bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased cAMP Level and Decreased Downregulation of β
1
‐Adrenoceptor Expression in Therapeutic Hypothermia‐Resuscitated Myocardium Are Associated With Improved Post‐Resuscitation Myocardial Function
Authors: Wang Wei , Hua Tianfeng , Li Hao , Wu Xiaobo , Bradley Jennifer , Peberdy Mary Ann , Ornato Joseph P. , Tang Wanchun 
Published: March 2018

Background
Epinephrine administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with severe post‐resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that therapeutic hypothermia reduced the severity of post‐resuscitation myocardial dysfunction caused by epinephrine; however, the relationship between myocardial adrenoceptor expression and myocardial protective effects by hypothermia remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Rats weighing between 450 and 550 g were randomized into 5 groups: (1) normothermic placebo, (2) normothermic epinephrine, (3) hypothermic placebo, (4) hypothermic epinephrine, and (5) sham (not subject to cardiac arrest and resuscitation). Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 8 minutes for all other groups. Hypothermia was initiated coincident with the start of
CPR
and maintained at 33±0.2°C for 4 hours. Placebo or epinephrine was administered 5 minutes after the start of
CPR
and 3 minutes before defibrillation. Post‐resuscitation ejection fraction was measured hourly for 4 hours then hearts were harvested. Epinephrine increased coronary perfusion pressure during
CPR
(27±6 mm Hg versus 21±2 mm Hg
P
<0.05). Post‐resuscitation myocardial function was impaired in the normothermic epinephrine group compared with other groups. The concentration of myocardial
cAMP
doubled in the normothermic epinephrine group (655.06±447.63 μmol/L) compared with the hypothermic epinephrine group (302.51±97.98 μmol/L;
P
<0.05). Myocardial β
1
‐adrenoceptor expression decreased with normothermia cardiac arrest but not with hypothermia regardless of epinephrine.

Conclusions

Epinephrine, administered during normothermic
CPR
, increased the severity of post‐resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. This adverse effect was inhibited by intra‐arrest hypothermia resuscitation. Declined
cAMP
with more preserved β
1
‐adrenoceptors in hypothermia‐resuscitated myocardium is associated with improved post‐resuscitated myocardial function in vivo.
Relation of Insulin Resistance to Longitudinal Changes in Left Ventricular Structure and Function in a General Population
Authors: Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Knez Judita , Thijs Lutgarde , Haddad Francois , Vanassche Thomas , Yang Wen‐Yi , Wei Fang‐Fei , Staessen Jan A. , Kuznetsova Tatiana 
Published: March 2018

Background

Population data on the longitudinal changes of left ventricular (
LV
) structure and function in relation to insulin resistance are sparse. Therefore, we assessed in a general population whether hyperinsulinemia predicts longitudinal changes in
LV
and arterial characteristics.

Methods and Results

In 627 participants (mean age 50.7 years, 51.4% women), we assessed echocardiographic indexes of
LV
structure and function and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity by applanation tonometry at baseline and after 4.7 years. We regressed longitudinal changes in these indexes on baseline insulin and its change during follow‐up, and reported standardized effect sizes as a percentage of the
SD
of
LV
changes associated with a doubling of insulin. After adjustment, higher baseline insulin predicted a greater temporal increase in
LV
mass index (effect size: +15.1%) and E/e′ ratio (+22.1%), and a greater decrease in e′ peak and longitudinal strain (−11.2% to −17.1%). A greater increase in insulin during follow‐up related to a greater increase in LV mass index (+10.7%) and decline in ejection fraction and longitudinal strain (−11.4% to −15.7%). Participants who became or remained insulin resistant during follow‐up experienced worse changes in longitudinal strain, E/e′, and LV mass index as compared with participants who did not develop or had improved insulin resistance over time (
P
≤0.033). Moreover, multivariable‐adjusted increase in pulse wave velocity was higher in participants with diabetes mellitus than in participants without diabetes mellitus (+1.46 m/s versus +0.71 m/s;
P
=0.039).

Conclusions

Hyperinsulinemia at baseline and during follow‐up predicted worsening of
LV
function and remodeling over time. Our findings underline the importance of management of insulin resistance.
Body Marks in Jewish Sources: From Biblical to Post-Talmudic Times
Authors: Bar-Ilan Meir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
During the course of two millennia, Jews imprinted signs and scripts on their bodies. Although the Bible prohibits tattooing (Lev. 19:28), some Jews wrote the Lord’s Name on their body, probably with ink. Here we examine evidence for this practice: Ezekiel 9:4–6, Cain’s Mark (Gen. 4:15), Isa. 44:5, Exod. 28:36, and 39:30, where examples of setting the Lord’s Name on one’s arm or forehead are delineated. This practice may have originated among priests (see Num. 6:22–27, which we argue is to be read literally and not as a metaphor) and only later was imitated by the laity. Thus, priests blessed orally and committed their blessing into a bodily inscription on the people they blessed. The Talmud also contains evidence that some Jews had the Lord’s Name written on their bodies in ink, and Hekhalot literature contains two detailed descriptions of how people were inscribed with God’s Name, in a kind of rite-of-passage. Other texts (e.g., Rev. 19:16; Gal. 6:17) provide additional evidence that Jews in antiquity inscribed the Lord’s Name on their bodies.
“I bear the burden of treating the gentiles”: Jewish Halakhic Authorities’ Attitudes towards Treating Muslims in the 12th–18th Centuries
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper focuses on the religious, social, and historical aspects of the ancient Jewish prohibition against treating non-Jews. It discusses the attitude of rabbinic authorities towards providing medical service to Muslims in medieval and pre-modern times. It points out that circumstances did not enable the public to fulfill these instructions to the letter, and therefore many halakhic authorities in the post-Talmudic period dispensed with the prohibition almost completely. The question of treating Muslims was discussed by halakhic authorities in both Christian and Muslim countries. Stricter views were voiced concerning the treatment of Christians, but the dispensation to treat Muslims and deliver their babies was more pronounced. Halakhic authorities claimed that the original prohibition regarded idolaters, while Muslims do not engage in idolatry. Another major claim supporting the concession was a concern for animosity and harassment within the non-Jewish environment.
Could Science be Interestingly Different?
Authors: Virmajoki Veli 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I investigate the issue of the contingency and inevitability of science. First, I point out valuable insights from the existing discussion about the issue. I then formulate a general framework, built on the notion of contrastive explanation and counterfactuals, that can be used to approach questions of contingency of science. I argue, with an example from the existing historiography of science, that this framework could be useful to historians of science. Finally, I argue that this framework shows the existing views on historical contingency and counterfactuals in a new light. The framework also shows the value of existing historiography in philosophical debates.
Constructions as Triads of Form, Function, and Agency: An Agentive Cognitive Construction Grammar Study of English Modals
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio 
Published: March 2018

The present article introduces anagentive cognitive construction grammarapproach to the analysis of English central modals. One of the premises of the new theory is that speaker meaning cannot be captured by looking at form-function relations only but through the integration of additional conceptual layers such as agency, embodiment, and argument structure construction. This theoretical turn is supported empirically by a corpus study aimed at identifying specific modal constructions in the 520 million wordCorpus of Contemporary American English. The results show that(i) English modals are reliably identifiable as constructions at a clausal level, and(ii) that, depending on the type of agency (motional or stative), modal constructions can be divided into two main categories, namelymodal agentive constructionsandmodal referential constructions. The results also support the idea that modal constructions are triadic, that is, that they display symbolic form-function relations based on iconic-indexical, and speaker-driven processes (all of which are possible thanks to the conceptualizer’s possession of the concept of objective truth). These constructions provide conceptualizers with the mental schemas necessary to construe meaning across mental spaces.
What Can We Learn From Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Values Deleted and Repeated by Nurses?
Authors: Corl Dawn , Yin Tom , Ulibarri May , Lien Heather , Tylee Tracy , Chao Jing , Wisse Brent E. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Hospitals rely on point-of-care (POC) blood glucose (BG) values to guide important decisions related to insulin administration and glycemic control. Evaluation of POC BG in hospitalized patients is associated with measurement and operator errors. Based on a previous quality improvement (QI) project we introduced an option for operators to delete and repeat POC BG values suspected as erroneous. The current project evaluated our experience with deleted POC BG values over a 2-year period. Method: A retrospective QI project included all patients hospitalized at two regional academic medical centers in the Pacific Northwest during 2014 and 2015. Laboratory Medicine POC BG data were reviewed to evaluate all inpatient episodes of deleted and repeated POC BG. Results: Inpatient operators choose to delete and repeat only 0.8% of all POC BG tests. Hypoglycemic and extreme hyperglycemic BG values are more likely to be deleted and repeated. Of initial values <40 mg/dL, 58% of deleted values (18% of all values) are errors. Of values >400 mg/dL, 40% of deleted values (5% of all values) are errors. Not all repeated POC BG values are first deleted. Optimal use of the option to delete and repeat POC BG values <40 mg/dL could decrease reported rates of severe hypoglycemia by as much as 40%. Conclusions: This project demonstrates that operators are frequently able to identify POC BG values that are measurement/operator errors. Eliminating these errors significantly reduces documented rates of severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and has the potential to improve patient safety.
Evaluation of the Area of the Lisfranc Ligament Damaged by Screw Fixation
Authors: Fernandez Isaac , Weiss William M. , Panchbhavi Vinod K. 
Published: March 2018

Background. A cannulated screw is currently the standard fixation method to reduce and stabilize diastasis at the lisfranc joint following injury. Currently, there is no literature examining the area of the lisfranc ligament damaged by screw placement. The objective of this investigation is to define the area of the ligament damaged by fixation with a 3.5-mm cannulated screw. Materials and Methods. Twelve cadaveric feet were dissected to identify the Lisfranc ligament metatarsal insertion site and origin on the medial cuneiform. A 3.5-mm cannulated screw was then passed over the course of the ligament and removed. The Lisfranc joint was then dissected to measure the dimensions of the ligament and damage from screw passage at the origin and insertion using imaging software. Results. Mean injury area on the metatarsal was 3.49 mm2 and the area of injury for the cuneiform was 3.33 mm2. The mean percent of the area damaged was calculated to be 1.75% and 2.43% at the cuneiform and metatarsal, respectively. Conclusion. A proportionally small area of the Lisfranc ligament is disrupted following screw fixation, but the implications of this on ligament healing and outcomes remain to be elucidated. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Cadaveric study
3D forward modeling of magnetotelluric fields in general anisotropic media and its numerical implementation in Julia
Authors: Han Bo , Li Yuguo , Li Gang 
Published: March 2018

We have developed a finite volume (FV) algorithm for magnetotelluric (MT) forward modeling in 3D conductivity structures with general anisotropy. The electric and magnetic fields are discretized on a conventional staggered grid, which cannot directly address the full-tensor conductivity. To overcome this difficulty, an interpolation scheme is used to average different components of the electric field to the same position. We formulate the algorithm in pure matrix form and implement it in a new language, Julia, making the programming process highly efficient and leading to a code with excellent readability, maintainability, and extendability. The validity of the FV Julia code is demonstrated using a layered 1D anisotropic model. For this model, the FV code provides accurate results, and the computational cost is reasonable. Being preconditioned with the electromagnetic potential ([Formula: see text]) system, the iterative solvers including quasi-minimal residual and biconjugate gradient stabilized exhibit a good convergence rate for a wide range of periods. The direct solvers MUMPS and PARDISO are highly efficient for small model sizes. For a relatively large model size with 2.18 millions unknowns, the linear system of one period can be solved by MUMPS within 360 s with multiple threads involved in the computation, and the memory usage is only 11.6 GB in the “out-of-core” mode. We further calculated MT responses of a 3D model with dipping and horizontal anisotropy, respectively. The results suggest that the electrical anisotropy can have significant influence on the MT response.
Kościół katolicki w Polsce pod rządami komunistów
Authors: Bankowicz Bożena 
Published: March 2018

Catholic Church in Poland under the rule of communists
After the Second World War in Poland was established communist regime. Polish Catholic Church has found in a difficult situation, because official ideology of state became atheistic Marxism‑Leninism. Formal principles of separation between state and Church, freedom of conscience and religion became a facade hiding the atheistic program of regime and its will of rooting out of religion and Church from society. It was already in September 1945 government revoked of the Concordat of 1925. Ruling communists have tried to defeat the Catholic Church one way or another, among them was Trojan Horse method through movement of so‑called “patriotic priests” that have approved the existing regime. On 25 September 1953 was arrested Primate Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński (in seclusion until October 1956). It might be introduction to the general crackdown on Church. After 1956 as a result of destalinisation and political thaw was improved situation of the Catholic Church in Poland. The election of Cracow Cardinal Karol Wojtyła as Pope (assumed name John Paul II) of 16 October 1978 increased the already powerful influence of the Church and his pilgrimages in Poland next years emphasized the historic links between Catholicism and the Polish nation, strengthening a conviction that communism is strange phenomenon in the country.
Bezpowrotnie utracony raj?
Authors: Gryglaszewska Anna 
Published: March 2018

Irretrievably Lost Paradise? The Conquest of Mexico as a Painful Shock in the Works of Carmen Boullosa
The conquest of Mexico, which has an impact on the lives of its inhabitants today, is one of the main themes in the early works of writer Carmen Boullosa. In the novel Llanto. Novelasimposibles the author returns to the Aztec Empire to make a reinterpretation of the events of 1519–1521, while the second novel Duerme takes the reader to the days of the colonial era. Moctezuma II, who wakes up from his sleep in the second half of the twentieth century, becomes a postmodern figure. Claire, who reaches the New World on a pirate ship, becomes a witness to the exploitation of the indigenous population by the Spanish masters. Both characters are aware of the fact that the collapse of the empire means an irretrievable loss of the old world and its primary cultures.
Obóz „Goli otok” w relacji międzypokoleniowej
Authors: Taczyńska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2018

Goli Otok Prison Camp in the Intergenerational Relationship. The Case of Tiha Gudac’s Documentary Film Goli
The issue this paper refers to concerns the camp for political prisoners established in 1949 in Yugoslavia on the island of Goli otok. The primary objective of my article is to show that documentary films are a significant space for reflection on Goli otok camp. In the context of postmemory, particularly noteworthy is the film Goli from 2014, directed by Tiha K. Gudac, born in 1982. The analysis of this documentary is to present how the memory of the Goli otok prison camp works in the film and how it is transmitted. The film author belongs to the generation of the descendants of Goli otok prisoners. Goli is an attempt to confront the inherited traumatic experience of her grandfather, which – although hushed and hidden for the rest of his life – directly affected the family relationships.
Czarnobyl w strefie postpamięci
Authors: Duda Anna 
Published: March 2018

Chernobyl in the Postmemory Zone. The Guide Narration of Alexander Sirota – „the Mayor” of Pripyat
The goal of this article is to show how the memory of Chernobyl catastrophe is being reconstructed and later pass on by the guide with his narration. The example of Aleksander Sirota and his mother will show how big of a factor in constructingmemory of a ‘second generation’ is played by post‑traumatic creation of a close person, as well as accumulated video recordings and photographies taken before the accident. Also, comperative approach of confronting photos with authentic‘forgotten’ space of Pripyat city used by the tour guide will allow us to understand the level of influence in which visual aspect can affect reinterpretation of abandoned heritage. The same can be said of actual presence of a tourist in such environment and its effect on alteration of the memory of the event. The activity of Aleksander Sirota presented in this article will allow us to look at Chernobyl catastrophe through the lens of post‑memory discourse and will reveal how multilayered research issue it really is.
Murgie: the fortified Bruttian site (Crotone, Calabria)
Authors: Fabrizio Maria Oliverio  
Published: March 2018

We have begun this work in the hopes of studying the specifics of all the previous investigations of archaeological excavations and historical cartography sites, according to the information provided by the common technical ofﬁces of Strongoli and tools used in the province of Crotone, such as aerial photography, blueprints and all of the cartography related to the plateau of Murgie and all areas within its limits. The area of Murgie was ﬁrst identified by Juliette De La Genière in 1971 and later some recoveries were made by the superintendent for archaeological heritage in 1976 and by regular excavations in 1983, 1988 and 1990.The oldest recovered items in the plateau probably date back to the end of the Paleolithic era, in addition to some fragments of the ﬂint industry. As far as the 4th – 3rd centuries B.C. are concerned, they are the most prolific in producing artifacts and in terms of demographical growth of the area. The most recent evidence is a whole brick found during a survey and it can be compared to other examples which come from Crotone’s higher topographical areas dating back to the 2nd century B.C.. To carry out this analysis we used sophisticated tools such as centimetric GPS and total stations. Through this work, we have investigated and identified all the Bruttian era’s defense systems, and moreover we have investigated how it relates to the plateau and its building methods.
During the survey in the field, many obstacles turned up because of the thick vegetation and the cultivation in this area, treating of agricultural grounds, and changes in the ground because of the use of mechanical means in the area. This research has given new data and information which has added to the research carried out last century and that should be completed with a real campaign of stratigraphic excavation.
Impact of Official Matches on Soccer Referees’ Power Performance
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Yanci Javier , Cámara Jesús 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The evaluation of match officials’ neuromuscular performance is now an important consideration and the vertical jump test is considered suitable for assessing lower limb power, partly because it is directly related to refereeing. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the effect of soccer matches on match officials’ vertical jump performance by assessing various biomechanical variables. Eighteen field referees (FRs) and 36 assistant referees (ARs) who officiated in 18 official matches participated in this study. Before the match, at half time and immediately after the match, officials performed two countermovement jumps. Flight phase time (FT), maximum force production (MFpropulsion), time to production of maximum force (TMFpropulsion), production of maximum power (MP), maximum landing force (MFlanding) and time to stabilization (TTS) were calculated for all jumps. There was a tendency for match officials’ jumping performance to improve after matches than beforehand (FR: effect size (ES) = 0.19 ± 0.36, possibly trivial; AR: ES = 0.07 ± 0.17, likely trivial). There were also likely small and very likely moderate differences between FRs’ MP in pre-match and half-time jumps (ES = 0.46 ± 0.47) and in their pre- and post-match jumps (ES = 0.71 ± 0.48). These results indicate that refereeing soccer matches does not reduce vertical jump performance; the subsequent neuromuscular fatigue is not sufficient to affect landing technique.
Variance In Prominence Levels and in Patterns of Passing Sequences in Elite and Youth Soccer Players: A Network Approach
Authors: Mendes Bruno , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Maurício Nuno 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the prominence levels of elite and highly competitive young soccer players. This study also analyzed the variation in general network properties at different competitive levels and periods of the season. A total of 132 matches, played by 28 teams during the 2015/2016 season, were analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the composition of general network measures considering the competitive level (p = 0.002; ES = 0.077) and according to the location of the match (p = 0.001; ES = 0.147). There were positive correlations between network density and the final score (ρ = 0.172) and negative correlations between network density and goals conceded (ρ = - 0.300). Significant differences in the composite of centralities were found between positions (p = 0.001; ES = 0.293; moderate effect) and the location of the match (p = 0.001; ES = 0.013; no effect). This revealed that the general properties of cooperation increased with the competitive level, improved during the middle of the season and were better in home matches. Midfielders were most prominent players in elite and U19 teams in the mid-season and central defenders had the most prominent centralities in U17 and U15 during the early and late periods of the season.