bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness variation in simulated school-based network interventions
Authors: Badham Jennifer , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous simulation studies have found that starting with high degree seeds leads to faster and more complete diffusion over networks. However, there are few studies and none have used networks that are relevant to a school setting.

Methods
We construct 17 networks from friendship nominations in schools and simulate diffusion from a seed group of 15% of the students. That seed group is constructed with seven different approaches (referred to as interventions). The effectiveness of the intervention is measured by the proportion of simulated students reached and the time taken.

Results
Seed groups comprising popular students are effective compared to other interventions across a range of measures and simulated contagions. As operationalised, selecting persuasive students is also effective for many simulation scenarios. However, this intervention is not strictly comparable with the others tested.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous simulation studies, using popular students as a seed group is a robust approach to optimising network interventions in schools. In addition, researchers should consider supplementing the seed group with influential students.
Co-contagion diffusion on multilayer networks
Authors: Chang Ho-Chun Herbert , Fu Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study examines the interface of three elements during co-contagion diffusion: the synergy between contagions, the dormancy rate of each individual contagion, and the multiplex network topology. Dormancy is defined as a weaker form of “immunity,” where dormant nodes no longer actively participate in diffusion, but are still susceptible to infection. The proposed model extends the literature on threshold models, and demonstrates intricate interdependencies between different graph structures. Our simulations show that first, the faster contagion induces branching on the slower contagion; second, shorter characteristic path lengths diminish the impact of dormancy in lowering diffusion. Third, when two long-range graphs are paired, the faster contagion depends on both dormancy rates, whereas the slower contagion depends only on its own; fourth, synergistic contagions are less sensitive to dormancy, and have a wider window to diffuse. Furthermore, when long-range and spatially constrained graphs are paired, ring vaccination occurs on the spatial graph and produces partial diffusion, due to dormant, surrounding nodes. The spatial contagion depends on both dormancy rates whereas the long-range contagion depends on only its own.
Extensivity in infinitely large multiplex networks
Authors: Araujo Maria Angélica , Baptista Murilo S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the coupling strengths and the extensive behaviour of the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents of multiplex networks formed by coupled dynamical units. Considering networks where the dynamics of the nodes is given by the shift map, we do not only demonstrate which are the relevant parameters leading to extensivity, but also provide exact formulas how they are related. A distinct result was to show that it is always possible to construct infinitely large extensive networks by attaching, with rescaled inter-connections, infinitely many smaller networks. These smaller networks are effectively the building blocks of the large network. This is because these building blocks can have arbitrary topology and the strength of connections among nodes only depends on the block size, and not on the size of the whole network.
Quantum walk neural networks with feature dependent coins
Authors: Dernbach Stefan , Mohseni-Kabir Arman , Pal Siddharth , Gepner Miles , Towsley Don 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent neural networks designed to operate on graph-structured data have proven effective in many domains. These graph neural networks often diffuse information using the spatial structure of the graph. We propose a quantum walk neural network that learns a diffusion operation that is not only dependent on the geometry of the graph but also on the features of the nodes and the learning task. A quantum walk neural network is based on learning the coin operators that determine the behavior of quantum random walks, the quantum parallel to classical random walks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on multiple classification and regression tasks at both node and graph levels.
A study on the friendship paradox – quantitative analysis and relationship with assortative mixing
Authors: Pal Siddharth , Yu Feng , Novick Yitzchak , Swami Ananthram , Bar-Noy Amotz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The friendship paradox is the observation that friends of individuals tend to have more friends or be more popular than the individuals themselves. In this work, we first study local metrics to capture the strength of the paradox and the direction of the paradox from the perspective of individual nodes, i.e., an indication of whether the individual is more or less popular than its friends. These local metrics are aggregated, and global metrics are proposed to express the phenomenon on a network-wide level. Theoretical results show that the defined metrics are well-behaved enough to capture the friendship paradox. We also theoretically analyze the behavior of the friendship paradox for popular network models in order to understand regimes where friendship paradox occurs. These theoretical findings are complemented by experimental results on both network models and real-world networks. By conducting a correlation study between the proposed metrics and degree assortativity, we experimentally demonstrate that the phenomenon of the friendship paradox is related to the well-known phenomenon of assortative mixing.
(Un)intended consequences of networking on individual and network-level efficiency
Authors: Tanaka Kyosuke , Horvát Emőke-Ágnes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch shows that individuals benefit from setting up their personal networks strategically. There are two fundamental networking approaches: structural change, which involves the addition and deletion of communication ties, and frequency change, which means an increase or decrease of communication on existing ties. Existing literature has focused predominantly on structural change, leaving the potential of frequency change understudied. To investigate the differential effects of structural and frequency change on the efficiency of information flow through a network, we conduct simulations of networking approaches on a diverse set of real-world directed weighted communication networks. Our results indicate that, overall, frequency change is associated with higher efficiency than structural change in all but one of the studied cases. Structural change has a strong direct effect on individuals who actively modify their personal network. Surprisingly, our simulations also show that the indirect effects of frequency change (i.e., an individual’s ties are reshaped due to others’ actions) can exceed direct ones. Our results highlight the value of the so far less studied frequency change and suggest that using targeted network alterations can result in gains for information flow at the scale of the entire network.
Classes of random walks on temporal networks with competing timescales
Authors: Petit Julien , Lambiotte Renaud , Carletti Timoteo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRandom walks find applications in many areas of science and are the heart of essential network analytic tools. When defined on temporal networks, even basic random walk models may exhibit a rich spectrum of behaviours, due to the co-existence of different timescales in the system. Here, we introduce random walks on general stochastic temporal networks allowing for lasting interactions, with up to three competing timescales. We then compare the mean resting time and stationary state of different models. We also discuss the accuracy of the mathematical analysis depending on the random walk model and the structure of the underlying network, and pay particular attention to the emergence of non-Markovian behaviour, even when all dynamical entities are governed by memoryless distributions.
Forced Convection Enhancement Over Heated Blocks by Using Slot-Jet
Authors: Amirat H. , Korichi A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTNumerical simulations of convective fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel containing heated blocks with slot-jet behind the blocks are performed. The finite volume method with the simple algorithm is adopted and Ansys Fluent © CFD commercial code is used. The effect of slot-jet on flow structure and heat transfer modification is examined. The incidence of influent parameters such as slot-jet position, relative inlet slot-jet velocity and Reynolds number value has been explored. The results show that both the main inlet velocity as well as the relative slot-jet velocity in addition to the slot position modifies the flow field, temperature contours and heat transfer rate.
Characterizing DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder features in psychiatric inpatients at scale using electronic health records
Authors: Barroilhet Sergio A. , Pellegrini Amelia M. , McCoy Thomas H. , Perlis Roy H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundInvestigation of personality traits and pathology in large, generalizable clinical cohorts has been hindered by inconsistent assessment and failure to consider a range of personality disorders (PDs) simultaneously.MethodsWe applied natural language processing (NLP) of electronic health record notes to characterize a psychiatric inpatient cohort. A set of terms reflecting personality trait domains were derived, expanded, and then refined based on expert consensus. Latent Dirichlet allocation was used to score notes to estimate the extent to which any given note reflected PD topics. Regression models were used to examine the relationship of these estimates with sociodemographic features and length of stay.ResultsAmong 3623 patients with 4702 admissions, being male, non-white, having a low burden of medical comorbidity, being admitted through the emergency department, and having public insurance were independently associated with greater levels of disinhibition, detachment, and psychoticism. Being female, white, and having private insurance were independently associated with greater levels of negative affectivity. The presence of disinhibition, psychoticism, and negative affectivity were each significantly associated with a longer stay, while detachment was associated with a shorter stay.ConclusionsPersonality features can be systematically and scalably measured using NLP in the inpatient setting, and some of these features associate with length of stay. Developing treatment strategies for patients scoring high in certain personality dimensions may facilitate more efficient, targeted interventions, and may help reduce the impact of personality features on mental health service utilization.
The Invention of the Greek Prosodic Signs
Authors: Probert Philomen , Roussou Stephanie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAristophanes of Byzantium is credited with inventing the signs for Greek accents, breathings and vowel lengths, according to a single source: a short text found in two 16th-century Paris manuscripts. The passage has a doubtful history, but the story it tells is of considerable interest. We first provide a new edition of this text, based on a new examination of both manuscripts, and a complete translation. Secondly we argue that the author consulted a source that was in Latin and that dealt at least in part with the Latin accent. We conclude by considering the implications of our proposal for the text’s date and circumstances of composition.
POLITICAL STRATEGIES AND THE URBAN SPACES THAT REFLECT THEM IN FORMATIVE-PERIOD CERRO JAZMÍN, OAXACA
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Verónica , Martínez Tuñón Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBased on stratigraphic excavation data and associated radiocarbon dates we argue that the pre-Hispanic city of Cerro Jazmín, in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, underwent a period of political change between the Late Formative (300 b.c.–a.d. 50) and the Terminal Formative periods (a.d. 50–300). This shift is reflected in the city's layout and in the timing of construction and use of two different monumental sectors. During the city's Late Formative occupation, we found evidence of more exclusionary feasting activity taking place in a secluded monumental sector called the Sunken Courtyards near the hilltop. In the Terminal Formative, however, monumental construction expanded in the more accessible Tres Cerritos sector where larger and accessible public areas were the focus of activity. We argue that changes in the city's layout, along with the differing patterns of feasting, suggest that the city's leaders went from a more exclusionary form of government to a more collective political strategy during the Terminal Formative period. Despite of these efforts monumental construction largely stopped and the city's population declined by the start of the Classic period (a.d. 300).
Evaluation of disturbance effect on geese caused by an approaching unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: BECH-HANSEN MADS , KALLEHAUGE RUNE M. , LAURITZEN JANNIK M. S. , SØRENSEN MATHIAS H. , LAUBEK BJARKE , JENSEN LASSE F. , PERTOLDI CINO , BRUHN DAN 
Published: September 2019

SummaryUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful tools in ornithological studies. Importantly, though, UAV-caused disturbance has been noted to vary among species. This study evaluated guidelines for UAVs as a tool for researching geese. Twenty-four flocks of foraging geese were approached at an altitude of 50–100 m with a quadcopter UAV and disturbance effects were analysed across different horizontal distances between the UAV and the flocks. Geese were increasingly disturbed when approached by a UAV, with birds showing increased vigilance behaviour within approximately 300 m. Increasing UAV flight altitude as well as increasing take-off distance from the flocks both decreased the risk of bird flocks flushing. In conclusion, when monitoring geese using UAVs, flight altitudes of 100 m and take-off distances of ideally ∼500 m are recommended, to minimise initial disturbance and reducing the risk of birds flushing.
Improved Accuracy on Lateralized Spatial Judgments in Healthy Aging
Authors: Williamson John B. , Murphy Aidan , Lamb Damon G. , Schwartz Zared , Szeles Dana , Harciarek Michal , Mańkowska Aleksandra , Heilman Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectives:Healthy young adults often demonstrate a leftward spatial bias called “pseudoneglect” which often diminishes with aging. One hypothesis for this phenomenon is an age-related deterioration in right hemisphere functions (right hemi-aging). If true, then a greater rightward bias should be evident on all spatial attention tasks regardless of content. Another hypothesis is a decrease in asymmetrical hemispheric activation with age (HAROLD). If true, older participants may show reduced bias in all spatial tasks, regardless of leftward or rightward biasing of specific spatial content.Methods:Seventy right-handed healthy participants, 33 younger (21–40) and 37 older (60–78), were asked to bisect solid and character-letter lines as well as to perform left and right trisections of solid lines.Results:Both groups deviated toward the left on solid line bisections and left trisections. Both groups deviated toward the right on right trisections and character line bisections. In all tasks, the older participants were more accurate than the younger participants.Conclusions:The finding that older participants were more accurate than younger participants across all bisection and trisection conditions suggests a decrease in the asymmetrical hemispheric activation of these specialized networks important in the allocation of contralateral spatial attention or spatial action intention.
Multisectoral community development in Nepal has greater effects on child growth and diet than nutrition education alone
Authors: Miller Laurie C , Neupane Sumanta , Joshi Neena , Lohani Mahendra , Rogers Beatrice L , Neupane Shailes , Ghosh Shibani , Webb Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:To compare the impact on child diet and growth of a multisectoral community intervention v. nutrition education and livestock management training alone.Design:Longitudinal community-based randomized trial involving three groups of villages assigned to receive: (i) Full Package community development activities, delivered via women’s groups; (ii) livestock training and nutrition education alone (Partial Package); or (iii) no intervention (Control). Household surveys, child growth monitoring, child and household diet quality measures (diet diversity (DD), animal-source food (ASF) consumption) were collected at five visits over 36 months. Mixed-effect linear regression and Poisson models used survey round, treatment group and group-by-round interaction to predict outcomes of interest, adjusted for household- and child-specific characteristics.Setting:Banke, Nepal.Participants:Households (n 974) with children aged 1–60 months (n 1333).Results:Children in Full Package households had better endline anthropometry (weight-for-age, weight-for-height, mid-upper-arm-circumference Z-scores), DD, and more consumption of ASF, after adjusting for household- and child-specific characteristics. By endline, compared with Partial Package or Control groups, Full Package households demonstrated preferential child feeding practices and had significantly more improvement in household wealth and hygiene habits.Conclusions:In this longitudinal study, a comprehensive multisectoral intervention was more successful in improving key growth indicators as well as diet quality in young children. Provision of training in livestock management and nutrition education alone had limited effect on these outcomes. Although more time-consuming and costly to administer, incorporating nutrition training with community social capital development was associated with better child growth and nutrition outcomes than isolated training programmes alone.
Green tea and coffee intake and risk of cognitive decline in older adults: the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Shirai Yoshiro , Kuriki Kiyonori , Otsuka Rei , Kato Yuki , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Tomida Makiko , Imai Tomoko , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between green tea and coffee intake and cognitive decline in older adults.Design:A prospective cohort study. The average intake of green tea and coffee in the previous year was assessed through a dietitian interview using a dietary questionnaire. A Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was conducted up to six times biennially. Cognitive decline was screened using the MMSE; its incidence was defined as the first time a score of <27 points was obtained in a biennial test from the baseline. Hazard ratios for incidence of cognitive decline were estimated according to the intake of the two beverages using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.Setting:The National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) in Japan.Participants:Men (n 620) and women (n 685), aged 60–85 years, from the NILS-LSA.Results:During a mean of 5·3 (sd 2·9) years of follow-up, 432 incident cases of cognitive decline were observed. Compared with participants who consumed green tea <once/d, the multivariable hazard ratio (95 % CI) was 0·70 (0·45, 1·06), 0·71 (0·52, 0·97) and 0·72 (0·54, 0·98) among those who consumed green tea once/d, 2–3 times/d and ≥4 times/d, respectively (Ptrend < 0·05). No significant association was found between coffee intake and cognitive decline.Conclusions:The intake of green tea, but not coffee, was shown to reduce the risk of cognitive decline in older adults.
Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction & other enduring sexual dysfunctions
Authors: Healy David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Enduring sexual difficulties following treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants have been reported to regulators since 1991, but it was only in 2006 that a formal post-SSRI sexual dysfunction syndrome was reported. The clinical, research and regulatory implications of this syndrome are considerable and researchers using epidemiological methods are well placed to map out the contours of the problem and perhaps pinpoint possible treatments.
The Danish Twin Registry: An Updated Overview
Authors: Pedersen Dorthe Almind , Larsen Lisbeth Aagaard , Nygaard Marianne , Mengel-From Jonas , McGue Matt , Dalgård Christine , Hvidberg Lars , Hjelmborg Jacob , Skytthe Axel , Holm Niels V. , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Christensen Kaare 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Danish Twin Registry (DTR) was established in the 1950s, when twins born from 1870 to 1910 were ascertained, and has since been extended to include twins from birth cohorts until 2009. The DTR currently comprises of more than 175,000 twins from the 140 birth cohorts. This makes the DTR the oldest nationwide twin register and among the largest in the world. The combination of data from several surveys, including biological samples and repeated measurements on the same individuals, and data from Danish national registers provides a unique resource for a wide range of twin studies. This article provides an updated overview of the data in the DTR: First, we provide a summary of the establishment of the register, the different ascertainment methods and the twins included; then follows an overview of major surveys conducted in the DTR since 1994 and a description of the DTR biobank, including a description of the molecular data created so far; finally, a short description is given of the linkage to Danish national registers at Statistics Denmark and some recent examples of studies using the various data resources in the DTR are highlighted.
S100A4 released from highly bone-metastatic breast cancer cells plays a critical role in osteolysis
Authors: Kim Haemin , Kim Bongjun , Il Kim Sang , Kim Hyung Joon , Ryu Brian Y. , Chung Junho , Lee Zang Hee , Kim Hong-Hee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBone destruction induced by breast cancer metastasis causes severe complications, including death, in breast cancer patients. Communication between cancer cells and skeletal cells in metastatic bone microenvironments is a principal element that drives tumor progression and osteolysis. Tumor-derived factors play fundamental roles in this form of communication. To identify soluble factors released from cancer cells in bone metastasis, we established a highly bone-metastatic subline of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This subline (mtMDA) showed a markedly elevated ability to secrete S100A4 protein, which directly stimulated osteoclast formation via surface receptor RAGE. Recombinant S100A4 stimulated osteoclastogenesis in vitro and bone loss in vivo. Conditioned medium from mtMDA cells in which S100A4 was knocked down had a reduced ability to stimulate osteoclasts. Furthermore, the S100A4 knockdown cells elicited less bone destruction in mice than the control knockdown cells. In addition, administration of an anti-S100A4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that we developed attenuated the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by mtMDA in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that S100A4 released from breast cancer cells is an important player in the osteolysis caused by breast cancer bone metastasis.