bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A1 ratio is independently associated with disease severity in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wu Jiayuan , Wang Yufeng , Li Hongyan , Tan Wenkai , Chen Xiaoming , Ye Shicai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEarly identification of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is critical for clinical decision-making. The apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/A1 ratio) reflects the balance between pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation in vivo. This study investigated the association between serum ApoB/A1 ratio at admission and acute pancreatitis (AP) severity. A total of 375 patients with first attack of AP were retrospectively recruited from January 2014 to December 2017. The severity of AP was assessed at admission based on the 2012 revised Atlanta Classification. Serum lipids levels were tested on the first 24 h of hospitalization, of which the correlations with clinical features or scoring systems were also measured. The ApoB/A1 ratio markedly increased across disease severity of AP. The ApoB/A1 ratio, expressed as both quartile and continuous variables, was significantly associated with a high risk of SAP, even after adjustment for other conventional SAP risk factors. The ApoB/A1 ratio positively correlated with the revised 2012 Atlanta Classification, Ranson score, Bedside Index for Severity in AP score, Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for AP severity. The optimal cut-off value of ApoB/A1 ratio for detecting SAP was 0.88, with a sensitivity of 83.08% and a specificity of 69.03%. Serum ApoB/A1 ratio at admission is closely correlated with disease severity in patients with AP and can serve as a reliable indicator for SAP in clinical setting.
Engineering of anti-human interleukin-4 receptor alpha antibodies with potent antagonistic activity
Authors: Kim Jung-Eun , Jung Keunok , Kim Jeong-Ah , Kim Seung-Hyun , Park Hae-Sim , Kim Yong-Sung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of antagonistic antibody (Ab) against interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) subunit of IL-4/IL-13 receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for T helper 2 (TH2)-mediated allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Here we isolated anti-human IL-4Rα antagonistic Abs from a large yeast surface-displayed human Ab library and further engineered their complementarity-determining regions to improve the affinity using yeast display technology, finally generating a candidate Ab, 4R34.1.19. When reformatted as human IgG1 form, 4R34.1.19 specifically bound to IL-4Rα with a high affinity (KD≈ 178 pM) and effectively blocked IL-4- and IL-13-dependent signaling in a reporter cell system at a comparable level to that of the clinically approved anti-IL-4Rα dupilumab Ab analogue. Epitope mapping by alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that 4R34.1.19 mainly bound to IL-4 binding sites on IL-4Rα with different epitopes from those of dupilumab analogue. Further, 4R34.1.19 efficiently inhibited IL-4-dependent proliferation of T cells among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppressed the differentiation of naïve CD4+T cells from healthy donors and asthmatic patients into TH2 cells, the activities of which were comparable to those of dupilumab analogue. Our work demonstrates that both affinity and epitope are critical factors for the efficacy of anti-IL-4Rα antagonistic Abs.
Mood induction alters attention toward negative-positive stimulus pairs in sheep
Authors: Raoult Camille M. C. , Gygax Lorenz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMood is a lasting affective state that influences motivation and decision-making by pre-shaping a subject’s expectations (pessimism/optimism). Mood states affect biases in judgment, memory, and attention. Due to a lack of verbal report, assessing mood in non-human animals is challenging and is often compromised by intense training sessions. Measuring mood using attentional biases can circumvent this problem, as it takes advantage of observing a spontaneous reaction. As in humans, we expected that negative mood will heighten attention toward negative compared to positive stimuli. Here, we validate measures of attention toward acoustic stimuli in sheep (N = 64) and assess sheep’s differential attention toward acoustic stimuli before and after mood induction (N = 32). Mood was induced by manipulating the environment. We used animal vocalizations (dog barking and sheep bleating as negative and positive stimuli, respectively) varying in intensity and played simultaneously from one side each, and measured lateral attention based on the sheep’s behavior. Overall results were somewhat ambiguous. Yet, negative mood sheep seemed to shift their attention more toward dog vocalizations when the stimulus pair was well balanced at baseline. Though some adaptations are still needed, our approach could be a promising alternative to measure animals’ mood without prior training.
Behandlungsprinzipien: primäre vs. sekundäre Versorgung
Authors: Al-Sadi Onays , Kamin Konrad , Notov Dmitry , Kleber Christian , Schaser Klaus Dieter 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Kniegelenk zählt zu den häufig verletzten Gelenkregionen. Neben knöchernen Verletzungen spielen Sehnen-, Band- und Knorpelschäden eine zentrale Rolle. Das Spektrum der Verletzungsmuster ist breit und reicht von einfachen Niedrigrasanztrauma bis hin zum polytraumtisierten Patienten. Kombinierte osteoligamentäre Verletzungen stellen auch für den erfahrenen Operateur eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Therapieentscheidung für eine primäre Ausversorgung oder früh-/spät-sekundäre Rekonstruktion ist von zahlreichen Faktoren abhängig. Für polytraumatisierte Patienten ist das Damage-Control-Konzept anzuwenden. Für die operative Versorgung stehen dem Operateur neben dem Fixateur externe eine Vielzahl an Osteosyntheseverfahren zur Auswahl (winkelstabile Systeme, minimalinvasive Systeme, intramedulläre Kräftträger), welche einzeln oder kombiniert zum Einsatz kommen können. Das Kompartmentsyndrom zählt zu den gefürchteten Komplikationen und muss unmittelbar durch eine Dermatofasciotomie behandelt werden. Bei ausgedehnten Weichteilschäden, die mit einer sekundären Lappenpflichtigkeit einhergehen können, ist eine zeitnahe Involvierung der plastischen Chirurgie zu empfehlen, um ein gemeinsames und abgestimmtes Rekonstruktionsmanagement zu etablieren.
Data Privacy Compliant Validation of Health Insurance Claims Data: the IDOMENEO
Approach
Authors: Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Schwaneberg Thea , Hischke Sandra , Müller Tobias , Petersen Tom , Marschall Ursula , Debus Sebastian , Kriston Levente 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, health insurance claims have regained the attention of the scientific community as
a source of real-world evidence in health care research and quality improvement. To date, very
few studies are available which investigate the validity of health insurance claims; these may
be affected by bias from several sources, such as possible upcoding of co-morbidities and
complications for reimbursement advantages. The IDOMENEO study investigates the inpatient
treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) comprehensively using various data sources with
a consortium involving experts from health care research and data privacy, a large health
insurance fund, biostatisticians, jurists, and computer scientists. Prospective registry data
were collected from 30–40 vascular centres in Germany using the GermanVasc registry. In
addition, health insurance claims data were prospectively collected from BARMER, the second
largest health insurance fund in Germany. The consortium is currently developing a data privacy
compliant method of health insurance claims data validation, the methodological foundations of
which are described here.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural approach versus ERCP-guided transpapillary approach for primary decompression of malignant biliary obstruction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bishay Kirles , Boyne Devon , Yaghoobi Mohammad , Khashab Mouen A. , Shorr Risa , Ichkhanian Yervant , Forbes Nauzer 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Primary decompression in patients with malignant biliary obstruction can be achieved via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with transpapillary stenting, or, more recently, via transmural endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). It is unclear whether either approach is superior in terms of clinical success or adverse events in the primary setting.
Methods A comprehensive systematic electronic search was performed for studies comparing EUS-BD and ERCP as the primary approach with respect to clinical success and any other outcome(s). Pooled relative risks (RRs) and weighted mean differences were obtained as appropriate using DerSimonian and Laird random effects models. Sensitivity analyses were also performed.
Results 5 out of 776 studies with a total of 396 patients were included. Overall clinical success was not significantly different between EUS-BD and ERCP (RR 0.98, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.93 to 1.03). There was no significant difference in overall adverse events (RR 0.84, 95 %CI 0.35 to 2.01), though results suggested that EUS-BD may be associated with a reduced risk of pancreatitis (RR 0.22, 95 %CI 0.05 to 1.02). There were no significant differences between EUS-BD and ERCP in terms of procedure time or the risk of stent occlusion.
Conclusions EUS-BD had similar clinical success rates and occlusion rates to ERCP in the primary decompression of malignant biliary obstruction from meta-analysis including a modest number of patients. EUS-BD may be a practical alternative to the ERCP-guided approach in such patients, but further well-designed prospective studies with larger numbers of patients are required to more clearly delineate potential differences in adverse events and cost.
Salvage Laparoscopic-Assisted Anorectoplasty after Failed Vestibular Fistula Repair Using Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance
Authors: Ralls Matthew W. , Fallon Brian P. , Ladino-Torres Maria , Ehrlich Peter F. , Jarboe Marcus D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatients with vestibular fistula have a good functional outcome after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). While continence is often preserved, close follow-up and management of constipation are often required. Redo anorectal surgery has been associated with worse functional outcomes compared with primary procedures, possibly due to injury and scarring of the pelvic floor musculature and sphincter complex. Our group has a growing experience in the use of intraoperative real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for anorectal malformation repairs. We present a case of salvage operation of a failed PSARP for vestibular fistula.
Powerpoint as a Useful Tool in Corrective Osteotomies Calculation—Case Report and Presentation of the Method
Authors: Pérez Daniela , Martins Mariana da Rocha Sousa Camello , del Valle Montserrat , Ferreres Ángel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMalunion or congenital disorders of the forearm might lead to biomechanical alterations and change the pronosupination motion. Occasionally, an osteotomy should be performed to correct this malalignment. Several techniques have been reported, especially 3D modeling, which is not yet widely used due to its cost. The traditional method is still mostly performed, but sometimes it may be difficult to do the preplanning. In this paper, we explain an easy method, called “giro point” technique, to perform the calculation of osteotomies using commercially available software. We present six clinical cases with good functional results, in which the calculation was performed using this method. The method is easy to follow, with adequate surgical-radiological correlation.
Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Can Be an Effective Procedure in Patellofemoral Instability with Risk Factors
Authors: Blanke Fabian , Watermann Kathrin , Haenle Maximilian , Feitenhansl Andreas , Camathias Carlo , Vogt Stephan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatellofemoral instability is a severe problem in young and active patients. This pathology is influenced by ligamentous, bony, and neuromuscular parameters. The reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) evolved to a primary procedure, but combined procedures were more frequently performed in the past years. However, additional operative procedures are associated with increased morbidity and no absolute indication can be identified in the literature. This study is intended to clarify whether addressing only ligamentous influence factors (MPFL) in chronic patellofemoral instability is sufficient to produce good clinical outcomes, or whether other risk factors influence the results negatively and should also be treated at some point. In 52 patients with chronic patellofemoral instability patellar height according to Caton-Deschamps, trochlear dysplasia according to Dejour, the leg axis, the femoral antetorsion, tibial tubercle (TT)–trochlear groove, and TT–posterior cruciate ligament distance were evaluated. All patients were treated with isolated MPFL reconstruction. After a minimum follow-up period of 24 months (24–36 months), the clinical outcome results were calculated using the scoring system according to Lysholm and Tegner. Correlation between clinical outcome scores and anatomic risk factors were calculated. The analysis was performed using a standard statistical software package (JMP version 12, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The average postoperative Lysholm score increased significantly from 57.23 ± 19.9 to 85.9 ± 17.2 points (p < 0.0001) after isolated MPFL reconstruction. Moreover, the Tegner and Lysholm scores significantly improved both in patients without and with different risk factors postoperative. There were no significant differences in the outcome sores between the groups. Even the degree of trochlear dysplasia (types I–III) did not influence the results. Finally, there was no significant correlation found between all collected risk factors and the postoperative outcome scores. Isolated MPFL reconstruction can be an effective procedure in patients with patellofemoral instability and mild to moderate risk factors.
Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities
Authors: Weber Rachel T , Phan Linh T , Fritzen-Pedicini Charissa , Jones Rachael M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Providing care to patients with an infectious disease can result in the exposure of healthcare workers (HCWs) to pathogen-containing bodily fluids. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the magnitude of environmental contamination—in air, on surfaces and on participants—associated with seven common healthcare activities. The seven activities studied were bathing, central venous access, intravenous access, intubation, physical examination, suctioning and vital signs assessment. HCWs with experience in one or more activities were recruited to participate and performed one to two activities in the laboratory using task trainers that contained or were contaminated with fluorescein-containing simulated bodily fluid. Fluorescein was quantitatively measured in the air and on seven environmental surfaces. Fluorescein was quantitatively and qualitatively measured on the personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by participants. A total of 39 participants performed 74 experiments, involving 10–12 experimental trials for each healthcare activity. Healthcare activities resulted in diverse patterns and levels of contamination in the environment and on PPE that are consistent with the nature of the activity. Glove and gown contamination were ubiquitous, affirming the value of wearing these pieces of PPE to protect HCW’s clothing and skin. Though intubation and suctioning are considered aerosol-generating procedures, fluorescein was detected less frequently in air and at lower levels on face shields and facemasks than other activities, which suggests that the definition of aerosol-generating procedure may need to be revised. Face shields may protect the face and facemask from splashes and sprays of bodily fluids and should be used for more healthcare activities.
Efficacy of afatinib treatment for lung adenocarcinoma harboring exon 18 delE709_T710insD mutation
Authors: Iwamoto Yoshitaka , Ichihara Eiki , Hara Naofumi , Nakasuka Takamasa , Ando Chihiro , Umeno Takahiro , Hirabae Atsuko , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kiura Katsuyuki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Exon 18 delE709_T710insD is an extremely rare mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors against this mutation remains unclear. In this case report, we report a case of NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 18 delE709_T710insD that was not detected by a commercially available assay, but was detected by a next-generation sequencing cancer panel. A 56-year old female patient with advanced NSCLC was diagnosed as EGFR-mutation-negative using the PNAClamp method. ALK rearrangement was also absent and she received cytotoxic chemotherapies. Clinical characteristics, including adenocarcinoma histology and no history of smoking, implied the presence of a driver mutation, so a next-generation-sequencing Oncomine® Cancer Research Panel was conducted in the patient’s clinical course and the EGFR exon 18 delE709_T710insD mutation was detected. The patient started afatinib as sixth-line treatment and her pulmonary lesion significantly decreased in size. Afatinib was continued for 7 months until disease progressed.
Identification of Forensically Important Flesh Flies Using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunits I and II Genes
Authors: Jafari Samin , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Abai Mohammad Reza , Koosha Mona , Mohtarami Fatemeh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractForensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) often are not morphologically distinguishable, especially at the immature stage. In addition, female flies are quite similar in general morphology, making accurate identifications difficult. DNA-based technologies, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used for species-level identification. The cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II (COI-COII) sequences of Iranian Sarcophagidae are still unavailable in GenBank. In this study as many as 648 (540 males and 106 females) fly specimens from family Sarcophagidae, representing 10 sarcophagid species, including eight forensically important species were collected from seven locations in five Iranian provinces. Of these, 150 male specimens were identified based on both morphology of male genitalia and DNA sequencing analysis. Sequence data from the COI-COII regions for 10 flesh fly species collected in Iran were generated for the first time. Digestion of COI-COII region by restriction enzymes RsaI, EcoRV, and HinfI provided distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles among the species and can serve as molecular markers for species determination. Phylogenetic analysis represented that the COI-COII sequences are helpful for delimitation of sarcophagid species and implementation in forensic entomology. However, the application of the COI-COII fragment as a species identifier requires great caution and additional species and markers should be studied to ensure accurate species identification in the future.
Primacy of Reality
Authors: Sergio Gamonal C. , Rosado Marzán César F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes the principle of primacy of reality in Latin America, namely, in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The principle is also contained in the International Labor Organization’s Recommendation 198. The principle posits that facts must be given preference over what parties, particularly employers, state in legal texts, documents, and agreements. It is particularly important when determining threshold questions in labor law, such as employee and employer status. While employers might deny an employment relationship given a formal agreement to hire workers as independent contractors, the facts might show otherwise. However, the chapter also argues that primacy of reality depends on the principle of protection and in dubio pro operario to resolve questions when the facts are not dispositive given vague or missing rules. The chapter then searches primacy of reality in the United States and finds it in various employment tests, such as the common law control test. It is also finds it in employer tests of joint employer status. However, many of those tests remain vague, requiring supplementation with the U.S. versions of in dubio pro operario, i.e., liberal construction of the statutes that derogate the common law, and with legislative purpose. Primacy of reality makes it even more important for legal operators to be cognizant of labor law principles and, principally, the protective principle.
Max Ophuls and Instant Messaging
Authors: Hansen Miriam Bratu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the public character of film and is informed by the ideas of Jürgen Habermas, Alexander Kluge, and Oskar Negt about the public sphere, Öffentlichkeit in German. It takes as its prime example the 1932 film Liebelei, by the Austrian director Max Ophuls, whose opening scene it interprets as a paradigm of the visuality and relay of gazes made possible by classical cinema. The author argues for the necessity of reformulating the thesis of Walter Benjamin about the reproducibility of the artwork to account for the contemporary digital media environment. The chapter concludes with speculation about the future of film exhibition and its survival as a form of sponsored or niche culture.
India
Authors: Boutros Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the various laws and enforcement agencies in India relating to the investigation and criminalization of bribery and related offenses. Although India’s principal statutes, the Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA) and Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), have been in force for decades, the number of related prosecutions is low, with the first prosecution under the PMLA coming 15 years after that statute’s enactment. While India criminalizes bribery of domestic public officials, it lacks any laws criminalizing commercial bribery or bribery of foreign public officials, which sets the country behind many of its peer economies. There have been various calls for increased anti-corruption reforms in recent years, including from the administration of current prime minister Narendra Modi, but the success of these efforts remains to be seen.
“Carbon-Copy Prosecutions”: A Multi-Dimensional Enforcement Paradigm that is Here to Stay
Authors: Boutros Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
One emerging transnational trend in anti-corruption efforts is the phenomenon of “carbon-copy prosecutions”: when foreign or domestic Jurisdiction A files charges based on a guilty plea or charging document from Jurisdiction B. The net effect of DOJ and SEC FCPA settlement policies is that when a company enters into a negotiated resolution with U.S. enforcers, it is essentially powerless to defend against—much less deny—the factual basis on which the resolution is based. This all but ensures that a company that settles with the DOJ—or both the DOJ and SEC in parallel proceedings—will have little or no choice but to settle with U.S. and foreign authorities, should such authorities choose to exercise jurisdiction and enforce their corollary anti-corruption laws. Duplicative serial enforcement actions are now part and parcel of the enforcement landscape, despite a healthy ongoing debate over the need for, and fairness of, serial enforcements.