bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of 5-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)-2-chlorothiazole - trichloromethane - methanol (1/1/1), C20H19Cl4N3O3S
Authors: Wang An-Jia , Zhang Yun-Hui , Zhang Zhi , Weng Ai-Zhen , Wang Liu-Yang , She Dong-Mei , Ning Jun , Si Wei-Jie , Mei Xiang-Dong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C20H19Cl4N3O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.2134(9) Å, b = 21.4083(13) Å, c = 7.6709(5) Å, β = 99.260(6)°, V = 2303.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0659, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1682, T = 180 K.
Anti-gentrification Campaigns and the Fight for Local Control in California Cities
Authors: Kwak Nancy H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Gentrification is integral to the functioning of global cities: international developers raze old housing and renovate industrial lofts for elite service workers seeking central-city accommodations. In the process, local real estate markets heat up and working-class residents find themselves priced out, displaced more often than not to peripheral sites of the global metropolis. In Californian communities in downtown and the east side of Los Angeles, the Mission in San Francisco, and Barrio Logan in San Diego, however, residents rejected this process of involuntary movement, instead arguing for the value of historically rich, rooted communities. In what appeared to be a wave of anti-global activism beginning in the 1980s, residents worked to regain control over their local communities through a variety of strategies including the deliberate deployment of local culture and arts, and the increasingly savvy use of media and public relations. With these tools, anti-gentrifiers asserted ownership without property titles, housing rights without mortgages, and community buy-in without cash deposits. Anti-gentrification movements thus constituted a direct challenge to the workings of the global city while also feeding into a global movement to restore political power to the grassroots.
On the role of LET-dependent parameters in the determination of the absorbed dose by in-phantom recombination chambers
Authors: Golnik Natalia , Maciak Maciej G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the theoretical background in terms of the use of in-phantom recombination chambers in mixed radiation fields, with special attention paid to the question of how the experimentally determined, linear-energy-transfer-dependent (LET) parameters can be applied with regard to the more accurate determination of the chamber response and absorbed dose in mixed radiation fields. Methods of taking the recombination index of radiation quality (RIQ) measurements and theoretical consideration concerning the determination of the absorbed dose are described. Classical Bragg-Gray and Spencer-Attix cavity theories were analysed and their relationship to in-phantom recombination chambers was specifi ed. Methods concerning the estimation of correction factors with regard to RIQ measurements and their importance are highlighted.
Np-237 incineration study in various beams in ADS setup QUINTA
Authors: Kilim Stanisław , Strugalska-Gola Elżbieta , Szuta Marcin , Bielewicz Marcin , Tyutyunnikov Sergej I. , Furman Walter I. , Adam Jindra , Stegailov Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Neptunium-237 samples were irradiated in a spallation neutron field produced in accelerator-driven system (ADS) setup QUINTA. Five experiments were carried out on the accelerators at the JINR in Dubna - one in carbon (C6+), three in deuteron, and one in a proton beam. The energy in carbon was 24 GeV, in deuteron 2, 4 and 8 GeV, respectively, and 660 MeV in the proton beam. The incineration study method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry. During the analysis of the spectra several fission products and one actinide were identified. Fission product activities yielded the number of fissions. The actinide (Np-238), a result of neutron capture by Np-237, yielded the number of captures. The main goal of this work was to find out if and how the incineration rate depended on parameters of the accelerator beam.
A blue-pigmented hasleoid diatom, Haslea sp., from the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Palińska Katarzyna A. , Surosz Waldemar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present the first report and description of the pinnate diatom Haslea sp. from the northeastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia, producing a blue pigment. This organism is very similar to the well-known Haslea ostrearia, the first described “blue” diatom producing marennine, i.e. the pigment involved in the greening of oysters, and recently described H. provincialis. However, the Croatian diatom slightly differs from other Haslea species in its morphology and 18S rRNA sequence. The discovery of Haslea sp. from Croatia confirmed the possible existence of more species among the representatives of blue Haslea species, as previously assumed. The discovery of several genetically distinct populations of Haslea ostrearia, new species H. karadagensis, H. provincialis and Haslea sp. from Croatia, suggests that species richness in the group of “blue” diatoms is probably underestimated and still more new blue diatoms remain undiscovered. This also raises questions about previously published reports and observations of Haslea distribution in the Mediterranean Sea whether these organisms really belong to H. ostrearia.
Toponyms as Entry Points into a Digital Edition: Mapping Die Fackel
Authors: Barbaresi Adrien 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The emergence of Spatial Humanities has prompted for interdisciplinary work on digitized texts, especially since the significance of place names exceeds the usually admitted frame of deictic and indexical functions. In this perspective, I present a visualization of toponyms co-occurrences in the literary journal Die Fackel ("The Torch"), published by the satirist and language critic Karl Kraus in Vienna from 1899 until 1936. The distant reading experiments consist in drawing lines on maps in order to uncover patterns which are not easily retraceable during close reading. I discuss their status in the context of a digital humanities study. This is not an authoritative cartography of the work but rather an indirect depiction of the viewpoint of Kraus and his contemporaries. Drawing on Kraus' vitriolic recording of political life, toponyms in Die Fackel tell a story about the ongoing reconfiguration of Europe.
Analyze of relation between passive stiffness of pelvic girdle muscles and foot architecture in preschool children
Authors: Gogola Anna , Matyja M. , Żoczek K. , Wodzisz P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is assessment of relation between passive stiffness of chosen pelvic girdle muscles and formation of heel angle (gamma) and medial longitudinal arch (MLA; determined by the Clarke's angle (AC) ). Material/Methods: 124 preschool children underwent observation. The examined group included 46 five years old children and 78 six years old children (girls (n=53); boys (n=71). Passive stiffness of chosen muscles that have insertions within pelvis were assessed in participants and gamma and Clarke's angles were evaluated with use of plantography. Results: Analysis of ANOVA variance showed significant diversification (p<0.01) of iliopsoas muscles stiffness between groups designated in regard to gamma angle (between body sides). Statistically substantial differences of passive stiffness of hamstrings and adductors (P<0.01, respectively) was also obtained in these groups. In case of analyze of passive stiffness of pelvic girdle muscles in the groups appointed in regard to Clarke's angle the only essential effect (P<0.01) was noted within iliopsoas between body sides, but without important interactions.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of polyamide 6/flame retardant composites with hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Luchong , Fischer Andreas , Zhong Yuhua , Drummer Dietmar , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
High performance composite of polyamide 6 (PA6)/flame retardant (FR)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was prepared via twin screw extrusion, followed by injection molding. The heat dissipation of the composite was significantly improved by incorporating 40 vol% of hBN, and the corresponding thermal conductivity was up to 5.701 W/(m·K), nearly 17 times that of the PA6/FR composites. In addition, the combination effect of hBN and FR to the flame retardancy of the composites was observed, and the addition of hBN could dramatically enhance the flame retardancy of composites, achieving a UL94 V-0 rating with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 37%. This multifunctional modification would broaden the application field of PA6 composites in light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, electronic products, and so on.
Ageing and health in the Arab region: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward
Authors: Sibai Abla Mehio , Semaan Aline , Tabbara Jiana , Rizk Anthony 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn many countries of the Arab region, the demographic transition is already underway with a decrease in fertility and mortality and a rise in the proportion of older adults. Longer life expectancies and higher burden of non-communicable disease co-morbidities bring new health and social concerns to families, societies and governments. In a number of countries in the Arab region, this is compounded with political turmoil, forced displacement, dynamic migration flows and economic and social instability that deplete family cohesion and exhaust societal resources. Such challenges require systematic changes to healthcare and social services delivery. Amidst a number of strategies for interventions that aim at maximizing health and well-being in old age, we focus in this paper on three fundamental approaches that are largely lacking in the Arab region: an integrated and holistic model of healthcare, policies and programmes that incentivize ageing in place and homecare, and knowledge production addressing local concerns and priorities.
Translation of strategic ambiguity: A relevance-theoretic analysis
Authors: Al-Jarrah Rasheed S. , Abu-Dalu Ahmad M. , Obiedat Hisham 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of our current research is to see how Relevance Theory can handle one specific translation problem, namely strategic ambiguous structures. Concisely, we aim to provide a conceptual framework as to how the translator should cope with a pervasive ambiguity problem at the discoursal level. The point of departure from probably all previous models of analysis is that a relevance-theoretic analysis would, we believe, require that a “good” translation benotthe one that representsan interpretationof the text, but the one which leaves the door open for all interpretations which the original text provides evidence for. Hence,the role of translator is not to ‘interpret’ but to ‘translate’. If this is true, ambiguity resolution should not be a viable alternative. In other words, what the translator should do is empower the audience with all it takes to let them work out all the explicatures (linguistically inferred meanings) and entertain themselves with the implicatures (contextually inferred meanings) of the original. Direct Translation, along the lines laid down by Gutt (1991/2000), is the method of translation which can, we believe, bring about the desired results because “it tries to provide readers with contextual information that enables them to draw their own inferences” (Smith 2000: 92).
CO2-based hydrogen storage – Hydrogen generation from formaldehyde/water
Authors: Trincado Monica , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFormaldehyde (CH2O) is the simplest and most significant industrially produced aldehyde. The global demand is about 30 megatons annually. Industrially it is produced by oxidation of methanol under energy intensive conditions. More recently, new fields of application for the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives as, i.e. cross-linker for resins or disinfectant, have been suggested. Dialkoxymethane has been envisioned as a combustion fuel for conventional engines or aqueous formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde may act as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier molecule (LOHC) for hydrogen generation to be used for hydrogen fuel cells. For the realization of these processes, it requires less energy-intensive technologies for the synthesis of formaldehyde. This overview summarizes the recent developments in low-temperature reductive synthesis of formaldehyde and its derivatives and low-temperature formaldehyde reforming. These aspects are important for the future demands on modern societies’ energy management, in the form of a methanol and hydrogen economy, and the required formaldehyde feedstock for the manufacture of many formaldehyde-based daily products.
Wastes generated by mineral extraction industries
Authors: Wieszczycka Karolina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mineral extraction industries at each mining step generate large volume of waste, and most of them represent potentially sources of crucial metals. This chapter describes extraction and main mining processes, principal classifications of the generated wastes, as well as the chemical properties of the waste material, their disposal and further treatment to recover metals. Most of the presented technological solutions are or have been tested in real processes or using real waste materials.
Safe use of Dexamethasone in pediatrics: design and evaluation of a novel stable oral suspension
Authors: Santoveña-Estévez Ana , Dorta-Vera Diego , González-García Iris , Suárez-González Javier , Teigell-Pérez Nuria , Fariña José B 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDexamethasone is used in pediatrics mainly for treatment of croup and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Commercially available pediatric oral formulations include inadequate excipients for this population. When there are only commercially available oral dosage forms for adults, a formulation is prepared to reduce the dose by manipulation of authorized tablets or injectable dosage forms. This practice most of times is made without the quality and control that process requires. The aim of this study is to propose a formulation secure and suitable for pediatrics by the use of a Standard Operating Procedure that ensures its quality.MethodsDesign of two formulations was performed with lowest number and amount of excipients suitable for pediatrics, avoiding use of dexamethasone salts and preservatives. An accurate and precise analytical method and a methodology for analyzing uniformity of doses were developed. Physical, chemical and microbiological stability was tested.ResultsStability of Dexamethasone was improved by acidification with citric/citrate buffer. Proposed suspension complies with quality criteria required for an oral non-sterile formulation using Dexamethasone as active pharmaceutical ingredient, and the minimum number and quantity of excipients suitable for pediatrics.ConclusionsThis formulation is physical, chemical and microbiologically stable during 15 days storage at 5 and 25 °C.
Bestandskundenwettbewerb in der PKV – Betrachtungen zum Stand der Diskussion
Authors: Neusius Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Autor stellt die Vorschläge der Monopolkommission zur Ausweitung des Wettbewerbs um Bestandskunden in der Privaten Krankenversicherung (PKV) sowie die daran geäußerte Kritik vor und analysiert sie. Es wird deutlich, dass die Übertragbarkeit einer risikogerechten Alterungsrückstellung bei einem Anbieterwechsel Bestandskundenwettbewerb in der PKV ermöglichen würde. Die Befürchtung, dies stelle die nichtwechselnden Bestandskunden schlechter als diejenigen, die vom Wechselrecht Gebrauch machen, erweist sich als wenig begründet.
Homogeneous hydrolysis of thorium by thermal decomposition of urea
Authors: Wangle Tadeas , Tyrpekl Vaclav , Delloye Thierry , Larcher Olivier , Pakarinen Janne , Cardinaels Thomas , Vleugels Jozef , Verwerft Marc 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Thorium was precipitated homogeneously from a thorium nitrate solution by the thermal decomposition products of urea. The kinetics of the hydrolysis were studied at 90 and 100°C by pH measurement during the initial 5 h and the precipitation efficiencies of thorium and radium were measured over a 24 h period. Precipitation of the radium daughters was closely followed with the aim of co-precipitation of radium with thorium. The CO2 formed during urea decomposition dissolved in the solution, forming CO3
2− during the experiment upon reaching a sufficiently high pH level (>7). This allowed radium to co-precipitate partially, thus reducing the activity of the filtrate. After filtration or centrifugation, the precipitate is composed of nanocrystalline thorium dioxide (crystallite size ~10 nm), with weakly bound H2O and CO2.
Development of granular radioactive reference source from 152,154Eu adsorbed on tin tungstate matrix
Authors: El-Said H. , Ramadan H. E. , Elmaghraby Elsayed K. , Amin M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A reference source with the granular active portion was made using 152,154Eu(III) loaded tin tungstate material. Batch equilibration method was used to investigate the interaction of 152,154Eu(III) radiotracer (10−4 M) in acid solutions on tin(IV) tungstate gel matrix. The sorption behavior of 152,154Eu(III) showed high affinity towards tin(IV) tungstate gel matrix at low pH values. Tin tungstate gel matrix was loaded with 152,154Eu from batch at pH 3. Standardization of the source was done spectroscopically with reference to primary certified set of radioactive sources and with the aid of HPGe detector. Random and true coincidence summing was carried out by following-up coincidence in 152Eu and possible interference between γ lines of 152Eu and 154Eu. The relation between the grain size and the activity of samples was studied. Correction factor for capsule attenuation was applied.
Solubilities and solubility products of thorium hydroxide under moderate temperature conditions
Authors: Nishikawa Shogo , Kobayashi Taishi , Sasaki Takayuki , Takagi Ikuji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Th solubilities of the sample solutions that initially contained Th(OH)4(am) prepared by undersaturation and oversaturation methods in the pHcrange of 2.0–8.0 in a 0.5 M ionic strength solution of NaClO4and HClO4and stored at aging temperatures (Ta) of 298, 313 and 333 K were investigated in this study. After a certain period of time up to 40 weeks depending onTa, supernatants of the sample solutions were ultrafiltrated through 3 kDa membranes under the measurement temperature (Tm) of 298, 313 and 333 K. Size distributions of the colloidal species were investigated by ultrafiltration using membranes with different pore sizes ranging from 3 to 100 kDa, and the solid phases were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solubility of the sample solutions obtained after aging atTa=298 K using undersaturation method with continuous shaking was similar to those of dried precipitate of Th hydroxide. The solubilities obtained after aging atTa=313 and 333 K were lower than those atTa=298 K. The XRD spectra suggested that the crystallization of the solid phase proceeded under these elevated temperatures. The solubility of the sample solutions obtained after aging atTa=333 K using the oversaturation technique were similar to those prepared by undersaturation method and aged at the sameTa. A slight temperature dependence of the apparent solubilities on theTmwas observed in the sample solutions prepared by both methods. The solubility products$({K_{{\text{sp,}}{T_{\text{a}}}}}({T_{\text{m}}}))$after differentTaandTmwere determined from the solubility analysis. The observed increase in the formation constant$({K_{{\text{s,}}{T_{\text{a}}}}}({T_{\text{m}}}))$of Th4++(4+x)H2O(1)⇌Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta)+4H+with increasingTmindicated that the reaction was endothermic. The enthalpy change$(\Delta_{r}H_{m\_ T_{\text{a}} \to {\text{cr}}}^{\circ} )$between the solid phases of Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta) and ThO2(cr) suggested that the solid phase transformation from Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta) to ThO2(cr) contains an endothermic process.
Microgels as efficient adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from aqueous medium
Authors: Naseem Khalida , Hussain Farooqi Zahoor , Zia Ur Rehman Muhammad , Atiq Ur Rehman Muhammad , Ghufran Maida 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDue to their responsive behavior, high stability, and reusability, microgels have gained importance as adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants such as heavy metals, nitroarenes, organic matter, and toxic dyes. However, there are few challenges that need to be addressed to make microgels as potential adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants. This review article encircles the recent developments in the field of microgel usage as adsorbents for the extraction of aqueous pollutants. Many factors that influence the adsorption of pollutants such as pH, temperature of the medium, agitation time, pollutant concentration, microgel dose, and feed contents of microgels have been discussed in detail. Different adsorption isotherms as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption process have also been enlightened to interpret the insight of the adsorption process. Microgel recovery from the reaction mixture as well as reusability is discussed from the financial point of view. The biodegradability of microgels induced due to the incorporation of specific biomacromolecules is also discussed.
Neurological and psychiatric disorders in psoriasis
Authors: Amanat Man , Salehi Mona , Rezaei Nima 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Psoriasis used to be known as a skin disorder; however, it can now be considered as a systemic disease with the involvement of multiple organs. Neurological and psychiatric disorders are some of the associated problems that can be observed in patients with psoriasis. Stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizure, migraine, restless leg syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis are the reported neurological diseases, while depression, bipolar mood disorder, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment, personality disorders, sexual disorders, sleep disturbance, and eating disorders are the recognized psychiatric presentations in patients with psoriasis. Herein, the neurological and psychiatric disorders of psoriasis are described.
Incorporating oxygen-free copper to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded joints for aluminum alloys
Authors: Huang Her-Yueh , Yang Chung-Wei , Deng Wen-Yao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The main objective of the present work was to establish a friction-stir-welding process to weld dissimilar metal joints on AA6082 and AA6066 aluminum alloy plates. Joints were made while varying tool rotation speed at a constant traveling speed and at the same time adding oxygen-free copper reinforcement inside the weld nugget for the purpose of analyzing the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the joint. Results showed that the morphology of the microstructure in the weld nugget changed significantly with rotation speed. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses revealed that oxygen-free copper particles could be uniformly dispersed into the weld nugget because of higher rotation speeds. Because of the presence of reinforcement particles homogenously distributed inside the nugget zone, the mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness of weld joint, were greatly improved.