bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triarchic psychopathy and deficits in facial affect recognition
Authors: Mowle Elyse N. , Edens John F. , Ruchensky Jared R. , Penson Brittany N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveImpaired socialization due to amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a factor underlying psychopathy. Supporting this hypothesis, some research indicates that psychopathy is associated with deficits in facial affect recognition, but other studies have failed to find such a relationship. This study investigated whether healthy young adults elevated in psychopathic traits displayed deficits in identifying facial affective displays overall as well as deficits specific to fear recognition.MethodFacial affect recognition was measured in a sample of 110 undergraduate men (n = 36) and women (n = 74). Participants completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and participants' eye gaze was measured using ASL Eye Trac 6. The facial affect recognition task was created using the NimStim facial expression stimuli.ResultsIndividuals elevated in psychopathic traits did not display deficits in recognition of emotional faces overall or for fearful faces compared to individuals lower in psychopathic traits. However, meanness was negatively correlated with fear identification.ConclusionsWe conclude that deficient emotion processing in psychopathic individuals may be specific to ambiguous affective expressions. We discuss implications for the study of psychopathy and emotion processing.
Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance
Authors: Gocłowska Małgorzata A. , Ritter Simone M. , Elliot Andrew J. , Baas Matthijs 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveNovelty seeking (the tendency to explore things novel and unfamiliar) has been extensively researched in the clinical and health domains, but its effects on creative performance are largely unknown. We examined whether creativity‐related personality traits (openness to experience and extraversion) are associated with novelty seeking, and whether novelty seeking is linked to, and facilitates, creativity.MethodIn Study 1a (N = 230; Mage = 20; 64% females) and Study 1b (N = 421; Mage = 19; 65% females), we measured extraversion, openness to experience, novelty seeking, and divergent thinking. To provide causal evidence for the relation between novelty seeking and creativity, in Study 2 (N = 147; Mage = 27; 75% females), we manipulated people's motivation to seek novelty and then measured subsequent divergent thinking.ResultsIn Studies 1a and 1b, we demonstrated that trait novelty seeking is associated with openness and extraversion, on the one hand, and divergent thinking on the other. In Study 2, the novelty seeking manipulation led to greater divergent thinking.ConclusionsWe conclude that novelty seeking is linked to openness to experience and extraversion, and that it can lead to greater divergent thinking.
Community water fluoridation online: an analysis of the digital media ecosystem
Authors: Helmi Mohammad , Spinella Mary Kate , Seymour Brittany 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesResearch demonstrates the safety and efficacy of community water fluoridation (CWF). Yet, the digitization of communication has triggered the spread of inaccurate information online. The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of CWF information dissemination by a network of sources on the web.MethodsWe used Media Cloud, a searchable big data platform of over 550 million stories from 50 thousand sources, along with tools to analyze that archive. We generated a network of fluoridation publishers using Media Cloud's keyword identification from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2016. We defined the media type and sentiment toward CWF for each source and generated a network map of the most influential sources during our study period based on hyperlinking activity.ResultsMedia Cloud detected a total of 980 stories from 325 different sources related to water fluoridation. We identified nine different media types participating in the dissemination of information: academic, government, scientific group, natural medicine, blogs, mainstream media, advocacy groups, user‐generated (e.g., YouTube), and “other.” We detected five sub‐networks within the overall fluoridation network map, each with its own characteristics. Twenty‐one percent of sources were pro‐fluoridation, receiving 57 percent of all inlinks, 22 percent of sources were anti‐fluoridation, and the rest were neutral (54 percent).ConclusionsThe dominant neutral sentiment of the network may signify that anti‐ and pro‐sides of the debate are viewed as balanced, not just in number but also in quality of information. Despite high inlinks to pro‐sources, anti‐fluoridation sentiment maintains influence online.
Antimicrobial activity of preparations after combined cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains
Authors: Balabekyan Ts. R. , Karapetyan K. J. , Khachatryan T. V. , Khachatryan G. E. , Tatikyan S. Sh. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUse of antimicrobials in both human and animal populations over the past several decades has led to the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria populations that are resistant to many commercially available drugs. For example, acquired resistance to first‐line antimicrobial agents increasingly complicates the management of extra‐intestinal infections due to Escherichia coli, which are a major source of illness and death. The continued development of new classes of natural antimicrobial agents, possessing antibacterial activity, has become of increasing importance for medicine and veterinary. So, selection of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains for their combined cultivation with the aim of increasing of the activity is topical. It was shown that during combined cultivation of the lactic acid bacteria with probiotic properties and yeast strains, antimicrobial activity depends on the genus and species to which the strain of lactic acid bacteria and yeast belongs. They inhibited the growth of multidrug‐resistant bacteria with better efficiency. Increasing of the antimicrobial activity can be explained by the synergetic effect of products of cultures metabolism and by interaction between lactic acid bacteria cells with the cell wall of yeasts. Our data showed perspectives of combined cultivation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria for creation of a new class of antimicrobial preparations with high antibacterial activity and broad spectrum of action. Preparation can be recommended for treatment of animals.
Changes in the regulation and activity of glutathione redox system, and lipid peroxidation processes in short‐term aflatoxin B1 exposure in liver of laying hens
Authors: Erdélyi M. , Balogh K. , Pelyhe C. , Kövesi B. , Nakade M. , Zándoki E. , Mézes M. , Kovács B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the short‐term (48 hr) effects of feeding aflatoxin contaminated diet (170.3 μg/kg AFB1) in 49‐week‐old laying hens. Liver samples were taken at 12‐hr intervals. Feed intake, body weight, absolute and relative liver weight were the same in groups. However, there was no feed intake during both dark periods (between 12nd to 24th and 36th to 48th hours of the experiment); therefore, aflatoxin intake was also negligible. Markers of initial phase of lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes and trienes did not change as effect of aflatoxin, but terminal marker, malondialdehyde content was significantly higher at 12 hr as effect of aflatoxin. No significant difference was found in reduced glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity between the groups. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 gene (GPX4) was significantly reduced due to aflatoxin treatment at 12 and 24 hr, but induced later, while glutathione reductase gene (GSR) expression was significantly lower at 24 hr and glutathione synthetase gene (GSS) in aflatoxin‐treated group at 12 hr. The results suggest that aflatoxin induced oxygen‐free radical formation, but it did not reach critical level during this short period of time to cause activation of the expression of glutathione system.
Is Detecting a Target in a Compound Geometric Shape Influenced by Stimulus Density? A Developmental Study
Authors: Pouretemad Hamidreza , Mokhtari Setareh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe studied the pattern of performance in elementary school children and adults detecting a target in compound geometric shapes. The target was randomly presented at the global, local, or neither level of compound shapes with different elemental density. A significant difference between the pattern of performance in children and adults emerged when the geometric shape was constructed with fewer constituent parts. That is, children showed difficulties in recognizing the global level while adults could efficiently process it. We suggest that global processing continues to develop as children grow older. Also, integration ability could benefit from increasing familiarity with the geometric concepts.
Novel green algal isolates from the Egyptian hyper‐arid desert oases: a polyphasic approach with a description of Pharao desertorum gen. et sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Saber Abdullah A. , Fučíková Karolina , McManus Hilary A. , Guella Graziano , Cantonati Marco 
Published: March 2018

The biodiversity of terrestrial algae is still grossly understudied, and African deserts in particular are barely touched in this respect. Here, four coccoid green algae from oases in the Western Desert of Egypt were characterized using a combination of morphotaxonomic, ecological and 18S rDNA data, with additional carotenoid and lipid analyses for two of the strains. Three strains were identified as affiliated with known taxa: Mychonastes sp., Asterarcys sp. (first report of this genus from a desert soil), and Stichococcus cf. deasonii. The fourth strain is proposed to represent a new cryptic genus Pharao gen. nov., with the type species P. desertorum sp. nov. The new taxon is sister to the clade of uncharacterized North American desert strains of Radiococcaceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta). The pigment profile of P. desertorum gen. et sp. nov. revealed carotenoids and chlorophylls typical of green algae. Bioorganic analysis showed a complex lipidome based on phospho‐ (PC), galacto‐ (MGDG and DGDG), betaine‐ (DGTS), and sulfoquinovosyl‐ (SQDG) membrane lipids, besides significant amounts of storage neutral lipids such as diacyl‐ (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG). The presence of saturated alkyl chains within all the membrane lipid classes in P. desertorum and Asterarcys sp. appears to reflect the need to maintain membrane fluidity and viscosity. In summary, African deserts likely still harbor new taxa to be described, and lipidomic analyses of such taxa may provide clues about their ability to survive in the extremely harsh desert habitats.
Increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators following one‐stage full‐mouth scaling and root planing
Authors: Morozumi T. , Yashima A. , Gomi K. , Ujiie Y. , Izumi Y. , Akizuki T. , Mizutani K. , Takamatsu H. , Minabe M. , Miyauchi S. , Yoshino T. , Tanaka M. , Tanaka Y. , Hokari T. , Yoshie H. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectiveFull‐mouth scaling and root planing (FM‐SRP) acts as a potent inflammatory stimulus immediately after treatment; however, systemic inflammation typically improves in the long term. The contribution of FM‐SRP to systemic biological and acute‐phase responses is largely unknown. The purpose of this prospective intervention study was to assess the systemic and local biological responses after FM‐SRP.Material and MethodsThirty‐one patients with generalized moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis received 1‐stage FM‐SRP. Measurement of clinical parameters and body temperature as well as collection of subgingival plaque, peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid was performed before and after treatment 2 or 3 times. Quantification of periodontopathic bacteria in the sulcus and measurement of corresponding serum IgG titers were performed. Systemic and local inflammatory markers such as endotoxin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and 6 inflammatory cytokines were assessed using high‐sensitivity assays.ResultsCompared to baseline values, FM‐SRP resulted in a substantial improvement in clinical parameters (P < .05), lower bacterial counts (P < .01) and a significant decrease of IgG titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P < .001) 6 weeks after treatment. Comparing baseline parameters to those at 1 day post‐treatment, there was a statistically significant elevation in body temperature (P = .007). In addition, a 5‐fold increase in hs‐CRP (P < .001), a remarkable increase in interferon‐γ (P < .001) and a slight increase in interleukin (IL)‐12p70 (P = .001) were detected in serum samples. In the gingival crevicular fluid, marked increases in hs‐CRP (P < .001), IL‐5 (P = .001), IL‐6, IL‐12p70 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (P < .001 for the latter 3 markers) were noted 1 day after treatment. Endotoxin levels were below measurable limits for most time points.ConclusionFM‐SRP resulted in clinical and microbiological improvement 6 weeks post‐treatment, but produced a moderate systemic acute‐phase response including elevated inflammatory mediators 1 day post‐treatment.
Nicotine inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells under cyclic tensile stress through canonical Wnt pathway and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Yu W. , Hu B. , Shi X. , Cao Z. , Ren M. , He Z. , Lin J. , Deng H. , Hu R. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesNicotine, the main psychoactive component of tobacco, affects cell metabolism, proliferation, adhesion and, importantly, the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. Approximately 15% of all orthodontic patients are adults among who one‐fifth are smokers. Hence, it is necessary to have insight into the effects of nicotine on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs during orthodontic tooth movement. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of nicotine on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under the application of cyclic tensile stress.Material and MethodshPDLCs were obtained from donor third molars. The hPDLCs were treated with nicotine and/or cyclic tensile stress that was applied with a cell stress plus unit. The effect of nicotine on cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.ResultsIn combination with cyclic tensile stress, nicotine prevented the tensile stress‐induced increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, formation of mineralization nodules and the upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of Runt‐related transcription factor 2, transcription factor Sp7 and collagen type I; however, canonical Wnt pathway was activated. Furthermore, the addition of Dickkopf‐related protein 1 and α‐bungarotoxin counteracted the negative effect of nicotine and rescued the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, respectively.ConclusionThese results indicate that nicotine prevents the increased osteogenic potential of hPDLCs induced by cyclic tensile stress by binding to an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and activating the canonical Wnt pathway.
Reticulocytosis in non‐anaemic cats and dogs
Authors: Fuchs J. , Moritz A. , Grußendorf E. , Lechner J. , Neuerer F. , Nickel R. , Rieker T. , Schwedes C. , DeNicola D. B. , Russell J. , Bauer N. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proportion of blood samples diagnosed with reticulocytosis without anaemia in cats and dogs and report the aetiology and mortality rate of affected animals.Materials and MethodsRetrospective multicentre study including haematological examination of 3956 cats and 11,087 dogs admitted to seven German veterinary clinics (2012 to 2014). The proportion of blood samples with reticulocytosis without anaemia was calculated, and after exclusion of multiple measurements of the same animal, clinical data were evaluated. Animals with reticulocytosis without anaemia were classified as healthy or diseased, and diseased patients were assigned to 12 disease groups. Pretreatment (i.e. non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, dipyrone) was recorded.ResultsThe proportion of blood samples with reticulocytosis without anaemia was 3·1% (124/3956) in cats and 4·4% (492/11,087) in dogs. Overall, 1·8% (2/111) of cats and 1·5% (7/458) of dogs with reticulocytosis without anaemia were healthy. Blood loss/anaemia, cardiac/respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer were the most frequent underlying diseases. Pretreatment was noted in 39·5% (43/111) of cats and 42·4% (194/458) of dogs. The mortality rate was 37·8% (42/111) in cats and 29·7% (136/458) in dogs with reticulocytosis without anaemia; the median survival time in non‐survivors was 1 day (range: 0 to 376 days in cats, 0 to 444 days in dogs).Clinical SignificanceIn both species, reticulocytosis without anaemia was observed in a low proportion of blood samples (dogs>cat). Though a bias towards sick animals is possible in our sample, reticulocytosis without anaemia was mainly seen in diseased animals and associated with a mortality rate of approximately one‐third of patients.
CT cholangiography in dogs with gallbladder mucocoele
Authors: Hayakawa S. , Sato K. , Sakai M. , Kutara K. , Asano K. , Watari T. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo summarise CT cholangiography findings in dogs with gallbladder mucocoele.Materials and MethodsEach of 10 dogs with gallbladder mucocoele underwent CT cholangiography using meglumine iotroxate before cholecystectomy. The following structures of the biliary system were evaluated: the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder.ResultsThe hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder were imaged by contrast‐enhanced CT cholangiography. The passage of the contrast medium through the bile duct into the duodenum was visible in nine dogs. The curved planar reformation images of two dogs showed they had filling defects in the bile duct system. In one dog with hyperbilirubinaemia due to chronic hepatitis, the bile duct system was not completely contrast‐enhanced. Surgical exploration revealed no evidence of common bile duct obstruction in any dog.Clinical SignificanceCT cholangiography delineates the structural characteristics of the biliary system and partially estimates its patency in dogs with gallbladder mucocoele. Therefore this procedure may be useful as a preoperative screen of the bile duct system in dogs with gallbladder mucocoele.
An improved metagenomic strategy reveals an unprecedentedly high level of intragenomic polymorphism of ribosomal DNA in three species of Camellia
Authors: Shao Yang , Zhang Min , Xu Ying , Zhu Yong‐Qing , Yonezawa Takahiro , Wang Yu‐Guo , Song Zhi‐Ping , Zhang Wen‐Ju 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats of more and more species have been found to be polymorphic in the genome, and the understanding of this polymorphism is conducive not only to eliminating potential chaos in the metagenomic analysis (MGA), but also to providing rich information on rDNA evolution. In this study, the MGA previously used for the study of environmental microbial diversity was improved and extended to detect the intragenomic polymorphism (IGP) of rDNA in three species of Camellia L. The 3′‐end region of 26S rDNA of three individuals was amplified using degenerate primer pairs. Three annealing temperatures were applied to obtain as many ribotypes as possible, and equimolar amplicons from the three species were then pooled and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. An incredibly high level of IGP of rDNA was found in all three species. Nearly all of the ribotypes detected from this study were rDNA pseudogenes, and most of them have existed for a long time in the genome, with some generated from several rapid expansions. Our procedure provided an effective technique for detection of IGP of rDNA, and the particular evolutionary information of rDNAs in Camellia was also exploited.
A systematic review of pediatric self‐report symptom measures: Congruence with the theory of unpleasant symptoms
Authors: von Sadovszky Victoria , Christensen Emily , Jennings Bonnie Mowinski , Miller Susi , Hosley Stephanie , Drought Liesl , Lenz Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeMany children and adolescents experience unpleasant symptoms due to acute and chronic illnesses. Several symptom measures specific to children and adolescents are available to assess unpleasant symptoms. What is unclear is how well these measures assess all dimensions of the symptom experience. Using the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS) as a guide, the purpose of this systematic review of self‐report symptom measures was to examine the comprehensiveness of current symptom measures designed to assess children's and adolescents’ symptom experiences.ConclusionsThe TOUS did not guide the development of any of the measures studied; hence, exact parallels were not expected. Currently, no pediatric self‐report symptom measures were found that assessed all dimensions of the symptom experience. Four measures captured three dimensions: intensity, timing, and distress. Only two measures assessed quality.Practice ImplicationsPractitioners need to be aware of the dimensions reflected in commonly used symptom measures. Augmentation of these measures is needed in order to assess the entire symptom experience in children and adolescents.
Was Blumer a cognitivist? Assessing an ethnomethodological critique
Authors: Hammersley Martyn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA major target of criticism for ethnomethodology has been cognitivism. In its broadest sense this term refers to any account of human behaviour that treats psychological features of agents – including beliefs, attitudes, and interpretations – as factors explaining their behaviour. While much criticism of cognitivism has been directed at neuroscientists and philosophical materialists, the range of targets has been wider than this, even including sociologists such as Herbert Blumer and symbolic interactionists. In this article I outline this criticism of Blumer and assess it. My conclusion is that, despite some misreading, his work does fall into the broad category of cognitivism. However, I question the grounds for the ethnomethodological critique.