bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Correlates of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use in the United States, 2016–2017
Authors: Spears Claire Adams , Jones Dina M. , Weaver Scott R. , Huang Jidong , Yang Bo , Pechacek Terry F. , Eriksen Michael P. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To investigate use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among priority populations. Methods. Using 2016 through 2017 US nationally representative surveys (n = 11 688), we examined ENDS use by sociodemographic variables (age, education, poverty status, insurance, employment, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) and combustible tobacco use. Results. Among individuals who currently use noncigarette combustible tobacco, those from certain backgrounds (young adults, those living below the poverty level, those less educated, sexual minorities, Blacks, Hispanics, and those without health insurance) were more likely to use ENDS. Among current cigarette smokers, those who were younger, living at or above poverty (ever use), with higher education (current use), sexual minority, and non-Black were more likely to use ENDS. Conclusions. Associations between sociodemographic variables and ENDS use varied depending on combustible tobacco use status, highlighting the need to consider multiple types of tobacco products to understand ENDS use among priority populations. The impact on tobacco disparities will ultimately depend on whether ENDS are used to transition completely away from combustible tobacco products and how this may differ across priority populations who use diverse tobacco products.
Changes in Veterans’ Coverage and Access to Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011–2017
Authors: Kelley A. Taylor , Tipirneni Renuka , Levy Helen 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on US veterans’ access to care. Methods. We used US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to compare measures of veterans’ coverage and access to care, including primary care, for 3-year periods before (2011–2013) and after (2015–2017) ACA coverage provisions went into effect. We used difference-in-differences analyses to compare changes in Medicaid expansion states with those in nonexpansion states. Results. Coverage increased and fewer delays in care were reported in both expansion and nonexpansion states after 2014, with larger effects among low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor health subgroups. Coverage increases were significantly larger in expansion states than in nonexpansion states. Reports of cost-related delays, no usual source of care, and no checkup within 12 months generally improved in expansion states relative to nonexpansion states, but improvements were small; changes were mixed among veterans with low SES or poor health. Conclusions. Increases in insurance coverage among nonelderly veterans after ACA coverage expansions did not consistently translate into improved access to care. Additional study is needed to understand persisting challenges in veterans’ access to care.
Medical Use and Misuse of Prescription Opioids in the US Adult Population: 2016–2017
Authors: Griesler Pamela C. , Hu Mei-Chen , Wall Melanie M. , Kandel Denise B. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To characterize prescription opioid medical users and misusers among US adults. Methods. We used the 2016–2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health to compare medical prescription opioid users with misusers without prescriptions, misusers of own prescriptions, and misusers with both types of misuse. Multinomial logistic regressions identified substance use characteristics and mental and physical health characteristics that distinguished the groups. Results. Among prescription opioid users, 12% were misusers; 58% of misusers misused their own prescriptions. Misusers had higher rates of substance use than did medical users. Compared with with-prescription-only misusers, without-and-with-prescription misusers and without-prescription-only misusers had higher rates of marijuana use and benzodiazepine misuse; without-and-with-prescription misusers had higher rates of heroin use. Compared with without-prescription-only misusers, without-and-with-prescription and with-prescription-only misusers had higher rates of prescription opioid use disorder. Most misusers, especially with-prescription-only misusers, used prescription opioids to relieve pain. Misusers were more likely to be depressed than medical users. Conclusions. Prescription opioid misusers who misused both their own prescriptions and prescription opioid drugs not prescribed to them may be most at risk for overdose. Prescription opioid misuse is a polysubstance use problem.
Increasing Organ Donor Designation Rates in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Boger Matthew , DuBay Derek , Fleishman Aaron 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of video messaging on adolescent organ donor designation rates. Methods. We randomized adolescent driver education classes in Massachusetts, between July 2015 and February 2018, to receive 1 of 3 organ donation video messaging interventions (informational, testimonial, or blended). Adolescents completed questionnaires before and after the intervention and at 1-week follow-up; we compared their registration status at time of obtaining driver’s license with that of a regionally matched historical comparison group. Results. Donor designation rates were higher for those exposed to video messaging than for the historical comparison group (60% vs 50%; P < .001). Testimonial (64%) and blended messaging (65%) yielded higher donor designation rates than informational messaging (51%; P = .013). There was a statistically significant messaging × time interaction effect for donation knowledge (P = .03), with blended and informational messaging showing more gains in knowledge from before to after the intervention (P < .001; d = 0.69 and P < .001; d = 0.45, respectively), compared with testimonial messaging (d = 0.09; P = .22). Conclusions. Testimonial messaging is most effective in producing a verifiable and demonstrable impact on donor designation rates among adolescents, and driver education classes are an efficient venue for disseminating organ donation messaging to youths. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT03013816.
A 15-Year Population-Based Investigation of Sexual Assault Cases Across the Province of Ontario, Canada, 2002–2016
Authors: Muldoon Katherine , Smith Glenys , Talarico Robert , Heimerl Melissa , McLean Cheynne , Sampsel Kari , Manuel Douglas 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To estimate the population-level frequencies and standardized rates of sexual assault cases in the province of Ontario, Canada. Methods. We conducted a 15-year retrospective analysis (2002–2016) of sexual assault cases by linking 5 provincial administrative health databases. We defined sexual assault by an algorithm of 23 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, and physician billing codes. We calculated age- and sex-stratified standardized rates per 100 000 census population, and we used age- and sex-stratified Poisson regressions to determine annual rate ratios. Results. Between 2002 and 2016, there were 52 780 incident cases of sexual assault in Ontario at a rate of 27.38 per 100 000 population. The highest rates were found among females aged 15 to 19 years (187 per 100 000) and 20 to 24 years (127 per 100 000). Among males, the highest rates were observed among children aged 0 to 4 years (41 per 100 000) and 5 to 9 years (29 per 10 000). Among males and females, the annual rate ratio increased among those aged 15 years and older and decreased among those aged 14 years and younger. Conclusions. Sexual assault was documented across all age groups and sexes, from children to elders, with high standardized rates among adolescents and children.
Post-Legalization Opening of Retail Cannabis Stores and Adult Cannabis Use in Washington State, 2009–2016
Authors: Everson Erik M. , Dilley Julia A. , Maher Julie E. , Mack Curtis E. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To assess the relationship between adult cannabis use and time-varying local measures of retail cannabis market presence before and after legalization (2012) and market opening (2014) in Washington State. Methods. We used 2009 to 2016 data on 85 135 adults’ current (any) and frequent (20 or more days) past-month cannabis use from the Washington Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System linked to local retailer proximity and density. Multilevel models predicted use over time, accounting for nesting within communities. Results. Current and frequent cannabis use grew significantly between 2009 and 2016; use did not significantly change immediately after legalization but increased subsequently with greater access to cannabis retailers. Specifically, current use increased among adults living in areas within 18 miles of a retailer and, especially, within 0.8 miles (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.69). Frequent use increased among adults living within 0.8 miles of a retailer (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.15, 1.77). Results related to geospatial retailer density were consistent. Conclusions. Increasing cannabis retail access was associated with increased current and frequent use. Public Health Implications. Policymakers might consider density limits as a strategy for preventing heavy cannabis use among adults.
Vascularized Fibular Grafting in Treatment of Femoral Neck Nonunion
Authors: Yin Jimin , Zhu Hongyi , Gao Yanchun , Zhang Changqing 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and prognostic factors predicting success of revision surgery with free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for treatment of femoral neck nonunion.

Methods:
We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent revision surgery with FVFG between January 2001 and January 2013 in a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 98 patients with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included for analysis. The criteria for FVFG failure were conversion to hip arthroplasty, recommendation for a hip arthroplasty, or a Harris hip score of <80 points. Demographic information, the preoperative neck shortening ratio (NSR), the fixation method, and postoperative radiographic parameters including the postoperative NSR and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were recorded for prognostic analysis.

Results:
At an average of 9.8 ± 3.5 years (range, 3 to 17 years) postoperatively, the overall success rate of this surgical procedure was 77% (75 of 98). The success and failure groups had no significant differences in age, fixation method, interval between initial fixation and revision surgery, or postoperative NSA. The success group had a significantly higher NSR than the failure group both preoperatively (77.8% versus 62.4%, p < 0.001) and postoperatively (87.6% versus 78.4%, p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff for preoperative NSR of 60% to predict the outcome. Patients with a preoperative NSR of >60% had a success rate of 91% (68 of 75).

Conclusions:
Revision surgery with FVFG and internal fixation is an effective and important option for treating nonunion of the femoral neck in young patients without severe preoperative shortening and neck resorption (preoperative NSR of >60%).

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acquired Idiopathic Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E. , Limberg Afton K. , Salib Christopher G. , Ahmed Ahmed T. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: July 2019

Background:Stiffness is a common reason for suboptimal clinical outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty (pTKA). There is a lack of consensus regarding its definition, which is often conflated with its histopathologic subcategory—i.e., arthrofibrosis. There is value in refining the definition of acquired idiopathic stiffness in an effort to select for patients with arthrofibrosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish a consensus definition of acquired idiopathic stiffness, determine its prevalence after pTKA, and identify potential risk factors for its development.Methods:MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus databases were searched from 2002 to 2017. Studies that included patients with stiffness after pTKA were screened with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to isolate the subset of patients with acquired idiopathic stiffness unrelated to known extrinsic or surgical causes. Three authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias and collected data. Outcomes of interest were then analyzed according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).Results:In the 35 included studies (48,873 pTKAs), the mean patient age was 66 years. In 63% of the studies, stiffness was defined as a range of motion of <90° or a flexion contracture of >5° at 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness after pTKA was 4%, and this did not differ according to age (4%, I2= 95%, among patients <65 years old and 5%, I2= 96%, among those ≥65 years old; p = 0.238). The prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness was significantly lower in males (1%, I2= 85%) than females (3%, I2= 95%) (p < 0.0001) as well as in patients with a BMI of <30 kg/m2(2%, I2= 94%) compared with those with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2(5%, I2= 97%) (p = 0.027).Conclusions:Contemporary literature supports the following definition for acquired idiopathic stiffness: a range of motion of <90° persisting for >12 weeks after pTKA in patients in the absence of complicating factors including preexisting stiffness. The mean prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness after pTKA was 4%; females and obese patients were at increased risk.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Controls On Sedimentation and Cyclicity of the Boquillas and Equivalent Eagle Ford Formation from Detailed Outcrop Studies of Western and Central Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: Lehrmann Daniel J. , Yang Wan , Sickmann Zachary T. , Ferrill David A. , McGinnis Ronald N. , Morris Alan P. , Smart Kevin J. , Gulliver Kirk D.H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFacies of the Boquillas and equivalent Eagle Ford Formation can be assigned to two associations: a hydrodynamically recycled association and a pelagic association. The hydrodynamically recycled association is composed of lenticular to continuous cross-laminated lime packstone–grainstone, heterolithic facies, and intraclastic grainstone conglomerate with intercalated calcareous mudrock. Sharp bedding contacts, abundant scours, ripple cross-lamination, oscillatory-current indicators, hummocky cross-bedding, and rounded clasts indicate recycling of the bottom sediments by storms and bottom currents above storm wave base (SWB). The pelagic association is composed of continuous lime packstone to grainstone and chalk beds with intercalated calcareous mudrock. Gradational contacts and planar lamination indicate dominant deposition by pelagic rain, but scour surfaces, coarse-fine alternations, and ripple cross-laminae indicate the influence of bottom currents below SWB.Vertical shifts between the hydrodynamically recycled association, interpreted to represent storm agitation of the seafloor during falls in sea level, alternate with the pelagic association and define four sequence boundaries and three depositional sequences with a lower-order periodicity (third-order periodicity, ca. average 2.4 My). Sequence boundaries correspond approximately to member boundaries recognized by gamma-ray profiles. Spectral analysis reveals higher-frequency mudrock–carbonate cycles prominent in the pelagic association, likely resulting from Milankovitch climate forcing of planktonic carbonate productivity versus clay flux. Comparison of gamma-corrected spectra with absolute age constraints reveals that the Ernst Tinaja section (in Big Bend National Park) is less than 28% complete. This is interpreted to result from abundant depositional hiatuses and erosional gaps that occur at the bed scale and at member boundaries within and bounding the Eagle Ford Formation.We demonstrate that deep-marine pelagic deposits in epicratonic settings may be subject to a complex interaction of depositional processes including pelagic rain and recycling by bottom currents and wave-generated currents modulated by low-frequency sea-level fluctuation and high-frequency fluctuations in sediment supply.
Drug plasma trough concentrations during treatment with daclatasvir and sofosbuvir are associated respectively with liver impairment and with renal dysfunction in HIV/HCV co-infected patients
Authors: Mastrorosa Ilaria , Tempestilli Massimo , Notari Stefania , Lorenzini Patrizia , Fabbri Gabriele , Lupi Federico , Bellagamba Rita , Vergori Alessandra , Zaccarelli Mauro , Agrati Chiara , Antinori Andrea , Ammasari Adriana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Sofosbuvir (SOF) plus daclatasvir (DCV) achieved high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) with no difference according to HIV serostatus. Only limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics variability of SOF and DCV in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Aim was to evaluate the association of plasma drug concentrations (Ctrough) of SOF and of DCV with patient-, treatment-, and disease-related factors in the real-world setting of HIV/HCV co-infected persons.

Methods

HIV/HCV co-infected patients, undergoing SOF plus DCV treatment, were prospectively enrolled. At baseline, week4 (W4), end of treatment (EOT), and after-EOT, biochemical and viro-immunological parameters were assessed. FIB-4 score and CKD-EPI equation were used for estimation of liver disease and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. SOF, SOF metabolite (GS-331007), and DCV Ctrough were measured at W4 and week8 (W8), and the mean value (mean-Ctrough) was calculated

Results

Thirty-five patients were included (SVR 94%). Increasing GS-331007 mean-Ctrough significantly correlated with decreasing eGFR at W4 (rho=-0.36; p=0.037) and EOT (rho=-0.34; p=0.048). Between DCV mean-Ctrough and FIB-4, a significant correlation was observed at all time-points: baseline (rho=-0.35; p=0.037), W4 (rho=-0.44; p=0.008), EOT (rho=-0.40; p=0.023), after-EOT (rho=-0.39; p=0.028).

Conclusion

In HIV/HCV co-infected patients receiving SOF plus DCV, plasma drug concentrations are associated with renal dysfunction for GS-331007 and with liver impairment for DCV. Though clinical and therapeutically relevance of these findings may apparently be limited, growth of clinicians’ knowledge on DAA exposure in difficult-to-treat patients, as cirrhotic and renal impaired subjects, can be relevant in single cases.
Three-dimensional photographic analysis of the face in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion: reference anthropometric measurements
Authors: López-Mateos María Luisa Menendez , Carreño Javier Carreño , Palma Juan Carlos , ALARCON JOSE ANTONIO , López-Mateos Cristina Menendez , Menéndez-Núñez Mario 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Recent non-invasive 3D photography method has been applied to facial analysis, offering numerous advantages in orthodontic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the faces of a sample of healthy European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion in order to establish reference facial soft tissue anthropometric parameters in this specific geographic-ethnic population, as well as to analyze sexual dimorphism.

Methods

A sample of 100 healthy adult volunteers consisting of 50 women (mean age, 22.92 ± 1.56 years) and 50 men (mean age, 22.37 ± 2.12 years) were enrolled in this study. All participants had normal occlusion, skeletal Class I, mesofacial pattern, and healthy body mass index. Three-dimensional photographs of the faces were captured non-invasively using Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace®. Thirty landmarks related to the face, eyes, nose, and orolabial and chin areas were identified.

Results

Male displayed higher values in all vertical and transversal dimensions, with the exception of the lower lip height. Larger differences between sexes were observed in face, mandible, and nose. Male also had higher values in the angular measurements which referred to the nose. No sex differences were found in transverse upper lip prominence or transverse mandibular prominence. No differences were found in the ratio measurements, with the exception of intercantal width/nasal width, which was higher in women than in men.

Conclusions

Reference anthropometric measurements of facial soft tissues have been established in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion. Significant sexual dimorphism was found, with remarkable differences in size between sexes.
Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis Reveal the Potential Function of Annexin Genes in Response to Abiotic stress, Calcium and Hormones in Cassava (Manihot esculeta Crantz)
Authors: Li Ruimei , Wang Yuqing , Zhou Yangjiao , Qiu Tingting , Song Yu , Yao Yuan , Liu Jiao , Fu Shaoping , Hu Xinwen , He Yingdui , Guo Jianchun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

The calcium (Ca2+)-dependent phospholipid binding protein annexin gene family, which is known to be related to membrane lipid and cytoskeletal components, is involved in a diverse range of biological functions. However, in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), no studies focusing on the roles of annexin genes in response to abiotic stresses, calcium, and hormones have been informed.

Results

12 annexin genes were found and assigned to eight chromosomes in the cassava genome. All of the MeAnns contain a typical annexin domain with four 70-amino acid repeats. The MeAnns are classified into six groups in the phylogenetic tree. In their promoter regions, MeAnns possess at least 3 hormone response-related cis-elements and 1 abiotic stress response-related cis-acting element. MeAnn1, MeAnn2 and MeAnn5 exhibit very high levels of expression in each tested organs or tissues. By contrast, MeAnn12 exhibits very low levels in all the tested organs or tissues. qRT-PCR analysis indicates that both MeAnn5 and MeAnn9 have significantly high expression in leaves after cold, drought, and salt treatments and are highly responsive to CaCl2, GA and JA treatments. MeAnn2 and MeAnn10 are significantly downregulated in leaves by cold, drought and salt stress and negatively respond to CaCl2, GA and JA. The expression patterns of MeAnns under cold, drought, and salt stress are irregular in shoots. In roots, MeAnn1 and MeAnn9 are downregulated by cold, CaCl2 and JA treatments, while their other gene expression patterns are irregular.

Conclutions

In this study, we identified annexin genes in cassava and our expression profiling analysis demonstrated that cassava annexin genes responded to multiple stresses. Our results laid the foundation for further study of the function of cassava anesxin genes and provided an entry point for understanding the response mechanism of cassava to abiotic stress.