bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma-intrusive hallucinations and the dissociative state
Authors: Wearne Deborah , Curtis Guy , Choy Winston , Magtengaard Richard , Samuel Mathew , Melvill-Smith Peter 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundResearch has supported a model of dissociation mediating the experience of hearing voices in traumatised individuals.AimsTo further understand this model by examining subtypes of the dissociative experience involved in trauma-intrusive hallucinations.MethodThe study involved four hospitals, 11 psychiatrists and 69 participants assessed using the Psychotic Symptoms Rating scale, the PTSD Symptoms Scale Interview and the Dissociative Subtype of PTSD ScoreResultsIn total, 59% (n = 41) of the participants heard voices and they were compared with the 41% (n = 28) who did not. The severity of PTSD symptoms did not predict experience of hearing voices. Regression analysis indicated that two scales of dissociation (derealisation/depersonalisation and loss of awareness) were equally good predictors of the extent of hearing voices. Adding other possible predictors (age of trauma <18, sexual violence) was relevant but did not enhance the prediction.ConclusionsThis research supports the proposal that trauma-intrusive voices are mediated by symptoms of dissociation. The supported model describes general, rather than trauma specific, symptoms of dissociation mediating the experience of hearing voices. The concept of anchoring is discussed and suggests a potential treatment strategy, which could be useful in the clinical management of hearing voices.Declaration of interestNone.
Single-cell analysis of progenitor cell dynamics and lineage specification in the human fetal kidney
Authors: Menon Rajasree , Otto Edgar A. , Kokoruda Austin , Zhou Jian , Zhang Zidong , Yoon Euisik , Chen Yu-Chih , Troyanskaya Olga , Spence Jason R. , Kretzler Matthias , Cebrián Cristina 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe mammalian kidney develops through reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme to give rise to the entire collecting system and the nephrons. Most of our knowledge of the developmental regulators driving this process arises from the study of gene expression and functional genetics in mice and other animal models. In order to shed light on human kidney development, we have used single-cell transcriptomics to characterize gene expression in different cell populations, and to study individual cell dynamics and lineage trajectories during development. Single-cell transcriptome analyses of 6414 cells from five individual specimens identified 11 initial clusters of specific renal cell types as defined by their gene expression profile. Further subclustering identifies progenitors, and mature and intermediate stages of differentiation for several renal lineages. Other lineages identified include mesangium, stroma, endothelial and immune cells. Novel markers for these cell types were revealed in the analysis, as were components of key signaling pathways driving renal development in animal models. Altogether, we provide a comprehensive and dynamic gene expression profile of the developing human kidney at the single-cell level.
Tbx1 represses Mef2c gene expression and is correlated with histone 3 deacetylation of the anterior heart field enhancer
Authors: Pane Luna Simona , Fulcoli Filomena Gabriella , Cirino Andrea , Altomonte Alessandra , Ferrentino Rosa , Bilio Marchesa , Baldini Antonio 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The TBX1 gene is haploinsufficient in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), and genetic evidence from human patients and mouse models points to a major role of this gene in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Tbx1 can activate and repress transcription, and previous work has shown that one of its functions is to negatively modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation. Tbx1 occupies the anterior heart field (AHF) enhancer of the Mef2c gene, which encodes a key cardiac differentiation transcription factor. Here, we show that increased dosage of Tbx1 correlates with downregulation of Mef2c expression and reduced acetylation of its AHF enhancer in cultured mouse myoblasts. Consistently, 22q11.2DS-derived and in vitro-differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) expressed higher levels of MEF2C and showed increased AHF acetylation, compared with hiPSCs from a healthy donor. Most importantly, we show that in mouse embryos, loss of Tbx1 enhances the expression of the Mef2c-AHF-Cre transgene in a specific region of the splanchnic mesoderm, and in a dosage-dependent manner, providing an in vivo correlate of our cell culture data. These results indicate that Tbx1 regulates the Mef2c AHF enhancer by inducing histone deacetylation.
O2 Pulse Patterns in Male Master Athletes with Normal and Abnormal Exercise Tests
Authors: VAN DE SANDE DANNY A. J. P. , SCHOOTS THIJS , HOOGSTEEN JAN , DOEVENDANS PIETER A. , KEMPS HARELD M. C. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The clinical relevance of abnormal exercise testing (ET) results (at least 0.1 mV ST segment depression measured during exercise or recovery in three consecutive beats) in athletes without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well understood. It is unknown whether this phenomenon reflects a physiological adaptation to sport or a truly ischemic response and a concomitant attenuated stroke volume (SV) response. The aim of this study was to investigate if athletes with abnormal ET results without obstructive CAD showed signs of an attenuated SV response using cardiopulmonary ET parameters.

Methods
A total of 78 male master athletes with abnormal ET results without obstructive CAD underwent cardiopulmonary ET. ΔO2 pulse/Δwork rate (WR), ΔV˙O2/ΔWR, and Δheart rate (HR)/ΔWR were assessed and compared with data from 78 male master athletes with normal ET results, matched for age, sports characteristics, and exercise capacity.

Results
The ΔO2 pulse/ΔWR ratio beyond anaerobic threshold in athletes with abnormal ET results was lower than that in athletes with normal ET results (0.73 ± 0.41 vs 1.12 ± 0.54, respectively, P < 0.001). The ΔV˙O2/ΔWR ratio was also lower in athletes with abnormal ET results (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.3, respectively, P = 0.041). Furthermore, these athletes showed a greater increase in HR in the last 2 min of exercise (ΔHR/ΔWR ratio: 1.19 ± 0.5 vs 0.80 ± 0.6, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Athletes with abnormal ET results without obstructive CAD showed an attenuated O2 pulse slope, decreased ΔV˙O2/ΔWR ratio, and increased ΔHR/ΔWR ratio beyond anaerobic threshold when compared with athletes with a normal ET result. These results support the hypothesis that at least a part of the athletes with an abnormal ET in absence of obstructive CAD have an attenuated SV response at high-intensity exercise.
Walking Ground Reaction Force Post-ACL Reconstruction: Analysis of Time and Symptoms
Authors: PIETROSIMONE BRIAN , SEELEY MATTHEW K. , JOHNSTON CHRISTOPHER , PFEIFFER STEVEN J. , SPANG JEFFERY T. , BLACKBURN J. TROY 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeThe association between lower-extremity loading and clinically relevant knee symptoms at different time points after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) from walking was compared between individuals with and without clinically relevant knee symptoms in three cohorts: <12 months post-ACLR, 12–24 months post-ACLR, and >24 months post-ACLR.MethodsOne hundred twenty-eight individuals with unilateral ACLR were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic, based on previously defined cutoff values for the Knee Osteoarthritis and Injury Outcome Score (<12 months post-ACLR [symptomaticn= 28, asymptomaticn= 24]; 12–24 months post-ACLR [symptomaticn= 15, asymptomaticn= 15], and >24 months post-ACLR [symptomatic,n= 13; asymptomatic,n= 33]). Vertical ground reaction force exerted on the ACLR limb was collected during walking gait, and functional analyses of variance were used to evaluate the effects of symptoms and time post-ACLR on vGRF throughout stance phase (α = 0.05).ResultsSymptomatic individuals, <12 months post-ACLR, demonstrated less vGRF during both vGRF peaks (i.e., weight acceptance and propulsion) and greater vGRF during midstance, compared to asymptomatic individuals. Vertical ground reaction force characteristics were not different between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals for most of stance in individuals between 12 and 24 months post-ACLR. Symptomatic individuals who were >24 months post-ACLR, exhibited greater vGRF during both peaks, but lesser vGRF during midstance, compared to asymptomatic individuals.ConclusionRelative to asymptomatic individuals, symptomatic individuals are more likely to underload the ACLR limb early after ACLR (i.e., <12 months) during both vGRF peaks, but overload the ACLR limb, during both vGRF peaks, at later time points (i.e., >24 months). We propose these differences in lower-extremity loading during walking might have implications for long-term knee health, and should be considered when designing therapeutic interventions for individuals with an ACLR.
Virologic failure and HIV drug resistance on simplified, dolutegravir-based maintenance therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wandeler Gilles , Buzzi Marta , Anderegg Nanina , Sculier Delphine , Béguelin Charles , Egger Matthias , Calmy Alexandra 
Published: August 2018

Background: Dolutegravir-containing maintenance therapy is a promising simplification strategy for virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. However, most of the available data to inform this strategy come from small, uncontrolled studies. We estimated the proportion of HIV-infected patients experiencing virological failure (VF) and developing drug resistance on dolutegravir (DTG)-based maintenance therapy. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and conference abstracts for studies assessing VF on DTG-based maintenance therapy. Studies including ≥5 adults with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who switched to a DTG-based mono- or dual therapy were included. Pooled proportions of VF were estimated using random-intercept logistic meta-regression and acquired drug resistance mutations described for each strategy. Results: Of 1719 studies considered, 21 met our selection criteria, including seven interventional and 14 observational studies. Eight studies including 251 patients assessed VF on DTG monotherapy and fourteen studies including 1670 participants VF on dual therapy. The participant’s median age ranged from 43 to 63 years, their median nadir CD4 count from 90 to 399 cells/µl, and 27.6% were female. The proportion of participants experiencing VF on DTG-monotherapy was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-6.7) at 24 weeks and 8.9% (95% CI 4.7-16.2) at 48 weeks. Resistance mutations developed in seven (3.6%) participants on DTG-monotherapy. Among patients on dual therapy, ten (0.7%, 95% CI 0.4-1.3) experienced VF by 48 weeks and none developed resistance to DTG. In adjusted analyses, VF at 24 weeks was less likely on dual therapy than on monotherapy (adjusted odds ratio: 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.30). Conclusions: Whereas VF is relatively common on DTG maintenance monotherapy, DTG-based dual therapy appears to be a promising simplification strategy for individuals with a suppressed HIV viral load on triple-ART.
Typification of a Linnaean plant: Pterospermumacerifolium (Malvaceae), based on Johan Amman’s illustration
Authors: Shinde Rajendra D. , Singh Rajdeo , Prakash Ranee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe typification of the Linnaean name Pentapetes acerifolia (Malvaceae) is discussed. An illustration from Amman in Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae is designated as the lectotype.
Sulfolane as Solvent for Lithium Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Sedlarikova M. , Vondrak J. , Maca J. , Bartusek K. 
Published: August 2018

The properties and applications in lithium batteries of solutions containing lithium perchlorate dissolved in sulfolane have been studied. Due to the high cryoscopic constant of sulfolane (85 K/mole), the freezing point can be considerably decreased. Also the viscosity can be decreased in a way similar to the idea of mixed carbonate solvents. Viscosity and conductivity obey the mified Walden rule. The addition of sulfolane to carbonate solvents increases their flash point fairly considerably.The capacity of experimental cells containing a LiCoO2 cathode and a carbon anode was ca. 33.33 mAh/g (related to anode material). The internal resistance of the cell increased, and an irreversible charge was observed on discharge curves and described. To some extent, the battery had the capability of a rechargeable one.
The use of sulfolane (SL) as a highly polar solvent for electrochemical purposes has been the subject of previous studies [1] – [6]. Its advantages are high permittivity, excedent thermal stability and resistance to strong oxidation potentials. However, there are some disadvantages such as rather high viscosity and correspondingly also low conductivity of salt solutions in this solvent, and a rather high freezing point (+ 28.4 °C).
A similar problem arises in ethylene carbonate which exhibits excellent electrochemical properties if solvents with a sufficiently low freezing point and viscosity are added. It is commonly known that the loss of conductivity is not so detrimental , and the freezing point depression can make such mixed solvents useful. Therefore the blends of ethylene carbonate (abbreviated as EC) with other solvents (mostly dimethyl carbonate DMC) are used as solvents for preparation of electrolytes for lithium batteries.
The main objective of the present paper is to attempt to suppress the weaknesses of sulfolane by adding a solvent with a sufficiently low freezing point and viscosity in order to facilitate the use of sulfolane for various electrochemical applications in electrochemical science and technology.
3D Microstructure and Micromechanical Properties of Minerals in Vanadium-Titanium Sinter
Authors: Xu Runsheng , Wang Wei , Chen Weilin , Jia Bin , Xu Zhihui 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
To investigate the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of minerals in vanadium-titanium sinter, the 3D microstructures of the sinter were reconstructed by serial sectioning in conjunction with computer-aided 3D reconstruction techniques The results show that hematite and magnetite in vanadium-titanium sinter will grow along the longitudinal axis direction and act as a scaffold. The size of magnetite crystals in vanadium-titanium sinter is much smaller than that in traditional sinter. The calcium ferrite in vanadium-titanium sinter is columnar-like, while that in traditional sinter is needle-like. The decreasing order of the microhardness value of minerals in the two sinters is hematite, calcium ferrite, magnetite and silicate, while the fracture toughness value from highest to lowest is calcium ferrite, hematite, magnetite and silicate. The comprehensive hardness value and comprehensive fracture toughness value of vanadium-titanium sinter are both less than these of traditional sinter.
Asymmetries of null subjects and null objects in L1-English and L1-Japanese learners’ Chinese
Authors: Chang Hui , Zheng Lina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on the HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus, this study investigated the use of Chinese null arguments by advanced adult L1-English and L1-Japanese learners with Chinese native speakers as a baseline. Several asymmetries were found. First, the learners produced many more null subjects than null objects. Second, null subjects were mainly animate, while null objects were mainly inanimate. Third, more null subjects were used in non-matrix clauses than in matrix clauses. In addition, L1 did not seem to play a significant role in the learners’ use of Chinese null arguments, and the learners’ use Chinese null arguments was generally not native-like. Finally, it appears that null objects are not transferable or developmental and that infrequent use of null objects is universal in L2. It was argued that positive evidence in the target input as well as the nature of the subject and the object led to the asymmetric use of null subjects and null objects in L2 Chinese.
Internet-Memes als Zugang zu multimodalen Konstruktionen
Authors: Bülow Lars , Merten Marie-Luis , Johann Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe adaptation of Internet memes is an important practice in social media that is an excellent subject of investigation to explain (the instantiation of) multimodal constructions with regard to social-cognitive processes. In this article, we would like to plead for paying more attention to Internet memes as linguistic research object. By using a qualitative-quantitative corpus-pragmatic approach, we worked out the multimodal character of selected constructions being instantiated within adaptations of the so called Merkel-Meme (n=632). We discuss two constructions, which can only be thought of through the interplay of a pictorial component that shows a gesture and varying linguistic elements. This is on the one hand the construction [[so*adjektiv]AdjP+ Ausprägungsgrad anzeigende Armgeste] and on the other the construction [[so*artikel(adjektiv)nomen]NP+ Umfang anzeigende Armgeste]. Therefore, it becomes evident that the pictorial component influences the linguistic part of the Internet meme.
Evaluation Method of Resistance to Water Damage for Foamed Warm-Mixed Asphalt Mixture Based on Surface Free Energy Theory
Authors: Wei Wuju , Zheng Bingfeng , Han Chao , Niu Xiaowei , Xu Jinyu , Yan Jinhai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWeak adhesion between asphalt and aggregates is the main cause of moisture-induced damage for asphalt pavement, especially for foamed warm-mixed asphalt pavement, because of low mix temperatures and residual moisture left behind by the microscopic foaming process. In order to improve the road performance of foamed warm-mixed asphalt mixture, the law of moisture evaporation of foamed asphalt was discussed through laboratory foaming test in this article. The surface free energy of foamed asphalt in different foaming stages and two kinds of aggregates were obtained by measuring contact angle via the sessile drop method. The work of cohesion and adhesion between asphalt and aggregates and the work of stripping were calculated through using their surface free energy parameters. On this basis, the energy ratio (ER) is proposed as an indicator to evaluate the anti-water damage property of foamed warm-mixed asphalt mixture, and the ER is obtained by calculating the ratio of work of adhesion and the work of stripping. This method can be used as the reference for the evaluation of asphalt adhesion. The results may show that the resistance to moisture-induced damage of asphalt is improved after foaming process.
Measuring Nonequibiaxial Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties Using Knoop Indentation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh A. R. , Mahmoudi A. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A proper knowledge of the mechanical properties and residual stresses of materials has a significant role in the prediction of engineering failures. Indentation is a simple, nondestructive test that is capable of estimating both residual stresses and mechanical properties. In frequent studies, the response of materials during the indentation process has been used as a key parameter to distinguish different substances. Here, a state-of-the-art method with no undesirable restriction is suggested to attain the work hardening exponent, yield strength, and planar nonequibiaxial residual stresses. In the current work, an extensive series of Knoop indentation simulations were performed using two indenter angles. Subsequently, a precise observation was made in order to find existent relationships. A local method was employed based on characteristics of similar materials to obtain stress-free sample parameters through a genetic algorithm, and then another error function was defined in order to measure the yield strength and work hardening exponent. After the determination of the mechanical properties and the stress-free sample’s parameters, a particular and precise categorization was made. Then, neural network analysis was employed to derive planar residual stresses. Experimental validation was conducted using six types of aluminum and steel specimens. The results confirmed a good agreement between the test data and those predicted using the suggested procedure.
The Shear Strength of the Nature Loess Joint: A Case Study in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Zheng Xing , Cheng Wen-Chieh , Kong Qing , Wang Juanjuan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Shear strength of the loess joint has significant influence on the stability of loess engineering with joints. “Joint” is the weak structural plane of loess, and its shear strength determines the stability of loess. In this study, a series of loess joint samples was collected from Binxian County, Liquan County, and Zichang County in Shaanxi Province. The shear strength of the loess joint was determined by means of the direct shear test. The influence of the water content on the shear strength parameters of the loess joint was investigated by means of tests. The results showed that initially the internal friction angle varied slightly with the water content but decreased very quickly as the water content surpassed the threshold value of 14 %. The relationship between shear strength and water content can be expressed as an exponential function. This study devised a new empirical formula that determines the peak internal friction angle by observing the effects of dry density, water content, shear strength, and joint surface morphology.
A Novel Approach for Analytical Description of the Isothermal Bainite Transformation in Alloyed Steels
Authors: Maisuradze M. V. , Yudin Y. V. , Kuklina A. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A novel approach for modeling the bainite transformation in alloyed steels during isothermal quenching is presented. The approach is based on the application of the logistic function with the logarithmic argument of the isothermal holding time. The proposed model involves two time-independent fitting parameters, a and b, where are specified for the given isothermal quenching temperature and other conditions (e.g., steel grade, austenite grain size, etc.). The adequacy of the modeling results is estimated using the sum of squared differences between the experimental and calculated bainite fraction formed at every time step Δτ during isothermal quenching. The logistic function was found to provide a fit between the experimental and calculated bainite transformation kinetics that was up to ten times better than that of the conventionally applied Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. An excellent agreement is achieved between the modeling results and the experimental data for commercially produced high-strength alloyed steels 300M, HY-TUF, and D6AC isothermally quenched in the temperature range of the bainite transformation. The obtained temperature dependences of the model parameters a and b reveal the potential for further theoretical investigation and verification of their physical meaning.