bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role modelling in the training of hospital-based medical specialists: a&nbsp;validation study of the Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT)
Authors: Said Miran , Jochemsen-van der Leeuw Ria H. G. A. , Spek Bea , Brand Paul L. P. , Van Dijk Nynke 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Role modelling is a key component in the training of doctors that influences professional behaviour, identity and career choices. Clinical teachers and residents are often unaware of this, thereby risking transmission of negative behaviour. On the other hand, awareness positively affects role model behaviour. To assess role model behaviour, the Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT) was developed and validated in general practice training. The aim of the current study was to validate the RoMAT in the hospital-based training setting.
Methods The authors asked first to last year residents, regardless of their specialty, to participate after written approval from their clinical teachers. The tool was completed online in 2017. The authors performed a principal component analysis and investigated internal consistency, construct validity, inter-rater reliability, known-groups comparisons and floor and ceiling effects.
Results Of the 473 residents contacted, 187 (40%) completed the questionnaire. As in the primary validation study, the authors extracted two components: ‘Caring Attitude’ and ‘Effectiveness’, explaining 67% of the variation with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94 and 0.93 respectively. Evidence for construct validity was found and there were no floor or ceiling effects, but inter-rater reliability was low.
Discussion The RoMAT was internally consistent and valid to assess role model behaviour of the clinical teacher towards the resident in the hospital-based training of medical specialists. The poor inter-rater reliability, most likely due to homogeneous RoMAT responses, should be borne in mind when evaluating RoMAT scores on individual clinical teachers.
When Benefit-Cost Analysis Becomes Optional: Regulatory Analysis at the Consumer Product Safety Commission in the CPSIA Era
Authors: Aiken Deborah V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, I examine how the regulatory analysis practices of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), an independent regulatory agency, changed when the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) of 2008 relaxed its statutory obligations to conduct benefit-cost analysis (BCA). When given discretion, the agency dropped the practice despite significant institutional experience in conducting regulatory BCA and a history of using BCA as a key input to regulatory decisions. While the decision reflects an agency belief that omitting BCA would speed rulemaking under the CPSIA, the results have been mixed. Moreover, choosing to forego BCA-based decision-making fundamentally changed the agency’s regulatory portfolio. In contrast to the typical rule CPSC historically supported with BCA findings, many of the CPSIA rules impose significant economic burdens yet appear to yield negligible benefits. The CPSC would have been unlikely to have pursued the CPSIA rulemakings on its own because it could not have made the necessary BCA findings.
Exposure to Pesticides and Welding Hastens the Age-at-Onset of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gamache Pierre-Luc , Haj Salem Ikhlass , Roux-Dubois Noémie , Le Bouthillier Jacques , Gan-Or Ziv , Dupré Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:The age-at-onset (AAO) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is thought to be influenced by environmental factors and polygenic predispositions. Professional exposures to pesticides and toxic metals were shown to be associated with an earlier onset in small sample studies.Aim of Study:The aim of this study was to confirm the association between professional exposures to pesticides and toxic metals and the AAO of PD, on a larger cohort of patients, defined with a clinic-based ascertainment scheme.Methods:We used an incident cohort of 290 patients recruited through three designated movement disorder clinics in the province of Quebec, Canada. Patients completed a detailed questionnaire regarding professional exposures to pesticides and toxic metals. We compared the AAO in patients without prior professional exposure (N = 170) and those with exposure to pesticides (N = 53) or toxic metals through welding (N = 30). We further subdivided patients exposed to pesticides according to the frequency and proximity of their contacts.Results:Patients with prior exposure to pesticides (AAO = 54.74 years) or toxic metals (54.27 years) had a significantly earlier AAO compared to the control group (59.26 years) (p = 0.003). In those exposed to pesticides, closer (p = 0.03) and more frequent (p = 0.02) contacts were negatively correlated with AAO.Conclusion:Exposure to pesticides and toxic metals were both associated with an earlier onset of PD, an effect that was greater with higher levels of exposure, both in terms of frequency and proximity.
Radiocarbon Map of a Bomb-Peak Labeled Human Eye
Authors: Rinyu Laszlo , Janovics Robert , Molnar Mihaly , Kisvarday Zoltan , Kemeny-Beke Adam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe 14C/12C ratio of living organisms is largely determined by the 14C/12C ratio of consumed diet as well as by the atmospheric 14C concentration together with the body’s metabolic processes. The measured 14C content of living matter compared to the atmospheric radiocarbon level can provide invaluable information about developmental processes. Our aim was to determine the 14C content of ten different tissues of the human eye using the 14C bomb-pulse dating signature. The 14C content of the atmosphere, so called 14C “bomb-pulse” has labeled humanity offering an opportunity to determine these special formation, turnover and substitution courses in biology. The results allowed us to construct a 14C map of the bomb-peak labeled human eye. According to the anatomical location of the tissues, an unexpected picture emerged as in moving from the outer parts towards the inner parts of the eye, the 14C content of each tissue decreased. The data presented here are compatible with the view that the oldest parts of the eye are the sclera, the limbus and the cornea, in this order, and moving further inside, the youngest tissue of the eye is the retina.
Programme National Nutrition Santé – guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2): development and validation of a diet quality score reflecting the 2017 French dietary guidelines
Authors: Chaltiel Dan , Adjibade Moufidath , Deschamps Valérie , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollowing the revision of the French dietary guidelines in 2017, the Programme National Nutrition Santé – guidelines score (PNNS-GS), built upon previous recommendations released in 2001, needed to be updated. This cross-sectional study thus aimed to develop and validate the PNNS-GS2, a predefined food-based dietary index based on the 2017-revised French nutritional guidelines. A total of 80 965 participants recruited among French adults (≥18 years old) in the NutriNet-Santé web-based prospective cohort were included. Collected data included repeated 24 h-dietary records over a 2-year period, sociodemographic and, for 16 938 subjects, clinical and biological data. Weighting and cut-offs of the PNNS-GS2 components were collegially arbitrated by nutrition experts who participated in the 2017 revision of the guidelines. Sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical and biological factors were investigated according to quintiles (Q) of PNNS-GS2 (theoretical ranging −17 to +13·5). Mean PNNS-GS2 was 2·1 (sd3·1) in women and −0·3 (sd3·6) in men. Higher PNNS-GS2 (higher adherence to 2017 dietary guidelines) was positively associated with (mean difference between Q5 and Q1 in women/men) age (+8·4/+4·7 years), education (+3·9/+7·4 % of university level), physical activity (+13·3/+3·5 % of ≥60 min/d) and non-smoking (+9·7/+13·7 %), and was negatively associated with mean blood pressure (−3·0/−2·8 mmHg), plasma LDL-cholesterol (−0·07/−0·06 g/l) and TAG (−0·10/−0·16 g/l) concentrations. Higher PNNS-GS2 was also associated with higher intake of favourable nutrients, e.g.n-3 PUFA (+0·2/+0·2 % of energy intake), fibres (+8·7/+10·7 g) and vitamin C (+36·6/+43·8 mg). Associations between PNNS-GS2 and sociodemographic and nutritional factors arguing for its validation are coherent. Further studies are needed to evaluate its association with mortality and morbidity.
Associations of types of dairy consumption with adiposity: cross-sectional findings from over 12 000 adults in the Fenland Study, UK
Authors: Trichia Eirini , Imamura Fumiaki , Brage Søren , De Lucia Rolfe Emanuella , Griffin Simon J. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence from randomised controlled trials supports beneficial effects of total dairy products on body weight, fat and lean mass, but evidence on associations of dairy types with distributions of body fat and lean mass is limited. We aimed to investigate associations of total and different types of dairy products with markers of adiposity, and body fat and lean mass distribution. We evaluated cross-sectional data from 12 065 adults aged 30–65 years recruited to the Fenland Study between 2005 and 2015 in Cambridgeshire, UK. Diet was assessed with an FFQ. We estimated regression coefficients (or percentage differences) and their 95 % CI using multiple linear regression models. The medians of milk, yogurt and cheese consumption were 293 (interquartile range (IQR) 146–439), 35·3 (IQR 8·8–71·8) and 14·6 (IQR 4·8–26·9) g/d, respectively. Low-fat dairy consumption was inversely associated with visceral:subcutaneous fat ratio estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (–2·58 % (95 % CI –3·91, –1·23 %) per serving/d). Habitual consumption per serving/d (200 g) of milk was associated with 0·33 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·46) kg higher lean mass. Other associations were not significant after false discovery correction. Our findings suggest that the influence of milk consumption on lean mass and of low-fat dairy consumption on fat mass distribution may be potential pathways for the link between dairy consumption and metabolic risk. Our cross-sectional findings warrant further research in prospective and experimental studies in diverse populations.
Plasma folate and its association with folic acid supplementation, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors among New Zealand pregnant women
Authors: Bulloch Rhodi E. , McCowan Lesley M. E. , Thompson John M. D. , Houghton Lisa A. , Wall Clare R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFolic acid (FA) supplementation is recommended in the periconceptional period, for the prevention of neural tube defects. Limited data are available on the folate status of New Zealand (NZ) pregnant women and its association with FA supplementation intake. Objectives were to examine the relationship between plasma folate (PF) and reported FA supplement use at 15 weeks’ gestation and to explore socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with PF. We used data and blood samples from NZ participants of the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints cohort study. Healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy (n 1921) were interviewed and blood samples collected. PF was analysed via microbiological assay. Of the participants, 73 % reported taking an FA supplement at 15 weeks’ gestation – of these, 79 % were taking FA as part of/alongside a multivitamin supplement. Of FA supplement users, 56 % reported consuming a daily dose of ≥800 μg; 39 % reported taking less than 400 µg/d. Mean PF was significantly higher in women reporting FA supplementation (54·6 (se 1·5) nmol/l) v. no FA supplementation (35·1 (se 1·6) nmol/l) (P<0·0001). Reported daily FA supplement dose and PF were significantly positively correlated (r 0·41; P<0·05). Younger maternal age, Pacific and Maori ethnicity and obesity were negatively associated with PF levels; vegetarianism was positively associated with PF. Reported FA supplement dose was significantly associated with PF after adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle confounders and multivitamin intake. The relationship observed between FA supplementation and PF demonstrates that self-reported intake is a reliable proxy for FA supplement use in this study population.
Predicting bilingual preschoolers’ patterns of language development: Degree of non-native input matters
Authors: Unsworth Sharon , Brouwer Susanne , de Bree Elise , Verhagen Josje 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile numerous studies have recently shown that variation in input quantity predicts children’s rate of acquisition across a range of language skills, comparatively little is known about the impact of variation in inputqualityon (bilingual) children’s language development. This study investigated the relation between specific quality-oriented properties of bilingual children’s input and measures of children’s language development across a number of skills while at the same time taking family constellation into account. Participants were bilingual preschoolers (n= 50) acquiring Dutch alongside another language. Preschoolers’ receptive and productive vocabulary and morphosyntax in Dutch were assessed. Parental questionnaires were used to derive estimates of input quality. Family constellation was first operationalized as presence of a native-speaker parent and subsequently in terms of patterns of parental language use. Results showed that proportion of native input and having a native-speaker parent were never significant predictors of children’s language skills, whereas the degree of non-nativeness in the input, family constellation in terms of parental language use, and language richness were. This study shows that what matters is not how much exposure bilingual children have to native rather than non-native speakers, but how proficient any non-native speakers are.
Hybrid Methodology for Path Planning and Computational Vision Applied to Autonomous Mission: A New Approach
Authors: Coelho Fabrício O. , Pinto Milena F. , Souza João Pedro C. , Marcato André L. M. 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYIn recent years, mobile robots have become increasingly frequent in daily life applications, such as cleaning, surveillance, support for the elderly and people with disabilities, as well as hazardous activities. However, a big challenge arises when the robotic system must perform a fully autonomous mission. The main problems of autonomous missions include path planning, localisation, and mapping. Thus, this research proposes a hybrid methodology for mobile robots on an autonomous mission involving an offline approach that uses the Direct-DRRT* algorithm and the artificial potential fields algorithm as the online planner. The experimental design covers three scenarios with an increasing degree of accuracy in respect of the real world. Additionally, an extensive evaluation of the proposed methodology is reported.
Predicting potential to benefit from an iron intervention: a randomized controlled trial of double-fortified salt in female Indian tea pluckers
Authors: Nevins Julie EH , Venkatramanan Sudha , Mehta Saurabh , Haas Jere D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study examines characteristics of those who benefited from a dietary Fe intervention comprised of salt double-fortified with iodine and Fe (DFS).Design:Data from a randomized controlled trial were analysed to identify predictors of improved Fe status and resolution of Fe deficiency (serum ferritin (sFt) < 12 μg/l) and low body Fe (body Fe (BI) < 0·0 mg/kg) using non-parametric estimations and binomial regression models.Setting:A tea estate in West Bengal, India.Participants:Female tea pluckers, aged 18–55 years.Results:Consuming DFS significantly (P= 0·01) predicted resolution of Fe deficiency (relative risk (RR) = 2·31) and of low BI (RR = 2·78) compared with consuming iodized salt. Baseline sFt (β= –0·32 (se0·03),P< 0·001) and treatment group (β= 0·13 (se0·03),P< 0·001) significantly predicted change in sFt. The interaction of baseline BI with treatment group (β= –0·11 (se0·06),P= 0·08) predicted the change in BI. DFS did not significantly predict change in Hb and marginally predicted resolution of anaemia (Hb < 120 g/l).Conclusions:Baseline Fe status, as assessed by sFt and BI, and consumption of DFS predict change in Fe status and resolution of Fe deficiency and low BI. Anaemia prevalence and Hb level, although simple and inexpensive to measure, may not be adequate to predict resolution of Fe deficiency in response to an intervention of DFS in similar populations with high prevalence of Fe deficiency and multiple nutritional causes of anaemia. These findings will guide appropriate targeting of future interventions.
A cross-sectional study of the nutritional quality of student canteen purchases from New South Wales primary-school canteens
Authors: Delaney Tessa , Sutherland Rachel , Wyse Rebecca , Wolfenden Luke , Lecathelinais Christophe , Janssen Lisa , Reilly Kathryn , Wiggers John , Lin Yoong Sze 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To assess the nutritional quality of student canteen purchases at recess and lunch, including: (i) the mean energy (kilojoules), saturated fat (grams), total sugar (grams) and Na (milligrams) and percentage of energy from saturated fat and total sugar; and (ii) the proportion and types of foods purchased that are healthier (green) and less healthy (amber/red) according to a state school canteen policy.Design:A cross-sectional study of student canteen food and beverage recess and lunch purchases.Setting:Twenty-six randomly selected government primary schools that were non-compliant with a state school canteen policy from a region of New South Wales, Australia, were approached to participate.Participants:Students (aged 5–12 years) of participating schools.Results:Eighteen schools (69 %) consented to participate. On average students’ recess purchases contained 571·2 kJ energy, 1·6 g saturated fat, 11·6 g total sugar and 132·4 mg Na with 10·0 % of energy from saturated fat and 37·8 % of energy from total sugar. Students’ lunch purchases contained 685·4 kJ energy, 1·8 g saturated fat, 12·7 g total sugar and 151·4 mg Na with 9·5 % of energy from saturated fat and 31·8 % of energy from total sugar. Less healthy items represented 72 and 76 % of all items purchased at recess and lunch, respectively, with ‘savoury snacks’ and ‘sugar-sweetened ice blocks and slushies’ being the most common recess and lunch purchases, respectively.Conclusions:There is considerable scope to improve the nutritional quality of student purchases from primary-school canteens, with a high percentage of energy from total sugar. Future research is required to identify effective strategies to enhance compliance with canteen policies and support the purchase of healthier foods from school canteens.
A COMBINATORIAL SOLUTION TO MŒGLIN’S PARAMETRIZATION OF ARTHUR PACKETS FOR -ADIC QUASISPLIT AND
Authors: Xu Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe develop a general procedure to study the combinatorial structure of Arthur packets for $p$-adic quasisplit $\mathit{Sp}(N)$ and $O(N)$ following the works of Mœglin. This will allow us to answer many delicate questions concerning the Arthur packets of these groups, for example the size of the packets.
“An indelible mark” the response to participation in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among doctors: A review of research findings
Authors: Kelly Brian , Handley Tonelle , Kissane David , Vamos Marina , Attia John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe debate regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (E/PAS) raises key issues about the role of the doctor, and the professional, ethical, and clinical dimensions of the doctor-patient relationship. This review aimed to examine the published evidence regarding the response of doctors who have participated in E/PAS.MethodsOriginal research papers were identified reporting either qualitative or qualitative data published in peer-reviewed literature between 1980 and March 2018, with a specific focus on the impact on, or response from, physicians to their participation in E/PAS. PRISMA and CASP guidelines were followed.ResultsNine relevant papers met selection criteria. Given the limited published data, a descriptive synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings was performed. Quantitative surveys were limited in scope but identified a mixed set of responses. Where studies measured psychological impact, 30–50% of doctors described emotional burden or discomfort about participation, while findings also identified a comfort or satisfaction in believing the request of the patient was met. Significant, ongoing adverse personal impact was reported between 15% to 20%. A minority of doctors sought personal support, generally from family or friends, rather than colleagues. The themes identified from the qualitative studies were summarized as: 1) coping with a request; 2) understanding the patient; 3) the doctor's role and agency in the death of a patient; 4) the personal impact on the doctor; and 5) professional guidance and support.Significance of resultsParticipation in E/PAS can have a significant emotional impact on participating clinicians. For some doctors, participation can contrast with perception of professional roles, responsibilities, and personal expectations. Despite the importance of this issue to medical practice, this is a largely neglected area of empirical research. The limited studies to date highlight the need to address the responses and impact on clinicians, and the support for clinicians as they navigate this challenging area.
Categorising and comparing ancient religions to modern groups: teaching with taxonomy worksheets
Authors: Robertson Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article introduces an approach to teaching ancient Mediterranean religions by using types of classification to compare ancient to modern groups. A brief narrative introduces pedagogy challenges around understanding the multi-various intersections of ancient group affiliations with other aspects of society. Different modes of classification and comparison are presented as a way to enable such understanding. Finally, worksheets meant for copy and classroom use are presented, explained, and detailed for their potential in Classics pedagogy at both the secondary and tertiary levels.
TwinLIFE: The Twin Longitudinal Investigation of FEtal Discordance
Authors: Groene Sophie G. , Todtenhaupt Pia , van Zwet Erik W. , van Pel Melissa , Berkhout Romy J. M. , Haak Monique C. , Roest Arno A. W. , Lopriore Enrico , van Klink Jeanine M. M. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLifelong health is thought to be partially set during intrauterine life by persistent epigenetic changes induced by the prenatal environment. To evaluate this hypothesis, we initiated a prospective longitudinal study in monochorionic (MC) twins: the TwinLIFE study. MC twins are monozygotic, thus in origin genetically identical, and share a single placenta. Although MC twins have many environmental factors in common, in one-third of the MC twin pairs, one fetus has significantly less access to nutrients and resources during pregnancy than its co-twin often resulting in a significant discordance in prenatal growth. Hence, MC twins constitute a unique natural experiment to study the influence of the prenatal environment on health. In TwinLIFE, we will chart intrapair differences in DNA methylation focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from cord as an advanced proxy of epigenetic dysregulation relevant for long-term health consequences. Next, we will follow up the MC twins for growth, cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood and evaluate the impact of an epigenetic signature at birth on future health. The current target is to include 100 MC twin pairs, but we aim to continue enrollment after procuring additional funding. TwinLIFE will not only address an unmet clinical need in the high-risk group of MC twins, but may also advance early-life strategies to prevent adverse growth, cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the general population.