bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nutritional status on basal metabolic rates among rural agriculturalists of Ngilo‐Ilo, East Java
Authors: Miller Aaron A. , Indriati Etty , Leonard William R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research has shown that tropical island populations have reduced basal metabolic rates (BMR) associated with the joint influences of heat stress and undernutrition. This study examines variation in BMR among an indigenous population of Indonesia, and compares these data with those collected from earlier studies in Indonesia.MethodsAnthropometric dimensions and BMR were measured on a sample of 35 Indonesian adults (28 men, 7 women) from the rural village of Ngilo‐Ilo, East Java.ResultsMean measured BMRs (±SD) were 1433 ± 344 kcal/d in men and 1256 ±257 kcal/d in women, and were not significantly different from estimates using the FAO/WHO/UNU predictive questions. Underweight individuals (BMIs <18.5 kg/m2) had BMRs that were 7.6% below predicted levels, while those with BMIs ≥18.5 kg/m2 had BMRs that were 8.0% above predicted levels (P < .01). Underweight individuals also had significantly higher respiratory quotients (RQ = .94 vs. .89; P < .05), suggesting lower levels of fat oxidation. Compared to data from previous studies (1929–1979), men of the Ngilo‐Ilo sample had similar BMIs (19.8 vs. 19.2 kg/m2), but higher BMRs, after adjusting for age and body weight (+2.1% vs. −5.6%; P < .05).ConclusionsAmong the agriculturalists of Ngilo‐Ilo, measured BMRs were low, but not significantly different from those predicted by the FAO/WHO/UNU equations. Among subjects of this sample and from earlier studies, poorer physical nutritional status was associated with reduced BMRs. These results suggest that chronic energy stress has consistently shaped metabolic function among Indonesian rural populations.
A novel mutation in CDH11, encoding cadherin‐11, cause Branchioskeletogenital (Elsahy‐Waters) syndrome
Authors: Castori Marco , Ott Claus‐Eric , Bisceglia Luigi , Leone Maria Pia , Mazza Tommaso , Castellana Stefano , Tomassi Jurgen , Lanciotti Silvia , Mundlos Stefan , Hennekam Raoul C. , Kornak Uwe , Brancati Francesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCadherins are cell‐adhesion molecules that control morphogenesis, cell migration, and cell shape changes during multiple developmental processes. Until now four distinct cadherins have been implicated in human Mendelian disorders, mainly featuring skin, retinal and hearing manifestations. Branchio‐skeleto‐genital (or Elsahy‐Waters) syndrome (BSGS) is an ultra‐rare condition featuring a characteristic face, premature loss of teeth, vertebral and genital anomalies, and intellectual disability. We have studied two sibs with BSGS originally described by Castori et al. in 2010. Exome sequencing led to the identification of a novel homozygous nonsense variant in the first exon of the cadherin‐11 gene (CDH11), which results in a prematurely truncated form of the protein. Recessive variants in CDH11 have been recently demonstrated in two other sporadic patients and a pair of sisters affected by BSGS. Although the function of this cadherin (also termed Osteoblast‐Cadherin) is not completely understood, its prevalent expression in osteoblastic cell lines and up‐regulation during differentiation suggest a specific function in bone formation and development.This study identifies a novel loss‐of‐function variant in CDH11 as a cause of BSGS and supports the role of cadherin‐11 as a key player in axial and craniofacial malformations.
Heterometallic Cluster‐Capped Tetrahedral Assemblies with Postsynthetic Modification of the Metal Cores
Authors: Shakirova Julia R. , Grachova Elena V. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Thangaraj Senthil Kumar , Jänis Janne , Melnikov Alexey S. , Karttunen Antti J. , Tunik Sergey P. , Koshevoy Igor O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCombining the star‐shaped alkynyl ligands with low‐nuclearity gold–copper triphosphane clusters produces 3D metallocage aggregates, which demonstrate room temperature phosphorescence in solution (max Φem=0.6). Their luminescence mainly originates from cluster‐localized metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer excited state. These supramolecular assemblies can be easily converted into the isostructural gold‐silver congeners by the direct exchange of the metal ions. Such modification of the terminal metal cores switches the emission to the intraligand (alkyne) electronic transitions of the triplet manifold, that represents an unusual optical functionality among the metallocycle/metallocage complexes.
A P−P Bond as a Redox Reservoir and an Active Reaction Site
Authors: Kim Yeong‐Eun , Lee Yunho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe carbonylation of a nickel(II) anilido species 2 led to the formation of a dinickel(0)–CO complex (P2P‐PP2){Ni(CO)}2 3 with a P−P bond along with isocyanate generation. In this reaction, the central phosphide moiety of an anionic PPP ligand (PPP−=−P[2‐PiPr2C6H4]2) acts as a single‐electron donor to form a P radical. Alternatively, 3 can be synthesized from the reduction of (PPP)NiCl (1) in the presence of CO; thus, the reaction proceeds by radical coupling of a .P−Ni0−CO species. The reverse reaction occurred to generate 1 when 3 was treated with AgCl. Since the P−P bond is light‐sensitive, its homolysis is possible and was explored by EPR spectroscopy and DFT analysis. Finally, various bond‐activation reactions of 3 occurred under visible‐light conditions, thus indicating that a P−P bond can act as an active reaction site.
Genome Editing Reveals Novel Thiotemplated Assembly of Polythioamide Antibiotics in Anaerobic Bacteria
Authors: Dunbar Kyle L. , Büttner Hannah , Molloy Evelyn M. , Dell Maria , Kumpfmüller Jana , Hertweck Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClosthioamide (CTA) is a unique symmetric nonribosomal peptide with six thioamide moieties that is produced by the Gram‐positive obligate anaerobe Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. CTA displays potent inhibitory activity against important clinical pathogens, making it a promising drug candidate. Yet, the biosynthesis of this DNA gyrase‐targeting antibiotic has remained enigmatic. Using a combination of genome mining, genome editing (targeted group II intron, CRISPR/Cas9), and heterologous expression, we show that CTA biosynthesis involves specialized enzymes for starter unit biosynthesis, amide bond formation, thionation, and dimerization. Surprisingly, CTA biosynthesis involves a novel thiotemplated peptide assembly line that markedly differs from known nonribosomal peptide synthetases. These findings provide the first insights into the biosynthesis of thioamide‐containing nonribosomal peptides and offer a starting point for the discovery of related natural products.
Coupling of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Mediated by Diatomic Copper Boride Cations
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Jiang Li‐Xue , Chen Jiao‐Jiao , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of CH4 and CO2 to produce value‐added chemicals via direct C−C coupling is a challenging chemistry problem because of the inertness of these two molecules. Herein, mass spectrometric experiments and high‐level quantum‐chemical calculations have identified the first diatomic species (CuB+) that can couple CH4 with CO2 under thermal collision conditions to produce ketene (H2C=C=O), an important intermediate in synthetic chemistry. The order to feed the reactants (CH4 and CO2) is important and CH4 should be firstly fed to produce the C2 product. Molecular‐level mechanisms including control of product selectivity have been revealed for coupling of CH4 with CO2 under mild conditions.
Longitudinal assessment of stability of sensory features in children with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities
Authors: Baranek Grace T. , Carlson Mike , Sideris John , Kirby Anne V. , Watson Linda R. , Williams Kathryn L. , Bulluck John 
Published: September 2018

Prior research on the stability of sensory processing problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disabilities (DD) has produced inconsistent results. We employed a longitudinal study design to assess the stability of three clinical sensory response patterns: hyporesponsiveness; hyperresponsiveness; and sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS). Parents of children with ASD (n = 55) or DD (n = 35) responded to sensory questionnaires at two time points (T1 and T2) separated by 3.3 years on average, with the children aged 2–12 years (M = 5.69 ± 2.46) at the first assessment. For each sensory response pattern, regression analysis revealed that, for both ASD and DD groups, scores at T1 were strong predictors of scores at T2. Over the longitudinal assessment interval, there was a significant mean decline in severity for SIRS in both groups and for hyporesponsiveness in the ASD group. Parental estimates of the amount of therapy services received were positively associated with the severity of sensory features at T2, an outcome that may result from increased intervention dosages being administered to children who fail to improve over time. The results are discussed in terms of person‐centered and environmental considerations, which, in combination, have the capacity to affect stability outcomes for sensory features. Autism Research 2019, 12: 100–111. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) may process sensory information differently from those who do not have ASD. For example, some children may be over‐responsive or under‐responsive to sound or touch. In this study, we showed that sensory features in preschool/school‐aged children with ASD and DD tend to decrease on average over a several year period. However, individual children tend to retain their ranking (low or high in sensory features) in comparison to other children over time.
Engineering molecular imaging strategies for regenerative medicine
Authors: Willadsen Matthew , Chaise Marc , Yarovoy Iven , Zhang An Qi , Parashurama Natesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe reshaping of the world's aging population has created an urgent need for therapies for chronic diseases. Regenerative medicine offers a ray of hope, and its complex solutions include material, cellular, or tissue systems. We review basics of regenerative medicine/stem cells and describe how the field of molecular imaging, which is based on quantitative, noninvasive, imaging of biological events in living subjects, can be applied to regenerative medicine in order to interrogate tissues in innovative, informative, and personalized ways. We consider aspects of regenerative medicine for which molecular imaging will benefit. Next, genetic and nanoparticle‐based cell imaging strategies are discussed in detail, with modalities like magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging (near infra‐red, bioluminescence), raman microscopy, and photoacoustic microscopy), ultrasound, computed tomography, single‐photon computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. We conclude with a discussion of “next generation” molecular imaging strategies, including imaging host tissues prior to cell/tissue transplantation.
5‐Phenylcoumarin Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Vasodilatory Activity
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Youjia , Zhang Ting , Wei Di , Hou Yajing , He Huaizhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn continuation of our previous efforts towards the development of coumarin derivatives with potential vasodilatory activity, 5‐phenylcoumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Target compounds and their precursors exhibited moderately vasodilatory ability with EC50 at 2.5–49.0 μm. Docking studies also revealed the good binding mode of 7‐methoxy‐8‐[2‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)ethoxy]‐5‐[2‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (8c) with the target protein. Moreover, intermediates and the final products exhibited different fluorescent properties due to their substituent effect. These results may provide new ideas for the synthesis and application of 5‐substituted coumarins.
Inhibition of Pro‐Inflammatory Functions of Human Neutrophils by Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum Leaves
Authors: Engels Nora S. , Waltenberger Birgit , Michalak Barbara , Huynh Loi , Tran Hung , Kiss Anna K. , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn an initial screening, the dichloromethane extract from the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum showed distinct inhibitory effects on the release of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in human neutrophils. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of this extract, to better understand which compounds might be responsible for the anti‐inflammatory effect. Phytochemical analysis led to the isolation of 12 known compounds and two new natural products, 5‐hydroxy‐6‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐4′,7‐dimethoxyflavanone (13) and 2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐3′‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐4,6′‐dimethoxychalcone (14). The influence of the isolated compounds on the production and release of the pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adhesion molecules (CD62L and CD11b) in human neutrophils was evaluated. Three constituents, melodamide A, 2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐4,6′‐dimethoxychalcone, and 2′,6′‐dihydroxy‐4′‐methoxychalcone, showed significant inhibition of IL‐8 release (IC50=6.6, 8.6, and 11.6 μm, respectively) and TNF‐α production (IC50=4.5, 13.3, and 6.2 μm, respectively).
Polyphyllin I Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Downregulating AML1‐ETO and Suppressing C‐KIT/Akt Signaling in t(8;21) Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Chai Yanting , Si Ying , Xu Jiaxin , Xiang Yuchen , Zhao Hongyan , Si Yuan , Zhang Te , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolyphyllin I (PPI), a bioactive constituent extracted from traditional medicinal herbs, is cytotoxic to several cancer types. However, whether PPI can be used to treat t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells requires further investigation. Here, we determined the inhibitory effects of PPI on t(8;21) AML cells by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. DAPI staining and Wright–Giemsa staining were performed to check for apoptosis. Detection of apoptotic protein and AML1‐ETO signaling protein expression were conducted by Western blot analysis. Our results suggested that PPI decreased growth and induced apoptosis in a dosage‐dependent manner in the t(8;21) AML cell line Kasumi‐1. PPI significantly downregulated AML1‐ETO expression in a dosage‐ and time‐dependent manner. PPI also upregulated P21 and downregulated survivin expression by reducing AML1‐ETO. Mechanistically, PPI significantly reduced the expression of C‐KIT, another therapeutic target for AML with t(8;21), followed by inhibition of Akt signaling. These results suggest that PPI can suppress growth and induce apoptosis of t(8;21) AML by suppressing the AML1‐ETO and C‐KIT/Akt signaling pathways. Therefore, PPI may be an anticancer therapeutic to treat t(8;21) AML.
An RNase P‐Based Assay for Accurate Determination of the 5′‐Deoxy‐5′‐azidoguanosine‐Modified Fraction of in Vitro‐Transcribed RNAs
Authors: Lyon Seth E. , Chen Tien‐Hao , Wallace Andrew J. , Adib Katie , Gopalan Venkat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemoenzymatic approaches are important for generating site‐specific, chemically modified RNAs, a cornerstone for RNA structure–function correlation studies. T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP)‐mediated in vitro transcription (IVT) of a DNA template containing the G‐initiating class III Φ6.5 promoter is typically used to generate 5′‐chemically modified RNAs by including a guanosine analogue (G analogue) initiator in the IVT. However, the yield of 5′‐G analogue‐initiated RNA is often poor and variable due to the high ratios of G analogue:GTP used in IVT. We recently reported that a T7RNAP P266L mutant afforded an approximately three‐fold increase in fluorescent 5′‐thienoguanosine‐initiated pre‐tRNACys compared to the wild type T7RNAP. We have further explored the use of T7RNAP P266L to generate 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐azidoguanosine (azG)‐initiated RNA and found that the mutant yielded approximately four times more azG‐initiated pre‐tRNACys than the wild type in an IVT containing a 10:1 ratio of azG:GTP. For accurate quantitation of the 5′‐azG‐initiated RNA fraction, we employed RNase P, an endonuclease that catalyzes the removal of the 5′‐leader in pre‐tRNAs. Importantly, we show herein how RNase P can be leveraged for assessing 5′‐G analogue incorporation in any RNA by rendering the target RNA, upon its binding to a customized external guide sequence RNA, into an unnatural substrate of RNase P. Such an approach in conjunction with T7RNAP P266L‐based IVT should aid chemoenzymatic methods that are designed to generate 5′‐chemically modified RNAs.
Feasibility and characterization of the cycloamylose production from high amylose corn starch
Authors: Park Jiwoon , Rho Shin‐Joung , Kim Yong‐Ro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesCycloamylose (CA), a promising encapsulating agent, was efficiently produced from high amylose corn starch (HACS, HYLON® VII) by sequentially combined enzyme treatment of isoamylase and Thermus aquaticus 4‐α‐glucanotransferase (TAαGT). The CA production performance of HACS was compared with that of rice starch (RS), especially from the viewpoint of differences in their molecular characteristics.FindingsThe maximum conversion yield of CA from HACS reached 76.35%, which was 2.4 times higher than that of RS (31.36%). The degree of polymerization (DP) of CA produced from HACS ranged from 7 to 41, where a major portion lied in DP 23–41, with DP 26 showing the highest yield. In contrast, CA produced from RS showed a relatively larger amount of smaller cyclic glucans (DP 6–16).ConclusionsThe significantly high production yield and DP profile of CA were attributed to high apparent amylose content and long average amylopectin branch chain length of HACS compared to those RS.Significance and noveltyThis study can provide a better understanding of CA production depending on starch molecular characteristics and attract industrial consideration in utilizing HACS for CA production.
Improving the Performance of Micro‐Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries with a Functional Carbon Nanotube Interlayer
Authors: Wei Denghu , Gao Xiang , Zeng Suyuan , Li Haibo , Li Huaiyong , Li Wenzhi , Tao Xuquan , Xu Leilei , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is currently intense research interest in silicon based anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. Modification approaches for nano‐sized silicon materials are popular, while much less attention has been paid on irregular bulk silicon particles. Here, we report that soft multiwall carbon nanotube membranes could be functioned as a shield on low‐cost micro‐sized silicon anodes to improve the cycling stability. The micro‐sized silicon could deliver a high reversible capacity of over 1000 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.36 A g−1 with the protection of a soft multiwall carbon nanotube membrane. Furthermore, the capacity could also be retained at ∼610 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 1200 cycles. The much improved performance upon cycling is mainly attributed to the alleviation of the large volume change. This strategy has also been proved effective in traditional nano‐silicon anodes, as a quite high capacity of about 5 mAh cm−2 could be obtained after 200 cycles. Overall, simply using a soft multiwall carbon nanotube membrane is a so far overlooked strategy, which is effective for improving performance of silicon anodes.
Photocatalytic Properties Dependent on the Interfacial Defects of Intergrains within TiO2 Mesocrystals
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Qifeng , Luan Qingrui , Duan Ran , Guan Ruifang , Cao Xingzhong , Hu Xun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe regulation of interfacial defects of nanocrystals aligned orderly in a superstructured photocatalyst is an effective approach to improve the photocatalytic performance. However, the synthesis of ordered self‐assemblies with abundant interfacial defects and reactive sites is hard to achieve, and applications are limited due to the unclear physicochemical properties, which result from the unique mesocrystalline microstructures. It is reported herein that the photocatalytic properties depend on the interfacial defects of intergrains in anatase TiO2 mesocrystals (TMCs). Research reveals that the photocatalytic activity largely depends on defects, such as lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies, which are located at highly aligned interfaces of intergrains within TMCs. Moreover, the mesocrystalline TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalytic performance in organic degradation and hydrogen evolution, compared with single crystals and polycrystals; this can be ascribed to an appropriate amount of interfacial defects at the intergrains and improved carrier separation efficiency through the highly oriented interfaces. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the TMCs could be further improved through regulation of defects by undergoing an annealing process under a redox atmosphere. This work can provide an avenue to defect engineering for improved photocatalytic performance.
Diprotonation of Guanidine in Superacidic Solutions
Authors: Morgenstern Yvonne , Zischka Florian , Kornath Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGuanidinium chloride reacts with the superacidic solutions HF/MF5 (M=As, Sb) at a molar ratio of 1:2 under formation of the diprotonated guanidinium salts [C(NH2)2(NH3)][AsF6]2 and [C(NH2)2(NH3)][SbF6]2. The compounds were characterized by using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of the guanidinium(2+) salts [C(NH2)2(NH3)][SbF6]2⋅HF, [C(NH2)2(NH3)]2[Ge3F16]⋅HF, and [C(NH2)2(NH3)]2[Ge3F16]⋅2 HF and the guanidinium(1+) salt [C(NH2)3][SbF6] is reported. The discussion of the experimental data is supported by quantum‐chemical calculations of the [C(NH2)2(NH3)]2+ and [C(NH2)3]+ ions to investigate the modification of the resonance stabilization during the protonation process at the PBE1PBE/6–311G++(3df,3pd) level of theory. The planar CN3 skeleton of the guanidinium(2+) ion has two carbon–nitrogen bonds in the range 1.286(4)–1.293(4) Å and one carbon–nitrogen bond of 1.453(4) Å, which can be explained with a decreased resonance stabilization relative to the guanidinium(1+) ion.
Catalytic Isohypsic‐Redox Sequences for the Rapid Generation of Csp3‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Smith Craig D. , Phillips David , Tirla Alina , France David J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by transition metals are among the most influential in modern synthetic chemistry. The vast majority of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings rely on a catalytic cycle involving alternating oxidation and reduction of the metal center and are generally limited to forging just one type of new bond per reaction (e.g., the biaryl linkage formed during a Suzuki cross‐coupling). This work presents an Isohypsic‐Redox Sequence (IRS) that uses one metal to effect two catalytic cycles, thereby generating multiple new types of bonds from a single catalyst source. We show that the IRS strategy is amenable to several widely used transformations including the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, Buchwald–Hartwig amination, and Wacker oxidation. Furthermore, each of these reactions generates value‐added heterocycles with significant sp3‐C (3‐dimensional) content. Our results provide a general framework for generating complex products by using a single metal to fulfill multiple roles. By uniting different combinations of reactions in the isohypsic and redox phases of the process, this type of catalytic multiple bond‐forming platform has the potential for wide applicability in the efficient synthesis of functional organic molecules.