bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaningful Patient Participation in Health Care Education: A Theoretically Informed Study Exploring Boundaries and Identities
Authors: Bennett-Weston Amber , Gay Simon , Anderson Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
After recent policy and practice changes, health care schools are expected to involve patients as partners in the management, design, and delivery of professional curricula. However, what these partnerships mean for academic communities and the processes needed to support them are not yet understood. This study examines what involving patients as partners within an academic community means for key stakeholders.

Method
A qualitative case study design with a social constructivist philosophical stance was used. Communities of practice served as the theoretical framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients and educators from the University of Leicester between November 2021 and May 2022. Focus groups were held with penultimate-year students. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by communities of practice.

Results
The sample comprised 40 participants. Ten patients and 10 educators participated in 40- to 60-minute interviews. Twenty students participated in 1 of 5 focus group discussions lasting 30 to 50 minutes. Two overarching themes were reported: “boundaries as (permeable) barriers to participation” and “identity as an interpretive lens.” Boundaries among patients, educators, and students can hinder patients’ meaningful involvement in health care education. Boundaries are marked through differences in knowledge, a lack of shared vision, and a lack of trust in patients. Patients, educators, and students have separate distinct identities. They experience tensions of identity when they meet across boundaries. These tensions reveal insights into the construction of the typical patient identity in health care education.

Conclusions
Applying communities of practice illuminated boundary and identity issues that patients, educators, and students experience when patients are involved in health care education. Health care schools should develop comprehensive training for patients, provide faculty development regarding patient involvement, support students to trust in patient teachers, and embed a distinctive strand of patient involvement across health care curricula.
Study on the Effect of Adipose Tissue on Neutron Dose Evaluation for the Human Body Using Voxel Phantoms with Different Weight
Authors: Xu Xu , Yuan Yong , Zhang Xiao-Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When human body is irradiated by neutrons, the adipose content has a significant impact on the neutron dose and induced 24Na activity. To investigate the effect of human adipose content on the conversion coefficients from 24Na activity to neutron dose, five male adult reference computational phantoms with weights ranging from 73.5 kg to 136.5 kg were used. The Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code was used to calculate the neutron absorbed dose and the yield of induced 24Na in the phantoms irradiated by 252Cf neutrons and monoenergetic neutrons. The results showed that the difference in the conversion coefficients from 24Na activity to neutron absorbed dose among the five phantoms irradiated by 252Cf neutrons with anterior posterior (AP) geometry was ≤23.30%, and this difference was attributed mainly to the neutron absorbed dose, which increases with increasing adipose content. Considering the self-absorption of gamma rays in the human body, the counts of 24Na characteristic gamma rays measured directly by the radiation detector outside of the body have no significant trend varying with adipose content, and the difference in the conversion coefficients from the measured counts to neutron dose among the five phantoms irradiated by 252Cf neutrons with AP geometry was ≤5.25%.
Pancreatic Cystic Lesions in Children
Authors: Mark Jacob A. , Zheng Yuhua , Franco Salvador Rodriguez , Khalaf Racha T. , Trout Andrew T. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Piester Travis L. , Del Chiaro Marco , Abu El-Haija Maisam , Wilsey Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Pediatric pancreatic cystic lesions (PPCLs) are uncommon and differ from adult pancreatic cystic lesions. Literature is limited on the etiologies, evaluation, and management of PPCL. A multidisciplinary working group formed to provide a comprehensive description of PPCL and recommend best available evidence-based evaluation and management.

Materials and Methods
The PPCL working group performed a scoping review by 2 methods: 1) a targeted literature review to describe PPCL and 2) a systematic literature review for management recommendations for PPCL. The systematic review was completed using a 2-stage sifting approach: title and abstract screening followed by a full text review.

Results
One hundred thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review and an additional 20 were included in the targeted search to complete a comprehensive list of PPCL. Five neoplastic PPCL and 10 nonneoplastic PPCL were identified, and prevalence of different cystic lesions differs widely in adults and children. Recommendations on evaluation and management of PPCL are presented based on best available evidence.

Conclusions
We present a comprehensive review and evidence-based management recommendations with management algorithms for pediatric pancreatic cystic lesions. Given the rarity of many of these entities, this review also highlights many aspects of PPCL, which are not adequately described in the current literature.
Predictors of Mortality and Neurological Complications in a Large Cohort of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Moradi Choghakabodi Parastoo , Hosseinzadeh Mofid , Yakhchali Dehkordi Neda , Pouladzadeh Mandana , Shalilahmadi Davood 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the association between the baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and their risk of subsequent development of neurological complications and mortality.

Methods:
This retrospective, single-center cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who presented to the Emergency Department of Razi Hospital. Patients’ charts were reviewed to collect baseline clinical and laboratory data.

Results:
Of 2205 patients with COVID-19, 1473 (66.8%) developed various neurological complications in addition to other symptoms. Among the 168 patients who died, 66.66%, 43.5%, and 25% had a history of neurological disorders, encephalopathy, and stroke, respectively. Disease severity was significantly associated with comorbidities, hypoxemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated ESR, hypomagnesemia, stroke, and encephalopathy (P<0.05). The risk of death remained strongly linked to older age, comorbidities, severe infection, ICU admission, and extended hospitalization (P<0.05), even after adjustments, indicating they are potential confounders for other variables. More importantly, in non–critically ill patients, there was no significant association between the risk of death and hypoxemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypomagnesemia, stroke, and encephalopathy (P>0.05). Moreover, the association between encephalopathy and other factors was greatly influenced by disease severity. Nonetheless, older age, comorbidities, and anemia remained significant predictors of stroke even after adjusting for confounders (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The high rates of neurological disorders among deceased patients with COVID-19 underscores the need for early prediction and management of these complications. Moreover, neurological disorders were linked to an increased risk of death because they tend to be present in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU with extended hospitalization.
Case Management Consultant to Attorneys in Litigated Cases
Authors: Preston Karen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rehabilitation nurses possess knowledge and skills that are ideally suited to a variety of roles. This article informs rehabilitation nurses about opportunities to work in private case management for medical-legal cases. A brief overview of the process of litigation gives nurses the context in which case management interventions are needed. Case examples illustrate the services that nurses provide to attorneys and their clients that help obtain needed care and aid in progressing litigation to resolution.
World Health Organization Rehabilitation 2030
Authors: Vaughn Stephanie , Cournan Michele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Rehabilitation 2030: Call to Action initiative highlighted the global unmet need for rehabilitation services and the importance for enhancing health systems in low- and middle-income countries to deliver these services. Dedicated interprofessional volunteers, such as Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) nurse leaders, have been integral in working with the technical groups to develop the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework and the Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation. These resources are available for countries to “adopt and adapt.” The recent launch of the World Rehabilitation Alliance is important to note as they support the Rehabilitation 2030’s mission through advocacy activities and offers an opportunity for further ARN involvement.
Postinsertion Management of Cholecystostomy Tubes for Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spota Andrea , Shahabi Ali , Mizdrak Emma , Englesakis Marina , Mahbub Fabiha , Shlomovitz Eran , Al-Sukhni Eisar 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGD) is indicated to treat high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Trends suggest increasing use of PGD over time as the population ages and lives longer with multiple comorbidities. There is no consensus on the management of cholecystostomies tube once inserted. This review aims to synthesize and describe the most common protocols in terms of the need and timing of follow-up imaging, management of a destination tube, timing of tube removal, and optimal interval time from tube positioning to delayed cholecystectomy.

Methods:
The study protocol has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews–PROSPERO. Studies on adult patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis who underwent a PGD from 2000 to November 2023 were included. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. The quality assessment tools provided by the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) were applied and descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
We included 22,349 patients from 94 studies with overall fair quality (6 prospective and 88 retrospective). In 92.7% of papers, the authors checked by imaging all patients with a PGD (41 studies included). Depending on protocol time, 30% of studies performed imaging within the first 2 weeks and 35% before tube removal (40 studies included). In the case of a destination tube, 56% of studies reported removing the tube (25 studies included). In the case of tube removal, the mean time after insertion was more than 4 weeks in 24 of the 33 included studies (73%). Interval cholecystectomies are more frequently performed after 5 weeks from PGD (32/38 included studies, 84%). Limitations included high clinical heterogeneity and prevalent retrospective studies.

Conclusions:
A standard management for percutaneous cholecystostomy after insertion is difficult to define based on existing evidence, and currently we can only rely on the most common existing protocols.
Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Obed-Arthur Nketia , Casale Ella , Harvey Eleanor J , DeBrun Caroline , Finistrella Viviana , Gilham Ellie , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
There is sufficient evidence to support the notion that the rate of infection is higher in vulnerable groups than in the wider population. This scoping review sought to further elucidate the relationship between health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infections in high-income countries.
Methods
Factors associated with health inequalities were defined as socioeconomic status and deprivation (employment status, income levels, deprivation categories); protected characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability); inclusion health groups (migration status, sex workers, people who inject drugs, the homeless) and geography (urban or rural dwelling).
The search was conducted on Embase, Google and Medline. Exclusion criteria were defined as papers that were either published pre-2010, set in low- or middle-income countries, or that covered viral, parasitic, or fungal pathogens. Key pathogens and infections to include were determined by review of the UK antimicrobial resistance (AMR) National Action Plan.
Results
The search yielded 293 papers; of which, 70 were eligible for review. The most frequently reported infections were sexually transmitted infections (STIs), infectious diseases e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosisand sexually transmitted blood-borne infections. Most papers reviewed cited multiple health inequalities factors, most notably ethnicity (21/70), race (18/70), age (14/70), sex (13/70) and socio-economic status and deprivation and inclusion health groups (especially sex workers and people experiencing drug and alcohol dependence).

Conclusion
Evidence has emerged highlighting a important association between factors commonly associated with health inequalities and the increased risk of bacterial infections within high-income countries. Notably, ethnic populations, members of the LGBTQ+ community, people experiencing homelessness and those of a poor socioeconomic status are at a higher risk of bacterial infection.
The founder missense mutation ofWFDC2in Koreans leads to severe respiratory distress accompanied by bronchiectasis and rhinosinusitis
Authors: Roh Jae Won , Oh Jiyoung , Kim Se Jin , Hong Ji Won , Ohk Jiyeon , Shim Hyo Sup , Cho Hyung-Ju , Woo Ala , Kim Song Yee , Kang Young Ae , Jung Hosung , Kim Kyung Won , Park Moo Suk , Gee Heon Yung 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic airway diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) pose substantial clinical challenges. This study explores the p.C97W variant inWFDC2, proposed as a new genetic origin of respiratory distress, especially among Koreans.MethodsWhole-exome/genome sequencing (WES/WGS) were performed on 64 patients from 62 families presenting with severe bronchiectasis and chronic rhinosinusitis.In vitroanalyses and protein modeling were utilized to evaluate the functional implications of theWFDC2variant.ResultsPathogenic variants were found in 11.3% of families, including a novel homozygousWFDC2missense variant (c.291C>G, p.Cys97Trp) in five unrelated families, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The variant, rare globally but more frequent in Koreans, caused persistent wet cough, chronic rhinosinusitis, and bronchiectasis in affected patients. Lung tissue pathology showed chronic inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. The p.C97W variant impaired WFDC2 protein folding, secretion, and function.ConclusionsThe p.C97W variant inWFDC2is a critical genetic factor in severe chronic airway disease that shares clinical features with CF and PCD. Given its implications for diagnosis and treatment, genetic testing forWFDC2mutations in individuals with CF or PCD-like symptoms is recommended.
Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Outcomes: A Machine Learning Approach Leveraging a Large Administrative Claims Database
Authors: Liu Yijun , Oloko-Oba Mustapha , Wood Kathryn , Lloyd Michael S. , Ho Joyce C. , Hertzberg Vicki Stover 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is an effective treatment for reducing episodes and improving quality of life in patients with AF. However, in some patients there are only modest long-term AF-free rates after AF ablation. There is a need to address the limited benefits some patients experience by developing predictive algorithms to improve AF ablation outcomes.ObjectiveThe authors aim to utilize machine learning models on claims data to explore if innovative coding models may lead to better patient outcomes than use of traditional stroke risk score prediction.MethodsThe Merative MarketScan® Research Medicare data was used to examine claims for AF ablation. To predict 1-year AF-free outcomes after AF ablation, logistic regression and XGBoost models were used. Model predictions were compared with established risk scores CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASC. These models were also assessed on subgroups of patients with paroxysmal AF, persistent AF, and both AF and atrial flutter from October 2015 onwards.ResultsThe sample included 14,521 patients with claims for AF ablation. XGBoost achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.525, 0.521, and 0.527 for the entire AF ablation population, female, and male, respectively. Within the subgroups, machine learning models performed the best for the paroxysmal AF subgroup using ICD codes, demographic information, and comorbidity indexes, achieving an AUC of 0.546.ConclusionMachine learning models outperformed CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASC in all AF ablation patient groups (whole population, female, and male). Using patient data for those who had their AF ablation on or after October 2015, machine learning models performed best in all subgroups and the population, indicating that including ICD codes in machine learning models may improve performance.
Safety and Efficacy of Adjunctive Intra-arterial Tenecteplase following Successful Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hou Xianhua , Huang Jiacheng , Guo Changwei , Wang Li , He Yuxuan , Chen Lin , Liu Qu , Wu Junhua , Wu Min , Nguyen Thanh N. , Nogueira Raul G. , Wang Duolao , Saver Jeffrey L. , Zi Wenjie , Zhou Zhenhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdjunct intra-arterial thrombolysis has been shown to potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke who have undergone successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Tenecteplase, known for its enhanced fibrin specificity and extended activity duration, may be a better choice than alteplase for intra-arterial thrombolysis. However, the optimal dose, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial tenecteplase remain unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the optimal dose, safety and efficacy of adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase following successful EVT in LVO patients.Methods and designThis study is a two-part, phase Ib/IIa, multicenter, open-label, 14+8 dose-escalation (Part I) and dose-expansion (Part II) trial conducted in China involving patients LVO patients who achieved successful EVT (defined as the expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [eTICI] grade of 2b50 or higher) within 24 hours of last known well. In Part Ib, the dose escalation will be conducted in up to four tiers of 14+8 patients, starting at 0.03125 mg/kg, to a planned maximum of 0.1875mg/kg, and the primary outcome is symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours. In Part IIa, 157 patients will be randomized among two selected safe doses and a placebo, and the primary outcome will be the proportion of patients with nondisabled outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1) at 90 days.DiscussionsThis pivotal trial will provide important data on adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase following successful EVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO and may support advance of treatment standards.Trial registry numberChiCTR2300073787 and ChiCTR2400080624 (www.chictr.org.cn).
Dividend payout in GCC: the role of board composition and ownership structure
Authors: Tawfik Omar Ikbal , Queiri Abdelbaset , Reyad Sameh 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the extent to which board composition and ownership structure (OS) affect a firm’s dividend payout (DP) policy.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises a total of 1,432 firm-year observations for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nonfinancial firms. Total 179 firms were analyzed from 2009 to 2016. To test the research hypotheses, the paper used panel data analysis (i.e. fixed effects model) and instrumental variable method to ensure the robustness of results against endogeneity effects.

Findings
Corporate governance (CG) variables were found to significantly impact DP. Specifically, independent directors on board, institutional ownership and royal ownership were positively associated with DP. In contrast, board size, management, government and family ownership had a negative association with DP. The empirical evidence presented in this study supports that CG elements can be both an outcome and substitute of DP as a disciplinary mechanism.

Research limitations/implications
This study excluded financial firms from the sample list. Future studies should carry out on financial firms to observe if the findings are different. Future research is suggested to incorporate more CG mechanisms. Future studies are suggested to use a dynamic panel regression due to its advantages.

Practical implications
Practitioners, such as investors and lenders operating in GCC markets, can derive valuable insights from this study regarding the influence of board components on DP policy. The study also provides information about the investment and business environment in GCC.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study lies in providing empirical evidence regarding the impact of CG mechanisms and OS on DP in GCC countries.
Mayora: launching Coffee Joy
Authors: Ghosh Dastidar Surajit 
Published: November 2024

Learning outcomes
This case is written to help students understand the concept of segmentation, targeting and positioning in the context of the biscuit industry. The primary learning objectives can be identified as follows: understand the different categorisation in the biscuit market; analyse the basis of consumer segmentation in the biscuit market; analyse the marketing mix strategy of a firm; and highlight the importance of positioning.

Case overview/synopsis
Rao, the Director (Marketing) of Mayora India Private Limited, was in dilemma as to how to position Coffee Joy biscuits in the Indian market. The Indian market was intensely competitive with major players like Britannia, Parle and ITC capturing a major share of the market. Should he consider the only the south Indian market based on geography?” Or “Should he target the modern aspirational youth of the country who frequent “Starbucks”?

Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for the use in postgraduate course on Marketing particularly on “Segmenting-Targeting-Positioning” (STP) module. The science of STP lies in the collection and analysis of market knowledge and research to understand consumer’s mind, whereas its art lies in generating various implementable alternatives so that the brand can find a place in the hearts and minds of consumers.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS8: Marketing.