bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly linear combining CMOS PA with AAAC
Authors: Jeong G. , Kang S. , Hong S. 
Published: May 2018

A highly linear and efficient CMOS power amplifier (PA) with adaptive auxiliary amplifier control (AAAC) is presented, which makes the common‐gate transistor of an auxiliary amplifier operate in the saturation region for overall output powers. This leads to decrease the AM–PM distortion by reducing the variation of the output susceptance. In addition, the AAAC reduces the current consumption for all power ranges by controlling the auxiliary amplifier. The PA is fully integrated with all matching networks in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. It was measured with an 802.11n 64‐QAM MCS7 signal. It achieved a maximum average power of 19.9 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 28% under an error‐vector magnitude of −25 dB.
Statistical analysis of audible noise generated by AC corona discharge from single corona sources
Authors: Li Xuebao , Wang Jing , Lu Tiebing , Cui Xiang 
Published: May 2018

Time‐domain waveforms of sound pressure pulses generated by alternate current (AC) corona discharge from single corona sources are measured. The pulse amplitude and time interval of sound pressure pulses in positive and negative half cycles are analysed separately due to large differences of the sound pressure pulses in positive and negative half cycles. The influences of instantaneous voltages on the pulse amplitude and time interval are obtained, and statistical distributions of pulse amplitude and time interval are also obtained. Besides, empirical formulas of the pulse amplitude and time interval are derived by numerical fitting method. Based on the statistical results, stochastic simulation of the sound pressure pulses is conducted, and the validity of the simulated results is given by comparing the frequency‐domain results and A‐weighted sound pressure level (SPL) with the measured ones. Finally, the stochastic simulation method is used to discuss modulating influence of AC voltage on the tones emission from AC corona discharge. Besides, the influence of the measurement time on the resultant SPL is also discussed on the basis of the stochastic model. In order to insure the SPL independent of the measurement time, the measurement time should be larger than 0.2 s.
Influence of electromagnetic forces in the gaps of a protective CT
Authors: Suassuna de Andrade Ferreira Regelii , Fernandes de Araujo Jalberth , Andrade Filipe L.M. , Costa Edson G. , Guerra Francisco C.F. 
Published: May 2018

Two of the main problems studied in protective current transformers (CTs) are the saturation and residual flux in the ferromagnetic core. To minimise the effects of high saturation levels and residual flux, a gapped core CT can be employed. Although solving both issues, research reports that the introduction of gaps in the ferromagnetic core can develop into a mechanical fragility when compared with a closed core. However, the fragility is not proven in the research. To investigate the mechanical fragility of a gapped core CT, this research aims to verify the influence of the electromagnetic forces in the gap borders of a protective CT under a short‐circuit condition. The influence was verified in three different gap lengths: 8, 16 and 24 mm. On the basis of the results, the electromagnetic forces in the gap borders of a protective CT did not influence the CT response.
Electrostatic field features on the shortest interelectrode path and a SVR model for breakdown voltage prediction of rod–plane air gaps
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Ruan Jiangjun , Xu Wenjie , Wang Xuezong , Huang Daochun 
Published: May 2018

Electrostatic field distribution has a decisive influence on the strength of air insulation. To predict air‐gap breakdown voltages according to electric field calculation results, a set of electrostatic field features is defined on the shortest interelectrode path of the rod–plane gap. These features are taken as the input parameters of a machine learning model established by support vector regression (SVR), thus to describe their relationships with the output breakdown voltage. Trained by small‐sample data randomly selected according to the distribution ranges of the electric field non‐uniform coefficient, the SVR model is applied to predict the breakdown voltages of rod–plane gaps with the rod diameter of 20, 25 and 30 mm, and the gap distance ranging from 1 to 9 cm. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data, while the mean absolute percentage errors of the six predictions are within 2.5%. Furthermore, the Φ27 mm rod–plane gap breakdown voltages are also predicted, and the results fall in the range between those of Φ25 and Φ30 mm rod–plane gaps, which conform to the actual law. The results validate the validity of the electrostatic field features and the generalisation performance of the SVR model.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces
Authors: Dravins Dainis , Gustavsson Martin , Ludwig Hans-Günter 
Published: May 2018

Context. Spectroscopy across spatially resolved stellar surfaces reveals spectral line profiles free from rotational broadening, whose gradual changes from disk center toward the stellar limb reflect an atmospheric fine structure that is possible to model by 3D hydrodynamics.
Aims. Previous studies of photospheric spectral lines across stellar disks exist for the Sun and HD 209458 (G0 V) and are now extended to the planet-hosting HD 189733A to sample a cooler K-type star and explore the future potential of the method.
Methods. During exoplanet transit, stellar surface portions successively become hidden and differential spectroscopy between various transit phases uncovers spectra of small surface segments temporarily hidden behind the planet. The method was elaborated in Paper I, in which observable signatures were predicted quantitatively from hydrodynamic simulations.
Results. From observations of HD 189733A with the ESO HARPS spectrometer at λ/Δλ~ 115 000, profiles for stronger and weaker Fe I lines are retrieved at several center-to-limb positions, reaching adequate S/N after averaging over numerous similar lines.
Conclusions. Retrieved line profile widths and depths are compared to synthetic ones from models with parameters bracketing those of the target star and are found to be consistent with 3D simulations. Center-to-limb changes strongly depend on the surface granulation structure and much greater line-width variation is predicted in hotter F-type stars with vigorous granulation than in cooler K-types. Such parameters, obtained from fits to full line profiles, are realistic to retrieve for brighter planet-hosting stars, while their hydrodynamic modeling offers previously unexplored diagnostics for stellar atmospheric fine structure and 3D line formation. Precise modeling may be required in searches for Earth-analog exoplanets around K-type stars, whose more tranquil surface granulation and lower ensuing microvariability may enable such detections.
Bounds for signed double Roman k-domination in trees
Authors: Yang Hong , Wu Pu , Nazari-Moghaddam Sakineh , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud , Zhang Xiaosong , Shao Zehui , Tang Yuan Yan 
Published: May 2018

Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and G be a simple and finite graph with vertex set V(G). A signed double Roman k-dominating function (SDRkDF) on a graph G is a function f:V(G) → {−1,1,2,3} such that (i) every vertex v with f(v) = −1 is adjacent to at least two vertices assigned a 2 or to at least one vertex w with f(w) = 3, (ii) every vertex v with f(v) = 1 is adjacent to at least one vertex w with f(w) ≥ 2 and (iii) ∑u∈N[v]f(u) ≥ k holds for any vertex v. The weight of a SDRkDF f is ∑u∈V(G) f(u), and the minimum weight of a SDRkDF is the signed double Roman k-domination number γksdR(G) of G. In this paper, we investigate the signed double Roman k-domination number of trees. In particular, we present lower and upper bounds on γksdR(T) for 2 ≤ k ≤ 6 and classify all extremal trees.
Reconstruction of Knee Defects Using Pedicled Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap with Split-Thickness Skin Grafting: A Single Surgeon's Experience with 21 Patients
Authors: Kilic Ali , Denney Brad , de la Torre Jorge 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGenerally, reconstruction of knee defects with exposed bone, joint, tendon, and/or hardware requires a vascularized muscle flap for coverage. Although there are several surgical options for a knee defect reconstruction, the pedicled gastrocnemius muscle still remains the workhorse flap. Although this flap is commonly used for knee defect reconstruction and the technique is described very well, there is an absence of information in the literature detailing the technique of harvesting and insetting of the gastrocnemius flap step by step with illustrations. The purpose of this article is to describe in detail the technique to reconstruct defects of the knee with pedicled gastrocnemius muscle flap as well as to present demographics and surgical results of 21 patients who had knee reconstruction with a pedicled gastrocnemius muscle flap and split-thickness skin grafting.
Quality and Variability of Online Physical Therapy Protocols for Isolated Meniscal Repairs
Authors: Trofa David P. , Parisien Robert L. , Noticewala Manish S. , Noback Peter C. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Moutzouros Vasilios , Makhni Eric C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ideal meniscal repair postoperative rehabilitation protocol has yet to be determined. Further, patients are attempting to access health care content online at a precipitously increasing rate given the efficiency of modern search engines. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the quality and variability of meniscal repair rehabilitation protocols published online with the hypothesis that there would be a high degree of variability found across available protocols. To this end, Web-based meniscal repair physical therapy protocols from U.S. academic orthopaedic programs as well as the first 10 protocols identified by the Google search engine for the term “meniscal repair physical therapy protocol” were reviewed and assessed via a custom scoring rubric. Twenty protocols were identified from 155 U.S. academic orthopaedic programs for a total of 30 protocols. Twenty-six protocols (86.6%) recommended immediate postoperative bracing. Twelve (40.0%) protocols permitted immediate weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) postoperatively, while the remaining protocols permitted WBAT at an average of 4.0 (range, 1–7) weeks. There was considerable variation in range of motion (ROM) goals, with most protocols (73.3%) initiating immediate passive ROM to 90°. The types and timing of strength, proprioception, agility, and pivoting exercises advised were extremely diverse. Only five protocols (16.7%) employed functional testing as a marker for return to athletics. The results of this study indicate that only a minority of academic orthopaedic programs publish meniscal repair physical therapy protocols online and that within the most readily available online protocols there are significant disparities in regards to brace use, ROM, weight-bearing, and strengthening and proprioception exercises. These discrepancies reflect the fact that the best rehabilitation practices after a meniscal repair have yet to be elucidated. This represents a significant area for improved patient care through standardization.
Proposal for Modification of Cahan's Criteria Utilizing Molecular Genetic Analyses for Cases without Baseline Histopathology: A Unique Method Applicable to Primary Radiosurgery
Authors: Rusheen Aaron , Smadbeck James , Schimmenti Lisa , Klee Eric , Link Michael , Vasmatzis George , Carlson Matthew 
Published: May 2018

Background Cahan's criteria have been utilized since 1948 to establish causality between prior radiation treatment and the development of secondary malignancy. One major criterion specifies that histological and radiographic evidence collected before and after radiation treatment must confirm separate tumor types; however, pretreatment biopsy is rarely obtained prior to radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma and many other skull base and cranial lesions. Therefore, in these cases Cahan's criteria cannot be validly applied.
Objective This article proposes an update to Cahan's criteria using modern molecular genetic analysis for cases lacking baseline histopathology.
Methods Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of a cerebellopontine angle undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UHGPS) that developed after stereotactic radiosurgery of a presumed benign vestibular schwannoma.
Results Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of the sarcoma revealed complex chromosomal aberrations. Notably, the tumor contained a deletion in the NF2 gene at 22q12 and an in-frame deletion on exon 5 of the remaining copy of NF2. Biallelic events impacting NF2 are atypical for UHGPS but are characteristic for vestibular schwannoma. These findings help support the conclusion that the UHGPS arose from a benign vestibular schwannoma all along.
Conclusions Next-generation sequencing can be successfully applied to a radiation-induced sarcoma when both the original and malignant tumors harbor separate signature genetic markers. As our understanding of the genetic profile of various tumors expand, we believe that next-generation sequencing and other genomic tools will play an increasingly important role in establishing causality between radiation and the development of secondary malignancy.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Zappia Marcello , Oliva Francesco , Chianca Vito , Di Pietto Francesco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRotational stability of the knee involves not only the cruciate ligaments but also another structure named anterolateral ligament (ALL), the function of which is still controversial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-resolution ultrasound (US) examination to detect the ALL. We studied 8 cadaveric knees (8 ALLs). On each knee, high-resolution real-time ultrasonography examination was performed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist before and after the procedure, with the surgeons blind to the results of the scan both before and after dissection. The ALL was identified in each cadaver limb by the musculoskeletal radiologist. US is a useful imaging modality to identify and evaluate the ALL. The ability of US to fully evaluate injuries involving the ALL still needs to be demonstrated in a clinical setting.
Das geschwollene Knie
Authors: Bastian H. , Jagielski M. W. , Arens S. , Feist E. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDas geschwollene Kniegelenk ist in der orthopädischen und rheumatologischen Praxis vergleichsweise häufig anzutreffen. Betroffene Patienten erleben eine erhebliche Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität und Produktivität. Auf der einen Seite ist das Kniegelenk aufgrund seines anatomischen Aufbaus und seiner Funktion anfällig für Verschleiß und Verletzung, zum anderen ist es, unabhängig von degenerativen Veränderungen und traumatischen Ereignissen, häufig von entzündlichen Erkrankungen betroffen. In Abhängigkeit von z. B. Alter des Patienten, Beginn und Dauer der Beschwerden kommen eine Reihe von Diagnosen in Betracht. Dieser Artikel widmet sich schwerpunktmäßig der Differenzialdiagnostik von Kniegelenksschwellungen und beschreibt die typischen
Gold as a catalyst. Part II. Alkynes in the reactions of carbon – carbon bond formation
Authors: Alyabyev Sergey B. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: May 2018

This publication continues the series of reviews devoted to the current state of gold catalysis in organic chemistry. The second review addresses Au-catalyzed reactions of alkynes, giving rise to carbon – carbon bonds. Most of the described reactions are addition reactions involving the triple bond of alkynes. The review covers both intramolecular reactions, including cyclization of various substrates (enynes, diynes, enediynes, etc.) and enyne isomerization without ring formation, and intermolecular reactions, including alkyne reactions with alkenes, other alkynes, heteroaromatic compounds, etc., in particular, tandem reactions. A special part is devoted to dual gold catalysis involving the intermediate formation of binuclear complexes with σ- and π-coordinated metal atoms. The last part of the review deals with the carbon – carbon bond formation reactions in which the alkyne triple bond is retained.
The bibliography includes 369 references.
Register variation in written contact varieties of English
Authors: Kruger Haidee , Rooy Bertus van 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious research suggests there are register differences between native and non-native varieties of English, as well as translated English. This article reports on a multidimensional (MD) analysis of register variation in the published written registers of 16 varieties of English, and tests expectations for register variation in contact varieties evident from existing research. The study finds that the effects ofvarietyandregisterare largely independent of each other, indicating that overall, registers pattern in similar ways across varieties.registeris the strongest factor accounting for variance in the data, butvarietyalso contributes significantly to variation. Non-native varieties before phase four in the Dynamic Model (Schneider 2007) and translations draw more extensively on markers of formality than non-native varieties at phase four and native varieties. Contact varieties display fewer involvement features than native varieties. Persuasive strategies and reported speech are variable across varieties, suggesting local stylistic and cultural differences.
Epicene pronouns in intermediate to advanced EFL writing
Authors: Stormbom Charlotte 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince the second wave of feminism, non-sexist language use has become an increasingly important topic. A key issue in English is the choice of epicene pronouns, i.e. pronouns that refer to both sexes. Despite the global nature of English, little research has addressed this topic in EFL contexts. This study examines the use of the epicene pronounshe, he or she, andtheyin two L1 and L2 corpora of student writing. The corpus analyses show that, overall, the L2 English speakers usehesignificantly more than the L1 speakers, whereas the L1 speakers usetheymore. Variation found in the L2 subcorpora seems to be partly related to L1 influence: The writers who usehethe most are speakers of gendered L1s with a traditional practice of masculine generics. The study also shows that both L1 and L2 writers are affected by the antecedent type in their pronoun choice.
Does the passé composé influence L2 learners’ use of English past tenses?
Authors: Deshors Sandra C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study explores the uses of the present perfect (PP) and simple past (SP) by French learners of English and assesses how those uses differ from those in native English and those of the passé composé (PC) in native French which, semantically, overlaps with PP and SP. Methodologically, the study is based on over 3,000 contextualized occurrences of PP, SP and PC, and includes cluster and collostructional analyses. Overall, relatively native-like form-function mappings in interlanguage emerge from the analyses, suggesting that, semantically, advanced learners have integrated the uses of past tenses and that the influence of the PC is relatively weak. Further, at an upper-intermediate to advanced proficiency level, learners have integrated the fine-grained contextual information characteristic of the use of English past tenses. Ultimately, the study shows how different methodological designs can lead to varying conclusions on the (non-)nativelike usage patterns of PP in interlanguage.
Investigating L1 lay assessments of L2 French pronunciation
Authors: Lappin-Fortin Kerry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study examined how 10 English Canadian students reading a 122-word passage in French were assessed by a diverse group of 40
native speaker lay listeners in France, thus addressing a lacuna in current pronunciation research. Both stimulus factors and
listener effects were investigated. Quantitative and qualitative data revealed strong correlations between perceptions of
accentedness and comprehensibility, and between lay ratings and those made by two experts. Results highlighted the impact phonemic
errors and rate of speech have on rater judgments, while linkings (liaisons) and other prosodic elements seemed to play a minor
role. Recommendations are made for a follow-up study using a larger sample.
Expressing i think that in Polish
Authors: Kokorniak Iwona , Jajko-Siwek Alicja 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper investigates how four Polish mental predicates, signalling the subject’s of conception thinking process and representing the i think that conceptualisation, differ in usage and what motivates the difference. The verbs’ first person singular present tense forms, in an objective way, signal the speaker’s, i.e. the subject’s of conception, thoughts about the (ir)reality stored in their mind, whereas the content of clause complementation subjectively reveals the object of conception, namely the realm of one’s thoughts. A quantitative corpus-driven analysis implemented in the study presents how formal, semantic and extra-linguistic ‘usage features’ of the complementation interact with the verbs. The findings suggest that the i think that conceptualisation shows linguistic variation in Polish dependent on the temporal realm of the situation described in the complementation, the topic of discourse, and the evaluation of the event described.
An investigation of unaccusativity and word order in Mexican Spanish
Authors: Roggia Aaron B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudies of unaccusativity and word order in Spanish have yielded conflicting results. This study further investigates unaccusativity by testing the ability of the ‘Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy’ (Sorace 2000) to account for word orders with intransitive predicates in Mexican Spanish. The results of an oral production task show significant word order differences between verb categories and locate an unergative/unaccusative cutoff point midway along the hierarchy, situating unaccusativity in Spanish as being similar to Italian but trending in the direction of Dutch or French. Other variables affecting the word order are identified and ranked, including subject heaviness, definiteness, and the location of adverbial phrases. Greater inter-speaker variation at the syntax-discourse interface when compared with the syntax-lexicon interface shows that the Interface Hypothesis has application to native speakers of Spanish. The results of this study are important for current research on unaccusativity and syntactic interfaces.
Clinical sublanguages
Authors: Grön Leonie , Bertels Ann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDue to its specific linguistic properties, the language found in clinical records has been characterized as a distinct sublanguage. Even within the clinical domain, though, there are major differences in language use, which has led to more fine-grained distinctions based on medical fields and document types. However, previous work has mostly neglected the influence of term variation. By contrast, we propose to integrate the potential for term variation in the characterization of clinical sublanguages. By analyzing a corpus of clinical records, we show that the different sections of these records vary systematically with regard to their lexical, terminological and semantic composition, as well as their potential for term variation. These properties have implications for automatic term recognition, as they influence the performance of frequency-based term weighting.