bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Modellierungsansatz für eine Systemarchitekturbeschreibung von Automotive-Systemen mit MARTE und SysML
Authors: Ribeiro Fabíola Gonçalves C. , Rettberg Achim , Pereira Carlos E. , Soares Michel S. 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Eine Systemarchitektur sollte die entsprechenden Funktionen, Dienste und Einschränkungen des Systems unter verschiedenen und verständlichen Beschreibungen darstellen. In dieser Arbeit werden Strategien für Architekturentwurfe vorgestellt und für Echtzeit- und Eingebettete Systeme (RTES) analysiert. In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir ein praktisches Entwurfsmodell einer Architektur für Automobilsysteme anhand von sogenannten Entwurfs-Sichtweisen. Modelle werden in den operativen, funktionalen, logischen und technischen Sichtweisen eines Systems betrachtet und können bei frühen Entwurfsbeschreibungen mehrere funktionale und nicht funktionale Eigenschaften von RTES darstellen. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz wird in einer industriellen Fallstudie im Automobilbereich evaluiert. Zusätzlich zur Definition der Sichtweisen stellt diese Untersuchung einen spezifischen Rahmen für die RTES-Entwicklung vor. Diese Strategie des Entwurfs kann die Eigenschaften der RTES hervorheben und das System auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen beschreiben. Darüber hinaus wird durch Experteninterviews aus den jeweiligen Systementwurfsdomänen eine Qualitative Bewertung vorgenommen, um zu analysieren, ob die Modelle der entsprechenden Sichtweisen das erwartete und gewünschte Systemverhalten repräsentieren.
The Effects of Copayments on Healthcare Utilization in Korea’s Medical Aid Program
Authors: Lee Yong-Woo , Lee Yong-Ju 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study empirically tests the effects of the introduction of copayments on healthcare utilization in the Korea’s medical aid program (MAP). Due to a growing concern about overutilization of public healthcare and government’s financial burden, the Korean government reformed the MAP in 2007 and introduced copayments for outpatient care of Type 1 enrollees who had borne no medical treatment cost until the reform. Exploiting the natural experiment of 2007 reform, we perform a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis with propensity score matching and conclude that the introduction of copayments reduces healthcare utilization in the short-run through heterogeneous effect on the outpatient services consumption distribution, but this effect rapidly disappears over time.
Two Rationales for Insufficient Entry
Authors: Chen Linfeng , Li Tan , Qian Bing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study offers two new rationales for insufficient entry in a given industry. The first is the presence of complementary industries. Suppose there is free entry in an industry and the complementary industries are monopolistic. If the number of complementary industries is sufficiently high, then there is insufficient entry. However, if these industries are substitutes, then there is always excessive entry. The second rationale is that there is cost-reducing R&D investment and spillover. When the spillover rate is sufficiently high, there is insufficient entry. Further, we consider the general model and obtain similar results.
B

i
and Branching Strict Nash Networks in Two-way Flow Models: A Generalized Sufficient Condition
Authors: Charoensook Banchongsan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Bi
and branching networks are two classes of minimal networks often found in the literature of two-way flow Strict Nash networks. Why so? In this paper, we answer this question by establishing a generalized condition that holds together several models in the literature, and then show that this condition is sufficient to guarantee their common result: every non-empty component of minimal Strict Nash network is either a branching or Bi
network. This paper, therefore, contributes to the literature of two-way flow Strict Nash networks by merging together several existing works.
A Note on Reference-Dependent Choice with Threshold Representation
Authors: Qin Dan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This note considers reference-dependent choice procedures shaped by a utility function and a threshold function. Alternatives are considered only when the utility gain of moving from the reference is bigger than the threshold. We impose no requirement on the threshold functions whereas previous works characterize the special case of strictly positive threshold functions. We also examine the case when the threshold function depends on both compared alternatives.
Reference interval by the indirect approach of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in a Mediterranean adult population and the association with age and gender
Authors: Lo Sasso Bruna , Vidali Matteo , Scazzone Concetta , Agnello Luisa , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) represents a first-line test in diagnostic algorithms. The estimation of TSH reference intervals (RIs) is still a matter of debate due to the high prevalence of subclinical disease making difficult the definition of truly healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate TSH RIs in healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on TSH concentration.

Methods
Forty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-six TSH data were collected between July 2012 and April 2018 at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo. Common and sex-specific RIs were estimated by Arzideh’s indirect method after exclusion of individuals younger than 15 years, subjects with repeated TSH tests and with abnormal free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) or anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibodies. The combined effect of age and gender on TSH values was evaluated.

Results
RIs estimated in the selected individuals (n = 22602) were, respectively, 0.18–3.54 mIU/L (general), 0.19–3.23 mIU/L (men) and 0.18–3.94 mIU/L (women). Women showed significantly higher median TSH than men (1.46 vs. 1.39 mIU/L; p < 0.0001). Both in men and in women, median TSH decreased along with age; however, although up to 60 years in both men and women showed similar values, afterwards women showed constantly higher TSH than men. Accordingly, statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and age (p = 0.001), suggesting that the effect of age on TSH is different between genders.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the indirect method, with appropriate cleaning of data, could be useful to define TSH RIs.
Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
Authors: Szukiewicz M. , Chmiel-Szukiewicz E. , Kaczmarski K. , Szałek A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous catalytic processes have for years been of crucial importance in the chemical industry, while biocatalitic processes have become more and more important. For both types of the processes the existence of zones without reactants were reported. Despite the fact that the dead zone can appear in real processes relatively often, the most important problem in practice is the real size of a dead zone inside a catalyst pellet or the real depth of penetration reagents in a biofilm and this is still unsolved. The knowledge of the parameters and some information about the process can allow improvement in yield, and selectivity, reduce consumption of catalyst by reducing the bed size etc. Presented in this work is a simple method of predicting the size of the inactive core of a uniformly activated catalyst pellet. The method is based on a simple mathematical model of catalyst pellet with inactive pellet centre and experimental investigations.
Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
Authors: Naneva L. , Nedyalkova M. , Madurga S. , Mas F. , Simeonov V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs a result of increased healthcare requirements and the introduction of genetically modified foods, the problem of allergies is becoming a growing health problem. The concept of allergies has prompted the use of new methods such as genomics and proteomics to uncover the nature of allergies. In the present study, a selection of 1400 food proteins was analysed by PLS-DA (Partial Least Square-based Discriminant Analysis) after suitable transformation of structural parameters into uniform vectors. Then, the resulting strings of different length were converted into vectors with equal length by Auto and Cross-Covariance (ACC) analysis. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical (K-means) Cluster Analysis (CA) was also performed in order to reach a certain level of separation within a small training set of plant proteins (16 allergenic and 16 non-allergenic) using a new three-dimensional descriptor based on surface protein properties in combination with amino acid hydrophobicity scales. The novelty of the approach in protein differentiation into allergenic and non-allergenic classes is described in the article.The general goal of the present study was to show the effectiveness of a traditional chemometric method for classification (PLS–DA) and the options of Cluster Analysis (CA) to separate by multivariate statistical methods allergenic from non-allergenic proteins.
Finite-dimensional complex manifolds on commutative Banach algebras and continuous families of compact complex manifolds
Authors: Yagisita Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLet Γ(M) be the set of all global continuous cross sections of a continuous family M of compact complex manifolds on a compact Hausdorff space X. In this paper, we introduce a C(X)-manifold structure on Γ(M). Especially, if X is contractible, then Γ(M) is a finite-dimensional C(X)-manifold. Here, C(X) denotes the Banach algebra of all complex-valued continuous functions on X.
Synthesis Conditions for LPV Controller with Input Covariance Constraints
Authors: Alhmoud Lina , Al-Jiboory Ali Khudhair 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, novel synthesis conditions for state-feedback Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) controller with Input Covariance Constraints (ICC) are developed. The synthesis conditions achieve the following design requirements 1) some constraints need to be satisfied on the control energy and 2) optimizing the performance outputs for the entire parameter space of the LPV system. These conditions are formulated as convex optimization problem with Parameterized Linear Matrix Inequalities (PLMIs) constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through numerical examples.
The fabrication and characterization of casein/PEO nanofibrous yarn via electrospinning
Authors: Minaei Farzaneh , Ravandi Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini , Hejazi Sayyed Mahdi , Alihosseini Farzaneh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCasein, a natural protein, has been used as a biopolymer-based resource for producing fiber. This fiber provides high comfort properties with a pH close to human skin. This study focused on evaluating the production feasibility of casein nanofiber twisted yarn with the highest protein content in the hybrid yarn, obtaining suitable spinning conditions and desirable properties of the produced yarn. The desirable yarn achieved by composing 90% casein and 10% polyethylene oxide. The yarn strengthened using several types of cross-linking methods and the best technique was obtained to spin an optimized engineered yarn. Consequently, the biodegrading test conducted on the optimized yarn (90% casein and 10% polyethylene oxide blend) in the presence of 40% di-isocyanate as strengthener additive. Observations showed that after ten days, the sample mostly degraded in the solvent and its strength massively reduced so it could be considered as an environmentally friendly, biodegradable fiber.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of flexible h-BN/polyimide composites films with ethyl cellulose
Authors: Liu Lin , Shen Siyu , Wang Yiyao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work focuses on fabricating a flexible and thermally conductive PI composite film. The PI composite film was obtained by blending hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) combined with ethyl cellulose and 2,2’-Bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidine (TFMB) functionalized GO (TFMB- GO) in polyimide (PI). The ethyl cellulose successfully formed the thermal conduction network by promoting the dispersion of h-BN in PI matrix. Thus, the thermal conductivity of the PI composite film with ethyl cellulose could be twice than PI film without ethyl cellulose. Besides, the PI composite film containing 30 wt% of h-BN could still exhibit excellent flexibility. Moreover, the combination of TFMB-GO could increase the tensile strength of the PI composite film by up to 80%. Overall, we provided a novel idea for the preparation of flexible substrate materials with efficient heat dissipation which was convenient and possible to apply widely in the industrial production.
Maize-like ionic liquid@polyaniline nanocomposites for high performance supercapacitor
Authors: Song Honghong , Zhang Jing , Song Pengfei , Xiong Yubing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, ionic liquids (IL) containing carboxyl and different alkyl chains were fabricated and used to dope polyaniline (PANI). The results revealed that IL@PANI composites could be facilely obtained via template-free polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The as-prepared IL@PANI composites were measured by FT-IR, XPS, and SEM. Electrochemical performances of IL@PANI nanocomposites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The results indicate that the alkyl chains of ILs have an important influence on the morphology and capacitance performance of IL@PANI electrode materials. With the shorter alkyl group in ILs, IL@PANI materials presented higher specific capacitance. Especially, 1-vinyl-3-carboxymethyl-imidazolium chloride ([VCMIm]Cl)@PANI composite presented the highest specific capacitance. Cycling performance measurement demonstrated that 82% capacitance retention could be achieved after 1000 cycles in 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution. Therefore, our strategy provides a new technique for PANI nanocomposites with tunable morphology and high performance.
Voigt-based swelling water model for super water absorbency of expanded perlite and sodium polyacrylate resin composite materials
Authors: Tian Yongshang , Tang Yitian , Li Shuiyun , Lv Huanhuan , Liu Peng , Jing Qiangshan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolyacrylate resin composite materials with the mineral exhibit super water absorbency and good degradation ability. In this work, expanded perlite and sodium polyacrylate resin composite materials have been prepared with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), tapioca starch, and expanded perlite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the bonds absorption peaks and morphologies. The results suggest that the expanded perlite can graft on sodium polyacrylate resin, and the optimal distilled water and 0.9% NaCl absorbency are 1079 and 253 g/g when the expanded perlite content is 8 wt%, respectively. The swelling water model of the composite materials is firstly simulated to be Voigt-based model. In addition, the composite materials absorbency that is influenced by special characteristics of the expanded perlite has been shown.
Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms on Websites
Authors: Schulte-Nölke Hans 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The draft of the American Law Institute’s Restatement of Consumer Contracts reflects the jurisdiction of the US courts on the ‘adoption’ (as the draft calls it) of standard contract terms into consumer contracts. This draft is of great value to European lawyers in understanding US developments, but it may also stimulate a reflection on the state and possible evolution of European legal systems. It turns out that in the United States, as in Europe, the law on the adoption of standard contract terms is still heavily influenced by cases from the pre-digital and paleo-digital era. This article explains the rules of the Restatement for the adoption of standard contract terms, tests their functionality, in particular using the example of websites, makes some drafting suggestions and puts forward a proposal for the further development of the law on the adoption of standard contract terms of websites. The adoption of standard contract terms governing the use of a website should not require that consumers receive a notice of the standard contract terms prior to entering that website. The requirements for the adoption of standard contract terms should be seen as mainly, if not only, having the purpose of pinpointing the wording of a contract for later reference if necessary.
Selected components of geological structures and numerical modelling of slope stability
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz D. , Popielski Paweł 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the impact of selected essential aspects of geological structure on the state of slope stability as assessed by changes in the safety factor (SF). The engineering geological slope features that were analysed include: (i) changes in soil cohesion and internal friction angle, (ii) presence of a weak soil layer and its span, (iii) structural discontinuity (i.e. fault), (iv) soil permeability properties and water conditions (i.e. groundwater level, long and heavy rainfall). A certain scheme of slope stability calculations has been proposed for a case involving complex geological conditions. The numerical modelling of a hypothetic slope was performed using the shear strength reduction method based on the finite element method.
Selenium supplementation during fermentation with sugar beet molasses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase bioethanol production
Authors: Faramarzi Sara , Anzabi Younes , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA bench scale submerged fermentation process was used to bioethanol produce using sugar beet molasses andSaccharomyces cerevisiae, as substrate and microbial strain, respectively. Effects of selenium amount on growth ofS. cerevisiaeand bioethanol production were evaluated. The obtained results indicated that growth ofS. cerevisiae(manifested as turbidity intensity) in the samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μg sodium selenite, during aerobic process, was 0.1707, 0.1678, 0.1679, 0.1664, 0.1627 and 0.160% a.u./h (after 14 h incubation), respectively. Statistical analysis based on compression test indicated that there were insignificant (p > 0.05) differences between growth rate of the yeast in the fermented samples containingS. cerevisiaeand 5 to 25 μg selenium salt. Response surface methodology was utilized to evaluate effects of two fermentation parameters namely, amount of selenium (5-25 μg) and substrate brix (10-25°Bx) on the concentration (g/L) of produced bioethanol. Obtained results revealed that maximum bioethanol concentration (55 g/L) was achieved using 15 μg selenium and molasses with 25°Bx. Furthermore, results have also indicated that, without using selenium and using molasses with 25°Bx, bioethanol with concentration of 29 g/L was produced.
Investigating the effectiveness of classical and eco-friendly approaches for synthesis of dialdehydes from organic dihalides
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Ahmed Mukhtiar , Hussain Sarwat , Larik Fayaz Ali , Saeed Aamer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonoaldehydes and dialdehydes are parts of millions of compounds and are extremely versatile intermediates. For the synthesis of monoaldehydes, one impressive approach to date, because of its excellent selectivity, high yield and stability towards over-oxidation and over-reduction, is the oxidation of organic monohalides. Numerous monohalides oxidation based methodologies to afford monoaldehydes are disclosed in literature. In this research work, twelve well-known approaches (well-documented for synthesis of monoaldehydes from monohalides) are investigated for their effectiveness towards synthesis of organic dialdehydes from organic dihalides. The classical approaches under investigation include modified Sommelet oxidation, Kröhnke oxidation, sodium periodate-mediated oxidative protocol, manganese dioxide-based oxidative approach, Kornblum oxidation and Hass-Bender oxidation. The eco-friendly approaches under observation include periodic acid-based IL protocol, periodic acid in vanadium pentoxide-mediated IL method, hydrogen peroxide in vanadium pentoxide-based approach, hydrogen peroxide-mediated IL methodology, IBX-assisted IL protocol and bismuth nitrate-promoted IL technique. In this investigation yield, overoxidation, eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness and recyclability are the main parameters which are under examination. Hopefully, this research will help chemists in carrying out routine operations in organic synthesis and will also be fruitful to select finest synthetic approach, develop further new transformational methodologies and improve current transformational approaches for the synthesis of dialdehydes.
Pyrolysis of palm oil using zeolite catalyst and characterization of the boil-oil
Authors: Abdullah  , Apriyanti Meileni , Sunardi  , Santoso Uripto Trisno , Junaidi Ahmad Budi , Aditiya Dessy , Irawati Utami 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pyrolysis of palm oil is one of the most potential methods to obtain bio-oil. In this study, pyrolysis of palm oil was carried out by using zeolites as a catalyst. The use of HCl and NaOH as activating agents of the zeolites prior to its use in the pyrolysis process was investigated. The result showed that a 1 M concentration of either HCl or NaOH gave an optimum result when the zeolites were used to absorb methylene blue. When 1 M of HCl was used as the activating agent, a more uniform pore size of the zeolites was obtained, along with a more opened pore structure. A GC-MS analysis showed that by using zeolites which was activated using HCl or NaOH, the pyrolysis of palm oil yielded bio-oil with a high content of organic compounds.
Relationships between wood properties of small clear specimens and structural-sized boards in three softwood species
Authors: Krajnc Luka , Farrelly Niall , Harte Annette M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research on the mechanical and physical properties of wood is commonly carried out on either small clear specimens or structural-sized boards. The first approach was more frequently utilized in the past, while the latter is more commonly used nowadays. However, there is very little information on how the two approaches relate with one another. This study aimed to quantify the relationships between the mechanical [modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength] and physical properties (density) of both specimen sizes. A total of 1376 structural-sized boards from three different species (Douglas-fir, Norway spruce and Sitka spruce) were tested in bending, after which a small clear specimen was extracted from the undamaged portion of each board and re-tested in bending. Prior to destructive testing, all boards and clear specimens were evaluated using non-destructive technology. Poor-to-moderate relationships were found between all measured mechanical and physical properties of structural-sized timber and small clear specimens. In both specimen sizes, the properties correlated with one another within the same specimen size, as well as across the two sizes. The strength of correlations appears to be somewhat species dependent. Relatively good relationships were identified when comparing the mean tree values of the properties examined, suggesting either method can be used for a tree-level comparison. The non-destructive evaluation of specimens was shown to reflect the measured properties moderately well, with the relationships changing significantly depending on which measured property was being predicted.