bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a historical epilepsy post‐mortem collection
Authors: Ryniejska Maritchka , El‐Hachami Hanaa , Mrzyglod Alicja , Liu Joan , Thom Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious post‐mortem epilepsy series showed phosphorylated tau (pTau) accumulation in relation to traumatic brain injury (TBI) rather than driven by seizure frequency. The Corsellis Epilepsy Collection, established in the mid‐20th century, represents brain samples collected from patients living with a range of epilepsies from the 1880s to 1990s. Our aim was to interrogate this historical archive to explore relationships between epilepsy, trauma and tau pathology. AT8 immunohistochemistry for pTau was carried out in 102 cases (55% male, with mean age at death of 62 years) on frontal, temporal, amygdala, hippocampal and lesional cortical regions and evaluated using current NINDS criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Braak staging with beta‐amyloid, AT8‐GFAP and other pTau markers (CP13, PHF1, AT100, AT180) in selected cases. CTE‐neuropathologic change (CTE‐NC) was identified in 15.7% and was associated with the presence of astroglial tau, a younger age of onset of epilepsy, evidence of TBI and institutionalisation for epilepsy compared to cases without CTE‐NC, but not for seizure type or frequency. Memory impairment was noted in 43% of cases with CTE‐NC, and a significantly younger age of death; more frequent reports of sudden and unexpected death (p <0.05–0.001) were noted in cases with CTE‐NC. In contrast, a higher Braak stage was associated with late‐onset epilepsy and cognitive decline. Of note, 9% of cases showed no pTau, including cases with long epilepsy duration, poor seizure control and a history of prior TBI. In summary, this cohort includes patients with more severe and diverse forms of epilepsy, with CTE‐NC observed more frequently than reported in non‐epilepsy community‐based studies (0%–8%) but lower than published series from contact sports participants (32%–87%). Although the literature does not report increased epilepsy occurring in CTE syndrome, our findings support an increased risk of CTE in epilepsy syndromes, likely primarily related to increased TBI.
Children and young people's access to food, education, play and leisure in times of crisis: An international, integrative review of policy responses, impacts and adaptations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Andres Lauren , Moawad Paul , Kraftl Peter , Stevens Stuart Denoon , Marais Lochner , Matamanda Abraham , Bizzotto Luciana , Giatti Leandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to an unprecedented global moment when the core needs of children and young people (rights for education, food, play and leisure) were not adequately addressed, recognised from a policy perspective and to varying extents, ignored. This paper, by bringing scholarship and grey literature together, provides an integrative, international, comprehensive review and analysis of how the pandemic affected children's core needs (and rights) simultaneously. It also reviews and compares adaptations—often local, informal and/or community‐led—that attempted to respond to the shortcomings and negative impacts of more formal policy measures, including lockdowns themselves. By doing so, it engages with the question of resilience and calls for children and young people's needs and voices to be heard in the future, particularly considering future forms of crisis‐preparedness that can better account for children and young people's needs.
Frequent Occurrence of High‐Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Histopathological Insight From an Indian Cohort
Authors: Imran Shafaque , Dagar Shivangi , Ahuja Rhea , Swaroop Devesh Kumar Jag , Gupta Somesh , Arava Sudheer , Verma Kaushal K. , Bhari Neetu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genodermatosis, characterized both by premature aging and significantly increased risk of non‐melanoma and melanoma skin cancers at an early age. However, limited literature is available on the common histopathological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in these patients.MethodsIn this ambispective case series, we recruited patients of XP who had either a currently present skin tumor or previously excised one, provided their histopathological sections were available. Cytogenetic analysis was performed in all the patients. The histopathological findings were recorded by two trained dermatopathologists.ResultsOf 22 recruited patients with XP, 12 patients had 41 BCCs, and 23 (56.09%) of them showed a high‐risk histopathological subtype. Basosquamous carcinoma (10, 24.39%) was the most frequent high‐risk tumor followed by infiltrative variant (7, 17.07%). Mixed‐histopathological subtypes were noted in six (14.63%) cases, and all of them had a high‐risk component. The low‐risk subtypes included nodular (n = 17, 41.46%) and superficial BCC (1, 2.43%). Though a deep dermal involvement was seen in 27 (65.85%) lesions, none showed a perineural invasion or necrosis. Three (7.31%) lesions showed ulceration, while 10 (24.39%) showed presence of pigmentation.ConclusionsA frequent occurrence of high‐risk basal cell carcinoma was noted in patients with XP‐mandating creation of appropriate treatment and follow‐up strategies in these patients.
Delineating Notch1 and Notch2: Receptor‐Specific Significance and Therapeutic Importance of Pinpoint Targeting Strategies for Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Tamizhmani Priyadharshini , Balamurugan Banumathi , Thirunavukarasu Kishore , Shanmugam Velayuthaprabhu , Subramaniam Selvakumar , Velusamy Thirunavukkarasu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNotch1 and Notch2, transmembrane receptors belonging to the Notch family, are pivotal mediators of intercellular communication and have profound implications including cell fate determination, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis in various cellular processes. Despite their structural homology, Notch1 and Notch2 exhibit discrete phenotypic characteristics and functional nuances that necessitate their individualized targeting in specific medical scenarios. Aberrant Notch signaling, often driven by the dysregulated activity of one receptor over the other, is implicated under various pathological conditions. Notch1 dysregulation is frequently associated with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, whereas Notch2 perturbations are linked to B‐cell malignancies and solid tumors, including breast cancer. Hence, tailored therapeutic interventions that selectively inhibit the relevant Notch receptor need to be devised to disrupt the signaling pathways driving the specific disease phenotype. In this review, we emphasize the importance of distinct tissue‐specific expression patterns, functional divergence, disease‐specific considerations, and the necessity to minimize off‐target effects that collectively underscore the significance of “individualized” targeting for Notch1 and Notch2. This comprehensive review sheds light on the receptor‐specific characteristics of Notch1 and Notch2, providing insights into their roles in cellular processes and offering opportunities for developing tailored therapeutic interventions in the fields of biomedical research and clinical practice.
Cannabinoid‐like compounds found in non‐cannabis plants exhibit antiseizure activity in genetic mouse models of drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Yip Ka Lai , Udoh Michael , Sharman Laura A. , Harman Thomas , Bedoya‐Pérez Miguel , Anderson Lyndsey L. , Banister Samuel D. , Arnold Jonathon C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe cannabinoid cannabidiol has established antiseizure effects in drug‐resistant epilepsies such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Amorfrutin 2, honokiol, and magnolol are structurally similar to cannabinoids (cannabis‐like drugs) but derive from non‐cannabis plants. We aimed to study the antiseizure potential of these compounds in various mouse seizure models. In addition, we aimed to characterize their molecular pharmacology at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and at T‐type calcium channels, which are known targets of the cannabinoids.MethodsBrain and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles were determined. Antiseizure activity was assessed against hyperthermia‐induced seizures in a Scn1a+/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome. We then elaborated on the most promising compounds in the maximal electroshock (MES) test in mice and the Gabrb3+/D120N mouse model of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Fluorescence‐based assays were used to examine modulatory activity at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and T‐type calcium channel subtypes CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 overexpressed in mammalian cells. Automated patch‐clamp electrophysiology was then used to confirm inhibitory activity on CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 channels.ResultsMagnolol and honokiol had high brain‐to‐plasma ratios (3.55 and 7.56, respectively), unlike amorfrutin 2 (0.06). Amorfrutin 2 and magnolol but not honokiol significantly increased the body temperature threshold at which Scn1a+/− mice had a generalized tonic–clonic seizure. Both amorfrutin 2 and magnolol significantly decreased the proportion of mice exhibiting hindlimb extension in the MES test. Furthermore, magnolol reduced the number and duration of atypical absence seizures in Gabrb3+/D120N mice. The three compounds inhibited all T‐type calcium channel subtypes but were without specific activity at cannabinoid receptors.SignificanceWe show for the first time that amorfrutin 2 and magnolol display novel antiseizure activity in mouse drug‐resistant epilepsy models. Our results justify future drug discovery campaigns around these structural scaffolds that aim to develop novel antiseizure drugs for intractable epilepsies.
Fatigue Behavior of Al/Steel Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds and the Effect of Die‐Press Forming
Authors: Uematsu Yoshihiko , Miyata Ryousuke , Caiza Paul Dario Toasa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT6016‐T4 aluminum (Al) alloy plate was butt welded to the cold‐rolled steel plate by a friction stir welding (FSW) technique, and the fatigue properties of Al/steel dissimilar welds were investigated. Some dissimilar welds were die‐press formed to the hat shape, and specimens were sampled from the corners of the hat shape, where severe plastic deformation occurred by the die‐press forming. The die‐press‐formed samples had better tensile strengths and hardness than the as‐welded ones because of the work hardening. It indicates that the die‐press forming is applicable for the Al/steel dissimilar welds. However, large voids were formed around the steel fragments dispersed into Al matrix by die‐press forming. Those voids acted as the fatigue crack nucleation sites, thus reducing the fatigue lives of the die‐press‐formed specimens. When the bottom side of the welds experienced tension plastic deformation, the fatigue strength was the lowest.
An Optimization Procedure to Convert Time‐Domain Complex Loadings to the Frequency Domain for Low‐Cost Fatigue Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Raphael Paulino , de Lima Cícero Ribeiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe time domain is the most widely chosen alternative in mechanical fatigue tests to completely represent random events. However, the main disadvantages of this approach are the long time required to complete the tests and the high cost of the complex equipment. On the other hand, fatigue test in the frequency domain is a potential alternative to overcome these disadvantages. That is, it requires less sophisticated equipment, because it uses only simple actuators instead of servo actuators. Moreover, the duration of the fatigue test is reduced, because the total length of the event is replaced by constant repetitions and constant damage. The objective of this work is to propose and develop a methodology that uses the results of structural fatigue as a starting point, and through an optimization problem solved by the genetic algorithm, it determines which loads/displacements caused them in the frequency domain. The purpose is to assist future developments in fatigue tests, supplanting tests in the time domain without losing the correlation in results.
Research Situation, Hotspots, and Global Trends in Laser Treatment of Acne Scars: A Bibliometric Analysis of Related Research From 2014 to 2024
Authors: Wen Yang , Cai Yuan , Zhang Lanfang , Li Lin , Wang Jing , Jiang Feng , Sun Nana , Zeng Ni 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, commonly resulting in acne scars. Treating acne scars remains a significant challenge in dermatology. With advancements in laser technology, its clinical use for treating acne scars has been increasing annually. However, bibliometric analysis on laser treatment for acne scars is lacking. This study aims to use bibliometrics to comprehensively understand the development trends and research hotspots in laser treatment for acne scars.MethodsUsing “acne scar” and “laser” as search terms, literature on laser treatment of acne scars from 2014 to 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The literature data were visualized using VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and R software, generating maps of countries, research institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.ResultsThe analysis included 536 articles from 46 countries, with the United States and China leading in publications. Publications focusing on laser treatment of acne scars exhibit a consistent growth trend annually. Key research institutions include Mahidol University in Thailand, Cairo University in Egypt, and Hallym University in South Korea. The “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” had the highest number of articles in this field, while “Dermatologic Surgery” was the most cited publication. These publications involved contributions from 2135 authors, with Professor Manuskiatti Woraphong from Mahidol University in Thailand being the most prolific author in this field. Research on the efficacy of laser treatment for acne scars is a major focus in this field. Among the different types of lasers, CO2 lasers are the most commonly used. Emerging research focuses include therapies such as platelet‐rich plasma, picosecond laser, trichloroacetic acid, and burn scar.ConclusionsTreatment efficacy is the primary focus of research in the field of laser treatment for acne scars. Platelet‐rich plasma, and novel picosecond lasers, have emerged as hot topics and trends in this research field. However, it is important to note that the impact factors of journals publishing in this field are currently low. Therefore, clinicians must consider and explore strategies for publishing high‐quality clinical research in the future.
Longitudinal assessment of thyroid function in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: Clinical outcomes and prevalence of autoantibodies
Authors: Sieber‐Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Riond Barbara , Fracassi Federico , Kuemmerle‐Fraune Claudia , Meunier Solène , Hofmann‐Lehmann Regina , Reusch Claudia E. , Mueller Claudia , Hofer‐Inteeworn Natalie , Boretti Felicitas S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about primary hypoadrenocorticism coexisting with immune‐mediated thyroiditis (Schmidt's syndrome) in dogs is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate thyroid function in dogs with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism before and during treatment.AnimalsSixty‐six client‐owned dogs.MethodsMeasurement of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine, and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, T4, and total triiodothyronine.ResultsThirty‐eight dogs were assessed before and 28 during treatment. Follow‐up data were available for 24/38 and 17/28 dogs, with median follow‐up duration of 3.8 years (range, <1.0‐8.8 years) and 4 years (range, 1.1 weeks to 10.5 years), respectively. Canine thyroid stimulating hormone was above the reference range at the time of diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in 10 of 38 dogs but decreased into the reference range in 7 for which follow‐up data was available. Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 5 dogs at a median age of 11 years (range, 7‐15 years). In 4 dogs, the condition was diagnosed after a median treatment duration of 5.75 years (range, 2.6‐10 years), while in 1 dog, the diagnosis was made concurrently. One dog had detectable thyroid autoantibodies.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHypothyroidism occurs as a rare concurrent condition in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, potentially at any phase of treatment. Close monitoring of cTSH levels in these dogs could be beneficial, as early changes might indicate the onset of hypothyroidism. The low prevalence of detectable thyroid autoantibodies suggests that nonimmune mechanisms might contribute to thyroid dysfunction.
Growth Overcoming Obstacles as a Clinical Nurse Educator: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Choi Gi Won , Chang Sun Ju , Lee Kyoung‐eun , Kim Joo Ri , Jeong Ha Na 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClinical nurse educators (CNEs), responsible for nursing education, have begun to address unresolved issues in nursing education overlooked by preceptorship. However, research on this topic is lacking in South Korea, despite the government's 2019 launch of the CNE support project. This study explored the role experience of CNE in South Korea, focusing on their role challenges and the process of overcoming them. Fifteen CNEs from tertiary or secondary general hospitals in South Korea participated in semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews conducted between August and December 2023. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for conventional content analysis. Four categories emerged: challenges in the role of CNE, personal strategies for growth as a CNE, external support systems for growth as a CNE, and role evolution and emerging challenges for CNEs. This study demonstrates previously unexplored CNE role experiences in South Korea and provides valuable recommendations for enhancing CNE support projects.
ApoEVs Transfer Mitochondrial Component to Modulate Macrophages in Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Lyu Yun , Yu Yejia , Wang Zhuo , Sun Yanping , Li Maojiao , Liang Chao , Tian Weidong , Liao Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveMacrophages are key players in the host immune response to periodontal pathogens and tissue repair. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of apoptotic cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) in modulating the mitochondrial function of macrophages as a mean to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration.Subjects and MethodsApoEVs were extracted from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and characterized to observe their effects on macrophage function. In vivo experiments, ApoEVs were mixed with hyaluronic acid and injected into the periodontal pockets of rats with periodontitis to observe their impact on periodontal tissue regeneration and the immune microenvironment. Functional assays were conducted to confirm whether ApoEVs contained mitochondrial components and which specific components were transferred to regulate macrophage function.ResultsThe experimental findings showed that treatment of ApoEVs efficiently restored the homeostasis of macrophage and improved tissue regeneration in a periodontitis rat model. Mechanism investigation demonstrated that the efferocytosis of ApoEVs resulted in the transfer of mitochondrial components from PDLSCs to macrophage. The increased mitochondrial components within macrophages improved mitochondrial function and polarization of macrophages towards the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, resulting in the improvement of inflammatory environment in periodontal tissues.ConclusionApoEVs can transfer mtDNA to enhance mitochondrial function in macrophages, fostering their transition to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Ultimately, this process improves the immune microenvironment in periodontitis and promotes periodontal tissue regeneration.
Zero‐curvature subconformal structures and dispersionless integrability in dimension five
Authors: Kruglikov Boris , Makhmali Omid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe extend the recent paradigm “Integrability via Geometry” from dimensions 3 and 4 to higher dimensions, relating dispersionless integrability of partial differential equations to curvature constraints of the background geometry. We observe that in higher dimensions on any solution manifold, the symbol defines a vector distribution equipped with a subconformal structure, and the integrability imposes a certain compatibility between them. In dimension 5, we express dispersionless integrability via the vanishing of a certain curvature of this subconformal structure. We also obtain a “master equation” governing all second‐order dispersionless integrable equations in 5D, and count their functional dimension. It turns out that the obtained background geometry is parabolic of the type . We provide its Cartan‐theoretic description and compute the harmonic curvature components via the Kostant theorem. Then, we relate it to 3D projective and 4D conformal geometries via twistor theory, discuss symmetry reductions and nested Lax sequences, as well as give another interpretation of dispersionless integrability in 5D through Levi‐degenerate CR structures in 7D.