bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microwave‐assisted convective drying of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.) using continuous and changeable power radiation
Authors: Mierzwa Dominik , Szadzińska Justyna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractConvective drying is one of the most commonly used methods of food dehydration. This technique allows highly perishable products to be preserved; however, it is simultaneously time‐consuming, energy‐consuming and has a negative impact on the products' quality. In order to eliminate these drawbacks alternative drying methods have been sought. This article concerns the microwave‐assisted convective drying of kale. Eight different drying processes were tested. The influence of both continuous and changeable application of microwaves on process kinetics (drying rate), energy consumption, and quality of product (color and ascorbic acid retention) was analyzed. Additionally, four thin‐layer drying models were used to approximate the experimental data and an effective diffusion coefficient was calculated. It was found that the continuous application of microwaves positively influenced kinetics and energy consumption but may have an adverse effect on the products' quality. In contrast, intermittent‐hybrid schedules were characterized by smaller kinetics advantages but a visibly better quality of product.Practical applicationsIn the face of current environmental problems (reduction of CO2 emissions) and increasing prices for electricity, the high energy consumption in convective processes is encouraging the search for alternative methods of drying food products that are prone to spoilage. Additionally, consumer awareness is growing, which is increasing the demand for high‐quality, safe, food products. This work concerns the optimization of existing technology and the development of new technologies for food drying using microwaves. Microwave radiation is an effective source of energy that allows a significant reduction in drying time and energy consumption; but it can have a negative impact on product quality. The proposed solution is the intermittent use of microwaves; but the matter is not simple because the dielectric properties of food depend on many factors (moisture content, composition, temperature, etc.), which makes the effects of microwave drying difficult to predict. Thus, all research on this topic is valuable.
Effects of ultrasonic and enzymatic treatment on physical and chemical properties of brown rice
Authors: Dang Lien Thi Kim , Therdthai Nantawan , Ratphitagsanti Wannasawat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrown rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) was subjected to ultrasonic treatment (UT) and enzymatic treatment (ET) with cellulase (CT), glucoamylase (GT), and α‐amylase (AT). UT showed no significant effect on thermal properties, crystalline pattern and, glycemic response of brown rice. AT decreased gelatinization enthalpy from 7.19 g/J (control) to 5.31 g/J and reduced degree of crystallinity from 23.06% (control) to 21.02%. These changes significantly increased glycemic index of AT brown rice. CT and GT had insignificant effect on crystallinity and thermal properties of rice. Both UT and ET decreased hardness of cooked rice from 206.05 to 189.63–148.87 N in which the AT cooked rice was the softest. Both AT and UT were potentially used as novel processes to develop the soften brown rice. However, UT brown rice had lower glycemic response, required shorter cooking time, and was more practically produced in industrial scale than ET brown rice.Practical applicationsSoaking is the hydration process, which is normally used for brown rice before cooking. However, it is inconvenient and time‐consuming. Results of this study revealed the effects of enzymatic and ultrasonic treatments (UTs) on modifying of the bran layer and changing of physiochemical properties of rice grains. These changes promoted water uptake, reduced hardness, and improved cooking properties of brown rice. In consideration of glycemic response, UT represents good practice in the production of soften brown rice without soaking before cooking.
Differences in National Diabetes Treatment Patterns and Trends between Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Pilla Scott J. , Segal Jodi B. , Alexander G. Caleb , Boyd Cynthia M. , Maruthur Nisa M. 
Published: January 2019

Background/ObjectivesThe treatment of type 2 diabetes in older adults requires special considerations including avoidance of hypoglycemia, yet variation in diabetes treatment with aging is not well understood. In this study, we compared nationally representative diabetes treatment patterns and trends between older adults (≥65 y) and younger adults (30‐64 y).DesignRepeated cross‐sectional physician surveys from 2006 to 2015.SettingThe National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample of visits to office‐based US physicians.ParticipantsAdults with type 2 diabetes using one or more diabetes medications.MeasurementsProportions of visits in which patients treated with each diabetes medication class were compared between older and younger adults in 2‐year intervals.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2015, the average number of yearly visits for older and younger adults was 25.4 million and 24.2 million, respectively. In 2014‐2015, visits for older compared with younger adults involved less use of metformin (56.0% vs 70.0%; p < .001) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (2.9% vs 6.2%; p = .004), and more use of long‐acting insulin (30.2% vs 22.4%; p = .017); other classes were used similarly. During the study period, long‐acting insulin use increased markedly in older adults, particularly between 2010 and 2015 where it rose from 12.5% to 30.2% of visits (P‐trend <.001). In younger adult visits, long‐acting insulin use increased modestly (17.2% to 22.4%) and at a slower rate compared with older adult visits (p < .001).ConclusionThe ambulatory treatment of type 2 diabetes differs between older and younger adults, with the treatment of older adults characterized by low use of newer diabetes medications and a greater and rapidly increasing use of long‐acting insulin. These findings call for further research clarifying the comparative effectiveness and safety of newer diabetes medications and long‐acting insulin to optimize diabetes care for older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1066–1073, 2019.
A case of ovarian teratoma with nephroblastoma presenting spontaneous rupture
Authors: Nakabayashi Akira , Kanno Toshiyuki , Takahashi Nobuko , Akizawa Yoshika , Onizuka Hiromi , Matsui Hideo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNephroblastoma (also known as Wilms’ tumor) mainly occurs in the kidneys of children. Nephroblastoma outside the kidneys may be observed in three situations: primary disease, metastatic disease and nephroblastoma arising in teratoma. Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) of the adult ovary is a rare tumor and only one case has been reported. We report an unusual adult case of ovarian TWN presented to us with acute abdomen due to the spontaneous rupture of the ovary. The rupture occurred at the site of TWN, while contralateral ovary with only mature cystic teratoma component had no rupture. After one and a half months of the ovary sparing surgery, the tumor disseminated to the splenic hilum and the omentum. A complete staging with maximum cytoreduction followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were performed. She remains disease free until present.
Agglutination of Plant Pathogenic and Certain Other Bacteria by Pectic Polysaccharides from Various Plant Species
Authors: SLUSARENKO A. J. , EPPERLEIN MONICA , WOOD R. K. S. 
Published: January 2019

Part of the acidic pectic polysaccharide fraction from leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Mexican agglutinated cells of several plant pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria.Acidic pectic polysaccharides from leaves of various species and cultivars of higher plants agglutinated cells of Race 1 and 2 of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Race 1 cells were consistently agglutinated more actively than were Race 2 cells, indicating surface differences between the two races. This suggests that interaction of bacteria with pectic polysaccharide is common. There was, however, no correlation of resistance to the two races of P. phaseolicola and agglutination.The possible role of pectic polysaccharide in attachment of bacteria to the plant cell walls in intercellular spaces of leaves is discussed.
Breed‐specific reference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in salukis
Authors: Giraut S. , Häggström J. , Koskinen L. L. E. , Lohi H. , Wiberg M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo establish normal reference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in Salukis and to examine whether bodyweight, age, gender and heart rate had an influence on the echocardiographic variables.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five privately owned healthy purebred Salukis, aged 2 to 10 years were included. Case history was obtained and dogs were examined by physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry and echocardiography. Associations between bodyweight, gender, sex and heart rate and echocardiographic variables were examined using multiple linear regression analysis and allometric scaling. Reference values with 95% prediction intervals were calculated from regression equations.ResultsBodyweight was a significant predictor of left ventricular diameters, left ventricular volumes andE‐point‐to‐septal‐separation. Associations between bodyweight and the echocardiographic variables were best described by multiple linear regression models, providing bodyweight‐based reference values. Age, gender and heart rate had significant effect on some of the echocardiographic variables and were included in the final models. When the equation included heart rate or age, reference values were calculated using mean heart rate value (80 bpm) and median age value (73 months).Clinical SignificanceThis study provides detailed bodyweight‐based echocardiographic values in normal Salukis which can be used as reference values.
Low‐field magnetic resonance changes in the paravertebral musculature of dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion
Authors: Furtado A. R. R. , Cherubini G. B. , Taeymans O. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the MRI features and prevalence of paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes in dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion and to search for associations between the signal changes and clinical history, signalment, neurological examination, serum creatine kinase activity and MRI characteristics of the disc herniation.Materials and MethodsMedical records and MRI examinations from 688 dogs with surgically confirmed acute intervertebral disc extrusion were reviewed retrospectively. T2‐weighted and STIR MRI sequences were available for 276 cases and were examined for paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes. When present, extension, lateralisation and signal characteristics of these changes were recorded. Exclusion criteria were muscle injections 24 hours before MRI scan, trauma and previous spinal surgery.ResultsNineteen dogs met the inclusion criteria. There were signal changes in themultifidusmuscle, mostly in the thoracolumbar region and often extending caudally from the level of the intervertebral disc herniation. Two cases had paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes in the cervical region. MRI signal changes were seen more frequently in the muscles of non‐ambulatory dogs. Clinical history and neuro‐examination did not allow differentiation between dogs with and without paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes.Clinical SignificanceParavertebral muscle signal intensity changes were observed infrequently in the epaxial musculature of 6.9% dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion in both the thoracolumbar and cervical regions. The pathophysiological processes responsible for these MRI changes remain unknown.
Cardiorenal and endocrine effects of synthetic canine BNP1‐32 in dogs with compensated congestive heart failure caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Yata Mariko , Kooistra Hans S. , Beijerink Niek J. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe effects of synthetic brain natriuretic peptide (BNP1‐32) on cardiorenal and renin angiotensin aldosterone system in dogs with naturally occurring congestive heart failure (CHF) are unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the cardiorenal and endocrine effects of SC administered synthetic canine BNP1‐32, with or without furosemide, in dogs with CHF caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).AnimalsSeven client‐owned male dogs with compensated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage C CHF caused by MMVD on chronic treatment with furosemide, benazepril, and pimobendan.MethodsA single‐dose, crossover, pilot study. Each dog received a dose of BNP1‐32 (5 μg/kg), furosemide (2 mg/kg), and both BNP1‐32/furosemide (5 μg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively) SC with a 2‐week washout period among each treatment. Between‐ and within‐treatment effects were evaluated using linear mixed modeling with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and evaluation of least square differences.ResultsRapid absorption of BNP1‐32 and a corresponding rise in urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate excretion was observed at 1‐2 hours after any treatment containing BNP1‐32 (P < .05). However, BNP1‐32 did not influence measured cardiorenal variables. Plasma aldosterone concentrations were below quantifiable levels in majority of the samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNo beneficial cardiorenal effects were detected. It is possible that dogs with chronic CHF have a reduction in natriuretic peptide responsiveness.
Injury pattern recognition to discriminate competing causes of liver injury
Authors: Talaat Nizar , Tillmann Hans L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompeting causes of liver injury may be difficult to discriminate. Characterization of the typical phenotype of each injury defined by latency, time to improvement and biochemical pattern, could be helpful to identify the most likely of competing causes.MethodsLiver injury characteristics of both bortezomib‐associated drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation associated with bortezomib are derived from PubMed listed publications.ResultsBortezomib‐associated DILI has very short latency of days and AP is found elevated, while liver injury due to HBV reactivation occurs after several months of bortezomib therapy. Therefore, a patient's liver injury pattern occurring 3 months into bortezomib therapy should be attributed to HBV reactivation.DiscussionIdentification of liver injury characteristics for competing causes of liver injury can be helpful to identify the most likely cause and improve clinical outcome.
Kokugaku and an alternative account of the emergence of nationalism of Japan
Authors: Ichijo Atsuko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOut of a concern with the often implicit western‐centricity of theories of nationalism which are currently dominant, the article proposes to shift the focus of analysis onto the working of human agency in our understanding of nations and nationalism. Drawing from insights from the history of ideas, it argues that, contrary to the modernist account, the rise of nationalism of Japan can be traced back to the rise of Kokugaku in the eighteenth century when westernisation/modernisation had not yet reached Japan. Kokugaku scholars were engaged with intense collective self‐reflection and proposed answers to the question who the Japanese were and what Japan should be without adopting the formula of national imagination generated in the West. The article suggests that a focus on human agency has the potential to free inquires into non‐western parts of the world from the deeply embedded western‐centricity of conventional social theories, thus enriching our understanding of the world.
Is there a Bayesian justification of hypothetico‐deductive inference?
Authors: Okasha Samir , Thébault Karim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany philosophers have claimed that Bayesianism can provide a simple justification for hypothetico‐deductive (H‐D) inference, long regarded as a cornerstone of the scientific method. Following up a remark of van Fraassen (1985), we analyze a problem for the putative Bayesian justification of H‐D inference in the case where what we learn from observation is logically stronger than what our theory implies. Firstly, we demonstrate that in such cases the simple Bayesian justification does not necessarily apply. Secondly, we identify a set of sufficient conditions for the mismatch in logical strength to be justifiably ignored as a “harmless idealization”. Thirdly, we argue, based upon scientific examples, that the pattern of H‐D inference of which there is a ready Bayesian justification is only rarely the pattern that one actually finds at work in science. Whatever the other virtues of Bayesianism, the idea that it yields a simple justification of a pervasive pattern of scientific inference appears to have been oversold.
Evidence for seasonal variation in δ13C and δ18O profiles of Baculites and implications for growth rate
Authors: Ellis Nicholas M. , Tobin Thomas S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe life histories of ammonites and the life strategies they employed are difficult to assess without robust modern analogues but placing constraints on ammonite growth rates provides a fundamental first step to understanding this abundant, but poorly understood, fossil group. Here we interpret periodic variations in carbon and oxygen stable isotope profiles from Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites (Baculites) as seasonally driven and use these records to determine their rate of shell precipitation. Several of these samples are housed in museums and were originally prepared using sealants for display and preservation but testing of these sealants indicated no alteration of the isotopic values of treated carbonate. Diagenetic alteration, as determined by shell microstructure, affected the preservation of isotopic signals, resulting in the loss of seasonal variation in less well‐preserved specimens, and the δ13C signal is more robust than δ18O. The periodicity of isotopic profiles from Baculites shells presented here suggest that these organisms grew at rapid rates (c. 340 mm per year), which may imply an r‐type life strategy in which the animals reach maturity quickly, spawn large quantities of progeny, and die at a young age. Because of the potential mobility of Baculites, reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions from these isotopic records is challenging and should be conducted cautiously. Unfortunately, well‐preserved Baculites shells much longer than 350 mm are rarely recovered, which complicates the statistical treatment of potential periodicity in isotopic profiles.
Ecological significance of light quality in optimizing plant defence
Authors: Douma Jacob C. , de Vries Jorad , Poelman Erik H. , Dicke Marcel , Anten Niels P.R. , Evers Jochem B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlants balance the allocation of resources between growth and defence to optimize fitness in a competitive environment. Perception of neighbour‐detection cues, such as a low ratio of red to far‐red (R:FR) radiation, activates a suite of shade‐avoidance responses that include stem elongation and upward leaf movement, whilst simultaneously downregulating defence. This downregulation is hypothesized to benefit the plant either by mediating the growth‐defence balance in favour of growth in high plant densities or, alternatively, by mediating defence of individual leaves such that those most photosynthetically productive are best protected. To test these hypotheses, we used a 3D functional–structural plant model of Brassica nigra that mechanistically simulates the interactions between plant architecture, herbivory, and the light environment. Our results show that plant‐level defence expression is a strong determinant of plant fitness and that leaf‐level defence mediation by R:FR can provide a fitness benefit in high densities. However, optimal plant‐level defence expression does not decrease monotonically with plant density, indicating that R:FR mediation of defence alone is not enough to optimize defence between densities. Therefore, assessing the ecological significance of R:FR‐mediated defence is paramount to better understand the evolution of this physiological linkage and its implications for crop breeding.
An actor–partner interdependence model of employees’ and coworkers’ innovative behavior, psychological detachment, and strain reactions
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Wang Mo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn an extension of the existing paradigm on the benefits of innovative behavior for organizations, this study addresses the negative effects of innovative behavior. Guided by psychological detachment theory, we propose that both displaying innovative behavior and witnessing others’ innovative behavior make it difficult for workers to psychologically distance themselves from innovation matters, engendering strain reactions (e.g., sleep problems, hostility). Those with more proactive personalities may be more likely to experience these detachment difficulty problems after displaying or witnessing innovative behavior. To test these premises, we conducted two studies. In the pilot study (N = 104 employee–coworker dyads), we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data to show that innovative behavior predicts detachment difficulty above and beyond other job behaviors. In the main study, we collected data from 257 employee–coworker dyads over 5 weeks and analyzed them with an actor–partner interdependence model. The results are generally supportive, suggesting that further investigation of the unintended consequences of innovative behavior is warranted.
The happy slave isn't free: Relational autonomy and freedom in theZhuangzi
Authors: Valmisa Mercedes 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper challenges the view that contentment leads to personal freedom and autonomy and argues for a relational and exercise concept of de facto freedom in theZhuangzi莊子. I first review influential interpretations of freedom in theZhuangzithat equate freedom with contentment and nonfrustration, starting with Guo Xiang's 郭象 (d. 312 CE). By putting these interpretations in dialog with contemporary social philosophy (Christman, Meyers, Pettit, Elster, and Khader), I reflect on the two seminal problems of the psychologizing causal and procedural approaches that allow the interpretation of freedom as contentment: the “happy slave” problem and the “sour grapes” problem. Proving this account of freedom inadequate, I argue for a different interpretation of freedom in theZhuangzithat resembles a weakly substantive and constitutive account of freedom and autonomy in modern‐day social philosophy terms, such as Marina Oshana's. The theory of freedom that I analyze in theZhuangzi, however, helps us correct the risk of material determinism of the constitutive account, offering a description of relational freedom and autonomy as constituted by socio‐material conditions but not determined by them.