bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog Inspired CuO Nanowires/Cu2O Composites for Broadband Visible‐Light‐Driven Recyclable Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Xu Kaichen , Yan Huangping , Tan Chuan Fu , Lu Yuyao , Li Yang , Ho Ghim Wei , Ji Rong , Hong Minghui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelf‐cleanable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy affords a promising route toward environment‐friendly biosensors for point‐of‐care diagnostics. It is of great importance to develop recyclable SERS substrates driven by a photocatalytic decomposition process, especially in the visible range. In this work, inspired by the hedgehog‐like structures, a broadband visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic SERS platform with the CuO nanowires (NWs)/Cu2O hetero‐nanostructures as the backbone is demonstrated. Via employing the approach of nanosecond laser ablation on Cu sheet coupled with subsequent thermal oxidation, the formed hedgehog‐like, high‐density, and dual‐scale micro/nanostructures not only demonstrate enhanced broadband visible‐light‐absorption capability even extended to the near infrared range but also exhibit boosted interfacial adhesion with favorable stability. Such phenomena imply that the binary oxidized Cu composites decorated with metallic nanoparticles can serve as high‐performance SERS substrates with superior recyclability. Under the visible light illumination, the as‐fabricated ternary Ag/CuO NWs/Cu2O composites can be self‐cleaned by photocatalytic degradation of adsorbates, thus leading to recyclable SERS substrates, which can preserve more than 85% SERS activity after seven cycles' measurement. These results pave a new path to realize reusable SERS substrates in the applications of remote and resource‐limited environments toward next‐generation green biosensors.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Shaped High Index Dielectric Nanoparticles on a Substrate and in Solution
Authors: Verre Ruggero , Odebo Länk Nils , Andrén Daniel , Šípová Hana , Käll Mikael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces have been proposed for many different applications, including light harvesting, sensing, and metalenses. However, widespread utilization in practice also requires large‐scale fabrication methods able to produce homogeneous structures with engineered optical properties in a cost effective manner. Here, a facile fabrication method for silicon nanoparticles is presented that is scalable to 4 inch wafers and can produce a wide range of nanoparticle shapes on demand. Furthermore, it is shown that the fabricated nanoparticles can be detached from their support using a simple substrate removal technique and then transferred to colloidal suspension. The method is universal in the sense that it can be used to generate monodispersed colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes and compositions and it therefore opens up a range of new possibilities for applications, for example in nanomedicine and bionanotechnology.
Low Energy Nanoemulsions as Templates for the Formulation of Hydrophobic Drugs
Authors: Badruddoza Abu Zayed Md , Gupta Ankur , Myerson Allan S. , Trout Bernhardt L. , Doyle Patrick S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost small molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are hydrophobic which poses formulation challenges due to their poor water solubility. Current approaches are energy intensive and involve presenting the API in a nanoparticle form that is then combined with other additives into a stable formulation. Here, a bottom‐up and scalable method that formulates nanoparticles (crystalline or amorphous) of poorly water‐soluble APIs directly embedded in composite hydrogel beads is presented. Using nanoemulsions prepared from a low energy method as templates, the flexible approach allows to vary the embedded API nanoparticle size from 100 to 500 nm and the hydrogel bead size from 100 to 1200 µm, and subsequently achieve control over the dissolution kinetics. To better understand the dissolution process, a physical model is build that allows to collapse the kinetic data onto a master curve and predict the dependence of release rates on size of both API nanoparticles and hydrogel beads. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the dissolution kinetics of multiple drugs embedded in the same hydrogel matrix can be tuned simultaneously, an attractive property for commercial multi‐drug dosage applications. The new approach not only leads to process intensification, but also improved performance.
High complement levels in astrocyte‐derived exosomes of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Goetzl Edward J. , Schwartz Janice B. , Abner Erin L. , Jicha Gregory A. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveAstrocytes fulfill neuronal trophic roles normally, but are transformed in Alzheimer disease (AD) into A1‐type reactive astrocytes that may destroy neurons through unknown mechanisms.MethodsTo investigate astrocyte inflammatory mechanisms, astrocyte‐derived exosomes (ADEs) were isolated immunochemically from plasma samples of AD patients and matched controls for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantification of complement proteins.ResultsADE levels of C1q, C4b, C3d, factor B, factor D, Bb, C3b, and C5b‐C9 terminal complement complex, but not mannose‐binding lectin, normalized by the CD81 exosome marker were significantly higher for AD patients (n = 28) than age‐ and gender‐matched controls (all p < 0.0001). ADE normalized levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐1β were significantly higher for AD patients than controls, but there was greater overlap between the two groups than for complement proteins. Mean ADE levels of complement proteins for AD patients in a longitudinal study were significantly higher (n = 16, p < 0.0001) at the AD2 stage of moderate dementia than at the AD1 preclinical stage 5 to 12 years earlier, which were the same as for controls. ADE levels of complement regulatory proteins CD59, CD46, decay‐accelerating factor (DAF), and complement receptor type 1, but not factor I, were significantly lower for AD patients than controls (p < 0.0001 for CD59 and DAF), were diminished by the AD1 stage, and were further decreased at the AD2 stage.InterpretationADE complement effector proteins in AD are produced by dysregulated systems, attain higher levels than in controls, and may potentially damage neurons in the late inflammatory phase of AD. Ann Neurol 2018;83:544–552
Microbial origin xanthan gum‐based solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Tavares Fabiele Collovini , Dörr Dóris Sippel , Pawlicka Agnieszka , Oropesa Avellaneda César 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTNatural polymers are widely used as matrices for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in electrochemical devices due to their richness in nature, low cost, and biodegradation properties. Xanthan gum (XG) is a natural polymer obtained from microbial origin and when dissolved form transparent solution with high viscosity and stability even in different temperature conditions. This article describes the synthesis of XG‐based SPEs with proton conduction. These new materials were obtained by crosslinking XG with glutaraldehyde, plasticized with ethylene glycol, and doped with acetic acid as ions source. The ionic conducting membranes, casted from this polymer solution, showed a high ionic conductivity of 7.93 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature, a microscopically homogeneous surface, thermal stability, and predominantly amorphous structure. These results prove that XG‐based SPEs are very promising new materials that could be applied in modern electrochemical devices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46229.
Activation and Migration of Adventitial Fibroblasts Contributes to Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Han Xiaowan , Wu Aiming , Wang Jie , Chang Hong , Zhao Yizhou , Zhang Yan , Mao Yingqiu , Lou Lixia , Gao Yonghong , Zhang Dongmei , Li Tong , Yang Tao , Wang Lei , Feng Cuiling , Zhao Mingjing 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe rat carotid artery balloon injury model was used to prove the activation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts. We found that at day 7 after injury, adventitial fibroblasts proliferated, transformed into myofibroblasts under transmission electron microscopy in the model group. Simultaneously, we proved that the adventitial cells migrated to the media and intima on seventh day after injury by directly labeled the adventitial cells by the in vivo gene transfer technique. Moreover, we captured the precise moment when the adventitial fibroblasts migrated from the adventitia to the media through the external elastic plate under transmission electron microscope. This study provides direct evidences that adventitial fibroblasts activate and migrate to the media and intima, then actively take part in revascularization. Anat Rec, 301:1216–1223, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracting functional groups of ALLINI to design derivatives of FDA‐approved drugs: Inhibition of HIV‐1 integrase
Authors: Kalathiya Umesh , Padariya Monikaben , Baginski Maciej 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHIV‐1 integrase (IN) is crucial for integration of viral DNA into the host genome and a promising target in development of antiretroviral inhibitors. In this work, six new compounds were designed by linking the structures of two different class of HIV‐1 IN inhibitors (active site binders and allosteric IN inhibitors (ALLINIs)). Among newly designed compounds, INRAT10b was found most potent HIV‐1 IN inhibitor considering different docking results. To further validate protein–ligand interactions obtained from dockings, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for inhibitor raltegravir and INRAT10b placed either at active site or allosteric site of HIV‐1 IN (monomer or dimer). Results suggest that both raltegravir and INRAT10b were interacting with residue Gln62, Gly140, Ile141, and Ser147. However, INRAT10b interacts better with high H‐bond occupancy, which can explain the strong binding affinity of INRAT10b than raltegravir with the HIV‐1 IN protein. Subdomains rearrangements in HIV‐1 IN suggest that the C‐terminal and catalytic core domains develop their closeness in the presence of ligand. More significantly, the newly designed derivatives represent novel compounds targeting catalytic site and C‐terminal (protein–protein interaction) domains simultaneously. And we also propose INRAT10b as a promising lead compound for the development of potent HIV‐1 IN inhibitors.
Nachträglicher Einbau von Weißen Wannen in den Gebäudebestand
Authors: Hohmann Rainer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFeuchteschäden, die auf geänderte Grundwasserverhältnisse in Kombination mit einer nicht auf die Beanspruchung angepassten Konstruktion zurückzuführen sind, haben in den letzten Jahren bundesweit zugenommen. Häufig müssen betroffene Untergeschosse nicht nur abgedichtet, sondern auch statisch verstärkt werden.Im folgenden Beitrag werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, mit denen betroffene Gebäude in Abhängigkeit von den objektspezifischen Randbedingungen durch den nachträglichen Einbau einer Weißen Wanne gegen drückendes Wasser abgedichtet und gleichzeitig statisch verstärkt werden können.
Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton
Authors: Freimann Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWasserundurchlässige Bauwerke erfordern besondere betontechnologische und ausführungstechnische Maßnahmen, um sicher die Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Bauwerks zu erzielen. Planungsgrößen wie Druckgefälle, Entwurfskonzept oder Fugenplanung beeinflussen sowohl die Bauteilkonstruktion als auch die Betonfestlegungen. In der Ausführung sind grundsätzliche Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Eigen‐ und Zwangsspannungen ebenso bedeutsam wie Detailfragen zum richtigen Einbau von Einbauteilen und Bewehrungszulagen. Bei WU‐Bauwerken ist ein hohes Maß an Sorgfalt beim Betoneinbau und der fachgerechten Verdichtung erforderlich. Nachbehandlungsmaßnahmen sind stets zu planen und in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Eigenspannung im Bauteil zu bewerten. Überwachungsmaßnahmen sollten neben den Normvorgaben auch die Kontrolle wesentlicher Ausführungsschritte und eine Dokumentation hierüber umfassen.
If not now, why are you waiting?
Authors: Butman Samuel M. 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

There is some surrogate outcome data supporting deferring PCI in STEMI
No hard data to support deferring PCI in STEMI
No hard data to refute deferring PCI in STEMI
Current national quality measures do not offer a method to adequately document appropriateness of deferring PCI
Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐induced mucositis without rash in an 11‐year‐old boy
Authors: Bowling Morgan , Schmutzler Tyler , Glick Sarah 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageMycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent cause of childhood pneumonia, and extrapulmonary manifestations may be noted at the time of infection. While M. pneumoniae has long been associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome, a separate diagnostic entity, Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐induced rash and mucositis (MIRM), has recently been proposed to better characterize the rash and severe mucositis that some patients exhibit. A subset of patients with MIRM will have mucositis without skin rash. Physicians should recognize this clinical entity and be familiar with treatment options for MIRM.
Prenatal sonography of placental abscess and prolonged antibiotic treatment for Serratia marcescens bacteremia
Authors: Mak Annisa Shui Lam , Tang Tommy Hing Cheung , Lam Kwok Wai , Kwok Angie Lok Ming , Cheuk Wah , Wu Tak Chiu , Leung Kwok Yin 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageTermination of pregnancy is indicated for Serratia marcescens bacteremia, a major cause of mortality. Our present case was highly challenging because the patient wished to continue with her pregnancy, and the ultrasonography showed features of a placental abscess. Although the outcomes were good after prolonged antibiotic treatment, this was an exceptional case.
Psychometric evaluation and adaptation of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire to evaluate health‐related quality of life in patients with spinal metastases
Authors: Versteeg Anne L. , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence D. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Schuster James M. , Weber Michael H. , Varga Peter Pal , Boriani Stefano , Bettegowda Chetan , Fehlings Michael G. , Clarke Michelle J. , Arnold Paul M. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. ,   AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ) was developed as the first spine oncology‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measure. This study evaluated the psychometric properties and clinical validity of the SOSGOQ in a diverse cohort of patients with spinal metastases.METHODSAn international, multicenter, prospective observational cohort study including patients with spinal metastases who underwent surgery and/or radiotherapy was conducted by the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor. Demographic, tumor, and treatment data were collected. HRQOL was evaluated using the SOSGOQ and Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) at baseline and fixed follow‐up times. Construct validity was assessed using multitrait scaling analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and correlation with the SF‐36 and NRS pain score. Test‐retest reliability was assessed in a subgroup of patients between 12 weeks after treatment and the retest 4 to 9 days later.RESULTSA total of 238 patients were enrolled at 9 centers across North America; 153 of these patients had HRQOL data available at 12 weeks after treatment. Multitrait scaling analyses and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a refined version of the SOSGOQ with 4 domains and 4 single items. The revised SOSGOQ (SOSGOQ2.0) demonstrated strong correlations with SF‐36 and the ability to discriminate between clinically distinct patient groups. Reliability of the SOSGOQ2.0 was demonstrated to be good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.58 to 0.92 for the different domains.CONCLUSIONSThe SOSGOQ2.0 is a reliable and valid measure with which to evaluate HRQOL in patients with spinal metastases. It is recommended to use the SOSGOQ2.0 together with a generic HRQOL outcome measure to comprehensively assess HRQOL and increase sensitivity and specificity. Cancer 2018;124:1828‐38. © 2018 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Treatment and survival vary by race/ethnicity in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Roche Ansley M. , Fedewa Stacey A. , Shi Lucy L. , Chen Amy Y. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the rarest type of thyroid cancer and has the lowest overall survival. To the authors' knowledge, the impact of socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity has not yet been described.METHODSData regarding 719 patients diagnosed with their first primary malignant ATC from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2011 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registries were examined. Differences in receipt of thyroidectomy, radiotherapy, and lymph node examination were examined by race/ethnicity. Survival also was examined by race/ethnicity.RESULTSNearly 70% of patients were non‐Hispanic white, and 55.4% of patients received treatment. Tumor size (P = .13), lymph node involvement (P = .60), and residence in high poverty neighborhoods (P = .08) did not vary by race/ethnicity. Nonwhite patients were more likely to receive no treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.16‐0.54). When receipt of radiotherapy was adjusted for, nonwhite patients had a higher risk of overall death (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.54), although not disease‐specific death (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.92‐1.42). Patients living in areas of high poverty had lower overall survival (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.18) and disease‐specific survival (aHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19‐2.36).CONCLUSIONSIn this population‐based study of patients with ATC, nonwhite patients were found to be less likely to receive treatment. Furthermore, nonwhite patients had poorer overall survival, and patients living in areas of high poverty had both worse overall and disease‐specific survival. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities appear to exist in the treatment and survival of patients with ATC. Cancer 2018;124:1780‐90. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Gray matter volume of the anterior insular cortex and social networking
Authors: Spagna Alfredo , Dufford Alexander J. , Wu Qiong , Wu Tingting , Zheng Weihao , Coons Edgar E. , Hof Patrick R. , Hu Bin , Wu Yanhong , Fan Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn human life, social context requires the engagement in complex interactions among individuals as the dynamics of social networks. The evolution of the brain as the neurological basis of the mind must be crucial in supporting social networking. Although the relationship between social networking and the amygdala, a small but core region for emotion processing, has been reported, other structures supporting sophisticated social interactions must be involved and need to be identified. In this study, we examined the relationship between morphology of the anterior insular cortex (AIC), a structure involved in basic and high‐level cognition, and social networking. Two independent cohorts of individuals (New York groupn = 50, Beijing groupn = 100) were recruited. Structural magnetic resonance images were acquired and the social network index (SNI), a composite measure summarizing an individual's network diversity, size, and complexity, was measured. The association between morphological features of the AIC, in addition to amygdala, and the SNI was examined. Positive correlations between the measures of the volume as well as sulcal depth of the AIC and the SNI were found in both groups, while a significant positive correlation between the volume of the amygdala and the SNI was only found in the New York group. The converging results from the two groups suggest that the AIC supports network‐level social interactions.
Engraving Electrolyte and Ion‐Transport Tunnels in a Holey Carbon Nanosheet Array for Fast Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Li Jie , Lai Yanqing , Li Junming , Zhang Zhian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2D carbon materials are considered as attractive electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Nevertheless, there are major hurdles for the electrolyte as well as for Na+ to access a wall‐like 2D structure and a serious restack of the 2D structure. Herein, we report a unique design of a holey carbon nanosheet array (HCNA) with engraved electrolyte and ion‐transport tunnels. HCNA possesses a highly continuous network of opened channels and spaces, and the restack and agglomeration are greatly suppressed. Based on electrochemical analysis, HCNA displays fast charge transfer at the electrode‐electrolyte interface and excellent sodium ion diffusion kinetics with a high Na+ diffusion coefficient (5.5×10−9 cm2 s−1). As a result, HCNA electrodes deliver excellent high‐rate performance of 197.4 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Such an architecture provides a promising structural platform for the fabrication of 2D carbons for highly reversible and high‐capacity sodium ion batteries and other alkali metal ion energy storage systems.
Diversifying selection drives parallel evolution of gill raker number and body size along the speciation continuum of European whitefish
Authors: Häkli Katja , Østbye Kjartan , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Præbel Kim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdaptive radiation is the evolution of ecological and phenotypical diversity. It arises via ecological opportunity that promotes the exploration of underutilized or novel niches mediating specialization and reproductive isolation. The assumed precondition for rapid local adaptation is diversifying natural selection, but random genetic drift could also be a major driver of this process. We used 27 populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from nine lakes distributed in three neighboring subarctic watercourses in northern Fennoscandia as a model to test the importance of random drift versus diversifying natural selection for parallel evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits. We contrasted variation for two key adaptive phenotypic traits correlated with resource utilization of polymorphic fish; the number of gill rakers and the total length of fish, with the posterior distribution of neutral genetic differentiation from 13 microsatellite loci, to test whether the observed phenotypic divergence could be achieved by random genetic drift alone. Our results show that both traits have been under diversifying selection and that the evolution of these morphs has been driven by isolation through habitat adaptations. We conclude that diversifying selection acting on gill raker number and body size has played a significant role in the ongoing adaptive radiation of European whitefish morphs in this region.