bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled pragmatic clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of a discharge follow-up phone call on 30-day hospital readmissions: balancing pragmatic and explanatory design considerations
Authors: Yiadom Maame Yaa A B , Domenico Henry , Byrne Daniel , Hasselblad Michele Marie , Gatto Cheryl L , Kripalani Sunil , Choma Neesha , Tucker Sarah , Wang Li , Bhatia Monisha C , Morrison Johnston , Harrell Frank E , Hartert Tina , Bernard Gordon 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionHospital readmissions within 30 days are a healthcare quality problem associated with increased costs and poor health outcomes. Identifying interventions to improve patients’ successful transition from inpatient to outpatient care is a continued challenge.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre pragmatic randomised and controlled clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a discharge follow-up phone call to reduce 30-day inpatient readmissions. Our primary endpoint is inpatient readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge censored for death analysed with an intention-to-treat approach. Secondary endpoints included observation status readmission within 30 days, time to readmission, all-cause emergency department revisits within 30 days, patient satisfaction (measured as mean Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores) and 30-day mortality. Exploratory endpoints include the need for assistance with discharge plan implementation among those randomised to the intervention arm and reached by the study nurse, and the number of call attempts to achieve successful intervention delivery. Consistent with the Learning Healthcare System model for clinical research, timeliness is a critical quality for studies to most effectively inform hospital clinical practice. We are challenged to apply pragmatic design elements in order to maintain a high-quality practicable study providing timely results. This type of prospective pragmatic trial empowers the advancement of hospital-wide evidence-based practice directly affecting patients.Ethics and disseminationStudy results will inform the structure, objective and function of future iterations of the hospital’s discharge follow-up phone call programme and be submitted for publication in the literature.Trial registration numberNCT03050918; Pre-results.
Evaluation of California’s ‘Tobacco 21’ law
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Vuong Tam D , Andersen-Rodgers Elizabeth , Roeseler April 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionCalifornia’s law raising the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 went into effect on 9 June 2016. This law, known as ‘Tobacco 21’ or ‘T21’, also expanded the definition of tobacco to include electronic smoking devices. This paper describes the T21 evaluation plan and initial evaluation results.MethodsAn evaluation plan and logic model were created to evaluate T21. A tobacco retailer poll was conducted 7 months after the law went into effect to assess awareness, support and implementation; an online survey of California adults was fielded to provide data on tobacco use and attitudinal changes before and after T21 implementation; and tobacco purchase surveys were conducted to assess the retailer violation rate (RVR). Multivariate models estimated the odds of RVR and odds of being aware, agreeing with and observing advertisements related to T21.ResultsSeven months after the T21 effective date, 98.6% of retailers were aware of the law and 60.6% supported the law. Furthermore, 66.2% of retailers agreed that people who start smoking before 21 would become addicted to tobacco products. The RVR using youth decoys under age 18 statistically decreased from 10.3% before T21 to 5.7% after T21 (P=0.002). Furthermore, the RVR using young adult decoys ages 18–19 was 14.2% (95% CI 9.3% to 19.1%) for traditional tobacco and 13.1% (95% CI 10.2% to 16.1%) for electronic smoking devices.ConclusionsSurvey findings suggest that the high awareness and support for the law may have contributed to reducing illegal tobacco sales to youth under 18 and achieving widespread retailer conformity with the new law disallowing sales to young adults under 21.
Investigation of different physical aspects such as structural, mechanical, optical properties and Debye temperature of Fe2ScM (M=P and As) semiconductors: A DFT-based first principles study
Authors: Ali Md. Lokman , Rahaman Md. Zahidur 
Published: February 2018

By using first principles calculation dependent on the density functional theory (DFT), we have investigated the mechanical, structural properties and the Debye temperature of Fe2ScM (M=P and As) compounds under various pressures up to 60 GPa. The optical properties have been investigated under zero pressure. Our calculated optimized structural parameters of both the materials are in good agreement with other theoretical predictions. The calculated elastic constants show that Fe2ScM (M=P and As) compounds are mechanically stable under external pressure below 60 GPa. From the elastic constants, the shear modulus G, the bulk modulus B, Young’s modulus E, anisotropy factor A and Poisson’s ratio [Formula: see text] are calculated by using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. The Debye temperature and average sound velocities are also investigated from the obtained elastic constants. The detailed analysis of all optical functions reveals that both compounds are good dielectric material.
Complete Remission with Reduction of High-Risk Clones following Haploidentical NK-Cell Therapy against MDS and AML
Authors: Björklund Andreas T. , Carlsten Mattias , Sohlberg Ebba , Liu Lisa L. , Clancy Trevor , Karimi Mohsen , Cooley Sarah , Miller Jeffrey S. , Klimkowska Monika , Schaffer Marie , Watz Emma , Wikström Kristina , Blomberg Pontus , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt , Palma Marzia , Hansson Lotta , Ljungman Per , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Malmberg Karl-Johan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunobiological correlates of allogeneic NK-cell–based therapy in primary chemotherapy-refractory or relapsed high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), secondary AML (MDS/AML), and de novo AML patients.
Experimental Design: Sixteen patients received fludarabine/cyclophosphamide conditioning combined with total lymphoid irradiation followed by adoptive immunotherapy with IL2–activated haploidentical NK cells.
Results: NK-cell infusions were well-tolerated, with only transient adverse events observed in the 16 patients. Six patients achieved objective responses with complete remission (CR), marrow CR, or partial remission (PR). Five patients proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Three patients are still free from disease &gt;3 years after treatment. All evaluable patients with objective responses (5/5 evaluable) had detectable donor NK cells at days 7/14 following infusion and displayed reduction of tumor cell clones, some of which carried poor prognosis mutations. Residual lin−CD34+CD123+CD45RA+ blast cells in responders had increased total HLA class I and HLA-E expression. Responding patients displayed less pronounced activation of CD8+ T cells and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines following NK-cell infusion. Intriguingly, despite omission of systemic IL2, all patients displayed increased frequencies of activated Ki-67+CD127−FoxP3+CD25hiCD4+ Treg cells of recipient origin following NK-cell therapy.
Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that high-risk MDS is responsive to NK-cell therapy and supports the use of haploidentical NK-cell infusions as a bridge to HSCT in refractory patients. Objective clinical responses and reduction of high-risk clones were associated with detectable donor-derived NK cells, immunoediting of residual blast cells, and less pronounced host immune activation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1834–44. ©2018 AACR.
NEO212 Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Marín-Ramos Nagore I. , Thein Thu Zan , Cho Hee-Yeon , Swenson Stephen D. , Wang Weijun , Schönthal Axel H. , Chen Thomas C. , Hofman Florence M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant brain tumor noted for its extensive vascularity, aggressiveness, and highly invasive nature, suggesting that cell migration plays an important role in tumor progression. The poor prognosis in GBM is associated with a high rate of tumor recurrence, and resistance to the standard of care chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ). The novel compound NEO212, a conjugate of TMZ and perillyl alcohol (POH), has proven to be 10-fold more cytotoxic to glioma stem cells (GSC) than TMZ, and is active against TMZ-resistant tumor cells. In this study, we show that NEO212 decreases migration and invasion of primary cultures of patient-derived GSCs, in both mesenchymal USC02 and proneural USC04 populations. The mechanism by which NEO212 reduces migration and invasion appears to be independent of its DNA alkylating effects, which cause cytotoxicity during the first hours of treatment, and is associated with a decrease in the FAK/Src signaling pathway, an effect not exhibited by TMZ. NEO212 also decreases the production of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, crucial for GSC invasion. Gene expression analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal markers suggests that NEO212 increases the expression of epithelial-like characteristics, suggesting a reversion of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. Furthermore, in an in vivo orthotopic glioma model, NEO212 decreases tumor progression by reducing invasion of GSCs, thereby increasing survival time of mice. These studies indicate that NEO212, in addition to cytotoxicity, can effectively reduce migration and invasion in GSCs, thus exhibiting significant clinical value in the reduction of invasion and malignant glioma progression. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 625–37. ©2018 AACR.
MI130004, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Combining Trastuzumab with a Molecule of Marine Origin, Shows Outstanding In Vivo Activity against HER2-Expressing Tumors
Authors: Avilés Pablo , Domínguez Juan Manuel , Guillén María José , Muñoz-Alonso María José , Mateo Cristina , Rodriguez-Acebes Raquel , Molina-Guijarro José Manuel , Francesch Andrés , Martínez-Leal Juan Fernando , Munt Simon , Galmarini Carlos M. , Cuevas Carmen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the search for novel payloads to design new antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), marine compounds represent an interesting opportunity given their unique chemical features. PM050489 is a marine compound that binds β-tubulin at a new site and disrupts the microtubule network, hence leading to mitotic aberrations and cell death. PM050489 has been conjugated to trastuzumab via Cys residues through a noncleavable linker, and the resulting ADC, named MI130004, has been studied. Analysis of MI130004 delivered data consistent with the presence of two molecules of PM050489 per antibody molecule, likely bound to both sides of the intermolecular disulfide bond connecting the antibody light and heavy chains. The antitumor activity of MI130004 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo in different cell lines of diverse tumor origin (breast, ovary, and gastric cancer) expressing different levels of HER2. MI130004 showed very high in vitro potency and good selectivity for tumor cells that overexpressed HER2. At the cellular level, MI130004 impaired tubulin polymerization, causing disorganization and disintegration of the microtubule network, which ultimately led to mitotic failure, mirroring the effect of its payload. Treatment with MI130004 in mice carrying histologically diverse tumors expressing HER2 induced a long-lasting antitumor effect with statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth coupled with increases in median survival time compared with vehicle or trastuzumab. These results strongly suggest that MI130004 is endowed with remarkable anticancer activity and confirm the extraordinary potential of marine compounds for the design of new ADCs. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 786–94. ©2018 AACR.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of IMGN853, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Folate Receptor Alpha Linked to DM4, in Biologically Aggressive Endometrial Cancers
Authors: Altwerger Gary , Bonazzoli Elena , Bellone Stefania , Egawa-Takata Tomomi , Menderes Gulden , Pettinella Francesca , Bianchi Anna , Riccio Francesco , Feinberg Jacqueline , Zammataro Luca , Han Chanhee , Yadav Ghanshyam , Dugan Katherine , Morneault Ashley , Ponte Jose F. , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Wong Serena , Litkouhi Babak , Ratner Elena , Silasi Dan-Arin , Huang Gloria S. , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Grade 3 endometrioid and uterine serous carcinomas (USC) account for the vast majority of endometrial cancer deaths. The purpose of this study was to determine folic acid receptor alpha (FRα) expression in these biologically aggressive (type II) endometrial cancers and evaluate FRα as a targetable receptor for IMGN853 (mirvetuximab soravtansine). The expression of FRα was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry in 90 endometrioid and USC samples. The in vitro cytotoxic activity and bystander effect were studied in primary uterine cancer cell lines expressing differential levels of FRα. In vivo antitumor efficacy of IMGN853 was evaluated in xenograft/patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Semiquantitative IHC analysis indicated that 41% of the USC patients overexpress FRα. Further, overexpression of FRα (i.e., 2+) was detected via flow cytometry in 22% (2/9) of primary endometrioid and in 27% (3/11) of primary USC cell lines. Increased cytotoxicity was seen with IMGN853 treatment compared with control in 2+ expressing uterine tumor cell lines. In contrast, tumor cell lines with low FRα showed no difference when exposed to IMGN853 versus control. IMGN853 induced bystander killing of FRα = 0 tumor cells. In an endometrioid xenograft model (END(K)265), harboring 2+ FRα, IMGN853 treatment showed complete resolution of tumors (P &lt; 0.001). Treatment with IMGN853 in the USC PDX model (BIO(K)1), expressing 2+ FRα, induced twofold increase in median survival (P &lt; 0.001). IMGN853 shows impressive antitumor activity in biologically aggressive FRα 2+ uterine cancers. These preclinical data suggest that patients with chemotherapy resistant/recurrent endometrial cancer overexpressing FRα may benefit from this treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1003–11. ©2018 AACR.
Readmissions Following a Hospitalization for Cardiovascular Events in Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Molony Julia T. , Liu Jiannong , Peng Yi , Herzog Charles A. , Collins Allan J. , Gilbertson David T. 
Published: February 2018

Background

Hospitalization for cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) is common among patients receiving maintenance dialysis, but patterns of readmissions following cardiovascular events are underexplored.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective analysis of prevalent, Medicare‐eligible patients receiving dialysis in 2012–2013, all live‐discharge hospitalizations attributed to
CVD
were ascertained. Rates of all‐cause,
CVD
‐related, and non–
CVD
‐related readmissions and death in the ensuing 10 and 30 days were calculated. Multinomial logistic modeling was used to assess the relationship between potential explanatory factors and outcomes of interest. Among 142 210 analyzed hospitalizations, mean age at time of index
CVD
hospitalization was 64.9±14.1 years; 50.4% of index hospitalizations were for women, and 41.4% were for white patients. Fully 15.6% and 34.2% of
CVD
hospitalizations resulted in readmission within 10 and 30 days, respectively; less than half of readmissions were
CVD
related (42.5%, 10 days; 43.1%, 30 days). Death within 30 days, regardless of readmission, occurred after 4.5% of index hospitalizations; 51.2% were attributed to
CVD
. Compared with ages 65 to 69 years, younger age tended to be associated with increased readmission risk (adjusted relative risk for ages 18–44 years: 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–1.63). Readmission risk did not differ between white and black patients, but risk of death without readmission was markedly lower for black patients (relative risk: 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.67).

Conclusions

Roughly 1 in 3
CVD
hospitalizations resulted in 30‐day readmission; nearly 1 in 20 was followed by death within 30 days. Risk of death without readmission was higher for white than black patients, despite no difference in risk of readmission.
Subclinical Compromise in Cardiac Strain Relates to Lower Cognitive Performances in Older Adults
Authors: Kresge Hailey A. , Khan Omair A. , Wagener Madison A. , Liu Dandan , Terry James G. , Nair Sangeeta , Cambronero Francis E. , Gifford Katherine A. , Osborn Katie E. , Hohman Timothy J. , Pechman Kimberly R. , Bell Susan P. , Wang Thomas J. , Carr John Jeffrey , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: February 2018

Background

Global longitudinal strain (
GLS
), reflecting total shortening of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, has emerged as a more precise myocardial function measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (
LVEF
). Longitudinal strain may be selectively affected in subclinical heart disease, even in the presence of normal
LVEF
. This study examines subclinical cardiac dysfunction, assessed by
GLS
and
LVEF
, and cognition among older adults.

Methods and Results

Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants who were free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure (n=318, 73±7 years, 58% male) completed neuropsychological assessment and cardiac magnetic resonance to quantify
GLS
and
LVEF
. Linear regression models related
GLS
and
LVEF
to neuropsychological performances, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, cognitive diagnosis, and

APOE

*ε4 status. Models were repeated with a cardiac×cognitive diagnosis interaction term. Compromised
GLS
(reflected by higher values) related to worse naming (β=−0.07,
P
=0.04), visuospatial immediate recall (β=−0.83,
P
=0.03), visuospatial delayed recall (β=−0.22,
P
=0.03), and verbal delayed recall (β=−0.11,
P
=0.007).
LVEF
did not relate to worse performance on any measure (
P
>0.18). No diagnostic interactions were observed.

Conclusions

Our study results are among the first to suggest that compromised
GLS
relates to worse episodic memory and language performance among older adults who are free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction may correlate with cognitive health in late life, even when
LVEF
remains normal. The results add to growing evidence that
GLS
may be a more sensitive and preferred method for quantifying subclinical changes in cardiac function.
Professional Standards, Clinical Guidelines and Medical Liability: A Chance for Significant Improvement in Determining the Standard of Care?
Authors: Panagiotou Athanasios 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Despite the proposals to jettison fault/negligence as the fundamental criterion of imputation of medical liability, it remains at the core of most legal systems. At European level, the rise of cross-border healthcare has brought the issue of redress for medical malpractice and the need to enhance quality of care through the adoption of quality and safety standards to the fore. Furthermore, the necessity of best available external evidence to inform approaches to individual patient care is gradually acknowledged. In addition, clinical guidelines become an increasingly familiar part of clinical practice. Hence, the debate on their usefulness in medical malpractice cases has attracted significant scholarly attention. Despite their superficial attractiveness, clinical guidelines present core problems, which currently make them unsuitable as a determinant of the standard of care. The article concludes that, unless these issues are resolved, the usefulness of clinical guidelines in medical liability will be debatable.
A Multiscale Asymptotic Theory of Extratropical Wave–Mean Flow Interaction
Authors: Boljka Lina , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiscale asymptotic methods are used to derive wave activity equations for planetary- and synoptic-scale eddies and their interactions with a zonal mean flow. The eddies are assumed to be of small amplitude, and the synoptic-scale zonal and meridional length scales are taken to be equal. Under these assumptions, the zonal-mean and planetary-scale dynamics are planetary geostrophic (i.e., dominated by vortex stretching), and the interaction between planetary- and synoptic-scale eddies occurs only through the zonal mean flow or through diabatic processes. Planetary-scale heat fluxes are shown to enter the angular momentum budget through meridional mass redistribution. After averaging over synoptic length and time scales, momentum fluxes disappear from the synoptic-scale wave activity equation while synoptic-scale heat fluxes disappear from the baroclinicity equation, leaving planetary-scale heat fluxes as the only adiabatic term coupling the baroclinic and barotropic components of the zonal mean flow. In the special case of weak planetary waves, the decoupling between the baroclinic and barotropic parts of the flow is complete with momentum fluxes driving the barotropic zonal mean flow, heat fluxes driving the wave activity, and diabatic processes driving baroclinicity. These results help explain the apparent decoupling between the baroclinic and barotropic components of flow variability recently identified in observations and may provide a means of better understanding the link between thermodynamic and dynamic aspects of climate variability and change.
Ethnography: Bridging the Qualitative-Quantitative Divide
Authors: Krase Jerome 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis analytic autoethnographic and autobiographical essay addresses several interrelated questions regarding the use of ethnographic and otherwise ‘qualitative’ research methods in the study of contemporary urban society. The testy relationship between qualitative and quantitative research has historical as well as logico-deductive roots that continue to haunt the social sciences. As to hermeneutics, the debate parallels my academic career journey from Indiana University to Brooklyn College by way of New York University during which I learned that the normative practices of the social and not so social sciences come in a myriad of different competing, and occasionally conflicting, pre- and proscriptions. My intention in this essay is not to construct a fine, or even a crude, philosophical discourse but to argue for more attention to be paid to what social scientists do best as opposed to the labels they apply to each other and their trades. As the positivist founders of sociology would agree, social science is not exempt from the laws of social science. At the conclusion, an example will be given of the kind of knowledge accessible only through direct observation and best conveyed by thick description.