bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effects of Informal Care Receipt Against the Progression of Functional Limitations Among Chinese Older People
Authors: Hu Bo , Li Lei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the impacts of receiving informal care on the progression of functional limitations among older people aged 60 and older in China.MethodsThe data come from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, which collected health- and aging-related information on a nationally representative sample of Chinese older people from 2011 to 2015. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe protective effect of receiving informal care is stronger for the first 2 years after the baseline survey and tends to fade away or be reversed 4 years later. The protective effect is stronger among older people receiving low-intensity informal care and is gradually weakened with an increase in care intensity.DiscussionTrajectories of function capabilities are deeply embedded in social relationships. In the context of rapid population aging and increasing demand for informal care, government support for caregivers is needed to sustain the protective effects of informal care.
Linear Equations in Singular Moduli
Authors: Bilu Yuri , Kühne Lars 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We establish an effective version of the André–Oort conjecture for linear subspaces of $Y(1)^n_{\mathbb{C}} \approx \mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{C}}^n$. This gives the first effective nontrivial results of André–Oort type for higher-dimensional varieties in products of modular curves.
The Intergenerational Causal Effect of Tax Evasion: Evidence from the Commuter Tax Allowance in Austria
Authors: Frimmel Wolfgang , Halla Martin , Paetzold Jörg 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDoes tax evasion run in the family? To answer this question, we study the case of the commuter tax allowance in Austria. This allowance is designed as a step function of the distance between the residence and the workplace, creating sharp discontinuities at each bracket threshold. It turns out that the distance to the next higher bracket is a strong determinant of compliance. The match of different administrative data sources allows us to observe actual compliance behavior with little error at the individual level across two generations. To identify the intergenerational causal effect in tax evasion behavior, we use the paternal distance to next higher bracket as an instrumental variable for paternal compliance. We find that paternal noncompliance increases children’s noncompliance by about 23%.
Regionalization of Spine Trauma Care in an Urban Trauma System in the United States: Decreased Time to Surgery and Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Kelly Michael L , He Jack , Roach Mary Jo , Moore Timothy A , Steinmetz Michael P , Claridge Jeffrey A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The effect of regionalized trauma care (RT) on hospital-based outcomes for traumatic spine injury (TSI) in the United States is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that RT would be associated with earlier time to surgery and decreased length of stay (LOS).

METHODS
TSI patients >14 yr were identified using International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision Clinical Modification diagnostic codes. Data from 2008 through 2012 were analyzed before and after RT in 2010.

RESULTS
A total of 4072 patients were identified; 1904 (47%) pre-RT and 2168 (53%) post-RT. Injury severity scores, Spine Abbreviated Injury Scale scores, and the percentage of TSIs with spinal cord injury (tSCI) were similar between time periods. Post-RT TSIs demonstrated a lower median intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (0 vs 1 d; P < 0.0001), underwent spine surgery more frequently (13% vs 11%; P = 0.01), and had a higher rate of spine surgery performed within 24 h of admission (65% vs 55%; P = 0.02). In patients with tSCI post-RT, ICU LOS was decreased (1 vs 2 d; P < 0.0001) and ventilator days were reduced (average days: 2 vs 3; P = 0.006). The post-RT time period was an independent predictor for spine surgery performed in less than 24 h for all TSIs (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.22, C-stat = 0.65). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated an independent effect on reduced ICU LOS post-RT for TSIs (OR –1.68; 95% CI: –2.98 to 0.39; R2 = 0.74) and tSCIs (OR –2.42, 95% CI: –3.99−0.85; R2 = 0.72).

CONCLUSION
RT is associated with increased surgical rates, earlier time to surgery, and decreased ICU LOS for patients with TSI.
Formation of flavorant–propylene Glycol Adducts With Novel Toxicological Properties in Chemically Unstable E-Cigarette Liquids
Authors: Erythropel Hanno C , Jabba Sairam V , DeWinter Tamara M , Mendizabal Melissa , Anastas Paul T , Jordt Sven E , Zimmerman Julie B 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
“Vaping” electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasingly popular with youth, driven by the wide range of available flavors, often created using flavor aldehydes. The objective of this study was to examine whether flavor aldehydes remain stable in e-cigarette liquids or whether they undergo chemical reactions, forming novel chemical species that may cause harm to the user.

Methods
Gas chromatography was used to determine concentrations of flavor aldehydes and reaction products in e-liquids and vapor generated from a commercial e-cigarette. Stability of the detected reaction products in aqueous media was monitored by ultraviolet spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their effects on irritant receptors determined by fluorescent calcium imaging in HEK-293T cells.

Results
Flavor aldehydes including benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, citral, ethylvanillin, and vanillin rapidly reacted with the e-liquid solvent propylene glycol (PG) after mixing, and upward of 40% of flavor aldehyde content was converted to flavor aldehyde PG acetals, which were also detected in commercial e-liquids. Vaping experiments showed carryover rates of 50%–80% of acetals to e-cigarette vapor. Acetals remained stable in physiological aqueous solution, with half-lives above 36 hours, suggesting they persist when inhaled by the user. Acetals activated aldehyde-sensitive TRPA1 irritant receptors and aldehyde-insensitive TRPV1 irritant receptors.

Conclusions
E-liquids are potentially reactive chemical systems in which new compounds can form after mixing of constituents and during storage, as demonstrated here for flavor aldehyde PG acetals, with unexpected toxicological effects. For regulatory purposes, a rigorous process is advised to monitor the potentially changing composition of e-liquids and e-vapors over time, to identify possible health hazards.

Implications
This study demonstrates that e-cigarette liquids can be chemically unstable, with reactions occurring between flavorant and solvent components immediately after mixing at room temperature. The resulting compounds have toxicological properties that differ from either the flavorants or solvent components. These findings suggest that the reporting of manufacturing ingredients of e-liquids is insufficient for a safety assessment. The establishment of an analytical workflow to detect newly formed compounds in e-liquids and their potential toxicological effects is imperative for regulatory risk analysis.
Series-connected array of superconductor–insulator–superconductor junctions in the 100 GHz-band heterodyne mixer for FOREST on the Nobeyama 45 m telescope
Authors: Nakajima Taku , Inoue Hirofumi , Fujii Yumi , Miyazawa Chieko , Iwashita Hiroyuki , Sakai Takeshi , Noguchi Takashi , Mizuno Akira 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We have designed and experimentally evaluated a series-connected array of superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) junctions in the 100 GHz-band mixer for the multi-beam receiver FOREST on the Nobeyama 45 m millimeter-wave telescope. The construction of the junction chip comprised a waveguide probe antenna, impedance-matching circuit, SIS array junction, and choke filter, which were made from a superconducting niobium planar circuit on a quartz substrate. The multi-stage impedance-matching circuit between the feed point and the SIS junction was designed as a capacitively loaded transmission line, and it comprised two sections with high (∼90 Ω) and low (∼10 Ω) characteristic impedance transmission lines. The structure of this tuning line was simple and easy to fabricate, and the feed impedance matched with the SIS junction in a wide frequency range. The signal coupling efficiency was more than 92% and the expected receiver noise temperature was approximately twice the quantum limit for 75–125 GHz based on quantum theory. The array junction devices with three to six connected junctions were fabricated and we measured their performance in terms of the receiver noise temperature and gain compression in the laboratory. We successfully developed an array junction device with a receiver noise temperature of ∼15–30 K and confirmed that the improvement in the saturation power corresponded to the number of junctions. The newly developed array junction mixer was installed in the FOREST receiver and it successfully detected the 12CO(J = 1–0) molecular line toward IRC +10216 with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope.
On the different levels of dust attenuation to nebular and stellar light in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Koyama Yusei , Shimakawa Rhythm , Yamamura Issei , Kodama Tadayuki , Hayashi Masao 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
As a science verification study of the newly released AKARI/FIS Faint Source Catalog ver. 1, this paper discusses the different levels of dust attenuation toward stellar light and nebular emission lines within local star-forming galaxies at 0.02 &lt; $z$ &lt; 0.10. By constructing an updated version of the AKARI–SDSS–GALEX matched galaxy catalog (with &gt;2000 sources), we compare the dust attenuation levels toward stellar light (from the LIR/LUV ratio) and nebular emission lines (from the Hα/Hβ ratio). We find that there is a clear trend that more massive galaxies tend to have higher “extra” attenuation toward nebular regions, while galaxies with higher specific star formation rates tend to have lower extra attenuation. We also confirm these trends by using the WISE mid-infrared photometry with a significantly large sample size of the WISE–SDSS–GALEX galaxies (&gt;50000 sources). Finally, we study how the levels of extra attenuation toward nebular regions change across the SFR–M⋆ plane. We find that, even at a fixed stellar mass, galaxies located below the main sequence tend to have higher levels of extra attenuation toward nebular regions, suggesting a change in dust geometry within the galaxies across the star-forming main sequence during the course of the star formation quenching process.
Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Leaf Rust Resistance in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Pinto da Silva Gerarda Beatriz , Zanella Camila Martini , Martinelli José Antônio , Chaves Márcia Soares , Hiebert Colin W. , McCallum Brent D. , Boyd Lesley Ann 
Published: September 2018

Leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, is a major threat to wheat production in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The introduction of leaf rust resistance genes into elite wheat germplasm is the preferred method of disease control, being environmentally friendly and crucial to sustained wheat production. Consequently, there is considerable value in identifying and characterizing new sources of leaf rust resistance. While many major, qualitative leaf rust resistance genes have been identified in wheat, a growing number of valuable sources of quantitative resistance have been reported. Here we review the progress made in the genetic identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance detected primarily in field analyses, i.e., adult plant resistance. Over the past 50 years, leaf rust resistance loci have been assigned to genomic locations through chromosome analyses and genetic mapping in biparental mapping populations, studies that represent 79 different wheat leaf rust resistance donor lines. In addition, seven association mapping studies have identified adult plant and seedling leaf rust resistance marker trait associations in over 4,000 wheat genotypes. Adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL have been found on all 21 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat, with the B genome carrying the greatest number of QTL. The group 2 chromosomes are also particularly rich in leaf rust resistance QTL. The A genome has the lowest number of QTL for leaf rust resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Assessment of genetic structure of the endangered forest species Boswellia serrata Roxb. population in central india
Authors: Vaishnav Vivek , Mahesh Shashank , Kumar Pramod 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBoswellia serrata Roxb., a commercially important species for its pulp and pharmaceutical properties was sampled from three locations representing its natural distribution in central India for genetic characterization through 56 RAPD + 42 ISSR loci. The wood fiber dimensions measured for morphometric characterization confirmed 11.36% of the variation in the length and 8.75% of the variation in the width indicating its fitness for local adaptation. Bayesian and non-Bayesian approach based diversity measures resulted moderate within population gene diversity (0.26±0.17), Shannon’s information index (0.40±0.22) and panmictic heterozygosity (0.28±0.01). A high estimate for genetic differentiation measures i.e. GST (0.31), GST-B (0.33±0.02) and θ-II (0.45) led to the distinct clusters of the sampled genotypes representing their regional variability due to limited gene flow and total absence of natural regeneration. We report the first investigation of the species for its molecular characterization emphasizing the urgent need for the genetic improvement program for the In-situ/Ex-situ conservation and sustainable commercialization.
Fatigue and cognitive performance change in MS: multifactorial with disparate influences Short title: Predictors of fatigue and performance change in MS
Authors: Hu M , Muhlert N , Robertson N , Winter M 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is a common and disabling symptom in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with a variety of direct and indirect influences, but remains poorly understood. Performance-based and self-report measures of fatigue are only weakly correlated and may have independent predictors. We adopted a multifactorial approach, utilising a measure of concurrent cognitive performance change in order to examine the clinical, psychological, and cognitive factors influencing subjective and objective fatigue in MS.MethodsSixty-one people with MS were assessed. Subjective fatigue was measured using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Fatigue Assessment Instrument, and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Conners Continuous Performance Test 3 (CCPT3) and VAS were administered before and after two hours of cognitive testing, representing a period of cognitive effort. The differences in scores formed measures of objective performance fatigue and subjective fatigue change, respectively. We examined differences across baseline fatigue, fatigue change and performance change classifications, using regression analysis to uncover predictors of subjective fatigue and performance change.Table 1.Demographic and clinical features of the sampleResultsDepression, sleep, and emotion-focused coping each predicted baseline fatigue and together explained 53.5% of variance. Increased subjective fatigue was linked with anxiety, lower self-efficacy and gender. Cognitive performance change on the CCPT3 was however predicted by estimated general cognitive ability, self-efficacy and post-intervention fatigue.ConclusionSubjective fatigue in MS is a multifactorial construct, with subjective and objective cognitive performance fatigue largely influenced by indirect psychological and cognitive factors. The varying factors driving subjective and objective fatigue suggest that future studies need to take into account these disparate aspects when developing fatigue assessment tools. Targeting influential fatigue drivers such as psychological variables, and even using gender specific interventions may have the potential to improve the burden of fatigue and quality of life of people with MS.
Bio-On-Magnetic-Beads (BOMB): Open platform for high-throughput nucleic acid extraction and manipulation
Authors: Oberacker Phil , Stepper Peter , Bond Donna M , Höhn Sven , Focken Jule , Meyer Vivien , Schelle Luca , Sugrue Victoria J , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Moser Tim , Hore Steven R , Meyenn Ferdinand von , Hipp Katharina , Hore Timothy A , Jurkowski Tomasz P 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrent molecular biology laboratories rely heavily on the purification and manipulation of nucleic acids. Yet, commonly used centrifuge-and column-based protocols require specialised equipment, often use toxic reagents and are not economically scalable or practical to use in a high-throughput manner. Although it has been known for some time that magnetic beads can provide an elegant answer to these issues, the development of open-source protocols based on beads has been limited. In this article, we provide step-by-step instructions for an easy synthesis of functionalised magnetic beads, and detailed protocols for their use in the high-throughput purification of plasmids, genomic DNA and total RNA from different sources, as well as environmental TNA and PCR amplicons. We also provide a bead-based protocol for bisulfite conversion, and size selection of DNA and RNA fragments. Comparison to other methods highlights the capability, versatility and extreme cost-effectiveness of using magnetic beads. These open source protocols and the associated webpage (https://bomb.bio) can serve as a platform for further protocol customisation and community engagement.
Genome-wide association studies of impulsive personality traits (BIS-11 and UPPSP) and drug Experimentation in up to 22,861 adult research participants
Authors: Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Fontanillas Pierre , Elson Sarah L. ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Kleinman Aaron , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A.M. , Pitts Steven J. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Sazonova Olga V. , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Catherine H. , Gray Joshua C. , Wit Harriet de , MacKillop James , Palmer Abraham A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundImpulsive personality traits are complex heritable traits that are governed by frontal-subcortical circuits and are associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly drug abuse.MethodsIn collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on measures of impulsive personality traits (the short version of the UPPSP Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11]) and drug experimentation (the number of drug classes an individual has tried in their lifetime) in up to 22,861 male and female adult research participants of European ancestry.ResultsImpulsive personality traits and drug experimentation showed SNP-heritabilities that ranged from 5 to 11%. Genetic variants in theCADM2locus were significantly associated with the UPPSP Sensation Seeking subscale (P= 8.3 × 10-9, rs139528938) and showed a suggestive association with drug experimentation (P= 3.0 × 10-7, rs2163971; r2= 0.68 with rs139528938);CADM2has been previously associated with measures of risky behaviors and self-reported risk tolerance, cannabis initiation, alcohol consumption, as well as information speed processing, body mass index (BMI) variation and obesity. Furthermore, genetic variants in theCACNA1Ilocus were significantly associated with the UPPSP Negative Urgency subscale (P= 3.8 × 10-8, rs199694726). Multiple subscales from both UPPSP and BIS showed strong genetic correlations (>0.5) with drug experimentation and other substance use traits measured in independent cohorts, including smoking initiation, and lifetime cannabis use. Several UPPSP and BIS subscales were genetically correlated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (rg= 0.30-0.51, p < 8.69 x 10-3), supporting their validity as endophenotypes.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a role for common genetic contributions to individual differences in impulsivity. Furthermore, our study is the first to provide a genetic dissection of the relationship between different types of impulsive personality traits and various psychiatric disorders.
Pharmacophore-driven Identification of N-Methyl-D-Receptor Antagonists as Potent Neuroprotective Agents Validated UsingIn-VivoStudies
Authors: Sharma Mukta , Mittal Anupama , Singh Aarti , Jainarayanan Ashwin K. , Sharma Swapnil , Paliwal Sarvesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most widespread cause of dementia is delineated by progressive cognitive impairment in the elderly people. During its progression, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonists are known to play a key role in the mechanisms of learning and memory. Extensive side effects alongside other effects on learning and memory have limited the therapeutic significance of various blockers and antagonists of the NMDA receptor. In this study, we identify potential compounds targeted against NMDA. In order to reveal the essential structural features for NMDA receptor, three-dimensional pharmacophore models are constructed based on a set of known NMDA inhibitors. This is followed by virtual screening which results in novel chemical compounds having the potential to inhibit NMDA. The lead compounds are then subjected to molecular docking and assessed by a scoring function, which results in two compounds with high Libdock scores. These compounds also show interactions with important residues at the active site. The compounds are shortlisted on the basis of high estimated activity, fit values, LibDock score, no violation to Lipinski’s and availability for procuring.Of the shortlisted compounds, one compound satisfying the entire aforementioned criterion is further tested usingin-vivostudies on mice with the help of an eight-arm radial maze. The pharmacophore-based virtual screening protocol presented in this study pave the way forward to address the unmet medical need of Alzheimer disease.
Novel childhood experience suggests eccentricity drives organization of human visual cortex
Authors: Gomez Jesse , Barnett Michael , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe functional organization of human high-level visual cortex, such as face and place-selective regions, is strikingly consistent across individuals. A fundamental, unanswered question in neuroscience is what dimensions of visual information constrain the development and topography of this shared brain organization? To answer this question, we scanned with fMRI a unique group of adults who, as children, engaged in extensive experience with a novel stimulus–Pokémon–which are dissimilar from other ecological categories such as faces and places along critical dimensions (foveal bias, rectilinearity, size, animacy) from. We find that experienced adults not only demonstrate distinct and consistent distributed cortical responses to Pokémon, but their activations suggest that it is the experienced retinal eccentricity during childhood that predicts the locus of distributed responses to Pokémon in adulthood. These data advance our understanding about how childhood experience and functional constraints shape the functional organization of the human brain.