bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Character and the Moral Self in Barack Obama’s Memoir, Dreams from My Father
Authors: Washington Ernest , Zandvakili Elham , Gordon Edmund 
Published: August 2018

Barack Obama is the subject and his memoir is the content for this essay on character and the moral self. These last two themes are applied to the development of Barack Obama’s character traits of love and caring, temperance, courage, love of learning, justice, and spirituality. Each character trait is valued, practiced worldwide and praised in children and adults. This analysis answers a question that has eluded scholars and political pundits. How was it possible for Barack Obama to understand that whites would vote for him to become president of the United States? The answer is hidden in plain view in the development of his character and moral self. This essay provides insights into how his character prepared him to become President of the United States.A practical model of character development is an important aim of this essay. Character is habits of mind and body that persist over time. The development of the moral self is a frame for understanding the role of emotions and cognition in the cultivation of habits of mind. Understanding the character of Barack Obama is only partial vindication of a model of the development of character. A supremely talented Barack Obama makes any model look good. The test of the usefulness and validity of the model is that it provokes the reader to think about children, especially African-American children in all of their uniqueness and universality. A conversation that begins with the habits of love and caring, temperance, courage, love of learning, justice, and spirituality is a good beginning toward that end.
Cilia‐Inspired Functional Channels for High‐Speed and Directional PEMFC Drainage
Authors: Lu Guolong , Cui Hao , Zhao Taotao , Yang Wei , Wang Mi , Liu Zhenning , Niu Shichao , Ren Luquan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) consist of channels that require efficient drainage for optimum performance. However, it remains a grand challenge to achieve both directed and high‐speed active drainage in PEMFC channels. This greatly limits current PEMFC performance. Herein, inspired by respiratory cilia, a bioinspired structural design strategy is introduced into the channel surface to significantly enhance its active droplet transport efficiency. Two artificial cilia arrays are fabricated and named as plane‐bottom artificial cilia array (PACA) and concave‐bottom artificial cilia array (CACA) according to their respective shapes. PACA demonstrates stable directional transport. The droplet speed reaches as high as 86 mm s−1 with droplet volumes ranging from 10 to 20 µL. This is surpassed by CACA. Its speed reaches as high as 163 mm s−1 for droplet volumes ranging from 10 to 50 µL. PEMFC experimental evaluation of diameter sizes shows that CACA can be tuned for enhancing its electrochemical performance. CACA‐8 achieves the maximum power density (0.5339 W cm−2) at 1.1864 A cm−2, representing an 18.70% increase compared to conventional PEMFC channels. This work provides a promising strategy for the stable and efficient transport of liquid water in PEMFC.
Synergistic Phototherapy Using Zwitterionic Crystalline Nanoaggregates of Orthogonal Donor–Acceptor Small‐Molecule Dyads
Authors: Hao Xiaoying , Gao Min , Zhang Ruiling , Tang Ying , Mu Xueluer , Zhao Yongxian , Lu Yingxi , Zhou Xianfeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping nanophotosensitizer (nanoPS) for synergistic phototherapy by leveraging the aggregation of small‐molecule dyes is compelling frontier in precision medicine, but challenges remain due to the limited understanding of the interactions between molecular structure, assembly behavior, and theranostic function. Here, the concept of “spin‐orbit charge‐transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC) in crystalline aggregates” is introduced, which significantly enhances photodynamic (PD) and photothermal (PT) properties of small‐molecule‐based nanoPS. Specifically, a cationic pyridine (Py) group is incorporated at the meso‐position of a tricyanofuran (TCF)‐containing anionic heptamethine cyanine (TCF‐Cy7‐TCF) dye to construct an orthogonal charge‐transfer dyad (TCF‐Cy7(Py)‐TCF), boosting triplet state formation through SOCT‐ISC mechanism to enhance the PD properties. Remarkably, the zwitterion moieties impart TCF‐Cy7(Py)‐TCF with high crystallinity even at ultralow concentrations, dictating its stacking behavior within aggregates and enhancing both PT and PD properties. The TCF‐Cy7(Py)‐TCF nanoaggregates exhibit superior singlet oxygen quantum yield (0.8% vs 0.2%) and photothermal conversion efficiency (55.06% vs 7.78%) compared to TCF‐Cy7‐TCF. Impressively, TCF‐Cy7(Py)‐TCF preferentially accumulates at tumor sites, yielding high signal‐to‐background ratios for tumor imaging in NIR‐I and NIR‐II windows, with minimal nonspecific binding. Finally, in vivo experiments confirm TCF‐Cy7(Py)‐TCF nanoaggregates function as nanoPS for synergistic phototherapy, offering a simple yet effective strategy to design single‐component PS for clinical translation.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Photoredox Catalysis Activates Pyroptosis for Effective Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhao Bin , Ye Jingyi , Chen Zeyu , Chen Danyang , Chai Jiahui , Luo Zhongxu , Chen Xu , Shao Dan , He Qianjun , Fan Chunhai , Zhang Huan , Zhang Honglu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of biocompatible and efficient photocatalytic redox systems to mimic bio‐photoreactors in living cells holds great potential for manipulating intracellular biochemical reaction processes and thus advancing tumor therapy. In this study, a mitochondria‐targeted photoredox catalyst, 2D vacancy‐rich molybdenum oxide nanosheets (Mt‐VR‐MoO3) is presented. These nanosheets possess a high density of oxygen vacancies (19.2%) and exhibit strong photocatalytic redox activity under near‐infrared (NIR) light. Following a two‐step functionalization, Mt‐VR‐MoO3 effectively disrupts mitochondrial electron flow in an oxygen‐independent manner upon irradiation with second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light. This targeted disruption leads to on‐demand induction of substantial damage to tumor cell mitochondria, characterized by increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), which collectively trigger the pyroptosis of cancer cells. The approach achieved tumor‐targeted photocatalytic eradication with high efficacy (tumor growth inhibition rate of 86.9%) in an orthotopic breast 4T1 murine tumor model, with no observable harm to normal organs. These findings provide inspiration for manipulating intracellular biochemical reactions using artificial photocatalytic materials, paving the way for pyroptosis activation as a promising approach in tumor therapy.
Freezing‐Assisted Direct Ink Writing of Customized Polyimide Aerogels with Controllable Micro‐ and Macro‐ Structures for Thermal Insulation
Authors: Xue Tiantian , Yuan Shijia , Yang Yi , Wan Xiong , Yang Yujie , Mu Xinshuo , Zhang Longsheng , Zhang Chao , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolyimide (PI) aerogels have attracted attention in thermal management due to their low thermal conductivity, high porosity, and robust mechanical properties. However, building PI aerogels with elaborately tailored micro‐ and macro‐ structures for optimized thermal insulation performance in specific scenarios remains a challenge. Here, a scalable approach is reported to prepare PI aerogels with controllable micro‐ and macro‐ structures by freezing‐assisted direct ink writing (FADIW) of poly(amic acid) (PAA) inks. This FADIW strategy can enable continuous ink deposition and transient low‐temperature‐induced gelation, contributing to the facile construction of spatially free geometries with structural complexity and shape fidelity. Importantly, controllable construction of microstructures of the aerogels is achieved by controlling the extrusion substrate temperature. The resulting customized PI aerogels show good thermal insulation owing to the porous microstructure and customized macrostructure, enabling good thermal management for portable electronics. In addition, this FADIW strategy is universal and allows for multi‐material integration, broadening the functionality of PI aerogels. Significantly, such FADIW approach can be promisingly applied to realize on‐demand design of PI aerogels and other polymer aerogels with targeted micro‐ and macro‐structures, offering an alternative avenue for the manufacture of customized aerogels toward widespread applications.
A review on lactic acid production via microbial fermentation from biowaste: insights on scaling up to industrial process
Authors: Haris Nur Izzah Nabilah , Salleh Shanti Faridah , Nolasco‐Hipolito Cirilo , Awang Husaini Awang Ahmad Sallehin , Wondi Mohd Hafizz , Harun Nur Haninah , Abdul Raof Nurliyana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLactic acid (LA), the starting material for polylactic acid, is currently in high demand owing to rising bioplastic production. Large‐scale production of LA typically uses a first‐generation feedstock, namely food‐grade sugars, owing to the absence of contaminants and ease of processing. However, it is not ethically correct to grow crops exclusively for LA production as the available land, water and resources should be utilized for food. Utilizing biowaste as a feedstock, which does not compete with the supply of the food chain, is a more responsible strategy. This review intends to address the most critical aspect of recent advances in laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale LA production that utilizes biowaste as the substrate. Based on the review, the biowastes used for LA fermentation can be categorized into four main groups: starchy materials, lignocellulosic materials, food and dairy wastes. A flowchart that summarizes the process of developing a pilot scale LA production is proposed. It covers essential parameters to be considered, such as the substrate, fermentation process and inoculum. The future insights concerning LA production are critically addressed at the end of this review.
The impact of board gender diversity on green building practices: Moving beyond traditional linear and logistic specifications
Authors: Montero José‐María , Valls Martínez María del Carmen , Santos‐Jaén José Manuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between sustainability and gender equality by analyzing how the percentage of women on the board of directors (still less than 50% in most cases) influences a company's commitment to green building practices. For this analysis, we estimate 30 competing multivariate pooled and panel data logistic specifications, including the gender diversity factor in both its traditional and polynomial forms. This methodological innovation (the polynomial form) allows for the examination of gender diversity's relationship with other variables beyond conventional models that assume constant effects, thus enabling a more realistic depiction of impacts that vary with the degree of diversity. Our dataset includes companies listed on the Euro Stoxx 300 and Standard & Poor's 500 for the period 2010–2021. The findings indicate that, in both indices, an increased percentage of women on the board (and a higher Blau diversity index) correlates with a greater propensity for sustainable building practices, up to a threshold nearing parity. The impacts are more significant in Europe than in the U.S., where board gender diversity appears to have a lesser influence on green building initiatives. The specification that best models the relationship between sustainable building practices and gender diversity, along with other relevant factors, is a multivariate panel data logistic model with the gender diversity factor included as a cubic polynomial for companies listed on the Euro Stoxx 300. A similar model, but with the gender factor in a quadratic polynomial form, was selected for companies listed on the Standard & Poor's 500. Therefore, the impact function of gender diversity on sustainable building practices is not constant but depends on the existing degree of board gender diversity, with the shape of the impact function differing between Europe and the U.S. Additionally, the study finds that other board characteristics—larger boards, longer tenures of directors, and higher compensation for senior executives—are associated with an increased propensity towards green practices in both the European and U.S. contexts. Conversely, linking CEO compensation to shareholder returns reduces this propensity. Moreover, the number of non‐executive directors and the overlap between the Chairperson and CEO positions do not significantly impact this propensity.
Developing and implementing a teledentistry educational model in a predoctoral dental program
Authors: Qari Alaa Husni , Sharka Rayan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTeledentistry (TD) education has become essential to ensure that future dentists acquire the requisite competencies to navigate the evolving landscape of dental care. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive prior research that outlines a specific pedagogy for integrating TD education and training into the predoctoral dental curriculum. This article describes the development and implementation of an innovative TD educational model for predoctoral dental students.MethodsThe dental public health course for fourth and fifth‐year students was redesigned to include a TD educational model, comprising four components: foundational knowledge and case discussions, critical thinking activities, designing TD programs, and hands‐on and field training. Student feedback was gathered through a questionnaire.ResultsOut of 47 students enrolled in the course, 39 responded to the questionnaire. The feedback was predominantly positive, with most students expressing satisfaction with the instructor's performance, particularly in providing adequate help and feedback. Students felt the TD sessions gave them a solid foundational understanding of TD and helped them grasp its various modalities. However, some students desired more hands‐on clinical training and faced time constraints that affected their ability to fully understand the material and complete assignments.ConclusionsIntegrating the TD educational model into the predoctoral dental curriculum has significantly improved the learning experience. This model has equipped students with essential practical and hands‐on TD experience, preparing them for the dynamic field of dental practice and enabling them to meet the diverse needs of patients in various settings.
Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Meniere's Disease: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yeo Cha Dong , Lee Haeng‐Jin , Kim Jong Seung , Lee Eun Jung 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes. Although AD is well‐known for its association with other allergic conditions, its relationship with Meniere's disease has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between AD and Meniere's disease.MethodsThis study utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort, a nationwide population‐based database. The AD group was selected from a cohort of 1 million individuals randomly extracted from database. A non‐AD group was obtained through Propensity Score Matching.ResultsThe AD group comprised 84,579 individuals, with an equal number of individuals in the non‐AD (control) group. The overall hazard ratio (HR) for Meniere's disease in the AD group was 1.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.6). Subgroup analysis showed an adjusted HR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.38–0.48) for Meniere's disease in males, 4.99 (95% CI: 4.45–5.62) in the middle‐aged group (40–59 years), and 8.21 (95% CI: 7.21–9.35) in the older age group (≥60 years). Additionally, the adjusted HRs for developing Meniere's disease were higher in patients with comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis (1.18 [95% CI, 1.07–1.32]), allergic contact dermatitis (1.32 [95% CI, 1.19–1.48]), and allergic conjunctivitis (1.54 [95% CI, 1.32–1.82]).ConclusionLong‐term follow‐up revealed that the prevalence of Meniere's disease was 1.44 times higher in the AD group compared to the control group. Moreover, older age, female sex, allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis were identified as factors that increase the risk of developing Meniere's disease.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Studies of Structural, Impedance, Modulus Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Properties of Cr‐Modified SrTiO3 Perovskite Ceramic
Authors: Yadav Vedika , Dev Jai , Kushwaha Pallavi , Kumar Upendra 
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of chromium inclusion on the structural, microstructural, frequency dependent electrical and magnetic properties of SrTiO3 perovskite. The composition of Sr1−xCrxTiO3 (SCT) ceramics with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04 is preapred via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction data revealed a cubic structure with space group . All SCT samples have been analyzed for Cr incorporation at the Sr‐site using Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy studies probed a gradual increase in grain size due to the uniform distribution of dopants across sample surfaces, as confirmed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis. Cr doping strongly influences the electrical properties of grain and grain boundary resistance. All samples undergo Arrhenius‐type transport via oxygen ion migration and mixed conduction (ionic/electron), whereas relaxation occurs through mixed‐type association () and (). The magnetic nature of Cr‐doped samples confirms room‐temperature ferromagnetism due to carrier‐associated oxygen vacancies and Ruderman‐Kittel‐Kasuya‐Yosida interaction. These findings investigate Cr doping as mixed‐ionic and electronic conductors for intermediate temperature‐solid oxide fuel cells and spintronics‐based semiconductor devices.
Lung lobe torsion following intrathoracic surgery in a dog
Authors: Biehl Kathryn , Thieman Mankin Kelley , Grimes Janet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, male, neutered Irish Setter was presented for subacute onset of coughing/gagging, fever and lethargy. Computed tomography showed paraoesophageal nodules. Exploratory thoracotomy was performed with excision of three tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and the dog was discharged 2 days postoperatively. Seven days after thoracotomy, the dog developed tachypnoea and haemoptysis. A thoracic computed tomography was performed 14 days after thoracotomy, which revealed left caudal lung lobe torsion. At surgery, the lung lobe torsion was confirmed, and the left caudal lung lobe was excised. The dog was discharged 3 days postoperatively. Lung lobe torsion following thoracic surgery is more commonly reported in humans, and rarely occurs in dogs without prior lung lobectomy. This case report shows that lung lobe torsion can be a complication of thoracic surgery, even without prior lung lobectomy.
Between Online and Offline Due Process: The Digital Services Act
Authors: Gentile Giulia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe EU approach to governing the digital space increasingly features public law tools that seek to address the imbalances of powers of the online environment. Among those public law tools, EU fundamental rights have a prominent role. Hence, the questions emerge of how EU fundamental rights migrate and adapt to the legal issues of the world of bits, and how the coherence of EU law on- and off-line could be preserved. These issues become especially complex for the Digital Services Act adopted to repeal the E-commerce directive. This novel framework introduces procedural guarantees of ‘digital due process’ in the context of the take down procedure. Whether these procedural rights should be conceptualised as part of the EU standards of due process is a complex matter due to several controversial implications for the EU governance. While strengthening the EU due process pedigree of online take down procedures could enhance fairness on online platforms, it could also lead to a disintegration of the judicial authorities’ power and a potential balkanisation of fundamental rights’ protection.
Environmental and Energy Security on the Way to Rebuilding Ukraine on the Principle of Zero Carbon Footprint
Authors: Svitlana Delehan , Hanna Melehanych 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores state of Ukraine’s energy security in view of the changing geopolitical landscape and new strategic risks as a result of Russia’s military actions against Ukraine; green certification of Ukraine’s civil and industrial infrastructure based on the principle of life cycle assessment in the context of European integration in times of war; the integration of international green certification standards, including LEED, BREEAM, and the WELL Building Standard, into the post-war reconstruction efforts in Ukraine. It highlights the comprehensive assessment criteria of LEED and BREEAM, emphasizing energy efficiency, water management, materials usage, and innovation. A comparison of these standards is also made. Additionally, it discusses the unique focus of the WELL Building Standard on occupant health and well-being. The article underscores the potential of these standards to guide the selection of environmentally friendly construction materials, efficient energy systems, and sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, it discusses the benefits of incorporating these standards, such as enhancing building competitiveness, improving indoor environmental quality, and promoting human health and productivity. This integration represents a significant step in Ukraine’s alignment with European standards and the adoption of new ecological practices, fostering its integration into the European Union and signaling its commitment to sustainable development.
The Tort of Armed Aggression Principles Applied by the Russian Federation Against Ukraine and Its Post War Recovery
Authors: Maydanyk Roman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the intricate legal landscape surrounding the tort of armed aggression, focusing on the principles applied by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the subsequent post-war recovery efforts. It underscores the urgent need for effective legal mechanisms to compel the aggressor state to provide compensation for the extensive damage inflicted. Reparations, spanning infrastructure reconstruction and individual restitution for human rights violations, are deemed essential components of transitional justice. However, existing international and national legal frameworks lack clear guidelines for establishing tort liability for damage caused by armed aggression. The paper advocates for a paradigm shift towards a reparative-tort model, emphasizing individual victim compensation alongside state reparations. It examines the evolving nature of property liability, encompassing both public and private torts of armed aggression. Furthermore, it outlines potential guiding principles for armed aggression tort and Ukraine’s recovery, including provisions for counter-measures, asset constraints, and models for implementation in domestic and international law. The study concludes by advocating for the formulation of soft law acts to address these gaps and pave the way for more coherent legal frameworks and judicial practices in navigating the complexities of armed conflict compensation and recovery.
Identifying and Facilitating High-Quality Research
Authors: Langfeldt Liv , Aagaard Kaare , Borlaug Siri Brorstad , Sivertsen Gunnar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolicies attempting to promote high-quality research are widespread. But what does it mean to promote high-quality research? And do these policies work? This chapter summarizes what we know and do not know about these issues.