bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrical endothelial cell migration from in vitro Quarter‐Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty grafts
Authors: Miron Alina , Spinozzi Daniele , Bruinsma Marieke , Lie Jessica T. , Birbal Rénuka S. , Baydoun Lamis , Oellerich Silke , Melles Gerrit R.J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate in vitro central and peripheral corneal endothelial cell (EC) migration from Quarter–Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (Quarter‐DMEK) grafts.MethodsQuarter‐DMEK grafts were obtained from 10 corneas ineligible for transplantation but with intact and viable ECs. Ten Quarter‐DMEK grafts were ‘sandwiched’ between two glass slides and cultured over 1 week in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cell migration was evaluated by light microscopy at standardized time intervals. In addition, immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to assess the detailed structural organization of ECs in the corneal centre and far periphery.ResultsEndothelial cell (EC) migration occurred from the radial cut graft edges, but not from the far peripheral area. Cell migration followed three different migration patterns: (1) individual cell migration, (2) uncoordinated cell migration of cell clusters and (3) collective migration in which ECs moved as a sheet. Immunostaining showed the presence of ECs up to the far periphery but with different expression patterns of phenotypical markers ZO‐1, Na+/K+ ‐ATPase and vimentin compared to central ECs.ConclusionIn vitro EC migration from Quarter‐DMEK grafts occurs along the radial cut edges with a decrease in migration activity towards the corneal far periphery. No migration occurred along the outer peripheral corneal edge possibly due to a different anatomical matrix in the far periphery. Hence, ECs from the far periphery may not contribute to corneal clearance of the adjacent bare area after Quarter‐DMEK surgery, but these cells may constitute a valuable cellular reserve on the graft.
Remapping the cognitive and neural profiles of children who struggle at school
Authors: Astle Duncan E. , Bathelt Joe ,   The CALM Team, Holmes Joni 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur understanding of learning difficulties largely comes from children with specific diagnoses or individuals selected from community/clinical samples according to strict inclusion criteria. Applying strict exclusionary criteria overemphasizes within group homogeneity and between group differences, and fails to capture comorbidity. Here, we identify cognitive profiles in a large heterogeneous sample of struggling learners, using unsupervised machine learning in the form of an artificial neural network. Children were referred to the Centre for Attention Learning and Memory (CALM) by health and education professionals, irrespective of diagnosis or comorbidity, for problems in attention, memory, language, or poor school progress (n = 530). Children completed a battery of cognitive and learning assessments, underwent a structuralMRIscan, and their parents completed behavior questionnaires. Within the network we could identify four groups of children: (a) children with broad cognitive difficulties, and severe reading, spelling and maths problems; (b) children with age‐typical cognitive abilities and learning profiles; (c) children with working memory problems; and (d) children with phonological difficulties. Despite their contrasting cognitive profiles, the learning profiles for the latter two groups did not differ: both were around 1SDbelow age‐expected levels on all learning measures. Importantly a child's cognitive profile was not predicted by diagnosis or referral reason. We also constructed whole‐brain structural connectomes for children from these four groupings (n = 184), alongside an additional group of typically developing children (n = 36), and identified distinct patterns of brain organization for each group. This study represents a novel move toward identifying data‐driven neurocognitive dimensions underlying learning‐related difficulties in a representative sample of poor learners.
From childhood to adulthood: health care use in individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: Roquet Marion , Garlantezec Ronan , Remy‐Neris Olivier , Sacaze Elise , Gallien Philippe , Ropars Juliette , Houx Laetitia , Pons Christelle , Brochard Sylvain 
Published: September 2018

AimTo analyse the health care usage of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) as a function of age and ambulatory status.MethodIn total, 970 self‐administered questionnaires relating to health care usage were sent, via a clinical network of professionals and institutions, to children and adults with CP in Brittany, France. Frequency of use of different aspects of health care were analysed as a function of age and ambulatory status. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated differences in the frequency of each health care type with age; the transition from childhood to adulthood was specifically analysed.ResultsThe response rate was 53% (282 adults, 230 children). Use of medication (particularly psychotropic and analgesic) increased with age, while physical‐types of health care (rehabilitation, physical medicine and rehabilitation follow‐up, and equipment) decreased with age, independently of ambulatory status. Use of other treatments, such as botulinum toxin injections, was not influenced by age. The provision of rehabilitation was particularly affected by the period of transition.InterpretationAlthough health care needs change naturally in adulthood, the large decrease in usage of specific types of rehabilitation after the transition to adulthood suggested individuals had difficulty accessing this type of health care after childhood. These results provide objectives for the development of patient‐centred, transitional consultations, and longitudinal studies.What this paper adds

Use of medication, particularly psychotropic and analgesic drugs, increased with age in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Use of orthoses, physical medicine and rehabilitation physician follow‐up, and rehabilitation decreased with age.

Transition from childhood to adulthood involved significant changes in health care usage.
Reinforcement of barrier function – skin repair formulations to deliver physiological lipids into skin
Authors: Zhang Z. , Lukic M. , Savic S. , Lunter D. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to develop formulations to deliver physiological lipids into skin in an attempt to repair defective barrier function.MethodsPhysiological cholesterol and linoleic acid were incorporated into basic cream and non‐ionic cream to prepare skin repair formulations. Homogeneity and storage stability of the developed creams were examined by polarized light microscopy. Ex vivo evaluation was conducted using lipid‐deficient skin samples and confocal Raman microspectroscopy. A 7‐day in vivo study was performed on volunteers to study the repairing efficacy.ResultsHomogeneous texture was seen in the prepared skin repair formulations. The application of the creams led to substantially increased lipid levels compared to the reference in the lipid‐deficient skin in ex vivo study. Twice‐a‐day application of the skin repair creams provided a reinforcement of the skin barrier as transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was significantly decreased.ConclusionThe skin repair creams showed excellent efficacy in skin recovery. They have great potentials for treating impaired skin barrier associated with depletion of lipids in stratum corneum.
Dicer regulates Nosema ceranae proliferation in honeybees
Authors: Huang Q. , Li W. , Chen Y. , Retschnig‐Tanner G. , Yanez O. , Neumann P. , Evans J. D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that infects the honeybee midgut epithelium. The protein‐coding gene Dicer is lost in most microsporidian genomes but is present in N. ceranae. By feeding infected honeybees with small interfering RNA targeting the N. ceranae gene coding Dicer (siRNA‐Dicer), we found that N. ceranae spore loads were significantly reduced. In addition, over 10% of total parasite protein‐coding genes showed significantly divergent expression profiles after siRNA‐Dicer treatment. Parasite genes for cell proliferation, ABC transporters and hexokinase were downregulated at 3 days postinfection, a key point in the middle of parasite replication cycles. In addition, genes involved in metabolic pathways of honeybees and N. ceranae showed significant co‐expression. Furthermore, the siRNA‐Dicer treatment partly reversed the expression patterns of honeybee genes. The honeybee gene mucin‐2‐like showed significantly upregulation in the siRNA‐Dicer group compared with the infection group continually at 4, 5 and 6 days postinfection, suggesting that the siRNA‐Dicer feeding promoted the strength of the mucus barrier resulted from interrupted parasite proliferation. As the gene Dicer broadly regulates N. ceranae proliferation and honeybee metabolism, our data suggest the RNA interference pathway is an important infection strategy for N. ceranae.
Thermal properties of 2:1 bismuth borate: Temperature‐dependent characterizations of lone electron pairs
Authors: Murshed M. Mangir , Petersen Hilke , Fischer Michael , Curti Mariano , Mendive Cecilia B. , Baran Volodymyr , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractApplications of bismuth borate ceramics require understanding of the microscopic features, leading to macroscopic behaviors such as thermal expansion. We report the structural and spectroscopic features of Bi4B2O9 between 4 K and 900 K using a combination of temperature‐dependent neutron and X‐ray powder diffractions and Raman spectroscopy. Lattice thermal expansion was modeled using the Debye‐Einstein‐Anharmonicity (DEA) fit. The model also follows four independent thermal expansion tensors of the monoclinic system. Phonon density of states obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) calculations helps to understand the low Debye temperature calculated from the metric expansion as well as from the isotropic atomic displacement parameters. Both Wang‐Liebau eccentricity (WLE) parameter and Liebau density vector (LDV) are calculated from the structural data and from the DFT calculation, respectively. Whereas, the dimensionless absolute value of WLE measures the degree of deformation of the electronic deformation density of the 6s2 lone electron pairs (LEPs) of the Bi3+ cations, LDV additionally shows the changes of the orientation of the LEP‐lobes as function of temperature. Analyses of the temperature‐dependent frequencies of some selected Raman modes support the choice of the elastic model of the Debye approach.
Laser excitation‐activated self‐propagating sintering of NaYbF4:Pr3+/Gd3+ white light microcrystal phosphors
Authors: Jiang Mengci , Shen Si , He Jiayang , Wu E , Zeng Heping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate that self‐propagating sintering reaction could be activated and dramatically enhanced by laser excitation of ion dopants in the solid‐state reactants. Near‐resonant laser absorption and subsequent nonradiative decays make the solid‐state reactants be sintered efficiently while ionic excitations catalyze self‐propagating solid‐state reactions. As a prototype demo, we synthesized white light upconversion phosphors NaYbF4:Pr3+/Gd3+. A continuous‐wave laser at 980 nm was used to populate Yb3+ ions in YbF3 to excited level, which react with NaF to preform NaYbF4 nuclei. The preformed nuclei enhanced laser excitation and energy transfer to those ions that could not be directly excited by the pump laser and thus enabled self‐propagating solid‐state sintering synthesis of NaYbF4 microcrystals at quite low laser powers. Laser excitation of Yb3+ ions could also benefit facile rare‐earth ion doping through activated self‐propagating reactions. Gd3+ and Pr3+ ions were doped in NaYbF4 by simply adding Gd3+ and Pr3+ ionic oxides or fluorides in the raw materials. In addition, Gd3+ ions doping in F− anions ambient could transform the NaYbF4 microcrystal phase from cubic to hexagonal and tune upconversion photoluminescence. This synthetic method can be widely applied to synthesize many other solid‐state compounds, perovskite solar cells, photocatalysts, solid oxide fuel cells, and so forth.
Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the Askling L‐Protocol for hamstring training
Authors: Severini Giacomo , Holland Donal , Drumgoole Aisling , Delahunt Eamonn , Ditroilo Massimiliano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHamstring injuries are common in field sport athletes. Eccentric strength training of the hamstring muscles is an integral component of rehabilitation programs. The Askling L‐Protocol comprises three exercises [extender; diver; glider] that load the hamstrings during eccentric activity. When compared to a conventional exercise‐based rehabilitation program, the Askling L‐Protocol has been shown to reduce the time to return to sport following hamstring injury and prevalence of injury recurrence. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind its efficacy have yet to be studied. In this work, we conducted a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the exercises of the Askling L‐Protocol. Eleven healthy individuals performed each of the exercises while electromyographic data from four muscles (including two hamstring muscles) were recorded. Hip and knee angular displacements and velocities were also synchronously recorded using a motion capture system. We found that the L‐Protocol elicits a maximal contraction (up to 60% of the MVC in the glider exercise) in the hamstring muscles at a work point similar to the swing phase of running (around 62 degrees hip flexion and 23 degrees knee flexion). No difference in the levels of activation of the hamstrings was observed between the diver and glider, regardless of the different functional role they had in the two exercises. During the extender, the hamstring muscles are stretched and minimally engaged. Finally, co‐activation analysis highlighted that through the combination of passive stretch and active eccentric contraction, the hamstrings are trained to co‐activate using similar structural modules employed differentially to drive the movement or stabilize it.
Physiological responses and parasympathetic reactivation in rescue interventions: The effect of the breathing apparatus
Authors: Marcel‐Millet Philémon , Ravier Gilles , Grospretre Sidney , Gimenez Philippe , Freidig Sébastien , Groslambert Alain 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effect of wearing a breathing apparatus during a simulated rescue intervention on psychophysiological responses and parasympathetic reactivation of firefighters. Thirty‐four firefighters participated in this study which consisted of four experimental sessions conducted randomly: a maximal fitness test and three rescue interventions performed (a) with personal protective clothing (PPC); (b) with PPC and the full self‐contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), including cylinder, full‐face piece, and breathing regulator; and (c) with PPC and only the cylinder of the self‐contained breathing apparatus (SCBAc). Physiological (heart rate [HR], breathing frequency [BF]) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses were continuously collected during the three rescue interventions. Parasympathetic reactivation was assessed using HR recovery and variability indexes after experimental sessions. HR responses ranged between 63% and 95% of HRmax, and BF responses ranged between 22 and 55 breaths/min for the different activity tasks. Parasympathetic reactivation indexes were similar for the rescue interventions but lower than after the intermittent fitness test (P = 0.016 – P < 0.0001). Mean HR for both SCBAc (83.2 ± 4.1%HRmax) and SCBA (83.1 ± 5.2%HRmax) was higher in comparison with PPC (79.5 ± 5.3%HRmax). RPE was higher for SCBA than for SCBAc which was higher than PPC. Mean BF for SCBA (34 breaths/min) was lower than PPC (40 breaths/min) and SCBAc (43 breaths/min). Based on HR, BF, and RPE, rescue interventions seem to be psychologically and physiologically stressful. Parasympathetic reactivation after PCC, SCBA, and SCBAc suggests that these conditions induce higher cardiac stress than the maximal fitness test. The study showed that SCBA increased psychophysiological perturbations.
Public–private divide: cultural and social factors in women's attitudes toward cord blood banking in Jordan
Authors: Matsumoto Monica M. , Dajani Rana , Matthews Kirstin R.W. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDPrivate cord blood (CB) banking is more widespread than public banking in Jordan, contributing to misinformation and unequal access to resources. This study elucidates unique perspectives of women in Jordan toward CB banking for the purpose of national and international policymaking, ethics, and education.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe authors developed and disseminated a questionnaire to women in maternity outpatient clinic waiting rooms in five different hospitals in Jordan. A total of 899 surveys were collected with 100% return rate: 464 surveys from private hospitals and 435 from public ones. Data were reported as frequency distributions, chi‐square and Fisher's exact test statistics, and odds ratios.RESULTSPatient demographics, self‐reported knowledge, and opinions about CB banking differed significantly between women at private versus public hospitals. Women at private hospitals had higher levels of awareness and communication with a health care professional about CB banking, which is associated with more positive viewpoints on CB banking and a self‐reported higher likelihood of participating in CB banking in the future. Furthermore, religious approval and father‐only consent for CB banking must be considered as unique factors in CB storage in Jordan.CONCLUSIONThis analysis aids in identifying discrepancies in knowledge, resources, and communication, as well as unique population preferences. Comprehensive culturally attuned educational campaigns for patients and physicians should be a national priority to ensure ethical practice, informed decision making, and sustainable programs before the opening of Jordan's first public CB bank in 2017.
Factors influencing developmental delay among young children in poor rural China: a latent variable approach
Authors: Zhang Jingxu , Guo Sufang , Li Ying , Wei Qianwei , Zhang Cuihong , Wang Xiaoli , Luo Shusheng , Zhao Chunxia , Scherpbier Robert W 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of suspected developmental delay in children living in poor areas of rural China and to investigate factors influencing child developmental delay.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted.Eighty-three villages in Shanxi and Guizhou Provinces, China.ParticipantsA total of 2514 children aged 6–35 months and their primary caregivers.Outcome measuresSuspected child developmental delay was evaluated using the Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Chinese version. Caregivers’ education and age, wealth index, child feeding index, parent-child interaction, number of books and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were reported by the primary caregivers. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a calibrated, automated analyser. Birth weight was obtained from medical records.ResultsOverall, 35.7% of the surveyed children aged 6–35 months demonstrated suspected developmental delay. The prevalence of suspected developmental delay was inversely associated with age, with the prevalence among young children aged 6–11 months being almost double that of children aged 30–35 months (48.0% and 22.8%, respectively). Using a structural equation model, it was demonstrated that caregiver’s care and stimulus factors and child’s haemoglobin level were directly correlated, while caregiver’s sociodemographic factors were indirectly associated with suspected developmental delay.ConclusionsThe prevalence of suspected developmental delay is high in poor rural areas of China, and appropriate interventions to improve child development are needed.
Intimate partner violence and clinical coding: issues with the use of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) in England
Authors: Olive Philippa 
Published: September 2018

Objectives To investigate the availability of intimate partner violence-related population health information in England and the possibility of identifying intimate partner violence-exposed population sample frames from administrative health data systems in England employing the International Classification of Disease. Methods Research design was an exploratory mixed method approach that involved trend analysis of numbers of applications of International Classification of Disease intimate partner violence classifications for admissions to NHS hospitals in England over a five-year period and semi-structured focus group interviews with clinical coders at an NHS Hospital. Results Use of International Classification of Disease intimate partner violence classifications was generally low across NHS Trusts in England. There was notable variation in the numbers of applications across NHS providers which demographic differences or rates of violence perpetration would not account for. The interview findings revealed conceptual ambiguity regarding intimate partner violence classifications which presented challenges for clinical coding and raised questions about the reliability and validity of International Classification of Disease’s intimate partner violence classifications. Conclusion It would not be possible to extract robust data about populations exposed to intimate partner violence for the purposes of audit, governance or research from health information systems using current International Classification of Disease-10 classifications. Development of these International Classification of Disease codes is essential for violence and abuse to be captured more accurately in health information systems and afforded greater prioritization and funding proportionate to the health burden and service demands that intimate partner violence is responsible for.
Fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearbox based on wavelet neural network
Authors: Huitao Chen , Shuangxi Jing , Xianhui Wang , Zhiyang Wang 
Published: September 2018

In order to monitor the wind turbine gearbox running state effectively, a fault diagnosis method of wind turbine gearbox is put forward based on wavelet neural network. Taking a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox as the target of study, the frequency spectrum of vibration signal and the fault mechanism of driving part are analyzed, and the eigenvalues of the frequency domain are extracted. A wavelet neural network model for fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearbox is established, and wavelet neural network is trained by using different feature vectors of fault types. The relationship between fault component and vibration signal is identified, and the vibration fault of wind turbine gearbox is predicted and diagnosed by network model. The analysis results show that the method can diagnose fault and fault pattern recognition of wind turbine gearbox very well.