bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of perceptions of politician brand warmth and competence on voting intentions
Authors: Bennett Aronté Marie , Malone Chris , Cheatham Kenyn , Saligram Naina 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe cultivation and maintenance of a brand is becoming increasingly important as politicians seek to connect with constituents. Through the lens of social cognition and group dynamics, this paper aims to understand the impact of evaluations of politician brands on voter intentions.Design/methodology/approachThree studies utilize the social cognition constructs of warmth and competence from the stereotype content model (SCM) and Brands as Intentional Agents Framework (BIAF) to evaluate the impact of brand perceptions on voting intentions, comparing fit between the models. The first study establishes the impact of these perceptions on existing politicians. The second study replicates these effects while controlling for party affiliation and extraneous factors and explicitly studies politicians as brands. The third study examines the formation of perceptions and assumptions when full information is unavailable.FindingsSocial cognition and group dynamics drive responses to politician brands. The data herein support perceptions of warmth and competence as significant predictors of voting intentions. Dependent upon whether the politician is being evaluated as a brand or a person, BIAF or SCM predicts the dimension that will be most impactful. These patterns persist in the absence of full information. As expected, voting intentions increased significantly when the voter was of the same (vs opposing) party as that of the candidate.Research limitations/implicationsConducted during an election year, evaluations of politicians are susceptible to the current political climate and the predominantly two party political system in which the studies were conducted. The design of Studies 2 and 3 addresses some of these limitations. Results point toward the interrelated nature of warmth and competence perceptions and the usefulness of applying both BIAF and SCM to understand how voters view politicians and the drivers of voting intentions.Practical implicationsThis study evidences the depth to which perceptions of candidates impact voting intent, establishing politicians’ unique position as both brands and people. These findings prove useful in interpreting the outcome of elections this year, and beyond.Originality/valueExpanding a limited body of existing research, this work contributes to our understanding of the application of SCM within the context of politician brands. As the first concurrent investigation of SCM and BIAF, these findings are of value to political strategists and academics alike. The contribution is augmented by the consideration of the impact of party affiliation and missing information.
Health and fitness online communities and product behaviour
Authors: Dessart Laurence , Duclou Maureen 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the impact of online community participation on attitudes and product-related behaviour in the health and fitness sector.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data are collected from 221 users of the social medium Instagram, members of the self-proclaimed health and fitness community (#fitfam). Data are analysed with structural equation modelling.FindingsThe study shows that online community identification and engagement significantly increase health environment sensitivity, resulting in heightened engagement in physical fitness and healthy product choices.Social implicationsGiven the difficulty to remain engaged in pro-health behaviour and the growing impact of social media on young adults’ lives, these findings are encouraging. They show that online health and fitness communities provide a supportive environment in which consumers can identify and freely engage and a fertile ground to the development of health sensitivity and product-related behaviour.Originality/valueThe study advances knowledge on the role of social media and online communities in promoting health and fitness product behaviours and attitudes.
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds
Authors: Marques Ana T. , Santos Carlos D. , Hanssen Frank , Muñoz Antonio‐Román , Onrubia Alejandro , Wikelski Martin , Moreira Francisco , Palmeirim Jorge Manuel , Silva João P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Wind energy production has expanded to meet climate change mitigation goals, but negative impacts of wind turbines have been reported on wildlife. Soaring birds are among the most affected groups with alarming fatality rates by collision with wind turbines and an escalating occupation of their migratory corridors. These birds have been described as changing their flight trajectories to avoid wind turbines, but this behaviour may lead to functional habitat loss, as suitable soaring areas in the proximity of wind turbines will likely be underused.

We modelled the displacement effect of wind turbines on black kites (Milvus migrans) tracked by GPS. We also evaluated the impact of this effect at the scale of the landscape by estimating how much suitable soaring area was lost to wind turbines.

We used state‐of‐the‐art tracking devices to monitor the movements of 130 black kites in an area populated by wind turbines, at the migratory bottleneck of the Strait of Gibraltar. Landscape use by birds was mapped from GPS data using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models, and generalized additive mixed modelling was used to estimate the effect of wind turbine proximity on bird use while accounting for orographic and thermal uplift availability.

We found that areas up to approximately 674 m away from the turbines were less used than expected given their uplift potential. Within that distance threshold, bird use decreased with the proximity to wind turbines. We estimated that the footprint of wind turbines affected 3%–14% of the areas suitable for soaring in our study area.

We present evidence that the impacts of wind energy industry on soaring birds are greater than previously acknowledged. In addition to the commonly reported fatalities, the avoidance of turbines by soaring birds causes habitat losses in their movement corridors. Authorities should recognize this further impact of wind energy production and establish new regulations that protect soaring habitat. We also showed that soaring habitat for birds can be modelled at a fine scale using publicly available data. Such an approach can be used to plan low‐impact placement of turbines in new wind energy developments.
Ecological implications of gene regulation by TfoX and TfoY among diverse Vibrio species
Authors: Metzger Lisa C. , Matthey Noémie , Stoudmann Candice , Collas Esther J. , Blokesch Melanie 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBacteria of the genus Vibrio are common members of aquatic environments where they compete with other prokaryotes and defend themselves against grazing predators. A macromolecular protein complex called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used for both purposes. Previous research showed that the sole T6SS of the human pathogen V. cholerae is induced by extracellular (chitin) or intracellular (low c‐di‐GMP levels) cues and that these cues lead to distinctive signalling pathways for which the proteins TfoX and TfoY serve as master regulators. In this study, we tested whether the TfoX‐ and TfoY‐mediated regulation of T6SS, concomitantly with natural competence or motility, was conserved in non‐cholera Vibrio species, and if so, how these regulators affected the production of individual T6SSs in double‐armed vibrios. We show that, alongside representative competence genes, TfoX regulates at least one T6SS in all tested Vibrio species. TfoY, on the other hand, fostered motility in all vibrios but had a more versatile T6SS response in that it did not foster T6SS‐mediated killing in all tested vibrios. Collectively, our data provide evidence that the TfoX‐ and TfoY‐mediated signalling pathways are mostly conserved in diverse Vibrio species and important for signal‐specific T6SS induction.
An Australian geography of unhealthy housing
Authors: Baker Emma , Lester Laurence , Beer Andrew , Bentley Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHousing problems, such as affordability, poor quality of condition, or damp, are key determinants of health and wellbeing. Importantly, though, a growing body of research has shown that unhealthy housing is the combined result of multiple housing problems acting together. Although the spatial distribution of discrete housing problems is well established, little is known of Australia's geography of unhealthy housing. We have previously defined and validated an Australian Index of Housing Insults, which captures the multiple ways in which housing adversely influences individual health—including, but not limited to, people's tenure security, affordability, quality, and neighbourhood characteristics. Using the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) dataset, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Australian households, this paper describes Australia's geography of unhealthy housing. The analysis examines the prevalence, characteristics, and distribution of the population who are vulnerable to unhealthy housing. Our findings reveal both a worsening landscape of households at risk because of their accommodation and a changing pattern of unhealthy housing in Australia over time. The paper considers how these findings may impact future policy settings and the potential to improve the health of Australia's population through targeted housing interventions.
Health geography in New Zealand and Australia: global integration or Antipodean exceptionalism?
Authors: Moon Graham , Kearns Robin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the hallmarks of an emergent and distinctive Australian and New Zealand health geography over the last 30 years. Building on an assessment of the early development of the sub‐discipline in the two countries, a review of published work reveals the co‐presence of local themes alongside connections to more global perspectives associated notably with health behaviour. Further common themes are the influence of year‐round exposure to outdoor spaces and the proximity of “blue spaces” to urban centres. However, there are divergences in the evolution of the sub‐discipline. A comparison of attendance at the biennial International Medical Geography Symposia (held since 1985) with publications in the journal Health & Place reveals differentially globalised characters. A steady flow of international visitors and appointments to New Zealand universities as well as more apparent connections to the wider discipline of geography contrast with more applied geospatial and public health connections in Australian health geography.
Protocols for RecET‐based markerless gene knockout and integration to express heterologous biosynthetic gene clusters in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Choi Kyeong Rok , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPseudomonas putida has emerged as a promising host for the production of chemicals and materials thanks to its metabolic versatility and cellular robustness. In particular, P. putida KT2440 has been officially classified as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain, which makes it suitable for the production of compounds that humans directly consume, including secondary metabolites of high importance. Although various tools and strategies have been developed to facilitate metabolic engineering of P. putida, modification of large genes/clusters essential for heterologous expression of natural products with large biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has not been straightforward. Recently, we reported a RecET‐based markerless recombineering system for engineering P. putida and demonstrated deletion of multiple regions as large as 101.7 kb throughout the chromosome by single rounds of recombineering. In addition, development of a donor plasmid system allowed successful markerless integration of heterologous BGCs to P. putida chromosome using the recombineering system with examples of – but not limited to – integrating multiple heterologous BGCs as large as 7.4 kb to the chromosome of P. putida KT2440. In response to the increasing interest in our markerless recombineering system, here we provide detailed protocols for markerless gene knockout and integration for the genome engineering of P. putida and related species of high industrial importance.
Malignant pleural effusion as a predictor of the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shibaki Ryota , Murakami Shuji , Shinno Yuki , Matsumoto Yuji , Goto Yasushi , Kanda Shintaro , Horinouchi Hidehito , Fujiwara Yutaka , Motoi Noriko , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the presence of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as a negative predictor of anti‐PD‐1 antibody efficacy.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with advanced or recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer treated with an anti‐PD‐1 antibody between December 2015 and March 2018 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, was conducted. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with and without MPE. Additional survival analysis according to PD‐L1 expression status was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 252 patients were identified before the commencement of anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment: 33 with MPE and 219 without MPE. PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with MPE than in patients without MPE (median PFS 3.0 vs. 5.8 months, hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, P = 0.014; median OS 7.9 vs. 15.8 months, HR 2.1, P = 0.001). In patients with PD‐L1 expression in ≥ 1% of their tumor cells, the PFS of patients with MPE was significantly shorter than of patients without MPE (median PFS 3.1 vs. 6.5 months, HR 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0–3.5; P = 0.021). The presence of MPE was independently associated with a shorter PFS and OS in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe presence of MPE in patients administered an anti‐PD‐1 antibody is associated with shorter PFS and OS, regardless of the presence of PD‐L1 expression ≥ 1% of tumor cells.
IQ and Audit Quality: Do Smarter Auditors Deliver Better Audits?
Authors: Kallunki Jenni , Kallunki Juha‐Pekka , Niemi Lasse , Nilsson Henrik , Aobdia Daniel 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of an individual auditor's cognitive ability in delivering high‐quality audits. Our results from analyzing archival data from Sweden show that audit partners' IQ scores obtained from psychological tests are positively associated with going‐concern audit reporting accuracy and audit fee premiums. We also find some, albeit weak, evidence that audit partners' IQ scores are negatively associated with the income‐increasing abnormal accruals of the client. These results suggest that, although audit services are standardized through various control mechanisms and audits are conducted by teams rather than by individual auditors, the cognitive ability of audit partners responsible for an audit remains important in delivering high‐quality audit services.
Economic policy uncertainty and stock price crash risk
Authors: Jin Xuejun , Chen Ziqing , Yang Xiaolan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of economic policy uncertainty on stock price crash risk using data from China. We develop a new index to measure Chinese economic policy uncertainty and find that economic policy uncertainty has a remarkable positive effect on stock price crash risk. However, the effect reverses later. The results also indicate that the positive effect of economic policy uncertainty on stock price crash risk is more prominent for state‐owned enterprises. Moreover, this effect is more prominent for firms with higher information asymmetry and firms with greater disagreement among investors, indicating that economic policy uncertainty affects crash risk through two mechanisms: managers’ concealment of bad news and investors’ heterogeneous beliefs.
Is it possible to teach Geriatric Medicine in a stimulating way? Measuring the effect of active learning activities in Brazilian medical students
Authors: Lucchetti Alessandra L.G. , Duarte Bruna S.V.F. , de Assis Thaís V. , Laurindo Bruna O. , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the experience of a Brazilian medical school in implementing different active methods to teach Geriatric Medicine, reporting the students’ opinions and satisfaction with the classes and comparing pre‐ and postcourse measurements of knowledge, attitudes and skills.MethodsA total of 166 third‐year medical students received different active theoretical‐practical activities for teaching Geriatric Medicine and their knowledge, attitudes, clinical skills and satisfaction were investigated.ResultsAll activities had good acceptance among students ranging from 8.54 in the activity “Walking aids” to 9.81 in the activity “Nursing Home visit” (ranging 0‐10). After the course, students had better attitudes towards older persons (r = 0.55‐0.81, P < 0.001), better knowledge (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), greater empathy (r = 0.51, P < 0.001) and better clinical skills (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Finally, the course was evaluated positively by the students.ConclusionNew active Geriatric Medicine learning activities resulted in improvement in medical students knowledge, attitudes and skills.
Right versus left sided metastatic colorectal cancer: Teasing out clinicopathologic drivers of disparity in survival
Authors: Mendis Shehara , Beck Sophie , Lee Belinda , Lee Margaret , Wong Rachel , Kosmider Suzanne , Shapiro Jeremy , Yip Desmond , Steel Simone , Nott Louise , Jennens Ross , Lipton Lara , Burge Matthew , Field Kathryn , Ananda Sumitra , Wong Hui‐Li , Gibbs Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with a right‐sided primary (RC) have an inferior survival to mCRC arising from a left‐sided primary (LC). Previous analyses have suggested multiple factors contribute.MethodsThe Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TRACC) Registry prospectively captured data on consecutive mCRC patients. RC were defined as tumors proximal to the splenic flexure; LC were those at and distal to the splenic flexure and included rectal cancers. Patient, tumor, treatment, and survival data were analyzed stratified by side.ResultsOf 2306 patients enrolled from July 2009–March 2018, 747 (32%) had an RC. Patients with RC were older, more likely to be female and have a Charlson score ≥3. RC were more frequently BRAF mutated, deficient in mismatch repair, associated with peritoneal metastases, and less likely to receive chemotherapy. Progression‐free survival on first‐line systemic therapy was inferior for RC patients (8.1 vs. 10.8 months, hazard ratio [HR] for progression in RC 1.38, P < 0.001). Median overall survival for all RC patients was inferior (19.6 vs. 27.5 months, HR for death in RC 1.44, P < 0.001), and inferior within the treated (21 vs. 29.5 months, HR 1.52, P < 0.001) and untreated subgroups (5.9 vs. 10.3 months, HR 1.38, P = 0.009). Primary side remained a significant factor for overall survival in multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur data from a real‐world population confirms the poorer prognosis associated with RC. Primary tumor location remains significantly associated with overall survival even when adjusting for multiple factors, indicating the existence of further side‐based differences that are as yet undefined.
DNA methylation and allergic sensitizations: A genome‐scale longitudinal study during adolescence
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Kaushal Akhilesh , Merid Simon Kebede , Melén Erik , Pershagen Göran , Rezwan Faisal I. , Han Luhang , Ewart Susan , Arshad S. Hasan , Karmaus Wilfried , Holloway John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of allergic sensitization has a major influence on the development and course of common childhood conditions such as asthma and rhinitis. The etiology of allergic sensitization is poorly understood, and its underlying biological mechanisms are not well established. Several studies showed that DNA methylation (DNAm) at some CpGs is associated with allergic sensitization. However, no studies have focused on the critical adolescence period.MethodsWe assessed the association of pre‐ and postadolescence genome‐wide DNAm with allergic sensitization against indoor, outdoor and food allergens, using linear mixed models. We hypothesized that DNAm is associated with sensitization in general, and with poly‐sensitization status, and these associations are age‐ and gender‐specific. We tested these hypotheses in the IoW cohort (n = 376) and examined the findings in the BAMSE cohort (n = 267).ResultsVia linear mixed models, we identified 35 CpGs in IoW associated with allergic sensitization (at false discovery rate of 0.05), of which 33 were available in BAMSE and replicated with respect to the direction of associations with allergic sensitization. At the 35 CpGs except for cg19210306 on C13orf27, a reduction in methylation among atopic subjects was observed, most notably for cg21220721 and cg11699125 (ACOT7). DNAm at cg10159529 was strongly correlated with expression of IL5RA in peripheral blood (P‐value = 6.76 × 10−20). Three CpGs (cg14121142, cg23842695, and cg26496795) were identified in IoW with age‐specific association between DNAm and allergic sensitization.ConclusionIn adolescence, the status of allergic sensitization was associated with DNAm differentiation and at some CpGs the association is likely to be age‐specific.
Lipid Transfer Protein allergy in the United Kingdom: Characterization and comparison with a matched Italian cohort
Authors: Skypala Isabel J. , Cecchi Lorenzo , Shamji Mohamed H. , Scala Enrico , Till Stephen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pollen‐related food allergy occurs in all European populations, lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergy is considered to manifest mainly in Mediterranean countries. We aimed to characterize adults presenting with LTP allergy in a northern European country.MethodThe clinical history and sensitization patterns of subjects born and residing in the United Kingdom (UK), with a prior diagnosis of LTP allergy and sensitization to the peach LTP allergen Pru p 3, were compared to UK subjects with pollen food syndrome (PFS). The sensitization patterns were also evaluated against a matched cohort of Italian subjects diagnosed with LTP allergy.ResultsNone of the 15 UK PFS subjects had a positive SPT to LTP‐enriched peach reagent, compared to 91% of the 35 UK LTP subjects. The UK LTP cohort were also more likely to have positive skin prick tests to cabbage, lettuce and mustard and sensitization to the LTP allergens in peach, walnut, mugwort and plane tree These sensitization patterns to individual allergens were not significantly different to those obtained from the Italian LTP subjects, with significant correlations between Pru p 3 and the LTP allergens in peanuts, walnuts, plane tree and mugwort in both groups.ConclusionNative UK subjects with LTP allergy are not dissimilar to those with LTP allergy in southern Europe. Testing to LTP‐enriched peach SPT reagent and/or LTP allergens in peach, walnut, mugwort and plane tree may enhance diagnostic accuracy.