bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Differences in Patients with Solitary and Multiple Spinal Metastases
Authors: Lun Deng‐xing , Xu Li‐na , Wang Feng , Yang Xiong‐gang , Yu Xiu‐chun , Zhang Guo‐chuan , Hu Yong‐cheng 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between the number of metastases to the spine and survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), as well as the prognosis difference between patients with solitary spinal metastasis (SSM) and multiple spinal metastases (MSM).MethodsThree institutional databases were searched to identify all patients who had undergone spinal surgery for metastatic spinal tumors between March 2002 and June 2010. As well as age and gender, preoperative medical conditions were collected from medical records, including primary tumor, preoperative Frankel score, other bone metastases, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS), number of involved vertebrae, pathological fracture metastasis site, serum albumin, sphincter dysfunction and the time of developing motor deficits before surgery. Survival data were obtained from medical records or via telephone follow‐ups. Univariate and multivariate predictors of overall survival for each group were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe median postoperative survival time was 6.0 ± 0.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8–7.2) in patients with SSM and 7.0 ± 1.0 months (95% CI 5.1–8.9) in patients with MSM (P = 0.238). The difference in survival was not significant between groups. Furthermore, univariate analysis showed that the number of spinal metastases had no significant association with survival (P = 0.075). Primary tumor (P = 0.004) and preoperative KPS (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors in the whole cohort; primary tumor (P = 0.020), time of developing motor deficit (P = 0.041) and preoperative KPS (P = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors in patients with SSM; while preoperative KPS (P = 0.001) and serum album level (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors in patients with MSM.ConclusionThe number of spinal metastases has not proven to be useful in predicting the prognosis for patients with MSCC. Consequently, more aggressive operations should be considered for patients with multiple spinal metastases.
Remission after complete excision of an intramedullary hemangioma with an identifiable tumor plane in a dog
Authors: Yanke Amy B. , Miller Margaret A. , Fulkerson Caroline V. , Bohn Kendra , Bentley R. Timothy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of an identifiable tumor plane (ITP) during myelotomy to excise an intramedullary hemangioma in a dog and report the outcome.Study designCase report.AnimalsOne 5.5‐year‐old 42.9‐kg spayed female Leonberger dog.MethodsClinical signs included progressive proprioceptive deficits of both pelvic limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with a dorsal intramedullary mass at L3‐L4. A laminectomy of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae provided access for dorsal myelotomy. A clear surgical ITP was identified between the intramedullary mass and the spinal cord facilitating complete surgical resection.ResultsHistopathological examination was consistent with a hemangioma. Postoperative MRI was consistent with complete excision of the mass. No evidence of recurrence was found by MRI at 3 months and at 22 months after surgery. Mild proprioceptive deficits persisted in the right pelvic limb.ConclusionA clear ITP was present, and gross‐total resection (GTR) was achieved without significant morbidity. Persistent clinical remission resulted from surgery as the sole therapy.Clinical significanceFor an intramedullary tumor, GTR is the absence of visible tumor on intraoperative inspection combined with the absence of intramedullary contrast enhancement on postoperative MRI. When an ITP is present, GTR and resultant long‐term remission may be more likely.
Recycling of depleted continental mantle by subduction and plumes at the Hikurangi Plateau large igneous province, southwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Mochizuki K. , Sutherland R. , Henrys S. , Bassett D. , Van Avendonk H. , Arai R. , Kodaira S. , Fujie G. , Yamamoto Y. , Bangs N. , Barker D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Seismic reflection and refraction data from Hikurangi Plateau (southwestern Pacific Ocean) require a crustal thickness of 10 ± 1 km, seismic velocity of 7.25 ± 0.35 km/s at the base of the crust, and mantle velocity of 8.30 ± 0.25 km/s just beneath the Moho. Published models of gravity data that assume normal crust and mantle density predict 5–10-km-thicker crust than we observe, suggesting that the mantle beneath Hikurangi Plateau has anomalously low density, which is inconsistent with previous suggestions of eclogite to explain observations of high seismic velocity. The combination of high seismic velocity and low density requires the mantle to be highly depleted and not serpentinized. We propose that Hikurangi Plateau formed by decompression melting of buoyant mantle that was removed from a craton root by subduction, held beneath 660 km by viscous coupling to slabs, and then rose as a plume from the lower mantle. Ancient Re-Os ages from mantle xenoliths in nearby South Island, New Zealand, support this hypothesis. Erosion of buoyant depleted mantle from craton roots by subduction and then recycling in plumes to make new lithosphere may be an important global geochemical process.
Effects of pulsed low-frequency magnetic field therapy on pain intensity in patients with musculoskeletal chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Abdulla Fuad A , Alsaadi Saad , Sadat-Ali MIR , Alkhamis Fahd , Alkawaja Hani , Lo Serigne 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of pulsed low-frequency magnetic field (PLFMF) on the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP).Methods and analysisA randomised double-blinded controlled clinical trial will be conducted, involving 200 patients with CLBP. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either active PLFMF (experimental arm) or sham treatment (control arm) using a permuted-block design which will be stratified according to three subtypes of musculoskeletal CLBP (nociceptive, peripheral neuropathic or central sanitisation). The intervention consists of three sessions/week for 6 weeks. The primary outcome is the percentage change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain at week 24 after treatment completion with respect to the baseline. Secondary outcomes include percentage NRS pain during treatment and early after treatment completion, short form 36 quality of life, Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, Patient Specific Functional Scale, Global perceived effect of condition change, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Measures will be taken at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks during the intervention and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after completing the intervention. Adverse events between arms will be evaluated. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationThe study is funded by Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU). It has been approved by the institutional review board of IAU (IRB‐ 2017‐03–129). The study will be conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University and will be monitored by the Hospital monitoring office for research and research ethics. The trial is scheduled to begin in September 2018. Results obtained will be presented in international conferences and will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000921280, prospectively.
Sexual harassment and assault among university students in Norway: a cross-sectional prevalence study
Authors: Sivertsen Børge , Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Madsen Ida E H , Knapstad Marit , Lønning Kari Jussie , Hysing Mari 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to provide estimates of both overall and specific forms of sexual harassment among male and female college and university students.Design and settingData stem from a recent national student health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study (Students’ Health and Wellbeing Study)).Participants50 054 full-time students (69.1% women) aged 18–35 years participated, yielding a response rate of 31%.Main outcome measureSexual harassment was defined according to Norwegian legal regulations, and was assessed by self-report on seven items covering verbal, non-verbal and physical sexual harassment. We also collected data on the timeframe and frequency of the sexual harassment, in addition to the formal position of the perpetrator of the harassment.ResultsLifetime sexual harassment was reported by 24.2% (women 31.3%, men 8.0%), while 16.7% (women 21.6%, men 5.7%) reported having been sexually harassed within the past year. The most common forms of lifetime (ever having experienced) sexual harassments were ‘sexual expressions, suggestions or comments about your body’ and ‘unwanted touching, hugging or kissing’ (both 15.4%), while rape and rape attempt were reported by 3.4% and 2.1%, respectively. Exposure to all forms of past-year sexual harassments was significantly more common among women and the youngest age cohorts. Fellow students committed the past-year sexual harassment in 18%–29% of the instances, while a university staff member was reported to have committed the harassment in 0.6%–4.6% of cases.ConclusionGiven the potential consequences suffered by those exposed to sexual harassment and assault, both the institutions and student welfare organisations should intensify their efforts to put the theme on the agenda and provide both legal and health services to victims of sexual harassment. The low response rate means that care should be taken in interpreting and generalising the findings to the whole student population.
Improving best practice for patients receiving hospital discharge letters: a realist review
Authors: Weetman Katharine , Wong Geoff , Scott Emma , MacKenzie Eilidh , Schnurr Stephanie , Dale Jeremy 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo understand how different outcomes are achieved from adult patients receiving hospital discharge letters from inpatient and outpatient settings.DesignRealist review conducted in six main steps: (1) development of initial theory, (2) searching, (3) screening and selection, (4) data extraction and analysis, (5) data synthesis and (6) programme theory (PT) refinement.Eligibility criteriaDocuments reporting evidence that met criteria for relevance to the PT. Documents relating solely to mental health or children aged <18 years were excluded.AnalysisData were extracted and analysed using a realist logic of analysis. Texts were coded for concepts relating to context, mechanism, outcome configurations (CMOCs) for the intervention of patients receiving discharge letters. All outcomes were considered. Based on evidence and our judgement, CMOCs were labelled ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ in order to clearly distinguish between contexts where the intervention does and does not work.Results3113 documents were screened and 103 were included. Stakeholders contributed to refining the PT in step 6. The final PT included 48 CMOCs for how outcomes are affected by patients receiving discharge letters. ‘Patient choice’ emerged as a key influencer to the success (or not) of the intervention. Important contexts were identified for both ‘positive’ CMOCs (eg, no new information in letter) and ‘negative’ CMOCs (eg, letter sent without verifying patient contact details). Two key findings were that patient understanding is possibly greater than clinicians perceive, and that patients tend to express strong preference for receiving letters. Clinician concerns emerged as a barrier to wider sharing of discharge letters with patients, which may need to be addressed through organisational policies and direction.ConclusionsThis review forms a starting point for explaining outcomes associated with whether or not patients receive discharge letters. It suggests several ways in which current processes might be modified to support improved practice and patient experience.
Factors associated with disease-specific quality of life in Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Ming-Chi , Huang Kuang-Yung , Tung Chien-Hsueh , Hsu Bao-Bao , Wu Cheng-Han , Koo Malcolm , Lai Ning-Sheng 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with disease-specific quality of life in Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan.ParticipantsAdult patients with ankylosing spondylitis recruited from the outpatient rheumatology clinics of the study hospital.Primary outcome measureDisease-specific quality of life assessed by the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi-QoL).ResultsOf the 265 patients, 57% were 20–49 years of age, with a male preponderance (75.5%). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that a higher disease activity, assessed by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, was significantly and independently associated with a lower quality of life in all four domains (physical function, disease activity, emotional well-being and social participation) of the EASi-QoL. In addition, various independent factors, including educational level, nature of occupation, disease duration, dietary habit and body mass index, were significantly associated with different domains of the EASi-QoL.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that, in addition to disease activity and perceived health status, a number of other factors could significantly impact the different aspects of quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which warrant special consideration and support from healthcare providers.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered highly nonlinear chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Li Jingling , Zhao Feng , Hui Zhanqiang 
Published: June 2019

An [Formula: see text]-based chalcogenide highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with concentric rings consisting of air-holes is proposed to achieve extraordinary flat and small chromatic dispersion in mid-infrared region. This is obtained by design and optimization of the PCF cross-sectional structure. The dispersion variation between ±[Formula: see text]5 ps/(nm[Formula: see text]km) is obtained over 800 nm bandwidth. Both the effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient of the proposed PCF within the whole wavelength range from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] are investigated. Furthermore, the output supercontinuum (SC) optical spectra for different pump wavelengths located at the normal and abnormal dispersion region are investigated, respectively. The results show that the broadest SC with −20 dB spectral width of 1034 nm covering from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] is obtained for the pump wavelength of [Formula: see text] with 100 fs secant hyperbolic pulse of the peak power of 10 kW. Our PCF design offers a low-cost SC source, which can find potential application in mid-infrared photonics.
Lyubeznik tables of linked ideals
Authors: Nadi Parvaneh , Rahmati Farhad , Eghbali Majid 
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we examine the Lyubeznik tables of two linked ideals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of a complete regular local ring [Formula: see text] containing a field. More precisely, we prove that the Lyubeznik tables of two evenly linked ideals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the same when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] both satisfy one of the following properties: (1) canonically Cohen–Macaulay, (2) generalized Cohen–Macaulay and (3) Buchsbaum. Furthermore, we give some conditions for equality of Lyubeznik tables of two linked ideals of dimension 2.
Three Public Health Interventions Could Save 94 Million Lives in 25 Years
Authors: Kontis Vasilis , Cobb Laura K. , Mathers Colin D. , Frieden Thomas R. , Ezzati Majid , Danaei Goodarz 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Preventable noncommunicable diseases, mostly cardiovascular diseases, are responsible for 38 million deaths annually. A few well-documented interventions have the potential to prevent many of these deaths, but a large proportion of the population in need does not have access to these interventions. We quantified the global mortality impact of 3 high-impact and feasible interventions: scaling up treatment of high blood pressure to 70%, reducing sodium intake by 30%, and eliminating the intake of artificial trans fatty acids.

Methods:
We used global data on mean blood pressure levels and sodium and trans fat intake by country, age, and sex from a pooled analysis of population health surveys, and regional estimates of current coverage of antihypertensive medications, and cause-specific mortality rates in each country, as well, with projections from 2015 to 2040. We used the most recent meta-analyses of epidemiological studies to derive relative risk reductions for each intervention. We estimated the proportional effect of each intervention on reducing mortality from related causes by using a generalized version of the population-attributable fraction. The effect of antihypertensive medications and lowering sodium intake were modeled through their impact on blood pressure and as immediate increase/reduction to the proposed targets.

Results:
The combined effect of the 3 interventions delayed 94.3 million (95% uncertainty interval, 85.7–102.7) deaths during 25 years. Increasing coverage of antihypertensive medications to 70% alone would delay 39.4 million deaths (35.9–43.0), whereas reducing sodium intake by 30% would delay another 40.0 million deaths (35.1–44.6) and eliminating trans fat would delay an additional 14.8 million (14.7–15.0). The estimated impact of trans fat elimination was largest in South Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa had the largest proportion of premature delayed deaths out of all delayed deaths.

Conclusions:
Three effective interventions can save almost 100 million lives globally within 25 years. National and international efforts to scale up these interventions should be a focus of cardiovascular disease prevention programs.
On the Rapid Weakening of Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Hellen (2014)
Authors: Colomb Adrien , Kriat Tarik , Leroux Marie-Dominique 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In late March 2014, very intense Tropical Cyclone Hellen threatened the Comoros Archipelago and the Madagascan northwest coastline as it became one of the strongest tropical cyclones (TCs) ever observed over the Mozambique Channel. Its steep intensity changes were not well anticipated by operational forecasting models or by La Reunion regional specialized meteorological center forecasters. In particular, the record-setting rapid weakening over the open ocean was not supported by usual large-scale predictors. AROME, a new nonhydrostatic finescale model, is able to closely reproduce these wide intensity changes. When benchmarked against available observations, the model is also consistent in terms of inner-core structure, environmental features, track, and intensity. In the simulation, a northwesterly 400-hPa environmental wind is associated with unsaturated air, while the classic 200–850-hPa wind shear remains weak, and does not suggest a specifically unfavorable environment. The 400-hPa constraint affects the simulated storm through two pathways. Air with low equivalent potential temperature (θe) is flushed downward into the inflow layer in the upshear semicircle, triggering the decay of the storm. Then, direct erosion of the upper half of the warm core efficiently increases the surface pressure and also plays an instrumental role in the rapid weakening. When the storm gets closer to the Madagascan coastline, low-θe air can be directly advected within the inflow layer. Results illustrate on a real TC case the recently proposed paradigm for TC intensity modification under vertical wind shear and highlight the need for innovative tools to assess the impact of wind shear at all vertical levels.
Time to end the drought in the bush
Authors: Coleman Mathew , Playford Denese 
Published: June 2019

Objective: This paper outlines the current psychiatry workforce shortages experienced by rural and remote communities in Australia and argues that postgraduate training in psychiatry may play a role in rectifying these healthcare access inequities. Conclusion: Funding for postgraduate medical specialist training in Australia is undergoing a shift away from solely metropolitan-centric training schemes, based on substantial evidence over the past two decades in undergraduate medical training. Psychiatry is well placed to lead the development of dedicated postgraduate rural training pathways to enhance recruitment and retention of an urgently required rural and remote psychiatry workforce.
Cost Comparison of Synthetic Hydrogel Implant and First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Rothermel Shane D. , King Jesse L. , Tupinio Maegan , Walley Kempland C. , Juliano Paul J. , Aynardi Michael C. 
Published: June 2019

Background. First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis is the “gold standard” treatment for hallux rigidus. Recently, there has been increased interest in new synthetic cartilage implants to preserve joint motion while eradicating pain. With current health care economics, the cost of a treatment is gaining particular importance. This study set out to perform a cost comparison between MTP arthrodesis and synthetic hydrogel implant to determine which treatment modality is more cost-effective based on direct aggregate costs. Study design. Economic and decision analysis. Methods. Studies in the available literature were analyzed to estimate hardware removal rates for MTP fusion and failure rates for a synthetic hydrogel implant and MTP fusion. Costs were determined by examining direct costs at a single institution for implants and data reported in the literature for operating room time. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were performed to examine cost and measurement uncertainty. Results. Assuming a 4.76% MTP arthrodesis revision rate and 7.06% hardware removal rate, the total direct cost of MTP joint arthrodesis was $3632. Using a 9.2% failure rate with subsequent conversion to MTP arthrodesis, the total cost of synthetic hydrogel implant was $4565. Sensitivity analysis revealed that MTP fusion was more cost-effective even if the failure rate increased to 15% and synthetic hydrogel implant failure rate was 0%. The synthetic cartilage implant cost would have to be reduced 28% or approximately 200% the cost of MTP fusion implants to be comparable to MTP arthrodesis. Conclusion. Hallux rigidus treatment with a synthetic hydrogel implant resulted in a higher direct aggregate cost than MTP arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Level II: Cost analysis