bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory burden of brass neck coils placed on Kayan Karen long-neck women of Thailand
Authors: Lapo Pattawan , Inmutto Nakarin , Tanaka Hirofumi , Suksom Daroonwan 
Published: July 2019

There is only scarce information regarding the physiological and health impact of lifelong wearing of the neck brass coils in Karen Kayan women. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of wearing brass neck coils on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular functions in long-neck Karen women. A total of 28 Karen women (aged 23–66 years) were studied. Fourteen Karen women who had been wearing neck brass coils were compared with 14 Karen women with no neck coils. We also studied 14 age-matched city-living controls. Radiographic examination of 2 older Karen women wearing neck coils showed low levels of the clavicles. There were no group differences in resting heart rate and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was greater and functional capacity was lower in both Karen women than city-living controls (all p < 0.05). Karen women wearing neck coils demonstrated lower flow-mediated dilation, lung functions, including forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume during the first second, and cerebral blood flow velocity than Karen women without neck coils (all p < 0.05). Karen women wearing neck coils demonstrate reduced endothelial and pulmonary functions as well as cerebral perfusion compared with age-matched Karen women without neck coils living in the same villages. Brass neck coils worn by Karen women may elevate risks of developing cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular diseases. Novelty Cerebral blood flow velocity and macrovascular and microvascular functions were lower in Karen wearing neck coils. There appears to be substantial burden of brass neck coils exerted on physiological systems in Karen women.
Baicalein Cardioprotection via Oxidant Scavenging and Akt-Nitric Oxide Signaling: Identification of Early Reperfusion Phase as the Critical Therapeutic Window
Authors: Chang Wei-Tien , Li Chang-Qing , Hsu Chin-Wan , Lee Chunpei , Huang Hsien-Hao , Yuan Chun-Su , Chen Wen-Jone , Vanden Hoek Terry L. , Shao Zuo-Hui , Li Jing 
Published: July 2019

Baicalein is a natural flavonoid with anti-oxidant activities protecting against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies suggest that oxidative burst early after reperfusion accelerates cell death. We therefore investigated the critical therapeutic window of baicalein by examining the timing of baicalein treatment in relation to its oxidant modulating and cytoprotective effects. Using an established chick cardiomyocyte model of I/R, we administered baicalein at various time points after reperfusion and assessed cell viability and the profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and Akt phosphorylation. Baicalein administered at the onset of reperfusion resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of cell death (25 [Formula: see text]M [Formula: see text]%, 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M [Formula: see text]%, 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M [Formula: see text]%, vs. I/R control [Formula: see text]%, all [Formula: see text]). Baicalein (100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) timely and effectively scavenged ROS burst and enhanced NO production in the early reperfusion phase. Cotreatment with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME (200[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) partially abrogated the cytoprotective effect. Baicalein (100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) given after reperfusion lost protective effect in a time-dependent manner with cytoprotection completely lost if [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min. Even with only 15-min delay after reperfusion, the ROS scavenging effect was abolished and the NO enhancing effect markedly reduced. The phosphorylation of Akt, an upstream regulator of eNOS, also diminished as the delay lengthened. In conclusion, baicalein treatment after reperfusion confers cardioprotection in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The critical therapeutic window lies in the early reperfusion phase, during which ROS scavenging and Akt-eNOS mediated NO signaling are most effective.
Magnitude of Benefit of Combined Endovascular Thrombectomy and Intravenous Fibrinolysis in Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Young-Saver Dashiell F. , Gornbein Jeffrey , Starkman Sidney , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
Quantifying the benefit magnitude of combined endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) versus nonreperfusion care in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion would aid organization of regional stroke care systems.

Methods—
NINDS rt-PA Study (National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator) and SWIFT PRIME trial (Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment) patients were matched for prognosis (based on age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and definite/likely anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (based on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale total score and item pattern), using optimal inverse variance matching, to determine comparative outcomes with nonreperfusion care alone, IVT alone, and IVT+EVT.

Results—

Matching yielded 240 patients, including 80 each treated with nonreperfusion care, IVT alone, and IVT+EVT, with, respectively, mean age 67.1, 67.1, and 66.9 and presenting deficit severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) mean 15.8, 15.9, and 15.9. Outcomes at 3 months for IVT+EVT versus nonreperfusion care included freedom from disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–1) 48.1% versus 21.3%,
P
=0.0004; functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) 62.9% versus 32.6,
P
=0.0001; and reduced disability over all 7 modified Rankin Scale levels, common odds ratio 3.34,
P
<0.0001. Outcomes for IVT alone versus nonreperfusion care included: freedom from disability 30.0% versus 21.3%,
P
=0.28 and reduced disability over all 7 modified Rankin Scale levels, common odds ratio 1.14,
P
=0.65. Compared with nonreperfusion care, the number needed to treat with EVT+IVT for 1 more patient to have reduced disability was 1.8.

Conclusions—
Matched patient analysis across randomized trials provides evidence that the strategy of combined IVT and mechanical thrombectomy is a highly beneficial treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion patients. A reasonable effect magnitude estimate is that, among every 100 patients treated, combined IVT+EVT reperfusion therapy, compared with no reperfusion therapy, reduces long-term disability in 57, including conferring functional independence upon 30.
Women Journalists’ Careers in Spain: the Case of War Correspondents
Authors: García-Mingo Elisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gender inequalities persist in the journalism profession in Spain, even though some have celebrated that it has become a feminized job. In fact, the journalistic profession in Spain has a severe gender divide: many women leave the profession; there are few women in the highest echelons of news organizations; there is an under-studied wage gap; and newsrooms continue to be gender-blind. This article explores these issues through the case of war reporting. War reporting has traditionally been considered a “man’s job,” but there are around forty women working for the Spanish media covering violence and armed conflicts. Based on in-depth interviews with women war correspondents and using the concept of typical career types, this article analyses the barriers that female reporters have to face and reflects on how gendered these barriers are.
A Syro-Turkic Poem on Divine Economy Ascribed to Khāmīs
Authors: Pritula Anton , Zieme Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The text being discussed is found in many manuscripts of the Divan (collection of poems) of an East Syriac poet Khāmīs bar Qardāḥē (late 13th century). The edition demonstrates the discrepancies in rendering glosses in the Turkish stanzas, in contrast to a relative unity of readings in the Syriac ones. To explain these discrepancies, the following pages discuss the lack of consistency in the Turkic Garshuni tradition. In addition, the poem is one of the earliest texts of this group. It should be dated to the period close to the life of Khāmīs, but was not necessarily composed by this poet, since it is absent from the earliest surviving copies. All the Syriac stanzas use quatrains in a 7-7-8-8 meter. Each of them has its own internal rhyme that follows a constant scheme, i.e. in every first, second and and fourth lines of each verse (ааха). In the Turkic stanzas, the verses have an irregular meter that varies from eight to ten syllables. In the Turkic translation of the Syriac original, one finds many syriacisms, such as bar Maryam (the Son of Mary), a stable combination used in the texts. Such a broad use of borrowings, both in vocabulary and syntax, is common for translated religious texts, especially liturgical ones, in which the proximity to the original might have a great importance.
Dual Script Mixed Code Literary Sources from the Cairo Genizah
Authors: Polliack Meira 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article complements my article on “Single-Script Mixed-Code Literary Sources from the Cairo Genizah” (2018). It begins with introductory comments on the phenomenon of mixed code in Judeo-Arabic, as a continuously spoken and written Jewish language from medieval to modern times. While the documentary sources in the Cairo Genizah (a Jewish medieval archive found in the loft of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo) have drawn scholars’ attention to this phenomenon, there are few discussions of code switching in dual script Judeo-Arabic literary sources. The article presents and discusses two Genizah sources of this kind (as well as one new documentary source), which feature both Hebrew and Arabic scripts in the space of the same fragment. It argues that the haphazard appearance of code switching in such fragments is misleading. The analysis shows there are specific conditions that govern the mixing of Hebrew and Arabic scripts, and highlights its sociolinguistic background. Code switching is a dominant feature of single script Judeo-Arabic literary sources as well, meaning, those penned solely in Hebrew or Arabic script, which lie beyond the scope of the present study. A systematic survey and study of the Genizah literary sources relevant to both categories (single and dual scripts) is therefore a desideratum, and is bound to lead to a better understanding of the sociolinguistic functions of mixed code in Judeo-Arabic writings and culture.
Reassessing the Effect of Cloud Type on Earth’s Energy Balance in the Age of Active Spaceborne Observations. Part II: Atmospheric Heating
Authors: Hang Yun , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Henderson David S. , Matus Alexander V. , Wang Zhien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of clouds in modulating vertically integrated atmospheric heating is investigated using CloudSat’s multisensor radiative flux dataset. On the global mean, clouds are found to induce a net atmospheric heating of 0.07 ± 0.08 K day−1 that derives largely from 0.06 ± 0.07 K day−1 of enhanced shortwave absorption and a small, 0.01 ± 0.04 K day−1 reduction of longwave cooling. However, this small global average longwave effect results from the near cancellation of much larger regional warming by multilayered cloud systems in the tropics and cooling from stratocumulus clouds in subtropical oceans. Clouds are observed to warm the tropical atmosphere by 0.23 K day−1 and cool the polar atmosphere by −0.13 K day−1 enhancing required zonal heat redistribution by the meridional overturning circulation. Zonal asymmetries in the occurrence of multilayered clouds that are more frequent in the Northern Hemisphere and stratocumulus that occur more frequently over the southern oceans also leads to 3 times as much cloud heating in the Northern Hemisphere (0.1 K day−1) than the Southern Hemisphere (0.04 K day−1). These findings suggest that clouds very likely make the strongest contribution to the annual mean atmospheric energy imbalance between the hemispheres (2.0 ± 3.5 PW).
Emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress in dental students
Authors: Jiménez-Ortiz JL , Islas-Valle RM , Jiménez-Ortiz JD , Pérez-Lizárraga E , Hernández-García ME , González-Salazar F 
Published: July 2019

Objective As in other health sciences, a career in dentistry is associated with numerous stressors in practitioners. The main objective of this research was to examine the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress among dental students in Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 dental students attending a private university in Northern Mexico. Three scales were administered to students to identify emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress, and parametric data analysis was performed. Results Among participants (mean age 19.7 years), the proportion with emotional exhaustion, perceived high stress, and burnout was 52.0%, 42.3%, and 17.8%, respectively. All students with perceived stress also had burnout. Conclusions We found that emotional exhaustion and perceived stress are experienced by a large proportion of dentistry students enrolled in the third semester at this private university in Northern Mexico. The proportions were independent of age and sex.
Suture Button Versus Hook Plate for Acute Unstable Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Cong , Meng Jia-Hong , Zhang Yi-Wen , Shi Ming-Min 
Published: July 2019

Background:Surgical treatment is indicated for unstable acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. The hook plate (HP) technique is a commonly used treatment method, but the use of the suture button (SB) technique is increasing.Purpose:To conduct a meta-analysis of clinical studies evaluating patient outcomes between the SB and HP techniques for acute unstable AC joint dislocation.Study Design:Meta-analysis.Methods:A literature search of the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Cohort studies and case-control studies comparing the SB and HP procedures for acute unstable AC joint dislocation were included. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan (v 5.3.5).Results:Eight clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified and included a total of 204 patients treated with the SB technique and 195 patients with the HP technique. Patients treated with the SB technique had a higher Constant score (mean difference [MD], 3.95; 95% CI, 1.20-6.70; P = .005) and a lower visual analog scale pain score (MD, –0.75; 95% CI, –1.12 to 0.37; P < .0001) when compared with the HP technique. No significant differences in operation time (MD, –0.38; 95% CI, –7.14 to 6.37; P = .91), coracoclavicular distance (MD, –0.07; 95% CI, –0.49 to 0.35; P = .75), complications (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.22-1.54; P = .28), and loss of reduction (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.66-9.83; P = .17) were found between the SB and HP techniques. The subgroup analysis showed that the arthroscopic SB technique resulted in a higher Constant score (MD, 6.75; 95% CI, 4.21-9.29; P < .00001) as compared with the HP technique, but no differences were observed between the open SB and HP techniques (MD, 0.69; 95% CI, –0.82 to 2.20; P = .37).Conclusion:This meta-analysis demonstrated that the SB technique resulted in better functional outcomes and a reduced visual analog scale pain score when compared with the HP technique. However, for operation time, coracoclavicular distance, complications, and loss of reduction, there were no statistically significant differences between the techniques. Compared with the open procedure, arthroscopic SB may be superior for better functional outcomes.
Surgical Patients’ Perception About Behaviors of Humanized Nursing Care
Authors: Garza-Hernández Rosalinda , Melendez-Méndez Concepción , Castillo-Martínez Guillermo , González-Salinas Fernanda , Fang-Huerta María de los Ángeles , Hidalgo Hortensia Castañeda 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: One of the greatest challenges that health professionals face is providing humanized care, especially when technological advancements contribute to the depersonalization of care delivery. In this sense, nursing care not only requires the nurse to be scientific, academic, and clinical but also a humanitarian and moral agent, as a partner in human transactions. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, and transversal study. In a nonprobabilistic sampling for convenience, in 150 surgical patients, with more than 3 days of hospital stay, the instrument “Perception of Behaviors of Humanized Nursing Care” was used (third version). The study adhered to the legal and ethical research guidelines in Mexico. Results: According to the general objective of the study, the findings determined were that 67% of the participants perceived humanized nursing care as favorable Conclusion: More than half of the patients always perceived behaviors of humanized care, provided by nurses, during their hospitalization in surgical services.
Antibiotic Use and Computed Tomography Imaging for Rhinosinusitis as Quality Metrics in Modern Health Care
Authors: Xiao Christopher C. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Liang Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

Background American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery rhinosinusitis guidelines have been adapted into quality measures intended to be a basis for adjusting physician reimbursement and as public information to help patients select physicians. Early and continual evaluation of these measures is therefore important, given the impacts these may have. Objective To examine the metrics used in by Medicare for reimbursement in the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) used in Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). Methods This study is a retrospective review of the 2015–2016 Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician Compare Initiative regarding quality metrics for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis for providers participating in MIPS. Results Data for 726 providers were extracted from the PQRS database. Otolaryngologists had a low enrollment with less than 50 responding for any 1 measure. Of the reported quality metrics, otolaryngologists prescribed a significantly greater number of antibiotics than other providers within 7 days of diagnosis or within 10 days after symptom onset (48.3% vs 11.3%, P < .001). There was a significant difference in the mean compliance between otolaryngologists and all other providers for the use of CT scans within 28 days of diagnosis (2.3% vs 0.2%, P < .001). There was no significant difference in the mean compliance for the use of multiple CT scans within 90 days of diagnosis (2.0% vs 2.3%, P = .8). Inverse metrics comprise 3 out of 4 measures. Conclusion This review of the quality metrics used in MIPS shows several differences between otolaryngologists and nonspecialists, but raise concerns regarding applicability.
Comparison of three antimicrobial strategies in diabetic foot infections post-amputation
Authors: Shah Samarth P. , Negrete Ana , Self Timothy , Bergeron Jaclyn , Twilla Jennifer D. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The 2012 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend antimicrobial treatment of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) post-amputation, but the optimal route and duration are poorly defined. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the selection of a specific antimicrobial treatment modality affected hospital and patient outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective review of hospital admissions of adults admitted to ourhealthcare system with a primary diagnosis of DFIs post-amputation. The groups were separated into patients who received intravenous antimicrobials (IV), oral antimicrobials (PO), or no antimicrobials (NA). Outcomes included average length of stay among others. Results: Of the 200 patients screened, 120 patients were included (IV n = 72; PO n = 20; NA n = 28). No statistically significant differences were identified in average LOS (IV = 9.97 ± 5.85, PO = 8.83 ± 7.37, NA = 9.33 ± 5.91 days; p = 0.73). However, post-operative (post-op) LOS was significantly shorter in the PO group (PO = 3.43 ± 2.56, IV = 7.34 ± 5.95, NA = 5.81 ± 4.18 days; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that a PO antimicrobial treatment strategy post amputation for DFIs has the potential to decrease post-op LOS without increasing the risk of readmission. Based on the results of our study, we feel consideration should be given to transition to oral antimicrobials soon after amputation to facilitate discharge and decrease the utilization of intravenous antimicrobials.
Focal-time analysis: A new method for stratigraphic depth control of microseismicity and induced seismic events
Authors: Poulin Andrew , Weir Ron , Eaton David , Igonin Nadine , Chen Yukuan , Lines Laurence , Lawton Donald 
Published: July 2019

Focal-time analysis is a straightforward data-driven method to obtain robust stratigraphic depth control for microseismicity or induced seismic events. The method eliminates the necessity to build an explicit, calibrated velocity model for hypocenter depth estimation, although it requires multicomponent 3D seismic data that are colocated with surface or near-surface microseismic observations. Event focal depths are initially expressed in terms of zero-offset focal time (two-way P-P reflection time) to facilitate registration and visualization with 3D seismic data. Application of the focal-time method requires (1) high-quality P- and S-wave time picks, which are extrapolated to zero offset and (2) registration of correlative P-P and P-S reflections to provide [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] time-depth control. We determine the utility of this method by applying it to a microseismic and induced-seismicity data set recorded with a shallow-borehole monitoring array in Alberta, Canada, combined with high-quality multicomponent surface seismic data. The calculated depth distribution of events is in good agreement with hypocenter locations obtained independently using a nonlinear global-search method. Our results reveal that individual event clusters have distinct depth distributions that can provide important clues about the mechanisms of fault activation.