bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum-Based Language Assessment With Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in the Context of Mathematics
Authors: Newkirk-Turner Brandi L. , Johnson Valerie E. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to discuss the use of curriculum-based language assessment (CBLA) with students who are English language learners and students who speak nonmainstream varieties of English, such as African American English.

Method
The article begins with a discussion of the discourse of mathematics and the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP), followed by a review of studies that includes those that examined the performance of English language learner and nonmainstream dialect-speaking students on word-based math items.

Results
The literature review highlights the linguistic and content biases associated with word-based math problems. Useful strategies that SLPs and educators can incorporate in culturally and linguistically appropriate assessments are discussed. The tutorial ends with a discussion of CBLA as a viable assessment approach to use with culturally and linguistically diverse students.

Conclusions
Tests used at national, state, and school levels to assess students' math abilities have associated linguistic bias and content bias often leading to an inaccurate depiction of culturally and linguistically diverse students' math skills. CBLA as an assessment method can be used by school-based SLPs to gather valid and useful information about culturally and linguistically diverse students' language for learning math. By using CBLA, SLPs can help modify curricular tasks in broader contexts in an effort to make math, including high-level math, “accessible and achievable for all” students (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2017).
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Diagnostic Decision Making
Authors: Fulcher-Rood Katrina , Castilla-Earls Anny P. , Higginbotham Jeff 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis study used a structured open interview approach to elicit information from school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding their assessment practices for children with suspected language impairment.MethodPhone interviews were conducted with 39 school-based SLPs who were employed across the United States. The interviews explored assessment topics related to assessment tool selection and rationale and the integration of assessment data to determine treatment eligibility.ResultsThe results of this study suggest that SLPs use both standardized testing and informal testing for their diagnostic procedures. Standardized testing appears to be the tool that drives diagnostic decisions regarding eligibility and severity. Informal measures, such as parent/teacher interviews and language sampling, were used by school-based SLPs to gather information regarding naturalistic language use; however, they seem less important in the diagnostic decision-making process. Also, SLPs reported completing language sample transcription and analysis in real time while interacting with a child.ConclusionsSchool-based SLPs appear to rely on the results from standardized testing when determining treatment eligibility for children with language impairment. The reliance on standardized testing appears to be driven by institutional policies. We discuss the potential impact of federal/state/district guidelines on diagnostic decisions and consider the research-to-practice gap.
Grammatical Abilities in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients and Children With Normal Hearing Matched by Vocabulary Size
Authors: Jung Jongmin , Ertmer David J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study sought to expand understanding of the impact of cochlear implantation on grammatical acquisition by comparing young children who have vocabularies of comparable size. Two research questions were investigated: (a) Do young cochlear implant (CI) recipients have grammatical skills comparable to those of children with normal hearing (NH) matched by spoken vocabulary size? (b) Do these groups show associations between vocabulary size and grammatical measures?

Method

The participants included 13 CI recipients at 24 months postactivation (chronological ages = 33–60 months;
M
= 44.62) and 13 children with NH between 27 and 30 months old (
M
= 20.69). The 2 groups were matched by their vocabulary size. Four grammatical outcomes were analyzed from the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson, Marchman, Thal, Dale, & Reznick, 2007) and 20-min language samples: (a) grammatical complexity, (b) mean length of utterances, (c) tense marker total, and (d) productivity scores.

Results
The 2 groups showed comparable grammatical skills across the 4 measures. Consistently significant associations between vocabulary size and grammatical outcomes were found in the CI group, with fewer associations in the NH group.

Conclusions
The 2 groups showed similar grammatical abilities. The young CI recipients appeared to be following a typical pattern of linguistic development.
Using Language-Specific and Bilingual Measures to Explore Lexical–Grammatical Links in Young Latino Dual-Language Learners
Authors: Simon-Cereijido Gabriela , Méndez Lucía I. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study examined the nature of the relation between language-specific vocabulary and conceptual lexical–semantic skills with grammatical abilities within and across languages in preschool Latino dual language learners (DLLs).

Method
Sixty-one typically developing, Spanish–English speaking DLLs from preschools serving low-income families participated in the study. Lexical, semantic, and grammar skills were assessed toward the end of the fall in both Spanish and English using normative and researcher-developed assessment instruments. Hierarchical linear regressions using baseline cross-sectional data were completed to determine the association of language-specific vocabulary and bilingual lexical and semantic abilities to grammatical skills measured by sentence repetition tasks in Spanish and English both within and across languages.

Results
Results from the study revealed that a considerable percentage of the variance in the grammatical ability of these Latino DLL preschoolers in both Spanish and English was explained by lexical variables in the same language (54% in English and 16% in Spanish). In the strong language (Spanish), bilingual semantic skills also played a role, explaining an additional 8% of the variance. Conceptual vocabulary was a significant predictor of English grammar in the model that excluded the language-specific vocabulary measures.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that grammatical skills in the Latino preschoolers examined in the study are strongly related to language-specific measures of vocabulary. In contrast, no evidence supporting the relation between vocabulary and grammar skills across languages was observed. Findings from this study provide insight into the impact of bilingual lexical–semantic knowledge on the grammatical skills of dual-language preschool children developing language abilities in their 2 languages. Clinical implications are also discussed.
High‐speed FP GaN HEMT with fT/fMAX of 95/200 GHz
Authors: Moon J.S. , Grabar R. , Antcliffe M. , Fung H. , Tang Y. , Tai H. 
Published: April 2018

Highly scaled 90 nm gate‐length field‐plated (FP) aluminium gallium nitride (GaN)/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a record current gain cut‐off frequency (fT) of 95 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency (fMAX) of 200 GHz is reported. Both lateral scaling of source‐to‐drain distance to 1 μm and vertical scaling of gate‐to‐channel depth to 90 nm, along with n+‐GaN ohmic contact, were utilised to minimise the parasitics, and the gate‐length scaling of FP GaN HEMTs down to 90 nm gate length was demonstrated with a record speed performance for the first time. The small‐signal model predicts that the fT is still dominated by the gate‐to‐source capacitance, implying that the speed performance of FP GaN HEMTs can further improve.
Fully‐integrated WLAN CMOS PA with reconfigurable transformer
Authors: Ahn H. , Baek S. , Nam I. , Lee O. 
Published: April 2018

A modified series combining transformer incorporating an autotransformer for the dual‐mode operation to improve efficiency performance in the low‐output power region is presented. The dual‐mode CMOS power amplifier (PA) with the proposed reconfigurable transformer is fabricated using 40‐nm CMOS technology. Compared with other dual‐mode WLAN CMOS PAs, the proposed PA achieves high‐efficiency performance in both high‐power and low‐power modes; in dual‐mode operation, the PA has average output power levels of 19.2 and 15.2 dBm with power added efficiencies of 17.3 and 14.4%, respectively, while satisfying the error vector magnitude requirements of WLAN 802.11g signals.
Dual‐mode Ramsey microwave cavity for a dual Rb/Cs atomic clock
Authors: Guo Guangkun , Liu Jie , Hou Dong , Liu Ke , Wang Houjun , Huang Xianhe , Ma Jie , Sun Fuyu 
Published: April 2018

As one of the crucial elements of microwave (MW) atomic clocks, Ramsey MW cavities are crucial for assisting MW–atom interactions. A dual‐mode Ramsey cavity for a dual Rb/Cs atomic clock with simultaneous resonances at 6.83 and 9.19 GHz is presented here. The reported cavity, with its high mechanical strength and stability, can excite clock transitions in Rb and Cs atoms in the same zones, thereby providing a compact physical package for a dual Rb/Cs clock. Since both atoms are in the same MW–atom interaction environment, this measurement platform allows for high‐accuracy comparisons.
Pressureless densification and properties of TiB2–B4 C composite ceramics with Ni as additives
Authors: Ma Li , Yu Jincheng , Guo Xue , Zhang Yujun , Gong Hongyu 
Published: April 2018

Titanium diboride–boron carbide (TiB2–B4 C) composite ceramics were prepared using different amounts of Ni as sintering aids by pressureless sintering at 2100°C for 60 min under an argon atmosphere. This study focused on the effects of different amounts of Ni as additives on densification and mechanical and thermal properties of TiB2–B4 C composite ceramics. Results showed that the relative density, hardness, flexural strength and thermal conductivity of obtained composite ceramics with 1.3 wt% Ni addition were 98%, 20.4 GPa, 330 MPa and 30 W/m K, respectively. However, fracture toughness was 6 MPa m1/2 when the content of Ni was fixed at 2.2 wt%.
Spatial range of conformity
Authors: Kerscher Martin 
Published: April 2018

Context.Properties of galaxies, such as their absolute magnitude and stellar mass content, are correlated. These correlations are tighter for close pairs of galaxies, which is called galactic conformity. In hierarchical structure formation scenarios, galaxies form within dark matter haloes. To explain the amplitude and spatial range of galactic conformity two-halo terms or assembly bias become important.Aims.With the scale dependent correlation coefficients, the amplitude and spatial range of conformity are determined from galaxy and halo samples.Methods.The scale dependent correlation coefficients are introduced as a new descriptive statistic to quantify the correlations between properties of galaxies or haloes, depending on the distances to other galaxies or haloes. These scale dependent correlation coefficients can be applied to the galaxy distribution directly. Neither a splitting of the sample into subsamples, nor an a priori clustering is needed.Results.This new descriptive statistic is applied to galaxy catalogues derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III and to halo catalogues from the MultiDark simulations. In the galaxy sample the correlations between absolute magnitude, velocity dispersion, ellipticity, and stellar mass content are investigated. The correlations of mass, spin, and ellipticity are explored in the halo samples. Both for galaxies and haloes a scale dependent conformity is confirmed. Moreover the scale dependent correlation coefficients reveal a signal of conformity out to 40 Mpc and beyond. The halo and galaxy samples show a differing amplitude and range of conformity.
Gamma-ray observations of Nova Sgr 2015 No. 2 with INTEGRAL
Authors: Siegert Thomas , Coc Alain , Delgado Laura , Diehl Roland , Greiner Jochen , Hernanz Margarita , Jean Pierre , José Jordi , Molaro Paolo , Pleintinger Moritz M. M. , Savchenko Volodymyr , Starrfield Sumner , Tatischeff Vincent , Weinberger Christoph 
Published: April 2018

Context. INTEGRAL observed Nova Sgr 2015 No. 2 (V5668 Sgr) around the time of its optical emission maximum on 21 March 2015. Studies at UV wavelengths showed spectral lines of freshly produced 7Be. This could also be measurable in gamma rays at 478 keV from the decay to 7Li. Novae are also expected to synthesise 22Na which decays to 22Ne, emitting a 1275 keV photon. About one week before the optical maximum, a strong gamma-ray flash on timescales of hours is expected from short-lived radioactive nuclei such as 13N and 18F. These nuclei are β+-unstable, and should yield emission of up to 511 keV, but this emission has never been observed from any nova.
Aims. The SPectrometer on INTEGRAL (SPI) pointed towards V5668 Sgr by chance. We use these observations to search for possible gamma-ray emission of decaying 7Be, and to directly measure the synthesised mass during explosive burning. We also aim to constrain possible burst-like emission days to weeks before the optical maximum using the SPI anticoincidence shield (ACS), i.e. at times when SPI was not pointing to the source.
Methods. We extracted spectral and temporal information to determine the fluxes of gamma-ray lines at 478 keV, 511 keV, and 1275 keV. Using distance and radioactive decay, a measured flux converts into the 7Be amount produced in the nova. The SPI-ACS rates are analysed for burst-like emission using a nova model light curve. For the obtained nova flash candidate events, we discuss possible origins using directional, spectral, and temporal information.
Results. No significant excess for the 478 keV, the 511 keV, or the 1275 keV lines is found. Our upper limits (3σ) on the synthesised 7Be and 22Na mass depend on the uncertainties of the distance to V5668 Sgr: the 7Be mass is constrained to less than
4.8 × 10−9 (dkpc−1)2 M⊙, and the 22Na mass to less than 2.4 × 10−8 (dkpc−1)2 M⊙. For the 7Be mass estimate from UV studies, the distance to V5668 Sgr must be greater than 1.2 kpc (3σ). During the three weeks before the optical maximum, we find 23 burst-like events in the ACS rate, of which 6 could possibly be associated with V5668.
Erhalt der Fertilität bzw. Ovarialfunktion beim Mammakarzinom sowie bei gynäkologischen und internistischen Malignomen
Authors: Stachs Angrit , Hartmann Steffi , Gerber Bernd 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungNeoplasien des Kindes- und Jugendalters sowie junger Erwachsener gehen heute dank effektiver Systemtherapien mit einer hohen Heilungschance einher. Demzufolge rückt das Thema „Kinderwunsch“ insbesondere bei jungen Frauen mit Malignom zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Ein nicht unwesentliches Problem ist auch die vorzeitige Ovarialinsuffizienz mit ihren die Lebensqualität nachhaltig beeinträchtigenden Folgen. Jede(r) onkologische Patient(in) mit potenziellem Kinderwunsch sollte vor Therapiebeginn über die Möglichkeiten des Fertilitätserhalts informiert werden. Die Aufklärungsrate ist diesbezüglich nach wie vor gering. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird der Effekt verschiedener Chemotherapeutika auf die Gonadenfunktion dargestellt sowie ein Überblick über die aktuell gültigen Empfehlungen zum Fertilitätserhalt gegeben.Dabei werden Risikokollektive definiert und das spezifische Vorgehen bei Malignomen der verschiedenen Organsysteme beschrieben. Bei Mädchen/jungen Frauen ist die Kryokonservierung von Eizellen, befruchteten Embryonen und Ovargewebe möglich. Zum Nutzen der GnRH-Analoga-Applikation zum Ovarschutz vor Chemotherapie ist die Studienlage uneinheitlich. Bei postpubertären Jungen bzw. männlichen Krebspatienten ist die Kryokonservierung von Spermien vor Therapiebeginn Standard. Bei Jungen im vorpubertären Alter ist die Kryokonservierung von Hodengewebe möglich, jedoch ist die In-vitro-Spermienreifung noch im experimentellen Stadium. Des Weiteren werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit medikamentöse Möglichkeiten des Erhalts der Ovarfunktion bei onkologischen Patienten vor Chemotherapien, insbesondere bei (hormonabhängigem) Mammakarzinom, sowie die speziellen Fragestellungen der Planung von fertilitätserhaltender Operation und Radiatio bei gynäkologischen Malignomen, dargestellt.
Factors associated with delayed bleeding after resection of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps
Authors: Elliott Timothy , Tsiamoulos Zacharias , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Suzuki Noriko , Bourikas Leonidas , Hart Ailsa , Bassett Paul , Saunders Brian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background Delayed bleeding is the most common significant complication after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (p-EMR) of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (NPCPs). Risk factors for delayed bleeding are incompletely defined. We aimed to determine risk factors for delayed bleeding following p-EMR.
Methods Data were analyzed from a prospective tertiary center audit of patients with NPCPs ≥ 20 mm who underwent p-EMR between 2010 and 2012. Patient, polyp, and procedure-related data were collected. Four post p-EMR defect factors were evaluated for interobserver agreement and included in analysis. Delayed bleeding severity was reported in accordance with guidelines. Predictors of bleeding were identified.
Results Delayed bleeding requiring hospitalization occurred after 22 of 330 procedures (6.7 %). A total of 11 patients required blood transfusion; of these, 4 underwent urgent colonoscopy, 1 underwent radiological embolization, and 1 required surgery. Interobserver agreement for identification of the four post p-EMR defect factors was moderate (kappa range 0.52 – 0.57). Factors associated with delayed bleeding were visible muscle fibers (P = 0.03) and the presence of a “cherry red spot” (P = 0.05) in the post p-EMR defect. Factors not associated with delayed bleeding were American Association of Anesthesiologists class, aspirin use, polyp size, site, and use of argon plasma coagulation.
Conclusions Visible muscle fibers and the presence of a “cherry red spot” in the resection defect were associated with delayed bleeding after p-EMR. These findings suggest evaluation and photodocumentation of the post p-EMR defect is important and, when considered alongside other patient and procedural factors, may help to reduce the incidence and severity of delayed bleeding.
Die 135°-Bauchlage aus der Perspektive der Kinästhetik
Authors: Muesse André , Brutscher Petra , Eppler Sonja 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Von der Rücken- in die Bauchlage Entgegen der zurzeit geltenden Empfehlungen, Neugeborene und Säuglinge wegen der Gefahr des plötzlichen Kindstodes – SIDS
– nur auf dem Rücken liegend zu lagern, ist es im klinischen Bereich oft unabdingbar, Frühgeborene und kranke Neugeborene auch auf den Bauch zu legen. Warum das
so ist, dazu soll dieser Artikel einen kleinen Einblick aus Sicht der Kinästhetik geben. Hierbei stehen die pulmonale Situation sowie die Selbstwahrnehmung der
Patienten im Fokus. Darüber hinaus soll exemplarisch aufgezeigt werden, wie der sehr komplexe Transfer aus der Rückenlage in die 135°-Bauchlage sicher
durchgeführt werden kann und worauf dabei methodisch zu achten ist.
Shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging with the clinically approved near-infrared dye indocyanine green
Authors: Carr Jessica A. , Franke Daniel , Caram Justin R. , Perkinson Collin F. , Saif Mari , Askoxylakis Vasileios , Datta Meenal , Fukumura Dai , Jain Rakesh K. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Bruns Oliver T. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Imaging in the shortwave IR (SWIR) spectral window allows the observation of processes deep within living animals. Recent studies have shown that SWIR imaging enables unprecedented imaging opportunities, including contact-free monitoring of vital signs, generation of microvasculature blood flow maps, real-time metabolic imaging, and molecularly targeted imaging. Yet, whereas bright SWIR fluorophores have been developed for preclinical research settings, applications in the clinic have been held back by the conventional belief that no clinically approved fluorophore is available. Here, we show that indocyanine green, a clinically approved near-IR dye, exhibits a remarkable amount of SWIR emission, which enables state-of-the-art SWIR imaging with direct translation potential into clinical settings, and even outperforms other commercially available SWIR emitters.
Light-activated helical inversion in cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets
Authors: Sleczkowski Piotr , Zhou Ye , Iamsaard Supitchaya , de Pablo Juan J. , Katsonis Nathalie , Lacaze Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Controlled switching between right- and left-handedness in spherical cholesteric droplets could lead to easily manufacturable objects for diverse applications in optoelectronics, especially in the area of circularly polarized light-responsive materials and devices. In this work, we show that photoinduced inversion of the cholesteric helix is supported in spherical droplets of a nematic liquid crystal doped with a chiral light-driven molecular motor. We show how the handedness inversion occurs in the sequence of phase transitions induced by light irradiation, combining experiments on several hundreds of droplets and simulations. We demonstrate the strong influence of the confinement on the droplet structure and on the dynamics under light irradiation, which allows for this handedness inversion.
Aquaculture pond fertilization.
Authors: Boyd C. E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Organic fertilizers (livestock manures and other agricultural wastes or by-products) and chemical fertilizers can be applied to aquaculture ponds to increase fish or shrimp production. Pond fertilization increases concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other plant nutrients to stimulate phytoplankton photosynthesis that is the base of the food web culminating in shrimp and fish production. Fertilization usually results in two to fivefold increase in aquaculture production. Organic fertilizers tend to increase production above that possible with chemical fertilizers, but a combination of organic and chemical fertilization usually results in greater production than does either type of fertilization alone. Manufactured feeds allow much greater production than possible with fertilizers, and feeding has become more common than pond fertilization. However, fertilization remains an important practice for smallholder farmers in developing countries. It also is sometimes applied early in the grow-out period in feed-based aquaculture, and it is a common technique for increasing production of sportfish ponds.