bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Diversity in Feces of Wild Bald Eagles, Turkey Vultures and Common Ravens from the Pacific Northwest Coast, U.S.A
Authors: Crespo Rocio , Dowd Scot E , Varland Daniel E. , Ford Scott , Hamer Thomas E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBirds harbor diverse microorganisms in their guts, which collectively fulfill important roles in providing their hosts with nutrition and protection from pathogens. Although numerous studies have investigated the presence of certain pathogenic bacteria in the feces of wild birds, only a few have attempted to investigate the microbiota of the gut. This study analyzed the avian bacteria present in the cloaca of avian scavengers captured on coastal beaches of Washington and Oregon between 2013 and 2015: 10 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), 9 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and 2 common ravens (Corvus corax). We used illumina sequencing based on the V4 region of the 16s gene was to characterize the bacterial diversity. Our investigation revealed phylum-level differences in the microbiome of turkey vultures, compared with bald eagles and common ravens. Substantial microbiome differences were found between bald eagles and ravens below the phylum level. Although little is known about the possible relations among these microorganisms, our analyses provides the first integrated look at the composition of the avian microbiota and serves as a foundation for future studies in this area.
Multi-locus characterization and phylogenetic inference of Leishmania spp. in snakes from Northwest China
Authors: Chen Han , Li Jiao , Zhang Junrong , He Jinlei , Zhang Jianhui , Zheng Zhiwan , Chen Dali , Chen Jianping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania is a neglected disease which is endemic in the northwest of China. Reptiles were considered to be the potential reservoir hosts for mammalian Leishmaniasis, and Leishmania had been detected in lizards from the epidemic area in the northwest of China. To date, few studies are focused on the natural infection of snakes with Leishmania.MethodsIn this study, 15 snakes captured from 10 endemic foci in the northwest of China were detected Leishmania spp. on the base of mitochondrial cytochrome b, heat shock protein 70 gene and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions, and identified with phylogenetic and network analyses.ResultIn total, Leishmania gene was found in 7 snakes. The phylogenetic inference trees and network analysis suggests that the species identification was confirmed as Leishmania donovani, Leishmania turanica and Leishmania sp.ConclusionOur work is the first time to investigate the natural Leishmania spp. infection of snakes in the northwest of China. Mammalian Leishmania was discovered in snakes and the reptilian Leishmania was closely related to the clinical strains both prompt the importance of snakes in the disease cycle. To indicate the epidemiological involvement of snakes, a wide sample size in epidemic area and the pathogenic features of reptilian Leishmania promastigotes are recommended in the future research.
Performance improvement of helicopter rotors through blade redesigning
Authors: Stalewski Wienczyslaw , Zalewski Wieslaw 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine dependencies between a rotor-blade shape and a rotor performance as well as to search for optimal shapes of blades dedicated for helicopter main and tail rotors.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is conducted based on computational methodology, using the parametric-design approach. The developed parametric model takes into account several typical blade-shape parameters. The rotor aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. Flow effects caused by rotating blades are modelled based on both simplified approach and truly 3D simulations.

Findings
The computational studies have shown that the helicopter-rotor performance may be significantly improved even through relatively simple aerodynamic redesigning of its blades. The research results confirm high potential of the developed methodology of rotor-blade optimisation. Developed families of helicopter-rotor-blade airfoils are competitive compared to the best airfoils cited in literature. The finally designed rotors, compared to the baselines, for the same driving power, are characterised by 5 and 32% higher thrust, in case of main and tail rotor, respectively.

Practical implications
The developed and implemented methodology of parametric design and optimisation of helicopter-rotor blades may be used in future studies on performance improvement of rotorcraft rotors. Some of presented results concern the redesigning of main and tail rotors of existing helicopters. These results may be used directly in modernisation processes of these helicopters.

Originality/value
The presented study is original in relation to the developed methodology of optimisation of helicopter-rotor blades, families of modern helicopter airfoils and innovative solutions in rotor-blade-design area.
Experimental investigation of plasma vortex generator in flow control
Authors: Ghayour Alireza , Mani Mahmoud 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of two different configurations of plasma streamwise vortex generators (PSVG), including comb-type and mesh-type in controlling flow. This is demonstrated on the NACA 0012 airfoil.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigations have been done experimentally at the various electric and aerodynamic conditions. The surface oil flow visualization method has been used to the better understanding of the flow physics and the interaction of the oncoming flow passing over the airfoil and the vortex generated by comb-type PSVG.

Findings
This paper demonstrates the potential capabilities of the mesh-type and comb-type PSVGs in controlling flow in unsteady operation. It was found that the vortex generated by the mesh-type PSVG in unsteady operation was an order of magnitude stronger than comb-type PSVG. The flow visualisation technic proved that only a part of the plasma actuator is effective in the condition that the actuator is installed only on a portion of the upper surface of the airfoil.

Originality/value
This paper experimentally confirms the capabilities of the mesh-type PSVG unsteady operation in compare with comb-type PSVG in controlling flow, whereby recommends using mesh-type PSVG in the leading edge in front of comb-type PSVG on the entire wingspan to prevent the stall.
The relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth
Authors: Can Hamit , Korkmaz Özge 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria for the period 1990-2016, based on annual data, by using the Toda–Yamamoto analysis and Autogressive Distrubuted Lag (ARDL) bound test. This period is characterized by the democratization of the Balkans and several crisis cycles in Bulgaria. Renewable energy consumption (REC, percentage of total final energy consumption), renewable electricity output (REO, percentage of total electricity output) and economic growth (GDP constant 2010 US$) were used. The levels or differences of the variables that are stationary were investigated using the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Philips–Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests.

Findings
Three different results were obtained from this study. One showed that renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity output are the causes of economic growth. Another result of this study is that economic growth and renewable electricity output are the causes of renewable energy consumption. The last result is that economic growth and renewable energy consumption are not causes of renewable electricity output. There was no long-term relationship between variables.

Research limitations/implications
The ARDL and Toda–Yamamoto tests were used because of lack of data sets. Thus, it is estimated that there is no long-term relationship.

Originality/value
This study is an original work for Bulgaria, showing the results of the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. In line with the results of this study, renewable energy projects related to Bulgaria can be predicted.
Organizational communication and job satisfaction: what role do generational differences play?
Authors: Mehra Payal , Nickerson Catherine 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the generational category that managers in India belong to on their job satisfaction and on their satisfaction with organizational communication; the authors defined organizational communication as the communication that occurs in interactions between employees. The authors wanted to see whether there would be differences between the generations in the attitudes to and expectations of organizational communication, and whether this, in turn, would influence their job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 400 managers working in public and private listed companies in India were surveyed using a questionnaire over the period of a year, from August 2016 to July 2017. This resulted in 334 responses. The questionnaire measured the respondents’ choice and comfort with communication media, their satisfaction with the communication at their workplace and the type of interactions that took place. It also measured the respondents’ job satisfaction. The study was inter-disciplinary in nature, in that it drew on several theories of communication, e.g. accommodation theory and media richness theory, alongside the findings from empirical studies that have looked specifically at intergenerational differences.

Findings
The authors found that organizational communication was positively related to job satisfaction, and also that generational category moderated the relationship between these two factors. In addition, the results show that Gen Y managers in particular were the least satisfied generation at work, and that they frequently used avoidance while communicating with older adults. The conclusion is that job satisfaction may be enhanced, by focusing on the development of a positive communication environment; in addition, employees who belong to different generations may define what constitutes a positive communication environment in very different ways.

Originality/value
Despite receiving some attention in other contexts, such as in the family, the impact of intergenerational differences in the workplace has not been widely investigated. A few studies do exist on the influence of generational differences on work outcomes and on attitudes and behaviors, but much still remains to be done. In addition, while there have been many studies on job satisfaction, as well as on levels of attrition in workplace settings, very few have looked specifically at non-Western contexts such as India. The present study attempts to contribute to this debate, by providing a comparison of the workplace communication preferences and experiences within multi-generational organizations in India.
Difficult bosses: real strategies for surviving
Authors: Pretorius Marius 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The plight of dissatisfied employees has become a recurring theme. A question often asked by management trainees is “How do I handle my difficult boss?” Hence, this paper aims to address the difficult boss problem successfully from the perspective of the subordinate.

Design/methodology/approach
The conceptualized legacy framework had been presented to participants and who verified its accuracy by their experiences. They could apply the framework with relative ease. Workshops, interview and online questionnaires informed the development of the framework.

Findings
The framework proposes four legacy effects on subordinates that bosses leave after interaction, namely, tense, dark, false and calm legacies. The legacies assist subordinates in classifying their bosses as either a hammer, flat battery, fire-lighter or dynamo. Once the boss is categorized, strategies to assist subordinates in handling their difficult boss flow from the framework.

Research limitations/implications
While extremely useful for subordinates, bosses are limited in the use of the legacy model as it requires very high trust levels to exist. The nature of the difficult boss problem suggests that such trust does not exist.

Practical implications
Benefits of understanding the legacy framework has two benefits: subordinates can use the legacy tool to classify their bosses and find strategies for how to handle difficult bosses. For bosses, subordinate evaluation of their legacies presents an alternative avenue to seek feedback and improve “self-learning” through reflection.

Originality/value
The legacy matrix was shown to be applicable to all bosses at all levels in virtually all organizations. The value of the framework was also observed at the informal level.
Innovative propensity with a fuzzy multicriteria approach
Authors: Cobo Angel , Rocha Eliana Rocio , Villamizar Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Although R&D plays a crucial role in innovativeness and R&D expenditures is the most widely used tool to measure the level of innovativeness of companies, other variables and inputs may be equally interesting. The purpose of this paper is to define an innovative propensity index (IPI) which considers these variables and allows the identification of those companies which have a higher propensity to implement different types of innovativeness.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking into account, the different criteria that may be considered in an IPI and that the perception of the relative importance of each criterion is subjective, the use of an innovativeness multicriteria decision methodology has been considered appropriate. In particular, an IPI is built from the weighting of the criteria through FAHP methodology. Data mining techniques are subsequently used to establish a non-supervised ranking (clustering) of a sample of firms, considering their IPI values.

Findings
The application of an IPI to a sample of 1,639 companies operating in different industrial sectors has helped us to find out that this index is useful for identifying those companies which really show an increased innovative capacity. A comparative analysis by sectors has shown that although there are companies from all sectors with a high innovative propensity, the proportion increases in more technological sectors. Moreover, it has been observed that in companies with higher net personnel expenses and high productivity level the innovative propensity is also higher.

Originality/value
The criteria used to build the index affects innovativeness individually, but the value of the analysis lies in its multicriteria approach and use of fuzzy logic. The validation of the index in a wide sample of firms is another outstanding aspect of the analysis.
Effects of Y2O3-LaF3on the low temperature sintering and thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics
Authors: Jiang Hai , Lu YiYing , Ding Liwen , Lu Wenzhong , Fan Guifen , Shi Yusheng 
Published: January 2019

PurposeAluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics are suitable substrate and package materials for high-power integrated circuits.Design/methodology/approachDense AlN ceramics with Y2O3and LaF3as sintering additives are prepared. The effects of these additives on the density, phase composition, microstructure and thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics are investigated.FindingsResults show that 2 Wt.% Y2O3-doped additive is insufficient for the samples to achieve the full densification sintered at 1,700°C. When LaF3is added with Y2O3, the samples are perfectly densified at the same sintering condition. The relative density and thermal conductivity of the samples are 97.8-99.07 per cent and 169.104-200.010 W·m-1·K-1, respectively. The density of the samples and their microstructure, especially the content and distribution of secondary phases, is necessary to control the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics.Originality/valueY2O3and LaF3additives can effectively promote densification and enhance the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics in a low sintering temperature, and the AlN ceramics added with Y2O3-LaF3might have potential applications in package materials for high-power integrated circuits.
Corporate social responsibility, financial performance and risk in Indonesian natural resources industry
Authors: Devie Devie , Liman Lovina Pristya , Tarigan Josua , Jie Ferry 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
With an attempt to give a deeper explanation regarding the manifestation of socially and environmentally responsible cultures among Indonesian natural resources industry, this paper aims to highlight the empirical confirmation on the correlation of corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate financial performance (CFP) and risk. Likewise, corporate risk’s role as a mediating variable in the indirect effect of CSR on CFP is also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini’s (KLD) measurement approach is used as a basis to assess social responsibility activities as it gives more social rating transparency. CFP captures both accounting- and market-based measurements, whereas volatility of stock return is adopted as a proxy of firm risk. Partial least squares analysis is conducted on 40 Indonesian listed firms in natural resources sector, with observation years from 2008 to 2016.

Findings
It is revealed that CSR positively affects CFP, although the correlation is stronger in the long run. Significant negative influence to risk is also discovered. However, risk has a significant adverse correlation with CFP when two years’ lagged value is used. Hence, CSR affects CFP through risk in the long-term, both directly and indirectly.

Practical implications
The empirical result suggests that CSR serves as a tool in managing the risk of enterprises and performance, especially in the long-term. Accordingly, firms should incorporate CSR as a strategic investment and manage a strong relationship with stakeholders.

Originality/value
This report expands further prior works and contributes to CSR and financial management literature by discovering the true nature of CSR effects as an investment in the future. This is the first study which tests and proves that CSR in Indonesian natural resources industry plays a significant role as a strategic risk management instrument that leads to a sustainable and long-lasting financial performance.
Meet in the Middle: Terrorism and Centrist Party Vote Shares in Legislative Elections
Authors: Hunter Lance Y. , Robbins Joseph W. , Ginn Martha H. , Hutton Aaron 
Published: January 2019

AbstractScholars have found that terrorism can influence political behavior in democracies by affecting citizens’ emotions such as anxiety and fear. However, researchers have yet to examine how terrorism affects vote choice cross‐nationally. The few studies that have investigated terrorism's effect on vote choice have only examined single states through case study analysis. While informative, researchers lack an understanding regarding how terrorism influences vote choice cross‐nationally based on the nature of terrorist attacks and the ideology of political parties. Thus, using a unique dataset that incorporates political party ideology, this study examines the effect the number and severity of terrorist attacks have on vote choice in legislative elections in 56 democracies from multiple regions and levels of development from 1975 to 2014. Preliminary results indicate that terrorist attacks are critical events that significantly affect vote choice in the democratic states included in this analysis.
Retrospective study of the efficacy and toxicity of lobaplatin‐etoposide chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gu Liyan , Zhong Diansheng , Yu Tao , Tang Ping , Meng Fanlu , Qin Qiong 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundA retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy and toxicity of lobaplatin‐etoposide (EL) chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients treated in our department from May 2014 to March 2018 were obtained. Untreated patients with SCLC administered LBP intravenously (IV) at 30 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide IV at 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3 were enrolled. The treatment was cycled every 21 days.ResultsThe median overall and progression‐free survival rates of the 50 patients were 11.67 (range: 7.30–16.04) and 6.8 (range: 5.25–8.35) months, respectively, with an overall response rate of 66% and a disease control rate of 90%. The most frequent drug‐related adverse effects were leukopenia and neutropenia, and no grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity was observed.ConclusionThese results indicate that LBP‐containing chemotherapy is effective and tolerable for SCLC in terms of response and survival.
Chronic hepatitis B infection alters peripheral immune response in women with reproductive failure
Authors: Li Longfei , Wang Linlin , Huang Chunyu , Diao Lianghui , Zhang Yongnu , Zhang Xu , Xu Jian , Zeng Yong 
Published: January 2019

ProblemDoes hepatitis B infection affect peripheral blood immune response in women with reproductive failure?Method of studyTwo hundred and twenty‐seven women, including 10 HBsAg+HBeAg+, 27 HBsAg+HBeAg− hepatitis sero‐positive women, and 190 women without HBV infection, formed the study population. Their peripheral immune responses containing lymphocyte subsets, cytokine production, expression of cell surface markers and intracellular toxicity molecules, and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively compared.ResultsComparing with HBsAg+HBeAg− carriers and HBsAg− group, HBsAg+HBeAg+ group had lower rates of CD3+CD4+ helper T cells (31.7% vs 38.0% and 36.8%, P < 0.05, respectively), but higher frequency of CD19+ B cells (17.8% vs 14.0% and 13.2%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). NK cells in HBsAg+HBeAg+ patients showed lower cytotoxic activity than that in two other groups (P < 0.05). Comparing with HBsAg− patients, HBsAg+HBeAg+ group exhibited decreased expression of the activating receptor NKG2D (56.2% vs 66.1%, P < 0.05), as well as reduced expression of granzyme B (54.8% vs 70.5%, P < 0.05), perforin (49.9% vs 65.0%, P < 0.05), and granulysin (52.0% vs 67.9%, P < 0.01). Generally, a higher clinical pregnancy rate (85.7% vs 56.9%) and higher early miscarriage rate (33.3% vs 20.3%) were noticed in HBsAg+HBeAg+ group than HBsAg− group.ConclusionChronic HBV infection alters peripheral immune responses by upregulating B‐cell frequency, decreasing CD3+CD4+ helper T cells, and decreasing peripheral NK function and toxicity. These may influence pregnancy outcome on HBV‐infected patients, and the pathogenesis of HBV infection on pregnancy outcome deserves to be further studied.