bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head Impact Exposure in Practices Correlates With Exposure in Games for Youth Football Players
Authors: Bellamkonda Srinidhi , Woodward Samantha J. , Campolettano Eamon , Gellner Ryan , Kelley Mireille E. , Jones Derek A. , Genemaras Amaris , Beckwith Jonathan G. , Greenwald Richard M. , Maerlender Arthur C. , Rowson Steven , Duma Stefan M. , Urban Jillian E. , Stitzel Joel D. , Crisco Joseph J. 
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to compare head impact exposures between practices and games in football players ages 9 to 14 years, who account for approximately 70% of all football players in the United States. Over a period of 2 seasons, 136 players were enrolled from 3 youth programs, and 49,847 head impacts were recorded from 345 practices and 137 games. During the study, individual players sustained a median of 211 impacts per season, with a maximum of 1226 impacts. Players sustained 50th (95th) percentile peak linear acceleration of 18.3 (46.9) g, peak rotational acceleration of 1305.4 (3316.6) rad·s−2, and Head Impact Technology Severity Profile of 13.7 (24.3), respectively. Overall, players with a higher frequency of head impacts at practices recorded a higher frequency of head impacts at games (P < .001, r2 = .52), and players who sustained a greater average magnitude of head impacts during practice also recorded a greater average magnitude of head impacts during games (P < .001). The youth football head impact data quantified in this study provide valuable insight into the player exposure profile, which should serve as a key baseline in efforts to reduce injury.
Return to Sport Rates in Physically Active Individuals 6 Months After Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Glaws Kathryn R. , Ellis Thomas J. , Hewett Timothy E. , Di Stasi Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

Context: Six months is the expected time frame to return to sport (RTS) after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Objective: The primary aims of this study were to (1) report the RTS rate of physically active individuals 6 months after arthroscopic surgery for FAIS and (2) compare the self-reported hip function between those who were able to RTS against those who had not. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Patients: A total of 42 physically active individuals scheduled for hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported function, including preinjury and current activity levels and ability to participate in sport, were collected on 42 individuals with FAIS prior to surgery and at 6-month follow-up. Participants were allocated into 2 groups based on self-reported RTS status at 6-month follow-up. Separate 2-way analyses of variance were used to test the interaction of groups (those who did/did not RTS). Main effects were reported in the absence of statistically significant interactions (P ≤ .05). Results: Altogether, 28 of 42 participants (66%) returned for 6-month follow-up; 5 of the 14 participants (35.7%) lost to follow-up underwent contralateral hip surgery within the study time frame. At the 6-month follow-up, 16 of the remaining 28 participants (57.1%) reported that they had returned to sport, 5 of whom returned at their prior level of participation. There was no statistically significant interaction of group and time for either hip outcome score subscale (P ≥ .20). Self-reported hip function improved over time, regardless of group (P ≤ .001). Participants in the yRTS group demonstrated higher hip outcome score-sport scores than did the nRTS group, regardless of time (P = .04). Conclusions: Though just over half of participants returned to sport 6 months after hip arthroscopy for FAIS, only 18% returned to their previous level of sports participation. Participants who returned to sport reported better function than those who did not, but self-reported hip function improved over time regardless of group. The most commonly reported reasons for not returning to sport were weakness (69.6%), fear (65.2%), and pain (56.5%).
Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development
Authors: Dias Juliana , Marcondes Marcos Inácio , Motta de Souza Shirley , Cardoso da Mata e Silva Barbara , Fontes Noronha Melline , Tassinari Resende Rafael , Machado Fernanda Samarini , Cuquetto Mantovani Hilário , Dill-McFarland Kimberly A. , Suen Garret 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMicrobial communities play critical roles in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of preruminant calves by influencing performance and health. However, little is known about the establishment of microbial communities in the calf GIT or their dynamics during development. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to assess changes in the bacterial communities of the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in 26 crossbred calves at four developmental stages (7, 28, 49, and 63 days old). Alpha diversity differed among GIT regions with the lowest diversity and evenness in the jejunum, whereas no changes in alpha diversity were observed across developmental stage. Beta diversity analysis showed both region and age effects, with low numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between regions within a given age group or between ages in a given region. Taxonomic analysis revealed that several taxa coexisted in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon but that their abundances differed considerably by GIT region and age. As calves aged, we observed lower abundances of taxa such asBacteroides,Parabacteroides, andParaprevotellawith higher abundances ofBulleidiaandSucciniclasticumin the rumen. The jejunum also displayed taxonomic changes with increases inClostridiaceaeandTuricibactertaxa in older calves. In the lower gut, taxa such asLactobacillus,Blautia, andFaecalibacteriumdecreased and S24-7,Paraprevotella, andPrevotellaincreased as calves aged. These data support a model whereby early and successive colonization by bacteria occurs across the GIT of calves and provides insights into the temporal dynamics of the GIT microbiota of dairy calves during preweaning development.IMPORTANCEThe gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of ruminants, such as dairy cows, house complex microbial communities that contribute to their overall health and support their ability to produce milk. For example, the rumen microbiota converts feed into usable nutrients, while the jejunal microbiota provides access to protein. Thus, establishing a properly functioning GIT microbiota in dairy calves is critical to their productivity as adult cows. However, little is known about the establishment, maintenance, and dynamics of the calf GIT microbiota in early life. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial communities in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in dairy calves across preweaning development and show that they are highly variable early on in life before transitioning to a stable community. Understanding the dairy calf GIT microbiota has implications for ensuring proper health during early life and will aid in efforts to develop strategies for improving downstream production.
Local Food Systems Food Safety Concerns
Authors: Chapman Benjamin , Gunter Chris 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Foodborne disease causes an estimated 48 million illnesses and 3,000 deaths annually (Scallan E, et al.,
Emerg Infect Dis
17:7–15, 2011), with U.S. economic costs estimated at $152 billion to $1.4 trillion annually (Roberts T,
Am J Agric Econ
89:1183–1188, 2007; Scharff RL,
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/healthrelated-costs-from-foodborne-illness-in-the-united-states
, 2010). An increasing number of these illnesses are associated with fresh fruits and vegetables. An analysis of outbreaks from 1990 to 2003 found that 12% of outbreaks and 20% of outbreak-related illnesses were associated with produce (Klein S, Smith DeWaal CS, Center for Science in the Public Interest,
https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/ddreport.pdf
, June 2008; Lynch M, Tauxe R, Hedberg C,
Epidemiol Infect
137:307–315, 2009). These food safety problems have resulted in various stakeholders recommending the shift to a more preventative and risk-based food safety system. A modern risk-based food safety system takes a farm-to-fork preventative approach to food safety and relies on the proactive collection and analysis of data to better understand potential hazards and risk factors, to design and evaluate interventions, and to prioritize prevention efforts. Such a system focuses limited resources at the points in the food system with the likelihood of having greatest benefit to public health. As shared kitchens, food hubs, and local food systems such as community supported agriculture are becoming more prevalent throughout the United States, so are foodborne illness outbreaks at these locations. At these locations, many with limited resources, food safety methods of prevention are rarely the main focus. This lack of focus on food safety knowledge is why a growing number of foodborne illness outbreaks are occurring at these locations.
Influence of the Scandinavian climate pattern on the UK asthma mortality: a time series and geospatial study
Authors: Majeed Haris , Moore G W K 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveIt is well known that climate variability and trends have an impact on human morbidity and mortality, especially during the winter. However, there are only a handful of studies that have undertaken quantitative investigations into this impact. We evaluate the association between the UK winter asthma mortality data to a well-established feature of the climate system, the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern.MethodsTime series analysis of monthly asthma mortality through the period of January 2001 to December 2015 was conducted, where the data were acquired from the UK’s Office for National Statistics. The correlations between indices of important modes of climate variability impacting the UK such as the North Atlantic Oscillation as well as the SCA and the asthma mortality time series were computed. A grid point correlation analysis was also conducted with the asthma data with sea level pressure, surface wind and temperature data acquired from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.ResultsWe find that sea level pressure and temperature fluctuations associated with the SCA explain ~20% (>95% CL) of variance in the UK asthma mortality through a period of 2001–2015. Furthermore, the highest winter peak in asthma mortality occurred in the year 2015, during which there were strong northwesterly winds over the UK that were the result of a sea level pressure pattern similar to that associated with the SCA.ConclusionsOur study emphasises the importance of incorporating large-scale geospatial analyses into future research of understanding diseases and its environmental impact on human health.
Developmental readiness and leadership development in medicine
Authors: Saxena Anurag , Desanghere Loni , Suryavanshi Palak 
Published: April 2018

PurposeLeadership is a key competency for physicians. Based on the premise that not everyone benefits equally from leadership development programmes, the leader developmental readiness (LDR; ability and motivation to develop) construct has been proposed to account for the differences. The purpose of this project was to explore the relationship between LDR, leadership experience, leader behaviours and leader efficacy in medical learners.MethodSurvey data from 46 medical learners were collected in 2015–2016. Separate one-way analysis of variances, with between-group factors of leadership experience (<12 months, >12 months, 0 month), were carried out on LDR constructs ofabilityandmotivationusing five validated measures: motivation to lead, goal orientation, developmental efficacy, self-awareness and metacognitive ability. Spearman’s rank-order correlations were used to examine the relationship between LDR and experience with leader efficacy and leadership behaviours (transformational and transactional). Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Bonferroni corrections were applied for any multiple comparisons.ResultsSignificant main effects were observed for both ability and motivation to develop, showing lower scores on these variables for individuals with less leadership experience. Both experience and LDR constructs (motivation and ability) were shown to be significantly positively associated with transformational leadership behaviour (and not transactional leadership behaviour). The LDR constructs, but not leadership experience, were significantly positively associated with leader efficacy.ConclusionsThe positive correlation between LDR, experience, and transformational leadership behaviours and between LDR and leader efficacy is of value in leadership development. Understanding the developmental readiness of learners and how this affects leadership development is paramount to better inform personal leadership development and structure leadership development programmes for medical learners and physicians.
Argyll Field: the first oil field to be developed on the UK Continental Shelf
Authors: Gluyas Jon , Tang Longxun , Jones Stuart 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In June 1975, oil from the Argyll Field became the first to be produced from the UK North Sea. Seventeen years later, the Argyll Field was abandoned with all production facilities removed.
In 2001, two new companies, Acorn Oil & Gas and Tuscan Energy, had identified Argyll as a potential field redevelopment. The UK's Department of Industry was approached with a request to relicense the Argyll Field out of round in order to redevelop the field. No company previously had sought to obtain a licence for production rather than exploration.
In September 2003, a well was drilled on the renamed Ardmore Field. It flowed at 20 000 barrels of oil per day. However, after 2 months of sustained high rate, the well cut water. With a second well on stream, production peaked at 28 000 barrels of oil for 1 day before the facilities, designed for 50 000 barrels of fluid per day, tripped-out. All was not well; facilities and well issues limited production.
In mid-2005, the field was abandoned again: 5 MMbbl (million barrels) from an expected 25 MMbbl was produced. However, the story was not yet finished. By 2013 EnQuest had acquired the licence and drilled six wells. Production restart began in late 2015.
Acute effects of device-guided slow breathing on sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Fonkoue Ida T. , Marvar Paul J. , Norrholm Seth D. , Kankam Melanie L. , Li Yunxiao , DaCosta Dana , Rothbaum Barbara O. , Park Jeanie 
Published: April 2018

Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have elevated sympathetic nervous system reactivity and impaired sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Device-guided slow breathing (DGB) has been shown to lower blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic activity in other patient populations. We hypothesized that DGB acutely lowers BP, heart rate (HR), and improves BRS in PTSD. In 23 prehypertensive veterans with PTSD, we measured continuous BP, ECG, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest and during 15 min of DGB at 5 breaths/min ( n = 13) or identical sham device breathing at normal rates of 14 breaths/min (sham; n = 10). Sympathetic and cardiovagal BRS was quantified using pharmacological manipulation of BP via the modified Oxford technique at baseline and during the last 5 min of DGB or sham. There was a significant reduction in systolic BP (by −9 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), diastolic BP (by −3 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.019), mean arterial pressure (by −4 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.002), and MSNA burst frequency (by −7.8 ± 2.1 bursts/min, P = 0.004) with DGB but no significant change in HR ( P > 0.05). Within the sham group, there was no significant change in diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, HR, or MSNA burst frequency, but there was a small but significant decrease in systolic BP ( P = 0.034) and MSNA burst incidence ( P = 0.033). Sympathetic BRS increased significantly in the DGB group (−1.08 ± 0.25 to −2.29 ± 0.24 bursts·100 heart beats−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.014) but decreased in the sham group (−1.58 ± 0.34 to –0.82 ± 0.28 bursts·100 heart beats−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.025) (time × device, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the change in cardiovagal BRS between the groups (time × device, P = 0.496). DGB acutely lowers BP and MSNA and improves sympathetic but not cardiovagal BRS in prehypertensive veterans with PTSD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by augmented sympathetic reactivity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, and an increased risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This is the first study to examine the potential beneficial effects of device-guided slow breathing on hemodynamics, sympathetic activity, and arterial baroreflex sensitivity in prehypertensive veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
The Importance of Body Composition in Explaining the Overweight Paradox in Cancer—Counterpoint
Authors: Caan Bette J. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kroenke Candyce H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Despite a greater risk of cancer associated with higher BMI, overweight (BMI 25–&lt;30 kg/m2) and class I obese (BMI 30–&lt;35 kg/m2) patients often have a paradoxically lower risk of overall mortality after a cancer diagnosis, a phenomenon called the “obesity paradox.” Only when patients exceed a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 are elevations in mortality risk consistently noted. This paradox has been dismissed as the result of methodologic bias, which we will describe and debate here. However, even if such bias influences associations, there is growing evidence that body composition may in part explain the paradox. This phenomenon may more accurately be described as a BMI paradox. That is, BMI is a poor proxy for adiposity and does not distinguish muscle from adipose tissue, nor describe adipose tissue distribution. Low muscle mass is associated with higher risk of recurrence, overall and cancer-specific mortality, surgical complications, and treatment-related toxicities. Patients with who are overweight or obese have on average higher levels of muscle than their normal-weight counterparts. Also, there is some evidence that patients with moderate levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue may have lower mortality. More research utilizing body composition is needed to clarify the effects of adiposity on cancer mortality. Cancer Res; 78(8); 1906–12. ©2018 AACR.
Photodynamic Therapy Using Indocyanine Green Loaded on Super Carbonate Apatite as Minimally Invasive Cancer Treatment
Authors: Tamai Koki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Wu Xin , Inoue Akira , Ota Minori , Yokoyama Yuhki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Nishimura Junichi , Hata Taishi , Matsuda Chu , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Minimally invasive treatment is getting more and more important in an aging society. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of ICG loaded on super carbonate apatite (sCA) nanoparticles as a novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancers. Using colon cancer cells, ICG uptake and anti-tumor effects were examined between the treatments of ICG and sCA-ICG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and temperature rise were also evaluated to explore the underlying mechanism. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the size of sCA-ICG ranged from 10 to 20 nm. In aqueous solution with 0.5% albumin, the temperature increase after laser irradiation was 27.1°C and 23.1°C in sCA-ICG and ICG, respectively (control DW: 5.7°C). A significant increase in ROS generation was noted in cell cultures treated with sCA-ICG plus irradiation compared with those treated with ICG plus irradiation (P &lt; 0.01). Uptake of ICG in the tumor cells significantly increased in sCA-ICG compared with ICG in vitro and in vivo. The fluorescence signals of ICG in the tumor, liver, and kidney faded away in both treatments by 24 hours. Finally, the HT29 tumors treated with sCA-ICG followed by irradiation exhibited drastic tumor growth retardation (P &lt; 0.01), whereas irradiation of tumors after injection of ICG did not inhibit tumor growth. This study shows that sCA is a useful vehicle for ICG-based PDT. Quick withdrawal of ICG from normal organs is unique to sCA-ICG and contrasts with the other nanoparticles remaining in normal organs for a long time. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1613–22. ©2018 AACR.
Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing for Precision Oncology in Rare Cancers
Authors: Groisberg Roman , Hong David S. , Roszik Jason , Janku Filip , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Javle Milind , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology defines rare cancers as 5 or fewer cases per 100,000 persons per year. For many rare cancers, no standard of care exists, and treatment is often extrapolated. Identifying potentially targetable genomic alterations in rare tumors is a rational approach to improving treatment options. We sought to catalog these mutations in rare tumors and to assess their clinical utility.
For this retrospective analysis, we selected rare tumor patients from a dataset of patients who underwent clinical tumor genomic profiling. Sarcomas were excluded. To index potentially actionable alterations, patients' reports were reviewed for mutations in cancer-associated genes and pathways. Respective clinical records were abstracted to appraise the benefit of using a targeted therapy approach. Actionable alterations were defined as targeted by a drug available on-label, off-label, or in clinical trials.
The 95 patients analyzed had 40 different tumor subtypes, most common being adenoid cystic (13%), cholangiocarcinoma (7%), and metaplastic breast (6%). At least one genomic alteration was identified in 87 patients (92%). The most common identifiable mutations were in TP53 (23%), KRAS (10%), PIK3CA (9%), CDKN2A/B (8%), BRAF (7%), MLL (7%), and ARID1A (6%). Thirty-six patients (38%) with 21 different tumors had at least one potentially actionable alteration. Thirteen patients received targeted therapy. Of these, 4 had a partial response, 6 had stable disease, and 3 had progressive disease as the best response.
The addition of genomic profiling to management of rare cancers adds a potential line of therapy for cancers that have little or no standard of care. In our analysis, tumors with a BRAF alteration responded well to BRAF inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1595–601. ©2018 AACR.