bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Стан антиоксидантної системи захисту при експериментальному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету
Authors: Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Verveha B. M. , Pіdruchna S. R. , Melnyk N. A. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити стан антиоксидантної системи захисту в організмі піддослідних тварин при змодельованому гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету порівняно із тваринами з експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом.
Матеріали і методи. У експерименті використано 56 білих щурів. Цукровий діабет у дослідних тварин моделювали шляхом внутрішньоочеревинного введення стрептозотоцину фірми “Sigmal” з розрахунку 7 мг на 100 г маси тварини, гострий поширений перитоніт – введенням 0,5 мл 10 % профільтрованої калової суспензії в черевну порожнину. Визначали показники антиоксидантного статусу – супероксиддисмутазну активність плазми, каталазну активність плазми та печінки, відновлений глутатіон, церулоплазмін. Терміни спостереження: 1, 3, 7 доби від початку моделювання перитоніту. Для проведення досліджень використовували сироватку крові та гомогенат печінки.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті досліджень доведено, що при гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету більшою мірою виснажуються антиоксидантні ресурси захисту порівняно із групою тварин зі змодельованим гострим перитонітом. В основній групі встановлено статистично значуще зниження таких антиоксидантних показників, як церулоплазмін (на 1 добу – на 12,25 %, на 3 добу – на 12,11 %, на 7 добу – на 11,15 %), відновлений глутатіон (на 1 добу – на 11,87 %, на 3 добу – на 10,89 %, на 7 добу – на 9,42 %), супероксиддисмутазна активність плазми крові (на 1 добу – на 9,94 %, на 3 добу – на 13,22 %, на 7 добу – на 7,43 %), каталазна активність печінки (на 1 добу – на 7,63 %, на 3 добу – на 19,39 %, на 7 добу – на 20,97 %) порівняно із групою із змодельованим гострим поширеним перитонітом (р<0,05). У тварин із експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом на тлі цукрового діабету захисні антиоксидантні ресурси виснажувалися більшою мірою порівняно із тваринами із змодельованим гострим перитонітом. Встановлене пригнічення антиоксидантної системи захисту вказує на значне виснаження факторів захисту організму при гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету.
Стратифікаційні шкали ризику серцево-судинних подій у хворих на інфаркт міокарда в поєднанні з коморбідною і хірургічною патологією
Authors: Levytska L. V. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити особливості реагування фізичних та біохімічних показників функціонального стану організму у хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) в поєднанні з коморбідною патологією (КП), виявити зв’язки між маркерними і лімітуючими параметрами функціонального стану організму та ступенем ризику серцево-судинних подій.
Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 371 хворого на інфаркт міокарда з коморбідною патологією, які були послідовно включені в проспективне дослідження. Вивчено основні функціональні показники стану організму хворого на ІМ з КП, а також їх взаємозв'язки з основними шкалами ризику, клінічними маркерами толерантності до фізичного навантаження та індексом коморбідності Чарльсона (ІКЧ).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Ступені ризику за шкалою GRACE у хворих на ІМ з КП мають прямий кореляційний звязок (точково-бісерійна кореляція) з показниками віку (r=0,267; Р<0,0001), частоти серцевих скорочень (r=0,159; Р=0,028), частоти дихальних рухів (r=0,248; Р=0,001), рівнями глюкози (r=0,197; Р=0,007), креатиніну (r=0,154; Р=0,033), та індексом коморбідності Чарльсона (r=0,275; Р<0,0001). Обернена кореляція спостерігалася між ступенями ризику за шкалою GRACE та рівнями гемоглобіну (r=-0,159; Р=0,03), загального холестерину (r=-0,217; Р=0,003), ЛПНГ (r=-0,292; Р<0,0001), SpO2 (r=-0,178; Р=0,017), кількістю лімфоцитів (r=-0,169; Р=0,02). Прослідковувалася обернена кореляція між ступенем коморбідності за ІКЧ та тестом шестихвилинної ходьби на 10-й, 30 і 90-й день від початку розвитку ІМ (r10=-0,318; r30=-0,397; r90=-0,425; Р<0,0001).
Аналіз специфічності та чутливості тесту шестихвилинної ходьби на 10-й, 30-й та 90-й день реабілітації післяінфарктних хворих при значеннях ІКЧ>2 показав максимальну специфічність (1,0) та прогностичну цінність позитивного результату (1,0) цього маркера у коморбідних пацієнтів для значень ТШХ10 = 83,5-98 м (95% ДІ (0,672-0,828), Р=0,037); ТШХ30 = 147-166,5 м (95% ДІ (0,766-0,904), Р=0,005 та ТШХ90 = 199,5-227,5 м (95% ДІ (0,741-0,933), Р=0,005).
Effects of ATRAP in Renal Proximal Tubules on Angiotensin‐Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Kinguchi Sho , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Haruhara Kotaro , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Ohki Kohji , Uneda Kazushi , Matsuda Miyuki , Haku Sona , Yamaji Takahiro , Yamada Takayuki , Kobayashi Ryu , Minegishi Shintaro , Ishigami Tomoaki , Yamashita Akio , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: April 2019

Background

We have previously shown that ATRAP (angiotensin
II
receptor–associated protein;
Agtrap
) interacts with AT1R (angiotensin
II
type 1 receptor) and promotes constitutive internalization of
AT
1R so as to inhibit hyperactivation of its downstream signaling. In response to angiotensin
II
, systemic
ATRAP
deficiency exacerbates angiotensin
II
–mediated hypertension via hyperactivation of renal tubular
AT
1R. Although
ATRAP
expression is abundant in renal proximal tubules, little is known about the actual function of renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
in angiotensin‐mediated hypertension.

Methods and Results

In this study, we examined the in vivo functional role of renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
in angiotensin‐dependent hypertension. We succeeded in generating proximal tubule–specific
ATRAP
knockout (
PT
‐
KO
) mice for the first time using the Cre/loxP system with
Pepck
‐Cre. Detailed analysis of renal
ATRAP
expression in
PT
‐
KO
mice estimated by immunohistochemical and laser‐capture microdissection analysis revealed that
ATRAP mRNA
expression decreased by ≈80% in proximal regions of the nephron in
PT
‐
KO
mice compared with wild‐type (
WT
) mice. We compared blood pressure of
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice using both tail‐cuff and radiotelemetric methods. Blood pressure of
PT
‐
KO
mice was comparable with that of
WT
mice at baseline. Moreover, no significant differences were noted in pressor response to angiotensin
II
(600 ng/kg per min or 1000 ng/kg per minute) infusion between
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice. In addition, angiotensin
II
–mediated cardiac hypertrophy was identical between
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice.

Conclusions

ATRAP
deficiency in proximal tubules did not exacerbate angiotensin‐dependent hypertension in vivo. The results indicate that renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
has a minor role in angiotensin‐dependent hypertension in vivo.
Forcing of the Upper-Tropospheric Monsoon Anticyclones
Authors: Siu Leong Wai , Bowman Kenneth P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
During the boreal warm season (May–September), the circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is dominated by two large anticyclones: the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) and North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA). The existence of the AMA has long been linked to Asian monsoon precipitation using the Matsuno–Gill framework, but the origin of the NAMA has not been clearly understood. Here the forcing mechanisms of the NAMA are investigated using a simplified dry general circulation model. The simulated anticyclones are in good agreement with observations when the model is forced by a zonally symmetric meridional temperature gradient plus a realistic geographical distribution of heating based on observed tropical and subtropical precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. Model experiments show that the AMA and NAMA are largely independent of one another, and the NAMA is not a downstream response to the Asian monsoon. The primary forcing of the NAMA is precipitation in the longitude sector between 60° and 120°W, with the largest contribution coming from the subtropical latitudes within that sector. Experiments with idealized regional heating distributions reveal that the extratropical response to tropical and subtropical precipitation depends approximately linearly on the magnitude of the forcing but nonlinearly on its latitude. The AMA is stronger than the NAMA, primarily because precipitation in the subtropics over Asia is much heavier than at similar latitudes in the Western Hemisphere.
Controls on the Diversity in Climate Model Projections of Early Summer Drying over Southern Africa
Authors: Munday C. , Washington R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ninety-five percent of climate models contributing to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) project early summer [October–December (OND)] rainfall declines over subtropical southern Africa by the end of the century, under all emissions forcing pathways. The intermodel consensus underlies the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment that rainfall declines are “likely” and implies that significant climate change adaptation is needed. However, model consensus is not necessarily a good indicator of confidence, especially given that there is an order of magnitude difference in the scale of rainfall decline among models in OND (from &lt;10 mm season−1 to ~100 mm season−1), and that the CMIP5 ensemble systematically overestimates present-day OND precipitation over subtropical southern Africa (in some models by a factor of 2). In this paper we investigate the uncertainty in the OND drying signal by evaluating the climate mechanisms that underlie the diversity in model rainfall projections. Models projecting the highest-magnitude drying simulate the largest increases in tropospheric stability over subtropical southern Africa associated with anomalous upper-level subsidence, reduced evaporation, and amplified surface temperature change. Intermodel differences in rainfall projections are in turn related to the large-scale adjustment of the tropical atmosphere to emissions forcing: models with the strongest relative warming of the northern tropical sea surface temperatures compared to the tropical mean warming simulate the largest rainfall declines. The models with extreme rainfall declines also tend to simulate large present-day biases in rainfall and in atmospheric stability, leading the authors to suggest that projections of high-magnitude drying require further critical attention.
Age- and sex-specific first health care use for migraine in 2016 in children and adolescents from prospectively collected health insurance data in Germany
Authors: Albers Lucia , Kries Rüdiger von , Straube Andreas , Heinen Florian , Landgraf Mirjam N , Obermeier Viola , Ruscheweyh Ruth 
Published: April 2019

Background Migraine in children and adolescents is associated with significant disability and a high risk of persistence into adulthood. Objective Data on migraine incidence in children and adolescents are few and relatively coarse. To tailor interventions starting shortly after disease onset, detailed information on age- and sex-specific incidence of migraine in children and adolescents is needed. Methods We used health care data prospectively collected by the BARMER statutory health insurance, representing ∼11% of the German population. The incidence of migraine diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code G43) in the year 2016 was assessed in subjects aged 0–19 years, who had been continuously insured with the BARMER between 2005 and 2016 or during their entire lifespan. Results Data from ∼1.2 million children and adolescents were available. The incidence of migraine diagnoses steadily increased with age, reaching ∼1% per year around the age of 10 for both sexes, and 3.49% per year in females and 1.72% per year in males at the age of 19. Incidences in males and females were similar up to the age of 13 and higher in females from there on. The proportion of incident migraine diagnoses specified as “definite” versus “probable” migraine increased with age. Conclusion The present study provides a representative estimation of the first documented health care use for migraine in children and adolescents in Germany within 1-year age bins, separately for boys and girls. These data will be helpful for tailoring early healthcare interventions to reduce disability and prevent migraine chronification.
Simulation-Based Palliative Care Communication for Pediatric Critical Care Fellows
Authors: Brock Katharine E. , Tracewski Meghan , Allen Kristen E. , Klick Jeffrey , Petrillo Toni , Hebbar Kiran B. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) education is lacking in pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellowships, despite the desire of many program directors and fellows to expand difficult conversation training. Simulation-based training is an experiential method for practicing challenging communication skills such as breaking bad news, disclosing medical errors, navigating goals of care, and supporting medical decision-making. Methods: We describe a simulation-based PPC communication series for PCCM fellows, including presimulation session, simulation session, debriefing, and evaluation methods. From 2011 to 2017, 28 PCCM fellows participated in a biannual half-day simulation session. Each session included 3 scenarios (allowing for participation in up to 18 scenarios over 3 years). Standardized patients portrayed the child’s mother. PCCM and interprofessional PPC faculty cofacilitated, evaluated, and debriefed the fellows after each scenario. Fellows were evaluated in 4 communication categories (general skills, breaking bad news, goals of care, and resuscitation) using a 3-point scale. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: One hundred sixteen evaluations were completed for 18 PCCM fellows. Median scores for general communication items, breaking bad news, and goals of care ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0-1) with scores for resuscitation lower at 1.0 (IQR: 1.5-2). Discussion: This experiential simulation-based PPC communication curriculum taught PCCM fellows valuable palliative communication techniques although revealed growth opportunities within more complex communication tasks. The preparation, methods, and lessons learned for an effective palliative simulation curriculum can be expanded upon by other pediatric training programs, and a more rigorous research program should be added to educational series.
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in cats and a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases
Authors: Argenta Fernando Froner , de Britto Fernanda Cristina , Pereira Paula Reis , Rissi Daniel Ricardo , Gomes Cristiano , da Costa Fernanda Vieira Amorim , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti 
Published: April 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to report the clinical, radiographic and pathological features of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in four cats, and carry out a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases. Methods Necropsy reports archived at the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul were reviewed. The clinical information was then obtained from the clinical records at the Veterinary Hospital. Routine samples had been collected during necropsy, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples of lung were submitted for bacterial and fungal culture. Tissue sections of lung underwent immunohistochemical testing for vimentin, pancytokeratin, CD18, CD3, CD79αcy, E-cadherin and Iba1. Results This disease affected mixed breed cats aged 7–14 years. Clinical signs consisted of severe mixed inspiratory and expiratory restrictive dyspnea, lethargy and anorexia. Thoracic radiographs revealed different lesion profiles, predominantly of an interstitial and alveolar pattern. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely firm and did not collapse. The pleural surface was bright and irregular due to multifocal-to-coalescent, well-demarcated, white, firm nodules that also extended into and obliterated the pulmonary parenchyma. Histological changes were characterized by poorly demarcated infiltration with histiocytic cells arranged in cohesive groups within the alveolar, bronchiolar and bronchial spaces. Histiocytic cells had intense cytoplasmic immunolabeling for vimentin and Iba1, and robust membrane immunolabeling with CD18 and E-cadherin; these cells were negative for CD3, CD79αcy and pancytokeratin in all cases. Conclusions and relevance This article confirms that pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that occurs in middle-aged to older cats and causes widespread involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma, inducing acute or chronic, progressive respiratory disease characterized by mixed restrictive dyspnea that eventually leads to death. While a definitive clinical diagnosis is challenging, the nodular appearance of the pulmonary changes, together with the histological and immunohistochemistry findings, suffice for diagnostic confirmation of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
The effect of external inspections on safety in acute hospitals in the National Health Service in England: A controlled interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Castro-Avila Ana , Bloor Karen , Thompson Carl 
Published: April 2019

Objectives To evaluate the effect of Care Quality Commission external inspections of acute trusts on adverse event rates in the English National Health Service. Methods Interrupted time-series analysis including all acute NHS trusts in England ( n = 155) using two control groups (new versus historical inspection regime and trusts not inspected). Multilevel random-coefficient modelling of (1) rates of falls with harm and (2) pressure ulcers, from April 2012 to June 2016, was undertaken using the new, resource-intensive regime of Care Quality Commission inspections as an intervention. Data used in the model included dates and type of inspection, patient safety indicators, demographic characteristics and financial risk of hospitals. Results In one year, Care Quality Commission inspected 66 acute trusts (42% of all English trusts) using their new regime and 46 (30%) using their previous one. Prior to inspections being announced, rates of falls with harm and pressure ulcers were improving in both intervention and control hospitals. The announcement of an inspection did not affect either indicator. After inspections, rates of falls with harm improved more slowly, and pressure ulcer rates no longer improved for trusts inspected using both regimes. Conclusions Neither form of external inspection was associated with positive, clinically significant effects on adverse event rates. Any improvement happening before the announced Care Quality Commission inspections slowed after the inspection.
Social inclusion of clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s: A 27-year follow-up
Authors: von Greiff Ninive , Skogens Lisa , Berlin Marie 
Published: April 2019

Aim: To investigate social inclusion/exclusion in terms of criminality, substance abuse and participation in the labour market in clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s during a follow-up period of 27 years. Method: SWEDATE data are used for background information on the clients. The data were collected through interviews with clients registered for treatment in 31 in-patient treatment units in 1982 and 1983. Data on labour market status, education and medication related to drugs were collected from public registers. The study population consisted of 1132 individuals, who were followed from the year after exiting from treatment (Year 1) until the end of the follow-up (December 2013). Results: Among those who survived, the women seem to have succeeded better in terms of social inclusion both at an aggregated level and when the individual pathways were followed during the follow-up period. When comparing pathways between adverse and non-adverse groups during the follow-up period the results show movements from being adverse to non-adverse but also the opposite. In the last follow-up in 2013, the majority of the clients defined as non-adverse for the last nine years were in some way established in the labour market (including studies). In total, about two fifths of the group were in some way established in the labour market. Conclusions: The fairly high proportion of clients moving between being adverse and non-adverse during the follow-up might support the perspective suggesting that dependence should not be considered as chronic.
Prognostic markers affecting the early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis after curative resection
Authors: Kim Wan-Joon , Lim Tae-Wan , Park Pyoung-Jae , Choi Sae-Byeol , Kim Wan-Bae 
Published: April 2019

Background: Early recurrence is associated with poor prognosis after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, we studied which factors, including this inflammation-based scoring system, affect disease recurrence in single hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: A total of 430 consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma patients were enrolled in our institution between January 2002 and December 2015. Survival rate, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the variables associated with recurrence and early recurrence especially. Results: The overall survival rate was significantly lower in the early recurrence group than in the non-early recurrence group ( P<0.001). According to the multivariate analysis, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist (PIVKA) greater than 200 ( P=0.035), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio greater than 2.0 ( P<0.001), elevated Glasgow prognostic score ( P=0.003), tumor size greater than 5 cm ( P=0.002), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion ( P=0.002) were significantly different among the groups and affected the early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. The patients were categorized into five levels of risk for early recurrence according to the number of independent risk factors, and patients with no risk factors were set as the reference group. Conclusion: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow prognostic score, and serum level of PIVKA offer significant prognostic information associated with early recurrence following single lesion hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver cirrhosis after curative resection.