bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Poverty-Environment Relationship from Sustainable Development Perspectives
Authors: Rai Jeetesh 
Published: February 2019

Many observers conceptualize the environment-poverty link as “downward spiral,” with population growth and social exclusion leading to environmental deterioration. However, recent micro and small scale existential study challenges this model, showing striking heterogeneity in natural resource management by the poor, including display of their success in adapting to environmental change and the efficacy of policies in affecting outcomes. Using both conceptual and empirical material, this article aims to assess the poverty-environment relationship. I will specifically examine criticisms of the “poverty causes environmental degradation” approach, arguing that recent scholarly work on the complex web of factors involved in the poverty-environment nexus provides a more useful toolkit for assessing the poverty-environment link in local places. I will conclude by analyzing how policies can more effectively address the interrelationship between poverty and environmental degradation, highlighting promising areas of impact.
The long noncoding RNA HORAS5 mediates castration‐resistant prostate cancer survival by activating the androgen receptor transcriptional program
Authors: Parolia Abhijit , Venalainen Erik , Xue Hui , Mather Rebecca , Lin Dong , Wu Rebecca , Pucci Perla , Rogalski Jason , Evans Joseph R. , Feng Felix , Collins Colin C. , Wang Yuzhuo , Crea Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) is driven by the androgen receptor (AR)‐signaling axis. Hormonal therapy often mitigates PCa progression, but a notable number of cases progress to castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). CRPC retains AR activity and is incurable. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represent an uncharted region of the transcriptome. Several lncRNA have been recently described to mediate oncogenic functions, suggesting that these molecules can be potential therapeutic targets. Here, we identified CRPC‐associated lncRNA by analyzing patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) and clinical data. Subsequently, we characterized one of the CRPC‐promoting lncRNA, HORAS5, in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that HORAS5 is a stable, cytoplasmic lncRNA that promotes CRPC proliferation and survival by maintaining AR activity under androgen‐depleted conditions. Most strikingly, knockdown of HORAS5 causes a significant reduction in the expression of AR itself and oncogenic AR targets such as KIAA0101. Elevated expression of HORAS5 is also associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients. Our results from HORAS5 inhibition in in vivo models further confirm that HORAS5 is a viable therapeutic target for CRPC. Thus, we posit that HORAS5 is a novel, targetable mediator of CRPC through its essential role in the maintenance of oncogenic AR activity. Overall, this study adds to our mechanistic understanding of how lncRNA function in cancer progression.
Psychometric Reliability: Definition, Estimation, and Application
Authors: Mead Alan D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Psychometric reliability,
ρ

XX
′

, is the degree to which test scores are precise and free from measurement error. Classical test theory defines reliability as the ratio of true score variance to observed score variance:
ρ

XX
′

. This article provides a comprehensive definition of reliability and then describes the methods by which reliability is commonly estimated, including their limitations. The article then discusses several closely related topics: reliability of ratings; the standard error of measurement; reliability in subpopulations; the Spearman–Brown prophesy formula; true‐score correlations; effect of reliability upon validity; reliability of speeded tests; problems of correlated errors; and the relationship between classical reliability and item response theory information.
Multiple Imputation‐Based Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Carpenter James R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the concepts of sensitivity analyses for missing data, and outline how these may be conveniently performed using multiple imputation (MI). Motivated by data from a trial and a cohort study, we describe how multiple imputation may be used for sensitivity analysis with both pattern mixture and selection models. We then discuss eliciting expert opinion for sensitivity analysis, reference based sensitivity analysis and extensions to longitudinal data. Our aim is to equip readers with the concepts, examples and references needed to apply these methods to their own data.
Design and Analysis of Social Contact Surveys Relevant for the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Hens Niel , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo understand how infections spread through a population, it is crucial to have a correct description of the transmission network. However, it is often impossible to observe transmission of infection directly. To compensate for this lack of direct observations on the structure of the transmission network, we can use information on the social contact network obtained from sociological surveys asking people how frequently they experience at risk events for transmission. We focus on those studies that collect data on at‐risk contacts for infection using proxy measures such as having a conversation or touching. There are relatively few approaches to statistical analysis of such social contact data sets. Here we provide an overview of methods used to estimate contact rates by age from social contact data. For two methods we show how this is done using the statistical software R.
The International Biometric Society
Authors: Billard Lynne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article traces the formation of the International Biometric Society in 1947. The Society was established to serve and foster collaborations between mathematical and statistical scientists working in biological domains including agriculture, forestry, animal sciences, medicine, and the like. A brief summary of its unique regional structure, its journals, and its scientific conferences is described. This includes for the historical record the record of the international leadership (Presidents) and editors of the journalsBiometricsandJournal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (JABES).
Continual Reassessment Method
Authors: Horton Bethany J. , Wages Nolan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe continual reassessment method (CRM) is a model‐based design used in phase I dose‐finding clinical trials. This design aims to locate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), defined by the highest dose with an acceptable level of toxicity, and to sequentially allocate patients at and around this dose throughout the conduct of the trial in light of the current data. Operating characteristics for dose‐finding methods have been studied extensively and have shown that CRM has excellent performance in achieving the research objectives of phase I trials. Accessible software in the form R packages and web applications are available for use in trial simulations and implementation. The CRM is versatile in its ability to be customized for a variety of trial specifications and has been extended to account for treatment combinations, patient heterogeneity, and multiple endpoint (toxicity and efficacy) studies.
Men and Women's Occupational Activities and the Risk of Developing Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Hip, or Hands: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Gignac Monique A. M. , Irvin Emma , Cullen Kim , Van Eerd Dwayne , Beaton Dorcas E. , Mahood Quenby , McLeod Chris , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence for an increased risk of osteoarthritis in the hip, knee, hand, wrist, finger, ankle, foot, shoulder, neck, and spine related to diverse occupational activities of men and women and to examine dose‐response information related to the frequency, intensity, and duration of work exposures and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsEstablished guidelines for systematic reviews in occupational health and safety studies were followed. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2017. Studies were reviewed for relevance, quality was appraised, and data were extracted and synthesized.ResultsSixty‐nine studies from 23 countries yielded strong and moderate evidence for lifting, cumulative physical loads, full‐body vibration, and kneeling/squatting/bending as increasing the risks of developing OA in men and women. Strong and moderate evidence existed for no increased risk of OA related to sitting, standing, and walking (hip and knee OA), lifting and carrying (knee OA), climbing ladders (knee OA), driving (knee OA), and highly repetitive tasks (hand OA). Variability in dose‐response data resulted in an inability to synthesize these data.ConclusionEvidence points to the potential for OA occupational recommendations and practice considerations to be developed for women and men. However, research attention is needed to overcome deficits in the measurement and recall of specific work activities so that recommendations and practice considerations can provide the specificity needed to be adopted in workplaces.
Advanced Functional Structure‐Based Sensing and Imaging Strategies for Cancer Detection: Possibilities, Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Kumar Vanish , Kukkar Deepak , Hashemi Beshare , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Deep Akash 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCancer is the second most common cause of death in the world. The principal limitations thus far encountered in the clinical practice of probing cancer are diverse and include low sensitivity, time consumption, bulkiness, and cost. In this respect, nanomaterial (NM)‐based sensing techniques are recognized as a superior alternative to efficiently resolve such limitations. A better understanding of NM‐based sensing platforms is thus important so that these novel avenues can easily be explored for clinical applications. These platforms have the merits of high sensitivity, high specificity, rapid response, and easy‐to‐read signals. This review offers a comprehensive survey of NM‐based advanced cancer‐sensing techniques and will help the scientific community establish optimum sensing strategies based on an accurate assessment of the interactions between cancer biomarkers and NM‐based platforms.
Dual‐Stimuli‐Responsive Gut Microbiota‐Targeting Berberine‐CS/PT‐NPs Improved Metabolic Status in Obese Hamsters
Authors: Guo Hui‐Hui , Ma Chen , Zheng Wen‐Sheng , Luo Yang , Li Cong , Li Xiao‐Lin , Ma Xiao‐Lei , Feng Chen‐Lin , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Han Yan‐Xing , Luo Zhi‐Gang , Zhan Yun , Li Rui , Wang Lu‐Lu , Jiang Jian‐Dong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGut dysbiosis has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of energy metabolic disorders and might be a new strategy for these ailments. Berberine (BBR), a botanical medicine, shows therapeutic efficacy in patients with metabolic diseases. Numerous reports have shown BBR's modulating effect on gut microbiota, opening a new avenue to understand BBR's mechanism. In this study, a colon‐specific delivery system, BBR‐CS/PT‐NP, is investigated by the assembly of pH/gut microflora dual stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles for enhancing the interaction between BBR and gut microbiota. After oral administration, the delivering system remains stable in the stomach and small intestine, followed by a burst release of BBR after reaching the colon segment rich in intestinal bacteria. The enzymes produced by bacteria degrade the nanoparticle, causing direct exposure of BBR to gut microbiota. In the high fat diet‐induced obese hamsters, BBR‐CS/PT‐NP intervention inhibits weight‐gain and fat deposition, decreases plasma lipids and glucose levels, improves inflammation condition and insulin resistance, alleviates hepatic steatosis, at a level significantly higher than the pure BBR does. The mechanisms might be attributable to the enhanced interaction between BBR and the gut flora. The results provide a novel proof‐of‐concept for drug delivery targeting gut microbiota to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
Recent Advances in 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for SERS Sensing
Authors: Karthick Kannan Padmanathan , Shankar Prabakaran , Blackman Chris , Chung Chan‐Hwa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and sensitive analytical tool that has found application in chemical and biomolecule analysis and environmental monitoring. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, a variety of materials ranging from noble metals to nanostructured materials have been employed as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In recent years, 2D inorganic materials have found wide use in the development of SERS‐based chemical sensors owing to their unique thickness dependent physico‐chemical properties with enhanced chemical‐based charge‐transfer processes. Here, recent advances in the application of various 2D inorganic nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride, semiconducting metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, in chemical detection via SERS are presented. The background of the SERS concept, including its basic theory and sensing mechanism, along with the salient features of different nanomaterials used as substrates in SERS, extending from monometallic nanoparticles to nanometal oxides, is comprehensively discussed. The importance of 2D inorganic nanomaterials in SERS enhancement, along with their application toward chemical detection, is explained in detail with suitable examples and illustrations. In conclusion, some guidelines are presented for the development of this promising field in the future.
Exploring Approaches for the Synthesis of Few‐Layered Graphdiyne
Authors: Zhou Jingyuan , Li Jiaqiang , Liu Zhongfan , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging carbon allotrope in the graphyne (GY) family, demonstrating extensive potential applications in the fields of electronic devices, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, and nonlinear optics. Synthesis of few‐layered GDY is especially important for both electronic applications and structural characterization. This work critically summarizes the state‐of‐art of GDY and focuses on exploring approaches for few‐layered GDY synthesis. The obstacles and challenges of GDY synthesis are also analyzed in detail. Recently developed synthetic methods are discussed such as i) the copper substrate‐based method, ii) the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, iii) the interfacial construction method, and iv) the graphene‐templated method. Throughout the discussion, the superiorities and limitations of different methods are analyzed comprehensively. These synthetic methods have provided considerable inspiration approaching synthesis of few‐layered or single‐layered GDY film. The work concludes with a perspective on promising research directions and remaining barriers for layer‐controlled and morphology‐controlled synthesis of GDY with higher crystalline quality.
Intrinsic Instability of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Halide Perovskite Materials
Authors: Park Byung‐wook , Seok Sang Il 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHybrid lead halide perovskite materials are used in solar cells and show efficiencies greater than 23%. Furthermore, they are applied in light‐emitting diodes, X‐ray detectors, thin‐film transistors, thermoelectrics, and memory devices. Lead trihalide hybrid materials contain methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) (or a mixture), or long alkylammonium halides, as alternative organic cations. However, the intrinsic stability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is not very high, and they are chemically unstable when exposed to moisture, light, or heat because of their organic contents and low formation energies. Therefore, although improvements in the chemical stability are crucial, changing the material composition is challenging because it is directly related to the desired application requirements. Fortunately, hybrid lead halide perovskites have a very high tolerance toward changes in physical properties arising from doping or addition of different cations and anions, in many cases showing improved properties. Here, the intrinsic instability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is reviewed in relation to the crystal phase and chemical stability. It is suggested that FA should be used for lead halide perovskites for chemical stability instead of MA. Furthermore, additives that stabilize the crystal phase with α‐FAPbI3 should eschew MA.
Stimuli‐Responsive Optical Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Yin Yadong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResponsive optical nanomaterials that can sense and translate various external stimuli into optical signals, in the forms of observable changes in appearance and variations in spectral line shapes, are among the most active research topics in nanooptics. They are intensively exploited within the regimes of the four classic optical phenomena—diffraction in photonic crystals, absorption of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as color‐switching systems, refraction of assembled birefringent nanostructures, and emission of photoluminescent nanomaterials and molecules. Herein, a comprehensive review of these research activities regarding the fundamental principles and practical strategies is provided. Starting with an overview of their substantial developments during the latest three decades, each subtopic discussion is led with fundamental theories that delineate the correlation between nanostructures and optical properties and the delicate research strategies are elaborated with specific attention focused on working principles and optical performances. The unique advantages and inherent limitations of each responsive optical nanoscale platform are summarized, accompanied by empirical criteria that should be met and perspectives on research opportunities where the developments of next‐generation responsive optical nanomaterials might be directed.
Biomimetic Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Cooperative Combination of Antiangiogenesis and Photodynamic Therapy for Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Min Huan , Wang Jing , Qi Yingqiu , Zhang Yinlong , Han Xuexiang , Xu Ying , Xu Junchao , Li Yao , Chen Long , Cheng Keman , Liu Guangna , Yang Na , Li Yiye , Nie Guangjun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer treatment and is clinically approved for different types of tumors. However, current PDT suffers several obstacles, including its neutralization by excess glutathione (GSH) in the tumor tissue and its strongly proangiogenic tumor response. In this work, a biomimic, multifunctional nanoparticle‐based PDT agent, combining a tumor‐targeted photosensitizer with GSH scavenging and antiangiogenesis therapy, is developed. A porphyrinic Zr–metal–organic framework nanoparticle is used simultaneously as the photosensitizer and the delivery vehicle of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor apatinib. The core nanoparticles are wrapped in MnO2 to consume the intratumoral GSH and then decorated with a tumor cell membrane camouflage. After intravenous administration, the nanoparticles selectively accumulate in tumor through homotypic targeting mediated by the biomimic decoration, and the combination of enhanced PDT and antiangiogenic drug significantly improves their tumor inhibition efficiency. This study provides an integrated solution for mechanism‐based enhancement of PDT and demonstrates the encouraging potential for multifunctional nanosystem applicable for tumor therapy.
3D Printing of Hydrogel Architectures with Complex and Controllable Shape Deformation
Authors: Ji Zhongying , Yan Changyou , Yu Bo , Zhang Xiaoqin , Cai Meirong , Jia Xin , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFacile preparation of architectures with precise control of shape deformations are crucial challenges due to the complicated process technique and harsh demands of the active materials. To address, the emerging 3D printing is employed to one‐step build programmable hydrogel architectures composed of only one type of material to perform various complex 3D shape deformations. The basic principle is that the secondary microstructures are introduced in the side of hydrogel strips and result in the bending or twisting deformations due to the asymmetrical swelling. With the merits of freeform design and fabrication, various hydrogel architectures including strips, sheets, and 3D objects are built with stereolithography‐based 3D printing, which realize the complex and controllable shape deformations via the programed microstructures on feature surfaces, such as bending, twisting, and even mimicking plant cirrus or petals. Most importantly, various responsive hydrogels are compatible to the approach, which can thus achieve stimuli‐reversible shape deformations. As proof‐of‐concept, a thermal‐responsive hydrogel gripper is readily realized to perform transportation by thermal‐induced grasping and releasing items. The facile 3D printing approach yet versatile in various hydrogels makes it broad opportunities for soft robotics, tissue engineering, actuators, and other devices where programmable shape deformations are required.
Graphene‐Based Materials toward Microwave and Terahertz Absorbing Stealth Technologies
Authors: Chen Honghui , Ma Wenle , Huang Zhiyu , Zhang Yi , Huang Yi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic wave absorbing materials play an increasingly important role in consumer electronics and military defense. The remarkable merits of atomically thin graphene structures and their exotic optoelectronic properties provide new opportunities to design high‐performance electromagnetic wave absorbers. This progress report summarizes the recent advances in graphene‐based microwave and terahertz stealth materials. In the first section, the theory of electromagnetic wave absorption and the evaluation methods for absorption performance are briefly introduced. Then, representative graphene‐based microwave and terahertz absorber systems are presented with an emphasis on the selection of the absorbent component and structural design. In the last section, the perspectives and future research directions of this promising field are discussed.