bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Material Solutions Applied in Pediatric Facilities
Authors: GĘBCZYŃSKA-JANOWICZ Agnieszka , KONARZEWSKA Bogusława 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
New tendencies in forming of the health services functional buildings’ systems shaped along with the emergence of caring for patient’s mental condition in medical sciences. The interior design harmonized with the medical function became an incredibly important feature. This opened up new opportunities for the architecture of health care facilities. A positive architecture’s impact on the user’s well-being is remarkably important in the case of medical care units for youngest patients. For children contacts with clinics and hospitals implies the stress of separation from family and home environment as well as the fear of medical procedures that cause pain. Properly shaped space allows for the reduction of negative experiences linked with staying in a medical institution. It is worth looking at the contemporary material solutions that allow for the fulfillment of the required sanitary and hygienic standards, enabling at the same time to realize bold visions of pediatric medical facilities’ designers.

Streszczenie
Wraz z pojawieniem się w naukach medycznych dbałości o kondycję psychiczną pacjenta ukształtowały się nowe tendencje w formowaniu układów funkcjonalnych budynków służby zdrowia. Bardzo ważną cechą staje się aranżacja wnętrz współgrająca z funkcją medyczną. Otwiera to nowe możliwości dla architektury obiektów ochrony zdrowia. Pozytywny wpływ architektury na samopoczucie użytkownika jest bardzo istotny w przypadku medycznych jednostek zajmujących się opieką nad najmłodszymi pacjentami. Dla dzieci kontakt z przychodniami i szpitalami oznacza stres związany z separacją od rodziny i środowiska domowego oraz strach przed procedurami medycznymi, które powodują ból. Odpowiednio ukształtowana przestrzeń umożliwia redukcję negatywnych przeżyć związanych z przebywaniem w placówce leczniczej. Warto przyjrzeć się architekturze szpitali dla dzieci oraz oferowanym współcześnie rozwiązaniom materiałowym, które umożliwiając spełnienie wymaganych norm higieniczno-sanitarnych, jednocześnie pozwalają na realizację śmiałych wizji projektantów pediatrycznych placówek medycznych.
Influence of Architectural Solutions on Building Heat Protection with Example of Historical Rural Houses in Northern Cassubia
Authors: GÓRECKA Mirosława , CHALECKI Marek 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the shaping of traditional historical rural houses in the context of building heat protection. Special attention was paid to certain architectural elements of the building, such as its shape, layout of the rooms and functional connections between them, application of material and constructive solutions, and the location of the house on the plot, including the plan of its surroundings. The research concerning the existing historical buildings was carried out in randomly selected villages in coastal, northern Cassubia. This area is characterized by certain definite common features. The basic selective criteria of the researched area were its specific climate conditions, uniquely affecting the shaping of functional and spatial elements of the traditional rural houses. The recapitulating table presents the characteristic architectural elements affecting the building heat protection in the rural houses from the 19th century. It has been stated that folk architecture, as a result of the work of numerous generations, and thus characterized by skilled adaptation to the natural environment and climate conditions, should be currently the pattern and inspiration for quests of low-energy-consuming solutions during the design of rural dwelling houses.

Streszczenie
Artykuł poświęcony jest kształtowaniu tradycyjnych historycznych domów wiejskich w kontekście ochrony cieplnej budynku. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na elementy architektury budynku, takie jak: jego kształt, w tym forma przestrzenna dachu, układ pomieszczeń i powiązań funkcjonalnych, zastosowanie rozwiązań materiałowo-konstrukcyjnych oraz usytuowanie domu na działce wraz z rozplanowaniem jego otoczenia. Badania dotyczące istniejących historycznych budynków, przeprowadzono w wybranych w sposób swobodny wsiach na terenie północnych Kaszub nadmorskich. Obszar ten charakteryzują określone wspólne cechy. Podstawowym kryterium wyboru terenu badań były jego specyficzne uwarunkowania klimatyczne, wpływające w szczególny sposób na kształtowanie elementów funkcjonalno-przestrzennych tradycyjnych domów wiejskich. Sporządzono zestawienie charakterystycznych wybranych elementów architektury wpływających na ochronę cieplną budynku w domach wiejskich z XIX wieku. Stwierdzono, że architektura ludowa, będąca wynikiem pracy licznych pokoleń i charakteryzująca się umiejętnym dostosowaniem do środowiska naturalnego i warunków klimatycznych, powinna stać się wzorem i inspiracją do poszukiwań rozwiązań niskoenergochłonnych obecnie przy projektowaniu budynków mieszkalnych na wsi.
Open-Air Drawing Workshops and their Importance in Students Education at the Faculty of Architecture at the Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Authors: ZABAWA-KRZYPKOWSKA Joanna , PALUS Kinga 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
For many years in the curriculum of the Faculty of Architecture in University of Technology in Gliwice very important place took open-air drawing and painting workshops, which in recent years as a result of program changes have been withdrawn from the learning process. Reducing the number of hours of drawing studies resulted in a drop of artistic skills and aesthetic sensitivity. Having several years of experience in teaching of drawing and painting, the authors of the paper confirm their belief in the importance of teaching drawing by studying the forms from nature (open-air workshops). The authors of the paper who led open-air workshops and analyzed the works carried out by the students, prove that drawing from nature through a meeting with living architecture completed the didactic process. Based on participant observation and analysis of selected works authors prove that drawing from nature through the encounter with the living architecture complemented the teaching process. It also enriched and developed the future artists workshop, allowed to study drawing and enabled cognitive abilities. The observation of objects allowed the analysis and synthesis of form, taught history, sensitivity to the context of the environment and the value of space.

Streszczenie
Przez wiele lat w programie nauczania studentów na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej w Gliwicach ważne miejsce zajmowały wakacyjne plenery rysunkowo-malarskie, które w ostatnich latach w wyniku zmian programowych zostały wycofane z procesu nauczania. Zmniejszenie ilości godzin przedmiotów artystycznych spowodowało spadek umiejętności plastycznych i wrażliwości estetycznej studentów. Kilkunastoletnie doświadczenie w pracy dydaktycznej autorek artykułu utwierdza je w przekonaniu o ważności nauczania rysunku poprzez studiowanie form z natury (plenery rysunkowe). Autorki artykułu uczestniczące w plenerach (prowadzące plenery), na podstawie analizy wykonanych przez studentów prac dowodzą, że rysunek z natury poprzez spotkanie z żywą architekturą dopełniał proces dydaktyczny. Wzbogacał warsztat przyszłych twórców, pozwalał na naukę rysunku, a także dawał możliwości poznawcze. Obserwacja obiektów pozwalała na analizę i syntezę formy, uczyła historii, uwrażliwiała na kontekst otoczenia i wartości miejsca.
Non-Metallic Reinforcements with Different Moduli of Elasticity and Surfaces for Concrete Structures
Authors: SOLYOM Sandor , DI BENEDETTI Matteo , SZIJÁRTÓ Anna , L. BALÁZS György 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures is increasing in civil engineering due to their advantageous properties, e.g. being insensitive to electrolytic corrosion. FRP bars have different mechanical and physical properties than traditional steel reinforcement, that makes the interaction between the FRP bars and concrete different to that of steel and concrete. One of the controversial aspects of structural behaviour of RC elements which are reinforced with FRP bars is the bond development. In this paper two experimental studies are presented investigating the bond development of FRP bars. Series 1 aimed to study the effect of the modulus of elasticity of FRP bars on the bond behaviour in concrete. Two types of FRP bars were used with similar properties (same surface profile and diameter), but with different modulus of elasticity. Series 2 meant to study the effect of the surface profile of FRP bars. Three types of GFRP bars were used (same nominal diameter of 16 mm, similar tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), with different surface profiles.
Based on the results it was concluded that both the surface profile and the modulus of elasticity of FRP bars have effect of the bond behaviour in concrete. Bars with higher modulus of elasticity provided higher bond strength values.

Streszczenie
Zastosowanie prętów z włókien sztucznych (FRP) do zbrojenia konstrukcji betonowych w budownictwie rośnie z uwagi na ich korzystne właściwości, w tym np. odporność na korozję elektrolityczną. Właściwości mechaniczne i fizyczne prętów FRP różnią się w stosunku do tradycyjnego zbrojenia ze stali, co sprawia, że współpraca między prętami FRP i betonem różni się od współpracy stali z betonem. Jednym z kontrowersyjnych aspektów pracy elementów żelbetowych, które są zbrojone prętami FRP, jest rozwój przyczepności. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono dwa badania eksperymentalne badające rozwój przyczepności prętów FRP. Pierwsza seria miała na celu zbadanie wpływu modułu sprężystości prętów FRP na przyczepność w betonie. Zastosowano dwa rodzaje prętów FRP o podobnych właściwościach (tak samo użebrowanych i o tej samej średnicy), ale o innym module sprężystości. Druga seria miała na celu zbadanie wpływu użebrowania prętów FRP. Zastosowano trzy rodzaje prętów GFRP (o tej samej średnicy nominalnej 16 mm, o podobnej wytrzymałości na rozciąganie i modułach sprężystości) o różnych użebrowaniach.
Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że zarówno użebrowanie, jak i moduł sprężystości prętów FRP mają wpływ na przyczepność do betonu. Pręty o wyższym module sprężystości zapewniały wyższe wartości przyczepności.
Experimental Investigations of Pull-Out Behaviour of Synthetic Fibres
Authors: TÓTH Mária Erdélyiné , PLUZSIK Anikó , PLUZSIK Tamás , MORLIN Bálint 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The pull-out behaviour is one of the distinctive features of fibre reinforced concrete. Few analytical models for the pull-out of synthetic fibres can be found in the literature. Moreover, the existing models are not supported by comprehensive experimental investigations. In this research experimental investigations have been carried out. First, the one-sided and two-sided pull-out phenomena were compared with each other. Then the effect of the mortar strength, fibre surface and the anchoraged fibre length were examined for one-side anchoraged samples. None of the available analytical models for synthetic fibres could be fitted well to the experimental data. A model suggested for steel fibres with a modified friction law (τ-s relation) was used to gain the most precise approximation for the pull-out of synthetic fibres. After specifying the appropriate model the critical anchorage length was determined.

Streszczenie
Wytrzymałość oznaczona metodą „pull-out” należy do podstawowych cech betonu zbrojonego włóknami. W literaturze rzadko prezentuje się modele analityczne opisujące zachowanie włókien syntetycznych w badaniu „pull-out”. Co więcej, istniejące modele nie są poparte kompleksowymi badaniami doświadczalnymi. W tym artykule przedstawiono wyniki takich badań. Na wstępie porównano ze sobą wyniki jedno- i dwustronnych badań „pull-out”. Następnie zbadano wpływ wytrzymałości zaprawy, powierzchni włókien i długości zakotwienia włókien dla próbek jednostronnie kotwionych. Żaden z dostępnych modeli analitycznych dla włókien syntetycznych nie był ściśle zgodny z wynikami badań doświadczalnych. Stąd, zaproponowano modyfikację prawa tarcia (relacja τ-s) w modelu dla włókien stalowych, w celu uzyskania najbardziej precyzyjnego przybliżenia dla metody „pull-out” dla włókien syntetycznych. Dla odpowiednio dobranego modelu określono krytyczną długość zakotwienia.
Numerical Modelling of Underventilated Fire in a Compartment
Authors: KRÓL Małgorzata , KRÓL Aleksander 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Numerical analysis of fire development in a closed compartment was carried out. Three cases were analyzed: a compartment with one, two and three ventilation openings. The influence of the number of ventilation openings on indoor conditions was investigated. The distributions of temperature, of mass fraction of O2,CO2 also well the flow rate through the bottom opening were considered. Analyses have shown that only three ventilation openings in the compartment give the balanced conditions. This means that the outside air is supplied with the bottom opening and the hot smoke is removed with the upper openings. The research also allowed to look at the conditions prevailing in the room during the development of the underventilated fire. The Ansys Fluent program was used to solve the numerical model. In addition, the User Defined Functions (UDF) were used for numerical analyzes. It allowed for modeling the dependence of air pressure in the ventilation openings on the height.

Streszczenie
Przeprowadzono analizy numeryczne rozwoju pożaru w zamkniętym pomieszczeniu. Poddano analizie trzy przypadki, pomieszczenie z jednym, dwoma i trzema otworami wentylacyjnymi. Badano wpływ wielkości otworów wentylacyjnych na warunki panujące wewnątrz. Rozpatrywano rozkłady stężenia O2, CO2, temperatury oraz strumień objętości przepływający przez dolny otwór. Analizy pokazały, że dopiero przy trzech otworach w pomieszczeniu panują zrównoważone warunki. Oznacza to, że powietrze zewnętrzne dostarczane jest dolnym otworem a gorący dym jest usuwany górnymi otworami. Badania pozwoliły przyjrzeć się warunkom panującym w pomieszczeniu, w którym rozwija się pożar ograniczony wentylacja. W badaniach wykorzystano program Ansys Fluent, za pomocą którego rozwiązano model numeryczny. Dodatkowo w analizach numerycznych wykorzystano funkcje User Defined Function (UDF). Pozwoliła ona na uzależnienie ciśnienia powietrza w otworach wentylacyjnych od wysokości.
Certification of the service of pediatric hematology-oncology in the subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of infographic mapping
Authors: Kogan S. A. , Erdomaeva Ya. A. , Serik T. G. , Birlyukova D. V. , Serik G. I. , Kirgizov K. I. , Varfolomeeva S. R. , Rumyantsev A. G. 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to create a certification of the service of pediatric hematology-oncology of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) using infographics and digitalization. Materials and methods. For the first time, infographic maps were used as a tool for certification, as a way of visualizing a large amount of data on the organization of pediatric hematology-oncology service in each subject of the RF. They allowed to show the specifics of the medical and organizational structure of the profile service in the subjects of the RF, their interaction with other subjects and federal centers. Processing of the cartographic image of the subject of the RF was carried out in the Adobe Illustrator graphic editor. A modifiable tool for creating infographic maps created in the MS Power Point program, with saving the results in PDF and PNG formats. Results. In the course of the study, a “Passport of Service” was prepared, containing infographic maps of 77 constituent entities of the RF. The maps in a graphic form provide information on resources available in the subject of the RF: a medical organization of the 3rd level with bed structure and the possibility of visualization, its personnel; the number of multicenter protocols and clinical guidelines used in the subject of the RF; logistics of patients, taking into account the territorial distance from the specialized beds, the presence in the region of the station/department of blood transfusion; the possibility of radiotherapy in the region; the presence of institutions where they provide palliative and rehabilitation assistance; the name of the federal and regional specialized centers, with whom the interaction is carried out, the well-established telemedicine consultation system with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The database of contacts of the main freelance children’s specialists of hematologists and oncologists of the RF was also updated. Conclusion.Thus, data were collected for visual display and to create specific conditions for developing optimal patient routing schemes and forming proposals for optimizing the service. The obtained “Passport of the Children’s Hematology-Oncology Service of the Russian Federation” can be used in the work of hospitals, scientific centers and professional communities.
Experience in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in the Department of Oncohematology of the Voronezh Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1
Authors: Yudina N. B. , Belyanskaya M. V. , Solovyova M. A. , Trubnikova G, V. , Ryabova E. A. , Ovchinnikova Yu. S. , Orlova E. A. , Skorobogatova D. A. , Brezhneva N. V. , Ryabova S. A. , Bykova I. L. , Sargina E. V. , Shtokalov A. A. , Stepanova T. V. , Grebennikova I. V. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a benign hematological disease characterized by an isolated decrease in platelet count, with different course options requiring both an urgent therapeutic decision and clinical observation of patients. At the present stage in the treatment of children with immune thrombocytopenia, especially with the chronic form, significant success has been achieved. Therapeutic options are determined by an individual approach to the patient and are based on the experience of a hematologist. Materials and methods. For the period from 01.01.2013 to 12.31.2017, in the Oncohematological Department of Chemotherapy of the Voronezh Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1, 153 children with various forms of ITP, aged between 1 and 6 months to 17 years, received treatment. Diagnosis and stage of the disease were carried out on the basis of modern clinical guidelines and ITP classification. The analysis of the severity of hemorrhagic syndrome in the diagnosis of ITP was carried out. The principles of patient therapy were based on the pathogenetic aspects of ITP, the stage of the disease. Patients with newly diagnosed ITP (n = 106; 69.4 %), persistent form (n = 26; 16.9 %) received different lines of therapy, provided for by clinical guidelines, some patients were only under the supervision of a hematologist. The chronic form of the course of the disease was formed in 21 (14 %) children out of 153, regardless of the type of treatment. Children with the chronic form received various lines of therapy, including thrombopoietin agonists. The decision to manage such patients was based on a joint discussion with specialists from the largest federal centers. Splenectomy for the above period was performed for 1 child with a pronounced and chronic “wet” component of the disease. Discussion. Treatment of ITP in children, despite the emergence of a new class of drugs with a targeted effect, in some cases is a difficult task for a hematologist. The adoption of a specific therapeutic decision is based on the severity of the clinical and hematological data of the patient, the search for a possible cause of the thrombocytopenic condition, as well as the individual experience of the doctor. Prevention and prevention of bleeding in patients with different ITP, in particular with chronic ITP, with the absence or minimal manifestation of hemorrhagic syndrome according to the principle “0 bleeding per year” is the ultimate therapeutic task. Conclusion. ITP in children, in particular its chronic form, belongs to orphan diseases, therefore, the experience of managing such patients may be useful in determining the overall tactics of treating patients.
A Combination of Ulinastatin and Xuebijing Amplifies Neuroprotection after Transient Cerebral Ischemia via Attenuating Apoptosis Signal Pathways in Hippocampus
Authors: Ma Chi , Han Dong-Feng , Jin Hang , Cheng Ying-Ying , Hu Hai-Xia , Wang Xu 
Published: April 2019

Background:Ulinastatin (UTI) plays the beneficial roles in modifying cerebral ischemic injury evoked by cardiac arrest (CA). XueBiJing (XBJ), comprised of extracts from Chinese herbals, has been used for the treatment of sepsis and ischemic disorders linked to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. The current study was to find interventions that can enhance effectiveness of these drugs and further to provide a fundamental for their rational application in clinical practice. Thus, we examined how apoptosis signal in the hippocampus is engaged in a facilitating role of UTI and XBJ in improving neural injury and neurological functions after transient cerebral ischemia.Methods:CA was induced by asphyxia followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. Western Blot analysis and ELISA were employed to determine the protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the hippocampus; and representative apoptosis pathways. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and spatial working memory performance were used to assess neurological deficiencies in CA rats.Results:CA increased Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the hippocampus CA1 region. A lower dose of UTI did not attenuate upregulation of apoptosis signal pathways evoked by CA. However, a systemic administration of XBJ significantly amplified the inhibitory effects of the lower dose of UTI on apoptosis signal of the hippocampus. In addition, a combination of UTI and XBJ improved mNSS and spatial working memory performance to a greater degree.Conclusions:Our data indicate that a combination of XBJ and UTI plays a facilitating role in improving neuronal injury and neurological deficits observed in transient cerebral ischemia; and an inhibition of apoptosis signal pathways is involved in neuroprotective effects of united XBJ and UTI.
Detection and Extraction of Heparin from Camel Lungs
Authors: Almeman Ahmad , Abdulmajed Kasem , Eid Eltayeb E. 
Published: April 2019

Background:Heparin is an essential drug used as an anticoagulant. Access to raw material suitable for heparin extraction is critical for creating a viable business opportunity. In Saudi Arabia, large amounts of raw material with potential for heparin extraction are wasted.Objective:To extract heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) from the camel lung, and measure its potency and activity.Methods:Heparin preparation included three steps: extraction, electrophoretic identification, and activity measurement. Fresh lung tissue (100 g) was minced and homogenized in a blender. Crude heparin extracts were prepared using Charles’s or Volpi’s method with slight modifications. Heparin was purified by electrophoresis using high-purity agarose gels in barium acetate buffer. The heparin activity of purified samples was assayed spectrophotometrically using commercial heparin kits.Results:Charles’s and Volpi’s extraction methods were simple and easy to establish. The yield was 90 mg crude heparin per 100 g of camel lung tissue following Volpi’s extraction protocol, whereas Charles’s method did not yield any heparin. The separation of heparin and LMWH by gel electrophoresis resulted in sharp and clear product bands using material prepared according to Volpi’s method. The heparin preparation had an anti-factor Xa activity of 37 IU/mg, indicating weak potency.Conclusion:Preparation of active heparin from camel lung tissue is a technology applicable in manufacturing. Further method development is needed to increase heparin purity and potency.