bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a robust high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the analysis of Lovastatin in Higher Basidiomycetous mushrooms
Authors: Pandey Vijay Vardhan , Varshney Vinay Kumar , Pandey Amit 
Published: September 2018

Hypercholesteromia is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular disease, causing high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. This has necessitated development of methods or substances which would reduce cholesterol uptake from the digestive tract or destroy cholesterol by enzymatic reactions. One of the practical approaches to protect the human body from high cholesterol levels is to inhibit the cholesterol-synthesizing ability of the organism. Lovastatin is a metabolite of mold fungi from the different genera. However, its presence has also been detected in fruiting bodies and submerged cultivated mycelia of some species of Higher Basidiomycetous fungus, especially in the species of genus Pleurotus – P. ostreatus and P. eryngii. We are screening Higher Basidiomycetous mushrooms for identification of commercially recoverable quantities of lovastatin. Since lovastatin quantification in a large number of fungal samples is required, a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was required. Use of HPTLC for quantitative measurements of lovastatin in fungal biomass has not yet been reported. In the present study a simple, precise, specific and accurate TLC Densitometric method for estimation of lovastatin in Higher Basidiomycetous mushrooms was developed, validated and used for estimation of lovastatin content in the cultured mycelia of Pleurotus spp. The develop method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, spiking, robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The Rf and % recovery value for Lovastatin 0.52 and 99.15 respectively. Developed analytical methods showed good separation and recovery of Lovastatin.
SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM SEDERHANA (PORTABLE WATER TREATMENT)
Authors: Syauqiah Isna , Wiyono Noerhadi , Faturrahman Arief 
Published: September 2018

Abstrak- Air merupakan kebutuhan yang paling utama bagi makhluk hidup. Belakangan ini timbul masalah yang sangat krusial yaitu sulit untuk mendapatkan air bersih dan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui keefektifan alat dalam mengolah air sungai menjadi air minum dan mengetahui waktu optimum dalam pengolahan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama yaitu perancangan portable water treatment itu sendiri yaitu dengan membuat kolom-kolom aerasi, kolom filtrasi, kolom adsorpsi, dan kolom desinfeksi yang mana alat-alat tersebut dibuat bongkar pasang. Kedua, yaitu pengoptimasian alat-alat yang bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu dan volume optimum masing-masing alat. Sehingga akan didapatkan waktu dan volume optimum untuk alat secara keseluruhan. Ketiga, hasil analisa air sungai Martapura. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat bahwa desain alat ini kurang efektif dengan kondisi kualitas sungai air Martapura untuk diolah menjadi air minum yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sekitar karena kualitas air minum yang dihasilkan belum mencapai standar baku mutu air minum yang ditetapkan. Waktu optimum untuk alat ini adalah 135 s dengan lama desinfeksi selama 2 menit dan volume optimum air masuk adalah sebesar 2 L Kata kunci: aerasi, filtrasi, desinfeksi Abstract- Water is the most important thing for living. Lately it is difficult to get clean water and suitable for consumption. This research aims to knowing the tool effectiveness in processing river water into drinking water and knowing the optimum time in water treatment. This research was conducted in several stages. First is the design of portable water treatment itself is by making the columns of aeration, filtration column, adsorption column, and columns where the desinfection equipment are separated. Second, the optimizing tools that aim to determine the optimum time and volume of each instrument. So it will be obtained the optimum time and volume for whole instrument. Third, the analysis results of Martapura river. Based on research results obtained that the design of this tool is less effective with the quality of Martapura river water conditions to be processed into drinking water that is usually consumed by people around because the quality of drinking water that produced has not reached the standard of specified drinking water quality standard. Optimum time for this tool is 135 s with a desinfection time for 2 minutes and the optimum volume of entering water amounts to 2 L Keywords: aeration, filtration, desinfection
Pathology and Muluki Aain 2074
Authors: Baral Reetu 
Published: September 2018

With the implementation of the Muluki Aain 2074, there will definitely be changes how a clinician will practice medicine. The pathologists are no longer exempted from medical negligence and hence will have to change our ways of practicing too. The pathologists too have to maintain a good standard of practice, ensure that laboratory staff follow appropriate guidelines and protocols, have good communication with clinicians, ensure clear documentation of procedures and results, maintain records and subscribe to appropriate, recognized quality assurance programs. No test is perfect, so incorrect diagnoses are part and parcel of practice in pathology. But how often this matters? Different studies have shown major errors ranging from 1.5% to 5.7% globally. Error rates vary according to different variables including anatomical site to cultures, countries, legal systems and reimbursement schemes. Error in cancer diagnosis may range from 1.8% to 9.4% and 4.9% to 11.8% of all gynecological and non gynecological cases, respectively.
Analysis of blood transfusion request and utilization pattern at teaching hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya Kafle Santosh , Jha Krishna Kumar , Singh Mrinalini , Shaukin Shilpi 
Published: September 2018

Background: Blood transfusion unit collection, storage and dispatching on Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital began from 19 June 2016 via blood bank. After which, many blood distribution were made accessible via this service. This study analyzes the blood transfusion request and utilization pattern and also to monitor for managing the bloodstocks meeting present and future demand in hospital. Materials and Methods: This is descriptive cross-sectional study conducted for all the requests of whole blood dispatched from 19th June, 2016 to 04th July, 2018. Whole blood requisitions from various departments were reviewed regarding the number of requisition, total blood unit replaced, blood group and socio-demographic profile of patients.Results: Of 648 transfusion units dispatched, 131 and 324 patients were male and female respectively, B positive blood group were most common, followed by A positive, O positive, AB positive, A negative, O negative and AB negative respectively. The largest numbers of requisitions were from Gynecology and Obstetric department in the hospital of 258 requisitions followed by internal medicine, surgery department, postoperative ward and orthopaedic department. Majority of the requisitions were for 20-29 years age group from the local district Morang. The total blood units replaced were 75, of which 29 and 46 of male and female respectively. Conclusions: B Positive was the predominant requested blood group with Gynecology and Obstetrics department making the most requests, among 20-29 years age group from Morang district. The total replaced blood units were less in number with some requisition forms even lacked essential details.
A New Approach for a Practical Assessment of Antimicrobial Surfaces Based on a Stamp Assay to Quantify Transfer Routes of Pathogens
Authors: Gerhardts Anja , Höfer Dirk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing common normative test approaches, it is impossible until now to evaluate how antimicrobial health care equipment contributes to the interruption of infection chains or even to address a benefit-risk-assessment. Therefore, in this study we quantified bacterial transfer and transmission probabilities between surfaces by a stamp assay to assess the performance of antimicrobial equipment under defined conditions. The definition of application-specific parameters is essential to allow the assessment of hygienic relevant surfaces, compared to the normative setups. In a second step, we then fed the determined material-specific data into an integrated mathematical model which enables a discussion about infection risks and a risk-benefit-assessment of antimicrobial surfaces in the health-care environment with practical relevance for the first time.
Towards a Lab-Scale Efficacy Test Method for the Evaluation of Hygienic Laundry Rinse-Stage Disinfectants
Authors: Clarke James , Oakes Lauren , Miller Laura , Hindley Phil , McGeechan Paula , Petkov Jordan , Bockmühl Dirk 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
European domestic laundry habits are changing. Industry's move towards lower/ambient temperature washing and reduced water usage has resulted in lower degrees of microbial control leading to an increased risk to the health and wellbeing of the consumer. One solution targeted at mitigating this risk is the adoption of hygienic rinse-stage disinfectants to reduce the microorganisms in the laundry process. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two commercially-available quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC)-based rinse-stage disinfectants using both suspension test methodology and an application test in ASTM E2406 modified to offer a potential solution for the future testing and registration of such products in Europe. In addition, this paper paves the way for further development and validation of testing methodologies while exploring ways to better deploy and optimise antimicrobial actives within the laundry environment.
Visualisasi Dan Identifikasi Pola Retak Dinding Bata Akibat Penurunan Pondasi Struktur Bangunan Di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Tjitradi Darmansyah , Eliatun Eliatun 
Published: September 2018

The City of Banjarmasin has very low soil bearing capacity leading to a significant number of buildings experiencing foundation settlement. This causes many elements of the buildings to develop cracks and to lean. The foundation settlement is modelled using ANSYS by taking five building structure models with brick walls loaded with their selves weight. Through this modelling the crack pattern and the stress distribution on both walls and the structural elements can be visualised and identified.
The results show that the following columns experiencing foundation settlement develop longitudinal cracks, crack patterns on brick walls are diagonal at every bottom corner of the columns and vertical at the edge of the inner columns if there is no foundation settlement. Crack patterns on brick walls take form of a letter V if only one or two outer column experience foundation settlement, and crack patterns on brick walls also take form of an inverted letter V if only the inner columns or two adjacent columns experience foundation settlement. Foundation settlement experienced by inner columns of a brick wall is a major cause of damage to structural components.
Analisis Cluster K-Means Hasil Umpn Bidang Tata Niaga Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin
Authors: Huwaida Hikmayanti 
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan membuat Clastering K-Means yang digunakan dalam analisis hasil UMPN mahasiswa baru Bidang Niaga Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin TA 2016/2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah cluster k-means. Ditentukan sebanyak 3 kelompok. Tes Bidang Tata Niaga diikuti sebanyak 296 mahasiswa baru. Tes UMPN Mahasiswa Baru Bidang Tata Niaga terdiri dari 5 materi tes yaitu Matematika, Akuntansi, Ekonomi, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris yang masing-masing 30, 15, 15, 20, dan 20 soal. Diperoleh bahwa nilai tertinggi Matematika 22, Akuntansi 13, Ekonomi 10, Bahasa Indonesia 14, Bahasa Inggris 18. Dengan masing-masing rata-rata 6,65, 3,45, 3,56, 7,32 dan 7,74. Hasil UMPN mahasiswa baru Bidang Tata Niaga Politeknik Banjarmasin pada Cluster 1 menunjukkan bahwa nilai Matematika, Akuntansi, dan Ekonomi berada di bawah rata-rata, sedangkan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris berada di atas rata-rata. Pada Cluster 2 menunjukkan bahwa nilai Matematika, Akuntansi, Ekonomi, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris semuanya berada di atas rata-rata. Pada Cluster 3 menunjukkan bahwa nilai Matematika, Akuntansi, Eknonomi, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris semuanya berada di bawah rata-rata. Pada Claster 1 perlu pembinaan lebih lanjut tentang materi yang diujikan seperti Matematika, Akuntansi, dan Ekonomi. Sedangkan untuk Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris perlu dipertahankan. Pada Cluster 2 menunjukkan bahwa nilai UMPN semuanya berada di atas rata-rata. Artinya perlu dipertahankan. Sedangkan pada Cluster 3 semua materi hasil tes UMPN berada di bawah rata-rata. Pada claster 3 ini perlu diperhatikan agar bisa lebih meningkat. Persentase hasil UMPN Bidang Tata Niaga masing-masing claster adalah 29%, 14%, dan 57%
Karakteristik Gas Buang Dual Fuel Gasifier Downdraft Serbuk Kayu Dan Diesel Engine Generator Set 3 Kw
Authors: Mujiarto Sigit , Suliono Suliono , Maolana Imam , Murdjani Murdjani 
Published: September 2018

Gas buang pada kendaraan berbahan bakar fosil yang tidak ramah lingkungan akan berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungannya. Pengembangan gas biomassa juga bisa dipakai untuk bahan bakar alternatif pada motor pembakaran dalam. Syngas hasil gasifikasi yang kandungan CO2, CO, NOx lebih rendah membantu mengurangi emisi gas buang. Pada reaktor gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan gas yang mudah terbakar didapatkan air fuel ratio 1,01; 1,13; 1,34; 1,52. Artinya campuran antara serbuk kayu dan udara dapat menghasilkan gas sebagai campuran bahan bakar pada mesin diesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan gas buang pada single dan dual fuel. Dengan putaran pada mesin konstan yaitu 1500 rpm dengan pembebanan pada generator set mulai 200 watt sampai 2400 watt dengan interval 200 watt. Setelah dilakukan eksperimen, temperatur gas buang dengan adanya penambahan syngas akan semakin semakin naik hingga 249ᵒC. Untuk emisi gasi buang dengan penambahan syngas, karbon monoksida (CO) turun sampai 0,71%. Nitrogen okside (NOx) juga mengalami penurunan seiring panambahan syngas sebesar 100 ppm. Serta hidro karbon (HC) seiring penambahan syngas pada emisi gas buang turun hingga 64 ppm
Pour une lecture dialogique du droit international des droits humains. Remarques sur les constatations du Comité des droits de l'Homme dans l’affaire Baby Loup, et quelques réactions qu’elles ont suscitées.
Authors: Hennette Vauchez Stéphanie 
Published: September 2018

À la suite de la saga judiciaire à rebondissements qui a finalement vu l’Assemblée plénière de la Cour de cassation confirmer son licenciement, Mme Afif, la puéricultrice voilée de la crèche Baby Loup, avait porté son affaire devant le Comité des droits de l’Homme de l’ONU. L’état européen de la jurisprudence relative à la liberté religieuse laissait en effet penser qu’entre Genève et Strasbourg, la première voie serait plus prometteuse. Et en effet, le Comité, qui a récemment rendu ses conclusions dans cette affaire, constate à la fois une violation de la liberté religieuse (art. 18 du PIDCP) et une discrimination intersectionnelle (art. 26). De manière frappante, le débat légitime aussitôt suscité par l’intervention de ce nouvel acteur dans l’« affaire » Baby Loup semble, depuis quelques semaines, obéré par une focalisation inattendue sur une mise en cause, voire une campagne de discrédit, du Comité des droits de l’Homme : plutôt que de discuter la solution au fond, on dénigre son auteur. Les constatations du Comité méritent pourtant d’être lues avec attention : classiques dans le raisonnement qui les sous-tend, elles recèlent en effet une innovation conceptuelle de taille qu’il importe de prendre au sérieux pour bien lire la cartographie globale de plus en plus contrastée des interprétations et qualifications juridiques à l’œuvre dans le champ de la liberté religieuse et des restrictions qu’on peut y apporter.
Neurological Complications in Patients with Plasmodium Vivax Malaria from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Akhlaq A , Ghanchi NK , Usmani B , Shahzad R , Rahim A , Wasay M , Beg MA 
Published: September 2018

Background Malaria remains an endemic disease in Pakistan with an estimated healthcare burden of 1.6 million cases annually, with Plasmodium vivax accounting for 67% of reported cases. P. vivax is the most common species causing malaria outside of Africa, with approximately 13.8 million reported cases worldwide. Method We report a series of P. vivax cases with cerebral involvement that presented at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Results The majority of the patients presented with high-grade fever accompanied by projectile vomiting and abnormal behaviour, seizures, shock and unconsciousness. Seven of 801 patients with P. vivax monoinfection presented or developed cerebral complications. P. vivax infections were diagnosed based on peripheral smears and rapid diagnostic testing. Conclusion P. vivax infection can lead to severe complications, although not with the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Current cases highlight an increasing trend of cerebral complications caused by P. vivax.
Concentration, temporal variation, and sources of black carbon in the Mt. Everest region retrieved by real-time observation and simulation
Authors: Chen Xintong , Kang Shichang , Cong Zhiyuan , Yang Junhua , Ma Yaoming 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Based on the high-resolution measurement of black carbon (BC) at the
Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Station (QOMS, 28.36∘ N, 86.95∘ E,
4276 m a.s.l.) from 15 May 2015 to 31 May 2017, we investigated the
seasonal and diurnal variations in BC and its potential source regions. Both
monthly and daily mean BC concentrations reached the highest values in the
pre-monsoon season and the lowest values in the monsoon season. The highest
monthly and daily mean BC concentrations were at least 1 order of magnitude
higher than the lowest concentrations. For the diurnal variation, the BC
concentrations remained significantly high from late at night to morning in
the pre-monsoon season. Meanwhile, the westerly winds prevailed during this
period, implying the potential for pollutants to be transported across the
Himalayas from long-distance sources to QOMS along the valley. In the monsoon
season, the BC concentrations remained low but peaked in the morning and at
noon, which might be caused by local emissions from cooking. By
analyzing the simulation results from the backward trajectories of air masses
and the fire spot distribution from the MODIS data, we found that the
seasonal cycle of BC was significantly influenced by the atmospheric
circulation and combustion intensity in the Mt. Everest region. The transport
mechanisms of BC were further revealed using a WRF-Chem simulation during
severe pollution episodes. For the pollution event in the monsoon season, BC
aerosols in southern Asia were uplifted and transported to the Mt. Everest
region by the southerly winds in the upper atmosphere. However, for the
events in the pre-monsoon season, BC from northern India was transported and
concentrated on the southern slope of the Himalayas by the northwesterly
winds in the lower atmosphere and then transported across the Himalayas by
the mountain-valley wind. A relatively smaller amount of BC from northwestern
India and central Asia was transported to the Mt. Everest region by the
westerly winds in the upper atmosphere.
Preoperative Narcotic Use and Inferior Outcomes After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Clinical and Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Thompson Kirk M. , Hallock Justin D. , Smith Richard A. , Brolin Tyler J. , Azar Frederick M. , Throckmorton Thomas W. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Our purpose was to determine whether the chronic use of preoperative narcotics adversely affected clinical and/or radiographic outcomes.

Methods:
Seventy-three patients (79 shoulders) with primary total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis were evaluated clinically and radiographically at preoperative visits and postoperatively at a minimum follow-up of 2 years: 26 patients (28 shoulders) taking chronic narcotic pain medication for at least 3 months before surgery and 47 patients (51 shoulders) who were not taking narcotics preoperatively.

Results:
Postoperatively, significant differences were noted between the narcotic and nonnarcotic groups regarding American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and visual analog scale scores, as well as forward elevation, external rotation, and all strength measurements (P < 0.01). The nonnarcotic group had markedly higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, better overall range of motion and strength, and markedly lower visual analog scale scores than the narcotic group.

Conclusion:
Chronic preoperative narcotic use seems to be a notable indicator of poor outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
Implementing a Cultural Model to Increase English-Language Proficiency at an International College
Authors: Scarinci Janice Lee , Howell Edward 
Published: September 2018

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of an American Cultural Model to an existing English as a Second Language (ESL) program improved the performance of international students. Idea: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within the respective cultural model. Motivation: The results of our study can be applied to higher education worldwide since currently the international business language is English. Data: The data collected were analyzed and interpreted to determine whether cultural training improved scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Tools: Two groups of incoming students were compared as the treatment and control groups, using the t-test with appropriate statistical package. Findings: Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference in TOEFL scores between the control group and the experimental group benefiting from the implementation of the Introduction of the American Cultural Model. Contribution: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order for them to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within a respective cultural model.