bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Pre-Treatment of Gelidium Latifolium and Caulerpa Racemosa for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Setyaningsih D , Hidayat A , Aryanti E Yan V , Muna N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Raw material pre-treatment becomes an important step in the bioetanol production from macroalgae. It’s help to breakdown sulfated groups and lignin, facilitate the hydrolysis process to increase reducing sugars. Gelidium latifolium and Caulerpa racemosa are red and green algae which used for bioethanol production in this study. The carbohydrate content was 23.81% and 30.54% respectively. The study aims to evaluate the effect of alkaline pre-treatment to the chemical characteristics of macroalgae, productivity of sugar and bioethanol. The alkaline used was sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 0.05 and 0.1 N, soaking time for 3 days at room temperature. From the result, it was known that water and alkaline pre-treatment increased cellulose content for both macroalgae, as well as yield of reducing sugars. The highest reducing sugar for G. latifolium was 5.26% w/v obtained from 0.1 N NaOH pre-treatment. While for C. racemosa it was 7.67% w/v obtained from the one which submerged on water. G. latifolium treated with 0.05 N NaOH has the highest ethanol content of 6.3 ml/L with 21.94% fermentation efficiency and 37.30% substrate efficiency. On the other hand, the highest ethanol production for C. racemosa obtained from water immersion of 7 ml/L with 17.26% fermentation efficiency and 15.41% substrate efficiency.
Effective Management System of Rice Processing Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat R , Rahayu E , Hadipernata M , Kim J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unbalance ratio between rice plant area and number of rice milling unit causes tight business competition on its business so it has low productivity and profitability.Measures for enhancing productivity need to be taken. There are some similarity situations between Indonesia and Korea related to rice consumption and industry. Objectives of this study are to conduct comparative study between Indonesian and Korean rice industry and arrange recommendations about providing stable paddy supply for the rice processing industry in Indonesia. Methodologyof the study are discussion, field observation, data analysis, and arrange recommendations. The results showed that Indonesian Government and Korean Government have different structure on rice processing industry. Therefore, Indonesian Government and Korean Government enacted different policies priority on strengthening and fostering rice processing industry.Based on lesson learn from Korean experiences, some recommendations for sustainable paddy supply for the rice processing industry in Indonesia are Indonesian Government should improve postharvest system and management on rice processing, to revitalize agriculture cooperative, and to conduct business networking among rice processing industries to reduce competition in the rice business.
The Study Of Paddy Harvest Losses Determination on Tidal Land in Tanjung Jabung Timur Region Jambi Province
Authors: Nofriati D , Asni N , Primilestari S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Good postharvest handling is harvest handling to postharvest activities in accordance with the principles of Good Handling Practices (GHP). GHP implementation is expected to improve the quality of agricultural products and suppress lost harvest. In the paddy commodity, the implementation of GHP covers harvest based on appropriate harvest index, way to harvest, threshing, drying, grinding and storage. The objective of the study was initiated to determine harvest losess and suitability of GHP implementation in reducing losses at harvest and postharvest in the tidal land of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The study was done with observation approach to determine the suitability of postharvest handling innovation based on GHP implementation. To determine of harvest losses by calculate using a formula (SP) = SPS + SSP directly in the field. The results showed that losses at harvest time based on GHP implementation was 1.6% (Inpara 3 varieties), 1.5% (Ciherang varieties) whereas with the way of farmers losses at harvest was higher about 5.1% (Inpara 3) and 4.5% (Ciherang). The results showed that in general situation the farmers were not practicing GHP on harvest and postharvest process.
Response of Banana CV Mas Kirana (Musa acuminata Colla cv.) on Ethylene Treatments
Authors: Nurdjannah R , Jamal I B , Syaefullah E , Broto W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Banana cv mas (Musa acuminata, L.) is one type of banana which is the superior fruit of Indonesia. Banana has the highest production among fruits in Indonesia. Besides having a delicious taste of banana cv mas kirana has a very interesting appearance, but the simultaneous ripened fruit in large numbers becomes an obstacle in its trade. Ethylene treatment is the primary choice to overcome the trade obstacles. The treatments given for banana fruit were: (i) The concentration of ethylene are 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm with 24 hours of exposure duration; (ii) Temperature of ripening room (ripening chamber): ambient (25-30°C) and (15-20°C) with RH in the range 80 - 95% and CO2 observations / measurements performed periodically to keep the concentration not more than 1% in ripening room / chamber. Banana cv mas kirana look ripe simultaneously on ethylene treatment occurring on the fifth day in the room with ambient condition, while the skin color of banana control is still green. While the banana cv mas kirana simultaneously ripens after the seventh day. The concentration of ethylene at 100 ppm is effective and efficient for ripening the banana cv mas kirana
Profile of Modified Sorghum Flour Fermented by Lactobacillus Brevis
Authors: Rahayu E , Hidayah N , Adiandri R S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Lactobacillus brevis is an excellent species of lactic acid bacteria for improving functional and physicochemical properties of flour. The study aimed to characterize sorghum flour profiles modified using Lactobacillus brevis. Sorghum grains of a local variety KD4 was polished using a mini polisher. The flour was fermented with L.brevis at different concentrations. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized, two factors and three replications. The first factor was microbial concentrations (0.5; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20%) and the second factor was fermentation time (4, 8, and 12 hours). The results showed that the microbial concentrations and fermentation time affected the physicochemical properties of the flour such as starch content, amylose, bulk density, and whiteness degree of flour. Increasing the fermentation temperatures increased the swelling power of starch and resulted in high solubility of the granules. Sorghum starch solubility was influenced by amylose content. The longer the time of incubation, the lower the tannin content. Flour water absorption ranged from 11.58 to 21.81%, whereas oil absorption had no significant differences. The study suggests that L.brevis in a concentration of 0.20% and 12 hour of fermentation can be used in the fermentation of sorghum flour.
Effect of Freezing Temperature and Duration on Physicochemical Characteristics of Instant Rice
Authors: Sasmitaloka K S , Widowati S , Sukasih E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Instant rice is becoming more popular in modern lifestyle. This study investigated the effect of freezing temperature and duration on physicochemical characteristics of instant rice. Raw material used in this study was rice with two different amylose content, i.e. high (> 25%) and intermediate (20-25%). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with treatments of freezing temperature (-20 and -4°C) and time (12, 18, and 24 hour), with three replications. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that between freezing temperature and duration were significantly different of their physicochemical characteristics (p<0.05). The best freezing temperature and duration for both of rice was -4°C for 24 hour. Characteristics of instant rice from high amylose were rehydration time of 4.97 minutes, rehydration ratio of 3.14, density of 0.55 gr/ml, volume expansion of 178.99%, water absorption 55.44%, and yield recovery of 88.67%. This product contained of 6.57% moisture, 0.40% ash, 0.21% fat, and 7.92% protein. While, characteristics of instant rice from intermediate amylose were rehydration time of 4.07 minutes, rehydration ratio of 3.29, density of 0.57 gr/ml, volume expansion of 169.64%, water absorption 56.90%, yield recovery of 92.05%. This product contained of 7.58% moisture, 0.70% ash, 0.42% fat, and 7.92% protein.
Optimization of Liquid Sugar Production Process from Sago (Metroxylon spp.)
Authors: Budiyanto A , Arif A B , Richana N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The level of sugar consumption will increase along with the population and income increasing. Sago can be used as an alternative raw material of sugar. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of sago starch. The study were includes several stages: sago starch leaching, characterization and optimization of liquid sugar production from sago starch. Optimation of liquid sugar process was done by starch and water ratio (1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6). The α- amylase and the amyloglucosidase were comprised of three levels concentration: 0.8 ml kg−1, 1.0 ml kg−1 and 1.2 ml kg−1 starch. The result showed that physical characteristics of sago starch were fine powder, white colour, normal sago taste and normal sago flavor. The results also showed that sago starch did not contain lead, mercury and arsenic, with a total plate count of 4.5x101 CFU/g and did not contain mold. The optimum condition of liquid sugar production was obtained by the starch water ratio 1: 4 with α-amylase 1.2 ml kg−1 starch and amyloglukosidase 1.2 ml kg−1 starch. The liquid sugar produced had physical characteristics of 60° Brix, sweet taste, typical sweet aroma of sugar, and reddish-yellow color.
Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene Release from Inclusion Complexes Powder on the Quality of Tomato by Short-Term Treatment
Authors: Ariyanto H D , Bercis M N , Yoshii H 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEffect of 1-MCP release from inclusion complexes in α–cyclodextrin (α-CD) on tomato during storage at room temperature was investigated. Fourteen tomatoes in each closed polystyrene box were treated with 5, 15 and 30 mg of 1-MCP inclusion complex powders, respectively. 1–MCP treatment was carried out for 24 h using closed type of polystyrene boxes. Then, the tomatoes were moved to the polystyrene box with holes to continue storage time. The visible colour test was done after 6, 12 and 18-dyas storage time. The average values of red colour index,a* were 21.5, 23.9 and 30.3 for the untreated tomatoes after 6, 12 and 18-days storage, respectively. 1-MCP treatment shows significant effect on the colour change during storage. The results indicated that the treatment of 1 -MCP in tomatoes was useful to delay the ripening and prolong shelf life after post-harvest processing.
Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor , Pearce Mark S , Roberts Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction and background
Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance.

Sources of data
Comprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed.

Areas of agreement
A range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis.

Areas of controversy
There are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered.

Growing points and areas for developing research
Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.
Differential Constituents in Roots, Stems and Leaves of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Screened by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Rui Wen , Xia Wanxia , Zhao Wei , Li Bingling , Li Jian , Feng Yifan , Chen Hongyuan , Zhao Shujin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The differential constituents in leaves, stems and roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and by multivariate statistical analysis. The established extraction and analysis method showed relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day precision of less than 3.40%, for repeatability of less than 4.06% and for stability of less than 5.10%. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis of the UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS data showed good ability to classify the leaves, stems and roots of P. multiflorum Thunb. The differential constituents, such as stilbenes, polygoacetophenoside, flavonoids and anthraquinones, accounting for variations between the leaves, stems and roots, were filtered through the variable importance in projection values and were further identified by elemental composition analysis, mass fragmentation data and retention times of available standards. Differences between the chemical compositions in the leaves, stems and roots of P. multiflorum Thunb. were closely related to their various therapeutic effects. This UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS-based analytical strategy could be further utilized to evaluate the overall quality of traditional Chinese medicines and their differences of chemical constituents in different parts of the plant and/or in the plants of different geographical locations.
Self-efficacy and doctor support as mediators of depression outcomes following counselling by family doctors for intimate partner violence
Authors: Valpied Jodie , Hegarty Kelsey , Brown Stephanie , O’doherty Lorna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous research shows counselling delivered by trained family doctors reduces depression for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the potential for self-efficacy, doctor support and safety enquiry to mediate these effects has not been examined.

Objectives
To assess whether (i) women experiencing IPV and counselled by a trained family doctor report greater self-efficacy, perceived doctor support and enquiry about safety than those receiving usual care and (ii) whether self-efficacy, doctor support and enquiry mediate effects of counselling on depression for these women.

Methods
Quantitative analysis as part of a process evaluation of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of 272 female IPV survivors attending 52 Australian primary care clinics. Intervention group doctors were trained to deliver brief counselling. Comparison group doctors received standard IPV information. Intervention patients were invited to receive counselling from their trained doctor. Comparison patients received usual care. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Path analysis tested mediation effects from trial arm to depression via self-efficacy, doctor support and safety enquiry at 6 and 12 months, controlling for baseline and abuse level.

Results
At 6 months, mean perceived doctor support was higher for intervention than comparison patients and mediated depression effect. At 12 months, mean self-efficacy was higher for intervention than comparison patients and mediated depression effect. Mediation effects for doctor enquiry were non-significant.

Conclusions
Counselling by trained family doctors can help increase support and self-efficacy of women who have experienced IPV, mediating reduced depression.
Effects of a high-cultivation temperature on the physiology of three differentYarrowia lipolyticastrains
Authors: Hackenschmidt S , Bracharz F , Daniel R , Thürmer A , Bruder S , Kabisch J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the increasing relevance, ranging from academic research to industrial applications, only a limited number of non-conventional, oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica strains are characterized in detail. Therefore, we analyzed three strains in regard to their metabolic and physiological properties, especially with respect to important characteristics of a production strain. By investigating different cultivation conditions and media compositions, similarities and differences between the distinct strain backgrounds could be derived. Especially sugar alcohol production, as well as an agglomeration of cells were found to be connected with growth at high temperatures. In addition, sugar alcohol production was independent of high substrate concentrations under these conditions. To investigate the genotypic basis of particular traits, including growth characteristics and metabolite concentrations, genomic analysis were performed. We found sequence variations for one third of the annotated proteins but no obvious link to all phenotypic features.
Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics and Important Site Factors in a Subtropical Mountain Forest in Central China
Authors: Wang Min , Liao Chang , Tian Qiuxiang , Wang Dongya , Wu Yu , Tang Yanan , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dissolved organic matter is important in the vertical and lateral translocation of nutrients in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the changes in dissolved organic matter concentration and chemical components in ecosystem sources in humid mountain forests. Here, we measured the concentration and chemical components of dissolved organic matter at throughfall, stemflow, litter leachate, runoff, and soil pore water (at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 60 cm) in a subtropical humid mountain forest during two growing seasons. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen showed a clear monthly trend. The dissolved organic carbon concentration and the proportion of hydrophobic organic acid in the surficial water were higher than those in the soil pore water, and this difference was accompanied by a decrease in the hydrophobic organic acid concentration from the surficial water to the soil pore water. We also found that dissolved organic matter properties in surficial water were related to canopy cover, tree species, litter carbon content, and slope, whereas dissolved organic matter in soil pore water was associated with soil C, N, and P content and pH. In addition, the rainfall pattern is important to the dissolved organic matter concentration and partitioning within the seven sources. These findings showed that the dissolved organic carbon movement from surficial water into soil pore water is a significant component of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems, and this is important in estimating the carbon budget in forest ecosystems.
Structural Social Support and Changes in Depression During the Retirement Transition: “I Get by With a Little Help from My Friends”
Authors: Kail Ben Lennox , Carr Dawn C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated whether (a) retirement was associated with increased depressive symptoms, (b) four sources social support were associated with decreased depressive symptoms, and (c) whether the relationship between retirement and depressive symptoms varied across four sources social support.MethodHealth and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether four measures of structural support moderated the association between transitioning to full retirement (relative to remaining in full-time work) and symptoms of depression.ResultsResults from two-stage mixed-effects multilevel models indicated (a) on average retirement was associated with a small but significant increase in depressive symptoms after adjusting for preretirement social support, (b) on average, social support not associated with changes in symptoms of depression, but (c) social support from friends moderates the association between retirement and symptoms of depression such that at low levels of social support, retirement was associated with a sizeable increase in depressive symptoms, but this association decreased as level of social support from friends increased.DiscussionResults suggest people with low levels of social support may benefit from actively cultivating friendships in retirement to help mitigate some of deleterious effects of retirement.
Uncovering the relative influences of space and environment in shaping the biogeographic patterns of mangrove mollusk diversity
Authors: Chen Guogui , Wang Wenqing , Liu Yi , Zhang Yamian , Ma Wei , Xin Kun , Wang Mao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDetermining the relative importance of ecological processes regulating the biogeographic patterns of marine species, especially with respect to α- and β-diversity in multi-habitat communities, is a central goal in marine ecology. We explored the relative contribution of spatial (stochastic processes) and environmental factors (deterministic processes) to the biogeographic patterns of the α- and β-diversity of mangrove mollusks. A total of 16 mangrove areas were sampled in southeast coast China from 18°N to 28°N latitude. The highest mean α-diversity was found at 20°N and that of β-diversity was at 21°N. Both spatial and environmental factors had significant effects on the α- and β-diversity patterns. The environments had greater effects than the spaces on shaping the α-diversity pattern, while the spaces were relatively more important in governing the β-diversity patterns than the environments. Our results suggest that the α-diversity pattern was mainly controlled by deterministic processes (environmental filtering), while β-diversity was primarily shaped by stochastic processes (dispersal-related), although both processes had significant impacts on α- and β-diversity patterns. Identifying the ecological variables and mechanisms that drive variations in α- and β-diversity may help guide the conservation for biodiversity in endangered mangrove ecosystems under anthropogenic and global changes.
Empowerment in the Asylum-seeker Regime? The Roles of Policies, the Non-profit Sector and Refugee Community Organizations in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Pui Yan Flora 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the extent to which non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and refugee community organizations (RCOs) empower asylum seekers in Hong Kong. Based on 28 in-depth interviews with asylum seekers and five interviews with NGO managers, the author argues that mainstream NGOs adopt the traditional roles of Provider and Liberator, whereas RCOs take up ‘alternative roles’ in addition to a limited range of traditional roles. Mainstream NGOs determine and hierarchize the needs and wants of their clients and cater only to the former. This, in turn, is experienced as disempowerment by service recipients, who feel that the NGOs are not working for the recipients’ benefit, but rather to further their own agenda. RCOs proactively engage in policy advocacy, although this has yet to enhance their popularity among asylum seekers. Overall, the major challenges to empowerment for asylum seekers in Hong Kong are the financial dependence of mainstream NGOs on the government, the Hong Kong government’s perceptions of welfare policy and civil society, the existence of the international refugee regime and disunity among asylum seekers.