bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postacute care outcomes and medicare payments for patients treated by physicians and advanced practitioners who specialize in nursing home practice
Authors: Ryskina Kira L. , Yuan Yihao , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo measure the association between clinician specialization in nursing home (NH) practice and outcomes of patients who received postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).Data SourcesMedicare claims and NH assessments for 2 118 941 hospital discharges to 14 526 SNFs in January 2012‐October 2014 and MD‐PPAS data for 52 379 clinicians.Study DesignGeneralist physicians and advanced practitioners with ≥ 90 percent of claims for NH‐based care were considered NH specialists. The primary clinician during each SNF stay was determined based on plurality of claims during that stay. We estimated the effect of being treated by a NH specialist on 30‐day rehospitalizations, successful discharge to community, and 60‐day episode‐of‐care Medicare payments (Parts A and B). All models included patient demographics, clinical variables, and SNF fixed effects.Principal FindingsNursing home specialists' patients were less likely to be rehospitalized (14.71 percent vs 16.23 percent; adjusted difference, −1.51 percent, 95% CI −1.78 to −1.24), more likely to be successfully discharged to community (56.33 percent vs 55.49 percent; adjusted difference, 0.84 percent, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.14), but had higher 60‐day Medicare payments ($31 628 vs $31 292; adjusted difference, $335; 95% CI $242 to $429).ConclusionsClinicians who specialize in NH practice may achieve better postacute care outcomes at slightly higher costs.
Discordance of Gross and Histologic Findings in Estimating the Range of Fire of Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Hlavaty Leigh , Roquero Leonardo , Amley Jeffery , Root Kelly , Ishikawa Martin , Koopmeiners Andrew , Zhao Lili , Sung LokMan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractForensic pathologist use soot and/or stippling surrounding entrance gunshot wounds in categorizing range of fire. If absent, some pathologists suggest utilizing histology when the range is diagnostically critical. This study investigates the concordance of macroscopic and microscopic findings in estimating range of fire by evaluating gunshot entrance and exit wounds made through human tissue analogs at defined distances using two handgun calibers. Examination of over 150 entrance wounds verified the ease of visually detecting soot from a muzzle distance of contact to 1 foot (30.5 cm), and its absence at 9 feet (274.3 cm). Distinctly apparent was bullet wipe surrounding the entrance wounds regardless of muzzle distance. Although variations existed, dark material was histologically identified in many skin, soft tissue, and bone sections at all ranges with both calibers. These nonparallel results decrease the dependability of histology for range of fire estimation and reinforce using gross observation.
Retrospective descriptive observational study of patients who presented to an Australian hospital emergency department with neck soft tissue injury
Authors: Nikles Jane , Khan Subaat , Leou John , Keijzers Gerben , Ng Joanna , Bond Catherine , Nakamura Gota , Le Rhonda , Sterling Michele 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical presentation and management of neck soft tissue injury in an Australian ED.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital ED in Queensland, Australia. This study included all patients aged 18–65 years presenting with neck sprain/strain in 2016. Main outcome measures are patient demographics, comorbidities, presentation, acute management and follow up.ResultsOf 339 patients, 176 (52%) had cervical computed tomography (CT) scans and 3% plain radiographs. Two had fractures (CT yield of 2/176; 1.1%) and three were admitted with neurological symptoms, leaving 334 patients. Of 264 patients receiving medications in the ED, simple analgesia + oral opioid (146, 55.3%) was most frequently used, followed by simple analgesia (89, 33.7%) and opioid + benzodiazepine +/− simple analgesia (16, 6%). Opioids were prescribed for 169 (64%) (including i.v. opioids for 34 [12.9%] and for 85/97 (88%) with pain scores ≤4), and benzodiazepines for 22 (8.3%). Ten (3%) were referred for physiotherapy management in ED and eight (2.4%) for outpatient physiotherapy follow up. Of 113/334 (33.8%) receiving discharge prescription, 60 (53.1%) were prescribed oral opioid + simple analgesia, 37 (32.7%) oral opioids and seven (6.2%) opioids + benzodiazepines; 205 (61%) were discharged without a recorded follow‐up plan.ConclusionsThere is large practice variation in management of neck soft tissue injury in ED. Over half of the patients received CT scans with modest yield. Opioids were commonly used both in ED and on discharge. There is need for a standard management plan to be developed for patients presenting with acute neck soft tissue injury.
Effects of supervisor gender on promotability of female managers
Authors: Kim Hyondong , Kang Tong Hyouk 
Published: March 2019

In order to more fully understand the importance of same‐gender competition in female supervisor–subordinate working relationships, this study examined the effects of supervisor gender on promotion probabilities for Korean female managers with or without managerial qualifications (e.g. mentoring participation and job ranks). Using a balanced panel sample of 568 Korean female managers in each of four waves (in total, 2272 female managers over 7 years), we conducted a multinomial logistic regression analysis to estimate the promotability of female managers. Our findings showed that mentoring participation negatively affects promotion probability for female managers when they have female supervisors (vs male supervisors). Competitive interdependence can be exacerbated between female managers and female supervisors, especially when they are qualified to compete for the same resources and opportunities, which are limited for female managers and supervisors.
Oral Candida Colonization as a Risk Factor for Chronic Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yeter Hasan H , Erten Yasemin , Sevmez Hatice , Korucu Berfu , Kalkanci Ayse , Elbeg Sehri , Altok Kadriye , Bali Musa , Yilmaz Handan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral Candida spp. in HD patients and to investigate its relation with systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Microbiological samples were taken from buccal mucosa, palate, and dental prosthesis with a cotton swab. High‐sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and IL‐6 were measured as inflammation markers. A total of 69 patients (58% male and median age 62 years) were enrolled in this study; 53.6% of total patients had oral Candida colonization. HsCRP and IL‐6 levels were found to be significantly higher in the oral Candida colonization positive group than in the Candida colonization negative group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01, respectively). HDL levels were significantly lower in the Candida colonization positive group (P = 0.03). Peripheral artery disease (P = 0.05) and oral Candida colonization (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with inflammation. In addition to conventional risk factors such as age (P = 0.03), diabetes (P = 0.001), and peripheral artery disease (P = 0.002), oral Candida colonization is associated with coronary artery disease (P = 0.04). Oral Candida colonization might be associated with chronic inflammation and development of atherosclerosis in HD patients.
Co‐occupancy of spider‐engineered burrows within a grassland community changes temporally
Authors: Clayton Jessica , Gardner Michael G. , Fenner Aaron L. , Bull Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBurrow‐digging organisms act as ecosystem engineers, providing potential habitat to other organisms. In the Mid North region of South Australia, wolf and trapdoor spiders in fragmented grassland communities provide this service. Pygmy bluetongue lizards are an endangered skink, endemic to these grasslands. The lizards obligatorily use burrows dug by these spider groups as refuges, basking sites and ambush points. We investigated the occupancy of these spider burrows by lizards and other organisms within the grassland community, identifying the occasions that burrows were shared by multiple taxa. We found that the lizards and trapdoor spiders are predominantly solitary, while wolf spiders co‐shared burrows more frequently with either weevils or snails. There were numerous taxa that were found to regularly co‐share with other taxa, particularly snails, centipedes and weevils. There was a strong temporal influence on burrow sharing, with most co‐sharing occurring late in summer. This study provides an insight into the use of burrows by the lizards and co‐existing taxa within these grassland communities. The dynamics of burrow‐use by other taxa have the potential to influence long‐term conservation of these lizards as burrow availability is crucial to their survival in these grasslands.
Increased nutrient availability decreases insect resistance in cranberry
Authors: de Lange Elvira S. , Kyryczenko‐Roth Vera , Johnson‐Cicalese Jennifer , Davenport Joan , Vorsa Nicholi , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerbivorous insects are considered to be a major problem in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production. Spraying chemical pesticides is common practice, although beneficial insects could also be affected.
We aimed to strengthen the resistance mechanisms that cranberry plants themselves use to combat insect pests by manipulating available nutrient levels. We hypothesized that cranberry genotypes respond differently from nutrient availability with regard to growth and defence against multiple herbivores.
In the present study, six cranberry varieties (i.e. genotypes) were subjected to four different fertilizer rates. In a greenhouse setting, we assessed soil and leaf nitrogen concentrations; weight gain of the native pests spotted fireworm (Choristoneura parallela Robinson), sparganothis fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana Clemens) and the invasive pest gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.); levels of leaf proanthocyanidins (PACs); and plant growth.
The results obtained showed that cranberry varieties differ in their insect resistance qualities, although this depended on the insect species identity; genotypic variation was observed in resistance against the invasive pest L. dispar but not against the two native insect pests. Overall, increased nutrient availability decreased plant resistance to the three herbivores (i.e. increased larval weight gain and reduced PAC levels), regardless of the cranberry genotype. Nutrient availability correlated negatively with PAC levels and positively with herbivore weight gain and plant growth, indicating a potential trade‐off between growth and defence.
Fertilization management to strengthen insect resistance in cranberry may contribute to the development of more sustainable pest management practices, especially for organic production.
Association of rs10490924 in ARMS2/HTRA1 with age‐related macular degeneration in the Pakistani population
Authors: Ayub Humaira , Shafique Sobia , Azam Aisha , Muslim Irfan , Qazi Nauman A , Akhtar Farah , Khan Muhammad Asim , Ayub Adil , Bashir Shaheena , Bakker Bjorn , Ahmed Shakil , Azam Maleeha , den Hollander Anneke I. , Qamar Raheel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the elderly in which central vision is lost because of degenerative changes of the macula. The current study investigated the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMD in the Pakistani population. Four SNPs were analyzed in this study: rs1061170 in the CFH, rs429608 near CFB, rs2230199 in the C3, and rs10490924 in ARMS2/HTRA1. This case‐control association study was conducted on 300 AMD patients (125 wet AMD and 175 dry AMD) and 200 unaffected age‐ and gender‐matched control individuals. The association of the SNP genotypes and allele frequency distributions were compared between patients and healthy controls, keeping age, gender, and smoking status as covariates. A significant genotype and variant allele association was found of rs10490924 in ARMS2/HTRA1 with wet AMD, while the SNPs in CFH, CFB, and C3 were not associated with AMD in the current Pakistani cohort. The lack of association of CFH, CFB, and C3 may be attributed to limited sample size. This study demonstrates that genetic causative factors of AMD differ among populations and supports the need for genetic association studies among cohorts from various populations to increase our global understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
The Political Economy of Confucian Harmony: A Xunzian Vision
Authors: Kim Sungmoon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA global market economy of pure instrumental rationality now poses a growing threat, jeopardizing common citizenship, the capacity for human flourishing, and harmony between humans and nature. Growing skepticism about the sustainability of market capitalism and its moral legitimacy propels us to search for a new economic model in which humans are no longer held hostage to the unbridled pursuit of self‐interest and limitless possession at the expense of the well‐being of others and nature and that attempts to overcome the old conflict between capitalism and socialism. We can call this alternative model “moral economy,” an economic system that reconciles private interests with the public good broadly construed. In this article I reconstruct the Confucian ideal of moral economy by paying close attention to Xunzi's ethical and political thought. Xunzi, one of the key classical Confucians, stipulates the threshold of sufficiency by extending the ruler's care to the most destitute of society as well as giving moral priority to their basic needs without dismissing the foundational importance of individual merit and contribution. Rejecting both pure economic meritocracy and dogmatic egalitarianism, Xunzian Confucianism aims to create a political economy of harmony where various distributive values (need, equality, and merit, among other things) each have their own place.
Economic Religion and the Worship of Progress
Authors: Nelson Robert H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn contemporary thought, the terms “secular” and “religious” are polar opposites. They are held to occupy separate domains. But that view is mistaken. Religious belief organizes society around fundamental ideas about ethics and existence. This article examines the way economic belief systems function as religions. Economic thought in various forms (Marxist, Keynesian, neoclassical) is brimming with implicit religious meaning. Instead of belief in an afterlife and heaven, modern economics promises heaven on earth in the form of continuous material progress. Adherents of competing economic ideologies often promote them with the energy of religious zealots. Thus, modern societies are still organized around religious principles, but they are now hidden from sight. This article shows how the religious dimension of the modern worship of economic progress is rooted in Christian theology: Calvinism in the United States and Lutheranism in the Nordic countries, which are famous for their own brand of social democracy. In recent decades, secular faith in the religion of economic progress has begun to falter. The failures of mainstream economics to warn of impending crisis has reduced its credibility, even among economists. More importantly, the rise of environmentalism as a religion has vastly increased the number of citizens who question the goal of material progress. The attack on economic religion may have also undermined the credibility of mainstream political parties, partially explaining Brexit in England and the election of Donald Trump in the United States.
Islam’s Gift: An Economy of Spiritual Development
Authors: Zaman Asad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccording to the standard narrative, economics is an objective and scientific study of universal laws applicable to economic affairs of modern societies. After a brief introduction, the second section of the article presents a counter‐narrative that disputes this claim, and provides an alternative point of view that situates modern economics within its European historical, political, and social context. We briefly discuss why the conventional methodology of modern economics makes false claims to objectivity and universality. The third section provides an alternative methodology that is based on the recognition that human behavior is inherently and unavoidably normative, and any study of human beings and societies must take this into account. The fourth section of the article brings out the norms concealed within the foundations of modern economics, since the avowed methodology does not permit explicit and open expression of these norms. The fifth section describes Islamic views that describe the normative ideals for our personal and social lives. In particular, Islam aims at the development of the potential for excellence that every human being is born with. It does not aim at accumulation of wealth and material possessions. Nor does it aim at achievement of happiness through the maximization of pleasure achieved by consumption. The sixth section describes the transformational strategies required for spiritual progress in different dimensions of our human existence. The seventh section describes some of the institutional structures required in the economic realm to assist in the achievement of the transformation towards the normative ideals. The final section explains how we should use our unique and precious lives to aim for higher goals than mere consumption of goods and acquisition of wealth.
Catholicism and Economics: Towards a “Deeper Reflection on the Nature of the Economy and its Purposes”
Authors: Clark Charles M.A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany of the problems neoclassical economic theory has in explaining the real world stem from its narrow view of human nature—the “rational economic man” model, which forces economists to exclude social and historical context. Every social theory starts with a view of human nature that necessarily comes from outside the social sciences. Philosophy and theology are the sources of our ideas about the nature of humans, society, and the good that humans pursue. Catholic Social Thought has a rich understanding of human nature, which includes both the uniqueness of persons and their inherently social nature. Starting from this foundation, economists can develop a deeper understanding of the nature of the economy. Catholic Social Thought does not offer a different economic theory or model, but it does provide an alternative vision upon which more adequate and realistic economic theories can be constructed.
P‐wave vector magnitude predicts recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Sakamoto Tamotsu , Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Tsujino Yasushi , Kataoka Naoya , Kinugawa Koichiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe predictive efficacies of parameters related to P‐wave amplitude (PWA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation are unclear.MethodsWe measured multiple PWA parameters using an automated system in 126 consecutive patients with persistent and long‐standing persistent AF who underwent catheter ablation. The relationships between AF recurrence and various PWA parameters were examined, including the association with P‐wave vector magnitude (calculated as the square root of the sum of lead II PWA squared, lead V6 PWA squared, and a one‐half lead V2 PWA squared).ResultsAtrial fibrillation did not recur in 87 patients (69%) during 32 ± 15 months of follow‐up. The maximum PWA, mean PWA, and P‐wave vector magnitude were lower in patients with AF recurrence than those without (maximum PWA, 0.14 ± 0.05 mV vs. 0.16 ± 0.05 mV, p = 0.017; mean PWA, 0.05 ± 0.02 mV vs. 0.06 ± 0.02 mV, p = 0.003; P‐wave vector magnitude, 0.09 ± 0.03 mV vs. 0.13 ± 0.04 mV, p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the predictive ability of P‐wave vector magnitude for AF recurrence was independent of other clinical properties (hazard ratio: 0.153, 95% confidence interval: 0.046–0.507, p = 0.002). Atrial fibrillation freedom rates of patients with P‐wave vector magnitude higher and lower than 0.13 mV were 93% and 57%, respectively. P‐wave vector magnitude weakly correlated with left atrial dimension (R = −0.280, p = 0.004).ConclusionsP‐wave vector magnitude can predict AF recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF.
Prognostic impact of the combination of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 in patients with pancreas head cancer
Authors: Kim Wan‐Joon , Lim Tae‐Wan , Park Pyoung‐Jae , Choi Sae‐Byeol , Kim Wan‐Bae 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the combination of a traditional prognostic factor with a systemic inflammation‐based prognostic factor in patients undergoing curative resection for pancreas head cancer diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2015, 198 patients were enrolled. Various clinicopathological factors potentially associated with survival and recurrence were evaluated in this study.ResultsThe selected cut‐off values for the test prognostic factors with sufficient sensitivity and specificity were 2.8 for the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and 70 U/mL for serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the 5‐year survival rate in patients with a high NLR and CA19‐9 was 21.8% compared with 79.8% for patients with a low NLR and CA19‐9. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate in patients with a high NLR and CA19‐9 was 0% compared with 33.9% for patients with a low NLR and CA19‐9. Patients with high NLRs and high CA19‐9 were more likely to have an early recurrence and multiple relapse patterns.ConclusionPreoperative NLR and serum CA19‐9 offer significant prognostic information for survival following curative resection of pancreas head cancer diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Qualitative study showed that a culturally tailored parenting programme improved the confidence and skills of Somali immigrants
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Flacking Renée , Klingberg Allvin Marie , Schön Ulla‐Karin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimParenting programmes tailored to immigrant parents have been reported to improve the mental health of the children and parents, as well as parents’ sense of competence in parenting. However, research on parents’ experiences of programmes tailored to their needs is scarce. This qualitative study aimed to describe Somali parents’ experiences of how a culturally sensitive programme affected their parenting.MethodsThe study was conducted in a middle‐sized city in Sweden in 2015. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 50 participants two months after they took part in a parenting support programme. Inductive and deductive qualitative content analyses were used.ResultsA light has been shed was a metaphor that emerged from the analysis and that captured the knowledge the parents gained from the parenting system in Sweden. Parents gained confidence in their parenting role and became emotionally aware of their child's social and emotional needs and how to respond to them. Holding the sessions in the participant's native language was important for the parents’ participation and acceptance of the programme.ConclusionParenting programmes should be tailored to the specific needs of the participants and cultural sensitivity should be factored into programmes to attract immigrant parents.