bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study to Assess the Impact of a Multifactorial Explanation for Mental Illness on Prejudicial Attitudes Towards People With Mental Illness
Authors: Segall Hailey A. , Dick Danielle M. , Aeilts Amber M. , Shoben Abigail B. , Allain Dawn C. , Austin Jehannine C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPublic stigma and prejudice toward people with psychiatric conditions is highly prevalent and damaging. Explanations for the origins of mental illness can influence attitudes toward people with these conditions. To date, studies exploring the effects of explanations for the origins of mental illness have focused on genetic or environmental explanations, and the impact of evidence‐based multifactorial explanations for psychiatric illness on public attitudes remains unknown. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk to watch a 4‐min video about the “mental illness jar model”—an evidence‐based analogy that explains the complex interactions between genes and environment in the development of mental illness. Participants provided demographic information and completed questions regarding knowledge about the causes of mental illness, and the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale both before and after watching the video. A total of 106 eligible participants completed the study. Watching the video had no significant effect on participants' knowledge about the causes of mental illness (p = 0.06), but there was a significant decrease in prejudicial attitudes toward mental illness (p = 0.0003), the effect size was small (−0.15). The use of this brief video (available at cogastudy.org) is a promising tool to decrease prejudicial attitudes toward mental illness that warrants further study.
Clinical value of novel blood‐based tau biomarkers in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Bentivenga Giuseppe Mario , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Baiardi Simone , Kirsebom Bjørn‐Eivind , Mastrangelo Andrea , Mammana Angela , Capellari Sabina , Fladby Tormod , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Parchi Piero 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diagnostic and prognostic performance of the novel fluid biomarkers brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) and phospho‐tau217 (p‐tau217) in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is not defined.METHODSWe measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma BD‐tau, p‐tau217, p‐tau181, total tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), and 14‐3‐3 in 100 CJD patients, 100 with non‐prion rapidly progressive dementia (np‐RPD), 92 with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD‐MCI), and 55 healthy controls (HC).RESULTSPlasma BD‐tau performed comparably to plasma t‐tau but had lower performance than CSF t‐tau (p < 0.001) and 14‐3‐3 (p = 0.014) in CJD versus np‐RPD differential diagnosis. Plasma BD‐tau diagnostic accuracy increased when ratioed to plasma p‐tau217, matching CSF 14‐3‐3. Plasma BD‐tau levels were associated with survival (p < 0.001), outperforming t‐tau and NfL.DISCUSSIONPlasma BD‐tau is a valuable marker for CJD prognostication. In the clinical setting, the plasma BD‐tau/p‐tau217 ratio provides an accurate, fast marker supporting the clinical diagnosis of CJD.Highlights
The increase of plasma BD‐tau levels parallels that of CSF t‐tau in CJD.
CSF p‐tau217 levels are significantly increased in CJD, reflecting a prion‐specific secondary tauopathy.
Plasma p‐tau217 shows a distinct profile than CSF p‐tau217 in CJD.
Plasma BD‐tau/p‐tau217 ratio is as accurate as CSF 14‐3‐3 in distinguishing CJD from np‐RPDs, including AD.
BD‐tau represents a valuable blood‐based biomarker for CJD prognostication.
An Isolable Base‐Stabilized Diazosilenyl Cation
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Rodríguez‐Álvarez Aurora , Baceiredo Antoine , Lavedan Pierre , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the emerging chemistry of stable diazoalkenes, there are not yet any studies devoted to heavier silicon analogues, diazosilenes. Here, we report the synthesis of a base‐stabilized diazosilenyl cation 2 by the reaction of base‐stabilized C‐phosphonio‐silyne 1 with N2O. This silicon analog of diazoalkenes 2 exhibits a remarkable stability thanks to the coordination of phosphine and phosphine oxide ligands at the cationic silicon center. In addition, DFT calculations predict that, due to a particular stabilizing effect of the electropositive silicon atom, for diazosilenes (R2Si=C=N2), the presence of π‐donor substituents is not essential to prevent N2 dissociation, contrary to carbon analogues. Interestingly, diazosilenyl cation 2 tends to isomerize into (silylene)(phosphonio)diazomethane 7 via a 1,2‐phosphine ligand migration and thus exhibits dual reactivity as a diazoalkene and as a diazo‐substituted silylene.
Stereoselective P(III)‐Glycosylation for the Preparation of Phosphinated Sugars
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chen Xian‐Xiao , Li Zi‐Han , Lin Guo‐Qiang , He Zhi‐Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMost of the reported work focus on the development of O‐, N‐, C‐ and S‐glycosylation methods. However, no study explores P(III)‐glycosylation reaction. Herein we describe a convenient protocol to realize P(III)‐glycosylation process. A simple β‐phosphino ester is adopted as P(III)‐transfer reagent for this new type of glycosylation via a nucleophilic substitution and release strategy. Diverse phosphine units are introduced to the anomeric center of various sugars efficiently and with excellent stereoselectivity. The value of this method is showcased by the prepared P(III)‐sugars as novel linkers in bioactive molecule conjugation, new chiral ligands in metal‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions and organocatalysts. Preliminary mechanistic studies corroborated the designed P(III)‐transfer process.
Efficient astaxanthin production: Advanced strategies to improve microbial fermentation
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Yang Jiahui , Jiang Wankui , Zhang Wenming , Chen Minjiao , Jiang Yujia , Xin Fengxue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAstaxanthin is a very valuable chemical with strong antioxidant effects, including anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, eye protection, and other properties. The rapid development of synthetic biology has facilitated microbial astaxanthin production, offering environmental benefits, mild reaction conditions, and alignment with consumer demand for natural compounds. Accordingly, this review introduces the latest progress in the production of astaxanthin using different microorganisms including native microbes like Haematococcus pluvialis and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, as well as engineered microbes like Yarrowia lipolytica and Escherichia coli. Methods for improving astaxanthin production through fermentation process regulation and metabolic engineering are reviewed and directions for future work are proposed.
Exploring Avatar Selves in the Metaverse: Consumer Co‐Creation of Experiences
Authors: Chakraborty Amrita , Jain Varsha , Belk Russell 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to understand how metaverse users interact with the platform to co‐create their experiences and shape altered selves through embodied avatars, further influencing their engagement or disengagement within the platform using social constructionism and narrative identity theory. The paper's uniqueness stems from understanding the developing idea of self in the metaverse using netnography and phenomenological semi‐structured interviews. Our research found that co‐creating experiences is an ongoing two‐way exchange between consumers and platforms in a digital space based on three significant parameters: cognitive (experimenting and informative), conative (the sense of presence) and affective (fun and entertaining). Further, an altered self emerges from this process, which leads to consumer engagement or disengagement with the platform. The paper contributes significantly to the literature on the evolving concept of the self in the metaverse.
Cerebral Fat Embolism After Traumatic Long‐Bone Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Ippolito Mariachiara , Benenati Vincenzo , Gambino Valentina , Lapi Maria , Nicosia Dario , Pace Alessandro , Presti Gabriele , Ronga Fiammetta , Spina Noemi , Tutone Marco , Vanella Rosaria , Federico Antonino , Giarratano Antonino , Cortegiani Andrea 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe here describe a rare case of a 26‐year‐old male patient, presenting to our hospital after a motorcycle–car accident for the surgical management of long‐bone fractures to the tibia and femur and shoulder dislocation and undergoing orthopedic surgery, who postoperatively developed seizure, coma, and respiratory failure due to a cerebral fat embolism. After some hours after the surgery, a loss of consciousness was described by caregivers, and the ICU team was alerted, and the patient was admitted to ICU. Intracranial hemorrhage and stroke were subsequently excluded and, finally, a whole‐body computed tomography angiography scan and head magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions consistent with cerebral fat embolism. Patent foramen ovale was then suspected by contrasted echocardiography. An early diagnosis helped to choose the correct management, with early tracheostomy, and to correctly interpret and manage hemodynamic dysregulations. Overall, the care provided lead to positive long‐term outcomes, as the patient was discharged alive and successfully completed neurological rehabilitation, regaining many functional abilities. The initial management, diagnostic pathway, and ICU management are here described.
An Act of Auto‐Eroticism: Self‐Urethral Insertion of Sewing Needle by an Old Man—A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Ali Rao Nouman , Irfan Sohaib , Irfan Wajiha , Raza Muhammad Asif , Anwaar Adeel , Karamat Riyan Imtiaz , Akilimali Aymar , Arain Inam Ul Haq 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSelf‐insertion of foreign bodies into the urethra is uncommon and is often associated with complex psychological or behavioral factors. Many cases of foreign bodies in the urethra have been reported worldwide with variable complaints of penile pain, penile itching, dysuria, hematuria, and complete obstruction of urine. These foreign objects are managed to remove according to their size, complexity of shape, and location in the urethra. We report a case of a self‐inserted sewing needle in the urethra by an old man during an act of achieving sexual gratification, which was removed through an endoscopic approach by cystoscopy, along with a literature review. This is the fourth reported case of auto‐eroticism in which a sewing needle was used to achieve sexual pleasure, making this case report a rare one.
Short Root Anomaly and Transverse Hemimelia: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Mazinis Emmanuel , Thomaidis Vasilios 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA case of Short Root Anomaly (SRA), hypodontia and taurodontism with the associated finding of transverse hemimelia, is presented. Although there is no documented evidence of a link between SRA and hemimelia, the shared genetic, environmental and metabolic factors suggest the possibility of a common underlying mechanism.
CO2‐Promoted Reactions: A Prosperous Strategy for Conversion of Functional Group in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to its nontoxic nature, cost‐effectiveness, and natural abundance, carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasingly recognized as a valuable C1 source in organic synthesis. In addition to the building block for molecular construction, the role of CO2 as a promoter or catalyst to enhance reaction rates and selectivity is gaining attention. Acting as a reversible covalent Lewis acid, CO2 can function as an activating group in the transformation of various compounds, such as alcohols and amines, facilitating the dissociation of hydroxyl or activation of amino. It can also modulate the reactivity of nucleophilic reagents, including H2O, N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), cyanide (CN), and nucleophilic reductants like borohydride (BH4−). When CO2 interacts with these nucleophiles, it can exhibit Brønsted acidity or hydrogen‐bond donating capabilities and can also act as a coordinating ligand to transition metals in its carboxylate form (─CO2−). In this review, we mainly summarize and classify the synthetic applications and mechanistic insights of CO2‐promoted reactions according to different functional groups and bonding types, which include CO2‐promoted functional transformation of alcohols, CO2‐promoted functional transformation of amines; CO2‐promoted reactions in protic solvent; CO2‐promoted reactions via adducts of CO2 and nucleophiles, CO2‐promoted reductive reaction.
Base‐Free Synthesis of S‐Alkyl Isothioureas Through Ring‐Opening Reaction of Sulfonium Salts with Isothiocyanates and Amines
Authors: Qian Cun‐Wei , Xiang Wei , Gu Meng‐Qing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA convenient and base‐free three‐component reaction has been developed for the synthesis of S‐alkyl substituted isothioureas from cyclic sulfonium salts, isothiocyanates, and amines. This protocol provides an alternative avenue to access a series of S‐alkyl substituted isothioureas in moderate to good yields through ring‐opening reaction of aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl sulfonium salts. The present strategy features operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, gram‐scale synthesis and high reaction efficiency.
A new design of predictive plus PID control for second order plus time delay systems
Authors: Hu Chonggao , Bai Jianjun , Zou Hongbo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes two novel predictive proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers for second‐order non‐self‐balance systems and self‐balance systems with time delays. For second‐order non‐self‐balance systems with time delays, traditional predictive PID controllers suffer from the drawback of failing to return to the setpoint after disturbances. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel double predictive PID controller, termed PPI‐PPD controller, which consists of an inner‐loop predictive PD controller and an outer‐loop predictive PI controller. In second‐order self‐balance systems encountered in practical chemical processes, time delays can lead to longer adjustment times, increased overshoot, and divergence issues. In order to solve these problems, an improved predictive PID (PPID) controller is proposed in this paper, which introduces a compensation link and an anti‐interference link in the traditional predictive PID controller. This enhancement improves the dynamic response and disturbance resistance of the control system. Simulation results demonstrate that both novel predictive PID controllers exhibit excellent control performance and robustness.
Debittering and Improving Flavour of Enzymatic Soy Protein Hydrolysate Using the Maillard Reaction of Arabinose
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Qingqing , He Jinxin , Wang Xuan , Pei Zhaoyang , Xie Jianchun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe optimum reaction conditions (temperature 95°C, pH 6.5, time 70 min and cysteine 0.2 g) and significant influence factors were found by response surface model (RSM) experimentation to reduce bitterness and increase overall acceptability of soybean protein hydrolysate (SPH) using the Maillard reaction of arabinose. Three reaction products of different response values and sensory profiles were selected to be investigated further. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and UV 294 and 420 nm analyses revealed their different extents of the Maillard reaction. Partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) for free amino acids and molecular weight distribution and aroma compounds versus the used reaction conditions of the three samples suggested that reaction conditions of higher pH plus less Cys could cause more bitter amino acids (Leu, Val) and 500–1000 Da peptides, while those of more cysteine plus longer times under low temperatures benefitted formation of the umami amino acid of glutamic acid and > 1000 Da peptides. In particular, the reaction conditions of higher temperatures and more cysteine would generate more volatile compounds with roasted and meaty aromas unfavourable for overall acceptability. Furthermore, Pearson coefficient analysis revealed the key taste and aroma components and exposed that the fatty and caramel aromas contributed positively to overall acceptability. This study can provide references for debittering and improving the flavour of SPH.
Track‐Weighted Dynamic Functional Connectivity Profiles and Topographic Organization of the Human Pulvinar
Authors: Basile Gianpaolo Antonio , Quartarone Angelo , Cerasa Antonio , Ielo Augusto , Bonanno Lilla , Bertino Salvatore , Rizzo Giuseppina , Milardi Demetrio , Anastasi Giuseppe Pio , Saranathan Manojkumar , Cacciola Alberto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe human pulvinar is considered a prototypical associative thalamic nucleus as it represents a key node in several cortico‐subcortical networks. Through this extensive connectivity to widespread brain areas, it has been suggested that the pulvinar may play a central role in modulating cortical oscillatory dynamics of complex cognitive and executive functions. Additionally, derangements of pulvinar activity are involved in different neuropsychiatric conditions including Lewy‐body disease, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Anatomical investigations in nonhuman primates have demonstrated a topographical organization of cortico‐pulvinar connectivity along its dorsoventral and rostrocaudal axes; this specific organization shows only partial overlap with the traditional subdivision into subnuclei (anterior, lateral, medial, and inferior) and is thought to coordinate information processing within specific brain networks. However, despite its relevance in mediating higher‐order cognitive functions, such a structural and functional organization of the pulvinar in the human brain remains poorly understood. Track‐weighted dynamic functional connectivity (tw‐dFC) is a recently developed technique that combines structural and dynamic functional connectivity, allowing the identification of white matter pathways underlying the fluctuations observed in functional connectivity between brain regions over time. Herein, we applied a data‐driven parcellation approach to reveal topographically organized connectivity clusters within the human pulvinar complex, in two large cohorts of healthy human subjects. Unsupervised clustering of tw‐dFC time series within the pulvinar complex revealed dorsomedial, dorsolateral, ventral anterior, and ventral posterior connectivity clusters. Each of these clusters shows functional coupling to specific, widespread cortico‐subcortical white matter brain networks. Altogether, our findings represent a relevant step towards a better understanding of pulvinar anatomy and function, and a detailed characterization of his role in healthy and pathological conditions.
A case of choroidal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma significantly reduced by radiotherapy
Authors: Kanazawa Koichiro , Oishi Shinnosuke , Sakamoto Akihiko , Tanabe Kuniaki , Sugiyama Kazutaka , Matsumoto Akihiko , Arakawa Akari , Matsunaga Hiromi , Harada Takafumi , Kume Haruki 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionChoroidal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is relatively rare and unresponsive to systemic treatment.Case presentationA man in his eighties with left renal cell carcinoma and pulmonary metastasis developed visual impairment in the left eye during primary treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab followed by secondary treatment with cabozantinib. Consultation with an ophthalmologist revealed choroidal metastasis, which was subsequently treated with local radiotherapy (3 Gy × 10 Fr), resulting in a significant reduction in the metastatic lesions.ConclusionIf visual impairment arises while treating renal cell carcinoma, it is essential to consider the possibility of intraocular metastasis. In terms of treatment, local therapies such as radiotherapy should be taken into consideration.
Pulmonary MRI in Newborns and Children
Authors: Stewart Neil J. , Higano Nara S. , Wucherpfennig Lena , Triphan Simon M.F. , Simmons Amy , Smith Laurie J. , Wielpütz Mark O. , Woods Jason C. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: December 2024

Lung MRI is an important tool in the assessment and monitoring of pediatric and neonatal lung disorders. MRI can provide both similar and complementary image contrast to computed tomography for imaging the lung macrostructure, and beyond this, a number of techniques have been developed for imaging the key functions of the lungs, namely ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange, through the use of free‐breathing proton and hyperpolarized gas MRI. Here, we review the state‐of‐the‐art in MRI methods that have found utility in pediatric and neonatal lung imaging, the structural and physiological information that can be gleaned from such images, and strategies that have been developed to deal with respiratory (and cardiac) motion, and other technological challenges. The application of lung MRI in neonatal and pediatric lung conditions, in particular bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, and asthma, is reviewed, highlighting our collective experiences in the clinical translation of these methods and technology, and the key current and future potential avenues for clinical utility of this methodology.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Assessment of Historical and Future Mean and Extreme Precipitation Over Sub‐Saharan Africa Using NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6: Part I—Evaluation of Historical Simulation
Authors: Samuel Sydney , Mengistu Tsidu Gizaw , Dosio Alessandro , Mphale Kgakgamatso 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the performance of 28 NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Climate Projections (NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6) models and their multi‐model ensemble (MME) in simulating mean and extreme precipitation across sub‐Saharan Africa from 1985 to 2014. The Multi‐Source Weighted‐Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) are used as reference datasets. Various statistical metrics such as the mean bias (MB), spatial correlation coefficients (SCCs), Taylor skill scores (TSS) and comprehensive ranking index (CRI) are employed to evaluate the performance of NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6 models at both annual and seasonal scales. Results show that the NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6 can reproduce the observed annual precipitation cycle in all the subregions, with the model spread within observational uncertainties. The MME also successfully reproduces the spatial distribution of mean precipitation, achieving SCCs and TSSs greater than 0.8 across all subregions. The biases in mean precipitation are consistent across different reference datasets. However, most of the NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6 models show trends of mean precipitation opposite to observations. While the MME can generally reproduce the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation, its performance varies with the reference dataset, particularly for the number of rainy days (RR1) and maximum consecutive dry days (CDD). TSS values for extreme precipitation indices differ significantly by region, reference data and index, with the lowest values over South Central Africa and the highest over West Southern Africa. The CRI indicates that no single model consistently outperforms others across all subregions, even within the same region, when compared to both MSWEP and CHIRPS. These results may be helpful when using NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6 models for future projections and impact assessment studies in sub‐Saharan Africa.