bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead (Pb) Level of Fresh and Smoked Mackerel Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Tuban, Indonesia
Authors: Megasari M , Wahyono P , Latifa R , Waluyo L , Fauzi A , Setyawan D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal compound that can contaminate fish and pose health risks to humans. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of Pb from fresh and smoked mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) sold in Tuban, Indonesia. Mackerel samples were obtained from fish sellers along the highway of Karangsari village, Tuban district, Tuban, Indonesia. The determination of Pb content in mackerel body was carried out through the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) characterization following with the guidelines of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) year 2011. The research data showed that the range of Pb levels on both fresh fish (0.33 - 14.41 mg/kg) and smoked fish (1.30 - 22.20 mg/kg) exceeds the threshold set by SNI No. 7387 the year 2009. The results of the Mann-Whitney test indicated that Pb level in smoked fish (Mdn = 19.05) was not significantly greater than fresh fish (Mdn = 12.13), U = 50.00, p = 0.219. Pb levels of mackerel tuna that were above the permissible levels indicate a health risk if the fish is consumed by humans. Monitoring and decision making by the Indonesian government needs to be conducted to overcome Pb contamination that occurs in the sea of Tuban.
Carbon Stock Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystems in Paliat Island Sumenep East Java
Authors: Hidayah Zainul , Andriyani Lisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mangroves have important roles in the coastal environment. They enrich coastal waters with nutrient, protect coastlines from abrasion and sea level rise as well as support coastal fisheries. Another function of mangroves that are less known is their role in carbon (C) sequestration and storage. Previous studies reveal that mangrove forests contain some of the highest carbon stocks per unit area compared to other forest types. However, that information is not widely available, particularly in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine distribution and community structure of mangroves ecosystem and to estimate carbon stock stored in the mangrove forest of Paliat Island Sumenep East Java. The data collection was conducted on the island, starting from July to September 2017 using harvesting sampling method. Furthermore, to discriminate carbon stock from different parts of mangrove vegetation, One Way ANOVA statistical analysis was employed. The results showed that there were 4 dominant mangrove species on the island namely Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata. The total mangrove biomass of the study area was approximately 21.59 ton/Ha with an estimated carbon stock around 10.80 ton/Ha. Further analysis explained that there was a significant difference in carbon stock between various parts of mangrove vegetation (One Way ANOVA, F = 220, df1=4, df2=85, p<0.05).
The Composition and Important Value Index of Trees for Wildlife Feed in Bacan Island, South Halmahera
Authors: Tolangara Abdulrasyid , Ahmad Hasna , Liline Sintje 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Forests provide protection, food, and habitats for wild animals such as monkeys, birds, bats, squirrels, and weasels that depend on the fruits and seeds from the trees. Due to human’s activities, the functions of the forest in Bacan Island have decreased significantly in terms of numbers, kinds, and important value index. Local people have conversed forests into agricultural lands. As a result, the existence of natural resources especially trees, which supply nutrients for wild animals such as monkeys, birds, bats, squirrels and weasels, is being threatened. The current study aimed to investigate the composition and important value index of every type of plants used for wildlife feed. An inventory method was employed in plots of 20 m × 20 m for tree-level observation. This method would be useful to obtain the list of plant composition for wildlife feed and to determine some vegetation parameters including the density, domination, frequency, and important value index of the plants. This research showed that Duobanga moluccana, Drancontomelon dao, Bacacaurea anguilata Merr, Theobroma cacao, Mangifera indica, Canarium casferum, Myristica fatua and Myristica sperciosa are the composition of plants that could supply nutrients for the wild animals. The highest important value index (IVI) (52.78%) was observed in Drancontomelon dao. Medium IVI which ranged from (31.47-44.42%) was reported by Duobanga moluccana, Bacacaurea anguilata Merr, Theobroma cacao, Canarium casferum, Myristica fatua and Myristica sperciosa. Meanwhile, the lowest IVI (29.52%) was found in Mangifera indica.
Characterization of Cocoa Pulp (Theobroma cacao L) from South Halmahera as an Alternative Feedstock for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Roini Chumidach , Asbirayani Limatahu Nur , Mulya Hartati Tri , Sundari  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
South Halmahera is one of the cocoa-producing centers in North Maluku, but the pulp of cocoa is less noticed and assumed to be not important in commercial purpose and is largely disposed as agroindustry residue. This study aimed to characterize the cocoa pulp from southern Halmahera for bioethanol production. Survey and observation methods were conducted to obtain bioethanol feedstock from cocoa pulp. Cocoa pulps mucilage is a waste that can be processed into bioethanol products with high economic value. The results of this study indicated that theaverage of 100kg of cocoa beans produced 5-8 litters of mucilage juice residues. The results of this study indicated that cocoa pulp from southern Halmahera had the optimum time for the fermentation process for 12 days. The level of alcohol produced by fermentation was 4.85%, and this level was a low category.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetite Nanoparticles Combined with Polyaniline and Activated Carbon
Authors: Intan Subadra ST. Ulfawanti , Sutiami Rita , Taufiq Ahmad , Diantoro Markus , Sunaryono  , Arif  , Hidayat  , Mufti Nandang , Hidayat Nurul , Susanto Hendra , Ari Adi Wisnu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we report the preparation of magnetite nanoparticles combined with polyaniline and activated carbon. The results of the X-Ray diffraction data analysis showed that the samples had a magnetite crystal phase without other phases. The existence of polyaniline and activated carbon was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization shown by the presence of S=O, C-N, and C-C. The sample of synthesis results in this work had the band gap of 3.23 eV. Moreover, the results of data analysis using vector network analyzer revealed the maximum reflection loss value of -14 with the absorbance of 50%. Thereby, the synthesis optimization needs to be done to increase the sample absorbance to the radar wave.
Pollution of Pb Metal on Soil at Burned Forest Areas at Baluran National Park-East Java Indonesia.
Authors: Suhadi  , Sueb  , Wedhanto Sonny 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Burned Forest at Baluran Nasional Park occurs almost every year, especially the peak of the dry season. Forest fires cause soil nutrients on the surface and in the soil decrease in both quantity and quality; thus, affecting plant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the contents of Pb metal in the soil in areas that burned and non-burned areas. The method used was a purposive sampling area. In each of the same stands were taken 5 soil samples with different coordinate points and considered as one sample. The sampling obtained up to 10 points which are considered as replications. The results of research were from the soil taken at National Park Baluran the area burned with areas that have never been burned with a repetition of 10 times. It can be concluded that the Pb contents on the soil in the burned area and not burned areas significantly differ.
The Effects of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extract to Decreasing Profile Population of CD4+ and CD8+ Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Induced Mice
Authors: Imroatul Maslikah Siti , Wulandari Nuning , Rahayu Lestari Sri , Nur Arifah Siti 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the autoimmune diseases resulted by oxidative stress. Red betel leaves (Piper crocatum) with a high content of flavonoid are expected to function as antioxidant and to reduce inflammation. This research aimed to identify the effects of red betel leaf extract on the amount of the CD4+ and CD8+ cells. 24 male Swiss mice, aged eight 8 weeks, with the weight of 27±3 g. 20 mice induced-RA were made by injecting 0.01 mL Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) by intraperitoneal; after seven days, they were then boostered by injecting 0.03 mL of Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA) into the forelimbs. The animals were divided into six groups: normal, RA (C-), RA+aspirin (C+), RA+red betel leaf extract 100 mg/kg BW (T1), RA+red betel leaf extract 200 mg/kg BW (T2), and RA+leaf extract red betel nut 400 mg/kg BW (T3). The animals were given treatment for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed, and the removed lymphocyte cells were isolated to measure the number of the CD4+ and CD8+ using Flow-cytometry. The results of this research showed that red betel leaf extract was significantly different to decreasing the amount of the CD4+ cells, but it was not significantly different to reducing the amount of CD8+ cells. The effective dosage in this research was 200 mg/kg BW.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Nikmah Ainun , Taufiq Ahmad , Hidayat Arif 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized using the Stöber method. X-ray diffraction data analysis showed the addition of SiO2 changed the diffraction pattern peak which represented the existence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles. Based on the elemental analysis, it can be seen that Si compositions on the samples were 14.7 % (S1), 19.8% (S2), and 20.4% (S3). It strengthens the existence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles on the sample. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum showed that Fe3O4 and SiO2 molecular functional groups were recorded at the wavenumber of 548 cm−1 with Fe-O-Si bond. Furthermore, Fe-O bond was recorded at the wavenumber of 461 cm−1. Meanwhile, Si-O-Si and Si-O bonds were detected at the wavenumbers of 1102 cm−1 and 949 cm−1 respectively. Furthermore, the data from UV-Vis characterization presented the peak shifted towards a higher angle of the wavelength which indicated that there is a phenomenon of changes in band gap particle size along with increased content of SiO2.
The Quality of Ettawa Crossbreed Sperm: The Treatment with a Combination of Cryoprotectant in Tris Diluents
Authors: Cahya Prastya Rini Dwi , Zaenab Siti , Hadi Samsun , Jaya Miharja Fuad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The formation of ice crystals easily damages the sperm of goats during the freezing process. This study aimed to determine the optimum treatment of cryoprotectant DMSO, glycerol, and a combination of DMSO with glycerol in Tris-egg yolk diluents to maintain the quality of frozen sperm of ettawa breeds. This study used four male goats of which semen was collected twice a week using an artificial vagina. The independent variables in this study were 6% DMSO, 6% glycerol, and a combination of 3% DMSO: 3% glycerol, negative control (without treatment), and positive control (7% glycerol). The sperm quality parameters include motility, viability, and abnormalities. Data collection techniques used observation techniques before and after freezing. The data were tested statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that the combination treatment of 3% DMSO: 3% glycerol produced significant motility, viability, and abnormalities (P <0.05) compared to other treatments. These results indicated that the addition of a combination of DMSO and glycerol in egg yolk thinners successfully protected sperm from various stresses during the cryopreservation process to maintain the sperm quality.
Water Resources Management and Its Correlation with the Availability of Clean Water in Malang
Authors: Putri P D , Pramasela A D , Fachrezi G F , Sueb  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Despite its water resources potential, Indonesia is known for poorly managing its water resources. The purpose of the research was to know the correlation between human activities regarding water resources management and the availability of clean water in Malang City. The research method was quantitative analytical research using Spearmen correlation and n = 100. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between water resource management and availability of clean water, which was statistically significant. We suggested for the people around Malang that they need to consider the amount of water they need to use so that the water would not be wasted and there needs to be a better sewage treatment for liquid waste in Malang City.
The Atherogenic Index of Plasma Treated with Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Maryanto Sugeng , Marsono Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Red guava contains fiber especially high soluble fiber (pectin). Soluble fiber in the body is hypocholesterolemia. This research aimed to know the effect of administering red guava on AIP (Atherogenic Index of Plasma) in hypocholesterolemia rats. This research was a pure experiment using the design of randomized pretest-posttest control group design to Sprague Dawley rats made into hypocholesterolemia. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1 given standard food, group 2, 3, and 4 given high cholesterol food. Group 3 and 4 were added with red guava powder as many as 0.72 g and pectin equal to the one in red guava powder. Lipid profile was checked by using Enzymatic Colorimetric Test CHOP-PAP and GPO-PAP including the rate of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. AIP was counted based on log (TG/HDL). The data analysis used t-test and ANOVA with a 0.05 significance level. The administration of red guava in hypocholesterolemia rats was significantly proven to be able to lower lipid profile by lowering total cholesterol (32%), LDL (43%), triglycerides (18%),and by increasing HDL (18%). These results were similar to the decrease by administering pectin as many as 32%, 47%, and 20% respectively. The results of counting AIP showed that the administration of red guava and pectin could lower AIP score significantly as many as 0.16 and 0.17 respectively which increased in the groups getting high cholesterol food. The administration of red guava in hypocholesterolemia rats was proven to be able to lower AIP.
Development of Scale for Knowledge Test and Questionnaire Behavior of Prevention HIV/AIDS Student College in Surabaya City
Authors: Zulina Zahra , Sueb  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Questionnaire and Knowledge Test are a research instruments that can be used to find out information about the epidemiology study on HIV/AIDS in Surabaya city. The latest report shows an increase in HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia with the highest incidence in East Java amounting to 1,614 people and dominated by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for HIV/AIDS prevention behavior questionnaire and knowledge Test to reduce HIV / AIDS transmission among teenagers in Surabaya city. The methods used follow the Environmental attitude scale (EAS) by testing the validity, reliability, and factor analysis of each variable item. Cronbach α questionnaire reliability (0.904) is a very good category, KMO and Bartlett’s Test (0.822) a total of 7 valid variables. Reliability Test Alpha Cronbach for knowledge test (0.702) with the good category, KMO and Bartlett’s Test (0.822) a total of 6 items of valid variables. Instrument valid can be tested. The result of UINSA Student prevention behavior on HIV / AIDS is categorized as “poor” and knowledge of HIV/AIDS is categorized as “Good enough.”
Does Propolis Extract Alleviate Male Reproductive Performance Through Gonadotropic Hormone Levels and Sperm Quality?
Authors: Handayani Nursasi , Gofur Abdul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, the exploration of natural substances as an antifertility agent is the new paradigm in controlling the production and physiological performance of male and female germ cells. Natural antifertility agents have fewer side effects compared to chemical synthetic antifertility. Among that, the propolis extract was improved the reproductive performance through increasing sperm and male gonadotropic hormone activity. However, the discrepancy remains. Even though the action of testosterone has an essential role during spermatogenesis. However, the higher level of this hormone was also suggested to correlate with infertility. Thus, the circulating testosterone levels can be used as an additional parameter for monitoring reproductive system disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Propolis extract on testosterone hormone levels of Balb C mice (Mus musculus). Male Balb C strain mice (Mus musculus) with age of 10-12 weeks and weight of 25-29 g were used. There were six kinds of treatments were approved, including a control group and five serial dilutions of the propolis extract (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% ). The propolis extract was given peroral for 18 days. Mice were dissected on the 19th day, and its blood was taken to count the levels of testosterone. The quantification of circulating testosterone levels was carried out by using the ELISA test. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and followed by LSD test. Testosterone level began to increase at 10% concentrations of propolis extract. It can be concluded that Propolis Extract can increase testosterone levels. Thus, it is expected to serve as a potential male anti-fertility agent.
Morphology of Magnetic Minerals and Magnetic Susceptibility of Volcanic Ash from 2010 Eruption of Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Zulaikah S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The composition, morphology and magnetic susceptibility of the volcanic ash samples of Merapi volcano have been tested. The composition of elements in the samples was determined using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), magnetic minerals morphology was determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and magnetic susceptibility was determined using Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility meter MS2B. There are about 17 elements found in volcanic ash, with the largest percentage being silica (Si), which is around 45%; iron (Fe) element have a concentration of around 16% and aluminum (Al) around 12%. Meanwhile, other elements are in very low concentration. If it is used to track events related to the dynamics of the earth, that three elements can be used as proxy data. Based on the composition of Merapi volcanic ash, it is possible that the existing of magnetic minerals are dominated by iron titanium oxide. The size and shape of magnetic minerals are very diverse, ranging in size from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Meanwhile, the surface of the magnetic mineral also appears not smooth or porous. This condition is thought to occur due to heat with very high temperatures regarding magnetic minerals before and during the eruptions. Magnetic susceptibility measured at low frequency is in the range of 10 × 10−6 m3/kg for extract samples and 2200 × 10−6 m3/kg for non-extracted samples.
Identification of Nanostructural and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Miftachul Chusna Nadiya , Sunaryono  , Hidayat Samsul , Hidayat Nurul , Mufti Nandang , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The nanoparticles are the basic components in the fabrication of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag composites which have been synthesized using the chemical reduction method. To investigate the nanostructure, morphology, functional group, and specific absorption rate (SAR) value of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 nanoparticles and Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag composites, material has been characterized using XRD, TEM, FTIR, and magneto-thermal instruments respectively. The XRD pattern showed that Mn had been successfully substituted well in the Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 nanoparticles indicated by the shift of diffraction peak towards the smaller angle of 2θ. Through Rietica analysis, the crystal sizes of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 and Ag nanoparticles were 5.40 nm and 8.05 nm respectively. This result was confirmed well by TEM characteristics which showed that the average size of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 and Ag particles as much as 5.03 nm and 8.74 nm respectively. The success of Ag nanoparticle in Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag composites was from the distribution of Fe-O and amine functional groups which were the representation of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 and Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles were relatively effective in increasing the SAR value of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag composites of 0.19 W/g (without Ag) into 0.21 W/g (with 0.2 g Ag).
Prevalence and Bacteria Associated with White Band Disease on Acropora sp. from Gili Labak Island Sumenep District Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha W A , Handoko A , Insafitri  , Effendy M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Coral reefs have many problems including coral diseases. One of the coral diseases that infect Acropora sp. from Gili Labak Island is the White Band Disease (WBD). Their prevalence and bacteria associated with the WBD on Acropora sp. is warranted further investigation. This study aims to determine the disease prevalence and bacteria associated with WBD on Acropora sp. from the Gili Labak Island. The samples were collected from coral infected. The laboratory analysis includes bacterial isolation, DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the disease prevalences of WBD on Acropora sp. were between 0 to 23%, in which the highest prevalence was found in the site where marine tourism activities and boat mooring occurred. Four bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological features. These four isolates were then analyzed using the Mega 5.2 program and resulted in a complete nucleotide sequence and had similarities to the bacteria present in the Gen Bank through BLAST analysis. The result of BLAST analysis showed that ACWB2A isolate had 99% similarity with Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria; ACWB 6 had 99% similarity with Vibrio owensii; and isolates 5 and 8 had 99% similarity with Pseudoalteromonas rubra bacteria. These are the first record that Pseudoalteromonas rubra bacterium is associated with White Band Disease.