bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimization of Catalyst Loading on Regenerative Fuel Cell Positive Electrodes Based on Titanium Felts using Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Schlicht Stefanie , Barr Maïssa K. S. , Wu Mingjian , Hoppe Paula , Spiecker Erdmann , Peukert Wolfgang , Bachmann Julien 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present the preparation and electrochemical analysis of a novel type of positive regenerative fuel cell electrode based on commercially available Ti felts with a Pt/Ir catalyst. Anodic oxidation of the Ti felts leads to the formation of a TiO2nanotube layer. The high specific surface area allows for a particularly efficient utilization of the noble metal catalyst. Its loading in the nanoporous system is controlled accurately and minimized systematically by atomic layer deposition. The electrochemical activity towards water splitting of both metals is investigated in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry and steady‐state electrolysis for various catalyst loadings. An optimal oxygen evolution reaction is found for a catalyst loading of 76 μg cm−2resulting in a mass activity of 345 A g−1atη=0.47 V, whereas the simultaneous presence of Pt at the surface is demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by the high activity observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and Fouling Phenomena: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamedi Hamideh , Ehteshami Majid , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad , Rasouli Seyed Abbas , Zendehboudi Sohrab 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment around the world due to their advantages, which include higher efficiency, smaller footprint, and lower sludge production over other conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. However, membrane fouling that results from physicochemical interactions between the membrane and the components of the mixed liquor still remains the most challenging matter preventing the broad application of MBR technology. Recently, a considerable number of experimental and modelling investigations have been conducted concerning MBRs and membrane fouling. Despite the development of low‐fouling membrane systems, more research and engineering activities with a focus on surface modification, wastewater specifications, pre‐treatment and treatment conditions, and efficient fouling control and remedy strategies are still needed to minimize the probability of the occurrence of fouling. It is vital to investigate important aspects of the characterization and mechanisms of the fouling phenomenon to find reliable and long‐term solutions. This review provides a detailed survey of the main aspects of the MBR processes, configurations, advantages and disadvantages, fouling phenomenon, and fouling control strategies in MBRs. Past research and engineering activities in this area are critically reviewed such that pros and cons of recent developments in fouling inhibition and mitigation approaches are also discussed. The main practical and theoretical challenges for the effective utilization of MBRs in various municipal and industrial sectors are then addressed. At the end, we offer useful practical guidelines and recommendations for the better design and operation of MBRs in industrial and public communities.
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of TPM transcripts and proteins in developing striated chicken muscles indicate TPM4α is the major sarcomeric cardiac tropomyosin from early embryonic life to adulthood
Authors: Dube Dipak K. , Dube Syamalima , Shrestha Runa , Abbott Lynn , Randhawa Samender , Muthu Vasundhara , Fan Yingli , Wang Jushuo , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. , Poiesz Bernard J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe chicken has been used since the 1980s as an animal model for developmental studies regarding tropomyosin isoform diversity in striated muscles, however, the pattern of expression of transcripts as well as the corresponding TPM proteins of various tropomyosin isoforms in avian hearts are not well documented. In this study, using conventional and qRT‐PCR, we report the expression of transcripts for various sarcomeric TPM isoforms in striated muscles through development. Transcripts of both TPM1α and TPM1κ, the two sarcomeric isoforms of the TPM1 gene, are expressed in embryonic chicken hearts but disappear in post hatch stages. TPM1α transcripts are expressed in embryonic and adult skeletal muscle. The sarcomeric isoform of the TPM2 gene is expressed mostly in embryonic skeletal muscles. As reported earlier, TPM3α is expressed in embryonic heart and skeletal muscle but significantly lower in adult striated muscle. TPM4α transcripts are expressed from embryonic to adult chicken hearts but not in skeletal muscle. Our 2D Western blot analyses using CH1 monoclonal antibody followed by mass spectra evaluations found TPM4α protein is the major sarcomeric tropomysin expressed in embryonic chicken hearts. However, in 7‐day‐old embryonic hearts, a minute quantity of TPM1α or TPM1κ is also expressed. This finding suggests that sarcomeric TPM1 protein may play some important role in cardiac contractility and/or cardiac morphogenesis during embryogenesis. Since only the transcripts of TPM4α are expressed in adult chicken hearts, it is logical to presume that TPM4α is the only sarcomeric TPM protein produced in adult cardiac tissues.
Risk of malignancy in pancreatic cysts with cytology of high‐grade epithelial atypia
Authors: Hoda Raza S. , Lu Ree , Arpin Ronald N. , Rosenbaum Matthew W. , Pitman Martha B. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe risk of malignancy is weighed against the attendant risks of surgery in the clinical management of pancreatic cysts. The latter are a group of histologically diverse and prognostically variable entities, and the risk of malignancy therein is primarily based on imaging characteristics—with or without high‐grade atypia. Cytologic criteria for high‐grade atypia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms have recently been defined, and its recognition in all pancreatic cysts may help to guide management.MethodsAll patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine‐needle aspiration for a pancreatic cyst at Massachusetts General Hospital from June 2015 to October 2016 were prospectively evaluated. Clinical data, radiographic impressions, biochemical analyses, and cytologic diagnoses of 118 pancreatic cyst fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens from 106 patients were reviewed. Clinical and radiologic data were used as follow‐up for 86 patients, and histology was obtained in 20 cases. Cysts were classified by imaging as high‐risk, worrisome, or low‐risk as defined by the 2012 Fukuoka consensus guidelines. Cytology was categorized as low‐grade or high‐grade. Malignant histology included mucinous cysts with high‐grade dysplasia, invasive adenocarcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was determined by histological outcome.ResultsThe presence of high‐grade cytology (P < .01) was the only statistically significant predictor of malignancy and was 89% sensitive and 98% specific for malignancy. The positive predictive value (ie, ROM) of high‐grade atypia on cytology was 80%.ConclusionsHigh‐grade atypia is both sensitive and specific for identifying high‐risk pancreatic cysts and is associated with a high risk of malignancy, and thus resection is warranted.
The nucleus pretectalis principalis: A pretectal structure hidden in the mammalian thalamus
Authors: Deichler Alfonso , Carrasco Denisse , Gonzalez‐Cabrera Cristian , Letelier Juan C. , Marín Gonzalo , Mpodozis Jorge 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA defining feature of the amniote tecto‐fugal visual pathway is a massive bilateral projection to the thalamus originating from a distinct neuronal population, tectal ganglion cells (TGCs), of the optic tectum/superior colliculus (TeO/SC). In sauropsids, the thalamic target of the tecto‐fugal pathway is the nucleus rotundus thalami (Rt). TGCs axons collateralize en route to Rt to target the nucleus pretectalis principalis (PT), which in turn gives rise to bilateral projection to the TeO. In rodents, the thalamic target of these TGCs afferents is the caudal division of the pulvinar complex (PulC). No pretectal structures in receipt of TGC collaterals have been described in this group. However, Baldwin et al. (Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2011;519(6):1071–1094) reported in the squirrel a feedback projection from the PulC to the SC. Pulvino‐tectal (Pul‐T) cells lie at the caudal pole of the PulC, intermingled with the axonal terminals of TGCs. Here, by performing a combination of neuronal tracing, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization, we characterized the pattern of projections, neurochemical profile, and genoarchitecture of Pul‐T cells in the diurnal Chilean rodent Octodon degus. We found that Pul‐T neurons exhibit pretectal, but not thalamic, genoarchitectonical markers, as well as hodological and neurochemical properties that match specifically those of the avian nucleus PT. Thus, we propose that Pul‐T cells constitute a pretectal cell population hidden within the dorsal thalamus of mammals. Our results solve the oddity entailed by the apparent existence of a noncanonic descending sensory thalamic projection and further stress the conservative character of the tectofugal pathway.
Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Gedatolisib in Healthy Male Volunteers After a Single Intravenous Infusion
Authors: Houk Brett E. , Alvey Christine W. , Visswanathan Ravi , Kirkovsky Leonid , Matschke Kyle T. , Kimoto Emi , Ryder Tim , Obach R. Scott , Durairaj Chandrasekar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this open‐label study (NCT02142920), we investigated the distribution, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the pan‐class‐I isoform phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor gedatolisib (PF‐05212384), following a single intravenous administration in healthy male subjects. A single, 89‐mg, intravenous dose of gedatolisib was associated with a favorable safety profile in the 6 healthy subjects evaluated. Peak plasma concentrations for unchanged gedatolisib and total radioactivity were observed at the end of the 30‐minute infusion. The only observed drug‐related material in plasma was the parent drug, gedatolisib. Terminal half‐life for plasma gedatolisib was ∼37 hours. Following the dose, 66%–73% of drug‐related material was recovered in the feces. Metabolism of gedatolisib was trace; only 1 oxidative metabolite, M5, was identified in feces (<1% of total dose). Identification of gedatolisib in feces suggests that biliary and/or intestinal secretion of unchanged parent drug significantly contributes to gedatolisib clearance.
Human in vivo metabolism study of LGD‐4033
Authors: Fragkaki Argyro G. , Sakellariou Panagiotis , Kiousi Polyxeni , Kioukia‐Fougia Nassia , Tsivou Maria , Petrou Michael , Angelis Yiannis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are an emerging class of therapeutics targeted to cachexia, sarcopenia, and hypogonadism treatment. LGD‐4033 is a SARM which has been included on the Prohibited List annually released by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The aim of the present work was the investigation of the metabolism of LGD‐4033 in a human excretion study after administration of an LGD‐4033 supplement, the determination of the metabolites' excretion profiles with special interest in the determination of its long‐term metabolites, and the comparison of the excretion time of the phase I and phase II metabolites. The results were also compared to those derived from previous LGD‐4033 studies concerning both in vitro and in vivo experiments.Supplement containing LGD‐4033 was administered to one human male volunteer and urine samples were collected up to almost 21 days. Analysis of the hydrolyzed (with β‐glucuronidase) as well as of the non‐hydrolyzed samples was performed using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) in negative ionization mode and revealed that, in both cases, the two isomers of the dihydroxylated metabolite (M5) were preferred target metabolites. The gluco‐conjugated parent LGD‐4033 and its gluco‐conjugated metabolites M1 and M2 can be also considered as useful target analytes in non‐hydrolyzed samples. The study also presents two trihydroxylated metabolites (M6) identified for the first time in human urine; one of them was recently reported in an LGD‐4033 metabolism study in horse urine and plasma.
High strength bioethanol wastewater inoculated with single‐strain or binary consortium feeding air‐cathode microbial fuel cells
Authors: Marassi Rodrigo J. , Igreja Marcos , Uchigasaki Manzo , Silva Gilmar C. 
Published: September 2018

Bioethanol industries generate a large volume of high strength wastewater called vinasse. This study compares the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), inoculated with a single‐strain or a binary consortium, to produce bioelectricity while simultaneously reducing the COD levels and removing the vinasse color. The MFCs achieved the power density of 124.0 ±0.2 mW/m2 when inoculated with a strain of Shewanella oneidensis (MFC/So) and 178.0 ±0.8 mW/m2 after inoculation with a strain of Clostridium butyricum (MFC/Cb). However, a better performance in power density was reached by the MFC inoculated with both cultures (MFC/So‐Cb), which produced 205.0 ±0.5 mW/m2. Additionally, the results showed a decrease in the initial COD (36,440 mg/L), as well as a decolorization. Thus, the MFC/So, MFC/Cb, and MFC/So‐Cb caused a reduction in COD by 41.8 ± 2.4%, 20.1 ± 4.4%, and 53.8 ± 5.9%, respectively, and in color by 62 ± 4%, 70 ± 4%, and 58 ± 5%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that high power density can be produced using raw vinasse as a substrate in air‐cathode MFCs. However, the coulombic efficiency was low indicating that the COD conversion into electricity must be improved.Novelty: This work combines fermentative and metal‐reducing bacteria, instead of mixed cultures with unknown microorganisms, to break down complex organics in the vinasse, simultaneously to electricity generation. No studies have been found concerning Shewanella oneidensis and Clostridium butyricum strains for harvesting bioelectricity from bioethanol wastewater. Second, different from early studies, this work uses the real high strength wastewater, without dilution or any pre‐treatment, before MFC process. Third, here we consider the total biomass at the end process to calculate the COD removal rate. Finally, we employed electronic load, never used previously, in MFC polarization measurements. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 380–386, 2019
Mourning in Public
Authors: Benz Brigitte , Kranemann Benedikt 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDisaster rituals: Commemorations following attacks or catastrophes have their own dramaturgy. Varying enormously depending on place, form and message, they are directly and indirectly connected with zeitgeist, religions and worldviews. New forms of remembrance and leave‐taking have now become a topic of liturgical research.
Olfactory ensheathing cells abutting the embryonic olfactory bulb express Frzb, whose deletion disrupts olfactory axon targeting
Authors: Rich Constance A. , Perera Surangi N. , Andratschke Jacqueline , Stolt C. Claus , Buehler Dennis P. , Southard‐Smith E. Michelle , Wegner Michael , Britsch Stefan , Baker Clare V. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe and others previously showed that in mouse embryos lacking the transcription factor Sox10, olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) differentiation is disrupted, resulting in defective olfactory axon targeting and fewer gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons entering the embryonic forebrain. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that OECs in the olfactory nerve layer express Frzb—encoding a secreted Wnt inhibitor with roles in axon targeting and basement membrane breakdown—from embryonic day (E)12.5, when GnRH neurons first enter the forebrain, until E16.5, the latest stage examined. The highest levels of Frzb expression are seen in OECs in the inner olfactory nerve layer, abutting the embryonic olfactory bulb. We find that Sox10 is required for Frzb expression in OECs, suggesting that loss of Frzb could explain the olfactory axon targeting and/or GnRH neuron migration defects seen in Sox10‐null mice. At E16.5, Frzb‐null embryos show significant reductions in both the volume of the olfactory nerve layer expressing the maturation marker Omp and the number of Omp‐positive olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. As Omp upregulation correlates with synapse formation, this suggests that Frzb deletion indeed disrupts olfactory axon targeting. In contrast, GnRH neuron entry into the forebrain is not significantly affected. Hence, loss of Frzb may contribute to the olfactory axon targeting phenotype, but not the GnRH neuron phenotype, of Sox10‐null mice. Overall, our results suggest that Frzb secreted from OECs in the olfactory nerve layer is important for olfactory axon targeting.
Implementation of the Ogata flow cytometric scoring system in routine diagnostics of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Matzen Sara Maj Hyldig , Raaschou‐Jensen Klas Kræsten , Kallenbach Klaus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsCompiling evidence has emerged for the relevance of flow cytometric assessment as a valuable part of the diagnostic work‐up of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This study aimed at evaluating the implementation of a simple flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS), the Ogata score, in a routine diagnostic laboratory.MethodsA total of 35 patient samples with a clinical suspicion of MDS were retrospectively assessed using the FCSS. The accuracy of the FCSS was evaluated on the basis of the final diagnoses of the patients.ResultsThe final diagnoses included 17 MDS, 4 other myeloid cancers, and 14 reactive changes. Thirty‐two of 35 (91%) were correctly scored by the FCSS. All 3 incorrect scores were from samples classified as “other myeloid cancers.” Of the initial pathological evaluation of the bone marrows, 20% were inconclusive or incorrect. All inconclusive samples were correctly scored using the FCSS.ConclusionThe FCSS evaluated here has high accuracy and low complexity. Cases with inconclusive pathological evaluation will especially potentially benefit from adding the Ogata score to the diagnostic work‐up. The system will be feasible to implement in most flow cytometry laboratories without the need for supplemental antibody panels. It should be emphasized that the FCSS, in our hands, provided poor discrimination between MDS and other myeloid clonal diseases.
Pharmacokinetics of Enoxaparin After Renal Transplantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Damamme Alice , Urien Saïk , Borgel Delphine , Lasne Dominique , Krug Pauline , Krid Saoussen , Charbit Marina , Salomon Rémi , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Boyer Olivia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnoxaparin is commonly used in the prevention of renal allograft vascular thrombosis but off‐label in children, and no consensus exists regarding the optimal dosing and dose adjustment. In this retrospective study, 444 anti‐Xa levels were obtained from 30 pediatric renal transplant recipients in order to investigate enoxaparin population pharmacokinetics. The main results were (1) 25% of children achieved the target anti‐Xa activity 36 hours after initiation of treatment, (2) anti‐Xa time courses were best described by a 1‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption, (3) body weight but not renal function was the sole covariate influencing clearance and volume of distribution, and (4) large between‐subject and between‐occasion variabilities in anti‐Xa activity were observed. However, creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate in the first post–renal transplantation hours may not reliably reflect the actual renal function of the children. Based on the final population model, a Bayesian‐based program was developed in order to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameters on a single anti‐Xa measurement, allowing determination of the next enoxaparin dose that will quickly achieve an appropriate anti‐Xa activity (targeting 0.3‐0.5 IU/mL) and anticoagulation. Finally, these results should help standardize practices that remain to date largely heterogeneous in pediatric intensive care units.
Using a Genetic Risk Score Approach to Predict Headache Response to Triptans in Migraine Without Aura
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Viana Michele , Sances Grazia , Cantello Roberto , Tassorelli Cristina , Terrazzino Salvatore 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA large meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies has recently identified a number of risk loci for migraine without aura (MwoA). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a genetic risk score based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously reported to be associated with MwoA at genome‐wide significance, may influence headache response to triptans in patients with migraine without aura. Genotyping of rs9349379, rs2078371, rs6478241, rs11172113, rs1024905, and rs6724624 was conducted with a real‐time PCR allelic discrimination assay in 172 MwoA patients, of whom 36.6% were inconsistent responders to triptans. Each genetic risk score model was constructed as an unweighted score, calculated by adding the number of risk alleles for MwoA across each SNP at selected loci. The association with headache response to triptans was evaluated by logistic regression analysis adjusted for triptan, and the P values were corrected for the false discovery rate. The genetic risk score including susceptibility risk alleles at TRPM8 rs6724624 and FGF6 rs1024905 was found to be inversely associated with risk of inconsistent response to triptans (OR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.43‐0.89; false discovery rate q value, 0.045). In addition, adding this genetic risk score to the triptan‐adjusted logistic regression model significantly improved (P = .037) the discrimination accuracy, from 0.57 (95%CI, 0.50‐0.65) to 0.64 (95%CI, 0.57‐0.72). A modest but significant effect on risk of inconsistent response to triptans was identified for a genetic risk score model composed of 2 known risk alleles for MwoA, suggesting its potential utility in predicting headache response to triptan therapy.