bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Low-Cost Virtual Reality Simulation to Build Surgical Capacity for Cervical Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bing Eric G. , Parham Groesbeck P. , Cuevas Anthony , Fisher Boris , Skinner Jonathan , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Sullivan Richard 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Worldwide, more than 80% of people diagnosed with cancer will require surgery during their disease course, but only 5% to 20% of low- and middle-income countries have access to safe, affordable, and timely surgery. Developing surgical oncology skills requires significant time and mentoring. Virtual reality (VR) simulators can reduce the time required to master surgical procedures but are prohibitively expensive. We sought to determine whether a VR simulator using low-cost computer gaming equipment could train novice surgeons in Africa to perform a virtual radical abdominal (open) hysterectomy (RAH). METHODS Our RAH VR simulator used the Oculus Rift (Oculus VR, Menlo Park, CA), a VR headset with hand controllers that costs less than $1,500. Surgical novices learned to perform five key steps of a virtual RAH. We measured and identified predictors of movement and time efficiency for the simulation. RESULTS Ten novice surgeons in Lusaka, Zambia, enrolled in the study. Movement and time efficiency greatly improved over time. Independent predictors of movement efficiency were number of simulations, surgical experience, and time since college graduation. Independent predictors of time efficiency were number of simulations, surgical experience, days between simulation sessions, age, sex, and an interaction between number of simulations and surgical experience. CONCLUSION Low-cost VR may be an effective tool to help surgical novices learn complex surgical oncology procedures. If learning to perform VR surgical procedures with low-cost hardware leads to faster mastery of surgical procedures in the operating room, low-cost VR may represent one of the solutions to increasing access to surgical cancer care globally.
Entomological determinants of malaria transmission in Kayin state, Eastern Myanmar: A 24-month longitudinal study in four villages
Authors: Chaumeau Victor , Fustec Bénédicte , Nay Hsel Saw , Montazeau Céline , Naw Nyo Saw , Metaane Selma , Sawasdichai Sunisa , Kittiphanakun Prapan , Phatharakokordbun Phabele , Kwansomboon Nittipha , Andolina Chiara , Cerqueira Dominique , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Nosten François H. , Corbel Vincent 
Published: May 2019

Background: The Thailand-Myanmar borderland is an area endemic for malaria where transmission is low, seasonal and unstable. The epidemiology has been described but there is relatively few data on the entomological determinants of malaria transmission. Methods: Entomological investigations were conducted during 24 months in four villages located in Kayin state, on the Myanmar side of the Thailand-Myanmar border. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified by morphology, and molecular assays were used in order to discriminate between closely related sibling species of malaria vectors. Plasmodium infection rate was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes was very high and multiple species were identified as malaria vectors. The intensity of human-vector contact (mean human-biting rate= 369 bites/person/month) compensates for the low infection rate in naturally infected populations of malaria vectors (mean sporozoite index= 0.04 and 0.17 % for P. falciparum and P. vivax respectively), yielding intermediary level of transmission intensity (mean entomological inoculation rate= 0.13 and 0.64 infective bites/person/month for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively). Only 36% of the infected mosquitoes were collected indoors between 09:00 pm and 05:00 am, suggesting that mosquito bed-nets would fail to prevent most of the infective bites in the study area. Conclusion: This study provided a unique opportunity to describe the entomology of malaria in low transmission settings of Southeast Asia. Our data are important in the context of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD8+ T-cell memory inflation
Authors: Highton Andrew J. , Zinser Madeleine E. , Lee Lian Ni , Hutchings Claire L. , De Lara Catherine , Phetsouphanh Chansavath , Willberg Chris B. , Gordon Claire L. , Klenerman Paul , Marchi Emanuele 
Published: May 2019

Background: Persistent viruses such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong, sustained CD8+ T-cell responses, described as memory “inflation”. These retain functionality, home to peripheral organs and are associated with a distinct transcriptional program. Methods: To further define the nature of the transcriptional mechanisms underpinning memory inflation at different sites we used single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted cells from MCMV-infected mice, analyzing transcriptional networks in virus-specific populations in the spleen and gut intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Results: We provide a transcriptional map of T-cell memory and define a module of gene expression, which distinguishes memory inflation in spleen from resident memory T-cells (TRM) in the gut. Conclusions: These data indicate that CD8+ T-cell memory in the gut epithelium induced by persistent viruses and vaccines has a distinct quality from both conventional memory and “inflationary” memory which may be relevant to protection against mucosal infections.
Crisis: an educational game to reduce mortality and morbidity
Authors: Laisser Rose Mjawa , Chimwaza Angela F , Omoni Grace Moraa , McGowan Linda , Maclean Gaynor , Wakasiaka Sabina , Lavender Tina 
Published: May 2019

Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity rates remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, yet with appropriate management, these rates could be reduced significantly. Midwifery training to improve the management of women during intrapartum period is often lacking, calling for innovative training methods in midwifery clinical care. Aims: To develop and evaluate a game, aimed at the prevention and management of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: In collaboration with the Lugina Africa Midwives Research Network (LAMRN), the authors developed an educational board game and field tested the final version in Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi with midwives (n=56) and student midwives (n=32). Findings: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the game was well liked for its ease of use, acceptable appearance and relevance to practice. Conclusions: The board game, named ‘Crisis’, has potential to influence practice; however, further research is required to assess its ability to improve outcomes.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Uganda
Authors: Epuitai Joshua , Udho Samson , Auma Anna Grace , Nabirye Rose Chalo 
Published: May 2019

Background: Intimate partner violence may be more prevalent during pregnancy as women are more vulnerable. Aims: To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 pregnant women. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Intimate partner violence was measured using the revised Conflict Tactile Scale 2. Findings: The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 27.8%. Household average monthly income, experiences of intimate partner violence before pregnancy and marital conflicts were independently associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Conclusions: Screening should be done during antenatal care among women with low household income, marital conflicts, and history of intimate partner violence before pregnancy to identify and manage cases of intimate partner violence. More research is needed to identify interventions for reduction of intimate partner violence during pregnancy.
Control of Development, Secondary Metabolism and Light-Dependent Carotenoid Biosynthesis by the Velvet Complex of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Bayram Özlem Sarikaya , Dettmann Anne , Karahoda Betim , Moloney Nicola M , Ormsby Tereza , McGowan Jamie , Cea-Sánchez Sara , Miralles-Durán Alejandro , Brancini Guilherme T P , Luque Eva M , Fitzpatrick David A , Cánovas David , Corrochano Luis M , Doyle Sean , Selker Eric U , Seiler Stephan , Bayram Özgür 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Neurospora crassa is an established reference organism to investigate carotene biosynthesis and light regulation. However, there is little evidence of its capacity to produce secondary metabolites. Here, we report the role of the fungal-specific regulatory velvet complexes in development and secondary metabolism (SM) in N. crassa. Three velvet proteins VE-1, VE-2, VOS-1, and a putative methyltransferase LAE-1 show light-independent nucleocytoplasmic localization. Two distinct velvet complexes, a heterotrimeric VE-1/VE-2/LAE-1 and a heterodimeric VE-2/VOS-1 are found in vivo. The heterotrimer-complex, which positively regulates sexual development and represses asexual sporulation, suppresses siderophore coprogen production under iron starvation conditions. The VE-1/VE-2 heterodimer controls carotene production. VE-1 regulates the expression of &gt;15% of the whole genome, comprising mainly regulatory and developmental features. We also studied intergenera functions of the velvet complex through complementation of Aspergillus nidulans veA, velB, laeA, vosA mutants with their N. crassa orthologs ve-1, ve-2, lae-1, and vos-1, respectively. Expression of VE-1 and VE-2 in A. nidulans successfully substitutes the developmental and SM functions of VeA and VelB by forming two functional chimeric velvet complexes in vivo, VelB/VE-1/LaeA and VE-2/VeA/LaeA, respectively. Reciprocally, expression of veA restores the phenotypes of the N. crassa ve-1 mutant. All N. crassa velvet proteins heterologously expressed in A. nidulans are localized to the nuclear fraction independent of light. These data highlight the conservation of the complex formation in N. crassa and A. nidulans. However, they also underline the intergenera similarities and differences of velvet roles according to different life styles, niches and ontogenetic processes.
Totally Biodegradable Implants for Bone Fixation and Ligament Repair
Authors: Rokkanen P. , Böstman O. , Hirvensalo E. , Mäkelä E.A. , Partio E.K. , Pätiälä K. , Vihtonen S. , Vainionpää S. , Törmälä P. 
Published: May 2019

Synthetic biomaterials can be divided into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Polymeric biomaterials and composites can be classified as biostable, partially biodegradable, or totally biodegradable. Biostable polymers are inert, cause minimal tissue response, and retain their properties for years. Because only a temporary supporting biomaterial is required in many clinical applications, totally or partially biodegradable polymeric materials are often better than biologically biostable materials.Biodegradation implies the degradation of a material induced by the activities of an organism, but it is also influenced by pure physicochemical reactions. Degradable polymeric or composite materials retain their support from days to months, depending on their properties. They are biologically degraded, gradually, into tissue-compatible components that are absorbed, used in the organism, and finally secreted by the normal ways.Biodegradable materials are the best choice for internal fixation of fractures because the biodegradable implant provides and maintains the required fixation during the healing process. It decomposes gradually and transfers the stresses increasingly to the healing bone, thus avoiding stress-shielding. Micromovement at the fracture and correction of the bone-mass decrease are possible, too. After healing, when absorbed, the device can be utilized in energy and protein metabolism. Implanted biodegradable devices do not require a removal operation, which is a financial and psychological benefit to the patient.
Charles Burnett and Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum (eds.), From M?sh??all?h to Kepler: Theory and Practice in Medieval and Renaissance Astrology
Authors: Carey Hilary M. 
Published: May 2019

Charles Burnett and Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum (eds.), From M?sh??all?h to Kepler:Theory and Practice in Medieval and Renaissance Astrology (Ceredigion, Wales: SophiaCentre Press, 2015), 529 pp., £35.00 (pbk), ISBN: 978-907767-06-7.
Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum, The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence
Authors: Beck Roger 
Published: May 2019

Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum, The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence(Leiden: Brill, 2015), xiii + 573 pp., €186.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-9004306-20-2.
Najświętsze Serce Jezusa objawieniem, źródłem i pośrednikiem miłosierdzia Bożego
Authors: Królikowski Janusz 
Published: May 2019

From the theological point of view today there is a need of focusing on the question of the mutual relation between the theology of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the theology of the Divine Mercy. The Issue has to be considered mainly because of the growing veneration of the Divine Mercy, which in many aspects evidently adopts certain elements which traditionally belong to the worship of the Sacred Heart. The connection between these two cults can only be perceived after a profound theological analysis. Therefore, in this item I propose a theological perspective on the teachings of Saint Pope John Paul II, included in encyclicals Redemptor hominis (4th March 1979) and Dives in misericordia (30th November 1980), since these two significant and current documents contain valid and inspiring statements allowing the reader to grasp the relation between the theology of the Sacred Heart and the theology of the Divine Mercy. This authoritative and theologically profound background will indicate explicitly the close connection between the two cults and the respective theologies and how they complement each other. The proposed view deeply rooted in the teachings of Saint John Paul II may constitute a guideline for coherent combination of these two kinds of worship within Christian devotion. The growing cult of the Devine Mercy should be allowed to merge with other types of worship. The intention is to place the cult of the Divine Mercy within the tradition of the Church devotion, and at the same time to discover its hidden spiritual possibilities of the actualisation of the Church cult and adaptation of it to the new spiritual condition of the present times.
Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma Responding to Octreotide: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhou Na , Xiao Yu , Zhu Wenjia , Bai Chunmei , Zhao Lin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, and the current therapeutic options, such as mitotane or platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, often offer limited efficacy. Here, we present the first report, to the author's knowledge, of metastatic ACC with positive octreoscan scintigraphy that was successfully treated with octreotide long-acting release (LAR). A patient with metastatic ACC who showed poor tolerance to mitotane received octreotide LAR because of positive octreoscan scintigraphy. She obtained major partial response to the somatostatin analog. Interestingly, the expression of somatostatin receptor 2 from the previous local recurrence lesion was negative. The next-generation sequencing-based circulating tumor DNA analysis in the patient was performed and failed to identify any alterations. These findings suggest that octreotide LAR may be a good option for the treatment of metastatic ACC in selected patients.
Redukcje – europejska utopia Nowego Świata
Authors: Jagłowski Mieczysław 
Published: May 2019

<p>Inicjatywy podejmowane przez Europejczyków na nowo odkrytych ziemiach amerykańskich miały charakter prywatny, głównie ekonomiczny i eksploatatorski. W wyniku niepokojących raportów o okrucieństwie i niesprawiedliwościach popełnianych przez kolonizatorów, hiszpańskie państwo podjęło zadanie prawnego uregulowania stosunków kolonizatorów z mieszkańcami Nowego Świata. Bardziej zaawansowany projekt zorganizowania życia społecznego i politycznego ludów Ameryki sformułował Kościół katolicki. Projekt ten był realizowany przez zakony, a tworzone przez nie struktury społeczne nosiły nazwę redukcji. Artykuł dotyczy zarówno utopijnych idei społeczno-politycznych, w których ten projekt był ugruntowany, w szczególności w jego wersji przyjętej przez Towarzystwo Jezusowe, jak i ich praktycznej realizacji w Ameryce Łacińskiej.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p>
Problemy moralnego obowiązku. Czy moralni święci istnieją?
Authors: Kozak-Śmigiel Aneta 
Published: May 2019

<p>Czyny bohaterskie i czyny święte są w etyce nazywane również czynami supererogacyjnymi. O czynach supererogacyjnych możemy mówić wówczas, gdy spełnionych jest kilka warunków. Omawia je szczegółowo J.O. Urmson, którego artykuł stał się przyczynkiem do licznych dyskusji na temat czynów nadobowiązkowych. Inne pojmowanie świętych i bohaterów przedstawia w swojej pracy S. Wolf, która o moralnych świętych wyraża się dość niepochlebnie. Zarówno Wolf, jak i Urmson bezdyskusyjnie zgadzają się co do charakterystyki czynów moralnych świętych. Problem, na jakim koncentruje się autorka niniejszego artykułu, dotyczy obowiązywalności czynów supererogacyjnych. </p>
Badania pracodawców jako źródło informacji o popycie na pracę – analiza wybranych zagadnień
Authors: Jezior Jagoda 
Published: May 2019

<p>Artykuł zawiera analizę wybranych problemów poznawczych i aplikacyjnych badań pracodawców, których przedmiotem jest zapotrzebowanie na pracę osób z wyższym wykształceniem. Zasadniczy materiał źródłowy stanowią rezultaty cyklu projektów badawczych wykonanych przez autorkę w latach 2001–2011 na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Celem rozważań, które oparto na analizie podstaw teoretycznych, metodologicznych i empirycznych badań własnych, było określenie znaczenia badań pracodawców w procesie budowania wiedzy na temat popytu na pracę. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono omówieniu specyfiki badań surveyowych. Wykazano, że występuje szereg determinant procesu projektowania i realizacji badań pracodawców, które odgrywają istotną rolę w kształtowaniu ich wartości poznawczej i aplikacyjnej. Należą do nich aspekty metodologiczne, w tym oddziaływanie cech społeczno-zawodowych respondentów na formowany przekaz, oraz kontekst problemów społecznych. Głównie jest to kwestia wzrastającego poziomu bezrobocia wśród osób z wyższym wykształceniem, zwłaszcza w wypadku absolwentów uczelni. </p>
Początki filozofii Cohena a problem psychologii
Authors: Noras Andrzej J. 
Published: May 2019

Hermann Cohen, twórca neokantowskiej szkoły marburskiej, jest uznawany za jed­nego z najbardziej radykalnych reprezentantów antypsychologizmu. Okazuje się jednak, że stanowisko to jest rezultatem procesu, w którym ujawniają się trzy ważne elementy, a mianowicie spór o psychologię, spór o Platona i spór o Kanta. W pierwszym wypadku Cohen okazuje się związany z psychologicznie zorientowanymi językoznawcami, a mianowicie Heymannem Steinthalem i Moritzem Lazarusem. W drugim wypadku Cohen okazuje się interpretatorem Platona, przy czym początkowo ujmuje go w duchu psychologizmu, od którego się później dystansuje. I wreszcie, w trzecim wypadku, z tego wynika późniejszy obraz filozofii Kanta
TARİHSEL GERÇEKLİK IŞIĞINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN TRANSKAFKASYA POLİTİKASI
Authors: ÜNAL Levent 
Published: May 2019

Transkafkasya (Güney Kafkasya), Sovyetler
Birliği’nin dağılmasından itibaren hep sorunlu bir bölge olarak süre gelmiştir.
Bu denli sorunlu olmasının dâhili ve harici sebepleri vardır. Dâhili sebepleri;
bölgenin çok parçalı ve iç içe geçmiş demografik yapısı ile ortaya çıkan üç
yeni devletin aralarındaki toprak sorunlarıdır. Harici sebepler; bölgenin her
alanda sahip olduğu potansiyel ile küresel ve bölgesel güçler için cazibe
merkezi olması ile Rusya’nın hayati çıkarları bakımından bölgeyi kontrol etme zorunluluğunu
duymasıdır. Bu makalede, Güney Kafkasya’nın çatışma potansiyeli barındıran
yapısının ve Rusya faktörünün dikkate alınarak bölgede istikrarın kalıcı hale
getirilmesi ve ortaya çıkan fırsatların bölgenin refahını arttırma yönünde
kullanılmasına ilişkin Türkiye’nin özellikle kısa ve orta vadede yürütmesi
gereken politikalar tarihsel gerçeklik ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.
Patient-Centered Care: Lifestyle Modifications Among Adult Participants With Dyslipidemia
Authors: Rikabi Gulenia E. , Story Lachel J. , Rikabi Kamal 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDyslipidemia, a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), is a burden due to morbidity, mortality, and CHD-related costs. Patient-centered clinical interventions improve adherence to lifestyle modifications among adults with dyslipidemia.ObjectiveThe study's objectives were to (a) promote participants' safety through increased knowledge on the risks and prevention of CHD, (b) help participants identify their own barriers to lifestyle modifications, and (c) develop strategies with participants on individualized plans to adhere to healthy living.MethodsSeventeen participants with dyslipidemia enrolled in a quality improvement over 6 weeks. Participants were from one employee health clinic in Mississippi. Measures are Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ), Framingham Tool, pre- and poststudy lipid panels, and physiologic measurements. Interventions include motivational technique-led interviews as a tool for behavioral change.ResultsPre- and post-HDFQ responses indicated an 18% increase in knowledge attainment because of the patient-centered care interventions. Postinterventions, mean plasma lipid panels were 29% lower, weight loss ranged from 0 to 10.1 pounds, and body mass indexes were 0.4 to 1.2 less. Blood pressures (BPs) preintervention ranged from 120/70 to 159/89. Postinterventions BP ranged from 107/82 to 146/70.ConclusionsPatient-centered clinical interventions improve management of dyslipidemia through increased knowledge on risks and prevention of CHD and also through finding own barriers to healthy living.ImplicationsHealthcare providers can make a difference in people's lives through exploring the unhealthy behaviors and discovering ways for better health outcomes.
Teaching It Forward: Educating Parents About HPV/HPV Vaccine
Authors: Potts Jeanne , Southard Erik 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are available to prevent HPV-associated cancers. However, parents are reluctant to make the decision to immunize their children. Nationally, HPV vaccination rates remain low.ObjectiveThe objectives were to improve parents' attitudes and knowledge about HPV/HPV vaccine, increase parental intent to vaccinate, and increase HPV vaccination rates in a primary care office.MethodsA one-group, pretest/posttest design was used to assess participants' attitude, knowledge, and intent to vaccinate before and after viewing an HPV educational video. Pre–post project HPV vaccination rates were compared.ResultsParticipants' attitudes toward HPV/HPV vaccine improved while knowledge increased. Intent to vaccine increased by 31% after viewing the HPV educational video. HPV vaccination rates increased 6% (females) and 9% (males).ConclusionsPrimary care providers (PCPs) should look for innovative ways to educate parents about HPV, help parents make informed decisions about the HPV vaccine, and work toward a common goal of preventing HPV-associated cancers.Implications for NursingImplications are three-fold benefiting parents, PCPs, and society. Parents will be more knowledgeable, providers will understand they are an important key in the vaccine process, and society will benefit from a decrease in HPV-associated cancers.