bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting short‐ and long‐term glycated haemoglobin response after insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using machine‐learning algorithms
Authors: Nagaraj Sunil B. , Sidorenkov Grigory , van Boven Job F. M. , Denig Petra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the potential of supervised machine‐learning techniques to identify clinical variables for predicting short‐term and long‐term glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) response after insulin treatment initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methodsWe included patients with T2DM from the Groningen Initiative to Analyse Type 2 diabetes Treatment (GIANTT) database who started insulin treatment between 2007 and 2013 and had a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. Short‐ and long‐term responses at 6 (±2) and 24 (±2) months after insulin initiation, respectively, were assessed. Patients were defined as good responders if they had a decrease in HbA1c ≥ 5 mmol/mol or reached the recommended level of HbA1c ≤ 53 mmol/mol. Twenty‐four baseline clinical variables were used for the analysis and an elastic net regularization technique was used for variable selection. The performance of three traditional machine‐learning algorithms was compared for the prediction of short‐ and long‐term responses and the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of the prediction models.ResultsThe elastic net regularization‐based generalized linear model, which included baseline HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate, correctly classified short‐ and long‐term HbA1c response after treatment initiation, with AUCs of 0.80 (95% CI 0.78–0.83) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.79–0.84), respectively, and outperformed the other machine‐learning algorithms. Using baseline HbA1c alone, an AUC = 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.73) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.75) was obtained for predicting short‐term and long‐term response, respectively.ConclusionsMachine‐learning algorithm performed well in the prediction of an individual's short‐term and long‐term HbA1c response using baseline clinical variables.
Cyberinfrastructure and resources to enable an integrative approach to studying forest trees
Authors: Wegrzyn Jill L. , Falk Taylor , Grau Emily , Buehler Sean , Ramnath Risharde , Herndon Nic 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSequencing technologies and bioinformatic approaches are now available to resolve the challenges associated with complex and heterozygous genomes. Increased access to less expensive and more effective instrumentation will contribute to a wealth of high‐quality plant genomes in the next few years. In the meantime, more than 370 tree species are associated with public projects in primary repositories that are interrogating expression profiles, identifying variants, or analyzing targeted capture without a high‐quality reference genome. Genomic data from these projects generates sequences that represent intermediate assemblies for transcriptomes and genomes. These data contribute to forest tree biology, but the associated sequence remains trapped in supplemental files that are poorly integrated in plant community databases and comparative genomic platforms. Successful implementation of life science cyberinfrastructure is improving data standards, ontologies, analytic workflows, and integrated database platforms for both model and non‐model plant species. Unique to forest trees with large populations that are long‐lived, outcrossing, and genetically diverse, the phenotypic and environmental metrics associated with georeferenced populations are just as important as the genomic data sampled for each individual. To address questions related to forest health and productivity, cyberinfrastructure must keep pace with the magnitude of genomic and phenomic sampling of larger populations. This review examines the current landscape of cyberinfrastructure, with an emphasis on best practices and resources to align community data with the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) guidelines.
Effect of length of apical root resection on the biomechanical response of a maxillary central incisor in various occlusal relationships
Authors: Ran S. J. , Yang X. , Sun Z. , Zhang Y. , Chen J. X. , Wang D. M. , Liu B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the stress distribution and tooth displacement of a maxillary central incisor with various apical root resection lengths and occlusal relationships using finite element (FE) analysis.MethodologyA maxillary central incisor was scanned by micro‐CT. First, the FE intact incisor model with dentine, enamel, pulp and root surrounded by alveolar bone and periodontal ligament was designed based on the micro‐CT image data. Then, six FE models with varying lengths of apical root resection were established to simulate the clinical treatment and reveal the clinically applicable limit of apical root resection during endodontic microsurgery. For each model under different loading conditions, the maximum von Mises stress (σ max) at the root apex, root cervix, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament and the maximum tooth displacement (ΔR max) were calculated and compared.ResultsIn a normal occlusion, more than 6 mm of root resection resulted in a marked increase in the ΔR max values (>10%) and σ max values of alveolar bone (>50%); the stress levels at the root apex increased dramatically when the apical root was resected more than 7 mm. With increased overjet, apical root resection did not change the stress level markedly until it reached 8 mm, but the ΔR max increased markedly (>10%) if the root was resected more than 5 mm. With deep overbites, the σ max increased significantly (>50%) when the root was resected more than 4 mm whilst the ΔR max decreased. With increased overjet and deep overbite, more than 6 mm of resection resulted in a substantial σ max increase (>50%) of alveolar bone and the ΔR max increased markedly (>10%) when the root was resected 8 mm. Additionally, the σ max and the ΔR max values were greater with increased overjet and lower with deep overbites.ConclusionsUsing FE analysis, apical root resection of more than 6 mm resulted in a marked increase of stress distribution and tooth displacement in normal and increased overjet with deep overbite occlusal relationships. In increased overjets or deep overbites, more than 5 mm or 4 mm, respectively, stress distribution and tooth displacement increased markedly.
Phenolic compounds in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel and their health‐promoting activities
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Singh Jaspreet , Singh Jatinder Pal , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Narpinder 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPotato peel (PP), a by‐product of food processing industry, comprising 6–10% of tuber is mostly considered as a waste. Potato peel waste (PPW) can be utilised as a natural source of antioxidants that otherwise may create disposal‐related problems leading to environmental pollution. Valorisation of PPW is a fascinating area of research and is in the interest of potato‐based food processing industry. PP contains phenolic compounds (mainly chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids), that are known for bioactivities. Phenolic acids from PP can be efficiently recovered by improving the efficiency of extraction methods. Phenolics extracted from PPW have an immense potential for utilisation as sources of antioxidant and functional components in food. PP extract (PPE) has been evaluated for protective (antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and antibacterial properties) effects and can be projected as a potential source of phenolic compounds beneficial for human health.
Extruded meat alternatives made from Maillard‐reacted beef bone hydrolysate and plant proteins. Part II – application in sausages
Authors: Chiang Jie Hong , Hardacre Allan K. , Parker Michael E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the physicochemical properties of sausages made from meat alternatives made from Maillard‐reacted beef bone hydrolysate and plant proteins (soy protein and wheat gluten) at different moisture contents (MC; S49%MC, S52%MC, S56%MC and S60%MC). S49%MC had the highest hardness and chewiness, observed with chunks of long fibres under SEM. The hardness and chewiness of sausages decreased as MC increased. S60%MC exhibited soft and mushy texture, and no fibre structure was observed. Sausages made from meat alternatives had higher protein oxidation as compared with reference sausage made from chicken breast (SCB), which could be due to longer storage period, as meat alternatives were extruded, frozen and stored before making into sausages. Sensory results showed that SCB obtained the highest scores for all attributes except for appearance, among all sausages. Overall results showed that further improvements can be made when using extruded meat alternatives to make sausages.
Mothers’ views of health problems in the 12 months after childbirth: A concept mapping study
Authors: Rouhi Maryam , Stirling Christine M. , Crisp Elaine P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify the health problems that women feel require help and subsequent help‐seeking behaviour during the 12 months period after childbirth.BackgroundMany women experience physical and mental health problems after childbirth, but there is a gap in understanding how they perceive their health after childbirth. Studies suggested they are inhibited in expressing their needs and so seek informal rather than professional help for their health problems.DesignA mixed method concept mapping study.MethodTwo groups of Australian women were recruited by an online platform and purposive sampling (N = 81) in 2017–2018, based on an established concept mapping methodology. A first group created 83 brainstorm statements about post‐childbirth health problems and help‐seeking and a second group sorted and rated the statements based on their perception of the prevalence of the issues and the help‐seeking advice they would offer to others. Bradshaw`s Taxonomy of Needs was used to theoretically underpins the explanation of the results of women's felt need after childbirth.ResultsMultidimensional scaling resulted in six clusters of issues which were categorized into three domains: ‘health issues and care’, ‘support’ and ‘fitness’. Despite being directly asked, about two‐thirds of the women did not report experiencing any health problems.ConclusionOur findings showed women had a broader perception of healthcare needs which included support and fitness. There is a potential gap in services for women who do not have good social support.ImpactFamily and friends were a key source of help‐seeking. Post‐childbirth routine care was focused on infant care and limited to the first 6 weeks after childbirth. The content of current post‐childbirth care must be reviewed.
NOV/CCN3 induces cartilage protection by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Huang Xiaojian , Ni Bowei , Mao Zekai , Xi Yang , Chu Xiangyu , Zhang Rui , Ma Xiaohu , You Hongbo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), an age‐related degenerative joint disease, is pathologically characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV or CCN3), a matricellular protein, is a primary member of the CCN family (Cyr61, Ctgf, NOV) of proteins and is involved in various inflammatory disorders. Previous studies reported that CCN3 might play a therapeutic role in OA. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the expression of CCN3 was decreased in human and rat OA articular cartilage. Recombinant CCN3 ameliorated the IL‐1β‐induced matrix catabolism, as demonstrated by MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS5 and iNOS expression, in vitro. In addition, the degradation of cartilage matrix such as collagen 2 and aggrecan could be reversed by CCN3. Furthermore, we found CCN3 promoted autophagy as Atg5, Beclin1 and LC3‐II expression were increased. High‐mobility group box 1 was negatively correlated with CCN3 in IL‐1β‐induced osteoarthritis responses, and HMGB1 is involved in the protective effect of CCN3 in OA. Moreover, CCN3 overexpression decreased the expression of HMGB1 and reversed the IL‐1β induced MMPs production. Additionally, recombinant CCN3 or CCN3 overexpression attenuated the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway induced by IL‐1β. Our study presents new mechanisms of CCN3 in osteoarthritis and indicates that CCN3 can serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
Niche partitioning and morphospace in early stages of two sympatric Diogenichthys species (Myctophidae)
Authors: Zavala‐Muñoz Francisca , Vera‐Duarte Javier , Bustos Claudia A. , Angulo‐Aros Jorge , Landaeta Mauricio F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiet and morphospace of larval stages of two sympatric lanternfish Diogenichthys atlanticus and D. laternatus from the south‐east Pacific Ocean were compared and the covariance between both variables was assessed for each species. Diogenichthys atlanticus stomach contents consisted mainly of copepod nauplii and digested remains and this species had a broader niche than D. laternatus, in which stomach contents were highly digested. No dietary overlap was found between both species. The covariance between skull shape and diet for D. atlanticus was given by a wider mouth gape related to the presence of copepod nauplii, whilst for D. laternatus, a shorter snout and posteriorly displaced eye were related to the presence of highly digested stomach contents. Interspecific differences between diets and skull shapes suggest that both species may have undergone morphological or niche divergence to avoid competition, such as feeding at different hours or depth stratification.
A new cost‐effective process for limitation of microbial growth in fish fleshes: Wrapping by aluminum foil coated with electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Ceylan Zafer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to obtain a cost‐effective nanofiber (NCNF) on the surface of aluminum foil. The main aim of the study was to investigate the microbial quality parameters of fish flesh wrapped by aluminum foil coated with NCNF. NCNF having 128.98 nm average diameter and −2.26 mV zeta potential was successfully obtained. NCNF was utilized to delay the rapid increase in total viable bacteria (TVB), psychrophilic bacteria (TPBc), yeast and mold (TYMc), and lactic acid bacteria (LABc) growth in the fish flesh. The changes between uncoated (UC) and NCNF fish samples in TVBc reached by 35% on the fourth day of the cold storage. During the 10 day, the difference in TPBc between the two groups reached 38%. Also, the reduction in TYMc and LABc was found over 2 log colony‐forming unit (CFU)/g. Although UC samples of TVB counts exceeded 6 log CFU/g on the fourth day, the samples treated with NCNFs reached 6 log CFU/g on the eighth day. The study revealed that 0.0432 g nisin and 0.72 × 10−4 g curcumin limited the rapid microbial growth of fish flesh. Moreover, the cost of NCNF containing 0.0432 g nisin and 0.72 × 10−4 g curcumin was defined to be €1.488.Practical applicationsThe present nano process was aimed at obtaining an alternative and cost‐effective antimicrobial nanomaterial derived from highly‐cost food additive. As an effective practical application for the food industry, this obtained nanomaterial was successfully integrated on the surface of the aluminum foils. As a sample food material, the fish flesh was used in order to observe the effect of nanomaterials obtained from 0.0432 g nisin and 0.72 × 10−4 g curcumin. The results showed that cost‐effective nanomaterial was successfully obtained and also microbial spoilage was effectively controlled by wrapping fish fillets with aluminum foils. Therefore, this present study revealed that this cost‐effective nano application may be especially used for costly food materials such as caviar.
High‐Need Phenotypes in Medicare Beneficiaries: Drivers of Variation in Utilization and Outcomes
Authors: Keeney Tamra , Belanger Emmanuelle , Jones Rich N. , Joyce Nina R. , Meyers David J. , Mor Vincent 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESHigh‐need (HN) Medicare beneficiaries heavily use healthcare services at a high cost. This population is heterogeneous, composed of individuals with varying degrees of medical complexity and healthcare needs. To improve healthcare delivery and decrease costs, it is critical to identify the subpopulations present within this population. We aimed to (1) identify distinct clinical phenotypes present within HN Medicare beneficiaries, and (2) examine differences in outcomes between phenotypes.DESIGNLatent class analysis was used to identify phenotypes within a sample of HN fee‐for‐service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older using Medicare claims and post‐acute assessment data.SETTINGNot applicable.PARTICIPANTSTwo cross‐sectional cohorts were used to identify phenotypes. Cohorts included FFS Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who survived through 2014 (n = 415 659) and 2015 (n = 416 643).MEASUREMENTSThe following variables were used to identify phenotypes: acute and post‐acute care use, functional dependency in one or more activities of daily living, presence of six or more chronic conditions, and complex chronic conditions. Mortality, hospitalizations, healthcare expenditures, and days in the community were compared between phenotypes.RESULTSFive phenotypes were identified: (1) comorbid ischemic heart disease with hospitalization and skilled nursing facility use (22% of the HN sample), (2) comorbid ischemic heart disease with home care use (23%), (3) home care use (12%), (4) high comorbidity with hospitalization (32%), and (5) Alzheimer's disease/related dementias with functional dependency and nursing home use (11%). Mortality was highest in phenotypes 1 and 2; hospitalizations and expenditures were highest in phenotypes 1, 3, and 4.CONCLUSIONSOur findings represent a first step toward classifying the heterogeneity among HN Medicare beneficiaries. Further work is needed to identify modifiable utilization patterns between phenotypes to improve the value of healthcare provided to these subpopulations. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:70–77, 2019
Oral mucositis and microbial colonization in oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy: A prospective analysis in a tertiary care dental hospital
Authors: Subramaniam Nandhini , Muthukrishnan Arvind 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe ulcerative phase of oral mucositis following radiotherapy/chemotherapy for oral cancer colonizes bacteria, fungi and viruses. The role of a microbiota, specifically bacterial colonization in oral mucositis, is still unclear, and there is no existing data that correlates the shift in the bacterial colonization with mucositis severity. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial colonization and study the MCR‐1 (mobilized colistin resistance), VIM2 (β‐lactam resistance), TET(K) (tetracycline resistance) and blaKPC (carbapenem resistance) genes’ expression in isolated facultative anaerobes at 3 time points in oral mucositis patients undergoing radiotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy.MethodsA total of 24 oral cancer patients were divided into 2 groups: A (N = 12) undergoing radiotherapy; and B (N = 12) undergoing radiochemotherapy. Saliva was collected from all patients at 3 time intervals during the treatment. The isolated bacterial colonies were subjected to gene expression and analysis.ResultsStaphylococcus aureus (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%), Escherichia coli (25%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26%) are the facultative anaerobes isolated from saliva. The bacterial isolates obtained during and at the end of therapy appeared to express a higher level of antibiotic‐resistance genes (VIM2, MCR‐1, TET[K], blaKPC) than those isolated at the onset of therapy.ConclusionBacterial colonization and gene expression varied during different stages of mucositis.
Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis
Authors: Martin Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS), where different entities collaborate in the management of energy, utilities, materials, or services, has been identified as an approach to improve resource efficiency and circularity in industry. This article assesses the environmental performance of an IS network with firms involved in waste management, soil, surfaces, paper, lumber, and energy. The aim is to highlight the environmental performance of an IS network and pay particular attention to the improved performance for products in the IS network. Life cycle assessment is used to compare the current IS network with a reference scenario and a potential future development. The results suggest that there are significant benefits from the IS network. Large reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and abiotic resource depletion were identified. Furthermore, large reductions in local impacts, namely eutrophication and acidification impacts are illustrated. It was shown that all firms in the network benefit from the synergies involved, with a large share of the benefits stemming from the facilitated exchanges with the waste management company. The replacement of conventional products and energy streams with bio‐based counterparts from within the network is of significant importance. Finally, the results point to the importance of the facilitation of by‐product synergies, and the significant value this creates in the region, with large potential to improve the environmental performance of firms and their products.
Everyday life experiences in families with a child with kidney disease
Authors: Agerskov Hanne , Thiesson Helle C. , Pedersen Birthe D. 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundChronic kidney disease in children is a complex medical and psychosocial disease with factors that differ from the adult disease in significant ways. Among parents, there is uncertainty about disease progression and lack of confidence in caring for the child. The disease has an impact on the emotional and social well‐being of the whole family.ObjectivesTo investigate everyday life experiences from the perspectives of members of a family that includes a child with end stage renal disease.MethodThe study took a phenomenological‐hermeneutical approach. Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with seven fathers, seven mothers, five children with kidney disease and five siblings. The data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation, on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis, critical interpretation and discussion.ResultsIt was significant that everyday life and caring for the child were structured around parents’ energy reserves. The disease left its mark and changes to daily life caused anxiety, especially for siblings. The search for normalcy was significant and, although the families coped with conditions around the disease, it could be a challenge.ConclusionFamily members feel vulnerable and concerned and need attention, support and care. Limitations in everyday life cause a dilemma, and the well‐being of one family member has an impact on the well‐being of the family as a whole. Implications for practice: Health care professionals should focus on the impact of the family's experiences and needs, and the parents’ role in family relationships, to support the entire family unit.