bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geography of political parties: Territory and organisational strategies in Buenos Aires
Authors: Halvorsen Sam 
Published: September 2019

How and why does geography inform the organisational strategies of political parties?Encuentro por la Democracia y la Equidad(Encounter for Democracy and Equity, hereafter EDE) is a centre‐left Argentine political party that, since arriving in Buenos Aires in 2008, quickly became one of the largest oppositional parties in the city in terms of its activist base and electoral representation. This was achieved by explicitly prioritising a territorial organisational strategy: building the party at the scale of the neighbourhood by opening branches, accumulating activists and constructing linkages with civil society. Through a qualitative analysis of EDE's organisational strategy over 10 years (2008–2018), the paper proposes four dimensions for understanding the relationship between grassroots territorial organising and party strategy: party‐building; electoral success; democratic linkages; and alliance building. The findings are of relevance not only to party‐building in Latin America but also to the recent surge of territorial organising in parties in Europe. The paper makes three contributions to geographical literature. First, it adds to limited Anglophone geographical engagements with Latin American electoral and party politics by highlighting the centrality of spatiality to party‐building. Second, it emphasises sub‐national dynamics of party organising, contributing to a dismantling of methodological state centrism that pervades party scholarship. Third, it develops a geographical analytical approach to party organisation that demonstrates how sociospatial relations constitute parties' unfolding relations with the state and civil society.
Clinical techniques in Veterinary Dermatology
Authors: Layne Elizabeth A. , de Miguel Garcia Cristina 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundVideo otoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis externa (OE) and otitis media (OM) in dogs. Procedures performed by video otoscopy often are painful and it can be challenging to maintain steady anaesthetic depth and provide smooth anaesthetic recovery. A multimodal approach to analgesia and anaesthesia is ideal to minimize complications associated with high doses of anaesthetic drugs while providing the patient with adequate analgesia.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo describe a technique for regional anaesthesia of the canine ear.AnimalsOne canine cadaver, obtained as part of a teaching laboratory class for other clinical techniques, with institutional approval, was used for illustration purposes.ResultsClinical technique for regional anaesthesia of the canine ear.Conclusions and clinical importanceNerve blocks for regional anaesthesia are an important aspect of a multimodal anaesthetic approach. A technique for blocking the two major sensory nerves to the canine ear is described.
CT angiography and MRI imaging features do not predict the tumor type and grade of feline injection site sarcoma
Authors: Fleming Kristen , Nemanic Sarah , Löhr Christiane V. , Terry Jesse , Milovancev Milan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComputed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described as methods for preoperative surgical planning in cats with feline injection site sarcomas (FISS), however, few published studies have compared these modalities. The objective of this retrospective, secondary analysis study was to determine if imaging features of FISS on CTA and MRI are predictive of neoplastic peritumoral projections. Archived data from a previous prospective study were retrieved for 10 cats with FISS. All cats had been evaluated in a single anesthetic episode with MRI and dual phase CT (CTA) imaging followed by surgical removal. Histopathological grading and targeted histopathology of imaging‐identified peritumoral projections were performed. Two observers evaluated the CTA and MRI studies for FISS shape, margination, size, enhancement pattern, postcontrast uniformity, pre‐ and postcontrast margination, the number of muscles involved, mass mineralization, and bone lysis. Metal was present in the imaging field of three of 10 cats, resulting in one nondiagnostic MRI. Peritumoral projections were detected in all cats with both imaging modalities, and most were benign. At least one neoplastic peritumoral projection was detected in six cats using MRI, five cats using CTA, and three cats with both modalities. Higher grade FISS were larger than low grade using MRI, and FISS were larger using MRI. Other FISS imaging features using MRI and CTA were similar. Findings supported use of either MRI or CTA for detecting neoplastic peritumoral projections in cats with FISS. Authors recommend CTA for cats with known metallic objects in the scan field.
Improved Method for Gas-Turbine Off-Design Performance Adaptation Based on Field Data
Authors: Li Shiyao , Li Zhenlin , Li Shuying 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Obtaining accurate components' characteristic maps has great significant for gas-turbine operating optimization and gas-path fault diagnosis. A common approach is to modify the original components' characteristic maps by introducing correction factors, which is known as performance adaptation. Among the existing methods, total average prediction error of measurable parameters (MPTAPE) at specified conditions is used to evaluate the adaptation accuracy. However, when a gas turbine undergoes a field operation, the performance parameters of each component are zonally distributed under the operating conditions. Under such circumstances, randomly selecting a few data points as the error control points (ECPs) for performance adaptation may lead to an inappropriate correction of the characteristic maps, further lowering the prediction accuracy of the simulation model. In this paper, a genetic-algorithm-based improved performance adaptation method is proposed, which provides improvements in two aspects. In one aspect, similarity between the components' predicted performance curves and the performance regression curves is used as the criterion with which to evaluate the adaptation accuracy. In the other aspect, in the process of off-design performance adaptation, the performance parameters at the design point are recalibrated. The improved method has been verified by using rig test data and applied to field data of a GE LM2500+SAC gas turbine. The comparison results show that the improved method can obtain more accurate and stable adaptation results, while the computational load can be significantly reduced.
Effects of Emulsified Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Aeroengine Combustors
Authors: De Giorgi M. G. , Pescini E. , Campilongo S. , Ciccarella G. , Fontanarosa D. , Ficarella A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work is the experimental investigation of the effects of the addition of water and urea into jet fuels, on the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and eventually improvement of the lean flame stability in aeroengine combustors. Experiments have been carried out using a 300-kW liquid-fueled swirling combustor. Various urea and/or water concentrations have been tested at the same fuel/air ratio. In order to study the flame behavior, noninvasive optical diagnostic techniques, as charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras in different spectral ranges (visible and UV ranges, with different optical filters), have been adopted to analyze the shape and the brightness of the flame structure. Measurements of exhaust emissions (NOx, SO2, carbon monoxide (CO), CO2, and O2) have also been performed in order to evaluate the impact of emulsification on the entire combustion process. Finally, the thermal efficiency losses with respect to the neat jet test case were also analyzed for each emulsified fuel condition.
Effect of Porous Medium in Stagnation Point Flow of Ferrofluid Due to a Variable Convected Thicked Sheet
Authors: Imtiaz Maria , Nazar Hira , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The focus of this paper is to study the effects of stagnation point flow and porous medium on ferrofluid flow over a variable thicked sheet. Heat transfer analysis is discussed by including thermal radiation. Suitable transformations are applied to convert partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Convergent results for series solutions are calculated. The impact of numerous parameters on velocity and temperature is displayed for series solutions. Graphical behavior for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is also analyzed. Numerical values of Nusselt number are tabulated depending upon various parameters
Oxidation Behavior of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Steels in Superheated Steam at 700 °C
Authors: Xiao Bingjie , Tepylo Nick , Huang Xiao , Zhou Zhangjian , Penttilä Sami 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, three alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) steels (Fe-18Ni-12Cr-AlNbC, Fe-18Ni-12Cr-Al, and Fe-18Ni-16Cr-AlNbC) were exposed to superheated steam (SHS) at 700 °C for 1000 h to study their oxidation behavior. The Fe-18Ni-16Cr-AlNbC alloy showed the best performance as it had the least weight gain due to a denser surface oxide layer and the lack of internal oxidation. The Fe-18Ni-12Cr-AlNbC alloy suffered from internal oxidation and had a greater weight gain than Fe-18Ni-16Cr-AlNbC, while Fe-18Ni-12Cr-Al experienced weight loss due to perhaps external oxide spallation, leaving a less protective Fe-oxide on the external surface.
Patient-Specific Aortic Phantom With Tunable Compliance
Authors: Gallarello Antonio , Palombi Andrea , Annio Giacomo , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , De Momi Elena , Maritati Gabriele , Torii Ryo , Burriesci Gaetano , Wurdemann Helge A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Validation of computational models using in vitro phantoms is a nontrivial task, especially in the replication of the mechanical properties of the vessel walls, which varies with age and pathophysiological state. In this paper, we present a novel aortic phantom reconstructed from patient-specific data with variable wall compliance that can be tuned without recreating the phantom. The three-dimensional (3D) geometry of an aortic arch was retrieved from a computed tomography angiography scan. A rubber-like silicone phantom was manufactured and connected to a compliance chamber in order to tune its compliance. A lumped resistance was also coupled with the system. The compliance of the aortic arch model was validated using the Young's modulus and characterized further with respect to clinically relevant indicators. The silicone model demonstrates that compliance can be finely tuned with this system under pulsatile flow conditions. The phantom replicated values of compliance in the physiological range. Both, the pressure curves and the asymmetrical behavior of the expansion, are in agreement with the literature. This novel design approach allows obtaining for the first time a phantom with tunable compliance. Vascular phantoms designed and developed with the methodology proposed in this paper have high potential to be used in diverse conditions. Applications include training of physicians, pre-operative trials for complex interventions, testing of medical devices for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and comparative Magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI)-based computational studies.
Capacity Matching of Aeroderivative Gas Generator With Free Power Turbine—Challenges, Uncertainties, and Opportunities
Authors: Thirumurthy Deepak , Casado Coca Jose Carlos , Suraweera Kanishka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For gas turbines (GTs) with free power turbines (FPTs), the capacity or flow parameter matching is of prime importance. Accurately matched capacity enables the GT to run at its optimum condition. This ensures maximum component efficiencies and optimum shaft speeds within mechanical limits. This paper presents the challenges, uncertainties, and opportunities associated with an accurate matching of a generic two-shaft aeroderivative high pressure (HP)-low pressure (LP) gas generator with the FPT. Additionally, generic performance trends, uncertainty quantification, and results from the verification program are also discussed. These results are necessary to ensure that the final FPT capacity is within the allowable range, and hence, the product meets the performance guarantees. The sensitivity of FPT capacity to various design variables such as the vane throat area, vane trailing edge size, and manufacturing tolerance is presented. In addition, issues that may arise due to not meeting the target capacity are also discussed. To conclude, in addition to design, analysis, and statistical studies, a system-of-systems approach is mandatory to meet the allowed variation in the FPT capacity and hence the desired GT performance.
Application of Tuned Vibration Absorber Concept to Blisk Ring Dampers: A Nonlinear Study
Authors: Lupini Andrea , Mitra Mainak , Epureanu Bogdan I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel design for ring dampers is proposed, where the concept of tuned vibration absorbers is leveraged to substantially increase damper effectiveness while minimizing potential stresses near the blade root. Tuned absorbers have been used in the past to reduce the forced response amplitudes of both mechanical and civil structures. The absorber natural frequency is tuned to the targeted frequency of the host structure where it is attached. The vibration reduction mechanism relies on energy transfer from the host structure to the absorber. The novel design technique proposed here uses a vibration absorber approach to achieve energy transfer from the blisk to the damper, which leads to larger damper motion. This enables energy dissipation due to friction, reducing vibrations even in blade-dominated modes. An academic finite element model of a blisk with a ring damper is used to demonstrate the novel tuned damper concept and design technique. The geometric mistuning of the damper due to the presence of a gap in the ring structure is also taken into account. The results demonstrate the validity of the proposed tuned damper concept, showing a substantial vibration amplitude reduction compared to the linear baseline results, in which the damper is not tuned or absent.
Impact of Phase Change Material Transition Temperature on the Performance of Latent Heat Storage Thermal Control in Tablet Computers
Authors: Sponagle Benjamin , Groulx Dominic , White Mary Anne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The processing power of handheld electronic devices has increased rapidly over the last decade. Modern handheld devices are thin (<9 mm) and utilize passive temperature control strategies. The combination of these factors has resulted in temperature control becoming a major obstacle to continued development. This work investigates the use of latent heat storage modules to improve the temperature control of tablet computers. Such modules store energy during periods of high heat dissipation and release it later when the device is less active. A key design aspect for these systems is identification of the appropriate phase change materials (PCMs), and specifically the optimal transition temperature. A numerical model of a tablet computer was created. Simulations with latent heat storage modules with transition temperatures between 35 and 47 °C showed that PCMs with lower transition temperatures allowed the tablet computer to operate longer without overheating. PCMs with transition temperatures between 35 and 40 °C were found to be most suitable.
Theoretical Modeling of Vapor Condensation in the Presence of Noncondensable Gas on a Horizontal Tube
Authors: Lu Junhui , Cao Haishan , Li JunMing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Double-boundary layer theory was adopted to investigate the distributions of the liquid film, gas film, heat transfer coefficient, and condensate mass fluxes around a horizontal tube for vapor condensation with noncondensable gases like steam–air and steam–CO2 mixtures under free convection. The investigation considered the effects of the noncondensable gas concentration, surface subcooling temperature, and pressure. The thicknesses of the liquid and gas films increase gradually along the wall from top to bottom, whereas the local heat transfer coefficient and the condensate mass flux decrease. The film thicknesses do not change significantly around the upper part of the tube but increase sharply around the lower part. The liquid film thicknesses, gas film thicknesses, condensate mass fluxes, and heat transfer coefficients of steam–air systems are compared with those of steam–CO2 systems. The condensate mass flux in the steam–air system is smaller than that of steam–CO2 system under the condition of the same surface subcooling and gas mass fraction because air has more moles of molecules in the mixture than CO2 and the steam more easily diffuses through CO2 than through air. The predicted average condensation heat transfer coefficients agree well with the available experimental data.
A Genetic Algorithm Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Squealer Tip Geometry in Axial Flow Turbines: A Constant Tip Gap Approach
Authors: Maral H. , Şenel C. B. , Deveci K. , Alpman E. , Kavurmacıoğlu L. , Camci Cengiz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Tip clearance is a crucial aspect of turbomachines in terms of aerodynamic and thermal performance. A gap between the blade tip surface and the stationary casing must be maintained to allow the relative motion of the blade. The leakage flow through the tip gap measurably reduces turbine performance and causes high thermal loads near the blade tip region. Several studies focused on the tip leakage flow to clarify the flow-physics in the past. The “squealer” design is one of the most common designs to reduce the adverse effects of tip leakage flow. In this paper, a genetic-algorithm-based optimization approach was applied to the conventional squealer tip design to enhance aerothermal performance. A multi-objective optimization method integrated with a meta-model was utilized to determine the optimum squealer geometry. Squealer height and width represent the design parameters which are aimed to be optimized. The objective functions for the genetic-algorithm-based optimization are the total pressure loss coefficient and Nusselt number calculated over the blade tip surface. The initial database is then enlarged iteratively using a coarse-to-fine approach to improve the prediction capability of the meta-models used. The procedure ends once the prediction errors are smaller than a prescribed level. This study indicates that squealer height and width have complex effects on the aerothermal performance, and optimization study allows to determine the optimum squealer dimensions.
Influence of Blade Flexibility on the Dynamic Response Simulation of a Turbomolecular Pump on Magnetic Bearings
Authors: Barbosa Moreira Alysson Bruno , Thouverez Fabrice 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes the simulation of a complete mechanical model of a turbomolecular pump rotor, including rotor and blades flexibility, suspended by controlled active magnetic bearings. The mechanical model is composed of an eight stage blisk, attached to a shaft. Magnetic forces are linearized by the first-order Taylor expansion around a given point. Including blades and rotor flexibility makes the mechanical system asymmetric, so the equations of motion for the coupled system have periodic terms. A modal controller was designed to control rigid body modes, since the number of sensors is limited and no state observer is implemented. PID controllers are used for low frequency modes combined with the second order filters to damp high frequency modes. First of all, stability analysis was carried out for the axisymmetric case. Second, blades flexibility was included. Forced response of the whole system to an impulsive force was studied. Divergent responses for the system in rotation were obtained as a second order filter pole possibly interacting with blades modes. Taking the second order filters off the control loop allowed the system to be stable. These results show that the analysis method developed here is efficient to evaluate the performance of a controller in closed loop with the complete flexible system. This method may be used in industrial design processes as computation times for the complete system are very short.
Sensitivity Analysis of Unsteady Corium Solidification in an Initially Emptied Horizontal Turbulent Pipe Flow
Authors: Somers-Neal Shawn , Nguyen Vien , Matida Edgar , Tang Vinh , Kaya Tarik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In a reactor core meltdown under postulated severe accidents, the molten material called corium could be ejected or relocated through existing vessel penetrations. There exists, however, a potential for plugging of melt flow due to its complete solidification providing the availability of an adequate heat sink. Simulations of the melt flow in a horizontal tube were carried out to conduct a sensitivity study on the effect of key parameters on the melt penetration distance and bulk temperature distribution of the corium. The Reynolds number was varied from 10,000 to 20,000, inlet temperature was varied from 2600 K to 3000 K, the corium thermal conductivity was varied from 10 W/m·K to 20 W/m·K, and the pipe diameter was varied from 0.0095 m to 0.019 m. In addition, a comparison was made with an analytical model based on a modified Epstein's model and a previous numerical model. The study provided insight into the lower bound, which was found to be 98 mm, and the upper bound was 258 mm when predicting the potential penetration length of corium in horizontal pipes.
A Study of Superhomogenization Applied to PHWR Lattices
Authors: Ferguson Thomas A. , Nichita Eleodor M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To reduce computational expenses, full-core production-type neutronics calculations are customarily performed using a simplified core-model whereby large regions of the core, called nodes, are assumed to be homogeneous. The process of generating the few-group homogenized-node macroscopic cross sections is called lattice homogenization. The simplest homogenization method is standard homogenization (SH) and full-core models based on it do not usually reproduce heterogeneous-core calculations too closely. To improve agreement between node-homogenized core results and heterogeneous-core results, advanced homogenization techniques are used. Such techniques tend to use additional parameters besides homogenized macroscopic cross sections. Superhomogenization (SPH) is an advanced lattice homogenization method, which has been developed initially for light-water-reactor (LWR) lattices whereby fuel elements are arranged in a rectangular array. It has the advantage of not requiring any modification to the full-core diffusion code for its implementation. For LWRs, SPH establishes neutronic equivalence between detailed-geometry heterogeneous fuel-pin cells and homogenized fuel-pin cells by adjusting homogenized multigroup macroscopic cross sections and diffusion coefficients. This work investigates the possible use of the SPH methodology for pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) lattices whose fuel pins are arranged in concentric rings rather than in a rectangular array. Results for single-node (SN) as well as multinode (MN) lattice-calculation models are presented. Results show that, with proper region definition, the SPH methodology can be used for PHWR lattices but that improvement in homogenization accuracy is only marginal compared with SH when comparing results for the same type of lattice model (SN or MN).