bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of a function affect model for residents with advanced dementia
Authors: Chang Esther , Edenborough Michel , Nicholls Daniel , Johnson Amanda , Brownhill Suzanne , Simard Joyce 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThis article presents the generation of a model of care encompassing “function” and “affect” based on findings from a 2011 research project aimed at improving care delivery for people with advanced dementia. Objectives were to provide comprehensive and sustainable care, honouring and respecting the person.BackgroundDementia is a debilitating, progressive, and terminal disease with a trajectory ranging from approximately 3 to 16 years, yet attention to end‐of‐life care, promoting comfort, alleviating suffering, and maximizing quality of life is frequently overlooked for people living in the advanced stages of the disease.MethodsThe research project from which the model was drawn used a three‐phase mixed methods approach at three residential aged care facilities (nursing homes) providing high care in New South Wales, Australia. Thematic analysis was elicited from focus group discussions with staff, family members, and carers of residents.FindingsThemes describe distinct dimensions of a model of care: “function” (dedication, designation, and deliberation) and “affect” (the personal outcomes revealed in relaxation, stimulation, and transformation).ConclusionReframing nursing practice from task and disease orientation to person centred and relationship focused is essential in meeting the complete needs of people with advanced dementia. This transformational model of care may be useful in adapting to other end‐of‐life care settings.
Fiscal Pressure of Migration and Horizontal Fiscal Inequality: Evidence from Indian Experience
Authors: Chakraborty Pinaki , Garg Shatakshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines the patterns and trends in inter‐State migration across the Indian States and observes that along with the demographic factors, migration is also affected by the fiscal profile of States. Controlling for the economic prosperity of States as reflected in their per capita Net State Domestic Product and the nature of fiscal policy stance, econometric estimation using the gravity model suggests that level of vertical federal transfers and its horizontal distribution is an important determinant of the pattern of inter State migration. To correct for the extant horizontal fiscal inequality across the Indian States, the article suggests a relatively more progressive transfer system and a developmental fiscal policy stance at the State level to reduce the pressure of out‐migration to prosperous regions of the country.
RAG gene defects at the verge of immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation
Authors: Villa Anna , Notarangelo Luigi D. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMutations of the recombinase activating genes (RAG) in humans underlie a broad spectrum of clinical and immunological phenotypes that reflect different degrees of impairment of T‐ and B‐cell development and alterations of mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance. Recent studies have shown that this phenotypic heterogeneity correlates, albeit imperfectly, with different levels of recombination activity of the mutant RAG proteins. Furthermore, studies in patients and in newly developed animal models carrying hypomorphic RAG mutations have disclosed various mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in this condition. Careful annotation of clinical outcome and immune reconstitution in RAG‐deficient patients who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has shown that progress has been made in the treatment of this disease, but new approaches remain to be tested to improve stem cell engraftment and durable immune reconstitution. Finally, initial attempts have been made to treat RAG deficiency with gene therapy.
Primary immunodeficiencies reveal the essential role of tissue neutrophils in periodontitis
Authors: Silva Lakmali M. , Brenchley Laurie , Moutsopoulos Niki M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPeriodontitis is a common human inflammatory disease. In this condition, microbiota trigger excessive inflammation in oral mucosal tissues surrounding the dentition, resulting in destruction of tooth‐supporting structures (connective tissue and bone). While susceptibility factors for common forms of periodontitis are not clearly understood, studies in patients with single genetic defects reveal a critical role for tissue neutrophils in disease susceptibility. Indeed, various genetic defects in the development, egress from the bone marrow, chemotaxis, and extravasation are clearly linked to aggressive/severe periodontitis at an early age. Here, we provide an overview of genetic defects in neutrophil biology that are linked to periodontitis. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms underlying Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency‐I, the prototypic Mendelian defect of impaired neutrophil extravasation and severe periodontitis.
Emerging insights into human health and NK cell biology from the study of NK cell deficiencies
Authors: Mace Emily M. , Orange Jordan S. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryHuman NK cells are innate immune effectors that play a critical roles in the control of viral infection and malignancy. The importance of their homeostasis and function can be demonstrated by the study of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), which are part of the family of diseases known as inborn defects of immunity. While NK cells are affected in many PIDs in ways that may contribute to a patient's clinical phenotype, a small number of PIDs have an NK cell abnormality as their major immunological defect. These PIDs can be collectively referred to as NK cell deficiency (NKD) disorders and include effects upon NK cell numbers, subsets, and/or functions. The clinical impact of NKD can be severe including fatal viral infection, with particular susceptibility to herpesviral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein‐Barr virus. While NKD is rare, studies of these diseases are important for defining specific requirements for human NK cell development and homeostasis. New themes in NK cell biology are emerging through the study of both known and novel NKD, particularly those affecting cell cycle and DNA damage repair, as well as broader PIDs having substantive impact upon NK cells. In addition, the discovery of NKD that affects other innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets opens new doors for better understanding the relationship between conventional NK cells and other ILC subsets. Here, we describe the biology underlying human NKD, particularly in the context of new insights into innate immune cell function, including a discussion of recently described NKD with accompanying effects on ILC subsets. Given the impact of these disorders upon human immunity with a common focus upon NK cells, the unifying message of a critical role for NK cells in human host defense singularly emerges.
Affected family member coping with a relative with alcohol and/or other drug misuse: A cross‐sectional survey questionnaire
Authors: McCann Terence V. , Stephenson John , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFamilies have a crucial role supporting a relative with alcohol and/or other drug misuse, but the role has adverse implications for family members’ coping, which in turn, affects their ability and willingness to support the relative. The aim of this study was to assess the coping behaviours of affected family members of relatives with alcohol and/or other drug misuse and to assess if there was a relationship between the level of coping and family member type and support‐giving experience. A cross‐sectional survey design was used, and 90 respondents completed the questionnaire. Results suggest the following associations: that ‘Other’ family members made more frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies than intimate partners (P = 0.012); family members whose role had a negative effect on their physical health made more frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies than those whose role did not have this effect (P = 0.014); and family members whose role had a negative effect on their ability to socialise used maladaptive coping strategies more often than those whose role did not have this effect (P = 0.003). Engaged and tolerant‐inactive maladaptive coping strategies had a significantly greater adverse influence on family members’ physical health and/or socialising than withdrawal coping strategies. Affected family members should be supported to use adaptive coping strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of their support‐giving role and to sustain them in this crucial support‐giving role. Family and friends, mental health nurses, and other clinicians in the alcohol and other drug field have an important role in supporting family members in this context.
Erosive tooth wear among preschool children in Hong Kong
Authors: Duangthip Duangporn , Chen Kitty Jieyi , Gao Sherry Shiqian , Lussi Adrian , Lo Edward Chin Man , Chu Chun Hung 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear among 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children in Hong Kong and to determine the effect of socio‐economic factors, dental habits, and oral hygiene on their dental erosive wear status.MethodsStratified random sampling was adopted. Their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their children's backgrounds. A single examiner evaluated the children for erosive tooth wear using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between erosive wear and the children's socio‐economic factors, dental habits, and oral hygiene.Results1204 children participated in this study. Prevalence of erosive tooth wear (BEWE score > 0) was 14.9%. Among these, 153 children (12.8%) had initial wear, 21 children (1.8%) had distinct tooth loss, and five (0.4%) had severe erosive wear. Prevalence of erosive wear among the 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐old children was 10.7%, 15.0%, and 17.7%, respectively. Increasing age, the low education of mother and high plaque scores were risk factors of erosive wear (P < 0.05).ConclusionPrevalence of erosive tooth wear is low among preschool children in Hong Kong. The erosive tooth wear prevalence increased with increasing age, lower education of mother, and poorer oral hygiene.
Effects of sintering process on the structural, dielectric, and optical absorption properties of KNbO3‐based ceramics
Authors: Gennari Ronaldo C. , Lang Rossano , Eiras José A. , Lente Manuel H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of the sintering temperature and the dwell time on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of [KNbO3]0.8[Ba(Ni0.5Nb0.5)O3−δ]0.2 ceramics (KBNNO) was systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction measurements of the ceramic bodies sintered at different temperatures indicated that all samples presented a cubic‐like structure. However, the results remarkably revealed that both the sintering temperature and the dwell time are crucial factors that must be taken into account for “tuning” the optical response of the KBNNO ceramics. It was concluded that fine distortions in the (Nb,Ni)O6 octahedral site, induced by sintering temperature and dwell time, promoted subtle changes in the local crystal field and, consequently, in the optical properties of the KBNNO. The mechanisms responsible for the observed spectral features of KBNNO were discussed by considering absorbance spectra of NiNb2O6 ceramics and allowed ligand‐field transitions. The comparison between both optical spectra revealed a notable similarity between them. Since the octahedral site in KBNNO is equivalent to the nickel columbite structure, it was inferred that the spectral behavior is mainly driven by the same two contributions: one major associated to a distorted octahedral configuration and one minor related to spin‐orbit coupling effects. In accordance with X‐ray diffraction data, the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties corroborated that the KBNNO present a cubic‐like phase in the whole temperature range investigated.
Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of La2(Zr1−xTix)3(MoO4)9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Wu Haitao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLa2(Zr1−xTix)3(MoO4)9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid‐state reaction method. XRD analysis showed that La2(Zr1−xTix)3(MoO4)9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics belonged to a trigonal system. Based on the chemical bond theory, the consequences of bond energy, bond ionicity, lattice energy, and thermal expansion coefficient of ceramics on microwave dielectric properties were discussed. As Ti4+ addition was increased, the reduction in dielectric constant was ascribed to the fact that the polarizability of Ti4+ is smaller than Zr4+, and the downward trend was related to the bond ionicity. Besides, the tendency of Q·f value depended on the packing fraction and the lattice energy. The improvement in τf value, the increase in bond energy, and the decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion were all correlated. The far‐infrared spectra implied that the absorptions of structural phonon oscillation were the main reason for the maximum polarization contribution. La2(Zr0.92Ti0.08)3(MoO4)9 ceramics sintered at 750°C for 4 hours exhibited the best dielectric properties (εr = 10.33, Q·f = 80 658 GHz, and τf = 3.48 ppm/°C).
Designing zinc oxide nanostructures (nanoworms, nanoflowers, nanowalls, and nanorods) by pulsed laser ablation technique for gas‐sensing application
Authors: Labis Joselito P. , Al‐Anazi Anwar Q. , Al‐Brithen Hamad A. , Hezam Mahmoud , Alduraibi Mohammad Abdulaziz , Algarni Ahmad , Alharbi Abdulaziz A. , Al‐Awadi Abdulrhman S. , Khan Aslam , El‐Toni Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, pulsed laser ablation technique, also known as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), is used to design and grow zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (nanoworms, nanowalls, and nanorods) by template/seeding approach for gas‐sensing applications. Conventionally, ZnO nanostructures used for gas‐sensing have been usually prepared via chemical route, where the 3D/2D nanostructures are chemically synthesized and subsequently plated on an appropriate substrate. However, using pulsed laser ablation technique, the ZnO nanostructures are structurally designed and grown directly on a substrate using a two‐step temperature‐pressure seeding approach. This approach has been optimized to design various ZnO nanostructures by understanding the effect of substrate temperature in the 300‐750°C range under O2 gas pressure from 10‐mTorr to 10 Torr. Using a thin ZnO seed layer as template that is deposited first at substrate temperature of ~300°C at background oxygen pressure of 10 mTorr on Si(100), ZnO nanostructures, such as nanoworms, nanowalls, and nanorods (with secondary flower‐like growth) were grown at substrate temperatures and oxygen background pressures of (550°C and 2 Torr), (550°C and 0.5 Torr), and (650°C and 2 Torr), respectively. The morphology and the optical properties of ZnO nanostructures were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM‐EDX), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The PLD‐grown ZnO nanostructures are single‐crystals and are highly oriented in the c‐axis. The vapor‐solid (VS) model is proposed to be responsible for the growth of ZnO nanostructures by PLD process. Furthermore, the ZnO nanowall structure is a very promising nanostructure due to its very high surface‐to‐volume ratio. Although ZnO nanowalls have been grown by other methods for sensor application, to this date, only a very few ZnO nanowalls have been grown by PLD for this purpose. In this regard, ZnO nanowall structures are deposited by PLD on an Al2O3 test sensor and assessed for their responses to CO and ethanol gases at 50 ppm, where good responses were observed at 350 and 400°C, respectively. The PLD‐grown ZnO nanostructures are very excellent materials for potential applications such as in dye‐sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and biological and gas sensors.
In‐situ determination of the HfO2–Ta2O5‐temperature phase diagram up to 3000°C
Authors: McCormack Scott J. , Tseng Kuo‐Pin , Weber Richard J. K. , Kapush Denys , Ushakov Sergey V. , Navrotsky Alexandra , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe previously unknown experimental HfO2–Ta2O5‐temperature phase diagram has been elucidated up to 3000°C using a quadrupole lamp furnace and conical nozzle levitator system equipped with a CO2 laser, in conjunction with synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. These in‐situ techniques allowed the determination of the following: (a) liquidus, solidus, and invariant transformation temperatures as a function of composition from thermal arrest experiments, (b) determination of equilibrium phases through testing of reversibility via in‐situ X‐ray diffraction, and (c) molar volume measurements as a function of temperature for equilibrium phases. From these, an experimental HfO2–Ta2O5‐temperature phase diagram has been constructed which is consistent with the Gibbs Phase Rule.
RETRACTED: The long non‐coding RNA‐ROR promotes osteosarcoma progression by targeting miR‐206
Authors: Fei Dan , Sui Guoqing , Lu Yang , Tan Long , Dongxu Zhao , Zhang Kewei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA regulator of reprogramming (lncRNA‐ROR) has been reported to play crucial regulatory roles in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple cancers. However, whether ROR is associated with the initiation and development of osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. Here, we found that ROR expression level was significantly up‐regulated in OS tissue samples compared to adjacent normal tissues, and the elevated ROR was closely correlated with advanced tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival rate. Functional assays showed that ROR knockdown suppressed the OS cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro, and retarded tumour growth in vivo. In addition, miR‐206 was verified to be a target miRNA of ROR using bioinformatics online program and luciferase report assay. miR‐206 inhibition partially rescued the inhibitory effects on OS cells induced by ROR knockdown. In conclusion, these results suggested that ROR function as an oncogene in OS by sponging miR‐206 and might be a potential therapeutic target for patients with OS.
Curcumin encapsulation by spray drying using Aloe vera mucilage as encapsulating agent
Authors: Medina‐Torres L. , Núñez‐Ramírez D. M. , Calderas F. , Bernad‐Bernad M. J. , Gracia‐Mora J. , Rodríguez‐Ramírez J. , González‐Laredo R. F. , Gallegos‐Infante J. A. , Manero O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, curcumin was spray‐dried (SD) with Aloe vera mucilage as the encapsulating agent giving particular attention to the effect of the relevant process parameters (feed flow rate, atomization speed, and inlet air temperature) on the resulting properties of the SD powders. The powders obtained were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, rheology, and release profiles. Results show that the best drying conditions are low SD inlet air temperature (150 °C), low feed flow rate (1.5 L/hr), and high atomization speed (27,500 rpm). These conditions produced particles with smooth morphologies, preserving the total phenolic content (0.0611 μg EAG), with a radical scavenging capacity of 911.48 μmol Trolox/mg. Release profiles revealed an extended release of encapsulated material with a maximum of about 65% at 24 hr for these conditions and point out the suitability of encapsulated systems for potential applications in functional foods, antioxidant systems, pharmaceutical, and organic pigments.Practical applicationsThis research presents an optimization method to obtain powders of mucilage (Aloe vera, Av)‐curcumin (Cu) by spray drying (SD), where the Av was used as wall material to encapsulate Cu and obtain the best process conditions (SD) to produce prolonged delivery systems of antioxidant compounds that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The encapsulated systems were analyzed by rheological tests and were supported with other characterizations, such as antioxidant capacity, morphology (SEM), chemical (FT‐IR), and releasing profiles.
Shelf life of grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish stored under refrigerated conditions
Authors: Pyz‐Łukasik Renata , Paszkiewicz Waldemar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobiological, pH, color and texture changes in the muscles of grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish during 14 days of refrigeration storage were investigated. The level of aerobic bacteria that is unacceptable for fresh fish (7.0 log cfu/g) was reached only in wels catfish muscles during this period. The pH values in the muscle tissues that were of unacceptable quality, from the investigated fish species, ranged between 6.32 and 6.75. The herbivorous fish species displayed a change in the muscle tissue color. The L* parameter value for the fish of unacceptable quality was higher by 9.7% (grass carp) and up to 22.7% (bighead carp) than for fresh fish. The fish species gradually lost hardness and toughness during the storage period. The hardness of the fish of unacceptable quality was lower by 25.8–64% and the toughness by 25.2–60.8% as against fresh fish. The earliest unacceptable organoleptic quality occurred in wels catfish (6 days of storage), followed by grass carp, bighead carp, and S. sturgeon (12 days of storage).Practical applicationsGrass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish are food fish of commercial significance in many countries. Fresh fish are highly perishable foods. One of the methods of preservation fresh fish is storage in refrigeration conditions. This method is widely used in the fish industry and distribution. The results of this study can be used by manufacturers, distributors, traders, and in scientific studies on the shelf life of fish stored in refrigeration conditions.