bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and analysis of a library of miRNA in gold-coloured mutant leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Li Weixing , He Zhichong , Yang Shunbo , Ye Yunling , Jiang Huiru , Wang Li 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To gain insights into the regulatory networks of miRNAs related to golden colour formation in Ginkgo biloba leaves, we constructed an sRNA library of golden-green striped mutant leaves. A total of 213 known miRNAs comprising 54 miRNA families were obtained, and 214 novel miRNAs were identified in the mutant leaves. We further constructed a normal green leaf sRNA library as a control and compared the expression of miRNAs between mutant and normal leaves. We found 42 known and 54 novel differential expression candidate miRNAs; 39 were up-regulated and 57 down-regulated in mutants compared to normal leaves. Our transcriptome analysis and annotation of the predicted targets indicated that the potential roles of miRNAs in G. biloba leaves included involvement in the ‘Glutathione metabolism’, ‘Plant circadian rhythm’, and ‘Phenylalanine metabolism’ categories. miRNAs and their targets were further validated by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR159a and miR159c, in particular, was significantly higher in mutant leaves than in normal leaves, while their potential target gene CLT3, which is associated with chloroplast development, displayed the opposite expression pattern. In addition, the expression of miR396g-3p and miR396h was also significantly higher in mutant leaves than in normal leaves, while the target genes ABP1 (auxin-related gene) and PPR32 (chloroplast RNA editing protein), respectively, showed the opposite expression pattern. Combined with the transcriptome analysis, these data suggest that miR159, miR396, and their targets may participate in chloroplast development and hormone metabolism to regulate colour formation in G. biloba leaves.
Effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi in the protection of juniper, rose, yew and highbush blueberry against Alternaria alternata
Authors: Mazur Stanisław , Nadziakiewicz Małgorzata , Kurzawińska Halina , Nawrocki Jacek 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
After conducting two-year observations in nurseries in the Małopolska province, Poland, the species of shrubs on which symptoms of discoloration and withering of the leaves/needles and shoots, and sometimes of whole plants, occurred most frequently were selected for further study. The species included juniper (Juniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’, rose (Rosa ‘Star Profusion’), yew (Taxus × media ‘Hillii’) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum ‘Patriot’). The predominant fungus isolated from the diseased plants was Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. A pathogenicity test performed in the laboratory confirmed the pathogenic effects of A. alternata on all of the tested species of shrubs. In 2011-2014, a field experiment was conducted with A. alternata inoculum introduced into the growth substrate. The presence of the pathogen reduced considerably the annual growth of all the shrubs tested. The applied mycorrhizal inocula had an effect on some morphological characteristics of plants, such as height and number of shoots. Moreover, the plants whose roots had been treated with the mycorrhizal inocula and were grown in the substrate inoculated with the pathogen also achieved greater increases in growth in comparison with the plants treated with the pathogen as well as relative to the control. The protective role of mycorrhizal inocula against the damaging effects of the pathogen was evident in all the species of shrubs.
The use of a magnetic flux leakage in the assessment of the technical state of a steel wire rope subjected to bending
Authors: Mazurek Paweł , Kwaśniewski Jerzy , Roskosz Maciej , Siwoń-Olszewski Ryszard 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The technical state of steel wire ropes has a decisive impact on the safety of people using the equipment in which they are installed. The basis for increasing safety is the ability to assess the condition of the working steel wire. The article presents the use of magnetometric sensors to determine the relationship between the number of steel wire rope bends and its magnetic field induction value. This knowledge, referred to ropes working on real objects, allows to determine the state of stress prevailing in them as well as their condition.
Estimation of Government Spending Multiplier in EU Economies
Authors: Senekovič Marko , Kavkler Alenka , Bekő Jani 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to estimate government consumption multiplier and to examine the effect of various characteristics of countries on the size of fiscal multiplier. We apply a panel VAR model following Ilzetzki et al. (2013) for a sample of 28 EU countries covering the period from 1995 to 2017. Key findings are, first, the estimated average fiscal multiplier is larger than unity. Second, the size of fiscal multiplier is larger in the cases of lower public indebtedness, for more developed European countries and for more financially open economies, which is also in line with relevant empirical literature. Regarding the role of trade openness, the results are inconclusive. In addition to this, membership of countries in the European integrations positively affects the size of fiscal multiplier. Therefore, fiscal policymakers should use fiscal stimuli as the instrument of boosting short-term economic growth selectively and consider country-specific characteristics. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion in two ways, it examines the effect of additional characteristics of countries on the size of fiscal multiplier and updates existing empirical literature.
The Black Dog of Swimming: Mental Illness and Australia’s Sporting Industrial Complex
Authors: Kampmark Binoy 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article considers the cultural and social crisis facing the sporting celebrity, with specific reference to the Australian athlete in the field of swimming. In that sense, this paper argues that parallels in other political systems for ruthless, sustained success, and the loss occasioned by it to individual sports figures, should be considered. Liberal democracies can still be perpetrating systems of sporting depression and mental illness, undermining their representatives in a relentless drive for performance and medals. The problem lies in what might be best described as a sporting industrial complex, one that emerged in Australia with the professionalization of sports.
Differences in the Perceived Attractiveness of Non-contact and Combative Athletes' Facial Pictures
Authors: Vajda Petr , Strašilová Kateřina , Reguli Zdenko 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Female mating strategies and partner preferences are influenced by many factors. Depending on the life context, the preference for either a long-term or a short-term relationship, the willingness to have off-spring, or the current fertility conditions can be key factors. Differences can largely be traced to the perception of physical masculinity and the ability to provide and raise offspring. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to describe changes in the female perception of the attractiveness of facial photographs of male elite golfers (non-contact sport) and MMA fighters (combative sport) in connection with the following factors: age, sexual activity/passivity, use of hormonal contraceptives, duration of actual relation-ship, and number of children. Data for this study were collected using an anonymous questionnaire that included photos of the athletes in a random order and a 1-10 rating scale (10 indicating the most attractive). The research sample consisted of 1,035 female participants. The statistical significance was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, Eta2, and Cohen's d for the average ratings of the contact and non-contact athletes. The female participants slightly preferred the golfers’ pictures. This preference grew significantly with age and number of children. A possible explanation for these results may be the participants’ decreasing fertility or the willingness to have another child in the Czech socio-culture. In such cases, the strong masculine features typical of combative athletes could be less important. In contrast to some earlier findings, contraceptive use did not affect the perception of male attractiveness compared to the entire sample's average ratings, furthermore, neither did sexual activity/passivity.
Sentimentality versus Transformation of the Historical Traditional Rural Landscape (A Case Study: The Landscape of Dutch Law Settlement in Poland)
Authors: Markuszewska Iwona 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe study concentrated on social attitudes towards landscape heritage and the how the place of living was perceived in the context of the transformation of the rural landscape that is currently taking place. The following question was formulated: Are individuals’ approaches to landscape and their attachment to their place of living essential in terms of landscaping and future landscape changes? The research revealed that individual perceptions of rurality and the historical traditional rural landscape (HTRL) varied in different groups of interviewees. Nevertheless, observing the loss of the landscape’s beauty was a traumatic experience, and destructive changes to the landscape were difficult to accept for most of individuals who had spent their lives in the countryside and who felt a strong sense of patrimony. Conversely, the HTRL presented a less important value to other respondents, thus the destruction they observed of the local heritage induced less painful feelings in them. Overall, the results suggest that it is one’s personal interest that will ultimately decide about his/her preservation of the HTRL in the nearest future.
The Delimitation of Landscape Units for the Planning of Protection – The Example of the Forests by Upper Liswarta Landscape Park
Authors: Sobala Michał , Pukowiec-Kurda Katarzyna , Żemła-Siesicka Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe delimitation of landscape units can be helpful in the preparation of studies related to landscape protection and landscaping. The aim of this article is to propose the modification of the method of local landscape delimitation developed for the landscape audit for the needs of protected areas. The comparison of two methods of delimitation indicates that the same area can be assigned to different landscape types and subtypes. The proposed modification of the method of landscape unit delimitation allows a more detailed reflection of the landscape and its links to the administrative boundaries of administrative communities.
Culinary Heritage as an Opportunity to Make Lubelskie Voivodeship’s Tourist Offer More Attractive (E Poland)
Authors: Skowronek Ewa , Brzezińska-Wójcik Teresa , Stasiak Andrzej 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLubelskie voivodeship has been standing out from other Polish administrative regions because of its agricultural function that has been shaped for centuries. Food and agricultural products originating in this region are seen as healthy, ecological and tradition-based. These resources have been noticed and used by the local government for building the regional brand and for promoting it. The main aim of this paper was to present the level of Polish people’s familiarity with lubelskie culinary heritage. Research findings obtained by means of the preliminary study and the diagnostic poll prove initiatives that have been undertaken to be effective. Inhabitants of other voivodeships do recognise lubelskie voivodeship and its culinary tradition, furthermore, a great majority know regional products from lubelskie. A development of tourism based on such a heritage is therefore an opportunity to make lubelskie voivodeship’s tourist offer more attractive. The offer may also become an important component for creating the brand.
Dasymetric Modelling of Population Distribution – Large Data Approach
Authors: Dmowska Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExisting resources of population data, provided by national censuses in the form of areal aggregates, have usually insufficient resolution for many practical applications. Dasymetric modelling has been a standard technique to disaggregate census aggregates into finer grids. Although dasymetric modelling of population distribution is well-established, most literature focuses on proposing new variants of the technique, while only few are devoted to developing broad-scale population grids that could be used for real-life applications. This paper reviews literature on construction of broad-scale population grids using dasymetric modelling. It also describes an R implementation of fully automated framework to calculate such grids from aggregated data provided by national censuses. The presented implementation has been used to produce high resolution, multi-year comparable, U.S.-wide population datasets that are the part of the SocScape (Social Landscape) project.
Geomorphological Classification and Landforms Inventory of the Middle-Atlas Volcanic Province (Morocco): Scientific Value and Educational Potential
Authors: Amine Abdelmounji , El Amrani El Hassani Iz-Eddine , Remmal Toufik , El Kamel Fouad , Van Wyk De Vries Benjamin , Boivin Pierre 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Through the tabular morphology of northwestern part of the Middle-Atlas in Morocco, numerous uncovered monogenetic volcanoes arise structured of pyroclastic product layers and lava flows. Our fieldwork results witness a wide-ranging volcanic shape spectrum, as cones, maars, tuff-rings, and cone-maar mixes, generally associated with a later lava flow discharge that could develop many surfaces and appearances. There are withal sundry eruptive products such as pahoehoe lava, scoria, tuff, lapilli, peperites, base-surges, bombs, etc. This monogenetic volcanic field of practically 1000 km2 offers remarkable eruptive landforms, referred to as the largest, and the youngest volcanic field in Morocco, which consists of a large area within the Ifrane National Park. This fieldwork study provides a renewed volcanic geomorphological classification table and GIS data to be used by a wide public range for both educational and geo-touristic interest and access effectively to such a high-mountain natural museum. In the event that these volcanic structures were appropriately dealt with, the high educational scientific content and the notable touristic vocation would almost certainly create business openings and new financial wages for neighborhood populaces. This work focuses to share our outcomes and emphases the scientific value about the monogenetic volcanic field around the tabular Middle-Atlas in Morocco.
Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Tourist-Recreation Lake Evaluation and Development
Authors: Borkowski Grzegorz , Młynarczyk Adam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article concerns the use of remote sensing methods to assess the potential of tourism and recreation of lakes by using unmanned aerial vehicles as a tool that offers new measurement possibilities in such difficult areas to research as river and lake systems. For the purpose of the study, air surveys over three lakes used for tourism and recreation purposes were planned and carried out. These were the following lakes: Swarzędzkie, Wolsztyńskie and Zbąszyńskie located in western Poland. The photos were taken with a RGB and a multispectral cameras. On the basis of calculated orthophotomaps and digital surface models, anthropogenic and natural values were assessed. The examples of the research show the versatile possibilities of using drones dependent on the type sensor used. Remote sensing performed from the deck of an unmanned aircraft is widely used in the study of lakes and is an alternative to existing land and water research methods.
Franziscean Cadastre in Landscape Structure Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dolejš Martin , Forejt Michal 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Historical and archival sources are of cardinal importance in landscape research addressing the processes and course of landscape changes in European regions. The Franziscean cadastre from the 19th century is among the most widely used historical sources in Central Europe. We identified 1440 records, finally providing 104 articles reporting the use of the Franziscean cadastre for in-depth analyses in order to identify (i) the practice of the cadastral data processing, (ii) purpose and spatial extent of the study, (iii) use of complementary sources and (iv) particular land use/land cover classes under study. We have found the increasing attention towards the Franziscean cadastre as a source for landscape research reflected by the doubling number of records in the past decade with majority of the case studies located in Czechia (79), followed by Austria (9) and Italy (3). We have identified the trends in the use in landscape trajectory research and application to hydrology, agriculture and forestry. As regards the data processing, several issues connected with the methodology or design of the records were found (e.g. geographic information system processing description and data source specification). We further problematize the suitability of the supplementary data used and conclude our review with a set of recommendations to contribute to the discussion on the methodology of landscape reconstruction with historical datasets.
The importance of sexual, asexual and mixed ramet clusters in production of descendant ramets in populations of Solidago ×niederederi (Asteraceae)
Authors: Pliszko Artur , Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the potential production of descendant ramets in sexual, asexual, and mixed ramet clusters of Solidago ×niederederi Khek (Asteraceae), a natural hybrid between the North American S. canadensis and the European S. virgaurea. We selected eight populations of the hybrid occurring in southern Poland. The ANOVA results proved the significant effect of cluster type and population on the number of descendant ramets in sexual, asexual, and mixed ramet clusters. The post-hoc Tukey test showed that the number of descendant ramets in sexual and mixed ramet clusters differs significantly (p < 0.001). The number of descendant ramets was positively correlated with the number of maternal ramets in sexual, asexual, and mixed ramet clusters, reaching the coefficient values of 0.78, 0.64, and 0.82, respectively. Moreover, the number of descendant ramets was positively correlated with the height of maternal ramets in mixed ramet clusters, reaching the coefficient value of 0.25. The post-hoc Tukey test revealed the significant differences between the height of ramets originating from sexual and asexual ramet clusters (p < 0.001). Our results complemented the current state of knowledge and brought evidence that the number of descendant ramets might be influenced by a type of ramet cluster.
De Bello Robotico. An Ethical Assessment of Military Robotics
Authors: Campa Riccardo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article provides a detailed description of robotic weapons and unmanned systems currently used by the U.S. Military and its allies, and an ethical assessment of their actual or potential use on the battlefield. Firstly, trough a review of scientific literature, reports, and newspaper articles, a catalogue of ethical problems related to military robotics is compiled. Secondly, possible solutions for these problems are offered, by relying also on analytic tools provided by the new field of roboethics. Finally, the article explores possible future developments of military robotics and present six reasons why a war between humans and automata is unlikely to happen in the 21st century.
How an Advanced Neurocognitive Human Trait for Religious Capacity Fails to Form
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The authors present an evolutionary model for the biological emergence of religious capacity as an advanced neurocognitive trait. Using their model for the stages leading to the evolutionary emergence of religious capacity in Homo sapiens, they analyze the mechanisms that can fail, leading to unbelief (atheism or agnosticism). The analysis identifies some, but not all types of atheists and agnostics, so they turn their question around and, using the same evolutionary model, ask what keeps religion going. Why does its development not fail in one social group after another, worldwide? Their final analysis searches for reasons in important evolutionary changes in the senses of hearing, vision, and general sensitivity on the hominin line, which together interact with both intellectual and emotional brain networks to achieve, often in human groups, variously altered states of consciousness, especially a numinous state enabled in part by a brain organ, the precuneus. An inability to experience the numinous, consider it important, or believe in its supernatural nature, may cleave the human population into those with belief and those with unbelief.
Platform Biometrics
Authors: Crampton Jeremy W 
Published: April 2019

This article identifies and analyses the emergence of platform biometrics. Biometrics are measurements of behavioral and physical characteristics, such as facial expressions, gait, galvanic skin response, and palm or iris patterns. Platform biometrics not only promise to connect geographically distant actors but also to curate new forms of value. In this piece I describe Microsoft Face, one of the major facial biometric systems currently on the market; this software promises to analyze which of seven “universal” emotions a subject is experiencing. I then offer a critique of the assumptions behind the system. First, theories of emotion are divided on whether emotions can be reliably and measurably expressed by the face. Second, emotions may not be universal, nor are there likely only seven basic emotions. Third, I draw on the work of Rouvroy and Berns (2013) to identify emotion-recognition technologies as a classic example of algorithmic governance. To outcome algorithmic governance is to enable the subject to creation and govern surveillance. Platform biometrics will therefore provide a key component of surveillance capitalism’s appropriation of human experience (neuro-liberalism).
The Zeta and Related Functions: Recent Developments
Authors: Srivastava H. M. 
Published: April 2019

The main object of this survey-cum-expository article is to present an overview of some recent developments involving the Riemann Zeta function ζ(s), the Hurwitz (or generalized) Zeta function ζ(s, a), and the Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta function Φ(z, s, a), which have their roots in the works of the great eighteenth-century Swiss mathematician, Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) and the Russian mathematician, Christian Goldbach (1690–1764). We aim at considering the problems associated with the evaluations and representations of ζ(s) when s ∈ N \ {1}, N is the set of natural numbers, with emphasis upon several interesting classes of rapidly convergent series representations for ζ(2n+1) (n ∈ N). Symbolic and numerical computations using Mathematica (Version 4.0) for Linux will also be provided for supporting their computational usefulness. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.