bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast recognition algorithm for static traffic sign information
Authors: Guo Shaocui , Yang Xu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Aiming at the low recognition rate, low recognition efficiency, poor anti-interference and high missing detection rate of current traffic sign recognition methods, a fast recognition algorithm based on SURF for static traffic sign information of highway is proposed. The expansion of the digital morphological method is used to connect the cracks in the traffic sign. Traffic sign images are corroded according to the corrosion, and the connected areas are contracted or refined. Regions of interest are detected by region filling. According to the result of traffic sign image processing, the scale of traffic sign image is normalized by bilinear interpolation method, and the SURF feature points of traffic sign image are extracted. The FLANN algorithm is used to realize feature point matching, and the threshold is set to determine the best matching point. The matching result is output and the traffic sign information is recognized. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high recognition rate and recognition efficiency, strong anti-interference, and can control the rate of missing detection in a certain range.
Chemical reduction of methylene blue in the presence of nanocatalysts: a critical review
Authors: Begum Robina , Najeeb Jawayria , Sattar Ayesha , Naseem Khalida , Irfan Ahmad , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Farooqi Zahoor H. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) (3,7-bis (dimethylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium chloride) is a harmful pollutant and has been long been known for its detrimental effects on human health. Over the recent years, many strategies including reduction, oxidation, biological and photochemical degradation have been reported for converting this harmful dye into commercially useful products. Among the aforementioned strategies, the nanocatalytic reduction of MB into its reduced counterpart, i.e. leucomethylene blue, is considered more preferable because it has been reported to have numerous applications in various industrial fields in the academic literature. The reduction of MB is the kinetically unfavorable reaction. Henceforth, various nanocatalytic systems utilizing different kinds of stabilization mediums have reportedly been used for speeding up this particular reaction. This article attempts to not only describe the fundamental properties of the reduction reaction of MB but also present the classification of the recently reported nanocatalytic assemblies on the basis of the utilized supporting medium. Various techniques used for the characterization of nanocatalytic systems reported for the reduction of MB have been summarized in this review. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanistic studies of this nanocatalytic reaction have also been narrated here. This critical review has been written comprehensively to abridge the recent research progress in the assemblage of nanocatalytic systems used for the reduction of MB and to propose some new ideas for further development in this area.
Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes
Authors: Abo Bodjui Olivier , Gao Ming , Wang Yonglin , Wu Chuanfu , Ma Hongzhi , Wang Qunhui 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bioethanol is currently the only alternative to gasoline that can be used immediately without having to make any significant changes in the way fuel is distributed. In addition, the carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the combustion of bioethanol is the same as that used by the plant in the atmosphere for its growth, so it does not participate in the increase of the greenhouse effect. Bioethanol can be obtained by fermentation of plants containing sucrose (beet, sugar cane…) or starch (wheat, corn…). However, large-scale use of bioethanol implies the use of very large agricultural surfaces for maize or sugarcane production. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) such as agricultural residues for the production of bioethanol seems to be a solution to this problem due to its high availability and low cost even if its growth still faces technological difficulties. In this review, we present an overview of lignocellulosic biomass, the different methods of pre-treatment of LCB and the various fermentation processes that can be used to produce bioethanol from LCB.
A powerful test for ordinal trait genetic association analysis
Authors: Xue Yuan , Wang Jinjuan , Ding Juan , Zhang Sanguo , Li Qizhai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResponse selective sampling design is commonly adopted in genetic epidemiologic study because it can substantially reduce time cost and increase power of identifying deleterious genetic variants predispose to human complex disease comparing with prospective design. The proportional odds model (POM) can be used to fit data obtained by this design. Unlike the logistic regression model, the estimated genetic effect based on POM by taking data as being enrolled prospectively is inconsistent. So the power of resulted Wald test is not satisfactory. The modified POM is suitable to fit this type of data, however, the corresponding Wald test is not optimal when the genetic effect is small. Here, we propose a new association test to handle this issue. Simulation studies show that the proposed test can control the type I error rate correctly and is more powerful than two existing methods. Finally, we applied three tests to Anticyclic Citrullinated Protein Antibody data from Genetic Workshop 16.
Sliced inverse regression for integrative multi-omics data analysis
Authors: Jain Yashita , Ding Shanshan , Qiu Jing 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Advancement in next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics and other high-throughput technologies has enabled simultaneous measurement of multiple types of genomic data for cancer samples. These data together may reveal new biological insights as compared to analyzing one single genome type data. This study proposes a novel use of supervised dimension reduction method, called sliced inverse regression, to multi-omics data analysis to improve prediction over a single data type analysis. The study further proposes an integrative sliced inverse regression method (integrative SIR) for simultaneous analysis of multiple omics data types of cancer samples, including MiRNA, MRNA and proteomics, to achieve integrative dimension reduction and to further improve prediction performance. Numerical results show that integrative analysis of multi-omics data is beneficial as compared to single data source analysis, and more importantly, that supervised dimension reduction methods possess advantages in integrative data analysis in terms of classification and prediction as compared to unsupervised dimension reduction methods.
Legitimation strategies and theistic worldview in sociopolitical discourse: A systemic functional critical discourse analysis of Pakistani social media discussions
Authors: Rizwan Snobra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study employs a systemic functional critical discourse analytical approach to the analysis of integrated theistic worldview of Pakistani social media users. To achieve its end, the study focuses on legitimation strategies, where these strategies serve to construct certain truth claims of the people. So, three thousand comments (comprising 8,401 words and 90,423 words) from online discussion forums of Dawn.com and Zemtv.com were studied and discourse samples were collected for in-depth analysis. The legitimation strategies, it is argued, are condensed and interpersonally charged through certain lexico-grammatical choices which embody people’s integrated theistic worldviews. The identity(ies) and identification claims of Pakistanis are found to be internally cohesive, based on theistic legitimation claims. To represent, legitimize and justify their worldviews, Pakistani social media users recontextualize discourses constructed from various combinations of discursive strategies, supported by references to Islamic scripture and popular narratives. The study is a prelude to a more detailed investigation of discursive strategies which represent (de)legitimized worldview and discourses internalized by Pakistani Muslims. Such studies provide deeper insights into (de)construction of (de)legitimation strategies of a society and facilitate further development of systemic functional critical discourse analytical approaches to text and context relations.
Identification of twins in muscovite: an electron backscattered diffraction study
Authors: Zhao Shan-Rong , Xu Chang , Li Chuan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Twins in micas are difficultly identified due to mica’s hexagonal pseudosymmetry. Many theoretic studies on mica twins have been reported but experimental observations are very limited. In this paper, we present an electron backscattered diffraction analysis to identify twins in the muscovite in a quartz schist occurring in the UHP-HP metamorphic rock belt in Dabie Mountain, China. A trilling twin with twin law <310>/{110} is common in the muscovite. A six-couplet twin consisting of two trilling twins related by twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}(or <100>/{100}) has been discovered. This six-couplet twin contains many cross-twin relationships among the most common mica twin laws <310>/{110}, <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}. The composition plane for twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001} is {001} which is reasonable in mica structure to form a twin by rotation around twin axes, and that for twin law <310>/{110} is irregular based on EBSD resolution. A possible misindexation of a trilling twin or a 3T polytype during EBSD test is discussed, which is helpful to distinguish a twin from a polytype in micas. The occurring frequency of twin law <310>/{110} is higher than that of twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}, which is consistent to the deducing result from mica structure analysis. This research provides a convenient and effective EBSD method to identify mica twins and an experimental method to distinguish a twin from a polytype in micas, which is a problem confusing researchers for many years.
Preparation, Structural, Spectroscopic, Thermal, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Semi-Organic Material: Samarium Chloride-Thiourea-L-Tartaric acid
Authors: Slathia Goldy , Singh Deepa , Bamzai K.K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSamarium chloride-thiourea-l-tartaric acid (SCTuT): a semi-organic material was prepared in the form of a single crystal with an orthorhombic crystal structure and a space group Pnma. The crystallinity and purity of the single crystals were tested by powder X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the rod-like microstructure. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis has confirmed the elemental composition. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy analysis established the mode of coordination and functional groups. The thermal effects such as dehydration, melting and decomposition, etc. were observed by the thermogravimetric and differential thermoanalytical (TGA/DTA) analysis. Linear and non-linear characteristics of the compound were studied in detail. The optical band transitions due to C=O and C=S chromophores remain active in grown crystals and thus are recorded in the UV-Vis optical spectrum. The crystals possess finite values of non-linear absorption, non-linear refraction and third order nonlinearity as confirmed by Z-scan experiments.
Ternary transition metal gallides with TiNiSi, ZrBeSi and MgZn2-type structure
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Block Theresa , Klenner Steffen , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of ternary transition metal gallides around the equiatomic composition have been synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing. The compounds crystallize with site occupancy variants of the hexagonal Laves phase MgZn2, with the hexagonal ZrBeSi or the orthorhombic TiNiSi type. All samples have been characterized on the basis of their lattice parameters, determined by X-ray powder diffraction (Guinier technique). The structures of NbCr1.58Ga0.42and NbFe1.51Ga0.49(MgZn2type,P63/mmc), NbRhGa (ZrBeSi type,P63/mmc), and ScNiGa, ScPtGa and ScAuGa (TiNiSi type,Pnma) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The ScPtGa and ScAuGa crystals showed trilling formation. Mixed site occupancies were only observed in the Laves phases while all other crystals were well ordered. A striking structural motif of NbRhGa is the formation of niobium chains (264 pm Nb–Nb) along thecaxis. Several gallides were magnetically characterized. They are Pauli paramagnets. The two crystallographically independent iron sites in the Laves phase TaFeGa could be distinguished in the57Fe Mössbauer spectrum. The isomer shifts of 0.06(3) (Fe1) and –0.02(3) (Fe2) mm s−1indicate metallic iron.
Match-Play Temporal and Position-Specific Physical and Physiological Demands of Senior Hurlers
Authors: Young Damien , Beato Marco , Mourot Laurent , Coratella Giuseppe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Young, D, Beato, M, Mourot, L, and Coratella, G. Match-play temporal and position-specific physical and physiological demands of senior hurlers. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1759–1768, 2020—The aims of the current study were to examine the temporal differences in match-running performances and heart rate (HR) in elite senior hurling players between halves of play and field positions. Global positioning systems (10 Hz) and HR monitors were used to collect data from 48 players over 18 games. Running performances (total distance [TD], relative distance, high-speed running [HSR], sprint efforts [SE], mean length of sprints, and sprint distance [SD]) and HR values (HRmean and HRpeak) were assessed. Decrements in TD (p = 0.009, effect size [ES] = −0.15), relative distance (p = 0.009, ES = −0.18), HSR (p = 0.001, ES = −0.28), SE (p = 0.001, ES = −0.23), SD (p = 0.001, ES = −0.24), HRmean (p < 0.001, ES = −0.38), and HRpeak (p < 0.001, ES = −0.21) were found between halves. Half backs showed between-half decrements in all metrics (p < 0.05) except SD (p = 0.130, ES = −0.26). Midfielders (p < 0.001, ES = −0.68) and half forwards (p < 0.001, ES = −0.79) experienced second-half decrements in HSR. No decrements (p > 0.05) in running performances were found between halves for full backs. HRmean was lower in full backs (p = 0.007, ES = −0.46) and half backs (p = 0.001, ES = −0.76) in the second half. Coaches should consider the specific HSR between-half temporal decrements in half backs, midfielders, and half forwards, and customize training program design to minimize these decrements.
Specificity and Transfer of Lower-Body Strength: Influence of Bilateral or Unilateral Lower-Body Resistance Training
Authors: Appleby Brendyn B. , Cormack Stuart J. , Newton Robert U. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Appleby, BB, Cormack, SJ, and Newton, RU. Specificity and transfer of lower-body strength: Influence of bilateral or unilateral lower-body resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 318–326, 2019—To examine the development of lower-body strength using either bilateral or unilateral resistance training. Developmental rugby players (n = 33; mean training age = 5.4 ± 2.9 years; 1 repetition maximum [1RM] 90° squat = 178 ± 27 kg) completed an 18-week randomized controlled training design (bilateral group [BIL], n = 13; unilateral group [UNI], n = 10; comparison, n = 10). The 8-week training phase involved 2 lower-body, volume-load matched resistance sessions per week (6–8 sets × 4–8 reps at 45–88% 1RM), differing only in the prescription of a bilateral (back squat) or unilateral (step-up) resistance exercise. Maximum strength was assessed by a randomized order of 1RM back squat and step-up testing and analyzed for within- and between-group differences using effect sizes (ES ± 90% confidence limits [CL]). Both training groups showed practically important improvements in their trained exercise (ES ± 90% CL: BIL = 0.67 ± 0.48; UNI = 0.74 ± 0.38) with transfer to their nontrained resistance exercise (BIL step-up = 0.27 ± 0.39: UNI squat = 0.42 ± 0.39). The difference between groups in adaptation of squat strength was unclear (BIL ES = −0.34 ± 0.55), while the UNI group showed an advantage in step-up training (ES = 0.41 ± 0.36). The results demonstrate that practically important increases in lower-body strength can be achieved using bilateral or unilateral resistance training and development of that strength may be expressed in the movement not trained, supporting the transfer of strength training between exercises of similar joint movements and muscles. Coaches may choose to incorporate unilateral strength training where the prescription of bilateral training may be inhibited.
External Cueing Influences Drop Jump Performance in Trained Young Soccer Players
Authors: Oliver Jon L. , Barillas Saldiam R. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Moore Isabel , Pedley Jason 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Oliver, JL, Barillas, SR, Lloyd, RS, Moore, I, and Pedley, J. External cueing influences drop jump performance in trained young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1700–1706, 2021—Drop jump (DJ) characteristics provide insight on power production and injury risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of external cueing on DJ characteristics in young male soccer players. Fourteen academy soccer players performed DJs with 4 different conditions, control (CONT), contact cue (CC), height cue (HC), and quiet cue (QC). Performance measures were reactive strength index (RSI), jump height, ground contact time (GCT), and take-off impulse, with injury risk reflected by impact peak, impact timing, and landing impulse. Contact cue showed a very large significant reduction in GCT (effect size [ES] > 2.0, p < 0.05), and moderate to large increase in RSI, landing impulse, and push-off impulse (ES 0.70–1.55, p < 0.05) compared with all other conditions. Contact cue also moderately increased impact peak when compared with HC and QC (ES ≥ 0.78, p < 0.05). Height cue led to a significant increase in jump height that was moderately greater than other external cues (ES ≥ 0.87, p < 0.05), but with only a small nonsignificant increase compared (ES 0.54, p > 0.05) with CONT. The data showed that all cues provided a specific response; CC reduced GCT and increased RSI, HC increased jump height, and QC reduced outcomes associated with injury risk. Height cue may be advantageous for young soccer players with a low training age because it shows a small to moderate increase in jump height without increasing injury risk. Young players may need to be safely progressed to be able to use a CC to facilitate high reactive strength without being exposed to undue injury risk.
Match-Play Demands of Elite U17 Hurlers During Competitive Matches
Authors: Young Damien , Mourot Laurent , Beato Marco , Coratella Giuseppe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Young, D, Mourot, L, Beato, M, and Coratella, G. Match-play demands of elite U17 hurlers during competitive matches. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1982–1989, 2020—The current study aimed to quantify the match-play workload in elite male under 17 hurlers, measuring the differences between the first and second halves and between positions. Global positioning system (10-Hz) and heart rate monitors were used to collect data from 76 players during 18 matches. Players' total distance (TD), relative distance (RD), high-speed running (HSR), the number and length of sprints, and the total sprint distance (TSD) was 6,483 ± 1,145 m, 108 ± 19 m·min−1, 583 ± 215 m, 18 ± 6, 15 ± 3 m, and 272 ± 77 m, respectively. Peak and mean heart rate were 194 ± 8 b·min−1 and 167 ± 4 b·min−1, respectively. Decrements in TD (p < 0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.72), RD (p < 0.001, ES = 0.72), HSR (p < 0.001, ES = 0.55), the number of sprints (p < 0.001, ES = 0.57), mean length of sprint (p < 0.011, ES = 0.25), TSD (p < 0.001, ES = 0.69), mean heart rate (p < 0.001, ES = 0.35), and peak heart rate (p < 0.001, ES = 0.52) were found between halves. Largely-to-very largely greater TD, RD, and HSR were covered by midfielders, half-backs, and half-forwards compared with full-backs and full-forwards. No between-position difference was found in peak and mean heart rate. The current results are the first to highlight the differences in external and internal position-specific workload in elite male under 17 hurlers. Coaches need to consider the position-specific demands and between-half drop-off to prepare young hurlers appropriately to repeat the match-play performances of competition.
Priming the Motor Cortex With Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Affects the Acute Inhibitory Corticospinal Responses to Strength Training
Authors: Frazer Ashlyn K. , Howatson Glyn , Ahtiainen Juha P. , Avela Janne , Rantalainen Timo , Kidgell Dawson J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Frazer, AK, Howatson, G, Ahtiainen, JP, Avela, J, Rantalainen, T, and Kidgell, DJ. Priming the motor cortex with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation affects the acute inhibitory corticospinal responses to strength training. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 307–317, 2019—Synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex (M1) is associated with strength training (ST) and can be modified by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The M1 responses to ST increase when anodal tDCS is applied during training due to gating. An additional approach to improve the M1 responses to ST, which has not been explored, is to use anodal tDCS to prime the M1 before a bout of ST. We examined the priming effects of anodal tDCS of M1 on the acute corticospinal responses to ST. In a randomized double-blinded cross-over design, changes in isometric strength, corticospinal excitability, and inhibition (assessed as area under the recruitment curve [AURC] using transcranial magnetic stimulation) were analyzed in 13 adults exposed to 20 minutes of anodal tDCS and sham tDCS followed by a ST session of the right elbow flexors. We observed a significant decrease in isometric elbow-flexor strength immediately after training (11–12%; p < 0.05), which was not different between anodal tDCS and sham tDCS. Transcranial magnetic stimulation revealed a 24% increase in AURC for corticospinal excitability after anodal tDCS and ST; this increase was not different between conditions. However, there was a 14% reduction in AURC for corticospinal inhibition when anodal tDCS was applied before ST when compared with sham tDCS and ST (all p < 0.05). Priming anodal tDCS had a limited effect in facilitating corticospinal excitability after an acute bout of ST. Interestingly, the interaction of anodal tDCS and ST seems to affect the excitability of intracortical inhibitory circuits of the M1 through nonhomeostatic mechanisms.