bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fur and sustainability: Oxymoron or key to ‘deeper’ luxury?
Authors: Csaba Fabian Faurholt , Skjold Else 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article explores the notion of deeper luxury, which insists that ‘real’ luxury should involve sustainable practices in the production and consumption of luxury goods. It traces historical and recent developments in the field of fur to understand the implications, uncertainties and ambiguities of luxury’s confrontation with sustainability. Considering fur in relation to future standards for luxury products, we raise questions about moral problematization and justification of luxury in terms of sustainability. We first examine the encounter of luxury with sustainability and explain the significance of the notion of ‘deeper luxury’. After taking stock of the impact of sustainability on luxury and various directions in which sustainable luxury is evolving, we discuss concepts of sustainable development in relation to the history of moral problematization of luxury. This leads to the case of fur as material used to establish social distinctions from at least medieval times to the present and subject to moral condemnation and controversy. Our case inquiry reviews recent research projects and industry initiatives that seek to determine whether fur can be seen as sustainable or not. The article discusses whether fur is about to lose or reclaim its legitimacy in an era of sustainable luxury, and concludes with reflections on depth and sustainable luxury.
Secret Agents
Authors: Apprich Clemens 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
“Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence” (GOFAI), which was based on a symbolic information-processing model of the mind, has been superseded by neural-network models to describe and create intelligence. Rather than a symbolic representation of the world, the idea is to mimic the structure of the brain in electronic form, whereby artificial neurons draw their own connections during a self-learning process. Critiquing such a brain physiological model, the following article takes up the idea of a “psychoanalysis of things” and applies it to artificial intelligence and machine learning. This approach may help to reveal some of the hidden layers within the current A. I. debate and hints towards a central mechanism in the psycho-economy of our socio-technological world: The question of “Who speaks?”, central for the analysis of paranoia, becomes paramount at a time, when algorithms, in the form of artificial neural networks, operate more and more as secret agents.
Voices from the Uncanny Valley
Authors: Männistö-Funk Tiina , Sihvonen Tanja 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Voice is a powerful tool of agency - for humans and non-humans alike. In this article, we go through the long history of talking heads and statues to publicly displayed robots and fortune-tellers, as well as consumer-oriented products such as the late 19th century talking dolls of Thomas Edison. We also analyse the attempts at making speaking machines commercially successful on various occasions. In the end, we investigate how speech producing devices such as the actual digital assistants that operate our current technological systems fit into this historical context. Our focus is on the gender aspects of the artificial, posthuman voice. On the basis of our study, we conclude that the female voice and other feminine characteristics as well as the figures of exoticized and racialized ‘Others’ have been applied to draw attention away from the uncanniness and other negative effects of these artificial humans and the machinic speech they produce. Technical problems associated with the commercialization of technologically produced speech have been considerable, but cultural issues have played an equally important role.
Educational AI
Authors: Krämer Franz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Regarding possible implications for teaching and learning, the article explores the production and productive effects of educational AI from sociology of knowledge/ of technology perspectives from three sides: Firstly, the role of knowledge (re-)construction in the creation of educational AI is investigated. In this context, contrasting engineeringoriented approaches, educational AI systems are conceptualised as agentic entities infused with tacit and explicit knowledge about sociality and education, and as potentially reshaping both educational practices and scientific concepts. Looking at promotional and engineeringoriented AI discourses, the article secondly examines how education and AI are linked and how the knowledge pervasion of educational AI is addressed. Findings indicate that the discursive production of educational AI relates to the interwoven assumptions that education and specifically lifelong learning are obliged and able to remedy large-scale societal challenges and that educational AI can leverage this potential. They also indicate that an educational AI system’s knowledge is deemed a reflection of explicit (expert) knowledge that in the form of rationales can, in turn, be reflected to the systems’ users. Thirdly, regarding arising challenges for the sensitive area of education, educational AI’s role in knowledge gathering practices both in educational research and big educational data analysis is addressed.
Competing Visions for AI
Authors: Schwartz Oscar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I will investigate how two competing visions of machine intelligence put forward by Alan Turing and J. C. R Licklider - one that emphasized automation and another that emphasized augmentation - have informed experiments in computational creativity, from early attempts at computer-generated art and poetry in the 1960s, up to recent experiments that utilise Machine Learning to generate paintings and music. I argue that while our technological capacities have changed, the foundational conflict between Turing’s vision and Licklider’s vision plays itself out in generations of programmers and artists who explore the computer’s creative potential. Moreover, I will demonstrate that this conflict does not only inform technical/artistic practice, but speaks to a deeper philosophical and ideological divide concerning the narrative of a post-human future. While Turing’s conception of human-equivalent AI informs a transhumanist imaginary of super-intelligent, conscious, anthropomorphic machines, Licklider’s vision of symbiosis underpins formulations of the cyborg as human-machine hybrid, aligning more closely with a critical post-human imaginary in which boundaries between the human and technological become mutable and up for re-negotiation. In this article, I will explore how one of the functions of computational creativity is to highlight, emphasise and sometimes thematise these conflicting post-human imaginaries.
Where the Sun never Shines
Authors: Bruder Johannes 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I elaborate on deliberations of “post-enlightened cognition” between cognitive neuroscience, psychology and artificial intelligence research. I show how the design of machine learning algorithms is entangled with research on creativity and pathology in cognitive neuroscience and psychology through an interest in “episodic memory” and various forms of “spontaneous thought”. The most prominent forms of spontaneous thought - mind wandering and day dreaming - appear when the demands of the environment abate and have for a long time been stigmatized as signs of distraction or regarded as potentially pathological. Recent research in cognitive neuroscience, however, conceptualizes spontaneous thought as serving the purpose of, e. g., creative problem solving and hence invokes older discussions around the links between creativity and pathology. I discuss how attendant attempts at differentiating creative cognition from its pathological forms in contemporary psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and AI puts traditional understandings of rationality into question.
The Business Cycle and Bank Failures
Authors: KAYA Halil Dincer 
Published: October 2018

In this study, we examine the relation between the business cycle and bank failures in the US. We first look at the frequency of bank failures across expansionary and recessionary periods. Then, we examine the treatment of the failed banks by the FDIC across expansionary and recessionary periods. Finally, we compare the failed banks’ characteristics like total deposits, total assets, and estimated losses across expansionary and recessionary periods. Our results show that the 2001 recession was not a significant period in terms of bank failures. In fact, in terms of failures, the 2001 recession was not worse than the expansionary periods that come before and after it.
However, our findings indicate that the 2008 recession has been much more severe compared to the 2001 recession and the expansionary periods. Also, the failed banks during the 2008 recession have been much larger firms with significantly higher loss figures when compared to the banks that failed during the 2001 recession and the expansionary periods. Our results also show that the banks that failed during the 2001 recession had similar characteristics to the banks that failed during the expansionary periods.
Market-Based Finance, Debt and Systemic Risk: A Critique of the EU Capital Markets Union
Authors: Bavoso Vincenzo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModern, globalised financial markets are the offspring of a process of liberalisation of capital that started with the collapse of Bretton Woods in the 1970s and culminated with a number of regulatory changes in the 1980s and 1990s. As a consequence of that process, financial markets have grown dramatically and become increasingly integrated at a global level. Importantly, the growth and innovation that occurred over the past decade has taken place in the realm of capital market finance, and in particular in the context of market-based channels that revolved chiefly around securitisation and repo transactions. As a result, new debt transactions and products have been engineered since the 1980s.This article contends that, contrary to conventional belief, the excessive development of market-based channels of finance has been one of the catalysts behind the crises and scandals exploded over the past fifteen years. In particular, the employment of innovative debt transactions was instrumental to the creation of excessive levels of risk-taking and leverage. These had catastrophic consequence, both at firm level and at systemic level.Notwithstanding the regulatory measures that have been enacted over the past fifteen years, the way in which debt transactions in capital markets are designed and entered into remains lightly or indirectly regulated. Moreover, regulators have so far neglected the role that leverage and debt creation have in the economy and the consequence that these phenomena have on the wider social context. On the contrary, recently the EU has promoted the implementation of an old design, namely the Capital Markets Union (CMU). This revolves around market-based forms of financing, which should represent an alternative to the traditionally predominant (in Europe) bank-based financing channels. This article contends that the CMU framework fails to appreciate the dangers associated with capital markets finance and its ensuing debt creation effects. It argues that, despite some regulatory efforts, a suitable architecture for the regulation of market-based channels of finance is still missing.
New Species of Falcaustra (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) in Batagur trivittata (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from Myanmar
Authors: Bursey Charles R. , Platt Steven G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Falcaustra tintlwini sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Kathlaniidae) from the large intestine of Batagur trivittata (Testudines, Geoemydidae) is described and illustrated. Falcaustra tintlwini represents the 20th Oriental species assigned to the genus and is distinguished from other Oriental species by the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae (6 precloacal, 12 postcloacal, and 1 median), length of spicules (0.43-0.50 mm) and absence of a pseudosucker.
Niglarobia vanelli, a new species of syringophilid quill mite associated with lapwings (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae)
Authors: Zmudzinski Mateusz , Skoracki Maciej , Hromada Martin , Unsoeld Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new species of quill mite of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata),Niglarobia vanellisp. nov. collected from eight species of the lapwing genusVanellus(Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), is described:V. vanellus(Linnaeus, 1758) (type host) from Germany,V. gregarius(Pallas, 1771) from Russia,V. senegallus(Linnaeus, 1766),V. albicepsGould, 1834,V. spinosus(Linnaeus, 1758),V. crassirostris(Hartlaub, 1855),V. lugubris(Lesson, 1826), andV. coronatus(Boddaert, 1783) all from Tanzania. This new species resemblesN. cursoriaeSkorackiet al., 2006 and differs by having the following features: in females ofN. vanellisp. nov., each medial branch of the peritremes has 3–4 chambers (vs2 chambers inN. cursoriae); the hysteronotal shield is not fused to the pygidial shield (vsfused); lengths of setaed2ande2are 55–65 and 95–120, respectively (vs115– 140 and 130–160); and setaep’andp”of legs III and IV have 4–6 tines (vs7 tines).
First molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Neospora caninum DNA from naturally infected goats in Northwest Tunisia
Authors: Amdouni Yosra , Amairia Safa , Said Yousra , Awadi Sofia , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite from the phylum Apicomplexa, mainly associated with abortions and causing enormous economic losses. We aimed, by the present study, to estimate the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic analyses of natural infection with N. caninum in Tunisian goats. A total number of 121 meat samples were collected from slaughtered goats in the regional slaughterhouse of Béja (Northwest Tunisia) and tested from N. caninum ITS1 gene using PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. Phylogenetic analyses were used to identify this parasite infecting goats in Nortwest Tunisia. The overall molecular prevalence was 19% (23/121). The highest molecular prevalence of N. caninum was observed in goats aged between 2 and 4 years (31.9 ± 13.27%) (P = 0.004). There was no difference in the overall molecular prevalence of N. caninum according to both localities and animal breeds. Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene revealed 99–100% similarity with GenBank sequences. A high similarity with all the blasted genotypes was reported for N. caninum sequences. This is the first molecular study and genetic characterisation of N. caninum in North African goats.
Detection of two Microsporidia pathogens of the European honey bee Apis Mellifera (Insecta: Apidae) in Western Siberia
Authors: Tokarev Yuri S. , Zinatullina Zimfira Y. , Ignatieva Anastasiya N. , Zhigileva Oksana N. , Malysh Julia M. , Sokolova Yulia Y. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, occur regularly and cause significant losses in apiculture throughout the world. N. ceranae is thought to be an emerging pathogen of the European honey bee which is replacing N. apis. Microscopic analysis of honey bees collected in Tyumen region, South-Western Siberia, suggested presence of two microsporidial pathogens slightly differing in spore size and shape. PCR detection using species-specific primer sets 312APIS and 218MITOC followed by PCR product sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of N. apis and N. ceranae, respectively. Microsporidia were present in private apiaries through 2008-2010, and among 21 colonies from 7 localities, two colonies were infected with both pathogens, while infections with N. apis only were detected in 8, and with N. ceranae only in 13 colonies. These data suggest that N. ceranae is widely spread in South-Western Siberia alongside with N. apis and is able to persist in the regions with average January temperatures below –18°C.
Evaluation and correlation of oxidative stress and haemato-biochemical observations in horses with natural patent and latent trypanosomosis in Punjab state of India
Authors: Parashar Rahul , Singla Lachhman Das , Gupta Mayank , Sharma Suresh Kumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe haemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers in horses naturally infected withTrypanosoma evansiwere evaluated by analyzing the level of these parameters betweenT. evansiinfected (microscopically positive patent group and PCR positive latent group) and infection free horses. To compare the hemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress indicators, horses were divided into three categories based on diagnostic test employed and positive results obtained. These included Romanowsky stained slide positive group (Group I; n = 6), PCR positive group (group II; n = 28) and negative control group (group III, n = 30), revealing parasitologically positive patent, molecular positive latent and disease free status of horses. A significant reductions in total erythrocytes count (TEC, P = 0.01), haemoglobin (Hb, P = 0.01) and packed cell volume (PCV, P = 0.04) was noticed both in group I and group II while significant neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia was observed in group I when compared to negative control group. Substantial increase in creatinine (CRTN, P = 0.032) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT, P = 0.012) in group I while significant decrease in glucose (GLU, P = 0.04) and iron (Fe, P = 0.01) were noticed in both group I and group II in comparison to group III. A significant difference in lipid peroxides (LPO, P = 0.01) with highest level in patent group I (15.33 ± 0.53) followed by PCR positive latent group (14.09 ± 1.66) indicates higher lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and oxidative stress in decreasing order when compared with infection free control horses (9.83 ± 0.97). Catalase (CAT, P = 0.01) was significantly lower in parasitological (0.82 ± 0.14) and molecular positive cases (1.27 ± 0.35) in comparison to control group (3.43 ± 0.96). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, P = 0.01), reduced glutathione (GSH, P = 0.01) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, P = 0.01) were significantly lower in parasito-molecular positive cases as compared to infection free control horses. An inverse correlation of RBC count with LPO and GSH and a direct correlation with catalase, SOD and FRAP was revealed. Overall, the observed substantial decreases in the oxidative parameters like catalase CAT, SOD, GSH and FRAP activities with remarkably elevated levels of LPO indicate high exposure of erythrocytes to oxidative damage inT.evansiinfected horses.
A new species of Aphanoblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco and Scholz, 2000 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) parasitic on heptapterid catfish (Siluriformes) in the Neotropical region
Authors: Yamada Fabio H. , Acosta Aline A. , Yamada Priscilla de O. F. , Scholz Tomáš , da Silva Reinaldo J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aphanoblastella magna n. sp. is described from the gills of the heptapterid catfish Pimelodella avanhandavae Eigenmann, 1917 in southeastern Brazil (Paraná River Basin). This new species most closely resembles Aphanoblastella chagresii Mendoza-Franco, Aguirre-Macedo and Vidal-Martínez, 2007 described from a congeneric fish host in Panama, but can be distinguished by the shape of the accessory piece and shape and size of the ventral and dorsal bars. From the other species of the genus, A. magna n. sp. differs mainly in the shape of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which is sinuous, versus spirally coiled in other species of the genus, except for A. travassosi (Price, 1938), and by the accessory piece which resembles a ‘shoehorn’. Aphanoblastella magna n. sp. is the seventh species of the genus and the first dactylogyrid described from P. avanhandavae. A partial 28S rDNA gene sequence of the new species is also provided; it forms a monophyletic clade with two congeners for which molecular data are available.
First report of molecular characterization and sequence phylogenetic analysis of Linguatula serrata from India
Authors: Sudan Vikrant , Shanker Daya , Jaiswal Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Linguatula serrata is a pentastomid which is worldwide in distribution. However, a very few references are reported from India. In the present study, the cox I gene of L. serrata nymphs, originally isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of buffaloes, was amplified and custom sequenced. Based on sequence analysis, two haplotypes were noticed and were subsequently submitted in NCBI database. The sequences were also compared with the other sequences available in the pubmed and phylogenetic analysis coupled with nucleotide homologies were commutated. The studied Indian isolates were found closer to Bangladesh and Iran isolates. This is the first report of molecular characterization of L. serrata from India.
A new quill mite Torotrogla emberizae sp. nov. (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) from the Chestnut-eared Bunting (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) in Japan (morphology and DNA barcode data)
Authors: Glowska Eliza , Laniecka Izabella , Romanowska Kamila , Dabert Miroslawa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new quill miteTorotrogla emberizaesp. nov. (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) parasitizing the Chestnut-eared BuntingEmberiza fucataPallas, 1776 (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) in Japan is described based on the external morphology and DNA barcode data (mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I sequences, COI). Females ofT. emberizaesp. nov. differ fromT. volginiSkoracki and Mironov, 2013 by having the short, wide and blunt-ended hypostomal protuberances (vslong, thin and sharp-ended), setaeh1 ca. twice shorter thanf1(vs h1longer thanf1), the fan-like setaep’andp”of legs III–IV provided withca. 10 tines (vs7–8 tines) and lengths of setaevi70–105 (vs55–65),ve105–135 (vs85–90) andh155–60 (vs95–120).
Low rates of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T mutation in three sentinel sites of malaria monitoring in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Konaté Abibatou , Gnagne Paterne Akpa , Bédia-Tanoh Valérie Akoua , Amiah-Droh Mireille , Tano Dominique Konan , Ignace Eby Menan Hervé , Yavo William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Despite efforts to eliminate it, malaria remains a major public health concern, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Chloroquine (CQ) was one of the first drugs used for its treatment, but was officially withdrawn from the market in 2007 following reports of high levels of chloroquine resistance. The present study was carried out after the withdrawal of CQ and provides an update on the rates of CQ resistance in Côte d’Ivoire. Samples were collected between September 2013 and March 2014 in Abidjan and from January to May 2016 in Abengourou and San Pedro through cross-sectional studies. Parasitemia was assessed by microscopy, and single nucleotide polymorphism in the Pfcrt (codon 76) gene was analyzed by nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 343 samples were analyzed: 119, 106 and 118 were from Abidjan, Abengourou, and San Pedro, respectively. The sex ratio of patients was 0.92. The mean age of patients enrolled was 9.6 years (SD = 10.8). The geometric mean of parasite density was 21,337 parasites/μL (SD = 49,508; range, 2,000–200,000). Molecular analysis revealed 57 K76T mutants (16.6%): 33, 9, and 15 in Abidjan, Abengourou and in San Pedro, respectively. Most of these were found in patients aged ≤15 years (42/57) who had parasitemia greater than 10,000 parasites/μL (40/57). This is the first study conducted in Côte d’Ivoire reporting a decline in Pfcrt K76T mutation rate. Thus, our results indicate the importance of following up on the observed trend also at a national level.