bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To what extent should the intestinal be resected proximally after radiotherapy: hint from a pathological view
Authors: Wu Pei-Huang , Zhong Qing-Hua , Ma Teng-Hui , Qin Qi-Yuan , Huang Xiao-Yan , Kuang Ying-Yi , Wang Huai-Ming , Yuan Zi-Xu , Wang Lei , Chen Dai-Ci 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is associated with post-operative anastomotic complications in rectal-cancer patients. Anastomosis involving at least one non-irradiated margin reportedly significantly reduces the risk of post-operative anastomotic complications in radiation enteritis. However, the exact scope of radiotherapy on the remaining sigmoid colon remains unknown.

Methods
We evaluated the radiation damage of proximally resected colorectal segments in 44 patients with rectal cancer, who received nCRT followed by conventional resection (nCRT-C, n = 21) or proximally extended resection (nCRT-E, n = 23). The segments from another 13 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) were used as control. We dissected these samples at a distance of 2 cm between the two adjacent sections. Radiation damage in proximally resected colorectal segments was evaluated using the radiation injury score (RIS) and the concentration and distribution patterns of angiostatin.

Results
Compared to those in the nCT group, the nCRT group showed higher RIS, levels of angiostatin, and proportion of diffuse pattern of angiostatin. With increasing distance from the tumor site, these parameters all gradually decreased; and the differences came to be not significant at the site that is over 20 cm from the tumor. The nCRT-E group showed lower RIS (median: 2 vs 4, P = 0.002) and a greater proportion of non-diffuse angiostatin (87% vs 55%, P = 0.039) at the proximal margins compared with the nCRT-C group.

Conclusions
The severity of the radiation damage of the proximal colon is inversely proportional to the proximal-resection margin length. Little damage was left on the proximal margin that was over 20 cm from the tumor. Removal of an initial length of ≥20 cm from the tumor may be beneficial for rectal-cancer patients after nCRT.
Space-time approximation of parabolic systems with variable growth
Authors: Breit Dominic , Mensah Prince Romeo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study a parabolic system with $p(t,x)$-structure under Dirichlet boundary conditions. In particular, we deduce the optimal convergence rate for the error of the gradient of a finite element-based space-time approximation. The error is measured in the quasi norm and the result holds if the exponent $p(t,x)$ is $(\alpha _t,\alpha _x)$-Hölder continuous.
PINK1 import regulation at a crossroad of mitochondrial fate: the molecular mechanisms of PINK1 import
Authors: Sekine Shiori 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrial kinase whose activity is tightly regulated by the mitochondrial health status. In response to mitochondrial damage, activated PINK1 can promote mitophagy, an autophagic elimination of damaged mitochondria, by cooperating with Parkin ubiquitin ligase. Loss-of-function of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy results in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which could be one aetiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Within step-by-step signalling cascades of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, mitochondrial damage-dependent PINK1 kinase activation is a critical step to trigger the mitophagy signal. Recent investigation of this process reveals that this stress-dependent PINK1 kinase activation is achieved by its regulated import into different mitochondrial compartments. Thus, PINK1 import regulation stands at an important crossroad to determine the mitochondrial fate—‘keep’ or ‘remove’? In this review, we will summarize how the PINK1 import is regulated in a mitochondrial health status-dependent manner and how this process could be pharmacologically modulated to activate the PINK1/Parkin pathway.
Picturing walls
Authors: Spoor Freya , Lethbridge Robert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Émile Zola’s literary oeuvre continues to provide scholars with one of the most comprehensive accounts of nineteenth-century art and culture. Yet the magnitude of this material has resulted in the works of art acquired by Zola over the course of his lifetime being largely overlooked. By focusing on how this ad hoc collection of more than fifty contemporary works was gathered and subsequently dispersed, this article elucidates the influence of close friendships and professional reciprocity on the reputation of artist and critic alike. It offers an unprecedented corrective to the pioneering article by Jean Adhémar (1960) which partly reproduced the procès-verbal from the posthumous auction of Zola’s estate held in 1903. Using the original version of this document, together with available sales catalogues, letters and Zola’s art writing, it provides the most comprehensive inventory of the works owned by Zola and how they relate to his life and work.
Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schreiner Melissa , Britt Kadie , Kuhar Thomas P , McPartland John , Grant Jerome 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is now being grown within the United States over a much broader geographic area and for different uses than during its last period of significant production that ended after World War II. Within the past 3 yr, a large number of arthropod species have been documented to feed on hemp in the United States. Among key pest species, corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has demonstrated greatest potential for crop injury, being particularly damaging to flower buds. Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola (Farkas), and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, are the two species observed most damaging among those that suck plant fluids. Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana Walker, is widely present east of the Rocky Mountains and appears to have potential to significantly damage both flower buds and developing seeds. Numerous species of caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles chew hemp foliage; the severity of these defoliation injuries appears to be minimal, but needs further study. Similarly, numerous seed feeding hemipterans, most notably stink bugs and Lygus bugs, are regularly found in the crop but injury potential remains unclear. Some preliminary efforts have been made to develop integrated pest management strategies for these insects, particularly for corn earworm. Future research can be expected to rapidly resolve many of the data gaps that presently restrict advancing pest management on the crop. However, a major confounding issue involves the use of pesticides on hemp. Federal agencies have not yet provided clear direction on this issue, and regulatory decisions have subsequently devolved to the states.
Floral Traits Predict Frequency of Defecation on Flowers by Foraging Bumble Bees
Authors: Bodden Jonah M , Hazlehurst Jenny A , Wilson Rankin Erin E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Flowers may become inoculated with pathogens that can infect bees and other critical pollinators, but the mechanisms of inoculation remain unclear. During foraging, bees may regurgitate or defecate directly onto flower parts, which could inoculate flowers with pollinator pathogens and lead to subsequent disease transmission to floral visitors. We tested if captive eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) defecate on floral surfaces during foraging and if flower shape played a role in the probability of defecation and the quantity of feces deposited on floral surfaces. Captive Bombus impatiens were fed a solution of fluorescent dye and sucrose, then allowed to forage freely on flowers of a variety of shapes in a flight cage. Flowers were then examined under ultraviolet light for fluorescing fecal matter. We found that bumble bees did defecate on floral surfaces during foraging and that composite flowers with a large area of disk flowers were the most likely to have feces on them. Our results point to defecation by bumble bees during foraging as a potential mechanism for inoculation of flowers with pollinator pathogens and suggest that flower shape could play a significant role in inoculation.
The Proportional Internalization Principle in Private Law
Authors: Pelled Omer Y 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to common conception, laws should make actors internalize all the costs and benefits of their actions to make them behave efficiently. This article shows that even when only partial internalization is possible, private law can create efficient incentives by ensuring that each actor internalizes an identical proportion of the costs and benefits.This proportional internalization principle has profound implications. In tort law, it offers a new mechanism for dividing liability between multiple parties. In contract law, it suggests a new default rule for joint ventures. And, in restitution law, it presents an alternative doctrinal formulation for restitution for unrequested benefit.
Climatic and fire determinants of early life-history stages in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus
Authors: Saura-Mas Sandra , Saperas Anna , Lloret Franciso 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Cistus albidus reproductive traits have been studied on typical Mediterranean shrublands along a water availability gradient in Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. Germination of this species is known to be highly favoured by fire. Moreover, Mediterranean species are particularly dependent on water availability. Therefore, we establish the hypothesis that in addition to fire disturbance, seedling recruitment in this Mediterranean seeder will be improved in drought-induced episodes resulting in generalized canopy die-off.

Methods
Individuals of several populations of C. albidus were collected and the size, weight and number of fruits and seeds were measured. Germination tests were also carried out on five pre-germination treatments: seeds’ exposure to heat shock, imbibition, two cycles of imbibition/desiccation and the combination of heat shock and imbibition and imbibition/desiccation cycles. Moreover, the number of seedlings after a drought event was surveyed in the field and correlated with canopy die-off.

Important findings
Our study shows the variability of the C. albidus reproductive traits, such as germination rate or fruit production, along the water availability gradient. This variability resulted in a decrease in fruit production but an increase in successful germination under drier conditions. Cistus albidus seeds increased germination with heat, demonstrating their ability to successfully establish after fire. However, recruitment was not exclusively fire dependent since seedling establishment was higher under C. albidus canopies that had collapsed after the extreme drought. Finally, adult density increased C. albidus die-off and mortality, as well as seedling establishment. These results suggest that this species exhibits a trade-off between different reproductive outcomes (i.e. seed production vs. viability), which in turn is determined by climate. This study also provides evidence of how intra-specific competition, climate, particularly drought events and fire disturbance, can determine the success of key early stages of the life history of a common, representative Mediterranean fire-prone seeder shrub.
Memory, Heredity and Machines: From Darwinism to Lamarckism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon
Authors: Turbil Cristiano 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In 1872 Butler published Erewhon, a novel set in a utopian land inspired by the New Zealand countryside. Erewhon parodied some of the main social issues of the Victorian era including political, economic, scientific and social ideas, offering its readers a critical overview not only of Britain and its inhabitants, but also of the cultural revolution triggered by Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Leaving aside the utopian and satirical dimensions of the novel, this article focuses on the meaning of evolutionary science in Erewhon through a discussion of the three chapters called ‘The Book of the Machines’. I suggest that the hypothesis of evolution advanced in ‘The Book of the Machines’ can only be fully understood in relation to Butler’s scientific writings more generally. In ‘The Book of the Machines’, I will argue, Butler pioneered the idea of memory as heredity.
What the Victorian Empire Learned: A Perspective on History, Reading and Print in Nineteenth-Century Textbooks
Authors: Howsam Leslie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay draws upon trends in cultural historiography as well as the methodologies of book history to argue that Victorian school histories articulated and reinforced three persistent myths of modernity (all of which have been thoroughly discredited by scholarship but persist in popular historical understanding). These are the notion that literacy is necessary to progress, the idea that the advent of printing with moveable type was a harbinger of enlightenment, and the tenet of historians’ practice that written records are a necessary precondition for the discipline to function. Each of these ideologies is concerned with the practices of reading and writing, print culture, and documentation, which are intrinsic to the scholarship of book history. To identify the connections, we should read the texts of school books alongside the bibliographical and archival evidence of their materiality and mobility. The texts conveyed a lesson of European superiority indirectly by retelling the Whig narrative of English liberty. Colonial editions and other iterations were widely circulated. The article offers five examples of schoolbooks to demonstrate how they worked and how they travelled, then proposes a digital humanities solution to the historiographical and bibliographical challenges that arise. A complex relational database connecting three sets of data: about the attributes of books in their multiple versions, about the people associated with their authorship and publishing, and about the institutions that supported them.
Simone Weil
Authors: Levy David 
Published: August 2019

Simone Weil (b. 1909) was a French writer, thinker, and activist who left a corpus of disparate writings that collectively present a sophisticated challenge to contemporary politics and philosophy. She died, aged thirty-four, in 1943. She was born into an affluent life in Paris. As a schoolgirl, she declared her solidarity with the Communist Left. Weil was high-achieving while receiving the best education France could offer in languages, classics, and philosophy. She taught philosophy in French secondary schools for a few years while also active in labor movements and political events, such as the Spanish Civil War. She left France in 1942 after the German occupation. Weil was known in some intellectual circles through essays she published in magazines. When notes on Christian spirituality written toward the end of her life were posthumously published, her profile rose. Her writings influenced those within the church, e.g., Pope Paul VI, and those outside the church, such as T. S. Eliot and Albert Camus. Interest in her spiritual writings has remained constant. Weil trained as a philosopher and her thinking never fails to betray a philosopher’s pursuit of clarity. Her philosophical writing elicited a modest but steady interest among intellectuals and philosophers, notably Iris Murdoch. Weil’s thinking, once distinguished from her biography, is powerful because it is at odds with prevailing culture—academic, political, and mainstream—and offers original concepts to organize human nature. Weil is a Platonist about the intellect, the good, and metaphysics. Weil was not a Marxist, but she valued the unique insights into social materialism she attributed to Marx in relation to social materialism. She was against the elevation of rights as ultimate recognitions of human dignity or an ethical emphasis on the unique individuality of each person. Weil is notable for offering philosophies of work, suffering, and love. Her philosophical elaboration of the ideas of attention, affliction, gravity (as opposed to grace), force, and “decreation” are novel and disruptive of existing accounts of human nature and action. Weil’s philosophical work is deceptively systematic because Weil integrates three levels: the individual human thinker; the social and political context; and a higher level beyond the natural. Her later work is distinctive for combining abstract philosophical analysis with practical consideration of the political and social orders required to support the best expressions of human nature. The unity in Weil’s thinking is obscured by the disorder in the large, written output from her short life.
Metastatic involvement of skeletal muscle from gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Aguirre L E , Salcedo J , Zuquello R , Garcia-Buitrago M , Ardalan B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGastric cancer represents the fifth most common cancer diagnosis worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In the USA, the overall 5-year survival rate is 31%, with distant disease nearing 5%. The most common sites of metastasis are the liver and peritoneum. Skeletal muscle involvement has been rarely reported. Since clinical and imaging findings overlap with primary sarcomas, a confirmatory biopsy is required for diagnosis. Prognosis remains poor with treatment options including palliative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection. We report the case of a 57-year-old female presenting with extensive involvement of skeletal muscle 10 years after achieving remission. In addition to illustrating the refractoriness and poor outcomes associated with muscle involvement, this case and comprehensive review of the literature highlights important characteristics of disease biology and tumor genomics that warrant detailed discussion and exposition to a wider audience.
MGUS bone
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A 65-year-old man was referred to our hospital to undergo orthopedic surgery due to severe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Computed tomography scanning showed a massive osteolytic lesion in his pelvis. Other screening examinations including detection of bone mineral density and osteoporosis biomarkers, bone scintigram and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography were all normal. Bone marrow aspiration revealed slightly increased plasmacytes at 3.8%. These findings led to a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined significance (MGUS). Architectural osteolytic bone associated with MGUS without apparent abnormality in bone mineral metabolism could be a common occurrence prior to onset or occurrence of multiple myeloma.
Outer rotation curve of the Galaxy with VERA. IV. Astrometry of IRAS 01123+6430 and the possibility of cloud–cloud collision
Authors: Koide Nagito , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Sakai Nobuyuki , Habe Asao , Shima Kazuhiro , Kurayama Tomoharu , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Tezuka Daisuke , Kurahara Kohei , Ueno Saeko , Burns Ross A , Nakagawa Akiharu , Honma Mareki , Shibata Katsunori M , Nagayama Takumi , Kawaguchi Noriyuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As part our investigation into the Galactic rotation curve, we carried out Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations towards the star-forming region IRAS 01123+6430 using VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) to measure its annual parallax and proper motion. The annual parallax was measured to be 0.151 ± 0.042 mas, which corresponds to a distance of $D = 6.61^{+2.55}_{-1.44}\:{\rm kpc}$, and the obtained proper motion components were $(\mu _\alpha {\rm cos}\delta ,\, \mu _\delta ) = (-1.44 \pm 0.15,\, -0.27 \pm 0.16)\:{\rm mas\:yr^{-1}}$ in equatorial coordinates. Assuming Galactic constants of $(R_0,\, \Theta _0) = (8.05 \pm 0.45\:{\rm kpc},\, 238 \pm 14\:{\rm km\:s^{-1}})$, the Galactocentric distance and rotation velocity were measured to be $(R,\, \Theta ) = (13.04 \pm 2.24\:{\rm kpc},\, 239 \pm 22\:{\rm km\:s^{-1}})$, which are consistent with a flat Galactic rotation curve. The newly estimated distance provides a more accurate bolometric luminosity of the central young stellar object, $L_{\rm Bol} = (3.11 \pm 2.86) \times 10^{3}\, L_{\odot }$, which corresponds to a spectral type of B1–B2. Analysis of ${}^{12}{\rm{CO}}$ (J = 1–0) survey data obtained with the Five College Radio Astronomical Observatory (FCRAO) 14 m telescope shows that the molecular cloud associated with IRAS 01123+6430 consists of arc-like and linear components, which matches well a structure predicted by numerical simulation of the cloud–cloud collision phenomenon. The coexistence of arc-like and linear components implies that the relative velocity of the two initial clouds was as slow as 3–$5\:{\rm km\, s^{-1}}$, which meets the expected criteria of massive star formation where the core mass is effectively increased in the presence of low relative velocity (∼3–5 km s−1), as suggested by Takahira, Tasker, and Habe (2014, ApJ, 792, 63).
An elderly female patient with ROS1 rearrangement primary lung adenocarcinoma and breast carcinoma: a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yang Xiaojuan , Qin Diyuan , Zhang Yu , Li Xue , Liu Ning , Zhou Ying , Feng Ming , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We report the case of a 90-year-old female patient who was suffering from c-ros oncogene 1 (ros-1) rearrangement adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. After about 14 months of a reduced dose of crizotinib treatment, she had a stable disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). This patient’s case demonstrates that ros-1 rearrangements are not limited to patients of young age. In addition, this case indicates that crizotinib, as second-line, or even first-line, treatment may be effective and manageable in elderly patients. Furthermore, for elderly patients carrying a ros1 fusion, a reduced dose of crizotinib may be efficacious rather than a resistance factor. Based on our findings, we recommend that elderly patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma should be considered for inclusion in molecular screening for ros-1 translocation, especially for never-smokers negative for epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) mutation and the fusion between echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). This deserves attention because the population is aging, with increasing incidence and morbidity of multiple primary malignant tumors. Neglect of breast nodules at the onset is one of the limitations of our case, as combination of primary lung cancer with breast cancer is common. Above all, use of antiestrogens before and after the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer is related to a reduced risk of lung cancer mortality. Therefore, careful attention should always be paid to these cases.