bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Schneider Larissa , Pain Colin F , Haberle Simon , Blong Russell , Alloway Brent V , Fallon Stewart J , Hope Geoff , Zawadzki Atun , Heijnis Henk 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe examined the radiocarbon (14C) reservoir effect in Lake Kutubu using tephrochronology and terrestrial plant material to deliver a precise age-depth profile and sedimentation rates for this lake. Based on the presence of two tephra horizons (Tibito and Olgaboli), we found a reservoir age offset in sediments of between 1490 and 228014C yr using the sediment ages derived from the lead-210 (210Pb) dating method. The live submerged biological samples collected exhibited a higher reservoir age offset than the sediment. This is most likely a result of delayed transport of “bomb”14C from the atmosphere to aquatic and sedimentary system. The14C reservoir effect increased with distance from the lake inlet and also decreased with depth. Dissolution of14C-depleted carbon from surrounding limestone and direct in-wash of old soil or vegetation remnants from the catchment are the most likely causes of the14C reservoir effect. Based on limestone areas mapped in Papua New Guinea, we indicate lakes which may be subject to a significant14C reservoir effect. The results of this study demonstrate the magnitude of the14C reservoir effect in lakes and provide insights to the correct interpretation of past environmental and archaeological events in PNG.
Par-delà les champs de compétence : L'affirmation du Québec en matière de guerre et de paix
Authors: Massie Justin , Lamontagne Marjolaine 
Published: July 2018

RésuméLa doctrine Gérin-Lajoie, qui fonde l'action internationale du Québec depuis les années 1960, s'exprime conventionnellement comme le prolongement externe des compétences internes du Québec. Comment alors expliquer que les élus québécois prennent régulièrement position sur certains conflits internationaux, qui relèvent pourtant clairement de la compétence du gouvernement fédéral ? Cet article offre un premier éclairage sur les motivations des élus québécois à se positionner sur des enjeux militaires ainsi qu'aux dynamiques qui les entourent. Trois hypothèses sont avancées et confrontées tour à tour à l'ensemble des prises de position des élus québécois depuis le 11 septembre 2001 en matière d'intervention militaire. Premièrement, la paradiplomatie québécoise pourrait être marquée par un nationalisme identitaire, agissant comme outil d'affirmation et de différenciation nationales par-delà les compétences provinciales. Deuxièmement, plutôt que de représenter une tendance à connotation identitaire, l'affirmation québécoise sur des enjeux de compétence fédérale pourrait être la manifestation d'une protodiplomatie. Troisièmement, les élus québécois pourraient s'aventurer sur le terrain de la sécurité internationale en raison de calculs électoraux. En somme, l'article cherche à évaluer si l'affirmation québécoise en matière de sécurité internationale est le fruit de motivations identitaires, souverainistes ou électorales.
STRONG APPROXIMATION THEOREM FOR ABSOLUTELY IRREDUCIBLE VARIETIES OVER THE COMPOSITUM OF ALL SYMMETRIC EXTENSIONS OF A GLOBAL FIELD
Authors: JARDEN MOSHE , RAZON AHARON 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLetKbe a global field,$\mathcal{V}$a proper subset of the set of all primes ofK,$\mathcal{S}$a finite subset of$\mathcal{V}$, and${\tilde K}$(resp.Ksep) a fixed algebraic (resp. separable algebraic) closure ofKwith$K_\mathrm{sep}\{\subseteq}{\tilde K}$. Let Gal(K) = Gal(Ksep/K) be the absolute Galois group ofK. For each$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{V}$, we choose a Henselian (respectively, a real or algebraic) closure$K_\mathfrak{p}$ofKat$\mathfrak{p}$in${\tilde K}$if$\mathfrak{p}$is non-archimedean (respectively, archimedean). Then,$K_{\mathrm{tot},\mathcal{S}}=\bigcap_{\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{S}}\bigcap_{\tau\in{\rm Gal}(K)}K_\mathfrak{p}^\tau$is the maximal Galois extension ofKinKsepin which each$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{S}$totally splits. For each$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{V}$, we choose a$\mathfrak{p}$-adic absolute value$|~|_\mathfrak{p}$of$K_\mathfrak{p}$and extend it in the unique possible way to${\tilde K}$. Finally, we denote the compositum of all symmetric extensions ofKbyKsymm. We consider an affine absolutely integral varietyVin$\mathbb{A}_K^n$. Suppose that for each$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{S}$there exists a simple$K_\mathfrak{p}$-rational point$\mathbf{z}_\mathfrak{p}$ofVand for each$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{V}\smallsetminus\mathcal{S}$there exists$\mathbf{z}_\mathfrak{p}\in V({\tilde K})$such that in both cases$|\mathbf{z}_\mathfrak{p}|_\mathfrak{p}\le1$if$\mathfrak{p}$is non-archimedean and$|\mathbf{z}_\mathfrak{p}|_\mathfrak{p}<1$if$\mathfrak{p}$is archimedean. Then, there exists$\mathbf{z}\in V(K_{\mathrm{tot},\mathcal{S}}\cap K_\mathrm{symm})$such that for all$\mathfrak{p}\in\mathcal{V}$and for all τ ∈ Gal(K), we have$|\mathbf{z}^\tau|_\mathfrak{p}\le1$if$\mathfrak{p}$is archimedean and$|\mathbf{z}^\tau|_\mathfrak{p}<1$if$\mathfrak{p}$is non-archimedean. For$\mathcal{S}=\emptyset$, we get as a corollary that the ring of integers ofKsymmis Hilbertian and Bezout.
A PERTURBATION AND GENERIC SMOOTHNESS OF THE VAFA–WITTEN MODULI SPACES ON CLOSED SYMPLECTIC FOUR-MANIFOLDS
Authors: TANAKA YUUJI 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe prove a Freed–Uhlenbeck style generic smoothness theorem for the moduli space of solutions to the Vafa–Witten equations on a closed symplectic four-manifold by using a method developed by Feehan for the study of thePU(2)-monopole equations on smooth closed four-manifolds. We introduce a set of perturbation terms to the Vafa–Witten equations, and prove that the moduli space of solutions to the perturbed Vafa–Witten equations on a closed symplectic four-manifold for the structure groupSU(2) orSO(3) is a smooth manifold of dimension zero for a generic choice of the perturbation parameters.
Leisure Activities and Motivational Profiles in Adaptation to Nursing Homes
Authors: Altintas Emin , Guerrien Alain , Vivicorsi Bruno , Clément Evelyne , Vallerand Robert J. 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉCette recherche étudie les liens entre motivation, participation aux activités de loisirs et adaptation de personnes âgées au centre d’hébergement dans lequel elles vivent. En accord avec lathéorie de l’autodétermination, nous avons testé l’hypothèse que les profils les plus autodéterminés présenteront la meilleure adaptation, la plus grande participation aux activités de loisirs at la meilleure satisfaction de vie. Les participants ont rempli des questionnaires évaluant la motivation, la participation aux activités de loisirs ainsi que l’adaptation au centre d’hébergement. Une analyse des profils latents révèle que lesprofils hautement autodéterminés(score élevé de motivation autodéterminée et faible score de motivation non-autodéterminée) etles profils additifs(motivation autodéterminée et non autodéterminée élevées) ne diffèrent pas significativement alors que les participants auxprofils modéréset auxprofils faiblement autodéterminésprésentent les scores les plus bas d’adaptation au centre d’hébergement, de participation aux activités de loisirs et de satisfaction de vie.
First assessment of all-cause acute diarrhoea and rotavirus-confirmed cases following massive vaccination in Argentina
Authors: Degiuseppe J. I. , Stupka J. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArgentina incorporated rotavirus massive vaccination in 2015. No specific strategy has been designed to accurately measure the impact of this recent introduction on the diarrhoeal disease burden in our country. We assessed post-vaccine introduction data (all-cause acute diarrhoea and rotavirus laboratory-confirmed cases, and genotype distribution), compared with pre-vaccination period in children under 5 years of age in Argentina. Cross-sectional ecologic analysis was conducted with data from the Argentine Surveillance Health System. Endemic channel and global and seasonal incidence rates of pre- and post-vaccination periods were calculated and further compared. Conventional binary genotypification on rotavirus-positive samples was also performed. In post-vaccination period, a global decrease of 20.8% in the rate of all-cause acute diarrhoea cases was found. The endemic channel showed that declination was more significant in the autumn/winter season. Rotavirus laboratory-confirmed cases showed 61.7% of reduction and the weekly distribution analyses indicated a significant flattening of the expected seasonal peak. G2P[4] was the most prevalent circulating genotype (57.2%). This study represents the first assessment of diarrhoeal disease burden since rotavirus massive vaccination strategy was implemented in Argentina. This introduction represented a successful intervention due to the significant decrease in all-cause acute diarrhoea cases and rotavirus laboratory-confirmed cases.
THE MIDDLE PRECLASSIC FIGURINES FROM CAHAL PECH, BELIZE VALLEY
Authors: Peniche May Nancy , DeLance Lisa , Awe Jaime J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCeramic figurines are ubiquitous throughout the archaeological record of Mesoamerica. These small, handheld objects continue to fascinate archaeologists, and their role in the daily lives of the people who created and used them remains a point of debate in some academic circles. The figurines have been interpreted variously as children's toys, fertility fetish tools, and ritual objects. At the site of Cahal Pech, located in the Belize Valley of west-central Belize, a large assemblage of figurines has been recovered from construction fill dating to the Cunil (1200–900b.c.) and Kanluk ceramic phases (900–350b.c.) of the Preclassic period. In this article, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of these objects in the settlement and conclude that these objects were used in a variety of ritual events. Although they mainly served as venues for invoking ancestors in domestic rituals, their discovery in public spaces suggests diverse social uses. Most importantly, their limited presence in residential and public spaces outside the Plaza B section of the site core during the late facet of the Kanluk phase may indicate that certain rituals were not performed by the entire community.
Portable Health Care Facilities in Disaster and Rescue Zones: Characteristics and Future Suggestions
Authors: Bitterman Noemi , Zimmer Yoni 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionNatural and man-made disasters are becoming global concerns. Natural disasters appear to be growing in number and intensity due to global warming, population explosion, increased travel, and overcrowding of cities. In addition, man-made disasters do not seem to be diminishing.At disaster sites, an immediate response is needed. National and international organizations; nongovernmental, military, and commercial organizations; and even private donors enlist to provide humanitarian and medical support and to send supplies, shelters, and temporary health care facilities to disaster zones.ProblemThe literature is sparse regarding the design of portable health care facilities intended for disaster zones and their adaptability to the tasks required and site areas.MethodsData were collected from peer-reviewed literature, scientific reports, magazines, and websites regarding health care facilities at rescue and salvage situations. Information was grouped according to categories of structure and properties, and relative strengths and weaknesses. Next, suggestions were made for future directions.ResultsPermanent structures and temporary constructed facilities were the two primary categories of health care facilities functioning at disaster zones. Permanent hospitals were independent functioning medical units that were moved or transported to and from disaster zones as complete units, as needed. These facilities included floating hospitals, flying (airborne) hospitals, or terrestrial mobile facilities. Thus, these hospitals self-powered and contained mobility aids within their structure using water, air, or land as transporting media.Temporary health care facilities were transported to disaster zones as separate, nonfunctioning elements that were constructed or assembled on site and were subsequently taken apart. These facilities included the classical soft-type tents and solid containers that were organized later as hospitals in camp configurations. The strengths and weaknesses of the diverse hospital options are discussed.ConclusionsFuture directions include the use of innovative materials, advanced working methods, and integrated transportation systems. In addition, a holistic approach should be developed to improve the performance, accessibility, time required to function, sustainability, flexibility, and modularity of portable health care facilities.Bitterman N, Zimmer Y. Portable health care facilities in disaster and rescue zones: characteristics and future suggestions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):411–417
Diverse and durophagous: Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Scottish Borders
Authors: Richards Kelly R. , Sherwin Janet E. , Smithson Timothy R. , Bennion Rebecca F. , Davies Sarah J. , Marshall John E. A. , Clack Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTChondrichthyan teeth from a new locality in the Scottish Borders supply additional evidence of Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans in the UK. The interbedded dolostones and siltstones of the Ballagan Formation exposed along Whitrope Burn are interpreted as representing a restricted lagoonal environment that received significant amounts of land-derived sediment. This site is palynologically dated to the latest Tournaisian–early Viséan. The diverse dental fauna documented here is dominated by large crushing holocephalan toothplates, with very few, small non-crushing chondrichthyan teeth. Two new taxa are named and described. Our samples are consistent with worldwide evidence that chondrichthyan crushing faunas are common following the Hangenberg extinction event. The lagoonal habitat represented by Whitrope Burn may represent a temporary refugium that was host to a near-relict fauna dominated by large holocephalan chondrichthyans with crushing dentitions. Many of these had already become scarce in other localities by the Viséan and become extinct later in the Carboniferous. This fauna provides evidence of early endemism or niche separation within European chondrichthyan faunas at this time. This evidence points to a complex picture in which the diversity of durophagous chondrichthyans is controlled by narrow spatial shifts in niche availability over time.
Silica Dissolution and Precipitation in Glaciated Volcanic Environments and Implications for Mars
Authors: Rutledge A. M. , Horgan B. H. N. , Havig J. R. , Rampe E. B. , Scudder N. A. , Hamilton T. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe surface of Mars exhibits strong evidence for a widespread and long‐lived cryosphere. Observations of the surface have identified phases produced by water‐rock interactions, but the contribution of glaciers to the observed alteration mineralogy is unclear. To characterize the chemical alteration expected on an icy early Mars, we collected water and rock samples from terrestrial glaciated volcanics. We related geochemical measurements of meltwater to the mineralogy and chemistry of proglacial rock coatings. In these terrains, water is dominated by dissolved silica relative to other dissolved cations, particularly at mafic sites. Rock coatings associated with glacial striations on mafic boulders include a silica‐rich component, indicating that silica precipitation is occurring in the subglacial environment. We propose that glacial alteration of volcanic bedrock is dominated by a combination of high rates of silica dissolution and precipitation of opaline silica. On Mars, cryosphere‐driven chemical weathering could be the origin of observed silica‐enriched phases.
Temperature and Composition Dependence of Sea Spray Aerosol Production
Authors: Forestieri S. D. , Moore K. A. , Martinez Borrero R. , Wang A. , Stokes M. D. , Cappa C. D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA discrepancy between laboratory and field‐derived parameterizations for the dependence of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particle number concentrations (Np) and size distributions on water temperature (Tw) exists. Here we address this discrepancy by quantifying the Tw dependence of SSA production over the range −2–25 °C for laboratory‐generated particles using a marine aerosol reference tank (MART), a miniature MART (miniMART), and a plunging jet. Four water types were considered: NaCl water, reef salt (RS) water, filtered and autoclaved reef salt (FARS), and filtered but not autoclaved seawater (NASW). For NaCl, RS, and FARS water the Np exhibited a moderate, monotonic increase with Tw for all generation methods (sensitivity of 2.1–4.1%/°C). This contrasts with some previous laboratory studies but is consistent with parameterizations derived from ambient observations. The reconciliation of laboratory results with these parameterizations supports their use in global models. The Tw sensitivity also increased with particle size in the submicron size range. This indicates the fraction of primary SSA that can act as cloud condensation nuclei has a different sensitivity to Tw than the total particle number. The particle production for actual seawater (NASW) differed from the other water types, exhibiting complex, irreproducible behavior with no clear Tw dependence due most likely to biologically or physically driven temporal evolution of seawater composition. This suggests that variability in seawater composition may have as large an impact as temperature on actual SSA production. These observations provide new constraints and context for understanding the dependence of SSA production on water temperature and composition.
Iodine Catalyzed Ozone Destruction at the Texas Coast and Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Tuite K. , Brockway N. , Colosimo S. F. , Grossmann K. , Tsai C. , Flynn J. , Alvarez S. , Erickson M. , Yarwood G. , Nopmongcol U. , Stutz J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIodine monoxide and ozone measurements were taken using long‐path differential optical absorption spectroscopy along the Gulf of Mexico coast near Galveston, Texas, in spring/summer of 2016. During the eight‐week campaign, half of the days were characterized by O3 between 12 and 25 ppb. These air masses coincided with onshore flow and had measurable levels of IO, with an average daily maximum around 0.8 ppt and values as high as 2 ppt. The presence of IO indicates the influence of iodine chemistry which catalytically destroys O3. Using observed IO and NO2 levels, along with model HO2 data, an O3 destruction rate between 1.5 and 2 ppb/day was calculated. Assuming a background O3 level of 30 ppb, it is very likely that iodine chemistry is responsible for destroying enough O3 along a 10‐day back trajectory through the Gulf of Mexico to explain the low mixing ratios frequently experienced along the Texas coast.
Impact of Ningaloo Niño on Tropical Pacific and an Interbasin Coupling Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Lei , Han Weiqing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Ningaloo Niño refers to the evident interannual variability of sea surface temperature anomalies in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), which can be caused by the Pacific La Niña. Through performing atmospheric general circulation model experiments, this study shows that the Ningaloo Niño can also actively impact on the tropical Pacific. The sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the Ningaloo Niño induces negative sea level pressure anomalies extending from the SEIO to the Maritime Continent, strengthens western Pacific trade winds, and thus cools the central tropical Pacific. In turn, the central Pacific cooling anomalies generate cyclonic wind anomalies over the SEIO, and the strengthened trades enhance the Indonesian throughflow, with both enhancing the Ningaloo Niño. As such, a positive feedback loop associated with an interbasin coupling mechanism is proposed, which acts to amplify the Ningaloo Niño and its subsequent impact on the tropical Pacific.
Jupiter Lightning‐Induced Whistler and Sferic Events With Waves and MWR During Juno Perijoves
Authors: Imai Masafumi , Santolík Ondřej , Brown Shannon T. , Kolmašová Ivana , Kurth William S. , Janssen Michael A. , Hospodarsky George B. , Gurnett Donald A. , Bolton Scott J. , Levin Steven M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the Juno perijove explorations from 27 August 2016 through 1 September 2017, strong electromagnetic impulses induced by Jupiter lightning were detected by the Microwave Radiometer (MWR) instrument in the form of 600‐MHz sferics and recorded by the Waves instrument in the form of Jovian low‐dispersion whistlers discovered in waveform snapshots below 20 kHz. We found 71 overlapping events including sferics, while Waves waveforms were available. Eleven of these also included whistler detections by Waves. By measuring the separation distances between the MWR boresight and the whistler exit point, we estimated the distance whistlers propagate below the ionosphere before exiting to the magnetosphere, called the coupling distance, to be typically one to several thousand of kilometers with a possibility of no subionospheric propagation, which gives a new constraint on the atmospheric whistler propagation.
Melting in High‐Pressure Ice Layers of Large Ocean Worlds—Implications for Volatiles Transport
Authors: Kalousová Klára , Sotin Christophe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA high‐pressure ice layer controls the exchange of heat and material between the silicate core and the ocean of Ganymede and Titan. We have shown (Kalousová et al., 2018, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.07.018) that a temperate (partially molten) layer is always present at the ocean interface. Another temperate layer with a few percent of water may be present at the silicates interface for low values of Rayleigh number. We derive scaling laws to predict the critical value under which this temperate layer exists and the amount of generated melt. The presence of liquid water in contact with silicates was probably limited to the early history, providing a pathway for the transfer of salts and volatiles like 40Ar to the ocean. We also derive scaling laws for the water outflow velocity and for the top temperate layer thickness. These laws can be used to model the global thermal and compositional evolution of large ocean worlds.
Detectable Impacts of the Past Half‐Degree Global Warming on Summertime Hot Extremes in China
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhai Panmao , Zhou Baiquan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAvoided risks in a 1.5°C warmer world as opposed to a 2°C one become urgent to be assessed after the Paris Agreement, especially at regional scales. To provide an observable analog, this study quantified detectable impacts of the past 0.5°C global warming on summertime hot extremes in China. The half‐degree global warming has preferentially facilitated the emergence and prevalence of complex hot extremes (sequential hot day‐night), which experienced a twofold‐fourfold increase in their frequency in Southeast China, lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and northern China, along with a doubling to tripling of duration and intensity. The past global warming of 0.5°C further exacerbated the vulnerability of above hot spots by exposing them to drastically augmented (over 300%) excess heat accumulated during the severest complex events. These observation‐based solid evidences imply that a 0.5°C reduction in future global warming does matter for China to avoid excessively escalated risks of complex hot extremes.