bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of TROPOMI SIF Products With Improved Geolocation Match Between In Situ and Satellite Measurements
Authors: Zeng Qicheng , Wu Xiaodan , Tang Rongqi , Pei Jing , Du Xianglei , Pan Fei , Wen Jianguang , Xiao Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDirect comparison with in situ measurements serves as the primary method for validating TROPOMI SIF products. However, due to geometric errors in satellite data, the exact spatial extent of the nominal validation pixel may not align with the in situ site perfectly. In addressing this challenge, this study proposed, for the first time, a method to precisely identify the validation pixels matching with in situ sites. Moreover, the accuracy of the TROPOMI SIF product was reevaluated with the improved geolocation match method between the satellite pixel and the corresponding in situ site. The results indicate that ignoring the geometric errors of TROPOMI pixels can result in a 49% probability of mismatch between the validation pixel and the in situ site. The errors caused by geolocation mismatch mainly come from two aspects. One is the incorrect extraction of the validation pixel, with a maximum error of 1.385 mWm−2 sr−1 nm−1. The other is the pixel‐scale reference “truth,” which resulted from the improper upscaling function of in situ measurements, and the maximum of this kind of error was 0.445 mWm−2 sr−1 nm−1. With this improved geolocation match method, the TROPOMI SIF product showed a RMSE of 0.58 mWm−2 sr−1 nm−1, a bias of 0.19 mWm−2 sr−1 nm−1, and a R2 of 0.51, which indicate a better performance than without considering geometric location matching errors.
Single-cell morphometrics reveals T-box gene-dependent patterns of epithelial tension in the Second Heart field
Authors: Guijarro Clara , Song Solène , Aigouy Benoit , Clément Raphaël , Villoutreix Paul , Kelly Robert G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe vertebrate heart tube extends by progressive addition of epithelial second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells from the dorsal pericardial wall. The interplay between epithelial mechanics and genetic mechanisms during SHF deployment is unknown. Here, we present a quantitative single-cell morphometric analysis of SHF cells during heart tube extension, including force inference analysis of epithelial stress. Joint spatial Principal Component Analysis reveals that cell orientation and stress direction are the main parameters defining apical cell morphology and distinguishes cells adjacent to the arterial and venous poles. Cell shape and mechanical forces display a dynamic relationship during heart tube formation. Moreover, while the T-box transcription factor Tbx1 is necessary for cell orientation towards the arterial pole, activation of Tbx5 in the posterior SHF correlates with the establishment of epithelial stress and SHF deletion of Tbx5 relaxes the progenitor epithelium. Integrating findings from cell-scale feature patterning and mechanical stress provides new insights into cardiac morphogenesis.
On the engineering of higher-order Van Hove singularities in two dimensions
Authors: Chandrasekaran Anirudh , Rhodes Luke C. , Morales Edgar Abarca , Marques Carolina A. , King Phil D. C. , Wahl Peter , Betouras Joseph J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe properties of correlated electron materials are often intricately linked to Van Hove singularities (VHS) in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. The class of these VHS is of great importance, with higher-order ones—with power-law divergence in the density of states—leaving frequently distinct signatures in physical properties. We use a new theoretical method to detect and analyse higher-order VHS (HOVHS) in two-dimensional materials and apply it to the electronic structure of the surface layer of Sr2RuO4. We then constrain a low energy model of the VHS of the surface layer of Sr2RuO4against angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quasiparticle interference data to analyse the VHS near the Fermi level. We show how these VHS can be engineered into HOVHS.
Alternative splicing is coupled to gene expression in a subset of variably expressed genes
Authors: Karlebach Guy , Steinhaus Robin , Danis Daniel , Devoucoux Maeva , Anczuków Olga , Sheynkman Gloria , Seelow Dominik , Robinson Peter N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNumerous factors regulate alternative splicing of human genes at a co-transcriptional level. However, how alternative splicing depends on the regulation of gene expression is poorly understood. We leveraged data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to show a significant association of gene expression and splicing for 6874 (4.9%) of 141,043 exons in 1106 (13.3%) of 8314 genes with substantially variable expression in nine GTEx tissues. About half of these exons demonstrate higher inclusion with higher gene expression, and half demonstrate higher exclusion, with the observed direction of coupling being highly consistent across different tissues and in external datasets. The exons differ with respect to multiple characteristics and are enriched for hundreds of isoform-specific Gene Ontology annotations suggesting an important regulatory mechanism. Notably, splicing-expression coupling of exons with roles in JUN and MAP kinase signalling could play an important role during cell division.
Local certification of unitary operations
Authors: Kukulski Ryszard , Stępniak Mateusz , Hendzel Kamil , Pawela Łukasz , Gardas Bartłomiej , Puchała Zbigniew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, we analyze the local certification of unitary quantum channels, which is a natural extension of quantum hypothesis testing. A particular case of a quantum channel operating on two systems corresponding to product states at the input, is considered. The goal is to minimize the probability of the type II error, given a specified maximum probability of the type I error, considering assistance through entanglement with auxiliary systems. Our result indicates connection of the local certification problem with a product numerical range of unitary matrices. We show that the optimal local strategy does not need usage of auxiliary systems and requires only single round of one-way classical communication. Moreover, we compare local and global certification strategies and show that typically local strategies are optimal, yet in some extremal cases, where global strategies make no errors, local ones may fail miserably. Finally, some application for local certification of von Neumann measurements are discussed as well.
Investigating ultra-high dose rate water radiolysis using the Geant4-DNA toolkit and a Geant4 model of the Oriatron eRT6 electron linac
Authors: Chappuis Flore , Tran Hoang Ngoc , Jorge Patrik Gonçalves , Zein Sara A. , Kyriakou Ioanna , Emfietzoglou Dimitris , Bailat Claude , Bochud François , Incerti Sébastien , Desorgher Laurent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy, a promising cancer treatment approach, offers the potential to reduce healthy tissue damage during radiotherapy. As the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown, several hypotheses have been proposed, including the altered production of radio-induced species under ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) conditions. This study explores realistic irradiation scenarios with various dose-per-pulse and investigates the role of pulse temporal structure. Using the Geant4 toolkit and its Geant4-DNA extension, we modeled the Oriatron eRT6 linac, a FLASH-validated electron beam, and conducted simulations covering four distinct dose-per-pulse scenarios – 0.17 Gy, 1 Gy, 5 Gy, and 10 Gy – all featuring a 1.8 µs pulse duration. Results show close agreement between simulated and experimental dose profiles in water, validating the eRT6 model for Geant4-DNA simulations. We observed important changes in the temporal evolution of certain species, such as the earlier fall in hydroxyl radicals ($$^{ \bullet } \text{O}\text{H}$$) and reduced production and lifetime of superoxide ($${\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet\:}-}$$) with higher dose-per-pulse levels. The pulse temporal structure did not influence the long-term evolution of species. Our findings encourage further investigation into different irradiation types, such as multi-pulse configurations, and emphasize the need to add components in water to account for relevant cellular processes.
Full-waveform inversion reveals diverse origins of lower mantle positive wave speed anomalies
Authors: Schouten Thomas L. A. , Gebraad Lars , Noe Sebastian , Gülcher Anna J. P. , Thrastarson Solvi , van Herwaarden Dirk-Philip , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDetermining Earth’s structure is paramount to unravel its interior dynamics. Seismic tomography reveals positive wave speed anomalies throughout the mantle that spatially correlate with the expected locations of subducted slabs. This correlation has been widely applied in plate reconstructions and geodynamic modelling. However, global travel-time tomography typically incorporates only a limited number of easily identifiable body wave phases and is therefore strongly dependent on the source-receiver geometry. Here, we show how global full-waveform inversion is less sensitive to source-receiver geometry and reveals numerous previously undetected positive wave speed anomalies in the lower mantle. Many of these previously undetected anomalies are situated below major oceans and continental interiors, with no geologic record of subduction, such as beneath the western Pacific Ocean. Moreover, we find no statistically significant correlation positive anomalies as imaged using full-waveform inversion and past subduction. These findings suggest more diverse origins for these anomalies in Earth’s lower mantle, unlocking full-waveform inversion as an indispensable tool for mantle exploration.
A longitudinal investigation of the determinants of stroke survivors’ utilisation of a healthy lifestyle for stroke rehabilitation in Australia
Authors: Rahman Md Sazedur , Adams Jon , Peng Wenbo , Sibbritt David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the longitudinal predictors of lifestyle behaviours among stroke survivors in New South Wales, Australia. This longitudinal study utilised data from the baseline survey (2005–2009) and a sub-study survey (2017) of the 45 and Up Study. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and supplement use were included as dependent variables. Generalised estimating equation models were employed to assess the longitudinal association between the dependent variable and demographic and health status measures. The average age of the participants (n = 576) was 67 (SD = 9) years at baseline and 76 (SD = 9) years at the sub-study survey time, with 54.9% being male. The longitudinal analysis revealed that the likelihood of moderate/high physical activity significantly declined over time and was lower among participants with diabetes, but was higher among those with university education. The likelihood of smoking was significantly higher in females, moderate/high-risk alcohol consumers, and those with depression, but was lower among supplement users. The likelihood of moderate/high-risk alcohol consumption significantly declined with time, and was lower among females, but higher among smokers. The likelihood of supplement use significantly declined over time, but was higher among females and/or those with asthma. Our findings help illustrate that many stroke survivors may benefit from further support in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle as part of their stroke management and long-term rehabilitation, which is crucial to optimising their quality of life and successful secondary stroke prevention.
Identification of virus epitopes and reactive T-cell receptors from memory T cells without peptide synthesis
Authors: Wang Lihui , Xu Runda , Huang Daosheng , Peng Pai , Sun Keyong , Hu Jie , Liu Bei-zhong , Fang Liang , Zhang Liwen , Sun Xin , Gu Fei , Tang Ni , Huang Ai-long , Lin Xin , Lan Xun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentifying epitopes and their corresponding T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences is crucial in the face of rapidly mutating viruses. Peptide synthesis is often required to confirm the exact epitope sequences, which is time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we introduce a scalable workflow to identify the exact sequences of virus epitopes and reactive TCRs targeting the epitopes from memory T cells. Following the narrowing down of epitopes to specific regions via the tandem minigene (TMG) system, our workflow incorporates the utilization of peptide-major histocompatibility complex-displaying yeasts (pMHC-displaying yeasts) to rapidly screen immunogenic epitopes’ precise sequences, obviating the necessity for the chemical synthesis of peptides. Focusing on SARS-CoV-2, we identify the precise sequences of reactive TCRs, targeting conserved epitopes across the Coronaviridae family, from the blood of COVID-19-recovered individuals over 8 months. Notably, we reveal that at least 75% (6/8) of the tested donors harbor T cells targeting a shared epitope, KTFPPTEPK, derived from the N protein. Furthermore, several identified TCRs exhibit cross-reactivity to mutant epitopes, suggesting a potential mechanism for sustained T-cell responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
YAP signaling orchestrates the endothelin-1-guided invadopodia formation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Tocci Piera , Caprara Valentina , Roman Celia , Sestito Rosanna , Rosanò Laura , Bagnato Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) is a notoriously challenging disease, characterized by a rapid peritoneal dissemination. HG-SOC cells leverage actin-rich membrane protrusions, known as invadopodia, to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and invade, initiating the metastatic cascade. In HG-SOC, the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin A receptor (ETAR)-driven signaling coordinates invadopodia activity, however how this axis integrates pro-oncogenic signaling routes, as YAP-driven one, impacting on the invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation and metastatic progression, deserves a deeper investigation. Herein, we observed that downstream of the ET-1/ET-1R axis, the RhoC and Rac1 GTPases, acting as signaling intermediaries, promote the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of YAP. Conversely, the treatment with the dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, macitentan, inhibits the ET-1-driven YAP activity. Similarly, RhoC silencing, or cell transfection with a dominant inactive form of Rac1, restores YAP phosphorylation. Mechanistically, the ET-1R/YAP signal alliance coordinates invadopodia maturation into ECM-degrading structures, indicating how such ET-1R-guided protein network represents a route able to enhance the HG-SOC invasive potential. At functional level, we found that the interconnection between the ET-1R/RhoC and YAP signals is required for MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic functions, cell invasion, and cytoskeleton architecture changes, supporting the HG-SOC metastatic strength. In HG-SOC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) macitentan, turning-off the invadopodia regulators RhoC/YAP, halts the metastatic colonization. ET-1R targeting, hindering the YAP activity, weakens the invadopodia machinery, embodying a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent peritoneal dissemination in HG-SOC.
Asteroid material classification based on multi-parameter constraints using artificial intelligence
Authors: Ge Jiayi , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Juan , Li Mingtao , Tang Yijun , Jiang Yunxiao , Liu Chengzhi , Kang Zhe , Zeng Xianqun , Jiang Xiaojun 
Published: November 2024

Context. Material types of asteroids provide key clues to their evolutionary history and contained resources. The Gaia mission has released extensive low-resolution spectral observation data of small Solar System bodies. However, methods for classifying asteroids based on low-resolution space-based spectra are still inadequate, and do not fully leverage the complementary features of spectra and multiple intrinsic attributes of asteroids to achieve precise material classification.
Aims. Our goal is to propose a method with a higher generalization accuracy for asteroid material classification by integrating multi-source information, identifying optimal feature combinations for model inputs, and deepening the understanding of relationships among asteroid parameters.
Methods. The effective asteroid photometric, physical, and orbital parameters were screened using the information gain ratio and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Then, artificial intelligence techniques were employed to combine asteroid spectra with the selected various parameters for six-class material classification. By comparing five machine learning models, we identified network structures with higher validation accuracy and stable generalization performance. Meanwhile, feature ablation experiments were conducted to determine the input parameter combinations suitable for different scenarios. Finally, based on the statistical results and model outputs, the constraint relationships among asteroid parameters were visualized and analyzed.
Results. The proposed AsterRF model achieved a validation accuracy of 92.2%, an improvement of approximately 7.8 percentage points compared to existing methods that use only spectra. V-type asteroids exhibited the highest classification accuracy, followed by A-type and D-type. X-type asteroids had the lowest precision and recall, and were easily confused with C-type. The model generally showed higher classification confidence for S-type asteroids. The top five attributes that the model focused on are the phase slope parameter (G), orbital type, albedo, H magnitude, and effective diameter. Additionally, the correlations between asteroid materials and other parameters were generally below 0.4.
Conclusions. Incorporating optimal asteroid parameter combinations can significantly enhance classification accuracy based on spectra. A dual-channel network that processes spectra and parameter inputs separately, and employs a self-attention mechanism for feature fusion is effective in combining multi-source asteroid information. Both the statistical correlations and model performance-based importance rankings of parameters contribute to understanding the constraint relationships among asteroid attributes.
Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Sinusitis Complications in Children
Authors: Bulut Karakuş Arife Melike , Alkan Gülsüm , Emiroglu Melike , Tüter Öz Şadiye Kübra , Öztürk Mehmet , Gökmen Muhammet Fatih , Sahinoglu Mert , Kıymaz Meltem , Özyalvaç Büşra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective This retrospective study evaluates the demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, treatment approaches, and outcomes of children with complications arising from bacterial sinusitis.
Methods Fifty-four pediatric inpatients with sinusitis complications admitted between September 2013 and October 2022 were included in the study. These patients were categorized into two groups: those with preseptal cellulitis (group 1) and those with orbital–intracranial complications (group 2).
Results The median age of the patients was 10.8 years, and 61.1% were males. Maxillary sinusitis (n = 40.74%) was the most common type of sinus involvement. Half of the patients exhibited preseptal cellulitis. The median age of our patients with intracranial complications was 13.7 years, while the median age of patients with orbital complications was 8 years. The predominant orbital–intracranial complication was meningitis, which accounted for 41% of the cases. All patients with a subdural abscess (n = 6) presented with frontal sinusitis, while all cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis (n = 3) involved the sphenoidal sinus. Surgical intervention was undertaken in 37% of cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism. The median duration of hospital stay was 14 days, with a total median treatment duration of 21 days. There were no fatalities, although neurological sequelae were observed in 7.4% of patients (n = 4).
Conclusion Preseptal cellulitis and meningitis remain the most common complications of sinusitis in children. Adolescents with sinusitis should be monitored closely for intracranial complications. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae as the most frequently detected pathogen underscores the importance of vaccination.
Efficient high-power diffraction-limited fiber laser with a record low quantum defect of 1.7%
Authors: Kalichevsky-Dong Monica T. , Bingham Samuel P. , Hawkins Thomas W. , Meeham Bailey , Dragic Peter , Ballato John , Dong Liang 
Published: November 2024

In this work, we demonstrate an approach to potentially lower the quantum defect to ∼1% without significant compromise of efficiency. In a first demonstration, a diffraction-limited ∼154 W laser emitting at ∼993 nm with negligible amplified spontaneous emission, pumped at ∼976 nm, was achieved with a slope efficiency of ∼75% vs the launched pump power. The laser quantum defect is a record low of 1.7% for high-power (&gt;100 W) solid-state lasers to the best of our knowledge. The output is only limited by the available pump power.
DDDNet: A lightweight and robust deep learning model for accurate segmentation and analysis of TEM images
Authors: Wang Chanjuan , Luo Huilan , Wang Jiyuan , Groom Daniel 
Published: November 2024

The primary aim of this study was to develop an optimal, lightweight model for the segmentation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Our model is designed with a minimal parameter count, superior performance metrics, and robust adaptability to variations in substrates, nanoparticle sizes, and nanomaterial diversity within TEM images. In achieving this, we benchmarked our model against four deep learning models using subsets from the Bright-Field TEM(BF-TEM) and Au-TEM datasets. Our model demonstrated exceptional segmentation performance, requiring only 0.34 M parameters and 39.33 G floating-point operations. It also provided the most accurate estimates of average nanoparticle sizes, closely matching true labeled values. These results confirm the model’s proficiency and precision in TEM image processing and introduce a powerful tool for nanoscale image analysis. Our work sets a new standard for lightweight and efficient TEM segmentation models, paving the way for future advancements in nanotechnology research.
h-BN-assisted Metal Contact Transfer to InSe for Two-Dimensional Multifunctional Electronic Devices
Authors: Wei 尉 Chijun 驰俊 , Jiazila 努 Nuertai 尔泰·加孜拉 , Liu 刘 Xuanye 轩冶 , Song 宋 Peng 鹏 , Gao 高 Hui 辉 , Sun 孙 Jiequn 杰群 , Bao 鲍 Lihong 丽宏 , Lin 林 Xiao 晓 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metal contacts to two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are crucial for determining the electrical performance of electronic devices. However, traditional three-dimensional metal deposition processes cause damage to 2D semiconductors and considerable Fermi-level-pinning effects. In this study, a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-assisted transfer method was proposed for transferring metal contacts to few-layered InSe for fabricating 2D functional electronic devices. Using the transferred Pt electrodes as the contact, p-type dominated ambipolar conduction behavior with the hole Schottky barrier height (SBH) approaching 0 meV was observed in field-effect transistors (FETs) comprising multilayered InSe. Based on this phenomenon, several InSe homojunctions were fabricated using a dual-gate modulating method such as p–p, n–n, p–n, and n–p. For InSe p–n homojunctions, a current rectification ratio of over 104 and optoelectronic detection capabilities were achieved. Furthermore, a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) inverter with an ultra-high voltage gain exceeding 60 at V
DD = −1 V was fabricated. The proposed h-BN-assisted metal contact transfer method can be easily extended to other 2D semiconductors for fabricating complementary electronic and optoelectronic devices.