bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Neuro-)Cognitive poetics and computational stylistics
Authors: Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis perspective paper discusses four general desiderata of current computational stylistics and (neuro-)cognitive poetics concerning the development of (a) appropriate databases/training corpora, (b) advanced qualitative-quantitative narrative analysis (Q2NA) and machine learning tools for feature extraction, (c) ecologically valid literary test materials, and (d) open-access reader-response data banks. In six explorative computational stylistics studies, it introduces a number of tools that provide QNA indices of the foregrounding potential at the sublexical, lexical, inter- and supralexical levels for poems by Shakespeare, Blake, or Dickens. These concern lexical diversity and aesthetic potential, sentiment analysis, sublexical sonority scores or phrase structure, and topics analysis. The results illustrate the complex interplay of stylistic features and the necessity for theoretical guidance and interdisciplinary cooperation in selecting adequate training corpora, QNA tools, test texts, and response measures.
Eye movements reveal readers’ sensitivity to deliberate metaphors during narrative reading
Authors: Vries Clarissa de , Reijnierse W. Gudrun , Willems Roel M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Metaphors occur frequently in literary texts. Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT; e.g., Steen, 2017) proposes that metaphors that serve a communicative function as metaphor are
radically different from metaphors that do not have this function. We investigated differences in processing between deliberate
and non-deliberate metaphors, compared to non-metaphorical words in literary reading. Using the Deliberate Metaphor Identification
Procedure (Reijnierse et al., 2018), we identified metaphors in two literary stories.
Then, eye-tracking was used to investigate participants’ (N = 72) reading behavior. Deliberate metaphors were
read slower than non-deliberate metaphors, and both metaphor types were read slower than non-metaphorical words. Differences were
controlled for several psycholinguistic variables. Differences in reading behavior were related to individual differences in
reading experience and absorption and appreciation of the story. These results are in line with predictions from DMT and underline
the importance of distinguishing between metaphor types in the experimental study of literary reading.
Amplified Association Between Blood Pressure and Albuminuria in Overweight Patients With Biopsy-Proven Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Authors: Kohagura Kentaro , Furuichi Kengo , Kochi Masako , Shimizu Miho , Yuzawa Yukio , Hara Akinori , Toyama Tadashi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoshiki , Sato Hiroshi , Uesugi Noriko , Ubara Yoshifumi , Hoshino Junichi , Hisano Satoshi , Ueda Yoshihiko , Nishi Shinichi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Nishino Tomoya , Ogawa Daisuke , Mise Koki , Shibagaki Yugo , Kimura Kenjiro , Haneda Masakazu , Makino Hirofumi , Matsuo Seiichi , Wada Takashi ,   Research Group of Diabetic Nephropathy and Nephrosclerosis, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
An overweight person is at high risk for hypertensive renal damage. The effect of weight on the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and albuminuria remains unknown in patients with histologically diagnosed hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

METHODS
A total of 97 patients with biopsy-confirmed hypertensive nephrosclerosis were recruited from 13 centers throughout Japan. We examined the relationship between SBP and proteinuria among those who were overweight, which is defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and those who were not. We examined the interaction of weight and SBP with albuminuria at baseline and with the changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the observational period.

RESULTS
Our results included mean age (54 years old), blood pressure (138/80), eGFR (53 ml/min/1.73 m2), and urine albumin levels (0.2 g/day). SBP was significantly correlated with log-transformed urine albumin levels (r = 0.4, P = 0.01) in patients who were overweight (n = 38) compared with patients who were not overweight (n = 59). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the interaction between being overweight and SBP with respect to albuminuria was significantly correlated with the log-transformed urine albumin level (β = 0.39, P = 0.047) and was independent of age, sex, and potential confounding factors. The interaction between weight and SBP ≥140 mm Hg was significantly associated with a greater decrease in eGFR in the following 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Being overweight may enhance susceptibility to hypertensive glomerular damage and may eventually lead to renal progression in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
Association of Orthostatic Hypotension Timing With Clinical Events in Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: Results From the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P , Lipsitz Lewis A , Beach Jennifer L , Mukamal Kenneth J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of orthostatic hypotension (OH) measurement timing on its associations with dizziness, falls, fractures, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality.

METHODS
We analyzed OH measurements from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes BP trial, which evaluated two blood pressure (BP) goals (systolic BP [SBP] &lt; 120 mm Hg vs. SBP &lt; 140 mm Hg) and incident CVD among adults with diabetes and hypertension. Seated BP was measured after 5 minutes of rest at baseline and follow-up visits (12 months, 48 months, and exit). Standing BP was measured 3 consecutive times (M1–M3) after standing, starting at 1 minute with each measurement separated by 1 minute. Consensus OH was defined as a drop in SBP ≥ 20 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 10 mm Hg. Participants were asked about orthostatic dizziness, recent falls, and recent fractures, and underwent surveillance for CVD events and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
There were 4,268 participants with OH assessments over 8,450 visits (mean age 62.6 years [SD = 6.6]; 46.6% female; 22.3% black). Although all measures of consensus OH were significantly associated with dizziness, none were associated with falls, and only M2 (~3 minutes) was significantly associated with fractures. No measurements were associated with CVD events, but later measurements were significantly associated with mortality. BP treatment goal did not increase risk of OH regardless of timing. Associations were not consistently improved by the mean or minimum of M1–M3.

CONCLUSION
In this population of adults with hypertension and diabetes, neither single time nor set of measurements were clearly superior with regard to outcomes. These findings support the use of a flexibly timed, single measurement to assess OH in clinical practice.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number NCT00000620
Intensive Care Admissions and Associated Severity of Influenza B Versus A During Influenza B Vaccine–mismatched Seasons
Authors: Korem Maya , Orenbuch-Harroch Efrat , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Israel Sarah , Cohen Matan J , Sviri Sigal , Levin Phillip D , Mandelboim Michal , Wolf Dana G 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Patients admitted to hospital with influenza B and A in Jerusalem, Israel, during the 2015–2016 and 2017–2018 influenza seasons demonstrated similar rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and associated disease severity. Most (63%) influenza B ICU patients received influenza B–mismatched trivalent vaccine. These findings call into question the equivalence of trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines in preventing severe influenza B.
Destination Joint Spacers, Reinfection, and Antimicrobial Suppression
Authors: Valencia Jose Carlo B , Abdel Matthew P , Virk Abinash , Osmon Douglas R , Razonable Raymund R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this cohort of 51 patients managed with retained “destination spacers” after the resection of infected joint prostheses, the presence of preoperative sinus drainage was significantly associated with reinfection. Chronic antimicrobial suppression after destination-spacer retention did not significantly prevent reinfections.
FoxO1 inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion leading to endothelial autophagic-apoptosis in diabetes
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ge Song , He Kesuai , Zhao Xin , Wu Ya , Shao Yongfeng , Wu Xiaohong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
Inadequate autophagy contributed to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between inadequate autophagy and endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis in diabetes and its underlying mechanism.

Methods and results
Aortic intima and ECs were isolated from diabetic patients. Cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by western blotting. Autophagosomes were observed by electron microscopy. The fusion of autophagosome and lysosomes was detected by immunofluorescence. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, the levels of LC3-II, p62, FoxO1, and Ac-FoxO1 were increased in ECs from diabetic patients, accompanied by the decreased expressions of Atg14, STX17, and co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP2 and Atg14/STX17. Long-term stimulation with AGEs up-regulated LC3-II and p62 expression and the number of autophagosomes with decreased level of Atg14, STX17, Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7), and co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP2 and Atg14/STX17 in HAECs. The apoptosis rates were increased with elevated cleaved-caspase-3 and declined Bcl-2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine could reduce long-term AGEs-induced apoptosis. Higher levels of FoxO1, Ac-FoxO1, and Ac-FoxO1 binding to Atg7 were detected in AGEs-treated HAECs. AGEs-induced FoxO1 enhanced Akt activity, decreased SIRT1-deacetylase activity by phosphorylation and elevated Ac-FoxO1. Knockout of FoxO1 reduced AGEs-induced autophagy and promoted the expression of Atg14 and the co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP 2 and Atg14/STX17.

Conclusion
Inadequate autophagy with impaired autophagosome-lysosomal fusion exists in aortic intima and ECs from diabetic patients. FoxO1 mediates AGEs-induced ECs autophagic apoptosis through impairing autophagosome-lysosomes fusion by inhibiting Atg14 expression.
Precessing spherical shells: flows, dissipation, dynamo and the lunar core
Authors: Cébron D , Laguerre R , Noir J , Schaeffer N 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARYPrecession of planets or moons affects internal liquid layers by driving flows, instabilities and possibly dynamos. The energy dissipated by these phenomena can influence orbital parameters such as the planet’s spin rate. However, there is no systematic study of these flows in the spherical shell geometry relevant for planets, and the lack of scaling law prevents convincing extrapolation to celestial bodies. We have run more than 900 simulations of fluid spherical shells affected by precession, to systematically study basic flows, instabilities, turbulence and magnetic field generation. We observe no significant effects of the inner core on the onset of the instabilities. We obtain an analytical estimate of the viscous dissipation, mostly due to boundary layer friction in our simulations. We propose theoretical onsets for hydrodynamic instabilities, and document the intensity of turbulent fluctuations. We extend previous precession dynamo studies towards lower viscosities, at the limits of today’s computers. In the low viscosity regime, precession dynamos rely on the presence of large-scale vortices, and the surface magnetic fields are dominated by small scales. Interestingly, intermittent and self-killing dynamos are observed. Our results suggest that large-scale planetary magnetic fields are unlikely to be produced by a precession-driven dynamo in a spherical core. But this question remains open as planetary cores are not exactly spherical, and thus the coupling between the fluid and the boundary does not vanish in the relevant limit of small viscosity. Moreover, the fully turbulent dissipation regime has not yet been reached in simulations. Our results suggest that the melted lunar core has been in a turbulent state throughout its history. Furthermore, in the view of recent experimental results, we propose updated formulas predicting the fluid mean rotation vector and the associated dissipation in both the laminar and the turbulent regimes.
Stability of Pure Nilpotent Structures on Collapsed Manifolds
Authors: Jiang Zuohai , Xu Shicheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to study the stability of pure nilpotent structures on an $n$-manifold for different collapsed metrics. We prove that if two metrics with bounded sectional curvature are $L_0$-bi-Lipschitz equivalent and sufficient collapsed (depending on $L_0$ and $n$), then up to a diffeomorphism, the underlying nilpotent Killing structures coincide with each other, or one is embedded into another as a subsheaf. It improves Cheeger–Fukaya–Gromov’s local compatibility of pure nilpotent Killing structures for one collapsed metric to two Lipschitz equivalent metrics. As an application, we prove that those pure nilpotent Killing structures constructed by various smoothing methods to a Lipschitz equivalent metric with bounded sectional curvature are uniquely determined by the original metric modulo a diffeomorphism.
How nucleation and luminosity shape faint dwarf galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Janssen R , Puzia T H , Ferrarese L , Côté P , Eigenthaler P , Miller B , Ordenes-Briceño Y , Peng E W , Ribbeck K X , Roediger J , Spengler C , Taylor M A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the intrinsic shapes of a sample of over 400 quiescent galaxies in the cores of the Virgo and Fornax clusters with luminosities 106 ≤ Lg/L⊙ ≤ 108. Similar to satellites of the Local Group and Centaurus A, these faint, low surface brightness cluster galaxies are best described as a family of thick (〈C/A〉 &gt; 0.5), oblate-triaxial spheroids. However, the large sample size allows us to show that the flattening of their stellar distribution depends both on luminosity and on the presence of a nuclear star cluster. Nucleated satellites are thicker at all luminosities compared to their non-nucleated counterparts, and fainter galaxies are systematically thicker as well, regardless of nucleation. Once nucleation is accounted for, we find no evidence that the environment the satellites live in plays a relevant role in setting their 3D structure. We interpret both the presence of stellar nuclei and the associated thicker shapes as the result of preferential early and rapid formation, effectively making these faint nucleated galaxies the first generation of cluster satellites.
Comparison of Outcomes in Level I vs Level II Trauma Centers in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy or Craniectomy for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Saiegh Fadi Al , Starke Robert M , Theofanis Thana , Das Somnath O , Jallo Jack 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) carries a devastatingly high rate of morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether patients undergoing craniotomy/craniectomy for severe TBI fare better at level I than level II trauma centers in a mature trauma system.

METHODS
The data were extracted from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database. Inclusion criteria were patients > 18 yr with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score less than 9) undergoing craniotomy or craniectomy in the state of Pennsylvania from January 1, 2002 through September 30, 2017.

RESULTS
Of 3980 patients, 2568 (64.5%) were treated at level I trauma centers and 1412 (35.5%) at level II centers. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for significantly worse GCS scores at admission in level I centers (P = .002). The rate of in-hospital mortality was 37.6% in level I centers vs 40.4% in level II centers (P = .08). Mean Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores at discharge were significantly higher in level I (10.9 ± 5.5) than level II centers (9.8 ± 5.3; P < .005). In multivariate analysis, treatment at level II trauma centers was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.37; P = .01) and worse FIM scores (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.7; P = .001). Mean hospital and ICU length of stay were significantly longer in level I centers (P < .005).

CONCLUSION
This study showed superior functional outcomes and lower mortality rates in patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure for severe TBI in level I trauma centers.
A Scoping Review of Foci, Trends, and Gaps in Reviews of Tobacco Control Research
Authors: Halas Gayle , Schultz Annette S H , Rothney Janet , Wener Pamela , Holmqvist Maxine , Cohen Benita , Kosowan Leanne , Enns Jennifer E , Katz Alan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The burden of disease associated with tobacco use has prompted a substantial increase in tobacco-related research, but the breadth of this literature has not been comprehensively examined. This review examines the nature of the research addressing the action areas in World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the populations targeted and how equity-related concepts are integrated.

Method
A scoping review of published reviews addressing tobacco control within the primary prevention domain. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Educational Resources Information Centre, and PsycInfo from 2004 to 2018.

Results
The scoping review of reviews offered a “birds-eye-view” of the tobacco control literature. Within the 681 reviews meeting inclusion criteria, there was a strong focus on smoking cessation targeting individuals; less attention has been given to product regulation, packaging, and labeling or sales to minors. Equity-related concepts were addressed in 167/681 (24.5%); few were focused on addressing inequity through structural and systemic root causes.

Conclusion
This analysis of foci, trends, and gaps in the research pursuant to the FCTC illustrated the particular action areas and populations most frequently addressed in tobacco control research. Further research is needed to address: (1) underlying social influences, (2) particular action areas and with specific populations, and (3) sustained tobacco use through the influence of novel marketing and product innovations by tobacco industry.

Implications
This scoping review of the breadth of tobacco control research reviews enables a better understanding of which action areas and target populations have been addressed in the research. Our findings alongside recommendations from other reviews suggest prioritizing further research to support policymaking and considering the role of the tobacco industry in circumventing tobacco control efforts. The large amount of research targeting individual cessation would suggest there is a need to move beyond a focus on individual choice and decontextualized behaviors. Also, given the majority of reviews that simply recognize or describe disparity, further research that integrates equity and targets various forms of social exclusion and discrimination is needed and may benefit from working in collaboration with communities where programs can be tailored to need and context.
Advice to the European Commission as Regards Type and Criteria for Comprehensive Studies to Be Requested From Manufacturers: The Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental, and Emerging Risks (SCHEER)
Authors: Talhout Reinskje , Duarte-Davidson Raquel , Hoet Peter , Nair Urmila , Rydzynski Konrad , Vermeire Theo , Zacharov Sergej , Testai Emanuela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe European Commission has established a priority list of 15 additives contained in cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco subject to enhanced reporting obligations. The European Union (EU) Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) prescribes that Member States shall require manufacturers and importers of tobacco products to carry out comprehensive studies on these additives to assess their contribution to any of the properties listed in Article 6 of the TPD: toxicity or addictiveness, characterizing flavor, inhalation facilitation, nicotine uptake, and carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction. The Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental, and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has provided guidance on the type and criteria for comprehensive studies, and on the most suitable methodologies to test these 15 tobacco additives as well as additives on future updated lists. The SCHEER proposes a stepwise strategy as the most pragmatic and efficient way to assess the effects of tobacco additives. In addition to proposing specific steps and tests to be considered by industry, some general criteria were also identified such as no comparative testing (testing cigarettes with and without the additive) and no animal studies. As tobacco additives have no benefits for health, but rather may promote use of and addiction to an extremely toxic product, a risk–benefit analysis is not the appropriate paradigm for assessing the additive. When comprehensive studies confirm that additives have any of the properties listed in Article 6 of the TPD, regulatory actions should be considered. If uncertainties cannot be solved by comprehensive studies, the SCHEER recommends that the assessors consider the worst-case evaluation.ImplicationsIn this article, the SCHEER proposes a stepwise strategy to assess (1) the toxic and addictive effects, (2) the characterizing flavor, and (3) facilitating inhalation properties of tobacco additives. The proposed steps and tests provide guidance to (1) Member State on which comprehensive studies should be requested and (2) tobacco industry on which strategy of testing should be applied to address the request and to prepare reports to be sent to the relevant authorities for the evaluation of tobacco additives “safety” to comply with the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU.