bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of the Investigational Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoma With Varying Degrees of Hepatic Dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Lockhart A. Craig , Fu Siqing , Nemunaitis John , Sarantopoulos John , Muehler Andreas , Rangachari Lakshmi , Bargfrede Michael , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of moderate or severe hepatic impairment on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of the investigational anticancer agent, alisertib, in adult patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Patients with normal hepatic function (total bilirubin and alanine transaminase [ALT] ≤ upper limit of normal [ULN]), moderate hepatic impairment (1.5 × ULN < total bilirubin ≤ 3 × ULN, with any ALT) or severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin > 3 × ULN, with any ALT), received a single 50‐mg oral dose of alisertib. Blood samples for PK were collected up to 168 hours postdose. Predose samples were also used to assess alisertib plasma protein binding. Patients could continue to receive alisertib for 7 days in 21‐day cycles (50, 30, or 10 mg twice daily for normal hepatic function, moderate hepatic impairment, and severe hepatic impairment, respectively). Alisertib was approximately 99% protein bound in all hepatic function groups. Alisertib exposure was similar in moderate and severe hepatic impairment groups, but higher than the normal hepatic function group. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for unbound alisertib area under the curve extrapolated to infinity for moderate/severe impairment groups versus the normal hepatic function group was 254% (184%, 353%). Patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment have approximately 150% higher unbound alisertib exposures compared with patients with normal hepatic function. An approximately 60% reduction of the starting dose of alisertib in patients with moderate/severe hepatic impairment is recommended based on pharmacokinetic considerations.
Influence of Ag/titanate nanotubes on physicochemical, antifouling and antimicrobial properties of mixed‐matrix polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Mozia Sylwia , Sienkiewicz Paulina , Szymański Kacper , Zgrzebnicki Michał , Darowna Dominika , Czyżewski Adam , Morawski Antoni W 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the main drawbacks of membrane processes is (bio)fouling. Recent attempts to overcome these phenomena focus on incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membrane matrices. This paper presents an investigation of the influence of modification of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes with Ag/titanate nanotubes (Ag/TNTs) on physicochemical characteristics, water permeability and antifouling and antibacterial properties.RESULTSThe modified membranes were prepared via a wet phase inversion method by adding 0.1–1.5 wt% of Ag/TNTs relative to PES into the casting solution. An increase of water permeability with increasing Ag/TNTs content up to 1 wt% was found. The modification contributed to fouling mitigation during ultrafiltration of humic acids solution due to (i) improved hydrophilicity, (ii) presence of Ag/TNTs turbulence promoters and (iii) negative surface charge of the membranes. A correlation between membrane surface roughness, zeta potential and proneness to fouling is discussed. The highest inhibition of bacterial growth, reaching 99.8 and 99.3% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively, was observed at the highest Ag/TNTs content.CONCLUSIONSThe introduction of Ag/TNTs into PES membrane structures improved membrane permeability, fouling resistance and antibacterial properties. The most significant improvement was observed in the case of membranes containing the largest quantities of Ag/TNTs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies used by gay male HIV serodiscordant couples to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from anal intercourse in three countries
Authors: Bavinton Benjamin R , Prestage Garrett P , Jin Fengyi , Phanuphak Nittaya , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Fairley Christopher K , Baker David , Hoy Jennifer , Templeton David J , Tee Ban K , Kelleher Anthony , Grulich Andrew E ,   the Opposites Attract Study Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are few data about the range of strategies used to prevent sexual HIV transmission within gay male serodiscordant couples. We examined HIV prevention strategies used by such couples and compared differences between countries.MethodsOpposites Attract was a cohort study of male serodiscordant couples in Australia, Brazil and Thailand, from May 2014 (Australia) or May 2016 (Brazil/Thailand) to December 2016. At visits, HIV‐positive partners had viral load (VL) tested; HIV‐negative partners reported sexual behaviour and perceptions of their HIV‐positive partner's VL results. Within‐couple acts of condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) were categorized by strategy: condom‐protected, biomedically protected (undetectable VL and/or pre‐exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]), or not protected by either (HIV‐negative partners engaging in insertive CLAI, receptive CLAI with withdrawal, or receptive CLAI with ejaculation).ResultsA total of 343 couples were included in this analysis (153 in Australia, 93 in Brazil and 97 in Thailand). Three‐quarters of HIV‐positive partners were consistently virally suppressed (<200 copies/mL) during follow‐up, and HIV‐negative partners had correct perceptions of their partner's VL result for 76.5% of tests. One‐third of HIV‐negative partners used daily PrEP during follow‐up. Over follow‐up, 73.8% of couples had CLAI. HIV‐negative partners reported 31,532 acts of anal intercourse with their HIV‐positive partner. Of these, 46.7% were protected by condoms, 48.6% by a biomedical strategy and 4.7% of acts were not protected by these strategies. Australian couples had fewer condom‐protected acts and a higher proportion of biomedically protected acts than Brazilian and Thai couples. Of the 1473 CLAI acts where the perceived VL was detectable/unknown and were not protected by PrEP (4.7% of all acts), two‐thirds (n = 983) were when the HIV‐negative partner was insertive (strategic positioning). Of the 490 acts when the HIV‐negative partner was receptive, 261 involved withdrawal and 280 involved ejaculation. Thus, <1% of acts were in the highest risk category of receptive CLAI with ejaculation.ConclusionsCouples used condoms, PrEP or perceived undetectable VL for prevention in the majority of anal intercourse acts. Only a very small proportion of events were not protected by these strategies. Variation between countries may reflect differences in access to HIV treatment, education, knowledge and attitudes.
Lessons we can learn from neurons to make cancer cells quiescent
Authors: Dent Myrna A. R. , Aranda‐Anzaldo Armando 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCancer is a major concern for contemporary societies. However, the incidence of cancer is unevenly distributed among tissues and cell types. In particular, the evidence indicates that neurons are absolutely resistant to cancer and this is commonly explained on the basis of the known postmitotic state of neurons. The dominant paradigm on cancer understands this problem as a disease caused by mutations in cellular genes that result in unrestrained cell proliferation and eventually in tissue invasion and metastasis. However, the evidence also shows that mutations and gross chromosomal anomalies are common in functional neurons that nevertheless do not become neoplastic. This fact suggests that in the real nonexperimental setting mutations per se are not enough for inducing carcinogenesis but also that the postmitotic state of neurons is not genetically controlled or determined, otherwise there should be reports of spontaneously transformed neurons. Here we discuss the evidence that the postmitotic state of neurons has a structural basis on the high stability of their nuclear higher order structure that performs like an absolute tumor suppressor. We also discuss evidence that it is possible to induce a similar structural postmitotic state in nonneural cell types as a practical strategy for stopping or reducing the progression of cancer.
Quantitative assessments reveal improved neuroscience engagement and learning through outreach
Authors: Saravanapandian Vidya , Sparck Erin M. , Cheng Karen Y. , Yu Fei , Yaeger Courtney , Hu Terry , Suthana Nanthia , Romero‐Calderón Rafael , Ghiani Cristina A. , Evans Christopher J. , Carpenter Ellen M. , Ge Weihong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLack of resources and exposure to neuroscience in K‐12 education has resulted in a limited number of K‐12 students pursuing higher education in the field. Meanwhile, the rapid expansion of the field of neuroscience has encouraged many higher educational institutes to offer neuroscience majors. This has opened up the opportunity to engage faculty, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in bringing the most needed knowledge and awareness about neuroscience into K‐12 classrooms. However, undergraduate neuroscience curricula have limited formal opportunities to engage in outreach, and few existing programs have assessments to determine their effectiveness. To address these needs, we developed quantitative assessment tools that complement an existing neuroscience outreach program—Project Brainstorm—at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). 29 UCLA undergraduates enrolled in the 2016 and 2017 programs participated in this study, along with 298 K‐12 students from local schools across the Los Angeles area. In undergraduate students, we assessed (a) improvement in students’ teaching/communication abilities across the course of the outreach program, and (b) confidence in explaining neuroscience topics and interest in pursuing teaching career. In K‐12 students, we evaluated (a) knowledge gain in neuroscience topics and (b) interest in pursuing higher education. Overall, Project Brainstorm showed significant improvement in all the above‐mentioned categories. The assessment tools and data presented here provide a data‐driven approach for optimizing neuroscience outreach programs and can easily be adapted to other outreach programs within neuroscience and in other STEM fields.
Understanding the drivers of liking for fresh pears: a cross‐cultural investigation of Chinese and Korean panels and consumers
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Yang Seungeun , Cho Mi‐Sook , Chung Seo‐Jin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study identified and compared the drivers of liking for fresh pears cross‐culturally, using Korean and Chinese panels and consumers. The pear samples consisted of six types of fresh pear varying in flavor and texture qualities. The descriptive panels for the two countries independently derived descriptive terms for the pears. Acceptance testing was also conducted to examine the hedonic levels of fresh pears among Chinese and Korean consumers. Multivariate analysis of variance, using a general linear model (GLM), and multiple‐factor analysis were applied to the descriptive data. The consumer test data were analyzed using a GLM, correspondence analysis, and internal preference mapping.RESULTSThe results showed that the overall perceptual configurations of pears developed by the Chinese and Korean panels were similar. The consumer liking for fresh pears and the drivers of liking were also cross‐culturally similar. Consumers from both countries liked crisp and juicy Asian pears but they had different perceptions of and liking for the pear with a strong fruity note and soft texture. This observation was supported by the results of the descriptive analysis, which showed that the Chinese panel considered this pear sample to be fruity and have an harmonious flavor, whereas the Korean panel – which was less familiar with the sample – considered its flavor unharmonious.CONCLUSIONPrevious cross‐cultural studies have often found that food acceptance levels vary markedly with the degree of familiarity with target foodstuffs. However, unlike other food categories, the difference seems relatively small for fruits that are commonly available across cultures. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic value of posttreatment HPV‐specific antibodies in patients with oropharyngeal tumors
Authors: Simonidesova Simona , Hamsikova Eva , Ludvikova Viera , Klozar Jan , Vencalek Ondrej , Tachezy Ruth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐specific antibodies in patients with head and neck cancer at enrollment has prognostic significance. In cervical carcinoma patients, the decrease of HPV E6/E7‐specific antibodies appears to be associated with a better prognosis.MethodsThis prospective study with follow‐up focused on the persistence and prognostic value of antibodies specific for HR HPV‐derived VLPs and HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins in patients with oropharyngeal cancers. In this study, we analyzed sera of 93 patients taken a year after the end of treatment and sera from 58 of these patients taken up to 14 years after treatment.ResultsThe level of HPV‐specific antibodies decreased on the 1‐year follow‐up and the decrease during the long follow‐up was statistically significant. For HPV16 E7 antibodies the decrease was steeper in nonrecurrent patients. While the level of antibodies at enrollment was not predictive of recurrences, the decrease of HPV16 E6 antibodies at 1‐year follow up was associated with better overall as well as disease‐specific survival of patients.ConclusionsThe data suggest that the pretreatment level of HPV‐specific antibodies is not predictive of the occurrence of recurrences but the decrease HPV16 E6 antibodies on the 1‐year follow‐up is predictive of better survival of HN patients.
Increase corrosion resistance of mild steel in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions by metoclopramide tablet
Authors: Golshani Zahra , Hosseini Seyed M. A. , Shahidizandi Mehdi , Bahrami Mohammad J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, metoclopramide tablet was thoroughly evaluated as an effective inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M hydrochloric acid solutions by different techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [EIS]) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the compound has a proper inhibiting effect at concentrations of 600 ppm for sulfuric acid and 300 ppm for hydrochloric acid solutions. The effect of temperature on the corrosion rate of alloy in the absence and presence of this drug was also studied. The EIS measurements revealed that by the addition of the inhibitor up to a certain concentration, the charge transfer resistance increases and the double layer capacitance decreases. The probe showed that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the alloy surface in both solutions follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This process is spontaneous and exothermic. The information obtained from SEM confirmed the formation of the protective layer on the surface of the sample after immersion in solutions containing the compound.
Time‐dependent shortest paths with discounted waits
Authors: Omer Jérémy , Poss Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study a variant of the shortest path problem in a congested environment. In this setting, the travel time of each arc is represented by a piecewise continuous affine function of departure time. Besides, the driver is allowed to wait at nodes to avoid wasting time in traffic. While waiting, the driver is able to perform useful tasks for her job or herself, so the objective is to minimize only driving time. Although optimal solutions may contain cycles and pseudo‐polynomially many arcs, we provide a representation of the solutions that is polynomial in the absolute value of the inverse of the slopes as well as in the dimensions of the graph. We further prove that the problem is ‐Hard when the slopes are integer. We introduce a restriction of the problem where waits must be integer and propose pseudo‐polynomial algorithms for the latter. We also provide a pseudo‐FPTAS, polynomial in the ratio between the bound on the total waiting time and the minimum travel time. Finally, we discuss harder variants of the problem and show their inapproximability.
The use of mobile technology to facilitate self‐management in adults with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative explorative approach
Authors: Franklin Rachel H. , Waite Marion , Martin Clare 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims(a) To explore how mobile technology can support self‐management in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). (b) To inform a usability study in the design of a mobile application to facilitate self‐management of T1DM.DesignQualitative exploratory design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with adults with T1DM (N = 8). The data collected were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsMobile technology has the potential to support adults in their self‐management of T1DM through facilitating their decision‐making, saving time and enabling them to easily share their data with their healthcare professional. Participants identified four main visualization characteristics for technology to aid in decision‐making; relationships between inputs, trends, graphs and colours, and identified essential features such as ease of use, convenience and connectivity.
Patient and community nurse perspectives on recruitment to a randomized controlled trial of urinary catheter washout solutions
Authors: Shepherd Ashley , Steel Emma , Taylor Anne , Mackay William Gordon , Hagen Suzanne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo give evidence around the acceptability of a proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) of catheter washout solutions.DesignA sample of senior community nursing staff (N = 7) were interviewed, and four focus groups with a sample of community nurses were conducted. Eleven semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were undertaken with patients using a long‐term catheter.MethodsAn in‐depth qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was employed. This approach was suitable to explore the lived experiences of patients and gain their viewpoints and experiences.ResultsNurse participants raised concerns about the removal of washout treatment or increased risk of infection in relation to which arm of the trial patients were randomized to. There was concern that patients could get used to the increased contact with nursing staff. Six patients who agreed to participate cited personal benefit, benefiting others and a sense of indifference. Four patients were unsure about taking part and one declined. All cited concerns about negative implications for themselves.
How Do Summer Youth Employment Programs Improve Criminal Justice Outcomes, and for Whom?
Authors: Modestino Alicia Sasser 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCities across the U.S. have turned to summer youth employment programs (SYEPs) to improve the behavioral, economic, and academic outcomes of inner‐city youth. This paper evaluates the impact of the Boston Summer Youth Employment Program using both experimental and non‐experimental variation. Similar to previous studies of summer jobs programs in other cities, I make use of an embedded randomized controlled trial and find that the program reduces violent crime by 35 percent, as measured by the number of arraignments from administrative records during the 17 months after participation. In contrast to prior work, I also find a similar reduction in arraignments for property crimes (−29 percent). This study also provides exploratory evidence on the mechanisms driving these reductions in crime using self‐reported responses of participants from a pre‐/post‐program survey. The results provide suggestive evidence that the beneficial impacts on violent and property crime are largely driven by improved conflict resolution skills versus other factors that would increase the opportunity cost of crime. These findings give researchers some insights into the behavioral changes that occur during the program while also providing a look inside the “black box” as to how SYEPs affect youth outcomes in the long run.
What determines how we see nature? Perceptions of naturalness in designed urban green spaces
Authors: Hoyle Helen , Jorgensen Anna , Hitchmough James D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe multiple benefits of ‘nature’ for human health and well‐being have been documented at an increasing rate over the past 30 years. A growing body of research also demonstrates the positive well‐being benefits of nature‐connectedness. There is, however, a lack of evidence about how people's subjective nature experience relates to deliberately designed and managed urban green infrastructure (GI) with definable ‘objective’ characteristics such as vegetation type, structure and density. Our study addresses this gap.Site users (n = 1411) were invited to walk through woodland, shrub and herbaceous planting at three distinctive levels of planting structure at 31 sites throughout England, whilst participating in a self‐guided questionnaire survey assessing reactions to aesthetics, perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity, restorative effect, nature‐connectedness and socio‐demographic characteristics.There was a significant positive relationship between perceived naturalness and planting structure. Perceived naturalness was also positively related to the perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity value, participants’ aesthetic appreciation and the self‐reported restorative effect of the planting. A negative relationship was recorded between perceived naturalness and perceived tidiness and care. Our findings showed that participants perceived ‘naturalness’ as biodiverse, attractive and restorative, but not necessarily tidy. Perceived naturalness was also related to participants’ educational qualifications, gender and nature‐connectedness, with women and more nature‐connected participants perceiving significantly greater levels of naturalness in the planting.These findings are highly significant for policymakers and built environment professionals throughout the world aiming to design, manage and fund urban GI to achieve positive human health and biodiversity outcomes. This applies particularly under austerity approaches to managing urban green spaces where local authorities have experienced cuts in funding and must prioritise and justify GI maintenance practices and regimes.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.