bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between intraoperativelow-dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine, as an anaesthetic adjuvant in lumbar spine instrumentation surgery for the post-operative analgesic requirement
Authors: Mitra Ranadhir , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Rath Girija , Bithal Parmod , Khandelwal Ankur 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery presents the anaesthesiologist with multiple issues like intraoperative blood loss, hemodynamic changes, prolonged surgery etc, but the most probing aspect is analgesia. While both ketamine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants have shown to decrease intraoperative anaesthetics and post operative analgesic consumption but there are no comparative studies. The primary aim of this study was comparison of post-operative analgesic requirements for 1st 24 hours after surgery when either of the drugs was used as adjuvants. Methods: Adult patients aged 18-60 years, of either sex, and ASA status I or II scheduled for elective lumbar spine instrumentation (of 2 or more spinal levels) surgery were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomised into one of the 3 treatment regimens ketamine/group K (0.5mg/kg bolus followed by 250 mcg/kg/h infusion), dexmedetomidine/ group D (0.5mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mcg/kg/h infusion) or the placebo/ group S (saline/placebo). The study drugs were started after turning the patient prone. Data were recorded for intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthetic consumption (inhalational agent and opioids), emergence through RAS scale (Riker sedation agitation scale), PCA (patient controlled analgesia)-fentanyl use and VAS (visual analog scale) score in the 1st 24 hours after surgery. Appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results: A total of 42 patients (14 in each group) were enrolled. The total PCA fentanyl consumed in first 24 hours of surgery was maximum with the group-S (1366.6±382.6 mcg) in compared with group- D (1035.4±391.8 mcg) and group- K (1164.9±503.6 mcg) (P=0.13). The post extubation RAS score was lower in group-K (3.7±0.6) when compared with group-D (4±0.4) and group-S (4.5±0.9) (P=.009). Total intraoperative sevoflurane and fentanyl consumption showed no difference (P=0.19 and P=0.28). VAS score at rest was higher at baseline with group-S (P=0.009). The ICU stay was comparable (group-D: 1.4±0.5 d, group-K: 1.5±0.5 d, group-S: 1.9±0.5 d) among the groups. Hospital stay was also comparable (P=0.09). Conclusion: In patients undergoing lumbar instrumentation surgery, opioid consumption, VAS scores, PCA pump bad demands, inhalational agent consumption, hospital stay were comparable when either ketamine or dexmedetomidine was used as intraoperative anesthetic adjuvants.
A case of pneumothorax following bougie-guided intubation in a patient undergoing excision of an intraventricular space occupying lesion
Authors: Rajagopal Ramanan , Jayaseelan Veena , George Mathew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 46-year-old female with intraventricular space occupying lesion was posted for craniotomy and excision of the same. Immediately following routine induction of general anaesthesia and a bougie-guided intubation, she developed increased airway pressures and desaturation associated with a decreased air entry on the right side of the chest suggestive of a right-sided pneumothorax which was confirmed with radio imaging and following the placement of chest drain the saturation improved and airway pressures decreased. To be faced with a pneumothorax following an intubation could be surprising for a non-suspecting anaesthesiologist and it can have important implications especially in neurosurgical cases where a tight control of intracranial pressure is warranted. Hence, this case report emphasises the need for a high index of clinical suspicion for proper management and safe patient outcome.
Updated MISR over-water research aerosol retrieval algorithm – Part 2: A multi-angle aerosol retrieval algorithm for shallow, turbid, oligotrophic, and eutrophic waters
Authors: Limbacher James A. , Kahn Ralph A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Coastal waters serve as transport pathways to the ocean for all agricultural
and other runoff from terrestrial sources, and many are the sites for
upwelling of nutrient-rich, deep water; they are also some of the most
biologically productive on Earth. Estimating the impact coastal waters have
on the global carbon budget requires relating satellite-based remote-sensing
retrievals of biological productivity (e.g., chlorophyll a concentration)
to in situ measurements taken in near-surface waters. The Multi-angle Imaging
SpectroRadiometer (MISR) can uniquely constrain the “atmospheric
correction” needed to derive ocean color from remote-sensing imagers. Here,
we retrieve aerosol amount and type from MISR over all types of water. The
primary limitation is an upper bound on aerosol optical depth (AOD), as the
algorithm must be able to distinguish the surface. This updated MISR research
aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) also assumes that light reflection by the
underlying ocean surface is Lambertian. The RA computes the ocean surface
reflectance (Rrs) analytically for a given AOD, aerosol optical
model, and wind speed. We provide retrieval examples over shallow, turbid, and eutrophic waters and
introduce a productivity and turbidity index (PTI), calculated from retrieved
spectral Rrs, that distinguished water types (similar to the the normalized difference vegetation index,
NDVI, over land). We also validate the new algorithm by comparing spectral AOD and
Ångström exponent (ANG) results with 2419 collocated AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)
observations. For AERONET 558 nm interpolated
AOD < 1.0, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.04 and linear
correlation coefficient is 0.95. For the 502 cloud-free MISR and AERONET
collocations with an AERONET AOD > 0.20, the ANG RMSE is 0.25 and
r is 0.89. Although MISR RA AOD retrieval quality does not appear to be
substantially impacted by the presence of turbid water, the MISR-RA-retrieved
Ångström exponent seems to suffer from increased uncertainty under
such conditions. MISR supplements current ocean color sources in regions where sunglint
precludes retrievals from single-view-angle instruments. MISR atmospheric
correction should also be more robust than that derived from single-view
instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).
This is especially true in regions of shallow,
turbid, and eutrophic waters, locations where biological productivity can be
high, and single-view-angle retrieval algorithms struggle to separate
atmospheric from oceanic features.
Deglacial evolution of regional Antarctic climate and Southern Ocean conditions in transient climate simulations
Authors: Lowry Daniel P. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Menviel Laurie , Bertler Nancy A. N. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Constraining Antarctica's climate evolution since the end of the Last Glacial
Maximum (∼18 ka) remains a key challenge, but is important for
accurately projecting future changes in Antarctic ice sheet mass balance.
Here we perform a spatial and temporal analysis of two transient deglacial
climate simulations, one using a fully coupled GCM (TraCE-21ka) and one using
an intermediate complexity model (LOVECLIM DGns), to determine
regional differences in deglacial climate evolution and identify the main
strengths and limitations of the models in terms of climate variables that
impact ice sheet mass balance. The greatest continental surface warming is
observed over the continental margins in both models, with strong
correlations between surface albedo, sea ice coverage, and surface air
temperature along the coasts, as well as regions with the greatest decrease
in ice surface elevation in TraCE-21ka. Accumulation–temperature scaling
relationships are fairly linear and constant in the continental interior, but
exhibit higher variability in the early to mid-Holocene over coastal regions.
Circum-Antarctic coastal ocean temperatures at grounding line depths are
highly sensitive to the meltwater forcings prescribed in each simulation,
which are applied in different ways due to limited paleo-constraints.
Meltwater forcing associated with the Meltwater Pulse 1A (MWP1A) event
results in subsurface warming that is most pronounced in the Amundsen and
Bellingshausen Sea sector in both models. Although modelled centennial-scale
rates of temperature and accumulation change are reasonable, clear
model–proxy mismatches are observed with regard to the timing and duration
of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) and Younger Dryas–early Holocene
warming, which may suggest model bias in large-scale ocean circulation,
biases in temperature reconstructions from proxy records, or that the MWP1A
and 1B events are inadequately represented in these simulations. The
incorporation of dynamic ice sheet models in future transient climate
simulations could aid in improving meltwater forcing representation, and thus
model–proxy agreement, through this time interval.
Measuring rates of present-day relative sea-level rise in low-elevation coastal zones: a critical evaluation
Authors: Keogh Molly E. , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Although tide gauges are the primary source of data used to
calculate multi-decadal- to century-scale rates of relative sea-level change,
we question the usefulness of tide-gauge data in rapidly subsiding
low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs). Tide gauges measure relative sea-level
rise (RSLR) with respect to the base of associated benchmarks. Focusing on
coastal Louisiana, the largest LECZ in the United States, we find that these
benchmarks (n=35) are anchored an average of 21.5 m below the land
surface. Because at least 60 % of subsidence occurs in the top 5 m of
the sediment column in this area, tide gauges in coastal Louisiana do not
capture the primary contributor to RSLR. Similarly, global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) stations (n=10) are anchored an average of
> 14.3 m below the land surface and therefore also do not
capture shallow subsidence. As a result, tide gauges and GNSS stations in
coastal Louisiana, and likely in LECZs worldwide, systematically
underestimate rates of RSLR as experienced at the land surface. We present an
alternative approach that explicitly measures RSLR in LECZs with respect to
the land surface and eliminates the need for tide-gauge data in this context.
Shallow subsidence is measured by rod surface-elevation table–marker horizons
(RSET-MHs) and added to measurements of deep subsidence from GNSS data, plus
sea-level rise from satellite altimetry. We show that for an LECZ the size of
coastal Louisiana (25 000–30 000 km2), about 40 RSET-MH instruments
suffice to collect useful data. Rates of RSLR obtained from this approach are
substantially higher than rates as inferred from tide-gauge data. We
therefore conclude that LECZs may be at higher risk of flooding within a
shorter time horizon than previously assumed.
Building Learning Path of Mathematical Creative Thinking of Junior Students on Geometry Topics by Implementing Metacognitive Approach
Authors: Fauzi Kms. M. Amin , Dirgeyase I Wayan , Priyatno Agus 
Published: January 2019

Mathematical creative ability is one of the most important skills students must have to process the information provided in resolving the problem. Before using mathematical creative skills, prior knowledge becomes the most crucial thing that allows students to connect all existing information so that they can construct new knowledge through assimilation or accommodation processes. The process of forming mathematical concepts with metacognitive questions that might be carried out by students causes a metacognitive process in students that will affect their mathematical behavior.
The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze prior knowledge of what students miss or forget so that they have difficulty to answer the given geometry problem, (2) how the learning path of creative thinking of students with the application of metacognitive approach. This type of research is Design Research to improve the quality of learning. This type of research is research design, data collection techniques .The researcher gave 2 geometry questions to 38 8th graders selected randomly in SMP Medan city. Questions given are tailored to Cognitive level 4 (C4) for questions 1 and C5 for question 2 based on Bloom's taxonomy. Data analysis techniques are descriptive qualitative.This study shows that prior knowledge becomes important to build students' mathematical creative ability to gain new knowledge, especially in the field of geometry. The most problematic topics that make it difficult for them to understand geometry are the area of the rectangle and the cube webs. In dividing the rectangle into two equal parts, students still have not created another form of flat build or have not been able to get out of the rectangular pattern or exactly the same as the available problem.
There are five phases of learning trajectory of hierarchically creative mathematical thinking, which is orientation to problem, problem solving plan, plan realization, previous knowledge mastery / concept of mathematical creativity and evaluation of result obtained. Students do metacognition on the learning path of creative thinking in a comprehensive way from evaluation to planning, action to the formation of prior knowledge and selection of creative ideas. From these explanations, it is important that teachers need to ensure students have enough prior knowledge to make it easier to construct new knowledge, as well as to make learning fun and meaningful so that students will remember knowledge in long-term memory.
Maatschappelijke initiatieven, subsidies en transactiekosten
Authors: Bokkes Willem 
Published: January 2019

Maatschappelijke initiatieven, subsidies en transactiekosten
Gemeenten ondersteunen, onder andere met subsidies, maatschappelijke initiatieven. Met die subsidies zijn landelijk miljoenen euro’s gemoeid. De maatschappelijke effecten van initiatieven worden niet of slechts globaal onderzocht. Een van de argumenten om dit te rechtvaardigen luidt: als er genoeg draagvlak in een wijk of dorp is, moet een initiatief wel maatschappelijke meerwaarde hebben.Een besluit om subsidie te verstrekken resulteert in een transactie tussen gemeente en initiatiefnemers. Met behulp van de transactiekostentheorie en de welvaartstheorie worden in deze bijdrage subsidievoorwaarden geanalyseerd. Hieruit blijkt dat de subsidievoorwaarden in de bestudeerde subsidieregelingen de transactiekosten voor partijen beperken, maar dat zelfs bij voldoende draagvlak een initiatief nog niet een maatschappelijke meerwaarde hoeft te hebben.
‘Your Fourier’s Failed’
Authors: Hood Eric 
Published: January 2019

This chapter traces the affective forces at work in Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s representation of utopian socialist Charles Fourier in Aurora Leigh (1855). In Barrett Browning’s verse-novel, “Fourier” operates as a sign mediated by networks of affect, referring not only to the political struggles surrounding socialism in the 1850s but also to Barrett Browning’s personal psychoanalytic conflicts against both her father and her own queer desires (particularly, for George Sand). Thus, “Fourier” functions as a nodal point in Aurora Leigh where a political crisis and the author’s individual psychological needs meet to produce a dismissal of the economic and social alternatives that were available at that historical moment and the forms of queer identity that challenged the heteronormative, liberal order.
Multichannel Spatially Nonhomogeneous Focused Vector Vortex Beams for Quantum Experiments
Authors: Wang Enliang , Shi Lina , Niu Jiebin , Hua Yilei , Li Hailiang , Zhu Xiaoli , Xie Changqing , Ye Tianchun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe utilization of vector vortex beams (VVBs) in quantum experiments has recently become a topic of tremendous interest. However, achieving a focused, high‐resolution, transmission‐type, multichannel, and nonhomogeneously polarized VVB array remains a great challenge. Here, by introducing a degree of freedom on a high‐order Poincaré sphere in the form of latitude‐polarization control and locally tailoring the phase and transverse polarization distributions at the subwavelength scale, a single transmission‐type dielectric metalens design for producing a multichannel, spatially nonhomogeneous, focused VVB array is demonstrated. Three special kinds of lattices (triangle, square, and rhombus) are demonstrated, yielding independently controllable orbital angular momentum states and polarization states of a tightly focused field in each channel. Furthermore, by using only the proposed metalens and a polarizer, a mode‐demultiplexing system is realized with a mode crosstalk as low as −34.8 dB for all four channels. The results offer a robust technological foundation for exploiting spatial degrees of freedom of structured light in the miniaturization and integration of quantum photonics devices.
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐based amphiphilic networks and their swelling properties
Authors: Donmez Rahim , Yati Ilker , Tezcan Demirel Yagmur , Bulbul Sonmez Hayal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNew amphiphilic networks were generated using the various molecular mass of poly (ethylene glycol) and 1,8‐bis(triethoxysilyl) octane through an easy polycondensation process at relatively high temperature to use as a sorbent material. The characterization of obtained sorbents was managed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C, and 29Si cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal properties were settled by thermogravimetric analysis. Swelling skill of the sorbents was specified by swelling tests using several organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and water due to its amphiphilic nature. Synthesized sorbents show quite large amount of organic solvent absorption for instance 1,800% in DCM with excellent reusability up to 10 cycles and have good strength against hydrolysis from 96 to 168 hr in water according to structure of obtained sorbents.
A Spin–Orbit‐Torque Memristive Device
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Luo Shijiang , Xu Nuo , Zou Qiming , Song Min , Yun Jijun , Luo Qiang , Guo Zhe , Li Ruofan , Tian Weicheng , Li Xin , Zhou Hengan , Chen Huiming , Zhang Yue , Yang Xiaofei , Jiang Wanjun , Shen Ka , Hong Jeongmin , Yuan Zhe , Xi Li , Xia Ke , Salahuddin Sayeef , Dieny Bernard , You Long 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMemristors, demonstrated by solid‐state devices with continuously tunable resistance, have emerged as a new paradigm for self‐adaptive networks that require synapse‐like functions (artificial synapse, for example). Spin‐based memristors offer advantages over other types of memristors because of their significant endurance and high energy efficiency. Yet it remains a challenge to build dense and functional spintronic memristors with structures and materials that are compatible with existing ferromagnetic devices. Here, a memristive device based upon Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures is demonstrated, which are commonly used in out‐of‐plane magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). To achieve the memristive function, a domain wall (DW) is driven back and forth in a continuous manner in the CoFeB layer by applying in‐plane positive or negative current pulses along the Ta layer, utilizing the spin–orbit torque (SOT) that the current exerts on the CoFeB magnetization. Hence, the magnetization and consequently the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) resistance are modulated in an analog manner, being controlled by the pulsed current characteristics including amplitude, duration, and repetition number. The quasi‐continuous AHE resistance variation is explained by the SOT‐induced DW creep motion. These results pave the way for developing SOT‐based energy‐efficient neuromorphic systems.
Preparation and characterization of silicone oil modified polyurethane damping materials
Authors: Li Lianzhen , Tian Bo , Li Linlin , Shi Meihui , Guan Yong , Liu Haitao 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA series of polyurethane (PU) composites, which could be used as damping materials, with different contents of hydroxyl silicone oil were successfully prepared in this study. The damping and mechanical properties, thermal stability, and molecular groups of the PU composites were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, electronic tensile analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface morphology was also observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectroscopy showed that the hydroxyl silicone oil was embedded in the PU. The soft and hard segments of the PU composites appeared thermodynamically incompatible and showed microphase separation, as shown by the SEM pictures. The PU composite with 8% hydroxyl silicone oil was found to possess the best synthetic properties among these composites. The maximum values of tan δ were 0.376, 0.561, and 0.573 at 1, 10, and 20 Hz, respectively. The temperature range for the use of damping materials becomes wider at 1 Hz. Frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz might suitable surroundings for the application of damping materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47579.
Comprehensive three‐dimensional morphology of neoangiogenesis in pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Authors: Neubert Lavinia , Borchert Paul , Shin Hoen‐Oh , Linz Friedemann , Wagner Willi L , Warnecke Gregor , Laenger Florian , Haverich Axel , Stark Helge , Hoeper Marius M , Kuehnel Mark , Ackermann Maximilian , Jonigk Danny 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPulmonary veno‐occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare lung disease characterized by fibrotic narrowing of pulmonary veins leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and finally to death by right heart failure. PVOD is often accompanied by pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH), a marked abnormal proliferation of pulmonary capillaries. Both morphological patterns often occur together and are thought to be distinct manifestations of the same disease process and accordingly are classified together in group 1′ of the Nice classification of PH. The underlying mechanisms of these aberrant remodeling processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the three‐dimensional structure of these vascular lesions in the lung explant of a patient diagnosed with PVOD by μ‐computed tomography, microvascular corrosion casting, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, correlative light microscopy and gene expression analysis. We were able to describe multifocal intussusceptive neoangiogenesis and vascular sprouting as the three‐dimensional correlate of progressive PCH, a process dividing pre‐existing vessels by intravascular pillar formation previously only known from embryogenesis and tumor neoangiogenesis. Our findings suggest that venous occlusions in PVOD increase shear and stretching forces in the pulmonary capillary bloodstream and thereby induce intussusceptive neoangiogenesis. These findings can serve as a basis for novel approaches to the analysis of PVOD.