bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming doctoral education: preparing multidimensional and adaptive scholars
Authors: Patterson Clinton A. , Chang Chi-Ning , Lavadia Courtney N. , Pardo Marta L. , Fowler Debra A. , Butler-Purry Karen 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Concerning trends in graduate education, such as high attrition and underdeveloped skills, drive toward a new doctoral education approach. This paper aims to describe and propose a transformative doctoral education model (TDEM), incorporating elements that potentially address these challenges and expand the current practice. The model envisions discipline-specific knowledge coupled with a broader interdisciplinary perspective and addresses the transferable skills necessary to successfully navigate an ever-changing workforce and global landscape. The overarching goal of TDEM is to transform the doctoral student into a multi-dimensional and adaptive scholar, so the students of today can effectively and meaningfully solve the problems of tomorrow.

Design/methodology/approach
The foundation of TDEM is transformative learning theory, supporting the notion learner transformation occurs throughout the doctoral educational experience.

Findings
Current global doctoral education models and literature were reviewed. These findings informed the new TDEM.

Practical implications
Designed as a customizable framework for learner-centered doctoral education, TDEM promotes a mentor network on and off-campus, interdisciplinarity and agile career scope preparedness.

Social implications
Within the TDEM framework, doctoral students develop valuable knowledge and transferable skills. These developments increase doctoral student career adaptability and preparedness, as well as enables graduates to appropriately respond to global and societal complex problems.

Originality/value
This proposed doctoral education framework was formulated through a review of the literature and experiences with curricular design and pedagogical practices at a research-intensive university’s teaching and learning center. TDEM answers the call to develop frameworks that address issues in doctoral education and present a flexible and more personalized training. TDEM encourages doctoral student transformation into adaptive, forward-thinking scholars and thriving in an ever-changing workforce.
Connecting through space and time: catchment‐scale distributions of bacteria in soil, stream water and sediment
Authors: Hermans Syrie M. , Buckley Hannah L. , Case Bradley S. , Lear Gavin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTerrestrial and aquatic environments are linked through hydrological networks that transport abiotic components from upslope environments into aquatic ecosystems. However, our understanding of how bacteria are transported through these same networks is limited. Here, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to over 500 soil, stream water and stream sediment samples collected within a native forest catchment to determine the extent to which bacterial communities in these habitats are connected. We provide evidence that while the bacterial communities in each habitat were significantly distinct from one another (PERMANOVA pairwise P < 0.001), the bacterial communities in soil and stream samples were weakly connected to each other when stream sediment sample locations were downhill of surface runoff flow paths. This pattern decreased with increasing distance between the soil and sediment samples. The connectivity between soil and stream water samples was less apparent and extremely transient; the greatest similarity between bacterial communities in soil and stream water overall was when comparing stream samples collected 1 week post soil sampling. This study shows how bacterial communities in soil, stream water and stream sediments are connected at small spatial scales and provides rare insights into the temporal dynamics of terrestrial and aquatic bacterial community connectivity.
High‐grade Glioma – A decade of care in Christchurch
Authors: Yan Shan Shan , James Melissa L , Kerstens Peter , de Lambert Megan , Robinson Bridget A , Yi Ma 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐grade glioma (HGG) is a devastating illness. Our study aimed to investigate outcomes for patients with HGG treated in Christchurch focussing particularly on those diagnosed with glioblastoma mulitforme (GBM); compare GBM survival with international standards; examine factors associated with better prognosis; and assess the involvement of various allied health disciplines.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed and treated for HGG at Christchurch Hospital. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival. Predefined multivariate analysis was performed to investigate potential prognostic and predictive factors.ResultsA total of 363 patients were diagnosed with HGG at a median age of 64 years with a 5‐year overall survival of 6.1%. Patients with grade IV tumours had a poorer outcome than grade III patients (P = 0.0002, log‐rank test). Eighty‐two per cent of patients had a surgical resection or biopsy of the tumour. For those patients with GBM, gross tumour resection followed by radical chemoradiation was associated with better survival compared with needle biopsy (HR = 1.93,P = 0.018); increasing age was negatively associated with survival (HR = 1.02 per additional age year,P = 0.037); however, waiting time between neurosurgery and radiation did not affect survival. Six per cent of patients received formal psychological input.ConclusionOur survival outcomes were comparable with internationally published series. More research is required to improve survival in HGG, including molecular guided treatment, and better define treatment paradigms, such as for the elderly and frail.
Bedside interpretation of simplified continuous EEG after cardiac arrest
Authors: Lybeck Anna , Cronberg Tobias , Borgquist Ola , Düring Joachim Pascal , Mattiasson Gustav , Piros David , Backman Sofia , Friberg Hans , Westhall Erik 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundContinuous EEG‐monitoring (cEEG) in the ICU is recommended to assess prognosis and detect seizures after cardiac arrest but implementation is often limited by the lack of EEG‐technicians and experts. The aim of the study was to assess ICU physicians ability to perform preliminary interpretations of a simplified cEEG in the post cardiac arrest setting.MethodsFive ICU physicians received training in interpretation of simplified cEEG ‐ total training duration 1 day. The ICU physicians then interpreted 71 simplified cEEG recordings from 37 comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. The cEEG included amplitude‐integrated EEG trends and two channels with original EEG‐signals. Basic EEG background patterns and presence of epileptiform discharges or seizure activity were assessed on 5‐grade rank‐ordered scales based on standardized EEG terminology. An EEG‐expert was used as reference.ResultsThere was substantial agreement (κ 0.69) for EEG background patterns and moderate agreement (κ 0.43) for epileptiform discharges between ICU physicians and the EEG‐expert. Sensitivity for detecting seizure activity by ICU physicians was limited (50%), but with high specificity (87%).ConclusionsAfter cardiac arrest, preliminary bedside interpretations of simplified cEEGs by trained ICU physicians may allow earlier detection of clinically relevant cEEG changes, prompting changes in patient management as well as additional evaluation by an EEG‐expert. This strategy requires awareness of limitations of both the simplified electrode montage and the cEEG interpretations performed by ICU physicians. cEEG evaluation by an expert should not be delayed.
The extraction of first, second or third permanent molar teeth and its effect on the dentofacial complex
Authors: Hatami A , Dreyer C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extraction of permanent molar teeth was first introduced in 1976 as a substitution for premolar extraction in cases with mild crowding. Since then, a number of studies have investigated the effect of permanent molar extraction on dentofacial harmony. Undertaking the procedure of molar extraction is most commonly recommended in response to factors such as: gross caries, large restorations and root‐filled teeth, along with its application in the management of anterior open bite and reduction in crowding in facial regions. It has been indicated, however, that before undertaking the extraction of molar teeth it is important to investigate the potential influence of the procedure on other molars, with particular consideration of their eruption path. This is due to the doubt as to the effect of the exact molar teeth extraction and their consequences. In light of this, This review was undertaken to investigate and compare the effect of first, second and the third molar teeth extraction and their subsequent dentofacial complex changes.
A comparative assessment of plant flammability through a functional approach: The case of woody species from Argentine Chaco region
Authors: Santacruz‐García Ana Carolina , Bravo Sandra , del Corro Florencia , Ojeda Fernando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent changes to fire regimes in many regions of the world have led to renewed interest in plant flammability experiments to understand and predict the consequences of such changes. These experiments require the development of practical and standardised flammability testing protocols. The research aims were (i) to compare plant flammability assessments carried out using two different approaches, namely functional trait analysis and testing with a shoot‐level device; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of disturbances and seasonal variability on flammability. The study area was located in the Western Chaco region, Argentina, and 11 species were selected based on their representativeness in forests. We studied six functional traits related to flammability, growth habit and foliar persistence, in forests without disturbances over the three last decades as well as in disturbed forests. The seasonal variation of these functional traits was evaluated over two consecutive years. Functional trait flammability index (FI) and shoot‐level measurements followed standard protocols. Sixty per cent of the species measured presented a high to very high FI. The results of both assessment methods were significantly correlated. Both methods identified the same species as having medium flammability, but differed in regards to the most flammable species. Senegalia gilliesii was identified as the most flammable species when using functional trait analysis, whereas shoot‐level assessments found Larrea divaricata and Schinus johnstonii to be the most flammable. There were no disturbance effects on the FI but there was seasonal variation. Our results validate the use of functional traits as a predictive method of flammability testing and represent the first global effort comparing flammability obtained through functional trait analysis with empirical measurements. The significant correlation between both methods allows the selection of the one that is more appropriate for the size of the area to be evaluated and for the availability of technical resources.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Chinese herbal medicine combined with tadalafil for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Y. L. , Geng L. G. , He C. B. , Yuan S. Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a tough problem in medicine. This article aims to provide the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with tadalafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction.MethodsAll randomized controlled trials that Chinese herbal medicine combined with tadalafil for erectile dysfunction were included in databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weip Database, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 5.3, and meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 13.1.ResultsA total of 11 studies including 451 cases in the treatment group and 452 cases in the control group were obtained. Compared with tadalafil alone, meta‐analysis suggests there were statistically significant differences in International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5), effective rate, Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP‐Q2, SEP‐Q3) between traditional Chinese medicine combined with tadalafil, and no statistically significant differences in side effects between the two groups. All included studies were tested for publication bias, and the results indicated that there was no significant bias. Two of the articles mentioned the scheme that traditional Chinese medicine combined with low‐dose tadalafil for erectile dysfunction by down stairs.ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine combined with tadalafil has significant efficacy in the treatment of ED with no increase in side effects. The specific implementing regulations and effect of de‐escalation therapy still need more long‐term, multicenter, randomized, and double‐blind clinical trials.
Evidence for the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection model on the origin of Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
Authors: Babay Lilla É. , Horányi Dániel , Győrffy Balázs , Nagy Gyula R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn 2008, Hultén et al hypothesized that maternal ovarian trisomy 21 mosaicism might be the primary causative factor for fetal Down syndrome. We hypothesize that this theory can be extended to trisomy 13.Material and methodsWe collected fetal ovarian tissue from seven female fetuses between 16 and 23 gestational weeks, following the termination of the pregnancy for non‐genetic reasons. All procedures were performed with informed consent and ethical approval from the local ethics committee. We used touch preparation techniques from fetal ovarian tissues and an anti‐stromal antigen 3 antibody against the meiosis‐specific stromal antigen 3 protein to differentiate between germ cells, ovarian stromal cells and the cells entering their first meiotic prophase. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to determine chromosome 13 numbers in each cell.ResultsWe were able to detect a proportion of trisomy 13 cells in all cases. The average incidence of trisomy 13 cells was 2.04% in stromal antigen 3‐positive and 0.91% in the stromal antigen 3‐negative cells. The number of the trisomic cells increased significantly with gestational age (for stromal antigen 3‐positive cells r = 0.93, P = 0.0038, for stromal antigen 3‐negative cells r = 0.85, P = 0.0071).ConclusionsThis study indicates that besides trisomy 21, the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection model could be extended to trisomy 13 as well. The crucial factor for trisomy 13 seems to be the pre‐meiotic/mitotic trisomy 13 mosaicism, leading to a so‐called secondary meiotic nondisjunction of those oocytes having three copies of chromosome 13.
Pharmacist services in nursing homes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Mak Vivienne Sook Li , Tang Yee Woon 
Published: August 2019

AimsPharmacists have been contributing to the care of residents in nursing homes and play a significant role in ensuring quality use of medicine. However, the changing role of pharmacist in nursing homes and their impact on residents is relatively unknown.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched from inception until November 2018 for articles published in English examining the services offered by pharmacists in nursing homes. Studies were included if it examined the impact of interventions by pharmacists to improve the quality use of medicine in nursing homes.ResultsFifty‐two studies (30 376 residents) were included in the current review. Thirteen studies were randomised controlled studies, while the remainder were either pre–post, retrospective or case–control studies where pharmacists provided services such as clinical medication review in collaboration with other healthcare professionals as well as staff education. Pooled analysis found that pharmacist‐led services reduced the mean number of falls (−0.50; 95% confidence interval: −0.79 to −0.21) among residents in nursing homes. Mixed results were noted on the impact of pharmacists' services on mortality, hospitalisation and admission rates among residents. The potential financial savings of such services have not been formally evaluated by any studies thus far. The strength of evidence was moderate for the outcomes of mortality and number of fallers.ConclusionPharmacists contribute substantially to patient care in nursing homes, ensuring quality use of medication, resulting in reduced fall rates. Further studies with rigorous design are needed to measure the impact of pharmacist services on the economic benefits and other patient health outcomes.
The roles of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in the cardiovascular protective effects of polyphenols
Authors: Man Andy W.C. , Xia Ning , Daiber Andreas , Li Huige 
Published: August 2019

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants that have been widely studied for their health benefits as antioxidants. In the last decade, several clinical trials and epidemiological studies have shown that long‐term consumption of polyphenol‐rich diet protects against chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Current cardiovascular studies have also suggested an important role of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in the pathogenesis metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with circadian clocks. In this article, we summarize recent findings, review the molecular mechanisms and the potential of polyphenols as dietary supplements for regulating gut microbiota and circadian rhythms, and discuss future research directions.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Analysis of colorectal cancer‐related mutations by liquid biopsy: Utility of circulating cell‐free DNA and circulating tumor cells
Authors: Takeda Kohki , Yamada Takeshi , Takahashi Goro , Iwai Takuma , Ueda Koji , Kuriyama Sho , Koizumi Michihiro , Matsuda Akihisa , Shinji Seiichi , Ohta Ryo , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Hotta Masahiro , Hara Keisuke , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe recruited 56 colorectal cancer patients and compared the mutational spectrum of tumor tissue DNA, circulating cell‐free DNA (ccfDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) DNA (ctcDNA) to evaluate the potential of liquid biopsy to detect heterogeneity of cancer. Tumor tissue DNA, ccfDNA, and ctcDNA were extracted from each patient and analyzed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and digital PCR. To maximize yields of CTC, three antibodies were used in the capture process. From 34 untreated patients, 53 mutations were detected in tumor tissue DNA using NGS. Forty‐seven mutations were detected in ccfDNA, including 20 not detected in tissues. Sixteen mutations were detected in ctcDNA, including five not detected in tissues. In 12 patients (35.3%), mutations not found in tumor tissues were detected by liquid biopsy: nine (26.5%) in ccfDNA only and three (8.8%) in ctcDNA only. Combination analysis of the two liquid biopsy samples increased the sensitivity to detect heterogeneity. From 22 stage IV patients with RAS mutations in their primary tumors, RAS mutations were detected in 14 (63.6%) ccfDNA and in eight (36.4%) ctcDNA using digital PCR. Mutations not detected in primary tumors can be identified in ccfDNA and in ctcDNA, indicating the potential of liquid biopsy in complementing gene analysis. Combination analysis improves sensitivity. Sensitivity to detect cancer‐specific mutations is higher in ccfDNA compared with ctcDNA.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of once‐monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: A Phase III extension study
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Petersenn Stephan , Biller Beverly M. K. , Kadioglu Pinar , De Block Christophe , T'Sjoen Guy , Vantyghem Marie‐Christine , Tauchmanova Libuse , Wojna Judi , Roughton Michael , Lacroix André , Newell‐Price John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesMany patients with Cushing's disease (CD) require chronic pharmacotherapy to control their hypercortisolism. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of long‐acting pasireotide during a long‐term extension study in patients with CD.DesignOpen‐label extension to a 12‐month Phase III study of long‐acting pasireotide in CD (N = 150; NCT01374906).PatientsPatients with mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) or receiving clinical benefit at core study end could continue long‐acting pasireotide during the extension.ResultsEighty‐one of 150 (54.0%) enrolled patients entered the extension. Median overall exposure to pasireotide at study end was 23.9 months; 39/81 (48.1%) patients completed the extension (received ≥ 12 months’ treatment during the extension and could transit to a separate pasireotide safety study). mUFC was ≤ULN in 42/81 (51.9%), 13/81 (16.0%) and 43/81 (53.1%) patients at extension baseline, month (M) 36 and last assessment. Median mUFC remained within normal limits. Median late‐night salivary cortisol was 2.6 × ULN at core baseline and 1.3 × ULN at M36. Clinical improvements were sustained over time. Forty‐two (51.9%) patients discontinued during the extension: 25 (30.9%) before M24 and 17 (21.0%) after M24. Hyperglycaemia‐related AEs occurred in 39.5% of patients. Mean fasting glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were stable during the extension, with antidiabetic medication initiated/escalated in some patients. Sixty‐six (81.5%) and 71 (88.9%) patients were classified as having diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, antidiabetic medication use, or history of diabetes) at extension baseline and last assessment.ConclusionsLong‐acting pasireotide provided sustained biochemical and clinical improvements, with no new safety signals emerging, supporting its use as an effective long‐term therapy for CD.
Novel homozygous variations in PLCZ1 lead to poor or failed fertilization characterized by abnormal localization patterns of PLCζ in sperm
Authors: Dai Jing , Dai Can , Guo Jing , Zheng Wei , Zhang Tianlei , Li Yuan , Lu Changfu , Gong Fei , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTotal fertilization failure (TFF), which is the failure of fertilization in all oocytes, occurs in 1%‐3% of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. However, the sperm‐related factors that cause fertilization failure in humans are still largely unknown. Here, we identified three novel homozygous variations in the PLCZ1 gene in a recessive inheritance pattern in three consanguineous families, which all located in a key catalytic domain, and predicted to modify its secondary structure and thus impair its hydrolytic activity. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining revealed that PLCζ in mutant sperm exhibited abnormal localization patterns. ICSI‐AOA resulted in an increased rate of normal fertilization compared with previous ICSI cycles (75.0% vs 2.2%, P < .001). In summary, we identified three novel homozygous variations in PLCZ1 that led to poor or failed fertilization that could be overcame by ICSI‐AOA.