bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic MEK inhibition enhances the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chelakkot Vipin Shankar , Som Jayoti , Yoshioka Ema , Rice Chantel P. , Rutihinda Suzette G. , Hirasawa Kensuke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundProtoporphyrin IX (PpIX) gets accumulated preferentially in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-treated cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises the accumulated PpIX to trigger cell death by light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated that oncogenic Ras/MEK decreases PpIX accumulation in cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether combined therapy with a MEK inhibitor would improve 5-ALA-PDT efficacy.MethodsCancer cells and mice models of cancer were treated with 5-ALA-PDT, MEK inhibitor or both MEK inhibitor and 5-ALA-PDT, and treatment efficacies were evaluated.ResultsRas/MEK negatively regulates the cellular sensitivity to 5-ALA-PDT as cancer cells pre-treated with a MEK inhibitor were killed more efficiently by 5-ALA-PDT. MEK inhibition promoted 5-ALA-PDT-induced ROS generation and programmed cell death. Furthermore, the combination of 5-ALA-PDT and a systemic MEK inhibitor significantly suppressed tumour growth compared with either monotherapy in mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, 44% of mice bearing human colon tumours showed a complete response with the combined treatment.ConclusionWe demonstrate a novel strategy to promote 5-ALA-PDT efficacy by targeting a cell signalling pathway regulating its sensitivity. This preclinical study provides a strong basis for utilising MEK inhibitors, which are approved for treating cancers, to enhance 5-ALA-PDT efficacy in the clinic.
Radio universality and template-based pulse synthesis
Authors: Butler David , Huege Tim , Scholten Olaf 
Published: September 2019

When discussing radio emission from cosmic ray air showers we commonly make a number of assumptions regardingthe production and propagation physics. Incorporating all of these it should be possible to construct a forward model to predict the radio signal produced by an air shower from simple parameters, an application and generalisation of shower universality to radio emission.
In terms of particle detection shower universality focuses on the one-dimensional longitudinal profile, counting only the number of particles. This appears insufficient in the context of radio emission, the particle cascade develops on the scale of traversed atmospheric depth while electromagnetic radiation scales with the geometric trajectories of the sources. Further a real shower extends several radio wavelengths in the lateral directionwhile analyses often assume a point source on the shower axis.
Our simulation studies show an unanticipated complexity in the radio output responsible for around 10% variation in the signals. We are still in the process of identifying the relevant quantities and improving our analytical modeling accordingly.
Ethische Orientierungshilfen und Fallbesprechungen im
Tandemmodell
Authors: Bögershausen Stephan , Post-Dömer Elisabeth , Wittenhaus Jörg , Kliesch Stefan 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf dem Lengericher Modell der Ethik-Beratung geben unsere Autoren
ethische Orientierungshilfen für den Klinikalltag. Unter anderem erläutern sie,
ob Strafanzeigen bei aggressivem Verhalten von Patienten gegenüber Behandelnden
zulässig sind. Außerdem stellen sie die Fallberatung im Tandemmodell vor.
Role of Music in a Plastic Surgery Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zapata-Copete James A. , Cordoba-Wagner Maria Juliana , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective To assess the effectiveness and harm of music to reduce anxiety and pain in a plastic surgery setting.
Materials and Methods A search strategy was conducted in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and LILACS databases. Searches were also conducted in other databases and unpublished literature. Clinical trials were included without language restrictions. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. An analysis of random effects was conducted. The primary outcomes were anxiety and pain. The secondary outcomes were length of stay, physiological parameters, and adverse effects. The measure of the effect was the mean difference (MD) and standardized MD (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The planned interventions were music versus no music.
Results Four articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. A total of 306 patients were found among the four studies. A low risk of bias was shown for most of the study items. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) for anxiety -3.64 [95%CI -5.71 to -1.56 (p-value = 0.0006)] favoring music compared with no intervention, and for pain the mean difference (MD) was -12.06 [95%CI -33.47 to 9.35 (p-value = 0.2696)] showing no statistical differences.
Conclusion Playing music is a safe and free intervention that diminishes anxiety in patients who undergo plastic surgery procedures.
A self-assembled Ru–Pt metallacage as a lysosome-targeting photosensitizer for 2-photon photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhou Zhixuan , Liu Jiangping , Huang Juanjuan , Rees Thomas W. , Wang Yiliang , Wang Heng , Li Xiaopeng , Chao Hui , Stang Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment method for various types of diseases. In PDT, photosensitizers absorb light of appropriate energy and then convert oxygen into highly reactive oxygen species that destroy malignant cells. Photosensitizers with 2-photon absorption bring benefits such as increased penetration depth with near-infrared light excitation and reduced photodamage to healthy tissues. Herein, we describe the use of molecular self-assembly for a metallacage with strong 2-photon absorption by combining multiple Ru(II) complexes with Pt(II) building blocks via coordination. The metallacages were encapsulated in a polymer to form nanoparticles which, upon internalization into cells, accumulate in the lysosomes leading to high photocytoxicity. In vivo studies demonstrated the outstanding therapeutic performance of the nanoparticles in 2-photon PDT.
Imaginative Desires and Interactive Fiction: On Wanting to Shoot Fictional Zombies
Authors: Van De Mosselaer Nele 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
What do players of videogames mean when they say they want to shoot zombies? Surely they know that the zombies are not real, and that they cannot really shoot them, but only control a fictional character who does so. Some philosophers of fiction argue that we need the concept of imaginative desires (or ‘i-desires’) to explain situations in which people feel desires towards fictional characters or desires that motivate pretend actions. Others claim that we can explain these situations without complicating human psychology with a novel mental state. Within their debates, however, these scholars exclusively focus on non-interactive fictions and children’s games of make-believe. In this paper, I argue that our experience of immersive, interactive fictions like videogames gives us cause to reappraise the concept of imaginative desires. Moreover, I describe how i-desires are a useful conceptual tool within videogame development and can shed new light on apparently immoral in-game actions.
PICH promotes SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα dissociation from mitotic centromeres for proper chromosome segregation
Authors: Hassebroek Victoria , Park Hyewon , Pandey Nootan , Lerbakken Brooklyn T. , Aksenova Vasilisa , Arnaoutov Alexei , Dasso Mary , Azuma Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a SNF2 family DNA translocase and is a Small Ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) binding protein. Despite that both translocase activity and SUMO-binding activity are required for proper chromosome segregation, how these two activities function to mediate chromosome segregation remains unknown. Here, we show that PICH specifically promotes dissociation of SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα (TopoIIα) from mitotic chromosomes. When TopoIIα is stalled by treatment of cells with a potent TopoII inhibitor, ICRF-193, TopoIIα becomes SUMOylated, and this promotes its interaction with PICH. Conditional depletion of PICH using the Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) system resulted in retention of SUMOylated TopoIIα on chromosomes, indicating that PICH removes stalled SUMOylated TopoIIα from chromosomes. In vitro assays showed that PICH specifically regulates SUMOylated TopoIIα activity using its SUMO-binding and translocase activities. Taken together, we propose a novel mechanism for how PICH acts on stalled SUMOylated TopoIIα for proper chromosome segregation.Summary StatementPolo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) interacts with SUMOylated proteins to mediate proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The results demonstrate that PICH promotes dissociation of SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα from chromosomes and that function leads to proper chromosome segregation.
CanShariahboard characteristics influence risk-taking behavior of Islamic banks?
Authors: AlAbbad Amal , Hassan M. Kabir , Saba Irum 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study whether the characteristics of theShariahSupervisory Board (SSB) can influence the risk-taking behaviors of Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachThe data on governance were collected from 70 Islamic banks’ annual reports across 18 countries for the period from 2000 to 2011 to investigate the relationship between SSB’s characteristics including size, busyness and foreign board and the Islamic banks’ risk activities.FindingsThe size of SSB and the proportion of busy board in SSB positively and significantly influence Islamic banks’ asset return and insolvency risks. Foreign members are more effective in monitoring banks’Shariahcompliance. Further analysis provides some evidence that most of the findings on the associations between the SSB structure and bank risk are derived from countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council whereShariahgovernance is ruled internally at the bank level.Practical implicationsThere is a need for betterShariahboard characteristics in place that complement with other governance mechanisms to well comprehend the main purpose of Islamic banks.Originality/valueSSB board busyness and foreign characteristics appear to influence the risk-taking behaviors of Islamic banks.
Design and analysis of all optical biochemical sensors based on the coupled-ring reflectors
Authors: Feili Sahar , Sabouhi H.R. , Sobhani Hassan , Traz M. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This study aims to propose a new scheme for designing a high-sensitivity optical biosensor. For this, two agents have been considered: reflection-type micro-resonators, which filter the noise of the pump, and coupled-ring reflectors (CRRs), which are coupled to partial reflecting elements in the bus waveguide to create Fano-resonance. These two agents improve the sensor sensitivity and have low-power optical switching/modulation.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is based on the coupling of the CRRs with the Fabry–Pérot cavity. The slope of the Fano-resonance line shape and consequently the sensitivity of the proposed CRRs are higher than those of conventional microring resonators.

Findings
The proposed scheme has many characteristics: CRRs have been used to create a higher slope of the Fano-resonance line shape; the sensitivity of the sensor shows improvement on the basis of reflection-type micro-resonators and by the removal of the pump noise; the designed sensor has low-power optical switching/modulation; and the modeling and designing of a novel high-sensitivity resonator is based on coupling the CRRs with the Fabry–Pérot cavity.

Originality/value
This study has proposed a new scheme for designing a high-sensitivity optical biosensor. This method is based on the improvement of the sensitivity by two agents: reflection-type micro-resonators, which filter the noise of the pump, and coupled-ring reflectors, which are coupled to partial reflecting elements in the bus waveguide to create Fano-resonance.
Road roughness acquisition and classification using improved restricted Boltzmann machine deep learning algorithm
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Sun Lu , Kornhauser Alain , Sun Jiahui , Sangwa Nick 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To realize classification of different pavements, a road roughness acquisition system design and an improved restricted Boltzmann machine deep neural network algorithm based on Adaboost Backward Propagation algorithm for road roughness detection is presented in this paper. The developed measurement system, including hardware designs and algorithm for software, constitutes an independent system which is low-cost, convenient for installation and small.

Design/methodology/approach
The inputs of restricted Boltzmann machine deep neural network are the vehicle vertical acceleration power spectrum and the pitch acceleration power spectrum, which is calculated using ADAMS finite element software. Adaboost Backward Propagation algorithm is used in each restricted Boltzmann machine deep neural network classification model for fine-tuning given its performance of global searching. The algorithm is first applied to road spectrum detection and experiments indicate that the algorithm is suitable for detecting pavement roughness.

Findings
The detection rate of RBM deep neural network algorithm based on Adaboost Backward Propagation is up to 96 per cent, and the false positive rate is below 3.34 per cent. These indices are both better than the other supervised algorithms, which also performs better in extracting the intrinsic characteristics of data, and therefore improves the classification accuracy and classification quality. Additionally, the classification performance is optimized. The experimental results show that the algorithm can improve performance of restricted Boltzmann machine deep neural networks. The system can be used for detecting pavement roughness.

Originality/value
This paper presents an improved restricted Boltzmann machine deep neural network algorithm based on Adaboost Backward Propagation for identifying the road roughness. Through the restricted Boltzmann machine, it completes pre-training and initializing sample weights. The entire neural network is fine-tuned through the Adaboost Backward Propagation algorithm, verifying the validity of the algorithm on the MNIST data set. A quarter vehicle model is used as the foundation, and the vertical acceleration spectrum of the vehicle center of mass and pitch acceleration spectrum were obtained by simulation in ADAMS as the input samples. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has better optimization ability, improves the detection rate and can detect the road roughness more effectively.
Ohmic Heating of Lemon and Grapefruit Juices Under Vacuum Pressure— Comparison of Electrical Conductivity and Heating Rate
Authors: Fadavi Ali , Salari Saeed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOhmic heating fundamentally depends on electrical conductivity. In this study, grapefruit and lemon juices were ohmically heated under vacuum conditions. The electrical conductivity was measured at voltage gradients (10, 20, and 30 V/cm) and vacuum pressure (0 [atmospheric pressure], −30, and −60 kPa) for four temperature ranges (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C), meanwhile the heating rate was also reported at the same level of pressure and voltage gradient. The electrical conductivity and heating rate considerably vary by voltage gradient relative to pressure. Grapefruit had considerably lower electrical conductivity (about 20%) relative to lemon juice for the same pressure–voltage gradient treatment, while the percent reduction of heating rate (grapefruit relative to lemon) varied from 19 to 32%. The multivariate linear regression of electrical conductivity, including temperature and voltage, was found to be a more suitable model. pH assessments showed that pressure significantly affected the pH of grapefruit and lemon juices (P < 0.01). The combination of different treatments, which created a shorter residence time, caused a greater decrease in pH.
Impact of different preanalytical conditions on results of lupus anticoagulant tests
Authors: Kristoffersen Ann Helen , Hammer Ida Jansrud , Vannes Solveig , Åsberg Arne , Aakre Kristin Moberg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe currently recommended preanalytical conditions for lupus anticoagulant (LA) analysis require analyzing samples in fresh or freshly frozen platelet‐poor plasma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether alternative and less cumbersome preanalytical procedures for LA testing give significantly different results compared to recommended conditions.Materials and MethodsCitrated blood samples were drawn from 29 study participants, 15 with negative and 14 with positive LA results. The samples were processed according to the ISTH guideline for LA testing and compared to several alternative preanalytical conditions. Measurements were performed using the dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) and silica clotting time (SCT), both screen and confirm, on a STA‐R Evolution analyzer. Stability criteria were based upon biological variation.ResultsAll DRVVT tests (normalized screen, confirm, and screen/confirm ratio) met the stability criteria for all the preanalytical conditions. The SCT tests (normalized screen, confirm, and screen/confirm ratio) met the stability criteria only when treated according to the ISTH guideline, except for SCT normalized screen/confirm ratio which also met the stability criteria for double‐centrifuged aliquoted plasma stored in room temperature for 24 hours and then analyzed “fresh” or after being frozen. One warfarin‐treated patient was reclassified from positive to negative for DRVVT after the preanalytical modifications, while 2 of 29 participants became falsely positive for 2 of 8 conditions for SCT.ConclusionsThe DRVVT assays met the criteria for stability for all preanalytical conditions tested, while the SCT assays should be interpreted with caution if the preanalytical guidelines from ISTH are not followed.
01 Accuracy of ECG chest lead placements by paramedics
Authors: Gregory Pete , Lodge Stephen , Paget Suzy , Kilner Tim 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe use of the 12-lead ECG is common in UK paramedic practice but its value depends upon accurate placement of the ECG-electrodes. Several studies have shown widespread variation in the placement of chest electrodes by other health professionals but no studies have addressed the accuracy of paramedics. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of the chest lead placements by registered paramedics.MethodsRegistered paramedics who attended the Emergency Services Show in Birmingham in September 2018 were invited to participate in this observational study. Participants were asked to place the chest electrodes on a male model in accordance with their current practice. Correct positioning was determined against the Society for Cardiological Science & Technology’s Clinical Guidelines for recording a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (2017) with a tolerance of 19 mm being deemed acceptable based upon previous studies.Results52 eligible participants completed the study. Measurement of electrode placement in the craniocaudal and mediolateral planes showed a high level of inaccuracy with 3/52 (5.8%) participants able to accurately place all chest leads. In leads V1- V3, the majority of incorrect placements were related to vertical displacement with most participants able to identify the correct horizontal position. In V4, the tendency was to place the lead too low and to the left of the pre-determined position whilst V5tended to be below the expected positioning but in the correct horizontal alignment. There was a less defined pattern of error in V6although vertical displacement was more likely than horizontal displacement.ConclusionsOur study identified a high level of variation in the placement of chest ECG electrodes which could alter the morphology of the ECG. From a patient safety perspective, we would advocate that paramedics leave the chest electrodes in situ to allow hospital staff to assess the accuracy of the placements.
PP16 Prehospital recognition and antibiotics for 999 patients with sepsis: feasibility study results
Authors: Bulger Jenna , Allen Susan , Davies Jan , Driscoll Timothy , Ellis Gemma , Fegan Greg , Foster Theresa , Francis Nick , Islam Saiful , Morgan Matt , Nanayakkara Prabath , Perkins Gavin , Porter Alison , Rainer Timothy , Ricketts Samuel , Sewell Bernadette , Shanahan Tracy , Smith Fang Gao , Smyth Mike , Snooks Helen , Moore Chris 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundSepsis is a common condition which kills approximately 44,000 people annually in the UK. Early recognition and management of sepsis has been shown to reduce mortality and improve outcomes. Paramedics frequently attend patients with sepsis, and are well placed to provide early diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to assess whether a multi-centre randomised trial to evaluate pre-hospital antibiotics was feasible.MethodsVolunteer paramedics used scratchcards to allocate patients with ‘Red Flag’ Sepsis at random between experimental and control arms. The primary outcome was mortality at six months. We also measured: adverse events, costs, final diagnosis, length of stay in hospital, and quality of care; and collected qualitative data about acceptability to patients in interviews, and paramedics in focus groups. We pre-specified criteria for deciding whether to progress to a fully powered trial based on: recruitment of paramedics and patients; retrieval of outcome data; safety; acceptability; and diagnostic accuracy.ResultsFifty-four paramedics completed their training and were issued scratchcards to randomly allocate patients to trial arms. Patients were recruited from 1.12.17 to 31.5.18. In total, 118 patients were randomly allocated to trial arms; four patients dissented to be included in the trial, leaving 114 patients to follow-up. Sixty-two patients (54%) were allocated to the intervention arm. The mean age of the control arm was 71.2 years (range 28–97); 33 (65%) control participants were female. In the intervention arm the mean age was 75.6 years (range 30–99) and 38 patients (61%) were female. Nine patients in the control group (18%) and 17 in the intervention group (28%) were already taking antibiotics at the time of their 999 call. Twenty-three questionnaires were received. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsComplete results will be presented at the time of the conference, when routine linked anonymised outcomes are available.