bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Dependent Associations among Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Child Reward Network, and Behaviors in Early Childhood
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Han , Poh Joann S , Pecheva Diliana , Broekman Birit F P , Chong Yap-Seng , Shek Lynette P , Gluckman Peter D , Fortier Marielle V , Meaney Michael J , Qiu Anqi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaternal depression is associated with disrupted neurodevelopment in offspring. This study examined relationships among postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, the functional reward network and behavioral problems in 4.5-year-old boys (57) and girls (65). We employed canonical correlation analysis to evaluate whether the resting-state functional connectivity within a reward network, identified through an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of fMRI studies, was associated with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and child behaviors. The functional reward network consisted of three subnetworks, that is, the mesolimbic, mesocortical, and amygdala–hippocampus reward subnetworks. Postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were associated with the functional connectivity of the mesocortical subnetwork with the mesolimbic and amygdala–hippocampus complex subnetworks in girls and with the functional connectivity within the mesocortical subnetwork in boys. The functional connectivity of the amygdala–hippocampus subnetwork with the mesocortical and mesolimbic subnetworks was associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems in girls, while in boys, the functional connectivity of the mesocortical subnetwork with the amygdala–hippocampus complex and the mesolimbic subnetworks was associated with the internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Our findings suggest that the functional reward network might be a promising neural phenotype for effects of maternal depression and potential intervention to nurture child behavioral development.
Effect of a Hepatitis A Vaccination Campaign During a Hepatitis A Outbreak in Taiwan, 2015–2017: A Modeling Study
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yin , Sun Hsin-Yun , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Lo Yi-Chun , Hsieh Szu-Min , Sheng Wang-Huei , Chuang Yu-Chung , Pan Sung-Ching , Cheng Aristine , Hung Chien-Ching , Fang Chi-Tai , Chang Shan-Chwen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Beginning from 2015–2016, unprecedented large outbreaks of acute hepatitis A that predominantly affected men who have sex with men (MSM) reemerged across the continents. We assessed the impact of an early initiated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination campaign that targeted MSM living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the 2015–2017 hepatitis A outbreak in Taiwan.

Methods
First, we ascertained the effectiveness of HAV vaccination for MSM living with HIV using a nested case-control study of 1470 persons living with HIV who were initially HAV-seronegative. We then fitted a model of HAV transmission among MSM, risk-structured by HIV status, to the actual epidemic curve of reported acute hepatitis A cases in Taiwan during 2015–2017.

Results
Fifty-five cases of acute hepatitis A were matched to 220 controls. Single-dose and 2-dose HAV vaccination provided protection rates of 96.1% and 97.8% among recipient MSM living with HIV, respectively. Model fitting yielded basic reproductive number estimates of 7.26 (MSM living with HIV) and 3.04 (MSM not living with HIV). In a counterfactual scenario without an HAV vaccination campaign, the outbreak would have involved 7153 hepatitis A cases during 2015–2017 in contrast to the 1352 that were observed. We therefore estimated that the HAV vaccination campaign averted 80.7% (sensitivity analysis, 48.8%–92.7%) of acute hepatitis A cases that would otherwise have occurred by the end of 2017.

Conclusions
The early initiated HAV vaccination campaign, which targeted MSM living with HIV, very effectively curtailed the 2015–2017 hepatitis A outbreak in Taiwan.
A Miniature CCA Public Key Encryption Scheme Based on Non-abelian Factorization Problem in Finite Groups of Lie Type
Authors: Hong Haibo , Wang Licheng , Shao Jun , Yan Jianhua , Ahmad Haseeb , Wei Guiyi , Xie Mande , Yang Yixian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the development of Lie theory, Lie groups have attained profound significance in several branches of Mathematics and Physics. In Lie theory, the matrix exponential plays a crucial role between Lie groups and Lie algebras. Meanwhile, as the finite analogue of Lie groups, finite groups of Lie type have potential applications in cryptography due to their unique mathematical structures. In this paper, we first put forward a novel idea of designing cryptosystems based on Lie theory. First of all, combing with discrete logarithm problem and group factorization problem, we proposed several new intractable assumptions based on the matrix exponential in finite groups of Lie type. Subsequently, in analog with Boyen’s scheme (Asiacrypt 2007), we designed a public-key encryption scheme based on the non-abelian factorization problem in finite groups of Lie type. Finally, our proposal was proved to be indistinguishable against adaptively chosen-ciphertext attack in the random oracle model. It is encouraging that our scheme also has the potential to resist against Shor’s quantum algorithm attack.
Barred Owls reduce occupancy and breeding propensity of Northern Spotted Owl in a Washington old-growth forest
Authors: Mangan Anna O , Chestnut Tara , Vogeler Jody C , Breckheimer Ian K , King Wendy M , Bagnall Keith E , Dugger Katie M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProtected lands like national parks are important refuges for threatened and endangered species as environmental pressures on wildlife and their habitats increase. The Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), a species designated as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, occurs on public lands throughout the western United States including Mount Rainier National Park (MRNP), Washington. With virtually no history of timber harvest or large forest disturbance within MRNP boundaries since the park’s creation in 1899, MRNP provides an ideal place to evaluate potential impacts of climate change and invasive Barred Owls (Strix varia) on the Northern Spotted Owl. We used a multi-state, multi-season occupancy model to investigate how Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics and breeding propensity are related to the presence of Barred Owls, local and regional weather, and habitat characteristics at MRNP from 1997 to 2016. Historical occupancy of Northern Spotted Owl breeding territories in MRNP has declined by 50% in the last 20 yr, and territory occupancy by breeding Northern Spotted Owls also decreased, reaching a low of 25% in 2016. Occupancy rates were higher on territories with steeper terrain and breeding rates were lower when Barred Owls were detected within historical territories. Our results also indicated that breeding propensity was higher when early nesting season temperatures during March and April were higher. In addition, the ability to detect breeding Northern Spotted Owls decreased when Barred Owls were present in the territory. Habitat variables from LiDAR were not correlated with Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics, likely reflecting the dominance of old-growth forest in this protected park. This study illustrates the strong relationship between Barred Owls and Northern Spotted Owl demographics and breeding site selection in a landscape where habitat loss by timber harvest and fire has not occurred.
Hydrogen-dependent autotrophic growth in phototrophic and chemolithotrophic cultures of thermophilic bacteria, Chloroflexus aggregans and Chloroflexus aurantiacus, isolated from Nakabusa hot springs
Authors: Kawai Shigeru , Nishihara Arisa , Matsuura Katsumi , Haruta Shin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The genus Chloroflexus is a deeply branching group of thermophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. The bacteria in this genus have been shown to grow well heterotrophically under anaerobic photosynthetic and aerobic respiratory conditions. We examined autotrophic growth in new isolates of Chloroflexus strains from hot springs in Nakabusa, Japan. The isolates belonging to Chloroflexus aggregans (98.7% identity of 16S rRNA gene sequence to the respective type strain) and Chloroflexus aurantiacus (99.9% identity to the respective type strain) grew photoautotrophically under a 24% H2 atmosphere. We also observed chemolithotrophic growth of these isolates under 80% H2 and 5% O2 conditions in the dark. This is the first report showing that Chloroflexus grew under both photoautotrophic and chemolithotrophic conditions in addition to photoheterotrophic and aerobic chemoheterotrophic conditions.
Effect of spacing, parental genotype and harvesting cycle on biomass production in two half-sib progenies of Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Authors: Stankova Tatiana , Gyuleva Veselka , Kalmukov Kancho , Popov Emil , Pérez-Cruzado César , Glushkova Maria , Dimitrov Dimitar N , Dimitrova Proletka , Hristova Hristina , Andonova Ekaterina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of spacing, parental genotype and harvesting cycle on woody biomass production in open-pollinated families of the locally selected black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) clones ‘Tsarevets’ and ‘Srebarna’ at specific site conditions.A Nelder experiment with 16, varying along the spokes, nearly-square spacings and two black locust families arranged in alternating sectors, was established in North Central Bulgaria. Alternative harvesting options (‘harvesting cycles’), consisting of one, two or three successive coppicings, were applied and the amounts of dry shoot dendromass collected per plant were accumulated to calculate and analyse the total yield of woody biomass, achievable within 2-, 3- and 4-year periods (‘production period’).The one-coppicing cycle proved superior for both families, regardless of the length of the production period. Biomass yield in the family of ‘Srebarna’ exceeded that of ‘Tsarevets’ at the wider spacings, when 1 and 2 year-old shoots were harvested, while dendromass production of ‘Tsarevets’ was substantially higher in the 4-year-old shoots. The woody biomass yield per plant increased with spacing, and growth tended to saturation at the lowest densities, enabling derivation of optimal planting densities. The total dendromass yield per hectare was maximized at growing space of around 0.5 m2 per plant for the 2-year production period, while spacing of 1.2–2 m2 was required for production periods of 3 and 4 years. If the results from this experiment can be reliably scaled up in practice then short rotation crops of ‘Srebarna’ and ‘Tsarevets’ families at comparable site conditions should be able to produce annual biomass yields of 9–11 Mg.ha−1.year−1 within a 4-year period, given the optimal planting densities and harvesting regimes prescribed.
Stress Resilience and the Dynamic Regulation of Glucocorticoids
Authors: Vitousek Maren N , Taff Conor C , Ryan Thomas A , Zimmer Cedric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVertebrates respond to a diversity of stressors by rapidly elevating glucocorticoid (GC) levels. The changes in physiology and behavior triggered by this response can be crucial for surviving a variety of challenges. Yet the same process that is invaluable in coping with immediate threats can also impose substantial damage over time. In addition to the pathological effects of long-term exposure to stress hormones, even relatively brief elevations can impair the expression of a variety of behaviors and physiological processes central to fitness, including sexual behavior, parental behavior, and immune function. Therefore, the ability to rapidly and effectively terminate the short-term response to stress may be fundamental to surviving and reproducing in dynamic environments. Here we review the evidence that variation in the ability to terminate the stress response through negative feedback is an important component of stress coping capacity. We suggest that coping capacity may also be influenced by variation in the dynamic regulation of GCs—specifically, the ability to rapidly turn on and off the stress response. Most tests of the fitness effects of these traits to date have focused on organisms experiencing severe or prolonged stressors. Here we use data collected from a long-term study of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to test whether variation in negative feedback, or other measures of GC regulation, predict components of fitness in non-chronically stressed populations. We find relatively consistent, but generally weak relationships between different fitness components and the strength of negative feedback. Reproductive success was highest in individuals that both mounted a robust stress response and had strong negative feedback. We did not see consistent evidence of a relationship between negative feedback and adult or nestling survival: negative feedback was retained in the best supported models of nestling and adult survival, but in two of three survival-related analyses the intercept-only model received only slightly less support. Both negative feedback and stress-induced GC levels—but not baseline GCs—were individually repeatable. These measures of GC activity did not consistently covary across ages and life history stages, indicating that they are independently regulated. Overall, the patterns seen here are consistent with the predictions that negative feedback—and the dynamic regulation of GCs—are important components of stress coping capacity, but that the fitness benefits of having strong negative feedback during the reproductive period are likely to manifest primarily in individuals exposed to chronic or repeated stressors.
Delays in care seeking, diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei, China
Authors: Yang Qin , Tong Yeqing , Yin Xiaoxv , Qiu Lei , Sun Na , Zhao Yuxin , Li Dandan , Li Xiaotong , Gong Yanhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for effective tuberculosis (TB) control. However, delays in the diagnosis and treatment of TB in central China have not been sufficiently investigated. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 in Hubei, China to identify risk factors of delays in care seeking, diagnosis and treatment among patients with TB.

Methods
A total of 1342 patients with TB seen in the designated institutions were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with delays in TB diagnosis and treatment.

Results
Overall, 21.54%, 23.62% and 42.25% of patients with TB experienced delays in care seeking, diagnosis and treatment, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that medical insurance and monthly household income were significantly associated with delays in care seeking. The time to reach a township hospital or the facility of a patient’s first consultation was significantly associated with delays in diagnosis. Sex, education, time to reach a township hospital and the facility where the diagnosis was made were significantly associated with delays in treatment.

Conclusions
Delays in TB diagnosis and treatment in Hubei remain a serious issue. Improvements in the capability and accessibility of health care services are imperative to reduce delays and expedite TB diagnosis and treatment.
Navigation Comparison between a Real and a Virtual Museum: Time-dependent Differences using a Head Mounted Display
Authors: Marín-Morales Javier , Higuera-Trujillo Juan Luis , De-Juan-Ripoll Carla , Llinares Carmen , Guixeres Jaime , Iñarra Susana , Alcañiz Mariano 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The validity of environmental simulations depends on their capacity to replicate responses produced in physical environments. However, very few studies validate navigation differences in immersive virtual environments, even though these can radically condition space perception and therefore alter the various evoked responses. The objective of this paper is to validate environmental simulations using 3D environments and head-mounted display devices, at behavioural level through navigation. A comparison is undertaken between the free exploration of an art exhibition in a physical museum and a simulation of the same experience. As a first perception validation, the virtual museum shows a high degree of presence. Movement patterns in both ‘museums’ show close similarities, and present significant differences at the beginning of the exploration in terms of the percentage of area explored and the time taken to undertake the tours. Therefore, the results show there are significant time-dependent differences in navigation patterns during the first 2 minutes of the tours. Subsequently, there are no significant differences in navigation in physical and virtual museums. These findings support the use of immersive virtual environments as empirical tools in human behavioural research at navigation level.

Research highlights
The latest generation HMDs show a high degree of presence. There are significant differences in navigation patterns during the first 2 minutes of a tour. Adaptation time need to be considered in future research. Training rooms need to be realistic, to avoid the ‘wow’ effect in the main experiment. Results support the use of Virtual Reality and the latest HMDs as empirical tools in human behavioural research at navigation level.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid oral supplements for improving peripheral nerve health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Alexis Ceecee , De Silva Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan , MacIsaac Richard J , Roberts Leslie , Kamel Jordan , Craig Jennifer P , Busija Ljoudmila , Downie Laura E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
Peripheral nerve damage can occur in a variety of systemic conditions and can have a profound impact on functional and psychological health. Currently, therapeutic interventions for peripheral nerve damage are limited.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review, conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration’s handbook and reported according to the PRISMA checklist, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of omega-3 oral supplements for improving peripheral nerve structure and function.

Data Sources
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, along with clinical trial registries, were searched from inception to February 2019. Evidence was identified, critically appraised, and synthesized, and the certainty of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of omega-3 oral supplementation on outcomes of peripheral nerve structure, peripheral nerve function, or both were eligible for inclusion. Titles and abstracts of identified articles were independently assessed for potential eligibility by 2 review authors. For studies judged as eligible or potentially eligible, full text articles were retrieved and independently assessed by 2 review authors to determine eligibility; disagreements were resolved by consensus.

Data Extraction
Fifteen trials were included. Two clinically similar studies that investigated the effect of omega-3 supplementation in individuals receiving chemotherapy were meta-analyzed. Pooled data showed a reduced incidence of peripheral neuropathy (RR = 0.58; 95%CI, 0.43–0.77) and a preservation of sensory nerve action potential amplitudes with omega-3 supplementation compared with placebo (MD = 4.19 µV; 95%CI; 2.19–6.19).

Conclusion
This review finds, with low certainty, that omega-3 supplementation attenuates sensory loss and reduces the incidence of neuropathy secondary to oxaliplatin and paclitaxel treatment relative to placebo. There is currently limited evidence to ascertain whether omega-3 supplementation is beneficial in other systemic conditions characterized by peripheral nerve damage.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD 42018086297
Plasma Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Markers of Disease Severity and Bacterial Burden in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Nathella Pavan , Moideen Kadar , Banurekha Vaithilingam V , Nair Dina , Babu Subash 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Type 1, type 17, and other proinflammatory cytokines are important in host immunity to tuberculosis (TB) in animal models. However, their role in human immunity to TB is not completely understood.

Methods
To examine the association of proinflammatory cytokines with pulmonary TB (PTB), we examined the plasma levels of type 1 (interferon [IFN]γ and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α), type 17 (interleukin [IL]-17A and IL-17F), and other proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β) cytokines in individuals with PTB, latent TB (LTB), or healthy controls (HC).

Results
Individuals with PTB exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of most of the above cytokines compared with LTB or HC individuals. Principal component analysis based on these cytokines could clearly distinguish PTB from both LTB or HC individuals. Pulmonary TB individuals with bilateral or cavitary disease exhibited significantly higher levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17A, and IL-1β compared with those with unilateral or noncavitary disease. Pulmonary TB individuals also exhibited a significant positive relationship between IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-17A levels and bacterial burdens. In addition, PTB individuals with delayed culture conversion exhibited significantly higher levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17A, and IL-1β at baseline. Finally, the plasma levels of all the cytokines examined were significantly reduced after successful chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Therefore, our data demonstrate that PTB is associated with heightened levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, which are reversed after chemotherapy. Our data also reveal that proinflammatory cytokines are markers of disease severity, bacterial burden, and delayed culture conversion in PTB.
Whole-Genome Sequencing to Differentiate Relapse From Reinfection in Community-Onset Bacteremic Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia
Authors: Meumann Ella M , Anstey Nicholas M , Currie Bart J , Piera Kim A , Baird Robert , Sarovich Derek S , Davis Joshua S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Community-onset bacteremic Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia recurred in 3 of 30 (10%) patients followed prospectively, all with ongoing hazardous alcohol intake, 3–56 months after initial pneumonia. Paired isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that recurrence strains were all distinct from preceding strains, indicating reinfection in susceptible individuals rather than relapse.