bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting daylength regimes associated with range shifts alter aphid‐parasitoid community dynamics
Authors: Kehoe Rachel C. , Cruse David , Sanders Dirk , Gaston Kevin J. , van Veen F. J. Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith climate change leading to poleward range expansion of species, populations are exposed to new daylength regimes along latitudinal gradients. Daylength is a major factor affecting insect life cycles and activity patterns, so a range shift leading to new daylength regimes is likely to affect population dynamics and species interactions; however, the impact of daylength in isolation on ecological communities has not been studied so far. Here, we tested for the direct and indirect effects of two different daylengths on the dynamics of experimental multitrophic insect communities. We compared the community dynamics under “southern” summer conditions of 14.5‐hr daylight to “northern” summer conditions of 22‐hr daylight. We show that food web dynamics indeed respond to daylength with one aphid species (Acyrthosiphon pisum) reaching much lower population sizes at the northern daylength regime compared to under southern conditions. In contrast, in the same communities, another aphid species (Megoura viciae) reached higher population densities under northern conditions. This effect at the aphid level was driven by an indirect effect of daylength causing a change in competitive interaction strengths, with the different aphid species being more competitive at different daylength regimes. Additionally, increasing daylength also increased growth rates in M. viciae making it more competitive under summer long days. As such, the shift in daylength affected aphid population sizes by both direct and indirect effects, propagating through species interactions. However, contrary to expectations, parasitoids were not affected by daylength. Our results demonstrate that range expansion of whole communities due to climate change can indeed change interaction strengths between species within ecological communities with consequences for community dynamics. This study provides the first evidence of daylength affecting community dynamics, which could not be predicted from studying single species separately.
Interfacing TiO2(B) Nanofibers with Li4Ti5O12 Towards Highly Reversible and Durable TiO2‐based Anode for Li−Ion Batteries
Authors: Ho Ching‐Kit , Li Chi‐Ying Vanessa , Chan Kwong‐Yu , Yung Hoi , Tay Yee‐Yan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanostructured TiO2(B) suffers from severe initial irreversible capacity loss (ICL) (≥15 %), hindering its commercialization. While the incorporation of stable Li4Ti5O12 with negligible ICL into TiO2(B) should address the issue, the synthesis of TiO2(B)/Li4Ti5O12 composite remains unexploited because the conventional synthesis temperature required for the Li4Ti5O12 formation induces growth of anatase TiO2. Here, we achieve the first synthesis of TiO2(B)/Li4Ti5O12 nanocomposite by interfacing high‐energy (020) planes of TiO2(B) nanofibers and Li4Ti5O12 with a small lattice mismatch. As a new class of Li‐ion battery anode, the TiO2(B)/Li4Ti5O12 nanocomposite features a significantly mitigated initial ICL (7 % at 35 mA g−1), stable cycling (93 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1750 mA g−1), and enhanced rate performance (122 mAh g−1 at 2630 mA g−1). This can be mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the composition and structure resulting in reduced and stabilized SEI formation. Demonstrating the first success of synthesizing a TiO2(B)/Li4Ti5O12 composite, this work provides insights to the effective integration of compounds requiring high synthesis temperature with metastable phases.
Minimizing dependency on internetwork: Is dew computing a solution?
Authors: Ray Partha Pratim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the inception of the internetwork facility, it has been continuously serving as the fundamental backbone of existing aspects, such as cloud, fog, and edge computing. Several application perspectives are in practice that mandate the involvement of application domains including smart retail, transportation, and data analytics. However, the deployed service platforms do not conform to facilitate the minimal and/or internetwork‐free orientation to current paradigms. Hence, to cater this approach, a dew computing paradigm that goals at bringing cloud, fog, or edge resources and services to the nearest of user's periphery without or minimal use of internetwork has been introduced. This article advocates the feasibility, applicability, and appropriation of dew computing while leveraging several real‐life case studies with special attention to internetwork‐free movement. From earlier published literary works, a taxonomy has been devised in the dominion of dew computing. Moreover, highlights are made on selective requirements that would be key to the advancement of dew computing. Finally, challenges are discussed to provide future research directions in the dew computing domain.
Speciation genes are more likely to have discordant gene trees
Authors: Wang Richard J. , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpeciation genes are responsible for reproductive isolation between species. By directly participating in the process of speciation, the genealogies of isolating loci have been thought to more faithfully represent species trees. The unique properties of speciation genes may provide valuable evolutionary insights and help determine the true history of species divergence. Here, we formally analyze whether genealogies from loci participating in Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) incompatibilities are more likely to be concordant with the species tree under incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Individual loci differ stochastically from the true history of divergence with a predictable frequency due to ILS, and these expectations—combined with the DM model of intrinsic reproductive isolation from epistatic interactions—can be used to examine the probability of concordance at isolating loci. Contrary to existing verbal models, we find that reproductively isolating loci that follow the DM model are often more likely to have discordant gene trees. These results are dependent on the pattern of isolation observed between three species, the time between speciation events, and the time since the last speciation event. Results supporting a higher probability of discordance are found for both derived–derived and derived–ancestral DM pairs, and regardless of whether incompatibilities are allowed or prohibited from segregating in the same population. Our overall results suggest that DM loci are unlikely to be especially useful for reconstructing species relationships, even in the presence of gene flow between incipient species, and may in fact be positively misleading.
A posteriori error estimation and adaptivity based on VMS for the Stokes problem
Authors: Irisarri Diego , Hauke Guillermo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present residual‐based error estimators applied to the Stokes problem. Implicit and explicit error estimators are developed to predict the error of the numerical solution obtained by a stabilized finite element formulation. Both error estimators arise from the variational multiscale framework, in which the variational form is split into coarse scales (finite element method solution) and fine scales (committed error). This leads to a local problem set on each element in which the error and the residuals are involved. The different ways of linking the error to the residuals produce two error estimators. Local and global error estimates measured in the H1‐seminorm are provided for triangles and quadrilaterals. As an application, using the local error estimates, an adaptive mesh refinement strategy is implemented in order to optimize the computational resources.
Computational modeling of multiphase viscoelastic and elastoviscoplastic flows
Authors: Izbassarov Daulet , Rosti Marco E. , Ardekani M. Niazi , Sarabian Mohammad , Hormozi Sarah , Brandt Luca , Tammisola Outi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a three‐dimensional numerical solver is developed for suspensions of rigid and soft particles and droplets in viscoelastic and elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluids. The presented algorithm is designed to allow for the first time three‐dimensional simulations of inertial and turbulent EVP fluids with a large number particles and droplets. This is achieved by combining fast and highly scalable methods such as an FFT‐based pressure solver, with the evolution equation for non‐Newtonian (including EVP) stresses. In this flexible computational framework, the fluid can be modeled by either Oldroyd‐B, neo‐Hookean, FENE‐P, or Saramito EVP models, and the additional equations for the non‐Newtonian stresses are fully coupled with the flow. The rigid particles are discretized on a moving Lagrangian grid, whereas the flow equations are solved on a fixed Eulerian grid. The solid particles are represented by an immersed boundary method with a computationally efficient direct forcing method, allowing simulations of a large numbers of particles. The immersed boundary force is computed at the particle surface and then included in the momentum equations as a body force. The droplets and soft particles on the other hand are simulated in a fully Eulerian framework, the former with a level‐set method to capture the moving interface and the latter with an indicator function. The solver is first validated for various benchmark single‐phase and two‐phase EVP flow problems through comparison with data from the literature. Finally, we present new results on the dynamics of a buoyancy‐driven drop in an EVP fluid.
Geochemistry and apatite U–Pb geochronology of alkaline gabbros from the Nodoushan plutonic complex, Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Central Iran: Evidence for Early Palaeozoic rifting of northern Gondwana
Authors: Shahsavari Alavijeh Badieh , Rashidnejad‐Omran Nematollah , Toksoy‐Köksal Fatma , Chew David , Szopa Krzysztof , Ghalamghash Jalil , Gaweda Aleksandra 
Published: August 2018

The Zagros Orogen formed during the Cenozoic collision of Arabia with Eurasia and resulted in the closure of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean. Collision was preceded by a complicated tectonic history involving Pan‐African orogenesis, Late Palaeozoic rifting and the formation of Neo‐Tethys, and subsequent Mesozoic convergence on the northern margin of the ocean contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction on its southern margin. The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) is a metamorphic belt within the Zagros Orogen of Gondwanan provenance. U–Pb zircon geochronology has revealed the presence of Pan‐African igneous and metamorphic basement complexes, in addition to minor late Palaeozoic plutons and abundant Jurassic plutonic rocks. This study presents a LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb apatite age of 440.7 ± 3.7 Ma from a gabbroic body on the central north‐eastern margin of the SaSZ (Nodoushan region). Based on petrography and geochemistry, en route fractional crystallization of ascending magma was an important process in the evolution of the intrusive rocks. Geochemical characteristics imply that the south‐west Nodoushan alkaline gabbroic magma was originated from the asthenospheric mantle source, whereas the high ratios of (La/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N are related to the low degree of partial melting from the garnet‐bearing mantle source. Enrichment pattern of Nb, Ta, and Ti and depletion of Rb, Th, and Y are similar to the OIB pattern and intraplate alkaline magmatic rocks. High εNd(t) values (+1.29 to +1.50), low initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.703679–0.704098), and trace element ratios (e.g., Nb/La, Ce/Pb, Ba/Nb, and Th/Nb) indicate that crustal contamination was insignificant in its petrogenesis. The petrogenesis of the Nodoushan alkaline gabbroic rocks could be related to the presence of extensional phase, upwelling and decompressional melting of asthenospheric mantle in the rift basin which was associated with the opening of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean in Late Ordovician to Silurian times.
The significance of early Permian and early Carboniferous U–Pb zircon ages in the Bossòst and Lys‐Caillaouas granitoids (Pyrenean Axial Zone)
Authors: Lopez‐Sanchez Marco A. , García‐Sansegundo Joaquín , Martínez Francisco J. 
Published: August 2018

The Axial Zone of the Alpine Pyrenees exposes Ediacaran‐Palaeozoic metasediments and orthogneisses intruded by abundant Variscan granitoids that resulted in elongated HT metamorphic domes separated by tight synforms with low‐grade metasediments. Yet, the age of the granitoids within the metamorphic domes remains debated, hindering the correlation of Variscan deformation stages and the HT metamorphism between the different domes. Here, we dated two granitoids located within classical metamorphic domes using U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS zircon geochronology: the Bossòst and the Lys‐Caillaouas granitoids in the Garona and Lys‐Caillaouas domes, respectively. The results indicate that the leucogranitic facies of both granitoids have Early Permian crystallization ages at 295 ± 2 Ma and 297 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Furthermore, we found a small population of inherited zircon with Serpukhovian (331–323 Ma) ages in the Lys‐Caillaouas granitoid, reinforcing the existence of an elusive but widespread early Carboniferous magmatic event in the Pyrenees. These ages discard two previous hypotheses explaining the age disparity observed in the different domes: either that the HT‐LP metamorphism is of Visean age only or that the dome formation was diachronous along the Axial Zone, ranging from Visean in the central part to late Carboniferous in the eastern Axial Zone. The early Permian age found in the leucogranitic facies of the Bossòst granitoid questions the proposed Visean age for the formation of the Garona dome and the peak HT‐LP metamorphism and points to an Early Permian age as most likely in line with what is observed in the Lys‐Caillaouas Massif.
Graptolite and conodont faunas of Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) successions of the Argentine Precordillera: Biostratigraphic implications
Authors: Feltes Nicolás A. , Serra Fernanda , Ortega Gladys , Albanesi Guillermo L. 
Published: August 2018

Graptolites and conodonts are frequent fossils in Sandbian (Late Ordovician) outcrops of the Argentine Precordillera, where they present continuous and abundant records that enable detailed biostratigraphic studies. This work deals with the integration of previously available information on early Sandbian graptolites and conodonts, together with new paleontological data from the Las Aguaditas Creek (middle and upper members of the Las Aguaditas Formation), Las Chacritas River (Las Aguaditas Formation), and Cerro La Chilca (Los Azules Formation) sections from the Central Precordillera of the San Juan Province. The presence of the key graptolite Nemagraptus gracilis and the associated graptolite taxa allow for the documentation of the N. gracilis Zone. Specimens of N. gracilis and key conodont species, such as Pygodus anserinus coexist, along with a rich conodont fauna including Baltoniodus variabilis, whose range straddles the boundary between the Pygodus anserinus and the Amorphognathus tvaerensis zones. Detailed biostratigraphic ranges of the rich graptolite and conodont associations documented in the three study areas are provided. These records and an accurate taxonomic review allow a thorough description of the recognized zones. The use of conodont and graptolite zones from different areas of the Precordillera enables the verification of a diachronous contact, representing a hiatus that spans the middle to upper Darriwilian. Moreover, a brief taxonomic description of the identified graptolite species is provided.
MEDIATING ROLE OF MATERNAL SENSITIVITY: ENHANCING LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN AT‐RISK FAMILIES
Authors: Neuhauser Alex , Ramseier Erich , Schaub Simone , Burkhardt Susan C.A. , Lanfranchi Andrea 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTHome‐visiting programs have gained increasing importance in family‐centered prevention and intervention. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying early intervention treatment effects. The goal of this study is to analyze the mediating role of maternal sensitivity in enhancing language development with the home‐visiting program Parents as Teachers (PAT). Data were collected and analyzed within the ongoing, long‐term ZEPPELIN study, a randomized controlled trial with 251 participating at‐risk families. Via longitudinal mediation analysis, we examined whether effects of the PAT on receptive and expressive language outcomes at 24 and 36 months were mediated by maternal sensitivity at 12 months. Within a moderated mediation framework, we investigated whether the level of family psychosocial stress affects this mediation. Results showed that intervention effects on language outcomes are mediated by maternal sensitivity—weakly and through specific pathways. Moderation and moderated mediation analyses indicated that effects of the PAT and also specific mediation effects increase with the level of psychosocial stress. Implications of the results for practice are discussed.
Minor Losses and Best Manifold Position in the Optimal Design of Paired Sloped Drip Laterals
Authors: Baiamonte Giorgio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArranging paired laterals so that two distribution pipes extend in opposite directions from a common manifold contributes to providing more uniform pressure to all laterals in the system, increasing water use and energy efficiency of micro‐irrigation. Towards this end, by neglecting emitters’ minor losses, analytical procedures to design paired drip laterals laid on uniform slopes were introduced. More recently, it was shown that for an optimal paired sloped lateral design the best position of the manifold (BMP) equals 24%. In this paper, first the mentioned analytical procedure is extended to the case in which minor losses are considered. Second, by neglecting minor losses, a comparison in terms of energy saving, between designing paired sloped drip laterals by fixing BMP = 0.24 and other suggested manifold position from the literature, is performed. Third, it is shown that fixing BMP = 24% of the optimal lateral length can be also applied when minor losses are taken into account. By considering the minor losses of integrated emitters, some practical solutions are presented. The procedure proposed here was compared with that derived by the step‐by‐step exact procedure. Applications by considering different design variables are performed and discussed. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of α‐bisabolol on altered hemodynamics, lipid peroxidation, and nonenzymatic antioxidants in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction: In vivo and in vitro evidences
Authors: Meeran Mohamed Fizur Nagoor , Laham Farah , Al‐Taee Hasan , Azimullah Sheikh , Ojha Shreesh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe effect of α‐bisabolol on hemodyanimcs, lipid peroxidation, and nonenzymatic antioxidants was evaluated in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rats. They were pre‐ and cotreated with α‐bisabolol (25 mg/kg body weight) daily for 10 days along with the subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) at an interval of 24 hours for 2 days (9th and 10th days). Increased activities of serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase‐MB along with altered levels/concentrations of lipid peroxidation products and nonenzymatic status were observed in the plasma and heart tissues of rats. Treatment with α‐bisabolol showed protective effects by reversing the altered biochemical parameters and hemodynamics studied. The in vitro reducing power of α‐bisabolol confirmed its potent antioxidant action. These biochemical benefits were translated into functional recovery by the maintenance of the hemodynamics in rats. The findings showed that α‐bisabolol has the potential to protect against isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction due to its potent antilipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties.
Association of genetic polymorphisms in VEGF ‐460, ‐7 and ‐583 and hematocrit level with the development of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Jung Yong Wook , Ahn Eun Hee , Kim Jung Oh , An Hui Jeong , Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Young Ran , Lee Woo Sik , Kim Nam Keun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was performed to investigate whether genetic variants of VEGF are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Korean women and to provide insight into the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of RPL development.MethodsA cohort of 384 women with idiopathic RPL with a history of two or more uxexplained consecutive early pregnancy losses and 236 control women were recruited from an infertility center of university‐teaching hospital in Korea between March 1999 and February 2010. We examined three VEGF polymorphisms (rs833061, rs3025020 and rs25648). Genotyping was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses (rs3025020) or real‐time PCR (rs833061, rs25648).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in frequency of each three VEGF polymorphic loci between the control and RPL groups. Allele combinations of VEGF rs3025020/rs833061 TT/TC and TT/TC + CC genotypes were associated with an increased frequency of RPL development [odds ratio (OR) = 3.525, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.154–10.767, p = 0.027 and OR = 3.815, 95% CI = 1.256–11.588, p = 0.018, respectively]. Haplotype analysis revealed that two allele combinations (rs833061/rs3025020 C‐T and rs25648/rs3025020 T‐T) were associated with an increased prevalence of RPL (OR = 2.548, 95% CI = 1.502–4.320, p = 0.0004 and OR = 16.50, 95% CI = 0.976–278.8, p = 0.003, respectively). Allele combinations and haplotypes of rs3025020/rs833061 were associated with maternal blood hematocrit (HCT) levels in the RPL group (p = 0.048 and 0.006, respectively).ConclusionsThe VEGF rs833061/rs3025020 genotype allele was related to the development of RPL and was also associated with maternal blood HCT levels in RPL patients. However, further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of how VEGF and HCT are involved in RPL development.
Development of single vial kits for preparation of 68Ga‐labelled hexavalent lactoside for PET imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor
Authors: Yu Hung‐Man , Chan Chen‐Hsin , Chen Jyun‐Hong , Chien Chuan‐Yi , Wang Ping‐Yen , Juan Wei‐Cheng , Yang Chun‐Hung , Hsia Hao‐Ting , Wang Mei‐Hui , Lin Wuu‐Jyh 
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the freeze‐dried kit of NOTA‐hexavalent lactoside (NOTA‐HL) for the preparation of 68Ga‐labeled glycoligand for PET imaging of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). 68GaCl3 was obtained from a commercial 68Ge/68Ga generator. Single‐vial kits of HL were formulated. Optimization of radiolabeling with 68Ga, various evaluations of NOTA‐HL kits, and in vitro stability study of 68Ga‐HL were carried out. PET/CT imaging of normal mice injected with 68Ga‐NOTA‐HL was performed. NOTA‐HL kit was successfully formulated. High radiochemical yields (>95%) were obtained by 68Ga radiolabeling. The NOTA‐HL kits were stable for at least 12 months, and 68Ga‐NOTA‐HL exhibited good in vitro stability. PET studies in normal mice revealed high specific accumulation of activity in the liver. The NOTA‐HL kit was developed for fast 68Ga labeling. 68Ga‐NOTA‐HL showed high specific uptake in liver. The availability of ready‐to‐use NOTA‐HL kits combined with 68Ge/68Ga generators would provide an efficient approach for PET imaging of ASGPR.