bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATE MOIETIES ON CANCER CELL MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS IN CANCER CELL-INDUCED PLATELET AGGREGATION
Authors: Kitagawa H , Yamamoto N , Kosaki G , Yamazaki H 
Published: August 2018

Platelet aggregation induced by cancer cells may be an essential process in the development of hematogenous metastasis of cancers. A mechanism in HMV-I (human vaginal melanoma cell line)-induced platelet aggregation was studied by using monoclonal antibodies against membrane proteins of cancer cells or platelets. HMV-I cells or their membrana ractions induced platelet aggregation of human heparinized PRP, to which hirudin had no inhibitory effect. The platelet aggregation by HMV-I was completely lost after the pretreatment of the cells with 0.3U/ml neuraminidase for 60 min at 37°C. Preincubation of platelets with monoclonal antibodies against platelet GP lb or GP Ilb/lIIa inhibited HMV-I induced aggregation. A monoclonal antibody MB3 (igM) against another human melanoma (HMMB) which had been transplanted in nude mice was produced by hybridoma technique. Screening studies by cell binding ELISA revealed that MB3 antibody reacted with not only HMMB cells but also many other cells including HMV-I, M7609 (colon carcinoma cell line) and normal fibroblasts. Western-blot analyses showedthat MB3 antibody reacted with multiple, more than ten, proteins with molecular weights ranging from UO to 200 kDa in unreduced SDS-PAGE of HMV-I, HMMB or M7609. In contrast, when .these cells pretreated with neuraminidase were used in Western-blot, MB3 reactivity were all lost. MB3 reacted with at least three glycoproteins of human red cell membrane in Western-blot, but it did not react with human platelets. Immune adherent asgay with trypsin-treated HMV-I or HMMB cells as target cells showed negative reactivity. MB3 antibody inhibited HMV-I-induced aggregation of platelets, but did not inhibit M7609-induced aggregation which depended on thrombin generation.These results suggest that MB3 antibody may be against sialic acid-containing carbohydrate moieties of membrane glycoproteins on these cancercells and that the carbohydrate(s) may play a critical role in' cancer cell-platelet interaction.
ABNORMAL CALCIUM TRANSPORT INTO MICROSOMES OF GRAY PLATELET SYNDROME
Authors: Levy-Toledano S , Enouf J , Lebret M , Bredoux R , Caen J P 
Published: August 2018

Gray platelets initially described as lacking α granules also show thrombin-induced aggregation and release lower than normal. One of the possible explanation is a modified intracellular Ca2+ concentration which is involved in platelet activation. We then decided to investigate the relationship between the morphological abnormality and a possible regulation of platelet Ca2+ concentration.We isolated a platelet membrane fraction (100,000 g) enriched in intracellular membranes which actively sequesters Ca2+. This Ca2+ uptake was mediated by a characterized (Ca2+ + Mg2+) ATPase.The isolated membrane vesicles from two patients show an increase in the calcium uptake. The stimulation reaches a factor 2 to 3 agd the Ca2+ uptake appears greatly increased whatever the Ca concentration used. This led us to investigate the Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase activity. The enzymatic activity appears increased in the first 10 minutes which correlates with the increased rate in calcium uptake. The specific activity of the enzyme is increased by a factor 2.4 to 2.7 which again agrees with the calcium uptake results. Therefore we suggest that the severe impairment in secretion found in the Gray platelets is probably related to the low cytoplasmic mobilization as it is found by Hardisty et al, 1985 ; this would be the consequence of an increased Ca2+ uptake rather than a decrease in the Ca liberation.The absence of α granules in Gray platelets together with the described abnormality in internal membranes and the recently described modification of external membrane fluidity (Rendu et al 1985) would suggest that these platelets have a general membrane disorder.
DETECTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AND ALLOANTIBODIES AGAINST PLATELET-ASSOCIATED ANIGENS
Authors: McMillan R , Tani P , Berchtold P , Millard F 
Published: August 2018

Although autoantibodies against the platelet glycoproteins (GP) and a 1loantibodies toward class I HLA antigens have been demonstrated using various methods, practical techniques for their detection have not been available.We studied 59 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) where platelet-associated and plasma autoantibodies against the GP Ilb/IIIa complex and GP lb were measured using a newly developed imraunobead assay and a previously described microtiter well assay. The specificity of both assays depends on the monoclonal antibody employed (e.g., GPIIb/IIIa, lb or HLA). Platelet-associated autoantibody was detected using the immunobead assay in 21 of 28 patients (13 with anti-GPIIb/IIIa and 8 with anti-GPIb). Plasma autoantibodies were noted in 34 of 59 patients (21 with anti-GPIIb/IIIa, 11 with anti-GPIb and 2 with both). Positive results were noted in 30 of 59 ITP patients using the immunobead assay and in only 14 of 59 using the microtiter well assay, suggesting that solubilization prior to antibody addition, as in the microtiter well assay, alters epitope stability. However, the microtiter well assay appears to define a poor prognostic group. Of 11 patients with positive well assays who underwent splenectomy, only one achieved a complete remission, 3 have died and all require continuous high-dose steroids or immunosuppressants. Of the 31 thrombocytopenic controls studied, all gave negative results using both assays.The immunobead assay was adapted to specifically measure anti-HLA antibodies and was used to evaluate 51 single donor platelet transfusions given to 7 patients refractory to random platelets. Twenty-nine of 33 (88%) transfusions associated with a negative assay had successful outcomes (1 hr increment >7500) while only 2 of 18 (11.1%) episodes associated with a positive test had successful outcomes. Only 1 unsuccessful transfusion episode was associated with a negative immunobead and a positive antiglobulin test suggesting that transfusion-related alloantibodies, other than to class I HLA antigens, are an uncommon cause of refractoriness.We conclude that these two clinically adaptable assays are capable of measuring both autoantibodies and anti-HLA alloantibodies with a high degree of sensitivity.
DETECTION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN MONOMER COMPLEXES - COMPARISON OF A HAEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY WITH THE ETHANOL GELATION TEST
Authors: Oehler G , Klaus H , Spanuth E , Stötzer K E 
Published: August 2018

Hypercoagulability and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) are characterized by the presenceof circulating fibrin monomer complexes in plasma.In342 patients with possible DIC fibrin monomers, fibrinogen, reptilase time, antithrombin III and othercoagulation parameters were determined at frequent intervals.Testing of soluble fibrin monomer complexeswas performed using a sensitive and reliable haemagglut- ination assay, with red cells sensitized by fibrin monomers (FM-Test) and the ethanol gelation test(EGT). Method comparison regarding the influence offibrinogen levels and fibrin degradation products shows that high fibrinogen levels lead to false positive results with EGT. The same effect is observed forfibrin degradation products and EGT whereas no influence of fibrinogen level and fibrin degradation products on the FM-Test occurs.It could be shown that with normal fibrinogen concentrations (200-400 mg/dl) the positive test results by FMT and EGT are comparable, whereas with fibrinogen concentrations below 200 mg/dl the number of positive results obtained with the EGT amounted to half the number given by FMT. In the case of fibrinogen concentrations above 400 mg/dl, positive results obtained with EGT were 3.3 times higher than FMT. Nearlyidentical results were obtained by comparing the influence of degradation products. In case of high degradation product concentrations, EGT gives 4.5 timesmore positive results than FMT.Further we compared the number of positive test results obtained by the FMT with the level of AT III because it is wellknown that the AT IIIHevel decreases caused by proteolytic activity generated in DIC.In this study it could be shown that fibrin monomer increases in parallel with the decrease of AT III. Thiseffect does not occur with fibrin degradation products.
Exchange of Sodium between Bovine Blood Platelets and Their Suspension Media
Authors: Honorato C. R , Vásquez T. R , Brunet C. A , Chayet H. C 
Published: August 2018

SummaryNo sodium at least no important part is fixed on the platelets, even with an excess of sodium in the suspension media. Aldosterone and potassium did not modify these results. The platelets used for these experiments were functionally normal as shown by their retraction ability.
Artificial Intelligence in Public Health and Epidemiology
Authors: Thiébaut Rodolphe , Thiessard Frantz ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
Published: August 2018

Objectives: To introduce and summarize current research in the field of Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics.
Methods: The 2017 literature concerning public health and epidemiology informatics was searched in PubMed and Web of Science, and the returned references were reviewed by the two section editors to select 14 candidate best papers. These papers were then peer-reviewed by external reviewers to provide the editorial team with an enlightened vision to select the best papers.
Results: Among the 843 references retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science, two were finally selected as best papers. The first one analyzes the relationship between the disease, social/mass media, and public emotions to understand public overreaction (leading to a noticeable reduction of social and economic activities) in the context of a nation-wide outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea in 2015. The second paper concerns a new methodology to de-identify patient notes in electronic health records based on artificial neural networks that outperformed existing methods.
Conclusions: Surveillance is still a productive topic in public health informatics but other very important topics in Public Health are appearing. For example, the use of artificial intelligence approaches is increasing.
Cancer Informatics in 2017: A New Beginning and a Bright Future
Authors: Warner Jeremy , Patt Debra ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Cancer Informatics
Published: August 2018

Objective: To summarize significant research contributions on cancer informatics published in 2017.
Methods: An extensive search using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and manual review was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2017 that address topics in cancer informatics. The selection process comprised three steps: (i) 15 candidate best papers were first selected by the two section editors, (ii) external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams reviewed each candidate best paper, and (iii) the final selection of three best papers was conducted by the editorial board of the Yearbook.
Results: Results: The three selected best papers present studies addressing many facets of cancer informatics, with immediate applicability in the research and clinical domains.
Conclusion: Cancer informatics is a broad and vigorous subfield of biomedical informatics. Strides in knowledge management, crowdsourcing, and visualization are especially notable in 2017.
Depression bei Erwachsenen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung
Authors: Albantakis L. , Parpart H. , Thaler H. , Krankenhagen M. , Böhm J. , Zillekens I. , Schilbach L. 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Depressionen zählen zu den häufigsten Komorbiditäten von Autismus im Erwachsenenalter und gehen insbesondere bei Erwachsenen mit hochfunktionalem Autismus (HFA) mit einer hohen Suizidrate einher. Welche Risikofaktoren hierbei relevant sind, ist unklar. Material und Methoden: In einer Stichprobe von 186 autistischen Erwachsenen aus der Ambulanz bzw. Tagklinik für Störungen der sozialen Interaktion des Max-Planck-Instituts für Psychiatrie wurden epidemiologische, psychometrische und psychosoziale Daten mit Einverständnis der Patienten wissenschaftlich ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: 50% der Patienten litten neben einer ASS an einer depressiven Episode. Als Risikofaktoren für eine depressive Erkrankung wurden das Alter der Patienten sowie Arbeitslosigkeit identifiziert. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz: Aufgrund der hohen Rate von Depressionen und Suiziden bei Erwachsenen mit ASS ist eine sorgfältige Exploration dahingehend mit Abklärung von Suizidalität zu empfehlen. Weiterhin besteht ein großer Bedarf bei der Weiterentwicklung von störungsspezifischen Behandlungsmaßnahmen sowie Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten bei der beruflichen Integration. Hier liegen für spätdiagnostizierte Personen mit HFA erste psychotherapeutische und teilstationäre Behandlungskonzepte vor.
Human iPSC-derived trigeminal neurons lack constitutive TLR3-dependent immunity that protects cortical neurons from HSV-1 infection
Authors: Zimmer Bastian , Ewaleifoh Osefame , Harschnitz Oliver , Lee Yoon-Seung , Peneau Camille , McAlpine Jessica L. , Liu Becky , Tchieu Jason , Steinbeck Julius A. , Lafaille Fabien , Volpi Stefano , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Zhang Shen-Ying , Smith Gregory A. , Studer Lorenz 
Published: August 2018

Significance
We previously demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons from HSV-1 encephalitis patients with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway deficiencies are highly susceptible to HSV-1, due to impairment of cell autonomous TLR3-IFN immunity. In this study we present a protocol for efficient derivation/purification of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons from human iPSCs. The resulting TG neurons are of sensory identity and exhibit robust biological function. We also show that TG neurons and cortical neurons play distinct roles in host defense against HSV-1 in the central nervous system: unlike cortical neurons, TG neurons are vulnerable to HSV-1 because they require preemptive induction of TLR3-, IFN-α/β–mediated immunity. This is an important step to further our understanding of the HSV-1 encephalitis disease mechanism.
A cluster robustness score for identifying cell subpopulations in single cell gene expression datasets from heterogeneous tissues and tumors
Authors: Kanter Itamar , Dalerba Piero , Kalisky Tomer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
A major aim of single cell biology is to identify important cell types such as stem cells in heterogeneous tissues and tumors. This is typically done by isolating hundreds of individual cells and measuring expression levels of multiple genes simultaneously from each cell. Then, clustering algorithms are used to group together similar single-cell expression profiles into clusters, each representing a distinct cell type. However, many of these clusters result from overfitting, meaning that rather than representing biologically meaningful cell types, they describe the intrinsic ‘noise’ in gene expression levels due to limitations in experimental precision or the intrinsic randomness of biochemical cellular processes. Consequentially, these non-meaningful clusters are most sensitive to noise: a slight shift in gene expression levels due to a repeated measurement will rearrange the grouping of data points such that these clusters break up.

Results
To identify the biologically meaningful clusters we propose a ‘cluster robustness score’: We add increasing amounts of noise (zero mean and increasing variance) and check which clusters are most robust in the sense that they do not mix with their neighbors up to high levels of noise. We show that biologically meaningful cell clusters that were manually identified in previously published single cell expression datasets have high robustness scores. These scores are higher than what would be expected in corresponding randomized homogeneous datasets having the same expression level statistics. We believe that this scoring system provides a more automated way to identify cell types in heterogeneous tissues and tumors.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MOLGENIS research: advanced bioinformatics data software for non-bioinformaticians
Authors: van der Velde K Joeri , Imhann Floris , Charbon Bart , Pang Chao , van Enckevort David , Slofstra Mariska , Barbieri Ruggero , Alberts Rudi , Hendriksen Dennis , Kelpin Fleur , de Haan Mark , de Boer Tommy , Haakma Sido , Stroomberg Connor , Scholtens Salome , van de Geijn Gert-Jan , Festen Eleonora A M , Weersma Rinse K , Swertz Morris A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The volume and complexity of biological data increases rapidly. Many clinical professionals and biomedical researchers without a bioinformatics background are generating big ’-omics’ data, but do not always have the tools to manage, process or publicly share these data.

Results
Here we present MOLGENIS Research, an open-source web-application to collect, manage, analyze, visualize and share large and complex biomedical datasets, without the need for advanced bioinformatics skills.

Availability and implementation
MOLGENIS Research is freely available (open source software). It can be installed from source code (see http://github.com/molgenis), downloaded as a precompiled WAR file (for your own server), setup inside a Docker container (see http://molgenis.github.io), or requested as a Software-as-a-Service subscription. For a public demo instance and complete installation instructions see http://molgenis.org/research.
Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Daptomycin-treated Enterococcal Bacteremia: It Is Time to Change the Breakpoint
Authors: Avery Lindsay M , Kuti Joseph L , Weisser Maja , Egli Adrian , Rybak Michael J , Zasowski Evan J , Arias Cesar A , Contreras German A , Chong Pearlie P , Aitken Samuel L , DiPippo Adam J , Wang Jann-Tay , Britt Nicholas S , Nicolau David P 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is debate over whether the daptomycin susceptibility breakpoint for enterococci (ie, minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≤4 mg/L) is appropriate. In bacteremia, observational data support prescription of high doses (&gt;8 mg/kg). However, pharmacodynamic targets associated with positive patient outcomes are undefined.MethodsData were pooled from observational studies that assessed outcomes in daptomycin-treated enterococcal bacteremia. Patients who received an additional antienterococcal antibiotic and/or a β-lactam antibiotic at any time during treatment were excluded. Daptomycin exposures were calculated using a published population pharmacokinetic model. The free drug area under the concentration-time curve to MIC ratio (fAUC/MIC) threshold predictive of survival at 30 days was identified by classification and regression tree analysis and confirmed with multivariable logistic regression. Monte Carlo simulations determined the probability of target attainment (PTA) at clinically relevant MICs.ResultsOf 114 patients who received daptomycin monotherapy, 67 (58.8%) were alive at 30 days. A fAUC/MIC &gt;27.43 was associated with survival in low-acuity (n = 77) patients (68.9 vs 37.5%, P = .006), which remained significant after adjusting for infection source and immunosuppression (P = .026). The PTA for a 6-mg/kg/day (every 24 hours) dose was 1.5%–5.5% when the MIC was 4 mg/L (ie, daptomycin-susceptible) and 91.0%–97.9% when the MIC was 1 mg/L.ConclusionsFor enterococcal bacteremia, a daptomycin fAUC/MIC &gt;27.43 was associated with 30-day survival among low-acuity patients. As pharmacodynamics for the approved dose are optimized only when MIC ≤1 mg/L, these data continue to stress the importance of reevaluation of the susceptibility breakpoint.
Depressive Symptoms and the Buffering Effect of Resilience on Widowhood by Gender
Authors: King Brittany M , Carr Dawn C , Taylor Miles G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Spousal loss is a stressful life event that often results in significant depressive symptoms, with men often experiencing more significant depressive symptoms than women. Recent research suggests that psychological resilience may play a role in shaping how well people recover from the loss of a spouse. This study examined the moderating effect of resilience on widowhood in relation to changes in depressive symptoms for men and women.

Research Design and Methods
This study used data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine a change in depressive symptoms for men and women who experience spousal loss compared to those who remain continuously married (N = 5,626). We used the Simplified Resilience Score, which is based on measures drawn from the psychosocial and lifestyle questionnaire. Ordinary least squares regression was used to assess depression following reported spousal loss for widows relative to their continuously married counterparts.

Results
Results show resilience moderated depressive symptoms following spousal loss, but these effects varied by gender. Resilience was significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms for married but not for widowed women. However, for widowed men, resilience was significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and a high resilience score buffered the effect of widowhood.

Discussion and Implications
Our study suggests that having high levels of resilience prior to spousal loss may help offset persistent depressive symptoms, especially for men. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Participatory management in a high value small-scale fishery in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Maravelias Christos D , Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , Kalogirou Stefanos 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the Mediterranean Sea, the dominant type of fisheries is small-scale. Coastal communities remain dependent on fisheries for their income, some of them with limited potential for economic diversification. The top-down micro-management regime has proven ineffective to secure ecological and social sustainability as it lacks flexibility and adaptation to local and regional conditions. This paper explores the advantages of using a participatory approach and a bio-economic model to develop management scenarios in a high value small-scale shrimp trap fishery in Greece. Seeking active stakeholder involvement throughout the management process advanced the identification of management measures aiming at MSY, with high levels of acceptance from stakeholders. It also increased transparency and legitimacy of the proposed management measures and could be considered as a first step towards co-management and regionalization. The participatory approach undertaken could promote compliance and facilitate the transition to sustainable fishing, ensuring the viability of coastal communities and, thus, social sustainability.