bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter cohort-study of 15326 cases analyzing patient satisfaction and perioperative pain management: general, regional and combination anesthesia in knee arthroplasty
Authors: Greimel Felix , Maderbacher Guenther , Baier Clemens , Keshmiri Armin , Schwarz Timo , Zeman Florian , Meissner Winfried , Grifka Joachim , Benditz Achim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNumbers of knee replacement surgeries have been rising over the past years. After having ameliorated operation techniques and material, pain management and anesthetic methods have come into focus. All 15326 patients included had undergone primary knee arthroplasty within this multicenter cohort-study, conducted in 46 orthopedic departments. Parameters were evaluated on first postoperative day. Primary outcome values were pain levels (activity, minimum and maximum pain, and pain management satisfaction). Pain medication necessity was analyzed. Parameters were compared between the types of anesthesia used: general, regional and combination anesthesia. Pain scores and pain management satisfaction were significantly better in the groups of either spinal or peripheral anesthesia combined with general anesthesia (p < 0.001, respectively). Patients who received the combination of general and spinal anesthesia were associated with the lowest need for opioids (p < 0.001). The use of a combined general and spinal anesthesia as well as using a combination of general and peripheral anesthesia in knee arthroplasty was associated with a highly significant advantage to other anesthetic techniques regarding perioperative pain management in daily clinical practice, but maybe below clinical relevance. Furthermore they were associated with positive tendency considering side effects and subjective well-being parameters.
Status of the R&D activities for the upgrade of the ALICE TPC
Authors: Deisting Alexander 
Published: February 2018

After the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) the LHC will provide lead–lead collisions at interaction rates as high as 50 kHz. In order to cope with such conditions the ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) needs to be upgraded.
After the upgrade the TPC will run in a continuous mode, without any degradation of the momentum and dE/dx resolution compared to the performance of the present TPC. Since readout by multi-wire proportional chambers is no longer feasible with these requirements, new technologies have to be employed. In the new readout chambers the electron amplification is provided by a stack of four Gas ElectronMultiplier (GEM) foils. Here foils with a standard hole pitch of 140 μm as well as large pitch foils (280 μm) are used. Their high voltage settings and orientation have been optimised to provide an energy resolution of σE/E ≤ 12% at the photopeak of 55Fe. At the same settings the Ion BackFlow into the drift volume is less than 1% of the effective number of ions produced during gas amplification and the primary ionisations. This is necessary to prevent the accumulation of space charge, which eventually will distort the field in the drift volume. To ensure stable operation at the high loads during LHC run 3 the chambers have to be robust against discharges, too. With the selected configuration in a quadruple GEMstack the discharge probability is kept at the level of 10-12 discharges per incoming hadron. An overview of the ALICE TPC upgrade activities will be given in these proceedings and the optimised settings foreseen for the GEM stacks of the future readout chambers are introduced. Furthermore the outcome of two beam time campaigns at SPS and PS (at CERN) in the end of 2014 is shown. At this campaigns the stability against discharges and the dE/dx performance of a full size readout chamber prototype was tested. In addition it is reported on charging-up studies of 4GEM stacks and on tests of electromagnetic sagging of large GEM foils.
Feasibility Testing of a Wearable Behavioral Aid for Social Learning in Children with Autism
Authors: Daniels Jena , Haber Nick , Voss Catalin , Schwartz Jessey , Tamura Serena , Fazel Azar , Kline Aaron , Washington Peter , Phillips Jennifer , Winograd Terry , Feinstein Carl , Wall Dennis 
Published: February 2018

Background Recent advances in computer vision and wearable technology have created an opportunity to introduce mobile therapy systems for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that can respond to the increasing demand for therapeutic interventions; however, feasibility questions must be answered first.
Objective We studied the feasibility of a prototype therapeutic tool for children with ASD using Google Glass, examining whether children with ASD would wear such a device, if providing the emotion classification will improve emotion recognition, and how emotion recognition differs between ASD participants and neurotypical controls (NC).
Methods We ran a controlled laboratory experiment with 43 children: 23 with ASD and 20 NC. Children identified static facial images on a computer screen with one of 7 emotions in 3 successive batches: the first with no information about emotion provided to the child, the second with the correct classification from the Glass labeling the emotion, and the third again without emotion information. We then trained a logistic regression classifier on the emotion confusion matrices generated by the two information-free batches to predict ASD versus NC.
Results All 43 children were comfortable wearing the Glass. ASD and NC participants who completed the computer task with Glass providing audible emotion labeling (n = 33) showed increased accuracies in emotion labeling, and the logistic regression classifier achieved an accuracy of 72.7%. Further analysis suggests that the ability to recognize surprise, fear, and neutrality may distinguish ASD cases from NC.
Conclusion This feasibility study supports the utility of a wearable device for social affective learning in ASD children and demonstrates subtle differences in how ASD and NC children perform on an emotion recognition task.
Differential Methylation of Syncytin-1 and 2 Distinguishes Fetal Growth Restriction from Physiologic Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Makaroun Sami , Himes Katherine 
Published: February 2018

Objective The retroviral genes encoding Syncytin-1 (SYN1) and Syncytin-2 (SYN2) are epigenetically regulated, uniquely expressed in the placenta and critical to placental function. We sought to determine if placental expression and methylation patterns of SYN1 and SYN2 from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) differed from physiologic small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls.
Study Design Placental biopsies were obtained from AGA, SGA and FGR neonates delivered at >36 weeks gestation. SGA and FGR were defined as birth weight <10% with FGR additionally requiring abnormal fetal testing. We quantified DNA methylation of SYN1 and SYN2 by EpiTyper and gene expression by RT-qPCR.
Results We identified 10 AGA, 9 SGA and 7 FGR placentas. There was decreased methylation in SYN1 and SYN2 in FGR relative to AGA and SGA. When the sum of SYN1 and SYN2 methylation was used for prediction of FGR from SGA, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.9048 (0.7602, 1).
Conclusion SYN1 and SYN2 methylation marks differ in FGR and SGA. We plan future studies to examine these markers in cell free DNA to determine if these methylation changes could be used as a biomarker for FGR.
Central Cord Syndrome nach Sturz bei Stenose: Nicht operieren!
Authors: Kothe Ralph 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) ist definiert durch eine armbetonte motorische Schädigung, eine Blasenentleerungsstörung, sowie ein wechselhaftes sensibles Defizit kaudal der Läsion. Das CCS ist zudem die häufigste akute inkomplette zervikale Rückenmarksschädigung. Typischerweise sind ältere Patienten mit einer vorbestehenden spondylogenen zervikalen Stenose und einem akuten Hyperextensionstrauma betroffen. Historisch galt über viele Jahre die konservative Behandlung als einzig sinnvolle Therapieoption. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit hat sich ein deutlicher Trend zur operativen Therapie des CCS entwickelt. Die Indikation zur OP ist abhängig vom Ausmaß der neurologischen Schädigung und dem bildgebenden Befund. Der Nachweis von intramedullären Signalhyperintensitäten in den T2-Gewichtungen des MRT oder einer segmentalen Instabilität gelten als Prädiktoren für eine schlechtere neurologische Erholung. Viele Patienten mit einem akuten CSS weisen nur eine geringfügige neurologische Beeinträchtigung auf (ASIA Grad D). Hier ist ein abwartendes Verhalten mit neurologischer Verlaufsbeobachtung zu empfehlen. Im Falle einer ausbleibenden neurologischen Verbesserung entsteht den Patienten durch einen späteren operativen Eingriff kein Nachteil. In vielen Fällen kann den oftmals älteren Patienten eine unnötige Operation damit erspart werden.
An Update on the Biological Activities of Euterpe edulis (Juçara)
Authors: Cardoso Alyne , de Liz Sheyla , Rieger Débora , Farah Ana , Kunradi Vieira Francilene , Altenburg de Assis Maria , Di Pietro Patricia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe palm tree Euterpe edulis, known as juçara, produces spherical and purple fruits, similar to those of the Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria palm trees, from which the common name açaí originates. Juçara fruit has been gaining prominence in the scientific world for its interesting nutritional composition, which is rich in antioxidants, and for its sustainable production model. Recently, relevant biological activities have been associated with the juçara fruit, and its use in alimentation has become an important nutritional, environmental, and economic alternative. The aim of this review is to compile recent scientific data about the phytochemical characterization and biological activities of E. edulis. A review of the literature was conducted in two electronic databases, Medline and Science Direct. The eligibility criteria were as follows: phytochemicals characterize of the E. edulis fruits and evaluate biological effects in vitro or in vivo with pulp, extract, juice, or product of juçara fruits. Investigations were excluded if they used other parts of the plant (seeds), did not assess biological activities, or have tested methodologies for compound extraction. From the identified reports, 25 articles were eligible for this study. The promotion of health benefits related to juçara fruits seems to have improved antioxidant activity in vivo, benefits to lipid and glycemic profiles, and modulation of inflammatory status in experimental studies in animals.
Angiogenic patterning by STEEL, an endothelial-enriched long noncoding RNA
Authors: Man H. S. Jeffrey , Sukumar Aravin N. , Lam Gabrielle C. , Turgeon Paul J. , Yan Matthew S. , Ku Kyung Ha , Dubinsky Michelle K. , Ho J. J. David , Wang Jenny Jing , Das Sunit , Mitchell Nora , Oettgen Peter , Sefton Michael V. , Marsden Philip A. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and are necessary in the establishment and maintenance of the closed cardiovascular system, especially the physiology of regulated blood flow to and from tissues. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been described to have roles in gene regulation for a variety of processes, including stem cell functions and differentiation of stem cells into tissues. This work identifies lncRNAs that are enriched in ECs and further characterizes the lncRNA, spliced-transcript endothelial-enriched lncRNA (STEEL). STEEL promotes the formation of intact blood vessels by ECs in vivo. Moreover, STEEL regulates transcription of a key mediator of local blood flow, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and a key sensor of hemodynamic forces, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2).
Molecular basis for diversification of yeast prion strain conformation
Authors: Ohhashi Yumiko , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Kurahashi Hiroshi , Kamatari Yuji O. , Sugiyama Shinju , Uluca Boran , Piechatzek Timo , Komi Yusuke , Shida Toshinobu , Müller Henrik , Hanashima Shinya , Heise Henrike , Kuwata Kazuo , Tanaka Motomasa 
Published: February 2018

Significance
On the basis of the amino acid sequence, a polypeptide folds into a unique structure. In contrast, aggregation-prone proteins often misfold into distinct aggregate conformations. Interestingly, each distinct aggregate conformation can dictate different phenotypic consequences, such as cellular toxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of the origin of such structural diversity of protein aggregates has been a critical open question. Using the intrinsically disordered domain of yeast prion protein Sup35, we revealed the structural diversification of prion aggregate is triggered by thermodynamic fluctuations within the monomeric protein prior to aggregation. Our findings not only provide a clue to explain previously puzzling observations in prion biology but also have important implications for therapeutic approaches for human diseases in which protein aggregation is involved.
Adult-born neurons boost odor–reward association
Authors: Grelat Anne , Benoit Laura , Wagner Sébastien , Moigneu Carine , Lledo Pierre-Marie , Alonso Mariana 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Odor–reward association during appetitive learning is a fundamental process that requires multiple forms of plasticity. In the adult olfactory bulb, the continual production of newborn interneurons contributes to the functional plasticity of the system, placing the newcomers in a key position to participate in olfactory associative learning. Here, we demonstrate that adult-born neurons, but not preexisting ones, contain information about learned positive value. Moreover, specific heightening of this signal improves associative learning and odor value update and is enough in some cases to trigger behavior even without odor stimulus. Collectively, our findings show an important role of this adult-born interneuron population in odor–reward association and unveil the relevance of odor value encoding at early stages of sensory processing.
Trophic redundancy reduces vulnerability to extinction cascades
Authors: Sanders Dirk , Thébault Elisa , Kehoe Rachel , Frank van Veen F. J. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Initial species loss can lead to follow-on extinctions because of the interconnectedness of species in ecosystems. The loss of biodiversity through human impact can change the structure of ecological communities, which, models predict, can affect the likelihood of secondary extinctions. Uniquely, we provide an empirical demonstration of this with a plant-insect food web experiment by focusing on a particular secondary extinction mechanism. This mechanistic approach leads to specific, empirically testable hypotheses that can inform the development of predictive models on the consequences of changes in ecological community structure.
Effectiveness, Longevity, and Complications of Facelift by Barbed Suture Insertion
Authors: Bertossi Dario , Botti Giovanni , Gualdi Alessandro , Fundarò Piero , Nocini Riccardo , Pirayesh Ali , van der Lei Berend 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive facelift techniques involving barbed suture insertion have become popular among patients who wish to correct facial tissue ptosis.

Objectives
The authors sought to determine the effectiveness, longevity, complications, and postoperative sequelae associated with facelift by means of barbed polydioxanone (PDO) threads.

Methods
A total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent facelift with barbed threads were evaluated retrospectively. For malar augmentation and correction of nasolabial grooves, 2 or 3 PDO threads (23 gauge) were placed per side; for treatment of mandibular lines, 2 to 4 PDO threads (21 gauge) were inserted per side.

Results
Immediately after suture placement and for 1 month postoperatively, patients experienced improvement in facial tissue ptosis. This aesthetic result declined noticeably by 6 months and was absent by 1 year. The overall complication rate in the early postoperative period was 34% (55 of 160 patients). Eighteen patients (11.2%) had superficial displacement of the barbed sutures, 15 (9.4%) experienced transient erythema, 10 (6.2%) had infection, 10 (6.2%) experienced skin dimpling, and 2 (1.2%) had temporary facial stiffness.

Conclusions
Placement of barbed threads yields instantaneous improvement in facial ptosis that is no longer apparent by 1 year. Given this transient benefit and the complication rate of 34%, we recommend limiting this procedure to patients with contraindications for more invasive facial surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Virologic Suppression and Retention in Care in an Urban Safety-Net Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinic: The Connect4Care Trial
Authors: Christopoulos Katerina A , Riley Elise D , Carrico Adam W , Tulsky Jacqueline , Moskowitz Judith T , Dilworth Samantha , Coffin Lara S , Wilson Leslie , Johnson-Peretz Jason , Hilton Joan F 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Text messaging is a promising strategy to support human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care engagement, but little is known about its efficacy in urban safety-net HIV clinics.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a supportive and motivational text messaging intervention, Connect4Care (C4C), among viremic patients who had a history of poor retention or were new to the clinic. Participants were randomized (stratified by new or established HIV diagnosis status) to receive either of the following for 12 months: (1) thrice-weekly intervention messages, plus texted primary care appointment reminders and a monthly text message requesting confirmation of study participation or (2) texted reminders and monthly messages alone. Viral load was assessed at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was virologic suppression (&lt;200 copies/mL) at 12 months, estimated via repeated-measures log-binomial regression, adjusted for new-diagnosis status. The secondary outcome was retention in clinic care.

Results
Between August 2013 and November 2015, a total of 230 participants were randomized. Virologic suppression at 12 months was similar in intervention and control participants (48.8% vs 45.8%, respectively), yielding a rate ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, .82–1.39). Suppression was higher in those with newly diagnosed infection (78.3% vs 45.3%). There were no intervention effects on the secondary outcome. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients with more responses to study text messages had better outcomes, regardless of arm.

Conclusions
The C4C text messaging intervention did not significantly increase virologic suppression or retention in care. Response to text messages may be a useful way for providers to gauge risk for poor HIV outcomes.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01917994.
‘Nonnatus dictus quod caeso defunctae matris utero prodiit’. Postmortem Caesarean Section in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
Authors: Foscati Alessandra 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Historians call sectio in mortua the act of opening the abdomen of a woman who has died during pregnancy or in childbirth in order to extract a baby. According to recent studies, the sectio is considered to be a routine practice carried out by male surgeons from the end of the Middle Ages, particularly in Italy, where the evidence of the sectio being performed by a midwife is scanty. But was it really such a popular operation at the time, and can the figure of the midwife be seen as secondary? It is also known that the operation was qualified through aspects which went beyond the surgical sphere, such as religion, myth, and especially law. How did these fields interact? This article highlights the complexity of sectio through the interpretation of different sources spanning from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern period.
How Mentor Identity Evolves: Findings From a 10-Year Follow-up Study of a National Professional Development Program
Authors: Balmer Dorene F. , Darden Alix , Chandran Latha , D’Alessandro Donna , Gusic Maryellen E. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Despite academic medicine’s endorsement of professional development and mentoring, little is known about what junior faculty learn about mentoring in implicit curricula of professional development programs, and how their mentor identity evolves in this context. The authors explored what faculty–participants in the Educational Scholars Program implicitly learned about mentoring and how the implicit curriculum affected mentor identity transformation.

Method
Semistructured interviews with 19 of 36 former faculty–participants were conducted in 2016. Consistent with constructivist grounded theory, data collection and analysis overlapped. The authors created initial codes informed by Ibarra’s model for identity transformation, iteratively revised codes based on incoming data patterns, and created visual representations of relationships amongst codes to gain a holistic, shared understanding of the data.

Results
In the implicit curriculum, faculty–participants learned the importance of having multiple mentors, the value of peer mentors, and the incremental process of becoming a mentor. The authors used Ibarra’s model to understand how the implicit curriculum worked to transform mentor identity: Faculty–participants reported observing mentors, experimenting with different ways to mentor and to be a mentor, and evaluating themselves as mentors.

Conclusions
The Educational Scholars Program’s implicit curriculum facilitated faculty–participants taking on mentor identity via opportunities it afforded to watch mentors, experiment with mentoring, and evaluate self as mentor, key ingredients for identity construction. Leaders of professional development programs can develop faculty as mentors by capitalizing on what faculty–participants learn in the implicit curriculum and deliberately structuring postgraduation mentoring opportunities.
Gamification in Action: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Medical Educators
Authors: Rutledge Chrystal , Walsh Catharine M. , Swinger Nathan , Auerbach Marc , Castro Danny , Dewan Maya , Khattab Mona , Rake Alyssa , Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Raymond Tia T. , Maa Tensing , Chang Todd P. 
Published: February 2018

Gamification involves the application of game design elements to traditionally nongame contexts. It is increasingly being used as an adjunct to traditional teaching strategies in medical education to engage the millennial learner and enhance adult learning. The extant literature has focused on determining whether the implementation of gamification results in better learning outcomes, leading to a dearth of research examining its theoretical underpinnings within the medical education context. The authors define gamification, explore how gamification works within the medical education context using self-determination theory as an explanatory mechanism for enhanced engagement and motivation, and discuss common roadblocks and challenges to implementing gamification.
Although previous gamification research has largely focused on determining whether implementation of gamification in medical education leads to better learning outcomes, the authors recommend that future research should explore how and under what conditions gamification is likely to be effective. Selective, purposeful gamification that aligns with learning goals has the potential to increase learner motivation and engagement and, ultimately, learning. In line with self-determination theory, game design elements can be used to enhance learners’ feelings of relatedness, autonomy, and competence to foster learners’ intrinsic motivation. Poorly applied game design elements, however, may undermine these basic psychological needs by the overjustification effect or through negative effects of competition. Educators must, therefore, clearly understand the benefits and pitfalls of gamification in curricular design, take a thoughtful approach when integrating game design elements, and consider the types of learners and overarching learning objectives.