bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐efficiency design for 2.0‐2.9 GHz 5‐W GaN HEMT Class‐E power amplifier using passive Q‐constant non‐Foster network
Authors: Nguyen Dang‐An , Seo Chulhun , Park Kwang S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel load network for designing a high‐efficiency broadband Class‐E power amplifier, ranging from 2.0 to 2.9 GHz (37% at the central frequency of 2.45 GHz), is proposed using a non‐Foster cell that behaves as a negative capacitor with constant quality factor (Q) for optimal fundamental matching over the overall bandwidth. As mathematical analysis, the realization of this element is based on a passive architecture, which exhibits a negative group delay response without constraint of the reference impedance. To improve efficiency in a practical circuit, a close approximation using distributed sections is implemented. The in‐band efficiency observed is around 69.0‐78.3% with an average of 74% making it the highest for this frequency band today. The output power is maintained in the range of 5‐8 W with 12‐dB to 14‐dB power gain over the band while the two first harmonics are suppressed below −49 dBc.
Initial report on distribution of β3‐adrenoceptor in the human female urethra
Authors: Kummeling Maxime T. , Buijs Jeroen T. , Wisse Lambertus J. , van Uhm Janneke I. , Elzevier Henk W. , de Ruiter Marco C. , Groenendijk Pieter M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPast research has demonstrated that the urethral tonus is mainly under sympathetic control. Since 5 years, a beta 3‐adrenoceptor (ADRB3) agonist is available in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. The presence of ADRB3 within the human urethra has not been demonstrated to date. Presence of ADRB3 in the urethra could influence urethral tonus. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of ADRB3 in the human female urethra.Material and MethodsWe performed anatomical studies in five female specimens. Three specimens were obtained from the body donation program, two from female patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, where radical resection of bladder and urethra was performed. The urethra up till the bladder neck was separated from the rest of the bladder and freshly obtained for this study. For demonstrating ADRB3 expression, we used rabbit polyclonal anti‐human ADRB3 LS‐A4198.ResultsExpression of ADBR3 was demonstrated in the epithelial layer of all urethral parts, except at the level of the meatus. The level of ADRB3 expression was highest in the mid urethra. There was no direct contact between ADRB3 and nerve tissue. ADRB3 expression was also demonstrated in the stratified muscle layer at the level of the external urethral sphincter.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate the expression of ADRB3 in the human female urethra. There is an absence of a direct connection between ADRB3 and nerve tissue.
Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates ulcerative colitis through activating IL‐17F signaling to NF‐κB via the upregulation of CARD3 expression
Authors: Chen Yongyu , Chen Yan , Cao Pan , Su Wenhao , Zhan Na , Dong Weiguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence links Fusobacterium nucleatum with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism by which F. nucleatum promotes intestinal inflammation in UC remains poorly defined. Here, we first examined the abundance and impact of F. nucleatum on disease activity in UC tissues. Next, we isolated a strain of F. nucleatum from UC tissues and explored whether F. nucleatum aggravates the intestinal inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. We also examined whether F. nucleatum infection involves the NF‐κB or IL‐17F signaling pathways. Our data showed that F. nucleatum was enriched in 51.78% of UC tissues and was correlated with the clinical course, clinical activity and refractory behavior of UC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted intestinal epithelial damage and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, Il‐6, IL‐17F and TNF‐α. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum targeted caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (CARD3) through NOD2 to activate the IL‐17F/NF‐κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Thus, F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network involving CARD3 and IL‐17F to control the UC process. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathways will yield valuable insight into the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of pure blue emissive poly(2,7‐carbazole)s anchored by electron donor pendant
Authors: Inada Takashi , Shinnai Toshinobu , Kijima Masashi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThree novel poly(2,7‐carbazole)s having hole injection and transporting pendent moieties of carbazole and triphenylamine at the N‐position were synthesized for achieving pure blue electroluminescence. The N‐pendants in the polymers correspond to N‐phenylcarbazol‐2‐yl (P1), N,N‐diphenylamino‐N‐phenylcarabazol‐2‐yl (P2), and 4‐phenyl having a hydrocarbon chain with a triphenylamine terminal (P3), respectively. Electronic, optical, and electroluminescence properties of these polymers were compared with those of a poly(2,7‐carbazole) directly connected with triphenylamine at the N‐position (P0) having an aggregation‐induced emissive property. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra suggested that they could emit in the region of blue light in the film state. Especially, P2 that has the fixed and large diphenylaminocarbazolyl pendant showed a deep‐blue fluorescence with CIE(x, y) = (0.15, 0.07). The P0, P2, and P3 based light emitting diode devices showed maximum electroluminescence wavelengths in the range of 430–450 nm. The P2 device showed pure blue emission (CIE[x, y] = [0.18, 0.16]), high luminance (1130 cd/m2) and current density (628 mA/cm2) at 8 V, whereas low‐energy emissions around 500–600 nm were emerged at higher than 9 V. The P0 and P3 devices also showed a blue electroluminescence in the range of 8–11 V, but their luminance and efficiency were low. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2526–2534
Expressibility and Entangling Capability of Parameterized Quantum Circuits for Hybrid Quantum‐Classical Algorithms
Authors: Sim Sukin , Johnson Peter D. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the performance of many variational quantum algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is choosing an effective circuit that well represents the solution space while maintaining a low circuit depth and parameter count. To characterize and identify expressible, yet compact, circuits, several descriptors are proposed, including expressibility and entangling capability, that are statistically estimated from classical simulations. These descriptors are computed for different circuit structures, varying the qubit connectivity and selection of gates. From these simulations, circuit fragments that perform well with respect to the descriptors are identified. In particular, a substantial improvement in performance of two‐qubit gates in a ring or all‐to‐all connected arrangement, compared to that of those on a line, is observed. Furthermore, improvement in both descriptors is achieved by sequences of controlled X‐rotation gates compared to sequences of controlled Z‐rotation gates. In addition, it is investigated how expressibility “saturates” with increased circuit depth, finding that the rate and saturated value appear to be distinguishing features of a PQC. While the correlation between each descriptor and algorithm performance remains to be investigated, methods and results from this study can be useful for algorithm development and design of experiments.
MOF‐Derived CuS@Cu‐BTC Composites as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ping , Shen Mengqi , Zhou Hu , Meng Chunfeng , Yuan Aihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe CuS(x wt%)@Cu‐BTC (BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate; x = 3, 10, 33, 58, 70, 99.9) materials are synthesized by a facile sulfidation reaction. The composites are composed of octahedral Cu3(BTC)2·(H2O)3 (Cu‐BTC) with a large specific surface area and CuS with a high conductivity. The as‐prepared CuS@Cu‐BTC products are first applied as the anodes of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The synergistic effect between Cu‐BTC and CuS components can not only accommodate the volume change and stress relaxation of electrodes but also facilitate the fast transport of Li ions. Thus, it can greatly suppress the transformation process from Li2S to polysulfides by improving the reversibility of the conversion reaction. Benefiting from the unique structural features, the optimal CuS(70 wt%)@Cu‐BTC sample exhibits a remarkably improved electrochemical performance, showing an over‐theoretical capacity up to 1609 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles (100 mA g−1) with an excellent rate‐capability of ≈490 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. The outstanding LIB properties indicate that the CuS(70 wt%)@Cu‐BTC sample is a highly desirable electrode material candidate for high‐performance LIBs.
Flexible Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Fiber Capacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Long Cycling Life for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Xinshi , Pei Zengxia , Wang Chaojun , Yuan Ziwen , Wei Li , Pan Yuqi , Mahmood Asif , Shao Qian , Chen Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmerging wearable electronics require flexible energy storage devices with high volumetric energy and power densities. Fiber‐shaped capacitors (FCs) offer high power densities and excellent flexibility but low energy densities. Zn‐ion capacitors have high energy density and other advantages, such as low cost, nontoxicity, reversible Faradaic reaction, and broad operating voltage windows. However, Zn‐ion capacitors have not been applied in wearable electronics due to the use of liquid electrolytes. Here, the first quasisolid‐state Zn‐ion hybrid FC (ZnFC) based on three rationally designed components is demonstrated. First, hydrothermally assembled high surface area and conductive reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube composite fibers serve as capacitor‐type positive electrodes. Second, graphite fibers coated with a uniform Zn layer work as battery‐type negative electrodes. Third, a new neutral ZnSO4‐filled polyacrylic acid hydrogel act as the quasisolid‐state electrolyte, which offers high ionic conductivity and excellent stretchability. The assembled ZnFC delivers a high energy density of 48.5 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 179.9 mW cm−3. Further, Zn dendrite formation that commonly happens under high current density is efficiently suppressed on the fiber electrode, leading to superior cycling stability. Multiple ZnFCs are integrated as flexible energy storage units to power wearable devices under different deformation conditions.
Defect Promoted Capacity and Durability of N‐MnO2–x Branch Arrays via Low‐Temperature NH3 Treatment for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Deng Shengjue , Luo Mi , Pan Guoxiang , Zeng Yinxiang , Lu Xihong , Ai Changzhi , Liu Qi , Xiong Qinqin , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDefect engineering (doping and vacancy) has emerged as a positive strategy to boost the intrinsic electrochemical reactivity and structural stability of MnO2‐based cathodes of rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (RAZIBs). Currently, there is no report on the nonmetal element doped MnO2 cathode with concomitant oxygen vacancies, because of its low thermal stability with easy phase transformation from MnO2 to Mn3O4 (≥300 °C). Herein, for the first time, novel N‐doped MnO2–x (N‐MnO2–x) branch arrays with abundant oxygen vacancies fabricated by a facile low‐temperature (200 °C) NH3 treatment technology are reported. Meanwhile, to further enhance the high‐rate capability, highly conductive TiC/C nanorods are used as the core support for a N‐MnO2–x branch, forming high‐quality N‐MnO2–x@TiC/C core/branch arrays. The introduced N dopants and oxygen vacancies in MnO2 are demonstrated by synchrotron radiation technology. By virtue of an integrated conductive framework, enhanced electron density, and increased surface capacitive contribution, the designed N‐MnO2–x@TiC/C arrays are endowed with faster reaction kinetics, higher capacity (285 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and better long‐term cycles (85.7% retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) than other MnO2‐based counterparts (55.6%). The low‐temperature defect engineering sheds light on construction of advanced cathodes for aqueous RAZIBs.
Transformations of Modified Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Adducts from Isatins Catalyzed by Lewis Bases
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Chao , Chen Zhi , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of synthetic protocols to access architectures with broad structural and functional diversity from readily available starting materials is very attractive in both organic and medicinal chemistry fields. Toward this objective, the multifunctional isatin‐derived Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts provide opportunities to construct a variety of complex scaffolds containing a “privileged” oxindole motif through several catalytic pathways. By forming the ammonium or phosphonium salts with Lewis bases, isatin‐derived MBH adducts can undergo allylic substitutions with a range of nucleophiles, usually in a SN2′‐SN2′ pattern. Besides, assisted by Brønsted bases, the corresponding onium salts can be converted into the allylic ylide intermediates, which can undergo various annulation reactions or even 1,3‐difunctionalizations. Moreover, recent cooperative catalysis of Lewis bases and transition metal complexes further puts forward the application of isatin‐derived MBH adducts. This tutorial review covers the significant transformations of isatin‐derived MBH adducts, mostly in an asymmetric version, catalyzed by various Lewis bases over the past decade.
Phonetic cue weighting in perception and production
Authors: Schertz Jessamyn , Clare Emily J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpeech sound contrasts differ along multiple phonetic dimensions. During speech perception, listeners must decide which cues are relevant, and determine the relative importance of each cue, while also integrating other, signal‐external cues. The comparison of cue weighting in perception and production bears on a range of theoretical issues including the processes underlying sound change, the time course of learning, the nature of cues, and the perception‐production interface. Research examining the relative alignment of cue weighting across the modalities, on both a community and individual level, has revealed both parallels and asymmetries between the modalities. The extraordinarily wide range of ways that have been used to conceptualize and quantify cue weights reflects the inherent theoretical, methodological, and analytical differences between the two modalities. More consideration of the choices of analytical metrics, explicit discussion of the theoretical assumptions that underlie them, and systematic investigations of different types of cues will lead to more generalizable findings that can be incorporated into computational implementable models of speech processing.This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Psychology > Language
Head-to-head comparison of tau positron emission tomography tracers [18F]flortaucipir and [18F]RO948
Authors: Smith Ruben , Schöll Michael , Leuzy Antoine , Jögi Jonas , Ohlsson Tomas , Strandberg Olof , Hansson Oskar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
[18F]flortaucipir binds to paired helical filament tau and accurately identifies tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, “off-target” binding interferes with the quantification of [18F]flortaucipir in several brain regions. Recently, other tau PET tracers have been developed. Here, we compare [18F]flortaucipir with the novel tau tracer [18F]RO948 head-to-head in vivo.

Methods
We included 18 participants with AD, three with amyloid-β-positive amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and four healthy controls. All underwent [18F]flortaucipir (80–100 min) and [18F]RO948 (70–90) PET scans within approximately 1 month. Four study participants underwent 0–100-min dynamic scanning. Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were created using an inferior cerebellar reference region.

Results
Neocortical tracer retention was highly comparable using both SUVR and distribution volume ratio-1 values obtained from dynamic scans. However, [18F]RO948 retention was significantly higher in the entorhinal cortex and lower in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and choroid plexus compared with [18F]flortaucipir. Increased off-target binding was observed with age for both tracers. Several cases exhibited strong [18F]RO948 retention in the skull/meninges. This extra-cerebral signal, however, did not affect diagnostic accuracy and remained relatively unchanged when re-examining a subsample after 1 year. Kinetic modeling showed an increase in [18F]flortaucipir SUVR over the scanning interval, compared with a plateau for [18F]RO948.

Conclusion
[18F]RO948 and [18F]flortaucipir bound comparably in neocortical regions, but [18F]RO948 showed higher retention in the medial temporal lobe and lower intracerebral “off-target” binding. Time-dependent bias of SUVR estimates may prove less of a factor with [18F]RO948, compared with previous tau ligands.
Synthesis and characterization of isophorondiamine-based oligoamides: catalytic effect of amides during the curing of epoxy resins
Authors: Kárpáti Levente , Ganyecz Ádám , Nagy Tibor , Hamar Gergely , Banka Eszter , Kállay Mihály , Vargha Viktória 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aminolysis products of PET could be applied in several fields. The purpose of this study was to explore their use as a dual-purpose component as cross-linkers and catalysts in epoxy curing. PET aminolysis was carried out with 1:1.5 and 1:2 PET/amine ratios to produce amides with different molecular weights. The reaction products were characterized with functional group analysis, NMR, FTIR, MALDI-TOF, and solution viscosimetry. The terephthalamides were dissolved in isophorondiamine and used as cross-linkers. Reaction kinetics studies with DSC, viscosimetry, and quantum chemical computational methods were used to characterize their accelerative effects. Our studies have shown that terephthalamides are active catalyst and their efficiency can be tuned with their molecular weight. The quantum chemical simulations suggested that the terephthalamides are in the same order of magnitude in effectiveness as phenolic accelerators. Consequently, terephthalamides are valued materials that can serve as double-purpose components in epoxy curing.
Generation of crowd arrival and destination locations/times in complex transit facilities
Authors: Ricks Brian , Dobson Andrew , Krontiris Athanasios , Bekris Kostas , Kapadia Mubbasir , Roberts Fred 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to simulate virtual agents in the replica of a real facility across a long time span, a crowd simulation engine needs a list of agent arrival and destination locations and times that reflect those seen in the actual facility. Working together with a major metropolitan transportation authority, we propose a specification that can be used to procedurally generate this information. This specification is both uniquely compact and expressive—compact enough to mirror the mental model of building managers and expressive enough to handle the wide variety of crowds seen in real urban environments. We also propose a procedural algorithm for generating tens of thousands of high-level agent paths from this specification. This algorithm allows our specification to be used with traditional crowd simulation obstacle avoidance algorithms while still maintaining the realism required for the complex, real-world simulations of a transit facility. Our evaluation with industry professionals shows that our approach is intuitive and provides controls at the right level of detail to be used in large facilities (200,000+ people/day).
The Effect of Lingual Resistance Training Interventions on Adult Swallow Function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smaoui Sana , Langridge Amy , Steele Catriona M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLingual resistance training has been proposed as an intervention to improve decreased tongue pressure strength and endurance in patients with dysphagia. However, little is known about the impact of lingual resistance training on swallow physiology. This systematic review scrutinizes the available evidence regarding the effects of lingual resistance training on swallowing function in studies using Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSS) with adults. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed review for study quality, data extraction, and planned meta-analysis. Included studies applied this intervention to a stroke and brain injury patient populations or to healthy participants, applied different training protocols, and used a number of outcome measures, making it difficult to generalize results. Lingual resistance training protocols included anterior and posterior tongue strengthening, accuracy training, and effortful press against hard palate with varying treatment durations. VFSS protocols typically included a thin barium stimulus along with one other consistency to evaluate the effects of the intervention. Swallowing measures included swallow safety, efficiency, and temporal measures. Temporal measures significantly improved in one study, while safety improvements showed mixed results across studies. Reported improvements in swallowing efficiency were limited to reductions in thin liquid barium residue in two studies. Overall, the evidence regarding the impact of lingual resistance training for dysphagia is mixed. Meta-analysis was not possible due to differences in methods and outcome measurements across studies. Reporting all aspects of training and details regarding VFSS protocols is crucial for the reproducibility of these interventions. Future investigations should focus on completing robust analyses of swallowing kinematics and function following tongue pressure training to determine efficacy for swallowing function.
Perioperative chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan: current and future perspectives
Authors: Tokunaga Masanori , Sato Yuya , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Aburatani Tomoki , Matsuyama Takatoshi , Nakajima Yasuaki , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer differs across the world. In western countries, perioperative chemotherapy or postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy are the preferred treatment options, whereas in Asia, D2 gastrectomy followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is standard. In Japan, adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 is the standard treatment for pStage II gastric cancer, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy with a doublet regimen is preferred for pStage III gastric cancer. The efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy using S-1 plus cisplatin, has been investigated in selected patients with expected poor survival outcomes. To expand the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a clinical trial investigating the efficacy of preoperative S-1 plus oxaliplatin in patients with cStage III (cT3-4N1-3) gastric cancer (JCOG1509) is ongoing in Japan. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to cytotoxic chemotherapy also seems promising and is being investigated in international randomized clinical trials. Although we have to await the final results of these studies, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment strategy and likely to become standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan.