bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal variation in the Caucasian rock lizard Lacerta armeniaca and its origin
Authors: Murphy Robert , Fu Jinzhong , Darevsky Ilya , MacCulloch Ross 
Published: July 2002

AbstractClonal variation in Lacerta armeniaca was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis and morphology. Among the 35 allozyme loci examined, three were variable, which divided L. armeniaca into four clones. One rare clone of L. armeniaca made up the majority of two populations. This contrasts to rare clones in other parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizards which typically consist of only one or two individuals. Another rare clone, which showed a striking colouration difference, had different allelic composition at two loci. Although mutation is a possible explanation of the origin of the clonal variation, the alternative, multiple origin, is equally likely.
Nematodes associated with East African Highland cooking bananas and cv. Pisang Awak (Musa spp.) in Central Uganda
Authors: De Waele Dirk , Speijer Paul 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA survey was conducted at 17 sites in Central Uganda. Suckers were detached from East African Highland cooking bananas (Musa spp., AAA-group) and the cultivar Pisang Awak (Musa spp., ABB-group), and assessed for nematode population densities and root damage. The frequency of occurrence on both Musa groups was Helicotylenchus multicinctus 88%, Radopholus similis 74% and Pratylenchus goodeyi 50%. Helicotylenchus multicinctus and R. similis densities were higher (P ≤ 0.05) on Highland cooking bananas compared to Pisang Awak, while P. goodeyi densities did not differ significantly between the groups. Helicotylenchus multicinctus and R. similis were observed to be the major pests of Highland cooking bananas in Central Uganda, causing extensive root death. Radopholus similis may be the more important of the two, as it was also highly associated with root necrosis.
WASP and N-WASP in human platelets differ in sensitivity to protease calpain
Authors: Shcherbina Anna , Miki Hiroaki , Kenney Dianne M. , Rosen Fred S. , Takenawa Tadaomi , Remold-O'Donnell Eileen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMutations of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) underlie the severe thrombocytopenia and immunodeficiency of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. WASP, a specific blood cell protein, and its close homologue, the broadly distributed N-WASP, function in dynamic actin polymerization processes. Here it is demonstrated that N-WASP is expressed along with WASP, albeit at low levels, in human blood cells. The presence of approximately 160 nmol/L rapidly acting N-WASP molecules may explain the normal capacity of WASP-negative patient platelets for early agonist-induced aggregation and filopodia formation. Ex vivo experiments revealed a significant difference between WASP and N-WASP in sensitivity to calpain, the Ca++-dependent protease activated in agonist-stimulated platelets. Through the use of a series of calpain-containing broken cell systems, it is shown that WASP is cleaved in a Ca++-dependent reaction inhibitable by calpeptin and E64d and that N-WASP is not cleaved, suggesting that the cleavage of WASP by calpain functions in normal platelets as part of a Ca++-dependent switch mechanism that terminates the surface projection phase of blood cell activation processes.
Functional consequences of naturally occurring mutations in human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Authors: Phillips John D. , Parker Tiffany L. , Schubert Heidi L. , Whitby Frank G. , Hill Christopher P. , Kushner James P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Functional consequences of 12 mutations—10 missense, 1 splicing defect, and 1 frameshift mutation—were characterized in the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-D) gene found in Utah pedigrees with familial porphyria cutanea tarda (F-PCT). All but one mutation altered a restriction site in the URO-D gene, permitting identification of affected relatives using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. In a bacterial expression system, 3 of the missense mutants were found in inclusion bodies, but 7 were expressed as soluble proteins. Enzymatic activity of soluble, recombinant mutant URO-D genes ranged from 29% to 94% of normal. URO-D mRNA levels in Epstein-Barr–virus transformed cells derived from patients were normal (with the exception of the frameshift mutation) even though protein levels were lower than normal, suggesting that missense mutations generally cause unstable URO-Ds in vivo. The crystal structures of 3 mutant URO-Ds were solved, and the structural consequences of the mutations were defined. All missense mutations reported here and by others were mapped to the crystal structure of URO-D, and structural effects were predicted. These studies define structural and functional consequences of URO-D mutations occurring in patients with F-PCT.
Allogeneic transplantation of CD34+selected cells from peripheral blood from human leukocyte antigen–identical siblings: detrimental effect of a high number of donor CD34+ cells?
Authors: Urbano-Ispizua Alvaro , Carreras Enric , Marı́n Pedro , Rovira Montserrat , Martı́nez Carmen , Fernández-Avilés Francesc , Xicoy Blanca , Hernández-Boluda Juan-Carlos , Montserrat Emili 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Clinical results after T-cell–depleted allografts might be improved by modifying the graft content of progenitor and accessory cells. Although the association of the number of donor T cells with the clinical outcome has been studied extensively, the optimum number of progenitor cells that should be administered to patients is unknown. The characteristics of 84 consecutive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–identical sibling transplants of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells depleted of T cells by CD34+ positive selection (allo-PBT/CD34+) were analyzed for their effect on clinical outcome. After a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 1-70 months), 50 patients remain alive (59.5%) and 34 have died (21 [25%] as a result of the transplant and 13 [15.5%] due to disease relapse). The median number of CD34+ cells administered to the patients was 3.9 × 106/kg (range, 1.2-14.3 × 106/kg). A number of CD34+ cells in the inoculum of 1 × 106/kg to 3 × 106/kg was associated with increased survival: 21 of 28 (75%) patients are alive, as compared with 29 of 56 (52%) patients receiving more than 3 × 106/kg (actuarial probability 75% vs. 42%, respectively; P = .01). In the multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic variables for survival were CD34+cell dose 1 × 106/kg to 3 × 106/kg (RR = 4.8; P = .0008), sex-pairing match (RR = 3.2;P = .002), and early stage of disease (RR = 2.8;P = .007). From these results it appears that, in allo-PBT/CD34+ from HLA-identical siblings, a number of CD34+ cells in the inoculum between 1 × 106/kg to 3 × 106/kg is an important factor for better survival, and that higher CD34+ cell doses might be associated with a poorer outcome.
Dental Coverage and Care When Transitioning From Medicaid to Medicare
Authors: Elani Hawazin W. , Sommers Benjamin D. , Yuan Dan , Kawachi Ichiro , Rosenthal Meredith B. , Tipirneni Renuka 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceMillions of adults with low incomes lose Medicaid eligibility when transitioning to Medicare at age 65 years. However, it remains unclear how this transition is associated with dental care.ObjectiveTo examine the consequences of transitions from Medicaid to Medicare on coverage and use of dental services.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2014 to 2020 and a regression discontinuity design were used to compare changes in outcomes before and after turning age 65 years among a population likely to be Medicaid-eligible before age 65 years. The sample included adults aged 50 to 90 years who had not attended college in 28 states.ExposureTransitions from Medicaid to Medicare at age 65 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHealth insurance (Medicaid, Medicare, dual coverage, private, and uninsurance), dental coverage (Medicaid, Medicare, private, or none), and having a dental visit and out-of-pocket dental spending during the previous 2 years.ResultsOf the 15 837 study participants, 9510 (56.2% weighted) were female, 6984 (28.7% weighted) were Black individuals, Hispanic individuals, and individuals of other race (including American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander individuals), and 8853 (71.3% weighted) were White; the mean (SD) age was 69.2 (10.3) years. Turning age 65 years was associated with an increase in Medicare coverage in states with Medicaid dental benefits (66.5 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 58.3-74.7) and those without dental benefits (67.8 pp; 95% CI, 52.6-83.0). There was a concurrent reduction in private coverage, Medicaid, and uninsured rates. For dental outcomes, in states providing Medicaid dental benefits, turning age 65 years was associated with a 13.1-pp decrease in the likelihood of dental coverage (95% CI, 10.7-15.5), largely due to the loss of Medicaid dental coverage. Among adults reporting being Black, Hispanic, or other race, there was a 3.9-pp decline in dental visits during the previous 2 years (95% CI, −6.1 to −1.7). In states without Medicaid dental benefits, turning age 65 years was associated with no change in the likelihood of dental coverage and a 15.6-pp increase in dental visits (95% CI, 6.3-25.0). Out-of-pocket dental spending decreased in both groups of states (−13.0% [95% CI, −24.2 to −0.1] and −19.2% [95% CI, −33.6 to −1.6], respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cross-sectional study suggest that transitioning from Medicaid to Medicare at age 65 years was associated with a lower level of dental coverage and may increase barriers to accessing dental care for beneficiaries who had Medicaid dental coverage before age 65 years. However, for adults living in states without Medicaid dental benefits, the transition was associated with increased use of dental services and no change in overall dental coverage rates.
COVID-19 Pandemic Coping, Social Support, and Emotional Health in American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples
Authors: Haskins Cole , Noonan Carolyn , Collier Ann , MacLehose Richard , Buchwald Dedra , Manson Spero M. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed a burden on the health of many people, including significant disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native communities.ObjectiveThis study examines the associations between coping behaviors, social support, and emotional health among American Indian and Alaska Native peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included survey data collected from November 2021 to May 2022 from American Indian and Alaska Native adults aged 18 years or older without dementia or other serious cognitive impairments who were seen at 6 urban health organizations primarily in urban settings (in New Mexico, Alaska, Colorado, Minnesota, Utah, and Kansas) in the year prior to the survey.ExposuresExposures of interest included avoidant and direct problem-solving coping behaviors and functional and emotional social support.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe study outcome was self-reported change in emotional health since COVID-19 pandemic onset. Poisson regression was used to model adjusted multivariate associations. Data were weighted to account for age, nonresponse, and disproportionate representation by clinic population.ResultsA total of 1164 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean (SD) age of 42.5 (13.4) years; 830 (61%, weighted sample percentage) were female. Since COVID-19 pandemic onset, 465 patients (39% weighted) reported worsened emotional health. Problem-solving coping mean (SD) utilization score was 2.5 (0.5), avoidant coping mean (SD) utilization score was 2.3 (0.5), mean (SD) functional social support score was 11.4 (2.9), and 219 participants (18% weighted) reported that emotional support was always available. Using problem-solving coping skills was associated with better emotional health (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.81] for highest vs lowest tertile), as was always (vs never or rarely) getting emotional support (APR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30-0.55) and having more functional support (APR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.87-0.92] per 1-unit increase in functional social support). In examination of psychological resilience potentially modifying primary exposure associations, no interactions were statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of urban American Indian and Alaska Native peoples, problem-solving coping skills and more social support were associated with better emotional health during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings can be used to identify strengths-based approaches to support community emotional health during social upheavals.
Hybrid Energy Systems: Synergy Margin and Control Co‐Design
Authors: Garcia‐Sanz Mario 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExtraordinary properties emerge from subsystems' interactions. Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are a promising concept that could change the renewable energy landscape. By co‐designing generation, storage, and conversion technologies, HESs can provide new electrical power services, increase grid stability and control authority, and generate energy and/or nonenergy products such as electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, heat, digital data, or fresh water. This article discusses some conditions the co‐design of HESs should follow to optimize the combined system (synergy), avoiding deterioration (dysfunction). It introduces some technoeconomic synergy conditions, develops a synergy margin, and analyses several case studies, exploring also the control co‐design methodology to optimize synergistically the hybrid system.
Liquid Metal Chemical Plating Rheological Modification Method for Magnetic Metal Materials
Authors: Luo Zheng , Zhou Xiao‐Ping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid metal (LM)‐based magnetic fluids have attracted attention due to their rapid magnetic response, flexibility, and maneuverability. However, the nonwettability at the interface between metal particles and LM due to surface energy mismatch makes it challenging for metal particles to penetrate the LM oxide layer. Here, a strategy for mixing magnetic iron particles into LM through a reactive wetting mechanism is proposed. To address the inherent nonwettability at the interface between Fe particles and LM, FeGa2O4 is synthesized as a shell of Fe particles to enhance compatibility between Fe particles and LM. In particular, the wetting behavior of the FeGa2O4 shell on the interface between Fe@FeGa2O4 and LM is explained and validated based on the contact angle theory and density functional theory. Moreover, the mixture of Fe@FeGa2O4 particles into the LM enhances the rheological properties of the composite, effectively overcomes the inherent limitation of the low mechanical strength of LM, and improves the magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties of LM. Furthermore, studies on the adhesion mechanism of LM composites indicate that Fe@FeGa2O4 particles carrying more oxides into LM are crucial factors for adhesion. Given these notable advantages, LM‐based magnetic composites have shown tremendous potential in flexible electronics, soft robotics, and lightweight LM thermal interface materials.
Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors With Ultrahigh Performance Enabled by Graphene Oxide‐Modulated CuI Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Cen Baofen , Wang Yabing , Zhang Hongrong , Mao Mingfen , Wang Tengfei , Liu Kaixiang , Li Qinghong , Zhang Jing , Luo Shengyun , Luo Guangcan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe hole transport layer (HTL) with a function of charge extraction and transport plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs). Herein, a CuI p‐type layer modified with graphene oxide (GO) is efficiently employed as the hole extractor for UV PDs based on ZnO nanorod arrays (NRs). The UV PD fabricated on FTO/ZnO NRs/CuI@GO/Au architecture exhibits exceptional performance characteristics including remarkably high responsivity (up to 387 mA W−1), significant specific detectivity (1.7 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1), and rapid rise/decay time (23/16 ns) under self‐powered mode. The presence of GO effectively adsorbs and aggregates CuI nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of compact films and reduction in surface trap defects. Furthermore, owing to the strong electronegativity of GO terminated oxygen‐containing groups, the work function and band structure of CuI are further optimized, which strengthens the built‐in electric field of the ZnO/CuI heterojunction. Meanwhile, the pyroelectric effect of CuI that obstructs the hole transport is suppressed with the addition of GO. These improvements not only improve charge separation and hole extraction efficiencies but also significantly mitigate surface nonradiative charge recombination. This approach provides a novel strategy for optimizing CuI as an immense potential HTL with GO modulation.
Long‐Term In Vivo Fluorescence Analyses and Imaging‐Guided Tumor Surgery in the Second Near‐Infrared Window Using a Supramolecular Metallacage
Authors: Qin Yi , Niu Niu , Li Xue , Yan Xueke , Lu Shuai , Li Zhikai , Gui Yixiong , Zhu Jun‐Long , Xu Lin , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term in vivo fluorescence analysis is growing into a sparkling frontier in gaining deep insights into various biological processes. Exploration of such fluorophores with high performance still remains an appealing yet significantly challenging task. In this study, we have elaborately integrated a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissive fluorophore with the metal Pt into a self‐assembled prism‐like metallacage M‐DBTP, which enables the intravital long‐term tracking of the metal Pt through NIR‐II fluorescence imaging technologies. In addition, the intravital bioimaging of the metallacage‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) indicated an extraordinary photographic performance on the mice blood vessels and the rapid clearance of M‐DBTP NPs from the blood within 7 h. The subsequent transfer to the bones and the retention of NPs in the bone marrow region for up to 35 days was revealed by long‐term fluorescence analysis, which was confirmed by the distribution and metabolism of Pt through an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Moreover, the bright emission of M‐DBTP NPs in the NIR‐II region enables them to well perform on fluorescence imaging‐guided tumor surgery.
Analysis of Herbal Constituents and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Gegen–Huangqi Decoction in Rat Plasma Using HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS and HPLC‐QQQ‐MS/MS
Authors: Xu Zhou , Wang Linwei , Liu Huan , Tian Xiaoting , Wang Yangyang , Xu Haibo , Chen Shuoji , Chen Mingcang , Hu Pei , Huang Chenggang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, gegen–huangqi (GH) decoction, has been employed for over 200 years, notably for its therapeutic effects in treating conditions such as atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Despite its long‐standing use, comprehensive studies on the chemical constituents of GH and their in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) remain limited. This study aimed to profile the bioactive compounds present in GH decoction and to explore their PK characteristics using HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. Furthermore, a robust and validated analytical method was developed and applied to assess the PK of 11 plasma compounds using HPLC‐QQQ‐MS/MS. In total, 79 components were identified within the GH decoction. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed distinct absorption and elimination profiles for compounds such as puerarin, daidzin, genistin, calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, and ononin, which exhibited profiles of quick absorption and excretion. Conversely, compounds such as daidzein, formononetin, genistein, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV, and calycosin showed more complex in vivo metabolic patterns, leading to multipeak concentration‐time curves. All compounds, except astragalosides II and IV, were found to undergo significant hepatic clearance. These findings provide valuable insights into the pharmacokinetic behavior of GH decoction, which lays the foundation for further quality control, pharmacological exploration, and potential clinical application of this traditional remedy.
Positive During COVID‐19: Women Academics' Strategies for Flourishing During a Pandemic
Authors: Lanka Evelyn , Marsh‐Davies Katy , Anderson Deirdre 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to far‐reaching detrimental impacts, with challenges weighted toward women, who experience a double‐burden of paid work and care/domestic work. Professional lives were enacted in new spaces, as many were ordered to work from home. This was particularly testing for women, who found themselves servicing additional expectations each day, such as complex relational work and home‐schooling. For many, this caused stress, damage to career, and strained relationships. Yet, as women academics, we were surprised to see that some of our peers were reporting they had positive experiences during lockdowns. Drawing on interview data from 23 women academics based in the United Kingdom, we found that participants did not report damage to their professional identities; indeed, in some cases the pandemic provided new ways to expand academic identities, for example through skill development and international networking. Furthermore, participants reported the pandemic as a chance to choose how to focus their energies, withdrawing from relationships and activities that did not contribute to the achievement of the selves they sought to become and capitalising on those that did. This paper is therefore valuable in revealing the techniques and resources (narrative and otherwise) that can enable women to report positive experiences, even when facing adversity.
Unveiling the Relationships Between Household Labor and Maternal Well‐Being
Authors: Bennett Meghan M. , Oswald Debra L. , Kaugars Astrīda S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated whether mothers' engagement in household labor, and perceptions of their own and partner's increased household labor, relate to maternal well‐being (burnout and flourishing) and mental health (anxiety and depression). Mothers of children under the age of 18 (N = 213) completed online questionnaires. Mothers' total time spent on household labor was associated with increased odds of having clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of flourishing. Similarly, mothers' perceptions that they had increased their household labor was associated with burnout and increased odds of having clinically significant levels of anxiety. However, perceptions that one's partner/other adult had increased their labor was associated with mothers' lower levels of burnout, lower odds of having clinically significant anxiety, and more flourishing. These findings can assist with providing support for mothers and improving their well‐being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Post Myocardial Infarct Ventricular Septal Rupture After Surgical Patch Dehiscence
Authors: Varma Puneet , Ferrari Cristina , Gennari Marco , De Marco Federico 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPost myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (MI‐VSR) is a dreaded complication, closure of which is extremely challenging. We here describe a case which was surgically closed after 10 days but had a failure needing continuous intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) support and was subsequently closed percutaneously with a Post MI‐VSR device.