bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OR-031 Mechanism of free-wheeling exercise attenuating muscle atrophy in SAMP8 mice
Authors: Zhang Ying , Kou Xianjuan 
Published: October 2018

Objective Muscle atrophy is a decrease in the volume and number of skeletal muscle cells, decreased muscle strength, and increased connective tissue and fat as the patient ages, and clinical symptoms syndrome characterized by decreased physical function, falls, weakness, and varying degrees of disability. It is estimated that approximately 5-13% of the elderly over the age of 60 are affected by muscle atrophy. Studies have shown that increased myocyte apoptosis and decreased levels of autophagy are involved in the development of muscle atrophy. At present, appropriate exercise has been considered as an economical and convenient way to reduce muscle atrophy, delay aging, and activate autophagy. The molecular mechanism remains to be further studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of 8-week free-wheeling exercise on muscle atrophy in rapid aging model SAMP8 mice, in order to provide a theoretical basis for exercise training to improve muscle atrophy and inhibit apoptosis.
Methods Twenty-four SAMP8 male mice of 7-month-old SPF were randomly divided into control group (Con), exercise group (V), and exercise combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine group (VQ), with 8 rats in each group. The Con group was fed routinely without any intervention for a total of 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the gastrocnemius muscle tissue was taken immediately. The apoptosis of skeletal muscle and the expression of aging-related proteins were detected by Western-blot. Test indicators include BAX, Ac-p53, p21, and p16. All experimental data were analyzed by statistical software and showed significant differences at P < 0.05.
Results Western-blot results showed that compared with the Con group, the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and aging-related proteins AC-P53, p16, and p21 were significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of the V group (P<0.01). In the VQ group, the protein expression of BAX was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of AC-P53, p16 and p21 also increased (P<0.01).
Conclusions The above Western-blot results indicate that free-wheeling exercise significantly inhibits skeletal muscle cell apoptosis in aged mice and reduces muscle atrophy.At the same time, under the action of free-wheeling exercise combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the apoptosis-related protein and aging-related protein increased abnormally, suggesting that free-running movement may inhibit apoptosis and delay muscle atrophy by activating autophagy. Further research is needed.
OR-033 Alterations in Inflammatory Markers and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation following Dietary and Exercise Intervention of Obese Rats
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wei Juan , Huang Xia , Sheng Lei 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet and different exercise training: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Continuous Training (CT) on body mass gain, serum inflammatory markers and hepatic lipid accumulation of obese rats.
Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a normal standard diet (N) or a high fat diet (H; 45% kcal as fat) for eight weeks without exercise stimuli. Obese rats were defined as increased at least 20% body weight than normal diet rats. After this period, N rats were continue fed with a normal diet (N), and half of obese rats were fed with a normal diet (ON), while the other half were continue fed with a high-fat diet (OH). Each diet type group was then divided into three subgroups, control (NC, ONC, OHC groups), High Intensity Interval training (NHI, ONHI, OHHI groups) and Continuous Training (NCT, ONCT, OHCT groups) (n=10). The interval and continuous straining consisted of a swimming exercise performed over eight weeks. Body weight, serum inflammatory markers, plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured.
Results Obese high fat diet rats showed greater body mass gain, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and serum inflammatory markers（MCP-1、IL-1β、TNF-α）in values than normal diet rats (OHC versus NC). In contrast, for the obese normal diet rats, no signiﬁcantly difference was observed compared with normal diet rats on VAT weight, serum lipids, inflammatory markers except MCP-1 (ONC versus NC). On the other hand, the trained groups of obese high fat diet rats showed lower values of body and VAT weight, serum lipids, inflammatory markers levels compared with the OHC group and CT showed more remarkable effect than HIIT except on VAT weight, serum IL-1β levels (OHHI versus OHC and OHCT versus OHC). However, the significantly positive effect of CT on obese normal diet rats was only observed on serum TG, LDL and MCP-1 levels (ONCT versus ONC). In addition, compared to normal rats, hepatic wet weight (HWW)，liver triglycerides (TG) in the OHC group presented obvious high level (OHC versus NC), no differences were exhibited between ONC and NC groups. Interestingly, HIIT but not CT signiﬁcantly deceased liver TG content compared with OHC group (OHHI versus OHC and OHCT versus OHC), which consistent with liver oil red O stain images as well as higher hepatic CPT-1 level.
Conclusions Both training methodologies were shown to be effective in controlling body mass gain and adiposity levels in high-fat diet fed obese rats, HIIT displayed more positive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation. Additionally, diet and exercise was more effective than exercise alone in reducing body weight, VAT mass, serum inflammatory and liver TG content.
OR-035 Effect of Aerobic Training on the Exercise Capacity of Apelin Knock-out Mice
Authors: Yan Lu , Li Tieying , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2018

Objective Aerobic training is considered to be an effective way to enhance the body’s exercise capacity which is closely related to the improvement of skeletal muscle energy metabolism. And as a new myokine, apelin has been found to play a key role in regulating the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. However, whether the loss of apelin gene affects exercise capacity and what role aerobic training play in it remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effect of apelin on exercise capacity during aerobic training and to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of aerobic exercise affecting exercise capacity.
Methods Male C57BL/6J wild type mouse(n=20) and apelin knock-out mouse(n=20) were assigned by random allocation to four groups(n=10): wild type control(WC), wild type exercised(WE), apelin knock-out control(KC) and apelin knock-out exercised(KE). Exercise training consisted of treadmill running 60 minutes/day ×6 days/week for 4 weeks. The training intensity corresponded to the 70-75% maximum oxygen uptake of mice. The running speed was 15m/min with an incline of +5° in the first 2 weeks and subsequently adjusted to 20m/min according to the maximum oxygen uptake in the last 2 weeks. On the day after training, all groups were forced to perform a incremental exercise test to exhaustion. This test was started with an incline of +5°and a speed of 10 m/min for 5 min. After this initial phase, the speed was progressively increased by 3m/min every 3 min until animal exhausted. The maximum running speed, movement time and distance were recorded during the test.
Results Compared with group WC, the maximum running speed, movement time and distance of group KC were significantly decreased(P<0.01). And the maximum running speed, movement time and distance of group KE were clearly higher than those of group KC(P<0.01). There is no significant difference between group WE and group WC, and between group KE and group WE.
Conclusions The exercise capacity of mice was significantly decreased because of knocking out the apelin gene, and the exercise ability of apelin knock-out mice can be clearly enhanced by aerobic training.
OR-039 Normal-weight obesity and physical fitness in Chinese university students: an overlooked association
Authors: Zhang Meizhen , Schumann Moritz , Huang Tao , Törmäkangas Timo , Cheng Sulin 
Published: October 2018

Objective The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of normal weight obesity with physical fitness in Chinese university students. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether possible differences in physical fitness between students classified as NWO and normal weight non-obese (NWNO) were mediated by skeletal muscles mass.
Methods A total of 383 students (205 males and 178 females, aged 18–24 years) from two universities volunteered to participate in this study. Body height and weight were measured by standard procedures and body composition was assessed by a bio-impedance device (InBody 720). NWO was defined by a BMI of 18.5 - 23.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of > 20% and > 30% in male and female students, respectively. Physical fitness was measured using a 10-min intermittent endurance running test (Andersen test), counter movement jumps (CMJ) and a 5 × 5-m shuttle run test (5mSR). The level of leisure time physical activity (PA) was assessed by a questionnaire.
Results 13.7% of male and 27.5% of female students were classified as NWO. Compared to NWNO, students classified as NWO showed a significantly poorer performance on the Andersen test (males: 1146 ± 70 m vs. 1046 ± 95 m, females: 968 ± 61 m vs. 907 ± 67m, p < 0.001), CMJ (males: 55.0 ± 7.6 cm vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 cm, females: 39.8 ± 8.0 cm vs. 33.7 ± 5.9 cm, p < 0.001), 5mSR (males: 18.7 ± 1.0 s vs. 20.0 ± 0.9 s, females: 21.1 ± 1.1 s vs. 22.4 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.001), respectively. The lower levels of physical fitness in NWO were partially explained by lower skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001) both in male and female students
Conclusions NWO was associated with poorer physical fitness and the relationship was partially mediated by lower skeletal muscle mass. The study indicated that attention should be paid for the potential hidden health risk in university students with normal body mass index but excessive fat mass
OR-043 UPRmt and mitophagy are selectively activated depending on muscle fiber types in insulin resistant rats
Authors: Li Can , Li Nan , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate how different skeletal muscle fiber types affect development of insulin resistance, and to explore the role of mitochondrial quality control system, especially mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitophagy, in response to metabolic stresses.
Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: fed with the normal diet for 8 weeks (Con), and fed with 45% high-fat diet for 8 weeks (IR). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FIN) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used to identify insulin resistance model. Gastrocnemius (GC), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle were isolated, and RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of Myhc7, Myhc4. Oxygraph-2k was used to determine the mitochondrial State 3 (ST3), State 4(ST4) respiration and respiration control rate (RCR). JC-1 probe was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. Western Blot was used to determine the expressions of marker proteins of muscle fiber types (Myhc4, Myhc7), UPRmt related proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70) and mitophagy related proteins (Pink1, LC3).
Results Compared with Con group, in IR group, FBG (7.1±1.27 vs. 5.4±0.43，p＜0.05), FIN (19.4±5.2 vs. 31.6±6.7，p＜0.05 ) and OGTT (area under the curve, about 31.7% increases, p＜0.05) were significantly higher. Myhc4 mRNA (relative fold about 55.6% increases) and protein expression (about 33.9% increases, p＜0.05) were significantly higher in GC. Myhc4 protein expression was significantly higher in GC (about 60.5% increases, p＜0.05). While Myhc7 mRNA expression (about 51.1% decreases, p＜0.05) was significantly lower in SOL. Compared with Con group, in IR group, mitochondrial RCR in SOL muscle was significantly lower (about 22.5% decreases, p＜0.05). Furthermore, the expression of HSP60 (about 36.7% increases，p＜0.05) and HSP70 (about 44.3% increases，p＜0.05) was significantly higher in TA muscle, while the expression of Parkin (about 18.8% decreases，p＜0.05) and the ratio between LC3 II/I (about 26.0% decreases，p＜0.05)expression in SOL muscle were significantly lower.
Conclusions In this study, we found that the percentage of fast muscle fibers was elevated in IR skeletal muscle, which were supported by increased Myhc4 and decreased Myhc7 level. Impaired mitochondrial function was only observed in slow muscle as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. As marker of UPRmt, HSP60/70 were specifically activated in fast muscle in IR, while mitophagy-related proteins were specifically increased in slow muscle. These results indicate that mitochondrial quality control systems are selectively activated to recover mitochondrial functions depending on muscle fiber types in insulin resistant rat.
OR-055 Effect of whey protein on rehydration after exercise
Authors: Zhang Lantian , Dang Chenge , Xu Chunyan 
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a rehydration solution containing whey protein on fluid balance after exercise-induced dehydration.The ACSM Sports Guide recommends that healthy adults exercise moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 30 minutes a day.This type of exercise can dehydrate the body by about 1%.Dehydration 1% affects exercise capacity and performance.The purpose of this study was to exercise-induced dehydration of sports drinks containing whey protein.
Methods Twelve college students ( 20 ± 2 years, 169.9 ± 8.1 cm, 63.3 ± 13 kg) participated. Participants reduced body mass by (0.67±0.33) after intermittent exercise and re-hydrated with a volume of drink in liter equivalent to 1.5 times their body mass loss in kilograms of a solution of 4 kinds of drinks：Distilled water(trial C), carbohydrate-electrolyte(trail D), carbohydrate-electrolyte-low whey protein(trial LWP) and carbohydrate-electrolyte-high whey protein(trail HWP). Solutions were matched for carbohydrate and electrolyte content in trail D、LWP and HWP. Trials were administered in a random, counterbalanced, crossover design, with subjects blinded as to which drink they consumed during each trial. Each participant completed 4 experimental trials, which were separated by at least one week. Urine samples were collected before and after exercise (immediately, 40、80、120、160minutes later). Urine volume, drink retention, urine osmolality and urine specific gravity were tested. Drink retention was calculated as difference between the volume of drink ingested and urine produced.
Results 1.Total cumulative urine output after exercise was not different between each of the four groups(C:1002 ±102mL;D:;LWP: ;HWP:，p>0.5 )； 2. During the study, drink retention of trail LWP is the highest(80.3±11.2%), but there was not different between each of the four groups(C: 70.5±20.6%;D:70.7±17.9% ;HWP: 75.0±12.4%， p>0.5). 3. At the 40th minute after exercise, the urine specific gravity of the D was significantly lower than that of the LWP(1.020±0.006 vs 1.028±0.003, p=0.020), and the urine specific gravity of the LWP at 120 minutes after exercise significantly higher than the D (1.018 ± 0.003 vs 1.021 ± 0.007, p = 0.006).
Conclusions When the amount of dehydration after exercise is 1%-2%, each kind of the drinks in the study is useful for rehydration， and the addition of whey protein does not increase rehydration.
PO-043 The Effects of One-Time High Intensity Intermittent Training on Expression of LC3 Gene in Rats’ White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Zhou Qishu , Liang Chunyu , Li Yafei , Yan Yi 
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of one-time high-intensity intermittent exercise in white fat autophagy in obese rats and provide a theoretical basis of the molecular mechanism of exercise fat loss.
Methods Eighteen male 3-weeks-old rats were selected and divided into control group fed with normal diet (C), high-fat diet group fed with high fat diet (H). After 16 weeks, there were twelve obesity rats that divided into diet group (HS) and exercise group (HE). The other six control group rats of 19 weeks age were used as the standard (CS group). OE group did the high intensity intermittent exercise once. The CS group and the CS group were kept quietly. Three groups were taken subcutaneous white adipose tissue(S) and epididymal white adipose tissue (E) immediately after exercise. Mensurate the expression of LC3 gene in the tissue using the fluorescent quantitative PCR.
Results 1. The expression of LC3 mRNA from white fat tissue was different to the tissues, which the expression of epididymal white adipose tissue of each group was higher than that in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (P <0.01). 2. Compared with CS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue increased from HS group (P <0.05). 3. Compared with OS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of subcutaneous white adipose tissue decreased from OS group.
Conclusions The expression of LC3mRNA in epididymal white fat adipose tissue of rats was significantly higher than that of subcutaneous white fat. The changes of LC3mRNA expression of adipose tissue caused by high-fat diet have tissue differences. One-time high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce the expression of LC3mRNA in fat tissue of obese rats. Its regulatory mechanism needs to be further studied.
PO-048 Effects of royal jelly administration on endurance training-induced mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle
Authors: Takahashi Yumiko , Hijikata Kamiyu , Hatta Hideo 
Published: October 2018

Objective In this study, we investigated effect of royal jelly (RJ), which is produced by honey bees to feed to developing larvae and contains various ingredients including protein, carbohydrate, lipids and minerals, on endurance training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle in ICR mice.
Methods Male mice received either RJ (1.0 mg/g body weight) or distilled water for 3 weeks. Mice in the training group performed treadmill running at 20 m/min for 60 min from 30 min after the administration five times a week.
Results We found a significant positive main effects of RJ treatment on the weight of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and gastrocnemius muscle. There was a significant positive main effect of endurance training on the maximum activities of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, which are mitochondrial enzymes, in TA and plantaris muscle (type IIb/IIx dominant), while no significant effect of RJ treatment was found. In soleus muscle (about 40% fiber consistent with type I), the maximum activities of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase were significantly increased by endurance training in the RJ treated group, while no significant effect of endurance training was found in the control group.
Conclusions Our results suggest that RJ treatment had positive effects on the induction of mitochondrial adaptation by endurance training in soleus muscle.
PO-057 Motor Functional Connectivity Analysis of Brain Control Network on High Level Athletes with fMRI Research
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Du Chengbo , Chen Mengjiao , Li Ke , Xue Jiao , Teng Chunhong , Hou Lijuan 
Published: October 2018

Objective The nervous system is the control center that performs the function of the human body, including each nucleus of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, which can control the motion of the body through three pathways-direct pathway, indirect pathway and hyperdirect pathway. Long-term physical exercise can effectively improve the human respiratory and circulatory system function indicators and promote the development of nervous system.In order to discuss the mechanisms of the high level athletes' control of the brain function network and provide the experimental basis for the study of the motor control of the central nervous system, this research collects the activation images of the cortex and basal ganglia nuclei of the ordinary college students and the high level athletes and analyzes the function connection coefficient between the groups.
Methods The subjects were 15 high level athletes and 15 ordinary college students. the changes of the brain structure and DTI fiber in the state of quiet and fatigue were collected by the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Matlab software was used to compare images and data and to calculate the correlation coefficient between the related nuclear groups.
Results (1) Compared with ordinary college students, the functional connectivity coefficient between the left thalamus and the left hippocampus is different in high level athletes (P<0.05). (2) The high level athletes’ functional connectivity in the left premotor area-right premotor area, left premotor area-right striatum, right premotor area-left central buckle in supplementary motor area, right premotor area-right central buckle in supplementary motor area, right premotor area-right striatum and right premotor area-left cerebellum were changed significantly after exercise fatigue (P<0.05).
Conclusions The plasticity of brain function can be affected by long-term exercise training, which depends on sport training level. After exercise fatigue, the network connection system and nerve projection density change between cortical and subcortical nuclei, suggesting that exercise fatigue will change the functional connection between parts of the brain.（NSFC：31401018 SKXJX2014014).
PO-58 The influence of different intensity exercise on DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metabonomic study
Authors: Zhang Xue , Cao Lu , Qi Zhengtang , Ding Shuzhe 
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the influence of high internal intensity exercise and long-term moderate intensity endurance exercise on DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by metabonomics approach, and compare the anti-tumor effect between the different intensity exercise.
Methods From 8 to 26 weeks of age, mice with DEN treatment run on the treadmill at different intensity. NC: injection saline only. DEN: injection DEN only. HIT: treatment DEN, running on the treadmill at 1.5km/h, alternating run 2 minutes and rest 2 minutes for 40 minutes once a day, 5 days a week. ET: treatment DEN, running on the treadmill at o.8 km/h for 40 minutes once a day, 5 days a week. Gas chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC−TOFMS) test liver samples of mice and multi-dimensional statistical methods fond differential metabolites in all group.
Results We observed that tumor incidence was similar between DEN and HIT; however, it was signicicantly smaller in ET compared to DEN and HIT. Orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) model was generated based on identified metabolites and showed clear discrimination from only DEN injection group and endurance exercise group, endurance exercise group and high intensity interval exercise group. Compared to DEN group, the level of galactinol, timonacic, glycine, cholesterol, carbamate and palmitic acid significantly decreased in endurance exercise group. Nevertheless, the level of malonic acid, ornithine and glutamic acid obviously increased in endurance group.
Conclusions Long-term endurance exercise inclines the hepatic tumor incidence by regulating the level of liver palmitic acid and glutamic acid metabolism . In addition, high intensity interval exercise does not have the effect to prevent tumor development.