bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Donors Attending Samarra's General Hospital
Authors: Al-Mahmood Abid , Al-Jubori Athraa 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that affects primarily the liver; it is
caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Cirrhosis and liver cancer are the common complications of
the disease. So identifying prevalence and certain risk factors of the disease will promote preventive
measures for the disease.

Aim and Objectives:
By conducting this study, we will determine the prevalence of hepatitis C
among blood donors who attended Samara General Hospital for donating blood.

Methods:
A descriptive study was conducted on blood donors attending the hospital. The study
was conducted during the period from February 2016 -November 2017. The sample included 850
persons. The demographic information, personal data and results of investigations were obtained
according to a certain designed questionnaire. The subjects’ blood samples were tested to detect
HCV antibodies by ELISA test.

Results:
The prevalence of hepatitis C disease among blood donors in the current study according
to HCV-Ab detection was 20/850 (2.4%) . The positive cases were more prevalent among males,
married, those with previous blood transfusion, previous surgical procedures and those with an
HIV positive spouse.

Conclusion:
HCV infection is more prevalent in certain subjects with certain risk factors such as
blood transfusion, surgical process, infected spouse.
A Hypothetical Link Between Verbal Fluency and Functionality in Aging: A Systematic-Review and Paths for Future Research
Authors: Wajman José R. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Verbal Fluency (VF) tasks are known as multimodal measures clinically
useful for monitoring cognitive decline during the aging process. Considering that the executive
control observed along VF tasks calls for a set of functions directing the behavior toward a general
goal, it may be assumed that there is a correspondence between VF ability and Functional Capacity
(FC).

Methods:
With this assumption in mind, the author aimed at performing a literature research on VF
ability and FC within aging.

Results:
Only four studies whose title/abstract presented the target key-terms, partially fulfilled the
adopted criteria and were selected for discussion. Taken together, these articles attempted to correlate
cognitive material to aspects of functionality, one of which not doing so directly with the elderly
and another with no specific association with VF abilities.

Conclusion:
Theories suggest that VF might be associated with complex executive mechanisms.
Still, a theoretical scheme and controlled researches possibly able to shed light on the underlying
balance among the VF abilities and functionality within aging are as yet, unknown.
The Binding and Viscometric Studies of Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 Ions with Protein by Spectrometric and pH Metric Techniques
Authors: Acharya Shveta , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The metal ions play a vital role in a large number of widely differing
biological processes. Some of these processes are quite specific in their metal ion requirements.
In that only certain metal ions, in specific oxidation states, can full fill the necessary
catalytic or structural requirement, while other processes are much less specific.

Objective:
In this paper we report the binding of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Co (II) with albumin
are reported employing spectrophotometric and pH metric method. In order to distinguish
between ionic and colloidal linking, the binding of metal by using pH metric and viscometric
methods and the result are discussed in terms of electrovalent and coordinate bonding.

Methods:
The binding of Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 ions have been studied with egg protein at
different pH values and temperatures by the spectrometric technique.

Results:
The binding data were found to be pH and temperature dependent. The intrinsic
association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated from
Scatchard plots and found to be at the maximum at lower pH and at lower temperatures.
Therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for
interaction with these metal ions. Statistical effects seem to be more significant at lower
Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 ions concentrations, while at higher concentrations electrostatic effects
and heterogeneity of sites are more significant.

Conclusion:
The pH metric as well as viscometric data provided sufficient evidence about
the linking of cobalt, nickel and manganese ions with the nitrogen groups of albumin.
From the nature and height of curves in the three cases it may be concluded that nickel ions
bound strongly while the cobalt ions bound weakly.
Comparison of Regulatory Requirements for Filing Drug Master File (DMF) in Emerging Markets - China, Brazil & South Korea
Authors: Reddy Kunta N. , Vasantharaju Surenahalli G. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
A DMF consists of confidential information, usually related to Chemistry, Manufacturing
and Control (CMC) of the drug substance. DMF is prepared and submitted by the pharmaceutical
manufacturer solely to the regulatory authority of the respected country where he wants to market.

Objective:
Compare the regulations of the emerging markets with that of a regulated market and to highlight
the stringent requirements imposed by emerging authorities. The similarities and differences of the
requirements for filing a DMF in emerging markets are compared against the regulated market.

Methods:
The method carried out for every single study follows some patterns and certain pathways in
order to reach its target. Method begins with scope and objective of regulatory perspective of DMF filing
requirements for USA, China, Brazil and Korea. The information was collected from Regulatory authorities,
Legislations, Guidelines and Experts opinion.

Results:
Regulatory requirements for filing a DMF for API registration vary from country to country.
Even though a standard ICH-CTD format is available and most widely followed, there are some specific
requirements recommended by drug authorities which are mandatory to be provided while filing to that
particular country.

Conclusion:
Based on the current study it is clear that emerging markets possess more stringent requirements
for API approval as compared to the regulatory market but the dispute is that the emerging markets
do not have harmonized guidelines and are not transparent enough.
Suicides and Suicide Attempts Among Psychiatric Hospital Inpatients in Iran
Authors: Shoja Shafti Saeed , Memarie Alireza , Rezaie Masomeh , Hamidi Masomeh 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Suicidal behavior is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders.
While many believe that, in general, first-episode psychosis is a particularly high-risk period for
suicide, no general agreement regarding higher prevalence of suicide in first-episode psychosis is
achievable.

Objective:
In the present study, suicides and suicide attempts among psychiatric in-patients have
been evaluated to assess the general profile of suicidal behavior among native psychiatric inpatients
and any relationship between serum cholesterol level and suicidal behavior.

Methods:
Five acute academic wards, which have been specified for admission of first episode adult
psychiatric patients, and five acute non-academic wards, which have been specified for admission of
recurrent episode adult psychiatric patients, were selected for the current study. All inpatients with
suicidal behavior (successful suicide and attempted suicide, in total), during the last five years
(2013-2018), were included in the present investigation. Also, the assessment of serum lipids, including
triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, was done ,
for comparing the suicidal subjects with non-suicidal ones.

Results:
Among 19160 psychiatric patients hospitalized in Razi psychiatric hospital during a sixtymonths
period, 63 suicidal behaviors, including one successful suicide and sixty-two suicide attempts,
were recorded by the safety board of hospital. The most frequent mental illness was bipolar
I disorder, which was significantly more prevalent in comparison with other mental disorders
(p<0.04, p<0.02, p<0.007, and p<0.003 in comparison with schizophrenia, depression, personality
disorders and substance abuse, respectively). Self-mutilation, self-poisoning and hanging were the
preferred methods of suicide among 61.11%, 19.44% and 19.44% of cases, respectively. In addition,
no significant difference was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission inpatients,
totally and separately, particularly with respect to psychotic disorders. Besides, with respect to different
components of serum lipids, no specific or significant pattern was evident.

Conclusion:
While in the present study, the suicidal behavior was significantly more evident in
bipolar disorder in comparison with other psychotic or no-psychotic disorders, no significant difference
was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission of psychiatric inpatients.
Moreover, no significant relationship between suicidal behavior and serum lipids was found .
Circulating Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sotomayor Camilo G. , Gomes-Neto António W. , van Londen Marco , Gans Rijk O. B. , Nolte Ilja M. , Berger Stefan P. , Navis Gerjan J. , Rodrigo Ramón , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Bakker Stephan J. L. 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives
In kidney transplant recipients, elevated circulating advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are the result of increased formation and decreased kidney clearance. AGEs trigger several intracellular mechanisms that ultimately yield excess cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that, in stable kidney transplant recipients, circulating AGEs are associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality, and that such a relationship is mediated by inflammatory, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Prospective cohort study of stable kidney transplant recipients recruited between 2001 and 2003 in a university setting. We performed multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses to assess the association of AGEs (i.e., Nε
-[Carboxymethyl]lysine (CML) and Nε
-[Carboxyethyl]lysine (CEL), measured by tandem mass spectrometry) with cardiovascular mortality. Mediation analyses were performed according to Preacher and Hayes’s procedure.

Results
We included 555 kidney transplant recipients (age 51±12 years, 56% men). During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 122 kidney transplant recipients died (52% deaths were due to cardiovascular causes). CML and CEL concentrations were directly associated with cardiovascular mortality (respectively, hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.95; P<0.001; and hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.98; P=0.002), independent of age, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, eGFR and proteinuria. Further adjustments, including cardiovascular history, did not materially change these findings. In mediation analyses, free thiol groups and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 consistently explained approximately 35% of the association of CML and CEL with cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions
In stable kidney transplant recipients, circulating levels of AGEs are independently associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_09_17_CJN00540119.mp3
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF BUSPIRONE USING COPROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: SHARMA SHALLY , SETH NIMRATA , GILL NARESH SINGH 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study aims to formulate and evaluate Fast dissolving tablet of Buspirone, the drug that is used for management of anxiety, by direct compression method using various Super disintegrants.
Methods: Ten formulations (F1-F10) of fast dissolving tablets of Buspirone were prepared by using various Superdisintegrants. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, water absorption, wetting time, and disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study.
Results: Among all the formulations, F10 (containing 5 mg of Coprocessed (CS: SSG 1:2) Superdisintegrants) was considered to be the best formulation, which released up to 98% drug in 20 min as compared to a marketed conventional dosage form which dissolves in approx 60 min. The results of stability study of formulation F10 after a period of two months indicated that the formulation was stable.
Conclusion: It was concluded that a fast-dissolving tablet of Buspirone containing various Superdisintegrants is better and effective to meet patient compliance.
EXPLORING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT DURING A UNIVERSITY HEALTH PROMOTION DAY
Authors: MOUSSE FATHIA , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK ANTHONY 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Stress, depression and anxiety are common, estimated at 19.7% people showing symptoms of these diseases. Although, effective treatment for depression and anxiety is available, they are still under diagnosed and treated to avoid stigma.
The study aims to explore the impact of pharmacist-led health promotion to increase the university local population awareness about stress, the causes and management.
Methods: A questionnaire-based study which included 50 participants aged 18 and over from the University of Wolverhampton.
Results: The findings revealed that stress has an impact on the individuals’ lives, but they understood the effects of stress. The results informed the different factors that cause stress amongst the participants of multiple demographics.
Conclusion: Change is required to improve the mental well-being of the public. This study improved the University of Wolverhampton’s student’s knowledge and awareness of mental health. It provides in-depth knowledge for a future pharmacist to learn about stress management to help patients with more advanced services given in community pharmacies. Expanding knowledge within this area could assist millions of affected people to seek help.
Prevalência de fluorose dentária em adolescentes de escolas municipais da área urbana do município de Pelotas/RS, 2010
Authors: Spohr Andressa Raquel , Menegaz Aryane Marques , Favetti Morgana , Flores Renata Zolin , Horn Tamara , Benetti Tuane , Bighetti Tania Izabel 
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Conhecer prevalência e severidade da fluorose dentária em adolescentes de 12 anos de idade de escolas municipais de Pelotas/RS em 2010.
Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal descritivo, utilizando-se recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, por seis examinadoras treinadas. Selecionou-se amostra aleatória sistemática de alunos das 39 escolas municipais da área urbana. O dente parâmetro para classificação da fluorose foi registrado e, de forma exploratória, foram identificadas exposições a produtos com flúor: tipo de água e quantidade de dentifrício.
Resultados: Foram examinados adolescentes de 32 (86,5%) das 37 escolas que tiveram alunos sorteados, perfazendo o número de 228 (91,2% do total). Não foram observados casos de fluorose moderada ou severa e apenas 2 casos de fluorose leve. As condições que mais prevaleceram foram fluorose questionável (68,4%) e muito leve (21%); sendo os pré-molares superiores os mais afetados, com 122 observações (59,2%). O tipo de água relatada pelos escolares como mais consumida foi a de abastecimento público (75,5%); e a quantidade de dentifrício mais utilizada foi a estimada em 0,75 g ou mais (86%). Não se observou associação estatística entre presença de fluorose dentária e uso de dentifrício em quantidade acima do recomendado.
Conclusão: Verificou-se alta prevalência e baixa severidade de fluorose dentária; situação esperada onde teores de flúor na água de abastecimento público estão dentro dos recomendados, como é o caso de Pelotas. A maior parte dos escolares relatou usar quantidade de dentifrício acima do indicado. Sua contribuição na prevalência de fluorose dentária deve ser investigada por meio de outros delineamentos.
Avaliação da Atividade Antimicrobiana de Dentifrícios Infantis: Estudo In Vitro
Authors: SOUZA-GUGELMIN Maria Cristina Monteiro de , SILVA Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula e , QUEIROZ Alexandra Mussolino de , AMARAL Thais Helena Andreolli do 
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de diferentes dentifrícios utilizados na higiene bucal infantil frente a 16 cepas de S. mutans isoladas da saliva de crianças. Os dentifrícios foram classificados quanto à presença/ concentração de flúor e associação ou não a produtos naturais em: A- fluoreto de sódio- 1100 ppm; B- fluoreto de sódio- 1000 ppm e própolis; C- fluoreto de sódio- 500 ppm; D-fluoreto de sódio 500 ppm e extrato de malva; E- monofluorfosfato de sódio- 0,76%; F- monofluorfosfato de sódio- 1000 ppm; G- aloe-vera/própolis/ complexo cobre-clorofila. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo método da difusão em Agar (técnica do disco). Após o
preparo da suspensão microbiana no padrão 0,5 da escala de McFarland e semeadura por inundação, 20 µl do sobrenadante de cada dentifrício foram pipetados em discos de papel e aplicados sobre o meio de cultura BHIA. Os halos de inibição ao redor dos discos foram medidos e os valores analisados pelo teste de Quade. Os dentifrícios A, B e G inibiram 100% das cepas, revelando ação antimicrobiana significativamente maior que os demais dentifrícios avaliados (p
Excisão cirúrgica de hemangioma labial com laser de Nd: YAG
Authors: KREISNER Paulo Eduardo , VIEGAS Vinicius Nery , PEREIRA Ana Cláudia Lustosa , PAGNONCELLI Rogério Miranda 
Published: September 2019

Hemangiomas são neoplasias benignas de vasos sangüíneos. Na cavidade buical ocorrem com maior prevalência em língua, lábios e mucosa jugal. Os lasers cirúrgicos constituem uma excelente alternativa terapêutica para este tipo de malformação vascular. As propriedades coagulativas e de corte destes lasers permitem procedimentos de excisão cirúrgica dos hemangiomas sem riscos de sangramento, proporcinando melhor padrão cicatricial e aspecto pós-operatório.
O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revista de literatura sobre o uso de lasers cirúrgicos no tratamento de hemangiomas e relatar um caso clínico no qual o laser de Nd: YAG foi utilizado para excisão cirúrgica de hemangioma em lábio inferior.
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms
Authors: Morera-Brenes Bernal , Monge Nájera Julián , Carrera Mora Paola 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charismatic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess their conservation status in Costa Rica (according to data in the UNA Onychophora Database) and compare it with equivalent data from elsewhere. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 species in the map of the Costa Rican Conservation Network. Results: We found that seven species are protected inside Forest Reserves, five in Protected Zones, four in Wildlife Refuges, two in National Parks and one, Principapillatus hitoyensis, in a strictly pristine Biological Reserve. The largest species in the world, Peripatus solorzanoi, occurs both inside a Forest Reserve and in protected private land. Protection inside Costa Rican nature areas is enforced year-round by personnel that includes armed guards and is supported by educational programs in surrounding communities. Twelve species have not been found in protected areas, but in Costa Rica, all biological species, named and unnamed, are protected by law and cannot be legally collected, or exported, without technically issued permits. Conclusion: Like in the only other country with similar information (New Zealand), the conservation of onychophorans seems to be of least concern for at least two thirds of the known Costa Rican species. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recently rediscovered after a century of absence in collections, can be considered Threatened because nearly all of its natural habitat has now been covered by a city.
Altered Motor and Motor Perceptual Cognitive Imagery Task–Related Activation in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights From Functional MRI
Authors: Venkataraman Kavita , Pun Vivian , Mohamed Abdalla Z. , Luo Miyang , Wong Caroline , Zong Fangrong , Khoo Eric Y.H. , Tai E. Shyong , Nasrallah Fatima 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
To compare central nervous system (CNS) activation in patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) during motor and motor imagery tasks and to correlate activation with functional performance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-six participants (13 with DPN, 13 without DPN) underwent functional MRI during three tasks: ankle dorsi plantar flexion (motor task [MT]) and motor imagery tasks of walking on a smooth surface (SMIT) and rough surface (RMIT). Functional assessment included gait analysis, ankle muscle strength, and ankle range of motion.

RESULTS
The tasks activated the sensorimotor, motor preparation, visual processing, and decision-making regions. Activation was significantly lower in patients with DPN than in those without DPN during MT and SMIT but not RMIT. Poor functional performance in patients with DPN was associated with greater activation in motor preparation regions.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with DPN, CNS responses appear muted compared with patients without DPN, but they remain capable of enhancing CNS activation when tasks are more challenging or when functional deficits are substantial.
Objective Tire Footprint Segmentation Assessment from High-Speed Videos
Authors: Nava Rodrigo , Fehr Duc , Petry Frank , Tamisier Thomas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The tire establishes the contact between the vehicle and the road. It transmits all forces and moments to the road via its contact patch or footprint and vice versa. The visual inspection of this contact patch using modern optical equipment and image processing techniques is essential for evaluating tire performance. Quantitative image-based analysis can be useful for accurate determination of tire footprint under various operating conditions. Very frequently, methods used in tire footprint segmentation cannot be assessed quantitatively due to the lack of a reference contact area to which the different algorithms could be compared. In this work, we present a novel methodology to characterize the dynamic tire footprint and evaluate the quality of its segmentation from various video sequences in the absence of a ground truth.
NUREKSAIN KOSABASA SAJERONING BUKU PANGKAJA SARI SMP KELAS IX SANE KANGGEN RING SMP NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA
Authors: Widari Ida Ayu Made Sri , Wirani I.A. Sukma , Rai I B 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan: (1) kesalahan kosakata di buku Pangkaja Sari SMP Kelas IX; (2) pendapat siswa tentang kosakata yang ada dibuku; dan (3) pendapat guru tentang kesalahan kosakata. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kesalahan kosakata yang ada dalam buku Pangkaja Sari SMP Kelas IX. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan: (1) reduksi data; (2) menglompokkan data; (3) memaparkan data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian kesalahan kosakata, antara lain: (1) kesalahan awalan, akhiran dan kata, dan juga kesalahan tata penulisan (2) pendapat siswa tentang kosakata di buku, seperti: kosakatanya sulit dan masih ada yang belum diterjemahkan (3) pendapat guru tentang kesalahan kosakata, seperti: kosakatanya sudah baik, tetapi masih ada kosakata yang belum tepat. Kata kunci: Kesalahan, Kosakata, Buku Pangkaja Sari