bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rechargeable Battery with an Iron Metal Anode
Authors: Wu Xianyong , Markir Aaron , Xu Yunkai , Zhang Chong , Leonard Daniel P. , Shin Woochul , Ji Xiulei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo date, tremendous efforts of the battery community are devoted to batteries that employ Li+, Na+, and K+ as charge carriers and nonaqueous electrolytes. However, aqueous batteries hold great promise for stationary energy storage due to their inherent low cost and high safety. Among metal batteries that use aqueous electrolytes, zinc metal batteries are the focus of attention. In this study, iron as an anode candidate in aqueous batteries is investigated because iron is undoubtedly the most earth‐abundant and cost‐effective metal anode. Reversible iron plating/stripping in a FeSO4 electrolyte is demonstrated on the anode side and reversible topotactic (de)insertion of Fe2+ in a Prussian blue analogue cathode is showcased. Furthermore, it is revealed that LiFePO4 can pair up with the iron metal anode in a hybrid cell, delivering stable performance as well.
Eradicating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria Rapidly Using a Multi Functional g‐C3N4@ Bi2S3 Nanorod Heterojunction with or without Antibiotics
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Xiangmei , Tan Lei , Cui Zhenduo , Jing Doudou , Yang Xianjin , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Zheng Yufeng , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Zheng Dong , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWound infections caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria are hard to treat because of tolerance to existing antibiotics, repeated infection, and concomitant inflammation. Herein, zinc atom–doped g‐C3N4 and Bi2S3 nanorod heterojunctions (CN–Zn/BiS) are investigated for disinfection under near‐infrared light (NIR). The photocatalysis of CN–Zn/BiS is enhanced because of efficient charge separation during the interface electron field and increased oxygen adsorption capacity. Then, 99.2% antibacterial efficiency is shown toward methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 99.6% toward Escherichia coli under 10 min NIR irradiation. Meanwhile, a strategy for the combination of lapsed β‐lactam antibiotics with the photosensitizer CN–Zn/BiS is provided to kill MRSA by NIR without observable resistance, suggesting an approach to solve the problem of bacterial infection with NIR light penetrability and for exploiting new anti‐infection methods. The CN–Zn/BiS nanocomposite can also regulate genes and the inflammatory response through inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS) in vivo to accelerate tissue regeneration and thereby promote wound healing.
Hot Glue Gun Releasing Biocompatible Tissue Adhesive
Authors: Shagan Alona , Zhang Wei , Mehta Manisha , Levi Shira , Kohane Daniel S. , Mizrahi Boaz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTissue bioadhesives are widely used in dermatology, surgery rooms, and in the field. Despite their advantages over sutures and staples, currently available tissue glues are limited by their mechanical properties and toxicity. Here, a new approach is described for wound closure that is based on a biocompatible, low melting point four‐armed N‐hydroxy succinimide‐modified polycaprolactone (star‐PCL‐NHS). Star‐PCL‐NHS is inserted into a hot melt glue gun, melts upon minimal pressure, and is extruded directly onto the wound, where it solidifies, bonding strongly with both edges of the wound. Changes in molecular weight allow control of adhesive strength, melting point, and elasticity properties. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm the biocompatibility of this system. The straightforward synthetic scheme and the simple delivery method, combined with the desirable mechanical properties, tunability, and tissue compatibility, are desirable traits in wound management.
UV‐Curable Silver Electrode for Screen‐Printed Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Choi Hyeongdo , Kim Yong Jun , Song Jinseob , Kim Choong Sun , Lee Gyu Soup , Kim Seongho , Park Jiwon , Yim Se Hwan , Park Sang Hyun , Hwang Hye Rim , Hong Min‐Hee , Veluswamy Pandiyarasan , Cho Byung Jin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFabricating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using the screen‐printing process has advantages, including mass production, device scalability, and system applicability. However, the thick film formed through the process typically has low film density, and reduced performance, because of the presence of pores in the film created by the vaporization of the resin during high‐temperature annealing. During the soldering process used for thermoelectric module fabrication, the printed solder infiltrates into the screen‐printed electrodes through the micropores in the electrodes, causing cracks of the electrode film and an increase in resistivity. In this paper, an ultraviolet radiation (UV)‐curable process for screen‐printed electrodes is reported. The paste for the electrodes is synthesized by mixing Ag flakes that can be cured at low temperature with a UV resin. Scanning electron microscope images show that the UV‐curing process significantly reduces pores and thereby results in a smooth‐surfaced electrode layer. The film density after crystallization is also enhanced. TEGs composed of 72 couples with UV‐curable Ag electrodes generate a high power density of ≈6.69 mW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 25 °C; the device resistance is ≈0.75 Ω, and the figure of merit of the device is recorded to be 0.57, which is the highest among the printed TEGs.
Printing Hydrogels and Elastomers in Arbitrary Sequence with Strong Adhesion
Authors: Yang Hang , Li Chenghai , Yang Meng , Pan Yudong , Yin Qianfeng , Tang Jingda , Qi Hang Jerry , Suo Zhigang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany recently demonstrated devices require the integration of hydrogels and hydrophobic elastomers. Extrusion print is a promising method for rapid prototyping but existing approaches do not fulfill a basic requirement: print integrated structures of a hydrogel and an elastomer, in arbitrary sequence, with strong adhesion. This paper demonstrates an approach to fulfill this requirement. During print, the ink of each material flows through a nozzle under a pressure gradient but retains the shape against gravity and capillarity. During cure, covalent bonds form to link monomer units into polymer chains, crosslink the polymer chains into the polymer networks of the hydrogel and the elastomer, as well as interlink the two polymer networks into an integrated structure. The approach covalently interlinks the hydrogel network and the elastomer network by adding an interlink initiator in one of the inks. An adhesion energy above 5000 J m−2 is demonstrated. Printed morphing structures survive swelling and printed artificial axons survive repeated hits of a hammer. This approach opens a road to the development of soft devices for broad applications in medicine and engineering.
Multilayer Polypyrrole Nanosheets with Self‐Organized Surface Structures for Flexible and Efficient Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Xu , Liu Qingchang , Wu Siyao , Xu Baoxing , Xu Hangxun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConverting solar energy into concentrated heat is very appealing for various applications. Polypyrrole (PPy) is known to possess excellent photothermal property with low thermal conductivity, and thus is an ideal candidate for solar–thermal energy conversion. However, solar–thermal materials based on PPy or other conducting polymers still exhibit limited energy conversion efficiency due to the lack of effective light‐trapping schemes. Here, it is demonstrated that multilayer PPy nanosheets with spontaneously formed surface structures such as wrinkles and ridges via sequential polymerization on paper substrates can dramatically enhance broadband and wide‐angle light absorption across the full solar spectrum, leading to an impressive solar–thermal conversion efficiency of 95.33%. The intriguing solar–thermal properties and structural features of multilayer PPy nanosheets can be used for solar heating and photoactuators. Meanwhile, when used for solar steam generation, the measured efficiency could achieve ≈92% under one sun irradiation. The hierarchically multilayer structure is mechanically flexible and robust, holding great potential for practical solar energy utilization. This study provides a simple and straightforward approach toward engineering light‐weight and thermally insulating polymers into efficient solar–thermal materials for emerging solar energy‐related applications.
Controlling Monomer Feeding Rate to Achieve Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks
Authors: Liu Manying , Jiang Kai , Ding Xing , Wang Shaolei , Zhang Chengxin , Liu Jing , Zhan Zhen , Cheng Guang , Li Buyi , Chen Hao , Jin Shangbin , Tan Bien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of highly crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with ultrastrong covalent bonds (aromatic CN) from the triazine linkage presents a great challenge to synthetic chemists. Herein, the synthesis of highly crystalline CTFs via directly controlling the monomer feeding rate is reported. By tuning the feeding rate of monomers, the crystallization process can be readily governed in a controlled manner in an open system. The sample of CTF‐HUST‐HC1 with abundant exposed {001} crystal facets has the better crystallinity and thus is selected to study the effect of high crystallinity on photoelectric properties. Owing to the better separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and charge transfer, the obtained highly ordered CTF‐HUST‐HC1 has superior performance in the photocatalytic removal of nitric oxide (NO) than its lesser crystalline counterparts and g‐C3N4.
Magnetite/Ceria Nanoparticle Assemblies for Extracorporeal Cleansing of Amyloid‐β in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kim Dokyoon , Kwon Hyek Jin , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides in the brain is regarded as a major contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, development of clinically relevant techniques to reduce Aβ levels in AD patients is hindered by low efficiency and/or side effects. Here, an extracorporeal Aβ cleansing system, where multifunctional magnetite/ceria nanoparticle assemblies are used to remove Aβ peptides from flowing blood by specific capture and magnetic separation, is reported. The magnetite nanoparticles in the nanoassembly core enable the magnetic isolation of the captured Aβ peptides by generating a large attraction force under an external magnetic field. The ceria nanoparticles in the nanoassembly shell relieve oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species that are produced by immune response during the process. Blood Aβ cleansing treatment of 5XFAD transgenic mice not only demonstrates the decreased Aβ levels both in the blood and in the brain but also prevents the spatial working memory deficits, suggesting the potential of the method for AD prevention and therapy.
Electric Bus: A Critical Overview on the Dawn of Its Widespread Uptake
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Meneguzzo Francesco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe battery powered electric bus is the first electric vehicle whose market share in the world's leading industrial economy has surpassed the 80%. Within the next decade (2019–2026), the authors argue, electric buses powered by Li‐ion batteries and hydrogen fuel cells will become ubiquitous across the world, displacing bus and coaches powered by fossil fuels burned in the internal combustion engine. Critically reviewing the economic, health, and environmental benefits of the electric bus, this essay offers an updated outlook in a key area of the global energy transition.
Analyzing the Electronic Coupling in Molecular Crystals—The Instructive Case of α‐Quinacridone
Authors: Winkler Christian , Mayer Florian , Zojer Egbert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present article, an evaluation of different approaches for estimating the electronic coupling and charge‐transport parameters in organic semiconductors is provided. As a testbed for that comparison, the α‐polymorph of quinacridone is chosen. This system is particularly well suited for the purpose, as α‐quinacridone intermolecular interactions in distinct crystallographic directions are dominated by the three mechanisms most relevant in organic semiconductors: π‐stacking, H‐bonding, and van der Waals stacking. Density‐functional theory‐based simulations yield a comparably complex band structure, which provides the means for demonstrating shortcomings of commonly applied approaches. These include the estimation of transport properties based on bandwidths and the calculation of electronic transfer integrals considering molecular dimers. As a particularly promising alternative, the fitting of suitably complex tight‐binding models to the DFT‐calculated bands in the entire Brillouin zone is proposed. These fits bear the advantage of directly producing intermolecular coupling constants for all relevant neighboring molecules as input parameters for hopping and dynamic disorder models. They also yield an analytic expression for the electronic bands. These allow the extraction of parameters relevant for band‐transport models (like group velocities and effective masses) in the entire Brillouin zone.
Tunable Wood by Reversible Interlocking and Bioinspired Mechanical Gradients
Authors: Frey Marion , Biffi Giulia , Adobes‐Vidal Maria , Zirkelbach Meri , Wang Yaru , Tu Kunkun , Hirt Ann M. , Masania Kunal , Burgert Ingo , Keplinger Tobias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElegant design principles in biological materials such as stiffness gradients or sophisticated interfaces provide ingenious solutions for an efficient improvement of their mechanical properties. When materials such as wood are directly used in high‐performance applications, it is not possible to entirely profit from these optimizations because stiffness alterations and fiber alignment of the natural material are not designed for the desired application. In this work, wood is turned into a versatile engineering material by incorporating mechanical gradients and by locally adapting the fiber alignment, using a shaping mechanism enabled by reversible interlocks between wood cells. Delignification of the renewable resource wood, a subsequent topographic stacking of the cellulosic scaffolds, and a final densification allow fabrication of desired 3D shapes with tunable fiber architecture. Additionally, prior functionalization of the cellulose scaffolds allows for obtaining tunable functionality combined with mechanical gradients. Locally controllable elastic moduli between 5 and 35 GPa are obtained, inspired by the ability of trees to tailor their macro‐ and micro‐structure. The versatility of this approach has significant relevance in the emerging field of high‐performance materials from renewable resources.
Electrochromic Properties of Nanostructured WO3 Thin Films Deposited by Glancing‐Angle Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Meihan , Chen Yun , Gao Bowen , Lei Hao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTungsten oxide thin films are prepared by glancing‐angle reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The surface and cross‐section morphologies are characterized by FE‐SEM and TEM. The electrochromic properties of the thin films are studied using a three‐electrode system in 1 m LiClO4/PC solution. When the glancing angle is kept at 80°, a nanocolumnar structured film is obtained. This nanocolumnar structured film shows a lower driving potential and better stability compared to the dense film. The charge capacity per unit area of the nanocolumnar structured film is determined to be 30.85 mc cm−2. The diffusion rates of injection and detachment of ions are determined to be Din = 6.57 × 10−10 cm2 s−1 and Dde = 6.55 × 10−10 cm2 s−1 under an applied potential of ±1.2 V, respectively. The optical modulation amplitude of the nanocolumnar structured film reaches 65% at a wavelength of 600 nm and the optical density is superior to that of the dense film.
Designed Memristor Circuit for Self‐Limited Analog Switching and its Application to a Memristive Neural Network
Authors: Song Hanchan , Kim Young Seok , Park Juseong , Kim Kyung Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalog memristors enable compact neuromorphic computing with low power consumption. One of the issues with the technology is slow precise analog data programming. In this study, a novel analog data programming method utilizing a self‐limited set switching is proposed. The method can transfer any resistance values from reference resistors to the target memristor accurately inside a crossbar array by performing an appropriate voltage clocking. An ideal memristor model based on the method is proposed and a Ti‐doped NbOx charge trap memristor is evaluated as a promising candidate for applications. The characteristic error of the Ti‐doped NbOx memristor device is about 5% on average, compared to the ideal memristor, and configuring optimum parallel resistors in the circuit further improves this to 2.95%. The method is then applied to program a memristive neural network and this error is confirmed negligible; thus the proposed method is viable.
Dynamic PCBM:Dimer Population in Solar Cells under Light and Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Pont Sebastian , Durrant James R. , Cabral João T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotoinduced dimerization of phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) has a significant impact on the stability of polymer:PCBM organic solar cells (OSCs). This reaction is reversible, as dimers can be thermally decomposed at sufficiently elevated temperatures and both photodimerization and decomposition are temperature dependent. In operando conditions of OSCs evidently involve exposure to both light and heat, following periodic diurnal and seasonal profiles. In this work, the kinetics of dimer formation and decomposition are examined and quantified as a function of temperature, light intensity, blend composition, and time. The activation energy for photodimerization is estimated to be 0.021(3) eV, considerably smaller than that for decomposition (0.96 eV). The findings are benchmarked with a variety of conjugated polymer matrices to propose a descriptive dynamic model of PCBM:dimer population in OSCs, and a framework is proposed to rationalize its interplay with morphology evolution and charge quenching. The model and parameters enable the prediction of the dynamic and long‐term PCBM:dimer populations, under variable temperature and light conditions, which impact the morphological stability of OSCs.
The utility of prognostic indices, early events, and histological subtypes on predicting outcomes in non‐follicular indolent B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Tracy Sean I. , Larson Melissa C. , Feldman Andrew L. , Maurer Matthew J. , Novak Anne J. , Slager Susan L. , Villasboas Jose C. , Allmer Cristine , Habermann Thomas M. , Farooq Umar , Syrbu Sergei , Cerhan James R. , Link Brian K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIndolent B‐cell lymphomas other than follicular lymphoma account for up to 10% of all B‐cell neoplasms. While they typically follow a slowly progressive course, some patients experience rapid progression and early mortality. Prognostic scoring systems have not been adopted, hindering the ability of clinicians or researchers to predict outcomes, or risk‐stratify patients during clinical trials. To address this, we evaluated the utility of existing prognostic indices and novel, early disease‐related outcomes, to predict subsequent long term survival. Baseline characteristics and outcomes data were generated from a longitudinal cohort study that prospectively enrolled 632 patients newly diagnosed with marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, or B‐cell lymphomas not otherwise specified, beginning in 2002. The International Prognostic Index (IPI), Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI), and MALT International prognostic index (MALT‐IPI) demonstrated c‐statistics that ranged from 0.593‐0.612 for event‐free survival (EFS), and 0.683‐0.714 for overall survival (OS). Patients who attained event‐free survival at 12 months (EFS12) experienced similar mortality to the US general population (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 1.19; 95% CI 0.95‐1.46). Patients who did not attain EFS12 had subsequent worse morality (SMR 3.14 (95% CI 2.05‐4.59). The MALT‐IPI demonstrated utility in predicting subsequent long‐term outcomes among patients with non‐follicular indolent B‐cell lymphomas. This index should be used by clinicians giving guidance to patients at the time of initial diagnosis, and risk stratification during clinical studies. The divergent long‐term outcomes experienced by patients who do or do not attain EFS12 suggest there exists a subset of patients who harbor high‐risk disease. Future research efforts should focus on methods to identify these patients at the time of diagnosis, in order to enable risk‐tailored therapy.
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl‐Based Reagents for Direct Trifluoromethylthiolation through Deoxygenative Reduction
Authors: Lin Ya‐Mei , Jiang Lv.‐Qi , Yi Wen‐Bin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe introduction of a trifluoromethylthio (−SCF3) group is of great importance owing to the high electron‐withdrawing effect and high lipophilicity of this group. Classical strategies for the formation of trifluoromethylthiolated compounds include indirect and direct routes using toxic or unstable reagents. More recently, some easy‐to‐handle and shelf‐stable reagents have been used for direct trifluoromethylthiolation reactions with high efficiency. Among them, SO2CF3‐based reagents such as CF3SO2Na and CF3SO2Cl are commercially available and stable chemicals, and open a new and efficient pathway for the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated compounds. This review summarizes the recent developments of direct trifluoromethylthiolations through deoxygenative reduction from SO2CF3‐based reagents.
Installation of O‐Heterocycles to N‐Heteroarenes via an Et3B/O2‐Mediated Radical Reaction of α‐Alkoxy and α‐Alkoxyacyl Tellurides
Authors: Kuwana Daiki , Ovadia Benjamin , Kamimura Daigo , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report a radical‐based method that links highly oxygenated O‐heterocycles and N‐heteroarenes. Treatment of α‐alkoxy or α‐alkoxyacyl tellurides with Et3B under air at room temperature generated α‐alkoxy carbon radicals, which were then added to protonated N‐heteroarenes. Regeneration of aromaticity proceeded in situ without an additional oxidant, leading to O‐heterocycle‐functionalized N‐heteroarenes. The present method enables the formation of hindered C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds between five O‐heterocycles and five N‐heteroarenes under mild conditions.
Unveiling the Layer‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of PtSe2 Atomic Crystals for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Dake , Zhao Tianqi , Ping Xiaofan , Zheng Husong , Xing Lei , Liu Xiaozhi , Zheng Jingying , Sun Lifei , Gu Lin , Tao Chenggang , Wang Dong , Jiao Liying 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) PtSe2 shows the most prominent layer‐dependent electrical properties among various 2D materials and high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and therefore, it is an ideal material for exploring the structure–activity correlations in 2D systems. Here, starting with the synthesis of single‐crystalline 2D PtSe2 with a controlled number of layers and probing the HER catalytic activity of individual flakes in micro electrochemical cells, we investigated the layer‐dependent HER catalytic activity of 2D PtSe2 from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. We clearly demonstrated how the number of layers affects the number of active sites, the electronic structures, and electrical properties of 2D PtSe2 flakes and thus alters their catalytic performance for HER. Our results also highlight the importance of efficient electron transfer in achieving optimum activity for ultrathin electrocatalysts. Our studies greatly enrich our understanding of the structure–activity correlations for 2D catalysts and provide new insight for the design and synthesis of ultrathin catalysts with high activity.