bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of progesterone receptors (PR‐A and PR‐B) expression as predictors for relapse after successful therapy of endometrial hyperplasia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sletten ET , Arnes M , Lyså LM , Larsen M , Ørbo A 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveAfter successful progestin therapy for endometrial hyperplasia (EH), the risk of relapse remains. We aimed to assess if immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of progesterone receptor isoforms, PR‐A and PR‐B, in endometrial glands and stroma in pre‐treatment endometrial biopsies was related to relapse of EH.Design and settingBiopsy material originated from women with low‐risk and medium‐risk EH recruited to a recent Norwegian multicentre randomised trial. Participants (n = 153) had been treated for 6 months with three different progestin regimens.PopulationOne hundred and thirty‐five of the 153 women achieved therapy response and underwent follow up for 24 months after therapy withdrawal. Fifty‐five women relapsed during follow up. Pre‐treatment endometrial biopsies from 94 of the 135 responding women were available for IHC staining.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was performed separately for PR‐A and PR‐B and IHC expression was evaluated in endometrial glands and stroma by a histological score (H‐score) using light microscopy.Main outcome measureImmunohistochemical expression of PR‐A and PR‐B in endometrial glands and stroma in women with or without relapse of EH.ResultsLow PR‐A in endometrial glands (P = 0.013) and stroma (P < 0.001), and high PR‐B in endometrial glands (P = 0.001) in pre‐treatment endometrial biopsy have a statistically significant association with relapse of EH. Women with a pre‐treatment ratio of PR‐A:PR‐B ≤ 1 have a higher risk of relapse (71%) compared with women with a ratio of PR‐A:PR‐B > 1 (19%; P < 0.001).ConclusionImmunohistochemical expression of PR‐A and PR‐B in pre‐treatment endometrial biopsy proves valuable as a predictor of relapse in EH.Tweetable abstractPre‐treatment endometrial expression of PR‐A and PR‐B is a valuable predictor of relapse in endometrial hyperplasia.
Co‐Encapsulation of EGCG and Quercetin in Liposomes for Optimum Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chen Weijun , Zou Mingming , Ma Xiaobin , Lv Ruiling , Ding Tian , Liu Donghong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough different delivery systems have been developed to overcome the limits of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and quercetin in food application, none have referred to their simultaneous encapsulation. In this study, these two polyphenols were successfully co‐loaded into liposomes. Under the optimal conditions (lecithin‐total polyphenols ratio 25:1, lecithin‐cholesterol ratio 6:1, lecithin‐Tween 80 ratio 8:1 and ultrasonic time 2 min), the mean size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of liposomes were 111.10 ± 0.52 nm, 0.259 ± 0.006 and –19.83 ± 0.45 mV, with an encapsulation efficiency of 64.05 ± 1.56% and 61.73 ± 2.55% for EGCG and quercetin, respectively. After 30‐day storage, an increase of 4.05% was observed in the mean size with no significant change (P ≥ 0.05) in the PDI and zeta potential. Moreover, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay revealed a synergistic antioxidant effect of the two compounds in liposomal system. These results demonstrated that co‐encapsulation of EGCG and quercetin enhances their effectiveness.Practical ApplicationEGCG and quercetin are natural polyphenols abound in the human diet with diverse biological activities. These two polyphenols were successfully co‐encapsulated into a homogeneous and stable liposomal system. Interestingly, a synergistic antioxidant effect of the two polyphenols was observed due to co‐encapsulation. This indicated that the simultaneous delivery of EGCG and quercetin was an attractive approach to improve their functionality for expanding their application in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Reversal of mivacurium‐induced neuromuscular blockade with a cholinesterase inhibitor: A systematic review
Authors: Brinch Joakim Holger Waage , Söderström Carl Martin , Gätke Mona Ring , Madsen Matias Vested 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundMivacurium is a short‐acting non‐depolarizing muscle relaxant, which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase. The neuromuscular block (NMB) can be antagonized with cholinesterase inhibitors (CHEI), but the short duration of action of mivacurium questions the need. This systematic review evaluated if the use of CHEIs (neostigmine, pyridostigmine or edrophonium) facilitates reversal of mivacurium‐induced NMB.MethodRandomized controlled trials and crossover‐studies comparing spontaneous recovery with CHEI reversal in patients with mivacurium‐induced NMB, assessed with quantitative neuromuscular monitoring, were included. Mean time from injection of the CHEI or allowing of spontaneous recovery to an endpoint representing full recovery was used as outcome. First response to train‐of‐four nerve stimulation (T1) described the level of NMB for administration of the CHEI. Moderate NMB refers to T1 ≥ 5% and deeper NMB refers to T1 < 5%. Systematic critical appraisal was performed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines. Overall quality assessment was done using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsSixteen studies with data from 546 patients were included. Low quality of evidence was found that neostigmine and edrophonium administered at moderate NMB accelerated recovery with up to approximately 5.5‐6.5 and 6.5‐9.0 minutes, respectively. At deeper NMB only edrophonium accelerated recovery. The effect of neostigmine was not clarified at deeper mivacurium‐induced NMB. No studies with reversal by pyridostigmine were identified.ConclusionLow quality of evidence supports that neostigmine and edrophonium accelerate the recovery of mivacurium‐induced NMB with 5‐6.5 and 6‐9.0 minutes respectively, when administered at moderate NMB. At deeper NMB only edrophonium accelerated the recovery.
Drug use and hazardous drinking are associated with PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters in US Army Reserve/National Guard Soldiers
Authors: Homish Gregory G. , Hoopsick Rachel A. , Heavey Sarah Cercone , Homish D. Lynn , Cornelius Jack R. 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesThere is strong evidence of the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use. Previous work has found sex differences in these associations. With revisions to the DSM, it is important to understand how overall PTSD symptoms and the new symptom clusters relate to substance use among Reserve/Guard soldiers—a high risk group.MethodsData are from the baseline assessment of Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers and Families Excelling Through the Years), a longitudinal study of US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers (N = 389 males, N = 84 females). We examined associations between current substance use (drug use, hazardous drinking, and smoking) and overall PTSD symptoms, and symptom clusters. Additionally, we examined PTSD by sex interactions.ResultsGreater overall PTSD symptoms were associated with higher odds of drug use (OR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.12) and hazardous drinking (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.07). Greater individual symptom cluster scores were associated with higher odds of drug use (ps < .001) and hazardous drinking (ps < .01). Interaction models revealed no differences in these associations on the basis sex (ps > .05). There were no associations between PTSD symptoms or symptom clusters on smoking (ps > .05).Discussion and ConclusionSoldiers experiencing PTSD symptoms are reporting current drug and hazardous alcohol use, suggestive of self‐medication.Scientific SignificanceIt is imperative to consider the impact of PTSD on substance use broadly, as this work shows that overall symptoms and symptom clusters have an impact on male and female USAR/NG soldiers. (Am J Addict 2019;28:22–28)
Vulval Crohn disease: A case series of 26 patients
Authors: Forward Emily , Reid Nianda , Fischer Gayle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVulval Crohn disease is rare and likely under‐reported, leading to difficulty in diagnosis and delay in treatment. In this case series, we report the clinical features and discuss therapy in 26 consecutive patients with vulval Crohn disease, with or without documented gastrointestinal disease, presenting between January 2016 and July 2018. We highlight the need for treatment that is in some cases more aggressive than the requirement to manage the patient's gastrointestinal involvement.
Norms versus Action: Why Voters Fail to Sanction Malfeasance in Brazil
Authors: Boas Taylor C. , Hidalgo F. Daniel , Melo Marcus André 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that Brazilian voters strongly sanction malfeasant mayors when presented with hypothetical scenarios but take no action when given the same information about their own mayor. Partnering with the State Accounts Court of Pernambuco, we conducted a field experiment during the 2016 municipal elections in which the treatment group received information about official wrongdoing by their mayor. The treatment has no effect on self‐reported voting behavior after the election, yet when informing about malfeasance in the context of a vignette experiment, we are able to replicate the strong negative effect found in prior studies. We argue that voters' behavior in the abstract reflects the comparatively strong norm against corruption in Brazil. Yet on Election Day, their behavior is constrained by factors such as attitudes toward local political dynasties and the greater salience of more pressing concerns like employment and health services.
Letter: the relationship between diet, mood and mucosal healing in coeliac disease remains to be verified
Authors: Zeng Jian , Gan Hua‐Tian 
Published: December 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Ludvigsson and Emilsson papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15055.
Editorial: comorbidities, concomitant medications, and potential drug‐drug interactions with interferon‐free direct‐acting anti‐viral agents in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Kawabe Naoto , Hashimoto Senju , Yoshioka Kentaro 
Published: December 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liu et al and Kao and Liu papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15011 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15065.
Letter: the relationship between diet, mood and mucosal healing in coeliac disease remains to be verified—authors' reply
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Emilsson Louise 
Published: December 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Zeng et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15041.
Editorial: comorbidities, concomitant medications and potential drug‐drug interactions with interferon‐free direct‐acting anti‐viral agents in chronic hepatitis C – authors’ reply
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: December 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liu et al and Kawabe et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15011 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15051.
Making hidden spaces visible: Using drawing as a method to illuminate new geographies
Authors: Antona Laura 
Published: December 2018

In recent years there has been a growing body of scholarship on the use of alternative research methods in Geography, and the social sciences more broadly, as well as ongoing interest in the connections between Geography and art. There has been much less attention, however, given to how drawing might be used practically or productively as a method, and to how it might allow geographers to reach or see places they couldn't otherwise. Although many researchers advocate conducting interviews and research in situ, thinking about the importance of location, there are times when entering a specific space is not possible. This paper details how the practice of drawing enabled me to make spaces that I wasn't able to visit as an ethnographic researcher, spaces that I felt were largely invisible to me, visible. While conducting fieldwork in a shelter for migrant domestic workers who had fled from their employers in Singapore, I used drawing as a way to shed a new light on the homes in which they had been working and to understand their everyday lives and experiences within them. This method made visible the living and working environments of women who had experienced employment abuse, as well as physical and sexual violence, while maintaining their anonymity and confidentiality, from a space of (relative) safety.
The role of in‐group norms and group status in children's and adolescents’ decisions to rectify resource inequalities
Authors: McGuire Luke , Elenbaas Laura , Killen Melanie , Rutland Adam 
Published: December 2018

Children's and adolescents’ resource allocation was examined in a context of inequality between schools and a peer group norm of either equality or equity. Participants (N = 257; children, 7–11 years old and adolescents, 13–16 years old) were inducted into groups with either a lot (advantaged) or few (disadvantaged) art resources, in the context of an art competition. Participants were prescribed an equality (equal distribution) or equity (more resources for disadvantaged groups) norm, before allocating resources between groups. Adolescents, but not children, allocated significantly more resources to their disadvantaged in‐group than they did to a disadvantaged out‐group, particularly when prescribed an in‐group norm of equity. Participants who rectified the inequality referred to the unfair nature of the initial disparity. The findings revealed an important developmental shift between middle childhood and early adolescence regarding the influence of group status and norms on intergroup resource allocation in a competitive context.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Children have the capacity to challenge intergroup resource allocation inequalities.

Peer group norms can guide resource allocation in situations where inequality is not made salient.

What does this study add?

A peer group equity norm can guide adolescents to rectify an intergroup inequality.

Relative peer group advantage plays an increasingly important role in adolescence.

For children, maintaining equality can supersede adherence to a peer group norm.
The nature of the association between number line and mathematical performance: An international twin study
Authors: Tosto Maria Grazia , Garon‐Carrier Gabrielle , Gross Susan , Petrill Stephen A. , Malykh Sergey , Malki Karim , Hart Sara A. , Thompson Lee , Karadaghi Rezhaw L. , Yakovlev Nikita , Tikhomirova Tatiana , Opfer John E. , Mazzocco Michèle M. M. , Dionne Ginette , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Kovas Yulia 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe number line task assesses the ability to estimate numerical magnitudes. People vary greatly in this ability, and this variability has been previously associated with mathematical skills. However, the sources of individual differences in number line estimation and its association with mathematics are not fully understood.AimsThis large‐scale genetically sensitive study uses a twin design to estimate the magnitude of the effects of genes and environments on: (1) individual variation in number line estimation and (2) the covariation of number line estimation with mathematics.SamplesWe used over 3,000 8‐ to 16‐year‐old twins from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Russia, and a sample of 1,456 8‐ to 18‐year‐old singleton Russian students.MethodsTwins were assessed on: (1) estimation of numerical magnitudes using a number line task and (2) two mathematics components: fluency and problem‐solving.ResultsResults suggest that environments largely drive individual differences in number line estimation. Both genes and environments contribute to different extents to the number line estimation and mathematics correlation, depending on the sample and mathematics component.ConclusionsTaken together, the results suggest that in more heterogeneous school settings, environments may be more important in driving variation in number line estimation and its association with mathematics, whereas in more homogeneous school settings, genetic effects drive the covariation between number line estimation and mathematics. These results are discussed in the light of development and educational settings.
Poor understanding of evolutionary theory is a barrier to effective conservation management
Authors: Cook Carly N. , Sgrò Carla M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite increasing recognition that integrating evolutionary theory into conservation decisions can achieve better long‐term outcomes, there has been little progress adapting management strategies. A commonly hypothesized barrier to better integration is poor understanding of evolutionary biology among conservation practitioners. To assess this claim, we surveyed conservation practitioners to determine their understanding of evolutionary concepts. We found that most practitioners had a good understanding of general concepts (evolution and genetic diversity), but a much poorer understanding of other relevant concepts. These findings suggest that knowledge is limiting the ability of conservation practitioners to effectively manage evolutionary processes. Encouragingly, practitioners educated in evolutionary biology and population genetics had a better understanding, suggesting focused training is important. However, better integration of evolutionary theory will require that evolutionary biologists develop a culture of knowledge exchange, actively engaging practitioners to improve management. Otherwise, our findings suggest it is unlikely practitioners will be able to adapt their practices.
The ability of three nickel–titanium mechanized systems to negotiate and shape MB2 canals in extracted maxillary first molars: a micro‐computed tomographic study
Authors: Camargo E. J. , Duarte M. A. H. , Marques V. A. S. , Só M. V. R. , Duque J. A. , Alcalde M. P. , Vivan R. R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of three engine‐driven NiTi file systems manufactured from different NiTi alloys for the preparation of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals in extracted maxillary first molars using a micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) scanner.MethodologyThirty maxillary molars with two canals in the mesiobuccal root were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): Reciproc [REC; size 25, .08 taper; VDW, Munich, Germany], ProDesign R [PDR; size 25, .06 taper; Easy, Belo Horizonte, Brazil] and Mtwo [MO; size 25, .06 taper; VDW, Munich, Germany]. Before and after root canal preparation of the MB2 canal, the teeth were scanned using a micro‐CT to evaluate canal transportation, centring ability, dentine thickness and volume change. The working time to achieve working length was also evaluated. All parameters were compared statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn test for multiple comparisons, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThere was no significant difference amongst the groups regarding canal transportation and centring ability (P > 0.05). However, the PDR size 25, .06 taper group had significantly lower canal volume and volume of dentine removal compared with a MO size 25, .06 taper and REC size 25, .08 taper (P < 0.05). A root perforation was detected in MO size 25, .06 taper and REC size 25, .08 taper groups, respectively. Regarding the working time, the PDR size 25, .06 taper required a significantly longer time to achieve working length than MO size 25, .06 taper and REC size 25, .08 taper (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAll NiTi systems had similar canal transportation, centring ability and increase in apical volume after preparation of MB2 canals. However, the PDR size 25, .06 taper had less volume of dentine removal, absence of root canal perforation and required a longer time to accomplish the root canal preparation.
Juggling between ex‐ante and ex‐post audit in Greece: A difficult transition to a new era
Authors: Kontogeorga Georgia N. 
Published: December 2018

Supreme audit institutions (SAIs) contribute decisively to the quality and efficiency of financial management in each country. Over the last few years, SAIs have adopted new approaches to government auditing, which has led to a fundamental change of the public finances control model.However, the Hellenic Court of Audit still follows a traditional model of preventive audit in almost all transactions of public entities without parallel performance audit. This paper looks at which audits are deemed effective by auditors and auditees. The research result shows that both categories converge on the view that the existing system needs to be modernized, despite difficulties that seem to delay progress. This article will be relevant to other SAIs that are in a transitional period.
Early development of the Australia and New Zealand Musculoskeletal Clinical Trials Network
Authors: Buchbinder Rachelle , Bourne Allison , Latimer Jane , Harris Ian , Whittle Samuel L. , Richards Bethan , Taylor William J. , Clavisi Ornella , Green Sally , Hinman Rana S. , March Lyn , Day Richard , Ferreira Manuela L. , Billot Laurent , Maher Chris G. ,   on behalf of the ANZMUSC Clinical Trial Network
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Australia and New Zealand Musculoskeletal (ANZMUSC) Clinical Trials Network was formed to build capacity and infrastructure for high‐quality musculoskeletal clinical trials in our region. The purpose of this paper is to describe the steps taken in its formation to help others interested in establishing similar networks. In particular, we describe the steps taken to form the collaboration and our progress in achieving our vision and mission. Our aim is to focus on trials of highest importance and quality to provide definitive answers to the most pressing questions in our field.
Assessment, incidence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in older Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Smith Kate , Sutherland Ailsa , Hyde Zoë , Crawford Ruth , Dwyer Anna , Malay Roslyn , Skeaf Linda , Flicker Leon , Atkinson David , LoGiudice Dina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about urinary incontinence in older Aboriginal Australians.AimTo describe urinary incontinence assessment, prevalence, incidence and associated conditions in older Aboriginal Australians.MethodsWave 1 consisted of 363 Aboriginal participants aged ≥45 years from Western Australia; 289 participants participated in Wave 2, with 184 included at both time points. Urinary incontinence was assessed by self‐report, family report and the modified International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ). We investigated factors associated with incontinence with binary logistic regression. Sensitivity and specificity analyses of incontinence measures were undertaken using the ICIQ score ≥2 as the reference standard.ResultsParticipant mean age was 61.2 ± 11.2 years. Prevalence of incontinence at Wave 2 (n = 289) using self‐report was 24.6%; using ICIQ ≥2 was 22.5%; and family report 14.2%. Incidence after follow‐up of 6.7 years was 33 (23.6%), higher than estimates of 5–20% in other populations. Cross‐sectional associations with incontinence include female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 6.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98–15.57), stroke (OR = 3.55; 95% CI 1.43–8.77), head injury (OR = 3.15; 95% CI 1.54–6.45) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.14). Longitudinal associations were age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.09) and female sex (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 0.99–5.67). Sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (93.5%) of self‐report were high.ConclusionThe prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence in Aboriginal Australians is high with risk factors of older age and female sex. The modified ICIQ and self‐report appear to be appropriate incontinence screens. Further research to understand causes and treatments within this population is urgently required.