bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient preparation of nanoscale zero‐valent iron by high gravity technology for enhanced Cr(VI) removal
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Meng , Wang Dan , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Wang Jie‐Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOwing to its strong reducibility capacity, nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) can be widely used in the treatment of wastewater. In this study, nZVI particles with an average size of 14 nm were continuously prepared using a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor with stainless wire mesh packing. The effects of the surfactant type and the rotating speed of the RPB reactor on the particle size of nZVI were investigated. The results indicated that the average particle size could be notably reduced with the proper addition of PVP in the preparation process. Meanwhile, the particle size could be further decreased by increasing the rotating speed of the RPB. Compared to a stirred tank reactor (STR), the RPB reactor had nZVI with a smaller particle size and a much shorter reaction time. The as‐prepared nZVI was further employed to remove Cr(VI) in the simulated sewage. The results indicated that lower pH, higher nZVI dosage, and higher temperature were beneficial to the efficient removal of Cr(VI). The removal process of Cr(VI) well conformed to a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies showed that the reduction of Cr(VI) by nZVI was a spontaneous endothermic reaction process with increased entropy. In addition, nZVI prepared in the RPB displayed higher removal efficiency than the counterpart in the STR, and the removal rate was greatly increased by 17.4 times.
Numerical simulation of bubbling fluidization using a local bubble‐structure‐dependent drag model
Authors: Du Shaohua , Liu Lijun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe meso‐scale flow structure in gas‐solid bubbling fluidization has significant effects on hydrodynamics and interphase heat and mass transfer. However, traditional homogeneous drag models neglect the meso‐scale structure and fail to yield a reasonable prediction of the hydrodynamics in bubbling fluidization. In this study, the gas‐solid system within a grid cell combines three subsystems in order to take the meso‐scale structure into account. Based on this resolution, a local bubble‐structure‐dependent drag model is established. In addition, a homogeneous interphase drag correlation based on direct numerical simulation is coupled with the novel drag model to describe the interphase interaction when the flow structure is homogeneous. Then, the proposed drag model is incorporated into two fluid models to simulate the hydrodynamics in bubbling fluidization with Geldart A and A/B particles. The predicted profiles of the time‐averaged solid volume fraction are compared with experimental data to validate the effectiveness of the novel drag model. The results show that the average relative error of the solid volume fraction is reduced from over 30 to ∼10 % by replacing homogeneous drag models with the novel drag model.
Slurryability and combustion characteristics of coal‐coking wastewater‐slurry
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Jian‐Zhong , Chen Cong , Cheng Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe slurryability, rheological properties, stability, and combustion characteristics of coal water slurry (CWS), made from coking wastewater (CW), deionized water, and Shenhua coal were experimentally studied. Results showed that the solid concentration of coal‐coking wastewater‐slurry (CCWS) could be higher than 60.5 %, which is 0.5–1.5 % lower than that of coal water slurry (CWS). However, the pseudoplastic behaviour of CCWS was greatly evident. The dispersion effects of NNO and NDF were excellent. The stability of CCWS is better than CWS. Moreover, CCWS had lower ignition temperature and burnout temperature, higher combustion characteristic parameters, such as combustion characteristic index S and ignition stability index Rw, and better performance in combustion than CWS. The application of CW for the production of coal water slurry demonstrated the resource utilization of wastewater and improved the combustion characteristic.
Simple Estimates for Eutectic Behavior
Authors: Pyykkö Pekka 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA simple formula is derived for the eutectic point of an A–B system in terms of the monomer melting points and melting enthalpies. This estimate is tested on several non‐ionic or ionic systems, with or without common ions, including choline chloride/urea mixtures. The results are compared with the Schröder‐van Laar equation.
Recent Developments in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Hydrogels as Photocatalysts
Authors: Hu Chechia , Lin Yan‐Ru , Yang Hung‐Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolar‐driven photocatalysis with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is considered to be the most promising approach for the generation of H2 from water, the degradation of organic pollutants, and the reduction of CO2. However, bulk g‐C3N4 exhibits several drawbacks, such as a low specific surface area, high defect density, and fast charge recombination, which result in low photocatalytic performance. The construction of 3D porous hydrogels for g‐C3N4 through nanostructural engineering is a rapid, feasible, and cost‐effective technique to improve the adsorption capability, stability, and separability of the hydrogel composite; to increase the number of active sites; and to create an internal conductive path for facile charge transfer and high photocatalytic activity. This minireview summarizes recent progress in photocatalytic water splitting and dye degradation by using g‐C3N4‐based hydrogels, with respect to state‐of‐the‐art methods for synthesis, preparation, modification, and multicomponent coupling. Furthermore, comprehensive outlooks, future challenges, and concluding remarks regarding the use of g‐C3N4‐based hydrogels as highly efficient photocatalysts are presented.
High genomic diversity and candidate genes under selection associated with range expansion in eastern coyote (Canis latrans) populations
Authors: Heppenheimer Elizabeth , Brzeski Kristin E. , Hinton Joseph W. , Patterson Brent R. , Rutledge Linda Y. , DeCandia Alexandra L. , Wheeldon Tyler , Fain Steven R. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Kays Roland , White Bradley N. , Chamberlain Michael J. , vonHoldt Bridgett M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRange expansion is a widespread biological process, with well‐described theoretical expectations associated with the colonization of novel ranges. However, comparatively few empirical studies address the genomic outcomes accompanying the genome‐wide consequences associated with the range expansion process, particularly in recent or ongoing expansions. Here, we assess two recent and distinct eastward expansion fronts of a highly mobile carnivore, the coyote (Canis latrans), to investigate patterns of genomic diversity and identify variants that may have been under selection during range expansion. Using a restriction‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), we genotyped 394 coyotes at 22,935 SNPs and found that overall population structure corresponded to their 19th century historical range and two distinct populations that expanded during the 20th century. Counter to theoretical expectations for populations to bottleneck during range expansions, we observed minimal evidence for decreased genomic diversity across coyotes sampled along either expansion front, which is likely due to hybridization with other Canis species. Furthermore, we identified 12 SNPs, located either within genes or putative regulatory regions, that were consistently associated with range expansion. Of these 12 genes, three (CACNA1C, ALK, and EPHA6) have putative functions related to dispersal, including habituation to novel environments and spatial learning, consistent with the expectations for traits under selection during range expansion. Although coyote colonization of eastern North America is well‐publicized, this study provides novel insights by identifying genes associated with dispersal capabilities in coyotes on the two eastern expansion fronts.
Trophic cues promote secondary migrations of bivalve recruits in a highly dynamic temperate intertidal system
Authors: Forêt Martin , Barbier Pierrick , Tremblay Réjean , Meziane Tarik , Neumeier Urs , Duvieilbourg Eric , Olivier Frédéric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPost‐settlement dispersal is a key process in the recruitment of bivalves. To assess the role of such secondary migrations and to identify potential associated triggers, we conducted an in situ sampling survey during the summer recruitment period on the bivalve assemblages of a coarse‐sediment temperate tidal habitat in the Chausey archipelago (Normandy, France). The dynamics of drifters were studied using three types of settler traps (for example, bedload, pelagic, and sinking transports), and we monitored both the abiotic (hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions) and the trophic (nano‐ and pico‐sized particulate organic matter [POM]; fatty acid composition of POM and sediment organic matter [SOM]) environmental parameters. Such an approach allows the discrimination of passive migration (due to sediment erosion by tidal currents and waves) from active migration (related to recruit behavior). Secondary migrations were observed in 25 bivalve taxa, and these mainly involved decreasing abundances of Mytilidae, Nuculidae, Semelidae, Mactridae, and Lucinidae individuals on the study site, highlighting the crucial role of these processes in highly dynamic coastal benthic assemblages. Surprisingly, the intense post‐settlement dispersal observed at the end of the recruitment season was not synchronized with periods of high hydrodynamic stress but to a change in the structure of phytoplanktonic assemblages, particularly the nanoeukaryotic component. Such a response by bivalve recruits to a trophic pelagic cue—triggering secondary migrations—could result from an increased demand for energy required for active migratory behavior.
Multiple drivers of contrasting diversity–invasibility relationships at fine spatial grains
Authors: Smith Nicola S. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe diversity–invasibility hypothesis and ecological theory predict that high‐diversity communities should be less easily invaded than species‐poor communities, but empirical evidence does not consistently support this prediction. While fine‐scale experiments tend to yield the predicted negative association between diversity and invasibility, broad‐scale observational surveys generally report a positive correlation. This conflicting pattern between experiments and observational studies is referred to as the invasion paradox and is thought to arise because different processes control species composition at different spatial scales. Here, we test empirically the extent to which the strength and direction of published diversity–invasibility relationships depend on spatial scale and on the metrics used to measure invasibility. Using a meta‐analytic framework, we explicitly separate the two components of spatial scale: grain and extent, by focusing on fine‐grain studies that vary in extent. We find evidence of multiple drivers of the paradox. When we consider only fine‐grain studies, we still observe conflicting patterns between experiments and observational studies. In contrast, when we examine studies that are conducted at both a fine grain and fine extent, there is broad overlap in effect sizes between experiments and observation, suggesting that comparing studies with similar extents resolves the paradox at local scales. However, we uncover systematic differences in the metrics used to measure invasibility between experiments, which use predominantly invader performance, and observational studies, which use mainly invader richness. When we consider studies with the same metric (i.e., invader performance), the contrasting associations between study types also disappear. It is not possible, at present, to fully disentangle the effect of spatial extent and metric on the paradox because both variables are systematically associated in different directions with study type. There is therefore an urgent need to conduct experiments and observational studies that incorporate the full range of variability in spatial extent and invasibility metric.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Nanomaterials
Authors: Lahcen Abdellatif Ait , Amine Aziz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis review focuses on the recent achievement during period of 2013–2018 related to the electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) combined with nanomaterials for various kinds of applications. MIPs based electrochemical sensors have found a great interest due to their high stability, short time required for electropolymerization, and high specificity towards the target analyte. The sensitivity is considered as one of the important parameter in electrochemical sensing strategies that should be improved by the combination of highly conductive nanomaterials with selective MIPs. In general, the most employed nanomaterials are magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), carbon nanotubes and graphene. This review discusses the main current achievement as well as the current challenges regarding the development of biomimetic sensors in electroanalysis.
In situ Electroreduction of Graphene Oxide: Increased Sensitivity for the Determination of NADH
Authors: Báez Daniela F. , Tapia Felipe , Sierra‐Rosales Paulina , Bollo Soledad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel and useful method to catalyze the electro‐oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) over a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene oxide (GO) is presented. Based on the presence of oxygen moieties in GO, which can be easily reduced, an in situ electrochemical generation of reduced graphene oxide (denoted as erGO) applying a sufficient negative potential. A potential of −1.000 V was selected to generate the erGO/GCE as a pretreatment potential before the detection of NADH. The in situ generated erGO/GCE system produces a decrease in the overpotential of NADH oxidation from +0.720 V to +0.230 V compared with GCE. The process also produced an important increase in current signals. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron (SEM) and electrochemical microscopies (SECM), cyclic voltammetry and by Raman spectroscopy. Amperometric detection of NADH via this straightforward electrocatalytic method provides a wide linear range between 10 and 100 μM, a lower detection limit of 0.36 μM and an excellent sensitivity of (1.47±0.09) μA mM−1.
Nanomaterials‐based Electrochemical Sensing of Cardiac Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Recent Progress
Authors: Nsabimana Anaclet , Ma Xiangui , Yuan Fan , Du Fangxin , Abdussalam Abubakar , Lou Baohua , Xu Guobao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of the methods for early and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction are needed to facilitate immediate treatment of patients. One of the ways to achieve that is the detection of cardiac biomarkers for myocardial infarction, such as thrombin, cardiac troponins (I and T), myoglobin, etc. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the development of sensitive and efficient electrochemical sensors for cardiac biomarkers. In this review, we discuss recent progress on nanomaterial‐based electrochemical sensing of various cardiac biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction.
Observed Dramatically Improved Catalysis of Ag Shell on Au/Ag Core‐shell Nanorods is Due to Silver Impurities Released During Etching Process
Authors: Krejcova Ludmila , Novotny Filip , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCore/shell bimetallic nanoparticles are highly popular in electrocatalysis; it is argued that the core metal enhances the catalytic properties of the shell. We have investigated the electrocatalytic properties of Au/Ag core‐shell nanorods (Au/Ag NRs) where Ag shell was thinned by aging in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. We observed excellent electrocatalysis toward hydrogen peroxide electroreduction upon decreasing the Ag shell thickness, which would, at first, appear to imply a strong synergistic effect of the Au core with the Ag shell for electrocatalysis. We show, however, that this electrocatalysis is not caused by particular Au/Ag core/shell structures but rather by the presence of residual silver impurities in the form of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) formed during the preparation of the thin‐layer silver shell/gold core nanorods.
Wearable Sweat Sensors: Background and Current Trends
Authors: Kaya Tolga , Liu Gengchen , Ho Jenny , Yelamarthi Kumar , Miller Kevin , Edwards Jeffrey , Stannard Alicja 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSweat‐related physiology research has been well established over the years. However, it has only been around ten years that sweat‐based sensing devices started to be explored. With the recent advancements in wearable activity and physiology monitoring devices, sweat was investigated for its contents similar to blood and corresponding wearable devices were studied intensively. This article provides a thorough review on sweating mechanisms, sweat sensing devices, and electronic technologies for sweat sensor implementations. Potential future directions and recommendations based on current research trends were provided in each section. This review aims to offer a unique perspective from both physiology and engineering point‐of‐view to draw a complete landscape of the sweat sensing research.
Free and forced morphodynamics of river bifurcations
Authors: Redolfi Marco , Zolezzi Guido , Tubino Marco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWater and sediment distribution by river bifurcations is often highly unbalanced. This may result from a variety of factors, such as migration of bars, channel curvature and backwater effects, which promote an uneven partition of flow and sediment fluxes in the downstream branches, which we call ‘forcings’. Bifurcations also display an intrinsic instability mechanism that leads to unbalanced configurations, as occurs in the idealized case of a geometrically symmetric bifurcation, which we call ‘free’, provided the width‐to‐depth ratio of the incoming flow is large enough. Most frequently, these free and forced mechanisms coexist; however, their controlling roles in bifurcation dynamics have not been investigated so far. In this paper we address this question by proposing a unified free‐forced modelling framework for bifurcation morphodynamics. Upstream channel curvature and different slopes of downstream branches (slope advantage) are specifically investigated as forcing effects typically occurring in bifurcations of alluvial channels. The modelling strategy is based on the widely used two‐cell model of Bolla Pittaluga et al. (Water Resources Research, 2003, 39(3), 1–13), here extended to account for the spatially non‐uniform fluxes entering the bifurcation node. Results reveal that the relative role of free and forced mechanisms depends on the width‐to‐depth ratio falling above or below the resonant threshold that controls the stability of free bifurcations: when the main channel is relatively wide and shallow (super‐resonant regime) the bifurcation invariably evolves towards unbalanced configurations, whatever the combination of curvature and slope advantage values, which instead control the bifurcation response under sub‐resonant conditions. Detection of the resonant aspect ratio as a key threshold also releases the modelling approach from the need for parameter calibration that characterized previous approaches, and allows for interpreting under a unified framework the opposite behaviours shown by gravel‐bed and sand‐bed bifurcations for increasing Shields parameter values. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The production cycle of lime‐based plasters in the Late Roman settlement of Scauri, on the island of Pantelleria, Italy
Authors: Montana Giuseppe , Randazzo Luciana , Ventura‐Bordenca Claudio , Giarrusso Renato , Baldassari Roberta , Polito Anna Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the archaeometric study of lime‐based plasters found in the archaeological settlement of Scauri, located in the homonymous bay in the south‐western part of Pantelleria Island. Since 1999, archaeological surveys have led to the recovery of the huge remains of a Late Roman settlement dating back to the fourth–fifth century AD. It is well known that the island of Pantelleria is entirely composed of volcanic rocks. Accordingly, the production of quicklime required calcareous rocks to be imported. Also, the selection criteria of the sandy aggregate are relevant and of interest to this study, to evaluate the achieved technological level. Within this context, a mineralogical and petrographic characterisation of the plasters was carried out using thin‐section petrography, for the classification of the sand aggregate. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the composition of the binder. The analytical results allowed the identification of different recipes for the manufacture of the studied plasters, obtained by the use of different types of aggregate (volcanic rock fragments, pumice, basaltic scoriae, and ceramic fragments) and highlighted the degree of pozzolanic reaction of the binder. Finally, the provenance of the calcareous raw material was inferred using a petrographic approach.
Calcite alabaster artifacts from Hierapolis in Phrygia, Turkey: Provenance determination using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes
Authors: Scardozzi Giuseppe , Brilli Mauro , Giustini Francesca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlabastro fiorito or listato, a vividly colored and strongly patterned carbonate stone, is widely diffused in the ancient city of Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey) as building material. This stone, also known as Hierapolis alabaster, was extensively quarried in antiquity in the territory near the city. Numerous ancient quarries of the Hierapolis alabaster were documented in previous studies in sites immediately around the city and also about 13 km northwest of Hierapolis, near Gölemezli. Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to investigate the possibility to discriminate different quarries or different geographically coherent extraction areas; these techniques were also applied to analyze alabaster artifacts from some monuments of Hierapolis as a case study. The data show that carbon and oxygen isotopes may be effective at distinguishing between the quarries of Gölemezli and Hierapolis, and allow for attribution of unknown alabaster artifacts to one of these areas. The possibility to identify the provenance of unknown alabasters from the different extraction sites or geographically coherent extraction areas near Hierapolis using isotopes only is difficult; in some cases XRD analysis to detect aragonite versus calcite may improve the discrimination among Hierapolitan quarries and contribute to the assignment procedure.