bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double‐blind randomized trial
Authors: Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Mooney Allison P. , Price Joshua M. , Thomason John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDogs with immune‐mediated disease are often coadministered glucocorticoids and aspirin, but ulcerogenic effects of current protocols are unknown.ObjectivesTo compare gastrointestinal changes among dogs administered aspirin, prednisone, and combination treatment.AnimalsTwenty‐four healthy research dogs.MethodsDouble‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized trial of dogs administered placebo, aspirin (2 mg/kg q24h), prednisone (2 mg/kg q24h), or combination treatment PO for 28 days. Clinical signs were recorded daily, with laboratory work performed at baseline and day 28. Gastrointestinal mucosal hemorrhages, erosions, and ulcers were numerated for endoscopic studies performed on days 0, 14, and 28; endoscopic mucosal lesion scores were calculated. Results were compared using mixed model repeated‐measures analyses of variance and generalized estimating equation proportional odds models.P< .05 was considered significant.ResultsGastric mucosal lesion scores differed by treatment‐by‐time (F[6, 40] = 4.4,P = .002), treatment (F[3, 20] = 7.1,P= .002), and time (F[2, 40] = 18.9,P< .001). Post hoc analysis revealed increased scores in the aspirin (day 14 only), prednisone, and prednisone/aspirin groups during treatment. Ulcers were identified on 14 studies, representing 10 dogs. Dogs receiving prednisone and prednisone/aspirin had 11.1 times (95% CI, 1.7‐73.6) and 31.5 times (95% CI, 3.5‐288.0) higher odds, respectively, of having endoscopic mucosal lesion scores ≥4 than dogs receiving placebo (P≤ .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGastrointestinal bleeding occurs commonly in dogs administered aspirin, prednisone, or prednisone/aspirin treatment, with higher lesion scores for dogs receiving combination treatment. Even severe lesions are not accompanied by clinical signs.
Risk of human exposure to animal bites in China: a clinic‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Qiaoyan , Jiang Qingqing , Shi Jun , Luba Tegene Regassa , Hundera Asefa Deressa , Fang Pengqian , Cao Shiyi , Lu Zuxun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman exposure to animal bites is the most important public health concern in relation to rabies transmission. This study aims to determine the factors associated with human exposure to animal bites in China. A cross‐sectional study of visitors to rabies prevention clinics who were seeking treatment because of exposure to animal bites or scratches was conducted in Wuhan, China. Humans exposed to animal bites (n = 1015) were interviewed, and 87% of the bites were attributed to domestic animals. The risk types for animal bites included unprovoked aggression (31.7%), excessive play (27.5%), insufficient preparedness (26.7%), and improper care of animals (14.1%). Children aged 1–15 years (OR = 9.069, 95% CI: 4.572–17.987, P < 0.001) were more likely to be injured because of excessive play. Nonvaccinated people (OR = 2.168, 95% CI: 1.034–4.545, P = 0.040) and people who discontinued the rabies vaccine regimen (OR = 2.600, 95% CI: 1.561–4.331, P < 0.001) were at risk of rabies exposure and were more likely to be injured because of improper care of animals. This study showed that domestic animals were responsible for most animal bites. The associated factors were age, educational attainment, and animal ownership. Community health education with a special attention to schoolchildren and animal owners should be provided.
Investigating business outcomes of healthy food retail strategies: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Blake Miranda R. , Backholer Kathryn , Lancsar Emily , Boelsen‐Robinson Tara , Mah Catherine , Brimblecombe Julie , Zorbas Christina , Billich Natassja , Peeters Anna 
Published: August 2019

SummaryLarge changes to food retail settings are required to improve population diet. However, limited research has comprehensively considered the business implications of healthy food retail strategies for food retailers. We performed a systematic scoping review to identify types of business outcomes that have been reported in healthy food retail strategy evaluations. Peer‐reviewed and grey literature were searched. We identified qualitative or quantitative real‐world food or beverage retail strategies designed to improve the healthiness of the consumer nutrition environment (eg, changes to the “marketing mix” of product, price, promotion, and/or placement). Eligible studies reported store‐ or chain‐level outcomes for measures of commercial viability, retailer perspectives, customer perspectives, and/or community outcomes. 11 682 titles and abstracts were screened with 107 studies included for review from 15 countries. Overall item sales, revenue, store patronage, and customer level of satisfaction with strategy were the most frequently examined outcomes. There was a large heterogeneity in outcome measures reported and in favourability for retailers of outcomes across studies. We recommend more consistent reporting of business outcomes and increased development and use of validated and reliable measurement tools. This may help generate more robust research evidence to aid retailers and policymakers to select feasible and sustainable healthy food retail strategies to benefit population health within and across countries.
Individual health outcomes secondary to a nurse‐led coalition‐based health promotion program for underserved diverse populations
Authors: Simpson Vicki , Hass Zachary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the impact of various levels of participation in a nurse‐led coalition‐based wellness program on participant outcomes related to body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes risk, and lifestyle behaviors in a Midwest rural county.DesignThis descriptive study used de‐identified data collected by program staff over a 26‐month period to evaluate participant outcomes.SampleParticipants were predominantly female with a mean age of 49 years; 41% identified as Hispanic.Measurements/AnalysisLifestyle behavior surveys and biometric screenings were used to collect data. Latent Growth Class Analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.InterventionMonthly wellness programming including screenings, health education and referrals were provided to participants at various sites in a rural community.ResultsOver a 26‐month period, 3,004 visits were made by 820 participants. Four clusters for participants (n = 287) who had made three visits or more were identified, providing insight into meaningful interindividual differences for repeat participants. Overall, repeat participants either maintained or improved their blood pressure over time. Indirect outcomes including policy, system, and environmental changes were also noted.ConclusionsCoalitions can positively affect the health of populations through these types of programs at the individual and population level.
Architectural hybrids? Building, law and architectural design in the early modern Iberian world
Authors: Fernández‐González Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the regulation of building practice, construction technology and architectural design in a number of cities in the early modern Iberian world. The influence of classical trends on architecture and urban design in the Iberian world has received extensive attention. Regulatory practice of the built environment during this period in a number of Iberian cities shows the gradual inclusion of Renaissance ideals of order and proportion. However, the contribution of the pre‐existing and coeval architectural traditions of Iberia and the integration of indigenous building technologies in America or Asia deserves further scrutiny. This article examines aspects of the codification of the building trade, construction technology and architectural design as a suitable vehicle to explore acculturation and globalization processes. A comparison of the built environment of cities in both the peninsula and urban centres in the former Spanish and Portuguese imperial dominions shows an architectural landscape governed, at times, by similar processes of hybridization or amalgam. The development of urban regulations in cities in distant parts of the Iberian imperial system also challenges existing Eurocentric histories and theories of architecture and urbanism.
Emotion regulation goals: An individual difference perspective
Authors: Eldesouky Lameese , Gross James J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGoals are widely understood to be central to the initiation, maintenance, and cessation of emotion regulation (ER). Recent studies have shown that there are profound individual differences in the types of ER goals people pursue and the extent to which they pursue them. Here, we highlight the importance of taking an individual difference approach to studying ER goals. First, we use the extended process model of ER to provide conceptual clarity on what ER goals are and describe the crucial role of goals in each stage of ER. We then identify five promising directions for future research using an individual difference approach to ER goals.
Student well‐being and the learning environment
Authors: Helou Marieka A , Keiser Victoria , Feldman Moshe , Santen Sally , Cyrus John W , Ryan Michael S 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundMedical student well‐being is a critical issue in medical education and is linked to burnout and resilience. Understanding the impact of the clinical learning environment may be crucial to developing effective curricular interventions.Medical student well‐being is a critical issue in medical educationObjectiveTo determine factors affecting medical student well‐being and perceived stress during clinical clerkships and describe any associations with the learning environment, resilience, and performance.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of one cohort of medical students surveyed at the conclusion of third‐year clinical clerkships using the Medical School Learning Environment Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and the World Health Organization Well‐Being Index. The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), Step 1 scores and clerkship performance were also collected. Analysis included Pearson correlations and linear regression.ResultsOf the 204 students completing the clerkships, 146 students completed the survey (72%). Well‐being correlated positively with learning environment (r = 0.43) and resilience (r = 0.35, p < 0.01). Stress was negatively correlated with learning environment (r = –0.34) and resilience (r = –0.53, p < 0.01). Well‐being was not significantly correlated with performance measures. However, stress demonstrated a weak positive correlation with clerkship performance (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). The overall regression models for well‐being and stress were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and explained 23% and 26% of the variance, respectively.ConclusionsOur study found that well‐being and stress are associated with students’ resilience and perception of the learning environment in the clinical phase of medical school. However, we found no relationship between well‐being and performance and a modest positive relationship between stress and performance. This data helps to illustrate the complex relationship between these factors.
Tattoos, blood‐borne viruses and blood donors: a blood donor cohort and risk assessment
Authors: Hoad Veronica C. , Guy Rebecca J. , Seed Clive R. , Harley Robert 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesThere is conflicting evidence in the literature as to whether there is a blood‐borne virus (BBV) risk associated with tattoos in licensed premises. However, blood donors are currently deferred from blood donation in Australia for 4 months after any tattoo. We aimed to assess the incidence of BBVs in blood donors who declared tattoos and evaluate the risk to blood safety through risk modelling.Materials and methodsDonors from 2013 to 2016 with a tattoo deferral on their blood donor file with pre‐ and post‐BBV testing were analysed to determine an incidence of BBVs using standard methods. This was compared to a 2014 cohort of whole blood donors with a deferral of 4 months due to travel to a malaria‐endemic area. Using the incidence of tattoos and BBV risk, the total residual risk estimate of allowing tattooed donors to return without restriction was calculated.ResultsThe incidence rate of BBVs in blood donors following tattoo deferral was 13·26 (95% CI 2·67–38·75) per 100 000 person‐years (all were hepatitis C infections in males compared to 9·26 (95% CI 2·49–23·71) per 100 000 in blood donors following malaria deferral. If other risk factors were accounted for the risk in tattoo donors decreased to 4·4 per 100 000 person‐years. The total residual risk calculation if donors with a tattoo were allowed to donate without restriction was estimated at 1 in 34 million.ConclusionsThis residual risk indicates BBV deferral for donors post‐tattoo in Australia is not required for blood safety.
A new nanohybrid for electrochemical removal of humic acids and Cr(VI)
Authors: Sarno Maria , Scudieri Carmela , Ponticorvo Eleonora 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new nanohybrid, based on flower‐like AuPtPd‐Fe3O4, has been designed and prepared through an easy and scalable synthetic approach for the effective and simultaneous removal of humic acids (HAs) and Cr(VI). The nanocatalyst, prepared in a one‐step procedure, consists of nanoparticles with a grain size of about 40 nm, constituted of a magnetite core ca. 20 nm and petals of PtPd and Au and, after a ligand exchange process, results dispersible in water. Calibration equations were plotted for the removal evaluation in water samples. Electrochemical tests were carried out at pH 3.0 and 30 mA. HAs were highly mineralized with TOC removal efficiency of 95% after only 3‐h electrolysis, while 99% of total chromium (Cr) was removed in 3 h. A mechanism was proposed to describe the catalyst activity. The nanocatalyst shows high removal performances for HAs and Cr(VI) even after 10 times treatment, indicating good stability.
Effect of interventions using physical activity trackers on physical activity in people aged 60 years and over: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: S Oliveira Juliana , Sherrington Cathie , R Y Zheng Elizabeth , Franco Marcia Rodrigues , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: August 2019

Background
Older people are at high risk of physical inactivity. Activity trackers can facilitate physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of interventions using activity trackers on physical activity, mobility, quality of life and mental health among people aged 60+ years.

Methods
For this systematic review, we searched eight databases, including MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials of interventions that used activity trackers to promote physical activity among people aged 60+ years were included in the analyses. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017065250.

Results

We identified 23 eligible trials. Interventions using activity trackers had a moderate effect on physical activity (23 studies; standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.55; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.70; I
2
=86%) and increased steps/day by 1558 (95% CI 1099 to 2018 steps/day; I
2
=92%) compared with usual care, no intervention and wait-list control. Longer duration activity tracker-based interventions were more effective than short duration interventions (18 studies, SMD=0.70; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.93 vs 5 studies, SMD=0.14; 95% CI −0.26 to 0.54, p for comparison=0.02). Interventions that used activity trackers improved mobility (three studies; SMD=0.61; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.90; I
2
=10%), but not quality of life (nine studies; SMD=0.09; 95% CI −0.07 to 0.25; I
2
=45%). Only one trial included mental health outcomes and it reported similar effects of the activity tracker intervention compared with control.

Conclusions
Interventions using activity trackers improve physical activity levels and mobility among older people compared with control. However, the impact of activity tracker interventions on quality of life, and mental health is unknown.
Prognostic impact of alkaline phosphatase for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Yu Tongtong , Jiao Yundi , Song Jia , He Dongxu , Wu Jiake , Wen Zongyu , Sun Na , Duan Weili , Sun Zhijun , Sun Zhaoqing 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) can promote vascular calcification, but the association between ALP and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is not well defined.DesignA prospective cohort study.Setting and participantsA total of 6368 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017 were analysed.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality was used in this study.ResultsALP was analysed both as a continuous variable and according to three categories. After multivariable adjustment, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in Tertile 3 group (ALP＞85 U/L) (OR: 2.399, 95% CI 1.080 to 5.333, p=0.032), compared with other two groups (Tertile 1: ＜66 U/L; Tertile 2: 66–85 U/L). When ALP was evaluated as a continuous variable, after multivariable adjustment, the ALP level was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.011, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.020, p=0.014). C-statistic of ALP for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.630 (95% CI 0.618 to 0.642, p=0.001). The cut-off value was 72 U/L with a sensitivity of 0.764 and a speciﬁcity of 0.468. However, ALP could not significantly improve the prognostic performance of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score (GRACE score+ALP vs GRACE score: C-statistic: z=0.485, p=0.628; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.014, p=0.056; net reclassification improvement: 0.020, p=0.630).ConclusionsIn patients with ACS undergoing PCI, ALP was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. But it could not improve the prognostic performance of GRACE score.
Timing of respiratory virus molecular testing in emergency departments and its association with patient care outcomes: a retrospective observational study across six Australian hospitals
Authors: Wabe Nasir , Li Ling , Dahm Maria R , Lindeman Robert , Yimsung Ruth , Clezy Kate , Thomas Judith , Varndell Wayne , Westbrook Johanna , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveA rapid molecular diagnostic test (RMDT) offers a fast and accurate detection of respiratory viruses, but its impact on the timeliness of care in the emergency department (ED) may depend on the timing of the test. The aim of the study was to determine if the timing of respiratory virus testing using a RMDT in the ED had an association with patient care outcomes.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingLinked ED and laboratory data from six EDs in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsAdult patients presenting to EDs during the 2017 influenza season and tested for respiratory viruses using a RMDT. The timing of respiratory virus testing was defined as the time from a patient’s ED arrival to time of sample receipt at the hospital laboratory.Outcome measuresED length of stay (LOS), >4 hour ED LOS and having a pending RMDT result at ED disposition.ResultsA total of 2168 patients were included. The median timing of respiratory virus testing was 224 min (IQR, 133–349). Every 30 min increase in the timing of respiratory virus testing was associated with a 24.0 min increase in the median ED LOS (95% CI, 21.8–26.1; p<0.001), a 51% increase in the likelihood of staying >4 hours in ED (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.63; p<0.001) and a 4% increase in the likelihood of having a pending RMDT result at ED disposition (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05; p<0.001) after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionThe timing of respiratory virus molecular testing in EDs was significantly associated with a range of outcome indicators. Results suggest the potential to maximise the benefits of RMDT by introducing an early diagnostic protocol such as triage-initiated testing.
CNS imaging studies in cystic fibrosis patients presenting with sudden neurological events
Authors: Ellis Samantha , Rang Catherine , Kotsimbos Tom , Keating Dominic , Finlayson Felicity , Stark Richard , Thyagarajan Dominic , Wilson John 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAcute neurological events may present as an extrapulmonary complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These events can be secondary to a range of different aetiologies.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 476 medical records of CF patients attending a large teaching hospital between 2000 and 2018 was performed. Patients presenting with acute neurological events who had MRI brain imaging were evaluated. Patients who had headaches without associated neurological symptoms were excluded from this analysis.ResultsAcute neurological presentations, excluding headaches without associated neurological symptoms, were reported in 27 index patients out of the 476 patients. Of these, 16 patients had MRI brain imaging for review. Three patients suffered pathology secondary to vascular events, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic; four patients had evidence of ischaemia or infarction not consistent with a vascular territory stroke and the remaining patients experienced a range of different neurological events. The most common presentation among these patients was seizure activity, followed by a transient motor or sensory deficit.ConclusionsNeurological complications are recognised among individuals with CF. Although rare, they can be secondary to a range of different aetiologies, including dysfunctional cell energetics. Additional studies are required to further evaluate this association.