bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Online Educational Program for Individuals With Dissociative Disorders and Their Clinicians: 1‐Year and 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Brand Bethany L. , Schielke Hugo J. , Putnam Karen T. , Putnam Frank W. , Loewenstein Richard J. , Myrick Amie , Jepsen Ellen K. K. , Langeland Willemien , Steele Kathy , Classen Catherine C. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIndividuals with dissociative disorders (DDs) are underrecognized, underserved, and often severely psychiatrically ill, characterized by marked dissociative and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with significant disability. Patients with DD have high rates of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts. Despite this, there is a dearth of training about DDs. We report the outcome of a web‐based psychoeducational intervention for an international sample of 111 patients diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) or other complex DDs. The Treatment of Patients with Dissociative Disorders Network (TOP DD Network) program was designed to investigate whether, over the course of a web‐based psychoeducational program, DD patients would exhibit improved functioning and decreased symptoms, including among patients typically excluded from treatment studies for safety reasons. Using video, written, and behavioral practice exercises, the TOP DD Network program provided therapists and patients with education about DDs as well as skills for improving emotion regulation, managing safety issues, and decreasing symptoms. Participation was associated with reductions in dissociation and PTSD symptoms, improved emotion regulation, and higher adaptive capacities, with overall sample |d|s = 0.44–0.90, as well as reduced NSSI. The improvements in NSSI among the most self‐injurious patients were particularly striking. Although all patient groups showed significant improvements, individuals with higher levels of dissociation demonstrated greater and faster improvement compared to those lower in dissociation |d|s = 0.54–1.04 vs. |d|s = 0.24–0.75, respectively. These findings support dissemination of DD treatment training and initiation of treatment studies with randomized controlled designs.
Reactive kinetics of carbon dioxide loaded aqueous blend of 2‐amino‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol and piperazine using a pressure drop method
Authors: Ullah Sami , Suleman Humbul , Tahir Muhammad Suleman , Sagir Muhammad , Muhammad Shabbir , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Zafar Masood‐ur‐Rauf , Kareem Firas A. Abdul , Maulud Abdulhalim Shah , Bustam Mohamad Azmi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, a new pressure drop method has been used to investigate the kinetics of carbon dioxide reaction with aqueous blend of 2‐amino‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (AEPD) with piperazine (PZ). The blending of a small amount of PZ with AEPD has a significant effect on the observed rate constant, kobs. It was observed that kobs values of the blend increased more than twice than the summation of kobs values of individual alkanolamines. The reaction kinetics in this study were modeled by assuming a termolecular mechanism. The addition of 0.1 mol/L of PZ to 1 mol/L AEPD exhibited an observed rate constant, kobs of 8824.1 s−1, which is comparable to other alkanolamine mixtures. Hence, PZ/AEPD mixtures can be potentially used for rapid carbon dioxide capture.
Feasibility and tolerability of measuring translaryngeal pressure during exercise
Authors: Fretheim‐Kelly Zoe , Halvorsen Thomas , Heimdal John‐Helge , Strand Eric , Vollsæter Maria , Clemm Hege , Roksund Ola 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if simultaneous tracheal and supraglottic pressure measurement performed during a continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test is possible, tolerable, and feasible, and if so, whether measurements can be used to determined airflow resistance over the larynx, thus providing an objective outcome measure for the CLE test, the gold standard for diagnosing exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction.Study DesignExplorative descriptive clinical study.MethodsA CLE test was performed with the addition of two pressure sensors (Mikro‐Cath 825‐0101; Millar, Houston, TX) placed at the epiglottic tip and at the fifth tracheal ring. To place sensors, laryngeal anesthesia and a channel scope were required. Tolerability and feasibility was determined by a Likert score and subjective indication from subjects and operators. Adjustments to the technique were made to increase tolerability. The pressure data were continuously collected and analyzed for artifacts, drifts, frequency response, and used with flow data to calculate translaryngeal resistance.ResultsAll subjects (n = 7) completed all procedures. Two main areas of concern were identified regarding tolerability: application of topical anesthesia to the larynx and nasal discomfort due to the added diameter of the laryngoscope. Protocol adjustments improved both. Pressure data were obtained from all procedures in all subjects, were consistent, and followed physiological trends.ConclusionsContinuous measurement of the translaryngeal pressure gradient during a CLE test is possible, feasible, and tolerable. A CLE test with direct measurement of the translaryngeal pressure gradient might become a valuable tool in the objective assessment of respiratory function, and normal values should be established in health and disease.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2748–2753, 2019
The benefit of trans‐attic endoscopic control of ossicular prosthesis after cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Haidar Hassan , Abu Rajab Altamimi Zaid , Larem Aisha , Aslam Waqar , Elsaadi Ali , Abdulkarim Hassanin , Al Duhirat Emad , Mahmood Ashraf Nabeel , Alqahtani Abdulsalam 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo show the efficiency of using transmastoid atticotomy (TMA) endoscopy on the outcome of ossiculoplasty in patients with cholesteatoma.TMA is often performed as part of the surgical management of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma extending to the epitympanum. TMA can also be used as an access for endoscopic view to confirm the right alignment and stability of the ossicular prosthesis because the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane will obscure the visualization of the prosthesis.MethodsA retrospective study was done at a tertiary referral institute, including 133 ears with cholesteatoma that underwent canal wall‐up tympanomastoidectomy (CWU) with ossicular reconstruction using titanium prosthesis between August 2013 and August 2015. Post packing of the ear canal and position, stability, and axis of the prosthesis were checked using endoscope positioned in the attic through TMA. A postoperative pure‐tone average air–bone gap (ABG) of 20 dB or less was considered as a successful hearing result. Results are compared with historical control groups.ResultsOf the 133 ears, 88 patients underwent reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP), whereas the rest (45 patients) had total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). A postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB was obtained in 77.4% of all the patients (79.5% for PORP; 73.3% for TORP).ConclusionEndoscopic assessment of the ossicular prosthesis via the attic, after repositioning of the tympanomeatal flap and packing the ear canal, decreases the risk of immediate ossiculoplasty failure and improves the functional outcome after ossicular chain reconstruction in cholesteatoma surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:2754–2759, 2019
Accretion of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid in Mouse Tissues Did Not Differ between Its Purified Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol Forms
Authors: Adkins Yuriko , Laugero Kevin D. , Mackey Bruce , Kelley Darshan S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that dietary krill oil leads to higher omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) tissue accretion compared to fish oil because the former is rich in n‐3 PUFA esterified as phospholipids (PL), while n‐3 PUFA in fish oil are primarily esterified as triacylglycerols (TAG). Tissue accretion of the same dietary concentrations of PL‐ and TAG‐docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) (DHA) has not been compared and was the focus of this study. Mice (n = 12/group) were fed either a control diet or one of six DHA (1%, 2%, or 4%) as PL‐DHA or TAG‐DHA diets for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, DHA concentration in liver, adipose tissue (AT), heart, and eye, but not brain, were significantly higher in mice consuming either PL‐ or TAG‐DHA, but there was no difference in DHA concentration in all tissues between the PL‐ or TAG‐DHA forms. Consumption of PL‐ and TAG‐DHA at all concentrations significantly elevated eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) (EPA) in all tissues when compared with the control group, while docoshexapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐6) (DPA) was significantly higher in all tissues except for the eye and heart. Both DHA forms lowered total omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 PUFA) in all tissues and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the liver and AT; total saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lowered in the liver but elevated in the AT. An increase in the DHA dose, independent of DHA forms, significantly lowered n‐6 PUFA and significantly elevated n‐3 PUFA concentration in all tissues. Our results do not support the claim that the PL form of n‐3 PUFA leads to higher n‐3 PUFA tissue accretion than their TAG form.
Microsatellite characterization and marker development for the fungus Penicillium digitatum, causal agent of green mold of citrus
Authors: Varady Erika S. , Bodaghi Sohrab , Vidalakis Georgios , Douhan Greg W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPenicillium digitatum is one of the most important postharvest pathogens of citrus on a global scale causing significant annual losses due to fruit rot. However, little is known about the diversity of P. digitatum populations. The genome of P. digitatum has been sequenced, providing an opportunity to determine the microsatellite distribution within P. digitatum to develop markers that could be valuable tools for studying the population biology of this pathogen. In the analyses, a total of 3,134 microsatellite loci were detected; 66.73%, 23.23%, 8.23%, 1.24%, 0.16%, and 0.77% were detected as mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexanucleotide repeats, respectively. As consistent with other ascomycete fungi, the genome size of P. digitatum does not seem to correlate with the density of microsatellite loci. However, significantly longer motifs of mono‐, di‐, and tetranucleotide repeats were identified in P. digitatum compared to 10 other published ascomycete species with repeats of over 800, 300, and 900 motifs found, respectively. One isolate from southern California and five additional isolates from other countries (“global isolates”) were used to initially screen microsatellite markers developed in this study. Twelve additional isolates, referred to as the “local isolates,” were also collected from citrus at the University of California Riverside agricultural experiment station and were subsequently used to screen the primers that sequenced well and were polymorphic based on the global isolates. Thirty‐six primers were screened, and nine trinucleotide loci and one hexanucleotide locus were chosen as robust markers. These loci yielded two to seven alleles and will be useful to study population genetic structure of P. digitatum populations.
Mechanisms of Transport and Delivery of Vitamin A and Carotenoids to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Harrison Earl H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVision depends on the delivery of vitamin A (retinol) to the retina. Retinol in blood is bound to retinol‐binding protein (RBP). Retinal pigment epithelia (RPE) cells express the RBP receptor, STRA6, that facilitates uptake of retinol. The retinol is then converted to retinyl esters by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase. The esters are the substrate for RPE65, an enzyme that produces 11‐cis retinol, which is converted to 11‐cis retinaldehyde for transport to the photoreceptors to form rhodopsin. The dietary xanthophylls, lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA), accumulate in the macula of the eye, providing protection against age‐related macular degeneration. To reach the macula, carotenoids cross the RPE. In blood, xanthophylls and β‐carotene mostly associate with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), respectively. Studies using a human RPE cell model evaluate the kinetics of cell uptake when carotenoids are delivered in LDL or HDL. For LUT and β‐carotene, LDL delivery result in the highest rate of uptake. HDL is more effective in delivering ZEA (and meso‐ZEA). This selective HDL‐mediated uptake of ZEA, via a scavenger receptor and LDL‐mediated uptake of LUT and β‐carotene provides a mechanism for the selective accumulation of ZEA > LUT and xanthophylls over β‐carotene in the macula.
Technical Note: Relative proton stopping power estimation from virtual monoenergetic images reconstructed from dual‐layer computed tomography
Authors: Landry Guillaume , Dörringer Fabian , Si‐Mohamed Salim , Douek Philippe , Abascal Juan F. P. J. , Peyrin Françoise , Almeida Isabel P. , Verhaegen Frank , Rinaldi Ilaria , Parodi Katia , Rit Simon 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe objective of this technical note was to investigate the accuracy of proton stopping power relative to water (RSP) estimation using a novel dual‐layer, dual‐energy computed tomography (DL‐DECT) scanner for potential use in proton therapy planning. DL‐DECT allows dual‐energy reconstruction from scans acquired at a single x‐ray tube voltage V by using two‐layered detectors.MethodsSets of calibration and evaluation inserts were scanned at a DL‐DECT scanner in a custom phantom with variable diameter D (0 to 150 mm) at V of 120 and 140 kV. Inserts were additionally scanned at a synchrotron computed tomography facility to obtain comparative linear attenuation coefficients for energies from 50 to 100 keV, and reference RSP was obtained using a carbon ion beam and variable water column. DL‐DECT monoenergetic (mono‐E) reconstructions were employed to obtain RSP by adapting the Yang–Saito–Landry (YSL) method. The method was compared to reference RSP via the root mean square error (RMSE) over insert mean values obtained from volumetric regions of interest. The accuracy of intermediate quantities such as the relative electron density (RED), effective atomic number (EAN), and the mono‐E was additionally evaluated.ResultsThe lung inserts showed higher errors for all quantities and we report RMSE excluding them. RMSE for μ from DL‐DECT mono‐E was below 1.9%. For the evaluation inserts at D = 150 mm and V = 140 kV, RED RMSE was 1.0%, while for EAN it was 2.9%. RSP RMSE was below 0.8% for all D and V, which did not strongly affect the results.ConclusionsIn this investigation of RSP accuracy from DL‐DECT, we have shown that RMSE below 1% can be achieved. It was possible to adapt the YSL method for DL‐DECT and intermediate quantities RED and EAN had comparable accuracy to previous publications.
Controlled Synthesis, Characterization, and Flow Properties of Ethylene–Diene Copolymers
Authors: Das Chinmay , Elguweri Muhiddin , Jiang Peijun , Kang Shuhui , Kelchtermans Mauritz , McLeish Tom C. B. , Parkinson Matthew , Read Daniel J. , Redlich Michael P. , Shirodkar Pradeep P. , Soulages Johannes M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe flow response of branched entangled resins is dominated by the branching topology of the constituent molecules, a property that is not directly accessible using experimental analytical tools for industrially relevant complex resins. In this paper, the controlled terpolymerization of ethylene, 1,9‐decadiene, and either hexene or octene in a continuous stirred tank reactor with a metallocene catalyst, is reported. The synthesized samples are characterized extensively with various analytical tools and their rheological properties are measured with small amplitude oscillatory shear and start‐up uniaxial extension experiments. A model is developed for the polymerization process with the mass balance during synthesis providing strong constraints on the rate constants. In silico ensembles of molecules, generated via Monte Carlo sampling, are used to reproduce the experimental results. The computer model allows us to infer the detailed branching structure of the molecules and to predict the optimum range of reactor conditions for this synthesis.
The effect of flow on blood oxygen level dependent (R*2) MRI of orthotopic lung tumors
Authors: Zhou Heling , Belzile Olivier , Zhang Zhang , Wagner Jo , Ahn Chul , Richardson James A. , Saha Debabrata , Brekken Rolf A. , Mason Ralph P. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeBlood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI based on measurements can provide insights into tumor vascular oxygenation. However, measurements are susceptible to blood flow, which may vary accompanying a hyperoxic gas challenge. We investigated flow sensitivity by comparing measurements with and without flow suppression (fs) in 2 orthotopic lung xenograft tumor models.MethodsH460 (n = 20) and A549 (n = 20) human lung tumor xenografts were induced by surgical implantation of cancer cells in the right lung of nude rats. MRI was performed at 4.7T after tumors reached 5 to 8 mm in diameter. A multiecho gradient echo MRI sequence was acquired with and without spatial saturation bands on each side of the imaging plane to evaluate the effect of flow on . fs and non‐fs MRI measurements were interleaved during an oxygen breathing challenge (from air to 100% O2). ‐weighted signal intensity changes (ΔSI(%)) and measurements were obtained for regions of interest and on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis and discrepancies quantified with Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsFlow suppression affected ΔSI(%) and measurements in each tumor model. Average discrepancy and limits of agreement from Bland–Altman analyses revealed greater flow‐related bias in A549 than H460.ConclusionThe effect of flow on , and hence BOLD, was tumor model dependent with measurements being more sensitive in well‐perfused A549 tumors.
Improved chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with real‐time frequency drift correction
Authors: Liu Ruibin , Zhang Hongxi , Niu Weiming , Lai Can , Ding Qiuping , Chen Weibo , Liang Sayuan , Zhou Jinyuan , Wu Dan , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo investigate the effects of frequency drift on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging at 3T, and to propose a new sequence for correcting artifacts attributed to B0 drift in real time.Theory and MethodsA frequency‐stabilized CEST (FS‐CEST) imaging sequence was proposed by adding a frequency stabilization module to the conventional non‐frequency‐stabilized CEST (NFS‐CEST) sequence, which consisted of a small tip angle radiofrequency excitation pulse and readout of three non‐phase‐encoded k‐space lines. Experiments were performed on an egg white phantom and 26 human subjects on a heavy‐duty clinical scanner, in order to compare the difference of FS‐CEST and NFS‐CEST sequences for generating the z‐spectrum, magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) spectrum, and amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) image.ResultsThe B0 drift in CEST imaging, if not corrected, would cause APTw images and MTRasym spectra from both the phantom and volunteers to be either significantly higher or lower than the true values, depending on the status of the scanner. The FS‐CEST sequence generated substantially more stable MTRasym spectra and APTw images than the conventional NFS‐CEST sequence. Quantitatively, the compartmental‐average APTw signals (mean ± standard deviation) from frontal white matter regions of all 26 human subjects were –0.32% ± 2.32% for the NFS‐CEST sequence and –0.14% ± 0.37% for the FS‐CEST sequence.ConclusionsThe proposed FS‐CEST sequence provides an effective approach for B0 drift correction without additional scan time and should be adopted on heavy‐duty MRI scanners.
Ristretto MRE: A generalized multi‐shot GRE‐MRE sequence
Authors: Guenthner Christian , Sethi Sweta , Troelstra Marian , Dokumaci Ayse Sila , Sinkus Ralph , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: January 2019

In order to acquire consistent k‐space data in MR elastography, a fixed temporal relationship between the MRI sequence and the underlying period of the wave needs to be ensured. To this end, conventional GRE‐MRE enforces synchronization through repeated triggering of the transducer and forcing the sequence repetition time to be equal to an integer multiple of the wave period. For wave frequencies below 100 Hz, however, this leads to prolonged acquisition times, as the repetition time scales inversely with frequency. A previously developed multi‐shot approach (eXpresso MRE) to multi‐slice GRE‐MRE tackles this issue by acquiring an integer number of slices per wave period, which allows acquisition to be accelerated in typical scenarios by a factor of two or three. In this work, it is demonstrated that the constraints imposed by the eXpresso scheme are overly restrictive. We propose a generalization of the sequence in three steps by incorporating sequence delays into imaging shots and allowing for interleaved wave‐phase acquisition. The Ristretto scheme is compared in terms of imaging shot and total scan duration relative to eXpresso and conventional GRE‐MRE and is validated in three different phantom studies. First, the agreement of measured displacement fields in different stages of the sequence generalization is shown. Second, performance is compared for 25, 36, 40, and 60 Hz actuation frequencies. Third, the performance is assessed for the acquisition of different numbers of slices (13 to 17). In vivo feasibility is demonstrated in the liver and the breast. Here, Ristretto is compared with an optimized eXpresso sequence, leading to scan accelerations of 15% and 5%, respectively, without compromising displacement field and stiffness estimates in general. The Ristretto concept allows us to choose imaging shot durations on a fine grid independent of the number of slices and the wave frequency, permitting 2‐ to 4.5‐fold acceleration of conventional GRE‐MRE acquisitions.
Diet‐Induced Obesity in Cannabinoid‐2 Receptor Knockout Mice and Cannabinoid Receptor 1/2 Double‐Knockout Mice
Authors: Alshaarawy Omayma , Kurjan Emily , Truong Nguyen , Olson L. Karl 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) activation is associated with increased food intake and body weight gain. Human epidemiological studies, however, show decreased prevalence of obesity in cannabis users. Given the overlapping and complementary functions of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), mice lacking CB2R and mice lacking both CB1R and CB2R were studied.MethodsA high‐fat diet was used to study metabolic changes in male mice lacking CB2R (CB2−/−) or lacking both CB1R and CB2R (double‐knockout [CB‐DKO]) compared with wild‐type mice.ResultsWhen CB2−/− mice were maintained on a high‐fat diet, their weight gain was not different from wild‐type mice (gaining 19 and 21 g, respectively), whereas CB‐DKO mice gained only 5 g. There were no significant differences in food intake or locomotor activity between the three groups. Respiratory exchange rate and heat production were elevated in CB‐DKO mice, with upregulation of adipose tissue thermogenic genes. Glucose tolerance test and insulin levels indicated increased insulin sensitivity in CB‐DKO mice, whereas CB2−/− displayed signs of impaired glucose clearance.ConclusionsThese results indicate that lacking both CB1R and CB2R protected mice from diet‐induced obesity, possibly through the prominent role of CB1R in obesity or through an interactive effect of both receptors.