bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study and Optimization of Magnetic Nanoparticle Drug Delivery to Cancerous Tissues via External Magnetic Field
Authors: Roohi Reza , Emdad Homayoun , Jafarpur Khosrow 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Magnetic drug delivery to cancerous tissue as a noninvasive method is a promising cancer therapy. Several complex phenomena and parameters are involved in guiding nanoparticles to the targeted tissue and guaranteeing a predetermined distribution. A comprehensive Euler–Lagrangian method is utilized to simulate a realistic process of nanoparticle delivery and deposition in a cancerous tissue. Non-Newtonian and conductive blood flow in a typical vessel through a cancerous tissue in the presence of an external magnetic field is numerically modeled (both Lorentz and magnetization forces are considered). The cancerous tissue is assumed to be a multizone region with necrotic and live cell blocks. The effect of blood delivery to tissue cells via capillary vessels and blood drainage by the lymphatic system is taken into account. Particle paths and deposition are obtained using the contribution of all forces involved. The effects of Reynolds number (Re), magnetic number, addition of second magnetic source, and distribution of particles are also investigated. For all investigated conditions, the optimum magnetic number to maximize deposition is obtained.
Implementing the Equilibrium of Probabilities to Measure Critical Gap at Priority Junctions
Authors: Sahraei Mohammad Ali , Akbari Elnaz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article was carried out to implement the equilibrium method for the estimation of the magnitudes of critical gaps at priority junctions in Malaysia. This technique is dependent on the macroscopic probability equilibrium of the rejected and approved gaps. Accordingly, 18 hours of data from two junctions (i.e., from 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m.) were collected using a video camera technique. The values of critical gap were estimated for three turning movements, and it was compared by the method of the Troutbeck and Malaysia Highway Capacity Manual (MHCM). The values of critical gap using equilibrium method (with max rejected gaps) provide comparable outcomes with deviations smaller than 0.20 s as those from Troutbeck’s method. A comparative analysis was performed between the results of the equilibrium method and the MHCM with deviations less than 0.40 s. It was clearly indicated that this technique can also be utilized to calculate critical gap value in Malaysia, which is within the proximity of the MHCM’s and Troutbeck’s timings.
An Extended EEMD Method for Localized Faults Detection of a Planetary Gearbox
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Linfeng , Tan Hanjie , Wang Liming , Chen Zaigang , Shao Yimin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An accurate incipient localized faults diagnosis method is very helpful for preventing serious accidents of planetary gearboxes. Although useful, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method still has some issues in selecting the effective intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). To overcome these issues, an improved encircled energy EEMD method (EE-EEMD) combined with the EEMD algorithm, mirror extending method, Teager energy operator demodulation method, and EE index selection method is presented to detect localized faults in the planet bearings, ring gear, planet gear, and sun gear of planetary gearboxes. The mirror extending method is applied to address the end extending issue of the EEMD method. The EE index is utilized to determine the effective IMFs from the EEMD method. The energy separation algorithm is used to calculate the instantaneous frequencies of the effective IMFs. The results from the EE index, kurtosis, and weight kurtosis selection methods are compared. The vibration signal models of the localized faults in the ring gear, planet gear, sun gear, planet bearing races, and planet bearing roller are used to illustrate the validity of the presented EE-EEMD method. An experimental investigation for a planetary gearbox considering a spall fault in the sun gear is conducted to validate the presented EE-EEMD method. It seems the presented EE-EEMD method can be utilized to detect localized faults in the components of planetary gearboxes.
Evolutionary Rescue Through Partly Heritable Phenotypic Variability
Authors: Carja Oana , Plotkin Joshua B 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Environmental variation is commonplace, but unpredictable. Populations that encounter a deleterious environment can sometimes avoid extinction by rapid evolutionary adaptation. Phenotypic variability, whereby a single genotype can express multiple different phenotypes, might play an important role in rescuing such populations from extinction. This type of evolutionary bet-hedging need not confer a direct benefit to a single individual, but it may increase the chance of long-term survival of a lineage. Here, we develop a population genetic model to explore how partly heritable phenotypic variability influences the probability of evolutionary rescue and the mean duration of population persistence in changing environments. We find that the probability of population persistence depends nonmonotonically on the degree of phenotypic heritability between generations: some heritability can help avert extinction, but too much heritability removes any benefit of phenotypic variability. Partly heritable phenotypic variation is particularly advantageous when it extends the persistence time of a declining population and thereby increases the chance of rescue via beneficial mutations at linked loci. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of therapies designed to eradicate populations of pathogens or aberrant cellular lineages.
Efficient Generation of Endogenous Fluorescent Reporters by Nested CRISPR in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vicencio Jeremy , Martínez-Fernández Carmen , Serrat Xènia , Cerón Julián 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
CRISPR-based genome-editing methods in model organisms are evolving at an extraordinary speed. Whereas the generation of deletion or missense mutants is quite straightforward, the production of endogenous fluorescent reporters is more challenging. We have developed Nested CRISPR, a cloning-free ribonucleoprotein-driven method that robustly produces endogenous fluorescent reporters with EGFP, mCherry or wrmScarlet in Caenorhabditis elegans. This method is based on the division of the fluorescent protein (FP) sequence in three fragments. In the first step, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) donors (≤200 bp) are used to insert the 5′ and 3′ fragments of the FP in the locus of interest. In the second step, these sequences act as homology regions for homology-directed repair using a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor (PCR product) containing the middle fragment, thus completing the FP sequence. In Nested CRISPR, the first step involving ssDNA donors is a well-established method that yields high editing efficiencies, and the second step is reliable because it uses universal CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and PCR products. We have also used Nested CRISPR in a nonessential gene to produce a deletion mutant in the first step and a transcriptional reporter in the second step. In the search for modifications to optimize the method, we tested synthetic single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), but did not observe a significant increase in efficiency. To streamline the approach, we combined all step 1 and step 2 reagents in a single injection and were successful in three of five loci tested with editing efficiencies of up to 20%. Finally, we discuss the prospects of this method in the future.
Books Reviews
Authors: Komarovski Yaroslav , Stasik Danuta 
Published: January 2019

Yaroslav Komarovski. Visions of Unity: the Golden Paṇḍita Shakya Chokden’s new interpretation of Yogācāra and Madhyamaka, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011, pp. xii+451. ISBN 978-1-4384-3909-9 (Hardcover), $ 90.00
Danuta Stasik. The Infinite Story. The Past and Present of the Rāmāyaṇas in Hindi, New Delhi: Manohar, 2009, pp. 319. ISBN 978-81-7304-815-9 (Hardbound)
Congruity (li) as ethical notion in Zhu Xi’s theory of renxing
Authors: Silius Vytis 
Published: January 2019

Vilnius UniversityThis article deals with the cosmology and ethics of Zhu Xi (朱熹) and reconstructs the relation between these two fields of inquiry in Zhu Xi’s philosophy. This article opposes the still common view in contemporary scholarship that portrays Zhu Xi as a metaphysical thinker who introduced metaphysical notions into the Confucian discourse. The true originality and innovation of Zhu Xi was his attempt to appropriate the notion of li 理, which was the key term in the metaphysical speculations of Chinese Buddhism and was also adopted by the early Song neo-Confucians in their cosmological investigations, and to show its relevance and conformity to the classical Confucian ethical thought. The article demonstrates how Zhu Xi turns li 理 into a key ethical concept through identifying it with the particular course of the growth (xing 性) of things and ultimately, with the particular course of human growth (renxing 人性).
Tú y Usted en la ciudad de México
Authors: Cepeda Ruiz Cristal Yeseidy 
Published: January 2019

En este estudio nos centramos en los tratamientos de segunda persona singular tú y usted usados en el español de la Ciudad de México, en relación con tres variables sociales sexo, edad y nivel educativo (del hablante y del oyente). A partir de la frecuencia y distribución de las formas pronominales, así como de las valoraciones cualitativas de los encuestados recreamos el sistema de tratamientos actual y lo comparamos con información de investigaciones previas. Los datos indican que la edad, el nivel educativo y el sexo de los encuestados y de sus (inter)locutores son relevantes en la elección de una u otra forma pronominal; el cotejo con estudios anteriores permite apreciar un ligero aumento de tú frente a usted desde la década de los setenta, así como evidenciar un patrón de estratificación por edad caracterizado por el uso de tú cuando los hablantes son jóvenes y usted cuando los colaboradores llegan a la adultez. Los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos que ofrecemos provienen de 48 cuestionarios sociolingüísticos aplicados a capitalinos y migrantes internos que residen en la capital mexicana, hombres y mujeres de cuatro generaciones y tres niveles educativos.
Uma leitura da relação de Walter Benjamin com o historicismo e com a escrita romanesca de Alfred Döblin
Authors: Coelho Luiz Henrique Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

Resumo: A congruência entre os textos “O romance histórico e nós”, de Alfred Döblin, e “Sobre o conceito de história”, de Walter Benjamin, encontra-se na análise historicista, inserida em uma concepção vanguardista tanto no sentido sociocultural abordado por Benjamin quanto naquele delimitado mais especificamente por uma teoria sobre o gênero do romance, observado no texto de Döblin. Benjamin analisa os fenômenos históricos posicionando-se em relação à corrente historicista, criticando-a e se voltando sempre para uma visão vanguardista, inclusive no tocante à sua escrita. No texto sobre a crise do romance, parte de considerações sobre questões teóricas de autoria de Döblin e analisa a escrita desse autor em Berlin Alexanderplatz, reverenciando tanto a escrita quanto os aspectos teorizantes apontados por ele. Nesse ponto, encontra-se uma flagrante aproximação entre os dois autores como em outros textos de Benjamin e, também, nas proposições encontradas no texto de Döblin acerca do romance histórico. Na presente pesquisa, pretendeu-se analisar os pontos de aproximação entre os textos benjaminiano e dobliniano, bem como os seus distanciamentos, com a finalidade de se propor uma perspectiva que contemple também a escrita de ambos - amparada pela estética modernista - a partir de um viés histórico-teórico.Palavras-chave: Alfred Döblin; Walter Benjamin; romance histórico; conceito de história.Abstract: The congruence between the texts “Der historische Roman und wir” (The historical Roman and us) by Alfred Döblin and “On the concept of history” by Walter Benjamin concerns the historicist analysis, on a modernist conception both in a socialcultural sense, intended by Benjamin, and on that one defined more specifically by a theory about the Roman, observed in Döblin’s text. Benjamin analyses the historical phenomenon relating himself with the historicist stream, criticising it and placing himself in an avant-gardist point of view, including his writing on it. On the text about the Roman crisis, he begins with considerations about theoretical points from Döblin’s authorship and analyses this author’s writing on Berlin Alexanderplatz, reverencing both the writing method and the theoretical aspects pointed by Döblin. In this way, it is possible to find a flagrant approach between Benjamin and Döblin an, also, on the propositions found on Döblin’s text about the historical Roman. On the present article, it was intended to analyse the approaching points between the texts by Benjamin and Döblin, as well as their differences, with the finality to propose a perspective which contemplates also their writings – supported by the modernist aesthetics - from a theoretical historical bias.Keywords: Alfred Doblin; Walter Benjamin; historical roman; concept of history.
Aelia Laelia: alegoria e sonhos coletivos na formação negativa da dramaturgia brasileira
Authors: Delmanto Ivan 
Published: January 2019

Resumo: A partir dos conceitos de alegoria, messianismo e de imagem onírica, retirados da obra de Walter Benjamin, o artigo apresenta, de forma inacabada e incompleta, aspectos do processo histórico de formação da dramaturgia brasileira. Procura-se traçar o percurso de formação de uma dramaturgia nacional identificando os limites e avanços do processo de aclimatação das formas e gêneros de origem europeia, escolhendo como objetos algumas obras e autores em que se pode observar a presença de uma dialética entre negatividade e utopia que, não obstante sua diversidade, poderia caracterizar esse trajeto de formação como capaz de gerar obras tão dilaceradas quanto o tecido social que lhes corresponde.Palavras-chave: teatro; dramaturgia brasileira; alegoria, imagem onírica.Abstract: From the concepts of allegory, messianism and dream picture, taken from the work of Walter Benjamin, the article presents, in an incomplete and incomplete way, aspects of the historical process of Brazilian dramaturgy. It is sought to trace the course of formation of a national dramaturgy by identifying the limits and advances of the process of acclimatization of forms and genres of European origin, choosing as objects some works and authors in which one can observe the presence of a dialectic between negativity and utopia and how it, not withstanding its own diversity, could characterize this formation course capable of generating new works as lacerated as the social fabric to which they correspond.Keywords: theater; Brazilian dramaturgy; allegory; dream image
Alfred Döblin, crítico-romancista: propostas para o novo romance e a aliança da teoria e da prática em Berlin Alexanderplatz
Authors: Lago Izabela Baptista do 
Published: January 2019

Resumo: A partir de ensaios de Alfred Döblin sobre o romance, publicados entre 1913 e 1930, o presente artigo examina as considerações críticas e teóricas do autor sobre o romance enquanto gênero literário e obra de arte em consonância com seu tempo. Considerando em especial a proposta romanesca de Döblin na forma do romance épico, uma breve análise do romance Berlin Alexanderplatz, publicado em 1929, verificará em que medida os elementos presentes nesta obra se adequam com o posicionamento expressado por seu autor. Por fim, conclui-se que Döblin concilia suas propostas teóricas com a sua prática artística, transformando-se no crítico-romancista do romance épico, alinhado com as transformações e aspirações culturais do século XX.Palavras-chave: Döblin; romance épico; crítico-romancista.Abstract: Based on Alfred Döblin’s essays on the novel, published between 1913 and 1930, this article examines the author’s critical and theoretical considerations of the novel as a literary genre and work of art in accordance with its time. Chiefly considering Döblin’s novelistic proposal in the form of the epic novel, a brief analysis of the novel Berlin Alexanderplatz, published in 1929, will verify the extent to which the elements present in this work can correspond with the position expressed by its author. Finally, it can be concluded that Döblin conciliates his theoretical proposals with his artistic practice, which turns him into a critic-novelist of the epic novel, aligned with the transformations and cultural aspirations of the 20th century.Keywords: Döblin; epic novel; critic-novelist.
A content analysis of articles published in recent decade in environmental health journals with an emphasis on air pollution
Authors: Sajjadi Seyed Ali , Tirgar Aram , Aghalari Zahra 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the environmental concerns of many countries, including Iran. One of the most common and effective ways to ex- plain the importance of this issue is to perform research and publish scientific articles. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor scientific publications on air pollution in the specialized environmental health journals of Iran within the last ten years.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conduct- ed on all articles published in the field of air pollution in five specialized en- vironmental health journals within 10 years (2008-2017). Data were collected using a checklist in accordance with the research objectives. The variables in the checklist were selected based on the recommended items for writing medical articles by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). The ob- tained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Reviewing 1276 articles in 102 issues of the 5 specialized environ- mental health journals showed that 11.6 % of articles were published in the field of air pollution. The trend in air pollution researches over the past de- cade was a slow and growing trend. Studying articles related to air pollution showed that the highest proportion of articles (45.3 %) in this field were relat- ed to measuring the organic matter. The analysis of the content of the articles showed that, from the research methodology point of view, most articles (24.3
%) were performed by laboratory method.
Conclusion: Due to the widespread nature of air pollution issue in many cit- ies of Iran and other countries in recent years and its destructive effects on hu- man and other creatures, it is expected to focus and perform more researches on this issue. Hence, health policymakers should place the air pollution issue at a higher priority, and also it would be useful for researchers, especially graduate students, to focus on research in this area, drawing international co- operation.
Evaluation of noise pollution in Shiraz in 2018
Authors: Talaiekhozani Amirreza , Entezami Afshin , Alebrahim Amin , Ziaee Gholam Reza , Amani Ali Moham-mad 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Noise pollution has become one of the most serious environ-mental issues in the large cities of Iran. Although several studies have been conducted on noise pollution in different Iranian cities, to date no such study has been done in Shiraz, a city of roughly 1,250,000. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a map of noise pollution in Shiraz and compare the levels of noise pollution in different parts of the city.

Materials and methods: For this study, 33 areas were selected in Shiraz. The level of noise pollution was measured at the hours of 008:00, 13:00, 18:00 and 22:00. Then, with the aid of ANOVA, the level of noise pollution in each area was compared to those of other areas of the city. Finally, with the help of ArcView GIS, noise pollution maps of Shiraz were prepared.

Results: The results of this study showed that the average noise pollution of Shiraz at the hours of 08:00, 13:00, 18:00 and 22:00 was 58.55, 59.56, 61.1 and 61.07 dB, respectively. On Mondays and Wednesdays, averaging 61.4 and 62 dB, respectively, the highest noise pollution was found in the city of Shiraz. This city’s lowest noise pollution occurred on Friday, Iran’s weekend and day of religious observance, with an average of 56 dB.

Conclusion: Some parts of Shiraz at 13:00, 18:00, and 22:00 had higher noise pollution (70 dB). This study was carried out in late summer 2018, so it is recommended that such studies be conducted in other seasons. The results of this study can be used to create a comprehensive noise pollution management plan in Shiraz.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Dietary Patterns in Iran: A Review Study
Authors: Panjeshahin Asieh , Khosravi Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: January 2019

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOs) is one of the most common metabolic and endocrine abnormalities among women in reproductive age. In the case of not comprehensive treatment, PCOs can lead to hormonal, metabolic, and fertility disorders. The exact cause of PCOs is still unclear. This disease seems to have a genetic background caused by the interference of several key genes with the environmental factors such as dietary habit and food intake, which play an important role in prevention and treatment of this syndrome. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Magiran data bases to find the studies conducted in Iran on dietary patterns, dietary intake, food intake, and PCOs published in English. Results: The findings showed that decrease of weight and fat intake from total calorie (especially saturated fat and cholesterol), increase of physical activity and intake of dietary fibers can improve this syndrome. Furthermore, DASH diet, increase of the protein/carbohydrate ratio in the diet, the low-calorie diets, or iso-caloric diets with a low glycemic index can also be useful in this regard. Discussion: In recent studies, the effects of some healthy diets were studied on PCOs women. A few of these studies were about finding appropriate dietary patterns for PCOs patients, but their number was limited. So, further studies are needed in this regard.
EFEITO LETAL E SUBLETAL DA AMÔNIA SOBRE O LAMBARI (Deuterodon iguape, Eigenmann 1907), ESPÉCIE POTENCIAL PARA A AQUICULTURA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Barbieri Edison , Lenz Rafaela Marina , Andrade de Nascimento América , Lopes de Almeida Genésio , Yoshida Roselli Larissa , Barbosa Henriques Marcelo 
Published: January 2019

O cultivo do lambari, Deuterodon iguape, abastece grande parte do mercado brasileiro com iscas vivas para a pesca esportiva. As altas densidades utilizadas para maximizar a produção podem aumentar a concentração de amônia. A fim de avaliar os efeitos subletais e letais de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal (amônia não ionizada mais amônia ionizada), D. iguape foram expostos a este xenobiótico. Os valores de CL50 para 24, 48, 72, 96 h de amônia-N foram 6,17; 5,57; 3,88 e 2,90 mg/L a 23 Â° C. Os valores de CL50 de 24, 48, 72, 96 h de NH3-N (amónia não ionizada) foram de 0,015; 0,013; 0,009 e 0,007 mg/L. O consumo especí­­fico de oxigênio aumentou nas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal testadas. Os valores para as concentrações de 0,1; 0,25; 0,5 e 1,0 mg/L foram: 0,25, 0,33; 0,31 e 0,44 mgO2/g h. Na concentração de 1,0 mg/L de cloreto de amônio houve aumento de 41,33% no ní­­vel de consumo em relação ao controle. A excreção de amônia também aumentou com o aumento da concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal. Os peixes excretaram, em média, 0,0320; 0,0364; 0,0368 e 0,0370 mg/g/h de amônia. Comparando esses resultados com as médias de excreção de amônia do controle (0,0 mg/L), observou-se que esses valores representam um aumento na excreção de 146%, 177%, 189% e 184%, respectivamente. Após 24 h de exposição í­Â amônia, a relação O: N diminuiu em 43,46%. Nossos resultados indicam efeitos metabólicos pronunciados e aumento da toxicidade com o aumento das concentrações de amônia. Recomendamos evitar concentrações superiores a 0,25 mg/L de NH3-N na água da cultura para o D. iguape.