bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word comprehension mediates the link between gesture and word production: Examining language development in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Roemer Emily J. , West Kelsey L. , Northrup Jessie B. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChildren's gesture production precedes and predicts language development, but the pathways linking these domains are unclear. It is possible that gesture production assists in children's developing word comprehension, which in turn supports expressive vocabulary acquisition. The present study examines this mediation pathway in a population with variability in early communicative abilities—the younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; high‐risk infants, HR). Participants included 92 HR infants and 28 infants at low risk (LR) for ASD. A primary caregiver completed the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson, et al., 1993) at 12, 14, and 18 months, and HR infants received a diagnostic evaluation for ASD at 36 months. Word comprehension at 14 months mediated the relationship between 12‐month gesture and 18‐month word production in LR and HR infants (ab = 0.263; p < 0.01). For LR infants and HR infants with no diagnosis or language delay, gesture was strongly associated with word comprehension (as = 0.666; 0.646; 0.561; ps < 0.01). However, this relationship did not hold for infants later diagnosed with ASD (a = 0.073; p = 0.840). This finding adds to a growing literature suggesting that children with ASD learn language differently. Furthermore, this study provides an initial step toward testing the developmental pathways by which infants transition from early actions and gestures to expressive language.
Cloud‐based collaboration and productivity tools to enhance self‐perception and self‐evaluation in senior dental students: A pilot study
Authors: Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Proença Luís , Rua João , Delgado Ana , João Mendes José 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContextWeb/cloud‐based collaborations have been successively used in several educational and clinical settings with very satisfactory results against the traditional background. In this study, we assess the usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning and satisfaction of a cloud‐based clinical progression practice record comparing to a traditional paper practice record.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional forty senior dental students answered a USE‐Questionnaire on the traditional paper book versus a digital clinical book assembled with Google Docs. They were asked about usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning and satisfaction of both gears.ResultsThere were an absolute agreement in all four different dimensions, with the cloud‐based digital system evidencing more advantages and preference from the users’ perspective in usefulness (from P = 0.002 to P < 0.001), ease of use (from P = 0.034 to P < 0.001), ease of learning (P < 0.001) and satisfaction (from P = 0.001 to P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that a digital clinical book, using free cloud‐based collaboration tools, is more useful, easier to use and learn and more satisfactory than a traditional paper recording system. Also, this cloud‐based collaboration system presents characteristics that may guide future clinical research.
Comparison of two high doses of oral methylprednisolone for multiple sclerosis relapses: a pilot, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Hervás‐García J. V. , Ramió‐Torrentà L. , Brieva‐Ruiz L. , Batllé‐Nadal J. , Moral E. , Blanco Y. , Cano‐Orgaz A. , Presas‐Rodríguez S. , Torres F. , Capellades J. , Ramo‐Tello C. 
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeOral or intravenous methylprednisolone (≥500 mg/day for 5 days) is recommended for multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Nonetheless, the optimal dose remains uncertain. We compared clinical and radiological effectiveness, safety and quality of life (QoL) of oral methylprednisolone [1250 mg/day (standard high dose)] versus 625 mg/day (lesser high dose), both for 3 days] in MS relapses.MethodsA total of 49 patients with moderate to severe MS relapse within the previous 15 days were randomized in a pilot, double‐blind, multicentre, non‐inferiority trial (ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01986998). The primary endpoint was non‐inferiority of the lesser high dose by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score improvement on day 30 (non‐inferiority margin, 1 point). The secondary endpoints were EDSS score change on days 7 and 90, changes in T1 gadolinium‐enhanced and new/enlarged T2 lesions on days 7 and 30, and safety and QoL results.ResultsThe primary outcome was achieved [mean (95% confidence interval) EDSS score difference, −0.26 (−0.7 to 0.18) at 30 days (P = 0.246)]. The standard high dose yielded a superior EDSS score improvement on day 7 (P = 0.028). No differences were observed in EDSS score on day 90 (P = 0.352) or in the number of T1 gadolinium‐enhanced or new/enlarged T2 lesions on day 7 (P = 0.401, 0.347) or day 30 (P = 0.349, 0.529). Safety and QoL were good at both doses.ConclusionsA lesser high‐dose oral methylprednisolone regimen may not be inferior to the standard high dose in terms of clinical and radiological response.
Plastic mismatch effect on plasticity induced crack closure: Fatigue crack propagation perpendicularly across a plastically mismatched interface
Authors: Song Xiao‐Xiong , Shang Yi‐Bo , Shi Hui‐Ji , Niu Li‐Sha , Wang Zhao‐Xi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present work, comprehensive investigation of both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the plastic mismatch effect on plasticity induced crack closure (PICC) behavior and effective fatigue crack tip driving force. During the process of crack tip approaching interface, crack tip load and crack tip load ratio will change, resulting in the change of PICC degree. When the crack propagates towards higher strength side,Kop/Kmaxincreases; when the crack propagates towards lower strength side,Kop/Kmaxdecreases firstly and then increases. The two mechanisms of “interface plastic mismatch effect on nominal fatigue crack tip driving force” and “interface plastic mismatch effect on PICC degree” were compared. The second mechanism must be considered when building crack tip driving force model for describing fatigue crack crossing plastically mismatched interface, because it is more physically factual and maybe more important than the first mechanism.
Democratization in the Global South: From democratic transitions to transformative democratic politics
Authors: Stokke Kristian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDemocracy has attained a hegemonic position both as a normative ideal and as the dominant form of government, but there are growing concerns about democratic decline and crisis. The numerical growth of democracies has slowed down, and there have been some reversals from democratic to authoritarian rule in recent years. Nevertheless, the primary concern is about the substance of formal democracies, especially as recent democratic transitions have tended to produce depoliticized democracies and hybrid forms of rule rather than substantive democracy. This article uses the growth and decline of democracy as an occasion to review the current state of democracy in the world, discusses the links between the modality of democratic transition and problems of post‐transition democratic substance, and examines competing approaches to democratic deepening. A case is made for shifting the perspective on democratization, from democratic transitions to the open‐ended politics of substantial democratization. This means that the analytical approach should be broadened from elitist institutional design for electoral democracy to transformative democratic politics. The article presents this line of argument and provides brief illustrations based on recent transitions in the Global South.
Clinical and molecular evaluation of therapy with the use of cyclosporine A in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Michalska‐Bańkowska Anna , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika , Grabarek Beniamin , Mazurek Urszula , Brzezińska‐Wcisło Ligia , Michalski Piotr 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPsoriasis course involves increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, among others, a beta transforming growth factor (TGFβs) and its receptors. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressive medicine with the molecular mechanism of operation connected with the properties of cell cycle suppression, is often used in the treatment of severe forms of psoriasis. The efficacy of therapy is assessed based on the disease clinical progression indexes – Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the efficacy of the CsA treatment of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, based on the clinical parameters and an assessment of the expression profiles of TGFβs and TGFβRs, depending on the concurrent diabetes and metabolic syndrome.MethodsThe group under study composed of 32 patients (15 with the metabolic syndrome, seven with diabetes) treated with CsA for 84 days. The molecular analysis included extraction of RNA, assessment of TGβF1‐3, TGFβRI‐III gene expression with the use of the RTqPCR method. The clinical assessment of the effects of this pharmacotherapy involved evaluation of the parameters: PASI, BSA, DLQI before therapy commencement, on the 42nd and 84th days of therapy.ResultsA statistically significant change in the transcription activity of TGFβ1 in patients with and without diabetes (P = 0.018) and patients with and without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.023) was shown that on the 84th day of therapy.ConclusionsTGFb1 may be claimed as the supplementary molecular marker to evaluate the efficacy of CsA therapy. It seems that systemic diseases have an effect on the efficacy of the applied pharmacotherapy and the course of psoriasis.
Role of bone marrow biopsy for fever of unknown origin in the contemporary Australian context
Authors: Hong Frank S. , Fox Lucy C. , Chai Khai Li , Htun Kay , Clucas Danielle , Morgan Susan , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole F. , Juneja Surender 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundBone marrow biopsy (BMB) is an accepted investigation in fever of unknown origin (FUO) to uncover haematological malignancies, such as lymphoma, and sometimes infections. With the advance in imaging modalities, such as 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) to identify the focus of lymphoma, BMB may not contribute to the diagnosis when there are no other clinical features to suggest an underlying haematological disease.AimTo investigate the utility of BMB in determining the cause of FUO, when there are no other indications for BMB.MethodsMedical records of adult patients who had BMB performed for FUO or febrile illness from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2014 in four metropolitan tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia were reviewed. Patients with other concurrent indications for BMB, known human immunodeficiency virus infection and previously diagnosed connective tissue diseases were excluded.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were included in the study. Fifty‐one patients had a final diagnosis for fever (systemic inflammatory diseases, infective, malignancy or other) while 22 patients had no diagnoses. In only 10 patients (13.7%) did BMB contribute to the diagnosis, finding either malignancy or granulomata. However, all these diagnoses could have been made without BMB. Two patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma had normal BMB. FDG‐PET was helpful in making a diagnosis in eight (25%) out of 32 patients.ConclusionPerforming BMB in patients with FUO and no other haematological abnormalities is of very limited value, and other investigations, such as FDG‐PET, may be more likely to help establish a definitive diagnosis.
Validity and reproducibility testing of the Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) Index
Authors: Ghanim Aghareed , Mariño Rodrigo , Manton David J. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTo address challenges presented to clinicians to diagnose and treat molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), a new assessment tool was created.AimTo explore the reproducibility and validity of a new instrument developed to assess MIH.MethodsInter‐rater and test‐retest reliabilities were examined using Cronbach's alpha. Thirty‐five oral health professionals scored clinical photographs for the presence/absence of MIH and other enamel defects using the new index. Face, content, and construct validities were assessed. A panel of six experienced researchers assessed face validity. Construct validity was determined by examining hypothesised associations with clinical variables reported to change concurrently or as modifiers of the MIH outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were also assessed.ResultsThe index reflected the hypothesised associations regarding the presence, prevalence, and severity of MIH, demonstrating construct validity. Researchers indicated that codes and definitions were clear and suitable for international use. The index showed satisfactory scores of sensitivity/specificity and PPV/NPV. Examiners achieved “Substantial” to “Almost perfect” levels of agreement in clinical presentation and lesion extension.ConclusionsThe tested MIH index had reasonably solid properties providing confidence that it is a reliable and valid instrument for use in population‐based and clinical screenings for diagnosis of MIH and other enamel defects.
Adolescent with caries and experienced interaction with dental staff
Authors: Mattila Marja‐Leena , Rautava Päivi , Saarinen Maiju , Tolvanen Mimmi , Ojanlatva Ansa , Jaakkola Sirkka , Aromaa Minna , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere is a lack of studies about how adolescents experience the interaction during dental visits. The experienced interaction during dental visits will influence how adolescents take care of their oro‐dental health, and how they attend at the dentist's office.AimTo explore the interaction experiences during dental visits of 18‐year‐olds with or without a history of caries.DesignThe dental health status at age 15 years was used as a predictor of subsequent interaction experiences with the dental staff. The dental health status was assessed by the Decayed Missed Filled Teeth index and interaction experiences by the Patient Dental Staff Interaction Questionnaire.ResultsAdolescents with a history of caries experienced the interaction at dental visits significantly more often negatively than adolescents with healthy teeth. The association was significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors (sense of coherence, gender, and duration of maternal basic education).ConclusionsUnderstanding, encouraging, and appropriate interaction with adolescents with caries may make patients more positive and receptive for treatment and self‐care.
Chemical plant protectants and plant growth regulator effects on annual bluegrass survival of ice cover
Authors: Laskowski Kevin , Frank Kevin , Merewitz Emily 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L; ABG) is susceptible to damage from ice cover. Effects of chemical treatments on ice survival under low temperature growth chamber conditions were studied. Field putting green plots of ABG were treated in the fall of 2014 and 2015 with Civitas, mefluidide, propiconazole or trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) at label rates. After acclimation, turfgrass cores from each plot were transferred to a low temperature growth chamber, received ice or no ice treatment and were sampled at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days. Ice was applied by misting plants at low temperature. In 2014, Civitas‐, mefluidide‐ and propiconazole‐treated plugs had the greatest amount of regrowth after ice and no ice treatments on most days; comparable results were found in 2015 but fewer statistical differences were detected. TE‐treated plants were no different from the untreated controls on most days in either year. Plants that were treated with mefluidide, propiconazole and Civitas had more polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) in crown tissue, with linoleic acid approximately 50% greater compared to TE and untreated samples. Civitas, mefluidide or propiconazole treatments improved ABG survival of simulated ice conditions, which could be associated with the changes to saturated and unsaturated FA ratios that were observed in this study.
A longitudinal study of parent‐reported sensory responsiveness in toddlers at‐risk for autism
Authors: Wolff Jason J. , Dimian Adele F. , Botteron Kelly N. , Dager Stephen R. , Elison Jed T. , Estes Annette M. , Hazlett Heather C. , Schultz Robert T. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Piven Joseph ,   the IBIS Network
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAtypical sensory responsivity and sensory interests are now included in the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under the broad domain of restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB). However, relatively little is known about the emergence of sensory‐related features and their relation to conventionally defined RRB in the first years of life.MethodsProspective, longitudinal parent‐report data using the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) were collected for 331 high‐risk toddlers (74 of whom met diagnostic criteria for ASD at age 2) and 135 low‐risk controls. Longitudinal profiles for SEQ scores were compared between groups across ages 12–24 months. Associations between SEQ measures and measures of RRB subtypes (based on the Repetitive Behavior Scale, Revised) were also examined.ResultsLongitudinal profiles for all SEQ scores significantly differed between groups. SEQ scores were elevated for the ASD group from age 12 months, with differences becoming more pronounced across the 12–24 month interval. At both 12 and 24 months, most measures derived from the SEQ were significantly associated with all subtypes of RRB.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that differences in sensory responsivity may be evident in high‐risk infants later diagnosed with ASD in early toddlerhood, and that the magnitude of these differences increases over the second year of life. The high degree of association between SEQ scores and RRB supports the conceptual alignment of these features but also raises questions as to explanatory mechanisms.
Developmental and family history‐based analysis of congenital fused labia phenotype in the captive common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Wedi Edris , Tkachenko Olena Y. , Do Valle Rodrigo Del Rio , Heistermann Michael , Michelmann Hans Wilhelm , Nayudu Penelope L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital fused labia (CFL) is defined as a failure or significant delay in the opening of the juvenile sealed labia majora. This phenotype is known to be variably common in adult captive female marmosets but has never been investigated in detail before.Materials and MethodsHere, we define, describe and quantify the variations in the degree of closure of the vulva in 122 captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) from 1.2 to 42 months old and include colony analysis.ResultsThere was a negative correlation between the degree of labial fusion and animal age after prepubertal period (P < 0.05). CFL females had higher number CFL relatives (4.3 ± 0.6 vs 2.4 ± 0.5 for non‐CFL, P < 0.05) and more external ancestors compared to non‐CFL (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results therefore suggest that CFL phenotype is most likely associated with epigenetic effects induced by the captive environment and colony management strategy of extensive crossing of family lines to promote heterozygosity.
Effects of isotretinoin on the hair cycle
Authors: İslamoğlu Zeynep Gizem Kaya , Altınyazar Hilmi Cevdet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/ ObjectivesIsotretinoin is a synthetic vitamin A agent that affects all of the pathogenic factors that suppress sebum production and play a role in the formation of acne. It is frequently used in the treatment of moderate‐severe acne vulgaris. However, there are some mucocutaneous and systemic side effects that limit the use of isotretinoin. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of isotretinoin on hair growth parameters.Material and MethodsIsotretinoin treatment at 0.5 mg/kg per day dose was started to patients with moderate‐severe acne vulgaris, and hair growth parameters were evaluated before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. Parameters were measured by Fotofinder dermatoscopy device using the TrichoScan Professional program.ResultsIn the TrichoScan analysis, the total hair count, hair density, percentage of anagen and telogen hair, density, count, and ratio of vellus and terminal hairs in the 0.73 area were calculated. As a result, there were differences in some values between the first analysis and the second analysis. However, these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionOur study was based on the mucocutaneous side effects of isotretinoin which are telogen effluvium and thinning hair. Our results support that the drug does not alter hair growth parameters in the short term and when very high doses are not used.
Hyaluronic acid gel based on CPM® technology with and without lidocaine: Is there a difference?
Authors: Micheels Patrick , Besse Stéphanie , Sarazin Didier , Obamba Martinien 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn 2011, a cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM®) hyaluronic acid (HA) gel filler was approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration. In 2014, lidocaine was added to the gel during its manufacturing process.ObjectivesTo compare the behavior and rheological properties of a CPM® HA gel with and without lidocaine.MethodsIn our office, we performed simple tests to document the cohesiveness and resistance to traction force of both gels. In two different laboratories, the rheological properties of both gels were measured. We used comparative data of the gel without lidocaine collected from over 6 years. We also observed the gels’ behavior when injected into the superficial and mid‐reticular dermis, comparing their distribution using both ultrasonography and histology.ResultsOver more than 10 years, we observed no difference between both gels, even if clinically we felt a difference in the gels’ viscosity upon injection. Their behaviors during injection were similar. Using more sophisticated tests measuring the gels’ rheological properties with different techniques, namely sheer sweeps, a difference was, however, noted between the two gels.ConclusionsAdding lidocaine to CPM® HA gel renders it more viscous. Whether this means a difference in the clinical results, however, would require a comparative clinical study over an extended time period.
Multidisciplinary Management of a Severe Maxillary Midline Diastema: A Clinical Report
Authors: Şen Nazmiye , Işler Sabire 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA maxillary midline diastema (MMD) is a common form of incomplete occlusion and often is a primary complaint of patients during dental consultations. MMD is considered to be a multifactorial phenomenon and can therefore be best restored with a multidisciplinary approach. This clinical report presents a multidisciplinary approach to the management of a 4.0‐mm MMD by using limited orthodontics combined with periodontal and prosthodontic treatments.