bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness and Academic Achievement Among Schoolchildren
Authors: Bartee Roderick T. , Heelan Kate A. , Dority Bree L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch is emerging suggesting that fitness not only improves health, but enhances academic achievement in children. Many studies have found the strongest correlation with academic achievement to be aerobic fitness. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of aerobic fitness and academic ranking on the association between improvements in students' aerobic fitness and their academic achievement.METHODSData were collected from 1152 second‐ through fifth‐grade students enrolled in 10 Midwestern schools. School‐fixed effects models were used to estimate the impact of improved aerobic fitness from the fall to the spring semester on students' spring percentile rankings in math and reading.RESULTSStudents whose progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run improved from the fall to spring semester moved up the national spring math percentile rankings by 2.71 percentiles (p < .001) for all students, 4.77 (p < .001) for less‐fit students, and 3.53 (p < .05) for lower performing math students. No statistically significant relationship was found between improved aerobic fitness and reading achievement.CONCLUSIONSImproving fitness could potentially have the greatest academic benefit for those elementary students who need it the most—the less fit and the lower academic performers.
School Factors Associated With the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management‐Related Policies and Practices
Authors: Everett Jones Sherry , Glick Sherry 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools are particularly vulnerable to pests, but integrated pest management (IPM) can address pest problems. This study describes IPM policies and practices and the extent to which they are associated with school characteristics.METHODSWe analyzed data from the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study, a nationally representative survey of schools in the United States (N = 568, response rate = 69%). Pairwise comparisons assessed differences in pest prevention strategies by school characteristics.RESULTSNationwide, 55.3% of schools conducted campus‐wide inspections for pests at least monthly; 35.6% of schools notified staff, students, and families prior to each application of pesticides; and 56.1% of schools required custodial or maintenance staff to receive training on pest management practices that limit the use of pesticides. During the 12 months before the study, 46.5% of schools almost always or always used spot treatments and baiting rather than widespread applications of pesticides, and 36.8% of schools almost always or always marked indoor and outdoor areas that had been treated with pesticides. No clear pattern emerged for school characteristics associated with IPM policies and practices.CONCLUSIONSThe variation in implementation of IPM‐related policies and practices suggest opportunities for targeted education among school staff about IPM principles.
Parent Perspectives on Health and Functioning of School‐Aged Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Colquitt Gavin , Walker Ashley D. , Alfonso Moya L. , Olivas Maria , Ugwu Bethrand , Dipita Theophile 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDYouth living with disabilities are at risk of experiencing poor health outcomes. Coordinated school health programs have an opportunity to help youth with disabilities and their families through health education, health services, and community engagement. The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework to analyze factors related to health conditions. We used the ICF to examine parental perceptions of health and function among students with disabilities living in rural and urban areas.METHODSWe surveyed parents (N = 71) using the parent‐report versions of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and Child Health and Illness Profile. From this group, parents were asked to volunteer to participate in in‐depth, individual interviews (N = 18). The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Researchers used the ICF linking rules to analyze and code the transcriptions. Emergent themes were assigned numerical ICF codes.RESULTSThere were more similarities than differences among rural and urban families. Children living with disabilities face significant environmental barriers regardless of context.CONCLUSIONSSchools can facilitate education to improve the quality of life of parents and families of children with disabilities. School authorities should consider the many environmental barriers both urban and rural these families face in the community. The ICF can be used as a framework for program planning for community‐based, health education for this population.
Enhancing Educator Engagement in School Mental Health Care Through Digital Simulation Professional Development
Authors: Long Michael W. , Albright Glenn , McMillan Jeremiah , Shockley Kristen M. , Price Olga Acosta 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDespite the critical role of educators as gatekeepers for school mental health services, they receive limited training to support student mental health. We report findings from a trial of an online mental health role‐play simulation for elementary school teachers on changes in attitudes and self‐reported helping behaviors for students experiencing psychological distress.METHODSWe randomly assigned 18,896 elementary school teachers to wait‐list control or intervention conditions in which they received the 45‐ to 90‐minute online role‐play simulation. We administered a version of the validated Gatekeeper Behavior Scale at baseline and postintervention, which measures attitudinal dimensions shown to predict teacher helping behavior change. Self‐reported helping behaviors were collected at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. Outcomes were compared between the intervention follow‐up and control group baseline measures.RESULTSThe intervention group posttraining scores were significantly higher (p < .001) than the control group for all the preparedness, likelihood, and self‐efficacy Gatekeeper Behavior subscales. All 5 helping behaviors were significantly higher among the intervention group at follow‐up compared to the control group at baseline.CONCLUSIONSWe found that a brief online role‐play simulation was an effective strategy for improving teacher attitudes and behaviors needed to perform a positive mental health gatekeeper role in schools.
The 3‐Year Longitudinal Impact of Sedentary Behavior on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students
Authors: Hunter Stephen , Leatherdale Scott T. , Carson Valerie 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSedentary behavior is linked to many adverse health outcomes; however, its relationship with academic achievement is less understood. We examined sedentary behavior's impact on academic achievement over 3 years in 4408 adolescents from the COMPASS study.METHODSSedentary behavior (screen‐based: watching/streaming television shows/movies, video/computer games, surfing the internet; communication‐based: texting/messaging/emailing, talking on the phone; and doing homework) and academic achievement (overall math and English marks) were self‐reported.RESULTSHolding time fixed, moving from the lowest quartile (Q1) to Q2, Q3, or Q4 of watching/streaming television shows/movies (Q2: OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84‐0.97, Q3: OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74‐0.98, Q4: OR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.64‐0.85) or to Q2 of surfing the internet (Q2: OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.78‐0.97) decreased the likelihood of surpassing English standards. Moving from Q1 to Q2 of communication‐based sedentary behavior (OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.82‐0.99) decreased the likelihood of surpassing math standards. Moving from Q1 to Q4 (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.15‐1.50) of watching/streaming television shows/movies increased the likelihood of surpassing math standards. Moving from Q1 to Q4 of doing homework (OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.02‐1.31) increased the likelihood of surpassing English standards.CONCLUSIONSPredicting academic achievement from total sedentary behavior is challenging. Targeting specific types of sedentary behavior should be considered for improving math and English achievement.
State Agency Support of Weight‐Related School Policy Implementation
Authors: Grannon Katherine Y. , Larson Nicole , Pelletier Jennifer , O'Connell Michael J. , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we describe state agency strategies to support weight‐related policy implementation in schools, and examine the association among state support, obesity prevalence, and strength of state policies governing school nutrition and physical education.METHODSThe 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study describes prevalence of implementation support state agencies provided to schools/districts. Implementation support items were analyzed by weight‐related policy area (eg, advertising, wellness policy) and by type of support (eg, technical assistance). Results were summed to create a total weight‐related policy support score. Linear regression was used to examine associations between policy support and state youth obesity prevalence (2011‐2012 National Survey for Children's Health), overall and stratified by state policy strength (2012 Classification of Laws Associated with School Students).RESULTSStates provided support most commonly for school meals and wellness policies (89% and 81%, respectively) and least often for after‐school PE (26%). Most states (80%) provided technical assistance. The total weight‐related policy support score had a significant positive association with state‐level youth overweight/obesity prevalence (p = .03).CONCLUSIONState agencies appear to be responding to their youth obesity prevalence with technical support. Schools and state agencies should work in collaboration to provide a healthy school environment for all students.
In vitro rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and composition of microbial community of total mixed rations replacing maize silage with red clover silage
Authors: Castro‐Montoya Joaquín , Witzig Maren , Rahman Mizanur , Westreicher‐Kristen Edwin , Dickhoefer Uta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate in vitro fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community composition when replacing maize silage (MS) with red clover silage (RCS) in total mixed rations (TMR) of dairy cows. Treatments included TMR containing forage (MS and RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions (dry matter (DM) basis) of RCS in TMR of 0.15 (RCS15), 0.30 (RCS30), 0.45 (RCS45), and 0.60 (RCS60), in substitution of MS. Samples of the TMR were incubated using the in vitro Ankom RF technique with a mixture of rumen fluid and buffer solution (1:2 v/v) for 8 and 24 hr. Gas production and total short‐chain fatty acids concentration did not differ between diets, whereas ammonia‐nitrogen concentration increased with increasing level of RCS. Acetate proportion was not affected by RCS level, but propionate showed a linear increase with increasing level of RCS at the expenses of butyrate. Branched fatty acids proportions linearly declined, reflecting a reduced deamination of true protein. Gene copy numbers of protozoa linearly decreased with increasing RCS levels, while total numbers of bacteria and methanogens were not affected by diet. The amylolytic bacteria Ruminobacter amylophillus and Prevotella bryantii showed evidence to increase with higher RCS levels after 8 hr and 24 hr, respectively, whereas no effects of diet where observed for the fibrolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Concentrations of purine bases, and total N production in liquid‐associated microbes declined with increasing RCS levels, suggesting a negative impact of this feed on microbial growth. The findings of this study suggest that in general, microbial protein synthesis might be impaired by the substitution of MS by RCS, therefore caution should be taken when formulating diets for dairy cows using high levels of RCS as ingredient.
Under pressure: biomechanical limitations of developing pneumatocysts in the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Liggan Lauran M. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: August 2018

Maintaining buoyancy with gas‐filled floats (pneumatocysts) is essential for some subtidal kelps to achieve an upright stature and compete for light . However, as these kelps grow up through the water column, pneumatocysts are exposed to substantial changes in hydrostatic pressure, which could cause complications as internal gases may expand or contract, potentially causing them to rupture, flood, and lose buoyancy. In this study, we investigate how pneumatocysts ofNereocystis luetkeanaresist biomechanical stress and maintain buoyancy as they develop across a hydrostatic gradient. We measured internal pressure, material properties, and pneumatocyst geometry across a range of thallus sizes and collection depths to identify strategies used to resist pressure‐induced mechanical failure. Contrary to expectations, all pneumatocysts had internal pressures less than atmospheric pressure, ensuring that thalli are always exposed to a positive pressure gradient and compressional loads, indicating that they are more likely to buckle than rupture at all depths. Small pneumatocysts collected from depths between 1 and 9 m (inner radius = 0.4–1.0 cm) were demonstrated to have elevated wall stresses under high compressive loads and are at greatest risk of buckling. Although small kelps do not adjust pneumatocyst material properties or geometry to reduce wall stress as they grow, they are ~3.4 times stronger than they need to be to resist hydrostatic buckling. When tested, pneumatocysts buckled around 35 m depth, which agrees with previous measures of lower limits due to light attenuation, suggesting that hydrostatic pressure may also define the lower limit ofNereocystisin the field.
Japanese public opinion about suspect interviewing techniques
Authors: Wachi Taeko , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe new citizen judge system in Japan was implemented in 2009. Further, a revision to the Code of Criminal Procedures, announced in 2016, stipulated that, from 2019, police interviews of suspects tried by citizen judges had to be recorded. Anticipating these changes to the criminal justice system in Japan, this study investigated public perceptions of the various suspect interviewing techniques in use.MethodsA total of 761 jury‐eligible Japanese participants completed an online survey that included items about five suspect interviewing techniques (Presentation of Evidence, Confrontation, Active Listening, Rapport Building, and Discussion of the Crime). The participants were asked to rate the fairness of these techniques and the likelihood that they would elicit true and false confessions from guilty and innocent suspects.ResultsParticipants believed that Active Listening was the fairest of the five interviewing techniques, most and least likely to elicit true and false confessions, respectively. Contrastingly, they viewed Confrontation as the most unfair interviewing technique, least and most likely to elicit true and false confessions, respectively. The fairer the participants perceived the interviewing techniques, the more likely they were to believe these techniques would elicit true confessions.ConclusionsThese findings could have important implications for decisions regarding the interviewing techniques used to elicit confessions admitted as evidence in Japanese courts.
Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of NAFLD: A prospective study with 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Xu Chaonan , Ma Zhimin , Wang Yunfeng , Liu Xiangtong , Tao Lixin , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua , Yang Xinghua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough evidence indicates that visceral adipose tissue is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is unclear whether the visceral adiposity index (VAI) can predict the onset of NAFLD. This study aimed to determine whether the VAI is an independent risk factor of NAFLD and whether there is a dose‐response relationship.MethodsWe explored the relationship between VAI levels and NAFLD in a health check‐up cohort established in 2012. There were 4809 subjects with baseline data and results from 4 follow‐up examinations. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established by demonstration of increased hepatic echogenicity with ultrasound and exclusion of alcohol overconsumption with questionnaires. We divided the subjects into 4 groups according to baseline VAI levels and used the Cox hazard regression model to estimate NAFLD risk by VAI quartile at baseline by adjusting for potential confounding factors. A Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was used to compare the risk of NAFLD incidence among individuals in each VAI quartile.ResultsThe 4‐year cumulative incidence of NAFLD in this cohort was 13.9%. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals, 95% CI) for NAFLD in the second, third and fourth VAI quartiles compared with the first quartile were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.24‐1.64), 1.73 (95% CI: 1.51‐1.99) and 2.13(95% CI: 1.86‐2.45) respectively. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis suggested that higher VAI levels predict higher incidences of NAFLD in a dose‐dependent relationship.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the VAI level is an independent risk factor of NAFLD and there is a dose‐response relationship between VAI level and NAFLD risk.
Descriptive epidemiology of salivary gland neoplasms in Nigeria: An AOPRC multicenter tertiary hospital study
Authors: Omitola Olufemi Gbenga , Soyele Olujide Oladele , Butali Azeez , Akinshipo Abdulwarith Olaitan , Okoh Dickson , Sigbeku Opeyemi , Effiom Olajumoke Ajibola , Adebiyi Kehinde Emmanuel , Ladeji Adeola Mofoluwake , Adisa Akinyele Olumuyiwa , Lawal Ahmed Oluwatoyin , Osayande Osareniye , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Adeola Henry Ademola 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesAccurate diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) in many centers in Africa is limited by poor diagnostic resources and ancillary services. Hence, we have carried out a multicenter epidemiological study to understand the true burden of SGN in Nigeria.MethodIn this descriptive cross‐sectional study, we have deployed resources available to members of the African Oral Pathology Consortium (AOPRC) to examine the burden of salivary gland lesions in Nigeria, using a multicenter approach. Data from seven major tertiary health institutions in northern, western, and southern Nigeria were generated using a standardized data extraction format and analyzed using the Epi‐info software (Version 7.0, Atlanta, USA).ResultOf the 497 cases examined across the seven centers, we observed that SGN occurred more in females than males. Overall, pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PA) was found to be the most common. PA was found to be the commonest benign SGN while adenocystic carcinoma (ADCC) was the commonest malignant SGN. Regional variations were observed for age group, diagnosis, and gender distribution. Significant statistical differences were found between males and females for malignant SGNs (p‐value=0.037).ConclusionWe found regional variation in the pattern of distribution of SGN in Nigeria. This is the largest multicenter study of SGN in Nigeria, and our findings are robust and representative of the epidemiology of this neoplasm in Nigeria.
Risk factors for reduced bone mineral density measurements in milk‐allergic patients
Authors: Goldberg Michael R. , Nachshon Liat , Sinai Tali , Epstein‐Rigbi Naama , Oren Yael , Eisenberg Eli , Katz Yitzhak , Elizur Arnon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarlier studies noted that young adults with IgE‐mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE‐CMA) have significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) than age‐ and gender‐matched controls. We sought to identify additional risk factors contributing to the low BMD in IgE‐CMA patients.MethodsPostpubertal (defined by Tanner stage V) IgE‐CMA patients (n = 78; 16‐ to 30‐year‐old females and 17.5‐ to 30‐year‐old males) were evaluated prospectively for BMD using a DXA scan, serum values of bone turnover factor, and dietary and lifestyle questionnaires. Patients receiving > 2 short courses of systemic steroid treatments were excluded.ResultsAbnormal BMD measurements (T‐ or Z‐scores < −1.0) of the lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck, or hip were noted in 60 patients, while normal BMD values were present in 18 patients, despite similarly decreased calcium intakes between the groups (P = 0.92). Patients with abnormal BMD were more likely to be asthmatic (P = 0.014), have a lower weight z‐score (P = 0.007), have a decreased percent caloric intake derived from fat (P = 0.01), and have an increased carbohydrate intake (P = 0.03), in comparison with the normal‐BMD group. Serum values of bone turnover were similar between the groups. On multivariate regression analysis, only asthma significantly (P = 0.006) increased the risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis (OR 38.5, 95% CI 2.8‐500). Fitting continuous z‐scores into a regression model, both asthma and weight z‐score were significant (adjusted r2 = 0.272). Asthma was significantly overrepresented in osteopenic and osteoporotic subpopulations while decreased weight only in patients with osteoporosis.ConclusionsIn the context of a low calcium intake, asthma and weight are independent risk factors for decreased BMD in IgE‐CMA patients.
Is mentalization‐based therapy effective in treating the symptoms of borderline personality disorder? A systematic review
Authors: Vogt Katharina Sophie , Norman Paul 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis review sought to systematically review evidence on the efficacy of mentalization‐based therapy (MBT) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), in particular, in decreasing psychiatric symptoms associated with BPD and its comorbid disorders.MethodFourteen papers were included in the review which examined the effectiveness of MBT in the context of BPD; these included 11 original studies and three follow‐up papers.ResultsMentalization‐based therapy was found to achieve either superior or equal reductions in psychiatric symptoms when compared with other treatments (supportive group therapy, treatment as usual/standard psychiatric care, structured clinical management, and specialized clinical management).DiscussionMentalization‐based therapy can achieve significant reductions in BPD symptom severity and the severity of comorbid disorders as well as increase quality of life. However, caution is required, as the need for better quality research such as randomized controlled trials is pressing. Research is also needed on the proposed mediators of MBT.Practitioner points

Mentalization‐based therapy (MBT) is increasingly being considered as a treatment for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD), and a systematic review was required to investigate its effectiveness.

MBT was found to be equally as effective or superior to well‐established comparison treatments of BPD, however, the majority of studies was of unsatisfying quality.

Little is known about the mechanisms of MBT.

Further, better quality trials are needed to investigate its efficacy in treating BPD.