bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Age-Related Metamemory Differences using Modified Brier Scores and Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Parlett-Pelleriti Chelsea , Lin Grace C. , Jones Masha R. , Linstead Erik , Jaeggi Susanne M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOlder adults (OAs) typically experience memory failures as they age. However, with some exceptions, studies of OAs’ ability to assess their own memory functions—Metamemory (MM)— find little evidence that this function is susceptible to age-related decline. Our study examines OAs’ and young adults’ (YAs) MM performance and strategy use. Groups of YAs (N = 138) and OAs (N = 79) performed a MM task that required participants to place bets on how likely they were to remember words in a list. Our analytical approach includes hierarchical clustering, and we introduce a new measure of MM—the modified Brier—in order to adjust for differences in scale usage between participants. Our data indicate that OAs and YAs differ in the strategies they use to assess their memory and in how well their MM matches with memory performance. However, there was no evidence that the chosen strategies were associated with differences in MM match, indicating that there are multiple strategies that might be effective (i.e. lead to similar match) in this MM task.
Kasus Perundungan Anak di Jawa Barat: Temuan Awal Children’s Worlds Survey di Indonesia
Authors: Borualogo Ihsana Sabriani , Gumilang Erlang 
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to describe the rate of bullying cases on children age 8, 10, and 12 year-olds in 27 Kota/Kabupaten in West Java. There were 22,616 children age 8, 10, and 12 year-olds who participated in this survey. This survey used stratified cluster random sampling to get a representative sample. Bullying actions were measured by reported frequency of experiencing being bullied physically and verbally by siblings and being bullied physically, verbally, and psychologically by other children at school last month. The highest rate was children reported being bullied physically by siblings and being bullied verbally by other children at school. Results show differences on age and gender on types of bullying. Bullying is a serious problem that needs to be taken into account to stop bullying cases in West Java.
Anti-Ulcerogenic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Securinega virosa Leaf in Indomethacin-Induced Ulcerated Rats
Authors: SALAWU Musa O. , YEKEEN Abdsamad , NAFIU Mikhail O. , OLOYEDE Hussein O.B. 
Published: June 2019

The anti-ulcerogenic activities of Securinega virosa aqueous leaf extract on gastric ulcer induced with indomethacin in albino rats were studied. Thirty rats weighing 120 - 200 g were grouped into six groups of five rats each. All groups except the uninduced-untreated (group A) were starved for 24 hours prior to indomethacin administration. After 4 hours of 30 mg kg-1 b.w. indomethacin administration, the groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) received once daily oral doses of distilled water (5ml kg-1 b.w.), cimetidine 60 mg kg-1 (b.w.) and the S. virosa extract at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg kg-1 b.w. respectively for 11 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in groups B, C, D, E and F were starved for 18 hours then sacrificed. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased gastric secretion volume, mean ulcer index, total acidity, total protein and pepsin secretion relative to the induced-untreated rats. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric pH and total carbohydrate content relative to the induced-untreated. These results were similar to those achieved by treatment with cimetidine. Catalase and SOD activities in the 35, 70 and 140 mg kg-1 bw S. virosa extract-treated groups were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the untreated group. Similarly, the extract reversed the indomethacin-induced decrease in reduced glutathione level (GSSH) and the increase in malondialdehyde concentration in the serum. The histological analysis showed positive effect of the extract on the indomethacin-induced ulceration. It was concluded that the extract has anti-ulcerative and antioxidant activity in indomethacin-induced ulcerative rats.
Molecular Characterization of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) Populations Grown in Aydin, Turkey
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , CANER Serkan , COŞKUN Mahmut 
Published: June 2019

In this study, we performed a genetic diversity analysis using RAPD markers for some Vitex agnus-castus populations grown in Aydin, Turkey. Total genomic DNA isolation from the leaves of Vitex agnus-castus was performed using a commercial kit. Seven RAPD primers (OPA-02, OPA-05, OPA-13, OPA-15, OPA-16, OPA-18, OPA-20) were used to determine genetic diversity among populations. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all genomic DNA samples and primers. PCR products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under UV light. The amplified products were scored as bands (1) and no bands (0) for all gel images and their matrix files were generated. A total of 36 characters were obtained from the primers. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the cultivars were calculated by using the PAUP* (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony and other methods) program. According to PAUP analysis, the closest genetic distances were between Çine pink flower and Çakmar purple flower, and Çakmar pink flower and Çakmar purple flower populations with a value of 0.05556; and the greatest genetic distance was between Çakmar pink flower and Köşk purple flower populations with a value of 0.36111. In the phylogenetic analysis obtained using UPGMA algorithms, the phylogenetic tree consisted of four groups. The results suggest that RAPD markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships among Vitex agnus-castus genotypes.
Tuber Depth and Yield Response of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) to Soil Texture and Rates of Poultry and Pig Manure
Authors: FABUNMI Thomas O. , AMALAHU Joyce U. 
Published: June 2019

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate tuber depth and weight of tiger nut produced in loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil using 0, 200, 300 or 400 g per pot of poultry or pig manure in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design and replicated three times. Total tuber weight and weight of tubers at 10 cm were significantly increased by application of manure compared with the control. Significant interaction of soil texture X manure types X manure rates was recorded on weight of tubers at 20 cm. Percentage of tubers at 0-10 cm was 90.6-92.1% (91.5-93.6% tuber weight); while 6.68-8.96% of the tubers (5.49-8.47% tuber weight) were harvested between 10-20 cm soil depth; only 0-0.94% of the tuber weight was harvested beyond 20 cm depth. Pig manure had positive effect on tiger nut productivity on loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil, while with poultry manure tiger nut productivity was enhanced on sandy clay soil; 300 g of pig or poultry manure produced similar weight of tiger nut tubers and is considered optimum for tiger nut productivity. Sandy clay and loamy fine sand had similar effect on depth and yield of tiger nut. More than 99% of the tubers were confined to 0-20 cm soil depth. Information on how deep the tubers of tiger nut can grow in soil of different texture and fertility status will enhance precise harvesting.
Performance and Quality of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) as Influenced by Crop Spacing and Rates of Swine Manure Application
Authors: FALODUN Ehizogie J. , OGEDEGBE Sunday A. 
Published: June 2019

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing and rate of swine manure application on the growth, yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and proximate composition of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). The experiments were laid out as a 3×4 factorial fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of four rates of swine manure (0 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1) and three crop spacing (50 × 50 cm, 75 × 75 cm, 100 × 100 cm). The results showed that spacing had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and number of branches, but substantially increased the vine length at 100 × 100 cm. Number of flowers and fruit weight per plant increased with raw spacing, while the number of fruits per plot and fruit yield (t ha-1) increased with a decrease in plant spacing, whereas the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm produced the significantly highest fruit yield (25.47 t ha-1). The concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Fe (4.28, 6.81, 4.55 and 0.80 mg kg-1) were the highest at 100 × 100 cm spacing compared to other treatments. However, N concentration (1.18) and uptake of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Na was highest at spacing of 75 × 75 cm and at 10 t ha-1 swine manure rate. The effect of spacing on proximate composition of muskmelon did not follow a particular pattern; however, wider spacing of 75 × 75 cm and 100 × 100 cm at 10 t ha-1 favoured most of the proximate composition compared to the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm and other manure rates. Although there was no significant difference in fruit yields of 10 and 15 t ha-1, application of 15 t ha-1, swine manure out-yielded 10 t ha-1, by 8.55%.
Apple Scab Disease Severity in the Sais Region of Morocco and its Sensitivity to Three Commercial Fungicides
Authors: LAHLALI Rachid , MOININA Alieu , EZRARI Said , MACLEAN Dustin , BOULIF Mohammed 
Published: June 2019

Apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, results in numerous fungicide applications in the Sais region of Morocco. We conducted the study to determine the susceptibility of cultivars through field survey and to evaluate the sensitivity of V. inaequalis to three fungicides using both in vitro and in vivo methods. We surveyed 100 apple orchards and collected two samples. Disease survey showed that the cultivars were highly susceptible to apple scab (grand mean of leaf scab: Golden Delicious, 40.31%; Starking Delicious, 20.45%; and Gala, 18.92%). Results underlined no significant differences between isolates in term of inhibition rate of mycelial growth and averaged disease severity. However, both treatment and concentration were statistically significant. EC50 values ranged from 2.33 µg/ml to 7.40 µg/ml and resistance factor (RF) values of 0.55, 1.02 and 1.79 were obtained for difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. In vivo tests at a concentration of 10 µg/ml on the isolate ViIF using a curative method showed a high efficacy of trifloxystrobin (96.38%), and low efficacy of thiophanate-methyl (29.65%) and difenoconazole (24.62%). V. inaequalis was most sensitive to trifloxystrobin followed by difenoconazole and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. From this work, it was recommended testing more isolates and contact fungicides in order to develop a baseline sensitivity of the pathogen population against commonly used fungicides to treat the disease, as continued usage over time and the introduction of new fungal races may result in a decrease in fungicide efficacy.
Abundance of Two Generalist Insect Pests of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as Influenced by NPK Fertilization
Authors: OKO James I. , ECHEZONA Bonaventure C. , AGBO Christian U. , MUOJIAMA Stella O. 
Published: June 2019

The influence of NPK fertilizer on the population of two generalist pests, grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) and termites (Isoptera spp.) on some cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz), was investigated in a field trial carried out at Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The treatments comprised all possible combinations of four rates of fertilizer application (0 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 400 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha), four improved cassava varieties (‘TMS 01-1368’, ‘TME 419’, ‘TMS 98-05-50’, ‘TMS 05 10’) and three modes of fertilizer application (Single, Split and Split-split) arranged in a factorial experiment and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were three replications of each treatment. Data were collected on Z. variegatus and termite incidences. In each season, incidence of Z. variegatus on cassava showed significant (p<0.05) difference among varieties. Varieties ‘TMS 01-1368’, ‘TMS 05 10,’ and ‘TMS 98-05-05,’ were significantly (p<0.05) more susceptible to the pest compared to variety ‘TME 419’. Incidence of termites on cassava differed significantly (p<0.05) among varieties in the late season and variety TMS 05 10’ was more susceptible to this pest than other varieties. Rates of NPK fertilizer had significant (p<0.05) influence on Z. variegatus incidence only. Application of various NPK fertilizer rates increased the incidence of Z. variegatus on the varieties compared to plots without fertilizer (0 kg/ha). The abundance of Z. variegatus in cassava field was influenced by fertilization and variety while termites were influenced by variety.
Occurrence of Salmonella in Raw Chicken Meat from Retail Equipment and Environments in Southern Nigeria Open Markets
Authors: OGU Gideon I. , AKINNIBOSUN Faith I. 
Published: June 2019

Salmonella species is one of the most significant food-related pathogens of public health concern, whose leading vehicles of transmission to humans are chicken products. Hence, this study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella in chicken meat in correlation to their retailing equipment/environments of open markets located in Warri, Benin City, Akure and Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Southern Nigeria). A total of 680 samples comprising raw chicken carcass (n = 240 muscle tissues), rinsing water (n = 60), hovering houseflies (n = 200) and swabs from retailing table (n = 60), cutting knives (n = 60) and meat storage containers (n = 60) were collected and analysed using standard techniques. Salmonella was recovered in 105 samples, presenting a prevalence rate of 15.4% (105/680). Rinsing water (40.0%) had the highest rate, followed by chicken carcass and retailing table (16.7%), storage containers (18.3%), hovering flies (9.0%), and then cutting knives (3.3%). The prevalence of Salmonella was highest in Benin City samples (24.7%; P<0.05), followed by Warri samples (15.9%), Ado-Ekiti (11.9%) and Akure (9.4%) being the least. The mean Salmonella counts (CFU/mL) per sample revealed that Benin City (0.09 × 102 - 5.49 × 106) yielded the highest Salmonella load, followed by Warri (0.00 - 6.11 × 105), Ado-Ekiti (0.00 - 5.49 × 104) and Akure (0.00 - 3.02 × 104). These findings suggest that the occurrence of Salmonella in commercial chicken meat is still high in most of the study locations and the rinsing water, tables and storage containers could be potential transmission routes. Adequate thermal treatment measures are recommended before consummation of commercial chicken meat within the regions.
Genetic Polymorphism of the Wild and In vitro Regenerated Plants of the Medicinal Grass Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus
Authors: ABDELSALAM Asmaa M. , CHOWDHURY Kamal , El-BAKRY Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2019

Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus grows wild in subtropical Africa, Sudan and Egypt. The species is heavily collected for its use in folk medicine and drug production. A wild population from south Egypt was used to determine preliminary genetic polymorphism within the species, using nineteen ISSR, fourteen RAPD and seven cpSSR primers. Three regeneration systems, somatic embryogenesis (SE), direct organogenesis (D), and indirect organogenesis (ID), were established from seed explants of the same population and polymorphism within regenerated plants was determined. ISSR generated a total of 222 amplified fragments for all genotypes, while RAPDs and cpSSR yielded 139 and 34 fragments, respectively. Wild plants showed an average low polymorphism for all marker types of 45.8%. Regenerated plants polymorphism was also low (SE=44.6, D=44, ID=46.2%). ISSR and cpSSR markers were more sensitive in elucidating polymorphism (51.5 and 46.87%) than RAPD (37.85%). ISSR was the most significant marker in producing unique bands, for the wild genotypes (6), SE (7), D (5) and ID (6). cpSSR followed producing 4 for wild genotypes, 6 for SE, 3 for D and 6 for ID organogenesis. Unweighted pair group with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering analysis and Jaccard’s similarity data suggested that wild plants and those regenerated through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis are more similar. The study elucidated low polymorphism within both the wild population and regenerated genotypes, with plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis being more similar to wild plant genotypes, suggesting their future use in studies with genetic transformation and ex-situ conservation of the species.
Introduction Pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: June 2019

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 2, Volume 11, 2019: The papers published in this issue (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/issue/current) represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches, we invite readers to find news about: endophytic bacteria - hidden protective associates of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses (review); Occurrence of Salmonella in raw chicken meat from retail equipment and environments in southern Nigeria open markets; fruiting species influence the seasonal use of the habitat by sloth bear in and around Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India; age susceptibility of wistar rats to alloxan-induced diabetes: a paradox; anti-ulcerogenic potential of aqueous extract of Securinega virosa leaf in indomethacin-induced ulcerated rats; evaluation of various biological activities of endemic Sideritis libanotica extracts; genetic polymorphism of the wild and in vitro regenerated plants of the medicinal grass Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. Proximus etc.
Los consejos políticos de Plutarco para el buen gobierno
Authors: Olano García Hernán Alejandro 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: el presente artículo de reflexión sobre el mundo griego y su impacto presente, parte de una serie sobre la aplicación de los consejos para el buen gobierno y hace parte del proyecto de investigación “Historia de las Instituciones-i. Explora el escrito de Plutarco de Queronea Consejos políticos de Moralia, elaborado hace dos mil años, en los inicios del siglo ii. Este efectúa una reflexión sobre la situación política general de los griegos bajo el dominio romano, en lo que se denomina “helenística” o “cultura griega romanizada”.
Metodología: el texto sigue los ejemplos históricos utilizados por Plutarco e incluye una selección de recomendaciones que aún hoy en día poseen mucha actualidad (revisión de fuentes). Por eso, su objetivo es guiar las fórmulas del buen gobierno desde el clasicismo griego.
Conclusiones: el pensador estudiado, con su sabiduría práctica y sus máximas délficas, nos muestra un esquema claro en el que los consejos políticos son aún actuales y de carácter didáctico.
Çevre Mühendisliğinde Su Arıtımında Ultrases Uygulamaları
Authors: YAKUT Şennur Merve 
Published: June 2019

Son
yıllarda artan endüstrileşme sonucunda, üretim faaliyetlerinin artması
beraberinde çevre açısından sorunlar getirmektedir. Bu sorunların temeli olarak
su kirliliği görülmektedir. Su kirliliğinin çevre açısından sorun olarak
görülmesinden beri birçok arıtım yöntemi üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu
yöntemlerden biri de son yıllarda üzerinde farklı modifikasyonlarla çalışmalar
yapılmaya başlanılmış olan ultrases ışınımlı proseslerdir. Ultrases ışınımında
kavitasyon adı verilen olay gerçekleşir. Kavitasyon olayı sonucunda oluşan
yüksek basınç ve sıcaklık sonucunda ortamda hidroksil radikalleri oluşur ve bu
radikaller suyun içerisindeki kirleticilerin giderilmesini sağlar. Ultrases
etkili ve uygulanabilir yapısı nedeniyle iyi bir teknolojidir. Ultrases ışınımı
tek başına çok etkili olmamasından dolayı genellikle başka proseslerle kombine
edilerek (adsorbsiyon, fenton, enzim
gibi) çalışılmaktadır. Ultrases ışınımının verimi yükselttiği çalışmalar
literatürde oldukça çoktur. Ultrases ışınımının çevre mühendisliği uygulamaları
çoğunlukla boyar madde giderimi üzerine olsa da başka alanlarda da (alg
giderimi, zararlı organik bileşiklerin bozundurulması gibi) uygulamaları
mevcuttur.
Moleküler Toksikoloji ve “Omik” Teknolojileri
Authors: BÖRÇEK KASURKA Ceren 
Published: June 2019

Toksikoloji, bir organizmada kimyasal, fiziksel, veya
biyolojik ajanlara maruziyetin sebep olduğu fenotipik değişiklikler üzerine
odaklanmıştır. Moleküler toksikoloji terimi ise çeşitli malzemelerin,
ilaçların, kimyasal maddelerin, toksinlerin vs
fonksiyonel mekanizmalarının anlaşılması için moleküler ve hücresel
biyolojinin, hücresel ve biyokimyasal seviyelerde kullanılmasına karşılık
gelmektedir. 1980’lerde moleküler biyoloji araçlarının geliştirilmesine paralel
olarak, toksikoloji dahil olmak üzere biyolojik bilimlerde bir dönüşüm
başlamıştır. Aynı zamanlarda yayınlanan, “Toksikoloji molekülere kaymaktadır”
başlıklı bir makale, toksikolojinin çağa adapte olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu
gelişmelerin ardından toksikologlar zehirli bir maddenin DNA’nın yapısı,
fonksiyonu ve (hedef) gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkilerini araştırabilir,
toksik cevabı düzenleyen genleri klonlayabilir ve “omik” teknolojilerden
(genomik, proteomik, metabolomik, interaktomik), epigenetikten, sistem
biyolojisinden, hesaplamalı bilimlerden ve in
vitro biyolojiden elde edilen
bilgileri harmanlayabilir hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde kullanılmakta olan
100.000'e yakın kimyasal madde mevcuttur ve bunların sadece küçük bir kısmının
toksikolojik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla, bilim adamları bu
maddeleri taramak ve etki tespit etmek için alternatif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar.
Sonuç olarak toksikoloji, kendisini hızla daha bütünsel bir bilimsel disipline
dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında
toksikolojik çalışmalara genel bir bakış sunmaktır.
Şantuklu İplik Özellikleri
Authors: ÖZDİL Nilgün , ÖZÇELİK KAYSERİ Gonca , SÜPÜREN MENGÜÇ Gamze 
Published: June 2019

Eğirme
alanındaki gelişmelerle birlikte, farklı alan ve son kullanımlar için birçok
iplik yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Şantuklu iplik, eğirme işlemi sırasında iplik
lineer yoğunluğunun değiştirilmesiyle şantuk görünüşünün elde edildiği ve özel
görünümü nedeniyle çeşitli giysilerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir çeşit
fantezi ipliktir. Şantuk iplik yapısı
iplik üreticilerine standart ürünler yerine üretildiğinde rekabet avantajı ve
ekonomik fayda sağlarken, müşteriler için de daha iyi bir dekoratif etki
sağlama olanağı sunmaktadır. Şantuk ipliklerinin belirleyici özelliği,
yapısındaki ipliğin uzunluğu boyunca aralıklı olarak değişen boyutlardaki
düzensizliklerin kasıtlı oluşturulmasıdır. Kalınlık, uzunluk ve şantuk
aralıklarının değişmesinin verdiği efektlerle giysilik amacıyla özellikle denim
olmak üzere dokuma ve örme kumaşlarda ve ayrıca perde, döşemelik gibi ev
tekstillerinde kullanılmaktadır. Şantukların büyüklüğü (uzunluk, çap, şekil),
tekrarlama aralığı, renk ve lif tipi değişebilir. Basit bir şantuk ipliği
yapısı, zemin kısmı ve şantuk kısmı olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır.
Şantuk ipliğinin görünümü, her bir bileşen parçasının uzunluğu ve doğrusal
yoğunluğundan etkilenir. Şantuk iplikleri yapısal olarak basit şantuk, değişken
numaralı, değişken bükümlü ve çok bileşenli olarak ayrılırlar. Bu çalışmada
şantuk iplikleri tanıtılacak ve şantuk iplikleri için tanımlanması zor olan
kalite kontrol parametreleri tartışılacaktır.