bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Surface Wettability of Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Proposing a Pore Scale‐Two Phase Design
Authors: Nazari M. , Shakerinejad E. , Kayhani M. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to investigate liquid water transport in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) by considering mixed wettability. The GDL is reconstructed using the stochastic method and the simulations are performed to explore liquid water behaviors in the GDL. In this study, the dynamic behavior of liquid water during removal from gas diffusion layer of a PEMFC electrode is analyzed. The results are related to the water management and the optimal design of the GDL. The effects of inserted hydrophilic layer on the removal process and water distribution are investigated and a wettability‐tailored GDL is proposed. In addition, liquid water dynamic behaviors and liquid water saturation within the GDL in steady state and transient mode are explored. The effects of mixed wettability on the effective clusters in GDL, merging of different clusters and the loops developed by the fingers are investigated in detail. The optimum thickness and optimum location for the inserted hydrophilic layer inside the GDL are also proposed. The results show that combination of hydrophilic layer with the hydrophobic pores leads to an increase in the performance of the PEMFCs. In other words, the water management in GDL can be suitably done by selection of location and thickness of inserted hydrophilic layer. Regarding different test cases, the optimum location of the inserted hydrophilic layer is GDL‐GC interface with the optimum thickness of 12.5% of GDL thickness.
Influence of the Cathode Catalyst Layer Void Volume on the Short‐term and Long‐term Performance of PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Taghiabadi M. M. , Zhiani M. , Shafiei M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe cathode catalyst layer void volume of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) determines the available three‐phase regions and routes of mass transfer in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this paper, four MEAs with different void volume of cathode catalyst layer have been made and their performance was evaluated and analyzed. The results show that for the MEA with cathode catalyst layer porosity of 20.8%, an optimal structure and a proper balance between catalyst layer void volume and Nafion content is obtained. The optimal void volume caused that electrochemical surface area for the MEA with the optimal structure be 1.45 times higher than MEA having a porosity of 29.5% at the end of the long‐term cycles. On the other hand, the mass transfer resistance (Rmt) at the end of long‐term cycles for MEA with the optimal structure is 4.8 times less than the same MEA having a porosity of 15.9%. This fact makes that MEA with the cathode catalyst layer porosity of 20.8%, both in short and in the long‐term, has higher and more stable performance than other MEAs; so that its maximum output power density has changed only 0.8% during 200 cycles.
Enhanced Performance of Ionomer Binder with Shorter Side‐Chains, Higher Dispersibility, and Lower Equivalent Weight
Authors: Kim O.‐H. , Oh S.‐H. , Ahn C.‐Y. , Kim S. , Kim J. K. , Kim J. , Yang S. , Choi M. , Cho Y.‐H. , Sung Y.‐E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInteraction between the ionomer binder and catalyst nanoparticles in catalyst ink is well known to play an important role in the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) because it determines the final micro‐morphology of the catalyst layer. Herein, we investigated the 3M series of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer binders, which have higher polymeric main‐chain mobilities, increased solubilities, shorter side‐chains, and lower equivalent weights than the Nafion 1100 series of ionomers. The molecular mobility was determined by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the differences in the structure of the catalyst layer surfaces were identified using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Hg intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The 3M binder with high dispersibility exhibits more developed and connected secondary pore catalyst layer structures and fewer clustered agglomerates; thus, it shows higher performance in a single cell, particularly under conditions of low relative humidity (RH). A comparative study of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results of the 3M and Nafion series of ionomer binders is also included. These insights help us elucidate the reason for the difference in performance by different ionomers and provide the foundation for improving the fuel cell performance of Nafion‐type ionomers.
Nuclear factor I X is a recurrent target for HPV16 insertions in anal carcinomas
Authors: Jeannot Emmanuelle , Harlé Alexandre , Holmes Allyson , Sastre‐Garau Xavier 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnal carcinomas (AC) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences, but little is known about the physical state of the viral genome in carcinoma cells. To define the integration status and gene(s) targeted by viral insertions in AC, tumor DNAs extracted from 35 tumor specimen samples in patients with HPV16‐associated invasive carcinoma were analyzed using the detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences‐PCR approach. The genomic status at integration sites was assessed using comparative genomic hybridization‐array assay and gene expression using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). HPV16 DNA was found integrated in 25/35 (71%) cases and the integration locus could be determined at the molecular level in 19 cases (29 total integration loci). HPV DNA was inserted on different chromosomes, but 5 cases harbored viral sequences at 19p13.2, within the nuclear factor I X (NFIX) locus. Viral DNA mapped between the most distal and the two proximal alternatively expressed exons of this gene in three cases (CA21, CA04, and CA35) and upstream of this gene (663 kb and 2.3 Mb) in the others. CGH arrays showed genomic gains/amplifications at the NFIX region, associated with HPV within the gene and RT‐qPCR, revealed NFIX mRNA overexpression. Other genes targeted by integration were IL20RB, RPS6KA2, MSRA1, PIP5K1B, SLX4IP, CECR1, BCAR3, ATF6, CSNK1G1, APBA2, AGK, ILF3, PVT1, TRMT1, RAD51B, FASN, CCDC57, DSG3, and ZNF563. We identified recurrent targeting of NFIX by HPV16 insertion in anal carcinomas, supporting a role for this gene in oncogenesis, as reported for non‐HPV tumors.
The Pucker sign: an operative and radiological indicator of impending operative difficulty due to severe chronic contractive inflammation in cholecystectomy
Authors: Strasberg Steven M. , Bhalla Sanjeev , Hammill Chet W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionMarked inflammatory contraction of the gallbladder at the time of cholecystectomy is associated with biliary injury.MethodsThe evolution of contraction is traced in two patients who developed acute cholecystitis.ResultsWithin months the gallbladder became fibrotically contacted and in doing so pulled the adjacent liver down, puckering the surface of the liver. This puckering could be observed preoperatively on computed tomography and also visually at the time of surgery.ConclusionsPuckering of the liver (“Pucker sign”) can alert the surgeon to the presence of severe contractive inflammation.
Physiological responses of hawthorn (Crataegus persica Pojark.) and quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) rootstocks to bicarbonate‐induced iron deficiency in nutrient solution
Authors: Valipour Milad , Khoshgoftarmanesh Amir Hossein , Baninasab Bahram 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHawthorn (Crataegus persica Pojark.) is used as a quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) rootstock in order to reduce the severity of iron (Fe) chlorosis in quince orchards in alkaline calcareous soils in central Iran. This study was conducted to investigate physiological responses of Fe‐chlorosis resistant hawthorn and Fe chlorosis‐sensitive quince cultivars to Fe‐deficiency and different levels of (5, 10, 15, and 20 mM NaHCO3), in the presence or absence of 0.5 g CaCO3 L−1 in a CO2‐buffered pH 7.8 nutrient solution containing 50 μM Fe(III)‐EDTA. A separate set of two free‐bicarbonate controls containing deficient [5 μM Fe(III)‐EDTA] and sufficient [50 μM Fe(III)‐EDTA] Fe concentrations was also used. Chlorosis symptoms appeared on the rootstocks exposed to and in the 5 μM Fe(III)‐EDTA treatment. In response to ‐induced Fe deficiency, hawthorn roots released high amounts of H+ and phenolic compounds to the surrounding medium, while no such response was observed in quince. The higher resistance to bicarbonate of hawthorn was also related with a higher root activity of the ferric chelate reductase (FCR), associated to a higher Fe(OH)3 solubilization. Accordingly, hawthorn seedlings in the ‐induced Fe deficiency had higher leaf and root Fe concentrations in comparison to those in the direct Fe deficiency. The addition of CaCO3, in general, had no or small effect on the root release of H+ and phenolic compounds. The effectiveness of Fe‐deficiency resistance mechanisms described for hydroponically grown hawthorn have to be evaluated under soil conditions.
Biosimilars: how similar is a biosimilar – a practical guide for pharmacists
Authors: Mirkov Sanja 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiosimilars are new biological medicines that are highly similar but not identical to their reference biological medicines. As biosimilars are produced from living organisms by genetic engineering, even a small difference in their production process has the potential to alter their efficacy and safety. Therefore, prior to their approval, biosimilars are assessed to confirm therapeutic equivalence and comparable safety and efficacy to their biological reference medicines. Once approved, adverse effects of biosimilars are continuously monitored by regulatory bodies. The lower cost of biosimilars improves affordability and access to new therapies for patients with serious diseases and these medicines are increasingly being prescribed in Australia. Hence, pharmacy professionals need to be aware of the structural complexity and important aspects of the regulatory approval process, immunogenicity and safety profiling, extrapolation of indication, nomenclature and labelling, interchangeability and substitution for these novel therapies.
Estimation of Cardiac Systolic Function Based on Mitral Valve Movements: An Accurate Bedside Tool for Emergency Physicians in Dyspneic Patients
Authors: Satılmış Siliv Neslihan , Yamanoglu Adnan , Pınar Pelin , Celebi Yamanoglu Nalan Gokce , Torlak Fatih , Parlak Ismet 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the success of mitral valve movements in the estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsAdult patients whose principal symptom was dyspnea were included in this prospective observational study. The distance from the anterior mitral valve (AMV) to the interventricular septum (IVS) during early diastole was measured first in B‐mode in the parasternal long axis (PLAX) named parasternal long axis–anterior leaflet septal separation. Second, the AMV‐IVS distance was measured in M‐mode in the PLAX named E‐point septal separation. Third, AMV‐IVS distance was measured in B‐mode in the apical 4‐chamber view named apical 4‐chamber view–anterior leaflet septal separation. Finally, maximum distance between the 2 mitral leaflets in the apical 4‐chamber view was measured and named mitral valve leaflet separation. Comprehensive echocardiography was performed by an experienced cardiologist. Correlation was calculated between mitral valve measurements and LVEF. Cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves and the chi‐square test.ResultsA total of 118 patients were included in the study. Parasternal long axis–anterior leaflet septal separation, E‐point septal separation, and apical 4‐chamber view–anterior leaflet septal separation were highly correlated with LVEF (correlation coefficient, −0.848, −0.833, and−0.822 [P < .001]). Parasternal long axis–anterior leaflet septal separation values less than 2.30 mm, E‐point septal separation values less than 2 mm, and mitral valve leaflet separation values greater than 25.15 mm exhibited a 100% negative predictive value in excluding reduced LVEF. Parasternal long axis–anterior leaflet septal separation values less than 4.95 mm, EPSS values less than 5.85 mm, apical 4‐chamber view–anterior leaflet septal separation values less than 6.95 mm, and mitral valve leaflet separation values greater than 24.05 mm exhibited a 100% negative predictive value in excluding severe reduced LVEF.ConclusionsMitral valve measurement methods may be useful in predicting LVEF or values thereof as a complementary method of diagnosing challenging patients on echocardiographic images.
Determination of iron(II) by chemiluminescence using masking ligands to distinguish interferences
Authors: Bolster K. M. , Heller M. I. , Moffett J. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIron(II) can catalyze the oxidation of luminol in seawater and this chemiluminescent reaction has been widely used for iron(II) determination. The method is vulnerable to interferences from other analytes that catalyze luminol oxidation. We have shown that addition of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) to a sample inhibits the reaction of iron(II) with luminol, while not affecting other substances that also catalyze luminol oxidation under our experimental conditions. DTPA‐treated samples can therefore be used as sample blanks, with the difference between an untreated seawater sample and a DTPA‐treated seawater sample related to the concentration of dissolved iron(II). The DTPA correction has been applied to measure diel variability of iron(II) due to photoreduction in a coastal environment, and to measure vertical distributions of iron(II) in the eastern tropical north Pacific oxygen deficient zone.
Task‐specificity in focal dystonia is shaped by aberrant diversity of a functional network kernel
Authors: Fuertinger Stefan , Simonyan Kristina 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTask‐specific focal dystonia selectively affects the motor control during skilled and highly learned behaviors. Recent data suggest the role of neural network abnormalities in the development of the pathophysiological dystonic cascade.MethodsWe used resting‐state functional MRI and analytic techniques rooted in network science and graph theory to examine the formation of abnormal subnetwork of highly influential brain regions, the functional network kernel, and its influence on aberrant dystonic connectivity specific to affected body region and skilled motor behavior.ResultsWe found abnormal embedding of sensorimotor cortex and prefrontal thalamus in dystonic network kernel as a hallmark of task‐specific focal dystonia. Dependent on the affected body region, aberrant functional specialization of the network kernel included regions of motor control management in focal hand dystonia (writer's cramp, musician's focal hand dystonia) and sensorimotor processing in laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia, singer's laryngeal dystonia). Dependent on skilled motor behavior, the network kernel featured altered connectivity between sensory and motor execution circuits in musician's dystonia (musician's focal hand dystonia, singer's laryngeal dystonia) and abnormal integration of sensory feedback into motor planning and executive circuits in non‐musician's dystonia (writer's cramp, spasmodic dysphonia).ConclusionsOur study identified specific traits in disorganization of large‐scale neural connectivity that underlie the common pathophysiology of task‐specific focal dystonia while reflecting distinct symptomatology of its different forms. Identification of specialized regions of information transfer that influence dystonic network activity is an important step for future delineation of targets for neuromodulation as a potential therapeutic option of task‐specific focal dystonia. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A nebulin super‐repeat panel reveals stronger actin binding toward the ends of the super‐repeat region
Authors: Laitila Jenni , Lehtonen Johanna , Lehtokari Vilma‐Lotta , Sagath Lydia , Wallgren‐Pettersson Carina , Grönholm Mikaela , Pelin Katarina 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nebulin is a giant actin‐binding protein in the thin filament of the skeletal muscle sarcomere. Studies of nebulin interactions are limited by the size, complexity, and poor solubility of the protein. We divided the nebulin super‐repeat region into a super‐repeat panel, and studied nebulin/actin interactions. Methods: Actin binding was studied using a co‐sedimentation assay with filamentous actin and 26 different nebulin super‐repeats. Results: The panel revealed notable differences in actin binding between the super‐repeats. Both ends of the super‐repeat region bound actin significantly more strongly, whereas the central part of the protein bound actin weakly. Thus, the binding between nebulin and actin formed a location‐dependent pattern of strong vs. weak binding. Discussion: The nebulin super‐repeat panel allowed us to study the actin binding of each super‐repeat individually. The panel will be a powerful tool in elucidating nebulin function in health and disease. Muscle Nerve 59:116–121, 2019
Robust stabilization of switched positive discrete‐time systems with asynchronous switching and input saturation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Hu Jingjing , Liu Dexiang , Xia Debao 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the stabilization problems of switched positive discrete‐time systems with asynchronous switching and input saturation jointly. The asynchronous switching means that state feedback controllers lag behind the subsystems for a period. Next, the input saturation comes from the saturation effect of state feedback controllers. In this paper, the exponential stability condition is firstly obtained based on mode‐dependent average dwell time method. Then, under zero initial condition, we analyze the boundedness and l1‐gain performance of the system with disturbance. Finally, considering that state feedback controllers for some subsystems cannot be designed, we study the exponential stability condition of the system with unstable subsystems. Moreover, optimization methods are given to get the optimal solution to the nonlinear inequality constraints.
Stacked denoising autoencoder‐based feature learning for out‐of‐control source recognition in multivariate manufacturing process
Authors: Yu Jianbo , Zheng Xiaoyun , Wang Shijin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn multivariate statistical process control (MSPC), regular multivariate control charts (eg, T2) are shown to be effective in detecting out‐of‐control signals based upon an overall statistic. But these charts do not relieve the need for multivariate process pattern recognition (MPPR). MPPR would be very useful for quality operators to locate the assignable causes that give rise to out‐of‐control situation in multivariate manufacturing process. Deep learning has been widely applied and obtained many successes in image and visual analysis. This paper presents an effective and reliable deep learning method known as stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) for MPPR in manufacturing processes. This study will concentrate on developing a SDAE model to learn effective discriminative features from the process signals through deep network architectures. Feature visualization is performed to explicitly present feature representations of the proposed SDAE model. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed SDAE model is capable of implementing detection and recognition of various process patterns in complicated multivariate processes. Analysis from this study provides the guideline in developing deep learning‐based MSPC systems.
Electroactive Scaffolds for Neurogenesis and Myogenesis: Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Zhongyang , Klausen Lasse Hyldgaard , Chen Menglin , Dong Mingdong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the major issues in tissue engineering is constructing a functional scaffold to support cell growth and also provide proper synergistic guidance cues. Graphene‐based nanomaterials have emerged as biocompatible and electroactive scaffolds for neurogenesis and myogenesis, due to their excellent tunable chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. This review first assesses the recent investigations focusing on the fabrication and applications of graphene‐based nanomaterials for neurogenesis and myogenesis, in the form of either 2D films, 3D scaffolds, or composite architectures. Besides, because of their outstanding electrical properties, graphene family materials are particularly suitable for designing electroactive scaffolds that could provide proper electrical stimulation (i.e., electrical or photo stimuli) to promote the regeneration of excitable neurons and muscle cells. Therefore, the effects and mechanism of electrical and/or photo stimulations on neurogenesis and myogenesis are followed. Furthermore, studies on their biocompatibilities and toxicities especially to neural and muscle cells are evaluated. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives in facilitating the development of clinical translation of graphene‐family nanomaterials in treating neurodegenerative and muscle diseases are discussed.
Prenatal natural history of congenital pulmonary malformations: MALFPULM population‐based cohort study
Authors: Delacourt C. , Bertille N. , Salomon L. J. , Benachi A. , Henry E. , Massardier J. , Mottet N. , Rosenblatt J. , Sartor A. , Thong‐Vanh C. , Valat‐Rigot A. S. , Winer N. , Lelong N. , Khoshnood B. ,   for the Prenatal MALFPULM Study Group
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess prenatal changes in the volume of congenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) and examine whether these changes differ in lesions that appear cystic on ultrasound compared with hyperechoic lesions, and to study the relationship between CPM volume and risk of fetal compression.MethodsWe conducted a nationally representative, multicenter, prospective cohort study, which included 579 ultrasound examinations in 176 pregnant women with a diagnosis of fetal CPM, between March 2015 and November 2016. Several ultrasound examinations were performed between diagnosis and delivery, including measurement of CPM volume. We modeled changes in CPM volume ratio (CVR) as a function of gestational age, overall and for cystic/mixed vs hyperechoic malformations, and examined the association between CVR and signs of compression during pregnancy.ResultsWhen modeling CVR changes over time, there was a statistically significant decrease in CVR with increasing gestational age (P < 0.001), but the pattern of change differed according to CPM phenotype at first ultrasound examination: cystic/mixed CPM were characterized by a monotonic decrease in CVR with increasing gestational age (P = 0.002), whereas hyperechoic CPM showed an initial increase in CVR up to 27 weeks of gestation, followed by a decrease thereafter (P < 0.001). Peak CVR values were predicted as early as 21–22 weeks for cystic/mixed CPMs compared with 25–26 weeks for hyperechoic malformations. Regardless of CPM phenotype, fetuses that showed no sign of compression at any point had substantially lower CVR at first CVR measurement, and the CVR remained relatively constant thereafter. Among the subpopulation of fetuses with no sign of compression at first CVR measurement, the odds of a subsequent compression was 7‐fold higher (adjusted odds ratio, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.6–29.9) if initial CVR was > 0.4 vs CVR ≤ 0.4 cm2.ConclusionsPredicted changes in CVR during pregnancy differ between cystic and hyperechoic malformations. This may be the result of different pathophysiological mechanisms or differences in the timing of occurrence of these different types of CPM. CVR measured at the initial diagnostic ultrasound examination was strongly associated with the odds of subsequent compression. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.