bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso de marcadores fluorescentes na engenharia tecidual óssea: estudo piloto
Authors: Dourado Raisa Cavalcante , Rolim Ana Emília Holanda , Rosa Fabiana Paim 
Published: December 2018

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> a regeneração e o reparo de tecidos ósseos perdidos é objeto de estudo da Bioengenharia Tecidual. O uso de biomateriais substitutos ósseos biomiméticos visa estimular os sistemas celulares e bioquímicos para restabelecer de modo mais eficiente o tecido ósseo nos casos de sua reconstrução. Ao investigar o processo de remodelação, é vital identificar áreas de novo crescimento para avaliar a eficácia dos biomateriais implantados e respectivos regimes de tratamento. A avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da regeneração óssea pode ser realizada através da aplicação de marcadores como o Xilenol, a Tetraciclina, a Calceína e a Alizarina. A administração desses marcadores de forma associada possibilita ainda marcar sequencialmente camadas de nova deposição e remodelação durante o reparo. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> estabelecer um protocolo para utilização dos marcadores fluorescentes de reparo ósseo xilenol, tetraciclina, calceína e alizarina, em ratos. <strong>Método:</strong> foram utilizados 35 ratos da linhagem <em>Wistar</em>, machos adultos, com massa corpórea entre 350 e 400g, e idade aproximada de 4 a 5 meses, distribuídos randomicamente em 5 grupos experimentais, submetidos à confecção de defeito ósseo circular de 8 mm em região de calvária, e administração dos diferentes marcadores segundo os grupos; XO - Xilenol; Ca - Calceína; Al - Alizarina; Te – Tetraciclina; C - Controle. Após 15 dias de experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados e as calvárias processadas e analisadas por histomorfometria, microscopia de epifluorescência e microscopia de fluorescência. <strong>Resultados:</strong> todos protocolos empregados para utilização dos marcadores fluorescentes xilenol, calceína, alizarina e tetracicilina foram úteis para identificar área de deposição mineral durante o período analisado de regeneração óssea em ratos. As imagens obtidas pela microscopia de fluorescência revela a presença dos marcadores incorporados à matriz óssea neoformada, no entanto a utilização da Alizarina e Calceína dentro dos protocolos testados mostraram-se mais eficientes. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> os protocolos testados nesse estudo apresentaram-se viáveis para utilização em pesquisas envolvendo marcadores de regeneração óssea, com resultados superiores para Alizarina e Calceína.</p>
Identification of nine microRNAs as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ren Zhi‐Peng , Hou Xiao‐Bin , Tian Xiao‐Dong , Guo Jun‐Tang , Zhang Lian‐Bin , Xue Zhi‐Qiang , Deng Jian‐Qing , Zhang Shao‐Wei , Pan Jun‐Yi , Chu Xiang‐Yang 
Published: December 2018

Lung cancer is a leading global cause of cancer‐related death, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for ~ 50% of lung cancer. Here, we screened for novel and specific biomarkers of LUAD by searching for differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in LUAD patient expression data within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The identified optimal diagnostic miRNA biomarkers were used to establish classification models (including support vector machine, decision tree, and random forest) to distinguish between LUAD and adjacent tissues. We then predicted the targets of identified optimal diagnostic miRNA biomarkers, functionally annotated these target genes, and performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the respective DEmiRNA biomarkers, their target DEmRNAs, and combinations of DEmiRNA biomarkers. We validated the expression of selected DEmiRNA biomarkers by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). In all, we identified a total of 13 DEmiRNAs, 2301 DEmRNAs and 232 DEmiRNA–target DEmRNA pairs between LUAD and adjacent tissues and selected nine DEmiRNAs (hsa‐mir‐486‐1, hsa‐mir‐486‐2, hsa‐mir‐153, hsa‐mir‐210, hsa‐mir‐9‐1, hsa‐mir‐9‐2, hsa‐mir‐9‐3, hsa‐mir‐577, and hsa‐mir‐4732) as optimal LUAD‐specific biomarkers with great diagnostic value. The predicted targets of these nine DEmiRNAs were significantly enriched in transcriptional misregulation in cancer and central carbon metabolism. Our qRT‐PCR results were generally consistent with our integrated analysis. In summary, our study identified nine DEmiRNAs that may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers of LUAD. Functional annotation of their target DEmRNAs may provide information on their roles in LUAD.
Improved Electrical Contact Properties of MoS2‐Graphene Lateral Heterostructure
Authors: Hong Woonggi , Shim Gi Woong , Yang Sang Yoon , Jung Dae Yool , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: December 2018

Abstract2D materials have been extensively investigated in view of their excellent electrical/optical properties, with particular attention directed at the fabrication of vertical or lateral heterostructures. Although such heterostructures exhibit unexpected or enhanced properties compared to those of singly used 2D materials, their fabrication is challenged by the difficulty of realizing spatial control and large area integration. Herein, MoS2 is grown on patterned graphene at variable temperatures, combining the concept of lateral heterostructure with chemical vapor deposition to realize large area growth with precise spatial control, and probe the spatial distribution of graphene and MoS2 by a number of instrumental techniques. The prepared MoS2‐graphene lateral heterostructure is employed to construct field effect transistors with graphene as the source/drain and MoS2 as the channel, and the performance of these transistors (on/off ratio ≈109, maximum field effect mobility = 8.5 cm2 V−1 s−1) is shown to exceed that of their MoS2‐only counterparts.
Chemiluminescent Probe for the In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging of Cancers Over‐Expressing NQO1
Authors: Son Subin , Won Miae , Green Ori , Hananya Nir , Sharma Amit , Jeon Yukyoung , Kwak Jong Hwan , Sessler Jonathan L. , Shabat Doron , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractActivatable (turn‐on) probes that permit the rapid, sensitive, selective, and accurate identification of cancer‐associated biomarkers can help drive advances in cancer research. Herein, a NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1)‐specific chemiluminescent probe 1 is reported that allows the differentiation between cancer subtypes. Probe 1 incorporates an NQO1‐specific trimethyl‐locked quinone trigger moiety covalently tethered to a phenoxy‐dioxetane moiety through a para‐aminobenzyl alcohol linker. Bio‐reduction of the quinone to the corresponding hydroquinone results in a chemiluminescent signal. As inferred from a combination of in vitro cell culture analyses and in vivo mice studies, the probe is safe, cell permeable, and capable of producing a “turn‐on” luminescence response in an NQO1‐positive A549 lung cancer model. On this basis, probe 1 can be used to identify cancerous cells and tissues characterized by elevated NQO1 levels.
Epoxy coating with self‐healing capability based on a 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole‐loaded CeO2nanocontainer
Authors: Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Aboutalebi Khadijeh 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we demonstrated a facile approach for the synthesis of nanocontainers using the encapsulation of a 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) inhibitor; these nanocontainers were capable of responsively releasing a corrosion inhibitor and of self‐healing performances. The anticorrosive performance of the CeO2nanocontainers was investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement in a saline electrolyte via the incorporation of different weight percentages (0.5, 1, and 2 wt %) of synthesized nanocontainer in epoxy (EP) resin. The EIS results show that the loading of 1 wt % CeO2nanocontainer containing MBT inhibitor in the epoxy (EP) coating [EP/NC MBT–CeO2(1%)] provided the highestRcoat, the lowest constant phase element of coating, and the optimum release of MBT at different operating pHs. The highest coating resistanceRcoatvalues of this coating (7.81 × 107Ω cm2) were about 12 and 8573 times greater than those considered for EP–CeO2and EP coatings, respectively. Different releases of the MBT inhibitor were detected at various pHs. We found that the coating operating in acidic media exhibited a better self‐healing performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47297.
Bio‐based blends from poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) and natural rubber for packaging applications
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Venoor Varun , Koelling Kurt , Cornish Katrina , Vodovotz Yael 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising bioplastic but has limited packaging applications due to its brittleness and poor processability. Incorporation of highly viscous high‐molecular‐weight natural rubber (HMW‐NR, gel extracted from NR) into PHBV can improve these properties. HMW‐NR is not commercially available, impeding commercialization of the PHBV/rubber blends. Therefore, an organic peroxide was used to selectively crosslink NR to increase its viscosity during its melt blending with PHBV. The PHBV/NR blends were fabricated through a two‐step extrusion process using a twin‐screw extruder. The blends contained two phases with crosslinked rubber being dispersed in PHBV, and had clear rubber loading‐dependent differences in performance. The thermal stability and melt strength of the blends were enhanced over pristine PHBV, indicating improved processability. The flexibility and toughness of the blends were improved by 59 and 20%, respectively, compared with pristine PHBV, and were comparable to commercial petroleum‐based plastics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47334.
Plastic scintillators with efficient light output and pulse shape discrimination produced via photoinitiated polymerization
Authors: Lim Allison , Mahl Adam , Latta Joseph , Yemam Henok A. , Greife Uwe , Sellinger Alan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(vinyl toluene) (PVT) overdoped with 2,5‐diphenyloxazole and using 1,4‐bis(5‐phenyloxazol‐2‐yl)benzene as a fluorescent secondary dopant can be used to detect and differentiate neutron and gamma radiation via scintillation. The low cost of PVT makes these plastic scintillators attractive for both portable and larger sized first line detection of special nuclear materials. Current fabrication methods rely on thermally initiated radical polymerization that generally requires an approximately 5‐day heating process in order to produce high quality scintillators. In this work, we report a proof‐of‐concept photopolymerization process to prepare plastic scintillators up to 20 g in size in 1 day. These plastic scintillators were comparable to standard thermally polymerized samples in terms of their physical properties and response to various radiation sources. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47381.
Size‐structured habitat selection by arapaima in floodplain lakes of the Lower Amazon
Authors: Richard Jordan C. , Castello Leandro , Gurdak Daniel J. , Peoples Brandon K. , Angermeier Paul L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Human modification of floodplain ecosystems is widespread and a major threat to fish populations, particularly in the tropics where fish diversity and rates of floodplain degradation are high. Identifying measures to minimize the susceptibility of floodplain fishes to habitat modification requires understanding dry‐season lake habitat selection for species of conservation concern.
This study examined the effects of environmental factors on dry‐season floodplain lake habitat selection by arapaima (Arapaima spp.) and determined the extent to which they differed across three size classes. In floodplain lakes of the lower Amazon River, variables were measured at locations representing habitat availability and compared with measurements taken where arapaima were observed during surface breathing. Regression models were used to account for between‐lake variation in the presence of arapaima owing to nearby fishing communities. The probability of arapaima presence at each sample location was modelled based on the variables measured.
The results indicated that arapaima expressed distinct habitat selection patterns, which differed significantly across size classes. The general pattern observed was that all arapaima were more likely to be found in deeper, more turbid, and higher conductivity locations, whereas smaller arapaima were more likely to remain near dense beds of floating macrophytes. The probability of arapaima presence differed among fishing community territories, reflecting differences in management schemes.
Deeper, macrophyte‐rich sections of floodplain lakes appear to provide key habitats for arapaima and deserve consideration for becoming priority targets for conservation of the rich diversity of fish species in these systems.
A spatially explicit approach to prioritize protection areas for endangered freshwater mussels
Authors: Dobler Andreas H. , Geist Juergen , Stoeckl Katharina , Inoue Kentaro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn spite of their conservation importance, only a fraction of lakes and streams globally – including their catchments – are currently covered by conservation areas. To identify conservation gaps, assessing the spatial distribution of biodiversity in relation to conservation areas is a promising approach. A gap‐analysis approach was used to evaluate the protection status of the habitats of two endangered freshwater mussel species,Margaritifera margaritifera(Linnaeus, 1758) andUnio crassus(Philipsson, 1788), in the Federal State of Bavaria, Germany.First, ecological niche models (ENMs) were developed for both mussel species based on presence‐only data in order to identify suitable habitats. Second, binary maps of suitable and unsuitable habitats for the species were used to compare different categories of currently protected areas in a gap analysis.The ENMs forM. margaritiferarevealed a spatially restricted distribution with good model performance, whereas the spatial distribution ofU. crassuswas wider and the model performance was weaker. ForM. margaritifera, a higher percentage of suitable habitat is already under some sort of protection, whereas forU. crassusonly half of the suitable habitats are under protection.The results suggest that suitable habitats of both species are not sufficiently protected. More effective conservation ofM. margaritiferaandU. crassusrequires separate management: increasing the respective protection categories of already protected habitats ofM. margaritiferaand incorporating an increased area of suitable habitats under legal protection forU. crassus.
Shifting Preferences for Primate Faces in Neurotypical Infants and Infants Later Diagnosed With ASD
Authors: Yamashiro Amy , Sorcinelli Andrea , Rahman Tazmin , Elbogen Rebecca , Curtin Suzanne , Vouloumanos Athena 
Published: December 2018

Infants look at others' faces to gather social information. Newborns look equally at human and monkey faces but prefer human faces by 1 month, helping them learn to communicate and interact with others. Infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) look at human faces less than neurotypical infants, which may underlie some deficits in social‐communication later in life. Here, we asked whether infants later diagnosed with ASD differ in their preferences for both human and nonhuman primate faces compared to neurotypical infants over their first 2 years of life. We compare infants' relative looking times to human or monkey faces paired with nonface controls (Experiment 1) and infants' total looking times to pairs of human and monkey faces (Experiment 2). Across two experiments, we find that between 6 and 18 months, infants later diagnosed with ASD show a greater downturn (decrease after an initial increase) in looking at both primate faces than neurotypical infants. A decrease in attention to primate faces may partly underlie the social‐communicative difficulties in children with ASD and could reveal how early perceptual experiences with faces affect development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 249–262 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryLooking at faces helps infants learn to interact with others. Infants look equally at human and monkey faces at birth but prefer human faces by 1 month. Infants later diagnosed with ASD who show deficits in social‐communication look at human faces less than neurotypical infants. We find that a downturn (decline after an initial increase) in attention to both human and monkey faces between 6 and 18 months may partly underlie the social‐communicative difficulties in children with ASD.
Influence of methane emissions on the GHG emissions of fossil fuels
Authors: Pieprzyk Björn , Hilje Paula Rojas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur study examines the effects of methane emissions on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of crude oil and natural gas between 2015 and 2040. Our scenario calculations, derived from global methane budgets and shale analyses, provided a range of 22–59 million tons of global methane emissions from the oil sector in 2015. By 2040, the methane emissions of crude oil will increase by between 18% and 59%. For the global warming potential over 100 years (GWP100), our analysis shows venting, flaring, and fugitive (VFF) emissions of global diesel and gasoline combined of between 8.78 and 14.80 g CO2eq MJ−1 in 2015 and 8.88 to 16.34 g CO2eq MJ−1 by 2040. Our minimum average values for VVF emissions of fossil fuels are thus twice as high as those used in the calculations for the fossil reference value used in the Fuel Quality Directive of the European Union (EU‐FQD). The VVF emissions from diesel and gasoline produced from shale oil will reach up to 26.84 g CO2eq MJ−1 and from shale natural gas liquids (NGL) up to 31.84 g CO2eq MJ−1. Our maximum marginal values for the VVF emissions of fossil fuels are thus up to nine times higher than the VVF value for the EU‐FQD. Based on our calculations, the EU‐FQD reference value for conventional fossil diesel will increase from 95 g MJ−1 to between 99.16 and 105.06 g MJ−1 for the GWP100 and between 109.80 and 124.70 g MJ−1 for the global warming potential over 20 years (GWP20). Our results thus show that the previous reference values for fossil fuels are clearly too low because their assumptions for methane emissions are far too low. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Prevalence rates of spina bifida in Alberta, Canada: 2001–2015. Can we achieve more prevention?
Authors: Lowry R. Brian , Bedard Tanya , MacFarlane Amanda J. , Crawford Susan , Sibbald Barbara , Agborsangaya B. Calypse 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundDespite a substantial prevention of neural tube defects with mandatory folic acid (FA) fortification, a significant number of cases still exist in Alberta, Canada, particularly spina bifida (SB). The purpose of this study was to review cases with SB to provide a possible explanation as to why SB is still prevalent in Alberta.MethodsCases with SB born between 2001 and 2015, ascertained by the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, were reviewed. Cases were classified as lipomeningomyelocele, syndrome/recognized condition, chromosome, associated multiple congenital anomalies, and isolated. The notice of birth forms were reviewed to determine FA supplement use before and/or during pregnancy. Socioeconomic status (SES) was also examined.ResultsThe majority of cases were isolated (58%). The total prevalence of SB for 2001–2015 was 0.37/1,000 births, with isolated SB being 0.21/1,000 births. Urinary and congenital heart defects were the most frequently identified associated anomalies. FA supplementation could not be determined for 69% of our cases because of a lack of completeness of the notice of birth forms. There was no significant difference regarding SES between mothers of cases and all mothers in Alberta.ConclusionsIt is important to examine cases with isolated SB to determine why mandatory FA fortification has not completely prevented SB and to identify which cases are not folate‐responsive. A more concerted effort of public health education and promotion with the identification of women with suboptimal folate status and a better understanding of the role of other micronutrients is necessary.
Oxidative stress and inflammation, two features associated with a high percentage body fat, and that may lead to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Darroudi Susan , Fereydouni Narges , Tayefi Maryam , Ahmadnezhad Mahsa , Zamani Parvin , Tayefi Batool , Kharazmi Jasmin , Tavalaie Shima , Heidari‐Bakavoli Alireza , Azarpajouh Mahmoud R. , Ferns Gordon A. , Mohammadpour Amir H. , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObesity is an important feature of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body fat percentage and an imbalance of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and inflammation (serum hs‐CRP) and increase risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. In this study, 9154 individuals were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Association Disorder (MASHAD) study. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to body fat percentage as defined >25% in male and > 30% in female, according to gender. Biochemical factors, including serum PAB, SOD1, and hs‐CRP were measured in all subjects. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical analyses for all. GraphPad Prism 6 for figures was used. Of total number of subjects (9154), 6748 (73.7%) were found to have a high body fat (BF) percentage. Serum hs‐CRP and PAB were significantly higher in individuals with a high BF percentage (P < 0.05) but SOD1 was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). BF percentage, serum PAB and serum hs‐CRP were significantly higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes versus those without metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), however serum SOD1 was significantly lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P < 0.005). Oxidative stress and inflammation are two factors that may link the presence of high BF percentage with the development of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):35–42, 2019
Embedding biodiversity and ecosystem services in corporate sustainability: A strategy to enable Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Macellari Margherita , Gusmerotti Natalia Marzia , Frey Marco , Testa Francesco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals are a powerful lever to mainstream sustainability priorities in business' strategies and operations. At the same time, a new corporate sustainability based on a strategic understanding and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services is key to enact the new agenda for development. With the aim to better understand how businesses can operationalize the Agenda 2030, authors adopt a transdisciplinary approach and carry out an analysis of selected Italian business practices focused on biodiversity and ecosystem services management. Through a content analysis method and with the contribution of practitioners and experts, the main impacts of the practices have then been reconciled with the new framework for development. Finally, from primary data collected and further supported by semistructured interviews with company representatives (sustainability and environmental departments), authors propose a conceptual model that connects strategic biodiversity and ecosystem services management, its drivers and barriers, with the Sustainable Development Goals.