bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratinocyte desmoglein 1 regulates the epidermal microenvironment and tanning response
Authors: Arnette Christopher R. , Koetsier Jennifer L. , Broussard Joshua A. , Gerami Pedram , Johnson Jodi L. , Green Kathleen J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTCoordinated responses to environmental stimuli within the keratinocyte:melanocyte niche are poorly understood. Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), a keratinocyte-specific desmosomal cell-cell adhesion protein with emerging signaling roles, is reduced by ultraviolet light radiation. Loss-of-function Dsg1 mutations elevate keratinocyte cytokines in Severe dermatitis, multiple Allergies, and Metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome. We asked whether Dsg1 regulates keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine communication to induce the tanning response. Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes increasedPro-opiomelanocortinmRNA and cytokine secretion. Melanocytes treated with conditioned media from Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes exhibited increasedMitfandTrp1mRNA, melanin secretion, and dendrite length. Inhibiting the melanocyte pigment-associated melanocortin 1 receptor reduced pigment secretion in response to Dsg1-deficient conditioned media. Melanocytes incorporated into Dsg1-deficient human skin equivalents relocalized suprabasally, reminiscent of early melanoma pagetoid behavior. Dsg1 decreased in keratinocytes surrounding dysplastic nevi and early melanoma, but not benign nevi. We posit Dsg1 controls keratinocyte:melanocyte communication through paracrine signaling, which goes awry upon Dsg1 loss in melanoma development.
Dissociating refreshing and elaboration and their impacts on memory
Authors: Bartsch Lea M. , Loaiza Vanessa M. , Jäncke Lutz , Oberauer Klaus , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaintenance of information in working memory (WM) is assumed to rely on refreshing and elaboration, but clear mechanistic descriptions of these cognitive processes are lacking, and it is unclear whether they are simply two labels for the same process. This fMRI study investigated the extent to which refreshing, elaboration, and repeating of items in WM are distinct neural processes with dissociable behavioral outcomes in WM and long-term memory (LTM). Multivariate pattern analyses of fMRI data revealed differentiable neural signatures for these processes, which we also replicated in an independent sample of older adults. In some cases, the degree of neural separation within an individual predicted their memory performance. Elaboration improved LTM, but not WM, and this benefit increased as its neural signature became more distinct from repetition. Refreshing had no impact on LTM, but did improve WM, although the neural discrimination of this process was not predictive of the degree of improvement. These results demonstrate that refreshing and elaboration are separate processes that differently contribute to memory performance.HighlightsRepeated reading, refreshing, and elaboration are differentiable in brain activation patterns in both young and older adults.Elaboration selectively improved long-term memory for young adults, and the size of the benefit was related to the neural separability of elaboration from other processes.Older adults implemented a sub-optimal form of elaboration, and this may be a factor contributing to age-related deficits in long-term memory.Ethics statementThe study was approved by the ethical review board of the canton of Zurich (BASEC-No. 2017-00190) and all subjects gave informed written consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Data and code availability statementAll behavioral data and analysis scripts can be assessed on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/p2h8b/). The fMRI data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, LMB. The fMRI data are not publicly available due to restrictions of the Swiss Ethics Committees on research involving humans regarding data containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.
Microbial communities across a hillslope-riparian transect shaped by proximity to the stream, groundwater table, and weathered bedrock
Authors: Lavy Adi , McGrath David Geller , Matheus Carnevali Paula B. , Wan Jiamin , Dong Wenming , Tokunaga Tetsu , Thomas Brian C. , Williams Kenneth H. , Hubbard Susan , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWatersheds are important suppliers of freshwater for human societies. Within mountainous watersheds, microbial communities impact water chemistry and element fluxes as water from precipitation events discharges through soils and underlying weathered rock, yet there is limited information regarding the structure and function of these communities. Within the East River, CO watershed, we conducted a depth-resolved, hillslope to riparian zone transect study to identify factors that control how microorganisms are distributed and their functions. Metagenomic and geochemical analyses indicate that distance from the East River and proximity to groundwater and underlying weathered shale strongly impact microbial community structure and metabolic potential. Riparian zone microbial communities are compositionally distinct from all hillslope communities. Bacteria from phyla lacking isolated representatives consistently increase in abundance with increasing depth, but only in the riparian zone saturated sediments did we find Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria. Riparian zone microbial communities are functionally differentiated from hillslope communities based on their capacities for carbon and nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction. Selenium reduction is prominent at depth in weathered shale and saturated riparian zone sediments. We anticipate that the drivers of community composition and metabolic potential identified throughout the studied transect will predict patterns across the larger watershed hillslope system.
Conversion of graded presynaptic climbing fiber activity into graded postsynaptic Ca2+ signals by Purkinje cell dendrites
Authors: Gaffield Michael A. , Christie Jason M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe brain must make sense of external stimuli to generate relevant behavior. We used a combination of in vivo approaches to investigate how the cerebellum processes sensory-related information. We found that the inferior olive encodes contexts of sensory-associated external cues in a graded manner, apparent in the presynaptic activity of their axonal projections in the cerebellar cortex. Further, individual climbing fibers were broadly responsive to different sensory modalities but relayed sensory-related information to the cortex in a lobule-dependent manner. Purkinje cell dendrites faithfully transformed this climbing fiber activity into dendrite-wide Ca2+ signals without a direct contribution from the mossy fiber pathway. These results demonstrate that the size of climbing fiber-evoked Ca2+ signals in Purkinje cell dendrites is largely determined by the firing level of climbing fibers. This coding scheme emphasizes the overwhelming role of the inferior olive in generating salient signals useful for instructing plasticity and learning.
miRNA analysis with Prost! reveals evolutionary conservation of organ-enriched expression and post-transcriptional modifications in three-spined stickleback and zebrafish
Authors: Desvignes Thomas , Batzel Peter , Sydes Jason , Eames B. Frank , Postlethwait John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) can have tissue-specific expression and functions; they can originate from dedicated miRNA genes, from non-canonical miRNA genes, or from mirror-miRNA genes and can also experience post-transcriptional variations. It remains unclear, however, which mechanisms of miRNA production or modification are tissue-specific and the extent of their evolutionary conservation. To address these issues, we developed the software Prost! (PRocessing Of Short Transcripts), which, among other features, allows accurate quantification of mature miRNAs, takes into account post-transcriptional processing, such as nucleotide editing, and helps identify mirror-miRNAs. Here, we applied Prost! to annotate and analyze miRNAs in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a model fish for evolutionary biology reported to have a miRNome larger than most teleost fish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a distantly related teleost with a well-known miRNome, served as comparator. Despite reports suggesting that stickleback had a large miRNome, results showed that stickleback has 277 evolutionary-conserved mir genes and 366 unique mature miRNAs (excluding mir430 gene replicates and the vaultRNA-derived mir733), similar to zebrafish. In addition, small RNA sequencing data from brain, heart, testis, and ovary in both stickleback and zebrafish identified suites of mature miRNAs that display organ-specific enrichment, which is, for many miRNAs, evolutionarily-conserved. These data also supported the hypothesis that evolutionarily-conserved, organ-specific mechanisms regulate miRNA post-transcriptional variations. In both stickleback and zebrafish, miR2188-5p was edited frequently with similar nucleotide editing patterns in the seed sequence in various tissues, and the editing rate was organ-specific with higher editing in the brain. In summary, Prost! is a critical new tool to identify and understand small RNAs and can help clarify a species’ miRNA biology, as shown here for an important fish model for the evolution of developmental mechanisms, and can provide insight into organ-specific expression and evolutionary-conserved miRNA post-transcriptional mechanisms.
The Population Genetic Variation Analysis of Bitter Gourd Wilt Caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.momordicaein China by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Molecular Marker
Authors: Zang Rui , Zhao Ying , Guo Kangdi , Hong Kunqi , Xi Huijun , Wen Caiyi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe bitter gourd fusarium wilt caused byFusarium oxysporumf.sp.momordicae(FOM) was a devastating disease in China and leading to great economic losses every year. A total of 152 isolates, which have the typicalFusarium oxysporumcharacteristics with abundant microconidia and macroconidia on the white or ruby colonies, were obtained from diseased plant tissues with typical fusarium wilt symptoms. The BLASTn analysis of rDNA-ITS showed 99% identity withF.oxysporumspecies. Among the tested isolates, three isolates infected tower gourd, and five isolates were pathogenic to bottle gourd. However, they were all pathogenic to bitter gourd. Based on the molecular and morphologic results, the isolates were identified as FOM. For genetic variation analysis, forty ISSR primers were screened and eleven primers were used in PCR amplification. Totally, 121 loci were detected, of which 52 loci were polymorphic at rate of 42.98%. The POPGENE analysis showed that Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.0902 and 0.1478, respectively, which indicated that the genetic diversity for the tested 152 isolates was relatively low. It also means that each geographical population was a relatively independent unit. While the value of coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst=0.4929 > 0.15) pointed to the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. The strength of gene flow (Nm=0.5143<1.0) was weaker, indicating that gene exchanges were blocked to some degree. The dendrogram based on ISSR markers showed that the eight geographical populations were clustered into four groups at the threshold of genetic similar coefficient 0.96. Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong populations were clustered into Group I. Group II contained Hunan and Guangxi populations. Group III only had Hainan population. GroupIVconsisted Shandong and Henan populations. The geographical populations closer to each other grouped together, suggesting a correlationship between geographical origin and genetic differentiation. Two hybridization events were observed between Hainan and Hunan populations and between Guangdong and Guangxi by Structure analysis. Our findings enrich the knowledge on genetic variation characteristics of the FOM populations with helpful of development of effective disease management programs and disease resistance breeding.
Individual unlearning, organizational unlearning and strategic flexibility
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Qi Ying , Zhao Yingxin 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between unlearning and strategic flexibility from the down-up change perspective.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the routine-updating process, this study builds a theoretical model and examines it using survey data from 233 firms in China.FindingsUnlearning is the enabler to strategic flexibility. Specifically, individual unlearning and organizational unlearning both have positive effects on strategic flexibility. Organizational unlearning exerts a partly mediating effect on the relationship between individual unlearning and strategic flexibility.Originality/valueThe paper examines the different mechanisms of individual and organizational unlearning on strategic flexibility and suggests that unlearning is a useful method or approach for strategic flexibility. In addition, this study is useful to help managers or practitioners determine how to embrace strategic flexibility by unlearning.
The influence of culture and framing on investment decision-making
Authors: Fehrenbacher Dennis , Roetzel Peter Gordon , Pedell Burkhard 
Published: September 2018

PurposeCultural studies in business and economics research are still limited to particular cultures. Knowledge on cultural differences may help international corporations to adapt management practices according to the markets they are operating in. The purpose of this paper is to study the issue of escalation of commitment and framing in a new cultural setting involving Germany and Vietnam. This setting is unique and particularly interesting, for Germany being the biggest European market and Vietnam being one of the fastest growing emerging markets in Asia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a lab experiment with student participants from Germany and Vietnam.FindingsIn a 2×2 in between-experiment, the authors find strong support that Vietnamese participants have a stronger tendency to invest additional resources and evidence that negatively framed information leads to the higher escalation of commitment. Implications are discussed.Originality/valueThe unique empirical comparison is important because differences between other western and eastern countries do not necessarily generalize to the setting.
A two-stage skilled manpower planning model with demand uncertainty
Authors: Sadeghi-Dastaki Mohsen , Afrazeh Abbas 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Human resources are one of the most important and effective elements for companies. In other words, employees are a competitive advantage. This issue is more vital in the supply chains and production systems, because of high need for manpower in the different specification. Therefore, manpower planning is an important, essential and complex task. The purpose of this paper is to present a manpower planning model for production departments. The authors consider workforce with individual and hierarchical skills with skill substitution in the planning. Assuming workforce demand as a factor of uncertainty, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
To solve the proposed mixed-integer model in the real-world cases and large-scale problems, a Benders’ decomposition algorithm is introduced. Some test instances are solved, with scenarios generated by Monte Carlo method. For some test instances, to find the number of suitable scenarios, the authors use the sample average approximation method and to generate scenarios, the authors use Latin hypercube sampling method.

Findings
The results show a reasonable performance in terms of both quality and solution time. Finally, the paper concludes with some analysis of the results and suggestions for further research.

Originality/value
Researchers have attracted to other uncertainty factors such as costs and products demand in the literature, and have little attention to workforce demand as an uncertainty factor. Furthermore, most of the time, researchers assume that there is no difference between the education level and skill, while they are not necessarily equivalent. Hence, this paper enters these elements into decision making.
Implementing the Challenger Sales Model at Cars.com: a case study
Authors: Isaac Mathew S. , Abraham Ajay T. , Richards Elaine Y. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the recent implementation of the Challenger Sales Model (CSM) at Cars.com, an online automotive marketplace that generated $633m in sales in 2016 with a sales force of over 500 representatives, and to identify insights related to the implementation that may be relevant to sales researchers and other organizations considering similar implementations. A more specific aim is to determine whether establishing “constructive tension” between salespeople and their customers, which is a key tenet of the CSM, was perceived as a source of value for Cars.com.

Design/methodology/approach
The case study is based primarily on in-depth interviews with 15 employees spanning different sales and/or training responsibilities in the organization, from the current CEO (previously the former Senior Vice President of Sales) to sales representatives from different sales teams.

Findings
Five major insights emerged from this research: (1) Because it represents a change in the established norms governing interpersonal dynamics, constructive tension is often more difficult for salespeople to foster when interacting with existing (vs prospective) customers. (2) Whereas leading with insights is more difficult when interacting with prospective (vs existing) customers, sustaining meaningful insights over time is a major challenge when dealing with existing customers. (3 )Products that are more transactional or price-driven are ineffective at creating constructive tension and incompatible with the CSM. (4) Creating value from constructive tension requires the entire sales organization to share a common vision of what it means to be a Challenger and to adopt consistent nomenclature and formal programs for training and coaching. (5) Even more than other consultative sales models, the successful implementation of the CSM demands company-wide integration and makes it untenable for most indirect sales teams.

Originality/value
Although prior academic research has offered critiques of the CSM, the present paper is one of the first to use a discovery-oriented, qualitative research approach to provide a retrospective look at the actual implementation of the CSM within an organization. This approach results in novel insights, such as the identification of conditions when high-pressure versus low-pressure selling techniques are likely to be more successful, that may be of interest to sales researchers and to other companies considering a large-scale implementation of the CSM or related sales methodologies.
Moderating effects of environmental uncertainty on behavioural intentions in business markets – a study across theoretical perspectives
Authors: Tzempelikos Nektarios , Kooli Kaouther 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on the impact of the focal constructs of relationship quality and relationship value on behavioural intentions across the theoretical perspectives of commitment-trust and relationship value. The study examines to which extent the application of these two theoretical perspectives can absorb part of the environmental uncertainty in a buyer/seller relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used empirical data from UK manufacturers from different sectors to test the hypotheses developed. The sample ranged from small enterprises to multi-billion companies. A structured questionnaire was used as a research instrument.

Findings
The effects of relationship quality and relationship value on behavioural intentions are not found, to a large extent, to be moderated by environmental uncertainty. The findings support that the commitment-trust and relationship value perspectives can absorb part of the uncertainty firms face in business markets.

Research limitations/implications
The current study investigates the customer perspective only. Future dyadic research will be able to offer a more holistic view of the focal constructs and their performance outcomes.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that firms may find it productive to invest in more relationship marketing efforts in markets with higher levels of uncertainty to improve performance.

Originality/value
Although the role of environmental uncertainty as a key exogenous factor in relationship effectiveness should not be overlooked, the theoretical perspectives of commitment-trust and relationship value suggest that relevant approaches in explaining how favourable behavioural intentions can be generated succeed in absorbing part of the uncertainty that organizations can face in business relationships.
Analysis of oscillations in continuous expenditures and their multiple causalities: a case study
Authors: Telles Charles Roberto , Cunha Andrea Regina Burakoski da , Chueiri Ana Maria Sawaya , Kuromiya Kamila 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the dynamics of public spending in the continuous services sector of the Secretary of State for Education of Paraná.

Design/methodology/approach
Understand the dynamics of public spending in view of the oscillations between years that these expenses present, understanding the expenditure system as a non-linear and complex system in which the causes that generate oscillations in the annual expenses are originated by several random variables.

Findings
It was found that several variables affect a public service. Many times policies or other actions try to achieve efficiency in controlling or containing public financial resources. It is not uncommon such actions do not have any determinant or robust effect at their prior objectives due to the nature of phenomena.

Research limitations/implications
Government expenditures constitute an event of great complexity with respect to the magnitude of financial units and the budget flow involved in each of these units. In this sense, all the financial units that compose the great public expenditure scenario are inserted in heterogeneous contexts considering the dynamics of geographic, social, cultural and political administrative space of a State.

Practical implications
The methods exposed in the paper are important tools to verify how policy, financial, administrative and other dimensions of actions taken influenced a continuous expenditure system. The main objective remained in identifying the strong influence of actions toward random variables that might affect the event.

Social implications
Public money from taxes is used for policy purposes. Therefore, the best use of resources, financial, natural and human is needs for any public service.

Originality/value
The paper presents an important pace to achieve a better measurement of public continuous expenditures as well as strategies for management regarding the complexity of events within the context.