bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of the DRASTIC Framework for Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability Zones
Authors: Barzegar Rahim , Asghari Moghaddam Asghar , Norallahi Shahrokh , Inam Azhar , Adamowski Jan , Alizadeh Mohammad Reza , Bou Nassar Jessica 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe DRASTIC technique is commonly used to assess groundwater vulnerability. The main disadvantage of the DRASTIC method is the difficulty associated with identifying appropriate ratings and weight assignments for each parameter. To mitigate this issue, ratings and weights can be approximated using different methods appropriate to the conditions of the study area. In this study, different linear (i.e., Wilcoxon test and statistical approaches) and nonlinear (Genetic algorithm [GA]) modifications for calibration of the DRASTIC framework using nitrate (NO3) concentrations were compared through the preparation of groundwater vulnerability maps of the Meshqin‐Shahr plain, Iran. Twenty‐two groundwater samples were collected from wells in the study area, and their respective NO3 concentrations were used to modify the ratings and weights of the DRASTIC parameters. The areas found to have the highest vulnerability were in the eastern, central, and western regions of the plain. Results showed that the modified DRASTIC frameworks performed well, compared to the unmodified DRASTIC. When measured NO3 concentrations were correlated with the vulnerability indices produced by each method, the unmodified DRASTIC method performed most poorly, and the Wilcoxon–GA–DRASTIC method proved optimal. Compared to the unmodified DRASTIC method with an R2 of 0.22, the Wilcoxon–GA–DRASTIC obtained a maximum R2 value of 0.78. Modification of DRASTIC parameter ratings was found to be more efficient than the modification of the weights in establishing an accurately calibrated DRASTIC framework. However, modification of parameter ratings and weights together increased the R2 value to the highest degree.
Evolution of the use of antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics
Authors: Silva S. , Ferreira M. , Oliveira A.S. , Magalhães C. , Sousa M.E. , Pinto M. , Sousa Lobo J.M. , Almeida I.F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveSkin health and beauty are a cornerstone of general well‐being in humans. Anti‐ageing cosmetics are used to provide a healthy and youthful appearance. Among the different cosmetic actives, antioxidants are incorporated in anti‐ageing products due to their beneficial effects in preventing and minimizing the signs of skin ageing. This work aims to understand how anti‐ageing formulations changed in the past 7 years regarding pure antioxidants composition.MethodsData were collected from anti‐ageing formulations commercialized in main stores and pharmacies in the Portuguese market. The study started on 2011 and was updated with products launched or whose composition has been renewed on 2013, 2015 or 2018.ResultsAscorbic acid and tocopherol and their derivatives were consistently the most used antioxidants in anti‐ageing formulations; followed by niacinamide and retinyl palmitate. Seven ascorbic acid derivatives are currently used in anti‐ageing formulations while only three tocopherol derivatives were identified in this study. Several combinations of antioxidants were routinely found, mainly tocopherol (or tocopherol derivatives) with other antioxidants and tocopherol with tocopherol derivatives. We have not identified emerging antioxidants with great impact in anti‐ageing formulations even though niacinamide and retinyl palmitate exhibited over 10% more usage in 2018.ConclusionThis insight is relevant to the cosmetic industry providing a better understanding of the scientific‐based formulation of modern cosmetics and supports the need for innovative antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics.
Synthesizing the strontium carbonate and silver doped bioceramic bone graft: Structure‐properties and cell viability
Authors: Demirel Mehtap , Kaya Ali İ. , Aksakal Bünyamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn alternative bioceramic bone graft was synthesized through the sol‐gel method by substituting strontium carbonate—SrCO3 and Silver—Ag into Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, KOH, NaNO3, P2O5, and urea compounds. Morphological properties of the fabricated grafts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties were determined via the hardness and compression tests. Furthermore, the cell viability of fabricated biografts was also determined via cytotoxicity tests using the MTS (cell proliferation assay). FTIR, EDS, and XRD analyses indicated that SrCO3‐ and Ag‐substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr/Ag/HA) biograft fabrications were achieved. SEM images of the biografts showed that a low‐porous structure was formed with grains bonded through sintering. SEM images also revealed that the powder bonding increased due to the decrease in pore sizes when the amount of SrCO3 was increased. From the mechanical tests, it was obtained that, the strength and hardness increased with increased SrCO3 rates. Through the cytotoxicity tests, it was shown that the cell viability rate increased due to the presence of SrCO3 and no toxic effects were observed through the newly synthesized biografts.
A low‐cost and efficient pathway for preparation of 2D MoN nanosheets via Na2CO3‐assisted nitridation of MoS2 with NH3
Authors: Sun Guo‐Dong , Chang He‐Qiang , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Yan Bai‐Jun , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient and low‐cost method was developed for producing isolated 2D MoN nanosheets via Na2CO3‐assisted nitridation and exfoliation of natural 2H‐MoS2 by NH3 at 700‐800°C. It was found that, in the presence of Na2CO3, the nitridation of MoS2 with NH3 was a topochemical transformation. After heat treatment the mixture of MoS2 and Na2CO3 in NH3 at 700‐800°C, layered MoN with intercalated Na2S was obtained. Na2CO3 can dramatically promote the topochemical nitridation and exfoliation of MoS2 in NH3. At 750°C, the time for complete nitridation of (commercial) MoS2 can be shortened to 2 hours, which is much shorter than 40 hours in the case without the addition of Na2CO3 as reported in the previous literature. After acid‐washing, the intercalated Na2S was removed, and the generated H2S promoted the further separation of the MoN nanosheets. Finally, dispersed high crystalline 2D MoN nanosheets with thickness of a few nanometers were successfully produced. This method may be also applicable for the production of other 2D nitrides or carbides by nitridation or carbonization of various transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with the assistance of sulfur‐fixed agent.
Tip60‐dependent acetylation of KDM2B promotes osteosarcoma carcinogenesis
Authors: Shi Xin , Fan Mingfu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOverexpression of KDM2B is frequently occurred in various human solid tumours, and the high levels of KDM2B are associated with tumourigenesis. However, whether and how its activities might be modulated to facilitate tumour progression is still unclear. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were carried out to detect the acetylation of KDM2B. Nucleosomes and mononucleosomes were prepared and the demethylation activity of KDM2B was detected in these two substrates. The effects of KDM2B acetylation on the transcription of target genes, as well as tumour growth and metastasis were then studied. KDM2B was acetylated in osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG‐63 and HOS). This modification occurred at lysine 758 and catalysed by Tip60. Acetylation of KDM2B decreased the capacity of KDM2B in binding with nucleosomes. KDM2B acetylation diminished its demethylation activity towards nucleosomal substrates rather than towards bulk histone. Besides, acetylation of KDM2B diminished its ability to bind with the promoters of p21 and puma. Moreover, the promoting effects of KDM2B acetylation on tumour cells' proliferation and metastasis, and in vivo tumour growth were dependent on Tip60. KDM2B is acetylated at lysine 758 by Tip60 in human osteosarcoma cells. Acetylation of KDM2B diminishes its association with nucleosomes, and thus increasing methylation of H3K36 at its target genes as well as enhancing its oncogenic effects.
Species succession and the development of a lacustrine fish community in an ephemeral lake
Authors: Peel Richard A. , Hill Jaclyn M. , Taylor Geraldine C. , Tweddle Denis , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, we present a gillnet survey of Lake Liambezi a 370 km2 shallow ephemeral floodplain lake situated in north‐eastern Namibia, which is fed irregularly by the upper Zambezi and Kwando Rivers during years of high flooding. The lake dried up in 1985 and, with the exception of sporadic minor annual inundation events, remained dry until 2007. We describe the temporal succession of fish species over an 8 year period from initial inundation 2007 to maturation in 2014. The succession of the fish community did not follow the typical pattern of opportunistic strategists during colonisation, to periodic strategists that are eventually succeeded by equilibrium strategists. Instead, the evolution of the fish community was characterised by three distinct phases. The first phase involved the inundation and colonisation of the lake in 2007, followed by its decline until the floods that filled the lake in 2009. During this phase the lake was colonised by fishes from the adjacent upper Zambezi and Chobe River floodplains. Fish communities predominantly comprised floodplain specialists including the barbs Enteromius paludinosus and Enteromius poechii, the mormyrid Marcusenius altisambesi and catfishes Schilbe intermedius and Clarias gariepinus. The filling of the lake in the March 2009 floods marked the beginning of the second, successional phase. The barbs declined in abundance and the alestid Rhabdalestes maunensis underwent explosive population growth between 2009 and 2010, but populations crashed equally rapidly and were replaced by Brycinus lateralis which, together with S. intermedius went on to dominate the fish community 2011–2014. Larger, slower growing tilapiine cichlids increased steadily in abundance and became the dominant components in a 2700 t y–1 artisanal fishery that developed on the lake. The fish community in the ephemeral Lake Liambezi is clearly influenced by numerous factors including connectivity, lake level fluctuations, competition and the effects of fishing, which may disrupt typical succession processes in floodplain ecosystems.
Comparison of optimization approaches (response surface methodology and artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm) for a novel mixed culture approach in soybean meal fermentation
Authors: Mukherjee Runni , Chakraborty Runu , Dutta Abhishek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA mixed culture ofBacillus coagulansandLactobacillus johnsoniiis utilized to ferment soybean meal (SBM) and the effects of the fermentation conditions (temperature, time, and initial inoculums level) on the different antioxidative properties are measured. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) are applied to the experimental data to suggest a better approach for modeling. It is observed that the fermentation conditions have significant effects on antioxidant activity, and by following a mixed culture approach, these properties can be increased efficiently. Although both ANN and RSM fitted to the experimental data with accuracy, it is evident from root mean squared error,R2, and average absolute deviation values that ANN is superior to RSM when predicting the responses. The results thus point to the advantage of using a properly trained ANN in cases of nonlinear fermentative systems and also for prediction of multiple responses simultaneously.Practical applicationsConversion of low‐cost by‐products into value‐added products has always been the main focus of fermentation industry and currently its scope is being expanded to include the use of probiotics to ferment various by‐products apart from dairy products. SBM is a promising by‐product that has not yet reached its full potential use and should be explored further to widen its range of applications. The purpose to develop optimized fermentation processes needs a suitable mathematical model that has the ability to mimic the complex nonlinearity of mixed culture fermentations without compromising its prediction capabilities. The results of this study will be further used to assess the possibility of development of a fermented‐SBM‐based supplement.
Adult Day Service Use Decreases Likelihood of a Missed Physician's Appointment Among Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Parker Lauren J. , Gaugler Joseph E. , Samus Quincy , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEAdult day services (ADSs) that provide community‐based supervised support for persons with dementia (PWD) may also function as a respite for familial caregivers to attend to self‐care needs. Guided by a revised version of the Andersen Healthcare Utilization Model, the objective of this study was to identify the association between use of ADSs and a missed physician's appointment among family caregivers for community‐dwelling familial PWD. A secondary objective was to identify other predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with a missed physician's appointment.DESIGNSecondary analysis of baseline, cross‐sectional data from two randomized controlled trials (Advancing Caregiver Training, n = 272; and Care of Persons With Dementia in Their Environments, n = 237).SETTINGCommunity.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling caregivers for PWD (n = 509).MEASUREMENTSMissed physician's appointment was measured using the caregivers' self‐report of one or more missed physician's appointments (yes/no) in the past 6 months. ADS use was measured using the caregivers’ self‐report of ADS use (yes/no).RESULTSOver a third of the caregivers utilized ADSs for their PWD. Caregivers who utilized ADSs for their familial PWD were 49% less likely (95% confidence interval = 0.32‐0.81) to miss a physician's appointment in the past 6 months. More black compared to white caregivers missed appointments regardless of ADS use. Caregivers with increased chronic health conditions were more likely to miss a physician's appointment compared to those with fewer conditions.CONCLUSIONADSs’ provision of respite enables caregivers the time to address self‐care needs by decreasing the likelihood that caregivers miss a physician's appointment. Findings suggest that ADSs may promote positive health behaviors for caregivers and should be expanded as part of comprehensive dementia care for families. Factors associated with missed physician appointments need further examination and intervention to support black caregivers.
Perinatal factors associate with vertebral size and shape but not lumbar lordosis in 10‐year‐old children
Authors: Pavlova Anastasia V. , Jeffrey Janet E. , Barr Rebecca J. , Aspden Richard M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe intrauterine environment is known to influence foetal development and future health. Low birthweight has been linked to smaller vertebral canals in children and decreased adulthood spine bone mineral content. Perinatal factors affecting lumbar spine curvature have not yet been considered but could be important for adult spinal health, as lumbar movement during lifting, a risk factor for backpain, is associated with lordosis. To investigate this, lumbar spine magnetic resonance images at age 10 years and perinatal and maternal data (birthweight, placental weight, gestation length, crown‐heel length, maternal age, height, weight and smoking status) from 161 children born in Aberdeen in 1988–1989 were acquired. Statistical shape modelling, using principal component analysis, quantified variations in lumbar spine shape and resulting modes of variation were assessed in combination with perinatal data using correlations and analyses of covariance, adjusted for potential confounders. Spine modes 1–3 (SM1–SM3) captured 75% of the variation in lumbar spine shape. The first and third modes described the total amount (SM1) and evenness of curvature distribution (SM3). SM2 accounted for variations in antero‐posterior vertebral diameter relative to vertebral height, increasing positive scores representing a larger relative diameter. Adjusting for gestation length and sex, SM2 positively correlated with birthweight (r = 0.25, P < 0.01), placental weight (r = 0.20, P = 0.04), crown‐heel length (r = 0.36, P < 0.001) and maternal weight (r = 0.19, P = 0.04), and negatively with maternal age (r = −0.22, P = 0.02). SM2 scores were lower in girls (P < 0.001) and in the low birthweight group (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in SM1 and SM3 scores between birthweight groups, boys and girls or children of smokers (31%) and non‐smokers (69%). In conclusion, some perinatal factors were associated with vertebral body morphology but had little effect on lumbar curvature.
Hindbrain neurovascular anatomy of adult goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Rahmat Sulman , Gilland Edwin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe goldfish hindbrain develops from a segmented (rhombomeric) neuroepithelial scaffold, similar to other vertebrates. Motor, reticular and other neuronal groups develop in specific segmental locations within this rhombomeric framework. Teleosts are unique in possessing a segmental series of unpaired, midline central arteries that extend from the basilar artery and penetrate the pial midline of each hindbrain rhombomere (r). This study demonstrates that the rhombencephalic arterial supply of the brainstem forms in relation to the neural segments they supply. Midline central arteries penetrate the pial floor plate and branch within the neuroepithelium near the ventricular surface to form vascular trees that extend back towards the pial surface. This intramural branching pattern has not been described in any other vertebrate, with blood flow in a ventriculo‐pial direction, vastly different than the pial‐ventricular blood flow observed in most other vertebrates. Each central arterial stem penetrates the pial midline and ascends through the floor plate, giving off short transverse paramedian branches that extend a short distance into the adjoining basal plate to supply ventromedial areas of the brainstem, including direct supply of reticulospinal neurons. Robust r3 and r8 central arteries are significantly larger and form a more interconnected network than any of the remaining hindbrain vascular stems. The r3 arterial stem has extensive vascular branching, including specific vessels that supply the cerebellum, trigeminal motor nucleus located in r2/3 and facial motoneurons found in r6/7. Results suggest that some blood vessels may be predetermined to supply specific neuronal populations, even traveling outside of their original neurovascular territories in order to supply migrated neurons.
Transdermal permeation effect of collagen hydrolysates of deer sinew on mouse skin, ex vitro, and antioxidant activity, increased type I collagen secretion of percutaneous proteins in NIH/3T3 cells
Authors: Zhang He , Pan Daian , Dong Ying , Su Wenjie , Su Hang , Wei Xinghua , Yang Chunhui , Jing Li , Tang Xiaolei , Li Xiangyan , Zhao Daqing , Sun Liwei , Qi Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe collagen hydrolysates as a cosmetic material have already been wide application. At present, few studies concern with transdermal behavior of collagen hydrolysates in vitro.ObjectiveDeer sinew contains rich collagen with a content of 82.12%. Thus, this article mainly studies the transdermal effect of collagen hydrolysates of deer sinew (DSCH) on mouse skin, ex vitro, and to explore skincare protection of percutaneous proteins.MethodsCollagen hydrolysates of deer sinew were extracted by 0.2% HCl and a two‐step enzymatic method of pepsin‐trypsin. The content of 17 amino acids of DSCH was detected by precolumn derivatization RP‐HPLC. Using Franz diffusion cell systems studied the transdermal effect of DSCH and then examined the percutaneous rate and molecular weight distribution of percutaneous proteins (PP). Further, we studied the bioactivity of PP in vitro, such as the total antioxidant capacity and collagen secretion in NIH/3T3 cells.ResultsAbout 8.0% DSCH could penetrate skin of mouse, the molecular weight of PP mainly distributed in 5 ~ 13 kDa, accounted for 91.55%. Compared with the antioxidant activity of DSCH, PP had obvious antioxidant activity of scavenging radical cation. Meanwhile, PP promoted cell proliferation and collagen I secretion in fibroblast cells; however, level of type III collagen has no change.ConclusionCollagen hydrolysates of deer sinew may be used as cosmetic material to protect the skin from oxidative stress, to prevent premature skin aging.
The therapeutic role of bone marrow stem cell local injection in rat experimental periodontitis
Authors: Lu Lei , Liu Yang , Zhang Xu , Lin Jiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell therapy brings hope for regenerating damaged periodontal tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of local bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) injection in ligation‐induced periodontitis and the underlying mechanisms. Alveolar bone lesion was induced by placing ligatures subgingivally around the bilateral maxillary second molars for 28 days. The alveolar bone lesion was confirmed by micro‐CT analysis and bone histomorphometry. Allogeneic BMSC transplantation was carried out at 28 day after ligation. The survival state of the transplanted BMSC was observed by bioluminescent imaging. The implantation of the BMSC into the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament was confirmed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of pro‐inflammatory, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in periodontal tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and real‐time PCR. Significant reverse of alveolar bone lesion was observed after BMSC transplantation. The expression of TNF‐α and IL‐1β was down‐regulated by BMSC transplantation. The number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament was reduced, and the increased RANKL expression and decreased OPG expression were also reversed after BMSC transplantation. It is concluded that allogeneic BMSC local injection could inhibit the inflammation of the periodontitis tissue and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.