bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐assisted vocabulary instruction for students with disabilities: Evidence from an effect size analysis of single‐subject experimental design studies
Authors: Mize Min Kyung , Park Yujeong , Moore Tara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to synthesize the effectiveness of computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) studies aiming to increase vocabulary for students with disabilities in an effort to identify what type of CAI is promising for practice. An extensive search process with inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a total of 13 single‐subject design studies to be included in the present study. Effect sizes were calculated using a percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND). We also analysed instructional features (e.g., visual supports, auditory supports, font/color selection, and corrective and interactive feedback) from the studies that examined effective instructional design features of CAI. Results indicated (a) the highest PND mean was for secondary school‐aged learners with disabilities; (b) both tablet‐assisted instructions and nontablet‐assisted instruction produced high PND (i.e., highly effective); and (c) although the majority of selected studies included visual and auditory supports in CAI for vocabulary, none of the studies provided opportunities for customization (e.g., student selection of colors and fonts). On the basis of the findings, implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Maternal activity, anxiety, and protectiveness during moderate nutrient restriction in captive baboons (Papio sp.)
Authors: Light Lydia E. O. , Bartlett Thad Q. , Poyas Annica , Nijland Mark J. , Huber Hillary F. , Li Cun , Keenan Kate , Nathanielsz Peter W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction (NR) would increase activity and behavioral indicators of anxiety (self‐directed behaviors, SDBs) in captive baboons (Papio sp.) and result in more protective maternal styles.MethodsOur study included 19 adult female baboons. Seven females ate ad libitum (control group), and eight females ate 30% less (NR group) and were observed through pregnancy and lactation.ResultsControl females engage in higher rates of SDB than NR females overall (P ≤ .018) and during the prenatal period (P ≤ .001) and engage in more aggressive behavior (P ≤ .033). Control females retrieved infants more than NR females during weeks 5‐8 postpartum (P ≤ .019).ConclusionsLower SDB rates among prenatal NR females reduce energy expenditure and increase available resources for fetal development when nutritionally restricted. Higher infant retrieval rates by controls may indicate more infant independence rather than maternal style differences.
The transcription factor prospero homeobox protein 1 is a direct target of SoxC proteins during developmental vertebrate neurogenesis
Authors: Jacob Anne , Wüst Hannah M. , Thalhammer Johannes M. , Fröb Franziska , Küspert Melanie , Reiprich Simone , Balta Elli‐Anna , Lie D. Chichung , Wegner Michael , Sock Elisabeth 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe high‐mobility‐group domain containing SoxC transcription factors Sox4 and Sox11 are expressed and required in the vertebrate central nervous system in neuronal precursors and neuroblasts. To identify genes that are widely regulated by SoxC proteins during vertebrate neurogenesis we generated expression profiles from developing mouse brain and chicken neural tube with reduced SoxC expression and found the transcription factor prospero homeobox protein 1 (Prox1) strongly down‐regulated under both conditions. This led us to hypothesize that Prox1 expression depends on SoxC proteins in the developing central nervous system of mouse and chicken. By combining luciferase reporter assays and over‐expression in the chicken neural tube with in vivo and in vitro binding studies, we identify the Prox1 gene promoter and two upstream enhancers at −44 kb and −40 kb relative to the transcription start as regulatory regions that are bound and activated by SoxC proteins. This argues that Prox1 is a direct target gene of SoxC proteins during neurogenesis. Electroporations in the chicken neural tube furthermore show that Prox1 activates a subset of SoxC target genes, whereas it has no effects on others. We propose that the transcriptional control of Prox1 by SoxC proteins may ensure coupling of two types of transcription factors that are both required during early neurogenesis, but have at least in part distinct functions.Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
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Promoting new concepts of skincare via skinomics and systems biology—From traditional skincare and efficacy‐based skincare to precision skincare
Authors: Jiang Biao , Jia Yan , He Congfen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTraditional skincare involves the subjective classification of skin into 4 categories (oily, dry, mixed, and neutral) prior to skin treatment. Following the development of noninvasive methods in skin and skin imaging technology, scientists have developed efficacy‐based skincare products based on the physiological characteristics of skin under different conditions. Currently, the emergence of skinomics and systems biology has facilitated the development of precision skincare. In this article, the evolution of skincare based on the physiological states of the skin (from traditional skincare and efficacy‐based skincare to precision skincare) is described. In doing so, we highlight skinomics and systems biology, with particular emphasis on the importance of skin lipidomics and microbiomes in precision skincare. The emerging trends of precision skincare are anticipated.
High‐Resolution Nerve Ultrasound and Electrophysiological Findings in Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Pitarokoili K. , Fels M. , Kerasnoudis A. , Tönges L. , Gold R. , Yoon M.‐S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a multifactorial network disorder of a sensorimotor system extending from dopaminergic and glutamatergic cerebral structures to the spinal neurons and peripheral nerves. The role of peripheral nerve damage in the causality and severity progression for RLS patients remains unclear.METHODSWe performed a clinical and epidemiological study on a cohort of 34 RLS patients focusing on RLS risk factors and disease severity. We investigated the peripheral nerves with nerve conduction studies and with high‐resolution nerve ultrasound (HRUS).RESULTSIn 18 of the 34 patients (mean age 67.4 ± 15 years old), a sensorimotor axonal neuropathy was diagnosed. These patients presented with late‐onset RLS were treated with membrane stabilizing agents, whereas no neuropathy predisposing comorbidity could be identified for the majority of them. We could show an inverse correlation between the amplitudes of the tibial nerve for the patients with polyneuropathy and the RLS severity index. Neuropathy patients were characterized by an increase of the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa and by increased intranerve and internerve variability values showing an asymmetry of CSA distribution. This pattern resembles previous studies on diabetic neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSEarly diagnosis, characterization, and treatment of neuropathy are increasingly relevant for RLS patients as it correlates with disease severity. HRUS revealed a pattern resembling diabetic neuropathy, which implies a similar pathophysiology with metabolic and ischemic origin of RLS‐related axonal neuropathy.
Combined Evaluation of Noncontrast CT ASPECTS and CT Angiography Collaterals Improves Detection of Large Infarcts in Proximal Artery Occlusive Stroke
Authors: Mehrkhani Farhad , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Mansouri Mohammad , Karimi Zahra , Lev Michael H. , Yoo Albert J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEImaging may identify patients with very large infarcts who are unlikely to benefit from intra‐arterial therapy. Although computed tomography (CT) is widely used, it suffers from poor sensitivity. We sought to evaluate whether combined evaluation of noncontrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) collaterals would improve the detection of large infarcts.METHODSAll patients with anterior circulation proximal artery occlusion and baseline CT, CTA, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed were identified. NCCT ASPECTS, CTA collateral score (CS), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume were determined. Receiver‐operating characteristic analyses were performed to test the discrimination of NCCT ASPECTS 0‐4, CTA malignant collaterals (CS = 0: absent collaterals in >50% of M2 territory), and the combination for DWI volume > 100 mL.RESULTSAmong 54 patients, mean age was 67 years; median NIHSS was 14. Occlusion locations were ICA terminus (18 [33%]), MCA M1 (20 [37%]), and M2 (16 [30%]). Median NCCT ASPECTS was 8; 8 (15%) had ASPECTS 0‐4. Median CTA CS was 2; 9 (17%) were categorized as malignant. Median DWI lesion volume was 25 mL; 12 (22%) had lesions >100 mL. Individually, the CTA malignant collateral profile (98%) and NCCT ASPECTS 0‐4 (100%) demonstrated high specificity for DWI lesion volume >100 mL, but had suboptimal sensitivity (both 67%). In the combined approach (CTA CS = 0 and/or NCCT ASPECTS ≤4), the sensitivity improved significantly to 92%, while maintaining high specificity (98%).CONCLUSIONSCombined evaluation of NCCT ASPECTS and CTA collaterals identifies patients with infarcts >100 mL with high accuracy, and can improve patient selection using current CT techniques.
Growth strategy with social capital, human capital and physical capital—Theory and evidence: The case of Vietnam
Authors: Le Van Cuong , Nguyen Anh Ngoc , Nguyen Ngoc‐Minh , Simioni Michel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a theoretical model to explain the impact of social capital (defined at the firm level) on individual firm performance and derive a critical optimal threshold for firms to invest in social capital. The theoretical model we propose reveals how social capital, human capital, and physical capital simultaneously affect firm performance under the main assumption of a decreasing function of social capital on unit cost of physical capital. Our theoretical model is then estimated using unique firm‐level longitudinal data from Vietnam for the period 2005–2015. Using a control function approach in a quantile regression framework, we attempt to establish the causal impact of social capital on firm performance. Our empirical results point to a range of revenue in which investment in social capital is efficient and to evidence suggesting that the role of social capital decreases when firms become richer.
Foot cooling does not improve vigilance but may transiently reduce sleepiness
Authors: Sixtus Ryan P. , Galland Barbara C. , Cotter James D. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTemperature of the skin (TSk) and core (TC) play key roles in sleep–wake regulation. The diurnal combination of low TSk and high TC facilitates alertness, whereas the transition to high TSk and low TC correlates with sleepiness. Sleepiness and deteriorating vigilance are induced with peripheral warming, whereas peripheral cooling appears to transiently improve vigilance in narcolepsy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that foot cooling would maintain vigilance during extended wakefulness in healthy adults. Nine healthy young adult participants with habitually normal sleep completed three constant‐routine trials in randomized crossover order. Trials began at 22:30 hours, and involved continuous mild foot cooling (30°C), moderate foot cooling (25°C) or no foot cooling, while undertaking six × 10‐min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks and seven × 7‐min Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks, interspersed with questionnaires of sleepiness and thermal perceptions. Foot temperatures in control, mild and moderate cooling averaged 34.5 ± 0.5°C, 30.8 ± 0.2°C and 26.4 ± 0.1°C (all p < .01), while upper‐limb temperatures remained stable (34–35°C) and TC declined (approximately −0.12°C per hr) regardless of trial (p = .84). Foot cooling did not improve vigilance (repeated‐measures‐ANOVA interaction for response speed: p = .45), but transiently reduced subjective sleepiness (−0.8 ± 0.8; p = .004). Participants felt cooler throughout cooling trials, but thermal comfort was unaffected (p = .43), as were almost all Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks’ encephalographic parameters. In conclusion, mild or moderate cooling of the feet did not attenuate declines in vigilance or core temperature of healthy young adults during the period of normal sleep onset and early sleep, and any effect on sleepiness was small and transient.
Effect of Different Feeding Levels of Plant‐ingredient‐based Feed on Fillet Fatty Acid Profile, Carcass Trait, and Sensory Characteristics of Indian Major Carps in Earthen Pond Polyculture
Authors: Pradhan Chiranjiv , Giri Shiba S. , Mohanty Satyandra N. , Narasimmalu Rajendran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plant‐ingredient‐based feeds on fillet fatty acid profiles, proximate composition, carcass traits, and sensory characteristics of three Indian major carps (IMCs), Catla catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala, when fed at different levels of their body weight. An experimental feed was prepared with only plant ingredients. The IMCs were fed twice daily at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of their body weight for 150 d in 0.06‐ha earthen pond polyculture systems. The maximum growth and best feed utilization was achieved with feeding at 2% of fish biomass in the ponds. Fillet yield and lipid recovery increased significantly (P < 0.05), with increasing feeding level up to 2% of body weight and plateaued thereafter. In fillets, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) concentration increased with increasing feeding levels. Carcass traits, sensory characteristics, and consumer acceptance of IMC fillets were not influenced by feeding plant‐ingredient‐based feeds at different feeding rates.
Indistinguishable Senses
Authors: Gray Aidan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFregeanism and Relationism are competing families of solutions to Frege's Puzzle, and by extension, competing theories of propositional representation. My aim is to clarify what is at stake between them by characterizing and evaluating a Relationist argument. Relationists claim that it is cognitively possible for distinct token propositional attitudes to be, in a sense, qualitatively indistinguishable: to differ in no intrinsic representational features. The idea of an ‘intrinsic representational feature’ is not, however, made especially clear in the argument. I clarify it here and, having done so, offer reason to doubt the argument. This will put us in a position to draw some lessons about the relation betweenobject‐directedandrepresentation‐internalaspects of cognitive significance.
Divergent trait and environment relationships among parallel radiations inPelargonium(Geraniaceae): a role for evolutionary legacy?
Authors: Moore Timothy E. , Schlichting Carl D. , Aiello‐Lammens Matthew E. , Mocko Kerri , Jones Cynthia S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryFunctional traits in closely related lineages are expected to vary similarly along common environmental gradients as a result of shared evolutionary and biogeographic history, or legacy effects, and as a result of biophysical tradeoffs in construction. We test these predictions inPelargonium, a relatively recent evolutionary radiation.Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effects models assessed, at the subclade level, associations between plant height, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area (LMA), and five environmental variables capturing temperature and rainfall gradients across the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Trait–trait integration was assessed via pairwise correlations within subclades.Of 20 trait–environment associations, 17 differed among subclades. Signs of regression coefficients diverged for height, leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, but not forLMA. Subclades also differed in trait–trait relationships and these differences were modulated by rainfall seasonality. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation revealed that whether trait variation was better predicted by environmental predictors or trait–trait integration depended on the clade and trait in question.Legacy signals in trait–environment and trait–trait relationships were apparently lost during the earliest diversification ofPelargonium, but then retained during subsequent subclade evolution. Overall, we demonstrate that global‐scale patterns are poor predictors of patterns of trait variation at finer geographic and taxonomic scales.
Nearly exact discretization of single species population models
Authors: Kwessi Eddy , Elaydi Saber , Dennis Brian , Livadiotis George 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a nonstandard discretization method related to the methods of Mickens and Elaydi and Sacker for converting single species population models from continuous time to discrete time. The method falls in the category of the so‐called nonstandard discretization schemes, that is more advantageous than the classical discretization methods (such as adaptive step‐size) since it allows large step sizes. For instance, a large step size could better represent a generation time or a time interval between empirical measurements. Examples of single‐species models with and without negative density dependence, with an Allee effect, and with an alternative positive stable equilibrium (predator pit) are studied. Comparative analyses of bifurcations of ordinary differential equations and difference equations show how the new discretization proposed here preserves the dynamical properties of the continuous‐time models.Recommendations for Resource Managers
The discretization method we propose preserves the original dynamic properties of the continuous model, in the sense of equilibria, their stability, and bifurcation characteristics. Unlike the traditional numerical methods that are widely used in ecology, the dynamical consistency of our method does not depend on the size of the step size used.
The discretization method we propose produces solution trajectories in a remarkable agreement with those of the corresponding continuous models irrespective of the size of the time interval used.
Results presented here will be important to future ecological studies that seek to evaluate the pervasiveness and strength of negative density dependence as well as Allee effects, along with the prospects of alternative stable states, in natural populations.
Saliva in the “Omics” era: A promising tool in paediatrics
Authors: Pappa Eftychia , Kousvelari Eleni , Vastardis Heleni 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn vulnerable populations, such as infants and children, saliva makes the perfect diagnostic medium because of its noninvasive collection, easy handling and storage of samples. Its unique biomarker profiles help tremendously in the diagnosis of many diseases and conditions. In fact, saliva genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiome‐based discoveries have led to complementary and powerful diagnostic information. In children and neonates, saliva is the preferred medium not only for diagnosis of caries and aggressive periodontitis but also for a number of systemic conditions, metabolic diseases, cognitive functions, stress assessment and evaluation of immunological and inflammatory responses to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of current and future applications of saliva diagnostics to various diseases and conditions and highlight studies in paediatrics across the “omic” spectrum. Emerging frontiers in salivary diagnostics research that may significantly advance the field are also highlighted.
Depth of invasion on pathological outcomes in clinical low‐stage oral tongue cancer patients
Authors: Masood Maheer M. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Vanleer Jessica P. , Patel Samip N. , Hackman Trevor G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesDepth of invasion was added to the eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines for T staging of HPV‐negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Our aim was to determine the impact of depth of invasion on pathological variables and outcomes in low‐stage tongue cancer patients. We also examine the impact of tumor thickness and tumor clinical staging for comparison.Subjects and MethodsAll clinical T1/T2 N0 HPV‐negative tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients who received elective neck dissections at our institution between 2000 and 2015 were included. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine pathological variables, recurrence, and 3‐year disease‐free survival.ResultsSixty‐seven patients met criteria; the mean age was 52.0 (SD: 17.7). Depth of invasion was a significant predictor of occult metastasis (OR: 2.0, p = 0.05) and lymphovascular invasion (OR: 4.1, p = 0.02), and tumor thickness was a significant predictor of lymphovascular invasion (OR: 3.3, p = 0.04). None of the variables were predictive of recurrence or disease‐free survival.ConclusionDepth of invasion at biopsy may be a potential useful metric to inform on regional management selection in this radiographic node‐negative population.
Resistance of native oak to recurrent drought conditions simulating predicted climatic changes in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Saunier Amélie , Ormeño Elena , Havaux Michel , Wortham Henri , Ksas Brigitte , Temime‐Roussel Brice , Blande James D. , Lecareux Caroline , Mévy Jean‐Philippe , Bousquet‐Mélou Anne , Gauquelin Thierry , Fernandez Catherine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe capacity of a Quercus pubescens forest to resist recurrent drought was assessed on an in situ experimental platform through the measurement of a large set of traits (ecophysiological and metabolic) studied under natural drought (ND) and amplified drought (AD) induced by partial rain exclusion. This study was performed during the third and fourth years of AD, which correspond to conditions of moderate AD in 2014 and harsher AD in 2015, respectively. Although water potential (Ψ) and net photosynthesis (Pn) were noticeably reduced under AD in 2015 compared to ND, trees showed similar growth and no oxidative stress. The absence of oxidative damage could be due to a strong accumulation of α‐tocopherol, suggesting that this compound is a major component of the Q. pubescens antioxidant system. Other antioxidants were rather stable under AD in 2014, but slight changes started to be observed in 2015 (carotenoids and isoprene) due to harsher conditions. Our results indicate that Q. pubescens could be able to cope with AD, for at least 4 years, likely due to its antioxidant system. However, growth decrease was observed during the fifth year (2016) of AD, suggesting that this resistance could be threatened over longer periods of recurrent drought.