bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A QoS Based Formal Model for Software Defined Network
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Pandey Ravi Shankar 
Published: May 2019

Background & Objective:
Software-Defined Networks (SDN) decouple the responsibility
of data plane, control plane and aggregates responsibilities at the controller. The controller manages
all the requests generated from distributed switches to get the optimal path for sending data
from source to destination using load balancing algorithms. The guarantee of packet reachability is a
major challenge in real time scenario of a SDN which depends on components of network infrastructure
as switches, a central controller, channel capacity and server load. The success of this aggregation
and packet reachability demand is a high Quality of Service (QoS) requirement in terms of
throughput, delay and packet loss due to high traffic volume and network size. This QoS has two
perspectives one is required other is a computation of real QoS value.

Methods:
In this paper, we have presented the QoS based formal model of SDN to compute and to
investigate the role of the real QoS value. This formal model includes QoS on the basis of packet
movement hop by hop which is a real-time QoS. The hop by hop packet movement reliability has
been computed using channel capacity and server load which is an abstraction of throughput, delay,
and packet loss. The effect of channel capacity and server load can be varying using different values of
the weight factor. We have also considered an equal role of channel capacity and server load to compute
reliability. This QoS helps to the controller to match with required QoS to decide the better path.

Conclusion:
Our results finds the reliable path based on channel capacity and server load of the network.
Also, results showed that the reliability of the network and controller which are based on the
reliability of the packet delivery between two nodes.
Del diseño de programas, materiales y recursos. La experiencia del escritorio al aula
Authors: Echauri Vargas Erika Guadalupe 
Published: May 2019

<p>Dentro del diseño de un programa académico, debe considerarse el entorno del mismo, los insumos y los actores que serán directamente vinculados con la aplicación del programa, de esta manera “Autodeterminación y Aprendizaje” al tratarse de una Unidad de Aprendizaje Integrada (UAI) del Área Interdisciplinaria (AI) de “Sujeto y Aprendizaje”, se procuró diseñar estrategias que permitieran al estudiante analizar críticamente el proceso de construcción de su identidad y diseñar una trayectoria de vida acorde con sus habilidades, aptitudes y necesidades vocacionales. Buscando, mediante la metodología sugerida, el desarrollo de competencias, entrelazando los contenidos temáticos para lograr que el alumno interiorice los conocimientos convirtiéndolos en saberes prácticos, teóricos y vivenciales, que por consecuencia lleve de manera directa a los tres momentos de la evaluación: diagnóstica, sumativa y formativa. En conclusión, el desarrollo de programas para ambientes mixtos, es necesario que busque la mediación y asesoría permanente por parte del asesor, no dejando de lado la flexibilidad del mismo, la búsqueda constante de los momentos de autogestión y autoinstrucción respetando la diversidad de la población en necesidades personales y tiempos. Brindando la posibilidad de la retroalimentación continua mediante el contacto Asesor-Alumno, Alumno-Alumno, Asesor-Asesor.</p><p> </p>
Fotografía, tiempo y desaparición: la imagen de la barbarie en la Guerra de Canudos
Authors: Rivera García Antonio 
Published: May 2019

El artículo parte de las fotos históricas que muestran la destrucción y las víctimas de la ciudad de Canudos. Estas imágenes demuestran que las fotografías históricas sólo adquieren significación plena dentro del contexto discursivo proporcionado por el historiador. Las fotos de Canudos, que contradicen el objetivo último pretendido por el ejército al encargarlas (la defensa de la división entre civilización y barbarie), permiten comprender que la singularidad de la fotografía se encuentra en el hecho de elaborar un pasado exterior a la conciencia. Se utiliza en el análisis de las fotos el concepto de punctum. Esta categoría barthesiana no sólo sirve para pensar la dolorosa sensación de paso del tiempo que se experimenta al contemplar la fotografía histórica, sino también para reflexionar sobre el campo ciego que otorga a las imágenes fotográficas el estatuto de incompletas. Finalmente se defiende que la fotografía se corresponde con una peculiar estética de la desaparición. Se trata de una estética que, en primer lugar, identifica la imagen fotográfica con una huella dejada por algo ausente o desaparecido; y que, en segundo lugar, responde a la cuestión de cómo mostrar lo desaparecido –las víctimas de Canudos– sin crear una imagen idólatra. Abstract: This paper is based on the historical photos that show the destruction and the victims of Canudos settlement. These images are used to showcase the fact that historical or old photos only acquire full meaning within a discursive context provided by the historian or by the images of memory. The photographs of Canudos -which contradict the ultimate aim of the Army in commissioning them (the defence of the division between civilization and barbarism)– enable to understand that the singularity of photography lies in the fact that it elaborates a past exterior to conscience. The concept of punctum is also used in the analysis of the photographs. This Barthesian category is used not only to think of the painful feeling of time going by one experiences when contemplating historical photography, but also to reflect on the blind field that conveys photographs the status of incomplete. Finally, this paper argues that photography corresponds to a particular aesthetic of disappearance. Firstly, this aesthetics identifies the photographic image with the trace left by something missing or that has disappeared; and, secondly, it answers to the question of how to showcase the disappeared -the victims of Canudos– without creating an idolatrous image. Palabras clave: Barbarie; inconsciente óptico; campo ciego; tiempo; imagen idólatra; desaparición. Keywords: Barbarity; Optical Unconscious; Blind Field; Time; Idolatrous Image; Disappearance
Review of the history to the present of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in Latvian marine and inland waters with evidence from archeological sites
Authors: Purvina Santa , Pliksh Maris , Medne Ruta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Over the past few centuries, sturgeons have experienced decline and, in some cases, extinction worldwide caused primarily by habitat loss stemming from human activities and overfishing. The vulnerability of sturgeons to climate change and anthropogenic impacts is associated with their life characteristics, e.g., long life span, slow growth, late maturation, and specific spawning habitat requirements. Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill inhabited the Baltic Sea from at least 5,000 years before the Common Era until the twentieth century. It spawned in Latvia rivers and migrations during the Bronze Age and Middle Ages were intense. As early as the eighteenth century, single sturgeon catches are found in records, and these were identified as extraordinary cases. Although fisheries in river spawning grounds can lead to stock decline, the decline of sturgeons in Latvian waters was more likely determined by climate change, probably cooling or the so-called Little Ice Age that lasted from 1550 until 1850. Our records suggest that at the end of seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, the Northern border of sturgeon distribution moved southward. Latvian marine and freshwaters become the northern border of the species’ areal, while it was still fished in Poland and Germany before its complete extinction in the twentieth century.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Sphyraena afra from the coastal waters of Lagos State
Authors: Ayo-Olalusi Caroline Ireti , Ayoade Adedolapo Abeke 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The length-weight relationship and condition factor of Sphyraena afra from the Lagos coast (LC) and the Lagos lagoon complex (LLC) in the coastal waters of Lagos State were studied for a period of two years. Parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship were estimated using the equation W = a x TLb, while the condition factor was calculated with the equation K = 100 x BW x TL-3. The relationships of fish condition factor and body length, sex, and seasons in Lagos coastal waters were determined. The species exhibited negative allometric growth (b < 3, P < 0.05) for males, females, and combined sexes with the length exponent (b) ranging from 2.72 to 2.85. Correlation coefficient r ranged from 0.89 to 0.98. The allometric growth values obtained in LC and LLC from the length-weight relationship indicated that the fish species exhibited increases in length rather than in weight. The overall mean condition factors (K) for S. afra from the LC and the LLC were 0.97 ± 0.11 and 1.17 ± 0.12, respectively. The mean condition factors of females were higher than those for males at most of the sampling stations, and S. afra was observed to be in better condition during the dry season.
Microsatellite multiplexes for the genetic analyses of northern pike (Esox lucius) populations
Authors: Płecha Magdalena , Panagiotopoulou Hanna , Popović Danijela , Michalska-Parda Aleksandra , Gromadka Robert , Węgleński Piotr , Stanković Anna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The northern pike (Esox lucius L.) is a commercially important fish that forms freshwater and brackish populations. While the first ecotype is still quite abundant, the second has suffered rapid declines in recent years. Populations inhabiting the Baltic coastal waters of Poland have been supported by stocking programs since the late 1990s. This study describes a multiplex microsatellite (msDNA) assay consisting of 12 loci divided conveniently into two amplification sets (Elu78, Elu87, B451, Elu37, B457, B16, B25, and Elu19, Elu76, B422, Elu2, Elu7). The assay was optimized for genetic analyses of freshwater and brackish populations. These multiplexes were successfully executed to obtain the genetic profiles of 668 individuals from 16 populations (Poland and Germany). The average number of alleles was equal to 10.4, whereas the observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.18 to 0.89, with the average value of 0.64. The probability of the identity of the marker sets indicated the high power of identification of unique genotypes. Therefore, this molecular tool can be used to describe the genetic variability of populations, select the proper source of breeding material, and monitor the progress of stocking efforts in genetic conservation projects of this species.
Drug Therapy Problems in NCAA Division I-A Minnesota Gopher Student-Athletes
Authors: Merkey Becky , Pittenger Amy , Reidt Shannon , Isetts Brian 
Published: May 2019

As with all competitive sports, in NCAA Division I-A athletics it is important to maximize controllable factors in order for each athlete to compete at his or her best. One important and controllable factor that has the potential for improvement is the athlete’s medication experience. When medications are used to treat the correct condition, administered at the right time, and with the correct dose, they have the potential to improve outcomes and enhance athletic performance. As an example, it is essential that a soccer player who has asthma is using the correct inhaler, at the correct time, with proper technique, and with the correct number of puffs in order to support breathing and improve oxygen transportation during a game. Ineffective and unsafe use of medications can lead to serious disease-related events and also prevent an athlete from achieving their performance goals when they are not being used correctly. The goal of this project was to explore the presence and extent of drug therapy problems (DTPs) among a college athlete population. Within the 10 student-athletes who were interviewed, there were a total of 36 drug therapy problems identified, many of which were tied to a lack of understanding for their own medication regimen. This project suggests that medication-related needs may not be appropriately addressed among the college athlete population. The addition of a pharmacist on the athletic healthcare team would ensure appropriate medication use and optimization for health outcomes and overall athletic performance.

Article Type: Original Research
Má rotação intestinal em adultos: um relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Malrotation in adults: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bezerra Alexandre Mantovani , Yamaguchi Oscar Yukinobu , Gonçalves Luiza Arcas , Nascimento Bruno Azeredo Coutinho , Sassatani Alexandre Shiniti , Assef José Cesar 
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A Má Rotação Intestinal é uma anomalia congênita causada por incompleta ou ausência de rotação normal do intestino primitivo durante o período embrionário. Ela se manifesta de forma variável. Neste presente estudo, apresentaremos um caso que representa este diagnóstico. Relato do Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 51 anos, deu entrada ao pronto-socorro do Hospital Santa Isabel, com queixa de dor em epigástrio há 3 dias, contínua, com irradiação para hipogástrio e região direita do abdome associada a náuseas, vômitos biliosos e parada de eliminação de fezes. Como conduta inicial, foram solicitados exames laboratoriais e de imagem, com uma hipótese diagnóstica inicial de um abdome agudo obstrutivo a esclarecer. Na tomografia de abdome, em fase sem contraste, notou-se sinais de má-rotação intestinal. Conclusão: O caso relatado mostra uma apresentação típica de complicação secundária à má rotação intestinal em um adulto. Os exames de imagem foram importantes para o diagnóstico dessa paciente.Descritores: Anormalidades congênitas, Anormalidades do sistema digestório/diagnóstico por imagem, Intestinos/anormalidades, Obstrução intestinal, Rotação, AdultoAbstractBackground: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly caused by an incomplete or lack of normal gut rotation during embryogenic period. It manifests in varying ways. In this study, we present a case that represents this diagnosis. Case Report: Female patient, 51 years old, arrives at the Santa Isabel’s Emergency Department complaining about a continuous epigastric pain for the last 3 days, irradiating to the lower abdominal quadrant and right side of abdomen, associated with nausea, bilious vomiting, and failure to thrive. As an initial approach, image and laboratory studies were performed, with a diagnostic hypothesis of obstructive acute abdomen. In contrasted tomography, no contrast phase, signals of malrotation were seen. Conclusion: This case report provides a typical presentation of a complication from intestinal malrotation in an adult. Image studies were critical to this diagnosis. Key words: Congenital abnormalities, Digestive system abnormalities/diagnosis imaging, Intestines/abnormalities, Intestinal obstruction, Adult
Kierkegaard como crítico da imprensa: O caso “Corsário”
Authors: Paula Márcio Gimenes de 
Published: May 2019

A proposta do meu trabalho é apresentar, a partir de uma interpretação do caso Corsário, a crítica de Kierkegaard a um dado tipo de jornalismo que ocorria na Dinamarca de sua época. O intuito é compreender a polêmica do pensador para além de uma mera querela dinamarquesa e paroquial, situando-a num contexto maior de crítica à imprensa e, nessa mesma direção, almeja compreender o quanto o autor dinamarquês se enquadraria no modelo do típico intelectual do século XIX. Desse modo, o artigo divide-se em três partes: a) O caso Corsário - uma primeira explicação, b) Kierkegaard como intelectual do século XIX; c) Kierkegaard e outros autores da crise da modernidade: Balzac e Bernanos; d) Considerações finais.
The Disruption of Victorian Class and Gender Norms
Authors: Ostrander Paula Rae Bacchiochi 
Published: May 2019

During the late-nineteenth century, discussions surrounding female shop assistants permeated British society and culture appearing in newspapers, popular romance novels and political literature. Ultimately, through romantic literary and cultural texts “the shopgirl” emerged as a social construction, obscuring and shaping the experiences and identity of “ordinary” female shop assistants. While Victorian gender norms attempted to restrict women to the domestic sphere, the study of shopgirls illuminates the social anxieties and gender discourses that emerged alongside shifting consumption practices in Britain, resulting in the breakdown of separate gendered spaces. This paper will argue that the emergence of female shop assistants and the socially constructed “shopgirl” in the latter half of the nineteenth century transformed pre-existing Victorian class and gender norms in British society. Not only did shopgirls embody fantasies connected to consumer culture, but disrupted class and gender norms resulting in a variety of social anxieties, pertaining to the loss of female domesticity, social mobility, morality, as well as the dangers of London for women.
Narrativas de jovens estudantes universitários: imagens e simbolismos
Authors: Chaves Iduína Mont’Alverne , Mori Marcio , Silva Gilmar Oliveira da 
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é o de apresentar como a pesquisa narrativa pode promover o autoconhecimento e a reflexão em estudantes universitários, favorecer a construção de um ambiente em que as relações docente-discente se estreitem e capturar os sentidos elaborados por eles ao narrarem a sua vida estudantil. Este estudo está ancorado no paradigma da complexidade, de Edgar Morin, nos estudos antropológicos do imaginário, de Gilbert Durand, Hilmann, nas pesquisas de Christine Delory-Momberger, Bruner, Maria da Conceição Passeggi, Chaves, entre outros. Acreditamos que a pesquisa narrativa pode promover o acolhimento e (des)vendar o universo simbólico do alunato, auxiliando no saber sobre si e no estabelecimento de relações interpessoais mais benéficas. A pesquisa narrativa abre possibilidades de um diálogo estreito com a experiência viva, com a formação e com desenvolvimento pessoal. É dessa experiência viva que advém a compreensão, oriunda de uma escuta sensível que se manifesta nas histórias contadas por três estudantes neste texto.
PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI BERBASIS LITERASI INFORMASI UNTUK KELAS X SMA NEGERI 8 BONE
Authors: Wahidayanti Wahidayanti 
Published: May 2019

The study aims at examining (i) the quality (valid,practical, and effective) of econmic learning tools based on literacy which had been developed, (ii) the students’ response after being taugh by using economic learning tools based on literacy. The study was development research (Research and Development) which employed Thiagarajan and Sammen (Four-D) model which consisted of four stages, namely (1) define, (2) design, (3) development, and (4) dissimination. The test of learning tools was conducted to grade X student at SMAN 8 Bone of academic year 2018/2019. Data were collected using observation sheet, learning test, and questionnaire. Data were then analysed using descriptive analysis technique. The results of the development of economic learning tools based on literacy which cover the lesson plan, the students’ worksheet, learning test indicated that (1) the economic learning tools based on literacy which had been developed produce a valid, practical, and effective learning tools, (2) the students’ response after being based taught using economic learning tools based on literacy is positive. The conclusion which had been developed can improve learning outcomes on the lesson material of problems of economic and economic system
Guías clínicas para el tratamiento de la rosácea
Authors: Molina Ana Lucía , Londoño Ángela , Escobar Sara María , Benítez Marcela 
Published: May 2019

La rosácea es una condición inflamatoria crónica que afecta la piel y los ojos, caracterizada por eritema transitorio o persistente, pápulas y pústulas, y cuando está en etapas avanzadas, se presenta con “fimatosis”. Existen múltiples modalidades terapéuticas para esta entidad, pero es poco claro cuál es la más efectiva.Objetivo. Recolectar y analizar los diferentes estudios que hay en la literatura científica sobre el tratamiento de la rosácea y dar recomendaciones clínicas basadas en el nivel de evidencia.Métodos. La búsqueda de artículos sobre las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento de la rosácea pápulo-pustular, eritemato-telangiectásica y “fimatosa”, se hizo en las bases de datos Embase, Medline, Lilacs, Ovid, con el buscador Pubmed, desde enero de 1980 hasta junio de 2011. Luego de recolectar la literatura científica disponible, se analizó la información y se calificó la calidad de los estudios utilizando las escalas de Jadad para ensayos clínicos de asignación aleatoria, y CASPE para estudios de casos y controles, cohortes y estudios cualitativos. Finalmente, se dan recomendaciones clínicas según el grado de evidencia encontrado.Resultados. Se encontraron 178 artículos de las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas. En la rosácea pápulo-pustular los tratamientos con mayor nivel de evidencia son el metronidazol, el ácido azelaico, la sulfacetamida y la doxiciclina; en la rosácea eritemato-telangiectásica, las modalidades más utilizadas son los medios físicos, y en la rosácea “fimatosa”, el tratamiento de primera línea es el láser de CO2.Conclusiones. Este documento presenta una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica y formula recomendaciones terapéuticas basadas en el mejor nivel de evidencia que se encontró. Su implementación permitirá la unificación de criterios, con el objetivo de ofrecer un mejor tratamiento a los pacientes con la enfermedad.
The Modernisation of the Court System in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Changes to the Organisation of the Local District Courts and Regulation of Judges’ Duties in 1764–1793
Authors: Šmigelskytė-Stukienė Ramunė 
Published: May 2019

In the mid-18th century, with the spread of the ideas of the Enlightenment, fundamental reforms of the state’s governance were introduced in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Part of the state’s modernisation concerned the reform of the court system, considered by 18th-century political theorists to be one of the composite branches of the state administration (alongside the treasury, the police and the army). During the reign of Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski, the work of the courts of first instance underwent reform on several occasions in Poland and Lithuania: with the passing of laws in 1764, 1792 and 1793 on the structure and organisation of the activities of the castle and land courts, the existing court system was changed, as was the procedure for electing judges, also defining the scope of competency of the courts, regulating court activities and the duties of judges, introducing new requirements for the handling of court procedural documents, and the calculation of judges’ working hours. During the course of the introduction of these reforms, principles reflecting the administrative ideas of the Enlightenment were gradually entrenched in the court system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which concerned the election of judges and other court officials, the acceptance of collegial decisions, the elimination of the influence of any blood and marital ties, and the principles for remuneration, seeking to introduce stricter requirements for the qualification of judges.
In this article, based on legislation on the organisation of court activities passed at the diets (Sejm) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and documents from the dietines (sejmiki) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the author seeks to analyse changes to the activities of the courts and the regulation of judges’ duties, and reforms made in the court chanceries between 1764 and 1793.