bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DA GESTÃO ORGANIZACIONAL EM COOPERATIVAS DE AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Gregolin Marcos Roberto , Gregolin Graciela Caroline , Mattia Vinicius , Corbari Fábio , Zonin Wilson João 
Published: September 2018

A presente pesquisa desenvolveu-se no âmbito do Projeto Ater “Mais Gestão”, proposto pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário – MDA e teve como objetivo analisar o diagnóstico de 25 cooperativas da agricultura familiar localizadas no estado do Paraná. Optou-se pela análise minuciosa da área de Gestão Organizacional, pois constatou-se em estudos preliminares que esta subárea apresentou as maiores fragilidades. Tratou-se de um estudo documental, observacional e bibliográfico. Constatou-se que os principais limites se encontram nas subáreas “estrutura organizacional” e “organização do quadro social”, e as potencialidades nas subáreas “direção e participação” e “organização do quadro social”. Pondera-se também que os principais fatores que interferem na gestão organizacional das cooperativas da agricultura familiar incluem o apoio estatal, a escolha dos cooperados, a participação efetiva dos membros nas decisões e na gestão e o acesso às tecnologias, crédito e mercado.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento, cooperativismo, economia solidária. EVALUATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN COOPERATIVES OF FAMILY FARMERS OF THE STATE OF PARANÁ ABSTRACT:The present research was developed in the scope of the Ater Project "More Management", proposed by the Ministry of Agrarian Development - MAD and had the objective of analyzing the diagnosis of 25 family farming cooperatives located in the state of Paraná. It was opted for the detailed analysis of the Organizational Management area, because in preliminary studies this subarea presented the greatest weaknesses. It was a documentary, observational and bibliographic study. It was found that the main limits are in the sub-areas "organizational structure" and "organization of the membership", and the potentialities in the subareas "direction and participation" and "organization of membership". The main factors that interfere in the organizational management of family farming cooperatives include state support, cooperative choice, effective participation of members in decision-making and management, and access to technologies, credit, and the market.Keywords: development, cooperativism, solidarity economy.
Rights and Responsibilities in the Bahá’í Family System
Authors: Mahmoudi Hoda , DaBell Richard 
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the rights and responsibilities ascribed in the Bahá’í teachings to the members of the family. The complementary, rather than identical, functions of women and men are explored. It is asserted that through the application of Bahá’í teachings the institution of marriage and family emerges as a fundamental building block in the development of a new society and global civilization based on equality and unity among its members. The need for the application of the principle of gender equality in the family by focusing on the flexible aspects of gender roles as described in the Bahá’í writings is discussed. The importance of consultation as an instrument for effective communication within the family system is explained and its positive outcome in developing a loving egalitarian environment between and among family members is examined.
Paper presented at the North Central Regional meeting of the Association for Bahá’í Studies, February 3, 1990, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Potensi Tumbuhan Xanthostemon novoguineensis Valeton (Myrtaceae) dalam Fitoteknologi
Authors: Sanito Raynard C. 
Published: September 2018

This article is essential in a further analysis that related with potential feasibility function of Xanthostemon novoguineensisÂ in phytotechnology from one of an endemic plant in Papua, particularly in the remediation of polluted environment and the phytostructure of open green space area. This review aims to analyse the potential of this plant based on literature review and compare each research results Â towards some species from Myrtaceae family. X. novoguineensisÂ may be cultivated on an open green space area in Papua due to complying suitable requirements. Those requirements are namely ecology function as a source of insect diets, social-cultural functions in represent culture, the the relationship among Papuan Ethnic and their nature, and aesthetic functions due to its beautiful flower. In addition, the plant has a potential in phytoremediation of polluted environment due to its adaptation ability in a dry soil condition. As the comparison, the phytostructure of open green space area context, X. chrysanthusÂ has been cultivated on a public and private open green space area in Malaysia and Singapore. It has an important role as ecology function due to provide the source of food to many birds species undirectly. Owing to make the city landscape greater, the flower of X. chrysanthus, which has conspicuously and magnificently yellow colour, is a suitable plant to be cultivated. Furthermore, in the remediation assessment of polluted environment, X. chrysanthusÂ has the abilities in adaptation on the dry environment. The range levels acid (pH) of soil are 2-2.5. Interestingly, X. melanoxylon, which is an endemic species from Solomon Island, is growth naturally in an ultrafamic soils, consist of a high concentration of chromium, nickel, and magnesium. It also has a low degree of plants biodiversity. Therefore, according to X. chrysanthusÂ and X. melanoxylon, X. novoguneensisÂ has a tremendous potential as a candidate in Phytostructure and Phytoremediation. However, the further investigation is required to reveal the potential and the conservation challenge of this plant in Papua.Â Key words:Â phytoremediation, phytostructure, open green space area, X. chrysanthus, Potential.
Formation of Pedobaptism in the Third century: Origen, Hippolytus of Rome, Tertullian and Cyprian
Authors: Sannikov Serhii 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In the article of Sannikov S. "Formation of Pedobaptism in the Third century: Origen, Hippolytus of Rome, Tertullian and Cyprian the texts of pre-Nicaea Church fathers are analyzed in order to present their conception of water baptism. The works of four prominent theologians of the 3rd century (Origen, Hippolytus of Rome, Tertullian and Cyprian)" are examined particularly. Based on their texts, reflecting the conception of water baptism in various regions of the Roman Empire (Greek East – Alexandria, Latin Africa – Carthage and Rome), the process of formation of children baptism (pedobaptism) is studied in its active stage at that time.
The author demonstrates the factors significantly affecting the substitution of credobaptism (adult baptism by faith) with pedobaptism. The leading role in the emergence of children baptism was held by situations of extreme baptism (illness with the possibility of lethal outcome) when the rigid rules of joining the community could be ignored. The theological background for such actions was the conception of the baptism role as the washing of sins, which was gradually transformed from the forgiveness of sins by faith of the baptized to the conception of this process ex opera operato. Because of the fact that the theology of that time didn’t have the idea of original sin, Origen’s conception of the so called “spot of sin” began to develop for explaining the baptism of innocent infants.
La dynamique de création, réplication et déclin des lieux de pèlerinage : le nouveau pèlerinage de Shikoku à Sasaguri
Authors: Nakayama Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2018

The present article examines the dynamics between inside and outside of pilgrimage in studying the case of Sasaguri New Shikoku Holy Places (Sasaguri Shin-Shikoku reijō). As a result, it became possible to distinguish four facets of these dynamics: 1. dynamics by which the pilgrimage places are generated (dynamics of generation), 2. dynamics by which pilgrims going to visit these places are generated (dynamics of reception), 3. dynamics by which pilgrimage places change pilgrims (dynamics of action), and 4. dynamics by which pilgrims change pilgrimage places (dynamics of re-creation). The first and the fourth are dynamics that concern the pilgrimage places (creation and changes of the pilgrimage places), and the second and the third are dynamics concerning the pilgrims (use of pilgrimage places by pilgrims). What becomes evident in these dynamics is the power sustained on the notion of utsushi, that is "to copy", or "to transfer", or "to shift", or "to reflect". By imitating the resource of subtle power (reiryoku) and authority (iryoku) of the outside, it is possible to create inside a new culture of pilgrimage by using little resources of effort and knowledge. The appropriation of patterns is a creative method, and is the driving power of changing society and culture.
Pilgrimage can change humans, but in Sasaguri' s pilgrimage places, it is not only the pilgrims, but also the object of pilgrimage, that is those people who manage and control the holy places and who take care of pilgrims, who are changed: their identity consciousness and economic situation are drastically transformed. It is the pilgrimage places and those living there that are the object of ceaseless change.
The Influence of Inter-ethnic Relations on Historical Shifts in the Value Systems of Agricultural Goods and Practices among the Ersu and Han of Sichuan, China
Authors: Schmitt Edwin 
Published: September 2018

Cet article consiste en une approche des relations inter-ethniques en Chine, essentiellement fondées sur des rapports à l'agriculture. L'analyse se focalise sur les Ersu et les Han qui ont conjointement cultivé la région de Songlin di au Sichuan au cours des trois cents dernières années. À la lumière des échanges qu'ils ont entretenus, il est possible de mettre en évidence des différences dans la façon dont les deux groupes attribuent de la valeur à leurs biens et à leurs pratiques agricoles. Ainsi, cet article se fonde sur une conception anthropologique de la valeur pour mettre en lumière, de manière diachronique, les changements dans les relations inter-ethniques. À partir d'exemples ethnographiques, l'auteur montre comment les Han et les Ersu différencient « la valeur » de leurs produits et pratiques agricoles dans trois domaines étroitement liés : valeur pour la subsistance, valeur économique, et valeur rituelle. Les relations inter-ethniques ont donné lieu à des changements dans la façon dont Han et Ersu hiérarchisent ces trois niveaux de valeur pour leurs produits agricoles. L'auteur soutient que c'est l'interprétation de ces valeurs au fil du temps qui a changé, de sorte qu'une des formes de valeur peut prévaloir sur les autres. Une raison importante pour laquelle ces changements de valeurs ont eu lieu est due à l'évolution de la gouvernance dans la région.
Early Bodhisattva-Kingship in Tibet: The Case of Tri Songdétsen
Authors: Doney Lewis 
Published: September 2018

L’auteur de cet article examine la représentation de l’empereur tibétain Tri Songdétsen (Khri Srong lde brtsan ; 742-env. 800) en tant que roi bodhisattva. Au cours de sa vie, Tri Songdétsen fut représenté en tant qu’empereur, en tant que roi religieux, et peut-être aussi en tant que bodhisattva. Un éloge provincial de l’empereur, inclus dans l’inscription A de Drak Lhamo (Brag lha mo), le décrit également comme tel bodhisattva, aidant ses sujets à emprunter la voie de l’illumination. Un texte de Dunhuang, IOL Tib J 466/3, le mentionne en tant que roi bouddhiste du Tibet, ayant atteint le nirvāṇa. Le document Pelliot tibétain 840/3, quant à lui, propose une synthèse tibétaine de deux éléments indiens à propos du roi tantrique Tsa : la transmission royale du bouddhisme tantrique et le déclin inévitable du Dharma. Ce texte décrit le règne de Tri Songdétsen comme étant l’ « âge d’or » de la pratique tantrique, à partir duquel le tantra tibétain dégénéra ; ce thème du déclin est également présent dans l’injonction (bka’ shog) de Lha Lama Yeshé Ö (Lha bla ma Ye shes ’ od ; 947-1024 / 959-1036 ?). Cet article démontre que le terme bodhisattva, appliqué aux figures royales du Tibet à partir du IXe siècle au moins, est porteur d’une variété de significations, de la période impériale à celle post-impériale.
Tsenpo Chung, Yunnan wang, Mahārāja: Royal Titles in Narratives of Nanzhao Kingship between Tibet and Tang China
Authors: Bryson Megan 
Published: September 2018

Au huitième siècle, pendant la consolidation de leur pouvoir, les souverains du royaume de Nanzhao (649-903) formèrent des alliances stratégiques avec les puissances avoisinantes du Tibet et des Tang. Des documents de l’empire chinois des Tang et des deux royaumes, Nanzhao et tibétain, montrent que le Tibet et les Tang octroyèrent des titres aux souverains de Nanzhao : par exemple les titres tibétains “frère cadet du tsenpo” (tsenpo chung ; Wylie : bstan po gcung) et “Empereur de l’Est” (ch. Dong di) ou des titres chinois tels que “Roi du Yunnan” (Yunnan wang) et “Duc de la Principauté de Yue” (Yueguo gong). Ces titres tibétains et chinois apparaissent clairement dans la Dehua bei (Stèle de la transformation à travers la vertu) de 766. Cette inscription retrace l’histoire du royaume de Nanzhao et justifie leur changement d’allégeance des Tang vers le Tibet. Toutefois, la Nanzhao tuzhuan (Histoire illustrée de Nanzhao), rédigée en 899, qui relate, en textes et en images, l’introduction du bouddhisme dans le royaume de Nanzhao, met en exergue l’autorité bouddhique des souverains de Nanzhao dans la mesure où ils utilisent les titres de Mahārāja et de cakravartin. Cet article compare les emplois des titres bouddhiques, tibétains et chinois, dans la Dehua bei et la Nanzhao tuzhuan afin de comprendre de quelle façon les souverains de Nanzhao se positionnaient stratégiquement par rapport aux deux puissances du Nord et de l’Est. Bien que ces documents aient eu des publics, des buts et des stratégies rhétoriques différents, ils suggèrent que la royauté Nanzhao fut plus influencée par le modèle des Tang que par le tibétain ; cela est valable également pour leur représentation de la royauté bouddhique. Néanmoins, au neuvième siècle, les souverains Nanzhao invoquèrent les modèles de royauté bouddhique afin de revendiquer une identité politico-religieuse indienne qui leur permit de contourner les Tang et le royaume tibétain, qui avaient été leurs alliés et leurs concurrents.
The Perils of Exchange: Karma, Kingship and Templecraft in Tibet
Authors: Mills Martin A. 
Published: September 2018

Le concept de karma commun ou partagé reste un aspect largement inexploré dans les études bouddhiques. Toutefois, cette notion a un impact sur les valeurs tibétaines d’offrande, d’échange et sur le concept de moralité dans l’acte de gouverner. Les écrivains religieux tibétains ont généralement affirmé l’organisation articulée et, par extension « trans-personnelle », des actions morales et donc des conséquences karmiques. Ces liens « transpersonnels » sont générés par des relations de responsabilité, d’héritage commun et d’échange hiérarchique. Dans la sphère religieuse, une ambivalence morale envers l’offrande, l’échange et les parrainages de la part des bouddhistes vertueux est apparue. En effet, l’acceptation de cadeaux et d’offrandes est alors vue comme apportant certains rapprochements moraux qui sont considérés comme antithétiques à la pureté spirituelle. En ce qui concerne le gouvernement, cette logique était appliquée de façon proportionnelle aux responsabilités des souverains en tant que propriétaires de terre et en tant que destinataires des territoires conquis. De la sorte, les souverains et les institutions étatiques sont présentés comme étant au centre d’une « mer de karma » qui les relie au bien-être de leurs sujets. Dans le sillage de 1642, cette conception gêna la fondation de l’état du Ganden Podrang des Dalai Lama, qui devenaient à la fois souverains et maîtres spirituels. Cet article identifie trois méthodes principales par lesquelles la pureté spirituelle des Dalai Lamas en tant que souverains fut maintenue comme principe du pouvoir légitime : premièrement, la séparation entre l’état et le souverain ; deuxièmement, la protection rituelle du souverain des impuretés nécessaires liées aux actions séculières, en particulier à la guerre ; troisièmement, l’érection apotropaïque des temples (par exemple le Palais Blanc du Potala) afin de bloquer les conséquences karmiques de la guerre. Dans le cadre de la philosophie politique tibétaine, l’état bouddhique était donc loin d’être dépourvu de complexité : ces problèmes concernaient la question de l’agencement moral et de la pureté du souverain, mais étaient résolus dans des termes pratiques rituels plutôt qu’idéologiques.
The Fictional Kings of Nepal: An Exploration of the Monarch’s Pluri-Selfhood
Authors: Lecomte-Tilouine Marie 
Published: September 2018

Le Népal, où plus de cinquante royaumes occupaient le territoire jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et où la monarchie n’a été abolie qu’en 2008, offre un matériel d’une richesse exceptionnelle pour l’étude de la royauté. L’auteur de cet article explore les grands traits de son expression rituelle, pour les opposer aux portraits qu’on en trouve dans les récits « officiels » que sont les chroniques royales, en retenant la période de centralisation du royaume (fin XVIIIe-mi XIXe siècle). L’examen portera plus précisément sur la personne du roi, qui articule ces deux réalités, rituelle et narrative, et qui forme la figure autour de laquelle se développe une topologie très complexe du royaume. La question de la perversion et de la simplification de l’image du roi, qui ont précédé et sans doute aussi contribué à annoncer sa fin, sera posée.
Column Density Profiles of Cold Clouds Driven by Galactic Outflows
Authors: Cottle J’Neil , Scannapieco Evan , Brüggen Marcus 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Absorption line studies are essential to understanding the origin, nature, and impact of starburst-driven galactic outflows. Such studies have revealed a multiphase medium with a number of poorly understood features leading to a need to study the ionization mechanism of this gas. To better interpret these observations, we make use of a suite of adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic simulations of cold, atomic clouds driven by hot, supersonic outflows, including the effect of radiative cooling, thermal conduction, and an ionizing background characteristic of a starbursting galaxy. Using a new analysis tool, trident, we estimate the equilibrium column density distributions for 10 different ions: H i, Mg ii, C ii, C iii, C iv, Si iii, Si iv, N v, O vi, and Ne viii. These are fit to model profiles with two parameters describing the maximum column density and coverage, and for each ion we provide a table of these fit parameters, along with average velocities and line widths. Our results are most sensitive to Mach number and conduction efficiency, with higher Mach numbers and more efficient conduction leading to more compact, high column density clouds. We use our results to interpret down-the-barrel observations of outflows and find that the adopted ionization equilibrium model overpredicts column densities of ions such as Si iv and does not adequately capture the observed trends for N v and O vi, implying the presence of strong nonequilibrium ionization effects.
The Role of Twist in Kinked Flux Rope Emergence and Delta-spot Formation
Authors: Knizhnik K. J. , Linton M. G. , DeVore C. R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It has been observationally well established that the magnetic configurations most favorable for producing energetic flaring events reside in δ-spots, a class of sunspots defined as having opposite-polarity umbrae sharing a common penumbra. They are frequently characterized by extreme compactness, strong rotation, and anti-Hale orientation. Numerous studies have shown that nearly all of the largest solar flares originate in δ-spots, making the understanding of these structures a fundamental step in predicting space weather. Despite their important influence on the space environment, surprisingly little is understood about the origin and behavior of δ-spots. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of the behavior of emerging flux ropes to test a theoretical model for the formation of δ-spots: the kink instability of emerging flux ropes. We simulated the emergence of highly twisted, kink-unstable flux ropes from the convection zone into the corona, and we compared their photospheric properties to those of emerged weakly twisted, kink-stable flux ropes. We show that the photospheric manifestations of the emergence of highly twisted flux ropes closely match the observed properties of δ-spots, and we discuss the resulting implications for observations. Our results strongly support and extend previous theoretical work that suggested that the kink instability of emerging flux ropes is a promising candidate to explain δ-spot formation, as it reproduces their key characteristics very well.
A new insight into the Stygofauna Mundi: assembling a global dataset for aquatic fauna in subterranean environments
Authors: Martinez Alejandro , Anicic Nikoleta , Calvaruso Salvatore , Sanchez Nuria , Puppieni Laura , Sforzi Tommaso , Zaupa Silvia , Alvarez Fernando , Brankovits Dávid , Gąsiorowski Ludwik , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Gonzalez Brett , Humphreys William , Iliffe Thomas , Worsaae Katrine , Bailly Nicolas , Fontaneto Diego 
Published: September 2018

The potential of subterranean environments as models to address major evolutionary and ecological questions has been highlighted in the literature. They represent partially isolated, discrete units offering several replicates of the same evolutionary processes. Species occurrence data of these environments is abundant, although sparse in the literature or gathered in databases established according to regional, taxonomical, or ecological criteria. We here present a newly assembled dataset consisting of records of aquatic animals in all types of caves or wells from all over the world. Literature sources were gathered from Google Scholar by independently searching for each metazoan phylum/arthropod order, as well as the key words “cave”, “groundwater”, “well”, or “stygobite”, in English, Galician, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalonian, French, Italian, Hungarian, Greek, German, Polish, Russian, and Serbo-Croatian. The relevance of each source was confirmed after checking the title and the abstract. For each selected source, we examined its reference list in order to identify studies that were not published in journals indexed in the databases we searched. From the 6852 selected references, we manually extracted all records that concerned either

occurrence of a species in a given geographical area or

occurrence of any taxon in a particular cave or well.

occurrence of a species in a given geographical area or
occurrence of any taxon in a particular cave or well.
Records were classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether they provided new information or referred to already publish records, allowing us to identify redundant information in posterior analyses. Information for each access point was organized in as a gazetteer, including synonym names, geographical, ecological, and geological information. Following this strategy, we have obtained 48,800 records (32,769, primary) from 1957 references checked so far. Most records are amongst fish and crustaceans. In contrast, few data exist for other groups that are comparatively diverse outside caves, such as Nematoda. Relevant information will be included in World Register of Marine Cave Species (Fig. 1).