bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC01 in HIV-Exposed Newborn Infants
Authors: Cunningham Coleen K , McFarland Elizabeth J , Morrison R Leavitt , Capparelli Edmund V , Safrit Jeffrey T , Mofenson Lynne M , Mathieson Bonnie , Valentine Megan E , Perlowski Charlotte , Smith Betsy , Hazra Rohan , Purdue Lynette , Muresan Petronella , Harding Paul A , Mbengeranwa Tapiwa , Robinson Lisa-Gaye , Wiznia Andrew , Theron Gerhard , Lin Bob , Bailer Robert T , Mascola John R , Graham Barney S ,   IMPAACT P1112 team, Aldrovandi Grace , Bone Frederic , Dayton Dale , Johnston Benjamin , Morgan Patricia , Myers Kathryn , Tobin Nicole , Zimmer Bonnie , Rossouw Magdel , Rossouw Lindie , Louw Jeanne , Dobroszycki Joanna , Burey Marlene , Auguste Raphaelle , Graham Kathleen K , Major-Wilson Hanna , Mhembere Tsungai , Maturure Sukunena , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa , Barr Emily , Dunn Jennifer , Glenny Carrie , Chambers Carrie , Mirza Baig Mahboobullah , Purswani Murli , Deville Jaime G , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Shin Christina , Carter Michele F , Chahroudi Ann , Ahonen Alexis , Badell Martina , Chakraborty Rana , Agwu Allison , Christopher Golden W , Anderson Thuy , Collinson-Streng Aleisha , Diaz-Velasco Rodrigo , Rosario Nicolas , Pérez Elvia , Marrero Wanda I , Febo Irma , Santos Ruth , Zorrilla Carmen D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has dramatically decreased with maternal antiretroviral therapy, breast milk transmission accounts for most of the 180 000 new infant HIV infections annually. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) may further reduce transmission.MethodsA Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetic study was conducted: a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg (Dose Groups 1 and 2, respectively) of the bNAb VRC01 was administered to HIV-exposed infants soon after birth. Breastfeeding infants (Dose Group 3) received 40 mg/kg SC VRC01 after birth and then 20 mg/kg/dose SC monthly. All infants received appropriate antiretroviral prophylaxis.ResultsForty infants were enrolled (21 in the United States, 19 in Africa). Subcutaneous VRC01 was safe and well tolerated with only mild-to-moderate local reactions, primarily erythema, which rapidly resolved. For multiple-dose infants, local reactions decreased with subsequent injections. VRC01 was rapidly absorbed after administration, with peak concentrations 1–6 days postdose. The 40 mg/kg dose resulted in 13 of 14 infants achieving the serum 50 micrograms (mcg)/mL target at day 28. Dose Group 3 infants maintained concentrations greater than 50 mcg/mL throughout breastfeeding.ConclusionsSubcutaneous VRC01 as single or multiple doses is safe and well tolerated in very young infants and is suitable for further study to prevent HIV transmission in infants.
Do You Feel Welcome? Gendered Experiences in International Security Studies
Authors: Rublee Maria Rost , Jackson Emily B , Parajon Eric , Peterson Susan , Duncombe Constance 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unlike in the broader field of international relations, relatively little research on gender representation and gendered experiences exists within the subfield of security studies. This article begins to fill that gap by sharing the results of a 2019 survey of members of the International Security Studies Section (ISSS) of the International Studies Association (ISA). The survey results show striking gender differences in members’ experiences, with women more likely than men to describe ISSS as “insular,” “clubby,” and an “Old Boys’ Network”; more likely to report experiences of hostility and exclusion; and more likely to believe that diversity initiatives are needed. Our analysis reveals that women in the ISSS report (1) harassment, (2) negative experiences participating in various section activities, (3) more significant barriers to attending and being selected for the section's ISA program, and (4) a sense of feeling unwelcome at ISSS meetings, all at higher rates than male respondents.
Red Blood Cells and Platelets Conventional and Research Parameters: Stability Remarks Before Their Interpretation
Authors: Pérez Irene , Redín Maria Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the stability of red blood cells, platelets, and reticulocytes of the research parameters, in combination with the respective conventional parameters, for each analyte; and to quantify the morphological changes in these analytes, to propose a correction factor for each.MethodsEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood specimens from patients were reanalyzed in 2-hour intervals and then, the mean percentage (X¯t%) changes were calculated. To evaluate the stability of the analyzed material, we used different criteria according to within-run and between-batch analytical variation, as well as intraindividual biological variation. Next, the mean deviation percentage of the parameters that undergo time-dependent significant changes was calculated, to obtain a correction factor.ResultsSeveral conventional and research parameters showed significant alterations in the stability at an early time after arrival at the laboratory.ConclusionCell variations over time can be quantified and corrected by applying a multiplying factor to the signal obtained in the analyzer.
Multiwavelength observations of the triple-peaked AGN Mrk 622
Authors: Benítez E , Cruz-González I , Rodríguez-Espinosa J M , González-Martín O , Negrete C A , Gutiérrez L , Jiménez-Bailón E , Ruschel-Dutra D , Rodríguez L F , Loinard L , Binette L 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
A detailed multiwavelength study of the properties of the triple-peaked active galactic nucleus (AGN) Mrk 622 showing different aspects of the nuclear emission region is presented. Radio, near- and mid-infrared, optical, and X-ray data have been considered for the analysis. In the optical, the WHAN diagnostic diagrams show that the three nuclear peaks are strong active galactic nuclei since the equivalent width of H α is > 6 Å  and log  [N ii] λ6584/H α  ratio is > −0.4. Optical variability of both the continuum flux and intensity of the narrow emission lines is detected in a time span of 13 yr. The size of the narrow-line region is found to be 2.7 pc, with a light-crossing time of 8.7 yr. Analysis done to an archival Hubble Space Telescope image at 1055.2 nm shows that the host galaxy has a 3.6 kpc inner bar with PA  =  74°, faint spiral arms, and a pseudobulge, evolving through secular processes. High-resolution mid-infrared images obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and the instrument CanariCam show that the nuclear emission at 11.6 $\rm{\mu m}$ is not spatially resolved. Very Large Array archival observations at 10 GHz reveal a core source with a total flux density of 1.47 ± 0.03 mJy. The spectral index of the core between 8 and 12 GHz is −0.5 ± 0.2, characteristic of AGN. The core deconvolves into a source with dimensions of 82 ± 13 mas $\, \times \,$ 41 ± 20 mas, and a PA = 70  ±  18 deg, which suggests that the core is elongated or that it is constituted by multiple components distributed along a ∼65° axis.
Recalibrating the cosmic star formation history
Authors: Wilkins Stephen M , Lovell Christopher C , Stanway Elizabeth R 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The calibrations linking observed luminosities to the star formation rate (SFR) depend on the assumed stellar population synthesis model, initial mass function, star formation and metal enrichment history, and whether reprocessing by dust and gas is included. Consequently the shape and normalization of the inferred cosmic star formation history is sensitive to these assumptions. Using v2.2.1 of the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (bpass) model we determine a new set of calibration coefficients for the ultraviolet, thermal infrared, and hydrogen recombination lines. These ultraviolet and thermal infrared coefficients are 0.15–0.2 dex higher than those widely utilized in the literature while the H α coefficient is ∼0.35 dex larger. These differences arise in part due to the inclusion binary evolution pathways but predominantly reflect an extension in the IMF to 300 M⊙ and a change in the choice of reference metallicity. We use these new coefficients to recalibrate the cosmic star formation history, and find improved agreement between the integrated cosmic star formation history and the in situ measured stellar mass density as a function of redshift. However, these coefficients produce new tension between SFR densities inferred from the ultraviolet and thermal infrared and those from H α.
Exploring particle escape in supernova remnants through gamma rays
Authors: Celli S , Morlino G , Gabici S , Aharonian F A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The escape process of particles accelerated at supernova remnant (SNR) shocks is one of the poorly understood aspects of the shock acceleration theory. Here we adopt a phenomenological approach to study the particle escape and its impact on the gamma-ray spectrum resulting from hadronic collisions both inside and outside of a middle-aged SNR. Under the assumption that in the spatial region immediately outside of the remnant the diffusion coefficient is suppressed with respect to the average Galactic one, we show that a significant fraction of particles are still located inside the SNR long time after their nominal release from the acceleration region. This fact results into a gamma-ray spectrum that resembles a broken power law, similar to those observed in several middle-aged SNRs. Above the break, the spectral steepening is determined by the diffusion coefficient outside of the SNR and by the time dependence of maximum energy. Consequently, the comparison between the model prediction and actual data will contribute to determining these two quantities, the former being particularly relevant within the predictions of the gamma-ray emission from the halo of escaping particles around SNRs, which could be detected with future Cherenkov telescope facilities. We also calculate the spectrum of runaway particles injected into the Galaxy by an individual remnant. Assuming that the acceleration stops before the SNR enters the snowplow phase, we show that the released spectrum can be a featureless power law only if the accelerated spectrum is ∝ p−α with α > 4.
Modified Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for Previously Coiled Giant Basilar Apex Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Basilar apex aneurysms are generally preferentially managed with endovascular intervention; however, these lesions can demonstrate refractory persistence despite this treatment and, in such cases, must be managed microsurgically. Successful navigation to and manipulation of the basilar apex through the orbitozygomatic approach requires an intricate understanding of the cerebrovascular microanatomy and arachnoid planes within interpeduncular fossa and comfort with use of the operating microscope for the long surgical trajectory to the basilar apex. This patient had a multiply recurrent basilar apex aneurysm; 3 previous coil embolization attempts had been made without successful aneurysm obliteration. This case presented multiple complicating factors, including the presence of a large coil mass and the significant size of the basilar apex lesion. An Allcock test was performed to determine the collateralization across the posterior communicating arteries, and no posterior communicating arteries were visualized, which suggested isolation of the posterior and anterior circulation. A fenestrated clip was utilized from the right side to occlude the base of the aneurysm. Single-clip application was not impeded by the coil mass. Postoperative angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Microscopic optical potentials including breakup effects for elastic scattering
Authors: Ogawa Shoya , Horinouchi Ryo , Toyokawa Masakazu , Matsumoto Takuma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We construct a microscopic optical potential including breakup effects for the elastic scattering of weakly binding projectiles within the Glauber model, in which a nucleon–nucleus potential is derived using the $g$-matrix folding model. The derived microscopic optical potential is referred to as the eikonal potential. For $d$ scattering, calculation with the eikonal potential, i.e., the EP model, reasonably reproduces the result of the exact calculation with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method at intermediate energies. From the properties of the EP model, the inaccuracy of the eikonal approximation used in the Glauber model is partially excluded. Also analyzed with the eikonal potential is the scattering of $^6$He from $^{12}$C, and its applicability to scattering with many-body projectiles is shown.
Time series analysis for multi-dimensional dynamical systems combining wavelet transformation and local principal component analysis
Authors: Fuji Kana , Toda Mikito 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo analyze trajectories for systems of many degrees of freedom, we propose a new method called wavelet local principal component analysis (WlPCA) combining the wavelet transformation and local PCA in time. Our method enables us to reduce the dimensionality of time series both in degrees of freedom and frequency so that characteristic features of oscillatory behavior can be captured. To test the new method, we apply WlPCA to a non-autonomous model of multiple degrees of freedom, the Froeschlé maps of $N=2$ and $N=4$, which correspond to autonomous systems of three and five degrees of freedom, respectively. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained by WlPCA reveal those times when frequency variation exhibits switching between relatively stationary features. Moreover, further analyses indicate which degrees of freedom and frequencies are involved in the switching. We confirm that the switching corresponds to the onset of transport in phase space. These findings imply that, even for systems of larger degrees of freedom, barriers can exist in phase space that block transport for a finite time, thereby dividing the phase space into multiple quasi-stationary regions. Thus, our method is promising for understanding dynamics in systems of many degrees of freedom, such as vibrational-energy redistribution in molecules.
Mine, Yours or Ours? The Efficiency of Household Investment Decisions: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Mani Anandi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article sheds light on the impact on household investment efficiency of a social norm that a man should not earn less than his wife. The experiment distinguishes this impact from that of spouses’ desire for control over household resources. Both husbands and wives are found to sacrifice household income (efficiency) for greater control; but, consistent with this social norm, husbands alone behave inefficiently if assigned a smaller income share than their spouse. The evidence suggests spiteful behavior among such husbands: they are willing to undercut their own income to narrow the gap with their wives’ earnings. The magnitude of husbands’ inefficiency influenced by this social norm is comparable to that when husbands have the least control over household earnings. These results, taken together with evidence from developed countries, show that this social norm has a persistent effect on household efficiency, distinct from spouses’ economic concerns.
Illicit Financial Flows: Concepts, Measurement, and Evidence
Authors: Collin Matthew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that the presence of illegal and harmful cross-border financial flows is one of the factors impeding economic and human development. In recent years, a new conceptual framework for describing these “illicit” financial flows (IFFs) has emerged that combines issues ranging from cross-border money laundering to tax evasion. This article summarizes and clarifies recent empirical work in this area. Three types of studies are considered and critiqued: (i) methods of measuring IFFs, (ii) constructed risk indicators, and (iii) forensic studies that aim to uncover instances where illicit flows have occurred. The article discusses the limitations of all three approaches and proposes ways in which the research agenda on IFFs could be reasonably advanced, given the hidden nature of the subject.
The Conditional Probability of Vestibular Schwannoma Growth at Different Time Points After Initial Stability on an Observational Protocol
Authors: Sethi Mantegh , Borsetto Daniele , Cho Yeajoon , Gair Juliette , Gamazo Nicola , Jefferies Sarah , Joannides Alexis , Mannion Richard , Helmy Adel , Axon Patrick , Donnelly Neil , Tysome James R. , Bance Manohar 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The natural history of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is well documented in the literature, with tumour growth being paramount to decision making for both surveillance and treatment of these patients. Most previous studies refer to the risk of VS growth over a given period of time; however, this is not useful for counselling patients at different stages of their follow-up, as the risk of tumour growth is likely to be less following each subsequent year that a tumour does not grow. Accordingly, we investigated the conditional probability of VS growth at particular time-points, given a patient has not grown thus far. This Bayesian method of risk stratification allows for more tailored and accurate approximations of the risk of growth versus nongrowth of VS.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database in a tertiary referral skull base unit, containing all patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 with sporadic unilateral VS and a minimum of 5-year surveillance.

Results:
A total of 341 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 67 years, the sizes of the VS at diagnosis were intracanalicular in 49%, small in 39%, medium in 11%, and large in 1%. Over the entire 5-year surveillance period, a total of 139 tumours were seen to grow (41%) and 202 did not grow (59%). At 1 year, the probability of growth given that the tumour had not grown to date was seen to be 21%, at 2 years 12%, at 3 years 9%, at 4 years 3%, and at 5 years 2%. The conditional probability of growth of extracanalicular VS was significantly higher in the first year when compared with intracanalicular VS (29% versus 13%, p = 0.01), but there was no such difference in years 2, 3, 4 or 5 (p = 0.60, 0.69, 0.36, 0.39, respectively).

Conclusion:
This is the first study in the literature concerned specifically with the conditional probability of VS growth. The data presented here can be used to better inform VS patients of their risk of growth at particular time points in their disease—the longer VS have been observed to be stable, the lower the risk of subsequent growth in a given year. Further, an extracanalicular vestibular schwannoma is more likely to grow in the first year compared with an intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma. Our data also adds support to surveillance protocols with increasingly infrequent MRI scans, as after 4 years of not growing, the risk of growth in year 5 falls to <2%.
Georhizobium profundi gen. nov., sp. nov., a piezotolerant bacterium isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample of the New Britain Trench
Authors: Cao Junwei , Wei Yuli , Lai Qiliang , Wu Yunjie , Deng Junhao , Li Jianyang , Liu Rulong , Wang Li , Fang Jiasong 
Published: October 2019

A novel alphaproteobacterium, strain WS11T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the New Britain Trench. The full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain WS11T had the highest sequence similarity of 97.6 % to

Rhizobium subbaraonis

JC85T, followed by

Mycoplana ramosa

DSM 7292T (96.9 %) and

Rhizobium azooxidifex

Po 20/26T (96.8 %). Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences showed that strain WS11T was deeply separated from the species within the family

Rhizobiaceae

. Phylogenomic analysis based on the whole-genome protein sequences showed that strain WS11T formed an independent monophyletic branch in the family

Rhizobiaceae

, paralleled with the species in the families

Brucellaceae

and

Phyllobacteriaceae

within the order

Rhizobial

es. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, and aerobic short rods (1.5–2.4×0.9–1.0 µm). Growth was observed at salinities ranging from 0 to 5% (optimum, 1 %), from pH 6.5 to 9 (optimum, pH 7) and at temperatures between 20 and 30 °C (optimum, 28 °C). Strain WS11T was piezotolerant, growing optimally at 0.1 MPa (range 0.1–70 MPa). The main fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18
: 1
ω
6c). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminophospholipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The genome size was about 4.36 Mbp and the G+C content was 62.3 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain WS11T represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family

Rhizobiaceae

, for which the name Georhizobium profundi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain WS11T=MCCC 1K03498T=KCTC 62439T).
Reduced RNA turnover as a driver of cellular senescence
Authors: Mullani Nowsheen , Porozhan Yevheniia , Costallat Mickael , Batsché Eric , Goodhardt Michele , Cenci Giovanni , Mann Carl , Muchardt Christian 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAccumulation of senescent cells is an important contributor to chronic inflammation upon aging. While cytoplasmic DNA was shown to drive the inflammatory phenotype of senescent cells, an equivalent role for RNA has never been explored. Here, we show that some senescent cells accumulate long promoter RNAs and 3’ gene extensions, rich in retrotransposon sequences. Accordingly, these cells display increased expression of genes involved in detecting double stranded RNA of viral origin downstream of the interferon pathway. The RNA accumulation is correlated with signs of reduced RNA turn-over, including in some cases, reduced expression of RNA exosome subunits. Reciprocally, engineered inactivation of RNA exosome subunit Exosc3 induces expression of multiple senescence markers. A senescence-like RNA accumulation is also observed in cells exposed to oxidative stress, an important trigger of cellular senescence. Altogether, we propose that in a subset of senescent cells, repeat-containing transcripts stabilized by oxidative stress or reduced RNA exosome activity participate, possibly in combination with cytoplasmic DNA, in driving and maintaining the permanent inflammatory state characterizing cellular senescence.
Embryonic organoids recapitulate early heart organogenesis
Authors: Rossi Giuliana , Boni Andrea , Guiet Romain , Girgin Mehmet , Kelly Robert G. , Lutolf Matthias P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrganoids are powerful models for studying tissue development, physiology, and disease. However, current culture systems disrupt the inductive tissue-tissue interactions needed for the complex morphogenetic processes of native organogenesis. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be coaxed to robustly undergo the fundamental steps of early heart organogenesis with anin vivo-like spatiotemporal fidelity. These axially patterned embryonic organoids support the generation of cardiovascular progenitors, as well as first and second heart field compartments. The cardiac progenitors self-organize into an anterior domain reminiscent of a cardiac crescent before forming a beating cardiac tissue near a putative primitive gut-like tube, from which it is separated by an endocardial-like layer. These findings unveil the surprising morphogenetic potential of mESCs to execute key aspects of organogenesis through the coordinated development of multiple tissues. This platform could be an excellent tool for studying heart development in unprecedented detail and throughput.