bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Quality Control in the Mix Design of High-Strength Concrete Using a Capacity-Based Approach
Authors: Basu Dhiman , Mushtaq Sheikh Mayesser , Sharma Shivani , Tripathi Sandesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mix design of concrete is an important aspect that affects its strength and durability. This paper aims to revisit the existing mix design method given in IS 10262:2019 through a capacity-based approach. The approach involves identifying the possible failure modes in concrete and eliminating the undesirable ones leading to significant reduction in dispersion. This is accomplished by utilizing coarse aggregates that meet a specific minimum strength requirement or threshold (e.g., ~ 77 MPa for M95 grade of concrete), which is determined through a priori estimating the cohesion and friction angle of the concrete. The methodology to estimate the cohesion and friction angle from a single unconfined compression test is proposed based on the Mohr–Coulomb theory and using the orientation of failure plane of fractured specimen as a supplemental information from the same experiment. This paper also offers a simple and approximate test procedure to estimate the aggregate's compressive strength (~ 106 MPa in this mix design) reasonably which is essential for the capacity-based mix design. An experimental programme is also carried out to design the concrete mix using the proposed capacity-based approach. The results indicate that M95 concrete is achieved with a low standard deviation and coefficient of variation (~ 3%), falling in class of excellent quality control as per ACI 214R-11. This quality control is crucial in seismic structural design as variations in concrete strength is likely to negate the underlying principle of strong column–weak beam philosophy resulting in the triggering of undesirable shear modes of failure.
Thermoregulation and survival during sepsis: insights from the cecal ligation and puncture experimental model
Authors: Costa Luis H. A. , Trajano Isis P. , Passaglia Patricia , Branco Luiz G. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis remains a major global health concern due to its high prevalence and mortality. Changes in body temperature (Tb), such as hypothermia or fever, are diagnostic indicators and play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. This study aims to characterize the thermoregulatory mechanisms during sepsis using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and explore how sepsis severity and ambient temperature (Ta) influence Tb regulation and mortality. Rats were subjected to mild or severe sepsis by CLP while housed at thermoneutral (28 °C) or subthermoneutral (22 °C) Ta, and their Tb was monitored for 12 h. Blood and hypothalamus were collected for cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analysis.

Results
At 28 °C, febrile response magnitude correlated with sepsis severity and inflammatory response, with tail vasoconstriction as the primary heat retention mechanism. At 22 °C, Tb was maintained during mild sepsis but dropped during severe sepsis, linked to reduced UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue and less effective vasoconstriction. Despite differences in thermoregulatory responses, both Ta conditions induced a persistent inflammatory response and increased hypothalamic PGE2 production. Notably, mortality in severe sepsis was significantly higher at 28 °C (80%) compared to 22 °C (0%).

Conclusions
Our findings reveal that ambient temperature and the inflammatory burden critically influence thermoregulation and survival during early sepsis. These results emphasize the importance of considering environmental factors in preclinical sepsis studies. Although rodents in experimental settings are often adapted to cold environments, these conditions may not fully translate to human sepsis, where cold adaptation is rare. Thus, researchers should carefully consider these variables when designing experiments and interpreting translational implications.

Graphical Abstract
Orbital timescale CaCO3 burial and dissolution changes off the Chilean margin in the subantarctic Pacific over the past 140 kyr
Authors: Kasuya Takuto , Okazaki Yusuke , Iwasaki Shinya , Nagashima Kana , Kimoto Katsunori , Lamy Frank , Hagemann Julia R. , Lembke-Jene Lester , Arz Helge W. , Murayama Masafumi , Lange Carina B. , Harada Naomi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCalcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution at the Southern Ocean seafloor has hypothetically contributed to lowering the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by increasing ocean alkalinity during glacial periods. We present new CaCO3 burial and dissolution records from two sediment cores obtained off the Chilean margin in the subantarctic SE Pacific and covering the past 140 kyr since Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. These records include CaCO3 contents and mass accumulation rates, and microfossil-based analysis results, including fragmentation ratios, sieve-based weights (SBWs), and ultrastructural observations of planktic foraminiferal tests. Our bulk CaCO3-based analyses and Globorotalia inflata SBWs revealed three major CaCO3 dissolution events during colder stages of MIS 5d and 5b and at the MIS 5/4 boundary that are traceable events in the eastern South Pacific along the Chilean margin and in the Drake Passage. Furthermore, CaCO3 burial exhibited pronounced glacial/interglacial fluctuations, with almost no burial during glacials (MIS 6, 4, 3, and 2) and recovery during interglacials (MIS 5e and 1) and early glacials (MIS 5d–a). This pattern agrees with previous observations over a wide area of the Southern Ocean, except in the deep Cape Basin > 4600 m in the South Atlantic Ocean. Considering that our sites were located upstream of the Drake Passage, the Circumpolar Deep Water, which was influenced by carbon-rich Pacific Deep Water, likely propagated from the subantarctic eastern Pacific to the South Atlantic at least at depths of ~ 3000 to ~ 4000 m and decreased CaCO3 burial during glacials. These findings supported the importance of carbonate compensation in the Southern Ocean for the carbon cycle on the glacial/interglacial timescale.
Impact of salmon farming in the antibiotic resistance and structure of marine bacterial communities from surface seawater of a northern Patagonian area of Chile
Authors: Ortiz-Severín Javiera , Hodar Christian , Stuardo Camila , Aguado-Norese Constanza , Maza Felipe , González Mauricio , Cambiazo Verónica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Aquaculture and salmon farming can cause environmental problems due to the pollution of the surrounding waters with nutrients, solid wastes and chemicals, such as antibiotics, which are used for disease control in the aquaculture facilities. Increasing antibiotic resistance in human-impacted environments, such as coastal waters with aquaculture activity, is linked to the widespread use of antibiotics, even at sub-lethal concentrations. In Chile, the world's second largest producer of salmon, aquaculture is considered the primary source of antibiotics residues in the coastal waters of northern Patagonia. Here, we evaluated whether the structure and diversity of marine bacterial community, the richness of antibiotic resistance bacteria and the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes increase in communities from the surface seawater of an area with salmon farming activities, in comparison with communities from an area without major anthropogenic disturbance.

Results
The taxonomic structure of bacterial community was significantly different between areas with and without aquaculture production. Growth of the culturable fraction under controlled laboratory conditions showed that, in comparison with the undisturbed area, the bacterial community from salmon farms displayed a higher frequency of colonies resistant to the antibiotics used by the salmon industry. A higher adaptation to antibiotics was revealed by a greater proportion of multi-resistant bacteria isolated from the surface seawater of the salmon farming area. Furthermore, metagenomics data revealed a significant higher abundance of antibiotic resistant genes conferring resistance to 11 antibiotic families in the community from salmon farms, indicating that the proportion of bacteria carrying the resistance determinants was overall higher in salmon farms than in the undisturbed site.

Conclusions
Our results revealed an association between bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance from surface seawater of a coastal area of Chile. Although the total bacterial community may appear comparable between sites, the cultivation technique allowed to expose a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the salmon farming area. Moreover, we demonstrated that metagenomics (culture-independent) and phenotypic (culture-dependent) methods are complementary to evaluate the bacterial communities’ risk for antibiotic resistance, and that a human—influenced environment (such as salmon farms) can potentiate bacteria to adapt to environmental stresses, such as antibiotics.
Comparisons of different electrical stimulation modalities for treating visceral pain in a rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Zhao Tingting , Wiley John W. , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different electrical stimulation methods (bilateral electroacupuncture (BEA), unilateral EA (UEA), transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA, stimulation via surface electrodes placed at acupoints), and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS)) on visceral pain in a rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Ten-day-old male and female pups were treated with 0.2 ml of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) solution. Visceral sensitivity was assessed using an electromyogram (EMG) in response to graded colorectal distension. In the first experiment, bilateral EA at ST36 acupoint was performed with different parameters in male rats to determine the best stimulation parameters. In the second experiment, male rats were randomly assigned into the Sham, BEA, UEA, TEA, and SNS groups to determine the best stimulation method. Lastly, the AA-treated female rats were randomly assigned into the BEA and sham groups to investigate a potential treatment difference between the sexes. Two distinct sets of stimulation parameters were used: Set 1 (100 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse width, 0.1 s ON, 0.4 s OFF, 0.4–3.0 mA current) and Set 2 (25 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse width, 2 s ON, 3 s OFF, 0.4–3.0 mA current).Results (1) The parameter set of 100Hz was found to be most effective in reducing visceral pain. (2) Both acute UEA and TEA effectively relieved visceral pain, whereas acute SNS did not exhibit such an effect. (3) Acute BEA improved visceral pain in both male and female rats.Conclusions These findings suggest that transcutaneous ST36 stimulation is as effective as direct ST36 stimulation and unilateral ST36 stimulation is comparable to bilateral stimulation. Development of a novel therapy using unilateral transcutaneous ST36 stimulation is warranted.
Prevalence, diagnosis and management of intracranial atherosclerosis in White populations: a narrative review
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Evangelos , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Magoufis George , Safouris Apostolos , Kargiotis Odysseas , Psychogios Klearchos , Vassilopoulou Sofia , Theodorou Aikaterini , Chondrogianni Maria , Bakola Eleni , Frantzeskaki Frantzeska , Sidiropoulou Tatiana , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) represents a leading cause of ischemic stroke worldwide, conferring increased risk of recurrent stroke and poor clinical outcomes among stroke survivors. Emerging evidence indicates a paradigm shift, pointing towards increasing detection rates of ICAD among White populations and an evolving epidemiological profile across racial and ethnic groups. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ICAD, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and evolving epidemiological trends, including underlying mechanisms, advanced neuroimaging techniques for diagnostic evaluation, racial disparities in prevalence, and current and emerging management strategies.

Main body
Atherosclerotic plaque accumulation and progressive arterial stenosis of major intracranial arteries comprise the pathophysiological hallmark of ICAD. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) or high-grade ICAS is reached when luminal narrowing exceeds 50% and 70%, respectively. Advanced neuroimaging, including high-resolution vessel wall MRI (HRVW-MRI), has recently enabled ICAD detection before luminal stenosis occurs. While earlier studies disclosed significant racial disparities in ICAS prevalence, with higher rates among Asians, Hispanics, and Blacks, recent evidence reveals rising detection rates of ICAD among White populations. Genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors have been suggested to confer an increased susceptibility of certain ethnicities and races to ICAD. Nevertheless, with improved accessibility to advanced neuroimaging, ICAD is increasingly recognized as an underlying stroke etiology among White patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke and stroke of undetermined etiology. While conventional management of ICAS entails risk factor modification, pharmacotherapy, and endovascular treatment in selected high-risk patients, substantial progress remains to be made in the management of ICAD at its early, pre-stenotic stages.

Conclusion
ICAD remains a critical yet underappreciated risk factor for ischemic stroke across all populations, highlighting the need for increased awareness and improved diagnostic strategies. The emerging epidemiological profile of ICAD across racial groups necessitates a reassessment of risk factors, screening protocols and preventive strategies. Future research should focus on refining the diagnostic criteria and expanding the therapeutic options to cover the full spectrum of ICAD, with the aim of improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of intracranial atherosclerosis and stroke.
Knowledge and attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy for psychiatric conditions in a single-center Jordanian hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdllah Abdulrahman Nidal , Al-Falooji Nadeen , Khaled Lara , Hammad Rashed , Al Zghoul Leen , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Bani Mustafa Radwan , Qaswal Abdallah Barjas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge and attitude toward electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) play crucial roles in determining the acceptance of ECT as a viable and effective treatment option.

Results
This study involved 400 participants (57.3% female), aged 18–25 years (36.8%) and predominantly single (49.8%), with a bachelor’s degree or higher (78.8%). Only 1.8% had undergone ECT before. While 32.0% relied on social media for ECT information, only 9.5% had a family history of psychiatric illness, and 5.8% had previous psychiatric visits. Knowledge about ECT was moderate (4.51 ± 1.76). Attitudes were less favorable (2.45 ± 2.47), with concerns about ECT as punishment or inhumane treatment. Public stigma towards mental illness was moderate (mean score: 17.77 ± 6.89), with some disagreement on stereotypes. Significant differences were observed in the knowledge scale based on residing governorates and sources of information (p = 0.003 and < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, significant differences in the attitude scale were reported for sources of information (p = 0.002), and significant differences in public stigma were found among age groups (p = 0.023). Spearman’s correlation revealed moderate positive associations between knowledge and attitudes (0.314, p < 0.001) and weak positive associations between knowledge and public stigma (0.185, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with stigma and poor knowledge of ECT may affect their choice in undergoing or advising family members to take on ECT if medically prescribed.
Relation of albuminuria to some complications of chronic kidney disease in children: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Aboumosalam Nourhan Essam , Abdel-Moneim Mahmoud Adel , Khater Doaa , Abdel-Salam Nancy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease is associated with several complications with higher prevalence and intensity at lower glomerular filtration rate. Albuminuria is the traditional biomarker of kidney damage. Although albuminuria can contribute to renal function decline, only a few studies have been published on whether albuminuria is associated with concurrent complications of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this work was to identify the relation between albuminuria and some of concurrent complications of chronic kidney disease among children.

Methods
A cross-sectional study included fifty children with chronic kidney disease stages 2–5. Measurement of blood pressure, hemoglobin, serum bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and lipid profile was done. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was determined. The relation between albuminuria and some of the complications of chronic kidney disease among children was studied.

Results
The study included 50 patients aged 3–14 years. Dyslipidemia was present in 62% of the patients, acidosis in 56%, anemia in 38%, hyperphosphatemia in 34%, hypertension in 28%, and hypocalcemia in 22%. Eighty-eight percent had albuminuria, 26% had microalbuminuria, and 62% had macroalbuminuria. A statistically significant relation was found between the degree of albuminuria and presence of anemia and hyperphosphatemia. But no significant relation was found between the degree of albuminuria and presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, acidosis, or hypocalcemia.

Conclusion
There is a significant relation between the degree of albuminuria and presence of anemia and hyperphosphatemia among children with chronic kidney disease.
The importance of multimodality imaging in diagnosing cystic parathyroid gland hyperplasia: a case report and systematic review
Authors: Supit Nina ISH , Purwoto Johanes , Adham Marlinda , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Sulay Callistus Bruce Henfry , Octavius Gilbert Sterling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Parathyroid cysts account for a small percentage of parathyroid lesions and are more prevalent in females. Cystic parathyroid hyperplasia is exceptionally rare, with only two cases reported thus far. This case report provides the readers with the first multimodality imaging in cystic parathyroid hyperplasia as well as the authors’ first experience in using a 4D computed tomography (CT) scan in our institution while the systematic review will comprehensively search and present similar cases.

Main text
The literature search started and ended on August 4, 2024. We searched five academic databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The studied population was all patients with cystic parathyroid gland hyperplasia, confirmed by histopathology. A total of 205 articles were initially identified, out of which 29 duplicates were promptly eliminated, leaving 176 unique articles for screening. Following the evaluation of titles and abstracts, ultimately only two studies were included in the systematic review. A 61-year-old male presented with recurrent abdominal pain and weight loss. Ultrasound revealed a left neck mass, cystic. The laryngeal CT scan agreed with the ultrasound while the Technetium-99 sestamibi scan suggested a thyroid lesion. A 4D CT scan confirmed a lobulated cystic lesion in the left parathyroid region. The patient underwent successful surgery, and histopathology confirmed parathyroid hyperplasia with a pseudocyst appearance.

Conclusions
This case report presents the first imaging multimodality in cystic parathyroid hyperplasia while highlighting the rarity of this case, with two cases worldwide. In addition, this article describes our institution’s first experience with a 4D CT scan.
Paving the way for future advancements in superconductivity research through gold ormus studies
Authors: Hasson Mohamad , Alkourdi Mohamad Asem , Al-Raeei Marwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Gold ormus is a type of superconductor that can exhibit superconductivity at temperatures below 1 Kelvin, allowing it to conduct electricity without resistance. While not as widely used as other materials like niobium or lead, gold ormus is valuable for research in superconductivity. Limited studies have been conducted on gold ormus. Numerical simulations of the Ginzburg–Landau theory have yielded important results for both gold ormus.

Results
Class-I and class-II superconducting gold ormus, have been successfully simulated using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. Our analysis shows the convergence of our simulation outcomes and emphasizes the importance of considering truncation error and selecting appropriate step sizes for accurate results. The periodic factor of penetration (PFP) for each superconductor has been determined, with class-I superconducting gold ormus having a PFP of 250 nm, class-II superconducting gold ormus having a PFP of 566.2 nm. The relationship between the PFP and the length of the penetration depth has also been revealed.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the accuracy of the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method in simulating superconductors. By analyzing the PFP for different superconducting materials, we have identified trends in penetration depth that contribute to understanding superconductivity. Our simulations provide valuable insights for further research in the field of superconductivity. Adjusting parameters carefully ensures reliable simulations and advances progress in superconductivity research.
Interleukin-12 modulates sleep–wake activity and improves performance in a memory task
Authors: Esumi Lia Assae , Queiroz Claudio Marcos , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Hipolide Debora Cristina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cytokines, known for their pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, are also key regulators of sleep–wake cycles. Classical pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are associated with increased sleep, particularly slow-wave sleep (SWS), while anti-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-10 (IL-10), generally reduce sleep duration. Given the essential role of sleep in memory consolidation, this study aimed to investigate whether interleukin-12 (IL-12), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, could increase sleep duration following a memory acquisition task and subsequently improve memory performance. Male Swiss mice were surgically implanted with electrodes for electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings to track their sleep–wake cycles. After a recovery period, baseline sleep–wake activity was recorded. The mice were then randomly assigned to two groups and treated with either IL-12 (0.5 µg, i.p.) or a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, i.p.) control, administered immediately before the multiple-trial inhibitory avoidance (MTIA) task, a behavioral test used to assess memory performance. Following the memory acquisition session, sleep–wake activity was immediately recorded for a continuous 24-h period.

Results
Mice treated with IL-12 exhibited longer latency to cross into the dark compartment during the MTIA test, indicating improved memory retention compared to the control group. Interestingly, this improved performance was associated with prolonged wakefulness, particularly in the first three hours after task acquisition.

Conclusion
The study shows that IL-12 can improve memory retention through prolonged wake episodes rather than increased sleep. This finding challenges the conventional understanding that sleep is the primary state for memory consolidation, suggesting that under specific conditions, wakefulness may also play a key role in supporting memory processes. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of IL-12's cognitive effects.