bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible natural coordinates formulation (FNCF) for the efficient simulation of small‐deformation multibody systems
Authors: Vermaut Martijn , Naets Frank , Desmet Wim 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper introduces the novel flexible natural coordinates formulation to model small‐deformation multibody dynamics. The main contribution of this work is its resulting constant mass matrix and quadratic constraint equations devoid of any other nonlinearities. These properties are similar to those of a natural coordinates formulation for rigid multibody systems with the addition of constant damping and stiffness matrices to model the flexibility under the assumption of small deformations. As such, it is a straightforward extension to natural coordinates while maintaining its beneficial properties. The main concept of the current approach is to introduce ample redundancy in the set of generalized coordinates to simplify the kinematics ensuring the aforementioned properties and the similarity to a natural coordinates approach. This is not achievable by standard techniques that introduce redundancy. Not only does this offer a very simple equation structure but also interesting properties toward the development of system‐level model order reduction techniques for flexible multibody systems as well as a straightforward parameter gradient extraction. The formulation accuracy is validated with a floating frame of reference implementation.
Intrinsic Dynamic Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Bonds Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis: Role of the Compliance Force Constants and QTAIM‐DFA Parameters in Stability
Authors: Nishide Taro , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dynamic and static nature of various neutral hydrogen bonds (nHBs) is elucidated with quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM‐DFA). The perturbed structures generated by using the coordinates derived from the compliance force constants (Cij) of internal vibrations are employed for QTAIM‐DFA. The method is called CIV. The dynamic nature of CIV is described as the “intrinsic dynamic nature”, as the coordinates are invariant to the choice of the coordinate system. nHBs are, for example, predicted to be van der Waals (H2Se−✶−HSeH; ✶=bond critical point),t‐HBnc(typical‐HBs with no covalency: HI−✶−HI),t‐HBwc(t‐HBs with covalency: H2C=O−✶−HI), CT‐MC [molecular complex formation through charge transfer (CT): H2C=O−✶−HF], and CT‐TBP (trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through CT: H3N−✶−HI) in nature. The results with CIV were the same as those with POM in the calculation errors, for which the perturbed structures were generated by partial optimization, and the interaction distances in question were fixed suitably in POM. The highly excellent applicability of CIV for QTAIM‐DFA was demonstrated for the various nHBs, as well as for the standard interactions previously reported. The stability of the HBs, evaluated by ΔE, is well correlated withCij(ΔE×Cij=constant value of −165.64), and the QTAIM parameters, although a few deviations were detected.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 decreases bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibits fibroblast collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation
Authors: Koo Hyun Young , El‐Baz Lamis MF , House StaceyL , Cilvik Sarah N , Dorry Samuel J , Shoukry Nahla M , Salem Mohamed L , Hafez Hani S , Dulin Nickolai O , Ornitz David M , Guzy Robert D 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice lacking FGF2 have increased mortality and impaired epithelial recovery after bleomycin exposure, supporting a protective or reparative function following lung injury. To determine whether FGF2 overexpression reduces bleomycin‐induced injury, we developed an inducible genetic system to express FGF2 in type II pneumocytes. Double‐transgenic (DTG) mice with doxycycline‐inducible overexpression of human FGF2 (SPC‐rtTA;TRE‐hFGF2) or single‐transgenic controls were administered intratracheal bleomycin and fed doxycycline chow, starting at either day 0 or day 7. In addition, wild‐type mice received intratracheal or intravenous recombinant FGF2, starting at the time of bleomycin treatment. Compared to controls, doxycycline‐induced DTG mice had decreased pulmonary fibrosis 21 days after bleomycin, as assessed by gene expression and histology. This beneficial effect was seen when FGF2 overexpression was induced at day 0 or day 7 after bleomycin. FGF2 overexpression did not alter epithelial gene expression, bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity or total protein. In vitro studies using primary mouse and human lung fibroblasts showed that FGF2 strongly inhibited baseline and TGFβ1‐induced expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagen, and connective tissue growth factor. While FGF2 did not suppress phosphorylation of Smad2 or Smad‐dependent gene expression, FGF2 inhibited TGFβ1‐induced stress fiber formation and serum response factor‐dependent gene expression. FGF2 inhibition of stress fiber formation and αSMA requires FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and downstream MEK/ERK, but not AKT signaling. In summary, overexpression of FGF2 protects against bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and reverses TGFβ1‐induced collagen and αSMA expression and stress fiber formation in lung fibroblasts in vitro, without affecting either inflammation or epithelial gene expression. Our results suggest that in the lung, FGF2 is antifibrotic in part through decreased collagen expression and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of GSK2838232, a novel 2nd generation HIV maturation inhibitor, as assessed in healthy subjects
Authors: Johnson Mark , Jewell Roxanne C. , Peppercorn Amanda , Gould Elizabeth , Xu Jianfeng , Lou Yu , Davies Matthew , Baldwin Sandra , Tenorio Allan R. , Burke Matthew , Jeffrey Jerry , Johns Brian A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and relative bioavailability of GSK2838232, an investigational HIV maturation inhibitor. GSK2838232 was administered over four dose‐escalation studies in healthy subjects which assessed single oral doses (5‐250 mg) and repeat doses (up to 200 mg once or twice daily) ±100 mg ritonavir (RTV) once daily. GSK2838232 administration (up to 250 mg) to 124 subjects across four studies resulted in few mild adverse events (AEs) with similar frequencies to placebo. There were no clearly identified drug‐related AEs. GSK2838232 tested fasted was quickly absorbed with a tmax of 2‐3 hours. With food, the absorption was delayed and more variable, with ~60% increase in AUC and Cmax. Overall, following single doses GSK2838232 AUC and Cmax generally exhibited proportional PK from 50 to 100 mg dose without RTV and from 50 to 250 mg with RTV and following repeated doses of 20‐200 mg with RTV. In relative bioavailability studies, a micronized formulation was found to be suitable for development. At steady state, RTV increased GSK2838232 AUC and Cmax by 10‐ and 3‐fold, respectively. Half‐life was prolonged from ~17 hours nonboosted to ~34 hours with RTV. This boosting effect was also seen in repeat‐dose GSK2838232 studies, which achieved the targeted plasma exposure with GSK2838232 as a once‐daily regimen of up to 200 mg with RTV. The results of these studies demonstrated a favorable safety and PK profile for GSK2838232 and support its investigation for the treatment of HIV infection.
Evaluation of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for differentiation of Pichia kluyveri strains isolated from traditional fermentation processes
Authors: De la Torre González Francisco Javier , Avendaño Daniel Oswaldo Gutiérrez , Mathis Anne Christine Gschaedler , Kirchmayr Manuel Reinhart 
Published: June 2018

RationaleNon‐Saccharomyces yeasts are widespread microorganisms that nowadays have gained importance for their ability to produce volatile compounds which in alcoholic beverages improve aromatic complexity and therefore the overall quality. Their rapid identification and differentiation in fermentation processes is vital for timely decision making.MethodsA total of 19 strains of Pichia kluyveri isolated from mezcal, tejuino and cacao fermentations were analyzed with rep‐PCR fingerprinting using the primer (GTG)5 and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) on a Microflex LT mass spectrometer using Biotyper 3.1 software (Bruker Daltonics).ResultsThe comparative analysis between MS spectra and rep‐PCR patterns obtained from these strains showed a high similarity between both methods. However, minimal differences between the obtained rep‐PCR and MALDI‐TOF MS clusters could be observed, especially by the presence and/or absence of one or more discriminating peaks even when they have similarities in their main spectra projection, observing that isolates from the same fermentative process were grouped into the same sub‐cluster based on their MALDI‐TOF MS profiles.ConclusionsThe data shown suggests that MALDI‐TOF MS is a promising alternative technique for rapid, reliable and cost‐effective differentiation of native yeast strains isolated from different traditional fermented foods and beverages.
Unusual fragmentation of derivatized cysteine‐containing peptides
Authors: Degraan‐Weber Nick , Zhao Bingqing , Reilly James P. 
Published: June 2018

RationaleModification of cysteines by aminoethylation results in side chains similar to those of lysine. Trypsin cleaves at this modified residue and this labeling method can facilitate the analysis of proteins, specifically antibodies. In this work, the ability to identify peptides containing aminoethylated cysteines is investigated through digestion, covalent labeling, and low‐energy ion fragmentation.MethodsA prototype antibody was reduced, aminoethylated, and digested with either Lys‐N or Glu‐C. The resulting peptides were amidinated with SMTA and analyzed by PSD in a MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometer or by CID in an ESI ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer.ResultsPSD and CID fragmentation of peptides with an amidinated aminoethylated cysteine can produce an intense characteristic loss from this modified residue. A neutral loss of 118 Da or charged loss of 119 Da is observed when peptides have low charges. This fragment can form when the cysteine is located in any position in the peptide. The rationalization for this ion is that the amidino group can be initially neutral or protonated and initiates fragmentation.ConclusionsThe combination of a dual‐labeling technique and low‐energy fragmentation produces an abundant diagnostic ion for the analysis of cysteine‐containing peptides. These 118 and 119 Da losses are observed when protons are sequestered.
Tests of size and growth effects on Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) otolith δ18O and δ13C values
Authors: Burbank J. , Kelly B. , Nilsson J. , Power M. 
Published: June 2018

RationaleOtolith δ18O and δ13C values have been used extensively to reconstruct thermal and diet histories. Researchers have suggested that individual growth rate and size may have an effect on otolith isotope ratios and subsequently confound otolith‐based thermal and diet reconstructions. As few explicit tests of the effect on fish in freshwater environments exist, here we determine experimentally the potential for related growth rate and size effects on otolith δ18O and δ13C values.MethodsFifty Arctic charr were raised in identical conditions for two years after which their otoliths were removed and analyzed for their δ18O and δ13C values. The potential effects of final length and the Thermal Growth Coefficient (TGC) on otolith isotope ratios were tested using correlation and regression analysis to determine if significant effects were present and to quantify effects when present.ResultsThe analyses indicated that TGC and size had significant and similar positive non‐linear relationships with δ13C values and explained 35% and 42% of the variability, respectively. Conversely, both TGC and size were found to have no significant correlation with otolith δ18O values. There was no significant correlation between δ18O and δ13C values.ConclusionsThe investigation indicated the presence of linked growth rate and size effects on otolith δ13C values, the nature of which requires further study. Otolith δ18O values were unaffected by individual growth rate and size, confirming the applicability of these values to thermal reconstructions of fish habitat.
How Well Can Students Evaluate Online Science Information? Contributions of Prior Knowledge, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Offline Reading Ability
Authors: Forzani Elena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigated how well seventh‐grade students (n = 1,434) evaluated the credibility of online information in science. The analysis examined the extent to which evaluation appeared to share aspects of other elements of online research and comprehension, including locating, synthesizing, and communicating. This study also investigated the extent to which prior knowledge, gender, socioeconomic status, and offline reading ability affected students’ evaluation during online reading in science. Results suggest that evaluation is a unique and difficult dimension of online research and comprehension. Results also suggest that girls outperform boys and that students with greater prior knowledge and offline reading ability can better evaluate online information compared with those with less prior knowledge and offline reading ability.
Sustainable development, environmental policy and renewable energy use: A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Fotis Panagiotis , Polemis Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to cast light on the relationship between sustainable development environmental policy and renewable energy use. We utilize a dynamic GMM approach over a panel of 34 European Union (EU) countries spanning the period 2005–2013. Our findings reveal a positive monotonic relationship between development and pollution. Energy saving positively affects environmental degradation, while energy intensity increases air pollution. Our findings have important policy implications for policy makers towards sustainability. Despite the fact that the Europe ‘20–20–20’ climate and energy package strategy seems to be achieved, the recently adopted Energy Roadmap 2050 must be updated on a regular basis in order to be effectively implemented and monitored by government officials and firms' stakeholders. Therefore, we argue that EU countries must increase the use of new technology and renewable energy capacity in order to align environmental policies towards more efficient energy use and sustainable development among the EU periphery.
Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system approach for urban sustainability assessment: A China case study
Authors: Tan Yongtao , Shuai Chenyang , Jiao Liudan , Shen Liyin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUrbanization, especially in developing countries, has led to numerous concerns, such as air pollution, traffic congestion and habitat destruction. Within this context, it is important to evaluate urban development as sustainable, and various sustainability assessment methods have been developed, including fuzzy logic approaches. However, predefined fuzzy rules and simple linear membership functions were used, which are largely based on the knowledge of subject experts. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) approach for urban sustainability assessment. With collected training samples from the Urban China Initiative, and the ANFIS approach was used to rank 185 selected cities in China. The results show that the ANFIS approach is appropriate for assessing urban sustainability, and the nonlinear membership functions fit the training samples better than the linear membership functions. Further discussion indicates that future research on sustainability assessment should be more integrated.
The role of directors representing institutional ownership in sustainable development through corporate social responsibility reporting
Authors: Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo , Chiva‐Ortells Carlos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the effect that directors representing controlling shareholders, specifically institutional investors, have on corporate social responsibility (CSR) given that these investors are the core shareholders in civil law countries, owing to their high presence on boards. Thus, we analyze the effect of institutional directors on CSR disclosure, but also the impact of their classification between pressure‐sensitive and pressure‐resistant institutional directors, depending on if they maintain only an investment relationship with the firm or both an investment and a commercial link, respectively. We hypothesize that these directors may perform opposite roles (monitoring or aligning with managers) regarding CSR disclosure. We show a curvilinear relationship between institutional directors/pressure‐resistant directors and CSR reporting, suggesting the two opposite roles mentioned. However, pressure‐sensitive directors do not affect CSR disclosure. These findings indicate that there is an association between board members and strategic decisions. Moreover, our evidence shows that institutional directors do not act in an identical way. Finally, the enhancement of corporate governance depends on the proportion of institutional and pressure‐resistant directors on boards.
Influence of supplier trust and relationship commitment on green supplier integration
Authors: Wang Gang , Feng Taiwen , Zhao Xuesong , Song Yongtao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the importance of green supplier integration has been recognized, our knowledge on what influences green supplier integration remains limited. Based on transaction cost theory and social exchange theory, this article develops hypotheses regarding the impacts of supplier trust and relationship commitment on green supplier integration, and the moderating effect of monitoring difficulty. We conduct hierarchical regression analyses to test these hypothesized relationships using survey data collected from 187 Chinese firms. The results reveal that supplier trust is positively related to normative commitment and instrumental commitment. Furthermore, normative commitment and instrumental commitment are positively related to green supplier integration, and partially mediate the relationship between supplier trust and green supplier integration. The results also indicate that monitoring difficulty negatively moderates the relationship between supplier trust and instrumental commitment, but does not significantly moderate the relationship between supplier trust and normative commitment. This study contributes to theory and practice by opening the “black box” of the trust–integration link.
Central serotonin modulates neural responses to virtual violent actions in emotion regulation networks
Authors: Wolf Dhana , Klasen Martin , Eisner Patrick , Zepf Florian D. , Zvyagintsev Mikhail , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola , Weber René , Eisert Albrecht , Mathiak Klaus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDisruptions in the cortico-limbic emotion regulation networks have been linked to depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression. Altered transmission of the central nervous serotonin (5-HT) contributes to dysfunctions in the cognitive control of emotions. To date, studies relating to pharmaco-fMRI challenging of the 5-HT system have focused on emotion processing for facial expressions. We investigated effects of a single-dose selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (escitalopram) on emotion regulation during virtual violence. For this purpose, 38 male participants played a violent video game during fMRI scanning. The SSRI reduced neural responses to violent actions in right-hemispheric inferior frontal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex encompassing the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but not to non-violent actions. Within the ACC, the drug effect differentiated areas with high inhibitory 5-HT1A receptor density (subgenual s25) from those with a lower density (pregenual p32, p24). This finding links functional responses during virtual violent actions with 5-HT neurotransmission in emotion regulation networks, underpinning the ecological validity of the 5-HT model in aggressive behavior. Available 5-HT receptor density data suggest that this SSRI effect is only observable when inhibitory and excitatory 5-HT receptors are balanced. The observed early functional changes may impact patient groups receiving SSRI treatment.
Effect of Zn Concentration on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si-Zn Alloys Processed by Gravity Die Casting
Authors: Li Longfei , Ji Shouxun , Zhu Qiang , Wang Yun , Dong Xixi , Yang Wenchao , Midson Stephen , Kang Yonglin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-8.1Mg-2.6Si-(0.08 to 4.62)Zn alloys (in wt pct) have been investigated by the permanent mold casting process. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that theτ-Mg32(Al, Zn)49phase forms when the Zn content is 1.01 wt pct. With higher Zn contents of 2.37 and 3.59 wt pct, theη-MgZn2andτ-Mg32(Al, Zn)49phases precipitate in the microstructure, and theη-MgZn2phase forms when the Zn content is 4.62 wt pct. Metallurgical analysis shows that theη-MgZn2andτ-Mg32(Al, Zn)49phases strengthen the Al-8.1Mg-2.6Si-(0.08 to 4.62)Zn alloys. After solutionizing at 510 °C for 180 minutes and aging at 180 °C for 90 minutes, theη′-MgZn2phase precipitates in theα-Al matrix, which significantly enhances the mechanical properties. Addition of 3.59 wt pct Zn to the Al-8.1Mg-2.6Si alloy with heat treatment increases the yield strength from 96 to 280 MPa, increases the ultimate tensile strength from 267 to 310 MPa, and decreases the elongation from 9.97 to 1.74 pct.
AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF STUDENT LEARNING
Authors: BARKLEY ANDREW , COFFEY BRIAN K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe develop a dynamic economic model based on contemporary understanding of learning and motivation. The model and resulting comparative static analysis show the instructor's role in providing a productive learning environment. Instructors should set the complexity of course assignments and assessments to be consistent with student preparedness. Learning is enhanced when the rate of change in challenge is based on the rate of change of how rapidly students are learning. Instructors steer students toward a productive trajectory with tasks that cause students to work hard and by consistently providing feedback and fostering a culture of learning.