bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness and water-leaving radiance from multispectral measurements in coastal waters
Authors: Shi Chong , Nakajima Teruyuki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Retrieval of aerosol optical properties and water-leaving radiance over ocean is challenging since the latter mostly accounts for  ∼  10 % of the satellite-observed signal and can be easily influenced by the atmospheric scattering. Such an effort would be more difficult in turbid coastal waters due to the existence of optically complex oceanic substances or high aerosol loading. In an effort to solve such problems, we present an optimization approach for the simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) from multispectral satellite measurements. In this algorithm, a coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model combined with a comprehensive bio-optical oceanic module is used to jointly simulate the satellite-observed reflectance at the top of atmosphere and water-leaving radiance just above the ocean surface. Then, an optimal estimation method is adopted to retrieve AOT and nLw iteratively. The algorithm is validated using Aerosol Robotic Network – Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) products selected from eight OC sites distributed over different waters, consisting of observations that covered glint and non-glint conditions from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Results show a good consistency between retrieved and in situ measurements at each site. It is demonstrated that more accurate AOTs are determined based on the simultaneous retrieval method, particularly in shorter wavelengths and sunglint conditions, where the averaged percentage difference (APD) of retrieved AOT is generally reduced by approximate 10 % in visible bands compared with those derived from the standard atmospheric correction (AC) scheme, since all the spectral measurements can be used jointly to increase the information content in the inversion of AOT, and the wind speed is also simultaneously retrieved to compensate the specular reflectance error estimated from the rough ocean surface model. For the retrieval of nLw, atmospheric overcorrection can be avoided in order to have a significant improvement of the inversion of nLw at 412 nm. Furthermore, generally better estimates of band ratios of nLw(443) / nLw(554) and nLw(488) / nLw(554) are obtained using the simultaneous retrieval approach with lower root mean square errors and relative differences than those derived from the standard AC approach in comparison to the AERONET-OC products, as well as the APD values of retrieved Chl which decreased by about 5 %. On the other hand, the standard AC scheme yields a more accurate retrieval of nLw at 488 nm, prompting a further optimization of the oceanic bio-optical module of the current model.
A chironomid-based record of temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China and its possible societal implications
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Chen Jianhui , Zhang Shengda , Zhang David D. , Wang Zongli , Xu Qinghai , Chen Shengqian , Wang Shijin , Kang Shichang , Chen Fahu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Long-term, high-resolution temperature records which combine an unambiguous proxy and precise dating are rare in China. In addition, the societal implications of past temperature change on a regional scale have not been sufficiently assessed. Here, based on the modern relationship between chironomids and temperature, we use fossil chironomid assemblages in a precisely dated sediment core from Gonghai Lake to explore temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China. Subsequently, we address the possible regional societal implications of temperature change through a statistical analysis of the occurrence of wars. Our results show the following. (1) The mean annual temperature (TANN) was relatively high during 4000–2700 cal yr BP, decreased gradually during 2700–1270 cal yr BP and then fluctuated during the last 1270 years. (2) A cold event in the Period of Disunity, the Sui-Tang Warm Period (STWP), the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) can all be recognized in the paleotemperature record, as well as in many other temperature reconstructions in China. This suggests that our chironomid-inferred temperature record for the Gonghai Lake region is representative. (3) Local wars in Shanxi Province, documented in the historical literature during the past 2700 years, are statistically significantly correlated with changes in temperature, and the relationship is a good example of the potential societal implications of temperature change on a regional scale.
Influence of composition of feed and lactation period on mineral composition of Mare's
Authors: Fišera Miroslav , Valášek Pavel , Kráčmar Stanislav , Kubáň Vlastimil , Burešová Pavla , Velichová Helena , Fišerová Lenka 
Published: March 2018

Effects of lactation period and feed on essential minerals composition of mare's milk were studied. Average Ca, P, Na and Mg concentrations in feed DM were 0.66, 4.30, 0.13 and 2.21 g.kg-1 of DM (dry matter), respectively. In regard to milk all elements concentrations were not similar to each other due to the changes of the lactation day differences. Average Ca, P, Na and Mg concentrations (in DM) caused by breed differences and lactation days were 1.95, 1.08, 0.53 and 0.22 g.kg-1, respectively. During the milk period, a high-quality feed were maintaining the major mineral composition of mare's milk in 1.5 - 2 times higher amount than milk of mare fed with pasture and a low-quality feed. The colostrum stage of mare was much shorter than other animals, the mare's milk on the 2nd day of lactation showed properties of initial milk in which its composition, particularly in minerals, were two times higher when compare to that on milk periods that was started from 5th day after parturition. It seemed that some factors, except well physiological conditions, such as mare's age, number of foaling, sex of foal etc. did not affect milk nutrient composition.
Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in different types of garlic
Authors: Škrovánková Soňa , Mlček Jiří­ , Snopek Lukáš , Planetová Tereza 
Published: March 2018

Garlic contains important biologically active compounds such as phytoncides, antioxidants and others. There belong organosulfur compounds, allyl thiosulfinates and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids), vitamins (E and C) and some minerals, that all have several positive effects on human health. In the work five types of raw garlic (Allium sativum) of Czech, Chinese and Spanish origin, and bear's garlic (Allium ursinum), and two dried garlic products, were evaluated for polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity. The highest values of total polyphenols (TP), analyzed by spectrometric method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, had fresh samples of bear's and Spanish garlic; the lowest ones were evaluated for Czech garlic bulbs (92.2 - 119.6 mg GAE.100g-1 fw) and dry garlic products (70.1 - 84.5 mg GAE.100g-1). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by spectrometric methods with DPPH and ABTS reagents. To types of fresh garlic with the best values of antioxidant capacity, evaluated by both methods, belong bear's and Spanish garlic, followed by Chinese and Czech garlic samples. These values are in agreement with polyphenols content in garlic bulbs. Dry garlic products had the highest values of TAC. Content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity values were positively correlated, higher correlation value was detected for TP and TAC-ABTS (0.973) than for TP and TAC-DPPH (0.873). Bear's garlic and garlic belong to the vegetable types with high amount of biologically active compounds such as antioxidants.
The quality of ketchups from the Czech Republic's market in terms of their physico-chemical properties
Authors: Diviš Pavel , Smilek Jiří­ , Poří­zka Jaromí­r , Štursa Václav 
Published: March 2018

Ketchup is a tomato-based condiment with a tang contributed by vinegar, sugar, salt and spices. Physical and chemical quality requirements for ketchup are regulated in the Czech Republic by Decree No. 157/2003 as amended. The main monitored parameters determining the quality of ketchups are total tomato content, total soluble solids, total organic acids and total salt content. In this work the following parameters were monitored in a total of eight ketchups from the commercial markets in the Czech Republic: pH, total solids, total soluble solids, citric acid content, acetic acid content, lycopene content, fructose, glucose and sucrose content and content of Ca, K, Mg and Na. In addition to chemical analyses, rheological measurements were performed and dynamic viscosity and yield stress were determined. The results obtained were statistically processed and the hypothesis i) whether the sales price of ketchups is related to the quality of ketchups expressed in chemical composition and ii) whether the chemical composition affects the rheological properties of ketchups has been verified. The Pearson correlation matrix showed very good correlation between the total solids and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8464) as well as between the total soluble solids and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8583). Another significant correlation was found between total soluble solids and total saccharides content in ketchup (R = 0.7309) as well as between potassium content and and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8864). The chemical composition of ketchups did not significantly affect the dynamic viscosity of ketchups, however strong correlation between tomato content in ketchup and between yield stresses was found (R = 0.8436). No correlation was found between the ketchup price and chemical composition of ketchup, however cheaper ketchups contained more salt.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DOS MEDICAMENTOS CONTENDO DICLOFENACO DE POTÁSSIO
Authors: Da Silva Fernando Cesar Queiroz , RUFINO Jessica Vertuan , NERY Marlene Maria Fregonezi 
Published: March 2018

Os medicamentos anti-inflamatórios são umas das classes de medicamentos mais comercializadas no Brasil, sendo a subclasse dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE’s) a de maior prevalência. Para que a população possa utiliza-los de maneira segura, é necessário um controle de qualidade adequado. O diclofenaco de potássio pertence ao grupo AINES’s e é utilizado para tratamento em curto prazo de algumas condições agudas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de medicamentos contendo diclofenaco de potássio 50 mg de diferentes indústrias farmacêuticas. As amostras foram analisadas utilizando os parâmetros: peso médio, dureza, friabilidade, teor de princípio ativo, dissolução e uniformidade de dose unitária (UDU) de três especialidades farmacêuticas, sendo: três genéricos (G1, G2 e G3), um similar (S) e um referência (R). Todas as amostras foram aprovadas nos ensaios de friabilidade, apresentando para R, S, G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente 0,05%, 0,04%, 0,02%, 0,03% e 0,11%. No ensaio de teor os valores para as amostras R, S, G1, G2 e G3, foram 104,29% (1,13), 96,12% (0,76), 99,11% (0,59), 98,09% (2,09), 101,96% (0,74). No ensaio de UDU obteve-se os valores de aceitação (VA) de 7,87, 4,27, 3,31, 2,31 e 6,07, respectivamente para R, S, G1, G2 e G3, portanto menor que 15. No teste de dissolução as amostras G1 e G3 não atenderam as especificações.
A cross-sectional analysis of joint status and quality of life in children and adolescents with haemophilia in Romania
Authors: Mihailov Delia , Arghirescu Smaranda , Poenaru Dan , Patrascu Jenel , Ursu Cristina , Diaconu Adriana , Traila Adina , Jinca Cristian , Serban Margit 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Background: Haemophilia is a congenital disorder of coagulation with high economic burden due to its requirement for an expensive, lifelong replacement therapy, with additional costs for the frequent complications and for the severe handicapping consequences. The objective of this cross-sectional study aimed at giving an insight into the health condition of young haemophiliacs in the absence of a regular prophylactic therapy. Methods: It was conducted on a heterogeneous group of 37 children and adolescents (4–24 years of age), with similar on demand therapeutic regimen, coming from the whole country, focusing on the joint status by using the Haemophila Joint Health Score (HJHS) system and on quality of life (QoL) by using the EQ-5D-3L-Y questionnaire. Results: The results revealed an impressive situation: 70.3 % with chronic arthropathy, 19 % with target joints, 69 % with multiple joint involvement, mainly elbow (41 %) and knee (34 %), joint damage starting in the age group 6–12 years (18.18 % arthropathy vs. 96 % in the age group above 12 years). Joint score (6.67 ± 7.92), gait score (0.75 ± 1.14) and HJHS (7.43 ± 8.78) were highly correlated (r = 0.7, p = 0.001) with the annualised bleeding rate ABR (16.2 ± 12.1). They impacted the QoL in all domains, also expressed by a VAS of 68.39 ± 21.6. Conclusion: We concluded that in the situation of an international consensus that prophylactic replacement can prevent cost-effectively and cost-efficiently the deleterious joint damages, our study is supporting the introduction even of secondary and tertiary prophylaxis in young patients in our country.
L’Association des pêcheurs de l’île et le développement territorial de Lamèque : leadership, mobilisation sociale, autonomisation et gouvernance
Authors: Mulamba George Ohelo , Chouinard Omer , Leclerc André , Beaudin Maurice 
Published: March 2018

Ayant célébré son 70e anniversaire en 2013, l’Association coopérative des pêcheurs de l’île est un bel exemple de prise en charge dans une petite communauté de pêche. Ce texte analyse une dimension du succès de cette expérience collective, ses pratiques de relation inclusive avec les parties prenantes et de gouvernance. En s’appuyant sur une recherche qualitative et l’approche du développement territorial, un modèle d’interprétation est proposé. Ce modèle met en relation quatre concepts : le leadership, la mobilisation sociale, l’autonomisation et la gouvernance.
Représentations et idéologies linguistiques en milieu scolaire minoritaire : réflexions des élèves du cours Parler acadien sur la variation linguistique
Authors: Landry Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

De manière à éviter la stigmatisation des pratiques langagières non conformes au modèle linguistique scolaire et à réduire l’insécurité linguistique des élèves, le cours Parler acadien a été mis sur pied, en 2008, au sein d’une école du sud-est néobrunswickois dans le but d’aborder le phénomène de la variation linguistique. Dans le cadre de ce cours, dans lequel une observation participante a été effectuée de février à juin 2012, j’ai pu relever certaines représentations linguistiques afférentes au français standard, à l’anglais et au chiac et cet article a pour but d’en présenter les principales1.
Au moyen de l’analyse critique de discours, je mettrai en exergue certaines idéologies linguistiques et la façon dont ces langues semblent être instrumentalisées. Les résultats de recherche montrent que les valeurs attribuées au vernaculaire restent toujours représentées comme étant moins « prestigieuses » que les valeurs qui fondent la légitimité de la langue dominante.
Significance of Preoperative Systemic Inflammation Score in Short‐Term and Long‐Term Outcomes of Patients with Pathological T2–4 Gastric Cancer After Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Sato Bin , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Iwata Naoki , Hattori Norifumi , Suenaga Masaya , Hayashi Masamichi , Yamada Suguru , Murotani Kenta , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for patients with gastric cancer (GC). Development of a simple, high‐performance, integrated scoring system is needed to provide appropriate management. This study aimed to evaluate predictive values of the systemic inflammation score (SIS) for short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for GC.MethodsA total of 187 patients who underwent gastrectomy for pT2–4 GC without preoperative treatment were analyzed. SIS was formulated based on serum albumin level and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio, and graded into SIS 0, 1, and 2.ResultsPreoperative SIS was significantly associated with incidence of postoperative complications, showing a stepwise increased incidence in proportion to SIS in the entire cohort and all subgroups according to operative procedure and disease stage. Overall and disease‐free survival times of patients in SIS 0, 1, and 2 shortened in a stepwise fashion. SIS was linked to prevalence of hematogenous metastasis as initial recurrence site. Survival differences between patients with SIS 2 and the others were particularly large in patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The continuation rate of adjuvant S‐1 was lower in the SIS 2 group.ConclusionSIS represents a simple predictor for incidence of postoperative complications and survival in patients with pT2–4 GC.
Validation of the FLIGHTLAB virtual engineering toolset
Authors: Du Val R. W. , He C. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAs simulation has become an integral part of the overall life-cycle support of aircraft, the need for effective Virtual Engineering (VE) tools to support these activities has increased. FLIGHTLAB is a state-of-the-art, aircraft modelling and simulation software tool, that has been designed to address this need and is widely used in rotorcraft design, analysis, test and evaluation, and full-flight simulation applications. This VE tool supports the development and analysis of both fixed and rotary wing aircraft with an extensive library of modelling components which have been successfully used and validated in numerous, real-world applications. These components provide comprehensive modelling of aerodynamic, structural, control and propulsion disciplines. Analyses include performance, dynamic response, stability and control, airloads, and structural loads. Graphical User Interfaces and an interactive scripting language provide user-friendly operation. This paper describes the capabilities and validation activities that have been undertaken to support the development of the commercial VE toolset FLIGHTLAB over the last 20 years and discusses future rotorcraft challenges that could be addressed by enhancements to current generation VE tools.
On the two-filter approximations of marginal smoothing distributions in general state-space models
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh , Le Corff Sylvain , Moulines Eric 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA prevalent problem in general state-space models is the approximation of the smoothing distribution of a state conditional on the observations from the past, the present, and the future. The aim of this paper is to provide a rigorous analysis of such approximations of smoothed distributions provided by the two-filter algorithms. We extend the results available for the approximation of smoothing distributions to these two-filter approaches which combine a forward filter approximating the filtering distributions with a backward information filter approximating a quantity proportional to the posterior distribution of the state, given future observations.
Uniform convergence of conditional distributions for absorbed one-dimensional diffusions
Authors: Champagnat Nicolas , Villemonais Denis 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In this paper we study the quasi-stationary behavior of absorbed one-dimensional diffusions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential convergence to a unique quasi-stationary distribution in total variation, uniformly with respect to the initial distribution. An important tool is provided by one-dimensional strict local martingale diffusions coming down from infinity. We prove, under mild assumptions, that their expectation at any positive time is uniformly bounded with respect to the initial position. We provide several examples and extensions, including the sticky Brownian motion and some one-dimensional processes with jumps.
Apneic oxygenation provides incremental benefit during intubation of patients in the emergency medicine and critical care settings
Authors: Ting Daniel K. , Lang Eddy S. 
Published: March 2018

Clinical questionShould I use apneic oxygenation when intubating patients in the emergency department to increase peri-intubation oxygen saturation and first-pass success?Article chosenOliveira JE, Silva L, Cabrera D, Barrionuevo P, et al. Effectiveness of apneic oxygenation during intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2017;70(4):483-94.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to synthesize and appraise the apneic oxygenation literature for its effect on peri-intubation outcomes.
Pulsars Probe the Low-Frequency Gravitational Sky: Pulsar Timing Arrays Basics and Recent Results
Authors: Tiburzi Caterina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPulsar Timing Array experiments exploit the clock-like behaviour of an array of millisecond pulsars, with the goal of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. Pulsar Timing Array experiments have been in operation over the last decade, led by groups in Europe, Australia, and North America. These experiments use the most sensitive radio telescopes in the world, extremely precise pulsar timing models and sophisticated detection algorithms to increase the sensitivity of Pulsar Timing Arrays. No detection of gravitational waves has been made to date with this technique, but Pulsar Timing Array upper limits already contributed to rule out some models of galaxy formation. Moreover, a new generation of radio telescopes, such as the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope and, in particular, the Square Kilometre Array, will offer a significant improvement to the Pulsar Timing Array sensitivity. In this article, we review the basic concepts of Pulsar Timing Array experiments, and discuss the latest results from the established Pulsar Timing Array collaborations.
Historical precedents for the DSM-III bereavement exclusion criteria for major depression
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundI review the historical antecedents of the two key features of the bereavement exclusion (BE) for major depression (MD) criteria initially proposed in DSM-III: (i) acontext-dependentapproach to the evaluation of MD which required that the diagnosis be given only when course, symptoms and signs are ‘out of proportion’ to experienced adversities, and (ii) bereavement is the sole adversity for which this context-dependent approach should be utilized.MethodsA review of 49 textbook and review articles on depression or melancholia published 1880–1960.ResultsSeventeen (35%) of the 49 texts advocated for a context-dependent approach to the diagnosis of MD. Most advocates relied on an intuitive clinical understanding of when the depressive features werev.were not commensurate with the experienced adversities. Several authors suggested that specific symptoms or course of illness could differentiate MD from ‘normative’ sadness. Others noted that patient reports of psychological causes of their depression should be treated skeptically. While death of loved ones was the most frequently noted specific adversity associated with MD, no author considered it qualitatively different from other stressors or suggested that it alone should be considered when diagnosing MD in a context-dependent manner.ConclusionsA key underlying assumption of the BE criteria – a context-dependent approach to the diagnosis of MD– was advocated by a significant minority of earlier psychiatric diagnosticians, although problems in its clinical implementation were sometimes noted. No historical precedent was found for the application of the context-dependent approach only to bereavement, as proposed in DSM-III.