bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic glucose‐enhanced MRI of gliomas: A preliminary clinical application
Authors: Mo Jianhua , Xu Xiang , Ma Andong , Lu Mingjun , Wang Xianlong , Rui Qihong , Zhu Jianbin , Wen Haitao , Lin Genyun , Knutsson Linda , van Zijl Peter , Wen Zhibo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the feasibility of dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) MRI technology in the clinical application of glioma. Twenty patients with glioma were examined using a preoperative DGE‐MRI protocol before clinical intervention. A brief hyperglycemic state was achieved by injecting 50 mL of 50% w/w D‐glucose intravenously during the DGE imaging. The total acquisition time for the DGE was 15 min. Area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) images were calculated using the DGE images. AUC2–7min values of the glioma core, margin area, edema area, and contralateral brain parenchyma were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests. Overall, gray and white matter areas in the AUC images showed relatively low DGE signal change and bilateral symmetry. However, the tumor cores displayed a significant hyperintensity. A high DGE signal change was also seen in the necrotic, cystic, and cerebrospinal areas. These results show that DGE MRI is a feasible technique for the study of brain tumors as part of a clinical exam. Importantly, DGE MRI showed enhancement in areas confirmed histopathologically as tumors, whereas Gd T1w MRI did not show any enhancement in this area. Since the D‐glucose molecule is smaller than Gd‐based contrast agents, DGE MRI may be more sensitive to subtle blood–brain barrier disruptions, thus potentially providing early information about possible malignancy. These findings provide a new perspective for the further exploration and analysis of D‐glucose uptake in brain tumors.
Numerical analysis of the stress‐based formulation of linear elasticity
Authors: Sky Adam , Zilian Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Beltrami–Michell equations of linear elasticity differ from the Navier–Cauchy equations, in that the primary field in former equations is the stress tensor rather than the displacement vector. Consequently, the equations can be used for circumstances where the displacement field is not of interest, for example in design, or when increased smoothness of the solution of the stress tensor is desired. In this work, we explore the stress‐based Beltrami–Michell equations for isotropic linear elastic materials. We introduce the equations in modern tensor notation and investigate their limitations. Further, we demonstrate how to symmetrise and stabilise their weak formulation, complemented by existence and uniqueness proofs. With latter at hand, we construct a conforming finite element discretisation of the equations, avoiding the need for intermediate stress functions. Finally, we present some numerical examples.
Numerical simulation of individualized flow diversion cerebral aneurysms treatment
Authors: Do Huy Quang , Makvandi Resam , Ding Andreas , Juhre Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlow diverter implantation has emerged as a highly effective treatment for cerebral aneurysms. However, the variability in patient‐specific vascular anatomy necessitates detailed pre‐operative planning to mitigate potential complications arising from standard, one‐size‐fits‐all devices. To address these challenges, robust predictive simulation tools are essential for optimizing flow diverter design and implantation strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient's anatomy. This study focuses on developing an advanced numerical simulation tool for modeling the mechanical behavior of braided flow diverters during crimping and navigation through patient‐specific vasculature. Using isogeometric analysis (IGA) with NURBS‐based representations in LS‐Dyna, the intricate deformations of the flow diverter wires during catheter crimping are captured with high accuracy. The patient‐specific vessel geometries, derived from imaging data, are integrated into the model to account for variations in vascular structure, ensuring precise alignment and controlled navigation of the device. The navigation process relies on optimizing the central axis of the blood vessel to minimize torsional stress on the flow diverter, reducing the risk of device malfunction or failure during deployment. By incorporating patient‐specific information, such as vessel curvature and tortuosity, the simulation tool enables the prediction of potential issues, thus allowing for intervention planning that is tailored to individual anatomy. This patient‐specific approach enhances the safety and efficacy of flow diverter implantation and serves as a foundation for improved device design prior to prototype development.
Biotoxicity Evaluation of Biodegradable Polymeric Particles: Exploring the Possible Adverse Impacts on Biological Systems
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Lee Eunsol , Kim Jiseung , Shin Giyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Park Sung Bae , Park Jeyoung , Lee Eun Seong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the impact of plastic particles on cell viability and tissue toxicity. The cells were subjected to incubation with plastic particles immobilized in agar gels, resulting in minimal cell death and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, direct exposure of various cell types to suspended plastic particles showed negligible effects on cell viability, with no observed lysis or growth inhibition. Staining techniques revealed minimal plastic particle‐induced cell death, with the majority of cells remaining viable. However, histological evaluations of mouse tissues demonstrated that the nondegradable low‐density poly(ethylene) (LDPE) groups exhibited severe irritation, characterized by an excessive presence of macrophages, neutrophils, fibrosis, fat infiltration, and increased blood vessel formation in subcutaneous tissue. In contrast, biodegradable neat poly(butylene succinate) (KRICT‐PBS) and cellulose nanocrystals/PBS nanocomposite (CNC‐PBS) groups induced minimal toxicity. Interestingly, the intravenous injection of KRICT‐PBS and CNC‐PBS degradate solutions in mice exhibited mild toxicity, suggesting no significant damage to normal kidney and liver function.
Outcomes of patients with intermediate‐risk neuroblastoma presenting with motor deficits relating to intraspinal tumor extension: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study ANBL0531
Authors: Voeller Julie , Katzenstein Howard M. , Naranjo Arlene , Tenney Sheena C. , Chen Lulu , London Wendy B. , Handler Michael H. , Schmidt Mary Lou , Shimada Hiroyuki , Hogarty Michael D. , Gastier‐Foster Julie , Park Julie R. , Cohn Susan L. , Maris John M. , Bagatell Rochelle , Twist Clare J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTumor invasion of the spinal canal is detected radiographically in approximately 15% of patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma (NB). The optimal clinical approach to maintain excellent survival outcomes while minimizing long‐term sequelae is yet to be defined.MethodsPatients with intermediate‐risk neuroblastoma (IR‐NB) and radiographically identified intraspinal tumors who were treated on the Children's Oncology Group study ANBL0531 were studied prospectively to evaluate neurologic outcomes related to cord compression. Patients were defined as being symptomatic versus asymptomatic based on reporting of neurologic motor deficits at diagnosis. Patient characteristics, tumor biology, chemotherapy treatment, surgical interventions, and neurologic and disease outcomes are reported.ResultsOf the 92 patients with intraspinal tumors, 42 (46%) were symptomatic and most (73%) had complete resolution of symptoms. Age, degree of motor deficit, and duration of symptoms at diagnosis were not associated with complete resolution. While symptomatic patients were more likely to undergo upfront laminectomy, laminectomy was not associated with improvement of motor symptoms. Administration of additional chemotherapy beyond initial treatment assigned per protocol to achieve the treatment end point was not associated with achieving symptom resolution.ConclusionPatients presenting with motor deficits due to intraspinal tumor had excellent survival and favorable neurologic outcomes, with the majority reporting complete resolution of motor symptoms regardless of severity and duration of symptoms at diagnosis or neurosurgical intervention. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of first‐line chemotherapy treatment remain priority, while neurosurgical intervention should be reserved for patients with rapid neurologic deterioration. Biology‐based therapy and tumor response should continue to be used to maintain favorable outcomes.
Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis‐Associated Hydrocephalus: The Memorial Sloan Kettering Experience from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Rodriguez Scarlett , DeIeso‐Frechette Francesca , Umeasor Chidobe , Alli Christianah , Azzi Caline , Haque Sofia , Pugh John A , Meeker Nathan , Khakoo Yasmin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe report two neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) patients who required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and subsequently developed intraperitoneal melanoma. These patients with NCM are at an increased risk for developing NRAS‐associated melanomas in the central nervous system, which in turn may lead to symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Due to the rarity of NCM, current knowledge on disease progression and appropriate management is limited. Ongoing studies aiming to better understand this condition and inform its clinical management may help to identify risk factors for developing more severe complications.
A two‐scale numerical analysis of intra‐yarn hybrid natural/synthetic woven composites
Authors: Yang Nenglong , Zou Zhenmin , Soutis Constantinos , Potluri Prasad , Katnam Kali Babu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how combining natural and synthetic fibers within yarns, altering the degree of hybridisation, and varying weave architectures affect the homogenized elastic properties and stress distributions in 2D woven composite laminae using a two‐scale homogenization scheme. The novelty lies in integrating a micro‐scale representative volume element model with a meso‐scale repeating unit cell model to capture intra‐yarn natural/synthetic fiber hybridisation. The study focuses on 2/2 twill and 5‐harness satin woven laminae with flax/E‐glass, hemp/E‐glass and basalt/E‐glass hybrid yarns, all with a total fiber volume fraction of 0.6. Fiber distributions are created through a random sequential expansion algorithm for hybrid RVEs, while periodic meso‐structures are used to define weave architectures for RUCs. Results show that yarn‐level fiber hybridisation significantly influences matrix stress distributions, with variations of up to 22%. In contrast, weave architecture has a minimal effect, with variations in homogenized properties below 2%. Varying fiber types, degrees of hybridisation and weave architectures allow for the tailoring of yarn and lamina properties and altering the stress distributions at micro‐ and meso‐scales and potentially influencing damage mechanisms. The modeling approach for analyzing the mechanical behavior of intra‐yarn hybrid natural/synthetic woven laminae could potentially be used to tailor their tolerance to damage.Highlights
Two‐scale homogenization integrates RVE and RUC for 2D woven hybrid composites.
Analyzed flax/E‐glass, hemp/E‐glass, basalt/E‐glass in twill and satin weaves.
Intra‐yarn hybridisation significantly affects properties and stress fields.
Hybridizing fibers offers tailored properties and may improve damage tolerance.
Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Principled Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pharmacoepidemiology and Healthcare Research
Authors: Rough Kathryn , Rashidi Emaan S. , Tai Caroline G. , Lucia Rachel M. , Mack Christina D. , Largent Joan A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are important tools across many fields of health and medical research. Pharmacoepidemiologists can bring essential methodological rigor and study design expertise to the design and use of these technologies within healthcare settings. AI/ML‐based tools also play a role in pharmacoepidemiology research, as we may apply them to answer our own research questions, take responsibility for evaluating medical devices with AI/ML components, or participate in interdisciplinary research to create new AI/ML algorithms. While epidemiologic expertise is essential to deploying AI/ML responsibly and ethically, the rapid advancement of these technologies in the past decade has resulted in a knowledge gap for many in the field. This article provides a brief overview of core AI/ML concepts, followed by a discussion of potential applications of AI/ML in pharmacoepidemiology research, and closes with a review of important concepts across application areas, including interpretability and fairness. This review is intended to provide an accessible, practical overview of AI/ML for pharmacoepidemiology research, with references to further, more detailed resources on fundamental topics.
Investigation of amyl acetate sorption impact on high‐density polyethylene bottle properties
Authors: Elkori Rabiaa , Lamarti Amal , El Had Khalid , Hachim Abdelilah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermoplastics based on polyolefins, including polypropylene, high‐density polyethylene and low‐density polyethylene, are extensively utilized across various packaging sectors. The selection of these materials for specific applications is influenced by multiple factors, such as the polymer's absorption characteristics and the impact on its mechanical properties when in contact with the packaged product. This study presents an experimental methodology designed to simulate the effects of absorption on the macroscopic and microscopic properties of high‐density polyethylene bottles in contact with amyl acetate. Macroscopic degradation was evaluated by modeling mechanical damage using unified theory and the energy method. Analytical techniques such as gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were employed. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for suppliers and industries to experimentally determine the usability and safety intervals of plastic packaging through comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic analyses within relatively short timescales. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Controllable Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Carbon Quantum Dots Synthesised by Plasma Electrochemical Method
Authors: Ma Yupengxue , Wang Ruoyu , Qin Xiaoru , Zhang Qing , Zhong Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCarbon quantum dots were synthesised in an environmentally friendly and efficient way using the plasma electrochemical method with folic acid as a precursor. By taking online measurements of the 90‐min synthesis process, we observed that the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) varied with the reaction time. The optimisation of reaction time and other experimental parameters can effectively improve the QY of carbon quantum dots. The results demonstrate that an increase in nitrogen doping leads to an increase in QY. In this paper, the QY of carbon quantum dots was increased from 0.64% to 13.72% by optimising the experimental parameters, which provides an effective way to increase the QY of carbon quantum dots synthesised by the plasma electrochemical method or other methods.
Selection for agronomic traits in intermediate wheatgrass increases responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: McKenna Thomas P. , Koziol Liz , Crain Jared , Crews Timothy E. , Sikes Benjamin A. , DeHaan Lee R. , Bever James D. 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementAgricultural practices have had a negative impact on the physical, chemical, and biological components of soil. Perennial cropping systems that facilitate positive soil microbial interactions could not only rebuild soils but also sustain productivity through expected variations in environmental conditions. Here, we show the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil symbionts that can improve host performance and soil health, increased the growth of intermediate wheatgrass, a novel perennial grain crop, in populations that have been increasingly bred for desirable agricultural characteristics. The right pairing of intermediate wheatgrass and a beneficial AM fungal community could lead to more sustainable agroecosystems.Summary
Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a novel perennial grain that can provide many soil health benefits in agroecosystems; however, little is known about how selection for agronomic traits has impacted interactions with soil biota. Here, we assess how the selection for agronomic traits in IWG has impacted its relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi.
First, growth response to AM fungi was compared across five generations of IWG with varying degrees of selection. Second, variation in AM fungal responsiveness was compared among genets of IWG individuals within a more advanced generation. Finally, a meta‐analysis was performed on all published studies exploring AM fungal inocula effects on IWG performance to increase understanding of selection effects.
AM fungal responsiveness increased with selection for agronomic traits, responsiveness varied among genets in the advanced generation, and a majority of genets performed better in the presence of AM fungi. The meta‐analysis supported the findings that AM fungal responsiveness has increased with selection in IWG.
Further studies are needed to realize the combined potential soil health and sustainability benefits of IWG and AM fungi, including assessment of symbiotic benefits beyond biomass production, identification of IWG traits correlated with responsiveness, and characterization of AM fungal community response to IWG.
Encapsulation of Rifampicin in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Microwave‐Assisted Microemulsion Method
Authors: Nguyen Anh T.M. , Ife Alexander F. , Goff Abigail , Russo Diane , Palombo Enzo A. , Shah Rohan M. , Eldridge Daniel S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRifampicin (RF) is a potent antibiotic, but its clinical effectiveness is limited by poor water solubility and stability. To overcome these limitations, RF is encapsulated in solid‐lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using a one‐pot microwave microemulsion method. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize RF‐loaded SLNs, evaluating their physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy. The synthesized SLNs exhibit particle sizes ranging from 150 to 200 nm, with a high encapsulation efficiency of ≈55% and high loading capacity. The particles are imaged by cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy and found to be circular and elongated, with RF homogenously distributed throughout the particles. The RF‐loaded SLNs demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity, as evidenced by disc diffusion assays. The SLNs exhibits a sustained drug release profile, highlighting their potential as an effective drug delivery system for antimicrobial treatment. These findings suggest that SLNs can enhance the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of hydrophobic drugs like RF.
Persistent Airflow Limitation Prediction and Risk Factor Analysis Among Asthmatic Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xiong Shiqiu , Tian Chunyu , Shao Mingjun , Liu Chuanhe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionA minority of asthmatic children develop persistent airflow limitation (PAL), associated with an increased risk of chronic airflow obstruction and poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify risk factors for PAL and develop a prediction model to identify high‐risk asthmatic children.MethodsThis retrospective study included 2072 children (5–16 years) with asthma. After a 2‐year follow‐up, patients were categorized into non‐PAL, reversible PAL (RPAL), and irreversible PAL (IPAL) groups. Logistic regression (LR) was used to identify independent risk factors for RPAL and IPAL. A prediction model based on multivariate LR was developed and validated to identify asthmatic children at high risk of developing PAL. A nomogram was created for visualization.ResultsAmong the 2072 asthmatic patients, 14.72% (n = 305) developed PAL. Asthma exacerbation history (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.03–3.01) and poor adherence (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.26–2.65) were independent risk factors of RPAL. Independent risk factors for IPAL were BMI over 19.0 kg/m2 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.03–3.21) and a history of pneumonia (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.30–4.26). The prediction model incorporated nine variables and showed good discriminatory ability, with AUC values of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76–0.81) for the training set, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.76–0.77) for internal validation, and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81) for temporal validation.ConclusionAsthma exacerbation history and poor adherence were independent risk factors for developing RPAL. BMI over 19.0 kg/m2 and a history of pneumonia were risk factors for IPAL. Our prediction model effectively identified asthmatic children at high risk of developing PAL.
SUSY QED with Lorentz‐Asymmetric Fermionic Matter and a Glance at the Electron's EDM
Authors: Melo João Paulo S. , Silva Wagno Cesar e , Helayël‐Neto José A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis contribution sets out to pursue the investigation of a supersymmetric electrodynamics model with Lorentz‐symmetry violation (LSV) manifested by a space‐time unbalance in the propagation of the fermionic charged matter. Despite violation of Lorentz symmetry, the supersymmetry algebra is kept untouched. A superspace approach is then adopted to build up an ‐supersymmetric Abelian gauge theory in presence of a Lorentz‐violating background supermultiplet that accommodates the space‐time asymmetry parameter of the charged matter. It is described, in this scenario, how the particular Lorentz‐symmetry breaking, brought about by the fermionic matter, affects its (matter) scalar partners and the photon/photino that minimally couple to charged matter. From the (modified) Dirac, Klein–Gordon and Maxwell field equations, the corresponding dispersion relations are worked out to inspect and discuss the physical effects of the LSV Majorana fermion condensates that naturally emerge from the background supermultiplet. Finally, efforts are targeted to investigate the Gordon decomposition of the charged lepton electromagnetic current. This is carried out by iterating the (fermion and scalar) matter field equations, which points to an effective contribution to the electron's electric dipole moment. This result allows us to attain an estimate of the pseudo‐vector condensate of the (LSV) Majorana background fermion.