bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular population phylogeny of the hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia in East Asia inferred from mitochondrial control‐region sequences
Authors: Baba Yoshiyuki , Fujimaki Yuzo , Klaus Siegfried , Butorina Olga , Drovetskii Serguei , Koike Hiroko 
Published: May 2018

A total of 62 mitochondrial haplotypes were detected from 174 samples of hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia from Hokkaido, Primorskii, Sakhalin, Magadan, Siberia and Bohemia using 428 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Haplotype diversity for four populations in Hokkaido was more than 0.8, suggesting that a reasonable population size had been maintained throughout their history. Haplotypes from Hokkaido and haplotypes from Primorskii were clearly separated from other Eurasian continent haplotypes, not only in the phylogenetic tree but also in the network tree. Haplotypes from Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Magadan radiated from the hypothetical root composed of a double cubic network of parallel substitutions. Most of the haplotypes were separated by three substitutions from the root, or within a maximum of five substitutions. Pairwise sequence differences for most Eurasian haplotypes had a bimodal curve consisting of the first peak at 0–1 substitution differences and the second peak at 3–4 substitution differences, whereas those for Hokkaido haplotypes had only a peak at around 4–6 substitution differences. These observations most likely indicate that the populations analysed were differentiated about 40,000 years ago, and have expanded to the present distribution during the climatic optimum over the last 10,000 years.
Nest site characteristics and nest success in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus
Authors: Campbell Steven , Smith Adam , Redpath Stephen , Thirgood Simon 
Published: May 2018

We assessed the influence of habitat characteristics on nest site selection and nest success of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus in three populations on managed moorland in Scotland during 1998–1999. We measured habitat characteristics at the nests of 148 radio‐tagged female grouse and compared them with similar measurements taken at fixed and random points within their home range. Red grouse nested in vegetation that was significantly taller and denser, and with greater canopy cover, than points adjacent to nests or to random points. They nested more in mature heather and less in grass‐dominated vegetation than would be expected by chance. Red grouse nest success was high with 77% initial success rising to a minimum of 80% success once re‐nesting had occurred. Nest success was weakly related to vegetation height in 1998, but no similar relationship was found in 1999. We suggest that the high nest success of red grouse and the relatively small influence of habitat characteristics on the outcome of nesting attempts is due to predator control on managed grouse moors in Scotland.
Food requirements of grey partridgePerdix perdixchicks
Authors: E. Southwood T. Richard , Cross David J. 
Published: May 2018

Experimental investigations showed that during the first 10 days of their life partridgePerdix perdixchicks grew most vigorously on a high protein value diet composed largely of insects. They grew less quickly on rearing crumbs and were unable to survive when fed entirely on seeds. We determined the daily uptake of food and, from carcass analysis, the proportion assimilated. From this information the average daily food requirement in terms of the dry weight of insects was calculated as 0.80 g on day 2 and 1.95 g on day 9. We calculated the number of individual insects of various groups required daily, if feeding was restricted to one group, and the amount of habitat that would need to be searched if insects were taken randomly. Resistance to chilling was shown to be correlated with weight and not with age. Thus shortage of insect food in the first few days of life would extend the period when the chicks are particularly vulnerable to lower temperatures and rain, effects that have also been demonstrated in other studies.
Distribution, morphology and use of arctic fox Alopex lagopus dens in Sweden
Authors: Dalerum Fredrik , Tannerfeldt Magnus , Elmhagen Bodil , Becker Dennis , Angerbjörn Anders 
Published: May 2018

In this article we describe 77 arctic fox Alopex lagopus dens in Vindelfjällen, northern Sweden, with regard to distribution, morphology and fox use. The density of dens in the area was 1/21 km2 and dens were more spaced than random. The dens were situated at a mean altitude (± SD) of 915 m a.s.l. ± 74, were on average 3.5 km ± 1.88 from the nearest tree line, had a mean number of 44 den openings ± 32 and a mean area of 277 m2 ± 237. During the 21‐year study period, 31 dens were used by arctic foxes and 10 by red foxes Vulpes vulpes. Number of den openings, den area, altitude and distance to the nearest tree line explained 36% of arctic fox den use (P < 0.001) and 21 % of red fox use of arctic fox dens during the study period (P = 0.01). Arctic foxes used dens at higher altitude (P = 0.03) and further away from forest than did red foxes (P = 0.03), and tended to breed in dens with more openings (P = 0.08). Arctic foxes used some breeding dens more frequently than others (P = 0.002). Among the breeding dens, both den use and litter size were positively related to den area (den use: P = 0.04; litter size: P < 0.001). Successful arctic fox breeding dens in Sweden thus appear to be characterised by large size and many openings, and they are situated far away from forest at relatively high altitudes.
THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCE, INDEPENDENCE AND WORKLOAD ON AUDIT QUALITY
Authors: Darmawan Didit , Sinambela Ella Anastaysa , Mauliyah Nur Ika 
Published: May 2018

One indicator of quality actions in management and company is the assessment of financial reports through audit actions. In every audit action is always expected to give qualified results based on the conclusions and opinions objectively. The auditor becomes the prominant determinant of how the results of an audit action can be answerable. The competency, independency and workload become a causal variable of an auditor behavior’s perspective on audit quality. The purpose of this study is analyzing and determining the effect of partial and simultaneous competency, independency, and workload on audit quality and knowing which independent variables which have a significant effect on audit quality. The study involved 66 respondents. Then the collected data is analyzed by multiple regression and using SPSS which has been tested by validity, reliability test, and classical assumption test. The results of this study proves that there is a positive and significant influence partially and simutaneously from a competency variable, independency and workload on audit quality. The independency becomes a dominant variable which influence audit quality. Keywords: audit quality; competency; independency; workload. Received: 10 August, 2017; Accepter: 10 September, 2017
STUDENTS’ STRUCTURAL AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING FROM INDONESIAN INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Ulum Bahrul 
Published: May 2018

This study is aimed at evaluating the lexical, grammatical and cultural problems faced by students of translation subjects in translating from Indonesian into English. The subjects of this study were students with low average ability. The findings show that students have problems in translating lexical, grammatical and cultural items. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the problems are caused by low mastery of lexis, grammar and culture. It is recommended that the lecturers of translations give attention to these three aspects. Keywords: Translation, lexis, grammar, culture. Received: 10 June, 2016; Accepted: 8 September, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN (KTSP) IN THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH; A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 1 NGUNUT, 2013/2014 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Azimah Anis 
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study is to describe the teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Penddikan (KTSP) in SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut and also the implementation of Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) in the Teaching of English in the classroom for the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut 2013/2014 academic year, including its material, teaching learning activity and the evaluation. Further more, it is also intended to know more about the strengths and the weaknesses of the implementation of Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). In this research, the writer uses a qualitative research. To describe the students’ and teachers’ perception towards the implementation of Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) in the class, the researcher uses descriptive method. The technique of collecting the data in this research is unobtrusive observation, in-depth interviewing, and document analysis. The writer uses guided-interview to support the data. In analyzing the data, the writer uses interactive analysis method by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. After doing observation and interview, the writer can conclude that the teachers have good perception towards the implementation of KTSP in the school and play their role as teachers in the classroom well. The implementation of Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) in the teaching of English at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut is well conducted. The teaching-learning activity in the classroom runs well because the teachers always try to encourage the students in teaching-learning process. The material given to the students in teaching-learning activity is appropriate to the KTSP’s standard material. Key words: Implementation, Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), Received: 23 June, 2016; Accepted: 8 September, 2016
DESIGN INFORMATION SYSTEM OF EMPLOYEES TARGET WITH NEURAL NETWORK BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Sifaunajah Agus , Adi Kusworo , . Faikhin 
Published: May 2018

Assessment of the performance of civil servants (PNS) is still considered less objective and subjective tended to by some, so we need a solution to improve the objectivity of assessment. The target of employee work (SKP) is one solution to improve objectivity in the assessment of civil servants. Backpropagation is one of the methods in neural networks which is implemented in the information systems of SKP for used classification of data performance. Observation and literature became the method of data collection in this study. Web-based information systems of skp are facilitated for employees in the preparation of assessments. Backpropagation can be implemented to perform data classification of performance. Keyword: Neural network; Backpropagation, Classification, SKP Received: 2 February, 2017; Accepter: 15 March, 2017
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PEMASARAN INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA RAFLESIA DI DESA SUMBER AGUNG KECAMATAN ARMA JAYA KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Lestari Dwi , Sukiyono Ketut , Badrudin Redy 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research are (1) to determine the priority of the product should be developed and used as priority by Raflesia’s home industry and (2) to determine the priority of marketing strategy appropriate and effective in the development of marketing home industry Raflesia for main products. The alternative have been used in selected the main products home industry Raflesia are Nila Crispy, Instan Jahe and Terong Crispy. Meanwhile the alternative have been used in selected development marketing strategy for the main products home industry Raflesia are 4P (product, price, distribution and promotion). To find the priority main products and marketing development strategy for the main product home industry Raflesia used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based on the research, showed that the priority alternative products in a selected the main products home industry Raflesia are Instan Jahe, Nila Crispy and Terong Crispy with the weight 0.43, 0.35, 0.22 respectively. Furthermore, the priority alternative strategy in the selected of marketing development strategy for instant Jahe product of home industry Raflesia are strategy of promotion, product, distribution and price with the weight 0.32, 0.28, 0.23, 0.17 respectively. Keywords: Main products, marketing development strategic, AHP
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN EFISIENSI USAHA PEMBESARAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) DI DESA MEKAR MULYA KECAMATAN PENARIK KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO
Authors: Irwandi . , Badrudin Redy , Suryanty Melly 
Published: May 2018

This research aims to understand the Income and the Efficiency of tilapia farming ( Oreochromis niloticus ) in Desa Mekar Mulya Kecamatan Penarik Kabupaten Mukomuko. Respondents in this research is determinated by using the method the census. Respondents taken is 24 farmers enlargement tilapia. The collection of data used data on primary and secondary data. The analysis method uses profitability and R / C ratio. The result showed large operating income enlargement tilapia in the village of Mekar Mulya Subdistrict Penarik District Mukomuko get the average income received by farmers tilapia as much as Rp.9.652.038,62 per season stocking or Rp.48.535,38 per square meters. Eatimated R / C ratio is 1,25 meaning that the actual enlargement of the tilapia of in the village of Mekar Mulya Subdistrict Penarik District Mukomuko is Profitable and efficient. Keywords: tilapia, provitability, efficiency
STUDI KESESUAIAN PANTAI LAGUNA DESA MERPAS KECAMATAN NASAL KABUPATEN KAUR SEBAGAI DAERAH PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DAN KONSERVASI
Authors: Hazeri Gesten , Hartono Dede , Cahyadinata Indra 
Published: May 2018

Pariwisata adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan wisata, termasuk pengusahaan objek dan daya tarik wisata serta usaha-usaha yang terkait dibidang tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian pantai laguna untuk aktivitas pariwisata bahari yang meliputi : Wisata bahari, Wisata pantai, dan Kawasan konservasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi langsung dengan melakukan pengamatan (pengukuran) langsung dilapangan, terdiri dari 3 stasiun pengamatan dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Hasil penelitian kecerahan pada Pantai Laguna adalah 100%, tutupan karang hidup Pantai Laguna yaitu sebesar 31,66% dengan kodisi sedang, jenis karang 129 jenis yang termasuk kedalam 37 marga dan 15 suku, ikan karang 113 spesies yang masuk dalam 27 suku, kecepatan arus rata-rata perairan Pantai Laguna adalah 0,053 m/dtk, kedalaman perairan pantai Laguna relative dangkal yaitu rata-rata 0,87 m, Material dasar perairan adalah karang berpasir, tipe pantai adalah berpasir sedikit karang, penutupan lahan Pantai Laguna adalah belukar tinggi, jarak ketersediaan air tawar di Pantai Laguna adalah 60 meter, kemiringan Pantai Laguna dengan kemiringan 13,9 0 (landai), jarak Pantai Laguna 300 meter dari jalan lintas utama, jenis tanah Pantai Laguna adalah endapan pasir dan lumpur (aluvial pantai), ketinggian Pantai Laguna 1,05 m atau 105 cm dari bibir pantai dan sisi pantai tertinggi, drainase Pantai Laguna tidak tergenang, vegetasi Pantai Laguna non mangrove. Pantai Laguna memiliki indeks kesesuaian sebagai wisata bahari pada kategori S1 : Bagus (Sangat Sesuai) dengan nilai indeks 77%, indeks kesesuaian sebagai wisata pantai pada kategori S1 : Bagus (Sangat Sesuai) dengan nilai indeks 82,7%, indeks kesesuaian sebagai kawasan konservasi pada kategori S1 : Bagus (Sangat Sesuai) dengan nilai indeks 86,2%.
KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK KARANG LUNAK Sarcophyton trocheliophorum PADA POPULASI LAUT JAWA. NUSA TENGGARA DAN SULAWESI
Authors: Kusuma Aradea Bujana , Bengen Dietrich Geoffrey , Madduppa Hawis , Subhan Beginer , Arafat Dondy 
Published: May 2018

Genetik menjadi kunci konservasi karena berperan penting dalam mempertahankan dan memulihkan populasi dari kerusakan. Kerusakan pada ekosistem terumbu karang dapat menjadi pemicu kepunahan organisme laut. Salah satu organisme yang tidak terhindar dari kerusakan tersebut ialah Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Kerusakan tersebut dapat menyebabkan menurunnya keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keanekaragaman genetik dari S. trocheliophorum yang terdapat pada tiga populasi di Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara serta mendeskripsikan implikasinya terhadap kawasan konservasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penanda genetik ND2 untuk menganalisis struktur populasi, konektivitas, dan keragaman genetik. Keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum pada Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara masing-masing 0.600, 0.815, dan 0.972. Keragaman genetik pada populasi Perairan Jawa lebih kecil dibandingkan pada Populasi Perairan Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena banyaknya aktivitas manusia pada pesisir utara Laut Jawa, sehingga berdampak pada menurunnya ukuran populasi S. trocheliophorum. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya perlindungan yang ketat pada populasi Jawa untuk menjaga kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia.
PENGARUH MEDIA HIPOSALIN DAN HIPERSALIN TERHADAP RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN BIOPIGMEN Dunaliella salina
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad , Hamid Noor , Mudiarti Luky , Kursistyanto Nurcahyo , Aryono Budi 
Published: May 2018

Dunaliella salina merupakan kelompok alga hijau yang menghasilkan pigmen (klorofil, karotenoid, ?-karoten). Klorofil dan karotenoid dapat digunakan sebagai zat pewarna aditif, antioksidan, antikanker, anti-aging, dan Immunomostimulan. Faktor lingkungan yang diduga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan sel dan kandungan pigmen D. salina adalah salinitas. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penelitian mengenai pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen (klorofil a, b dan karotenoid), biomassa dan pertumbuhan sel pada D. salina. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratoris di Laboratorium Prodi Budidaya Perairan UNISNU - Jepara. Perlakuan perbedaan salinitas (hiposalin dan hipersalin) memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap pola pertumbuhan D. salina. Secara berurutan salinitas 20 ppt memiliki puncak pertumbuhan pada hari ke 10 dengan kepadatan 603 x 104 sel/ml, salinitas 25 ppt pada hari ke 10 sebesar 1081 x 104 sel/ml, salinitas 30 ppt hari ke 11 sebesar 1160 x 104 sel/ml, salinitas 35 ppt hari ke 11 sebesar 675 x 104 sel/ml, dan salinitas 40 ppt pada hari ke 12 sebesar 857 x 104 sel/ml. Berdasarkan data laju pertumbuhan menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt (p < 0,05) yaitu 0,163d jam-1. Berdasarkan data konsentrasi pigmen menunjukkan salinitas 30 ppt memiliki nilai tertinggi (p < 0,05) yaitu klorofil a sebesar 10,961c mg/l, klorofil b sebesar 3,636b mg/ml, dan karotenoid sebesar 4,954c mg/l
SEBARAN KONDISI EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN TELUK JAILOLO, KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT. PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Tahir Irmalita , Paembonan Rustam Effendi , Harahap Zulhan A , Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Wibowo Eko Setyabudi 
Published: May 2018

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem utama di wilayah pesisir yang sangat produktif namun sangat rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Pengelolaan ekosistem mengrove harus memperhatikan keterpaduan secara ekologis, ekonomis dan sosial-budaya masyarakat agar pengelolaan secara optimal dan lestari tercapai. Potensi sumber daya ekosistem mangrove di Kawasan Teluk Jailolo cukup besar tetapi kondisi hutan mangrove belum terdata optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran kondisi ekosistem hutan mangrove di kawasan Teluk Jailolo, dengan harapan agar pemanfaatan potensi ekosistem mangrove dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dengan pendekatan teknologi penginderaan jauh dalam memperoleh data dan informasi spasial tentang kondisi ekosistem mangrove dan pengukuran langsung (survey lapangan) untuk memperoleh data sebaran dan kondisi ekosistem mangrove di kawasan pesisir Teluk Jailolo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data Citra Alos Avnir-2 bahwa luas mangrove yang terdapat di Teluk Jailolo adalah 393.77 ha, sebagian besar menyebar disekitar garis pantai bagian Timur Teluk Jailolo, dengan kategori tingkat kerapatan sangat jarang hingga lebat. Berdasarkan analisis NDVI diketahui bahwa luas mangrove untuk kategori sangat jarang 20.18 ha, jarang 91.97 ha, sedang 157.83 ha, dan lebat 123.79 ha
ANALISIS KORELASI PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN, BIOPIGHMEN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK POLAR Dunaliella Salina PADA MEDIA KULTUR BERSALINITAS YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad , Raharjo Sugeng , Boikh Lebrina Ivantry 
Published: May 2018

Salinitas termasuk dalam salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap mikroalga dalam mempertahankan tekanan osmotik protoplasma. Perubahan salinitas pada media kultivasinya akan memperlambat laju fotosintesis mikroalga. Maka dari itu, salinitas diduga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa dan kandungan pigmen (klorofil dan karotenoid) D. salina yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melakukan kajian mengenai hubungan antara laju pertumbuhan, pighmen dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak polar mikroalga D salina pada media kultur bersalinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Prodi Budidaya Perairan UNISNU – Jepara dengan metode eksperimen laboratoris. Variabel independent penelitian adalah perbedaan salinitas media kultur yaitu 20, 25, 30, 35 dan 40 ppt. Sedangkan variabel dependent penelitian adalah kepadatan sel, berat basah, kadar klorofil a, b, karotenoid dan aktitivas antioksidan terhadap radikal DPPH. Data antar variabel dilakukan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perbedaan salinitas, D salina lebih mengutamakan produksi pighmen klorofil a, dari pada klorofil b dan karotenoid (p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan positif antara laju pertumbuhan terhadap produksi klorofil a, b dan karotenoid yaitu y = 128,2x - 10,10 (R2 = 0,938); y = 46,51x - 4,004 (R2 = 0,958); y = 50,93x - 3,393 (R2 = 0,955). Terdapat hubungan positif antara aktivitas antioksidan terhadap laju pertumbuhan, produksi klorofil a, b dan karotenoid yaitu y = -2683x + 460,5 (R2 = 0,927); y = -20,54x + 245,5 (R2 = 0,951); y = -56,39x + 225,3 (R2 = 0,924); dan y = -52,91x + 282,7 (R2 = 0,978). Semakin tinggi laju pertumbuhan D. salina maka produksi klorofil a, b dan karotenoid semakin tinggi. Selanjutnya hasil ektraksi tersebut memiliki aktifitas antioksidan yang semakin tinggi.
SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA EKSTRAK METANOL JARINGAN LUNAK KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa) TERHADAP BAKTERI Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Dewiningsih Karina , Widowati Ita , Setyati Wilis Ari 
Published: May 2018

Kerang darah (Anadara granosa) merupakan salah satu biota laut yang memiliki potensi di bidang farmakologi sebagai antibakteri dan antimikroba. Senyawa bioaktif dari jaringan lunak A. granosa dapat digunakan sebagai bahan antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak kerang A. granosa terhadap bakteri Vibrio harveyi dan untuk menelusuri kandungan senyawa aktif pada jaringan lunak A. granosa dengan analisis fitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri tersebut menggunakan lima konsentrasi yaitu 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 ppt dan dua kontrol yaitu kontrol negatif (metanol) dan kontrol positif (enrofloxacin). Analisa aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambat menggunakan jangka sorong, hal tersebut untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. harveyi. Hasil yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap V. harveyi. Analisa aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan pengukuran dengan jangka sorong menghasilkan zona hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 1000 ppt dan zona hambat terendah pada konsentrasi 100 ppt. Maka, dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. harveyi dan zona hambat yang dihasilkan tergolong kategori lemah.