bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewegungssehen: Zellen, Schaltkreise und Algorithmen
Authors: Ramos-Traslosheros Giordano , Henning Miriam , Silies Marion 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Für viele Tiere ist die Verarbeitung visueller Reize und insbesondere Bewegungsreize von elementarer Bedeutung. Das Bewegungssehen beruht auf dem Vergleich von Lichtsignalen in Raum und Zeit. Zu verstehen, wie neuronale Netzwerke dies erreichen, gilt als Paradigma für die Durchführung spezifischer Rechnungen im Gehirn. Wir werden klassische Modelle des Bewegungssehens vorstellen und Einblicke in die Schaltkreise des Bewegungssehens in Drosophila geben. Direkte physiologische Messungen richtungsselektiver Zellen haben neue Erkenntnisse zur Umsetzung der Algorithmen des Bewegungssehens geliefert. Diese legen eine Kombination zweier Mechanismen nahe: Eine nicht-lineare Verstärkung von Bewegung in eine Richtung, sowie die Suppression von Bewegung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung. Diese Erkenntnisse und eine funktionelle Analyse der neuronalen Komponenten des Bewegungssehens ergeben, dass die Verarbeitung von Bewegungsreizen komplizierter ist als lange angenommen. Darauf aufbauend haben wir die Gelegenheit, die Eigenschaften grundlegender, aber komplexer Schaltkreise im Detail zu verstehen.
Molekulare Dynamik der neuronalen Informationsübertragung
Authors: Heine Martin , Bikbaev Arthur 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die detaillierte Analyse von Synapsen als verbindende Elemente zwischen Nervenzellen ist von zentraler Bedeutung, um sowohl die kognitiven Leistungen des Gehirns als auch deren Einschränkungen zu verstehen. Modernste optische Verfahren erlauben es heute, einzelne Moleküle in lebenden Zellen zu detektieren. Insbesondere kann so die Dynamik der molekularen Komposition in kleinsten Kompartimenten wie etwa den prä- und postynaptischen Membranen erforscht werden. Die Beobachtung der Verteilung von Rezeptoren, Ionenkanälen und Adhäsionsmolekülen über die Zeit lässt erkennen, dass diese einer ständigen stochastischen Bewegung unterliegen. Dies ist überraschend, sind doch Synapsen gerade für solche Proteinmoleküle als Akkumulationsorte mit vielen molekularen Anknüpfungspunkten beschrieben. Durch gezielte Beeinflussung der lateralen Bewegung von Glutamatrezeptoren in Verbindung mit klassischer Elektrophysiologie konnte gezeigt werden, dass die molekulare Dynamik entscheidend für die Induktion synaptischer Plastizität ist und ihrerseits durch synaptische Aktivität beeinflusst werden kann. Sie sollte daher auch mit Blick auf übergeordnete Hirnfunktionen und neurologische Erkrankungen näher untersucht werden.
Circular action treatment (CAT): a new strategy for mechanical treatment of old corrugated container I – effects of control parameters on paper strength
Authors: Kim Jin-Doo , Lee Tai-Ju , Lee Jae-Hoon , Ryu Jeong-Yong , Won Jong-Myoung 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Circular action treatment (CAT) was developed for improving the strength of paper made from old corrugated containers (OCCs). The effects of the revolution speed of the circular blade, number of passes, and consistency of the stock were studied for application to paper recycling. The slowness, water retention value (WRV), and strength of the paper increased with increasing revolution speed of the circular blades and the passing time without changing the fiber characteristics (length, width, and kink angle) due to the improvement in flexibility and hydration degree of hornified fibers. However, the effect of CAT declined when the stock was passed more than 20 times. The thickening of the stock up to 25 % consistency enhanced WRV and strength of the resulting paper. Below 20 % consistency, the stock adhered to the wall of the CAT apparatus, whereas at higher consistency, the stock could not be treated effectively due to uneven impact. Consequently, when the OCC stock was thickened to 25 % and allowed to free fall from 20 times at the maximum revolution speed (875 rpm) of the circular blades, the strength of OCC paper could be effectively enhanced by CAT.
The versatility of the Bristow absorption tester – a review
Authors: Ovaska Sami-Seppo , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the use of the Bristow Absorption Tester (known also as the Bristow wheel) in the characterization of fiber-based substrates. The Bristow wheel is a laboratory-scale instrument that has been designed for studying substrate wettability and dynamic liquid absorption properties in short time intervals, which are important in many converting and printing processes of paper and paperboard. The tester also gives information about substrate roughness. The Bristow wheel has shown great usefulness in predicting print quality especially in inkjet applications, in which a good correlation between print quality (letter area) and ink penetration rate has been found by several researchers. The apparatus is particularly useful in dynamic wetting studies, but it has also been successfully used in numerous other research purposes such as the determination of the degree of sizing, evaluation of material glueability, and various coatability studies. Modifications of both the testing principle and the tester structure have also been reported. These include e. g. equipping the apparatus with a corona unit that makes it possible to mimic a printing process on a relevant time-scale. This review summarizes the reported applications of Bristow wheel with a special focus on tester performance and versatility.
The role of the forest-related sector to the Indonesian Economy: SAM Multiplier Analysis 1985-2008
Authors: Malahayati Marissa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Indonesia is now the country with the highest deforestation rate in the world, and due to the high rate of associated land use change, Indonesia has also become one of the biggest greenhouse gas emitters in the world. It is commonly thought that the cause of this is Indonesia’s high dependence on the forest-related sector. To investigate the role of forest-related sectors to the Indonesian economy, this study tried to analyze the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier from 1985-2008. It was found that there is a tendency for the forest-related sector to contribute a higher multiplier effect to the economy, meaning that Indonesia’s economy is very dependent on the forest-related sector. However, the contribution to the economy is paid for by a high rate of deforestation. Our analysis predicts that the high deforestation rate is mainly due to the establishment of new commercial plantation areas, especially palm oil, and the high rate of illegal logging.
Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Parties in Visegrad countries vis à vis the migration crisis. In the name of the people and the nation in Central Europe
Authors: Stojarová Věra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper looks at the political party scene in Visegrad countries before and after the influx of refugees and compares how much the negative reactions were instrumentalised not only by the extremist and radical right parties but by the newly emerged populist formations as well as the well-established mainstream parties across the whole political spectra. Until the “migration crisis”, the far right parties focused mainly on Roma issue, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, anti-establishment and used anti-NATO, anti-EU, anti-German, anti-Czech, anti-Slovak or anti-Hungarian card. Since 2015, the parties re-oriented against immigrants, more precisely against the Muslims presenting them as a threat and also increased their criticism on the EU. However, the mainstream parties also accepted far right topics and actively promoted them. The result is then mainstreaming of xenophobia, nationalism and marginalization of far right parties as their flexible voters move to the populist subjects.
State Policy of Serbia – National Communities, Citizenship and Diaspora
Authors: Radosavljević Duško 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
At this moment, Serbia is an “incomplete country” ( M.Podunavac), characterized by a certain kind of political restoration. It consists of several blocks of political power, which belong to the newly established authority, whose political technology is based on an explosive and very dangerous combination of national and social populism, with its uninstitutionalisation of the system of law and politics, its hasty and rather forced deviation from the “former regime” (Boris Tadic`s Democratic Party), which, altogether, not only resembles but actually revives formative principles of the “old regime”(Slobodan Milosevic). Since the first activities of the new political power are quite flavored with ideological aromas, there is a hope that the activities which marked Serbia in the last decade of the 20th century will not be brought back into public life, especially considering the fact that there are still scars which they left on the fragile democratic body of Serbia, on its public life in general, and particularly on our fields of interest - the policy on national communities, citizenship and diaspora.
Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 2. Applications and nanotoxicology (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Gubala Vladimir , Johnston Linda J. , Krug Harald F. , Moore Colin J. , Ober Christopher K. , Schwenk Michael , Vert Michel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Research on engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has progressed rapidly from the very early stages of studying their unique, size-dependent physicochemical properties and commercial exploration to the development of products that influence our everyday lives. We have previously reviewed various methods for synthesis, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization of ENM in a publication titled ‘Engineered Nanomaterials: Preparation, Functionalization and Characterization’. In this second, inter-linked document, we first provide an overview of important applications of ENM in products relevant to human healthcare and consumer goods, such as food, textiles, and cosmetics. We then highlight the challenges for the design and development of new ENM for bio-applications, particularly in the rapidly developing nanomedicine sector. The second part of this document is dedicated to nanotoxicology studies of ENM in consumer products. We describe the various biological targets where toxicity may occur, summarize the four nanotoxicology principles, and discuss the need for careful consideration of the biodistribution, degradation, and elimination routes of nanosized materials before they can be safely used. Finally, we review expert opinions on the risk, regulation, and ethical aspects of using engineered nanomaterials in applications that may have direct or indirect impact on human health or our environment.
Optimal system, nonlinear self-adjointness and conservation laws for generalized shallow water wave equation
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Inc Mustafa , Yusuf Abdullahi , Aliyu Aliyu Isa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, the generalized shallow water wave (GSWW) equation is studied from the perspective of one dimensional optimal systems and their conservation laws (Cls). Some reduction and a new exact solution are obtained from known solutions to one dimensional optimal systems. Some of the solutions obtained involve expressions with Bessel function and Airy function [1,2,3]. The GSWW is a nonlinear self-adjoint (NSA) with the suitable differential substitution, Cls are constructed using the new conservation theorem.
Experimental investigation on optical vortex tweezers for microbubble trapping
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Chen Ziyang , Liu Zetian , Pu Jixiong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigated the microbubble trapping using optical vortex tweezers. It is shown that the microbubble can be trapped by the vortex optical tweezers, in which the trapping light beam is of vortex beam. We studied a relationship between the transverse capture gradient force and the topological charges of the illuminating vortex beam. For objective lenses with numerical aperture of 1.25 (100×), the force measurement was performed by the power spectral density (PSD) roll-off method. It was shown that transverse trapping forces of vortex optical tweezers increase with the increment of the laser power for fixed topological charge. Whereas, the increase in the topological charges of vortex beam for the same laser power results in the decrease of the transverse trapping forces. The experimental results demonstrated that the laser mode (topological charge) has significant influence on the lateral trapping force.
Interpenetrating polymer network adhesive bonding of PEEK to titanium for aerospace application
Authors: Ahmed Sabbir , Bhowmik Shantanu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This investigation highlights the rationale of epoxy-novolac interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) adhesive bonding of low-pressure plasma treated polyether ether ketone (PEEK) to plasma nitrided titanium for aerospace application. Physico-chemical characterization of surface modified PEEK is carried out by surface energy measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Lap shear tensile tests are carried out to measure mechanical properties such as lap-shear tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation at break (% EB) and toughness of the adhesive bonded PEEK to titanium joint. XPS analysis reveals the presence of the oxygen (O) functional group into the plasma treated PEEK surface. This polar functional group O increases the surface energy on the plasma treated PEEK surface, and consequently, the adhesive bond strength is enhanced. The values of Young’s modulus, % EB and toughness of epoxy-novolac IPN adhesive bonded plasma treated PEEK to plasma nitrided titanium are increased considerably in respect to epoxy-novolac IPN adhesive bonded untreated PEEK to untreated titanium joint. Therefore, the present investigation concludes that the adhesive bond strength not only depends on the surface characteristics of PEEK and titanium, but also on the cohesive properties of the adhesive.
Nanomaterials: Electrochemical Properties and Application in Sensors
Authors: Brainina Kh. , Stozhko N. , Bukharinova M. , Vikulova E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe unique properties of nanoparticles make them an extremely valuable modifying material, being used in electrochemical sensors. The features of nanoparticles affect the kinetics and thermodynamics of electrode processes of both nanoparticles and redox reactions occurring on their surface. The paper describes theoretical background and experimental studies of these processes. During the transition from macro- to micro- and nanostructures, the analytical characteristics of sensors modify. These features of metal nanoparticles are related to their size and energy effects, which affects the analytical characteristics of developed sensors. Modification of the macroelectrode with nanoparticles and other nanomaterials reduces the detection limit and improves the degree of sensitivity and selectivity of measurements. The use of nanoparticles as transducers, catalytic constituents, parts of electrochemical sensors for antioxidant detection, adsorbents, analyte transporters, and labels in electrochemical immunosensors and signal-generating elements is described.
Manhattan Dynamite and no pancakes: Tradition and normality in the work of Tove Jansson
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is not uncommon to read the Moomin tales through existentialist lenses. Although there might be natural reasons for focusing on and privileging the nine classical Moomin books, it would, however, be a mistake to overlook Jansson’s comic strips. This is so, not only because of the quality of Jansson’s drawings and because of the way she innovatively worked with and developed that graphic medium, but certainly also because of the stories they contain. When read alongside the books, the comic strips add important aspects and nuances to Jansson’s portrayal of human existence. By allowing herself the freedom to radically change the setting and scenery of the stories, Jansson was able to explore quite different topics than was possible in the novels, and in particular to offer a somewhat different account of the role of customs, normality and tradition.
Strange vegetation: Emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’sMoominvalley in November
Authors: Heinämaa Sara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’sMoominvalley in November. I argue that one of the main characters of Jansson’s book is the autumn forest that surrounds the abandoned Moomin house. The decomposing forest is not just an emblem of the inner lives of the guests that gather in the house but is an active character itself: an ambiguous life form that creeps in the house and must be expelled from its living core. I further demonstrate that the emotion of disgust has a crucial role in Jansson’s narrative, and that an adequate analysis of the intentional content of disgust allows us to see what is at issue in the relations between the characters. In my reading, the main insight of Tove Jansson’s last Moomin book is not about loss or sorrow but is about the human capacity to begin anew by composing novel wholes from scraps.
Pain assessment in native and non-native language: difficulties in reporting the affective dimensions of pain
Authors: Mustajoki Marianne , Forsén Tom , Kauppila Timo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
The language in assessing intensity or quality of pain has been studied but the results have been inconsistent. The physicians’ language skills might affect the estimation of the severity of pain possibly leading to insufficient use of analgesics. Several interfering cultural factors have complicated studies aimed at exploring the language used to detect the quality of pain. We aimed to compare native and non-native language related qualitative aspects of pain chosen by Swedish speaking patients with diabetes.

Methods
In the study participated 10 Finnish and 51 Swedish speaking patients with diabetes. The Pain Detect-questionnaire was used for clarifying the patients’ pain and the mechanism of their pain (neuropathic or not) and for assessing the intensity and quality of pain. In addition, the patients completed the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (sfMPQ) in Finnish (test I). After 30 min the subjects completed the sfMPQ a second time in their native language (test II). The Swedish speakers estimated their second language, Finnish, proficiency on a 5-graded scale.

Results
There were significantly more discrepancies between sfMPQ test I and test II among the Swedish speaking respondents who reported poor (hardly none) Finnish language proficiency compared with those with good Finnish proficiency. Discrepancies occurred especially between the affective qualities of pain.

Conclusions
Poor second language proficiency exposes Swedish speakers to pain communication difficulties related to the affective aspects of pain. Consequently, discordant language communication could cause underestimation of the severity of pain and pain undertreatment.

Implications
To ensure adequate pain treatment measuring the affective dimension of pain in the patient’s native language is crucial.
Idiographic measurement of depressive thinking: development and preliminary validation of the Sentence Completion Test for Chronic Pain (SCP)
Authors: Rusu Adina C. , Hallner Dirk 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
Depression is a common feature of chronic pain, but there is only limited research into the content and frequency of depressed cognitions in pain patients. This study describes the development of the Sentence Completion Test for Chronic Pain (SCP), an idiographic measure for assessing depressive thinking in chronic pain patients. The sentence completion task requires participants to finish incomplete sentences using their own words to a set of predefined stems that include negative, positive and neutral valenced self-referenced words. In addition, the stems include past, future and world stems, which reflect the theoretical negative triad typical to depression. Complete responses are coded by valence (negative, positive and neutral), pain and health-related content.

Methods
A total of 89 participants were included in this study. Forty seven adult out-patients formed the depressed pain group and were compared to a non-clinical control sample of 42 healthy control participants. This study comprised several phases: (1) theory-driven generation of coding rules; (2) the development of a coding manual by a panel of experts (3) comparing reliability of coding by expert raters without the use of the coding manual and with the use of the coding manual; (4) preliminary analyses of the construct validity of the SCP. The internal consistency of the SCP was tested using the Kuder-Richardson coefficient (KR-20). Inter-rater agreement was assessed by intra-class correlations (ICC). The content and construct validity of the SCP was investigated by correlation coefficients between SCP negative completions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression scores and the number of symptoms on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID).

Results
As predicted for content validity, the number of SCP negative statements was significantly greater in the depressed pain group and this group also produced significantly fewer positive statements, compared to the healthy control group. The number of negative pain completions and negative health completions was significantly greater in the depressed pain group. As expected, in the depressed pain group, the correlation between SCP negatives and the HADS Depression score was r=0.60 and the correlation between SCP negatives and the number of symptoms on the SCID was r=0.56.

Conclusions
The SCP demonstrated good content validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability.

Implications
Uses for this measure, such as complementing questionnaire measures by an idiographic assessment of depressive thinking and generating hypotheses about key problems within a cognitive-behavioural case-formulation, are suggested.
Gabapentin and NMDA receptor antagonists interacts synergistically to alleviate allodynia in two rat models of neuropathic pain
Authors: Shi Tiansheng , Hao Jing-Xia , Wiesenfeld-Hallin Zsuzsanna , Xu Xiao-Jun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
The clinical management of neuropathic pain remains a challenge. We examined the interaction between gabapentin and NMDA receptor antagonists dextromethrophan and MK-801 in alleviating neuropathic pain-like behaviors in rats after spinal cord or sciatic nerve injury.

Methods
Female and male rats were produced with Ischemic spinal cord injury and sciatic nerve injury. Gabapentin, dextromethorphan, MK-801 or drug combinations were injected with increasing doses. Mechanical response thresholds were tested with von Frey hairs to graded mechanical touch/pressure, and ethyl chloride spray was applied to assess the cold sensitivity before and after injuries.

Results
In spinally injured rats, gabapentin and dextromethorphan did not affect allodynia-like behaviors at doses of 30 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, combination of 15 or 30 mg/kg gabapentin with dextromethorphan at 10 mg/kg produced total alleviation of allodynia to mechanical or cold stimulation. Further reducing the dose of gapapentin to 7.5 mg/kg and dextromethorphan to 5 mg/kg still produced significant effect. MK-801, another NMDA receptor antagonist, also enhanced the effect of gabapentin in spinally injured rats. Similar synergistic anti-allodynic effect between dextromethorphan and gabapentin was also observed in a rat model of partial sciatic nerve injury. No increased side effect was seen following the combination between gabapentin and dextromethorphan.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the present study suggested that combining NMDA receptor antagonists with gabapentin could provide synergistic effect to alleviate neuropathic pain and reduced side effects.

Implications
Combining NMDA receptor antagonists with gabapentin may provide a new approach in alleviating neuropathic pain with increased efficacy and reduced side effects.