bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction studies of lead(II) ion with cyclic β‐(1→3),(1→6) glucans extracted from Bradyrhizobium japonicum based on ‘chelation enhanced fluorescence’ (CHEF) effect
Authors: Visweswar K. N. S. , Sunil A. , Sri Harsha A. , Janardhana Ch. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCyclic β‐(1→3),(1→6) glucans (CBGs) isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria are the periplasmic oligosaccharides having cyclic structures. This paper presents the isolation of CBGs from the bacteria cultured using optimized medium that improved yields to 350–450 mg per gram of cellular dry weight along with analytical interaction with lead(II) ions in the range 33.0–2.0 ppm with CBG as a binding ligand, using constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding ability of CBGs towards lead(II) is clearly evident from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The theoretical calculations using HEX 8.0 gave an insight about the interaction between CBG and lead(II) to be in the ratio of 3:1. The method displayed the sensitivity and selectivity towards lead(II) ions up to 2.0 ppm. This observed property of CBGs can potentially hold an application in bioremediation of the soil contaminated with lead.
Case report: An infantile lethal form of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy due to a GNAS mutation
Authors: Leclercq Valérie , Benoit Valérie , Lederer Damien , Delaunoy Melanie , Ruiz Marcela , de Halleux Claire , Robaux Olivier , Wanty Catherine , Maystadt Isabelle 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageGermline loss‐of‐function GNAS mutations are associated with multiple phenotypes, depending on the parental origin of the mutant allele. Here, we describe an infantile lethal form of atypical pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a or 1c with severe Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy phenotype, underlying the extremely variable expressivity of this syndrome.
Anterior fiber‐reinforced ribbon composite resin bridge—A case report
Authors: Pankratz Valentina , Zimmer Stefan , Marković Ljubiša 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe case describes the fabrication of a unilaterally fixed anterior fiber‐reinforced composite bridge in a 14‐year‐old girl. Using this technique, it is possible to temporarily replace a missing anterior tooth until a definitive restoration can be inserted.
High‐Voltage Stability of Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors with a Bimodal Porous Carbon Electrode
Authors: Aref Amir Reza , Rajagopalan Ramakrishnan , Randall Clive A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicropores (<2 nm) and small mesopores (width between 2 and 10 nm) in the structure of carbon play an important role in determining both the charge storage properties and voltage stability of ionic‐liquid‐based electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). We demonstrate that the use of bimodal porous carbon electrodes results in excellent voltage stability and good capacitance retention (>90 %), as determined by using voltage holding tests at 3.5 V over 250 h. Furthermore, a three‐electrode split cell study showed that the voltage stability in bimodal carbon was achieved because of more symmetric potential distribution and similar electrode capacitances between the positive and negative electrodes as compared to purely microporous carbon electrode. The presence of larger mesopores (5–10 nm) in the bimodal carbon facilitates the access and rearrangement of the bulkier cations at the electrode/electrolyte interface, whereas this is severely hindered in purely microporous carbon electrode. By using a lumped transmission line model, we delineated the contribution of both smaller and larger pores in the bimodal carbon towards the impedance performance of EDLCs.
Recent Advances of MOFs and MOF‐Derived Materials in Thermally Driven Organic Transformations
Authors: Yang Shuliang , Peng Li , Bulut Safak , Queen Wendy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOwing to the almost boundless structural tunability, MOF and MOF‐derived catalysts have recently exhibited structures of higher complexity, and hence, have demonstrated activity in a wide array of organic transformations. These reactions have a broad range of important applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to agriculture. Given the increasing number of publications in the area, this Minireview is focused on the most recent advancements in thermally driven organic transformations using both MOFs, nanoparticle@MOF (NP@MOF) composites, and several classes of MOF‐derived materials. The most recent advancements made in materials design and the utility of these materials in a broad range of reactions are discussed.
Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Directional Assembly of an Amphiphilic Donor–Acceptor Alternating Supramolecular Copolymer
Authors: Chakraborty Saptarshi , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod K. , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe stimuli‐responsive supramolecular co‐assembly of two π‐amphiphiles, NDI‐1 and Py‐1, in which an acceptor (A) (naphthalene diimide) and a donor (D) (pyrene) chromophore, respectively, serve as the hydrophobic segment, is described. In addition, both contain an amide group in a designated location so that H‐bonding and D–A charge‐transfer (CT) interactions can operate simultaneously. H‐bonding among the amide groups not only enhanced the CT interaction promoted by the alternating D–A stacking propensity, but also fixed the lateral orientation of the two chromophores and thus compelled the anionic and nonionic hydrophilic head groups, appended with the D and A amphiphiles, respectively, to remain segregated on two opposite sides of the amphiphilic alternating supramolecular copolymer. This copolymer showed spontaneous polymersome assembly with the D‐appended anionic groups displayed at the outer surface, whereas the A‐appended hydrophilic wedge converged at the inner lacuna. In contrast, spherical or cylindrical micellar structures were produced by Py‐1 and NDI‐1, respectively. Effective functional‐group display in the D–A supramolecular polymersome enabled protein‐surface recognition and inhibition of the enzymatic activity of Cht. Under a reducing environment, formation of NDI.− jeopardized the D–A interaction and thus the A chromophores were ejected out of the membrane of the polymersome causing its gradual contraction in size by >75 %. D–A supramolecular polymersomes also exhibited a lower critical solution temperature that could be tuned across a temperature window of 40 to 70 °C by varying the ratio of the A and D components in the alternating supramolecular copolymer.
Cationic Complexes of Boron and Aluminum: An Early 21st Century Viewpoint
Authors: Franz Daniel , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBoron and aluminum are lighter Group 13 elements, found in daily life commodities, and considered environmentally benign. Nevertheless, they markedly differ in their elemental properties (e.g., metal character, atomic radius). The use of Lewis acidic complexes of boron and aluminum for methods of bond activation and catalysis (e.g., hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates, polymerization of olefins and epoxides) is quickly expanding. The introduction of cationic charge may boost the metalloid‐centered Lewis acidity and allow for its fine‐tuning particularly with regard to preference for “hard” or “soft” Lewis bases (i.e., substrates). Especially the isolation of low‐coordinate cations (number of ligand atoms smaller than four) demands elaborate techniques of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization (i.e., electronic saturation and steric shielding) by a ligand system. Furthermore, the properties of the solvent and the counteranion must be considered with care. Here, selected examples of boron and aluminum cations are described.
The Use of Calcium Carbide as Acetylene Source in a Three‐Component Coupling with ω‐Chlorinated Ketones and Primary Amines
Authors: Van Beek Wim E. , Gadde Karthik , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCalcium carbide was used in a CuI‐catalysed three‐component coupling with ω‐chlorinated ketones and primary amines to generate terminal 2‐alkynyl‐N‐heterocycles. The formation of an imine and the subsequent intramolecular substitution results in an active electrophilic iminium species, which can be alkynylated by in situ formed copper acetylide. A number of aliphatic primary (functionalised) amines and aliphatic or aromatic alkynes together with different alkyl‐ or aryl‐substituted γ‐ or δ‐chloroketones could be used. Simple acid–base workup instead of column chromatography can be applied to obtain the resulting 2‐alkynylpyrrolidines and 2‐alkynylpiperidines.
Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles Based on [3+2] Cycloaddition Strategy Utilizing [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement under Brønsted Base Catalysis
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Iino Akio , Ishikawa Sho , Aoki Takuma , Terada Masahiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles was established based on the [3+2] cycloaddition strategy utilizing the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement under Brønsted base catalysis. The less‐explored approach of the [3+2] cycloaddition, that is, the reaction of a C3 subunit with imines, was successfully achieved by making use of newly designed C3 subunits containing the requisite umpolung. The two‐step formal [3+2] cycloaddition involves the catalytic generation of an α‐oxygenated propargyl anion through the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement followed by γ‐addition to the imine under Brønsted base catalysis and the subsequent intramolecular cyclization mediated by Au catalyst or a halogenation reagent to afford polysubstituted pyrroles having a variety of substituents in a positional selective manner. The pyrroles thus synthesized were amenable to further transformations, such as palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. The operationally very simple method with readily available substrates provides new access to a diverse array of well‐organized polysubstituted pyrroles.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Malononitriles as Masked Acyl Cyanide with Allenes: Efficient Access to β,γ‐Unsaturated Carbonyls
Authors: Grugel Christian P. , Breit Bernhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective intermolecular allylation of malononitriles as masked acyl cyanides (MAC) with terminal and symmetrical internal allenes is reported. A RhI/Josiphos catalytic system combined with subsequent oxidative degradation of the primary adducts enables a straightforward access to α‐branched, β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The present protocol exhibits perfect atom economy in the allylation step and is characterized by a great functional group compatibility. Furthermore, the use of α‐substituted malononitriles allowed for the construction of all‐carbon quaternary centers.
Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by race/ethnicity and geographic area in California: Implications for prevention
Authors: Yang Baiyu , Liu Jessica B. , So Samuel K. , Han Summer S. , Wang Sophia S. , Hertz Andrew , Shariff‐Marco Salma , Lin Gomez Scarlett , Rosenberg Philip S. , Nguyen Mindie H. , Hsing Ann W. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been rising rapidly in the United States. California is an ethnically diverse state with the largest number of incident HCC cases in the country. Characterizing HCC disparities in California may inform priorities for HCC prevention.METHODSBy using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18‐Registry Database and the California Cancer Registry, age‐adjusted HCC incidence in California from 2009 through 2013 was calculated by race/ethnicity and neighborhood ethnic enclave status. A geographic analysis was conducted using Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs) as the geographic unit, and race/ethnicity‐specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to identify MSSAs with higher‐than‐expected HCC incidence compared with the statewide average.RESULTSDuring 2009 through 2013, the age‐adjusted incidence of HCC in California was the highest in Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) and Hispanics (>100% higher than whites), especially those living in more ethnic neighborhoods (20%‐30% higher than less ethnic neighborhoods). Of the 542 MSSAs statewide, 42 had elevated HCC incidence (SIR ≥ 1.5; lower bound of 95% confidence interval > 1) for whites, 14 for blacks, 24 for APIs, and 36 for Hispanics. These MSSAs have 24% to 52% higher proportions of individuals below the 100% federal poverty line than other MSSAs.CONCLUSIONSAPIs and Hispanics residing in more ethnic neighborhoods and individuals residing in lower income neighborhoods require more extensive preventive efforts tailored toward their unique risk factor profiles. The current race/ethnicity‐specific geographic analysis can be extended to other states to inform priorities for HCC targeted prevention at the subcounty level, eventually reducing HCC burden in the country.
Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2
Authors: Peres Rafael , Soares Juliana G. M. , Lima Bruss , Fiorani Mario , Chiorri Marco , Florentino Maria M. , Gattass Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCytochrome oxidase histochemistry reveals large‐scale cortical modules in area V2 of primates known as thick, thin, and interstripes. Anatomical, electrophysiological, and tracing studies suggest that V2 cytochrome oxidase stripes participate in functionally distinct streams of visual information processing. However, there is controversy whether the different V2 compartments indeed correlate with specialized neuronal response properties. We used multiple‐electrode arrays (16 × 2, 8 × 4 and 4 × 4 matrices) to simultaneously record the spiking activity (N = 190 single units) across distinct V2 stripes in anesthetized and paralyzed capuchin monkeys (N = 3 animals, 6 hemispheres). Visual stimulation consisted of moving bars and full‐field gratings with different contrasts, orientations, directions of motion, spatial frequencies, velocities, and color contrasts. Interstripe neurons exhibited the strongest orientation and direction selectivities compared to the thick and thin stripes, with relatively stronger coding for orientation. Additionally, they responded best to higher spatial frequencies and to lower stimulus velocities. Thin stripes showed the highest proportion (80%) of neurons selective to color contrast (compared to 47% and 21% for thick and interstripes, respectively). The great majority of the color selective cells (86%) were also orientation selective. Additionally, thin stripe neurons continued to increase their firing rate for stimulus contrasts above 50%, while thick and interstripe neurons already exhibited some degree of response saturation at this point. Thick stripes best coded for lower spatial frequencies and higher stimulus velocities. In conclusion, V2 CytOx stripes exhibit a mixed degree of segregation and integration of information processing, shedding light into the early mechanisms of vision.
Minimal Mass Blowup Solutions for the Patlak‐Keller‐Segel Equation
Authors: Ghoul Tej‐Eddine , Masmoudi Nader 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe consider the parabolic‐elliptic Patlak‐Keller‐Segel (PKS) model of chemotactic aggregation in two space dimensions which describes the aggregation of bacteria under chemotaxis. When the mass is equal to 8π and the second moment is finite (the doubly critical case), we give a precise description of the dynamic as time goes to infinity and extract the limiting profile and speed. The proof shows that this dynamic is stable under perturbations. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Imaging of Tryptic Peptides by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using Fresh‐Frozen or Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue
Authors: Angel Peggi M. , Norris‐Caneda Kim , Drake Richard R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTryptic peptide imaging is a primary workflow for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) and has led to new information reporting highly multiplexed protein localization. Technological advances within the last few years have produced robust tools for automated spraying of both matrix and enzymes. When combined with high‐mass‐resolution and high‐mass‐accuracy instrumentation, studies now generally result in two‐dimensional mapping of well over 1,000 peptide peaks. This protocol describes sample preparation, spraying, and application of enzymes and matrices, and MALDI FT‐ICR instrumental considerations for two‐dimensional mapping of tryptic peptides from fresh‐frozen or formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Procedures for extraction of tryptic peptides from tissue sections for LC‐MS/MS identification are also described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The luminance ratio of autofluorescence in a xenograft mouse model is stable through tumor growth stages
Authors: Sumi Shigeki , Umemura Naoki , Adachi Makoto , Ohta Takahisa , Naganawa Kosuke , Kawaki Harumi , Takayama Eiji , Kondoh Nobuo , Sumitomo Shinichiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research was to investigate the value of autofluorescence imaging of oral cancer across different stages of tumor growth, to assist in detecting tumors. A xenograft mouse model was created with human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC‐3 being subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. Tumor imaging was performed with an autofluorescence imaging method (Illumiscan®) using the luminance ratio, which was defined as the luminance of the tumor site over the luminance of normal skin tissue normalized to a value of 1.0. This luminance ratio was continuously observed postinoculation. Tumor and normal skin tissues were harvested, and differences in the concentrations of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were examined. The luminance ratio of the tumor sites was 0.85 ± 0.05, and there was no significant change in the ratio over time, even if the tumor proliferated and expanded. Furthermore, flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were significantly lower in tumor tissue than in normal skin tissue. A luminance ratio under 0.90 indicates a high possibility of tumor, irrespective of the tumor growth stage. However, this cutoff value was determined using a xenograft mouse model and therefore requires further validation before being used in clinical diagnosis.
Survivability using traffic balancing and backup resource reservation in multi‐domain optical networks
Authors: Batham Deepak , Yadav Dharmendra Singh , Prakash Shashi 
Published: August 2018

SummarySurvivability in the geographically distributed backbone multi‐domain optical networks (MDONs) is critical because of issues related to its size, usage of resources, and domain management policies of the comprising domains. In MDONs, the emerging scheduled traffic is increasingly multivendor, multimedia, and periodic. It is high during the office (working) hours and low during the non‐office (non‐working) hours in a day. A connection failure during the office hours may result in huge amount of information being lost. Towards providing an acceptable level of service even when a connection fails, we first provide traffic balancing (TB) based solutions where the intra/inter‐domain traffic is slided (S1‐TB), shifted (S2‐TB), or slided as well as shifted (S3‐TB) based on the service level agreement between the client and domain service provider. Of the above solutions, the solution based on sliding as well as shifting (S3‐TB) performs best, and hence for further improvement in S3‐TB, we incorporate backup multiplexing with advance backup resource reservation (BRR) and evaluate the performance of the strategy and report results. The performance evaluation of the above strategies is compared with the existing extended path shared protection (EPSP) by a simulator developed in MATLAB and tested on three‐domain and five‐domain standard network topologies, on the metrics of blocking probability, network resource utilization ratio, network capacity utilized by backup route, wavelength link used per backup lightpath, and a newly introduced metric, network resource utilization index. As compared with the existing strategy EPSP, the S3‐TB and S3‐TB with BRR showed improved performance on all the metrics.
Blood glucose profiles in East Asian and Caucasian injection‐naive patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral medication: a pooled analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao Mei , Li Peng Fei , Hou Jia Ning , Ji Li Nong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe primary objective of this study was to compare blood glucose (BG) excursions between East Asian and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were injection‐naive, had inadequate glycemic control with oral antihyperglycemic medications, and who required initiation with injectable therapy.MethodsThis retrospective pooled analysis included individual patient data from completed clinical trials (Insulin lispro injection/dulaglutide development programs, first patient visit ≥1997). All included patients were ≥18 years, were East Asian or Caucasian, and had data for self‐monitored BG at baseline. The primary outcome, BG excursion at baseline (least‐squares mean, standard error), was compared between patient groups using an analysis of covariance with race as the fixed effect. Independent covariates included baseline body weight, baseline HbA1c, age, and duration of T2DM.ResultsCaucasian (n = 6779) and East Asian (n = 1638) patients from 21 trials were included. BG excursions were significantly higher for East Asian than Caucasian patients at breakfast (4.03 [0.075] vs 2.59 [0.045] mmol/L), lunch (3.37 [0.080] vs 1.43 [0.049] mmol/L), and dinner (3.16 [0.080] vs 1.74 [0.047] mmol/L) (P < 0.001 adjusted analyses). Similar findings were observed for the unadjusted analyses. At each time point, postprandial BG was significantly higher for East Asian than Caucasian patients (with adjusted and unadjusted analyses).ConclusionThese findings suggest that BG excursion and postprandial BG are higher among East Asian patients with T2DM than Caucasian patients. In addition, these findings may help clinicians select appropriate treatments for East Asian patients with T2DM who require injection therapy.
Convergent evolution of coloration in experimental introductions of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Dick Cynthia , Hinh Jasmine , Hayashi Cheryl Y. , Reznick David N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the multitude of examples of evolution in action, relatively fewer studies have taken a replicated approach to understand the repeatability of evolution. Here, we examine the convergent evolution of adaptive coloration in experimental introductions of guppies from a high‐predation (HP) environment into four low‐predation (LP) environments. LP introductions were replicated across 2 years and in two different forest canopy cover types. We take a complementary approach by examining both phenotypes and genetics. For phenotypes, we categorize the whole color pattern on the tail fin of male guppies and analyze evolution using a correspondence analysis. We find that coloration in the introduction sites diverged from the founding Guanapo HP site. Sites group together based on canopy cover, indicating convergence in response to light environment. However, the axis that explains the most variation indicates a lack of convergence. Therefore, evolution may proceed along similar phenotypic trajectories, but still maintain unique variation within sites. For the genetics underlying the divergent phenotypes, we examine expression levels of color genes. We find no evidence for differential expression, indicating that the genetic basis for the color changes remains undetermined.