bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depressed mood and loss of interest among community‐dwelling older people: Large‐scale questionnaire survey and visiting intervention
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Ura Chiaki , Miyamae Fumiko , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Ayako Edahiro , Hiroshi Murayama , Motokawa Keiko , Awata Shuichi 
Published: September 2018

AimLate‐life depression is identified less often by general practitioners than depression in younger adults, but failure to have late‐life depression recognized in a primary care setting can have fatal consequences. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of depressed mood and loss of interest, and identify associated factors among community‐dwelling older adults in a large‐scale study.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to all residents (n = 132 005) aged ≥65 years in one Tokyo district. The questionnaire asked about depressed mood and loss of interest. It also included items measuring sociodemographic variables, physical health‐related variables, psychological variables, socioeconomic variables, attitude to the community and the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System ‐ 21 items.ResultIn total, 19.5% of community‐dwelling older people had experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest during the past month. This group also showed increased frailty and a negative attitude towards the community, and were less likely to be economically disadvantaged (although more likely to have had a childhood economic disadvantage). The multivariate analysis showed that increased frailty had the strongest relationship with depressed mood. Survey respondents who had either of these conditions were more likely to receive support from the community‐based integrated support center.ConclusionsThe present study showed a high prevalence of depressed mood and loss of interest among older people. Frailty was a significant factor, suggesting that collaboration is essential between primary care geriatrics and geriatric psychiatry. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1567–1572.
Investigation of small intestinal lesions in dialysis patients using capsule endoscopy
Authors: Nakajima Fumitaka , Furumatsu Yoshiyuki , Yurugi Takatomi , Amari Yoshifumi , Iida Takeshi , Fukui Takayuki , Kuramoto Takanori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Although gastrointestinal hemorrhage is an important complication for dialysis patients, the details of many points remain unclear with regard to small intestinal lesions.Methods: Capsule endoscopy was performed in fecal occult blood‐positive dialysis (n =16) and non‐dialysis (n = 20) patients after upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies failed to reveal hemorrhagic lesions.Findings: Erosive lesions were observed in 50.0% (8/16) and 25.0% (5/20) of the dialysis and non‐dialysis groups, respectively. Vascular lesions were observed in 62.5% (10/16) and 25.0% (5/20), respectively. Vascular lesions were observed at a significantly higher rate in the dialysis patients (P = 0.041), but no significant difference was noted in erosive lesions (P = 0.188). Of patients taking proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs, and antiplatelet drugs, only oral PPI administration was associated with vascular lesions (P = 0.02).Discussion: In dialysis patients, vascular lesions are the most common among small intestinal lesions, suggesting that they may have caused previously unexplained gastrointestinal hemorrhage in dialysis patients. It was also suggested that the frequent use of PPI may be a cause of small intestinal lesions.
Oral vitamin D3 5000 IU/day as an adjuvant in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized control trial
Authors: Sánchez‐Armendáriz Karen , García‐Gil Ana , Romero Cesar A. , Contreras‐Ruiz José , Karam‐Orante Marcia , Balcazar‐Antonio Denek , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D has immunomodulatory effects both in the innate and adaptive immune systems, and there is growing scientific evidence demonstrating its relevance in inflammatory processes such as AD.HypothesisIf vitamin D3 promotes the skin immune system, then it should improve the response to treatment of patients with AD.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted, which included 65 patients with AD according to Hanifin–Rajka criteria and the severity scale (SCORAD). The patients were divided into two groups to receive either vitamin D3 5000 IU/day (n = 33) or placebo (n = 32), plus baseline therapy (topical steroid, soap substitute, and emollient) during 3 months.ResultsFifty‐eight of the 65 enrolled subjects were included in the analysis. At the end of the intervention, the treated group achieved higher levels of 25(OH)D (P < 0.001). At week 12, those patients who registered serum levels of 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/ml, regardless of whether or not they had received supplementation, showed a lower SCORAD compared to those with levels <20 ng/ml (P < 0.001). Eighty percent of the patients with serum levels <20 ng/ml (n = 9) had moderate–severe AD despite standard treatment. Vitamin D levels ≥20 ng/ml associated with baseline therapy strongly favored remission of atopic dermatitis (P = 0.03). No significant differences were found between patients with serum levels of ≥20 ng/ml vs. ≥30 ng/ml.ConclusionsReaching serum levels of 25(OH)D > 20 ng/ml in conjunction with standard therapy is sufficient to achieve a reduction in severity (SCORAD) in patients with AD.
Simple risk assessment in prostate cancer patients treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy: The Korean Cancer Study of the Prostate risk classification
Authors: Choi Se Young , Ryu Jeman , You Dalsan , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the progression to castration‐resistant prostate cancer after primary androgen deprivation therapy, and to build a simple risk prediction model for primary androgen deprivation therapy patients based on the Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment criteria.MethodsA total of 602 patients who received primary androgen deprivation therapy were entered into the Korean Cancer Study of the Prostate database. The effect of prognostic factors was determined by multivariate analysis. For each patient, the weight of all factors was totaled to give Korean Cancer Study‐prostate scores; patients were divided into three risk groups according to their score. The probability of castration‐resistant prostate cancer, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsOn multivariate analysis for castration‐resistant prostate cancer, the significant variables were initial prostate‐specific antigen (>40 ng/mL; 1 point), biopsy Gleason score (≥9; 1 point), clinical N1 (1 point), and non‐regional lymph node (1 point), bone (1 point) and visceral (1 point) metastasis. The Korean Cancer Study‐prostate scoring model was calculated on a scale of 0–6 (0: low, 1–2: intermediate, ≥3: high risk). The risk groups stratified castration‐resistant prostate cancer (P < 0.0001), cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.0001) and overall survival (P < 0.0001) by Kaplan–Meier curve. The Korean Cancer Study‐prostate model predicted castration‐resistant prostate cancer with a c‐index of 0.7242, cancer‐specific survival with a c‐index of 0.7036 and overall survival with a c‐index of 0.5890. The 5‐year estimated castration‐resistant prostate cancer/cancer‐specific death rates were 10.3%/6.3% in the low‐risk group, 48.4%/22.2% in the intermediate‐risk group and 81.7%/53.1% in the high‐risk group.ConclusionsThe Korean Cancer Study‐prostate risk classification, a modified Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment model, is a simple scoring model for predicting oncological outcomes after primary androgen deprivation therapy.
Rights to the Oceans: Foundational Arguments Reconsidered
Authors: Nine Cara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines theories of ocean rights based on the works of Hugo Grotius and Samuel von Pufendorf. Grotius's object‐centred view uses features of the natural world to justify claims to external objects. I show that Grotius's view is inadequate, because it relies on an outdated claim that oceanic resources are sufficiently abundant for anybody to use. Further, adaptations of his view are wanting, because they either rely on arbitrary distinctions or disregard the values of cultural minorities. Pufendorf's relational view constructs rights through the exercise of human will. While Pufendorf believes that agreements create rights, he also argues that property rights can be unilaterally acquired from the commons without express consent from others. The relational view is a viable alternative to the object‐centred view, because it both delimits territorial claims over the ocean to a ‘modest’ size and also respects cultural variability. A major aim of this article is to present Pufendorf's theory of territorial rights extended over oceans and to demonstrate how it is useful for assessing contemporary disputes. In the final sections, I apply the relational view to Canadian claims to the Northwest Passage, and I also sketch implications for assessing expanding claims to the seabed.
Sex differences in adherence to antihypertensive treatment in patients aged above 55: The French League Against Hypertension Survey (FLAHS)
Authors: Lefort Mathilde , Neufcourt Lola , Pannier Bruno , Vaïsse Bernard , Bayat Sahar , Grimaud Olivier , Girerd Xavier 
Published: September 2018

Despite the availability of efficient therapies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, poor adherence to antihypertensive (anti‐HTN) drugs is frequent, especially during the first year of treatment and among uncontrolled/resistant hypertensive patients. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with adherence to anti‐HTN treatment and to examine whether they differ across sex. A total of 2743 treated hypertensive participants to the cross‐sectional Metascope survey (France, 2015) aged 55 years or more were included. The authors measured adherence to anti‐HTN treatment using the 6‐item Girerd compliance test. Variations in adherence were examined using the Rao‐Scott statistics and Poisson regression. Overall, 63.6% of participants were adherent to anti‐HTN treatment. Adherence was more frequent among women than men (69% vs 58%, P < 10−4). For both sexes, level of adherence was positively associated with age (P < 10−4), but inversely associated with number of anti‐HTN tablets, number of tablets taken for metabolic diseases, history of cardiovascular diseases, number of other chronic diseases (all P < 10−4). The inverse relationship between adherence and the number of anti‐HTN tablets significantly differed between sexes (P < 10−4): Adherence decreased sharply when taking two or more anti‐HTN tablets in men, whereas the decrease in women was only observed when taking three or more anti‐HTN tablets. This study suggests that adherence to anti‐HTN treatment is higher among women, decreases with the number of tablets prescribed, and differentially so across sex. Reducing the number of tablets for anti‐HTN treatment may improve adherence, especially among men and patients with multiple comorbidities.
The determination of the infectious status and prevalence of motile Aeromonas species isolated from disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and aquarium fish
Authors: Duman Muhammed , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Janda J. Michael , Altun Soner 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of motile Aeromonas spp. that might be pathogenic species for rainbow trout in infected/mix infection cases (based upon different outbreaks on fish farms). A total of 99 motile Aeromonas isolates (and three reference strains) were analysed that were isolated from four different fish species in different sizes of fish (0.1–3,000 g), different months and water temperatures (6.1–21.2°C). The biochemical characteristics of the isolates were determined using conventional tests and a rapid test kit. Additionally, molecular identification was performed using the gyrB housekeeping gene region and with glycerophospholipid‐cholesterol acyltransferase polymerase chain reaction (GCAT‐PCR). The sequencing results obtained from the gyrB gene region were deposited in the GenBank database, and phylogenetic relationships were determined with the BioNumerics 7.6 database. Nearly half of the Aeromonas isolates that were isolated from rainbow trout showing signs of disease were determined to be possible infectious agents. Aeromonas species exhibit biochemical variability for many characters, so some Aeromonas species tested negative for GCAT‐PCR despite that this test was created especially for Aeromonas identification. The phylogenetic tree based upon gyrB contained 10 different phylogroups that were based on 96% cut‐off value in gyrB gene region.
Increased tau phosphorylation follows impeded dopamine clearance in a P301L and novel P301L/COMT‐deleted (DM) tau mouse model
Authors: Koppel Jeremy , Jimenez Heidy , Adrien Leslie , H. Chang Eric , Malhotra Anil K. , Davies Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease, the phosphorylation of tau is a critical event preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Previous work exploring the impact of a dopamine blocking antipsychotic on tau phosphorylation in a tau transgenic model suggested that extracellular dopamine may play a regulatory role in the phosphorylation state of tau. In order to test this hypothesis, and in order to develop a mouse model of impaired dopamine metabolism and tauopathy, an extant P301L transgenic tau model of Alzheimer's disease and a novel P301L/catechol‐O‐methyltransferase deleted model (DM mouse) were treated with the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, and prefrontal dopamine concentrations and the phosphorylated state of tau was quantified. In two experiments, male and female P301L+/+//COMT+/+ and P301L+/+//COMT−/− (DM) mice were treated with reboxetine 20 mg/kg IP. In one experiment, acutely following reboxetine injection, the prefrontal cortex of mice were microdialyzed for dopamine, and its metabolites, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, utilizing the MetaQuant technique. In another experiment, acutely following reboxetine injections, tau phosphorylation was quantified in the frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of the mice. Reboxetine injections were followed by significant increases from baseline in extracellular dopamine concentrations in P301L and DM mice, with significantly higher peak levels in the DM mice. Treatment was also followed by increases in tau phosphorylation spread throughout brain regions, with a larger impact on female mice. Extracellular dopamine concentrations exert an influence on the phosphorylation state of tau, with surges in dopamine associating with acute increases in tau phosphorylation.
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Fluid‐based proteomics targeted on pathophysiological processes and pathologies in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Brinkmalm Ann , Portelius Erik , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Pannee Josef , Dahlén Rahil , Gobom Johan , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeurodegenerative dementias constitute a broad group of diseases in which abnormally folded proteins accumulate in specific brain regions and result in tissue reactions that eventually cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Depending on where in the brain this happens, symptoms appear which may be used to classify the disorders on clinical grounds. However, brain changes in neurodegenerative dementias start to accumulate many years prior to symptom onset and there is a poor correlation between the clinical picture and what pathology that is the most likely to cause it. Thus, novel drug candidates having disease‐modifying effects that is targeting the underlying pathology and changes the course of the disease needs to be defined using objective biomarker‐based measures since the clinical symptoms are often non‐specific and overlap between different disorders. Furthermore, the treatment should ideally be initiated as soon as symptoms are evident or when biomarkers confirm an underlying pathology (pre‐clinical phase of the disease) to reduce irreversible damage to, for example, neurons, synapses and axons. Clinical trials in the pre‐clinical phase bring a greater importance to biomarkers since by definition the clinical effects are difficult or slow to discern in a population that is not yet clinically affected. Here, we discuss neuropathological changes that may underlie neurodegenerative dementias, including how they can be detected and quantified using currently available biofluid‐based biomarkers and how more of them could be identified using targeted proteomics approaches.
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This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
Serum irisin: A prognostic marker for severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Mustafa Amany I. , El‐Shimi Ola S. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease involving pilosebaceous units. Adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue and function as signaling networks communicating it with different organs. They may have role in pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and the associated insulin resistance. Irisin, a hormone like myokine, is one of adipokines with anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐diabetic effects.AimsWe aimed at evaluation of serum irisin level in patients with acne vulgaris to assess its correlation with disease pathogenesis.Patients and MethodsSerum irisin level was measured by an ELISA technique in 60 acne vulgaris patients and 60 apparently healthy controls. Insulin resistance was calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index.ResultsSerum irisin level was significantly lower in acne vulgaris patients than control group (P < 0.001). It showed a significant negative correlation with insulin resistance among patients (P 0.012). Moreover, it was decreasing significantly with the increase in disease severity (P 0.004).ConclusionsOur results revealed that lower serum irisin not only to be a biomarker of disease pathogenesis but also to be a potential prognostic predictor for severity in acne vulgaris.
Seasonal aggravation of acne in summers and the effect of temperature and humidity in a study in a tropical setting
Authors: Narang Isha , Sardana Kabir , Bajpai Ram , Garg Vijay K. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundEffect of seasonality on acne and acne flare has varied interpretations depending on the geographical area of study. In tropical areas, factors like high temperature and humidity may cause acne flares.AimsTo assess the seasonal variation of acne in patients and to correlate it with the monthly temperature and humidity over a period of 1 year.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of acne patients was conducted for one year. The patient's acne was graded. Patients were specifically questioned about aggravation, improvement, or no change in their acne with respect to the seasons. The mean temperature and humidity of each month in Delhi were compared with grade of acne. This variation in acne was correlated with the temperature and humidity. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsOut of 171 patients, 82 (47.95%) patients reported seasonal variation in their acne. Among them, 69 patients (40.4%) reported aggravation in summer. Eleven (6.42%) and 2 (1.16%) patients reported aggravation in winter and rainy season, respectively. The aggravation in summer as compared to rainy and winter season was statistically significant. The mean temperature and mean humidity significantly varied with seasonal aggravation of acne.ConclusionsBoth temperature and humidity have a contributing role in pathogenesis of acne and are causes of acne flare. In our study, aggravation of acne was more in summer and rainy season.
Effect of beta‐glucan supplementation on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and ruminal fermentation in Thai native beef cattle
Authors: Cherdthong Anusorn , Seankamsorn Anuthida , Suriyapha Chaichana , Chanjula Pin , Wanapat Metha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ß‐glucan on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and ruminal fermentation in Thai native beef cattle that were fed low‐quality roughage. Four, Thai native beef cattle with initial body weight (BW) of 100 ± 20.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four treatment by ß‐glucan at 0, 1.6, 3.1 and 4.7 g/day respectively. Supplementation of ß‐glucan at 0–4.7 g in cattle did not affect the intake of DM, OM, CP, NDF or ADF. However, supplementation with ß‐glucan significantly improved rice straw intake (g/kg BW0.75), compared to the nonsupplemented group (p < 0.05), so rice straw intake was higher than in the group without ß‐glucan supplementation. In addition, total feed intake increased with the higher level of ß‐glucan supplementation. The estimated energy intake was not altered by ß‐glucan supplementation (p > 0.05). The experimental diet had no effect (p > 0.05) on the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF or ADF. However, the digestibility of CP was significantly different among treatment and supplementation at 4.7 g/day ß‐glucan which was the highest level (63.2%) among all diets. ß‐glucan supplementation did not affect rumen pH, temperature or ruminal NH3‐N concentration. In addition, blood urea‐N levels were similar among experimental groups. The population of protozoa at 4 hr post‐feeding increased along with ß‐glucan supplementation and was highest at 4.7 g of ß‐glucan. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that supplementation of ß‐glucan at 4.7 g improved rice straw intake, as well as total intake and digestibility of CP in Thai native beef cattle.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric function in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Dostálová Veronika , Kolečkárová Sandra , Kuška Martin , Pretl Martin , Bezdicek Ondrej 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This cross‐sectional, prospective, observational study included 126 patients with sleep apnea. The following tests were performed: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the evaluation of cognitive impairment, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, together with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for the evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms and a person's general level of daytime sleepiness. The first measurement did not show neurocognitive impairment or a higher level of depressive and anxiety symptoms in 126 patients with obstructive sleep apnea in comparison to normative standards. After the 3‐month treatment indicated for 43 patients with obstructive sleep apnea, we did not find any significant improvement in cognitive performance (p = .213). However, patients with sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure treatment did show significantly less daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < .001). In conclusion, short‐term (3 months) treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea can substantially alleviate their daytime sleepiness, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms.