bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and quantification of Salmonella spp. in poultry slaughterhouses of southern Brazil
Authors: Borges Karen Apellanis , Martelo Eduarda Boff , Dos Santos Lilian Andriva , Furian Thales Quedi , Cisco Isabel C , Manto Luciane , Dos Santos Luciana R 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness throughout the world. The use of quantitative techniques is important for assessing the risk and determining the capacity of each step of the slaughtering process to decrease or increase bacterial contamination. We aimed to detect and to quantify the presence of Salmonella in Brazilian processing plants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
Methodology: A total of 139 poultry slaughterhouses samples were collected in order to detect to and quantify Salmonella by qPCR.
Results: Almost all collection points (3/18), except water from pre-chiller tank, carcasses after pre-chiller, and carcasses frozen at -12ºC for 60 days, and 49% (68/139) of samples were positive for Salmonella. Quantification means varied equally among all of the tested sources, and we could not establish any pattern of variation. A large proportion (52.6%) of cloacal swabs was Salmonella-positive. Also, contamination in transport cages was increased after the cleaning process, indicating that the process was ineffective. The overall prevalence in samples obtained during the slaughtering process was 48.9%, and on the whole rinsed carcasses, this proportion was 50%. The detection of Salmonella in frozen carcasses, even after long periods of storage, indicates that the carcasses are a potential source of infection for consumers.
Conclusions: We found that contamination levels remain similar throughout the slaughtering. qPCR proved to be an efficient method for the detection of Salmonella.
Elevated serum levels of adiponectin and interlukin-28B after IFN/RIB therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients
Authors: Sadeghi Kaveh , Ahmadi Vasmehjani Abbas , Baharlou Rasoul , Hajikhezri Zamaneh , Kiani Seyed Jalal 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The interleukin 28B (IL28B) genotype is associated with changes of lipid metabolism in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The association of steatosis with serum levels of adiponectin in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients has also been documented. This study aimed for the evaluation of serum levels of IL28B and adiponectin as well as the association of IL28B SNPs with different clinicopathological parameters in HCV-infected patients.
Methodology: All 142 HCV-infected patients received peg-interferon plus ribavirin. Detection of rs8099917 and rs12979860 IL-28B genotypes was done with specific primers. Serum IL28 and adiponectin levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits.
Results: Higher levels of both IL28 and adiponectin were found in patients. In Genotype 3a (G3a) -infected patients, IL28 and adiponectin serum levels were significantly higher than those infected with G1a. A correlation was found between increasing levels of AST and ALT in G3a-infected patients and the decrease in IL28 and adiponectin serum levels, respectively, in contrast to G1a-infected patients. Higher levels of both IL28 and adiponectin were associated with both CT allele of rs12979860 and TT allele of rs8099917 in patients in comparison with corresponding alleles in controls.
Conclusions: In contrast to other studies, this study showed higher serum adiponectin levels in HCV-infected patients compared to that in healthy controls. This finding is possibly due to adiponectin resistance caused by down-regulation of adiponectin receptors or tumorigenic effects of adiponectin. Our genotype-based analyses revealed, at least in part, the involvement of the viral factors in the outcome of HCV infection.
Should male doctors in Sri Lanka wear a necktie to be recognized and respected?
Authors: Abeysundara Prabath K , Nishad Nilanga , Balendran Karthiha , Pabasara Manod , Bandara Poornima K , Perera Narmada M , De Silva Heshani , De Silva Shamila , Umakanth Maheswaran , Wijesinghe Prasantha 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: European cultural norms have influenced physicians’ attire in Sri Lanka. The necktie is one such item of clothing which is worn to be recognized and respected as professionals. This study was carried out to assess the perceptions of doctors and patients towards male doctors wearing neckties while providing patient care.
Methododology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from doctors and patients.
Results: The study included 105 doctors (57% males) and 333 patients (54% males). Mean ages of the doctors and patients were 37 years (95% C.I. 36-39) and 47 years (95% C.I. 45-49) respectively. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had completed secondary education or above. None of the patients were aware of the risk of spreading infections by wearing a necktie. Of the 41% of doctors who thought it was unnecessary to wear a necktie, 95% believed the necktie can spread infections. Ninety-five percent of patients believed doctors should wear neckties to be identified and respected and to maintain trustworthiness.
Conclusions: None of the patients were aware of the possible risk of spreading infections by wearing a necktie, while most of the doctors who thought neckties were unnecessary also believed neckties can spread infections. Almost all patients thought that doctors should wear a necktie to be recognized and respected. Therefore, implementing a change in dress policy for doctors is a challenging task in Sri Lanka.
How to regulate access and benefit-sharing: Stakeholder insights on provider country legislation
Authors: Sirakaya Ays 
Published: June 2019

The over-arching aim of the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of genetic resources under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol is to enable fair distribution of benefits between the users (such as universities and biotech companies) and providers (such as biodiversity-rich countries) so as to both open the doors for innovation and create incentives for biodiversity conservation.
Access to genetic resources is crucial not only for research related to conservation of genetic resources, but essential to many different research disciplines in general. Therefore, access to genetic resources in general as well as benefit-sharing from that access is a key element of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15 Target 6 of the and in order to secure research as well as environmental sustainability and resource availability.
ABS is a rapidly developing and evolving field that is shaped by the implementation of the Parties. This means that the national implementation of the Parties determines how ABS goals are realised and how ABS principles find form within regulatory mechanisms. These principles are found in international legal documents such as the CBD as well as the Nagoya Protocol. Additionally, decisions and guidelines drafted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity shape these principles that are then to be fulfilled by the Parties when drafting their ABS laws by means of implementing these principles into their national legal systems.
This article reviews a portion of these national ABS laws, implemented by provider countries throughout the world with the aim of describing the different types of regulatory mechanisms provider countries use. This descriptive approach is then followed by an empirical comparative analysis through semi-structured stakeholder interviews in order to identify the most beneficial regulatory mechanisms according to ABS experts that belong in four different stakeholder groups (provider countries, academic users, industrial users and collections).
Improving The Documentation For End Users Of Living Atlases Around The World
Authors: Villaverde Cristina , Lecoq Marie-Elise , Martin David , Figueira Rui , Robertson Tim , García Katia Cezón , Pamerlon Sophie , Vignes Lebbe Régine 
Published: June 2019

A Living Atlas is an informatics infrastructure that aggregates biodiversity data from multiple sources and makes it freely available and usable online. It is based on the Atlas of Living Australia platform and has been adopted since 2014 by numerous GBIF Nodes and other organizations to support integrated access and use of their national biological and environmental information. Its implementation at national level has been justified by the need to provide data services tailored to the specific needs of national users and communities at a level of detail not offered in international portals.
As all these countries and organizations share the same technology to make biodiversity data available, it makes perfect sense to synchronize efforts in producing documentation that can be useful for all of them. The Living Atlases Community has been working on improving the national atlases documentation for end-users during the last year. Efforts were focused in producing two video tutorials Fig. 1 about different components of the Atlas tools and practical online exercises about how to use these data portals. Resources are available in different languages so they can meet the needs of all users.
During this presentation, we will show the videos and make a demonstration of the documentation available. We will also present a draft roadmap for enhancing this important part of the community and collect inputs from participants in the symposium.
Characterization of γδ T Cell Effector/Memory Subsets Based on CD27 and CD45R Expression in Response to Mycobacterium bovis Infection
Authors: Guerra-Maupome Mariana , Palmer Mitchell V , Waters W Ray , McGill Jodi L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine TB and zoonotic TB infection. γδ T cells are known to participate in the immune control of mycobacterial infections. Data in human and nonhuman primates suggest that mycobacterial infection regulates memory/effector phenotype and adaptive immune functions of γδ T cells. To date, the impact of M. bovis infection on bovine γδ T cells and their effector and memory differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we show that circulating γδ T cells from M. bovis–infected cattle can be differentiated based on the expression of CD27, which is indicative of their capacity to respond to virulent M. bovis infection: CD27+ γδ T cells proliferated in response to M. bovis Ag and, thus, may comprise the adaptive γδ T cell compartment in cattle. We further show that bovine M. bovis–specific γδ T cells express surface markers characteristic of central memory T cells (CD45R−CD27+CD62Lhi) and that M. bovis–specific CD4 and γδ T cells both upregulate the expression of the tissue-homing receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 during infection. Our studies contribute significantly to our understanding of γδ T cell differentiation during TB infection and provide important insights into the link between phenotypic and functional subsets in the bovine. Accurate characterization of γδ T cell effector and memory-like responses induced during mycobacterial infection will contribute to improved strategies for harnessing the γδ T cell response in protection against TB for humans and animals.
Effect of antenatal exercise on mode of delivery in gestational diabetic females: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Awad Eman , Ahmed Hamada , Yousef Amal , Saab Ibtissam M. 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common in pregnancy. Maternal consequences might include an increased rate of caesarean delivery. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an exercise program on the mode of delivery in gestational diabetic females.MethodsA prospective, randomized, single-blind, pre-post-test, controlled trial was performed. Overall, 60 pregnant females with GDM were included, at their 20–24 weeks of gestation, aged 25–35 years, with body mass index not exceeding 40 kg/m2. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups: group A, undergoing an exercise program with a moderately restricted diet and insulin therapy, and group B (control group), receiving solely the same diet protocol with insulin therapy.ResultsThe chi-square test revealed significant differences between the groups in the mode of delivery (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with a significant decrease in caesarean deliveries in group A. Group A showed a statistically significant difference in neonates’ Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minute of life (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the participants in group B.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that antenatal exercises can be considered effective in decreasing labour complications and shifting the mode of delivery towards normal, complication-free delivery in females with GDM and their offspring.
Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice-nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer
Authors: Irish Victoria E. , Hanna Sarah J. , Xi Yu , Boyer Matthew , Polishchuk Elena , Ahmed Mohamed , Chen Jessie , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Gosselin Michel , Chang Rachel , Miller Lisa A. , Bertram Allan K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Despite growing evidence that the ocean is an important
source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the atmosphere, our
understanding of the properties and concentrations of INPs in ocean surface
waters remains limited. We have investigated INPs in sea surface microlayer
and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer
of 2016. Consistent with our 2014 studies, we observed that INPs were
ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk seawaters; heat and filtration
treatments reduced INP activity, indicating that the INPs were likely
heat-labile biological materials between 0.22 and 0.02 µm in diameter;
there was a strong negative correlation between salinity and freezing
temperatures; and concentrations of INPs could not be explained by
chlorophyll a concentrations. Unique in the current study, the spatial
distributions of INPs were similar in 2014 and 2016, and the concentrations
of INPs were strongly correlated with meteoric water (terrestrial runoff
plus precipitation). These combined results suggest that meteoric water may
be a major source of INPs in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in
this region, or meteoric water may be enhancing INPs in this region by
providing additional nutrients for the production of marine microorganisms.
In addition, based on the measured concentrations of INPs in the microlayer
and bulk seawater, we estimate that the concentrations of INPs from the
ocean in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer range from approximately
10−4 to <10-6 L−1 at −10 ∘C.
Seasonal features and origins of carbonaceous aerosols at Syowa Station, coastal Antarctica
Authors: Hara Keiichiro , Sudo Kengo , Ohnishi Takato , Osada Kazuo , Yabuki Masanori , Shiobara Masataka , Yamanouchi Takashi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We have measured black carbon (BC) concentrations at
Syowa Station, Antarctica, since February 2005. The measured BC
concentrations in 2005–2016 were corrected to equivalent BC (EBC)
concentrations using Weingartner's method. Seasonal features of EBC
concentrations, long-range transport from mid-latitudes to the Antarctic
coast, and their origins were characterized. Results show that daily median
EBC concentrations were below the detection limit (0.2 ng m−3) to 63.8 ng m−3
at Syowa Station (median, 1.8 ng m−3; mean, 2.7 ng m−3
during the measurement period of February 2005–December 2016). Although
seasonal features and year-to-year variations in EBC concentrations were
observed, no long-term trend of EBC concentrations was clear during our
measurement period. Seasonal features of EBC concentrations showed a spring
maximum during September–October at Syowa Station. To elucidate EBC
transport processes, origins, and the potential source area (PSA), we
compared EBC data to backward trajectory analysis and chemical transport
model simulation. From comparison with backward trajectory, high EBC
concentrations were found in air masses from the marine boundary layer. This
finding implies that transport via the marine boundary layer was the most
important transport pathway to EBC concentrations at Antarctic coasts. Some
EBC was supplied to the Antarctic region by transport via the upper free
troposphere. Chemical transport model simulation demonstrated that the most
important origins and PSA of EBC at Syowa Station were biomass burning in
South America and southern Africa. Fossil fuel combustion in South America
and southern Africa also have important contributions. The absorption
Ångström exponent (AAE) showed clear seasonal features with 0.5–1.0
during April–October and maximum (1.0–1.5) in December–February. The AAE
features might be associated with organic aerosols and mixing states of EBC.
Caracterización clínica epidemiológica de los primeros casos zika en El Salvador, 2015-2016.
Authors: Elmer Mendoza Ana María Barrientos, Carlos Hernández, 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Describir el cuadro clínico epidemiológico de los primeros casos de infección por virus del zika en población adulta. Metodología. En el periodo de noviembre 2015 a febrero 2016 se eligieron dos centros hospitalarios del área de San Salvador, El Salvador con mayores informes de casos de sospecha de zika; se creó una ficha para colectar la información epidemiológica y clínica a partir de los expedientes clínicos de casos sospechosos, se tomaron muestras séricas que fueron procesadas por reacción de cadena de la polimerasa reversa en tiempo real. Resultados. Se identificaron 102 casos sospechosos de zika, de los cuales se confirmaron 35 por pruebas moleculares. El 60% fueron del sexo masculino con una edad promedio de 39.9 ± 8.6 años. El cuadro clínico en los pacientes confirmados fue caracterizado por exantema y fiebre en el 90% de los casos. Prurito y poliartralgias el 80% de los casos. El tipo de exantema fue maculopapular y generalizado sin un patrón de progresión en el 80% de los casos. Conclusiones.Se confirmó la presencia del virus del zika en un tercio de los pacientes sospechosos y el cuadro clínico se caracterizó por los síntomas: fiebre, exantema de tipo maculopapular generalizado y prurito.
Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 54-61
Palabras claves: virus zika, flavivirus, arbovirosis, enfermedades transmitidas por vectores.
Advisering door het EHRM in civiele zaken
Authors: Valk Johan 
Published: June 2019

Advisering door het EHRM in civiele zaken
Vanaf 1 juni 2019 kan de Hoge Raad het EHRM in concrete zaken vragen om een (prejudicieel) advies uit te brengen. Wat betekent dit voor civiele zaken? Dit artikel biedt een overzicht. Aan de orde komen onder meer het adviesverzoek door de Hoge Raad, de procedure bij het EHRM en de procedure na advisering door het EHRM.
Het onderliggende conflict: afblijven of uitdiepen?
Authors: Verschoof Rick 
Published: June 2019

Het onderliggende conflict: afblijven of uitdiepen?
Op de comparitie na antwoord besteden de civiele rechter en de kantonrechter tegenwoordig vaker aandacht aan het conflict. Het ‘conflict’ als tegenhanger van het ‘geschil’. Hoe maken rechters hun keuze om dat al dan niet te doen? Hoe diep gaat hun aandacht? Beheersen zij de grondbeginselen van het conflictgesprek? Wat vinden partijen van het optreden van de rechters op dit gebied? De antwoorden staan in dit artikel en uitgebreider in het boek Geschikt of niet geschikt van Rick Verschoof en Wibo van Rossum.
Trânsitos contingentes de obediência e desvio na ordem laica das beguinas em Na casa de Julho e Agosto, de Maria Gabriela Llansol
Authors: Moreira Maria Edinara Leão 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo constitui-se de algumas observações sobre a escritora portuguesa Maria Gabriela Llansol na narrativa Na casa de Julho e Agosto, publicada em 1984. Dessa forma, pretende-se investigar a ordem laica das beguinas e suas correspondências na ficção llansoliana e na historiografia oficial. Para isso, será analisada a temática do exílio, das peregrinações e da heresia, movimentos dentro da ordem. Metodologicamente, o estudo constitui-se em análise hermenêutica, com abordagem qualitativa a partir da técnica da revisão bibliográfica. O presente artigo terá como principal embasamento teórico Lieve Troch (2009), em Mística feminina na Idade Média e Nachman Falbel (1971), em As heresias dos séculos XII e XIII. Algumas conclusões apontam os diferentes quadrantes da ordem leiga das beguinas, suas situações dentro e fora dos beguinários, o modo de vida firmado no modelo de autogestão financeira, no trabalho e nas simbologias religiosas.
Le biais de confirmation en recherche
Authors: Larivée Serge , Sénéchal Carole , St-Onge Zoé , Sauvé Mathieu-Robert 
Published: June 2019

Cet article traite du biais de confirmation dans le domaine de la recherche. Dans la première partie, nous présentons le critère de réfutabilité comme le meilleur antidote contre ce problème. Par la suite, nous abordons quatre aspects de la culture scientifique susceptibles d’alimenter le biais de confirmation en recherche : l’impératif de publication (Publish or Perish), la valorisation des résultats positifs dans les revues savantes, la rareté des études de reproductibilité, une condition pourtant essentielle de la méthode scientifique, certains aspects de la recherche qualitative. Dans la dernière partie, nous illustrons la nature du biais de confirmation en recherche à l’aide de quatre exemples.
Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Huang Lin , Wang Teng , Wu Qian , Dong Xin , Shen Feifei , Liu Dong , Qin Xiaoxuan , Yan Lanyun , Wan Qi 
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims
Recent evidence suggest that microbiota is associated with almost all major types of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in Acute Cerebral Infarction remains unexplored. It is important to understand the diversity and distribution of gut microbiota (GM) in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and the role that GM plays in this type of disease.

Methods
We performed pyrosequencing on the gut microbiota of 40 individuals in order to elucidate whether the composition of the microbiota differs between patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and healthy controls: Of these individuals, there were 31 with Acute Cerebral Infarction and nine controls. We applied linear regression to calculate the correlation between the gut flora and disease risk factors. Finally, KEGG functional enrichment analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the gut flora and Acute Cerebral Infarction.

Results
The overall microbial structure was similar in both the controls and the patients, but the control group had higher relative presence of Blautia obeum while the presence of Streptococcus infantis and Prevotella copri were relatively higher in the patient group. Using linear regression, we found that Blautia obeum was negatively associated with white blood cell count and Streptococcus infantis was positively correlated with creatinine and lipoprotein. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the bio-pathways including methane metabolism, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, bacterial secretion, and flagellar assembly of the gut microbiota in the patient group was expressed differently than that of the controls. We identified three differentially expressed gut microbial functions in Acute Cerebral Infarction and found four bacterial pathways that might be related to the development of this disease.

Conclusions
Our study identified three abnormally-expressed bacteria—Blautia obeum, Streptococcus infantis, and Prevotella copri—in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction compared with healthy controls. It reveals a correlation of these bacterial species with Acute Cerebral Infarction as they relate to disease factors and functional pathways. These findings may shed light on the treatment of cerebral infarction because gut microbiota could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.