bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection, Collection, Transport, and Processing of Specimens for Viral Diagnosis
Authors: Graf Erin H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Optimal use of all diagnostic testing for viral infections, but especially recovery of viruses in culture, requires careful consideration of preanalytical factors, including selection, collection, transport, assessment, and processing of patient specimens. Specimen selection relates to more than just the specimen type or source; it also includes the appropriate clinical indications for which virus culture may be warranted. The laboratory must provide written guidelines to collection sites detailing which viruses can and should be tested by the laboratory, including specific information on the limitations of virus culture‐based methods compared to molecular and/or immunologic testing, as well as instructions for submitting specimens. It is important to ensure that the collection facility has access to all required transport media and has processes in place to store the media under required conditions, with appropriate quality assurance mechanisms in place.
Synchronization of Neural Networks With Unbounded and Non‐Differentiable Delays via Decentralized Adaptive Control
Authors: Cai Rui , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSynchronization of delayed neural networks has been investigated in recent years via decentralized adaptive control methods. However, the effectiveness of the reported results heavily depends on the assumptions that network delays are bounded or differentiable. For more general cases involving unbounded and non‐differentiable delays, it remains unclear whether the existing analytical methods and controller designs are still effective. To this end, in this article, a novel method is established to analyze the asymptotical convergence of the controlled error system with adaptive parameters by employing the differential inequality techniques for unbounded delay and Barbalat's lemma, which can effectively overcome the limitations of traditional methods in handling general delay scenarios. The theoretical results demonstrate that traditional decentralized adaptive controller for network synchronization remains effective even if the boundedness and differentiability of delay are removed. A numerical simulation further validates the effectiveness of the proposed theories.
Transfer of Millimeter‐Scale Strained Multiferroic Epitaxial Thin Films on Rigid Substrates via an Epoxy Method Producing Magnetic Property Enhancement
Authors: Barnard James P. , Zhang Yizhi , Quigley Lizabeth , Shen Jianan , Tsai Benson Kunhung , Chhabra Max R. , Noh Jiho , Jung Hyunseung , Mitrofanov Oleg , Sarma Raktim , Siddiqui Aleem , Brener Igal , Doiron Chloe F. , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe demonstration of epitaxial thin film transfer has enormous potential for thin film devices free from the traditional substrate epitaxy limitations. However, large‐area continuous film transfer remains a challenge for the commonly reported polymer‐based transfer methods due to bending and cracking during transfer, especially for highly strained epitaxial thin films. In this work, a new epoxy‐based, rigid transfer method is used to transfer films from an SrTiO3 (STO) growth substrate onto various new substrates, including those that will typically pose significant problems for epitaxy. An epitaxial multiferroic Bi3Fe2Mn2Ox (BFMO) layered supercell (LSC) material is selected as the thin film for this demonstration. The results of surface and structure studies show an order of magnitude increase in the continuous area of transferred films when compared to previous transfer methods. The magnetic properties of the BFMO LSC films are shown to be enhanced by the release of strain in this method, and ferromagnetic resonance is found with an exceptionally low Gilbert damping coefficient. The large‐area transfer of this highly strained complex oxide BFMO thin film presents enormous potential for the integration of many other multifunctional oxides onto new substrates for future magnetic sensors and memory devices.
Comprehensive Insights into Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Maoting , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous potassium‐ion batteries (AKIBs) with mild aqueous electrolytes can significantly mitigate the safety and environmental issues raised from traditional nonaqueous batteries, positioning them as promising candidates for grid‐scale applications. Nonetheless, the progression of AKIBs is currently impeded by the insufficient energy density, largely attributed to the limited voltage window of aqueous electrolytes. This review aims to introduce foundational knowledge about aqueous batteries, illustrates recent advancements in AKIBs, and offers valuable perspectives on designing electrode materials and optimizing electrolytes. To provide a systematic overview, the focus is on the following seven key sections: i) development history, ii) electrode materials, iii) electrolyte design, iv) current collectors, v) aqueous interphase chemistry, vi) full cell configurations, and vii) future prospects. Finally, constructive insights and suggestions are provided for the development of AKIBs with higher energy density.
Liver Structure and Function in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi, in Response to Reduced Fish Meal Diets
Authors: Crowe Benjamin H. , Harris James O. , McWhorter Todd J. , Bansemer Matthew S. , Stone David A. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlterations to lipid storage, and the consequent effects on liver structure, need to be considered when replacing wild‐derived fish meal (wd‐FM) with alternative ingredients in formulated diets for commercially aquacultured species. The replacement of wd‐FM is likely to alter the available level of precursors for bile acid production, potentially impacting the absorption of dietary lipids and fat‐soluble vitamins. In this 252‐day study, Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi (2.52 ± 0.25 kg; 546 ± 20 mm [fork length; mean ± standard deviation]) were fed five different diets. A 30% wd‐FM diet served as a control. Dietary wd‐FM inclusions were reduced to 20% and 10%, replaced with FM by‐product meal. In addition, dietary wd‐FM levels were reduced to 20% and replaced with poultry meal (PM) or soy protein concentrate (SPC) in two other separate diets. Fat deposition in the liver was similar amongst all treatment groups with bile duct proliferation and periductular fibrosis observed in the livers of fish fed diets with wd‐FM replacement with 10% PM or 10% SPC. Fish fed FM by‐product meal at 10% and 20% replacement displayed similar liver structures to control fish. Yellowtail Kingfish fed a 30% wd‐FM diet may have the FM replaced by up to 66.67% FM by‐product, 33.3% PM or 33.3% SPC without any significant impact on total bile acid synthesis, storage and excretion and liver lipid storage. This research expands our ability to deliver cost‐effective nutritional solutions in support of Yellowtail Kingfish culture.
Gonadal Mosaicism for an ASH1L Intragenic Deletion Makes a Bridge Between MRD52 and 1q22 Microdeletion
Authors: Di Muro Ester , Petracca Antonio , Castori Marco , Palumbo Orazio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTASH1L gene encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase, highly expressed in both embryonic and adult human brain. De novo loss‐of‐function variants in ASH1L are described in an ultrarare monogenic neurodevelopmental disorder, previously called mental retardation type 52 (MRD52). At the same time, a few cases are reported in the literature and DECIPHER with 1q22 microdeletions spanning ASH1L. We report three siblings presenting non‐syndromic intellectual disability (ID) and an ASH1L intragenic deletion extending from exons 2 to 12 detected at SNP‐array. Both parents resulted noncarrier suggesting gonadal/gonosomal mosaicism in one of the parents. This observation restricted the smallest region of overlap of the 1q22 microdeletion to ASH1L, and allowed to consider MRD52 and 1q22 microdeletion the same ASH1L‐related neurodevelopmental disorder. We also reported the first example of gonadal/gonosomal mosaicism for an ASH1L deleterious variant, a fact that should generate the suspicion of recurrence also in sporadic cases of ASH1L‐related neurodevelopmental disorder.
Advance care planning in adults ages 80 years and older with impaired cognition: Using actual conversations to examine best practices
Authors: Abshire Saylor Martha , Hanna Valecia , Zhang Peiyuan , Thai Glory Huynh , Green Chase Mulholland , Cagle John G. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecommendations for advance care planning (ACP) in persons with cognitive impairment are based on expert input without insight from actual ACP conversations.METHODSWe used thematic analysis to analyze transcripts of ACP conversations for 88 older adults with normal cognition (n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (n = 13), and scores consistent with dementia (n = 60).RESULTSPatients with dementia were least verbally active; however, some shared values and identified surrogates. We identified three themes: (1) cognitive impairment inhibits participation in ACP, but individuals with dementia are able to contribute; (2) care partners have a key role in supporting ACP across the spectrum of cognitive impairment; and (3) structured questions about values and tailored communication strategies can facilitate engagement of older adults with dementia.DISCUSSIONOur findings reinforce best practice recommendations for early ACP and identify strategies to increase patient engagement among older adults with cognitive impairment with support of care partners.Highlights
Data from actual ACP conversations involving older adults with a range of cognitive function and their care partners reinforce best practice recommendations and suggest practical implications for education and training.
Family involvement in ACP was valued by older adults and improved engagement.
ACP initiatives should prioritize eliciting values of older adults with dementia and improving skills for communication to increase engagement.
A Turn‐On Fluorescence Probe Based on GSH‐Protected Silver Nanoclusters for the Selective Detection of Pb2+
Authors: Yang Taiqun , Li Lei , Ye Cheng , Ma Chaoqun , Gao Hui , Zhu Chun , Chen Guoqing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlutathione‐protected silver nanoclusters (GSH‐AgNCs) with good photostability were successfully synthesized through a one‐pot heating process. The resultant GSH‐AgNCs with an average diameter of ~1.6 nm exhibit red fluorescence (λem = 650 nm), and the fluorescence is excitation independent. Strong aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect was observed in GSH‐AgNCs, which can be induced by solvent and metal ions. In particular, a specific fluorescence enhancement was detected upon interaction with lead ions (Pb2+). A fluorescent probe was designed for off–on detection of Pb2+ based on as‐synthesized GSH‐AgNCs. Under the optimum parameters, two linear response intervals were found between the relative fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Pb2+ in the range of 10–250 μM (R2 = 0.9900) and 400–1000 μM (R2 = 0.9930). Significant fluorescence color evolutions observed under UV light, resulting in a semiquantitative visual detection of Pb2+. A possible detection mechanism based on the interaction between GSH‐AgNCs and Pb2+ is discussed.
Increased Mevalonate Production Using Engineered Citrate Synthase and Phosphofructokinase Variants of Escherichia coli
Authors: Dodelin Jeffrey K. , Rose Abigail E. , Rajpurohit Hemshikha , Eiteman Mark A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMevalonate is a biochemical precursor to a wide range of isoprenoids. The mevalonate pathway uses three moles of acetyl‐CoA, and therefore native pathways which metabolize acetyl‐CoA compete with mevalonate synthesis. Moreover, the final step in mevalonate formation, mediated by hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, requires NADPH as a co‐substrate. This study focuses on chromosomal modification of citrate synthase (GltA) involved in acetyl‐CoA utilization and phosphofructokinase (PfkA) involved in NADPH formation to increase the yield and productivity of mevalonate in Escherichia coli overexpressing the three genes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway. Nine GltA variants were compared for mevalonate production with the ΔgltA knockout and the wild‐type GltA strain in shake flasks in the absence and presence of casamino acids. In the presence of casamino acids, all variants generated mevalonate at a greater yield than the wild‐type control, but less than the GltA knockout. In the absence of casamino acids, the strain expressing wild‐type GltA generated the greatest yield of mevalonate, while most variants instead accumulated primarily acetate. Using the wild‐type strain and two citrate synthase variants, four phosphofructokinase variants were also compared with the ΔpfkA knockout and the wild‐type strain, but PfkA variants generated less mevalonate than the corresponding wild‐type PfkA strain. Controlled processes at the 1‐liter scale comparing five strains demonstrated the inverse relationship between yield and productivity, with the GltA[K167A] variant showing the best balance for the yield (0.20 g/g) and productivity (0.87 g/L h). A nitrogen‐limited process using the GltA[K167A] variant generated 36.9 g/L mevalonate in 31 h at a yield of 0.31 g/g. This study demonstrates that GltA variants offer a means to affect intracellular acetyl‐CoA pools for the generation of acetyl‐CoA derived products and that the acetyl‐CoA pool rather than NADPH availability is the important limiting factor for mevalonate production.
New insights into the phylogenetic relationships of tribe Astragaleae (Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae) and Astragalus—the largest genus of angiosperm
Authors: Duan Lei , Su Chun , Wen Jun , Ji Yu‐Wen , Jiang Yan , Zhang Ting , Charboneau Joseph L. M. , Fu Lin , Yi Qi‐Fei , Wang Fa‐Guo , Tu Tie‐Yao , Li Shi‐Jin , Jiang Kai‐Wen , Fang Yu‐Han , Chen Hong‐Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAstragaleae is one of the largest tribes in the legume family, harboring the most species‐rich genus in Angiosperm, Astragalus. The tribal and generic delimitation of Astragaleae remains unclear. With samples from 19 genera/dubious genera of the tribe represented by 272 species, as well as with nuclear and chloroplast data, we re‐delimited and described the tribe based on the Erophaca‐Astragalean clade. We recognized 16 genera within Astragaleae: Astragalus, Biserrula, Carmichaelia, Clianthus, Colutea, Eremosparton, Erophaca, Lessertia, Montigena, Oxytropis, Phyllolobium, Podlechiella, Smirnowia, Sphaerophysa, Streblorrhiza, and Swainsona, and a generic key was proposed. Our results may lay a foundation for future studies on the taxonomy and biogeography of Astragaleae, and deepen the public's understanding of angiosperm diversity.
Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Double Helix from a Tetrapeptide and Direct Visualization by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Rancan Marzio , Bisello Annalisa , Carlotto Silvia , Basagni Andrea , Schiesari Renato , Kumar Mondal Pradip , Formaggio Fernando , Santi Saverio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reports single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), and quantum mechanics calculations of the 310‐helical peptide Z‐(Aib)2‐L–Dap(Boc)‐Aib‐NHiPr (Aib, α‐aminoisobutyric acid; Dap, 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid; Z, benzyloxycarbonyl; Boc, t‐butoxycarbonyl). The peptide forms a double‐helical superstructure, studied by XRD and STM. Such architecture is rare in short peptides. Here, we show, by combining XRD and STM that this intriguing conformational feature is not driven by crystal packing; rather, it is an intrinsic property of this peptide. Indeed, the double helix is clearly detected also by STM, where crystal packing cannot be invoked. XRD reveals that intermolecular H‐bonds stabilize two left‐handed supra‐helices (tertiary structure) that develop around a 6‐fold screw axis. Then, two supra‐helices are intertwined in a quaternary structure as a left‐handed, double supra‐helix, where C−H⋯π interactions play a crucial role. STM images show the formation of long, isolated “necklaces” (>110 nm). They are of left and right helical handedness. Their size agrees with the XRD finding. DFT calculations allowed us to weigh the contribution of the different intermolecular interactions in the two single supra‐helices and the supramolecular double‐helix. Interestingly, we were able to conclude that the contribution of the C−H⋯π interactions to the binding energies is close to 50 %.
Directly Fused Porphyrin‐Tetracyanopentacenequinone Conjugates: Role of the Cross‐Conjugated, Powerful Electron Acceptor in Promoting Highly Efficient Charge Separation
Authors: Kaswan Ram R. , Washburn Spenser , Oji Uka , Wang Hong , D'Souza Francis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTetracyanopentacenequinone, a powerful electron acceptor, is fused directly to the porphyrin π‐system to create a new class of donor‐acceptor conjugates. Owing to the direct fusion and electron‐deficient property of tetracyanopentacenequinone, strong intramolecular charge transfer both in the ground and excited states was witnessed. As a control, porphyrin fused with pentacenequinone was also investigated. Upon complete spectral and electrochemical characterization, the excited state properties were initially probed by time‐dependent DFT studies, and the occurrence of electron transfer from different excited states was established. Free‐energy calculations revealed higher exothermic electron transfer (>600 mV) than the control pentacenequinone‐porphyrin systems. Pump‐probe studies covering broad spatial and temporal regions revealed efficient excited state charge separation. This was unlike the control pentacenequinone‐porphyrin system, where slow charge separation was witnessed only in the case of the zinc derivatives but not the free‐base ones, followed by the populating of the triplet excited state. The lifetimes of the charge‐separated states ranged between 30–500 ps depending on the solvent and metal ion in the porphyrin cavity. Nanosecond transient absorption studies established the charge recombination path to populate the triplet state of porphyrin or directly to the ground state as a function of solvent polarity and the nature of the conjugate. The significance of cross‐conjugated tetracyanopentacenequinone fused directly to the porphyrin π system in promoting highly exothermic and efficient charge separation, irrespective of its cross conjugation, is borne out from this study.
Assessment of detoxification enzymes in pyrethroid‐resistant Listronotus maculicollis Kirby suggests additional mechanisms
Authors: Price Garrett Y. , McGraw Benjamin A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a pressing issue in urban pest management. The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is a highly destructive turfgrass pest in northeastern North America. The overuse of pyrethroids has led to resistance in some ABW populations in the northeastern United States. Understanding ABW resistance mechanisms is pivotal for sustaining turf quality and minimizing environmental impact. This study investigated the potential for enzymatic detoxification, a common resistance mechanism in insects, to be the mechanism behind ABW tolerance to pyrethroids. Different ABW populations’ resistance levels to bifenthrin were determined through dose–response Petri dish assays. Cytochrome P450 activity and protein concentrations were measured following bifenthrin exposure. Results indicated golf course‐specific effects on enzyme and protein levels but found no direct correlation between these levels and bifenthrin dosage. P450 activity varied among different golf course populations, showing no dependence on bifenthrin dosage. These findings question prior studies suggesting P450 involvement in bifenthrin detoxification in populations of all resistance levels. This study establishes a foundation for comprehending ABW resistance mechanisms and devising effective management strategies. However, further research is needed to investigate additional detoxification enzymes and other resistance mechanisms.
Does Metabolic Manager Show Encouraging Outcomes in Alzheimer's?: Challenges and Opportunity for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b Inhibitors
Authors: Singh Ritu , Jain Smita , Paliwal Vartika , Verma Kanika , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1b) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) enzyme group and encoded as PTP1N gene. Studies have evidenced an overexpression of the PTP1b enzyme in metabolic syndrome, anxiety, schizophrenia, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. PTP1b inhibitor negatively regulates insulin and leptin pathways and has been explored as an antidiabetic agent in various clinical trials. Notably, the preclinical studies have shown that recuperating metabolic dysfunction and dyshomeostasis can reverse cognition and could be a possible approach to mitigate multifaceted Alzheimer's disease (AD). PTP1b inhibitor thus has attracted attention in neuroscience, though the development is limited to the preclinical stage, and its exploration in large clinical trials is warranted. This review provides an insight on the development of PTP1b inhibitors from different sources in diabesity. The crosstalk between metabolic dysfunction and insulin insensitivity in AD and type‐2 diabetes has also been highlighted. Furthermore, this review presents the significance of PTP1b inhibition in AD based on pathophysiological facets, and recent evidences from preclinical and clinical studies.
Thinning enhances whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) growth and resin duct defenses
Authors: Kichas Nickolas E. , Shanahan Erin K. , Hood Sharon M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is an important component of high‐elevation ecosystems throughout the northern Rocky Mountains; however, the species was recently listed as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act due to widespread mortality throughout its native range. Land managers tasked with whitebark pine conservation and restoration require information on strategies that can positively influence whitebark pine establishment and promote growth and defense of preexisting trees on the landscape. Our study investigated the response of whitebark pine tree growth and resin duct defenses to thinning and removal of competing shade‐tolerant conifers in the Caribou‐Targhee National Forest, Idaho, USA. In the nine years following thinning treatments, we found that whitebark pine trees (>12.7 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) responded favorably to thinning and experienced a 60% increase in basal area increment (52% increase in ring width index) while also producing 34% more resin ducts. Additionally, resin ducts were 23% larger with 49% increased area in the nine years post‐thinning compared with trees in the control. Small diameter (<5 cm dbh) whitebark pine in the treatment experienced a dramatic growth release with over 90% increase in basal area increment (74% increase in ring width index). Thinning also created conditions favorable for whitebark pine seedling and sapling establishment. In the treatment, 75% of seedlings and 93% of saplings were whitebark pine, compared with 32% seedlings and 14% saplings in the control. In addition, 93% of overstory trees in the treatment were whitebark pine, compared with 42% in the control. Whitebark pine tree mortality was similar across both the control (26%) and the treatment (25%), indicating that the thinning treatments did not have any adverse impacts on tree mortality. The positive effects of thinning on whitebark pine establishment and tree growth, coupled with the lack of elevated mortality in the treatment, provide strong evidence in support of thinning as a viable silvicultural technique in whitebark pine conservation efforts.