bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal fates and impacts of nitrogen additions on temperate forest carbon storage: a data–model comparison
Authors: Cheng Susan J. , Hess Peter G. , Wieder William R. , Thomas R. Quinn , Nadelhoffer Knute J. , Vira Julius , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Gundersen Per , Fernandez Ivan J. , Schleppi Patrick , Gruselle Marie-Cécile , Moldan Filip , Goodale Christine L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. To accurately capture the impacts of nitrogen (N) on the land
carbon (C) sink in Earth system models, model responses to both N limitation
and ecosystem N additions (e.g., from atmospheric N deposition and
fertilizer) need to be evaluated. The response of the land C sink to N
additions depends on the fate of these additions: that is, how much of the
added N is lost from the ecosystem through N loss pathways or recovered and
used to increase C storage in plants and soils. Here, we evaluate the C–N
dynamics of the latest version of a global land model, the Community Land
Model version 5 (CLM5), and how they vary when ecosystems have large N
inputs and losses (i.e., an open N cycle) or small N inputs and losses
(i.e., a closed N cycle). This comparison allows us to identify potential
improvements to CLM5 that would apply to simulated N cycles along the
open-to-closed spectrum. We also compare the short- (< 3 years) and
longer-term (5–17 years) N fates in CLM5 against observations from 13
long-term 15N tracer addition experiments at eight temperate forest
sites. Simulations using both open and closed N cycles overestimated plant N
recovery following N additions. In particular, the model configuration with
a closed N cycle simulated that plants acquired more than twice the amount
of added N recovered in 15N tracer studies on short timescales (CLM5:
46±12 %; observations: 18±12 %; mean across sites
±1 standard deviation) and almost twice as much on longer timescales
(CLM5: 23±6 %; observations: 13±5 %). Soil N recoveries
in simulations with closed N cycles were closer to observations in the short term
(CLM5: 40±10 %; observations: 54±22 %) but smaller
than observations in the long term (CLM5: 59±15 %; observations:
69±18 %). Simulations with open N cycles estimated similar
patterns in plant and soil N recovery, except that soil N recovery was also
smaller than observations in the short term. In both open and closed sets of
simulations, soil N recoveries in CLM5 occurred from the cycling of N
through plants rather than through direct immobilization in the soil, as is
often indicated by tracer studies. Although CLM5 greatly overestimated plant
N recovery, the simulated increase in C stocks to recovered N was not much
larger than estimated by observations, largely because the model's assumed
C:N ratio for wood was nearly half that suggested by measurements at the
field sites. Overall, results suggest that simulating accurate ecosystem
responses to changes in N additions requires increasing soil competition for
N relative to plants and examining model assumptions of C:N
stoichiometry, which should also improve model estimates of other
terrestrial C–N processes and interactions.
What's streamflow got to do with it? A probabilistic simulation of the competing oceanographic and fluvial processes driving extreme along-river water levels
Authors: Serafin Katherine A. , Ruggiero Peter , Parker Kai , Hill David F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Extreme water levels generating flooding in estuarine and coastal environments are often driven by compound events, where many individual processes such as waves, storm surge, streamflow, and tides coincide. Despite this, extreme water levels are typically modeled in isolated open-coast or estuarine environments, potentially mischaracterizing the true risk of flooding facing coastal communities. This paper explores the variability of extreme water levels near the tribal community of La Push, within the Quileute Indian Reservation on the Washington state coast, where a river signal is apparent in tide gauge measurements during high-discharge events. To estimate the influence of multiple forcings on high water levels a hybrid modeling framework is developed, where probabilistic simulations of joint still water level and river discharge occurrences are merged with a hydraulic model that simulates along-river water levels. This methodology produces along-river water levels from thousands of combinations of events not necessarily captured in the observational records. We show that the 100-year still water level event and the 100-year discharge event do not always produce the 100-year along-river water level. Furthermore, along specific sections of river, both still water level and discharge are necessary for producing the 100-year along-river water level. Understanding the relative forcing driving extreme water levels along an ocean-to-river gradient will help communities within inlets better understand their risk to the compounding impacts of various environmental forcing, which is important for increasing their resilience to future flooding events.
Antecedents of Job Crafting Behavior within Organizations: The Role of Personal Resources, Job Resources and Perceived Opportunities to Craft in Employees Proactive Behavior
Authors: Van Wingerden Jessica , Poell Rob F 
Published: July 2019

This study examines the impact of personal resources and job resources on employees’ perceived opportunities to craft and job crafting behavior. Based on research following the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) theory, we hypothesize that personal resources (i.e., resilience and self-efficacy) and job resources (i.e., developmental opportunities and feedback) have a positive relationship with employees’ perceived opportunities to craft and actual job crafting behavior in multiple and interrelated ways. We collected data among employees working in various organizations and occupations in The Netherlands (N=810), and tested the hypothesized multiple mediation model using structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses. The outcomes of the study increase our knowledge of the factors affecting job crafting behavior within organizations – including employee perceptions (perceived opportunities to craft), employee characteristics (personal resources), and work characteristics (job resources). Combining these antecedents, this study may help to better understand and to stimulate job crafting behavior at work.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON STRATEGIC HRM: TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL MINDSET
Authors: Hosain Md Sajjad 
Published: July 2019

The academic community and organizations practicing proper human resource management has experienced the transformation of conventional human resource management into a more strategy oriented, knowledge based human resource management termed as strategic human resource management. At present, HRM is not merely a department but also an inevitable strategic partner of the organizations. Information played a key role in this journey of this transformation with the support of technology and termed as HRIS. The management and use of HRIS have enriched the collection, store, utilization and sharing of information resources. The paper highlights the contribution of HRIS towards SHRM and argues that its appropriate management can add the value to SHRM. In addition, the paper also points out a few limitations of HRIS and how the future workplaces might look like. The paper is expected to contribute to the existing literature through some new directional and contributive discussions.
Equilibrio y realización: William Chittick sobre el sí y el cosmos
Authors: Rustom Mohammed 
Published: July 2019

Resumen: William Chittick, actualmente profesor distinguido en la Universidad de Nueva York (Stony Brook), es un experto y reconocido especialista en Pensamiento islámico. Sus contribuciones al campo del Sufismo y la Filosofía islámica han contribuido a pintar un cuadro claro del paisaje espiritual e intelectual de la civilización islámica desde el siglo VII/XIII en adelante. Aunque, Chittick no está solo preocupado por las discusiones sobre pensamiento islámico como reliquias de la historiaintelectual premoderna. Su vasto conocimiento de la tradición intelectual moderna sirve como base desde la cual busca abordar una amplia variedad de asuntos contemporáneos. En este breve ensayo, destacaré los escritos de Chittick que versan sobre el sí dentro del contexto de su tratamiento de la cosmología. Más allá de emplear métodos obsoletos para mirar al universo y nuestra relación con él, Chittick sostiene que las enseñanzas cosmológicas tradicionales islámicas son justamente tan relevantes para la cuestión del sí hoy en día como lo fueron en el pasado.
Abstract: William Chittick, currently professor of religious studies at the State University of New York (Stony Brook), is an internationally renowned expert on Islamic thought. His contributions to the fields of Sufism and Islamic philosophy have helped paint a clearer picture of the intellectual and spiritual landscape of Islamic civilization from the seventh/thirteenth century onwards. Yet Chittick is not simply concerned with discussions in Islamic thought as artifacts of premodern intellectualhistory. His vast knowledge of the Islamic intellectual tradition serves as the platform from which he seeks to address a broad range of contemporary issues. In this short essay, I will outline Chittick’s writingson the self within the context of his treatment of cosmology. Rather than being outdated ways of looking at the universe and our relationship to it, Chittick argues that traditional Islamic cosmological teachings are just as pertinent to the question of the self today as they were yesterday.
Evaluation of the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) in the general population
Authors: Becker Linda , Schade Ursula , Rohleder Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

Background. In stress research, economic instruments for introducing acute stress responses are needed. In this study, we investigated whether the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) induces salivary alpha-amylase and/or cortisol responses in the general population and whether this is associated with anthropometric, experimental, and lifestyle factors.
Methods. A sample of 91 participants from the general population was recruited. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA) levels were assessed prior to (t0), immediately after (t1), and ten minutes after the SECPT-G (t2).
Results. A robust cortisol increase was found immediately after the SECPT-G, which further increased between t1 and t2. This was independent of most of the control variables. However, men showed a trend towards higher cortisol increases than women (p = .005). No sAA responses were found at all. However, sAA levels were dependent on measurement time point with highest levels between 9 pm and 9:30 pm. Participants who immersed their hands into the ice water for the maximally allowed time of three minutes showed higher sAA levels at all time points than participants who removed their hands from the water earlier.
Conclusions. We conclude that the SECPT-G is a good means of an acute stress test when cortisol – but not necessarily sAA – responses are intended.
Lactoferrin quantification in cattle faeces by ELISA
Authors: Cooke Andrew S. , Watt Kathryn , Albery Greg F. , Morgan Eric R. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Promoting and maintaining health is critical to ruminant welfare and productivity. Within human medicine, faecal lactoferrin is quantified for routine assessment of various gastrointestinal illnesses avoiding the need for blood sampling. This approach might also be adapted and applied for non-invasive health assessments in animals.
Methods: In this proof-of-concept study a bovine lactoferrin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), designed for serum and milk, was applied to a faecal supernatant to assess its potential for quantifying lactoferrin in the faeces of cattle. Faecal lactoferrin concentrations were compared to background levels to assess the viability of the technique. A comparison was then made against serum lactoferrin levels to determine if they were or were not reflective of one another.
Results: The optical densities of faecal samples were significantly greater than background readings, supporting the hypothesis that the assay was effective in quantifying faecal lactoferrin (T13, 115 = 11.99, p < 0.0005, n = 115). Lactoferrin concentrations of faecal and serum samples, taken from the same animals on the same day, were significantly different (T21 = 2.49, p = 0.022) and did not correlate (r = 0.069, p = 0.767).
Developing the nurses’ bond with HIV-positive pregnant women / A construção do vínculo das enfermeiras da estratégia de saúde da família com as gestantes HIV positivo
Authors: Alves Condé Pires Guelber Flávia , Silva Alves Marcelo , Borges de Almeida Carlos Podalirio 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das enfermeiras em relação à construção do vínculo na assistência prestada na Estratégia de Saúde da Família com as gestantes HIV positivo. Método: Para coleta das informações foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada com dez voluntárias. A análise das informações foi realizada sob a luz da Razão Sensível. Resultados: Após análise, emergiram duas categorias: 1) O vínculo vivido e pensado como cuidado solidário e humanístico e, 2) A construção do vínculo como elo que favorece o desenvolvimento das ações de saúde. Foi possível apreender que as enfermeiras mantêm o vínculo após encaminhar a gestante ao serviço especializado ou seria este vínculo passível de ser construído mesmo ao encaminhá-las. Conclusão: Nessa relação, a enfermeira visualiza a possibilidade de estar-junto à gestante, proporcionando ações que possibilitem mantê-la em acompanhamento na unidade.
The most wonderful experiment in the world: a
history of the cloud chamber
Authors: CHALONER CLINTON 
Published: July 2002

No one will deny the extraordinary interest and importance of this
method which showed for the
first time and in such minute detail the effects of the passage of
ionizing radiations through a gas ...
I am personally of the opinion that the researches of Mr Wilson in this
field represent one of the
most striking and important of the advances in atomic physics made in
the last twenty years ...
It may be argued that this new method of Mr Wilson's has in the
main only confirmed the
deductions of the properties of the radiations made by other more
indirect methods. While this
is of course in some respects true, I would emphasize the importance
to science of the gain in
confidence of the accuracy of these deductions that followed from
the publication of his beautiful photographs. Ernest Rutherford, 1927Rutherford refers here to the photography of particle tracks made
visible as lines of
condensation in the supersaturated water vapour of a cloud chamber.
C. T. R. Wilson first
saw and photographed tracks in March 1911. The cloud chamber had existed
since 1895
when Wilson, pursuing his meteorological interests, developed the
instrument to determine
the process of droplet formation in clouds. Galison and Assmus have
examined this early phase of the cloud chamber's existence, rightly
concluding
that, with the production of
tracks and their photographic record, the instrument was radically transformed
into a
crucial tool of the particle physicist.
This transformation was not immediate, however,
and a genealogy of the apparatus cannot fully explain how this novel
means to apprehend
the existence and behaviour of hitherto invisible particles subsequently
functioned within
and contributed to the project of particle physics. My own focus is on
the period
immediately following Wilson's first publication of ray-track
photographs. The central
questions to be addressed are provided by Rutherford's
comments above. In precisely what
way did Wilson's work increase the confidence of scientists?
How was his method more direct than others?
Images of science in the classroom: wallcharts
and science education 1850–1920
Authors: BUCCHI MASSIMIANO 
Published: July 2002

One of the educational by-products of German botanical scholarship

was the publication of sets of
large ‘wall diagrams’ (Wandtafeln) for use
in the lecture-room. Most British University Departments
of Botany dating from the period before the first world war probably had

at least one of these sets.
In my own department I have used these excellent diagrams occasionally,
realizing that they
combined clarity, size and accuracy to an unrivalled extent.This passage from a recent essay by S. M. Walters forms an appropriate
introduction to
the topic of this paper. From the start, it should be noticed that the
use of such diagrams
(referred to as ‘wallcharts’ in the rest of the
paper) was by no means limited to botany
nor to university studies. As will become clear, they were one of the most
important
media for the teaching and learning at different levels of education and
within different
fields.
Effect of altering the length of the regrowth interval
in early, mid and late season on the productivity of grass swards
Authors: BINNIE R. C. , KILPATRICK D. J. , CHESTNUTT D. M. B. 
Published: July 2002

Over three growing seasons (1989 to 1991) perennial ryegrass swards were
cut at regular 3-week
intervals or changed to a 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-week regrowth interval in the
early (April to mid-June),
mid (late June to mid-August) or late season (late August to mid-October) at
the Agricultural
Research Institute of Northern Ireland. Fertilizer was applied according to
the length of the regrowth
period to supply the equivalent of 2·2 kg N/ha per day with an
annual rate of 416 kg N/ha.Lengthening the regrowth interval by a single 6-week interval increased
the annual yield of herbage
DM and digestible organic matter (DOM) from 10·13 to 11·15
and from 6·73 to 7·47 t/ha respectively.
The effect increased with increasing length of regrowth period and was
greatest in the early part of
the season. In swards cut on a regular 3-week regime there was no significant
difference in organic
matter digestibility (OMD) throughout the season (mean 69·4%),
whereas N concentration increased
steadily throughout the season, ranging from 25·6 g/kg DM in April
to 41·8 g/kg DM in October.During the variable regrowth periods, the greatest response in DM and DOM
yield to increasing
length of regrowth interval was obtained in the early part of the season in
spite of a rapid fall in OMD.
There was little to be gained by lengthening the regrowth interval beyond 6
weeks in mid-season, due
to low and declining herbage OMD. However, in the late season period, the
rate of decline in herbage
OMD tended to decrease after week 5 and so the rate of decline in DOM
accumulation was reduced,
making length of regrowth period in the late season less critical.The treatments imposed had little effect on yield of herbage N
(range 293–354 kg N/ha).
Nonlinear effects in two-layer large-amplitude geostrophic dynamics.
Part 1. The strong-beta case
Authors: KARSTEN RICHARD H. , SWATERS GORDON E. 
Published: July 2002

Baroclinic large-amplitude geostrophic (LAG) models, which assume a leading-order
geostrophic balance but allow for large-amplitude isopycnal deflections, provide a
suitable framework to model the large-amplitude motions exhibited in frontal regions.
The qualitative dynamical characterization of LAG models depends critically on the
underlying length scale. If the length scale is sufficiently large, the effect of differential
rotation, i.e. the β-effect, enters the dynamics at leading order. For smaller length
scales, the β-effect, while non-negligible, does not enter the dynamics at leading
order. These two dynamical limits are referred to as strong-β and weak-β models,
respectively.A comprehensive description of the nonlinear dynamics associated with the strong-
β models is given. In addition to establishing two new nonlinear stability theorems,
we extend previous linear stability analyses to account for the finite-amplitude development
of perturbed fronts. We determine whether the linear solutions are subject
to nonlinear secondary instabilities and, in particular, a new long-wave–short-wave
(LWSW) resonance, which is a possible source of rapid unstable growth at long length
scales, is identified. The theoretical analyses are tested against numerical simulations.
The simulations confirm the importance of the LWSW resonance in the development
of the flow. Simulations show that instabilities associated with vanishing potential-
vorticity gradients can develop into stable meanders, eddies or breaking waves. By
examining models with different layer depths, we reveal how the dynamics associated
with strong-β models qualitatively changes as the strength of the dynamic coupling
between the barotropic and baroclinic motions varies.
The spreading of surfactant-laden liquids with surfactant transfer through the contact line
Authors: RAMÉ ENRIQUE 
Published: July 2002

We examine the spreading of a liquid on a solid surface when the liquid surface has
a spread monolayer of insoluble surfactant, and the surfactant transfers through the
contact line between the liquid surface and the solid. We show that, as in surfactant-free
systems, a singularity appears at the moving contact line. However, unlike
surfactant-free systems, the singularity cannot be removed by the same assumptions
as long as surfactant transfer takes place. In an attempt to avoid modelling difficulties
posed by the question of how the singularity might be removed, we identify parameters
which describe the dynamics of the macroscopic spreading process. These parameters,
which depend on the details of the fluid motion next to the contact line as in the
pure-fluid case, also depend on the state of the spread surfactant in the macroscopic
region, in sharp contrast to the pure-fluid case where actions at the macroscopic
scale did not affect material spreading parameters. A model of the viscous-controlled
region near the contact line which accounts for surfactant transfer shows that, at
steady state, some ranges of dynamic contact angles and of capillary number are
forbidden. For a given surfactant–liquid pair, these disallowed ranges depend upon
the actual contact angle and on the transfer flux of surfactant.We also examine a possible inner model which accounts for the transfer via surface
diffusivity and regularizes the stress via a slip model. We show that the asymptotic
behaviour of this model at distances from the contact line large compared to the
inner length scale matches to the viscous-controlled region. An example of how the
information propagates is given.