bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Swampland: Introduction and Review
Authors: Palti Eran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Swampland program aims to distinguish effective theories which can be completed into quantum gravity in the ultraviolet from those which cannot. This article forms an introduction to the field, assuming only a knowledge of quantum field theory and general relativity. It also forms a comprehensive review, covering the range of ideas that are part of the field, from the Weak Gravity Conjecture, through compactifications of String Theory, to the de Sitter conjecture.
Prescribing trend in cardiovascular patients at Ethiopian university hospital: The number of medications and implication on the clinical improvement
Authors: Tefera Yonas G. , Abebe Tamrat B. , Mekuria Abebe B. , Kelkay Misganaw S. , Abegaz Tadesse M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInvestigating the prescribing trend is important to improve rational prescribing. This study aimed at assessing the cardiovascular drug use, pattern, and its impact on clinical outcome. A cross‐sectional study was employed in the outpatient department of chronic illness clinic of Gondar University specialized hospital, Ethiopia from 15 January 2017 to 15 March 2017. The independent variables were sociodemographic, medication, and other clinical information while cardiovascular disease improvement is the outcome variable. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between the independent variables and the outcome variable. Kaplan Meier curve was used to analyze the clinical improvement while the Log‐rank test was employed to compare the clinical outcome with the number of medications. Eight hundred thirty‐three cardiovascular patient medical records were included in the final analysis. The majority (62.5%) of patients were females and more than 61% were above 50 years of age. Diuretics monotherapy accounted for a third (33.6%) of cardiovascular drug use, followed by combination therapy of angiotensin convertase enzyme inhibitors with Diuretics (21.8%) and calcium channel blockers with diuretics (8.3%). Cardiovascular patients followed for 72 months found to have a good level of clinical improvement on combination medication (Log Rank of 28.9, P = 0.000). In this study, diuretics monotherapy or in combination with angiotensin convertase enzyme inhibitors were found to be the frequently prescribed drugs in cardiovascular patients. Combination therapy has an implication for good cardiovascular improvement on long term follow‐up. It seems clinicians were restricted to certain cardiovascular medications while plenty of choices are available from the diverse classes of cardiovascular drugs.
Do silicon and nitric oxide induce resistance to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in forage grasses?
Authors: Alvarenga Roberta , Auad Alexander M , Moraes Jair C , Silva Sandra EB 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreat efforts have been made to identify grasses that are resistant to spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). However, the time required to develop and launch new cultivars is relatively long. The employment of resistance inducers is a current strategy that may be useful for the control of insect pests. This analysis evaluates the feasibility of using the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide to increase spittlebug resistance based on changes in forage grass vegetative characteristics and the biological traits of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909).RESULTSMahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults can cause significant damage to forage grasses. Furthermore, silicon and nitric oxide inducers were not sufficient to lessen this damage by positively influencing the growth and development of forage grasses. These inducers did not negatively alter the biological parameters of M. spectabilis or diminish its population. However, phenolic compound concentrations increased when forage grasses were treated with silicon or attacked by adult insects, but this parameter was not useful to predict spittlebug resistance. This fact suggests that the physiological and biochemical changes caused by silicon should be further studied.CONCLUSIONThe current analysis demonstrated that application of the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide is currently not a viable strategy for the effective and economic management of M. spectabilis on Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of chamomile for state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials and quasi‐randomized trials
Authors: Hieu Truong Hong , Dibas Mahmoud , Surya Dila Kadek Agus , Sherif Nourin Ali , Hashmi Muhammad Usman , Mahmoud Mostafa , Trang Nguyen Thi Thuy , Abdullah Lava , Nghia Thai Le Ba , Y Mai Nhu , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: April 2019

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to study the efficacy and safety of chamomile for the treatment of state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorders (GADs), sleep quality, and insomnia in human. Eleven databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched to retrieve relevant randomized control trials (RCTs), and 12 RCTs were included. Random effect meta‐analysis was performed by meta package of R statistical software version 3.4.3 and RevMan version 5.3. Our meta‐analysis of three RCTs did not show any difference in case of anxiety (standardized mean difference = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.46, 0.16],P = 0.4214). Moreover, there is only one RCT that evaluated the effect of chamomile on insomnia and it found no significant change in insomnia severity index (P > 0.05). By using HAM‐A scale, there was a significant improvement in GAD after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (mean difference = −1.43, 95% CI [−2.47, −0.39],P = 0.007), (MD = −1.79, 95% CI [−3.14, −0.43],P = 0.0097), respectively. Noteworthy, our meta‐analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep quality after chamomile administration (standardized mean difference = −0.73, 95% CI [−1.23, −0.23],P < 0.005). Mild adverse events were only reported by three RCTs. Chamomile appears to be efficacious and safe for sleep quality and GAD. Little evidence is there to show its effect on anxiety and insomnia. Larger RCTs are needed to ascertain these findings.
An option pricing approach to corporate dividends and the capital investment financing decision
Authors: Chance Don M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn light of a growing trend toward viewing dividends as an investable asset class, this article opens up a new perspective on their valuation. We show that dividends can be viewed as options on the cash flow of the firm. That is, a firm either pays zero dividends, in which case the option expires out‐of‐the‐money, or it pays a positive dividend, the value of which corresponds to the option's moneyness. The exercise price is determined by the capital budget, the flexibility of the company to use external financing, and whether it has minimum and maximum dividends. The model is also capable of accommodating a stochastic capital budget, which allows for uncertain growth opportunities and their correlation with the firm's cash flows. We also present an application of the model using actual data for a large multinational company.
Parental endowments versus business acumen: Assessing the fate of low‐tech, service‐sector spinouts
Authors: Hunt Richard A. , Lerner Daniel A. , Townsend David M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryIn recent years, scholarship on intraindustry entrepreneurial spinouts has coalesced around a heredity‐focused perspective, propounding the notion that spinouts from high‐quality parent‐firms outperform those emanating from low‐quality parent‐firms. This view has found strong support in high‐tech sectors, but it is unclear whether parental lineage is a determinant of performance and survival in sectors exhibiting low‐technological dynamism, especially when the locus of value creation stems from generalist rather than technical‐specialist knowledge. Applying the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and jack‐of‐all‐trades framework, we assess the fate of a complete population of 678 service‐sector firms for the entire 32‐year history of an industry. Our study offers explanatory mechanisms that more fully account for the non‐hereditary success factors driving performance heterogeneity among entrepreneurial spinouts.Managerial SummaryIn many industries, half or more of the firms are founded by former employees of existing companies (i.e., “entrepreneurial spinouts”). In high‐tech sectors, these “spinouts” often appear to perform better than entrants without prior industry experience. Moreover, spinouts spawned by high‐performing parent‐firms tend to out‐perform spinouts from low‐performing parents, suggesting that spinouts benefit from advantageous parental knowledge and capabilities. However, this does not seem to be the case among spinouts in industries characterized by low‐technological dynamism. Our findings indicate that when technological dynamism is low, general business acumen eclipses parental lineage in determining spinout performance. In these cases, spinout founders with primarily technical experience would be well‐served by partnering with individuals possessing experience in marketing, sales, and day‐to‐day business management.
Managing history: How New Zealand's Gallagher Group used rhetorical narratives to reprioritize and modify imprinted strategic guideposts
Authors: Sinha Paresha N. , Jaskiewicz Peter , Gibb Jenny , Combs James G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryImprinting theory predicts that organizations are imprinted with multiple intersecting imprints that persist. Evidence suggests, however, that imprints are sometimes reprioritized or modified, implying that they can be strategically managed. We draw upon rhetorical history research and an in‐depth historical case study of New Zealand's Gallagher Group to describe how one firm managed its imprints. Our inductive theorizing links historically imprinted strategic guideposts to decision‐making via two rearranging processes—that is, prioritizing and suspending—wherein managers use narratives to rearrange guideposts' influence and two scope modifying processes—that is, constraining and expanding—wherein managers change where guideposts apply. As a first explanation of how imprints are managed, these processes add nuance to existing theory and open new research avenues regarding additional processes and boundary conditions.Managerial SummaryImprints are elements of culture, strategy, structure, or decision‐making that emerge when the firm is founded or during times of turmoil. Imprints resist change and make organizational adaptation difficult. This study explains one way that managers manipulate imprinted decision‐making rules so that organizations can adapt. Using an in‐depth historical case study of New Zealand's Gallagher Group from 1938 to 2015, we follow four imprinted decision‐making rules that we call strategic guideposts and show how managers rhetorically revised these rules to adapt organizational decision‐making to changing environments. Managers prioritized some decision‐making rules while deemphasizing others or they changed their claims about the kinds of decisions where a decision‐rule applied. Knowing these rhetorical processes can help managers leverage their organization's history to facilitate necessary organizational change.
Simply-Laced Quantum Connections Generalising KZ
Authors: Rembado Gabriele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe construct a new family of flat connections generalising the KZ connection, the Casimir connection and the dynamical connection. These new connections are attached to simply-laced graphs, and are obtained via quantisation of time-dependent Hamiltonian systems controlling the isomonodromic deformations of meromorphic connections on the sphere.
Clinical and Functional Outcome After Abdominal Wall Incisional Hernia Repair: Evaluation of Quality‐of‐Life Improvement and Comparison of Assessment Scales
Authors: Licari Leo , Guercio Giovanni , Campanella Sofia , Scerrino Gregorio , Bonventre Sebastiano , Tutino Roberta , Gulotta Leonardo , Profita Giuseppe , Scaturro Dalila , Letizia Mauro Giulia , Salamone Giuseppe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundHernias severely impact patient quality of life (QoL), and 80% of patients need surgical operation. The primary outcome of the study is to assess improvements in balance, posture and deambulation after abdominal hernia repair. Moreover, the study investigated the improvement in the postoperative QoL.MethodsPatients operated at the Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” at Palermo University Hospital between June 2015 and June 2017 were identified in a prospective database. The functional outcome measures and QoL assessment scales used were numeric rating scale for pain, performance‐oriented mobility assessment (POMA) scale, Quebec back pain disability scale, center of gravity (barycenter) variation evaluation, Short‐Form (36) Health Survey (SF‐36 test), sit‐up test and Activities Assessment Scale (AAS). The timepoints at which the parameters listed were assessed for the study were 1 week before the surgical operation and 6 months later.ResultsThe POMA scale showed a significant improvement, with an overall preoperative score of (mean; SD) 18.80 ± 2.17 and a postoperative score of 23.56 ± 2.24 with a p < 0.003. The improvement of the barycenter was significant with p = 0.03 and 0.01 for the right and left inferior limbs, respectively. Finally, common daily activities reported by the SF‐36 test and by the AAS were significantly improved with a reported p of ≤0.04 for 5 of eight items and ≤0.002 for all items, respectively.ConclusionsThe improvement in such physical measures proves the importance of abdominal wall restoration to recover functional activity in the muscle–skeletal complex balance, gait and movement performance.
Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Abdominal Cocoon: Series of 15 Patients
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Irrinki Santhosh , Yadav Thakur Deen , Kumar Hemanth , Kharel Jyoti , Dhaka Narender , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Vishal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal cocoon (AC) or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. Surgical intervention is warranted in patients with persistent pain or intestinal obstruction.MethodologyA retrospective analysis of patients operated for AC was performed. Clinical presentation, radiological data, postoperative outcomes (Ryles tube (RT) removal, duration of hospital stay, enterocutaneous fistula, requirement for re‐exploration and mortality) were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsFifteen patients of abdominal cocoon required surgical intervention for various indications. The mean age was 34.46 years (13–60), and 11 (73.3%) were males. Intermittent abdominal pain was present in 14 (93.3%) followed by recurrent subacute intestinal obstruction (SAIO) in 11 (73.3%). Three patients presented with intestinal perforation. Of the 14 patients with preoperative computed tomography, radiological diagnosis was possible in five patients. The mean duration for surgery was 159 min (60–360 min). Membrane encasement was complete in 9/15 and partial in 6/15 patients. Adhesiolysis was done in all patients (complete—10/15 and partial—5/15). Mean duration for RT removal and hospital stay was 4.3 and 12.3 days, respectively. Recurrence of SAIO was observed in three patients, and one patient needed re‐exploration for the same. One patient developed postoperative enterocutaneous fistula requiring surgical intervention. Overall mortality in the study was 13.3% (2/15). Four patients had underlying tuberculosis, and the rest were idiopathic.ConclusionEtiology of AC is not known in majority of patients. Persistent pain and recurrent SAIO are the most common indications for surgery. This morbidity associated with surgery can be reduced by meticulous dissection techniques and appropriate peri‐operative care.
Association of Surgical Volume and Quality Management in Thyroid Surgery: A Two‐Nation Multicenter Study
Authors: Jakob Dominik A. , Riss Philipp , Scheuba Christian , Hermann Michael , Kim‐Fuchs Corina , Seiler Christian A. , Walter Martin A. , Kaderli Reto M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐volume caseload in thyroid surgery is associated with lower postoperative complication rates resulting to better outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of the departments’ annual number of thyroid surgeries on the adherence to consensus guidelines and on the implementation of measures for quality assurance.MethodsIn 2016, we sent an anonymous electronic survey with questions related to the perioperative management in thyroid surgery to all directors of departments in operative medicine in Switzerland and Austria. We compared the pre‐ and postoperative management with the summarized recommendations of the four most frequently used consensus guidelines. Analogously, we analyzed the implementation of six measures for quality assurance related to thyroid surgery for each participating department. Using logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the correlation of number of guidelines respected and number of measures for quality assurance with the departments’ annual number of surgeries performed. Furthermore, we evaluated the number of departments providing thyroid cancer surgery and their experience in neck dissection.ResultsThe management corresponded in 64.0% to the summarized recommendations. Adherence to the summarized recommendations and implementation of measures for quality assurance were significantly more likely with increasing numbers of surgeries performed (p = 0.049 and p < 0.001). Ninety‐two departments provided thyroid cancer surgery, whereas 12/92 (13.0%) were not able to perform central and/or lateral neck dissection.ConclusionConsensus guidelines are insufficiently implemented within thyroid surgery, and quality management is associated with surgical volume.
Disrupting dark web supply chains to protect precious data
Authors: Wilson Emily 
Published: April 2019

In our digital-centric, always-on, cloud-powered world, data is your organisation's biggest asset. Whether it's sensitive customer information, intellectual property (IP) or closely guarded financial and other corporate data, it might already be up for sale on the dark web. Cybercrime and online fraud are now easier than ever thanks to these sophisticated underground markets. Data is your organisation's biggest asset. But whether it's customer information, intellectual property or financial and other corporate data, it might already be up for sale on the dark web.
The art of phishing: past, present and future
Authors: Binks Adam 
Published: April 2019

What may seem like one of the oldest tricks in the cyber criminal handbook is on the rise – phishing. These scams are becoming so common and advanced that it's often difficult to discern between genuine and fake emails, and the vast majority of cyber attacks begin with a phishing email. 1 Phishing scams are becoming so common and advanced that it's often difficult to discern between genuine and fake emails.
Buprenorphine/naloxone induction in a Canadian emergency department with rapid access to community-based addictions providers
Authors: Hu Tina , Snider-Adler Melissa , Nijmeh Larry , Pyle Adam 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesOpioid-related emergency department (ED) visits have increased significantly in recent years. Our objective was to evaluate an ED-initiated buprenorphine/naloxone program, which provided rapid access to an outpatient community-based addictions clinic, for patients in opioid withdrawal.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed within a health system encompassing four community EDs in Ontario, Canada. Patients were screened for opioid withdrawal between April 2017-December 2017 and offered buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and referral to outpatient addictions follow-up. The main outcome measure was treatment retention in the six-month period after the index visit.ResultsThe overall sample (N = 49) showed high healthcare utilization in the year prior to the index ED visit. 88% of patients (n = 43) consented to ED-initiated buprenorphine/naloxone and were referred to outpatient addictions follow-up, with 54% attending the initial follow-up visit. In the 6-month follow-up period from the index ED visit, 35% of patients were receiving ongoing buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and 2.3% were weaned off opioids. Patients with ongoing treatment had significantly lower number of ED visits at 3 and 6 months (3 and 10, respectively) compared to patients who did not show up for outpatient follow-up (28, 40) or started/stopped treatment (23, 41).ConclusionsScreening for opioid use disorder in the ED and initiating buprenorphine/naloxone treatment with rapid referral to an outpatient community-based addictions clinic led to a 6-month treatment retention rate of 37% and a significant reduction in ED visits at 3 and 6 months. Buprenorphine/naloxone initiation in the ED appears to be an effective intervention, but further research is needed.
Point-of-care ultrasound before attempting clean-catch urine collection in infants: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weill Olivia , Labrosse Mélanie , Levy Arielle , Desjardins Marie Pier , Trottier Evelyne D. , Gravel Jocelyn 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveA new non-invasive bladder stimulation technique has been described to obtain clean-catch urine specimens in infants. This study aimed to evaluate if point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) guided feeding protocol to measure bladder volume prior to stimulation techniques improves clean-catch urine collection success.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial study was conducted in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department. Infants aged less than 6 months needing a urine sample were randomized to either POCUS group or feeding group (standard procedure) before performing a standardized clean-catch urine stimulation technique. In the POCUS group, a feeding period was permitted if the bladder width was less than 2 cm, otherwise the clean-catch urine was performed immediately. The primary outcome was the success of the procedure defined by the collection of at least 2 mL of urine, obtained within 300 seconds of bladder stimulation manoeuvres. It was estimated that the recruitment of 200 children was necessary to yield 80% power to identify an improvement of 20% in the success rate.ResultsA total of 201 infants were included. The procedure was not more successful in the POCUS group (48%) compared to the feeding group (54%) (Difference: 6.5%; 95% CI: -7.3 to 19.8%). The mean time to collect urine samples from randomization to sample collection was not different between the two groups.ConclusionsOur study failed to show a benefit of using POCUS to improve the success rate of stimulated clean-catch urine. Moreover, the importance of the feeding period prior to clean-catch urine manoeuvres should be evaluated further.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT02751671
Constant slope, entropy, and horseshoes for a map on a tame graph
Authors: BARTOŠ ADAM , BOBOK JOZEF , PYRIH PAVEL , ROTH SAMUEL , VEJNAR BENJAMIN 
Published: April 2019

We study continuous countably (strictly) monotone maps defined on a tame graph, i.e. a special Peano continuum for which the set containing branch points and end points has countable closure. In our investigation we confine ourselves to the countable Markov case. We show a necessary and sufficient condition under which a locally eventually onto, countably Markov map $f$ of a tame graph $G$ is conjugate to a map $g$ of constant slope. In particular, we show that in the case of a Markov map $f$ that corresponds to a recurrent transition matrix, the condition is satisfied for a constant slope $e^{h_{\text{top}}(f)}$, where $h_{\text{top}}(f)$ is the topological entropy of $f$. Moreover, we show that in our class the topological entropy $h_{\text{top}}(f)$ is achievable through horseshoes of the map $f$.