bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the specific surface area and silver crystallite size of mesoporous Ag/SrTiO3 on the selectivity enhancement of ethylene oxide production
Authors: Adhami Shekoufeh , Esfahany Mohsen Nasr , Eränen Kari , Peurla Markus , Mäkilä Ermei , Murzin Dmitry Yu , Salmi Tapio 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundEthylene oxide, which is industrially produced by ethylene epoxidation, is an important versatile chemical intermediate, thus its selectivity enhancement can bring substantial economic profits. In this work, the effects of two important, but still debatable, factors, i.e. catalyst specific surface area and active phase crystallite size, on the catalyst selectivity enhancement were investigated. Surfactant assisted sol–gel method with good control ability on the pores structure was selected to produce mesoporous strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanocrystals with various specific surface area. The SrTiO3 nanocrystals were used as the supports of silver (Ag) for ethylene epoxidation.ResultsThe Ag/SrTiO3 catalysts with various surface areas were obtained by changing the surfactant‐alkoxide ratio and the calcination time. The ethylene oxide selectivity of the prepared catalysts was examined in a laboratory‐scale fixed bed reactor. The best performance was observed at the lowest surfactant–alkoxide ratio of 0.2 and calcination time of 4 h, with the surface area of 1.7 m2/g and Ag crystallite size of 15 nm.ConclusionThe best catalyst selectivity was observed at the lowest surface area and the highest average Ag crystallite size. In this condition, the selectivity of the Ag/SrTiO3 catalyst without any modifier was superior to a commercial Ag/Al2O3 catalyst with 3.7m2/g surface area and alkaline earth metal modifiers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance of laboratory tests used to measure blood phenylalanine for the monitoring of patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Moat Stuart J. , Schulenburg‐Brand Danja , Lemonde Hugh , Bonham James R. , Weykamp Cas W. , Mei Joanne V. , Shortland Graham S. , Carling Rachel S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnalysis of blood phenylalanine is central to the monitoring of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and age‐related phenylalanine target treatment‐ranges (0‐12 years; 120‐360 μmol/L, and >12 years; 120‐600 μmol/L) are recommended in order to prevent adverse neurological outcomes. These target treatment‐ranges are based upon plasma phenylalanine concentrations. However, patients are routinely monitored using dried bloodspot (DBS) specimens due to the convenience of collection. Significant differences exist between phenylalanine concentrations in plasma and DBS, with phenylalanine concentrations in DBS specimens analyzed by flow‐injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry reported to be 18% to 28% lower than paired plasma concentrations analyzed using ion‐exchange chromatography. DBS specimens with phenylalanine concentrations of 360 and 600 μmol/L, at the critical upper‐target treatment‐range thresholds would be plasma equivalents of 461 and 768 μmol/L, respectively, when a reported difference of 28% is taken into account. Furthermore, analytical test imprecision and bias in conjunction with pre‐analytical factors such as volume and quality of blood applied to filter paper collection devices to produce DBS specimens affect the final test results. Reporting of inaccurate patient results when comparing DBS results to target treatment‐ranges based on plasma concentrations, together with inter‐laboratory imprecision could have a significant impact on patient management resulting in inappropriate dietary change and potentially adverse patient outcomes. This review is intended to provide perspective on the issues related to the measurement of phenylalanine in blood specimens and to provide direction for the future needs of PKU patients to ensure reliable monitoring of metabolic control using the target treatment‐ranges.
Paper spray mass spectrometry: A new drug checking tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis
Authors: Vandergrift Gregory W. , Gill Chris G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFentanyl and related psychoactive substances are at the forefront of the opioid overdose crisis, for which a complete solution is not immediately obvious. Drug testing for harm reduction may be an effective approach to both reduce overdoses and importantly, engage people who use drugs (PWUD) with the medical system. Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) is an ambient ionization strategy that is uniquely suited to address this complicated analytical task. This perspectives article presents the merits of PS‐MS, with a focus upon the current state of its use as a candidate drug checking strategy for harm reduction. PS‐MS is inherently sensitive and selective, with detection limits in the picogram range. It requires small drug samples (~1 mg) for quantitative drug testing, critical to encourage pre‐consumption measurements by PWUD in the context of a harm reduction strategy. Calibrations obtained in surrogate drug matrices containing highly concentrated primary drugs demonstrate comparable sensitivities, a wide calibration range, and minimal matrix effects. PS‐MS can be interfaced with high‐resolution MS for non‐targeted analysis, allowing the identification of novel psychoactive substances as they appear in street drugs. Individual quantitative PS‐MS measurements for drug testing can be done in 1 minute or less, resulting in high sample throughput. Significant advancement in mass spectrometer miniaturization and mobilization has concomitant benefits for direct, on‐site drug checking, such as reduced cost, simplified maintenance and ease of use by less skilled operators. While PS‐MS technology continues to rapidly advance, it is our opinion that PS‐MS can be utilized as an effective tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis.
MFLRS‐RDF technique for optimal sizing and performance analysis of HRES
Authors: RaguRaman Lingamuthu , Ravindran Mariappan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn optimum HRES size and performance using upgraded optimization technique is proposed in this paper. The upgraded optimization technique is the joint execution of moth flame optimization (MFO) with the integration of local random search (LRS) called MFLRS and random decision forest (RDF), and hence it is named as MFLRS‐RDF technique. Minimization of the life‐cycle cost of the HRES subject to some constraints by adjusting decision variables namely, photovoltaic area, swept area of wind turbines, fuel consumption of the biodiesel generator, and a number of batteries is the main objective of the proposed approach. The inputs for the design of HRES are solar radiation, wind speed, demand for load, and temperature that vary in time. In the proposed technique, the RDF optimally predicts the load demand based on the historical dataset. In light of the forecasted load demand, the MFLRS technique provides an optimal configuration of HRES. For enhancing the updating function of MFO, the LRS technique is utilized. Furthermore, the proposed technique optimizes the various parameters such as system total cost, various sources power generation, the contribution of various sources, continuity of supply to the unmet load, and load demand. HRES' parameters are optimized with the proposed strategy, and the proposed strategy provides a reliable solution. The proposed strategy is implemented on the working platform of MATLAB/Simulink. The HRES performance is evaluated using comparative analysis with existing techniques.
Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women
Authors: Konecky Emily M. , Lynch Shannon M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncarcerated women report high rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion regulation has been identified as a potential mechanism that contributes to the association between trauma exposure and PTSD severity. The present study examined associations among cumulative trauma exposure, emotion regulation difficulties, and current (30‐day) PTSD in 152 randomly selected women in prison. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), results indicated cumulative trauma was significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties, β = .31,SE =.13,p = .005; and PTSD symptom severity, β = .41,SE =.14,p = .005. We identified a significant indirect effect, 0.11,z= 2.37,p= .018, of emotion regulation on the association between cumulative trauma exposure and severity of current PTSD symptoms. These findings are consistent with previous longitudinal research suggesting that emotion regulation is significantly affected by trauma exposure, and they support previously identified associations between emotion regulation difficulties and severity of PTSD. Further, these findings have the potential to inform current efforts to identify and implement effective PTSD‐focused interventions with incarcerated women. In particular, it appears that emotion regulation skills may be an important component of effective PTSD focused interventions for this population.
Second‐Trimester Ultrasound‐Measured Umbilical Cord Insertion–to–Placental Edge Distance: Determining an Outcome‐Based Threshold for Identifying Marginal Cord Insertions
Authors: Wax Ian R. , Cartin Angelina , Craig Wendy Y. , Pinette Michael G. , Wax Joseph R. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesWe sought to study potential diagnostic criteria for marginal placental cord insertions as determined by associations with obstetric outcomes.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort investigation included singleton gestations delivering from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, and having a standard or detailed fetal ultrasound examination from 18 weeks to 21 weeks 6 days. Cord insertion–to–placental edge distances were used to create a referent comparison group and 3 patient groups: greater than 3.0 cm (comparison); greater than 2.0 to 3.0 cm (group 1); greater than 1.0 to 2.0 cm (group 2); and 1.0 cm or less (group 3). The primary outcome consisted of any one of spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks, fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, or intrauterine fetal demise.ResultsThe numbers of participants and mean distances ± SDs for the comparison group and groups 1 to 3, respectively, were 628 and 4.68 ± 1.17 cm, 106 and 2.52 ± 0.26 cm, 131 and 1.60 ± 0.29 cm, and 77 and 0.36 ± 0.37 cm, respectively. The primary outcome was significantly associated only with cord insertion–to–placental edge distances of 1.0 cm or less (adjusted odds ratio, 3.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–5.38).ConclusionsMarginal cord insertions may be diagnosed when the cord insertion–to–placental edge distance is 1.0 cm or less.
Mixing processes in small arctic lakes during spring
Authors: Cortés Alicia , MacIntyre Sally 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSmall ice‐covered lakes are stratified by temperature and solutes. Using time series measurements and profiles of temperature, specific conductance (SC), and dissolved oxygen obtained during spring 2014 and 2015, we identified the physical processes occurring under the ice and at ice‐off in two ~ 2 ha, 10‐m‐deep arctic lakes. The lakes are distinguished from other freshwater, ice‐covered lakes by solutes initially stabilizing the density stratification when temperature decreased in the lower water column and, with one exception, stabilizing it during warming. With an ice cover 1 m thick, wind‐forced internal waves occurred, with 2nd vertical mode waves prevalent where stratification was weak. Snowmelt induced near‐surface chemical stratification such that diurnal thermoclines formed with stable temperature stratification in a ~ 4‐m‐thick layer. Horizontal exchange was mediated by internal waves and gravity currents induced by greater heating near shore and as incoming snowmelt displaced water in shallow regions. Toward ice‐off, the gravity currents reduced temperature stratification between the snowmelt‐induced near‐surface pycnocline and the bottom pycnocline but slight increases in SC precluded radiatively driven convection. Snowmelt retention was greater with rapid spring heating. The lakes did not mix by ice‐off. With moderate winds, Wedderburn numbers decreased below 3 at ice‐off, and the near‐surface pycnocline upwelled and then deepened due to internal wave‐induced mixing. The concomitant downward mixing of heat caused a rapid onset of thermal stratification, and that, combined with incomplete mixing under the ice, led to persistence of near‐bottom depletion in oxygen and increased density and dissolved solutes.
Hydrogen embrittlement of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy for high‐speed trains
Authors: Shen Lin , Chen Hui , Che Xiaoli , Xu Lidong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of hydrogen cathodic charging on the mechanical behavior of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy has been studied. The hydrogen susceptibility of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy was evaluated by slow strain rate tensile testing. The tensile tests revealed that the ductility of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy decreased when charged cathodically for 96 hr with a constant current density of 2 mA/cm
2. The charged 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy exhibited pitting corrosion at the surface layers and brittle intergranular fracture at the deeper layers of the alloy. The decrease in the ductility of the aluminum alloy was attributed to hydrogen‐reducing atomic binding force.
Chitosan‐g‐Polyester Microspheres: Effect of Length and Composition of Grafted Chains
Authors: Demina Tatiana S. , Sevrin Chantal , Kapchiekue Carmen , Akopova Tatiana A. , Grandfils Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrophobic segments made of oligo(l,l‐ or d,l‐lactides) or poly(l,l‐lactide) are grafted onto chitosan backbone in order to use their amphiphilic behavior to prepare degradable microcarriers intended to be used for tissue engineering. Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of these copolymers is adjusted playing on the respective length of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Thanks to their self‐emulsifying properties, these graft copolymers are processed into microspheres in the absence of hydrophilic emulsifier commonly added in the aqueous phase of the oil/water emulsion. The copolymers containing amorphous oligolactide segments of medium length are demonstrated to be the most effective ones for microparticle fabrication. The microparticles are characterized using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The reactivity of amine group is demonstrated using fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. The resulting microspheres disclose a porous core and a shell enriched by the hydrophilic polysaccharide moieties. Stabilization of the oil/water interface during the microsphere fabrication, total yield, size distribution, and microparticle surface morphology are mainly affected by the macromolecular features of the copolymers.
Morphological MRI investigations of the hypothalamus in 232 individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gorges Martin , Kuntz Barbara , Del Tredici Kelly , Schmidt Daniel G. , Müller Hans‐Peter , Ludolph Albert C. , Dupuis Luc , Kassubek Jan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe pathophysiology of the hypothalamic involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood. The objective of this study was the quantification of hypothalamic volumes in vivo in PD.MethodsHigh‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 232 individuals with PD and 130 healthy non‐PD individuals were used for quantification of the hypothalamic volumes.ResultsThe hypothalamus in PD was not atrophied, as indicated by volumetric analyses in the prospectively collected subcohort (30 PD, V = 921 ± 78 mm3 vs 30 non‐PD, V = 917 ± 67 mm3; P = 0.850) and validated in a large cohort (202 PD, V = 925 ± 88 mm3 vs 100 non‐PD, V = 932 ± 114 mm3; P = 0.602).ConclusionsHypothalamic involvement in PD as shown by a large body of histopathological evidence does not appear to be detectable by MRI‐based volumetric quantification. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Sacral preauricular extensions, notches, and corresponding iliac changes: New terms and the proposal of a recording system
Authors: Pany‐Kucera Doris , Spannagl‐Steiner Michaela , Argeny Stanislaus , Maurer‐Gesek Barbara , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Rebay‐Salisbury Katharina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpecific changes at the ventrosuperior margin (apex) of the ala ossis sacri—an extension or a notch and respective corresponding structures at the iliac auricular facet—were noted in female skeletons. We suggest terming them sacral preauricular extension (SPE) and sacral preauricular notch (SPN) and propose a recording system. We analysed pelvic remains from Bronze Age female and male individuals for comparison from three different sites in Austria in the course of the ongoing European Research Council‐funded project The Value of Mothers to Society. In total, 52 sacral remains from the right side and 34 from the left of female individuals, as well as 30 sacral remains from the right and 24 from the left side of male individuals, were recorded. Commonly addressed pelvic features and the newly described changes were systematically analysed. The sacral preauricular extension occurred uni‐ and, in some cases, bilaterally in females of all ages, always at the level of the terminal line, the sacral preauricular notch only unilaterally. Corresponding structures at the ilium occurred in 66.7% and 80% of the affected individuals (right/left side, respectively). In total, a sacral preauricular extension was found on the right side in 13.5% and on the left side in 14.7% of the Bronze Age females, and 9.6% was affected by a notch. The observed changes were not found in males. We argue that the observed changes stand in a causal relationship with pregnancy and birth events. The hormonally induced ligament laxening during pregnancies causes an increased movement in the sacroiliac joint. Postural changes encouraged by weight gain can cause balance shifts that may lead to the observed bony extensions at the sacroiliac apex. The sacral preauricular notch may be related to birthing events at an early age. We present a nomenclature, a detailed description of the morphological modifications, and propose a recording system.
Quantitative Image Analysis of Fractal‐Like Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Zhu Weikun , Mohammadi Erfan , Diao Ying 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMorphology modulation offers significant control over organic electronic device performance. However, morphology quantification has been rarely carried out via image analysis. In this work, we designed a MATLAB program to evaluate two key parameters describing morphology of small molecule semiconductor thin films: fractal dimension and film coverage. We then use this program in a case study of meniscus‐guided coating of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) under various conditions to analyze a diverse and complex morphology set. The evolution of morphology in terms of fractal dimension and film coverage was studied as a function of coating speed. We discovered that combined fractal dimension and film coverage can quantitatively capture the key characteristics of C8‐BTBT thin film morphology; change of these two parameters further inform morphology transition. Furthermore, fractal dimension could potentially shed light on thin film growth mechanisms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1622–1634
The branching‐course model predictive control algorithm for maritime collision avoidance
Authors: Eriksen Bjørn‐Olav H. , Breivik Morten , Wilthil Erik F. , Flåten Andreas L. , Brekke Edmund F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article presents a new algorithm for short‐term maritime collision avoidance (COLAV) named the branching‐course model predictive control (BC‐MPC) algorithm. The algorithm is designed to be robust with respect to noise on obstacle estimates, which is a significant source of disturbance when using exteroceptive sensors such as, for example, radars for obstacle detection and tracking. Exteroceptive sensors do not require vessel‐to‐vessel communication, which enables COLAV toward vessels not equipped with, for example, automatic identification system transponders, in addition to increasing the robustness with respect to faulty information which may be provided by other vessels. The BC‐MPC algorithm is compliant with Rules 8, 13, and 17 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), and favors maneuvers following Rules 14 and 15. Specifically, the algorithm can ignore the specific maneuvering regulations of Rules 14 and 15, which may be required in situations where Rule 17 revokes a stand‐on obligation. The algorithm is experimentally validated in several full‐scale experiments in the Trondheimsfjord in 2017 using a radar‐based system for obstacle detection and tracking. To complement the experimental results, we present simulations where the BC‐MPC algorithm is tested in more complex scenarios involving multiple obstacles and several simultaneously active COLREGs rules. The COLAV experiments and simulations show good performance.
A New Avenue to the Synthesis of Symmetrically Substituted Pyridines Catalyzed by Magnetic Nano–Fe3O4: Methyl Arenes as Sustainable Surrogates of Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Gajaganti Somaiah , Kumar Dhirendra , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana , Allam Bharat Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA straightforward strategy has designed for the efficient synthesis of 2,4,6–triarylpyridinesvia a three component reaction of acetophenone, methyl arenes and ammonium acetate. The total transformation is successfully achieved using a magnetic nano–Fe3O4. The method developed is sustainable, using low cost feed stocks, operationally simple, and provide good to excellent yields.
Designed Formation of Hybrid Nanobox Composed of Carbon Sheathed CoSe2 Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Skeleton as Ultrastable Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Liu Yi , Jin Xu , Jiao Shuhong , Wang Gongrui , Peng Bo , Zeng Suyuan , Shi Liang , Li Jianming , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch on sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has recently been revitalized due to the unique features of much lower costs and comparable energy/power density to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which holds great potential for grid‐level energy storage systems. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are considered as promising anode candidates for SIBs with high theoretical capacity, while their intrinsic low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion upon Na+ intercalation raise the challenging issues of poor cycle stability and inferior rate performance. Herein, the designed formation of hybrid nanoboxes composed of carbon‐protected CoSe2 nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow skeletons (denoted as CoSe2@C∩NC) via a template‐assisted refluxing process followed by conventional selenization treatment is reported, which exhibits tremendously enhanced electrochemical performance when applied as the anode for SIBs. Specifically, it can deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 324 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles and exhibit outstanding high rate cycling stability at the rate of 5 A g−1 over 2000 cycles. This work provides a rational strategy for the design of advanced hybrid nanostructures as anode candidates for SIBs, which could push forward the development of high energy and low cost energy storage devices.