bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal Aberrations in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: KIOSSOGLOU KOSMAS A. , MITUS W. J. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Numerical and morphologic chromosomal aberrations were demonstrated in three cases of pernicious anemia in relapse. The morphological abnormalities including chromatid breaks, gaps and "giant" chromosomes were reduced in remission following vitamin B12 therapy. The numerical changes consisted of aneuploidy (45 and 44 chromosomes) with the most common finding encountered (6 to 100 per cent of the cells) being monosomy involving the G 21 chromosome. This was present, not only in the marrow cells, but also in other tissues, e.g., peripheral blood and possibly skin fibroblasts, thus suggesting a more generalized disorder. The numerical anomalies persisted in remission. It is postulated that the structural anomalies, namely chromatid breaks, gaps, acentric fragments and "giant" chromosomes are related to vitamin B12 deficiency and are correctable. The cause of the aneuploidy, since it was not correctable by treatment, is not clear. Since the patients were not studied before the disease had ensued, a congenital or acquired predisposition to megaloblastosis on the basis of G 21 monosomy cannot be excluded. The origin and significance of the extra chromatin material translocated onto the short arms of G 21 chromosomes in cases 1 and 3 remains unexplained.
An Electron Microscopic Description of Basophilic Stippling in Red Cells
Authors: JENSEN WALLACE N. , MORENO GIULIANA D. , BESSIS MARCEL C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cells which contain ribosomes presumably have the potential to form stippled cells. The ribosomes in cells from animals with phenylhydrazine and postphlebotomy anemia may form stippling when blood films are dried slowly or when stained supravitally with dilute concentrations of New Methylene Blue dye. The ribosomes of cells from animals with lead intoxication have a greater propensity to form aggregates and therefore to result in stippling.
Since the formation of stippling in cells is dependent on the dessication of cells, they are not seen in plasma suspended cells nor in cells prepared in routine fashion for electron microscopy. The basophilic stippled material produced in certain blood cells by the action of supravital dye consists exclusively of ribosomes. The association of nonheme iron with basophilic stippling is usually the consequence of the presence of two separate morphologic structures within the cells which may not be resolved, one from the other, in light or phase microscopy, but may be distinguished by the use of electron microscopy.
The "spontaneous" occurrence of the basophilic stippling may be interpreted as evidence of ribosomal abnormality, but the multiplicity of cellular injuries induced by lead, other chemicals, drugs or disease processes may indicate that ribosomal aggregation results from alteration of nonribosomal organelles or other cellular constituents.
Megakaryocytopoiesis in the Rat
Authors: EBBE SHIRLEY , STOHLMAN FREDERICK , Donovan Janet , Howard Donald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Labeling of rat megakaryocytes was observed after a single intravenous injection of tritiated thymidine, and the following conclusions were made.
1. Morphologic appearance of megakaryocytes corresponded to their stage of maturation.
2. Only the youngest recognizable megakaryocytes (stage I) appeared to have a DNA synthetic period.
3. Megakaryocytes did not undergo permanent cellular division.
4. There was probably some degree of ineffective megakaryocytopoiesis.
5. The average total maturation time of rat megakaryocytes was estimated to be 43-75 hours wih 8-14 hours in stage I, 11-19 hours in stage II, and 24-42 hours in stage III.
6. There was continuous influx into the megakaryocyte compartment from a precursor compartment. The immediate precursor cell was morphologically unrecognizable, but it appeared to have a generation time of ∼16 hours, a DNA synthesis period of ∼10 hours and a post-synthetic maturation time of ∼2 hours.
7. Reutilization of tritium probably accounted for maintenance of a high degree of labeling of megakaryocytes for a period of 1.5-4 days.
The Persistence of Extramedullary Leukemic Infiltrates during Bone Marrow Remission of Acute Leukemia
Authors: NIES BOYD A. , BODEY GERALD P. , THOMAS LOUIS B. , BRECHER GEORGE , FREIREICH EMIL J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukemic cell infiltrates were found at autopsy in the tissues of 10 of 15 patients with acute leukemia dying during "complete bone marrow remission." The kidney was the most common site of leukemic cell infiltrates followed by the liver, testes, bowel, lung, central nervous system, and lymph nodes.
These findings indicate that leukemic cells are not completely eradicated by current chemotherapy even in patients in whom no leukemic cells can be identified in the bone marrow.
The distribution of residual leukemic cells demonstrates that the central nervous system is not the only reservoir of leukemic cells in patients during bone marrow remission.
Evidence for a New Plasma Thromboplastin Factor I. Case Report, Coagulation Studies and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: HATHAWAY WILLIAM E. , BELHASEN LORETTA P. , HATHAWAY HELEN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of defective plasma thromboplastin formation in four siblings indicated a defect which was different from any of the known coagulation factor deficiency states. Although none of the children had any history of hemorrhagic tendencies, a prolonged whole blood clotting time in an 11-year-old girl led to the findings of a markedly prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT), abnormal thromboplastin generation test (TGT), and a normal prothrombin time in the patient and in three of her ten siblings. The abnormal PTT and TGT were corrected by aluminum hydroxide adsorbed fresh plasma and by serum. Using the kaolin-PTT system, equal mixtures of plasma from the patients and normal plasma produced a normal time. In addition, plasmas deficient in plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), Hageman factor (HF), antihemophilic factor (AHF), or plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) corrected the abnormality.
Physical and chemical properties of plasma correcting the defect in vitro indicated that the defect is closely related to that found in PTA and HF deficient plasma.
Human Bone Marrow Chromosomes in Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: POWSNER EDWARD R. , BERMAN LAWRENCE , MacLeod Alma Irene 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The long-recognized difference between chromosomes of megaloblastic and normal human marrow cells can be measured in the cells studied by us. The chromosomes from patients with megaloblastic erythropoiesis are approximately one-third longer than the corresponding normal chromosomes.
In Vitro DNA and RNA Synthesis in Human Bone Marrow Cells: A Study of 12 Normal Subjects and 12 Patients with Lymphoplasmocytic Disorders
Authors: SCHMID JAKOB R. , KIELY JOSEPH M. , TAUXE W. NEWLON , OWEN CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 12 normal subjects, DNA and RNA synthesis by individual marrow cells was studied in vitro by autoradiography after short-term incubation with tritiated nucleosides. The DNA labeling index and RNA synthesis rate were highest in normal immature cells. The DNA index was zero in all mature cells, including small lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the most actively proliferating normal immature cells, the RNA synthesis rate was about 5 times higher than in normal plasma cells. Since both normal immature cells and plasma cells are characterized by a high content of RNA and active protein synthesis, the results of the present study suggest that a high RNA turnover may not be necessary for protein synthesis to proceed in nonproliferating, protein-producing marrow cells.
In 10 patients with myeloma and in two patients with primary macroglobulinemia, the abnormal plasma cells were found to be labeled with H3thymidine in each instance. The RNA synthesis rate was about 3 times greater in plasmocytoid myeloma cells than in mature plasma cells of normal marrows, and also about 3 times greater in lymphocytoid myeloma cells than in mature lymphocytes of normal marrows. The abnormal cells in the lymphoplasmocytic disorders apparently differ from their counterparts in normal marrows not only by a higher proliferative potential, but also by a much greater rate of RNA synthesis.
In actively dividing normal bone marrow cells, high values for both DNA and RNA synthesis were found. By contrast, in the neoplastic lymphoplasma cells studied, a discrepancy was noted between relatively low values of DNA synthesis and high values of RNA synthesis. Production of abnormal proteins within long-lived neoplastic plasmocytic cells may account for this finding.
DNA Polymerase and Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzyme Content of Normal and Leukemic Glass Column Separated Leukocytes
Authors: RABINOWITZ YALE , Flynn Ann L. , Wilhite Betty A. , Bazeluk Walter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Enzymes of normal and leukemic glass column separated leukocytes were assayed with fluorometric (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase) and radioisotope (DNA polymerase) micromethods.
2. Most results were obtained by direct assay of the specific cell type. Some required simple calculation. It was demonstrated that the enzyme activity of mixed cell suspensions was the sum of the enzyme content of the component cells, at least for the enzymes studied.
3. Assays of mixed cell suspensions may give an erroneous picture. Thus changes in differential cell counts, as well as alterations in enzyme content of individual cells, must be taken into account for correct interpretation.
4. Changes in enzyme content of mixed cell suspensions after therapy were due chiefly to alterations in the differential cell count rather than to changes in the enzyme content of individual cell types.
5. The patterns of assays of the carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes studied, except isocitric dehydrogenase, paralleled each other. Highest values were found in mature PMN leukocytes and lowest in blasts. With isocitric dehydrogenase absolute values were much lower, while the highest assays were found in myelocytes.
6. DNA polymerase content correlated well with the ability of a cell to divide. It was highest in blasts and lowest in mature PMN leukocytes.
The Response of Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin to Pyridoxine Therapy in a Patient with Sideroachrestic (Sideroblastic) Anemia
Authors: LEE G. R. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of a patient with acquired sideroachrestic anemia and metastatic carcinoma of the prostate are presented. Although the administration of pyridoxine did not elicit a hematologic response, the administration of this vitamin was associated with a remarkable accumulation of protoporphyrin within the erythrocytes. It is suggested that there were two defects in the hemoglobin biosynthetic pathway: impaired incorporation of protoporphyrin into hemoglobin and defective delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesis. Pyridoxine had no effect on the former hut partially corrected the latter.
The Intravascular Survival of Transfused Canine Pelger-Huet Neutrophils and Eosinophils
Authors: CARPER H. A. , HOFFMAN PHYLLIS L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case history of the Pelger-Huët leukocyte anomaly in the dog is presented. The trait appears similar to that observed in humans and rabbits.
2. Disappearance from the circulation of transfused Pelger-Huët neutrophils was exponential with a T1/2 value of 4.8 hours.
3. Transfused PelgerHuët eosinophils rapidly disappeared from the circulation with a T1/2 value approaching 30 minutes.
The Iron Content of Jejunal Mucosa Obtained by Crosby’s Biopsy in Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis
Authors: ASTALDI G. , MEARDI G. , LISINO T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Perls’ test for iron (Prussian blue) has been performed on duodenal and jejunal specimens obtained by the Crosby capsule from healthy persons, as well as from patients affected with congenital hemochromatosis or acquired hemosiderosis (transfusion type). The small intestine was biopsied after an 18 hour fast.
As far as normal human beings are concerned, no hemosiderin was found in the epithelial cells of duodenum or jejunum, nor in the tunica propria of duodenum. On the other hand, the tunica propria of a number of jejunal villi showed siderotic macrophages which seemed to be storing or moving iron from the tips of the villi into the gut lumen.
In hemosiderosis, iron granulations were never found in the columnar epithelium, whereas siderotic macrophages, storing or removing iron, were much more numerous and iron-positive than in the normal, and these macrophages were not only in the tunica propria of jejunum, but also in that of the duodenum.
In hemochromatosis, the columnar epithelium of some duodenal villi had iron-containing granules, and many villi had siderotic macrophages in the tunica propria. These macrophages were not confined to the tips of villi, but were randomly distributed in the tunica propria. Furthermore, no macrophages appeared to be traversing the columnar epithelium or outside it.
Effects of Erythroid Hyperplasia on Patterns of Glycin-2-C14 Uptake in Heme and Globin of Human Peripheral Blood in Vivo
Authors: NATHAN DAVID G. , GARDNER FRANK H. , Lemire Virginia B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rate of appearance of C14 in the heme and globin of peripheral blood following intravenous administration of glycine-2-C14 has been measured in normals and in patients with androgen-induced erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera (iron deficiency) and virilizing Cushing’s disease with polycythemia. In all these cases of accelerated erythropoiesis a common alteration of the globin specific activity curve was observed. Heme specific activity curves were not affected.
The changes in the globin specific activity curves are best explained by consideration of the marrow erythroid cellularity during erythrocytosis.
The Binding of Cr51 to Hemoglobin
Authors: PEARSON HOWARD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In vivo elution rates of Cr51 from red cells containing Hb C and from placental red cells containing large amounts of Hb F have been determined. These were found to be 1.8 and 0.85 per cent per day, respectively, and do not differ greatly from those of normal adult red cells. Therefore, no special correction factors for elution need be used in evaluating Cr51 survival curves in these clinical situations. The in vivo elution rate of 3.5 per cent/day observed for Hb C-S is significantly greater than that of normal red cells.
The Ultrastructure of Negatively Stained Platelets
Authors: BULL BRIAN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Negative staining of whole mounts of platelets preserves several structures not previously described. External to the plasma membrane there is a coat which contains electron dense bodies of varying shape. External to the coat is a region which stains intensely with phosphotungstate. Platelet granules coexist with tubules in the granulomere as well as with a large number of other membraneous structures.
A speculative interpretation of the function served by these structures in platelet physiology is proposed. The PTA halo denotes a cloud of adsorbed plasma proteins, including fibrinogen maintained in the platelet environment by the coat. During viscous metamorphosis, coagulation is catalyzed by discharge of the contents of the granules and shedding of the coat.
Analytical Review: Leukemia or Lymphoma Occurring Subsequent to an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: OLEINICK ARTHUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The hypothesis of undue susceptibility to leukemia or lymphoma in individuals with autoimmune disease is evaluated by an analysis of case reports and an analysis of the mortality experience of series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. No direct support for the hypothesis is found. The difficulty in accumulating a sufficient number of person years at risk in series of individuals with autoimmune disease is noted and alternative approaches to validating this hypothesis are discussed.
Disseminated Eosinophilic Collagen Disease
Authors: PIERCE LAWRENCE E. , HOSSEINIAN ABDOL H. , CONSTANTINE ANTHONY B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with disseminated eosinophilic collagen disease as reported in the Scandanavian and European literature and perhaps described under various titles—such as eosinophilic leukemia, Loeffler’s syndrome, parietal endocarditis,16 and allergic granulomatosis17—is presented. The major clinical findings are dermal edema and erythema with pruritus and scaling; skeletal muscle pain, tenderness, and weakness; severe arthralgias and stiffness of small and weightbearing joints; hepatomegaly; and conspicuous lack of adenopathy. Blood examination shows normochromic anemia with intense neutrophilic leukocytosis and eosinophilia. Granulocytic leukemoid features eventually appear resembling chronic to subacute myelogenous or eosinophilic leukemia. Cardiac failure or infection is the usual cause of death. At autopsy there is generalized eosinophilic and neutrophilic with lesser mononuclear infiltrations of many organs, particularly the skin, myocardium, and skeletal muscle. The etiology is unknown. Environmental toxicities and hyperimmunity perhaps to drugs, bacterial products, or sustained autoantigenic stimuli are suggested possible explanations. Corticosteroids afford some symptomatic stabilization but the disease pursues a persistent downhill course.
Iron-Laden Mitochondria in Reticulum Cells of Hypersiderotic Human Bone Marrows
Authors: TANAKA YASUKAZU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron-laden mitochondria were observed in three cases of primary nonhereditary sideroblastic anemia. The cells involved are considered to be a peculiar type of reticulum cell, possibly with erythropoietic potentiality. This feature and the rare presence of iron in mitochondria of reticulum cells which are clearly identifiable as macrophages suggest that an enzymatic defect in hemoglobin synthesis may account for the majority, but probably not all instances, of iron-laden mitochondria.
Appearance of Hydrolase Rich Granules in Human Lymphocytes Induced by Phytohemagglutinin and Antigens
Authors: HIRSCHHORN ROCHELLE , HIRSCHHORN KURT , WEISSMANN GERALD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purified human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been shown to develop acid hydrolase-rich granules between 24 and 48 hours after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, prior to mitosis. This increase has been measured biochemically as a net increase in total activity of the lysosomal enzymes: acid β-glycerophosphatase, acid phenolpthalein phosphatase, and aryl sulfatase. The subcellular localization of acid hydrolytic enzyme activities has been investigated, and they have been shown to be concentrated in a large granule fraction of sucrose homogenates and to behave as if they were membrane-bounded, in that their activity could be released by lysolecithin. It has also been demonstrated by histochemical technics that stimulation of lymphocytes by antigen (PPD) and by streptolysin S, as well as by phytohemagglutinin, produced an increase in acid phosphatase activity. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of the response to phytohemagglutinin, has also been shown to inhibit the development of acid phosphatase activity. These results are interpreted to suggest that both specific and nonspecific stimulants of lymphocytes induce lysosome-like structures in premitotic cells.
Characterization and Properties of an Inhibitor of Factor VIII in the Plasma of Patients with Hemophilia A Following Repeated Transfusions
Authors: STRAUSS HERBERT S. , MERLER EZIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A circulating anticoagulant, which specifically inhibits Factor VIII (AHF), has been detected in some patients with hemophilia A who had received multiple transfusions. The inhibitor was quantitated by measurement of the degree of inactivation of Factor VIII. The data presented provide strong evidence for the antibody nature of the Factor VIII inhibitor in hemophilia: (1) All specific inhibitory activity of serum was detected in the γG globulin obtained by chromatography of the sera on DEAE cellulose. (2) Fab fragments obtained by digestion of the γG globulin with papain, contained 18-22 per cent of the specific inhibitory activity, while Fc fragments contained 0.4-3 per cent. F(ab')2 fragments obtained by digestion with pepsin contained 36-61 per cent of the specific inhibitory activity of γG globulin. (3) The level of the inhibitor of Factor VIII increased sharply following transfusions of blood and decreased slowly to its preinfusion level. (4) When small amounts of inhibitor were incubated in vitro with excess Factor VIII, the inhibitor activity was decreased. Infusion of Factor VIII into a patient with a low level of inhibitor decreased the inhibitor activity. (5) Clearance of the isologous inhibitor from the circulation of a normal subject was rapid.
Brief Report: The Enhanced Survival of Human Peripheral Lymphocytes in Vitro Using Subthreshold Concentration of Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: NASPITZ CHARLES K. , RICHTER MAXWELL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. It has been demonstrated that human peripheral lymphocytes can be adequately maintained in long-term culture, in a viable state, by the incorporation of a subthreshold concentration of phytohemagglutinin into the medium and changing the medium every 7 days.
2. These cells, after 42 days of culture, are capable of undergoing blastogenesis and mitosis upon incubation with blastogenic doses of phytohemagglutinin.
3. The morphology of these stimulated cells, and the degree of incorporation of isotope, attests to the healthy state of these cells.
4. Cells incubated for 42 days in the presence of a subthreshold concentration of PHA are capable of incorporating three to four times the amount of tritiated thymidine as can cells incubated for 42 days in medium without the subthreshold concentration of PHA.
Ficoll Flotation for the Separation of Blood Leukocyte Types
Authors: NOBLE P. B. , CUTTS J. HARRY , CARROLL K. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for the separation of leukocytes from peripheral blood, using flotation over Ficoll, is described. The method is amenable to considerable variation, and the leukocytes isolated show good preservation of their morphologic integrity, are motile and capable of phagocytosis.
Biochemical Variants of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Giving Rise to Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Disease
Authors: BEUTLER ERNEST , MATHAI CLARAMMA K. , SMITH JOSEPH E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Previous investigations have shown considerable biochemical heterogeneity in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of G-6-PD deficient patients with congenital hemolytic disease. The red cells of four subjects with this disorder and of some family members have been investigated. The G-6-PD of the first subject was different than any previously described mutant enzyme and was named Albuquerque. It resembled the Oklahoma variant of G-6-PD, but the elevation of the Km values for TPN and G-6-PD were less, the pH optimum was slightly different, the enzyme activity of the red cells was much lower, and the enzyme had marked thermal lability. The second patient also showed the presence of a new type of variant, which has been named Duarte. This enzyme was characterized by a marked shift of the pH optimum to the acid side, with otherwise normal kinetic and electrophoretic characteristics. The other two patients were found to have enzymes which appeared to be identical to the previously described Chicago variant and Mediterranean variant. The reasons why patients with Mediterranean variant may sometimes show congenital hemolytic disease are discussed.