bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilising capacity in a rural hospital to support older people requiring hospital care: Kilcoy Connect
Authors: Padayachee Ansuyah , Ranatunga Cassandra , Comans Tracy A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProblemThe increasing specialisation of medical care in larger centres is contributing to the declining use of rural hospitals that are close to larger centres, risking bed closures or even facility closure.DesignAn allied health‐led model of care supported by telehealth geriatrician services was developed and implemented in eight beds in a rural hospital to manage older patients needing geriatric evaluation and management.SettingThe project was set in Kilcoy Hospital, a small facility north of Caboolture in Queensland, Australia. The feeder hospital was Caboolture Hospital, the regional centre.Key measures for improvementOccupancy rates at the rural hospital along with length of stay, discharge destination and functional independence measure.Strategies for changeA project officer was employed 1 day a week to facilitate the implementation of the new model of care. Training and education were provided to medical and nursing staff to understand and implement the geriatric evaluation and management model of care.Effects of changeOver the project time frame, 93 patients were successfully managed in the rural hospital with improved occupancy rates. Outcomes were as effective and safe as compared to the group managed at the regional centre. The model of care is now routine practice.Lessons learntUsing excess capacity in rural hospitals by employing a geriatric evaluation and management approach is a viable strategy to address declining rural hospital usage.
Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging vs autopsy of second trimester fetuses terminated due to anomalies
Authors: Hellkvist Anna , Wikström Johan , Mulic‐Lutvica Ajlana , Ericson Katharina , Eriksson‐Falkerby Christopher , Lindgren Peter , Penno Eva , Axelsson Ove 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to investigate the accuracy of postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with fetal autopsy in second trimester pregnancies terminated due to fetal anomalies. A secondary aim was to compare the MRI evaluations of two senior radiologists.Material and methodsThis was a prospective study including 34 fetuses from pregnancies terminated in the second trimester due to fetal anomalies. All women accepted a postmortem MRI and an autopsy of the fetus. Two senior radiologists performed independent evaluations of the MRI images. A senior pathologist performed the fetal autopsies. The degree of concordance between the MRI evaluations and the autopsy reports was estimated as well as the consensus between the radiologists.ResultsThirty‐four fetuses were evaluated. Sixteen cases were associated with the central nervous system (CNS), five were musculoskeletal, one cardiovascular, one was associated with the urinary tract, and 11 cases had miscellaneous anomalies such as chromosomal aberrations, infections and syndromes. In the 16 cases related to the CNS, both radiologists reported all or some, including the most clinically significant anomalies in 15 (94%; CI 70%‐100%) cases. In the 18 non‐CNS cases, both radiologists reported all or some, including the most clinically significant anomalies in six (33%; CI 5%‐85%) cases. In 21 cases (62%; CI 44%‐78%), both radiologists held opinions that were consistent with the autopsy reports. The degree of agreement between the radiologists was high, with a Cohen's Kappa of 0.87.ConclusionsPostmortem fetal MRI can replace autopsy for second trimester fetuses with CNS anomalies. For non‐CNS anomalies, the concordance is lower but postmortem MRI can still be of value when autopsy is not an option.
Efficacy of meloxicam in a pain model in sheep
Authors: Colditz IG , Paull DR , Lloyd JB , Johnston L , Small AH 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, meloxicam, in alleviating pain and inflammation and on production‐related variables in a model of sterile acute inflammation in sheep.MethodsGroups of 12 mature Merino ewes received 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg meloxicam subcutaneously 90 min before injection of 0.1 mL turpentine subcutaneously on the anterior aspect of the proximal phalanx of a forelimb. Pain‐ and inflammation‐related variables were assessed at −18, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h relative to meloxicam administration. Daily feed intake and body weight change 7 days later were also assessed. Pain‐related variables measured were weight borne on each forelimb, lameness score, time each forelimb was raised in a 20‐s interval and tolerance to a noxious mechanical stimulus. Inflammation‐related variables measured were skin temperature, limb circumference, body temperature, plasma haptoglobin concentration and peripheral blood leucocyte parameters.ResultsMeloxicam was effective in improving all pain‐related variables. A dose‐dependent response was seen between 0 and 1.0 mg/kg, with no additional benefit provided by 1.5 mg/kg. At a dose rate of 1.0 mg/kg, meloxicam improved weight borne on the turpentine‐treated limb by 14%, reduced the time the treated limb was held in a non‐weight‐bearing posture by 46%, reduced the lameness score by 58% and improved tolerance to pressure by 52%. No significant effects of meloxicam on inflammatory variables or appetite were observed.ConclusionsUsing a validated pain model, the data suggested that 1.0 mg/kg meloxicam provided significant analgesic benefits to sheep.
Mixed‐methods approach to exploring patients’ perspectives on the acceptability of a urinary biomarker test in replacing cystoscopy for bladder cancer surveillance
Authors: Tan Wei Shen , Teo Chin Hai , Chan Delcos , Heinrich Malgorzata , Feber Andrew , Sarpong Rachael , Allan Jennifer , Williams Norman , Brew‐Graves Chris , Ng Chirk Jenn , Kelly John D. ,   DETECT II trial collaborators
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the minimal accepted sensitivity (MAS) of a urine biomarker that patients are willing to accept to replace cystoscopy and to assess qualitatively their views and reasons.Patients and MethodsPatients were part of a prospective multicentre observational study recruiting people with bladder cancer for a urine biomarker study (DETECT II; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02781428). A mixed‐methods approach comprising (1) a questionnaire to assess patients’ experience with cystoscopy and patients’ preference for cystoscopy vs urinary biomarker, and (2) semi‐structured interviews to understand patient views, choice and reasons for their preference.ResultsA urine biomarker with an MAS of 90% would be accepted by 75.8% of patients. This was despite a high self‐reported prevalence of haematuria (51.0%), dysuria/lower urinary tract symptoms (69.1%) and urinary tract infection requiring antibiotics (25.8%). There was no association between MAS with patient demographics, adverse events experienced, cancer characteristics or distance of patients’ home to hospital. The qualitative analysis suggested that patients acknowledge that cystoscopy is invasive, embarrassing and associated with adverse events but are willing to tolerate the procedure because of its high sensitivity. Patients have confidence in cystoscopy and appreciate the visual diagnosis of cancer. Both low‐ and high‐risk patients would consider a biomarker with a reported sensitivity similar to that of cystoscopy.ConclusionPatients value the high sensitivity of cystoscopy despite the reported discomfort and adverse events experienced after it. The sensitivity of a urinary biomarker must be close to cystoscopy to gain patients’ acceptance.
Late Weichselian to Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as reflected in ostracod assemblages
Authors: Stepanova Anna , Obrochta Stephen , Quintana Krupinski Nadine B. , Hyttinen Outi , Kotilainen Aarno , Andrén Thomas 
Published: January 2019

The study presents the first description and analysis of ostracod records from three sites cored in different parts of the Baltic Sea during the IODP Expedition 347, Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment. Our data present the first high‐resolution ostracod records from the Late Weichselian and Holocene sediments collected across the Baltic Sea Basin. Using published data on modern ostracod species ecology of the Baltic Sea, we were able to provide ostracod‐based palaeoreconstructions of the history of the region. The stratigraphical framework for the sites is based on radiocarbon‐based age models. The three studied sites reveal different ostracod assemblage successions that reflect environmental changes in the study area. Site M0060, located in the Kattegat area, contains the oldest ostracod assemblages that document a marine environment with very high sedimentation rates during the most recent deglaciation. Between ~13 000 and 7500 cal. a BP a modern‐like near‐shore environment developed. Site M0059 in the southwestern Baltic Sea, Little Belt area, contains assemblages reflecting the transition from a freshwater lake to the brackish Littorina Sea between ~7500 and 7300 cal. a BP. Site M0063 is the deepest location in the central Baltic, Landsort Deep, and yielded very limited ostracod data, but comparison with our organic carbon data allowed us to distinguish the Yoldia Sea, Ancylus Lake and Littorina Sea intervals. The ostracod record correlates well with the organic carbon record with alternation between periods of hypoxia and periods of low oxygen that still supported ostracods.
The insect‐focused classification of fruit syndromes in tropical rain forests: An inter‐continental comparison
Authors: Dahl Chris , Ctvrtecka Richard , Gripenberg Sofia , Lewis Owen T. , Segar Simon T. , Klimes Petr , Sam Katerina , Rinan Dominic , Filip Jonah , Lilip Roll , Kongnoo Pitoon , Panmeng Montarika , Putnaul Sutipun , Reungaew Manat , Rivera Marleny , Barrios Hector , Davies Stuart J. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Wright Joseph S. , Weiblen George D. , Novotny Vojtech , Basset Yves 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe propose a new classification of rain forest plants into eight fruit syndromes, based on fruit morphology and other traits relevant to fruit‐feeding insects. This classification is compared with other systems based on plant morphology or traits relevant to vertebrate fruit dispersers. Our syndromes are based on fruits sampled from 1,192 plant species at three Forest Global Earth Observatory plots: Barro Colorado Island (Panama), Khao Chong (Thailand), and Wanang (Papua New Guinea). The three plots differed widely in fruit syndrome composition. Plant species with fleshy, indehiscent fruits containing multiple seeds were important at all three sites. However, in Panama, a high proportion of species had dry fruits, while in New Guinea and Thailand, species with fleshy drupes and thin mesocarps were dominant. Species with dry, winged seeds that do not develop as capsules were important in Thailand, reflecting the local importance of Dipterocarpaceae. These differences can also determine differences among frugivorous insect communities. Fruit syndromes and colors were phylogenetically flexible traits at the scale studied, as only three of the eight seed syndromes, and one of the 10 colors, showed significant phylogenetic clustering at either genus or family levels. Plant phylogeny was, however, the most important factor explaining differences in overall fruit syndrome composition among individual plant families or genera across the three study sites.Abstract in Melanesian is available with online material.
Remembering in the Context of Internal States: The Role of Sleep for Infant Memory
Authors: Seehagen Sabine , Zmyj Norbert , Herbert Jane S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch with adults has shown that a person's internal context, or state, influences how memory functions. This factor is rarely considered in research on infant memory, in part because of the practical and ethical difficulties of manipulating these variables in infants. In this article, we argue that models of infant memory will remain limited in scope and accuracy if the internal context of participants is not considered. As a case in point, we present emerging literature on sleep‐dependent memory. Our review shows that for infants, timely sleep after a learning experience helps them retain and further process new memories. Studies need to explore the role of prior sleep for encoding, and to tease apart the contributions to infant memory of different types, features, and stages of sleep. We conclude that considering internal states, such as sleep, is necessary for developing a deeper understanding of early human memory.
Difference in the net value of ecological services between natural and artificial forests in China
Authors: Cao Shixiong , Zhang Junze , Su Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLand degradation is a global problem that seriously threatens human society. However, in China and elsewhere, ecological restoration still largely relies on a traditional approach that focuses only on ecological factors and ignores socioeconomic factors. To improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration and maximize its economic and ecological benefits, a more efficient approach is needed that provides support for policy development and land management and thereby promotes environmental conservation. We devised a framework for assessing the value of ecosystem services that remain after subtracting costs, such as the opportunity costs, costs of forest protection, and costs for the people who are affected by the program; that is, the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). To understand the difference between the value of a resource and the net value of the ecosystem service it provides, we used data on VES, timber sales, and afforestation costs from China's massive national afforestation programs to calculate the net value of forest ecosystem services in China. Accounting for the abovementioned costs revealed an NVES of ¥6.1 × 1012 for forests in 2014, which was 35.9% less than the value calculated without accounting for costs. As a result, the NVES associated with afforestation was 55.9% less than the NVES of natural forests. In some regions, NVES was negative because of the huge costs of human‐made plantations, high evapotranspiration rates (thus, high water opportunity costs), and low forest survival rates. To maximize the ecological benefits of conservation, it is necessary to account for as many costs as possible so that management decisions can be based on NVES, thereby helping managers choose projects that maximize both economic and ecological benefits.
Treatment outcomes and associations in an adolescent‐specific early intervention for psychosis service
Authors: Thomson Alice , Griffiths Helen , Fisher Rebecca , McCabe Robert , Abbott‐Smith Sue , Schwannauer Matthias 
Published: January 2019

AimCompared with adult onset psychosis, adolescent psychosis has been associated with poorer outcomes in terms of social and cognitive functioning and negative symptoms. Young people experiencing first episode psychosis have developmental needs that frequently pre‐date and are compounded by psychosis onset (a previous study). There is a lack of published studies of adolescent onset psychosis and further information is needed so that developmentally appropriate interventions can be developed. We report an observational naturalistic cohort study of an adolescent specific service, the Early Psychosis Support service (EPSS).MethodWe examined baseline demographic and clinical variables, treatments outcomes and predictors of outcome for this population.ResultsThe mean age of our sample was 16.3 years. Median duration of untreated illness (DUI) was 88 weeks, and median duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was 16 weeks. We found significant improvements in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization, excitement, emotional distress and depression from 0 to 12 months. We found that baseline positive symptoms and DUI significantly predicted positive symptoms at 12 months and only negative symptoms at baseline predicted 12‐month negative symptoms.ConclusionOur finding that specialist early intervention for adolescents experiencing psychosis is effective suggests that such treatment should be routinely offered in line with existing clinical guidelines. Our finding that DUI is predictive of poorer outcome at 12 months suggests that even earlier intervention from a specialist team may further improve treatment outcomes.
Splicing analysis of 26 F8 nucleotide variations using a minigene assay
Authors: Jourdy Yohann , Fretigny Mathilde , Nougier Christophe , Négrier Claude , Bozon Dominique , Vinciguerra Christine 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundClassically, the study of splicing impact of variation located near the splice site is performed by both in silico and mRNA analysis. However, RNA sample was rarely available.ObjectiveTo characterize a panel of putative haemophilia A splicing variations.Materials and methodsTwenty‐six F8 variations identified from a cohort of 2075 haemophilia A families were studied using both bioinformatic tools and in vitro minigene assays in HeLa and Huh7 cells.ResultsAn aberrant splicing was demonstrated for 21/26 tested sequence variations. A good correlation between in silico and in vitro analysis was obtained for variations affecting donor splice site (12/14) and for the synonymous variations located inside an exon (6/6). Conversely, no concordant results were observed for the six variations affecting acceptor splice sites. The variations resulted more frequently in exon skipping (n = 13) than in activation of nearby cryptic splice sites (n = 5), in use of a de novo splice site (n = 2) or in insertion of large intronic sequences (n = 1). This study allowed to reclassify 5 synonymous substitutions c.1167A>G (p.Gln389Gln), c.1569G>T (p.Leu523Leu), c.1752G>A (p.Gln584Gln), c.5586G>A (p.Leu1862Leu) and c.6066C>T (p.Gly2022Gly) as splicing variations. The pathological significance of five variations remained unclear (c.222G>A [p.Thr74Thr], c.237C>T [p.Asn79Asn], c.240C>T [p.Ile80Ile], c.2113+5_2113+8del and c.2113+5G>A).DiscussionThe minigene assay herein gave additional evidences for the clinical significance of 21/26 F8 putative splice site mutations. Such investigation should be performed for each F8 putative splice site variation for which no mRNA sample is available, notably to greatly improve the genetic counselling given to female carriers.
CD4+ T cells from patients with primary biliary cholangitis show T cell activation and differentially expressed T‐cell receptor repertoires
Authors: Nakagawa Ryo , Muroyama Ryosuke , Saeki Chisato , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Kaise Yoshimi , Koike Kazuhiko , Arai Jun , Nakano Masanori , Matsubara Yasuo , Takano Keiko , Hirata Yoshihiro , Saruta Masayuki , Zeniya Mikio , Kato Naoya 
Published: January 2019

AimPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with unknown pathogenesis. In PBC, activation of T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling is associated with inflammatory cytokine production through N‐Ras upregulation. Although the CD4+ T cell TCR repertoire could be associated with PBC pathogenesis, it has not been evaluated. Thus, we analyzed the PBC‐CD4+ T cell TCR repertoire using next generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsFour PBC patients (one treatment‐naïve and three receiving ursodeoxycholic acid) and three healthy individuals were enrolled. NRAS expression in CD4+ T cells was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). N‐Ras dynamics in CD4+ T cells were assessed by qRT‐PCR and GTP‐N‐Ras activation assay. The TCR α‐ (TRA) and β‐chain (TRB) repertoires on CD4+ T cells were analyzed by NGS and profiled using hierarchical analysis. Motif analysis was undertaken to elucidate the structure of PBC‐specific TCRs.ResultsNRAS was upregulated in PBC relative to control CD4+ T cells (P < 0.05), and N‐Ras enhanced T cell activation in CD4+ T cells. Among 2668 TRAs and 841 TRBs, 20 and 11, respectively, were differentially expressed in PBC compared to that in controls (P < 0.05, fold‐change >2). Among them, TRAV29/J22, TRBV6–5/J2–6, and TRBV10–1/J2–1 were expressed in PBC but the expression was negligible in the controls, with more mature and longer forms observed in PBC‐CD4+ T cells.ConclusionsN‐Ras was upregulated in PBC‐CD4+ T cells, and it enhanced TCR activation, indicating that PBC‐CD4+ T cells were activated by N‐Ras upregulation with differentially expressed TCR repertoires on their surfaces.
The species richness‐elevation relationship: global patterns of variation in chironomid richness in mountain lakes
Authors: Motta Luciana , Ruggiero Adriana , de Mendoza Guillermo , Massaferro Julieta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The species richness‐elevation relationship (SRE) is predominantly hump‐shaped along terrestrial gradients, but has been less explored in aquatic environments. Chironomids were used to evaluate the generality of the SRE in mountain lakes, and the role of methodological and biological factors in determining its shape.

The shape of 39 chironomid SREs distributed worldwide was identified by consensus between statistical and visual methods. A ‘coefficient of methodological integrity’ (Cin) was developed to combine information on sampling effort and homogeneity, and elevational extent in order to quantify the adherence of each dataset to methodological standards known to influence the SRE. Differences in the shape of the SRE between biogeographical regions, biomes and climatic regions were tested using Fisher's exact tests. A formal meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the overall strength of the SRE, and its association with geographical extent, sampling technique, biogeography, biomes and climate.

The SRE presented multiple forms, with considerable variation between identification methods. The most satisfactory datasets (i.e. lowest Cin values), showed predominance of non‐linear (low‐plateau and hump‐shaped) patterns. The Cin explained ~21% of pattern variation. Neither biogeography, nor biomes or climatic regions accounted for differences in the shape of the SRE.

The global predominance of non‐linear SRE suggests that chironomid richness generally remains high in lakes at mid‐elevations, decreasing sharply towards high elevations. As previously known for terrestrial environments, identification of SRE shape is influenced by analytical method. Whenever possible, tailoring the sampling design to increase methodological integrity will reduce uncertainty in the identification of SRE shape in mountain lakes.