bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Yield Strain Fatigue Experiments to Validate Low Cycle Methodology for Tubular and Connections
Authors: Krishna Shree , Milligan Ryan , George Ken , Krishnamurthy Ravi M. , Powers Jim , Krener III John 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Post yield design methodology using Ductile Failure Damage Indicator (DFDI) for well tubulars was proposed and has been used for tubulars and connections life assessment. The tubular design assessment model incorporates a connection strain localization factor (SLF) to assess the fatigue life of the tubulars. Critical strain, a material-dependent parameter essential for DFDI, is obtained using the uniaxial stress-strain tests (i.e., strained to failure uniaxial tests). Understanding the impact of accumulated cyclic damage on critical strain is essential to the post-yield design approach. This paper aims to validate and evolve the low cycle methodology by 1) quantifying the effect of accumulating cyclic plastic strain on the critical strain through a series of post-yield axial and thermal strain fatigue experiments, and 2) applying the post-yield design approach to assess tubulars and connections.
Low cycle fatigue experiments demonstrating the critical strain measurement and its dependency on the thermal and axial-strain cycles will be discussed in the paper. Critical strain (K55 and L80) from monotonic tests is compared to critical strain obtained from cyclically preconditioned samples. Effect of cyclic plasticity on critical strain is established quantitatively. Coupons are also subjected to the post-yield axial and thermal cycles to failure and compared to critical strain-based DFDI design predictions. Since connections are known to be the weakest link in the casing system, the impact of connection thread-forms on the strain localization factor is demonstrated using a series of finite element models and the experimental material responses. Axial strain-controlled loading would be applied on the tubulars and connections to estimate the damage using the DFDI approach. A systematic approach to delineate the dependency of critical strain on cyclic straining validates the effectiveness of DFDI in thermal well design. Further, the quantification of SLF for integrating connection into thermal well design provides a complete solution.
SAGD Production Casing Failure Diagnosis and Repair
Authors: Plaxton Bill , Pehlke Trent , Baxter Dennis , Crockett Matt , Kaiser Trent 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The operator experienced an unusual casing failure at a producing SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) oil well in summer of 2017. The subject well in the Firebag SAGD field of NE Alberta, Canada had operated successfully for over 11 years. Once the problem was identified, the well was shut in to determine the nature of the failure and options for repair and recovery so it could be returned to operation as soon as possible.
Tasks included identifying and isolating the failure, establishing the cause and nature of the failure, and determining viable repair options. Logging diagnostics to measure/image the failure were performed, which included new ultra-sonic logging imaging technology, high-resolution multi-finger caliper logging, a downhole camera run and conventional eddy flux casing inspection log. Historical log data was also reviewed to assess whether the failure evolved over time, or if the mechanism was acute. Once the nature of the failure was established, the optimal repair method was chosen, planned and carried out.
Sophisticated analysis of multi-finger caliper log data, camera images and new technology in the form of an ultrasonic imaging tool for the casing were utilized and are presented. A discussion of potential root cause mechanisms for thermal wells is provided, including a variety of failure modes that could be ruled out. Confidence in the failure mode specific to this well was increased by considering information acquired from multiple diagnostic tools. The nature of the connection failure determined from this process is outlined, along the rationale behind the repair method selected to remediate the well.
Increase Exposed Bitumen Reserves by Optimizing Wellbore Placement in Oil Sands with Extra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity LWD Service
Authors: Vetsak Aleksandr , Jablonski Bryce 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper describes a novel approach in drilling production wells while implementing real-time mapping of the Bitumen-Water Contact (BWC) with extra-deep azimuthal resistivity (EDAR) logging while drilling (LWD) service, thereby resulting in an increase of exploited bitumen reserves by optimizing wellbore placement. Within the Athabasca Bitumen Reservoir, the EDAR LWD service confidently mapped the BWC within a range of 2-22 meters below the entire producer wellbore. It also provided an earlier warning of an approaching low resistivity boundary, which allowed the operator to optimize the wellbore placement using real-time proactive steering decisions. In contrast to the existing azimuthal resistivity tools, which have the limited depth of investigation, this approach significantly mitigated the risks of intersecting or giving an incomplete picture of BWC surface. The real-time interpretation of extra-deep azimuthal resistivity data provided better understanding of the lateral distribution of the McMurray Formation along the horizontal wellbore, lithologically varying from clean sand facies to mud-filled channel facies and inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) facies. The fluid heterogeneity of the reservoir included partial reservoir charging, irregular BWC and lean zones, which compounded lithology complexity within the reservoir. In one of the case studies, 50 percent increase was achieved in actual exploited bitumen reserves in comparison to the projected exploited reserves if drilled per the planned trajectory.
This new LWD approach was proven effective while drilling horizontal appraisal and producing wells in unconsolidated formations with high reservoir heterogeneity, it offered an opportunity to better understand the bitumen reservoir and ultimately led to increased production performance of Oil Sands projects.
Experimental Assessment of Wire-Wrapped Screens Performance in SAGD Production Wells
Authors: Montero Pallares Jesus David , Wang Chenxi , Haftani Mohammad , Pang Yu , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Nouri Alireza 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study presents an evaluation of Wire-Wrapped Screens (WWS) performance for SAGD production wells based on Pre-packed Sand Retention Testing (SRT). The impacts of features such as flow rates, water cut, steam-breakthrough events and fluid properties on flow performance and sand production are analyzed. The aim is to obtain a better understanding of WWS performance under several SAGD operational conditions for typical sand classes in the McMurray Formation in Western Canada.
The study employs a large pre-packed SRT to assess the performance of WWS with different aperture sizes and standard wire geometries. The testing plan includes sand samples with two representative particle size distributions (PSD's) and fines contents. Testing procedures were designed to capture typical field flow rates, water cut, and steam-breakthrough scenarios. The amount of sand production and pressure drop across the zone of the screen and adjacent sand were measured and used to assess the screen performance. Furthermore, fines production was measured to evaluate plugging tendencies and flow impairment during production.
The experimental results and data analysis show that aperture selection of WWS is dominated by their sand retention ability rather than the flow performance. The relatively high open flow area (OFA) makes WWS less prone to plugging. There is an increase in flow impairment after finalizing the injection scheme (oil+water+gas); however, it is controlled over the acceptable margins even with a narrow aperture. Further, a comparison of initial and final turbidity measurements showed that fines mobilization and production during single-phase brine flow was higher than in two-phase brine-oil flow at the same liquid flow rate. Excessive produced sand was observed for wider slots during the multi-phase (brine, oil, and gas) flow when gas was present, highlighting the impact of the breakthrough of wet steam on sand control performance. Flow impairment and pressure drop evolution were strongly related to the mobilization and accumulation of fines particles in the area close to the screen coupon; it is critical to allow the discharge of fines to maintain a high-retained permeability. Results also signify the importance of adopting adequate flow rates and production scenarios in the testing since variable water cuts and GORs showed to impact both sanding and flow performances.
This research incorporates both single-phase and multiphase flow testing to improve design criteria for wire-wrapped screens and provide an insight into their performance in thermal recovery projects. An improved post-mortem analysis includes fines production measurements to correlate these to the retained permeability caused by the pore plugging, which has hardly been evaluated in previous studies.
Perspectives of Plant Natural Products in Inhibition of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sarwar Md. Shahid , Zhang Hong-Jie , Tsang Siu Wai 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Metastasis is often derived from increased invasion and migration of tumor
cells, and is the most frequent cause of cancer-associated death. Either the prophylactic or therapeutic
treatment of metastatic cancer remains very challenging today by virtue of the complex histopathology
and genetic or epigenetic variations. Medicinal scientists had discovered many potential anti-invasive
and anti-metastatic compounds from plant materials. However, data on currently available plant-based
compounds inhibiting cancer invasion and metastasis is relatively scanty and no published article has
been found with updated information in this unique and important aspect.

Methods:
We obtained relevant information from a structured search of 327 peer-reviewed articles,
including both research- and review-based papers, related to the use of plant materials in cancer treatments,
particularly for the suppression of invasion and metastasis.

Results:
We have categorized the plant-based products with anti-invasive or anti-metastatic properties
into alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, quinones, phenolics, xanthone and sulfur-containing compounds,
and complemented with their chemical structures, sources of isolation and biological targets in the present
review article.

Conclusion:
We aim to provide readers a convenient way in reviewing the potential anti-invasive and
anti-metastatic plant-based products with links to different mechanistic pathways, and to inspire researchers
with updated information for the development of new anticancer remedies.
Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate as an In situ Forming Implant for Sustained Release of Local Anesthetics
Authors: Li Hanmei , Xu Yuling , Tong Yuna , Dan Yin , Zhou Tingting , He Jiameng , Liu Shan , Zhu Yuxuan 
Published: November 2018

Objective:In this study, an injectable Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate (SAIB) drug delivery system (SADS) was designed and fabricated for the sustained release of Ropivacaine (RP) to prolong the duration of local anesthesia.Methods:By mixing SAIB, RP, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, the SADS was prepared in a sol state with low viscosity before injection. After subcutaneous injection, the pre-gel solution underwent gelation in situ to form a drug-released depot.Result:The in vitro release profiles and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that RP-SADS had suitable controlled release properties. Particularly, the RP-SADS significantly reduced the initial burst release after subcutaneous injection in rats.Conclusion:In a pharmacodynamic analysis of rats, the duration of nerve blockade was prolonged by over 3-fold for the RP-SADS formulation compared to RP solution. Additionally, RP-SADS showed good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the SADS-based depot technology is a safe drug delivery strategy for the sustained release of local anesthetics with long-term analgesia effects.
On the Mechanisms of Action of the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bar-Or David , Thomas Gregory , Rael Leonard T. , Frederick Elizabeth , Hausburg Melissa , Bar-Or Raphael , Brody Edward 
Published: November 2018

:
The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A)
has been shown to successfully relieve pain and inflammation in severe osteoarthritis of the knee
(OAK). LMWF5A contains at least three active components that could account for these antiinflammatory
and analgesic effects.

:
We summarize in vitro experiments in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, monocytic
cell lines, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and endothelial
cells on the biochemistry of anti-inflammatory changes induced by LMWF5A. We then
look at four of the major pathways that cut across cell-type considerations to examine which biochemical
reactions are affected by mTOR, COX-2, CD36, and AhR pathways. All three components
show anti-inflammatory activities in at least some of the cell types.

:
The in vitro experiments show that the effects of LMWF5A in chondrocytes and bone marrow–
derived stem cells in particular, coupled with recent data from previous clinical trials of single and
multiple injections of LMWF5A into OAK patients demonstrated improvements in pain, function,
and Patient Global Assessment (PGA), as well as high responder rates that could be attributed to
the multiple mechanism of action (MOA) pathways are summarized here. In vitro and in vivo data
are highly suggestive of LMWF5A being a disease-modifying drug for OAK.
Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Antiproliferative Compounds of Breast Cancer via Targeting the GPER
Authors: Zacarías-Lara Oscar J. , Méndez-Luna David , Martínez-Ruíz Gustavo , García-Sanchéz José R. , Fragoso-Vázquez Manuel J. , Bello Martiniano , Becerra-Martínez Elvia , García-Vázquez Juan B. , Correa-Basurto José 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Some reports have demonstrated the role of the G Protein-coupled Estrogen
Receptor (GPER) in growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Objective:
In an effort to develop new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer, we employed an in
silico study to explore the binding modes of tetrahydroquinoline 2 and 4 to be compared with the reported
ligands G1 and G1PABA.

Methods:
This study aimed to design and filter ligands by in silico studies determining their Lipinski's
rule, toxicity and binding properties with GPER to achieve experimental assays as anti-proliferative
compounds of breast cancer cell lines.

Results:
In silico studies suggest as promissory two tetrahydroquinoline 2 and 4 which contain a carboxyl
group instead of the acetyl group (as is needed for G1 synthesis), which add low (2) and high
hindrance (4) chemical moieties to explore the polar, hydrophobic and hindrance effects. Docking and
molecular dynamics simulations of the target compounds were performed with GPER to explore their
binding mode and free energy values. In addition, the target small molecules were synthesized and assayed
in vitro using breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Experimental assays showed that
compound 2 decreased cell proliferation, showing IC50 values of 50µM and 25µM after 72h of treatment
of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Importantly, compound 2 showed a similar
inhibitory effect on proliferation as G1 compound in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that both ligands
reach the GPER-binding site in a similar way, as was demonstrated through in silico studies.

Conclusion:
A concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation occurred with compound 2 in
the two cell lines regardless of GPER.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Dentin Remineralization During a Critical pH Exposure Using Quantitative X-Ray Microtomography
Authors: Sleibi A , Tappuni A , Mills D , Davis GR , Baysan A 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of mineral change in demineralized dentin at pH 5.5 after the application of dental varnishes containing fluoride with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride and bioglass, or fluoride alone.

Methods and Materials:
A total of 12 extracted human sound mandibular premolar root samples were coated with an acid-resistant varnish, leaving a 2 × 3 mm window at the outer root surface. These root specimens were then randomly divided into four groups and separately subjected to the demineralizing cycle at a pH of 4.8 for five days to create artificial caries-like lesions in dentin. Subsequently, each sample was imaged using quantitative x-ray microtomography (XMT) at a 15-μm voxel size. Each test group then received one of the following treatments: dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (CPP-ACP, MI varnish, GC Europe), bioglass and fluoride (BGA, Experimental, Dentsply Sirona), or fluoride alone (NUPRO, Dentsply Sirona), as well as a control group, which received no treatment. These samples were kept in deionized water for 12 hours. The thin layer of varnish was then removed. All samples including the nonvarnish group were subjected to the second demineralizing cycle at pH 5.5 for five days. The final XMT imaging was then carried out following the second demineralizing cycle. XMT scan was also carried out to varnish samples at 25 μm voxel size. The change in mineral concentration in the demineralized teeth was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative image analysis.

Results:
There was an increase in radiopacity in the subtracted images of all varnish groups; a significant increase in mineral content, 12% for the CPP-ACP and fluoride (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001), 25% BGA (p≤0.001), and 104% fluoride alone varnish (p≤0.001). There was an increase in the size of radiolucency in the lesion area with a significant decrease in mineral content in the nonvarnish group, 10% (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001).

Conclusions:
There was encouraging evidence of a remineralization effect following the application of dental varnish on dentin and also an observed resistance to demineralization during the acidic challenge in all cases. However, a dental varnish containing fluoride alone appeared to have a much greater effect on dentin remineralization when compared with CPP-ACP with fluoride and bioglass with fluoride.
Тhe Russian statehood. 2017
Authors: Butakov Alexander 
Published: November 2018

The subject. The author's research methodology of social processes is represented, by establishinga bond between the ways of property organization and governmental form – especiallyits political regime.The analysis of methodology is based on the historical materials devoted to Russian statehoodin terms of its transition states during the appropriate industrialization of domesticproduction.The results, scope of application. Since 1861, the Russian statehood during its existence hasexperienced a number of important transitional states, where the successful process offorming the traditional foundations of the corresponding society in different periods (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in terms of the author's methodology was and still is untenable.The basis of this methodology is the existing relationship between the concrete wayof property organization and its social function. Thus, a private way of property organizationreproduces the function of social development. A mixed (corporate) way provides a functionof social compromise (convergence). Finally, the common (collective) way of propertyorganization can be determined by the function of social security. A concrete way of propertyorganization arries out only a specific social function. An attempt to change this dependenceleads the corresponding society to the destruction of the foundations of its existence.Thus, the liquidation (abolition) of the private way of property organization objectivelyforms the impossibility of realizing the functions of social development and the functionsof social compromise (convergence) in the society by the common (collective) way ofits organization. There is another aspect of the relationship between a particular way oforganizing property and its social function. Each of the above methods of property organization,reaching a monopoly state that goes into rent, provides for self-destruction andtransformation of its social function as opposed to: from development to degradation, fromcompromise to confrontation, from social provision of society to the provision of clans. Abrief historical digression in the article makes it possible to disclose the content of thismethodology when analyzing the facts of life of Russian statehood, including its latest historyuntil 2017.Conclusions. The modern post-Soviet statehood in its various foundations: economic, political,social and cultural, when realizing the appropriate tendencies of segregation of theprivate way of property organization and the growing monopolization of state property,largely casts doubt on the future development of our society.
The History of the emergence and development of self-regulation in Russia
Authors: Algazina Anna 
Published: November 2018

The subject. The study of the Genesis of the emergence and development of any phenomenonallows to know its essence, as well as to make a prediction about the prospects for itsfurther development. Given the importance of self-regulation in the context of the changesin our country, administrative reform, addressing the problems of the Genesis of self-regulationis very timely and relevant.The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the emergence and developmentof self-regulation in Russia.Methodology. The methodological basis for the study: general scientific methods (analysis,synthesis, comparison, description); private and academic (comparative legal, interpretation,formal-legal).Results, scope. Under self-regulation this article is to understand the management activitiescarried out by self-regulatory organizations, and consisting in the development and establishmentof standards and rules of professional activity, as well as sanctions for non-complianceor inadequate performance. Based on the author's proposed definition of "self-regulation",the fundamental criterion for the recognition of any organizations the prototypeof the modern self-regulating organizations was selected the purpose of their creation: regulationof activity of subjects of professional activities and the availability of appropriategiven the objectives of the authority. The study of the history of creation and functioningof associations of subjects of professional activity allows to conclude that self-regulation isnot fundamentally new, previously unknown in our country a legal phenomenon.Conclusions. The first prototypes of self-regulatory organizations originated in Russia in theMiddle ages as a voluntary Association of merchants.In the XVIII century found the beginnings of a model of mandatory self-regulation. In thisperiod at the state's initiative used the European experience, was created workshops as anorganizational form of Association of artisans, granting the right to engage in trade.In the Soviet period on the self-regulation can only speak as declaratory of the principle offunctioning of the legal profession.The emergence of self-regulation as a special kind of management activities occurred inRussia in late 1990s – early 2000-ies. The greatest degree of legal regulation-regulationachieved after the adoption of the Law on SRO, established a combination of voluntary andmandatory models of self-regulation.