bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Maternal Dietary Antioxidants Modify the Relationship Between Binge Drinking and Small for Gestational Age? Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Coathup Victoria , Northstone Kate , Izadi Hooshang , Wheeler Simon , Smith Lesley 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundVitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids are potent dietary antioxidants that have been shown to attenuate ethanol‐induced harm in animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. A diet low in antioxidant‐rich foods may induce a state of oxidative stress in the context of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, potentially causing growth restriction in the developing fetus.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a longitudinal U.K. birth cohort. The sample comprised 9,699 women and their babies in Avon, U.K., with an estimated delivery date between April 1, 1991 and December 31, 1992. Alcohol consumption data were self‐reported at 18 weeks’ gestation via a postal questionnaire. Women reported any binge drinking (≥4 U.K. units/occasion) during the past month. Dietary data were self‐reported at 32 weeks’ gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. Estimated intakes of vitamins C and E and carotenoids were categorized into quartiles. Logistic regression models with interaction terms were used to investigate relationships between maternal binge drinking, dietary antioxidants, and fetal growth. Models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile) was defined using customized birth centiles.ResultsIn the unadjusted models, binge drinking was associated with higher risk of SGA birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 1.72, p = 0.005), and higher maternal intakes of vitamin C (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.96, p = 0.002) and vitamin E (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.95, p < 0.0001) were associated with lower risk of SGA birth. However, addition of potentially confounding variables attenuated these relationships. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that interaction terms were not significant for vitamin C (p = 0.116), vitamin E (p = 0.059), or carotenoid intakes (p = 0.174).ConclusionsThere was no evidence of maternal intake of dietary antioxidants modifying the relationship between maternal binge drinking and SGA birth.
Craving, cortisol and behavioral alcohol motivation responses to stress and alcohol cue contexts and discrete cues in binge and non‐binge drinkers
Authors: Blaine Sara K. , Nautiyal Nisheet , Hart Rachel , Guarnaccia J.B. , Sinha Rajita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlcohol use disorders are associated with high craving and disruption of stress biology, but their role in behavioral alcohol motivation is less clear. We examined the effects of craving and cortisol responses on behavioral alcohol motivation to stress, alcohol cue and neutral‐relaxing context cues, in addition to discrete alcohol cues, in demographically matched binge/heavy (BH) and moderate (MD) social drinkers. Subjects participated in a 3‐day laboratory experiment of provocation by three personalized guided imagery contexts and discrete alcohol cues followed by the ‘alcohol taste test’ (ATT) to assess behavioral motivation, as measured by ATT intake. Post‐ATT alcohol effects on craving and cortisol responses were also examined. Results indicate BH consumed significantly more alcohol than MD in the ATT. Stress and alcohol cue contexts, relative to neutral, led to significantly greater ATT intake across both groups, which also correlated positively with self‐reported alcohol use in past 30 days. Stress and alcohol context and discrete alcohol cues each significantly increased alcohol craving, more so in the BH than MD, and significantly predicted greater ATT intake in BH only. The BH showed significantly lower cortisol responses than MD overall and blunted cortisol responses to cues predicted significantly greater ATT intake in the stress condition for BH and in the alcohol cue condition for MD. Higher ATT intake predicted greater cortisol response and higher craving post‐ATT, and these effects were moderated by group status. In sum, findings suggest a role for sensitized context‐induced craving and blunted cortisol responses in increased behavioral motivation for alcohol.
Independent predictors of mortality in adolescents ascertained for conduct disorder and substance use problems, their siblings and community controls
Authors: Border Richard , Corley Robin P. , Brown Sandra A. , Hewitt John K. , Hopfer Christian J. , McWilliams Shannon K. , Rhea Sally Ann , Shriver Christen L. , Stallings Michael C. , Wall Tamara L. , Woodward Kerri E. , Rhee Soo Hyun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsAdolescents with conduct and substance use problems are at increased risk for premature mortality, but the extent to which these risk factors reflect family‐ or individual‐level differences and account for shared or unique variance is unknown. This study examined common and independent contributions to mortality hazard in adolescents ascertained for conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorder (SUD), their siblings and community controls, hypothesizing that individual differences in CD and SUD severity would explain unique variation in mortality risk beyond that due to clinical/control status and demographic factors.DesignMortality analysis in a prospective study (Genetics of Antisocial Drug Dependence Study) that began in 1993.SettingMulti‐site sample recruited in San Diego, California and Denver, Colorado, USA.ParticipantsA total of 1463 clinical probands were recruited through the juvenile correctional system, court‐mandated substance abuse treatment programs and correctional schools, along with 1399 of their siblings, and 904 controls.MeasurementsMortality and cause‐of‐death were assessed via National Death Index search (released October, 2017).FindingsThere were 104 deaths documented among 3766 (1168 female) adolescents and young adults (average age 16.79 years at assessment, 32.69 years at death/censoring). Mortality hazard for clinical probands and their siblings was 4.99 times greater than that of controls (95% confidence interval = 2.40–10.40; P < 0.001). After accounting for demographic characteristics, site, clinical status, familial dependence and shared contributions of CD and SUD, CD independently predicted mortality hazard, whereas SUD severity did not.ConclusionsIn the United States, youth with conduct and substance use disorders and their siblings face far greater risk of premature death than demographically similar community controls. In contrast to substance use disorder severity, conduct disorder is a robust predictor of unique variance in all‐cause mortality hazard beyond other risk factors.
TexNN: Fast Texture Encoding Using Neural Networks
Authors: Pratapa S. , Olson T. , Chalfin A. , Manocha D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a novel deep learning‐based method for fast encoding of textures into current texture compression formats. Our approach uses state‐of‐the‐art neural network methods to compute the appropriate encoding configurations for fast compression. A key bottleneck in the current encoding algorithms is the search step, and we reduce that computation to a classification problem. We use a trained neural network approximation to quickly compute the encoding configuration for a given texture. We have evaluated our approach for compressing the textures for the widely used adaptive scalable texture compression format and evaluate the performance for different block sizes corresponding to 4 × 4, 6 × 6 and 8 × 8. Overall, our method (TexNN) speeds up the encoding computation up to an order of magnitude compared to prior compression algorithms with very little or no loss in the visual quality.
Influence of soft tissue grafting, orofacial implant position, and angulation on facial hard and soft tissue thickness at immediately inserted and provisionalized implants in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Noelken Robert , Geier Jannik , Kunkel Martin , Jepsen Søren , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundResorption of hard and soft tissues following immediate implant insertion is frequently reported. Data regarding the influencing factors on facial tissue thickness are rare.PurposeThis retrospective study investigated the impact of connective tissue grafting, the orofacial angulation and position of immediately inserted and provisionalized implants on the facial hard and soft tissue thickness in the anterior maxilla within a 1‐ to 5‐year follow‐up.Material and MethodsImplants with the prerequisite of having preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a follow‐up of 1 to 5 years were included. Facial bone deficiencies were grafted flaplessly with autogenous bone in all sites. In a subgroup of implants additional connective tissue grafting was performed, whereas the remaining implants were not grafted with soft tissue. The orofacial tooth and implant angulation, the change of horizontal position and the facial bone thickness were measured by CBCT, the facial mucosa thickness by an ultrasonic device.ResultsIn total, 76 implants were placed in 55 patients. Sixty‐nine sites showed a facial bone defect. Thirty‐eight received a connective tissue graft additionally. All implants were still in function after a mean follow‐up of 36 months. The mean thickness of the facial mucosa was 1.72 mm at 1 mm, 1.63 mm at 4 mm, 1.52 mm at 6 mm, and 1.66 mm at 9 mm apically to mucosal margin. The bone thickness was 0.02, 0.25, and 0.36 mm initially and 1.32, 1.26, and 1.11 mm finally at 1, 3, and 6 mm apically to implant shoulder level. Mixed model analysis revealed an impact of the preoperative bone status on the facial bone increase. The facial soft tissue thickness was significantly influenced by the gingival biotype.ConclusionsThe results indicate that an initial severe hard tissue defect allows for significant bone regeneration. The facial soft tissue thickness is primarily influenced by the gingival biotype.
Radiological parameters related to success of the round window approach in cochlear implantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Kang Jae‐Yoon , Chung Jee‐Hye , Park Hee‐Sung , Park Yong‐Ho , Choi Jin Woong 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the radiologic parameters related to success of round window (RW) approach for cochlear implantation (CI).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic‐tertiary centre.ParticipantsEighty‐four consecutive patients without inner ear anomaly who underwent CI with the intent of the RW approach were included. The RW approach was performed through the facial recess after posterior tympanotomy (RW group). When the RW approach was not possible despite maximum effort to expose the RW, promontory cochleostomy (PC) was performed (PC group).Main outcome measuresThe following radiologic parameters were compared between the two groups: (a) Width of the facial recess, (b) oblique distance between the cochlear basal turn (CBT) and facial nerve (FN), (c) anteroposterior distance between the posterior margin of the RW and FN and (d) angle between the EAC and CBT.ResultsSeventy patients (83.3%) were implanted using the RW approach, and 14 patients (16.7%) underwent the PC approach for CI. The anteroposterior distance between the posterior margin of the RW and FN and the angle between the EAC and CBT in the RW group were significantly longer and wider than those in the PC group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that these two parameters were independent parameters for success of the RW approach.ConclusionsThe distance between the posterior margin of the RW and FN and the angle between the EAC and CBT are associated with success of RW approach. Therefore, preoperative radiologic analysis of the two parameters might help CI surgeons to select RW approach.
Linagliptin as add‐on to empagliflozin in a fixed‐dose combination in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Glycaemic efficacy and safety profile in a two‐part, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Haneda Masakazu , Tanaka Yuko , Lee Ganghyuck , Shiki Kosuke , Miyamoto Yuki , Solimando Fernando , Lee Jisoo , Lee Christopher , George Jyothis 
Published: August 2018

AimsThis two‐part, double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (83 sites) evaluated the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin (Empa) 10 or 25 mg and linagliptin (Lina) 5 mg fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were poorly controlled with Empa.Materials and methodsPatients (previously drug‐naive or using one oral antidiabetic drug for ≥ 12 weeks) entered an open‐label stabilization period (16 weeks, Empa 10 mg [Part A] or Empa 25 mg [Part B]). Subsequently, they received Empa 10 mg plus placebo (Plc) for Empa/Lina10/5 (Empa/Plc 10/5; Part A) or Empa 25 mg plus Plc for Empa/Lina 25/5 (Empa/Plc 25/5; Part B) for 2 weeks. Patients with HbA1c 7.5–10.0% were randomized (1:1) to a 24‐week regimen of once‐daily Empa/Lina 10/5 (n = 107) or Empa/Plc 10/5 (n = 108) in Part A, or to Empa/Lina 25/5 (n = 116) or Empa/Plc 25/5 (n = 116) in Part B, with a 28‐week extension period in Part B.ResultsChange from baseline in HbA1c at Week 24 was greater (P < 0.0001) with Empa/Lina than with Empa/Plc (primary outcome, Empa/Lina 10/5: −0.94 vs −0.12%; adjusted mean difference, −0.82%; Empa/Lina 25/5: −0.91 vs −0.33%; adjusted mean difference, −0.59%). Over 24‐ and 52‐week periods, higher proportions of patients achieved HbA1c < 7.0% and greater decreases in fasting plasma glucose were observed with Empa/Lina compared with Empa/Plc. Empa/Lina was well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse events or diabetic ketoacidosis. One case of confirmed hypoglycaemia with Empa/Plc 25/5 was reported.ConclusionsThese results support Empa/Lina FDC as a potential option for Japanese patients with T2DM who require combination therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02489968.
Mortality in heart failure with atrial fibrillation: Role of digoxin and diuretics
Authors: Gonzalez‐Loyola Felipe , Abellana Rosa , Verdú‐Rotellar José‐ Maria , Bustamante Rangel Alejandro , Clua‐Espuny Josep Lluís , Muñoz Miguel‐Angel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on mortality of patients with heart failure (HF) has been established. Nevertheless, the effect of some factors in mortality, such as digoxin or diuretic use, remains controversial. This study aims at assessing mortality in community‐dwelling patients with stable HF related to AF and determines the relation of these drugs with prognosis.Materials and methodsCommunity‐based cohort study of HF patients diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2014 attended at any one of the 279 primary healthcare centres of the Catalan Institute of Health (Spain). Follow‐up ended on December 31, 2015, and the main outcome was mortality for all causes. The effect of clinical and demographic characteristics on survival was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 13 334 HF patients were included. Mean age was 78.7 years (SD 10.1), and 36.8% had AF. Mean follow‐up was 26.9 months (SD 14.0). At the end of the study, 25.8% patients had died, and mortality was higher when AF was present (28.8% vs 24.1%, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate model confirmed the higher risk of death for AF patients (HR 1.10 95%, CI 1.02‐1.19). Digoxin and diuretics were not associated with higher mortality in AF patients (HR 1.04 95% CI 0.92‐1.18 and HR 1.04 95% CI 0.85‐1.26, respectively).ConclusionsAn excess of mortality in HF patients with AF was found in a large retrospective community‐based cohort. Digoxin and diuretics did not affect mortality in HF patients with AF.
Behavioral responses of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, to odors of three meliponine bee species and honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata
Authors: Bobadoye Bridget O. , Fombong Ayuka T. , Kiatoko Nkoba , Suresh Raina , Teal Peter E. A. , Salifu Daisy , Torto Baldwyn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that honey bees, bumble bees, and some meliponine bee species of the genera Trigona, Meliponula, and Dactylurina are hosts of the small hive beetle (SHB) Aethina tumidaMurray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a pest of honey bee colonies in various regions of the world. Olfaction has been implicated in SHB infestations of honey bee and bumble bee colonies. We used olfactometer bioassays to investigate responses of adult male and female SHBs to odors from intact colonies and separate hive components (pot honey, pot pollen, cerumen, and propolis) of three African meliponine bee species, Meliponula ferruginea (Lepeletier) (black morphospecies), M. ferruginea (reddish brown morphospecies), and Meliponula bocandei (Spinola) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Although both sexes of the beetle strongly preferred intact colony, pot honey, and pot pollen odors, there was no evidence of attraction to propolis and cerumen odors from the three meliponine bee species. Both sexes of SHB also strongly preferred odors from honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), over odors from the three meliponine bee species. Our results provide substantial evidence of the host potential of African meliponine bees for the SHB, and we discuss this complex association of the SHB with species within the Apidae family.
Impact of performance status and transfusion dependency on outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with azacitidine (PIAZA study)
Authors: Wehmeyer Jürgen , Zaiss Matthias , Losem Christoph , Schmitz Stephan , Niemeier Beate , Harde Johanna , Hannig Carla Verena , Harich Hanns‐Detlev , Müller Judith , Klausmann Martine , Tessen Hans Werner , Potthoff Karin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveAzacitidine (Vidaza®) is the standard treatment for patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the noninterventional study PIAZA, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of azacitidine treatment in 149 patients with higher‐risk MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in routine clinical practice.MethodPatients were treated according to physician's discretion. Besides evaluation of safety and effectiveness, impact of covariates on progression‐free survival (PFS) was assessed.ResultsMedian age of patients was 75 years. 61.1% of patients were diagnosed with MDS, 31.5% with AML and 7.4% with CMML. Patients were treated with azacitidine for a median of seven cycles. Median PFS was 10.9 months. Median OS was 14.1 months. Two‐year survival rate was 28.9%. 45.9% of patients showed CR or PR. Stable and progressive disease were observed in 37.2% and 8% of patients, respectively. Transfusion independence was reported in 64 of 89 patients. Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status (PS) and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion before azacitidine therapy were identified as predictive factors for PFS.ConclusionIn conclusion, we estimated the duration of PFS in a real‐world setting and identified ECOG PS and RBC transfusion as predictive factors for PFS. The safety of azacitidine showed a similar profile as demonstrated in the pivotal clinical trials.
Equine viral arteritis (EVA): A potential trapdoor for the practicing veterinary surgeon in the United Kingdom
Authors: Crabtree J. R. , Newton J. R. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEquine viral arteritis (EVA) is a notifiable disease in the UK with potentially serious consequences for horse owners and breeders. Legislation exists under ‘The Equine Viral Arteritis Order 1995’ to protect the UK from this contagious equine disease. The UK is at risk of introduction of EVA through importation of infected horses or semen. There is however much misunderstanding regarding the importance of EVA and occasionally misinterpretation, specifically on how to protect and manage stallions with vaccination. Issues with changing vaccine datasheet recommendations and vaccine availability have resulted in stallions being inappropriately vaccinated or vaccinations lapsing. This article is aimed at the practicing veterinary surgeon, to update them as to the current status of EVA vaccination and disease screening in horses in the UK and how to avoid some common pitfalls.
MRGPRX2 is negatively targeted by SCF and IL‐4 to diminish pseudo‐allergic stimulation of skin mast cells in culture
Authors: Babina Magda , Wang Zhao , Artuc Metin , Guhl Sven , Zuberbier Torsten 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMRGPRX2 was recently uncovered as the “missing link” in clinically relevant mast cell (MC) activation explaining previously puzzling phenomena. It is the receptor for various endogenous ligands and exogenous compounds alike, whose binding evokes rapid degranulation much like allergen‐mediated exocytosis. While the perceivable outcomes are similar, the two activation routes differ regarding mechanism and regulation. We recently reported that acute SCF administration curbs responses evoked by MRGPRX2 in human skin MCs. Maintenance of MCs in culture requires the presence of MC supportive factors and renders the cells functionally and molecularly unequal to ex vivo counterparts. Here, we asked whether expansion in culture impacts the pseudo‐allergic route, and if so, what contribution SCF and IL‐4 play in this scenario. We report that the in vitro micromilieu dampens (but does not erase) pseudo‐allergic responses and that this is accompanied by strongly reduced MRGPRX2 expression. Withdrawal of SCF or IL‐4 individually, but most potently of both collectively, partially reinstates the MRGPRX2 pathway, revealing that SCF and IL‐4 make negative adjustments to the pseudo‐allergic pathway. Under all conditions, the FcεRI‐triggered route showed the inverse pattern of regulation, substantiating that allergic and pseudo‐allergic MC activation can obey opposite rules, hinting at possible competition between them.
LGI3 promotes human keratinocyte differentiation via the Akt pathway
Authors: Kim In Wook , Jeong Hyo‐Soon , Kwon Nyoun Soo , Baek Kwang Jin , Yun Hye‐Young , Kim Dong‐Seok 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3), a member of the LGI family, is a secreted protein that is expressed not only in the brain and adipose tissues, but also in various skin cells. We previously reported that LGI3 was secreted after exposure to ultraviolet B and promoted the migration of HaCaT human keratinocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether LGI3 influences the differentiation of keratinocytes. The results show that the expression of involucrin, a keratinocyte differentiation marker, was reduced in tissue from LGI3‐knockout mice. Those results indicate that LGI3 plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. Therefore, we treated HaCaT cells with LGI3 to examine its effect on keratinocyte differentiation. Protein levels of various differentiation markers were enhanced by treatment with LGI3. Furthermore, expression of differentiation markers was inhibited when keratinocytes were transfected with an siRNA for LGI3. LGI3 strongly activated Akt, whereas it had no apparent effect on extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, or the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. A specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, LY294002, reduced LGI3‐induced expression of differentiation markers in HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results suggest that LGI3 promotes keratinocyte differentiation and could be used as a therapeutic agent to recover skin barrier function in epidermal barrier disruption.