bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information-to-work conversion by Maxwell’s demon in a superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamical system
Authors: Masuyama Y. , Funo K. , Murashita Y. , Noguchi A. , Kono S. , Tabuchi Y. , Yamazaki R. , Ueda M. , Nakamura Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInformation thermodynamics bridges information theory and statistical physics by connecting information content and entropy production through measurement and feedback control. Maxwell’s demon is a hypothetical character that uses information about a system to reduce its entropy. Here we realize a Maxwell’s demon acting on a superconducting quantum circuit. We implement quantum non-demolition projective measurement and feedback operation of a qubit and verify the generalized integral fluctuation theorem. We also evaluate the conversion efficiency from information gain to work in the feedback protocol. Our experiment constitutes a step toward experimental studies of quantum information thermodynamics in artificially made quantum machines.
Lebenswert(er) altern
Authors: Gürtler Klaus 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Theorien des Alter(n)s Lässt es sich individuell steuern, erfolgreich zu altern? Um dieser Frage auf den Grund zu gehen, diskutiert unser Autor diverse
gerontopsychologische Theorien, die unterschiedliche Aspekte der Lebensphase über 65 Jahre thematisieren, und gleicht sie mit der Wirklichkeit ab. Generelle
Antworten gibt es nicht – aber hoffnungsvolle Perspektiven, um das Alter(n) lebenswerter zu machen.
Darstellungen von Sexualität in den Massenmedien: Ansätze, Theorien und Befunde inhaltsanalytischer Forschung
Authors: Lemke Richard , Tornow Tobias 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Darstellungen von Sexualität in den Massenmedien können als kulturelle Szenarien von Sexualität im Sinne der Theorie sexueller Skripte
angesehen werden.
Forschungsziele: Der Beitrag soll – mit einem Fokus auf diejenigen Skripte, die in alltägliche Unterhaltungsmedien eingebunden sind – einen aktuellen Überblick
über inhaltsanalytische Studien zu Sexualitätsdarstellungen in Massenmedien geben.
Methoden: Verschiedene forschungslogische Ansätze von Inhaltsanalysen werden diskutiert. Darauf aufbauend werden die theoretischen Einbettungen
sexualitätsbezogener Inhaltsanalysen aufgezeigt. Anschließend wird anhand ausgewählter Schlüsselstudien dargestellt, wie sexuelles Verhalten inhaltsanalytisch
bisher operationalisiert wurde, und welche empirischen Befunde vorliegen.
Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich, dass Sexualitätsdarstellungen in massenmedialen Unterhaltungsformaten allgegenwärtig sind, aber nicht besonders explizit
ausfallen. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass mediale Sexualitätsdarstellungen bis heute sehr stark geschlechterstereotypisierend ausfallen, allerdings mit deutlichen
Differenzen zwischen verschiedenen Mediengenres. Schließlich deutet der Forschungsstand darauf hin, dass die sexuellen Risiken und Konsequenzen von Sex in
Unterhaltungsmedien verhältnismäßig selten thematisiert werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Forschung zu sexuellen Mediendarstellungen im deutschsprachigen Raum weist noch viele Lücken auf. Künftige Studien sind
angezeigt.
Catalyst design by scanning probe block copolymer lithography
Authors: Huang Liliang , Chen Peng-Cheng , Liu Mohan , Fu Xianbiao , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Yu Yanan , Wolverton Chris , Kang Yijin , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
It is a major challenge in catalysis to uncover structure–performance relationships that drive the design and optimization of high-performance/low-cost catalysts. When one considers the number of potential elemental combinations for catalysts and then includes variables, such as particle size and elemental stoichiometry, the number of possibilities is daunting. There are also significant challenges facing the synthetic chemist, who is tasked with making and characterizing such complex architectures. Indeed, a way of substantially narrowing the field is essential. In this work, we introduce an effective approach that combines computational prediction, experimental verification using a well-defined nanomodel, and finally production of high-performance catalysts in bulk as a powerful tool for discovering and designing catalysts for energy conversion and storage.
The Mirroring Project
Authors: Tarone Elaine , Meyers Colleen 
Published: March 2018

The Mirroring Project (Lindgren et al., 2003; Meyers, 2013, 2014) is a pedagogical option helping those who speak in a second language to improve their intelligibility in a holistic, context-sensitive way. Longitudinal, video-recorded evidence shows how the suprasegmental phonology of one adult English L2 learner, an international teaching assistant in a U.S. university, changes over time, as she “mirrors” the speech of an English speaker she herself has selected as a model. Importantly, it is the learner’s suprasegmentals and nonverbal communication movements which were the focus of instruction, and which noticeably improved due to the Mirroring Project. These findings can be accounted for using the Douglas Fir Group’s (2016) transdisciplinary framework, and Baktin’s constructs of double voicing and semantic language play (Cook, 2000; Tarone, 2000; Broner & Tarone, 2001).
Reason-coding in Japanese
Authors: Kawanishi Yumiko , Iwasaki Shoichi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines how reasons are expressed in Japanese discourse, employing the Multiple Grammar (MG) Model proposed by Iwasaki (2015) as a theoretical foundation. It shows how the model can explain different ways in which reasons are expressed in conversation and newspaper editorials. This research is different from most previous works in that it starts with the function of reason coding rather than forms such as kara and node. In conversations, reasons are coded flexibly by employing mechanisms suited for on-line production while in editorials they are expressed using complex structures such as embedding with complement and relative clauses, made possible because there is almost no time constraint.
The form and meaning of the dangling mitaina construction in a network of constructions
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In recent years the use in Japanese of the prenominal form mitaina of the evidential expression, mitaida ‘(it) look(s) like,’ has been observed at the utterance final position with no noun following it. The pragmatic function of this apparently innovative construction has been described in terms of the speakers’ distancing from a vivid and engaged description in the preceding clause. This chapter suggests as an alternative analysis of the construction, based on spoken and written data, that mitaina signals the speaker’s stance, conveying his/her impressionistic and vivid description of the situation described in the preceding component. The pairing of the form and meaning makes this construction a full-fledged grammatical construction in terms of Construction Grammar, rather than an idiosyncratic phenomenon.
“Late projectability” of Japanese turns revisited
Authors: Nakamura Kanae 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Examining an interrelation between gaze and syntax in Japanese interaction, this study reveals the tendency that a speaker’s gaze shift to a recipient occurs in association with the final predicate of the turn-constructional unit (TCU), regardless of the grammatical form of the component following the predicate. The finding proposes that a speaker’s gaze projects an imminent onset of transition space in which a recipient may begin a next turn without being regarded as an interruption. While past studies highlighted the interactional significance of the utterance-final elements that “retroactively” mark the immediately preceding verb/adjective/nominal as the TCU-final predicate, this study uncovers that a speaker’s mid-TCU gaze shift serves as another resource to “proactively” mark the upcoming predicate as a TCU-final one.
Negotiating entitlement in Japanese
Authors: Geyer Naomi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study investigates how speakers construct their entitlement (the speaker’s right and/or capacity to perform certain actions) in requests observed in Japanese workplace discourse. It shows that the -te kudasai format frequently appears in requests originally issued by an outside entity and whose content had already been agreed upon. Other forms of request appear when issuers framed their request as their own, and these requests tend to include mitigation elements (e.g., qualification of requested actions and apologies). The study concludes that the speaker’s strong or weak entitlement to issue a request is related to the discourse participants’ understanding of institutional procedures (knowledge of duties, channels of agreement) and institutional identity (their connection to the original issuer of requests).
From subjectivity to intersubjectivity
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study investigates the discourse-pragmatic functions of the Japanese sentence-final expression kamo (shirenai) ‘maybe’ in natural conversations. By investigating 72 cases of kamo (shirenai) in sequential contexts, my study demonstrates that showing epistemic uncertainty is not the only function that kamo (shirenai) carries in conversational discourse; rather, it mainly serves for intersubjective purposes to downplay the assertiveness of statements, or to present non-full approval in a noncommittal manner. Further, I suggest that kamo (shirenai) shows a new tendency of usage in contexts when the speaker attempts to express personal emotions in a less ego-focused manner.
Metapragmatic discourse in self-help books on Japanese women’s speech
Authors: Okamoto Shigeko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Drawing on the indexical view of language (Agha 2007; Eckert 2008, 2012; Silverstein 1979, 2003), I reexamine the notion of (normative) linguistic femininity by analyzing metapragmatic discourse in self-help books on Japanese women’s speech. My analysis demonstrates that what is taught as ideal speech for women by self-help books is broader and more complex than the scholarly characterization of joseego ‘women’s language.’ Based on the findings, I discuss the role of language ideology in the process of linking linguistic forms and social meanings, the multiplicity and variability of indexical meanings, the importance of sexuality for linguistic femininity, the coordination of multiple linguistic and extra-linguistic features to index social meanings, and the use of linguistic (and extra-linguistic) features as creative indexes.
Linguistic nationalism and fictional deception
Authors: Suzuki Satoko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In Japan many subscribe to linguistic nationalism expressed in propriety terms: only the ethnically Japanese possess the Japanese language and can speak it competently. This means, conversely, a metapragmatic stereotype regarding non-Japanese exists: non-Japanese cannot speak the language perfectly. While many representations of non-Japanese characters in fiction reflect this stereotype, this chapter analyzes a novel in which the author deliberately exploits the stereotype for dramatic effect. He has a non-Japanese character speak in a casual, natural, and gendered manner, and successfully deceives readers into believing the character is Japanese. When the true identity of the character is revealed, it comes as a complete surprise. The surprise serves as a wake-up call for readers to reflect on their sense of exclusivity.
How does a non-native Japanese literary writer dissimulate and diversify the Japanese language?
Authors: Makino Seiichi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter addresses an issue of linguistic dissimulation and diversity created by Nihongo Sakka with an exclusive focus on Hideo Ian Levy. My working hypotheses are: (i) the linguistic differences between the Nihongo Sakka’s native language and the Japanese language should provide him/her conflicting viewpoints that allow the writer to produce something newly amalgamated; (ii) trans-bordering Nihongo Sakka who mentally and physically move from Uchi-Language Space into Soto-Language Space are constantly engaged in translation; (iii) their individual styles are likely to bring in a fresh Japanese style that contributes to dissimulation and diversification of the Japanese language and its style; (iv) the Japanese language has already diversified itself diachronically and synchronically within its social milieu like any other human language.
Futurecast applied to tourism.
Authors: Rate S. , Moutinho L. , Ballantyne R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter deals with the analysis of future trends or 'futurecasting' in the tourism sector. Initially, the chapter considers the evolution of consumer groups through exploring emerging markets, then the megatrends of consumer behaviour. Finally, it considers the impact on marketing strategy and the development of new marketing paradigms in response to the concept of futurecasting.
Towards a new strategic paradigm.
Authors: Pérez R. A. , Pérez-Ferrant A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter analyses how the approach to strategy had diverged and presents criticisms of traditional management. Failures and consequences are dissected. The chapter then introduces the first re-foundation movement and the New Strategic Theory (NST). A number of principles and key changes in the NST approach are discussed. The 2nd Reconstruction Movement is then introduced and the application of the new philosophy to tourism is explained. Some illustrative case studies are also shown.
Association between red blood cell indices and CD4 count in HIV-positive reproductive women
Authors: Lumbanraja S N , Siregar D I S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Red blood cell indices, hemoglobin, and hematocrit reflect rapidity of HIV disease progression. This study aims to determine red blood cell indices and CD4 count in HIV-positive reproductive women. This study was a cross sectional study conducted at AIDS outpatient clinic at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan Indonesia. All seropositive reproductive women within antiretroviral therapy consented for blood count and CD4 examination. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 19. In subjects with CD4≤350 mm3, mean hemoglobin was 10.95 ± 2.01, hematocrit was 31.83 ± 5.04%, MCV was 84.17 ± 11.41, MCH was 25.98 ± 2.65, and MCHC was 32.18 ± 2.17. Mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH value was significantly lower in subjects with CD4 ≤350 mm3 (p=0.014; p=0.001; p=0.01; respectively). Lower Hb, Ht, and MCH associated with thelower CD4 count.
Profile of hepatitis B and C virus infection in prisoners in Lubuk Pakam correctional facilities
Authors: Rey I , Saragih R H , Effendi-YS R , Sembiring J , Siregar G A , Zain L H 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Prisoners in correctional facilities are predisposed to chronic viral infections because of their high-risk behaviors or unsafe lifestyle. The economic and public health burden of chronic hepatitis B and C and its sequelae need to be addressed, such as by finding the risk factors and therefore reducing the spread of HCV and HBV infection in prisons. This study aimed to see the profile of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection in prisoners in Lubuk Pakam Correctional Facilities. This cross-sectional study was in Lubuk Pakam Correctional Facilities in 2016. From 1114 prisoners in Lubuk Pakam correctional facility, we randomly examined 120 prisoners for HBV and HCV serology markers. From 120 prisoners, six prisoners were HBV positive, 21 prisoners were HCV positive and one prisoner positive for both HCV and HBV infection. The most common risk factors for prisoners getting HBV infection are tattoos and free sex (36.4% and 36.4%, respectively). The most common risk factors for HCV infection in prisoners are tattoos and free sex (40% and 35%, respectively).
Tuberculous spondylitis in Haji Adam Malik hospital, Medan
Authors: Dharmajaya R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Ankylosing tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in one or more components of the vertebrae; it is Pott disease or tuberculous spondylitis. It might become a potential cause of morbidity, including neurological deficits and permanent deformity of the spine. Management of TB Spondylitis, in general, is chemotherapy with antituberculosis drugs (ATG), immobilization, and spine surgical interventions. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the patients of TB Spondylitis who had undergone surgery at Haji Adam Malik hospital from June 2015 to June 2017. The most common location is thoracal (10%), lumbal (3%), and thoracolumbal junction (3%). Decompression laminectomy with fusion (18%) is the most suitable option for surgical management. The majority, pre- operation ASIA scale is D (8%), and post operation is E (8%). It means that surgical plays an important role in themanagement of tuberculous spondylitis.
Polymorphism in beta fibrinogen -455 g/a gene was associated with diabetic in severe ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Ritarwan Kiking , Kadri Alfansuri , Sembiring Rosita Juwita 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
There is a association of polymorphism in the promoter region of the beta fibrinogen gene -455 G/A with enhancement plasma fibrinogen level. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. The prothrombotic fibrinogen protein is frequently elevated in patients with diabetes and may be association with poorer prognosis. This study evaluated the association of beta fibrinogen gene -455 G/A promoter polymorphism on modified Ranking Scale of Ischemic Stroke patients treated with diabetic and nondiabetic group. In a Cohort study design comprises 200 consecutive patients diabetic and a nondiabetic who, three months using completed a detailed outcome stroke. Of 200 samples genotype distribution were 27.1% for GG+GA and 0% for AA with diabetic and than 4.4% for GG+GA and 0.05% diabetic patients. Fibrinogen levels were higher in diabetic than nondiabetic group patients (307.7 + 106.3 vs 278 + 84 gr/dl, p=0.002). Fibrinogen level was found to be an independent predictor for diabetic patients. On Genotype GG+GA were associated wth diabetic and nondiabetic group patients. Modified Rankin Scale on day 90 were found associated with diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Conclusion: Elevated fibrinogen level is dose-dependently associated with 90 days outcome severity stroke with diabetic following ischemic stroke
Unconscious perception and phenomenal coherence
Authors: Quilty-Dunn Jake 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
It is an orthodoxy in cognitive science that perception can occur unconsciously. Recently, Hakwan Lau, Megan Peters and Ian Phillips have argued that this orthodoxy may be mistaken. They argue that many purported cases of unconscious perception fail to rule out low degrees of conscious awareness while others fail to establish genuine perception. This paper presents a case of unconscious perception that avoids these problems. It also advances a general principle of ‘phenomenal coherence’ that can insulate some forms of evidence for unconscious perception from the methodological critiques of Lau, Peters and Phillips.
Semi-supervised neighborhoods and localized patient outcome prediction
Authors: Kosel Alison E , Heagerty Patrick J 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Robust statistical methods that can provide patients and their healthcare providers with individual predictions are needed to help guide informed medical decisions. Ideally an individual prediction would display the full range of possible outcomes (full predictive distribution), would be obtained with a user-specified level of precision, and would be minimally reliant on statistical model assumptions. We propose a novel method that satisfies each of these criteria via the semi-supervised creation of an axis-parallel covariate neighborhood constructed around a given point defining the patient of interest. We then provide non-parametric estimates of the outcome distribution for the subset of subjects in this neighborhood, which we refer to as a localized prediction. We implement local prediction methods using dynamic graphical methods which allow the user to vary key options such as the choice of the variables defining the neighborhood, and the size of the neighborhood.
The Effectiveness of Dry Needling and Exercise Therapy in Patients with Dizziness Caused By Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome; Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Aydın Tugba , Dernek Bahar , Sentürk Ege Tülin , Karan Ayse , Aksoy Cihan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of dry needling therapy combined with exercise and exercise treatment alone for alleviating the dizziness caused by cervical myofascial pain syndrome.

Design
This was a prospective randomized clinical study that included 61 women who had dizziness and myofascial trigger points on the neck muscles. The patients were randomized into a dry needling + exercise group (N = 31) and an exercise only group (N = 30).

Results
The mean age of the patients (±SD) was 38.4 ± 8.3 years. The intragroup comparisons of the severity of neck pain, algometric measurement, number of dizziness attacks per week, severity of the dizziness, fall index, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory were improved in both groups at the first and fourth months (P &lt; 0.05). The intergroup comparisons of the severity of neck pain, algometric measurement, number of dizziness attacks per week, the severity of the dizziness, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory were more improved in the dry needling + exercise group at the first or fourth month compared with their inital assessments (P &lt; 0.05). There was no diffence in fall index scores between the groups (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Both dry needling + exercise therapy and exercise therapy alone were effective in treating dizziness caused by cervical myofascial pain syndrome. However, dry needling + exercise treatment was superior to exercise treatment alone.
The Evidence for Laser Treatments to the Vulvo-vagina: Making Sure We Do Not Repeat Past Mistakes
Authors: Song Sophia , Budden Aaron , Short Asha , Nesbitt-Hawes Erin , Deans Rebecca , Abbott Jason 
Published: March 2018

(Abstracted from Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017; doi: 10.1111/ajo.12735)
As a result of estrogen deficiency, up to 49% of postmenopausal women will experience vulvovaginal symptoms (VVSs) such as vaginal itching, dryness, dyspareunia, and incontinence. Treatment of VVS may be nonhormonal or hormonal.
The Association Between Anticoagulation Therapy, Maternal Characteristics, and a Failed cfDNA Test Due to a Low Fetal Fraction
Authors: Burns Whitney , Koelper Nathanael , Barberio Andrea , Deagostino-Kelly Mary , Mennuti Michael , Sammel Mary D. , Dugoff Lorraine 
Published: March 2018

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2017;37:1125–1129)
Fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening has been established as a screening method for trisomies 13, 18, and 21, as well as sex chromosome aneuploidies. Despite its rapid technological advancement since becoming clinically available in 2011, some women do not receive valid results after undergoing cfDNA testing because of a low fetal fraction (FF).