bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐population differences in feeding ecology under nitrogen‐limited diets: Field growth and the role of cannibalism in limiting/improving reserve accumulation
Authors: Bas Claudia , Nuñez Jesús , Spivak Eduardo , Luppi Tomás 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrowth is determined by an organism's physiology, physical environment, and biological conditions, including food availability and any intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions that can affect feeding activity. To analyse how all these factors interact to produce final growth in the herbivorous/detritivorous crab Neohelice granulata, we performed field and laboratory experiments with juveniles and adults from three populations which differed genetically as well as in their physical environment and the organic matter (OM) content in the soil that serves as food. We evaluated (a) growth in the field: Juveniles of the three populations were cross‐transplanted in exclusion cages; (b) effect of the presence of adults on juvenile feeding: We measured the feeding activity of small juveniles in presence/absence of an adult male as potential predator in the field; and (c) effect of diet on cannibalism: We analysed the cannibalistic behavior of adult males from two of the populations in the laboratory after they had received protein‐rich (24%) and protein‐poor (3%) diets. In experiment (a), final size was similar for the crabs from all three origins but growth differed between sites. Experiment (b) showed that the presence of adults interfered with feeding activity at the two sites with lower weight indicators. In experiment (c), we observed that low protein diet increased the cannibalistic behavior of adult males, and this effect was more intense in crabs from the poorest food site. Our results contribute to understanding the set of factors and interactions involved in the response of individuals to the prevailing conditions in natural environments in order to maintain a growth rate, perhaps at the expense of different reserve accumulation. They also enable discussion of the limitations of approaches used in laboratory experiments.
Regulated, sequential processing by multiple proteases is required for proper maturation and release of Bordetella filamentous hemagglutinin
Authors: Nash Zachary M. , Cotter Peggy A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFilamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a critically important virulence factor produced by Bordetella species that cause respiratory infections in humans and other animals. It is also a prototypical member of the widespread two partner secretion (TPS) pathway family of proteins. First synthesized as a ~370 kDa protein called FhaB, its C‐terminal ~1,200 amino acid ‘prodomain’ is removed during translocation to the cell surface via the outer membrane channel FhaC. Here, we identify CtpA as a periplasmic protease that is responsible for the regulated degradation of the prodomain and for creation of an intermediate polypeptide that is cleaved by the autotransporter protease SphB1 to generate FHA. We show that the central prodomain region is required to initiate degradation of the prodomain and that CtpA degrades the prodomain after a third, unidentified protease (P3) first removes the extreme C‐terminus of the prodomain. Stepwise proteolysis by P3, CtpA and SphB1 is required for maturation of FhaB, release of FHA into the extracellular milieu, and full function in vivo. These data support a substantially updated model for the mechanism of secretion, maturation and function of this model TPS protein.
The ParB homologs, Spo0J and Noc, together prevent premature midcell Z ring assembly when the early stages of replication are blocked in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hajduk Isabella V. , Mann Riti , Rodrigues Christopher D. A. , Harry Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPrecise cell division in coordination with DNA replication and segregation is of utmost importance for all organisms. The earliest stage of cell division is the assembly of a division protein FtsZ into a ring, known as the Z ring, at midcell. What still eludes us, however, is how bacteria precisely position the Z ring at midcell. Work in B. subtilis over the last two decades has identified a link between the early stages of DNA replication and cell division. A recent model proposed that the progression of the early stages of DNA replication leads to an increased ability for the Z ring to form at midcell. This model arose through studies examining Z ring position in mutants blocked at different steps of the early stages of DNA replication. Here, we show that this model is unlikely to be correct and the mutants previously studied generate nucleoids with different capacity for blocking midcell Z ring assembly. Importantly, our data suggest that two proteins of the widespread ParB family, Noc and Spo0J are required to prevent Z ring assembly over the bacterial nucleoid and help fine tune the assembly of the Z ring at midcell during the cell cycle.
Need to re‐look cut‐off of Aspergillus‐specific IgE levels in children with ABPA
Authors: Singh Manvi , Chauhan Anil , Paul Nandini , Jaiswal Nishant , Singh Shreya , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Singh Meenu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe cut‐offs for total and specific IgE used for diagnosing ABPA in children have been adopted from adult literature and have not been validated in the paediatric population. To establish the ideal cut‐offs of total IgE and Aspergillus‐specific IgE for the diagnosis of ABPA in children. This study was a prospective observational case‐control study, conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North India, enrolling 140 children with partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma. Seventy children had ABPA based on the Rosenberg‐Patterson Criteria (Cases) whereas 70 children were without ABPA (Controls). All children were subjected to clinical examination and investigations such as absolute eosinophil count, total IgE, Aspergillus‐specific IgE, Aspergillus skin prick test and radiological tests. ROC curve analysis was done to determine the ideal cut‐offs of total and specific IgE to diagnose ABPA. The ROC curve analysis determined 1204IU/L as the cut‐off value of total IgE with a sensitivity of 79.7% (95%CI 68.31% to 88.44%) and specificity of 53.1% (95%CI 40.23 to 65.7). The ROC analysis of specific IgE levels of children with ABPA determined the cut‐off value of 0.49 KAU/L with a sensitivity of 94.03% (95%CI 85.41 to 98.35) and specificity of 88.89% (95%CI 75.94% to 96.29%). We propose that the cut‐offs of total and specific IgE need to be relooked in the paediatric population. Cut‐offs of total IgE as 1204 IU/L and for Aspergillus‐specific IgE as 0.49KAU/L seem appropriate. Large multicentric studies should be conducted to determine the ideal values for diagnosing paediatric ABPA.
The prevalence of clinically meaningful malocclusion among US adults
Authors: Asiri Saeed N. , Tadlock Larry P. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to statistically evaluate age, ethnic and sex differences in the prevalence of clinically meaningful malocclusions among adults.Setting and Sample PopulationA random sample of 8804 untreated US adults between 17 and 46 years of age was selected from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.Materials & MethodsThree ethnic (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black and Mexican Americans) and three age (17‐26, 27‐36 and 37‐46 years) groups were evaluated. Subjects with and without clinically meaningful malocclusions were categorized based on the established cut‐off values. Chi‐square analyses were performed to determine differences in prevalence.ResultsThe prevalence of clinically meaningful mandibular incisor irregularity, overjet and overbite increased significantly (P < 0.05) with age, while posterior crossbite decreased. There were statistically significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of incisor irregularity, overbite, overjet, open bite and reverse overjet. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of clinically meaningful mandibular incisor irregularity, overbite, open bite and reverse overjet than females. One‐third of US adults exhibited no clinically meaningful malocclusions.ConclusionsThere are age, ethnic and sex differences in the prevalence of clinically meaningful malocclusions that characterize approximately two‐thirds of untreated US adults.
Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kamikado Yosuke , Mihara Takahiro , Ka Koui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLoeys‐Dietz syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disease, is characterized by arterial tortuosity and skeletal manifestations. We report anesthetic management of scoliosis surgery for a pediatric Loeys‐Dietz syndrome patient. During surgery, severe hypotension occurred when a rotation‐correction was performed; blood pressure returned to the baseline level after the maneuver was abandoned. We decided to not conduct rotation correction after discussing risks and benefits of the maneuver with surgeons. Since severe hemodynamic instability is expected in scoliosis surgery for Loeys‐Dietz syndrome patients, we should be prepare for hemodynamic collapse and risks and benefits of the operative procedure should be discussed before undertaking the procedure.
Effect of oxygen tension on in vitro viability and development of dog follicles enclosed within the ovarian cortex
Authors: Pereira Leda Maria Costa , Lopes Maria Denise , Songsasen Nucharin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxygen concentration has been shown to influence in vitro viability and growth of ovarian follicles. The present study examined the effect of oxygen tension on in vitro development of dog follicles enclosed within the ovarian cortex. Ovaries were obtained from domestic dogs (age, 8 months to 2 years), and cortical fragments were recovered. The cortices were then incubated on 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel blocks within a 4‐well culture plate containing Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (MEM). Ovarian follicles within the tissues were processed for histology and assessed for follicle density, viability and diameter immediately after collection (Control) or after 2 or 5 days of in vitro incubation. Apoptotic cells were assessed using TUNEL assay. Comparisons of follicular viability and diameter were performed using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Comparisons of follicle density and apoptosis among treatments were conducted using Non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Friedman's test (p < 0.05). No difference (p > 0.05) in follicle density was observed among groups at Day 2 of in vitro culture. However, the density of follicles within cortices cultured in 20% oxygen for 5 days significantly reduced compared to the Control and those incubated in 5% concentration. The viability of cultured follicles in all treatments decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the Control after 2 days incubation, and this value further reduced (p < 0.05) in 20% oxygen group at Day 5. There were no differences in the percentages of apoptotic follicles between the two treatment groups (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, after 5 days of culture, the percentage of TUNEL‐positive follicles increased significantly (p < 0.05) in cortices incubated in 20% oxygen environment. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that 5% oxygen level was superior to 20% concentration in sustaining in vitro viability of dog follicles enclosed within the ovarian cortex.
Adolescents’ Engagement with Crisis Hotline Risk‐management Services: A Report from the Emergency Department Screen for Teen Suicide Risk (ED‐STARS) Study
Authors: Busby Danielle R. , King Cheryl A. , Brent David , Grupp‐Phelan Jaqueline , Gould Madelyn , Page Kent , Casper Theron Charles ,   The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis study examines the feasibility of a risk‐management protocol for adolescent research participants at risk for suicide that relies on engagement with telephone crisis counselors. The study also examines whether engagement is moderated by adolescent demographics and clinical characteristics.MethodParticipants were 234 adolescents (83% female; 63% White) ages 12–18 (M = 15.3 years) drawn from the national study, Emergency Department Screen for Teens at Risk for Suicide (ED‐STARS) Study One sample of adolescents randomized for 3‐month telephone follow‐up (n = 2,850). This study's sample was comprised of adolescents who completed the follow‐up (69% retention), met study risk criteria, and were transferred to a crisis hotline for risk management. Engagement with a counselor was assessed by successful call connection, call duration, and information sharing.ResultsNinety‐four percent of calls resulted in a successful call transfer, and the majority of youth (84%) shared information with counselor about one or more coping strategies. Average call length was 12.6 min (SD = 9.9). Engagement did not vary by gender, race, age, ethnicity, or clinical characteristics.ConclusionsAdolescents’ engagement with telephone risk‐management services was strong, suggesting that this strategy can address safety. Further, findings suggest telephone risk‐management services effectively engage youth across demographic and clinical subgroups.
Cellular stress leads to the formation of membraneless stress assemblies in eukaryotic cells
Authors: van Leeuwen Wessel , Rabouille Catherine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn cells at steady state, two forms of cell compartmentalization coexist: membrane‐bound organelles and phase‐separated membraneless organelles that are present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Strikingly, cellular stress is a strong inducer of the reversible membraneless compartments referred to as stress assemblies. Stress assemblies play key roles in survival during cell stress and in thriving of cells upon stress relief. The two best studied stress assemblies are the RNA‐based processing‐bodies (P‐bodies) and stress granules that form in response to oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), osmotic and nutrient stress as well as many others. Interestingly, P‐bodies and stress granules are heterogeneous with respect to both the pathways that lead to their formation and their protein and RNA content. Furthermore, in yeast and Drosophila, nutrient stress also leads to the formation of many other types of prosurvival cytoplasmic stress assemblies, such as metabolic enzymes foci, proteasome storage granules, EIF2B bodies, U‐bodies and Sec bodies, some of which are not RNA‐based. Nutrient stress leads to a drop in cytoplasmic pH, which combined with posttranslational modifications of granule contents, induces phase separation.
One and two-phase cell cycle models
Authors: Pichor Katarzyna , Rudnicki Ryszard 
Published: June 2019

In this review paper we present deterministic and stochastic one and two-phase models of the cell cycle. The deterministic models are given by partial differential equations of the first order with time delay and space variable retardation.В The stochastic models are given by stochastic iterations orВ by piecewise deterministic Markov processes. We study asymptotic stability and sweeping of stochastic semigroups which describe the evolution of densities of these processes.В We also present some results concerning chaotic behaviour of models and relations between different types of models.
Multifaceted Roles of microRNAs in Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interaction
Authors: Aguilar Carmen , Mano Miguel , Eulalio Ana 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-characterized class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Accordingly, miRNAs have been associated with a wide range of fundamental biological processes and implicated in human diseases. During the past decade, miRNAs have also been recognized for their role in the complex interplay between the host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host response to counteract infection or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to subvert host pathways for their own benefit. Importantly, the characterization of downstream miRNA targets and their underlying mechanisms of action has uncovered novel molecular factors and pathways relevant to infection. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA response to bacterial infection, focusing on different bacterial pathogens, including
Salmonella enterica
,
Listeria monocytogenes
,
Mycobacterium
spp., and
Helicobacter pylori
, among others.
Host-Encoded Sensors of Bacteria: Our Windows into the Microbial World
Authors: Odendall Charlotte , Kagan Jonathan C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBacterial pathogens can be very efficient at causing disease and are the cause of some of the worst epidemics that have affected humanity. However, most infections are prevented by the actions of our immune system. Immune activation depends on the rapid detection of bacteria by a diverse family of sensory proteins known as pattern recognition receptors. These receptors detect conserved features of bacteria that are not found in humans but are often necessary for survival within the host or environment. In this review, we discuss the strategies used by pattern recognition receptors to detect bacteria and their products. We also discuss emerging evidence that some pattern recognition receptors can be activated by bacterial pathogens specifically, through the surveillance of host activities that are commonly targeted by virulence factors. This collection of surveillance mechanisms provides an interconnected network of defense, which is important to maintain the germ-free environment of the inner organs of humans and other multicellular organisms.
Is loneliness associated with increased health and social care utilisation in the oldest old? Findings from a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Hanyuying , Zhao Emily , Fleming Jane , Dening Tom , Khaw Kay-Tee , Brayne Carol 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine the impact of loneliness on health and social care service use in the oldest old over a 7-year follow-up.DesignProspective study.SettingUK population-based cohort.Participants713 people aged 80 years or older were interviewed at wave 3 of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort Study. Of these, 665 provided data on loneliness. During 7 years’ follow-up, 480 participants left the study, of which 389 due to death. 162 still in the study answered the loneliness question.Main outcome measureUse of health and social care services, assessed at each wave from wave 3 to wave 5.ResultsAt wave 3, of 665 participants who had data on loneliness, about 60% did not feel lonely, 16% felt slightly lonely and 25% felt lonely. Being slightly lonely at wave 3 was associated with a shorter time since last seeing a general practitioner (β=−0.5, 95% CI: −0.8 to –0.2); when examining the association between time-varying loneliness and health and social care usage, being lonely was associated with three times greater likelihood of having contact with community nurses and using meals on wheels services (community nurse contact: incidence rate ratio (IRR)=3.4, 95% CI: 1.4 to 8.7; meals on wheels service use: IRR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.6). No associations between loneliness and other health and social care services use were found.ConclusionLoneliness was a significant risk factor for certain types of health and social care utilisations, independently of participants’ health conditions, in the oldest old. Study findings have several implications, including the need for awareness-raising and prevention of loneliness to be priorities for public health policy and practice.
Health-related educational inequalities in paid employment across 26 European countries in 2005–2014: repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Schram Jolinda L D , Schuring Merel , Oude Hengel Karen M , Burdorf Alex 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe study investigates the trends in health-related inequalities in paid employment among men and women in different educational groups in 26 countries in 5 European regions.DesignIndividual-level analysis of repeated cross-sectional annual data (2005–2014) from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions.Setting26 European countries in 5 European regions.Participants1 844 915 individuals aged 30–59 years were selected with information on work status, chronic illness, educational background, age and gender.Outcome measuresAbsolute differences were expressed by absolute differences in proportion in paid employment between participants with and without a chronic illness, using linear regression. Relative differences were expressed by prevalence ratios in paid employment, using a Cox proportional hazard model. Linear regression was used to examine the trends of inequalities.ResultsParticipants with a chronic illness had consistently lower labour force participation than those without illnesses. Educational inequalities were substantial with absolute differences larger within lower educated (men 21%–35%, women 10%–31%) than within higher educated (men 5%–13%, women 6%–16%). Relative differences showed that low-educated men with a chronic illness were 1.4–1.9 times (women 1.3–1.8 times) more likely to be out of paid employment than low-educated persons without a chronic illness, whereas this was 1.1–1.2 among high-educated men and women. In the Nordic, Anglo-Saxon and Eastern regions, these health-related educational inequalities in paid employment were more pronounced than in the Continental and Southern region. For most regions, absolute health-related educational inequalities in paid employment were generally constant, whereas relative inequalities increased, especially among low-educated persons.ConclusionsMen and women with a chronic illness have considerable less access to the labour market than their healthy colleagues, especially among lower educated persons. This exclusion from paid employment will increase health inequalities.