bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and risk predictors of cesarean scar defect at 6 weeks postpartum in Shanghai, China: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Pan Hongjie , Zeng Ming , Xu Tianyi , Li Dong , Mol Ben W. J. , Sun Jing , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and predictors of cesarean scar defect (CSD) at 6 weeks postpartum in Shanghai, China.Material and methodsWomen scheduled to receive a cesarean section (CS) were recruited from a university hospital. Surgery‐related factors, pregnancy complications, routine examinations, perioperative medications, and physical signs were collected and transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to assess the presence of a CSD at 6 weeks postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the predictors for CSD.ResultsA CSD was detected in 223 of 514 women (43.4%, 95% CI 39.1%‐47.7%) by transvaginal ultrasonography. Of women with normal temperature (T < 37.5°C, CSD prevalence 33.9%, 95% CI 28.4%‐39.5%), women with postpartum fever (T ≥ 38°C, CSD 44.1%, 95% CI 31.0%‐57.1%), and women who were subfebrile in the postpartum (37.5 ≤ T ≤ 38.0°C, CSD 58.3%, 95% CI 50.9%‐65.7%), the latter two had significantly increased risk for CSD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.7, 95% CI 1.3‐5.2 and aOR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1‐5.3, respectively). In comparison to single‐dose antibiotic administration (CSD 49.0%, 95% CI 43.8%‐54.3%), multi‐dose antibiotic administration (CSD 31.1%, 95% CI 23.8%‐38.3%) had a protective effect (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3‐0.7). Postpartum fever, intrapartum infection, emergency CS, and cervical dilation ≥ 3 cm were found to be the main predictors of multi‐dose antibiotics management. Low platelet count postpartum (defined as ≤ 150 × 109/L) and high fibrinogen pre‐CS (defined as ≥ 4.5 g/L) increased CSD risk (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1‐3.6 and 1.7, 95% CI 1.1‐2.5, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CSD in the Chinese population is high enough to be a concern. Perioperative infection and hypercoagulability should be considered CSD predictors, and multi‐dose antibiotics have a protective effect.
Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry
Authors: Lyu Zhiqian , Huang Bingbing , Li Zhongchao , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Yifan , Zhang Shuai , Lai Changhua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objectives of this experiment were to (a) determine the effects of fiber increase in diets on heat production (HP), (b) determine the net energy (NE) of oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty‐four growing barrows (29.2 ± 2.6 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Diets included a corn‐soybean meal basal diet and three test diets containing 30% OB, WB or PKE, respectively. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 20 days, including 14 days to adapt to the diets. On day (d) 15, pigs were transferred to the open‐circuit respiration chambers for determination of daily total HP and were fed one of the four diets at 2.3MJ ME/kg body weight (BW)0.6/day. Total feces and urine were collected for the determination of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and daily total HP was measured from d 15 to d 19 and fasted on day 20 for the measurement of fasting heat production (FHP). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and organic matter (OM) were greater (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the basal diet compared with those fed the test diets. The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was lower (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the WB diet compared with those fed the basal, OB, or PKE diets. The ATTD of ether extract (EE) in pigs fed the PKE diet was greater (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the other diets. The average total HP and FHP in pigs fed the four diets were 1261 and 787 kJ/kg BW0.6/d, respectively, and were not significantly affected by diet characteristics. The NE:ME ratio for diets ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%. The NE contents of OB, WB, and PKE were 10.93, 7.47, and 8.71 MJ/kg DM, respectively.
SET alpha and SET beta mRNA isoforms in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Brander Danielle M. , Friedman Daphne R. , Volkheimer Alicia D. , Christensen Dale J. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Kipps Thomas J. , Guadalupe Eross , Chen Youwei , Zhang Dadong , Wang Xi , Davis Carter , Owzar Kouros , Weinberg J. Brice 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAlteration in RNA splicing is implicated in carcinogenesis and progression. Mutations in spliceosome genes and alternative splicing of other genes have been noted in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), a common B cell malignancy with heterogeneous outcomes. We previously demonstrated that differences in the amount of SET oncoprotein (a physiological inhibitor of the serine/threonine phosphatase, PP2A) is associated with clinical aggressiveness in patients with CLL. It is unknown if alternative splicing of gene transcripts regulating kinases and phosphatases affects disease pathobiology and CLL progression. We show here for the first time that mRNA levels of the alternatively spliced SET isoforms, SETA and SETB (SETα and SETβ), significantly correlate with disease severity (overall survival and time‐to‐first‐treatment) in CLL patients. In addition, we demonstrate that relative increase of SETA to SETB mRNA can discriminate patients with a more aggressive disease course within the otherwise favourable CLL risk classifications of IGHV mutated and favourable hierarchical fluorescence in situ hybridisation groups. We validate our finding by showing comparable relationships of SET mRNA with disease outcomes using samples from an independent CLL cohort from a separate institution. These findings indicate that alternative splicing of SET, and potentially other signalling cascade molecules, influences CLL biology and patient outcomes.
The involvement of microglia in Alzheimer's disease: a new dog in the fight
Authors: Moore Zachery , Taylor Juliet M , Crack Peter J 
Published: November 2018

First described clinically in 1906, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and form of dementia worldwide. Despite its prevalence, only five therapies are currently approved for AD, all dealing with the symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the disease. A multitude of experimental evidence has suggested that the once thought inconsequential process of neuroinflammation does, in fact, contribute to the AD pathogenesis. One such CNS cell type critical to this process are microglia. Plastic in nature with varied roles, microglia are emerging as key contributors to AD pathology. This review will focus on the role of microglia in the neuroinflammatory response in AD, highlighting recent studies implicating aberrant changes in microglial function in disease progression. Of critical note is that with these advances, a reconceptualization of the framework in which we view microglia is required.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
High PD‐L1 expression in the tumour cells did not correlate with poor prognosis of patients suffering for oral squamous cells carcinoma: A meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Caponio Vito C. A. , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Arena Claudia , Pannone Giuseppe , Mascitti Marco , Santarelli Andrea , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesOral cancer represents one of the most common malignancies in humans. Its prognosis is still poor, despite the most recent improvements in therapies. An increasing attention is placed on the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in the tumour immunity and its potential function as a marker for tumour prognosis. Whether PD‐L1 expression is a prognostic factor for the poor outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate, through a meta‐analysis, a potential correlation between PD‐L1 expression and the prognostic outcomes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methodsThe studies were identified by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and were assessed by two of the authors. After the selection process, 11 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. Quality assessment of studies was performed according to the REMARK guidelines, and the risk of biases across studies was investigated through Q and I2 tests. Meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the association between the PD‐L1 expression either overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), gender and lymph node metastasis.ResultsA total of 1060 patients were analysed in the 11 studies included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that the expression of PD‐L1 did not correlate with poor OS (HR, 0.60; 95% CI: [0.33, 1.10]; P = 0.10), DFS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI: [0.21, 1.88]; P = 0.40), DSS (HR, 2.05; 95% CI: [0.53, 7.86]; P = 0.29 and lymph node metastasis (HR, 1.15; 95% CI: [0.74, 1.81]; P = 0.53). Furthermore, results of the meta‐analysis showed that high expression of PD‐L1 is two times more frequent in female patients (OR, 0.5; 95% CI: [0.36, 0.69]; P < 0.0001) compared to males. For all the three outcomes analysed, a high rate of heterogeneity was detected (I2 > 50%).DiscussionHigh PD‐L1 expression did not correlate with poor prognosis of patients suffering for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Studies published on the topic showed a significant variation in results, limiting the use of PD‐L1 expression by immunohistochemistry as prognostic biomarker in clinical practice.
A New Perspective of Migraine Symptoms in Patients With Congenital Heart Defect
Authors: Liu Yinglu , Li Sulei , Wang Rongfei , Han Xun , Su Min , Cao Xiutang , Wang Guangyi , Cao Feng , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between congenital heart defects (CHDs) and migraine and evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter defect closure from a new perspective.MethodsThe patients with CHDs who underwent transcatheter defect closure were screened in the medical database of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2006 to January 2017. The assessment included basic admission information, the 3‐item ID Migraine Screener, and a detailed questionnaire administered by telephone or in an outpatient clinic. Patients were divided into ventricular septal defect (VSD) group and AP group (ie, patients with ASD or PFO) based on the type of defects. The latter group could be further divided into right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) group and left‐to‐right (LRS) shunt group. Each group contained 4 subgroups according to their migraine diagnosis before and after defect closure: persistent migraine (PM), relieved migraine (RM), without migraine (WM), and new‐onset migraine (NM).ResultsThe study recruited total 441 CHDs patients. Most patients in RLS group had migraine before and/or after surgery (76.4%, 42/55) and the proportion of them in NM group was higher than that of in LRS group (23.5%, 4/17 vs 6.8%, 18/266, P = .0418). Although the size of closure device or defect did not show significant differences, the ratios (R = size of closure/size of defect) were significantly higher in NM group than those in WM group (1.40 [1.26, 1.80] vs 1.22 [1.13, 1.38] in AP group, P = .00238; 1.38 [1.23, 1.50] vs 1.22 [1.13, 1.37] in LRS group, P = .024934, respectively). Further logistic regression analysis illustrated that larger R value was a risk factor for NM in AP group (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.07–2.05, P = .0188). Besides, migraine symptoms decreased significantly after defect closure in PM group among patients with ASD and PFO.ConclusionThis study revealed several associations between migraine and CHDs, especially the large ratio of closure device size to defect size. High‐quality randomized controlled trials and animal studies are needed to further investigate and clarify the underlying association between CHDs and migraine.
Shaved hair style scalp medical tattooing technique for treatment of advanced male pattern baldness patients
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , You Seung Hyun , Kim Narae 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe most infallible approach to male pattern baldness (MPB) is hair transplantation in the thinning area in parallel to medical treatment to prevent further alopecia progression. For an individual with advanced stage hair loss, a megasession surgery is recommended to meet the high donor hair requirement. Yet a most effective therapeutic regimen for alopecia, hair transplantation inevitably has its advantages and disadvantages for it is done with the expense of donor hair sacrifice, intraoperative and postoperative pain, and unavoidable scars. Also, with poor donor condition, surgery may not even be an option. Nowadays, more patients with such limitations are undergoing shaved style scalp medical tattoo (SMT).ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of SMT technique for shaved hair style.Methods and materialsA total of 80 patients who were included in the study underwent SMT for shaved hair style between June 2014 and June 2017 and were followed for at least 6 months afterward. Patients and the surgeon completed a survey about donor and recipient site surgical results using a 5‐point Likert scale.ResultsThe average satisfaction scores of patients and surgeon were 4.8 and 4.9, respectively.ConclusionShaved style SMT can be considered one of the most effective treatment methods for patients with advanced stage hair loss.Level of evidenceIV.
A stochastic microstructure model for particle reinforced aluminium matrix composites
Authors: LOSCH K. , SCHUFF S. , BALLE F. , BECK T. , REDENBACH C. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryMetal matrix composites are complex materials consisting of various phases which can display largely different mechanical properties. The deformation behaviour of these composites cannot be sufficiently modelled by averages or simple particle shapes due to the local stresses that occur on the particle edges. Therefore, a sophisticated model of the microstructure is needed. We introduce a method for stochastic modelling of a silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced aluminium matrix composite. The SiC particles are modelled by Laguerre polyhedra generated by densely packed spheres. The shape factors of the polyhedra have been fitted to the particle shapes observed in three‐dimensional images. Particle elongation in extrusion direction and the observed log‐normal volume distribution of the particles are included in the model by suitable scaling. An outlook is presented on how to model the grains of the polycrystalline aluminium matrix and intermetallic precipitates, which result from the strengthening mechanism of the matrix.Lay DescriptionMetal matrix composites are complex materials consisting of different phases which can display largely different mechanical properties. The deformation behaviour of these composites cannot be sufficiently modelled by averages or simple particle shapes due to the local stresses that occur on the particle edges. Therefore, a sophisticated model of the microstructure is needed. We introduce a method of stochastic modelling of a silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced aluminium matrix composite. The SiC particles are modelled by Laguerre polyhedra generated by densely packed spheres. The shape factors of the polyhedra have been fitted to the SiC shapes observed in three‐dimensional images. Additionally, the polyhedra are scaled anisotropically to account for orientation anisotropy and to obtain a log‐normal volume distribution. An outlook is presented on how to model the aluminium phase's grains and intermetallic precipitates, which result from the strengthening mechanism of the aluminium matrix alloy.
Daily strengths use and employee well‐being: The moderating role of personality
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Hetland Jørn , Olsen Olav Kjellevold , Espevik Roar 
Published: November 2018

This study combines strengths use and personality theories to develop a multilevel model of employee well‐being. We hypothesized that individuals would experience higher well‐being on the days they use their strengths. In addition, we predicted that Neuroticism, Extraversion, and their blend would bolster this main effect. A total of 87 Norwegian naval cadets filled out a general survey and then completed a diary questionnaire for 30 consecutive days (total N = 2610). Results of multilevel modelling showed that daily strengths use was positively related to daily positive affect and work engagement, after controlling for previous levels of the dependent variables. In addition, we found evidence for the predicted three‐way interaction effects. These findings contribute to character strengths and personality theories by showing how blends of personality traits modify the effects of daily strengths use behaviours.Practitioner points

Employees who use their strengths at work build their own positive affect and work engagement.

Personality influences how successful employees are in using strengths; strengths use works best for those high in Extraversion and low in Neuroticism.

Organizations and managers should facilitate employee strengths use, because when employees use their strong points, they are more dedicated and energized during work.
Spurious weather effects
Authors: Lind Jo Thori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRainfall is exogenous to human actions and hence popular as an exogenous source of variation. But it is also spatially correlated. This can generate spurious relationships between rainfall and other spatially correlated outcomes. As an illustration, rainfall on almost any day of the year has seemingly high predictive power of electoral turnout in Norwegian municipalities. In Monte Carlo analyses, I find that standard tests reject true null hypotheses in as much as 99% of cases. Standard approaches to estimating consistent standard errors do not solve the problem. Instead, I suggest controlling for spatial and spatiotemporal trends using multidimensional polynomials.
Simulation‐based education for novices: complex learning tasks promote reflective practice
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Laurence , Leppink Jimmie , Leclerc Gilles , Rethans Jan‐Joost , Dolmans Diana H J M 
Published: November 2018

ContextSimulated clinical immersion (SCI), in which clinical situations are simulated in a realistic environment, safely and gradually exposes novices to complex problems. Given their limited experience, undergraduate students can potentially be quite overwhelmed by SCI learning tasks, which may result in misleading learning outcomes. Although task complexity should be adapted to the learner's level of expertise, many factors, both intrinsic and extraneous to the learning task, can influence perceived task complexity and its impact on cognitive processes.ObjectivesThe purpose of this mixed‐methods study was to understand the effects of task complexity on undergraduate pharmacy students’ cognitive load, task performance and perception of learning in SCI.MethodsA total of 167 second‐year pharmacy students were randomly assigned to undertake one simple and one complex learning task in SCI consecutively. Participants’ cognitive load was measured after each task and debriefing. Task performance and time on task were also assessed. As part of a sequential explanatory design, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with students showing maximal variations in intrinsic cognitive load to elucidate their perceptions of learning when dealing with complexity.ResultsAlthough the complex task generated significantly higher cognitive load and time on task than the simple task, performance was high for both tasks. Qualitative results revealed that a lack of clinical experience, an unfamiliar resource in the environment and the constraints inherent to SCI, such as time limitations, hindered the clinical reasoning process and led to poorer self‐evaluation of performance. Simple tasks helped students gain more self‐confidence, whereas complex tasks further encouraged reflective practice during debriefings.ConclusionsAlthough complex tasks in SCI were more cognitively demanding and took longer to execute, students indicated that they learned more from them than they did from simple tasks. Complex tasks constitute an additional challenge in terms of clinical reasoning and thus provide a more valuable learning experience from the student's perspective.
Irritable bowel syndrome, mental health, and quality of life: Data from a population‐based survey in Germany (SHIP‐Trend‐0)
Authors: Schauer Birgit , Grabe Hans J. , Ittermann Till , Lerch Markus M. , Weiss Frank U. , Mönnikes Hubert , Völzke Henry , Enck Paul , Schwille‐Kiuntke Juliane 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with reduced quality of life and high healthcare costs. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for IBS in a general adult population.MethodsThe Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is a population‐based cohort study in northeastern Germany. SHIP‐Trend‐0 participants enrolled from 2008 to 2012 were grouped according to Rome III criteria (main criteria: abdominal discomfort or crampy or bloating pain for at least six months plus 2/3 additional criteria). Factors associated with IBS were assessed using survey‐weighted backward stepwise logistic regression.Key ResultsThe final data set included 4194 records. IBS prevalence was 3.5% (3.0%‐4.2%). Unemployment (OR: 2.02, 1.26‐3.21), headaches (OR: 2.37, 1.59‐3.52), mental quality of life (OR: 0.95 per unit increase, 0.93‐0.97), and interactions between gender and physical quality of life (P = 0.004) and gender and alexithymia (P = 0.002) predicted IBS probability. The model resulted in a good discrimination (area under the curve = 75.4%) and model fit (F = 0.72, P = 0.69). History of depression (OR: 2.77, 1.94‐3.95), back pain (OR: 2.38, 1.69‐3.35), early trauma (OR: 1.03, 1.02‐1.04), and duration of inpatient treatment within the last twelve months (OR: 1.02, 1.01‐1.04) lost their significance in multivariable analysis.Conclusions & InferencesIBS prevalence was relatively low compared to other studies. Factors predicting IBS were of biological, psychological, and social nature. The association between IBS and pain in different areas of the body indicates a potential underlying complex somatic symptom disorder.