bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lone heroes, outsiders, rebels and social ecologies: Insights from three case studies of young citizens in action
Authors: Walsh Lucas L. , Black Rosalyn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Young people are frequently constructed in education policy discourses as not only active but transformative citizens who are expected to produce social and/or political change. Young people may embrace the individualized image of the active citizen while feeling the pressure of working within established structures and systems and of navigating the deficit discourses of youth that sometimes attend these. They may also acknowledge the role of key organizations and mentors in shaping their capacity to influence change, and yet still see themselves to some degree as lone hero actors, even as outsiders or rebels. This article draws on three Australian case studies to consider the role of NGOs and local government organizations in supporting young people’s capacity to influence change. It considers the importance of what we have called the social ecologies of influence, their relational and geographic dimensions, and how they enable young people’s resilience and efficacy as active citizens.
Student council and student leadership training in Hong Kong primary schools
Authors: Chong Eric King-Man , Timothy Yuen Wai Wa , Wing Leung Yan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article demonstrates how a Hong Kong primary school enlists students (aged 6 to 12 years) in school governance by having a student council and by creating a supportive learning context, including building a supportive ethos and offering training for student leaders. The significance of this study lies in its reporting of a successful case of a student council in a primary school and the impacts on the civic qualities of the students involved. This is an attempt at investigating: the educational impacts of a student council in a primary school setting in a Chinese context; and the collaboration between schools, teachers and a service provider in nurturing a school ethos and context favourable for student engagement. This study argues that although primary school students are young, they are able to speak up and act as office bearers in a student council in an effective way. They can contribute towards school governance by conveying informed views on school matters. A supportive school context consisting of favourable attitudes taken up by school parties, namely the school governing board, principal, teachers and students, is crucial. Hopefully, the study can shed light to the international communities on the nurturing of citizens through active participation in school community at an early age to have the competence to know, think, act, reflect and care in a new political environment marked by uncertainty and increasing political polarization.
Eradication Efficacy of Modified Dual Therapy Compared with Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy as a First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Yi , Fan Ling , Zhu Yang-Jie , Wang Ting-Yi , Wang Xing-Wei , Chen Dong-Feng , Lan Chun-Hui 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:
This study assessed the effectiveness, adverse events, patient adherence, and costs of modified dual therapy compared with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese patients. We also sought to determine whether modified dual therapy could be used as an alternative first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.

METHODS:
A total of 232 H. pylori-infected, treatment-naive patients were enrolled in this open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the 14-day modified dual therapy group and the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group. Eradication rates, drug-related adverse events, patient compliance, and drug costs were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:
The modified dual therapy group achieved eradication rates of 87.9%, 91.1%, and 91.1% as determined by the intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and modified intention-to-treat analyses, respectively. The eradication rates were similar compared with the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group: 89.7%, 91.2%, and 90.4%. In addition, modified dual therapy ameliorated variations in the CYP2C19, IL-1B-511, and H. pylori VacA genotypes. There were no significant differences in the compliance rates between the 2 groups. The modified dual therapy group exhibited significantly less overall side effects compared with the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the cost of medications in the modified dual therapy was lower compared with that in the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Modified dual therapy at high dose and administration frequency is equally effective and safer and less costly compared with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.
POTENTIAL OF BIG DATA FOR PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATORY LAND USE PLANNING
Authors: De Vries Walter Timo 
Published: February 2019

The presence of (spatial) big data presumes that citizens can more actively collect and analyse data for their own land use goals. This article evaluates that claim. Given that land use planning heavily depends on participation and citizens’ own contributions the core question is whether and how (spatial) big data can enhance and/or complement current land use planning endeavours. The article starts by defining and conceptualising the various phases and objectives of land use planning. This is needed to verify where citizen participation can play a crucial role and where bottom-up influence can actually emerge. The article is fundamentally explorative. It relies on evaluating existing websites and documentation which conceptualise (spatial) big data and smart application, with a particular emphasis on ‘smart people’. A number of specific cases are explored in order to verify how and in which type of land use planning activity citizens are actively. The evaluation indicates that many the smart applications making use of big data are still largely driven by conventional hierarchical governance structures. The choice of data and associated analytics are still largely confined and the opportunities whereby the designs of the new and alternative land use options by citizens are accepted or adopted is still limited. The take-home message is that adoption of big data for the purpose of empowering citizens is still limited. There probably needs to be more exemplary projects and various forms of capacity development and exploratory pilots before the full potential of (spatial) big data can be employed for bottom-up land use planning.
Von Negation zu Domänensubtraktion
Authors: Witzenhausen Elisabeth 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Middle Low German (MLG) underwent Jespersen’s Cycle, a change in the expression of sentential negation, whereby a preverbal marker ni (stage I) was adjoined by an adverbial niht (stage II) in the transition towards MLG, and was eventually replaced by it (stage III). In this article, I argue that the single preverbal particle ne/en in MLG became a marker of negation which is located syntactically higher, i. e. above the clause boundary, than the clause in which ne/en appears. This analysis is based on a corpus study investigating MLG exceptive clauses (English unless-clauses). Both on semantic and syntactic grounds, it is shown that these clauses can be explained as being complements of an operator that subtracts the proposition in the exceptive clause from the modal domain of a universal quantifier.
Trinität und Heilsgeschichte: Das ›Anegenge‹
Authors: Bauer Eva 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Up until now, the Early Middle High German text ›Anegenge‹ has been discredited in academic research for various different reasons, including claims that it is merely a bad didactic poem, whose sole purpose is to portray the complete history of salvation. This paper aims to illustrate that the main topic of the poem is not, as has been the common consensus thus far, the history of salvation, but, instead, the Holy Trinity. This allows for a reevaluation of the text.
On properties of output sequence of multi-cyclic generator over direct sum of residue groups modulo 2
Authors: Mezhennaya Natalia M. , Mikhailov Vladimir G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The formula for the frequencies of symbols in the output sequence of multi-cyclic generator over the direct sum of residue groups modulo 2 is obtained. In the case when cells of registers contain independent random values with the uniform distribution the limit joint distribution of the frequencies (as lengths of the registers tend to infinity) is obtained.
Donald Trump, Nationalization, and the 2018 Midterm Elections
Authors: Carson Jamie L. , Hitefield Aaron A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe 2018 midterm elections resulted in record levels of turnout, campaign funding, and the representation of women and minorities in Congress. Moreover, Democrats regained control of the US House of Representatives while Republicans shored up their minimal majority in the Senate. What made such a historic outcome possible? This article examines the candidates, expectations, outcomes, and implications of the 2018 midterm elections. In doing so, it offers an analysis into the primary elections, suggesting that the 2018 midterm results in the House were largely a result of successful nominations of quality Democratic candidates who were able to capitalize on the unpopularity of President Donald Trump despite an otherwise strong national economy. It closes with an in-depth analysis into the implications of the 2018 midterm election on both the incoming 116th Congress as well as the upcoming 2020 Presidential election.
From Fox News to Viral Views: The Influence of Ideological Media in the 2018 Elections
Authors: Grossmann Matt , Hopkins David A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The 2018 elections marked a notable increase in the influence of ideological media over both major American parties. Conservative media sources, led by Fox News Channel, further solidified their power within the Republican Party, maintaining their traditional role of informing and mobilizing Republican voters while extending their reach to become densely integrated with Republican elites, especially President Trump. At the same time, deep antipathy to the Trump presidency among Democratic voters produced a surge in popular demand for overtly liberal media programming and information about the 2018 elections, leading to extensive citizen engagement (especially online) and record grassroots fundraising totals for Democratic candidates. The events of 2018 thus furthered two important long-term trends – the ideological polarization of the parties and the nationalization of American elections – that continue to define our contemporary political era.
Threat, Mobilization, and Latino Voting in the 2018 Election
Authors: Reny Tyler , Wilcox-Archuleta Bryan , Cruz Nichols Vanessa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThroughout the 2016 US presidential campaign and the first 2 years of his presidency, Donald Trump has repeatedly dehumanized immigrants in pursuit of more restrictive immigration policies. Despite the common perception that this threat should increase the political mobilization of Latino voters, existing research has yielded mixed findings. In this article, we argue that attention has to be paid to both threatening climate and mobilization. We examine Latino voting in the 2018 midterm election using both aggregate election data from 2014 and 2018 as well as a large 10-week tracking poll (n=2767) of Latinos during the last 2 months of the 2018 election. We show that, compared to 2014, the number of ballots cast by Latinos increased substantially. Using the tracking poll, however, we show that threat alone did not appear to be sufficient to mobilize Latino voters in the 2018 election. It is threat combined with mobilization, rather, that increased Latino voting. We discuss implications for future Latino political participation in the US.
Rate of weight gain as a predictor of readmission in adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Sebastian Meghna R. , Wiemann Constance M. , Hergenroeder Albert C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Readmission after hospital discharge is common in adolescents with eating disorders. Studies on the association between rapidity of weight gain and readmission are inconsistent. With an emphasis on more rapid weight gain during hospitalization, the effect of this strategy on readmission rates warrants further investigation.

Objective
This project explored the relationship between rate of weight gain during hospitalization and medically necessitated readmissions.

Subjects
Eighty-two patients who: were admitted due to an eating disorder during a 5-year period; achieved weight restoration to ≥84% of ideal body weight (IBW); had a follow-up visit with the adolescent medicine service after discharge; and, had information available on rate of weight gain.

Methods
Data were extracted from medical records. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of rate of weight gain on readmission. The effect of a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis was tested for an interaction.

Results
Of patients 20.7% required readmission. The median rate of weight gain was 118.6 g/day [interquartile range (IQR) = 91.8–150.8]. There was a 1.8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–3.6, p = 0.087] greater odds of readmission with each increase in weight gain quartile after adjusting for potential confounders. Patients in the lowest rate of weight gain quartile and no psychiatric co-morbidity had a significantly lower predicted probability of readmission (25.1%) compared to those with a psychiatric comorbidity and in the highest quartile of rate of weight gain (48.4%).

Conclusion
Patients with eating disorders who have rapid inpatient weight gain and psychiatric co-morbidities may be at increased risk for readmission.
On the Gevrey ultradifferentiability of weak solutions of an abstract evolution equation with a scalar type spectral operator of orders less than one
Authors: Markin Marat V. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
It is shown that, if all weak solutions of the evolution equation

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle y'(t)=Ay(t),\, t\ge 0,
\end{array} $$
with a scalar type spectral operator A in a complex Banach space are Gevrey ultradifferentiable of orders less than one, then the operator A is necessarily bounded.
Arithmetical properties of double Möbius-Bernoulli numbers
Authors: Bayad Abdelmejid , Kim Daeyeoul , Li Yan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Given positive integers n, n′ and k, we investigate the Möbius-Bernoulli numbers Mk(n), double Möbius-Bernoulli numbers Mk(n,n′), and Möbius-Bernoulli polynomials Mk(n)(x). We find new identities involving double Möbius-Bernoulli, Barnes-Bernoulli numbers and Dedekind sums. In part of this paper, the Möbius-Bernoulli polynomials Mk(n)(x), can be interpreted as critical values of the following Dirichlet type L-function

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle L_{HM}(s;n,x):=\sum_{d|n} \sum_{m= 0}^\infty \frac{\mu(d)}{(md+x)^s} \, \, \text{(for Re} (s) \gt 1),
\end{array} $$
which has analytic continuation to the whole s-complex plane, where μ is the Möbius function.
Short-term steam treatment of MFC gel with and without water-soluble cellulose derivative
Authors: Hiltunen Salla , Heiskanen Isto , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrofibrillated cellulose (MFC) with and without added CMC was exposed to short-term dynamic thermal treatment using a steam jet cooker. The effects of the elevated temperature (130 °C, ∼3 bar) and shear forces on the rheology, crystallinity index, UV/VIS adsorption and water retention were measured. Jet cooking increased the viscosity and gel strength of the MFC and MFC/CMC mixture but with CMC alone a slight decrease in viscosity was observed. The water retention capacity and crystalline indices of the MFC were not greatly affected by the short-term thermal treatment and shear forces, although a slight increase in the UV/VIS absorbance was observed.
Exercise Programming for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Cormier Tom 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS THE MOST COMMON LIVER DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES AND ABROAD DUE TO A WESTERN DIET AND A DECREASE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. WEIGHT LOSS AND EXERCISE IMPROVE THE FATTY LIVER AND ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES; HOWEVER, PROGRAMMING IS HIGHLY INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERING ITS HIGH PREVALENCE, AND THEREFORE, SEVERAL PROGRAMMING OPTIONS CAN BE CONSIDERED. A VIDEO ABSTRACT DESCRIBING THIS ARTICLE CAN BE FOUND IN SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A253).
Evolution of the Highly Repetitive PEVK Region of Titin Across Mammals
Authors: Muenzen Kathleen , Monroy Jenna , Finseth Findley R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The protein titin plays a key role in vertebrate muscle where it acts like a giant molecular spring. Despite its importance and conservation over vertebrate evolution, a lack of high quality annotations in non-model species makes comparative evolutionary studies of titin challenging. The PEVK region of titin—named for its high proportion of Pro-Glu-Val-Lys amino acids—is particularly difficult to annotate due to its abundance of alternatively spliced isoforms and short, highly repetitive exons. To understand PEVK evolution across mammals, we developed a bioinformatics tool, PEVK_Finder, to annotate PEVK exons from genomic sequences of titin and applied it to a diverse set of mammals. PEVK_Finder consistently outperforms standard annotation tools across a broad range of conditions and improves annotations of the PEVK region in non-model mammalian species. We find that the PEVK region can be divided into two subregions (PEVK-N, PEVK-C) with distinct patterns of evolutionary constraint and divergence. The bipartite nature of the PEVK region has implications for titin diversification. In the PEVK-N region, certain exons are conserved and may be essential, but natural selection also acts on particular codons. In the PEVK-C, exons are more homogenous and length variation of the PEVK region may provide the raw material for evolutionary adaptation in titin function. The PEVK-C region can be further divided into a highly repetitive region (PEVK-CA) and one that is more variable (PEVK-CB). Taken together, we find that the very complexity that makes titin a challenge for annotation tools may also promote evolutionary adaptation.
Aminoglycoside resistance determinants in multiresistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Turkish and Syrian patients
Authors: Cirit Osman Sezer , Fernández-Martínez Marta , Yayla Buket , Martínez-Martínez Luis 
Published: February 2019

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are frequently found resistance to aminoglycosides in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate aminoglycoside resistance in clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from Turkey using both phenotypic and genotypic methods and screening for the prevalence of gene coding for common aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methylase genes. A total of 88 consecutive, non-duplicated E. coli (n = 65) and K. pneumoniae (n = 23) isolates showing resistance or intermediate resistance to amikacin and/or gentamicin were collected between October 2013 and May 2015 from clinical samples received at Gaziantep Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital. Seventeen isolates were obtained from Syrian patients. Isolates resistant to any of the two aminoglycosides were tested by PCR for seven AME genes, and 22 isolates with amikacin MIC ≥16 mg/L were also tested for 16S rRNA methylase genes. In E. coli isolates, the most frequent genes were aac(6′)-Ib (50 strains; 76.9%) and aac(3)-IIa (40 strains; 70.7%), followed by aph(3′)-Ia (5 strains; 7.6%) and ant(2″)-Ia (2 strains; 3.1%). Among the 23 resistant K. pneumoniae isolates, the most prevalent gene was aac(3′)-IIa (87.0%) followed by aac(6′)-Ib (73.9%) and aph(3′)-Ia (8.6%). The rmtC gene was detected in one K. pneumoniae isolate. Resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from our center is predominantly caused by AAC(6′)-Ib and AAC(3)-II enzymes, while the occurrence of 16S rRNA methylases is so far limited.
Predictive Assessment of Operator's Hand Trajectory with the Copying Type of Control for Solution of the Inverse Dynamic Problem
Authors: Petrenko Viacheslav , Tebueva Fariza , Gurchinsky Mikhail , Antonov Vladimir , Pavlov Andrey 
Published: February 2019

The most important task of modern robotics is the development of robots to perform the work in potentially dangerous fields which can cause the risk to human health. Currently robotic systems can not become a full replacement for man for solving complex problems in a dynamic environment despite an active development of artificial intelligence technologies.
The robots that implement the copying type of control or the so-called virtual presence of the operator are the most advanced for use in the nearest future. The principle of copying control is based on the motion capture of the remote operator and the formation of control signals for the robot’s drives. A tracking system or systems based on movement planning can be used to control the drives. The tracking systems are simpler, but systems based on motion planning allow to achieve more smooth motion and less wear on the parts of the control object. An artificial delay between the movements of the operator and the control object for necessary data collection is used to implement the control-based motion planning.
The aim of research is a reduction of delay, which appears when controlling the anthropomorphic manipulator drives based on the solution of the inverse dynamic problem, when real time copying type of control is used . For motion path planning it is proposed to use forecast values of the generalized coordinates for manipulator. Based on the measured values of the generalized coordinates of the operator's hand, time series are formed and their prediction is performed. Predictive values of generalized coordinates are used in planning the anthropomorphic manipulator trajectory and solving the inverse dynamic problem. Prediction is based on linear regression with relatively low computational complexity, which is an important criterion for the system operation in the real time operation mode. The developed mathematical apparatus, based on prediction parameters and maximum permissible accelerations of the manipulator drives, allows to find a theoretical estimate of error values limits for planning the operator's hand trajectory using the proposed approach for specific tasks. The adequacy of the maximum theoretical value of the prediction error, as well as the prospects of the proposed approach for testing in practice is confirmed by the software simulation in Matlab environment.