bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput phenotyping with deep learning gives insight into the genetic architecture of flowering time in wheat
Authors: Wang Xu , Xuan Hong , Evers Byron , Shrestha Sandesh , Pless Robert , Poland Jesse 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of plant traits with precision and speed on large populations has emerged as a critical bottleneck in connecting genotype to phenotype in genetics and breeding. This bottleneck limits advancements in understanding plant genomes and the development of improved, high-yielding crop varieties.ResultsHere we demonstrate the application of deep learning on proximal imaging from a mobile field vehicle to directly estimate plant morphology and developmental stages in wheat under field conditions. We developed and trained a convolutional neural network with image datasets labeled from expert visual scores and used this “breeder-trained” network to classify wheat morphology and developmental stages. For both morphological (awned) and phenological (flowering time) traits, we demonstrate high heritability and very high accuracy against the “ground-truth” values from visual scoring. Using the traits predicted by the network, we tested genotype-to-phenotype association using the deep learning phenotypes and uncovered novel epistatic interactions for flowering time. Enabled by the time-series high-throughput phenotyping, we describe a new phenotype as the rate of flowering and show heritable genetic control for this trait.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a field-based high-throughput phenotyping approach using deep learning that can directly measure morphological and developmental phenotypes in genetic populations from field-based imaging. The deep learning approach presented here gives a conceptual advancement in high-throughput plant phenotyping because it can potentially estimate any trait in any plant species for which the combination of breeder scores and high-resolution images can be obtained, capturing the expert knowledge from breeders, geneticists, pathologists, and physiologists to train the networks.
Exploration of distributed self-supervised training optimization strategies in visual tasks
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Bo , Chen Jiangqi , Wang Jin , Chen Xia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In response to the growing demand for handling unlabeled data in visual tasks, this paper introduces a novel federated self-supervised learning model (FedSSL), which employs a federated learning framework to conduct distributed model training across multiple decentralized datasets. This model effectively harnesses the unlabeled data that is discreetly distributed among various terminals, thereby collaboratively training high-performance models. Moreover, comparative experiments conducted under standard experimental parameters and on general datasets demonstrate the model’s efficacy. FedSSL not only reduces the computational complexity of the model but also enhances classification accuracy.
Needs Assessment for a New Military Burn Care Educational Curriculum Focused on Prolonged Field Care: The Burns for Providers Program (BP2)
Authors: Hornung Logan J , Rivera-Barbosa Mario , Johnson James E , Carter Jeffrey E , Schoen Jonathan E , Cancio Leopoldo C , Samosorn Angela B , Phelan Herb A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We performed a needs assessment to determine the essential elements for a curriculum teaching burn care during Large Scale Combat Operations against peer/near-peer adversaries within multi-domain contested combat environments. Virtual and face-to-face site visit meetings were conducted with 20 stakeholders at 3 levels: (1) Subject Matter Experts in military burn casualty care at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), the Joint Trauma System, and the US Army Medical Center of Excellence (US Army MedCOE) in Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA) – Fort Sam Houston, TX; (2) Course Directors, Instructors, Curriculum Innovators, and Writers for the Combat Paramedic Branch and the Critical Care Flight Paramedic Program at JBSA; and (3) regulatory administrators providing education, research, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) administration for USAISR and US Army MedCOE. The identified terminal learning objectives (TLOs) consisted of training in burn casualty monitoring and principles of burn wound care according to available resources; best practices during prolonged casualty care for pain, nutrition, and infection control; specific management of inhalation, chemical, radiation, electrical, pediatric, and mass casualty burn injuries; and procedural skill training for patient decontamination, debridement, dressings, and escharotomy. Additionally, needs were identified for novel technology that provides asynchronous individual learning opportunities using interactive role-play simulations, immersive simulation, or virtual reality simulation as well as hands-on procedure simulators. Stakeholder engagement resulted in the identification of 16 TLOs that were subsequently used as the basis for a military curriculum we are calling the “Burns for Providers Program” (BP2).
Detection and functional validation of point mutations in acetylcholinesterase-1 associated with organophosphate resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Guan Fang , Xiao Xin , Dong Rongrong , Wang Chenyang , Jin Zeng , Wu Shuwen , Wu Yidong , Yang Yihua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Point mutations in the acetylcholinesterase-1 gene (ace-1) have been associated with resistance to OPs in many insects. However, the presence and function of ace-1 mutations associated with OP resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a significant lepidopteran pest damaging a wide range of crops, remain largely unexplored. This study investigated resistance to the OP insecticide phoxim in 12 field populations of H. armigera from northern China in 2022, revealing low levels of resistance (2.5- to 6.7-fold). Using an amplicon sequencing approach, we screened for ace-1 mutations in 13,874 moths collected from 114 populations collected between 2006 and 2022. We found 3 amino acid substitutions (A201S, G227E, and F290V) potentially related to OP resistance. The mean frequencies of A201S, G227E, and F290V mutations were 0.0032, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively. To assess these mutations’ role in OP resistance, we expressed wild-type and mutant AChE1 proteins in Sf9 cells. Biochemical characterization revealed a 3.1-fold and 3.3-fold increase in the I50 of chlorpyrifos-oxon for A201S and F290V mutants compared to the wild-type enzyme, correlating with a 2.9-fold and 2.7-fold decrease in the Ki value. No enzyme activity was observed in the G227E mutant, indicating that only A201S and F290V confer insensitivity to chlorpyrifos-oxon. Our study demonstrates that amplicon sequencing is an effective method for large-scale screening of resistance-associated point mutations in field populations of H. armigera and potentially other insect pests. It also identifies A201S and F290V in AChE1 as potential point mutations conferring OP resistance in field populations of H. armigera.
Airports and regional development: the expansion of the Norwegian air network, 1950–2019
Authors: Rattsø Jørn , Sheard Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article studies how airports affect regional growth in population and employment, considering heterogeneity in the circumstances of an airport’s opening. We use synthetic controls with staggered adoption and data on the whole airport system in Norway for 1950–2019. We find positive overall effects of airports on population and employment growth. Addressing heterogeneity, we find relatively strong effects of airports opened in the 1950s, more distant from other airports, with longer runways, or with links to major cities. We also find stronger growth if an airport is opened in a region with a university, college, or hospital.
Self, Well-being, and Agency in the Caraka Saṃhitā
Authors: Gautama Pushya A , Menon Sangeetha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we examine three different conceptions of self within the Caraka Saṃhitā (CS), a classical Sanskrit Āyurveda text, based on three interrelated notions of suffering, well-being, and the nature of the self’s agentic pursuit of remedy. These are—(i) the phenomenal self, (ii) the expansive self, and (iii) the transcendental self. The phenomenal self-in-the-world encompasses its existence across a single lifetime, and as the embodied, agentic self of the ‘sufferer in the here-and-now’, it is the primary subject of the CS. The temporally expansive self is conceived of in relation to the self’s experiences of disease, illness, and well-being as a result of karmic consequence and is therefore expansive (extends beyond the temporal bounds of a single lifetime). It experiences multiple embodied phenomenal subjectivities across an iterative temporal continuum. The ‘transcendental self’, although also temporally expansive, is the unchanging, eternal core of all ‘being’, the seer of all actions, the ‘knowing’ of which is ultimate well-being, and as such, implies the cessation of karmic valence.
On structural proof theory of the modal logic K+ extended with infinitary derivations
Authors: Shamkanov Daniyar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider an extension of the modal logic of transitive closure $\textsf{K}^{+}$ with certain infinitary derivations and present a sequent calculus for this extension, which allows non-well-founded proofs. We establish continuous cut-elimination for the given calculus using fixed-point theorems for contractive mappings. The infinitary derivations mentioned above are well founded and countably branching, while the non-well-founded proofs of the sequent calculus can only be finitely branching. The ordinary derivations in $\textsf{K}^{+}$, as we show additionally, correspond to the non-well-founded proofs of the calculus that are regular and cut-free. Therefore, in this article, we explore the relationship between deductive systems for $\textsf{K}^{+}$ with well-founded infinitely branching derivations and (regular) non-well-founded finitely branching proofs.
Effects of grazing and vegetation on Daurian Pika populations in northern Mongolia
Authors: Smith Chris J , Dovchin Badamgarav , Craighead April , Jahl Tumursukh , Tumur Battogtokh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Daurian Pika (Ochotona dauurica) are steppe-dwelling burrowing mammals with the potential to have large effects on central Asian grasslands due to their extensive range, propensity to occur at extremely high density, and roles as ecosystem engineers and important prey species. The few studies that have been done are mostly from northern China and Russia, while little research has been done in the majority of their range in Mongolia. We studied a population of Daurian Pika in the Darhad Valley of northern Mongolia, near the southern edge of the permafrost, where climate change is progressing rapidly. We evaluated pika populations at 87 random plots across a large 40 × 125 km area and assessed the impact of factors related to vegetation cover, grazing, and soils that predicted their occupancy and an index of their density (number of active burrows). We found that pikas were more likely to occur in areas with taller grass and higher forb cover, and burrow densities were higher in areas with low or moderate grazing and lower soil moisture. In summer, pikas mainly foraged on grass compared with forbs—while in fall, forbs appeared to be selected for in haypiles. Dense pika burrow systems had taller grasses and forbs in their immediate vicinity, suggesting that in some cases, pika could help promote plant growth for other grazers. Long-tailed Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus undulatus) was the second most abundant small mammal in our study sight and selected for areas with high cover of overgrazing indicator species and for short forbs, providing little evidence for competition with Daurian Pika. Our results suggest that shorter grass (~1 cm) can decrease pika occupancy by 75%, while heavy grazing may decrease burrow density by 66% in dry soils. With grazing pressure in Mongolia increasing dramatically since the 1990s, future research is strongly needed to assess the impacts of grazing on this keystone species.
Historical dietary ecology of black-backed jackals (Lupulella mesomelas) based on dental microwear texture analysis
Authors: Schwartz Andrew , DeSantis Larisa , Koehler Juniper , Scott Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Within the diverse carnivore guilds of eastern and southern Africa, Black-backed Jackal (Lupulella mesomelas) populations are stable and thriving, unlike hundreds of mammal species in Africa that are adversely affected by human-mediated habitat loss and hunting. Population stability may be due to the extremely broad diet of the Black-backed Jackal or behavioral flexibility allowing dietary shifts to more prevalent resources. To assess geographic, seasonal, and historical dietary variation and change, we analyzed the diet in the Cape (L. m. mesomelas) and East African (L. m. schmidti) subspecies of Black-backed Jackal through dental microwear texture analysis from 1896 to 1970. We found no significant differences across geographically distinct subspecies or season. However, greater complexity was observed in the East African Black-backed Jackal after 1920—a period of population growth and industrialization in Sub-Sharan Africa. Our results imply that despite local differences in habitat, prey, and carnivorous contemporaries, dietary mechanical properties of Cape and East African black-backed jackals were relatively similar, representative of truly expansive and variable diets or similar utilization of different food items. Higher complexity over time implies a shift toward greater brittle food utilization, possibly in the form of bones and hard seeds, or greater contact with exogenous grit. We discuss these results in the context of mammal habitat loss and population decline, as well as increasing anthropogenic impact in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A qualitative analysis of perceived risks and benefits of mosquito abatement and bite prevention strategies in Northeastern U.S. communities
Authors: Mader Emily M , Clements Nia , Lehane Áine , Gangloff-Kaufmann Jody , Crans Scott , Horton Chris , Greiner Safi Amelia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mosquito-borne disease (MBD) incidence is increasing in the United States (U.S.), presenting an evolving health threat. Assessments of public perceptions have revealed limited awareness of MBDs among the U.S. population. Our team used focus groups to gain an in-depth understanding of risk perceptions regarding mosquito exposure and pesticide use, and benefit perceptions and motivators for bite prevention strategies. A total of 37 individuals participated in focus groups across 3 states: New Jersey (n = 14), New York (n = 15), and Massachusetts (n = 8). Most participants were unfamiliar with public mosquito control services and felt they were not at high exposure risk to any MBDs. Overall, participants were supportive of investing public funds for mosquito surveillance. However, participants across all focus groups expressed concerns over ecosystem health and long-term consequences of pesticide use for mosquito control. Participants in every focus group referenced a risk assessment that weighed the risk of MBD exposure against the use of chemical control: once participants perceived MBDs as negatively impacting human and/or animal health in their area, sentiment swung largely to supporting the use of pesticides. In the absence of an obvious MBD threat, participants preferred nonchemical control interventions. Participants felt communication from mosquito control agencies should be accessible, disseminated across multiple venues, and should include instructions for the public during spray events, resources for individual bite prevention, and information on control products used. Our research results can inform the development of improved, evidence-based MBD outreach and educational resources that are acceptable, actionable, and relevant to Northeast communities.
Epistemological flashpoints in China’s ‘person-making’ education with reinvoked cultural discourses: lideshuren as an example
Authors: Zhao Weili 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As an imprint and reinvigoration of Confucian culture, China foregrounds its 21st-century state-run education as to make national(istic) citizens, reinvoking lideshuren (establishing personhood by cultivating moral excellence) as its signature discourse beyond Western frameworks. Drawing upon Foucault’s thinking, this article untangles China’s effort as being epistemologically vexed in three steps. First, I pick up Foucault’s interpellation on language, discourse, and episteme, evoking a possible language-episteme conflation and/or rupture which is crucial to understanding China’s lideshuren knowledge (re)production and translation within and across cultures. Second, I trace lideshuren to a Confucian prototype to make visible its possible historical–cultural murmurings along a correlative relationality episteme. This historical detour enables me to better problematize, in the third section, contemporary China’s remobilizing, transforming, and reinterpreting Confucian lideshuren discourses to both the Chinese and Western wor(l)d along a delimiting modern ‘trap of philology’. This historical–present epistemological comparison, albeit reductive, feeds into my analysis of China’s making of universal–national(istic) citizens at the nexus of nationalism and globalism. By focusing on China, this article provides implications for comparing national educations as making universal individuals in a globalized age.
Massive anal condyloma lata following lung transplantation due to cystic fibrosis: successful treatment with circular hemorrhoidectomy with mucosal bridges
Authors: Niedritis Arturs , Lebedjkovs Sergejs 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This case report presents the treatment of a 36-year-old male patient with massive anal condyloma lata following lung transplantation due to cystic fibrosis. The patient, under long-term immunosuppressive therapy, developed extensive wart-like lesions around the anal canal. A modified circular hemorrhoidectomy with mucosal bridges was performed to excise the affected tissue while preserving functional integrity. The surgery, conducted under general anesthesia, successfully removed all lesions without complications. Postoperatively, the patient experienced no pain, bleeding, incontinence, or recurrence during follow-up. The preservation of mucosal bridges helped prevent common complications such as anal stenosis and mucosal ectropion. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of condyloma lata. This case underscores the effectiveness of circular hemorrhoidectomy, particularly in patients with circular anal canal lesions, and highlights the role of mucosal bridges in minimizing postoperative complications while ensuring complete lesion excision. This technique should be considered in similar cases of extensive anal lesions.
Accounting for the impact of genotype and environment on variation in leaf respiration of wheat in Mexico and Australia
Authors: Gaju Oorbessy , Bloomfield Keith J , Negrini Anna C A , Bowerman Andrew F , Cullerne Darren , Posch Bradley Cooper , Bryant Callum , Fan Yuzhen , Spence Matthew , Stone Bethany , Gilliham Matthew , Furbank Robert T , Molero Gemma , Pogson Barry J , Mathews Ky , Millar A Harvey , Pearson Allison L , Reynolds Matthew P , Stroeher Elke , Taylor Nicolas L , Turnbull Matthew H , Atkin Owen K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An approach to improving radiation use efficiency (RUE) in wheat is to screen for variability in rates of leaf respiration in darkness (Rdark). We used a high-throughput system to quantify variation in Rdark among a diverse range of spring wheat genotypes (301 lines) grown in two countries (Mexico and Australia) and two seasons (2017 and 2018), and in doing so quantify the relative importance of genotype (G) and environment (E) in influencing variations in leaf Rdark. Through careful design, residual (unexplained) variation represented &lt;10% of the total observed. Up to a third of the variation in Rdark (and related traits) was under genetic control. This suggests opportunities for breeders to use Rdark as a novel selection tool. In addition, E accounted for more than half of the total variation in area-based rates of Rdark. Here, the day of measurement was crucial, suggesting that day-to-day variations in the environment influence rates of Rdark measured at a common temperature. Overall, this study provides new insights into the role G and E play in determining variation in rates of leaf Rdark of one of the most important cereal crops, with implications for future improvements in carbon use efficiency and yield.
Diverse roles of phytohormonal signaling in modulating plant–virus interactions
Authors: Sharma Shambhavi , Prasad Manoj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Virus infection brings about changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome status of the infected plant, wherein substantial alterations in the abundance of phytohormones and associated components involved in their signaling pathways have been observed. In recent years, extensive research in the field of plant virology has showcased the indisputable significance of phytohormone signaling during plant–virus interactions. Apart from acting as growth regulators, phytohormones elicit a robust immune response, which restricts viral multiplication within the plant and propagation by vectors. Interestingly, these pathways have been shown to act not only as isolated mechanisms but also as complex intertwined regulatory cascades where the crosstalk among different phytohormones and with other antiviral pathways takes place during plant–virus interaction. Viruses disrupt phytohormone homeostasis via their multifunctional effectors, which seems to be a ‘smart’ approach adopted by viruses to circumvent phytohormone-mediated plant immune responses. In this review, we summarize current understanding of role of phytohormone signaling pathways during plant–virus interactions in activating plant antiviral immune responses and how viruses exploit these signaling pathways to favor their pathogenesis.
Probing the origin of the extended flaring branch of Z-type X-ray binaries GX 340+0 and GX 5-1 using AstroSat
Authors: Dutta Tanmoy , Pahari Mayukh , Sarkar Anish , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Bhargava Yash 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
‘Z’ type neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries typically show a ‘Z’-like three-branched track in their hardness intensity diagram. However, a few such ‘Z’ sources show an additional branch known as the extended flaring branch (EFB). EFB has been poorly studied, and its origin is not known. It is thought to be an extension of the flaring branch (FB) or associated with Fe K $\alpha$ complex or an additional continuum due to the radiative recombination continuum (RRC) process. Using AstroSat observations, we have detected the EFB from two ‘Z’ sources, GX 340+0 and GX 5–1, and performed a broad-band spectral analysis in the 0.5–22 keV energy range. During EFB, both sources show the presence of a significant RRC component with absorption edges at $7.91^{+0.16}_{-0.15}$ and $8.10^{+0.16}_{-0.17}$ keV, respectively along with blackbody radiation and thermal Comptonization. No signature of RRC was detected during the FB, which is adjoint to the EFB. No Fe K $\alpha$ complex is detected. Interestingly, inside EFB dips of GX 5-1, for the first time, we have detected flaring events of 30–60 s, which can be modelled with a single blackbody radiation. During the FB to EFB transition, an increase in the blackbody radius by a factor of 1.5–2 is observed in both sources. Our analysis strongly suggests that EFB is not an extension of FB or caused by the Fe K $\alpha$ complex. Rather, it is caused by a sudden expansion of the hot, thermalized boundary layer and subsequent rapid cooling.