bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comprehensive anatomical spinal osteotomy and anterior column realignment classification
Authors: Uribe Juan S. , Schwab Frank , Mundis Gregory M. , Xu David S. , Januszewski Jacob , Kanter Adam S. , Okonkwo David O. , Hu Serena S. , Vedat Deviren , Eastlack Robert , Berjano Pedro , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVESpinal osteotomies and anterior column realignment (ACR) are procedures that allow preservation or restoration of spine lordosis. Variations of these techniques enable different degrees of segmental, regional, and global sagittal realignment. The authors propose a comprehensive anatomical classification system for ACR and its variants based on the level of technical complexity and invasiveness. This serves as a common language and platform to standardize clinical and radiographic outcomes for the utilization of ACR.METHODSThe proposed classification is based on 6 anatomical grades of ACR, including anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) release, with varying degrees of posterior column release or osteotomies. Additionally, a surgical approach (anterior, lateral, or posterior) was added. Reliability of the classification was evaluated by an analysis of 16 clinical cases, rated twice by 14 different spine surgeons, and calculation of Fleiss kappa coefficients.RESULTSThe 6 grades of ACR are as follows: grade A, ALL release with hyperlordotic cage, intact posterior elements; grade 1 (ACR + Schwab grade 1), additional resection of the inferior facet and joint capsule; grade 2 (ACR + Schwab grade 2), additional resection of both superior and inferior facets, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, lamina, and spinous process; grade 3 (ACR + Schwab grade 3), additional adjacent-level 3-column osteotomy including pedicle subtraction osteotomy; grade 4 (ACR + Schwab grade 4), 2-level distal 3-column osteotomy including pedicle subtraction osteotomy and disc space resection; and grade 5 (ACR + Schwab grade 5), complete or partial removal of a vertebral body and both adjacent discs with or without posterior element resection. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were 97% and 98%, respectively, across the 14-reviewer cohort.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed anatomical realignment classification provides a consistent description of the various posterior and anterior column release/osteotomies. This reliability study confirmed that the classification is consistent and reproducible across a diverse group of spine surgeons.
Decompression for Chiari malformation type II in individuals with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry
Authors: Kim Irene , Hopson Betsy , Aban Inmaculada , Rizk Elias B. , Dias Mark S. , Bowman Robin , Ackerman Laurie L. , Partington Michael D. , Castillo Heidi , Castillo Jonathan , Peterson Paula R. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rocque Brandon G. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine the rate of decompression for Chiari malformation type II in individuals with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR). In addition, the authors explored the variation in rates of Chiari II decompression across NSBPR institutions, examined the relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, age, and need for tracheostomy, and they evaluated for temporal trends in rates of Chiari II decompression.METHODSThe authors queried the NSBPR to identify all individuals with myelomeningocele between 2009 and 2015. Among these patients, they identified individuals who had undergone at least 1 Chiari II decompression as well as those who had undergone tracheostomy. For each participating NSBPR institution, the authors calculated the proportion of patients enrolled at that site who underwent Chiari II decompression. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between Chiari II decompression, functional lesion level, age at decompression, and history of tracheostomy.RESULTSOf 4448 individuals with myelomeningocele identified from 26 institutions, 407 (9.15%) had undergone at least 1 Chiari II decompression. Fifty-one patients had undergone tracheostomy. Logistic regression demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, with a more rostral lesion level associated with a higher likelihood of posterior fossa decompression. Similarly, children born before 2005 and those with history of tracheostomy had a significantly higher likelihood of Chiari II decompression. There was no association between functional lesion level and need for tracheostomy. However, among those children who underwent Chiari II decompression, the likelihood of also undergoing tracheostomy increased significantly with younger age at decompression.CONCLUSIONSThe rate of Chiari II decompression in patients with myelomeningocele in the NSBPR is consistent with that in previously published literature. There is a significant relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, which has not previously been reported. Younger children who undergo Chiari II decompression are more likely to have undergone tracheostomy. There appears to be a shift away from Chiari II decompression, as children born before 2005 were more likely to undergo Chiari II decompression than those born in 2005 or later.
Treated hydrocephalus in individuals with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry
Authors: Kim Irene , Hopson Betsy , Aban Inmaculada , Rizk Elias B. , Dias Mark S. , Bowman Robin , Ackerman Laurie L. , Partington Michael D. , Castillo Heidi , Castillo Jonathan , Peterson Paula R. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rocque Brandon G. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEAlthough the majority of patients with myelomeningocele have hydrocephalus, reported rates of hydrocephalus treatment vary widely. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of surgical treatment for hydrocephalus in patients with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR). In addition, the authors explored the variation in shunting rates across NSBPR institutions, examined the relationship between hydrocephalus, and the functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, and evaluated for temporal trends in rates of treated hydrocephalus.METHODSThe authors queried the NSBPR to identify all patients with myelomeningoceles. Individuals were identified as having been treated for hydrocephalus if they had undergone at least 1 hydrocephalus-related operation. For each participating NSBPR institution, the authors calculated the proportion of patients with treated hydrocephalus who were enrolled at that site. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between hydrocephalus and the functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele and to compare the rate of treated hydrocephalus in children born before 2005 with those born in 2005 or later.RESULTSA total of 4448 patients with myelomeningocele were identified from 26 institutions, of whom 3558 patients (79.99%) had undergone at least 1 hydrocephalus-related operation. The rate of treated hydrocephalus ranged from 72% to 96% among institutions enrolling more than 10 patients. This difference in treatment rates between centers was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Insufficient data were available in the NSBPR to analyze reasons for the different rates of hydrocephalus treatment between sites. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that more rostral functional lesion levels were associated with higher rates of treated hydrocephalus (p < 0.001) but demonstrated no significant difference in hydrocephalus treatment rates between children born before versus after 2005.CONCLUSIONSThe rate of hydrocephalus treatment in patients with myelomeningocele in the NSBPR is 79.99%, which is consistent with the rates in previously published literature. The authors’ data demonstrate a clear association between functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele and the need for hydrocephalus treatment.
Clinical Experience with Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42, Total and Phosphorylated Tau in the Evaluation of 1,016 Individuals for Suspected Dementia
Authors: Tariciotti Leonardo , Casadei Matthew , Honig Lawrence S. , Teich Andrew F. , McKhann II Guy M. , Tosto Giuseppe , Mayeux Richard 
Published: August 2018

Background: Elevated total tau (tTau), 181-phosphorylated phosphorylated tau (pTau), and low amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represent a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The goal was to determine the overall accuracy of CSF Aβ42, tTau, pTau, and the Aβ42/total tau index (ATI) in a non-research, clinical setting for the diagnosis of AD. Methods: From medical records in 1,016 patients that had CSF studies for dementia over a 12-year period (2005 to 2017), we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of CSF Aβ42, tTau, and pTau and the ATI in relation to the final clinical diagnosis. Results: Compared with non-demented patients and patients with other dementias or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the sensitivity and specificity of the recommended ATI and pTau cut-offs (ATI < 1.0 and pTau >61 pg/ml) for the diagnosis of AD were 0.88 and 0.72, respectively. Similar results were obtained comparing AD with non-demented patients only (0.88, 0.82) and AD with other types of dementia (0.81, 0.77). A subgroup of patients with presumed normal pressure hydrocephalus ( n = 154) were biopsied at the time of shunt placement. Using the pathological manifestations of AD as the standard, the sensitivity was 0.83 while the specificity was 0.72. Conclusions: In a non-research setting, CSF biomarkers for AD showed a high sensitivity in accordance with previous studies, but modest specificity differentiating AD from other types of dementia or MCI. This study of unselected patients provides a valid and realistic assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of these CSF biomarkers in clinical practice.
Objective Arm Swing Analysis in Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease Using an RGB-D Camera (Kinect®)
Authors: Ospina Beatriz Muñoz , Chaparro Jaime Andrés Valderrama , Paredes Juan David Arango , Pino Yor Jaggy Castaño , Navarro Andrés , Orozco Jorge Luis 
Published: August 2018

Background: Arm swing changes are common even in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesized that arm swing changes decrease with age and can be detected using a low-cost, RGB-D depth-sensing camera. Objective: This study aimed to assess the differences in arm swing between PD patients and healthy participants and to investigate the possible effects of aging on these differences. Methods: Twenty-five PD patients (aged 45–87 years) and 25 age-matched, healthy subjects (aged 46–88 years) were included. Clinical variables were evaluated using a descriptive analysis. No spatiotemporal variables were normally distributed; therefore, we used a Mann–Whitney U test to compare the continuous variables between groups and to perform age-stratified analysis. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was generated to evaluate the discrimination activity of arm swing asymmetry (ASA). Results: The PD group showed significant reductions in arm swing magnitude (left, p = 0.002; right, p = 0.006) and arm swing speed (left, p = 0.002; right, p = 0.004) and significantly greater ASA ( p < 0.001). The age-stratified analysis showed significant differences in ASA in the 40–59-year group ( p = 0.001) and bilateral arm swing magnitude in the 60–66-year group. No differences were found in those aged >67 years. Conclusions: The camera detected differences in ASA, arm swing speed, and arm swing magnitude between PD patients and healthy individuals. Analysis of arm swing variables should be stratified by age, and the validity of the analysis may be questionable in patients aged >67 years.
Retrospective case-control study of necrotizing enterocolitis and packed red blood cell transfusions in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Crabtree C.S. , Pakvasa M. , Radmacher P.G. , Adamkin D.H. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to explore the relationship between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates (<1500 g). STUDY DESIGN: A six-year retrospective chart review of VLBW infants with NEC (Bell’s Stage > II) and a pRBC transfusion within 48 hours of diagnosis. Prenatal data, postnatal course, transfusion history, and NEC outcomes were reviewed. The transfusion associated necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC) cases were matched with controls (1:2) who were transfused but did not develop NEC as to proximity of birth date, gestational age, and receipt of transfusion. RESULTS: Of 1139 VLBW admissions, there were 73 cases of NEC and 30 cases of TANEC (annual NEC rate 6.4%). TANEC cases were matched with 60 controls who were transfused but never developed NEC. Neonatal profiles were similar between all 3 groups, except for a higher proportion of infants <10th percentile in the non-TANEC group. Days of antibiotics and frequency of patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation were lower in controls compared to NEC cases. Lower feeding rate at diagnosis of NEC/match were more common in control infants compared to TANEC infants. However, feeding abstinence rates were similar between the two groups. The number of transfusions prior to diagnosis/match was similar in all groups. There was no significant difference in pre-transfusion hematocrit values between the groups. CONCLUSION: TANEC was common among NEC cases. PDA ligation was similar among TANEC and non-TANEC but lower in controls. Similar pre-transfusion hematocrits were found among TANEC and controls. Feeding abstinence rates were also similar between TANEC and controls.
Neonatal cholelithiasis in Down syndrome: Is hypothyroidism involved? A case-report
Authors: Ricci F. , Stagi S. , Messa F. , de Martino M. 
Published: August 2018

We report a 3-month-old male with Down syndrome (DS), prolonged jaundice and poor weight gain, that showed biliary lithiasis and undiagnosed congenital hypothyroidism (CH). CH should be considered in DS, especially in presence of gastrointestinal symptoms or malformations. Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of gallstones in hypothyroid children with DS, even in neonatal age.
Evaluation of vancomycin target trough attainment with published dosing regimens in the neonatal intensive care unit population
Authors: Chung E. , Lee S.E. , Abraham T. , Saad N.N. , Gad A. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Study aims to evaluate whether vancomycin dosing from published dosing algorithms correlate with the attainment of target troughs of 10 to 20 mg/L. METHODS: NICU patients who received minimum three doses of vancomycin and had a trough level met inclusion criteria. Dosing information was retrospectively evaluated to determine which published dosing regimen was followed. Dosing algorithms used were matched to NeoFax/Harriet Lane, renal-function directed dosing, and weight-directed dosing, in which the latter two can be found in Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs. Primary outcome was percentage of troughs within therapeutic (10 to 20 mg/L) and subtherapeutic (less than 10 mg/L) levels. RESULTS: Of 97 troughs evaluated, NeoFax/Harriet Lane accounted for 86.6%, renal-function directed accounted for 5.1%, and weight-directed dosing accounted for 18.5% of dosing algorithms. NeoFax/Harriet Lane, renal-function directed, and weight-directed dosing attained therapeutic levels between 10 to 20 mg/L at a rate of 60.7%, 60%, and 50% of the time, respectively. With respect to initiation of therapy, a higher dose of 15 mg/kg versus 10 mg/kg attained therapeutic levels ( p < 0.001; OR 11.22; 95% CI, 3.96 to 31.81), while a serum creatinine value below 0.5 mg/dL attained subtherapeutic levels ( p = 0.028; OR 0.068; 95% CI, 0.006 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: NeoFax, Harriet Lane, and renal-directed dosing from Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs achieved target troughs within the 10 to 20 mg/L range more often than weight-directed dosing from Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs. Initiating therapy at a higher dose and patient serum creatinine value above 0.5 mg/dL were factors significantly associated with a 10 to 20 mg/L range.
Natural drugs, not so natural effects: Neonatal abstinence syndrome secondary to ‘kratom’
Authors: Davidson L. , Rawat M. , Stojanovski S. , Chandrasekharan P. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, is obtained from the coffee plant family ‘Rubiaceae.’ Kratom is available in the form of capsules, whole, processed and powdered leaves, and as liquids. Secondary to its ‘natural herb’ status and opioid effects, it is misconceived to be a safe alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. The use of kratom has increased by tenfold in the United States since 2010. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report a term neonate who was born to a chronic kratom user and required treatment with opiates for neonatal drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of these herbal supplements and its potential withdrawal effects in newborn which cannot be picked up by the standard toxicology screen.
ANALISA PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN LQ 45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Lumowa David 
Published: August 2018

This research aims to test the effects of profitability on share prices of companies listed in the LQ 45 index in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Profitability is measured using the return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS) ratios. Using purposive sampling on companies listed in the LQ 45 index in 2011- 2014 yielded data samples from 11 companies. Running a simple linear regression and and a multiple regression on the variables results in showing that simultaniuosly ROE, EPS does significantly effects share prices. When tested partially ROE and EPS also proves to have significant effects on Share Price.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP BAGI HASIL, RISIKO DAN PENANGANAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH (STUDI KASUS:BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KC MANADO)
Authors: Soetopo Kartika , Saerang David P.E. , Mawikere Lidia 
Published: August 2018

The banking system in Indonesia is conducted by the dual banking system where the system is divided into conventional and Islamic. Presence of Islamic banks has provided investment alternatives without worrying about the risk the development of remuneration with an uncertain interest method. But on this implementation, Islamic banking requires special treatment different from conventional banks, especially in terms of handling the risks and challenges faced by Islamic banks. The problem is how to implement the profit sharing of principal and risks and how the handling Non Performing Finance of the implementation the profit sharing. To answer the problems of research using qualitative methods by analyzing primary and secondary data so as to produce the results of interviews. The result of this study show that in musyarakah principle not much different from the mudharabah, that both a system of partnership between the two sides or more to administer a particular business with profit sharing corresponding portion (ratio) were agreed at the beginning of the agreement. On this Implementation Mudharabah and Musyarakah have a some differences. While the risk in financing the Musyarakah and mudharabah, especially on this the financing application, high relatively, among other side streaming, negligence and misconduct willful, concealment of profits by customers when customers are not honest. The amount of financing risk is shown in the ratio of non-performing finance (NPF). The high of NPF indicates the large number of borrowers who can’t repay their finance in accordance with the initial agreement that has been agreed between the bank and the customer, so financing becomes problematic. Funding problems can be caused by the bank itself, the customers or external parties. Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Branch Office Manado has been anticipating the event of a dispute banking, especially in the provision of financing problems. On this theory of completion financing problems, be done with several measures including the rescue action by intensive bill, rescheduling, re-requirements and realignment. Rescue actions made by bank on this condition that the customer is still considered to have good faith to settle the payment. Keywords: Islamic Banking, Profit Sharing, Risk, and Financing Problems
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM AKUNTANSI, PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH DAN PENGAWASAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEMERINTAH KOTA KOTAMOBAGU
Authors: Lintong Diana Nova , Saerang David Paul Elia , Ilat Ventje 
Published: August 2018

Governance implementation of good government in a country is an inevitable requirement. The Government shall apply the rules of good in running the Government, including the rules in the field of financial management. governments need to have an accounting system that not only serves as a means of controlling financial transactions, but the financial accounting system should support the achievement of the performance. Because the assessment Good governance can be seen from the achievement of the Government's own performance, measuring the achievement of performance is critical to assess the accountability of organizations and managers to produce better public services. (Sukmana and Anggasari, 2009). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementation Accounting System, Financial Management and Internal Controls have a significant impact on the Kotamobagu City Local Government Performancent. The object of this research is Kotamobagu City Government. Instruments in this study was a questionnaire with Likert scale 1-5 and processed using SPSS 19. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion of this study are implementation Accounting System, Regional Financial Management and internal controls jointly significant effect on the performance of Local Government with a contribution of 50.5%, whereas only partially Accounting System and Regional Financial Management that significantly influence the Local Government Performance , Suggestions from this study is that the government that Kotamobagu further enhance the system of reward and punishment and the Kotamobagu Government Performance should also be maintained or improved further in terms of internal oversight.Keywords: Systems, accounting, management, monitoring, performance
PENGARUH PENERAPAN ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA TERHADAP KINERJA SKPD PEMERINTAH DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE
Authors: Maindoka Deifi Sari , Wokas Heince 
Published: August 2018

Budget is needed to reveal what it will doin the future. Budgets are usually only focused for a certain period or a period of 1year. With a good budget, can be easily obtained information in decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to havean effective budget allocation to balance the various demands in achieving the desired objectives.The objectives of this research was todetermine the effect of the application of performance-based budgeting to performance work unit in the islands of Sangihe regency government. The research was done by conducting a survey to the Echelon II and Echelon III and data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to 60 respondents.The analytical method used is simple line arregression analysis, and hypothesis testing is used for testing statisticalt-test. With the help of a computer software program SPSS Version 2.0 for windows. Simple line arregression analysis results obtaine dequation Y=5,134+0.748X. coefficient for variable X ( Performance-based budgeting) ) is equal to the positive ( 0.748) , this means that the variable performance-based budgeting or direct positive effecton the variable Y ( Performance on education ) . The contribution of performance-based budgeting to the rise and fall of variation of performance variables on education goverment in Sangihe regency indicated by the coefficient of determination of 57.3% while the remaining 43.7% is explained by other factors not examined in this study include reporting information system finance.