bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hakka genealogical migration analysis enhancement using big data on library services
Authors: Chang Chen Chi 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the data connection, spatial distribution characteristics and trends in genealogical information. First, it implements a spatial-temporal visualization of the Hakka genealogical information system that makes these individual family pedigree charts appear as one seamless genealogy to family and researchers seeking connections and family history all over the world. Second, this study applies migration analysis by applying big data technologies to Hakka genealogies to investigate the migration patterns of the Hakka ethnic group in Taiwan between 1954 and 2014. This innovative library service enhances the Hakka genealogical migration analysis using big data.

Design/methodology/approach
The platform is designed for the exchange of genealogical data to be used in big data analysis. This study integrates big data and geographic information systems (GIS) to map the population distribution themes. The general procedure included collecting genealogical big data, geographic encoding, gathering the map information, GIS layer integration and migration map production.

Findings
The analytical results demonstrate that big data technology is highly appropriate for family migration history analysis, given the increasing volume, velocity and variety of genealogical data. The spatial-temporal visualization of the genealogical research platform can follow family history and migration paths, and dynamically generate roadmaps to simplify the cartographic steps.

Practical implications
Technology that combines big data and GIS is suitable for performing migration analysis based on genealogy. A web-based application for spatial-temporal genealogical information also demonstrates the contribution of innovative library services.

Social implications
Big data play a dominant role in library services, and in turn, provide an active library service. These findings indicate that big data technology can provide a suitable tool for improving library services.

Originality/value
Online genealogy and family trees are linked with large-volume, growing data sets that are complex and have multiple, autonomous sources. The migration analysis using big data has the potential to help genealogy researchers to construct minority ethnic history.
Coverage bias in business news: evidence and methodological implications
Authors: Nokelainen Tomi , Kanniainen Juho 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether the assumption of bias-free journalism is violated. If there is systematic news coverage bias inherent in business journalism, certain kinds of companies will have a systematically higher or lower visibility in business news. Such differential corporate visibility may undermine the validity of research that is based solely on business news as a data source.Design/methodology/approachA set of hypotheses is developed and statistically tested, concerning the corporate characteristics associated with business media coverage. Coverage of the 100 largest Finnish companies is examined within the three foremost Finnish business publications. Methodologically, uncorrelated principal components in regression analyses are used.FindingsThe main finding is that that financially low-performing companies and growing companies receive less coverage than well-performing or shrinking companies, indicating a possible bias in journalistic sourcing, attention or selection. Consequently, such companies may be relatively under-represented in data sets derived solely from business news sources.Research limitations/implicationsSignificantly greater in-depth understanding of the phenomenon could be obtained through studying the biases at play in day-to-day journalistic practices within editorial offices and news desks, which is beyond the present study. The study cautions against single sourcing strategies reliant on business news alone, and it strongly recommends that future studies complement business news data with other, non-news sources.Practical implicationsOrganizational metrics such as financial performance appear to influence corporate visibility in business news, which may therefore skew individuals’ and investors’ attitudes to corporations. The existence of coverage bias is methodologically consequential because management research often sources data from business news, especially in event-based studies.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence that media visibility is influenced by company performance and change in company size, which could contribute to bias in business news coverage. This should be taken into account in future studies that use business news data.
The roles of migratory and resident birds in local avian influenza infection dynamics
Authors: Lisovski Simeon , van Dijk Jacintha G. B. , Klinkenberg Don , Nolet Bart A. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Klaassen Marcel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMigratory birds are an increasing focus of interest when it comes to infection dynamics and the spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, we lack detailed understanding of migratory birds’ contribution to localAIVprevalence levels and their downstream socio‐economic costs and threats.To explain the potential differential roles of migratory and resident birds in localAIVinfection dynamics, we used a susceptible‐infectious‐recovered (SIR) model. We investigated five (mutually non‐ exclusive) mechanisms potentially driving observed prevalence patterns: (1) a pronounced birth pulse (e.g. the synchronised annual influx of immunologically naïve individuals), (2) short‐term immunity, (3) increase in susceptible migrants, (4) differential susceptibility to infection (i.e. transmission rate) for migrants and residents, and (5) replacement of migrants during peak migration.SIRmodels describing all possible combinations of the five mechanisms were fitted to individualAIVinfection data from a detailed longitudinal surveillance study in the partially migratory mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). During autumn and winter, the local resident mallard community also held migratory mallards that exhibited distinctAIVinfection dynamics.Replacement of migratory birds during peak migration in autumn was found to be the most important mechanism driving the variation in localAIVinfection patterns. This suggests that a constant influx of migratory birds, likely immunological naïve to locally circulatingAIVstrains, is required to predict the observed temporal prevalence patterns and the distinct differences in prevalence between residents and migrants.Synthesis and applications. Our analysis reveals a key mechanism that could explain the amplifying role of migratory birds in local avian influenza virus infection dynamics; the constant flow and replacement of migratory birds during peak migration. Apart from monitoring efforts, in order to achieve adequate disease management and control in wildlife—with knock‐on effects for livestock and humans,—we conclude that it is crucial, in future surveillance studies, to record host demographical parameters such as population density, timing of birth and turnover of migrants.
Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post‐fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes
Authors: Tepley Alan J. , Thomann Enrique , Veblen Thomas T. , Perry George L. W. , Holz Andrés , Paritsis Juan , Kitzberger Thomas , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In the context of ongoing climatic warming, forest landscapes face increasing risk of conversion to non‐forest vegetation through alteration of their fire regimes and their post‐fire recovery dynamics. However, this pressure could be amplified or dampened, depending on how fire‐driven changes to vegetation feed back to alter the extent or behaviour of subsequent fires.

Here we develop a mathematical model to formalize understanding of how fire–vegetation feedbacks and the time to forest recovery following high‐severity (i.e. stand‐replacing) fire affect the extent and stability of forest cover across landscapes facing altered fire regimes. We evaluate responses to increasing burn rates while varying the direction (negative vs. positive) of fire–vegetation feedbacks under a continuum of values for feedback strength and post‐fire recovery time. In doing so, we determine how interactions among these variables produce thresholds and tipping points in landscape responses to changing fire regimes.

Where the early‐seral vegetation was less fire‐prone than older forests, negative feedbacks limited the reductions in forest cover in response to higher fire frequency or slower forest recovery. By contrast, positive feedbacks (more flammable early‐seral vegetation) produced a tipping point beyond which increases in burn rates or a slowing of forest recovery drove extensive forest loss.

With negative feedbacks, the rates of forest loss and expansion in response to variation in fire frequency were similar. However, where feedbacks were positive, the conversion from predominantly forested to non‐forested conditions in response to increasing fire frequency was faster than the re‐expansion of forest cover following a return to the initial burn rate. Strengthening the positive feedbacks increased this asymmetry.

Synthesis. Our analyses elucidate how fire–vegetation feedbacks and post‐fire recovery rates interact to affect the trajectories and rates of landscape response to altered fire regimes. We illustrate the vulnerability of ecosystems with positive fire–vegetation feedbacks to climate change‐driven increases in fire activity, especially where post‐fire recovery is slow. Although negative feedbacks initially provide resistance to forest loss with increasing burn rates, this resistance is eventually overwhelmed with sufficient increases to burn rates relative to recovery times.
‘You must know what you mean when you say that’: the morality of knowledge claims about ADHD in radio phone‐ins
Authors: Versteeg Wytske , te Molder Hedwig 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDrawing on a corpus of radio phone‐ins, we present a discursive psychological analysis of how mothers carefully tailor their knowledge claims regarding their children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Mothers typically claim knowledge about their children's good intentions, but not about the ‘ADHD‐ness’ of their conduct. Whereas the former is seen as appropriate knowledge for a concerned parent, the latter is treated as a matter of expert knowledge. We show that as soon as problematic behaviour is treated as observable from the outside and describable by mothers and other lay persons, it becomes vulnerable to being formulated as ‘normal disobedience’, rather than symptomatic of a professionally administered, doctorable condition. We argue that it is important to be aware of the moralities hidden in knowledge claims, as they help sustain an unproductive perspective in which either the child's brain or his mother is blamed for behaviour perceived as problematic.
Selective late sodium current inhibitor GS‐458967 suppresses Torsades de Pointes by mostly affecting perpetuation but not initiation of the arrhythmia
Authors: Bossu Alexandre , Houtman Marien J C , Meijborg Veronique M F , Varkevisser Rosanne , Beekman Henriette D M , Dunnink Albert , de Bakker Jacques M T , Mollova Nevena , Rajamani Sridharan , Belardinelli Luiz , van der Heyden Marcel A G , Vos Marc A 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeEnhanced late sodium current (late INa) in heart failure and long QT syndrome type 3 is proarrhythmic. This study investigated the antiarrhythmic effect and mode of action of the selective and potent late INa inhibitor GS‐458967 (GS967) against Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias (TdP) in the chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog.Experimental ApproachElectrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of GS967 were evaluated in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes and CAVB dogs with dofetilide‐induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and TdP, respectively. Mapping of intramural cardiac electrical activity in vivo was conducted to study effects of GS967 on spatial dispersion of repolarization.Key ResultsGS967 (IC50~200nM) significantly shortened repolarization in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes and sinus rhythm (SR) dogs, in a concentration and dose‐dependent manner. In vitro, despite addition of 1μM GS967, dofetilide‐induced EADs remained present in 42% and 35% of cardiomyocytes from SR and CAVB dogs, respectively. Nonetheless, GS967 (787±265nM) completely abolished dofetilide‐induced TdP in CAVB dogs (10/14 after dofetilide to 0/14 dogs after GS967), while single ectopic beats (sEB) persisted in 9 animals. In vivo mapping experiments showed that GS967 significantly reduced spatial dispersion of repolarization: cubic dispersion was significantly decreased from 237±54ms after dofetilide to 123±34ms after GS967.Conclusion and ImplicationsGS967 terminated all dofetilide‐induced TdP without completely suppressing EADs and sEB in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The antiarrhythmic mode of action of GS967, through the reduction of spatial dispersion of repolarization, seems to predominantly impede the perpetuation of arrhythmic events into TdP rather than their initiating trigger.
Prognostic value of tumour regression grade in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong J. C. , Guerra G. R. , Warrier S. K. , Lynch A. Craig , Michael M. , Ngan S. Y. , Phillips W. , Ramsay G. , Heriot A. G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe current standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision. There is a spectrum of response to neoadjuvant therapy; however, the prognostic value of tumour regression grade (TRG) in predicting disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) is inconsistent in the literature.MethodThis study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were Stage II and III locally advanced rectal cancer treated with long‐course CRT followed by radical surgery. The aim of the meta‐analysis was to assess the prognostic implication of each TRG for rectal cancer following neoadjuvant CRT. Long‐term prognosis was assessed. The main outcome measures were DFS and OS. A random effects model was performed to pool the hazard ratio (HR) from all included studies.ResultsThere were 4875 patients from 17 studies, with 775 (15.9%) attaining a pathological complete response (pCR) and 719 (29.9%) with no response. A significant association with OS was identified from a pooled‐estimated HR for pCR (HR = 0.47, P = 0.002) and nonresponding tumours (HR = 2.97; P < 0.001). Previously known tumour characteristics, such as ypN, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion, were also significantly associated with DFS and OS, with estimated pooled HRs of 2.2, 1.4 and 2.3, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, the degree of TRG was of prognostic value in predicting long‐term outcomes. The current challenge is the development of a high‐validity tests to predict pCR.
Availability of alcohol: Location, time and ease of purchase in high‐ and middle‐income countries: Data from the International Alcohol Control Study
Authors: Gray‐Phillip Gaile , Huckle Taisia , Callinan Sarah , Parry Charles D. H. , Chaiyasong Surasak , Cuong Pham Viet , Mackintosh Anne‐Marie , Meier Petra , Kazantseva Elena , Piazza Marina , Parker Karl , Casswell Sally 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCross‐country studies on alcohol purchasing and access are rare. We examined where and when people access alcohol to understand patterns of availability across a range of middle‐ and high‐income countries.Design and MethodsSurveys of drinkers in the International Alcohol Control study in high‐income countries (Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand and St Kitts and Nevis) and middle‐income countries (Mongolia, South Africa, Peru, Thailand and Vietnam) were analysed. Measures were: location of purchase from on‐premise and take‐away outlets, proportion of alcohol consumed on‐premise versus take‐away outlets, hours of purchase, access among underage drinkers and time to access alcohol.ResultsOn‐premise purchasing was prevalent in the high‐income countries. However, the vast majority of alcohol consumed in all countries, except St Kitts and Nevis (high‐income), was take‐away. Percentages of drinkers purchasing from different types of on‐premise and take‐away outlets varied between countries. Late purchasing was common in Peru and less common in Thailand and Vietnam. Alcohol was easily accessed by drinkers in all countries, including underage drinkers in the middle‐income countries.Discussion and ConclusionsIn nine out of 10 countries the vast majority of alcohol consumed was take‐away. Alcohol was readily available and relatively easy for underage drinkers to access, particularly in the middle‐income countries. Research is needed to assess the harms associated with take‐away consumption including late at night. Attention is needed to address the easy access by underage drinkers in the middle‐income countries which has been less of a focus than in high‐income countries.
Haemoglobin A1c variability is a strong, independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Orsi Emanuela , Solini Anna , Bonora Enzo , Fondelli Cecilia , Trevisan Roberto , Vedovato Monica , Cavalot Franco , Gruden Gabriella , Morano Susanna , Nicolucci Antonio , Penno Giuseppe , Pugliese Giuseppe ,   for the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group
Published: March 2018

AimsTo evaluate various measures of haemoglobin (Hb) A1c variability, compared with average HbA1c, as independent predictors of mortality.Materials and MethodsThe Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian multicentre study enroled 15 733 patients with type 2 diabetes from 19 diabetes clinics during 2006‐2008. A total of 3 to 5 HbA1c measures, obtained during the 2‐year period before enrolment, were available from 9 centres (8290 patients) and were used to calculate average HbA1c (HbA1c ‐MEAN) and HbA1c variability, measured as intra‐individual standard deviation (HbA1c‐SD), SD adjusted for the number of HbA1c assessments (HbA1c‐AdjSD) and coefficient of variation (HbA1c‐CV), that is, the HbA1c‐SD to HbA1c‐MEAN ratio. Vital status on October 31, 2015 was retrieved for 8252 patients (99.5%).ResultsThe measures of HbA1c variability increased according to quartiles of HbA1c‐MEAN and vice versa. HbA1c‐MEAN and measures of HbA1c variability were associated with all‐cause mortality; however, the strength of association of HbA1c‐MEAN was lower than that of HbA1c ‐SD, HbA1c‐CV or HbA1c‐AdjSD, and disappeared after adjusting for confounders and any of the measures of HbA1c variability. Mortality increased with quartiles of HbA1c‐MEAN, HbA1c ‐SD, HbA1c‐CV and HbA1c‐AdjSD, but only the association with HbA1c variability measures remained after adjustment for confounders and/or each other measure. In the fully adjusted model, mortality risk was lower for HbA1c‐SD below the median and higher for HbA1c‐SD above the median, regardless of whether HbA1c‐MEAN was below or above the median.ConclusionsHbA1c variability is a strong, independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and appears to be even more powerful than average HbA1c in predicting mortality.
Description, evaluation and scale‐up potential of a model for rapid access to early intervention for psychosis
Authors: MacDonald Kathleen , Malla Ashok , Joober Ridha , Shah Jai L. , Goldberg Karen , Abadi Sherezad , Doyle Madeline , Iyer Srividya N. 
Published: March 2018

AimThis paper aims to describe the entry protocol of the Prevention and Early Intervention for Psychosis Program (PEPP)‐Montreal, an early intervention program for psychosis. The protocol is designed to fulfil a key objective of the early intervention movement—reducing delays to accessing high‐quality care. The paper also aims to describe how this rapid entry protocol can be deployed in other services interested in reducing delays in initiating treatment.MethodsPEPP provides rapid, easy access to quality care by placing a single, well‐trained professional, the intake clinician, at the point of entry. Anyone can refer a youth directly and without formalities to the intake clinician who responds promptly and sensitively to all help‐seeking, whether by a youth, a family member, a school counsellor or anyone acting on behalf of a youth in need. To promote accessibility, PEPP guarantees an initial assessment within 72 hours; maintains relationships with referral sources; and conducts awareness‐enhancing outreach activities.ResultsSince 2003, PEPP has received 1750 referrals, which have all been responded to within 72 hours. Families have been involved in the intake process in 60% of the cases and hospitalization may have been averted in over half of the referrals originating from emergency‐room services. Another indicator of success is the very low turnover in the intake clinician's position. Overall, the PEPP model has succeeded in providing rapid, engaging, easy and youth‐friendly access to high‐quality care.ConclusionThe success of this protocol at PEPP has inspired the entry protocols at other first‐episode psychosis services. Its ability to provide rapid, engaging access to high‐quality services may allow this protocol to become a model for other early intervention services for psychosis and other mental illnesses.
“The familiar face of a word”:Wittgenstein andBenjamin on the experience of meaning
Authors: Stern Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn what is now calledPhilosophy of Psychology—A Fragment(formerly Part II of thePhilosophical Investigations), Wittgenstein writes that the importance of the concept of aspect‐seeing “lies in the connection between the concepts of seeing an aspect and of experiencing the meaning of a word.” Wittgenstein claims that just as we can imagine someone who does not experience shifts between two aspects in the same image—for example, the duck–rabbit—we can imagine people who use language but do not experience the meaning of a word. In this paper, I explicate the importance of this “meaning‐blindness” and its relation to aspect‐seeing. I then argue—drawing on a similar thought experiment in Walter Benjamin's early philosophy of language—that meaning‐blindness is actually a fatal impediment for language use. The upshot of my analysis is that the aesthetic experience of meaning, regularly marginalized in the philosophy of language, must be understood as fundamental to language and language use.
Spinoza, money, and desire
Authors: Douglas Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the context of Spinoza's psychological and political theory, money appears as a profound social problem. I agree with Frédéric Lordon and André Orléan that Spinoza's psychological theory can explain how multiple agents can converge on a single monetary good as a means of payment. I disagree, however, with their further claim that this convergence brings an end to rivalrous conflict among those agents. Instead, I argue, it intensifies and concentrates this rivalry, threatening the very bonds that hold society together. Yet money is, on Spinoza's account, necessary for commerce, and commerce is necessary for humans to live together. The social problem that thus arises is that of ensuring that money can play its vital role in supporting commerce without giving way to destructive rivalries that can destroy society. My interpretation of Spinoza on these points is influenced by the theory of René Girard, with which Spinoza's account has some striking parallels.