bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low intake of digestible carbohydrates ameliorates duodenal absorption of carbohydrates in mice with glucose metabolism disorders induced by artificial sweeteners
Authors: Shi Qing , Cai Lei , Jia Hongzhe , Zhu Xuemei , Chen Lei , Deng Shaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term artificial sweetener consumption has been reported to induce glucose intolerance, and the intestinal microbiota seems as an important target. While the impacts of artificial sweeteners on energy balance remain controversial, this work aimed to evaluate the protective effects in mice of a low digestible carbohydrate (LDC) diet on plasma glucose, plasma fasting insulin, sweet taste receptors, glucose transporters, and absorption of carbohydrates, together with consumption of acesulfame potassium (AK) or saccharin (SAC).ResultsArtificial sweetener was administered to mice for 12 weeks to induce glucose metabolism disorders; mice were treated with an LDC diet for the final 6 weeks. The experimental groups were treated with an LDC diet that had the same energy as the normal‐diet group. Prolonged administration of artificial sweeteners led to metabolic dysfunction, characterized by significantly increased plasma glucose, insulin resistance, sweet taste receptors, glucose transporters, and absorption of carbohydrates. Treatment with an LDC diet positively modulated these altered parameters, suggesting overall beneficial effects of an LDC diet on detrimental changes associated with artificial sweeteners.ConclusionsReducing digestible carbohydrates in the diet can significantly reduce the absorption of carbohydrates and improve glucose metabolism disorders caused by dietary factors. These effects may be due to the fact that reducing the amount of digestible carbohydrates in the feed can reduce the number of intestinal sweet receptors induced by exposure to artificial sweeteners. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of sodium alginate‐based coating pretreatment on drying characteristics and quality of heat pump dried scallop adductors
Authors: Shi Qilong , Tian Yuan , Zhu Lanlan , Zhao Ya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrying efficiency and quality maintenance are the major concerns of both manufactures and consumers. Heat pump drying (HPD) is suitable for heat sensitive foodstuffs due to its ability to independently control the drying operation parameters. However, lower drying rate and energy efficiency in the later period of HPD are the bottlenecks that restrain its application. A novel approach using hydrocolloids as pretreatment coatings prior to drying was designed to solve these problems. The effects of sodium alginate (SA) coating, drying temperatures and air velocities on the drying characteristics and quality attributes of scallop adductors were evaluated.ResultsDrying took place in the falling rate period. Drying time decreased with increasing temperature, air velocity and SA coating. The Two Term model and the Wang and Singh model gained the best fit for thin‐layer drying of scallop adductors and SA film, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity increased with temperature, velocity and SA coating and were in the range 7.352–14.620 × 10−11, 9.890–17.100 × 10−11 and 2.348–4.604 × 10−10 m2 s−1 for uncoated scallop adductors, SA coated scallop adductors and SA films, respectively. The activation energies for SA films, coated and uncoated scallop adductors were 17.07, 20.78 and 26.17 kJ mol−1, respectively. Dried scallop adductors with SA coating pretreatment exhibited a significant lower value of shrinkage rate and hardness, and higher value of toughness than uncoated ones at 30 °C and 2.0 m s−1 (P < 0.05).ConclusionHydrocolloid coating is a promising pretreatment in improving HPD efficiency and enhancing quality attributes of dried scallop adductors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in four typical Italian cheeses: correlations with processing and nutritional characteristics through a chemometric approach
Authors: Rivoira Luca , Castiglioni Michele , Bruzzoniti Maria Concetta 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe presence of biogenic amines (BAs) fermented food is well known. They may affect food quality, posing health risks.In this work, four typical Italian cheeses, exported worldwide, were analyzed to determine the possible presence of BAs. The cheese samples were analyzed untreated and having been subjected to common or incorrect consumer handling (domestic grating, unrefrigerated storage).RESULTSA chromatographic‐amperometric method was developed and validated. Extraction of BAs was performed by the addition of eluent, determining matrix effect and recovery of biogenic amines directly within the cheeses.Biogenic amines were present in the range of 0.019–0.044 g kg−1, well below the current EU limit. Home‐manipulation confirmed recontamination of the cheese. The contents of BAs were correlated with the main processing parameters and with the nutritional properties of the four cheeses through the multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis). This is believed to be the first study that presents these correlations.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights correlations among BAs and carbohydrates, and anticorrelations with pH and, to a lesser extent, with moisture. Interestingly, BAs are correlated with fat content. This correlation was confirmed by a new principal component analysis performed on our data set with additional data from the literature. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Microlense liquid crystal devices on the base of cylindrical objects
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Suarez Douglas R. , Margaryan Hakob , Hakobyan Nune , Smirnov Alexander G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) director and refractive index distribution in a cylindrical object (eg, micropore) with different LC boundary conditions have been simulated. Splay and bend configurations were simulated in the LC pores with Franck elastic coefficients K33/K11 ratio from 0.5 to 3. For different LC orientation configurations, parabolic profiles of radial dependence of the refractive index are obtained with focus distance up to 80 mm that makes it possible for application in different LC devices.
Preoperative risk evaluation for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Ellis Ryan J. , Brock Hewitt D. , Liu Jason B. , Cohen Mark E. , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Yang Anthony D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic fistula remains common, with limited ability to risk stratify patients preoperatively. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for clinically‐relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) that are routinely available in the preoperative setting.MethodsPreoperatively available variables for all pancreaticoduodenectomies from 2014‐2017 were examined using a national clinical registry. The cohort was separated into risk factor identification and internal validation subgroups.ResultsAmong 15 033 pancreaticoduodenectomies, the CR‐POPF rate was 16.7%. CR‐POPF was more likely in patients that were male (odds ratio [OR], 1.51), obese (body mass index [BMI] > 30, OR, 1.97), had minimal preoperative weight loss (OR, 1.25), had a nondilated pancreatic duct (OR, 1.81), did not have diabetes, (OR, 1.80), did not receive neoadjuvant therapy (OR, 1.78), had no evidence of biliary obstruction (OR, 1.18), or had nonadenocarcinoma pathology (OR, 1.96; all P < 0.01). Patients with three or fewer risk factors had a CR‐POPF rate of 7.1%, while those with six or more risk factors had a CR‐POPF rate of 26.3% (P < 0.001).ConclusionPreoperative CR‐POPF risk evaluation could be a useful tool in patient counseling and surgical planning, and risk may allow for more well‐informed decisions regarding perioperative management, including enhanced recovery protocols and use of somatostatin analogs.
Separation and purification of lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, and cholesterol from lanolin by high‐performance counter‐current chromatography dual‐mode elution method
Authors: Pei Hairun , Ma Xiaotong , Pan Yan , Han Tian , Lu Zhifang , Wu Ruijuan , Cao Xueli , Zheng Jimin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLanosterol is a potential drug for cataracts treatment, which can reverse the aggregation of intracrystalline proteins. The low concentration in lanolin calls for high‐performance separation methods. In this study, a counter‐current chromatography dual‐mode elution method was developed for the first time to separate and purify lanosterol from hexane extract of lanolin after saponification, in which the column was first eluted with the lower phase as mobile phase in head‐to‐tail mode, followed by the upper phase in the tail‐to‐head mode. High purity of lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, and cholesterol can be obtained simultaneously. A solvent system composed of n‐heptane/acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (5:5:1, v/v/v) was selected and optimized via partition coefficient determination. Compounds such as 111 mg lanosterol, 84 mg dihydrolanosterol, and 183 mg cholesterol with high purity of 99.77, 95.71, and 91.43%, respectively, analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography were obtained within 80 min from 700 mg crude extract from 1.78 g lanolin. The method was also used to improve the purity of commercial lanosterol product from 66.97 to above 99%. Counter‐current chromatography could serve as a potential and powerful technique for commercial production of highly pure lanosterol.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of moose calves in Northeastern Minnesota
Authors: Severud William J. , Obermoller Tyler R. , Delgiudice Glenn D. , Fieberg John R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTUngulate reproductive success (calf production and survival) influences population performance. The moose (Alces alces) population in northeastern Minnesota, USA, has declined 65% from 2006 to 2018 but has begun to stabilize. Because causes of this decline were largely unknown, we investigated production, survival, and cause‐specific mortality of calves of the global positioning system (GPS)‐collared females in this population. In 2013 and 2014, we GPS‐collared 74 neonates and monitored them for survival. In 2015 and 2016, we monitored 50 and 35 calving females for signs of neonatal mortality using changes in adult female velocities and assessed seasonal calf survival by aerial surveys. In 2013 and 2014 (pooled), survival to 9 months was 0.34 (95% CI = 0.23–0.52) for collared calves, and in 2015 and 2016 (pooled) survival was 0.35 (95% CI = 0.26–0.48) for uncollared calves. Mortality in all 4 years was high during the first 50 days of life. In 2013 and 2014 (pooled), calving sites were relatively safe for collared neonates; predator‐kills occurred a median 17.0 days after departure and a median 1,142 m from calving sites. Predation was the leading cause of death of collared calves (84% of mortalities), with wolves (Canis lupus) accounting for 77% of these. Other forms of mortality for collared and uncollared calves included drowning, infection, vehicle collision, and natural abandonment. We documented higher wolf predation than other recent studies with similar predator communities. Identifying specific causes of calf mortality and understanding their relations to various landscape characteristics and other extrinsic factors should yield insight into mechanisms contributing to the declining moose population in northeastern Minnesota and serve as a basis for ecologically sound management responses. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Kinetics of oxidation of iron(II) ions with lipid hydroperoxides
Authors: Mihaljević Branka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the pathways for excessive production of free radicals is the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides catalyzed by iron. A number of hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acids (LOOH), some prepared in our laboratory and others extracted from biological materials, were used to determine the rate constants of Fe2+ oxidation by measuring the formation rate of Fe3+ ions in the presence of simple unidentate ligands, chloride, and thiocyanate as the [FeCl]2+ and [FeNCS]2+ complexes, in a deoxygenated dichloromethane:methanol (2:1, v/v) mixture. The rates of Fe2+ oxidation with prepared LOOHs via the [FeNCS]2+ complex were approximately the same‐the average second‐order reaction rate constant was 1390 ± 340 dm3 mol−1 s−1; the rate constants of LOOHs from different biological materials were in the same range. The rates measured as the [FeNCS]2+ complex were somewhat higher than the rates measured as the [FeCl]2+ complex, indicating that ligands could interact in the transition state, thus affecting the disruption of the intermediate complex. Since there were no significant differences in the activation thermodynamic parameters for reactions within the reaction series of studied hydroperoxides, it was assumed that the oxidation proceeded by an inner sphere mechanism, considering that the breakdown of the successor inner sphere complex with the homolytic cleavage of peroxide bonds of hydroperoxides forming reactive alkoxyl radicals was the rate‐limiting step. Based on this research, an indirect spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of LOOH was reestimated. The microprocedure proposed for the lipid hydroperoxide assay could be applied to follow the early stages of lipid peroxidation processes in real biological samples.
Kinetics and mechanism of trichloroisocyanuric acid/NaNO2‐triggered nitration of aromatic compounds under acid‐free and Vilsmeier‐Haack conditions
Authors: Bhooshan M. , Rajanna K. C. , Govardhan D. , Venkanna P. , Satish Kumar M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKinetics and mechanism of nitration of aromatic compounds using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA)/NaNO2, TCCA‐N,N‐dimethyl formamide (TCCA‐DMF)/NaNO2, and TCCA‐N,N‐dimethyl acetamide (TCCA‐DMA)/NaNO2 under acid‐free and Vilsmeier‐Haack conditions. Reactions followed second‐order kinetics with a first‐order dependence on [Phenol] and [Nitrating agent] ([TCCA], [(TCCA‐DMF)], or [(TCCA‐DMA)] >> [NaNO2]). Reaction rates accelerated with the introduction of electron‐donating groups and retarded with electron‐withdrawing groups, but did not fit well into the Hammett's theory of linear free energy relationship or its modified forms like Brown‐Okamoto or Yukawa‐Tsuno equations. Rate data were analyzed by Charton's multiple linear regression analysis. Isokinetic temperature (β) values, obtained from Exner's theory for different protocols, are 403.7 K (TCCA‐NaNO2), 365.8 K (TCCA‐DMF)/NaNO2, and 358 K (TCCA‐DMA)/NaNO2. These values are far above the experimental temperature range (303‐323 K), indicating that the enthalpy factors are probably more important in controlling the reaction.
From presumed benign neck masses to delayed recognition of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Davis Ruth J. , Rettig Eleni , Aygun Nafi , Rooper Lisa , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe patients with delayed diagnosis of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OPC) after initial incorrect diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst or nondiagnostic workup of unilateral neck mass.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsPatients with delayed diagnosis of HPV‐OPC after initial nondiagnostic workup for unilateral neck mass were eligible. Medical record abstraction was performed to describe clinical characteristics at initial presentation and later diagnosis of HPV‐OPC. To estimate nodal growth rates, the short axis diameter of the lymph nodes was determined from imaging reports.ResultsSix patients met eligibility criteria. After a median interval of 42 months (range, 3 months–7 years) from initial presentation with unilateral neck mass, patients were diagnosed with HPV‐OPC. At the time of HPV‐OPC diagnosis, five were AJCC eighth edition overall stage I, and one was stage II. Primary tumors were T0 or T1 in the majority (83.3%, n = 5). Among five patients with available serial imaging, despite diagnostic delay, three of five still had a single lymph node without involvement of additional nodes, whereas the remaining two developed additional suspicious nodes (ipsilateral and contralateral). Two of five developed evidence of extranodal extension. Median lymph node growth was 9.5% per year (range, −6% to 32%).ConclusionsAlthough the natural history of HPV‐OPC is not well understood, this case series suggests that it can be slow growing and mimic benign processes, leading to diagnostic delays. Adults presenting with neck masses should undergo complete diagnostic evaluation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:392–397, 2020
The optimal surgical approach for papillary thyroid carcinoma with pathological n1 metastases: An analysis from the SEER database
Authors: Ji Tingting , Chen Jun , Mou Jianing , Ni Xin , Guo Yongli , Zhang Jie , Wang Shengcai , Wang Wei , Zhang Xin , Tai Jun 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe definition of large‐volume pathologic N1 metastases has been changed in the 2017 version 2 of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, leading to a controversy over the optimal surgical approach selection for patients with biopsy‐proven papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of total thyroidectomy (TT) and thyroid lobectomy (TL) for these patients.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based database analysis.MethodsA total of 906 consecutive PTC patients with pathologic N1 metastases (>5 involved nodes with metastases ≤5 mm in the largest dimension) were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, and divided into two groups (≤2 mm, >2–5 mm) based on the size of the extent of disease. Overall survival (OS) was then compared between patients treated with TT and TL, followed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to explore multiple prognostic factors.ResultsOS favored TT compared with TL in patients with more than five involved nodes and metastases >2 to 5 mm in the largest dimension (P < .05). Cox analysis showed that the TL was not an independent factor associated with poorer OS than TT in these patients (P > .05).ConclusionsTT showed better survival than TL for patients with more than five involved nodes and metastases >2 to 5 mm in the largest dimension. For patients with more than five involved nodes and metastases ≤2 mm in the largest dimension, either TT or TL can be recommended because there was no difference in survival.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:269–273, 2020
The changing landscape of vestibular schwannoma diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abouzari Mehdi , Moshtaghi Omid , Sahyouni Ronald , Sajjadi Autefeh , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the current state of the diagnosis and management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) as well as treatment trends, and to evaluate the role of treatment setting and various specialists in treatment plan.MethodsPatients diagnosed with VS completed a voluntary and anonymous survey. The questionnaires were distributed through Acoustic Neuroma Association website, Facebook page, and e‐mail newsletters from January to March 2017.ResultsIn total, 789 VS patients completed the survey. Of those, 414 (52%) underwent surgery; 224 (28%) underwent radiotherapy; and 121 (15%) were observed. General otolaryngologists diagnosed 62% of responders, followed by primary care (11%) and neurotologists (10%). Patients who underwent surgery were significantly younger and had larger tumors compared to those treated with radiation or observation. The ratio of patients having nonsurgical versus surgical resection changed from 1:2 to 1:1 for the periods of 1979 through 2006 versus 2007 through 2017, respectively. Neurosurgeons (40%) and neurotologists (38%) were the most influential in treatment discussion. Neurotologists (P < 0.001) and general otolaryngologists (P = 0.04) were more influential than neurosurgeons for the decision process in patients with smaller tumors. Patients treated at academic versus nonacademic private institutions reported similar tumor sizes (P = 0.27), treatment decisions (P = 0.09), and decision satisfaction (P = 0.78).ConclusionThere is a continuing trend toward nonsurgical management, with approximately half of the patients opting for nonsurgical management. In this cohort, the patients commonly presented with otologic symptoms and otolaryngologists made the most diagnoses. Neurotologists and neurosurgeons were the most influential in treatment discussion.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:482–486, 2020
Long‐term results of sleep‐related quality‐of‐life and behavioral problems after adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Song In Sik , Hong Seung‐No , Joo Jae Woo , Han Mun Soo , Hwang Sun Jin , Seo Min Young , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesImprovements in sleep‐related quality of life (QOL) and behavioral problems have been observed in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during a short‐term follow‐up after adenotonsillectomy. Whether this trend continues beyond the short term remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the long‐term effects of surgery in children with OSA.MethodsThe study participants comprised 20 children with OSA who underwent adenotonsillectomy. We used the scores from the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD‐RS) and total scores from the Korean OSA‐18 Survey (KOSA‐18) before and after adenotonsillectomy to compare and analyze behavioral problems and OSA‐specific health‐related QOL, respectively, during a long‐term follow‐up. Respiratory disturbance parameters from standard polysomnography and subjective symptom scores for snoring and apnea were also investigated.ResultsThe mean patient age was 6.6 ± 3.4 years (range, 3–13), and the male‐to‐female ratio was 15:5. The mean follow‐up period was 54.5 months (range, 27–98). The total scores for both ADHD‐RS (from 17.6 to 10.5; P = 0.006) and KOSA‐18 (from 74.3 to 40.7; P = 0.001) decreased significantly from before to after surgery. Significant decreases were also observed in the subjective symptom scores for snoring (from 5.4 to 2.4; P = 0.000) and apnea (from 3.3 to 0.8; P = 0.002).ConclusionSignificant improvement was observed in sleep‐related QOL and behavioral problems in children with OSA during long‐term follow‐up after adenotonsillectomy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:546–550, 2020
Smoking cessation improves olfactory functions
Authors: Dinc Ayse Secil , Sengezer Tijen , Cayonu Melih , Sahin M. Melih 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in olfactory function after smoking cessation.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 28 volunteers who were admitted to the smoking cessation section of our hospital. Olfactory tests were performed immediately before smoking cessation and 45 days after smoking cessation. The duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day were noted.ResultsThe mean duration of smoking was 25.5 ± 12 years, and the participants smoked 21.6 ± 6.6 cigarettes per day. There was a significant improvement in odor discrimination, odor identification, and TDI scores (i.e., the total score of odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification tests) 45 days after smoking cessation (P = .003, P = .002, and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the duration of cigarette smoking and the Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory tests performed after smoking cessation, namely odor discrimination, odor identification, and TDI (P = .008, P = .002, P = .001, respectively).ConclusionA significant improvement was observed in odor discrimination, odor identification, and TDI scores after smoking cessation. However, this improvement was inversely associated with the duration of smoking, indicating that a longer duration of smoking may result in an insufficient improvement after smoking cessation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E35–E38, 2020