bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cosmic-Ray Transport on Galactic Winds
Authors: Farber R. , Ruszkowski M. , Yang H.-Y. K. , Zweibel E. G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The role of cosmic rays generated by supernovae and young stars has very recently begun to receive significant attention in studies of galaxy formation and evolution due to the realization that cosmic rays can efficiently accelerate galactic winds. Microscopic cosmic-ray transport processes are fundamental for determining the efficiency of cosmic-ray wind driving. Previous studies modeled cosmic-ray transport either via a constant diffusion coefficient or via streaming proportional to the Alfvén speed. However, in predominantly cold, neutral gas, cosmic rays can propagate faster than in the ionized medium, and the effective transport can be substantially larger; i.e., cosmic rays can decouple from the gas. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of patches of galactic disks including the effects of cosmic rays. Our simulations include the decoupling of cosmic rays in the cold, neutral interstellar medium. We find that, compared to the ordinary diffusive cosmic-ray transport case, accounting for the decoupling leads to significantly different wind properties, such as the gas density and temperature, significantly broader spatial distribution of cosmic rays, and higher wind speed. These results have implications for X-ray, γ-ray, and radio emission, and for the magnetization and pollution of the circumgalactic medium by cosmic rays.
Large-scale Environment of a z = 6.61 Luminous Quasar Probed by Lyα Emitters and Lyman Break Galaxies∗
Authors: Ota Kazuaki , Venemans Bram P. , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Kashikawa Nobunari , Nakata Fumiaki , Harikane Yuichi , Bañados Eduardo , Overzier Roderik , Riechers Dominik A. , Walter Fabian , Toshikawa Jun , Shibuya Takatoshi , Jiang Linhua 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Quasars (QSOs) hosting supermassive black holes are believed to reside in massive halos harboring galaxy overdensities. However, many observations revealed average or low galaxy densities around z ≳ 6 QSOs. This could be partly because they measured galaxy densities in only tens of arcmin2 around QSOs and might have overlooked potential larger-scale galaxy overdensities. Some previous studies also observed only Lyman break galaxies (LBGs; massive older galaxies) and missed low-mass young galaxies, like Lyα emitters (LAEs), around QSOs. Here we present observations of LAE and LBG candidates in ∼700 arcmin2 around a z = 6.61 luminous QSO using the Subaru Telescope Suprime-Cam with narrowband/broadband. We compare their sky distributions, number densities, and angular correlation functions with those of LAEs/LBGs detected in the same manner and comparable data quality in our control blank field. In the QSO field, LAEs and LBGs are clustering in 4–20 comoving Mpc angular scales, but LAEs show mostly underdensity over the field while LBGs are forming 30 × 60 comoving Mpc2 large-scale structure containing 3σ–7σ high-density clumps. The highest-density clump includes a bright (23.78 mag in the narrowband) extended (≳16 kpc) Lyα blob candidate, indicative of a dense environment. The QSO could be part of the structure but is not located exactly at any of the high-density peaks. Near the QSO, LAEs show underdensity while LBGs average to 4σ excess densities compared to the control field. If these environments reflect halo mass, the QSO may not be in the most massive halo but still in a moderately massive one.
Stability of the Broad-line Region Geometry and Dynamics in Arp 151 Over Seven Years
Authors: Pancoast A. , Barth A. J. , Horne K. , Treu T. , Brewer B. J. , Bennert V. N. , Canalizo G. , Gates E. L. , Li W. , Malkan M. A. , Sand D. , Schmidt T. , Valenti S. , Woo J.-H. , Clubb K. I. , Cooper M. C. , Crawford S. M. , Hönig S. F. , Joner M. D. , Kandrashoff M. T. , Lazarova M. , Nierenberg A. M. , Romero-Colmenero E. , Son D. , Tollerud E. , Walsh J. L. , Winkler H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Seyfert 1 galaxy Arp 151 was monitored as part of three reverberation mapping campaigns spanning 2008–2015. We present modeling of these velocity-resolved reverberation mapping data sets using a geometric and dynamical model for the broad-line region (BLR). By modeling each of the three data sets independently, we infer the evolution of the BLR structure in Arp 151 over a total of 7 yr and constrain the systematic uncertainties in nonvarying parameters such as the black hole mass. We find that the BLR geometry of a thick disk viewed close to face-on is stable over this time, although the size of the BLR grows by a factor of ∼2. The dynamics of the BLR are dominated by inflow, and the inferred black hole mass is consistent for the three data sets, despite the increase in BLR size. Combining the inference for the three data sets yields a black hole mass and statistical uncertainty of log10(

/

) =

with a standard deviation in individual measurements of 0.13 dex.
Écriture collaborative helvético-marocaine
Authors: Bassitoun Sanaa , Rion Valéry 
Published: March 2018

Notre contribution tend à montrer le rôle des outils numériques en ligne dans la formation littéraire et culturelle des élèves. Il s’agit de présenter une expérience d’écriture collaborative menée avec deux groupes de lycéens que tout sépare : les références socioculturelles, l’espace géographique et le parcours scolaire. Un groupe marocain arabophone et un autre suisse germanophone ont échangé leurs points de vue autour d’une œuvre littéraire, L’Œil du loup de Daniel Pennac, pour construire ensemble un commentaire littéraire. L’intérêt de ces échanges interculturels est de mesurer l’impact de l’écriture collaborative entre groupes de références socioculturelles différentes sur l’apprentissage effectif des élèves et leur rapport à la littérature : dans quelle mesure l’écriture collaborative autour d’une œuvre littéraire concourt-elle à l’amélioration de la qualité des textes produits et favorise-t-elle l’ouverture culturelle ?
D'une redéfinition de la littérature mineure
Authors: Klein Rony 
Published: March 2018

L'article propose un retour critique sur la notion de « littérature mineure », forgée par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari en 1975 à propos de Kafka dans Kafka – Pour une littérature mineure . Tout d'abord, il procède à une lecture du texte de 1975 en montrant comment les catégories servant à définir la « littérature mineure » proviennent d'une approche originellement non littéraire, mais philosophique et politique, celle de L'Anti-Œdipe . Ensuite, il inscrit la notion dans le contexte des théories littéraires du xx e siècle, notamment celle Walter Benjamin et de Roland Barthes, en montrant que certaines intuitions des auteurs du Kafka se trouvent déjà en filigrane chez eux, mais ancrées dans une approche plus directement littéraire que philosophique ou politique.
« Madame est sortie. » Parcours féminins dans le roman bruxellois de la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle
Authors: Brogniez Laurence 
Published: March 2018

Si, dans le Bruxelles du xix e siècle, le flâneur arpente librement la cité en quête d’observations et autres plaisirs, la femme qui se hasarde seule sur les trottoirs apparaît comme une créature suspecte, dont les déplacements sont surveillés, contrôlés, voire censurés. La ville est l’un des lieux où s’actualisent de manière très concrète les rôles sociaux de sexe : les pratiques urbaines des femmes, tantôt porteuses d’aliénation, tantôt d’émancipation, ont contribué au fil de l’histoire à conforter ou à bouleverser les normes genrées. Trois romans réalistes belges sont ici étudiés dans cette perspective spatiale : Une Parisienne à Bruxelles de Caroline Gravière (1875), Insurgée de Marguerite Van De Wiele (1890), Keetje de Neel Doff (1919). Ils cherchent à reproduire cette réalité qu’est la place des femmes dans la ville, mais contribuent surtout, par l’élaboration de nouveaux modèles, à la mettre en question et à la faire évoluer.
Le naturel dans la théâtralité baudelairienne
Authors: Tsukiyama Kazuya 
Published: March 2018

Roland Barthes signale le caractère particulier de la théâtralité baudelairienne : elle fuit le théâtre et s’infiltre dans tous les autres domaines. Tout est donc théâtral chez le poète sauf, paradoxalement, ses projets de théâtre avortés. Or sa théâtralité n’a rien à avoir avec la prédominance de l’illusion sur la réalité : elle accorde de la valeur à tout ce qui est vraiment réel et sincère, à savoir « le naturel » au sens théâtral du terme. Elle concerne surtout la relation du sujet avec un monde investi d’une faculté virtuelle, où il doit se comporter d’une façon tout aussi naturelle qu’artificielle. C’est assurément la condition de l’acteur qui incarne une personnalité autre que la sienne, mais aussi celle des personnages que Baudelaire invoque dans ses poèmes en prose ou dans ses Salons , et celle de l’artiste lui-même qui doit être conscient de sa double nature.
User Experience Design of Stroke Patient Communications Using Mobile Finger (MOFI) Communication Board With User Center Design Approach
Authors: Priana Aan Jelli , Tolle Hermann , Aknuranda Ismiarta , Aristijono Eko 
Published: March 2018

<p class="0abstract">Stroke has become a phenomenon in Indonesia. From 2014 to mid-2015, the disease is the first cause of death in Indonesia. This is of particular concern to the Ministry of Health so that the prevention, treatment, and prevention of stroke is further enhanced. The condition of stroke patients whose movements are limited is exacerbated by the psychic condition of patients who are unable to communicate pressure will cause obstacles to the healing process of the patient. This research proposes a stroke patient communication media by applying the technology of Mobile Finger Communication Board and user center design approach (UCD). This communication board is operated using the patient's fingers so that it is comfortable for everyday activities. Mobile Finger Communication Board Design based on five planes of user experience. The result of Mobile Finger Communication Board implementation shows that application usability level seen from perception and ergonomic point of view shows satisfaction index of the user at the satisfactory level so that it can be said that the system works with the satisfactory result of the users. It is expected that with a convenient Mobile Finger Communication Board can support the healing process of stroke so that the healing rate of stroke is increasing.</p><p class="0keywords"> <em></em></p>
The movement of fly (Diptera) larvae within a feeding aggregation
Authors: Heaton Vivienne , Moffatt Colin , Simmons Tal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDipteran larvae from a number of families feed in aggregations. Rotation of blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae within an aggregation has been reported anecdotally many times. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on such larval movement, which is necessary to better understand the advantage of this gregarious behaviour. A recent development in tagging methods provided an opportunity to address this gap in knowledge. In 15 aggregations of 500 Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae, the location of four-tagged individuals was recorded at 10-minute intervals. All larvae were seen to rotate, alternating between the periphery and within. There was much variation in the relative proportions that larvae were seen in these two locations among aggregations (χ2=78.4, df=58, P=0.038), perhaps as a result of differences in mass shape and, therefore, surface area: volume ratio. There were also differences between larvae within aggregations (χ2=25.6, df=14, P=0.029), which may give rise to differences in development rate, perhaps as a result of intraspecific competition. Further work would be required to verify this competition, and to establish whether the limited resource is temperature, food, oxygen, or some other requirement.
Human–social capital and market access factors influencing agro-processing participation by small-scale agripreneurs: The moderating effects of transaction costs
Authors: Thindisa Lesibana M.V. , Urban Boris 
Published: March 2018

Orientation: Participating in the agriculture and agro-processing chain has the potential to enhance the competitive advantage of small-scale agricultural enterprises in South Africa.Research purpose: The study empirically investigated the extent to which agro-processing participation is determined by human and social capital factors, while accounting for the moderating effects of transaction costs.Motivation of the study: Research is required that examines levels of human and social capital of small-scale agripreneurs, as these act as major constraints towards improved competitiveness of agribusinesses.Design: To test the study hypotheses, a structured questionnaire was administered to 166 small-scale agripreneurs at farmer gatherings across regions in South Africa.Findings: Based on the survey results, both human and social capital factors showed a positive and significant influence on agro-processing participation. The findings further highlight the importance of market access and transaction costs to small-scale agripreneurs.Practical implications: Policy-makers need to be aware of how human capital factors such as previous education and experience impact participation in agro-processing activities and help to mitigate transaction costs.Contribution: Study findings are highly relevant to South Africa as agro-processing and value-adding activities are not always scale dependent, and hence, a focus on human and social capital is valuable.
Diagnosing monitoring and evaluation capacity in Africa
Authors: Blaser Mapitsa Caitlin , Khumalo Linda 
Published: March 2018

Background: Since 2015, the Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results-Anglophone Africa (CLEAR-AA) has implemented more than seven diagnostic tools to better understand monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems in the region. Through the process of adapting global tools to make them more appropriate to an African context, CLEAR-AA has learned several lessons about contextually relevant definitions and boundaries of M&E systems.Objectives: This article aims to share lessons learned from adapting and implementing a range of global tools in an African context, and puts forward certain key criteria for a ‘Made in Africa’ tool to better understand M&E systems in the region.Method: This article reviews CLEAR-AA’s diagnostic tools, as well as global good practice diagnostic tools, and compares the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. It further looks at the implementation of specific tools in context and proposes components on the basis of these lessons.Results: This review has found that most M&E tools have a heavy focus on the technical and contextual aspects of M&E but very few do a thorough job of accommodating the institutional factors. Furthermore, the relationship between the technical elements, the institutional elements and the organisational culture elements has not been made apparent.Conclusion: A contextually relevant diagnostic tool for M&E systems will balance technical considerations of capacity, institutional factors and issues of organisational culture. Drawing on approaches from organisational change may be of help to strengthen our tool development endeavours.
An analysis of trunk kinematics and gait parameters in people with stroke
Authors: Titus Adnil W. , Hillier Susan , Louw Quinette A. , Inglis-Jassiem Gakeemah 
Published: March 2018

Background: Approximately two out of three people with stroke experience gait problems. Trunk movement control and symmetry is an important prerequisite for functional walking gait. Movement control, measured objectively as kinematics during walking gait, is rarely investigated.Objective: To describe the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the trunk during gait in people with stroke, including key spatiotemporal characteristics.Methodology: A total of 17 adults with stroke who met the inclusion criteria were selected to participate in this cross-sectional pilot study. An eight-camera T-10 Vicon system with Nexus 1.8 software (Vicon Motion System Limited, Oxford, UK) was used to analyse the 3D kinematics of the trunk during self-selected walking speed. Trunk kinematics throughout the gait cycle and spatiotemporal parameters were extracted using custom-built scripts in MATLAB used at the Stellenbosch University Movement Analysis Laboratory. Stata Version 12.1 software was used to assess differences in trunk kinematics between the affected and unaffected sides during gait using the Sign test (statistical significance level p 0.05).Results: Participants achieved functional gait speeds although they presented with asymmetrical trunk kinematics. During the full gait cycle, there were statistically significant differences of trunk motion between the affected and unaffected sides in the coronal plane (p 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the trunk kinematics between the affected side and unaffected sides at initial contact (p 0.001) and foot off (p 0.049) in the coronal plane as well as at initial contact (p 0.000) and foot off (p 0.013) in the transverse plane.Conclusion: This pilot study found significant asymmetry in trunk motion between the affected and unaffected sides that varied across the gait cycle. This suggests the trunk may need to be targeted in clinical gait retraining post-stroke.
HIV infected patients attendance in a Brazilian public health service: A short report
Authors: Silva dos Santos Larissa , Azevedo Kátia , Silva Licinio , Oliveira Solange , Oliveira Ledy 
Published: March 2018

Background. Continuous health monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients is critical to allow uninterrupted access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sustained viral suppression. Despite public health effort for patient retention in care, many HIV-infected patients fail to maintain effective engagement in Health Services. This study reports the attendance of HIV infected individuals for routine exams in a Brazilian outpatient clinic.
Methods. Patients were enrolled in two moments, 2010/2011 and 2014/2015, as they attended the public service for monitoring HIV infection status. The individuals that agreed to participate the study signed an informed consent and completed a structured questionnaire.
Results. Of 58 initially expected patients, only 31 participated in the second part of the study. The reasons for these individuals not returning to the health service during the study period were not related to death (1.7%) and the majority of them still remained enrolled in the service and in follow-up.
Discussion. The difficulty of HIV infected patients in returning to healthcare services have been reported by several authors. Among the barriers that prevent monitoring, we suggest that noncompliance may also be linked to years of study. However this subject needs more investigation.
The importance of sponges and mangroves in supporting fish communities on degraded coral reefs in Caribbean Panama
Authors: Seemann Janina , Yingst Alexandra , Stuart-Smith Rick D. , Edgar Graham J. , Altieri Andrew H. 
Published: March 2018

Fish communities associated with coral reefs worldwide are threatened by habitat degradation and overexploitation. We assessed coral reefs, mangrove fringes, and seagrass meadows on the Caribbean coast of Panama to explore the influences of their proximity to one another, habitat cover, and environmental characteristics in sustaining biomass, species richness and trophic structure of fish communities in a degraded tropical ecosystem. We found 94% of all fish across all habitat types were of small body size (≤10 cm), with communities dominated by fishes that usually live in habitats of low complexity, such as Pomacentridae (damselfishes) and Gobiidae (gobies). Total fish biomass was very low, with the trend of small fishes from low trophic levels over-represented, and top predators under-represented, relative to coral reefs elsewhere in the Caribbean. For example, herbivorous fishes comprised 27% of total fish biomass in Panama relative to 10% in the wider Caribbean, and the small parrotfishScarus isericomprised 72% of the parrotfish biomass. We found evidence that non-coral biogenic habitats support reef-associated fish communities. In particular, the abundance of sponges on a given reef and proximity of mangroves were found to be important positive correlates of reef fish species richness, biomass, abundance and trophic structure. Our study indicates that a diverse fish community can persist on degraded coral reefs, and that the availability and arrangement within the seascape of other habitat-forming organisms, including sponges and mangroves, is critical to the maintenance of functional processes in such ecosystems.
Pilot study of EEG in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Léveillé‐ Pauline , Hamel Mathieu , Ardilouze Jean‐Luc , Pasquier Jean‐Charles , Deacon Charles , Whittingstall Kevin , Plourde Mélanie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe goal was to evaluate whether there was neurodevelopmental deficits in newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to control newborns born to healthy mothers.MethodsForty‐six pregnant women (21 controls and 25 GDM) were recruited. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the newborns within 48 h after birth. The EEG signal was quantitatively analyzed using power spectral density (PSD); coherence between hemispheres was calculated in paired channels of frontal, temporal, central and occipital regions.ResultsThe left centro‐occipital PSD in control newborns was 12% higher than in GDM newborns (p = 0.036) but was not significant after adjustment for gestational age. While coherence was higher in the frontal regions compared to the occipital regions (p < 0.001), there was no difference between the groups for the fronto‐temporal, frontal‐central, centro‐occipital and tempo‐occipital regions.ConclusionOur results support that EEG differences between groups were mainly modified by gestational age and less by GDM status of the mothers. However, there is a need to confirm this result with a higher number of mother‐newborns. Quantitative EEG in GDM newborns within 48 h after birth is feasible. This study emphasizes the importance of controlling blood glucose during GDM to protect infant brain development.
Richard II and the Wider Gaelic World: A Reassessment
Authors: Egan Simon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough Richard II's Irish expedition of 1394–95 has attracted considerable scholarly attention, the focus has largely been on Richard's relations with the colonial administration in Ireland, pointing mainly to the colonial government's plea for greater royal investment in the colony as the main factor underpinning Richard's decision to intervene in Ireland. Little attention, by comparison, has been devoted to exploring the king's relations with both the Gaelic Irish and Gaelic Scottish nobility. Using Richard's relations with the expanding Gaelic world as the main case study, this article reconsiders how developments in the Gaelic west influenced the king's decision to intervene in Ireland. Set against the backdrop of Anglo-Scottish relations and the Hundred Years’ War, the article draws on a broad range of Gaelic sources from Ireland and Scotland, English and Scottish governmental records, and material from the Avignon papacy. It uncovers and traces the development of the main Gaelic Irish and Gaelic Scottish dynasties during the late fourteenth century, their relationships with one another, and their unfolding connections with the English and Scottish crowns. By locating Richard's expeditions within the broader archipelagic context, this article argues that the wider Gaelic world, though on the geographic periphery of Ireland and Scotland, was capable of exerting a far greater degree of influence on the course of “British” politics than has previously been acknowledged.