bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Clinical Chorioamnionitis among Preterm Infants
Authors: Spiegel Ariana M. , Li Jingjing , Oehlert John W. , Mayo Jonathan A. , Quaintance Cecele C. , Girsen Anna I. , Druzin Maurice L. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Gibbs Ronald S. 
Published: January 2019

Objective To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with clinical chorioamnionitis among preterm infants.
Study Design We reanalyzed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from preterm newborns at less than 30 weeks' gestation. Cases and control definitions were determined using administrative records. There were 213 clinical chorioamnionitis cases and 707 clinically uninfected controls. We compared demographic and clinical outcomes of cases and controls. We performed a GWAS and compared the distribution of SNPs from the background genes and from the immunome genes. We used a Wilcoxon's rank-sum test to compare the SNPs normalized odds ratio and used odds ratios and p-values to determine candidate genes.
Results Infants affected by clinical chorioamnionitis were more likely to have periventricular leukomalacia, high-grade retinopathy, and high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Although a GWAS did not identify SNPs associated with clinical chorioamnionitis at the genome-wide significance level, a direct test on the exonic variants in the human immunome revealed their significant increase of risk in clinical chorioamnionitis.
Conclusion Among very preterm infants, clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with periventricular leukomalacia, high-grade retinopathy, and IVH. Our analysis of variants in the human immunome indicates an association with clinical chorioamnionitis in very preterm pregnancies.
Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase Level as Predictor of Neurologic Outcome after Aortic Surgery
Authors: Kimura Fumiaki , Kadohama Takayuki , Kitahara Hiroto , Ise Hayato , Nakanishi Sentaro , Akasaka Nobuyuki , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2019

Background This study aimed to evaluate the significance of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level as a predictor of neurologic injury in thoracic aortic surgery.
Methods We neurologically assessed 60 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 26) and aortic dissection (n = 34). Using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion, total arch replacement and hemiarch replacement were performed in 37 and 23 patients, respectively. Serum NSE levels in venous blood samples drawn before surgery and at 1 day after surgery were measured. Severity of neurologic injury was categorized as either uncomplicated (n = 48), temporary neurologic dysfunction (TND, n = 5), or permanent neurologic dysfunction (PND, n = 7). The extent of stroke was estimated on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.
Results The NSE level significantly differed among the three groups (PND > TND > uncomplicated) on the first postoperative day. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of NSE level was 34.14 ng/mL for neurologic injury (sensitivity, 0.769; specificity, 0.851) and 43.56 ng/mL for PND (sensitivity, 1.000; specificity, 0.963). The NSE level significantly correlated with the extent of stroke (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Serum NSE level is a significant predictor of adverse neurologic outcomes and extent of stroke after thoracic aortic surgery.
Birth Size and Gestational Age Specific Outcomes of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in Preterm Neonates with Clinically Diagnosed Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Udland Carley J. , Carey William A. , Weaver Amy L. , Mara Kristin C. , Clark Reese H. , Ellsworth Kevin R. 
Published: January 2019

Objective Among neonates of 22 to 29 weeks' gestational age (GA) who required mechanical ventilation for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and clinically diagnosed pulmonary hypertension (PH), we tested our hypothesis that the association between early treatment with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and survival would vary according to birth size and GA.
Study Design Because iNO was not randomly prescribed to patients in this cohort, we used propensity score matching to pair a neonate who received iNO at a chronological age of ≤7 days with an unexposed neonate with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was inhospital mortality, which we evaluated based on size for GA and GA strata using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Results Among 1,531 neonates who met study criteria, we created a propensity score matched cohort of 615 pairs of neonates (iNO-exposed and unexposed). The risk of inhospital mortality for iNO-exposed neonates was observed only in the minority (<10%) who were large for GA, though this finding did not persist when matching for illness severity.
Conclusion Early treatment with iNO is not associated with survival in most extremely premature neonates with RDS and clinically diagnosed PH when stratified for birth size or GA.
Viscoelastic shear stress relaxation in two-dimensional glass-forming liquids
Authors: Flenner Elijah , Szamel Grzegorz 
Published: January 2019

Significance
A phase transition from a liquid to an ordered solid state in two dimensions is different from that in three dimensions. In two dimensions, the appearance of quasi–long-range orientational correlations is decoupled from the that of quasi–long-range translational correlations, which is correlated with the emergence of a nonzero shear modulus. Here, we show that a similar decoupling also exists in 2D glassy phenomena, albeit with transitions replaced by crossovers. The onset of slow dynamics is signaled by the appearance of a two-step decay in orientational correlations, but a glassy viscoelastic response develops at a lower temperature.
Apobec3A maintains HIV-1 latency through recruitment of epigenetic silencing machinery to the long terminal repeat
Authors: Taura Manabu , Song Eric , Ho Ya-Chi , Iwasaki Akiko 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection causes a life-long disease, due to the ability of the virus to integrate into the host genome and establish latent infection. While research has revealed a number of host restriction factors that block primary infection, much less is understood with regard to the host factors that promote or block reactivation of the integrated proviral HIV-1. In this study, we show that a member of the Apobec3A (apolipoprotein B MRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3A) family, A3A, suppresses HIV-1 reactivation by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes to impose repressive marks around the long terminal repeat promoter region. Identification of host factors that control HIV-1 latency may provide clues for therapeutic interventions needed to remove the viral reservoir from the infected individual.
Stromal-derived interleukin 6 drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and therapy resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ebbing Eva A. , van der Zalm Amber P. , Steins Anne , Creemers Aafke , Hermsen Simone , Rentenaar Rosa , Klein Michelle , Waasdorp Cynthia , Hooijer Gerrit K. J. , Meijer Sybren L. , Krishnadath Kausilia K. , Punt Cornelis J. A. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van Delden Otto M. , Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , Medema Jan Paul , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Bijlsma Maarten F. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
We found that cancer-associated fibroblasts, the most abundant noncancer cell type in esophageal cancer tissue, contribute to the resistance of tumors against currently applicable treatments. These cancer-associated fibroblasts do so by producing and secreting IL-6. IL-6 induces a mesenchymal, resistant tumor cell state. Inhibition of IL-6 reverted the mesenchymal cell state and resensitized tumor cells to therapy. Serum-borne proxies for the presence of IL-6–producing fibroblasts were identified and found to be predictive for the response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Los verbos de percepción en el discurso turístico promocional
Authors: Almela Jorge Soto , Coy Marta Navarro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPersuasion is the dominant function of tourist promotional texts and is fostered through the use of certain lexical devices such as verbs of perception, which engage readers and arouse in them pleasant feelings. This paper aims to compare verbs of perception in English and Spanish through the exploitation of a bilingual comparable corpus of five British and five Spanish institutional websites. In particular, the analysis conducted seeks to (1) determine which language expresses more perceptions through verbal forms, (2) analyse to what extent each language uses verbs of sensory and intellectual perception, and (3) identify equivalent verbs in both corpora. In general terms, the results show that the English corpus includes a higher frequency of verbs of perception, cognitive verbs prevail over sensory ones in both corpora, and there exist equivalent verbs which are more used in one language than in the other.
COMMD1 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by modulating p21 Cip1 levels
Authors: Jiang Zhiwen , Yuan Yuan , Zheng Huiling , Cui Hongjing , Sun Xuerong , Zhao Wei , Liu Xinguang 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 1 (COMMD1) is a protein that participates in multiple cellular processes, including copper homeostasis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling. The COMMD1 upstream regulators X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and p300 and downstream targets such as NF-κB and HIF-1α are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. However, whether COMMD1 regulates cell proliferation and the cell cycle remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that both overexpression and knockdown of COMMD1 affected the proliferation of HEK293 cells, and the cell cycle assay revealed that ectopic expression of COMMD1 arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that COMMD1 affected p21 Cip1 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that COMMD1 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by modulating p21 Cip1 levels.
Abbreviations COMMD1: Copper metabolism MURR1 domain containing 1; XIAP: X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; FCS: Fetal calf serum; WCE: Whole cell extracts; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; HEK293: Human embryonic kidney 293; ShRNA: Short hairpin RNA; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ARF: Alternate reading frame protein product of the CDKN2A locus.
C/EBPβ suppresses keratinocyte autonomous type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer
Authors: Tam Hann W , Hall Jonathan R , Messenger Zachary J , Jima Dereje D , House John S , Linder Keith , Smart Robert C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
p53 is activated by DNA damage and oncogenic stimuli to regulate senescence, apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, which are essential to prevent cancer. Here, we utilized UVB radiation, a potent inducer of DNA damage, p53, apoptosis and skin cancer to investigate the mechanism of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) in regulating p53-mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes and to test whether the deletion of C/EBPβ in epidermis can protect mice from UVB-induced skin cancer. UVB-treatment of C/EBPβ skin conditional knockout (CKOβ) mice increased p53 protein levels in epidermis and enhanced p53-dependent apoptotic activity 3-fold compared with UVB-treated control mice. UVB increased C/EBPβ levels through a p53-dependent pathway and stimulated the formation of a C/EBPβ-p53 protein complex; knockdown of C/EBPβ increased p53 protein stability in keratinocytes. These results suggest a p53-C/EBPβ feedback loop, whereby C/EBPβ, a transcriptional target of a p53 pathway, functions as a survival factor by negatively regulating p53 apoptotic activity in response to DNA damage. RNAseq analysis of UVB-treated CKOβ epidermis unexpectedly revealed that type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway was the most highly enriched pathway. Numerous pro-apoptotic interferon stimulated genes were upregulated including some known to enhance p53 apoptosis. Our results indicate that p53 and IFN pathways function together in response to DNA damage to result in the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways and caspase 8 cleavage. Last, we observed CKOβ mice were resistant to UVB-induced skin cancer. Our results suggest that C/EBPβ represses apoptosis through keratinocyte autonomous suppression of the type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer.
Comparing the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of acute myeloid leukemia with and without acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Kamath Geetanjali R , Tremblay Douglas , Coltoff Alexander , Caro Jessica , Lancman Guido , Bhalla Sheena , Najfeld Vesna , Mascarenhas John , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a particularly aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with high rates of early death. It is important to examine how epidemiological characteristics, clinical and treatment factors, cytogenetic and genetic data affect survival and differ between APL and non-APL AML patients. We analyzed population data from the New York State Cancer Registry to characterize AML including APL incidence rates by demographics. APL incidence rates were higher among Hispanics than non-Hispanics [incidence rate ratio = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.43]; and among foreign-born than USA-born persons. APL incidence rates increased more rapidly through 1995–2014 than non-APL AML; and its frequency increased faster among foreign-born persons. In a hospital cohort of 390 AML patients, the risk of death was significantly higher among APL patients with FLT3-internal tandem duplications than those without [hazard ratio (HR) = 11.74; 95% CI = 1.03–134.5]; and among APL patients with secondary versus de novo disease (HR = 17.32; 95% CI = 1.56–192.1). Among non-APL AML patients, risk of death was significantly associated with prior chemotherapy with antitubulin agents after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity (adjusted HR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.49–7.32); and separately with older age, unfavorable cytogenetics and complex karyotype. This study highlights FLT3-internal tandem duplications as a prognostic factor in APL and proposes consideration of prior antitubulin therapy as a prognostic factor in non-APL AML.
The effect of the extent of surgical insult on orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Chang Joy , Chen Po-Jung , Dutra Eliane H , Nanda Ravindra , Yadav Sumit 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to investigate how the extent of surgical insult affects the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the alveolar bone modelling and remodelling in a rodent model.

Material and methods
15-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the research and they were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) OTM only (N = 8); (2) OTM + 2 alveolar decortication (AD) (less surgical insult) (N = 8); and (3) OTM + 4 AD (more surgical insult) (N = 8). A nickel-titanium spring delivering 5–8 g of force was used to protract the molar mesially using maxillary incisors as an anchorage. AD was done using a hand piece and a round bur, adjacent to the left first maxillary molar on the palatal alveolar bone. After 14 days of OTM Wistar rats were killed and microfocus computed tomography and histological analysis were performed.

Results
The OTM + 4AD group presented with a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the rate of tooth movement when compared to OTM + 2AD group and OTM only group. In addition, the OTM + 4AD group had a significant decrease in bone volume and tissue density (P &lt; 0.05) and a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the trabecular spacing and trabecular thickness when compared to OTM only. Histological quantification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase indicated a significant percent increase (P &lt; 0.05) in OTM + 4AD group, when compared to OTM + 2AD and OTM only group.

Results
Increased surgical insult increases the rate of OTM. Additionally, increased surgical insult decreases the bone volume and the tissue density.
Prospective evaluation of intestinal decompression in treatment of acute bowel obstruction from Crohn’s disease
Authors: Liu Rui-Qing , Qiao Shuai-Hua , Wang Ke-Hao , Guo Zhen , Li Yi , Cao Lei , Gong Jian-Feng , Wang Zhi-Ming , Zhu Wei-Ming 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Conservative therapy for Crohn’s disease (CD)-related acute bowel obstruction is essential to avoid emergent surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using a long intestinal decompression tube (LT) in treatment of CD with acute intestinal obstruction.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study. Comparative analysis was performed in CD patients treated with LT (the LT group) and nasogastric tube (the GT group). The primary outcome was the avoidance of emergent surgery. Additionally, predictive factors for failure of decompression and subsequent surgery were investigated.

Results
There were 27 and 42 CD patients treated with LT and GT, respectively, in emergent situations. Twelve (44.4%) patients using LT were managed conservatively without laparotomy, while only nine (21.4%) patients in the GT group were spared from emergent surgery (P < 0.05). Both in surgery-free and in surgery patients, the time to alleviation of symptoms was significantly shorter in the LT groups than in the GT groups (both P < 0.01). C-reactive protein decrease after intubation and 48-hour drainage volume >500 mL were predictors of unavoidable surgery (both P < 0.05). The rate of temporary stoma and incidence of incision infection in the LT surgery group were significantly lower than those in the GT group (both P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of medical and surgical recurrences between the LT and GT groups (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Endoscopic placement of LT could improve the emergent status in CD patients with acute bowel obstruction. The drainage output and changes in C-reactive protein after intubation could serve as practical predictive indices for subsequent surgery. Compared to traditional GT decompression, LT decompression was associated with fewer short-term complications and did not appear to affect long-term recurrence.
A framework to assess cultural safety in Australian public policy
Authors: Mackean Tamara , Fisher Matthew , Friel Sharon , Baum Frances 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The concept of cultural safety (CS) has been developed as a critical perspective on healthcare provided to Indigenous service users in neo-colonial countries such as New Zealand, Australia and Canada. Unlike other frameworks for culturally competent healthcare, a CS approach recognizes impacts of colonization and power inequalities on Indigenous peoples and asks how these may manifest in healthcare settings. It has been argued that CS thinking is suited to critical analysis of public policy, but there has been limited work in this direction. Drawing on literature on CS in Australian healthcare, we defined a CS framework consisting of five concepts: reflexivity, dialogue, reducing power differences, decolonization and regardful care. Our research examined whether and in what terms this framework could be adapted as a tool for critical analysis of Australian public policy as it affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. We used a collaborative inquiry process combining perspectives of an Aboriginal researcher and a non-Indigenous researcher. We developed a thematic analysis framework to examine how the five concepts might be reflected in contemporary writings on policy by leading Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander thinkers. We found the framework is applicable as a tool for policy analysis; bringing together key concerns raised by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders and critical concepts such as sovereignty and interface thinking. We concluded the framework is likely to be a useful tool for critical, systemic thinking about public policy as it affects Indigenous peoples and for specifying areas where performance can be improved to achieve culturally safe policy.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay efficiency varies in choroideremia providing a target to boost small molecule therapeutics
Authors: Sarkar Hajrah , Mitsios Andreas , Smart Matthew , Skinner Jane , Welch Ailsa A , Kalatzis Vasiliki , Coffey Peter J , Dubis Adam M , Webster Andrew R , Moosajee Mariya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Choroideremia (CHM) is an x-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy, with 30% caused by nonsense mutations in the CHM gene resulting in an in-frame premature termination codon (PTC). Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is the cell’s natural surveillance mechanism that detects and destroys PTC-containing transcripts, with UPF1 being the central NMD modulator. NMD efficiency can be variable amongst individuals with some transcripts escaping destruction, leading to the production of a truncated non-functional or partially functional protein. Nonsense suppression drugs, such as ataluren, target these transcripts and read-through the PTC, leading to the production of a full length functional protein. Patients with higher transcript levels are considered to respond better to these drugs, as more substrate is available for read-through. Using Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), we show that CHM mRNA expression in blood from nonsense mutation CHM patients is 2.8-fold lower than controls, and varies widely amongst patients, with 40% variation between those carrying the same UGA mutation [c.715 C&gt;T; p.(R239*)]. These results indicate that although NMD machinery is at work, efficiency is highly variable and not wholly dependent on mutation position. No significant difference in CHM mRNA levels was seen between two patients’ fibroblasts and their induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium. There was no correlation between CHM mRNA expression and genotype, phenotype or UPF1 transcript levels. NMD inhibition with caffeine was shown to restore CHM mRNA transcripts to near wild-type levels. Baseline mRNA levels may provide a prognostic indicator for response to nonsense suppression therapy, and caffeine may be a useful adjunct to enhance treatment efficacy where indicated.