bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelagic production and the recruitment of juvenile polar cod Boreogadus saida in Canadian Arctic seas
Authors: LeBlanc Mathieu , Geoffroy Maxime , Bouchard Caroline , Gauthier Stéphane , Majewski Andrew , Reist James D. , Fortier Louis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious work found that an earlier ice breakup favors the recruitment of juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) by enabling early hatchers to survive and reach a large size by late summer thanks to a long growth season. We tested the hypothesis that, in addition to a long growth season, an earlier ice breakup provides superior feeding conditions for young polar cod by enhancing microalgal and zooplankton production over the summer months. Ice cover and surface chlorophyllawere derived from satellite observations, and zooplankton and juvenile cod biomass were estimated by hydroacoustics in ten regions of the Canadian Arctic over a period of 11 years. Earlier breakups resulted in earlier phytoplankton blooms. Zooplankton backscatter in August increased with earlier breakup and bloom, and plateaued at chlorophylla > 1 mg m−3. Juvenile cod biomass in August increased with an earlier breakup, and plateaued at a zooplankton backscatter > 5 m2nmi−2, supporting the hypothesis that higher food availability promotes the growth and survival of age-0 fish in years of early ice melt. However, there was little evidence that late summer biomass of either zooplankton or age-0 polar cod benefitted from ice breakup occurring prior to June. On average, zooplankton standing stock was similar in the Southern Beaufort Sea and the North Water-Lancaster Sound polynya complex, but juvenile cod biomass was higher in the Beaufort Sea. Intense avian predation could explain the lower biomass of juvenile cod in the polynya complex, confirming its reputation as a biological hotspot for energy transfer to higher trophic levels.
Cognitive function after surgery with regional or general anesthesia: A population‐based study
Authors: Sprung Juraj , Schulte Phillip J. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Weingarten Toby N. , Martin David P. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Warner David O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to examine whether surgery with regional anesthesia (RA) is associated with accelerated long‐term cognitive decline comparable with that previously reported after general anesthesia (GA).MethodsLongitudinal cognitive function was analyzed in a cohort of 1819 older adults. Models assessed the rate of change in global and domain‐specific cognition over time in participants exposed to RA or GA.ResultsWhen compared with those unexposed to anesthesia, the postoperative rate of change of the cognitive global z‐score was greater in those exposed to both RA (difference in annual decline of −0.041, P = .011) and GA (−0.061, P < .001); these rates did not differ. In analysis of the domain‐specific scores, an accelerated decline in memory was observed after GA (−0.065, P < .001) but not RA (−0.011, P = .565).ConclusionsOlder adults undergoing surgery with RA experience decline of global cognition similar to those receiving GA; however, memory was not affected.
Two‐period linear mixed effects models to analyze clinical trials with run‐in data when the primary outcome is continuous: Applications to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Li Yan , McDade Eric , Liu Lei , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Bateman Randall J. , Morris John C. , Hassenstab Jason J. , Xiong Chengjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionStudy outcomes can be measured repeatedly based on the clinical trial protocol before randomization during what is known as the “run‐in” period. However, it has not been established how best to incorporate run‐in data into the primary analysis of the trial.MethodsWe proposed two‐period (run‐in period and randomization period) linear mixed effects models to simultaneously model the run‐in data and the postrandomization data.ResultsCompared with the traditional models, the two‐period linear mixed effects models can increase the power up to 15% and yield similar power for both unequal randomization and equal randomization.DiscussionGiven that analysis of run‐in data using the two‐period linear mixed effects models allows more participants (unequal randomization) to be on the active treatment with similar power to that of the equal‐randomization trials, it may reduce the dropout by assigning more participants to the active treatment and thus improve the efficiency of AD clinical trials.
An institution-wide faculty mentoring program at an academic health center with 6-year prospective outcome data
Authors: Bonilha Heather , Hyer Madison , Krug Edward , Mauldin Mary , Edlund Barbara , Martin-Harris Bonnie , Halushka Perry , McGinty Jacqueline , Sullivan Joann , Brady Kathleen , Ranwala Dayan , Hermayer Kathie , Harvey Jillian , Paranal Rechelle , Gough Joseph , Silvestri Gerard , Chimowitz Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:There is discontent and turnover among faculty at US academic health centers because of the challenges in balancing clinical, research, teaching, and work–life responsibilities in the current healthcare environment. One potential strategy to improve faculty satisfaction and limit turnover is through faculty mentoring programs.Methods:A Mentor Leadership Council was formed to design and implement an institution-wide faculty mentoring program across all colleges at an academic health center. The authors conducted an experimental study of the impact of the mentoring program using pre-intervention (2011) and 6-year (2017) post-intervention faculty surveys that measured the long-term effectiveness of the program.Results:The percent of faculty who responded to the surveys was 45.9% (656/1428) in 2011 and 40.2% (706/1756) in 2017. For faculty below the rank of full professor, percent of faculty with a mentor (45.3% vs. 67.1%, P < 0.001), familiarity with promotion criteria (81.7% vs. 90.0%, P = 0.001), and satisfaction with department’s support of career (75.6% vs. 84.7%, P = 0.002) improved. The percent of full professors serving as mentors also increased from 50.3% in 2011 to 68.0% in 2017 (P = 0.002). However, the percent of non-retiring faculty considering leaving the institution over the next 2 years increased from 18.8% in 2011 to 24.3% in 2017 (P = 0.02).Conclusions:Implementation of an institution-wide faculty mentoring program significantly improved metrics of career development and faculty satisfaction but was not associated with a reduction in the percent of faculty considering leaving the institution. This suggests the need for additional efforts to identify and limit factors driving faculty turnover.
Information Asymmetry and Investor Valuations of Initial Public Offerings: Two Dimensions of Organizational Reputation as Stock Market Signals
Authors: Liu Yang , Cheng Peng , OuYang Zhe , Wang Ao 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe uncertainty and information asymmetry that surround initial public offering firms (IPOs) often introduce difficulties for potential investors to discern organizational value, thereby leading to ‘underpricing’. Using the signaling theory, we investigate the role of organizational reputation in the underpricing of IPOs. We analyze 463 initial public offerings in China from the period of 2010 to 2016 and find thatbeing known for qualityandgeneralized favorabilitydimensions of reputation are negatively related with underpricing on the first day of trading. In addition, we find that the negative effects of organizational reputation on underpricing are mediated by investor attention.
High-Profile Criminal Violence: Why Drug Cartels Murder Government Officials and Party Candidates in Mexico
Authors: Trejo Guillermo , Ley Sandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explains a surprising wave of lethal attacks by drug cartels against hundreds of local elected officials and party candidates in Mexico, 2007–2012. These attacks are puzzling because criminal organizations tend to prefer the secrecy of bribery over the publicity of political murder. Scholars suggest that war drives armed actors to attack state authorities in search of protection or rents. Using original data on high-profile attacks in Mexico, the authors show that war need arguments underexplain violence. Focusing on political opportunities, they suggest that cartels use attacks to establish criminal governance regimes and conquer local governments, populations and territories. The study presents quantitative and qualitative evidence showing that cartels took advantage of Mexico's political polarization and targeted subnational authorities who were unprotected by their federal partisan rivals. Cartels intensified attacks during subnational election cycles to capture incoming governments and targeted geographically adjacent municipalities to establish control over large territories. The findings reveal how cartels take cues from the political environment to develop their own de facto political domains through high-profile violence. These results question the widely shared assumption that organized criminal groups are apolitical actors.
Evolutionary history told by mitochondrial markers of large teleost deep-sea predators of family Anoplopomatidae Jordan & Gilbert 1883, endemic to the North Pacific
Authors: Orlova Svetlana Y. , Schepetov Dimitry M. , Mugue Nikolai S. , Smirnova Maria A. , Senou Hiroshi , Baitaliuk Aleksei A. , Orlov Alexei M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe propose three calibration scenarios of to date contemporary divergence of Anoplopomatidae (skilfish Erilepis zonifer and sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria) for a data set of two mtDNA loci (СOI and Control Region). The first scenario is based upon a fossil record and the second and third ones upon major palaeogeological events 3.5 and 15 Mya. Estimated evolution speeds indicate that COI evolves faster in the skilfish mitochondrial genome. There is also evidence of skilfish going through a bottleneck event limiting its genetic diversity in the relatively recent past near Japan. Sablefish had two refugia on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. The contemporary haplotype divergence was formed ~450 thousand years ago during an ice age in the Pleistocene and contemporary populations display no apparent geographic differentiation.
The neural basis of consciousness
Authors: Frith Chris D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConsciousness has evolved and is a feature of all animals with sufficiently complex nervous systems. It is, therefore, primarily a problem for biology, rather than physics. In this review, I will consider three aspects of consciousness: level of consciousness, whether we are awake or in a coma; the contents of consciousness, what determines how a small amount of sensory information is associated with subjective experience, while the rest is not; and meta-consciousness, the ability to reflect upon our subjective experiences and, importantly, to share them with others. I will discuss and compare current theories of the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in producing these three aspects of consciousness and conclude that the research in this area is flourishing and has already succeeded to delineate these mechanisms in surprising detail.
Small Péclet-number mass transport to a finite strip: An advection–diffusion–reaction model of surface-based biosensors
Authors: YARIV EHUD 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider two-dimensional mass transport to a finite absorbing strip in a uniform shear flow as a model of surface-based biosensors. The quantity of interest is the Sherwood number Sh, namely the dimensionless net flux onto the strip. Considering early-time absorption, it is a function of the Péclet number Pe and the Damköhler number Da, which, respectively, represent the characteristic magnitude of advection and reaction relative to diffusion. With a view towards modelling nanoscale biosensors, we consider the limit Pe«1. This singular limit is handled using matched asymptotic expansions, with an inner region on the scale of the strip, where mass transport is diffusively dominated, and an outer region at distances that scale as Pe-1/2, where advection enters the dominant balance. At the inner region, the mass concentration possesses a point-sink behaviour at large distances, proportional to Sh. A rescaled concentration, normalised using that number, thus possesses a universal logarithmic divergence; its leading-order correction represents a uniform background concentration. At the outer region, where advection by the shear flow enters the leading-order balance, the strip appears as a point singularity. Asymptotic matching with the concentration field in that region provides the Sherwood number as$${\rm{Sh}} = {\pi \over {\ln (2/{\rm{P}}{{\rm{e}}^{1/2}}) + 1.0559 + \beta }},$$whereinβis the background concentration. The latter is determined by the solution of the canonical problem governing the rescaled inner concentration, and is accordingly a function of Da alone. Using elliptic-cylinder coordinates, we have obtained an exact solution of the canonical problem, valid for arbitrary values of Da. It is supplemented by approximate solutions for both small and large Da values, representing the respective limits of reaction- and transport-limited conditions.
Spontaneous closure of arterio-venous pulmonary fistulas by redirection of hepatic venous blood 9 years after Glenn anastomosis in a 12-year-old girl
Authors: Gendera Katarzyna , Eicken Andreas , Ewert Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report on a 12-year-old girl with Ebstein’s anomaly after a unidirectional Glenn procedure with surgical ligation of the proximal right pulmonary artery, who suffered from significant central cyanosis caused by multiple arterio-venous fistulas in the right lung. The continuity between the right pulmonary artery and the pulmonary trunk was restored with the use of radiofrequency perforation and consecutive covered stent implantation.
Outcomes of severe limb ischemia with tissue loss and impact of	revascularization in haemodialysis patients with wound, ischemia, and foot	infection (WIfI) stage 3 or 4
Authors: Sigl Martin , Noe Tanja , Ruemenapf Gerhard , Kraemer Bernhard K. , Morbach Stephan , Borggrefe Martin , Amendt Klaus 
Published: September 2019

Summary. Background: With growing prevalence, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as critical limb ischemia (CLI) are both conditions associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients and methods: A retrospective single-centre study provided data of a German interdisciplinary vascular centre. Seventy-seven consecutive haemodialysis (HD) inpatients (median age, 73.6 years) with 91 threatened limbs with Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stage 3 or 4 were evaluated for in-hospital treatment of peripheral arterial disease, limb salvage rates, major amputation (MA)-free and overall survival. Results: The 1-year MA-free limb salvage rate was 82 %. On multivariate analysis, a higher WIfI clinical stage (hazard ratio [HR], 7.54; p = 0.008) indicated a higher risk of MA, while at least one-vessel run-off to the foot after revascularization of any kind was associated with a lower risk of MA (HR, 0.17; p = 0.001). In the composite endpoint analysis, the 1-year MA-free overall survival rate was 65 %. Patients with limbs in WIfI clinical stage 4 versus stage 3 carried a more than two-fold increased hazard of death or MA (HR, 2.63; p = 0.028), while revascularization was associated with reduced risk (HR, 0.40; p = 0.021). One-year overall survival (78 %) was not associated with WIfI stage or revascularization but was worse in patients with previous symptomatic coronary artery disease (HR, 3.25; p = 0.039). During long-term follow-up over 12 years, MA-free survival probability was significantly lower in the WIfI stage 4 versus WIfI stage 3 group (HR, 1.58; p = 0.048) without significant differences in overall survival (HR, 1.10; p = 0.696). Conclusions: Lower-extremity CLI with tissue loss in HD patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. WIfI clinical stage was predictive of 1-year MA-free survival, while revascularization significantly reduced MA risk but did not influence overall survival.
Understanding Cassini RPWS Antenna Signals Triggered by Dust Impacts
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Vaverka J. , Nouzak L. , Sternovsky Z. , Zaslavsky A. , Pavlu J. , Mann I. , Hsu H.‐W. , Averkamp T. F. , Sulaiman A. H. , Pisa D. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Horanyi M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectric field antennas are capable of detecting dust impacts in different space environment. We analyze the dust impact signals detected by the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument at different locations around Saturn and compare them with dust impact signals simulated in laboratory conditions and numerically. The spacecraft potential, the size, and capacitance of the impacted element and ambient plasma have a strong effect on the amplitude and the shape of impact signals, providing important clues to understanding the signal generation mechanism. The voltage signal on the antenna is due to the separation of the impact generated charges, which occurs as electrons and ions can either escape (at different speeds) or be collected by the impacted element depending on the spacecraft potential.
Experimental Constraints on Intensive Crystallization Parameters and Fractionation in A‐Type Granites: A Case Study on the Qitianling Pluton, South China
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Scaillet Bruno , Wang Rucheng , Erdmann Saskia , Chen Yan , Faure Michel , Liu Hongsheng , Xie Lei , Wang Bo , Zhu Jinchu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhase equilibrium experiments are essential for robustly and accurately constraining the intensive parameters of magma systems and their fractionation history, which is particularly true for A‐type granites crystallized from H2O‐rich melts and at reducing conditions. Here, we constrain the crystallization conditions of the ferroan (A‐type), Sn‐mineralized Qitianling granite of South China, which formed during a major event of crustal formation and reorganization in the Mesozoic. To characterize the magma system conditions and fractionation, we have carried out a series of experiments on three representative, amphibole‐bearing samples. The experiments were performed at 100–700 MPa (mainly at 200 and 300 MPa), at anfO2of ~NNO−1.3 (1.3 log unit below the Ni‐NiO buffer) or ~NNO+2.4, at 660 to 900 °C, and at variable H2Omelt(~3–9 wt %). They show that the Qitianling magmas last crystallized at ≥300–350 MPa, at a H2Omelt≥ 6.5–8.0 wt %, and that magmaticfO2was ~NNO−1.3 ± 0.5 at above‐solidus conditions. Amphibole texture in the rocks suggests an early crystallization of this mineral, hence that water‐rich (≥4 wt % H2O in melt) conditions prevailed early during the magmatic evolution, prior to amphibole crystallization. At all investigated conditions, amphibole crystallization requires at least 5–6 wt % dissolved H2O, being even absent in the more potassic composition. We interpret this as resulting from the elevated K2O content of the investigated compositions that inhibits amphibole crystallization in metaluminous granitic systems. The experimental liquid line of descent obtained at 200–300 MPa mimics the geochemical trend expressed by the pluton suggesting that fractionation occurred in the upper crustal reservoir.
Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers
Authors: Kim Kyra H. , Michael Holly A. , Field Erin K. , Ullman William J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiogeochemical reactions within intertidal zones of coastal aquifers have been shown to alter the concentrations of terrestrial solutes prior to their discharge to surface waters. In organic‐poor sandy aquifers, the input of marine organic matter from infiltrating seawater supports active biogeochemical reactions within the sediments. However, while the seasonality of surface water organic carbon concentrations (primary production) and groundwater mixing have been documented, there is limited understanding of the transience of various organic carbon pools (pore water particulate, dissolved, sedimentary) within the aquifer and how these relate to the location and magnitudes of biogeochemical reactions over time. To understand the relationship between changes in groundwater flow and the seasonal migration of geochemical patterns, beach pore water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed from six field sampling events spanning 2 years. While the seasonally dynamic patterns of aerobic respiration closely followed those of salinity, redox conditions and nutrient characteristics (distributions of N and P, denitrification rates) were unrelated to contemporaneous salinity patterns. This divergence was attributed to the spatial variations of reactive particulate organic carbon distributions, unrelated to salinity patterns, likely due to filtration, retardation, and immobilization dynamics during transport within the sediments. Results support a “carbon memory” effect within the beach, with the evolution and migration of reaction patterns relating to the distribution of these scattered carbon pools as more mobile solutes move over less mobile pools during changes in hydrologic conditions. This holds important implications for the prediction and quantification of biogeochemical reactions within beach systems.