bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We're Still Here
Authors: Silva Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The economy has been brutal to American workers. The chance to provide a better life for one’s children—the promise at the heart of the American Dream—is slipping away. In the face of soaring economic inequality and mounting despair, we might expect struggling Americans to rise up together and demand their fair share of opportunity. And yet, the groups who stand to gain the most from collective mobilization appear the least motivated to act in their own self-interest. This book examines why disadvantaged people disable themselves politically. Drawing on in-depth interviews with over one hundred black, white, and Puerto Rican residents in a declining coal town in Pennsylvania, We’re Still Here demonstrates that many working-class people are fiercely critical of growing inequality and of the politicians who have failed to protect them from poverty, exploitation, and social exclusion. However, the institutions that historically mediated between personal suffering and collective political struggle have not only become weak, but have become sites of betrayal. In response, working-class people turn inward, cultivating individualized strategies for triumphing over pain. Convinced that democratic processes are rigged in favor of the wealthy, they search for meaning in internet conspiracy theories or the self-help industry—solitary strategies that turn them inward, or turn them against each other. But as visions of a broken America unite people across gender, race, and age, they also give voice to upended hierarchies, creative re-imaginings of economic justice, and yearnings to be part of a collective whole.
Between Specters of War and Visions of Peace
Authors: Mara Gerald M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This book examines how ideas of war and peace have functioned as organizing frames of reference within the history of political theory. It interprets ten widely read figures in that history within five thematically focused chapters that pair (in order) Schmitt and Derrida, Aquinas and Machiavelli, Hobbes and Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche, and Thucydides and Plato. The book’s substantive argument is that attempts to establish either war or peace as dominant intellectual perspectives obscure too much of political life. The book argues for a style of political theory committed more to questioning than to closure. It challenges two powerful currents in contemporary political philosophy: the verdict that premodern or metaphysical texts cannot speak to modern and postmodern societies, and the insistence that all forms of political theory be some form of democratic theory. What is offered instead is a nontraditional defense of the tradition and a democratic justification for moving beyond democratic theory. Though the book avoids any attempt to show the immediate relevance of these interpretations to current politics, its impetus stems very much from the current political circumstances. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century , a series of wars has eroded confidence in the progressively peaceful character of international relations; citizens of the Western democracies are being warned repeatedly about the threats posed within a dangerous world. In this turbulent context, democratic citizens must think more critically about the actions their governments undertake. The texts interpreted here are valuable resources for such critical thinking.
Political Philosophy in War and Peace
Authors: Mara Gerald M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This book interprets how ideas of war and peace have functioned as frames of reference within the history of Western political philosophy. Its purposes are both theoretical and practical. These seeming alternatives inform a broad spectrum of political thought, contextualizing the questions we ask about politics, the descriptions of the pragmatic and moral choices we face, and the concepts and metaphors we employ. Beyond theory, this inquiry responds to practical challenges confronting democratic citizens in the twenty-first century. The book’s central claim is that the persistence of both war and peace must be acknowledged as framing conditions for a political philosophy capable of informing the critical judgments that citizens need to exercise, particularly in times of intense regime stress or disturbing human precarity. The author presents five thematic chapters that examine how these alternative perspectives have functioned within some of Western political theory’s most significant works.
The Greening of Antarctica
Authors: Antonello Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Greening of Antarctica investigates the development of an international regime of environmental protection and management for Antarctica between the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 and the signing of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. During those two decades the parties to the Antarctic Treaty and an international community of scientists surrounding the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research reimagined Antarctica from being a cold, sterile, and abiotic wilderness into a fragile and extensive regional ecosystem. This book investigates this change by analyzing the negotiations and developments surrounding four environmental agreements: the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals in 1972, a voluntary restraint resolution on Antarctic mining in 1977, and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. The development of the Antarctic Treaty and the related conceptual changes occurred because states and scientists were continually searching for authority and power within various realms. All actors were balancing their search for power and authority with the desire to maintain stability and peace in the region. In this international and diplomatic context, the actors were not simply trying to keep relations between themselves orderly; they were also ordering the human relationship with the environment through treaties.
Cadres’ Voices
Authors: Kennedy John James , Shi Yaojiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While village cadres, along with town and county officials, are often portrayed as the strong arm of the state, enforcing the birth policy regardless of the social and personal costs, the relationship between villagers, cadres, and officials is, in fact, more fluid and complex. In-depth interviews with local cadres, including village leaders, midwives, and family planning cadres, as well as town and county officials, show a more dynamic and at times reciprocal relationship between local leaders and villagers. Many of the village cadres and officials interviewed admitted that it was not uncommon for births to go unregistered for years and that official birth counts and population reports compiled at the village level and sent up to the town governments were, at times, incomplete. The interviews reveal mutual noncompliance and selective policy implementation at the grassroots and even town and county levels.
Public, Private, Insurgent
Authors: Maxwell Lida 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Through discussion of feminist and queer conceptions of “the outsider,” this chapter develops a distinctive conception of outsider truth-telling as the practice of refusing the public/private divide that structures norms of proper speech and comportment. Outsider truth-telling reveals a reality of oppression and domination that productively unsettles society and enables outsider survival as flourishing. Yet this outsider practice of truth-telling is also inhabited by a dilemma: how to maintain a capacity to speak truth to the public and private realms (and be heard by them) that depends at the same time on remaining outside of those realms in some sense. The chapter suggests that the creation and imagination of tenuous outsider spaces (focusing on Virginia Woolf’s “bridge” and Anna Julia Cooper’s “corner”) offers a promising way to negotiate this dilemma and create a political imaginary where one need not be absorbed by public and private realms to speak to them.
Chelsea Manning as Transformative Truth-Teller
Authors: Maxwell Lida 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The chapter argues for reading Chelsea Manning as a transformative truth-teller. Through close examination of the chat logs between Manning and Adrian Lamo, the chapter argues that we should value rather than dismiss the connections Manning makes between her “private” struggles with Don’t Ask Don’t Tell and her struggles with mandated secrecy of information about government abuses of power in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The chapter reads Manning’s truth-telling, and her connection between public and private, not as simply an attempt to state or reveal facts, but also as an enactment of herself, as a gender nonconforming person and a person resistant to the army’s articulation of the national interest, as a proper speaker and defender of the public good. Yet her leaking aims not to restore institutions to normal functioning, but rather to transform the world so that she and her truths can be seen as significant.
The Fold of Affect
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter develops a theory of how affective folds can emerge from the confluences of material flows through “junctions” and conjoin with one another to produce larger conjunctions or images. Matter flows and folds into affects, which conjoin into images. The concept of the affective fold developed in this chapter provides us with a kinesthetics of the processes by which confluent flows of matter are capable of taking on a regional homeorhetic stability in cycles and combining with one another in conjunctions to produce larger metastable composites or images. Once matter flows into relatively stable events and constellations, we have a surface or sensorium within which certain events can be habitually repeated in the form of persisting affective folds. But it is only with the conjunction of these affects that the affects can be attached to one another and thus said to be qualities of a sensed image.
The Ancient Image, I
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter and the next argue that a kinesthetic shift occurred in the arts from a centripetal to a more centrifugal pattern of motion during the ancient period. This claim is supported by looking closely at the kinetic patterns produced by six major aesthetic fields that define the ancient image, the first three of which are discussed in this chapter: written verse, tragedy, and metallurgy (the city, the chordophone, and pharmakon are discussed in the next chapter). The argument here is that each of these major fields is defined predominately by a distinctly centrifugal pattern of motion and a formal aesthetics. Although all ancient arts relied on modeling, no one art was modeled on another. Rather, just like the prehistoric arts, the ancient arts entered into a kinesthetic resonance pattern or regime of motion. In the ancient period, this was broadly, although not exclusively, a centrifugal regime of motion.
Tensional Relation
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that the kinetic relation between different aesthetic forms is defined by a “relational image.” Relation, however, is not a distinct autonomous flow that simply occurs between contrasting aesthetic forms. Kinesthetic relations permeate, define, and order the forms themselves. Abstract and concrete forms rise to dominance in antiquity, but the order and relation of these forms to one another only becomes the primary focus of art during the medieval and early modern periods. This chapter offers first a preliminary and more general definition of kinetic relation, which is then historically developed in the next two chapters. In short, kinesthetic relations or linkages keep distinct aesthetic forms or fields of images both together and apart—distinct, contrasted, and yet moving together in ordered correlation. Relation is present in all works of art, but during the medieval and early modern period, relation becomes one of the most primary and constitutive features of the historical aesthetic field. The goal of this chapter is to prepare a description of the conceptual and kinetic features that define this period of the image: tensional motion, illumination, and contrast.
The Medieval Image, II
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter continues the thesis of Chapter 10 in demonstrating that a kinesthetic shift occurred in the arts from a centrifugal to a more tensional pattern of motion over the course of the Middle Ages. This chapter demonstrates that same thesis in the arts of perspective, keyboard music, and epistolography. The argument is that each of these major fields is defined predominately by a distinctly tensional pattern of motion and a relational aesthetics. All the newly dominant arts of the Middle Ages are defined by the kinesthetic pattern of relational or linked tensional motions holding images together and apart. The brilliant insight of the Middle Ages is that aesthetic form is nothing other than the polygonal intersection of a network of material kinetic relations.
Elastic Difference
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to prepare a description of the conceptual and kinetic features that define this historical period of the image. The subsequent two chapters of section D then demonstrate the same thesis empirically and historically. The theory of kinesthetic difference is thus defined by three interrelated features: difference, elastic motion, and seriality. Thus, difference, elasticity, and seriality are the three defining kinesthetic features of modern art.
Conclusion
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book, summarizing its three main contributions: the kinetic theory of the image, the kinetic history of the image, and a theory of the contemporary kinetic image. The chapter also recapitulates the limits of the project and offers suggestions for future applications of the kinesthetic project more broadly. The advent of the digital image, defined by a continuous flow of electricity, forces us to see that the image is not and never has been a representation of a static model. Images have always had a material agency. Movement, and not representation, has always been central to the image, making possible a new materialist aesthetics.
Introduction
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the principles that guide the reading of Hume in this volume. (1) The Cover Principle: Hume is providing a cognitive science, not metaphysics, epistemology, or ethics. (2) The Skeptical Inversion Principle: Hume is a Pyrrhonian skeptic, and takes our practices to have no ground but custom. (3) The Centrality of Custom Principle: custom is the key to Hume’s account of normativity and of our epistemic and moral practices, and the term denotes both individual habit and social convention. (4) The nominalist Pseudo-idea Principle: Hume often takes us not to have the ideas we think we have, but rather to confuse customs for using words with ideas. (5) The Principle of the Uniformity of Method: Hume uses a consistent philosophical method throughout the Treatise.
The Passions
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins the exploration of Book II of the Treatise. It explores and explains the distinctions between calm and violent passions and between direct and indirect passions, as they are drawn in Book II, and connects Hume’s accounts to those of Hutcheson and Shaftesbury, demonstrating both the senses in which he follows their respective accounts, and those in which he differs. It also discusses the nature of the self as the object of the passions, and explains how Hume takes the passions to be involved in the social construction of the person, showing that Hume does believe that persons are real, and are constructed socially.
Causality
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Hume’s account of causality. It explores the argument in 1.3.14 in detail and shows how Hume’s skepticism and naturalism are joined by his account of custom in both its habitual and social senses to provide an account of how we engage in causal reasoning despite having no idea of necessary connection or of causation itself. This reconstruction of the argument demonstrates that Hume is neither arguing for nor against the thesis that there are causal connections; instead, he is examining the origin of our conviction that causal explanation is possible. He demonstrates that that conviction is grounded not in any knowledge of causal links in nature, but in our own cognitive architecture.
Skepticism with Regard to Reason
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the account in Treatise 1.4.1 of skepticism with regard to reason. It shows that in this section, despite his protestations to the contrary, Hume is a consistent Pyrrhonian skeptic, and that his account is not purely negative. Instead, the chapter shows that he demonstrates that custom is the ground for our legitimate confidence in reason. I argue that he intends not to undermine our confidence in reason, but instead to relocate the source of that confidence. Reason, he argues, is neither self-justifying nor capable of being rationally justified from outside. Nonetheless, we are warranted in trusting reason, a warrant conferred by custom.
Personal Identity and Philosophical Method
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the discussion of the self and personal identity in 1.4.6, and does so in the context of the discussion in Book II. It shows that the structure of Hume’s account and argument is completely consistent with those regarding causation, reason, and the external world. He is concerned primarily not with questions of metaphysics, but with the psychology of our self-understanding. His account is Pyrrhonian, involving a classical skeptical inversion, and he will argue that in fact we fail to have an idea we take ourselves to have—the idea of a self. Our thinking about ourselves is instead to be explained with reference to the operation of custom. The chapter closes with attention to Hume’s explicit reflections on philosophical methodology.
The Appendix
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Readers of the Treatise have long been perplexed by the appendix, in which Hume seems to recant his position on personal identity. Hume himself, while expressing some reservations about the arguments he advances in Book I of the Treatise, never rebuts or withdraws any of these arguments; he only doubts their conclusion. Second, he never replaces the account with any other. These facts at best suggest his ambivalence. Moreover, were he to recant these arguments, given the complete consistency in method in the Treatise as a whole, it is not at all clear that he would be entitled to any of the principal arguments or conclusions of the Treatise, inasmuch as all proceed from the same foundations via analogous reasoning. This chapter shows that this volume’s reading of the Treatise allows Hume a reply to his second thoughts, even if it is a reply he himself did not consider.
Handling Foreign Fighters
Authors: Mironova Vera 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There are several major benefits foreign fighters, and only foreign fighters, can offer armed groups. They have knowledge and experience that the local population does not have and have connections in the international war industry. Usually they are more dedicated to their goals. Foreigners are better at raising funds in their home communities and thus provide armed groups with additional source of income. Finally, they can be successfully used by armed groups for propaganda purposes. On the other hand, it is much harder for the leaders of an armed group to manage foreigners versus locals. First, foreign fighters often do not speak the local language and are not familiar with the terrain. Second, they could have problems with the locals. Third, their presence in the group could decrease overall group cohesion. Fourth, they could be recruited as spies by foreign intelligence agencies more easily than locals. And finally, foreign fighters often joined the conflict with different motives than those of local fighters, which could lead to differences in combat strategy and tactics.
Rebel CEOs and Managers
Authors: Mironova Vera 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human resource policies are developed and implemented by a group’s leaders, making leaders a crucial factor in a successful armed group. This means that a successful group will aspire to have the most effective top-level and midlevel leadership. There is a broad gap here between successful and unsuccessful groups. Successful groups are able to find or internally promote the most qualified people, learn from their own mistakes and the mistakes of others, and build a functioning organization, while unsuccessful ones fail to do so. Unsuccessful groups think that meritocracy is not the most effective system for choosing leaders. Other unsuccessful groups, while realizing the importance of choosing the most qualified candidates, cannot always find or recognize people with the right qualifications.
Maternal Optimism
Authors: Greenberg Danna , Ladge Jamie J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Every working mother’s path is unique and should be celebrated, not lamented. Yet all too frequently, working mothers are presented with advice, rules to follow, or guidelines as if all our experiences are the same. The goal of this book is to provide readers with stories and research that support the notion of owning and feeling confident in the choices they make as they navigate a series of work and family transitions. Furthermore, we often reduce work/life challenges to a single point in time, such as the decision to return to work after the birth of a child. However, work and family decisions are anything but stagnant. They shift as life and careers shift and are often filled with unpredictable events. By understanding and anticipating these shifts, working mothers can develop the resiliency they need at home and at work. We hope women will pick up this book at times when they may not be feeling confident, when they may regret a choice, or when they are stepping into an unknown situation, so that they can reframe any negative emotions they may be feeling in a more positive light. We believe that if women approach uncertainty about their current or future state with hope, rather than fear, they will have a greater likelihood of living life with maternal optimism.
Making Workplace Flexibility Work
Authors: Ladge Jamie , Greenberg Danna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the topic of flexible work arrangements. Workplace flexibility is often romanticized as an answer to all the challenges working mothers face. While flexibility can be particularly helpful to working mothers as they integrate work and family, it also introduces new complexities working mothers need to consider. This chapter helps women develop a more comprehensive understanding of workplace flexibility. We start with an overview of the different types of flexibility and some of the benefits and challenges women have experienced with these varied work arrangements. We go on to introduce strategies women can put in place to take advantage of a flexible work arrangement and to ensure they are negotiating workplace flexibility in such a way that they don’t trade flexibility for compensation.