bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homografts versus stentless bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position: a multicentre propensity-matched comparison in patients younger than 20 years†
Authors: Marathe Supreet P , Bell Douglas , Betts Kim , Sayed Sajid , Dunne Benjamin , Ward Cameron , Whight Chris , Jalali Homayoun , Venugopal Prem , Andrews David , Alphonso Nelson 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of pulmonary homografts with stentless bioprosthetic valves [Medtronic Freestyle™ (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA)] in the pulmonary position in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) younger than 20 years.

METHODS
Between January 2000 and December 2017, 215 patients were retrospectively identified from hospital databases in 3 congenital heart centres in Australia. Valve performance was evaluated using standard criteria. Propensity score matching was used to balance the 2 treatment groups.

RESULTS
Freedom from reintervention for patients who received a pulmonary homograft (n = 163) was 96%, 88% and 81% at 5, 10 and 15 years and for patients who received a Freestyle™ valve (n = 52) was 98%, 89% and 31% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Freedom from structural valve degeneration for patients with a homograft was 92%, 87% and 77% at 5, 10 and 15 years and for patients with a Freestyle valve was 96%, 80% and 14% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. In the first 10 years, there was no difference in outcomes [reintervention hazard ratios (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.20–2.42), P = 0.56; structural valve degeneration HR = 0.92 (0.34–2.51), P = 0.87]. After 10 years, the recipients of the Freestyle valves were at higher risk of both outcomes [reintervention HR = 7.89; 95% CI (2.79–22.34), P < 0.001; structural valve degeneration HR = 7.41 (2.77–19.84), P < 0.001]. The findings were similar when analysed by implantation in the orthotopic position and in the propensity-matched groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The Freestyle stentless bioprosthetic valve is a comparable alternative to cryopreserved pulmonary homografts up to 10 years after implantation when implanted in an orthotopic pulmonary position in patients younger than 20 years with CHD.
Decomposition Rules for the Ring of Representations of Non-Archimedean GLn
Authors: Gurevich Maxim 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Let $\mathcal{R}$ be the Grothendieck ring of complex smooth finite-length representations of the sequence of p-adic groups $\{GL_n(F)\}_{n=0}^\infty $, with multiplication defined through parabolic induction. We study the problem of the decomposition of products of irreducible representations in $\mathcal{R}$. We obtain a necessary condition on irreducible factors of a given product by introducing a width invariant. Width $1$ representations form the previously studied class of ladder representations. We later focus on the case of a product of two ladder representations, for which we establish that all irreducible factors appear with multiplicity one. Finally, we propose a general rule for the composition series of a product of two ladder representations and prove its validity for cases in which the irreducible factors correspond to smooth Schubert varieties.
Prostanoids and leukotrienes in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Honda Tetsuya , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Lipid mediators, such as prostanoids and leukotrienes (LTs), exert a range of actions through their own receptors on cell surfaces in various pathophysiological conditions. It has been reported that the production of prostanoids and LTs is significantly elevated in the skin lesions of some chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, showing the possible involvement of these lipid mediators in the development of those diseases. Although the actual significance of these lipid mediators in humans is still unclear, the findings from studies in mice suggest diverse roles of the lipid mediators in the progression or regulation of these diseases. For example, in a mouse AD model, prostaglandin D2 inhibits the induction of Th2 cells through DP receptor on Langerhans cells, while it promotes infiltration of Th2 cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells. In a psoriasis model, thromboxane A2-TP signaling promotes psoriatic dermatitis by facilitating IL-17 production from γδ T cells. In this short review, we summarize the current findings on the roles of prostanoids and LTs in AD and psoriasis as revealed by studies in mice, and discuss the potential of these lipid mediators as therapeutic targets in humans.
Antigen presentation and adaptive immune responses in skin
Authors: Honda Tetsuya , Egawa Gyohei , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
For the induction of adequate cutaneous immune responses, the antigen presentation and recognition that occur in both the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes are essential. In each process of cutaneous immune responses, several distinct subsets of immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, are involved, and they elicit their respective functions in a harmonious manner. For example, in the elicitation phase of cutaneous acquired immunity, immune cells form a specific lymphoid structure named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT) to facilitate efficient antigen presentation in situ. In this short review, we will overview the mechanisms of how antigens are presented and how cutaneous adaptive immune responses are conducted in the skin, especially focusing on contact hypersensitivity, a prototypic adaptive immune response in the skin.
Prevalence of Aggression in Displaced Syrian Adolescents Attending Afternoon Public Schools in Beirut
Authors: Bouclaous Carmel , El Safadi Ali , Basbous Mazen , Haddad Iskander , Mahdi Ahmad , Zibara Victor , Ghazi Rabih , Naamani Karim , El Karaaoui Jalal , Salameh Rim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe assessed aggression in displaced Syrian adolescents, aged 11 years and above, enrolled in Beirut's public schools during 2017–2018. Of 729 parental consent forms distributed in nine randomly selected schools, 368 (50.5%) parents accepted to involve their children. Eventually, the revised Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire was used to assess physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility in 178 boys and 182 girls. Scores were interpreted based on the adolescents' age, sex, year of arrival to Lebanon, and Syrian governorate from which they migrated last. Twenty four percent of participants scored high on aggression measurements. Boys had significantly higher scores than girls on verbal aggression (p=0.001), hostility (p=0.003) and total aggression (p=0.007). When other variables were held constant, adolescents who fled to Lebanon in the early days of the Syrian war had significantly higher levels of verbal aggression (p=0.044), hostility (p=0.028) and total aggression (p=0.007) than those who arrived later. Anger scores were not particularly affected by variables in our regression model. Adolescents from Idlib, Daraa, and Aleppo were predicted to have increased physical aggression scores. Verbal aggression scores were predicted to rise for adolescents from Daraa and Aleppo while other districts had a protective effect. These adolescents have witnessed the harshness and inhumanity of war, and have survived life-changing traumatic events. In view of our results, we recommend the introduction of a school-based universal cognitive behavioral intervention to reduce aggression in this vulnerable group both in Lebanon and upon their return to Syria.
The politics of migrant dispersal. Dividing and policing migrant multiplicities
Authors: Tazzioli Martina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the politics of migrant dispersal that has been enforced in Europe for regaining control over ‘unruly’ migrants’ presence and movements, with a specific focus on the French and on the Italian contexts. The article shows that dispersal can be considered as a spatial strategy of governmentality and that far from being a new policy, it was already adopted to manage former colonised populations. The article argues that strategies of migrant dispersal are today enacted by state authorities, in collaboration with humanitarian actors, for troubling migrants’ presence and autonomous movements, as well as for disrupting and dividing temporary migrant collective formations. First, it retraces a colonial genealogy of dispersal, as a political technology used for disciplining unruly populations. Then, it analyses how dispersal strategies have been put into place in France (Calais and Paris) and in Italy (Ventimiglia) not only by scattering migrants across space but also by dismantling migrant spaces of life (‘lieux de vie’). The article moves on demonstrating that the politics of dispersal is mainly enforced for preventing the consolidation of migrant multiplicities, criminalising them as ‘migrant mobs’ and spatially dividing them. The third section of the article brings attention to the effects of migrants’ forced hypermobility and to the convoluted geographies that dispersal triggers. It concludes by bringing attention to the increasing criminalisation of migrant support networks that try to prevent the dismantling of migrant autonomous spaces.
Cloning of a gene-edited macaque monkey by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cai Yijun , Liao Zhaodi , Xu Yuting , Wang Yan , Wang Zhanyang , Jiang Xiaoyu , Li Yuzhuo , Lu Yong , Nie Yanhong , Zhang Xiaotong , Li Chunyang , Bian Xinyan , Poo Mu-ming , Chang Hung-Chun , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cloning of macaque monkeys by somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) allows the generation of monkeys with uniform genetic backgrounds that are useful for the development of non-human primate models of human diseases. Here, we report the feasibility of this approach by SCNT of fibroblasts from a macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis), in which a core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 was knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 gene editing (see accompanying paper). Out of 325 SCNT embryos transferred into 65 surrogate monkeys, we cloned five macaque monkeys with BMAL1 mutations in both alleles without mosaicism, with nuclear genes identical to that of the fibroblast donor monkey. Further peripheral blood mRNA analysis confirmed the complete absence of the wild-type BMAL1 transcript. This study demonstrates that the SCNT approach could be used to generate cloned monkeys from fibroblasts of a young adult monkeys and paves the way for the development of macaque monkey disease models with uniform genetic backgrounds.
HCV Screening and Treatment Uptake Among Patients in HIV Care During 2014–2015
Authors: Radwan Daniel , Cachay Edward , Falade-Nwulia Oluwaseun , Moore Richard D. , Westergaard Ryan , Mathews William Christopher , Aberg Judith , Cheever Laura , Gebo Kelly A. ,   for the HIV Research Network
Published: January 2019

Background:
Despite the high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons living with HIV (PWH), the prevalence of HCV screening, treatment, and sustained virologic response (SVR) is unknown. This study aims to characterize the continuum of HCV screening and treatment among PWH in HIV care.

Setting:
Adult patients enrolled at 12 sites of the HIV Research Network located in 3 regions of the United States were included.

Methods:
We examined the prevalence of HCV screening, HCV coinfection, direct-acting antiretroviral (DAA) treatment, and SVR-12 between 2014 and 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify characteristics associated with outcomes, adjusted for site.

Results:
Among 29,071 PWH (age 18–87, 74.8% male, 44.4% black), 77.9% were screened for HCV antibodies; 94.6% of those screened had a confirmatory HCV RNA viral load test. Among those tested, 61.1% were determined to have chronic HCV. We estimate that only 23.4% of those eligible for DAA were prescribed DAA, and only 17.8% of those eligible evidenced initiating DAA treatment. Those who initiated treatment achieved SVR-12 at a rate of 95.2%. Blacks and people who inject drugs (PWID) were more likely to be screened for HCV than whites or those with heterosexual risk. Persons older than 40 years, whites, Hispanics, and PWID [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 8.70 (7.74 to 9.78)] were more likely to be coinfected than their counterparts. When examining treatment with DAA, persons older than 50 years, on antiretroviral therapy [AOR 2.27 (1.11 to 4.64)], with HIV-1 RNA <400 [AOR 2.67 (1.71 to 4.18)], and those with higher Fib-4 scores were more likely to be treated with DAA.

Conclusions:
Although rates of screening for HCV among PWH are high, screening remains far from comprehensive. Rates of SVR were high, consistent with previously published literature. Additional programs to improve screening and make treatment more widely available will help reduce the impact of HCV morbidity among PWH.
Exaggerated in vivo IL-17 responses discriminate recall responses in active TB
Authors: Pollara Gabriele , Turner Carolin T , Tomlinson Gillian S , Bell Lucy CK , Khan Ayesha , Peralta Luis Felipe , Folino Anna , Akarca Ayse , Venturini Cristina , Baker Tina , Ricciardolo Fabio LM , Marafioti Teresa , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , Moore David AJ , Chain Benjamin M , Noursadeghi Mahdad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHost immune responses at the site ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection serve to contain the pathogen, but also mediate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and onward transmission of infection. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) responses do not discriminate between protection and pathogenicity, but IL-17A/F responses, known to drive pathology in diverse chronic inflammatory diseases, have also been associated with TB pathogenesis in animal models. At the site of in vivo immune recall responses to Mtb modelled by the tuberculin skin test, we show for the first time that active TB in humans is also associated with exaggerated IL-17A/F expression, accumulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A/F bioactivity, including increased neutrophil recruitment and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression directly implicated in TB pathogenesis. These features discriminate recall responses in patients with active TB from those with cured or latent infection and are also evident at the site of TB disease. Our data support targeting of this pathway in host-directed therapy for TB.
Development of a sequence-based reference physical map of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Kishore Gali Krishna , Tar’an Bunyamin , Madoui Mohammed-Amin , van der Vossen Edwin , Oeveren Jan van , Labadie Karine , Berges Helene , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Lachagari Reddy V.B. , Burstin Judith , Warkentin Tom 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhole genome profiling (WGP) is a sequence-based physical mapping technology and uses sequence tags generated by next generation sequencing for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs of complex genomes. The physical map provides a framework for assembly of genome sequence and information for localization of genes that are difficult to find through positional cloning. To address the challenges of accurate assembly of the pea genome (~4.2 GB of which approximately 85% is repetitive sequences), we have adopted the WGP technology for assembly of a pea BAC library. Multi-dimensional pooling of 295,680 BAC clones and sequencing the ends of restriction fragments of pooled DNA generated 1,814 million high quality reads, of which 825 million were deconvolutable to 1.11 million unique WGP sequence tags. These WGP tags were used to assemble 220,013 BACs into contigs. Assembly of the BAC clones using the modified Fingerprinted Contigs (FPC) program has resulted in 13,040 contigs, consisting of 213,719 BACs, and 6,294 singleton BACs. The average contig size is 0.33 Mbp and the N50 contig size is 0.62 Mbp. WGPTM technology has proved to provide a robust physical map of the pea genome, which would have been difficult to assemble using traditional restriction digestion based methods. This sequence-based physical map will be useful to assemble the genome sequence of pea. Additionally, the 1.1 million WGP tags will support efficient assignment of sequence scaffolds to the BAC clones, and thus an efficient sequencing of BAC pools with targeted genome regions of interest.
Sensory-motor brain dynamics reflect architectural affordances
Authors: Djebbara Zakaria , Fich Lars Brorson , Petrini Laura , Gramann Klaus 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAnticipating meaningful actions in the environment is an essential function of the brain. Such predictive mechanisms originate from the motor system and allow for inferring actions from environmental affordances, the potential to act within a specific environment. Using architecture, we provide a unique perspective to the abiding debate in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy on whether cognition depends on movement or is decoupled from our physical structure. To investigate cognitive processes associated with architectural affordances, we used a Mobile Brain/Body Imaging approach recording brain activity synchronized to head-mounted virtual reality. Participants perceived and acted upon virtual transitions ranging from non-passable to easily passable. We demonstrate that early sensory brain activity, upon revealing the environment and before actual movement, differed as a function of affordances. Additionally, movement through transitions was preceded by a motor-related negative component also depended on affordances. Our results suggest that potential actions afforded by an environment influence perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy using electroencephalography and virtual reality, our research provide a unique perspective to the centurial open-ended debate in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy on the relation between cognition, movement and environment. Our results indicate that cortical potentials vary as a function of bodily affordances reflected by the physical environment. Firstly, the results of this study implies that cognition is inherently related to potential movement of the body, thus we advance that action is interrelated with perception, actively influencing the perceivable environment. Secondly, as cortical potentials are influenced by the potential to move, which in turn is the task of architectural design, architects holds largely a privilege of human health, and thus potentially capable of provoking and preventing physiological conditions.
The Caudate Nucleus Undergoes Dramatic and Unique Transcriptional Changes in Human Prodromal Huntington’s Disease Brain
Authors: Agus Filisia , Crespo Diego , Myers Richard H. , Labadorf Adam 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms underlying degeneration of the specific neurons in the striatum of Huntingon’s Disease (HD) brain are currently unknown. The striatum is massively degenerated in late stage HD, making examination of post-mortem brain tissue from symptomatic individuals problematic. Striatal tissue is largely intact in the brains of asymptomatic HD positive (HD+) gene carriers, but these samples are exceedingly rare. In this study, caudate nucleus (CAU) tissue from two asymptomatic HD+ individuals was subjected to high throughput mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) for comparison with similar datasets from symptomatic HD individuals and healthy controls. The overall transcriptional response in HD+ CAU shares much of the same response observed in HD Brodmann Area 9 (BA9) samples, an area that is relatively spared from significant degeneration. A set of differentially expressed (DE) genes predominantly related to the heat shock response are found in common between brain regions, and show much higher induction in HD+ CAU than HD BA9. The most highly perturbed pathways show near complete agreement when comparing diseased tissue with control, and a random forest classifier predicted that the two HD+ CAU samples strongly resemble HD BA9 and not control BA9. Nonetheless, when genes were prioritized by their specificity to HD+ CAU, a large number of pathways spanning many biological processes emerged. Further comparison of HD+ BA9 with HD BA9 identified genes that may be early responders to disease, and have altered expression in symptomatic individuals. This study presents the first and largest examination of asymptomatic brain gene expression to date, and suggests many new avenues of investigation into the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in HD.
Predicting disease-causing variant combinations
Authors: Papadimitriou Sofia , Gazzo Andrea , Versbraegen Nassim , Nachtegael Charlotte , Aerts Jan , Moreau Yves , Van Dooren Sonia , Nowé Ann , Smits Guillaume , Lenaerts Tom 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNotwithstanding important advances in the context of single-variant pathogenicity identification, novel breakthroughs in discerning the origins of many rare diseases require methods able to identify more complex genetic models. We present here the Variant Combinations Pathogenicity Predictor (VarCoPP), a machine-learning approach that identifies pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs (bi-locus variant combinations). We show that the results produced by this method are highly accurate and precise, an efficacy that is endorsed when validating the method on recently published independent disease-causing data. Confidence labels of 95% and 99% are identified, representing the probability of a bi-locus combination being a true pathogenic result, providing geneticists with rational markers to evaluate the most relevant pathogenic combinations and limit the search space and time. Finally, VarCoPP has been designed to act as an interpretable method that can provide explanations on why a bi-locus combination is predicted as pathogenic and which biological information is important for that prediction. This work provides an important new step towards the genetic understanding of rare diseases, paving the way to new clinical knowledge and improved patient care.