bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Anisotropic Stress Analysis during Kyropoulos Growth of Sapphire Single Crystal
Authors: Zermout S. , Mokhtari F. , Nehari A. , Lasloudji I. , Haddad F. , Merah A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy using 3D finite element calculations, numerical simulations are performed to predict the thermal field as well as the thermal stress in a c‐axis sapphire single crystal grown by Kyropoulos technique. The effects of additional resistive heating (placed under the crucible bottom) and crystal rotation are investigated and a comparison is made between the isotropic and anisotropic analysis. The anisotropy of the elastic constants and thermal expansion coefficients as well as their temperature dependence are considered in the anisotropy calculations while Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio are used in the isotropic analysis. Thermal stress is found to be smaller in the anisotropy analysis than that in the isotropic analysis and significant differences are found in their respective distribution patterns. Additional resistive heating acts to decrease both of the crystal–melt interface convexity and the von Mises stress. In addition, crystal rotation combined with additional resistive heating decreases significantly the thermal stress inside the sapphire crystal and along the melt–crystal interface. Therefore, optimizing the heating conditions and using a suitable crystal rotation rate seem to be favorable to control the growth interface shape and to reduce thermal‐stress‐related defects during the growth process.
Phytoplankton community responses to temperature fluctuations under different nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry
Authors: Gerhard Miriam , Koussoroplis Apostolos Manuel , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNutrient availability and temperature are important drivers of phytoplankton growth and stoichiometry. However, the interactive effects of nutrients and temperature on phytoplankton have been analyzed mostly by addressing changes in average temperature, whereas recent evidence suggests an important role of temperature fluctuations. In a laboratory experiment, we grew a natural phytoplankton community under fluctuating and constant temperature regimes across 25 combinations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. Temperature fluctuations decreased phytoplankton growth rate (rmax), as predicted by nonlinear averaging along the temperature–growth relationship. rmax increased with increasing P supply, and a significant temperature × P × N interaction reflected that the shape of the thermal reaction norm depended on nutrients. By contrast, phytoplankton carrying capacity increased with N supply and in fluctuating rather than constant temperature. Higher phytoplankton N:P ratios under constant temperature showed that temperature regimes affected cellular nutrient incorporation. Minor differences in species diversity and composition existed. Our results suggest that temperature variability interacts with nutrient supply to affect phytoplankton physiology and stoichiometry at the community level.
Effect of soil heterogeneity and endogenous processes on plant spatial structure
Authors: Schouten Olivia S. , Houseman Gregory R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithin communities, organisms potentially self‐organize through endogenous processes that create nonrandom spatial structure as they interact with one another or modify the abiotic environment. In contrast, exogenous processes such as environmental heterogeneity or variable immigration are thought to be dominant processes controlling these spatial patterns. Although both endogenous and exogenous processes likely occur, their relative importance is still largely unknown because of limited analytical tools and the lack of experimental evidence, particularly those that address exogenous sources of environmental heterogeneity. Here, we used a soil heterogeneity experiment to examine the relative effect of endogenous and exogenous processes on plant spatial structure after five years of community assembly. Soil heterogeneity was manipulated by splitting the vertical soil profile into three soil‐types that were randomly assigned to 40 × 40 cm patches within 2.4 × 2.4 m plots. Homogeneous plots were created by mixing all soils before filling each patch. Thirty‐four grassland species were then sown into all plots and allowed to grow for five years after which the location of all plants was mapped using a 5 × 5 cm grid. Results from point‐pattern spatial analysis indicated that, even in the absence of soil heterogeneity and with initial seed arrival, spatial structure was primarily generated by endogenous processes. Although soil heterogeneity increased species aggregation at certain scales, most of the spatial structure was created by endogenous processes. These results suggest that endogenous processes may be more important than expected for generating spatial structure and can develop much faster than anticipated.
Re‐evaluating pattern and process to understand resilience in transitional mixed conifer forests
Authors: Meunier Jed , Holoubek Nathan S. , Brown Peter M. , Sebasky Megan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA key challenge to maintaining resilient landscapes is adapting to and maintaining dynamic ecological processes. In fire‐dependent ecosystems, this includes identifying and defining mechanisms through which fire influences forest structure and functionality. Interpretations of tree patterns via land survey records in the Lake States have often highlighted the importance of infrequent moderate to extreme disturbance events. However, historical survey methods are limited to observing higher severity disturbances and over large landscapes, thus it is not clear if the origin, structure, and forcing factors for either patterns or processes are adequately quantified by these methods. We used dendrochronological methods to determine how fire history and stand structure, including cohort structure, tree density, and spatial patterning, are linked within Lake States mixed conifer forests in Wisconsin. We found relatively short mean fire return intervals (MFRIs) ranging from 6 to 13 yr with little variation in fire frequency among sites. Current densities of red‐pine‐dominated forests are 4–37 times historical (ca. 1860) densities (mean 12×) and almost entirely spatially random, whereas historically forests were spatially aggregated at stand scales. Stands also contained multiple and/or loosely defined cohort structures suggesting very different controls operating historically than currently. Heterogeneity that helped maintain ecosystem resilience in these ecosystems historically came from frequent fire disturbance processes that affected stand‐scale forest resistance. This was likely the historical dynamic across fire‐adapted transitional pine forests of the Lake States.
Stripped Charge of Ag Less than Deposited one Owing to Negative Capacitance Caused by Redox Reactions
Authors: Aoki Koichi Jeremiah , Chen Jingyuan , Wang Ru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnodic stripping voltammetry was made in AgNO3 solution, here Ag was deposited under long term potentiostatic conditions to evaluate the reduction charge, qr, and then was stripped by linear sweep voltammetry to determine the oxidation charge, qo. The charges were unbalanced, satisfying ca. qo=0.7|qr|, where other possible reduction charge such as by dioxygen and dichlorosilver were subtracted. The 30 % loss of the anodic charge can be ascribed to the negative capacitance by the potential sweep generation of Ag+. The generated Ag+ forms a dipole with a counter ion, of which orientation is the same as the direction of the externally applied electric field and opposite to the dipoles of solvent. The redox dipole decreases the conventional double layer capacitance caused by solvent dipoles, and high concentrations of Ag+ takes the capacitance to be negative values. The unbalanced charge, however, has no influence on quantitative determination of concentrations Ag+ by use of a calibration line.
First Electroanalytical Methodology for the Determination of Hordenine in Dietary Supplements using a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Allahverdiyeva Shabnam , Keskin Ertuğrul , Pınar Pınar Talay , Yardım Yavuz , Şentürk Zühre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present work describes the first electrochemical investigation and a simple, rapid and modification‐free electroanalytical methodology for quantification of hordenine (a potent phenylethylamine alkaloid) using a boron‐doped diamond electrode. At optimized square‐wave voltammetric parameters, the observed oxidation peak current in 0.1 M HClO4 at +1.33 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) increased linearly from 5.0 to 100 μg mL−1 (3.0×10−5–6.1×10−4 M), with detection limit of 1.3 μg mL−1 (7.8×10−6 M). The applicability of the developed method was tested with the determination of hordenine in the commercial dietary supplement formulations.
Computational investigation of flame extension height for horizontally oriented rectangular source jet fires impinging on a vertical plate
Authors: Huang Youbo , Li Yanfeng , Dong Bingyan , Li Junmei 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the flame extension height induced by a horizontally oriented rectangular source fire impinging on a vertical plate, which has rarely been reported in literature. Focusing on the scenarios with nonimpinging flame lengths that are comparable with or larger than the plate‐source distance, a series of numerical experiments were conducted, in which the exit velocities varied from 27.5 to 125 m/s and the orifice aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 4. Results show that the flame extension height increases with increasing exit velocity and becomes larger with increasing orifice aspect ratio at a given fuel exit velocity. New correlations are proposed to predict the flame extension height based on the unburnt fuel after impinging, assuming a kite flame shape of circular and elliptical cross section. Moreover, the new proposed correlations provide a general and practical basis for estimating the flame extension height of horizontally oriented rectangular source impinging jet fires.
Hallmarks of cancer: Tumor budding as a sign of invasion and metastasis in head and neck cancer
Authors: Mäkitie Antti A. , Almangush Alhadi , Rodrigo Juan P. , Ferlito Alfio , Leivo Ilmo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasion and metastasis are hallmarks of cancer. The concept of tumor budding at tumor‐host interface has been documented in many carcinomas. A growing body of evidence indicates that tumor budding is a sign of invasion and early step for metastasis of many epithelial cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, recent research has underlined the importance of tumor budding as a promising prognosticator in HNSCC. This review summarizes the findings regarding tumor budding in HNSCC and focuses on the role of tumor budding in invasion and metastasis. Also, we highlight the prognostic significance of tumor budding in HNSCC and its potential for improving clinical decision making in terms of recommending optimal individualized treatment for this patient population.
Very late xerostomia, dysphagia, and neck fibrosis after head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: Baudelet Margot , Van den Steen Leen , Tomassen Peter , Bonte Katrien , Deron Philippe , Huvenne Wouter , Rottey Sylvie , De Neve Wilfried , Sundahl Nora , Van Nuffelen Gwen , Duprez Fréderic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute and late toxicity after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) impacts on patient quality of life; yet, very late toxicity data remain scarce. This study assessed dysphagia, xerostomia, and neck fibrosis 3‐8 years after IMRT.MethodsA retrospective analysis using generalized estimated equations was performed on 60 patients with HNC treated with fractionated IMRT between 2000 and 2015 who had a follow‐up ≥8 years. Toxicity was scored using LENT‐SOMA scales.ResultsA trend towards a nonlinear global time effect (P= .05) was noted for dysphagia with a decrease during the 5 years post‐treatment and an increase thereafter. A significant decrease in xerostomia (P= .001) and an increase in neck fibrosis (P= .04) was observed until 8 years.ConclusionsDysphagia, xerostomia, and neck fibrosis do not appear stable over time and remain highly prevalent in the very late follow‐up. Our findings support the need for prospective trials investigating very late toxicity in patients with HNC.
Photo‐assisted electrochemical hydrogen evolution by plasmonic Ag nanoparticle/nanorod heterogeneity
Authors: Wu Hao , Alshareef Husam N. , Zhu Ting 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransition metal sulfide‐based hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts still lag in catalytic activity due to the zero‐deviated free energy of *H adsorption. Plasmonic metals bridge the gap between light utilization and plasmon‐mediated redox reactions for substantially enhanced electrocatalytic activity. In this work, a strategic broadband light utilization heterostructure, composed of two distinct Ag nanostructures (discontinuous Ag nanorods and monodispersed nanoparticles), is achieved through in situ sulfurization and metal leaching. The heterostructure benefits the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactivity thanks to the localized surface plasmon resonance induced hot electrons injection and inter‐gap electric fields revealed by the finite‐difference time‐domain simulation. Experimentally, the prudent heterostructured catalyst exhibits a significantly improved overpotential (at 10 mA cm−2) from 151 to 95 mV along with a Tafel slope from 74 to 45 mV dec−1 toward hydrogen evolution. Significantly, this instructional study sheds light on the design of hybrid photo‐assisted electrocatalysts with cooperative effect of solar energy toward sustainable electrocatalysis.
LncRNA RMST activates TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB signaling and promotes activation of microglial cells via competitively binding with hnRNPK
Authors: Sun Xiu‐Lan , Wang Zhao‐Lu , Wu Qian , Jin Shan‐Quan , Yao Juan , Cheng Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the biological role and molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) rhabdomyosarcoma 2‐associated transcript (RMST) in regulating microglial activation. Mouse microglial BV2 cells were cultured to establish the cell model of cerebral ischemic stroke by oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We observed highly expressed RMST, increased expression of M1, and decreased expression of M2 markers in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with OGD. These alterations were reversed by RMST knockdown. Activation of transforming growth factor‐beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1)‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was observed upon OGD stimulation, which was promoted by RMST through competitively binding with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK), confirmed by RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Furthermore, RMST overexpressing‐BV2 cells effectively enhanced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, RMST promoted OGD‐induced microglial M1 polarization by competitively interacting with hnRNPK via TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB pathway, which will provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases.
Nano‐LC based proteomic approach identifies that E6AP interacts with ENO1 and targets it for degradation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Mishra Mukul , Sharma Akshay , Thacker Gatha , Trivedi Arun K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractE6AP (E6 associated protein) is a HECT domain containing protein having dual E3 ligase and ERα coactivation activity in breast cancer cells. Although E6AP is known to possess antitumorigenic activity, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we applied nano‐LC based proteomics approach to identify E6AP‐interacting proteins where we performed GST‐pull down using GST‐E6AP from whole cell extracts of MCF7 cells, resolved the differentially interacting proteins on 1D‐SDS‐PAGE, excised the gel bands that were trypsin digested followed by fractionation and spotting on MALDI‐TOF/TOF plate through Nano‐LC MALDI spotter. Subsequently, fractionated and spotted peptides were identified using MALDI‐TOF/TOF. We identified several E6AP interacting proteins including previously reported such as HSP70 and new ones such as Enolase‐1. We further confirmed that E6AP and Enolase1 interacted and colocalized more in the cytoplasmic periphery in breast cancer cells and further demonstrated that E6AP also targeted ENO1 for ubiquitin‐mediated degradation in these cells.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles exert selective toxicity on skin mitochondria and lysosomes isolated from the mouse model of melanoma
Authors: Rahimi Shabnam , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Mousavi Zahra , Ashtari Khadijeh , Seydi Enayatollah , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO‐NPs) are progressively used for an immense number of new applications in modern industries sectors. Nevertheless, the toxic impact of NiO‐NPs has not been clearly elucidated on human melanoma cell lines at the cellular and molecular level. Hence, this study was designed to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity potentials of NiO‐NPs on malignant cutaneous melanoma (MCM) mitochondria. Results revealed that NiO‐NPs significantly increased reactive oxygen species level, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity, glutathione level, and ATP content on skin mitochondria isolated from the mouse model of melanoma compared with the non‐cancerous mouse skin mitochondria. Our results revealed that NiO‐NPs induced lysosomal membrane labialization on mentioned mitochondria. The current study showed that NiO‐NPs could significantly induce selective cytotoxicity on MCM mitochondria. Therefore, this compound may be considered as a promising candidate for further in vivo and clinical studies to reach a new anti‐MCM drug.
Analysis of the atomic force microscopy vibration behavior using the Timoshenko theory by multi‐scale method in the air environment
Authors: Korayem A. H. , Imani F. , Korayem Moharram H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article deals with the modeling and simulation of the vibration behavior of piezoelectric micro‐cantilever (MC) based on the Timoshenko theory and using multi‐scale (MTS) method in the air environment. In this regard, the results are compared with the previous literature, such as the finite element method and the MTS method. The analysis of the piezoelectric MC vibrating behavior is investigated in a dynamical mode including non‐contact and tapping modes. The dynamics of this system is affected by interferential forces between probe tip and sample surface, such as van der Waals, capillary, and contact forces. According to the results, the forces applied to the probe tip reduce the amplitude and the resonance frequency. The simulation of surface topography in non‐contact mode and tapping for rectangular and wedge‐shaped roughness in the air environment are presented. Various experiments have been conducted in Ara research Company using the atomic force microscopy device in the amplitude mode. In the NSC15 Cantilever, the first natural frequency is derived from the results of the MC simulation based on Timoshenko beam theory, the practical results are 295.85 and 296.12 kHz, and the error rate is 0.09; at higher natural frequencies, the error rate has been increased. The
γ
f coefficient is a measure of the nonlinear effects on the system; the effect of the piezoelectric length and width on
γ
f coefficient is also investigated.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and colorectal cancer prognosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Xin‐Lin , Wang Yu‐Mei , Zhao Fei , Chen Zheng , Yang Xiaofei , Sun Cong , Gao Yunpeng , Yang Tian‐Ge , Tian Guo , Chen Yi‐Ming , Zhu Shui‐Lian , Lin Xiao‐Bing , Liu Feng‐Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study focused on understanding the prognostic value of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1801133 (C667T) and rs1801131 (A1298C) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in March 2016. Databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and Chinese databases (including CNKI, Wanfang and VIP), were searched to identify the relevant articles describing MTHFR polymorphisms in patients with CRC. Data regarding overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were collected and analysed.ResultsTwenty‐four studies with 5423 patients with CRC were included. Significant differences in OS, PFS and DFS were not observed among the different comparisons of patients carrying different alleles of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism (including TT versus CC, TT versus CT + CC, CT + TT versus CC and CT versus CC). Compared with patients with the rs1801131 CA + AA genotypes, patients with the CC genotype had a shorter OS (hazard ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.30–2.65) and DFS (hazard ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval= 1.19–3.93). Significant differences in OS, PFS and DFS were not observed among the other patient groups (including CC versus AA, CC + CA versus AA and CA versus AA). Subgroup analysis of rs1801133 and rs1801131 showed that patients with CRC from Asian regions and Western regions demonstrated similar results.ConclusionsThe MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was not associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC; however, rs1801131 may be associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC. Well‐designed prospective studies are necessary to obtain a better understanding of the prognostic value of rs1801133 and rs1801131.