bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kierkegaard’s Existential Conception of the Relationship Between Philosophy and Christianity
Authors: Li Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the implications of Kierkegaard’s concern with the existential meaning of Christianity on his treatment of the relationship between philosophy and theology. It will be argued that Kierkegaard offers an existential corrective to the predominantly scholarly-scientific engagement with this debate, to point to the much more serious matter of the individual’s existence and the impossible difficulty and challenge that the religious sphere poses to the human being, both epistemologically and ethically. This will be shown by taking into account Kierkegaard’s definitions of the terms philosophy, theology, and Christianity, as well as the distinction he draws between objective and subjective philosophy: Whereas Kierkegaard separates from Christianity what can be termed objective philosophy (in particular Hegelian-speculative philosophy), subjective philosophy (specifically Socratic philosophy) is revealed to have a much more complex relationship to the religious sphere. Socratic philosophy’s relationship to Christianity is ultimately kept in a dynamic tension of similarity and dissimilarity, or analogy and contrast, which reflects the difficulty of Christian existence. As such, this reconceptualised debate, for Kierkegaard, does not belong within a scholarly academic context, but rather annihilates such inquiry.
Research on microstructure and forming mechanism of TiC/1Cr12Ni3Mo2V composite based on laser solid forming
Authors: Ma Wanli , Tao Fenghe , Jia Changzhi , Men Xiangdong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Samples of 1Cr12Ni3Mo2V-based composites with different TiC contents (The volume fraction of TiC were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were prepared based on laser solid forming. Thermodynamic analysis was performed to estimate the possible chemical reactions. Phase analysis and microscopic topography analysis were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Finally, the formation mechanism of microscopic appearance was analyzed. The results indicate that the TiC particles were successfully dispersed in the matrix. TiC particles mainly exist in two ways in the matrix. The large particles were not completely melted and the small particles were decomposed and then precipitated. Their shape was mainly cross, plum-shaped or dendritic distribution with different TiC contents.
Infinite dimensional generalizations of Choi’s Theorem
Authors: Friedland Shmuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper we give a simple sequence of necessary and sufficient finite dimensional conditions for a positive map between certain subspaces of bounded linear operators on separable Hilbert spaces to be completely positive. These criterions are natural generalization of Choi’s characterization for completely positive maps between pairs of linear operators on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. We apply our conditions to a completely positive map between two trace class operators on separable Hilbert spaces. A completely positive map μ is called a quantum channel, if it is trace preserving, and μ is called a quantum subchannel if it decreases the trace of a positive operator.We give simple neccesary and sufficient condtions for μ to be a quantum subchannel.We show that μ is a quantum subchannel if and only if it hasHellwig-Kraus representation. The last result extends the classical results of Kraus and the recent result of Holevo for characterization of a quantum channel.
Exploring the Role of the Lateral Gluteal Muscles in Running: Implications for Training
Authors: Fetters K. Aleisha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Gluteal-strengthening exercises are widely used for improving running performance. However, as running occurs primarily in the sagittal plane, such strength exercises have focused on the gluteus maximus and its role in producing ground reaction forces as a hip extensor. Meanwhile, strength deficits in the lateral gluteal muscles, the medius and minimus, are common among runners. This article will explore the role of the lateral gluteal muscles in running kinematics, performance, and injury, with implications for strength and conditioning professionals, sports medicine specialists, and physical therapists. Recommendations for strengthening the gluteus medius and minimus in runners will follow.
Modified Thermomechanical Triaxial Cell for Microscopic Assessment of Clay Fabric Using Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Abdelaziz Sherif L. , Jaradat Karam A. , Zeinali Seyed Morteza 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article presents a thermomechanical triaxial cell modified to fit inside a synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) beamline aiming to assess thermally induced microstructural changes in saturated clays under in situ conditions. Understanding these thermally induced microstructural alternations in clays will explain some of the poorly understood or misunderstood concepts about the thermomechanical behavior of these soils; this, in turn, will allow more robust designs of geostructures for thermal and energy applications. Compared to other techniques, synchrotron diffraction provides (1) high accuracy and sensitivity to small changes compared to benchtop XRD and (2) the ability to assess microstructure changes under in situ conditions (i.e., stress, saturation, and temperature). The design and selection of the various materials used in the modified triaxial cell are first presented. Based on this design, it is recommended to use (1) sample diameters in the 5 to 7–mm range to minimize sample disturbance during trimming and X-ray background scattering during X-ray scans and (2) a transparent cell with acrylic walls, with nitrogen gas as the confining fluid and neoprene membranes, since all considered cell wall materials (i.e., acrylic and aluminum), confining gases (i.e., nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and compressed air), and membrane materials (i.e., latex and neoprene) result in accurate diffraction measurements. The modified cell was then used to assess the changes in particle reorientations of a normally consolidated kaolinite clay after the saturation and consolidation stages as well as the heating load. The results showed that the saturation and consolidation stages reoriented the particles perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sample, which is the same direction as the pore water flowing in and out of the sample. Further particle reorientations were observed due to heating.
New Earthquake Data in the Calabrian Subduction Zone, Italy, Suggest Revision of the Presumed Dynamics in the Upper Part of the Subducting Slab
Authors: Presti Debora , Totaro Cristina , Neri Giancarlo , Orecchio Barbara 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe 14 July 2018 magnitude 4.5 southern Calabria earthquake was the only earthquake of magnitude over 4 occurring since 1985 in the same area and depth range (30–70 km) of the 1905 magnitude 7.5 earthquake previously imputed to rupture of the upper part of the Ionian subducting slab. We here apply the Bayloc nonlinear location method for accurate hypocenter location of the 2018 earthquake, and then we estimate its focal mechanism by the cut‐and‐paste waveform inversion method. Moreover, we locate all the seismicity occurring at depth <300  km in the past two decades in the study region. The results, together with the 1905 earthquake information available from previous works, are compared to the seismotomographic structure of the subduction zone taken from the literature. We find that the 2018 earthquake originated at about 60 km depth in close correspondence with the seismogenic inner core of the descending slab, whereas the 1905 earthquake took place at slightly shallower depth near the top of the slab in its elbow zone. The 2018 earthquake focal mechanism indicates down‐dip extension of the descending slab, a process compatible also with the 1905 earthquake rupture mechanism. Down‐dip extension of this upper part of the Ionian subduction slab contrasts with down‐dip compression hypothesized by the previous investigators for the entire slab. On the basis of clear necking of the descending slab and seismicity increase at depths of the order of 150 km, we propose that the slab is approaching detachment at this depth. In this scenario, the part of the slab above necking may be subjected to down‐dip extension under its own weight, which corresponds to an intermediate phase between stages c and d of the basic, Isacks and Molnar’s evolutionary model of subduction.
Cranial ornamentation of a large Brachydectes newberryi (Recumbirostra: Lysorophia) from Linton, Ohio.
Authors: Mann Arjan 
Published: July 2019

Although the cranial anatomy of the lysorophian tetrapod Brachydectes has been reported in detail recently, many attributes of the group are inadequately known, and lysorophian systematics remain unclear. One under-described aspect of the genus is the development and variation of cranial ornamentation. Whereas the smallest skulls (< 5 mm in length) lack sculpturing, ornamentation increases in progressively larger specimens and is conspicuous in the largest (> 30 mm skull length) individuals. It includes rugose ornament on the anterior cranial roof elements (frontals and anterior parietals) and pustular ornament on the posterior elements (posterior parietals and postparietals). Such ornamentation is unique within recumbirostrans and is identified as an ontogenetic feature.
Is It Rational to Study Coagulations Test Routinely before Operations and Invasive Procedure: Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Yılmaz Fergün , Karslı Tuğçe , Kiper Demet , Gediz Fusun , Payzın Bahriye 
Published: July 2019

Background: Detailed history taking, physical examination and laboratory tests are useful tools to document any abnormal bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure. Although coagulation tests are routinely used to demonstrate the pathological situations at the coagulation cascade or to follow-up the anticoagulation therapies, their role in determining the bleeding risk in preoperative patients is controversial.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patients referring to our hematology clinic at Izmir Katip Celebi University Hospital for preoperative consultation due to elevated levels of coagulation tests.
Results: Fifty-six patients with high PT/PTT levels were enrolled in this study. Twenty-six (46.4%) patients were male and 30 (53.6%) were female. The median age was 34 (18-75) years. We documented bleeding history in 12 (21.4%) patients. The patients having a bleeding history revealed mostly abnormal uterine bleeding, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding. Life threatening bleeding was not reported in any of the patients. The operations were cancelled or postponed at least one month in 38 (67.8%) and 10 (17.8%) patients, respectively. Per-operative or post-operative abnormal bleeding was not documented. We did not find any statistically significant difference between groups with or without elevated coagulation tests in terms of abnormal bleeding in the operations.
Conclusion: Coagulations tests should be studied in selected group of patients. Additionally, mildly elevated results should be interpreted carefully to decrease the rate of cancellation and delay in operations and unnecessary increase in costs.
A Strategy of Continued Antiplatelet Agents, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants Throughout the Perioperative Period of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Receiving Chronic Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Tsukada Sachiyuki , Kurosaka Kenji , Nishino Masahiro , Maeda Tetsuyuki , Hirasawa Naoyuki 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Although continuing antithrombotic therapy is desirable to prevent perioperative cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, perioperative blood loss remains a concern in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of continuing chronic antithrombotic therapy on blood loss and major bleeding events.

Methods:
We classified 201 consecutive patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty into 2 groups: (1) patients taking antiplatelet agents, vitamin K antagonists, and/or direct oral anticoagulants, referred to as the continuing antithrombotic therapy group (n = 32); and (2) patients not receiving these agents, referred to as the no antithrombotic therapy group (n = 169). During the study period, antithrombotic agents were continued perioperatively in all patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. Surgical procedures were performed without the use of a pneumatic tourniquet or drain. Screening for deep vein thrombosis was routinely performed before and after total knee arthroplasty. The total perioperative blood loss was calculated from blood volume and change in hemoglobin from preoperatively to postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.

Results:
The perioperative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty did not differ significantly between the continuing antithrombotic therapy group and the no antithrombotic therapy group at 1 day postoperatively (448 ± 213 compared with 495 ± 345 mL [95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference, −172 to 77 mL]; p = 0.45), 3 days postoperatively (841 ± 308 compared with 826 ± 328 mL [95% CI, −108 to 139 mL]; p = 0.81), and 7 days postoperatively (855 ± 313 compared with 861 ± 245 mL [95% CI, −122 to 108 mL]; p = 0.91). No patients in the continuing antithrombotic therapy group and 2 patients (1.2%) in the no antithrombotic therapy group had allogeneic blood transfusion (p = 1). No major bleeding events occurred in the continuing antithrombotic therapy group.

Conclusions:
Perioperative blood loss in patients continuing chronic antithrombotic therapy during total knee arthroplasty was not significantly different from that in patients receiving no chronic antithrombotic therapy.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Locking Plate Use with or without Strut Support for Varus Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Wang Hongshu , Rui Biyu , Lu Shengdi , Luo Congfeng , Chen Yunfeng , Chai Yimin 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Varus displaced fractures of the proximal part of the humerus, particularly in osteoporotic bone, commonly require open reduction and internal fixation. However, surgical treatment methods remain controversial and have shown inconsistent results. A fibular allograft for indirect medial reduction and strut support has been used in an effort to prevent secondary postoperative varus displacement. However, the long-term outcomes of this method require confirmation. We hypothesized that placing a fibular strut parallel to the calcar screw could increase the biomechanical stability of the medial hinge, thus preventing secondary varus deformity. In the present study, we compared the clinical outcomes of locking plate use with and without medial strut support with use of a fibular allograft for the treatment of varus humeral fractures in patients ≥65 years old.

Methods:
We compared 2 different graft techniques involving the use of fibular allografts in elderly patients with varus displaced proximal humeral fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation. The patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) the intramedullary graft group (Group A), (2) the medial hinge support group (Group B), and (3) the locking plate alone group (Group C). Clinical outcomes included the final varus angulation of the humeral head, the occurrence of major complications (screw cut-out or cut-through or osteonecrosis), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at 1 year after treatment.

Results:
A total of 128 patients were included in our study. The final varus angles were 14.7°, 13.1°, and 18.6°, for the intramedullary graft group, the medial hinge support group, and locking plate alone group, respectively. The mean ASES scores were 87.2, 88.6, and 82.2, respectively. There were differences in ASES scores between Group A and Group C as well as also between Group B and Group C. Fewer major complications were found in patients managed with locking plates in combination with intramedullary graft or medial hinge support (Group A and Group B) than in patients managed with locking plates alone (Group C).

Conclusions:
The use of a locking plate in combination with medial strut support with use of a fibular allograft reduced complications when used for the treatment of varus displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients in comparison with the use of a locking plate alone.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis on Sagittal Spinal Alignment in the General Elderly Population
Authors: Uehara Masashi , Takahashi Jun , Ikegami Shota , Tokida Ryosuke , Nishimura Hikaru , Kuraishi Shugo , Sakai Noriko , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Interest is mounting regarding diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) as the rate in the elderly increases. Although some studies have demonstrated an effect of DISH on sagittal spinal alignment, the pathogenetic mechanism remains unknown. Random sampling from the basic resident registry of a rural town for subject selection was used to investigate the impact of DISH on sagittal spinal alignment.

Methods:
Registered citizens who were 50 to 89 years of age were targeted for this survey. We divided the study population into 8 groups based on sex (male and female) and age (50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80 to 89 years) after random sampling from the resident registry of the town of Obuse in 2014. A total of 411 participants (202 male and 209 female) were enrolled and underwent a whole-spine lateral radiographic examination. We investigated the spinal level of DISH occurrence, measured sagittal spinal alignment parameters, and analyzed the effects of clinical factors on DISH using multivariate analysis.

Results:
A total of 66 participants (16.1%) were identified as having DISH in our population cohort. With regard to DISH involving the thoracic spine, sagittal vertical axis, cervical sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis, aging, and male sex were significantly associated with DISH in the univariate analysis. Aging and male sex were also independent factors according to multivariate analysis; the odds ratio (OR) was 1.70 for aging per decade and 3.75 for male sex. Sagittal vertical axis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, aging, and male sex had significant associations with DISH involving the lumbar spine in univariate analysis, with decreased lumbar lordosis (OR, 1.82), aging per decade (OR, 4.35), and male sex (OR, 10.7) as independent factors in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
In this study examining the impact of DISH on sagittal spinal alignment in a general population, decreased lumbar lordosis was significantly associated with DISH involving the lumbar spine in the healthy community-dwelling elderly population, and no sagittal spine parameters were significantly related to DISH affecting the thoracic spine.

Clinical Relevance:
When there is decreased lumbar lordosis in elderly people, we should check for the existence of DISH.
A case-crossover study to investigate the effects of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, season and air temperature on accident and emergency presentations for cardiovascular events
Authors: Contiero Paolo , Boffi Roberto , Tagliabue Giovanna , Scaburri Alessandra , Tittarelli Andrea , Bertoldi Martina , Borgini Alessandro , Favia Immacolata , Ruprecht Ario Alberto , Maiorino Alfonso , Voza Antonio , Pons Marta Ripoll , Cau Alessandro , De Marco Cinzia , Allegri Flavio , Tresoldi Claudio , Ciccarelli Michele 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has multiple adverse effects on human health; high temperatures are also associated with adverse health outcomes; and the frequency of cardiovascular events (CVEs) varies with season. We investigated a hypothesized increase in PM-related accident and emergency (A&E) presentations for CVE with temperature, season, days of high influenza incidence, and in persons with a cancer diagnosis.
Methods: This was a time-stratified case-crossover study in which patients served as their own controls on days without A&E presentation. Outcomes were associations of A&E presentation for CVE with atmospheric PM ≤10μm (PM10), season, air temperature and influenza incidence. PM10 in municipality of residence (exposure variable) were estimated by modelling data from local monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for presentations in relation to supposed influencers, adjusting for confounders. Separate analyses were performed on persons with a cancer diagnosis. Study participants were all who presented at the A&E of a large hospital near Milan, Italy, for a CVE (ICD-9: 390-459) from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015.
Results: There were 1349 A&E presentations for CVE in 2014-2015 and 5390 control days. Risk of A&E presentation was significantly increased (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.05-1.71) when PM10 was high (as mean PM10 on day of presentation, and 1 and 2 days before [lags 0-2]) on hot days and (for lag 0) in autumn (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.09-1.37) and winter (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.01-1.38). Risks were also significantly increased when PM10 was on lag 1, in people with a cancer diagnosis in the spring and summer months (1.88, 95%CI 1.05-3.37), and on days (lags 0-2) of high influenza incidence (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.01-5.43).
Conclusions: Greater risk of A&E presentation for CVE in periods of high PM10 and high temperature suggests that “safe” thresholds for PM10 should be temperature dependent and that the adverse effects of PM10 will increase as temperatures increase due to climate change.