bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Managerial Ability of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Banna Hasanul , Rana Md. Sohel , Ismail Izlin , Ismail Nazari 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to quantify the managerial ability of the microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Latin America and the Caribbean countries. Drawing on data for 419 MFIs in 24 Latin America and the Caribbean countries between 2003 and 2014, we find that MFIs' managers with higher managerial ability outperform MFIs' managers with lower managerial ability. The study also finds that managers in Brazil (Trinidad and Tobago) have higher (lower) ability and are more (less) efficient. The findings help policymakers and regulators to propose with policy recommendations for long‐term sustainability of MFIs by estimating and decomposing the ability of the managers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted gene panel sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of acutely ill infants
Authors: Brunelli Luca , Jenkins Sabrina M. , Gudgeon James M. , Bleyl Steven B. , Miller Christine E. , Tvrdik Tatiana , Dames Shale A. , Ostrander Betsy , Daboub Josue A. F. , Zielinski Brandon A. , Zinkhan Erin K. , Underhill Hunter R. , Wilson Theodore , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Yost Christian C. , Botto Lorenzo D. , Jenkins Justin , Pysher Theodore J. , Bayrak‐Toydemir Pinar , Mao Rong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundExome/genome sequencing (ES/GS) have been recently used in neonatal and pediatric/cardiac intensive care units (NICU and PICU/CICU) to diagnose and care for acutely ill infants, but the effectiveness of targeted gene panels for these purposes remains unknown.MethodsRapSeq, a newly developed panel targeting 4,503 disease‐causing genes, was employed on selected patients in our NICU/PICU/CICU. Twenty trios were sequenced from October 2015 to March 2017. We assessed diagnostic yield, turnaround times, and clinical consequences.ResultsA diagnosis was made in 10/20 neonates (50%); eight had de novo variants (ASXL1, CHD, FBN1, KMT2D, FANCB, FLNA, PAX3), one was a compound heterozygote for CHAT, and one had a maternally inherited GNAS variant. Preliminary reports were generated by 9.6 days (mean); final reports after Sanger sequencing at 16.3 days (mean). In all positive infants, the diagnosis changed management. In a case with congenital myasthenia, diagnosis and treatment occurred at 17 days versus 7 months in a historical control.ConclusionsThis study shows that a gene panel that includes the majority of known disease‐causing genes can rapidly identify a diagnosis in a large number of tested infants. Due to simpler deployment and interpretation and lower costs, this approach might represent an alternative to ES/GS in the NICU/PICU/CICU.
Low‐power 0.13‐μm CMOS receiver for microwave Doppler sensor
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hyo , Lee Kyeong‐Hyeok , Kim Choul‐Young 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, we present the design and fabrication of a monolithic microwave‐integrated circuit (MMIC) using 0.13‐μm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) radiofrequency (RF) process for a low‐noise amplifier (LNA) and a passive down mixer for a microwave Doppler sensor receiver operating in the 24‐GHz band (K band). The low‐noise amplifier uses a single‐stage cascode structure to ensure a small size and gain suitable for a microwave Doppler sensor. The down mixer has a passive frequency mixer structure and a single balanced design using balun for the local oscillator (LO) input. The output of the LNA and the input of the down frequency mixer are conjugately matched to minimize the flicker noise generated by the receiver for the microwave Doppler sensor. The designed MMIC showed a voltage conversion gain of 14.46 dB and an input P1dB of −21.16 dBm when the LO power was 0 dBm within the IF range (0.01‐1 GHz). A noise figure of less than 19.24 dB was obtained. The MMIC area and the power consumption were 0.647 × 0.363 mm2 and 6 mW, respectively.
Functioning and disability of premenopausal women with urinary incontinence: An assessment by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule—WHODAS 2.0
Authors: de Macedo Dantas Thaissa Hamana , Castaneda Luciana , Correia Grasiéla Nascimento , Campelo Clarissa Loureiro das Chagas , de Sousa Dantas Diego 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo analyze the association between urinary incontinence and disability status in premenopausal women.Materials and MethodsThe study included 120 premenopausal women recruited from six Basic Family Health Units to participate in this study. We assessed sociodemographic, gynecological, and obstetric data by using specific questions. The International Continence Society's definitions were applied to determine the presence and type of urinary incontinence, and the disability was assessed by using the 36‐item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0.ResultsThe WHODAS scores showed that women with urinary incontinence had a worse disability in cognition (P = .023) and mobility (P = .020) domains, in addition to the total score (P = .23). Women with mixed urinary incontinence had a worse disability in mobility domain (P = .039) than those with stress or urgency incontinence. Qualitative analyses of disability showed a significant difference between women with and without urinary incontinence (P = .033), with higher percentages of incontinent women with moderate and severe disability. Women who reported urinary incontinence had 7.69 more points on the final score of WHODAS than those who did not report this outcome.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence in women of reproductive age is associated with disability and worse scores of WHODAS when we compare them to women without urine leakage. The results presented can be useful for designing and adapting strategies for comprehensive care of women with urinary incontinence and disability, and developing rehabilitation programs based on functioning.
Physical restraining: Nurses knowledge and practice in Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Nirmala , Lama Sami , Mandal Gayananda , Shrestha Erina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess the level of knowledge and practice on physical restraints.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was adopted.MethodsA total enumerative sampling technique was used to select 117 nurses working in ICU, medical wards, psychiatric ward and emergency unit of Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal. After obtaining written consent from each participant, self‐administered questionnaires on socio‐demographic profile, knowledge and practice about physical restraints were distributed.ResultsMost nurses (55.6%) were from age group of 18–25 years. Most of the participants (82.1%) had completed their Diploma Nursing, and 33.3% of the nurses were working in the ICU. Maximum of the participants (74.4%) had previous exposure to physical restraints. In knowledge of physical restraints, the score of 52.1% showed above the median range (Median [IQR] = 43 [54–30]). In the case of practice, 54.7% of the nurses showed adequate practice (mean = 80.1, SD 7.7).
Harnessing Calcium‐Oxalate‐ (CaOx‐) Nanocrystal‐Induced Prodeath Autophagy for Attenuating Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury
Authors: Chen Yang , Wei Pengfei , Meng Jialin , Fan Song , Zhang Yanbin , Xi Junhua , Liang Chaozhao , Zhang Li , Hao Zongyao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCalcium oxalate (CaOx) stone is the most common type of kidney stone, with a formation process comprising supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation to crystals, and adhesion on renal tubular epithelial cells. CaOx stones generally lead to renal injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that nanosized materials could induce much greater toxicity than bulk materials with the same components. As aggregation to nanocrystals is necessary to form CaOx stones and nanocrystals have been widely reported to elicit either prodeath or prosurvival autophagy, the aim is to address the precise role of autophagy in CaOx‐ nanocrystal‐induced cytotoxicity. Clinical CaOx stones from patients are collected followed by ball milling. As a result, CaOx nanocrystals significantly reduce renal cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Further study shows that CaOx nanocrystals possess an autophagy‐inducing capacity and autophagic flux is complete. Autophagy abrogation by specific chemical inhibitor wortmannin or chloroquine obviously attenuates cytotoxicity, strongly suggesting that prodeath autophagy contributes to CaOx nanocrystals‐elicited cytotoxicity. Finally, it is revealed that autophagy is an essential signaling pathway participating in apoptosis regulation. Collectively, the findings demonstrate the role of autophagy in CaOx‐nanocrystal‐elicited cytotoxicity, and harnessing autophagy can be helpful to design promising strategies for attenuating kidney injury in nephrolithiasis.
Structural Origin of Optical Band Edge Shift in Se70Ge30‐xBix (0≤x≤10) Glassy Alloys
Authors: Mishra Pankaj K. , Upadhyay Aditya N. , Singh Kedar , Kumar Horesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBulk glasses of Se−Ge‐Bi system have been prepared by quenching the melt. The XRD exhibits very weak peaks riding over halos. DSC scans show a single stage to a multistage crystallization with an incremental substitution of Ge by Bi, indicating evolution of structurally inhomogeneous phases at the molecular level with the increasing content of Bi. The Raman spectra (50‐500 cm‐1) reveal the formation of the corner and edge‐sharing GeSe4/2terahedral and Bi2Se3 pyramidal units. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Images depicts the formation of submicron to nano‐sized spherical shaped structural units in a chain‐like configuration. Fragmentation of chains and refinement effect of Bi are noticed in TEM and SEM Images. The optical absorption edge found to be red‐shifted along with a sharp decrease in optical band gap (1.74‐0.82), with the increasing fraction of Bi in alloys. Attempts have been made to elucidate the results on the structural considerations (bond and band diagram) and Burstein‐Moss effect.
Controlling DNA Tug‐of‐War in a Dual Nanopore Device
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Yuning , Nagel Roland , Reisner Walter , Dunbar William B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMethods for reducing and directly controlling the speed of DNA through a nanopore are needed to enhance sensing performance for direct strand sequencing and detection/mapping of sequence‐specific features. A method is created for reducing and controlling the speed of DNA that uses two independently controllable nanopores operated with an active control logic. The pores are positioned sufficiently close to permit cocapture of a single DNA by both pores. Once cocapture occurs, control logic turns on constant competing voltages at the pores leading to a “tug‐of‐war” whereby opposing forces are applied to regions of the molecules threading through the pores. These forces exert both conformational and speed control over the cocaptured molecule, removing folds and reducing the translocation rate. When the voltages are tuned so that the electrophoretic force applied to both pores comes into balance, the life time of the tug‐of‐war state is limited purely by diffusive sliding of the DNA between the pores. A tug‐of‐war state is produced on 76.8% of molecules that are captured with a maximum two‐order of magnitude increase in average pore translocation time relative to the average time for single‐pore translocation. Moreover, the translocation slow‐down is quantified as a function of voltage tuning and it is shown that the slow‐down is well described by a first passage analysis for a 1D subdiffusive process. The ionic current of each nanopore provides an independent sensor that synchronously measures a different region of the same molecule, enabling sequential detection of physical labels, such as monostreptavidin tags. With advances in devices and control logic, future dual‐pore applications include genome mapping and enzyme‐free sequencing.
SSCC: A Novel Computational Framework for Rapid and Accurate Clustering Large-Scale Single Cell RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Ren Xianwen , Zheng Liangtao , Zhang Zemin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Clustering is a prevalent analytical means to analyze single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data but the rapidly expanding data volume can make this process computationally challenging. New methods for both accurate and efficient clustering are of pressing need. Here we proposed Spearman subsampling-clustering-classification (SSCC), a new clustering framework based on random projection and feature construction, for large-scale scRNA-seq data. SSCC greatly improves clustering accuracy, robustness, and computational efficacy for various state-of-the-art algorithms benchmarked on multiple real datasets. On a dataset with 68,578 human blood cells, SSCC achieved 20% improvement for clustering accuracy and 50-fold acceleration, but only consumed 66% memory usage, compared to the widelyused software package SC3. Compared to k-means, the accuracy improvement of SSCC can reach 3-fold. An R implementation of SSCC is available at https://github.com/Japrin/sscClust.
The Court of Justice of the European Union as a Transnational Actor through Judicial Review of the Territorial Scope of EU Environmental Law
Authors: HADJIYIANNI Ioanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen courts are faced with questions regarding the territorial scope of internal legislation, they are required to engage with controversial issues pertaining to the permissible boundaries of regulatory reach, which go beyond traditional conceptions of state sovereignty and non-intervention on which the functioning of courts is normally based. This Article examines the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’) in reviewing the legality and interpretation of the extraterritorial reach of EU environmental law, including animal welfare. It assesses the extent to which judicial review by the CJEU serves as a transnational mechanism for addressing legitimacy concerns raised by the unilateral exercise of EU regulatory power beyond EU borders.
TO LEAVE OR NOT TO LEAVE: THECHU CI楚辭 (VERSES OF CHU) AS RESPONSE TO THESHI JING詩經 (CLASSIC OF ODES)
Authors: Hunter Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContra the consensus view of theShi jing詩經 (Classic of Odes) andChu ci楚辭 (Verses of Chu) as the products of two distinct literary cultures, one northern and one southern, this article argues on the basis of intertextual analysis that theChu cideveloped in direct response to theShi jing. The foremost poem in the anthology, the “Li sao” 離騷 (Parting's Sorrow) emerges as a metadiscursive journey through variousShi jingarchetypes, the goal of which is to authorize its hero to say farewell to his ruler and homeland—a possibility denied byShi jingpoetics. A final section explores the relationship between the oppositional poetics of the “Li sao” and the rest of theChu ci. The article concludes with some reflections on the limitations of the north–south model for historians of early Chinese literature.
Dialectics and Difference: Negative Dialectics as a Logic of Action
Authors: Sevilla Sergio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that the different ways of facing Hegel's system, as an impossible attempt to harmonize tradition and openness to novelty, respond to an underlying malaise: that provoked by the disturbing question of “the actuality of philosophy” after Hegel. That question insistently arises with respect to different paradigms of contemporary philosophy, and is found in critical theory, in analytical philosophy of action, in Žižek's materialism, and in Derrida's deconstructive reading. Adorno's interpretation introduces the tension between universal concepts and laws, transmitted by the cultural tradition, and particular elements that the subject of the action must always take into account. As a consequence, the subject must include what is not reducible to a concept, which enables the construction of a language of experience that transcends the identifying thinking of the concept and makes negative dialectics possible as a theory of action.
ON ISOMORPHISM CLASSES OF COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: ANDREWS URI , BADAEV SERIKZHAN A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe examine how degrees of computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers) under computable reduction break down into isomorphism classes. Two ceers are isomorphic if there is a computable permutation of ω which reduces one to the other. As a method of focusing on nontrivial differences in isomorphism classes, we give special attention to weakly precomplete ceers. For any degree, we consider the number of isomorphism types contained in the degree and the number of isomorphism types of weakly precomplete ceers contained in the degree. We show that the number of isomorphism types must be 1 or ω, and it is 1 if and only if the ceer is self-full and has no computable classes. On the other hand, we show that the number of isomorphism types of weakly precomplete ceers contained in the degree can be any member of $[0,\omega ]$. In fact, for any $n \in [0,\omega ]$, there is a degree d and weakly precomplete ceers ${E_1}, \ldots ,{E_n}$ in d so that any ceer R in d is isomorphic to ${E_i} \oplus D$ for some $i \le n$ and D a ceer with domain either finite or ω comprised of finitely many computable classes. Thus, up to a trivial equivalence, the degree d splits into exactly n classes.We conclude by answering some lingering open questions from the literature: Gao and Gerdes [11] define the collection of essentially FC ceers to be those which are reducible to a ceer all of whose classes are finite. They show that the index set of essentially FC ceers is ${\rm{\Pi }}_3^0$-hard, though the definition is ${\rm{\Sigma }}_4^0$. We close the gap by showing that the index set is ${\rm{\Sigma }}_4^0$-complete. They also use index sets to show that there is a ceer all of whose classes are computable, but which is not essentially FC, and they ask for an explicit construction, which we provide.Andrews and Sorbi [4] examined strong minimal covers of downwards-closed sets of degrees of ceers. We show that if $\left( {{E_i}} \right)$ is a uniform c.e. sequence of non universal ceers, then $\left\{ {{ \oplus _{i \le j}}{E_i}|j \in \omega } \right\}$ has infinitely many incomparable strong minimal covers, which we use to answer some open questions from [4].Lastly, we show that there exists an infinite antichain of weakly precomplete ceers.
Seclusion versus mechanical restraint in psychiatry – a systematic review
Authors: Gleerup Christian S. , Østergaard Søren D. , Hjuler Rasmus S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Seclusion and mechanical restraint are coercive interventions used at psychiatric hospitals when patients are at imminent risk of harming themselves and/or others. Although these interventions have been used for decades, it remains unclear whether seclusion or mechanical restraint is superior in terms of efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review studies comparing the intended and unintended effects of seclusion and mechanical restraint.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Quantitative studies comparing the intended and unintended effects of seclusion and mechanical restraint were included.Results:The search identified 868 unique records. Fourteen of these (3 reporting on randomized controlled trials and 11 reporting on observational studies) met the predefined inclusion criteria. The study methodology including outcome measures varied significantly across studies. The results of the 11 studies using a subjective outcome measure (patient preference/emotions) were in favour of seclusion, while the 3 studies using an objective outcome measure (duration of coercion/need for transition to other coercive measure) favoured mechanical restraint. There was a high risk of residual confounding by indication and/or bias affecting the reported results.Conclusion:Based on the available literature, it cannot be determined whether seclusion is superior to mechanical restraint or vice versa. Further studies using stringent methodology are required to answer this question. A cautious conclusion based on this review is that the availability of both methods seems necessary – as both have their pros and cons.
SUR LES PAQUETS D’ARTHUR DE CONTENANT DES MODULES UNITAIRES DE PLUS HAUT POIDS, SCALAIRES
Authors: MOEGLIN COLETTE , RENARD DAVID 
Published: June 2019

Soit $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ un module de plus haut poids unitaire du groupe $G=\mathbf{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{R})$. On s’intéresse aux paquets d’Arthur contenant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$. Lorsque le plus haut poids est scalaire, on détermine les paramètres de ces paquets, on établit la propriété de multiplicité $1$ de $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ dans le paquet, et l’on calcule le caractère $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}$ (du groupe des composantes connexes du centralisateur du paramètre dans le groupe dual) associé à $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ et qui joue un grand rôle dans la théorie d’Arthur. On fait de même pour certains modules de plus haut poids unitaires unipotents $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{n,k}$, ou bien lorsque le caractère infinitésimal est régulier.
Toxicological effect of ivermectin on the survival, reproduction, and feeding activity of four species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa I. , Iwasa M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on the dung beetlesCopris acutidensMotschulsky,Onthophagus bivertexHeyden,O. lenziiHarold andPhelotrupes auratus auratusMotschulsky in Japan. Ivermectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 3 or 7 days post-treatment, with a peak at 3 days post-treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 µg kg−1). InC. acutidens, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls were significantly reduced in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and adult emergence rates were significantly decreased in dung collected at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activity ofC. acutidenswas inhibited in dung collected at 3 days post-treatment, but was not significantly different from that seen in control dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. InO. bivertexandO. lenzii, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival or feeding activities, but the numbers of brood balls ofO. bivertexconstructed in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment were significantly lower than observed with control dung. The adult emergence rates ofO. bivertexandO. lenziiwere significantly reduced in dung collected at 1 to 3 and 1 to 7 days post-treatment, respectively. InP. auratus, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival, oviposition, feeding activity, or larval survival (until the third instar) in dung at 3 days post-treatment. The environmental risks affecting the populations of dung beetles in Japan are discussed.