bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic Diagnosis of Renal Mass Biopsy
Authors: Shen Steven S. , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: April 2019

Context.—
Core biopsy has been increasingly used for clinical decision-making in the management of patients with renal masses. The sensitivity and specificity of histologic diagnoses of renal mass biopsies depend on many factors such as adequate sampling and tissue processing, diagnostic skill and experience, and appropriate use of ancillary techniques.

Objective.—
To review the indications, emphasize the importance of obtaining adequate diagnostic material, and introduce a general diagnostic approach, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, in diagnosis of renal mass biopsies.

Data Sources.—
Literature review and personal experiences in daily practice and consultation diagnosis of renal masses in a large tertiary medical center.

Conclusions.—
For renal mass biopsies, it is critical to obtain adequate diagnostic material and establish a standard laboratory procedure in working with small biopsy specimens. The key for the diagnosis is to be familiar with different tumor entities with characteristic morphology and to understand the wide spectrum of tumor heterogeneity. By developing a systematic approach, one can categorize the tumor and create a sensible differential diagnosis based on the growth pattern and cellular morphology. Immunohistochemistry is particularly helpful for renal mass biopsy diagnosis in selected situations.
Cytoplasmic Fibrillar Aggregates in Gallbladder Epithelium Are a Frequent Mimic of Cystoisospora in Pediatric Cholecystectomy Specimens
Authors: Rose Gary S. , Arnold Christina A. , Badizadegan Kamran , Carter Christopher M. , Conces Miriam R. , Kahwash Samir B. , Nicol Kathleen K. , Arnold Michael A. 
Published: April 2019

Context.—Cystoisospora belli is an intracellular parasite associated with gastrointestinal disease in immunocompromised hosts. Although infection has been classically associated with intestinal disease, studies have identified Cystoisospora in the gallbladder of immunocompetent patients based on hematoxylin-eosin morphology. Recently, the identity of this histologic finding as Cystoisospora has been questioned based on negative results of nucleic acid studies.Objective.—To determine the prevalence of this histologic feature in pediatric patients, we retrospectively reviewed all cholecystectomy specimens from a pediatric hospital during a 24-month period.Design.—In 180 cholecystectomy specimens, we identified 11 cases (6.1%) with classical histologic features previously described to represent Cystoisospora organisms. To further investigate these structures, we retrieved tissue from paraffin-embedded blocks and performed electron microscopy.Results.—Ultrastructural examination identified ovoid perinuclear cytoplasmic structures composed of dense fibrillar aggregates rather than organisms. Patients with positive cases were similar in age to controls (positive cases: mean patient age 13.4 years [range, 2–23 years]; negative cases: mean patient age 14.7 years [range, 12 weeks–31 years]; P = .35). There was no significant association of this finding with cholelithiasis (54.5% versus 65.1%, P = .52), cholesterolosis (0% versus 22.5%, P = .12), acute cholecystitis (9.1% versus 10.1%, P &gt; .99), or chronic cholecystitis (45.5% versus 66.3%, P = .20).Conclusions.—To our knowledge, this is the first positive identification of these structures as cytoplasmic fibrillar aggregates rather than parasitic inclusions by ultrastructural examination, and the first study of this histologic finding in pediatric cholecystectomies.
Incremento de área em sementes de moringa durante a embebição por meio da análise de imagens
Authors: Noronha Bruno Gomes , Pereira Márcio Dias , Medeiros André Dantas de 
Published: April 2019

A morfologia das sementes e as modificações físicas sofridas por elas durante a germinação podem estar associadas ao vigor. Por isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho monitorar o incremento de área em sementes de moringa durante a embebição, por meio da análise de imagens, com o intuito de se determinar a sua qualidade fisiológica a partir deste incremento. Utilizaram-se sementes de quatro lotes de moringa com e sem tegumento, fotografadas antes e durante a embebição, nos períodos de 8, 16 e 24 horas, nas temperaturas de 15 e 20 °C. Calculou-se o incremento de área (%) através da análise das imagens, utilizando-se o programa ImageJ. Os resultados de cada período avaliado foram comparados com os testes usualmente utilizados na avaliação do vigor de sementes. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA e comparados pelo teste de Tukey. Os lotes 1, 2 e 4 foram considerados de melhor qualidade, enquanto que, o lote 3 apresentou qualidade inferior, quando comparado aos demais lotes testados. As sementes de moringa seguiram o padrão trifásico de embebição, com a protrusão da raiz primária ocorrendo em 72 horas. Foi possível avaliar o percentual de incremento de área por meio do programa ImageJ, sendo o período de 8 horas de embebição a 15 °C o que demonstrou maior eficiência para classificação dos lotes quanto a sua qualidade fisiológica.
Automated analysis of small RNA datasets with RAPID
Authors: Karunanithi Sivarajan , Simon Martin , Schulz Marcel H. 
Published: April 2019

Understanding the role of short-interfering RNA (siRNA) in diverse biological processes is of current interest and often approached through small RNA sequencing. However, analysis of these datasets is difficult due to the complexity of biological RNA processing pathways, which differ between species. Several properties like strand specificity, length distribution, and distribution of soft-clipped bases are few parameters known to guide researchers in understanding the role of siRNAs. We present RAPID, a generic eukaryotic siRNA analysis pipeline, which captures information inherent in the datasets and automatically produces numerous visualizations as user-friendly HTML reports, covering multiple categories required for siRNA analysis. RAPID also facilitates an automated comparison of multiple datasets, with one of the normalization techniques dedicated for siRNA knockdown analysis, and integrates differential expression analysis using DESeq2.

Availability and Implementation
RAPID is available under MIT license at https://github.com/SchulzLab/RAPID. We recommend using it as a conda environment available from https://anaconda.org/bioconda/rapid
Potassium Fertilization for Higher Flowering and Fruit Yield in ‘Magallanes’ Pummelo (Citrus maxima)
Authors: Magbalot-Fernandez Alminda , C. Deguzman Constancio 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to determine the influence of Potassium (K) fertilization on the flowering and fruit yield of 13-year old ‘Magallanes' pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm. ex Rumph.) Merr.] trees. The experiment was conducted at South Davao Corporation (SODACO) farm, Davao City, Philippines for 12-month duration. Five treatments with increasing K levels were applied per tree: control, no K, 150 g K basal, 225 g K basal, and 225 g K basal + foliar application. Flowering, fruit set and yield of pummelo were enhanced by higher K rates. Flowering was increased by 4 times while fruit set by 86-100%. Fruit number was increased by 7 times, weight per fruit by 22-26%, and yields up to 9 times with 100% (return of investment) ROI on trees applied with 225 g K rates. The results of the study indicated the important role of K in improving the flowering, fruit yield and income of ‘Magallanes' pummelo.
Spruce Wood Flour for Paper Applications – A Handsheet Study
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Zier Sandro , Lombardi Luca , Stein Tobias , Winkelbauer Stefan 
Published: April 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate if spruce wood flour can be an alternative cellulosic-based wood additive for papermaking.
Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted at the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Spring 2018.
Materials and Methods: This study used unbleached wood flour with a particle size distribution between 200 μm to 500 μm and bleached and unbleached wood flour with particle size distribution between 70 μm to 150 μm. Wood flour was added at levels of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 15% based on oven dry fiber content for the first part of the study. For the second part of the study, starch at a level of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% based on OD fiber content is added to the suspension. The basis weight of the handsheet manufactured was 75 g/m².
Results: Bulk increased from 2.20 cm³/g to a maximum of 2.80 cm³/g for 15% wood flour addition. Maximum tensile index achieved was 24.75 Nm/g based on a base sheet value of 20.05 Nm/g. Addition of starch has a positive influence on the tensile index, with a maximum value of 41.41 Nm/g at 1% addition. Brightness value of the manufactured handsheets decreased gradually for the unbleached wood flour. Bleached wood flour showed a 1%-point increase above the base sheet brightness of 88.51%. Addition of starch increased the brightness value from 88.51% of the base sheet by up to 4.5%. An opacity increase was achieved for all wood flour additions with the highest opacity value of 95.68% at an addition of 15% wood flour.
Conclusion: Addition of starch decreases the opacity value of up 1.5% points. Addition of wood flour resulted in a decrease in smoothness by increasing the airflow from the base sheet value of 2564 ml/min by 385 ml/min. at 8% wood flour addition. Adding a line pressure of 1.673 kN/m to simulate calendering resulted in an improved smoothness by reducing the airflow of up to 447 ml/min. Addition of starch showed an overall increase of smoothness by reducing the airflow number by up to 600 ml/min for sheets with and without line pressure.
Costume Enterprise as a Panacea for Poverty Reduction among Young People in Nigeria
Authors: Badeji Susan Olubukola 
Published: April 2019

This study examined costume enterprise as a panacea for poverty reduction among young people in Nigeria by x-raying the potentials embedded in it, in order to ascertain its viability for poverty reduction. The objective of the study therefore was to fill this knowledge gap by carrying out empirical study on the business potentials resident in costume entrepreneurship. The methodology followed survey research design and involved generating data from individuals who are involved in costume enterprise businesses from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Primary data sources came from phone call interview and questionnaire survey. In both cases, the respondents for the study were asked questions regarding their average monthly income from their costume business. The result findings revealed that the average monthly income of retail costume entrepreneurs was N30,625; exceeding the monthly earnings of some employed people in Nigeria and even beyond the minimum wage agitated by the Nigeria Labour Union in 2018. The study also discovered that the costume entrepreneurs in the Northern region do not earn as much as those in the Southern region. Bearing all these facts in mind, the study, therefore, concludes that costume enterprise is a viable venture capable of reducing poverty. It is also concluded from the study that Northern Nigeria (the North Central, North East and North West), are still lagging behind in harnessing costuming arts potentials in the region, for revenue earnings. It is therefore recommended that the government should create enabling environment for both local and foreign earnings through costume entrepreneurship. It is also suggested that theatre departments and closely related fields in Nigerian tertiary institutions should incorporate costume arts into their curriculum as a gainful enterprise for job creators and job seekers.
Response of Cotton and Soybean Intercropping System to Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: M. Pujar Amit , Angadi V. V. , Hosmath J. A. 
Published: April 2019

Aims: Field experiment was conducted to study the integrated nutrient management on yield, all yield components and resource use efficiency of cotton and soybean intercropping system.
Study Design: Randomized complete block design with three replications and twenty treatments.
Place and Duration of Study: Plot number ‘101’ of ‘D’ block, All India Coordinated Research Project, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (India) during June 2016.
Methodology: As per the treatments, organic manure (FYM) and green leaf manures (gliricidia and pongamia) were applied 15 days before sowing of the crop. Vermicompost was applied on the spot to soil before dibbling of seeds in cotton and soybean intercropping system in 1:2 row proportions, soybean introduced as intercrop in cotton with row spacing of cotton 120 cm and soybean 30 cm.
Results: Results revealed that all the yield components like number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield and cotton stalk yield in cotton and number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seed yield and haulm yield were higher under sole crop. Application of 150 and 125% RDF for cotton and soybean intercropping system found higher yield and yield components of cotton and soybean. However, the land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and cotton equivalent yield (CEY) were higher in intercropping system than sole crops.
Conclusion: Application of 125% RDF for both crops was found to be agronomically feasible, economically viable, environment friendly and in sustainable approach. In addition to this it provides insurance against inter-climatic changes.
Estimating True Species Richness and the Degree of Hierarchical Structuring of Species Abundances in Eight Frog Communities from the North-Western Ghats of India
Authors: Béguinot Jean 
Published: April 2019

The Distribution of Species Abundances within natural communities – when properly analysed – can provide essential information regarding general aspects of the internal organisation of these communities. In particular, true species richness on the one hand and the intensity of the process of hierarchical structuring of species abundances on the other hand may be estimated independently and, thereby, can provide truly complementary information. In turn, specific issues may thereby be addressed. For example, whether one unique dominant factor or numerous combined factors are involved in the structuring process of a community can be tested contradictorily. Although these methods are not new conceptually, their implementation in common practice remains scarce. The reason is that the relevant implementation of these methods requires to be sure that virtually all member-species in the community have been sampled. As exhaustive samplings often reveal difficult to achieve in practice, an appropriate, least-biased procedure of numerical extrapolation of incomplete inventories is imperatively required.
Considering the steadily increasing threats to the environment and biodiversity, especially facing the on-going climatic change, time has come now with ever greater urgency to go beyond the apparent limits of non-exhaustive sampling and make the most of what is available in terms of recorded field data, whatever the degree of incompleteness of species inventories.
As a modest and limited attempt to concretise this wish at the local level, I try, hereafter, to highlight the importance of additional information that may be unveiled through adequate post-analysis of a set of eight frog communities, recently inventoried by Katwate, Apte & Raut in an amphibian hot-spot in the north-western Ghats of India. At last, the likely variations of both total species richness and the intensity of hierarchical structuring of species abundance are simulated as an answer to the steadily increasing influence of the ongoing climatic change.
The Effectiveness of Local Combined Cold-Hot Application on Bruising of Enoxaparin Sodium
Authors: Ebrahimi-Shalmani Faride , Javadi-Pashaki Nazila , Leili Ehsan Kazemnejad , Louyeh Ataollah Asadi 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Bruising is one of the most common adverse events following administration of enoxaparin sodium, which can lead to unpleasant consequences such as reduced access to various sites for injection, joint complaints, and reduced satisfaction of patients from the treatment and care provided. Therefore, in order to find ways to reduce this complication, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of local combined cold-hot application on bruising caused by subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin sodium.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted from July to December 2018. 74 patients hospitalized in Poursina Hospital in Rasht were selected according to inclusion criteria and assigned to intervention group 1 (37 persons) and intervention group 2 (37 persons) by randomized block design. In each intervention group, the left side of the abdomen was treated as control (without intervention) and the right side was treated with cold pack (intervention group 1) or cold-hot pack (intervention group 2). Data collection was done by two-part tools, including individual and clinical data, and related records of bruising. Evaluation of the incidence and severity of bruising was performed at 24, 48, 72 hours after the first injection. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independity Test, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorosimerno).
Results: The majority of research samples were men (79.7%). The mean age of the patients was 21 ± 48 years. The mean and standard deviation of bruising in intervention group 1 at 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection was 24.44±1.09, 4.49±1.04 and 4.35±1.14, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of bruising in intervention group 2 at 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection was 1.65±0.63, 1.49±0.65, and 0.88±0.43, respectively. Differences in bruising size were statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that use of local cold-hot pack compared to cold pack is more effective regarding the size of bruising in place of enoxaparin sodium injection, which is clinically important.
Determination of the Sexual Maturity of Threadfins Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829), Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) and Pentanemus quinquarius (Linné, 1758) of the Artisanal Marine Fishery of Grand-Lahou (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Konan Kouassi Sylvain , Gervais Djadji Ebram Luc , Amon Yao Nicolas , N’da Konan 
Published: April 2019

Reproduction of the threadfins of the costal shelf of Grand-Lahou was studied with a monthly sampling frequencies range from may 2009 to april 2011. 534 specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis, composed of 315 males and 219 females and 648 Galeoides decadactylus composed of 420 males and 228 females, then 453 individuals of Pentanemus quinquarius composed of 210 males and 243 females were used.
The sexual maturity parameters of threadfins fishes indicate a size of first maturity (L50 = 67.5 cm) for females of Polydactylus quadrifilis and (L50 = 55.5 cm) with their males. Concerning the specimens of Pentanemus quinquarius, females present (L50 = 15 cm) and their males (L50 = 14.5 cm). This parameter has identical values ​​with the females of Galeoides decadactylus (L50 = 15.5 cm) and their males (L50 = 15.5 cm). The individuals of Polydactylus quadrifilis and the specimens of Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius become mature at 1 year of age. The sex ratio determination show that specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis show a predominance of males during the warm season, from October (73.68%) to March (64.28%) which weakens during the cold season, from May (30%) to July (58%). For Galeoides decadactylus, the sex ratio shows a predominance of males, from August (88%) to March (94.73%). Concerning specimens of Pentanemus quinquarius, the sex ratio is in favor of the females whose lowest value is during the cold season in July (21.74%).
All threafin species reach sexual maturity from their first year of life with different sex ratios variations.
Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Profiles in Some Nigerian Crude Oils
Authors: Boisa N. , Ideriah T. J. K. , Okehie C. S. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: To evaluate the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in some Nigerian crude oils.
Study Design: Field and Laboratory-Experimental Design were used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Crude oil samples were obtained from three locations (designated as Location 1, Location 2, and Location 3) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Methodology: The samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane and analysed using GC-FID.
Results: The results of the analyses of the crude oils gave polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations of 2.6089 x 104 ppm representing 60.06% and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 4.3201 x 104 ppm at Location 1, PAHs concentration of 4.764 x 103 ppm (62.8%) and TPH recording a concentration of 7.583x 103 ppm at Location 2, while Location 3 had PAHs concentration of 9.93 x 102 ppm (30.66%) and TPH concentration of 3.239 x 103 ppm. The total concentrations of the high molecular weight PAHs were lower than those of the low molecular weight PAHs in the samples. Also the concentrations of the individual PAHs were higher in the low molecular weight PAHs. The mean PAHs concentrations of 2707.6 ppm (location 1), 551.5 ppm (location 2) and 90.7 ppm (location 3) are different.
Conclusion: The observed results show that all the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed as priority pollutants are present in the three crude oil samples with higher concentrations in the light crude oils than in the heavy crude oil and a strong correlation with the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration. It was also observed that though the ratios of the low molecular weight PAHs to high molecular weight PAHs of the crude oils indicate petrogenic, the unique diagnostic ratios suggest pyrogenic input. There is therefore the need to develop a method of PAHs removal from PAHs contaminated water based on locally available and cheap materials.