bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Fach der Stunde, reloaded
Authors: Grote Mathias , te Heesen Anke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSubject of the Moment, Reloaded. The catalogue of Ludwig Darmstaedter's document collection, which contains sources as well as a categorization conspicuous of a history of knowledge avant la lettre, invites for a revisiting of the history of our discipline, thereby asking for its current role in academia and beyond. We argue that as historians of science or as historians of knowledge, our discipline disposes of the tools and topics necessary to respond to urgent epistemic and political problems.
Literatur und Wahnsinn. Die Kunst der Problemstellung
Authors: Schäfer Armin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLiterature and Madness. The Art of Posing a Problem. Literary studies and the history of science can collaborate in their ways of posing a problem, which is an art in itself. The article points to a problem that is posed by Marcel Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu. What is the nexus between literature and madness and what makes their difference?
Epistemische Begegnungen, neue Herausforderungen. Drei Gedanken zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Medizin
Authors: Hofer Hans‐Georg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEpistemic Encounters, Emerging Challenges. Three Thoughts about the History of Science and Medicine. With good reason, the future of the history of science and medicine can be characterized as a continuous move towards diversity. Epistemic encounters between disciplines, approaches and subject areas are continuously emerging. At the same time, new and disturbing challenges have arisen in the relationship between science, politics and society. Based on this observation, the following miniature offers three reflective thoughts. These aim (1) to raise more awareness of the socio‐political responsibility of historiographical positioning; (2) to address questions of (historical) relationality and (theoretical) systematicity more explicitly; and (3), and by focusing on German academic medicine, to highlight some desiderata at the intersection of the history of science and contemporary history.
Nach dem Wissen: Wissenschaft zwischen Deregulation und Restauration
Authors: Grütter Fabian , Güttler Nils , Stadler Max , Wulz Monika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAfter Knowledge: Science, Deregulation, and Restoration. In the light of recent phenomena and developments – from ‘alternative facts’ to the rise of the ‘New Right’ –, the notion that we live in a ‘knowledge society’ (which has served our discipline well over the last couple of decades) seems more than a little antiquated. Our present, or so it would seem, is determined by forces other than ‘knowledge’ or, for that matter ‘science’. By the same token, ‘knowledge’ has lost traction for the purposes of a historiography trying to keep abreast with the times. At this impasse, we propose that historians of science embrace our predicament head‐on. They should take a more serious interest in the trajectories that brought us here: that is, in recent history and the political and ideological projects which shaped it. We suggest two complementary concepts along which such analyses might proceed: deregulation and restoration.
Die Fakten in den Naturwissenschaften. Zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Osten Philipp 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Facts in the Case of Science. The article casts an eye on the role of scientific facts in relation to the circumstances, under which they emerge, and discusses the challenges for a history of science in a near future. The author assumes that science, the economy, ideologies, and religious belief will keep influencing each other. He recommends an open mind for new sources and pleads for interdisciplinary approaches.
Vier Bemerkungen „zur Lage der Wissenschaftsgeschichte in Deutschland“
Authors: Epple Moritz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFour Remarks Concerning “the Situation of the History of Science in Germany”. The following remarks contain four brief reflections, based on my experience in teaching the history of science: (1) on the limitations of any national perspective on the history of science, (2) on the subject and task of the history of science, (3) on the power and weakness of knowledge as topics for the history of science, and (4) on the possibilities of scientific imagination as a critical issue for the future development of our field.
Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of pymetrozine for Chinese consumption of cauliflower
Authors: Jia Guifei , Zeng Lingrong , Zhao Shan , Ge Shijia , Long Xiaofang , Zhang Yuping , Hu Deyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the occurrence of pymetrozine residues in cauliflower samples obtained from six cauliflower‐producing areas of China during fixed time periods in 2017 and estimates the dietary risk of pymetrozine in cauliflower. A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to detect pymetrozine in cauliflower. The samples were extracted using 20 mL of acetonitrile and purified with dispersive solid‐phase extraction using C18 as sorbent. The limit of quantification of pymetrozine was 0.008 mg/kg in cauliflower. The recoveries of the analyte were 82.04–95.18% with RSD <8.45%. The calibration curves for pymetrozine showed good linearities in the concentration range 0.004–2.0 mg/L with determination coefficients (R2) >0.999. Pymetrozine dissipated rapidly in cauliflower with a half‐life of <4 days. The terminal residues of pymetrozine were <0.008–0.0881 mg/kg in cauliflower at 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying from six sites. The routine washing process removed about half amount of the pymetrozine in cauliflower; the reduction ratios were 51.0–52.8%. The dietary risk assessment indicated that pymetrozine did not exhibit obvious dietary health risks in cauliflower when good agricultural practices were implemented.
Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve for failing bioprosthetic aortic valve: Usually a good idea
Authors: Khan Asaad , Dangas George 
Published: December 2018

Key Points

Use of bioprosthetic implants for surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR) has been increasing in the recent years
Surgical redo AVRs for failed surgical aortic bioprostheses have been traditionally considered the standard practice; however, in patients with higher surgical risk scores, transcatheter valve‐in‐valve aortic valve replacements are being commonly performed
There is scarcity of data comparing these two approaches in this complex patient cohort
Available data suggest that transcatheter ViV aortic valve replacement is generally a safe approach once some caveats are accounted for
Living 3,4‐(Co)Polymerization of Isoprene/Myrcene and One‐Pot Synthesis of a Polyisoprene Blend Catalyzed by Binuclear Rare‐Earth Metal Amidinate Complexes
Authors: Yu Xiaying , Li Meng , Hong Jianquan , Zhou Xigeng , Zhang Lixin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMononuclear amidinate yttrium complex C4H9C(NR)2Y(o‐CH2C6H4NMe2)2 (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) and a series of binuclear rare‐earth metal complexes bearing a bridged amidinate ligand [(RN)2C(CH2)4C(NR)2][RE{CH2C6H4(o‐NMe2)}2]2 (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, RE=Y, Lu, Sc) were synthesized and fully characterized. The catalytic behavior of these complexes for (co)polymerization of conjugated dienes such as isoprene and myrcene in the presence of co‐catalyst [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] was investigated. These catalytic systems show impressively high activity and 3,4‐regioselectivity in living (co)polymerization. The binuclear bridged amidinate yttrium catalytic system not only exhibits the highest activity among the reported catalytic systems for 3,4‐polymerization of isoprene but also allows the steady polymerization in a living manner from −20 to 80 °C. Compared with the dramatic drop of 3,4‐selectivity for the mononuclear analogue, the binuclear catalytic system still shows moderate 3,4‐selectivity at 80 °C. Moreover, a facile one‐pot synthetic strategy for a polymer blend containing 3,4‐ and 1,4‐polyisoprene (PIP) was established through the in situ modification of the active amidinate yttrium species by addition of an excess amount of AlMe3.
Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts
Authors: Driver Ciaran , Meade Nigel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.
A Subpopulation of Synovial Fibroblasts Leads to Osteochondrogenesis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Miura Yoko , Ota Shusuke , Peterlin Matija , McDevitt Grete , Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSpecific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes result in a high susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with co‐stimulatory molecules working together with MHC class II during the progression of the disease. To elucidate the involvement of the B7.1 co‐stimulatory molecule in RA, we analyzed the phenotype of B7.1 transgenic (named D1BC) mice and the sequential differentiation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) by studying the expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage markers together with lineage tracing experiment using B7.1 transgene in vivo. The B7.1 transgene was driven by a collagen type II (CII) promoter and enhancer in the D1BC mouse. A low‐dose of bovine CII (bCII) was used to induce chronic articular inflammation with interstitial pneumonitis. Joint damage was analyzed by histopathological examination and computed tomography. B7.1 was expressed in articular cartilage and SFs of D1BC mice. Chronic inflammatory arthritis in the bCII‐D1BC mouse shared common features with those found in patients with RA, such as pannus formation, bone destruction, osteoporosis, and joint ankylosis. A subpopulation of SFs (Runx2+, Sox9+, Col10a1+, Osx+, and CX−) in the pannus was classified as osteochondrogenic lineage rather than mesenchymal stromal lineage. These cells underwent differentiation into osteogenic lineage via hypertrophic chondrocytes at the end of the chronic phase. The ectopic expression of B7.1 in chondrocytes and SFs leads to an increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory arthritis and subsequent new bone formation, reminiscent of ankylosis. The regulation of cartilage remodeling in pannus tissue is an important consideration in the treatment of RA. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate tubulointerstitial injury through multiple mechanisms in UUO model
Authors: Xing Li , Song Erlin , Yu Cheng Yuan , Jia Xi Bei , Ma Jing , Sui Man Shu , Wang Ming Ao , Gao Xu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrent evidence supports the use of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a diverse range of clinical applications, and many studies have shown that MSCs have renal‐protective effects, but the mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we aim to further identify whether MSCs can attenuate renal fibrosis by decreasing tubulointerstitial injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. In this study, we cultured MSCs and then transplanted them into a UUO model through the tail vein. Histology, cell proliferation, peritubular capillary (PTC) loss and myofibroblast markers were examined on days 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. We demonstrated that renal interstitial fibrosis in the MSC group was significantly attenuated compared with the UUO and DMEM groups. Moreover, MSC treatment inhibited the loss of PTCs and increased parenchymal cell proliferation. In addition, UUO‐induced activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts were suppressed by MSC infusion. Furthermore, MSCs attenuated tubulointerstitial infiltration of macrophages in UUO mice. Tubulointerstitial damage plays a very important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). PTC loss, macrophage recruitment, and myofibroblast activation are directly correlated with the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our results suggest that MSC infusion in the UUO model is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting kidney repair.
The dual role of KCNQ/M channels upon OGD or OGD/R insults in cultured cortical neurons of mice: Timing is crucial in targeting M‐channels against ischemic injuries
Authors: Diao Yu , Yan Weijie , Sun Wei , Luo Yanlin , Li Junfa , Yin Yanling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKCNQ/M potassium channels play a vital role in neuronal excitability; however, it is required to explore their pharmacological modulation on N‐Methyl‐ d‐aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs)‐mediated glutamatergic transmission of neurons upon ischemic insults. In the current study, both presynaptic glutamatergic release and activities of NMDARs were measured by NMDAR‐induced miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in cultured cortical neurons of C57 mice undergoing oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD/reperfusion (OGD/R). The KCNQ/M‐channel opener, retigabine (RTG), suppressed the overactivation of postsynaptic NMDARs induced by OGD and then NO transient; RTG also decreased OGD‐induced neuronal death measured with MTT assay, suggesting the beneficial role of KCNQ/M‐channels for the neurons exposed to ischemic insults. However, when the neurons exposed to the subsequent reperfusion, KCNQ/M‐channels played a differential role from its protective effect. OGD/R increased presynaptic glutamatergic release, which was further augmented by RTG or decreased by KCNQ/M‐channel blocker, XE991. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced partly in a NO‐dependent manner. In addition, XE991 decreased neuronal injuries upon reperfusion measured with DCF and PI staining. Meanwhile, the addition of RTG upon OGD or XE991 upon reperfusion can reverse OGD or OGD/R‐reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Our present study indicates the dual role of KCNQ/M‐channels in OGD and OGD/R, which will decide the fate of neurons. Provided that activation of KCNQ/M‐channels has differential effects on neuronal injuries during OGD or OGD/R, we propose that therapy targeting KCNQ/M‐channels may be effective for ischemic injuries but the proper timing is so crucial for the corresponding treatment.
Are followers satisfied with conscientious leaders? The moderating influence of leader role authenticity
Authors: Harris T. Brad , Cardador M. Teresa , Cole Michael S. , Mistry Sal , Kirkman Bradley L. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryLeadership scholars have yet to identify a clear and consistent relationship between leader conscientiousness and followers' satisfaction with a leader. Drawing from socioanalytic theory and related personality research, we argue that the underlying motives of leader conscientiousness can manifest in systematically different behaviors aimed at team task accomplishment, ranging from rigid and order‐driven to relatively more adaptable approaches. Importantly, we posit that the relationship between a leader's conscientiousness and adaptability is conditioned by role authenticity (i.e., the extent to which a leader believes a role permits expressions of her or his “true self”). Hence, we articulate a conditional indirect effects model whereby leader conscientiousness and leader role authenticity jointly predict leader adaptability and, in turn, increasing levels of leader adaptability are positively associated with followers' shared satisfaction with their leader. Data from a sample of fire and rescue crews provide partial support for the model. Post hoc analyses suggest that the conditioning influence of leader role authenticity on leader conscientiousness is more informative when subfacets of conscientiousness are considered.
Feeding of plankton in turbulent oceans and lakes
Authors: Pécseli Hans L. , Trulsen Jan K. , Stiansen Jan Erik , Sundby Svein , Fossum Petter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnalytical models for the statistical distribution of the gut content of fish larvae in a turbulent ocean environment are compared to data obtained in a field experiment. The proposed model allows the nutrition state and thereby the survival probability of plankton populations to be estimated for given conditions and parameters characterizing their environment, i.e., prey concentrations and turbulence levels. These parameters are all available in the field data. Other parameters such as the capture range and fields of view together with a characteristic time for digesting prey are assumed to be known. The analysis allows an estimate for the probability density of the gut content of plankton in terms of the number of nauplii in the gut. In particular, the analytical results give a basis for evaluating the average gut content of a given plankton population on the basis of basic information concerning the prey concentration and the turbulence intensity. Also analytical models for the prey capture rates are compared with results based on the field data. The analysis emphasizes the effects of turbulence.
Targeted next‐generation sequencing approach for molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary colorectal cancer: Identification of a novel single nucleotide germline insertion in adenomatous polyposis coli gene causes familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Wang Dan , Liang Shengyun , Zhang Xipeng , Dey Subrata Kumar , Li Yuwei , Xu Chen , Yu Yongjun , Li Mingsen , Zhao Guoru , Zhang Zhao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease which primarily manifested with developing adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. It is caused by the germline mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients with FAP are usually manifested with “hundreds or even thousands” adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. However, without proper clinical diagnosis and timely surgical interventions, colorectal adenomas, or polyps gradually increase in size and in numbers which finally leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) at the mean age of 36 years of the patient.MethodsIn this study, we identified a family with FAP. In this family, FAP has been diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, medical test reports, and positive family history for three generations. In order to unveil the molecular genetic consequences underlying the disease phenotype, we performed next‐generation sequencing with a customized and designed panel of genes reported to be associated with hereditary CRC. The variant identified by next‐generation sequencing has been validated by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA heterozygous novel insertion [c.3992_3993insA; p.Thr1332Asnfs*10] in exon 16 of APC gene has been identified. This novel insertion is cosegregated well with the FAP phenotype among all the affected members of this family. This mutation causes a frameshift by the formation of a premature stop codon which finally results in the formation of a truncated APC protein of 1,342 amino acids instead of the wild type APC protein of 2,843 amino acids. Hence, this is a loss‐of‐function mutation. This mutation was not found in unaffected family members or in normal control individuals.ConclusionOur present study emphasizes the importance of a novel approach of the gene panel‐based high‐throughput sequencing technology for easy and rapid screening for patients with FAP or CRC which will help the clinician for follow‐up and management.
Lack of association of the IL‐1RN and IL‐10 polymorphisms with risk of psoriasis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiao Ju , Jia Qian‐Nan , Jin Hong‐Zhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe present study carried out a meta‐analysis to investigate whether the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN) VNTR polymorphism and three IL‐10 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1800896, rs3021097, and rs1800872 are associated with psoriasis risk.MethodsWanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Medline, and PubMed databases were searched for potential studies published until 2 November 2017. Forest plots were generated.ResultsThirteen case–control studies were included in the review. The results of meta‐analyses revealed no association of the IL‐1RN*2 allele with psoriasis in the overall populations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.89–1.50, p = 0.279), Asians (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.73–2.23, p = 0.403), and Caucasians (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88–1.23, p = 0.669). Under the allelic model, there was no statistically significant association of psoriasis with the IL‐10 SNPs rs1800896 (G allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90–1.18, p = 0.639), rs3021097 (C allele vs. T allele: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.88–1.56, p = 0.288), and rs1800872 (C allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81–1.25, p = 0.951). No publication bias was found by Egger's test and Begg's funnel plots.ConclusionCurrent published studies fail to support an association of the IL‐1RN VNTR polymorphism and IL‐10 SNPs rs1800896, rs3021097, and rs1800872 with psoriasis risk.