bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic effects of the UK government's proposed Brexit deal
Authors: Hantzsche Arno , Kara Amit , Young Garry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe focus of our analysis is on how the UK government's proposed Brexit deal is likely to affect the economy. First, we assess how trade, migration, foreign direct investment, productivity and contributions to the EU budget might change by reviewing current proposals against historical evidence. Second, we use the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) to analyse the macroeconomic effects. Our assessment is that trade with the EU, especially in services, would be more costly after Brexit. This would be likely to have adverse effects on living standards in the UK. Our central estimate is that if the government's proposed Brexit deal is implemented, then GDP in the longer term will be around 3% lower per head than it would have been had the UK stayed in the EU. If the UK were to stay in a customs union with the EU, or if the Irish backstop position was to be invoked, there would still be a hit to GDP per capita of 2%. These estimates represent our considered view of the economic impact of the government's proposed Brexit deal, but they are themselves uncertain as there is no historical precedent of a country leaving a major trading block such as the EU.
Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs
Authors: Gomez‐Fernandez‐Blanco Carlos , Peeters Dominique , Moyse Evelyne , Farnir Frédéric , Höglund Katja , Gouni Vassiliki , Wiberg Maria , Lundgren Willesen Jakob , Hanås Sofia , McEntee Kathleen , Tiret Laurent , Häggström Jens , Lohi Hannes , Chetboul Valérie , Fredholm Merete , Seppälä Eija H , Lequarré Anne‐Sophie , Merveille Anne‐Christine 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundMarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism are used in both clinical practice and research. Detection of abnormal laboratory results often relies on species‐specific reference intervals, but interbreed variation can also affect data interpretation.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to compare concentrations of selected biochemical variables among different dog breeds.MethodsWe analyzed a database containing information on biochemical variables from 534 dogs belonging to nine different breeds. All dogs were confirmed to be healthy based on history, physical examination, and ancillary tests. Concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and C‐reactive protein were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests.ResultsAll variables tested showed significant interbreed differences, although all breeds remained within the previously established RIs for dogs. Fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol showed a wide interbreed variation that could affect the interpretation of results.ConclusionsBreed is an important factor to consider when assessing energy metabolism in dogs, especially for markers like fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol, which vary considerably among breeds.
Controlling the Locomotion of Spherical Robots or Why BB-8 Works
Authors: Akella Prithvi , O'Reilly Oliver M. , Sreenath Koushil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Spherical robots have a wide range of self-propulsion mechanisms. Of particular interest in this paper are propulsion systems where wheels are placed in contact with the inner surface of the spherical shell of the robot. Here, locomotion is achieved by a combination of the actions of the motors along with the rolling constraints at the point of contact of the shell with the ground surface. We ask and seek the answer to the following question using elementary arguments: What is the minimal number of actuations needed to completely prescribe the motion of the robot for the two distinct cases where it is rolling and sliding on a surface? We find that two points of actuation are all that is needed provided some simple geometric conditions are satisfied. Our analysis is then applied to the BB-8 robot to show how locomotion is achieved in this robot.
Hot topics in Fabry disease
Authors: Cairns Tereza , Müntze Jonas , Gernert Judith , Spingler Lisa , Nordbeck Peter , Wanner Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFabry disease is a rare inborn error of the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-Gal) and results in lysosomal substrate accumulation in tissues with a wide range of clinical presentations. The disease has attracted a lot of interest over the last years, in particular since enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has become widely available in 2001. With rising awareness and rising numbers of (diagnosed) patients, physicians encounter new challenges. Over 900 α-Gal gene mutations are currently known, some with doubtful clinical significance, posing diagnostic and prognostic difficulties for the clinician and a lot of uncertainty for patients. Another challenge are patients who develop neutralising antibodies to ERT, which possibly leads to reduced therapy effectiveness. In this article, we summarise the latest developments in the science community regarding diagnostics and management of this rare lysosomal storage disorder and offer an outlook to future treatments.
Using Communities of Words Derived from Multilingual Word Vectors for Cross-Language Information Retrieval in Indian Languages
Authors: Bhattacharya Paheli , Goyal Pawan , Sarkar Sudeshna 
Published: December 2018

We investigate the use of word embeddings for query translation to improve precision in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Word vectors represent words in a distributional space such that syntactically or semantically similar words are close to each other in this space. Multilingual word embeddings are constructed in such a way that similar words across languages have similar vector representations. We explore the effective use of bilingual and multilingual word embeddings learned from comparable corpora of Indic languages to the task of CLIR.
We propose a clustering method based on the multilingual word vectors to group similar words across languages. For this we construct a graph with words from multiple languages as nodes and with edges connecting words with similar vectors. We use the Louvain method for community detection to find communities in this graph. We show that choosing target language words as query translations from the clusters or communities containing the query terms helps in improving CLIR. We also find that better-quality query translations are obtained when words from more languages are used to do the clustering even when the additional languages are neither the source nor the target languages. This is probably because having more similar words across multiple languages helps define well-defined dense subclusters that help us obtain precise query translations.
In this article, we demonstrate the use of multilingual word embeddings and word clusters for CLIR involving Indic languages. We also make available a tool for obtaining related words and the visualizations of the multilingual word vectors for English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, and Tamil.
DISH
Authors: Tiloca Marco , Guglielmo Domenico De , Dini Gianluca , Anastasi Giuseppe , Das Sajal K. 
Published: December 2018

The MAC standard amendment IEEE 802.15.4e is designed to meet the requirements of industrial and critical applications. In particular, the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode divides time into periodic, equally sized, slotframes composed of transmission timeslots. Then, it combines time slotted access with multichannel and channel hopping capabilities, providing large network capacity, high reliability, and predictable latency while ensuring energy efficiency. Since every network node considers the same timeslots at each slotframe and selects physical channels according to a periodic function, TSCH produces a steady channel utilization pattern. This can be exploited by a selective jammer to entirely thwart communications of a victim node in a way that is stealthy, effective, and extremely energy efficient. This article shows how a selective jamming attack can be successfully performed even though TSCH uses the IEEE 802.15.4e security services. Furthermore, we propose DISH, a countermeasure which randomly permutes the timeslot and channel utilization patterns at every slotframe in a consistent and completely distributed way without requiring any additional message exchange. We have implemented DISH for the Contiki OS and tested its effectiveness on TelosB sensor nodes. Quantitative analysis for different network configurations shows that DISH effectively contrasts selective jamming with negligible performance penalty.
Distributed Computing Column 72
Authors: Welch Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2018

As with prior December issues, this issue is devoted to a review of notable events related to distributed computing that occurred during the year.
First, congratulations to Bowen Alpern and Fred Schneider, winners of the 2018 Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing for their paper \De ning Liveness"! Their paper appeared in Information Processing Letters in October 1985. The prize is jointly sponsored by ACM and EATCS, and is given alternately at PODC1 and DISC2; this year it was given at PODC. This paper formally de ned liveness properties of concurrent and distributed algorithms for the rst time and also proved that every trace property is the conjunction of a safety property and a liveness property. The full citation can be found at http://www.podc.org/dijkstra/2018-dijkstra-prize/. I am delighted to include in this column the text of the remarks that Fred and Bowen gave at PODC when the award was presented to them.
History and Context for Defining Liveness
Authors: Schneider Fred 
Published: December 2018

It's great to be back at PODC. I attended this conference religiously through 1992. It's interesting to see what has changed but also what has not changed in 25 years. And I can't think of a happier excuse to be back. All of us know how gratifying it is to see that our work is having impact, and that's what this award signi es.
To win an award that carries Dijkstra's name is especially meaningful for me. As a graduate student, I read and reread Dijkstra's work; it changed the way I looked at systems research and the research enterprise. (Bowen will o er some remarks that expand on this theme.) I then had a chance to meet Dijkstra when I served as teaching assistant for a 1-week short course he taught in Santa Cruz. That was the summer following my rst year as an assistant professor at Cornell; my colleague David Gries had gotten me the assistantship. I guess I did OK, because Dijkstra and his wife Ria subsequently invited me to visit their home in Nuenen (The Netherlands) for a week. What a thrill. I subsequently saw Dijkstra at technical meetings and socially at least once a year, until he passed away. So, yes, I have many Dijkstra stories to tell. Catch me after dessert for those. You can read our paper \De ning Liveness" (it's only 5 pages!) if you are interested in the technical details. I thought that instead I would talk about how we developed those ideas and where things stand today. I'm always fascinated by the history behind discoveries, and I suspect that I'm not alone in enjoying this \academic gossip".
Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Implicates Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor Signaling as Driver of Cancer-induced Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Wilson Hannah E. , Rhodes Kacey K. , Rodriguez Daniel , Chahal Ikttesh , Stanton David A. , Bohlen Joseph , Davis Mary , Infante Aniello M. , Hazard-Jenkins Hannah , Klinke David J. , Pugacheva Elena N. , Pistilli Emidio E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
This study tested the hypothesis that a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model would recapitulate the common clinical phenomenon of breast cancer–induced skeletal muscle (SkM) fatigue in the absence of muscle wasting. This study additionally sought to identify drivers of this condition to facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for patients with breast cancer experiencing muscle fatigue.

Experimental Design:
Eight female BC-PDOX–bearing mice were produced via transplantation of tumor tissue from 8 female patients with breast cancer. Individual hind limb muscles from BC-PDOX mice were isolated at euthanasia for RNA-sequencing, gene and protein analyses, and an ex vivo muscle contraction protocol to quantify tumor-induced aberrations in SkM function. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the BC-PDOX mice relative to control mice were identified using DESeq2, and multiple bioinformatics platforms were employed to contextualize the DEGs.

Results:
We found that SkM from BC-PDOX–bearing mice showed greater fatigability than control mice, despite no differences in absolute muscle mass. PPAR, mTOR, IL6, IL1, and several other signaling pathways were implicated in the transcriptional changes observed in the BC-PDOX SkM. Moreover, 3 independent in silico analyses identified PPAR signaling as highly dysregulated in the SkM of both BC-PDOX–bearing mice and human patients with early-stage nonmetastatic breast cancer.

Conclusions:
Collectively, these data demonstrate that the BC-PDOX model recapitulates the expected breast cancer–induced SkM fatigue and further identify aberrant PPAR signaling as an integral factor in the pathology of this condition.
NF-κB and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Form a Positive Feedback Loop that Regulates DNA Repair in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Li Ding , Luo Yufei , Chen Xianling , Zhang LingYu , Wang Tingting , Zhuang Yingting , Fan Yingjuan , Xu Jianhua , Chen Yuanzhong , Wu Lixian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

NF-κB mediates acquired resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. Because DNA repair is the major molecular shift that alters sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, we explored whether activation of the NF-κB pathway promotes AML cell survival by regulating DNA repair after chemotherapy. Our results showed that RELA, an important subunit of NF-κB, regulated DNA repair by binding to the promoter region of the PARP1 gene and affecting PARP1 gene transcription. Conversely, PARP1 knockdown reduced NF-κB activity, indicating that NF-κB and PARP1 create a positive feedback loop in DNA repair. Simultaneous treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor BMS-345541 and the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib resulted in robust killing of AML cells. This dual inhibition significantly suppressed tumor growth and extended survival times in xenograft tumor models.

Implications:
RELA and PARP1 form a positive feedback loop to regulate DNA damage repair, simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB and PARP1 increases the antileukemic efficacy of daunorubicin in vitro and in vivo, broadening the use of PARP1 inhibitors.
O pulo do gato da indústria da cultura
Authors: Camargo Cristina Moura Emboaba da Costa Julião de 
Published: December 2018

Discussão crítica sobre as manifestações musicais produzidas para o consumo industrializado, destacando suas especificidades e usos, da informalidade espontânea ao controle mercadológico/ideológico da indústria da cultura (ADORNO, 1944) e do entretenimento dirigido, suas consequências e perspectivas na sociedade contemporânea de sensibilidade adestrada e gosto nivelado. Em contrapartida, o universo transgressor da arte e o impacto do ensino da música enquanto linguagem (compreensão da obra e a construção do gosto e do juízo estético) como possibilidades de formação crítica e resistência à essa estrutura de controle e de consumo.
Description of the male of Darditilla araxa (Cresson, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with geographical distribution, biological notes and key to males of Brazil
Authors: LOPEZ VINICIUS M. , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER , TRAD BHRENNO M. , SILVESTRE ROGERIO 
Published: December 2018

The previously unknown male of Darditilla araxa is here described based on association with females in copula. We also present a map with its geographical distribution, additional biological notes and a key for known Brazilian males of Darditilla.
Evaluation of Reanalyses over British Columbia. Part II: Daily and Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Odon Pedro , West Gregory , Stull Roland 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates how well reanalyses represent daily and multiday accumulated precipitation (hereinafter daily PCP) over British Columbia, Canada (Part I evaluated 2-m temperature). Reanalyses are compared with observations from 66 meteorological stations distributed over the complex terrain of British Columbia, separated into climate regions byk-means clustering. Systematic error, two-sampleχ2statistic, and frequency of daily PCP occurrence are evaluated from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and the latest Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (version 2; MERRA-2). The 2- and 30-yr return levels of daily PCP are estimated from a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by the method of L moments, and their systematic errors are analyzed. JRA-55 and MERRA-2 generally outperform ERA-Interim and CFSR across all metrics. Biases are largely explained by poor reanalysis representation of terrain characteristics such as steepness, exposure, elevation, location of barriers, and wind speed and direction. Statistical stationarity of precipitation intensity and frequency over the 30-yr period is assessed by using confidence intervals and GEV distributions fitted with and without time-dependent parameters. It is determined that stationary distributions are sufficient to represent the climate of daily PCP for this region and time period.
Drought Characteristics and Propagation in the Semiarid Heihe River Basin in Northwestern China
Authors: Ma Feng , Luo Lifeng , Ye Aizhong , Duan Qingyun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Meteorological and hydrological droughts can bring different socioeconomic impacts. In this study, we investigated meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics and propagation using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI), over the upstream and midstream of the Heihe River basin (UHRB and MHRB, respectively). The correlation analysis and cross-wavelet transform were adopted to explore the relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts in the basin. Three modeling experiments were performed to quantitatively understand how climate change and human activities influence hydrological drought and propagation. Results showed that meteorological drought characteristics presented little difference between UHRB and MHRB, while hydrological drought events are more frequent in the MHRB. In the UHRB, there were positive relationships between meteorological and hydrological droughts, whereas drought events became less frequent but longer when meteorological drought propagated into hydrological drought. Human activities have obviously changed the positive correlation to negative in the MHRB, especially during warm and irrigation seasons. The propagation time varied with seasonal climate characteristics and human activities, showing shorter values due to higher evapotranspiration, reservoir filling, and irrigation. Quantitative evaluation showed that climate change was inclined to increase streamflow and propagation time, contributing from −57% to 63%. However, more hydrological droughts and shorter propagation time were detected in the MHRB because human activities play a dominant role in water consumption with contribution rate greater than (−)89%. This study provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of hydrological drought and for the development of improved hydrological drought warning and forecasting system in the HRB.
How Does Development Mean? Attitudes toward Mining and the Social Meaning of Development in Guatemala
Authors: Dougherty Michael L. 
Published: December 2018

The ways that the concept of development comes to mean refract individual value sets and map onto Guatemalan host-community residents’ attitudes toward mining. Economically oriented residents tend to support mining while those who prioritize public health and environmental advocacy tend to oppose it. Individuals who trust institutions of the state tend to support mining, while individuals who perceive these issues through the lens of their religious faith tend to oppose it. Concerns around public health are especially salient. Focusing on individual-level decision making rather than community-level action distinguishes between rationale and decision, thus highlighting the variegated social meanings underlying superficially similar attitudes. Mining attitudes and their rationales are heterogeneous and vary in intensity. Las maneras en las que el concepto del desarrollo adquiere significado reflejan los valores del individuo y se alinean con las actitudes hacia la minería que poseen los guatemaltecos residentes en comunidades anfitrionas de proyectos mineros. Las personas que valoran el desarrollo económico tienden a apoyar la minería mientras que aquellos que priorizan la salud pública y la defensa del medioambiente tienden a oponerse. Las personas que confían en las instituciones del estado tienden a apoyar la minería mientras los individuos que ven estos temas a través del lente de su fe religiosa tienden a oponerse. Sobresalen en especial las preocupaciones en torno a la salud pública. El enfoque en la toma de decisiones a nivel individual en lugar de en la acción a nivel comunitario se diferencia entre la razón y la decisión, resaltando así los significados sociales que subyacen en las actitudes superficialmente similares. Las actitudes hacia la minería y sus razonamientos son heterogéneas y varían en su intensidad.
Wells and Geneva Scores Are Not Reliable Predictors of Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Girardi Adriana M. , Bettiol Renata S. , Garcia Tiago S. , Ribeiro Gustavo L. H. , Rodrigues Édison Moraes , Gazzana Marcelo B. , Rech Tatiana H. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Critically ill patients are at high risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). Specific PE prediction rules have not been validated in this population. The present study assessed the Wells and revised Geneva scoring systems as predictors of PE in critically ill patients. Methods: Pulmonary computed tomographic angiograms (CTAs) performed for suspected PE in critically ill adult patients were retrospectively identified. Wells and revised Geneva scores were calculated based on information from medical records. The reliability of both scores as predictors of PE was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Of 138 patients, 42 (30.4%) were positive for PE based on pulmonary CTA. Mean Wells score was 4.3 (3.5) in patients with PE versus 2.7 (1.9) in patients without PE ( P < .001). Revised Geneva score was 5.8 (3.3) versus 5.1 (2.5) in patients with versus without PE ( P = .194). According to the Wells and revised Geneva scores, 56 (40.6%) patients and 49 (35.5%) patients, respectively, were considered as low probability for PE. Of those considered as low risk by the Wells score, 15 (26.8%) had filling defects on CTA, including 2 patients with main pulmonary artery embolism. The area under the ROC curve was 0.634 for the Wells score and 0.546 for the revised Geneva score. Wells score >4 had a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value of 59%, and negative predictive value of 77% to predict risk of PE. Conclusions: In this population of critically ill patients, Wells and revised Geneva scores were not reliable predictors of PE.