bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2D and 3D lung lobe quantification with Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio
Authors: Vogt Julia Katharina , Vogt Wolfgang Kurt , Heinzel Alexander , Mottaghy Felix M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, standard 2D lung lobe quantification is compared with two 3D lung lobe quantification software tools to investigate the clinical benefit of a 3D approach. The accuracy of 2D versus 3D lung lobe quantification is evaluated based on the calculated numerical ventilation-perfusion ratio (VQR) using a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.A study group of 50 consecutive patients underwent a planar lung scintigraphy (anterior/posterior) as well as ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to exclude acute pulmonary embolism. All data were acquired with SPECT OPTIMA NM/CT 640 (GE Healthcare). 2D analysis was performed for all ventilation/perfusion scans using a lung analysis tool (Syngo Workstation, Siemens Healthineers). 3D quantification analysis was performed using QLUNG (Q. Lung, Xeleris 4.0, GE Healthcare) and LLQ (Hermes Hybrid 3D Lung Lobar Quantification, Hermes Medical Solutions). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) served as a decision criterion to find the best agreement between clinical PE findings and calculated PE candidates of the 2D and 3D methods. The significance of the ROC curves was evaluated using the DeLong comparison.A significant difference between 2D/3D could be determined. Both 3D approaches showed robust and comparable results. The AUC range of [0.10, 0.67] was given for 2D lobar analysis, QLUNG AUC range revealed in [0.39,0.74] and LLQ AUC range was [0.42,0.72]. Averaged over all lung lobes an AUC=0.39 was given for 2D analysis and AUC=0.58 was given for LLQ/QLUNG.We could demonstrate the better performance of 3D analysis compared to 2D analysis. Consequently, is recommended to use a 3D approach in clinical practice.
Omega-3 Levels in Prenatal Supplements
Authors: Scourboutakos Mary J. , Harper Elenee H. , Kopec Michael T. , Rose Lauren , Forte Milena 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to systematically document the reported omega-3 levels in commercially available prenatal supplements in the United States and Canada, and compare these levels to recommended intakes in pregnancy.
Study Design Commercial prenatal supplements were identified using the Dietary Supplement Label Database (n = 50) and the Licensed Natural Health Products Database (n = 18). Mean omega-3 levels and the proportion of products meeting recommendations for pregnant women were tabulated.
Results Average omega-3 levels were 368 ± 33 mg in the United States and 404 ± 72 mg in Canada. Seventy percent of products in the United States and 61% in Canada contained the amount of omega-3 levels recommended for pregnant women with sufficient intakes. Sixteen percent of products in the United States and 28% in Canada contained the dose recommended for pregnant women with insufficient intakes.
Conclusion These results illustrate that commercial prenatal supplements contain a wide variety of omega-3 fatty acid levels that may or may not be consistent with recommended intake levels.
Key Points
Evolution of a Graph Model for the OMOP Common Data Model
Authors: Kang Mengjia , Alvarado-Guzman Jose A. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Starren Justin B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Graph databases for electronic health record (EHR) data have become a useful tool for clinical research in recent years, but there is a lack of published methods to transform relational databases to a graph database schema. We developed a graph model for the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM) that can be reused across research institutions.
Methods We created and evaluated four models, representing two different strategies, for converting the standardized clinical and vocabulary tables of OMOP into a property graph model within the Neo4j graph database. Taking the Successful Clinical Response in Pneumonia Therapy (SCRIPT) and Collaborative Resource for Intensive care Translational science, Informatics, Comprehensive Analytics, and Learning (CRITICAL) cohorts as test datasets with different sizes, we compared two of the resulting graph models with respect to database performance including database building time, query complexity, and runtime for both cohorts.
Results Utilizing a graph schema that was optimized for storing critical information as topology rather than attributes resulted in a significant improvement in both data creation and querying. The graph database for our larger cohort, CRITICAL, can be built within 1 hour for 134,145 patients, with a total of 749,011,396 nodes and 1,703,560,910 edges.
Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first generalized solution to convert the OMOP CDM to a graph-optimized schema. Despite being developed for studies at a single institution, the modeling method can be applied to other OMOP CDM v5.x databases. Our evaluation with the SCRIPT and CRITICAL cohorts and comparison between the current and previous versions show advantages in code simplicity, database building, and query speed.
Conclusion We developed a method for converting OMOP CDM databases into graph databases. Our experiments revealed that the final model outperformed the initial relational-to-graph transformation in both code simplicity and query efficiency, particularly for complex queries.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Romanelli Antonio , Langone Antonella , Minichino Flora , Gammaldi Renato 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis case report presents the innovative use of intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN-DEX) for sedation in an 82-year-old female patient undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The patient, with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, and chronic kidney failure, presented with sudden left-sided weakness. IN-DEX was administered to manage her agitation, achieving stable sedation without respiratory depression, facilitating EVT, and preserving the patient's cooperative state for accurate neurological assessments. The procedure was completed successfully, with stable vital parameters and no complications. This report highlights IN-DEX's potential as a noninvasive, effective sedative alternative in emergency neurological settings, emphasizing its advantages in maintaining respiratory function and reducing stress responses in AIS patients. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the broader applicability of IN-DEX in AIS management.
Role of Local Therapy for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Hui Caressa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOligometastatic disease is an increasingly recognized intermediate tumor state between locally confined and widely metastatic cancer. Oligometastatic gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent a heterogeneous spectrum of disease, and treatment strategies are tailored to each patient and are impacted by multiple factors. Recent advances in systemic therapies, imaging techniques, and local treatment modalities have revolutionized cancer treatment and present new opportunities to improve outcomes in patients with a limited burden of metastatic disease. However, there is currently a lack of consensus and robust literature to guide patient selection and treatment strategies, including the optimal role and timing of local therapies as adjuncts to standard-of-care systemic therapy. The intent of this review is to comprehensively discuss the role of local therapies in the modern management of oligometastatic GI malignancies.
Analysis of flow characteristics and pressure pulsation in impeller region of shaft tubular pump device with different tip clearances
Authors: Sun Shengjie , Jin Xiaoyu , Lin Zhikang , Shao Chunlou , Wang Hao , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2024

The shaft tubular pump device (STPD) impeller flow characteristics and occurrence regularity of tip clearance leakage (TCL) flow were investigated using a steady and unsteady three-dimensional numerical simulation with computational fluid dynamics as the basis. The energy performance, internal flow characteristics, and pressure pulsation characteristics of the STPD under various tip clearance widths were examined. The results indicate that the performance of STPD is negatively impacted by an increase in tip clearance width. With an increase in tip clearance width from 0.2 to 0.5 and 1.0 mm, the efficiency of the STPD decreases by 1.57% and 3.13%, respectively, when flow coefficient is 0.49. Tip clearance width variation has less of an impact on the impeller inlet’s flow, especially the velocity distribution. When tip clearance width grows, the flow pressure pulses from impeller flange to hub side. Meantime, the unstable region at the impeller shifts from the rim to the hub, and TCL flow develops outward to the nearby blades. As flow rate increases, tip clearance width has a gradually decreasing effect on flow.
On word stress in Mandarin
Authors: Yan Fang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Qingsheng and qingyin have
long been a set of confusing concepts in Chinese linguistic studies. In
literature scholars usually agree on the use of qingsheng to
refer to the neutral tone in Mandarin. However, some scholars believe that
qingsheng is the same as qingyin and use
them interchangeably. Furthermore, the term qingyin is used to
prove that Mandarin has word stress, since word stress, or
zhongyin in Chinese is the counterpart of
qingyin. Therefore, it is important to clarify the
relationship between the two concepts, namely qingsheng and
qingyin to determine the linguistic and typological nature
of Mandarin. This study tried to differentiate these two concepts both
phonetically and phonologically and proved that qingsheng is a
result of a set of tonal processes, such as tone sandhi, tone neutralization,
tone spreading, while qingyin is a result of a series of
metrical process, such as clash and lapse. It also compared
qingsheng and qingyin on their functions,
classifications, origins, and did a quantitative study on the distribution of
the qingsheng words in Mandarin to further prove that
qingsheng and qingyin are two completely
different concepts, and hence proved that it is invalid to claim Mandarin has
word stress because of the existence of qingsheng.
Social media, politics, and the rise of the anti-refugee far-right in Turkey
Authors: Efe İbrahim , Ülker Osman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the discursive strategies of Turkey’s emerging far-right political party, the Zafer Partisi
(Victory Party). The Party’s leader, Ümit Özdağ, gained unexpected electoral influence in 2023, prominently advocating for the
expulsion of Syrian refugees. Combining content and critical discourse analysis, the paper delves into the discursive features of
Özdağ’s tweets on refugees. Subsequently, it aims to understand the intricacies of the party’s anti-refugee stance within the
context of Turkish politics and its implications for relationships between Turkish society and refugees. The dataset comprises
3008 tweets spanning from November 18, 2022, to November 18, 2023. The analysis reveals Özdağ’s construction of a securitization
narrative, framing refugees as a threat and positioning his party as the defender of Turkish identity. His far-right stance,
distinguishes itself by strategically targeting Syrian refugees, appealing to public concerns, and casting suspicions on local and
international actors, specifically the ruling party in Turkey and the EU.
Farmers as symbol of ‘the people’
Authors: Lambrechts Gijs , De Cleen Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite increased attention to the far right and environmental issues, little research has focused on the
increasingly prominent attempts by populist radical right (PRR) parties to capitalize on farmers’ protests against climate and
biodiversity policies across Europe. This article addresses this gap by analyzing PRR discourse through a case study of the
Flemish PRR party, Vlaams Belang (VB), a party that has only recently started to present itself as the defender of farmers and
rural populations. A discourse-theoretical analysis of VB’s 2019–2024 publications on farmers and agriculture reveals that VB
employs the ‘the rural’ as a symbolic signifier to integrate farmers and their demands into its discourse. The party constructs
farmers as the symbol of ‘the people’ through both nationalism and populism. Through their link with ‘the rural,’ farmers are
positioned as rooted in ‘the nation’ within VB’s nationalist politics and as part of ‘the underdog’ in its populist politics.
Design and analysis of a proposed inorganic a-Si/Sb2S3 near-infrared narrowband photodetector
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim S , Qaid Saif M H , Elogail Yasmine , Asemi Nassar , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali , Shaker Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is a significant demand for narrowband photodetectors (NBPDs) operating within the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range (650 and 900 nm) in various applications, especially in biomedical sensing. In this TCAD computational study, a filter-less NBPD employing a p-n heterojunction a-Si/Sb2Se3 architecture is designed and analyzed. The pivotal aspect of this photodetector lies in its hierarchy, with structure featuring a wider bandgap amorphous silicon (a-Si) material having a thicker layer followed by a slightly narrower bandgap Sb2Se3 material with a shorter film. The detector inorganic architecture FTO/a-Si/Sb2Se3/Au is established within SCAPS-1D numerical simulations, following an experimentally validated NIR NBPD based on CdSe/Sb2(S, Se)3. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented NBPD design exhibits adequate performance with a thickness of 7.0 µm for the a-Si layer and an Sb2Se3-layer thickness of 1.2 µm, achieving a selective spectral response at 684 nm having a full width half-maximum (FWHM) of 35.4 nm and a photoresponsivity of approximately 0.389 A/W under no bias conditions. This a-Si/Sb2Se3 NBPD efficiently detects wavelength range of 650 to 725 nm, offering valuable insights for the development of filter-less low-cost eco-friendly NIR NBPD. Additionally, the proposed structure eliminates the need for an organic hole transportation layer, thereby enhancing the detector stability.&#xD;
Tunable slow-light with different definitions of velocity on isolated graphene
Authors: Abdollahi Mohammad Amin , Moradi Gholamreza , Askarpour Amir Nader 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We numerically investigate surface wave propagation in an isolated graphene sheet, an extremely dispersive medium, for tunable slow-light. This surface wave is tightly confined to the graphene. The propagation velocity of this wave is calculated in five different ways. These velocities are phase velocity, group velocity, energy velocity, centro-velocity, and cross-correlation velocity. Calculations show that except for the group velocity, all the introduced velocities are in the same range, whereas the group velocity is significantly different from others. However, in the literature, the definition of slow-light is based on the group velocity. So, it seems that providing a new terminology for slow-light is necessary. In defining this new terminology, we attempt to choose velocities with the best-quantified pulse velocity description with two critical features: proper physical interpretation and measurability. It is found that the velocities in the time domain provide more acceptable performance and are more physically meaningful than the velocities in the frequency domain.
Numerical calculation of N-periodic wave solutions to two kinds of generalized (2+1)-dimensional KdV-type equations
Authors: Xin Pengcheng , Zhao Zhonglong , Wang Yu , Guo Zun-Guang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, by combining the direct method proposed by Nakamura with the numerical algorithms, the N-periodic wave solutions of two kinds of (2+1)-dimensional KdV-type equations are investigated, which are applied in fluid dynamics and plasma physics. The problem of solving N-periodic wave solutions can be transformed into a least squares problem and addressed by using numerical algorithms. The three- and four-periodic wave solutions of the KdV-type equations are obtained and some numerical results are presented. It is verified that the N-periodic wave solutions approach to the N-soliton solutions under a small amplitude limit. The dynamic behaviors of the quasi-periodic wave solutions are analyzed by utilizing the characteristic lines. The numerical procedure adopted in this paper can be further generalized to other high-dimensional nonlinear integrable systems.
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of the propagation law of plasma pulse shock waves
Authors: Fang Song , Wang Jin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Hufeng , Liu Jiawei , Xue Qilong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plasma pulse shock wave rock-breaking technology represents a novel approach to rock fracturing. Present research on this subject largely addresses rocks and electrodes, yet often neglects the critical influence of shock waves in the rock-breaking process. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the propagation law of the shock wave and its reflection and transmission. This paper undertakes experimental simulations using the RHT rock model to explore the propagation process of plasma pulse shock waves based on two variables: the medium and the shape of the electrode. Integrated with one-dimensional stress wave theory, the study examines the impact of four specific parameters—dielectric thickness, surrounding rock height, surrounding rock density, and surrounding rock porosity—on the reflection and transmission rates of shock waves. Pressure data collected from experimental platform are utilized to validate the study’s conclusions. The findings indicate that the propagation behaviors of shock waves differ significantly between water and air mediums. The shape of the electrode causes significant differences in the pressure exerted by the shock wave at the same location. Both the thickness of the dielectric and the porosity of the surrounding rock show a positive correlation with the reflection coefficient and a negative correlation with the transmission coefficient, while the density of the surrounding rock exhibits an inverse relationship. The height of the surrounding rock is irrelevant to both reflection and transmission coefficients.
UAV detection in complex background with multi-scale feature fusion enhancement and channel-weight matching up-sampling
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Li Kunpeng , Ji Miaoxin , Liu Zhenjiang , Zhang Chi , Yu Yuanjin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The reckless flight of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) seriously threatens the public and aviation safety. Due to their small size and unobvious features, it remains a great challenge for the current detection algorithms to detect UAV, especially in complex backgrounds with backlighting. To address these issues, the multiscale feature fusion enhancement strategy and channel-weight matching (CWM) rule are proposed in this paper. A multiscale feature fusion enhancement strategy is presented to capture the multi-scale contextual information, which not only suppresses information conflicts but also enhances feature extraction capabilities. Then, an up-sampling method based on CWM is designed to enhance the sensitivity of small object, which uses different up-sampling techniques based on the importance level of each feature channel. Finally, a feature refinement module for small object is designed to further enhance the characterization of their features. The ablation and comparative experiments are carried out on the self-made UAV dataset. Compared to the original YOLOv5 algorithm, the proposed method shows an increase of 3.6% in mAP0.5 and 2.8% in mAP0.5:0.95, respectively. Moreover, the comparative experiments are implemented on the VisDrone2019 dataset, and the results indicate that the mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 of the proposed method also increase by 4.2% and 1.6%, respectively.
Enhanced electro-optical performance of barium oxide stacked layers via platinum nanosheets designed for wide band light absorption and terahertz technology
Authors: Gaabour Laila H , Qasrawi A F , Alharbi Seham R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, stacked films of barium oxide (BaO) comprising platinum nanosheets in its structure are designed as electro-optical filters applicable in terahertz technology. The layers were fabricated by the thermal evaporation technique. It was shown that insertion of 50 nm and 100 nm thick Pt nanosheets between stacked layers of BaO improves the crystallinity of the layers by reducing the strains and defect concentrations. In addition, the light absorption and optical conduction is enhanced by more than 300%, 900% and 100% in the ultraviolet (3.5–4.10 eV), visible (1.80–3.10 eV) and infrared (1.10–1.75 eV) ranges of light, respectively. The insertion of Pt nanosheets led to an increase in the dielectric constant

ε

r

values by over 104%. Specifically,

ε

r

values were initially 1.2–1.5, 1.6–1.8, and 1.8–2.0 in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light ranges, respectively. Upon incorporating Pt nanosheets with a thickness of 200 nm, these

ε

r

values increased to 1.4–1.7 in the ultraviolet, 1.8–3.6 in the visible, and 3.7–3.9 in the infrared ranges. Significant increase in the terahertz cutoff frequency from ∼2.5 THz to ∼15.35 THz was achieved in the infrared range of light. Moreover, the optical conductivity parameters which were obtained with the help of Drude–Lorentz electro-optical analysis showed remarkable enhancement in the free carrier concentration and in the drift mobility of the BaO optical filters from 5

×

10

18

cm−3 and 0.47 cm2 Vs−1 to 7

×

10

18

cm−3 and 2.03 cm2 Vs−1 to 9

×

10

18

cm−3 and 2.03 cm2 Vs−1 upon insertion of Pt nanosheets of thicknesses of 100 nm and 200 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature dependent electrical conductivity measurements has shown that Pt nanosheets increased the electrical conductivity of BaO by eight orders of magnitude. The features of BaO stacked layers comprising Pt nanosheets are promising for terahertz technology applications as waveguides and wideband optical filters.
Solutions and quantum dynamics of the quantum Rabi model with A-square terms
Authors: Chen Xiang-You , Ye Tian , Chen Qing-Hu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is well known that the A-square term must be considered in both cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics systems, because it arises in the derivation from the minimal coupling Hamiltonian at any finite coupling strength. In this paper, we study the quantum Rabi model with A-square terms using the Bogoliubov operator approach. After a unitary transformation, the A-square terms can be eliminated, resulting in a modified quantum Rabi model with renormalized parameters. A transcendental function responsible for the exact solution is then derived. The presence of the A-square terms is found to significantly alter the energy spectrum. The dynamics are also studied using the obtained exact wave function, which is sensitive to the strength of the A-square terms at strong coupling. We believe that these results could be observed in future light–matter interaction systems in the ultra-strong and deep strong coupling regimes.