bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel environment-evoked transcriptional signature predicts reactivity in single dentate granule neurons
Authors: Jaeger Baptiste N. , Linker Sara B. , Parylak Sarah L. , Barron Jerika J. , Gallina Iryna S. , Saavedra Christian D. , Fitzpatrick Conor , Lim Christina K. , Schafer Simon T. , Lacar Benjamin , Jessberger Sebastian , Gage Fred H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractActivity-induced remodeling of neuronal circuits is critical for memory formation. This process relies in part on transcription, but neither the rate of activity nor baseline transcription is equal across neuronal cell types. In this study, we isolated mouse hippocampal populations with different activity levels and used single nucleus RNA-seq to compare their transcriptional responses to activation. One hour after novel environment exposure, sparsely active dentate granule (DG) neurons had a much stronger transcriptional response compared to more highly active CA1 pyramidal cells and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) interneurons. Activity continued to impact transcription in DG neurons up to 5 h, with increased heterogeneity. By re-exposing the mice to the same environment, we identified a unique transcriptional signature that selects DG neurons for reactivation upon re-exposure to the same environment. These results link transcriptional heterogeneity to functional heterogeneity and identify a transcriptional correlate of memory encoding in individual DG neurons.
Dipolar cations confer defect tolerance in wide-bandgap metal halide perovskites
Authors: Tan Hairen , Che Fanglin , Wei Mingyang , Zhao Yicheng , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Todorović Petar , Broberg Danny , Walters Grant , Tan Furui , Zhuang Taotao , Sun Bin , Liang Zhiqin , Yuan Haifeng , Fron Eduard , Kim Junghwan , Yang Zhenyu , Voznyy Oleksandr , Asta Mark , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) enable high-efficiency tandem photovoltaics when combined with crystalline silicon and other low-bandgap absorbers. However, wide-bandgap PSCs today exhibit performance far inferior to that of sub-1.6-eV bandgap PSCs due to their tendency to form a high density of deep traps. Here, we show that healing the deep traps in wide-bandgap perovskites—in effect, increasing the defect tolerance via cation engineering—enables further performance improvements in PSCs. We achieve a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 20.7% for 1.65-eV bandgap PSCs by incorporating dipolar cations, with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.22 V and a fill factor exceeding 80%. We also obtain a stabilized efficiency of 19.1% for 1.74-eV bandgap PSCs with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V. From density functional theory calculations, we find that the presence and reorientation of the dipolar cation in mixed cation–halide perovskites heals the defects that introduce deep trap states.
Differential dynamics of cortical neuron dendritic trees revealed by long-term in vivo imaging in neonates
Authors: Nakazawa Shingo , Mizuno Hidenobu , Iwasato Takuji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProper neuronal circuit function relies on precise dendritic projection, which is established through activity-dependent refinement during early postnatal development. Here we revealed dynamics of dendritic refinement in the mammalian brain by conducting long-term imaging of the neonatal mouse barrel cortex. By “retrospective” analyses, we identified “prospective” barrel-edge spiny stellate (SS) neurons in early neonates, which had an apical dendrite and primitive basal dendrites (BDs). These neurons retracted the apical dendrite gradually and established strong BD orientation bias through continuous “dendritic tree” turnover. A greater chance of survival was given to BD trees emerged in the barrel-center side, where thalamocortical axons (TCAs) cluster. When the spatial bias of TCA inputs to SS neurons was lost, BD tree turnover was suppressed, and most BD trees became stable and elaborated mildly. Thus, barrel-edge SS neurons could establish the characteristic BD projection pattern through differential dynamics of dendritic trees induced by spatially biased inputs.
Gating of miRNA movement at defined cell-cell interfaces governs their impact as positional signals
Authors: Skopelitis Damianos S. , Hill Kristine , Klesen Simon , Marco Cristina F. , von Born Patrick , Chitwood Daniel H. , Timmermans Marja C. P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMobile small RNAs serve as local positional signals in development and coordinate stress responses across the plant. Despite its central importance, an understanding of how the cell-to-cell movement of small RNAs is governed is lacking. Here, we show that miRNA mobility is precisely regulated through a gating mechanism polarised at defined cell–cell interfaces. This generates directional movement between neighbouring cells that limits long-distance shoot-to-root trafficking, and underpins domain-autonomous behaviours of small RNAs within stem cell niches. We further show that the gating of miRNA mobility occurs independent of mechanisms controlling protein movement, identifying the small RNA as the mobile unit. These findings reveal gate-keepers of cell-to-cell small RNA mobility generate selectivity in long-distance signalling, and help safeguard functional domains within dynamic stem cell niches while mitigating a ‘signalling gridlock’ in contexts where developmental patterning events occur in close spatial and temporal vicinity.
Control of Propionibacterium acnes by natural antimicrobial substances: Role of the bacteriocin AS-48 and lysozyme
Authors: Cebrián Rubén , Arévalo Sergio , Rubiño Susana , Arias-Santiago Salvador , Rojo María Dolores , Montalbán-López Manuel , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Valdivia Eva , Maqueda Mercedes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report the high susceptibility of several clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes from different sources (skin, bone, wound exudates, abscess or blood contamination) to the head-to-tail cyclized bacteriocin AS-48. This peptide is a feasible candidate for further pharmacological development against this bacterium, due to its physicochemical and biological characteristics, even when it is growing in a biofilm. Thus, the treatment of pre-formed biofilms with AS-48 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent disruption of the biofilm architecture beside the decrease of bacterial viability. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of lysozyme to bolster the inhibitory activity of AS-48 against P. acnes, rendering high reductions in the MIC values, even in matrix-growing cultures, according to the results obtained using a range of microscopy and bioassay techniques. The improvement of the activity of AS-48 through its co-formulation with lysozyme may be considered an alternative in the control of P. acnes, especially after proving the absence of cytotoxicity demonstrated by these natural compounds on relevant human skin cell lines. In summary, this study supports that compositions comprising the bacteriocin AS-48 plus lysozyme must be considered as promising candidates for topical applications with medical and pharmaceutical purposes against dermatological diseases such as acne vulgaris.
Comprehensive profiling of transcriptional networks specific for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 mammary epithelial stem-like cells
Authors: Sornapudi Trinadha Rao , Nayak Rakhee , Guthikonda Prashanth Kumar , Pasupulati Anil Kumar , Kethavath Srinivas , Uppada Vanita , Mondal Sukalpa , Yellaboina Sailu , Kurukuti Sreenivasulu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of mammary gland as a lactogenic tissue is a highly coordinated multistep process. The epithelial cells of lactiferous tubules undergo profound changes during the developmental window of puberty, pregnancy, and lactation. Several hormones including estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids and prolactin act in concert, and orchestrate the development of mammary gland. Understanding the gene regulatory networks that coordinate proliferation and differentiation of HC11 Mammary Epithelial stem-like Cells (MEC) under the influence of lactogenic hormones is critical for elucidating the mechanism of lactogenesis in detail. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of undifferentiated MEC (normal) and compared them with Murine Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) using next-generation mRNA sequencing. Further, we analyzed the transcriptome output during lactogenic differentiation of MEC following treatment with glucocorticoids (primed state) and both glucocorticoids and prolactin together (prolactin state). We established stage-specific gene regulatory networks in ESC and MEC (normal, priming and prolactin states). We validated the top up-and downregulated genes in each stage of differentiation of MEC by RT-PCR and found that they are comparable with that of RNA-seq data. HC11 MEC display decreased expression of Pou5f1 and Sox2, which is crucial for the differentiation of MEC, which otherwise ensure pluripotency to ESC. Cited4 is induced during priming and is involved in milk secretion. MEC upon exposure to both glucocorticoids and prolactin undergo terminal differentiation, which is associated with the expression of several genes, including Xbp1 and Cbp that are required for cell growth and differentiation. Our study also identified differential expression of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators in each stage of lactogenic differentiation. We also analyzed the transcriptome data for the pathways that are selectively activated during lactogenic differentiation. Further, we found that selective expression of chromatin modulators (Dnmt3l, Chd9) in response to glucocorticoids suggests a highly coordinated stage-specific lactogenic differentiation of MEC.
Modified zero‐voltage‐switching single‐stage LED driver based on Class E converter with constant frequency control method
Authors: Zhang Shu , Liu Xiaosheng , Guan Yueshi , Yao Yousu , Alonso Jose Marcos 
Published: July 2018

This study presents an integrated‐stage AC–DC lighting‐emitting diode (LED) driver based on flyback and Class‐E converter with high power factor (PF) with a wide range of the duty cycle. The flyback circuit works in discontinuous conduction mode to realise the PF correction function, and the Class‐E circuit is used as DC–DC converter to transfer the energy to the LED load. By sharing the common switch of the two circuits, the cost of system can be decreased distinctly. In addition, the Class‐E converter provides soft‐switching operation in a resonant mode, which can improve the converter efficiency. By integrating the flyback and Class‐E converters, the soft‐switching characteristic is still kept. In addition, the LED driver can be operated with wide duty cycle range to achieve a design degree of freedom to regulate the output current at a constant working frequency which makes the design of EMI filter easier. The operational principles, detailed analysis and design considerations of the LED driver are presented. A 100 W prototype is presented in an experimental condition to certifying the validity of the proposed integrated‐stage LED driver.
Properties of dust in the detached shells around U Antilae, DR Serpentis, and V644 Scorpii
Authors: Maercker M. , Khouri T. , De Beck E. , Brunner M. , Mecina M. , Jaldehag O. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars experience strong mass loss driven by dust particles formed in the upper atmospheres. The dust is released into the interstellar medium, and replenishes galaxies with synthesised material from the star. The dust grains further act as seeds for continued dust growth in the diffuse medium of galaxies. As such, understanding the properties of dust produced during the asymptotic giant branch phase of stellar evolution is important for understanding the evolution of stars and galaxies. Recent observations of the carbon AGB star R Scl have shown that observations at far-infrared and submillimetre wavelengths can effectively constrain the grain sizes in the shell, while the total mass depends on the structure of the grains (solid vs. hollow or fluffy).
Aims. We aim to constrain the properties of the dust observed in the submillimetre in the detached shells around the three carbon AGB stars U Ant, DR Ser, and V644 Sco, and to investigate the constraints on the dust masses and grain sizes provided by far-infrared and submm observations.
Methods. We observed the carbon AGB stars U Ant, DR Ser, and V644 Sco at 870 μm using LABOCA on APEX. Combined with observations from the optical to far-infrared, we produced dust radiative transfer models of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with contributions from the stars, present-day mass-loss and detached shells. We assume spherical, solid dust grains, and test the effect of different total dust masses and grain sizes on the SED, and attempted to consistently reproduce the SEDs from the optical to the submm.
Results. We derive dust masses in the shells of a few 10−5 M
⊙. The best-fit grain radii are comparatively large, and indicate the presence of grains between 0.1 μm and 2 μm. The LABOCA observations suffer from contamination from 12CO (3 − 2), and hence gives fluxes that are higher than the predicted dust emission at submm wavelengths. We investigate the effect on the best-fitting models by assuming different degrees of contamination and show that far-infrared and submillimetre observations are important to constrain the dust mass and grain sizes in the shells.
Conclusions. Spatially resolved observations of the detached shells in the far-infrared and submillimetre effectively constrain the temperatures in the shells, and hence the grain sizes. The dust mass is also constrained by the observations, but additional observations are needed to constrain the structure of the grains.
Therapieentscheidung zur Thrombektomie: Rolle der zerebralen Bildgebung
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Gerber Johannes , Puetz Volker 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDer ischämische Schlaganfall ist eine potenziell reversible Erkrankung und bedarf einer schnellen Diagnostik und Therapie. Unbehandelt kann er innerhalb kürzester Zeit persistierende Behinderung oder Tod zur Folge haben. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Techniken der nicht invasiven zerebralen Bildgebung erläutert und speziell ihre Rolle für die Therapieentscheidung zur Thrombektomie dargelegt.
„Liquid biopsy“: Analyse molekularer Marker aus Blutproben zur Therapiesteuerung beim Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Brückl Wolfgang , Wirtz R. , Bertsch T. , Ficker J. , Jung A. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungZielgerichtete Therapien haben erfolgreich Einzug in die palliative Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms gehalten, da sie eine Individualisierung oder Personalisierung ermöglichen, die mit der Testung von prädiktiven Biomarkern einhergeht. Dadurch steigt die Zahl an prädiktiven molekularbiologischen und immunhistochemischen Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Therapie und damit der Bedarf an jeweils aktuellen Tumorgewebeproben. Diese sind jedoch oft nicht ohne unverhältnismäßig hohe Belastungen für den Patienten zu gewinnen. Daher stellen Verfahren der Diagnostik aus Blutproben, die mit dem aus dem Englischen stammenden Begriff „liquid biopsy“ zusammengefasst werden, eine Alternative bzw. Ergänzung zur klassischen Gewebebiopsie dar. Derzeit können in der klinischen Routine bereits aktivierende EGFR-Mutationen sowie die inhibitorische Mutation T790 M aus dem Blut detektiert werden. Dieser Artikel stellt den aktuellen Stellenwert der liquid biopsy in der Diagnostik, zur Prognose und zur Steuerung des Therapieverlaufs bei Lungenkarzinomen dar und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Möglichkeiten.
Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Hoffmann Hans , Heußel Claus , Eichhorn Martin 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Evidenz für den Nutzen und die Risiken eines Lungenkarzinomscreenings stützt sich im Wesentlichen auf eine einzelne große randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie, in der eine signifikante Reduktion der Lungenkrebssterblichkeit bei Risikopersonen für ein Lungenkarzinom in der Gruppe mit CT-Screening im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gezeigt wurde. Dem nachgewiesenen Nutzen stehen signifikante Risiken gegenüber. Die große – und bisher ungelöste – Problematik beim CT-Screening für Lungenkrebs ist die hohe Rate an falsch positiven Befunden. Die Abklärung dieser Befunde erfordert oft auch invasive diagnostische Prozeduren. Dabei auftretende Komplikationen stellen das Hauptrisiko dar, das mit einem CT-Screening für das Lungenkarzinom verbunden ist. Die deutschen und europäischen Fachgesellschaften halten sich derzeit mit einer Empfehlung für ein flächendeckendes CT-Screening für das Lungenkarzinom noch zurück. Das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis wird als ungünstig beurteilt. Die für Ende 2018 angekündigten Ergebnisse der derzeit laufenden europäischen Studien (insbesondere „NELSON“ in den Niederlanden und „LUSI“ in Deutschland) sollen zunächst abgewartet werden. Es werden insbesondere Daten zu effektiveren Abklärungsalgorithmen mit niedrigeren Raten an falsch positiven Befunden und damit geringeren Komplikationsraten erwartet. Mit diesen Daten wird es eine neue Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung geben.
Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Ajayi Abayomi , Ben-Azu Benneth , Onasanwo Samuel , Adeoluwa Olusegun , Eduviere Anthony , Ademowo Olusegun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves has been traditionally used for management of febrile illnesses and symptoms typified of sickness behavior. In this work we investigated the modulatory effect of flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaves (EAFOg) on sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in LPS-challenged mice.
Method O. gratissimum leaf was first extracted with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol, and EAFOg was obtained by ethylacetate partitioning of a sequentially resultant methanol extract. The effect of EAFOg (25–100 mg/kg) on acute LPS-induced neurobehavioral impairment in an open field test (OFT) and depressive-like behavior in forced swimming test (FST) was investigated. Serum nitrite and TNF-α, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in liver and brain tissues.
Result EAFOg prevented the reduction in locomotor and rearing activity in OFT and the increase in immobility time in FST. The fraction significantly attenuated the elevation of serum TNF- α and nitrite levels. EAFOg reversed LPS-induced increase in MDA, MPO, and nitrite levels and attenuated GSH depletion in liver and brain tissues of mice.
Conclusion Flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaf demonstrated significant modulation of LPS-induced sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress response in mice. This suggests an important therapeutic strategy in slowing down LPS-mediated hepatic and neuronal disease processes.
Assessment of the Influence of Diabetes mellitus and Malnutrition on the Postoperative Complication Rate and Quality of Life of Patients in a Clinic Focused on Trauma Surgery
Authors: Wintermeyer Elke , Ihle Christoph , Ehnert Sabrina , Schreiner Anna , Stollhof Laura , Stöckle Ulrich , Nussler Andreas , Fritsche Andreas , Pscherer Stefan 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Prävalenz eines Diabetes mellitus (DM) oder einer Mangelernährung hospitalisierter Patienten zeigt sich in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Fachrichtung höher als die der Normalbevölkerung. Damit verbunden sind vermehrte, postoperative Komplikationen und steigende Behandlungskosten. Auch die subjektive Lebensqualität stationär behandelter Patienten kann beeinträchtigt sein, allerdings liegt hierfür nur eine begrenzte Datenlage, vor allem in der Unfallchirurgie, vor. Einflussfaktoren sowohl auf die postoperative Komplikationsrate als auch auf die Lebensqualität unfallchirurgischer Patienten könnten hierüber Aufschluss geben.
Material/Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie zwischen 06/2014 und 02/2017 wurden 1643 unfallchirurgische Patienten der Traumatologie, der Alterstraumatologie, der septischen Unfallchirurgie und Endoprothetik hinsichtlich des klinischen Outcomes, der Komplikationsrate und der Lebensqualität (Short Form Health Survey 36, SF-36) in Abhängigkeit von einem Diabetes mellitus (DM) und vom Ernährungsstatus (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, NRS) untersucht und beurteilt.
Ergebnisse Mit 12,4% zeigt sich eine deutlich höhere Prävalenz eines DM und mit 18,3% ein höheres Risiko für Mangelernährung (NRS ≥ 3) bei stationär behandelten, unfallchirurgischen Patienten im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung (DM 7,2%). Patienten mit DM hatten eine signifikant höhere Komplikationsrate als Patienten ohne DM. Auch Patienten mit einem Risiko für Mangelernährung zeigten signifikant mehr Komplikationen. Zudem beurteilen Patienten mit DM ihre subjektive Lebensqualität in den meisten Dimensionen des SF-36, vor allem den körperlich subjektiv zu beurteilenden, geringer als Patienten ohne DM, während Patienten mit einem NRS ≥ 3 ihre Lebensqualität in allen Dimensionen des SF-36 (körperlich und mental) schlechter beurteilen als Patienten ohne Risiko für eine Mangelernährung. Weiterhin können wir zeigen, dass ein reduzierter Ernährungszustand zu einer schlechteren Beurteilung der subjektiven Lebensqualität führt, als dies durch das Vorliegen eines DM erreicht wird.
Schlussfolgerung Ein vorhandener Diabetes mellitus sowie ein erhöhtes Risiko für Mangelernährung scheinen Einfluss auf die subjektive Einschätzung der Lebensqualität und auf die Komplikationsrate bei unfallchirurgischen Patienten zu haben. Um eine flächendeckende Erfassung und umfassende fachspezifische Therapie betroffener Patienten zukünftig zu gewährleisten, sollten interdisziplinäre Diabeteszentren etabliert werden. Damit könnten wahrscheinlich die Komplikationsraten und die daraus resultierenden höheren Behandlungskosten reduziert werden.
Drug Use during Pregnancy and its Consequences: A Nested Case Control Study on Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Pereira Cynara Maria , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho , Parpinelli Mary Angela , Andreucci Carla Betina , Zanardi Dulce Maria , Souza Renato , Angelini Carina Robles , Silveira Carla , Cecatti José Guilherme 
Published: July 2018

Objective To assess the relationship between the use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy and the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), perinatal outcomes and repercussions on the neuropsychomotor development of exposed children.
Methods A case-control study nested within a cohort of severe maternal morbidity (COMMAG) was performed. Women with SMM were considered cases. Controls were those with low-risk pregnancy, without SMM and admitted during the same time period as the cases. Cohort data were collected retrospectively in hospital records for childbirth. A face-to-face interview was also performed with 638 women (323 without SMM and 315 with SMM) and their children of the index pregnancy between 6 months and 5 years after childbirth. During the interview, substance abuse during pregnancy was assessed by a modified question from the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test 2.0 (ASSIST) and the neuropsychomotor development in the children was assessed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 2nd edition.
Results The prevalence of licit or illicit drug use during pregnancy was ∼ 17%. Among drug users, 63.9% used alcohol, 58.3% used tobacco, 9.2% used cocaine/crack and 4.6% used marijuana. There was no association between drug use during pregnancy and SMM, although tobacco use during pregnancy was associated with bleeding, presence of near-miss clinical criteria (NMCC) and alteration in infant development; alcohol use was associated with neonatal asphyxia; and cocaine/crack use was associated with the occurrence of some clinical complications during pregnancy.
Conclusion The use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy is frequent and associated with worse maternal, perinatal and child development outcomes.