bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Changes in Experimental Renal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Zimmermann R. , Zimmerhackl B. , Steinhausen M. , Dallenbach F.D. , Jäckh R. 
Published: May 2019

Renal vein thrombosis is followed by dysfunction and degenerative alteration of the kidneys. The serious form may take a lethal course. In experimental bilateral renal vein thrombosis in rats death occurs within 4.5 hours in irreversible shock with the morphological presentation of fibrin clots. Coagulation and chemical analyses were performed in 34 animals with experimentally induced bilateral renal vein thrombosis and in 46 controls. A significant(p< 0.05) decrease or prolongation of fibrinogen, prothrombin time,thrombin time,reptilase time, APTT, the factors VIII and IX and a slight but not significant reduction of platelet count, factors V,IX and XII could be shown. These data exclude an early and primary occuring defibrination syndrome as cause of death. The blood loss into the kidneys and toxic substances released from the kidneys may cause refractary shock. The early, moderate impairment of the blood coagulation parameters may be the
result of an activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. Finally a massive consumption coagulopathy develops and produces disseminated intravascularc oagulation.Supported by the GRF, SFB, 90
The Morphology of Obliterative Arterial Diseases in Statu Nascendi
Authors: Marshall M. , Staubesand J. , Hese H. 
Published: May 2019

The arteries of mini pigs which had been exposed to the local or systemic action of recognised ‘risk factors’ for arterial disease were examined with the light microscope, and the transmission and scanning electron microscopes.
Initially the scanning instrument revealed adhesions of platelets in different stages of development, but showed an apparently intact endothelium. With the transmission electron microscope, however, degenerative changes in the endothelium could be observed. Increased blood platelet aggregation was also present.
After a few weeks we could see a remarkable focal thickening of the intima, together with deposits on the endothelium of platelets, erythrocytes and fibrin (“mixed microparietal thrombosis”).
After 6 months fully developed arteriosclerosis of the abdominal aorta had appeared.
Studies on the Prethrombotic State of Patients with Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Different Hypoglycemic Treatments
Authors: Grigkani C. , Gamba G. , Biancardi M. , Geroldi D. , Ferrari E. , Bossolo G. , Cinquini G. , Marco De R. 
Published: May 2019

Different haemostatic parameters were investigated in 115 patients aeed 50-65 (55 males and 60 females) with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and in 20 apparently normal control subjects. The patients were divided into 7 groups according to the hypoglycemic therapy.VIII R:AC, fibrinogen, C1-INH and fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin precipitate were constantly increased in all groups of patients when compared to controls. AT III levels were always decreased. Plasma fibrinolytic activity and α1-Achy were almost never significantly different from controls. Other parameters did not show uniform behaviours in the different groups of patients, na~ely: ADP-induced platelet ageregation, VIII R:AC/VIII:C ratio, α2-M, I-α.-T.I. and α1.-P.I. levels.If alterations in ADP-indfrced platelet aggregation, VIII R:AC/VIII:C ratio, fibrinogen and AT III are to be considered as index of hypercoa= gulability, the thrombotic risk of the patients was quite considerable when compared to that of controls, but no significant difference seemed to exist among the groups of patients.
Early Changes of the Emxtthelial Aotithrokibotic Properties in Cholesterol Fed Rabbits. I-Changes of A.D.P.-Ase and 5'-N.T.-Ase Activities
Authors: Abbate R. , Favilla S. , Gensini C.F. , Mugnaini C. , Runfola M. , Seffleri Neri G.G. 
Published: May 2019

Severe endothelial damage is usually associated to developing atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits. However the early functional endothelial changes are poorly known, specially as far as the endothelial antithrombotic mechanisms are concerned.In cholesterol (1 g/die) fed rabbits the endothelial aortic A.D.P.-ase and 5’-N.T.-ase activities (according to Lieberman 1977) were investigated after 7.14 and 28 days of diet. A.D.P.-ase and 5'-N.T.-ase changes occurred very early. A.D.P.-ase activity decreased already after 7 days of diet (m.v. -45%, P<0.COl) in comparison with control rabbits, but it did not show any further decrease after 14 and 24 days. A decrease of 5'-N.T.-ase activity (m.v. -36%, P<0.01) occurred only after 14 days of diet and it did not furtherly decrease after 28 days. These findings suggest that in cholesterol induced atherosclero -sis an early impairment of the antiaggregating properties of the endothelial wall occurs, but it does not increase for the length of time of our observation.
My journey from tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors to targeted immune therapy as strategies to combat cancer
Authors: Levitzki Alexander , Klein Shoshana 
Published: May 2019

Significance
This paper discusses the successes and failures of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating cancer, and why we believe targeted immunotherapy may provide more durable remissions. Tyrosine kinases are central to tumor development and progression. Since we originally demonstrated specific inhibition of tyrosine kinases, with minimal toxicity, a large number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors—both small molecules and antibodies—have entered the clinic. Nonetheless, tumors are heterogeneous and highly mutable, and they eventually bypass tyrosine kinase inhibition. The immune system has the ability to seek and destroy tumor cells. Tumors avoid detection by the immune system, so the goal is to reinstate immune surveillance against the tumor.
Learner‐adapted practice promotes skill transfer in unskilled adults learning the basketball set shot
Authors: Porter Courtney , Greenwood Daniel , Panchuk Derek , Pepping Gert‐Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe current study used a complex, sport‐specific movement skill to explore the effects of a win‐shift/lose‐stay practice schedule on learning and compared its effectiveness with that of blocked and random practice schedules. Thirty‐six adults (24.9 ± 3.3 years) were assigned to blocked, random and learner‐adapted training groups. Each participant performed 360 trials of the basketball set shot from multiple locations across six practice sessions. For the learner‐adapted group, switching between task variations was performance‐contingent; switching between shooting locations occurred only following a successful shot. Shooting success was calculated as the percentage of successful shots performed, and measured during pre‐acquisition (i.e. baseline), acquisition (i.e. practice) and post‐acquisition (i.e. retention and transfer). Despite scoring less shots throughout practice compared to baseline testing, the learner‐adapted group showed a significant improvement for shooting success in transfer (d = 1.02). Blocked practice demonstrated significant improvements for shooting success in immediate retention (d = 1.83), delayed retention (d = 1.69) and transfer (d = 1.39). Random practice significantly improved shooting success in both immediate (d = 1.03) and delayed retention (d = 0.81). The current findings highlight that performance during practice does not necessarily represent the permanency and adaptability of skill learning. The implications of the findings and their practical applications are discussed in the context of practice scheduling during learning of a sports skill.
‘Artificial spermatid’-mediated genome editing†
Authors: Wang Lingbo , Li Jinsong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For years, extensive efforts have been made to use mammalian sperm as the mediator to generate genetically modified animals; however, the strategy of sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is unable to produce stable and diversified modifications in descendants. Recently, haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been successfully derived from haploid embryos carrying the genome of highly specialized gametes, and can stably maintain haploidy (through periodic cell sorting based on DNA quantity) and both self-renewal and pluripotency in long-term cell culture. In particular, haESCs derived from androgenetic haploid blastocysts (AG-haESCs), carrying only the sperm genome, can support the generation of live mice (semi-cloned, SC mice) through oocyte injection. Remarkably, after removal of the imprinted control regions H19-DMR (differentially methylated region of DNA) and IG-DMR in AG-haESCs, the double knockout (DKO)-AG-haESCs can stably produce SC animals with high efficiency, and so can serve as a sperm equivalent. Importantly, DKO-AG-haESCs can be used for multiple rounds of gene modifications in vitro, followed by efficient generation of live and fertile mice with the expected genetic traits. Thus, DKO-AG-haESCs (referred to as ‘artificial spermatids’) combed with CRISPR-Cas technology can be used as the genetically tractable fertilization agent, to efficiently create genetically modified offspring, and is a versatile genetic tool for in vivo analyses of gene function.
Widespread Biases in Ecological and Evolutionary Studies
Authors: Culumber Zachary W , Anaya-Rojas Jaime M , Booker William W , Hooks Alexandra P , Lange Elizabeth C , Pluer Benjamin , Ramírez-Bullón Natali , Travis Joseph 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There has been widespread discussion of biases in the sciences. The extent of most forms of bias has scarcely been confronted with rigorous data. In the present article, we evaluated the potential for geographic, taxonomic, and citation biases in publications between temperate and tropical systems for nine broad topics in ecology and evolutionary biology. Across 1,800 papers sampled from 60,000 peer-reviewed, empirical studies, we found consistent patterns of bias in the form of increased numbers of studies in temperate systems. Tropical studies were nearly absent from some topics. Furthermore, there were strong taxonomic biases across topics and geographic regions, as well as evidence for citation biases in many topics. Our results indicate a strong geographic imbalance in publishing patterns and among different taxonomic groups across a wide range of topics. The task ahead is to address what these biases mean and how they influence the state of our knowledge in ecology and evolution.
Smoking and school absenteeism among 15- to 16-year-old adolescents: a cross-section analysis on 36 European countries
Authors: Perelman Julian , Leão Teresa , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Schools have a crucial role to play in preventing youth smoking. However, the well-known long-term health consequences of youth smoking may be insufficient to convince education stakeholders to devote efforts to implement school-based programmes. However, if youth smoking were to have short-term consequences, this evidence could prompt education stakeholders’ action. In this article, we investigate the link between smoking and school absenteeism.

Methods
We used data from the 2011 wave of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, on adolescents aged 15–16. We applied logistic models to assess the risk of more than 3 missed school days, by cause, as function of smoking intensity, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic performance, parental involvement and other risk behaviours (alcohol and cannabis consumption). Consistency was assessed by replicating the analyses for each sex and age group and further adjusting for depression and self-esteem.

Results
Smoking more than five cigarettes per day was significantly linked to school absenteeism, with a 55% excess risk of missing more than 3 school days per month due to illness (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.46–1.64), and a more than two times excess risk due to skipping (OR = 2.29; 95% CI 2.16–2.43). These findings were consistent across age and sex groups.

Conclusion
We observed an association between smoking intensity and absenteeism among youth in Europe. This implies that, to the extent that this association is causal, school tobacco control policies may reduce the short-term consequences of smoking on adolescents’ education and health.
De novo assembly of the Indian blue peacock (Pavo cristatus) genome using Oxford Nanopore technology and Illumina sequencing
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Seethy Ashikh , Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Singh Sunil , Rohil Vishwajeet , Purkayastha Kakali , Mukherjee Indrani , Goswami Sandeep , Singh Rakesh , Raj Ankita , Srivastava Tryambak , Acharya Sovon , Rajashekhar Balaji , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristanus) is native to South Asia and is the national bird of India. Here we present a draft genome sequence of the male blue peacock using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT).

Results
ONT sequencing gave ~2.3-fold sequencing coverage, whereas Illumina generated 150–base pair paired-end sequence data at 284.6-fold coverage from 5 libraries. Subsequently, we generated a 0.915-gigabase pair de novo assembly of the peacock genome with a scaffold N50 of 0.23 megabase pairs (Mb). We predict that the peacock genome contains 23,153 protein-coding genes and 75.3 Mb (7.33%) of repetitive sequences.

Conclusions
We report a high-quality assembly of the peacock genome using a hybrid approach of sequences generated by both Illumina and ONT. The long-read chemistry generated by ONT was useful for addressing challenges related to de novo assembly, particularly at regions containing repetitive sequences spanning longer than the read length, and which could not be resolved with only short-read–based assembly. Contig assembly of Illumina short reads gave an N50 of 1,639 bases, whereas with ONT, the N50 increased by &gt;9-fold to 14,749 bases. The initial contig assembly based on Illumina sequencing reads alone gave 685,241 contigs. Further scaffolding on assembled contigs using both Illumina and ONT sequencing reads resulted in a final assembly of 15,025 super-scaffolds, with an N50 of ~0.23 Mb. Ninety-five percent of proteins predicted by homology matched with those in a public repository, verifying the completeness of our assembly. Like other phylogenetic studies of avian conserved genes, we found P. cristatus to be most closely related to Gallus gallus, followed by Meleagris gallopavo and Anas platyrhynchos. Compared with the recently published peacock genome assembly, the current, superior, hybrid assembly has greater sequencing depth, fewer non-ATGC sequences, and fewer scaffolds.
Metabolic responses of rice cultivars with different tolerance to combined drought and heat stress under field conditions
Authors: Lawas Lovely Mae F , Li Xia , Erban Alexander , Kopka Joachim , Jagadish S V Krishna , Zuther Ellen , Hincha Dirk K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Rice is susceptible to both drought and heat stress, in particular during flowering and grain filling, when both grain yield and quality may be severely compromised. However, under field conditions, these 2 stresses rarely occur separately. Under well-watered conditions, plants avoid heat stress by transpirational cooling, while this is not possible under drought conditions. Although investigating combined drought and heat stress is clearly more agronomically relevant than analyzing the effects of the single stresses, only a few studies of this stress combination, in particular under field conditions, have been published.

Results
Three rice cultivars differing in drought and heat tolerance were grown in the field under control and drought conditions in 3 consecutive years. Drought was applied either during flowering or during early grain filling and resulted in simultaneous heat stress, leading to reduced grain yield and quality. Analysis by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry showed distinct metabolic profiles for the 3 investigated organs (flag leaves, flowering spikelets, developing seeds). The metabolic stress responses of the plants also strongly differed between cultivars and organs. Correlation analysis identified potential metabolic markers for grain yield and quality under combined drought and heat stress from both stress-regulated metabolites and from metabolites with constitutive differences between the cultivars.

Conclusions
Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry resolved metabolic responses to combined drought and heat stress in different organs of field-grown rice. The metabolite profiles can be used to identify potential marker metabolites for yield stability and grain quality that are expected to improve breeding efforts towards developing rice cultivars that are resilient to climate change.
Gigwa v2—Extended and improved genotype investigator
Authors: Sempéré Guilhem , Pétel Adrien , Rouard Mathieu , Frouin Julien , Hueber Yann , De Bellis Fabien , Larmande Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The study of genetic variations is the basis of many research domains in biology. From genome structure to population dynamics, many applications involve the use of genetic variants. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies led to such a flood of data that the daily work of scientists is often more focused on data management than data analysis. This mass of genotyping data poses several computational challenges in terms of storage, search, sharing, analysis, and visualization. While existing tools try to solve these challenges, few of them offer a comprehensive and scalable solution.

Results
Gigwa v2 is an easy-to-use, species-agnostic web application for managing and exploring high-density genotyping data. It can handle multiple databases and may be installed on a local computer or deployed as an online data portal. It supports various standard import and export formats, provides advanced filtering options, and offers means to visualize density charts or push selected data into various stand-alone or online tools. It implements 2 standard RESTful application programming interfaces, GA4GH, which is health-oriented, and BrAPI, which is breeding-oriented, thus offering wide possibilities of interaction with third-party applications. The project home page provides a list of live instances allowing users to test the system on public data (or reasonably sized user-provided data).

Conclusions
This new version of Gigwa provides a more intuitive and more powerful way to explore large amounts of genotyping data by offering a scalable solution to search for genotype patterns, functional annotations, or more complex filtering. Furthermore, its user-friendliness and interoperability make it widely accessible to the life science community.
Hormonal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene expression in granulosa and theca cells of cattle1
Authors: Nichols Jacqueline A , Perego Maria Chiara , Schütz Luis F , Hemple Amber M , Spicer Leon J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) stimulates angiogenesis and is associated with increased vascularity in ovarian follicles of cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the developmental and hormonal regulation of VEGFA expression in ovarian granulosa and theca cells (TC) of cattle. Bovine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and granulosa cells (GC) and TC were collected from small (SM; 1 to 5 mm) and large (LG; 8 to 20 mm) follicles. Cells were collected fresh or cultured in serum-free medium and treated with various factors that regulate angiogenesis and follicular development. RNA was collected for analysis of VEGFA mRNA abundance via quantitative PCR. In SM-follicle GC (SMGC), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and FSH decreased (P < 0.05) VEGFA mRNA abundance by 30 to 46%, whereas in LG-follicle GC (LGGC), PGE2 and FSH were without effect (P > 0.10). In SMGC, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) decreased (P < 0.05) VEGFA expression by 30 to 40%. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) and estradiol (E2) were without effect (P > 0.10) on VEGFA mRNA in both SMGC and LGGC, whereas progesterone increased (P < 0.05) VEGFA mRNA in LGGC but had no effect in LGTC. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), LH, and FGF9 increased (P < 0.05) abundance of VEGFA mRNA by 1.5- to 1.9-fold in LGTC. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) was without effect (P > 0.10) on VEGFA mRNA in both TC and GC. An E2F transcription factor inhibitor, HLM0064741 (E2Fi), dramatically (i.e., 8- to 13-fold) stimulated (P < 0.01) the expression of VEGFA mRNA expression in both SMGC and LGTC. Abundance of VEGFA mRNA was greater (P < 0.05) in LGGC and SMGC than in LGTC. Also, SMTC had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of VEGFA mRNA than LGTC. In conclusion, VEGFA mRNA abundance was greater in GC than TC, and VEGFA expression decreased in TC during follicle development. Some treatments either suppressed, stimulated, or had no effect on VEGFA expression depending on the cell type. The inhibition of E2F transcription factors had the greatest stimulatory effect of all treatments evaluated, and thus, E2Fs may play an important role in regulating angiogenesis during follicle growth in cattle.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Clinical Operations
Authors: Friedewald Sarah M , Bhole Sonya , Wang Lilian , Gupta Dipti 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is rapidly becoming the standard of care for breast cancer screening. Implementing DBT into practice is relatively straightforward. However, there are important elements of the transition that one must consider to facilitate this process. Understanding the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard for DBT, as well as how images are displayed, is critical to a successful transition. Standardization of these processes will allow easier transmission of images from facility to facility, and limit the potential for errors in interpretation. Additionally, recent changes in federal regulations will require compliance with mandated training for the radiologist, technologist, and physicist, as well as accreditation for each DBT unit. These regulations aim to ensure high-quality imaging across the country as has been previously seen with standard digital mammography. Synthesized imaging is the most recent improvement for DBT, potentially obviating the need for a simultaneous traditional digital mammogram exposure. Studies have demonstrated near equivalent performance when comparing the combination imaging of DBT and digital mammography versus DBT combined with synthetic imaging. As the quality of the synthetic images continues to improve, it is increasingly likely that it will replace the traditional mammogram. Adherence to DBT-specific parameters will enhance the physician experience and ultimately translate to increased cancer detection and fewer false positive examinations, benefiting all women who are screened for breast cancer.