bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire deficits have increased drought sensitivity in dry conifer forests: Fire frequency and tree‐ring carbon isotope evidence from Central Oregon
Authors: Voelker Steven L. , Merschel Andrew G. , Meinzer Frederick C. , Ulrich Danielle E. M. , Spies Thomas A. , Still Christopher J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA century of fire suppression across the Western United States has led to more crowded forests and increased competition for resources. Studies of forest thinning or stand conditions after mortality events have provided indirect evidence for how competition can promote drought stress and predispose forests to severe fire and/or bark beetle outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate linkages between fire deficits and increasing drought stress through analyses of annually resolved tree‐ring growth, fire scars, and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) across a dry mixed‐conifer forest landscape. Fire deficits across the study area have increased the sensitivity of leaf gas exchange to drought stress over the past >100 years. Since 1910, stand basal area in these forests has more than doubled and fire‐return intervals have increased from 25 to 140 years. Meanwhile, the portion of interannual variation in tree‐ring Δ13C explained by the Palmer Drought Severity Index has more than doubled inca. 300–500‐year‐oldPinus ponderosa as well as in fire‐intolerant,ca. 90–190‐year‐oldAbies grandis. Drought stress has increased in stands with a basal area of ≥25 m2/ha in 1910, as indicated by negative temporal Δ13C trends, whereas stands with basal area ≤25 m2/ha in 1910, due to frequent or intense wildfire activity in decades beforehand, were initially buffered from increased drought stress and have benefited more from rising ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, [CO2], as demonstrated by positive temporal Δ13C trends. Furthermore, the average Δ13C response across allP. ponderosasince 1830 indicates that photosynthetic assimilation rates and stomatal conductance have been reduced by ~10% and ~20%, respectively, compared to expected trends due to increasing [CO2]. Although disturbance legacies contribute to local‐scale intensity of drought stress, fire deficits have reduced drought resistance of mixed‐conifer forests and made them more susceptible to challenges by pests and pathogens and other disturbances.
Just grazing the surface: A tribute to Professor John Hodgson 1937–2018
Authors: Hodgson David J. , Lemaire Gilles , Matthew Cory , Montossi Fabio , Nan Zhibiao , Ren Jizhou , Da Silva Sila 
Published: December 2018

AbstractJohn Hodgson (1937–2018) is renowned worldwide as a passionate and principled researcher, dedicated to the study of interactions between grazing livestock and pasture sward, and to whole‐system management of grassland. He published over 250 scientific outputs during his 50‐year career, and inspired generations of grazing ecologists. Following his upbringing on a mixed‐livestock farm in the Yorkshire Dales, John received BSc, PhD and DSc from the University of Leeds, UK. He worked in research institutes in Hurley, England and Penicuik, Scotland, before taking a Chair in Agronomy at Massey University, New Zealand in 1986. There, he progressed to become Head of School for the Environment. John retired from university life in 2002, but never left academia. John's global research legacy is reflected in the international authorship of this memorial review. His international impact is demonstrated by the supervision of over 50 PhD students from all over the world, and by his knowledge‐sharing travels to South America and China. His peers will remember him as a thoughtful and collaborative scholar. His students will remember him as an inspiring and caring mentor. He helped to revolutionize the way that grasslands are managed, in the face of global environmental change and increasing demand on grazed systems. John lost a long battle with Parkinson's disease in October 2018 and is survived by his wife, Ruth, and five children. His own research was often dedicated to his father, Dick Hodgson, and the first author of this tribute wishes to do the same.
Who leads regional industrial dynamics? “New industry creators” in Chinese regions
Authors: Zhu Shengjun , Li Zhenfa , He Canfei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent evolutionary economic geography studies have argued that regional diversification emerges as a path‐dependent process, as regions often branch into industries that are related to its industrial structure. However, it is less clear who are creating new industries and under what regional conditions. This research seeks to fill this gap and identify “new industry creators” in regional industrial diversification. We differentiate two types of new industry formation—path‐breaking and path‐dependent—and examine whether some new industry creators are more path‐breaking than others, by incorporating two factors that have been largely overlooked in recent literature on technological relatedness—firm heterogeneity and regional institutions. Based on a firm‐level data set of China’s manufacturing industries, this paper shows that path‐breaking and path‐dependence coexist. Empirical results confirm that firm heterogeneity and regional institutions not only affect the firms’ capabilities in creating new industries, but also encourage/discourage firms to be adventurous and path‐breaking. This research implies that lagging regions can catch up with developed regions by coordinating regional resources and adjusting local institutional arrangements to attract more path‐breaking firms.
First assembly of the gene‐space of Lolium multiflorum and comparison to other Poaceae genomes
Authors: Knorst Verena , Yates Steven , Byrne Stephen , Asp Torben , Widmer Franco , Studer Bruno , Kölliker Roland 
Published: December 2018

AbstractItalian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important forage grasses of temperate regions. It is characterized by a high level of within cultivar diversity, making the fixation of traits in breeding programs difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a functional resource for L. multiflorum that will greatly assist the development of genomics‐assisted breeding strategies. The genome of a diploid, heterozygous genotype was sequenced and assembled into 130k scaffolds with a total assembly size of 586 Mb. 61k gene models were annotated and 80.5% of BUSCOs were complete, indicating a good representation of the gene content. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) mining identified 29,840 SSR loci for L. multiflorum, with 4,601 being shared with Lolium perenne L. Proteome comparison with other Poaceae revealed several protein clusters including the SAUR‐like auxin‐responsive protein family, glutathione S‐transferases, BTB‐POZ and the photosystem II light harvesting complex gene B1B2 to be enriched in Lolium spp., while 86 clusters were more and 293 less abundant in L. multiflorum than in L. perenne. Here we present the first sequence, assembly and annotation of the gene‐space of L. multiflorum, providing a valuable resource for marker identification for breeding programs, genome‐wide association studies or evolutionary studies.
Coming ready or not! An integrative review examining new graduate nurses' transition in acute care
Authors: Hawkins Natasha , Jeong Sarah , Smith Tony 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo synthesize the scientific evidence about new graduate nurses' transition to practice in the acute care setting and consider implications for nurses and nursing practice.BackgroundDespite the vast amount of literature on new graduate nurses' transition to practice, the transition of new graduate nurses is a global issue and remains at the forefront of discussions within the nursing community.DesignAn integrative review.Review MethodsA search of evidence‐based research from seven electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Cochrane, JBI, Wiley, and Scopus) was conducted for the period of 2006‐2016. Eligible articles were critically reviewed and scored using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).ResultsTwenty‐six articles were reviewed, which included 19 qualitative, five quantitative, and two mixed methods studies. “The Experiences” are described in three themes: Dominated by fear but feeling a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction; Reality vs Idealism; and Adjusting to nursing life. “The Factors” are described under three themes: Personal, Professional, and Organizational.ConclusionThe transition experience of new graduate nurses is complex and multidimensional and highlights that “it takes a village” to grow and support new graduate nurses.
Functional characterization of the horizontally transferred 4,5‐DOPA extradiol dioxygenase gene in the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Wang C.‐F. , Sun W. , Zhang Z. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract4,5‐DOPA dioxygenase (DODA) is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of betalain. Previous studies have shown that DODA is present in plants, fungi and bacteria. Using updated data, here we show that DODA genes (BmDODA) in the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) and other lepidopteran insects are most likely to be horizontally transferred from fungi. A synteny analysis indicated that BmDODA1 is orthologous to other lepidopteran DODAs and that BmDODA2 is a paralogous gene. To explore the function of DODA in Lepidoptera, we first examined the expression patterns of BmDODA1. BmDODA1 showed high transcriptional and translational levels in the midgut and head. Then, we exogenously expressed the BmDODA1 gene, detected 4,5‐DOPA ring‐cleaving activity and calculated the kinetic parameters of the recombinant BmDODA1. We found that the transcription levels of BmDODA1 were significantly induced by the pathogens Bacillus bombyseptieus and Escherichia coli. Thus, the horizontal transfer of the BmDODA gene in the silkworm may be involved in dopa metabolism and contribute to antimicrobial activity in this species. Our results provide a documented example of functional horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between fungi and animals and expand our knowledge of HGT amongst eukaryotes.
Understanding the bereavement experience of grandparents following the death of a grandchild from a life‐limiting condition: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Tatterton Michael J. , Walshe Catherine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo increase understanding of grandparental grief following the death of a grandchild from a life‐limiting condition.DesignMeta‐ethnography.Data sourcesAcademic Search Complete CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, supplemented by manual search strategies (in 2015, updated 2018).Review methodsStudies were appraised and synthesized using the principles of meta‐ethnography.FindingsThree superordinate themes were identified: ‘influence of the relationship with their grandchild’, ‘influence of the relationship with the grandchild's family’ and ‘pain’. The simultaneous, multigenerational position of grandparents meant individuals experience emotional pain from witnessing the experience of family members.ConclusionMany factors that contribute to the bereavement experience of grandparents are outside of their control. The roles, positions, and support needs of grandparents need to be acknowledged to better meet their needs as parents, grandparents, and individuals who have experienced a child death.
The Duties of Political Officials in a Minimally Secular State
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCécile Laborde's important book, Liberalism's Religion, attempts to develop an ethic governing political officials that requires that they only use, and be responsive to, accessible reasons. Laborde's accessibility requirement articulates her unique approach to the role of religion in liberal politics. This article challenges Laborde's accessibility ethic on three grounds: (1) the ethic suffers from a lack of idealisation, (2) there is little reason to prevent inaccessible reasons from defeating coercion, and her ecumenical approach to exemptions recognises this in effect, and (3), the question of whether the accessibility ethic is true is partly empirical, but Laborde does not supply us with an adequate empirical argument.
Rethinking the European Social Market Economy: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Claassen Rutger , Gerbrandy Anna , Princen Sebastiaan , Segers Mathieu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis contribution offers an introduction to the Special Issue ‘Rethinking the European Social Market Economy’. It places the Special Issue against the background of the debate on free markets versus social protection in the European Union and the inclusion of the notion of ‘social market economy’ in the Treaty on European Union. It sketches the meaning and development of the social market economy concept, and introduces the key questions underlying this Special Issue and the contributions included in it.
In vitro activity of chemicals and commercial products against Saprolegnia parasitica and Saprolegnia delica strains
Authors: Tedesco Perla , Fioravanti Maria Letizia , Galuppi Roberta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are responsible for severe economic losses in freshwater aquaculture. Following the ban of malachite green in food fish production, the demand for new treatments pushes towards the selection of more safe and environment‐friendly products. In the present work, in vitro activity of ten chemicals and three commercial products was tested on different strains of Saprolegnia, using malachite green as reference compound. The compounds were screened in agar and in water to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC), respectively. Two strains of Saprolegnia parasitica and one isolate of Saprolegnia delica were tested in triplicate per each concentration. Among tested chemicals, benzoic acid showed the lowest MIC (100 ppm) followed by acetic acid, iodoacetic acid and copper sulphate (250 ppm). Sodium percarbonate was not effective at any tested concentration. Among commercial products, Virkon™S was effective in inhibiting the growth of the mycelium (MIC = MLC = 1,000 ppm). Actidrox® and Detarox® AP showed MIC = 5,000 and 1,000 ppm, respectively, while MLCs were 10‐fold lower than MICs, possibly due to a higher activity of these products in water. Similarly, a higher effectiveness in water was observed also for iodoacetic acid.
Predicting Long‐Term Financial Returns: VAR versus DSGE Model—A Horse Race
Authors: JONDEAU ERIC , ROCKINGER MICHAEL 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper considers a U.S. institutional investor who is implementing a long‐term portfolio allocation using forecasts of financial returns. We compare the predictive performance of two competing macrofinance models—an unrestricted vector autoRegression (VAR) and a fully‐structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model—for horizons up to 15 years. Although the performances are similar for short horizons, the DSGE model outperforms the VAR at forecasting financial returns in the long term. This model also generates substantially higher Sharpe ratios. Although it contains fewer unknown parameters, it benefits from economically grounded restrictions that help anchor financial returns in the long term.
Characterization ofCampylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis,and a novelCampylobacter sp. in a captive non‐human primate zoological collection
Authors: Clayton Jonathan B. , Danzeisen Jessica L. , Johnson Timothy J. , Trent Ava M. , Hayer Shivdeep S. , Murphy Tami , Wuenschmann Arno , Elder Megan , Shen Zeli , Mannion Anthony , Bryant Erin , Knights Dan , Fox James G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization ofCampylobacterspp. from non‐human primates primate (NHP) with a history of endemic diarrhea housed at Como Park Zoo.MethodsFecal samples from 33 symptom‐freeNHPbelonging to eight different species were collected weekly for 9 weeks. Species‐level characterization and phylogenetic analysis of isolates included biochemical testing and 16SrRNAsequencing.ResultsCampylobacterspp. were isolated from the feces of 42% (14/33) of the primates. ThreeCampylobacterspp. (C upsaliensis,C jejuni, and novelCampylobactersp.) were identified from threeNHPspecies. A possible positive hostCampylobacterspecies‐specificity was observed. However, no statistical association was observed between the isolation ofCampylobacterspp. and age and sex of the animal.ConclusionsThe study revealed the value of conducting repeated fecal sampling to establish the overall prevalence ofCampylobacterin zoo‐maintainedNHP; it also importantly identifies a novelCampylobactersp. isolated from white‐faced saki monkeys.
Evaluation of oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Colferai Mariana Morais Tavares , Miquelin Gabriela Momente , Steiner Denise 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundMelasma is an acquired, chronic, recurrent hypermelanosis that occurs exclusively in areas exposed to the sun. Its treatment can be very challenging. Tranexamic acid (TA) is an inhibitor of plasmin, and it is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that reversibly blocks binding sites on the plasminogen molecule, inhibiting the plasminogen activator from converting plasminogen to plasmin.AimsThis study evaluated the efficacy of oral TA in the treatment of melasma in patients from a philanthropic dermatological clinic.Patients/MethodsThis was a monocentric, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial. Patients with facial melasma were randomly divided into the following two groups: A (TA 250 mg orally twice daily) or B (oral placebo twice daily). Evaluations were performed before and after 12 weeks of treatment with photographs, colorimetry, MELASQoL, and MASI. All patients were instructed to use tinted sunscreen (SPF 50).ResultsOf the 47 patients selected, 37 completed the study, with 20 in group A and 17 in group B; the patients consisted of one male and 36 females, and the mean age was 43.97 years old. Based on the four methods of evaluation, the melasma in 50% of patients in group A improved versus only 5.9% of patients in group B (P < 0.005). There was an improvement according to all evaluation methods in the treatment group. No patient had severe side effects.ConclusionsWe conclude that tranexamic acid was effective in 50% of patients according to four methods of evaluation when compared to the placebo.
The golden paradox – a new heterokont lineage with chloroplasts surrounded by two membranes
Authors: Wetherbee Richard , Jackson Christopher J. , Repetti Sonja I. , Clementson Lesley A. , Costa Joana F. , van de Meene Allison , Crawford Simon , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: December 2018

A marine, sand‐dwelling, golden‐brown alga is described from clonal cultures established from a high intertidal pool in southeastern Australia. This tiny, unicellular species, which we call the “golden paradox” (Chrysoparadoxa australica gen. et sp. nov.), is benthic, surrounded by a multilayered cell wall and attached to the substratum by a complex adhesive plug. Each vegetative cell gives rise to a single, naked zoospore with heterokont flagella that settles and may become briefly amoeboid prior to dividing. Daughter cells are initially amoeboid, then either permanently attach and return to the benthic stage or become motile again prior to final settlement. Two deeply lobed chloroplasts occupy opposite ends of the cell and are surrounded by only two membranes. The outer chloroplast membrane is continuous between the two chloroplasts via the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. Only two membranes occupy the chloroplast–nucleus interface, the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and the inner chloroplast membrane. A small pyrenoid is found in each chloroplast and closely abuts the nucleus or protrudes into it. It contains an unusual, membrane‐bound inclusion that stains with SYBR green but is unlikely to be a nucleomorph. Phylogenies inferred from a 10‐gene concatenated alignment show an early‐branching position within the PX clade. The unusual morphological features and phylogenetic position indicate C. australica should be classified as a new class, Chrysoparadoxophyceae. Despite an atypical plastid, exploration of the C. australica transcriptome revealed typical heterokont protein targeting to the plastid.
The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the diatomNitzschia palea(Bacillariophyceae) demonstrate high sequence similarity to the endosymbiont organelles of the dinotomDurinskia baltica
Authors: Crowell Roseanna M. , Nienow James A. , Cahoon Aubrey Bruce 
Published: December 2018

Nitzschia paleais a common freshwater diatom used as a bioindicator because of its tolerance of polluted waterways. There is also evidence it may be the tertiary endosymbiont within the “dinotom” dinoflagellateDurinskia baltica. A putative strain ofN. paleawas collected from a pond on the University of Virginia's College at Wise campus and cultured. For initial identification, three markers were sequenced—nuclear18SrDNA, the chloroplast23SrDNA, andrbcL. Morphological characteristics were determined using light and scanning electron microscopy; based on these observations the cells were identified asN. paleaand named strain “Wise.”DNAfromN. paleawas deep sequenced and the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes assembled. Single gene phylogenies groupedN. palea—Wise within a clearly definedN. paleaclade and showed it was most closely related to the strain “SpainA3.” The chloroplast genome ofN. paleais 119,447 bp with a quadripartite structure, 135 protein‐coding, 28tRNA, and 3rRNAgenes. The mitochondrial genome is 37,754 bp with a single repeat region as found in other diatom chondriomes, 37 protein‐coding, 23tRNA, and 2rRNAgenes. The chloroplast genomes ofN. paleaandD. balticahave identical gene content, synteny, and a 92.7% pair‐wise sequence similarity with most differences occurring in intergenic regions. TheN. paleamitochondrial genome andD. baltica's endosymbiont mitochondrial genome also have identical gene content and order with a sequence similarity of 90.7%. Genome‐based phylogenies demonstrated thatD. balticais more similar toN. paleathan any other diatom sequence currently available. These data provide the genome sequences of two organelles for a widespread diatom and show they are very similar to those ofDurinskia baltica's endosymbiont.
Religiosity and Financial Crises in the United States
Authors: Orman Wafa Hakim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe farm crisis in the United States in the 1980s had profound effects on rural, agricultural regions of the country, but almost no impact on urban and suburban areas. At the same time, the 2007–2008 housing crisis impacted almost all metropolitan areas, but was much more deeply felt in certain states, such as California, Arizona, Nevada, and Florida. I use a difference‐in‐differences methodology and find that religiosity as measured by religious attendance, prayer frequency, and religious intensity increased significantly in areas impacted by the farm crisis for those who worked in agriculture, and by the housing crisis for those who worked in housing‐related industries. Chen describes increased religiosity in Indonesia following the 1998 financial crisis, and this article demonstrates a similar response to severe financial distress in the United States. This increase is not due to a lower opportunity cost of time, as those who are currently employed have higher levels of attendance than those who are not. I hypothesize that the increased religiosity results from religious institutions’ ability to provide public goods, both financial and emotional, in the form of community support.