bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YAP charge patterning mediates signal integration through transcriptional co-condensates
Authors: Weiner Orion , Meyer Kirstin , Yserentant Klaus , Cheloor-Kovilakam Rasmi , Ruff Kiersten , Chung Chan-I , Shu Xiaokun , Huang Bo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Transcription factor dynamics are used to selectively engage gene regulatory programs. Biomolecular condensates have emerged as an attractive signaling module in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, we probed the molecular basis of YAP signal integration through transcriptional condensates. Leveraging light-sheet single-molecule imaging and synthetic condensates, we demonstrate charge-mediated co-condensation of the transcriptional regulators YAP and Mediator into transcriptionally active condensates in stem cells. IDR sequence analysis and YAP protein engineering demonstrate that the signaling specificity of YAP is established, in part, through complementary electrostatic interactions between negatively charged blocks within YAP and positively charged blocks within Mediator. YAP/Mediator co-condensation is counteracted by negative feedback from transcription, driving an adaptive transcriptional response that is well-suited for decoding dynamic inputs. Our work reveals a molecular framework for YAP condensate formation and sheds new light on the function of YAP condensates for emergent gene regulatory behavior.
Meta-Domain Adaptive Framework for Efficient Diagnostic Assessment of Lung Infection Using CT Radiographs
Authors: Owais Muhammad , Hassan Taimur , Afzal Naqash , Khan Saddam Hussain , Velayudhan Divya , Ganapathi Iyyakutti Iyappan , Hussain Irfan , Werghi Naoufel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used for diagnosing lung infections, but manual interpretation is laborious. Artificial intelligence has spurred the development of efficient computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems, promising faster and more accurate diagnosis. However, many existing CAD systems lack sufficient cross-data analysis and consequently show suboptimal performance. To address their limitations, we propose a lightweight Meta-Domain Adoptive Segmentation Network (MDA-SN) with adaptive data normalization to enhance infection detection in cross-data analysis. Our optimal network design leverages multi-scale dilated grouped convolution with residual attention to ensure real-time performance and maintain accuracy. We further utilize the model to build a semantic attention-driven retrieval framework, enabling infection ratio quantification and retrieval of relevant CT slices from the database, closely matching the input test sample. Our method achieved an average cross-dataset performance of 75.93% Dice index and 67.42% Intersection over Union, surpassing state-of-the-art methods by 3.32% and 3.28%, respectively. Additionally, it achieves real-time execution, processing an average of 29 slices per second due to its significantly reduced number of training parameters—approximately 70% fewer than its closest competitor.
Double Jeopardy Study Protocol: Mixed-Methods Study to Understand ANHPI College Students at the Intersection of Sexual Violence and Anti-Asian Racism After COVID-19
Authors: Park Eunhee , Lai Jianchao , Gandhi Rhea , Lee Jenny , Massey Allison , Logan Madison , Nguyen Grace , Dou Sabrina , Wagman Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The rise in anti-Asian hate crimes and the concurrent risk of violence against women has created an urgent need to understand the mental health and help-seeking behaviors of Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) female college students. However, data on these intersecting issues are scarce, limiting our understanding and the availability of evidence-based advocacy tools and culturally specific services for ANHPI students who have experienced sexual violence. This mixed method study assesses experiences of sexual violence and anti-Asian racism and related mental and physical health among ANHPI students across the University of California (UC) campuses with more than 40% of the students identified as ANHPIs.
Methods
The Double Jeopardy Study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining survey data, qualitative interviews, and participatory-action Transmedia-Photovoice research. These methods are informed by intersectional, community-engaged frameworks and guided by trauma-informed, survivor-centered principles. The Double Jeopardy Study employs a sequential approach of three methodologies: quantitative online surveys; qualitative in-depth interviews; and Trnasmedia-Photovoice. Data are being collected from since September 2021 across all 10 UC campuses. Data collection and analysis are ongoing.
Discussion
The findings from this study will be used to inform programs aimed at preventing violence, promoting the health and well-being of ANHPI students, and enhancing services to meet the needs of ANHPI victim-survivors. Additionally, the findings will inform policies that promote culturally specific services for ANHPI student victim-survivors.
In situ neutralization of the genotoxicity of pathogenic gut bacteria with the polyketide synthase island
Authors: Li Jiahe , Yang Shaobo , Wang Zongqi , Fang Chengyuan , Yang Mengdi , Khawaled Saleh , Bonanno Shanna , Joshi Neel , Wei Yun , Zhang Ke , Márquez-Pellegrin Valeria , Guan Ming , Zhang Songqi , Dame Michael , Spence Jason , He Xuesong , Fox James , Yilmaz Omer , Shah Yatrik , Romee Rizwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The gut microbiota produce beneficial and deleterious metabolites to influence host physiology, with colibactin from pks+ bacteria one of the most studied metabolites associated with host genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. However, no FDA-approved therapeutics target colibactin. Interestingly, pks+ bacteria protect themselves from colibactin through ClbS, an intracellular enzyme inactivating colibactin. Building on this defense mechanism, we displayed ClbS on the surface of engineered bacteria to shield the host from the genotoxic effects across multiple pks+ isolates. This approach outperformed direct ClbS secretion from engineered bacteria and a small molecule inhibitor against colibactin biosynthesis in cell lines and colon organoids. Furthermore, our strategy inhibited pks+ E. coli in vivo, mitigated intestinal DNA damage, and suppressed tumorigenesis in mouse models of colon cancer. This work demonstrates the feasibility of inhibiting bacterial genotoxins in the gut with translational potential and offers a new avenue to understand the roles of microbial metabolites in host diseases.
Manifestation of chirality induced spin selectivity in chiral-photodiodes based on donor-acceptor copolymer/chiral molecule/fullerene blends
Authors: Vardeny Zeev , Pan Xin , Bailey Paul , Walpitage Heshan , Nikiforov Daniel , Kwon Ohyun , Cho Hwa-Young 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We studied two enantiomers of chiral blends consisting of fullerenes (PC71BM), chiral molecules (aza[6]H) and π-conjugated donor-acceptor copolymers (F8BT), which exhibit significant circular dichroism (CD). These were examined using optical and optoelectronic methods in films and chiral photodiodes, where the chiral blend serves as the active layer. These techniques include chiroptical response, steady state photocurrent (PC) spectroscopy and time-of-flight transient PC. We found that the PC in the chiral photodiode is sensitive to the impinging light helicity and the chiral blend handedness, showing large dissymmetry with gPC-factor ~ 20%. We show that the PC dissymmetry is caused by the chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS) in the active layer, where it serves as spin filter in the processes of the charge-transfer exciton dissociation into electron-hole pairs and their subsequent recombination across the polymer/fullerene interface, rather than the circularly polarized light absorption in the device, or the spin aligned carrier mobility. In particular, we demonstrate that the device PC dissymmetry spectrum does not follow the circular dichroism spectrum of the chiral blend, and the steady state electron and hole mobilities are not affected by their spin alignment. The CISS process is best manifested in the measured dissymmetry of the photocarriers lifetime dissymmetry under circular polarized light.
Effect of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease on milk yield in dairy cows
Authors: Pintos Camila García , Menchaca Alejo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Despite limited evidence, concerns about decreased milk yield during foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination programs are common among farmers and the dairy industry. This study evaluated the impact of FMD vaccination on milk production in dairy cows. In Experiment 1, a total of 593 lactating Holstein cows averaging 37.2 ± 0.3 kg/day in a free-stall system were randomly assigned to receive (n = 268) or not (n = 325) a dose of FMD vaccine on Day 0 of the experiment. Milk yield was recorded from Day − 3 to Day 9, and body temperature was measured in a subset of 96 cows from Day 0 to Day 3. Among cows producing ≥ 37.2 kg/d, vaccinated cows had lower milk yields between Days 1 and 5 than unvaccinated cows did (40.7 ± 0.3 kg/d vs. 42.9 ± 0.3 kg/d) (P < 0.05). In cows producing < 37.2 kg/d, vaccinated cows had lower milk yields on Days 1 and 2 (31.0 ± 0.3 kg/d vs. 32.9 ± 0.3 kg/d; P < 0.05). Vaccinated cows had higher body temperature on Day 1 (39.1 ± 0.1°C) than control cows (38.2 ± 0.0°C) (P < 0.05), with no difference on the other days. In Experiment 2, 146 lactating Holstein cows averaging 20.3 ± 0.3 kg/day in a pasture-based system were randomly assigned to two experimental groups to receive (n = 78) or not receive (n = 68) a dose of the FMD vaccine on Day 0. The milk yield was measured on Day 0 and Day 3, and the milk composition (i.e., fat, protein, and lactose contents), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen concentrations were analyzed on Day 3. No significant differences in milk yield, composition, or SCC were found between the groups (P = NS). In conclusion, a decrease in milk yield was observed after FMD vaccination in high-producing dairy cows (∼40 kg/d/cow) managed in a free-stall system, whereas no significant difference was detected in Holstein cows producing ∼20 kg/d, which were managed in a pasture-based system. These findings highlight the importance of considering production levels when assessing the impact of FMD vaccination on dairy production.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Diamond-based Thermal Neutron Detector
Authors: Lin Shuxian , Wu Zhengxin , Yan Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Diamond materials are known for their exceptional high-temperature resistance and radiation hardness, and thus offer significant promise for use in applications that operate in extreme environments , including nuclear reactors. In this study, we use Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations to develop a physical model of a diamond-based neutron detector. We systematically optimized the key parameters of both the fast and thermal neutron detectors, and assessed the impact of the materials of the neutron conversion layer (Lithium-6 fluoride (6 LiF), 10 B) and its thickness,the electrode materials (Al, Au, Ag), and the thickness of the electrodes and diamond on the performance of the detectors. The findings revealed that 6 LiF was the most effective material for the neutron conversion layer, with an optimal thickness of approximately 28 µm. Moreover, the highest efficiency of neutron detection was achieved when using Al electrodes with a thickness of 0.1 mm. The efficiency of thermal neutron detection reached 8.36% when using diamond materials with dimensions of 5 mm × 5 mm × 0.5 mm, while the efficiency of detection of 14 MeV fast neutrons was 0.94%. We used the Geant4 simulations to identify the ideal combination of the type of material of the neutron conversion layer and its thickness, the electrode material and its thickness, and the thickness of diamond to significantly enhance the performance of the detector. The results show that the optimized diamond-based neutron detectors can efficiency detect both thermal and fast neutrons, and offer important theoretical support for the deployment of diamond neutron detectors in practical engineering applications.
PACS numbers: 14.65.Ha
Balancing Efficiency and Security: PRNGs in Resource-Constrained MANET Environments
Authors: Dhamodharan Sathiya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study explores data security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) through the use of Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNGs). MANETs, known for their dynamic topology and decentralized structure, are increasingly utilized in applications ranging from emergency rescue operations to civilian communications and military use. However, these features also expose MANETs to significant security risks, such as eavesdropping, data interception, and unauthorized access, due to their reliance on shared wireless media and lack of stable infrastructure. Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted across MANET nodes is critical for secure communication. To address these challenges, this research proposes using PRNGs as a cryptographic method to enhance data security in MANETs. PRNGs are employed for data encryption, integrity checking, and cryptographic key generation by producing numerical sequences that simulate randomness. This study evaluates the performance of various PRNG algorithms, including Linear Congruential Generators (LCGs), in resource-constrained MANET nodes. Key metrics assessed include resilience to attacks, computational efficiency, and the quality of randomness. Additionally, the integration of PRNG-based methods with existing security frameworks—such as hash functions, digital signatures, and symmetric and asymmetric encryption—is explored. Practical considerations like key management, synchronization, and overhead are also examined to ensure viability in real-world MANET environments. Simulations demonstrate that the use of LCGs and other PRNGs can improve computational efficiency by 20%, while maintaining strong resistance to eavesdropping and other attacks.
From clicks to green choices: the impact of social media content type on green consumption intentions
Authors: Peng Zhenzhen , Su Ziduo , Dong Mingfang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of different types of information in short videos on bilibili on consumers' green consumption intentions. By selecting four short videos with varying content characteristics, an empirical study was conducted using situational experiments to test the proposed research model. Experiment 1 examined the interactive effects of information type and agent type on green purchase intention, revealing that content highlighting individual behaviour and positive messages is more effective in promoting green consumption compared to content focused on collective behaviour or negative messages. Experiment 2 identified the mediating roles of social identity and self-identity, elucidating distinct pathways to forming green purchase intention. Experiment 3 confirmed the moderating role of construal level in these processes. The findings highlight the significance of social media video content as a precursor to green consumption intentions, demonstrating the alignment effect between agent type and video content type. These insights can assist researchers and marketers in understanding and leveraging the influence of social media video content to foster green consumption.
Improving CNC Lathe machine Precision through Vibration Analysis for Clamping Error Detection Employing PCA
Authors: Ullah Aman , Chan Tzu-Chi , Xie Zhong-yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The vibration generated during mechanical manufacturing can lead to unpredictable variations in product quality, increasing production costs. Extensive research has been conducted to establish standard vibration coefficients and optimize efficient production processes. Various health monitoring methods have been explored, such as dynamic feature detection, machine tool state detection, cutting chatter analysis, and health state feedback for specific machine components. This study focuses on vibration analysis and health diagnostics for NC and traditional lathes, based on vibration signals under different clamping conditions. Five experiments were conducted, increasing spindle speed from 0 to 2000 rpm in 250-rpm increments across three clamping states. Vibration signals were collected using an intelligent prediction and diagnostic system, analyzed in the frequency domain, and validated through root mean square calculations and vibration eigenvalue assessment. Digital filtering was applied to remove outliers, followed by feature extraction and matching. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate 37 features and reduce data dimensionality, resulting in a vibration data distribution map across different speeds for each clamping state. The findings demonstrate that the PCA approach effectively identifies changes in vibration patterns, enabling the establishment of a health state feedback dataset for NC lathes based on vibration characteristics
Supporting Students through the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Perspectives of Food Pantry Workers
Authors: Tran Alvin , Kohli Muskan , Sreeniva Aishwarya , Chom Selena , Dhaani Dhaani , Rosette Neeko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
College students in the United States are disproportionately impacted by food insecurity, which is associated with diminished health outcomes and poor academic performance. One key resource to support students through periods of food insecurity are on-campus food pantries, which distribute food, personal hygiene products, and other essential items. But as colleges and universities navigated through the COVID-19 pandemic, many campuses closed their food pantries as the demand for their services among students grew. Few studies, however, have assessed how food pantries at academic institutions navigated through the COVID-19 pandemic to support students. With this knowledge gap in mind, our study objectives included the following: 1) to compare staff members’ perceptions on the impact of COVID-19 on food pantries of academic institutions; and 2) to provide recommendations to improve campus food pantries in navigating through future public health threats.
Methods
The research team conducted a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with staff members, including directors and supervisors, of food pantries located on the campuses of colleges and universities in the state of Connecticut. Participants also completed a short post-interview survey assessing demographic information and perspectives on food insecurity-related issues impacting their respective college or university. A template organizing approach was used to allow members of the research team to create a codebook of both inductive and deductive codes and identify emergent themes from the qualitative data.
Results
Twelve interviews were conducted, of which 7 participants represented four-year and 5 from 2-year institutions. Based on our thematic analysis if the interviews, we identified four central themes: 1) Persistent Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Barriers to Food Pantry Utilization; 2) Innovative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic; 3) Two- and Four-Year Colleges and Universities: Similarities and Differences; and 4) Demand for Non-Food-Related Items.
Conclusions
Our research underscores the importance of lessons gleaned by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly through the lens of on-campus food pantry workers. Their unique insight and lessons learned ought to be considered when academic institutions deliberate allocating resources and making key decisions to help mitigate food insecurity concerns on their campuses.
Establishing Baseline Photogrammetric Maps of Corals for Reef Health Assessment and Conservation in Malvan Marine Sanctuary, Maharashtra
Authors: NANDA SATYA SWAROOP , CHATRAGADDA RAMESH , DALVI NARAYAN , ROKKARUKALA SAMSON , KUMAR ASHISH ASWIN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Coral reefs in the Indian subcontinent are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change, yet the dynamics of reef topography and resilience remain largely untracked due to the absence of permanent markers and reef maps. This study aims to establish permanent coral reef monitoring sites in the Malvan Marine Sanctuary (MMS), Maharashtra, using 3D photogrammetry to assess both the current and long-term health of these reefs. Two transects were surveyed, revealing a live coral (LC) cover of 39.74% ± 11.75 SE, dead coral (DC) and substrate cover of 65.23% ± 0.03 SE, dead coral with algae (DCA) at 3.77% ± 3.03 SE, and sponge-infested coral (SIC) at 4.37% ± 3.08 SE. The reef assemblage was dominated by Turbinariaspecies, along with Porites, Favites, and others. Coral bleaching stands out as the major threat, as consecutive pulses of heat stress cause the loss of photo symbionts, significantly reducing the corals' energy acquisition and weakening their immune function, making them more susceptible to diseases. Observed stress indicators included White Plaque Disease (WPD), Skeletal Tissue growth Abnormalities (STAs), Vermetid snail infestations, widespread bioerosion caused by Cliona sponges, and smothering by turf algae and seaweeds. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring through photogrammetric mapping to track changes in reef structure over time and to guide timely conservation efforts.
Forbush decreases in cosmic rays during intensegeomagnetic storms
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Badruddin Badr , Derouich Moncef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present the relationship between Forbush decreases (FDs) andassociated geomagnetic storms (GSs), along with their connections to interplanetary (IP) solar wind (SW) parameters, using both hourly and minute time bins.We have classified the data into groups and employed superposed epoch analysis(SEA) for each. A fast, turbulent high-field shock/sheath structure formed beforethe FD onset and passed through during CME-driven events. In contrast, CIR-driven events show delayed amplification and more perturbed dynamics. Thetime-lag between the onset of FDs and GSs were calculated and majority of the events show a time-lag of 1.5 to 4.5 hours, which is crucial for space weatherforecasting. Correlation analysis between FD amplitude and the peak values ofvarious IP SW parameters have been performed and FD amplitude is best repre-sented by the SW speed and three-parameter derivative of the perturbed IMF,merged with the IP electric field function [(σB/B)×B×v]. For CME-inducedevents, the correlation between FD amplitude and both Dst minimum and Dstamplitude shows that moderate and strong storms exhibit a better relationshipcompared to extreme CME-driven storms. We correlated the characteristics ofICME transient speed, transient period, and angular size with FD amplitudefrom the point of ejection to arrival at Earth’s orbit. Our findings indicate thattransit velocity has a stronger correlation with FD amplitude. Additionally, ICME events accompanied by a fast forward shock ahead of the compressionsheath region show a stronger correlation than those without a shock. The FDamplitude and cutoff rigidity as well as energy spectra were correlated for theselected events for various neutron monitor (NM) stations located with differentlatitudes and altitudes. The FD amplitude increases linearly with the decreaseof rigidity magnitude.
The effect of xenon on the voltage‒current characteristics of tethered lipid bilayers
Authors: Alobeedallah Hadeel , Cornell Bruce , Coster Hans 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Xenon is a widely used noble gas general anaesthetic that has various pharmacological benefits. Xenon has unique properties that give this molecule exceptional affinity for interactions with membrane proteins and affects the properties of lipid membranes. In this study, we describe the effect of xenon on the electrical properties of tethered lipid membranes, including the effect of xenon on the activation energy for electrical conduction through lipid bilayers.