bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomenological approach to childhood cataract treatment in New Zealand using semi-structured interviews: how might we improve provision of care
Authors: Hamm Lisa M , Boluk Karla A , Black Joanna M , Dai Shuan , Thompson Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo understand how we might improve the provision of medical care for children with cataracts.DesignA phenomenological design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture rich descriptions of the phenomena. Our goal in the interview and the analysis was to understand the sources of distress associated with treatment for cataract and deprivation amblyopia which (1) could be addressed by the medical community and (2) related to treatment adherence.SettingInterviews were conducted by a non-clinician researcher in New Zealand (NZ) in a location chosen by informants. In NZ, the red reflex screening test is performed shortly after birth, and surgery to remove paediatric cataracts is publicly funded.ParticipantsFamilies of children who had a history of cataract in Auckland, NZ were posted an invitation to participate. Twenty families were interviewed.ResultsOur analysis illustrated that informants described a wide range of experiences, from declined cataract surgery to full adherence to medical advice including years of patching for more than 4 hours a day. Across these experiences, we identified three relevant themes; timing of diagnosis, communication between the parent and clinician, and parental social support networks.ConclusionThe medical community may be better placed to support families dealing with childhood cataract by improving detection of childhood cataract, building appropriate communication pathways and promoting social support, with an emphasis on empathetic, individualised care.
Are there gender differences in acute management and secondary prevention of acute coronary syndromes in Barbados? A cohort study
Authors: Sobers Natasha , Rose Angela M C , Samuels T Alafia , Critchley Julia , Abed Melissa , Hambleton Ian , Harvey Arianne , Unwin Nigel 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesIn Barbados, high case fatality rates have been reported after myocardial infarction (MI) with higher rates in women than men. To explore this inequality, we examined documented pharmacological interventions for ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable and chronic angina in women and men.DesignProspective cohort registry data for STEMI and NSTEMI and retrospective chart review for unstable and chronic angina.SettingTertiary care (acute coronary syndromes) and primary care (chronic angina) centres in Barbados.ParticipantsFor the years 2009–2016, a total of 1018 patients with STEMI or NSTEMI were identified via the prospective study. For unstable and chronic angina, 136 and 272 notes were reviewed respectively for the years 2010–2014.Outcome measuresThe proportions of patients prescribed recommended medication during the first 24 hours after an acute event, at discharge and for chronic care were calculated. Prescribed proportions were analysed by gender after adjustment for age.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2016, for the acute management of patients with NSTEMI and STEMI, only two (aspirin and clopidogrel) of six drugs had documented prescription rates of 80% or more. Patients with STEMI (n=552) had higher prescription rates than NSTEMI (n=466), with gender differences being more pronounced in the former. Among patients with STEMI, after adjustment for age, diabetes, hypertension and smoking, men were more likely to receive fibrinolytics acutely, OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.24 to 4.21). Compared with men, a higher proportion of women were discharged on all recommended treatments; this was only statistically significant for beta-blockers: age-adjusted OR 1.87 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.00). There were no statistically significant differences in documented prescription of drugs for chronic angina.ConclusionFollowing acute MI in Barbados, the proportion of patients with documented recommended treatment is relatively low. Although women were less likely to receive appropriate acute care than men, by discharge gender differences were reversed.
Multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention to prevent delirium for hospitalised people with advanced cancer: study protocol for a phase II cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hosie Annmarie , Phillips Jane , Lam Lawrence , Kochovska Slavica , Noble Beverly , Brassil Meg , Kurrle Susan E , Cumming Anne , Caplan Gideon A , Chye Richard , Le Brian , Ely E Wesley , Lawlor Peter G , Bush Shirley H , Davis Jan Maree , Lovell Melanie , Brown Linda , Fazekas Belinda , Cheah Seong Leang , Edwards Layla , Agar Meera 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionDelirium is a significant medical complication for hospitalised patients. Up to one-third of delirium episodes are preventable in older inpatients through non-pharmacological strategies that support essential human needs, such as physical and cognitive activity, sleep, hydration, vision and hearing. We hypothesised that a multicomponent intervention similarly may decrease delirium incidence, and/or its duration and severity, in inpatients with advanced cancer. Prior to a phase III trial, we aimed to determine if a multicomponent non-pharmacological delirium prevention intervention is feasible and acceptable for this specific inpatient group.Methods and analysisThe study is a phase II cluster randomised wait-listed controlled trial involving inpatients with advanced cancer at four Australian palliative care inpatient units. Intervention sites will introduce delirium screening, diagnostic assessment and a multicomponent delirium prevention intervention with six domains of care: preserving natural sleep; maintaining optimal vision and hearing; optimising hydration; promoting communication, orientation and cognition; optimising mobility; and promoting family partnership. Interdisciplinary teams will tailor intervention delivery to each site and to patient need. Control sites will first introduce only delirium screening and diagnosis, later implementing the intervention, modified according to initial results. The primary outcome is adherence to the intervention during the first seven days of admission, measured for 40 consecutively admitted eligible patients. Secondary outcomes relate to fidelity and feasibility, acceptability and sustainability of the study intervention, processes and measures in this patient population, using quantitative and qualitative measures. Delirium incidence and severity will be measured to inform power calculations for a future phase III trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained for all four sites. Trial results, qualitative substudy findings and implementation of the intervention will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, and reported at conferences, to study sites and key peak bodies.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001070325; Pre-results.
Impacts of Brexit on fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease in England: a modelling study
Authors: Seferidi Paraskevi , Laverty Anthony A , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Bandosz Piotr , Collins Brendan , Guzman-Castillo Maria , Capewell Simon , O’Flaherty Martin , Millett Christopher 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo estimate the potential impacts of different Brexit trade policy scenarios on the price and intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V) and consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in England between 2021 and 2030.DesignEconomic and epidemiological modelling study with probabilistic sensitivity analysis.SettingThe model combined publicly available data on F&V trade, published estimates of UK-specific price elasticities, national survey data on F&V intake, estimates on the relationship between F&V intake and CVD from published meta-analyses and CVD mortality projections for 2021–2030.ParticipantsEnglish adults aged 25 years and older.InterventionsWe modelled four potential post-Brexit trade scenarios: (1) free trading agreement with the EU and maintaining half of non-EU free trade partners; (2) free trading agreement with the EU but no trade deal with any non-EU countries; (3) no-deal Brexit; and (4) liberalised trade regime that eliminates all import tariffs.Outcome measuresCumulative coronary heart disease and stroke deaths attributed to the different Brexit scenarios modelled between 2021 and 2030.ResultsUnder all Brexit scenarios modelled, prices of F&V would increase, especially for those highly dependent on imports. This would decrease intake of F&V between 2.5% (95% uncertainty interval: 1.9% to 3.1%) and 11.4% (9.5% to 14.2%) under the different scenarios. Our model suggests that a no-deal Brexit scenario would be the most harmful, generating approximately 12 400 (6690 to 23 390) extra CVD deaths between 2021 and 2030, whereas establishing a free trading agreement with the EU would have a lower impact on mortality, contributing approximately 5740 (2860 to 11 910) extra CVD deaths.ConclusionsTrade policy under all modelled Brexit scenarios could increase price and decrease intake of F&V, generating substantial additional CVD mortality in England. The UK government should consider the population health implications of Brexit trade policy options, including changes to food systems.
How do Jordanian and Syrian youth living in Jordan envision their sexual and reproductive health needs? A concept mapping study protocol
Authors: Gausman Jewel , Othman Areej , Hamad Iqbal Lutfi , Dabobe Maysoon , Daas Insaf , Langer Ana 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionYouth in Jordan constitute 20.4% of the population, and many face considerable challenges in addressing their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, such as those related to the prevention of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, early marriage and sexual coercion and violence. The findings of previous studies indicate that Jordanian youth require reproductive health-related support, information and services; however, there remains very limited data as to how youth envision their SRH challenges and needs. This protocol outlines the design of a qualitative study using a participatory research methodology called concept mapping. This methodology enables participants to develop a conceptual framework for how they envision their sexual and reproductive health needs.Methods and analysisThis study will use concept mapping, which consists of a structured and iterative participatory research process that engages participants over three data collection sessions in order to generate the information needed to create a visual display of their ideas pertaining their SRH needs, issues and concerns, and how these ideas relate to each other. Each data collection session focuses on a different activity, including brainstorming, pile sorting and interpretation of the results. Data will be analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Transcriptions of group discussions will be coded and analysed to add depth to the study results. Two hundred and eighty-eight males and females of Jordanian or Syrian descent living in Jordan will be recruited from four communities across Jordan.Ethics and disseminationThis study meets the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the University of Jordan. Study findings will be presented in peer-reviewed, international journals and made available to local programme managers, policy-makers and stakeholders through local dissemination efforts.
Quantifying the short-term contribution of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) to soil carbon using 13C natural abundance technique in a sandy loam soil in eastern Canada
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Lynch Derek , Burton David L. , Papadopoulos Yousef A. , Main Michael 
Published: January 2019

The soil carbon (C) accumulation rate was determined for switchgrass, as compared with selected C3 species in Nova Scotia, Canada. There was no significant effect of crops on total soil C retention, whereas soil 13C signature (δ13C) was enriched by 0.4‰ in switchgrass relative to other C3 species, and C accumulation rate was 0.06 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the top 30 cm of soil.
Attracting Investments and Companies: Federal Multi-Level Collaboration in Switzerland and Canada
Authors: Vuignier Renaud 
Published: January 2019

While tackling the issue of place attractiveness for companies and investments in Canada and Switzerland at large, this research focuses on federal multi-level collaboration with two case studies: Ontario and Western Switzerland. Based on empirical data gathered from semi-structured interviews ([Formula: see text]) and surveys ([Formula: see text]) as well as on secondary data, it provides an analysis of the perception of intergovernmental collaboration by economic developers and a mapping of the challenges identified in both the Canadian and the Swiss contexts. A comparative perspective, complemented by data regarding business decision-making ([Formula: see text]), allows us to draw lessons for economic developers in both countries, aiming at extending both academic and practitioners’ literatures.Findings show that the federal contexts in which attractive strategies occur cause specific challenges for economic developers. While judging that the system works well in general, the majority of Canadian economic developers interviewed mentioned different problems to solve, such as the confusion for companies generated by a federal multi-level system and the need for more business-oriented strategies away from political concerns. The majority of Swiss economic developers interviewed also acknowledged issues caused by the federal system and wished for improvements regarding coordination between federal entities and levels. In this regard, pragmatism is perceived as a crucial factor for the implementation of successful attractive strategies.
The glacier-influenced marine record on high-latitude continental margins: synergies between modern, Quaternary and ancient evidence
Authors: Dowdeswell J. A. , Hogan K. A. , Le Heron D. P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Major glaciations or ‘ice ages’ are known to have affected the Earth's surface over the past three billion years. The best preserved records of these glaciations are often found in high-latitude continental margin settings where sediment has been delivered to, and then accumulated at, the edge of the ice sheet in thick glacier-influenced marine sequences. The composition and geometry of these deposits and the related assemblages of glacial landforms provide a wealth of information about the environmental setting during successive cycles of glaciation and deglaciation, including ice-dynamic and oceanographic processes. Here, we discuss modern (present day), Quaternary (last 2.6 myr) and ancient (last 1 gyr) high-latitude continental margin settings, and then contrast the methodologies used and glacier-influenced deposits and landforms most often identified for each time period. We use examples from the literature to identify synergies, as well as to note differences, between studies of glacier-influenced sediments from ancient to modern environments.
Made in China 2025 e Industrie 4.0: a difícil transição chinesa do catching up à economia puxada pela inovação
Authors: Arbix Glauco , Miranda Zil , Toledo Demétrio Cirne de , Zancul Eduardo de Senzi 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo estabelece uma comparação entre os principais planos executados pelo governo chinês para elevar o patamar tecnológico de sua economia e a plataforma Industrie 4.0, patrocinada pelo governo da Alemanha. Referência mundial para países avançados e emergentes, a plataforma Industrie 4.0 prenunciou profundas transformações no universo da manufatura com impactos em todas as sociedades. Os autores indicam que na arena tecnológica, apesar de avanços enormes, a China ainda não alcançou os padrões da Alemanha e de países como os Estados Unidos e o Japão. A efetivação dos ambiciosos planos chineses, em especial do Made in China 2025, tem pela frente desafios institucionais e tecnológicos significativos, como a incerteza estrutural que permeia a economia e as preferências oficiais pelas empresas públicas e grandes corporações privadas, derivadas do estilo top down de decisão que marca a atuação do Estado chinês. Os autores argumentam que a continuidade da progressão chinesa para além do catching up depende de suacapacidade de combinar a busca de tecnologias de ruptura com a construção de um ambiente mais flexível, capaz de difundir a inovação e manter o upgrading constante da capacidade endógena de desenvolvimento de CT&I.
CSR Sensemaking Applied to the Facts Related to the Collapse of the Samarco Tailings Dam
Authors: Cosenza José Paulo , Ribeiro Cintia de Melo de Albuquerque , Levy Ariel , Dios Selma Alves 
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the fundamental orientation guiding the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in the voluntary report published by Samarco – a Brazilian mining company, identifying how the company perceives itself regarding a severe environmental disaster occurred in 2015. Our analysis applied Basu and Palazzo (2008)'s model based on an organizational sensemaking process to explain how the organization expresses its thinking, how it discusses and acts to cope with the accident expectancy and its consequences. We analyzed the reports that depict the tailings dam collapse, observing whether the risks and damages to the ecosystem would be mentioned and anticipated to the stakeholders. Our evidence point out that the company had not disclosed beforehand any relevant information about the real hazards or critical impacts of its operating activities. After the accident, Samarco seems to maintain its relational posture towards society. However, the practical actions signal that the company is after its own business.
Topological exploration of artificial neuronal network dynamics
Authors: Bardin Jean-Baptiste , Spreemann Gard , Hess Kathryn 
Published: January 2019

One of the paramount challenges in neuroscience is to understand the dynamics of individual neurons and how they give rise to network dynamics when interconnected. Historically, researchers have resorted to graph theory, statistics, and statistical mechanics to describe the spatiotemporal structure of such network dynamics. Our novel approach employs tools from algebraic topology to characterize the global properties of network structure and dynamics. We propose a method based on persistent homology to automatically classify network dynamics using topological features of spaces built from various spike train distances. We investigate the efficacy of our method by simulating activity in three small artificial neural networks with different sets of parameters, giving rise to dynamics that can be classified into four regimes. We then compute three measures of spike train similarity and use persistent homology to extract topological features that are fundamentally different from those used in traditional methods. Our results show that a machine learning classifier trained on these features can accurately predict the regime of the network it was trained on and also generalize to other networks that were not presented during training. Moreover, we demonstrate that using features extracted from multiple spike train distances systematically improves the performance of our method.
Male group members are costly to plurally breeding Octodon degus females
Authors: Hayes Loren D. , Correa Loreto A. , Abades Sebastian , Gao Cuilan L. , Ebensperger Luis A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report the results of a 6-year study of social (number of adult males/females, relatedness of females, communal litter size) and ecological (mean/CV of food abundance, soil hardness, burrow openings) factors influencing the direct fitness of plurally breeding degu (Octodon degus) females. The best fit models for per capita offspring weaned and standardized variance in direct fitness (within-group variation) included the number of adult males per group. Per capita number of offspring weaned decreased and standardized variance in direct fitness increased with increasing number of adult males per group. Thus, females experience a cost associated with males that is not shared equally. Standardize variance in direct fitness decreased with increasing communal litter size. All other factors were not significant predictors of direct fitness variation. Our study suggests that plural breeding may not be as egalitarian as previously thought. Consequences of plural breeding may be influenced by intra- and inter-sexual conflict.
Dangerous game: preferential predation on baboons by African wild dogs in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: van der Meer Esther , Lyon Nick , Mutonhori Thomas , Mandisodza-Chikerema Roseline , Blinston Peter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
When selecting prey, carnivores optimise energy gained when consuming prey against energy spent when pursuing and subduing prey. Additionally, predators seem to preferentially predate on prey which presents a low risk of injury. When defending itself against predators, baboons (Papio spp.) can inflict serious injury and cause mortality. Although part of Africa’s large carnivores’ diet, predation on baboons is usually avoided. We investigated prey selection patterns of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe. Based on direct and indirect observations and analyses of faecal samples, we show that baboons form a substantial part of the African wild dog diet and were more frequently predated on than would be expected based on availability. Predation on baboons did not vary over baboon sex or age classes but was affected by seasonality. This is the first study to describe a preference for predation on this unusual prey species.
Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of deep-water Baikal amphipods
Authors: Bazarsadueva Selmeg V. , Radnaeva Larisa D. , Tulokhonov Arnold K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this report, we have compared the fatty acid composition of the endemic Lake Baikal amphipods Ommatogammarus albinus (Dybowsky, 1874) and Parapallasea lagowskii (Dybowsky, 1874). Specimens were sampled using the deep-water manned submersible “Mir” at the oil-methane seeps of Cape Gorevoy Utes and at a hydrothermal vent in Frolikha Bay. High levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and relatively low levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected in the studied amphipods, with oleic and palmitic acid representing the main fatty acid components. The habitat of the amphipods exerted a profound effect on their fatty acid profile: the amphipods of Gorevoy Utes contained higher levels of linolenic 18:3n3 and arachidonic 20:4n6 acids, while the amphipods of Frolikha Bay contained higher levels of eicosapentaenoic 20:5n3 and docosahexaenoic 22:6n3 acid. Based on these findings, we suggest that the amphipods’ diet in different areas of Lake Baikal determines their fatty acid composition.
The Manus Island Regional Processing Centre: A Legal Taxonomy
Authors: Tan Nikolas Feith 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article considers the controversial cooperative migration control approach of extraterritorial asylum through a case study of the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre (RPC), in operation between 2012 and 2017. Rather than operating in a ‘legal black hole’, the RPC was the site of legal contestation, as refugees and their lawyers turned to various legal fora in an attempt to hold Australia, Papua New Guinea and private contractors responsible for violations of human rights law. The recent closure of the RPC, as a result of litigation in the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court, shows that just as States employ a broad range of deterrence policies, refugee lawyers have an emerging ‘toolbox’ at their disposal to challenge extraterritorial asylum policies. The Manus Island RPC experience holds lessons for future litigation on policies of extraterritorial asylum, presenting both opportunities and risks for policymakers and refugee lawyers alike.