bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Current Genomic Landscape of Western South America: Andes, Amazonia, and Pacific Coast
Authors: Barbieri Chiara , Barquera Rodrigo , Arias Leonardo , Sandoval José R , Acosta Oscar , Zurita Camilo , Aguilar-Campos Abraham , Tito-Álvarez Ana M , Serrano-Osuna Ricardo , Gray Russell D , Mafessoni Fabrizio , Heggarty Paul , Shimizu Kentaro K , Fujita Ricardo , Stoneking Mark , Pugach Irina , Fehren-Schmitz Lars 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies of Native South American genetic diversity have helped to shed light on the peopling and differentiation of the continent, but available data are sparse for the major ecogeographic domains. These include the Pacific Coast, a potential early migration route; the Andes, home to the most expansive complex societies and to one of the most widely spoken indigenous language families of the continent (Quechua); and Amazonia, with its understudied population structure and rich cultural diversity. Here, we explore the genetic structure of 176 individuals from these three domains, genotyped with the Affymetrix Human Origins array. We infer multiple sources of ancestry within the Native American ancestry component; one with clear predominance on the Coast and in the Andes, and at least two distinct substrates in neighboring Amazonia, including a previously undetected ancestry characteristic of northern Ecuador and Colombia. Amazonian populations are also involved in recent gene-flow with each other and across ecogeographic domains, which does not accord with the traditional view of small, isolated groups. Long-distance genetic connections between speakers of the same language family suggest that indigenous languages here were spread not by cultural contact alone. Finally, Native American populations admixed with post-Columbian European and African sources at different times, with few cases of prolonged isolation. With our results we emphasize the importance of including understudied regions of the continent in high-resolution genetic studies, and we illustrate the potential of SNP chip arrays for informative regional-scale analysis.
Implementation of a Standardized Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia Protocol Improves Pain Control, Reduces Opioid Consumption, and Shortens Length of Hospital Stay After Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Walker Corey T , Gullotti David M , Prendergast Virginia , Radosevich John , Grimm Doneen , Cole Tyler S , Godzik Jakub , Patel Arpan A , Whiting Alexander C , Little Andrew , Uribe Juan S , Kakarla Udaya K , Turner Jay D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Multimodal analgesia regimens have been suggested to improve pain control and reduce opioid consumption after surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To institutionally implement an evidence-based quality improvement initiative to standardize and optimize pain treatment following neurosurgical procedures. Our goal was to objectively evaluate efficacy of this multimodal protocol.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort analysis of pain-related outcomes after posterior lumbar fusion procedures was performed. We compared patients treated in the 6 mo preceding (PRE) and 6 mo following (POST) protocol execution.

RESULTS
A total of 102 PRE and 118 POST patients were included. The cohorts were well-matched regarding sex, age, surgical duration, number of segments fused, preoperative opioid consumption, and baseline physical status (all P > .05). Average patient-reported numerical rating scale pain scores significantly improved in the first 24 hr postoperatively (5.6 vs 4.5, P < .001) and 24 to 72 hr postoperatively (4.7 vs 3.4, P < .001), PRE vs POST, respectively. Maximum pain scores and time to achieving appropriate pain control also significantly improved during these same intervals (all P < .05). A concomitant decrease in opioid consumption during the first 72 hr was seen (110 vs 71 morphine milligram equivalents, P = .02). There was an observed reduction in opioid-related adverse events per patient (1.31 vs 0.83, P < .001) and hospital length of stay (4.6 vs 3.9 days, P = .03) after implementation of the protocol.

CONCLUSION
Implementation of an evidence-based, multimodal analgesia protocol improved postoperative outcomes, including pain scores, opioid consumption, and length of hospital stay, after posterior lumbar spinal fusion.
Engineering of a novel subnanomolar affinity fibronectin III domain binder targeting human programmed death-ligand 1
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sindhuja , Natarajan Arutselvan , Chan Carmel T , Panesar Paramjyot Singh , Gambhir Sanjiv S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major checkpoint protein that helps cancer cells evade the immune system. A non-invasive imaging agent with rapid clearance rate would be an ideal tool to predict and monitor the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. The aim of this research was to engineer a subnanomolar, high-affinity fibronectin type 3 domain (FN3)-based small binder targeted against human PD-L1 (hPD-L1) present on tumor cells. A naive yeast G4 library containing the FN3 gene with three binding loop sequences was used to isolate high-affinity binders targeted to purified full-length hPD-L1. The selected binder clones displayed several mutations in the loop regions of the FN3 domain. One unique clone (FN3hPD-L1-01) with a 6x His-tag at the C-terminus had a protein yield of &gt;5 mg/L and a protein mass of 12 kDa. In vitro binding assays on six different human cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, DLD1, U87, 293 T, Raji and Jurkat) and murine CT26 colon carcinoma cells stably expressing hPD-L1 showed that CT26/hPD-L1 cells had the highest expression of hPD-L1 in both basal and IFN-γ-induced states, with a binding affinity of 2.38 ± 0.26 nM for FN3hPD-L1-01. The binding ability of FN3hPD-L1-01 was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on ex vivo CT26/hPD-L1 tumors sections. The FN3hPD-L1-01 binder represents a novel, small, high-affinity binder for imaging hPD-L1 expression on tumor cells and would aid in earlier imaging of tumors. Future clinical validation studies of the labeled FN3hPD-L1 binder(s) have the potential to monitor immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy and predict responders.
Phylogenetic measures of indel rate variation among the HIV-1 group M subtypes
Authors: Palmer John , Poon Art F Y 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe transmission fitness and pathogenesis of HIV-1 is disproportionately influenced by evolution in the five variable regions (V1–V5) of the surface envelope glycoprotein (gp120). Insertions and deletions (indels) are a significant source of evolutionary change in these regions. However, the rate and composition of indels has not yet been quantified through a large-scale comparative analysis of HIV-1 sequences. Here, we develop and report results from a phylogenetic method to estimate indel rates for the gp120 variable regions across five major subtypes and two circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) of HIV-1 group M. We processed over 26,000 published HIV-1 gp120 sequences, from which we extracted 6,605 sequences for phylogenetic analysis. We reconstructed time-scaled phylogenies by maximum likelihood and fit a binomial-Poisson model to the observed distribution of indels between closely related pairs of sequences in each tree (cherries). By focusing on cherries in each tree, we obtained phylogenetically independent indel reconstructions, and the shorter time scales in cherries reduced the bias due to purifying selection. Rate estimates ranged from 3.0×10−5 to 1.5×10−3 indels/nt/year and varied significantly among variable regions and subtypes. Indel rates were significantly lower in V3 relative to V1, and were also lower in HIV-1 subtype B relative to the 01_AE reference. We also found that V1, V2, and V4 tended to accumulate significantly longer indels. Furthermore, we observed that the nucleotide composition of indels was distinct from the flanking sequence, with higher frequencies of G and lower frequencies of T. Indels affected N-linked glycosylation sites more often in V1 and V2 than expected by chance, consistent with positive selection on glycosylation patterns within these regions. These results represent the first comprehensive measures of indel rates in HIV-1 gp120 across multiple subtypes and CRFs, and identifies novel and unexpected patterns for further research in the molecular evolution of HIV-1.
Silver-Impregnated Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for the Treatment of Lower-Extremity Open Wounds: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Hahn Hyung Min , Lee Il Jae , Woo Kyong-je , Park Bo Young 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of silver-impregnated negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in lower-extremity acute traumatic wounds.

METHODS
Open contaminated wounds caused by high-velocity trauma in the lower extremities were randomly allocated into two groups. The wounds in the control and experimental groups were treated with conventional NPWT (n = 31) and silver-impregnated NPWT (n = 35), respectively.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Serial bacterial cultures were obtained from the participants’ wounds, polyurethane foam, and suction tubes weekly during the 4-week follow-up to identify bacteria and follow their conversions.

MAIN RESULTS
Bacterial colonization rates in the silver NPWT group were generally lower than those in the conventional NPWT group, and the difference increased with time. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization, wounds treated with silver-impregnated NPWT showed a significant reduction in bacterial load compared with those treated with conventional NPWT.

CONCLUSIONS
Silver-impregnated NPWT effectively decreases bacterial load in open contaminated wounds of the lower extremities. It can be used as a temporizing measure to manage bacterial colonization while patients and wounds are being prepared for final wound reconstruction.
Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Tinea Infections
Authors: Woo Taylor E. , Somayaji Ranjani , Haber R. M. , Parsons Laurie 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDermatophyte or tinea infection refers to a group of superficial fungal infections of the hair, skin, and nails. Tinea infections are most commonly caused by fungi of the genusTrichophyton,Microsporum, orEpidermophyton. Cutaneous manifestations of tinea infections are seen worldwide and classified based on the affected body site. The diagnosis of these conditions is complicated by morphologic variations in presentation and overlap with other common infectious and noninfectious entities. As a result, diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions are essential to avoid patient morbidity. This case-based review summarizes the epidemiology, relevant clinical features, microbiology, and management considerations for commonly encountered tinea infections.GENERAL PURPOSETo provide information about the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of cutaneous tinea infections.TARGET AUDIENCEThis continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMESAfter completing this continuing education activity, you should be better able to:1. Summarize the epidemiology related to cutaneous tinea infections.2. Describe the clinical features of cutaneous tinea infections.3. Identify features related to the diagnosis and management of cutaneous tinea infections.
Development of a Writing Rubric: A Failed Research Study Yielding Positive Results
Authors: Kruse Gayle L. , Baylor Susan L. , Thomson Phyllis D. , Wagner Peggy L. , Doughty Andrea S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Faculty frustration with poor student writing ability and inconsistency among faculty on grading elements of assigned papers triggered the college administration to appoint a writing task force. The first goal was to develop a writing rubric. To measure the effectiveness of the rubric, faculty designed a research study but encountered failure early. Researchers could not achieve interrater reliability using the rubric and were unable to move forward. However, even a failed research study does not necessarily result in failure. Positive lessons were learned, a rubric contract was implemented, and our processes were innovated for improved faculty/student communication.
A School of Nursing’s Response to Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Robinson Ruthie , Hale Gina , Hall Iva , Knight Stacey , Melancon Britton , Moss Patti , Stinson Cynthia K. , Wenner Lori 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hurricane Harvey hit the Gulf Coast in August 2017, dumping over 60 inches of rain in just a few short days. Nearly a quarter of households were damaged or lost during this time, and services were impacted for weeks. This article discusses one school of nursing’s response to this natural disaster. With natural disasters increasing in number, it is hoped that this article will help schools of nursing plan for such an event.
Culturally Congruent Evidence-Based Practice in an International Outreach Course for Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Davis Janet H. , Bustos Belen Samai , Spoljoric Diane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The PICO (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework is widely accepted for posing evidence-based practice questions. This framework offers prelicensure nursing students a structured process for synthesizing nursing knowledge with the best available evidence to make decisions for practice. However, students in an international outreach course may find that evidence-based practice is not available in-country; furthermore, it may not be congruent with a population’s culture. Faculty guidance helps students enrolled in international outreach courses to integrate cultural competence into the PICO structure. A case study illustrates how the framework was applied during an undergraduate nursing outreach course to Nicaragua.
Evaluating and managing low back pain in primary care
Authors: Pfieffer Mary Lauren 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent patient complaints in primary care. Common LBP diagnoses include nonspecific LBP, radicular pain, lumbar-disk herniation, spinal infection, and ankylosing spondylitis. A thorough history and physical exam are imperative. LBP treatment is multifactorial and blends pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches.
Screening and interventions for substance use in primary care
Authors: Knapp Michelle Marie , McCabe Donna E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
NPs in primary care settings are well positioned to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs affect patients across the age spectrum and may be diagnosed and treated by NPs using brief interventions and pharmacologic therapies, or patients may be referred to specialty services. This article provides guidelines for screening, brief interventions, and pharmacologic therapies.
Liquid Biopsy of HPV DNA in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Cheung Tak Hong , Yim So Fan , Yu Mei Yun , Worley Michael J. , Fiascone Stephen J. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Keith W. K. , Siu Nelson S. S. , Wong Martin C. S. , Yeung Apple C. M. , Wong Raymond R. Y. , Chen Zi Gui , Elias Kevin M. , Chung Tony K. H. , Berkowitz Ross S. , Wong Yick Fu , Chan Paul K. S. 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from J Clin Virol 2019;114:32–36)
Despite the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, 2 HPV subtypes, HPV16 and HPV18, are responsible for greater than 70% of cervical cancers. Posttreatment surveillance for patients with cervical cancer currently involves physical examination and imaging studies.
A Randomized Trial of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Miscarriage Surgery
Authors: Lissauer David , Wilson Amie , Hewitt Catherine A. , Middleton Lee , Bishop Jonathan R. B. , Daniels Jane , Merriel Abi , Weeks Andrew , Mhango Chisale , Mataya Ronald , Taulo Frank , Ngalawesa Theresa , Chirwa Agatha , Mphasa Colleta , Tambala Tayamika , Chiudzu Grace , Mwalwanda Caroline , Mboma Agnes , Qureshi Rahat , Ahmed Iffat , Ismail Humera , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Mbaruku Godfrey , Chibwana Jerome , Watts Grace , Simon Beatus , Ditai James , Otim Tom Charles , Acam JaneFrances , Ekunait John , Unzia Hellen , Iyaku Margaret , Makiika Joshua J. , Zamora Javier , Roberts Tracy , Goranitis Ilias , Bar-Zeev Sarah , Desmond Nicola , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Gulmezoglu Ahmet M. , Coomarasamy Arri 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2019;380:1012–1021)
Ten percent to 20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Products of conception are retained in some cases of spontaneous abortion, and surgical intervention is needed for their removal.
Oral Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Relugolix Compared With Leuprorelin Injections for Uterine Leiomyomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Osuga Yutaka , Enya Kazuaki , Kudou Kentarou , Tanimoto Masataka , Hoshiai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;133:423–433)
Uterine leiomyomas occur in approximately 20% to 40% of women. A major symptom in women with fibroids is persistent heavy menstrual bleeding, resulting in anemia with fatigue and reduced quality of life.
Association of Long-term Child Growth and Developmental Outcomes With Metformin vs Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Landi Suzanne N. , Radke Sarah , Engel Stephanie M. , Boggess Kim , Stürmer Til , Howe Anna S. , Funk Michele Jonsson 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2019;173(2):160–168)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, characterized by relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, leading to maternal hyperglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic agents, such as metformin, have emerged as an option for GDM management.
Prenatal Exome Sequencing Analysis in Fetal Structural Anomalies Detected by Ultrasonography (PAGE): A Cohort Study
Authors: Lord Jenny , McMullan Dominic J. , Eberhardt Ruth Y. , Rinck Gabriele , Hamilton Susan J. , Quinlan-Jones Elizabeth , Prigmore Elena , Keelagher Rebecca , Best Sunayna K. , Carey Georgina K. , Mellis Rhiannon , Robart Sarah , Berry Ian R. , Chandler Kate E. , Cilliers Deirdre , Cresswell Lara , Edwards Sandra L. , Gardiner Carol , Henderson Alex , Holden Simon T. , Homfray Tessa , Lester Tracy , Lewis Rebecca A. , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Prescott Katrina , Quarrell Oliver W. , Ramsden Simon C. , Roberts Eileen , Tapon Dagmar , Tooley Madeleine J. , Vasudevan Pradeep C. , Weber Astrid P. , Wellesley Diana G. , Westwood Paul , White Helen , Parker Michael , Williams Denise , Jenkins Lucy , Scott Richard H. , Kilby Mark D. , Chitty Lyn S. , Hurles Matthew E. , Maher Eamonn R. 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393:747–757)
Fetal structural anomalies, detected by ultrasonography, have a range of genetic causes, including chromosomal aneuploidy, copy number variations (CNVs), and pathogenic sequence variants in developmental genes. Conventional prenatal cytogenetic analysis was historically the first-line method to investigate these anomalies, but chromosomal microarray analysis has been adopted more recently, as this test is able to detect smaller, but significant, CNVs.
Routine First-Trimester Screening for Fetal Trisomies in Twin Pregnancy: Cell-free DNA Test Contingent on Results From Combined Test
Authors: Galeva S. , Konstantinidou L. , Gil M. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019;53(2):208–213)
In singleton pregnancies, screening for the major trisomies using a combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A can detect approximately 90% of cases of trisomy 13, 18, or 21, at a false-positive rate of 5%. In twin pregnancies, use of the combined test can achieve a similar detection rate (DR) for trisomy 21, but with a higher false-positive rate of about 6%.
Extended In Vitro Culture of Human Embryos Demonstrates the Complex Nature of Diagnosing Chromosomal Mosaicism From a Single Trophectoderm Biopsy
Authors: Popovic M. , Dhaenens L. , Taelman J. , Dheedene A. , Bialecka M. , De Sutter P. , de Sousa Lopes S. M. Chuva , Menten B. , Heindryckx B. 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2019;34(4):758–769)
The development of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A) in conjunction with assisted reproductive technology has led to valuable analysis of the high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities observed in human embryos. While mosaic embryos may lead to healthy live births, the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes is much greater when compared with euploid blastocyst development.
Induction of Labour at 41 Weeks Versus Expectant Management Until 42 Weeks (INDEX): Multicentre, Randomised Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Keulen Judit K. J. , Bruinsma Aafke , Kortekaas Joep C. , van Dillen Jeroen , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , Oudijk Martijn A. , Duijnhoven Ruben G. , van Kaam Anton H. , Vandenbussche Frank P. H. A. , van der Post Joris A. M. , Mol Ben Willem , de Miranda Esteriek 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from BMJ 2019;364:l344)
Postterm pregnancy, defined as a pregnancy extended to or beyond 42 weeks, is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. The risk of adverse perinatal outcome increases gradually after 40 weeks, even though favorable perinatal outcomes between 40 and 42 weeks are good in high-resource settings.
The Growth-Restricted Fetus: Risk of Mortality by Each Additional Week of Expectant Management
Authors: Pilliod Rachel A. , Page Jessica M. , Sparks Teresa N. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019;32(3):442–447)
Pregnancies diagnosed as having fetal growth restriction (FGR) are defined as those where the estimated fetal weight by ultrasound is less than the 10th percentile. Several studies have shown an association between FGR fetuses and stillbirth, with the risk of stillbirth inversely proportional to the degree of growth restriction.
Association of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy With Biochemical Markers: Results of Aggregate and Individual Patient Data Meta-analyses
Authors: Ovadia Caroline , Seed Paul T. , Sklavounos Alexandros , Geenes Victoria , Di Illio Chiara , Chambers Jenny , Kohari Katherine , Bacq Yannick , Bozkurt Nuray , Brun-Furrer Romana , Bull Laura , Estiú Maria C. , Grymowicz Monika , Gunaydin Berrin , Hague William M. , Haslinger Christian , Hu Yayi , Kawakita Tetsuya , Kebapcilar Ayse G. , Kebapcilar Levent , Kondrackienė Jūratė , Koster Maria P. H. , Kowalska-Kańka Aneta , Kupčinskas Limas , Lee Richard H. , Locatelli Anna , Macias Rocio I. R. , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Oudijk Martijn A. , Raz Yael , Rimon Eli , Shan Dan , Shao Yong , Tribe Rachel , Tripodi Valeria , Abide Cigdem Yayla , Yenidede Ilter , Thornton Jim G. , Chappell Lucy C. , Williamson Catherine 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393(10174):899–909)
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) affects less than 0.1% to 0.2% of pregnant women. It is diagnosed in women with gestational pruritus and increased serum bile acids and can be complicated by preterm labor, fetal asphyxia, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and stillbirth.
A 12-Month Clinical Durability of Effectiveness and Safety Evaluation of a Vaginal Bowel Control System for the Nonsurgical Treatment of Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Richter Holly E. , Dunivan Gena , Brown Heidi W. , Andy Uduak , Dyer Keisha Y. , Rardin Charles , Muir Tristi , McNevin Shane , Paquette Ian , Gutman Robert E. , Quiroz Lieschen , Wu Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019;25:113–119)
Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common debilitating condition in women that impacts their quality of life. Inability to control bowel movements is embarrassing and can lead to social isolation.