bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remembering War: Fabre on Remembrance
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFollowing wars, what requirements, if any, of remembrance do we – those who live in peacetime – have? On whom do they fall? Who must be remembered? How should they be remembered? Fabre offers us an account of remembrance that answers some of those questions and provides a helpful framework for working through the others. It is philosophically nuanced as well as attuned to the complexity of war and informed by actual commemorative practices. In this article, however, I expand Fabre's list of desiderata that a good account of war remembrance must meet. I argue that Fabre's account needs to be refined and, at least in one respect, revised in light of these new desiderata.
Differential impact of trait sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD inattention in early childhood on adolescent functioning
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Burns G. Leonard , Leopold Daniel R. , Olson Richard K. , Willcutt Erik G. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundSluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is distinct from attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention (ADHD‐IN) and concurrently associated with a range of impairment domains. However, few longitudinal studies have examined SCT as a longitudinal predictor of adjustment. Studies to date have all used a relatively short longitudinal time span (6 months to 2 years) and only rating scale measures of adjustment. Using a prospective, multi‐method design, this study examined whether SCT and ADHD‐IN were differentially associated with functioning over a 10‐year period between preschool and the end of ninth grade.MethodsLatent state‐trait modeling determined the trait variance (i.e. consistency across occasions) of SCT and ADHD‐IN across four measurement points (preschool and the end of kindergarten, first grade, and second grade) in a large population‐based longitudinal sample (N = 976). Regression analyses were used to examine trait SCT and ADHD‐IN factors in early childhood as predictors of functioning at the end of ninth grade (i.e. parent ratings of psychopathology and social/academic functioning, reading and mathematics academic achievement scores, processing speed and working memory).ResultsBoth SCT and ADHD‐IN contained more trait variance (Ms = 65% and 61%, respectively) than occasion‐specific variance (Ms = 35% and 39%) in early childhood, with trait variance increasing as children progressed from preschool through early elementary school. In regression analyses: (a) SCT significantly predicted greater withdrawal and anxiety/depression whereas ADHD‐IN did not uniquely predict these internalizing domains; (b) ADHD‐IN uniquely predicted more externalizing behaviors whereas SCT uniquely predicted fewer externalizing behaviors; (c) SCT uniquely predicted shyness whereas both SCT and ADHD‐IN uniquely predicted global social difficulties; and (d) ADHD‐IN uniquely predicted poorer math achievement and slower processing speed whereas SCT more consistently predicted poorer reading achievement.ConclusionsFindings of this study – from the longest prospective sample to date – provide the clearest evidence yet that SCT and ADHD‐IN often differ when it comes to the functional outcomes they predict.
Heat‐inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protects zebrafish against mycobacteriosis
Authors: López Vladimir , Risalde María Angeles , Contreras Marinela , Mateos‐Hernández Lourdes , Vicente Joaquin , Gortázar Christian , de la Fuente José 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControl of mycobacterial infection constitutes a priority for human and animal health worldwide. However, effective vaccines are needed for the control of human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Adult zebrafish have become a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for TB control and prevention. Recently, parenteral and oral immunization with the heat‐inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protected wild boar against TB. The objectives of this study were to provide additional support for the role of M. bovis IV in TB control using the zebrafish model and to conduct the first trial with this vaccine for the control of fish mycobacteriosis. The results showed that M. bovis IV protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by low and high infection doses of Mycobacterium marinum and provided evidence suggesting that the protective mechanism elicited by M. bovis IV in zebrafish as in other species is based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway, with a role for the regulatory protein Akr2 in this process. These results encourage the use of M. bovis IV for TB control in different species.
Anatomic description of the palmaris longus muscle and report of variant nerve supply in the white‐footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus Günther, 1876)
Authors: Vélez‐García Juan Fernando , Duque‐Parra Jorge Eduardo , Barco‐Ríos John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe gross anatomy of the palmaris longus muscle in 12 specimens of Saguinus leucopus was studied by dissection. This muscle was constant and unipennate, originated in the medial epicondyle of the humerus; inserted onto flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis; and innerved by the median nerve, and in one case, together with the ulnar nerve. This is the first report of double innervation for this muscle in primates.
Effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptide Y in plasma and placentas from intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Yue Yongfei , Xu Duo , Wang Yun , Wang Xiaoyan , Xia Fei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo analyze inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in maternal plasma and placentas of human with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).MethodsThe plasma and placentas were collected from 35 women with normal pregnancies and 33 women with ICP. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate maternal plasma iNOS and NPY levels. The mRNA levels and cell‐specific localization of iNOS and NPY were determined by quantitative PCR, Western Blotting and immunohistochemical analysis in placentas.ResultsIn human placentas, it revealed iNOS and NPY were mainly localized in syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblastin and vascular endothelium cells using immunohistochemistry analysis. iNOS protein and mRNA expression in ICP maternal plasma and placental tissue were significantly lower than in control groups (P <0.01). In maternal plasma and placentas tissue from ICP patients, a marked up‐regulation of NPY protein and mRNA expression were observed (P <0.01).ConclusioniNOS and NPY may play a role in the effect of maternal cholestasis on the placenta. The down‐regulation of iNOS and up‐regulation of NPY in ICP may influence the blood flow of the utero‐placental‐fetal unit, which may play a significant role in poor fetoplacental vascular perfusion, acute hypoxia and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Comparative study of transobturator sling with and without concomitant prolapse surgery for female urodynamic stress incontinence
Authors: Liang Ching‐Chung , Hsieh Wu‐Chiao , Huang Lulu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of transobturator sling (TOT) with or without concomitant prolapse surgery for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).MethodsWe recruited 143 consecutive patients diagnosed with USI, who received outside‐in TOT in a university hospital. Preoperative and postoperative examinations were implemented using structured urogynecological questionnaires, pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination and urodynamic testing. Patient demographics, surgical and urodynamic results were compared between TOT with and without concomitant prolapse surgery.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 30.1 months (range 12–57). Postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurred in 10 (7%) patients at 3 months and 10 (7%) patients at 12 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in prevalence of postoperative SUI between groups of TOT only and TOT combined with pelvic surgery. Preoperative urodynamic results demonstrated that TOT only (n = 96) had a higher maximal flow rate and a lower residual urine amount when compared to TOT combined with pelvic surgery (n = 47). A significant decrease in maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was found in 119 patients who received postoperative urodynamic examination. In comparison with preoperative urodynamic data, postoperative urodynamic results showed a significant decrease in MUCP in the TOT combined with prolapse surgery group, but no significant urodynamic changes in the group of TOT only.ConclusionBoth TOT and TOT combined with prolapse surgery can be effective in correcting SUI in patients with USI 12 months postoperatively, with significant changes in MUCP.
Superselective microcoil embolization of the vasa recta of sigmoid artery for hemorrhaging after laparoscopic adnexectomy for corpus luteum hematoma with severe adhesion
Authors: Iyoshi Shohei , Koike Wataru , Takeda Akihiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 44‐year‐old multipara woman was referred because of the sudden onset of left lower abdominal pain. Corpus luteum hematoma was suspected and conservatively managed. Two days later, due to worsening of abdominal symptoms, emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed. Severe pelvic adhesion around the left ovary forming corpus luteum hematoma was identified. After adhesiolysis, which was complicated by massive bleeding, left adnexectomy was performed. Hemostasis was achieved by the coagulation of bleeding vessels, followed by spraying fibrin glue with the placement of oxidized cellulose cotton for bleeding oozing from dissected surface. Two hours after surgery, emergency computed tomography performed due to the development of hemodynamic instability demonstrated extravasation from the versa recta of the sigmoid artery. After the confirmation of hemorrhaging, superselective catheterization to the bleeding vessel followed by embolization by platinum microcoils were performed. Hemodynamic stability was immediately achieved, and the postoperative course was uneventful without manifestation of bowel ischemia.
Calcium transport across the basolateral membrane of isolated Malpighian tubules: a survey of several insect orders
Authors: Browne Austin , O'Donnell Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Malpighian tubules play a major role in haemolymph calcium homeostasis in insects by sequestering excess Ca2+within the biomineralized granules that often accumulate in the tubule cells and/or lumen. Using the scanning ion‐selective microelectrode technique, measurements of basolateral Ca2+transport are determined at several sites along the length of the Malpighian tubules isolated from the eight insects representing seven orders:Drosophila melanogaster(Diptera),Aedes aegypti(Diptera),Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera),Acheta domesticus(Orthoptera),Trichoplusia ni(Lepidoptera),Periplaneta americana(Blattodea),Halyomorpha halys(Hemiptera) andPogonomyrmex occidentalis(Hymenoptera). Ca2+transport is specific to tubule segments containing Ca‐rich granules inD. melanogasterandA. aegypti, whereas Ca2+transport is relatively uniform along the length of whole tubules in the remaining species. Generally, manipulation of second messenger pathways using cAMP and thapsigargin has little effect on rates of basolateral Ca2+transport, suggesting that previous effects observed across midtubules ofA. domesticusare unique to this species. In addition, the present study is the first to provide measurements of basolateral Ca2+across single principal and secondary tubule cells, where Ca2+uptake occurs only across principal cells. Estimated times for all tubules to eliminate the entire haemolymph Ca2+content in each insect range from 6 min (D. melanogaster) to 19 h (H. halys) or more, indicating that rates of Ca2+uptake by the Malpighian tubules are not always rapid. The results of the present study suggest that the principal cells of the Malpighian tubules contribute to haemolymph calcium homeostasis by sequestering excess Ca2+, often within specific tubule segments.
Growth stage‐dependent resistance to the potyviruses lettuce Italian necrotic virus and Lettuce mosaic virus displayed by Lactuca sativa introgression lines carrying the Mo3 locus from L. virosa
Authors: Maisonneuve B. , Pitrat M. , Gognalons P. , Moury B. 
Published: June 2018

The single dominant gene Mo3 from accession PIVT1398 of Lactuca virosa was shown previously to confer resistance to all tested isolates of Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV; genus Potyvirus), including mo1‐resistance‐breaking isolates. Because accession PIVT1398 is also resistant to the recently described potyvirus lettuce Italian necrotic virus (LINV), this study checked whether the Mo3 resistance locus could be involved in resistance to LINV. Introgression lines of Mo3 into two different L. sativa genetic backgrounds (Girelle and Mantilia) were resistant to isolates LMV‐9, LMV‐13 and LINV‐Fr (a French isolate of LINV), whereas Girelle and Mantilia were susceptible to these virus isolates. The resistance reaction in inoculated leaves of the introgression lines varied from absence of symptoms and absence of virus detection for LMV‐9, to hypersensitive‐like necrotic lesions and low virus titres for LINV‐Fr and large necrotic lesions and relatively abundant virus detection for LMV‐13. At the systemic level, the resistance phenotype was growth stage‐dependent for LINV‐Fr and LMV‐13. Inoculation of ≥28‐days‐old plants led to absence of symptoms and no virus with the three tested potyvirus isolates in almost all plants. Inoculation of younger plants (≤22‐days‐old) led to chlorotic/necrotic lesions on some apical leaves with low virus titre in a varying proportion of plants with LINV‐Fr and on all plants with efficient virus detection with LMV‐13. These results show that the Mo3 gene, or a tightly linked locus, in L. virosa PIVT1398 controls resistance to LINV in addition to LMV and could be used to breed L. sativa cultivars with broad‐spectrum potyvirus resistance.
Developmental competence of eggs produced by rainbow trout Doubled Haploids (DHs) and generation of the clonal lines
Authors: Jagiełło Krzysztof , Dobosz Stefan , Zalewski Tomasz , Polonis Marcin , Ocalewicz Konrad 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoor quality eggs produced by the fully homozygous doubled haploids (DHs) may impair generation of clonal lines in fish species. In the present research, gynogenetic development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was induced in eggs originated from the DH females. Eggs were activated with the UV‐irradiated grayling (Thymallus thymallus) spermatozoa and subjected to the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock to provide diploid clonal individuals. Only two of four DH females produced eggs that were successfully activated by the irradiated spermatozoa and subsequently developed into the gynogenetic embryos. Survival rates of rainbow trout from the clonal lines equalled 21.5% and 19.8% during embryogenesis and decreased after hatching to 18.6% and 14.9%, respectively. Some of the dead rainbow trout clones collected between hatching and swim‐up stage were emaciated and exhibited spinal deformities including scoliosis. Provided results confirmed limited developmental competences of eggs produced by rainbow trout DH females. Clonal rainbow trout developing in such eggs exhibited reduced survival and increased frequency of the body abnormalities.
An Anti–CLL-1 Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zheng Bing , Yu Shang-Fan , del Rosario Geoffrey , Leong Steven R. , Lee Genee Y. , Vij Rajesh , Chiu Cecilia , Liang Wei-Ching , Wu Yan , Chalouni Cecile , Sadowsky Jack , Clark Vanessa , Hendricks Angela , Poon Kirsten Achilles , Chu Wayne , Pillow Thomas , Schutten Melissa M. , Flygare John , Polson Andrew G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not significantly changed in 40 years. Cytarabine- and anthracycline-based chemotherapy induction regimens (7 + 3) remain the standard of care, and most patients have poor long-term survival. The reapproval of Mylotarg, an anti-CD33–calicheamicin antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), has demonstrated ADCs as a clinically validated option to enhance the effectiveness of induction therapy. We are interested in developing a next-generation ADC for AML to improve upon the initial success of Mylotarg.

Experimental Design:
The expression pattern of CLL-1 and its hematopoietic potential were investigated. A novel anti–CLL-1-ADC, with a highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer conjugated through a self-immolative disulfide linker, was developed. The efficacy and safety profiles of this ADC were evaluated in mouse xenograft models and in cynomolgus monkeys.

Results:
We demonstrate that CLL-1 shares similar prevalence and trafficking properties that make CD33 an excellent ADC target for AML, but lacks expression on hematopoietic stem cells that hampers current CD33-targeted ADCs. Our anti–CLL-1-ADC is highly effective at depleting tumor cells in AML xenograft models and lacks target independent toxicities at doses that depleted target monocytes and neutrophils in cynomolgus monkeys.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our data suggest that an anti–CLL-1-ADC has the potential to become an effective and safer treatment for AML in humans, by reducing and allowing for faster recovery from initial cytopenias than the current generation of ADCs for AML.
Testicular Function and Bone in Young Men with Severe Childhood-Onset Obesity
Authors: Laakso Saila , Viljakainen Heli , Lipsanen-Nyman Marita , Turpeinen Ursula , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Anand-Ivell Ravinder , Ivell Richard , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies suggest increased risk for hypoandrogenism and fractures in men with obesity. We aimed to describe the effects of severe childhood-onset obesity on the cross talk between metabolic state, testes, and skeleton at late puberty. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cohort of adolescent and young adult males with severe childhood-onset obesity (<i>n</i> = 21, mean age 18.5 years) and an age-matched control group were assessed for testicular hormones and X-ray absorptiometry-derived bone mass. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Current median body mass indexes for the obese and control subjects were 37.4 and 22.9. Severe early-onset obesity manifested with lower free testosterone (median [interquartile range] 244 [194–332] vs. 403 [293–463] pmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Lower insulin-like 3 (1.02 [0.82–1.23] vs. 1.22 [1.01–1.46] ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.045) and lower ratio of testosterone to luteinizing hormone (2.81 [1.96–3.98] vs. 4.10 [3.03–5.83] nmol/IU, <i>p</i> = 0.008) suggested disrupted Leydig cell function. The degree of current obesity inversely correlated with free testosterone (τ = –0.516, <i>p</i> = 0.003), which in turn correlated positively with bone area at all measurement sites in males with childhood-onset obesity. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Severe childhood-onset obesity is associated with impaired Leydig cell function in young men and lower free testosterone may contribute to impaired skeletal characteristics.
Dissociated Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production in the Post–Cardiac Arrest Rat: A Novel Metabolic Phenotype
Authors: Shinozaki Koichiro , Becker Lance B. , Saeki Kota , Kim Junhwan , Yin Tai , Da Tong , Lampe Joshua W. 
Published: June 2018

Background

The concept that resuscitation from cardiac arrest (
CA
) results in a metabolic injury is broadly accepted, yet patients never receive this diagnosis. We sought to find evidence of metabolic injuries after
CA
by measuring O
2
consumption and CO
2
production (
VCO
2
) in a rodent model. In addition, we tested the effect of inspired 100% O
2
on the metabolism.

Methods and Results

Rats were anesthetized and randomized into 3 groups: resuscitation from 10‐minute asphyxia with inhaled 100% O
2
(CA–fraction of inspired O
2
[FIO
2
] 1.0), with 30% O
2
(
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3), and sham with 30% O
2
(sham‐
FIO
2
0.3). Animals were resuscitated with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The volume of extracted O
2
(
VO
2
) and
VCO
2
were measured for a 2‐hour period after resuscitation. The respiratory quotient (
RQ
) was
RQ
=
VCO
2
/
VO
2
.
VCO
2
was elevated in
CA
‐
FIO
2
1.0 and
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3 when compared with sham‐
FIO
2
0.3 in minutes 5 to 40 after resuscitation (
CA
‐
FIO
2
1.0: 16.7±2.2,
P
<0.01;
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3: 17.4±1.4,
P
<0.01; versus sham‐
FIO
2
0.3: 13.6±1.1 mL/kg per minute), and then returned to normal.
VO
2
in
CA
‐
FIO
2
1.0 and
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3 increased gradually and was significantly higher than sham‐
FIO
2
0.3 2 hours after resuscitation (
CA
‐
FIO
2
1.0: 28.7±6.7,
P
<0.01;
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3: 24.4±2.3,
P
<0.01; versus sham‐
FIO
2
0.3: 15.8±2.4 mL/kg per minute). The
RQ
of
CA
animals persistently decreased (
CA
‐
FIO
2
1.0: 0.54±0.12 versus
CA
‐
FIO
2
0.3: 0.68±0.05 versus sham‐
FIO
2
0.3: 0.93±0.11,
P
<0.01 overall).

Conclusions

CA
altered cellular metabolism resulting in increased
VO
2
with normal
VCO
2
. Normal
VCO
2
suggests that the postresuscitation Krebs cycle is operating at a presumably healthy rate. Increased
VO
2
in the face of normal
VCO
2
suggests a significant alteration in O
2
utilization in postresuscitation. Several
RQ
values fell well outside the normally cited range of 0.7 to 1.0. Higher
FIO
2
may increase
VO
2
, leading to even lower
RQ
values.
The Serbian version of the Syntagma of Blastares, the Lex Romana Serborum
Authors: Angelini Paolo 
Published: June 2018

Summary
The Serbian version of the Syntagma of Blastares was included in the tripartite codification enacted by the emperor Stephan Dušan in 1349. After the translation from Latin into Greek (6th century), and then from Greek into Serbian (14th century), Justinian’s legislation again obtained the force of law. Through the Byzantine version, Roman law was transplanted and adopted in the new born Serbian-Greek Empire. The Serbian version of the Syntagma of Blastares must be considered as a sort of Lex Romana Serborum, because in some cases the Roman law was literally translated, while in others it was epitomised. However, its contents were always in conformity with Justinianic law.
The influence of oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass on the incidence of delirium in CABG patients; a retrospective study
Authors: Leenders Jori , Overdevest Ed , van Straten Bart , Golab Hanna 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is the most common neurological complication of cardiac surgery. Hypoxia has been shown to increase the risk of postoperative delirium. The possibility to continuously monitor oxygen delivery (DO2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) offers an adequate approximation of the oxygen status in a patient. This study investigates the role of oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass in the incidence of postoperative delirium. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven adult patients who underwent normothermic coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were included in this retrospective study. The nadir indexed DO2 (DO2i) value on bypass, the total time under the critical DO2i level and the area under the curve (AUC) for critical DO2i were determined. Delirium was identified by the postoperative administration of haloperidol. Results: The mean nadir DO2i significantly differed, comparing the group of patients with postoperative delirium to the group without. Multivariate analysis only identified age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, preoperative kidney dysfunction and cross-clamp time as independent risk factors for delirium. The results also indicated that patients of older age were more sensitive to a declined DO2i. Conclusion: A low DO2i during cardiopulmonary bypass is significantly associated with the incidence of postoperative delirium in CABG patients. However, the role of DO2 as an independent predictor of delirium could not be proven.