bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust electromagnet design for pulse forming application
Authors: Dond Shantaram , Choudhary Hitesh , Kolge Tanmay , Sharma Archana , Dey G.K. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
An electromagnet that can produce strong pulsed magnetic fields at kHz frequencies is potentially very favourable to exert a Lorentz force on the metallic workpiece. One of the applications of the pulsed magnetic field is the electromagnetic forming where the design of robust electromagnet is critical. The purpose of this paper is to design a robust electromagnet (coil) for high velocity electromagnetic tube forming operation.

Design/methodology/approach
First of all, an analytical model is developed to design the electromagnet and predict the aluminium tube velocity under the action of the estimated pulsed magnetic field. Next, the finite element-based numerical model is used to test the robustness of the designed coil and validate the analytical model. The coil is fabricated and implemented for free forming of aluminium tube. Experimental results of tube displacement are further compared with numerical and analytical model results.

Findings
The experimental tube displacement results are showing a good match with analytical and numerical results. The designed electromagnet has generated a peak magnetic field around 14 T at 20 µs rise time and deformed the aluminium tube with a peak velocity of 160 m/s. Robustness of the electromagnet under the action of forming stress is insured by numerical stress analysis and experiments.

Practical implications
Though the designed model in this work is for the 2.4 mm aluminium tube forming, it can also be used for different tube materials, tube dimensions and other electromagnetic forming applications with some modifications.

Originality/value
The research results provide powerful theoretical, numerical simulation and experimental support for the robust electromagnet design.
Selective laser sintered mould for orbital cavity reconstruction
Authors: Mandolini Marco , Brunzini Agnese , Germani Michele , Manieri Steve , Mazzoli Alida , Pagnoni Mario 
Published: January 2019

PurposeOrbital fractures are the most commonly encountered midfacial fractures, and usually, the fracture involves the floor and/or the medial wall of the orbit. This paper aims to present an innovative approach for primary and secondary reconstructions of fractured orbital walls through the use of computer-assisted techniques and additive manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachFirst, through the 3D anatomical modelling, the geometry of the implant is shaped to fill the orbital defect and recover the facial symmetry. Subsequently, starting from the modelled implant, a customised mould is designed taking into account medical and technological requirements.FindingsThe selective laser sintered mould is able to model and form several kind of prosthetic materials (e.g. titanium meshes and demineralised bone tissue), resulting in customised implants and allowing accurate orbital cavity reconstructions. The case study proved that this procedure, at the same time, reduces the morbidity on the patients, the duration of surgery and the related costs.Originality/valueThis innovative approach has great potential, as it is an easy and in-office procedure, and it offers several advantages over other existing methods.
Supported Loving – developing a national network to support positive intimate relationships for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bates Claire 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the work of the Supported Loving Network from its origin in academic research to the practical development of a national Network supporting relationships for people with learning disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the need for the Network is established through a review of the research literature. The paper goes on to critically discuss the Network’s progress to date including its limitations and difficulties encountered, concluding by considering plans for future growth and development.

Findings
There is evidence that having a national Network is helpful in supporting intimate relationships for people with learning disabilities. The Network is having a positive impact on professionals who support people with learning disabilities by providing a space for discussion, inspiration and to share positive practice. However, an increase in resources would enable Supported Loving to have a wider reach and possibly a greater influence on organisations that provide social care to adults with learning disabilities.

Originality/value
The research indicates that people with learning disabilities are still less likely to have a loving relationship. The level of interest and engagement with Supported Loving implies that the Network is of value to people with learning disabilities and the professionals who work with them.
Diversity and distribution of the bmp gene cluster and its Polybrominated products in the genus Pseudoalteromonas
Authors: Busch Julia , Agarwal Vinayak , Schorn Michelle , Machado Henrique , Moore Bradley S. , Rouse Greg W. , Gram Lone , Jensen Paul R. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe production of pentabromopseudilin and related brominated compounds by Pseudoalteromonas spp. has recently been linked to the bmp biosynthetic gene cluster. This study explored the distribution and evolutionary history of this gene cluster in the genus Pseudoalteromonas. A phylogeny of the genus revealed numerous clades that do not contain type strains, suggesting considerable species level diversity has yet to be described. Comparative genomics revealed four distinct versions of the gene cluster distributed among 19 of the 101 Pseudoalteromonas genomes examined. These were largely localized to the least inclusive clades containing the Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea and Pseudoalteromonas phenolica type strains and show clear evidence of gene and gene cluster loss in certain lineages. Bmp gene phylogeny is largely congruent with the Pseudoalteromonas species phylogeny, suggesting vertical inheritance within the genus. However, the gene cluster is found in three different genomic environments suggesting either chromosomal rearrangement or multiple acquisition events. Bmp conservation within certain lineages suggests the encoded products are highly relevant to the ecology of these bacteria.
Transition Pathways to Sustainable Agricultural Water Management: A Review of Integrated Modeling Approaches
Authors: Haacker Erin M.K. , Sharda Vaishali , Cano Amanda M. , Hrozencik R. Aaron , Núñez Agustín , Zambreski Zachary , Nozari Soheil , Smith Garvey Engulu B. , Moore Lacey , Sharma Sumit , Gowda Prasanna , Ray Chittaranjan , Schipanski Meagan , Waskom Reagan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAgricultural water management (AWM) is an interdisciplinary concern, cutting across traditional domains such as agronomy, climatology, geology, economics, and sociology. Each of these disciplines has developed numerous process‐based and empirical models for AWM. However, models that simulate all major hydrologic, water quality, and crop growth processes in agricultural systems are still lacking. As computers become more powerful, more researchers are choosing to integrate existing models to account for these major processes rather than building new cross‐disciplinary models. Model integration carries the hope that, as in a real system, the sum of the model will be greater than the parts. However, models based upon simplified and unrealistic assumptions of physical or empirical processes can generate misleading results which are not useful for informing policy. In this article, we use literature and case studies from the High Plains Aquifer and Southeastern United States regions to elucidate the challenges and opportunities associated with integrated modeling for AWM and recommend conditions in which to use integrated models. Additionally, we examine the potential contributions of integrated modeling to AWM — the actual practice of conserving water while maximizing productivity. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Outcome and safety of targeted liver biopsies for indeterminate lesions in patients with chronic liver disease: A single centre experience
Authors: Chen Xiao , Kutaiba Numan , Ngo Brian , Goodwin Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the histopathological and safety outcomes of indeterminate lesions in patients at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent ultrasound‐guided biopsies.MethodsUltrasound‐guided targeted liver biopsies for indeterminate lesions performed in a 10‐year period at our institution were reviewed retrospectively for lesion characteristics, biopsy techniques, histopathological results and post procedural complications.ResultsA total of 172 biopsies were performed in 152 patients. Most common background liver disease included hepatitis C, hepatitis B, alcoholic and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. 65.1% had known cirrhosis at time of biopsy. HCC was the most common histopathological finding accounting for 55.8% of all biopsies, followed by cholangiocarcinoma, dysplastic nodule and metastasis. Rarer lesions including lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumour and angiomyolipoma were also encountered. No mortality, clinically significant bleeding or tumour seeding was detected.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided liver biopsies of indeterminate lesions in patients at high risk of HCC yield important histopathological findings, important for management options including the provision of curative treatments and assisting future novel therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies. The low complication rates confirm its safety and the procedure should not be avoided for fear of complications.
Predictive value of non‐consumption outcome measures in alcohol use disorder treatment
Authors: Kirouac Megan , Witkiewitz Katie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsFor decades, researchers have called for the systematic inclusion of non‐consumption outcomes, such as alcohol‐related consequences and temptation/craving, in addition to consumption outcomes (e.g. percentage of days abstinent) to evaluate alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment efficacy. However, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for alcohol medications development suggest that non‐consumption outcomes may be insensitive to changes that occur within AUD treatment trial assessment windows, although this has never been directly tested. We aimed to measure the predictive value of diagnostically related, non‐consumption measures of AUD treatment effects.MethodsPre‐ to post‐treatment effect sizes were examined. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the predictive value of non‐consumption outcome measures that were administered in the COMBINE (Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence) Study and Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatment to Client Heterogeneity) in detecting 12‐month outcomes following treatment.ResultsPre‐ to post‐treatment effect sizes suggested that non‐consumption measures changed during the course of treatment; effect sizes for temptation/craving, self‐efficacy, consequences and consumption variables were mostly medium to large (medium effect sizes were 0.2 < dz < 0.8, large effect sizes were dz > 0.8). The regression results indicated temptation/craving and self‐efficacy predicted 12‐month drinking outcomes in COMBINE and MATCH, and drinking consequences predicted 12‐month drinking outcomes in COMBINE.ConclusionsSelf‐report measures of temptation and alcohol craving can change as a result of alcohol dependence treatment and can predict drinking outcomes.
The prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR: A novel marker of adverse cardiac outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ekizler Firdevs Aysenur , Cay Serkan , Kafes Habibe , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Topaloglu Serkan , Temizhan Ahmet , Aras Dursun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. Clinical courses of PPCM are markedly heterogeneous. Positive T waves in lead aVR (TaVR) are shown to be associated with adverse cardiac events in several cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic role of positive TaVR in patients with PPCM.MethodsA total of 82 patients (mean age 29.1 ± 6.3 years) with the diagnosis of PPCM were enrolled. Presentation electrocardiogram (ECG) was investigated for presence of a positive TaVR. The median follow‐up duration was 67.0 months. The primary endpoint was defined as composite cardiac events, including cardiac death, arrhythmic events, or persistent left ventricular systolic dysfunction.ResultsPatients with positive T wave in lead aVR showed higher rates for persistent left ventricular systolic dysfunction, arrhythmic events, and cardiac death compared to patients without it. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for other confounding factors, the presence of positive TaVR was found to be as an independent and strong predictor of primary composite endpoint (odds ratio 6.21, 95% CI 1.45–26.51; p = 0.014). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, both primary and secondary endpoints occurred more frequently in the positive TaVR group. Using the cut‐off level of 0.25 mV, T‐wave amplitude in lead aVR predicted primary endpoint with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%.ConclusionPositive T wave in lead aVR, as a simple and feasible electrocardiographic marker, seems to be a novel predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PPCM.
Effect of cinnamon essential oil on the microbiological and physiochemical characters of fresh Italian style sausage during storage
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Huhu , Li Xuan , Sun Yangying , Pan Daodong , Wang Ying , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn order to study the effect of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the microbiological and physiochemical characters of fresh Italian style sausage, CEO (0%, 0.1%, and 0.5%, v/w) was added into ground meat, cased, and stored at 4°C. Lipid oxidation, instrument color, total viable aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae, biogenic amines, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) were investigated during 10 days (day). Results showed that CEO treatments had lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), b* value, aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae counts, biogenic amine contents, and TVB‐N and higher a* values at 4, 6, 8, and 10 days compared to the control, whereas 0.5% CEO treatment had better effect than 0.1% CEO. CEO improved color shelf‐life by inhibiting lipid oxidation and prevented the increase in biogenic amines and TVB‐N by reducing microbial counts of fresh sausage during storage. This study suggested that CEO could be applied in the food industry to improve the shelf‐life of meat products.
Use of the IDEAL framework in the urological literature: where are we in 2018?
Authors: Tradewell Michael B. , Albersheim Jacob , Dahm Philipp 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo assess uptake and application of the IDEAL principles in original surgical procedure‐ or device‐related clinical research studies, as well as its reported relevance as characterized by secondary publications, editorials and reviews.Materials and MethodsIDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long‐term study) is a framework that provides stage‐specific guidance for surgical innovation and represented a major advance towards raising evidential standards. We performed a comprehensive literature search of all urology‐related publications citing one or more of seven key publications on IDEAL in The Lancet and BMJ using multiple databases up to 31 December 2017.ResultsWe identified a total of 150 urology‐related manuscripts citing IDEAL, of which 83 (55.3%) were original research and 67 (44.7%) were secondary publications. Among the original research articles, 40 (48.2%) did not explicitly apply IDEAL principles or were not surgical innovation studies. The IDEAL phases of the 43 (51.8%) remaining original research studies were IDEAL, in nine (20.9%), 27 (62.8%), four (9.3%), 0 (0%), and three publications (7.0%), respectively. Across IDEAL stages, 30 (75.0%) studies were prospective, 29 (85.3%) reported ethical oversight, and 39 (90.7%) captured treatment‐related harms. None of the studies collected information on physician experience.ConclusionsThe IDEAL framework has found widespread adoption in the urology literature as witnessed by a large number of original manuscripts and secondary publications citing IDEAL; however, its application is largely limited to the early stages of surgical innovation, frequently with inappropriate and incomplete implementation. Further efforts are needed to guide investigators in the optimal use of the IDEAL framework as it relates to surgical innovation in urology.
Feasibility of robot‐assisted prostatectomy performed at ultra‐low pneumoperitoneum pressure of 6 mmHg and comparison of clinical outcomes vs standard pressure of 15 mmHg
Authors: Ferroni Matthew C. , Abaza Ronney 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of performing robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at an ultra‐low pressure of 6 mmHg and to assess the potential impact on its clinical outcomes, as compared to those of a historical cohort of patients in which RALP was performed at a pressure of 15 mmHg.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated 600 consecutive RALP procedures, performed by a single surgeon, including 300 procedures performed at 6 mmHg and the previous 300 performed at 15 mmHg. We compared preoperative patient characteristics and outcomes including pain scores, morphine equivalents, length of stay (LOS) and complications. After implementing the adjustment to 6 mmHg, we began allowing same‐day discharge in patients meeting established criteria.ResultsAll 300 consecutive RALP procedures were completed at 6 mmHg with no pressure adjustments for the entirety of the case. There were no significant differences in patient or pathological features between groups. Body mass index was 19.5–44.3 kg/m2 in the 6 mmHg group. The mean operating time was 10.5‐min longer and mean estimated blood loss 20‐mL higher at 6 mmHg, with no blood transfusions in either group. The mean LOS was shorter in the 6‐mmHg group (0.57 vs 1.00 days; P < 0.001), with 43.3% of patients in the 6‐mmHg group discharged home the day of surgery. There were no differences in morphine equivalents or maximum pain scores in the first 4 h after surgery, but there was a small improvement (18%) in pain scores at 5–12 h postoperatively (3.2 vs 3.9; P < 0.001). The 30‐day complication rate was 8.7% vs 4.0%, with 30‐day hospital readmissions of 5.7% vs 1.0% for the 15 vs 6 mmHg groups.ConclusionRobot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy at a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 6 mmHg was uniformly feasible without increasing complications. Ultra‐low pneumoperitoneum may confer a pain benefit, which may contribute to safe same‐day discharge.
Habitat amount hypothesis and passive sampling explain mammal species composition in Amazonian river islands
Authors: Rabelo Rafael M. , Aragón Susan , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César , Nelson Bruce W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNested structures of species assemblages have been frequently associated with patch size and isolation, leading to the conclusion that colonization–extinction dynamics drives nestedness. The ‘passive sampling’ model states that the regional abundance of species randomly determines their occurrence in patches. The ‘habitat amount hypothesis’ also challenges patch size and isolation effects, arguing that they occur because of a ‘sample area effect’. Here, we (a) ask whether the structure of the mammal assemblages of fluvial islands shows a nested pattern, (b) test whether species’ regional abundance predicts species’ occurrence on islands, and (c) ask whether habitat amount in the landscape and matrix resistance to biological flow predict the islands’ species composition. We quantified nestedness and tested its significance using null models. We used a regression model to analyze whether a species’ relative regional abundance predicts its incidence on islands. We accessed islands’ species composition by an NMDS ordination and used multiple regression to evaluate how species composition responds to habitat amount and matrix resistance. The degree of nestedness did not differ from that expected by the passive sampling hypothesis. Likewise, species’ regional abundance predicted its occurrence on islands. Habitat amount successfully predicted the species composition on islands, whereas matrix resistance did not. We suggest the application of habitat amount hypothesis for predicting species composition in other patchy systems. Although the island biogeography perspective has dominated the literature, we suggest that the passive sampling perspective is more appropriate for explaining the assemblages’ structure in this and other non‐equilibrium patch systems.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Semaphorin 4A as a biomarker of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Okuno Tatsusada , Ishikura Teruyuki , Kinoshita Makoto , Nakatsuji Yuji , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSelecting appropriate treatment from the early stage of the disease is important for a better prognosis for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although various disease‐modifying drugs have been approved for MS, there is no appropriate biomarker to predict treatment responsiveness. We have recently identified serum semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) as a biomarker for predicting the treatment efficacy of interferon‐β therapy. One‐third of patients with MS show high serum Sema4A levels. These patients tend to have a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and possess immune characteristics of Th17‐skewing condition. Interestingly, these patients do not respond effectively to interferon‐β therapy. However, retrospective analysis of our MS cohort showed that those with high serum Sema4A levels show a favorable response to fingolimod (FTY) therapy. Efficacy of FTY was observed even in patients who later switched to FTY due to recurrent attacks under interferon‐β therapy. Our observations suggest that FTY could be a better candidate for managing the disease activity of MS patients with high Sema4A levels. Considering the fact that the efficacy of other various disease‐modifying drugs still remains elusive among MS patients with varying Sema4A profile, further investigation is required to clarify the role of serum Sema4A as a biomarker in making an appropriate decision regarding various disease‐modifying drug choices. For patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, we found that a certain proportion of patients show high levels of serum Sema4A. In the present review, we discuss the current advances in the field of MS research focusing on the role of Sema4A, and further present the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with high Sema4A levels.