bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the impact of a social media–focused intervention on reducing mental health stigma among pharmacy students
Authors: Douglass Mark , Moy Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Stigma may negatively affect the treatment of people with mental illness, and pharmacists have the opportunity to play a key role in reducing mental health stigma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a pharmacy student–focused educational intervention impacts stigma toward people with mental illness.

Methods
A 90-minute interactive learning module, which used social media and fictional case scenarios, was developed and administered to third-year pharmacy students (n = 145) during small group class sessions. The Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), a validated tool to measure stigma, was administered immediately before and after the intervention. Pre-post OMS-HC scores were analyzed using related samples t tests.

Results
A total of 93 presurvey and postsurvey OMS-HC scores were paired and analyzed. Based on the 15-item version of the scale, stigma was significantly reduced, consistent with a score reduction of 4.6%, from 36.8 (95% confidence interval, 35.4-38.1) to 35.1 (95% confidence interval, 33.8-36.3), P &lt; .0001.

Discussion
Educational interventions for pharmacy students that use social media applications might reduce mental health stigma. After the intervention, most participants believed that stigma impacts the treatment of mental illness, and that pharmacists may play a role in changing mental health stigma.
Donepezil-induced QTc prolongation: A case report
Authors: Vogel Samantha M. , Mican Lisa M. , Smith Tawny L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Several psychoactive medications are known to cause QTc prolongation. Patient factors also increase the risk for QTc prolongation, including bradycardia, female sex, older age, metabolic abnormalities, and polypharmacy. Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, prolongs the QTc interval through a multimodal mechanism.

Patient History
A 26-year-old African American female was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric hospital following a suicide attempt that was not an overdose. Past medical history was significant for major depression, traumatic brain injury, seizures, hemiplegia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and tachycardia. Two baseline electrocardiograms (EKGs) were obtained showing normal QTc intervals. After several weeks, donepezil (5 mg by mouth once daily) was initiated for cognitive rehabilitation and titrated over 3 weeks to a dose of 20 mg. An EKG performed after the last dose change showed a prolonged QTc of 463 ms. Another follow-up EKG performed 9 days later showed further prolongation to 528 ms. Laboratory values were within normal limits during her hospital stay. Donepezil was discontinued completely, leading to normalization of the QTc interval.

Discussion
QTc prolongation and torsades de pointes have been identified in postmarketing case reports of donepezil. Instances of QTc prolongation have predominantly been documented in the geriatric population, primarily in those with additional risk factors. Additionally, current literature does not support the use of donepezil for neurocognitive rehabilitation in daily doses exceeding 10 mg. A temporal and causal relationship was observed between the initiation and titration of donepezil and development of QTc prolongation.
Flubromazolam overdose: A review of a new designer benzodiazepine and the role of flumazenil
Authors: Bohnenberger Kristin , Liu Mei T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Designer products, a term referring to analogs of known chemical compounds with no established medical use, represent an easily accessible alternative to prescription-only products. During the past decade, designer benzodiazepines have become widely available on the online forums. Although these agents offer individuals an inexpensive and accessible alternative to prescription-only products, they are not without risk. Because of the lack of federally enforced quality standards, these designer products come with an intrinsic risk of unpredictable and potentially toxic adverse effects. This article presents a 36-year-old male with prolonged bradycardia resulting from the use of flubromazolam, a designer benzodiazepine purchased from the Internet. A PubMed search was conducted for flubromazolam, designer benzodiazepine, and flumazenil. This article will summarize the available literature regarding flubromazolam and the role of flumazenil in managing these overdoses.
Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Adler Andy , Boyle Alistair 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique that uses electrical stimulations and measurements at body‐surface electrodes. From these data, images of the distribution of conductivity within the body are calculated by solving an inverse problem. EIT has the advantage of producing high temporal resolution data, while being relatively low cost, noninvasive, small, and not using ionizing radiation. On the other hand, EIT has disadvantages in providing low spatial resolution and being sensitive to changes at the electrodes. EIT is currently being used clinically for monitoring of ventilated patients and is also being actively researched for applications such as cardiovascular flows and pressures, brain and nervous activity, cancer screening, and monitoring of gastrointestinal flows. EIT is similar to the electrical resistance tomography used in geophysical and process monitoring. This article reviews EIT from the point of view of its applications as well as image generation and interpretation.
Power Amplifier Supply Modulators
Authors: Wolff Nikolai , Bengtsson Olof 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRF power amplifiers (PAs) are used in mobile communication networks for the amplification of the modulated RF signals. Linear RF PAs suffer from severe efficiency degradation if the output power is reduced and the PA is operated at power back‐off.Dynamic control of the RF PA supply voltage, that is, supply modulation, is an effective method to increase the PA efficiency at reduced output power. The variable supply voltage is generated by the so‐called supply modulator. Designing of such modulators is a challenging task since a large bandwidth in combination with high output power is required. Several topologies for supply modulators have been developed in the past and intensively optimized. This article gives an overview of the available topologies, the challenges with each topology, and the performance of the systems.
Manipulation of Conductive Domain Walls in Confined Ferroelectric Nanoislands
Authors: Tian Guo , Yang Wenda , Song Xiao , Zheng Dongfeng , Zhang Luyong , Chen Chao , Li Peilian , Fan Hua , Yao Junxiang , Chen Deyang , Fan Zhen , Hou Zhipeng , Zhang Zhang , Wu Sujuan , Zeng Min , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConductive ferroelectric domain walls—ultranarrow configurable conduction paths—have been considered as essential building blocks for future programmable domain wall electronics. For applications in high‐density devices, it is imperative to explore the conductive domain walls in small confined systems, while earlier investigations have hitherto focused on thin films or bulk single. Here, an observation and manipulation of conductive domain walls confined within small BiFeO3 nanoislands aligned in high‐density arrays are demonstrated. Using conductive atomic force microscopy, various types of conductive domain walls, including the head‐to‐head charged domain walls (CDWs), zigzag domain walls, and typical 71° head‐to‐tail neutral domain walls (NDWs), are distinctly visualized. The CDWs exhibit remarkably enhanced metallic conductivity with current of ≈nA order in magnitude and 104 times larger than that inside domains (0.01–0.1 pA), while the semiconducting NDWs allow much smaller current (≈10 pA) than the CDWs. The substantial difference in conductivity for dissimilar walls enables manipulations of various wall conduction states for individual addressable nanoislands via electrical tuning of domain structures. A controllable writing of four distinctive states in individual nanoislands can be achieved, showing application potentials for developing multilevel high‐density memories.
Deterministic Switching of Ferroelectric Bubble Nanodomains
Authors: Zhang Qi , Prokhorenko Sergei , Nahas Yousra , Xie Lin , Bellaiche Laurent , Gruverman Alexei , Valanoor Nagarajan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, the deterministic and reversible transformation of nanoscale ferroelectric bubbles into cylindrical domains using a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) approach is demonstrated. The bubble domains—sub‐10 nm spheroid topological structures with rotational polarization—can be erased by applying a mechanical force via the SPM tip. Application of an electrical pulse with a specific combination of amplitude and duration can recreate the bubble domain state. This combination of mechanical and electrical passes is essential for realization of reversible transformation as application of only electrical pulses results in complete erasure of the bubble domain state. Effective Hamiltonian‐based simulations reproduce phase sequences for both the mechanical and electric passes and confirm the intrinsic nature of these transitions. This simple and effective pathway for switching between various topological defect states may be exploited for emergent devices.
Photosensitive Hydrogel Creates Favorable Biologic Niches to Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Cai Zhengwei , Gan Yibo , Bao Chunyan , Wu Wanjiang , Wang Xuebin , Zhang Zetong , Zhou Qiang , Lin Qiuning , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotochemistry is considered to be a promising strategy for hydrogels to mimic the complex and dynamic properties of natural extracellular matrix. However, it is seldom applied in 3D tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the attenuation of light. In this study, phenyl azide photchemistry and optical fiber technology are first used to localize adhesive protein on the inner surface of the nerve guidance conduit in a 3D hydrogel scaffold. In vitro coculture assay of neural stem cells (NSCs) shows that photoimmobilization of collagen significantly improves the adhesion and survival of NSCs in the conduit, and exhibits synergistic effect with the sustainable release of growth factor. After implantation in transected spinal cord, the optimized hydrogel scaffold is found to improve the locomotion recovery of rats 12 weeks after spinal cord injury (SCI). Histological analysis suggests that the designed hydrogel scaffold provides a favorable biological niche for neuronal regeneration, thus producing directional neuron tissue and promoting the repair of SCI. This study demonstrates a promising hydrogel scaffold for SCI repair and provides the first understanding of the photoimmobilization of adhesive protein in a 3D hydrogel conduit concerning its functions on spinal cord tissue restoration.
Conical Hollow Microhelices with Superior Swimming Capabilities for Targeted Cargo Delivery
Authors: Xin Chen , Yang Liang , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Qian Dongdong , Fan Shengying , Hu Kai , Cai Ze , Wu Hao , Wang Dawei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInspired by flagellate microorganisms in nature, the microhelix is considered as an ideal model for transportation in fluid environment with low Reynolds number. However, how to promote the swimming and loading capabilities of microhelices with controllable geometries remains challenging. In this study, a novel kind of conical hollow microhelices is proposed and a method is developed to rapidly fabricate these microhelices with controllable parameters by femtosecond vortex beams generated from spatial light modulation along helical scanning. Conical hollow microhelices with designable heights (H = 45–75 µm), diameters (D = 6–18 µm), pitch numbers (Pi = 2–4), taper angles (T = 0.1–0.6 rad), and pitch periods (ΔP = 10–30 µm) are efficiently fabricated. In addition, compared with straight microhelices, the forward swimming capability of conical microhelices increases by 50% and the lateral drift of the conical hollow microhelices is reduced by 70%. Finally, the capabilities of these conical hollow microhelices for nanocargo loading and release by the inner hollow core, as well as transportation of neural stem cells by the outer surface are demonstrated. This work provides new insights into faster and simultaneous transportation of multicargoes for hybrid drug delivery, targeted therapy, and noninvasive surgery in vivo.
3D Pixel Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Pan Fei , Li Yilun , Li Zhaoyu , Yang Jialing , Liu Bin , Chen Yuli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetamaterials have unprecedented properties that facilitate the development of advanced devices and machines. However, their interconnected building structures limit their applications, especially in the fields that require large deformation, rich programmability and efficient shape‐reconfigurability. To break this limit and exploit more potentialities of metamaterials, an innovative material design strategy is proposed, named mechanical pixel (MP) array design. Similar to a screen that displays images by adjusting the colors of pixels, the metamaterials can form and reconfigure 3D morphologies by tuning the heights (lengths) of the MPs in the array. The strategy is demonstrated in a multistable metamaterial by experimental tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. Using this strategy, a large macroscopic shear deformation is obtained, and remarkable enhancements in the mechanical programmability, shape‐reconfigurability and adaptability, and reusable shock‐resistance are exhibited. Moreover, mechanical design and property prediction for the metamaterials are both greatly simplified due to the pixelated design. For a piece of the 3D pixel metamaterial with m n‐unit MPs, the number of programmable displacement–force curves increases from n+1 to 2m∙n+1, and the number of stable morphologies grows from n+1 to at least (n+1)m. This strategy can be used to enhance the merits and further excavate the potential of versatile metamaterials.
Room‐Temperature NO2 Gas Sensing with Ultra‐Sensitivity Activated by Ultraviolet Light Based on SnO2 Monolayer Array Film
Authors: Liu Bo , Luo Yuanyuan , Li Ke , Wang Hong , Gao Lei , Duan Guotao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChemiresistive‐type gas sensors, which are driven by the thermal activation, have exhibited extraordinary promise for the detection of air pollutions, such as highly toxic gas of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), but are often limited to its high operating temperature, because of the raising explosive risk in inflammable gases. This study reports the construction of a close‐packed SnO2 monolayer film, and uses it as the NO2 room‐temperature sensing layer induced by ultraviolet (UV)‐light irradiation. Such SnO2 monolayer array film shows excellent sensing performances toward NO2 gas with a striking selectivity under the UV‐light irradiation even in high humidity. Additionally, by precisely controlling the sensing film thickness, it is observed that the NO2 sensing characteristics can be optimized to provide ultra‐selectivity and high gas response. Through the systematic analysis, it reveals that the “clean effect” of UV‐light for surface‐adsorbed O2b−
ions and the competitive adsorption between NO2 and O2 gas during sensing process are responsible for the possible sensing mechanism. More importantly, this work exhibits the intrinsic relation between sensing performances and the film thickness under the UV‐light illumination, which is of vital importance to actual sensing requirements.
Tris‐Stabilized MoS2 Nanosheets with Robust Dispersibility and Facile Surface Functionalization
Authors: Guan Guijian , You Mingliang , Liu Xuan , Wu Yun‐Long , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (i.e., Tris) is reported to be an effective protecting agent to stabilize 2D nanomaterials in water for various enhanced applications. As demonstrated, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are first exfoliated from MoS2 bulk under a low‐energy sonication in the assistance of protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), and then BSA molecules are replaced with Tris to stabilize the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The Tris‐stabilized MoS2 nanosheets have a robust dispersibility to resist long‐term storage (e.g., 2.5 years), high temperature (e.g., 220 °C), and high speed centrifugation (e.g., 12 000 rpm). Furthermore, they also exhibit high biocompatibility and promising photothermal effect, which provide a better performance in photothermal therapy for inhibiting the growth of tumor. In addition, the surface Tris molecules readily introduce the grafting of polydopamine on MoS2 nanosheets to form a universal platform for coating of other functional polymers on nanosheets. Overall, this work not only brings more opportunities to exploit the outstanding applications of 2D nanomaterials, but also suggests a new and effective route to prepare the composite of nanosheets and functional polymers for their synergistic properties.
A Theoretical Study of Broadband Nearly Perfect Metasurface Absorber Based on Nanoarray of Titanium Nitride
Authors: Piao Rui‐Qi , Xu Qing , Wong Wing‐Han , Pun Edwin Yue‐Bun , Zhang De‐Long 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA metasurface perfect absorber working in whole visible regime is proposed on the basis of a sandwiched three‐layer structure formed by titanium nitride (TiN) nanoarray, antireflective MgF2 dielectric film, and TiN bottom layer. Each structural unit of the TiN array consists of a nanodisk and four symmetrically wrapped nanotriangles. The triangles play a role in increasing the absorption in the long wavelength region. The performance of the absorber was simulated as a function of its geometric parameters and the angle of incident beam as well. The results are discussed in terms of localized surface plasmonic resonance mechanism and dispersion effect of TiN, and the absorption features are qualitatively explained on the basis of electric field and power flow distributions. Optimal geometric parameters are presented. With the optimal parameters, the absorber would realize an averaged absorption of 98.3% over the entire visible region from 350 to 800 nm, with a peaking absorption 99.9% at 720 nm and a band of 482–780 nm having an absorption >99%. In addition, the absorber also shows polarization insensitivity and good angular acceptance capability of incident beam. The unique and compact structure has great potential application in fields of (thermo‐)photovoltaics, light trapping, and cloaking.
Roles of Localized Electronic Structures Caused by π Degeneracy Due to Highly Symmetric Heavy Atom‐Free Conjugated Molecular Crystals Leading to Efficient Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Hirata Shuzo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConjugated molecular crystals with persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising materials for sensing, security, and bioimaging applications. However, the electronic structures that lead to efficient persistent RTP are still unclear. Here, the electronic structures of tetraphenylmethane (C(C6H5)4), tetraphenylsilane (Si(C6H5)4), and tetraphenylgermane (Ge(C6H5)4) showing blue‐green persistent RTP under ambient conditions are investigated. The persistent RTP of the crystals originates from minimization of triplet exciton quenching at room temperature not suppression of molecular vibrations. Localization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the steric and highly symmetric conjugated crystal structures decreases the overlap of intermolecular HOMOs, minimizing triplet exciton migration, which accelerates defect quenching of triplet excitons. The localization of the HOMOs over the highly symmetric conjugated structures also induces moderate charge‐transfer characteristics between high‐order singlet excited states (Sm) and the ground state (S0). The combination of the moderate charge‐transfer characteristics of the Sm–S0 transition and local‐excited state characteristics between the lowest excited triplet state and S0 accelerates the phosphorescence rate independent of the vibration‐based nonradiative decay rate from the triplet state at room temperature. Thus, the decrease of triplet quenching and increase of phosphorescence rate caused by the HOMO localization contribute to the efficient persistent RTP of Ge(C6H5)4 crystals.
Bringing Conducting Polymers to High Order: Toward Conductivities beyond 105 S cm−1 and Thermoelectric Power Factors of 2 mW m−1 K−2
Authors: Vijayakumar Vishnu , Zhong Yuhan , Untilova Viktoriia , Bahri Mounib , Herrmann Laurent , Biniek Laure , Leclerc Nicolas , Brinkmann Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, an effective design strategy of polymer thermoelectric materials based on structural control in doped polymer semiconductors is presented. The strategy is illustrated for two archetypical polythiophenes, e.g., poly(2,5‐bis(3‐dodecyl‐2‐thienyl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (C12‐PBTTT) and regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). FeCl3 doping of aligned films results in charge conductivities up to 2 × 105 S cm−1 and metallic‐like thermopowers similar to iodine‐doped polyacetylene. The films are almost optically transparent and show strongly polarized near‐infrared polaronic bands (dichroic ratio >10). The comparative study of structure–property correlations in P3HT and C12‐PBTTT identifies three conditions to obtain conductivities beyond 105 S cm−1: i) achieve high in‐plane orientation of conjugated polymers with high persistence length; ii) ensure uniform chain oxidation of the polymer backbones by regular intercalation of dopant molecules in the polymer structure without disrupting alignment of π‐stacked layers; and iii) maintain a percolating nanomorphology along the chain direction. The highly anisotropic conducting polymer films are ideal model systems to investigate the correlations between thermopower S and charge conductivity σ. A scaling law S ∝ σ−1/4 prevails along the chain direction, but a different S ∝ −ln(σ) relation is observed perpendicular to the chains, suggesting different charge transport mechanisms. The simultaneous increase of charge conductivity and thermopower along the chain direction results in a substantial improvement of thermoelectric power factors up to 2 mW m−1 K−2 in C12‐PBTTT.
Hierarchical NiCo2S4@NiO Core–Shell Heterostructures as Catalytic Cathode for Long‐Life Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Caixia , Dong Shihua , Ge Xiaoli , Zhang Peng , Miao Xianguang , Wang Rutao , Zhang Zhiwei , Yin Longwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe critical challenges of Li‐O2 batteries lie in sluggish oxygen redox kinetics and undesirable parasitic reactions during the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction processes, inducing large overpotential and inferior cycle stability. Herein, an elaborately designed 3D hierarchical heterostructure comprising NiCo2S4@NiO core–shell arrays on conductive carbon paper is first reported as a freestanding cathode for Li‐O2 batteries. The unique hierarchical array structures can build up multidimensional channels for oxygen diffusion and electrolyte impregnation. A built‐in interfacial potential between NiCo2S4 and NiO can drastically enhance interfacial charge transfer kinetics. According to density functional theory calculations, intrinsic LiO2‐affinity characteristics of NiCo2S4 and NiO play an importantly synergistic role in promoting the formation of large peasecod‐like Li2O2, conducive to construct a low‐impedance Li2O2/cathode contact interface. As expected, Li‐O2 cells based on NiCo2S4@NiO electrode exhibit an improved overpotential of 0.88 V, a high discharge capacity of 10 050 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1, an excellent rate capability of 6150 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, and a long‐term cycle stability under a restricted capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1. Notably, the reported strategy about heterostructure accouplement may pave a new avenue for the effective electrocatalyst design for Li‐O2 batteries.