bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word-Final Repetition in an Adult With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Evans David L. , Owens K. Leann 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this report was to describe the nature of word-final repetition (WFR) in an adult with normal intelligence and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Method
A 25-year-old man completed speaking tasks that differed in linguistic complexity to examine the nature of his WFRs and the effect a stimulant medication had on his frequency of WFR.

Results
WFR occurred as a single iteration on sentences containing 2 or more clauses and occurred most often during monologue speaking tasks, on the final complete syllable of multisyllabic words, on content words, and on words in the utterance-final position. A minimal increase in WFR occurred when the participant completed a speaking task with a stimulant medication than the same speaking task without a stimulant medication.

Conclusion
Findings are similar to previous cases of WFR among school-age children, which have reported the majority of WFRs during propositional speaking tasks and a limited awareness of WFR. Linguistic, motor, coexisting conditions, and genetic explanations of WFR are considered relative to this case. Intervention of WFR should consider the individual needs of the client and the client's awareness of WFR.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) – Recommendations for Daily Routine Practice
Authors: Schneeweiss Andreas , Denkert Carsten , Fasching Peter A. , Fremd Carlo , Gluz Oleg , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Loibl Sibylle , Lück Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe rapid increase in knowledge in tumour biology and tumour pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has resulted in new therapeutic approaches and new therapeutic concepts for treatment. For years, TNBC has been considered to be a difficult-to-treat tumour due to its generally aggressive tumour biology and in view of limited therapeutic options. The risk of recurrence and metastasis is higher than in the case of other breast cancer subtypes of the same stage. In addition to surgery and radiation in the curative situation, systemic chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes is still the therapy of choice. New therapeutic approaches are based on the knowledge that TNBC is a molecularly very heterogeneous disease. Research groups are working to classify TNBC better and better on a molecular level and use this molecular subtyping as the basis for new therapeutic strategies. The most promising new approaches and considerations regarding the therapy of TNBCs are shown below. In addition, the current therapeutic strategies are discussed using a fictitious case history, taking the current data and the resultant therapeutic consequence into account.
Von den Tücken der Leitlinienentwicklung und den Lehren der Medizingeschichte
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: June 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,angesichts der Zunahme multiresistenter Erreger in der Bevölkerung und der medialen Aufmerksamkeit für „Killerkeime auf Frühchen-Intensivstationen“ bewegt sich der Umgang mit bakteriellen Infektionen bei Neugeborenen heute mehr denn je im Spannungsfeld zwischen einer präventiven Risikominimierung einerseits und einer präzisen therapeutischen Indikationsstellung andererseits. Dass dieses Spannungsfeld, zumal angesichts begrenzter bzw. uneindeutiger Evidenzen, nicht leicht zu bewältigen ist, davon zeugt allein der Umfang der aktualisierten AWMF-Leitlinie zu diesem Thema, die auf 15 Seiten des vorliegenden Heftes der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) abgedruckt ist.
Strukturelle Prädiktoren der Adhärenz für körperliche Aktivität im betrieblichen Setting – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Benda Frederike 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Erfolg betrieblicher Gesundheitsprogramme hängt maßgeblich von der Adhärenz der Beschäftigten ab. In betrieblichen Bewegungsprogrammen beträgt diese üblicherweise 25,8 % bis 29,2 %. Determiniert wird die Adhärenz durch demografische, gesundheitsbezogene, arbeitsbezogene und strukturelle Prädiktoren (Robroek, van Lenthe, van Empelen und Burdorf, 2009). Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst zusammen, unter welchen strukturellen Prädiktoren die Adhärenz für betriebliche Bewegungsprogramme am höchsten ist.
Methode Zur Identifizierung relevanter Artikel wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in den Datenbanken Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Cinahl, Embase, Medline und Business Source Premier durchgeführt. Es konnten 47 relevante Artikel aus der Ergebnismenge extrahiert werden. Diese wurden in Bezug auf ihre methodische Qualität bewertet. Adhärenzdaten sowie Teilnehmerquoten wurden nach thematischen Schwerpunkten ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Qualität der Studien ist gering, da nur wenige Studien die Adhärenz von betrieblichen Bewegungsprogrammen als primäres Zielkriterium auswerten. Die Messung, Operationalisierung und Definition der Adhärenz für körperliche Aktivität variiert sehr stark in den untersuchten Studien und die Ergebnisse sind inkonsistent. Es fehlen randomisierte kontrollierte Versuche, die unterschiedliche strukturelle Aspekte der Betriebe und Programme miteinander vergleichen. Dennoch konnte der Einfluss struktureller Prädiktoren auf die Adhärenz für betriebliche Bewegungsprogramme bestätigt werden.
Diskussion Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, die Adhärenzforschung zu standardisieren, um vergleichbare Ergebnisse liefern zu können. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien sollten den Einfluss struktureller Prädiktoren auf die Adhärenz genauer spezifizieren. Es ist außerdem von Bedeutung, Strategien zu finden, die die Langzeitadhärenz erhöhen, um das gesundheitsfördernde Potential von Bewegungsprogrammen am Arbeitsplatz besser nutzen zu können. Hierfür muss die Adhärenz als ein komplex determiniertes Verhalten betrachtet werden.
Sitzen macht dick, dumm und krank – warum macht sich die allgegenwärtige Ergonomieberatung dann immer noch Standardgedanken zur Einstellung und Optimierung unseres Sitzens?
Authors: Adomat Sven , Bartosch Sven 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Ergonomie ist im Fokus vieler Beratungen und Angebote im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung und Erhaltung der Gesundheit von Mitarbeitern. In diesem Beitrag wird die notwendige Erweiterung und Veränderung des Blickes von dem eindimensionalen mechanischen Ansatz hin zu einer Mehrdimensionalität weiterentwickelt und ein dementsprechender Analyseweg vorgestellt. Dieses Vorgehen des Umdenkens bildet nach unserer Einschätzung die Basis für eine nachhaltige biopsychosoziale Intervention im Betrieb.
Developing HL7 CDA-Based Data Warehouse for the Use of Electronic Health Record Data for Secondary Purposes
Authors: Pecoraro Fabrizio , Luzi Daniela , Ricci Fabrizio L. 
Published: June 2019

Background The growing availability of clinical and administrative data collected in electronic health records (EHRs) have led researchers and policy makers to implement data warehouses to improve the reuse of EHR data for secondary purposes. This approach can take advantages from a unique source of information that collects data from providers across multiple organizations. Moreover, the development of a data warehouse benefits from the standards adopted to exchange data provided by heterogeneous systems.
Objective This article aims to design and implement a conceptual framework that semiautomatically extracts information collected in Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) documents stored in an EHR and transforms them to be loaded in a target data warehouse.
Results The solution adopted in this article supports the integration of the EHR as an operational data store in a data warehouse infrastructure. Moreover, data structure of EHR clinical documents and the data warehouse modeling schemas are analyzed to define a semiautomatic framework that maps the primitives of the CDA with the concepts of the dimensional model. The case study successfully tests this approach.
Conclusion The proposed solution guarantees data quality using structured documents already integrated in a large-scale infrastructure, with a timely updated information flow. It ensures data integrity and consistency and has the advantage to be based on a sample size that covers a broad target population. Moreover, the use of CDAs simplifies the definition of extract, transform, and load tools through the adoption of a conceptual framework that load the information stored in the CDA in the data warehouse.
A Clinical and Radiographic Study of Four Different Root Canal Filling Materials in Primary Molars—An In Vivo Study
Authors: Gupta Bhavleen , Singh Inderjeet , Goyal Puneet , Garg Shaveta , Gupta Shivani 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction Pulpectomy helps in preserving a pulpally involved primary tooth by eliminating bacteria and their products and ensures hermetic seal of the root canals, so that the primary teeth can complete their function until normal exfoliation. For the success of endodontic treatment in primary teeth, the resorption of obturating material plays a vital role. The materials used for obturation in this study included zinc oxide propolis (ZOP) as a new paste, Endoflas, Metapex, and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE).
Objective To evaluate the success rate of pulpectomy of primary molars using four different root canal filling materials: ZOP as a new paste, Endoflas, Metapex, and ZOE.
Materials and Methods A total of 48 primary molars were divided into four equal groups of 12 molars according to the type of root canal filling paste, that is, ZOE, Endoflas, ZOP, and Metapex.
Results When Tukey’s test was applied, out of the four materials, ZOP was the most significant material as its p-value was < 0.05, whereas other materials showed nonsignificant results as their p-value was > 0.05.
Conclusion Among the four groups, ZOP showed greater clinical success and its resorbability was similar to that of root.
從邪牀禪母讀音與古江東方言
Authors: Chen Zhongmin 
Published: June 2019

抽象
本文首先分析今北部吳語從邪澄牀（崇船）禪等聲母讀音，指出這些聲母讀擦音是吳語固有讀音層（白讀），讀塞擦音是以後杭州半官話覆蓋層（文讀）；然後再分析這些聲母在南部吳語裡的情形，發現與北部吳語大致相同，只是白讀讀擦音的不包括澄母。作者認為從邪崇船禪讀擦音是直接繼承了《顏氏家訓—音辭篇》裡所說的江東方言從邪不分、牀（崇船）禪不分的特點，據此本文提出鑒別南朝江東方言的一個語音特徵：從邪崇船禪母都讀擦音。以此鑒別特徵為依據，本文再考察了北部吳語、南部吳語、江淮官話、徽語、閩語等方言相關聲母的讀音，指出吳語（不包括杭州話）、徽語嚴州片是古江東方言的範圍。不過這些地區的方言歷經一千多年的語言接觸和自身演變，也覆蓋著來自中原權威官話和地區權威話的塞擦音文讀層次。塞擦音文讀層與擦音白讀層互相競爭，此消彼長，使得這些方言裡讀塞擦音還是擦音「一處一個樣，一筆糊塗賬」。
「數＋量＋之／的＋名」的歷時語義演變
Authors: Zhang Futong , Li Xuping 
Published: June 2019

抽象
本文探討上古漢語至近代漢語中「數＋量＋之／的＋名」形式、功能兩個層面的發展演變。形式方面，由先秦時期的「數＋量＋之＋名」發展爲宋元以後的「數＋量＋的＋名」，以及元代出現的「數1＋量1＋數2＋量2＋的＋名」；功能方面，「數＋量＋之／的＋名」由初始的純描寫型結構發展出計量功能。我們認爲，不同類型的數詞和量詞對「數＋量＋的＋名」這一結構的語義變化有重要影響。具體來說，當「數＋量＋之／的＋名」這一結構的數詞爲高位數詞、約數詞時，它一般表描寫功能；低位確數詞進入該結構促使計量功能的產生。個體量詞在該結構的大量使用進一步加速了該結構從描寫到計量的轉化。
早期上海話位移事件的詞化類型
Authors: Lin Sue 
Published: June 2019

抽象早期上海話口語文獻顯示，雖然各類位移事件詞化結構皆有S型框架特徵，但無生自移事件S型框架傾向最強，其次是致移事件，而有生自移事件的V型框架傾向最明顯。位移事件內部詞化結構類型的差異反映了三者所受演變機制或者影響程度之別：雖然雙音節化和語義要素分離成為漢語位移事件向S型框架轉變的重要機制，但早期上海話中致移事件的詞化類型主要受制於連動結構語法化為動趨式的制約，有生自移事件卻借雙音節化使V型框架特徵更為穩定，無生自移事件因語義表達需要更青睞S型框架結構。研究表明，演變機制對詞化類型的制約作用並非均衡的，也非線性的，而是具有複雜性。
A note on the history of the term “pronomenalisation”
Authors: LaPolla Randy J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This short note discusses the origin and development of the use
of the term “pronomenalisation” (pronominalization) in Sino-Tibetan linguistics, pointing out that the concept was originally a typological one, and that the
phenomenon was seen as the result of grammaticalization, i.e. the free pronouns
being copied onto the verb.
The role of floral oils in the evolution of apid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Policarová Jana , Cardinal Sophie , Martins Aline Cristina , Straka Jakub 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost bees collect pollen and nectar for their larvae, while some also collect other resources. We investigated the evolution of floral oil-collecting behaviour in the Apidae and the evolutionary effects of floral oils on host brood cells for cuckoo bees. Focusing on apid bee phylogeny, we reconstructed the evolution of floral oil collection by females, use of floral oils in cell construction and the inclusion of oils in provisioning immatures. Ancestral character reconstruction demonstrates that floral oil-collecting behaviour arose four times independently. We also found that in cuckoo bees, parasitization of oil-collecting bees arose three times (including one secondary return) in Apidae. Except for Ctenoplectrina, oil cuckoo bees are all closely related to each other, forming an independent clade within the Nomadinae. Analysis of evolutionary transition rates indicates that there is a greater tendency for switching from an oil-collecting host to a non-oil-collecting host than the reverse. In apid bees, evolutionary transition rates are higher for switching to cuckoo behaviour from an ancestral lineage in which females collect floral oils than from other pollen-collecting lineages. We conclude that adaptation to oil collection is advantageous for pollen-collecting bees, and that the origin of oil cuckoo bees from non-oil cuckoo bees is constrained.
Glycogen in the uterus and fallopian tubes is an important source of glucose during early pregnancy†
Authors: Dean Matthew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pregnancy loss is common during the peri-implantation period in mammals when glucose is required for both embryonic development and decidualization of the endometrium. As the uterus cannot synthesize glucose, all glucose must come directly from maternal circulation as needed or transiently stored as the macromolecule glycogen. Glycogen acts as a glucose reservoir, storing up to 55 000 glucose moieties per molecule. Endometrial glycogen concentrations are correlated with fertility in humans, indicating that glycogen is an essential source of glucose during early pregnancy. In humans and primates, endometrial glycogen concentrations peak during the luteal phase due to progesterone. In contrast, in rats and mink, estradiol triggers an accumulation of uterine glycogen during proestrus and estrus. In mated rats, the glycogen content of the endometrium increases again after implantation due to high levels of glycogen stored in the decidua. In mink, endometrial glycogen reserves are localized in the uterine epithelia at estrus. These reserves are mobilized before implantation, suggesting they are used to support embryonic growth. Uterine glycogen concentrations continue to decrease after implantation in mink, probably due to a lack of decidualization. How ovarian steroids stimulate glycogenesis in the endometrium is unclear, but current evidence suggests that estradiol/progesterone interacts with insulin or insulin-like growth factor signaling. In summary, endometrial glycogen is an essential source of glucose during the peri-implantation period. More work is needed to characterize differences among species, elucidate the fate of the glucose liberated from glycogen, and understand how ovarian steroids regulate glycogen metabolism in the uterus.
Genital Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1 RNA and DNA Shedding in Virologically Suppressed Individuals Switching From Triple- to Dual- or Monotherapy: Pooled Results From 2 Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Hocqueloux Laurent , Gubavu Camélia , Prazuck Thierry , De Dieuleveult Barbara , Guinard Jérôme , Sève Aymeric , Mille Catherine , Gardiennet Elise , Lopez Pauline , Rouzioux Christine , Lefeuvre Sandrine , Avettand-Fènoël Véronique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasingly, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) benefit from lower drug regimens (LDRs). Exploring viral genital shedding during LDRs is crucial to ensure their safety.MethodsWe pooled genital sub-studies from 2 clinical trials in this area. Patients were randomized 1:1 to continue abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir or switch to dolutegravir (MONCAY trial), or to continue tenofovir/emtricitabine + a third agent or switch to tenofovir/emtricitabine (TRULIGHT trial). Participants whose plasma HIV-RNA remained &lt;50 copies/mL had sperm or cervicovaginal lavage collected between Weeks 24 and 48. HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA were amplified by ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction. The main objective was to measure the proportion of participants who had no detectable HIV in genital fluids, both according to each strategy and then in an aggregated analysis (LDR versus triple therapies).ResultsThere were 64 participants (35 males, 29 females) included: 16 received dual therapies and 16 received triple therapies in TRULIGHT; and 16 received monotherapies and 16 received triple therapies in MONCAY. In TRULIGHT, 13/15 (87%) of evaluable participants on dual therapy had no detectable HIV in their genital fluid, versus 14/15 (93%) under triple therapy (P = 1.0). In MONCAY, these figures were 12/15 (80%) on monotherapy versus 13/16 (81%) on triple therapy (P = 1.0). In the pooled analysis, a similar proportion of participants in the LDR and triple therapy groups had no detectable HIV: 25/30 (83%) and 27/31 (87%), respectively (P = .73).ConclusionsThere was no evidence of increased HIV-RNA and/or -DNA shedding in the genital fluids of people who maintained undetectable plasma HIV-RNA during LDRs.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02302547 and NCT02596334
Staring into the void: demystifying microbial metabolomics
Authors: Grim Cynthia M , Luu Gordon T , Sanchez Laura M 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Metabolites give us a window into the chemistry of microbes and are split into two subclasses: primary and secondary. Primary metabolites are required for life whereas secondary metabolites have historically been classified as those appearing after exponential growth and are not necessarily needed for survival. Many microbial species are estimated to produce hundreds of metabolites and can be affected by differing nutrients. Using various analytical techniques, metabolites can be directly detected in order to elucidate their biological significance. Currently, a single experiment can produce anywhere from megabytes to terabytes of data. This big data has motivated scientists to develop informatics tools to help target specific metabolites or sets of metabolites. Broadly, it is imperative to identify clear biological questions before embarking on a study of metabolites (metabolomics). For instance, studying the effect of a transposon insertion on phenazine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas is a very different from asking what molecules are present in a specific banana-derived strain of Pseudomonas. This review is meant to serve as a primer for a ‘choose your own adventure’ approach for microbiologists with limited mass spectrometry expertise, with a strong focus on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based workflows developed or optimized within the past five years.
Effect of Prescribed Fire on Timber Volume and Grade in the Hoosier National Forest
Authors: Stanis Shannon , Wiedenbeck Jan , Saunders Mike R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow-intensity surface fire is prescribed in eastern North American hardwood stands prior to overstory harvest in order to improve regeneration and recruitment of oak and other fire-tolerant and fire-adapted species. However, this use of prescribed fire potentially can reduce timber value. We inventoried overstory trees (>10 in. diameter at breast height) in 54 oak-dominated stands with varied prescribed fire histories and aspects in southern Indiana. We then documented the extent of prescribed fire damage (i.e., wounds) to overstory trees and quantified both the relative stand volume of timber loss and the proportion of trees that had tree grade reductions because of prescribed fire. Generally, as a stand received more prescribed fires, more trees were scarred, the relative volume lost increased, and a higher proportion of trees declined in grade. Overall, burned stands experienced less than 10 percent sawtimber volume loss, regardless of the number of prescribed fires and aspect. Less than 3 percent of trees, study-wide, had reduced grade because of prescribed fire. Grade and volume reductions varied by species, however. Our results suggest that prescribed fire has a minor economic impact on standing timber, particularly when timber is harvested within two decades of the first fire.
The Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Digestive Tract and Salivary Glands of Hishimonus lamellatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Dai Lizhen , Yang Baodong , Wang Jinzhong , Zhang Zhiyong , Yang Rui , Zhang Tieqiang , Ren Zhengguang , Lin Caili 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years, we found that Hishimonus lamellatus Cai et Kuoh is a potential vector of jujube witches’-broom phytoplasma. However, little is known about the anatomy and histology of this leafhopper. Here, we examined histology and ultrastructure of the digestive system of H. lamellatus, both by dissecting and by semi- and ultrathin sectioning techniques. We found that the H. lamellatus digestive tract consists of an esophagus, a filter chamber, a conical midgut and midgut loop, Malpighian tubules, an ileum, and a rectum. Furthermore, both the basal region of the filter chamber epithelium and the apical surface of the midgut epithelium have developed microvilli. We also identify the perimicrovillar membrane, which ensheaths the microvilli of midgut loop enterocyte, and the flame-like luminal membrane, which covers the microvilli of the conical midgut epithelium. In addition, H. lamellatus has the principal and accessory salivary glands. Our observations also showed that the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and secretory granules were all highly abundant in the secretory cells of the principal salivary glands, while the accessory glands consist of only one ovate or elbow-like acinus. We also briefly contrast the structure of the gut of H. lamellatus with those of other leafhopper species. These results intend to offer help for the future study on the histological and subcellular levels of phytopathogen–leafhopper relationships, including transmission barriers and the binding sites of pathogens and other microorganisms within their leafhopper vectors.
Risk of Second Primary Bone and Soft–Tissue Sarcomas Among Young Adulthood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Schonfeld Sara J , Merino Diana M , Curtis Rochelle E , Berrington de González Amy , Herr Megan M , Kleinerman Ruth A , Savage Sharon A , Tucker Margaret A , Morton Lindsay M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Excess sarcoma risks after childhood cancer are well established, but risks among young adulthood cancer survivors are poorly understood. Using US population-based cancer registry data, we compared bone and soft-tissue sarcoma risk vs the general population among 186 351 individuals who were diagnosed with nonsarcoma first primary malignancies at ages 20–39 years from 1975 to 2014 (follow-up through 2015) and survived at least 1 year. Bone sarcomas were rare (n = 50), but risk was statistically significantly elevated overall (2.9-fold) and greater than fivefold after Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and central nervous system tumors. Soft-tissue sarcomas were more common (n = 284) and risks were statistically significantly elevated approximately twofold overall and after melanoma and carcinomas of the breast, thyroid, and testis, and greater than fourfold after Hodgkin lymphoma and central nervous system tumors. Risks varied markedly by subtype, with the highest risks (greater than fourfold) for osteosarcoma and the soft-tissue subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma and blood vessel and nerve sheath sarcomas. These data demonstrate elevated risk for sarcoma after a range of young adulthood cancers.