bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El Papel del Maestro en el Desarrollo Intelectual de sus Escolares
Authors: Afonso Martins Diaki Mateus 
Published: June 2019

Esta contribución tiene como objetivo caracterizar el papel del maestro en el desarrollo intelectual de los escolares teniendo en cuenta su doble papel, de educador y orientador. Entre los principales referentes teóricos tomados están los de Castellano, (1997), Gardner,(1993),López, (2015), Aciego,(2017), Vygotsky, (1987) que en sus investigación han transcurrido más para allá en el análisis de la inteligencia humana. La metodología utilizada abarcó los métodos teóricos como el análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, revisión de artículos y ponencia sobre la temática. Tensionamos concluir viendo desde una mirada analítica la influencia que ejerce el maestro desde su ejemplo personal, motivado con su tarea de educar y a su vez preparar hombre para el futuro. Su rol de trabajar en función del enriquecimiento intelectual de los escolares para el desarrollo de su personalidad.
Human Eosinophils Express a Distinct Gene Expression Program in Response to IL-3 Compared with Common β-Chain Cytokines IL-5 and GM-CSF
Authors: Nelson Ryan K. , Brickner Howard , Panwar Bharat , Ramírez-Suástegui Ciro , Herrera-de la Mata Sara , Liu Neiman , Diaz Damaris , Alexander Laura E. Crotty , Ay Ferhat , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Seumois Grégory , Akuthota Praveen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Despite recent advances in asthma management with anti–IL-5 therapies, many patients have eosinophilic asthma that remains poorly controlled. IL-3 shares a common β subunit receptor with both IL-5 and GM-CSF but, through α-subunit–specific properties, uniquely influences eosinophil biology and may serve as a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to globally characterize the transcriptomic profiles of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 stimulation on human circulating eosinophils and identify differences in gene expression using advanced statistical modeling. Human eosinophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and stimulated with either GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 for 48 h. RNA was then extracted and bulk sequencing performed. DESeq analysis identified differentially expressed genes and weighted gene coexpression network analysis independently defined modules of genes that are highly coexpressed. GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 commonly upregulated 252 genes and downregulated 553 genes, producing a proinflammatory and survival phenotype that was predominantly mediated through TWEAK signaling. IL-3 stimulation yielded the most numbers of differentially expressed genes that were also highly coexpressed (n = 119). These genes were enriched in pathways involving JAK/STAT signaling. GM-CSF and IL-5 stimulation demonstrated redundancy in eosinophil gene expression. In conclusion, IL-3 produces a distinct eosinophil gene expression program among the β-chain receptor cytokines. IL-3–upregulated genes may provide a foundation for research into therapeutics for patients with eosinophilic asthma who do not respond to anti–IL-5 therapies.
Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation
Authors: Gu Chao , Wang Lei , Zurawski Sandra , Oh SangKon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The types and magnitude of Ag-specific immune responses can be determined by the functional plasticity of dendritic cells (DCs). However, how DCs display functional plasticity and control host immune responses have not been fully understood. In this study, we report that ligation of DC–asialoglycoprotein receptor (DC-ASGPR), a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed on human DCs, resulted in rapid activation of Syk, followed by PLCγ2 and PKCδ engagements. However, different from other Syk-coupled CLRs, including Dectin-1, signaling cascade through DC-ASGPR did not trigger NF-κB activation. Instead, it selectively activated MAPK ERK1/2 and JNK. Rapid and prolonged phosphorylation of ERK1/2 led to sequential activation of p90RSK and CREB, which consequently bound to IL10 promoter and initiated cytokine expression. In addition, DC-ASGPR ligation activated Akt, which differentially regulated the activities of GSK-3α/β and β-catenin and further contributed to IL-10 expression. Our observations demonstrate that DC-ASGPR induces IL-10 expression via an intrinsic signaling pathway, which provides a molecular explanation for DC-ASGPR–mediated programing of DCs to control host immune responses.
Childhood tuberculosis in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital: Treatment outcomes and determinants
Authors: Onubogu Chinyere , Ugochukwu Ebele , Anyabolu Arthur , Ojukwu Juliet 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Understanding the barriers to successful childhood TB treatment is vital to curbing the scourge of childhood TB. This study examined the outcomes and factors that influence the outcomes of childhood TB treatment in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methods: A 10-year review of the medical records of under-15 year olds, who received anti-TB treatment at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Majority of the 501 childhood TB cases were new (89.6%) and pulmonary (73.3%) TB cases. TB-HIV coinfection occurred in 42.5% of cases. The rate of successful treatment was 62.9%. About 57.5% completed treatment, 5.4% were cured, 7.0% were transferred out, 21.4% were lost to follow-up, 0.4% had treatment failure while 8.4% died. Majority (61.6%) of deaths or loss to follow-up occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Factors significantly associated with treatment outcomes were ascertainment of HIV status (P = 0.049), disease site (P = 0.013), nutritional status (P = 0.039), Mantoux test result (P = 0.002), and period of treatment (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Findings indicate high rate of unsuccessful childhood TB treatment outcomes. Efforts should be intensified to ensure improved outcomes through proactive search for childhood TB cases, early diagnosis and treatment, as well as adherence to and completion of treatment. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups including those with unknown HIV status, extrapulmonary TB, and severe malnutrition. It is imperative to determine the HIV status of all childhood TB cases.
Changes and Continuities in Austria's Coping with Refugee Crises over Three Centuries
Authors: Kuzmany Börries 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
By bringing together the most important refugee crises that struck first the Habsburg Empire and later the Republic of Austria during the last three hundred years, this paper analyzes the longue durée experiences this country has had in dealing with such situations. It explores the driving factors behind societal and governmental responses and conceives four topics that are recurrent, if in different forms: 1) the socioeconomic disruption and the ethical imperative to provide relief; 2) the legal authorities and their power to determine a legal settlement and the ultimate right to belong; 3) their quest to maintain sovereignty and control; and 4) the question of the legitimacy of refugees as perceived by authorities but also by a (fickle) public opinion.
Independently tunable dual-band plasmon induced transparency enabled by graphene-based terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Liu JunXing , Jin KaiLong , He XiaoYong , Zhang WenJie , Lin Xian , Jin ZuanMing , Ma GuoHong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A dual-band plasmon induced transparency (DBPIT) metamaterial based on monolayer graphene in terahertz regime is designed and studied numerically. We demonstrated that both the resonance frequency and transmission amplitude of the structure can be independently tuned by manipulating the Fermi level of graphene via gate voltage. The terahertz transmission of the DBPIT can be well reproduced with a classical three-oscillator model. Furthermore, the transmission amplitude can be additionally enhanced due to the improved mode coupling originated from the magnetic near field enhancement enabled by the Diabolo-like structure. This work may open up a new avenue for designing multiple-band functional devices.
Pyridinium Crosslinks (Pyd) in the Urine is Associated with Stunting in Neonates
Authors: Hayati Aslis Wirda , Aziz Alkausyari , Ahmad Siti Rohaiza , Ningsih Sri Widia 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of the research is to evaluate the reliability of bone resorption biomarkers called Pyridinium Crosslinks (Pyd) in the urine of the neonates as an evaluation to bone growth of the neonate, as an indicator of stunting.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Andini Mothers and Children Hospital (Pekanbaru, Indonesia). Duration of the study was between, August until September 2014.
Methodology: Subjects of study were 35 healthy neonates. Subjects were recruited at the first 3 days of life. Body length gauges, digital weighting scale, family socioeconomic questionnaires and Pyd kit were used to collect the data. Differences in the mean of the research variables were tested using an Independent t-test.
Results: Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in terms of height for age and Pyd in the urine of stunted (body length <48 cm) versus normal (body length ≥48 cm) neonates. The contents of Pyd in the urine of stunted neonates were 982.9±61.6 and normal neonates was 594.1±266.1 nmol/mmol.
Conclusion: Therefore, there is a possible association between height for age and Pyd in the urine as a potential early indicators to identify stunted and normal neonates.
City Gates, Roman
Authors: van Tilburg Cornelis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Roman city gates are remarkable structures. They are integral to the road and defense systems of towns, and sometimes also incorporate the sewerage and drinking‐water supply systems. They can also function as a symbol of the city's wealth. Three stages can be distinguished in the development of gates. Originally gates were built as simple structures, particularly serving city protection. During the second stage, the type developed into a magnificent building equipped with towers and embellishments, partly for the purpose of regulating traffic flow, but mainly to serve a representational function as a symbol of a city's status. Finally, during the third and last stage, the prime purpose was again protective and defensive. These stages corresponded, roughly, with the Republic, the Empire, and Late Antiquity. The number of gate passages can also be correlated with the presence of extramural structures such as houses and factories which generated an increased volume of traffic.
Deditio
Authors: Morrell Kit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Deditio
(surrender), more specifically
deditio in fidem
or
in potestatem
, was the formal and unconditional surrender of a foreign people to Rome, either as the conclusion to a war or in peacetime, as a means of securing Roman protection against a third party.
Deditio
by an enemy was an appeal for mild treatment, strengthened by its association with
fides
(good faith), and often realized in practice. Although
deditio
gave Rome absolute discretion over those who surrendered, in practice Rome often restored their rights and property.
Trebatius (Gaius Trebatius Testa)
Authors: Gamauf Richard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Gaius Trebatius Testa was a widely esteemed jurist in the last years of the Republic and the beginning of the Principate. He was a legal advisor to Cicero, Caesar, and Augustus and the teacher of M. Antistius Labeo. At his behest, Cicero wrote his
Topica
.
Distributed two‐stage state estimation with event‐triggered strategy for multirate sensor networks
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yinya , Qi Guoqing , Sheng Andong 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the state estimation issue for a class of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with the consideration of limited energy resources. First, a multirate estimation model is established, and then, a new event‐triggered two‐stage information fusion algorithm is developed based on the optimal fusion criterion weighted by matrices. Compared with the existing methods, the presented fusion algorithm can significantly reduce the communication cost in WSNs and save energy resources of sensors efficiently. Furthermore, by presetting a desired containment probability over the interval [0,1] with the developed event‐triggered mechanism, one can obtain a suitable compromise between the communication cost and the estimation accuracy. Finally, a numerical simulation for the WSN tracking system is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Cobalt‐Based Amorphous Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water‐Splitting Evolved from a Single‐Source Lazulite Cobalt Phosphate
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Panda Chakadola , Walter Carsten , Schwarze Michael , Driess Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the years, cobalt phosphates (amorphous or crystalline) have been projected as one of the most significant and promising classes of nonprecious catalysts and studied exclusively for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their successful utilization of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the reaction of overall water‐splitting is rather unexplored. Herein, presented is a crystalline cobalt phosphate, Co3(OH)2(HPO4)2, structurally related to the mineral lazulite, as an efficient precatalyst for OER, HER, and water electrolysis in alkaline media. During both electrochemical OER and HER, the Co3(OH)2(HPO4)2 nanostructure was completely transformed in situ into porous amorphous CoOx
(OH) films that mediate efficient OER and HER with extremely low overpotentials of only 182 and 87 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. When assemble as anode and cathode in a two‐electrode alkaline electrolyzer, unceasing durability over 10 days is achieved with a final cell voltage of 1.54 V, which is superior to the recently reported effective bifunctional electrocatalysts. The strategy to achieve more active sites for oxygen and hydrogen generation via in situ oxidation or reduction from a well‐defined inorganic material provides an opportunity to develop cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies.
Controllable Formation of Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots Mediated by the Fano Resonances Formed in Oligomers of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Yunbao , Liu Haiying , Li Jinxiang , Xiang Jin , Panmai Mingcheng , Dai Qiaofeng , Xu Yi , Tie Shaolong , Lan Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRapid and controllable formation of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is highly desirable in the fields of nanophotonics and biophotonics. Here, a novel strategy for creating CQDs, which emit white light efficiently under the excitation of either laser light or a mercury lamp, is proposed and demonstrated. The luminescent CQDs are generated by irradiating a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film doped with dense gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with femtosecond laser pulses. The creation of CQDs from PVA is a two‐step dehydration process mediated by AuNPs which act not only as heat sources but also as catalytic agents. The formation of CC, CC, and CO bonds is confirmed by infrared Fourier transformation spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is revealed both numerically and experimentally that a spatially localized temperature distribution at the deep subwavelength scale can be achieved in oligomers of AuNPs by resonantly exciting the Fano resonances formed in the oligomers of AuNPs, enabling the generation of CQDs with small diameters. As one of the potential applications, it is demonstrated that optical display and optical data storage with ultralow energy can be realized by selectively introducing luminescent CQDs in the AuNP/PVA film.
Strategies for Overcoming Defects of HKUST‐1 and Its Relevant Applications
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhu Haolin , Zeng Qun , Liu Dingxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have achieved rapid development owing to the considerable concern from researchers. As one of the most intensely studied MOFs, HKUST‐1 has shown remarkable performance which is considered feasible to apply in actual applications. However, the weak mechanical properties and water instability hinder its development which are mainly ascribed to lattice defects and surface barriers that impede mass transfer and molecular diffusion as well as electronic transmission. This review summarizes the recent literatures on the strategies of enhancing the above defects of virgin HKUST‐1 and its various applications, mainly adsorption and separation, catalyst, sensor as well as optical and electronic applications. These improving strategies improve specific properties of HKUST‐1 by decreasing the defects density, which will make this material more applicable for potential fields. Main strategies include the following: (1) modifying HKUST‐1 with an “armor,” (2) getting durable MOFs by direct synthesis or surface hydrophobization, (3) reconstructing the moisture‐degraded HKUST‐1, and (4) making use of the buffer action of sacrificial bonds.
Active Terahertz Shielding and Absorption Based on Graphene Foam Modulated by Electric and Optical Field Excitation
Authors: Xu Shi‐Tong , Fan Fei , Cheng Jierong , Chen Honghui , Ma Wenle , Huang Yi , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUltralight materials for broadband terahertz (THz) shielding and absorption are promising in practical THz applications. Here, active THz shielding and absorption properties of 3D graphene foam (GF) controlled by both laser pumping and biased electric field are investigated. The GF can be tuned from OFF‐shielding state to ON‐shielding state when the external field excitations are applied, and 10 dB shielding bandwidth expands from 0 to a broad band of 0.2–1.6 THz. Further researches show that the GF always keeps very low THz reflection either with or without external fields, but its absorption characteristics can be remarkably controlled from 13% to 95.4% at 0.3 THz by the power of the external excitations, and its specific average terahertz absorption performance increases from 3.9 × 103 to 1.95 × 104 dB cm3 g−1. This modulation mechanism reveals that the carrier density in GF increases one order of magnitude from 2.6 × 1014 cm−3 to 3.15 × 1015 cm−3. Finally, the tunable THz shielding and absorption characteristics of this GF device are demonstrated by THz transmission imaging, which shows its great potential applications in active THz imaging, radar, and electromagnetic compatibility.
C(sp2)−H Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Groups in Chiral Small‐Molecule Organocatalysts
Authors: Reep Carlyn , Sun Shiyu , Takenaka Norito 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis of chemical transformations by chiral small organic molecules has become an important approach in organic synthesis. Attractive noncovalent interactions such as N(O)−H hydrogen‐bonding, π‐stacking, and cation‐π interactions have been exploited as the primary and/or secondary function(s) of the catalysts, but C(sp2)−H hydrogen‐bonding interactions have been underutilized in this context. This Minireview showcases selected organocatalysts in which C(sp2)−H hydrogen‐bonding interactions are invoked in their mechanism of catalysis, examples of which can be inspirational for the development of new catalysts.
Gap Solitons in Fractional Dimensions With a Quasi‐Periodic Lattice
Authors: Huang Changming , Li Chunyan , Deng Hanying , Dong Liangwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe existence and stability of gap solitons in the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation are investigated with a quasi‐periodic lattice. In the absence of nonlinearity, the exact band‐gap spectrum of the proposed system is obtained, and it is found that the spectrum gap size can be adjusted by the sublattice depth and the Lévy index. Under self‐defocusing nonlinearity, both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase gap solitons have been searched in the first four gaps. It is revealed that in‐phase gap solitons are generally stable in wide regions of their existence, whereas stable out‐of‐phase gap solitons can only exist in the fourth spectrum gap. Linear stability analysis of gap solitons is in good agreement with their corresponding nonlinear evolutions in fractional dimensions. The presented numerical findings may lead to interesting applications, such as transporting of light beams through the optical medium, and other areas connected with the Kerr effect and fractional effect.
Highly sensitive and selective detect of p‐arsanilic acid with a new water‐stable europium metal–organic framework
Authors: Wang Chao‐Yang , Fu Huifen , Wang Peng , Wang Chong‐Chen 
Published: June 2019

The p‐arsanilic acid (p‐ASA), as an aromatic organoarsenic compounds, had received considerable concerns for their potential toxicity and carcinogenic properties. It was essential to detect p‐ASA with a facile method. In this paper, an europium based fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) [Eu2(clhex)·2H2O)]·H2O (BUC‐69) was successfully prepared under hydrothermal conditions with 1,2,3,4,5,6‐cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid (H6clhex) as organic linker. BUC‐69 displayed superior fluorescence capability to achieve selective and sensitive detection toward p‐ASA in water, which presented the first example of a MOF‐based sensor to detect p‐ASA. BUC‐69 showed excellent chemical stability in solutions under pH ranging from 4 to 12, which makes it be a potential sensor both in acidity and alkalinity condition. Significantly, BUC‐69 performed well in fluorescent sensing of p‐ASA at a low concentration (10−6 M) in the simulated wastewater prepared with real lake water, and the results were comparable to the values detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES). The corresponding mechanism of fluorescent sensing toward p‐ASA with BUC‐69 was proposed and affirmed.
Sodium hydrosulfide mitigates dexamethasone‐induced osteoblast dysfunction by interfering with mitochondrial function
Authors: Ma Jun , Fu Qiang , Wang Zhu , Zhou Peng , Qiao Suchi , Wang Bo , Chen Aimin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the clinical complications of long‐term treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs), characterized by systemic damage of bone mass and osteoblast dysfunction. Hydrogen sulfide was found to be involved in GCs‐induced osteoblast dysfunction. Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell and mitochondrial function were determined by cell viability, M‐CSF level, and ALP activity and superoxide production, membrane potential, and ATP level, respectively. The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of NaHS on osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell function as well as on Sirt1 and PGC1α expression in dexamethasone (DEX)‐treated osteoblast cells. DEX‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells exhibited decreased cell viability and ALP activity, as well as increased M‐CSF level; all these changes were dramatically attenuated by NaHS. DEX‐treated cells also displayed mitochondrial dysfunction, namely decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation and increased superoxide generation, which were partly reversed by NaHS. We confirmed decreased Sirt1 and PGC1α protein expression in DEX‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells by Western blot, which was also partly reversed by NaHS. Silencing of Sirt1 abrogated the protective effect of NaHS against DEX‐induced cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. NaHS alleviates DEX‐induced osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell injury by improving mitochondrial function.