bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation and harvesting behaviour of fishers in a specialized fishery targeting a top predator species at risk
Authors: French Robert P. , Lyle Jeremy M. , Lennox Robert J. , Cooke Steven J. , Semmens Jayson M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Effective management of wildlife resources depends on understanding and cooperating with the human users of the resource, particularly as policies may be rejected if user satisfactions are not met. In Australia, recreational anglers can legally target a migratory top predator, the shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus, which is also a species at risk. It is assumed that most of the sharks are released and population remains minimally impacted; yet, the actual release rate of this species is unknown and little information is available about anglers that participate in this fishery.

Fishing motivations and behaviours were ascertained by a web survey of recreational shark anglers from three south‐eastern Australian states. Respondents reported that ~70% of the captured makos were released, with significant geographic variation in release rates between states.

Most anglers reported being motivated by the catch‐based objectives, the thrills and challenges, rather than harvest‐based motivations. However, there were significant differences in harvesting motivation among states. This could be attributed to the varying value assigned to shortfin mako as a sport fish and table fish among regions. Additionally, higher rates of release among anglers from New South Wales may be linked to increased opportunity for resource substitution (i.e. greater diversity of game fish species) and established norms driven by current catch‐and‐release fisheries in that region.

Increased participation in catch‐and‐release fishing may be achieved by establishing behavioural norms by the provision of more desirable incentives to release sharks during fishing competitions. Data on regional variation in release rates yield important information for managers to target specialized fishers to incentivize catch‐and‐release fishing with an objective of changing behaviour.

Many anglers understand that sharks are important to marine ecosystems and messaging may be important to deliver effective management given that most anglers are motivated by catch‐based objectives even though many enjoy harvesting makos. Information on natural resource user motivations and satisfactions, such as studied here, has the potential to guide management actions and the ways in which managers interact with resource users.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Effects of bioavailable phenolic compounds from Ilex paraguariensis on the brain of mice with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cittadini María C. , Repossi Gastón , Albrecht Claudia , Di Paola Naranjo Romina , Miranda Agustín R. , de Pascual‐Teresa Sonia , Soria Elio A. 
Published: February 2019

Lung carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and has a high mortality. Recently, we showed that it produces neurological paraneoplastic syndrome, with Ilex paraguariensis (IP) extract exerting palliative effects due to its content of phenolic compounds. It is possible, therefore, that these diet agents can arrive at the brain and exert neuroprotection, after the oral intake of IP. Here, the aim was to investigate the protective role of bioavailable IP compounds on the telencephalon and diencephalon in lung adenocarcinoma‐bearing BALB/cJ males. Mice aged 2 months were treated for 3 weeks with 0–100 IP mg·kg−1·day−1. HPLC‐UV revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid and quercetin in brain regions, liver, and tumour, in an IP dose‐dependent manner. Brain was also evaluated histologically, and interleukin‐6 was measured by ELISA. Chlorogenic acid was the major compound found in brain, whereas quercetin was observed at the diencephalon to a lesser extent. Both compounds were involved in IP dose‐dependent diencephalic interleukin‐6 reduction. Histology suggested cellular protection with less apoptosis in chlorogenic‐exposed areas. Taken together, chlorogenic acid and quercetin from dietary IP were bioavailable and bioactive in brain, thereby attenuating lung cancer‐related neuroinflammation and damage. These findings support plant‐based strategies to improve prognosis.
First experiences with the Airo mobile intraoperative CT scanner in acetabular surgery—An analysis of 10 cases
Authors: Keil Holger , Beisemann Nils , Schnetzke Marc , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul A. , Franke Jochen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBeing a proven method in trauma and spine surgery, intraoperative 3D imaging (CBCT) has intrinsic deficits in difficult anatomy and with artifacts because of metal implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in acetabular surgery.MethodsTen cases of acetabular fractures that were operated with intraoperative use of the mobile CT scanner Brainlab Airo were analyzed. Data were compared with a historical group of 17 patients.ResultsAdditional fluoroscopy time was 24.2 seconds (6‐91), which was significantly lower than in the control group where it was 211.4 seconds (77‐446; P < 0.000). Operation time did not differ significantly (iCT group 196.8 min [122‐288], control group 240.8 min [71‐411], P = 0.234).ConclusioniCT provides images of a reliable high quality and assessability. Radiation exposure to the staff is reduced while surgery time is not altered significantly. Quality of intraoperative imaging and thus patient care can substantially improve patient outcome.
Multivariate approach to hydrogenated TiO2 photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Pradenas Marlene , Yáñez Jorge , Ranganathan Suresh , Contreras David , Santander Paola , Mansilla Héctor D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of hydrogenated TiO2 was evaluated in the photooxidation of methyl orange (MO). The hydrogenation of TiO2 was carried out by calcination of a mixture of TiO2 P‐25 and NaBH4, at 300 and 350°C for blue TiO2 and black TiO2, respectively. An experimental design was made for the determination of the best reaction conditions for the oxidation of MO. The influence of catalyst dosage and pH on photocatalytic efficiency was optimized, and the degradation percentage of MO was the response factor. The photocatalytic reaction was performed using a Xenon lamp that simulates the solar light spectrum for the activation of the catalyst. It was determined that both blue and black TiO2 show the greatest activity at pH = 2 and 0.8 g/L of catalyst. Additionally, the positive influence of hydrogen peroxide in the photocatalytic activity of both hydrogenated catalysts was determined. In parallel, COD and TOC were also studied.Practitioner points

The extent of titania reduction by hydrogenation is dependent on the reaction time with sodium borohydride.

The extent of titania reduction affects the photocatalytic activity in the oxidation of methyl orange. An excess of catalyst reduction inhibits the oxidation of the dye because of the increase of recombination points.

The best reaction conditions were determined by multivariate optimization as pH 2 and 0.8 g L‐1 of hydrogenated catalyst.

The addition of hydrogen peroxide into the reaction system improves the oxidation yield attributed to their electron accepting capacity.
Dual regulation between the two-component system PhoRP and AdpA regulates antibiotic production in Streptomyces
Authors: Zheng Yang , Sun Chen-Fan , Fu Yu , Chen Xin-Ai , Li Yong-Quan , Mao Xu-Ming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Antibiotic production during secondary metabolism in Streptomyces spp. is elaborately controlled by multiple environmental signals and intracellular cascades. These include the two-component system PhoRP responding to phosphate starvation and a conserved signaling pathway mediated by the pleiotropic regulator AdpA. However, little information exists about how these two pathways work together for secondary metabolite production of Streptomyces. Herein, we report the dual regulation from the phosphate starvation-responsive regulator PhoP and AdpA on atrA promoter (atrAp) for the production of daptomycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces roseosporus. We found that PhoP directly binds to atrAp, positively regulates atrA expression and thus daptomycin production. We also observed positive auto-regulation of phoRP expression during fermentation for daptomycin production. Moreover, partial overlap between PhoP- and AdpA-binding sites on atrAp was observed, which results in partial competitive binding between these two regulators. This partial overlapping and competition between PhoP and AdpA was further confirmed by mutations and binding assays. In summary, our findings have revealed dual regulation of PhoP and AdpA on the same promoter for antibiotic production in Streptomyces. This mechanism would be beneficial to further environment-responsive fermentation optimization for antibiotic production.
A loss of consciousness in a teenage girl with anorexia nervosa, due to polydipsia: case report and a minireview
Authors: Krogulska Aneta , Nowicka Dominika , Nowicki Zbigniew , Parzęcka Monika , Sakson-Słomińska Agnieszka , Kuczyńska Renata 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Anorexia nervosa is a chronic disease which may result in various complications. In pediatric clinical practice, it is common to observe complications related to progressive cachexia caused by malnutrition; however, cases of severe complications, like electrolyte disorders, which represent a direct threat to life, due to polydipsia, are rarely observed. The purpose of this study is to highlight that excessive drinking is of primary importance in anorexia nervosa patients, as it can result in severe medical complications, including increased risk of death.

Methods
We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa, who was referred to hospital with seizures, disorders of consciousness, and cardiorespiratory failure.

Results
The unstable condition of the patient was attributed to hyponatremia (119 mmol/l), decreased serum osmolality (248 mmol/kg), and decreased urine osmolality (95 mmol/kg) caused by polydipsia (water intoxication) and persistent vomiting. The presented girl was drinking large amounts of water prior to a weigh-in to falsify her low body weight.

Conclusions
Polydipsia is a common problem reported by patients with eating disorders, but one which rarely leads to serious clinical complications, due to severe hyponatremia. This case underscores the importance of careful evaluation of fluid intake and the need for regular monitoring of serum electrolytes in patients with anorexia nervosa. All clinicians treating patients with such disease, as well as the parents of sick children, should be familiar with this life-threatening condition.

Level IV
Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.
A retrospective cohort study of antibiotic exposure and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus recolonization
Authors: Hughes Heather Y. , Odom Robin T. , Michelin Angela V. , Snitkin Evan S. , Sinaii Ninet , Milstone Aaron M. , Henderson David K. , Palmore Tara N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjective:In the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, patients colonized or infected with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are placed in contact isolation until they are deemed “decolonized,” defined as having 3 consecutive perirectal swabs negative for VRE. Some decolonized patients later develop recurrent growth of VRE from surveillance or clinical cultures (ie, “recolonized”), although that finding may represent recrudescence or new acquisition of VRE. We describe the dynamics of VRE colonization and infection and their relationship to receipt of antibiotics.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study of patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, baseline characteristics were collected via chart review. Antibiotic exposure and hospital days were calculated as proportions of VRE decolonized days. Using survival analysis, we assessed the relationship between antibiotic exposure and time to VRE recolonization in a subcohort analysis of 72 decolonized patients.Results:In total, 350 patients were either colonized or infected with VRE. Among polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive, culture (Cx)-negative (PCR+/Cx−) patients, PCR had a 39% positive predictive value for colonization. Colonization with VRE was significantly associated with VRE infection. Among 72 patients who met decolonization criteria, 21 (29%) subsequently became recolonized. VRE recolonization was 4.3 (P = .001) and 2.0 (P = .22) times higher in patients with proportions of antibiotic days and antianaerobic antibiotic days above the median, respectively.Conclusion:Colonization is associated with clinical VRE infection and increased mortality. Despite negative perirectal cultures, re-exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of VRE recolonization.
Functional analysis of the dairy cow mammary transcriptome between early lactation and mid-dry period
Authors: Lin Ye , Lv He , Jiang Minghui , Zhou Jinyu , Song Shuyuan , Hou Xiaoming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research communication we used digital gene expression (DGE) analysis to identify differences in gene expression in the mammary glands of dairy cows between early lactation and the mid-dry period. A total of 741 genes were identified as being differentially expressed by DGE analysis. Compared with their expression in dry cows, 214 genes were up-regulated and 527 genes were down-regulated in lactating cow mammary glands. Gene Ontology analysis showed that lactation was supported by increased gene expression related to metabolic processes and nutrient transport and was associated with decreased gene expression related to cell proliferation. Pathway mapping using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that 579 differentially expressed genes had pathway annotations related to 204 pathways. Metabolic pathway-related genes were the most significantly enriched. Genes and pathways identified by the present study provide insights into molecular events that occur in the mammary gland between early lactation and mid-dry period, which can be used to facilitate further investigation of the mechanisms underlying lactation and mammary tissue remodeling in dairy cows.
Deep‐Sea Oxygen Depletion and Ocean Carbon Sequestration During the Last Ice Age
Authors: Anderson Robert F. , Sachs Julian P. , Fleisher Martin Q. , Allen Katherine A. , Yu Jimin , Koutavas Athanasios , Jaccard Samuel L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnhanced ocean carbon storage during the Pleistocene ice ages lowered atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 80 to 100 ppm relative to interglacial levels. Leading hypotheses to explain this phenomenon invoke a greater efficiency of the ocean's biological pump, in which case carbon storage in the deep sea would have been accompanied by a corresponding reduction in dissolved oxygen. We exploit the sensitivity of organic matter preservation in marine sediments to bottom water oxygen concentration to constrain the level of dissolved oxygen in the deep central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last glacial period (18,000–28,000 years BP) to have been within the range of 20–50 μmol/kg, much less than the modern value of ~168 μmol/kg. We further demonstrate that reduced oxygen levels characterized the water column below a depth of ~1,000 m. Converting the ice age oxygen level to an equivalent concentration of respiratory CO2, and extrapolating globally, we estimate that deep‐sea CO2 storage during the last ice age exceeded modern values by as much as 850 Pg C, sufficient to balance the loss of carbon from the atmosphere (~200 Pg C) and from the terrestrial biosphere (~300–600 Pg C). In addition, recognizing the enhanced preservation of organic matter in ice age sediments of the deep Pacific Ocean helps reconcile previously unexplained inconsistencies among different geochemical and micropaleontological proxy records used to assess past changes in biological productivity of the ocean.
Modeling Extreme Warm‐Air Advection in the Arctic: The Role of Microphysical Treatment of Cloud Droplet Concentration
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Bossioli Elissavet , Tombrou Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the Arctic climate is changing fast, with increasing areas of open water in summer, there is a growing interest in the processes related to the marginal ice zones. Recent studies have indicated that such a critical process may be the advection of warm and moist air from the south. In this study, the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is evaluated during an extreme warm advection episode over melting sea ice that occurred near the Arctic ice edge in summer 2014. The model gives a reasonably good representation of the atmospheric conditions and the Arctic boundary layer, characterized by very strong surface inversions and the frequent presence of low‐level jets. However, the representation of the highly variable cloud conditions, from optically thick to optically thin, dissipating clouds, is sensitive to the choice of cloud droplet treatment in WRF. Simulations with relatively high cloud droplet number concentrations (Ndrop ≥ 100 cm−3) are more successful in representing the optically thick cloud state, whereas to reproduce optically thin and tenuous clouds Ndrop should be <50 cm−3. The WRF‐Chem model, with a realistic treatment of the cloud‐aerosol interactions, allows for large variations in Ndrop and hence can reproduce the cloud water properties reasonably well for most of the simulation time. This contributes to an improved representation of the cloud longwave radiative effect, compared to the simulations where a less adaptive treatment of Ndrop is applied.
An Efficient Method for Microphysical Property Retrievals in Vertically Inhomogeneous Marine Water Clouds Using MODIS‐CloudSat Measurements
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Hu Yongxiang , Liu Xu , Loeb Norman , Smith William L. , Minnis Patrick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient method is developed to infer cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud droplet effective radius (CDER) of marine water clouds from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and CloudSat measurements, incorporating droplet size vertical inhomogeneity. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is employed to reduce the degrees of freedom of the droplet size profile. The first two EOFs can explain 94% of the variability in the droplet size profile. Compared to the existing bispectral CDER retrieval from MODIS assuming plane parallel vertically homogeneous clouds, the new retrieval produces smaller CDER values in clouds in which the adiabatic growth process is dominant and larger CDER values in clouds in which the collision‐coalescence process is dominant. To evaluate the performance of the retrieval algorithm, we compare retrieved COT and CDER in this study with their MODIS and CloudSat counterparts on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. CDER retrieval based on the vertically homogeneous assumption may be underestimated by 30% due to droplet size vertical inhomogeneity when COT is large and the collision‐coalescence process is dominant in the cloud. Retrieved CDER in conjunction with the two scores for EOFs can reconstruct the vertical profile of CDER, which is useful for cloud microphysical process studies. Furthermore, potential expansion of this algorithm to MODIS pixels without CloudSat collocations is discussed.
Landslides on Ceres: Inferences Into Ice Content and Layering in the Upper Crust
Authors: Chilton H. T. , Schmidt B. E. , Duarte K. , Ferrier K. L. , Hughson K. H. G. , Scully J. E. C. , Wray J. J. , Sizemore H. G. , Nathues A. , Platz T. , Schorghofer N. , Schenk P. M. , Landis M. E. , Bland M. , Byrne S. , Russell C. T. R. , Raymond C. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe analyze landslides on Ceres using several quantitative approaches to constrain the composition and structure of the top few kilometers of Ceres' crust. We focus on a subset of archetypal landslides classified morphologically as thick, steep‐snouted “type 1” (T1) flows and thin spatulate “type 2” (T2) flows (Schmidt et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2936) to explore the landslides' mechanical properties. Our results confirm earlier observations showing that T1 landslides are typically found poleward of 70° latitude and T2 mostly equatorward of 70° latitude. Measurements of landslide drop height and runout length imply effective friction coefficients lower than common friction coefficients in any of Ceres' identified or suggested non‐ice surface materials, including saturated clays. Our measurements of the volume and area of landslide scars suggest that T1 landslides can fail to greater depths than T2 for a given scar area, consistent with depth‐limited failure in T2 landslides. These results are consistent with a layer of lower shear strength material overlying a stronger layer in Ceres' outer shell at low to middle latitudes and a single layer without an overlying weak layer at polar latitudes. Combining these observations with known constraints on Ceres' near‐surface composition, we propose that Ceres' crust at low to middle latitudes consists of a topmost layer with an ice content in excess of the spectral and elemental detection depths, thins out at high latitudes, and overlies a stronger and more ice‐rich layer.
Infrasound Array Analysis of Debris Flow Activity and Implication for Early Warning
Authors: Marchetti E. , Walter F. , Barfucci G. , Genco R. , Wenner M. , Ripepe M. , McArdell B. , Price C. 
Published: February 2019

Debris flows constitute a severe natural hazard and studies are performed to investigate triggering mechanisms and to identify and evaluate early warning systems. We present a seismoacoustic analysis of debris flow activity at Illgraben, Switzerland, with infrasound data collected with a small aperture array. Events are recorded as emergent signals of long duration, with seismic and infrasound amplitudes scaling with the flow discharge. The spectral content is stable and peaking at 8 Hz for the seismic and at 5 Hz for the infrasound that suggests two separate processes of elastic energy radiation, most likely bed‐load transport for the seismic and waves at the free surface for the infrasound. Although amplitude and frequency content of the infrasound signal are well within the processing limits, most of the signal is not showing any correlation among the array elements. We suggest that this is a consequence of the contribution of multiple sources of infrasound acting with variable amplitude and phase along the surface of the debris flow. At Illgraben, coherent infrasound is recorded only from fixed sources, corresponding to check dams within the channel. Here infrasound radiation is increased and the dams turn into predominant sources of energy. This allows to unambiguously identify the occurrence of debris flow at Illgraben with the infrasound array, from a remote and safe position and with a timing that is similar to the early warning system based on in‐channel sensors. This clearly shows how infrasound arrays could be used as an efficient early warning systems.