bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Digging in” or “Giving in”: Attachment‐related threat moderates the association between attachment orientation and reactions to conflict
Authors: MacDonald Tara K. , Wood Valerie , Fabrigar Leandre R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrior research suggests that individuals higher in attachment anxiety react to conflict in a more hostile manner than those lower in attachment anxiety. Although less pronounced, there is also evidence that attachment anxiety is associated with submissive behavior in conflict. Thus, the literature presents a paradox, as attachment anxiety is associated with both domineering and submissive responses to relationship conflict. We proposed that attachment‐related threat moderates the effects of attachment orientations on conflict behavior, such that under conditions of low threat attachment anxiety would be associated with dominance, whereas under conditions of high threat attachment anxiety would be associated with submission. Further, we expected that this interaction between attachment anxiety and threat condition would be stronger for individuals lower in attachment avoidance, relative to those higher in avoidance. We found support for our hypotheses, such that attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and threat interacted to predict responses to relationship conflict.
Insight on a comprehensive profile of volatile compounds of Chlorella vulgaris extracted by two “green” methods
Authors: Lafarge Céline , Cayot Nathalie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSome green extraction methods were selected and tested for the extraction of volatile compounds from different samples of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris: ultrasound‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction using environment‐friendly solvents (LLE) and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). The obtained profiles of volatile chemical compounds were different. Only one molecule was found in common to both extractions. Using the SPME method, the main chemical classes of identified volatile compounds were sulfuric compounds, aldehydes, and alcohols. Using the LLE method, the volatile profile was more balanced with alkanes, fatty acids, terpenes, alcohols, and aldehydes. Multivariate data analyses permitted discrimination among samples. Additionally, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of identified volatile compounds and the methods of extraction was studied. The results showed that the LLE extraction allowed the extraction of volatile compounds having a high boiling point (>160°C) and a high log P (>3). The SPME method was more effective to extract volatile compounds with a low boiling point (<160°C) and a low log P (<3). It is thus necessary to combine several extraction methods to obtain a complete view of the volatile profile for microalgae samples.
Immediate and long‐term effects of a very‐low‐calorie diet on diabetes remission and glycemic control in obese Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Umphonsathien Mongkontida , Prutanopajai Pornsawan , Aiam‐O‐Ran Juntagan , Thararoop Titiprang , Karin Apaporn , Kanjanapha Chanida , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj , Khovidhunkit Weerapan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimA very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD) can reverse the underlying defects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in obese subjects. We determined the efficacy, safety, and durability of VLCD in Thai patients with DM and obesity.MethodsTwenty Thai patients with DM and obesity were enrolled. After a 2‐week trial, VLCD (600 kcal/day) was continued for 8 weeks, followed by a 4‐week transition period. Data on diabetes remission (fasting plasma glucose level <126 mg/dl and HbA1c <6.5% without the use of glucose‐lowering medications), glycemic control, metabolic parameters, and quality of life (QOL) were collected along with indices of insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell function. Glycemic control 12 months after discontinuation of VLCD was also examined.ResultsAmong 19 patients (age 48 ± 2 years, BMI 27.7 kg/m2) who completed the study, rapid improvement in glycemic control was observed in the first 2 weeks of VLCD. At both 8 and 12 weeks, diabetes remission was achieved in 79%. Significant weight loss was accompanied by a significant reduction in IR and an increase in beta cell function, starting at 4 weeks of VLCD. QOL also significantly increased. At 12 months after VLCD, however, DM remission was achieved in approximately 30%.ConclusionVery‐low‐calorie diet was effective and safe in inducing short‐term diabetes remission in Thai subjects by ameliorating beta cell function and IR. Optimal long‐term glycemic control was potentially durable as one‐third of subjects remained without diabetes medication 12 months after VLCD.
Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of coating with chitosan–citrus essential oil and effect on the quality of Pacific mackerel during chilled storage
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Chunhua , Wu Tiantian , Yuan Chunhong , Hu Yaqin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe goal of the study was to investigate whether chitosan–citrus essential oil composite works as an efficient preservative in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) during chilling storage. FT‐IR analysis showed that chitosan–citrus essential oil coating was successfully prepared. Our results demonstrated that chitosan–citrus essential oil coating possessed significantly higher capability of scavenging reactive oxygen species ( and OH−) than chitosan. Furthermore, Pacific mackerel coated with chitosan–citrus essential oil composite could significantly reduce parameters of corruption including physicochemical (drop loss, biogenic amine, and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) and microbiological parameters (total viable count), as compared with untreated and chitosan groups after 12 days of storage at −3°C. These results indicated that CS‐CEOs could work as efficient preservative for Pacific mackerel storage through ameliorating redox state and inhibiting microbial growth and suggested that chitosan–citrus essential oil composite has great potential in preservation of aquatic products during superchilled storage.
Mycotoxin concentrations in rice from three climatic locations in Africa as affected by grain quality, production site, and storage duration
Authors: Tang Erasmus N. , Ndindeng Sali A. , Bigoga Jude , Traore Karim , Silue Drissa , Futakuchi Koichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInformation on the mycotoxin contamination of rice in Africa is limited although the risk of contamination is high. In this study, domestic milled rice processed by actors using suboptimal methods was purchased and total fumonisin (FUM), zearalenone, and aflatoxin concentrations determined at 0, 90, and 180 days after storage. Three different climatic locations, Cotonou (Benin) in the Guinea savanna, Yaoundé (Cameroon) in the Tropical forest, and N'diaye (Senegal) in the Sahel, were selected as storage sites. Subsets of the samples collected from Glazoue (Benin), Ndop (Cameroon), and Dagana (Senegal) were stored in plastic woven bags under room conditions in the respective sites with or without calcium oxide (burnt scallop shell—BSS, 0.1% w/w) treatment. Multivariance analysis showed that FUM concentration was positively influenced by the duration of storage only while zearalenone concentration was negatively influenced by relative humidity and head rice but positively by impurities. Zearalenone concentration was also influenced by sample collection/storage location, processing type, and duration of storage. Aflatoxin concentration was influenced negatively by storage room temperature and head rice but positively by impurities and chalky grains. In addition, aflatoxin concentration was influenced by collection/storage location and processing type. BSS treatment followed by storage for 6 months had no effect on the concentration of the three assessed mycotoxins. Strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination in study sites will include the improvement of physical rice quality through better pre‐ and postharvest practices and proper packaging of both treated rice and untreated rice in hermetic systems before marketing and storage.
Microglia damage precedes major myelin breakdown in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy and metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: Bergner Caroline G. , van der Meer Franziska , Winkler Anne , Wrzos Claudia , Türkmen Mevlude , Valizada Emil , Fitzner Dirk , Hametner Simon , Hartmann Christian , Pfeifenbring Sabine , Stoltenburg‐Didinger Gisela , Brück Wolfgang , Nessler Stefan , Stadelmann Christine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) are two relatively common examples of hereditary demyelinating diseases caused by a dysfunction of peroxisomal or lysosomal lipid degradation. In both conditions, accumulation of nondegraded lipids leads to the destruction of cerebral white matter. Because of their high lipid content, oligodendrocytes are considered key to the pathophysiology of these leukodystrophies. However, the response to allogeneic stem cell transplantation points to the relevance of cells related to the hematopoietic lineage. In the present study, we aimed to better characterize the pathogenetic role of microglia in the above‐mentioned diseases. Applying recently established microglia markers to human autopsy cases of X‐ALD and MLD we were able to delineate distinct lesion stages in evolving demyelinating lesions. The immune‐phenotype of microglia was altered already early in lesion evolution, and microglia loss preceded full‐blown myelin degeneration both in X‐ALD and MLD. DNA fragmentation indicating phagocyte death was observed in areas showing microglia loss. The morphology and dynamics of phagocyte decay differed between the diseases and between lesion stages, hinting at distinct pathways of programmed cell death. In summary, the present study shows an early and severe damage to microglia in the pathogenesis of X‐ALD and MLD. This hints at a central pathophysiologic role of these cells in the diseases and provides evidence for an ongoing transfer of toxic substrates primarily enriched in myelinating cells to microglia.
LRP1 deficiency in microglia blocks neuro‐inflammation in the spinal dorsal horn and neuropathic pain processing
Authors: Brifault Coralie , Kwon HyoJun , Campana Wendy M. , Gonias Steven L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFollowing injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), microglia in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) become activated and contribute to the development of local neuro‐inflammation, which may regulate neuropathic pain processing. The molecular mechanisms that control microglial activation and its effects on neuropathic pain remain incompletely understood. We deleted the gene encoding the plasma membrane receptor, LDL Receptor‐related Protein‐1 (LRP1), conditionally in microglia using two distinct promoter‐Cre recombinase systems in mice. LRP1 deletion in microglia blocked development of tactile allodynia, a neuropathic pain‐related behavior, after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PNL). LRP1 deletion also substantially attenuated microglial activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in the SDH following PNL. Because LRP1 shedding from microglial plasma membranes generates a highly pro‐inflammatory soluble product, we demonstrated that factors which activate spinal cord microglia, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and colony‐stimulating factor‐1, promote LRP1 shedding. Proteinases known to mediate LRP1 shedding, including ADAM10 and ADAM17, were expressed at increased levels in the SDH after PNL. Furthermore, LRP1‐deficient microglia in cell culture expressed significantly decreased levels of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 when treated with LPS. We conclude that in the SDH, microglial LRP1 plays an important role in establishing and/or amplifying local neuro‐inflammation and neuropathic pain following PNS injury. The responsible mechanism most likely involves proteolytic release of LRP1 from the plasma membrane to generate a soluble product that functions similarly to pro‐inflammatory cytokines in mediating crosstalk between cells in the SDH and in regulating neuropathic pain.
A latent class approach to identify multi‐risk profiles associated with phylogenetic clustering of recent hepatitis C virus infection in Australia and New Zealand from 2004 to 2015
Authors: Bartlett Sofia R , Applegate Tanya L , Jacka Brendan P , Martinello Marianne , Lamoury Francois MJ , Danta Mark , Bradshaw Daniel , Shaw David , Lloyd Andrew R , Hellard Margaret , Dore Gregory J , Matthews Gail V , Grebely Jason 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionOver the last two decades, the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co‐infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV began increasing in post‐industrialized countries. Little is known about transmission of acute or recent HCV, in particular among MSM living with HIV co‐infection, which creates uncertainty about potential for reinfection after HCV treatment. Using phylogenetic methods, clinical, epidemiological and molecular data can be combined to better understand transmission patterns. These insights may help identify strategies to reduce reinfection risk, enhancing effectiveness of HCV treatment as prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to identify multi‐risk profiles and factors associated with phylogenetic pairs and clusters among people with recent HCV infection.MethodsData and specimens from five studies of recent HCV in Australia and New Zealand (2004 to 2015) were used. HCV Core‐E2 sequences were used to infer maximum likelihood trees. Clusters were identified using 90% bootstrap and 5% genetic distance threshold. Multivariate logistic regression and latent class analyses were performed.ResultsAmong 237 participants with Core‐E2 sequences, 47% were in a pair/cluster. Among HIV/HCV co‐infected participants, 60% (74/123) were in a pair/cluster, compared to 30% (34/114) with HCV mono‐infection (p < 0.001). HIV/HCV co‐infection (vs. HCV mono‐infection; adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45, 5.15) was independently associated with phylogenetic clustering. Latent class analysis identified three distinct risk profiles: (1) people who inject drugs, (2) HIV‐positive gay and bisexual men (GBM) with low probability of injecting drug use (IDU) and (3) GBM with IDU & sexual risk behaviour. Class 2 (vs. Class 1, AOR 3.40; 95% CI, 1.52, 7.60), was independently associated with phylogenetic clustering. Many clusters displayed homogeneous characteristics, such as containing individuals exclusively from one city, individuals all with HIV/HCV co‐infection or individuals sharing the same route of acquisition of HCV.ConclusionsClusters containing individuals with specific characteristics suggest that HCV transmission occurs through discrete networks, particularly among HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. The greater proportion of clustering found among HIV/HCV co‐infected participants highlights the need to provide broad direct‐acting antiviral access encouraging rapid uptake in this population and ongoing monitoring of the phylogeny.
Clinical, neuroradiological, and biochemical features of SLC35A2‐CDG patients
Authors: Vals Mari‐Anne , Ashikov Angel , Ilves Pilvi , Loorits Dagmar , Zeng Qiang , Barone Rita , Huijben Karin , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Diogo Luísa , Elias Abdallah F. , Greenwood Robert S. , Grunewald Stephanie , van Hasselt Peter M. , van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , Mancini Grazia , Okninska Agnieszka , Pajusalu Sander , Rudd Pauline M. , Rustad Cecilie F. , Salvarinova Ramona , de Vries Bert B.A. , Wolf Nicole I. ,   EPGEN Study, Ng Bobby G. , Freeze Hudson H. , Lefeber Dirk J. , Õunap Katrin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSLC35A2‐CDG is caused by mutations in the X‐linked SLC35A2 gene encoding the UDP‐galactose transporter. SLC35A2 mutations lead to hypogalactosylation of N‐glycans. SLC35A2‐CDG is characterized by severe neurological symptoms and, in many patients, early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. In view of the diagnostic challenges, we studied the clinical, neuroradiological, and biochemical features of 15 patients (11 females and 4 males) with SLC35A2‐CDG from various centers. We describe nine novel pathogenic variations in SLC35A2. All affected individuals presented with a global developmental delay, and hypotonia, while 70% were nonambulatory. Epilepsy was present in 80% of the patients, and in EEG hypsarrhythmia and findings consistent with epileptic encephalopathy were frequently seen. The most common brain MRI abnormality was cerebral atrophy with delayed myelination and multifocal inhomogeneous abnormal patchy white matter hyperintensities, which seemed to be nonprogressive. Thin corpus callosum was also common, and all the patients had a corpus callosum shorter than normal for their age. Variable dysmorphic features and growth deficiency were noted. Biochemically, normal mucin type O‐glycosylation and lipid glycosylation were found, while transferrin mass spectrometry was found to be more specific in the identification of SLC35A2‐CDG, as compared to routine screening tests. Although normal glycosylation studies together with clinical variability and genetic results complicate the diagnosis of SLC35A2‐CDG, our data indicate that the combination of these three elements can support the pathogenicity of mutations in SLC35A2.
Biotin in metabolism, gene expression, and human disease
Authors: León‐Del‐Río Alfonso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiotin is a water‐soluble vitamin that belongs to the vitamin B complex and which is an essential nutrient of all living organisms from bacteria to man. In eukaryotic cells biotin functions as a prosthetic group of enzymes, collectively known as biotin‐dependent carboxylases that catalyze key reactions in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Enzyme‐bound biotin acts as a vector to transfer a carboxyl group between donor and acceptor molecules during carboxylation reactions. In recent years, evidence has mounted that biotin also regulates gene expression through a mechanism beyond its role as a prosthetic group of carboxylases. These activities may offer a mechanistic background to a developing literature on the action of biotin in neurological disorders. This review summarizes the role of biotin in activating carboxylases and proposed mechanisms associated with a role in gene expression and in ameliorating neurological disease.
Comparative osteology and functional morphology of the forelimb ofCyonasua(Mammalia, Procyonidae), the first South American carnivoran
Authors: Tarquini Juliana , Morgan Cecilia C. , Toledo Néstor , Soibelzon Leopoldo H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtant procyonids only inhabit the Americas and are represented by six genera (Procyon,Nasua,Nasuella,Bassaricyon,Potos,andBassariscus); all of them, exceptBassariscus, are present in South America. The first records correspond to the early Miocene in North America (NA) and the late Miocene in South America (SA).Cyonasuawas the first carnivoran to enter SA from NA, before the Great American Biotic Interchange, and went extinct in the early middle Pleistocene. This extinct procyonid is recorded in several localities of Argentina, and also in Venezuela. Paleobiological studies of procyonids are interesting from evolutionary and biogeographical viewpoints. In this study, the pectoral girdle and forelimb of 10 specimens ofCyonasuaare described and compared with extant South American procyonids using a qualitative approach. Additionally, four functional morphology indexes were calculated for them and compared with an ecologically diverse sample of living carnivorans. Results indicate thatCyonasuamost resemblesNasua nasuaandProcyon cancrivorus, even though the extinct procyonid possessed peculiar features.Cyonasuahad robust and relatively short forelimb bones, with strong stabilized joints, and movements associated with the sagittal plane, which suggest a tendency toward terrestrial habits, related to their ability to resist relatively high bending and shearing stresses. However, some features indicate a freedom in their range of movements, with moderate supination ability, compatible with climbing. When combined with previous analyses of dietary habits and estimated body mass, the morphology ofCyonasuawould be well suited for digging and prey manipulation, allowing them to prey on small and relatively large‐sized vertebrates, as well as to avoid some of the predators that were dominant in the Cenozoic of South America.
Pre‐injury monocyte/macrophage depletion results in increased blood–brain barrier permeability after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Aertker Benjamin M. , Kumar Akshita , Prabhakara Karthik S. , Smith Philippa , Furman Naama E. Toledano , Hasen Xue , Cox Charles S. , Bedi Supinder S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) effects both the brain and the immune system. Circulating monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Ma) after a TBI may play an important role in preserving the blood–brain barrier (BBB), reducing brain edema, and interacting with resident microglia. To elucidate the role of circulating Mo/Ma, we utilized a monocyte/macrophage depletion model in response to TBI in male rats. Clodronate liposomes (CL) were used to deplete circulating Mo/Ma. A controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model was used to create a TBI. All animals received either CL or PBS liposomes (PL), 48 and 24 hr prior to the procedure, and were sacrificed 72 hr post‐injury for analysis of BBB permeability, brain edema, whole blood (Mo/Ma and granulocytes), and/or microglial analysis. Animals undergoing Mo/Ma depletion with CL prior to CCI (CCI‐CL) were found to have increased BBB permeability when compared to non‐depleted CCI (CCI‐PL) animals. At 72 hr following injury, Sham‐CL maintained on average an 82% reduction in the whole blood monocytes when compared to Sham‐PL (p < 0.001). Monocytes in the whole blood remained significantly lower in CCI‐CL animals when compared to CCI‐PL (p < 0.001). The number of granulocytes in the whole blood of CCI‐CL animals was higher at 3 days when compared to CCI‐PL (p < 0.022). Surprisingly, the depletion of Mo/Ma did not affect brain edema. However, the depletion of Mo/Ma did result in a significant decrease in microglia (CCI‐CL vs. CCI‐PL, p < 0.012). In conclusion, an intact Mo/Ma population is required to repair BBB integrity and microglial response following injury.