bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organosolv pretreated beech wood as a substrate for acetone butanol ethanol extractive fermentation
Authors: González-Peñas Helena , Lú-Chau Thelmo A. , Botana Nicolás , Moreira María Teresa , Lema Juan M. , Eibes Gemma 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation has a high potential for industrial application in lignocellulose-based biorefinery. Nevertheless, strong end-product inhibition is a severe limitation of this process, which can be partially solved by in situ product recovery techniques, such as extractive fermentation. In this work, the hydrolyzed cellulose from organosolv pre-treated beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was fermented by Clostridium beijerinckii CECT 508 and compared with synthetic P2 medium in conventional and extractive fermentation processes. The conventional control fermentation yielded 9.12 g l−1 of ABE with C. beijerinckii CECT 508, while ABE overproduction of 40% was observed with cellulose hydrolysate as a substrate. After extractive batch fermentation based on 2-butyl-1-octanol as extractant, the final ABE titer was doubled in the P2 control medium over the conventional batch, with respective increases of 50, 190, and 140% for butanol (B), acetone (A) and ethanol (E). In the case of ABE as a hydrolysate medium, the total production increased by 10% with liquid extraction, while mainly B was responsible for this improvement. The total productivity was nevertheless gradually decreased in extractive fermentation, with a significantly slower production rate and the microbial growth compared to conventional fermentation. Moreover, solvent production and sugar consumption stopped, although the aqueous B concentration was below the inhibition threshold. The mid-term toxicity of the extraction solvent 2-butyl-1-octanol seems responsible for these results and this issue should be considered in future research.
ScaDS Dresden/Leipzig – A competence center for collaborative big data research
Authors: Jäkel René , Peukert Eric , Nagel Wolfgang E. , Rahm Erhard 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The efficient and intelligent handling of large, often distributed and heterogeneous data sets increasingly determines the scientific and economic competitiveness in most application areas. Mobile applications, social networks, multimedia collections, sensor networks, data intense scientific experiments, and complex simulations nowadays generate a huge data deluge. Nonetheless, processing and analyzing these data sets with innovative methods open up new opportunities for its exploitation and new insights. Nevertheless, the resulting resource requirements exceed usually the possibilities of state-of-the-art methods for the acquisition, integration, analysis and visualization of data and are summarized under the term big data. ScaDS Dresden/Leipzig, as one Germany-wide competence center for collaborative big data research, bundles efforts to realize data-intensive applications for a wide range of applications in science and industry. In this article, we present the basic concept of the competence center and give insights in some of its research topics.
Law and the Economy: An Introduction to Coasian Law and Economics
Authors: Wang Ning 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ronald Coase was a founding father of modern law and economics. Yet, Coase distanced himself from the economic analysis of law, which today dominates the law and economics scholarship, and proposed an alternative research program, which is referred to here as “law and the economy”. As market transaction presumes the delineation of rights, which are primarily defined and enforced by law, law obviously anchors the foundation of a market economy. Moreover, changes in the legal system are a main source of institutional change that reassigns rights and redraws constraints under which rights are exercised, thus fundamentally affecting transaction costs and how the economy works. “Law and the economy” recognizes the law as an integral part of the economy and calls for the study of the economic impact of law.
Privacy, Interests, and Inalienable Rights
Authors: Moore Adam D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Some rights are so important for human autonomy and well-being that many scholars insist they should not be waived, traded, or abandoned. Privacy is a recent addition to this list. At the other end of the spectrum is the belief that privacy is a mere unimportant interest or preference. This paper defends a middle path between viewing privacy as an inalienable, non-waivable, non-transferrable right and the view of privacy as a mere subjective interest. First, an account of privacy is offered that clarifies the concept and demonstrates how privacy is directly related to human health and well-being. Second, along with considering and rejecting several accounts for why privacy might be considered an inalienable right, an argument is offered for why it is morally permissible to waive, transfer, abandon, or alienate privacy.
Being Realistic about International Trade Justice
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current philosophical debate on just international trade has moved away from purely idealistic theorizing into the direction of non-ideal theory. At the same time most philosophical thought on just trade is still rather idealistic and the main argument of the paper is that some philosophical reasoning about international trade justice should be more realistic. The paper develops in three steps. In a first step I will give a short overview over normative questions that arise with respect to international trade. I will then highlight a proposal brought forward by Leif Wenar, because he is aware of the realist challenge and tries to counter it. In a second step I will discuss why it is important to integrate a realist perspective into philosophical considerations of international trade justice. Trade agreements are embedded in political contexts that influence the normative perspective one should take on trade justice. This leads to the third part of the article, where I will explore how a realist approach can go along with more idealistic perspectives, which leads to a weakly realist perspective on trade justice.
Improved dispersibility of once-dried cellulose nanofibers in the presence of glycerol
Authors: Moser Carl , Henriksson Gunnar , Lindström Mikael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To investigate the dispersibility of dried cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), various additions (glycerol, octanol, glycol, and sodium perchlorate) were added to CNFs prior to drying. Glycerol was the only species to show any significant effect on re-dispersibility. The sedimentation was slower, and the transmittance of the solution was comparable to that of its undried counterpart. Increasing the amount of glycerol showed a clear trend with regard to dispersibility. The mechanical properties of films were maintained for samples that were dried and redispersed in the presence of glycerol.
Diabetic ketoacidosis following PEG-asparaginase therapy
Authors: Ahmad Miriam Hinaa , Shafiq Ismat 
Published: November 2018

Summary
We report a case of a 21-year-old African American female with history of pre-diabetes, and a diagnosis of a rare leukemia, blastic-plasmacytoid dendritic neoplasm (BPDCN), who developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after the third dose of PEG-asparaginase infusion. She was successfully treated with insulin. Asparaginase is a vital part of treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Asparaginase therapy has been reported to cause hyperglycemia especially when used in conjunction with glucocorticoids for the treatment of ALL in the pediatric population. Multiple mechanisms for hyperglycemia have been hypothesized which include decreased insulin secretion, impaired insulin receptor function and excess glucagon formation. Hyperglycemia is usually self-limiting but can deteriorate to diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is a rare adverse effect with asparaginase therapy with an incidence rate of about 0.8%.

Learning points:

DKA is a rare finding following asparaginase therapy.

Hyperglycemia is most commonly seen with asparaginase treatment when used along with glucocorticoid.

Frequent blood glucose monitoring and prompt initiation of insulin treatment with hyperglycemia can prevent severe complications.

Patients and physician education on this complication can reduce morbidity due to DKA.
Long-term complications in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism: a cross-sectional study
Authors: David K , Moyson C , Vanderschueren D , Decallonne B 
Published: November 2018

Objective
Chronic hypoparathyroidism and its treatment may lead to symptoms and complications affecting quality of life. We determined complications in chronic hypoparathyroid patients.

Design
Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with active vitamin D supplements in a tertiary care centre during the year 2015. Primary outcome parameters were history of kidney stones and seizures and presence of renal and cerebral calcifications on imaging. Secondary outcome parameters were current symptoms of paraesthesia/cramps, hospitalization due to hyper/hypocalcaemia and hypercalciuria.

Subjects
One hundred and seventy patients were included – 143 (84%) with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PSHP), 16 (9%) with non-surgical hypoparathyroidism (NSHP) and 11 (7%) with pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (PHP).

Results
History of kidney stones and seizures was present in 15 and 9% of patients, respectively. Renal and cerebral imaging was performed in 51 and 26% of the patients, with 22 and 25% of these patients having renal and cerebral calcifications respectively. Both history of seizures and cerebral calcifications were significantly more in NSHP and PHP than in PSHP patients. No association was observed between seizures and cerebral calcifications. Cramps/paraesthesia were present in 16%, and hospitalization related to hypocalcaemia was reported in 5% of the patients. Calciuria was screened in 47% at the time of consultation, and in 76% of the patients during the past 5 years. In 36% of these patients, calciuria was increased.

Conclusions
Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism frequently develop ectopic calcifications. Non-surgical patients suffer more from seizures and cerebral calcifications than patients that developed hypoparathyroidism post surgery. There is a need for increased screening of long-term complications, according to the guidelines.
The current landscape of European registries for rare endocrine conditions
Authors: Ali S R , Bryce J , Cools M , Korbonits M , Beun J G , Taruscio D , Danne T , Dattani M , Dekkers O M , Linglart A , Netchine I , Nordenstrom A , Patocs A , Persani L , Reisch N , Smyth A , Sumnik Z , Visser W E , Hiort O , Pereira A M , Ahmed S F , _ _ 
Published: November 2018

Objective
To identify cross-border international registries for rare endocrine conditions that are led from Europe and to understand the extent of engagement with these registries within a network of reference centres (RCs) for rare endocrine conditions.

Methods
Database search of international registries and a survey of RCs in the European Reference Network for rare endocrine conditions (Endo-ERN) with an overall response rate of 82%.

Results
Of the 42 conditions with orphacodes currently covered within Endo-ERN, international registries exist for 32 (76%). Of 27 registries identified in the Orphanet and RD-Connect databases, Endo-ERN RCs were aware of 11 (41%). Of 21 registries identified by the RC, RD-Connect and Orphanet did not have a record of 10 (48%). Of the 29 glucose RCs, the awareness and participation rate in an international registry was highest for rare diabetes at 75 and 56% respectively. Of the 37 sex development RCs, the corresponding rates were highest for disorders of sex development at 70 and 52%. Of the 33 adrenal RCs, the rates were highest for adrenocortical tumours at 68 and 43%. Of the 43 pituitary RCs, the rates were highest for pituitary adenomas at 43 and 29%. Of the 31 genetic tumour RCs, the rates were highest for MEN1 at 26 and 9%. For the remaining conditions, awareness and participation in registries was less than 25%.

Conclusion
Although there is a need to develop new registries for rare endocrine conditions, there is a more immediate need to improve the awareness and participation in existing registries.
Medical and Dental Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Interprofessional Clinical Education
Authors: Misra Sanghamitra M. , Adibi Shawn , Melchor Margo , Zhu Liang 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: Interest and expansion of interprofessional education (IPE) has increased tremendously over the last decade due to need and regulatory requirements. Methods: Third-year medical students and third and fourth-year dental students participated in a combined IPE experience at a dental assessment clinic. All participating students completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) Questionnaire before the session, and medical students completed an evaluation after the session. Results: All students agreed that IPE is important and needed for the development of skills, and they see benefit to shared learning. The only RIPLS question in which students did not agree was “Clinical problem solving can only be learnt effectively with students/ professionals from own school/organization.” The dental students agreed with this more than medical students (p=0.04). Age of medical and dental students was related with outcomes of RIPLS questions 2, 7, 14, and 16 (p=0.03, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively). Older participants from both schools tended not to agree with statements related to importance of working together benefiting patients, improving working relationships, welcoming the opportunity to work on small group projects with other health/social care students, and whether shared learning/practice will help clarify the nature of patients’ problems. Medical student evaluations of the dental IPE experience were very positive, and mild changes in the curriculum improved medical student perception of the experience from year 1 to 2. Conclusion: Guidelines and standardized curricula could help medical and dental school faculty create clinically appropriate and effective IPE interactions for learners of all ages.
EMISSÕES DE GEE RELACIONADAS À BIOMASSA NAS USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS DE TUCURUÍ E BELO MONTE: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTUITIVA COM A ENERGIA ELÉTRICA TÉRMICA
Authors: Iorio Martina , Caravaggio Nicola 
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: O Brasil, a 7ª potência econômica mundial segundo o FMI, é um dos países do mundo com a matriz energética mais limpa. Desde a década de 80, a opinião pública e os debates oficiais têm estado cada vez mais preocupados com a poluição gerada por qualquer tipo de fonte de energia e agora novos compromissos nesse sentido estão contidos no programa de aceleração do crescimento. A principal parte da produção de energia no Brasil atualmente é baseada na hidroeletricidade, mas a fonte de água está bem concentrada, especialmente na região amazônica, e o impacto da hidroeletricidade não é tão conhecido até o momento. Assim, métodos simples e novos para calcular quanta hidreletricidade está limpa são necessários. Nesse sentido, será apresentado um método baseado na avaliação das emissões de GEE de Tucuruí e Belo Monte (dois dos principais projetos em todo o País). Todo resultado tem que ser comparado com o desempenho de outra fonte de energia que possa, na verdade, representar uma alternativa (a termoeletricidade na Amazônia), enfrentando também o desafio da crescente demanda de energia por diversificar a matriz energética. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Emissões de GEE, Hidroelétricas, Termoelétricas.
A szavaktól a történetekig
Authors: Murányi Sarolta 
Published: November 2018

Az kommunikáció minősége szorosan összefügg a tanulmányaink, a munkánk és a kapcsolataink sikerességével. Nyelvi kompetenciánk észrevétlenül is meghatározza életünket, eredményeinket, ez alapján értékelnek bennünket. A dolgozat alapját jelentő vizsgálat az óvodáskori történetmesélés sajátosságait mutatja be; azt, hogy mennyire gördülékeny, önálló a szövegalkotás ebben a korosztályban. A szövegek vizsgálata során más tudományos munkákból már ismert elemzési szempontok mellett néhány új szempont is helyet kapott a kutatásban. Az eredmények alapján arra lehet következtetni, hogy ezt, az életünket hosszú távon befolyásoló kompetenciát már óvodáskorban is célzottan szükséges fejleszteni. A fejlesztés előkészítheti a későbbi fogalmazástanítás, az önálló szövegalkotás sikerességét, és nem utolsósorban önbizalmat, magabiztosságot adhat felnőttkorban is a kommunikációs helyzetekben.
Evaluation of Agronomic and Economic Performance of Controlled and Slow‐Release Nitrogen Fertilizers in Two Rice Cropping Systems
Authors: Mi Wenhai , Gao Qiang , Guo Xiaogang , Zhao Haitao , Xie Bin , Wu Lianghuan 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
The mixed treatment increased rice grain yield, recovery efficiency of N, and net profit to different extents in two rice cropping systems.
No significant differences in agronomic performance between urea formaldehyde and common urea.
Urea formaldehyde provides little economic benefit to rice production.
This study investigated the agronomic and economic efficiency of urea formaldehyde (UF) and a mixture of controlled‐release and common urea (CU) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Two 3‐yr field experiments were conducted in Jinhua, China, via four treatments: no N fertilization, split applications of CU, a single UF application, and a mixed treatment comprising a polymer coating of sulfur‐coated urea (PSCU) and CU. The mixed treatment led to significantly higher grain yields by 4.7 to 12.2 and 5.7 to 8.9% for late and single rice, respectively, than those in the CU treatment. The UF treatment had small to nonsignificant improvements (0.2–2.3% for late rice; 1.7–4.3% for single rice) in grain yield relative to the CU treatment. The recovery efficiency of N (REN) in the mixed treatment was enhanced by 4.8 to 32.9% in early rice, 29.2 to 67.6% in late rice, and 13.1 to 21.2% in single rice. The mixed treatment resulted in significantly higher soil NH4+–N concentrations during the tillering to heading stage for both cropping systems. The net profit was US$111 to 257 ha−1 higher than under the CU treatment. However, a single application of UF did not substantially increase net profit (US$17–47 ha−1) in early rice and single rice and decreased the profit (US$17 ha−1) in late rice, relative to the CU treatment. Overall, the mixture of PSCU and CU could be a promising alternative as a controlled‐release N fertilizer for sustainable increases in rice grain yield, REN, and net profit.
Selecting Traits to Reduce Seasonal Yield Variation of Summer Maize in the North China Plain
Authors: Fang Qin , Zhang X. Y. , Chen S. Y. , Shao L. W. , Sun H. Y. , Yan Z. Z. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Seasonal yield variation was up to 47 and 42% under deficit and full irrigation, respectively.
Seed weight was the main yield component affecting the annual yield variation.
Diurnal temperature range and daily reference ET were positively related to grain yield during grain‐fill.
Smaller upper‐leaf angle, more aboveground biomass, high harvest index, and early tasseling were desirable traits.
Due to the short growth duration of summer maize, which is planted after winter wheat harvest to form the annual double cropping system in the North China Plain (NCP), maize yield is significantly affected by weather conditions. This study examined the seasonal yield variation and the effects of weather factors on yield and yield components of summer maize under full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI) conditions during 2008 to 2016 using a local popular cultivar ‘Zhengdan 958’. In addition, eight cultivars in 2010 to 2012 and 16 cultivars in 2013 to 2016 were tested to examine crop responses to weather factors. Results indicated that seasonal yield variation was up to 47% of the average yield of the nine seasons. Grain kernel weight was the main yield component affecting annual yield variation under FI. Further analysis showed that daily maximum temperature (Tmax), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were each positively related to grain kernel weight from blister stage to maturity. Results from the cultivar tests showed that the yield difference among the cultivars was up to 35% of the average grain yield. Selecting cultivars with higher yield potential in each season could decrease the seasonal yield variation up to 32%. Cultivars with smaller leaf angle of upper leaves, higher final aboveground biomass, higher harvest index, and an earlier tasseling date would likely lead to more stable, higher yields for short season maize in the NCP.
Seeding Rate and Fertility Effects on AC Saltlander Forage Production on Saline Soils
Authors: Gu Chen , Iwaasa Alan D. , Wall Ken , Gatzke Craig , Zhao Mengli 
Published: November 2018

Core IdeasAC Saltlander green wheatgrass is a new salinity tolerant cool season grass.Proper seeding rate is effective to save costs and suppress foxtail barley.The optimal seeding rate is 5.6 to 11.2 kg ha−1in severe saline drylands.Large N application in severe saline soil was not beneficial over successive years.Suppressing foxtail barley by N addition in severe saline soil is not recommended.AC Saltlander green wheatgrass (Elymus hoffmanniiJensen & Asay) (ACS) was developed to tolerate moderate to severe root‐zone salinity. However, effects of seeding rate and nitrogen (N) addition on ACS forage production and suppressing foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatumL.) (FTB) weed infestation on saline environments are poorly understood. A 3‐yr experiment with four ACS seeding rates (2.8, 5.6, 11.2, and 16.8 kg ha−1pure live seed) and a 3‐yr experiment with three N levels (0, 50, and 150 kg ha−1actual N) were conducted on a severe to very severe range of saline dryland. The 5.6 and 11.2 kg ha−1ACS seeding rates had similar forage yields to the 16.8 kg ha−1seeding rate and better FTB suppress compared to the lowest seeding rate. Therefore, 5.6 kg ha−1seeding rate may be suitable under certain conditions. However, high salinity ranges and challenging environments could justify recommending the higher seeding rate. The ACS forage yields and qualities were higher in 50 and 150 kg ha−1of actual N in 2014, while yields in 2015 were only higher in 150 kg ha−1compared with the control but was similar to the 50 kg ha−1. No yield and quality differences were observed in 2016 and no FTB yield and relative yield differences were detected in each year among treatments. Therefore, a single large N fertilizer application in severe salt‐affected drylands was not beneficial over successive years compared to lower N application, and the suppression of FTB in ACS pasture by N addition is not recommended.