bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION WITH FLUORESCENT DETECTION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARVOVIRUS ENTERITIS IN CARNIVORES
Authors: Petrusha O. A. , Chernichenko T. L. , Kofiadi I. A. , Zverev V. V. , Faizuloev E. B. 
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA with real-time fluorescent detection (real-time LAMP, or RT-LAMP) on the model of carnivore parvoviruses. Materials and methods. Samples of feces, blood and swabs from the rectum of different species of predatory animals with parvovirus enteritis (n = 39) and healthy animals (n = 31), as well as laboratory strains of mink enteritis virus, were analyzed by RT-LAMP using SYTO-9 and SYTO-82 dyes. Real-time PCR was used as a reference method. Results. In our study, the LAMP method with real-time fluorescence detection (RT-LAMP) in the carnivore parvovirus enteritis model provides high analytical sensitivity (1.5×103 copies of DNA/ml), diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (up to 100% under optimal conditions). Comparison of the two intercalating dyes showed that the SYTO-82 dye provides a higher signal-to-background ratio (22.6 ± 2.1) than the SYTO-9 dye (6.3 ± 1.5) (p 0.0000001 ). At the same time, SYTO-9 dye at the sensitivity limit (10 copies of DNA) provides an increase in fluorescence in the reaction mixture 13 minutes earlier than for SYTO-82 (23 and 36 minutes, respectively). Conclusion. RT-LAMP is a promising method for rapid and highly sensitive «point-of-care» diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as in conditions of livestock farms or in field conditions.
Non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor, isolated in the territory of Russia: molecular-genetic peculiarities and pathogenic properties
Authors: Agafonova E. Yu. , Smirnova N. I. , Alkhova Zh. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Livanova L. F. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative analysis of the sequenced on our own effort genomes of non-toxigenic strains with different set of pathogenicity genes and assessment of their virulence on the model of intestinal inoculation of newborn rabbits. Materials and methods. Whole-genome DNA sequencing of 26 strains was carried out using semiconductor sequencing technology. Haemolysin and hemagglutinin-protease production was evaluated applying conventional methods. Virulence of the strains for newborn rabbits was determined through intraluminal inoculation at the dose of 107 CFU/ml. Results. On the basis of whole genome analysis of ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA- non-toxigenic strains, differences in composition and structure stability of mobile elements associated with pathogenicity have been identified. Significant differences in nucleotide sequences of hlyA, hapA, and rtxA genes, encoding production of additional pathogenicity factors, have also been detected. The paper provides the results of assessment of their phylogenetic relations. Experiments on animal models have confirmed the inability of non-toxigenic ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA- strains to cause the development of typical cholera infection. Conclusion. New data on the genome structure of different non-toxigenic strains and their phylogenetic relations have been obtained. Based on the results of inoculation of animal models with cells of non-toxigenic strains with the studied genome the inference is drawn on their inability to cause the development of typical cholera infection.
Influence of bacteriophages on sensitivity of conditionally pathogenic bacteria to antibacterial prepar ations
Authors: Vakarina A. A. , Kataeva L. V. , Stepanova T. F. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of the influence of bacteriophages on the formation of resistance of opportunistic bacteria to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. The sensitivity of 108 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to the staphylococcus bacteriophage, 97 strains of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella to the bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent, and also to antibacterial preparations before and after interaction with a specific bacteriophage has been studied. Results. The sensitivity of S. aureus bacteria to the staphylococcus bacteriophage was 66.7%, the lytic activity of the Klebsiella bacteriophage was polyvalent for strains of the Klebsiella genus, 83.5%. A decrease in the number of sensitive and moderately resistant strains of S. aureus to antibacterial drugs after interaction with a specific bacteriophage has been reported. The number of bacteria sensitive to antibiotics of the genus Klebsiella increased under the influence of the Klebsiella bacteriophage. Conclusion. The results of the study testify to the multidirectional influence of bacteriophages on the antibiotic susceptibility of opportunistic cultures and the need for additional study of this issue with the help of modern molecular genetic methods of research.
Comparative study of anti-measles immunity in adult population of Sochi and laboratory primates of Adler primate center
Authors: Korzaya L. I. , Dogadov D. I. , Goncharenko A. M. , Lapin B. A. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative study of the level of anti-measles immunity in monkeys of the Primate Center , colony service staff and in some groups of the population of the Adler region. Materials and methods. In this study 1077 sera have been investigated : 354-from humans and 723-from monkeys. Commercial test systems were used to determine IgG and IgM antibodies to measles virus by IEA (immune enzyme analysis). Results. An extremely low degree of anti-measles immunity among monkeys of different species of the Adler Primate Center (10,2±1,4%) at the expense of the individuals born before 1993 was revealed. In cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from Vietnam and the Republic of Mauritius in 2015-2017 the rate of detection of anti-IgG varied from 2.3% to 57.5%. Anti-IgM was no detected. The rate of anti — measles immunity in the adult population was generally below normal (86.4±1.8%), but varied in different groups (57.8-100%). A significant difference was found (p≤0.05) not only in the percentage of individuals with the immunity to measles virus among persons aged 18-35 compared with persons aged 36-75 years (73.6±3.5% and 96.9±1.2%, respectively), but also in the average antibody titers (1.34±0.26 IU/ml and 2.92±0.24 IU/ml, respectively). The lowest percentage of seropositive individuals (57.8±6.2%) and antibody levels (0.97±0.21 IU/ml) were observed in a group of students (18-25 years old). Conclusion. The presence of individuals (26.4%) seronegative to the measles virus among young people aged 18-35 years supports the necessity of vaccination against measles. The emergence of a source of infection among nonimmune monkeys (89.8%) born after 1992 may lead to an outbreak of measles.
Low cost MFC control unit using microcontoller
Authors: Espindola Paulo R , Aquino Mariana L , Cena Cicero R , Alves Diego C B , Reis Diogo D , Goncalves Alem-Mar B 
Published: September 2019

In this paper we present a compact and low cost solution to set up and to monitor an electronic Mass Flow Controller (MFC) using an Arduino microcontroller. Usually, MFCs can find a great demand at materials science laboratories, mainly in techniques which requires a precise gas flow control, such as synthesis of thin films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The control unit produced is presented in details by using schematic diagrams of the circuit and a detailed configuration for connect the controller to the MFC are presented. The control unit is also capable to work with two Mass Flow Controllers (MFCs) simultaneously at manual and remote (via computer software) regime. The source code is quite simple and allows the user easily modify parameters as type of gas and flux capacity of the controllers. Although the low resolution of ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) (10 bits) and DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) (using PWM - “Pulse Width Modulation”, 8 bits), the flux can be adjusted in steps of 0.4 % and 1.5 % of the total flux, respectively, which is very satisfactory for practical purposes. Finally, the operation tests were taken by using Argon (Ar) gas, and great accordance between the set point flow and the MFC measured flow was found.
The impact of orthopedic surgery on parents of children affected by cerebral palsy: a preliminary study in Greece
Authors: Tsibidaki Assimina , Tsibidakis Haridimos , Tsamparli Anastasia , Kotzia Doxa , Panou Artemisia 
Published: September 2019

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a serious disorder with an important impact not only on the affected person but also on parents and the entire family. CP children often undergo surgery with long stay hospitalization.
Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the impact of orthopedic surgery on parents of children affected by cerebral palsy in Greece.
Materials and methods: The semi-structured interviews of 80 parents (40 fathers and 40 mothers) of nuclear and intact families were collected. All parents were of Greek nationality, belonged to the middle socio-economic class and had at least one child affected by CP candidate to orthopedic surgery.
Results: The majority of parents’ perception was that CP is a condition requiring special education, need for specialized services and a medical problem that affects the entire family. Their expectations after orthopedic surgery were focused mainly on child’s healing and hope to have a “healthy” child, while expectations from future surgery were focused on improving child’s quality of life, movement and gait.
Conclusions: Parents of CP children have different perceptions of the clinical condition and a variety of expectations about orthopedic surgery and its outcomes.
Myopic Phakic STAAR Collamer Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses for Keratoconus
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Palacios Ana , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of myopic phakic posterior chamber Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) to correct myopia associated with keratoconus.

Methods
In a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series, outcomes in 25 consecutive keratoconus eyes of 16 patients, myopia from −3.00 to −18.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism from −0.50 to −3.00 D, were analyzed 12 months after implantation of myopic ICLs (STAAR Surgical). All eyes showed best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) ⩾20/50, central keratometric values ⩽52.00 D, and refractive cylinder ⩽3.00 D. Myopic ICL implantation was performed through a corneal incision in the steepest meridian.

Results

The mean uncorrected visual acuity and BSCVA after ICL implantation were 0.17±0.19 and 0.12±0.12 logMAR, respectively. The efficacy index was 0.98. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of visual acuity, 2 eyes lost 1 line, 18 eyes did not change after surgery, and 5 eyes gained 1 or more lines. The safety index was 1.05. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after ICL implantation was statistically significantly better than preoperative BSCVA (
P
=.0021). Spherical equivalent refraction was within ±1.00 D of the desired refraction in all cases and 84% of cases were within ±0.50 D. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −0.32±0.55 D at 12 months.

Conclusions

Myopic ICL implantation was a safe, effective, and predictable procedure for the correction of myopia associated with keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:867–874.]
Comparison of Flap Adhesion Strength Using the Amadeus Microkeratome and the IntraLase iFS Femtosecond Laser in Rabbits
Authors: Knorz Michael C. , Vossmerbaeumer Urs 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To compare adhesion strength of flaps created with a mechanical microkeratome and the IntraLase femtosecond laser as well as to analyze the effect of different side-cut configurations.

Methods
A flap was created in four groups of New Zealand white rabbits—microkeratome group (Amadeus II microkeratome, Ziemer Group AG [5 eyes; 9-mm suction ring and 140-µm head]), and three IntraLase groups (IntraLase iFS 150 kHz femtosecond laser, AMO Inc [9-mm diameter and 120-µm flap each]): normal energy side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 70°, side-cut energy 0.8 µJ); high energy side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 70°, side-cut energy 1.6 µJ); and inverted side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 140°, side-cut energy 0.8 µJ). Flap adhesion strength was measured 75 days after surgery using a tension meter to dehisce the flaps.

Results

In the microkeratome group, mean force was 210±89
g
(range: 151 to 360
g
); 492±46
g
(range: 439 to 540
g
) in the normal energy side-cut group; 444±13
g
(range: 426 to 455
g
) in the high energy side-cut group; and 687±105
g
(range: 552 to 797
g
) in the inverted side-cut group. Differences between the microkeratome and all IntraLase groups were highly significant (
P
=.001), and differences between the inverted side-cut group and the standard 70° side-cut groups were statistically significant (
P
=.01).

Conclusions

Flap adhesion is significantly stronger with the IntraLase femtosecond laser than with the Amadeus mechanical microkeratome, and an inverted side-cut increases flap adhesion significantly compared with a standard side-cut. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:875–878.]
Measurement of LASIK Flap Thickness With Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Cheng Arthur C.K. , Ho Thomas , Lau Silvania , Wong Amy L. , Leung Chris , Lam Dennis S.C. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To assess the interobserver variability and agreement of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the measurement of LASIK flap thickness, and to compare the results with intraoperative ultrasound pachymetry measurements.

Methods
Thirty-nine eyes of 20 consecutive patients undergoing LASIK with the XP microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb) and ALLEGRETTO Eye-Q laser system (Wave-Light Inc) had corneal flap thickness measured with SP-100 ultrasound (Tomey Corp) intraoperatively and with OCT (Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc) postoperatively. Interobserver assessment was performed by comparing the flap thickness measurements obtained from the same scan by 2 masked, independent observers. Agreement of OCT scan was determined by assessment of 2 different scans of the same eye by the same observer.

Results

Mean (±standard deviation) flap thickness measured by ultrasound, OCT scan 1 (OCT 1-1) and scan 2 (OCT 1-2) assessed by observer 1, and OCT scan 1 (OCT 2-1) and scan 2 (OCT 2-2) assessed by observer 2 were 112.79±19.71, 124.69±17.02, 127.59±17.32, 130.59±20.34, and 133.74±19.70 µm, respectively. No statistically significant difference among the interobserver measurements was seen. The difference between OCT and ultrasound measurements by observers 1 and 2 was statistically significant (
P
<.01). Correlation among all measurements was statistically significant. Good agreement among the OCT scans was noted.

Conclusions

Optical coherence tomography showed good correlation among measurements and observers for different OCT measurements in the assessment of corneal flap thickness after LASIK. However, OCT significantly overestimated flap thickness when compared to ultrasound despite a good correlation between these two modalities. Optical coherence tomography measurements should not be substituted for standad ultrasound measurements at the present time. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:879–884.]
Application of the Polychromatic Defocus Transfer Function to Multifocal Lenses
Authors: Schwiegerling Jim , Choi Junoh 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To model the performance of multifocal lenses in polychromatic lighting.

Methods
The defocus transfer function (DTF) is a mathematical technique for illustrating the optical transfer function for all levels of defocus at a given wavelength. A polychromatic version of the DTF is developed that accounts for changes in cutoff frequency, reduction in diffraction efficiency, ocular chromatic aberration, and photoreceptor spectral sensitivity. The differences between the monochromatic and polychromatic DTF are illustrated with a diffractive multifocal intraocular lens.

Results
Polychromatic analysis shows an increase in depth of field of diffractive lenses relative to assessment at a single wavelength.

Conclusions

The polychromatic DTF is a useful tool for analyzing presbyopia treatments under “white-light” viewing conditions and provides feedback to lens designers on anticipated performance. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:965–969.]
Where is the Optimum Far-point for a Presbyopic Eye?
Authors: Thibos Larry N. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To resolve the presbyope's dilemma by determining the optimum location of the far-point that maximizes depth-of-field for reading printed text.

Methods
Geometrical optical analysis of defocused retinal images was used to compute the size of retinal blur circles relative to object size. Functional consequences of changes in viewing distance, pupil diameter, and far-point location were assessed using the blur ratio concept. Depth-of-field was specified by the ratio of the maximum distance to the minimum distance for which printed text of a given size is legible.

Results
For the emmetropic patient, text that is legible at one viewing distance remains legible at all shorter distances. Conversely, text that is illegible at one distance is illegible at all distances. For myopic (or undercorrected) patients, the location of the far-point determines the center of the depth-of-field, but not its size. The depth-of-field is shown numerically and analytically to be given by the approximate formula: log(far distance/near distance) = 0.174* blur ratio threshold* letter height/pupil diameter.

Conclusions

Location of the far-point is a free parameter that can be adjusted to suit a patient's needs without affecting depth-of-field. This suggests a theoretically based clinical strategy for presbyopic refractive correction that takes account of reading needs, pupil size, text size, and habitual reading distance for the benefit of the presbyopic patient. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:970–975.]
Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity With the Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens for High Myopia
Authors: Yamaguchi Takefumi , Negishi Kazuno , Kato Naoko , Arai Hiroyuki , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the factors affecting postoperative visual function in eyes with Artisan phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs).

Methods:
This study examined a retrospective non-comparative case series. Phakic IOLs were implanted in 60 eyes of 36 patients with high myopia. Contrast sensitivity for spatial frequencies of 1.1, 1.7, 2.6, 4.2, 6.6, and 10.4 cycles per degree with and without glare and wavefront aberrations were measured before and 3 months after surgery. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated from the contrast sensitivity. Stepwise regression analysis was used to assess the factors that affected the postoperative AULCSF.

Results:

No significant difference was noted between the preoperative AULCSF without glare and the postoperative AULCSF without glare (
P
=.886). The mean AULCSF with glare improved significantly after surgery (
P
=.018). The variables affecting the postoperative AULCSF without glare were axial length (partial regression coefficient B=−0.101,
P
=.0002) and age (B=−0.008,
P
=.0063). The variables affecting the postoperative AULCSF with glare were axial length (B=−0.127,
P
<.0001) and age (B=−0.012,
P
=.0294). The preoperative refraction showed multicollinearity with the axial length, and coma-like aberration and spherical aberration showed multicollinearity with age.

Conclusions:
Contrast sensitivity without glare was the same before and after surgery and contrast sensitivity with glare improved after surgery. Longer axial length and older age predispose patients to degradation of the postoperative visual function in eyes with Artisan PIOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:25–32.]
LASIK for Hyperopic Astigmatism and Presbyopia Using Micro-monovision With the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 Platform
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Couch Darren G. , Archer Timothy J. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the monocular and binocular outcomes of LASIK for a micro-monovision protocol for the correction of hyperopic astigmatism and presbyopia.

Methods:
A prospective non-comparative case series included 258 eyes of 129 consecutive patients with hyperopic astigmatism and presbyopia who were treated with LASIK-induced micro-monovision. The CRS-Master software was used to generate ablation profiles for the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 excimer laser. The target refraction was plano for distance eyes (dominant eye) and between −1.00 and −1.50 diopters (D) for near eyes. Patients were followed for 1 year.

Results:
Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SE) correction was +2.54±1.16 D (range: +0.25 to +5.75 D). Mean attempted cylinder was −0.52±0.49 D (range: −0.00 to −3.25 D). Median age was 56 years (range: 44 to 66 years). Median follow-up was 12.5 months (range: 3.3 months [early retreatment] to 18.2 months). The retreatment rate was 22%. Outcome measures after all treatments were as follows. Mean deviation from the intended SE correction was +0.09±0.48 D, with 79% of eyes within ±0.50 D and 95% within ±1.00 D. The cylinder correction ratio was 1.23±0.63 and the error ratio was 0.67±0.65. Of the distance eyes, 86% achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Binocularly, 95% of patients achieved 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Eighty-one percent of patients could read J2 and 100% could read J5. Binocularly, 95% of patients achieved 20/20 and could read J5. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. A statistically significant increase was noted in contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd), with no reduction at 12 and 18 cpd. The average change in refraction between 3 months and 1 year was +0.11±0.36 D with a change of >1.00 D in 2.6% of eyes.

Conclusions:
This hyperopic micro-monovision protocol was a well-tolerated and effective procedure for treating patients with presbyopia in moderate to high hyperopia with corrections ranging up to +5.75 D. Contrast sensitivity was improved and the distance vision of near eyes was found to contribute positively to binocular distance vision compared to distance eyes monocularly.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:37–58.]
The Use of NIDEK OPD Scan II Wavefront Aberrometry in Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Gualdi Luca , Cappello Veronica , Giordano Cristina 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To present case examples outlining the use of wavefront aberrometry for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation pre- and postoperatively.

Methods:
Twelve eyes that underwent AcrySof Toric IOL (Alcon Inc Laboratories) implantation were assessed pre- and postoperatively using the NIDEK OPD Scan II (NIDEK Co Ltd). Wavefront aberrometry, corneal topography, and objective visual quality were measured using the OPD Scan II with OPD-Station software. The internal and corneal aberrations were evaluated separately to determine whether the source of astigmatism was corneal, internal, or a combination of both.

Results:
All IOLs were implanted using a 2.75-mm incision. Wavefront aberrometry was used to determine the position of the incision to minimize postoperative astigmatism. The postoperative objective visual quality and wavefront maps were used to determine the effect of residual irregular or regular astigmatism.

Conclusions:

The OPD Scan II determines whether irregular or regular astigmatism is due to the corneal surface or to the internal aberrations of the eye. The magnitude, type, and location of astigmatism can guide the proper placement of toric IOLs. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S110–S115.]