bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viktigt men inte roligt – förskollärarstudenters attityder till matematik
Authors: Berg Benita , Sundqvist Pernilla 
Published: November 2024

Tidigare forskning visar att blivande och verksamma förskollärare ofta har negativa attityder och lågt självförtroende i matematik. Dessa attityder påverkar deras undervisning och barns möjligheter att lära sig. Förskollärarutbildningen behöver adressera studenternas attityder och främja positiva attityder gentemot matematik. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka blivande förskollärares attityder mot matematik, hur dessa förändras under utbildningen och vilka faktorer i utbildningen som påverkar förändringarna. Studenter i tre stadier av programmet deltar – i termin 1, termin 3 och termin 5. En tvådimensionell definition av attityd anammas och en kortversion av Attitudes Towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) används tillsammans med öppna frågor och intervjuer. Resultaten visar att studenternas attityder är negativa i den affektiva komponenten men neutrala till positiva i den kognitiva komponenten. De flesta studenterna i termin 5 upplever en positiv förändring i attityd under utbildningen på grund av positiva och tillgängliga lärare, ökad kunskap om matematik i förskolan samt utvecklad ämneskunskap vilket de får ”kvitto” på när de klarat ämnestentamen.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Important but Not Fun – Prospective Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Mathematics
Previous research shows that many prospective and early childhood teachers have negative attitudes and low self-confidence in mathematics. These negative attitudes affect their teaching and children’s opportunities to learn mathematics. It is crucial that early childhood teacher education (ECTE) address students’ attitudes and work to promote positive attitudes towards mathematics. The aim of this study is to investigate prospective teachers’ attitudes towards mathematics, whether and how their attitudes change during ECTE and what might cause the changes. Students in three stages of the program participate – in semester 1, semester 3 and semester 5. A two-dimensional definition of attitude is adopted and a short version of the Attitudes Towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) is used together with open-ended questions and interviews. The results show that the students’ attitudes are negative within the affective component and neutral to positive within the cognitive component. Most of the students in semester 5 experience a positive change in attitude during education due to positive and accessible teachers, increased knowledge of what mathematics in preschool can be and developed subject knowledge.
Midtveis i utdannignsløpet - barnehagelærerstudenters erfaringer med sammenheng og profesjonsinnretting
Authors: Nesset Grete Heidi , Tollnes Inger Johanne , Eik Liv Torunn 
Published: November 2024

I denne studien undersøker vi studenters erfaringer med sammenheng og profesjonsinnretning i barnehagelærerutdanningen ved Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge (USN). Siden de nasjonale retningslinjene for utdanningen ble innført i 2012, er det ved USN gjort endringer underveis i organisering og sammensetning av fag og kunnskapsområder i bachelorprogrammet. Artikkelen bygger på en delstudie som inngår i et større prosjekt om studenters erfaringer på ulike tidspunkt i utdanningen. Studien har et kvalitativ design, med individuelle intervjuer av et utvalg studenter midtveis i studiet. Funn i undersøkelsen viser at møter med sentrale begreper i ulike kunnskapsområder bidrar til å utvide forståelsen av kunnskapsområder og til å skape sammenhenger i studiets oppbygging. Studentaktive læringsformer, som gir variasjoner i undervisningen og medvirkning i læringsprosesser, trekkes fram som viktige for profesjonskvalifiseringen i utdanningen. Mestring av komplekse situasjoner erfares særlig i praksis, og slike verdifulle utfordringer kan forsterke profesjonskvalifiseringen. Studiens formål med å løfte fram studenterfaringer vil kunne være verdifulle bidrag i videre endringsarbeid i utdanningen.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Midway Through the Education Course – Kindergarten Teacher Students’ Experiences with Coherence and Professional Orientation
This study examines students’ experiences with coherence and professional orientation in early childhood education at University of South-Eastern Norway (USN). Since the national guidelines for the education was introduced in 2012, changes have been made at USN in the organisation and composition of subjects and interdisciplinary topic in the bachelor’s programme. The article is based on a sub-study that is part of a larger project on students’ experiences at different points in their education. The study has a qualitative design, with individual interviews of a sample of students midway through the programme. The findings of the survey show that encounters with key concepts in different interdisciplinary topic help to expand the understanding of interdisciplinary topic and to see connections in the structure of the programme. Student-active learning methods that result in variations in teaching and participation in learning processes, are highlighted as important premises for professional qualification in the education. Mastery of complex situations is particularly experienced in practice, and such valuable challenges can strengthen professional qualifications. The purpose of the study to highlight student experiences could be a valuable contribution to further change work in education.
Jacques Ellul’s concept of propaganda: a critical analysis
Authors: Dortseva E. V. 
Published: November 2024

The present article is devoted to a critical analysis of the concept of propaganda by the prominent French scientist Jacques Ellul, who became widely known in the Russian sociological discourse due to the word combination “sociological propaganda” incorrectly attributed to him, which in fact is an incorrectly constructed concept and in the author's original interpretation sounds like “social propaganda”.In this regard, the main goal of this article is to accurately and correctly convey the author's original views on the phenomenon of propaganda, but to systematize them in such a way that in their sum they form an integral concept of propaganda, which could find a worthy place in further sociological and political science analysis of related phenomena. For this purpose, the author, relying on the materials presented in the first chapters of J. Ellul’s work, tries to answer a group of questions. These include: what does J. Ellul understand by the phenomenon of propaganda in the most general sense? What methodological difficulties are associated with the scientific study of this phenomenon? Who is the object and who are the subjects of propaganda influence? What exactly are the tools and mechanisms that trigger the action of propaganda? What are its goals?According to J. Ellul, the author emphasizes, propaganda is a manipulation aimed at changing the worldview, indoctrination of alien ideas, indoctrination of other ideas about a particular event or about the world order as a whole, and then – to push it to action. Consequently, the most important property and result of propaganda is the separation of the thought process from action and deeds: “…one performed action makes the propaganda influence irreversible. The one who performs an act under the influence of propaganda cannot go back and become the same person”.The author considers the questions about the basis of propaganda influence to be especially significant in the concept of J. Ellul. The author considers the questions about the basis and content of propaganda, the problem of consistency in the organization of the propaganda process, its effectiveness. Noteworthy are the typologization and classification of types and varieties of propaganda according to J. Ellul, his questions about the truthfulness and scientificity of propaganda.A detailed analysis of the main provisions of the concept of J. Ellul allowed the author to substantiate. Ellul allowed the author to justify a number of critical conclusions, including excessive psychologization of the propaganda process, the inappropriateness of the thesis about the secondary nature of ideology in relation to propaganda, which functions at the practical level of its expression, as well as excessive fetishization of propaganda, which levels the influence of traditional social institutions and practices on the individual.
From the history of the Moscow Imperial University: Herrnhuters and Martinists
Authors: Perevezentsev S. V. 
Published: November 2024

The article, based on the autobiographical notes of Johann Wiegand, a member of the Gernguter community, tells about the activities of the Moscow Martinist Masons, whose center in the 1770s and 1790s was located at the then Imperial Moscow University, and with whom I. Wiegand closely communicated during his service as an extraordinary professor.The autobiographical notes of Johann Wiegand contain a lot of interesting information. Not all of this information is confirmed by other sources, however, this is exactly what makes them original.
PADAGINGAN DALAM TEKS DEWA TATWA (Perspektif Teologi Hindu)
Authors: Wedha I Wayan Putu Artha , Harsananda Hari , Suciartini Ni Nyoman Ayu 
Published: November 2024

Agama Hindu merupakan ajaran agama yang begitu kompleks yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai jenis ajaran yang begitu luas untuk dipelajari dan akan terus berkembang seiring dengan berjalanya waktu. Salah satu yang menjadi bukti kekayaan ajaran agama Hindu adalah adanya lontar-lontar yang merupakan sebuah karya sastra yang berisi akan ajaran-ajaran agama yang menjadi dasar dari pelaksanaan setiap upacara, prilaku, dan mengatur kehidupan manusia. Salah satu teks lontar yang ada adalah teks dewa tattwa yang merupakan teks yang berisikan ajaran tentang upacara mekiis, ngusaba nini, mendirikan sanggar tawang, dan padagingan pada palinggih. Palinggih dibangun dengan berbagai bentuk menyesuaikan dengan tujuan dari pembangunanya, namun tidak semua bangunan yang dibangun dapat disebutkan sebagai sebuah palinggih. Bangunan yang dapat disebut sebagai sebuah palinggih adalah bangunan yang telah melalui tahap sakralisasi dan pemberian spirit kedalam bangunan tersebut.
Teks dewa tattwa merupakan sebuah teks yang merujuk kepada teks-teks sebelumnya yakni teks widhitattwa, dan narmada tattwa. Didalamnya menjelaskan tentang bagaimana pentingnya sebuah padagingan pada sebuah bangunan palinggih. Dimana padagingan sebagai sebuah simbol dari adanya spirit dan entitas yang luar biasa yang memberikan sebuah vibrasi positif. Dalam praktiknya padagingan merupakan sebuah unsur materi yang diberikan daya untuk bisa menjadi sebuah media untuk menghubungkan antara manusia dengan Tuhan. Padagingan sendiri tersusun atas komponen-komponen yang seluruhnya bermakna sebagai sebuah simbol perwujudan yang akan saling terkait. Simbol-simbol ini disatukan menjadi sebuah satu kesatuan yang menjadi simbol akan manifestasi Tuhan yang begitu banyak yang semuanya berasal dari satu yang tidak terpikirkan. Simbol menjadi sebuah dasar keyakinan bagi masyarakat yang menganut kepercayaan tersebut. Keberadaan padagingan di luar sebagai sebuah sarana yang mendatangkan vibrasi positif juga sebagai sebuah media untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan keteguhan dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama.
Burden of nosocomial tuberculosis and effect of educational intervention on infection prevention and control among healthcare workers in Kaduna state northwest, Nigeria
Authors: Laminu Chiroma 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten leading causes of death from a single pathogen, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) affecting the lungs and other parts of the body, pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. TB is the increased rate of transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in developing nations, due to resource constrained. The study assessed the burden of nosocomial TB and the effect of educational intervention on infection prevention and control among HCWs in Kaduna State.

Material and methods:
Records of health facilities offering TB services were reviewed and cross-sectional survey designs were used to obtain pre- and post-intervention data from health workers for this study. All healthcare personnel providing TB care services in healthcare facilities across Kaduna State were included in the study population. A multi-stage purposive sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of the healthcare facilities. The educational intervention using World Health Organization guidelines on TBIC was provided among HCWs. The HCW’s knowledge of TBIC was assessed post-intervention. However, post-intervention was also conducted after 6 months to determine the effect of the training intervention. Data were collected using a checklist to determine the case fatality and incidence rate of TB. An adopted questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge on TBIC among HCWS during pre- and post-intervention. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze the data (x = 0.05).

Results:
The incidence and case fatality due to TB among HCWs in Kaduna State was 0.158% and 30%, respectively. The effect of the educational intervention was statistically significant at (0.001). Despite the low incidence of TB among HCWs, the case fatality is high among this cohort.

Conclusion:
However, educational intervention in TB infection prevention and control is effective in reducing nosocomial TB among HCWs. A prospective cohort study is recommended to document the actual TB burden among HCWs in the state.
A review of endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A two-center study
Authors: Mbang Kooffreh-Ada , Ngim Ogbu E. , Uchenna C Okonkwo , Evaristus Chukwudike , Ikobah Joanah Moses , Kelechi Uhegbu , Asa E Itam-Eyo , Benedicta A Eko , Esther I Effiong , Rowland Ndoma-Egba 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria. Endoscopy is vital for the diagnosis of UGIB. At present, there are no published data on UGIB in Cross River State, Nigeria. This study aims to report the endoscopic findings in our patients with UGIB in Calabar, Cross River State (CRS).

Material and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of patients with UGIB who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed at two health facilities in Calabar, CRS, from November 2012 to May 2024. Patients’ demographics and endoscopic findings were obtained from the endoscopy registers into a spreadsheet and analyzed statistically (using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software). Summary statistics (means ± standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables were analyzed. Categorical variables were compared for differences using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
A total of 923 EGDs were performed during the study period. 151 (16.4%) of these cases had UGIB as an indication for the procedure. There were 105 males (69.5%) and 46 females (30.5%) with a mean age of 47.5 (SD ± 17.9) years. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (gastritis and benign gastric ulcer – 68, 45%) was the main pathology found in patients, followed by bleeding esophageal varices (33, 21.9%).

Conclusion:
Endoscopy is important in the diagnosis of UGIB. PUD and bleeding esophageal varices are the leading causes of UGIB in our environment, respectively.
Оценка патентных и продуктовых портфелей фармацевтических компаний при конкурентном анализе
Authors: С. В. Кортов , А. А. Каримова , Д. Б. Шульгин , А. В. Роднин 
Published: November 2024

Высокая неопределенность среды фармацевтического рынка обосновывает актуальность использования прогностических методов анализа на основе открытых данных. Авторами предложен методический подход, предусматривающий построение патентного ландшафта в сочетании с категориальным анализом продуктового портфеля организаций. Практическая реализация предложенного подхода проиллюстрирована на примере анализа поведенческих моделей фармацевтических организаций, специализирующихся в области разработки и вывода на рынок противодиабетических препаратов. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать обоснованные выводы о моделях конкурентного поведения российских и зарубежных организаций, обладающих различной степенью локализации производственных мощностей, но специализирующихся на выводе аналогичной продукции на рынок, причем без использования коммерческих данных
The high uncertainty of the pharmaceutical market environment justifies the relevance of using predictive analysis methods based on open data. The authors propose a methodological approach that provides for the construction of the patent landscape in conjunction with a categorical analysis of the pharmaceutical organizations product portfolio. The practical implementation of the proposed approach is illustrated by analyzing behavioral models of pharmaceutical organizations specializing in the development and market launch of antidiabetic drugs. The results allow us to draw reasonable conclusions about the models of competitive behavior of Russian and foreign organizations that have different rank of production facilities localization without using commercial data
О некоторых предпосылках четвертой промышленной революции
Authors: В. П. Соловьев 
Published: November 2024

В данной статье дается характеристика некоторых социально-экономических аспектов, связанных с процессами периодических технологических преобразований. Дается расширенное толкование инноваций для экономического роста и инноваций для экономического развития. Коротко характеризуются три промышленные революции. Более подробно описывается деятельность различных типов экономических агентов, которые принимали участие в реализации основных стимулов первой промышленной революции. Высказываются предположения о предпосылках четвертой промышленной революции. Как показывает практика, закономерности экономических отношений в период первых промышленных революций соответствуют пониманию социальной и экономической целесообразности современности
This article describes some of the socio-economic aspects associated with the processes of technological transformation. An expanded interpretation of innovation for economic growth and innovation for economic development is given. Three industrial revolutions are briefly characterized. The activities of various types of economic agents that took part in the implementation of the main incentives of the first industrial revolution are described in more detail. Assumptions are made about the premises of the fourth industrial revolution. As practice shown, the patterns of economic relations in that period correspond to an understanding of the social and economic feasibility of modernity
PEST-анализ как инструмент выявления возможных отраслевых сдвигов
Authors: В. Д. Маркова 
Published: November 2024

В современной турбулентной внешней среде возрастает роль PEST-анализа, который предназначен для определения структурных сдвигов в отрасли под воздействием факторов макросреды и выявления на этой основе степени влияния заинтересованных групп, что необходимо для организации управления рисками. Однако компании практически не используют этот известный инструмент стратегического менеджмента, упуская формирующиеся тренды и возможности внешней среды. В статье обозначены методические проблемы использования PEST-анализа, выделены основные тенденции развития макросреды, на которые следует обратить внимание при проведении такого анализа. Описана организация PEST-анализа: от выявления значимых для отрасли трендов до заинтересованных в их реализации сторон с оценкой уровня заинтересованности и власти. Это позволяет системно представить возможные направления развития отрасли и создает основу для принятия обоснованных стратегических решений по развитию бизнеса
Contemporary turbulent environment is characterized by increasing role of Pest-analysis which is aimed to determine structural industrial changes as a result of macro factors influence and to indentify on this basis the level of influence of stakeholders’ groups; this is necessary for risk management organization. However companies practically don’t use this well known in-strument of strategic management missing existing trends and possibilities of external environ-ment. Methodical problems of PEST-analysis application are defined in the paper; main tenden-cies of macro environment development which should be taken into account under such analysis are highlighted. Organization of PEST-analysis is described starting from industry important trends’ indentifying including interested in their realization stakeholders with assessing of their power and motivation. As a result possible directions of industry’s development are presented in a systematic way and basis for reasonable strategic management decision making is created
Типы территориальных форм национальной инновационной системы США и их концентрация в городских агломерациях
Authors: В. Н. Минат 
Published: November 2024

На основе использования типологического подхода выделены территориальные формы национальной инновационной системы США, сформировавшиеся под воздействием определенных условий в американском социально-экономическом пространстве. Исследование территориальной структуры национальной инновационной системы США в разрезе выделенных типов инновационных комплексов показало пространственную неоднородность инновационного процесса, протекающего в стране в настоящее время, обусловленную чрезвычайно высокой степенью концентрации НИОКР в городских агломерациях Соединенных Штатов Америки. Данная структура соответствует общенациональной и региональной тенденции комплексного развития американской инновационной экономики, пространственно представленной, прежде всего, различными формами научно-производственной интеграции (университетами, исследовательскими центрами, научно-технологическими парками и т. п.), формирующими, вместе с системой агломераций, территориальный каркас каждого инновационного комплекса США
Based on the typological approach, territorial forms of the national innovation system of the United States that were formed under the influence of certain conditions in the American socio-economic space are identified. The study of the territorial structure of the national innovation system of the United States in the context of the selected types of innovation complexes has shown the spatial heterogeneity of the innovation process taking place in the country at present, due to an extremely high degree of concentration of R&D in urban agglomerations of the United States. This structure corresponds to the national and regional trend of integrated development of the American innovation economy, spatially represented, first of all, by various forms of scientific and industrial integration (universities, research centers, science and technology parks, etc.), forming, together with the system of agglomerations, the territorial framework of each us innovation complex