bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formononetin Induces Ferroptosis in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells to Attenuate Liver Fibrosis by Targeting NADPH Oxidase 4
Authors: Liu Ming‐xuan , Gu Ying‐ying , Nie Wen‐yuan , Zhu Xiao‐ming , Qi Meng‐jing , Zhao Rui‐min , Zhu Wei‐zhong , Zhang Xiao‐ling 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFerroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that exerts a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis. Formononetin (FMN), a natural isoflavone compound mainly isolated from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, shows multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and hepatoprotection. This research aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of FMN in liver fibrosis and the relationship between NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and ferroptosis. The effects of FMN on HSC ferroptosis were evaluated in rat model of CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) and deferoxamine (DFO) were used to block ferroptosis and then explored the anti‐fibrotic effect of FMN. The target protein of FMN was identified by bio‐orthogonal click chemistry reaction as well as drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift (CETSA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis. Here, we found that FMN exerted anti‐fibrotic effects via inducing ferroptosis in activated HSCs. NAC and DFO prevented FMN‐induced ferroptotic cell death and collagen reduction. Furthermore, FMN bound directly to NOX4 through possible active amino acid residues sites, and increased NOX4‐based NADPH oxidase activity to enhance levels of NADP+/NADPH, thus promoting ferroptosis of activated HSCs and relieving liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate that the direct target and mechanism by which FMN improves liver fibrosis, suggesting that FMN may be a natural candidate for further development of liver fibrosis therapy.
Co‐Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Rutin Associated With Hydroxytyrosol Recover Diabesity‐Induced Hepatic Dysfunction in Mice: In Vitro Insights Into the Synergistic Effect
Authors: Melini S. , Pirozzi C. , Lama A. , Comella F. , Opallo N. , Del Piano F. , Di Napoli E. , Mollica M. P. , Paciello O. , Ferrante M. C. , Mattace Raso G. , Meli R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMetabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and diabesity (diabetes related to obesity) are interrelated since glucose and lipid alterations play a vital role in the development of both disorders. Due to their multi‐variant metabolic features, more than one drug or natural product may be required to achieve proper therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a formulation containing co‐micronized palmitoylethanolamide and rutin (PEA‐Rut) associated with hydroxytyrosol (HT), namely NORM3, against hepatic damage and metabolic alterations in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced diabesity in mice. NORM3 decreased the body weight and fat mass of obese mice. The formulation improved HFD‐altered insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose production and metabolism, as shown by glucose, insulin, pyruvate tolerance tests, Western blot, and real‐time PCR. In the liver, NORM3 limited macro‐ and micro‐vacuolar steatosis, as revealed by morphological analysis, and reduced the associated hepatic inflammation. NORM3 counteracted lipid dysfunctions of HFD animals, activating AMPK, a key cellular energy sensor, and normalizing the expression of carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase (CPT)1, a rate‐limiting enzyme of fatty acid β‐oxidation, and other genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Relevantly, the hepatic antioxidant activity of NORM3 was proved (reduced ROS and increased detoxifying factors and enzymes). Finally, in vitro synergistic protective effects of the components (PEA‐Rut and HT) on H2O2‐induced oxidative challenge in HepG2 were determined (ROS production, inflammation, and antioxidant defense). Our results show the beneficial effect of NORM3 and its potential as an innovative phytotherapeutic combination in limiting hepatic damage progression and counteracting glucose and lipid dysmetabolism associated with diabesity.
Are holograms sculpture, or is that pile of Cola cans really art?
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Rich Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the question of what constitutes art in public and discusses the changes in the art world. Although realism has gained popularity in public spaces for a long time, critics are emerging regarding the subject of art figures. Given the rapid technological advancement, various forms of art, including AI‐programmed ones, are coming into being. The example of holography is achieving what is beyond the limits of realism. Artists have been using AI to program public installations, and the trend of using data to create sculptures has been growing, particularly among younger artists. Still, one basic question is whether the new techniques, if that is the applicable term, deserve to be included in the art panoply. The other question concerns the subjects. Using examples of artworks by famous figures including Refik Anadol, Andrew Lacey, Simon Verity, Liza Lou, Kara Walker, and Scott Burton, this discussion paper contributes to the debate on the expression of diverse art forms and how public perceptions change over time.
The four strands: A simplified approach to SLA for CLIL
Authors: Yeo Marie Alina , Newton Jonathan Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile it is widely accepted that language teachers require knowledge of second language acquisition (SLA) (Richards, 2010), what about content teachers, who are increasingly required to help develop their learners' academic language proficiency? How much do they need to know about SLA theories and how can they acquire such knowledge and expertise? This article proposes P. Nation's (2007) four strands framework as a straightforward and accessible model for content and language integrated learning (CLIL) teachers to address the challenge of balancing content and language instruction, a common concern within CLIL programs. The article begins by looking at two well‐known CLIL teacher competence frameworks. It then raises questions about the extent to which CLIL teachers need to master aspects of pedagogical content knowledge about SLA. The authors argue that while CLIL teachers do indeed need knowledge of how languages are learned and of SLA‐informed approaches to developing learners' second language (L2) proficiency, questions about just how much SLA knowledge CLIL teachers need and how they can be equipped with this knowledge remain unanswered. By delineating language learning opportunities into the four strands framework—meaning‐focused input, meaning‐focused output, language‐focused learning, and fluency development—the authors illustrate how this framework offers a practical guide for integrating language and content education effectively in CLIL and bilingual education contexts. The article ends with a presentation of three principles to help CLIL teachers achieve both the content and language teaching objectives of CLIL.
Variation in the detection of lymphovascular invasion in T1 colorectal cancer and its impact on treatment: A nationwide Dutch study
Authors: van der Schee Lisa , Verbeeck Annabelle , Deckers Ivette A. G. , Kuijpers Chantal C. H. J. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Seerden Tom C. J. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Moons Leon M. G. , Snaebjornsson Petur , Laclé Miangela M. ,   the Dutch T1 CRC Working Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLymphovascular invasion (LVI) plays an important role in determining the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and influencing treatment decisions and patient outcomes.ObjectiveThis study evaluated how the detection of LVI varies between Dutch laboratories and investigated its impact on the treatment and oncological outcomes of T1 CRC patients.MethodsPathology reports and clinical data of T1 CRC patients who underwent local resection between 2015 and 2019 were obtained from the Dutch nationwide pathology databank (Palga cohort, n = 5513). Data on the standard of LVI diagnosis (H&E/Immunohistochemistry) were not available. We categorized laboratories as low, average, or high detectors and evaluated the impact of LVI detection practice on the surgical resection rate and the proportion of LNM‐negative (LNM‐) surgeries. In the second part of the study, we used the Dutch T1 CRC Working Group cohort (n = 1268) to evaluate the impact of LVI detection practice on cancer recurrences during follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to study the association between LVI detection practice and the outcomes.ResultsIn the PALGA cohort, the proportion of surgical resections after local resection of a T1 CRC was significantly higher among patients diagnosed by laboratories with a high LVI detection rate (high vs. low: adjusted OR [aOR] 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–2.31) as was the proportion of LNM‐surgeries (aOR 1.73; 95% CI 1.39–2.15). In the second cohort, no significant difference was observed in cancer recurrences among patients diagnosed in laboratories with high detection rates compared with low detection rates (aHR 2.23; 95% CI 0.94–5.23).ConclusionThese findings suggest that a high detection rate of LVI does not improve oncological outcomes and may expose more patients to unnecessary oncological surgery, emphasizing the need for standardization of LVI diagnosis.
Solid‐phase synthesis of grafted carbon black for superior aging resistance in biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene terephthalate) composite films
Authors: Wang Ke , Sun Xiaoyan , Li Fayong , Xie Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiodegradable films mitigate plastic pollution but often lack UV‐aging resistance, shortening their lifespan. While anti‐aging additives can boost the films' durability, small molecule migration constrains the extension of their service life. This study introduces a straightforward solid‐phase reaction for producing carbon black (CB) grafted with the UV absorber UV531, termed CB‐UV531. This material was then blended with the biodegradable polymer PBAT and transformed into a film via blow molding, yielding a durable UV‐resistant biodegradable film (PBAT/CB‐UV531). This solid‐phase grafting reaction does not require any solvents, thereby reducing solvent contamination and waste, and it is simple to operate, allowing for scalable production. Compared to the unmodified CB, the obtained CB‐UV531 exhibits significantly improved thermal stability, which can effectively reduce the loss of UV531 during the subsequent high‐temperature film‐blowing process. Furthermore, the chemically bonded UV absorber on the surface of CB‐UV531, coupled with its reduced particle size, promotes enhanced dispersibility and consistent stability within the PBAT/CB‐UV531 film, markedly improving its long‐term resistance to UV aging. This method is expected to enhance the anti‐aging effects of various commercial light stabilizer additives and can be used to extend the lifespan of different biodegradable materials.Highlights
A simple solid‐phase reaction method was developed to prepare CB‐UV531.
CB‐UV531 reveals smaller size and superior dispersibility.
Biodegradable PBAT/CB‐UV531 film was prepared via a blowing process.
UV531 migration loss in PBAT/CB‐UV531 film is significantly reduced.
PBAT/CB‐UV531 film shows enhanced thermal stability and aging resistance.
Effect of intumescent flame retardants on the properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/high‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Kang Kyu‐Hyun , Kim Hyun‐Rae , Park Sangwon , Park Jong‐Seok , Hwang Daeyoung , Lee Byoung‐Min , Choi Jae‐Hak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the innovative use of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), specifically ammonium polyphosphate (APP), dipentaerythritol (DPER), and melamine cyanurate (MC), to enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/high‐density polyethylene (EVA/HDPE) blends. The blends were prepared through a melt mixing process, followed by compression molding, allowing for a thorough integration of the IFRs into the polymer matrix. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, UL‐94 vertical combustion tests, and cone calorimeter tests, were employed to evaluate the flame retardant performance of the blends. The findings reveal that the incorporation of IFRs significantly improves the flame retardant properties of the EVA/HDPE blends, achieving LOI values of 30.0% and UL‐94 ratings of V‐0 at higher IFR concentrations. This work contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of IFRs in forming a protective char layer that enhances thermal stability and reduces heat release during combustion. The study not only provides insights into the optimal formulation of EVA/HDPE blends for improved fire safety but also paves the way for the development of advanced materials suitable for applications in wire and cable insulation, where enhanced flame resistance is paramount.Highlights
Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) were incorporated to improve flame retardancy.
The effect of IFRs content was investigated.
EVA/HDPE/IFRs blends exhibited high thermal stability and flame retardancy.
Applying minirhizotrons to observe spatiotemporal variations in rooting depth and distribution in agroecosystems to improve the performance of hydrological models
Authors: Böske Lennart N. , Falge Eva , Liedtke Marco , Böttcher Christopher , Iwers‐Braden Dorothea , Meisner Heike , Herbst Mathias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo understand and explain soil moisture dynamics, the role of the vegetation is crucial. Hydrological processes in agricultural soils are strongly affected by rooting depth and root distribution. We present a new approach to monitor and model root dynamics and its influence on soil moisture using minirhizotrons combined with phenological observations. Field setups consist of a portable root scanner and acrylic glass tubes installed in the soil at the start of the growing season. 360° scans of soil and roots are taken regularly at different depths in the tubes. Root traits are identified automatically for each soil layer and complemented by observations of aboveground plant phenology. Results from minirhizotron data collected at an agrometeorological observatory in Germany show for both cereal and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) crops a higher root density in deeper soil layers and a lower density near the soil surface when compared to literature data. An opposite picture emerged for maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), whereas vertical root distribution in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) had a different seasonal course than expected from literature. Applying the new root distribution data in calculations of the soil water balance resulted in differences of more than 3% in absolute volumetric soil water content. A comparison with in situ measurements of volumetric soil moisture at 20‐ and 50‐cm depth revealed a significant improvement of the model results due to the new parameterization. Thus, we argue that minirhizotrons constitute a useful supplement to hydrological observatories and can help understand and predict soil moisture dynamics in the critical zone.
Balancing Transparency and Risk: An Overview of the Security and Privacy Risks of Open-Source Machine Learning Models
Authors: Hintersdorf Dominik , Struppek Lukas , Kersting Kristian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe field of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the widespread adoption of open-source machine learning models in both research and industry. Considering the resource-intensive nature of training on vast datasets, many applications opt for models that have already been trained. Hence, a small number of key players undertake the responsibility of training and publicly releasing large pre-trained models, providing a crucial foundation for a wide range of applications. However, the adoption of these open-source models carries inherent privacy and security risks that are often overlooked. To provide a concrete example, an inconspicuous model may conceal hidden functionalities that, when triggered by specific input patterns, can manipulate the behavior of the system, such as instructing self-driving cars to ignore the presence of other vehicles. The implications of successful privacy and security attacks encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from relatively minor damage like service interruptions to highly alarming scenarios, including physical harm or the exposure of sensitive user data. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of common privacy and security threats associated with the use of open-source models. By raising awareness of these dangers, we strive to promote the responsible and secure use of AI systems.
Thinking Outside the Box?
Authors: Ruschemeier Hannah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis legal article deals with the concept of regulatory sandboxes as part of experimental regulation to meet the challenges of digitalisation for legal regimes. It focuses on a critical analysis of the new provisions of the AI Act and their weaknesses in relation to the objectives of regulatory sandboxes to promote innovation and regulatory learning. Finally, suggestions for improvement and future areas of application are outlined.
Safer Than Perception: Increasing Resilience of Automated Vehicles Against Misperception
Authors: Fränzle Martin , Hein Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AV) rely on environmental perception to take manoeuvre decisions. Safety assurance for AV thus hinges on achieving confidence in all percepts that are safe-guarding critical manoeuvres. As the safety targets for such critical manoeuvres are considerably higher than the statistical figures for the reliability of at least current learning-enabled classification algorithms within the environmental perception, we need means for assuring that the overall system is “safer than perception” in that the frequency of erratically adopting a critical manoeuvre is considerably lower than the frequency of individual misclassifications. We present a methodology for constructively generating reformulations of guard conditions that are more resilient to misperception than the original condition. The synthesized, rephrased guard conditions reconcile a given safety target, i.e. a given a societally accepted upper bound on erratically activating a critical manoeuvre due to a false positive in guard evaluation, with maximal availability, i.e. maximal true positive rate. By synthesizing a resilient rephrasing of the guard condition, the constructive setting presented herein complements the analytical setting from a previous companion paper [6], which merely analysed a given condition for its safety under uncertain perception.
Explanation of the excesses in associated di-photon production at 152 GeV in 2HDM
Authors: Banik Sumit , Crivellin Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Statistically significant excesses exist at around 152 GeV in associated di-photon production (γγ + X) in the sidebands of SM Higgs analyses of ATLAS (using the full run-2 dataset). They are most pronounced in the single-τ, missing-transverse-energy, four-jet and ⩾ 1ℓ+ ⩾ 1b-jet channels (≈ 3σ) and can be explained by the Drell-Yan production of new Higgs bosons, i.e. pp → W*→ H±H0. We first examine the excesses in a simplified model approach, considering that H± decays to τν, WZ or tb. Both the τν and tb decay modes individually lead to a significance of ⪅ 4σ while for WZ one can obtain at most 3.5σ. This is because the decays of WZ lead to multiple leptons contributing to the two-lepton channel which does not show an excess at 152 GeV. Next, we consider two-Higgs-doublet models where the charged Higgs does not decay to WZ at tree-level, finding a significance of ⪆ 4σ for a branching ratio of the new neutral Higgs to photons of ≈2%. Even though this branching fraction is quite sizable, it can be obtained in composite models or via the Lagrangian term $${\lambda }_{6}{H}_{1}^{†}{H}_{1}{H}_{2}^{†}{H}_{1}$$ + h.c. breaking the commonly imposed Z2 symmetry.
Higgs-portal spin-1 dark matter with parity-violating interaction
Authors: Yamashita Kimiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We introduce the spin-1 U(1)X gauged field X with Z2 odd dark parity to evade the current strong constraints on kinetic mixing. Then, X becomes stable and a candidate for the dark matter. The lowest mass dimension of interaction is six, and the type is the Higgs portal. Two types of dim-6 operators are introduced. We consider the freeze-out dark matter scenario. With the limit of null momentum transfer, a parity odd operator is free from the direct detection constraints. Accordingly, the strong constraints on a parity even operator indicate turning on this parity odd operator to realize the dark matter relic density of the Universe. With the 1 TeV cut-off scale, our dark matter of around 400 GeV mass can explain the dark matter relic density and is allowed from the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment of the direct detection.
The prevalence and anatomy of recurrent artery of Heubner: a meta analysis with neurosurgical considerations
Authors: Osiowski Aleksander , Stolarz Kacper , Osiowski Maksymilian , Klepinowski Tomasz , Taterra Dominik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) is typically the largest medial lenticulostriate branch of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Neurosurgical procedures such as aneurysm treatment on the anterior part of the circle of Willis can result in damage of the RAH leading to neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to identify the gaps and provide comprehensive data on the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of the RAH with neurosurgical considerations.

Methods
The major electronic databases were thoroughly searched to identify the eligible studies. The information concerning study type, geographical origin, prevalence of the RAH, course and origin of the RAH, symmetry of origin and number of RAHs in each hemisphere, and morphometric data were extracted. The PRISMA guidelines were rigorously followed throughout the study. The AQUA tool was used to evaluate the reliability of included studies.

Results
A total of 34 studies (n = 3645 hemispheres) were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that the RAH was present in 97.5% (95%CI: 95.5–98.6) of the hemispheres, originating most frequently from the A2 segment (42.2%, 95%CI: 35.0–49.7) or the ACoA-ACA junction (41.6%, 95%CI: 34.0–49.6), and coursing anteriorly (47.6%, 95%CI: 38.7–56.6) or superiorly (43.9%, 95%CI: 34.4–53.8) in relation to ACA. Almost a quarter of patients had more than one RAH, which was on average 22.82 mm (SD: 1.35, 95%CI: 20.16–25.47; I2 = 99.1%, p < 0.01) long and reached 0.76 mm (SD: 0.05, 95%CI: 0.66–0.85; I2 = 99.4%, p < 0.01) in diameter.

Conclusions
As the RAH is present in the majority of the population, it is important to be aware of the wide variations in its anatomy. This will help to prevent postoperative neurological deficits by avoiding undesirable complications during surgeries that are performed in close proximity to the anterior segment of the circle of Willis.