bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Sedentary Behavior and Abdominal Muscle Density: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vella Chantal A. , Michos Erin D. , Sears Dorothy D. , Cushman Mary , Van Hollebeke Rachel B. , Wiest Michelle M. , Allison Matthew A. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Sedentary behaviors (SB) may exacerbate loss of muscle mass and function, independent of physical activity levels. This study examined the associations of SB with abdominal muscle area and density, a marker of muscle quality, in adults. Methods: A total of 1895 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed detailed health history, physical activity and SB questionnaires, computed tomography to quantify body composition, and measurements of inflammatory markers. Analyses included linear and nonlinear regression. Results: The mean age and body mass index were 64.6 years and 28 kg·m−2, respectively, and 50% were women. On average, participants engaged in 28 metabolic equivalent hours·week−1 of SB. With adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and inflammation, multivariable regression modeling revealed a nonlinear (quadratic) relationship between SB and locomotor, stability, and total abdominal muscle density (P < .01) but not muscle area. The SB inflection point at which locomotor, stability, and total abdominal muscle density began to decrease was 38.2, 39.6, and 39.2 metabolic equivalent hours·week−1 of SB, respectively. Conclusions: SB is associated with reduced muscle density when practiced as little as 5.5 metabolic equivalent hours·day−1. These findings may have important implications for SB guidelines for targeting skeletal muscle health in older adults.
Improving survival after an emergency resuscitative thoracotomy: a 5-year review of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Joseph Bellal , Khan Muhammad , Jehan Faisal , Latifi Rifat , Rhee Peter 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAdvancement in trauma care has led to the evolution of emergency resuscitative thoracotomy (ERT) for the revival of trauma patients. We now have more precise understanding of selecting suitable patients for achieving optimal outcomes. The aim of our study was to analyze the utilization and survival trends during the past 5 years, as well as factors that influence survival after ERT.MethodsA 5-year (2010-2014) analysis of all trauma patients ≥18 years who underwent ERT in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Outcome measures were utilization rates and survival trends after ERT during the 5-year period. Regression analysis was performed.Results2229 patients underwent ERT, mean age was 37±17 years, 81% were male. Overall 56% patients had penetrating mechanism, location of major injury was thorax in 48, and 71% had signs of life (SOL) on arrival. The overall survival rate was 9.6%. From 2010–2014 ERT utilization has decreased from 331/100 000 to 243/100 000 trauma admissions (p=0.002) and the survival rate has improved from 7.9% to 11.3% (p<0.001). On regression, the independent predictors of survival were penetrating mechanism, age<60 years, SOL on arrival, no prehospital CPR and ISS. No patient aged >60 years with a blunt mechanism of injury (MOI) survived, and there were no survivors above the age of 70 years, regardless of injury mechanism.DiscussionUtilization of ERT has been decreased during the study period along with improved survival rates. The results of our study demonstrate that performing ERT on patients aged >60 years with a blunt MOI or on any patient aged ≥70 years, regardless of MOI, is futile and should be avoided.Level of evidenceLevel III, prognostic studies.
Genetic and Modifiable Risk Factors Contributing to Cisplatin-induced Toxicities
Authors: Trendowski Matthew R. , El Charif Omar , Dinh Paul C. , Travis Lois B. , Dolan M. Eileen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Effective administration of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy is often limited by off-target toxicities. This clinical dilemma is epitomized by cisplatin, a platinating agent, which has potent antineoplastic activity due to its affinity for DNA and other intracellular nucleophiles. Despite its efficacy against many adult-onset and pediatric malignancies, cisplatin elicits multiple off-target toxicities that can not only severely impact a patient's quality of life but also lead to dose reductions or the selection of alternative therapies that can ultimately affect outcomes. Without an effective therapeutic measure by which to successfully mitigate many of these symptoms, there have been attempts to identify a priori those individuals who are more susceptible to developing these sequelae through studies of genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Older age is associated with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Traditional genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ACYP2 and WFS1 associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, validating associations between specific genotypes and cisplatin-induced toxicities with enough stringency to warrant clinical application remains challenging. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to specific adverse sequelae following cisplatin-based therapy, with a focus on ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and nausea/emesis. We discuss variables (genetic and nongenetic) contributing to these detrimental toxicities and currently available means to prevent or treat their occurrence.
Composing with Biomemristors: Is Biocomputing the New Technology of Computer Music?
Authors: Miranda Eduardo Reck , Braund Edward , Venkatesh Satvik 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Our research concerns the development of biocomputers using electronic components grown out of biological material. This article reports the development of a novel biological memristor and an approach to using such biomemristors to build interactive generative music systems. The memristor is an electronic component regarded as a resistor with memory. After an introduction to harnessing the Physarum polycephalum organism to implement biomemristors, the article presents PhyBox, a biocomputer that uses four biomemristors to generate music interactively. The resistance of a biomemristor varies as a function of the voltage that has passed through it. Music input is represented in terms of voltage transitions and music output is encoded as measurements of the current yielded by the system's memristive behavior. An example of a musical composition using PhyBox is detailed. The article concludes with a short discussion of how the combination between artificial machines and biological organisms is paving the way for the development of new technologies for music based on living processors.
Ein Ratschluss Gottes oder von Menschen?
Authors: Lanzinger Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article takes Gamaliel’s speech in Acts 5:34-39 as a test case for Luke’s use of dramatic irony, which is defined as a difference in either knowledge or comprehension between an intradiegetic narrator and the extradiegetic recipients. It is argued that the author applies this narrative tool in a very complex way to elaborate his theology of providence: Even though Gamaliel proposes the distinction between divine and human plans and activities, he does not fully grasp the meaning of his words. This encourages the readers to evaluate Gamaliel’s statement on the basis of Luke’s narrative. Hence, they are able to conclude that from a divine point of view a human action opposing God’s plan cannot actually exist because God has already foreseen this action.
The Rest of Her Offspring
Authors: Buisch Pauline Paris 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that a number of striking similarities between the expansion of Gen 3:15 found in the Palestinian Targums and the drama of Revelation 12 indicates that both are derived from the same Jewish tradition that interprets Gen 3:15 messianically. The implications of such a study are threefold. First, the primary intertext for Revelation 12 should be understood as Gen 3:15. Second, such a relationship between the New Testament and the Targumic traditions indicates that the Palestinian Targums should not be neglected in New Testament studies, as has been the recent trend. Finally, the so-called protoevangelium is ultimately a Christian adaptation of a Jewish messianic interpretation of Gen 3:15.
The Portable Archives of the Westphalian Negotiations: From Archival Arsenals to Archival Absolutism (France, Portugal, and Spain)
Authors: Montcher Fabien 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes the formation of scholar-jurists’ archives during Late Renaissance conflicts and their use by individuals and state powers. Departing from the case of the French scholar, Théodore Godefroy (1580-1649), and his role in the Peace of Westphalia (1643-1648), this article shows how scholars’ portable archives were used as archival arsenals during diplomatic negotiations, eventually leading to the adoption of a system of “archival absolutism” in France. This archival absolutism was a reaction to the fragmentation of archives that had previously fostered trans-imperial exchanges among scholars. This article also demonstrates, through the case of Godefroy’s portable archive and correspondence, how the search for political legitimacy by a “restored” monarchy—like Portugal—during a period of conflict between the chief hegemonic powers in western Europe—Spain and France—contributed to the distinct development of those states’ uses of legal experts and their archives over the course of the seventeenth century.
Nugae Theatri
Authors: Watt Caitlin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines Erasmus’ additions to the Adagia in 1533 drawn from comedic playwrights Plautus and Terence. Although Erasmus generally expressed a preference for Terence, Plautus is cited more frequently overall in the Adages and the 133 borrowings from Plautus in the 1533 additions drastically outnumber the 22 from Terence. While scholars have noted this numerical discrepancy, few have hazarded concerted attempts to explain it. This article analyzes the different Plautine and Terentian references in the additions of 1533 and reads them in the context of Erasmus’ other educational writings on classical literature and particularly on characters in comedy. Ultimately, two explanations for Erasmus’ apparent preference for Plautus in 1533 present themselves. First, Plautus presented memorable characters who illustrated the tension between eloquence and morality that characterized the debate in Erasmus’ time over comedy’s role in education. Second, Giambattista Pio’s 1500 edition of Plautus with commentary provided Erasmus with other motivations, such as the opportunity for textual criticism, to focus on Plautus.
The Infinite Aphorisms of Erasmus and Bacon
Authors: Hui Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aphorisms occupy a central place in the works of Erasmus and Bacon. Erasmus wanted to construct the total library of antiquity through adages; Bacon’s project was to construct the laboratory of modernity, its progress presented in the propagation of aphorisms. Like Erasmus, Bacon believed that the aphorism would stir readers to contemplate and inquire further. But unlike Erasmus, Bacon maintains that this process of discovery is accomplished not through endlessly combing through the archives of the ancients but rather by interrogating the book of the world.
Repetition due to Detected Omission
Authors: Gottlieb Leeor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article I shall demonstrate how omission due to homoeoteleuton may actually sometimes result in a longer text. Several variants among textual witnesses of the Hebrew Bible presented in this article are most easily explained, to my mind, as the result of the omission being detected and the missing text being copied into the manuscript from the point the omission was detected. Thus, the text from the point of omission to the point of detection is repeated in the target scroll, the new copy of the text. Recognition of this scribal phenomenon may help elucidate difficult passages.
The Socio-Religious Setting of the (Proto-)Masoretic Text
Authors: Tov Emanuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe find the proto-Masoretic texts (MT) in two synagogues, in texts and tefillin found with the Judean Desert communities of the Zealots and the followers of Bar Kokhba, the targumim, Jewish-Greek translations, and rabbinic literature. After 70 CE, proto-MT was in the hands of the rabbis, and prior to that time in the hands of similar circles. However, there were also persons and communities that did not use MT. None of their versions were based on MT, with the possible exception of the quotations of the Hebrew Ben Sira in Jeremiah. The persons and communities that did not use the proto-MT text are the Qumran community and the authors of all the Second Temple rewritten Bible compositions, based on either SP, the LXX, or a combination of the two. These conclusions are instructive regarding the socio-religious environment of the proto-MT, but not about the proto-MT text itself, which remains enigmatic.
The Role of Memory in Vorlage-based Transmission: Evidence from Erasures and Corrections
Authors: Vroom Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article argues that the act of Vorlage-based copying involves a dynamic interplay between both memory and Vorlage. While numerous scholars argue that memory played a significant role in textual transmission in ancient Israel and early Judaism, few have explicitly discussed the role that memory plays in the act of copying a manuscript. This article identifies with greater precision the point in the copying process at which a scribe may rely on long-term memory, rather than his Vorlage. The article will examine three erasures in three Dead Sea scrolls that demonstrate the phenomenon of memory-cued errors, in which a scribe’s long-term memory caused mistakes in the copying process. Not only do these memory-cued errors illustrate the role of memory in the copying process, they also allow for a much clearer and more nuanced understanding of the nature of textual transmission.
Subseasonal Variability of Rossby Wave Breaking and Impacts on Tropical Cyclones during the North Atlantic Warm Season
Authors: Li Weiwei , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Gan , Peng Melinda S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Zhao Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the subseasonal variability of anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (AWB) and its impacts on atmospheric circulations and tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic in the warm season from 1985 to 2013. Significant anomalies in sea level pressure, tropospheric wind, and humidity fields are found over the tropical–subtropical Atlantic within 8 days of an AWB activity peak. Such anomalies may lead to suppressed TC activity on the subseasonal time scale, but a significant negative correlation between the subseasonal variability of AWB and Atlantic basinwide TC activity does not exist every year, likely due to the modulation of TCs by other factors. It is also found that AWB occurrence may be modulated by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). In particular, AWB occurrence over the tropical–subtropical west Atlantic is reduced in phases 2 and 3 and enhanced in phases 6 and 7 based on the Real-Time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index. The impacts of AWB on the predictive skill of Atlantic TCs are examined using the Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) reforecasts with a forecast lead time up to 2 weeks. The hit rate of tropical cyclogenesis during active AWB episodes is lower than the long-term-mean hit rate, and the GEFS is less skillful in capturing the variations of weekly TC activity during the years of enhanced AWB activity. The lower predictability of TCs is consistent with the lower predictability of environmental variables (such as vertical wind shear, moisture, and low-level vorticity) under the extratropical influence.
Needle-punched three-dimensional nonwoven wound dressings with density gradient from biocompatible calcium alginate fiber
Authors: Gao Yingjun , Jin Xiangyu 
Published: October 2018

Three-dimensional calcium alginate fiber (CAF) dressings with density gradients were fabricated by the needle-punching process. As a skin substitute, the dressings under wet conditions showed “skin-like” performance. The interconnected pores enabled the dressings to absorb more wound exudates. CAFs arranged vertically and the density gradients along thickness direction altered the diffusion and distribution of wound exudates in the dressings and prevented the wound exudates from infiltrating back to the wound surface, which kept the wound in excellent healing conditions. The changes in performance and structure of the dressings during wound healing were investigated. After absorbing the wound exudates, in the presence of Na+ ions, the Ca2+ ions in CAFs were exchanged and parts of CAFs turned into sodium alginate (SA) gels. The CAFs residues and SA gels composed the gelled dressings with a special composite structure, which displayed unique performance, especially the tensile process and the stereoscopic structure. The ion-exchange reaction was influenced by the H+ and OH- ions in wound exudates, affecting the properties of the gelled dressings. An in vitro cell culture assay indicated that the Ca2+ ions released from the dressings promoted cell growth and proliferation. The density gradient structure had a significant effect on the spread of cells on the dressings.
Synthesis of CdS/ZnO Hybrid Nanoarchitectured Films with Visible Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zirak Mohammad , Oveisi Hamid , Lin Jianjian , Bando Yoshio , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Kim Jeonghun , Ide Yusuke , Hossain Md Shahriar A , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A spin-coating method has been employed to prepare crystalline nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films. The CdS nanoparticles are then deposited on the surface via a successive ion adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Three different concentrations (15, 30, and 50 mM) are used to investigate the effect of various CdS loading on the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid ZnO-CdS hybrid thin films. The transparent crack-free thin films possess fine nanostructures on the top surface, with a fine dispersion of CdS nanoparticles. The highest photocatalytic activity is realized when the concentration is 30 mM. ZnO-CdS hybrid thin films with high surface area, crystalline wall, and low band gap have a great potential as a high-performance material for absorption and degradation of harmful dye molecules such as methylene blue (MB).
Correlation between High Serum Uric Acid Levels with Occurrence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Soetomo General Hospital
Authors: Sukarno Deasy Putri , Hamdan Muhammad , Fidiana Fidiana , Fadil Fadil , Basuki Mudjiani 
Published: October 2018

Background: The increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been linked to macro vascular disease in Type 2 Diabetes Melitus. The correlation between serum uric acid levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy has not been addressed properly.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between high serum uric acid levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Methods: This was a case-control design study and the sampling was done consecutively by following the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. The diabetic peripheral neuropathy was evaluated using Electroneuromyography (EMNG) and the serum were taken for uric acid level examination. Chi square test was used for the correlation analysis.
Result: Thirty subjects were enrolled and divided into an experimental group of 15 subjects and a control group of 15 subjects as well. We found that the diabetic peripheral neuropathy did not show a significant correlation with high serum uric acid levels, p=0,136 and OR 3,143 (CI 95% 0,681-14,503).
Conclusions: There was no correlation between high serum uric acid levels with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Screening of total phenolic, antiradical and antioxidant activities of Wiedemannia orientalis
Authors: Turkoglu Ismail 
Published: October 2018

In this study, it was aimed to investigate total phenolic, antioxidant and antiradical activities of water and ethanolic extracts of the Wiedemannia orientalis (W. orientalis). In order to investigate the antiradical capacities, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activates were employed in the evaluation process. For the evaluation of antioxidant capacities, activities of phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power and metal chelating were investigated. In the evaluations, the amounts of total phenolics were determined to be 11.95±0.02-17.27±0.09 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g in W. orientalis extracts, respectively. Additionally, the amount of reducing power and total antioxidant capacity of leaf ethanol extract of W. orientalis were determined to be higher compared to the other extracts of W. orientalis. While the highest activity was observed in flower ethanol extract on the DPPH radical scavenging activity, flower water extract demonstrated better results in metal chelating activity. In the ABTS radical chelating activity, no significant differences were observed. As a result, it was suggested in our study that extracts of W. orientalis could be regarded as a natural and alternative source in pharmacology and medicine and food sectors. Such results can be put to use in pharmaceutical formulations and may lead to the developments of new human drugs from this medicinal plant.
Contractual Business Networks: The Case of Syndicated Loans
Authors: Estevan de Quesada Carmen , Renner Moritz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is a growing debate in law, economics and sociology about contractual business networks as a hybrid form of cooperation that combines governance elements from market and firm. Most treatments of the subject focus on the structures of supply and distribution networks and their consequences on liability and contractual interpretation. This article confronts network theory with the case of cross-border syndicated loans. Syndicated loans are a highly important instrument of corporate finance, and they merge contractual and corporate cooperation in a particularly sophisticated manner. Theories of network contracts can thus be helpful to address the legal issues of syndicated loans in different fields of law, ranging from conflict of laws to antitrust law. In turn, the analysis of syndicated loans as an example of horizontal business networks can help generate insights for the general discussion of networks in private law.
Contracts on Human Biological Samples: the European Prohibition of Financial Gain from the Human Body and its Parts
Authors: Santamaría Enrique 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral European law documents (including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union) lay down a general prohibition on making the human body and its parts, as such, a source of financial gain. Scholars have identified three reasons for this prohibition: human dignity, equality, and solidarity. This paper aims at exploring to what extent non-gratuitous contracts on human biological samples can be validly concluded for purposes of research and commercial applications of the research results. In particular, the present paper will firstly, analyse the role of the three aforementioned reasons – dignity, equality, and solidarity – in the assessment of the validity of non-gratuitous contracts on human biological samples for the purposes of research and possible commercial uses thereof. Secondly, this paper will outline some possible advantages of excluding this kind of contracts from the scope of application of the prohibition of financial gain.