bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One, Two, Three: A Bioorthogonal Triple Labelling Strategy for Studying the Dynamics of Plant Cell Wall Formation In Vivo
Authors: Simon Clemence , Lion Cedric , Spriet Corentin , Baldacci‐Cresp Fabien , Hawkins Simon , Biot Christophe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReported herein is an in vivo triple labelling strategy to monitor the formation of plant cell walls. Based on a combination of copper‐catalysed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), and Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electronic demand (DARinv), this methodology can be applied to various plant species of interest in research. It allowed detection of the differential incorporation of alkynyl‐, azido‐, and methylcyclopropenyl‐tagged reporters of the three main monolignols into de novo biosynthesized lignin in different tissues, cell types, or cell wall layers. In addition, this triple labelling was implemented with different classes of chemical reporters, using two monolignol reporters in conjunction with alkynylfucose to simultaneously monitor the biosynthesis of lignin and non‐cellulosic polysaccharides. This allowed observation of their deposition occurring contemporaneously in the same cell wall.
Schaltbare Katalyse zur Herstellung von Multiblock‐Polyestern aus einer Mischung von Propylenoxid, Lactid und Phthalsäureanhydrid
Authors: Stößer Tim , Mulryan Daniel , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSchaltbare Polymerisationskatalyse ermöglicht die Synthese von Multiblock‐Polyestern mit hohen Selektivitäten bezüglich Blockpolymeren aus Mischungen von Monomeren. Der Al‐Salphen‐Katalysator “schaltet” zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Polymerisationsmechanismen und polymerisiert hoch selektiv Mischungen der kommerziell verfügbarer Monomere Lactid, Phthalsäureanhydrid und Propylenoxid. Aufeinanderfolgende Zugaben von Monomermischungen erlauben die Synthese von Multiblock‐Polyestern mit 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 und 23 Blöcken. Diese einmalige Selektivität der Katalyse erlaubt die Verwendung von vollkommen neuen Multiblock‐Polyestern für zukünftige Anwendungen.
Nebulization Prior to Isolation, Ionization, and Dissociation of the Neutral Serine Octamer Allows Its Characterization
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wei Zhenwei , Jiang Jie , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNebulization of enantiomerically mixed serine solutions, followed by ion deflection and gentle on‐line protonation, is used to isolate and characterize the strongly preferred homochiral neutral serine octamer (Ser8). The separation of the nebulization and ionization steps and the use of the enantiomeric l‐serine ion (l‐d3Ser)8H+ as a soft protonating agent ensured that neutral (d‐Ser)8 was characterized without interference from serine octamer ((d‐Ser)8H+) ions. MS/MS experiments showed that the ionized neutral octamer and the protonated octamer formed directly by ESI have the same structures. Experiments in which the temperature of the heated transfer tube was varied indicate dissociation of the neutral octamer to the dimer. Field‐free nebulization of racemic serine forms the separate homochiral species with very high chiral selectivity. We suggest that the homochiral preference is a property of (d‐Ser)8 and that the preference observed earlier for (d‐Ser)8H+ is simply an expression of this feature of the neutral cluster.
Inversion Triggered by Protonation—A Rubyrin with Embedded α,β′‐Pyridine Moieties
Authors: Myśliborski Radomir , Hurej Karolina , Pawlicki Miłosz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncorporation of α,β′‐pyridine into a [26]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0) frame resulted in formation of 29,33‐diaza‐A,D‐di‐p‐benzi[26]hexaphyrin (A,D‐di‐p‐pyrirubyrin), which acquires a strictly planar conformation with two nitrogen pyridine atoms directed to the center of the macrocyclic core. The mode of α,β′‐pyridine incorporation results in efficient 26‐electron π‐conjugation, as shown by the clear spectroscopic and structural aromatic features. The formation of the trication and tetracation through protonation is accompanied by a conformational flip of one or two pyridinium moieties to result in N‐confused or doubly N‐confused conformers of the original macrocyclic frame.
Synthesis and Properties of a Highly Congested Tri(9‐anthryl)methyl Radical
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Aibara Seito , Kubo Takashi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of persistent, neutral organic radicals is challenging because of their inherent reactivities. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a highly congested mesityl‐substituted tri(9‐anthryl)methyl (TAntM) radical (1). The scaffold was successfully synthesized by circumventing the steric hindrance imposed by the bulky groups surrounding the central methyl carbon atom. The radical has a threefold propeller structure, and the unpaired electron is mainly localized on the central carbon atom. Owing to its congested structure, 1 is remarkably stable, which facilitated handling under ambient conditions. Evaluation of the dynamic behavior of the TAntM scaffold indicated that the stability is due to the bulky anthryl units and the mesityl substituents. Because of its high persistence, wide‐range absorption, and good reversible redox properties, 1 has promising applications in organic devices.
Simultaneous Manipulation of O‐Doping and Metal Vacancy in Atomically Thin Zn10In16S34 Nanosheet Arrays toward Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Meng Linxing , Rao Dewei , Tian Wei , Cao Fengren , Yan Xiaohong , Li Liang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe facile hydrothermal synthesis of Zn10In16S34 atomically thin nanosheet arrays on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass (FTO) substrates is presented. Through controlling heat treatment in air, O‐doping and Zn, S vacancies were simultaneously introduced in Zn10In16S34 nanosheets with adjusted phase, morphology, chemical compositions, and energy level distribution. The surface defect states are passivated by depositing ultrathin Al2O3 film by atomic layer deposition technology. The performance of Zn10In16S34 photoanodes is largely improved, with 4.7 times higher current density and reduced onset potential. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations indicate that the enhancement is attributed to the fast photoexcited electron–hole pair separation, decreased surface transfer impedance, prolonged carrier lifetime, and reduced overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction.
Switch Catalysis To Deliver Multi‐Block Polyesters from Mixtures of Propene Oxide, Lactide, and Phthalic Anhydride
Authors: Stößer Tim , Mulryan Daniel , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSwitchable polymerisation catalysis enables block polymer sequence selectivity from monomer mixtures, resulting in the formation of multiblock polyesters. The aluminium salphen catalyst switches between two different polymerisation mechanisms and selectively enchains mixtures of commercially available monomers: lactide, phthalic anhydride, and propene oxide. Sequential monomer mixture additions yield multi‐block polyesters featuring 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, and 27 blocks. The unparalleled catalytic selectivity can be used to access completely new multi‐block polyesters relevant for future applications.
Photochromism and decolorization controlled by auxiliary ligands of complexes derived from 1‐methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium cation
Authors: Liu Jin‐jian 
Published: October 2018

Three 1‐methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (MQ+)‐based complexes, {[Cd(MQ)(p‐BDC)Br]⋅H2O}n (1), {[Cd(MQ)(m‐BDC)(H2O)Br]⋅3H2O}n (2) and Cu(MQ)Br2 (3) (p‐H2BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, m‐H2BDC = 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 are one‐dimensional coordination polymers constituted of one coordinated MQ+ cation, one coordinated Br− ion and chains of Cd2+ ions connected by deprotonated BDC2− units, which both have photochromism but different decolorization behaviors. The structures and photoresponsive behaviors controlled by auxiliary ligands have been explored. Compound 3 is constituted of one Cu+ center, one MQ+ ligand and two coordinated Br− ions in a ‘V’ configuration, exhibiting no photochromism.
Is the DOSPERT gender invariant? A psychometric test of measurement invariance
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Foster Garett C. , McKenna Michael G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is well established in the risk literature that men tend to take more risks than women. This gender difference, however, is often qualified by its domain specificity. Considering recent research on the domain generality of risk taking as a disposition, there is a need to examine the degree to which men take more risks than women, in general. In order to make substantive conclusions about the gender differences in risk‐taking propensity, one must first establish measurement invariance, which is required for the meaningful interpretation of observed group differences. In this paper, we examined the measurement invariance of the Domain‐Specific Risk‐Taking scale (DOSPERT)—one of the most popular measures of individual differences in risk taking. We found that the DOSPERT violated configural invariance in a bifactor model, indicating that the underlying factor structure of the DOSPERT differs between men and women. Even after removing the social risk dimension, DOSPERT still failed to reach scalar invariance. Taken together, these findings suggest that score differences in the DOSPERT may be due to response artifacts rather than true differences in the latent construct. Therefore, gender differences in the DOSPERT must be interpreted with caution. Implications for the measurement of risk taking are discussed.
A population‐averaged approach to diagnostic test meta‐analysis
Authors: Preisser John S. , Inan Gul , Powers James M. , Chu Haitao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies is often of interest in screening programs for many diseases. The typical summary statistics for studies chosen for a diagnostic accuracy meta‐analysis are often two dimensional: sensitivities and specificities. The common statistical analysis approach for the meta‐analysis of diagnostic studies is based on the bivariate generalized linear‐mixed model (BGLMM), which has study‐specific interpretations. In this article, we present a population‐averaged (PA) model using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for making inference on mean specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test in the population represented by the meta‐analytic studies. We also derive the marginalized counterparts of the regression parameters from the BGLMM. We illustrate the proposed PA approach through two dataset examples and compare performance of estimators of the marginal regression parameters from the PA model with those of the marginalized regression parameters from the BGLMM through Monte Carlo simulation studies. Overall, both marginalized BGLMM and GEE with sandwich standard errors maintained nominal 95% confidence interval coverage levels for mean specificity and mean sensitivity in meta‐analysis of 25 of more studies even under misspecification of the covariance structure of the bivariate positive test counts for diseased and nondiseased subjects.
Multivariate learning framework for long‐term adaptation in the artificial pancreas
Authors: Shi Dawei , Dassau Eyal , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe long‐term use of the artificial pancreas (AP) requires an automated insulin delivery algorithm that can learn and adapt with the growth, development, and lifestyle changes of patients. In this work, we introduce a data‐driven AP adaptation method for improved glucose management in a home environment. A two‐phase Bayesian optimization assisted parameter learning algorithm is proposed to adapt basal and carbohydrate‐ratio profile, and key feedback control parameters. The method is evaluated on the basis of the 111‐adult cohort of the FDA‐accepted UVA/Padova type 1 diabetes mellitus simulator through three scenarios with lifestyle disturbances and incorrect initial parameters. For all the scenarios, the proposed method is able to robustly adapt AP parameters for improved glycemic regulation performance in terms of percent time in the euglycemic range [70, 180] mg/dl without causing risk of hypoglycemia in terms of percent time below 70 mg/dl.
Effect of Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe Leaves, Methanolic Extract and Guaijaverin on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Duarte Regiane C. , Taleb‐Contini Silvia H. , Pereira Paulo S. , Oliveira Camila F. , Miranda Carlos Eduardo S. , Bertoni Bianca W. , Coppede Juliana S. , Willrich Guilherme B. , Crevelin Eduardo J. , França Suzelei C. , Pereira Ana Maria S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis leaves. The methanolic extract (ME) was rich in flavonoids, while the powdered leaves (PL) contained considerable amounts of macro‐ and microelements. Oral acute treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats for 18 h with the C. spiralis PL, ME and isolated guaijaverin (GUA) lowered glycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance and inhibited liver lipid peroxidation. GUA and ME lowered plasma levels of low‐density and non‐high density lipoproteins; GUA also lowered total cholesterol levels. PL, ME and GUA did not significantly alter the plasma levels of triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, very low‐density lipoproteins, creatinine and aspartate transaminase, and the total protein levels in the kidney and liver tissues. Therefore, C. spiralis leaves are promising raw materials and rich sources of bioactive flavonoids for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs due to their hypoglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant actions.
Exosomes: Isolation, Analysis, and Applications in Cancer Detection and Therapy
Authors: Bu Hongchang , He Dinggeng , He Xiaoxiao , Wang Kemin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles that are naturally secreted by all types of cells and widely distributed in various biofluids. They carry a variety of key bioactive molecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, growth factors, cytokines) from their parent cells and convey them to neighboring or even distant cells through circulation. In recent years, tumor‐derived exosomes have attracted great interest from investigators because they actively participate in nearly all aspects of tumor development and facilitate both tumor growth and metastasis through exosome‐mediated intercellular communication. The vesicular contents are increasingly considered potential biomarkers for tumor diagnoses and prognosis. With the progress made in isolation and analytical technologies, the functions of exosomes and their contents in tumor development are also becoming clearer. In this review article we describe the recent developments in exosome isolation techniques and analysis of exosomal contents. We also address their applications in cancer detection and therapy.
Recent Updates on Protein N‐Phosphoramidate Hydrolases
Authors: Jung Hoyoung , Shin Son Hye , Kee Jung‐Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn contrast to well‐recognized protein phosphorylation on the side‐chain oxygen of Ser, Thr, or Tyr residues, analogous phosphoramidation of the nitrogen of His, Lys, and Arg side chains remains much less investigated, mainly due to the instability of post‐translational modifications and technical difficulties involved in their analysis. For example, reports on the enzyme activities responsible for the formation and hydrolysis of these phosphoramidates date back to as early as the 1950s, but some of these enzymes have only recently been identified and functionally characterized; this has been aided by the development of novel research tools. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the enzymes that hydrolyze protein N‐phosphoramidates, in terms of their structure, activities, and biological functions, as well as the chemical tools used to investigate them.
Commercial Porcine Gastric Mucin Preparations, also Used as Artificial Saliva, are a Rich Source for the Lectin TFF2: In Vitro Binding Studies
Authors: Stürmer René , Harder Sönke , Schlüter Hartmut , Hoffmann Werner 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMucous gels (mucus) cover internal body surfaces. The secretory mucins MUC5AC and MUC6 and the protective peptide TFF2 are characteristic constituents of gastric mucus; TFF2 is co‐secreted with MUC6. Herein, we investigated two commercial mucin preparations by FPLC and proteomics, because they are model systems for studying the rheology of gastric mucins. One preparation is also used as a saliva substitute, for example, after radiation therapy. We show that both preparations contain TFF2 (≈0.6 to 1.1 %, w/w). The majority of TFF2 is strongly bound noncovalently to mucin in a manner that is resistant to boiling in SDS. First overlay assays with 125I‐labeled porcine TFF2 revealed that mucin binding is modulated by Ca2+ and can be blocked by the lectin GSA‐II and the antibody HIK1083, both recognizing the peripheral GlcNAcα1→4Galβ1→R moiety of MUC6. TFF2 binding was also inhibited in the presence of Me‐β‐Gal but less so by the α anomer. TFF2 may play a role in the oligomerization and secretion of MUC6, the rheology of gastric mucus, and the adherence of gastric microbiota. TFF2 in artificial saliva may be of benefit. TFF2 might also interact with the sugar moiety of various receptors.
A Metal‐Free N and P‐Codoped Carbon Nanosphere as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Li Ping , Jang Haeseong , Zhang Jian , Tian Mochong , Chen Silong , Yuan Bing , Wu Zexing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeveloping metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial for the large‐scale application of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries, which have attracted extensive attention. Herein, a facile and scalable route is developed to prepare N, P‐codoped carbon nanospheres (NPCs) with the assistance of cesium chloride (NPC‐“Cs”). After treatment with hot acid solution, no trace metals are left in the electrocatalyst, as determined by inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The obtained metal‐free electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity for ORR and OER. The half‐wave potential is 0.85 V for ORR in 0.1 M KOH, and an overpotential of 0.34 V for OER in 1 M KOH is required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, zinc‐air primary and rechargeable batteries assembled with the metal‐free electrocatalyst show similar, or even better performance compared to precious metal‐based devices containing Pt/C or IrO2 as catalysts. A facile strategy is developed to synthesize the metal free bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR and OER that is beneficial for the development of new‐energy technologies.
A Switch in the Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Gas‐Adsorption Character of Prussian Blue Analogues: An Affinity Control for Smart Gas Sorption
Authors: Boudjema Lotfi , Long Jérôme , Salles Fabrice , Larionova Joulia , Guari Yannick , Trens Philippe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPorous coordination polymers are molecule‐based materials presenting a high degree of tunability, which offer many advantages for targeted applications over conventional inorganic materials. This work demonstrates that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of Prussian blue analogues having a lipophilic feature may be tuned to optimize the gas adsorption properties. The role of the coordinatively unsaturated metal sites is emphasized through a combination of theoretical and experimental study of water, ethanol, and n‐hexane adsorption.
AuBr3‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Annulation of Isocyanates with 2H‐Azirine
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Tian Bing , Witzel Sina , Jin Hongming , Tian Xianhai , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe chemoselective cyclization of isocyanates with 2H‐azirine was achieved with AuBr3 as catalyst. This transfer sets the stage for the synthesis of aromatic oxazole‐ureas in a tandem process. The addition of a catalytic amount of phosphite enhances the process enormously. The reaction can also be performed in a one‐pot process using benzoyl azide instead of isocyanate under the same conditions. A detailed study on the role of the phosphite that was applied as an additive revealed that only non‐coordinated phosphite can reduce gold(III) and that gold(I) coordinated phosphite is not oxidized. Accompanied by the reduction of gold, HBr is generated in situ, which turned out to be the actual promotor in combination with the remaining AuBr3. The positive effect of acid can be explained by a strong N–Au coordination, which tends to break more easily in the presence of small amount of protic acid in the reaction solution.
Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Amido‐Substituted Germanium(I)/Tin(I) Dimers and Clusters
Authors: Kelly John A. , Juckel Martin , Hadlington Terrance J. , Fernández Israel , Frenking Gernot , Jones Cameron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree amide ligands of varying steric bulk and electronic properties were utilized to prepare a series of amido‐germanium(II)/tin(II) halide compounds, (LEX)n, (L= ‐N{B(DipNCH)2}(SiMe3), TBoL; ‐N{B(DipNCH)2}(SiPh3), PhBoL; ‐N(Dip)(tBu), DBuL; Dip=C6H3iPr2‐2,6; E=Ge or Sn; X=Cl or Br; n=1 or 2). Reductions of these with a magnesium(I) dimer, {(MesNacnac)Mg}2 (MesNacnac=[(MesNCMe)2CH]−, Mes=mesityl), afforded singly bonded amido‐digermynes (TBoLGe−GeTBoL and PhBoLGe−GePhBoL), and an amido‐distannyne (PhBoLSn−SnPhBoL), in addition to several low‐valent, amido stabilized tetrel–tetrel bonded cluster compounds, (DBuLGe)4, (DBuLSn)6 and Sn5(TBoL)4. The nature of the products resulting from these reactions was largely dependent on the steric bulk of the amide ligand employed. Cluster (DBuLGe)4 possessed an unusual folded butterfly structure, the bonding and electronic of which were examined using DFT calculations. Reactions of the amido‐germanium(I) compounds with H2 were explored, and gave rise to the amido‐digermene, TBoL(H)Ge=Ge(H)TBoL and the cyclotetragermane, {DBuL(H)Ge}4. Reactions of (DBuLGe)4 with a series of unsaturated small molecule substrates yielded DBuLGeOGeDBuL, DBuLGe(μ‐C2H4)2GeDBuL and DBuLGe(μ‐1,4‐C6H8)(μ‐1,2‐C6H8)GeDBuL. The latter results imply that (DBuLGe)4 can act as a masked source of the digermyne DBuLGeGeDBuL in these reactions. All further reactivity studies indicated that the germanium(I) compounds exhibit a “transition‐metal‐like” behavior, which is closely related to that previously described for bulky digermynes and related compounds.
ACHEMA 2018: Adsorption
Authors: Ambrosy Jonas Moritz , Berg Frederik , Birkmann Jan , Bucher Dirk , Muthmann Johanna , Schmittmann Sonja , Bläker Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuf der ACHEMA 2018 stellten sich 24 Firmen mit Bezug zum Themenfeld Adsorption vor. Das weit gefächerte Ausstellerfeld reichte von Adsorbentienherstellern über Messgeräteentwickler bis hin zu Anlagenbauern. Aufgrund der zeitlichen Nähe zur Fachmesse IFAT/Entsorga waren in diesem Jahr etwas weniger Aussteller vertreten als in den vorausgehenden Jahren. Der Bericht umreißt die wichtigsten Trends und Neuerungen aus der Adsorptionstechnik, die auf den Ständen präsentiert und in Gesprächen von den Ausstellern thematisiert wurden.