bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic and non-anatomic substrates in infants with two ventricles undergoing aortic arch repair
Authors: Murtuza Bari , Lehoux Juan , Medina Mario Castro , da Fonseca Da Silva Luciana , Viegas Melita , McCracken Courtney E. , John Jon Blaine , Suh Elsa , Ringewald Jeremy , Morell Victor O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectives:We sought to examine the relative importance of surgical lesion complexity versus the presence of genetic/syndromic/extracardiac anomalies (GSAs) in determining survival, morbidity or need for reinterventions following repair for aortic arch hypoplasia.Methods:A single-centre, retrospective cohort study of infants undergoing biventricular aortic arch repair via sternotomy from 2010 to 2021 was conducted. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier methods, with additional Bayesian survival modelling for subgroups. Composite morbidity comprised respiratory, renal, neurologic, or sepsis-related complications.Results:Of 83 included infants, n = 13/83 (15.7%) had complex repairs; 27/83 (32.5%) were GSA+. Operative mortality was significantly higher in GSA+ versus GSA− patients (18.5% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.01), though not for complex versus non-complex repairs. Overall 10-year Kaplan–Meier survival was 86.7%. Bayesian modelling suggested equivalent post-discharge attrition in non-complex/GSA+ and complex/GSA− patients, with the poorest outcomes in complex/GSA+ patients; non-complex/GSA− patients had 100% survival. GSA+ patients exhibited higher composite morbidity (44.4% vs. 7.1% in GSA− p < 0.001), with their mode of death seemingly related to a high incidence of respiratory and neurological morbidity, notably in Dandy–Walker syndrome. The 10-year freedom from arch reinterventions was 87.7%; neither complexity, GSA status, nor post-repair peak arch velocity predicted the need for arch reinterventions.Conclusions:Whilst anatomic complexity may have been somewhat neutralised as a risk factor for operative mortality, in contrast to GSA+ status, there is further post-discharge attrition attributable to complexity or GSA+ status, with additive risk effects. Morbidity directly related to certain syndromes underlies some of this risk. Non-anatomic substrates represent a persistent limitation to outcomes of surgical aortic arch repair in infants.
A comparison between community and treatment-seeking samples of hoarding disorder
Authors: Stumpf Bárbara Perdigão , Rocha Fábio Lopes , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Barbosa Izabela Guimarães 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveHoarding disorder studies are primarily based on persons who seek treatment and demonstrate good insight. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether there are differences between community and treatment-seeking samples of individuals with hoarding disorder (HD).MethodsFourteen people with HD from the community and twenty treatment-seeking people with HD were assessed by a battery of instruments to evaluate HD features and other associated characteristics.ResultsCompared to the treatment-seeking sample, the HD community sample was older, had poorer insight, and had a lower prevalence of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There were no differences in gender, education, presence of psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and hoarding behavior characteristics between the samples. The final logistic regression model with the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) as the single predictor of treatment-seeking status was statistically significant, indicating that it was able to distinguish between the two samples. The model explained between 20.7% and 27.9% of the variance of subjects, and correctly classified 67.6% of cases.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there appear to be few differences between the treatment-seeking and community samples of individuals with HD. The presence of comorbid OCD in treatment-seeking groups seems to be more frequent than in HD community samples.
Human brain evolution in a Malthusian economy
Authors: Chu Angus C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Why did the human brain evolve? This study develops a Malthusian growth model with heterogeneous agents and natural selection to explore the evolution of human brain size. We find that if the cognitive advantage of a larger brain dominates its higher metabolic costs, then the average brain size increases over time, which is consistent with the rising trend in human brain size that started over 2 million years ago. Furthermore, an improvement in hunting-gathering productivity (e.g., the discovery of using stone tools and fire in hunting animals and cooking food) helps to trigger this human brain size evolution. As the average brain size increases, the average level of hunting-gathering productivity also rises over time. Quantitatively, our model is able to replicate the trend in hominin brain evolution over the last 10 million years.
Secular trends in dietary energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake among Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Sung Da-In , Kwon Yu-Jin , Heo Seok-Jae , Lee Ji-Won 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to analyse the evolving trends in macronutrient intake and dietary composition among Korean children and adolescents over a 10-year period.

Design:
We utilised cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) spanning the years 2010–2020. Overall, the study included 11 861 participants aged 6–18 years who completed the 24-h dietary recall survey. Subsequently, we assessed trends in energy consumption and macronutrient intake across population subgroups, including age, sex and obesity status. Survey-weighted linear regression was employed to determine the β coefficient and P-value for trends in dietary nutrient consumption, treating the survey year as a continuous variable.

Setting:
KNHANES from 2010 to 2020.

Participants:
11 861 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years.

Results:
Total energy intake significantly decreased across the 10-year survey period, with a corresponding decline in the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates. Conversely, the proportion of energy intake from fat increased during the same period. Subgroup analysis revealed changes in the composition of energy intake across age, sex and obesity status, with a consistent increase in total fat intake observed across all subgroups. Upon analysing data on dietary fibres, total sugars and fat subtypes intake, we found insufficient dietary fibre intake and increased intake of all fat subtypes.

Conclusions:
This study underscores the gradually changing dietary intake patterns among Korean children and adolescents. Our findings revealed that these transitions in dietary nutrient consumption may pose potential risks of diet-related diseases in the future.
The impact of a water promotion and access intervention on elementary school students in the presence of food insecurity
Authors: Gerstenfeld Leslie , Blacker Lauren , McCulloch Charles E , Ritchie Lorrene D , Ordonez Valeria M , Schmidt Laura , Patel Anisha I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
School-based interventions encouraging children to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water show promise for reducing child overweight. However, students with child food insecurity (CFI) may not respond to nutrition interventions like children who are food-secure.

Design:
The Water First cluster-randomised trial found that school water access and promotion prevented child overweight and increased water intake. This secondary analysis used mixed-effects regression to evaluate the interaction between the Water First intervention and food insecurity, measured using the Child Food Security Assessment, on child weight status (anthropometric measurements) and dietary intake (student 24-h recalls, beverage intake surveys).

Setting:
Eighteen elementary schools (serving ≥ 50 % children from low-income households), in which drinking water had not been previously promoted, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Participants:
Students in fourth-grade classes (n 1056).

Results:
Food insecurity interacted with the intervention. Among students with no CFI, the intervention group had a lower prevalence of obesity from baseline to 7 months (–0·04, CI –0·08, 0·01) compared with no CFI controls (0·01, CI –0·01, 0·04) (P = 0·04). Among students with high CFI, the intervention group had a pronounced increase in the volume of water consumed between baseline and 7 months (86·2 %, CI 21·7, 185·0 %) compared with high CFI controls (–13·6 %, CI –45·3, 36·6 %) (P = 0·02).

Conclusions:
Addressing food insecurity in the design of water promotion interventions may enhance the benefit to children, reducing the prevalence of obesity.
Child undernutrition and its association with household environmental conditions in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Mostaured Ali , Billah Md Arif , Fatima Kaniz , Islam M Mofizul , Sarker Bidhan Krishna , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Khan Md Nuruzzaman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Undernutrition among children under the age of five years is a prevalent global issue, especially in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the relationships of household environmental conditions (HECs) with child undernutrition in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on rural–urban variations.

Design:
We analysed children’s data from the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey. The outcome variable considered were measures of child undernutrition, including stunting, wasting and underweight. The primary exposure variables considered were indicators of HEC. We used a hierarchical multilevel mixed-effect generalized linear models (GLM) modified with a Poisson regression to explore the association between outcomes and exposures, adjusting for potential confounders.

Setting:
Nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Participants:
8,057 under-5 children.

Results:
The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in Bangladesh was 31%, 8%, and 22%, respectively, with notable urban–rural variations. Under-5 children who lived in houses constructed with unimproved materials (aRR: 1·17), exposed to household air pollution (aPR: 1·37), had unimproved drinking water sources (aPR: 1·28) or had poor handwashing facilities (aPR: 1·24) had a greater likelihood of stunting compared to their counterparts. Similar associations were observed for underweight. The likelihood of stunting and underweight increased with increasing scores of poor HECs, with variations in the effect size across urban–rural areas.

Conclusion:
The high prevalence of stunting and underweight in Bangladesh is linked to poor HECs, therefore, integrated approaches should be adopted to address these environmental factors collectively. Policies and programmes should prioritse enhancing housing quality to achieve sustainable improvements in child nutritional outcomes.
Does food insecurity compromise diet quality among Finnish private sector service workers?
Authors: Joutsi Roosa , Walsh Hanna M. , Lehto Elviira , Saari Tiina , Rahkonen Ossi , Nevalainen Jaakko , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Meinilä Jelena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the association between food insecurity (FI) and diet quality in private sector service workers.

Design:
Data were collected via electronic questionnaires (2019) and the national register data (2018–2019). FI was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and diet quality using an FFQ and a modified Healthy Food Intake Index (mHFII). The associations between HFIAS and mHFII were studied using ANOVA and ordinal regression analysis.

Setting:
Cross-sectional survey and register data for all municipalities in Finland in 2018–2019.

Participants:
Individuals (n 6435) belonging to the Finnish Service Union United. The members are predominantly women and work mainly in retail trade, tourism, restaurant and leisure services, property maintenance and security services.

Results:
Overall diet quality, measured by mHFII, was significantly lower in those experiencing severe FI than in those who were food secure (8·0 v. 9·1). Additionally, those with severe FI were less likely to have higher (more optimal) scores in sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 0·67), fibre-rich grains (OR: 0·79), vegetables (OR: 0·54), fruits and berries (OR: 0·61), vegetable oil (OR: 0·80), fish (OR: 0·65), milk (OR: 0·89) and nuts and seeds (OR: 0·66) than food-secure participants. Severe FI was associated with higher odds for less frequent consumption of red and processed meat (OR: 1·15, a higher score represents less frequent consumption).

Conclusions:
Severe FI was linked to both lower overall diet quality and suboptimal consumption of several food groups. Individuals experiencing severe FI may be predisposed to accumulating dietary risk factors for chronic diseases.
The utility of discrimination: religious discrimination and governmental legitimacy in Christian-majority countries
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Zellman Ariel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study uses a rational choice approach to argue that an under-theorized and rarely tested cause of governmental discrimination against religious minorities is its popularity. Specifically, we argue that self-interested politicians are more likely to enact discriminatory policies when they believe said discrimination will be popular. These policies, in turn, have payoffs via increased public perceptions of governmental legitimacy. Using the Religion and State project, round 3 and World Values Survey data for members of the majority religion between 1990 and 2014 in 58 Christian-majority countries, we demonstrate that prejudice against members of other religions predicts increased governmental religious discrimination, which is, in turn, associated with higher confidence in government, legislatures, and political parties. While our results are specific to discrimination against religious minorities, this suggests that when discrimination against minorities in general is popular, politicians are likely to oblige.
A dual-frequency measurement setup with fully integrated SiGe-based radar sensors for the size estimation of particulate matter
Authors: Braasch Kennet , Teplyuk Alexander , Bruhn Daniel , Durdaut Phillip , Freiwald Leve , Vogelsang Florian , Pohl Nils , Höft Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paperpresents the measurement procedure as well as the calculations and theoretical background for the estimation of particle sizes with the help of a dual-frequency measurement setup. For the measurement, two fully integrated radar sensors are implemented which offer advantages over typically used technologies at high frequencies. The first sensor has a constant transmitting frequency of 90 GHz while the second sensor offers a possibility to vary the transmitting frequency over the entire D-band with frequencies between 110 and 180 GHz. With these frequencies, different sizes can be determined. The presented approach makes use of the different transitions between the linear increasing Rayleigh scattering regime and the Mie regime. With a fitting indoor measurement setup that resembles an industrial duct, the approach is verified for spheroid glass particles with a diameter of 0.875 mm. The results show a slight deviation from the expected value of particle sizes overall.
Making the Grade: Policy Design and Effects of Information about Government Performance
Authors: Henderson Michael , Davis Belinda C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreasingly, governments report on public service quality, which has the potential to inform evaluations of performance that underlie voters’ opinions and behaviors. We argue these policies have important effects that go beyond informing voters. Specifically, we contend that the format in which policymakers choose to report information will steer the direction of opinion by exacerbating or mitigating biases in information processing. Using the case of school accountability systems in the United States and a variety of experimental and observational approaches, we find that letter grade systems for rating public school performance, as opposed to other reporting formats, exacerbate negativity bias. Public opinion proves more responsive to negative information than to positive information in letter grade systems than in alternate formats. Policymakers, then, do not simply inform public opinion; rather, their decisions about how to present information shape the interpretations that voters ultimately draw from the information provided.
Strong sustainability and the environmental dimension of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Usubiaga-Liaño Arkaitz , Fairbrass Alison , Ekins Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are at the core of the development agenda. Despite their wide adoption, it is still unclear the extent to which they can provide insights on environmental sustainability. The paper presents an assessment of the potential of the indicators used in the SDGs to track environmental sustainability. The results show that only a few SDG indicators describe the state of the environment, and those that do so, do not, generally, have science-based targets that describe whether environmental sustainability conditions are met. The latter aspect should be reinforced in framework that will replace the SDGs after 2030.

Technical summary
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are at the core of the development agenda. Despite their wide adoption, it is still unclear whether they can be used to monitor environmental sustainability, if this is to be understood from a strong sustainability perspective. The paper presents an assessment of the adequacy of the indicator sets used by United Nations, Eurostat, OECD, and the Sustainable Development Solutions Network for strong sustainability monitoring. The results show that most environmental indicators do not have science-based environmental standards that reflect whether natural capital meets environmental sustainability conditions, thereby preventing their use as strong sustainability indicators. While meeting the SDGs would likely contribute to improving environmental performance, on their own they are not adequate to monitor progress toward it. Complementary scientifically grounded metrics are needed to track the underlying state of natural capital that provides non-substitutable functions. The strong sustainability dimension within the SDGs will need to be strengthened in post-2030 sustainable development monitoring framework.

Social media summary
The Sustainable Development Goals are insufficient to monitor environmental sustainability.
Listening Comprehension Tests of Elementary School Students’ First Language Proficiency in Russian and Turkish
Authors: Schotte Kristin , Taraszow Tatjana , Heppt Birgit , Gesner Kris , Stanat Petra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Immigrants’ first language proficiency (L1) is increasingly seen as a resource. However, empirical findings on the role of L1 proficiency in immigrant students’ school success are ambiguous, and more reliable evidence on this issue is needed. We therefore developed L1 proficiency tests for second graders within the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a large-scale study conducted in Germany. The tests assess listening comprehension in Russian and Turkish, the L1s of Germany’s two largest immigrant groups. The present paper describes the NEPS-L1 tests and investigates their validity in two studies (Study 1: N1Russian = 105/ N1Turkish = 145, Study 2: N2Russian = 217/ N2Turkish = 152). Findings on the factorial validity suggest that the tests are global measures of L1 listening comprehension proficiency. Correlations with convergent (e.g., L1 vocabulary) and discriminant (e.g., nonverbal reasoning ability) validation criteria yielded the expected patterns. DIF analyses further revealed that the majority of test items were of similar difficulty for both language groups. We thus conclude that the NEPS-L1 tests are valid measures of second graders’ listening comprehension in Russian and Turkish and can provide important data for research on L1 proficiency.
A First Step in the Co‐Production of a Climate Resilience Research Agenda for the Philadelphia Region
Authors: Kavathekar A. , Tangtrakul K. , Pearl N. , Bader D. , Britton J. , Chapman S. , Graff R. , Granieri M. , Johnson H. , Johnson R. , Linn C. , Owen M. , Rockwell J. , Schulman A. , Wall R. , Payab A. H. , Montalto F. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Philadelphia Region is threatened by anthropogenic climate change, with frontline communities facing disproportionate adverse impacts. To be effective, regional plans for climate resilience need to respond to diverse stakeholder needs, with research and information gathering critical to governance and decision‐making. The Climate Resilience Research Agenda (CRRA) is a co‐produced preliminary list of research activities that, if undertaken, could help to make the Philadelphia region more resilient to climate change. The CRRA process engaged over 100 individuals from over 60 organizations and entities across the region, collaboratively producing key research topics across four working groups: 1. Regional Climate Change and Cascading Hazards, 2. Health and Environmental Vulnerability, 3. Built Environment and Infrastructure System Resilience, and Decarbonization/Electrification of the Energy Sector, and 4. Regional Climate Governance and Adaptive Management. Research topics spanned working groups, and connections between topics highlighted the interconnectedness of climate challenges facing the Philadelphia region. In future project phases, the planning team will iterate and improve the recommendations with feedback from the participants from this process to continue important conversations regarding climate resilience within the region.
Combining a Multi‐Lake Model Ensemble and a Multi‐Domain CORDEX Climate Data Ensemble for Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Lake Sevan
Authors: Shikhani Muhammed , Feldbauer Johannes , Ladwig Robert , Mercado‐Bettín Daniel , Moore Tadhg N. , Gevorgyan Artur , Misakyan Amalya , Mi Chenxi , Schultze Martin , Boehrer Bertram , Shatwell Tom , Barfus Klemens , Rinke Karsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobal warming is shifting the thermal dynamics of lakes, with resulting climatic variability heavily affecting their mixing dynamics. We present a dual ensemble workflow coupling climate models with lake models. We used a large set of simulations across multiple domains, multi‐scenario, and multi GCM‐ RCM combinations from CORDEX data. We forced a set of multiple hydrodynamic lake models by these multiple climate simulations to explore climate change impacts on lakes. We also quantified the contributions from the different models to the overall uncertainty. We employed this workflow to investigate the effects of climate change on Lake Sevan (Armenia). We predicted for the end of the 21st century, under RCP 8.5, a sharp increase in surface temperature and substantial bottom warming , longer stratification periods (+55 days) and disappearance of ice cover leading to a shift in mixing regime. Increased insufficient cooling during warmer winters points to the vulnerability of Lake Sevan to climate change. Our workflow leverages the strengths of multiple models at several levels of the model chain to provide a more robust projection and at the same time a better uncertainty estimate that accounts for the contributions of the different model levels to overall uncertainty. Although for specific variables, for example, summer bottom temperature, single lake models may perform better, the full ensemble provides a robust estimate of thermal dynamics that has a high transferability so that our workflow can be a blueprint for climate impact studies in other systems.