bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between breakfast skipping and postprandial hyperglycaemia after lunch in healthy young individuals
Authors: Ogata Hitomi , Hatamoto Yoichi , Goto Yusuke , Tajiri Eri , Yoshimura Eiichi , Kiyono Ken , Uehara Yoshinari , Kawanaka Kentaro , Omi Naomi , Tanaka Hiroaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBreakfast skipping has become an increasing trend in the modern lifestyle and may play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In our previous studies in healthy young individuals, a single incident of breakfast skipping increased the overall 24-h blood glucose and elevated the postprandial glycaemic response after lunch; however, it was difficult to determine whether this response was due to breakfast omission or the extra energy (i.e. lunch plus breakfast contents). The present study aimed to assess the postprandial glycaemic response and to measure their hormone levels when healthy young individuals had identical lunch and dinner, and the 24-h average blood glucose as a secondary outcome. Nine healthy young men (19−24 years) participated in two-meal trials: with breakfast (three-meal condition) or without breakfast (breakfast skipping condition). During the meals, each individual’s blood glucose was continuously monitored. Skipping breakfast resulted in a significantly higher (P&lt; 0·001) glycaemic response after lunch as compared with the glycaemic response after an identical lunch when breakfast was consumed. Despite the difference in the total energy intake, the 24-h average blood glucose was similar between the two-meal conditions (P= 0·179). Plasma NEFA level was significantly higher (P&lt; 0·05) after lunch when breakfast was omitted, and NEFA level positively correlated with the postprandial glycaemic response (r0·631,P&lt; 0·01). In conclusion, a single incident of breakfast skipping increases postprandial hyperglycaemia, and associated impaired insulin response, after lunch. The present study showed that skipping breakfast influences glucose regulation even in healthy young individuals.
Patient experiences and provider perspectives on a hospital-based food pantry: a mixed methods evaluation study
Authors: Greenthal Eva , Jia Jenny , Poblacion Ana , James Thea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this evaluation study was to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement in programme functioning and common aspects of patients’ experiences at a hospital-based food pantry.Design:Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with patients and a cross-sectional survey for providers were used. Interview transcripts were coded using both inductive and deductive approaches and assessed for inter-rater reliability. Descriptive statistics were produced from quantitative data.Setting:An academic urban safety-net hospital in the Northeastern US offering inpatient and outpatient services.Participants:Thirty patients and 89 providers.Results:Patients expressed feeling comfortable, trusting the food, high satisfaction with food quality, convenience, and lack of stigma at the hospital-based pantry. Patients mentioned the pantry helped them eat more fruits and vegetables, but expressed concerns about the healthfulness of other foods distributed. Providers believed they should discuss food insecurity (FI) with patients (99 %) and that the pantry improves the health of patients (97 %), but faced barriers to consistently screening for FI and referring patients to the pantry, such as insufficient training on FI (53 %) and time constraints (35 %).Conclusions:Findings suggest hospital-based food pantries may have several advantages. Hospitals with onsite food pantries must work to eliminate barriers to FI screening and pantry referral. To optimize their impact, such pantries should develop nutritional guidelines for food donations and connect patients with nutrition education resources. Future research should examine health outcomes for patients using hospital-based food pantries.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of iron-fortified flour on iron status of populations worldwide
Authors: Sadighi Jila , Nedjat Saharnaz , Rostami Rahele 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Assess the effectiveness of iron-fortified flour on iron status.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Denmark, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Mongolia, Morocco, Norway, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, UK, USA, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Zambia.Participants:Fifty-two articles (ninety-four trials) were examined. The main target groups were women, children, and infants/toddlers. The effects of different types of iron-fortified flour (wheat, maize, rice, soy, and beans) on iron status were examined.Results:A random effects analysis of before–after studies showed that iron-fortified flour led to significant increases of mean haemoglobin level (3·360 g/l; 95 % CI: 0·980, 5·730) and mean serum ferritin level (4·518 µg/l; 95 % CI: 2·367, 6·669); significant decreases of anaemia (−6·7 %; 95 % CI: −9·8 %, −3·6 %) and iron deficiency (ID) (−10·4 %; 95 % CI: −14·3 %, −6·5 %); but had no significant effect on iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). A random effects analysis of controlled trials indicated that iron-fortified flour led to significant increases of mean haemoglobin level (2·630 g/l; 95 % CI: 1·310, 3·950) and mean ferritin level (8·544 µg/l; 95 % CI: 6·767, 10·320); and significant decreases of anaemia (−8·1 %; 95 % CI: −11·7 %, −4·4 %), ID (−12·0 %; 95 % CI: −18·9 %, −5·1 %), and IDA (−20·9 %; 95 % CI: −38·4 %, −3·4 %).Conclusions:Flour fortification with iron is an effective public health strategy that improves iron status of populations worldwide.
A Transformational Approach to Resource Analysis with Typed-norms Inference
Authors: ALBERT ELVIRA , GENAIM SAMIR , GUTIÉRREZ RAÚL , MARTIN-MARTIN ENRIQUE 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn order to automatically infer the resource consumption of programs, analyzers track how data sizes change along program’s execution. Typically, analyzers measure the sizes of data by applying norms which are mappings from data to natural numbers that represent the sizes of the corresponding data. When norms are defined by taking type information into account, they are named typed-norms. This article presents a transformational approach to resource analysis with typed-norms that are inferred by a data-flow analysis. The analysis is based on a transformation of the program into an intermediate abstract program in which each variable is abstracted with respect to all considered norms which are valid for its type. We also present the data-flow analysis to automatically infer the required, useful, typed-norms from programs. Our analysis is formalized on a simple rule-based representation to which programs written in different programming paradigms (e.g., functional, logic, and imperative) can be automatically translated. Experimental results on standard benchmarks used by other type-based analyzers show that our approach is both efficient and accurate in practice.
Sensitivity of Ozone Dry Deposition to Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Interactions: A Critical Appraisal of Observations and Simulations
Authors: Lin Meiyun , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena , Paulot Fabien , Horowitz Larry W. , Fares Silvano , Mikkelsen Teis N. , Zhang Leiming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe response of ozone (O3) dry deposition to ecosystem‐atmosphere interactions is poorly understood but is central to determining the potential for extreme pollution events under current and future climate conditions. Using observations and an interactive dry deposition scheme within two dynamic vegetation land models (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory LM3.0/LM4.0) driven by observation‐based meteorological forcings over 1948–2014, we investigate the factors controlling seasonal and interannual variability (IAV) in O3 deposition velocities (Vd,O3). Stomatal activity in this scheme is determined mechanistically, depending on phenology, soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, and CO2 concentration. Soil moisture plays a key role in modulating the observed and simulated Vd,O3 seasonal changes over evergreen forests in Mediterranean Europe, South Asia, and the Amazon. Analysis of multiyear observations at forest sites in Europe and North America reveals drought stress to reduce Vd,O3 by ~50%. Both LM3.0 and LM4.0 capture the observed Vd,O3 decreases due to drought; however, IAV is weaker by a factor of 2 in LM3.0 coupled to atmospheric models, particularly in regions with large precipitation biases. IAV in summertime Vd,O3 to forests, driven primarily by the stomatal pathway, is largest (15–35%) in semiarid regions of western Europe, eastern North America, and northeastern China. Monthly mean Vd,O3 for the highest year is 2 to 4 times that of the lowest, with significant implications for surface O3 variability and extreme events. Using Vd,O3 from LM4.0 in an atmospheric chemistry model improves the simulation of surface O3 abundance and spatial variability (reduces mean biases by ~10 ppb) relative to the widely used Wesely scheme.
Crustal Magmatism and Anisotropy Beneath the Arabian Shield—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Bedrosian P. A. , Peacock J. R. , Dhary M. , Sharif A. , Feucht D. W. , Zahran H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVolcanism in Saudi Arabia includes a historic eruption close to the holy city of Al Madinah. As part of a volcanic hazard assessment of this area, magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected to investigate the structural setting, the distribution of melt within the crust, and the mantle source of volcanism. Interpretation of a new 3‐D resistivity model includes a shallow graben beneath thin lava fields (Harrats), a melt‐free upper crust, and decompression melting in the asthenosphere below thin lithosphere. Within the lower crust the model images elongate conductivity anomalies, one of which was attributed in a previous MT study to melt. The regional MT data, combined with perspective from geology and geophysical modeling, suggest the lower crust is anisotropic with no interconnected melt zones. These divergent interpretations have distinct hazard implications and highlight the importance of large survey aperture and anisotropic modeling to MT studies of volcanic regions. Lower‐crustal anisotropy extends beyond the Harrat, with the most conductive direction oriented N10°E and a factor of 3–5, determined from 2‐D anisotropic inversion, between the most and least conductive directions. The enhanced conductivity is likely due to interconnected grain boundary graphite, while the anisotropy direction reflects either frozen‐in fabric from Neoproterozoic stabilization of the Arabian Shield or modern ductile deformation driven by channelized asthenospheric flow coupled through a thin rigid mantle lid. Asthenospheric melt is interpreted to transect the crust primarily through diking, with limited melt storage and short residence times in the crust.
Reply to Comment by G. Bagheri and C. Bonadonna on “A New One‐Equation Model of Fluid Drag for Irregularly Shaped Particles Valid Over a Wide Range of Reynolds Number”
Authors: Dioguardi Fabio , Mele Daniela , Dellino Pierfrancesco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this manuscript we reply to the issues raised by G. Bagheri and C. Bonadonna in their comment 2019JB017697. We reiterate our definition of particle Reynolds number, which is appropriate for our data set of experimental measurements, and we show that the poor performance of Bagheri and Bonadonna (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.015) model discussed in Dioguardi et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014926) was mainly due to the typos in the equations presented in their original manuscript. We believe that the iterative methodology for calculating the drag coefficient is not strictly necessary for our data set. In this reply, however, we also include results of the intercomparison study among different drag models using the iterative methodology. Results show that the performance of the different drag models considered in the intercomparison study is not significantly affected by the employed methodology (direct vs. iterative) and that, regardless the employed methodology and unlike what has been stated in the comment 2019JB017697, our model has the best performance in reproducing the experimentally measured terminal velocities.
Changing Arctic River Dynamics Cause Localized Permafrost Thaw
Authors: Zheng Lei , Overeem Irina , Wang Kang , Clow Gary D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPermafrost in the Arctic regions is degrading in response to decades of amplified warming. Advanced degradation of ice‐rich permafrost could significantly alter the water balance by increasing runoff and flooding. How do the hydrological changes in river systems, in turn, affect the permafrost thermal state, specifically in floodplains? First, we develop a first‐order heat budget approach to simulate evolving river‐water temperature. The river‐water thermal model includes heat exchanges at both the air‐water and water‐subsurface interfaces and can accurately estimate water temperature. Then, river‐water temperature is employed as an upper boundary condition for the control volume permafrost model, which models the thermal state of shallow permafrost. The combined model is validated and applied in the Kuparuk River floodplain, Alaska. Results indicate that permafrost warms rapidly during inundation and that channelbelt active layer thickness can deepen by more than 1 m. We find that earlier arrival of the spring freshet and associated earlier inundation onset, as well as increase in river discharge, can significantly increase subsurface permafrost temperature and lead to a deepening of the active layer. In recent years Kuparuk River streamflow has arrived earlier, and mean annual river discharge has increased by 35% since the 1970s. New permanent water and seasonal water appeared throughout the river network of the Kuparuk River since the 1980s according to satellite observations. These hydrological changes likely have contributed to the expansion of riverbed thaw bulbs and the degradation of floodplain permafrost.
Role of Development on Youth Decision-Making and Recovery From Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Bernacki Jessica M. , Weimer Amy K. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: With greater numbers of transgender and gender-diverse youth seeking gender-affirming medical care at pediatric health centers ( Chen, Fuqua, & Eugster, 2016 ), it is important for pediatric psychologists to be informed about the needs of this population and the care they may be seeking. Pediatric psychologists are well suited to this role, not only with their history in the development of gender health programs but in the breadth and depth of their overall training ( Cousino, Davis, Ng, & Stancin, 2014 ; Edwards-Leeper & Spack, 2012 ; Palermo et al., 2014 ). Method: This article uses a case study of a 15-year-old transmasculine patient seeking gender-affirming chest surgery to discuss the impact of development on his perception of his surgical result and his immediate emotional adjustment postoperatively. Results: Stage of cognitive development; the presence and stability of co-occurring behavioral health concerns; and awareness and understanding of the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of the discussed procedure were factors identified as important to evaluate when supporting youth pursuing gender-affirming medical care. Conclusions: The goal of this publication is to offer providers factors to consider when working with transgender and gender-diverse youth seeking gender-affirming medical interventions to optimize medical and emotional outcomes. Of particular importance is educating youth in detail about the recovery process and evaluating for the expectation of idealized results. This case study also highlights the value of an interdisciplinary team, with a behavioral health provider, for optimal patient care. Implications for Impact Statement This case highlights the importance of understanding the development of adolescent decision-making, consideration of youths’ ability to engage in future-oriented thinking about their expectations of gender-affirming surgical care, and robust support for youth with prior behavioral health histories.
Using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) With Transgender/Gender Nonconforming Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rider G. Nic , Berg Dianne , Pardo Seth T. , Olson-Kennedy Johanna , Sharp Carla , Tran Kathy M. , Calvetti Sam , Keo-Meier Colton L. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used instrument to screen for emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. This study examined the impact that the choice of scoring template (male/female) had on scale scores in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth as well as scores in the clinical range. Method: The analytic sample consisted of 108 participants (including 55 TGNC children ages 6–11 years and 53 TGNC adolescents ages 12–18 years). Paired samples t tests, McNemar’s test for dependent samples, and Cohen’s d av effect sizes were used for comparisons. Results: While statistically significant differences were found for several syndrome and broad band scale scores, there were largely trivial differences when comparing female versus male templates. Further, the number of scores in the clinical range when comparing male versus female templates were not statistically significantly different. For example, parent/guardian report of transgender boys (12–18 years) showed significant differences between scores based on a male versus female template on 9 of 11 scales; however, only the somatic problems, rule-breaking behavior, and internalizing subscales showed a difference in the number of clinical range scores (albeit not statistically significant). Conclusions: Choice in template does not seem to significantly impact whether a score will be clinically significant or not in this community-based sample. More research that is inclusive of nonbinary youth, with clinical samples, and with larger sample sizes is needed to build upon this preliminary work. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that using the male versus female template for the Child Behavior Checklist does not result in significantly different numbers of scores that fall in the clinical range in this community-based sample of transgender children and adolescents.
Marked isotopic variability within and between the Amazon River and marine dissolved black carbon pools
Authors: Coppola Alysha I. , Seidel Michael , Ward Nicholas D. , Viviroli Daniel , Nascimento Gabriela S. , Haghipour Negar , Revels Brandi N. , Abiven Samuel , Jones Matthew W. , Richey Jeffrey E. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Dittmar Thorsten , Schmidt Michael W. I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRiverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contains charcoal byproducts, termed black carbon (BC). To determine the significance of BC as a sink of atmospheric CO2 and reconcile budgets, the sources and fate of this large, slow-cycling and elusive carbon pool must be constrained. The Amazon River is a significant part of global BC cycling because it exports an order of magnitude more DOC, and thus dissolved BC (DBC), than any other river. We report spatially resolved DBC quantity and radiocarbon (Δ14C) measurements, paired with molecular-level characterization of dissolved organic matter from the Amazon River and tributaries during low discharge. The proportion of BC-like polycyclic aromatic structures decreases downstream, but marked spatial variability in abundance and Δ14C values of DBC molecular markers imply dynamic sources and cycling in a manner that is incongruent with bulk DOC. We estimate a flux from the Amazon River of 1.9–2.7 Tg DBC yr−1 that is composed of predominately young DBC, suggesting that loss processes of modern DBC are important.
A general strategy for diversifying complex natural products to polycyclic scaffolds with medium-sized rings
Authors: Zhao Changgui , Ye Zhengqing , Ma Zhi-xiong , Wildman Scott A. , Blaszczyk Stephanie A. , Hu Lihong , Guizei Ilia A. , Tang Weiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe interrogation of complex biological pathways demands diverse small molecule tool compounds, which can often lead to important therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases. Since natural products are the most valuable source for the discovery of therapeutics, the derivatization of natural products has been extensively investigated to generate molecules for biological screenings. However, most previous approaches only modified a limited number of functional groups, which resulted in a limited number of skeleta. Here we show a general strategy for the preparation of a library of complex small molecules by combining state-of-the-art chemistry – the site-selective oxidation of C-H bonds - with reactions that expand rigid, small rings in polycyclic steroids to medium-sized rings. This library occupies a unique chemical space compared to selected diverse reference compounds. The diversification strategy developed herein for steroids can also be expanded to other types of natural products.
Postnatal Zika virus infection of nonhuman primate infants born to mothers infected with homologous Brazilian Zika virus
Authors: Maness Nicholas J. , Schouest Blake , Singapuri Anil , Dennis Maria , Gilbert Margaret H. , Bohm Rudolf P. , Schiro Faith , Aye Pyone P. , Baker Kate , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Lackner Andrew A. , Bonaldo Myrna C. , Blair Robert V. , Permar Sallie R. , Coffey Lark L. , Panganiban Antonito T. , Magnani Diogo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent data in a nonhuman primate model showed that infants postnatally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) were acutely susceptible to high viremia and neurological damage, suggesting the window of vulnerability extends beyond gestation. In this pilot study, we addressed the susceptibility of two infant rhesus macaques born healthy to dams infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. Passively acquired neutralizing antibody titers dropped below detection limits between 2 and 3 months of age, while binding antibodies remained detectable until viral infection at 5 months. Acute serum viremia was comparatively lower than adults infected with the same Brazilian isolate of ZIKV (n = 11 pregnant females, 4 males, and 4 non-pregnant females). Virus was never detected in cerebrospinal fluid nor in neural tissues at necropsy two weeks after infection. However, viral RNA was detected in lymph nodes, confirming some tissue dissemination. Though protection was not absolute and our study lacks an important comparison with postnatally infected infants born to naïve dams, our data suggest infants born healthy to infected mothers may harbor a modest but important level of protection from postnatally acquired ZIKV for several months after birth, an encouraging result given the potentially severe infection outcomes of this population.