bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of Energy Efficiency Experimental Research Using MLBE Building’s Automation and Control System
Authors: Romanska-Zapala Anna , Furtak Marcin , Fedorczak-Cisak Malgorzata , Dechnik Miroslaw , Grzywocz Karina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Due to the increasing requirements in the field of buildings’ energy saving, impossible to meet only due to the thermal insulation of the building envelope, it is necessary to pay attention to the energy efficiency of technical installations and application of automatic control systems. Computer simulations on the building structure or functioning of its individual installations in the context of limiting its energy consumption, performed by Design Builder – type computer programs, are a very useful tool. However, in the case of simulation studies on the impact of automatic control systems on energy efficiency, the results are often overly optimistic – they are overestimated in comparison to results achieved in actual environments. Therefore, the results obtained should be validated in an actual environment. This paper presents the Małopolska Laboratory of Energy Efficient Building (MLBE) of Cracow University of Technology, which provides an opportunity to perform experimental actual scale research of building automation systems to improve buildings energy efficiency and occupants’ comfort. This paper includes a detailed description of MLBE’s building automation and control system. Furthermore, this paper presents possibilities and an example methodology of energy efficiency’s experimental study using BACS system.
Multi-Source Cooling System Control in the MLBE Building – a Pilot Experimental Study
Authors: Romanska-Zapala Anna , Furtak Marcin , Dechnik Miroslaw , Grzywocz Karina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Computer simulations of buildings in the context of improving their energy efficiency, performed by the Design Builder – type computer programs, are a very useful tool. However, in the case of simulation studies on the impact of automatic control systems on the energy efficiency of buildings, the results are often overly optimistic. Energy savings are overestimated in comparison to the results achieved in the real environments. Therefore the results obtained by the simulations should be validated in a real environment. The Małopolska Laboratory of Energy Efficient Building (MLBE) of Cracow University of Technology provides an opportunity to perform an experimental real scale research of the building automation systems to improve the buildings energy efficiency and occupants’ comfort. This paper presents a part of the multi-source cooling system with selected cooling sources and room’s cooling methods, implemented in the MLBE building. The purpose of the summer study was to verify the work of selected technical equipment and installations that realize the cooling process in actual conditions. A gas heat pump and a passive cooling system using the cooling capacity of the soil were used. Furthermore, the fan coil units and the plane systems were used at the room level. Together with the possibilities of the building automation and control system implemented in MLBE, the results shown in this paper will become – in the future planned research – a base for creating optimized algorithms for controlling the studied system in the context of the search for energy-efficient installation and programming solutions. The obtained results will form the basis to develop more effective control strategies for the tested cooling system, both in the economic context as well as in the context of the required users´ comfort.
Attempt at Numerical Representation of Gas Explosion in a Large Panel Building
Authors: Kadela Marta , Cincio Andrzej , Fedorowicz Jan , Gerylo Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Analysis of the construction market in Poland and its trends in the recent years indicates a resurgence of prefabricated technology in residential construction. The main period of prefabrication development in Poland was in the 1970s. when it was referred to as large panel. According to a report by Building Research Institute, buildings constructed with large panels are characteristics for their high durability and any damage occurring in the buildings built using the technology can be divided into two groups. The first is damage similar to that occurring in traditional construction, such as damage to partition walls, roof covering or installations. The other is damage related to the prefabrication technology itself, i.e. the production of elements (material damage) and their assembly (damage at connections). Other potential threats include mining activity in the case of buildings located in mining areas and gas explosions related to the gas systems present in this type of building. This paper, therefore, attempts to recreate the process and consequences of an explosion in a closed room of a multi-family building using a numerical model. The simulations are based on: literature data (concerning calculating and applying explosion actions) and own experience in assessing the response of a concrete structure described using an elastic-plastic-damage (e-p-d) model. The result of the analyses included indication of areas directly affected by risk of loss of stability (with potential expansion of disaster area). The paper also presents the effect of “expulsion” of an external wall due to explosion. It was found that structure failure states obtained in the analyses are fully compatible in qualitative sense with observed real construction disasters caused by explosions. Real quantitative trustworthiness should result from laboratory tests of materials from which the buildings under analysis are built of.
Case Study: The Strengthening and Rehabilitation of a School Building with Poor Construction Quality
Authors: Sanassee Laksham , Seeboo Asish 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Old infrastructure in most small islands developing states were built with poor construction quality leading to reduced concrete strength and load changes in these buildings are very common. Consequently, these structures have shown signs of premature damages and their service life remain elusive. This article deals with the inspection, assessment and strengthening of a reinforced concrete building, in Mauritius that is currently being used as a public school. The building was built in the year two thousands and is two storeys high. The establishment wants to add an additional storey on the existing building to increase student population. However, the building is showing signs of distress resulted from poor construction quality. The columns are misaligned on all three levels and the slab thickness is inadequate causing excessive vibration on the floors. The managements are not in favour of pulling down the existing building as they will have to abide by the new building regulations which will consequently decrease the allowable buildable area and will cause major disruption to the day to day activities. Therefore, the most feasible solution is to strengthen the load carrying capacity of members which have become structurally deficient over time to make the building safe and adopt to the addition of one storey above the existing building.
The Lost Streams of Ankara: A Case Study of Bentderesi
Authors: Kaymaz Isıl 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to provide a critical overview of the management of Ankara’s streams in the historical context of the city’s urbanization process and focuses on one particular example Bentderesi (Bent stream). Prior to Ankara’s declaration as a capital city and during the early periods of the young Republic of Turkey, the streams and creeks of the city were the significant destinations for public recreation and they were also used for freshwater supply and fishing. However, ironically, these streams had caused the most damage to their surroundings due to floods several times. For instance, in 1957, the flood along the Hatip Stream affected many areas along its bed, including Mamak, Saimekadın, Gülveren, Bentderesi, Dışkapı, Kazıkiçi vegetable gardens and Akköprü which led to many casualties and serious physical damage. At the same time, some of these streams had been highly polluted and literally had become open sewers. These all led to a drastic change in the urban landscape of Ankara; many streams and creeks were channelized and paved over. Bentderesi was one of them. Actually, Bentderesi (meaning barraged creek) is part of the Hatip Stream. It takes this name near the old settlement area, the Ankara Citadel. According to the literature, Bentderesi name comes from the dam structures on the creek built in Roman times. Unfortunately, the ruins had not been protected or conserved and are invisible today. Currently, vehicle traffic flows along “Bentderesi Street” which was built overtop the channelized river. Although the first plans for the newly established capital made use of Bentderesi and its surroundings as green spaces for leisure and ecological benefits, it became a slum area after it had been channelized. Today, Ankara is facing with water supply problems and the global climate change scenarios do not seem promising as well. Furthermore, there has been a rise in floods occurring in the urban fabric due to the increased impermeable paved surfaces overtop the creek and streams and their beds. Restoring and re-discovering the lost stream landscapes of the city would be a major, but at the same time an incredibly exciting challenge for Ankara and its urban landscape in terms of both ecological and social sustainability. In this regard, this paper will address to the conflicts between policies and the need for conservation of water surfaces of Ankara within the specific example of Bentderesi.
An Analysis Of Architectural (Full Design) Project Development Phases: From An Idea to The Construction Works
Authors: Profeanu Virgil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a useful algorithm which can be applied in the development of a design and construction project, in order to reach a pertinent conclusion on investing or not in it. The algorithm describes the chronological process through which any investor should go through. Every step of this process implies additional costs and will be taken only if the algorithm indicates so. Firstly, the paper enlightens the main steps in developing a design and construction project financed through public resources. In this case, the process has a clear path due to the legislation in the field imposed in Romania. After that, it continues with defining the steps for a similar project but financed through private resources. This is a more complicated case because the private investor has fewer financial resources and in the opportunity stage, for the most part, he does not own the site for the future project. Therefore, a private investor has to pay more attention to every step taken in the investment decision, especially in the construction domain. The interest in studying these processes derived from my observations on my company’s clients’ needs when taking decisions related to design and construction projects. It is obvious that the standard business plan is not sufficient in developing such a project. In addition, these specific projects have different involvements from other types of projects that were taken into account when proposing the algorithm. Consequently, the algorithm from this paper was elaborated based on my personal experience in over 40 design and construction projects as an entrepreneur and on the literature review I carried out.
Cycling Mobility for a Green Micro-Economic Development of the Apennines Inlands
Authors: Di Ludovico Donato , D’Ovidio Gino , Santilli Debora 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper refers to a research project on the cycling mobility micro-economic effects in the highland of Navelli located in the Apennines Inland of Abruzzo (Italy), one of the greenest Region in Europe (30% of its territory consists of parks and protected areas). The study proposes a green economic development model based on cycling tourism, territorial/architecture enhancement, built heritage recovery and micro entrepreneurial activities in the receptive field. To this purpose, a main cycling path is mostly realized through an ancient sheep track and associated with complementary cycle trail is designed. The study results are illustrated and discussed in terms of economic (costs, revenues income) social and environmental benefits.
Application of the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Method in the Creation of Models of Historical Buildings
Authors: Pawlowicz Joanna A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Renovation or modernization of a historical building involves creating its model. An accurate 3D representation of a building can be used e.g. to analyse the possibilities of renovating or recovering its damaged elements. This paper discusses examples of how helpful 3D laser scanning can be in creating models of historical buildings. This technology is of particular importance when it comes to representing decorative architectural details. To create a 3D image of a building using reverse engineering one must first gather on-site data by means of terrestrial laser scanning in the form of a point cloud. This paper describes the process of creating a model of a historical building by means of the TIN method using Leica’s Cyclone programme. The on-site measurements were taken using a ScanStation C10 scanner, also by Leica.
Air Purification in Highly-Urbanized Areas with Use TiO2: New Approach to Design the Urban Public Space to Benefit Human Condition
Authors: Januszkiewicz Krystyna , Kowalski Karol G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper deal with the possibilities of architectural design to benefit human condition, which encompasses physical well-being, environmental quality of life in highly-urbanized areas. Nowadays, the urban pollution is rising on a global scale. The paper is focused on a new possibility to resolve the problem of air purification in big cities by advanced architectural design public use spaces in the urban environment. The first part of the paper depicts possible usage of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) technology - nanoparticles of TiO2, as a building materials component. These components are the latest findings in the field of nanomaterials development, and their effectiveness due to the usage of the photocatalysis, which depends on eliminating various atmospheric pollutants and especially clearing the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides. These components together with calcium carbonate to neutralize any acidic gasses that may be adsorbed. Photoactive construction materials are mainly activated under UV light irradiation. The second part presents the results of the research program Climate Change Adapted Architecture and Building Structures which has been conducted by Krystyna Januszkiewicz (the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture for a few years at West Pomeranian University of Technology (WPUT) in Szczecin. The presented designs were developed with co-operation, Magdalena Janus and Kamila Bogacz (Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering) as applications samples of titanium dioxide technology (photocatalytic active building materials) in the urban space. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the usage of titanium technology, as a construction materials component such as concrete and gypsum or a component of active membrane fabrics opens a new way in architecture and structure designing in the urban public space. This is indispensable to improve citizens’ health and to clear the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides or the volatile organic compounds and serves also as the basis to newly-built communities.
Wind Tunnel Experiment for Pedestrian Wind Comfort in Sun Valley Campus
Authors: Othmani Marabout Lyna , Anton Anton 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Various urban spaces around the world, were designed and built in respect with the design theories in order to satisfy different requests of users and inhabitants and to provide a quality urban spaces. The use of these spaces by the city citizen depends on many factors that influence their decision while choosing the urban space where to spend time. Among these factors, the comfort provided in any area is a crucial determinant that depend mainly on a wide range of climatic parameters such as air temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, solar radiation etc. However, the impact of the micro-climates parameters on the user’s comfort in these open spaces has often been ignored and architects tend to pay more attention and consider the indoor comfort, but they may not consider the effect of their buildings on the outdoor environment, and pedestrian comfort. The article concerns an experimental study on the effects of the wind velocity on the pedestrian comfort and safety in a campus inside a bigger project called Laser Valley Land of Lights. With the purpose to provide a project with a complete harmony with the physical elements of the environment. Due to the fact that the interaction between the wind and the city buildings, create aerodynamic phenomena around building that impact directly the outdoor environment and make the study of the human outdoor comfort more complex. The study was carried out at the Aerodynamics and Wind Engineering Laboratory “Constantin Iamandi” (LAIV) from the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (UTCB). The project Laser Valley Land of Lights aims to implement the world’s most powerful laser, Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics ELI NP Project. The campus under study won an international competition by providing an open research ecosystem taking into consideration that is based on green building and sustainable development. In this paper we describe the result obtained from the experiment performed in the TASL1-M Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel on the effects of the wind on the pedestrian comfort and the mitigation solution proposed for the critical and uncomfortable areas detected.
A Point Cloud as the Starting Database for Reconstruction of Architectural and Constructional Documentation of Rural Cottage with the Use of CAD Programs
Authors: Pawlowicz Joanna A. , Szafranko Elzbieta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Modern rural buildings have usually simple form and uncomplicated layout of the rooms. And there is no decorative elements and architectural details. It is different in the case of historic buildings. Their design is usually quite complex and rich in detail. In order to carry out repairs or reconstruction of such a building it is necessary to perform the design and cost estimate on the basis of the existing facility. In the case of old buildings, this can be problematic due to the lack of documentation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an inventory of the object and restoring its technical documentation. 3D laser scanning is an accurate and relatively fast method. With the use of engineering software, building or even the entire habitat can be projected and drawn out in the form of any of the sections and views. In addition, the resulting three-dimensional object model can facilitate the distribution of the various functions associated with agricultural production and housing in the facility.
Systemic integrated approach to evaluating the resource potential of a construction company as a bidder
Authors: Lapidus A.A. , Abramov I.L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the last few decades, the Russian construction market has seen competition grow fierce among contractors. All of the market players strive to surpass their competitors, while the clients face a serious task of organizing the bidding procedures in keeping with internal regulations and in line with the federal law on procurement. This paper suggests a mathematical model which uses the systemic integrated approach to evaluate the resource potential of a construction company participating in the procurement process. To this effect, research of international procurement experience has been conducted and its findings have enabled the authors to outline and assess the key factors shaping the behavior of the suggested model. As a result of the research, recommendations have been developed for an efficient systemic integrated evaluation of the resource potential of a construction company in order to improve the quality of procurement processes in the construction sector.
Passive Cooling in the System of a Heat Pump with a Vertical Ground Collector
Authors: Rabczak Slawomir , Proszak-Miasik Danuta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Heat pumps from more than ten years are known as an alternative source of thermal energy. They are primarily used for central heating and domestic hot water preparation. Next to the solar collectors, they are the cheapest and easiest way to save energy. But heat pump can also be used for cooling. Heat can spontaneously flow from a colder to a hotter body. Flows from a body with a higher temperature to a body with a lower temperature are commonly known as the second law of thermodynamics. The heat pump pulled out of cooler ambient heat which may be used for central heating or for domestic hot water. There are many types of cooling pumps. This depends mainly on the type of pump, and actually kind of heat source that can be used in two ways: as a heat receiving surface - or as a source of cooling for utilization. Knowing the general principle of operation of the pump, we can introduce innovative technologies that allow more devices to reduce the operating costs. In this solution, the heat pump installation, initially designed only for heating or, ultimately, also for cooling purposes, enables the use of a system that will be based on the part of the installation associated with the lower heat source, but not as a source of heat but as a source of coolness. This system is often referred to as “natural cooling” or as a passive cooling system. In such a system, during the production of chilled water, a significant reduction in production costs is obtained due to the lack of energy consumption for the drive of refrigeration compressors, and only the use of circulation pumps for the lower and upper circulation of the heat source. The disadvantage of this solution is the limitation resulting from the situation of close connections between ground temperature and chilled water temperature in the supply, which causes the limitation of its use for the period beyond the maximum peak demand for cold in the cooling season, i.e. most often at the highest outside temperatures. Thanks to the economical use of electricity, we can contribute to protect the environment.
Steel Beams and their Plastic Bending-share Resistance
Authors: Juhas Pavol , Juhasova Senitkova Ingrid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The theoretical analysis, experimental investigation and calculation of the plastic bending-shear resistance of the steel cross-section beams are presented within the paper. The original theoretical analysis of the plastic bending-shear resistance of the hybrid steel beams with the compact I cross-sections is also presented. They can have cross-sections combined from different steels, where flanges are forms of the higher strength steels and the web is from the middle steel. The theoretical calculations take into consideration the actual international standards for the design of the steel structures. The experimental program has comprised the tests of 24 simple rolled beams with IPE160 cross-section. The obtained experimental results are evaluated and compared with the corresponding theoretical results.