bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dragon and the River: Poetic Parallelism in Hazardous Research
Authors: Zani Leah 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYI offer poetic parallelism as evidence for an ethnography of authoritarian power in Laos and as a conceptual frame for understanding hazards in ethnography and anthropological knowledge production. Parallel poems take the form of juxtaposed statements, often characterized by multiplicity and contradiction. In an authoritarian context marked by state violence, the very form of the parallels is data on Lao society. I examine poetic parallels as a provocation to write field poems rather than field notes.
At the “Love Commandos”: Narratives of Mobility Among Intercaste Couples in a Delhi Safe House
Authors: Sadana Rashmi 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYMeeting runaway intercaste couples hiding in a safe house in Delhi led me to reflect on the kinds of mobility at work in their lives and in the city today. By highlighting the social and physical parameters of their mobility in a single ethnographic context, I argue that it is the quest for mobility rather than an expression of individual choice that is most significant about their flouting of social norms.
Fiction/Creative Nonfiction First Prize
Authors: Yarbakhsh Elisabeth 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYFiction provides a way through the ethical quagmire brought about by the necessity of providing both anonymity to research participants and an honest account of the field. Sheyda, the main protagonist in this short story, is a compilation of three Afghan women who make an appearance only in fragmentary form in my doctoral thesis. Her story, as it is told here, exposes the multiple tragedies and indignities that circumscribe Afghan life in contemporary Iran.
On a Hill with No Name
Authors: Champney Brynn 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYThis narrative, based on fieldwork in Rwanda in 2008, shifts between two women who share the same physical space but lack the ability to communicate verbally: the novice anthropologist and the eldest woman in her host family's household. The Rwandan woman, Claire, speaks in the first person, while a third‐person narrative follows the student anthropologist, who is never named. I intend this choice to speak against the power inequity, select humanizing, and traditional focus on the Western protagonist. The anthropologist wants to hear this woman's voice but only hears her story told by more powerful male voices. Because Claire doesn't actually speak, her “voice” is only imagined, projected, and misrepresented through the words of a woman who is far removed from her. This is profoundly problematic. I have no solution, only a desire to grapple with the troubling questions surrounding speaking for the subaltern, versus not attempting to speak on behalf of anyone at all. This attempt to share Claire's voice falls short in every way, but the attempt is still important. Her story deserves to be heard and read, despite the inadequacies of the author. How can we co‐create more nuanced and transparent ways of doing this?
Collapse of farmland bird populations in an Eastern European country following its EU accession
Authors: Reif Jiří , Vermouzek Zdeněk 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEastern European countries are considered a stronghold for the continent's farmland biodiversity. The abundance of farmland birds is one important element of this biodiversity. At the end of the 20th century, member states of the European Union (EU) experienced serious population declines of farmland birds due to agricultural intensification, which was not observed in the Eastern European nonmember states. In 2004, 10 mostly Eastern European countries acceded to the EU. It is thus important to ask whether this historical step resulted in changes of agricultural production and, in turn, in farmland bird populations. Here we used annual crop yields and monitoring data on farmland bird abundance in an Eastern European new EU‐member state and showed that agricultural production intensified and farmland bird populations declined steeply after country's EU accession. These results indicate that entering EU's Common Agricultural Policy caused significant deterioration of farmland biodiversity in a once biodiversity‐rich region.
Leisure Experiences of Military Couples Postdeployment
Authors: Chandler Kelly D. , Dattilo John , Derrick Taff B. , Moeller Jeremy 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis qualitative study was designed to explore how leisure is experienced by military couples postdeployment and the extent to which couples use leisure to cope with deployment or promote reintegration.BackgroundTo date, many studies have investigated how deployment affects relationship quality and stability. There is a dearth of literature on the leisure experiences of combat veterans and their spouses. Studying couples' leisure experiences may illuminate underlying processes that can explain couple relationship quality postdeployment.MethodTen combat veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) and their spouses/partners participated in separate in‐depth, face‐to‐face interviews about their perceptions of leisure and relationship experiences postdeployment.ResultsFour themes emerged: (a) deployment changes veterans and couples' leisure, (b) spouses support leisure and reintegration postdeployment, (c) leisure provides insight into military and deployment experiences, and (d) deployment helps couples cultivate appreciation.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that everyday couple leisure experiences (e.g., watching movies, doing home projects) may be integral in fostering reintegration postdeployment.ImplicationsPractitioners are encouraged to educate military couples about the potential of free or inexpensive leisure experiences to promote reintegration by providing daily opportunities for positive interactions and creating contexts to share enjoyable moments.
Hold on Tight: Coping Strategies of Persons With Bipolar Disorder and Their Partners
Authors: Granek Leeat , Danan Dor , Bersudsky Yuly , Osher Yamima 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo explore coping strategies for persons with bipolar affective disorder and their partners.BackgroundBipolar disorder poses interpersonal and practical challenges for patients and their partners. Although the divorce rate is high among persons with bipolar disorder, few studies have examined how these people and their partners cope with the condition.Method11 persons with bipolar affective disorder and 10 partners of people with bipolar affective disorder were interviewed separately about coping. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory method.ResultsBoth patients and partners reported that coping strategies included professional help, social support, and emotional, instrumental, and religious coping strategies.ConclusionsPersons with bipolar disorder and their partners draw on similar coping strategies, but the former draw more on social support and instrumental coping strategies, and their partners draw on emotional coping strategies. Both members of the couple are dependent on the use of professional support—psychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial—when it is readily available and easily accessible, and this was a key aspect of coping with the disorder.ImplicationsClinical interventions should focus on providing support for partners, who are integral to the health and well‐being of persons with bipolar disorder and who experience substantial strain associated with their caregiving duties. Focusing on strategies to strengthen the spousal relationship is an essential aspect of care.
Health champions in South London: evaluation of training, and impact on public health
Authors: Micallef Ricarda , Grewal Jaspal Singh , Khan Sharifah , Wells Joshua , Kayyali Reem 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The Healthy Living Pharmacy framework, introduced in England in 2008, provides a tailored approach to the implementation of pharmacy services locally, facilitated by qualified ‘Health Champions’ (HCs). The study aimed to evaluate the perceived value of the 1-day level 2 HC training by assessing knowledge and confidence of HC pre- and post-training, and changes in practice. The views of additional stakeholders on factors that either obstructed or facilitated pharmacy engagement are also explored.

Methods
This study used a mixed method approach. Pre- and post-training surveys evaluating HC pre-existing knowledge and understanding of their role were used. Additionally, qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with four key groups: participating pharmacists, non-participating pharmacists, Local Pharmaceutical Committee leads and Public Health Leads from Public Health England.

Key findings
A total of 354 pre-training evaluation surveys were completed on the training day (100%), compared to 54 post-evaluation postal surveys with a 19% (n = 54/282) response rate. The post-evaluation of the training indicated that 83% (n = 45) of qualified HC were actively implementing their new role, with observed increased confidence and service provision. From the 22 interviews conducted two major themes emerged including: Training and Impact. Training had a positive impact on staff knowledge and confidence plus service delivery.

Conclusion
An immediate impact was observed in increasing HC knowledge and confidence, service delivery and awareness of facilities for patient sign-posting. There was no statistical evidence to support a positive effect stemming from training on services. However, it was identified that time and further training were needed to both provide and assess value within local public health.
Colour pattern component phenotypic divergence can be predicted by the light environment
Authors: Kranz Alexandrea M. , Cole Gemma L. , Singh Priti , Endler John A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sensory drive hypothesis predicts that across different light environments sexually selected colour patterns will change to increase an animal's visual communication efficiency within different habitats. This is because individuals with more efficient signal components are likely to have more successful matings and hence produce more offspring. However, how colour pattern signals change over multiple generations under different light environmental conditions has not been tested experimentally. Here, we manipulated colour pattern signal efficiency by providing different ambient light environments over multiple generations to examine whether male colour pattern components change within large replicated populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We report that colour patches change within populations over time and are phenotypically different among our three different light environments. Visual modelling suggests that the majority of these changes can be understood by considering the chroma, hue and luminance of each colour patch as seen by female guppies under each light environment. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that different environmental conditions during signal reception can directly or indirectly drive the phenotypic diversification of visual signals within species.
Comparison of wiping and rinsing techniques after oral care procedures in critically ill patients during endotracheal intubation and after extubation: A prospective cross‐over trial
Authors: Muramatsu Keita , Matsuo Koichiro , Kawai Yusuke , Yamamoto Tsukasa , Hara Yoshitaka , Shimomura Yasuyo , Yamashita Chizuru , Nishida Osamu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimEndotracheal intubation of critically ill patients increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia, which can be reduced by regular oral care. However, the rinsing of the residual oral contaminants after mechanical cleaning carries the risk of aspirating the residue during the intubation period. Removing the contaminants by wiping with mouth wipes could be an alternative to rinsing with water because of no additional fluid. This study tested: (i) the amount of oral bacteria during endotracheal intubation and after extubation; and (ii) the changes in the bacterial count during oral care procedures.MethodsThirty‐five mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit were enrolled. The amount of bacteria on the dorsal tongue surface was counted before and following oral care and then after the elimination of contaminants either by rinsing with water and suctioning or by wiping with mouth wipes. The oral bacterial amount was compared statistically between the intubation and extubation status and among set time points during the oral care procedure.ResultsThe oral bacterial count was significantly decreased after extubation. During the oral care procedure, the oral bacterial amount was significantly lower after eliminating the contaminants either by rinsing or wiping, with no remarkable difference between the elimination techniques.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the oral bacterial amount is elevated during endotracheal intubation, which could increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. The significant reduction in the bacterial count by wiping indicates that it might be a suitable alternative to rinsing for mechanically ventilated patients.
Geography, productivity, and trade: Does selection explain why some locations are more productive than others?
Authors: Accetturo Antonio , Di Giacinto Valter , Micucci Giacinto , Pagnini Marcello 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo main hypotheses are usually put forward to explain the productivity advantages of larger cities: agglomeration economies and firm selection. Combes et al. (2012) propose an empirical approach to disentangle these two effects and find no impact of selection on local productivity differences. We theoretically show that selection effects do emerge when heterogeneous trade costs and the different spatial scale at which agglomeration and selection may work are properly taken into account. Our empirical findings confirm that agglomeration effects play a major role. However, they also show a substantial increase in the importance of the selection effect.
The Mobilization of Evangelical Protestants in the Nonprofit Sector: Parachurch Foundings Across U.S. Counties, 1998–2016
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , McCarthy John D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe political mobilization of evangelicals has been widely chronicled, but their mobilization in the civil sector has received far less attention. That mobilization is embodied in parachurch organizations, which are nonprofits infused with religious purpose but independent of congregations and denominations. Here we examine the features of local communities that account for variation in the creation of parachurch organizations. Drawing upon a broad number of theoretical approaches, we develop a series of expectations about the variation in parachurch foundings across counties. Using IRS registration records and a diverse set of other secondary data sources, we assess the impact of religious structures and cultures, organizational densities, and government and social movement contexts on parachurch foundings across U.S. counties. Our analysis finds that counties with higher rates of adherence to evangelical Protestantism generate more parachurch organizations, but only if the county is not too saturated by evangelicals. On the other hand, counties with higher rates of adherence to Catholic, mainline Protestant, and Latter‐Day Saint traditions generate fewer parachurch organizations.
Hybrid Probabilistic–Possibilistic Treatment of Uncertainty in
Building Energy Models: A Case Study of Sizing Peak Cooling
Loads
Authors: Khayatian Fazel , MeshkinKiya Maryam , Baraldi Piero , Di Maio Francesco , Zio Enrico 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Optimal sizing of peak loads has proven to be an important factor affecting the overall energy consumption of heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Uncertainty quantification of peak loads enables optimal configuration of the system by opting for a suitable size factor. However, the representation of uncertainty in HVAC sizing has been limited to probabilistic analysis and scenario-based cases, which may limit and bias the results. This study provides a framework for uncertainty representation in building energy modeling, due to both random factors and imprecise knowledge. The framework is shown by a numerical case study of sizing cooling loads, in which uncertain climatic data are represented by probability distributions and human-driven activities are described by possibility distributions. Cooling loads obtained from the hybrid probabilistic–possibilistic propagation of uncertainty are compared to those obtained by pure probabilistic and pure possibilistic approaches. Results indicate that a pure possibilistic representation may not provide detailed information on the peak cooling loads, whereas a pure probabilistic approach may underestimate the effect of uncertain human behavior. The proposed hybrid representation and propagation of uncertainty in this paper can overcome these issues by proper handling of both random and limited data.
Utility of proactive infliximab levels in paediatric Crohn’s disease
Authors: Burgess Christopher J , Reilly Claire , Steward-Harrison Lana , Balouch Fariha , Lewindon Peter J 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveInfliximab (IFX) has an established role in Crohn’s disease (CD), with serum trough levels of IFX (TLI) increasingly used to optimise dosing. We report the utility of routine, proactive TLI in children on combination therapy with immunosuppression (IS) from a single paediatric centre.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of all children with CD receiving IFX therapy conducted betweenJanuary 2014–May 2017. Clinical phenotype, duration of therapy, TLI (µg/mL), drug antibodies, type of IS, biomarkers and changes in management were recorded.Results60 children (8–17 years; median 14.1 years) had 206 TLIs recorded. 56/60 (93%) were on IS, with 5/60 (8%) developing antidrug antibodies (ADAs). 63/206 TLIs were recorded duringan episode of relapse (median 3.0 µg/mL) vs 143/206 TLIs recorded in remission (median 5.2 µg/mL). For children with TLI <3 µg/mL, 31/63 (49%) were in relapse vs 30/143 (21%) in remission. For children with TLI >7 µg/mL, 7/63 (11%) were in relapse vs 46/143 (32%) in remission. Change in management resulted from 43/206 (21%) TLIs in 31/60 (52%) children: 21 dose escalations, 12 de-escalations and 10 changed to adalimumab. Of 31 postinduction TLIs, 15/17 (88%) children with TLI >7 µg/mL achieved clinical and biochemical remission for the duration of therapy (median 14 months), while 4/5 (80%) children with TLI <3 µg/mL required early dose escalation. Combination therapy with thiopurines (TP) (median TLI 4.9 µg/mL) versus methotrexate (MTX) (median TLI 5.2 µg/mL) achieved comparable levels with no difference in relapse frequency.ConclusionsRoutine, proactive TLIs guide optimal management in children with CD. Postinduction and during maintenance, levels <3 µg/mL were associated with relapse and levels >7 µg/mL with sustained remission. Combination IS with TP and MTX appears to offer comparable TLI and ADA rates.
Policies supporting informal caregivers across Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Khayatzadeh-Mahani Akram , Leslie Myles 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionAs the population ages, governments worldwide have begun seeking ways to support informal caregiving. In this light, Canada is no exception, but despite the centrality of the informal care strategy in elder care, we know little about the intertwining and overlapping policies that have been implemented to support informal caregivers providing assistance to the elderly, and to fellow citizens with disabilities. This review aims to identify the diversity of Canadian national, provincial and territorial policies supporting informal caregivers. It seeks, from its generalist focus on all informal care, to draw out specific observations and lessons for the elder care policy environment.Methods and analysisGiven the vast and multidisciplinary nature of the literature on informal care policy, as well as the paucity of existing knowledge syntheses, we will adopt a scoping review methodology. We will follow the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley that entails six stages, including: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) searching for relevant studies; (3) selecting studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results; (6) and conducting consultation exercises. We will conduct these stages iteratively and reflexively, making adjustments and repetitions when appropriate to ensure we have covered the literature as comprehensively as possible. We will pursue an iterative integrated knowledge translation (iKT) strategy engaging our knowledge users through all stages of the review.Ethics and disseminationBy adopting an iKT strategy we will ensure our knowledge users directly contribute to the project’s policy relevant publications. Upon completion of the review, we will present the findings at academic conferences, publishing a research report, along with an academic peer-reviewed article. Our intent is to develop an online, free-access evidence repository that catalogues the full range of Canada’s English language informal care support policies. Finally, the completed review will allow us to publish a series of policy briefs in collaboration with knowledge users illustrating how to promote and better implement informal care support policies. Our study has received ethics approval from the University of Calgary Conjoint Ethics Board.
Implementing infection prevention practices across European hospitals: an in-depth qualitative assessment
Authors: Clack Lauren , Zingg Walter , Saint Sanjay , Casillas Alejandra , Touveneau Sylvie , da Liberdade Jantarada Fabricio , Willi Ursina , van der Kooi Tjallie , Damschroder Laura J , Forman Jane H , Harrod Molly , Krein Sarah , Pittet Didier , Sax Hugo 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe Prevention of Hospital Infections by Intervention and Training (PROHIBIT) project included a cluster-randomised, stepped wedge, controlled study to evaluate multiple strategies to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection. We report an in-depth investigation of the main barriers, facilitators and contextual factors relevant to successfully implementing these strategies in European acute care hospitals.MethodsQualitative comparative case study in 6 of the 14 European PROHIBIT hospitals. Data were collected through interviews with key stakeholders and ethnographic observations conducted during 2-day site visits, before and 1 year into the PROHIBIT intervention. Qualitative measures of implementation success included intervention fidelity, adaptation to local context and satisfaction with the intervention programme.ResultsThree meta-themes emerged related to implementation success: ‘implementation agendas’, ‘resources’ and ‘boundary-spanning’. Hospitals established unique implementation agendas that, while not always aligned with the project goals, shaped subsequent actions. Successful implementation required having sufficient human and material resources and dedicated change agents who helped make the intervention an institutional priority. The salary provided for a dedicated study nurse was a key facilitator. Personal commitment of influential individuals and boundary spanners helped overcome resource restrictions and intrainstitutional segregation.ConclusionThis qualitative study revealed patterns across cases that were associated with successful implementation. Consideration of the intervention–context relation was indispensable to understanding the observed outcomes.