bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporter PET Images Bortezomib Treatment-Mediated Suppression of Cancer Cell Proteasome Activity
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Jung Kyung-Ho , Quach Cung Hoa Thien , Park Jin Won , Moon Seung Hwan , Cho Young Seok , Lee Kyung-Han 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProteasomal protein degradation is a promising target for cancer therapy. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) technique based on the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene fused with the carboxyl-terminal of ornithine decarboxylase (cODC) that noninvasively images cancer cells with inhibited proteasome activity. A retroviral vector was constructed in which the murine cODC degron was fused to the human NIS gene (NIS-cODC). Transiently transduced CT26 and HT29 colon cancer cells and stably expressing CT26/NIS-cODC cells were prepared. In cancer cells transiently transduced with NIS-cODC, NIS expression and transport activity was low at baseline, but NIS protein and 125I uptake was significantly increased by inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib. Stable CT26/NIS-cODC cells also showed increased cytosolic and membrane NIS by bortezomib, and four different stable clones displayed bortezomib dose-dependent stimulation of 125I and 99mTc-04− uptake. Importantly, bortezomib dose-dependently suppressed survival of CT26/NIS-cODC clones in a manner that closely correlated to the magnitudes of 125I and 99mTc-04− uptake. CT26/NIS-cODC tumors of bortezomib-treated mice demonstrated greater 124I uptake on PET images and increased NIS expression on tissue staining compared to vehicle-injected animals. NIS-cODC PET imaging may allow noninvasive quantitative monitoring of proteasome activity in cancer cells treated with bortezomib.
3D microfluidic in vitro model and bioinformatics integration to study the effects of Spatholobi Caulis tannin in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Nijia , Wang Jiayi , Meng Xiansheng , Bao Yongrui , Wang Shuai , Li Tianjiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is considered the fourth most common malignant disease in women. Recently, tannin from Spatholobi Caulis (TTS) has been shown to have potent anticancer and antiproliferative characteristics in a few preliminary studies. This experiment used 3D microfluidic, flow cytometry, and gene chip technology to study the efficacy and mechanism of action of TTS, as well as molecular docking technology to study the effect of drugs on related proteins. The cell survival rates of the five groups measured by the 3D microfluidic chip were 94%, 85%, 64%, 55%, and 42%, respectively. With the increase in drug concentration, the cell survival rate gradually decreased. Apoptosis rates detected in the five groups were 2.12%, 15.87%, 33.40%, 41.13%, and 55.10%, respectively. These data suggest that TTS can promote cell apoptosis. The percentages of cells in the G0/G1 phase were 43.39%, 55.07%, 59.57%, 64.56%, and 67.39% in the five groups, respectively. TTS was demonstrated to inhibit the conversion of cells from G0/G1 to S phase and G2/M phase and inhibit gene and protein synthesis to block cell proliferation. TTS can effectively modulate pathogenic proteins. The results confirmed the efficacy of TTS against HeLa cells and that TTS can be used as an adjunct in cervical cancer prevention and treatment.
The placebo effect in the motor domain is differently modulated by the external and internal focus of attention
Authors: Rossettini Giacomo , Emadi Andani Mehran , Dalla Negra Francesco , Testa Marco , Tinazzi Michele , Fiorio Mirta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmong the cognitive strategies that can facilitate motor performance in sport and physical practice, a prominent role is played by the direction of the focus of attention and the placebo effect. Consistent evidence converges in indicating that these two cognitive functions can influence the motor outcome, although no study up-to-now tried to study them together in the motor domain. In this explorative study, we combine for the first time these approaches, by applying a placebo procedure to increase force and by manipulating the focus of attention with explicit verbal instructions. Sixty healthy volunteers were asked to perform abduction movements with the index finger as strongly as possible against a piston and attention could be directed either toward the movements of the finger (internal focus, IF) or toward the movements of the piston (external focus, EF). Participants were randomized in 4 groups: two groups underwent a placebo procedure (Placebo-IF and Placebo-EF), in which an inert treatment was applied on the finger with verbal information on its positive effects on force; two groups underwent a control procedure (Control-IF and Control-EF), in which the same treatment was applied with overt information about its inefficacy. The placebo groups were conditioned about the effects of the treatment with a surreptitious amplification of a visual feedback signalling the level of force. During the whole procedure, we recorded actual force, subjective variables and electromyography from the hand muscles. The Placebo-IF group had higher force levels after the procedure than before, whereas the Placebo-EF group had a decrease of force. Electromyography showed that the Placebo-IF group increased the muscle units recruitment without changing the firing rate. These findings show for the first time that the placebo effect in motor performance can be influenced by the subject’s attentional focus, being enhanced with the internal focus of attention.
The human metabolic profile reflects macro- and micronutrient intake distinctly according to fasting time
Authors: Sedlmeier A. , Kluttig A. , Giegling I. , Prehn C. , Adamski J. , Kastenmüller G. , Lacruz M. E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough the impact of dietary patterns on human serum metabolites has been examined, the fasting effect on the metabolic profile has not yet been considered. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the influence of fasting regarding the association between dietary patterns, reflected by macro- and micronutrient intake, and human serum metabolites in a population-based cohort. A total 1197 non-diabetic German adults aged 45 to 83 years, who participated in baseline of the CARLA study 2002–2006 and had metabolite quantification were selected for this study. Macro- and micronutrient intakes were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Concentrations of 134 serum metabolites were measured by targeted metabolomics AbsoluteIDQ p150 Kit. The association of dietary patterns with serum metabolites was calculated by means of linear regression and the influence of the fasting status was considered by including interaction terms with each macro- and micronutrient. Higher self-reported intake of alcohol and lower self-reported intake of organic acids were associated with higher concentrations of acylcarnitines and phosphatidylcholines. Mainly the associations between dietary patterns and acylcarnitines and hexose were altered after including interaction terms, suggesting effect modification by fasting status. No effect from fasting time was seen for amino acids and saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines.
TIGBT with emitter‐embedded gate for low turn‐on loss and low electro‐magnetic interference noise
Authors: Li Ping , Cheng Junji , Chen Xing bi 
Published: August 2018

A trench insulated gate bipolar transistor (TIGBT) with emitter‐embedded gate is proposed. The emitter‐embedded gate could increase the gate‐to‐emitter capacitance CGE without affecting the miller capacitance CGC. Therefore, the ratio of CGC to CGE is significantly reduced, which suppresses the gate self‐charging effect effectively. As a result, an excellent controllability on the turn‐on dICE/dt of the TIGBT and the dVKA/dt of the free‐wheeling diode (FWD) is obtained. The simulation results based on a 1.2 kV TIGBT show that, in comparison with the conventional TIGBT, the lower limit of the reverse‐recovery dVKA/dt of the FWD can be reduced by 91.2% and the turn‐on loss could be reduced by 53.1% under the same dVKA/dt.
Review on control techniques and methodologies for maximum power extraction from wind energy systems
Authors: Hemanth Kumar Mekalathur B. , Saravanan Balasubramanian , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: August 2018

This review study focuses on various methods and technologies used in past and present for obtaining maximum output power from a wind energy conversion system. There are plenty of solution for maximum power point (MPP), but the problem lies in the effective choice made among them and it needs the expert knowledge on every technique for picking up the best MPP method as every method on its own has some advantages and disadvantages. A comparison has been made among various MPP methods in terms of convergence time, efficiency, training, complexity and wind measurement. Here, different MPP tracking (MPPT) algorithms are classified based on wind speed measurement (WSR) and without WSR models. In this study, from the literature, a novel maximum electrical power tracking (MEPT) and maximum mechanical power tracking (MMPT) methods are compared with state‐of‐the‐art MPPT algorithms. On basis of the results obtained from the literature available, the MEPT algorithm has fast convergence rate of 15 ms; on the other hand, optimal relation‐based method is having large convergence rate of 364 ms and less efficient. A case study has been considered for performance validation, and MEPT and MMPT are having a good response for dynamic variation in wind speed.
Construction of an indirect solar dryer with a photovoltaic system and optimised speed control
Authors: Zaredar Arash , Effatnejad Reza , Behnam Behzad 
Published: August 2018

With a radiant energy of 4.5 kWh/m2 (International Power Plant in Iran), Iran has a good potential for using solar thermal energy to dehumidify products in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industry. In fact, drying provides the possibility of restoring surplus products due to its longer shelf life, for future use. Indirect drying results are better results (nutrition and taste) than direct drying. Indirect solar dryer today works in many countries in industrial and lower levels of humidity and is quite satisfactory. It should be noted that the electronic and control system is embedded in data creation and air flow when necessary. The solar dryer is a device that performs the drying of different products with the use of renewable energies, in other words, performs dehumidifying operations without even using 1 W of electricity from the city.
Fast genre classification of web images using global and local features
Authors: Liu Guo‐Shuai , Wang Rui‐Qi , Yin Fei , Ogier Jean‐Marc , Liu Cheng‐Lin 
Published: August 2018

To effectively mine the contents embedded in web images, it is useful to classify the images into different types so that they can be fed to different procedures for detailed analysis. The authors herein propose a hierarchical algorithm for efficiently classifying web images into four classes. Their algorithm consists of two stages: the first stage extracts global features reflecting the distributions of color, edge and gradient, and uses a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for preliminary classification. Images assigned low confidence by the first stage classifier are processed by the second stage, which further extracts local texture features represented in the bag‐of‐words framework and uses another SVM classifier for final classification. In addition, they design two fusion strategies to train the second‐stage classifier and generate the final prediction depending on the usage of local features in the second stage. To validate the effectiveness of proposed method, they built a database containing more than 55,000 images from various sources. On their test image set, they obtained an overall classification accuracy of 98.4% and the processing speed is over 27 fps on an Intel(R) Xeon(R) central processing unit (2.90 GHz).
Planets around evolved intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Delgado Mena E. , Lovis C. , Santos N. C. , Gomes da Silva J. , Mortier A. , Tsantaki M. , Sousa S. G. , Figueira P. , Cunha M. S. , Campante T. L. , Adibekyan V. , Faria J. P. , Montalto M. 
Published: August 2018

Aims.The aim of this work is to search for planets around intermediate-mass stars in open clusters using data from an extensive survey with more than 15 yr of observations.Methods.We obtain high-precision radial velocities (RV) with the HARPS spectrograph for a sample of 142 giant stars in 17 open clusters. We fit Keplerian orbits when a significant periodic signal is detected. We also study the variation of stellar activity indicators and line-profile variations to discard stellar-induced signals.Results.We present the discovery of a periodic RV signal compatible with the presence of a planet candidate in the 1.15 Gyr open cluster IC 4651 orbiting the 2.06M⊙star No. 9122. If confirmed, the planet candidate would have a minimum mass of 7.2MJand a period of 747 days. However, we also find that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the cross-correlation function (CCF) varies with a period close to the RV, casting doubts on the planetary nature of the signal. We also provide refined parameters for the previously discovered planet around NGC 2423 No. 3, but show evidence that the bisector inverse slope (BIS) of the CCF is correlated with the RV during some of the observing periods. We consider this fact as a warning that this might not be a real planet and that the RV variations could be caused by stellar activity and/or pulsations. Finally, we show that the previously reported signal by a brown dwarf around NGC 4349 No. 127 is presumably produced by stellar activity modulation.Conclusions.The long-term monitoring of several red giants in open clusters has allowed us to find periodic RV variations in several stars. However, we also show that the follow-up of this kind of stars should last more than one orbital period to detect long-term signals of stellar origin. This work highlights the fact that although it is possible to detect planets around red giants, large-amplitude, long-period RV modulations do exist in such stars that can mimic the presence of an orbiting planetary body. Therefore, we need to better understand how such RV modulations behave as stars evolve along the red giant branch and perform a detailed study of all the possible stellar-induced signals (e.g., spots, pulsations, granulation) to comprehend the origin of RV variations.
Exploring galaxy evolution with generative models
Authors: Schawinski Kevin , Turp M. Dennis , Zhang Ce 
Published: August 2018

Context. Generative models open up the possibility to interrogate scientific data in a more data-driven way.
Aims. We propose a method that uses generative models to explore hypotheses in astrophysics and other areas. We use a neural network to show how we can independently manipulate physical attributes by encoding objects in latent space.
Methods. By learning a latent space representation of the data, we can use this network to forward model and explore hypotheses in a data-driven way. We train a neural network to generate artificial data to test hypotheses for the underlying physical processes.
Results. We demonstrate this process using a well-studied process in astrophysics, the quenching of star formation in galaxies as they move from low-to high-density environments. This approach can help explore astrophysical and other phenomena in a way that is different from current methods based on simulations and observations.
Rationale Bildgebung beim HWS-Trauma
Authors: Grieser Thomas 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie HWS ist – aufgrund ihrer hohen Mobilität – sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer knöchernen als auch ihrer diskoligamentären Integrität und Stabilität bei Akzelerations-/Dezelerationstraumen stärker gefährdet als andere Wirbelsäulenabschnitte. Dabei treten die meisten derartigen Verletzungen in der unteren HWS auf. Die konventionelle Projektionsradiografie kann weder diesen Abschnitt durchweg suffizient abbilden noch ist das HWS-Röntgen ausreichend sensitiv genug, zervikale Frakturen sicher zu erkennen. Die moderne Multislice-CT-Technik bietet sich hierzu als eine ausreichend sichere und sensitive Methode an, diesen diagnostischen Nachteil – insbesondere zur Beurteilung knöcherner Läsionen – zu überwinden. Der MRT wiederum kommt ein wachsender Stellenwert bei der Einschätzung diskoligamentärer Verletzungsmuster zu, und sie ist unverzichtbar zur Beurteilung intraspinaler Pathologien, insbesondere von traumatischen Myelonläsionen. Im Weiteren werden die für die HWS exklusiven Verletzungsmuster des kraniozervikalen Überganges einschließlich HWK II gesondert und ausführlich besprochen.
Mechanistic Pathways of Selenium in the Treatment of Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Orbitopathy
Authors: Marinò Michele , Dottore Giovanna , Leo Marenza , Marcocci Claudio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Graves’ orbitopathy, the use of the antioxidant agent selenium has been proposed and several studies on the subject have been conducted, both in vitro and in vivo. Whereas a true benefit related to the use of selenium in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism has been questioned, its use in patients with mild Graves’ orbitopathy is generally believed to be beneficial because of which selenium has entered in the clinical practice for this eye condition.
Contextuele invloeden op de productie van /h/ in het Nederlands van Belgisch-Franstalige leerders
Authors: Fayt Charles , Heeren Willemijn 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The phoneme /h/ is absent in French and its acquisition has been described as being difficult for second language learners of
Dutch, a language with /h/ in its phoneme inventory. In this study, several factors were examined that may affect the production
of /h/ by Belgian-French learners of Dutch. Specifically, the factors included in this exploratory study were (1) L1-to-L2
transfer, (2) semantic contrastiveness, (3) the monitoring of one’s speech, and (4) educational grade. L1-to-L2 transfer was
operationalized as the effect of liaison/elision contexts on /h/-production. The expectation was liaison contexts might transfer
and would therefore hinder /h/-production. Semantic contrasts in minimal pairs including an h-initial word would elicit more
/h/-productions if that word was contrasted with an empty onset than an onset (oor-hoor) filled by some other
consonant (hand-tand). If a speaker pays more attention to his/her speech in an increased-monitoring task, the
speaker is expected to produce /h/ more often, and finally it was expected that increased exposure to Dutch would result in more
correct productions.
In a cross-sectional study, students from the first, third and sixth grades of secondary education (60 in total, aged between 12
years and 19 years old) took part in two reading-aloud tasks, which were assumed to differ in the degree of speech monitoring they
require. The first task was a text, with which L1-to-L2 transfer was assessed, and the second a list of minimal pairs containing
h-onsets contrasting with either empty or filled onsets. Monitoring was assessed by comparing results between reading tasks.
Results showed that increased monitoring positively influenced the numbers of [h]s produced, but that L1-to-L2 transfer of
liaison/elision contexts did not occur. A small difference between conditions was found, but in the opposite direction. There was
large between-learner variability and no performance increase with amount of exposure from first to sixth grade. Overall,
performance left much room for improvement relative to native Dutch speakers and to the learners’ teacher. Further research is
needed to better understand the development of French-speaker learners’ production of Dutch /h/.
Bare numeral phrases in Mandarin and the Minimalist Mapping Hypothesis
Authors: Liao Wei-wen Roger 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe pursue an agreement-based analysis of the bare numeral phrases in Chinese. Bare numeral phrases in Chinese often occur with theyoumarker in the preverbal position. With the marker, a bare numeral phrase obtains an individual-denoting reading, which has an existential meaning. In contrast, several syntactic environments do not need theyoumarker, and the bare numeral phrase obtains the quantity-denoting reading. In addition to the existentialyoumarker, we observe that the distributions of the two readings are correlated to the lower (root) modals (Mod) and the middle aspects (Asp). We argue that the correlation can be analyzed through syntactic feature agreement. That is, the bare numeral phrase carries an unvalued quantificational feature in the null D, and its unvalued feature is valued by the corresponding existentialyoumarker, Asp, and/or Mod heads through (multiple) agreement. We argue that the proposed feature agreement mechanism can improve upon the (Extended) Mapping Hypothesis (Diesing 1992;Tsai 1999,2001) under the Minimalist Program.
The language of Chinese Buddhism
Authors: Zhu Qingzhi , Li Bohan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis is a more detailed introduction of the language of Chinese Buddhism based on our latest research of Buddhist Chinese, which is a modern Chinese historical linguistic category applied to a form of written Chinese originated for and used in Buddhist texts, including the translations into Chinese of Indian Buddhist scriptures and all Chinese works of Buddhism composed by Chinese monks and lay Buddhists in the past. We attempt to answer in this paper the following questions: What is Buddhist Chinese? What is the main difference between Buddhist Chinese and non-Buddhist Chinese? What role did this language play in the history of Chinese language development? And what is the value of this language for the Chinese Historical Linguistics?
Operationalizing variables
Authors: Edmonds Amanda , Gudmestad Aarnes 
Published: August 2018

In the field of second language acquisition (SLA), the importance of and the challenges associated with data-coding decisions often go unaddressed. And yet the operationalization of variables ultimately determines our capacity to both enter into dialogue with previous research and to address new and innovative research questions. In the current chapter, we reflect on the operationalization of variables within the field of SLA, offering two concrete examples from investigations on the expression of future time in additional-language French. We demonstrate how two important independent variables – temporal distance and adverbial specification – have either been defined in numerous ways or underspecified in the literature. We then provide concrete illustrations of the impact of data-coding decisions by presenting reanalyses of these two variables using data from previously published research. We conclude with a discussion of the implications that these critical assessments of data coding have for knowledge of additional-language acquisition.