bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth parasites occurrence in wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), endemic primates to Borneo Island
Authors: Adrus Madinah , Zainuddin Ramlah , Ahmad Khairi Nur Hidayah , Ahamad Mariana , Abdullah Mohd‐Tajuddin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNasalis larvatusare well‐known attraction for tourists in the mangrove forest of Bako National Park (BNP). Little is known regarding the infestation of helminth parasites in proboscis monkeys. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence species of major helminth parasites of public health importance in proboscis monkeys in BNP.MethodsA total of 65 faecal samples screened for helminth parasites via sodium nitrate floatation and faecal sedimentation techniques.ResultsA total of 14 helminth parasite species comprising of eight genera of nematodes, two species of cestodes and two trematodes were identified. Eggs ofTrichuris trichiurawere the most frequently encountered in proboscis monkeys.ConclusionThis is the first survey on the fauna of helminth parasites of proboscis monkeys living in mangrove forests, and therefore, it implies the important baseline information that increases our current knowledge for future research regarding parasite‐host ecology in primates.
Values of plasma total proteins of free‐living marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in an urban forest
Authors: de Albuquerque Juliana Ribeiro , da Silva Fernanda Danielle Gomes , Rocha Pedro Ivo Aragão , Souza Dênisson da Silva e , de Oliveira Maria Adélia Borstelmann , Cadena Pabyton Gonçalves , Soares Anísio Francisco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCallithrix jacchus is a small primate widely used in experimentation, but data on plasma total protein (PTP) values of free‐living animals inhabiting its own endemism region are non‐existent.MethodsMarmosets belonging to two free‐living groups were captured for marking and obtaining biological material. The collected blood was centrifuged to obtain the plasma and thus to determine the concentration of PTP.Results and conclusionsFemales and adults had the highest mean PTP. Mean found were higher than other values described for other neotropical primates, and the high PTP values presented by the animals indicate dehydration. Due to the importance of total plasma proteins for health and management, obtaining these values as a reference is relevant for the free‐living Callithrix genus and other neotropical primates
Full‐face treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA: Results from a single‐center study
Authors: D'Emilio Roberta , Rosati Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A injection is a common aesthetic treatment that can be used alone or in combination to rejuvenate the entire face and neck.ObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of a full‐face approach with botulinum toxin type A.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective review of data from 189 patients receiving full‐face and neck treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA in the following areas: glabellar lines, crow's feet lines, forehead lines, bunny lines, sagging nasal tip, gummy smile, marionette lines, mentalis, masseter, and lateral/anterior platysma.ResultsThe mean age was 56.6 ± 9.2 years, and 94.7% were women (n = 179). Patients received a total of 394 full‐face treatments (mean: 2.1 per person; range 1‐7). The mean quantity of onabotulinumtoxinA injected was 113.8 ± 17.6 units per treatment (range: 50‐180 units). The most frequently injected areas were the glabella/crow's feet/forehead (n = 383; 97.2%), platysma (n = 378; 95.9%), bunny lines (n = 283; 71.8%), and chin (n = 120; 30.5%). Six patients (3.2%) experienced complications: five cases of unwanted diffusion from the mentalis into the depressor labii inferioris and one case of right eyelid ptosis after injection in the upper third. All were minor and none appeared to be related to overall dose.ConclusionsFull‐face and neck treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA can be performed without substantial safety concerns, often leading to excellent results. This approach may become increasingly prevalent in the coming years.
Mismatches in the Marriage Market
Authors: Lichter Daniel T. , Price Joseph P. , Swigert Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThis article provides an assessment of whether unmarried women currently face demographic shortages of marital partners in the U.S. marriage market.BackgroundOne explanation for the declines in marriage is the putative shortage of economically attractive partners for unmarried women to marry. Previous studies provide mixed results but are usually focused narrowly on sex ratio imbalances rather than identifying shortages on the multiple socioeconomic characteristics that typically sort women and men into marriages.MethodsThis study identifies recent marriages from the 2008 to 2012 and 2013 to 2017 cumulative 5‐year files of the American Community Survey. Data imputation methods provide estimates of the sociodemographic characteristics of unmarried women's potential (or synthetic) spouses who resemble the husbands of otherwise comparable married women. These estimates are compared with the actual distribution of unmarried men at the national, state, and local area levels to identify marriage market imbalances.ResultsThese synthetic husbands have an average income that is about 58% higher than the actual unmarried men that are currently available to unmarried women. They also are 30% more likely to be employed (90% vs. 70%) and 19% more likely to have a college degree (30% vs. 25%). Racial and ethnic minorities, especially Black women, face serious shortages of potential marital partners, as do low socioeconomic status and high socioeconomic status unmarried women, both at the national and subnational levels.ConclusionsThis study reveals large deficits in the supply of potential male spouses. One implication is that the unmarried may remain unmarried or marry less well‐suited partners.
Social Misfit or Normal Development? Students Who Do Not Date
Authors: Douglas Brooke , Orpinas Pamela 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEPrior research identified 4 distinct dating trajectories from 6th to 12th grade: Low, Increasing, High Middle School, and Frequent. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 10th graders in the Low dating group differed on emotional, interpersonal, and adaptive skills from youth in the other trajectories.METHODSThe sample consisted of 594 10th graders. We compared the 4 dating groups using teacher ratings (social skills, leadership, depression) and student self‐reports (positive relationships with friends, at home, and at school; depression, suicidal ideation). To compare scores by dating trajectory, we used chi‐square test and analysis of variance.RESULTSStudents in the Low dating group had significantly higher teacher ratings of social skills and leadership, and lower ratings of depression compared to the other groups. Self‐reports of positive relationships did not differ by dating groups. Self‐reported depression was significantly lower in the Low dating group, but suicidal ideations did not differ.CONCLUSIONAdolescents who were not in a romantic relationship had good social skills and low depression, and fared better or equal to peers who dated. These results refute the notion that non‐daters are maladjusted. Health promotion interventions in schools should include non‐dating as one option of healthy development.
Making registers in politics: Circulation and ideologies of linguistic authority
Authors: Gal Susan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the role of register‐making in constructing and evoking authority for political discourses. Three aspects of such enregisterment are defined and exemplified: clasping, relaying, and grafting. Though they occur together in any case of enregisterment, these processes are analytically separable. As registers circulate, they link arenas of social action, creating relations of authority between the social arena of those who construct the register and the arena of those whom the register names and characterizes (clasping). Registers also display connections between organizations in different social arenas (relaying). Finally, registers may draw on—tap into—institutional discourses that are highly authorized, implanting onto them ways of speaking that convey meanings opposed to the institution's values. Paradoxically, such graftings draw authority from the very discourses they oppose. Examples come from Hungarian and other east European politics, as well as historical cases from theUS.
Neuroimaging genetics studies of specific reading disability and developmental language disorder: A review
Authors: Landi Nicole , Perdue Meaghan V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDevelopmental disorders of spoken and written language are heterogeneous in nature with impairments observed across various linguistic, cognitive, and sensorimotor domains. These disorders are also associated with characteristic patterns of atypical neural structure and function that are observable early in development, often before formal schooling begins. Established patterns of heritability point toward genetic contributions, and molecular genetics approaches have identified genes that play a role in these disorders. Still, identified genes account for only a limited portion of phenotypic variance in complex developmental disorders, described as the problem of “missing heritability.” The characterization of intermediate phenotypes at the neural level may fill gaps in our understanding of heritability patterns in complex disorders, and the emerging field of neuroimaging genetics offers a promising approach to accomplish this goal. The neuroimaging genetics approach is gaining prevalence in language‐ and reading‐related research as it is well‐suited to incorporate behavior, genetics, and neurobiology into coherent etiological models of complex developmental disorders. Here, we review research applying the neuroimaging genetics approach to the study of specific reading disability (SRD) and developmental language disorder (DLD), much of which links genes with known neurodevelopmental function to functional and structural abnormalities in the brain.
Exploring the latitude of attitude: Intentions to breastfeed among adolescents in Lebanese schools
Authors: Moukarzel Sara , Abou Jaoudeh Maya , Farhat Antoine , Saade Marianne , Mamas Christoforos , Daly Alan J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSchool‐based breastfeeding education (SBBE) may help improve breastfeeding rates in the long‐term by targeting children and adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and intentions. Breastfeeding rates in Lebanon are suboptimal. Psychosocial drivers of breastfeeding intention among the youth are unknown. We administered a survey to 658 high school students (448 females; 210 males) at two large Lebanese schools to understand intentions, intention drivers, and views on SBBE as means to guide SBBE programme design on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour. We collected information on demographics, intention to breastfeed/support wife to breastfeed future. Intention was predicted by attitude related to breastfeeding health outcomes and family normative beliefs—χ2(25) = 115, P < .001 for males, and χ2(39.3) = 186, P < .001 for females. Among females, intention was also positively associated with being breastfed, higher socio‐economic status, and being more accepting of public breastfeeding. Seventy‐eight per cent of students felt they were not learning enough about breastfeeding in school but were interested in SBBE through didactic teaching methods and interactive experiences. Findings indicate that breastfeeding intention among adolescent students is not merely influenced by the extent of knowledge but by more complicated psychosocial drivers that may differ by gender. Our findings also suggest a misalignment exists between what schools are providing with what students feel they need, thereby opening up a potential space for intervention.
Where extremes meet: Sport, nationalism, and secessionism in Catalonia and Scotland
Authors: Vaczi Mariann , Bairner Alan , Whigham Stuart 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this essay, we trace the symbolic conundrums of belonging and of the reconciliation of identities, in the context of Catalan and Scottish sport and politics. Our discussion will commence with a necessarily concise consideration of past academic contentions regarding the national “psyches,” which have been argued to shape contemporary notions of identity and politics in Catalonia and Scotland, before turning our attention to the specific role of sport vis‐à‐vis these psyches and the growing clamour for greater political autonomy for each of these stateless nations. On the basis of the evidence drawn from the interaction between sport and politics in the two nations, we argue that secessionism is a liminal field of transformation as it includes what is seen as mutually exclusive sets of relationships (Catalans vs. Spaniards, Scottish vs. British, and secessionists vs. unionists/centralists), which at the same time allows subjects to pass from one state to another and occupy them nonexclusively.
Defective Pollen Wall 3 (DPW3), a novel alpha integrin‐like protein, is required for pollen wall formation in rice
Authors: Mondol Palash Chandra , Xu Dawei , Duan Lei , Shi Jianxin , Wang Canhua , Chen Xiaofei , Chen Mingjiao , Hu Jianping , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing 
Published: September 2019

Summary

In flowering plants, pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell‐wall matrix surrounding male gametophytes and acts as a natural protector of pollen grains against various environmental and biological stresses. The formation of pollen wall is a complex but well‐regulated process, which involves the action of many different genes. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown.

In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel rice male sterile mutant, defective pollen wall3 (dpw3), which displays smaller and paler anthers with aborted pollen grains. DPW3 encodes a novel membrane‐associated alpha integrin‐like protein conserved in land plants. DPW3 is ubiquitously expressed in anther developmental stages and its protein is localized to the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi.

Anthers of dpw3 plants exhibited unbalanced anther cuticular profile, abnormal Ubisch bodies, disrupted callose deposition, defective pollen wall formation such as abnormal microspore plasma membrane undulation and defective primexine formation, resulting in pollen abortion and complete male sterility.

Our findings revealed a novel and vital role of alpha integrin‐like proteins in plant male reproduction.
Pod indehiscence is a domestication and aridity resilience trait in common bean
Authors: Parker Travis A. , Berny Mier y Teran Jorge C. , Palkovic Antonia , Jernstedt Judy , Gepts Paul 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Plant domestication has strongly modified crop morphology and development. Nevertheless, many crops continue to display atavistic characteristics that were advantageous to their wild ancestors but are deleterious under cultivation, such as pod dehiscence (PD). Here, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the inheritance of PD in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a major domesticated grain legume.

Using three methods to evaluate the PD phenotype, we identified multiple, unlinked genetic regions controlling PD in a biparental population and two diversity panels. Subsequently, we assessed patterns of orthology among these loci and those controlling the trait in other species.

Our results show that different genes were selected in each domestication and ecogeographic race. A chromosome Pv03 dirigent‐like gene, involved in lignin biosynthesis, showed a base‐pair substitution that is associated with decreased PD. This haplotype may underlie the expansion of Mesoamerican domesticates into northern Mexico, where arid conditions promote PD.

The rise in frequency of the decreased‐PD haplotype may be a consequence of the markedly different fitness landscape imposed by domestication. Environmental dependency and genetic redundancy can explain the maintenance of atavistic traits under domestication.
Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust
Authors: Chen Shisheng , Rouse Matthew N. , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Xiaoqin , Guo Yan , Briggs Jordan , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating fungal disease threatening global wheat production. The present paper reports the identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr60, a race‐specific gene from diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L. that encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains. This gene, designated as WHEAT TANDEM KINASE 2 (WTK2), confers intermediate levels of resistance to Pgt.

WTK2 was identified by map‐based cloning and validated by transformation of a c.10‐kb genomic sequence including WTK2 into susceptible common wheat variety Fielder (Triticum aestivum L.).

Transformation of Fielder with WTK2 was sufficient to confer Pgt resistance. Sr60 transcripts were transiently upregulated 1 d post‐inoculation with Pgt, but not in mock‐inoculated plants. The upregulation of Sr60 was associated with stable upregulation of several pathogenesis‐related genes.

The Sr60‐resistant haplotype found in T. monococcum was not found in polyploid wheat, suggesting an opportunity to introduce a novel resistance gene. Sr60 was successfully introgressed into hexaploid wheat, and we developed a diagnostic molecular marker to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other resistance genes. The cloned Sr60 also can be a useful component of transgenic cassettes including other resistance genes with complementary resistance profiles.
Score‐based diagnostic approach to celiac disease and bone mineral density
Authors: Coşkun Mehmet Enes , Hizli Şamil , Yavuz Sibel , Temel Münevver Tuğba 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the performance of a score‐based diagnostic approach (SBDA) proposed in the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 guideline, and the usefulness of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in SBDA as an objective finding in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD).MethodsThe SBDA scores of 153 biopsy‐proven celiac diagnosed children (derived from symptomatology, serology, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] analysis, histology) were calculated. Additionally, BMD Z scores obtained at diagnosis were also investigated. The diagnostic sensitivity of SBDA was tested in different scenarios in which low BMD was scored as a diagnostic finding.ResultsThe mean age of children was 9.48 ± 3.59 years and 54.2% were female. All patients scored ≥4, which is the minimum score to diagnose CD in SBDA. Mean BMD Z score in 142 of 153 patients was −2.70 ± 1.16, and 73.9% of them were below −2. Moreover, different diagnostic scenarios without histology were tested. In one of them, BMD and HLA were not included and the sensitivity was 85.2%. In another one, low BMD was scored as an equivalent of malabsorption, HLA was not included and sensitivity was 97.2%. The sensitivities of these scenarios were significantly different (P = 0.001).ConclusionIn the absence of both HLA and histology, accepting low BMD as an equivalent of malabsorption drastically increased the diagnostic sensitivity, while SBDA had limited success. Therefore, BMD might be useful when HLA and biopsy are not available.
Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Quality of Life Assessment of Spina Bifida in Teenagers (QUALAS‐T‐J)
Authors: Kawahara Tae , Sugita Yoshifumi , Momose Hitoshi , Szymanski Konrad M , Hida Eisuke , Yamazaki Akemi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpina bifida (SB) is the second‐most common birth defect in Japan. In recent years, health‐related quality of life measurements have been used to assess the psychosocial status of children with SB. The Quality of Life Assessment of Spina Bifida in Teenagers (QUALAS‐T) is a self‐reported questionnaire for subjects aged 13–17 years with SB. It focuses particularly on factors related to independence, bladder and bowel. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Japanese version of QUALAS‐T (QUALAS‐T‐J).MethodsThree urologists specialized in SB, two nurses, one statistician, and the author of the original version developed the QUALAS‐T‐J. Subjects with SB completed the QUALAS‐T‐J and the Japanese version of KIDSCREEN‐27 (J‐KIDSCREEN‐27) independently from their parents.ResultsA pilot study involving seven adolescents with SB and confirmed face and content validity. Sixty‐nine adolescents with SB participated in the main survey. The intraclass correlation coefficient in the retest was 0.77, and Cronbach's alpha in each domain was 0.83 and 0.79. Validity was verified on factor analysis and convergent/divergent validity. Five items converged in the one domain, Bladder and Bowel. The remaining five items converged in the concept of Family and Independence. The correlation between each domain of the QUALAS‐T‐J and J‐KIDSCREEN‐27 was low–moderate.ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the QUALAS‐T‐J were verified in Japanese adolescents with SB. The QUALAS‐T‐J would be a useful tool for communication between adolescents with SB and medical staff.
Evaluating diverse systems of tobacco genetic resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zeng J. M. , Nifong J. , Liu Y. , Huang C. J. , Fang D. H. , Lewis R. S. , Li Y. P. 
Published: September 2019

Black shank, caused by the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tobacco production in China. The most effective strategy for reducing economic loss from this pathogen is development and use of resistant tobacco varieties. Multiple sources and systems of resistance have been developed in the Western Hemisphere; however, populations of P. nicotianae are variable around the world, including the predominance of different races. Different P. nicotianae isolates may react differently on tobacco plants with different systems of resistance, a possibility that could complicate the breeding of cultivars with resistance that is effective in different tobacco production regions worldwide. The objective of this research was to evaluate an array of tobacco germplasm possessing different systems of genetic resistance to black shank disease in tobacco‐growing regions of Yunnan, China. Resistance types included simply inherited resistance mechanisms introgressed from wild Nicotiana relatives and polygenic partial resistance systems of N. tabacum origin. The loci of Wz exhibited high level resistance to black shank in the five diverse disease environments in Yunnan, China. K326 Php/−Wz/− genotype and Beinhart 1000 exhibited the greatest levels of resistance in both 2015 and 2016. Field observed results for 13 tobacco genotypes were highly correlated with those tested in growth chamber evaluation. These findings suggest that both Wz− and Beinhart 1000‐mediated resistance have important commercial value in flue‐cured tobacco breeding programmes in China. Cultivars developed for black shank resistance in China may also have utility in other tobacco‐growing areas.