bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Biological Samples in a Contemporary Laboratory Practice (Review)
Authors: Miroshnichenko I. I. , Shilov Y. E. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. In the present publication highlights the key points of the main stages of development of methods for determining trace amounts of drugs and metabolites in biological samples using chromatographic and chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The main sources of errors are specified. The main attention is paid to chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is the basic method of analysis of small molecules in biological samples. Examples from literary sources and authors' own practice are given.Text. The review highlights some of the practical issues of preparation of calibration samples, method of increasing the stability of the sample at the stage of sampling and plasma preparation. In particular, the influence of various anticoagulants on the accuracy of the analysis is reflected. Specify the method of reducing back conversion of some metabolites of carboxyl-containing drugs to parent compound to prevent overestimation of the results of quantitative determination. Some methods of sample preparation, which have become widespread recently, are noted. For example, solid supported liquid-liquid extraction, based on the extraction of the component of interest from the water sample into the liquid layer distributed on a solid high-polar carrier, followed by eluting by a system of non-polar solvents that do not mix with this layer. Recommendations on the use of internal standards, the preparation of the mobile phase for HPLC, on chromatographic separation, validation techniques are given. In the section «Mass spectrometric detection» features of preparation of a mobile phase for chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments are given. The questions of carry-over reduction, ion suppression, matrix effect are covered. The phenomenon of cross-talk in the study of drug metabolism by chromatography-mass spectrometry is discussed. It consists in the mutual distortion of the mass spectrometric response, when the same mass fragments are formed from different ions-precursors. Features of development of techniques for high-performance pharmacokinetic screening are given.Conclusion. The authors hope that the presented material will be useful for scientists and specialists in the field of pharmacokinetics, biomarker discovery and clinical analyses.
Nitrofurans for External Use (Review)
Authors: Beliatskaya A. V. , Kashlikova I. M. , Elagina А. O. , Krasnyuk (jr.) I. I. , Krasnyuk I. I. , Stepanova O. I. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Aspects of the use of nitrofurans for external use (nitrofural, furazolidone and furazidin) are described in the article. Review of current research that is dedicated to development of drugs containing nitrofuran derivatives has been carried out. The prospects for creating dosage forms of furaсillin and furazolidone containing their solid dispersions with polymers are considered.Text. The group of nitrofurans is widely in demand in the modern pharmaceutical market. The most common active ingredients – furacillin, furazolidone and furazidin are represented by various dosage forms for both internal and external use. All nitrofuran derivatives have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action and a specific mechanism of action on bacterial cells. The low level of development of antimicrobial resistance allows nitrofurans to remain one of the most effective chemotherapeutic groups of antimicrobial compounds for many decades. The review shows a numerous current developments carried out by both Russian and foreign authors about use of furacillin, furadonin and furazidin to develop the composition of new drugs, including combination drugs, as well as promising treatment methods. Currently, on the basis of Sechenov University, research is actively conducted to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of nitrofurans in water using the method of solid dispersions. Also, work is underway to develop the composition and technology of solid (instant) dosage forms granules and tablets, and soft dosage forms gels containing furacillin and furazolidone as active substances.Conclusion. Despite the use of active substances from the nitrofuran group in pharmaceutical practice for more than half a century and their low solubility in water, research on the development of complex drugs for external use and mono-preparations of nitrofurans have not lost their relevance and are actively conducted to this day.
Kista Epidermoid Terinflamasi Yang Menyerupai Granuloma Piogenik Pada Anak
Authors: - Widyastuti - , Yahya Yulia Farida 
Published: May 2019

Kista epidermoid merupakan salah satu tumor kista jinak yang dilapisi epitel skuamosa dan berisi keratin. Secara klinis memberi gambaran khas berupa nodus sewarna kulit atau kekuningan dan tidak nyeri, dengan pungtum sentral pada folikel pilosebasea. Kista epidermoid terinflamasi sering salah diagnosis sebagai granuloma piogenik. Dilaporkan satu kasus anak perempuan dengan kista epidermoid terinflamasi yang menyerupai granuloma piogenik.Seorang anak perempuan berusia 11 tahun, dibawa berobat dengan keluhan benjolan merah di pipi kanan yang bertambah besar sejak 2 bulan lalu. Permukaan lesi licin dan tidak nyeri. Riwayat trauma tidak diketahui. Pada pemeriksaan di regio maksilaris dekstra ditemukan tumor eritematosa-livid, bulat, soliter, 1x1x0,5 cm, dengan pungtum sentral. Dilakukan shave eksisi dilanjutkan bedah listrik dengan modalitas koagulasi. Hasil pemeriksaanÂ histopatologikÂ menunjukkanÂ kistaÂ epidermoid dilapisi epitel skuamosa kompleks berkeratin dengan lumen berisi massa keratin.Kista epidermoid terinflamasi jarang dijumpai. Gambaran histopatologis menunjukkan kista dilapisi epitel skuamosa berlapis dengan lapisan granular utuh berisi massa keratin. Kista epidermoid terinflamasi diduga akibat trauma yang memicu respons inflamasi dan jaringan granulasi sehingga terbentuk granuloma piogenik.Granuloma piogenik dapat terjadi pada lesi kista epidermoid akibat trauma. Pada kasus dengan gambaran klinis menyerupai granuloma piogenik, pemeriksaan histopatologik diperlukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis pasti.Â Kata kunci: Kista epidermoid dengan inflamasi, granuloma piogenik, gambaran klinis, histopatologis
Peptida Antimikrobial
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Effendi RM Rendy Ariezal 
Published: May 2019

Â Â Â Â Peptida antimikrobial (PAM) merupakan kelompok peptida di permukaan sel epitel yang bersifat mikrobisidalÂ dan sitolitik. Peptida ini berperan dalam respons imun bawaan,Â sebagai lini pertama dalam pertahanan terhadap infeksi dengan cara membunuh langsung bakteri, jamur, atau virus. Dua kelompok besar PAM yang terdapat pada manusia yaitu defensin dan katelisidin. Defensin diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga tipe yaitu alfa, beta, dan teta defensin. Pada manusia, hanya terdapat satu tipe katelisidin yaitu human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP18), dengan LL-37 sebagai bentuk aktifnya. Tipe PAM lainnya pada manusia yaitu psoriasin, RNase 7, dan dermsidin. Mekanisme kerja PAM yaitu berikatan dengan membran sel mikroba dan membentuk sebuah celah, sehingga terjadi perubahan permeabilitas membran yang mengakibatkan sel mengalami lisis. Jumlah PAM akan meningkat saat terjadi infeksi dan inflamasi. Perubahan pola ekspresi PAM terdapat pada beberapa penyakit kulit yang mengalami inflamasi kronik misalnya psoriasis, dermatitis atopik, rosasea, akne vulgaris, hidradenitis supuratif, infeksi virus, dan lupus eritematosus sistemik. Hingga sat ini terus dikembangkan penelitian terhadap peranan PAM dalam bidang dermatologi. Beberapa jenis PAM yang saat ini tersedia di pasaran antara lain PlectasinÂ®, MagaininsÂ®, PexigananÂ®.Â Kata kunci: defensin, katelidisin, peptida antimikrobial
Perbandingan Jumlah Kuman Pada Pasien Bromhidrosis, Sebelum Dan Sesudah Operasi Modifikasi Sedot Lemak Dengan Kuretase
Authors: Murti Mira Trisna , Negara Wisuda putra , Widhiati Suci , Mulianto Nurrachmat , Julianto Indah , Saptawati Leli 
Published: May 2019

Bromhidrosis merupakan kondisi bau badan menyengat akibat interaksi antara kelenjar keringat dan mikroorganisme. Tindakan pembedahan dengan teknik modifikasi sedot lemak dan kuretase merupakan salah satu terapi yang cukup aman dan efektif untuk bromhidrosis. Pertumbuhan kuman penyebab bromhidrosis dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kelembapan serta sekresi kelenjar keringat. Pada pasien pascaoperasi bromhidrosis terjadi penurunan sekresi kelenjar keringat dan penurunan kelembapan yang menyebabkan penurunan jumlah kuman komensal penyebab bromhidrosis.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah kuman pada pasien bromhidrosis sebelum dan sesudah operasi modifikasi sedot lemak dan kuretase.Penelitian di lakukan di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta, rancangan penelitian menggunakan eksperimental uji klinik dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Subjek terdiri dari 10 pasien bromhidrosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah prosedur, menggunakan teknik swab, dioleskan pada permukaan media agar natrium, agar darah dan agar Mc Conkey. Penghitungan jumlah kuman dengan teknik total plate count, data di analisisÂ menggunakan Paired T test.Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara jumlah kuman dari sampel sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Beberapa spesies kuman yang ditemukan adalah kokus positif Gram (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.), batang positif Gram, E. coli danÂ Shigella spp. Â Kata kunci: bromhidrosis, jumlahÂ kuman, modifikasiÂ sedot lemak dan kuretase
Peran Debridement Dalam Manajemen Nekrolisis Epidermal Toksik Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Tahun 2005-2015: Studi Retrospektif
Authors: Putranti Ismiralda Oke , Primanita Citra , Fawzy Ahmad 
Published: May 2019

Nekrolisis epidermal toksik (NET) merupakan penyakit yang dapat mengancam jiwa. umumnya disebabkan karena efek simpang obat, ditandai dengan kulit kemerahan dan epidermolisis, disertai dengan konjungtivitis dan keterlibatan mukosa orifisium baik oral, genital maupun perianus. Tatalaksana NET hingga sekarang masih merupakan masalah. Banyak pasien dikelola secara konservatif dan membutuhkan waktu perawatan yang sangat lama. Sebaliknya pada sebagian pasien dikelola seperti pasien luka bakar yang pada umumnya memerlukan debridement agar luka sembuh dengan segera. Namun untuk beberapa alasan, debridement masih diperdebatan dalam tata laksana NET.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peranan debridement dalam pengelolaan NET dari sudut pandang lama rawat inap pasien di RSUD Prof.dr. Margono Soekarjo pada tahun 2005 â€“ 2015.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis retrospektif data yang didapat dari catatan medis pasien NET yang dirawat pada tahun 2005 â€“ 2015. Data yang diambil meliputi persentase luas permukaan tubuh yang terlibat, dan lama rawat inap. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan t-test.Dua puluh tujuh pasien dengan diagnosis NET, baik yang dilakukan debridement maupun tidak, diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Pada pasien NET dengan luas permukaan tubuh yang terlibat sebesar 30-50%, lama rawat inap pasien yang dilakukan debridement lebih singkat secara bermakna (p=0,032) dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak dilakukan debridement. Sedangkan pada pasien dengan luas permukaan yang terlibat sebesar 50-80% secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna di antara keduanya (p=0,121), meskipun pasien yang dilakukan debridement lama rawat inapnya lebih singkat.Debridement dapat mengurangi lama rawat inap pada tata laksana NET. Tidak hanya mengurangi lama rawat inap tetapi juga memberikan hasil yang lebih baik bagi pasien dan mengurangi risiko indeksi sekunder. Dapat diusulkan debridement sebagai salah satu protokol tata laksana pasien NET.Â Kata kunci: nekrolisis epidermal toksik, debridement, lama rawat inap
Agronomic research in Martonvásár, aimed at promoting the efficiency of field crop production
Authors: Tamás Árendás  , Zoltán Berzsenyi  , Péter Bónis  
Published: May 2019

The effect of crop production factors on the grain yield was analysed on the basis of three-factorial experiments laid out in a split-split-plot design. In the case of maize the studies were made as part of a long-term experiment set up in 1980 on chernozem soil with forest residues, well supplied with N and very well with PK. The effects of five N levels in the main plots and four sowing dates in the subplots were compared in terms of the performance of four medium early hybrids (FAO 200). In the technological adaptation experiments carried out with durum wheat, the N supplies were moderate (2010) or good (2011), while the P and K supplies were good or very good in both years. Six N top-dressing treatments were applied in the main plots and five plant protection treatments in the subplots to test the responses of three varieties. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance, while correlations between the variables were detected using regression analysis.The effect of the tested factors on the grain yield was significant in the three-factorial maize experiment despite the annual fluctuations, reflected in extremely variable environmental means. During the given period the effect of N fertilisation surpassed that of the sowing date and the genotype. Regression analysis on the N responses for various sowing dates showed that maize sown in the middle 10 days of April gave the highest yield, but the N rates required to achieve maximum values declined as sowing was delayed. In the very wet year, the yield of durum wheat was influenced to the greatest extent by the plant protection treatments, while N supplies and the choice of variety were of approximately the same importance. In the favourable year the yielding ability was determined by topdressing and the importance of plant protection dropped to half, while no significant difference could be detected between the tested varieties. According to the results of regression analysis, the positive effect of plant protection could not be substituted by an increase in the N rate in either year. The achievement of higher yields was only possible by a joint intensification of plant protection and N fertilisation. Nevertheless, the use of more efficient chemicals led to a slightly, though not significantly, higher yield, with a lower N requirement.
Using research findings in precision maize production
Authors: János Nagy  , Adrienn Ványiné Széles  
Published: May 2019

The effect of crop production factors on maize yield are examined on chernozem soil in a more than 30 year old long-term experiment on the Látókép Experiment Site of the Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences of the University of Debrecen. The aim of research is to evaluate the effect of fertilisation, cultivation, plant number, genorype and irrigation. The analysis of the data in the database of the examined period makes it possible to evaluate the effect of maize yield, as well as that of the crop production factors and the crop year, while the correlations and interactions between these factors were also examined. During the examination of the cultivation treatments, it was concluded that the highest yield was obtained as a result of autumn ploughing, but its effect largely differs in the irrigated and the nonirrigated treatments. Based on our examinations, strip cultivation should be applied periodically (e.g. strip – strip – ploughing – loosening) in areas with favourable soil conditions free from compacted layers. In years with smaller, average precipitation supply or when the precipitation was higher than average, higher plant numbers were more favourable. Under drier conditions, but especially in several consecutively dry years, a lower plant number can be recommended which is not higher than 60 thousand per hectare. In the case of favourable water supply, 70-80 thousand plants per hectare can be used. The yield increasing effect of fertilisation was significant in the case of both non-irrigated and irrigated conditions, but it was much more moderate in the non-irrigated treatment. The extent of weed coverage was significantly affected by the previous crop. In the case of a favourable previous crop (wheat), the weed coverage was significantly lower than after an unfavourable previous crop (maize). In the case of the same previous crop (maize), the extent of weed coverage was mostly determined by the crop year and the extent of precipitation supply. Irrigation is not enough in itself, because if it was not accompanied by intensive nutrient management, yields started to decline.The results of researhc, development and innovation contributed to the technological method which makes it possible to apply locally adjusted sowing seed, fertiliser and pesticide in a differentiated way, as well as to change the method of operations within the given plot.
Innovation activity of the agricultural enterprises in the North great Plain region
Authors: Szabolcs Németh  
Published: May 2019

Economic changes have significantly accelarated in the 21th century. In this turbulent market environment enterprises are forced to adapt continously as they must be flexible in order to meet changing market needs. To achieve flexibility companies require innovation. The economic relevance of innovations is significant in every market sector and agriculture is no exception. Re-dynamizing agricultural nnovations is a possibility for the outburst of the Hungarian agriculture. Agricultural enterprises have to face competitors as well and they should give priority to efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness in order to preserve their position in BOTH global and domestic markets. This study examines the innovation potential of the agricultural enterprises in the North Great Plain region based on public databases and case studies.
The Implementation of Social Media to Develop Studentsâ€™ Writing Skill on Digital Marketing
Authors: Natsir Muhammad , Suswati Rita , Damanik Sisila Fitriany , Pane Isli Iriani Indiah , Lubis Fauziah Khairani 
Published: May 2019

Digital marketing has become a new way to exchange things, starting from information to selling things. UniversitasNegeri Medan (UNIMED) as one of the educational university tries to engage to this digital world. Since the currentfacility of multimedia laboratorybased on Computer Assisted Language learning (CALL), the implementation of e-learning has been developed. Through English for Spesific Purposes (ESP), the students learn further on e-world. The aim of this research is to find out the studentsâ€™ ability in writing an advertisement using social media.Â This research used a development research approach (R & D) that adopts a model developed by Borg & Gall and the questionnares were analyzed by Linkert Scale formula. The research activities wasin the second semester consist of 30 english literature students carried out pre- and post-test, expert validation, and final product. The result shown: 1) social media like Instagram can be developed as the writing material; 2) studentsâ€™ ability in writing using social media can be implemented in e-marketing to design an advertisement. Furthermore, itâ€™s suggested to do more research on digital marketing to offer a wider opportunies to students in deciding the best job in the future.
Language Maintenance at the Javanese Family in Bukit Malintang District
Authors: Ningsih Sudarti Rahayu , Harahap Lenni Marlina 
Published: May 2019

This research was intended to investigate the types, the factors, and the reasons of language maintenance. Research design in this study was in case study approach by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were the intensity of using utterances of Javanese language in transcript of the interview to the Javanese early family in language maintenance. The data source of this research was intermarriage Javanese family. Techniques of collecting the data in this research were observation, interview and documentation. Data were analysed by using Miles, Huberman, and Saldanaâ€™s theory with the processes of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Result of the research showed that the language maintenance was based on active language maintenance type.Â Factor of language maintenance was the loyalty to maintain its language although it face. The reason of language maintenance was to keep ethnic identity. Meanwhile, it did not happen to their fourth child, the child could not maintain Javanese language, he just know that Javanese language as their language should be known as the history.
Balance crítico del Plan Institucional de Desarrollo 2009-2025 de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Perspectivas de su contenido, alcances y limitaciones
Authors: Noriero-Escalante Lucio , Victorino-Ramírez Liberio Victorino-Ramírez 
Published: May 2019

Recibido: 14 de octubre del 2018Aprobado: 05 de diciembre del 2018En este trabajo hacemos un balance crítico, reflexivo y propositivo sobre el Plan de Desarrollo Institucional 2009-2025, de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, a partir de los diagnósticos que le dieron sustento: sector agropecuario, educativo e institucional. Por tanto, en un primer momento, realizamos un balance sobre la vigencia, desfase y contradicciones de los referidos diagnósticos, para dar paso al segundo momento en el que contrastamos con las funciones sustantivas: docencia, investigación, servicio y difusión de la cultura; sin que ello implique dejar de lado el proyecto y modelo de la UACh, surgido de las necesidades del sector rural y de formación de sujetos responsables, con juicio crítico y alto valor humanitario por proponer soluciones pertinentes al agro mexicano. Finalmente, a manera de cierre puntualizamos sobre el afianzamiento de la educación agrícola de la UACh, liberadora, crítica, democrática, equitativa, autónoma y pertinente con el México rural hoy.
Modeling the Echelle Spectra Continuum with Alpha Shapes and Local Regression Fitting
Authors: Xu Xin , Cisewski-Kehe Jessi , Davis Allen B. , Fischer Debra A. , Brewer John M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Continuum normalization of echelle spectra is an important data analysis step that is difficult to automate. Polynomial fitting requires a reasonably high-order model to follow the steep slope of the blaze function. However, in the presence of deep spectral lines, a high-order polynomial fit can result in ripples in the normalized continuum that increase errors in spectral analysis. Here, we present two algorithms for flattening the spectrum continuum. The Alpha-shape Fitting to Spectrum algorithm is completely data driven, using an alpha shape to obtain an initial estimate of the blaze function. The Alpha-shape and Lab Source Fitting to Spectrum algorithm incorporates a continuum constraint from a laboratory source reference spectrum for the blaze function estimation. These algorithms are tested on a simulated spectrum, where we demonstrate improved normalization compared to polynomial regression for continuum fitting. We show an additional application, using the algorithms for mitigation of spatially correlated quantum efficiency variations and fringing in the charge-coupled device detector of the EXtreme PREcision Spectrometer.