bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Dairy Minerals Have a Positive Effect on Bone Health?
Authors: Burrow Keegan , Young Wayne , McConnell Michelle , Carne Alan , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis review aims to examine the relationship between the consumption of dairy products, mineral absorption, and bone health, and critically evaluates the methods that have been used to investigate this relationship. As people live longer and have lives that are more active in modern societies, bone health is of concern due to the possibility for the increasing incidence of bone disorders, such as osteoporosis. It has been suggested that dairy products can play a key role in bone health due to their high levels of minerals. Whether the positive effect of dairy consumption on bone health is due solely to the concentration of minerals, the action of vitamins, proteins, and lipids present in dairy products, and complex interactions between different milk components remains to be determined. Assessment of how dairy products affect bone health is complex, with apparent contradictory conclusions being reported in the literature. To gain a better understanding of the effects that dairy products have on bone health, this review presents an evaluation of a combination of data obtained using a variety of methods. From those data, we surmise that the preferable approach to investigate the effects of milk on bone health is to obtain data from human, animal, and cell line testing. A combined approach will enable various aspects to be identified, including mechanisms and the assessment of holistic effects, which will enable the effects in the human situation to be ascertained.
The Corporate Governance of Public Banks before and after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Hallerberg Mark , Markgraf Jonas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring the 2008–09 financial crisis, many states were forced to nationalize faltering private banks. But also public banks ran into trouble and market actors continue to worry about their stability and crisis resilience. During the crisis, German public Landesbanken and Spanish public Cajas were hit hard. Yet, German public Sparkassen emerged strengthened from the crisis. This calls for a closer examination of the regulatory framework and corporate governance of public banks. We compare how corporate governance choices affected the financial crisis performance of public banks in three countries. Italy that had privatized its extensive public banking sector over the past decades; Spain that had problems with its savings banks during the crisis, which were eventually privatized or shut down; and Germany whose public savings banks navigated the financial crisis relatively well while its public Landesbanken got into serious trouble, and where calls for privatizing public banks resurface periodically. The paper considers the question whether Italy's banking crisis is partly rooted in the legacies of its formerly public banks and how the privatization of public banks in Spain and Italy can inform the debate in Germany and in other European Union countries with significant public banking sectors.
Molecular detection and characterisation of black raspberry necrosis virus and raspberry bushy dwarf virus isolates in wild raspberries
Authors: Susi H. , Rajamäki M.L. , Artola K. , Jayaraj‐Mallika F.R. , Valkonen J.P.T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVirus‐derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were extracted from leaves of wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus) sampled from three different regions in Finland and subjected to deep sequencing. Assembly of the siRNA reads to contigs and their comparison to sequences in databases revealed the presence of the bipartite positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses, raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV, genus Idaeovirus), and black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV, family Secoviridae) in 19 and 26 samples, respectively, including 15 plants coinfected with both viruses. Coverage with siRNA reads [21 and 22 nucleotides (nt)] was higher in BRNV‐FI (Finland) RNA1 (79%) than RNA2 (45%). In RBDV, the coverage of siRNA reads was 89% and 90% for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. Average depth of coverage was 1.6–4.9 for BRNV and 16.5–36.5 for RBDV. PCR primers designed for RBDV and BRNV based on the contigs were used for screening wild raspberry and a few cultivated raspberry samples from different regions. Furthermore, the sequences of BRNV RNA1 and RNA2 were determined by amplification and sequencing of overlapping contigs (length 1000–1200 nt) except for the 3′ and 5′ ends of RNA1 and RNA2 covered by primers. RNA1 of the Finnish BRNV isolate (BRNV‐FI) was 80% and 86% identical to BRNV‐NA (USA) and BRNV‐Alyth (UK), respectively, whereas the identity of NA and Alyth was 79%. RNA2 of BRNV‐FI was 84% and 80% identical to BRNV‐NA and BRNV‐Alyth, respectively, whereas NA and Alyth were 82% identical. Hence, the strains detected in Finland differ from those reported in the UK and USA. Our results reveal the presence of BRNV in Finland for the first time. The virus is common in wild raspberries and nearly identical isolates are found in cultivated raspberries as well. The results show that wild raspberries in Finland are commonly infected with RBDV or BRNV or both viruses and thus are likely to serve as reservoirs of RBDV and BRNV for cultivated Rubus spp.
Problematic alcohol use as a risk factor for cyber aggression within romantic relationships
Authors: Crane Cory A. , Umehira Nicole , Berbary Cassandra , Easton Caroline J. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesCyber aggression has emerged as a modern form of intimate partner violence which has yet to undergo sufficient research necessary to identify risk factors that may increase the likelihood or severity of cyber aggressive behavior toward a relationship partner. Prior research offers contradictory findings pertaining to the relationship between problematic alcohol use and cyber aggression.MethodsWe recruited 100 (40 female) adult participants through online crowdsourcing to complete a series of questionnaires assessing traditional partner violence, cyber aggression, and problematic alcohol use.ResultsForty‐two percent of the sample reported perpetrating cyber relational aggression and 35% reported perpetrating cyber privacy invasion during the year prior to study participation. Traditional partner violence was associated with both forms of cyber aggression. Problematic alcohol use was only associated with privacy invasion after accounting for demographic factors and traditional partner violence.Discussion and ConclusionsCyber aggression was prevalent among the current adult sample. Results suggest that problematic alcohol use is a risk factor for cyber privacy invasion but not cyber relational aggression.Scientific SignificanceFindings add to and clarify the nascent, conflicting results that have emerged from prior research on alcohol‐related cyber aggression. (Am J Addict 2018;27:400–406)
Analyzing Computational Models
Authors: Siegel David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComputational models have been underutilized as tools for formal theory development, closing off theoretical analysis of complex substantive scenarios that they would well serve. I argue that this occurs for two reasons, and provide resolutions for each. First, computational models generally do not employ the language or modes of analysis common to game‐theoretic models, the status quo in the literature. I detail the types of insights typically derived from game‐theoretic models and discuss analogues in computational modeling. Second, there are not widely established procedures for analysis of deductive computational models. I present a regularized method for deriving comparative statics from computational models that provides insights comparable to those arising from game‐theoretic analyses. It also serves as a framework for building theoretically tractable computational models. Together, these contributions should enhance communication between models of social science and open up the tool kit of deductive computational modeling for theory building to a broader audience.
When Common Identities Decrease Trust: An Experimental Study of Partisan Women
Authors: Klar Samara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHow does sharing a common gender identity affect the relationship between Democratic and Republican women? Social psychological work suggests that common ingroup identities unite competing factions. After closely examining the conditions upon which the common ingroup identity model depends, I argue that opposing partisans who share the superordinate identity of being a woman will not reduce their intergroup biases. Instead, I predict that raising the salience of their gender will increase cross‐party biases. I support my hypotheses with a nationally representative survey of 3,000 adult women and two survey experiments, each with over 1,000 adult women. These findings have direct implications for how women evaluate one another in contentious political settings and, more broadly, for our understanding of when we can and cannot rely upon common identities to bridge the partisan divide.
A rural perspective on minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: optimal preoperative imaging and patient outcomes
Authors: Binks Matthew , Burrows Denbigh , Littlejohn David 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOur retrospective review of prospectively collected data evaluated the efficacy of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) and compared preoperative imaging modalities in a rural referral centre.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism underwent surgeon‐performed ultrasound (SUS) and technetium‐99 m sestamibi (MIBI). Radiologist‐performed ultrasound (RUS) was sought when the diagnosis remained in doubt. Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) first replaced RUS in mid‐2014, then MIBI as a frontline modality in 2015. MIP was conducted if possible and bilateral neck exploration (BNE) when localization remained doubtful. Treatment was evaluated by histopathology and serum parathyroid hormone and calcium levels at 6 weeks.ResultsA total of 122 of 165 (73.9%) glands were removed by MIP and 43 of 165 (26.1%) by BNE. Of 15 cases with non‐localizing preoperative investigations, one patient had a negative BNE. A total of 160 of 165 (97.0%) patients underwent a successful operation, with five (3.0%) suffering persistent post‐operative hypercalcaemia. SUS had a sensitivity of 79.4% (131/165) and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.0% (131/135). MIBI had a sensitivity of 60.0% (81/135) and a PPV of 95.3% (81/85). RUS produced a sensitivity of 65.5% (76/116) and PPV of 98.7% (76/77). When used as a second‐line modality, 4DCT had a sensitivity of 76.9% (10/13) and PPV of 100%. The sensitivity and PPV were 85.7% (18/21) and 94.7% (18/19) after 4DCT's promotion to first‐line use.ConclusionMIP can be safely performed in rural centres of adequate volume. We recommend that operations be guided by SUS with routine use of an adjunctive modality. Our study has seen 4DCT replace MIBI in this regard.
How effective is the plain packaging of tobacco policy on rates of intention to quit smoking and changing attitudes to smoking?
Authors: Lilic Nick , Stretton Matthew , Prakash Minesh 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to critically appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of the plain packaging of tobacco products policy.MethodsA systematic approach to a literature review was undertaken using five databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Global Health and Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Quantitative and qualitative studies that evaluate attitudes towards smoking, starting smoking and quitting intentions when plain packaging use is compared with standard cigarette packaging use were included.ResultsA total of 1923 studies were identified. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, nine studies were included in the review. The overall quality of the data was variable but a significant number of the studies had major methodological flaws. However, data analysed in the literature review suggest that exposure to plain packaging increases intention to quit amongst exposed individuals, increases negative attitudes to both smoking and starting smoking.ConclusionAlthough the evidence for plain packaging of tobacco is not strong, the evidence that is available indicates that it is an effective tobacco cessation policy.
Treatment with nitric oxide in the neonatal intensive care unit is associated with increased risk of childhood cancer
Authors: Dixon Fiona , Ziegler David S , Bajuk Barbara , Wright Ian , Hilder Lisa , Abdel Latif Mohamed E. , Somanathan Aranie , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine whether neonatal intensive care therapies increase the risk of carcinogenesis in childhood.MethodsThis study used population‐based data on 1 072 957 infants born in New South Wales, Australia, between 2000 and 2011 and multivariate logistic regression to examine any associations between therapies used in the neonatal intensive care unit and diagnoses of cancer until mid 2012.ResultsA total of 1126 of 1 072 957 (0.1%) children were diagnosed with cancer. Cancer risk was significantly increased by preterm birth (gestation <37 weeks; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.6), birth weight ≥4 kg (aOR1.4, 1.2–1.6) and caesarean delivery (aOR1.2, 1.1–1.4). Extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation) infants were more likely to develop hepatic tumours (aOR12.7, 3.3–48.3) than term infants. The only therapy used in the neonatal intensive care that was independently associated with an increased risk of cancer was nitric oxide (aOR8.6, 4.3–17.4). Eight of the 790 (1%) infants treated with nitric oxide developed cancer (gestation range 30–41 weeks, age of cancer diagnosis: four months–five years).ConclusionTreatment with nitric oxide was associated with a higher risk of childhood cancer. These findings require further research.
Endothelium‐dependent responses in the microcirculation observed in vivo
Authors: Rosenblum W. I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEndothelium‐dependent responses were first demonstrated 40 years ago in the aorta. Since then, extensive research has been conducted in vitro using conductance vessels and materials derived from them. However, the microcirculation controls blood flow to vital organs and has been the focus of in vivo studies of endothelium‐dependent dilation beginning immediately after the first in vitro report. Initial in vivo studies employed a light/dye technique for selectively damaging the endothelium to unequivocally prove, in vivo, the existence of endothelium‐dependent dilation and in the microvasculature. Endothelium‐dependent constriction was similarly proven. Endothelium‐dependent agonists include acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin, arachidonic acid, calcium ionophore A‐23187, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), serotonin, histamine and endothelin‐1. Normal and disease states have been studied. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 have been shown to generate the mediators of the responses. Some of the key enzyme systems generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide which may prevent EDR. However, one ROS, namely H2O2, is one of a number of hyperpolarizing factors that cause dilation initiated by endothelium. Depending upon microvascular bed, a single agonist may use different pathways to elicit an endothelium‐dependent response. Interpretation of studies using inhibitors of eNOS is complicated by the fact that these inhibitors may also inhibit ATP‐sensitive potassium channels. Other in vivo observations of brain arterioles failed to establish nitric oxide as the mediator of responses elicited by CGRP or by ACh and suggest that a nitrosothiol may be a better fit for the latter.
Dissociative absorption, mind‐wandering, and attention‐deficit symptoms: Associations with obsessive‐compulsive symptoms
Authors: Soffer‐Dudek Nirit 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveDissociative absorption is a tendency to become absorbed in imagination or in an external stimulus (movie, book) to the point of obliviousness to one's surroundings and reduced self‐awareness. It has been hypothesized to play a role in the maintenance of obsessive‐compulsive (OC) symptoms. However, because absorption is a trait of reduced attentional control, a possible confound may be attention‐deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms, which have been reported to be comorbid with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to validate dissociative absorption as unique from ADHD symptoms as well as from mind‐wandering and to show that it has incremental predictive value over these constructs in predicting OC symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodThree‐hundred and three undergraduate students completed online questionnaires, which were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsAs hypothesized, dissociative absorption emerged as a unique construct, separate from ADHD, and mind‐wandering (whereas the latter two were not completely separate from each other). Additionally, absorption was uniquely associated with OC symptoms, with a moderate‐to‐strong effect size, demonstrating incremental predictive value over the other constructs.ConclusionsAttentional deficits and mind‐wandering cannot account for the association between absorption and OC symptoms. Future research should explore whether reports of comorbidity between ADHD and OC symptoms may be inflated due to misdiagnosis of absorption tendencies as ADHD.Practitioner points

Dissociative absorption is a personality tendency that may interact with obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, and thus, it may deserve clinical attention when treating obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)

Dissociative absorption might bring about an unnecessary diagnosis of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, and thus, it should be screened for.

This study was based on a non‐clinical sample; future studies should replicate the findings among samples with an OCD diagnosis.

This study is based on self‐report questionnaires; future studies should use clinician interviews.
Evaluation of 230 patients with relapsed/refractory deletion 17p chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with ibrutinib from 3 clinical trials
Authors: Jones Jeffrey , Mato Anthony , Coutre Steven , Byrd John C. , Furman Richard R. , Hillmen Peter , Osterborg Anders , Tam Constantine , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Wierda William G. , Heerema Nyla A. , Eckert Karl , Clow Fong , Zhou Cathy , Chu Alvina D. , James Danelle F. , O'Brien Susan M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) with deletion 17p [del(17p)] have poor outcomes with chemoimmunotherapy. Ibrutinib is indicated for the treatment of CLL/SLL, including del(17p) CLL/SLL, and allows for treatment without chemotherapy. This integrated analysis was performed to evaluate outcomes in 230 patients with relapsed/refractory del(17p) CLL/SLL from three ibrutinib studies. With a median of 2 prior therapies (range, 1–12), 18% and 79% of evaluable patients had del(11q) or unmutated IGHV, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 28 months, overall response rate was 85% and estimated 30‐month progression‐free and overall survival rates were 57% [95% confidence interval (CI) 50–64] and 69% (95% CI 61–75), respectively. Patients with normal lactate dehydrogenase or no bulky disease had the most favourable survival outcomes. Sustained haematological improvements in haemoglobin, platelet count and absolute neutrophil count occurred in 61%, 67% and 70% of patients with baseline cytopenias, respectively. New onset severe cytopenias and infections decreased in frequency over time. Progression‐free and overall survival with ibrutinib surpass those of other therapies for patients with del(17p) CLL/SLL. These results provide further evidence of the robust clinical activity of ibrutinib in difficult‐to‐treat CLL/SLL populations.
Combination therapy with clomiphene citrate and anastrozole is a safe and effective alternative for hypoandrogenic subfertile men
Authors: Alder Nathan J. , Keihani Sorena , Stoddard Gregory J. , Myers Jeremy B. , Hotaling James M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with clomiphene citrate (CC) and anastrozole (AZ) for male hypoandrogenism.Patients and MethodsWe identified patients treated with a combination of CC + AZ in the period 2014 to 2017. Data were gathered on patient characteristics and laboratory values at baseline. Total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, oestradiol and testosterone:oestradiol ratio were measured before combination therapy (treatment with CC only) and at CC + AZ combination therapy follow‐ups. Treatment side effects were recorded; prostatic‐specific antigen and haematocrit levels were measured to assess safety after 6 months. As a secondary outcome, semen characteristics were compared at baseline and after at least 3 months of combination therapy when these data were available. Data were analysed using a paired t‐test and Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test.ResultsA total of 51 men were included, with a mean age of 35.4 ± 7.4 years and a mean body mass index of 35.0 ± 8.0 kg/m2. After CC treatment, total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, and oestradiol levels all significantly increased. AZ was added in all patients with hyperoestrogenaemia (oestradiol >50 pg/mL) or a testosterone:oestradiol ratio <10. CC + AZ therapy maintained therapeutic total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone levels while also normalizing oestradiol levels and testosterone:oestradiol ratio. Eleven patients experienced side effects: anxiety/irritability, n = 5; decreased libido, n = 4; elevated (>54%) haematocrit, n = 2.ConclusionCombination therapy with CC + AZ is an effective and safe alternative for patients with elevated oestradiol level or low testosterone:oestradiol ratio.