bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antrodia cinnamomea induces anti-tumor activity by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway in lung cancer cells
Authors: Huang Tsung-Teng , Lan Ying-Wei , Chen Chuan-Mu , Ko Yun-Fei , Ojcius David M. , Martel Jan , Young John D. , Chong Kowit-Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examined the effects of an Antrodia cinnamomea ethanol extract (ACEE) on lung cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. ACEE produced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. ACEE treatment increased expression of p53 and Bax, as well as cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, while reducing expression of survivin and Bcl-2. ACEE also reduced the levels of JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in LLC cells. In a murine allograft tumor model, oral administration of ACEE significantly inhibited LLC tumor growth and metastasis without affecting serum biological parameters or body weight. ACEE increased cleavage of caspase-3 in murine tumors, while decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, ACEE reduced the growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Our findings therefore indicate that ACEE inhibits lung tumor growth and metastasis by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer cells.
Detection of novel fusion-transcripts by RNA-Seq in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: López-Nieva Pilar , Fernández-Navarro Pablo , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Andrés-León Eduardo , Santos Javier , Villa-Morales María , Cobos-Fernández María Ángeles , González-Sánchez Laura , Malumbres Marcos , Salazar-Roa María , Fernández-Piqueras José 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFusions transcripts have been proven to be strong drivers for neoplasia-associated mutations, although their incidence in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma needs to be determined yet. Using RNA-Seq we have selected 55 fusion transcripts identified by at least two of three detection methods in the same tumour. We confirmed the existence of 24 predicted novel fusions that had not been described in cancer or normal tissues yet, indicating the accuracy of the prediction. Of note, one of them involves the proto oncogene TAL1. Other confirmed fusions could explain the overexpression of driver genes such as COMMD3-BMI1, LMO1 or JAK3. Five fusions found exclusively in tumour samples could be considered pathogenic (NFYG-TAL1, RIC3-TCRBC2, SLC35A3-HIAT1, PICALM MLLT10 and MLLT10-PICALM). However, other fusions detected simultaneously in normal and tumour samples (JAK3-INSL3, KANSL1-ARL17A/B and TFG-ADGRG7) could be germ-line fusions genes involved in tumour-maintaining tasks. Notably, some fusions were confirmed in more tumour samples than predicted, indicating that the detection methods underestimated the real number of existing fusions. Our results highlight the potential of RNA-Seq to identify new cryptic fusions, which could be drivers or tumour-maintaining passenger genes. Such novel findings shed light on the searching for new T-LBL biomarkers in these haematological disorders.
Membrane insertion and secretion of the Engrailed-2 (EN2) transcription factor by prostate cancer cells may induce antiviral activity in the stroma
Authors: Punia Natasha , Primon Monika , Simpson Guy R. , Pandha Hardev S. , Morgan Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEngrailed-2 (EN2) is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that has roles in boundary formation and neural guidance in early development, but which is also expressed in a range of cancers. In addition to transcriptional regulation, it is secreted by cells and taken up by others through a mechanism that is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the distribution of EN2 protein in cells was evaluated using immunofluorescence with a set of antibodies raised against overlapping epitopes across the protein, and through the use of an EN2-GFP construct. MX2 expression in primary prostate tumors was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. We showed that EN2 protein is present in the cell membrane and within microvesicles that can be secreted from the cell and taken up by others. When taken up by normal cells from the stroma EN2 induces the expression of MX2 (MxB), a protein that has a key role in the innate immune response to viruses. Our findings indicate that EN2 secretion by tumors may be a means of preventing viral-mediated immune invasion of tissue immediately adjacent to the tumor.
Investigation into the Molecular Mechanisms underlying the Anti-proliferative and Anti-tumorigenesis activities of Diosmetin against HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Koosha Sanaz , Mohamed Zahurin , Sinniah Ajantha , Alshawsh Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiosmetin (Dis) is a bioflavonoid with cytotoxicity properties against variety of cancer cells including hepatocarcinoma, breast and colorectal (CRC) cancer. The exact mechanism by which Dis acts against CRC however, still remains unclear, hence in this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Dis in CRC cell line, HCT-116. Here, we monitored the viability of HCT-116 cells in the presence of Dis and investigated the underlying mechanism of Dis against HCT-116 cells at the gene and protein levels using NanoString and proteome profiler array technologies. Findings demonstrated that Dis exhibits greater cytotoxic effects towards HCT-116 CRC cells (IC50 = 3.58 ± 0.58 µg/ml) as compared to the normal colon CCD-841 cells (IC50 = 51.95 ± 0.11 µg/ml). Arrests of the cells in G2/M phase confirms the occurrence of mitotic disruption via Dis. Activation of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax at the gene and protein levels along with the release of Cytochrome C from mitochondria and cleavage of Caspase cascades indicate the presence of turbulence as a result of apoptosis induction in Dis-treated cells. Moreover, NF-ƙB translocation was inhibited in Dis-treated cells. Our results indicate that Dis can target HCT-116 cells through the mitotic disruption and apoptosis induction.
Nest microclimate during incubation affects posthatching development and parental care in wild birds
Authors: Mueller Alexander J. , Miller Kelly D. , Bowers E. Keith 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is widely accepted that recent increases in environmental temperature have had a causal effect on changing life histories; however, much of the evidence for this is derived from long-term observations, whereas inferences of causation require experimentation. Here, we assess effects of increased environmental temperature during incubation on posthatching development, nestling begging and parental care, and reproductive success in two wild, cavity-nesting songbirds, the Carolina wren and prothonotary warbler. We heated experimental nests only during incubation, which increased nest-cavity temperature by ca. 1 °C. This reduced the length of the incubation and nestling periods, and reduced fledging success in prothonotary warblers, while nestling Carolina wrens had similar fledging success but reduced body condition in response to increased temperature. Increased nest-cavity temperature during incubation also reduced posthatching begging by nestlings generally and parental care within Carolina wrens specifically, suggesting potential mechanisms generating these carry-over effects. Offspring body mass and fledging age are often predictive of post-fledging survival and recruitment. Thus, our results suggest that increasing temperatures may affect fitness in wild populations in species-specific ways, and induce life-history changes including the classic trade-off parents face between the size and number of offspring.
Pt-free, low-cost and efficient counter electrode with carbon wrapped VO2(M) nanofiber for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Gnanasekar Subashini , Kollu Pratap , Jeong Soon Kwan , Grace Andrews Nirmala 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study reports the use of one-dimensional carbon wrapped VO2(M) nanofiber (VO2(M)/C) as a cost-effective counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); where M denotes monoclinic crystal system. Uniform short length nanofiber was synthesised by a sol-gel based simple and versatile electrospinning and post carbonization technique. The investigation of nanostructure and morphological analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with EDAX. The electrochemical response was comprehensively characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization. The electrochemical analysis of the VO2(M)/C nanofiber counter electrode exhibits significant electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of triiodide and low charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The DSSCs fabricated with carbon-wrapped VO2(M) nanofiber CE showed high power conversion efficiency of 6.53% under standard test condition of simulated 1SUN illumination at AM1.5 G, which was comparable to the 7.39% observed for conventional thermally decomposed Pt CE based DSSC under same test conditions. This result encourages the next step of modification and use of low-cost VO2(M) as an alternate counter electrode for DSSCs to achieve a substantial efficiency for future energy demand.
Human motor cortex relies on sparse and action-specific activation during laughing, smiling and speech production
Authors: Kern Markus , Bert Sina , Glanz Olga , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Ball Tonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSmiling, laughing, and overt speech production are fundamental to human everyday communication. However, little is known about how the human brain achieves the highly accurate and differentiated control of such orofacial movement during natural conditions. Here, we utilized the high spatiotemporal resolution of subdural recordings to elucidate how human motor cortex is functionally engaged during control of real-life orofacial motor behaviour. For each investigated movement class—lip licking, speech production, laughing and smiling—our findings reveal a characteristic brain activity pattern within the mouth motor cortex with both spatial segregation and overlap between classes. Our findings thus show that motor cortex relies on sparse and action-specific activation during real-life orofacial behaviour, apparently organized in distinct but overlapping subareas that control different types of natural orofacial movements.
Mechanistic insight into the sensing of nitroaromatic compounds by metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Sharma Amitosh , Kim Dongwook , Park Jae-Heon , Rakshit Surajit , Seong Junmo , Jeong Gyoung Hwa , Kwon Oh-Hoon , Lah Myoung Soo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere has been extensive research on the sensing of explosive nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) using fluorescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, ambiguity in the sensing mechanism has hampered the development of efficient explosive sensors. Here we report the synthesis of a hydroxyl-functionalized MOF for rapid and efficient sensing of NACs and examine in detail its fluorescence quenching mechanisms. In chloroform, quenching takes place primarily by exciton migration to the ground-state complex formed between the MOF and the analytes. A combination of hydrogen-bonding interactions and π–π stacking interactions are responsible for fluorescence quenching, and this observation is supported by single-crystal structures. In water, the quenching mechanism shifts toward resonance energy transfer and photo-induced electron transfer, after exciton migration as in chloroform. This study provides insight into florescence-quenching mechanisms for the selective sensing of NACs and reduces the ambiguity regarding the nature of interactions between the MOF and NACs.
Critical analysis of periodic fractal frequency selective surfacescoupled with synthesised ferrite‐based dielectric substrates for optimal radarwave absorption
Authors: Mishra Varsha , Panwar Ravi , Singh Arunima , Puthucheri Smitha , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: March 2019

It is a very challenging task to develop a good radar wave absorber with widebandwidth that corresponds to reflection loss (RL) ≤ − 10 dB and lower coatingthickness using radar absorbing material alone. However, this goal can beachieved with the application of advanced electromagnetic (EM) structures suchas fractal frequency selective surfaces (FFSSs). The prior knowledge of thesuitability of an FFSS for a particular nanocomposite material based on itsdielectric constant (ɛ′) is a very crucial factor. Therefore, acritical analysis has been carried out to choose the suitable FFSS geometriesfor a given set of nanocomposite materials having a ɛ′ rangingin between 1 and 20. The higher iterated Minkowski loop FFSS‐impactednanocomposite has been chosen for the experimental validation based on its goodradar wave absorption capability. The Minkowski loop FFSS‐impacted radarabsorbing coating (RAC) has been fabricated, and its performance evaluation hasbeen carried out. The measured RL of −17.9 dB at 10.8 GHz with a wide bandwidthof 2.9 GHz (RL≤−10 dB) has been noticed for 2.2 mm thick RAC. The findingsprovide an effective way to develop thin and broadband absorber for variouspractical EM applications.
Chirurgisches Pflichttertial im Praktischen Jahr – das Sprungbrett in die chirurgische Weiterbildung?
Authors: Fröhlich Susanne , Göbel Florian , Meder Adrian , Wirkner Janine , Obertacke Udo , Kasch Richard 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das Praktische Jahr stellt als letzter Abschnitt des Medizinstudiums eine prägende Zeit für den Studierenden dar, da medizinisches Wissen in ärztliche Kompetenzen überführt werden soll. Das Fachgebiet Chirurgie ist mit seinem Pflichttertial fest in der Ausbildungsstruktur verankert. In der vorliegenden Evaluation desselben sollen hier insbesondere die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Bewertung des PJ-Tertials Chirurgie und einem entsprechenden Spezialisierungswunsch in diesem Fach untersucht werden.
Methoden Eine durch die AG Lehre der DGOU 2012 durchgeführte Onlineumfrage erbrachte vollständige Datensätze von insgesamt 9079 Teilnehmern. In die vorliegende Analyse gingen die Daten der Teilnehmer ein, die zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung bereits ihr PJ-Pflichttertial Chirurgie absolviert hatten (n = 184). Diese wurden zur Analyse 4 Gruppen eingeteilt: Entscheidung für eine Spezialisierung in der Chirurgie bereits vor dem PJ-Pflichttertial („Ja, vorher“; JV), während des PJ-Pflichttertials („Ja, während“; JW), und Entscheidung dagegen vor dem PJ-Pflichttertial („Nein, vorher“; NV) bzw. während des PJ-Pflichttertials („Nein, während“, NW). Die insgesamt 38 Umfrage-Items wurden unter Berücksichtigung der Entscheidung bez. der Fachspezialisierung zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse 57,9% der Befragten äußerten sich positiv bez. des Gesamteindrucks das chirurgische Pflichttertial betreffend. Besonders positiv unterschied sich die Gruppe JW im Vergleich zur Gruppe NW (Entscheid gegen die Chirurgie). Wir finden in allen analysierten Items signifikante Unterschiede: Integration in Team JW/NW (p ≤ 0,003), Erwerb von Kompetenzen (p ≤ 0,014), Lehrende (p ≤ 0,025), Qualität und Struktur der Lehre (p ≤ 0,043) und Gesamtzufriedenheit mit dem Pflichttertial (p ≤ 0,037).
Diskussion Im Gegensatz zu anderen Fächern besteht im Bereich Chirurgie die Möglichkeit, Nachwuchs direkt im Rahmen des Pflichttertials zu rekrutieren. Die Ergebnisse aus studentischer Sicht offenbaren defizitäre Strukturen. Die mangelnde ärztliche Betreuung/Unterstützung, die unzureichende Einbeziehung in therapeutische Überlegungen, der mangelhafte Erwerb von fachlichem Wissen, der fehlende Kontakt zu den Lehrenden sind nur einige wesentliche Unterpunkte, die das Gesamtergebnis der Zufriedenheit der Studierenden mit dem Pflichttertial negativ beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen als Anstoß dienen und in die Neustrukturierung der Pflichttertiale des Praktischen Jahres, die der Masterplan 2020 mit sich bringen wird, einfließen.
Balintgruppenarbeit mit Medizinstudierenden – ein Weg zur Verbesserung der Empathie- und Kommunikationsfähigkeit von Studierenden
Authors: Voigtländer Annakatrin 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Notwendigkeit einer Verbesserung der Kommunikation von Arzt und Patient ist in den letzten Jahren stärker in den Fokus der Deutschen Ärzteschaft gerückt. Dabei wird ebenfalls die Förderung von Kommunikationskompetenzen bereits im Medizinstudium gefordert, wobei die verschiedenen Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation jedoch meist an der Veränderung einer Technik der Gesprächsführung ansetzen.Die Methode der Balintgruppenarbeit mit Studierenden stellt dazu eine Ergänzung insofern dar, als durch sie nicht eine Technik vermittelt wird, sondern durch Einbeziehung der unbewussten Anteile beider Kommunikationspartner eine Haltungsänderung des Studierenden gegenüber dem Patienten erreicht werden kann, die zu mehr Einfühlungsvermögen und besser gelingender Kommunikation beiträgt.Die Erfahrung von 9 Jahren Balintarbeit mit Medizinstudierenden bildet die Grundlage dieses Artikels, in dem versucht wird, eigene Beobachtungen zu Veränderungen im Erleben und Verhalten von Studierenden darzustellen, die sich mit neueren Forschungsergebnissen zu decken scheinen. Besonderheiten der Arbeit mit Studierenden werden ebenso beschrieben wie ein Fallbeispiel, das die Arbeit mit ihnen veranschaulichen soll.Zugleich soll durch diesen Beitrag an eine Methode erinnert werden, die in der heutigen Zeit, in der das schnellere Erlernen einer Technik ökonomischer erscheint als die langwierigere, aber nachhaltige Arbeit an der Veränderung einer Haltung, aus dem Blick zu geraten droht.
Pathological Concentration of C-reactive Protein is Correlated to Increased Concentrations of Quetiapine, But Not of Risperidone, Olanzapine and Aripiprazole in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Scherf-Clavel Maike , Weidner Anne , Deckert Jürgen , Menke Andreas , Unterecker Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction Infections can alter drug clearance, but the impact of inflammation-induced changes is still not well known. The aim of the investigation was to examine the effect of pathological C-reactive protein (CRP) values (≥0.5 mg/dL) and leukocyte count on the metabolism of 4 different atypical antipsychotics.
Methods Steady-state serum concentrations of individual patients under therapy with risperidone (n=45), aripiprazole (n=30), olanzapine (n=24), and quetiapine (n=166) were retrospectively analyzed during a period of inflammation by Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis. Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of patients with serum concentrations above and below the upper limit of the therapeutic reference range of each target drug with regard to CRP concentration and leukocyte count. Linear regression analysis was applied to correct for confounding parameters age and sex.
Results Pathological concentrations of CRP were significantly associated with elevated values of C/D of quetiapine (n=166, Spearman’s Rho: r=0.269, p<0.001; linear regression: p<0.001). Among patients with quetiapine serum concentrations below 500 ng/mL, CRP concentrations were significantly (p=0.006) lower compared to patients with quetiapine concentrations above 500 ng/mL. A trend for a positive correlation between CRP and serum concentration was found for olanzapine (n=24, Spearman’s Rho: r=0.385, p=0.063; linear regression: p=0.086).
Conclusion During a period of inflammation in patients taking quetiapine, according to our results, attention in dosing strategies is required to prevent toxic plasma concentrations.
Symmetrical Thalamic Lesions in the Newborn: A Case Series
Authors: Pols T. , de Vries L.S. , Salamon A. , Nikkels P.G.J. , Lichtenbelt K.D. , Mulder-de Tollenaer S.M. , van Wezel-Meijler G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough bilateral injury to the thalami is often seen in (near)term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), symmetrical thalamic lesions (STL) is a different, very rare condition, seen both in full-term and preterm infants often after an antenatal insult, although the history is not always clear. These lesions are usually first detected using cranial ultrasound (cUS). They may not always be seen on the first (admission) scan, but become apparent in the course of the 1st week after birth. Clinically, these infants present with hypo- or hypertonia, absence of sucking and swallowing reflexes, and they may have contractures and facial diplegia. Neuropathology commonly demonstrates a thalamic lesion with additional and variable involvement of basal ganglia and brainstem. The prognosis is very poor, the condition often leads to severe disabilities and/or death within the first years of life. The clinical course and neuroimaging findings of 13 patients with symmetrical thalamic lesions (STL) are reported.
Approximately 30% of Functioning Anterior Cruciate Ligaments Are Sacrificed for Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hiranaka Takafumi , Hida Yuichi , Fujishiro Takaaki , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kikuchi Kenichi , Yoshikawa Ryo , Tachibana Shotaro , Okamoto Koji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays an important role in knee kinematics. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) preserves the ACL, an advantage over total knee arthroplasty (TKA), where it is sacrificed. This study aims to evaluate how often functional ACLs are sacrificed in arthroplasty. The type of arthroplasty (TKA or UKA) and condition of the ACL were studied in a total of 1,586 knees in 1,052 patients who underwent knee arthroplasties. Of 1,586 knees, TKA was performed on 653 knees (41%) and UKA on 933 knees (59%). The ACL was functioning in 77% of all knees. Of the TKA knees, the ACL was functioning in 357 knees (55%). Of these, around 30% of the functioning ACLs were sacrificed to perform TKA. To improve postoperative patient satisfaction after knee arthroplasty, further study regarding relationship between ACL preservation and clinical outcome will be required.