bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment in Chemistry Education
Authors: Stowe Ryan L. , Cooper Melanie M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKnowing what students know and can do is challenging business, as we cannot directly examine what any given person is thinking. Instead, we must construct opportunities for students to make their thinking visible and interpret the evidence elicited from these opportunities to infer progress toward desired outcomes. Here we describe the approach of “assessments as evidentiary arguments” and examine several types of assessments that are used to evaluate the learning of college chemistry students. Throughout this discussion, we will pay especial attention to the assumptions (or lack thereof) that particular assessment strategies make about how students learn. We have limited discussion to what students know and can do with regards to chemistry and chemical phenomena. That is, we are not concerned here with assessment of affective constructs (e. g. motivation, identity).
Rapidly progressing programmed cell death 1 inhibitor‐related pneumonitis in a hemodialytic patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsumura Yoshiaki , Iemura Yusuke , Fukui Shinji , Tatsumi Yoshihiro , Kagebayashi Yoriaki , Samma Shoji 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionThe efficacy and safety of nivolumab for patients receiving hemodialysis remain uncertain. Herein, we report a patient receiving a maintenance hemodialysis with life‐threatening interstitial pneumonitis caused by nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Case presentationA 61‐year‐old man with chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma was started on hemodialysis. Six months later, he developed multiple bone metastases and received pazopanib. Pazopanib, however, was not effective. We then switched to nivolumab as second‐line treatment. Five days after the first administration of nivolumab, he complained of respiratory discomfort and malaise with oxygen desaturation. Chest computed tomography demonstrated diffuse areas of ground glass opacity in both lung fields, suggesting programmed cell death 1 inhibitor‐related pneumonitis. Prompt corticosteroid therapy led to improvement of the symptoms.ConclusionCaution should be exercised on the administration of nivolumab to hemodialysis patients due to the risk of interstitial pneumonitis.
Ectopic adrenal adenoma causing gross hematuria: Steroidogenic enzyme profiling and literature review
Authors: Ashikari Daisaku , Tawara So , Sato Katsuhiko , Mochida Junichi , Masuda Shinobu , Mukai Kuniaki , Turcu Adina , Nishimoto Koshiro , Yamaguchi Kenya , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionAberrant cortical adrenal tissues are not generally identified in adults. Herein, we present a very rare case of an ectopic adrenal tumor located in the renal hilum that caused gross hematuria.Case presentationA 33‐year‐old man suddenly presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 35‐mm mass in the left renal hilum encroaching the renal vein. Following the surgical removal with frozen section of the mass, his gross hematuria immediately improved. Pathological analysis of the specimen revealed the features adrenal adenoma. Immunohistochemical staining for key steroidogenic enzymes confirmed the adrenocortical origin without excessive hormone production.ConclusionThis is the first case of an ectopic adrenocortical adenoma in the renal hilum that caused gross hematuria without hormonal symptoms.
The GLP‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide protects against oxidized LDL‐induced endothelial inflammation and dysfunction via KLF2
Authors: Yue Wen , Li Yi , Ou Dengke , Yang Qing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCardiovascular complications are the major causes of the mortality and morbidities in diabetic patients. The diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, which could lead to heart attack and stroke. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are a class of potent anti‐glycemic agents to treat diabetes. Recently, several GLP‐1 receptor agonists have been found to have cardiovascular benefit independent of their glucose lowing ability. Liraglutide is one of clinically approved effective GLP‐1 receptor agonists. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Liraglutide against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in cultured endothelial cells. Our data show that Liraglutide treatment ameliorates ox‐LDL caused reduction of the transcriptional factor KLF2. In the same experiment, Liraglutide also rescues ox‐LDL induced reduction of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) phosphorylation, and blockage of ERK5 activity by its inhibitor XMD8‐92 abolishes the protection of Liraglutide on KLF2 expression. These facts suggest that the action of Liraglutide on endothelial KLF2 is dependent on ERK5. Liraglutide also recovers ox‐LDL caused reduction of endothelial tight junctions protein Occludin and ameliorates ox‐LDL induced endothelial monolayer permeability increase. On the other hand, Liraglutide inhibits ox‐LDL induced expression of vascular adhesion molecules (E‐selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and prevents ox‐LDL induced attachment of monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells. Moreover, Liraglutide mitigates ox‐LDL triggered reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and NO release. Collectively, our study provides multiple facets of the mechanisms that Liraglutide is a protective agent in endothelial cells and has the potential implication in therapeutic usage of vascular complication in diabetes patients. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1347–1354, 2019
An adherent‐cell depletion technique to generate human neural progenitors and neurons
Authors: Leung Alan W. , Li James Y. H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExisting methodologies to produce human neural stem cells and neurons from embryonic stem cells frequently involve multistep processes and the use of complex and expensive media components, cytokines or small molecules. Here, we report a simple technique to generate human neuroepithelial progenitors and neurons by periodic mechanical dissection and adherent‐cell depletion on regular cell‐culture grade plastic surfaces. This neural induction technique does not employ growth factors, small molecules or peptide inhibitors, apart from those present in serum‐free supplements. Suggestive of their central nervous system origin, we found that neural progenitors formed by this technique expressed radial glia markers, and, when differentiated, expressed TUBB3, RBFOX3 (NeuN) and serotonin, but not markers for peripheral neurons. With these data, we postulate that incorporation of periodic mechanical stimuli and plastic surface‐mediated cell selection could improve and streamline existing human neuron production protocols.
Virus‐inspired and mimetic designs in non‐viral gene delivery
Authors: Luo Tianying , Liang Hong , Jin Rongrong , Nie Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVirus‐inspired mimics for nucleic acid transportation have attracted much attention in the past decade, especially the derivative microenvironment stimuli‐responsive designs. In the present mini‐review, the smart designs of gene carriers that overcome biological barriers and realize an efficient delivery are categorized with respect to the different “triggers” provided by tumor cells, including pH, redox potentials, ATP, enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Some dual/multi‐responsive gene vectors have also been introduced that show a more precise and efficient delivery in the complicated environment of human body. In addition, inspired by the special recognition mechanisms and components of viruses, improvements in the design of carriers relating to targeting/penetration properties, as well as chemical component evolution, are also addressed.
Restructured frame‐of‐reference training improves rating accuracy
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Hong , Wee Serena , Koh Brandon 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe use of heuristic judgments is prevalent in organizations and negatively impacts accurate employee assessments. To minimize the negative impact of heuristic judgments (i.e., anchoring and adjustment), we aim to improve rating accuracy by restructuring frame‐of‐reference (FOR) training. We conducted five studies (N = 1,143) using different samples (three including participants with hiring experience), training environments (onsite and online), and rating contexts (evaluations of sales representatives, teachers, contract negotiation specialists, and retail store managers). Across the five studies, the average improvement in rating accuracy was at least twice as large for restructured FOR (vs. control) training as it was for typical FOR (vs. control) training; the difference in rating accuracy between restructured and typical FOR training was statistically significant. Furthermore, minimizing the anchoring effect rather than increasing opportunities for rating adjustments improved rating accuracy (Study 4). Finally, restructured FOR training achieved higher criterion validity (i.e., a higher strength of the association between ratings regarding a target and the target's objective performance) than did typical FOR training (Studies 3 and 5). We discuss implications for improving the effectiveness of diverse training programs and the accuracy of judgments in organizations.
Computational study of inhibitory effect of urea, n‐allylthiourea, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylhydrazine on the aluminum surfaces
Authors: Zeidabadinejad Leila , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe interactions between urea, n‐allylthiourea, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylhydrazine on the aluminum surface have been analyzed employing B3LYP/6‐31g(d,p) level of theory in liquid water and gas phase. The interaction energies for two orientations of urea, n‐allylthiourea, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylhydrazine were considered. The calculations revealed that in all cases the urea, n‐allylthiourea, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylhydrazine are located parallel to the Al surface. The preferred complex orientation is that one, in which the maximum number of donor atoms of inhibitors have interacted with the Al surface. The thermodynamic descriptor such as the Gibbs free energy of the complexes of inhibitors with the Al surface has been evaluated. The natural bond orbital analysis of inhibitors complexes with the Al surface was done to find out how to transfer the charge and compare the stability of the interactions. The localized orbital locator, electron location function and analysis and quantum theory of atoms in the molecule have been used to investigate the nature of the various possible interactions between inhibitors with Al surface in terms of bond critical points.
Controlled Growth of Ultra‐Thick Polymer Brushes via Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Active Polymers as Initiators
Authors: Zeng Yiyang , Xie Lei , Chi Fangting , Liu Dejian , Wu Haoyan , Pan Ning , Sun Guangai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolymer brushes exhibit functionalities useful for a large number of applications. Often these functionalities only emerge when the polymer brushes have a desired thickness. Here, a significant breakthrough is achieved in the synthesis of ultra‐thick polymer brushes using polymer initiators in the approach of surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, yielding polymer brushes with a controllable thickness up to 15.1 µm. This is reportedly the thickest polymer brush ever synthesized. This approach is applicable for several monomers such as acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and styrene, and for other types of polymer substrates such as fibers.
Making Nanocomposites of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers Using Gas‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Farnia Farhad , Fan Weizheng , Dory Yves , Zhao Yue 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenerally, different surface‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are required for use as nanofillers in hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. In the present study, for the first time, a kind of “universal” nanofiller for polymer composites is demonstrated by using CNC grafted with a gas‐responsive polymer. CNC are functionalized with pyrene‐containing poly(2‐(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl)methacrylate) (CNC‐g‐PDEAEMA‐Py). The reversible transport of the nanocrystals between phase‐separated water and toluene is proved by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. On the one hand, water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be mixed with dispersed CNC upon CO2 bubbling for making the PVA‐CNC nanocomposite. On the other hand, after the transfer of CNC into the toluene solution upon N2 bubbling, styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer can be dissolved for the SBS‐CNC nanocomposite. In both systems, CNC are well dispersed, having an effect on the mechanical and shape memory properties of SBS and PVA, respectively.
Classification of Metal Binders by Naïve Bayes Classifier on the Base of Molecular Fragment Descriptors and Ensemble Modeling
Authors: Solov'ev Vitaly , Tsivadze Aslan , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, we report two‐class classification models for organic molecules (“ligands”) able to bind various metal cations in water. The modeling was performed on 30 data sets, each corresponding to a particular metal, using the Naïve Bayes method and the ISIDA fragment descriptors. The ligands were classified on weak and strong binders according to threshold of the logarithm of the stability constant of the 1 : 1 (metal : ligand) complexes. The “consensus models” consisted each of 50 best individual models demonstrated a good predictive performance in 5‐fold cross validation: the balanced accuracy (BA) varies from 0.965 (Yb3+) to 0.767 (Mg2+). The best predictions (BA>0.90) were obtained for the binders of rare‐earth metals (Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+, Lu3+, Ho3+, Gd3+ and Dy3+) and Pb2+. For 17 small external test sets of new ligands, BA varies from 0.800 to 1. The impact of variables selection on the predictive performance of the models is discussed.
Chemical Kinetics of the Oxidation of Manganese and of the Decomposition of MnO2 by XRD and TG Measurements
Authors: Kelzenberg Stefan , Eisenreich Norbert , Knapp Sebastian , Koleczko Andrzej , Schuppler Heike , Fietzek Harald 
Published: April 2019

AbstractData from heated in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry from the decomposition of MnO2 and from the oxidation of Mn are evaluated to get kinetical parameters for combustion and reaction modelling. Reaction schemes could be derived for the decomposition of MnO2: MnO2→Mn2O3→Mn3O4 and for the oxidation of Mn: Mn→MnO→Mn3O4→Mn2O3. Different reaction models were used to fit the data and result in different kinetical parameters for the reaction steps. But comparing the results is very difficult and does not give a conclusive picture.
Side chain electrostatic interactions and pH‐dependent expansion of the intrinsically disordered, highly acidic carboxyl‐terminus of γ‐tubulin
Authors: Payliss Brandon J. , Vogel Jackie , Mittermaier Anthony K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntramolecular electrostatic attraction and repulsion strongly influence the conformational sampling of intrinsically disordered proteins and domains (IDPs). In order to better understand this complex relationship, we have used nuclear magnetic resonance to measure side chain pKa values and pH‐dependent translational diffusion coefficients for the unstructured and highly acidic carboxyl‐terminus of γ‐tubulin (γ‐CT), providing insight into how the net charge of an IDP relates to overall expansion or collapse of the conformational ensemble. Many of the pKa values in the γ‐CT are shifted upward by 0.3–0.4 units and exhibit negatively cooperative ionization pH profiles, likely due to the large net negative charge that accumulates on the molecule as the pH is raised. pKa shifts of this magnitude correspond to electrostatic interaction energies between the affected residues and the rest of the charged molecule that are each on the order of 1 kcal mol−1. Diffusion of the γ‐CT slowed with increasing net charge, indicative of an expanding hydrodynamic radius (rH). The degree of expansion agreed quantitatively with what has been seen from comparisons of IDPs with different charge content, yielding the general trend that every 0.1 increase in relative charge (|Q|/res) produces a roughly 5% increase in rH. While γ‐CT pH titration data followed this trend nearly perfectly, there were substantially larger deviations for the database of different IDP sequences. This suggests that other aspects of an IDP's primary amino acid sequence beyond net charge influence the sensitivity of rH to electrostatic interactions.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study to assess the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata standardized extract (ParActin®) on pain reduction in subjects with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hancke Juan L. , Srivastav Shalini , Cáceres Dante D. , Burgos Rafael A. 
Published: April 2019

Andrographis paniculata Wall (Acanthaceae) is becoming more recognized for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an andrographolide‐containing supplement, ParActin® (300 and 600 mg daily), on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Joint stiffness, physical function, changes in the SF‐36 quality of life questionnaire, a fatigue scale, and safety were also evaluated. A total of 103 male and female patients with I‐II osteoarthritis of the knee joint were assessed. Patients treated with 300 or 600 mg/day of ParActin® showed a significant reduction in pain at days 28, 56, and 84 compared with a placebo group. WOMAC stiffness scores, physical function score, and the fatigue score showed a significant improvement in both ParActin®‐treated groups compared with the placebo group. At the end of the study, the quality of life (SF‐36 questionnaire) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) scores showed significant improvements in both ParActin®‐treated groups compared with the placebo group.Overall, it can be concluded that ParActin® in 300 and 600 mg/day dosages were found to be effective and safe in reducing pain in individuals suffering from mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.
CEO selection as risk‐taking: A new vantage on the debate about the consequences of insiders versus outsiders
Authors: Quigley Timothy J. , Hambrick Donald C. , Misangyi Vilmos F. , Rizzi G. Alessandra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryOur paper sheds new light on the performance implications associated with insider versus outsider CEOs. We frame CEO selection as risk‐taking, in which outsiders are relatively risky hires, with a greater tendency to generate extreme performance outcomes—either positive or negative—as compared to insiders. We base this expectation on two complementary theoretical perspectives: human capital and information asymmetry. We conduct multiple tests on large samples of CEO successions, with controls for endogeneity, and find that outsiders are indeed associated with more extreme performance outcomes than are insiders.
Managerial SummaryWe shed new light on the performance implications associated with outsider CEOs. Instead of asking the customary question, “Do outsider CEOs, on average, perform better or worse than insider CEOs?,” we frame CEO selection as risk‐taking. Under this view, outsiders are relatively risky hires, with a greater likelihood of generating extreme performance outcomes—either positive or negative—as compared to insiders. We conduct multiple tests on large samples of CEO successions and find that outsiders are indeed associated with more extreme performance outcomes than are insiders.
Dynamic DNA Structures
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Pan Victor , Li Xue , Yang Xueqin , Li Haofei , Wang Pengfei , Ke Yonggang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDynamic DNA structures, a type of DNA construct built using programmable DNA self‐assembly, have the capability to reconfigure their conformations in response to environmental stimulation. A general strategy to design dynamic DNA structures is to integrate reconfigurable elements into conventional static DNA structures that may be assembled from a variety of methods including DNA origami and DNA tiles. Commonly used reconfigurable elements range from strand displacement reactions, special structural motifs, target‐binding DNA aptamers, and base stacking components, to DNA conformational change domains, etc. Morphological changes of dynamic DNA structures may be visualized by imaging techniques or may be translated to other detectable readout signals (e.g., fluorescence). Owing to their programmable capability of recognizing environmental cues with high specificity, dynamic DNA structures embody the epitome of robust and versatile systems that hold great promise in sensing and imaging biological analytes, in delivering molecular cargos, and in building programmable systems that are able to conduct sophisticated tasks.
Legal Status, Gender, and Economic Incorporation of Senegalese Migrants in France, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Vickstrom Erik R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe economic integration of migrants is a major concern for policy makers, as is the legal status of immigrants in the labor market. While immigration-control legislation that confers residence and work authorization should theoretically mediate migrants’ access to the labor force, the presence and economic activity of millions of undocumented migrants in different receiving countries indicates that irregular legal status is often not a barrier to work. Indeed, some research suggests that immigrants are able to find work precisely because of their irregular status, which removes most legal recourse against exploitation by unscrupulous employers (Portes 1978). Migrants are thus assumed to have economic motivations for their migration and to work in the destination economy regardless of their legal status.
Stand and environmental data from Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in Spain
Authors: Bueis Teresa , Turrión María-Belén , Bravo Felipe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKey messageThis data set provides valuable environmental information aboutPinus halepensisandPinus sylvestrisplantations in Spain. An array of 74 physical, chemical and biochemical soil (organic horizon and 10 cm topsoil), climatic, physiographic and stand variables from 32P. halepensisand 77 variables from 35P. sylvestrisplantations are provided. Dataset access is athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1294607. Associated metadata is available athttps://agroenvgeo.data.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/b769554a-2e62-414a-9392-ebd307f0c76f.