bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of ovarian cancer xenografts causes loss of muscle and bone mass: a new model for the study of cancer cachexia
Authors: Pin Fabrizio , Barreto Rafael , Kitase Yukiko , Mitra Sumegha , Erne Carlie E. , Novinger Leah J. , Zimmers Teresa A. , Couch Marion E. , Bonewald Lynda F. , Bonetto Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCachexia frequently occurs in women with advanced ovarian cancer (OC), along with enhanced inflammation. Despite being responsible for one third of all cancer deaths, cachexia is generally under‐studied in OC due to a limited number of pre‐clinical animal models. We aimed to address this gap by characterizing the cachectic phenotype in a mouse model of OC.MethodsNod SCID gamma mice (n = 6–10) were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 107 ES‐2 human OC cells to mimic disseminated abdominal disease. Muscle size and strength, as well as bone morphometry, were assessed. Tumour‐derived effects on muscle fibres were investigated in C2C12 myotube cultures. IL‐6 levels were detected in serum and ascites from tumour hosts, as well as in tumour sections.ResultsIn about 2 weeks, ES‐2 cells developed abdominal tumours infiltrating omentum, mesentery, and adjacent organs. The ES‐2 tumours caused severe cachexia with marked loss of body weight (–12%, P < 0.01) and ascites accumulation in the peritoneal cavity (4.7 ± 1.5 mL). Skeletal muscles appeared markedly smaller in the tumour‐bearing mice (approximately –35%, P < 0.001). Muscle loss was accompanied by fibre atrophy, consistent with reduced muscle cross‐sectional area (–34%, P < 0.01) and muscle weakness (–50%, P < 0.001). Body composition assessment by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry revealed decreased bone mineral density (–8%, P < 0.01) and bone mineral content (–19%, P < 0.01), also consistent with reduced trabecular bone in both femurs and vertebrae, as suggested by micro‐CT imaging of bone morphometry. In the ES‐2 mouse model, cachexia was also associated with high tumour‐derived IL‐6 levels in plasma and ascites (26.3 and 279.6 pg/mL, respectively) and with elevated phospho‐STAT3 (+274%, P < 0.001), reduced phospho‐AKT (–44%, P < 0.001) and decreased mitochondrial proteins, as well as with increased protein ubiquitination (+42%, P < 0.001) and expression of ubiquitin ligases in the skeletal muscle of tumour hosts. Similarly, ES‐2 conditioned medium directly induced fibre atrophy in C2C12 mouse myotubes (–16%, P < 0.001), consistent with elevated phospho‐STAT3 (+1.4‐fold, P < 0.001) and altered mitochondrial homoeostasis and metabolism, while inhibition of the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling by means of INCB018424 was sufficient to restore the myotubes size.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the development of ES‐2 OC promotes muscle atrophy in both in vivo and in vitro conditions, accompanied by loss of bone mass, enhanced muscle protein catabolism, abnormal mitochondrial homoeostasis, and elevated IL‐6 levels. Therefore, this represents an appropriate model for the study of OC cachexia. Our model will aid in identifying molecular mediators that could be effectively targeted in order to improve muscle wasting associated with OC.
High spontaneous clearance of symptomatic iatrogenic acute hepatitis C genotype 4 infection
Authors: Hashem Mohamed , Zaghla Hassan , Zakaria Zainab , Allam Walaa R. , Sameea Eman Abdel , Mikhail Nabiel N. , Sobhy Maha , Galal Iman F. , Mokhtar Yasser , Hamdy Shimaa , Galal Gehan , Abdelwahab Sayed F. , Waked Imam 
Published: July 2018

Acute hepatitis C (AHC) infection resolves spontaneously in 15% to 40% of patients. Factors favoring spontaneous viral clearance remain undefined. In this study, predictors of spontaneous viral clearance in patients with symptomatic AHC were investigated. Epidemiological, clinical, and virologic parameters were also examined. Patients with symptomatic AHC were enrolled and followed up prospectively. The patients were followed up every 2 weeks in the first month and then monthly for the following 5 months, with a follow‐up visit 6 months after the last hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA negative sample for those who had cleared the virus. Interleukin (IL)‐28B.rs12979860 single‐nucleotide polymorphism and HCV genotype were tested at baseline. HCV‐RNA was tested during each visit. Patients who remained RNA‐positive at 24 weeks were treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. A total of 30 patients, mostly with iatrogenically acquired AHC genotype 4 infections completed 6‐months’ follow‐up, to either spontaneous clearance or start of treatment. The mean age of the patients was 37 ± 13 years. In total, 67% of patients were females, and the mean incubation period was 7.6 ± 3.5 weeks. Viral clearance occurred spontaneously in 19 (63.3%) patients. The average time to clearance was 24.3 ± 9.6 weeks. A total of 11 patients received therapy, and 8 (72.7%) cleared the virus and had a sustained virologic response to the treatment 24 weeks after the therapy. A total of three patients were treatment nonresponders. IL28B.rs12979860 CC genotype, female gender, and viremia level were not associated with self‐limiting AHC in this cohort. In conclusion, patients with symptomatic AHC genotype 4 infection caused by an iatrogenic exposure had higher rates of spontaneous resolution than previously reported. Predicting spontaneous viral clearance after iatrogenic AHC exposure was not possible in this population.
Enhancing lactational performance of Holstein dairy cows under commercial production: malic acid as an option
Authors: El‐Zaiat Hani M , Kholif Ahmed E , Mohamed Dyaaeldin A , Matloup Osama H , Anele Uchenna Y , Sallam Sobhy MA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Experiment 1 we studied the effect of malic acid addition at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg g−1 dry matter (DM) feed on in vitro ruminal fermentation. In Experiment 2, the effect of supplementing malic acid on feed intake, digestion and milk production and composition of lactating cows was studied. 200 multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two treatments: a basal diet containing concentrate and roughage at 58:42, respectively, with no additive (control treatment) or supplemented with malic acid at 30 g per cow daily (malic treatment).RESULTSIn Experiment 1, malic acid inclusion at 3 mg g−1 DM decreased in vitro methane production by 33%. In Experiment 2, malic acid decreased (P < 0.01) nutrient intake and increased nutrient digestibility. Greater (P < 0.05) milk yields, energy‐corrected milk yields and milk component yields were observed in cows supplemented with malic acid. Greater milk (feed) efficiency was observed with malic acid treatment compared with the control treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results show that the inclusion of malic acid at 30 g daily in the diet of lactating cows enhanced the nutrient digestibility and increased the milk production as well as feed efficiency. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre‐pupae meal as a dietary protein source for broiler production ensures a tasty chicken with standard meat quality for every pot
Authors: Pieterse Elsje , Erasmus Sara W , Uushona Tulimo , Hoffman Louwrens C 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnimal products (fishmeal etc.) are typically used in commercial broiler production systems. However, progressively more pressure is placed on the animal feed industry to find alternative protein sources that are more sustainable, ethical and green, such as insect meal, without having negative effects on the sensory and meat quality. Hence this study aimed to validate the commercial value of black soldier fly (BSF) pre‐pupae meal for broiler production by determining the effects of different dietary levels (0%, 5%, 10% or 15%) on carcass, sensory and meat quality.RESULTSThere were no significant differences for the carcass characteristics, pH, colour, thaw loss and cooking loss of the broilers. Treatment had no influence on the sensory characteristics (aroma, flavour, juiciness and tenderness) of the breast muscle (P > 0.05). Mineral content was similar across treatments and no differences (P > 0.05) were observed for the long‐chain fatty acid composition of the cooked broiler meat. None of the fatty acids was correlated with chicken flavour.CONCLUSIONBSF pre‐pupae meal (up to 15%) can be included in broiler diets without influencing the carcass, sensory or meat quality characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of precipitation and topography on vegetation recovery at landslide sites after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Yang Wentao , Qi Wenwen , Zhou Jinxing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn important form of land degradation is that induced by landslides. Vegetation recovery at coseismic landslide sites not only plays an important role in reducing soil erosion and increasing land stability but also records the transformation of loose, exposed landslide surfaces into stable hillslopes during the post‐seismic years. However, little is known about the vegetation recovery process or its influencing factors. In this study, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 daily precipitation data, and a digital elevation model (DEM) to study the impacts of precipitation and topographic parameters on vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Our results reveal significant NDVI decreases during the 2008 earthquake and strong recovery in the following years at the coseismic landslide sites. We also found significant negative correlations between precipitation and derivative of the NDVI trend (NDVIDT) in 2010 and 2011 and significant positive correlations in 2009 and 2013 at the regional scale. These significant negative correlations indicate that precipitation may trigger landslides to remobilize, depressing the recovery of vegetation at coseismic landslide sites during the first few years following a major earthquake. The results further show that site‐specific vegetation recovery is determined by topographic parameters at the local scale. In general, vegetation recovery is weaker at low elevations (<1,300 m) and high elevations (>3,300 m), and it is also weaker on gentler slopes (<35°) than on steeper slopes (>35°).
Links between patient safety and fear of childbirth—A meta‐study of qualitative research
Authors: Lyberg Anne , Dahl Bente , Haruna Megumi , Takegata Mizuki , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo conduct a meta‐study of qualitative empirical research to explore the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth in the maternity care context. The review questions were: How are patient safety and fear of childbirth described? and What are the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth in the maternity care context?DesignMeta‐study.Data sourcesThe CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Webb of Science, Proquest and Medline (Ovid) electronic databases were searched for articles published between June 2000‐June 2016.Review methodsA meta‐study of qualitative research with a thematic analysis followed by a synthesis.ResultsFour descriptive themes emerged: “Physical risks associated with giving birth vaginally”; “Control and safety issues”; “Preventing psychological maternal trauma and optimizing foetal well‐being”; and “Fear of the transition to motherhood due to lack of confidence”. The two overarching analytical themes: “Opting for safety” and “An insecure environment breeds fear of childbirth”, represent a deeper understanding and constitute the synthesis of the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth. This meta‐study indicates the need for increased commitment to safe care and professional support to reduce risks and prevent unnecessary harm in maternity care.
Flow cytometry for assessment of the tumor microenvironment in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Henry Meret , Buck Steven , Savaşan Süreyya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe role of flow cytometry in diagnosis and management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains limited. As knowledge emerges of the tumor microenvironment in this disease, various methods are being evaluated in its study. This study examines the microenvironment using flow cytometry to assess differences between subtypes and clinicopathologic correlates.ProcedureA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed analyzing the tumor immunophenotype, by flow cytometry, for 31 children with classical HL. Correlation was made with patient information, including outcome.ResultsThe makeup of the tumor microenvironment varies across subtype of HL, with T cells predominating in nodular sclerosis (NS), and similar proportions of B and T cells in mixed cellularity (MC). CD4 cells predominate in NS, whereas CD8 more so in MC subtype. The rate of continuous complete remission is significantly higher in the MC subgroup. Last, the proportion of HLA‐DR/CD38 copositive lymphocytes was an independent prognostic factor for relapse/refractoriness.ConclusionsThis study indicates that flow cytometry can be used to examine the tumor microenvironment in HL and that percentage of HLA‐DR/CD38 copositive lymphocytes may be a biomarker for relapse and refractoriness in pediatric HL.
Updated classification and therapy of vascular malformations in pediatric patients
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ma Lin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVascular malformations (VMs) comprise a diverse group of diagnoses. They are classified by the type of vessel involved, including capillaries, veins, arteries, lymphatic vessels, or combinations of these. Complex VMs, although benign, can impair vital structures, cause deformations, or even threaten the child's life. Although multimodal treatment of VMs in children with disease include a wide variety of options such as observation, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, and medical therapy, the management of VMs necessitates a multifocal and multidisciplinary method with the patient's quality of life as the priority.
Prenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformations—A long‐term outcome study
Authors: Thompson Andrea J. , Sidebotham Emma L. , Chetcuti Philip A.J. , Crabbe David C.G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo report the natural history of a cohort of children with prenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformations (CLM) which we set out to manage expectantly.MethodsRetrospective review of children born between 1995 and 2013 with a CLM identified on prenatal ultrasound. Prenatal ultrasound data were analyzed along with patient medical records, radiology, and pathology.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐nine newborns with a fetal lung lesion were identified during the study period. All infants were live born. Twenty‐eight (18%) newborns were symptomatic, 17 with transient symptoms, and 11 with persistent symptoms. The latter all underwent lobectomy in the neonatal period with two postoperative deaths. One hundred thirty‐one asymptomatic newborns plus the 17 babies with transient symptoms (148 total) were followed during childhood for a median of 6.0 years (0.1‐19.2 years). Twenty‐one children (13% of the original cohort of 159) became symptomatic at a median age of 2.5 years (9 months‐5 years 8 months) with infection and underwent CLM resection. No child became symptomatic after the age of 5 years 8 months. One hundred twenty‐seven children remained symptom free during follow‐up for a median of 5.75 years (1 month‐19 years). We saw no instance of malignancy in the resected specimens.ConclusionsThis study adds further evidence that most children born with CLM identified prenatally are asymptomatic at birth and the majority will remain asymptomatic during childhood. We recommend follow‐up to the age of 10 years.
Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Contribution of Peptides to Human Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: Wang Xingyun , Xu Siliang , Chen Ling , Shen Dan , Cao Yan , Tang Ranran , Wang Xing , Ji Chenbo , Li Yun , Cui Xianwei , Guo Xirong 
Published: July 2018

PurposePeptide drugs provide promising regimes in anti‐obesity treatment. In order to identify potential bioactive peptides involved in adipogenesis.Experimental designThe intracellular peptides between preadipocytes and adipocytes are compared by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The underlying biological function of the identified peptides are evaluated by gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of their precursors. To find more potential bioactive peptides, 50 peptide sequences are identified located in the functional domains with the use of the SMART and UniProt databases. Finally, the Open Targets Platform database is used to investigate the precursors related to metabolic diseases.ResultsA total of 181 downregulated peptides and 89 upregulated peptides after differentiation (fold change > 1.5 and p‐value < 0.05) are identified. The GO and pathway analysis indicate that these differentially expressed peptides play a role in adipogenesis. A total of 10 putative peptides 6 to 26 amino acids in length are identified that might have bioactive effects in adipogenesis and metabolic diseases.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOn one hand, present preliminary research provides a better understanding of the intracellular peptides during adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, it lays a foundation for discovering new peptide drugs in anti‐obesity treatment.
An Industry-Driven Roadmap for Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Hunsberger Joshua G. , Shupe Thomas , Atala Anthony 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Regenerative medicine is poised to become a significant industry within the medical field. As such, the development of strategies and technologies for standardized and automated regenerative medicine clinical manufacturing has become a priority. An industry-driven roadmap toward industrial scale clinical manufacturing was developed over a 3-year period by a consortium of companies with significant investment in the field of regenerative medicine. Additionally, this same group identified critical roadblocks that stand in the way of advanced, large-scale regenerative medicine clinical manufacturing. This perspective article details efforts to reach a consensus among industry stakeholders on the shortest pathway for providing access to regenerative medicine therapies for those in need, both within the United States and around the world.
Structure‐activity relationship of supported Au catalysts with high catalytic activity by modifying the inactive supports
Authors: Wang Shu , Huo Rufei , Li Changjiang , Zhao Yaling , Zheng Yuchuan 
Published: July 2018

Three supported Au catalysts have been prepared by the deposition‐precipitation method by using the active carbon (AC), SiO2‐AC, and SiO2‐AC‐hollowed. The 3 supports were characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller and scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the supported Au nanoparticles were also characterized in detail by X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H2‐TRP, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their catalytic activity and stability in CO oxidation was evaluated. The results demonstrated that Au supported on SiO2‐AC‐hollowed exhibited much higher catalytic activity with acceptable stability for 72 hours than the other 2. We attributed to finer supported Au nanoparticles with abundant low‐coordinated Au atoms on the surfaces of hollowed supports with large special surface area and abundant pore structure. In summary, we successfully found an efficient and cheap method to prepare catalysts with high catalytic activity and acceptable stability by modifying the inactive supports.
p‐Phenylenediamine Functionalization Induced 3D Microstructure Formation of Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Improved Electrical double Layer Capacitance in Organic Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Junghoon , Shin Jeongyim , Amedzo‐Adore Mawuse , Lau Vincent Wing‐hei , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (RGO) have been regarded as promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, restacking of layers limits its surface area and pore volume which, in turn, suppress the electrochemical performances. Herein, we functionalize RGO with para‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA) to suppress the problem and thus preserve the surface area and pore volume. p‐PDA functionalized RGO (p‐PDA‐RGO) is explored as electrode materials for organic electrolytes based supercapacitors. The structural characteristics are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT‐IR. Electron microscopy demonstrates formation of randomly oriented 3D structure after functionalization. Effect of p‐PDA functionalization toward surface area and pore volume is analyzed by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and Barrett‐Joyner‐Halenda (BJH) analysis. The effect of p‐PDA functionalization toward electrochemical performances is evaluated in symmetrical supercapacitors in organic electrolytes. p‐PDA‐RGO shows an improvement in capacitance over 10,000 cycles while attaining stability with high power capability.
Flexible Graphene‐Wrapped Carbon Nanotube/Graphene@MnO2 3D Multilevel Porous Film for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Sesi , Zhao Yunhao , Liu Zhengwang , Yang Liting , Zhang Jie , Wang Min , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ingenious design of a freestanding flexible electrode brings the possibility for power sources in emerging wearable electronic devices. Here, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wraps carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and rGO tightly surrounded by MnO2 nanosheets, forming a 3D multilevel porous conductive structure via vacuum freeze‐drying. The sandwich‐like architecture possesses multiple functions as a flexible anode for lithium‐ion batteries. Micrometer‐sized pores among the continuously waved rGO layers could extraordinarily improve ion diffusion. Nano‐sized pores among the MnO2 nanosheets and CNT/rGO@MnO2 particles could provide vast accessible active sites and alleviate volume change. The tight connection between MnO2 and carbon skeleton could facilitate electron transportation and enhance structural stability. Due to the special structure, the rGO‐wrapped CNT/rGO@MnO2 porous film as an anode shows a high capacity, excellent rate performance, and superior cycling stability (1344.2 mAh g−1 over 630 cycles at 2 A g−1, 608.5 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at 7.5 A g−1). Furthermore, the evolutions of microstructure and chemical valence occurring inside the electrode after cycling are investigated to illuminate the structural superiority for energy storage. The excellent electrochemical performance of this freestanding flexible electrode makes it an attractive candidate for practical application in flexible energy storage.
Controlling Interactions of Cyclic Oligosaccharides with Hetero‐Oligomeric Nanopores: Kinetics of Binding and Release at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Satheesan Remya , R. Smrithi Krishnan , Mahendran Kozhinjampara R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractControlling the molecular interactions through protein nanopores is crucial for effectively detecting single molecules. Here, the development of a hetero‐oligomeric nanopore derived from Nocardia farcinica porin AB (NfpAB) is discussed for single‐molecule sensing of biopolymers. Using single‐channel recording, the interaction of cyclic oligosaccharides such as cationic cyclodextrins (CDs) of different symmetries and charges with NfpAB is measured. Studies of the transport kinetics of CDs reveal asymmetric geometry and charge distribution of NfpAB. The applied potential promotes the attachment of the cationic CDs to the negatively charged pore surface due to electrostatic interaction. Further, the attached CDs are released from the pore by reversing the applied potential in time‐resolved blockages. Release of CDs from the pore depends on its charge, size, and magnitude of the applied potential. The kinetics of CD attachment and release is controlled by fine‐tuning the applied potential demonstrating the successful molecular transport across these nanopores. It is suggested that such controlled molecular interactions with protein nanopores using organic templates can be useful for several applications in nanopore technology and single‐molecule chemistry.