bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation, comparison of surface topography and frictional resistance of zinc oxide- tin oxide nanocoated ceramic orthodontic brackets by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method: An in vitro study
Authors: Jain Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Arshya A 
Published: November 2024

In recent years, orthodontic research has witnessed significant progress as it ventures into the exploration of nanoparticle coating to augment the surface properties of orthodontic appliances. The present study aimed to evaluate the surface characteristics, surface topography and frictional resistance (FR) of ceramic brackets (CB) nanocoated with zinc oxide- tin oxide (ZnO-SnO) by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method.26 polycrystalline maxillary canine CB, split into two groups, were used in the current in vitro investigation. Group A of the RF magnetron sputter coating method was used to coat ZnO-SnO nanoparticles (Nps) on brackets, while group B of the process used uncoated brackets. Following coating, brackets underwent EDAX and SEM imaging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess the surface topography, and frictional resistance (FR) was also examined. An analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS (Version 23.0). An independent parametric t-test was used to compare the results between the groups.Brackets coated by RF sputter coating method had a porous and aggregated morphology when viewed under SEM. EDAX spectroscopy images showed uncoated brackets presented aluminium, oxygen, silica and calcium signal peaks at 60.83 wt %, 13.43 wt %, 24.57 wt % and 1.17 wt % respectively while the coated brackets showed signal peaks of zinc, oxygen, silica and tin at signal peaks of 20.98 wt %, 54.85 wt %, 10.52 wt % and 13.65 wt %. Groups A and B showed a surface roughness (SR) of 180.62 ± 9.49 nm and 316.77 ± 14.10. A statistically significant difference was observed in the SR between the 2 groups (p=0.00). The mean FR were higher for uncoated brackets (8.18 ± 0.76) p=0.00.Zn-SnO2 Nps were effectively coated onto ceramic brackets through the RF magnetron sputter coating technique. In comparison to uncoated brackets, the coated brackets exhibited a lower FR and SR.
Comparative assessment of enamel surface remineralisation with three different dentifrices: An energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Jain Anchal Anil , Ravindranath VK  , Gheware Anjali , Mhatre Amol , Wadhwani Navin , Chaudhari Rhujuta 
Published: November 2024

Comparative assessment of remineralisation of enamel surface when treated with three different dentifrices. Sixty-six extracted upper right first premolars were demineralized to form artificial white spot lesions. The samples were divided into 3 groups: Group 1-Biomin F, Group 2- Clinpro ToothCreme, Group 3- Amflor. They were treated with three different dentifrices (22/ group) for 14 days in simulated oral conditions. Energy dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy was done pre and post remineralistaion. The primary evaluation parameter for this study was the Ca/P ratio. As per the results, the maximum increase in Ca/P ratio was seen in Group1, followed by Group 3 and 2 respectively. The results were found to be statistically significant. (p=0.045 i.e. p&#60;0.05) The secondary evaluation parameter for this study was the change in Fluoride content. As per the results, the maximum increase in Fluoride content was seen in Group 2 which was followed by Group 3 which is equivalent to Group 1. However, the results were found to be statistically non-significant. (p=0.219 i.e. p&#62;0.05) Biomin F has the highest remineralisation efficiency when compared to the other 2 dentifrices. Biomin F contains an optimum combination of fluoride (600 ppm), phosphate and calcium ions, incorporated within the structure of the glass itself. The glass gradually dissolves over up to 12 hours neutralizing acids in the mouth and deposit fluorapatite. Thus, it can be used in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment to prevent or reduce the formation of white spot lesions.
Accuracy and reliability of webceph on posteroanterior cephalogram- A retrospective study
Authors: Selvarajan Karthikraja , Natrajan Karthick , Geevee Ajith , Elango Elankalai , Sankar Hanumanth , Krishnan Prabhakar 
Published: November 2024

Lateral cephalogram plays a vital role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, from the advent of cephalometric radiography, whereas limited attention was given to posteroanterior cephalogram which evaluates skeletal discrepancies in transverse dimension. Thus, our study focuses on comparing the accuracy and reliability of fully automated AI driven software ‘WebCeph’, a semi-automated software ‘EasyCeph’ and manual tracing on posteroanterior cephalogram.A sample of 30 pretreatment posteroanterior cephalometric radiographic digital images were collected and analyzed using manual tracing, WebCeph and EasyCeph with 20 landmarks (16 linear and 2 angular measurements). For manual tracing, hard copies of digital images were obtained, whereas for EasyCeph and WebCeph, direct digital images used for analysis. ANOVA Test was done to compare the measurements of each parameter among WebCeph, EasyCeph and manual tracing. Bonferroni post hoc test was performed for individual comparison among 3 groups. The intraoperator reliability were evaluated by correlation coefficient test after 1 month by retracing 5 randomly selected cephalograms. On comparing three methods, 6 out of 18 parameters showed statistically significant differences. On individual comparison, EasyCeph shows significant differences with its counterparts, whereas WebCeph and manual tracing values shows no statistically significant difference. The intraclass correlation coefficient shows strong correlation for manual tracing (0.84 to 0.95) and EasyCeph (0.78 to 0.89)The automated cephalometric measurements from WebCeph are reasonably consistent, accurate and reliable when compared with Manual tracing and EasyCeph.
Exploring contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts: Relationship between calligraphy elements and visual communication effects
Authors: Peng Guijun , Zahari Zuriawati Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects and cultural significance in the context of contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts. Thematic analysis was conducted on interview responses to uncover insights into the complex dynamics at play. In-depth interviews with professionals and scholars provided firsthand perspectives on integrating calligraphy elements in visual communication, the effects of visual communication on audience perceptions and the role of cultural heritage in design practice. Comparative analysis with existing literature further enriched the understanding of the variables’ relationships and their implications for theory and practice. The findings reveal intricate relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. Calligraphy elements enhance visual communication by imbuing design materials with cultural depth, authenticity and emotional resonance. Visual communication influences audience perceptions of cultural significance, shaping their attitudes and behaviors towards cultural artifacts and representations. Furthermore, cultural heritage informs design practice by providing a rich source of inspiration and meaning, guiding the creation of culturally resonant and effective communication materials. This research contributes to theoretical advancements in visual communication, cultural studies and design theory by uncovering insights into the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. The practical implications for professionals in design, marketing and cultural heritage preservation include providing practical guidance for creating culturally resonant communication materials and informing policies and initiatives that support the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage.
Evolution of Information Security Awareness towards Maturity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Ridzam , Osman Mohd Hafeez , Abdullah Azizol , Sharif Khaironi Yatim 
Published: November 2024

This systematic review provides an in-depth analysis of existing information security awareness (ISA) maturity models. This review synthesizes findings from 25 scholarly articles, identifying standard dimensions such as risk management, organizational culture, training programs, policy compliance, and technical measures. Despite diverse approaches, significant gaps are evident, particularly the absence of tailored models for specific organizational types like public sector entities. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported data and expert opinions in many models introduces biases, limiting their applicability. The findings underscore the need for organizations to adopt a comprehensive approach to ISA maturity, combining technical controls with behavioral assessments. This holistic view is essential for developing robust ISA maturity frameworks to address evolving cyber threats. Emphasizing compliance with established standards, such as ISO/IEC 27001, is critical to enhancing ISA across industries. Future research should focus on validating and refining ISA maturity models in diverse contexts and industries. This includes testing models in different organizational settings to ensure broader applicability and developing frameworks integrating technical and behavioral dimensions. Addressing sector-specific tailoring, integrating technical and managerial aspects, and providing rigorous empirical validation are critical for developing more effective and adaptable models. Developing ISA maturity models specifically tailored for the public sector is vital due to these organizations' unique challenges and responsibilities. Utilizing updated versions of standards like ISO 27000 series provides a robust framework for maintaining high information security awareness and preparedness standards.
Accounting Analysis of Cost and Benefit of Celebrity Endorsements in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Priyadi Ira Hasti , Halida Uly Mabruroh , Jannah Safiratul , Rohmaniyah Alfiatur 
Published: November 2024

Dalam era digitalisasi, media sosial telah menjadi bagian integral kehidupan manusia, tidak hanya sebagai alat komunikasi tetapi juga sebagai platform branding dan pemasaran. Fenomena ini menciptakan peluang bagi bisnis untuk menggunakan selebgram, individu terkenal di media sosial, sebagai agen promosi produk. Namun, strategi ini tidak terlepas dari biaya yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis biaya-manfaat (Cost-Benefit Analysis/CBA) terhadap promosi produk melalui endorsmen selebgram di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada UMKM di Pamekasan. Metode penelitian campuran (mix methods) digunakan untuk menggabungkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui, wawancara dengan pelaku UMKM dan selebgram, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Data kuantitatif mencakup tarif endorsmen selebgram terkenal, sedangkan data kualitatif melibatkan evaluasi manfaat yang diterima oleh UMKM. Diketahui bahwa selebgram mematok tarif yang bervariasi, dengan beberapa selebgram termahal mencapai Rp50.000.000. Analisis biaya-manfaat dilakukan untuk menilai efisiensi investasi dalam promosi ini. Terlihat bahwa beberapa UMKM mencapai Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) tertinggi, menunjukkan efisiensi tinggi dalam menghasilkan manfaat.
Detection of milk's sheep quality indicators by studying the contamination of milk with some heavy metals in some areas of Hadramout Coast – Yemen
Authors: Ba-abbad Ali Mohammed Abdel-bari , Maknoon Alwi Ahmad Alwi , Bin-Zaidan Yaslam Khaled Yaslam 
Published: November 2024

An experimental study was conducted with the aim of using sheep milk as bioindicators of environmental pollution for cadmium, lead and arsenic in some areas of Hadhramout coast in the period from November 2021 to March 2022, 45 samples of milk were collected from five areas of the Hadhramaut coast (Fowah, Al-Ghaleelah Thelah, Shaheer and Al-Khareebah). Cadmium and lead concentrations were measured by (FAAS), while arsenic concentrations were measured by (AAS- MHS 15). The results of study showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic in milk samples are 0.0087 ppm, 0.055 ppm and 0.105 ppm; respectively. Concentration of cadmium were higher than the permissible limit according to Europe Union and Codex Alimentarius milk 0.01 ppm in urban areas (Fowah, Al- Ghaleelah, and Shaheer). Lead concentration was found higher than the maximum permissible limit for Europe Union and Codex Alimentarius of lead in milk 0.02 ppm in areas (Fowah, Al- Ghaleelah, and Shaheer). Arsenic concentration was found higher than the maximum permissible limit for Europe Union and of arsenic in milk 0.1 ppm in Thelah area, While Al-Khareebah area was in maximum permissible limit Europe Union. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between the average concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic at a significant level (p<0.05) in milk samples in the different study areas. This study confirmed that sheep milk are good bioindicators for detecting environmental pollution with heavy metals. The study concluded that the main reason for the high concentrations of cadmium and lead in urban areas are human industrial activities, all process of combustion and industrial and agricultural wastes. The study recommends periodic monitoring and examination of heavy metals in the environment using bioindicators and identifying the main sources of their spread in the environment.
The impact of teacher empowerment on school effectiveness: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Prasetia Indra , Akrim  
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of empowerment on school effectiveness and examine more broadly the findings of early research. This mixed study used an exploratory sequential design. The initial stage of research uses qualitative methods followed by the quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, research data were collected through in-depth interviews with 19 teachers determined by purposive sampling. The research findings at the qualitative stage were then followed up for wider testing using a larger population and sample. A total of 104 teachers were determined as research samples using proportional random sampling techniques from a population of 712 teachers in 39 high schools in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Qualitative findings provide evidence that psychological and structural empowerment have the same qualities as employment involvement and that empowering working conditions affects the attitude of teachers that their work is important. They can do work and set choices; have an impact on their departments and tend to show autonomy that generates more energy and ability in their work. Quantitative findings explain that structural empowerment influences psychological empowerment at 45.6% and has influence on school effectiveness at 43.9%. Psychological empowerment has influence on school effectiveness at 64.3%. Structural empowerment has influenced school effectiveness through psychological empowerment of 48.2% and a total influence of 92.10%. Qualitative findings suggest that the strength of structural and psychological empowerment determines school effectiveness.
RESOLUCIÓN DE MEMORETOS MEDIANTE UN PROCESO HEURÍSTICO
Authors: Vásquez Bernal Marco Vinicio , Matailo Alvarado María José 
Published: November 2024

Esta investigación se ha desarrollado en la Universidad Nacional de Educación de Ecuador partiendo de un espacio recreativo de un semanario de la provincia del Cañar denominado El Heraldo, donde a partir de marzo del 2014 se han publicado, semana a semana unos desafíos matemáticos que concitan el interés ciudadano y que, a criterio de los autores, tienen gran potencial para apoyar procesos de aprendizaje de matemáticas. Estos desafíos, denominados MemoRetos generan el interés de quien los aborda y desde ese interés posibilita explorar alternativas que con ayuda de conceptos matemáticos mínimos logran superar lo planteado, generando una sensación de éxito que ayuda significativamente para construir el conocimiento. Se ha determinado que la forma más adecuada para resolver los MemoRetos se sujeta a procesos heurísticos donde se privilegia el razonamiento y la selección de alternativas. En este trabajo se presenta ese proceso con ejemplos, aspirando que de esta manera se trasmita esta forma de accionar que permite desarrollar conceptos matemáticas desde la acción.
A Survey on Various Security Protocols of Edge Computing
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Peddi Adithya Vardhan , Ponaganti Srikanth , Veeramalla Sai Teja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Edge computing has emerged as a transformative data processing method by decentralizing computations and bringing them toward the data source, significantly reducing latency and enhancing response times. However, this shift introduces unique security challenges, especially within the detection and prevention of cyberattacks. This paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of the edge security landscape in peripheral computing, with specialized expertise in identifying and mitigating various types of attacks. We explore the challenges associated with detecting and preventing attacks in edge computing environments, acknowledging the limitations of existing approaches. One of the very interesting novelties that we include in this survey article is, that we designed a Web application that runs on an edge network and simulates SQL injection attacks—a common threat in edge computing. Through this simulation, we examined every one of the cleanup strategies used to discover and prevent such attacks using input sanitization techniques, ensuring that the malicious SQL code turned neutralized. Our studies contribute to deeper know-how of the security landscape in edge computing by providing meaningful insights into the effectiveness of multiple prevention strategies.
Novel laser model of optic nerve transection provides valuable insights about the dynamics of optic nerve regeneration
Authors: Moulin Chloe , Dvoriantchikova Galina , Bineshfar Niloufar , Swingle Ben , Martinez Gaby , Groso Daniel , Zhang Michelle , Ivanov Dmitry , Pelaez Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Optic nerve (ON) injury causes blindness in adult mammals as their retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cannot regenerate axons. However, amphibian RGC axons do not experience the same regenerative failure. Studying the regeneration process of the ON in amphibians holds profound implications for regenerative medicine and human health. Using transgenic tadpoles and laser micro-optics, we developed a reproducible ON transection and regeneration model. Through microscopy, functional testing, TUNEL, EdU assays, and RNA-seq, we characterized the ON injury response and recovery. Our model suggests no chemoattractant gradient exists early in regeneration, with defasciculated axons sprouting in random directions from the globe-proximal cut end. Once individual axons reach the appropriate anatomical insertion point in the brain, their tract is reinforced by other regenerating axons, restoring normal ON morphology. Thus, guidance cues or scaffolding from brain-innervating axons likely support later stages of regeneration. After 14 days, the regenerated ON is morphologically indistinguishable from the naïve ON, and visual function is restored. We found no evidence of RGC death or new RGC formation in the model, suggesting that only pre-existing RGCs are involved in ON regeneration.
Preparation of Co3O4 /BiOCl Composite Material for Photocatalytic Degradation of TNT Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Xiyang , Liu Jiayi , Sun Jiaji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to improve the photocatalytic ability of pure BiOCl by a composite approach to solve the problem of degradation of TNT wastewater, which is difficult to degrade. Co3O4/BiOCl composite photocatalysts were successfully and efficiently synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and calcination methods. The Co3O4/BiOCl composites were characterized, tested, and investigated by various complex techniques. Then, the high photocatalytic performance of the material was determined by its efficiency in degrading simulated TNT wastewater under visible light. From the above data, the possible degradation mechanism of the material in the photocatalytic system was deduced. The experimental results showed that the composite of Co3O4 significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl and improved the efficiency of the composites in degrading TNT wastewater under visible light. In particular, the 0.05CoBi composite exhibited optimal degradation performance, reaching a 92% degradation efficiency of the TNT wastewater within 3 h. The composite was also found to be highly efficient in the degradation of TNT wastewater. After three consecutive photocatalytic degradation cycles, the 0.05CoBi composite maintained 80% degradation efficiency. In addition, radical trapping experiments showed that ·O2− plays a major role, followed by h+, in the degradation of TNT wastewater by 0.05CoBi. From our experiments, we propose a photocatalytic mechanism for this material.
Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater: Acid-Digested Carbon from Waste Leather Adsorbents for Pollution Reduction from the Therapeutic Drug Mefenamic Acid
Authors: M Manigandaprasath , S Surya , Heryanto Heryanto , K Veeravelan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The environmental contamination caused by pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) is a global issue. Although the reported quantities of PPCPs are typically modest, several PPCPs with various chemical compositions have been found in soil, water, and aquatic habitats. The majority of these bacteria can survive in the environment for long periods of time, causing risks to human health, biota, and other important environmental factors. PPCP-contaminated sites have been cleaned via a variety of approaches, including bioremediation, ozonation, electrochemical separation, and physicochemical treatments such as coagulation, volatilization, sorption, and sedimentation. An extensive review of PPCP sorptive removal methods and interaction mechanisms is given in this chapter. Acid-digested carbon from waste leather can be used as a low-cost alternative to traditional scientific methods for removing pharmaceutical drug contaminants. The garbage is collected from leather-related businesses and from India's domestic waste leather industry. The adsorbent was then dried, ground into a powder, sieved, and cleaned until the particle size reached 63 µm. The adsorbent was introduced to HCl in a 0.1 M solution for 24 hours. Afterward, the mixture was filtered, cleaned with double distilled water, and dried once more. It is important to consider several factors, such as temperature, concentration, pH, contact time, amount, and size. This method can reduce the cost of treating wastewater as well as the harm it causes to the environment.