bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problem of the Rebellious Religious Women: Pakistan, Gender, and the Islamic Revival
Authors: Zaman Meryem F 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Academic audiences and local commentators alike are perplexed by women’s participation in Islamic movements in urban Pakistan. Why are privileged women joining Islamic movements which call on them to limit their freedom at a time of growing economic and social opportunity? I argue that part of the answer lies in the formulation of Pakistani gender roles, and the ways in which Islamic movements interact with gendered ideas of virtues to offer women new modes of imagining themselves and their role in Pakistani society.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at 18–24 Months, Corrected Gestational Age in a Tertiary Health Centre: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Oommen Samuel P , Santhanam Sridhar , John Hima , Roshan Reeba , Swathi T O , Padankatti Caroline , Grace Hannah , Beulah Rachel , Jana Atanu Kumar , Kumar Manish , Thomas Niranjan , Yadav Bijesh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome in a cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Subjects and methods
Four hundred and twenty-two infants of a total of 643 VLBW survivors from a teaching hospital in South India were followed up to assess their neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results
Among the 422 children who completed the assessment, results of 359 children whose assessments were done between 18 and 24 months were analysed. Thirty-seven children (10.31%) had poor neurodevelopmental outcome, six children [1.67%] had cerebral palsy, one child had visual impairment and another had hearing impairment. Poor post-natal growth was independently associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.045). Neonatal complications were not associated with the developmental outcome.

Conclusion
Despite lower rates of neonatal complications compared with Western cohorts, significant proportion of VLBW infants had poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Poor post-natal growth was an important determinant of the developmental outcome
Efficacy and safety of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: Archer David F. , Goldstein Steven R. , Simon James A. , Waldbaum Arthur S. , Sussman Steven A. , Altomare Corrado , Zhu Julie , Yoshida Yuki , Schaffer Sam , Soulban Graziella 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ospemifene for the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Methods:
This 12-week, multicenter, double-blind phase 3 study randomized postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with VVA and moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom to daily oral ospemifene 60 mg or placebo. Coprimary efficacy endpoints included changes from baseline to week 12 in percentages of vaginal parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH, and vaginal dryness severity with ospemifene versus placebo; other secondary endpoints were evaluated (weeks 4, 8, and 12). Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and endometrial biopsies.

Results:
Women (n = 631; ospemifene [n = 316], placebo [n = 315]) had a mean age of 59.8 years, a mean body mass index of 27.2 kg/m2, and most were white. Ospemifene significantly improved (P < 0.0001) the percentages of parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH, and severity of vaginal dryness severity compared with placebo at week 12; significant between-group differences were noted by week 4. Secondary endpoints of dyspareunia (P < 0.001), maturation value (P < 0.0001), and the Female Sexual Function Index (P < 0.05) also significantly improved with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12. Significantly more women responded (31.5% vs 6.0%; P < 0.0001) or were satisfied (49.2% vs 33.8%; P = 0.0007) with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12. No unexpected TEAEs, treatment-related serious TEAEs, thrombotic events, or endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma were observed.

Conclusions:
Ospemifene was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women with VVA.
Prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma risk in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving entecavir/tenofovir
Authors: Yu Jung Hwan , Suh Young Ju , Jin Young-Joo , Heo Nae-Yun , Jang Ji Woong , You Chan Ran , An Hyun Young , Lee Jin-Woo 
Published: January 2019

Background/aim
Accurate assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving entecavir (ETV)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is likely to play a pivotal role in post-treatment follow-up strategy. We aimed to develop a simple and reliable predictive model for HCC risk in these patients.

Patients and methods
A database of 1242 consecutive treatment-naive CHB patients who initially underwent ETV/TDF between February 2007 and January 2017 at four referral hospitals in South Korea was analyzed. The HCC risk model was constructed on the basis of a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model in the derivation dataset (n=944) and was validated using Harrell’s C-statistic in a validation dataset (n=298).

Results
The 3/5-year cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 3.9/6.5 and 4.2/11.6% in the derivation and the validation dataset, respectively (P=0.08). In the derivation dataset, we identified four factors associated with HCC, namely, age, albumin, sex, and liver cirrhosis. The AASL (age, albumin, sex, liver cirrhosis)-HCC scoring system was developed on the basis of these factors, and simplified to an integer scoring system. AASL-HCC scores were found to have high discriminating performance for the prediction of HCC development at 5 years in the derivation (C-statistics=0.802, 95% confidence interval: 0.716–0.888) and validation dataset (C-statistics=0.805, 95% confidence interval: 0.671–0.939). When AASL-HCC scores were classified as 5 or less, 6–19, and at least 20 (low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively), the 5-year cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 0, 4.2, and 17.6%, respectively, in the derivation dataset.

Conclusions
The AASL-HCC model was simple and reliable for HCC risk prediction in treatment-naive CHB patients receiving ETV/TDF, and is easily applicable in the clinical setting.
Risks and predictive biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patient
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe , Rheims Sylvain , Lhatoo Samden D. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
The current review updates our knowledge regarding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patient (SUDEP) risks, risk factors, and investigations of putative biomarkers based on suspected mechanisms of SUDEP.

Recent findings
The overall incidence of SUDEP in adults with epilepsy is 1.2/1000 patient-years, with surprisingly comparable figures in children in recently published population-based studies. This risk was found to decrease over time in several cohorts at a rate of −7% per year, for unknown reasons. Well established risk factors include frequency of generalized tonic–clonic seizures, while adding antiepileptic treatment, nocturnal supervision and use of nocturnal listening device appear to be protective. In contrast, recent data failed to demonstrate the predictive value of heart rate variability, periictal cardiorespiratory dysfunction, and postictal generalized electroencephalography suppression. Preliminary findings suggest that brainstem and thalamic atrophy may be associated with a higher risk of SUDEP. Novel experimental and human data support the primary role of generalized tonic-clonic seizure-triggered respiratory dysfunction and the likely contribution of altered brainstem serotoninergic neurotransmission, in SUDEP pathophysiology.

Summary
Although significant progress has been made during the past year in the understanding of SUDEP mechanisms and investigation of numerous potential biomarkers, we are still missing reliable predictors of SUDEP beyond the well established clinical risk factors.
Structural basis of glycerophosphodiester recognition by theMycobacterium tuberculosissubstrate-binding protein UgpB
Authors: Fenn Jonathan , Nepravishta Ridvan , Guy Collette S , Harrison James , Angulo Jesus , Cameron Alexander D , Fullam Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) and has evolved an incredible ability to survive latently within the human host for decades. TheMtbpathogen encodes for a low number of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers for the acquisition of carbohydrates that may reflect the nutrient poor environment within the host macrophages.MtbUgpB (Rv2833) is the substrate binding domain of the UgpABCE transporter that recognises glycerophosphocholine (GPC) indicating a potential role in glycerophospholipid recycling. By using a combination of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and X-ray crystallography we report the structural analysis ofMtbUgpB complexed with GPC and have identified thatMtbUgpB is promiscuous for other glycerophosphodiesters. Complementary biochemical analyses and site-directed mutagenesis define the molecular basis and specificity of glycerophosphodiester recognition. Our results provide critical insights into the structural and functional role of theMtbUgpB transporter and reveal that the specificity of this ABC-transporter is not limited to GPC therefore optimising the ability ofMtbto scavenge scarce nutrients and essential glycerophospholipid metabolites during intracellular infection.
Association betweenApoEpolymorphism and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of 59 studies
Authors: Chen Dawei , Shi Jikang , Li Yun , Yang Yu , Yang Hui , Ren Shuping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract(1)AimsDue to the ever increasing incidence of T2DM, it is estimated that only half of the 79 million adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) will have adequate access to insulin by 2030 if the current levels of access is not improved. It is urgent to identify the important risk factors for T2DM and develop effective strategies to address the problem of T2DM. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic polymorphism and type 2 diabetes, and to provide clues for the etiology of T2DM and even molecular marker of targeted therapy for the treatment of T2DM.(2)MethodsCase-control studies of ApoE polymorphism and T2DM, which were included in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI databases, were selected and evaluated according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Eligible data were extracted and pooled, and were analyzed and assessed using R soft-ware (version 3.4.3). Random-effect models were used when heterogeneity existed in between-study, and fixed-effect models were applied otherwise.(3)ResultsA total of 59 studies that consisted of 6,872 cases with T2DM and 8,250 controls were selected. Alleles and genotypes ofApoEbetween cases and controls were compared. ForApoEalleles, we observed the contrast of ε4 versus ε3 allele yielding a pooled OR of 1.18 (95%CI:1.09-1.28;P<0.001). ForApoEgenotypes, compared with ε3/ε3 genotype, ε2/ε2 genotype showed a possible association with T2DM (OR=1.46; 95%CI:1.11-1.93;P=0.007), ε3/ε4 genotype had a 1.11-fold risk of developing T2DM (OR=1.11; 95%CI:1.01-1.22;P=0.039), and ε4/ε4 genotype had a 1.71-fold risk of developing T2DM (OR=1.71; 95%CI:1.33-2.19;P<0.001).(4)ConclusionsThere is an association betweenApoEpolymorphism and T2DM: allele ε4 and genotypes (ε2/ε2, ε3/ε4, and ε4/ε4) are associated with the increased risk for the development of T2DM, and they may be risk factors for T2DM.
Spatio-temporal structure of single neuron subthalamic activity in Tourette Syndrome explored during DBS procedures
Authors: Vissani Matteo , Cordella Roberto , Micera Silvestro , Romito Luigi M. , Mazzoni Alberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBasal ganglia dysfunctions have been suggested to play a causal role in the pathophysiology of most motor and non-motor symptoms of movement disorders as Tourette Syndrome (TS) or Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Intra/post-operative recordings from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) procedures in PD patients have highlighted specific pathological patterns of neural activity. Spatial and temporal patterns of STN neural activity in TS are still unknown due to the lack of direct microrecordings in humans. Here, we describe for the first time specific neural activities of sensorimotor STN in TS patients, as recorded during intraoperative microrecordings. We analyzed 125 single units at 0.5 mm-spaced depths from the STN of anesthetized TS patients and we observed a large fraction of units (39/125, 31.2%) intensely bursting in the delta band (<4 Hz). In anesthetized PD patients we found similar average firing rate and spectral density of STN units, but differently to TS patients, only 4/54 (7.4%) of the units displayed bursting. Remarkably, bursting units in TS STN were not homogeneously distributed over the dorso-ventral trajectory of the recording: the highest density of bursting units was reliably found at the depth for which the clinical effect was maximal. Our results provide an unprecedented characterization of STN functional architecture and single units dynamics in TS patients, paving the way to an understanding of the role of STN subterritories in TS.Key PointsSingle neuron activity in Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) of patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was analyzed for the first time in literature.Firing rate and spectral content of single STN neurons in TS patients were found to be similar to those of anesthetized PD patients, while the analysis of arrhythmic bursting activity revealed that in TS patients the STN is characterized by a larger fraction of bursting neurons and more intense burstsBursting activity in TS was widespread across the whole STN, but with a higher density at the optimal lead location depth for DBS
Accelerating surveillance and research of antimicrobial resistance – an online repository for sharing of antimicrobial susceptibility data associated with whole genome sequences
Authors: Matamoros Sébastien , Hendriksen Rene. S. , Pataki Balint , Pakseresht Nima , Rossello Marc , Silvester Nicole , Amid Clara ,   COMPARE ML- AMR group, Cochrane Guy , Csabai Istvan , Lund Ole , Schultsz Constance 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging threat to modern medicine. Improved diagnostics and surveillance of resistant bacteria require the development of next generation analysis tools and collaboration between international partners. Here, we present the “AMR data hub”, an online infrastructure for storage and sharing of structured phenotypic AMR data linked to bacterial genome sequences.Leveraging infrastructure built by the European COMPARE Consortium and structured around the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), the AMR data hub already provides an extensive data collection for some 500 isolates with linked genome and AMR data. Representing these data in standardized formats, we provide tools for the validation and submission of new data and services supporting search, browse and retrieval.The current collection was created through a collaboration by several partners from the European COMPARE Consortium, demonstrating the capacities and utility of the AMR data hub and its associated tools. We anticipate growth of content and offer the hub as a basis for future research into methods to explore and predict AMR.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals in spent engine oil-polluted soil by Senna alata L.
Authors: Emmanuel C. Ugwu , Alfreda O. Nwadinigwe , Benita C. Agbo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSenna alata L. was used to remediate heavy metals in soil polluted with spent engine oil (SEO). One hundred and twenty polythene bags filled with 20 kg of soil each were separated into parts A and B. Part A contained S. alata seedlings while part B had no plant. They were set up in completely randomized design. To simulate spillage, 0.15% v/w, 0.75% v/w and 3.75% v/w concentrations of SEO were used to pollute soil planted with seeds of S. alata, 57 days after planting. These treatments were repeated in soil without seeds. Control had no pollution. Heavy metal analyses of SEO, vegetated and non-vegetated soil, leaves, stems and roots of S. alata were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, 106 days after pollution. Vegetative and reproductive parameters were also determined. Copper, Lead, Zinc, Iron and Aluminium were detected in SEO. Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetated soils were significantly (P < 0.05) less than those of non-vegetated soils. Cu accumulation in stem was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of leaves and roots. Zn and Al were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in root than those in leaves and stems. Fe and Pb were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in leaves than in stems and roots. Aerial roots were formed by S. alata which increased significantly with increase in concentrations of SEO applied. However, many vegetative parameters such as plant height, number of pinnules, number of roots, leaf area and stem circumference increased significantly (P < 0.05) but some reproductive parameters such as number of inflorescence and dry weight of seeds decreased after pollution. Hence, S. alata is suitable for phytoremediation and in particular, phytoaccumulation of heavy metals in SEO contaminated soil.
Dynamic CRMP2 regulation of CaV2.2 in the prefrontal cortex contributes to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking
Authors: Buchta William C. , Moutal Aubin , Hines Bethany , Garcia-Keller Constanza , Smith Alexander C.W. , Kalivas Peter , Khanna Rajesh , Riegel Arthur C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCocaine addiction is a major health concern with limited effective treatment options. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying relapse may help inform the development of new pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission and contributes to pathological changes during diseases, such as neuropathic pain and substance use disorders. We examined the role of CRMP2 and its interactions with a known binding partner, CaV2.2, in cocaine-seeking behavior. We employed the rodent self-administration model of relapse to drug-seeking and focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for its well-established role in reinstatement behaviors. Our results indicated that repeated cocaine self-administration resulted in a dynamic and persistent alteration in the PFC expression of CRMP2 and its binding partner, the CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channel. Following cocaine self-administration and extinction training, the expression of both CRMP2 and CaV2.2 was reduced relative to Yoked saline controls. By contrast, cued-reinstatement potentiated CRMP2 expression and increased CaV2.2 expression above extinction levels. Lastly, we utilized the recently developed peptide myr-TAT-CBD3 to disrupt the interaction between CRMP2 and CaV2.2 in vivo. We assessed the reinstatement behavior after infusing this peptide directly into the medial PFC and found that it decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Taken together, these data suggest that neuroadaptations in the CRMP2/CaV2.2 signaling cascade in the PFC can facilitate drug seeking behavior. Targeting such interactions has implications for the treatment of cocaine relapse behavior.
Cell type classification and unsupervised morphological phenotype identification from low-res images with deep learning
Authors: Yao Kai , Rochman Nash D. , Sun Sean X. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (ConvNets) have been used for both classification and semantic segmentation of cellular images. Here we establish a method for cell type classification utilizing images taken on a benchtop microscope directly from cell culture flasks eliminating the need for a dedicated imaging platform. Significant flask-to-flask heterogeneity was discovered and overcome to support network generalization to novel data. Cell density was found to be a prominent source of heterogeneity even within the single-cell regime indicating the presence of morphological effects due to diffusion-mediated cell-cell interaction. Expert classification was poor for single-cell images and excellent for multi-cell images suggesting experts rely on the identification of characteristic phenotypes within subsets of each population and not ubiquitous identifiers. Finally we introduce Self-Label Clustering, an unsupervised clustering method relying on ConvNet feature extraction able to identify distinct morphological phenotypes within a cell type, some of which are observed to be cell density dependent.Author summaryK.Y., N.D.R., and S.X.S. designed experiments and computational analysis. K.Y. performed experiments and ConvNets design/training, K.Y., N.D.R and S.X.S wrote the paper.
Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 15-1 and fructooligosaccharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 challenge
Authors: Ding Sujuan , Wang Yongwei , Yan Wenxin , Li Aike , Jiang Hongmei , Fang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments: basal diet challenged by saline (negative control, n-control); basal diet and challenged by E.coil O78 (positive control, p-control); supplementation with L. plantarum 15-1 at 1×108 CFU/kg challenged with E.coil O78 (LP); supplementation with FOS at 5 g/kg challenged with E.coil O78 (FOS); supplementation with L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS challenged with E.coil O78 (LP+FOS). L. plantarum 15-1 or FOS had a lowered effect (P<0.05) on crypt depth on d 14 compared with two controls, and L. plantarum 15-1, FOS and L. plantarum 15-1+FOS also reduced relative to p-control on d 21. L. plantarum 15-1 reduced the level of diamine oxidase (DAO) at d 14 and 21 compared with p-control (P<0.05), the broilers with L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS increased the concentration of IgA and IgG relative to two control, and decreased diamine oxidase (DAO) compared with p-control (P 0.05). L. plantarum 15-1 increased the concentration of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in comparison with p-control at d 14 (P<0.05), FOS improved the level of valeric acid and total SCFA relative to p-control at d 21 (P<0.001), the broilers fed L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS were increased the level of butyric acid at d 14 (P<0.05). FOS enhanced bursal index of broilers at d 21 (P<0.05). L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS did no effect on the growth performance. In conclusion, FOS can promote average daily gain, L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS can improve intestinal morphology, and increase the concentration of SCFA in cecal contents in broilers challenged with E.coil O78. These results suggest that L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS have effective mitigation to E. coil O78 via lowing reducing the intestinal injury and enhancing the immune responses.