bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes inHaemophilus parasuisisolated from pigs in China
Authors: Zhao Yongda , Guo Lili , Li Jie , Huang Xianhui , Fang Binghu 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundHaemophilus parasuisis a common porcine respiratory pathogen that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in farmed swine. We performed a molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes harbored byH. parasuisfrom pig farms in China.MethodsWe screened 143H. parasuisisolates for antimicrobial susceptibility against six fluoroquinolone antibiotics testing by the broth microdilution method, and the presence of 64 antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis. We determined quinolone resistance determining region mutations of DNA gyrase (gyrAandgyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parCandparE). The genetic relatedness among the strains was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.ResultsSusceptibility test showed that all isolates were low resistance to lomefloxacin (28.67%), levofloxacin (20.28%), norfloxacin (22.38%), ciprofloxacin (23.78%), however, high resistance levels were found to nalidixic acid (82.52%) and enrofloxacin (55.94%). In addition, we found 14 antimicrobial resistance genes were present in these isolates, includingblaTEM-1, blaROB-1,ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-llc, sul1, and sul2genes. Interestingly, one isolate carried five antibiotic resistance genes (tetB, tetC, flor, rmtB, sul1). The genestetB,rmtB,andflorwere the most prevalent resistance genes inH. parasuisin China. Alterations in thegyrAgene (S83F/Y, D87Y/N/H/G) were detected in 81% of the strains andparCmutations were often accompanied by agyrAmutation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed 51 unique patterns in the isolates carrying high-level antibiotic resistance genes, indicating considerable genetic diversity and suggesting that the genes were spread horizontally.DiscussionThe current study demonstrated that the high antibiotic resistance ofH. parasuisin piglets is a combination of transferable antibiotic resistance genes and multiple target gene mutations. These data provide novel insights for the better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance inH. parasuis.
SANDRA MUÑOZ: UMA SUJEITA ATRAVESSADA POR DIFERENTES MATRIZES DE OPRESSÃO
Authors: Neves Silva Maria Augusta 
Published: April 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este trabalho pretende tratar de aspectos da vida da feminista Sandra Muñoz a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica ressaltando questões de gênero, raça e relações de poder. Para Silva (2009), a etnografia pode ser vista como o relato de uma experiência conflituosa de quem observa, condição para o entendimento do que foi observado. Nesse sentido, o autor ressalta que a etnografia possui três fases sincrônicas em relação à atividade do etnógrafo: situar-se, observar e descrever, dimensões que devem acontecer numa perspectiva integradora. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
OS GRUPOS RACIAIS NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014: DESAFIO À REPRESENTAÇÃO NA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Monteiro Anne Alencar 
Published: April 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 267"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>O presente artigo visa analisar as manifestações de raça no que se refere à candidatura de negros, brancos, índios e ciganos nas eleições brasileiras ocorridas no ano de 2014. A análise parte do monitoramento da mídia e entrevistas realizadas no período da eleição. Abordaremos a questão da representação a partir da estatística eleitoral dos grupos raciais e também a partir das principais propostas defendidas pelos candidatos em relação às questões raciais. Buscamos com isso compreender o sistema político brasileiro que se mostra desigual e alertar para a criação de mecanismos eleitorais mais igualitários. Esse artigo é fruto de uma parte das pesquisas realizadas para o projeto de extensão “</span><span>Manifestações de Gênero, Raça e Sexualidade nas eleições de 2014</span><span>”, carinhosamente chamado de “</span><span>Observatório Feminista das Eleições</span><span>” que tem como objetivo analisar as manifestações de gênero, raça, sexualidade e religião no processo eleitoral. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
REPRESENTATIVIDADE PARLAMENTAR DAS MULHERES NEGRAS NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014 E OS POSSÍVEIS FATORES INFLUENCIADORES NA NÃO EQUIDADE DA DISPUTA ELEITORAL
Authors: Silva Shirlei Santos de Jesus 
Published: April 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 287"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Historicamente excluídas das esferas de poder e dos pleitos eleitorais, as mulheres ainda apresentam participação muito limitada no ambiente institucional e político do País. Para a mulher negra, sujeita a combinados mecanismos discriminatórios de racismo e sexismo, os obstáculos se mostram mais resistentes, demostrando a hierarquia racial e de gênero em nossas sociedades (CARNEIRO, 2003). A cota eleitoral de gênero que tem por alvo, garantir uma maior participação das mulheres na vida política brasileira, dispõe que cada partido ou coligação preencha o mínimo de 30% (trinta por cento) e o máximo de 70% (setenta por cento) para candidaturas de cada sexo (GROSSI; MIGUEL, 2001). O presente trabalho integrou a ação de extensão intitulada “Manifestações de gênero, raça, sexualidade e religião nas eleições 2014”, com apoio da PROEXT/UFBA. Com finalidade de relacionar dados estatísticos da classificação de cor/raça descritas pelo IBGE, com a representação da mulher negra nas eleições e examinar a cota de gênero nos pleitos, além de pontuar a partir de entrevistas com candidatas negras sobre suas trajetórias políticas e determinadas dificuldades enfrentadas no período eleitoral, este trabalho visa analisar a sub-representatividade parlamentar da mulher negra nas eleições de 2014 e os elementos influenciadores da não equidade na disputa de poder. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Survival Outcomes of an Early Intervention Smoking Cessation Treatment After a Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Cinciripini Paul M. , Kypriotakis George , Blalock Janice A. , Karam-Hage Maher , Beneventi Diane M. , Robinson Jason D. , Minnix Jennifer A. , Warren Graham W. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceSmoking after a cancer diagnosis increases mortality and risk for a second cancer.ObjectiveTo determine the association between time of entry into a smoking cessation intervention following a cancer diagnosis and survival outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing a prospective cohort study design, patients with cancer who smoked and received cessation treatment were assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months following tobacco treatment onset. Survival outcomes of tobacco treatment were measured and compared among patients at the MD Anderson Cancer Center Tobacco Research and Treatment Program. Treatment occurred between January 1, 2006, and March 3, 2022. Patients were excluded if they died before the tobacco treatment ended, received their diagnosis more than 6 months after beginning cessation treatment, or lacked staging information. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.InterventionsCessation treatment consisted of 6 to 8 personalized counseling visits and 10 to 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy. More than 95% of visits were provided via telemedicine.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were survival as recorded in the MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry and 7-day point prevalence abstinence at each follow-up.ResultsThe main analytical sample consisted of 4526 currently smoking patients diagnosed with cancer and receiving cessation treatment (2254 [49.8%] female; median [IQR] age, 55 [47-62] years). Survival over 15 years increased for those quitting smoking at 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67-0.83]), 6 months (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]), and 9 months (aHR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.95]) of follow-up. The optimal survival outcomes were observed for patients who received tobacco treatment within 6 months of a cancer diagnosis. At the 75th percentile, their survival increased from 2.1 years (95% CI, 1.8-2.4 years) among continuing smokers (nonabstainers) vs 3.9 years (95% CI, 3.2-4.6 years) for patients who quit (abstainers). Similar but less pronounced outcomes were noted when tobacco treatment began within 6 months to 5 years following diagnosis, with survival at the 75th percentile of 4.8 years (95% CI, 4.3-5.3 years) for nonabstainers vs 6.0 years (95% CI, 5.1-7.2 years) for abstainers.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this prospective cohort study suggest that evidence-based smoking cessation treatment within 6 months following a cancer diagnosis maximizes survival benefit. This study supports smoking cessation as an important early clinical intervention for patients after being diagnosed with cancer.
Economic Burden of Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US
Authors: Paudel Nabin , Brady Laura , Stratieva Petia , Galvin Orla , Lui Beverly , Van den Brande Iris , Malkowski Jean-Pierre , Rebeira Mayvis , MacAllister Simon , O’Riordan Tara , Daly Avril 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating retinal condition that affects more than 200 million people globally, with the severe late-stage forms—neovascular AMD (nAMD) and geographic atrophy (GA)—affecting more than 11 million people globally. However, much is unknown about the economic burden of the disease.ObjectiveTo estimate the economic burden associated with late-stage AMD in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US at the societal level.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used the prevalence approach cost-of-illness economic modeling to estimate costs attributable to late-stage AMD. Data on health care resource utilization, well-being, and productivity were obtained via primary data collection. Additional data required for the model were sourced from available published literature. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2022, and analyzed from April to July 2022. Participants older than 50 years residing in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US who were diagnosed with late-stage AMD (nAMD or any form of GA) in 1 or both eyes and caregivers who care for people diagnosed with late-stage AMD were recruited through ophthalmological clinics in Bulgaria and Germany and via online newsletters and social media in the US.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were direct medical costs (disease-related health care expenditures), indirect medical costs (care support and assistive technology), well-being cost (loss of well-being), and productivity cost (loss in productivity due to the diseases for both patient and caregivers).ResultsOf the 128 individuals with late-stage AMD in this study, 80 (62%) were female, and 120 (94%) were aged 60 years or older. Of the 61 caregivers, 43 (70%) were female and 55 (91%) were aged 45 years or older. Estimated per-annum total costs attributable to late-stage AMD were €449.5 million ($512.5 million) in Bulgaria, €7.6 billion ($8.6 billion) in Germany, and €43.2 billion ($49.4 billion) in the US. Across all countries, 10% to 13% of the total cost incurred was attributed to direct medical costs. In Germany and Bulgaria, the biggest contributor to the total economic burden was reduced well-being (67% and 76%, respectively), whereas in the US, loss of productivity (42%) was the biggest contributor.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study indicate a substantial burden of late-stage AMD on patients and caregivers in the US, Germany, and Bulgaria. Across the 3 countries, reduced well-being and loss of productivity were relatively large contributors to the total economic burden. Implementing measures to reduce AMD incidence, delay disease progression, and alleviate humanistic burden may help reduce the economic burden of late-stage AMD.
Visualized Detection of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anodes Cycled Under Low Temperature and Fast Charging
Authors: Xu Guojie , Wang Mengshi , Song Youzhi , Wei Yen , Ren Dongsheng , Wang Cheng , Wang Jianlong , He Xiangming , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are currently the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the most used graphite anode faces severe lithium plating issues when charging at low temperatures or high rates, leading to battery's capacity decay and even safety concerns. Therefore, visually and quantitatively detecting lithium plating is extremely important to analyze battery's performances. Here a convenient, rapid‐response, visual, and semi‐quantitative technique, namely fluorescence probe, is put forward to visually and quantitatively detect lithium plating on graphite anodes. A commercially available aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule (4′‐hydroxychalcone) is introduced as a probe. The hydroxyl group of 4′‐hydroxychalcone can rapidly and sensitively react with plated lithium, instantaneously emerging an intensive yellow fluorescence within seconds; while 4′‐hydroxychalcone undergoes fluorescence quenching when directly contacting with graphite. Based on this, not only the uneven distribution of plated lithium on graphite anodes can be simply and clearly visualized and detected after being charged at low temperatures or high rates, but also the semi‐quantitative relationship between fluorescence intensity and the amount of plated lithium can be well established. Therefore, this work puts forward a practical solution for analyzing lithium plating on graphite anodes, offering a practical approach for failure analysis of lithium‐ion batteries used in various scenarios.
Electrochemically‐Switched Microwave Response of MXene in Organic Electrolyte
Authors: Fei Wenkun , Li Jianmin , Ma Linfeng , Zhou Tongqing , Zhu Xianjun , He Xingyu , Liu Shujuan , Bian Jing , Zhao Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) environment necessitates advanced electrically controllable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials that can adapt to varying EM conditions. This study develops a flexible electrochemically tunable EMI shielding device based on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene films, exhibiting reversible shielding effectiveness (SE) modulation from 18.9 to 26.2 dB in X band at 0.1 and −1.5 V. Unlike the previously reported mechanism relying on interlayer spacing adjustments, the work leverages transformations of charging state and surface chemistry for tunability during the electrochemical process. The Ti3C2Tx flake size is also evidenced to play a crucial role, with smaller flakes offering higher absorption modulation despite lower SE modulation, enabling the device with high designability. When integrated with Salisbury screen structure, the device achieves adjustable absorption from 93.560% at 0.1 V to 99.996% at −1 V, showing a tunable reflection suppression ratio up to 32 dB with an effective bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. Additionally, incorporating resonant cavity structure enables absorption‐dominated (over 90%) microwave‐responsive switching at 0.1 and −1.5 V. This work highlights significant potential of adaptive EMI shielding materials for applications in smart electronic protection, EM switch, and radar camouflage.
Intelligent Nanomaterial Image Characterizations – A Comprehensive Review on AI Techniques that Power the Present and Drive the Future of Nanoscience
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Umapathi , Balasubramani Sukanya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is pivotal in advancing science, including nanomaterial studies. This review explores AI‐based image processing in nanoscience, focusing on algorithms to enhance characterization results from instruments like scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy etc. It addresses the significance of AI in nanoscience, challenges in advancing AI‐based image processing for nano material characterization, and AI's role in structural analysis, property prediction, deriving structure‐property relations, dataset augmentation, and improving model robustness. Key AI techniques such as Graph Neural Networks, adversarial training, transfer learning, generative models, attention mechanisms, and federated learning are highlighted for their contributions to nano science studies. The review concludes by outlining persisting challenges and thrust areas for future research, aiming to propel nanoscience with AI. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of AI‐powered image processing in nanomaterial characterization, offering valuable insights for researchers.
Acoustic Waves Coupling with Polydimethylsiloxane in Reconfigurable Acoustofluidic Platform
Authors: Park Jeongeun , Cha Beomseok , Almus Furkan Ginaz , Sahin Mehmet Akif , Kang Hyochan , Kang Yeseul , Destgeer Ghulam , Park Jinsoo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcoustofluidics is a promising technology that leverages acoustic waves for precise manipulation of micro/nano‐scale flows and suspended objects within microchannels. Despite many advantages, the practical applicability of conventional acoustofluidic platforms is limited by irreversible bonding between the piezoelectric actuator and the microfluidic chip. Recently, reconfigurable acoustofluidic platforms are enabled by reversible bonding between the reusable actuator and the replaceable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip by incorporating a PDMS membrane for sealing the microchannel and coupling the acoustic waves with the fluid inside. However, a quantitative guideline for selecting a suitable PDMS membrane for various acoustofluidic applications is still missing. Here, a design rule for reconfigurable acoustofluidic platforms is explored based on a thorough investigation of the PDMS thickness effect on acoustofluidic phenomena: acousto–thermal heating (ATH), acoustic radiation force (ARF), and acoustic streaming flow (ASF). These findings suggest that the relative thickness of the PDMS membrane (t) for acoustic wavelength (λPDMS) determines the wave attenuation in the PDMS and the acoustofluidic phenomena. For t/λPDMS ≈ O(1), the transmission of acoustic waves through the membrane leads to the ARF and ASF phenomena, whereas, for t/λPDMS ≈ O(10), the acoustic waves are entirely absorbed within the membrane, resulting in the ATH phenomenon.
PPM1G Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Cholangiocarcinoma by Catalyzing TET1 Dephosphorylation for Destabilization to Impair Its Targeted Demethylation of the CLDN3 Promoter
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Kuai Yiyang , Wang Da , Chen Junsheng , Xiong Fei , Wu Guanhua , Wang Qi , Huang Wenhua , Qi Yongqiang , Wang Bing , Chen Yongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTen–eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1) functions as an epigenetic regulatory molecule, mediating the majority of DNA demethylation, and plays a role in the development of different types of cancers by regulating the expression of proto‐oncogenes and oncogenes. Here it is found that TET1 is highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and is associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, TET1 promotes claudin‐3 (CLDN3) transcription by targeting the CLDN3 promoter region between −16 and 512 for demethylation. PPM1G functions as a protein dephosphorylase, catalyzing the dephosphorylation of TET1. This results in the destabilization of the TET1 protein, thereby impairing the targeting of the CLDN3 promoter for demethylation. Two phosphatase inhibitors, staurosporine and AZD0156, inhibit epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cholangiocarcinoma cells by suppressing TET1 expression. In conclusion, it is also demonstrated that PPM1G can be employed as a therapeutic target to impede the progression of CCA by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of TET1, which diminishes the capacity of TET1 to target the CLDN3 promoter to activate transcription and inhibit EMT in CCA.
Cryo‐X‐Ray Phase Contrast Imaging Enables Combined 3D Structural Quantification and Nucleic Acid Analysis of Myocardial Biopsies
Authors: Li Kan Yan Chloe , Syrris Petros , Bonnin Anne , Treibel Thomas A , Budhram‐Mahadeo Vishwanie , Dejea Hector , Cook Andrew C 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSnap‐frozen biopsies serve as a valuable clinical resource of archival material for disease research, as they enable a comprehensive array of downstream analyses to be performed, including extraction and sequencing of nucleic acids. Obtaining three‐dimensional (3D) structural information before multi‐omics is more challenging but can potentially allow for better characterization of tissues and targeting of clinically relevant cells. Conventional histological techniques are limited in this regard due to their destructive nature and the reconstruction artifacts produced by sectioning, dehydration, and chemical processing. These limitations are particularly notable in soft tissues such as the heart. In this study, the feasibility of using synchrotron‐based cryo‐X‐ray phase contrast imaging (cryo‐X‐PCI) of snap‐frozen myocardial biopsies is assessed and 3D structure tensor analysis of aggregated myocytes, followed by nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) extraction and analysis. It is shown that optimal sample preparation is the key driver for successful structural and nucleic acid preservation which is unaffected by the process of cryo‐X‐PCI. It is proposed that cryo‐X‐PCI has clinical value for 3D tissue analysis of cardiac and potentially non‐cardiac soft tissue biopsies before nucleic acid investigation.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Meta‐Analysis of High‐Quality Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Alkhiri Ahmed , Alamri Aser F. , Almaghrabi Ahmed A. , Alturki Fahad , Alghamdi Basil A. , Alharbi Abdullah , Salamatullah Hassan K. , Alzawahmah Mohamed , Al‐Otaibi Faisal , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. , Dowlatshahi Dar , Demchuk Andrew M. , Ziai Wendy C. , Kellner Christopher P. , Alhazzani Adel , Al‐Ajlan Fahad S. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses high mortality and morbidity rates with limited evidence‐based therapeutic approaches. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence for the role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the management of ICH.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis followed recommended guidelines and protocols. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to April 12, 2024. The inclusion was restricted to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of high quality, ensuring they were not deemed to have a high risk of bias in any of the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) domains. Primary outcomes were good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 0–3) and mortality beyond 90 days. Secondary outcomes were early mortality within 30 days and rebleeding rates. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random‐effects models.ResultsFourteen high‐quality RCTs were included. There were 3,027 patients with ICH (1,475 randomized to MIS, and 1,452 randomized to medical management or craniotomy). Of included patients, 1,899 (62.7%) were males. MIS resulted in higher odds of achieving long‐term good functional outcome (OR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.25–1.82]), lower odds of long‐term mortality (OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57–0.90]) and lower odds of early mortality (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.95]). Rebleeding rates were similar (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.55–2.19]). The treatment effect of MIS was consistent across multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including individuals with deep ICH.InterpretationThis meta‐analysis provides high‐quality clinical trial evidence supporting the use of MIS as a primary treatment strategy in the management of ICH. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:185–194