bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective block of the hERG potassium channel by the Class Ia antiarrhythmic drug disopyramide
Authors: Zhang Yihong , El Harchi Aziza , James Andrew F. , Oiki Shigetoshi , Dempsey Christopher E. , Hancox Jules C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPotassium channels encoded by human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) are inhibited by diverse cardiac and non-cardiac drugs. Disopyramide is a chiral Class Ia antiarrhythmic that inhibits hERG at clinical concentrations. This study evaluated effects of disopyramide enantiomers on hERG current (IhERG) from hERG expressing HEK 293 cells at 37 °C. S(+) and R(−) disopyramide inhibited wild-type (WT) IhERG with IC50 values of 3.9 µM and 12.9 µM respectively. The attenuated-inactivation mutant N588K had little effect on the action of S(+) disopyramide but the IC50 for the R(−) enantiomer was ~ 15-fold that for S(+) disopyramide. The enhanced inactivation mutant N588E only slightly increased the potency of R(−) disopyramide. S6 mutation Y652A reduced S(+) disopyramide potency more than that of R(−) disopyramide (respective IC50 values ~ 49-fold and 11-fold their WT controls). The F656A mutation also exerted a stronger effect on S(+) than R(−) disopyramide, albeit with less IC50 elevation. A WT-Y652A tandem dimer exhibited a sensitivity to the enantiomers that was intermediate between that of WT and Y652A, suggesting Y652 groups on adjacent subunits contribute to the binding. Moving the Y (normally at site 652) one residue in the N- terminal (up) direction in N588K hERG markedly increased the blocking potency of R(−) disopyramide. Molecular dynamics simulations using a hERG pore model produced different binding modes for S(+) and R(−) disopyramide consistent with the experimental observations. In conclusion, S(+) disopyramide interacts more strongly with S6 aromatic binding residues on hERG than does R(−) disopyramide, whilst optimal binding of the latter is more reliant on intact inactivation.
Selective determination of metal chlorocomplexes in saline waters by magnetic ionic liquid–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Herce-Sesa Belén , López-López José A. , Moreno Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explore a new dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method to selectively separate chemical species of Cd and Zn in saline waters. It is based on the use of the magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) methyltrioctylammonium tetrachloroferrate ([N1,8,8,8
+][FeCl4
−]), which allows an efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of the target species. In addition, the paramagnetic component in the MIL simplifies the separation step required in DLLME, allowing for fast separation and recovery of the extracted species with a magnet, without a centrifugation step. The optimum conditions for the separation by MIL-DLLME were 3.3 mg mL−1 MIL, sample pH = 8, and an extraction time of 30 min. Under these conditions, metal chlorocomplexes (99.7% and 81.0% of total metal concentration for Cd and Zn, respectively) were quantitatively separated, remaining the free cations in the aqueous samples. In a second step, the extracted metal species were back-extracted with 1 mol L−1 HNO3 and a re-extraction time of 15 min. For cadmium, this acidic solution separated the neutral complex CdCl2 (60.5%), while CdCl+ (21.5%) and CdCl3
− (18.1%) remained in the organic phase. For Zn, the anionic complex ZnCl3
− (17.3%) was retained by the organic reagent, while ZnCl2 (45.7%) and ZnCl+ (37.0%) were re-extracted by the nitric acid solution. The separation of the chemical species of metals along the three liquid phases used allowed their quantification in several samples of real seawater and a certified reference material.

Graphical Abstract
The chemical and Sm–Nd isotopic behaviour of accessory minerals in metasediments along the LP-HT Chugach Metamorphic Complex (Alaska)
Authors: Biget Théo , Bruand Emilie , Pereira Inês , Boyet Maud , Gasser Deta , Stüwe Kurt , Langone Antonio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study of accessory phases, including trace element concentrations and radiogenic isotopes, provides powerful information for a better understanding of geological processes such as crustal anatexis. These accessory minerals are the primary carriers of many incompatible elements and Rare Earth Elements (REE) in crustal rocks. In this contribution, we provide a detailed study on the chemical and isotopic (Nd isotopes) behaviour of accessory minerals within the Chugach Metamorphic Complex in Alaska. This Eocene (55− 50 Ma) metamorphic complex developed in a Late Cretaceous to Paleogene accretionary prism consisting of metapelitic and metagreywacke rocks. The complex exposes a systematic N-S metamorphic gradient from greenschist to upper amphibolite facies (500 to ~ 700 °C) with anatexis under water-saturated conditions and minor muscovite breakdown. Trace element concentration data for apatite, monazite and titanite reveal a strong influence of bulk composition (greywacke vs. pelite) on their REE signatures in the migmatitic gneisses. In xenotime-bearing metapelitic samples, we show that monazite and apatite, which crystallised close to peak metamorphism, have their HREE-Y contents increasing with temperature within a narrow range of ~ 150 °C (550 to ~ 700 °C). While the influence of temperature on the Y content of monazite was already demonstrated before, we prove that apatite follow the same chemical behaviour. In these samples, partial melting process can be tracked via Eu/Eu* which decreases systematically from schist to migmatitic gneisses and is interpreted to be related to plagioclase crystallisation. Among all analysed samples (schists and migmatites), we observe no significant differences in εNd between monazite, allanite and whole-rock, regardless of rock type. This suggests (i) a general homogeneity of Nd isotopic composition above 550 °C up to crustal anatexis, and (ii) an isotopic equilibrium between mineral and whole-rock, indicating Nd isotopic disequilibria induced by partial melting are unlikely in this case study.
OtoVision: Bridging machine learning and edge computing for effective and affordable ear disease diagnosis
Authors: Yokananth Rishit , Gosula Varun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The primary aim of this research is to tackle the issue of inaccurate and inconsistent ear disease detection, particularly in remote and under-resourced areas. Traditional diagnostic methods employed by general practitioners and otolaryngologists have shown limitations, underscoring the need for more reliable approaches in these challenging healthcare environments. In response to this issue, a digital otoscope powered by the Rockchip RK3566 processor and enhanced with machine learning capabilities has been developed. This device, using a novel camera system, captures high-resolution images of the patient's ear and applies image classification algorithms to identify and categorize various ear conditions in real time. The design of OtoVision emphasizes ease of use, affordability, and adaptability to different healthcare settings, aiming to make advanced diagnostic tools more accessible to underserved populations. Our testing and analysis reveal that OtoVision significantly enhances the accuracy of ear disease diagnosis. In controlled settings, the device achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 87% when connected to a desktop computer and 82% when operating on a standalone Rockchip single-board computer. These results indicate a substantial improvement over traditional diagnostic methods and demonstrate the potential of integrating machine learning technologies into medical diagnostics. OtoVision represents a step forward in the field of medical diagnostics, particularly for the detection of ear diseases in areas where specialist care is scarce. By leveraging machine learning and digital imaging, OtoVision offers a more accurate, accessible, and cost-effective solution compared to conventional methods. Ongoing development will focus on conducting extensive field testing.
Transtibial pullout repair improved short-term clinical outcomes in patients with oblique medial meniscus posterior root tear comparable to radial root tear
Authors: Higashihara Naohiro , Furumatsu Takayuki , Okazaki Yuki , Yokoyama Yusuke , Tamura Masanori , Kawada Koki , Hasegawa Tsubasa , Kohara Toshiki , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Medial meniscus (MM) posterior root tears (PRT) can lead to excessive knee loading and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes after non-operative treatment or meniscectomy. Although favourable clinical outcomes after MM posterior root (PR) repair have been reported, no study has specifically investigated the outcomes of different types of MMPRT. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with complete radial and oblique MMPRT following MMPR repair.

Methods
Forty patients who had undergone MMPR repair were retrospectively investigated. Patients with type 2 (20 knees) and 4 MMPRT (20 knees) were included in this study. The MMPRT type was classified according to the LaPrade classification. Plain radiographs, magnetic resonance images, arthroscopic findings, and pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated.

Results
At 1 year postoperatively, clinical outcomes notably improved in patients with type 2 and 4 MMPRT. No significant differences were observed in any of the evaluations between these patients, both before and after the surgery.

Conclusion
Patients with type 2 and type 4 MMPRT exhibited significantly improved clinical outcomes. MMPR repair is beneficial in treating type 2 and type 4 MMPRT.

Level of evidence
IV
Evaluation of the true lateral fluoroscopic projection for the relation of the S1 recess/foramen to safe corridors in transiliac-transsacral screw placement in human cadaveric pelves
Authors: Aregger Fabian Cedric , Gewiess Jan , Albers Christoph Emanuel , Deml Moritz Caspar , Schaible Samuel , Hoppe Sven , Tinner Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Percutaneous screw fixation is a widely used treatment for posterior pelvic ring injuries. Transiliac-transsacral screw fixation has demonstrated superior biomechanical properties over bilateral sacroiliac screws, particularly in the minimally displaced bilateral sacral fractures. Screw placement under fluoroscopic control is still common, while CT navigation is gaining popularity. However, the accurate placement of screws within a safe zone is essential to avoid neurovascular complications.

Methods
An anatomical study using human cadaveric pelves was conducted to assess radiological landmarks and determine a safe zone in relation to the S1 recess/foramen for transiliac-transsacral screw placement.

Results
Fourteen pelves were evaluated. Ten pelves were classified as having a satisfactory corridor for screw placement, while four were deemed to have an impossible or high-risk corridor. A safe zone was defined based on the diagonal bisector of the S1 vertebral body, ICD and anterior cortex.

Discussion
The study findings suggest that lateral fluoroscopic projection can determine a safe entry point for screw placement. Understanding the anatomy and landmarks on lateral fluoroscopic images is crucial for successful screw placement and avoiding complications.

Conclusion
The S1 body diagonal is consistently located anterior to the S1 recess in lateral fluoroscopic projections, providing a potential safe corridor for transiliac-transsacral screw placement at the S1 level in nondysmorphic pelves. Further research is needed to confirm these findings with CT imaging and evaluate the technical feasibility of screw placement.
Boreal forest multifunctionality under varying harvesting intensity and forest management priorities
Authors: Hohti Jani , Eyvindson Kyle , Kotiaho Janne S. , Mönkkönen Mikko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Forestry is often directed towards conflicting targets. In Finland, forest policy has aimed to extract as much timber as possible while ensuring continued future harvesting opportunities. Concurrently, there is a social demand for biodiversity and non-timber ecosystem services. To explore the opportunities to combine these interests we simulated forest growth and optimized forestry, for a 100 year period, under two scenarios. The first scenario presents the impact economically oriented forestry (maximizing net present value (NPV)) will have on forest multifunctionality. Whereas the second scenario illustrates forest multifunctionality under environmentally oriented forestry (maximum multifunctionality (MF)). Both scenarios applied three harvest intensities (60%, 80% and 100% of the maximum maintainable yield). To evaluate multifunctionality, we used ecosystem service indicators (bilberry yield and carbon storage) and biodiversity indicators (volume of dead wood and habitat suitability for six vertebrate species). Additionally, we estimated the economic benefit from forestry (NPV). Our results showed enhanced forest multifunctionality due to the use of MF management, which appears to be a cost-efficient tool to promote biodiversity and multifunctionality. This trend could be further enhanced by decreasing harvest intensity. Solutions to this trade-off is very much value based and hence requires identification of priorities and preferences from the society.
Motorpoint Heatmap of the Hamstring Muscles to Facilitate Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Flodin J. , Amiri P. , Juthberg R. , Ackermann P. W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) depends on electrode placement, with placement over the motor points (MPs) being the most effective. This study aimed to determine the MP-distribution and establish a heatmap indicating the probability of finding a MP in different areas of the hamstring (H) muscles. Additionally, inter-individual variations in the number of MPs were investigated. Thirty-one healthy participants (15 females, 16 males), aged 18–65 years, were included. The individual anatomy of the H-muscles, including the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM), was determined using ultrasound. MPs were located using a MP-search pen. The thigh anatomy was divided into 70 3x3cm areas, and the probability of finding a MP in each area was calculated using the Clopper–Pearson test to create a heatmap. Regression analysis was employed to determine if patient characteristics were associated with the number of MPs. The two best areas, found over BF and ST, exhibited a 39% probability of containing a MP and were significantly more likely to contain a MP compared to 85% of the remaining areas (p < 0.05). Two areas over SM had a 29% probability of containing a MP. BF exhibited a significantly higher number of MPs compared to SM and ST (p < 0.001). Male sex and higher physical activity were independent explanatory factors positively correlated with the number of MPs over BF in the multiple linear regression (R
2 = 0.38, p = 0.001). The MP-heatmap of the H-muscles can effectively facilitate NMES application by highlighting areas with a higher probability of finding a MP. Large inter-individual variations in location and number of MPs were demonstrated.
Efficacy of nematophagous fungi (Arthrobotrys dactyloides and A. oligospora) as biocontrol agents against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in sweetpotato
Authors: Groves K. , Li Y. , Peiris P. U. S. , Brown P. H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an obligate plant parasite and is one of the largest threats to the Australian sweetpotato industry, causing crop losses of up to 57% of marketable yield. In this study, two potential fungal biocontrol agents were encapsulated in alginate granules and their nematophagous activity was assessed in a laboratory-based microcosm experiment. Both species of fungi significantly reduced numbers of root-knot nematodes in red ferrosol soil. A greater reduction was observed in untreated field soil prior to introduction of root-knot nematodes and fungal biocontrol agents compared to soil that had been heat-sterilised. In a ten-week glasshouse experiment, no significant difference in the root-knot nematode populations in sweetpotato roots and soil was found between fungal biocontrol agent and control treatments. There was a trend towards an increase in the sweetpotato storage root weight and reduction in storage root damage in fungal biocontrol agent compared to control treatments, and both yield and damage levels were similar to those achieved from the use of chemical nematicide treatments. These results demonstrate the need for greater understanding of the interactions between soil biological populations and introduced nematophagous fungi if effective biocontrol is to be consistently achieved with these bioagents under field conditions.
Work Integration of People with Mental Disorders Through Social Enterprise: A Humanistic-Personalist Framework and Case Study
Authors: Gallo Iñigo , Melé Domènec 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWork Integration Social Enterprises (WISE) are a means of redressing injustices that People With Mental Illness and/or Intellectual Disability (PWMI/ID) face in the labor market. As the field’s understanding of WISE improves, many have argued for the need to study their underlying philosophies and ethical foundations. We present a case study of a WISE for PWMI/ID that responds to a humanistic-personalist framework. This framework is based on the consideration of several features of the person: their wholeness, uniqueness, intrinsic dignity, innate rights, and capacity for permanent development. Under this perspective, human work entails dignity because it is a potential source of meaning and personal growth. The humanistic-personalist framework is more comprehensive than other approaches presented in the literature, based on justice and human rights or care ethics, thereby advancing our knowledge of how WISE may provide economically viable and meaningful work experiences to underserved communities. Drawing from this humanistic-personalist perspective, we provide six criteria that can serve as a normative framework for organizations, particularly WISE for PWMI/ID. The case study focuses on La Fageda, a 40-year-old Spanish WISE that has achieved significant social and economic success. La Fageda is based on a sound understanding of the human person. From its foundations and practices, three pillars are identified: the rehabilitating power of work, the practice of designing individual itineraries, and the pursuit of economic success as a means to social success, which is the project’s mission.
Increasing warm-season evaporation rates across European lakes under climate change
Authors: La Fuente Sofia , Jennings Eleanor , Lenters John D. , Verburg Piet , Kirillin Georgiy , Shatwell Tom , Couture Raoul-Marie , Côté Marianne , Vinnå C. Love Råman , Woolway R. Iestyn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLakes represent a vital source of freshwater, accounting for 87% of the Earth’s accessible surface freshwater resources and providing a range of ecosystem services, including water for human consumption. As climate change continues to unfold, understanding the potential evaporative water losses from lakes becomes crucial for effective water management strategies. Here we investigate the impacts of climate change on the evaporation rates of 23 European lakes and reservoirs of varying size during the warm season (July–September). To assess the evaporation trends, we employ a 12-member ensemble of model projections, utilizing three one-dimensional process-based lake models. These lake models were driven by bias-corrected climate simulations from four General Circulation Models (GCMs), considering both a historical (1970–2005) and future (2006–2099) period. Our findings reveal a consistent projection of increased warm-season evaporation across all lakes this century, though the magnitude varies depending on specific factors. By the end of this century (2070–2099), we estimate a 21%, 30% and 42% average increase in evaporation rates in the studied European lakes under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Moreover, future projections of the relationship between precipitation (P) and evaporation (E) in the studied lakes, suggest that P-E will decrease this century, likely leading to a deficit in the availability of surface water. The projected increases in evaporation rates underscore the significance of adapting strategic management approaches for European lakes to cope with the far-reaching consequences of climate change.
An Integrated Approach to Social and Emotional Teaching (SET): A Qualitative Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Preschool Teachers in the United States
Authors: Chen Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven that social and emotional learning (SEL) is critical for children’s current development and future success, effective teaching can enhance this process. This qualitative study investigated which competencies were prioritized most frequently in social and emotional teaching (SET), why, and how. Data collection included: (1) observations of three preschool teachers’ SET in their interactions with children over six days during typically occurring indoor and outdoor activities at a Reggio-inspired childcare center in the United States; and (2) individual interviews with these teachers. The research team coded 75 critical instances of SET for evidence of CASEL’s five social and emotional competencies (Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills, and Responsible Decision-Making). Additionally, these instances were analyzed according to (Ng and Bull, International Journal of Early Childhood 50:335–352, 2018) four teaching strategies (setting a positive tone, suggestion of solutions, task allocation, and extension). The findings reveal that the teachers: (1) intentionally modeled and taught Relationship Skills most frequently; (2) demonstrated the congruence between beliefs about SEL and practices of SET, especially in relationship skills as promoted in a Reggio-inspired context, and (3) applied an integrated approach to SET by setting a positive tone in all activities, with the most frequent instances occurring during circle time, followed by center/play time, and then mealtime.