bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smallholder farmers agency in the face of palm oil “negative campaign”
Authors: Darmawan Delima Hasri 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is well known that the palm oil industry in Indonesia faces many challenges. Despite having the Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) as the national effort to set standards on operating palm oil industry within the environmental ethics, Indonesia recently face the possibility of having its palm oil exports to the European Union (EU) banned in the following years. This is based on their argument that palm oil in Indonesia has created deforestation of rainforests, which they pledge to prevent based on their Resolution on Palm Oil and Deforestation of Rainforests. As a result, protests from different stakeholders in the sector have been flooding, including from the government, exporters, plantations, as well as smallholder farmers. This paper focuses on the political agency of smallholder farmers in advocating their interest against EU’s plan – which to many has been called as a “negative campaign” against palm oil. We define the term “political agency” as the capacity of smallholder farmers to participate in matters that concerns their well-being and have access to governance and policymaking. A key feature of smallholder’s political agency is their participation in the discussion of policy making through Rural Producers Organizations (RPOs) or farmers associations. We test whether previous claims on the unequal power between smallholders and large corporations hold when it comes to advocating their respective interests. Specific questions that are addressed in this paper are: (1) Do small holders advocate their concerns towards the negative campaign? Or are they “free riding”?; (2) If they independently advocate their interest, how?; (3) Does their advocacy lead to a clear response or solution from the government?; and lastly (4) How does their political agency affect their socio-economic welfare?
Carbon stock change dynamics of oil palm plantation in Sembilang Dangku Landscape, South Sumatra
Authors: Rachdian Azar , Hariyadi  , Setiawan Yudi , Santoso Kresno Dwi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the land cover type in the Sembilang Dangku Landscape is oil palm plantation, which is developed by changing the type of previous land covers. Land cover change causes changes in carbon stock. If the carbon stock increase in an area, it means the area acts as a carbon sinker, whereas if the carbon stock decrease, inconsequently the area is a carbon emitter. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of carbon stock changes in 1997-2007 and 2007-2017. The research was carried out on six private oil palm plantations. Carbon stocks were estimated based on the type of land cover interpreted from Landsat 5 imagery with the unsupervised method by using Las Palmas QGIS 2.18.0 Software. Determination of land cover in 1997 was based on the year when oil palm plantation began. Carbon stock of oil palm plantation was estimated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the equation: Y = 638.13 X - 242.65 (Y = carbon stock, X = NDVI). The value of carbon sequestration or carbon emission were based on carbon stock changes. The types of land cover in 1997 and 2007 were in the form of shrub swamp, oil palm plantation, undisturbed peat swamp forest, disturbed peat swamp forest; while in 2017 land cover was dominated by oil palm plantation. The results showed respectively that carbon stocks in 1997, 2007 and 2017 were 3,333,549.6 tonC, 1,541,825.5 tonC, and 1,626, 951.8 tonC. In 1997-2007, carbon stock encountered a decrease, resulting in carbon emission of 18.68 tonCO2-eq/ha/year. However, in 2007-2017, carbon stock encountered an increase, leading in carbon sequestration of 0.89 tonCO2-eq/ha/year.
How does oil palm plantation impact bird species diversity? a case study from PKWE Estate, West Kalimantan
Authors: Yudea Catharina , Santosa Yanto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The prospect of Indonesian palm oil industry nowadays tends positive and shows an increasing trend. This matter also caused many negative responses to the presence of environmental damage and biodiversity loss, including bird species diversity. Since there are only a few researches related to oil palm plantation impact on bird species diversity, this research is necessary to enrich the data related. Data retrieval was carried out on March 2018, in PKWE Estate, West Kalimantan, using strip transect method in six different types of habitat/land cover. Two types of land cover which are secondary forest and shrubs considered as land cover before the establishment of oil palm plantation (baseline), while the others are habitat types that exist in oil palm plantation. The result shows that both baselines have the highest number of species among all habitat types, with a total of 26 species were found in each baseline. However, as a unity, turn out that the level of bird species diversity in oil palm plantation area is higher than the baseline area, where 33 species of bird were found (Dmg = 6.98). The existence of oil palm plantation also has changed the composition of bird species, the highest similarity index with both baselines is showed by old growth of oil palm. The change of species composition caused ten birds species lost and 17 species were gained on the secondary forest cover, meanwhile, 11 species lost and 18 species were gained in shrubs.
TECHNICAL ERA: An Online Web Application
Authors: Ajay M.D.V , Adithya N , Mary Posonia A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The web has significantly affected all parts of every one of our students. As our students depend increasingly on the web, the constancy of web applications has turned out to be progressively critical. To make these applications more tried and true, we will make a web application with respect to placement training. In general we have Indiabix and placement season are providing a wide range of both technical and aptitude questions in order to prepare a student for the placement. But somehow those questions are repeatedly asked are the standard questions are given. To improve this situation, in this paper, we propose a model of a web application. This structure utilizes the offline application capacity with all the questions are put away in the database and the questions will be refreshed progressively on a period premise with the assistance of the placement coordinator in the college. Every student can sign up and practice all the questions that are provided with respect to the subjects.
Virtual Fitting Space for Dress Trials
Authors: Mohan Prasad K. , Sri Kavya R. , Bhuvaneswari Devi S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
People buy clothes in stores which may take a lot of time for them to try their fitting and in online shopping there is no possibility where people can try-on the clothes which they want to buy. Our intention is that by creating a virtual fitting room environment we can improvise approachability of trying clothes on and need not have to waste time we need to have the correct measurement of the user and the dress model with correct rotation, measurement, location. Even people are interested more in online shopping and do buy a lot of things, but buying clothes online is still considered as ineffective way because people don’t have enough knowledge about dress fittings in online shopping and it is not even possible to try- on the clothes. In order to improvise this drawback we can use the virtual fitting room which would provide the online customers with a wide range of options and a great delight to the vendors online. This concept of e-clothing helps you decide whether the dress fits you or suits you in an easy and efficient manner. Our analysis about customers provides a great fitting of dress to the person as per their requirement. To identify a human we use skeleton detection and to find the outline of human we use human contour detection method. Different positions of human body are detected using Haar cascade classification method and warping process is used to resize the outfit according to the size of the human body.
Laryngeal Tumor Recognition and Classification Using Neural Networks
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Farhath P. , Vineesha M. , Ravi T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the highly challenging fields is Biomedical Image Processing. Image Processing involves many techniques used to detect and classify the tumor more efficiently than doctors. Manual classification is a time consuming and gives inaccurate results compared to automatic classification. Imaging methods like CT (Computer Tomography) scans, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image), X-rays plays a major role in tumor detection and classification. Out of these MRI is widely used because it does not involve any radiation and also identifies even the smallest abnormalities present in throat. The whole process of detecting the laryngeal tumor from these scanned images can be categorised into four steps: Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature Extraction and Classification. In proposed method, classification involves hybrid classifiers to improve accuracy.
Identification of Selective Forwarding Attacks in Remote locator Network utilizing Adaptive Trust Framework
Authors: Baron sam B. , Sandeep T.S. , Sai Sreenath Reddy V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Discovery of SFA in Wireless Sensing Networks utilizing Adaptive and Channel mindful Reputation Systems. Wireless detecting component systems (Wireless sensor networks) use unit defenseless against SFA. It will malignantly drop a subset of forward packets to corrupt system execution and also imperil the information trustworthiness. It represents a decent test to distinguish the malignant drop and conventional bundle misfortune. Amid this paper, we propose a Channel-mindful name System with versatile recognition edge (Adaptive - Channel - mindful notoriety framework) to discover SFA in Wireless sensor networks. The Adaptive - Channel - mindful notoriety framework eval Warning: Demo Version - reports are fragmented! Abnormal state of Plagiarism might be identified! Get your entire report: 1. Most point by point reports. 2. Moment permit initiation. 3. Lifetime bolster. uates the data forward behaviors of sensor hubs, in venture with the deviation of the observed bundle misfortune and furthermore the measurable conventional misfortune. To streamline the exact location of Adaptive - Channel - mindful notoriety framework, we tend to in principle determine the best limit for forward analysis Broad reproduction comes about show That Adaptive - Channel - mindful notoriety framework will precisely discover SFA and decide the bargained detecting component hubs, though the assault tolerant data forward theme will essentially enhance the data conveyance size connection of the system.
Advanced Garbage Collection in Smart Cities Using IoT
Authors: Amarnadha Reddy A. , Gangadhar B. , Muthukumar B , Albert Mayan J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Now-a-days, we see that dustbins that are kept at open areas in the urban regions are flooding as a result of addition of the garbage persistently. It makes unhygienic condition and upsetting smell around the surroundings resulting in spreading some savage ailments and human diseases. To overcome such issues, Advanced Waste Collection is proposed for Smart Cities which depend on Internet of Things (IoT). It will take fewer efforts to clean all the bins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.The proposed work includes a smart dustbin that separates dry and wet waste so that the waste recycling can be done more efficiently.To find the efficient way to find garbage collecting routes, we use shortest path algorithms like Dijkstra’s Algorithm.
Detecting phishing website using Pattern Mining
Authors: Sreelekha B , Harika B , Sujihelen Mrs.L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nowadays users are purchasing products and payments through online. While using these websites they will ask for the information of the users like username and password etc. There are some websites which are used to hack the details of the user. This type of websites is called phishing websites. For detecting these websites, they are proving an effective, intelligent data mining algorithm is used. In this paper, they are surveying the detection of phishing websites by using pattern mining technique.
Design of phase coded spiral resonator based Chipless RFID tag for tracking applications
Authors: Prabavathi P , Subha Rani S , Aiswarya Thangam R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
RFID (Radio identification) is a technology which deals with the wireless identification of people and products. This chipless RFID tag design is on research to replace chipped RFID tags, which employs high cost silicon wafer to store unique identification code. The main challenge in the design of chipless RFID tag is how to encode the data without a chip. This challenge is overcome by the use of electromagnetic properties of the resonators, filters etc to encode the data bits. In this work RFID tag is designed based on multiresonators with each resonator representing a data bit. The proposed tag consists of the multiresonating circuit to store information bits and transmitting and receiving UWB antenna for wireless communication with the RFID reader for identification. The multiresonating circuit designed consists of 4-spiral resonators electromagnetically coupled to the microstip coupled line. Each spiral resonates at unique resonating frequency representing the unique data bit. The data encoding is carried out with the help of phase ripples at the resonating frequency of the spirals. Three variations are observed and corresponding 3-logic states (0, 1, 2) are encoded. The designed tag is simulated in Advanced Design System (ADS) using RO-4003 substrate with the dielectric constant 3.38 and thickness of 20 mil. From the proposed methodology, a total of 34=81 unique tags can be designed that can be employed in cheap item tracking. The Monopole disc antenna is designed which operates for wide band covering all resonating frequency of the spiral resonator.
Eco-durability index of self-compacting concrete incorporating high volume fly ash
Authors: Kristiawan S A , Sangadji S , Sunarmasto  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Designing concrete meeting the principles of sustainability becomes urgent in the construction of buildings and other civil engineering infrastructures. Sustainability of concrete can be assessed by considering its environmental, economic and social impact. Each impact may cover multi-criteria and parameters for the assessment. In this respect, the designers require practical tools so as to select the best alternative concrete mix design fulfilling the multi-criteria. This paper proposed an eco-durability index (EDI) as such tool for assessing the balance performance in term of environmental impacts and durability of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating high volume fly ash. The fly ash content is in the range of 50%-70% of replacement level i.e. a fraction of cement replaced by weight of fly ash. The parameters adopted for assessing the environmental impacts (ecological index) are embodied primary natural resources depletion, embodied energy and embodied CO2; while the time to corrosion initiation period due to chloride ion ingress by diffusion mechanism is taken as durability parameter. The chloride ion diffusions of the concretes under study were determined following ASTM C1556 from the chloride profiles. The chloride profiles were obtained by salt ponding test according to AASHTO T259. The amount of chloride ion with respect to the depth of its penetration was determined by XRF method. Within the scope of this study, it is shown that an increase of fly ash will reduce the environmental impacts of SCC. However, the durability of concrete does not show a similar trend. Therefore, a balance performance considering the environmental impacts and durability is searched for by using the value of EDI. Based on the EDI, it is indicated that SCC with 70% fly ash replacement level gives the best alternative of SCC with respect to balance performance of environmental impacts and durability.
Evaluation on feasibility of fly ash cement mortar as adhesive of post-installed rebar
Authors: Wang C P , Chuang Y C , Lin J X 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of using fly ash cement mortar as the substitute of commercial anchorage adhesives by means of experimental tests. Temperature effect is also investigated. Different amounts of fly ash are added in the cement mortar and the mortars are mixed according to the proportion design methods illustrated in the literature. In addition, silica sand is used instead of river sand in some mortar. By summarizing the results of flow test, compression test, and fire resistance test of the mortar specimens, three better mixture proportions are determined. The pull-out specimens were prepared by implanting #3 (D10) steel bars into concrete cylinders to a depth of 9 cm. The specimens for temperature effect tests are heated and kept in furnace under 400°C or 600°C for 60 minutes and cooled naturally before conducting experimental tests. The feasibility assessment is carried out by comparing the pull-out test results of this study with those of rebars installed with commercial adhesives from earlier study. The results have shown that rebars installed with the proposed cement mortar may achieve acceptable bonding effect, although the bonding strength at room temperature is lower than those of commercial adhesives-installed rebars.
A case study of urban road subsidence induced by the underground connection of the shield tunnelling method
Authors: Chen Y H , Pan H H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case study of the road subsidence hazard that occurred during the construction of a cable tunnel was conducted. The cable tunnel was built 30 m below the ground surface by using the shield tunnelling method, parallel to a sewage pipe with a diameter of 2000 mm. During shield docking, the bolt of the seal plate in the shield segment ruptured. This rupture led to water flooding into tunnel and the settlement of the ground surface. The causes of the subsidence hazard were analysed and discussed. The results of this case study indicate that risk assessment and hazard analysis of shield tunnels should be conducted separately in the planning, design, and construction phases for ensuring disaster mitigation. To avoid the occurrence of a subsidence hazard, sensors should be embedded 30 m below the ground surface and near the shield machine. Using monitoring sensors and increasing the number of observed frequency are effective in enhancing the settlement sensitivity so as to provide early warning information. Ground improvement is suggested even while using the concentric interlace docking method.
Knowledge requirement theoretical framework for construction procurement management
Authors: Shehu A S , Ibrahim Y , Inuwa I I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Procurement management has been a focal point of many studies. This led to several industry stakeholders to produce reports on how best to achieve it. The construction sector comprises of loosely integrated activities and assemblage of various products from other industries. These characteristics make it unique from other industries, and as such, its success is largely dependent on the quantum of knowledge applied in its products design, strategy and implementation. However, clients of the industry and other stakeholders failed to appreciate this salient difference between the construction industry and others, thereby treating the procurement of its product as though is off-the-shelf. This is found in several procurement frameworks reviewed by this study, when the procurement for construction is lumped together with the same consideration as procurement for goods and services. Given the above perspective, this study explores the literature in order to develop a knowledge requirement theoretical framework for construction procurement management. An exploratory design was used as a stand-alone approach through a critical review of the extant literature on construction complexities, general procurement competencies and management. The reviews were applied in the context of systems thinking theory to develop a knowledge requirement theoretical framework for construction procurement management. The framework conceptualized knowledge requirement for construction procurement management as a conglomerate of knowledge (system) that is made up of units of knowledge aligned to accomplish a construction project. Thus, for full attainment of construction procurement management knowledge, a manager needs to possess the various units of knowledge that are appropriate for the execution and coordination of the various activities in construction procurement processes.
Effect of confining pressures on the shear modulus of sand treated with enzymatically induced calcite precipitation
Authors: Simatupang M , Sukri A S , Nasrul  , Sulha  , Putri T S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Enzymatically induced calcite precipitation (EICP) is a new breakthrough for liquefaction prevention. This approach uses urease enzyme directly instead of bacteria to hydrolyze urea that precipitated as calcite crystal by the availability of calcium ion. Cyclic triaxial shear test under undrained condition incorporated with bender element test were conducted conscientiously on the EICP-treated sands. The parameters study reviewed includes: size of the sand particle, confining pressure, calcite contents, and saturation degrees along curing. The effects of those factors on the shear modulus are systematically investigated and compared. It was revealed that the precipitated calcite wraps the sand particles, which supports simultaneously to the mechanical properties’ improvement. The sum of materials needed of urea and CaCl2 to reach a target of maximum shear modulus can be diminished prominently by reducing the saturation degree along curing. It is also revealed that the formation of the precipitated calcite is more significant than its amount on the strength improvement. The maximum shear modulus (Gmax
) of the sands treated with EICP increases with increasing in the calcite content, confining pressure, and decreasing in the saturation degrees during curing but the influence of the sands grain size is insignificant.
Revitalization of hot spring resorts in Japan through PPP-based geothermal power project
Authors: Aono F , Goso T , Kato S , Nishida K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite Japan’s significant geothermal energy potential, its geothermal power development has been stymied for decades due to four major hurdles: (1)high upfront cost and risk of exploratory drilling, (2)long lead time due to surveys and environmental assessments, (3) rigorous regulations on national parks, (4)oppositions from local hot spring resorts. The government has been taking measures to accelerate the development with a constellation of supporting policies. But policies cannot break down the conscious barriers that have taken root in hot spring owners; it is in the hands of developers to make constructive efforts for consensus building. The authors, with the role as construction consultant and geothermal developer, are undertaking a geothermal power development project in Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture. The primary intent is to realize a vision where local people can benefit from their own geothermal resources, and the authors believe that “sharing the same vision which benefits all the interested parties” is the key to work together with the opposing hot spring owners. In the process of building a trust-based relationship with local residents, the priority has been to hear the needs from the local through dialogue and to think from a larger standpoint.