bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal zinc transporter ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jin Haoyi , Liu Peng , Wu Yunhao , Meng Xiangli , Wu Mengwei , Han Jiahong , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: July 2018

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with rapid disease progression. Further elucidation of its underlying molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers for early detection is necessary. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released by multiple cell types acting as message carriers during intercellular communication and are promising biomarker candidates. However, the role of pancreatic cancer cell‐derived exosomes in cancer progression and the application of these vesicles as novel diagnostic biomarkers have not been fully studied. In this study, we found that PC‐1.0 (a highly malignant pancreatic cell line) cell‐derived exosomes could be taken up by and enhance PC‐1 (a moderately malignant pancreatic cell line) cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. We identified ZIP4 as the most upregulated exosomal protein in PC‐1.0 cells from our proteomic analysis. In vitro and in vivo (a subcutaneous BALB/c nude mouse model) studies showed that exosomal ZIP4 can significantly promote pancreatic cancer growth. Using clinical blood samples, we compared the diagnostic values of serum exosomal ZIP4 levels between malignant pancreatic cancer patients (n = 24) and benign pancreatic disease patients (n = 32, AUC = .89), and between biliary disease patients (n = 32, AUC = .8112) and healthy controls (n = 46, AUC = .8931). In conclusion, exosomal ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Proenkephalin for the early detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Breidthardt Tobias , Jaeger Cedric , Christ Andreas , Klima Theresia , Mosimann Tamina , Twerenbold Raphael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Badertscher Patrick , Struck Joachim , Bergmann Andreas , Hartmann Oliver , Kalbermatter Stefan , Marenzi Giancarlo , Mueller Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an unmet clinical need. Proenkephalin (PENK) might improve the early detection of AKI.MethodsOne hundred and eleven hospitalized CKD patients undergoing radiographic contrast procedures were enrolled. PENK was measured in a blinded fashion at baseline (before contrast media administration) and on day 1 (after contrast media administration). The potential of PENK levels to predict contrast‐induced AKI was the primary endpoint.ResultsBaseline creatinine and baseline PENK were similar in AKI and no‐AKI patients. In AKI patients, day 1 PENK (198 pmol/L vs 121 pmol/L, P < 0.01) was significantly higher compared to no‐AKI patients. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of AKI by day 1 PENK was 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70‐0.87, similar to serum creatinine: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.95. Delta PENK was significantly higher in AKI compared to no‐AKI patients (53 pmol/L vs 1 pmol/L, P < 0.01). The AUC for the prediction of AKI by delta PENK was high (0.92, 95%CI 0.82‐1.00) and remained high for creatinine‐blind AKI (0.94, 95% CI: 0.87‐0.97).ConclusionDelta PENK levels improve the early detection of contrast‐induced AKI in CKD patients over serial creatinine sampling. Delta PENK accelerates the detection of creatinine‐blind AKI by 24 hours.
Aspirin in primary prevention for patients with diabetes: Still a matter of debate
Authors: Bonaventura Aldo , Liberale Luca , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes are at high cardiovascular (CV) risk due to an exaggerated platelet activation and aggregation. In the first 2000s low‐dose aspirin was first recommended for primary prevention, but then re‐discussed.MethodsThis short narrative review, based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to February 2018, aims at clarifying this controversial topic.ResultsThe JPAD2 study has been designed to evaluate the occurrence of any CV event in a cohort of patients with diabetes and concluded that low‐dose aspirin did not influence the risk for CV events while increasing the risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Reasons for this result can be found in the role of diabetic platelets, which are known to be hyperreactive, thus producing intensified adhesion, activation, and aggregation. In this setting, other associated metabolic conditions can concur to enhance platelet adhesion and activation. Aspirin resistance has been often considered a guilty actor, although many mechanisms have been mistaken for true aspirin resistance, such as patient poor compliance, inadequate dosing, drug interactions, and high‐platelet turnover. However, the mere presence of diabetes is not likely to give a net benefit for CV protection with respect to GI bleeding.ConclusionIt appears advisable to follow current guidelines addressing first of all classical risk factors and evaluate aspirin therapy in primary prevention only for patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes at increased CV risk and no risk for GI bleeding. Anyway, additional clinical trials are needed to address the current topic.
The effect of immediate controlled forces on periodontal healing of teeth replanted after short dry time in dogs
Authors: de Gregorio Cesar , Cohenca Nestor , Romano Fabio , Pucinelli Carolina M. , Cohenca Nathalie , Romero Martin , Lucisano Marilia P. , Assed Bezerra da Silva Raquel , Assed Bezerra da Silva Lea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/AimThe extra‐alveolar dry period and storage medium in which a tooth is kept prior to replantation remain critical factors affecting the survival and repair potential of the periodontal ligament in avulsed teeth. When replantation is not immediate, replacement root resorption (RRR) is the most common complication. The aim of this histological study was to evaluate the effect of immediate controlled‐orthodontic forces in periodontal healing of replanted teeth in a canine model.Material and MethodsSixty maxillary and mandibular premolar roots were endodontically treated in vivo and subsequently hemisected and extracted. Roots were replanted after an extraoral dry time of 20 minutes and randomly assigned to two experimental groups: Group 1: root was stabilized with a flexible and passive bracket/stainless steel wire splint for 2 weeks; Group 2: root was stabilized with a flexible bracket/NiTi wire splint activated with orthodontic elastics for 2 weeks. After 4 months, the dogs were euthanized, and all specimens were processed for histology and microscopically evaluated.ResultsThe mean percentage of RRR for Group 2 was 3.17 compared with 12.13 in Group 1. Eighty‐three percent of specimens from Group 2 exhibited similar healing to the negative control group, compared to 60.5% of the specimens from Group 1. No statistical difference was found in periodontal healing between experimental groups.ConclusionImmediate application of mild and controlled orthodontic forces was not detrimental to the periodontal healing of teeth replanted after 20 minutes extraoral dry time, although no significant improvement on periodontal healing was observed.
Oral and maxillofacial trauma in motorcyclists in an Iranian subpopulation
Authors: Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Gheisari Rasoul , Erfani Maryam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsRoad traffic accidents are considered a major cause of oral and maxillofacial trauma. Given that many traumatic injuries and deaths involve motorcyclists, the aim of this study was to investigate this vulnerable group in terms of oral and maxillofacial injuries following accidents.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 330 patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries at Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from April to September 2017. A questionnaire with questions regarding age, gender, helmet use, and driver's license was completed for all the patients and their injury type (including dental injuries). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi‐squared test with a significance level of 95%.ResultsOf the 330 patients, 291 (88.2%) were male and 39 (11.8%) were female. There were 283 (85.75%) patients aged 21‐30 years, and their mean age was 27.2 ± 6.5. Most of them (287, 87%) had not been wearing helmets at the time of the accident. Dental injuries were observed in 168 (50.9%) of the patients. Uncomplicated crown fractures were diagnosed in 25.4% of the patients, luxation injuries in 23.2%, and avulsion in 18.9%. Only 19.9% of the patients under the age of 25 had suffered facial injuries.ConclusionMost injuries in motorcycle accidents were dental trauma in men due to not wearing a helmet. Dental injuries had the highest frequency of damage.
Impacts of dietary amino acid composition and microbial presence on preference and performance of immatureLucilia sericata(Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Rhinesmith‐Carranza Jennifer , Liu Wenqi , Tomberlin Jeffery K. , Longnecker Michael , Tarone Aaron M. 
Published: July 2018

1. As primary colonisers of ephemeral resources, the common green bottle fly,Lucilia sericata, must exercise efficient resource exploitation strategies to maximise fitness. Foraging incurs costs, so the efficient evaluation of resources is essential for individuals relying on fragmented patches whose dissimilarity may result in fitness consequences for offspring. Thus, selective pressures between carrion‐using insects and carrion‐associated microbes are expected to occur.2. Microbes play a pivotal role in adult fly assessment of resources via production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) resulting from the breakdown of essential amino acids. If one assumes that chemoreception of these VOCs provides public information regarding the corresponding essential amino acids, the resulting effects on maternal decision‐making could impact larval resource exploitation.3. The essential amino acids phenylalanine, methionine, valine, and tryptophan, the corresponding VOCs of which are known fly attractants, were used to construct imbalanced diets with and without antimicrobial treatment to investigate the impact of suboptimal food sources on larvalL. sericata.4. The results of this study demonstrate that both amino acid composition and microbial presence influence behaviour, with larvae displaying a preference for untreated diets lacking methionine and a complete reversal in preference for antimicrobial‐treated diets. This interaction between diet and antimicrobial treatment indicates that the presence of microbes that produce essential amino acids may impact larval resource utilisation strategies. This investigation into larval performance on diets deficient in amino acids that provide important VOC cues to maternal flies provides a stepping stone for dissecting larval behavioural strategies on ephemeral resources when faced with limited choices.
Erysiphe deutziae causing powdery mildew on Deutzia parviflora var. amurensis in China
Authors: Nguyen Vanninh , Guan Guanxiu , Zhao Fengyun , Tang Shurong , Li Yu , Liu Shuyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeutzia parviflora var. amurensis is a common ornamental shrub in the Hydrangeaceae. In July and September 2017, powdery mildew infections were first noticed on this shrub in Yichun, China. Powdery mildew colonies on leaves and nonlignified stems were conspicuous, especially when the plants were growing in shade. Based on morphological characteristics and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the pathogen was identified as Erysiphe deutziae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. deutziae on Deutzia parviflora var. amurensis in China.
Clinical characteristics and analysis of treatment result in children with Ph‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Poland between 2005 and 2017
Authors: Zawitkowska Joanna , Lejman Monika , Zaucha‐Prażmo Agnieszka , Drabko Katarzyna , Płonowski Marcin , Bulsa Joanna , Romiszewski Michał , Mizia‐Malarz Agnieszka , Kołtan Andrzej , Derwich Katarzyna , Karolczyk Grażyna , Ociepa Tomasz , Ćwiklińska Magdalena , Trelińska Joanna , Owoc‐Lempach Joanna , Niedźwiecki Maciej , Kiermasz Aleksandra , Kowalczyk Jerzy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics and outcome of children diagnosed with Ph+ ALL.Material and MethodsA total of 2591 newly diagnosed ALL children were treated in Poland between the years 2005 and 2017. Of those, 44 were diagnosed with Ph(+) ALL. The patients were treated according to protocols: ALL IC‐BFM 2002 and 2009 (26 patients), EsPhALL (12 patients), initially ALL IC‐BFM and then EsPhALL (6 patients).ResultsThe median of follow‐up in the observed group was 3 years. Overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) of Ph+ ALL group were 0.73 and 0.64. OS and EFS of patients after HSCT were 0.78 and 0.66, while without HSCT were 0.6 and 0.6, P = 0.27 and 0.63. OS was 0.8 for patients treated with chemotherapy plus imatinib and 0.61 for chemotherapy alone, P = 0.22, while EFS was 0.66 (imatinib therapy) and 0. 61 (without imatinib), P = 0.41.ConclusionOur study suggests that adding imatinib to intensive chemotherapy seems to improve outcome. However, this study was limited by a small number of patients and a variety of chemotherapy regimens with or without imatinib.
From microhabitat to ecosystem: identifying the biophysical factors controlling soil CO2 dynamics in a karst shrubland
Authors: Lopez‐Canfin C. , Sánchez‐Cañete E. P. , Serrano‐Ortiz P. , López‐Ballesteros A. , Domingo F. , Kowalski A. S. , Oyonarte C. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe soil CO2 efflux (Fs) remains the least constrained component of the terrestrial carbon cycle; its estimates are still largely uncertain, mainly because of its considerable variation related to the many factors that interact over different temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, our aims were to: (i) identify the biophysical factors that control the soil CO2 molar fraction (χs) and characterize their time‐frequency patterns in a karst shrubland, (ii) explore χs variation with soil cover type (microhabitat) and (iii) estimate Fs at the ecosystem scale. Continuous measurements of aboveground variables, including net CO2 exchanges at the ecosystem level, were compared with pedoclimatic variables collected from four microhabitats (Festuca scariosa (Lag.) Asch. & Graebn., Hormathophylla spinosa (L.) P. Küpfer, Genista pumila (Hervier) Vierh. and bare soil). The microhabitat‐scale controlling factors of χs were identified by a top‐down statistical analysis, and time‐frequency patterns were analysed by wavelet spectral decomposition. Finally, Fs was upscaled from the microhabitat to the ecosystem scale by considering the spatial heterogeneity of ground cover. We determined that in addition to soil water content and temperature, which are traditionally used to predict χs or Fs, the wind (friction velocity) can also have a significant effect. Furthermore, the sensitivity of χs to the main factors identified here varied with microhabitat and season. Over a year, Fs upscaled to the ecosystem level and its uncertainty was 175 ± 13 g C m−2 compared with 155 ± 8 g C m−2 estimated from ecosystem respiration. These results provide new insight into mechanisms of soil CO2 production and transport that question and can improve models traditionally used to quantify ecosystem CO2 emissions.Highlights
Explored the variation of soil CO2 in relation to its biophysical controlling factors.
Used a top‐down statistical analysis and a wavelet time‐frequency decomposition.
Identified controlling factors of soil CO2 dynamics: soil water content, temperature, wind, microhabitat and season.
Provides new insight into soil CO2 production and transport, and improves CO2 emission modelling.
Mathematical modelling of water and solute movement in ridged versus flat planting systems
Authors: Duncan S. J. , Daly K. R. , Sweeney P. , Roose T. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe compared water and solute movement between a ridge and furrow geometry and that of flat soil with a mathematical model. We focused on the effects of two physical processes: root water uptake and pond formation on the soil surface. The mathematical model describes the interaction between solute transport, water movement and surface pond depth. Numerical simulations were used to determine how solutes of varying mobility and rates of degradation penetrated into the two soil geometries over a growing season. Both the ridge and furrow or flat soil geometries could reduce solute leaching, but this depended on several factors. Rain immediately after a solute application was a key factor in determining solute penetration into soil. In cases with delayed rain after a solute application, solutes in ridge and furrow geometries collected adjacent to the root system, resulting in reduced solute penetration compared to the flat soil geometry. In contrast, substantial rain immediately after a solute application resulted in ponding where water infiltration acted as the dominant transport mechanism. This resulted in increased solute penetration in the ridge and furrow geometry compared to the flat soil geometry.HighlightsWe studied solute movement controlled by ponding in ridge and furrow and flat fields.
We found the ridged soil could impede or increase leaching compared to the flat soil.
Solute hot‐spots formed in ridge and furrow soil because of root water uptake.
Time between solute application and rainfall is a key factor for solute penetration.
Tree genotype and seasonal effects on soil properties and biogeochemical functioning in Mediterranean pine forests
Authors: Pérez‐Izquierdo L. , Saint‐André L. , Santenoise P. , Buée M. , Rincón A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn forests, intraspecific genetic variation in trees can affect the entire ecosystem, which in turn depends on the different processes occurring through space and time in soil. We hypothesized that, in addition to the effect of the local site, tree genotype and season would have an effect on the properties and functions of the edaphic environment. We studied soils beneath different genotypes of Pinus pinaster Ait. (Atlantic, Mediterranean and African) in 45‐year‐old common gardens in spring and autumn. The pH, organic matter, nutrients and infrared spectroscopy, together with enzyme activities, were determined and used to evaluate the soil properties and biogeochemical functioning. In addition to strong site effects, tree genotype and seasonal effects were detected on soil properties and functions. Both were major controlling factors of microbially mediated functioning, especially processes related to the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. In general, the soil environment beneath the Atlantic trees was different from that under the Mediterranean and African genotypes, with differences in raw infrared spectra and increased activities of enzymes involved in hemicellulose degradation and N mobilization. Regarding the season, the largest soil humidity (RH), electric conductivity (EC), and N and potassium (K) concentrations, coupled with the smallest phosphorus (P) concentration and C:N ratios, were detected in autumn. Degradation of C peaked in autumn, whereas P and N mobilization usually peaked in spring. Our results showed that, beyond local site effects, there were detectable effects of tree genotype and season in Mediterranean forest soils, which governed microbially mediated processes that might have relevant functional consequences at the ecosystem level.HighlightsTree genotype and season shape the features and functioning of Mediterranean forest soils.
Tree genotype, season and site effects on soil are identified separately under field conditions.
Intraspecific genetic variation of trees defines soil properties and functioning.
Tree genotype and season are key regulators of the edaphic environment in Mediterranean forests.
Professional occupation and the risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Darweesh S. K. L. , Ikram M. K. , Faber M. J. , de Vries N. M. , Haaxma C. A. , Hofman A. , Koudstaal P. J. , Bloem B. R. , Ikram M. A. 
Published: July 2018

Background and purposeCreativity in Parkinson's disease (PD) is strongly related to dopaminergic activity and medication. We hypothesized that patients with PD, including those who are in the pre‐diagnostic phase of PD, are prone to choose highly structured ‘conventional’ professional occupations and avoid highly creative ‘artistic’ occupations.MethodsAt baseline of the population‐based Rotterdam Study, we asked 12 147 individuals aged ≥45 years about their latest occupation and categorized occupations according to the RIASEC model. Participants underwent baseline and follow‐up (median 11 years) examinations for PD. We determined associations of artistic (versus any other occupation) and conventional (versus any other occupation) occupations with PD. Additionally, we pooled our results with a recently published case–control study (Radboud Study).ResultsAt baseline, conventional occupations were common [n = 4356 (36%)], whereas artistic occupations were rare [n = 137 (1%)]. There were 217 patients with PD, including 91 with prevalent PD and 126 with incident PD. The risk of PD varied substantially across occupational categories (chi‐square, 14.61; P = 0.01). The penalized odds ratio (OR) of artistic occupations for PD was 0.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.00–1.31; P = 0.11], whereas the OR of conventional occupations for PD was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.95–1.66; P = 0.10). The direction and magnitude of ORs were similar in cross‐sectional and longitudinal subsamples. Pooled ORs across the Rotterdam and Radboud Studies were 0.20 (95% CI, 0.08–0.52; P < 0.001) for artistic and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.92–1.67; P = 0.08) for conventional occupations.ConclusionsThe risk of PD varies substantially by choice of professional occupation. Our findings suggest that dopaminergic degeneration affects choice of occupation, which may start in the pre‐diagnostic phase of PD.
Altered circadian rhythms and oscillation of clock genes and sirtuin 1 in a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Wallace Eli , Wright Samantha , Schoenike Barry , Roopra Avtar , Rho Jong M. , Maganti Rama K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesCircadian rhythms are affected in many neurological disorders. Although sleep disturbances are known in epilepsy, data on circadian rhythm disturbances in epilepsy are sparse. Here, we examined diurnal and circadian rest‐activity and sleep‐wake patterns in Kcna1‐null mice, which exhibit spontaneous recurrent seizures and are a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether seizures or aberrant oscillation of core clock genes and a regulator, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), is associated with disrupted rhythms.MethodsWe used passive infrared actigraphy to assess rest‐activity patterns, electroencephalography for seizure and sleep analysis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting to evaluate expression of clock genes and Sirt1 in Kcna1‐null and wild‐type mice.ResultsEpileptic Kcna1‐null animals have disrupted diurnal and circadian rest‐activity patterns, tending to exhibit prolonged circadian periods. Electroencephalographic analysis confirmed disturbances in sleep architecture, with more time spent awake and less asleep. Although all epileptic mice manifested disrupted diurnal and circadian rest‐activity patterns, we found no correlation between actual seizure burden and degree of sleep disruption. However, we found attenuated oscillations of several clock genes (ie, Clock, Bmal1, Per1, and Per2) and diurnal Sirt1 mRNA in the anterior hypothalamus.SignificanceAttenuated oscillation of several core clock genes correlates with, and may underlie, aberrant diurnal and circadian rest‐activity and sleep‐wake patterns observed in Kcna1‐null mice. This could contribute to late complications in epilepsy, such as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Sirt1 may represent a useful therapeutic target for rescuing circadian clock gene rhythmicity and sleep patterns in epilepsy.