bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Real‐world’ compensatory behaviour with low nicotine concentration e‐liquid: subjective effects and nicotine, acrolein and formaldehyde exposure
Authors: Dawkins Lynne , Cox Sharon , Goniewicz Maciej , McRobbie Hayden , Kimber Catherine , Doig Mira , Kośmider Leon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of (i) high versus low nicotine concentration e‐liquid, (ii) fixed versus adjustable power and (iii) the interaction between the two on: (a) vaping behaviour, (b) subjective effects, (c) nicotine intake and (d) exposure to acrolein and formaldehyde in e‐cigarette users vaping in their everyday setting.DesignCounterbalanced, repeated measures with four conditions: (i) low nicotine (6 mg/ml)/fixed power; (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power; (iii) high nicotine (18 mg/ml)/fixed power; and (iv) high nicotine/adjustable power.SettingLondon and the South East, England.ParticipantsTwenty experienced e‐cigarette users (recruited between September 2016 and February 2017) vaped ad libitum using an eVic Supreme™ with a ‘Nautilus Aspire’ tank over 4 weeks (1 week per condition).MeasurementsPuffing patterns [daily puff number (PN), puff duration (PD), interpuff interval (IPI)], ml of e‐liquid consumed, changes to power (where permitted) and subjective effects (urge to vape, nicotine withdrawal symptoms) were measured in each condition. Nicotine intake was measured via salivary cotinine. 3‐Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3‐HPMA), a metabolite of the toxicant acrolein, and formate, a metabolite of the carcinogen formaldehyde, were measured in urine.FindingsThere was a significant nicotine concentration × power interaction for PD (P < 0.01). PD was longer with low nicotine/fixed power compared with (i) high nicotine/fixed power (P < 0.001) and (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power (P < 0.01). PN and liquid consumed were higher in the low versus high nicotine condition (main effect of nicotine, P < 0.05). Urge to vape and withdrawal symptoms were lower, and nicotine intake was higher, in the high nicotine condition (main effects of nicotine: P < 0.01). While acrolein levels did not differ, there was a significant nicotine × power interaction for formaldehyde (P < 0.05).ConclusionsUse of a lower nicotine concentration e‐liquid may be associated with compensatory behaviour (e.g. higher number and duration of puffs) and increases in negative affect, urge to vape and formaldehyde exposure.
Editorial: Helicobacter pylori resistance and sequential therapy—authors’ reply
Authors: Gatta L. , Scarpignato C. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Gatta et al and Siddique and Moss papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14597 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14643.
Letter: all or nothing—placebo effects in a non‐drug clinical trial in IBS. Authors’ reply
Authors: Schumann D. , Cramer H. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Schumann et al and Enck papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14400 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14655.
Editorial: an argument for low‐dose thiopurine allopurinol combination use as first‐line therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ansari A. R. , Aziz A. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Friedman et al and Friedman and Sparrow papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14571 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14798.
Editorial: HBsAg serum levels in HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection—is it a matter of genotype? Authors’ reply
Authors: Kuhnhenn L. , Jiang B. , Kubesch A. , Zeuzem S. , Sarrazin C. , Hildt E. , Peiffer K.‐H. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kuhnhenn et al and Alexopoulou and Karayiannis papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14636 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14681.
Editorial: transplantation in the setting of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure—calculating chances. Authors’ reply
Authors: Huebener P. , Sterneck M. , Fuhrmann V. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Huebener et al and Izzy and Watt papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14627 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14679.
Changes in alpine plant communities under climate change: Dynamics of snow‐meadow vegetation in northern Japan over the last 40 years
Authors: Amagai Yukihiro , Kudo Gaku , Sato Ken 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionAlpine plant communities are often distributed as a mosaic reflecting micro‐scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions, indicating the importance of diverse habitats in maintaining species diversity in alpine ecosystems. Because snow‐meadow vegetation is particularly sensitive to climate change, species composition and community structure may have changed over the last few decades in response to global warming. The aim of the present study is to quantify changes in species diversity and snow‐meadow community composition over the last 40 years.LocationTaisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan.MethodsThe presence and ground cover of plant species were surveyed in two snow‐meadow sites in 1971–1972 (44 and 113 plots) and 2012 (85 and 115 plots). In addition, soil moisture and snowmelt time were measured in every plot in 2012. Changes in species richness, functional types and species composition between the survey periods were analysed.ResultsCommunity structure of snow‐meadow vegetation has changed significantly. Although the total number of species at each site was the same between the survey periods, Shannon's diversity index and species richness per plot have increased. Moreover, similarity in species composition among community types has been enhanced, indicating the mosaic structure of alpine vegetation has become obscure. The relative dominance of forbs (particularly tall herbaceous species) decreased, while that of shrubs increased. The distribution of community types reflected the snowmelt and soil moisture conditions.ConclusionsSignificant changes have occurred in vegetation structure in the alpine snow‐meadows, possibly due to accelerated snow melt and drier soil conditions linked to global warming. To predict the dynamics of alpine vegetation, we need to clarify how micro‐scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions is modified by global change.
A rights‐based proposal for managing faith‐based values and expectations of migrants at end‐of‐life illustrated by an empirical study involving South Asians in the UK
Authors: Samanta Jo , Samanta Ash , Madhloom Omar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInternational migration is an important issue for many high‐income countries and is accompanied by opportunities as well as challenges. South Asians are the largest minority ethnic group in the United Kingdom, and this diaspora is reflective of the growing diversity of British society. An empirical study was performed to ascertain the faith‐based values, beliefs, views and attitudes of participants in relation to their perception of issues pertaining to end‐of‐life care. Empirical observations from this study, as well as the extant knowledge‐base from the literature, are used to support and contextualise our reflections against a socio‐legal backdrop. We argue for accommodation of faith‐based values of migrants at end‐of‐life within normative structures of receiving countries. We posit the ethically relevant principles of inclusiveness, integration and embedment, for an innovative bioethical framework as a vehicle for accommodating faith‐based values and needs of migrants at end‐of‐life. These tenets work conjunctively, as well as individually, in respect of individual care, enabling processes and procedures, and ultimately for formulating policy and strategy.
When is coercive methadone therapy justified?
Authors: D'Hotman Daniel , Pugh Jonathan , Douglas Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeroin use poses a significant health and economic burden to society, and individuals with heroin dependence are responsible for a significant amount of crime. Owing to its efficacy and cost‐effectiveness, methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is offered as an optional alternative to imprisonment for drug offenders in several jurisdictions. Some object to such ‘MMT offers’ on the basis that they involve coercion and thus invalidate the offender's consent to MMT. While we find these arguments unpersuasive, we do not attempt to build a case against them here. Instead, we explore whether administration of MMT following acceptance of an MMT offer might be permissible even on the assumption that MMT offers are coercive, and in such a way that the resulting MMT is non‐consensual. We argue that non‐consensual MMT following an MMT offer is typically permissible. We first offer empirical evidence to demonstrate the substantial benefits to the offender and society of implementing non‐consensual MMT in the criminal justice system. We then explore and respond to potential objections to such uses of MMT. These appeal respectively to harm, autonomy, bodily and mental interference, and penal theoretic considerations. Finally, we introduce and dismiss a potential response to our argument that takes a revisionist position, rejecting prevailing incarceration practices.
Should consent be required for organ procurement?
Authors: Zambrano Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMust we obtain a patient's consent before posthumously removing her organs? According to the consent requirement, in order to permissibly remove organs from a deceased person, it is necessary that her prior consent be obtained. If the consent requirement is true, then this seems to rule out policies that do not seek and obtain a patient's prior consent to organ donation, while at the same time vindicating policies that do seek and obtain patient consent. In this paper, however, I argue that once we recognize the difference between consent, on the one hand, and wishing or desiring, on the other, we will see that obtaining consent before organ removal is neither necessary nor sufficient to respect patient autonomy in organ procurement.
An examination of accuracy and bias in perceptions of a partner's motives for health behaviour regulation
Authors: Berzins Tiffany L. , LaBuda Jessica E. , Gere Judith 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThis study assessed accuracy and bias in people's perceptions of their romantic partner's adoption of short‐term (avoid conflict) and long‐term (later health) motives for interpersonally regulating their health behaviours.DesignA cross‐sectional Web‐based survey of 114 cohabiting romantic couples (N = 228 individuals) living in the United States.MethodsRomantic partners separately completed measures of their short‐term and long‐term motives for self‐regulation and partner regulation of health behaviours, as well as their perceptions of partner regulation of their own health behaviours. Dyadic path analyses were conducted using the truth and bias model of judgement.ResultsTargets of interpersonal regulation perceived their romantic partner's short‐term and long‐term motives for influencing their (the target's) health behaviour with significant accuracy. However, targets’ perceptions of their partner's motives simultaneously contained about the same amount of projection of the target's own short‐ and long‐term motives for self‐regulation. There was no similarity between the target's motives for self‐regulation and their partner's motives for interpersonal regulation. Targets also tended to underestimate their partner's long‐term motives for interpersonal regulation.ConclusionsAlthough people are somewhat accurate in their perceptions of their romantic partner's motives for attempting to influence their health behaviours, their perceptions are also contaminated by biases. This suggests that people's judgements about their partner's motives could be substantially improved.
Statement of contribution

What is known about this subject?

Romantic partners use social influence tactics to improve each other's health behaviours.

People who perceive their partner's influence attempts positively often make healthy changes.

Misperceptions of a partner's motives for influence attempts may have health and relationship implications.

What does this study add?

People are aware of whether partner influence attempts are motivated by convenience or concern.

People also project their own motives for self‐regulating health behaviours onto their partner.
Hyrcanian forests—Stable rear‐edge populations harbouring high genetic diversity ofFraxinus excelsior,a common European tree species
Authors: Erichsen Eva Ortvald , Budde Katharina Birgit , Sagheb‐Talebi Khosro , Bagnoli Francesca , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Hansen Ole Kim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe Hyrcanian forests, in a region of lowland and montane temperate pure and mixed broadleaf forests located in Iran, near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, form part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot. In this region, species experienced suitable and stable environmental conditions over historic periods and even some Arcto‐Tertiary relict species could survive. Although the ranges of several European tree species expand to the Hyrcanian forests, its role has mostly been overlooked in phylogeographic studies so far. Here, we used common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to study the genetic diversity, population genetic structure and time of divergence between European and Hyrcanian populations.LocationSix populations from the Hyrcanian forests at the southern shore of the Caspian Sea (Iran) and three selected populations in Europe (Norway, Denmark and Italy).MethodWe amplified four genomic, seven genic and four plastidSSR(simple sequence repeat) markers in 268Fraxinus excelsiorsamples.ResultsIn particular,EST‐SSRs (expressed sequence tag–SSRs), that is genic markers, showed significantly higher genetic diversity in the Hyrcanian forests than in European populations. Population divergence between European and Hyrcanian populations dated back to the end of the middle to upper Pleistocene. A recent reduction in population size was detected in all study populations. Within the Hyrcanian region, a substructure was detected at nuclear and plastidSSRs, with a western to central and a smaller eastern subcluster. Two new plastid haplotypes were described in the easternmost Hyrcanian populations.Main conclusionsOur results confirm that the Hyrcanian forests harbour high genetic diversity that might be of great value for the evolutionary potential ofFraxinus excelsiorcurrently facing global climate change and ash dieback. We argue that the Hyrcanian forests could be an important genetic reservoir also for other European tree species.
Disentangling the correlates of species and site contributions to beta diversity in dung beetle assemblages
Authors: da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina , Heino Jani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to test whether contributions of individual species (SCBD) and contributions of single sites (LCBD) to overall beta diversity can be predicted by species metrics and species characteristics and also by community metrics and ecological variables, respectively.LocationA mainland‐island landscape in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain.MethodsDung beetles were sampled along 100 sampling units within four large forest fragments. We partitioned beta diversity into SCBD and LCBD aiming to explore their relationships to species and site characteristics, respectively. We then used a combination of multivariate methods and beta regression analyses to examine patterns in SCBD and LCBD. The occupancy, total abundance, niche position, niche breadth and biological traits of species were used as predictor variables for SCBD values. Community metrics, environmental and spatial variables, and temporal patterns in the beta diversity components of turnover and nestedness were used as predictor variables for LCDB values.ResultsWe found that SCBD was strongly related to various species characteristics, such as occupancy, abundance and niche position, but was not related to biological traits of species and niche breadth. In particular, occupancy and its quadratic term showed a very strong unimodal relationship with SCBD, suggesting that intermediate species in terms of site occupancy contribute most to beta diversity. LCBD was mostly explained by variation in species richness, with a negative relationship being detected. Litter height and large‐scale spatial variables were also important in explaining variation in LCBD.Main conclusionsSCBD and LCBD were highly predictably related to species occupancy and species richness, respectively. Environmental conditions and large‐scale spatial variables also correlated with LCBD values. Understanding the determinants of SCBD and LCBD may thus hold a key to various general ecological, bioassessment and conservation issues. Protecting sites with high LCBD values may be a suitable approach to practical biodiversity conservation.
Pathophysiology of chronic pain in cerebral palsy: implications for pharmacological treatment and research
Authors: Blackman James A , Svensson Camilla I , Marchand Serge 
Published: June 2018

The high prevalence of chronic pain in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan has been well documented, as has its negative impact on quality of life. However, without an understanding of the underlying (possibly unique) pathophysiology of pain in CP, identification of more effective management options, such as innovative and individualized pharmacological approaches to non‐opioid pain treatment, will be significantly hindered. We review, briefly, what is known about chronic pain in CP and present what we need to know with respect to the neurobiology of pain and new developments in pain treatment research that might be applied to CP.What this paper adds

Pain conditions in cerebral palsy have differing mechanisms and will not respond to the same treatments.

Novel analgesics under development include inhibitors of ion channels, nerve growth factor, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide.
The attitude of healthcare professionals plays an important role in the uptake of diabetes self‐management education: analysis of the Barriers to Uptake of Type 1 Diabetes Education (BUD1E) study survey
Authors: Harris S. M. , Joyce H. , Miller A. , Connor C. , Amiel S. A. , Mulnier H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo explore reasons for the poor uptake of accredited diabetes self‐management education (DSME) in adults with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsThe study was set in an urban population in South London, UK. A cross sectional survey gathered demographic, diabetes service‐use data, psychological scores and reasons for non‐attendance at locally‐available DSME. In addition, 56 healthcare professionals were surveyed.ResultsResponses to surveys were returned by 496 adults with Type 1 diabetes (33% response rate), of whom 263 had attended DSME (53%). Multivariable analysis adjusted for significant variables identified four key variables influencing attendance. Non‐attendance was associated with men (OR 0.55 CI 0.37‐0.84, p = 0.005), lower educational attainment (OR 0.45 CI 0.28‐0.73, p = 0.001), higher glycated haemoglobin (OR 1.74 CI 1.03‐2.94, p = 0.04) and healthcare professional encouragement to attend (OR 1.7 CI 1.28‐2.3, p = 0.001). The most frequently reported barriers to attendance were work (37%) and time (14%) commitments. Only 49% of healthcare professionals (HCPs) correctly identified the most likely barriers. Those HCPs who had observed courses believed more in their efficacy, with higher uptake within their clinic population.ConclusionsSocial determinants of health, particularly educational attainment and gender, increase health inequalities by influencing decisions to attend evidence‐based education courses. Healthcare professional communication is paramount to encourage attendance, and observation of a course may facilitate this.
Survey of the European Psychiatric Association on the European status and perspectives in early detection and intervention in at‐risk mental state and first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Maric Nadja P. , Petrovic Sanja Andric , Raballo Andrea , Rojnic‐Kuzman Martina , Klosterkötter Joachim , Riecher‐Rössler Anita 
Published: June 2018

AimEarly detection/early intervention (ED/EI) programmes have been inconsistently implemented throughout Europe. We evaluated the ED/EI service distribution in European Psychiatric Association (EPA) member countries, considering indicators of socio‐economic development, human and financial resources allocated in mental health (MH) as well as presence of a national branch of the Early Intervention in MH (IEPA). Contextually, we evaluated the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in relation to ED/EI service implementation.MethodsEPA section “Prevention of Mental Disorders” conducted the cross‐sectional survey administering the 16‐item questionnaire to the representatives of its National Psychiatric Associations (NPAs). The survey addressed the Service status and profile, national guidelines, education and policy, DUP and IEPA national branch status. The data were analysed in relation to the indices of economic parameters and MH resources.ResultsNeither the national economic parameters, nor indices of MH financial resources were significantly associated with variables related to ED/EI implementation. However, more MH human resources per country were associated with shorter DUP. In comparison to countries without a national branch of IEPA, all of these with the branch had more MH human resources, ED/EI chapters in the national guidelines and services involving both adolescents and adults.ConclusionsAn unequal development of ED/EI services and related academic activities appears throughout Europe. The current results, besides providing a useful starting point to set the agenda for harmonizing ED/EI services, reveal that their implementation was more likely to be influenced by the IEPA membership status, rather than by country‐specific financial and human resources allocated to MH.
Fidelity scales and performance measures to support implementation and quality assurance for first episode psychosis services
Authors: Addington Donald , Birchwood Maximillian , Jones Peter , Killackey Eoin , McDaid David , Melau Marianne , Mizuno Masafumi , Mueser Kim , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: June 2018

AimThe purpose of this paper is to review fidelity and outcome measures which can be used to support broad implementation of first episode psychosis services and ensure quality of existing services. First episode psychosis services use a combination of evidence‐based practices to improve the outcome of a first episode of psychosis and the early stages of schizophrenia. Now that there is an established international evidence base to show that they are effective, efforts are being made to make such services widely available as a routine part of health care.MethodsWe provide an overview of the literature from the perspective of an expert task force that was commissioned to report to the board of the International Early Psychosis Association IEPA. First, we examined the evidence‐based components that underpin first episode psychosis services and identified common elements. Next, we reviewed the availability of fidelity measures and outcome indicators, finally we reviewed how broadly these services are delivered internationally, and the barriers to ensuring broad access to quality services.ResultsThere is a growing consensus about the elements required to deliver effective services. Fidelity scales and performance measures are available to assess quality, access, and outcome. First episode psychosis services are variably offered in high‐income countries and rarely with attention to access and quality of services. Several strategies to promote implementation are identified.ConclusionsFidelity scales and outcome measure are valuable resources to support widespread implementation and quality assurance for first episode psychosis services.