bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life-history traits of the striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the south Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Kousteni Vasiliki , Anastasopoulou Aikaterini , Mytilineou Chryssi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough the red striped mullet is one of the main target fish of the Hellenic demersal fisheries, information about its biology is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive biology and growth of the species in the south Aegean Sea based on 1032 individuals sampled under the Data Collection Framework Program in 2016. According to the monthly variation of the maturity stages and the gonadosomatic index, spawning activity took place from March to July, although it appeared to occur throughout the year. Length at 50% maturity (L50) was 153.3 and 139.2 mm in females and males, respectively. Individual ages were determined by counting the annuli of otoliths macroscopically. Marginal increment analysis (MIA) combined with complementary information derived from otolith edge analysis, the assessment of the reproductive period and the length–frequency distribution modes of the population showed that annulus formation occurs between February and April. The length–weight relationship revealed a significant sex effect and was described by the parametersα= 0.0155 andb= 2.915 in females, andα= 0.0032 andb= 2.976 in males. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) parameters for sexes combined wereLinf= 346.1 mm,k= 0.299 year−1andt0= −0.984 years. Longevity (tmax) was estimated at 11.75 years. This study provides valuable data for the stock assessment ofM. surmuletusin one of the major Hellenic fishing grounds located in the south Aegean Sea.
Lupeol induces immunity and protective efficacy in a murine model against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Chauhan Kalpana , Kaur Sukhbir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe available chemotherapeutics for the cure of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are linked with many detrimental effects. Moreover, VL is associated with the suppression of protective Th1 immune response of the host and induction of disease exaggerating Th2 immune response. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of therapeutics which can augment the immune status of the host to cure this disease. In the current investigation, the antileishmanial potential of lupeol was monitored in vitro and in vivo in inbred BALB/c mice against Leishmania donovani. Lupeol showed potent antipromastigote activity via arresting parasites at sub G0/G1 phase in vitro. Lupeol significantly decreased the splenic parasite burden by inducing strong delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in contrary to untreated infected animals. The therapeutic efficacy of lupeol was observed to be similar to the reference drug, AmB. Treatment of infected animals with lupeol depicted enhanced levels of T cells and Th1 cytokines in contrast to only infected controls. Further lupeol treatment upregulated the levels of nuclear factor κ B and nitric oxide synthase genes and elevated the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Unlike AmB, lupeol-treated infected animals did not show any toxicity. These findings are promising and indicate that lupeol can serve as a prototype drug for the cure of VL.
SICUREZZA E DIFESA IN ITALIA
Authors: Jean Carlo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneDopo il disastro della seconda guerra mondiale si produsse in Italia un sentimento collettivo di rimozione del problema politico della guerra. Da esso derivò la rinuncia, solennemente sancita nella costituzione postbellica, all'uso della forza, eccetto nel caso dell'autodifesa dello stato e dell'ordine democratico. Tale scelta andava al di là della situazione di fatto contingente, cioè della disfatta e dei limiti imposti dal trattato di pace. Comportava per l'Italia, così come per la Germania e per il Giappone, una radicale ridefinizione dei propri interessi ed aspirazioni nazionali.
BUROCRAZIE PUBBLICHE E CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO: IL CASO ITALIANO
Authors: Guarnieri Carlo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl ruolo svolto dalle burocrazie pubbliche nei processi di consolidamento democratico è stato anche di recente ricordato sottolineando l'importanza di disporre, in questo contesto, di strutture amministrative politicamente leali, cioè ricettive (responsive) nei confronti della nuova leadership democratica, e operativamente efficaci, in grado quindi di raggiungere gli obiettivi da questa stessa leadership posti. Infatti, si può ritenere che strutture amministrative «serventi», migliorando il rendimento complessivo del regime, ne facilitino così la legittimazione e, in ultima analisi, il consolidamento. Prendendo in esame il caso di un consolidamento democratico relativamente riuscito, approfondiremo questa ipotesi cercando di valutare il grado di lealtà democratica ed efficacia operativa mostrato dalle strutture amministrative italiane nel corso della transizione dal regime autoritario fascista a quello democratico repubblicano. In realtà, l'ambito temporale dell'analisi sarà necessariamente piò ampio: come vedremo, per mettere a fuoco il funzionamento di certi meccanismi organizzativi sarà necessario, per un verso, risalire fino all'instaurazione del regime fascista e, per un altro, spingerci a considerare almeno i primi dieci anni di vita del nuovo regime democratico.
VOTO DI PREFERENZA E COMPETIZIONE INTRA-PARTITICA NELLE ELEZIONI EUROPEE. PROSPETTIVE PER UNA ARMONIZZAZIONE DELLA LEGGE ELETTORALE
Authors: Bardi Luciano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzionePer la prima volta nel 1989 le elezioni europee potrebbero essere regolate da un'unica legge elettorale, valida per tutti gli stati membri∗. In precedenza, nel 1979 e nel 1984, le elezioni si svolsero in base a norme elettorali nazionali, in genere molto simili a quelle utilizzate in ciascun paese per le elezioni parlamentari nazionali, anche se dei tentativi di uniformare le procedure furono compiuti anche nel corso della prima legislatura.
AMMINISTRAZIONE E POLITICA IN URSS NELLE ANALISI COMPARATE DELLA SCIENZA POLITICA OCCIDENTALE
Authors: Cappelli Ottorino 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneAlla fine degli anni Sessanta la sovietologia era ancora un'«ibrida arte» orientata in senso interdisciplinare, priva di metodologie analitiche rigorosamente definite e in gran parte rinchiusa nei confini degli studi di area. Nei due decenni successivi alla seconda guerra mondiale era stato soprattutto il dialogo con la scienza politica in generale e con la politica comparata a rimanere penalizzato. Diversi erano gli approcci, le categorie, gli strumenti metodologici adoperati per analizzare i sistemi politici dell'est e dell'ovest. Tra le ricerche sull'URSS e gli studi politologici sull'occidente mancava un linguaggio disciplinare comune, non v'era simbiosi concettuale. Contribuivano a questa separatezza disciplinare sia la percezione di una assoluta estranietà tra «mondo socialista» e democrazie costituzionali, legata al contesto politico della guerra fredda, sia l'egemonia culturale del modello totalitario, fondato sul presupposto dell'unicità del sistema politico sovietico.
Independence of Chromospheric Activity and Soft X-Ray Flaring on the Flare Star EV Lacertae
Authors: Ambruster C.W. , Pettersen B.R. , Hawley S.L. , Coleman L.A. , Sciortino S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEXOSAT observed the flare star EV Lacertae for 17 hr over 2 days in October 1985. Two flaring episodes were recorded. During a significant fraction of these observations, IUE, photometric and spectroscopic coverage was available. A 2-hour long period of X-ray flaring was observed during which there was no U-band activity and almost no chromospheric activity. On the other hand, two ΔU ~ 1° m° 5 optical flares produced normal chromospheric enhancements, but only a weak X-ray response. We suggest that these and a few other observations of stellar flares may imply the occasional existence of magnetically isolated regions in M-dwarf atmospheres.
Non-thermal electrons and stellar radio emission
Authors: White S. M. , Kundu M. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRadio emission from dMe flare stars has both a flaring and a quiescent component. When we compare stellar radio emission with the Sun, however, we find that the apparent brightness temperature of the quiescent component often exceeds the temperature of non-thermal solar radio flares, and so it is likely that stellar quiescent emission also comes from non-thermal electrons. The duration of stellar quiescent emission is much longer than solar non-thermal emission. Obvious questions to ask are, what is the source of the non-thermal electrons, where do they reside, and how can non-thermal emission last so long? Here we briefly review the observations of quiescent emission, argue that the emitting regions are small, show that such small regions can still account for the observed fluxes, and discuss the source of electrons.
The Fine Temporal Structure of the EV Lacertae Flare on February 6, 1986 at the C IV (λ1550 Å) Resonance Line I. Observations
Authors: Burnasheva B.A. , Gershberg R.E. , Zvereva A.M. , Ilyin I.V. , Shakhovskaya N.I. , Sheikhet A.I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile monitoring the flare star EV Lac with high time resolution using the Space Astrophysical Station ASTRON, a rather strong flare was recorded. During this event, flare emissions were detected in the C IV (λ1550 Å) UV line, in the narrow band continuum at λ2434 Å (28 Å bandwidth) and in the wide wavelength range from 1700 Å to 6500 Å, all emission enhancements taking place within 10 s. About 50 s after the flare start, a fast and very powerful burst of the C IV line took place.
The Fine Temporal Structure of The EV Lacertae Flare on February 6, 1986 at the C IV (λl550 Å) Resonance Line II. Interpretation
Authors: Katsova M.M. , Livshits M.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlare optical continuum with duration above one minute is emitted by a gas condensation with T ≈ 104 K, which may form in a gas-dynamic process. The light carve slope implies that this flare consists of several elementary events. The features of the initial C IV line burst during one elementary event are determined by numerical simulation. The comparison of theoretical intensity and duration of the C IV burst with the observations of the EV Lac flare on February 6, 1986 shows that the observed elementary event in the C IV line is consistent with the formation of a radiative shock wave with an explosive evaporation of the chromosphere. The possibility of the appearance of C IV doublet emission, accompanying the entire process, is also discussed.
High Time Resolution Photometry of Red Dwarf Flare Stars III. The Most Rapid and Faintest Observed Stellar Flares; their Physics and Statistics
Authors: Beskin G.M. , Neizvestnyj S.I. , Plakhotnichenko V.L. , Pustil'nik L.A. , Shvartsman V.F. , Gershberg R.E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh time resolution monitoring of the UV Cet type flare stars has enabled as to detect flares with total duration of a few seconds and with energy output comparable to solar subflares. We find that the time scales of decay for such flares correspond to recombination times of optically thin gas or to cooling times of optically thick gas heated in flares. Therefore, faster flares cannot be detected individually but their accumulated effect may be one source of brightness fluctuations of the “quiet” star. The upper limit for the total power of such microflares does not exceed the time-averaged power of individually detected flares.
Energetic flares on RS CVn stars
Authors: Doyle J.G. , Byrne P.B. , van den Oord G.H.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltraviolet spectroscopic observations of the RS CVn star II Peg in February 1983 show evidence for flare activity in greatly enhanced chromospheric and transition region emission lines. The total radiative losses from the chromosphere and transition region (i.e. the temperature interval 4.0 ≤ log Te ≤ 5.4) during the flare is 3.1 1035 erg. Over the whole atmosphere (i.e. the temperature interval 4.0 ≤ log Te ≤ 8.0), we estimate total radiative losses of 2.4 1036 erg, (excluding hydrogen line radiation). At flare peak, the flare radiated 1.5 1032 erg s–1. Adopting a two-ribbon flare model, where the filament is located between the two stars of the system, we can have 2039(l/R⊙) erg of magnetic energy available, where l is the filament length and we have taken a magnetic field strength of 1000G. Therefore, only a small fraction of this magnetic energy need be converted into heating of the flare plasma.
The X-Ray Flare of π UMA : Temperature and Emission Measure
Authors: Landini M. , Monsignori Fossi B.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn X-ray flare from the star π UMA has been observed by EXOSAT on January 31, 1984. The data were collected using the-Low Energy Experiment and the Medium Energy Experiment, sensitive to the spectral bands 0.04 - 2 Kev and 1-20 Kev (Landini et al. 1986).The temperature and emission measure variations during the flare are deduced under the isothermal assumption. Using a parametrized profile of the differential emission measure, wich is controlled by the conductive flux via the temperature gradient, the comparison with the observed data gives some insight on a “mean loop” model and its power supply.
Analysis of the Machine-Readable Version of the Tonantzintla Catalogue of the Pleiades Flare Stars
Authors: Tsvetkov M.K. , Stavrev K.Y. , Tsvetkova K.P. 
Published: May 2019

The results of the intensive observations of the Pleiades flare stars for more than 20 years (≈ 3000 h effective observational time) were compiled and published by G.Haro and collaborators in a catalogue (Haro et al.,1982) including the flare stars discovered in the Pleiades region up to 1981. The catalogue contains the data far 519 flare stars.In the frame of the international programme for the study of flare stars in stellar aggregates the Department of Astronomy and the National Astronomical Observatory have carried out patrol observations in the Pleiades since 1979. Parallel to the observations, work on the creation of machine-readable versions of the published flare stars catalogues has begun. As a firatstep, a machine—readable version of the Tonantzintla catalogue (TC of the Pleiades flare stars has been prepared (Tsvetkov et al., 1987).
Nonthermal and Thermal Emissions in Solar Flares
Authors: Nitta Nariaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn two major solar flares, we have found evidence for hard X-ray footpoint emission using the X-ray imager on Hinotori. Possible factors are discussed as to why we only rarely detect footpoint emissions, which may not always take the form of double sources, depending on magnetic configurations in flares.
Type III Radio Burst Productivity of Solar Flares
Authors: Poquerusse M. , McIntosh P.S. 
Published: May 2019

We study the statistical relationship between optical flares and type III radio bursts, using modern and extensive computer files. Results emerge along two main lines, concerning the physical mechanism of ejection of energetic particles, and the magnetic field geometry respectively.First, we find that type III probability of occurrence increases strongly with the brightness of a flare and its proximity to a sunspot, and with accompanying prominence activity. This suggests that Bornmann's class I and III events correspond to distinct physical phenomena, particle acceleration and magnetic expansion respectively, both working simultaneously in class II events, which are the most favorable to the ejection of energetic particles out of flaring sites.
Recent Results of Meter-decameter Wave Observations of Solar Flares
Authors: Copalswamy N. , Kundu M. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present recent results from meter-decameter imaging of several classes of solar radio bursts: Preflare activity in the form of type III bursts, correlated type IIIs from distant sources, and type II and moving type IV bursts associated with flares and CMEs.
Enhanced Turbulence and Heating Observed Preceding the Impulsive Phase in a Solar Flare
Authors: Cheng Chung-Chieh , Widing K.G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe studied the unique EUV spectra of the 21 Jan. 1974 flare observed by the NRL Normal-Incidence Slit Spectrometer (SO 82B) onboard the Skylab. The results show that the pre-impulsive transition region plasmas exhibited enhanced turbulence and heating before the acceleration of energetic particles. The absence of blue-shifted components in the Fe XXI line profiles shows that the chromospheric evaporation is not important in this flare.
Variation of the Solar Flare Energy Spectrum Over the 11-Year Activity Cycle
Authors: Kasinsky V.V. , Sotnikova R.T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on X-ray (1-8 Å) flux data for 1977-1987, the integral spectra of solar flare energy were computed. The energy spectra were approximated by a power law N(E) α; E~n, with N being the number of flares with energy in excess of E. It is shown that the spectral index (β) varies systematically with the 11-year cycle phase.
Topological Catastrophe in Massive Current Sheets
Authors: Peterle Ph. , Hoyvaerts J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA two-dimensional sheet model for solar filaments (Kippenhahn and Schluter configuration) is considered. We investigate, the quasi-static evolution of gravito-magnetohydrostatic equlibria in exploring the response of massive current sheets to a slow continuous variation of the mass/flux ratio with fixed boundary conditions. A catastrophic behavior of the field topology is found to occur in the sequence following the formation of a cusp point (bifurcation).
Dynamical Magnetic Energy Release of Current Loops in the Corona: Effects of Toroidal Forces
Authors: Chen James 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe discuss a mechanism whereby a current loop embedded in plasmas such as the solar and stellar coronae can dissipate magnetic energy without resistive effects or reconnection. This mechanism arises from the motion of magnetic/current structures driven by “toroidal forces”. Using a simple model loop, we show that it can exhibit a wide range of motion with correspondingly wide range of magnetic energy dissipation rates. For example, a loop with ~20G can attain expansion velocities of ~1200km s–1 under solar coronal conditions, dissipating ~1032erg in a few tens of minutes.
Plasma Oscillations Inside Small Fluxtubes
Authors: Wiehr E. , Lustig G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeriodic Doppler motions inside small fluxtubes are determined from the zero-crossing point of the circular Zeeman polarization profile (Stokes-V=0). The gas fully participates on the known solar 5min oscillations without affecting amplitude or frequency. Averaging the oscillations, the gas is at rest in an absolute solar scale. Discrepancies with formerly observed redshifts are explained by the systematic westward displacement of the magnetic structure relative to the Ca+K bright point used for guiding.
Crystal Structure of the Warmest Solid Phase of Perfluorocyclobutane
Authors: Harsanyi Laszlo , Bartell Lawrence S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractX-ray powder diffraction data show that the highest temperature solid phase of C4F8 has an orientationally disordered body-centered cubic structure, a = 7.06(3)Å, with two molecules per cell.
Semiquantitative Analysis by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (SQXRD) of the < 2 mm to 0.002 mm and < 0.002 mm Fractions of Soil
Authors: Raab G. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe method described in this paper is a strict protocol for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of mineral phases found in soils. Its application is not restricted to soils and is an attempt to standardize XRD sample preparation and analysis. The protocol requires the particle size of the < 2 mm - 0.002 mm fraction be reduced to 0.002 mm before analysis. In die qualitative section, the clay fraction ( < 0.002 mm particle size) is prepared as oriented slides. The suspended clay fraction is saturated with ethylene glycol, K +, and Mg+2; pipeted; air-dried; heat-treated at 110°C, 350°C, and 550°C; and X-rayed at each step in order to properly identify the clay minerals. In the quantitative section, the method employs a matrix-flushing agent, corundum (Al2O3). The corundum acts also as an internal standard, a calibration standard, and a reference standard. The suspended clay fraction is freeze-dried and corundum is added to each sample. Randomly oriented powder mounts are prepared from the < 2 mm - 0.002 mm fraction, and the < 0.002 mm fraction, and X-rayed. A series of reference standards are prepared based on the existing mineralogy, corundum is added, and each mixture is X-rayed. The software integrates the area under specific peaks (chosen for intensity and no overlap) in each sample, calculates the reference intensity ratios (RIRs) and calculates the percentage of each mineral based on the equation of Chung (1974). The attention to detail allows documentation and verification of the results yielding data of known quality.
Pulmonary artery banding and venous bidirectional cava-pulmonary shunt for two-stage arterial switch procedure in late referral of patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum: midterm results
Authors: Cevik Ayhan , Karaci Ali Rıza , Polat Bulent , Erturk Murat , Yalcin Yalım , Yazicioglu Volkan , Salihoglu Ece 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Two-stage arterial switch operation and left ventricle retraining are necessary for the patients with left ventricle dysfunction and transposition of great vessels with intact ventricular septum (TGA-IVS) who are referred late.Material and methods:Forty-seven patients with the diagnosis of TGA-IVS and left ventricle dysfunction who underwent arterial switch operation in our centre between July 2013 and August 2017 were analysed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria for left ventricle retraining were patients older than 2 months of age at presentation, having an echocardiographic left ventricle mass index of less than 35 g/m², and having an echocardiographic “banana-shaped” left ventricle geometric appearance. The patients were divided into two groups: pulmonary artery banding and Blalock Taussig shunt were performed as the initial surgical procedure for later arterial switch operation in Group I (n = 19) and pulmonary artery banding and bidirectional cava-pulmonary shunt in Group 2 (n = 28).Results:The average age was found to be 122.3 ± 45.6 days in Group I and 145.9 ± 37.2 days in Group II. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.232 versus p = 0.373) between the average left ventricle mass index of the two groups neither before the first stage nor the second stage (26.6 ± 4.8 g/m² versus 25.0 ± 4.9 g/m² and 70.5 ± 12 g/m² versus 673.8 ± 12.0 g/m², respectively). The average time interval for the left ventricle to retrain was 97.7 ± 42.9 days for Group I and 117.3 ± 40.3 days for Group II, significantly lower in Group I (p = 0.027). The time spent in ICU, length of the period during which inotropic support was required, and the duration of hospital stay were significantly higher in Group I (p<0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.00, respectively).Conclusion:Pulmonary artery banding and bidirectional cava-pulmonary shunt can be performed as a safe and effective alternative to pulmonary artery banding and arterial Blalock Taussig shunt for patients with TGA-IVS in whom arterial switch operation is needed beyond the neonatal period. This approach involves a shorter hospital stay and fewer post-operative complications.