bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern contraceptive use among female adolescents in rural Nigeria: Does exposure to family planning messages matter? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chima Victor , Alawode Oluwatobi Abel 
Published: March 2019

Background: The world currently has the highest number of adolescents in all of history. Africa is home to quite a number of them, with most of these adolescents in Africa live in rural areas where they are more disadvantaged and their reproductive decisions could have telling impacts on their lives, family planning (contraception) has been identified as important to avoid such impacts. Factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives among female adolescents have been extensively researched but the importance of mass media family planning messages on modern contraceptives use among female adolescents in rural Nigeria is under-researched, hence this study. Method: This paper uses the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data with a weighted sample size (n=4473) to examine the association between exposure to family planning messages and use of modern contraceptives among female adolescents in rural Nigeria. Results: Findings indicated that exposure to family planning messages on radio and television were significantly associated with use, however, educational attainment and region of residence were other factors that influenced contraceptive use. Therefore, family planning messages through traditional media (radio and television) is associated with the use of modern contraceptives among female rural adolescents in Nigeria. Conclusion: The study concludes that family planning messages through mass media especially radio and televisions are associated with modern contraceptives use among rural adolescents. The continued use of mass media could create opportunities to achieve more results in family planning although the messages should be resident-specific and targeted to various cadres of people with consideration for the level of education to ensure efficiency of the message.
ELK1 has a dual activating and repressive role in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Prise Ian , Sharrocks Andrew D. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The ERK MAPK pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating numerous cellular processes during normal development and in the adult but is often deregulated in disease scenarios. One of its key nuclear targets is the transcription factor ELK1, which has been shown to play an important role in controlling gene expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). ELK1 is known to act as a transcriptional activator in response to ERK pathway activation but repressive roles have also been uncovered, including a putative interaction with the PRC2 complex. Methods: Here we probe the activity of ELK1 in hESCs by using a combination of gene expression analysis in hESCs and during differentiation following ELK1 depletion and also analysis of chromatin occupancy of transcriptional regulators and histone mark deposition that accompany changes in gene expression. Results: We find that ELK1 can exert its canonical activating activity downstream from the ERK pathway but also possesses additional repressive activities. Despite its co-binding to PRC2 occupied regions, we could not detect any ELK1-mediated repression at these regions. Instead, we find that ELK1 has a repressive role at a subset of co-occupied SRF binding regions. This latter repressive role appears not to be exerted through competition with MRTF family co-activators. Conclusions: ELK1 should therefore be viewed as a dichotomous transcriptional regulator that can act through SRF to generate both activating and repressing properties at different genomic loci.
Follow‐Up of Incidental High‐Risk Pulmonary Nodules on Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography at Care Transitions
Authors: Kwan Janice L , Yermak Darya , Markell Lezlie , Paul Narinder S , Shojania Kaveh G , Cram Peter 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDComputed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) detects incidental findings that require follow‐up. In just over 50% of cases, those incidental findings are pulmonary nodules. Fleischner guidelines recommend that patients with nodules that have a high risk of malignancy should undergo CT follow‐up within 3‐12 months.OBJECTIVEWe examined the proportion of patients with pulmonary nodules requiring follow up who received repeat imaging within six weeks of the time frame recommended by the radiologist.DESIGNThis retrospective cohort study included all patients who underwent CTPA in the emergency department and inpatient settings at three teaching hospitals in Toronto, Canada between September 1, 2014, and August 31, 2015. Natural language processing software was applied to a linked radiology information system to identify all CTPAs that contained pulmonary nodules. Using manual review and prespecified exclusion criteria, we generated a cohort with possible new lung malignancy eligible for follow‐up imaging; then we reviewed available health records to determine whether follow‐up had occurred.RESULTSOf the 1,910 CTPAs performed over the study period, 674 (35.3%) contained pulmonary nodules. Of the 259 patients with new nodules eligible for follow‐up imaging, 65 received an explicit suggestion for follow‐up by radiology (25.1%). Of these 65 patients, 35 (53.8%) did not receive repeat imaging within the recommended time frame. Explicit mention that follow‐up was required in the discharge summary (P = .03), attending an outpatient follow‐up visit (P < .001), and younger age (P = .03) were associated with receiving timely follow‐up imaging.CONCLUSIONSOver 50% of patients with new high‐risk pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CTPA did not receive timely follow‐up imaging
Endoscopic Examinations in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Authors: Soeparto Pitono 
Published: March 2019

Much difficulties are often encountered in finding the underlying cause of recurrent abdominal pain. Clinical features may vary from one patient to the other and occasionally from one episode to the next even in the same child. The recent development of fibre optic endoscopy may well prove to have a useful diagnostic technique, particularly in those children in whom other investigations are inconclusive.
The result of endoscopic examinations in children with recurrent abdominal pain comprising of 62 children aged between 3-13 years were as follows: erosion in 7 children, oesophagi tis in 4 children, duodenitis in 3 children, spasm of the pylorus in 2 children, and normal findings were found in 30 children. Of the 30 patients with "normal" endoscopic findings, 7 had psychosomatic problems, 4 had allergy, 4 had urinary tract infection, 2 showed giardiasis, one had epilepsy, 1 was treated as pulmonary tuberculosis, where as in 11 patients organic as well as nonorganic abnormalities could not be found. There seem to be of no significant correlation between the endocopic and upper gastrointestinal series findings. Endoscopy seem to be of a safe and reliable tool in the diagnosis of a number of organic intestinal lesions otherwise not detected by ordinary investigations.
MAKNA VERBA MAJEMUK ~KIRU DALAM BAHASA JEPANG Kajian Struktur dan Semantis
Authors: Taqdir Taqdir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to know the structure of compound verb (V + V) in Japanese. The structure is a forming of zenkoudoushi (first verb) and koukoudoushi (second verb). The second verb is kiru. And the first verbs are joutai doushi (statis) keizoukudoushi (contuinity), shunkandoushi (fungtual), and daiyoushudoushi (the four verb). This classification from the Kindaichi’s classification. As a single verb kiru means to cut, to slice, to decide, and to turn off. When it combined with other verbs, the verb kiru will form a compound verb which has several meanings. Commonly, compound verb kiru has two meanings, namely in terms of lexical meaning and syntactical meaning. Lexically, compound verb kiru means setsudan ‘cutting’ and shuketsu ‘ends/over’, while syntactically this verb means kyokudo ‘extraordinary/ infinite’ and kansui ‘perfective’. The compound verb ~kiru which attached to continuity (keizokudoushi) has meaning as setsudan ‘cutting’, shuketsu ‘ends/over’, and kansui ‘perfective’, while when it is attached to the punctual verb (shuunkandoushi) means kyokudo ‘extraordinary/ infinite’. Keyword : zenkoudoushi, koukoudoushi, compound verb, ~kiru
MULTIMEDIA LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION AND VOCABULARY MASTERY FOR ENHANCHING STUDENTS’ JAPANESE LANGUAGE READING SKILL AT SMKN 1 PURWOKERTO
Authors: Haryono Haryono 
Published: March 2019

The present research is the implementation of the 2013 doctoral disertation report funded by DIKTI. The research is a part of IPTEKS scheme for community devotion that have strong relation to language education technology. It concern with the use of multimedia learning and vocabulary mastery on students’ Japanese language reading skills at SMK 1 Purwokerto. The method is implemented experimentally by giving multimedia learning treatment such as Rosetta Stone and Tell Me More Japanese. Through some presentation with the use of those multimedia learning material, the purpose of this research is to know the extent to which the level of their vocabulary mastery and to encourage students in order to have an approriate skill to read Japanese documents. With the implementation of this multimedia learning training, graduate students of SMK Negeri I Purwokerto will be increased and for the future they have a good job at Japanese companies in Indonesia
I CALL MYSELF SNOB: POLITICS OF AESTHETICS OF KOREAN POETRY UNDER DICTATORSHIPS
Authors: HONG Sunghee 
Published: February 2019

This study addresses the issue of politics of aesthetics in Korean poetry in regards of ‘authenticity of snobbism’ manifested in poems and essays published from late 1960s to 1980s under dictatorships. The special attention is on the double positioning of oneself as the accuser and the accused. The questions of the politics of aesthetics of Korean poetry, even the recent argument, has discriminated ‘authenticity’ from ‘snobbism’, in the needs to qualify literature as the accuser of the opportunism and passivism under the dictatorships. However, this dichotomy has restricted the political-aesthetic possibilities of literature to an exclusive property of poets or (poets as) ‘citizens’. This study explores how Korean poetry generated the possibility of political aesthetics from every single snobbish corner of lives by placing ‘the accuser’ of the dictatorial government on the position of ‘the accused’ through its own voice. Poems and essays of Kim Soo-young, Kim Kwang-kyu and Lee Seong-bok will be significantly examined as what manifested the autoimmunity of literature beyond the pose of self-reflection.
The infrared spectroscopy of chitosan films doped with silver and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zemlyakova Evgeniya S. , Tcibulnikova Anna V. , Slezhkin Vasilyi A. , Zubin Andrey Yu. , Samusev Ilya G. , Bryukhanov Valeryi V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This work presents the dependences of the absorption intensity of the acid-soluble chitosan biopolymer films in the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum on the concentrations of silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies. The interaction mechanisms in the vibrational spectra overlapping area of the silver NPs and chitosan molecules (2500–3500 cm−1) were observed. The influence of the metal NPs on the dipole moments of the OH-, NH3
+- and CH-chitosan molecule group oscillations was established. This interaction leads to a linear increase of the IR absorption intensity with an increase of the silver nanoparticle concentration, synthesized by the citrate and borohydride methods. The presence of silver and gold ablative NPs in the chitosan films demonstrates the IR absorption intensity exponential decrease with the metal NPs’ concentrations.
Clichés as evaluative resources: A socio-cognitive study
Authors: Bullo Stella 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, I explore clichés as socio-cognitive resources that enable the expression of attitudinal positioning in interaction. I examine a corpus of 150 clichés collected from a variety of publicly available sources and illustrate their function by exploring how they are used to convey evaluation in institutional meetings. By co-deploying the attitude system of the appraisal framework with socio-cognitive discourse analysis tools, I argue that clichés can be used to provoke evaluation through the socio-cognitive resources they evoke given the shared knowledge contained within them. The findings indicate that the majority of evaluative instances relate to performance or ability of human entities by reference to basic aspects of human experience contained in the socio-cognitive representations evoked. The article also finds that the provoked attitudinal values work in a cumulative way to create a flow of evaluative patterns, which, in turn, contributes to our understanding of the interpersonal function they perform, i.e. persuade, urge action and save face. The paper argues that the co-deployment of both approaches allows the investigation of clichés as resources for covertly expressing evaluation by reference to knowledge shared by the interlocutors.
Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Fiber–Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ghanem Sahar Y. , Bowling Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Fibers are used to improve the properties of concrete. This article investigates the mechanical properties of chopped carbon-fiber–reinforced concrete (CFRC). The properties examined include workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. The fibers were added at the volume fractions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 %. Adding carbon fiber to the concrete decreased the workability of concrete. The compressive strength of CFRC increases when more carbon fiber is added to the mixture, up to a certain percentage, after which increasing fiber content becomes unbeneficial. This optimum fiber content is found to be 1 %, with a strength effectiveness of 13.65 %. The splitting tensile strength of CFRC improved linearly when more fiber was added to the mixture, and the strength effectiveness ranged from 18.37 to 132.6 %. The flexural strength of CFRC improved linearly with increased fiber content, and the strength effectiveness ranged from 3.26 to 13.82 %. Relationships for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of CFRC are introduced and explained.
Automatic Recognition and Positioning of Wheel Defects in Ultrasonic B-Scan Image Using Artificial Neural Network and Image Processing
Authors: Yuan Meng , Li Jinlong , Liu Yingwei , Gao Xiaorong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Wheels are one of the most important testing components in rail transport that play a significant role in the safety of train, and thence, research on wheel defect detection is of great significance. In this article, a method using image processing techniques and artificial neural network techniques is proposed for the purpose of recognizing defects in ultrasound B-scan image. A noise reduction and filtering algorithm and a feature extraction algorithm are proposed to simplify identification steps and improve the accuracy of the later recognition. Then, two back propagation neural networks with two hidden layers are built respectively for two classification steps. One is to identify noise, while the other is to identify the echo of real defects. Finally, a 93 % recognition rate is achieved by using the algorithm proposed in this article. The result shows that appropriate feature extraction algorithms and artificial neural network techniques are efficient and reliable in defects recognition of ultrasound B-scan images.
A Comparative Analysis of Robust Dispersion Control Charts with Application Related to Health Care Data
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Tahir Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Tahir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
One of the most efficient tools of statistical process control is the control chart. The efficiency and effectiveness of control charts depend on its in-control robustness, i.e., how the control chart reacts against the violation of the designed model of the chart. The current study evaluates the in-control robustness properties of a chart that is based on the mixture of the statistics of cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving averages (CS-EWMA) control charts for monitoring the process dispersion under normal, nonnormal, and contaminated normal environments. The in-control robustness performance of the CS-EWMA chart is compared with some existing control charts. Moreover, the appropriate values of the design coefficients for selected charts are also determined. In-control robustness is evaluated in terms of different properties of run length distribution, such as average run length, standard deviation of the run length, and various percentile points. In addition, a real-life application of all the selected charts based on the colonoscopy procedure is considered for practical implementation. It is found that the CS-EWMA chart has a better in-control robustness performance as compared with its counterparts.
Historical Review of the Metered Section Area for the Guarded-Hot-Plate Method
Authors: Zarr Robert R. , Bruss Stacy M. , McElroy David. L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Results of an extensive literature review and investigation of the metered section area for the guarded-hot-plate method, standardized as ASTM C177, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, are presented. The guarded-hot-plate apparatus is a primary linear-heat-flow method generally used to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating and building materials. The review examined technical publications from 1885 to 1990 and identified 31 papers of interest. Historical versions of ASTM C177 were also researched as well as test methods from other standard development organizations. The investigation revealed that, over the past 100 years, researchers have independently developed two main approaches for the computation of the metered section area. An assessment of the calculation techniques is presented for round plates with diameters from 250 to 1,000 mm, a guard-to-meter aspect ratio of 2, and guard gap widths of 1–4 mm. The gap effects are not negligible because large gaps (4 mm) on small plates (250 mm) can lead to errors of 10 % or more on the computation of the metered section area, ultimately affecting the uncertainty of the test results of the guarded-hot-plate method. The results of this study are applicable to other thermal conductivity test methods that employ a primary thermal guard to promote 1-D heat flow.
A Comparison Study on Emission Characteristics of Using Higher Alcohol Oxygenates with Gasoline in a Multipoint Fuel Injection Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Dhamodaran Gopinath , Esakkimuthu Ganapathy Sundaram 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Usage of oxygenates has become common practice for improving gasoline properties. In this study, two oxygenates, one from the ether family (diisopropyl ether (DIPE)) and one from the alcohol family (n-butanol), were mixed with gasoline at 5, 15, and 25 % by volume to get D5, D15, D25, N5, N15, and N25 blends. Blends of DIPE (D5, D15, and D25) and n-butanol (N5, N15, and N25) were tested in a four-stroke four-cylinder multipoint fuel injection spark-ignition engine at 0.33 MPa (brake mean effective pressure) over a speed range of 1,400 to 2,800 r/min with 200 r/min increments. The performance and emission behavior obtained from blends of DIPE and n-butanol were compared with base gasoline. Lower hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are observed for oxygenate blends than for gasoline. However, blends of DIPE and butanol emitted higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) than gasoline. The retarded spark timing from 14° before top-dead-center (bTDC) to 12° bTDC reduced NOx emissions from blends. The study also concludes that DIPE is a suitable and comparable oxygenate additive to n-butanol and offers high knock resistance equal to n-butanol.
A Health Equity Audit of the Diabetic Eye Screening Programmes in Cumbria and the North East
Authors: Ahmad Balsam , Neilson Fergus 
Published: March 2019

We report key findings and lessons learned from a health equity audit (HEA) of six National Health Service Diabetic Eye Screening Programmes (NDESPs) in Cumbria and the North East of England. Uptake of diabetic eye screening was analysed in relation to demographic variables including age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and geography and a combinationof these in each of the six NDESPs. A total of 196,275 records of patients with diabetes aged 12 years and over on the NDESP registers were analysed. The key finding was a lower than acceptable screening uptake (70%) in the last year among the working age population, especially those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas. The HEA process also highlighted the need for improvements in collecting data on ethnicity and sex. It informed action plans which address inequities in uptake of screening in each of the six NDESPs, especially those targeting the working age populations and individuals who never attended screening or never responded to screening invitations. We established a method of extracting the patient data from the local systems, pseudonymising and linking to lower super outputarea. This will be important for HEAs to become embedded in routine practice.
An R Package for Bayesian Analysis of Multi-environment and Multi-trait Multi-environment Data for Genome-Based Prediction
Authors: Montesinos-López Osval A , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Luna-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Toledo Fernando H , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Lillemo Morten , Crossa José 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Evidence that genomic selection (GS) is a technology that is revolutionizing plant breeding continues to grow. However, it is very well documented that its success strongly depends on statistical models, which are used by GS to perform predictions of candidate genotypes that were not phenotyped. Because there is no universally better model for prediction and models for each type of response variable are needed (continuous, binary, ordinal, count, etc.), an active area of research aims to develop statistical models for the prediction of univariate and multivariate traits in GS. However, most of the models developed so far are for univariate and continuous (Gaussian) traits. Therefore, to overcome the lack of multivariate statistical models for genome-based prediction by improving the original version of the BMTME, we propose an improved Bayesian multi-trait and multi-environment (BMTME) R package for analyzing breeding data with multiple traits and multiple environments. We also introduce Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking (BMORS) functions that are considerably efficient in terms of computational resources. The package allows parameter estimation and evaluates the prediction performance of multi-trait and multi-environment data in a reliable, efficient and user-friendly way. We illustrate the use of the BMTME with real toy datasets to show all the facilities that the software offers the user. However, for large datasets, the BME() and BMTME() functions of the BMTME R package are very intense in terms of computing time; on the other hand, less intensive computing is required with BMORS functions BMORS() and BMORS_Env() that are also included in the BMTME package.