bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II receptor blockade blocker pre-treatment largely prevents injury from gradual renal ablation in rats
Authors: Hye Won Park  , Kim Youngki , Kee Hyuck Kim  , Hyeon Joo Jeong  , Shin Myung-Hee , Rozen Silvia , Mauer Michael 
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Reduction in renal mass in rats results in progressive proteinuria, hypertension, focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSG), atrophy of tubules (AT), and interstitial expansion. We reported that slow reduction of renal tissue in rats (slow ablation) ending in the removal of 1.5 kidneys is associated, over the next six months, with higher albumin excretion rates (AER) and accelerated development of FSG lesions compared to sudden equivalent renal mass reduction. It was hypothesised that slow reduction of nephron numbers allows for a process of conditioning of residual nephrons that increases their susceptibility to subsequent injury. Methods. To test this idea we treated MünichWistar rats with the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan for six weeks during the gradual staged surgical removal of 1.5 kidneys, and compared them to sham operated controls, and parallel groups untreated by losartan. Results. Despite discontinuation of losartan over the subsequent six months, ARB pre-treatment completely prevented proteinuria and hypertension in these slow renal ablation rats. ARB pre-treatment also largely prevented the subsequent development of FSG,AT, and interstitial expansion in these animals. Both losartan-treated and untreated renal ablation groups had glomerular enlargement and compensatory hyperfiltration and this was uninfluenced by losartan. Conclusion. Temporary ARB administration during gradual renal mass reduction resulted in long-term prevention of hypertension and albuminuria and greatly reduced FSG and tubular and interstitial lesions. We hypothesise that the preconditioning of residual nephrons in the gradual ablation model which facilitates their subsequent injury, is blunted by renin-angiotensin system blockade.
KUG 0200-096: Dwarf Antennae Hosting a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Sengupta Chandreyee , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We study a gas-rich merging dwarf system KUG 0200-096. Deep optical imaging reveals an optically faint tail with a length of 20 kpc, giving a visual impression of tidal antenna similar to NGC 4038/39. The interacting dwarf galaxies have B-band absolute magnitudes of −18.06 and −16.63 mag. We identify a young stellar clump with a stellar mass of 2 × 107
M
⊙ at the tip of the antenna, possibly a tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG). The putative TDG candidate is quite blue with a g − r color index of −0.07 mag, whereas the interacting dwarf galaxies have g − r color indices 0.29 and 0.19 mag. The TDG is currently forming stars at the rate of 0.02 M
⊙ yr−1. We obtained H i 21 cm line data of KUG 0200-096 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope to get a more detailed view of neutral hydrogen (H i) emission in interacting dwarf galaxies and its TDG. Evidence of a merger between the dwarf galaxy pair is also present in H i kinematics and morphology where we find the H i contents of the interacting pair is disturbed, forming an extended tail toward the TDG. The H i velocity field shows a strong gradient along the H i tidal tail extension. We present a comparative study between the Antennae galaxy, NGC 4038/39, and KUG 0200-096 in both optical and H i gas properties and discuss the possible origin of the KUG 0200-096 TDG.
Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in the z ∼ 2.3 Lensed Galaxies SMM J2135–0102 and SDP 17b from Observations of OH+ and H2O+
Authors: Indriolo Nick , Bergin E. A. , Falgarone E. , Godard B. , Zwaan M. A. , Neufeld D. A. , Wolfire M. G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cosmic rays are predominantly accelerated in shocks associated with star formation such as supernova remnants and stellar wind bubbles, so the cosmic-ray flux and thus cosmic-ray ionization rate, ζ
H, should correlate with the star formation rate in a galaxy. Submillimeter bright galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most prolific star-forming galaxies in the universe, and gravitationally lensed SMGs provide bright continuum sources suitable for absorption line studies. Abundances of OH+ and H2O+ are useful for inferring ζ
H when combined with chemical models, and have been used for this purpose within the Milky Way. At redshifts z ≳ 2 transitions out of the ground rotational states of OH+ and H2O+ are observable with ALMA, and we present observations of both molecules in absorption toward the lensed SMGs SMM J2135−0102 and SDP 17b. These detections enable an exploration of ζ
H in galaxies with extreme star formation and high supernova rates, both of which should significantly enhance cosmic-ray production. The observed OH+ and H2O+ absorption is thought to arise in massive, extended halos of cool, diffuse gas that surround these galaxies. Using a chemical model designed to focus on the reaction network important to both species, we infer cosmic-ray ionization rates of ζ
H ∼ 10−16–10−14 s−1 in these extended gaseous halos. Because our estimates come from gas that is far away from the sites of cosmic-ray acceleration, they imply that cosmic-ray ionization rates in the compact regions where star formation occurs in these galaxies are orders of magnitude higher.
Identifying Observables That Can Differentiate Between Impulsive and Footpoint Heating: Time Lags and Intensity Ratios
Authors: Winebarger Amy R. , Lionello Roberto , Downs Cooper , Mikić Zoran , Linker Jon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Observations of solar coronal loops have identified several common loop characteristics, including that loops appear to cool and have higher than expected densities. Two potential heating scenarios have been suggested to explain these observations. One scenario is that the loops are formed by many strands, each heated independently by a series of small-scale impulsive heating events, or nanoflares. Another hypothesis is that the heating is quasi-steady and highly stratified, i.e., “footpoint heating”; such heating can drive thermal nonequilibrium in some structures depending on the scale height and magnitude of the energy deposition, and the geometry of the structure. Studies of both types of heating have found that they can qualitatively reproduce the observed loop properties. The goal of this paper is to identify observables that can be used to differentiate between these two heating scenarios. To do this, we use a single loop geometry. For footpoint heating, we vary the heating magnitude and stratification, for impulsive heating, we vary the heating magnitude. We use one-dimensional hydrodynamic codes to calculate the resulting temperature and density evolution. We convolve the temperature and density with the response functions of four EUV channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and one filter channel of Hinode's X-ray Telescope. We consider two principal diagnostics: the time lag between the appearance of the loop in two different channels, and the ratio of the peak intensities of the loop in the two channels. Based on this limited data set, we find (1) that footpoint heating can predict longer time lags than impulsive heating in some channel pairs, (2) that footpoint heating can predict zero or negative time lags in some channel pairs, (3) that the intensity ratio expected from impulsive heating is confined to a narrow range, while footpoint heating predicts a wider range of intensity ratios, and (4) that the range of temperatures expected in impulsive heating is broader than the range of temperatures expected in footpoint heating. This preliminary study identifies observables that may be useful in discriminating between heating models in future work.
Interactions Between Gas Dynamics and Magnetic Fields in the Massive Dense Cores of the DR21 Filament
Authors: Ching Tao-Chung , Lai Shih-Ping , Zhang Qizhou , Girart Josep M. , Qiu Keping , Liu Hauyu B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report Submillimeter Array molecular line observations in the 345 GHz band of five massive dense cores, Cyg-N38, Cyg-N43, Cyg-N48, Cyg-N51, and Cyg-N53 in the DR21 filament. The molecular line data reveal several dynamical features of the cores: (1) prominent outflows in all cores seen in the CO and SiO lines, (2) significant velocity gradients in Cyg-N43 and Cyg-N48 seen in the H13CN and H13CO+ lines suggesting 0.1 pc scale rotational motions, and (3) possible infalls in Cyg-N48 found in the SiO and SO lines. Comparing the molecular line data and our dust polarization data in Ching et al., we find that the gradients of line-of-sight velocities appear to be randomly oriented relative to the plane-of-sky magnetic fields. Our simulations suggest that this random alignment implies parallel or random alignment between the velocity gradients and magnetic fields in the three-dimensional space. The linewidths of H13CN emission are consistently wider than those of H13CO+ emission in the 3″–10″ detectable scales, which can be explained by the existence of ambipolar diffusion with maximum plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strengths of 1.9 mG and 5.1 mG in Cyg-N38 and Cyg-N48, respectively. Our results suggest that the gas dynamics may distort the magnetic fields of the cores of into complex structures and ambipolar diffusion could be important in dissipating the magnetic energies of the cores.
Hemispheric Preference and Cyclic Variation of Solar Filament Chirality from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Mahajan Sushant S. , Douglas William Keith , Martens Petrus C. H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It is well known that solar filaments are features in the solar atmosphere that show a hemispheric preference in their chirality. The hemispheric preference is such that the dextral chirality dominates in the northern hemisphere while the sinistral chirality dominates in the southern. Determining the strength and cyclic variation of the degree of this hemispheric preference however, is challenging and tedious, and thus, needs to be automated. In this paper, we follow Dr. Pietro Bernasconi’s algorithm to detect filament chirality with two parallel channels of application. The algorithm is applied to H-alpha images with the “Advanced Automated Filament Detection and Characterization Code” and the full algorithm (including the detection of filaments and tracking) is explained to the human observer who determines the chirality of the solar filament. We have conducted this exercise on the data during the month of August from years 2000 to 2016 and we found that 83% of our visually determined filaments follow the hemispheric chirality preference, while 58% of automatically determined filaments follow it. Our visually compiled results have over 90% agreement with those of Pevtsov et al., yet the visually determined chiralities of filaments disagree with the automated determinations significantly. We find that the hemispheric preference remained the same between solar cycles 23 and 24, but the preference is very difficult to determine during the solar minimum of 2008–2010 primarily due to the absence of filaments.
SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). II. Structural Properties and Near-infrared Morphologies of Faint Submillimeter Galaxies
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Ferraro Nicholas , Wang Wei-Hao , Lim Chen-Fatt , Toba Yoshiki , An Fangxia , Chen Chian-Chou , Smail Ian , Shim Hyunjin , Ao Yiping , Bunker Andy , Conselice Christopher J. , Cowley William , da Cunha Elisabete , Fan Lulu , Goto Tomotsugu , Guo Kexin , Ho Luis C. , Hwang Ho Seong , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lee Minju , Michałowski Michał J. , Oteo I. , Scott Douglas , Serjeant Stephen , Shu Xinwen , Simpson James , Urquhart Sheona 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present structural parameters and morphological properties of faint 450 μm selected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) from the JCMT Large Program, STUDIES, in the COSMOS-CANDELS region. Their properties are compared to an 850 μm selected and a matched star-forming samples. We investigate stellar structures of 169 faint 450 μm sources (S
450 = 2.8–29.6 mJy; S/N > 4) at z < 3 using HST near-infrared observations. Based on our spectral energy distribution fitting, half of such faint SMGs (L
IR = 1011.65±0.98
L
⊙) lie above the star formation rate (SFR)/stellar mass plane. The size–mass relation shows that these SMGs are generally similar to less-luminous star-forming galaxies selected by NUV − r versus r − J colors. Because of the intrinsic luminosity of the sample, their rest-frame optical emission is less extended than the 850 μm sources (S
850 > 2 mJy) and more extended than the star-forming galaxies in the same redshift range. For the stellar mass and SFR-matched sample at z ≃ 1 and z ≃ 2, the size differences are marginal between faint SMGs and the matched galaxies. Moreover, faint SMGs have similar Sérsic indices and projected axis ratios as star-forming galaxies with the same stellar mass and SFR. Both SMGs and the matched galaxies show high fractions (∼70%) of disturbed features at z ≃ 2, and the fractions depend on the SFRs. These suggest that their star formation activity is related to galaxy merging and the stellar structures of SMGs are similar to those of star-forming galaxies. We show that the depths of submillimeter surveys are approaching the lower luminosity end of star-forming galaxies, allowing us to detect galaxies on the main sequence.
Discovery of X-Rays from the Old and Faint Pulsar J1154–6250
Authors: Igoshev Andrei P. , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Rigoselli Michela , Mereghetti Sandro , Popov Sergei B. , Elfritz Justin G. , Mushtukov Alexander A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report on the first X-ray observation of the 0.28 s isolated radio pulsar PSR J1154–6250 obtained with the XMM-Newton observatory in 2018 February. A point-like source is firmly detected at a position consistent with that of PSR J1154–6250. The two closest stars are outside the 3σ confidence limits of the source position and thus unlikely to be responsible for the observed X-ray emission. The energy spectrum of the source can be fitted equally well either with an absorbed power law with a steep photon index Γ ≈ 3.3 or with an absorbed blackbody with temperature kT = 0.21 ± 0.04 keV and emitting radius R
BB ≈ 80 m (assuming a distance of 1.36 kpc). The X-ray luminosity of 4.4 × 1030 erg s−1 derived with the power-law fit corresponds to an efficiency of

, similar to those of other old pulsars. The X-ray properties of PSR J1154–6250 are consistent with an old age and suggest that the spatial coincidence of this pulsar with the OB association Cru OB1 is due to a chance alignment.
Fermi-LAT Detection of a Transient γ-Ray Source in the Direction of a Distant Blazar B3 1428+422 at z = 4.72
Authors: Liao Neng-Hui , Li Shang , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report the detection of a transient γ-ray source in the direction of B3 1428+422 (z = 4.72) by analyzing the 110-month Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data. The new transient γ-ray source is far away from the Galactic plane and has a rather soft spectrum, in agreement with being a high redshift blazar. We suggest that the newly discovered transient is the γ-ray counterpart of B3 1428+422, which could be the most distant GeV source detected so far. The detection of a group of such distant γ-ray blazars will be helpful in reconstructing the evolution of the luminosity function and studying the extragalactic background light at such high redshifts.
Éducation et territoire. Retour sur un objet sociologique mal ajusté
Authors: Ben Ayed Choukri 
Published: September 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux enjeux de l’extension institutionnelle des relations entre éducation et territoire (décentralisation éducative, projets éducatifs locaux, etc.). Après avoir fait le constat que les relations entre éducation et territoire contribuent au brouillage des partitions anciennes entre l’école et le hors école, l’éducation formelle et informelle, l’article interroge le sens politique et éducatif de ce brouillage. Il montre que la tendance actuelle à l’articulation des différentes sphères éducatives, si elle permet de lutter contre certains cloisonnements institutionnels et administratifs, rebat également les cartes entre éducation et socialisation, éducation et loisirs, voire éducation et contrôle social. L’article développe ainsi une analyse sur les enjeux et les risques inhérents à cette forme d’homogénéisation éducative sans « contres pouvoirs » éducatifs par l’affaiblissement des espaces éducatifs alternatifs.
Louis Legrand et la réforme des collèges
Authors: Dorison Catherine 
Published: September 2018

À l’arrivée de la gauche au pouvoir en 1981, le ministre de l’Éducation nationale, Alain Savary demande à Louis Legrand des propositions pour transformer les collèges. Sept ans plus tôt, la loi élaborée par René Haby a supprimé les filières et créé le « collège unique », mais les inégalités dans les parcours des élèves demeurent patentes. Les propositions faites par Louis Legrand se fondent sur les résultats de deux expérimentations de collèges sans filières, qu’il a pilotées dans les années soixante-dix alors qu’il dirigeait le service de la recherche à l’INRP. L’originalité des propositions comme des expérimentations tient à l’articulation entre la transformation structurelle de la répartition des élèves et la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques. Mais ces propositions supposent une évolution de la définition des services des enseignants et de leurs conditions de travail, ce qui suscite des oppositions.
Les essais et erreurs, ensemble : la pensée divergente et l’apprentissage collectif dans la mise en œuvre des réseaux intégrés de soins
Authors: Evans Jenna M. , Tsasis Peter , Grudniewicz Agnes 
Published: September 2018

Les réseaux hybrides, qui relient des professionnels et des organisations divers et variés sont une façon d’offrir des soins intégrés aux patients. La littérature récente soutient que la bonne mise en œuvre de ces réseaux passe par une perspective socio-cognitive, dans laquelle les représentations mentales et les processus de pensée sont priorisés, étudiés et comparés. Le présent article a pour but d’identifier les points de divergence entre les façons de voir les choses chez les acteurs cliniques et managériaux concernés par la mise en œuvre des réseaux intégrés de soins connus sous le nom de « Maillons santé » (ou « Health Links », HL) en Ontario, au Canada, et de décrire les moyens d’améliorer la capacité des acteurs à apprendre de manière collective et à développer des points de vue plus convergents. Nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des modèles mentaux partagés et la théorie de l’apprentissage par la pratique pour effectuer une analyse secondaire des données d’entretiens réalisés auprès de 55 professionnels de la santé et autres cadres concernés par la mise en œuvre des Maillons santé. Nous avons épinglé des exemples de divergences dans la manière dont les acteurs conceptualisent le modèle et l’approche en ce qui concerne ces Maillons santé (« modèle mental de stratégie ») et leurs perceptions mutuelles et la manière dont ils travaillent ensemble (« modèle mental de relations »). Nous avons par ailleurs épinglé quatre stratégies qui facilitent l’apprentissage et, éventuellement, la convergence des modèles mentaux. Les résultats de l’étude devraient faciliter le dialogue entre les parties prenantes en faveur d’un apprentissage collectif et d’une action coordonnée dans le cadre de la prestation intégrée de soins. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Nos observations indiquent que dans la mise en œuvre d’un changement de grande envergure, faisant intervenir plusieurs groupes de parties prenantes, il existe des domaines prévisibles où des opinions divergentes sont susceptibles d’apparaître et d’avoir des effets négatifs sur la coordination des actions. Avoir conscience de ces divergences potentielles est un moyen d’amener les praticiens à les examiner de manière explicite et régulière, et à élaborer de manière proactive des stratégies destinées à favoriser l’apprentissage par la pratique et le développement d’une perspective convergente.
Insufficient IL-10 Production as a Mechanism Underlying the Pathogenesis of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Imbrechts Maya , Avau Anneleen , Vandenhaute Jessica , Malengier-Devlies Bert , Put Karen , Mitera Tania , Berghmans Nele , Burton Oliver , Junius Steffie , Liston Adrian , de Somer Lien , Wouters Carine , Matthys Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a childhood-onset immune disorder of unknown cause. One of the concepts is that the disease results from an inappropriate control of immune responses to an initially harmless trigger. In the current study, we investigated whether sJIA may be caused by defects in IL-10, a key cytokine in controlling inflammation. We used a translational approach, with an sJIA-like mouse model and sJIA patient samples. The sJIA mouse model relies on injection of CFA in IFN-γ–deficient BALB/c mice; corresponding wild type (WT) mice only develop a subtle and transient inflammatory reaction. Diseased IFN-γ–deficient mice showed a defective IL-10 production in CD4+ regulatory T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD3−CD122+CD49b+ NK cells, with B cells as the major source of IL-10. In addition, neutralization of IL-10 in WT mice resulted in a chronic immune inflammatory disorder clinically and hematologically reminiscent of sJIA. In sJIA patients, IL-10 plasma levels were strikingly low as compared with proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, CD19+ B cells from sJIA patients showed a decreased IL-10 production, both ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation. In conclusion, IL-10 neutralization in CFA-challenged WT mice converts a transient inflammatory reaction into a chronic disease and represents an alternative model for sJIA in IFN-γ–competent mice. Cell-specific IL-10 defects were observed in sJIA mice and patients, together with an insufficient IL-10 production to counterbalance their proinflammatory cytokines. Our data indicate that a defective IL-10 production contributes to the pathogenesis of sJIA.
Impact of Volume and Type of Overnight Pages on Resident Sleep During Home Call
Authors: Ludvigson Adam E. , Ryan Stephen T. , Gentile Christina R. , Mills Gregory J. , VerLee Graham T. , Hansen Moritz H. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Little research exists regarding factors that contribute to resident fatigue during home call.

Objective
We objectively tracked the number and type of pages received, as well as residents' sleep time, during home call. We then examined the relationship between paging volume, resident sleep, and resident fatigue.

Methods
A total of 4 of 4 urology residents (100%) at a single institution wore a FitBit Charge HR device from July 2015 to July 2016 to track sleep. Between January and July 2016, pages received by the on-call resident were counted as either floor (urology inpatient unit), clinic (after-hours answering service), or other. Postcall residents were defined as fatigued and excused at noon if they reported they were too tired to safely perform clinical duties.

Results
Residents slept an average of 408 minutes per night while not on call, versus 368 minutes while on call but not fatigued, and 181 minutes while on call and fatigued (P &lt; .05). The most senior resident received fewer pages per night on average than the most junior resident. Each page was associated with 4.71 fewer minutes asleep on average for all residents. Pages in the other category were associated with 7.74 fewer minutes asleep per page for all residents, but only the most junior resident had significantly less sleep, 9.02 minutes, per floor page.

Conclusions
Objective sleep data correlate with subjective assessment of resident fatigue and with volume and type of pages received. Senior residents spent less time awake per page and received fewer pages.