bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the mandibular arch after rapid maxillary expansion in children: A three-dimensional analysis using digital models
Authors: Pacheco Ariel Adriano Reyes , Franco Ademir , Antelo Oscar Mario , Pithon Matheus Melo , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective: This retrospective study quantitatively evaluated and compared the change in distance between mandibular first molars before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using digital models. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven (n = 27) plaster models (16 females and 11 males, between 6 and 9 years old) from patients treated at the Interceptive Orthodontic Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil) were used. The initial (T1) and final (1 year after, T2) dental casts were scanned. The distances between the mandibular first molars were measured and compared using Geomagic Foundation software (Rock Hill, SC, USA). The central fossa of each mandibular molar was used as the reference point. The mandibular arch perimeter was measured using Orthoviewer (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Results: The intermolar width increased by 0.23 mm and by 0.75 mm in the arch perimeter. In two patients the intermolar width increased more than 2 mm, and in five patients the values from the initial measurements decreased. Conclusions: RME does not increase mandibular intermolar width distance or the mandibular arch perimeter in growing patients treated with Haas-type palatal expanders when evaluated using digital models.
Quantifying the single-scattering albedo for the January 2017 Chile wildfires from simulations of the OMI absorbing aerosol index
Authors: Sun Jiyunting , Veefkind J. Pepijn , van Velthoven Peter , Levelt Pieternel F. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The absorbing aerosol index (AAI) is a qualitative parameter
directly calculated from satellite-measured reflectance. Its sensitivity to
absorbing aerosols in combination with a long-term data record since 1978
makes it an important parameter for climate research. In this study, we
attempt to quantify aerosol absorption by retrieving the single-scattering
albedo (ω0) at 550 nm from the satellite-measured AAI. In the first
part of this study, AAI sensitivity studies are presented exclusively for
biomass-burning aerosols. Later on, we employ a radiative transfer model
(DISAMAR) to simulate the AAI measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
(OMI) in order to derive ω0 at 550 nm. Inputs for the radiative
transfer calculations include satellite measurement geometry and surface
conditions from OMI, aerosol optical thickness (τ) from the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and aerosol
microphysical parameters from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET),
respectively. This approach is applied to the Chile wildfires for the period
from 26 to 30 January 2017, when the OMI-observed AAI of this event reached
its peak. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)
overpasses missed the evolution of the smoke plume over the research region;
therefore the aerosol profile is parameterized. The simulated plume is at an
altitude of 4.5–4.9 km, which is in good agreement with available CALIOP
backscatter coefficient measurements. The data may contain pixels
outside the plume, so an outlier detection criterion is applied. The results
show that the AAI simulated by DISAMAR is consistent with satellite
observations. The correlation coefficients fall into the range between 0.85
and 0.95. The retrieved mean ω0 at 550 nm for the entire plume over
the research period from 26 to 30 January 2017 varies from 0.81 to 0.87, whereas
the nearest AERONET station reported ω0 between 0.89 and 0.92.
The difference in geolocation between the AERONET site and the plume, the
assumption of homogeneous plume properties, the lack of the aerosol profile
information and the uncertainties in the inputs for radiative transfer
calculation are primarily responsible for this discrepancy in ω0.
Now you see it, now you don't: a case study of ephemeral snowpacks and soil moisture response in the Great Basin, USA
Authors: Petersky Rose , Harpold Adrian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ephemeral snowpacks, or those that persist for < 60 continuous days, are
challenging to observe and model because snow accumulation and ablation occur
during the same season. This has left ephemeral snow understudied, despite
its widespread extent. Using 328 site years from the Great Basin, we show
that ephemeral snowmelt causes a 70-days-earlier soil moisture response than
seasonal snowmelt. In addition, deep soil moisture response was more variable
in areas with seasonal snowmelt. To understand Great Basin snow distribution,
we used MODIS and Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) data to map snow
extent. Estimates of maximum continuous snow cover duration from SNODAS
consistently overestimated MODIS observations by >25 days in the lowest
(<1500 m) and highest (>2500 m) elevations. During this time period
snowpack was highly variable. The maximum seasonal snow cover during water
years 2005–2014 was 64 % in 2010 and at a minimum of 24 % in 2014.
We found that elevation had a strong control on snow ephemerality, and nearly
all snowpacks over 2500 m were seasonal except those on south-facing slopes.
Additionally, we used SNODAS-derived estimates of solid and liquid
precipitation, melt, sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation to define snow
ephemerality mechanisms. In warm years, the Great Basin shifts to ephemerally
dominant as the rain–snow transition increases in elevation. Given that snow
ephemerality is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change,
physics-based modeling is needed that can account for the complex energetics
of shallow snowpacks in complex terrain. These modeling efforts will need to
be supported by field observations of mass and energy and linked to finer
remote sensing snow products in order to track ephemeral snow dynamics.
Aa Amyloidosis in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia and Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen
Authors: Zakharova Elena V. , Shutov Evgeny V. , Vorobyeva Olga A. , Nikitin Eugene A. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a rare condition with unknown pathogenesis, which is sometimes associated with hematological disorders. We present the case of renal and splenic AA amyloidosis associated with SANT and essential thrombocythemia – a previously unreported combination of pathologies. Case description A 42-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 6-year history of progressive thrombocytosis, low-grade fever, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). An abdominal ultrasound discovered a splenic mass, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed megakaryocytosis with atypical features. Under interferon-α treatment, her fever resolved and her platelet count decreased, but the CRP remained elevated. Within 2.5 years she developed nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure. A kidney biopsy revealed amyloidosis. She was started on hemodialysis and underwent a splenectomy. Splenic pathology revealed SANT and AA amyloidosis of the spleen. Further review of her biopsy specimens confirmed renal AA amyloidosis and myeloproliferative disorder. Polymerase chain reaction studies showed a JAK2 V617F mutation in 1% of nucleated cells. Anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) and IgG-viral capsid antigen were >600 U/mL. At the latest follow-up visit 1 year after the splenectomy, she is doing well; her platelet count and CRP are normal. Conclusions Our patient has SANT and essential thrombocythemia associated with AA amyloidosis. The high titers of anti-EBV IgG suggest that chronic EBV infection may have been causative for the former 2 conditions. The return of her high CRP level to the normal range after surgical removal of the pseudotumor may suggest an association of AA amyloidosis with SANT.
Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Biotin and Vitamin B12 in Vitamin B Supplements
Authors: Nshime Bertil , Koedam James , Stanton Brian , Tran Quynh , Chen Prescott 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: The determination of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and biotin has always been challenging because of the lack of a chromophore for biotin and trace level input for vitamin B12 in supplements. Microbiological assay methods are currently used for quantitation. However, these methods are time consuming, may lack specificity, and have high imprecision. Objective: Our laboratory developed and validated an LC method for the simultaneous quantitation of vitamin B12and biotin. Methods: This LC method uses a single quadruple mass analyzer to detect biotin and vitamin B12 at m/z 245.10 and m/z 678.29, respectively. Results: The mass analyzer allows for low limits of quantitation (biotin: 1 ng/mL; vitamin B12: 4 ng/mL). Precision results showed that injections are repeatable without the use of an internal standard (RSD &lt; 5%). Single analyst (n = 5: RSD &lt; 3%), within lab (n = 10: RSD &lt; 8%), and multilab (n = 20: RSD &lt; 13%) precision results were also much better than those reported by microbiological assay methods. Linearity was evaluated between 92.00 ng/mL and 9200 ng/mL (R2 09916) for biotin and between 4.846 ng/mL and 484.6 ng/mL (R2 0.9999) for vitamin B12. The method is accurate between 20 ng/mL and 60 ng/mL for vitamin B12 and between 400 ng/mL and 1200 ng/mL for biotin. Conclusions: The results show a simple, accurate, and precise method for the quantitation of vitamin B12 and biotin. Highlights: This work demonstrates that single quadrupole mass analyzers can be successfully used to quantify trace level analytes in quality control laboratories.
Accompagner Brigitte Haentjens : mouvements d’une dramaturge
Authors: Dumont Mélanie 
Published: September 2018

L’amorce d’une nouvelle création par Brigitte Haentjens ouvre à une réflexion sur l’accompagnement de la metteure en scène au fil de sa traversée des oeuvres. Près de dix années de collaboration sont ainsi ressaisies par l’une de ses dramaturges de façon à cerner les dynamiques de cette posture particulière, voire paradoxale. Que fait le dramaturge? Quels sont ses champs d’intervention et d’attention? Comment s’inscrit-il dans ce long processus de côtoiement des textes mené par l’artiste? Quelle est sa place au sein de l’équipe artistique? Quels systèmes de traduction doit-il inventer, mettre en place? Penser la présence du dramaturge – entre intérieur et extérieur, langage et écoute, regard et senti – permet une immersion au coeur de la démarche créatrice de Haentjens.
Le meurtre du partenaire intime chez les femmes au Canada selon qu’elles sont Autochtones ou non-Autochtones
Authors: Girard Mélanie , Laflamme Simon 
Published: September 2018

Au Canada, en 2015, le taux de femmes accusées d’homicide était 31 fois plus élevé chez les Autochtones que chez les non-Autochtones. Cette statistique se répercute dans le meurtre du partenaire intime. Dans une étude récente, notre échantillon canadien de femmes maricides était composé à 55 % d’Autochtones. Cette surproportion nous a conduits à nous demander si les femmes autochtones, dans leur rapport au meurtre du partenaire intime, se distinguent des non-autochtones. Nos analyses reposent sur des documents décisionnels de la Commission des libérations conditionnelles et sur des transcriptions des audiences de meurtrières devant la Commission. Ces analyses portent sur des données quantitatives et textuelles. Elles montrent que ces femmes, sur plusieurs plans, ne sont pas différenciables en fonction de l’ethnie; elles révèlent que, lorsque l’ethnie entre en jeu comme facteur de dissimilitude, c’est pour mettre en relief la marginalité d’un vécu amérindien, notamment dans le cadre des réserves.
Cette étrange pliure à partir de laquelle rien n’est plus pareil. La question de la contingence en sciences sociales : l’événement
Authors: Vautier Claude 
Published: September 2018

Il est, en sciences humaines et sociales, une catégorie appelée événement qui, chassée comme le fut Candide du château de Thunder-ten-tronckh, fut, comme lui, obligée de faire un long voyage avant de retrouver droit de cité dans des domaines où elle réapparaît peut-être un peu plus circonscrite. Le but de cet article est de cerner au mieux le sens que peut prendre aujourd’hui ce terme afin d’en faire une véritable catégorie analytique susceptible d’aider à la modélisation des sociétés contemporaines. Cette modélisation n’est pas fondée sur le seul événement. Elle est fondée sur le noeud de relations qui lie cet événement, les individus et le système sociétal. L’approche de cette modélisation est donc « relationnelle ». Et l’événement dont il est question ici ne peut être envisagé hors de cette relation généralisée que j’appelle « champ relationnel » et qui suggère qu’aucune des trois catégories analytiques citées ci-dessus n’a de sens ni d’intérêt en elle-même, pour une modélisation, hors de ce champ.
Inflammation-based prognostic scores predict the prognosis of locally advanced cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Wu Chia-Che , Li Shau-Hsuan , Lu Hung-I , Lo Chien-Ming , Wang Yu-Ming , Chou Shang-Yu , Chen Yen-Hao 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe present study investigated the crucial role of inflammation-based prognostic scores in locally advanced cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who underwent curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).MethodsThere were 411 ESCC patients enrolled, including 63 cervical ESCC patients. Using the propensity score matching method, 63 thoracic ESCC patients were matched to the 63 cervical ESCC patients. The inflammation-based prognostic scores included the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin level, c-reactive protein (CRP) level, modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and CRP/albumin ratio. The chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier method were used for categorical variable data and overall survival, respectively. A Cox regression model was performed for univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsWith respect to cervical ESCC, NLR ≥ 2.5 (P = 0.019), PLR ≥ 103 (P = 0.013), CRP value >10 mg/l (P = 0.040), mGPS ≥ 1 (P = 0.040), and CRP/albumin ratio ≥ 9.5 (P = 0.033) were significant predictors of worse overall survival (OS) in the univariate analysis. In a multivariable analysis, PLR ≥ 103 (P = 0.010, HR: 2.66, 95% CI [1.27–5.58]) and mGPS ≥ 1 (P = 0.030, HR: 2.03, 95% CI [1.07–3.86]) were the independent prognostic parameters of worse OS. The prognostic value of these biomarkers in the matched thoracic ESCC patients was similar and compatible with the results in the cervical ESCC group in the univariate and multivariable analyses.ConclusionsOur study suggests that these inflammation-based prognostic scores are helpful in clinical practice, and PLR and mGPS may predict the prognosis for locally advanced cervical ESCC patients who receive curative CCRT.
Fine Chemicals: Technology and Products
Authors: Rajagopal R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe fine chemicals industry faces challenges that relate to managing research and technology innovations, remaining competitive, and meeting sustainability mandates.This article covers the major shifts in the fine chemicals business and manufacturing that are driven by sustainability requirements, green chemistry and engineering tools, and innovative models for fine chemicals production.Advances in bio‐based fine chemicals from renewables like carbohydrates, oil and fats, and lignin; oleochemical‐based fine chemicals; high value fine chemicals through biowaste valorization technologies; and carbon dioxide conversion into premium fine chemicals are highlighted.Specific examples of new developments in manufacturing in the fine chemicals industry that are based on continuous flow and modular models and flexible manufacturing are presented. Advances in biotransformation processes through biocatalytic systems that have enabled innovations in a wide range of pharmaceutical such as atovarstatin, pregabalin, lamivudine, atenelol, doramectin, and paclitaxel are discussed.
Recycling Plastics
Authors: Buekens Alfons 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlastics Recycling refers to the recovering and mechanically reprocessing of used plastics products into other products.In principle, plastic scrap can be remolded many times, either in similar or lower applications. In practice, factors such as ageing, fouling, and mixing limit recycling. Moreover, almost all individual resins are mutually incompatible, which reduces the strength, stiffness, and toughness of the recycled product.This article focuses on the recycling of packaging. The recycling rate for plastic packaging is lower than that for metal, paper, and glass. This reflects the relative difficulty of collecting, sorting, and processing plastics due to their low density, the high likelihood of contamination, and the wide range of polymer types.
Tapered Hollow‐Core Fiber Air‐Microbubble Fabry–Perot Interferometer for High Sensitivity Strain Measurement
Authors: Zhao Yong , Chen Mao‐qing , Peng Yun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA highly sensitive and ultracompact (12.5 µm) optic‐fiber strain sensor based on air‐microbubble Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) formed in a tapered hollow core fiber (HCF) is proposed. The sensor is fabricated by fusion splicing the lead‐in and lead‐out single‐mode fibers (SMFs) with a HCF, and then the HCF is tapered at the center to construct an air‐microbubble FPI. The application of the tapered operation not only provides an ultrasmall FPI preparation method, but also increases the strain sensitivity of the proposed FPI sensor. The simulation model is established based on the COMSOL to study the response to axial strain, and the results show that the existence of tapered area can effectively improve the strain sensitivity. Accordingly, the high strain sensitivity of 8.62 pm µε−1 is achieved with a good linear response (R‐square: 0.996) in the wide strain range of 0–3200 µε, which is almost four times larger than that of the all‐fiber FPI strain sensors without the tapered area (about 2 pm µε−1). In addition, the sensor has a negligible temperature sensitivity of 0.32 pm °C−1. Therefore, the highly sensitive, lower temperature crosstalk, low‐cost, and ultracompact optic‐fiber strain sensor would have a broad prospect of application in practice.
Three‐Dimensionally Programmed Slippery Wrinkles with High Stretchability for Tunable Functionality of Icephobicity and Effective Water Harvesting
Authors: Ahn Jihoon , Jeon Jaehyeon , Heu Chang Sung , Kim Dong Rip 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFacile synthesis of 3D structured materials with highly slippery and stretchable properties is proposed by infusing lubricant into the wrinkled structures formed on the surface of silicone elastomer in a programmable manner. Such a method allows the formation of slippery surface with the desired 3D hierarchical structures for target applications. The developed platform shows 8.2 times lower ice adhesion strengths or 1.4 times higher water collection properties than planar slippery surface. The hierarchically structured slippery material not only effectively suppresses the crack generation, but also maintains a similar degree of original property under repeated stretching cycles.
van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of 2D Metal–Porphyrin Framework Derived Thin Films for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yan‐Yue , Chen Shu‐Mei , Haldar Ritesh , Wöll Christof , Gu Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, monolithic, crystalline, porous, and oriented porphyrin thin films are grown using a novel van der Waals layer‐by‐layer (lbl) epitaxial growth protocol, yielding an unusual AB‐stacking motif of these interesting macrocycles units. Subsequently, these surface‐mounted metal‐organic frameworks (SURMOFs) are transformed by thermal treatment to yield well‐performing counter electrodes (CEs) for dye‐sensitized solar cells. During this calcination, the heterocyclic macrocycles are metalated, yielding compact, homogeneous, and very stable metalloporphyrin thin films (ZnTCPP‐C) with excellent CE performance. For thin films fabricated using three lbl cycles (thickness ≈17 nm), the power conversion efficiency is found to amount to 5.63%, making it a promising candidate to replace Pt CE (6.72%). Such calcined SURMOFs carry huge potential for fabricating electronic and photovoltaic devices.
Multilayer Network Membranes Based on Evenly Dispersed Nanofibers/Co3O4 Nanoneedles for High‐Efficiency Separation of Micrometer‐Scale Oil/Water Emulsions
Authors: Qian Dongliang , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUltrawetting membranes have enabled great progress in oil/water separation and have helped to address global industrial wastewater pollution and marine oil spills. However, there are few reports of 3D multilayer network membranes that can be easily prepared, and give efficient separation in micro‐ and nanoscale oil‐in‐water emulsions. A membrane is designed for emulsion separation; it consists of ultralong (over 10 µm) sodium titanate nanofibers as the selective layer and a jungle‐like Co3O4 nanoneedles mesh as the support layer. This mesh shows superhydrophilicity in air and low‐adhesive superoleophobicity under water. This membrane gives 99.9% separation efficiency and good permeation flux, and has great advantages in the separation under gravity of oil‐in‐water emulsions with droplet sizes larger than 400 nm. The results of this work provide a new method for designing ultrathin, efficient, and durable separation membranes with a 3D multilayer network structure.
Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Fractal and Hierarchical Microstructures Using Two‐Photon Polymerization: Toward Flexible Superhydrophobic Films
Authors: Lin Yang , Zhou Ran , Xu Jie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroduction of hierarchical microstructures nowadays is considered as an important method to create superhydrophobic surfaces, but the majority of current studies mainly focus on arbitrary or simple 3D geometries. Therefore, only statistic results or particular conclusions can be obtained. Given this concern, two‐photon polymerization (TPP) is applied to create well‐defined 3D microstructures with high resolution, including fractal Sierpinski tetrahedrons, and hierarchical pyramid structures. Surfaces that have fractal structures with higher complexity are found to be more hydrophobic than their lower‐stage counterparts. Additionally, fractal Sierpinski tetrahedron structures prove to possess higher efficiency in achieving superhydrophobicity when compared to hierarchical pyramids. Further, TPP is also adopted in creating microstructures on flexible substrates. As a demonstration, an array of hierarchical pyramids is fabricated on a plastic film, and superhydrophobicity still remains even after 100 times of bending and relaxing. Moreover, owing to the convenience of spatial control from TPP, tuning of wetting performance in different regions of surfaces is achievable. With this technique, the role of the fractal and hierarchical microstructures in flexible natural creatures can be better understood, thus facilitating the applications, for which robust wetting control is required.