bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Chemical Compound in a Capitalist Commodity Chain: The Production, Distribution and Industrial Use of Alum in the Mediterranean and the Textile Centers of the Low Countries (Thirteenth-Sixteenth Centuries)
Authors: Dumolyn Jan , Lambert Bart 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccording to Immanuel Wallerstein, the sixteenth century saw the emergence of a capitalist world economy in which labor was organized on a global scale, and the production, distribution and use of goods and services were integrated across national boundaries. This article argues that, though exceptional, an integrated, hegemonic division of labor on an international scale did occur before 1500. Adopting one of Wallerstein’s conceptual tools, the commodity chain approach, it analyzes the production, distribution and industrial use of alum, a chemical compound, from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The high-quality cloth industry of the Low Countries, the most prominent artisanal sector of the period in Europe, strongly relied on alum as a mordant to fix colors. Yet the best varieties of alum could only be won in Asia Minor until the middle of the fifteenth century and in central Italy after 1450. The combination of the inflexible demand structure and the mineral’s limited supply resulted in the creation of commodity chains that crossed national and even continental boundaries and allowed those in control of the alum mines to establish exactly those dependency relations that were particular to Wallerstein’s world economy of the sixteenth century. If the aim is to study the conditions in which economic actors lived and worked and the ways in which they organized their labor, a focus on the production contexts of specific commodities, rather than on comprehensive world systems, might therefore be more revealing.
Dietary practices of school children in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Ayesha , Pervaiz Mehak , Khalid Ayesha , Khan Ayesha Zahid , Rafique Ghazala 
Published: August 2018

Background: Malnutrition in Pakistan has remained an unresolved issue for decades. Data on nutrient intake and variety in children’s diet is lacking. Aim: This paper describes the dietary practices of school children across eight districts of Sindh. Methods: A school-based survey of dietary practices among 1109 students from classes 2–5 in 36 schools was conducted using a pre-tested interviewer-completed questionnaire. Results: Descriptive and comparative analysis of data showed that more than 75% school children ate breakfast, lunch and dinner regularly. However, 10% children skipped breakfast and nearly one-third of them skipped mid-morning and evening snacks. Skipping breakfast and snacks was related to low socio-economic status and rural residence. Children’s intake of protein-rich food items and fruits also illustrated that urban residence and better socio-economic status have a positive effect on the frequency and variety of daily protein and fruit intake. Though affordability and geographic location were key determinants of children’s dietary practices, significantly higher percentages of children studying in class 2, 3 and 4 consumed different kinds of protein-rich food items, fruits and vegetables more frequently as opposed to children studying in class 5. Junk food consumption was more common in urban areas and better socio-economic strata. Conclusion: Development of school-based nutrition education programmes and behavior change strategies emphasizing the regular intake of meals and nutrient-rich snacks, and encouraging consumption of easily available and affordable food items such as dried seeds, fruits, vegetables, milk and its derivatives is essential for addressing nutrient deficiencies.
Effects of MOTOmed movement therapy on the mobility and activities of daily living of stroke patients with hemiplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Cuiling , Liu Fang , Yao Liqun , Li Zhongyuan , Qiu Li , Fang Suzhu 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of MOTOmed® movement therapy in increasing mobility and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: English- and Chinese-language articles published from the start of database coverage through 20 June 2018 were retrieved from the Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Chinese Biomedicine databases. Articles were also retrieved by manual searches of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chinese journals. Methods: Randomized control trials examining MOTOmed movement therapy interventions for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were included in this review. The risk of bias assessment tool was utilized in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. All included studies reported mobility effects as primary outcomes. Standardized mean differences or mean differences with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized for meta-analysis. Results: In total, 19 trials involving a total of 1099 patients were included in the analysis. All studies were of moderate quality, based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention: Part 2:8.5. MOTOmed movement therapy resulted in a merged mean difference in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.03 to 6.98). Comparison of groups treated with and without MOTOmed movement therapy yielded the following mean differences: Modified Ashworth Scale, −1.13 (95% CI: −1.37 to −0.89); Berg Balance Scale, 13.66 (95% CI: 10.47–16.85); Functional Ambulation Category Scale, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.68–1.03); 10-m walk test, 10.15 (95% CI: 5.72–14.58); Barthel Index, 14.82 (95% CI: 12.96–16.68); and Modified Barthel Index, 11.49 (95% CI: 8.96–14.03). Conclusion: MOTOmed movement therapy combined with standard rehabilitation improves mobility and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.
Large thrombus-in-transit within a patent foramen ovale in a patient with pulmonary embolism: a case report
Authors: Lu Changhong , Li Junfang , Wang Wugang , Gong Kun , Zhao Liang , Fu Xiuxiu 
Published: August 2018

Objective A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is detected frequently by echocardiography. However, a thrombus trapped in a PFO is relatively rare. We herein describe a rare case of a 51-year-old patient with pulmonary embolism in which a large thrombus-in-transit through a PFO was found by echocardiography and disappeared after treatment. Methods A 51-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of chest tightness, unspecified chest pain, and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed a large thrombus trapped in a PFO with increased pulmonary artery pressure, which is a very rare and critical condition. Results The patient was treated with thrombolysis and anticoagulation and discharged from the hospital with an uneventful recovery. Conclusion Our treatment of the present patient achieved a satisfactory result, but it may not be applicable to every patient. Echocardiography is a readily available and safe tool for demonstrating the size, location, and extent of a thrombus, and it plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment evaluation for patients with a thrombus trapped in a PFO with concurrent pulmonary embolism.
Migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine receiving preventive treatment with erenumab
Authors: Buse Dawn C , Lipton Richard B , Hallström Yngve , Reuter Uwe , Tepper Stewart J , Zhang Feng , Sapra Sandhya , Picard Hernan , Mikol Daniel D , Lenz Robert A 
Published: August 2018

Background We evaluated the effect of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, on migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine. Methods Patients enrolled in a phase 3, 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of once-monthly erenumab 70 and 140 mg for migraine prevention (STRIVE) used an eDiary during the baseline and double-blind treatment phases to complete validated, specific questionnaires, including the modified (monthly) Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire; Headache Impact Test; and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-role function-restrictive (MSQ-RFR), -role function-preventive (MSQ-RFP), and -emotional function (MSQ-EF). Results A total of 955 patients were randomized to receive erenumab 70 mg (n = 317), erenumab 140 mg (n = 319), or placebo (n = 319). Erenumab versus placebo resulted in significantly greater improvements in all patient-reported outcomes; changes from baseline were numerically higher with 140 mg erenumab. Improvements occurred rapidly and were maintained over 6 months of treatment. Between-group differences from placebo over months 4–6 for the 70- and 140-mg dose groups were, respectively, −2.1 and −2.8 for modified (monthly) Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire, −2.1 and −2.3 for Headache Impact Test, 5.1 and 6.5 for MSQ-RFR, 4.2 and 5.4 for MSQ-RFP, and 5.2 and 6.7 for MSQ-EF ( p < 0.001 for all). Erenumab also significantly reduced the proportion of patients with severe and very severe migraine-related disability and increased the proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvements in migraine-related impact and health-related quality of life. Conclusion Erenumab reduced migraine disability and impact and improved patients’ health-related quality of life, reinforcing its role as a promising new therapy for migraine prevention.
Bone Loss at HIP Resurfacing: A Comparison with Total HIP Arthroplasty
Authors: Crawford J.R. , Palmer S.J. , Wimhurst J.A. , Villar R.N. 
Published: August 2018

Resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip has been advocated as a bone-conserving procedure although concerns have been raised as to whether this is truly the case. We therefore compared bone loss during hip resurfacing with bone loss at total hip arthroplasty under controlled conditions using dry pelvic and femoral Sawbones (DePuy Leeds, UK). Ten sets of femoral and pelvic Sawbones were included in the study. Five sets were prepared for implantation of a hybrid total hip arthroplasty and five sets were prepared for insertion of hip resurfacing components. The Sawbones were weighed before and after preparation and the amount of dry bone loss was determined. During preparation of the femur for a resurfacing arthroplasty we resected 51.4% less Sawbone than for a total hip arthroplasty (mean 12.3g vs 25.3g, p<0.001). More bone (311.1%) was removed, however, during acetabular preparation for a resurfacing arthroplasty than for a total hip arthroplasty (mean 5.6g vs 1.8g, p<0.001). The total amount of Sawbone removed was 33.9% less for a resurfacing arthroplasty compared with a total hip arthroplasty (mean 17.9g vs 27.1g, p=0.001). We conclude that although reduced resection of femoral bone may be an advantage of hip resurfacing arthroplasty, the increased amount of bone that is removed from the acetabulum may prove problematic should patients require future revision surgery.
Hyperflexion and Femoral Interference Screw Insertion in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Steiner Mark E. , Wing David , Walley Kempland C. , Manoukian Ohan , Perez-Viloria Miguel , Okajima Stephen , Nazarian Ara 
Published: August 2018

Background: In anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions produced with flexible reamers and no knee hyperflexion, it is unknown whether knee hyperflexion is necessary for femoral interference screw insertion. Purpose: To compare femoral screw-graft divergence in anatomic ACL reconstructions with endoscopic interference screws placed without knee hyperflexion and with the use of flexible versus rigid screwdrivers. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten matched pairs of cadaveric knees had bone-tendon-bone graft ACL reconstructions with anatomic femoral tunnels. The knees were flexed to 90°. Femoral interference screws (7 × 20 mm) were placed in pairs of knees: in 1 knee with a flexible screwdriver and in the opposite knee with a rigid screwdriver. Graft-screw divergence was imaged with computed tomography scans and tested with cyclic and static biomechanical tests. Results: The mean screw-graft divergence was 12.07° ± 4.04° with the rigid screwdriver and 10.68° ± 3.23° with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .35). The cyclic tests with screws placed by a rigid screwdriver had a mean increase in displacement of 0.56 ± 0.20 mm. For screws placed with the flexible screwdriver, the mean increase in displacement was 0.58 ± 0.32 mm ( P = .66). Yield load was 393.3 ± 95.1 N for screws placed by a rigid screwdriver and 408.2 ± 119.0 N for screws inserted with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .78). Maximum load was 523.1 ± 88.7 N for screws placed by a rigid screwdriver and 467.1 ± 107.3 N for screws inserted with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .09). Conclusion: With either a rigid or a flexible screwdriver, there were no significant effects on screw divergence or fixation strength. Clinical Relevance: Knees can be kept at 90° during endoscopic femoral interference screw insertion. The use of a traditional rigid or flexible screwdriver will not affect screw-graft divergence or fixation strength.
Biochemical and histological evidence of deteriorated bioprosthetic valve leaflets: the accumulation of fibrinogen and plasminogen
Authors: Sakaue Tomohisa , Nakaoka Hirotomo , Shikata Fumiaki , Aono Jun , Kurata Mie , Uetani Teruyoshi , Hamaguchi Mika , Kojima Ai , Uchita Shunji , Yasugi Takumi , Higashi Haruhiko , Suzuki Jun , Ikeda Shuntaro , Higaki Jitsuo , Higashiyama Shigeki , Izutani Hironori 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Calcification of bioprosthetic valves (BVs) implanted in aortic position can result in gradual deterioration and necessitate aortic valve replacement. The molecular mechanism of calcium deposition on BV leaflets has been investigated, but remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify explanted bioprosthetic valve (eBV)-specific proteins using a proteomics approach and to unveil their biochemical and histological involvements in calcium deposition on BV leaflets. Calcification, fibrosis, and glycosylation of the valves were histologically assessed using Von Kossa, Masson's Trichrome and Alcian Blue staining, as well as immunostaining. Protein expression in the explanted biological valves was analysed using proteomics and western blotting. In a histological evaluation, αSMA-positive myofibroblasts were not observed in eBV, whereas severe fibrosis occurred around calcified areas. SDS-PAGE revealed three major bands with considerably increased intensity in BV leaflets that were identified as plasminogen and fibrinogen gamma chain (100 kDa), and fibrinogen beta chain (50 and 37 kDa) by mass analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed that fibrinogen β-chain was distributed throughout the valve tissue. On the contrary, plasminogen was strongly stained in CD68-positive macrophages, as evidenced by immunofluorescence. The results suggest that two important blood coagulation-related proteins, plasminogen and fibrinogen, might affect the progression of BV degeneration.
Pengaruh Suhu Kempa Terhadap Kualitas Balok Laminasi Kombinasi Bambu Petung Dengan Bambu Apus Untuk Komponen Kapal
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Sadewo Guntur 
Published: August 2018

Penggunaan kayu untuk industri terus mengalami peningkatan baik untuk pemakain structural maupun non structural. Permintaan akan kayu tersebut tidak dapat terpenuhi akibat kurangnya kualitas kayu yang baik. Disisi lain pemanfaatan bambu selama ini belum optimal walapun hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa bamboo memiliki kekuatan dan keunggulan dibandingkan dengan material bangunan lainya. Maka dilakukan penelitian tentang laminasi bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kadar air, kerapatan, kuat Tarik, MOR, modulus elastisitas dari laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus akibat pengaruh suhu kempa (80°C, 100°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C). Dalam penelitian ini dibuat balok laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus untuk uji kuat tarik mengacu pada standar SNI 03-3399-1994 dan uji kuat lentur mengacu pada standar SNI 03- 3960- 1995. Hasil penelitian untuk untuk pengujian Tarik memiliki kadar air rata-rata 11.81 %, berat jenis terbesar 0.7294 g/cm³ untuk suhu kempa 140°C, kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 97.84 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 120°C. untuk laminasi bambu untuk pengujian lentur memiliki nilai kadar air rata – rata sebesar 11.58%, berat jenis sebesar 0.7219 g/cm³ untuk suhu kempa 140°C, modulus of repture sebesar 101.59 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 140°C , modulus elastisitas 9171 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 140°C.
Analisa Kekuatan Struktur Trimaran Dengan Glass Bottom di Perairan Karimunjawa Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Adinata Wahyu , Adietya Berlian Arswendo , Zakki Ahmad Fauzan 
Published: August 2018

Dengan penetapan karimunjawa sebagai kawasan taman nasional pada tanggal 14 maret 2000(Kep. Menhut No.74/Kpts-II/2001), karimunjawa tumbuh menjadi tempat wisata favorit baru. Sebagai tempat wisata berbasis kelautan tentu banyak menggunaan moda transportasi laut berupa kapal sebagai alat transportasi wisatawan untuk menuju pulau tertentu maupun sebagai wahana wisata itu sendiri. Dengan beragamnya biota laut yang berada di Kariumjawa, tentu banyak wisatawan yang tertarik untuk berkunjung. Untuk menunjang daya tarik maka terdapat pilihan berupa kapal wisata glass bottom. Kapal yang diteliti merupakan kapal dengan ukuran kecil sehingga kurang adanya aturan khusus mengenai kapal tersebut yang merupakan tipe special craft yang mengatur dari segi kekuatan struktural kapal. Untuk mengetahui respon struktur digunakan pembebanan hidrostatik kapal itu sendiri pada analisa kekuatan struktur kapal. Konstruksi utama kapal menggunakan konstruksi melintang pada main hull dan demi hull. Pada bagian buritan setelah main hull menggunakan konstruksi melingkar dengan kemiringan derajat tertentu. Hasil analisa menggunakan program berbasis Metode Elemen Hingga didapatkan tegangan maksimal kapal trimaran didapat 7,31 x 105 N/m2 pada node 74711 dan deformasi sebesar 4,32 x 10-4 m pada boundary condition satu. Tegangan maksimal didapat sebesar 1,24 x 105 N/m2 terjadi pada node 80433 dan deformasi sebesar 2,14 x 10-4m pada boundary condition dua.
Ein althochdeutscher ›Spruch vom Weltanfang‹
Authors: Gold Julia , Herweg Mathias , Meyer-Almes Lisa Sophie , Schanze Christoph 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rather than presenting the so-called ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ under its manuscript ›title‹ De poeta, today’s critics usually refer to the text as ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ or ›Wessobrunner Schöpfungsgedicht‹. Both titles are misleading. However, regardless of its reception history, it is worthwhile analyzing the text in light of the form and genre traditions implicated by its modern titles. This essay offers a new perspective on the poetic, generic, and conceptual location of the ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ in Old High German literary history.
Failure rate prediction of equipment: can Weibull distribution be applied to automated hematology analyzers?
Authors: Verma Alekh , Narula Aastha , Katyal Akshi , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Anand Priyanka , Jahan Aarzoo , Pruthi Sonam Kumar , Sarin Namrata , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Life cycle prediction measures, that provide information on the probability of failure of equipments, have been applied in electronic and mechanical engineering and for predicting the strength of dental implants. However, the same has not been utilized as yet in medical equipment such as hematology analyzers.

Methods
Failure data of five automated hematology analyzers (3-part differential) was collected over 14 consecutive months and a Weibull probability plot was made. The scale and shape parameters of this plot were used to predict failure probability distribution. This was then combined with various costs involved in remedial maintenance to get a cost analysis.

Results
The analyzers in their “useful life” period were found to suffer fewer actual and predicted failures compared to those in the “wear out” phase. Cost analysis showed a considerably higher per month cost of remedial maintenance of analyzers compared to the price of a comprehensive maintenance contract.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that Weibull distribution can be applied well to hematology analyzers for modeling of failure data and the resultant information is helpful in the cost analysis of maintenance to allow for prudent and informed decision making with regards to the mode of maintenance of analyzers.
The attractiveness of FX housing loans for housholds in view of supervisory actions in selected EU countries
Authors: Świerczyńska Marta , Węglińska Mariola 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe article relates to the attractiveness of FX housing loans for households which led to over increase in EU countries. Results of comparative analysis conducted for Poland, Austria, Romania and Hungary indicates that actions taken by the supervisory bodies dedicated to demand indicators influence credit increase limitation in different ways. Non-standard actions taken seem to be most effective. Nevertheless, looking at the Hungarian caseit brings high costs to the economy.
The role of loan and guarantee funds in filling the funding gap for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Waniak-Michalak Halina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Research background. The analysis of the funding gap for SMEs and loan and guarantee funds’ capability to fill this gap has been undertaken to assess the instruments used in Poland which are focused on the development of entrepreneurship.

Methodology/methods. The funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises is measured with the method of unfulfilled demand for funding and unawarded funding. The size of the gap is compared to the potential amount of the guarantees and loans granted by non-bank organisations in Poland dependent on the amount of capital held.

Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to answer the research question of whether guarantee and loan funds in Poland play a significant role in filling the funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises

Findings & Value added Guarantee and loan funds are not able to fill the equity gap of SMEs in Poland due to low capital resources compared with needs, and an insufficient number of institutions offering non-bank funding. Also, the high risk attributed to loans granted to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs influences the low degree of utilisation of the capital already held, both by loan and guarantee funds. The unutilised capital is deposited in bank accounts and does not lead to the increase of the multiplier effect. The analysis concerns the specificity of the support system for SMEs in Poland and cannot be generalised to systems in other countries. However, the conclusions from the conducted analysis and the methodology of calculation of the equity gap may serve other researchers as a basis for creating their own theses and research hypotheses.