bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Combination Therapy with Statins and Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors versus Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lee Sukhyang 
Published: September 2018

Study ObjectivePatients with coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently use the combination of a statin and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) blocker, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), to control lipid levels and blood pressure, respectively, and the use of ARBs is increasing in Korean patients. Few studies are available, however, that have compared combination therapy with statin‐ACEIs versus statin‐ARBs. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ARBs are associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) compared with ACEIs when used in combination with statins in patients with established CHD.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study.Data SourceKorean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database.PatientsA total of 6577 adults who started statin‐RAAS blocker combination therapy (1870 in the statin‐ACEI cohort and 4707 in the statin‐ARB cohort) after being diagnosed with CHD between January 2003 and December 2013 were included. Of these, 3676 propensity score–matched patients (1838 in the statin‐ACEI cohort and 1838 in the statin‐ARB cohort) were included in the final analyses.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was MACCE (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events), a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and revascularization. Incidences and incidence rates of MACCE were calculated to estimate the differences between the two cohorts. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using a Cox proportional hazard model. The incidence of MACCE was 19.9% and 14.7%, and incidence rates were 11.7 and 8.1 per 100 person‐years in the statin‐ACEI and statin‐ARB cohorts, respectively. The risk of MACCE was significantly lower in the statin‐ARB cohort (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59–0.81).ConclusionA MACCE was less likely to occur in patients who received a statin‐ARB than in those who received a statin‐ACEI. Similar trends were seen in cardiovascular mortality and the occurrence of recurrent MI but not stroke. The availability of statin‐ARB fixed‐dose combinations may have contributed to the improved outcomes in the statin‐ARB cohort by reducing pill burden and improving medication adherence. Further research is warranted to validate our findings and to address whether a particular statin‐ARB combination is more effective than other combinations.
Review on the Role of Polymers in Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Li Yilin , Zhang Xueqiao , Zhang Yongcao , Dong Richard , Luscombe Christine K. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) offers an alternative approach to integrating photovoltaic technologies into the built environment. The research on LSCs has bloomed in the past decade in terms of searching for novel device architectures, developing new luminescent species, and employing unique host materials. This article will provide a concise review on LSCs and focus on the polymer host materials used in LSCs. Finally, we provide a brief outlook on the future development of this research area, particularly on the polymers used as host materials and luminescent species for LSCs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 201–215
Evidence‐based physiotherapy clinical practice in the public health‐care service in Ecuador
Authors: Cobo‐Sevilla Verónica , de Oliveira‐Ferreira Italo , Moposita‐Baño Lenin , Paredes‐Sánchez Valeria , Ramos‐Guevara Joshua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine if evidence‐based physiotherapy (EBP) was being applied in the public physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation departments in Ecuador, Zone 3.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was developed applying the “Evidence‐Based Practice: Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors of Physical Therapists” questionnaire, designed by Jette et al. and validated in Spanish by Guerra et al. to 67 physiotherapists working in the public service in the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Pastaza, and Tungurahua.ResultsOf the physiotherapists, 65.67% fully agree in being necessary to implement EBP in their clinical setting; however, 44.78% identified EBP as highly time demanding. Insufficient time (95.52%), lack of information resources (53.73%), and absence of support among co‐workers (50.75%) were reported as the main barriers that prevent physiotherapists from practicing EBP.ConclusionsPhysiotherapists showed a positive attitude and interest towards EBP, although there is unawareness on how to accomplish EBP on daily basis in addition to little specific training during preprofessional studies in relation to scientific research.
Theoretical Study on Structures and Stabilities of N7CR (R=H, CH3, NH2, F, Cl) Series
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Zhang Zhihui , Xie Weiyu , Li Shusong , Liu Fang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe existence of high energetic density material depends more on their kinetic stability. The synthesis reactions of CN7– by experimentally known N3CN and N3– were studied. The barrier of CN7– towards dissociation was theoretically calculated as 31.6 kcal⋅mol−1. The data, calculated at the CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df,2p) theoretical level, rised to 38.9 kcal⋅mol−1 when CN7H was formed by adding hydrogen anion to CN7–, indicating significant improvement in stability. The potential energy surfaces of N7CR(R= CH3, NH2, F, and Cl) system were also investigated, and the lowest kinetic barrier is 36.3 kcal⋅mol−1, 35.7 kcal⋅mol−1, 23.5 kcal⋅mol−1, and 28.5 kcal⋅mol−1, respectively. Moreover, the energy gap (Eg) of azidotetrazolates (N7CR) system was calculated by frontier molecular orbital theory to verify the stability.
Nanopore‐Based, Rapid Characterization of Individual Amyloid Particles in Solution: Concepts, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Houghtaling Jared , List Jonathan , Mayer Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAggregates of misfolded proteins are associated with several devastating neurodegenerative diseases. These so‐called amyloids are therefore explored as biomarkers for the diagnosis of dementia and other disorders, as well as for monitoring disease progression and assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Quantification and characterization of amyloids as biomarkers is particularly demanding because the same amyloid‐forming protein can exist in different states of assembly, ranging from nanometer‐sized monomers to micrometer‐long fibrils that interchange dynamically both in vivo and in samples from body fluids ex vivo. Soluble oligomeric amyloid aggregates, in particular, are associated with neurotoxic effects, and their molecular organization, size, and shape appear to determine their toxicity. This concept article proposes that the emerging field of nanopore‐based analytics on a single molecule and single aggregate level holds the potential to account for the heterogeneity of amyloid samples and to characterize these particles—rapidly, label‐free, and in aqueous solution—with regard to their size, shape, and abundance. The article describes the concept of nanopore‐based resistive pulse sensing, reviews previous work in amyloid analysis, and discusses limitations and challenges that will need to be overcome to realize the full potential of amyloid characterization on a single‐particle level.
A Tailored Bifunctional Electrocatalyst: Boosting Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Catalysis via Electron Transfer Between N‐Doped Graphene and Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Bu Yunfei , Nam Gyutae , Kim Seona , Choi Keunsu , Zhong Qin , Lee JunHee , Qin Yong , Cho Jaephil , Kim Guntae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFabricating perovskite oxide/carbon material composite catalysts is a widely accepted strategy to enhance oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR and OER) catalytic activities. Herein, synthesized, porous, perovskite‐type Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3‐δ hollow nanofibers (SSC‐HF) are hybridized with cross‐linked, 3D, N‐doped graphene (3DNG). This rationally designed hybrid catalyst, SSC‐HF‐3DNG (SSC‐HG), exhibits a remarkable enhancement in ORR/OER activity in alkaline media. The synergistic effects between SSC and 3DNG during their ORR and OER processes are firstly revealed by density functional theory calculations. It suggests that electron transport from 3DNG to O2 and SSC increases the activity of electrocatalytic reactions (ORR and OER) by activating O2, increasing the covalent bonding of lattice oxygen. This electron transfer–accelerated catalysis behavior in SSC‐HG will provide design guidelines for composites of perovskite and carbon with bifunctional catalysts.
Prospective challenges in the experimentation of the rain erosion on the leading edge of wind turbine blades
Authors: Bartolomé Luis , Teuwen Julie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDevelopments in the wind industry reveal intricate engineering challenges, one of them being the erosion on the leading edge of the wind turbine blades. In this review work, the main issues for the wind industry in the experimentation with respect to erosion are examined. After a historical and general overview of erosion, this review focuses on the rain erosion on the leading edge of the wind turbine blades giving prominence to (1) the rain simulations, (2) experimental erosion facilities, and (3) variables to characterise erosion. These three factors have to be improved to establish a research field enabling the prediction of erosion behaviour and providing useful information about how the rainfall affects the leading edge of the wind turbine blades. Moreover, these improvements in the experimentation of the erosion would be a first step to understand and predict the erosion damage of the wind turbine blades. Finally, this review work also will help to cope with experimental investigations and results in the rain erosion on the leading edge with a deeper critical thinking for future researchers.
An iterative regularizing method for an incomplete boundary data problem for the biharmonic equation
Authors: Chapko Roman , Johansson B. Tomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn incomplete boundary data problem for the biharmonic equation is considered, where the displacement is known throughout the boundary of the solution domain whilst the normal derivative and bending moment are specified on only a portion of the boundary. For this inverse ill‐posed problem an iterative regularizing method is proposed for the stable data reconstruction on the underspecified boundary part. Convergence is proven by showing that the method can be written as a Landweber‐type procedure for an operator formulation of the incomplete data problem. This reformulation renders a stopping rule, the discrepancy principle, for terminating the iterations in the case of noisy data. Uniqueness of a solution to the considered problem is also shown.
Massive vector multiplet with Dirac-Born-Infeld and new Fayet-Iliopoulos terms in supergravity
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Aldabergenov Yermek , Aoki Shuntaro , Ketov Sergei V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe propose a four-dimensionalN= 1 supergravity-based Starobinsky-type inflationary model in terms of a single massive vector multiplet, whose action includes the Dirac-Born-Infeld-type kinetic terms and a generalized (new) Fayet-Iliopoulos-type term, without gauging the R-symmetry. The bosonic action and the scalar potential are computed. The inflaton is the superpartner of the Goldstino in our model, and supersymmetry is spontaneously broken after inflation by the D-type mechanism, whose scale is related to the value of the cosmological constant.
Exploring the potential role of community engagement in evaluating clinical and translational science grant proposals
Authors: Treem Jeffrey W. , Schneider Margaret , Zender Robynn L. , Sorkin Dara H. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThis study explored the effects of integrating community members into the evaluation of clinical and translational science grants.MethodsThe University of California, Irvine Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (ICTS) engaged 21 community reviewers alongside scientific reviewers in a 2-stage process of evaluating research proposals. In Stage 1 reviewers scored proposals, and during Stage 2 two study sections convened: one a mix of community reviewers and scientific reviewers, and one only engaging scientific reviewers. In total, 4 studies were discussed by both study sections.ResultsComparisons of reviews revealed little difference between ratings of community reviewers and those of scientific reviewers, and that community reviewers largely refrained from critiquing scientific or technical aspects of proposals.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that involving community reviewers early in the grant cycle, and exposing them to the entirety of the review process, can bolster community engagement without compromising the rigor of grant evaluations.
When civilian control is civil: Parliamentary oversight of the military in Belgium and New Zealand
Authors: Lagassé Philippe , Saideman Stephen M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study introduces a new type of oversight in civil-military and executive-legislative relations:community policing. Building on principal-agent theory, this type of oversight emphasises trust rather than confrontation. To illustrate how community policing functions, the study examines how legislative oversight of military affairs operates in Belgium and New Zealand. Legislative defence committees in both countries rely on trust when overseeing the executive’s handling of defence affairs. This allows these committees to perform their oversight function at low cost in terms of time and effort, but with a high degree of access to information. Community policing therefore combines the strengths of recognised ‘police patrol’ and ‘fire alarm’ oversight, while avoiding their respective weaknesses. However, since it relies on a higher degree of trust and cooperation between the principal and agent, community policing is inherently fragile.
Epidemiology and risk factors for recurrent Staphylococcus aureus colonization following active surveillance and decolonization in the NICU
Authors: Akinboyo Ibukunoluwa C. , Voskertchian Annie , Gorfu Gezahegn , Betz Joshua F. , Ross Tracy L. , Carroll Karen C. , Milstone Aaron M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine neonatal risk factors associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus colonization and to determine the genetic relatedness of S. aureus strains cultured from neonates before and after decolonization.Study designSingle-center retrospective cohort study of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from April 2013 to December 2015, during which weekly nasal cultures from hospitalized NICU patients were routinely obtained for S. aureus surveillance.SettingJohns Hopkins Hospital’s 45-bed level IV NICU in Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsDemographics and clinical data were collected on all neonates admitted to the NICU with S. aureus nasal colonization who underwent mupirocin-based decolonization during the study period. A decolonized neonate was defined as a neonate with ≥1 negative culture after intranasal mupirocin treatment. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for strain typing.ResultsOf 2,060 infants screened for S. aureus, 271 (13%) were colonized, and 203 of these 271 (75%) received intranasal mupirocin. Of those treated, 162 (80%) had follow-up surveillance cultures, and 63 of these 162 infants (39%) developed recurrent colonization after treatment. The S. aureus strains were often genetically similar before and after decolonization. The presence of an endotracheal tube or nasal cannula/mask was associated with an increased risk of recurrent S. aureus colonization (hazard ratio [HR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–5.90; and HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.02–4.75, respectively).ConclusionStrains identified before and after decolonization were often genetically similar, and the presence of invasive respiratory devices increased the risk of recurrent S. aureus nasal colonization in neonates. To improve decolonization efficacy, alternative strategies may be needed.
Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in New York City: A model for collaboration
Authors: Guzik Joan , Patel Gopi , Kothari Pooja , Sharp Misha , Ostrowsky Belinda ,   the UHF Outpatient ASP Collaborative Team
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the status of antibiotic prescribing in the ambulatory setting for adult patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and to identify opportunities and barriers for outpatient antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs).DesignMixed methods including point prevalence using chart reviews, surveys, and collaborative learning.SettingHospital-owned clinics in the New York City area.Participants/PatientsIn total, 31 hospital-owned clinics from 9 hospitals and health systems participated in the study to assess ARI prescribing practices for patients >18 years old.InterventionsEach clinic performed a survey of current stewardship practices, retrospective chart reviews of prescribing in 30 randomly selected ARI patients from October 2015 to March 2016, and surveys of provider characteristics and knowledge. Clinics participated in collaborative learning with peers and experts in antibiotic stewardship and collected data from June 2016 to August 2016. Sites received data reports by individual clinic, aggregated by hospital, and were compared among participating clinics.ResultsFew sites had outpatient stewardship activities. The retrospective review of 1,004 ARI patients revealed that 37.3% of ARI patients received antibiotics, with significant variation in prescribing practices among sites (17.4%–71.0%; P<.001). Macrolides were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Most of the 302 respondents recognized the need for tools to assist in prescribing.ConclusionsThis collaborative study establishes a baseline assessment of the status of outpatient ASPs in New York City. It provides hospitals, health systems, and individual clinics with specific data to inform their development of stewardship interventions targeting ARIs.
Breaking of modulated wave groups: kinematics and energy dissipation processes
Authors: De Vita Francesco , Verzicco Roberto , Iafrati Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

The two-dimensional flow induced by the breaking of modulated wave trains is numerically investigated using the open source software Gerris (Popinet, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 190, 2003, pp. 572–600; J. Comput. Phys., vol. 228, 2009, pp. 5838–5866. The two-phase flow is modelled by the Navier–Stokes equations for a single fluid with variable density and viscosity, coupled with a volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique for the capturing of the interface dynamics. The breaking is induced through the Benjamin–Feir mechanism, by adding two sideband disturbances to a fundamental wave component. The evolution of the wave system is simulated starting from the initial condition until the end of the breaking process, and the role played by the initial wave steepness is investigated. As already noted in previous studies as well as in field observations, it is found that the breaking is recurrent and several breaking events are needed before the breaking process finally ceases. The down-shifting of the fundamental component to the lower sideband is made irreversible by the breaking. At the end of the breaking process the magnitude of the lower sideband component is approximately 80 % of the initial value of the fundamental one. The time histories of the energy content in water and the energy dissipation are analysed. The whole breaking process dissipates a fraction of between twenty and twenty-five per cent of the pre-breaking energy content, independently of the initial steepness. The energy contents of the different waves of the group are evaluated and it is found that after the breaking, the energy of the most energetic wave of the group decays as

$t^{-1}$

.
Control of flow around a cylinder by rotary oscillations at a high subcritical Reynolds number
Authors: Palkin E. , Hadžiabdić M. , Mullyadzhanov R. , Hanjalić K. 
Published: September 2018

We report on a numerical study of the vortex structure modifications and drag reduction in a flow over a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder at a high subcritical Reynolds number,

$Re=1.4\times 10^{5}$

. Considered are eight forcing frequencies

$f=f_{e}/f_{0}=0.5$

,

$1$

,

$1.5$

,

$2$

,

$2.5$

,

$3$

,

$4$

,

$5$

and three forcing amplitudes

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{e}D/2U_{\infty }=1$

,

$2$

,

$3$

, non-dimensionalized with

$f_{0}$

, which is the natural vortex-shedding frequency without forcing,

$U_{\infty }$

the free-stream velocity,

$D$

the diameter of the cylinder. In order to perform a parametric study of a large number of cases (

$24$

in total) with affordable computational resources, the three-dimensional unsteady computations were performed using a wall-integrated (WIN) second-moment (Reynolds-stress) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence closure, verified and validated by a dynamic large-eddy simulations (LES) for selected cases (

$f=2.5$

,

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}=2$

and

$f=4$

,

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}=2$

), as well as by the earlier LES and experiments of the flow over a stagnant cylinder at the same

$Re$

number described in Palkin et al. (Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 97 (4), 2016, pp. 1017–1046). The drag reduction was detected at frequencies equal to and larger than

$f=2.5$

, while no reduction was observed for the cylinder subjected to oscillations with the natural frequency, even with very different values of the rotation amplitude. The maximum reduction of the drag coefficient is 88 % for the highest tested frequency

$f=5$

and amplitude

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}=2$

. However, a significant reduction of 78 % appears with the increase of

$f$

already for

$f=2.5$

and

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}=2$

. Such a dramatic reduction in the drag coefficient is the consequence of restructuring of the vortex-shedding topology and a markedly different pressure field featured by a shrinking of the low pressure region behind the cylinder, all dictated by the rotary oscillation. Despite the need to expend energy to force cylinder oscillations, the considered drag reduction mechanism seems a feasible practical option for drag control in some applications for

$Re>10^{4}$

, since the calculated power expenditure for cylinder oscillation under realistic scenarios is several times smaller than the power saved by the drag reduction.