bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toroidal torques due to n = 1 magnetic perturbations in ITER baseline scenario
Authors: LI 李 Jingwei 经纬 , LI 李 Li 莉 , LIU 刘 Yueqiang 钺强 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , WANG 王 Yanfei 燕飞 , TIAN 田 Lu 璐 , LIU 刘 Zhongqing 仲庆 , ZHONG 钟 Fangchuan 方川 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Toroidal torques, generated by the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and acting on the plasma column, are numerically systematically investigated for an ITER baseline scenario. The neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV), in particular the resonant portion, is found to provide the dominant contribution to the total toroidal torque under the slow plasma flow regime in ITER. While the electromagnetic torque always opposes the plasma flow, the toroidal torque associated with the Reynolds stress enhances the plasma flow independent of the flow direction. A peculiar double-peak structure for the net NTV torque is robustly computed for ITER, as the toroidal rotation frequency is scanned near the zero value. This structure is found to be ultimately due to a non-monotonic behavior of the wave-particle resonance integral (over the particle pitch angle) in the superbanana plateau NTV regime in ITER. These findings are qualitatively insensitive to variations of a range of factors including the wall resistivity, the plasma pedestal flow and the assumed frequency of the rotating RMP field.
Electrical conductivity of warm dense hydrogen from ohm’s law and time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Ramakrishna Kushal , Lokamani Mani , Cangi Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding the electrical conductivity of warm dense hydrogen is critical for both fundamental physics and applications in planetary science and inertial confinement fusion. We demonstrate how to calculate the electrical conductivity using the continuum form of Ohm’s law, with the current density obtained from real-time time-dependent density functional theory. This approach simulates the dynamic response of hydrogen under warm dense matter conditions, with temperatures around 30 000 K and mass densities ranging from 0.02 to 0.98 g cm−3. We systematically address finite-size errors in real-time time-dependent density functional theory, demonstrating that our calculations are both numerically feasible and reliable. Our results show good agreement with other approaches, highlighting the effectiveness of this method for modeling electronic transport properties from ambient to extreme conditions.
Class and Inequality in China and India, 1950–2010
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Taking a long-term perspective, China and India were central to the world economy 250 years ago—they contributed half of the entire world output then, and they have become important again (they contribute close to a quarter of the world output now) after a long gap—in 1950, they contributed only about one-tenth. This book sets up a comparative analysis of the inequality stories of China and India between 1950 and 2010. By comparing inequality dynamics in both countries, it also contributes to the literature on the comparative method and the literature that has emerged over the last several decades comparing China and India. Indian and Chinese experiences with growth and inequality have a strikingly similar trajectory after Indian independence (in 1947) and the Chinese revolution (in 1949), although China has succeeded in achieving higher growth and output between 1950 and present. This book also provides explanations for why this is the case. Second, it provides a fresh perspective on growth and inequality by analyzing inequality from a class dimension. Surprisingly, in the Indian and Chinese inequality literature, while there is a lot of focus on other axes (rural–urban, regional, national), a class perspective has not received the attention it deserves. Third, it locates inequality in these countries in the larger contexts of Asian and global capitalism, demonstrating mutual connections. Fourth, this book provides an understanding of within-country economic inequality dynamics, building on the insights of Simon Kuznets and Thomas Piketty.
Inequality Patterns during the Post-Mao Period in China
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
After the turbulence of the 1976–78 period, the Deng Xiaoping-led Chinese regime began to unravel the egalitarian imperative of the Mao regime. Rural communes were restructured to give individual households use rights over land. There was a redirecting of capital and investments to the coastal and erstwhile advanced provinces of China. Between 1979 and 1988, large special economic zones were created mostly in coastal regions that have since become models of the Chinese growth process. While urban land ownership still rests with the state, privatization of the built environment (housing and productive assets) has proceeded at a breakneck pace. During the 1978–2010 period, overall inequality levels rose sharply in China. Inequality patterns along the rural–urban axis, regional axis, and along different household sources of income are presented in detail in this chapter with a focus on the post-1988 period, when detailed data are available to discuss various patterns of inequality.
Class and Inequality in Post-Mao China
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
According to the literature on the great retreat from equality in China, inequality increases in China since the 1980s stem from three broad sources. First, there has been a rapid widening of the rural–urban gap. Second, there has been a significant increase in inter-regional inequality. Third, there has been a gradual rise in within-urban inequality. The literature has offered explanations for each of these trends. However, the major absence in the literature is an emphasis on class. This gap needs to be addressed because urban China in particular has increasingly acquired a class character, and this needs to be more explicitly acknowledged. This chapter is an attempt to address this gap while also narrating the story of inequality in China after 1978. Of all the axes of inequality, this chapter also shows that the most compelling one to understand Chinese inequality after 1980s is class.
Connexin 43 hemichannels and related diseases
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Acosta Francisca M , Jiang Jean X 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) protein forms hemichannels (connexons) and gap junctions, with hemichannels consisting of six Cx43 molecules and gap junctions formed by two hemichannels. While gap junctions are prevalent in organs like the heart and liver, hemichannels are found in specific cell types, such as astrocytes and osteocytes. They allow the passage of small molecules (&lt;1.5 kDa) between the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. Cx43 hemichannels have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in various diseases, including central nervous system disorders, bone-related diseases, diabetic complications, wound healing, and cancers. Aberrant hemichannel opening can worsen conditions by releasing inflammatory elements, such as causing gliosis in neuronal cells. Conversely, functional hemichannels may inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis. Recent studies are revealing new mechanisms of Cx43 hemichannels, broadening their therapeutic applications and highlighting the importance of regulating their activity for improved disease outcomes.
Modifiable dementia risk associated with smaller white matter volume and altered 1/f aperiodic brain activity: cross-sectional insights from the LEISURE study
Authors: Pace Thomas , Levenstein Jacob M , Anijärv Toomas E , Campbell Alicia J , Treacy Ciara , Hermens Daniel F , Andrews Sophie C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The rising prevalence of dementia necessitates identifying early neurobiological markers of dementia risk. Reduced cerebral white matter volume and flattening of the slope of the electrophysiological 1/f spectral power distribution provide neurobiological markers of brain ageing alongside cognitive decline. However, their association with modifiable dementia risk remains to be understood.

Methods
A cross-sectional sample of 98 healthy older adults (79 females, mean age = 65.44) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), cognitive assessments and dementia risk scoring using the CogDrisk framework. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were conducted to investigate the relationships between modifiable dementia risk and sMRI brain volumes, the exponent of EEG 1/f spectral power, and cognition, whilst controlling for non-modifiable factors.

Results
Smaller global white matter volume (F(1,87) = 6.884, R2 = 0.073, P = .010), and not grey (F(1,87) = 0.540, R2 = 0.006, P = .468) or ventricle volume (F(1,87) = 0.087, R2 = 0.001, P = .769), was associated with higher modifiable dementia risk. A lower exponent, reflecting a flatter 1/f spectral power distribution, was associated with higher dementia risk at frontal (F(1,92) = 4.096, R2 = 0.043, P = .046) but not temporal regions. No significant associations were found between cognitive performance and dementia risk. In multivariate analyses, both white matter volume and the exponent of the 1/f spectral power distribution independently associated with dementia risk.

Conclusions
Structural and functional neurobiological markers of early brain ageing, but not cognitive function, are independently associated with modifiable dementia risk in healthy older adults.
Factors impacting tumor displacement artifact and pseudo–lymphovascular invasion in testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Ahmed Reem O , Zynger Debra L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Testicular germ cell tumors are susceptible to tumor displacement artifact (TDA), which produces pseudo-lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and confounds the identification of true LVI. Our study aimed to evaluate tumor displacement artifact and pseudo-LVI in testicular germ cell tumors and determine if prolonged fixation improves histological quality.

Methods
A retrospective search identified 121 orchiectomies with slides that were reviewed to assess TDA and pseudo-LVI.

Results
Seminoma had more TDA (68% vs 45%, P = .01) and pseudo-LVI (53% vs 19%, P &lt; .001) than mixed germ cell tumor. Seminoma and mixed germ cell tumor with TDA and pseudo-LVI were larger than those without. Mixed germ cell tumor with ≥50% composition of seminoma had a higher rate of TDA (89% vs 38%, P = .008) and pseudo-LVI (44% vs 15%, P = .06) than those with less. TDA was reduced in seminoma with &gt;1 night fixation compared to no fixation (50% vs 82%, P = .046), with a similar trend in mixed germ cell tumor (31% vs 60%, P = .15). A trend in reduction of pseudo-LVI was seen with &gt;1 night fixation compared to no fixation in seminoma (64% vs 39%, P = .12).

Conclusions
Seminomas and larger germ cell tumors were more prone to TDA and pseudo-LVI. Prolonged formalin fixation improved histological quality in testicular germ cell tumors. Based on these data, we recommend fixation for at least 2 nights before sectioning orchiectomy specimens, particularly for larger tumors.
Hazardous alcohol consumption across different industries in Sweden: a pooled cross-sectional study
Authors: Thern Emelie , Blindow Katrina J , Jonsson Erica , Brulin Emma , Landberg Jonas , Bodin Theo , Elling Devy L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim
The current study aims to (i) examine differences in hazardous alcohol consumption across different industries in Sweden and (ii) assess to what degree any such difference can be attributed to a differential distribution of nicotine use, health, and work environments among individuals working in these industries.

Methods
A pooled cross-sectional study was conducted including all participants of the survey of Health, Work Environment, and Lifestyle Habits between 2012 and 2023 (n = 54 378), collected by an occupational health service company (Feelgood). The survey contained self-reported information on alcohol use, industry, nicotine use, health, and work environment. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained by pooled logistic regression analyses.

Results
Hazardous alcohol use was highly prevalent in the current study population (37%), especially among individuals in the accommodation/food service, arts/entertainment/recreation, and the construction industry. Compared to individuals working in education, individuals in these industries had &gt;1.6-fold increased odds of reporting hazardous alcohol consumption. Differences in nicotine use and physical work environment between the industries explained some of the differences in hazardous alcohol consumption between industries, while differences in health and psychosocial work environment had limited effects on the estimates.

Conclusion
We identified several industries in the Swedish workforce where hazardous alcohol use is highly prevalent. While differences in nicotine use, health, and work environment explained a part of these risk differences, most of the risk differences remained.
scTCA: a hybrid Transformer-CNN architecture for imputation and denoising of scDNA-seq data
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Liu Furui , Li Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) has been widely used to unmask tumor copy number alterations (CNAs) at single-cell resolution. Despite that arm-level CNAs can be accurately detected from single-cell read counts, it is difficult to precisely identify focal CNAs as the read counts are featured with high dimensionality, high sparsity and low signal-to-noise ratio. This gives rise to a desperate demand for reconstructing high-quality scDNA-seq data. We develop a new method called scTCA for imputation and denoising of single-cell read counts, thus aiding in downstream analysis of both arm-level and focal CNAs. scTCA employs hybrid Transformer-CNN architectures to identify local and non-local correlations between genes for precise recovery of the read counts. Unlike conventional Transformers, the Transformer block in scTCA is a two-stage attention module containing a stepwise self-attention layer and a window Transformer, and can efficiently deal with the high-dimensional read counts data. We showcase the superior performance of scTCA through comparison with the state-of-the-arts on both synthetic and real datasets. The results indicate it is highly effective in imputation and denoising of scDNA-seq data.
Dietary exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for 6 months alters markers of female reproductive aging in mice
Authors: Santacruz-Márquez Ramsés , Safar Adira M , Laws Mary J , Fletcher Endia J , Meling Daryl D , Nowak Romana A , Raetzman Lori T , Flaws Jodi A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The female reproductive system ages before any other physiological system, making it a sensitive indicator of aging. Early reproductive aging is associated with the early onset of infertility and an increased risk of several diseases. During aging, systemic and reproductive oxidative stress and inflammation levels increase through inflammasome activation, leading to ovarian follicle loss. Other markers of reproductive aging include increased fibrosis and shortening of telomeres in ovarian cells. The factors that accelerate reproductive aging are unclear, but likely involve exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used phthalate and humans are exposed to it daily. Several studies show that DEHP induces reproductive toxicity by affecting estrous cyclicity, follicle numbers, and hormone levels. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying DEHP-induced early onset of reproductive aging. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that dietary exposure to DEHP induces early reproductive aging by affecting inflammation, fibrosis, and the expression of telomere regulators and antioxidant enzymes. Adult CD-1 female mice were exposed to vehicle (corn oil) or DEHP (0.5, 1.5, or 1500 ppm) via the chow for 6 months. Exposure to DEHP increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes and Caspase 3, increased expression of telomere-associated genes, and increased fibrosis levels in the ovary. In addition, DEHP exposure for 6 months altered ovarian and systemic inflammatory status. Collectively, our novel data suggest that 6-month dietary exposure to DEHP may accelerate reproductive aging by affecting several reproductive aging markers in female mice.
The phase diagram of kernel interpolation in large dimensions
Authors: Zhang Haobo , Lu Weihao , Lin Qian 
Published: November 2024

Summary
The generalization ability of kernel interpolation in large dimensions, ie, $ n\asymp d^{\gamma} $ for some $ \gamma \gt 0 $, could be one of the most interesting problems in the recent renaissance of kernel regression, since it may help us understand the so-called benign overfitting phenomenon reported in the neural networks literature. Focusing on the inner product kernel on the unit sphere, we fully characterize the exact order of both the variance and the bias of large-dimensional kernel interpolation under various source conditions $ s\geqslant 0 $. Consequently, we obtain the $ (s,\gamma) $ phase diagram of large-dimensional kernel interpolation, ie, we determine the regions in the $ (s,\gamma) $ plane where the kernel interpolation is minimax optimal, suboptimal and inconsistent.
What is the nature and impact of workplace friendships within child protection social work? Implications for emotional support, professional learning, job satisfaction and worker wellbeing
Authors: Murphy Ciarán , Bedford Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stakeholders continue to express concern about the state of crisis facing the UK’s social work workforce, with statutory children’s services being an area causing particular apprehension. Here, high sickness and vacancy rates, and large agency costs are consistently being linked with poor working conditions, inadequate resources, limited time with children, and practitioners reporting a poor sense of ‘work-life balance’. Whilst suggested reforms have focussed on reducing workloads, improved investment of resources, enhanced supervision and managerial support, reputational enhancement, and safer staffing levels, there has been limited research into the impact of workplace friendships, nor their role in mitigating for different sources of job stress. This article seeks to address this knowledge gap. It reports on the findings of a qualitative study with twenty-five child protection social workers. Implications that emerge are of the role that workplace friendships play in providing emotional support and a source for professional learning amongst social workers—and that this can help mitigate for sources of job stress and burnout; their positive impact on job satisfaction, worker wellbeing and practitioners’ propensity to remain in the role; and the importance of working environments that promote close contact and proximity between work colleagues of different levels of experience.
Effects of dimethyl itaconate on expressions of NGFI-A and NGFI-B and inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord in the formalin test
Authors: Rahimi Kaveh , Abbaszadeh Mohammad , Bakhtazad Sharareh , Ghotbeddin Zohreh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neural sensitization can cause neuroinflammation, which is a type of inflammation that occurs in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) on the expression of NGFI-A and NGFI-B and inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord in the formalin test. The rats were divided into five groups: control, formalin, DMI 10 mg/kg + formalin, DMI 20 mg/kg + formalin and diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg + formalin. We evaluated the impact of DMI on the spinal cords NGFI-A and NGFI-B expressions and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)]. The findings indicate that DMI 10, DMI 20 and diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg can relieve pain in rats during the formalin test. In addition, these substances were found to reduce the expression of NGFI-A and NGFI-B in the spinal cord. Moreover, DMI 10, DMI 20 and diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg were observed to increase the expression of IL-10 while decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the spinal cord when compared with the formalin group. We have found that administering DMI can alleviate pain in rats during formalin test. Through our research, we have observed that DMI decreases the expression of NGFI-A and NGFI-B in the spinal cord. Furthermore, DMI has been shown to increase the levels of IL-10 while decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the spinal cord.
Establishing a new-onset diabetes-related metabolism signature for predicting the prognosis and immune landscape in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Yilei , Liu Luyao , Cui Haochen , Cheng Bin , Peng Wang , Wang Ronghua , Wang Jinlin , Chen Wei , Cao Mengdie , Li Yanling , Liang Jingwen , Chen Shiru , Bai Shuya , Zhao Yuchong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
New-onset diabetes (NOD) is a common condition among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and is related to poor clinical outcomes. The potential impact of NOD on PAAD progression and the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we revealed that NOD in PAAD was associated with metabolic disorders. Utilizing three machine-learning algorithms, an NOD-related metabolism signature (NRMS) was established. Validated in three independent cohorts, patients with a high NRMS score exhibited a worse prognosis. Moreover, an elevated NRMS score was associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment and diminished response to immunotherapy. Further experiments demonstrated that ALDH3A1, a key feature in NRMS, was significantly upregulated in tissues from PAAD patients with NOD and played a crucial role in tumor progression and immune suppression. Our findings highlight the potential of NRMS as a prognostic biomarker and an indicator of immunotherapy response for patients with PAAD.
Coeliac disease risk doubles in patients with alopecia areata: a nationwide case–control study
Authors: Wohl Yonit , Mashiah Jacob , Drutin Yarden , Ben-Tov Amir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) and coeliac disease (CD) are both common immune-mediated diseases. Despite increasing evidence of bidirectional associations between the two diseases, the data remain unclear and inconsistent. Here, we explored the association between AA and CD in a large representative population cohort. Patients diagnosed with AA between 2005 and 2019 were compared with age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls for coeliac autoimmunity. In total, 33 401 patients with AA and 66 802 controls were included in the analysis. Overall, 754 patients (0.75%) had CD. Compared with controls, CD prevalence was twofold higher among patients with AA (1.1% vs. 0.6%, odds ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.69–2.25). A higher prevalence of CD was observed in patients with AA among all age groups, with the highest risk in patients with AA who were aged 40 years or more. AA may be associated with a significantly increased risk of CD, suggesting the need for early diagnostic and preventive measures.