bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Model of Maleic Anhydride Grafting onto Poly(Propylene Carbonate) during Melt Compounding
Authors: Calderón Bárbara A. , Bauer Michel E. , Thompson Conor W. , Sobkowicz Margaret J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe functionalization of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) by means of both free radical and esterification grafting of Maleic anhydride (MAH) aided by a peroxide is simulated by means of a kinetic model. The amount of MAH grafted (Ag) measured from batch mixer trials shows good agreement with the simulated results. Sensitivity analysis of the different rate constants shows that peroxide decomposition is the factor that drives the reaction, meaning that the choice of initiator affects greatly the reaction conversion. The next most dominant reaction is the chain ends esterification. There is a competing effect between chain initiation and side reactions, however, chain initiation is slightly more dominant than the latter. It is also found that higher content of peroxide induces higher Ag. The amount of MAH has a lower impact on Ag at low peroxide concentration; however, it becomes more influential in the presence of more peroxide.
E. E. Just's broad, yet hidden, influence on modern cell and developmental biology
Authors: Byrnes W. Malcolm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis year, 2019, marks the centennial of embryologist E. E. Just's discovery of what is known as the fast block to polyspermy. Just's observation of the subtle changes that occur at the egg's surface during fertilization (and in experimental parthenogenesis) led him to postulate that the egg, and indeed every cell, possesses a property he called independent irritability, which represents the cell's ability to respond in a physiologically‐relevant way to a variety of signals or triggers. In this paper, I argue that Just's concept of independent irritability informed his contemporary Johannes Holtfreter as Holtfreter attempted to explain the phenomena of embryonic induction and competence and that Holtfreter, in turn, influenced Marc Kirschner and John Gerhart in their formulation of the theory of facilitated variation. Just's influence is especially evident in Gerhart and Kirschner's presentations of what they call weak linkage—a property of living systems that allows core processes and components to be mixed and matched in different ways to generate novel traits. Unfortunately, the connection between Holtfreter's work and Just's has remained hidden. This paper gives examples of phenomena that exhibit weak linkage, and it lays out the case that Just's concept of independent irritability, through Holtfreter, Gerhart, and Kirschner, has broadly infiltrated modern cell and developmental biology.
A Novel Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Sequential Detection of Aluminium Ion and PPi and Bioimaging in Living Cells
Authors: Luo Xiaohan , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Yong , Xie Xinmei , Yang Li 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have successfully synthesized a novel probe HL by condensation reaction of acetophenone with 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde derivative and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. The probe HL displayed highly selective and sensitive fluorescence “turn on” response as well as naked‐eye color change towards Al3+ in the presence of other competing cations in DMF‐HEPES (5:1, v/v, 10 mM, pH=7.2). The binding mechanisms have been explored though Job's plot, HRMS, 1H NMR and theoretical calculations, which was ascribed to photoinduced electron transfer process (PET) and chelation‐enhanced fluorescence mechanism (CHEF). The ensemble HL‐Al3+ displayed high selectivity to PPi (P2O74−, pyrophosphate) through pulling out Al3+ and releasing free probe HL in physiological conditions. The sensing process was reversible. Furthermore, the cells imaging experiences showed that probe HL could be use as relay on detection of Al3+ and PPi in living PC12 cells.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Amyloid‐β Aggregation Inhibitors
Authors: Oliveri Valentina , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe presence of extracellular amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Appropriately functionalized compounds can modulate amyloidogenesis. Here, we report a new class of cyclodextrin (CyD) derivatives rationally designed to improve the Aβ recognition and to modulate its aggregation. In particular, a dimethylamino aromatic moiety was conjugated to βCyD or γCyD to explore how different structural aspects of these derivatives could influence the recognition and the aggregation of Aβ. The conjugation of the Aβ recognition moiety to CyDs resulted in a significant suppression of the self‐assembly propensity of Aβ when the dimethylamino aromatic moiety was attached to the upper rim of βCyD. The activity of the derivatives toward Aβ confirms that the conjugation of CyDs with Aβ recognition moieties may be considered a promising approach for designing new molecules that interfere with Aβ aggregation.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on the 7‐Hydroxy‐4‐Methylcoumarin Synthesis with H‐Beta Zeolite
Authors: Klinyod Sorasak , Boekfa Bundet , Pornsatitworakul Suwapich , Maihom Thana , Jarussophon Nongpanga , Treesukol Piti , Wattanakit Chularat , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoumarin is an important chemical in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. This work studied the synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin via the Pechmann condensation reaction catalyzed by H‐Beta zeolite catalyst using a combination of experimental and theoretical means. Adsorptions and reactions taking place inside the 34T cluster (T=Si or Al atoms) of H‐Beta zeolite were examined by using density functional theory with the M06‐2X functional. The coumarin synthesis reaction was proposed to be a three‐step mechanism: the transesterification, the intramolecular hydroxyalkylation and the dehydration. The total activation energies for each step were calculated to be 17.8, 3.5 and 13.5 kcal⋅mol−1, respectively. The zeolite framework stabilized the adsorption complexes and decreased the activation barriers for the Pechmann condensation reaction. The synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin from resorcinol and ethyl acetoacetate on H‐Beta zeolite was experimentally examined without solvent at various conditions. The adsorption of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin on H‐Beta zeolite was detected by the FT‐IR spectroscopy technique. The experimental activation energy of 6.7 kcal⋅mol−1 agreed very well with the calculated apparent value of 10.6 kcal⋅mol−1. The H‐Beta zeolite can be reused at least four times with persistently high percent yield.
Lanthanide (III) Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Syntheses, Structures and Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Ghosh Shankhamala , De Adhikari Amrita , Nath Jyotishka , Nayak Ganesh C. , Nayek Hari Pada 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree new lanthanide‐MOFs, [(TATMB)2Ce2⋅3DMSO‐H2O]⋅7H2O (MOF−Ce), [(TATMB)2Pr2⋅4DMSO]⋅7H2O⋅DMF (MOF−Pr) and [(TATMB)2Nd2⋅3DMSO⋅H2O]⋅6H2O (MOF−Nd) were synthesized by the reaction of hydrated lanthanide salts and 3,3′,3′′‐((1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(azanediyl))tribenzoic acid (H3TATMB) under solvothermal reaction condition. All MOFs were characterized by standard instrumentation techniques, for example, FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, etc. The solid‐state structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. It revealed that all MOFs formed two‐dimensional frameworks by the coordination assisted pathway of ligand molecules and lanthanide(III) ions. All MOFs were investigated as supercapacitor electrode material by using the conventional three‐electrode method by using TEABF4 in acetonitrile as electrolyte. It was observed that MOF−Ce exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 572 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 among all three MOFs. The specific capacitance retention of the material was found to be 81% after successful completion of 5000 charging‐discharging cycles. To the best of our knowledge, the specific capacitance of MOF−Ce is highest reported for lanthanide MOFs without any redox‐active additive until now. Moreover, for the first time, MOF−Ce has been used to fabricate a device, which exhibited significant responses for various LED lights and showed a maximum specific capacitance of 88 Fg−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1.
Children's Literature as Fun‐House Mirrors, Blind Spots, and Curtains
Authors: Gultekin Mehmet , May Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe authors describe how Middle Eastern Muslims are represented in a text set of award‐winning picture books. Most were written by authors with outsider perspectives who wrote about (a) antiquated times and practices and (b) war‐stricken countries and dangerous journeys. Although most of the books are not problematic on their own, the large number of the same two stories obstruct many other Middle Eastern Muslim representations, creating blind spots for readers. Authentic books about authors’ beliefs, stories remembered from childhood, and connections between the Middle East and the West are also present, although to a much smaller extent. These themes are described and titles listed for classroom use. Ultimately, although children's literature offers the potential to validate readers’ communities and teach about others, it can also create barriers to understanding by only sharing partial stories, obscuring some stories by overrepresenting others, and revealing information that should not be shared.
JOIN trial: treatment outcome and recovery status of peripheral sensory neuropathy during a 3-year follow-up in patients receiving modified FOLFOX6 as adjuvant treatment for stage II/III colon cancer
Authors: Yoshino Takayuki , Kotaka Masahito , Shinozaki Katsunori , Touyama Tetsuo , Manaka Dai , Matsui Takanori , Ishigure Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Junichi , Inoue Keiji , Munemoto Yoshinori , Takagane Akinori , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ishida Hideyuki , Ogata Yutaka , Oba Koji , Goto Koichi , Sakamoto Junichi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Ohtsu Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Adjuvant FOLFOX therapy is an established standard-of-care for resected colon cancer. Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) is regarded as the major toxicity issue related to FOLFOX therapy. There have been a few reports on the recovery status from PSN thereafter. JOIN trial investigated the tolerability and efficacy of adjuvant modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) in Japanese patients with stage II/III colon cancer.

Methods
Twelve cycles of mFOLFOX6 were given to patients with stage II/III curatively resected colon cancer. Treatment outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and recovery status of PSN during 3-year follow-up, were investigated.

Results
Of the 882 patients enrolled from 2010 to 2012, 864 were eligible for the efficacy analyses. Three-year DFS, RFS, and OS were favorable in 92.1, 92.8, and 97.4% of stage II patients; 76.4, 77.9, and 93.8% of stage IIIA/B; and 61.6, 62.7, and 85.9% of stage IIIC, respectively. The cumulative incidence of PSN during treatment was 47.8% in grade 1 (G1), 30.3% in G2, and 5.8% in G3. For those with G3 PSN during treatment, there was gradual recovery in 1.1% of patients at 12 months after enrollment, 0.5% at 24 months, and 0.2% at 36 months. However, G1 or G2 residual PSN after 3 years was observed in 21.0% (18.7%, G1; 2.3%, G2).

Conclusions
Adjuvant mFOLFOX6 therapy was effective and well tolerated in patients with stage II/III colon cancer. Most patients recovered from G3 PSN related to oxaliplatin, but approximately 20% of patients had G1 or G2 PSN at 3-year follow-up.
Monitoring online biomass with a capacitance sensor during scale-up of industrially relevant CHO cell culture fed-batch processes in single-use bioreactors
Authors: Metze S. , Ruhl S. , Greller G. , Grimm C. , Scholz J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In 2004, the FDA published a guideline to implement process analytical technologies (PAT) in biopharmaceutical processes for process monitoring to gain process understanding and for the control of important process parameters. Viable cell concentration (VCC) is one of the most important key performance indicator (KPI) during mammalian cell cultivation processes. Commonly, this is measured offline. In this work, we demonstrated the comparability and scalability of linear regression models derived from online capacitance measurements. The linear regressions were used to predict the VCC and other familiar offline biomass indicators, like the viable cell volume (VCV) and the wet cell weight (WCW), in two different industrially relevant CHO cell culture processes (Process A and Process B). Therefore, different single-use bioreactor scales (50–2000 L) were used to prove feasibility and scalability of the in-line sensor integration. Coefficient of determinations of 0.79 for Process A and 0.99 for Process B for the WCW were achieved. The VCV was described with high coefficients of determination of 0.96 (Process A) and 0.98 (Process B), respectively. In agreement with other work from the literature, the VCC was only described within the exponential growth phase, but resulting in excellent coefficients of determination of 0.99 (Process A) and 0.96 (Process B), respectively. Monitoring these KPIs online using linear regression models appeared to be scale-independent, enabled deeper process understanding (e.g. here demonstrated in monitoring, the feeding profile) and showed the potential of this method for process control.
Internal Fractures After Blasting Confined Rock and Mortar Cylinders
Authors: Kukolj Ivan , Oberdorfer Bernd , Ouchterlony Finn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Blast-induced fines in rock negatively influence multiple aspects of raw-mineral sustainability. The Austrian Science Fund (FWF) sponsored a project to investigate the cause of the fines by studying blast fragmentation through small-scale blast tests and numerical simulations. The paper covers the experimental part of the project focusing on internal blast-induced fracturing and related mechanisms. The blast tests were done by blast-loading confined granite and mortar cylinders. The blast-driven dynamic cracking at the end face of the cylinder opposite to the initiation point was filmed with a high-speed camera. Following analyses covered internal crack patterns, fracture surfaces, and sieving of the blasted cylinders to quantify the amount of fine material created. The internal crack patterns and fracture surfaces were analysed by means of computer tomography (CT) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). The CT scans show that the amount of explosive charge affects the changing of the topological features of the crack patterns along the cylinder. They also depict different deformation zones around the blast-hole wall with respect to the blasted material and the amount of charge. Although fracture surfaces of larger fragments do not clearly differ in measured roughness and curvature, the SEM scans of smaller fragments show clear difference in fracture surfaces with respect to the blasted material and the amount of charge. SEM scans of thin sections extracted from the blasted cylinders show different fracture features that could be related to the branching/merging mechanism.
Presumptuous aim attribution, conformity, and the ethics of artificial social cognition
Authors: King Owen C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Imagine you are casually browsing an online bookstore, looking for an interesting novel. Suppose the store predicts you will want to buy a particular novel: the one most chosen by people of your same age, gender, location, and occupational status. The store recommends the book, it appeals to you, and so you choose it. Central to this scenario is an automated prediction of what you desire. This article raises moral concerns about such predictions. More generally, this article examines the ethics of artificial social cognition—the ethical dimensions of attribution of mental states to humans by artificial systems. The focus is presumptuous aim attributions, which are defined here as aim attributions based crucially on the premise that the person in question will have aims like superficially similar people. Several everyday examples demonstrate that this sort of presumptuousness is already a familiar moral concern. The scope of this moral concern is extended by new technologies. In particular, recommender systems based on collaborative filtering are now commonly used to automatically recommend products and information to humans. Examination of these systems demonstrates that they naturally attribute aims presumptuously. This article presents two reservations about the widespread adoption of such systems. First, the severity of our antecedent moral concern about presumptuousness increases when aim attribution processes are automated and accelerated. Second, a foreseeable consequence of reliance on these systems is an unwarranted inducement of interpersonal conformity.
Studies on Bhartṛhari and the Pratyabhijñā: Language, Knowledge and Consciousness
Authors: Ferrante Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article examines the impact the grammarian/philosopher Bhartṛhari (460–510) had on the way the ‘School of Recognition’ (Pratyabhijñā, tenth/eleventh c. CE) elaborated the notion that knowledge and consciousness have a close relationship with language. The paper first lays out Bhartṛhari’s ideas, showing that his theses are rationally defensible and philosophically refined. More specifically, it claims that the grammarian is defending a view which is in many respects similar to ‘higher-order theories’ of consciousness advanced by some contemporary philosophers of mind. In the second part, the paper shows how Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta adopted Bhartṛhari’s scheme without significant alteration.
Coping with Work Stressors and Paving the Way for Flow: Challenge and Hindrance Demands, Humor, and Cynicism
Authors: van Oortmerssen Lise A. , Caniëls Marjolein C. J. , van Assen Marcel F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although the concept of flow at work is increasingly receiving scholarly attention, knowledge about the interaction between challenge and hindrance stress demands in the context of flow is still lacking. Moreover, little is known about the stress-relieving capacity of coping mechanisms in connection to work-related flow. The aim of our study is to investigate whether and how challenge stress demands are related to work-related flow, and whether this relationship is moderated by a three-way interaction between challenge stress demands × hindrance stress demands × use of humor/cynicism. For this study we use survey data from 265 employees of a financial service organization in the Netherlands. Results clearly indicate a positive linear association between challenge demands and work-related flow and a negative association between hindrance demands and flow. Support is found for an interaction effect between challenge and hindrance stress demands, showing that hindrance demands weaken the positive association between challenge demands and work-related flow. Finally, cynicism is found to alter this relationship between work stress demands and work-related flow, increasing the negative effect of hindrance demands and confirming the expected three-way interaction. Results from this study have implications for the theory on work-related flow and advance the challenge-hindrance stressors framework. Insights from this study suggest that managers who wish to foster work-related flow should be alert to the use of cynicism among employees and address organizational issues that cultivate the negative attitude underlying this.
On Stochastic Investigation of Flow Problems Using the Viscous Burgers’ Equation as an Example
Authors: Wahlsten Markus , Nordström Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider a stochastic analysis of non-linear viscous fluid flow problems with smooth and sharp gradients in stochastic space. As a representative example we consider the viscous Burgers’ equation and compare two typical intrusive and non-intrusive uncertainty quantification methods. The specific intrusive approach uses a combination of polynomial chaos and stochastic Galerkin projection. The specific non-intrusive method uses numerical integration by combining quadrature rules and the probability density functions of the prescribed uncertainties. The two methods are compared in terms of error in the estimated variance, computational efficiency and accuracy. This comparison, although not general, provide insight into uncertainty quantification of problems with a combination of sharp and smooth variations in stochastic space. It suggests that combining intrusive and non-intrusive methods could be advantageous.
Growth Drivers of Bakken Oil Well Productivity
Authors: Attanasi E. D. , Freeman P. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper identifies the drivers of the phenomenal growth in productivity in hydraulically fractured horizontal oil wells producing from the middle member of the Bakken Formation in North Dakota. The data show a strong underlying spatial component and somewhat weaker temporal component. Drivers of the spatial component are favorable reservoir conditions. The temporal component of well productivity growth is driven by increasing the number of fracture treatments and by increasing the volume of proppant and injection fluids used on a per fracture treatment basis. Random Forest, a nonparametric modeling procedure often applied in the context of machine learning, is used to identify the relative importance of geologic and well completion factors that have driven the growth in Bakken well productivity. The findings of this study suggest that a significant part of the well productivity increases during the period from 2010 to 2015 has been the result of improved well site selection. For the more recent period, that is, from 2015 through 2017, part of the improved well productivity has resulted from substantial increases in the proppant and injection fluids used per stage and per well.