bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a conceptual framework to improve the re‐usability of open geographic data in cities
Authors: Benitez‐Paez Fernando , Comber Alexis , Trilles Sergio , Huerta Joaquin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOpen data has a profound effect on the working environment within which information is created and shared at all levels. At the local government level, open data initiatives have resulted in higher transparency in policy, a greater engagement between decision‐makers and citizens, and have changed the culture about how data analysis and evidence are used to support local governance. This article, based on data collected through an on‐line survey, participatory workshops with data user communities in four cities (in Colombia and Spain), and interviews with Valencia good‐government office, identifies four elements for a conceptual framework to improve the re‐usability of open geographic data in cities. The essential elements defined in this research are the definition of data user communities and their needs, the creation of the community of reuse, user‐focused metadata, and reuse‐focused legal terms. The definition of these indicators provides a framework for authorities to re‐shape their current open data strategy to include data user requirements. At the end of this article, a roadmap for future research and implementation is presented, considering some reflections on the conceptual framework.
Emergentism and the Contingent Solubility of Salt
Authors: Chan Lok‐Chi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlexander Bird offers a powerful argument showing that, regardless of whether necessitarianism or contingentism about laws is true, salt necessarily dissolves in water. The argument is that the same laws of nature that are necessary for the constitution of salt necessitate the solubility of salt. This article shows that Bird's argument faces a serious objection if the possibility of emergentism – in particular, C. D. Broad's account – is taken into consideration. The idea is (roughly) that some emergent laws in some possible worlds may disrupt the solubility of salt without disrupting its constitution.
Memory at the Sharp End: The Costs of Remembering With Others in Forensic Contexts
Authors: Hope Lorraine , Gabbert Fiona 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn many applied contexts where accurate and reliable information informs operational decision‐making, emergency response resource allocation, efficient investigation, judicial process, and, ultimately, the delivery of justice, the costs of unfettered conversational remembering can be high. To date, research has demonstrated that conversations between co‐witnesses in the immediate aftermath of witnessed events and co‐witness retellings of witnessed events often impair both the quality and quantity of information reported subsequently. Given the largely negative impact of conversational remembering on the recall of both individual witnesses and groups of witnesses in this context, this review explores the reasons why these costs occur, the conditions under which costs are exacerbated, and how, in practical terms, the costs can be reduced in order to maximize the accuracy and completeness of witness accounts.
Allele‐specific expression and genetic determinants of transcriptomic variations in response to mild water deficit in tomato
Authors: Albert Elise , Duboscq Renaud , Latreille Muriel , Santoni Sylvain , Beukers Matthieu , Bouchet Jean‐Paul , Bitton Fréderique , Gricourt Justine , Poncet Charles , Gautier Véronique , Jiménez‐Gómez José M. , Rigaill Guillem , Causse Mathilde 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCharacterizing the natural diversity of gene expression across environments is an important step in understanding how genotype‐by‐environment interactions shape phenotypes. Here, we analyzed the impact of water deficit onto gene expression levels in tomato at the genome‐wide scale. We sequenced the transcriptome of growing leaves and fruit pericarps at cell expansion stage in a cherry and a large fruited accession and their F1hybrid grown under two watering regimes. Gene expression levels were steadily affected by the genotype and the watering regime. Whereas phenotypes showed mostly additive inheritance, ~80% of the genes displayed non‐additive inheritance. By comparing allele‐specific expression (ASE) in the F1hybrid to the allelic expression in both parental lines, respectively, 3005 genes in leaf and 2857 genes in fruit deviated from 1:1 ratio independently of the watering regime. Among these genes, ~55% were controlled bycisfactors, ~25% bytransfactors and ~20% by a combination of both types of factors. A total of 328 genes in leaf and 113 in fruit exhibited significant ASE‐by‐watering regime interaction, among which ~80% presentedtrans‐by‐watering regime interaction, suggesting a response to water deficit mediated through a majority oftrans‐acting loci in tomato. We cross‐validated the expression levels of 274 transcripts in fruit and leaves of 124 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and identified 163 expressionquantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mostly confirming the divergences identified by ASE. Combining phenotypic and expression data, we observed a complex network of variation between genes encoding enzymes involved in the sugar metabolism.
Use of antipruritic and rehydrating foams on localized lesions of atopic dermatitis in dogs: a small‐scale pilot and comparative double‐blinded study
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel J. , Fabriès Lionel J. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThere is a lack of controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal agents for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare the clinical efficacy of a commercial foam product (mousse), previously demonstrated to be effective in cAD (Foam A) with a foam/mousse containing components from plant extracts (Foam B).AnimalsEight client‐owned dogs with nonseasonal mild/moderate cAD.Methods and materialsDogs were treated twice weekly with either Foam A or Foam B for 14 days and after a wash‐out period of 14 days received the other foam in a randomized blinded study. Criteria evaluated included skin lesions [Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI)], pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS)], cosmetic evaluation and overall global product assessment by the owner and the investigator.ResultsA significant improvement was noted for both treatment groups for both CADLI and pVAS scores (37.5% and 26.09%, respectively, for Foam A; 41.9% and 32.6%, respectively, for Foam B) (P < 0.05). Owner and investigator evaluation of cosmetic characteristics of the products and global product assessment were positive for both mousses.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe use of a foam may be useful in cAD to improve both skin lesions and pruritus. Both foams evaluated in this study were equally effective. This method of product delivery is easy to use for owners which is important to improve compliance in practice.
In vitro quality of amotosalen‐UVA pathogen‐inactivated mini‐pool plasma prepared from whole blood stored overnight
Authors: Ravanat Catherine , Dupuis Arnaud , Marpaux Nadine , Naegelen Christian , Mourey Guillaume , Isola Herve , Laforêt Michel , Morel Pascal , Gachet Christian 
Published: August 2018

Background and objectivesSmall batch‐pooled (mini‐pool) whole blood (WB)‐derived plasma could be an alternative cost‐effective source of therapeutic plasma (TP), but carries an increased risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection due to exposure of the recipient to several donors. This risk can be mitigated by inactivation of pathogens susceptible to the amotosalen‐UVA (AUVA)‐treatment. We evaluated the conservation of coagulation factors in AUVA‐plasma prepared from WB stored overnight under routine operating conditions, to determine its therapeutic efficacy. Thrombin generation (TG) by the AUVA‐plasma was used to provide an integrated measure of the hemostatic capacity.Materials and methodsWB‐donations (~450 ml) stored overnight were processed to prepare five leucocyte‐depleted plasma mini‐pools (1300 ml), which were divided into two parts and treated with AUVA. Each mini‐pool yielded six AUVA‐plasma units (200 ml) which were frozen (−25°C) within 19 h of WB‐collection. Their hemostatic quality was evaluated before and after treatment for up to 12 months of storage.ResultsImmediately after AUVA‐treatment, the regulatory criteria for FVIII activity and fibrinogen content were met. As compared to untreated plasma there was a reduction in fibrinogen (14%), FV (9%), FVII (25%) and FVIII (32%). However, TG was similar in treated and untreated plasma at all‐time‐points.ConclusionsFrozen WB‐derived AUVA‐plasma prepared from mini‐pools within 19 h of WB‐collection met the quality standards required for TP and retained hemostatic capacity for up to 12 months. This product could provide a cost‐effective convenient substitute for apheresis plasma.
Does prophylactic calcium in apheresis cause more harm than good? – Centre heterogeneity within the World Apheresis Association Register prevents firm conclusions
Authors: Toss Fredrik , Edgren Gustaf , Berlin Gösta , Stegmayr Bernd , Witt Volker 
Published: August 2018

Background and objectivesSymptomatic hypocalcaemia is common during apheresis procedures based on citrate‐based anticoagulants. As a consequence, patients often receive prophylactic calcium treatment. However, a recent publication based on the World Apheresis Association (WAA) register suggested harmful effects of such prophylactic calcium use. Recognizing possible limitations in the previous WAA register analyses, we critically re‐evaluate the data, to test whether a change in prophylactic calcium usage may be warranted.Materials and methodsUsing the WAA register, we reanalysed previous data by means of centre and treatment type stratification, to explore the role of prophylactic calcium as a risk factor for adverse events.ResultsThere was large variability in adverse event rates dependent on the centre performing the apheresis procedure and dependent on the type of procedure. When this variability was accounted for, there was no clear effect of calcium administration on risk of adverse effects.ConclusionShortcomings in the previous WAA register analyses may have failed to account for important confounding factors resulting in a substantial overestimation of the risk attributable to calcium usage. Overall our findings do not support a negative effect of prophylactic calcium administration in the apheresis setting.
Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have characteristic ultrasonographic features and extensive migratory capacity in dogs
Authors: Soppet Jenelle , Young Benjamin D. , Griffin John F. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Heffelman Victoria , Tucker‐Mohl Katherine , Biller David S. , Wolff Collin A. , Spaulding Kathy A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLimited information is available on the ultrasonographic characteristics of extruded gallbladder mucoceles. The objective of this retrospective case series study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of extruded gallbladder mucoceles in a group of dogs. Medical records of four veterinary centers were searched between June 2010 and January 2018 for all dogs with a suspected extruded gallbladder mucocele based on abdominal ultrasound. Seven client‐owned dogs met the inclusion criteria. All seven dogs had a discrete, heteroechoic, multilayered, stellate, or striated mass within the peritoneal cavity. Blood flow was not present in these structures. Four of these structures were identified in the caudal abdomen. In five cases, the gallbladder lumen was filled with material similar in appearance to the free‐floating peritoneal mass. Four cases were confirmed surgically and one case was confirmed at necropsy. Histopathology of the gallbladder wall was evaluated in all surgical cases and analysis of the free‐floating material was performed in one of the four cases. Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have common imaging characteristics that may be helpful in establishing a presumptive diagnosis. Additionally, these structures may have extensive migratory capacity. The results of the study justify the recommendation for exploration of the entire abdomen during cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele removal.
In vitro evaluation of the effect of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system on arytenoid abduction
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Lim Yee‐Wei , van Eps Andrew , Franklin Samantha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system (DLPS) on arytenoid abduction.Study designIn vitro experimental.Study populationTen equine larynges.MethodsDissected larynges were mounted, and the right arytenoid was maximally abducted for testing. A left‐sided laryngoplasty (LP) was performed by using a strand of No. 2 FiberWire and a FASTakII anchor. Phase 1 involved tightening the suture, without the DLPS device in place, in 1‐mm increments and acquiring a digital image of the rima glottidis at each increment. Phase 2 involved tying the suture with the DLPS in place at a left to right quotient (LRQ) of 0.7. Digital images were subsequently taken at 3 stages of DLPS activation (0, 25, and 50 or maximal psi) and analysed to calculate LRQ.ResultsAll tests were completed for 9 larynges. In phase 1, a total shortening of 25.89 ± 1.27 mm was possible, which increased the LRQ from 0.59 ± 0.02 to 1.07 ± 0.12. In phase 2, activation of the DLPS increased the LRQ from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 0.97 ± 0.09. This change in LRQ equated to 18.7 mm of shortening on the basis of phase 1 results. The maximum psi of the DLPS achieved was 37.33 ± 5.96.ConclusionThe DLPS increased the degree of arytenoid abduction in vitro. This change in LRQ equated to 18.7 mm of shortening of the LP suture based on phase 1 results.Clinical impactThese results support further evaluation of the DLPS to determine the effect of changes in DLPS on airway resistance.
Epidemiology of Campylobacter, Salmonella and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in free‐living Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from three sources in southern Ontario
Authors: Vogt Nadine A. , Pearl David L. , Taboada Eduardo N. , Mutschall Steven K. , Janecko Nicol , Reid‐Smith Richard , Bloomfield Bryan , Jardine Claire M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial resistant bacteria and zoonotic pathogens have previously been isolated from Canada geese. We examined the prevalence of three enteric bacteria (i.e. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli) among Canada geese from three sampling sources in southern Ontario from 2013 through 2015. Samples were obtained by convenience from hunting groups, diagnostic birds submitted for post‐mortem, and fresh faeces from live birds in parks. Escherichia coli isolates were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials using the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance test panel. The prevalences of Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli were 0%, 11.2% and 72.6%, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, 7.9% were resistant to ≥1 class of antimicrobials and 5.6% were resistant to ≥2 classes of antimicrobials, with some including resistance to antimicrobials of highest importance in human medicine. A significant association between season and E. coli resistance among samples from live birds was noted; summer samples had no resistant E. coli isolates, whereas spring samples demonstrated the highest prevalence of E. coli resistant to ≥1 class of antimicrobials (20.0%) among all sources. In addition, Campylobacter coli were only isolated from the spring faecal samples. Flock‐level clustering was an important statistical consideration, as flock was a significant random effect in all but two of our models. Detection of Campylobacter and antimicrobial resistant E. coli from Canada geese suggests that these birds may play a role in disseminating these organisms within the environment.
Deep continuous theta burst stimulation of the operculo‐insular cortex selectively affects Aδ‐fibre heat pain
Authors: Lenoir Cédric , Algoet Maxime , Mouraux André 
Published: August 2018

Key points
Deep continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of the right operculo‐insular cortex delivered with a double cone coil selectively impairs the ability to perceive thermonociceptive input conveyed by Aδ‐fibre thermonociceptors without concomitantly affecting the ability to perceive innocuous warm, cold or vibrotactile sensations.
Unlike deep cTBS, superficial cTBS of the right operculum delivered with a figure‐of‐eight coil does not affect the ability to perceive thermonociceptive input conveyed by Aδ‐fibre thermonociceptors.
The effect of deep operculo‐insular cTBS on the perception of Aδ‐fibre input was present at both the contralateral and the ipsilateral hand.
The magnitude of the increase in Aδ‐heat detection threshold induced by the deep cTBS was significantly correlated with the intensity of the cTBS pulses.
Deep cTBS delivered over the operculo‐insular cortex is associated with a risk of transcranial magnetic stimulation‐induced seizure.
AbstractPrevious studies have suggested a pivotal role of the insular cortex in nociception and pain perception. Using a double‐cone coil designed for deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, our objective was to assess (1) whether continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of the operculo‐insular cortex affects differentially the perception of different types of thermal and mechanical somatosensory inputs, (2) whether the induced after‐effects are lateralized relative to the stimulated hemisphere, and (3) whether the after‐effects are due to neuromodulation of the insula or neuromodulation of the more superficial opercular cortex. Seventeen participants took part in two experiments. In Experiment 1, thresholds and perceived intensity of Aδ‐ and C‐fibre heat pain elicited by laser stimulation, non‐painful cool sensations elicited by contact cold stimulation and mechanical vibrotactile sensations were assessed at the left hand before, immediately after and 20 min after deep cTBS delivered over the right operculo‐insular cortex. In Experiment 2, Aδ‐fibre heat pain and vibrotactile sensations elicited by stimulating the contralateral and ipsilateral hands were evaluated before and after deep cTBS or superficial cTBS delivered using a flat figure‐of‐eight coil. Only the threshold to detect Aδ‐fibre heat pain was significantly increased 20 min after deep cTBS. This effect was present at both hands. No effect was observed after superficial cTBS. Neuromodulation of the operculo‐insular cortex using deep cTBS induces a bilateral reduction of the ability to perceive Aδ‐fibre heat pain, without concomitantly affecting the ability to perceive innocuous warm, cold or vibrotactile sensations.
Modelling and analysis of a within-host model of hepatitis B and D co-infections
Authors: Tchinda Mouofo Plaire , Tewa Jean Jules , Bowong Samuel 
Published: August 2018

The Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defect RNA virusВ that requires the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) forВ cellular infection. A co-infection may result in a more severe acuteВ disease and a higher riskВ of developing acute liver failureВ compared with those infected with HBV alone. At the present time,В there has been very little to the modeling ofВ HDV. The derivationВ and analysis of such a mathematical model poses difficulty as itВ requires the inclusion of (HBV).В In this paper, a within-host modelВ for the co-interaction of HDV and HBVВ В is presented and rigorouslyВ analyzed. We calculate the basic reproduction number (Ro), the disease-free equilibrium, boundary equilibrium, whichВ we define as the existence of one disease along with the completeВ eradication of the other disease, and the co-infection equilibrium.В We determine stability criteria for the disease-free and boundaryВ equilibrium. We also use the optimal control theory to assess theВ disease control. Numerical simulations have been presented toВ illustrate analytical results.
Evaluation of a Validated Luminex-Based Multiplex Immunoassay for Measuring Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Serum to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides
Authors: Tan Charles Y. , Immermann Fred W. , Sebastian Shite , Pride Michael W. , Pavliakova Danka , Belanger Kelly A. , Watson Wendy , Scott Daniel A. , Sidhu Mohinder , Jansen Kathrin U. , Giardina Peter C. 
Published: August 2018

The pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measures IgG antibodies in human serum, and it is an important assay that supports licensure of pneumococcal vaccines. The immune correlate of protection, 0.35 µg/ml of IgG antibodies, was determined by the ELISA method. Pfizer has developed a new Luminex-based assay platform to replace the ELISA. These papers describe the important work of (i) validating the Luminex-based assay and (ii) bridging the immune correlate of protection (0.35 µg/ml IgG) to equivalent values reported by the Luminex platform.
Gender differences in leadership, workforce and scholarly presentation within a national society: a gastroenterology perspective
Authors: Brooks Alenka J , Taylor Eleanor Jane , Arthurs E A , Edwards Cathryn , Gardner Richard , Lockett Melanie , Neild Penny J , Solomon Julie , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Eaden Jayne 
Published: August 2018

In the UK, gastroenterology has been a male predominant medical speciality. Data regarding gender within workforce, academia and leadership at a national level are lacking. Data regarding scholarly presentation at the following annual conferences were collected and analysed; British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 2013, 2014, and Digestive Diseases Federation (DDF) in 2015. Data from the 2013–2015 BSG annual workforce reports were examined. In 2015, female higher specialty trainees (STs) made up 39% (328/848) of the trainee workforce, versus 37% and 35% in 2014 and 2013. From 2013 to 2015, less than a fifth of all consultant gastroenterologists were women. Female consultant (18%), ST (39%), associate (86%) and student attendance (47%) at DDF 2015 did not change significantly from 2013 to 2014. Female speakers (trainees and consultants) were significantly lower at DDF 2015 compared with BSG 2014; 43/331 (13%) versus 56/212 (26.4%) (p=0.0001) and BSG 2013 63/231 (27%) (p=0.0001). The number of female chairs, delivery of the named lectures and prizes awarded to women did not differ across the 3-year period. Female leadership via representation at Council and Executive at BSG was 4/30 (13%) in 2015 and did not differ in 2013/2014, with no elected council members since 2008 and one female president in 1973.The proportion of female gastroenterology trainees and consultants is increasing, but remains lower than across all medical specialties and is reflected in attendance and scholarly contributions. Action within the BSG is underway to address female under-representation in leadership roles.