bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Static and Dynamic Big-Loop Modeling Workflow for Assisted History Matching of SAGD Process with Presence of Shale Barriers
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc T. , Dang Cuong T. , Yang Chaodong , Nghiem Long X. , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has been widely applied to unlock hydrocarbon resources in oil sands reservoirs. This method uses steam, which is generated at the surface, to heat a formation and create a steam chamber around an injector. Past studies have indicated that reservoir heterogeneity is one of the crucial factors that directly affectthe performance of the SAGD process. This paper presents an innovative integrated modeling approach for evaluating, assisted history matching, and production forecasting of the SAGD process with the presence of a complex shale barrier system in oil sands reservoirs.
As SAGD is a strongly geological dependent recovery process and, unfortunately, there are many uncertainties associated with reservoir geology in reality. Therefore, it requires generating a large number of geological realizations to capture the critical effects of geology, especially with the presence of shale barriers, in history matching and field development planning of the SAGD process. To quantify the impact and improve the quality of history matching compared with the traditional method, an efficient integrated workflow has been developed in which geological information generated from a geological modeling package is automatically updated for a reservoir simulator and controlled by an intelligent optimizer in a big-loop modeling approach.
A detailed workflow on the integrated modeling approach that includes shale barriers for a typical oil sands reservoir is described in the first section of this paper. Shale bodies are geostatistically distributed in the geological models. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted with numerous geological realizations to identify the critical role of shale barriers in SAGD performance including shale geometry, shale length and thickness, shale distribution and proportions. Then the Bayesian algorithm with a Proxy-based Acceptance-Rejection sampling method is employed for assisted history matching of SAGD production profiles. With the presence of complex shale barriers, it requires simultaneous updating of both geological and reservoir engineering parameters. Using the proposed approach, the global history matching errors were drastically reduced in all production wells. Validation results indicate that the integrated modeling approach effectively helps to update the properties and distribution of shale barriers to find the closest geological distribution compared to the true solution. Finally, an ensemble of the best-matched simulation models is used to perform a probabilistic forecasting to capture the uncertainties in future production profiles.
Not limited to history matching ofthe SAGD process, the proposed approach can be also applied to different complex problems such as robust optimization for various recovery methods from conventional to unconventional reservoirs.
Waterflood Performance Analyses for the Bhagyam Viscous Oil Reservoir
Authors: Shankar Vivek , Beliveau Dennis , Jain Shakti , Jha Bhawesh Chandra , Tiwari Arjun , Kumar Chandan , Rautela Chandramohan , Stanley Matthew , Chapman Thomas 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Bhagyam is a large oil field in the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, India. The major producing intervals are shallow Paleocene-aged Fatehgarh sandstones. The paraffinic oil is viscous (20-500 cP) with wax appearance temperature (WAT) only 2-3°C lower than the average reservoir temperature of ~53°C.
Bhagyam has been developed with 153 wells in an edge linedrive waterflood and has been producing since 2012. However, performance has been less than projected in the initial field development plan (FDP): not as good as the nearby Mangala and Aishwariya Fatehgarh waterfloods and at the lower-end of that seen in worldwide viscous oil waterflood analogues. Key contributors to Bhagyam's performance were lower than expected initial well productivity and a more rapid rise in water cut than projected.
The lower initial well productivities were surprising when compared with experience from Mangala, where initial well productivity was closely aligned with expectations. Simulation models could not replicate Bhagyam performance without numerous major local modifications; hence long-term model predictions were not sufficiently reliable for business planning. Reservoir behaviour was initially attributed to severe heterogeneity and early models used high permeability streaks to match performance. However, saturation logs and selective zonal flow back of a few wells showed that injected water was not confined to select high permeability streaks but was widespread both areally and vertically. The more diffuse nature of water movement suggested a fundamental disconnect between field dynamics and the simulation model description and physics.
Case Study: Enhancing PCP Performance through the Complex Failure Analysis of more than 200 Wells
Authors: Nurkas Zhassulan , Ubaidollauly Bekmyrza 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
An operation of Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCPs) was challenged by a number of factors at the mature field. Taking into account a huge number of PCP wells, the scale of the problem was getting serious and financially sensitive. To investigate operational challenges from various perspectives, the customer invited most recognized PCP service authorities to conduct Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) under complex wells Audit Program. This paper discusses the whole process, including initial well screening and ends up with final recommendations. Information provided in this paper could be considered as a practical, already implemented process to resolve PCP operational issues. It discusses the majority of PCP Specific applications and comes with possible solutions and outputs of such decisions.
General Analytical Model for Thermal-Solvent Assisted Gravity Drainage Recovery Processes
Authors: Motahhari Hamed Reza , Khaledi Rahman 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Thermal-Solvent Assisted Gravity Drainage are recovery processes in which the stimulation mechanism for bitumen viscosity reduction is by heating and/or dilution. Different gravity drainage recovery processes can be included in this category depending on the range of the injection temperature and the solvent concentration in the injection stream. Examples are SAGD, SA-SAGD, VAPEX and heated VAPEX. The performance behavior of these processes is significantly driven by the complex thermodynamic interaction of steam and solvent, heat transfer, multiphase fluid equilibrium and flow in the porous medium.
In this study, we develop a general analytical model for gravity drainage processes by incorporating mass transfer mechanisms (including diffusion and dispersion) and heat transfer mechanism by conduction. In particular, we incorporate the dependency of diffusion and dispersion coefficients on concentration, temperature and drainage velocities, respectively. We utilize a novel approach to analytically solve the second order non-linear partial differential equation which governs mass transfer within the mass boundary layer. The resulted closed-form analytical model provides oil drainage rate due to gravity and heat and dilution effects as a function of reservoir and fluid properties. The developed model in this work provides a new perspective into the mass transfer mechanisms and their relative importance within the mass transfer boundary layer at different operating conditions.
The consistent application of the new model to the gravity drainage processes ranging from SAGD to VAPEX demonstrated using laboratory data from literature. It is shown that the predicted concentration distribution profile by the model with the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient is profoundly different than the predicted profiles with a constant diffusion coefficient. The modeling results demonstrate that the dispersion can be several orders of magnitude greater than diffusion for solvent assisted gravity drainage process at the elevated temperatures. In addition, the contribution of the mass transfer boundary layer to oil production rate can be significantly greater than the heat transfer boundary layer despite being considerably narrower than the heat transfer boundary layer at the elevated temperatures. These findings confirms that the performance of solvent assisted gravity drainage process can be more favorable at the elevated temperatures.
3-D Physical Modeling of Hybrid Steam and Oxygen Injection for In-Situ Recovery of Oil Sands
Authors: Rios Ericka , Harding Thomas G. , Moore R. G. , Mehta S. A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Alberta (Canada) has the third largest proven reserves of oil in the world, mostly comprised of bitumen and heavy oil. To date, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has been the only commercially viablein-situ recovery technology for the Athabasca Oil Sands, but the current economic conditions have made the SAGD technology challenging, even for some high quality reservoirs. Moreover, from an environmental perspective, large water usage and high carbon emissions also make SAGD difficult to sustain. Due to the current low oil prices and rising penalties on carbon emissions, there is a need to develop improved recovery technologies that are more thermally efficient, with reduced environmental impact and at the same time economically feasible to develop.
One of the technologies that has the potential to overcome these economic and environmental shortcomings is a hybrid steam and in-situ combustion process (ISC) called SAGDOX, as this process offers advantages over pure steam injection such as greater energy efficiency, lower water usage and reduced carbon emissions. The SAGDOX (SAGD and Oxygen Injection) process, which is proprietary to Nexen (Kerr, 2015), combines the benefits of both SAGD and ISC processes. Steam is used to preheat and pre-condition the reservoir, also aiding in carrying heat from the combustion zone towards the rich oil saturation zone. One of the main advantages of SAGDOX is the elimination of most of the nitrogen that otherwise would be injected when using air and this reduces the amount of non-condensable gas (NCG) in the reservoir substantially. Heat delivery to the formation using a combination of steam and enriched air injection is more energy efficient than pure steam injection and reduces the steam-oil ratio compared to SAGD. This also lowers the volumes of steam condensate in the produced fluids and thus reduces the produced water handling and processing requirements.
The purpose of this study is to provide data to evaluate the feasibility of the SAGDOX process using a 3-D laboratory physical model. A description of the physical model is provided along with the method of operation. The results from two tests are presented and the findings from the experimental studies are also discussed.
Liner-Deployed Inflow Control Devices ICD Production Results in MacKay River SAGD Wells
Authors: Becerra O. , Kearl B. J. , Zaini F. , Melo M. , Woiceshyn G. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Ever since horizontal drilling became prominent decades ago, it has been the goal of oilfield operators to find an effective mechanism for controlling the toe-to-heel flux into the production liner to delay and/or reduce the inflow of unwanted fluids such as water, gas and steam, in order to maximize sweep efficiency and oil production/recovery.
Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) are basically flow restrictors installed along the completion string to alter the pressure drawdown on the reservoir by choking back the high permeability/high mobility zones while allowing more influx from the lower permeability/lower mobility zones. In steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) production wells the primary goal is to operate at lower subcool while minimizing live steam production. The pace of ICD technology adoption has accelerated amongst the operators since its benefit was made prominent in the Surmont field (Stalder 2012).
PetroChinaCanada (formerly known as Brion Energy) recognized the technical opportunity and commenced implementation of an ICD technology trial at its MacKay River asset. The technology selection, ICDs sizing and performace prediction was conducted in 2013 (Becerra et al). In 2014 two SAGD production wells, each located on different pads, were selected to evaluate if ICDs could have a beneficial impact on performance.
The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary results of the two ICD producer wells which, as of November 2017, have shown superior performance to their non-ICD neighboring wells after about 6 months of production.
The effect of problem solving learning model based just in time teaching (JiTT) on science process skills (SPS) on structure and function of plant tissue concept
Authors: Maulida Resha , Juanengsih Nengsih , Mardiati Yuke 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Problem Solving learning model based Just in Time Teaching (JiTT) on students' science process skills (SPS) on structure and function of plant tissue concept. This research was conducted at State Senior High School in South Tangerang .The research conducted using the quasi-experimental with Nonequivalent pretest-Postest Control Group Design. The samples of this study were 34 students for experimental group and 34 students for the control group. Data was obtained using a process skill test instrument (essai type) that has been tested for its validity and reliability. Result of data analysis by ANACOVA, show that there were significant difference of postest between experiment and control group, by controlling the pretest score (F = 4.958; p <0.05). Thus, the problem-solving learning based on JiTT proved to improve students’ SPS. The contribution of this treatment in improving the students’ SPS was 7.2%. This shows that there was effect of problem solving model based JiTT on students’ SPS on the Structure and function of plant tissue concept.
Developing an atlas based on frond venation patterns analysis of polypodiales in Tarakan
Authors: Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas , Adhani Aidil 
Published: February 2018

This study aims to identify and analysis of frond venation pattern of Polypodiales in Tarakan, which then developing an atlas based on the results obtained. The results of identify and analysis the frond venation pattern of Polypodiales showed that there were 14 species of Polypodiales. The venation pattern found in Polypodiales were reticulate and open forked. While in the development of an atlas, the assessment result of the content feasibility aspect by the content expert obtained 90.77% (valid), and assessment result of the presentation feasibility aspect obtained 100% (valid). The assessment result of the book size aspect by the media expert obtained 90% (valid), while assessment result of the book cover design aspect obtained 93.33% (valid), and assessment result of the content book design obtained 91.42% (valid). The assessment result of the language usage by language expert obtain 92% (valid), and assessment result of the language accuracy obtained 96% (valid). The field assessment result by lecturer for the easiness aspect obtained 92.31% (valid), the attractiveness aspect obtained 100% (valid), and the understandable aspect obtained 90% (valid). Meanwhile, the field assessment result by student for the easiness aspect obtained 97.43% (valid), the attractiveness aspect obtained 93.33% (valid), and the understandable aspect obtained 100% (valid).
Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis Britt. Et R.) peel extract as a natural dye alternative in microscopic observation of plant tissues: The practical guide in senior high school
Authors: Wagiyanti Heni , Noor Rasuane 
Published: February 2018

Prepared slide of plant tissue needs to be staining to facilitate observations under microscope. Laboratorium activities in schools usually use synthetic dyes which expensive and can be damaged the student. Therefore the exploration of alternative dyes need to be established, such as utilizing of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus castaricensis Britt. Et R.). This study aims to (1) find out the best concentration of dragon fruit peel extract for staining plant tissue prepared slide and (2) to develop the practical guide related to plant tissue observation. The qualitative research used different concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract, namely: 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with 3 repetitions. Data were obtained from observation photos of prepared slide. The result showed that the most contrast prepared slide was used red dragon fruit extract in 60% concentration. The result use to arrange practical guide in observation of plant tissues which is validated by material expert. The validation result showed “very good” criteria (86.01%).
Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates
Authors: Gerges Najib Nicolas , Issa Camille Amine , Fawaz Samer Ahmad , Jabbour Jacques , Jreige Johnny , Yacoub Aiman 
Published: February 2018

Conventional concrete aggregate consists of sand (fine aggregate) and various sizes and shapes of gravel or stones (coarse aggregate). However, there is a growing interest in substituting alternative aggregate materials, largely as a potential use for recycled materials. While there is significant research on many different materials for aggregate substitutes such as granulated coal ash, blast furnace slag or various solid wastes including fiberglass waste materials, granulated plastics, paper and wood products or wastes, sintered sludge pellets and others. Recycled waste glasses were used as coarse and fine aggregates replacement in concrete. Coarse aggregates were replaced with Green Bottles coarse aggregates at third, half, two thirds, and 100% replacement ratios. The replacement of a third coarse aggregate was established as being the most suitable for retaining the properties of the concrete mix design. As for fine aggregates, in order to account for the numbers of variables and clearly establish a bench mark, the sand grading, color of glass, source of waste glass (bottles and non-bottles), and design mix strength were used as parameters. Fine aggregates from green, brown, and transparent bottles in addition to clear window waste glass were used. Concrete properties were tested in fresh and hardened states. The incorporation of glass sand regardless of the ratios of replacement showed no significant influence on fresh or mechanical properties of concrete except for the case of transparent bottles. Transparent bottles due to the wide source of obtainability have introduced a non-uniform factor that caused discrepancy compared to the rest of the group.
Kasetyan
Authors: Setyaningsih Endang 
Published: February 2018

Karya Tari Berjudul Kasetyan adalah komposisi tari puteri yang berbentuk srimpen, yakni refleksi kesetiaan atau sikap tidak ingkar janji Dewi Drupadi yang diambil dari cerita Mahabarata. Drupadi sebagai putri dari kerajaan Pancala yang dilahirkan dari api pemujaan yang kemudian menjadi istri Raja Yudhistira. Karya ini berangkat dari rangsang idesional dan gagasan yang kemudian memilih temakesetiaan Drupadi dengan tipe tari Dramatik. Mode penyajian adalah simbolisrepresentasional dengan menggunakan empat penari puteri. Ide penciptaan karya merupakan hasil eksplorasi dan analisis dari pola-pola gerak tari tradisi puteri yaitu tari Srimpi. Pengembangan geraknya mengacu pada motif gerak tari tradisi puteri gaya Surakarta, seperti gerak lenggut, manglung, lumaksana lara maju mundur, ogek lambung, sembahan laras, sekar suwun dan berbagai motif gerak bahkan sendi. Aspek koreografi lain yang mendukung penciptaan karya ini adalah penataan setting panggung yang menggunakan trap di area up center sebagai dimensi ruang yang berbeda untuk mendukung perjalanan tiap adegan. A Dance titled Kasetyan is a composition of a female dance which have a form of srimpen, this dance is a reflection of a loyalty or Goddess Draupadi’s attitude that doesn’t break a promise which taken from the Mahabharata. Draupadi as the daughter of Panchala born from veneration fire which later became the wife of King Yudhishthira. This artwork departs from the idea that excitatory idesional and then choose the theme of Draupadi’s loyalty with the Dramatic type dance. The presentation mode is symbolic-representational using four female dancers. The idea from the creation of thisartwork is the result of exploration and analysis from the patterns of traditional female dance called Srimpi. Development of the choreography refers to the motion motive of femaletraditional dance from Surakarta style, such as lenggut motion, manglung,lumaksana laras maju mundur, ogek lambung, sembahan laras, sekar suwun and various motifs motion even the joints. Another aspect of choreography that supports the creation of this artwork is the arrangement of stage setting that uses trap in up center area as another dimension to support the plot of each scene.
El maestro investigador: Reconstructor de sentido profesional e identidad
Authors: Mejía J. Marco Raúl 
Published: February 2018

En este desencuentro, muy propio de la cultura occidental, ubica Maturana las dificultades de una idea de ciencia que lleva a aceptar las explicaciones científicas en una forma reduccionista, en cuanto se cree que expresan el fenómeno que se investiga en lo fundamental, teniendo la creencia de que su validez depende de las referencias directas o indirectas a una realidad objetiva en la cual el observador es independiente de ella.
Pedagogía y formación de docentes en el siglo XXI
Authors: Bernal de Rojas Aura Elena 
Published: February 2018

Cultura proviene del término latino 'cultus', que designa la acción de cultivar la tierra y, en sentido figurado, la acción de cultivar el espíritu. Los etnólogos Malinowsky y Mead definieron la cultura como el conjunto de representaciones y de comportamientos adquiridos por los humano en cuanto seres sociales. En cuanto los escenarios de la cultura, Ricardo Nassiff, señala que la cultura comprende desde el trabajo del artesano hasta la creación estética más elevada, desde la técnica hasta la ciencia, desde las formas básicas de la comunidad hasta las más complejas de la organización política o económica, fruto de la tendencia del ser humano de expresar sus deseos o sus concepciones más íntimas (Nassiff, 1984).