bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Anti-Cancer Strategies in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Chieffi Paolo , De Martino Marco , Esposito Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Background: The most common solid malignancy of young men aged 20 to 34 years is testicular germ cell tumor. In addition, the incidence of these tumors has significantly increased throughout the last years. Testicular germ cell tumors are classified into seminoma and nonseminoma germ cell tumors, which take in yolk sac tumor, embryonal cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. There are noteworthy differences about therapy and prognosis of seminomas and nonseminoma germ cell tumors, even though both share characteristics of the primordial germ cells. </P><P> Objectives: The study is focused on different molecular mechanisms strongly involved in testicular germ cell line tumors underlying new strategies to treat this human neoplasia.Methods:Bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research, patent and clinical trial literature, and around eighty papers and patents have been included in this review.Results:Our study reveals that several biomarkers are usefully utilized to discriminate among different histotypes. Moreover, we found new patents regarding testicular germ cell tumor treatments such as the expression of claudin 6, monoclonal antibody (Brentuximab Vedotin), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with the FDA-approved drugs pembrolizumab and nivolumab or the oncolytic virus Pelareorep, the combination of selective inhibitors of Aurora kinase.Conclusion:Finally, the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumor needs to be deeply understood so that it will improve data on stem cells, tumorigenesis and disease tumor management by more selective treatment.
Alcohol Consumption, Risky Sexual Behaviors, and HIV in Nigeria: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Okoro Uzoamaka J. , Carey Kate B. , Johnson Blair T. , Carey Michael P. , Scott-Sheldon Lori A.J. 
Published: January 2019

Background:Alcohol consumption is associated with risky sex, which increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV.Objective:To examine the prevalence of, and associations among alcohol, risky sex, and HIV, in Nigeria.Methods:We searched electronic databases and reviewed reference sections of relevant papers to locate studies that sampled people living in Nigeria and assessed both alcohol and sexual risk behavior. We calculated effect sizes to determine (a) prevalence of alcohol and sex behaviors and (b) associations between alcohol consumption and risky sex, and examined moderators to determine if sample characteristics predicted behavioral or biological outcomes.Results:Of the 696 unique records identified, 35 manuscripts reporting on 42 separate studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in these studies (N = 83,350; M age = 26 years; 48% women; 10% HIV-infected) reported high rates of heavy drinking (63%) and low rates of consistent condom use (24%). One-third of participants (30%) also reported using alcohol before sexual activity. Participants who consumed alcohol were more likely to report sexual activity (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 3.09, 4.33), multiple partners (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.38, 4.36), and condomless sex or inconsistent use of condoms (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.54, 3.43).Conclusion:High rates of heavy drinking and low rates of condom use have been well-documented in Nigeria. Results from this meta-analysis can be used to inform critically needed alcohol-related HIV interventions.
Curriculum and Pedagogy of Transformation: How to Improve EAL Students’ Places and Roles at Simon Fraser University
Authors: Pan Christine 
Published: January 2019

Traditionally, university students are deemed to be the people who have to take most of the responsibilities for their academic and lived experiences. Teachers and the university set a stage for the students to perform, yet it is the performers’ motivation and competency that determines
the quality of their performance and experiences. Even though universities in Canada have sought to provide a variety of resources and supports, this perception is still deeply rooted in the mind of the people who are involved in the operation of higher educaton, especially the students themselves. This ideology is manifested to the greatest extent in the case of international students who speak English as an additional language (EAL) because not only do they experience difficulty in accessing their host community of practice, but also undergo tremendous stress and disappointment as they interpret their places and roles in EAL context to be subordinate. EAL students’ low self-efficacy and the institution’s denial of funds of knowledge (e.g. writing skills in L1) often cause them to reconstruct subordinate identities which require external supports and internal transformation to alter the status-quo. This paper examines
ways to promote both the external supports, from the institution and its members in authority, and internal transformations that can occur within the EAL students themselves based on the supports given.
Willingness to pay for medical treatments in chronic diseases: a multicountry survey of patients and physicians
Authors: Audureau Etienne , Davis Ben , Besson Marie Hélène , Saba Joseph , Ladner Joël 
Published: January 2019

Aim:
The objective was to investigate factors influencing patients’ willingness to pay (WTP) and physician’s views on the cost of therapy for two contrasted chronic diseases, chronic heart failure and psoriasis.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in ten developing countries, using a stated WTP contingent valuation method. Multivariate analyses were performed by linear regression.
Results:
Independent factors influencing patient WTP were income (+0.04 $PPP [purchasing power parity] in WTP per $PPP in monthly income; p < 0.001) and purchase of branded treatment for chronic heart failure therapy, and income, out-of-pocket treatment costs but also education level higher than secondary school (+115 $PPP in WTP comparatively to patients with none/primary school level; p = 0.008) for psoriasis therapy, suggesting the influence of sociopsychological factors in this disease.
Conclusion:
Disease-specific factors may affect WTP for treatment that should be accounted for to support effective public health programs in developing countries.
Single dose oral toxicity study of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia in Wistar rats
Authors: Umamaheswar Rao O. , Chinna Eswaraiah M. 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, Family: Casuarinaceae in female Wistar Rats. The acute toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 423. However, this plant safety evaluation data was not available so, selected the starting dose from 300 mg/kg body weight. The animals were orally administered a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and followed by 2000 mg/kg body weight in next step. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed after 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24h of administration of the extract and once daily for 14 days. There was no mortality in the tested animals and no abnormal clinical signs were observed related to test item. No abnormalities were detected in gross pathology observations in all the rats at both the dose levels. Based on observations of the present study, it can be concluded that the LD50 of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia is greater than 2000mg/kg body weight and can be classified as Category 5; however, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities.
Keywords: Acute oral toxicity, ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, LD50, OECD Test Guideline, Wistar Rat.
Management of Anidra through Ahara-Vihara, Natural Herbs and Shodhna Therapy: A Review
Authors: Chawardol Seema G , Jain Sapan , Khuje Sanjeev , Jain Jinesh Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Ayurveda the science of healthy living deals with physical, mental and spiritual components of health. Ayurveda considered Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacarya as important parts of life for achieving goal of Swasthavritta. Nidra is a state of complete physical and mental relaxation of body which play vital role towards the good health status. There are some factors which may disturb physiology of Nidra leading to condition of sleeplessness/insomnia (Anidra). Anidra is abnormal physiological condition which greatly affects quality of life and this problem increasing day by day due to the enhanced level of stress, diversified environmental condition, disturb pattern of life style and bad dietary habits. It is very important for physician society to put focus attention to reduces prevalence of this issue. Ayurveda mentioned different therapeutic approaches for the management condition of insomnia including use of natural herbs, formulation, Shodhna Chikitsa and good conduction of Ahara-Vihara. Present article explored ayurveda view on Anidra along with its treatment modalities.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Nidra, Anidra, Insomnia.
Computer system validation in the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Singh Asheesh , Singour Pradeep , Singh Parul 
Published: January 2019

Computer Systems Validation (CSV) is a process used to ensure (and document) that a computer based systems will produce information or data that meet a set of defined requirements. If a system meets these requirements, it can be assumed that it is consistently performing in the way it was intended. Quality is an imperative for customers whenever they consider a product or service. It is also important as it relates to life-saving products such as pharmaceuticals. In this regard, the Food and Drug Administration introduced good manufacturing practice (GMP) to maintain and improve the quality of pharmaceutical products. GMP ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled according to the quality standards appropriate to the intended use and as required by the marketing authorization. One of the major GMP requirements is that all of the critical manufacturing equipment, utilities, and facilities in the pharmaceutical industries must be properly qualified and validated prior to production. Currently, this practice forms the core of the regulations that are strictly followed by pharmaceutical companies worldwide. A validation assessment program is a necessity in the pharma industry to ensure adherence to pharmaceutical cGMP guidelines, and to help companies maintain consistent quality. The same principles are applied in computer system validation to a computer system or an information technology system. It’s essential to maintain quality standards in pharma since non-conformance can have far-reaching consequences. Computer system validation checks the effectiveness and the efficiency with which the system is meeting the purpose for which it was designed. This study aims to identify needs of computer system validation of instrument/equipment practiced in the perspective of pharmaceutical industry.
Keywords: Computer system validation, Validation, Qualification, GAMP
Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in non-obese clinical patients
Authors: Singh Chander Jeet , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: January 2019

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, fifteen out of the 19 patients who developed hypoglycaemia on the fasts during MT were re-tested 3 to 4 months after cessation of therapy. Fasting tolerance had improved in all of them. It had become normal in 10 out of 15 patients (67%). In 5 patients, blood glucose levels still fell below 2.7 mmol/l (range 2.0 to 2.6 mmol/l) after 16 hours of fasting. However, none had any symptoms.
Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis
Clinical potency of Patra-Pottali Sweda
Authors: Mukherjee Amit , Dwivedi O. P. , Jain Jinesh , Khuje . Sanjeev Madhukar Rao 
Published: January 2019

Swedana Karma is one of the modality of ayurveda acts as Sthambhaghna (removal of stiffness), Gourvaghna (loss of heaviness of the body), Sheetaghana (loss of coldness in the body) and Swedkaraka (producing sweating in the body). Swedana is considered as Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa, one among the Shadupakarmas. It is employed to relieve symptoms like; Shula and Stambha associated with various diseases. Present article emphasized Patra Pottali Sweda (Ela Kizhi) which used to induce perspiration through heated pack of specific herbal leaves in the management of Upastambhita Vyadhi Avastha.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Swedana Karma, Patra Pottali Sweda, Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa.
Technology Overview and Current Biomedical Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Faruk Abdul , Bedi Preet Mohinder Singh 
Published: January 2019

Polymeric nanoparticle are of great importance in the treatment of various diseases, due to the flexibility in the modification of their structures. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology facilitate the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. All the scientific efforts of the pharmaceuticals companies are mainly focusing on two basic aspects, one is to discover new molecules of potential therapeutic interest and second is to develop of a new drug delivery system. In the last few decades, research and development (R&D) scientists has directed their efforts toward formulating novel drug delivery systems that includes sustained and controlled release, modified release and targeted drug release dosage forms. Application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened several new possibilities in development of formulation This review compiles the different preparation methods of polymeric nanoparticles and then briefly explained their current potential applications.
Keywords: Polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA, Biomedical applications, Biodegradable, Dialysis method
Perspectives of Neer-Nirakkuri (colour of the urine) and diagnosis according to Saint Therar
Authors: Jeyavenkatesh J , Senthilvel G , Saravanapandian P , Rojaramani S , Karthikeyan A 
Published: January 2019

The bioactive compounds and pH of the urine are the reason for dip and spike of its surface appearance. The colour variations relate on its primary and secondary metabolites due to the presence of bacterial reaction. The urine analysis may show a light on serious medical condition lurking unnoticed by us. The time to evolve the nature of the urine with its thousands of unique chemicals drained by the kidneys is the future scenario for cost effective diagnosis. According to Siddha philosophy urine is made up of appu bhutham (water element) like blood, semen, fat and bone marrow. The food stuffs are pancha bhutha (five elements) in nature which nourish all ezhu udarkattugal (the seven body constituents) for the functioning of subtle principles vali (vaadham), azhal (pittham) and iyam (kabham). The functional change of seven body constituents due to the derangement of intrinsic and extrinsic factors like diet, work, environmental change etc. cause vitiation mukkutram viz. vali, azhal and iyam making them deranged to develop various diseases. Siddha literatures explain five different colours of urine. Every colour has further variants. Yellow colour urine has six variants, red colour urine has four variants, green colour urine has five variants, black colour urine has four variants and white colour urine has two variants. Colour of the urine and its interpretation is only the beginning to assess the severity of problem alerting an individual that something is wrong in metabolism or renal function. The colour of the urine is further correlated with food already had. The taste, sediments, smell, froth, mass are the various factors certainly considered for further evaluation. The colour of the urine and its relation with humour disorder and five elements would explore scope for future research cost effectively.
Keywords: Colour, Neerkuri, Nirakkuri, Therayar, Siddha marutthuva sudar, mukkutram, panchabhutham
Wound healing promoting activity of Earthworm, Eutyphoeus gammiei (Beddard): in vitro studies on human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCat).
Authors: Saha Susmita , Bhattacharjee Deepjyoti , Saha Anwesha , De Gahin , Saha Partha , Sil S K 
Published: January 2019

Earthworm, Eutyphoeus gammiei, homogenate (EGH) was screened for wound healing activity on human keratinocyte cell line, HaCat, by cell proliferation and migration assays. The maximum proliferation and migration of keratinocyte cells were observed at the dose of 25μg/ml. As cell proliferation and migration are key factors for wound healing, the study clearly suggests the potential role of earthworm species Eutyphoeus gammiei on wound healing.
Keywords: Eutyphoeus gammiei, Keratinocyte, MTT assay, scratch assay.
In-vitro cytotoxicity of java tea mediated selenium nanoballs against L6 cell lines
Authors: Sivakumar Chitra , Jeganathan Karthikeyan 
Published: January 2019

The emergence of Nanotechnology has provided a catholic research in recent years by intersecting with assorted branches of science and forming collision on all forms of life. At present there has been a prodigious excitement in the field of Nano pharmacology to seek the role of Nano selenium in individual healthcare and explains how selenium is a double edged sword in the pathologies of chronic diseases like Diabetes mellitus because of their inferior toxicity and ability to gradually release the bioactive principle and free selenium after ingestion. Thus the present study is an embryonic attempt and was aimed at the adroitful synthesis of selenium nanoballs from the aqueous extract of well known herbal tea leaves namely Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) using selenious acid solution. The synthesized Selenium nanoparticles were then subjected to various characterization techniques such as UV, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX and Zeta potential respectively. Finally the green synthesized SeNps were tested for their cytotoxic effect against L6 rat skeletal muscle cell lines. The pre clinical studies are underway to prove the insulin mimic activity of the selenium nanoparticles.
Keywords: Selenium Nanoparticles, Java tea, L6 cell lines.
Mini-Review: Nanotechnology Forms of Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xingde 
Published: January 2019

The work seeks to present nanotechnology forms of drug delivery and how it would improve treatment effects to patients. Nanotechnology forms of drug delivery not only offer many options for cancer patients using chemotherapeutic drugs, but it also has much more alternative uses and this review will seek to present data on the same.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, covalent conjugation, non-covalent encapsulation
Bacteriophages and their applications: general aspects and a new insight in Ethiopia
Authors: Nureye Dejen Yimam , Assefa Solomon , Mohammed Saladdin 
Published: January 2019

Bacteriophages, having a variety of function in different disciplines, are viruses that invade bacterial cells. Phages are enormously essential to the ecology and evolution of bacteria, and have huge impacts on global weather patterns. Due to their easiness to manipulate, they have been used in dissimilar types of genetic analysis and also implemented in hydrological tracing. Modified filamentous bacteriophages can be used in the production of nanodevices and as an agent in extraction of triacylglycerols. While their invention over a decade, they have been subjugated mainly to treat infections caused by bacteria. Phage therapy could become a welcome option in this era with a paucity of new antibiotic to battle against multi-drug resistant pathogens. This enemy of bacteria can also be used to combat antimicrobial resistance. This annotation is tried to touch the current progress in bacteriophage research and applications including biocontrols, diagnostic purposes, drug innovation and new drug delivery systems. Regarding efforts made in Ethiopia, there is limited study on isolation of phage and their therapeutic potential. Antibiotic resistance is of major community health concern in Ethiopia. Hence, the idea of using bacteriophage should be taken into consideration and health professionals should have to show inclination towards phage therapy. Moreover, substantial academic efforts have to be made before approval of phage utilization in Ethiopia.
PENGARUH PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS PADI TERHADAP EFIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN PEMAYUNG KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Apriliana Apriliana , Nainggolan Saidin , Fathoni Zakky 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Dampak program upsus terhadap peningkatan produksi usahatani padi sawah dan (2) Dampak program upsus terhadap efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah. Penelitian ini mengambil dua desa sampel yaitu Desa Lubuk Ruso dan Desa Selat yang ditentukan secara purposive dan menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling dengan ukuran sampel upsus sebanyak 39 petani dan non-upsus sebanyak 36 petani. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dengan bantuan kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode fungsi produksi Cobb Douglas dan Uji Chow. Pengukuran efisiensi teknis penggungaan input produksi usahatani padi sawah digunakan model Fungsi Produktivitas Khumbakar.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan teknologi usahatani tergolong tradisional. Produksi usahatani padi upsus 4.970 Kg/Ha dan non-upsus 2.147 Kg/Ha. Penggunaan input produksi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap produksi, baik program upsus maupun non-upsus. Secara parsial produksi usahatani padi sawah program upsus dipengaruhi secara sangat nyata oleh luas lahan, tenaga kerja, benih, pupuk KCL dan obat-obatan. Sedangkan pupuk organik berbeda nyata serta pupuk urea dan pupuk SP36 tidak berbeda nyata. Untuk usahatani non-upsus tingkat produksi dipengaruhi secara sangat nyata oleh benih dan pupuk SP36. Sedangkan luas lahan dan tenaga kerja berbeda nyata. Pupuk organik, pupuk urea, pupuk KCL dan obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil Uji Chow menunjukan bahwa model fungsi produksi usahatani upsus berbeda nyata dengan usahatani non-upsus. Hal ini berarti, program upsus berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi. Nilai rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah program upsus sebesar 0,66 (66 %) dan besarnya inefisiensi teknis sebesar 0,34 (34 %) atau potensi peningkatan produksi masih tersedia sebanyak 34 %. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah program non-upsus sebesar 0,32 (32 %) dan besarnya inefisiensi teknis sebesar 0,68 (68 %) atau potensi peningkatan produksi masih tersedia sebanyak 68 %.