bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic Disc and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis With Scanning Laser Tomography After LASIK
Authors: Hamada Naoki , Kaiya Tadayoshi , Oshika Tetsuro , Kato Satoshi , Tomita Goji , Yamagami Satoru , Amano Shiro 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine whether LASIK induces changes in the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer using scanning laser tomography.
METHODS: Prospective, consecutive study of 53 myopic eyes in 38 patients (mean age: 35.7 ?10.4 years; range: 22 to 58 years). Preoperative average refractive error was -6.0?2.4 diopters (D) (spherical equivalent) (range: -2.0 to -10.0 D). Optic disc morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were evaluated with scanning laser tomography preoperatively and at 7 and 13 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted between the pre- and postoperative optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that transient extreme elevation of intraocular pressure during LASIK does not affect the optic disc morphology or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal myopic eyes for at least 1 year after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:372-375.]
Very High-frequency Ultrasound Analysis of Non-contact Holmium Laser Thermal Keratoplasty Treatment Spots
Authors: Belmont Sandra C , Chen Sophia , Ruffy Ramon , Chai Samantha J , Silverman Ronald , Coleman D Jackson 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To objectively measure the corneal treatment spots in vivo using very high-frequency ultrasound (VHFU) after non-contact laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) to better understand the variability and regression of refractive outcomes.
METHODS: In an institutional setting, VHFU was performed on 128 spots (8 eyes of 4 patients) using an immersion scanning technique 1 to 2 years after LTK with a single element focused transducer (50 MHz arc scanning ultrasound). Biometrie techniques were used to evaluate the treatment spot depth, corresponding corneal thickness, and spot profile between patients, eyes (left/right), and by location on the cornea. The identical technique was used in a rabbit immediately after LTK to compare ultrasound versus histologic findings.
RESULTS: The mean treatment spot penetration depth ranged between 0.373 and 0.533 mm, representing 64% to 78% of the corneal thickness compared to previous reports of 80% to 90%. Treatment spot depth, the corresponding corneal thickness, and percentage of overall cornea penetrated differed significantly across patients. Treatment spot depth was not significantly related to the level of applied laser energy (230 to 258 mJ) (0.082 Pearson sign). Spot profiles were not uniformly coneshaped; W- and wedge-shaped were also identified. Ultrasound findings in the rabbit were similar to histology results and confirmed evidence of epithelial remodeling.
CONCLUSIONS: Very high-frequency ultrasound of 128 treatment spots after non-contact LTK demonstrates epithelial remodeling and inconsistencies in penetration depth and profile. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:376-386.]
Design of an Intelligent Educational Resource Production System
Authors: Faqihi Brahim , Daoudi Najima , Ajhoun Rachida 
Published: December 2018

In the field of learning, we are witnessing more and more the introduction of new environments in order to better meet the specific needs of the main actors of the process. The shift from face-to-face learning to distance learning or e-learning has overcome some of the challenges of availability, location, prerequisites, but has been rapidly impacted by the development of mobile technology. As a result, m-learning appeared and quickly evolved into p-learning.
The arrival of the "Open Software" concept has given birth to several "open-something" initiatives, among which are the Open Educational Resource (OER) and the Massive Online Open Course (MOOC). These learning resources have also made progress, although they are fairly recent. Admittedly, this diversity of environments offers a wealth and a multitude of pedagogical resources. However, the question of the capitalization of contents, knowledge and know-how of each of these environments is necessary. How can the exchange and reuse of pedagogical resources be guaranteed between these different learning environ-ments? otherwise-said how to guarantee the interoperability of these resources? In order to contribute to the creation of an pedagogical heritage, we propose to design a case-based system allowing the author, when creating a course in a particular context and environment, to exploit the resources that are already available. The goal is to put in place an intelligent production system based on case-based reasoning. It is based on four phases ranging from indexing to reuse, through the similarity measurement and the evaluation.
In the first part, we will detail the evolution of learning environments. In the second part, we will review the existing course production platforms, their prin-ciples and their challenges. In the third part, we will present case-based reasoning systems, and then we will introduce our target system.
Socialisation professionnelle des directions d’établissement d'enseignement au Québec : tensions entre formation et autonomie professionnelle
Authors: Dridi Houssine 
Published: December 2018

Même si les facultés d’éducation ont tenté de résister, la professionnalisation a fini par s’imposer en 2001 avec un règlement ministériel fixant l’obligation de formation de 2e cycle en gestion scolaire. Guidée en 2008 par un « référentiel des compétences », cette formation est destinée à la socialisation professionnelle des directions d’établissement d’enseignement en les dotant de solides connaissances à la fois théoriques et pratiques et en les accompagnant dans leur insertion ou intégration professionnelle. La présente contribution se base sur une étude réalisée dans le cadre d’un partenariat université-commission scolaire. Un questionnaire et des entrevues auprès de 70 directions-adjointes d’établissement scolaire ont servi à l’analyse des données faisant ressortir une difficulté à exploiter les résultats de recherche universitaire par les milieux de pratique et révélant une remise en question de la conception de la formation, des modalités d’accompagnement et des dispositifs d’évaluation. Une réflexion est dégagée autour des défis de l’amélioration de la formation et de la socialisation professionnelle.
La professionnalisation des moniteurs d’atelier en Établissement et Service d’Aide par le Travail (ESAT) : un éclairage par la recherche-intervention
Authors: Broussal Dominique , Marcel Jean-François , Aussel Lucie 
Published: December 2018

Cet article investit le champ de la professionnalisation des moniteurs d’atelier, personnels exerçant en Établissement et Service d’Aide par le Travail (ESAT). Celle-ci est abordée sous l’angle des processus de structuration et de réinvention du métier. Du fait de nombreuses évolutions, le métier de moniteur d’atelier se trouve en effet en mutation, pris entre des logiques parfois concurrentes : l’une centrée sur l’accompagnement du travailleur handicapé, l’autre centrée sur la production. La méthodologie consiste en l’analyse de douze fiches pédagogiques co-élaborées par 12 moniteurs d’ateliers, 2 psychologues et 3 enseignants-chercheurs, dans le cadre d’une recherche-intervention. L’analyse met en évidence les principales caractéristiques des processus de structuration et de réinvention ainsi que l’importance tenue par la logique politique, polarisée par l’institution et consistant à produire des arbitrages en termes de pilotage, de stratégies et d’organisation du travail.
Chaînes causales et fictions dans la Poétique et dans la Rhétorique d’Aristote
Authors: Viano Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Dans la Poétique, Aristote définit l’intrigue comme « le principe et l’âme » de la tragédie car elle a comme objet les actions humaines ; or la tragédie est l’imitation des actions et de la vie. Dans la Rhétorique, la démonstration ou enthymème est définie comme le « corps de la persuasion » ; elle est particulièrement appropriée aux discours judiciaires qui portent sur des actions accomplies dans le passé. Le discours poétique et le discours judiciaire décrivent tous les deux des actions humaines agencées selon des chaînes causales qui leur ont valu la qualification de fictions car ils représentent des univers clos, fondés sur une sélection de faits liés selon la vraisemblance et la nécessité. Cet article se propose d’analyser ces deux formes d’enchaînement causal et « fictionnel » et de montrer que le principe fondamental selon lequel sont ordonnés les événements s’identifie à la finalité propre à chacune des deux disciplines : la persuasion dans la rhétorique judiciaire et la production du plaisir esthétique dans les compositions poétiques.
A new name in southern African Justicia L. (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Manning John C. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: The objective of this study was to effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was consulted and type specimens were examined.Results: One nomenclatural correction is required in Justicia L. (Acanthaceae).Conclusion: The replacement name Justicia conferta J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided for the illegitimate homonym Justicia densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, and the validity of the combination Justicia andromeda (Lindau) J.C.Manning Goldblatt is clarified.
Olfactory fossa depth: CT analysis of 1200 patients
Authors: Babu Ashok Chirathalattu , Balachandran Nair Mattavana Ramakrishna Pillai , Kuriakose Aneesh Mangalasseril 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground: Olfactory fossa (OF) is a depression in anterior cranial cavity whose floor is formed by cribriform plate of ethmoid. Lateral lamella, which forms its lateral boundary, is a thin plate of bone and is at risk of injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, especially when fossa is deep/asymmetric. Aims: To measure the variations in the depth of OF and categorize Kerala population as per Keros classification using computed tomography (CT). Settings and Design: This study was conducted in our institution from January 2016 to August 2017. Patients >16 years of age undergoing CT scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS) were included. Materials and Methods: Coronal PNS CT scan studies of 1200 patients were reviewed. The depth of OF was measured from vertical height of lateral lamella. Statistical Methods: Results were analyzed according to gender and laterality using independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The mean depth of OF was 5.26 ± 1.69 mm. Statistically significant difference was seen in the mean depth of OF between males and females but not between right and left sides. Keros type I was found on 420 sides (17.5%), type II in 1790 (74.6%), and type III on 190 sides (7.9%). Type III Keros was more on the right (9%) than left (6.8%) side, more in males (9.5%) than females (5.9%), and more among males on the right side (11.4%). Asymmetry in OF depth between two sides was seen in 75% of subjects. Conclusion: Prevalence of the dangerous type III OF, even though low, is significant especially among males and on the right side. Therefore, preoperative assessment of OF depth must be done to reduce iatrogenic complications.
Neuroimaging features of fatal high-altitude cerebral edema
Authors: Medhi Gorky , Lachungpa Tsella , Saini Jitender 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcute high-altitude cerebral edema can occur in an unacclimatised individual on exposure to high altitudes and sometimes it can be fatal. Here we have described the neuroimaging features of a patient who suffered from fatal high altitude cerebral edema. Available literature is reviewed. Probable pathogenesis is discussed. The risk of acute mountain sickness is reported up to 25% in individuals who ascend to an altitude of 3500 meter and in more than 50% subjects at an altitude of 6000 meter. The lack of availability of advanced imaging facilities at such a higher altitude makes imaging of such condition a less described entity.
Differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules using diffusion-weighted imaging, a 3-T MRI study
Authors: Aghaghazvini Leila , Sharifian Hashem , Yazdani Nasrin , Hosseiny Melina , Kooraki Saina , Pirouzi Pirouz , Ghadiri Afsoon , Shakiba Madjid , Kooraki Soheil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Preoperative differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules remains a challenge. Aims: This study assessed the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: Preoperative DWI was performed in patients with thyroid nodule by means of a 3-T scanner magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Images were obtained at b value of 50, 500, and 1000 mm2/s to draw an ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) map. Findings were compared with postoperative histopathologic results. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the accuracy of different cutoff points. Results: Forty-one thyroid nodules (26 benign and 15 malignant) were included in this study. None of static MRI parameters such as signal intensity, heterogeneity, and nodule border was useful to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Mean ADC value was (1.94 ± 0.54) × 10−3 mm2/s and (0.89 ± 0.29) × 10−3 mm2/s in benign and malignant nodules, respectively (P-value < 0.005). ADC value cutoff of 1 × 10−3 mm2/s yielded an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 93%, 87%, and 96% to discriminate benign and malignant nodules. Conclusion: DWI is highly accurate for discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Collateral or fistula? Coronary artery as the primary source of pulmonary blood flow in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Bhargava Salil , Buxi T B S , Sirvi Krishna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD), a coronary artery being the primary source of pulmonary blood flow is a rare entity. We describe two cases of PA/VSD with coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula with emphasis on the role of Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) in depicting all the sources of pulmonary blood supply, to predict surgical management and need for unifocalization of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCA’s).
Sociologia crítica da educação: olhares cosmopolitas
Authors: Cigales Marcelo Pinheiro , Da Silveira Treicy Giovanella 
Published: December 2018

Trata-se de uma resenha sobre o livro organizado por Michael Apple, Stephen Ball e Luís Gandin, intitulado Sociologia da Educação: análise internacional, pulicado pela editora Penso de Porto Alegre em 2013.
Spatial and temporal changes in SO2 regimes over China in the recent decade and the driving mechanism
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Pucai , Theys Nicolas , Tong Dan , Hendrick François , Zhang Qiang , Van Roozendael Michel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The spatial and temporal changes in SO2 regimes over China during 2005 to 2016 and their associated
driving mechanism are investigated based on a state-of-the-art retrieval
dataset. Climatological SO2 exhibits pronounced seasonal and
regional variations, with higher loadings in wintertime and two prominent
maxima centered in the North China Plain and the Cheng-Yu District. In the
last decade, overall SO2 decreasing trends have been reported
nationwide, with spatially varying downward rates according to a general rule
– the higher the SO2 loading, the more significant the decrease.
However, such decline is in fact not monotonic, but instead four distinct
temporal regimes can be identified by empirical orthogonal function analysis.
After an initial rise at the beginning, SO2 in China undergoes two
sharp drops in the periods 2007–2008 and 2014–2016, amid which 5-year
moderate rebounding is sustained. Despite spatially coherent behaviors,
different mechanisms are tied to North China and South China. In North China,
the same four regimes are detected in the time series of emission that is
expected to drive the regime of atmospheric SO2, with a percentage
of explained variance amounting to 81 %. Out of total emission, those from
the industrial sector dominate SO2 variation throughout the whole
period, while the role of household emission remains uncertain. In contrast
to North China, SO2 emissions in South China exhibit a continuous
descending tendency, due to the coordinated cuts of industrial and household
emissions. As a result, the role of emissions only makes up about 45 % of
the SO2 variation, primarily owing to the decoupled pathways of
emission and atmospheric content during 2009 to 2013 when the emissions
continue to decline but atmospheric content witnesses a rebound. Unfavorable
meteorological conditions, including deficient precipitation, weaker wind
speed and increased static stability, outweigh the effect of decreasing
emissions and thus give rise to the rebound of SO2 during 2009
to 2013.
Understanding the Australian Monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum with a multi-model ensemble
Authors: Yan Mi , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Zhu Axing , Ning Liang , Cao Jian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The response of the Australian monsoon to external forcings and related
mechanisms during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated by
multi-model experiments in CMIP5–PMIP3. Although the annual mean
precipitation over the Australian monsoon region decreases, the annual range,
or the monsoonality, is enhanced. The precipitation increases in early
austral summer and decreases in austral winter, resulting in the amplified
annual range, but the main contribution comes from the decreased
precipitation in austral winter. The decreased winter precipitation is
primarily caused by weakened upward motion, although reduced water vapor also has
a moderate contribution. The weakened upward motion is induced by the
enhanced land–sea thermal contrast, which intensifies the divergence over
northern Australia. The increased Australian monsoon rainfall in early
summer, however, is an integrated result of the positive effect of
local dynamic processes (enhanced moisture convergence) and the negative
effect of thermodynamics (reduced moisture content). The enhanced moisture
convergence is caused by two factors: the strengthened northwest–southeast
thermal contrast between the cooler Indochina–western Indonesia and the
warmer northeastern Australia, and the east–west sea surface temperature
gradients between the warmer western Pacific and cooler eastern Indian Ocean,
both due to the alteration of land–sea configuration arising from the sea
level drop. The enhanced Australian monsoonality in the LGM is not associated
with global-scale circulation change such as the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone; rather,
it is mainly due to the change of regional circulations around Australia
arising from the changes in land–sea contrast and the east–west SST
gradients over the Indian and western Pacific oceans. This finding should be taken
into account when investigating its future change under global warming. Our
findings may also explain why proxy records indicate different changes in
Australian monsoon precipitation during the LGM.
Soil erodibility and its influencing factors on the Loess Plateau of China: a case study in the Ansai watershed
Authors: Zhao Wenwu , Wei Hui , Jia Lizhi , Daryanto Stefani , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yanxu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The objectives of this work were to identify the best possible method to estimate soil erodibility (K) and understand the influencing factors of soil erodibility. In this study, 151 soil samples were collected during soil surveys in the Ansai watershed of the Loess Plateau of China. The K values were estimated by five methods: erosion-productivity impact model (EPIC), nomograph equation (NOMO), modified nomograph equation (M-NOMO), Torri model and Shirazi model. The main conclusions of this paper are (1) K values in the Ansai watershed ranged between 0.009 and 0.092 t  ⋅  hm2  ⋅  h/(MJ  ⋅  mm  ⋅  hm2), and the maximum values were 1.9–7.3 times larger than the corresponding minimum values, and the Shirazi and Torri models were considered the optimal models for the Ansai watershed. (2) Different land use types had different levels of importance; the principal components (PCs) accounted for 100 % (native grassland), 48.88 % (sea buckthorn), 62.05 % (Caragana korshinskii), and 53.61 % (pasture grassland) of the variance in soil erodibility. (3) The correlations between soil erodibility and the selected environmental variables differed among different vegetation types. For native grasslands, soil erodibility had significant correlations with terrain factors. For the most artificially managed vegetation types (e.g., apple orchards) and artificially restored vegetation types (e.g., sea buckthorn), soil erodibility had significant correlations with the growing conditions of vegetation. Soil erodibility had indirect relationships with both environmental factors (e.g., elevation and slope) and human activities, which potentially altered soil erodibility.
Lothar Gutjahr's “Nourishing Notions or Poisonous Propositions? Can ‘New Phenomenology’ Inspire Gestalt Therapy?”
Authors: Höll Kathleen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
An increasing number of colleagues consider “New Phenomenology” of the German philosopher Hermann Schmitz to be a good complement or even an improvement to Gestalt therapy theory. This commentator supports Gutjahr's (2018) critical view and complements it with a look at Schmitz's philosophical work, which offered new ways of approaching the issue, but soon narrowed itself down to outdated terms like “Leib” [felt-body]. She comes to the conclusion that these terms from Schmitz's “private,” premodern language are incompatible with Gestalt therapy. He dispenses with all the productive results of so many new fields of human and social research. His followers also negate Goldstein's (1939) concept of the “organism” and the broad approach of bodywork offered by the pioneers of Gestalt therapy.
The Originality of Copies: Cover Versions and Versioning in Remix Practice
Authors: Navas Eduardo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this article I analyze the cover version as a specific form of copying in music recording and performance, and then evaluate it as a cultural variable that is part of the creative process in remix practice. This analysis demonstrates that cover versions, versioning, editing, sampling, and remixing are dependent on copying and, for this reason, my eventual focus is on the relation of copies to originals and copies to copies. Another important element examined throughout the essay is the role of selectivity in the creative process as a foundational principle of communication and how it shapes varying popular and individualized assumptions about definitions of originals and copies.
Andy Warhol, Sarah Bernhardt, and the “Original Copy”
Authors: Taimre Ilmar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Andy Warhol’s portrait of Sarah Bernhardt (1980) simultaneously copies a preexisting photograph and overlays it with idiosyncratic gestures of original invention. The resulting work can be described as an “original copy,” a hybrid category of copying in the pictorial arts, analogous to “cover versions” in popular music. This article outlines the history of prior images related to this Warhol work. It considers how this history compares to those associated with two other renowned portraits of Bernhardt, one by Jules Bastien-Lepage (1879), the other by William Nicholson (1897). These three case studies are used to justify the articulation of two heuristic models—one static and one dynamic—for describing and distinguishing qualitatively different types of copying processes in art world contexts.