bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of ethnic/racial discrimination with internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile justice‐involved youth of color
Authors: Loyd Aerika Brittian , Hotton Anna L. , Walden Angela L. , Kendall Ashley D. , Emerson Erin , Donenberg Geri R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionYouth of color (e.g., Black/African American and Latinx/Hispanic) are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system and experience greater health disparities compared to non‐Hispanic White youth. Ethnic/racial discrimination (ERD) is a risk marker for poor mental health and behavioral outcomes among youth of color, and traumatic stress and emotion dysregulation have been implicated in these pathways. Despite the relevance of these factors for justice‐involved youth of color, understanding of their interrelations within this demographic is lacking.MethodsParticipants were 173 recently arrested adolescents (86% African American; 45% girls; ages 13–18) on probation in a large Midwest city in the United States. Participants completed surveys assessing ERD, traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Using linear regression and path analysis, this study tested the cross‐sectional links among two types of ERD (i.e., interpersonal experiences and perceptions of group experiences), traumatic stress symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors.ResultsInterpersonal ERD (e.g., hearing racial insults) was associated with increased internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors; for internalizing symptoms, the relation was stronger for girls than boys. Gender differences were partially accounted for by traumatic stress symptoms and emotion dysregulation.ConclusionsThis study offers new insights into ERD experiences among juvenile justice‐involved youth of color, gender differences in ethnic/racial discrimination experiences, and the potential value of gender‐sensitive and culturally responsive programming in strengthening youths’ ability to cope with ERD.
Adherence to post colorectal cancer surveillance colonoscopy guidelines at a tertiary care center
Authors: Mohy-ud-din Nabeeha , Umar Shifa , Syed Aslam , Monga Dulabh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Surveillance colonoscopy 1 year after resection of colorectal cancer is recommended by all major societies, including National Comprehensive Cancer Network and United States Multi Society Task Force.
Study objectives Our study assesses adherence to post colorectal cancer resection surveillance colonoscopy guidelines at a large tertiary care center and aims to identify reasons for non-adherence.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted for patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer between January 2016 and June 2017. Adherence to surveillance colonoscopy for non-obstructed or partially obstructed colon and rectal cancers was defined as performance of colonoscopy 11–14 months and 11–15 months after surgery, respectively.
Results A total of 80 patients were identified. Mean age was 66 ± 13 years and 58% (n = 46) were males. 60% (n = 48) had colon cancer and 40% (n = 32) had rectal cancer. 69% (n = 24) of patients with colon cancer and 42% (n = 8) of patients with rectal cancer adhered to surveillance colonoscopy guidelines and the mean time to colonoscopy was 315 ± 44 days and 369 ± 103 days, respectively. The most commonly identified reasons for non-adherence to surveillance colonoscopy included metastases (10.9%) and patients’ refusal to undergo surveillance (6.5%).
Conclusion Overall, post colorectal cancer resection to follow up surveillance is inadequate. There is a need to identify barriers to surveillance post colorectal cancer resection and address them.
Healthcare of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front and its Politicization, 1970–1991: Treating the Body Politic
Authors: Hjalmarsson Clarissa Charlotte 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:This article explores the health service provided by the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) during the Eritrean Liberation War, and its political dimensions and implications. The EPLF used healthcare to define itself politically against its rivals and to penetrate communities. It aimed to incorporate population groups into the struggle, to inculcate EPLF ideology, and to transform the national community. EPLF practitioners were most successful when they cooperated with existing structures of power. The progressive, dynamic, and transformative nature of the healthcare system is inextricable from the coercion sometimes used to achieve the ideals of the EPLF, and the way in which healthcare became an instrument of biopolitical control.
Glycaemic, gastrointestinal, hormonal and appetitive responses to pearl millet or oats porridge breakfasts: a randomised, crossover trial in healthy humans
Authors: Alyami Jaber , Whitehouse Ella , Yakubov Gleb E. , Pritchard Susan E. , Hoad Caroline L. , Blackshaw Elaine , Heissam Khaled , Cordon Sally M. , Bligh H. Frances J. , Spiller Robin C. , Macdonald Ian A. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Gowland Penny A. , Taylor Moira A. , Marciani Luca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhole-grain cereal breakfast consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism as well as satiety. Pearl millet is a popular ancient grain variety that can be grown in hot, dry regions. However, little is known about its health effects. The present study investigated the effect of a pearl millet porridge (PMP) compared with a well-known Scottish oats porridge (SOP) on glycaemic, gastrointestinal, hormonal and appetitive responses. In a randomised, two-way crossover trial, twenty-six healthy participants consumed two isoenergetic/isovolumetric PMP or SOP breakfast meals, served with a drink of water. Blood samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY, gastric volumes and appetite ratings were collected 2 h postprandially, followed by an ad libitum meal and food intake records for the remainder of the day. The incremental AUC (iAUC2h) for blood glucose was not significantly different between the porridges (P > 0·05). The iAUC2h for gastric volume was larger for PMP compared with SOP (P = 0·045). The iAUC2h for GIP concentration was significantly lower for PMP compared with SOP (P = 0·001). Other hormones and appetite responses were similar between meals. In conclusion, the present study reports, for the first time, data on glycaemic and physiological responses to a pearl millet breakfast, showing that this ancient grain could represent a sustainable alternative with health-promoting characteristics comparable with oats. GIP is an incretin hormone linked to TAG absorption in adipose tissue; therefore, the lower GIP response for PMP may be an added health benefit.
Street food in Dushanbe, Tajikistan: availability and nutritional value
Authors: Albuquerque Gabriela , Morais Inês , Gelormini Marcello , Casal Susana , Damasceno Albertino , Pinho Olívia , Moreira Pedro , Jewell Jo , Breda João , Lunet Nuno , Padrão Patrícia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStreet food is part of the culture in central Asia. Although nourishing food can be found, unhealthier options are becoming increasingly popular – a marker of nutrition transition. The nutritional composition of street food in urban settings is, however, unknown. The objective of the present study was, thus, to characterise the street food availability in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. A total of 800 street food vending sites in public markets were selected through random and systematic procedures. Trained interviewers collected data on vending sites’ characteristics, location and food available. Samples of the most commonly available food were collected (ninety-nine homemade and thirty-five industrial). Macronutrients were quantified through proximate analysis. Fruit, drinks and food other than fruits were available, respectively, in 4·5, 40·5 and 87·4 %, of the vending sites. Among the latter, 63·6 % sold only homemade (e.g. bread, traditional dishes, snacks, pastries, sandwiches and cakes), 19·3 % only industrial (e.g. bread, snacks, pastries and cookies) and 17·1 % both types of food. Homemade food presented higher energy per serving compared with industrial food (median 452 v. 276 kcal/serving (1891 v. 1155 kJ/serving); P < 0·001). A high content of SFA (soup: 10·9 g/serving) and trans-fatty acids (cakes: 1·8 g/serving) was also found in homemade food. However, industrial wafers showed the highest content of these fatty acids (12·9 g/serving and 2·5 g/serving, respectively). Soft drinks were available in 68·5 % of the vending sites selling beverages. Homemade and industrial street food, with heterogeneous nutritional value, were widely available in Dushanbe. Hence, policies promoting the availability of healthy food should be encouraged.
Genetic variation among biparental Robusta coffee families and implications for variety development
Authors: Akpertey Abraham , Anim-Kwapong Esther , Adu-Gyamfi Paul Kwasi Krah , Ofori Atta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance (GA) of traits in any plant population is an important pre-requisite for variety development. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of genetic variability among vegetative growth traits and yield, assess the relationship among the growth traits and yield and predict GA for the most heritable traits among Robusta coffee full-sib families. The trial was established in June 2009 at the experimental fields of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana with 62 full-sib families planted in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Significant (p< 0.05) variation was observed among the full-sib families evaluated for all traits, except for span (canopy diameter). Span and number of laterals were genetically correlated (p< 0.001) with cumulative yield (2013–2017), with span being the vegetative growth trait most strongly related to cumulative yield (rg= 0.60,p< 0.001). The most heritable vegetative growth and yield traits were, respectively, number of laterals (H2= 0.59) and cumulative yield (H2= 0.41). The top 10 families (BP40, BP41, BP9, BP36, BP34, BP28, BP37, BP14, BP4 and BP10) in terms of cumulative yield are proposed for multi-location evaluation and possible release as hybrids for coffee farmers in Ghana.
“A Glimpse of ‘Another Russia’”: Elisaveta Fen's Chekhov Translations
Authors: Warden Claire 
Published: August 2019

Since the first British production of Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull in 1909, audiences have found the Russian's plays both beguiling and frustrating in seemingly equal measure. After living in Britain some years, Russian translator Elisaveta Fen began to recognize the problem:
These plays are tragi-comedies: they are the stuff life is made of. They do not fit into any conventional category. Awkwardly presented, they can disappoint, baffle, irritate, or they can cast their spell over the spectator and make him feel he is watching real people, living real lives—on the stage.
Repeated Sport-Related Concussion Shows Only Minimal White Matter Differences Many Years After Playing High School Football
Authors: Terry Douglas P. , Mewborn Catherine M. , Miller L. Stephen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective: Multiple concussions sustained in youth sport may be associated with later-life brain changes and worse cognitive outcomes. We examined the association between two or more concussions during high school football and later-life white matter (WM) microstructure (i.e., 22–47 years following football retirement) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Method: Forty former high school football players aged 40–65 who received 2+ concussions during high school football (N = 20), or denied concussive events (N = 20) were recruited. Participants underwent neurocognitive testing and DTI scanning. Results: Groups did not statistically differ on age, education, or estimated pre-morbid intelligence. Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) correcting for Family-Wise Error (FWE)(p &lt; .05) did not yield differences between groups at the whole-brain level. Region of interest analyses showed higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) in the concussed group compared to the non-concussed former players. More liberal analyses (i.e., p &lt; .001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, ≥8 voxels) also revealed that former players endorsing 2+ concussions had higher MD in the ALIC. Analyses that covaried for age did not reveal differences at either threshold. Concussive histories were not associated with worse cognitive functioning, nor did it impact the relationship between neuropsychological scores and DTI metrics. Discussion: Results suggest only minimal neuroanatomical brain differences in former athletes many years following original concussive injuries compared to controls.
Analysing the policy space for the promotion of healthy, sustainable edible oil consumption in India
Authors: Cuevas Soledad , Downs Shauna M , Ghosh-Jerath Suparna , Aafrin  , Shankar Bhavani 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To identify opportunities and challenges for the promotion of healthy, sustainable oil consumption in India.Design:We use a framework for policy space analysis which distinguishes between policy context, process and characteristics.Setting:We focus on the Indian edible oils sector and on factors shaping the policy space at a national level.Participants:The study is based on the analysis of policy documents and semi-structured interviews with key experts and stakeholders in the edible oils sector.Results:We find opportunities associated with the emergence of multisectoral policy frameworks for climate adaptation and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention at a national level which explicitly include the oils sector, the existence of structures for sectoral policy coordination, some supportive factors for the translation of nutrition evidence into practice, and the possibility of integrating nutrition-sensitive approaches within current state-led agricultural interventions. However, the trade-offs perceived across sustainability, NCD prevention and food security objectives in the vegetable oils sector are considered a barrier for policy influence and implementation. Sustainability and nutrition advocates tend to focus on different segments of the value chain, missing potential synergies. Moreover, policy priorities are dominated by historical concerns for food security, understood as energy provision, as well as economic and strategic priorities.Conclusions:Systematic efforts towards identifying synergistic approaches, from agricultural production to distribution of edible oils, as well as increased involvement of nutrition advocates with upstream policies in the oils sector, could increase policy influence for advocates of both nutrition and sustainability.
Functional Validation of DownRegulated MicroRNAs in HeLa Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphological Alteration-Based Validation
Authors: Shanmugapriya  , Vijayarathna Soundararajan , Sasidharan Sreenivasan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral microscopy methods have been developed to assess the morphological changes in cells in the investigations of the mode of cell death in response to a stimulus. Our recent finding on the treatment of the IC50concentration (26.67μg/mL) ofPolyalthia longifolialeaf extract indicated the induction of apoptotic cell death via the regulation of miRNA in HeLa cells. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the function of these downregulated microRNAs inP. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using microscopic approaches. These include scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI)-based fluorescent microscopy techniques by observing the morphological alterations to cells after transfection with mimic miRNA. Interestingly, the morphological changes observed in this study demonstrated the apoptotic hallmarks, for instance, cell blebbing, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, vacuolization, cytoplasmic extrusion, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which proved the role of dysregulated miRNAs in apoptotic HeLa cell death after treatment with theP. longifolialeaf extract. Conclusively, the current study proved the crucial role of downregulated miR-484 and miR-221-5p in the induction of apoptotic cell death inP. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using three approaches—SEM, TEM, and AO/PI-based fluorescent microscope.
Estimation of the Dust Aerosol Shortwave Direct Forcing Over Land Based on an Equi‐albedo Method From Satellite Measurements
Authors: Tian Lin , Zhang Peng , Chen Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is important but difficult to measure the shortwave radiative forcing of the dust aerosols over land from satellite‐observed radiance because the inhomogeneous surface albedo varies in a large dynamic range. In this study, we proposed a satellite‐based equi‐albedo method to derive the dust aerosol shortwave direct forcing over land. In the method, an equal radiance at the top of atmosphere was assumed for the region with the similar surface albedo and the similar solar zenith angle. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the shortwave radiance product from Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System were used to derive the dust aerosol radiative forcing. The dust storm events outbroken on 9 and 24 April 2010 in Taklimakan desert were selected as study cases. The mean dust shortwave direct forcing efficiency is −35.08 W/m2 per unit of dust AOD during the dust storm events. The results were validated with the calculated radiative forcing from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer AOD product by the radiative transfer model. It shows that the derived radiative forcing is well correlated with the simulated one. The mean difference is 10.57 and the standard deviation is 1.35. Moreover, uncertainty has been estimated. The regional mean‐directed radiative forcing due to dust are −28.98 ± 7.99 and −35.76 ± 10.61 W/m2 of these two cases directly from satellite observations. This research indicates that the proposed method is reliable and effective, which can be used to estimate the shortwave direct radiative forcing of the dust storm event.
Flexural Rigidity and Shoot Reconfiguration Determine Wake Length Behind Saltmarsh Vegetation Patches
Authors: Marjoribanks T. I. , Lague D. , Hardy R. J. , Boothroyd R. J. , Leroux J. , Mony C. , Puijalon S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVegetation patches play an important role in controlling sediment deposition in shallow aquatic environments such as coastal saltmarshes and fluvial systems. However, predicting deposition around vegetation patches is difficult due to the complexity of patch morphology and their dynamic interaction with the flow. Here we incorporate a biomechanical model, parameterized using field data, within a 3‐D computational fluid dynamics model which allows prediction of individual shoot reconfiguration within patches due to flow forcing. The model predicts velocity attenuation and bed shear stresses within the wake of the patch which agree spatially with accretion patterns measured in the field using terrestrial lidar. The model is applied to sparse patches of Suaeda maritima, located in saltmarshes of coastal habitats, to explore the role of (I) shoot distribution, (II) patch geometry, (III) shoot flexural rigidity, and (IV) bulk flow velocity in determining the length of the predicted wake region. We demonstrate that for Suaeda maritima, with intermediate rigidity, the vertical shear layer over the vegetation controls the length of the predicted wake region. Consequently, reconfiguration due to flexural rigidity strongly impacts on wake length, confounding the relationship between patch height and wake length. A simplified model for predicting wake length based on shoot reconfiguration is applied to the simulation data and shows good agreement. The results demonstrate that the observed wake characteristics can be well explained by intraspecific variability in flexural rigidity, thus demonstrating the importance of biomechanical traits in determining flow‐vegetation‐sediment interactions.
Circulating microbiota-derived metabolites: a “liquid biopsy?
Authors: Aragonès Gemma , Colom-Pellicer Marina , Aguilar Carmen , Guiu-Jurado Esther , Martínez Salomé , Sabench Fàtima , Antonio Porras José , Riesco David , Del Castillo Daniel , Richart Cristóbal , Auguet Teresa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes a wide spectrum of liver damage, from simple steatosis (SS) to cirrhosis. SS and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cannot be distinguished by clinical or laboratory features. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota is involved in NASH pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between microbiota-derived metabolites and the degrees of NAFLD; also, to investigate whether these metabolites could be included in a panel of NASH biomarkers.

Subjects/Methods
We used liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ) analysis to quantify choline and its derivatives, betaine, endogenous ethanol, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and soluble TLR4 in serum from women with normal weight (n = 29) and women with morbid obesity (MO) (n = 82) with or without NAFLD. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to evaluate the hepatic and intestinal expression level of all genes studied (TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, LXRα, SREBP1C, ACC1, FAS, PPARα, CPT1α, CROT, SREBP2, ABCA1, ABCG1 and FXR in the liver; TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, GLP-1R, DPP-4, FXR and PPARɣ in the jejunum) in 82 women with MO with normal liver histology (NL, n = 29), SS (n = 32), and NASH (n = 21).

Results
Hepatic FAS, TLR2, and TLR4 expression were overexpressed in NAFLD patients. TLR2 was overexpressed in NASH patients. In women with MO with NAFLD, we found upregulation of intestinal TLR9 expression and downregulation of intestinal FXR expression in women with NASH. Circulating TMAO, glycocholic acid and deoxycholic acid levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Endogenous circulating ethanol levels were increased in NASH patients in comparison to those in SS patients.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the intestine participates in the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, levels of certain circulating microbiota-related metabolites are associated with NAFLD severity and could be used as a “liquid biopsy” in the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH.