bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Insulin Therapy Assistance Program (iTAP) among Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients
Authors: RAJ PRAVEEN , PAWAR DILIP , JABEEN SARAH , SHIVARAM VS 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Patients adhering to insulin therapy is a challenge especially in developing countries(India) due to factors challenged by patients and physicians.
Objective: iTAP is a patient support program (PSP) designed by Biocon for T2DM patients receiving insulin therapy. PSP aimed to improve the adherence by educating patients on diabetes.
Methods: The data collected in iTAP depicts real world setting with minimal intervention. Almost 10426 T2DM patients were registered with a run-in period of 4 years. Each visit is structured into, demonstration and initiation of insulin usage (Visit-0 or baseline) recap of visit-0 (Visit-1) diabetes overview (Visit-2) importance of exercise (Visit-3), healthy diet and lifestyle (Visit-4), education on foot care (Visit-5) and reinforcement of earlier training (Visit-6).
Results: A total of 7234 patients were analysed. Patients adhere to therapy were longer when they complete 6 educational visits (p&lt;0.001, ANOVA) compared to one and three visits.
Conclusion: PSP plays a critical role for patient’s adherence and brings down the complication especially in chronic segment like diabetes. It’s important for HCPs to consider PSPs, this outcomes research emphasizes the effective patient—provider communication in overcoming some of the barriers to adherence especially in countries like India.Relation between visit and adherence to therapy *TOT - Time on TherapyNumber of Visit(s)Mean TOT* in patients with insulin therapy (Months)Median TOT* in patients with insulin therapy (Months)One visits11.28Three visits12.708Six visits25.3724

Disclosure
P. Raj: Employee; Self; Biocon. D. Pawar: Employee; Self; Biocon. S. Jabeen: Employee; Self; Biocon. S. Vs: Employee; Self; Biocon.
Comparing Patch vs. Pen Bolus Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Profiles
Authors: JOHNSON MARY L. , DREON DARLENE M. , LEVY BRIAN L. , RICHTER SARA , MULLEN DEBORAH , BERGENSTAL RICHARD M. 
Published: June 2018

Patients with T2D (N=97, A1c ≥7.5% on basal insulin) used DexCom G4 CGM in a substudy of a large RCT (N=278) to evaluate bolus insulin delivery by patch (Calibra Medical) vs. pen (Novolog Flexpen®) using an SMBG-based titration algorithm.
There was a significant improvement (p&lt;0.0001) in A1c and all CGM metrics at week 24, but no difference between groups (Table). CGM profiles (Figure) demonstrate it is possible to optimize basal-bolus therapy, dramatically increasing time-in-target range (70-180 mg/dL) with minimal significant hypoglycemia (&lt;54 mg/dL) while achieving a flat bedtime to AM glucose profile.
This is one of the first trials to clearly demonstrate how using CGM metrics and CGM profiles in T2D can provide a more clinically relevant comparison of different approaches to optimizing glucose management.Table: CGM Metrics for Patch (49) and Pen (48), Baseline and Week 24Patch BaselinePatch Week 24Pen BaselinePen Week 24Central Lab A1c, % (± SD)8.54 ± 0.906.82 ± 0.958.75 ± 1.036.70 ± 0.79CGM Average Glucose, mg/dL (± SD)188.9 ± 40.9142.4 ± 31.4200.3 ± 41.4140.4 ± 28.3CGM Glucose &gt;250 mg/dL, % time (± SD)18.3 ± 18.35.6 ± 9.723.4 ± 21.84.6 ± 8.3CGM Glucose &gt;180 mg/dL, % time (± SD)50.4 ± 26.121.1 ± 19.956.7 ± 24.819.7 ± 17.5CGM Glucose 70-180 mg/dL, % time (± SD)48.4 ± 25.274.1 ± 18.742.4 ± 23.875.2 ± 16.1CGM Glucose &lt;70 mg/dL, % time (± SD)1.2 ± 2.44.7 ± 5.20.9 ± 3.25.1 ± 5.8CGM Glucose &lt;54 mg/dL, % time (± SD)0.2 ± 0.71.1 ± 2.00.2 ± 1.21.2 ± 2.0

Disclosure
M.L. Johnson: Research Support; Self; Calibra Medical, Medtronic, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk Inc., Abbott, POPS! Diabetes Care, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Dexcom, Inc., Hygieia, JDRF. D.M. Dreon: Employee; Self; Calibra Medical. B.L. Levy: Employee; Self; LifeScan, Inc.. S. Richter: None. D. Mullen: None. R.M. Bergenstal: Research Support; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Dexcom, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi, Roche Pharma. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Medtronic. Consultant; Self; Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Hygieia. Advisory Panel; Self; Hygieia, Glooko, Inc.. Research Support; Self; JAEB Center For Health Research, JDRF, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Fourteen-Day Study of Praliciguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: HANRAHAN JOHN P. , WAKEFIELD JAMES D. , WILSON PHEBE J. , MILLER PAUL , CHICKERING JENNIFER , MORROW LINDA , HALL MICHAEL L. , CURRIE MARK , MILNE G. TODD , PROFY ALBERT T. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Praliciguat (IW-1973), a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, has been shown to augment nitric oxide (NO) signaling and reduce fasting plasma glucose and proteinuria in an animal model of diabetic nephropathy. In healthy adults, repeated oral doses of 15-40 mg were tolerated and lowered blood pressure (BP).
Methods: This Phase 2a, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled study assessed the effects of oral praliciguat in 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension on stable glycemic and BP-lowering therapy. Most (69%) were also on statins. Two praliciguat regimens were tested: (1) 40 mg QD for days 1-14 (N=10), and (2) 20 mg BID for days 1-7 then 40 mg QD for days 8-14 (N=10). Assessments included serum chemistry, fasting plasma glucose, BP and heart rate, platelet function, reactive hyperemia index (RHI), plasma biomarkers, and adverse events (AEs).
Results: Results were similar for both praliciguat regimens and are here combined. After 14 days of treatment, praliciguat-treated patients had notable differences in least squares mean change from baseline (95% CI) relative to PBO in 24-hour mean arterial pressure [-4.7 mmHg (-10, 0.8)], heart rate [2.9 bpm (-0.7, 6.5)], fasting glucose [-13 mg/dL (-32, 7)], HOMA-IR [-26 (-58, 7)], total serum cholesterol [-26 mg/dL (-44, -7)], and LDL cholesterol [-20 mg/dL (-37, -3)]. Praliciguat had no effect on platelet function or RHI. Among the exploratory biomarkers tested, levels of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine were lower in praliciguat vs. PBO recipients. Both praliciguat dose regimens were generally well tolerated. Except for one serious AE of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, AEs in praliciguat-treated patients were mild.
Conclusion: In this initial trial, praliciguat had beneficial effects on BP and metabolic parameters in T2DM patients with hypertension on standard therapies. Further clinical investigation of praliciguat in T2DM patients is warranted.

Disclosure
J.P. Hanrahan: Employee; Self; Ironwood. J.D. Wakefield: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. P.J. Wilson: None. P. Miller: None. J. Chickering: None. L. Morrow: Stock/Shareholder; Self; ProSciento. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. M.L. Hall: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. M. Currie: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. G. Milne: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Catabasis Pharmaceuticals. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Catabasis Pharmaceuticals. A.T. Profy: Other Relationship; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
Maintenance of Changes in Glycemic Control and Blood Lipids following 12 Weeks of Underwater Treadmill Training in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: CONNERS RYAN T. , COONS JOHN M. , FULLER DANA K. , KIM YOUNGDEOK , COCHRUM ROBBIE G. , MORGAN DON W. 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To document short- and long-term effects of a 12-week aquatic exercise walking program on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes.
Research Design and Methods: Thirteen adults with type 2 diabetes (age = 59.5 ± 4.5 years; 7 females, 6 males) completed 12 weeks of underwater treadmill training (UTT) (3d·wk-1), followed by a 12 weeks of no UTT. During UTT, exercise intensity and duration were systematically and progressively increased from 40-50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and 30 minutes (3 x 10-min bouts) in Week 1 to 50-70% HRR and 60 minutes (3 x 20-min bouts) in Week 12. During the 12-week period following completion of UTT, study participants were asked to maintain their current diet and allowed to engage in any type or volume of physical activity, with the exception of structured exercise programming. Primary outcome variables included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TG/HDL ratio (TG/HDL). Data obtained before UTT, immediately following UTT, and 3 months after the end of UTT were analyzed using 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: Compared to baseline values, HbA1c was reduced (7.8% to 7.3%) and HDL-C was increased (43.5 mg/dl to 50.6 mg/dl) following UTT (p &lt; .05). After completion of the 3-month maintenance period, HbA1c was lower (p &lt; .05) compared to baseline (7.4% vs. 7.8%), but HDL-C was not different (p &gt; .05) from the pre-UTT level (48.4 mg/dl vs. 43.5 mg/dl).
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that among middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes, improvement in glycemic control after 12 weeks of underwater treadmill training persisted three months following cessation of UTT, but training-induced increases in HDL were not maintained.

Disclosure
R.T. Conners: None. J.M. Coons: None. D.K. Fuller: None. Y. Kim: None. R.G. Cochrum: None. D.W. Morgan: None.
Effect of Exercise on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: REDDY RAVI , WITTENBERG AMANDA , BRANIGAN DEBORAH , WINTERS-STONE KERRI , CASTLE JESSICA R. , EL YOUSSEF JOSEPH , JACOBS PETER G. 
Published: June 2018

Regular exercise is recommended to individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as it is associated with improved longevity and reduced diabetes-related complications, yet the effects of exercise on glucose control have not been proven. We evaluated the impact of different modes of exercise on glycemic control in people with T1D during a 24-hour period following exercise. In a 3-week crossover trial, 10 adults with T1D who self-managed their glucose levels with their own insulin pump (4 M, 6 F; age 33 ± 6 years, HbA1c 7.4 ± 1%) were randomized to perform aerobic, resistance or no exercise (control). During each exercise week, participants completed two monitored in-clinic 45-minute sessions. Participant’s insulin pump data were downloaded, glucose sensor data was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor and meal intake was recorded using a custom phone app including photographs of the meals which were analysed post-hoc by a nutritionist. The primary outcome was percentage of time in euglycemia (70mg/dL &lt;=glucose&lt;=180 mg/dL) for the 24 hours after each bout of exercise as compared with the same period during the control week. Time in range following resistance exercise was significantly greater than during the control period (70% vs. 56%, respectively, p&lt;0.05) while time in range following aerobic exercise (60%) was not statistically different.
Results from this study indicate that resistance exercise could improve glycemic control in adults with T1D.

Disclosure
R. Reddy: None. A. Wittenberg: None. D. Branigan: None. K. Winters-Stone: None. J.R. Castle: Consultant; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. J. El Youssef: None. P.G. Jacobs: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Pacific Diabetes Technologies.
Novel Combination of a Long-Acting GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon Triple Agonist (HM15211) and Once-Weekly Basal Insulin (HM12460a) Offers Improved Glucose Lowering and Weight Loss in a Diabetic Animal Model
Authors: KIM JUNG KUK , LEE JONG SUK , CHOI JAEHYUK , JUNG SUNG YOUB , LEE SANG HYUN , CHOI IN YOUNG , KIM SUN JIN 
Published: June 2018

Obesity is an established risk factor for prediabetes, diabetes and the aggravation of preexisting diabetes by negatively affecting lipid metabolism, insulin response, and β-cell function. Thus, effective body weight loss not only prevents or delays the onset of T2DM, but also enhances the response to diabetes drugs including basal insulin in T2DM patients. Recently, we have developed a novel long-acting GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon triple agonist, HM15211, which showed potent weight loss in obese animal models. When combined with basal insulin, HM15211 might maximize the insulin response and provide additional weight loss. Here, we investigated the PK/PD properties of HM15211 and HM12460A (once weekly basal insulin developing in clinical stage) combination in animal models to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of this novel combination in diabetes. Firstly, drug-to-drug interaction (DDI) was evaluated to assess the changes in intrinsic activity and PK of the individual components. In vitro human insulin receptor phosphorylation by HM12460A was not affected by concomitant HM15211 treatment. Similarly, cAMP accumulation by HM15211 was unaffected. Analysis of PK demonstrated that the administration of HM15211 and HM12460A, either alone or in combination, did not change their extended half-lives in SD rats. Secondly, the glucose lowering and body weight loss by HM15211 in combination with HM12460A was evaluated in db/db mice. After 4 weeks treatment, a combination of HM15211 and HM12460A reduced the HbA1c more than the mono-treatment. Moreover, potent weight loss by HM15211 was well maintained even when combined with HM12460A. Based on these observation, we propose that HM15211 might be an additional combination partner for long-acting basal insulin such as HM12460A providing improved glycemic control and more favorable weight loss.

Disclosure
J. Kim: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Choi: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Jung: None. S. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. I. Choi: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Kim: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical.
Effect of Reduced Intake of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) on Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: KARUSHEVA YANISLAVA , VAN GEMERT THERESA , SIMON MARIE-CHRISTINE , MARKGRAF DANIEL F. , STRASSBURGER KLAUS , SCHMOLL DIETER , BURKART VOLKER , MÜSSIG KARSTEN , SZENDROEDI JULIA , RODEN MICHAEL 
Published: June 2018

Circulating BCAA (valine, leucine, isoleucine) are increased in insulin resistant states and predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) suggesting a role of BCAA in the development of insulin resistance. Thus, we hypothesized that a dietary decrease of BCAA improves insulin sensitivity (IS) and oxidative phosphorylation in T2D and increases the levels of the hepatic metabolic regulator fibroblast-growth factor (FGF-21). In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, 12 patients (8 male, 4 female; age 54±4 years, body mass index 30.8±2.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.6±0.9%, 49±10 mmol/mol) with known T2D duration of &lt;5 years, received a 4-week isocaloric diet with constant protein intake of 1 g/kg body weight. In a cross-over design, their diet comprised either the complete amino acid set (BCAA+) or a 60% reduction in BCAA (BCAA-) for 1 week. Whole body IS was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and beta-cell function by mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMT). Mitochondrial efficiency was assessed from the respiratory control ratio (RCR) measured by high-resolution respirometry in muscle and adipose tissue. FGF-21 serum levels were quantified by ELISA. IS was lower after BCAA- diet (3.1±1.7 mg*kg-1*min-1) compared to BCAA+ diet (3.5±1.8 mg*kg-1*min-1, p&lt;0.01). However, this difference disappeared after normalization for prevalent insulin levels. MMT showed lower increases in insulin and C-peptide after BCAA- than BCCA+ diet (incremental insulin area under the curve: 21±11 vs. 29±19 mU*ml-1*4 h-1, p&lt;0.01). RCR in adipose tissue was 1.7-fold higher after BCAA- diet (p&lt;0.05), but unchanged in skeletal muscle. The BCAA- diet also increased FGF-21 levels (from 323±189 to 405±233 pg/ml, p&lt;0.05) which likely contributes to the effect on energy metabolism.
In conclusion, short-term dietary reduction of BCAA decreases meal-induced insulin and C-peptide secretion, increases FGF-21 levels and stimulates mitochondrial efficiency in adipose tissue, but fails to improve IS in T2D.

Disclosure
Y. Karusheva: None. T. van Gemert: None. M. Simon: None. D.F. Markgraf: None. K. Strassburger: None. D. Schmoll: Employee; Self; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. V. Burkart: None. K. Müssig: None. J. Szendroedi: None. M. Roden: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Consultant; Self; Poxel SA. Research Support; Self; Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Sanofi.
Reduced Energy Intake Is Associated with Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes–Kamogawa-DM Cohort Study
Authors: OKAMURA TAKURO , HASHIMOTO YOSHITAKA , SAKAI RYOSUKE , USHIGOME EMI , HAMAGUCHI MASAHIDE , YAMAZAKI MASAHIRO , FUKUI MICHIAKI 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing and sarcopenia is becoming an important problem. Nutrition is important to protect sarcopenia. However, the relationship between energy intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with diabetes has been unclear.
Research Design and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 316 patients (181 men and 135 women), we investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and sarcopenia. Nutrient intake was evaluated by the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as having both grip strength of &lt;26kg for men and &lt;18kg for women, and skeletal muscle mass index of &lt;7.0kg/m2 for men and &lt;5.7kg/m2 for women.
Results: Patients with sarcopenia were aged and lower BMI than those without. In addition, energy intake of patients with sarcopenia was lower than that without (Table). Energy intake (per 100 kcal/day) was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia (OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99, p=0.041), whereas protein intake (g/kg body weight/day) was not associated with the presence of sarcopenia (1.32, 0.39-4.44, p=0.658) after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking, HbA1c and BMI category.
Conclusion: Energy intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Disclosure
T. Okamura: None. Y. Hashimoto: Research Support; Self; Asahi Kasei Corporation, Fuji Foundation for Protein Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, MSD K.K.. R. Sakai: None. E. Ushigome: Research Support; Self; Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. M. Hamaguchi: None. M. Yamazaki: None. M. Fukui: Research Support; Self; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Novo Nordisk Foundation.
Continuous Reduction of Blood Glucose Average during One Year of Glucose Monitoring Using a Digital Monitoring System in a High-Risk Population
Authors: HERSHCOVITZ YIFAT , DAR SHARON , FENIGER EITAN 
Published: June 2018

Patients with high average of blood glucose levels (above 180mg/dL) are at high risk for developing clinical complications. Digital engagement is playing a pivotal role in the care of patients with diabetes, assisting to enhance their compliance. The Dario Blood Glucose Monitoring System (BGMS) connects physically to a smart mobile device and automatically logs blood glucose measurements into designated App. The data captured on the App is transmitted to the Dario cloud. The study is looking at high risk patients’ data over one year of Dario use.
Methods: An exploratory data analysis study reviewed a population of high risk active type 2 diabetic users with initial 30 days glucose average above 180 mg/dL during a full calendar year. The study assessed the average blood glucose readings along a year of usage. The average of glucose readings was calculated per user in periods of in 30 days intervals from 30-60 to 330-360 days and compared to the first 30 days as the starting point baseline of analysis.
Results: Overall of 238 highly engaged T2D users (more than one daily measurement in average) whose average blood glucose level was above 180mg/dL in the first 30 days of measurements (225±45 mg/dL) showed continuous reduction in glucose level average vs. baseline. Reduction in blood glucose average level was demonstrated gradually, in the succeeding 3, 6 and 12 months showing average decrease of 7%, 11% and 14% vs. baseline, respectively. Furthermore, 76% of the entire population (180 out of 238 users) improved their average blood glucose level over a year. Those 180 users (average blood glucose 228±46) showed an average decrease of 10%, 16% and 24% in their glucose average following 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusions: The use of a digital smartphone-based blood glucose monitoring system in high risk patients has the potential to promote behavioral modification and enhanced adherence to diabetes blood glucose levels management in T2D patients.

Disclosure
Y. Hershcovitz: Employee; Self; DarioHealth. S. Dar: Employee; Self; DarioHealth. E. Feniger: Employee; Self; DarioHealth.
Detecting Insulin Sensitivity Changes for Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: LEWIS DANA M. , LEIBRAND SCOTT , STREET TIM J. , PHATAK SAYALI S. 
Published: June 2018

Background: A method to calculate changes in insulin needs was developed in the OpenAPS (Open Source Artificial Pancreas System) community. Individuals have natural fluctuations in insulin needs, but excessive periods of sensitivity or resistance may indicate ongoing physiological trends and therefore impact T1D management.
Methods: Autosens analyzes each CGM data point for 24 hours, comparing observed change to expected impact from insulin. Autosens calculates the deviation for the median of the last 8 and 24 hours of CGM data points and determines the sensitivity ratio (SR) required to neutralize the median deviation. Autosens was run retrospectively to obtain an hourly SR value (first calculated SR every hour) for (N=1)*16 individuals using OpenAPS; with M=5393 data points, and range=922 to 20,473. A SR of &gt;1.0 indicates resistance; &lt;1.0 indicates sensitivity. Histograms were created to visualize SR for each participant. Mean SR ± SD was calculated and those falling beyond ± 10% of 1.0 were classified as being resistant and sensitive respectively.
Results: Mean SR for 12 individuals fell within ±10% of 1.0. 1 individual tended toward sensitivity [0.79 ± 16]. 3 individuals tended toward resistance [1.2 ± 0.28; 1.33 ± 0.30; 1.41 ± 0.37].
Conclusion: Such idiographic visualization of SR can be useful for detecting overall patterns of sensitivity/resistance potentially unaccounted for by the user’s pump settings.

Disclosure
D.M. Lewis: Consultant; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.. S. Leibrand: None. T.J. Street: None. S.S. Phatak: None.