bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counselor–Advocate–Scholar Model: Changing the Dominant Discourse in Counseling
Authors: Ratts Manivong J. , Greenleaf Arie T. 
Published: April 2018

Discourse represents the languages, ideas, and images that together shape one's understanding of the world. In counseling, discourse determines clinical practice. The authors posit that dominant discourse in counseling promotes an intrapsychic status quo that discounts the relationship between individuals and their environment, which often leads to office‐bound interventions that are inadequate in addressing issues of oppression. The counselor–advocate–scholar model (Ratts & Pedersen, ) is introduced to expand current discourse to include advocacy and research to better address systems of oppression.El discurso representa los idiomas, ideas e imágenes que, en su conjunto, dan forma a nuestra comprensión del mundo. En la consejería, el discurso determina la práctica clínica. Los autores proponen que el discurso dominante en la consejería promueve un status quo intrapsíquico que no tiene en cuenta la relación entre los individuos y su medio, lo que con frecuencia lleva a intervenciones limitadas a la oficina que no resuelven de forma adecuada los problemas relacionados con la opresión. Se introduce el modelo consejero‐defensor‐investigador (Ratts & Pedersen, ) para expandir el discurso actual de forma que incluya la defensoría e investigación, y así abordar mejor los sistemas de opresión.
“It's Like Power to Move”: Black Students’ Psychosocial Experiences in Black Studies Courses at a Predominantly White Institution
Authors: Chapman‐Hilliard Collette , Beasley Samuel T. 
Published: April 2018

This study examined Black students’ experiences in culture‐centered courses that focused on the historical and contemporary experiences of Blacks in America and across the African diaspora. Using a qualitative approach, the authors investigated the perceptions of how Black Studies courses shaped the psychosocial experiences and identity development of Black students (N = 24) at a predominantly White institution. Data from semistructured focus group interviews revealed several themes, including psychological empowerment, self‐determination, counterspaces, and community perpetuity. The authors suggest ways counselors and educators can support Black students’ psychosocial development and provide outreach to diverse student populations.Este estudio examinó las experiencias de estudiantes negros en cursos centrados en la cultura que se enfocaron en las experiencias históricas y contemporáneas de personas negras en Estados Unidos y a lo largo de la diáspora africana. Usando un enfoque cualitativo, los autores investigaron las percepciones sobre cómo los cursos de Cultura Negra dieron forma a las experiencias psicosociales y al desarrollo de la identidad de estudiantes negros (N = 24) en una institución predominantemente blanca. Los datos obtenidos de entrevistas semiestructuradas en grupos de enfoque revelaron varios temas que incluyen el empoderamiento psicológico, la autodeterminación, los espacios seguros y la perpetuidad de la comunidad. Los autores sugieren distintas formas en las que los consejeros y educadores pueden apoyar el desarrollo psicosocial de los estudiantes negros y proporcionar un acercamiento a poblaciones diversas de estudiantes.
Molecular interaction of some cardiovascular drugs with human serum albumin at physiological‐like conditions: A new approach
Authors: Niaei Navid , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with some cardiovascular drugs (CARs) under physiological conditions was investigated via the fluorescence spectroscopic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The CAR included Captopril, Timolol, Propranolol, Atenolol, and Amiodarone. Cardiovascular drugs can effectively quench the endogenous fluorescence of HSA by static quenching mechanism. The fluorescence quenching of HSA is mainly caused by complex formation of HSA with CAR. The binding reaction of CAR with HSA can be concluded that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the main binding forces in the CAR‐HSA system. The results showed that CAR strongly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching procedure, and nonradiation energy transfer happened within molecules. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy absorption studies showed that the secondary structure was changed according to the interaction of HSA and CAR. The binding reaction of CAR with HSA can be concluded that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the main binding forces in the CAR‐HSA system. The results obtained herein will be of biological significance in pharmacology and clinical medicines.
Reproducible automated breast density measure with no ionizing radiation using fat‐water decomposition MRI
Authors: Ding Jie , Stopeck Alison T. , Gao Yi , Marron Marilyn T. , Wertheim Betsy C. , Altbach Maria I. , Galons Jean‐Philippe , Roe Denise J. , Wang Fang , Maskarinec Gertraud , Thomson Cynthia A. , Thompson Patricia A. , Huang Chuan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIncreased breast density is a significant independent risk factor for breast cancer, and recent studies show that this risk is modifiable. Hence, breast density measures sensitive to small changes are desired.PurposeUtilizing fat‐water decomposition MRI, we propose an automated, reproducible breast density measurement, which is nonionizing and directly comparable to mammographic density (MD).Study TypeRetrospective study.PopulationThe study included two sample sets of breast cancer patients enrolled in a clinical trial, for concordance analysis with MD (40 patients) and reproducibility analysis (10 patients).Field Strength/SequenceThe majority of MRI scans (59 scans) were performed with a 1.5T GE Signa scanner using radial IDEAL‐GRASE sequence, while the remaining (seven scans) were performed with a 3T Siemens Skyra using 3D Cartesian 6‐echo GRE sequence with a similar fat‐water separation technique.AssessmentAfter automated breast segmentation, breast density was calculated using FraGW, a new measure developed to reliably reflect the amount of fibroglandular tissue and total water content in the entire breast. Based on its concordance with MD, FraGW was calibrated to MR‐based breast density (MRD) to be comparable to MD. A previous breast density measurement, Fra80—the ratio of breast voxels with <80% fat fraction—was also calculated for comparison with FraGW.Statistical TestsPearson correlation was performed between MD (reference standard) and FraGW (and Fra80). Test–retest reproducibility of MRD was evaluated using the difference between test–retest measures (Δ1–2) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsBoth FraGW and Fra80 were strongly correlated with MD (Pearson ρ: 0.96 vs. 0.90, both P < 0.0001). MRD converted from FraGW showed higher test–retest reproducibility (Δ1–2 variation: 1.1% ± 1.2%; ICC: 0.99) compared to MD itself (literature intrareader ICC ≤0.96) and Fra80.Data ConclusionThe proposed MRD is directly comparable with MD and highly reproducible, which enables the early detection of small breast density changes and treatment response.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:971–981.
Quick Flicks: Association of Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia and Tics
Authors: Balint Bettina , Wiethoff Sarah , Martino Davide , del Gamba Claudia , Latorre Anna , Ganos Christos , Houlden Henry , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare disorder characterised by brief attacks of chorea, dystonia, or mixed forms precipitated by sudden movement.MethodsObservational study with a cohort of 14 PKD patients and genetic testing for PRRT2 mutations.ResultsIn a series of 14 PKD patients seen in our clinic at the National Hospital of Neurology, Queen Square, from 2012–2017, we noted tics in 11 patients (79%), which stand in stark contrast to the estimated lifetime prevalence of tics estimated to reach 1%.ConclusionsThe two reasons to point out this possible association are the clinical implications and the potential opportunity of a better understanding of shared pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability.
ERCC6L2‐associated inherited bone marrow failure syndrome
Authors: Shabanova Iren , Cohen Elisa , Cada Michaela , Vincent Ajoy , Cohn Ronald D. , Dror Yigal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundERCC6L2‐associated disorder has recently been described and only five patients were reported so far. The described phenotype included bone marrow, cerebral, and craniofacial abnormalities. The aim of this study was to further define the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of the disorder by summarizing the five published cases and an additional case that we identified through whole‐exome sequencing performed at the University of Toronto.MethodsClinical data was extracted from the Canadian Inherited Marrow Failure Registry. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify causative mutations.ResultsAll six cases had homozygous truncating mutations either at or upstream of the helicase domain of ERCC6L2. All patients displayed bone marrow failure, learning or developmental delay and microcephaly. Our patient was unique in displaying features of cerebellar disease, including ataxia and dysmetria as well as an interval deterioration of the corpus callosum and generalized volume loss on MRI. Another unique feature of our patient was retinal dystrophy with macular involvement. Along with one other patient, our patient displayed craniofacial abnormalities by presenting with low‐set prominent ears, a pointed prominent chin, and deep‐set eyes. Leukemia is common among patients with inherited bone marrow failure, but thus far, none of the patients have developed this complication.ConclusionsERCC6L2‐associated disorder is a multisystem disorder. The phenotype spectrum includes bone marrow failure, cerebral, and craniofacial abnormalities, as well as cerebellar and retinal abnormalities.
Simple and efficient germline copy number variant visualization method for the Ion AmpliSeq™ custom panel
Authors: Nishio Shin‐ya , Moteki Hideaki , Usami Shin‐ichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in molecular genetic analysis using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) have drastically accelerated the identification of disease‐causing gene mutations. Most next‐generation sequencing analyses of inherited diseases have mainly focused on single‐nucleotide variants and short indels, although, recently, structure variations including copy number variations have come to be considered an important cause of many different diseases. However, only a limited number of tools are available for multiplex PCR‐based target genome enrichment.MethodsIn this paper, we reported a simple and efficient copy number variation visualization method for Ion AmpliSeq™ target resequencing data. Unlike the hybridization capture‐based target genome enrichment system, Ion AmpliSeq™ reads are multiplex PCR products, and each read generated by the same amplicon is quite uniform in length and position. Based on this feature, the depth of coverage information for each amplicon included in the barcode/amplicon coverage matrix file was used for copy number detection analysis. We also performed copy number analysis to investigate the utility of this method through the use of positive controls and a large Japanese hearing loss cohort.ResultsUsing this method, we successfully confirmed previously reported copy number loss cases involving the STRC gene and copy number gain in trisomy 21 cases. We also performed copy number analysis of a large Japanese hearing loss cohort (2,475 patients) and identified many gene copy number variants. The most prevalent copy number variation was STRC gene copy number loss, with 129 patients carrying this copy number variation.ConclusionOur copy number visualization method for Ion AmpliSeq™ data can be utilized in efficient copy number analysis for the comparison of a large number of samples. This method is simple and requires only easy calculations using standard spread sheet software.
A new matrix for multiphase couplings in a membrane porous medium
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Wang Manhui , Hicks Michael A. , Thomas Hywel R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe empirical Darcy's law of water transport in porous media, Fick's law of chemical diffusion, and Fourier's law of thermal transport have been widely used in geophysics/geochemistry for over 150 years. However, the strong couplings between water, temperature, and chemicals in a membrane porous medium have made these laws inapplicable and present a significant hurdle to the understanding of multiphase flow in such a material. Extensive experiments over the past century have observed chemical osmosis and thermal osmosis, but a model for understanding their underlying physicochemical basis has remained unavailable, because of the highly cross‐disciplinary and multiscale‐multiphase nature of the coupling. Based on the fundamental principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and mixture coupling theory, a rigorously theoretical and mathematical framework is proposed and a general model accounting for all of the coupled influences is developed. This leads to a simple and robust mathematical matrix for studying multiphase couplings in a membrane porous medium when all chemical components are electrically neutral.
Causal Association of Overall Obesity and Abdominal Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Rong , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Shiyun , He Zhen , Huang Yeping , Xu Bo , Li Yangyang , Zhang Hong , Jiang Feng , Bao Yuqian , Hu Cheng , Jia Weiping 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the causal effect of overall obesity and abdominal obesity on type 2 diabetes among Chinese Han individuals.MethodsThe causal relationship of BMI and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) with the risk of glucose deterioration and glycemic traits was compared using two different genetic instruments based on 30 BMI loci and 6 WHR loci with Mendelian randomization (MR) in three prospective cohorts (n = 6,476).ResultsEach 1‐SD genetically instrumented higher WHR was associated with a 65.7% higher risk of glucose deterioration (95% CI = 1.069‐2.569, P = 0.024), whereas no significant association of BMI with glucose deterioration was observed. Furthermore, a causal relationship was found only between BMI and homeostatic model assessment β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) (β = 0.143, P = 0.001), and there was a nominal association with Stumvoll second‐phase insulin secretion traits (β = 0.074, P = 0.022). The significance level did not persist in sensitivity analyses, except in the causal estimate of WHR on the Gutt index in MR‐Egger (β = −0.379, P = 0.022) and the causal estimate of BMI on homeostatic model assessment β‐cell function in weighted median MR (β = 0.128, P = 0.017).ConclusionsThe data from this study support the potential causal relationship between abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia, which may be driven by aggravated insulin resistance, in contrast with the potential causal relationship between overall obesity and insulin secretion.
Acute toxicity of craniospinal irradiation with volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in children with solid tumors
Authors: Wong Kenneth K. , Ragab Omar , Tran Hung N. , Pham Anthony , All Sean , Waxer Jonathan , Olch Arthur J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCraniospinal irradiation (CSI) is an important part of curative radiation therapy (RT) for many types of pediatric brain or solid tumors. After conventional CSI, long term survivors may experience sequelae due to unintended dose to normal tissue. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) CSI reduces off‐target doses at the cost of greater complexity and error risk, and we describe our initial experience in a group of pediatric patients with solid tumors presenting with disseminated or recurrent disease.ProcedurePediatric patients with brain tumors were identified at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from 2013 to 2015. Clinical characteristics, acute toxicity, and radiotherapy data were abstracted from their medical records. We identified 19 patients who received VMAT CSI. Quality assurance was performed with a cylindrical detector array and ion chamber measurements at the arc junctions.ResultsPatients had medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuro‐ectodermal tumor (n = 14, 11 high risk), germ cell tumors (two), relapsed neuroblastoma (two), and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (one). The most common acute toxicity was hematologic, including leukopenia (11% grade [Gr] 2, 26% Gr 3, and 63% Gr 4), anemia (89% Gr 2), and thrombocytopenia (16% Gr 1–2, 26% Gr 3, and 37% Gr 4). Despite leukopenia, we encountered only two Gr 3 infections (urinary tract and lung). The majority required blood products (89% red blood cells and 68% platelets). Weight loss was also common (47% Gr 1 and 26% Gr 2).ConclusionsVMAT CSI, along with chemotherapy and anesthesia, is feasible with supportive care. Daily image‐guided RT improves accuracy and reduces the risk of spinal cord overdose without increasing treatment time. Further research is needed to determine whether reducing doses to organs, such as thyroid, heart, or hippocampus, offsets the risk of increased volume of low‐dose irradiation.
Malignant tumors misdiagnosed as benign vascular anomalies
Authors: Scorletti Federico , Hammill Adrienne , Patel Manish , Ricci Kiersten , Dasgupta Roshni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalignant soft tissue tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose in children. These can initially be misdiagnosed as benign vascular anomalies. Management of these two conditions differs drastically and delay in diagnosis may impact overall survival.PurposeTo predict qualities that may increase the index of suspicion for malignancy in patients presenting with lesions initially considered vascular anomalies.MethodsA retrospective review at a quaternary hemangioma and vascular malformation center of all patients who presented between 2008 and 2016 with an initial diagnosis of a benign vascular malformation, which on further work‐up was noted to be a malignancy. Demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory and radiologic studies were analyzed.ResultsEleven patients were identified; the median age at presentation was 2 months (0–24years). Ten out of 11 lesions had rapid growth, which prompted biopsy. Pain was an inconsistent finding (36%). Tumor markers were positive in only one case. Median follow‐up was 3 years (range 6 months to 8 years); seven patients have no evidence of disease, two patients are under treatment for progression or relapse of disease, and two patients have died.ConclusionAlthough malignant vascular tumors are rare, a clear index of suspicion needs to be maintained particularly with rapid growth or increasing symptoms. Differentiation of malignant tumor from benign lesions relies on the comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, evolution of the lesion, and abnormal clinical behavior, by an experienced multidisciplinary vascular malformation team. There should be a low threshold for biopsy of unclear vascular lesions.
Scrambler therapy efficacy and safety for neuropathic pain correlated with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy in adolescents: A preliminary study
Authors: Tomasello Caterina , Pinto Rita Maria , Mennini Chiara , Conicella Elena , Stoppa Francesca , Raucci Umberto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of chemotherapy, in need of effective treatment. Preliminary data support the efficacy of scrambler therapy (ST), a noninvasive cutaneous electrostimulation device, in adults with CIPN. We test the efficacy, safety, and durability of ST for neuropathic pain in adolescents with CIPN.Patients and MethodsWe studied nine pediatric patients with cancer and CIPN who received ST for pain control. Each patient received 45‐min daily sessions for 10 consecutive days as a first step, but some of them required additional treatment.ResultsPain significantly improved comparing Numeric Rate Scale after 10 days of ST (9.22 ± 0.83 vs. 2.33 ± 2.34; P < 0.001) and at the end of the optimized cycle (EOC) (9.22 ± 0.83 vs. 0.11 ± 0.33, P < 0.001). The improvement in quality of life was significantly reached on pain interference with general activity (8.67 ± 1.66 vs. 3.33 ± 2.12, P < 0.0001), mood (8.33 ± 3.32 vs. 2.78 ± 2.82, P < 0.0005), walking ability (10.00 vs. 2.78 ± 1.22, P < 0.0001), sleep (7.56 ± 2.24 vs. 2.67 ± 1.41, P < 0.001), and relations with people (7.89 ± 2.03 vs. 2.11 ± 2.03, P < 0.0002; Lansky score 26.7 ± 13.2 vs. 10 days of ST 57.8 ± 13.9, P < 0.001; 26.7 ± 13.2 vs. EOC 71.1 ± 16.2, P < 0.001).ConclusionBased on these preliminary data, ST could be a good choice for adolescents with CIPN for whom pain control is difficult. ST caused total relief or dramatic reduction in CIPN pain and an improvement in quality of life, durable in follow‐up. It caused no detected side effects, and can be retrained successfully. Further larger studies should be performed to confirm our promising preliminary data in pediatric patients with cancer.
FarmCPUpp: Efficient large‐scale genomewide association studies
Authors: Kusmec Aaron , Schnable Patrick S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGenomewide association studies (GWAS) are computationally demanding analyses that use large sample sizes and dense marker sets to discover associations between quantitative trait variation and genetic variants. FarmCPU is a powerful new method for performing GWAS. However, its performance is hampered by details of its implementation and its reliance on the R programming language. In this paper, we present an efficient implementation of FarmCPU, called FarmCPUpp, that retains the R user interface but improves memory management and speed through the use of C++ code and parallel computing.
Solid nuclei and liquid droplets: A parallel treatment for 3 phase systems
Authors: Ferrone Frank A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor solid phase self assembly into crystals or large diameter polymers, the presence of a liquid‐liquid demixing transition has been known to have an accelerating effect on the nucleation process. We present a novel approach to the description of accelerated nucleation in which the formation of solid phase aggregates and liquid‐like aggregates compete as parallel pathways to formation of dense phases. The central idea is that the small aggregates that would ultimately form the liquid phase are sufficiently labile to sample the configurations that would form the solid, so that the growing cluster begins as a liquid, and switches into growth as a solid when the aggregates have equal free energies. This can accelerate the reaction even when the liquid‐demixed state is thermodynamically unfavorable. The rate‐limiting barrier is therefore the energy at which there is a transition between liquid and solid, and the effective nucleus size is then concentration independent, even though for both nucleated demixing and nucleated crystallization, the nucleus size does depend on concentration. These ideas can be expressed in a chemical potential formalism that has been successfully used in nucleation of sickle hemoglobin, but not to our knowledge previously employed in describing LLD processes. The method is illustrated by considering existing data on Lysozyme.