bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids in trophic ecology: assumptions, applications, and implications
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKnowledge of the diet source and trophic position of organisms is fundamental in food web science. Since the 1980s, stable isotopes of light elements such as 13C and 15N have provided unique information on the food web structure in a variety of ecosystems. More recently, novel isotope tools such as stable isotopes of heavy elements, radioisotopes, and compound‐specific isotope analysis, have been examined by researchers. Here I reviewed the use of compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA) as a useful dietary tracer in food web ecology. Its three key features—(1) offsetting against isotopic variation; (2) universality of the trophic discrimination factor; and (3) sensitivity to source mixing—were compared with conventional isotope analysis for the bulk tissue of organisms. These three advantages of CSIA‐AA will allow future researchers to (1) estimate the integrated trophic position (iTP) of animal communities; (2) infer trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) in food webs; and (3) quantify contributions from different resources to animals, all of which are crucial for understanding the relationship between biodiversity and multi‐trophic ecosystem functioning. Further development of trophic ecology will be facilitated by both methodological refinement of CSIA‐AA and its application to a wider range of organisms, food webs, and ecosystems.
Comparison of Three Un-mixing Based Hyperspectral Image Fusion Techniques
Authors: Mani V. R. S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
With the availability of multi sensor data in many fields, such as remote sensing, medical imaging or machine vision, sensor fusion has emerged as a new and promising research area. It is possible to have several images of the same scene providing different information although the scene is the same. This is because each image has been captured with a different sensor. A non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) un mixing based fusion technique with vertex component analysis (VCA) based end member initialization and simple multiplicative update to improve the spatial resolution and to preserve the spectral resolution of the hyper spectral image is proposed. Its performance is analyzed with different number of iterations and end member initializations. A Constrained Non Negative Matrix Factorization unmixing based fusion technique is developed by adding a regularization term to the objective function to preserve the spectral resolution of the hyper spectral image, and its performance is analyzed with different number of iterations and end members. A rank two NNMF and hierarchical clustering based end member initialization and block principal pivoting algorithm based abundance estimation technique, for fusing hyper spectral image and simulated multispectral image is proposed and its performance is analyzed for different overlapping and non overlapping group of multispectral and hyper spectral bands. The performance of the above three methods are compared and analyzed. The obtained results show that the performance of rank two NNMF hierarchical clustering based fusion technique is better than the other two constrained and unconstrained NNMF un mixing based techniques. Also, the performance of these three proposed multi sensor image fusion techniques are compared with an existing image fusion technique.
Late Pleistocene Paleoflood Deposits Identified by Grain Size Signatures, Parsons Valley Lake, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Raja Priyanka , Achyuthan Hema , Geethanjali K. , Kumar Pankaj , Chopra Sundeep 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
A study involving grain size analysis was carried out from the Parsons valley lake deposit, Nilgiris, India to determine the depositional environments and paleoflood events since late Pleistocene period (~29,838 cal yr BP). A 72 cm lacustrine core was collected from the lake and eight organic rich sediment samples were AMS radiocarbon dated. The study reveals variations in the grain size distribution chiefly influenced by regional climatic conditions. Paleoflood events have been identified by the individual sedimentary flood signatures of varying changes in the magnitude of sediment supply from the background silty sediment matrix around ~29,838 and ~8405 cal yr BP.
The Investigation of Twin Tunnel Stability: Effect of Spacing and Diameter
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Singh T. N. , Bajpai R. K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The underground excavation became the backbone of developing as well as developed country due to unavailability of surface area and increase demand of space for transportation, water channeling, waste disposal and storage. Except for transportation, the crystalline rocks (high strength, low porosity and less permeability) are considered most suitable and safe space for the storage of radioactive waste as well as petroleum. The role of spacing between twin tunnel and tunnel’s diameter in its stability was carried out using finite element method. Not much research has been done on twin tunnel spacing in hard rock. In the present study, a total of ninety simulations were performed to investigate critical spacing of the twin tunnel in granitic rock mass. Twin tunnel diameter is varied from the 2 m to 10 m and their spacing varied from 0.2 to 2 times of diameter. It was concluded that minimum spacing should be 0.8 times of the tunnel diameter. It was also found that small diameter tunnel effects only near field but large diameter tunnel effect near field as well as far field. The vertical hole, approximately 3m diameter, containing radioactive waste canister should be drilled at the interval of more than 2.4m.
Exploratory Study of Archaebacteria and their Habitat in Underground, Opencast Coal Mines and Coal Mine Fire Areas of Dhanbad
Authors: Mukherjee D. , Selvi V. A. , Ganguly J. , Ram L. C. , Masto R. E. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Coal contains abundant microbial genera which include archaebacteria. The study of archaea kingdom in coal mines is a significant tool for knowing the relationship between coal and archaebacteria, the major role in geochemical cycle and application for further coal bio–beneficiation. The present study related to exploration of archaebacteria and their habitat in coal mining area of Dhanbad with reference to their ecology and nutrient availability that have evolve to grow under extreme conditions. Total six different sites such as two underground coal mines (Sudamdih shaft and Chasnalla underground mine), two opencast coal mines (Chandan project and Bhowra abandoned mine), Jharia mine fire and Sudamdih coal washery of Dhanbad was selected. Seven gram negative obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the selected sites. The isolated species were rod and cocci shaped and the colony was round, smooth, off white in colour and with entire margin and little are cluster of cocci in shape. The isolated species were identified as Methanococcus spp, Methanobacterium spp and Methanosarcina spp. Apart from that two thermoacidophilic sulfur oxidizing bacteria Sulfolobus spp was also isolated from Jharia Coal Mine Fire. The physicochemical and biological characterization of the habitat was also studied for the entire selected area.
Automatic Delineation of Structural Boundaries using Curvature Analysis of Bouguer Gravity Data in Parts of Northwest Himalaya
Authors: Ghosh G. K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Curvature describes about the bending of surface by which a surface deviates from flat plane or a curve deviates from straight. The Himalaya has numerous geodynamic features with complex geological setup and extreme undulating topography. In this context, interpretation of gravity data has been used for enhancing important features to delineate structural trend for understanding thrust-fault locations and crustal structural setup in north-west Himalaya. Gravity data interpretation not only help to study varying lateral changes in density with lithological changes but also properties of gradients to interpret sub-surface structure and edges of the geological features. Attempt has been made to interpret various curvatures analysis like maximum, minimum, most-positive and most-negative curvatures using Bouguer gravity data to estimate the automatic thrust-fault locations in Dehradun-Badrinath area falling in the north-western part of Himalaya, India.
Redox Condition, Nature and Tectono-magmatic Environment of Granitoids and Granite gneisses from the Karbi Anglong Hills, Northeast India: Constraints from Magnetic Susceptibility and Biotite Geochemistry
Authors: Anettsungla  , Rino Vikoleno , Kumar Santosh 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The Karbi Anglong hills (erstwhile Mikir hills) in northeast India are detached and separated from the Meghalaya plateau by a NW-SE trending Kopili rift. The Karbi Anglong hills granitoids (KAHG) and its granite gneissic variants belong to Cambrian plutons formed during Pan-African orogenic cycle, which commonly intrude the basement granite gneisses and Shillong Group metasediments. The KAHG can be broadly classified into three major granitoid facies viz., coarse grained porphyritic granitoid, medium grained massive non-porphyritic granitoid, and granite gneiss, which share a common mineral assemblage of plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz-biotite±hornblende-apatite-titanite-zircon-magnetite but differ greatly in mineral proportion and texture. Modal mineralogy of KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss largely represents monzogranite and syenogranite. The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss varies widely between 0.11×10−3 and 43.144×10−3 SI units, corresponding to ilmenite series (&lt;3×10−3 SI; reduced type) and magnetite series (&gt;3×10−3 SI; oxidized type) of granitoids respectively. The observed MS variations are most likely intrinsic to heterogeneous source regions, modal variations of orthomagnetic and ferromagnetic minerals, and tectonothermal and deformational processes that acted upon these rocks. The primary and re-equilibrated compositions of biotites from the KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss suggest calc-alkaline, metaluminous (I-type) nature of felsic host magma formed in a subduction or post-collisional to peraluminous (S-type) host magma originated in syn-collisional tectonic settings, which were evolved and stabilized between FMQ and NNO buffers typically corresponding to reducing and oxidising magma environments respectively.
Influence of Geo-environmental and Chemical Factors on Thermotolerant Coliforms and E. coli in the Groundwater of Central Kerala
Authors: Sreekala M. S. , Sareen Sarah John , Sivalingam Rajathi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Geo-environmental studies in parts of Ernakulam district (Kerala, India) were carried out. The study area comprises of sedimentary (Limestone, sandstone, Clay and Lignite) and crystalline (Charnockite and gneisses) rocks. The sedimentary terrain is characterized by confined and unconfined aquifers. In hard crystalline formations groundwater occurs under phreatic conditions in the shallow weathered portions and under semi confined to confined conditions in the deep-seated fractures. The study area is demarcated into five areas based on soil types. Climate is hot humid to hot summer with heavily raining monsoon. Two major rivers Periyar and Muvattupuzha drain through the area. Agricultural and industrial activities are prevalent in Ernakulam district. The major cause of pollution in the study area is due to the presence of coliforms. Detailed investigations carried out to identify the coliforms indicated spatial and seasonal changes in the distribution pattern. Monsoon and post monsoon showed significantly high total coliforms compared to pre-monsoon. Thermo-tolerant coliforms is high during monsoon season. This seasonal change could be due to the effect of rainfall, overland flow, nutrient load and temperature change. Wide variations in the coliform counts are observed in wells situated near rivers, canals, paddy fields and in water bodies lying close to pilgrimage center, fertilizer industry, and public places. It is noticed that the chemical characteristics of the groundwater influence the coliform survival. pH, nitrite, bicarbonate, hardness, and alkalinity play a significant role in controlling coliform count. At the outset, the study highlighted the impact of anthropogenic activities on ground water in a coastal district of Kerala state.
ASTER Spectral Analysis for Host Rock Associated with Porphyry Copper-molybdenum Mineralization
Authors: Sabbaghi Hamid , Moradzadeh Ali 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
This study is an attempt to understand the application of spectral image processing methods to ASTER data for mapping host rock associated with porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization. The application of remote sensing in identifying variations in surface mineralogy, structural elements, and lithologic contacts can help in identifying such relations. Signatures collected from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data is used to map the host rock of Zafarqand area. The study area is located in the central segment of the Urumieh–Dokhtar volcanic belt of Iran. The Urumieh-Dokhtar is a potential zone for exploration of new porphyry copper deposits. Band ratio, band math, false colour composites and principal component analysis techniques are used to refine the different lithologic units in the area. These methods showed the discrimination of acidic igneous rock from intermediate igneous rock and the boundary between igneous rocks using the shortwave infrared bands (SWIR) of ASTER at regional scale. Results have proven to be effective and in accordance with the results of field observations, ore microscopy examination and with reference geological map. In conclusion, the image processing methods used can provide cost-effective information to discover possible locations of porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization prior to detailed and costly ground investigations. The extraction of spectral information from ASTER data can produce comprehensive and accurate information for copper and gold resource investigations around the world, including those yet to be discovered.
Mir‐483 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting TRAF1
Authors: Niu Zi‐Yu , Li Wen‐Li , Jiang Da‐Lei , Li Yan‐Song , Xie Xiang‐Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs are important regulators during human growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs play important roles in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to reveal the biological function and direct target gene of miR‐483 in colorectal cancer. The biological function of miR‐483 on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells was then examined by Edu assay and transwell assay, respectively. Our findings revealed that miR‐483 mimic could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and migration. The target gene of miR‐483 was predicted by target scan software and identified by a dual fluorescence reporter system which showed that TRAF1 was a direct target gene of miR‐483 in SW480 cell line. These data suggest that miR‐483 is a colorectal cancer suppressor which could inhibit cell proliferation and migration, possibly via targeting TRAF1. The miR‐483 could be a potential treatment target for colorectal cancer.
An autopsy case of small vessel, childhood, primary angiitis of the central nervous system (SVcPACNS): suggestions for establishing specific histologic criteria for diagnosis
Authors: Dunham C. 
Published: May 2018

SVcPACNS is a rare inflammatory/immune disorder that typically affects the small blood vessels of the brain. SVcPACNS differs from most adult forms of PACNS by being predominantly lymphocytic, non-granulomatous and non-necrotizing. Previously healthy children are typically affected by range of signs and symptoms, including: seizures, headache, cognitive decline, behavior/personality change, focal neurological deficits and potentially a decreased level of consciousness. Treatment protocols featuring induction (steroids and cyclophosphamide) and subsequent maintenance phases (e.g., mycophenolate mofetil) have been demonstrated to yield favorable outcomes. Since SVcPACNS is characteristically angiography negative, the diagnostic gold standard is brain biopsy. Interpretation of these biopsies is often challenging given the histologic overlap between SVcPACNS and encephalitis. Distinguishing the foregoing is critical since the treatment of these entities is significantly different.Herein, a rare autopsy case of SVcPACNS in a 4 year old male is presented. This case provides a unique opportunity to review the Alrawi criteria for the histologic diagnosis of PACNS and establish/refine criteria specific to SVcPACNS. Generally, such criteria should feature: 1) an intramural and lymphocyte predominant infiltrate devoid of multinucleated giant cells; 2) structural vessel alterations lacking fibrinoid necrosis; 3) perivascular pathology supportive of an angiocentric process; 4) the absence of encephalitis; and, 5) the absence of a concurrent systemic or rheumatic illness that could account for the CNS findings.
The role of ATP and P2X purinoreceptor 7 in the pathogenesis of cerebral tau
Authors: Gao A.F. , Hazrati L.N. 
Published: May 2018

The tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal deposition of hyperphosphorylated-tau. The pathogenesis of these changes remains uncertain. In chronic traumatic encephalopathy, tauopathy is hypothesized to occur after repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Post-traumatic extracellular ATP release and signalling via the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) has been shown to be important in mediating pathological changes in TBI. We hypothesized that ATP-P2RX7 is involved in the development of tauopathy.We injected ATP analogue bzATP or vehicle intraventricularly into C57BL/6 mice, pre-treated with either intraperitoneal P2RX7 antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) or vehicle. At 2 weeks and 3 months, behavioural change was assessed with the tail suspension test, accelerating rotatrod, and fear conditioning; mice were then sacrificed for immunohistochemistry and western blot.We observed increased immobile time in the tail suspension test for mice treated with bzATP at 3 months. Similarly, for rotarod, mice treated with bzATP showed poorer performance at 3 months. These effects were diminished by BBG pre-treatment. Fear conditioning, however, did not demonstrate a significant difference between groups. Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP showed increased intensity at both 2 weeks and 3 months for bzATP-treated mice compared to those pre-treated with BBG. Levels of phosphorylated tau (AT8) were increased in bzATP-treated mice compared to controls.In summary, ATP-P2RX7-mediated mechanisms may play a role in the development of behavioural deficits and tauopathy.
Experimental investigation of in-line flow-induced vibration of a rotating circular cylinder
Authors: Zhao J. , Lo Jacono D. , Sheridan J. , Hourigan K. , Thompson M. C. 
Published: May 2018

This study experimentally investigates the in-line flow-induced vibration (FIV) of an elastically mounted circular cylinder under forced axial rotation in a free stream. The present experiments characterise the structural vibration, fluid forces and wake structure of the fluid–structure system at a low mass ratio (the ratio of the total mass to the displaced fluid mass) over a wide parameter space spanning the reduced velocity range $5\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 32$ and the rotation rate range $0\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\leqslant 3.5$, where $U^{\ast }=U/(\,f_{nw}D)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}|D/(2U)$, with $U$ the free-stream velocity, $D$ the cylinder outer diameter, $f_{nw}$ the natural frequency of the system in quiescent water and $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}|$ the angular velocity of the cylinder rotation. The corresponding Reynolds number (defined by $Re=UD/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ the kinematic viscosity of the fluid) was varied over the interval $1349\leqslant Re\leqslant 8624$, where it is expected that the FIV response is likely to be relatively insensitive to the Reynolds number. The fluid–structure system was modelled using a low-friction air-bearing system in conjunction with a free-surface water-channel facility. Three vibration regions that exhibited vortex-induced vibration (VIV) synchronisation, rotation-induced galloping and desynchronised responses were observed. In both the VIV synchronisation and rotation-induced galloping regions, significant cylinder vibration was found to be correlated with wake–body synchronisation within the rotation rate range $2.20\lesssim \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\lesssim 3.15$. Of significant interest, the frequency of the streamwise fluid force could be modulated by the imposed rotation to match that of the transverse lift force, resulting in harmonic synchronisation. Measurements using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique were performed to identify the wake structure. Interestingly, the imposed rotation can cause regular vortex shedding in in-line FIV at rotation rates that see suppression of the Bénard–von-Kármán vortex shedding in the case of a rigidly mounted cylinder ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\gtrsim 1.75$). There is a monotonic increase in the drag coefficient with rotation rate beyond $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=2$ for a non-oscillating rotating cylinder. This suggests that the mechanism for sustaining the large rotation-induced galloping oscillations at higher $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ is due to a combination of aerodynamic forcing from the locked induced vortex shedding associated with the oscillations, assisted by aerodynamic forcing, evaluated using quasi-steady theory.
Early riser, late bloomer: Contextualizing Turkish health achievements in the last 50 yearsvis-à-visChina and the global picture of development
Authors: Özen İlhan Can 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhere does Turkey’s performance in the health dimension of the Preston Curve stand with regard to comparable countries on the development ladder? When one observes the chronological progression of health and wealth values embedded in the Preston Curve for developing countries, one sees a near monotonic increase across the board, with only a very small number of downwardly mobile countries. In the face of this near-universal increase in health and wealth values, it is necessary to adopt a more comparative perspective in order to situate the Turkish state’s choices and performance within the general story playing out for developing countries in the second half of the 20th century. Utilizing just such a comparative framework, this article uses China’s experience between 1960 and 2010 as an alternative through which to understand Turkey’s development experience.