bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of goal progress and individual differences on self‐regulation in training
Authors: Donovan John J. , Lorenzet Steven J. , Dwight Stephen A. , Schneider Dan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study examined how individuals in an organizational training program regulated both their performance goals and effort in response to goal–performance discrepancies (GPDs), as well as the impact of individual differences (goal orientation) on these processes. Four hundred and sixty‐two employees participating in a high‐fidelity training simulation for a pharmaceutical sales position were observed over the course of 10 days to examine how they altered both their goals and individual effort in response to performance feedback they received from the organization. Consistent with past research conducted outside of the workplace, the results indicated that both goal revision and effort expenditure were significantly related to the GPDs experienced by individuals such that individuals receiving feedback that they were performing below their goal were likely to both set less challenging future goals and exert more effort. Results also suggested that this relationship was moderated by the employee's learning goal orientation (LGO) and performance‐avoid goal orientation. Individuals with a strong LGO were more likely to address GPDs by increasing effort, whereas those with a strong performance‐avoid orientation tended to utilize goal revision to address their GPDs. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Development, behaviour and autism in individuals with SMC1A variants
Authors: Mulder Paul A. , Huisman Sylvia , Landlust Annemiek M. , Moss Jo ,   SMC1A Consortium, Piening Sigrid , Hennekam Raoul C. , van Balkom Ingrid D.C. 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionDevelopment and behaviour in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), including autism characteristics, have been described infrequently stratified to genetic cause and only a few studies have considered behavioural characteristics in relation to developmental level. Here, we describe the behavioural phenotype in individuals with CdLS with SMC1A variants.MethodsWe performed an international, interdisciplinary study on 51 individuals with SMC1A variants. Results of questionnaire studies are compared to those in individuals with Down Syndrome and with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Results on cognition and self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) are compared to those in individuals with CdLS caused by NIPBL variants. For Dutch participants with SMC1A variants we performed direct in‐person assessments of cognition, autism, and added an interview and questionnaire on adaptive behaviour and sensory processing.ResultsIndividuals with SMC1A variants show a higher cognitive level and less SIB than individuals with NIPBL variants. Individuals with SMC1A variants without classic CdLS phenotype but with a Rett‐like phenotype show more severe intellectual disability and more SIB compared to those with a CdLS phenotype. Autism is less present if outcomes in direct in‐person assessments are evaluated taking developmental level into account compared to results based on a questionnaire.ConclusionsBehaviour in individuals with CdLS should be evaluated taking genetic cause into account. Detailed interdisciplinary approaches are of clinical importance to inform tailored care and may eventually improve quality of life of patients and families.
Developmental trajectories of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder: a high‐risk sibling cohort
Authors: Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bryson Susan , Brian Jessica , Smith Isabel M. , Raza Sarah , Roberts Wendy , Szatmari Peter , Vaillancourt Tracy , Roncadin Caroline , Garon Nancy 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience impairments in adaptive behavior.MethodsDevelopmental trajectories of adaptive behavior in ASD were examined in children from high‐risk (siblings of children diagnosed with ASD, n = 403) and low‐risk (no family history of ASD, n = 163) families. Children were assessed prospectively at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and underwent a blind independent diagnostic assessment for ASD at 36 months of age.ResultsThe semi‐parametric group‐based modeling approach using standard scores on the Adaptive Behavior Composite revealed three distinct developmental trajectories: (a) Group 1 (21.2% of sample) showed average performance at 12 months and a declining trajectory; (b) Group 2 (52.8% of the sample) showed average performance at 12 months with a slightly declining trajectory; and (c) Group 3 (26.0% of the sample) showed a higher level of adaptive behavior at 12 months and a stable trajectory. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning Early Learning Composite and the Autism Observation Scale for Infants total score at 6 and 12 months predicted trajectory membership.ConclusionsThe results emphasize heterogeneous development associated with ASD and the need for interventions tailored to individual presentations.
Histology and ultrastructure of hepatic nodular alterations in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Lukhwareni Refilwe , van Dyk Cobus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the macroscopic appearance, histology and ultrastructure of liver nodular alterations in sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from a hyper‐eutrophic freshwater impoundment. The livers of 25 fish were sampled for microscopy analyses, otoliths were collected for age estimation, and the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was calculated. The light microscopic analysis of the nodular tissue revealed hepatocellular and nuclear pleomorphism, pyknotic nuclei, variation in cytoplasmic appearance and focal areas of cellular alterations (FCAs). An increase in the size and number of melano‐macrophage centres, intracellular deposits, steatosis and giant cells was also identified. The ultrastructural alterations identified included cell membrane disruption, irregular shaped nuclei with augmentation of the nucleolus and deformed nuclear envelopes. In addition, we found dilation, proliferation, fragmentation and vesiculation of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Furthermore, there was an increase in degenerative mitochondria (transparent matrix), swelling of mitochondria and proliferation of both peroxisomes and lysosomes. The histological and ultrastructural alterations identified did not explain the variation in macroscopic colour of the nodules. We did not find a strong positive correlation between age and HSI; however, the oldest fish (18 years) did present the most nodules.
Physicochemical properties and stability of sucrose/glucose agglomerates obtained by cocrystallization
Authors: López‐Córdoba Alex , Navarro Alba 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlucose is used as ingredient in a wide variety of food and pharmaceutical products such as sport drinks, syrups, and tablets, among others. However, this monosaccharide can react easily with several substances (e.g., amino acids, peptides, and proteins) causing brown coloration and decomposition. In the current work, the cocrystallization of glucose with sucrose is presented as a useful strategy to enhance the physicochemical properties and stability of glucose. The sucrose/glucose agglomerates showed low water content (0.1–1.5 wt %) and water activity (0.4–0.7). Besides, all products showed values of dynamic angle of repose between 40° and 45°, which are characteristics of free‐flowing powders. The sucrose/glucose agglomerates were blended with sodium bicarbonate (5:1 wt/wt) and the resulting mixtures were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry before and after 12 days of storage at 75% RH and 20 °C. The thermal parameters were maintained almost unaltered for the formulations containing cocrystallized products.Practical applicationsGlucose constitutes one of the most used ingredients in food and pharmaceutical industries as a sweetener, cryoprotectant, and excipient, among others. However, this sugar tends to uptake water from the surrounding environment affecting its handling properties. In the current work, the cocrystallization process (an emerging encapsulation method) is presented as a useful way of enhancing the physical properties of glucose. Through the encapsulation of glucose by cocrystallization it was possible to improve the handling and technological properties of this sugar (e.g., flowability and stability). In addition, the interaction of glucose with sodium bicarbonate (a model of food ingredient) was prevented. These results could be potentially applied in both food and pharmaceutical industries.
Study on pesticide residues classification of lettuce leaves based on polarization spectroscopy
Authors: Xin Zhou , Jun Sun , Bing Lu , Xiaohong Wu , Chunxia Dai , Ning Yang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn order to effectively implement the rapid and nondestructive testing of pesticide residues in lettuce leaves, polarization spectral detection technology was used in this article. There were 90 pieces of lettuce leaves from five different groups, as well as a total of 450 samples of lettuce were used to collect polarization spectral information. CARS, IRIV, and SPA were used to obtain optimal wavelengths. BP neural network, KNN, and SVM were used to establish classification models. The results showed that the significance of these parameters from primary factor to secondary factor were incident zenith angle A, detector polarization angle D, detecting zenith angle B, and sample stage azimuth E, respectively. Besides, optimal level of A, B, D, and E were 60°, 45°, 30°, and 270°, respectively. Furthermore, the best classification model different kinds of pesticide residues in lettuce leaves was CARS‐SVM model, with calibration identification rate of 100%, prediction identification rate of 97.78%. It confirms that polarization spectral detection technology is a feasible and effective method for classifying different pesticide residues in lettuce leaves.Practical applicationsIt is of great significance to understand the effects of pesticide residues on the biological structure and to reveal new biological functions and mechanisms of action. In order to effectively implement the rapid and nondestructive testing of pesticide residues in lettuce leaves, polarization spectral detection technology was used in this article. In addition, the order and superior level of polarization spectral factor were obtained through the calculation of the range using orthogonal test. It confirms that the polarization spectra is a feasible and effective method for discriminating different pesticide residues in lettuce leaves.
Logit Price Dynamics
Authors: COSTAIN JAMES , NAKOV ANTON 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe model retail price stickiness as the result of costly, error‐prone decision making. Under our assumed cost function for the precision of choice, the timing of price adjustments and the prices firms set are both logit random variables. Errors in the prices firms set help explain micro facts related to the size of price changes, the behavior of adjustment hazards, and the variability of prices and costs. Errors in adjustment timing increase the real effects of monetary shocks, by reducing the “selection effect.” Allowing for both types of errors also helps explain how trend inflation affects price adjustment.
Methamphetamine decreases K+ channel function in human fetal astrocytes by activating the trace amine‐associated receptor type‐1
Authors: Dave Sonya , Chen Lihua , Yu Chunjiang , Seaton Melanie , Khodr Christina E. , Al‐Harthi Lena , Hu Xiu‐Ti 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMethamphetamine (Meth) is a potent and commonly abused psychostimulant. Meth alters neuron and astrocyte activity; yet the underlying mechanism(s) is not fully understood. Here we assessed the impact of acute Meth on human fetal astrocytes (HFAs) using whole‐cell patch‐clamping. We found that HFAs displayed a large voltage‐gated K+ efflux (IKv) through Kv/Kv‐like channels during membrane depolarization, and a smaller K+ influx (Ikir) via inward‐rectifying Kir/Kir‐like channels during membrane hyperpolarization. Meth at a ‘recreational’ (20 μM) or toxic/fatal (100 μM) concentration depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) and suppressed IKv/Kv‐like. These changes were associated with a decreased time constant (Ƭ), and mimicked by blocking the two‐pore domain K+ (K2P)/K2P‐like and Kv/Kv‐like channels, respectively. Meth also diminished IKir/Kir‐like, but only at toxic/fatal levels. Given that Meth is a potent agonist for the trace amine‐associated receptor type‐1 (TAAR1), and TAAR1‐coupled cAMP/cAMP‐activated protein kinase (PKA) cascade, we further evaluated whether the Meth impact on K+ efflux was mediated by this pathway. We found that antagonizing TAAR1 with N‐(3‐Ethoxyphenyl)‐4‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (EPPTB) reversed Meth‐induced suppression of IKv/Kv‐like; and inhibiting PKA activity by H89 abolished Meth effects on suppressing IKv/Kv‐like. Antagonizing TAAR1 might also attenuate Meth‐induced RMP depolarization. Voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents were not detected in HFAs. These novel findings demonstrate that Meth suppresses IKv/Kv‐like by facilitating the TAAR1/Gs/cAMP/PKA cascade and altering the kinetics of Kv/Kv‐like channel gating, but reduces K2P/K2P‐like channel activity through other pathway(s), in HFAs. Given that Meth‐induced decrease in astrocytic K+ efflux through K2P/K2P‐like and Kv/Kv‐like channels reduces extracellular K+ levels, such reduction could consequently contribute to a decreased excitability of surrounding neurons.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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The development of the cloaca in the human embryo
Authors: Kruepunga Nutmethee , Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Mekonen Hayelom K. , Mommen Greet M. C. , Meemon Krai , Weerachatyanukul Wattana , Asuvapongpatana Somluk , Eleonore Köhler S. , Lamers Wouter H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSubdivision of cloaca into urogenital and anorectal passages has remained controversial because of disagreements about the identity and role of the septum developing between both passages. This study aimed to clarify the development of the cloaca using a quantitative 3D morphological approach in human embryos of 4–10 post‐fertilisation weeks. Embryos were visualised with Amira 3D‐reconstruction and Cinema 4D‐remodelling software. Distances between landmarks were computed with Amira3D software. Our main finding was a pronounced difference in growth between rapidly expanding central and ventral parts, and slowly or non‐growing cranial and dorsal parts. The entrance of the Wolffian duct into the cloaca proved a stable landmark that remained linked to the position of vertebra S3. Suppressed growth in the cranial cloaca resulted in an apparent craniodorsal migration of the entrance of the Wolffian duct, while suppressed growth in the dorsal cloaca changed the entrance of the hindgut from cranial to dorsal on the cloaca. Transformation of this ‘end‐to‐end’ into an ‘end‐to‐side’ junction produced temporary ‘lateral (Rathke's) folds’. The persistent difference in dorsoventral growth straightened the embryonic caudal body axis and concomitantly extended the frontally oriented ‘urorectal (Tourneux's) septum’ caudally between the ventral urogenital and dorsal anorectal parts of the cloaca. The dorsoventral growth difference also divided the cloacal membrane into a well‐developed ventral urethral plate and a thin dorsal cloacal membrane proper, which ruptured at 6.5 weeks. The expansion of the pericloacal mesenchyme followed the dorsoventral growth difference and produced the genital tubercle. Dysregulation of dorsal cloacal development is probably an important cause of anorectal malformations: too little regressive development may result in anorectal agenesis, and too much regression in stenosis or atresia of the remaining part of the dorsal cloaca.
Patrilocal, Matrilocal, or Neolocal? Intergenerational Proximity of Married Couples in China
Authors: Gruijters Rob J. , Ermisch John 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe study describes current patterns of intergenerational proximity in China and analyzes the structural conditions that are associated with couples' proximity to the husband's and the wife's parents.BackgroundPatrilocality is a core aspect of the traditional Chinese kinship system and is deeply rooted in Confucian beliefs. In recent decades, however, this custom has been challenged by internal migration as well changes in family values and preferences.MethodThe authors model the effect of each spouse's household registration (hukou) origin, education level, and sibling structure on intergenerational proximity using a nationally representative sample of 4,256 couples derived from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies.ResultsAlmost 75% of married Chinese couples live with or in close proximity to the husband's parents. There is, however, a strong social gradient in intergenerational proximity, and patrilocality is particularly pronounced among rural‐origin and less‐educated couples. Matrilocal residence remains unusual, although it is more likely when the wife has no brothers.ConclusionThe custom of patrilocal residence demonstrates a remarkable resilience, even as other patriarchal traditions have crumbled in the face of China's Great Transformation.ImplicationsThe authors provide explanations for the persistence of patrilocality and discuss implications for intergenerational support, gender inequality, and son preference.
Use of psychotropic medications in general paediatric practice
Authors: Hazell Philip 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPaediatricians contribute the greatest proportion of prescriptions for psychotropic medication to children between the ages of 3 and 14 years in Australia. Medications indicated for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder are the most commonly prescribed, followed by antidepressants and antipsychotics. Outside treatment for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, most prescribing is ‘off label’. There are few searchable, up‐to‐date resources to guide psychotropic prescribing to children. The skill level required to manage pharmacotherapy is determined by the condition and the characteristics of the patient. Psychotropic medication should always be considered within the context of other interventions and environmental factors that influence emotions, cognition and behaviour. Beware the ‘medication fallacy’ that arises out of a misconception that if one medication does not work, there must be another that will.
Tips for managing treatment‐resistant enuresis
Authors: Caldwell Patrina HY 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnuresis (bedwetting) is common in school‐aged children and can impact health, psychosocial well‐being and quality of life. Although effective treatment is available, treatment resistance is encountered in about 50%. This paper discusses the management of treatment‐resistant enuresis from a multidisciplinary perspective. Causes of treatment resistance include lower urinary tract problems, constipation, incorrect alarm training techniques, sleep disorders including sleep apnoea and psychological comorbidities. Practical suggestions to address treatment resistance are offered utilising expertise from clinicians from different disciplines.
Diagnosing cerebral palsy in full‐term infants
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Fahey Michael , Roy Bithi , Novak Iona 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMore than 50% of infants with cerebral palsy (CP) are born at or near term, with the vast majority having pre‐ or perinatally acquired CP. While some have a clinical history predictive of CP, such as neonatal encephalopathy or neonatal stroke, others have no readily identifiable risk factors. Paediatricians are often required to discriminate generalised motor delay from a variety of other diagnoses, including CP. This paper outlines known causal pathways to CP in term‐born infants with a focus on differential diagnosis. Early and accurate diagnosis is important as it allows prompt access to early intervention during the critical periods of brain development. A combination of clinical history taking, standard clinical examination, neuroimaging and genetic testing should be started at the time of referral. Attention to the investigation of common comorbidities of CP, including feeding and sleep difficulties, and referral to early intervention are recommended.
Vitamin D attenuates human gingival fibroblast inflammatory cytokine production following advanced glycation end product interaction with receptors for AGE
Authors: Elenkova Martina , Tipton David A. , Karydis Anastasios , Stein Sidney H. 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectivesVitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3 or 1,25D3] is critical in musculoskeletal health, inflammation, immune response, and glucose metabolism. Patients with vitamin D deficiency may be at higher risk of diabetes and periodontitis. Diabetic patients exhibit exacerbated inflammation and more periodontal destruction. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during diabetic hyperglycemia, activate inflammatory pathways in periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) express receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) and can contribute to inflammation.ObjectivesDetermine whether glycated human serum albumin (G‐HSA) augments HGF IL‐6 and IL‐8 production, and whether treatment with 1,25D3 attenuates cytokine production following stimulation with G‐HSA + IL‐1β and/or IL‐17.Material and MethodsHGFs were incubated ±G‐HSA or normal human serum albumin (HSA), ±IL‐1β and/or IL‐17, ±1,25D3. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Neutralizing anti‐RAGE was used to assess AGE‐RAGE interaction. Endotoxin was measured using the ToxinSensor™ System. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons.ResultsG‐HSA or IL‐1β, but not HSA, significantly stimulated IL‐6 and IL‐8 production. G‐HSA or HSA when combined with IL‐1β or IL‐1β + IL‐17 synergistically stimulated IL‐6 and IL‐8. Neutralizing anti‐RAGE inhibited IL‐6 and IL‐8 produced by cells stimulated with IL‐1β + G‐HSA but not (+HSA). Synergism caused by HSA did not appear to be mediated by endotoxin since its levels in G‐HSA and HSA were not sufficient to stimulate fibroblasts. Vitamin D inhibited IL‐6 and IL‐8 production stimulated by G‐HSA or HSA + IL‐1β or IL‐1β + IL‐17.ConclusionsResults suggest that the “perioprotective” effects of vitamin D are related to its ability to regulate inflammatory cytokine production by HGFs following AGE‐RAGE interaction.