bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretching and Progressive Resistance Exercise in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fosdahl Merete Aarsland , Jahnsen Reidun , Kvalheim Kristin , Holm Inger 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of stretching and progressive resistance exercise on range of motion and muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:
Thirty-seven children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to III were randomized to an intervention and a comparison group. The intervention included stretching of hamstrings and progressive resistance exercise, targeting the lower extremities for 16 weeks, followed by a 16-week maintenance program. Passive and active popliteal angle and muscle strength were evaluated at 0, 16, and 32 weeks.

Results:
After 16 weeks nonsignificant improvements were found in passive, active popliteal angle and quadriceps and hamstrings strength.

Conclusion:
A 16-week stretching and progressive resistance exercise program followed by a 16-week maintenance program showed nonsignificant improvements in passive, active popliteal angle and muscle strength for the intervention group.
A Meta-analysis Assessing Diarrhea and Pneumonia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Compared With HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Infants and Children
Authors: Brennan Alana T. , Bonawitz Rachael , Gill Christopher J. , Thea Donald M. , Kleinman Mary , Long Lawrence , McCallum Caitryn , Fox Matthew P. 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Previous studies have demonstrated that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants and children experience morbidity and mortality at rates exceeding those of their HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) counterparts. We sought to summarize the association between HEU vs. HUU infants and children for the outcomes of diarrhea and pneumonia.

Design:
Meta-analysis.

Methods:
We reviewed studies comparing infants and children in the 2 groups for these infectious disease outcomes, in any setting, from 1993 to 2018 from 6 databases.

Results:
We included 12 studies, and 17,955 subjects total [n = 5074 (28.3%) HEU and n = 12,881 (71.7%) HUU]. Random-effects models showed HEU infants and children had a 20% increase in the relative risk of acute diarrhea and a 30% increase in the relative risk of pneumonia when compared with their HUU counterparts. When stratifying by time since birth, we showed that HEU vs. HUU children had a 50% and 70% increased risk of diarrhea and pneumonia, respectively, in the first 6 months of life.

Conclusions:
We show an increased risk of diarrhea and pneumonia for HEU vs. HUU infants and children. Although we acknowledge, and commend, the immense public health success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission, we now have an enlarging population of children that seem to be vulnerable to not only death, but increased morbidity. We need to turn our attention to understanding the underlying mechanism and designing effective public health solutions. Further longitudinal research is needed to elucidate possible underlying immunological and/or sociological mechanisms that explain these differences in morbidity.
The Impact of a Group-Based Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program on the Quality of Life in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Jacobs Herlinde , Bockaert Martine , Bonte Jan , D'Haese Mark , Degrande Jan , Descamps Line , Detaeye Ulrike , Goethals Willem , Janssens Jo , Matthys Koen , Muller Lieve , Van de Walle Hilde , Viane Ilse , Vlieghe Barbara , Grillet Michiel , Asher Rachael , Grillet Bernard , De Bacquer Dirk 
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective
Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have a substantially reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Their management should preferably focus on multidisciplinary nonpharmacological interventions. However, the long-term impact of such multicomponent therapies is not fully established. Waiting lists for patients seeking medical treatment are long, making individual-based approaches often unfeasible. The aim of our pragmatic study was to evaluate long-term HRQoL benefits of a comprehensive 8-week group-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program focusing on patients' coping ability and self-care.

Methods
A total of 94 patients with clinically confirmed FM agreed to participate in this study. Before entering the program based on group-based cognitive behavioral therapy and graded activity training, patients completed questionnaires to screen for comorbidities. Health-related quality of life was assessed at the start, at 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey instrument. Changes in HRQoL scores were analyzed according to linear mixed regression modeling.

Results
Baseline findings confirmed the substantially low physical and mental HRQoL in FM patients as well as high levels of depression, anxiety, and burnout. Only 2 patients left the program prematurely; 89% participated in the 1-year assessment. By the end of the program, HRQoL was significantly improved in all domains. This effect was maintained at 6 months and 1 year for all subscales. Changes at 1 year were greater in younger patients and those with depressive feelings before the start of treatment.

Conclusions
Our group-based program offered to FM patients proved successful with significant improvements in their HRQoL both in the short and long term.
Diverse Behavior in 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT of Brain Tumors in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Pena Pardo Francisco José , Moreno José María Borrás , Jiménez Aragón Fátima , González García Jesús , García Vicente Ana María 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes CNS tumors in around 20% of patients, being pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), and particularly optic pathway gliomas (OPG), the most common. We present three cases of NF1 patients referred for 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT because of suspected glioma in the setting of ongoing FUMEGA (Functional and Metabolic Glioma Analysis) trial. One case turned out to be a WHO grade I ganglioglioma; the second was a high grade glioma; and the last one (negative in PET) a probable low-grade glioma.
Specific connectivity with Operculum 3 (OP3) brain region in acoustic trauma tinnitus: a seed-based resting state fMRI study
Authors: Job Agnès , Kavounoudias Anne , Jaroszynski Chloé , Jaillard Assia , Delon-Martin Chantal 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTinnitus mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our previous functional MRI (fMRI) studies demonstrated an abnormal hyperactivity in the right parietal operculum 3 (OP3) in acoustic trauma tinnitus and during provoked phantom sound perceptions without hearing loss, which lead us to propose a new model of tinnitus. This new model is not directly linked with hearing loss and primary auditory cortex abnormalities, but with a proprioceptive disturbance related to middle-ear muscles. In the present study, a seed-based resting-state functional MRI method was used to explore the potential abnormal connectivity of this opercular region between an acoustic trauma tinnitus group presenting slight to mild tinnitus and a control group. Primary auditory cortex seeds were also explored because they were thought to be directly involved in tinnitus in most current models. In such a model, hearing loss and tinnitus handicap were confounding factors and were therefore regressed in our analysis. Between-groups comparisons showed a significant specific connectivity between the right OP3 seeds and the potential human homologue of the premotor ear-eye field (H-PEEF) bilaterally and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the tinnitus group. Our findings suggest the existence of a simultaneous premotor ear-eye disturbance in tinnitus that could lift the veil on unexplained subclinical abnormalities in oculomotor tests found in tinnitus patients with normal vestibular responses. The present work confirms the involvement of the OP3 subregion in acoustic trauma tinnitus and provides some new clues to explain its putative mechanisms.
Persistent trajectory-modulated hippocampal neurons support memory-guided navigation
Authors: Kinsky Nathaniel R. , Mau William , Sullivan David W. , Levy Samuel J. , Ruesch Evan A. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTrajectory-dependent splitter neurons in the hippocampus encode information about a rodent’s prior trajectory during performance of a continuous alternation task. As such, they provide valuable information for supporting memory-guided behavior. Here, we employed single-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice to investigate the emergence and fate of trajectory-dependent activity through learning and mastery of a continuous spatial alternation task. We found that the quality of trajectory-dependent information in hippocampal neurons correlated with task performance. We thus hypothesized that, due to their utility, splitter neurons would exhibit heightened stability. We found that splitter neurons were more likely to remain active and retained more consistent spatial information across multiple days than did place cells. Furthermore, we found that both splitter neurons and place cells emerged rapidly and maintained stable trajectory-dependent/spatial activity thereafter. Our results suggest that neurons with useful functional coding properties exhibit heightened stability to support memory guided behavior.
Motility induced fracture reveals a ductile to brittle crossover in the epithelial tissues of a simple animal
Authors: Prakash Vivek N. , Bull Matthew S. , Prakash Manu 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAnimals are characterized by their movement, and their tissues are continuously subjected to dynamic force loading while they crawl, walk, run or swim1. Tissue mechanics fundamentally determine the ecological niches that can be endured by a living organism2. While epithelial tissues provide an important barrier function in animals, they are subjected to extreme strains during day to day physiological activities, such as breathing1, feeding3, and defense response4. How-ever, failure or inability to withstand to these extreme strains can result in epithelial fractures5, 6 and associated diseases7, 8. From a materials science perspective, how properties of living cells and their interactions prescribe larger scale tissue rheology and adaptive response in dynamic force landscapes remains an important frontier9. Motivated by pushing tissues to the limits of their integrity, we carry out a multi-modal study of a simple yet highly dynamic organism, the Trichoplax Adhaerens10–12, across four orders of magnitude in length (1 µm to 10 mm), and six orders in time (0.1 sec to 10 hours). We report the discovery of abrupt, bulk epithelial tissue fractures (∼10 sec) induced by the organism’s own motility. Coupled with rapid healing (∼10 min), this discovery accounts for dramatic shape change and physiological asexual division in this early-divergent metazoan. We generalize our understanding of this phenomena by codifying it in a heuristic model, highlighting the fundamental questions underlying the debonding/bonding criterion in a soft-active-living material by evoking the concept of an ‘epithelial alloy’. Using a suite of quantitative experimental and numerical techniques, we demonstrate a force-driven ductile to brittle material transition governing the morphodynamics of tissues pushed to the edge of rupture. This work contributes to an important discussion at the core of developmental biology13–17, with important applications to an emerging paradigm in materials and tissue engineering5, 18–20, wound healing and medicine8, 21, 22.
Rituximab treatment for IgA vasculitis: A systematic review
Authors: Carbonell Cristina , Mirón-Canelo Jose-A , Diez-Ruiz Sandra , Marcos M Miguel , Chamorro Antonio-J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjetivesImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is an inflammatory disease with a controversial treatment based in corticosteroids as first line. To review cases of patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) treated with rituximab (RTX) and assess disease characteristics, treatment efficacy and safety.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, selecting articles with information on IgAV and RTX treatment up to February 2019, with no language limitations. We extracted data on patient characteristics, disease evolution, treatment safety and efficacy. We created a database and analyzed it using statistical software package SPSS v 22.0.ResultsWe extracted clinical data for 43 IgAV patients treated with RTX. Distribution by sex was similar, and the median age at diagnosis was 16 (range 2 months to 70 years). The majority of patients were diagnosed at a pediatric age (24 patients under 18, 55.81%). The time of disease evolution until RTX administration greatly varied. An important number of patients suffered renal complications (86%) before RTX treatment. The frequency of adverse effects from RTX was low (7%, hypersensitivity with no treatment interruption). In terms of disease evolution, 41 patients (95.3%) presented clinical improvement, 15 patients had recurrence after initial remission (34.9%) and 34 patients (79.1%) achieved full remission after completing treatment. None of the patients treated with RTX and included in our systematic review died.ConclusionsRTX is efficacious in patients with IgAV. A high percentage of patients achieved complete remission with a favorable safety profile.
The NALCN regulator UNC-80 functions in a subset of interneurons to affectC. elegansavoidance response to the plant hormone methyl salicylate
Authors: Zhou Chuanman , Luo Jintao , He Xiaohui , Zhou Qian , He Yunxia , Wang Xiaoqin , Ma Long 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNALCN (Na+leakchannel,non-selective), UNC80 and UNC79 form a non-selective, voltage-independent cation channel complex that affects a broad array of neuronal activities. The molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying the functions of the NALCN complex remain unclear. In a screen forCaenorhabditis elegansmutants with defective avoidance response to the plant hormone methyl salicylate (MeSa), we isolated novel loss-of-function (lf) mutations inunc-80andunc-79.unc-80andunc-79lf mutants exhibited defective MeSa avoidance but wild type-like responses to other odorants. Lf mutants ofC. elegans nca/NALCNexhibited similar MeSa-specific avoidance defect, while lf mutants of the NALCN regulatory genenlf-1avoided MeSa like wild type. Using fluorescent transgenic animals, we identified a subset ofunc-80-expressing neurons. Neuron-specific transgene rescue and knockdown experiments suggest that a subset of interneurons, primarily including AVA, AVE and AVG, might play a necessary and sufficient role in mediatingunc-80regulation of the MeSa avoidance. We found thatunc-79was expressed in neurons largely overlapping those expressingunc-80, which is supported by the rescue ofunc-80(lf)defects using anunc-80transgene driven by anunc-79promoter. We also suggest thatC. eleganslocomotion responds more sensitively to the changes of expression levels ofNALCN-related genes than the MeSa avoidance does. Together, our results identified NALCN-related genes as key regulators of the MeSa avoidance behavior and provided novel genetic and neuronal insights into the function of the NALCN channel complex.Author summaryNALCN (Na+leakchannel,non-selective) is a non-selective, voltage-independent cation channel that affects multiple neuronal activities and behaviors. Mutations in NALCN and its regulator UNC80 can cause serious neurological diseases. The regulation and function of the NALCN channel complex remain to be understood. From a genetic screen, we surprisingly found that the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansrequires NALCN and its two regulators UNC-80 and UNC-79 to escape from the plant stress hormone methyl salicylate (MeSa). Using methods including transgenic neuronal labeling, rescues and knockdowns, we found thatunc-80-expression in a subset of head interneurons, including AVA, AVE and AVG, might be necessary and sufficient to elicit the MeSa avoidance response. We also found thatunc-79functions in overlapping neurons asunc-80to regulateC. elegansbehaviors. Our findings provide novel molecular and neuronal mechanisms for understanding the regulation and function of the NALCN channel complex.
The relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals in Hubei Province, China: a modelling study
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Chen Qi , Zhao Bin , Hannah Mikah Ngwanguong , Wang Ning , Wang Yuxin , Xuan Xianfa , Rui Jia , Chu Meijie , Wang Yao , Liu Xingchun , Ran An , Pan Lili , Chiang Yi-Chen , Su Yanhua , Zhao Benhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveShigellosis has been a heavy burden in China. However, its relative transmissibility in male and female individuals remains unclear.MethodA sex-based Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious/Asymptomatic–Recovered (SEIAR) model was applied to explore the dataset of reported shigellosis cases built by Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017. Two indicators, secondary attack rate (SAR) and relative ratio of SAR between males and females, were developed to assess the relative transmissibility in males and females.ResultsThe number of cases and reported incidences in males and females demonstrated a significant decreasing trend (Male trend:χ2= 11.268,P= 0.001, Female trend:χ2= 11.144,P= 0.001). SEIAR model had a great fitting effect with the data of shigellosis (P< 0.001). Our simulation revealed that, when parameterβfm= 0, the greatest decrease in cases were obtained for different genders. The median value forSARmmwas 2.3225 × 10−8(Range: 1.7574 × 10−8– 3.8565 × 10−8),SARmfwas 2.5729 × 10−8(Range: 1.3772 × 10−8– 3.2773 × 10−8),SARfmwas 2.7630 × 10−8(Range: 1.8387 × 10−8– 4.2638 × 10−8) andSARffwas 2.1061 × 10−8(Range: 1.0201 × 10−8– 3.2140 × 10−8). The median value of relative ratio calculated bySARinmmversus (vs)mfwas 0.93 (Range: 0.75 – 1.47),mmvsfmwas 0.90 (Range: 0.41 – 1.81),mmvsffwas 1.07 (Range: 0.55 – 2.93),mfvsfmwas 0.99 (Range: 0.32 – 1.25),mfvsffwas 1.17 (Range: 0.43 – 3.21) andffvsfmwas 0.75 (Range: 0.35 – 1.06).ConclusionTransmissibility of shigellosis is different among male and female individuals. Shigellosis seems to be more transmissible in males than in females.Author summaryShigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is an infectious disease caused by the genusShigella spp. Developing countries have high disease burden of shigellosis. However, its relative transmissibility in male and female individuals remains unclear. In this study, we employed a mathematical model to explore the dataset of reported shigellosis cases built by Hubei Province, China from 2005 to 2017. Two indicators, secondary attack rate (SAR) and relative ratio of SAR between males and females, were developed to assess the relative transmissibility in males and females. We found that shigellosis has medium transmissibility among male and female individuals. The disease seems to be more transmissible in males than in females.
Design-airworthiness integration method for general aviation aircraft during early development stage
Authors: Tyan Maxim , Yoon Jungwon , Nguyen Nhu Van , Lee Jae-Woo , Kim Sangho 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Major changes of an aircraft configuration are conducted during the early design stage. It is important to include the airworthiness regulations at this stage while there is extensive freedom for designing. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an efficient design framework that integrates airworthiness guidelines and documentation at the early design stage.

Design/methodology/approach
A new design and optimization process is proposed that logically includes the airworthiness regulations as design parameters and constraints by constructing a certification database. The design framework comprises requirements analysis, preliminary sizing, conceptual design synthesis and loads analysis. A design certification relation table (DCRT) describes the legal regulations in terms of parameters and values suitable for use in design optimization.

Findings
The developed framework has been validated and demonstrated for the design of a Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 23 four-seater small aircraft. The validation results show an acceptable level of accuracy to be applied during the early design stage. The total mass minimization problem has been successfully solved while satisfying all the design requirements and certification constraints specified in the DCRT. Moreover, successful compliance with FAR 23 subpart C is demonstrated. The proposed method is a useful tool for design optimization and compliance verifications during the early stages of aircraft development.

Practical implications
The new certification database proposed in this research makes it simpler for engineers to access a large amount of legal documentation related to airworthiness regulations and provides a link between the regulation text and actual design parameters and their bounds.

Originality/value
The proposed design optimization framework integrates the certification database that is built of several types of legal documents such as regulations, advisory circulars and standards. The Engineering Requirements and Guide summarizes all the documents and design requirements into a single document. The DCRT is created as a summary table that indicates the design parameters affected by a given regulation(s), the design stage at which the parameter can be evaluated and its value bounds. The introduction of the certification database into the design optimization framework significantly reduces the engineer’s load related for airworthiness regulations.
Digital holography interferometry for measuring the mass diffusion coefficients of N2 in RP-3 and RP-5 jet fuels
Authors: Feng Shiyu , Li Chaoyue , Peng Xiaotian , Shao Lei , Liu Weihua 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to measure the mass diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in jet fuel using digital holography interferometry for cost-effective designing and modeling of the aircraft tank inerting system.

Design/methodology/approach
The mass diffusion coefficients of N2 in RP-3 and RP-5 jet fuels were measured by digital holography interferometry at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 343.15 K. The Arrhenius equation is used to adequately describe the relationship between mass diffusion coefficients and temperature. The viscosities of RP-3 and RP-5 jet fuels were also measured to examine the accuracy of the Stokes–Einstein model in calculating mass diffusion coefficients.

Findings
As temperature increases from 278.15 to 343.15 K, the mass diffusion coefficients increase 4.23-fold for N2 in RP-3 jet fuel and 5.13-fold for N2 in RP-5 jet fuel. The value of Dµ/T is not constant as the Stokes–Einstein equation expressed, but is a weak linear function of temperature.

Practical implications
A more accurate diffusion model is proposed by fitting the measured Dµ/T with the temperature and calculating the mass diffusion coefficients of N2 in RP-3 and RP-5 jet fuels within 10 per cent relative deviation.

Originality/value
A measurement system for mass diffusion coefficients of N2 in RP-3 and RP-5 jet fuels was constructed based on the digital holography interferometry. The mass diffusion coefficient can be expressed by a uniform polynomial function of temperature and viscosity.