bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace enrichment of phenylcarboxylic acids from a model biological fluid and serum of human blood
Authors: Popov Alexander Y. , Blinnikova Zinaida K. , Tsyurupa Maria P. , Davankov Vadim A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study was focused on the development of a solid‐phase extraction protocol for seven phenylcarboxylic acids from albumin solutions by using unmodified hyper‐cross‐linked polystyrene restricted access materials with crosslinking degrees varying from 100 to 400% (four of the acids are known to be markers of sepsis). The breakthrough volume of the most hydrophilic 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid rises as the sorbent bridging extent grows. Inversely, the breakthrough volume of the most hydrophobic 3‐phenylpropionic acid was found to decrease considerably when the degree of crosslinking exceeds 200%. This unusual pattern is because of the superposition of two opposite tendencies. Increasing substitution extent of phenyls facilitates their π‐π‐interactions with polar compounds whereas rising density of the network reduces the accessibility of sorption sites to all solutes. Mini‐cartridges containing 30 mg of an optimal sorbent take up the acids completely and reversibly, the recoveries being close to 100% even in the presence of high concentrations of albumin. By coupling the developed solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection technique, we managed to determine quantitatively phenylcarboxylic acids in the serum of a healthy patient blood, and the recoveries varied from 93 to 100% while the limit of quantification was (4–9) × 10−7 M.
Ultrasound‐Guided Biceps Tendon Sheath Injection: Spectrum of Preprocedure Appearances
Authors: Geannette Christian , Williams Danielle , Berkowitz Jennifer , Miller Theodore T. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of ultrasound (US) appearances of the extra‐articular long head of the proximal biceps tendon in patients referred for US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections.MethodsWe reviewed our US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections between January 2015 and December 2017, noting the appearance of the biceps tendon and sheath, as well as the needle size used, and what was injected. Clinical electronic medical records were also reviewed to determine safety and patients’ responses.ResultsA total of 300 US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections were performed for anterior shoulder pain. Preliminary US evaluations revealed that 129 of 300 (43%) patients had a normal US appearance of the biceps tendon; 110 (36.6%) had tendinosis; 13 (4.3%) had tenosynovitis; 31 (10.3%) had both tendinosis and tenosynovitis; 8 (2.7%) had a biceps tendon tear; and 9 (3%) had a history of a tenodesis. Of 81 patients who had pain relief after the injection, 41 had a normal tendon appearance on US, and 40 had an abnormal US appearance.ConclusionsA large minority of patients with anterior shoulder pain clinically suspected to be due to the biceps tendon have a normal‐appearing tendon and sheath. This should not dissuade the operator from performing the procedure.
Facile Synthesis of a Carnosine‐Pendent Cationic Polymer via Free Radical Polymerization and Application in Gene Delivery
Authors: Cao Leilei , Li Xiao , Wu Tiantian , Cai Xuetong , Zhang Yajie , Ji Jinkai , Zhang Xiaoran , Gao Yajing , Feng Fude 
Published: June 2019

Abstractl‐carnosine is a bipeptide with varieties of biomedical benefits, but rarely reported as a component in structurally defined polymers due to the unavailability of isolatable monomers. In this report, a simple method to synthesize a carnosine‐derived methacrylamide in three steps is established and a neutral polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mn 7.6 kDa, Ð 1.2) and high structural regularity is prepared via free radical polymerization, and a carnosine‐pendent cationic homopolymer is finally achieved after trifluoroacetic acid‐mediated deprotection without a concern of impurities such as metals. The antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, DNA‐binding capability, and gene delivery performance of the cationic polymer are also studied.
Multivariate Parametric Analysis for the Determination of Kinetic Rate Constants in 2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl Acrylate Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Herrera Fiorella Zenaida Fernandez , Vieira Roniérik Pioli 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPoly(2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl acrylate), synthesized via ATRP, enables the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers that can self‐assemble into spherical micelles quite easily. The new monomer used, 2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl acrylate (DFMOEA), presents great potential to lead the development of new advanced materials with partially fluorinated segments, since it is easily synthesized, and the polymers derived may present unique characteristics. Currently, few studies detail the polymerization kinetics of this class of monomers with thorough information on the influence of operational and kinetic parameters on the synthesis. This research develops a deterministic modeling to simulate the synthesis of poly‐DFMOEA via ATRP. A multivariate parametric analysis is performed to evaluate the combined effect of process parameters on the polymerization kinetics and on the properties. A statistical modeling is obtained with a mathematical simplicity that allows the determination of the parameters by adjusting curves to the experimental data of literature. The estimated parameters are used to compare the monomer conversion, molar mass, and dispersity with the experimental data using deterministic modeling. The good adjustment obtained confirms the feasibility of using the methodology proposed. Simulations of different reagent ratios suggest the use of high concentration of catalyst to obtain polymers with ideal characteristics for future applications in self‐assembled materials.
Disassembly of Crystalline Platelets of an Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Mediated by Varying pH and Organic Diacids
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Lin Yonghui , Tang Qiuju , Hu Wei , Wang Yaping , Lei Zhentao , Tong Zaizai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegulation of crystalline micelles is difficult to achieve because of the strong solidification of crystallization. In this present work, an amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PEO‐b‐PCL‐b‐P4VP) is prepared, in which the P4VP block serves as an H‐bonding acceptor. It is originally self‐assembled into crystalline lamellar micelles in aqueous solution. Subsequently, the effect of varying pH and organic diacids on morphological transition is investigated in detail. Lamellae‐to‐cylinder‐to‐sphere transitions are observed after decreasing the pH or with the addition of organic diacids with different chain spacers. The decreasing pH causes increasing hydrophilicity of the P4VP block, while adding organic diacids results in an increasing corona swelling of the P4VP segment, both of which lead to a decreasing crystallinity of the poly(ε‐caprolactone) core. Consequently, morphological variety changing from lamellar to worm‐like to spherical micelles can be achieved.
Antioxidation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation function of prxA gene in Mesorhizobium huakuii
Authors: Wang Sanjiao , Lu Tiantian , Xue Qiang , Xu Ke , Cheng Guojun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an essential role in the antioxidant activity and symbiotic capacity of Mesorhizobium huakuii. A mutation in the M. huakuii prxA gene (encoding a Prx5‐like peroxiredoxin) was generated by homologous recombination. The mutation of prxA did not affect M. huakuii growth, but the strain displayed decreased antioxidative capacity under organic cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH) conditions. The higher resistance of the prxA mutant strain compared with the wild‐type strain to more than 1 mmol/L H2O2 was associated with a significantly higher level of glutathione reductase activity and a significantly lower level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide content. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that under 1 mmol/L H2O2 conditions, expression of the stress‐responsive genes katG and katE was significantly upregulated in the prxA mutant. Although the prxA mutant can form nodules, the symbiotic ability was severely impaired, which led to an abnormal nodulation phenotype coupled to a 53.25% reduction in nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to an absence of bacteroid differentiation and deregulation of the transcription of the symbiotic genes nifH, nifD, and fdxN. Expression of the prxA gene was induced during symbiosis. Thus, the PrxA protein is essential for antioxidant capacity and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, playing independent roles in bacterial differentiation and cellular antioxidative systems.
Decreasing southwest monsoon rainfall over Myanmar in the prevailing global warming era
Authors: Satyanarayana G. China , Dodla Venkata Bhaskar Rao , Srinivas Desamsetti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe characteristics of the southwest monsoon (SWM) rainfall over Myanmar were studied using APHRODITE gridded daily rainfall datasets for the period 1951–2010. Myanmar, being an agrarian economy, is predominantly dependent on the SWM rainfall. The spatial distribution of rainfall (rainy days) has shown higher rainfall of 2,000 mm (>140 rainy days) over southwest parts, rainfall of ~1,000 mm (100–120 days) over north and eastern parts and an arid zone with rainfall of less than approximately 500 mm (<80 days) over west central parts, all indicating earlier onset over the southwest and late onset over the northeast. Analysis of the rainfall and rainy days between the two 30 year periods 1951–1980 and 1981–2010 representative of the pre‐global warming and global warming periods showed a reduction of rainfall by 100 mm and 5–10 rainy days during the later period of global warming. The Climate Research Unit and Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall datasets and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System global model simulated rainfall data for the current climate period exhibited a similar decline of SWM rainfall over major parts of Myanmar. The results indicated a 20% reduction in the mean westerly strength over south Myanmar in the global warming period, which was related to a decrease of the meridional gradient of sea surface temperatures over the Bay of Bengal. This study establishes two distinct rainfall zones in the southwest and northeast over Myanmar and a reduction of rainfall in the recent global warming period that will lead to a reduction in agriculture production.
Association between musk antibody concentrations and the myasthenia gravis composite score in 3 patients: A marker of relapse?
Authors: Triplett James D. , Hardy Todd A. , Riminton D. Sean , Chu Shannon Y.K. , Reddel Stephen W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibody related myasthenia gravis is characterized by bulbar and respiratory manifestations, a poor response to anticholinergics, and a generally good response to plasma exchange and rituximab. It is not known if MuSK‐antibody (Ab) levels could be used to predict the clinical course Methods: Three patients for whom frequent long‐term monitoring of MuSK‐Ab levels and the Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) scores were performed are described. Results: A close relationship existed between the MuSK‐Ab concentrations and the MGC score. Furthermore, a rise in Ab concentration preceded a more serious clinical relapse in all patients Conclusions: These findings suggest that MuSK‐Ab concentrations may be a useful biomarker for the long‐term monitoring of MuSK myasthenia gravis, particularly while in clinical remission. This may allow preemptive escalation of therapy to prevent clinical relapse, and conversely permitting greater weaning of unnecessary immunosuppression. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Who lived on the Swiss Plateau around 3300 BCE? Analyses of commingled human skeletal remains from the dolmen of Oberbipp
Authors: Siebke Inga , Steuri Noah , Furtwängler Anja , Ramstein Marianne , Arenz Gabriele , Hafner Albert , Krause Johannes , Lösch Sandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNowadays, the discovery and excavation of an almost intact Late Neolithic dolmen is rare, as those monuments were often visible in the landscape and have been investigated or destroyed in earlier times; therefore, information about the buried individuals has often been lost. The excavation of the dolmen, a stone grave chamber, from Oberbipp, Switzerland, in 2012 provided a unique opportunity to study human skeletal remains from a Late Neolithic collective burial (3350–2650 BCE). Over 2,000 fragmented and commingled skeletal elements were recovered and form the basis of this morphological study. Established morphological methods were employed to evaluate the minimum number of individuals, age at death, sex, stature, and the presence of pathological alterations and trauma. Sex was determined additionally by aDNA analysis. Elements of the entire human skeleton were recovered indicating a primary burial site. At least 42 individuals (femora) from all age classes (57%:43% adults to subadults) were buried in the dolmen. Based on aDNA analysis (n = 23, partes petrosae) slightly more males than females (44%:35% males to females, 22% indeterminate) were recovered. Stature was estimated from complete femora (n = 3) indicating an average body height between 154–157 cm. Pathological alterations and trauma could be observed on several bones, however, without indications for major interpersonal violence. The caries intensity of Swiss samples seems to be higher compared with other Neolithic European sites. A possible separation of burial areas for males and females based on the recovery of skeletal elements within the dolmen along with aDNA results is postulated. In addition, this article contributes to a better understanding of Late Neolithic populations in Central Europe.
Metabolomics of the alimurgic plants Taraxacum officinale, Papaver rhoeas and Urtica dioica by combined NMR and GC–MS analysis
Authors: Grauso Laura , Emrick Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano , Lanzotti Virginia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe phytoalimurgic plants, common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) are a source of nutraceuticals.ObjectivesTo apply a combined metabolomic fingerprinting approach by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettles to obtain simultaneous identification and quantitation of the major classes of organic compounds.MethodologyThe whole plants collected in the Cilento National Park were dried and then extracted to obtain non‐polar and polar organic extracts. GC–MS was used for non‐polar extracts while 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was used for polar extracts. In both cases, simultaneous identification and quantification of the bioactive metabolites was obtained.ResultsNon‐polar organic extracts of all plants were mainly composed of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. The two pentacyclic triterpenols α‐ and β‐amyrin were detected in nettle extract. The analysis of polar organic extracts allowed to detect and quantify organic acids and sugars as main metabolites along with amino acids, caffeoyl derivatives, flavonoids, and nucleotides. In particular, corn poppy leaves contained a huge amount of glyceric acid (55.7% of the total extract). Stinging nettles, instead, exhibited a large amount of choline (19.5%).ConclusionMetabolomic approach coupling GC–MS with NMR spectroscopy allowed to provide a detailed metabolite profile of three alimurgic plants, common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettle, from both a qualitative and quantitative point of view.
One‐sided runs‐rules schemes to monitor autocorrelated time series data using a first‐order autoregressive model with skip sampling strategies
Authors: Shongwe Sandile Charles , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Molahloe Thapelo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn some industrial or health‐related processes, it makes more practical sense to monitor either an increase only or a decrease only in the quality characteristic of interest. Consequently, in this paper, we propose four one‐sided Shewhart
charts supplemented with runs‐rules to monitor the mean of autocorrelated normally distributed samples using a stationary first‐order autoregressive model. To counteract the negative effect of autocorrelation, we implement a sampling strategy which involves sampling of non‐neighboring observations to form rational subgroups. The Markov chain technique is used to derive zero‐state and steady‐state closed‐form expressions of the specific shift performance metric, ie, average run‐length (ARL). Moreover, we compute the expected ARL metric which evaluates each monitoring scheme based on all specified range of possible values of the shift parameter, or more specifically, from a global point of view and thus gives a different perspective from the specific shift ARL metric. We observed that the steady‐state improved w‐of‐w and the improved 2‐of‐(H + 1) schemes yield a better overall performance than their corresponding basic counterparts for all different levels of autocorrelation. A real‐life example is provided to illustrate the implementation of the monitoring schemes proposed here.
High Energy Capacitors Based on All Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derivatives and Solar‐Charging Station Application
Authors: Wei Xijun , Hu Wanping , Peng Huarong , Xiong Yuli , Xiao Peng , Zhang Yunhuai , Cao Guozhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh energy and efficient solar charging stations using electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are a promising portable power source for the future. In this work, two kinds of metal‐organic framework (MOF) derivatives, NiO/Co3O4 microcubes and Fe2O3 microleaves, are prepared via thermal treatment and assembled into electrochemical capacitors, which deliver a relatively high specific energy density of 46 Wh kg−1 at 690 W kg−1. In addition, a solar‐charging power system consisting of the electrochemical capacitors and monocrystalline silicon plates is fabricated and a motor fan or 25 LEDs for 5 and 30 min, respectively, is powered. This work not only adds two novel materials to the growing categories of MOF‐derived advanced materials, but also successfully achieves an efficient solar‐ECs system for the first time based on all MOF derivatives, which has a certain reference for developing efficient solar‐charge systems.
Further Evidence of Within-Marriage Fertility Control in Pre-Transitional England
Authors: Cinnirella Francesco , Klemp Marc , Weisdorf Jacob 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The identification of parity effects on the hazard of a next birth in cross-family data requires accounting for heterogeneity in fecundity across couples. In a previously published article, Cinnirella et al. Demography, 54, 413–436 (2017), we stratified duration models at the maternal level for this purpose and found that the hazard of a next birth decreases with rising parity in historical England. Clark and Cummins Demography, 56 (2019) took issue with this finding, claiming that the result is a statistical artifact caused by stratification at the maternal level. This reply documents that our previous finding is robust to addressing Clark and Cummins’ critique.
“Lighter-Than-Air Craft”
Authors: Cave-Browne-Cave T. R. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySince I was asked in September last to read this lecture conditions ha\c •so chang-ed that it has, been necessary totally to re-cast and re-write what I then proposed to say. A large amount of information as to the lactual achiexe- ments of airships has been published and also perhaps an even larger amount of speculation as to their future possibilities. What will, therefore, probably Tdc of interest to a technical society such as this is a general outline of tlie ships as they exist at the stage to which they have been developed during the war.In order to make clear the various matters which inlluence the lift and behaviour of an airship, I have introduced a small amount of aerostatics which will appear obvious and unnecessary to many, but may help others to the understanding of the more interesting points treated later.The extent of the detail which I have been allowed to include in the lecture, although such matters have not been published before, leaves the Society with .a very deep debt of gratitude to the Admiralty.
Case of Isaac M. Brower (Claim No. 44)
Authors: Fromageot Henri 
Published: June 2019

This claim is presented by the United States on behalf of Isaac M. Brower for the sum of $1,250, with interest. It arises out of the disallowance of Brower's application for a Crown grant to certain lands in Fiji. The facts are as follows:In 1863, two American citizens, Thompson and Gillam, purchased from a Fiji chieftain known as Tui Cakau, a group of small islands, six in number, forming a part of the Fijian group. The islands were designated on the charts as the Ringgold Islands, the native appellation being Yanuca-i-Lau, meaning “bad islands.” They were not inhabited. Not more than three of them were of any potential value, the rest being described as “ mere rocks” (Memorial, p. 439), or “ sand banks” (Memorial, p. 424). The natives appear to have gone there intermittently to get turtles.
Sophocles, Ajax 601–3
Authors: Harry J. E. 
Published: June 2019

An enumeration of the emendations and interpretations of these verses would fill the space necessary for a whole article. Consequently, I shall proceed at once to a consideration of what I conceive to be the correct restoration of the passage.The last word of verse 601, ἀνάριθμος, is evidently genuine, and is accepted by all scholars. The preceding word, μήλων, has been changed to μηνῶν. Jebb regards this as a certain correction, for ‘in no other way can ἀνάριθμος be justified.’ That is true, if the adjective is to be taken with ἐγώ (as it is by all scholars); but, in my opinion, it agrees with χρόνος. Cf. ἀνάριθμος χρόνος (Schol.), O.C. 617 ὁ μριος χρόνος, Ai. 712 ὁ μέγας χρόνος. As we shall see, it is added as a reinforcement to παλαιός to convey the notion that the months seemed numberless because they were so cheerless. Cf. O. T. 561 μακρὶ παλαιοί τ' ༂ν μετρηθεῖεν χρόνοι.
Addendvm on Apvleivs Glosses in the ‘Abolita’ Glossary
Authors: Weir Robert 
Published: June 2019

In my article in the last number of the Class. Quart., dealing with Apuleius glosses in the ‘Abolita’ Glossary, there should have been, on p. 41, a note explaining the gloss ‘Aerugo: sanguisuga’ (p. 86, 10);What has happened to give the item this form? Perhaps the original entries were as follows:‘Aerugo: <?>’ (Met. 1. 21).‘<Hirudo>: sanguisuga’ (? Met. 6, 26).‘Aerugo’ must have been altered to ‘Herugo,’ and through confusion the two glosses became merged in one.
Apuleius Glosses in the Abolita Glossary
Authors: Weir Robert 
Published: June 2019

Loewe (Prodromus, p. 144) drew attention to the fact that Apuleius is one of the authors drawn upon by the compiler of the Glossary that has come to be known as ‘Abolita’; and Professor Lindsay in his article on this Glossary (J.P. Vol. XXXIV. p. 275) gives as examples of Apuleius glosses three short batches from the CA-, the CI-, and the CO- sections. These batches are respectively as follows:(1) C.G.L. IV. p. 29, 33 = Met. 7, 12 or 8, 13: 34 = Met. 9, 16: 35 = Met. 11, 16. (The ‘Abstrusa’ portion on this page runs from No. 6 to No. 32, and it is possible that the last item of the preceding ‘Abolita’ portion, p. 29, 5 ‘causor: accuso[r] uel queror’ comes from Apol. 79—causari.)