bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in intrathymic ILC populations during murine neonatal development
Authors: Jones Rhys , Cosway Emilie J. , Willis Claire , White Andrea J. , Jenkinson William E. , Fehling Hans J. , Anderson Graham , Withers David R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMembers of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family have been implicated in the development of thymic microenvironments and the recovery of this architecture after damage. However, a detailed characterization of this family in the thymus is lacking. To better understand the thymic ILC compartment, we have utilized multiple in vivo models including the fate mapping of inhibitor of DNA binding‐2 (Id2) expression and the use of Id2 reporter mice. Our data demonstrate that ILCs are more prominent immediately after birth, but were rapidly diluted as the T‐cell development program increased. As observed in the embryonic thymus, CCR6+NKp46− lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were the main ILC3 population present, but numbers of these cells swiftly declined in the neonate and ILC3 were barely detectable in adult thymus. This loss of ILC3 means ILC2 are the dominant ILC population in the thymus. Thymic ILC2 were able to produce IL‐5 and IL‐13, were located within the medulla, and did not result from ILC3 plasticity. Furthermore, in WT mice, thymic ILC2 express little RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand) arguing that functionally, these cells provide different signals to LTi cells in the thymus. Collectively, these data reveal a dynamic switch in the ILC populations of the thymus during neonatal development.
A simulated roadmap of hydrogen technology contribution to climate change mitigation based onRepresentativeConcentrationPathways considerations
Authors: Lazarou Stavros , Vita Vasiliki , Diamantaki Maria , Karanikolou‐Karra Diotima , Fragoyiannis George , Makridis Sofoklis , Ekonomou Lambros 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrogen as fuel has been a promising technology toward climate change mitigation efforts. To this end, in this paper we analyze the contribution of hydrogen technology to our future environmental goals. It is assumed that hydrogen is being produced in higher efficiency across time and this is simulated on Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). The environmental restrictions applied are the expected emissions representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 6.0. Our results have shown increasing hydrogen production as the environmental constraints become stricter and hydrogen more efficient in being produced. This increase has been quantified and provided on open access as Supporting Information to this manuscript.
Connectivity as an emergent property of geomorphic systems
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Brierley Gary , Cadol Daniel , Coulthard Tom J. , Covino Tim , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Grant Gordon , Hilton Robert G. , Lane Stuart N. , Magilligan Francis J. , Meitzen Kimberly M. , Passalacqua Paola , Poeppl Ronald E. , Rathburn Sara L. , Sklar Leonard S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractConnectivity describes the efficiency of material transfer between geomorphic system components such as hillslopes and rivers or longitudinal segments within a river network. Representations of geomorphic systems as networks should recognize that the compartments, links, and nodes exhibit connectivity at differing scales. The historical underpinnings of connectivity in geomorphology involve management of geomorphic systems and observations linking surface processes to landform dynamics. Current work in geomorphic connectivity emphasizes hydrological, sediment, or landscape connectivity. Signatures of connectivity can be detected using diverse indicators that vary from contemporary processes to stratigraphic records or a spatial metric such as sediment yield that encompasses geomorphic processes operating over diverse time and space scales. One approach to measuring connectivity is to determine the fundamental temporal and spatial scales for the phenomenon of interest and to make measurements at a sufficiently large multiple of the fundamental scales to capture reliably a representative sample. Another approach seeks to characterize how connectivity varies with scale, by applying the same metric over a wide range of scales or using statistical measures that characterize the frequency distributions of connectivity across scales. Identifying and measuring connectivity is useful in basic and applied geomorphic research and we explore the implications of connectivity for river management. Common themes and ideas that merit further research include; increased understanding of the importance of capturing landscape heterogeneity and connectivity patterns; the potential to use graph and network theory metrics in analyzing connectivity; the need to understand which metrics best represent the physical system and its connectivity pathways, and to apply these metrics to the validation of numerical models; and the need to recognize the importance of low levels of connectivity in some situations. We emphasize the value in evaluating boundaries between components of geomorphic systems as transition zones and examining the fluxes across them to understand landscape functioning. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term prediction of shotcrete utilization based on observations during tunnelling
Authors: Entfellner Manuel , Kluckner Alexander , Lenz Gerold , Poisel Alexander , Schubert Wulf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDisplacement curves in tunnelling depend both on time and the distance from the face and have thus not died down immediately after excavation. Therefore – the applied shotcrete lining experiences temporally variable loading, which depends on the forced strain curve and on the material behaviour of the shotcrete. Overloading of the shotcrete lining leads to crack formation, costly and laborious repair work and possibly also to dangerous situations for those present at the location, and should therefore be prevented. With the method presented in this article, which combines geological‐geotechnical parameters and the interpretation of measured displacement data, the accuracy of the short‐term prediction of the system behaviour can be improved. This makes it possible to react early to any potential overloading of the planned support and adapt it if necessary (e.g. changeover to ductile support). The article concludes with an explanation of the method through the example of the Semmering Base Tunnel, contract SBT 1.1 – Tunnel Gloggnitz.
The War on Landmines
Authors: Baer Christoph , Musch Thomas , Rolfes Ilona , Sachs Jürgen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDecades of guerilla warfare in Colombia have left behind a deadly legacy of thousands of landmines. Now a German‐Colombian partnership is developing new ways of detecting these often improvised devices. Innovative technologies such as these can help further the incipient peace process.
Development of the Adolescent Attitudes towards Dementia Scale (A‐ADS)
Authors: Griffiths Alys Wyn , Parveen Sahdia , Shafiq Saba , Oyebode Jan R. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThere has been an increasing interest in establishing dementia friendly communities leading to the development and delivery of various dementia awareness initiatives. These initiatives have generally been aimed at adults; however, to sustain dementia friendly communities, the involvement of young people is imperative. Very few dementia awareness initiatives exist for young people, and none have been independently evaluated to establish their impact. This research aimed to design and develop a scale to measure adolescents' attitudes towards dementia to allow such initiatives to be evaluated.MethodsThe Adolescent Attitudes toward Dementia Scale was developed in 2 stages. Firstly, cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 young people, and secondly, a new scale (based on items from 2 existing scales) was piloted with 262 young people, recruited through schools.ResultsA scale consisting of 23 items was developed. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that this captured 3 factors: perceptions of dementia, personal sacrifice, and empathy with people living with dementia. The 3 sub‐scales showed adequate internal consistency (>.60), correlated with the original scales (r = .79–.91, P < .001) and correlated with an existing measure of attitudes towards older people at a similar level to the original scales (r = .47, P < .001).DiscussionThe scale will allow the evaluation of educational initiatives for young people and provide a validated and standardised measure to establish adolescents' attitudes towards dementia.
The influence of the individual neuropsychiatric symptoms of people with Alzheimer disease on family caregiver distress—A longitudinal ALSOVA study
Authors: Hallikainen Ilona , Koivisto Anne M. , Välimäki Tarja 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesFamily caregivers (FCs) face a variety of demands while caring for persons with Alzheimer disease (AD). Longitudinal studies identifying the specific AD‐related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) that contribute to FC distress are rare. We analyzed which NPS in association with care recipient and caregiver demographic factors are associated with FC psychological distress over a 36‐month follow‐up period.DesignThis is a longitudinal study with annual follow‐up. Participants were people with AD (n = 226) and their FCs (n = 226).MeasurementsThe Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess NPS, and The General Health Questionnaire was used as a measure of caregiver distress. The effect of NPS on FC psychological distress over time was analyzed using a linear‐mixed effect model.ResultsDelusions (P = .003), agitation (P < .001), and sleep disturbance (P = .005) are associated with FC psychological distress. One of four people with AD developed delusions and agitation during the early stages of the disease. Sleep disturbances increased over the follow‐up time. A marital relationship was associated with FC distress, while some prevalent symptoms, such as depression, did not affect distress.ConclusionsDelusions, agitation, and sleep disturbances may cause distress to the FCs of persons with AD, especially if they live together. Clinicians should meet with FCs regularly and recognize those FCs at risk for a decline in psychosocial health.
The incidence and body site of skin cancers in the population groups of Astana, Kazakhstan
Authors: McLoone Pauline , McLoone Philip , Imanbayev Khalel , Norval Mary 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsData on cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in populations consisting of multi‐racial groups in the Commonwealth of Independent States are limited. Here, the main aim was to analyse the incidence and body site of these cancers in the population groups of Astana, Kazakhstan (2007‐2016).MethodsAnnual age standardised incidences and body sites of BCC, SCC, and CMM in Astana's population, divided into “Kazakhs and other Turkic/Asian” and “Russian and other European/Caucasian” groups, were calculated from histologically confirmed cases reported to Astana Oncology Centre.ResultsDuring the period January 2007 to October 2016, 647 skin cancers were diagnosed. The age and sex standardised incidence of BCC, SCC, and CMM increased significantly between 2007 to 2011 and 2012 to 2016. Higher incidences occurred in the Russian and other European/Caucasian group compared with the Kazakh and other Turkic/Asian group for the 3 skin cancers. BCC was the most common type of skin tumour, followed by SCC, and then CMM, in both population groups and sexes. The head/neck was the commonest site for BCC and SCC in all groups. For CMM, the most frequent site was the trunk in the Russian group and the head/neck in the Kazakh group.ConclusionThe incidence of skin tumours in Astana rose over the past 10 years. Differences in skin phototypes and sun exposure/ protection behaviours may account for the more frequent occurrence of skin tumours in the Russian population group compared with the Kazakh population group.
Writing Together: Online Synchronous Collaboration in Middle School
Authors: Krishnan Jenell , Cusimano Andrew , Wang Dakuo , Yim Soobin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe authors showcase the use of DocuViz, an information visualization tool, as a means to support middle school students’ online synchronous collaborative writing. The purpose of this study was to explore writing outcomes when students write in groups and independently. Providing students with a tool to help them understand their individual contributions to a collaboratively written Google Doc may be one reason why group‐written essays were significantly longer and received significantly higher rubric scores when compared with the independently written essays. Results also indicated that group writing had a positive impact on later independent essay writing. Student survey results reflect positive reactions to online collaborative writing. The authors conclude with a discussion of the theoretical contributions that this study makes to New Literacies Studies and provide guidelines for teachers interested in supporting students’ writing development through technology‐enhanced strategies that position students as partners in the writing process.
A review on application of graphene‐based microfluidics
Authors: Chen Xueye , Zhang Shuai , Han Wenbo , Wu Zhongli , Chen Yao , Wang Shouxin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis review reports on the progress of recent developments in graphene‐based microfluidics. The applications of graphene‐based microfluidics that are the focus of this work are illustrated and discussed mainly with examples from detection of viruses and disease, detection of proteins and glucose, detection of contaminants, and applications in sensors and material preparation. A variety of microfluidic devices integrated with graphene are expounded and analysed. This paper will provide an expedient and valuable reference to designers researching graphene‐based microfluidics for various applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactor modelling of treatment chamber for the inactivation of Escherichia coli by radio frequency electric field – mechanistic versus empirical approaches
Authors: Masood Hassan , Cullen Patrick J , Lee Nanju A , Trujillo Francisco J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDInactivation of Escherichia coli, suspended in McIlvaine buffer, was investigated by the application of radio frequency electric field (RFEF) under single‐stage, multi‐stage and recirculation flow configurations using a parallel‐plate treatment chamber. Changes in the survival fraction were correlated, through predictive microbiology, as a function of key process parameters: electric field strength, temperature, time and flow rate, as well as the intrinsic media properties: pH and electrical conductivity. Various empirical models, including Hülsheger, Peleg, Geeraerd and Weibull were compared with mechanistic models, such as the first‐order exponential decay and the two‐term exponential models. Mechanistic models were employed to formulate reactor models by performing differential mass balances over the inactivation chambers, with plug‐flow‐reactor (PFR) assumption for single‐ and multi‐stage configurations, and differential PFR for recirculation configuration.RESULTSThe single‐stage configuration with variable flow rate was proven unsuitable for kinetic studies. Nonlinear logarithmic inactivation profiles were observed with multi‐stage and recirculation. The two‐term exponential mechanistic model effectively explained the kinetics of inactivation. Treatment chambers were successfully modelled mechanistically with reaction engineering principles. Common kinetic constants fitted the experimental data for all flow configurations. The intrinsic properties of media also influenced process kinetics.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of variable resistances amongst microbial population adds nonlinearity in RFEF processing with the extension of the treatment time. The research showed that unlike empirical models, the mechanistic approach can explain the complex inactivation behaviour for all flow configurations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphological and kinematic specializations of walking frogs
Authors: Reynaga Crystal M. , Astley Henry C. , Azizi Emanuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe anuran body plan is defined by morphological features associated with saltatory locomotion, but these specializations may have functional consequences for other modes of locomotion. Several frog species use a quadrupedal walking gait as their primary mode of locomotion, characterized by limbs that move in diagonal pairs. Here, we examine how walking species may deviate from the ancestral body plan and how the kinematics of a quadrupedal gait are modified to accommodate the anuran body plan. We use a comparative analysis of limb lengths to test the hypothesis that quadrupedal anurans shift away from the standard anuran condition defined by short forelimbs and long hindlimbs. We also use three‐dimensional high‐speed videography in four anuran species (Kassina senegalensis, Melanophryniscus stelzneri, Phrynomantis bifasciatus, and Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis) to characterize footfall patterns and body posture during quadrupedal locomotion, measuring the angle and timing of joint excursions in the fore‐ and hindlimb during walking to compare kinematics between limbs of disparate lengths. Our results show frogs specialized for walking tend to have less disparity in the lengths of their fore‐ and hindlimbs compared with other anurans. We find quadrupedal walking species use a vertically retracted hindlimb posture to accommodate their relatively longer hindlimbs and minimize body pitch angle during a stride. Overall, this novel quadrupedal gait can be accommodated by changes in limb posture during locomotion and changes in the relative limb lengths of walking specialists.
Comparison of organically and conventionally produced Batavia type lettuce stored in modified atmosphere packaging for postharvest quality and nutritional parameters
Authors: Kurubas Mehmet S , Maltas Ahmet S , Dogan Adem , Kaplan Mustafa , Erkan Mustafa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe impacts of organic and conventional production systems on postharvest life and quality parameters of Batavia type 'Caipira' lettuce heads (Lactuca sativaL.) were investigated. Harvested lettuce heads grown in two different production systems were stored at 0 °C temperature and 95–98% relative humidity for 20 days in modified atmosphere packaging.RESULTSThe lowest weight loss, the highest ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity were obtained from the organic production system (Org‐2). The conventional production system had higher total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolic contents. During the shelf‐life period at 20 °C, the weight losses of lettuce heads grown conventionally were higher than with the other production system. Conventionally grown heads had higher titratable acidity and total phenolic contents than organically grown heads. The highest titratable acidity andh° values were obtained from the plants grown under conventional and organic production systems (Org‐2), while the highest chroma value and antioxidant activity were detected from the control treatment. The highest ascorbic acid content was detected in the control treatment, but the effects of control, organic (Org‐2) and conventional production systems on ascorbic acid content were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that the organic production system (Org‐2) was the most effective treatment in prolonging postharvest life and protecting the quality of Batavia type 'Caipira' lettuce heads stored in modified atmosphere packaging. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of fungicides and weather on cyclodepsipeptide‐producing Fusarium spp. and beauvericin and enniatin levels in wheat grains
Authors: Decleer Marlies , Landschoot Sofie , De Saeger Sarah , Rajkovic Andrea , Audenaert Kris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium head blight (FHB) is a well‐known disease of wheat caused by a complex of Fusarium species. In this research, an extensive study on the occurrence of the emerging Fusarium cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins was conducted in Belgian wheat grains harvested in 2015 and 2016. To assess the link between Fusarium species and their mycotoxin production, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify the cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxins, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify the presence of Fusarium species.RESULTSIt was shown that enniatins were mainly associated with the presence of F. avenaceum, while beauvericin, despite its low incidence, correlated significantly with F. poae. The application of fungicides resulted in a species shift and in the occurring mycotoxins. Concerning the effect of weather conditions, it was seen that levels of enniatins were positively correlated with the rainfall in May and June, while a negative correlation was observed with rainfall in the first half of July.CONCLUSIONOur study provides new insights into the occurrence of the emerging cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxins in an agro‐ecosystem in which fungicides are the main control measure against FHB. It seems that beauvericin and enniatin levels are affected by different parameters and behave differently upon application of fungicides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic diversity analysis of selected Capsicum annuum genotypes based on morphophysiological, yield characteristics and their biochemical properties
Authors: Ridzuan Raihana , Rafii Mohd Y , Mohammad Yusoff Martini , Ismail Siti Izera , Miah Gous , Usman Magaji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAssessment of the different desirable characters among chili genotypes has expanded the effective selection for crop improvement. Identification of genetically superior parents is important in assortment of the best parents to develop new chili hybrids.RESULTSThis study was done to assess the hereditary assorted variety of selected genotypes of Capsicum annuum based on their morphophysiological and yield traits in two planting seasons. The biochemical properties, capsaicinoid content (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), total phenolics content and antioxidant action determination of unripe and ripe chili pepper fruits were carried out in dry fruits. AVPP9813 and Kulai 907 were observed to have high fruit yields, with 541.39 and 502.64 g per plant, respectively. The most increased genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were shown by the fruit number per plant (49.71% and 66.04%, respectively). High heritability was observed in yield characters viz‐à‐viz fruit weight, length and girth and indicated high genetic advance. Eight groups were obtained from the cluster analysis. For the biochemical analysis, the capsaicinoid content and total phenolic content were high in Chili Bangi 3 at unripe and ripe fruit stages, while for antioxidant activity SDP203 was the highest in ripe dry fruit.CONCLUSIONHigher GCV and PCV, combined with moderate to high heritability and high hereditary progress, were seen in number of fruit per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit weight per fruit. These findings are beneficial for chili pepper breeders to select desirable quantitative characters in C. annuum in their breeding program. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
More Than Beam Profiling
Authors: Koglbauer Andreas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith its unique design and fabrication possibilities, additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly gaining relevance in a wide field of scientific and industrial applications. Especially when considering industrial exploitation, a sound knowledge and control of the influential factors dominating the process is crucial, to ensure constant quality. In addition to the properties of the laser spot as the actual tool processing the powder, also the behavior of the deflection unit plays a key role. However, current state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic devices do not fully address these issues.