bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of the lung from blast overpressure by stress wave decouplers, buffer plates or sandwich panels
Authors: Sedman Andrew , Hepper A 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionThis paper outlines aspects of UK Ministry of Defence’s research and development of blast overpressure protection technologies appropriate for use in body armour, with the aim of both propagating new knowledge and updating existing information.MethodsTwo simple models are introduced not only to focus the description of the mechanism by which the lungs can be protected, but also to provide a bridge between fields of research that may hold the key to further advances in protection technology and related body armour.ResultsProtection can be provided to the lungs by decoupling the stress wave transmission into the thorax by managing the blast energy imparted through the protection system.ConclusionsIt is proposed that the utility of the existing ‘simple decoupler’ blast overpressure protection is reviewed in light of recent developments in the treatment of those sustaining both overpressure and fragment injuries. It is anticipated that further advances in protection technology may be generated by those working in other fields on the analogous technologies of ‘buffer plates’ and ‘sandwich panels’.
k ⋅ p calculations of bismuth induced changes in band structure of InN1−xBix, GaN1−xBix and AlN1−xBix alloys
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Lu Pengfei , Chen Yingjie , Liang Dan , Zhang Chunfang , Quhe Ruge , Wang Shumin 
Published: March 2018

Valence band anticrossing (VBAC) model is used to investigate band structure of InN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text], GaN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] and AlN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] for the purpose of optimal performance group-III nitride related devices. Obvious reduction in band gap and increase in spin–orbit splitting energy are founded by doping dilute concentration of bismuth in all these III-N material. The band gap of GaN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] and AlN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] show a step change, and this can be explained by the special position relation between of Bi impurity energy level with corresponding host’s band offsets. We also show how bismuth may be used to form alloys by finding the doping region [Formula: see text] which can provide a means of suppressing non-radiative CHSH (hot-hole producing) Auger recombination and inter-valence band absorption. For InN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text], bismuth concentration beyond 1.25% is found to be corresponding to the range of [Formula: see text] and it shows a continuous adjustable band gap from 0.7 eV to zero. This may make InN[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] a potential candidate for near or mid-infrared optoelectronic applications.
Germline Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wei Xiaomu , Calvo-Vidal M. Nieves , Chen Siwei , Wu Gang , Revuelta Maria V. , Sun Jian , Zhang Jinghui , Walsh Michael F. , Nichols Kim E. , Joseph Vijai , Snyder Carrie , Vachon Celine M. , McKay James D. , Wang Shu-Ping , Jayabalan David S. , Jacobs Lauren M. , Becirovic Dina , Waller Rosalie G. , Artomov Mykyta , Viale Agnes , Patel Jayeshkumar , Phillip Jude , Chen-Kiang Selina , Curtin Karen , Salama Mohamed , Atanackovic Djordje , Niesvizky Ruben , Landgren Ola , Slager Susan L. , Godley Lucy A. , Churpek Jane , Garber Judy E. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Daly Mark J. , Roeder Robert G. , Dumontet Charles , Lynch Henry T. , Mullighan Charles G. , Camp Nicola J. , Offit Kenneth , Klein Robert J. , Yu Haiyuan , Cerchietti Leandro , Lipkin Steven M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Given the frequent and largely incurable occurrence of multiple myeloma, identification of germline genetic mutations that predispose cells to multiple myeloma may provide insight into disease etiology and the developmental mechanisms of its cell of origin, the plasma cell (PC). Here, we identified familial and early-onset multiple myeloma kindreds with truncating mutations in lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), an epigenetic transcriptional repressor that primarily demethylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we found higher rates of germline truncating and predicted deleterious missense KDM1A mutations in patients with multiple myeloma unselected for family history compared with controls. Both monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma cells have significantly lower KDM1A transcript levels compared with normal PCs. Transcriptome analysis of multiple myeloma cells from KDM1A mutation carriers shows enrichment of pathways and MYC target genes previously associated with myeloma pathogenesis. In mice, antigen challenge followed by pharmacologic inhibition of KDM1A promoted PC expansion, enhanced secondary immune response, elicited appearance of serum paraprotein, and mediated upregulation of MYC transcriptional targets. These changes are consistent with the development of MGUS. Collectively, our findings show that KDM1A is the first autosomal-dominant multiple myeloma germline predisposition gene providing new insights into its mechanistic roles as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation.
Significance: KDM1A is the first germline autosomal dominant predisposition gene identified in multiple myeloma and provides new insights into multiple myeloma etiology and the mechanistic role of KDM1A as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2747–59. ©2018 AACR.
Phase I Study of MEDI3617, a Selective Angiopoietin-2 Inhibitor Alone and Combined with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel, Paclitaxel, or Bevacizumab for Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Hyman David M. , Rizvi Naiyer , Natale Ronald , Armstrong Deborah K. , Birrer Michael , Recht Lawrence , Dotan Efrat , Makker Vicky , Kaley Thomas , Kuruvilla Denison , Gribbin Matthew , McDevitt Jennifer , Lai Dominic W. , Dar Mohammed 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: This first-in-human study aimed to determine the MTD and safety of MEDI3617, a selective anti–angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) mAb, alone and combined with bevacizumab or cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Patients and Methods: This phase I/Ib, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study evaluated patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients received intravenous MEDI3617 as monotherapy [5–1,500 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W)] or with bevacizumab every 2 weeks (Q2W) or Q3W, weekly paclitaxel, or carboplatin plus paclitaxel Q3W. Dose expansions included a monotherapy cohort in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and a bevacizumab combination cohort in bevacizumab-refractory malignant glioma. Safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity were assessed.
Results: We enrolled 116 patients. No formal MTD was identified (monotherapy or combination therapy). MEDI3617 demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics and maximal accumulation of peripheral Ang2 binding at doses above 300 mg Q3W. MEDI3617 monotherapy safety profile was acceptable, except in advanced ovarian cancer [prolonged grade 3 edema-associated adverse events (AE) occurred]. Otherwise, MEDI3617 combined with chemotherapy or bevacizumab was well tolerated. The AE profiles of MEDI3617 and bevacizumab were largely non-overlapping. Overall response rates in ovarian cancer and glioma monotherapy dose-expansion arms were 6% and 0%, respectively.
Conclusions: Recommended MEDI3617 monotherapy dosage is 1,500 mg Q3W or 1,000 mg Q2W, except in ovarian cancer. Although peripheral edema has occurred with other Ang2 inhibitors, the severity and duration seen here in ovarian cancer potentially identifies a new, clinically significant safety signal for this class of agents. On the basis of limited clinical activity, MEDI3617 development was discontinued. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2749–57. ©2018 AACR.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Mutation (ALK F1174C) in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate and Molecular Response to Alectinib
Authors: Carneiro Benedito A. , Pamarthy Sahithi , Shah Ami N. , Sagar Vinay , Unno Kenji , Han HuiYing , Yang Ximing J. , Costa Rubens B. , Nagy Rebecca J. , Lanman Richard B. , Kuzel Timothy M. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Gay Laurie , Elvin Julia A. , Ali Siraj M. , Cristofanilli Massimo , Chae Young K. , Giles Francis J. , Abdulkadir Sarki A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCCP) is an aggressive disease that can arise de novo or by transdifferentiation from prostate adenocarcinoma. Alterations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene are involved in neuroblastoma, lung cancer, and other malignancies, but its role in SCCP has not been documented. We describe a patient with refractory de novo SCCP with ALK F1174C–activating mutation who obtained clinical benefit from treatment with ALK inhibitor.
Experimental Design: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze primary and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Prostate cancer databases were queried for alterations in ALK gene, mRNA, and its impact in clinical outcomes. In vitro prostate cell line/organoid models were generated by lentiviral-mediated expression of ALK and ALK F1174C and assessed for response to ALK inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib.
Results: NGS analysis of the primary tumor and ctDNA of a 39-year-old patient with refractory SSCP identified ALK F1174C mutation. Treatment with second-generation ALK inhibitor alectinib resulted in radiographic stable disease for over 6 months, symptomatic improvement, and significant molecular response as reflected by declining ctDNA allele fraction. Analysis of prostate cancer datasets showed that ALK amplification was associated with poor outcome. In prostate cancer cells and organoids, ALK F1174C expression enhanced growth and induced expression of the neuroendocrine marker neuron-specific enolase. Alectinib was more effective than crizotinib in inhibiting ALK F1174C–expressing cell growth.
Conclusions: These findings implicate ALK-activating mutations in SCCP pathogenesis and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting ALK molecular alterations in some patients with SCCP. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2732–9. ©2018 AACR.
Engaging Anaphase Catastrophe Mechanisms to Eradicate Aneuploid Cancers
Authors: Kawakami Masanori , Mustachio Lisa Maria , Liu Xi , Dmitrovsky Ethan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Cancer cells often have supernumerary centrosomes that promote genomic instability, a pathognomonic feature of cancer. During mitosis, cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes undergo bipolar cell division by clustering centrosomes into two poles. When supernumerary centrosome clustering is antagonized, cancer cells are forced to undergo multipolar division leading to death of daughter cells. This proapoptotic pathway, called anaphase catastrophe, preferentially eliminates aneuploid cancer cells and malignant tumors in engineered mouse models. Anaphase catastrophe occurs through the loss or inhibition of the centrosomal protein CP110, a direct cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CDK2 target. Intriguingly, CP110 is repressed by the KRAS oncoprotein. This sensitizes KRAS-driven lung cancers (an unmet medical need) to respond to CDK2 inhibitors. Anaphase catastrophe-inducing agents like CDK1 and CDK2 antagonists are lethal to cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes, but can relatively spare normal cells with two centrosomes. This mechanism is proposed to provide a therapeutic window in the cancer clinic following treatment with a CDK1 or CDK2 inhibitor. Taken together, anaphase catastrophe is a clinically tractable mechanism that promotes death of neoplastic tumors with aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 724–31. ©2018 AACR.
Lateral Medullary Infarction with or without Extra-Lateral Medullary Lesions: What Is the Difference?
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Kim Bum Joon , Lee Sang Hun , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. 
Published: March 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Lateral medullary infarction (LMI) is not an uncommon disease. Although lesions are usually restricted to the lateral medullary area, some patients have additional infarcts in other parts of the brain. The clinical features and prognosis of isolated LMI (pure LMI, LMIpr) have been investigated. However, it remains unclear whether clinical characteristics, prognosis and factors associated with prognosis differ between patients with LMIpr and those with additional lesions (LMI plus, LMIpl). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with LMI identified by MRI were enrolled. The demographic and clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcome (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, pneumonia and modified Rankin scale [mRS] at discharge), and long-term residual symptoms (vertigo/dizziness, sensory disturbances, dysphagia) and outcomes (occurrence of stroke, acute coronary syndrome [ACS], death, and mRS at follow-up) were compared between LMIpr and LMIpl patients. Factors associated with poor functional outcome (mRS 2–6) at the follow-up were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 248 LMI patients, 161 (64.9%) had LMIpr and 87 (35.1%) had LMIpl. During admission, patients with LMIpl more frequently experienced ICU care, pneumonia and had a higher discharge mRS (3 vs. 2; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) than LMIpr patients. The occurrence of stroke, ACS, frequency of death and functional outcome was not different during follow-up. However, residual neurologic symptoms such as dizziness (<i>p</i> = 0.002), dysphagia (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and sensory symptoms (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were more frequent in LMIpr than in LMIpl patients. In LMIpr patients, the rostral location of LMI was associated with poor functional outcome (<i>p</i> = 0.041), whereas in LMIpl patients, the presence of medial posterior-inferior cerebellar artery lesion was associated with good functional outcome (<i>p</i> = 0.030). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although the short-term outcome is poorer in LMIpl than LMIpr patients, long-term residual symptoms are more common in LMIpr patients. The location of the LMI and extra-medullary lesion affects the long-term functional outcome of LMIpr and LMIpl patients respectively.
What Were the Qualifications for Being a Leader in Ancient Israel? Revelation, Authority, and Philological Issues in Deut 1:13 and 1:15
Authors: Boyd Samuel L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The passive participles from ידע in Deut 1:13 and 1:15 are part of a list of characteristics for being a judge. The translational value of these participles, however, is unclear. This article reviews the main options proposed for understanding וידעים in Deut 1:13 and 1:15 and argues that a syntactic feature in the verses is grounds for understanding them as passive in both form and sense (“known”). Finally, and perhaps more significantly, locating this qualification for being a judge in the larger ideology of revelation and authority in D buttresses this thesis.
The Harklean Syriac and the Development of the Byzantine Text
Authors: Gurry Peter J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Syriac translation of the New Testament produced by Thomas of Harkel in ad 616 provides a rich source for studying the transmission of the Greek New Testament. In this case, its relationship to the Byzantine text in the Catholic Epistles is used to test the results of the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method (cbgm), a new computerized tool being used to edit the standard editions of the Greek New Testament (NA28/UBS5). Against claims that the cbgm is not useful for understanding textual history, this study shows that, when used carefully, it can provide valuable clarity to our understanding. The results of this test have implications for the cbgm, for the textual worth of the Byzantine text, and for how all “texts” are related and evaluated.
A Paper on the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Published in 1963 in a Chinese Journal
Authors: Li Tim , Wang Lu , Peng Melinda , Wang Bin , Zhang Chidong , Lau William , Kuo Hung-Chi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) identified by Madden and Julian in the early 1970s has been well recognized as the most prominent intraseasonal signal in the tropics. Its discovery and its relationship with other weather phenomena such as tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most significant advancements in modern meteorology with broad and far-reaching impacts. The original study by Madden and Julian used radiosonde data on Canton Island, and their spectral analysis revealed the signal of a 40–50-day oscillation.It has come to our attention that an earlier study by Xie et al. published in a Chinese journal documented an oscillatory signal of a 45-day period using radiosonde data from several stations between 70° and 125°E in the tropics. The 40–50-day signal found by Xie et al. is strikingly evident without any filtering. Xie et al. identified that occurrences of TCs are correlated with the 40–50-day variation of low-level westerlies at these stations. The original figures in Xie et al.’s article were hand drawn. Their results are verified using data from a longer period of 1958–70. The 40–50-day oscillation in the monsoon westerlies and its relationship with the occurrence of TCs are confirmed and further expanded upon.This study serves the purpose of bringing recognition to the community of the identification of a 40–50-day signal published in Chinese in 1963 and the discovery of the correlation between MJO phases and TC genesis three decades earlier than studies on this subject published outside China.
Cold Season Southwest Asia Precipitation Sensitivity to El Niño–Southern Oscillation Events
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Barlow Mathew , Xu Taiyi , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The sensitivity of southwest Asia (25°–40°N, 40°–70°E) precipitation during the November–April rainy season to four types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño and La Niña, is assessed using an ensemble of atmospheric model simulations forced by 1979–2015 boundary conditions. Sensitivity is assessed in terms of 1) the spread of precipitation across the ensemble members around the ensemble mean, 2) the probability of precipitation falling into the upper and lower terciles of the historical distribution, and 3) the relationship between the tropical atmosphere and southwest Asia precipitation during ENSO. During CP La Niña, the magnitude of the below-average mean precipitation exceeds the magnitude of the precipitation spread, thereby conditioning the probability of lower-tercile southwest Asia precipitation to greater than 70%. By contrast, EP La Niña does not alter the odds of southwest Asia precipitation terciles, as the magnitude of the near-zero mean precipitation is overwhelmed by the magnitude of the precipitation spread. EP and CP El Niño similarly result in above-average mean precipitation whose magnitude approaches the magnitude of the precipitation spread, thereby conditioning the probability of upper-tercile southwest Asia precipitation to around 50% region-wide. However, the notable effect of the precipitation spread during El Niño allows for a 20%–30% probability that the regional precipitation falls into the lower tercile. ENSO types simultaneously modify the probability of eastern Indian Ocean precipitation and southwest Asia precipitation, supporting the hypothesis that the tropical eastern Indian Ocean atmosphere serves as the medium by which ENSO forcing is communicated to southwest Asia.
Sensitivities of Parcel Trajectories beneath the Lowest Scalar Model Level of a Lorenz Vertical Grid
Authors: Guchte Andrew Vande , Dahl Johannes M. L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Parcel trajectory analysis has become commonplace in the study of simulated severe convection, particularly that which deals with the development and maintenance of near-ground vertical vorticity. However, there are a number of unsolved problems with analyzing simulated trajectories that exist near the ground. One of these unsolved problems is how to deal with parcels that pass beneath the lowest scalar model level. Using the CM1 model, which uses a Lorenz grid, the sensitivity of parcel characteristics such as location or potential temperature to the choice of common extrapolation methods is documented. Using potential temperature as an example, it is explained why unphysical tendencies of scalar variables along trajectories may arise once parcels descend beneath the lowest scalar model level. Given the poorly constrained flow (and scalar) fields beneath the lowest scalar model level, errors such as those documented here appear unavoidable when using free-slip boundary conditions.
Multihazard Weather Risk Perception and Preparedness in Eight Countries
Authors: Keul Alexander G. , Brunner Bernhard , Allen John , Wilson Katie A. , Taszarek Mateusz , Price Colin , Soleiman Gary , Sharma Sanjay , Roy Partha , Aini Mat Said , Elistina Abu Bakar , Abidin Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal , Gomes Chandima 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Weather risk perception research lacks multihazard and transcultural datasets. This hypothesis-generating study used a cognitive behavioral approach and Brunswik’s lens model for subjective risk parameters across eight countries. In Germany, Poland, Israel, the United States, Brazil, India, Malaysia, and Australia, 812 field interviews took place with a uniform set of 37 questions about weather interest, media access, elementary meteorological knowledge, weather fear, preparedness, loss due to weather, and sociodemography. The local randomized quota samples were strictly tested for sample errors; however, they cannot be considered representative for individual countries due to sample size and methodology. Highly rated subjective risks included flood, heat, tornado, and lightning. Weather fear was most prominent in the Malaysian sample and lowest in the German.
Subjective elements were further explored with bivariate correlations and a multivariate regression analysis. Sociodemography correlated with psychological variables like knowledge, interest, and fear. Fear was related with subjective risk; less educated and informed people were more fearful. A linear regression analysis identified interest, gender, housing type, education, loss due to weather, and local weather access as the significant predictors for preparedness. The level of preparedness was highest in the United States and Australia and lowest in the Malaysian and Brazilian samples. A lack of meteorological training and infrequent loss experiences make media communication important and emphasize the value of repetition for basic information. Elements of this survey can serve to monitor weather-related psychological orientations of vulnerable population groups. Finally, this survey provides a template with which larger representative transcultural multihazard perception studies can be pursued.