bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Decade Long Freezing Storage on Adipose Derived Stem Cells Functionality
Authors: Shaik Shahensha , Wu Xiying , Gimble Jeffrey , Devireddy Ram 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last decade and half, the optimization of cryopreservation for adipose tissue derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) especially in determining the optimal combination of cryoprotectant type, cooling rate, and thawing rate have been extensively studied. In this study, we examined the functionality of ASCs that have been frozen-stored for more than 10 years denoted as long-term freezing, frozen within the last 3 to 7 years denoted as short-term freezing and compared their response with fresh ASCs. The mean post-thaw viability for long-term frozen group was 78% whereas for short-term frozen group 79% with no significant differences between the two groups. The flow cytometry evaluation of stromal surface markers, CD29, CD90, CD105, CD44, and CD73 indicated the expression (above 95%) in passages P1-P4 in all of the frozen-thawed ASC groups and fresh ASCs whereas the hematopoietic markers CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD146 were expressed extremely low (below 2%) within both the frozen-thawed and fresh cell groups. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed some differences between the osteogenic gene expression of long-term frozen group in comparison to fresh ASCs. Intriguingly, one group of cells from the short-term frozen group exhibited remarkably higher expression of osteogenic genes in comparison to fresh ASCs. The adipogenic differentiation potential remained virtually unchanged between all of the frozen-thawed groups and the fresh ASCs. Long-term cryopreservation of ASCs, in general, has a somewhat negative impact on the osteogenic potential of ASCs, especially as it relates to the decrease in osteopontin gene expression but not significantly so with respect to RUNX2 and osteonectin gene expressions. However, the adipogenic potential, post thaw viability, and immunophenotype characteristics remain relatively intact between all the groups.
Effect of multiple cyclic RGD peptides on tumor accumulation and intratumoral distribution of IRDye 700DX-conjugated polymers
Authors: Dou Xuebo , Nomoto Takahiro , Takemoto Hiroyasu , Matsui Makoto , Tomoda Keishiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStrategic delivery of IRDye 700DX (photosensitizer) is a key for improving its effect in photodynamic therapy. In this study, we have synthesized IRDye 700DX-conjugated polymers containing multiple cyclic RGD peptides to deliver IRDye 700DX selectively to tumor cells and tumor-associated blood vessels overexpressing αvβ3 integrin. Our polymer has a backbone of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-glutamic acid) block copolymer, and cyclic RGD peptides are conjugated to side chains of the poly(L-glutamic acid) while IRDye 700DX is conjugated to the terminal of poly(ethylene glycol). The polymers exhibited selective accumulation to the target sites in a subcutaneous solid tumor, and the accumulation was augmented with the increased number of cyclic RGD peptides. More importantly, the polymer containing 15 cyclic RGD peptides in one construct revealed preferential accumulation on the tumor-associated blood vessels without compromising penetration to deep portions of the tumor, thereby drastically inhibiting tumor growth upon photoirradiation, while the polymer containing 5 cyclic RGD peptides showed moderate antitumor activity despite efficient accumulation in the tumor with almost homogenous intratumoral distribution. These results suggest that controlling the intratumoral distribution of IRDye 700DX is critical for successful PDT, and our polymer containing multiple cyclic RGD peptides may be a promising carrier for this spatial control.
Real-time observation of dissipative soliton formation in nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked fibre lasers
Authors: Peng Junsong , Sorokina Mariia , Sugavanam Srikanth , Tarasov Nikita , Churkin Dmitry V. , Turitsyn Sergei K. , Zeng Heping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFormation of coherent structures and patterns from unstable uniform state or noise is a fundamental physical phenomenon that occurs in various areas of science ranging from biology to astrophysics. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of such processes can both improve our general interdisciplinary knowledge about complex nonlinear systems and lead to new practical engineering techniques. Modern optics with its high precision measurements offers excellent test-beds for studying complex nonlinear dynamics, though capturing transient rapid formation of optical solitons is technically challenging. Here we unveil the build-up of dissipative soliton in mode-locked fibre lasers using dispersive Fourier transform to measure spectral dynamics and employing autocorrelation analysis to investigate temporal evolution. Numerical simulations corroborate experimental observations, and indicate an underlying universality in the pulse formation. Statistical analysis identifies correlations and dependencies during the build-up phase. Our study may open up possibilities for real-time observation of various nonlinear structures in photonic systems.
Centralised busbar differential and wavelet‐based line protection system for multi‐terminal direct current grids, with practical IEC‐61869‐compliant measurements
Authors: Tzelepis Dimitrios , Dyśko Adam , Blair Steven M. , Rousis Anastasios Oulis , Mirsaeidi Sohrab , Booth Campbell , Dong Xinzhou 
Published: May 2018

This study presents a method for discriminative detection of direct current (DC) faults on voltage source converter‐powered multi‐terminal high‐voltage direct current transmission systems using two fundamental guiding principles, namely instantaneous current‐differential and travelling waves. The proposed algorithm utilises local voltage and current measurements from all transmission lines connected to a DC busbar, and current measurement from the DC side of the converter. The scheme operates at a sampling frequency of 96 kHz, which conforms with IEC 61869‐9. No long distance communication is involved while measurements and signal exchange within DC substations are enabled by the utilisation of IEC 61850. Performance is assessed firstly through detailed transient simulation, using verified models of modular multi‐level converters, hybrid DC circuit breakers and inductive DC‐line terminations. Furthermore, practical performance and feasibility of the scheme are evaluated through laboratory testing, using the real‐time Opal‐RT hardware prototyping platform. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protection algorithm can effectively, and within a very short period of time (i.e. <1 ms), discriminate between busbar and line faults (internal faults), while remaining stable during external faults. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that IEC 61869‐9 is suitable for enabling fast DC protection schemes incorporating travelling waves.
Short‐term planning model for distribution network restructuring based on heat maps
Authors: Wang Qianggang , Wang Jian , Lei Chao , Zhou Niancheng 
Published: May 2018

A short‐term planning model for restructuring distribution network based on heat maps is proposed here. A heat map, as the analytical tool of population density in a geographical map, is used to estimate the maximum air‐conditioning load. Furthermore, the maximum load of each distribution transformer can be obtained. Two criteria for evaluating distribution network planning schemes are suggested. The first criterion is reflecting on the adequacy of the total transforming capacity of substations in a region. The second criterion is reflecting on the qualification of the structure of a 10 kV distribution network. A short‐term planning model of the 10 kV restructuring distribution network is established when the first criterion is satisfied, whereas the second criterion is unsatisfied. The objective function is the minimum restructuring cost, and the constraints are the total and self‐capacity requirements and the connectivity and radial structure of the 10 kV distribution network. Ultimately, a practical 10 kV distribution network is used to verify the effectiveness of the model.
Multilinear Stockwell transforms
Authors: Catană Viorel 
Published: May 2018

The main aim of this paper is to introduce multilinear versions of the Stockwell transforms (also named S-transforms) by using the fact that S-transforms can be written as convolution products. Further on we extend the multilinear S-transforms from the Schwartz class of rapidly decreasing functions to the space of tempered distributions. In the sequel we give a relation between multilinear S-transforms and multilinear pseudo-differential operators.
We also state and prove some boundedness results regarding multilinear S-transforms on the Lebegue’s spaces Lp(Rn) and also on the Hörmander’s spaces Bp,k(Rn), where p ≥ 1 and k is a temperate weight function. In the end, a weak uncertainty principle for multilinear S-transforms and for its adjoint is also given.
The Effect of Fulminant Hepatic Failure on Protein C Antigen and Activity
Authors: Langley P G , Williams Roger 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn eighteen patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), ingrade III or IV coma, both protein C antigen and activity weresignificantly decreased (0.35 ± 0.03 u/ml and 0.35 ± 0.03 u/ml respectively). There was a significant correlation between pro-tein C antigen and activity (r = 0.61, p <0.01). Protein C antigenlevels were inversely correlated with prothrombin time (r =−0.57, p <0.05) as were protein C activity levels (r = —0.57, p<0.05). There was also significant correlations between fibrinogen and protein C antigen (r = 0.69, p <0.01) and protein Cactivity (r = 0.61, p <0.01). These results demonstrate that thenaturally occurring inhibitor of coagulation, protein C, is presentat low levels in FHF and this is probably due to the lack ofsynthesis of the protein in the damaged liver. The low levels ofprotein C may make these patients more susceptible to thedisseminated intravascular coagulation which is known to occur inFHF and this in turn will lead to a further reduction in protein Clevels.
Daytime Fluctuations in Blood of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) and Its Fast-Acting Inhibitor (PAI-1)
Authors: Kluft C , Jie A F H , Rijken D C , Verheijen J H 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCircadian fluctuation in blood fibrinolytic activity was studiedin 10 volunteers in the day-time period at 09.00, 12.00 and15.0 h. Activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) wasfound to increase from 09.00 to 15.00 h in accordance with knownresults with global assays of blood activity.
Direct evidence of a large Northern European Roman period martial event and postbattle corpse manipulation
Authors: Holst Mads Kähler , Heinemeier Jan , Hertz Ejvind , Jensen Peter , Løvschal Mette , Mollerup Lene , Odgaard Bent Vad , Olsen Jesper , Søe Niels Emil , Kristiansen Søren Munch 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Here we present direct archaeological evidence in the form of human remains of a large-scale battle in Northern Europe in the first century AD, in the wake of the northern expansion of the Roman Empire. The deposited population is estimated to 380 individuals. The relative absence of traces of healed sharp force trauma suggests that they had relatively little previous battle experience. Evidence of the systematic treatment of the human corpses, including stripping of bodies, disarticulation of bones, crushing of crania, and arrangement of body parts, points to a new form of postbattle activities, with implications for the interpretation of contemporary battlefields and later ritual traditions with regard to depositions of the spoils of war.
Structural basis of O-GlcNAc recognition by mammalian 14-3-3 proteins
Authors: Toleman Clifford A. , Schumacher Maria A. , Yu Seok-Ho , Zeng Wenjie , Cox Nathan J. , Smith Timothy J. , Soderblom Erik J. , Wands Amberlyn M. , Kohler Jennifer J. , Boyce Michael 
Published: May 2018

Significance
O-GlcNAc is an abundant, reversible posttranslational modification (PTM) of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in animals and plants. O-GlcNAc regulates a wide range of biological processes, and aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in numerous human diseases. However, key aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain poorly understood. For example, it is not known whether “reader” proteins exist to recognize and bind to O-GlcNAc, as is true for many other PTMs. We used a biochemical method to identify candidate human O-GlcNAc reader proteins, and then characterized them at the biochemical and biophysical levels. Our results address a significant gap in the cell signaling field by revealing the biochemical and structural basis for the recognition of O-GlcNAc by conserved human proteins.
Structure of an EIIC sugar transporter trapped in an inward-facing conformation
Authors: Ren Zhenning , Lee Jumin , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Nian Yin , Hu Liya , Xu Zhichun , McCoy Jason G. , Ferreon Allan Chris M. , Im Wonpil , Zhou Ming 
Published: May 2018

Significance
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a multiprotein system unique to bacteria. The PTS transports sugars into bacteria and then phosphorylates the sugars. Phosphorylation prevents sugars from escaping the cell and primes them for metabolic consumption. As a major component of the PTS, Enzyme IIC (EIIC) transports sugar across the membrane and assists the phosphorylation process, but the molecular mechanism of EIIC-mediated sugar transport is unclear. Results from this study allow visualization of conformational changes during sugar transport and establish the mechanism of transport at the atomic level. The knowledge will facilitate development of inhibitors against EIIC and provide a foundation for understanding the phosphorylation process.
Acoustic evolution of old Italian violins from Amati to Stradivari
Authors: Tai Hwan-Ching , Shen Yen-Ping , Lin Jer-Horng , Chung Dai-Ting 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Amati and Stradivari violins are highly appreciated by musicians and collectors, but the objective understanding of their acoustic qualities is still lacking. By applying speech analysis techniques, we found early Italian violins to emulate the vocal tract resonances of male singers, comparable to basses or baritones. Stradivari pushed these resonance peaks higher to resemble the shorter vocal tract lengths of tenors or altos. Stradivari violins also exhibit vowel qualities that correspond to lower tongue height and backness. These properties may explain the characteristic brilliance of Stradivari violins. The ideal for violin tone in the Baroque era was to imitate the human voice, and we found that Cremonese violins are capable of producing the formant features of human singers.
Prediction of the behaviour of copper alloy components under complex loadings by electro-thermomechanical coupled simulations
Authors: Weber M. , Helm D. 
Published: May 2018

Electronic devices must be served with electric power for different reasons. A robust and reliable electric connectivity is often realised by electric connectors. For its leading properties, precipitation hardened copper alloys are widely used for designing connectors with high level mechanical or conductance properties. However, copper alloys show a characteristic stress relaxation under mechanical or thermal loads. Finite element analysis is a standard method to design and optimise components with respect to reliability and performance. Hence, a material model considering the characteristic of the mechanical properties and allowing for the simulation of time and temperature dependent elasto-viscoplastic material behavior was developed at the Fraunhofer IWM. The parameters of the model were determined using tensile and relaxation test data of a C19010 alloy. The material model is applied to electro-thermomechanical coupled finite element simulations of connectors with different load histories. The goal of the simulations is the analysis of the impact of stress relaxation on the mechanical properties of systems over time. From the numerical results with the new model it is shown, how stress relaxation influences the connector clamping forces or contact pressure, respectively, in dependence with time or temperature. The simulation results documents that stress relaxation has to be taken into account in finite element simulations during the designing process of electrical devices. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Copper and its Alloys.
Part-time work and gender inequality in Europe: a comparative analysis of satisfaction with work–life balance
Authors: Beham Barbara , Drobnič Sonja , Präg Patrick , Baierl Andreas , Eckner Janin 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Part-time work is an increasingly common strategy for handling work and family – but is it an effective strategy everywhere and for everyone? To answer this question, we examine satisfaction with work–life balance (SWLB) of workers in 22 European countries. Our results show that part-time workers have higher SWLB than full-time workers; the more so, the fewer hours they put in. Yet, we find an important gender difference: women in marginal part-time work are more satisfied than men in a similar situation, and conversely men in full-time work have higher SWLB than women working full-time. Further, the societal context plays an important role: substantial part-time work is more conducive to SWLB in more gender-egalitarian countries than in countries with low gender equality. Hence, a supportive gender climate and institutional support may entice workers to reduce working hours moderately, which results in markedly increased levels of SWLB.
Processing ‘Gender-neutral’ Pronouns: A Self-paced Reading Study of Learners of English
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Schleef Erik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article explores the online processing of singular he and she and singular they by learners of English to discover whether singular they presents a processing problem for non-native speakers (NNSs). It also examines the extent to which such issues may vary as a function of L2 proficiency at B2, C1, and C2 levels. A self-paced reading study was conducted with 51 students at an Austrian university. Results were compared with a similar study based on data collected from native speakers. We found advanced NNSs matching those of native speakers in almost all respects, and we present some evidence for developmental progression in how he, she, and they are processed. Pronoun-specific details are built up over time, and we suggest their relative strength depends on the robustness of the input. We provide self-reported production data to support this argument. This study paints a very optimistic picture of the acquisition of singular they at B2 and higher proficiency levels, as it can be acquired even under circumstances of later familiarization.
The Composite Spreader Flap
Authors: Bitik Ozan , Kamburoğlu Haldun Onuralp , Uzun Hakan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The effect of a spreader flap on the keystone area and the upper bony vault depends on the structural strength and cephalic extent of upper lateral cartilages, both of which can be significantly variable among individuals.

Objectives
The authors present a novel cephalically extended osseocartilaginous composite spreader flap technique that was designed to overcome the limitations of a conventional spreader flap on the keystone area upper bony vault, in patients with cephalically short and structurally weak upper lateral cartilages and thin nasal bones.

Methods
This study was a retrospective review of the recorded perioperative information to investigate the frequency of the use of the composite spreader flap technique and perioperative parameters that relate to postoperative dorsal deformities. One-hundred-seventy-six consecutive primary open approach rhinoplasty cases performed by the first author (O.B.) between November 2015 and February 2017 were included in the study. Patient data were obtained from rhinoplasty data sheets, standardized photographs, and postoperative physical examinations.

Results
Of the 176 cases who underwent primary open approach rhinoplasty whose data were reviewed for the purpose of this study, 38 (32 females, 6 males) had dorsal reconstruction with the use of a composite spreader flap. Seventeen patients had a deviated nose with an asymmetric bony pyramid. In 8 patients, the composite spreader flap was used unilaterally. No patients in the composite spreader flap group had a postoperative dorsal deformity or required surgical revision.

Conclusions
Composite flap preparation extends the reliability and the reach of the spreader flap technique beyond its previous borders.

Level of Evidence: 4
Identification of serum glycoprotein ligands for the immunomodulatory receptor blood dendritic cell antigen 2
Authors: Kim Jong-won , Budzak James , Liu Yu , Jégouzo Sabine A F , Drickamer Kurt , Taylor Maureen E 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) is a C-type lectin found on the surface of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It functions as a glycan-binding receptor that downregulates the production of type I interferons and thus plays a role in oligosaccharide-mediated immunomodulation. The carbohydrate recognition domain in BDCA-2 binds selectively to galactose-terminated bi-antennary glycans. Because the plasmacytoid dendritic cells function in a plasma environment rich in glycoproteins, experiments have been undertaken to identify endogenous ligands for blood dendritic cell antigen 2. A combination of blotting, affinity chromatography and proteomic analysis reveals that serum glycoprotein ligands for BDCA-2 include IgG, IgA and IgM. Compared to binding of IgG, which was previously described, IgA and IgM bind with higher affinity. The association constants for the different subclasses of immunoglobulins are below and roughly proportional to the serum concentrations of these glycoprotein ligands. Binding to the other main serum glycoprotein ligand, α2-macroglobulin, is independent of whether this protease inhibitor is activated. Binding to all of these glycoprotein ligands is mediated predominantly by bi-antennary glycans in which each branch bears a terminal galactose residue. The different affinities of the glycoprotein ligands reflect the different numbers of these galactose-terminated glycans and their degree of exposure on the native glycoproteins. The results suggest that normal serum levels of immunoglobulins could downmodulate interferon stimulation of further antibody production.