bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxation dynamics of [Re(CO)2(bpy){P(OEt)3}2](PF6) in TEOA solvent measured by time-resolved attenuated total reflection terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Ngoc , Watanabe Hiroshi , Tamaki Yusuke , Ishitani Osamu , Kimura Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo reveal highly efficient photocatalytic properties of an artificial photosynthesis material [Re(CO)2(bpy){P(OEt)3}2](PF6), we have directly observed the photo-induced relaxation dynamics and reductive quenching process of the photo-excited state on a photosynthesis material in Triethanolamine (TEOA) solvent as an electron donor by time-resolved attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the terahertz (THz) region. The spectrum of the complex in TEOA has an intermolecular vibrational mode between the complex and TEOA molecules, which reflects the precursor of the reductive quenching process. The intermolecular vibrational mode has three-step relaxation process in a picosecond timescale after photo-excitation, where firstly the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state is vibrationally cooled down, secondly the distance between Re and TEOA is reduced by the rotation of TEOA molecules due to dipole-dipole interaction accelerated by heat transfer, and finally electrons transfer from TEOA to Re. These observations provide us the detailed information of the electron transfer process of photocatalytic properties of [Re(CO)2(bpy){P(OEt)3}2](PF6) in TEOA solvent.
Complex Nature of Hominin Dispersals: Ecogeographical and Climatic Evidence for Pre-Contact Craniofacial Variation
Authors: Ross Ann H. , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoordinate data analysis of ancient crania from the New World reveals complexity in interpretation when addressing ancient population dispersals. The results of this study generally support a geographic patterning for the New World; however, it also revealed a much more complex and multifactorial mechanism shaping craniofacial morphology that should be considered when investigating ecogeographic models for hominin dispersals. We show that craniofacial variation is not the result of a single mechanism but is a much more complex interaction of environmental and microevolutionary forces.
Soil health indicators impacted by long-term cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application in a corn-soybean rotation of South Dakota
Authors: Ozlu Ekrem , Sandhu Saroop S. , Kumar Sandeep , Arriaga Francisco J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManure impacts labile pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) which can influence soil microbial composition (MCC) and enzyme activities, and hence soil health. The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of long-term dairy manure and inorganic fertilizers (INF) on soil carbon (C) as well as nitrogen (N) fractions, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure in different time horizons at planting (P), one month after planting (1MAP), and after harvesting (H) under corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Study treatments included three manure application rates (low, phosphorus-based recommended rate; medium, nitrogen-based recommended rate; and high, the double rate of medium nitrogen based recommended rate), two INF rates (medium only nitrogen additions; and high nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and sulfur additions) and a control (no application of manure and/or inorganic fertilizer). In comparison to the INF, the dairy manure not only significantly increased chemical fractions of C and N but also impacted the enzyme activities. Average urease activity after manure was applied was shown to be 26.8% higher than it was with INF applied at planting. The β-Glucosidase activity was 6 and 14% higher with manure than it was with INF at 1MAP and harvesting, respectively. The cold-water extractable nitrogen (CWEN) was enhanced with high manure rate at all timings of sampling compared to the high fertilizer rate (53%), and CK (90%). Principal component analysis indicated that MCC under manure differed from those under the INF treatments. The total bacteria/total fungi ratio at planting was increased with the INF compared to the manure addition. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that CWEC, CWEN, and enzyme activities especially β-Glucosidase activity were the key determinants of MCC. Data from this study showed that, compared to inorganic fertilizers, manure can be beneficial in enhancing soil health indicators.
An active metasurface for field-localizing wireless power transfer using dynamically reconfigurable cavities
Authors: Ranaweera A. L. A. K. , Pham Thanh Son , Bui Huu Nguyen , Ngo Viet , Lee Jong-Wook 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWireless power transfer (WPT) provides a convenient method of delivering energy to multiple devices. With the increasing use of WPT, safety concerns inevitably create the need for a reliable control mechanism. Previous approaches in advanced WPT or metamaterial-enhanced WPT, however, have the limitation that neither the intensity nor the shape of the field-localizing area can be dynamically controlled. To address this limitation, we introduce the novel concept of a hotspot or power-focused region using field-localizing WPT. Using the proposed method, we provide experimental evidence demonstrating that the location, shape, and intensity of the hotspot can be manipulated as desired. The hotspot effectively enhances power delivery to the intended device while reducing leakage to unwanted areas. To dynamically reconfigure the hotspots, we propose an active metasurface with multi-functionality due to its frequency switching and tuning capability. The dynamic reconfiguring capability provides a wide range of versatile practical applications, overcoming the limitations associated with passive metamaterials. Because the location, shape, and intensity of hotspots can readily be controlled, the proposed method is not limited to WPT applications. It can also be used for a broad range of applications that require precise control of power delivery.
The effects of Botulinum toxin on the detection of gradual changes in facial emotion
Authors: Bulnes L. C. , Mariën P. , Vandekerckhove M. , Cleeremans A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen we feel sad or depressed, our face invariably “drops”. Conversely, when we try to cheer someone up, we might tell them “keep your smile up”, so presupposing that modifying the configuration of their facial muscles will enhance their mood. A crucial assumption that underpins this hypothesis is that mental states are shaped by information originating from the peripheral neuromotor system — a view operationalised as the Facial Feedback Hypothesis. We used botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injected over the frown area to temporarily paralyse muscles necessary to express anger. Using a pre-post treatment design, we presented participants with gradually changing videos of a face morphing from neutral to full-blown expressions of either anger or happiness and asked them to press a button as soon as they had detected any change in the display. Results indicate that while all participants (control and BoNT-A) improved their reaction times from pre-test to post-test, the BoNT-A group did not when detecting anger in the post-test. We surmise that frown paralysis disadvantaged participants in their ability to improve the detection of anger. Our finding suggests that facial feedback causally affects perceptual awareness of changes in emotion, as well as people’s ability to use perceptual information to learn.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic WDR-23 isoforms mediate differential effects on GEN-1 and SKN-1 substrates
Authors: Spatola Brett N. , Lo Jacqueline Y. , Wang Bin , Curran Sean P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaintaining a healthy cellular environment requires the constant control of proteostasis. E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes facilitate the post-translational addition of ubiquitin, which based on the quantity and specific lysine linkages, results in different outcomes. Our studies reveal the CUL4-DDB1 substrate receptor, WDR23, as both a positive and a negative regulator in cellular stress responses. These opposing roles are mediated by two distinct isoforms: WDR-23A in the cytoplasm and WDR-23B in the nucleus.C. elegansexpressing only WDR-23A display activation of SKN-1 and enhanced survival to oxidative stress, whereas animals with restricted WDR-23B expression do not. Additionally, we identify GEN-1, a Holliday junction resolvase, as an evolutionarily conserved WDR-23 substrate and find that the nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms of WDR-23 differentially affect double-strand break repair. Our results suggest that through differential ubiquitination, nuclear WDR-23B inhibits the activity of substrates, most likely by promoting protein turnover, while cytoplasmic WDR-23A performs a proteasome-independent role. Together, our results establish a cooperative role between two spatially distinct isoforms of WDR-23 in ensuring proper regulation of WDR-23 substrates.
Fluoroquinolone heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: detection by genotypic and phenotypic assays in experimentally mixed populations
Authors: Rigouts L. , Miotto P. , Schats M. , Lempens P. , Cabibbe A. M. , Galbiati S. , Lampasona V. , de Rijk P. , Cirillo D. M. , de Jong B. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeteroresistance - the simultaneous presence of drug-susceptible and -resistant organisms - is common in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the limit of detection (LOD) of genotypic assays to detect gatifloxacin-resistant mutants in experimentally mixed populations. A fluoroquinolone-susceptible M. tuberculosis mother strain (S) and its in vitro selected resistant daughter strain harbouring the D94G mutation in gyrA (R) were mixed at different ratio’s. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against gatifloxacin were determined, while PCR-based techniques included: line probe assays (Genotype MTBDRsl and GenoScholar-FQ + KM TB II), Sanger sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. Droplet digital PCR was used as molecular reference method. A breakpoint concentration of 0.25 mg/L allows the phenotypic detection of ≥1% resistant bacilli, whereas at 0.5 mg/L ≥ 5% resistant bacilli are detected. Line probe assays detected ≥5% mutants. Sanger sequencing required the presence of around 15% mutant bacilli to be detected as (hetero) resistant, while targeted deep sequencing detected ≤1% mutants. Deep sequencing and phenotypic testing are the most sensitive methods for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant minority populations, followed by line probe assays (provided that the mutation is confirmed by a mutation band), while Sanger sequencing proved to be the least sensitive method.
Scanning Electron Microscopy in Forensic Sensing
Authors: Brożek-Mucha Zuzanna 
Published: August 2019

The usefulness of scanning electron microscopy for forensic applications was noticed as soon as the first commercial instrument became available in 1965. This was firstly due to better resolution, depth of focus and contrast than in the optical microscopes being widely used for routine imaging tasks. Soon, other properties of the scanning electron microscope were utilized for enlightening of crimes, i.e. its ability to simultaneously produce several electron beam-induced signals from the specimen, which generate images of surface topography and provide information on the material composition. A combination of scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis proved to be the most versatile technique in testing materials, as it is capable to process each specimen signal by various contrast-enhancement methods, such as line scanning, area mapping, qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis as well as automation of some investigative processes. Gunshot residue particles, collected by the glue-lift technique, are model examples of the detection of the evidence of crime. In physical matching and non-destructive analyses of other trace evidence, such as hair, fibres, paint, glass, minerals, metals, some microorganisms and biological specimens, chemical substances, etc. the scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis is the most efficient of all microbeam technologies.
FTIR and NIRS in Forensic Chemical Sensing
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Kumar Raj 
Published: August 2019

Vibrational methods include Raman, terahertz, NIR, and FTIR spectroscopy, having some potential applications in the forensic science field. However, the use of FTIR and NIR spectroscopy is thriving around the globe in the forensic context. This is due to the non-destructive, inexpensive method and the accurate prediction potential of the technique. This chapter summarizes the application of FTIR and NIR spectroscopy in the chemical sensing of the relevant forensic exhibits. A detailed idea on infrared spectroscopy is mandatory to understand its working principals and parameters which ultimately assist the forensic professionals and other researchers working on it. However, the history of IR radiations, their mathematical theories, different modes of vibrations and the major IR instrumentation have been thoroughly discussed. Some examples are also summarized from the published literature which will aid in facilitating the practical applications of infrared spectroscopy. A quick statistic about the utilizations of spectroscopy in forensics has also been reviewed. The validation of results can be confirmed by applying chemometrics methods on spectral data sets. To sum up, the infrared spectroscopy is a robust and reliable technique for the discrimination and classification of relevant forensic evidence to their respective groups. The statistical methods contribute more objectivity to the outcomes.
Functional characterization of copper transporters zCtr1, zAtox1, zAtp7a and zAtp7b in zebrafish liver cell line ZFL
Authors: Kwok Man Long , Chan King Ming 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for all organisms, serving as an enzyme cofactor to maintain cellular activity and vitality. However, Cu homeostasis must be maintained at the physiological and cellular levels as Cu ions can be highly toxic. In mammals, ATP7A is expressed in most tissues, but relatively lower expression is found in the liver, and is responsible for the intestinal uptake of Cu, while ATP7B is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys and placenta, and is responsible for removal of Cu in the liver. CTR1 and ATOX1 are responsible for cellular Cu uptake and intracellular Cu transport, respectively. Here, using a zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL), we studied the cellular functions of four zebrafish Cu transporters. In zebrafish, zAtp7a is expressed mainly in the liver and zAtp7b is expressed mainly in the intestines, different from that of humans which have a high ATP7b level in the liver and high ATP7a level in the intestines. We here found that zctr1 or zatox1 overexpression increased Cu accumulation in ZFL cells. Moreover, zctr1 overexpression made ZFL cells more sensitive to Cu and Zn exposure, and overexpression of zatox1 or zatp7b increased Cu uptake and Cu tolerance in ZFL cells. Overexpression of zatp7a made ZFL cells more sensitive to Zn. Taken together, our findings suggest that zatp7b is responsible for Cu export despite its expression level being much lower than zatp7a in ZFL cells.
Structural and functional characterisation of human RNA helicase DHX8 provides insights into the mechanism of RNA-stimulated ADP release
Authors: Felisberto-Rodrigues Catarina , Thomas Jemima C. , McAndrew Craig , Le Bihan Yann-Vaï , Burke Rosemary , Workman Paul , van Montfort Rob L. M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
DHX8 is a crucial DEAH-box RNA helicase involved in splicing and required for the release of mature mRNA from the spliceosome. Here, we report the biochemical characterisation of full-length human DHX8 and the catalytically active helicase core DHX8Δ547, alongside crystal structures of DHX8Δ547 bound to ADP and a structure of DHX8Δ547 bound to poly(A)6 single-strand RNA. Our results reveal that DHX8 has an in vitro binding preference for adenine-rich RNA and that RNA binding triggers the release of ADP through significant conformational flexibility in the conserved DEAH-, P-loop and hook-turn motifs. We demonstrate the importance of R620 and both the hook-turn and hook-loop regions for DHX8 helicase activity and propose that the hook-turn acts as a gatekeeper to regulate the directional movement of the 3′ end of RNA through the RNA-binding channel. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the activity of DHX8 and contributes insights into the RNA-unwinding mechanisms of the DEAH-box helicase family.
Optical depth in polarised Monte Carlo radiative transfer
Authors: Baes Maarten , Peest Christian , Camps Peter , Siebenmorgen Ralf 
Published: August 2019

Context. The Monte Carlo method is the most widely used method to solve radiative transfer problems in astronomy, especially in a fully general 3D geometry. A crucial concept in any Monte Carlo radiative transfer code is the random generation of the next interaction location. In polarised Monte Carlo radiative transfer with aligned non-spherical grains, the nature of dichroism complicates the concept of optical depth.
Aims. We investigate, in detail, the relation between optical depth and the optical properties and density of the attenuating medium in polarised Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes that take dichroic extinction into account.
Methods. Based on solutions for the radiative transfer equation, we discuss the optical depth scale in polarised radiative transfer with spheroidal grains. We compare the dichroic optical depth to the extinction and total optical depth scale.
Results. In a dichroic medium, the optical depth is not equal to the usual extinction optical depth, nor to the total optical depth. For representative values of the optical properties of dust grains, the dichroic optical depth can differ from the extinction or total optical depth by several tens of percent. A closed expression for the dichroic optical depth cannot be given, but it can be derived efficiently through an algorithm that is based on the analytical result corresponding to elongated grains with a uniform grain alignment.
Conclusions. Optical depth is more complex in dichroic media than in systems without dichroic attenuation, and this complexity needs to be considered when generating random free path lengths in Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations. There is no benefit in using approximations instead of the dichroic optical depth.
Rapid classification of TESS planet candidates with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Osborn H. P. , Ansdell M. , Ioannou Y. , Sasdelli M. , Angerhausen D. , Caldwell D. , Jenkins J. M. , Räissi C. , Smith J. C. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. Accurately and rapidly classifying exoplanet candidates from transit surveys is a goal of growing importance as the data rates from space-based survey missions increase. This is especially true for the NASA TESS mission which generates thousands of new candidates each month. Here we created the first deep-learning model capable of classifying TESS planet candidates.
Methods. We adapted an existing neural network model and then trained and tested this updated model on four sectors of high-fidelity, pixel-level TESS simulations data created using the Lilith simulator and processed using the full TESS pipeline. With the caveat that direct transfer of the model to real data will not perform as accurately, we also applied this model to four sectors of TESS candidates.
Results. We find our model performs very well on our simulated data, with 97% average precision and 92% accuracy on planets in the two-class model. This accuracy is also boosted by another ~4% if planets found at the wrong periods are included. We also performed three-class and four-class classification of planets, blended and target eclipsing binaries, and non-astrophysical false positives, which have slightly lower average precision and planet accuracies but are useful for follow-up decisions. When applied to real TESS data, 61% of threshold crossing events (TCEs) coincident with currently published TESS objects of interest are recovered as planets, 4% more are suggested to be eclipsing binaries, and we propose a further 200 TCEs as planet candidates.
Solar-ice systems for multi-family buildings: hydraulics and weather data analysis
Authors: Carbonell Daniel , Schmidli Jeremias , Philippen Daniel , Haller Michel 
Published: August 2019

Dynamic simulations using the TRNSYS environment were used to assess the potentials of solar-ice systems for multi-family buildings in Switzerland. The goals of this paper were: i) to analyze and quantify the effects of different hydraulics in the primary loop (solar collectors, ice storage and heat pump), ii) to determine the energetic performance of solar-ice systems for multi-family buildings and iii) to assess the influence of the chosen weather data on the system performance. Simulations were carried out for a range of collector areas of 1.5 m2/MWh to 2.5 m2/MWh and for ice storage volumes of 0.4 m3/MWh to 0.6 m3/MWh being MWh the total yearly heat demand.
An averaged increase of the ΔSPF of 26% was obtained by using direct solar heat in the warm storage. Adding the possibility to use solar heat for heat pump evaporator, increased the SPFSHP+ by 31 %. Simulations of eight cities in Switzerland using cold, warm and normal weather data sets from SIA were carried out. Results for Davos and Locarno achieved the best results with averaged SPFSHP+ of 7.4 and 6.3 respectively. Simulations for the rest of the cities achieved averaged SPFSHP+ in the range of 3.8 to 4.5. The use a cold weather data respect to the normal one defined by the SIA standard led to an average decrease of the SPFSHP+ of 25 %. The use of a warm weather data led to an increase of the SPFSHP+ of 5 %.