bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NFKB1 promoter polymorphism: A new predictive marker of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation
Authors: Leone Francesca , Gigliotti Paolo , La Russa Antonella , Lofaro Danilo , Perri Anna , Vizza Donatella , Lupinacci Simona , Toteda Giuseppina , Bonofiglio Martina , Presta Pierangela , Talarico Roberta , Aquino Benedetta , Bonofiglio Renzo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The NF‐kB signaling pathway is highly involved in the pathogenesis of CMV infection. The ‐94ins/delATTG functional polymorphism in the promoter of NFKB1 has been associated with low intracellular levels of the protein and high incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. In this study, we evaluated the association of this NFKB1 polymorphism with the risk of CMV infection.MethodsCMV infection was defined as virus isolation or detection of viral antigens or nucleic acid in any body fluid or tissue specimen. Using Cox regression and survival analysis, we analyzed the association between the polymorphism and CMV infection as well as recurrence in the first 12 months after transplantation.ResultsWe analyzed the ‐94ins/delATTG NFKB1 polymorphism of 189 KTRs. The 65% of CMV infections occurred in ins/ins group. Survival free from CMV infection was 54.7% for ins/ins group and 79.4% for deletion carriers one year after transplantation (P < 0.0001). At multivariate regression, deletion carriers showed a lower risk of CMV infection and recurrence with respect to ins/ins KTRs (HR = 0.224 P = 0.0002; HR = 0.307, P = 0.012, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, pretransplantation screening for NFKB1 ‐94ins/delATTG polymorphism may predict CMV infection and improve the management of patients at higher risk of infection in the post‐transplant period.
Differences in barriers to birth and death registration in Guinea‐Bissau: implications for monitoring national and global health objectives
Authors: Fisker Ane B. , Rodrigues Amabélia , Helleringer Stéphane 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveImproving civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems is essential to monitoring health objectives locally and globally. The barriers to birth and particularly death registration in low‐ and middle‐income countries are however poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted a survey among women of reproductive age in Bissau, the capital of Guinea‐Bissau. We asked women with a birth in the past two years whether their child had been registered and had obtained a birth certificate. We elicited the sources of information about birth registration and asked respondents to list their reasons for (not) registering a birth. If their child had died, we asked similar questions about death registration.ResultsMost women (86%) had received messages about birth registration, but few women whose child had died had heard about the need to register deaths (22%). The primary sources of information about birth registration were messages broadcast on the radio or displayed at health facilities. Information about death registration was primarily obtained through informal social networks. Only 16% of births, and 2% of deaths, had been registered. The main barriers to birth registration were administrative pre‐requisites and paternal absence. The main reasons for not registering a death were lack of knowledge about death registration and lack of perceived benefits.ConclusionStrengthening CRVS systems requires addressing the specific barriers preventing birth and death registration. In Bissau, interventions to improve knowledge about death registration are needed. Simplifying registration procedures, as well as providing additional incentives, might help improve the coverage of birth registration.
Significant Asia‐Europe divergence in the middle spotted woodpecker (Aves, Picidae)
Authors: Kamp Laura , Pasinelli Gilberto , Milanesi Pietro , Drovetski Sergei V. , Kosiński Ziemowit , Kossenko Serguei , Robles Hugo , Schweizer Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPopulation divergence could be strongly affected by species’ ecology and might not be a direct response to climate‐driven environmental change. We tested this in the middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius), a non‐migratory, low‐dispersal habitat specialist associated with old deciduous forests of the Western Palearctic. We present the first phylogeographic study of this species integrating genetic data (three mitochondrial loci, one autosomal and one Z‐linked intron) with species distribution modelling. Based on this species’ ecology, we predicted that the middle spotted woodpecker could have colonized its current range from multiple Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refugia and that strongly structured populations could be expected. Indeed, we discovered a strong genetic divergence between Asian and European populations, with a split estimated at around one million of years ago. This was surprising given only slight intraspecific variation in plumage and morphology. Although there was no significant phylogeographic structure within the Asian and European groups, we cannot exclude the possibility of multiple refugia within either group during the LGM. This has to be further investigated with more extensive geographic sampling and larger number of variable independently evolving markers. Future studies should also investigate potential differences in vocalizations and ecology between the two groups. Lineages showing similar level of genetic differentiation including woodpeckers are often treated as species‐level taxa. Comparison of our results with the phylogeographic history of other woodpeckers, suggests that sympatric species with similar life‐histories might have idiosyncratic phylogeographic patterns probably resulting from different ecological requirements or historic stochasticity.
CO2 Absorption with NaOH Solution through the Porous PVDF Hollow Fibre Membrane Contactor
Authors: Mansourizadeh A. , Ismail A. F. 
Published: November 2018

In this study, porous hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via a wet phase inversion process. In order to improve the phase inversion rate and provide porous membranes, 4 wt.% lithium chloride (LiCl) was used in the spinning dope. The prepared membrane morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Chemical CO2absorption by NaOH solution (1M) was conducted through the PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor. The effect of the main operating condition such as absorbent temperature, CO2 pressure and absorbent flow rate on the performance of CO2 absorption was investigated. From FESEM examination, the membrane possesses an almost sponge–like structure with ultra thin skin layer. Results of CO2absorption test showed that by increasing the absorbent flow rate the CO2 flux increased which confirmed the existence of liquid side mass transfer resistance. It was found that by increasing the absorbent temperature the CO2 flux considerably improved. Meanwhile, the effect of CO2 pressure on the absorption rate was insignificant. Therefore, it can be concluded that by applying a porous hydrophobic membrane with improved structure and optimizing the operating conditions, high CO2 removal efficiency can be achieved through gas–liquid membrane contactors
Cardiovascular incidents in male professional football players with negative preparticipation cardiac screening results: an 8-year follow-up
Authors: Berge Hilde Moseby , Andersen Thor Einar , Bahr Roald 
Published: November 2018

Background
Preparticipation cardiac screening of athletes aims to detect cardiovascular disease at an early stage to prevent sudden cardiac arrests and deaths. Few studies have described the cardiovascular outcomes in athletes classified as negative on screening.

Objective
To identify cardiovascular incidents in a cohort of male professional football players who were cleared to play after a negative screening result.

Methods
This is a retrospective 8-year follow-up study of 595 professional male football players in Norway who underwent preparticipation cardiac screening by experienced cardiologists, including electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography, in 2008. We performed a media search to identify sudden cardiovascular incidents between January 2008 and February 2016. Incidents were cross-checked with medical records.

Results
Six of the 595 players (1%), all classified as negative on cardiac screening, experienced severe cardiovascular incidents during follow-up. Retrospective review revealed abnormal ECG findings in one case, not recognised at the time of screening. Three players suffered a sudden cardiac arrest (all resuscitated successfully), one a myocardial infarction, one a transient ischaemic attack and one atrial flutter. Three of the players ignored chest pain, paresis, dyspnoea or near-syncope, two completed a match with symptoms before seeking medical assistance, one player’s symptoms were misinterpreted and received inappropriate treatment initially, and two players were discharged from hospital without proper follow-up, despite having serious cardiovascular symptoms.

Conclusions
A comprehensive preparticipation cardiac screening did not identify a subset of 6 of 595 players who experienced subsequent cardiovascular incidents as being at risk. It is important to remind athletes that a normal cardiac screening exam does not protect against all cardiac diseases. Timely reporting of symptoms is essential.
The Acute Management of Unstable Intra-Articular Fractures of the Base of the Middle Phalanx: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamilton Laura Clare 
Published: November 2018

Background: Within hand trauma, the management of unstable, intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx remains highly controversial. The objective of this research was to determine which operation gives the best outcome in the management of displaced, intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx causing instability of the proximal interphalangeal joint.Methods: A scoping study was performed to determine the evidence available and the terminology used. A Systematic Review was then performed along PRISMA guidelines. This Systematic Review looked specifically for papers available in English, published over the last ten years, with clinical data for at least five cases of acute unstable fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. There must be two years follow-up with less than 30% loss to follow-up.Results: There were no Systematic Reviews or Cochrane reviews. There were no randomized controlled trials and the best studies were simply cohort studies with level III or IV evidence. There was a paucity of high quality studies, with small, heterogeneous groups, short length of follow-up and high loss to follow up. Only seven papers met the Systematic Review criteria.Conclusions: General trends show excellent return of grip strength and good function despite some ongoing pain and stiffness. There were high complication rates for all techniques and the possible reasons for different outcomes are discussed.
Simultaneous Phrenic and Intercostal Nerves Transfer for Elbow Flexion and Extension in Total Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion Injury
Authors: Malungpaishope Kanchai , Leechavengvongs Somsak , Ratchawatana Patamaporn , Pitakveerakul Akaradech , Jindahara Sarun , Uerpairojkit Chairoj , Putthiwara Dechporn , Anantavorasakul Navapong , Tan Valerie Huali 
Published: November 2018

Background: To report the results of restoring the elbow flexion and extension in patients with total brachial root avulsion injuries by simultaneous transfer of the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps and three intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps. Methods: Ten patients with total brachial root avulsion injuries underwent the spinal accessory nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve for shoulder reconstruction. Simultaneous transfer of the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps via the sural nerve graft and three intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps was done for restoration of the elbow flexion and extension. Trunk flexion exercise program was used for all patients postoperatively. The mean follow up period was 36 months. Results: For elbow flexion, there were two M4, seven M3, and one M1. For elbow extension, there were three M4, four M3, two M2, and one M1. No patient demonstrated a respiratory problem clinically postoperatively. The average FVC% decreased to 61% of the predicted value at 24 months after surgery. Conclusions: The simultaneous nerve transfer using the phrenic nerve to the nerve to the biceps and 3 intercostal nerves to the nerve of the long head of the triceps with postoperative trunk flexion exercise provide a comparable result for restoration of elbow function in total brachial plexus root avulsion injury. The patients who appear to have a respiratory problem and are unable to comply with the post-operative respiratory muscles training should be contraindicated for this simultaneous transfer.
Effects of Anthropometric Measurements on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Avsaroglu Hazim , Ozcakir Suheda 
Published: November 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric hand/wrist measurements and outcomes following static wrist splintage in patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Thirty nine patients with mild-to-moderate CTS were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements of hand and wrist including wrist width, wrist depth, palm length, hand length, wrist ratio (wrist depth/wrist width) and wrist/palm ratio (wrist depth/palm length) were recorded as well as body mass index and ultrasonographic cross sectional area of median nerve. Patients were treated with static wrist splints and evaluated at 2nd, 4th and 12th weeks with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, median nerve nerve conduction studies, Visual Analog Scale for pain and Likert Scale for numbness. Results: Following treatment with a static wrist splint, the wrist ratio was correlated significantly with improvements in Boston Functional Status Scale at the second and forth weeks (r = −0.354, p = 0.027 and r = −0.320, p = 0.050 respectively) and Visual Analog Scale at the forth and 12th weeks (r = −0.352, p = 0.030 and r = −0.360, p = 0.029 respectively). Conclusions: Splinting provides symptomatic improvement in mild-to-moderate CTS and this study suggests that the wrist anthropometric measurements may influence treatment outcomes.
Water intake increases mesenteric lymph flow and the total flux of albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and IL-22 in rats: new concept of absorption in jejunum
Authors: Nagashio Sachiho , Ajima Kumiko , Maejima Daisuke , Sanjo Hideki , Kajihara Ryo , Hayashi Moyuru , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Kaidoh Maki , Yokoyama Yumiko , Taki Shinshuke , Kawai Yoshiko , Ohhashi Toshio 
Published: November 2018

The traditional Japanese health care custom recommends that a suitable volume of water is consumed. However, physiological and immunological mechanisms in support of this practice are unknown. Therefore, we conducted rat and rabbit in vivo experiments to investigate the effects of intragastric administration of distilled water on the jejunal-originated lymph flow and the concentrations and total flux of cells, albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC-3)-secreted interleukin-22 (IL-22) through mesenteric lymph vessels. The distribution and activity of ILC-3 in rat small intestine by water intake were evaluated using flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The intragastric administration of distilled water caused significant increases in rat mesenteric lymph flow and in the total flux of cells, albumin, long-chain fatty acids, and IL-22 through the lymph vessels. Intravenously injected Evans blue dye was rapidly transported into rabbit mesenteric lymph vessel and cisterna chyli. The distribution of ILC-3 and the expression of IL-22 mRNA were maximal in the lamina propria cells of the rat jejunum. No significant presence of ILC-3 in the lymph was observed in the control and under water intake conditions. In conclusion, the absorbed water in the jejunum is transported through mesenteric lymph vessels. The higher permeability of albumin in the jejunal microcirculation may play key roles in the transport of consumed water and the reservoir and transporter of long-chain fatty acids. Water intake also accelerates the transfer of IL-22 to the mesenteric lymph, which may contribute, in part, to maintaining and promoting the innate immunity in the body. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The higher permeability of albumin-mediated transport of water-soluble substances in mesenteric lymph vessels of the jejunum may have a large impact on the classic concept suggesting that water-soluble small molecules travel to the liver via the portal vein. ILC-3 is mainly housed in the lamina propria of the jejunum, especially its upper part. IL-22 released from the ILC-3 is also transported through mesenteric lymph in collaboration with the albumin-mediated movement of consumed water.
Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jeong Jin Hee , Lee Nichole , Tucker Matthew A. , Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula , Looney Jacob , Thomas Jeffrey , Derella Casandra C. , El-Marakby Ahmed , Musall Jacqueline B. , Sullivan Jennifer C. , McKie Kathleen T. , Forseen Caralee , Davison Gareth W. , Harris Ryan A. 
Published: November 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in maintaining vascular function, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of NO bioavailability. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of BH4 on endothelial function in patients with CF. Twenty-nine patients with CF (18 ± 8 yr old) and 29 healthy matched controls were recruited. Patients with CF participated in a randomized trial where they received a 5 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-5; n = 17) or a 20 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-20; n = 12). On a separate visit, a subset of patients from each group was retested following a placebo (PLC; n = 9). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate vascular endothelial function, and a plasma sample was obtained before and 3 h after treatment. Cultured endothelial cells were treated with plasma to assess NO bioavailability. Baseline FMD was lower in patients compared with controls (5.7 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = 0.005). No change in FMD was observed following PLC or BH4-5 (∆FMD: −0.8 ± 1.9% and −0.5 ± 2.5%; P = 0.273 and 0.132, respectively). Treatment with BH4-20, however, resulted in significant improvements in FMD (∆FMD: 1.1 ± 1.4%) compared with BH4-5 ( P = 0.023) and PLC ( P = 0.017). Moreover, BH4-20 significantly decreased endothelial cell superoxide production and increased NO production. These data suggest that a single oral dose of BH4 at 20 mg/kg improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely via increased endothelial NO synthase coupling. These findings support the hypothesis that loss of BH4 bioactivity contributes, in part, to endothelial dysfunction in patients with CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the present study documents that a single dose of oral BH4 can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and our in vitro data suggest this is via decreasing uncoupled nitric oxide. These data provide insight into the important role of BH4 bioactivity in vascular dysfunction and provide the foundation for further investigation into the chronic effects of BH4 treatment in patients with CF.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O CONSENTIMENTO NO SEGUNDO TRATADO DE JOHN LOCKE
Authors: Tsuji Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo procura-se destacar alguns pontos acerca do conceito de consentimento no Segundo tratado sobre o governo, a fim de fomentar a discussão sobre esse tema, bastante relevante, e ao mesmo tempo complexo, para a compreensão da teoria política de Locke. Neste percurso, busca-se ressaltar algumas passagens mais relevantes para a apreensão dessa noção com base em sua análise tanto no início das sociedades políticas quanto no exercício do governo civil. Além disso, procura-se apontar a conexão entre consentimento e confiança e a importância da distinção entre consentimento tácito e expresso para a compreensão do texto.
Tragédia ao rés do chão
Authors: Villaça Davi Lopes 
Published: November 2018

Em Shakespeare nas Dunas, do livro Nu, de Botas, o cronista Antonio Prata relata seu primeiro contato com a história de Romeu e Julieta, propiciando uma série de reflexões ligadas à literatura e suas funções. Esperando dar espaço a algumas dessas reflexões, o presente artigo consiste numa análise fechada da crônica – observando seu próprio processo de composição artística – entremeada por considerações de ordem mais geral, sobretudo no que respeita à experiência do leitor que se identifica com uma história. Além disso, o artigo promove também, a partir de uma comparação com outros gêneros mencionados no texto de Prata (tragédia e fábula), uma discussão em torno do gênero da crônica, cuja finalidade é, acima de tudo, o reconhecimento de algumas de suas características principais.
Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Can We Do Better?
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Morrison Hugh , Shima Shin-Ichiro , Abade Gustavo C. , Dziekan Piotr , Pawlowska Hanna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Representation of cloud microphysics is a key aspect of simulating clouds. From the early days of cloud modeling, numerical models have relied on an Eulerian approach for all cloud and thermodynamic and microphysics variables. Over time the sophistication of microphysics schemes has steadily increased, from simple representations of bulk masses of cloud and rain in each grid cell, to including different ice particle types and bulk hydrometeor concentrations, to complex schemes referred to as bin or spectral schemes that explicitly evolve the hydrometeor size distributions within each model grid cell. As computational resources grow, there is a clear trend toward wider use of bin schemes, including their use as benchmarks to develop and test simplified bulk schemes. We argue that continuing on this path brings fundamental challenges difficult to overcome. The Lagrangian particle-based probabilistic approach is a practical alternative in which the myriad of cloud and precipitation particles present in a natural cloud is represented by a judiciously selected ensemble of point particles called superdroplets or superparticles. The advantages of the Lagrangian particle-based approach when compared to the Eulerian bin methodology are explained, and the prospects of applying the method to more comprehensive cloud simulations—for instance, targeting deep convection or frontal cloud systems—are discussed.