bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home care services for older persons. The views of older persons and family members: A realistic evaluation
Authors: Sanerma Päivi , Paavilainen Eija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate client‐centred care in older persons’ home care services from the perspective of older persons and family members. The following research questions were addressed: How do home care older persons and family members perceive client‐centered care in their home care services? What kind of social mechanisms are realized when home care services are implemented?BackgroundSeveral older persons are dependent on home care services for their continued living at home. The fundamental value and best practice of home care is the client‐centred care in services.MethodThe research method was realistic evaluation. Six families with six older person clients of home care and seven family members were interviewed. In the present study, the interview contained three themes (1) content and services of the home care, (2) activities and practices of the home care and (3) development of client centredness in home care. Research data were analysed with deductive content analysis.ResultsHome care service should be based on analysis of older person's individual life situation. Social mechanisms such as interaction, participation, trust and adaptation are realised in implementation of home care services. The most significant outcomes of client‐centred service were timely availability of services, safe care relationship and continuity of care, ability to influence on own services and appropriate price of services. Significant factors in quality of service were unhurriedness, kindness and competence of professionals.Implication for practiceSocial mechanisms, such as participation, trust, adaptation and interaction, should be taken in account in care relationship in home care. Client centredness and methods for evaluating it should be defined in practical work. Client‐centeredness competence should also be included in all stages of professional education of home care.
Foliar disease resistant and productive mutants from the introgression lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Joshi Pushpesh , Jadhav Mangesh P. , Shirasawa Kenta , Yadawad Arati , Bhat Ramesh S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith an objective of developing the induced mutants for superior productivity and resistance to foliar diseases in peanut, two introgression lines (IL‐3 and IL‐4) derived from ABK genomes of peanut were subjected to gamma and sodium azide mutagenesis. Evaluation of M1, M2 and M3 generations could identify foliar disease resistant and productive mutants. Large‐scale evaluation of M4 mutants during the rainy season of 2017 confirmed the superiority of 12 mutants over the respective parents and the best check (GPBD 4). The selected mutants were resistant to leaf spots (early and late) and rust diseases, and significantly more productive than the parents and GPBD 4. ddRAD‐Sequencing of these mutants identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to their parents. The genes harbouring these structural mutations were also identified. However, no copy number variations (CNVs) were observed between the mutants and the parents. The selected mutants carried resistant‐type alleles at the marker loci linked to foliar disease resistance. These promising mutants (M8) are currently under initial trials of variety development for commercial release.
Ovine sperm DNA oxidation quantification using an 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay
Authors: Soria‐Meneses Pedro Javier , Jurado‐Campos Alejandro , Montoro Vidal , Soler Ana Josefa , Garde José Julián , Fernández‐Santos María del Rocío 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur aim was to optimize 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) immunodetection in order to detect DNA damage caused by oxidative stress that may not be detected by other DNA integrity analysis techniques, especially due to the high compaction of DNA in ruminants. Semen samples from 6 rams were cryopreserved. After thawing, samples were subjected to the DNA oxidation quantification using an 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay by flow cytometry. We have evaluated two different incubation times (30 min vs. overnight) at 4°C of the primary antibody (monoclonal anti‐8‐OHdG antibody). We have also compared the results of this technique with the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®). The analysis revealed that there were no significant differences (p > .05) between different incubation times. However, overnight incubation seems to cause more non‐specific binding of the secondary antibody. Significant differences (p < .05) between subjects and oxidation controls (8 M H2O2/800 μM FeSO4•7H2O) were evident. We can conclude that the 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay for DNA oxidation quantification of ram sperm can be performed subjecting sperm samples to a very high oxidative treatment.
Mixing business with politics: Does corporate social responsibility end where lobbying transparency begins?
Authors: Favotto Alvise , Kollman Kelly 
Published: October 2019

AbstractScholars increasingly have argued that the future effectiveness and legitimacy of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are dependent on more transparent forms of lobbying to ensure firms' policy positions are aligned with their CSR commitments. Very little empirical work, however, has systematically analyzed firms' lobbying disclosures or examined how these firms coordinate their lobbying and CSR activities. We address these empirical questions by analyzing the CSR reports of 150 corporations from Germany, the UK and the US over an 18‐year period and by conducting interviews with the CSR managers of these firms. We find that corporations have become more transparent about their public policy advocacy over time, thus acknowledging that lobbying is a CSR issue. For most firms, however, this commitment to transparency appears to be largely ceremonial. Few firms disclose the specific policy positions they advocate or sufficiently coordinate the work of their lobbying and CSR units to foster greater alignment of these activities. These modest changes in lobbying transparency appear to be driven by legitimacy concerns and, in a few instances, by governance gaps firms perceive to be relevant to their future business interests.
Arm crank ergometer “spin” training improves seated balance and aerobic capacity in people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Williams Alison M. M. , Chisholm Amanda E. , Lynn Andrea , Malik Raza N. , Eginyan Gevorg , Lam Tania 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThere is some evidence that upper‐body training modalities can improve not only aerobic capacity but also seated balance in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), even in those classified with motor‐complete paralysis above T6. Here, we evaluated the effect of arm crank ergometry (ACE) “spin” training on trunk muscle recruitment and its effects on seated balance and aerobic capacity.MethodsEight individuals with high‐level complete and 6 with either a low‐level complete or a motor‐incomplete SCI participated in this study. Participants completed 5 weeks of a group ACE “spin” training protocol which featured modulations in cadence and resistance as well as back‐supported and unsupported bouts. Surface electromyography was used to confirm trunk muscle recruitment during unsupported ACE. Changes in aerobic capacity (peak oxygen consumption) and seated balance control (center of pressure parameters) were assessed at pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsUnsupported ACE was effective for eliciting trunk muscle activity (P < .05). Following training, peak oxygen consumption significantly improved by an average of 16% (P = .005). Static sitting balance significantly improved from pre‐ to post‐intervention, but only when tested with eyes closed as measured by a reduction in area (P = .047) and velocity of center of pressure (P = .013). No significant changes were observed in static sitting balance with eyes open or in dynamic sitting balance.ConclusionGroup ACE “spin” classes may benefit not only aerobic fitness but also static seated balance control in people with SCI.
Monitoring maternal and newborn health outcomes globally: a brief history of key events and initiatives
Authors: Moller Ann‐Beth , Patten Jane H. , Hanson Claudia , Morgan Alison , Say Lale , Diaz Theresa , Moran Allisyn C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveOver time, we have seen a major evolution of measurement initiatives, indicators and methods, such that today a wide range of maternal and perinatal indicators are monitored and new indicators are under development. Monitoring global progress in maternal and newborn health outcomes and development has been dominated in recent decades by efforts to set, measure and achieve global goals and targets: the Millennium Development Goals followed by the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper aims to review, reflect and learn on accelerated progress towards global goals and events, including universal health coverage, and better tracking of maternal and newborn health outcomes.MethodsWe searched for literature of key events and global initiatives over recent decades related to maternal and newborn health. The searches were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and the World Health Organization Global Index Medicus.ResultsThis paper describes global key events and initiatives over recent decades showing how maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and stillbirths, have been viewed, when they have achieved higher priority on the global agenda, and how they have been measured, monitored and reported. Despite substantial improvements, the enormous maternal and newborn health disparities that persist within and between countries indicate the urgent need to renew the focus on reducing inequities.ConclusionThe review has featured the long story of the progress in monitoring improving maternal and newborn health outcomes, but has also underlined current gaps and significant inequities. The many global initiatives described in this paper have highlighted the magnitude of the problems and have built the political momentum over the years for effectively addressing maternal and newborn health and well‐being, with particular focus on improved measurement and monitoring.
Characterization of TAG‐63 and its role on axonal transport in C. elegans
Authors: Bhan Prerana , Muthaiyan Shanmugam Muniesh , Wang Ding , Bayansan Odvogmed , Chen Chih‐Wei , Wagner Oliver I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModel organisms are increasingly used to study and understand how neurofilament (NF)‐based neurological diseases develop. However, whether a NF homolog exists in C. elegans remains unclear. We characterize TAG‐63 as a NF‐like protein with sequence homologies to human NEFH carrying various coiled coils as well as clustered phosphorylation sites. TAG‐63 also exhibits features of NFL such as a molecular weight of around 70 kD, the lack of KSP repeats and the ability to form 10 nm filamentous structures in transmission electron micrographs. An anti‐NEFH antibody detects a band at the predicted molecular weight of TAG‐63 in Western blots of whole worm lysates and this band cannot be detected in tag‐63 knockout worms. A transcriptional tag‐63 reporter expresses in a broad range of neurons, and various anti‐NFH antibodies stain worm neurons with an overlapping expression of axonal vesicle transporter UNC‐104(KIF1A). Cultured neurons grow shorter axons when incubating with drugs known to disintegrate the NF network and rhodamine‐labeled in vitro reconstituted TAG‐63 filaments disintegrate upon drug exposure. Speeds of UNC‐104 motors are diminished in tag‐63 mutant worms with visibly increased accumulations of motors along axons. UNC‐104/TAG‐63 and SNB‐1/TAG‐63 not only colocalize in neurons but also revealed positive BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence assay) signals. In summary, we identified and characterized TAG‐63 in C. elegans, and demonstrate that lack of this protein limits axonal transport efficiencies. Additionally, this study would aid in developing NF‐related disease models in the future.
From carry trades to curvy trades
Authors: Dreher Ferdinand , Gräb Johannes , Kostka Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraditional carry trade strategies are based on differences in short‐term interest rates, neglecting any other information embedded in yield curves. We derive return distributions of currency portfolios, where the signals to buy and sell currencies are based on summary measures of the yield curve. We find that a strategy based on the relative curvature factor, the curvy trade, yields higher Sharpe ratios and a smaller return skewness than traditional carry strategies. Curvy trades build less upon the typical carry currencies and are hence less susceptible to crash risk. In line with that, standard pricing factors of traditional carry returns fail to explain curvy trade returns.
The unconventional monetary policy of the European Central Bank: Effectiveness and transmission analysis
Authors: Zabala Jose A. , Prats Maria A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the beginning of the financial crisis in summer 2007, the European Central Bank (ECB) has redirected traditional monetary policy, based on interest rates, to an unconventional monetary policy focused on the quantitative expansion of its balance sheet. In this context, the present paper aims to assess the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy instruments with regard to inflation and economic growth. To this end, the methodology is based on the estimation of a structural vector autoregressive model for the period 2007:Q1–2018:Q4, using four variables: EONIA, the total amount of assets on the ECB's balance sheet, the Eurozone inflation rate and the Eurozone economic growth rate. The results show a slight impact of the different balance sheet policies on inflation and economic activity behaviour, especially during the last year of the financial crisis. The robustness of these results is supported by the estimation of the same model replacing EONIA rates with shadow rates. Therefore, the results support the existence of monetary transmission for the period during which the unconventional monetary policy was developed as well as the effectiveness of the monetary policy adopted by the ECB in its commitment to price stability.
Effects of a Symptom Management Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Lin Li‐Ying , Lee Bih‐O , Wang Ruey‐Hsia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFindings from previous studies examining the effectiveness of symptom management on patients with diabetes that were implemented in home settings were inconclusive. Exploring the effects of a diabetes symptom management program on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical settings is useful for healthcare providers to improve their diabetes care.AimsTo examine the effects of a diabetes symptom management program (DSMP) on HbA1c levels, self‐care behaviors, quality of life (QoL), and symptom severity in clinics in patients with T2DM.MethodsThis study was a single‐blind randomized controlled trial. The control group (n = 30) received usual care. The experimental group (n = 30) received DSMP and usual care. The primary outcome variable was HbA1c levels; the secondary outcome variables were self‐care behaviors, QoL, and diabetes symptom severity. Outcome variables were measured at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1) and 6 months after the intervention (T2), and HbA1c levels were further collected at 9 months after the intervention (T3).ResultsThe decreasing levels of HbA1c from T0 to T2 and from T0 to T3 and for severity of diabetes symptoms from T0 to T2 in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group. The increasing levels of self‐care behavior and QoL from T0 to T1 and from T0 to T2 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Linking Evidence to ActionDSMP implemented in the clinic setting has effects on improving HbA1c, self‐care behaviors, QoL, and preventing worsening severity of diabetes symptoms for outpatients with T2DM. Healthcare providers could assess diabetes symptoms of patients with high HbA1c levels and provide symptom management care rather than merely providing education on improvement of self‐care behaviors.
What Do Nurses Need to Practice Effectively in the Hospital Environment? An Integrative Review With Implications for Nurse Leaders
Authors: Kowalski Mildred Ortu , Basile Cindy , Bersick Eileen , Cole Donna A. , McClure Diane E. , Weaver Susan H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen staffing legislation was introduced, New Jersey nurse leaders recognized from the research and their years of clinical leadership experience that the work environment is a multidimensional concept and that staffing is not the only variable related to nurse and patient outcomes. Thus, an understanding of what nurses need in their hospital environment to practice nursing effectively was sought.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the evidence regarding clinical nurses’ perception of what they need to practice nursing effectively in the acute care hospital environment.MethodsThe following population, intervention, comparison, outcome question was used to search the literature databases PubMed, CINAHL, Johanna Briggs, and the Sigma Theta Tau Henderson Library: In the hospital environment what do nurses perceive as needed to practice nursing effectively? Specific search criteria and the Johns Hopkins nursing guidelines and tools were used to identify relative studies.ResultsThe final review, which addressed what nurses in the hospital environment need to practice nursing effectively, included 25 articles: 20 were an evidence level III, and five were evidence level II. From this review, five key concepts were identified: Leadership, autonomy/decision making, respect/teamwork, resources/staffing, and organizational commitment to nursing.Linking Evidence to ActionThis integrative review, which explored nurses’ perceptions of what is needed to provide effective quality care, identified that providing quality care is multifactorial in nature. Resources, including but not limited to staffing, and leadership were identified as important by nurses as a key factor in supporting quality care. Nurses must be provided with resources and infrastructure to do their jobs, in an environment supported by authentic transformational leadership.
Fragmentación sociotécnica. Un análisis sobre la forma y la distribución de las edificaciones en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago
Authors: Vergara-Vidal Jorge Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

Para explorar los efectos que los procesos de edificación tienen sobre los conjuntos urbanos, se analizaron las estadísticas de edificación, población y vivienda correspondientes alas comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS), entre 1990 y 2014. El análisis estadístico de estos datos permitió identificar que el proceso observado, marcadamenteresidencial, era protagonizado por dos tipologías de edificaciones, aquellas de entre uno a dos pisos (casas) y aquellas de nueve pisos y más (edificios). Al verificar la distribuciónde estas tipologías en las comunas de la RMS se pudo observar que tenían la capacidad de caracterizar y agrupar comunas, configurando con ello dos escenarios sociotécnicosdiferentes dentro de una misma ciudad. El texto explora las incidencias de estas diferencias, que identifica como parte de la condición sociotécnica de la ciudad.
The Complete Performance Map of Gas Wave Ejector and Analysis on the Variation Laws and Limitation of Performance
Authors: Hu Dapeng , Zhao Yiming , Wu Teng , Li Zhonghui , Yu Yang , Wang Jingxian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The gas wave ejector (GWE) is an efficient gas wave equipment using pressure waves to realize energy exchange. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the limitation of application range and the factors affecting the performance of GWE was carried out by numerical simulation. And a complete experimental system including an adjustable GWE was employed to obtain the specific performance values in various working conditions. Such theoretical analysis showed that the device became inapplicable with a relatively high driving pressure ratio, resulting from the generation of supersonic flow at the outlet end of the passages. A relatively high supercharging ratio also limited the equipment application because of the weakening of the reflected expansion waves and the enhancement of the reversed compression wave. Furthermore, the mixing, vortex, viscosity, and other flow losses could also affect the equipment performance. Then, a complete performance map indicating the specific performance values in the application range was obtained by plenty of experiments. The performance map proved that GWE had excellent efficiency and broad applicability especially as the driving pressure ratio was lower than 2.6. The results are significant for practical application and performance improvement of GWE.
Experimental Study on Damping Acoustic Pressure Pulsations in Pipeline Systems Using Helmholtz Resonators
Authors: Sachedina Karim , Mohany Atef , Hassan Marwan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acoustic pressure pulsations can be problematic in industrial pipelines, especially when the excitation frequency matches an acoustic resonance frequency of the pipeline. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of Helmholtz resonators (HRs) in multiple arrangements on the attenuation of acoustic pressure pulsations in piping systems. In a resonant pipeline (i.e., an acoustic standing wave scenario), maximal attenuation is achieved when the HR is inserted at the acoustic pressure antinode. The insertion loss (IL) in an off-resonant system is found to be relatively consistent, unless there is a coupling between the HR and the downstream end termination in which case there is a decrease in attenuation. Multiple, small-volume HRs in various configurations can achieve the same level of damping as that of a single HR with the same total volume. Moreover, it is shown that the use of multiple HRs placed at strategic spacing intervals along the length of a pipeline can yield significant acoustic damping, without the need for characterizing the acoustic waves in the pipeline system. An axial spacing of a quarter wavelength of the frequency of interest between multiple HRs is shown to increase the peak attenuation, which is indicative of a favorable coupling between HRs. The effect of flow velocity and its directionality with respect to the sound source is also investigated. The results presented in this paper provide practical techniques that can be used for the implementation of HR in pipeline systems.