bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Convexification Strategy for Generalized Geometric Programming Problems
Authors: Lu Hao-Chun , Yao Liming 
Published: April 2019

Generalized geometric programming (GGP) problems consist of a signomial being minimized in the objective function subject to signomial constraints, and such problems have been utilized in various fields. After modeling numerous applications as GGP problems, solving them has become a significant requirement. A convex underestimator is considered an important concept to solve GGP problems for obtaining the global minimum. Among convex underestimators, variable transformation is one of the most popular techniques. This study utilizes an estimator to solve the difficulty of selecting an appropriate transformation between the exponential transformation and power convex transformation techniques and considers all popular types of transformation techniques to develop a novel and efficient convexification strategy for solving GGP problems. This proposed convexification strategy offers a guide for selecting the most appropriate transformation techniques on any condition of a signomial term to obtain the tightest convex underestimator. Several numerical examples in the online supplement are presented to investigate the effects of different convexification strategies on GGP problems and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed convexification strategy with regard to both solution quality and computation efficiency. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0850 .
ALTERAÇÕES PIGMENTARES PÓS-TRATAMENTOS ESTÉTICOS EM PESSOAS DE PELE NEGRA
Authors: Rabello Catiane Perereira , Francisco Juçara , Machado Karina Elisa 
Published: April 2019

A procura por tratamentos estéticos faciais destinados à pele negra (Fototipos IV, V e VI, na escala de Fitzpatrick) tem crescido vertiginosamente nos últimos anos. Em contraponto a esse crescimento, os procedimentos estéticos e cosméticos disponíveis no mercado, em parte, não atendem às necessidades específicas deste tipo de pele. A pele negra apresenta características anatômicas, fisiológicas e patológicas diferentes da pele branca, que possibilitam aos tratamentos estéticos e produtos cosméticos desencadearem desordens pigmentares. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar as principais desordens pigmentares, pós-tratamentos estéticos faciais, em pessoas de pele negra. O presente estudo caracterizou-se com uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória-descritiva com abordagem qualitative. Nesse context, foram buscadas informações a respeito da pele negra, das desordens pigmentares, dos procedimentos estéticos faciais e dos produtos cosméticos. Os resultados mostraram que a discromia dérmica originada na pele negra, assim como em outros tipos de pele é, na maioria das vezes, consequência de uma resposta inflamatória, porém os fototipos elevados são mais predispostos às alterações pigmentares. Entre discromias podem ser destacados o melasma, a hiperpigmentação e a hipopigmentação pós-inflamatória. Os tratamentos citados no presente artigo (agentes despigmentantes, peelings químicos, microdermoabrasão e microagulhamento) oferecem risco de ocasionar alterações pigmentares em fototipos elevados, principalmente se a pele apresentar algum tipo de lesão prévia. Assim, mesmo com o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e novas tecnologias, o mercado da Estética e Cosmética ainda precisa investir mais em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de produtos destinados a esse público, considerando as particularidades deste tipo pele.
Barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in two semi-rural Nicaraguan communities
Authors: Parker J.J. , Veldhuis Cindy B. , Hughes Tonda L. , Haider Sadia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identify barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in two neighboring semi-rural communities in Nicaragua.

Methods
We recruited and surveyed a convenience sample of 287 adolescents, ages 15–19 years old, in July and August, 2013 about barriers to contraceptive use. We compared adolescents by gender, sexually active status (sexual intercourse in the previous year) and frequency of contraceptive use.

Results
More than 40% (43.5%) of the adolescents surveyed reported that they had ever had sexual intercourse. The likelihood of ever having had sexual intercourse differed based on gender, relationship status, sexual activity of peers, and the presence of a father in the home. Contraceptive use was low and female adolescents were more likely than their male counterparts to report never or rarely using contraceptives (46.5% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.007). Contraceptive use for females was positively associated with discussing contraception with a healthcare professional (HCP) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 13.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–139.98] and a family member (AOR 4.64; 95% CI 1.09–19.72). Reasons for non-use also varied significantly by gender. Low rates of contraceptive use in these two semi-rural Nicaraguan communities appear to be primarily related to gender norms, social stigma, and poor communication about family planning.

Conclusions
Interventions that focus on promoting gender equality and encouraging adolescent communication with HCPs, schools, families, and partners are imperative to combating adolescent pregnancy in Nicaragua and countries worldwide.
Enhanced hybrid optics by growing silver nanoparticles at local intensity hot spots
Authors: Shutsko Ivan , Böttge Christian Michael , von Bargen Jonas , Henkel Andreas , Meudt Maik , Görrn Patrick 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show an extraordinary strong interaction with light, which enables confinement and field enhancement at the nanoscale. However, despite their localized nature, such phenomena are often sought to be exploited on a larger device length scale, for example, in sensors, solar cells, or photocatalytic cells. Unfortunately, this is often limited by strong absorption. One way to reduce these losses is to first focus light with low loss dielectric optics and then to place the AgNPs in that focus. Here, we present a clear experimental proof that growth of AgNPs from the liquid phase at a substrate surface can be controlled by light. Violet light of 405 nm and 1.5 W/cm2 is coupled into thin film resonators and locally focused at their surface. The AgNPs grow at the focus position with sub-Abbe alignment accuracy. Numerical simulations confirm that this alignment causes an increased field enhancement within the AgNPs and is therefore expected to lead to an improved performance of the resulting hybrid devices.
The crystal structure of bis(ferrocenecarboxylato-κ2
O,O′)bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-κN]copper(II) — acetonitrile(1/2), C40H44CuO4Fe2N6
Authors: Wang Su-Juan , Zhu Dong-Jian , Ren Ai-Shan , Yan Xiao-Wei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
C40H44CuO4Fe2N6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.4758(4) Å, b = 7.7447(5) Å, c = 16.2929(10) Å, α = 87.111(2)°, β = 85.196(2)°, γ = 89.736(2)°, V = 938.82(10) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0672, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1316, T = 150(2) K.
Kindesmisshandlung – Eine Übersicht
Authors: Ohlwärther Theresa , Dettmeyer Reinhard , Birngruber Christoph G. 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Misshandlung und sexueller Missbrauch von Kindern hinterlassen u.a. physische Verletzungen. Diese können bei zeitnaher Dokumentation entscheidend sein für eine Beweisführung u.a. vor Gericht. Dabei werden körperliche Untersuchungen von verschiedenen Institutionen in Auftrag gegeben (Jugendamt, Polizei, Staatsanwaltschaft, Gericht) und es werden Gewaltformen unterschieden: stumpfe Gewalt (z.B. Schläge), thermische Gewalt (z.B. Verbrennen durch eine Zigarette), scharfe Gewalt (z.B. durch ein Messer). Hinzu kommen spezielle Formen der Kindesmisshandlung: u.a. das Schütteltrauma-Syndrom und das Münchhausen-Syndrom by proxy.
Grenzüberschreitendes Verhalten und Gewalt in Beziehungen Jugendlicher
Authors: Schultes Kristin 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Grenzüberschreitungen und Gewalt in jugendlichen Beziehungen stehen in Zusammenhang mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen und stellen ein Element in der Chronifizierung von Gewalt dar. Bisher werden zur Messung Fragebögen eingesetzt, in denen einzelne Gewalthandlungen erfragt und diese anschließend unter den Gewaltformen subsummiert werden. Um das Phänomen verstehen und geschlechterdifferente Unterschiede abbilden zu können, darf der Gewaltkontext nicht unberücksichtigt bleiben. Typologien aus qualitativen Studien sollten die Basis für die Entwicklung neuer Instrumente bilden.
Gesundheitsversorgung bei häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt
Authors: Wieners Karin , Winterholler Marion , Sautter Dorothea , Wöpking Marie 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) begreift häusliche und sexualisierte Gewalt als zentrale Public Health-Problematik insbesondere für Frauen und ihre Kinder. In der Gesundheitsversorgung bestehen gute Möglichkeiten für Intervention und Prävention. Es liegen evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen, Interventionskonzepte und Materialien für Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung vor. Herausforderungen bestehen im Hinblick auf die systematische Verankerung der Thematik im Gesundheitsbereich und die Entwicklung von Schnittstellen zum Kinderschutz.
Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in der Pflege
Authors: Abraham Jens , Möhler Ralph , Köpke Sascha 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen, wie Bettgitter oder Gurte an Stuhl und Bett, unterscheiden sich zwar von direkten körperlichen und psychischen Gewalthandlungen in der Pflege, sind aber aus pflegefachlicher und ethischer Perspektive prinzipiell ebenso unangemessen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu einer leitlinienbasierten komplexen Intervention zur Vermeidung von freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen in deutschen Pflegeheimen.
Violence and public health
Authors: Butchart Alexander , Burrows Stephanie , Kieselbach Berit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Violence is a major public health problem and in recent years has become increasingly important on the global public health agenda. This article provides an overview of the history and significance of interpersonal violence – including child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence and elder abuse – in global health and development policy, and illustrates the public health approach to violence prevention.
Eyes of covalent organic frameworks: cooperation between analytical chemistry and COFs
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhang Longwen , Xue Rui , Ma Baolong , Yang Wu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous organic crystal materials. Since Yaghi and co-workers reported the first COF material in 2005 (Côté, A. P.; Benin, A. I.; Ockwig, N. W.; O’Keeffe, M.; Matzger, A. J.; Yaghi, O. M. Science
2005, 310, 1166–1170), COFs have shown great potential and research value in many fields, for instance, gas storage and separation, photoelectric function, fluorescence sensor, catalysis, drug delivery, dye and pollutant adsorption, electronic devices and so on. In this review, the frequently used analysis and characterization methods for COFs are summarized, and two to three examples are selected for each analysis and characterization technique in order to explain it in detail. The selected examples of COFs, which either had a unique structure and feature, or were reported for the first time, can be conducive to understanding COFs and their analysis methods better and faster. The application of COFs in analysis and detection is also introduced in this review, including fluorescent analysis, separation and enrichment. The cooperation between analytical chemistry and COFs is fully reflected. This review is helpful for the person interested in this subject and provides some useful information on the characterization methods and the applications of COFs for the beginners.
Crystal structure and in vitro antimicrobial activity studies of Robustic acid and other Alpinumisoflavones isolated from Millettia thonningii
Authors: Harrison Jerry Joe E.K. , Ayine-Tora Moscoh Daniel , Appiagyei Benjamin , Mills-Robertson Felix C. , Asomaning William A. , Achel Daniel G. , Ishida Hiroyuki , Kingsford-Adaboh Robert 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report a systematic study of the antibacterial inhibitory potential of isoflavone natural products isolated from the seeds extracts of Millettia thonningii. In an effort to gain bond topological information which may have consequences for the observed bioactivities, the crystal structure of robustic acid was solved and refined using the independent atom as well as the invariom model, and the structures were compared. Robustic acid contains a fused tricyclic unit with a benzopyran moiety, with a phenylene ring substitution on the coumarin ring similar to the alpinumisoflavones isolated from this plant. At a minimum inhibitory concentration of ~1 mg/mL, alpinumisoflavone and robustic acid were found to be cytotoxic to Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) showing a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ~9 mm. On the other hand, at ~2 mg/mL, these compounds were found to be bacteriostatic to a hospital isolate of Salmonella typhi with about 7 mm ZOI. Taken together, these compounds offer potential new avenues for targeting both Gram positive and negative bacteria and could be useful as chemical probes for understanding these pathogens in an effort to overcome drug resistance.
Prediction of Alpha Decay Half-Lives of Z = 118–121 Superheavy Nuclei with A ≤ 300 by Using the Double-Folding Potential
Authors: Sayahi M. , Dehghani V. , Naderi D. , Alavi S.A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The alpha decay half-lives of Z = 118–121 superheavy nuclei with A ≤ 300 are calculated by using the density-dependent nuclear potential in the framework of the WKB method. The Paris and Ried M3Y nucleon-nucleon potentials are used in the calculation of the double-folding potential, which the Paris potential predicts to be the larger value of the half-lives. The obtained half-lives with Paris parameterisation are compared with those using three semi-empirical formulas, namely the improved Sahu formula, the universal decay law for alpha decay, and the formula for both alpha decay and cluster decay. The predicted half-lives with double-folding lie in between the improved Sahu and universal decay law formulas for both alpha and cluster decay. However, it is closer to the universal decay law formula and obeys its trend in all the studied superheavy nuclei.
Phosphanchalkogenide und ihre Metallkomplexe. V. Derivate von [2.2]Paracyclophanylphosphanena
Authors: Upmann Daniel , Koneczny Marvin , Rass Janik , Jones Peter G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The known compound diphenyl([2.2]paracyclophanyl)phosphane 1 reacted smoothly with elemental sulfur or selenium to give the phosphane chalcogenides 3 and 4. The corresponding chlorido- or bromido-gold(I) complexes were however not obtained by the usual reaction with (tht)AuCl or (tht)AuBr. For the latter, direct oxidation of the reaction mixture with elemental bromine led to small quantities of {(PCP)PPh2Br}+ [AuBr4]−
5 (PCP = [2.2]paracyclophanyl). Attempts to obtain the alkyl phosphane di-isopropyl([2.2]paracyclophanyl)phosphane 2 were at first unsuccessful because of contamination by the phosphonium derivatives [
i
Pr2(PCP)PH]+X− (X = Cl 6, X = Br 7), but the mixture was found to react with elemental sulfur or selenium to give the phosphane chalcogenides 8 and 9. The gold(I) complexes (PCP)
i
Pr2PEAuX [E = S, X = Cl (10), Br (11); E = Se, X = Cl (12), Br (13)] were obtained by the reactions of 8 and 9 with (tht)AuX. The chlorido complexes 10 and 12 were oxidized by PhICl2 to the gold(III) complexes (PCP)
i
Pr2PEAuCl3
14 (E = S) and 15 (E = Se). An excess of PhICl2 led to the fully oxidized compound {(PCP)
i
Pr2PSeCl}+[AuCl4]−
16. The bromido complexes 11 and 13 were oxidized by elemental bromine to (PCP)
i
Pr2PEAuBr3
17 (E = S) und 18 (E = Se), the latter however with a poor yield. Further oxidation was not achieved. The reactions of the chalcogenides 3, 4, 8 and 9 with elemental iodine led to the products 19, 20, 21 (1:1 adducts) and 22 (1:1 adduct with additional disordered diiodine), respectively.
Evaluation of Fiber–Matrix Bond in the Mechanical Behavior of Geopolymer Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers
Authors: Trindade Ana Carolina Constâncio , Borges Paulo Henrique Ribeiro , Silva Flávio de Andrade 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The development of new sustainable materials is fundamental for the evolution of the construction industry, allowing the use of green-friendly sources. Geopolymers have shown an excellent mechanical behavior when compared with traditional materials. They are obtained through the combination of aluminosilicate sources and an alkali solution, forming a stable inorganic polymer. This study presents an experimental investigation on different natural fiber reinforcements (jute, sisal, and curauá) in a 100 % metakaolin-based geopolymer mixture. The strength development of the plain material was studied through compressive strength tests. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize its microstructure. The composites’ cracking formations and mechanisms were studied through tensile and flexural strength tests. All composites presented a strain-hardening behavior with multiple crack formation, reaching a flexural strength up to 33 MPa (curauá geopolymer). The use of a styrene–butadiene rubber as a polymer coating was investigated. Additionally, direct tensile and pull-out tests were performed to evaluate the fibers’ stress transfer mechanisms. The use of the polymer coating resulted in an increase in the fiber–matrix bond, reaching 17.48 MPa in tensile stress, which is opposed to the previous result that achieved only 11.53 MPa. The geopolymer composites presented superior mechanical behavior when compared with portland cement-based materials, suggesting an intrinsic improved bond between their components.
beditor: A Computational Workflow for Designing Libraries of Guide RNAs for CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing
Authors: Dandage Rohan , Després Philippe C , Yachie Nozomu , Landry Christian R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The biological relevance of the present method pertains to CRISPR-mediated base editing technology that has opened new avenues for scar-free genome-wide mutagenesis and thus to a wide range of applications in genome editing...
CRISPR-mediated base editors have opened unique avenues for scar-free genome-wide mutagenesis. Here, we describe a comprehensive computational workflow called beditor that can be broadly adapted for designing guide RNA libraries with a range of CRISPR-mediated base editors, Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) recognition sequences, and genomes of many species. Additionally, to assist users in selecting the best sets of guide RNAs for their experiments, a priori estimates of editing efficiency, called beditor scores, are calculated. These beditor scores are intended to select guide RNAs that conform to requirements for optimal base editing: the editable base falls within maximum activity window of the CRISPR-mediated base editor and produces nonconfounding mutational effects with minimal predicted off-target effects. We demonstrate the utility of the software by designing guide RNAs for base editing to model or correct thousands of clinically important human disease mutations.
Composition and U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) Isotopic Age of Zircons from Composite Dikes of Western Sangilen (Tuva-Mongolian Orogen)
Authors: Tsygankov A.A. , Burmakina G.N. , Yakovlev V.A. , Khubanov V.B. , Vladimirov V.G. , Karmysheva I.V. , Buyantuev M.D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—Composite dikes (mingling dikes) of Western Sangilen (southeastern Tuva) are believed to indicate a shift from tectonic contraction, related to the mountain fold system formation, to postcollisional extension that ended with the disintegration of the collisional orogen. However, the position of composite dikes in the general sequence of magmatic events was based only on their geologic location and has not been confirmed by U/Pb isotope-geochronological data. The proposed study is concerned with the geologic structure, composition, and isotopic age (485–490 Ma) of West Sangilen composite dikes. The isotopic age of the host granites from the Matut pluton is 509 Ma; thermal events of Riphean (679–934 Ma) and early Paleozoic (484 Ma) age are reflected in zircons from gneiss-granites of the Erzin metamorphic complex. The obtained data are consistent with the earlier determined sequences of West Sangilen tectonometamorphic events. Basites from the examined composite dikes are strongly different in the contents of indicator elements (Rb, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) and the Nb/Y, Zr/Y, Th/Ta, Zr/Nb, and Nb/Th ratios, which is indicative of different (probably, different-depth) mantle sources. The protolith of the salic component of the composite dikes might have been rocks similar in composition to the autochthonous/parautochthonous gneiss-granites of the Erzin metamorphic complex.
Deep Geoelectric Structure of the Earth’s Crust and the Upper Mantle of the Pamir–Alai Zone
Authors: Rybin A.K. , Matyukov V.E. , Batalev V.Yu. , Bataleva E.A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—Results of profile magnetotelluric (MT) and magnetovariational (MV) soundings of the Pamir–Alai zone are presented. The problems of construction of a 2D geoelectric model of the lithosphere of the Pamir–Alai zone and its characteristics are considered. The results of the MT sounding inversion indicate the existence of a zone of lateral plastic flow in the Earth’s crust beneath the Alai depression, which manifested itself as a conductive lower-crust structure traced for at least 200 km in the E–W direction along the strike of the Alai depression. Analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the geoelectric structure and the seismicity distribution in the study region has revealed a spatial correlation between the location of the hypocenters of K &gt; 11 earthquakes that occurred in the Pamir–Alai territory and the geoelectric structure of the Earth’s crust in this region. New data on the tectonic stratification of the Earth’s crust have been obtained, which permits us to supplement and refine the existing geological and geophysical data on the deep structure of the Pamir–Tien Shan junction zone. Conclusions about the nature of anomalous crustal conductivity in the Alai basin have been drawn.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and Age – An Indian laboratory retrospective analysis
Authors: Iyer Sandhya , K Kallathikumar , Sinkar Prachi , Velumani Amruta 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is considered to be a sensitive biological indicator of the ovarian reserve among women. Produced by the granulosa cells in the ovary, AMH is also considered to be a good biochemical marker to time menopause, apart from being monitored during treatment of certain ovarian tumors. Our retrospective report is an attempt to study AMH levels across different age-groups between 18 – 50 years of age and present age-related changes in levels.
Methods: Serum AMH estimation was done in a total of 219,227 Asian Indian women using the chemiluminescent immunoassay technology.
Results: Our analysis of different age-groups with AMH levels detected a declining trend and a significant drop in levels was recorded between ages 19 – 20 years and 35 – 36 years of age at p<0.05.
Conclusion: Our report is an attempt to present age-effect on AMH levels in a pan-India cohort of Asian Indian women and analysis detected a negative correlation between age and AMH levels.