bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drosophila Visual System Inspired Ambipolar OFET for Motion Detection
Authors: Xie Tao , Leng Yan‐Bing , Sun Tao , Zhu Shirui , Cai Hecheng , Han Pengfei , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Qin Jingrun , Xu Runze , Yi Zezhuang , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrosophila can rapidly and precisely detect changes in light in their surroundings and achieve acute perception of motion information with high energy efficiency and adaptivity owing to the cooperation of “ON” channel and the “OFF” channel in its visual system. Optical controlled bidirectional synaptic behavior of neuromorphic device is important for modeling parallel processing channels of Drosophila's visual system. In this study, an ambipolar transistor utilizing a bilayer architecture composed of p‐type pentacene and n‐type C60 as semiconductors is developed, with near‐infrared (NIR) PbS quantum dots serving as the charge‐trapping layer. This design enables a gate‐tunable positive and negative photoresponse, driven by photogating and photovoltaic effects at visible and NIR wavelengths. When regulated by a negative gate voltage, the device exhibits a suppressed photocurrent relaxation time exceeding 1000 s, demonstrating stable long‐term inhibitory characteristics. Consequently, high‐contrast excitatory and inhibitory synapses facilitate orientation and motion detection. Identification accuracies of up to 94.8% for motion direction and 98.1% for dynamic gestures are achieved. Practical applications such as intelligent monitoring and human–computer interaction stand to benefit significantly from these findings.
Fluorinated Pyrimidine Bridged Buried Interface for Stable and Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Yong , Xie Zhewen , Chang Xiong , Wang Guohua , Hong Zhanghua , Zhou Mengni , Li Kunpeng , Li Zhishan , Wang Hua , Zhu Xing , Zhu Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe buried interface of wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for effective charge transfer and device stability. In this study, 2,4‐diamino‐6‐fluoropyrimidine (DMFP) is incorporated into the perovskite layer to form a molecular bridge at the buried interface between the perovskite and MeO‐4PACZ. DMFP treatment reduces the agglomeration of MeO‐4PACZ, resulting in denser and more uniform self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) by inducing favorable crystal orientation. In addition, the strong chemical interaction between DMFP and perovskite films significantly reduces defect state density and promotes the growth of high‐quality perovskite grains. Moreover, DMFP treatment effectively modulates the energy levels of perovskites, facilitating interfacial charge extraction. As a result, WBG PSCs treated with DMFP demonstrate a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.96%, with an enhanced short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 21.60 mA cm−2 and a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.23 V. The prepared WBG PSCs retain 95.5% of their initial efficiency after 1500 h of aging at a relative humidity of ≈30% in air, indicating excellent humidity stability. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the perovskite buried interface and proposes a collaborative approach for developing high‐performance WBG PSCs.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts: Transforming Tumor Accomplices into Immunotherapeutic Allies
Authors: Qi Feng , Fu Dong , Cai Hongzhou , Zheng Yuxiao , Wang Ning , Xu Zicheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in the metabolic symbiosis that drives tumor proliferation and immune evasion. Paradoxically, eliminating CAFs can disrupt tissue homeostasis and potentially accelerate tumor spread. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel strategy to reprogram CAFs, transforming them into “anchors” and “fuel stations” for anti‐tumor immune cells, thereby enhancing the immune response against tumors. Utilizing a fibroblast‐specific lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system, key metabolic genes in CAFs are targeted and downregulated, specifically hexokinase 2 (HK2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (MTCO1). The dual inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in CAFs consequently results in glucose overload and mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, these energy‐deprived CAFs exhibit high expression of MHC II molecules and inflammatory cytokines, promoting immune cell infiltration and providing essential fuel for subsequent activation and proliferation. Furthermore, this metabolic reprogramming results in reduced angiogenesis and an immune microenvironment characterized by M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced lymphocyte infiltration. Consequently, this approach improves the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Thus, the reprogramming of CAFs into immune cell allies offers a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current ICIs therapies.
Harnessing Defects in SnSe Film via Photo‐Induced Doping for Fully Light‐Controlled Artificial Synapse
Authors: Liu Zihui , Wang Yao , Zhang Yumin , Sun Shuyi , Zhang Tao , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Hu Lingxiang , Zhuge Fei , Lu Bin , Pan Xinhua , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D‐layered materials are recognized as up‐and‐coming candidates to overcome the intrinsic physical limitation of silicon‐based devices. Herein, the coexistence of positive persistent photoconductivity (PPPC) and negative persistent photoconductivity (NPPC) in SnSe thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition provides an excellent avenue for engineering novel devices. It is determined that surface oxygen is co‐regulated by physisorption and chemisorption, and the NPPC is attributed to the photo‐controllable oxygen desorption behavior. The dominant behavior of chemisorption induces high stability, while physisorption provides room for adjusting NPPC. A simple fully light‐modulated artificial synaptic device based on SnSe film is constructed to operate various synaptic plasticity and reversible modulation of conductance by applying 430 and 255 nm illuminations. A three‐layer artificial neural network structure with a high accuracy of 95.33% to recognize handwritten digital images is implemented based on the device. Furthermore, the pressure‐related cognition response of humans while climbing and the foraging and recognition behaviors of anemonefish are mimicked. This work demonstrates the potential of 2D‐layered materials for developing neuromorphic computing and simulating biological behaviors without additional treatment. Furthermore, the one‐step method for preparation is highly adaptable and expected to realize large‐area growth and integration of SnSe‐based devices.
Metaplasticity‐Enabled Graphene Quantum Dot Devices for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Fan Xuemeng , Chen Anzhe , Li Zongwen , Gong Zhihao , Wang Zijian , Zhang Guobin , Li Pengtao , Xu Yang , Wang Hua , Wang Changhong , Zhu Xiaolei , Zhao Rong , Yu Bin , Zhang Yishu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe limitations of deep neural networks in continuous learning stem from oversimplifying the complexities of biological neural circuits, often neglecting the dynamic balance between memory stability and learning plasticity. In this study, artificial synaptic devices enhanced with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that exhibit metaplasticity is introduced, a higher‐order form of synaptic plasticity that facilitates the dynamic regulation of memory and learning processes similar to those observed in biological systems. The GQDs‐assisted devices utilize interface‐mediated modifications in asymmetric conductive pathways, replicating classical synaptic plasticity mechanisms. This allows for repeatable and linearly programmable adjustments to future weight changes linked to historical weights. Incorporating metaplasticity is essential for achieving generalization within deep neural networks, which enables them to adapt more fluidly to new information while retaining previously acquired knowledge. The GQDs‐device‐based system achieved a 97% accuracy on the fourth MNIST dataset task, while consistently achieving performance levels above 94% on prior tasks. This performance substantiates the feasibility of directly transferring metaplasticity principles to deep neural networks, thereby addressing the challenges associated with catastrophic forgetting. These findings present a promising hardware solution for developing neuromorphic systems with robust and sustained learning capabilities that can effectively bridge the gap between artificial and biological neural networks.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Optoelectronic Graded Neurons for Dual‐Waveband Image Fusion and Motion Perception
Authors: Huang Ming , Liu Xiao , Yu Fenghao , Li Juan , Huang Jianhua , Ali Wajid , Yang Liuli , Song Boxiang , Li Ziwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMotion recognition based on vision detectors requires the synchronous encoding and processing of temporal and spatial information in wide wavebands. Here, the dual‐waveband sensitive optoelectronic synapses performing as graded neurons are reported for high‐accuracy motion recognition and perception. Wedge‐shaped nanostructures are designed and fabricated on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers, leading to plasmon‐enhanced wideband absorption across the visible to near‐infrared spectral range. Due to the charge trapping and release at shallow trapping centers within the device channel, the optoelectronic graded neurons demonstrate remarkable photo‐induced conductance plasticity at both 633 and 980 nm wavelengths. A dynamic vision system consisting of 20 × 20 optoelectronic neurons demonstrates remarkable capabilities in the precise detection and perception of various motions. Moreover, neural network computing systems have been built as visual motion perceptron to identify target object movement. The recognition accuracy of dual‐wavelength fused images for various motion trajectories has experienced a remarkable enhancement, transcending the previous level of less than 80% to impressive values exceeding 99%.
Retroreflective Multichrome Microdome Arrays Created by Single‐Step Reflow
Authors: Son Chaerim , Nam Seong Kyeong , Lee Jiwoo , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructural colors are known for their tunability, fade resistance, and eco‐friendliness. Recent advancements have shown that such colors can be efficiently produced using total internal reflection (TIR) on high‐refractive‐index convex microstructures without the need for periodic nanostructures. However, a reproducible, fast, and programmable production strategy for these microstructures is essential for commercial applications. Here, a single‐step method is reported for creating multicolor patterns by transforming photolithographically‐patterned micropillars into microdomes through thermal reflow. These micropillars, uniform in height but varying in diameter, are converted into microdomes that differ in diameter and height, which display a full spectrum of structural colors, creating a versatile color palette. This process enables the production of high‐resolution multicolor graphics using a rainbow color set, with high reproducibility. Additionally, by mixing distinct microdomes and adjusting their densities, a rich variety of color presentations can be achieved, enabling the recreation of arbitrary color images with microdome arrays. The variable heights of the microdomes also allow for dynamic discoloration or color changes through mechanical compression. The high reproducibility and scalability of this method hold significant commercial promise for various optical applications.
Size‐Dependent Multiexciton Dynamics Governs Scintillation From Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Fratelli Andrea , Zaffalon Matteo L. , Mazzola Emanuele , Dirin Dmitry N. , Cherniukh Ihor , Otero‐Martínez Clara , Salomoni Matteo , Carulli Francesco , Rossi Francesca , Meinardi Francesco , Gironi Luca , Manna Liberato , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Brovelli Sergio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe recent emergence of quantum‐confined nanomaterials in the field of radiation detection, in particular lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, offers scalability and performance advantages over conventional materials. This development raises fundamental questions about the mechanism of scintillation itself at the nanoscale and the role of particle size, arguably the most defining parameter of quantum dots. Understanding this is crucial for the design and optimization of future nanotechnology scintillators. In this work, these open questions are addressed by theoretically and experimentally studying the size‐dependent scintillation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, spectroscopic, and radiometric techniques. The results show that the simultaneous effects of size‐dependent energy deposition, (multi‐)exciton population, and light emission under ionizing excitation, typical of confined particles, combine to maximize the scintillation efficiency and time performance of larger nanocrystals due to greater stopping power and reduced Auger decay. The agreement between theory and experiment produces a fully validated descriptive model that predicts the scintillation yield and kinetics of nanocrystals without free parameters, providing fundamental guidance for the rational design of nanoscale scintillators.
Ultra‐Antifouling Liquid‐Like Surfaces for Sustainable Viscous Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions Separation and Oil Recovery
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Wang Huicai , Huang Qingshan , Li Ya , Huang Jianying , Cai Weilong , Lai Yuekun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe demand for efficient separation techniques in industries dealing with high viscosity emulsions has surged due to their widespread applications in various scenarios, including emulsion‐based drug delivery systems, the removal of emulsified impurities in formulations and oil spill remediation. However, membrane fouling is a major challenge for conventional separation methods, leading to decreased efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Herein, a novel approach is reported by constructing liquid‐like surfaces with double anti‐fouling structure, incorporating soft nanomicelles within a rigid, chemically cross‐linked network for both anti‐membrane‐fouling and effective viscous water‐in‐oil emulsion separation. The coating significantly outperforms perfluorinated and commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) membranes, effectively preventing the adhesion of viscous oils like crude oil and pump oil, and alleviating severe membrane fouling. For high‐viscosity emulsions (97.3 cP and 52.8 cP), it maintains over 99% separation efficiency after 3 h continuous use. Even after 15 h immersion in strong acids, alkalis, salts, or organic solvents, its separation efficiency remains above 95%. In addition, thanks to the anti‐membrane‐fouling ability, this work achieved 6 h continuous emulsion separation performance for the first time, demonstrating unparalleled long‐term stability. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the development of innovative coatings for efficient and eco‐friendly separation of high‐viscosity emulsions.
Wearable Resistive‐Type Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials and Applications
Authors: Zhao Sanqing , Liu Dapeng , Yan Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of wearable electronics over recent decades has led to the development of stretchable strain sensors, which are essential for accurately detecting and monitoring mechanical deformations. These sensors have widespread applications, including movement detection, structural health monitoring, and human–machine interfaces. Resistive‐type sensors have gained significant attention due to their simple design, ease of fabrication, and adaptability to different materials. Their performance, evaluated by metrics like stretchability and sensitivity, is influenced by the choice of strain‐sensitive materials. This review offers a comprehensive comparison and evaluation of different materials used in resistive strain sensors, including metal and semiconductor films, low‐dimensional materials, intrinsically conductive polymers, and gels. The review also highlights the latest applications of resistive strain sensors in motion detection, healthcare monitoring, and human–machine interfaces by examining device physics and material characteristics. This comparative analysis aims to support the selection, application, and development of resistive strain sensors tailored to specific applications.
Efficient Targeted Regulation of the Interfaces and Bulk in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells With a [closo‐B12H12]2−‐based Derivative
Authors: He Zhen , Xiong Jian , Zuo Yingqi , Zhao Haixu , Liu Fu , Hu Qiaofei , Yang Qiyu , Zhou Changrong , Li Lin , Dai Qilin , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Jian , Wang Jiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is adversely affected by the recombination loss, ion migration, and residual stress arising from issues within the bulk and at the cathode interface. Using simple post‐treatment with a novel solution‐processable derivative of the dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate anion ([closo‐B12H12]2−)—(TBA)2[B12H11(OCH2CH2)2OH] (TBA2B)—it is simultaneously address these issues. In inverted PSCs, the cationic and anionic components of TBA2B uniquely self‐separate by positioning themselves precisely to perform their specific modification functions. The majority of [B12H11(OCH2CH2)2OH]2‐ anions reside at the (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Ag interface, which enhances the electrical and physical contact. Additionally, a substantial fraction of tetrabutylammonium cations diffuse into the perovskite/PCBM heterojunction, enabling comprehensive control over the trap passivation, stress release, ion migration elimination, and grain boundary reinforcement through the in situ formation of 1D TBAPbI3 on the surface of the perovskite crystals. The TBA2B devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 25.59% and open‐circuit voltage of 1.199 V, performance that is among the highest achieved with a solution‐processed perovskite/PCBM heterojunction. Furthermore, TBA2B significantly enhances the device's stability. This study provides crucial insights into the design of efficient and solution processable [closo‐B12H12]2−‐based interface materials, and offers a comprehensive understanding of the underlying modification mechanisms.
Composition‐Graded Nitride Ferroelectrics Based Multi‐Level Non‐Volatile Memory for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang Rui , Ye Haotian , Xu Xifan , Wang Jinlin , Feng Ran , Wang Tao , Sheng Bowen , Liu Fang , Shen Bo , Wang Ping , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMulti‐level non‐volatile ferroelectric memories are emerging as promising candidates for data storage and neuromorphic computing applications, due to the enhancement of storage density and the reduction of energy and space consumption. Traditional multi‐level operations are achieved by utilizing intermediary polarization states, which exhibit an unpredictable ferroelectric domain switching nature, leading to unstable multi‐level memory. In this study, a unique approach of composition‐graded ferroelectric ScAlN to achieve tunable operating voltage in a wide range and attain precise control of domain switching and stable multi‐level memory is proposed. This non‐volatile memory supports multi‐level storage up to 7‐bit capacities, and exhibits enhanced performance compared to the uniform composition device, showing one order of magnitude higher ON/OFF ratio, 30% reduced working voltage, and up to 50% enhanced tuning window of operating voltage. Finally, the emulation of long‐term plasticity and linear weight update akin to biological synapse with high uniformity and reliability are demonstrated. The proposed composition‐grading architecture offers new opportunities for next‐generation multi‐level ferroelectric memories, paving the way for advanced hybrid integration in multifunctional computing systems.
Quaternized Molecular Brush‐Grafted Injectable Microgel with Anti‐Inflammatory and Drainage Properties for Efficient Therapy of Anal Fistula
Authors: Wang Runxian , Ma Pengwei , He Siqi , Wang Xiao , Zhang Jinquan , Ye Junwen , Su Mingli , Shi Xingxing , Dou Ruoxu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnal fistula is a common disease with recurrent inflammation and accumulated exudate. Traditional treatments often fail to effectively eliminate inflammation and ensure adequate drainage, leading to prolonged healing time and a high recurrence rate. Herein, a new class of quaternized molecular brush‐grafted injectable microgel (denoted as GAA@CNT‐g‐PVBTMA) is developed through thermal polymerization and mechanical fragmentation to promote the healing process of anal fistula. Benefiting from the fragmented morphology with a porous structure, the microgel can effectively fill the fistula and facilitate the drainage of exudate. Owing to the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged quaternized carbon nanotube molecular brush (CNT‐g‐PVBTMA) and the negatively charged inflammatory cytokines, GAA@CNT‐g‐PVBTMA microgel exhibits excellent anti‐inflammatory properties with scavenging rates of 92.6% for tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and 92.5% for interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Rat inflammatory anal fistula model demonstrates that the microgel can effectively reduce inflammation and epithelialization of the fistula, thereby promoting the healing of the anal fistula. By integrating effective filling, adequate drainage, and excellent anti‐inflammatory properties, GAA@CNT‐g‐PVBTMA microgel provides a promising new direction for the treatment of anal fistula.
In Situ Transformable Nanoparticle Effectively Suppresses Bladder Cancer by Damaging Mitochondria and Blocking Mitochondrial Autophagy Flux
Authors: Lv Yulin , Song Benli , Yang Guang , Wang Yuting , Wu Zeyu , Si Minggui , Yang Zongzheng , Chen Huilin , Liu Chen , Li Min , Zhang Yinshi , Qiao Zengying , Wang Lu , Xu Wanhai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTumor therapeutic strategies based on mitochondrial damage have become an emerging trend. However, the low drug delivery efficiency caused by lysosomal sequestration and the activation of protective mitochondrial autophagy severely restricts the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, an in situ transformable nanoparticle named KCKT is developed to promote lysosomal escape and directly damage mitochondria while blocking mitochondrial autophagy. KCKT exhibits acid responsiveness for precise self‐assembly into nanofibers within the lysosomes of cancer cells. The massive accumulation of nanofibers and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under sonodynamic therapy synergistically induce lysosomal damage. This facilitates the escape of nanofibers from lysosomal sequestration, thereby enhancing drug delivery. Subsequently, the escaped nanofibers specifically aggregate around the mitochondria for long‐term retention and generate ROS under ultrasound irradiation to induce mitochondrial damage. Notably, due to lysosomal dysfunction, damaged mitochondria cannot be cleared by autophagy, further aggravating oxidative damage. These results reveal that KCKT effectively improves drug delivery and mitochondria‐targeted therapy efficiency by blocking protective autophagy. These findings hold significant potential for advancing the field of mitochondria‐targeted therapy.