bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessory pathway‐related left ventricular wall motion abnormality and the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Uhm Jae‐Sun , Nam Jong‐Ho , Yu Hee Tae , Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Cho In‐Jeong , Shim Chi Young , Joung Boyoung , Hong Geu‐Ru , Pak Hui‐Nam , Lee Moon‐Hyoung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of the current study was to elucidate the effects of the accessory pathways (APs) on the left ventricular (LV) wall motion and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on AP‐related regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome.Methods and ResultsWe included 348 consecutive patients (age, 37.6 ± 17.3 years; men, 58.3%) with WPW syndrome who underwent RFCA for AP. We analyzed electrocardiographic data, the AP location, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and RWMA patterns and their changes after RFCA. The locations of APs were right, septal, and left in 78, 94, and 176 patients, respectively. RWMA at the AP location (44.9%, 51.1%, and 17.6%, respectively; P < 0.001), decreased LVEF (10.3%, 6.4%, and 1.1%, respectively;
P = 0.004), and dyskinesia (16.7%, 16.0%, and 1.1%, respectively;
P < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in patients with a right or septal AP than in those with a left AP. In 31 of 50 patients with RWMA who underwent post‐RFCA echocardiography (62.0%), RWMA was completely improved after RFCA. Right AP (odds ratio [OR], 22.084; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.628‐134.420;
P = 0.001) and dyskinesia (OR, 6.275; 95% CI, 1.186‐33.213;
P = 0.031) were significantly associated with the absence of RWMA improvement after RFCA.ConclusionsAP‐related RWMA is frequent in patients with right or septal APs. A substantial number of patients with right AP or dyskinesia may show no improvement in RWMA after RFCA.
Mediating pathways from childhood ADHD to adolescent tobacco and marijuana problems: roles of peer impairment, internalizing, adolescent ADHD symptoms, and gender
Authors: Elkins Irene J. , Saunders Gretchen R.B. , Malone Stephen M. , Wilson Sylia , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWe examined whether increased risk for adolescent tobacco and marijuana problems associated with childhood ADHD is explained by key intermediary influences during adolescence and differs by gender.MethodsLongitudinal structural equation models examined mediating effects on problems with both substances (or each substance separately) through age‐14 peer impairment, internalizing, and adolescent ADHD symptoms in two twin samples, prospectively assessed since age 11 (N = 2,164). Whether these mediators contributed beyond mediating effects of early‐adolescent substance use was also considered. Twin difference analyses further illuminated which mediators might be potentially causal.ResultsDirect effects of childhood ADHD on age‐17 tobacco and marijuana problems (i.e., independent of included mediators) as well as effects of adolescent ADHD symptoms were significant only for females. By contrast, mediation by peer impairment, evident particularly for marijuana, was relatively stronger for males than females. Depression and anxiety were not prospectively associated with age‐17 substance problems when earlier substance problems were considered. Consistent with causal influence of early substance use on later problems, monozygotic twins with more severe tobacco or marijuana problems at age 14 than their co‐twins were also more likely to have substance problems later in adolescence.ConclusionsMediation through peer impairment, continued presence of ADHD symptoms, and early substance use may alter development so that childhood ADHD indirectly contributes to problems with tobacco and marijuana. Targeting gender‐sensitive interventions prior to mid‐adolescence, before these patterns become established, is essential.
Hindered and constrained: limited potential for thermal adaptation in post‐metamorphic and adult Rana temporaria along elevational gradients
Authors: Enriquez‐Urzelai Urtzi , Palacio Antonio S. , Merino Natalia M. , Sacco Martina , Nicieza Alfredo G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdaptation to warming climates could counteract the effects of global warming. Thus, understanding how species cope with contrasting climates may inform us about their potential for thermal adaptation and which processes may hamper that ability (e.g. evolutionary trade‐offs, phenology or behavioural thermoregulation). In addition to temperature, time constraints may also exert important selective pressures. Here, we compare the thermal sensitivity of locomotion of metamorphic and adult European common frogs (Rana temporaria) originating from populations along an elevational gradient. We employed the template mode of variation (TMV) analysis to decompose the thermal sensitivity of locomotion and explore the existence of trade‐offs (‘hotter is better’ and ‘specialist–generalist’) and the degree of local adaptation. To that end, we studied the relationship between TMV parameters and local environmental conditions. Further, we compared preferred temperatures to assess whether behavioural thermoregulation could dampen the effects of thermal variation, reducing the intensity of selection and limiting thermal adaptation (i.e. ‘Bogert effect’). We suggest that behavioural thermoregulation has promoted the conservatism of thermal sensitivity in R. temporaria. Yet, we observed a trend towards narrower thermal niches shifted towards warmer temperature in populations with severe temporal constraints, conforming to the ‘generalist‐specialist’ trade‐off. Apparently, this enables time‐constrained populations – especially in the case of metamorphs – to effectively exploit resources during the warmest periods. The limited potential of R. temporaria for thermal adaptation suggests that forecasts of global warming should incorporate thermoregulation and explore its potential to buffer species from rising temperatures.
Competitive strategy for open and user innovation
Authors: Llanes Gastón 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI study the incentives to open technologies in imperfectly competitive markets with user innovation. Firms may choose to open part of their knowledge or private information so that it becomes freely accessible to users. Openness decisions are governed by a trade‐off between collaboration and appropriability: by becoming more open, a firm encourages user innovation but hampers its ability to capture value. I find that large firms are less open and invest more in product development than small firms, and that firms react to greater openness from rivals by becoming more open. I also show that compatibility and spillovers have a negative effect on openness, and that firms become more open as the number of competitors increases.
Trichosporon jirovecii infection of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Abdallah Ebtsam Sayed Hassan , Mahmoud Mahmoud Mostafa , Abdel‐Rahim Ismail Ramadan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne hundred and twenty‐nine isolates of Trichosporon jirovecii were isolated from the melanized exoskeleton as well as eyestalks, gills, muscle and haemolymph of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) collected from the River Nile, during summer 2015. Isolates were similar morphologically, biochemically and genetically. Also, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis exhibited no polymorphism among the tested isolates. Virulence factors such as chitinase, protease, lipase activities and biofilm formation were examined. Challenge test, using a representative isolate (Tj_ASU8), proved its pathogenicity against crayfish. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had a good antifungal activity with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 8 mg/ml. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for isolation of T. jirovecii from red swamp crayfish, showing melanization, from the River Nile. We assume that infected crayfish may act as a vector for this fungus and can disseminate infection to all susceptible hosts in the vicinity.
Molecular detection and genotype identification of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and industrial eggs
Authors: Khademi Seyedeh Zahra , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Davoodian Parivash , Abdoli Amir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBirds are important intermediated hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. Consumption of chicken meat and its infected products is one of the main sources of human infection with T. gondii. However, little information is available about T. gondii infection in egg. In this study, the contamination of industrial and local eggs with Toxoplasma was investigated by PCR method targeting the RE gene in two tropical cities of Iran. Genotypes of T. gondii were determined by PCR‐RFLP method targeting the SAG3 gene. T. gondii DNA was detected in 11% (22/200) of the eggs. Genotyping of 14 T. gondii isolates revealed that all of the isolates were belonged to genotype III of T. gondii. Sequencing of the isolates by the SAG3 gene showed 95%–100% similarity with the T. gondii isolates in GenBank.Practical applicationsThe findings of this study suggested that consumption of raw or undercooked eggs might play a role in human infection with Toxoplasma. Hence, consumption of adequately cooked eggs should be considered for prevention of human toxoplasmosis.
The circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature
Authors: Joo Youngsung , Goldberg Jay K. , Chrétien Lucille T. S. , Kim Sang‐Gyu , Baldwin Ian T. , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant metabolism. Many herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) fluctuate, diurnally, but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri‐trophic interactions, and this is mediated by the circadian clock, under both field and glasshouse conditions. Although most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm, the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time‐dependent manner. HIPVs mediate tri‐trophic interactions, and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.
Dementia‐specific drug treatment in home care settings: A German multicentre study
Authors: Schütz Leonhard H. , Boronat‐Garrido Xavier , Moser Fabian A. , Suhr Ralf , Lahmann Nils 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify and analyse factors influencing the use of drugs for dementia treatment in home care settings.BackgroundWhile the number of care‐dependent people with dementia is growing, it is not clear whether their medication follows the state of the art, especially in home care settings where over two‐thirds of them are cared for in Germany. Although dementia is not curable, it is possible to reduce cognitive, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia with the appropriate use of medication. However, there is a lack of information concerning the drug treatment in home care settings.MethodsThe study was conducted as a multicentre cross‐sectional survey, including 923 participants from 102 home care institutions throughout Germany. Medical diagnosis, medication, consultations with a specialist within the previous 12 weeks of the initial assessment and additional general information were assessed following a standardised study protocol. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The manuscript was developed utilising the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsIn home care, one in seven clients (14.8%) is diagnosed with some form of dementia. 52.6% (n = 72) of them were treated with dementia medication: AchEIs 16.1% (n = 22), memantine 9.5% (n = 13), antidepressants 23.4% (n = 32), antipsychotic medication 9.5% (n = 13), tranquilisers 16.8% (n = 23) and anticonvulsant drugs 6.6% (n = 9). Drug treatment for dementia was significantly associated with the consultation of a neurologist/psychiatrist in the previous 12 weeks.ConclusionsIt has been demonstrated that the use of drugs as a component of home care treatment for dementia depends on many factors and therefore varies.Relevance to clinical practiceIt can be assumed that people living with dementia in home care settings are not sufficiently supplied with medication. Their medical care can be improved by establishing interdisciplinary care involving a neurologist/psychiatrist.
Harm‐reduction approaches for self‐cutting in inpatient mental health settings: Development and preliminary validation of the Attitudes to Self‐cutting Management (ASc‐Me) Scale
Authors: Hosie Leah , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: September 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Nurses in mental health inpatient settings use a range of methods to try and help service users who self‐harm

Harm‐reduction approaches are intended to help service users reduce the impact of their self‐harm rather than simply to prevent them self‐harming

Harm‐reduction techniques might be helpful for people who cut themselves because there are some clear ways harm can be minimized such as providing advice about cutting

No one has previously tried to measure whether harm‐reduction techniques are more or less acceptable to mental health practitioners and service users than traditional methods.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The paper describes the development of the Attitudes to Self‐cutting Management scale. It met the criteria required of a good measurement tool.

Each method of managing self‐cutting has a unique acceptability profile

Harm‐reduction methods like advising on wound care and providing a first aid kit are endorsed by nurses and former service users

Nurses providing sterile razors or remaining present during self‐cutting attract more divergent opinions but are preferred to seclusion and restraint.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses should talk through the approaches to management with service users and agree which techniques are preferred.

AbstractIntroductionHarm‐reduction approaches for self‐harm in mental health settings have been under‐researched.AimTo develop a measure of the acceptability of management approaches for self‐cutting in mental health inpatient settings.MethodsStage one: scale items were generated from relevant literature and staff/service user consultation. Stage two: A cross‐sectional survey and statistical methods from classical test theory informed scale development.Results/FindingsAt stage one, N = 27 staff and service users participated. At stage two, N = 215 people (n = 175 current mental health practitioners and n = 40 people with experience of self‐cutting as a UK mental health inpatient) completed surveys. Principal components analysis revealed a simple factor structure such that each method had a unique acceptability profile. Reliability, construct validity and internal consistency were acceptable. The harm‐reduction approaches “advising on wound care” and “providing a first aid kit” were broadly endorsed; “providing sterile razors” and “maintaining a supportive nursing presence during cutting” were less acceptable but more so than seclusion and restraint.DiscussionThe Attitudes to Self‐cutting Management scale is a reliable and valid measure that could inform service design and development.Implications for practiceNurses should discuss different options for management of self‐cutting with service users. Harm‐reduction approaches may be more acceptable than coercive measures.
The importance of taxonomy in species distribution models at a global scale: the case of an overlooked alien squirrel facing taxonomic revision
Authors: Mori E. , Menchetti M. , Zozzoli R. , Milanesi P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Siberian chipmunk is native to north‐eastern Asia, but alien populations of this squirrel, introduced through the pet trade, occur in many European countries. This rodent has been listed as an invasive species of European concern, being a potential vector of ticks spreading Lyme disease. We aimed to assess its current distribution range and to identify areas of potential invasion. Two sets of species distribution models were conducted, one considering the locations of the species (n = 625 occurrences) and the other with only the occurrences of the Korean subspecies (the invasive one in Europe; n = 255 occurrences), which might be a separate species from the Siberian one. We included 19 uncorrelated predictors (two topographic, nine land cover, five bioclimatic and three anthropogenic variables), which may represent the habitat characteristics of the target species. Most of the northern hemisphere supports the establishment of the Siberian chipmunk, particularly for the invasive Korean subspecies (especially in Europe, where it is already established), mostly in urban areas. Anthropogenic food supply was found to be an important factor promoting the growth of alien populations of chipmunks, whereas the presence of the native red squirrel at the time of introduction may limit it.
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates from onychomycosis (uncommon and emerging species)
Authors: Haghani Iman , Shams‐Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Dalimi Asl Abdolhossein , Shokohi Tahereh , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryOnychomycosis is a common nail problem, accounting for up to 50% of all nail diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the species distribution based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism and susceptibility patterns of the causative agents of onychomycosis. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on nail samples collected from 257 patients suspected of onychomycosis during 14 months. Fungal isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR‐RFLP) with the enzymes Msp I, Mva I, Alw I and sequencing. According to the results, out of the 257 patients participating in the study, onychomycosis was diagnosed in 180 (70.03%) cases, among which 51.1% were caused by non‐dermatophyte moulds (NDMs), 35% by yeast and 10.6% by dermatophytes. Numerous cryptic species recovered from onychomycosis for the first time. In the majority of cases, novel triazoles and imidazoles (ie, efinaconazole, luliconazole and lanoconazole) showed potent activity in comparison with other antifungal agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luliconazole and lanoconazole ranged within 0.001 to >1 μg/mL and their geometric mean MICs were 0.0154 and 0.0309 μg/mL against all isolates, respectively. It seems that obtained data will be useful to improve the knowledge of researchers, clinicians and dermatologists about onychomycosis distribution, species diversity and adoption of appropriate treatment.
Context‐dependency of resource allocation trade‐offs highlights constraints to the evolution of floral longevity in a monocarpic herb
Authors: Spigler Rachel B. , Woodard Alyssa J. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Floral longevity is a critical component of floral display, yet there is a conspicuous paucity of empirical research on its evolution within species. Evolutionary models of floral longevity are grounded in resource allocation theory and propose that selection acts on heritable variation to optimize longevity in light of competing floral construction and maintenance costs. Key assumptions remain untested within wild species.

We measured maximum floral longevity alongside protandry, flower size, flower number and flowering rate across families of the monocarpic herb Sabatia angularis grown under high and low resources. We evaluated genetic variation, plasticity and correlations between display traits, including fundamental resource–allocation trade‐offs and their interactions with resource availability.

All display traits showed significant genetic variation. Resource availability influenced mean floral longevity and flower number, with genetic variation in these responses. Importantly, both floral longevity–flower number and flower number–size trade‐offs were significant and stronger under low resources.

This study reinforces the application of resource allocation theory to floral display trait evolution. Our work highlights the context‐dependency of trade‐offs and the potential importance of plasticity in resource allocation, with plants investing in the construction of new flowers at faster rates when resources are high rather than in the maintenance of longer‐lived flowers.
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) LysM receptor kinases VvLYK1‐1 and VvLYK1‐2 mediate chitooligosaccharide‐triggered immunity
Authors: Brulé Daphnée , Villano Clizia , Davies Laura J. , Trdá Lucie , Claverie Justine , Héloir Marie‐Claire , Chiltz Annick , Adrian Marielle , Darblade Benoît , Tornero Pablo , Stransfeld Lena , Boutrot Freddy , Zipfel Cyril , Dry Ian B. , Poinssot Benoit 
Published: September 2018

SummaryChitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, is a well‐known pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers defense responses in several mammal and plant species. Here, we show that two chitooligosaccharides, chitin and chitosan, act as PAMPs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) as they elicit immune signalling events, defense gene expression and resistance against fungal diseases. To identify their cognate receptors, the grapevine family of LysM receptor kinases (LysM‐RKs) was annotated and their gene expression profiles were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished three V. vinifera LysM‐RKs (VvLYKs) located in the same clade as the Arabidopsis CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtCERK1), which mediates chitin‐induced immune responses. The Arabidopsis mutant Atcerk1, impaired in chitin perception, was transformed with these three putative orthologous genes encoding VvLYK1‐1, ‐2, or ‐3 to determine if they would complement the loss of AtCERK1 function. Our results provide evidence that VvLYK1‐1 and VvLYK1‐2, but not VvLYK1‐3, functionally complement the Atcerk1 mutant by restoring chitooligosaccharide‐induced MAPK activation and immune gene expression. Moreover, expression of VvLYK1‐1 in Atcerk1 restored penetration resistance to the non‐adapted grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). On the whole, our results indicate that the grapevine VvLYK1‐1 and VvLYK1‐2 participate in chitin‐ and chitosan‐triggered immunity and that VvLYK1‐1 plays an important role in basal resistance against E. necator.
DNA methylome analysis provides evidence that the expansion of the tea genome is linked to TE bursts
Authors: Wang Lei , Shi Yan , Chang Xiaojun , Jing Shengli , Zhang Qunjie , You Chenjiang , Yuan Hongyu , Wang Haifeng 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDNA methylation is essential for gene regulation, imprinting and silencing of transposable elements (TEs). Although bursts of transposable elements are common in many plant lineages, how plant DNA methylation is related to transposon bursts remains unclear. Here we explore the landscape of DNA methylation of tea, a species thought to have experienced a recent transposon burst event. This species possesses more transposable elements than any other sequenced asterids (potato, tomato, coffee, pepper and tobacco). The overall average DNA methylation levels were found to differ among the tea, potato and tomato genomes, and methylation at CHG sequence sites was found to be significantly higher in tea than that in potato or tomato. Moreover, the abundant TEs resulting from burst events not only resulted in tea developing a very large genome size, but also affected many genes involved in importantly biological processes, including caffeine, theanine and flavonoid metabolic pathway genes. In addition, recently transposed TEs were more heavily methylated than ancient ones, implying that DNA methylation is proportionate to the degree of TE silencing, especially on recent active ones. Taken together, our results show that DNA methylation regulates transposon silencing and may play a role in genome size expansion.