bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an organ‐specific insert phantom generated using a 3D printer for investigations of cardiac computed tomography protocols
Authors: Abdullah Kamarul A. , McEntee Mark F. , Reed Warren , Kench Peter L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionAn ideal organ‐specific insert phantom should be able to simulate the anatomical features with appropriate appearances in the resultant computed tomography (CT) images. This study investigated a 3D printing technology to develop a novel and cost‐effective cardiac insert phantom derived from volumetric CT image datasets of anthropomorphic chest phantom.MethodsCardiac insert volumes were segmented from CT image datasets, derived from an anthropomorphic chest phantom of Lungman N‐01 (Kyoto Kagaku, Japan). These segmented datasets were converted to a virtual 3D‐isosurface of heart‐shaped shell, while two other removable inserts were included using computer‐aided design (CAD) software program. This newly designed cardiac insert phantom was later printed by using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) process via a Creatbot DM Plus 3D printer. Then, several selected filling materials, such as contrast media, oil, water and jelly, were loaded into designated spaces in the 3D‐printed phantom. The 3D‐printed cardiac insert phantom was positioned within the anthropomorphic chest phantom and 30 repeated CT acquisitions performed using a multi‐detector scanner at 120‐kVp tube potential. Attenuation (Hounsfield Unit, HU) values were measured and compared to the image datasets of real‐patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.ResultsThe output of the 3D‐printed cardiac insert phantom was a solid acrylic plastic material, which was strong, light in weight and cost‐effective. HU values of the filling materials were comparable to the image datasets of real‐patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.ConclusionsA novel and cost‐effective cardiac insert phantom for anthropomorphic chest phantom was developed using volumetric CT image datasets with a 3D printer. Hence, this suggested the printing methodology could be applied to generate other phantoms for CT imaging studies.
Right versus left: How does political ideology affect the workplace?
Authors: Johnson Andrew F. , Roberto Katherine J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryUnderscored by perceived moral truths and at times punctuated by hypocrisy, political ideology is a deeply held conviction for many individuals, affecting their behavior. In an organizational setting, conflicting political ideologies may lead to a number of undesirable outcomes. This Incubator calls for further study into this important individual trait.
Evaluation of the chemical and nutritional characteristics of almonds (Prunus dulcis (Mill). D.A. Webb) as influenced by harvest time and cultivar
Authors: Summo Carmine , Palasciano Marino , De Angelis Davide , Paradiso Vito M , Caponio Francesco , Pasqualone Antonella 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral workers have studied the effect of harvest time on chemical and nutritional composition of almonds, but the results are partly conflicting, probably due to differences in the cultivars considered and to different agronomic and climatic conditions in the growing areas. In this paper, the influence of harvest time and cultivar on the chemical and nutritional composition of almonds (Prunus dulcis (Mill). D.A. Webb) were evaluated. Ten cultivars were considered, grown in the same orchard and subjected to the same agronomical regime. Almonds were collected at two different harvest times: (i) when the fruits were unripe, but already edible, and showed green and moist hull; and (ii) when the fruits were ripe, with dry brown hull. The analyses of proximate composition, fatty acid profile, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were carried out.RESULTSLipid content increased (P < 0.001) during ripening, while both protein and carbohydrate content decreased (P < 0.01). Fatty acid composition showed a not univocal behavior during ripening and was highly influenced by cultivar. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity varied among cultivars but increased during ripening with the exception of cv Marcona. The ‘Genco’ and ‘Francolì’ cultivars were found to be phenolic rich.CONCLUSIONHarvest time and cultivar significantly influenced the chemical and nutritional composition of almonds. Genotype strongly influenced fatty acid composition and total phenolic compounds. The changes of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity suggest that the synthesis of antioxidants also occurs in the last stage of ripening. Unripe almonds, a valuable niche product, showed interesting nutritional value. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
World's first large size 77‐inch transparent flexible OLED display
Authors: Park Chan Il , Seong Miryn , Kim Mi Ae , Kim Dojin , Jung Hyunju , Cho Mingu , Lee Sang Hoon , Lee Hyokang , Min Sungjoon , Kim Jaehyeong , Kim Minseok , Park Jong‐Hyun , Kwon Seyeoul , Kim Binn , Kim Se June , Park Weonseo , Yang Joon‐Young , Yoon Sooyoung , Kang Inbyeong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLarge flexible organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display provides various electronic applications such as curved, bendable, rollable, and commercial display, because of its thinness, light weight, and design freedom. In this work, the process flow and key technologies to fabricate the world's first large size 77‐inch transparent flexible OLED display are introduced. “White OLED on TFT + color filter” method is used to fabricate the aforementioned display. On both thin‐film transistor and color filter substrates, transparent polyimide (PI) was used as plastic substrate with multi‐barrier. In case of a transparent flexible display, the multi‐barrier is required for the additional consideration to overcome the decrease of transmittance due to the difference in refractive index of the conventional multi‐barrier. We developed the special multi‐barrier to increase transparency with superior water vapor transition rate characteristic. The optimized amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors were employed on the multi‐barrier, and it shows the highly uniform electrical performance and reliability on plastic substrate. Also, the typical panel failure mechanism during laser lift‐off process caused by a particle in PI is studied, and a sacrificial layer was suggested between PI and a carrier glass to reduce the panel failure. Finally, we successfully realized the world's first 77‐inch transparent flexible OLED display with ultra‐high‐definition resolution, which can be rolled up to a radius of 80 mm with a transmittance of 40%.
Ultrasonography in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davis Joshua J. , Wessner Corinne E. , Potts Jacqueline , Au Arthur K. , Pohl Charles A. , Fields J. Matthew 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the evidence of educational outcomes associated with teaching ultrasonography (US) to medical students.MethodsA review of databases through 2016 was conducted for research studies that reported data on teaching US to medical students. Each title and abstract were reviewed by teams of 2 independent abstractors to determine whether the article would be ordered for full‐text review and subsequently by 2 independent authors for inclusion. Data were abstracted with a form developed a priori by the authors.ResultsNinety‐five relevant unique articles were included (of 6936 identified in the databases). Survey data showed that students enjoyed the US courses and desired more US training. Of the studies that assessed US‐related knowledge and skill, most of the results were either positive (16 of 25 for knowledge and 24 of 58 for skill) or lacked a control (8 of 25 for knowledge and 27 of 58 for skill). The limited evidence (14 of 95 studies) of the effect of US training on non‐US knowledge and skill (eg, anatomy knowledge or physical examination skill) was mixed.ConclusionsThere is ample evidence that students can learn US knowledge and skills and that they enjoy and want US training in medical school. The evidence for the effect of US on external outcomes is limited, and there is insufficient evidence to recommend it for this purpose at this time.
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis in Hospitalized Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Prognostic Importance of Gallbladder Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Thampy Rajesh , Khan Ahmad , Zaki Islam H. , Wei Wei , Korivi Brinda Rao , Staerkel Greg , Bathala Tharakeswara K. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesPatients with hematologic malignancies, especially those with acute disease or those receiving intense chemotherapy, are known to develop acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the established ultrasound (US) diagnostic criteria for AAC in patients with acute hematologic malignancies who were clinically suspected to have AAC.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the US findings of the gallbladder in patients with hematologic malignancies and correlated these findings with the duration of clinical symptoms, complications, and gallbladder‐specific mortality. The major criteria were a 3.5‐mm or thicker wall, pericholecystic fluid, intramural gas, and a sloughed mucosal membrane. The minor criteria were echogenic bile and hydrops (gallbladder distension > 4 cm). Ultrasound findings were considered positive if they included 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria.ResultsNinety‐four (25.5%) of 368 patients with hematologic malignancies had clinical signs of AAC during their acute phase of illness or during intense chemotherapy. Forty‐three (45.7%) of these 94 patients had AAC‐positive test results based on US criteria. The mean duration of symptoms was significantly longer (7.8 days) in this group than among the patients with negative test results (3.9 days; P < .001). Patients with positive test results had a higher rate of complications or mortality (20.9%) than those with negative test results (0%; P < .001).ConclusionsSymptomatic patients who meet the US criteria for the diagnosis of AAC have a poor prognosis. Other patients require a close follow‐up US examination within 1 week to detect early progression.
Recent Advances in Amphiphilic Polymers as the Stabilizers of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit high catalytic activity as catalysts and have potential applications in biomedicine. To prevent the aggregation of colloidal AuNPs, the stabilizers including organic small molecules, organic ligands, inorganic ligands, and polymers, are necessary to be added in the synthesis of colloidal AuNPs. Among these stabilizers, amphiphilic polymers have attracted significant attention from scientists in the development of polymerization and modification methods. To date, numerous efforts are employed to develop amphiphilic polymers as the stabilizers of colloidal AuNPs but are not well‐summarized yet. In this review, four parts (amphiphilic linear polymers, amphiphilic graft polymers, amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers, and amphiphilic dendrimers) according to the polymer architectures will be discussed. Comprehensive understanding of amphiphilic polymers that are used for stabilizing colloidal AuNPs is provided.
Fine‐scale analysis of a severe hailstorm using crowd‐sourced and conventional observations
Authors: Clark Matthew R. , Webb Jonathan D. C. , Kirk Peter J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTOn 1 July 2015, severe hailstorms developed over northern England. One storm tracked across an area with a dense network of privately owned (i.e. ‘home’) automatic weather stations (AWSs), permitting analysis of surface wind, pressure and temperature fields on the storm scale. The home AWS data were filtered and corrected by comparison with data from the nearest United Kingdom Met Office AWS, where measurements are made with calibrated sensors having known error characteristics. A time‐compositing technique was applied to the corrected home AWS data, before interpolation onto a 1 km grid using Delaunay triangulation. The resulting analyses were compared with radar data to assess their quality and provide insights into storm evolution and structure. Surface analyses resolved a pressure anomaly couplet on the right, rear flank of the storm, gust fronts, and regions of inflow and outflow. The pressure couplet was closely collocated with the radar‐observed mid‐level updraught position, with the mesolow (mesohigh) situated underneath the downshear (upshear) flank. The mesolow was also collocated with the strongest inflow winds. Structural features in the surface analyses (e.g. forward‐ and rear‐flank gust fronts and a prominent inflow notch) compared well with radar‐observed structures, and conformed closely to established conceptual models of supercell storm morphology. Further insight into storm structure was gained by synthesis of the surface analyses, Doppler radar data, crowd‐sourced hail reports and eyewitness photographs. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the gridded home AWS data may be of sufficient quality for use in post‐event studies of severe thunderstorms and, potentially, in the operational forecasting environment.
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, a Dual Activator of Transcription Factors NRF2 and HSF1
Authors: Dayalan Naidu Sharadha , Suzuki Takafumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Fahey Jed W. , Dinkova‐Kostova Albena T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCruciferous vegetables are rich sources of glucosinolates which are the biogenic precursor molecules of isothiocyanates (ITCs). The relationship between the consumption of cruciferous vegetables and chemoprotection has been widely documented in epidemiological studies. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) occurs as its glucosinolate precursor gluconasturtiin in the cruciferous vegetable watercress (Nasturtium officinale). PEITC has multiple biological effects, including activation of cytoprotective pathways, such as those mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and can cause changes in the epigenome. However, at high concentrations, PEITC leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in cytotoxicity. Underlying these activities is the sulfhydryl reactivity of PEITC with cysteine residues in its protein targets. This chemical reactivity highlights the critical importance of the dose of PEITC for achieving on‐target selectivity, which should be carefully considered in the design of future clinical trials.
Level set topology optimization for design‐dependent pressure load problems
Authors: Emmendoerfer Hélio , Fancello Eduardo Alberto , Silva Emílio Carlos Nelli 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis work presents a level set framework to solve the compliance topology optimization problem considering design‐dependent pressure loads. One of the major technical difficulties related to this class of problem is the adequate association between the moving boundary and the pressure acting on it. This difficulty is easily overcome by the level set method that allows for a clear tracking of the boundary along the optimization process. In the present approach, a reaction‐diffusion equation substitutes the classical Hamilton‐Jacobi equation to control the level set evolution. This choice has the advantages of allowing the nucleation of holes inside the domain and the elimination of the undesirable reinitialization steps. Moreover, the proposed algorithm allows merging pressurized (wet) boundaries with traction‐free boundaries during level set movements. This last property, allied to the simplicity of the level set representation and successful combination with the reaction‐diffusion based evolution applied to a design‐dependent pressure load problem, represents the main contribution of this paper. Numerical examples provide successful results, many of which comparable with others found in the literature and solved with different techniques.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogues of Glycosyl 1‐Phosphate Repeating Structures from Leishmania using the Phosphoramidite Method
Authors: Hara Rintaro Iwata , Yaoita Aya , Takeda Katsuya , Ueki Hiroaki , Ishii Ayumu , Imoto Hideyuki , Kobayashi Satoshi , Sano Michi , Noro Mihoko , Sato Kazuki , Wada Takeshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBacterial and protozoan sugar chains contain glycosyl 1‐phosphate repeating structures; these repeating structures have been studied for vaccine development. The fluorinated analogues of [β‐Gal‐(1→4)‐α‐Man‐(1→6)‐P‐]n, which are glycosyl 1‐phosphate repeating structures found in Leishmania, were synthesised using the solid‐phase phosphoramidite method. This method has been less extensively studied for the synthesis of glycosyl 1‐phosphate units than H‐phosphonate chemistry. A stepwise synthesis of a compound containing five such repeating units has been conducted using the phosphoramidite method herein, which is the longest glycosyl 1‐phosphate structures to be chemically constructed in a stepwise manner.
CDKN2A loss and PIK3CA mutation in myoepithelial‐like metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Bartels Stephan , van Luttikhuizen Jana Lisa , Christgen Matthias , Mägel Lavinia , Luft Angelina , Hänzelmann Sonja , Lehmann Ulrich , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Leo Fabian , Steinemann Doris , Kreipe Hans 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetaplastic breast carcinoma comprises a heterogeneous group of tumours with poorly understood pathogenesis. A subset of metaplastic breast cancers show myoepithelial differentiation and constitute a morphological spectrum with ill‐defined borders from fibromatosis‐like spindle cell carcinoma to myoepithelial carcinoma. In a series of 34 metaplastic breast cancers with spindle cell and myoepithelial differentiation, we found recurrent genetic aberrations, which set them apart from other metaplastic breast cancers and suggest a unique pathogenesis. The majority of cases (28 of 34 patients; 82.4%) showed distinct chromosomal loss in the 9p21.3 region, including CDKN2A and CDKN2B. Biallelic loss of the CDKN2A/B region was found in 50% of deleted cases. Expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN2A (p16) was missing in all samples affected by 9p21.3 loss. Other genomic alterations frequently occurring in triple‐negative and metaplastic breast cancer were absent or found in only a minority of cases. Gains of whole chromosome 5 and chromosomal region 5p were observed in nine cases, and were associated with recurrences (p < 0.001). In 64.3% of cases, 9p21.3 loss was accompanied by concurrent PIK3CA mutation. Both genomic abnormalities were also detectable in adenomyoepitheliomas (4/12), which are considered to represent the precursor lesion of myoepithelial metaplastic breast cancer. In adenomyoepithelioma, PIK3CA mutation was present in both luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells, whereas p16 loss was found only in the latter. We conclude that 9p21.3 (CDKN2A) loss and PIK3CA mutation characterize a subgroup of metaplastic breast cancers with myoepithelial and spindle cell differentiation. Myoepithelial cells in adenomyoepithelioma may show identical aberrations. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcomes of a stepped care program for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Laporte Lise , Paris Joel , Bergevin Tanya , Fraser Ronald , Cardin Jean‐François 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the clinical outcomes of two clinics for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a naturalistic setting, offering a stepped care model with both short‐term (ST) treatment lasting 12 weeks and extended care (EC) up to 24 months.MethodsA total of 479 patients attending the ST clinic and 145 attending the EC clinic were assessed on depression, impulsivity, self‐esteem, emotion dysregulation, substance abuse, self‐harm and suicidality.ResultsThere were significant reductions in all symptoms in both clinics with the exception that substance abuse was only reduced in the EC clinic. On all symptoms, no significant differences in magnitude of changes were observed between patients who stayed in EC clinic for 6–12 months in comparison to those who stayed for 18–24 months.ConclusionsThese results support the concept that for the majority of patients with BPD, brief treatment can be effective. While some patients still need longer treatment, the results are encouraging for brief treatment as a first step for the majority of patients with BPD. While this study adds to the weight of evidence to support ST interventions for patients with BPD, further research using a control group is needed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical investigation about sensing mechanism of fluoride anion for (E)‐2‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)‐6‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐1H‐benzo[de]‐isoquinoline‐1,3 (2H)‐dione
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Yang Guang , Jia Min , Zhang Qiaoli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present work, we theoretical study the sensing mechanism of a new fluoride chemosensor (E)‐2‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)‐6‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐1H‐benzo[de]‐isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione (the abbreviation is NIM). Based on density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods, the fluoride anion response mechanism has been confirmed via constructing potential energy curve. The exothermal deprotonation process along with the intermolecular hydrogen bond O–H···F reveals the uniqueness of detecting F−. After capturing hydrogen proton forming NIM‐A anion configuration, a new absorption peak around 655 nm appears in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. In addition, the emission of NIM can be quenched when adding F− has been also confirmed. Due to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer character NIM‐A‐S1 form, we further verify the experimental phenomenon. The theoretical electronic spectra (vertical excitation energies and fluorescence peak) reproduced previous experimental results (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 7996), which not only reveals the rationality of our theoretical level used in this work but also confirms the correctness of geometrical attribution. In view of the excitation process, the strong intramolecular charge transfer process of S0 → S1 transition explain the redshift of absorption peak for NIM with the addition of fluoride anion. This work presents a straightforward sensing mechanism (deprotonation process) of fluoride anion for the novel NIM chemosensor.
High Adsorption Pearl‐Necklace‐Like Composite Membrane Based on Metal–Organic Framework for Heavy Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Hou Xuebin , Zhou Huimin , Zhang Jin , Cai Yibing , Huang Fenglin , Wei Qufu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67)‐based “pearl‐necklace‐like” composite membranes are prepared by in situ intergrown on the surface of 2‐methylimidazole/cellulose acetate (MIM/CA) electrospun nanofibers for the first time. With the aid of MIM, the ZIF‐67 nanocrystals successfully grow throughout the composites and attach to the fibers just like the pearls in necklace. The incubation time of ZIF‐67 has a significant influence on the structures and properties of the composites. And with an approximate saturation of ZIF‐67 nanocrystals, the integrated composites achieve a much higher surface area of 463.1 m2 g−1, which is as dozens of times as that of pure MIM/CA electrospun nanofibers (6.9 m2 g−1). In addition, the composites performed a high Cu(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption of 18.9 mg g−1 and 14.5 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption data are well fitted with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Moreover, adsorption mechanism is also discussed, and the electrostatic adsorption and ions exchange contribute to the high adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI), and the existence of Cr(III) indicates that the Cr(VI) ions are partially reduced to Cr(III) during the adsorption. Therefore, the fabricated metal organic framework‐composite membrane with special “pearl‐necklace‐like” is a promising environmental material for removing heavy metal ions from water.