bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolite Profiling of Ortho-, Meta- and Para-Fluorofentanyl by Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gundersen Per Ole M , Åstrand Anna , Gréen Henrik , Josefsson Martin , Spigset Olav , Vikingsson Svante 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
New psychoactive substances are emerging on the illegal drug market. Synthetic opioids including fentanyl analogues are of special concern due to their high potency. This indicates the possibility of low drug concentrations in vivo and calls for sensitive analytical methods and identification of the most appropriate analytical targets. In this study the in vitro metabolism of ortho-, meta- and para-fluorofentanyl, three fluorinated derivatives of fentanyl, has been investigated using human hepatocytes and compared to the results from an authentic human urine sample. Based on knowledge on the metabolism of similar fentanyl analogues N-dealkylation and hydroxylation was hypothesized to be the most central pathways. The three fluorofentanyl isomers were incubated with pooled human hepatocytes at 1, 3 and 5 h. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry operating in data-dependent mode was used to analyse the hepatocyte samples, as well as the hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed authentic urine sample. Data were analysed by a targeted approach with a database of potential metabolites. The major metabolite formed in vitro was the N-dealkylation product norfluorofentanyl. In addition various hydroxylated metabolites, a N-oxide, dihydrodiol metabolites and a hydroxymethoxy metabolite were found. In total, 14 different metabolites were identified for each fluorofentanyl isomer. In the authentic urine sample, three metabolites were detected in addition to the ortho-fluorofentanyl parent compound, with hydroxymethoxy metabolite having the highest abundance followed by norfluorofentanyl and a metabolite hydroxylated on the ethylphenyl ring. This in vitro study showed that the metabolic pattern for ortho-, meta-, and para-fluorofentanyl was close to those previously reported for other fentanyl analogues. We suggest that the hydroxymethoxy metabolite and the metabolite hydroxylated on the ethylphenyl ring should be the metabolites primarily investigated in further studies to determine the most appropriate marker for intake of fluorofentanyl derivatives in urine drug screening for human subjects.
Determination of Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate in Human Whole Blood and Vitreous Humor by LC–MS-MS and Applications to the Interpretation of Postmortem Ethanol Findings
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Beixu , Wang Fanglin , Chang Jing , Zhang Yunfeng , Rao Yulan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Identifying the source of ethanol in a decedent remained a complicated problem for forensic toxicologists because of postmortem ethanol formation. As ethanol’s non-oxidative metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) have the potential to distinguish between antemortem ethanol consumption and postmortem ethanol formation, due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. In the current study, a simple and quick liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of EtG and EtS in human whole blood and vitreous humor (VH). A total of 20 μL of the sample was precipitated by methanol, and the analytes were detected by LC-MS/MS in a run of 6 min. This method achieved high sensitivity (limits of detection: 2 ng/mL for both EtG and EtS), with linearity in the range of 5–10,000 ng/mL in both whole blood and VH. Deviations in accuracy, inter- and intra-day precision were all lower than 15% at three quality control levels. Subsequently, this method was applied to 62 real forensic cases. Only blood samples were available in 52 cases. Paired blood and VH samples were present in 10 cases. The concentrations of EtG and EtS in blood were in the range of 0–22,264.8 ng/mL and 0–2,126.0 ng/mL, respectively. In one case with both blood and VH, the blood ethanol concentration was 1.22 mg/mL, with EtG and EtS both below limits of quantification (5 ng/mL) in VH, and no EtG and EtS found in whole blood. The results suggested that EtG and EtS were useful markers for the interpretation of ethanol resource in postmortem blood and VH.
The Establishment Risk of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in the United States and Globally
Authors: Wakie Tewodros T , Neven Lisa G , Yee Wee L , Lu Zhaozhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNative to Asia, the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), is an emerging pest of many commercially important plants in Korea, Japan, and the United States. Determining its potential distribution is important for proactive measures to protect commercially important commodities. The objective of this study was to assess the establishment risk of L. delicatula globally and in the United States using the ecological niche model MAXENT, with a focus on Washington State (WA), where large fruit industries exist. The MAXENT model predicted highly suitable areas for L. delicatula in Asia, Oceania, South America, North America, Africa, and Europe, but also predicted that tropical habitats are not suitable for its establishment, contrary to published information. Within the United States, the MAXENT model predicted that L. delicatula can establish in most of New England and the mid-Atlantic states, the central United States and the Pacific Coast states, including WA. If introduced, L. delicatula is likely to establish in fruit-growing regions of the Pacific Northwest. The most important environmental variables for predicting the potential distribution of L. delicatula were mean temperature of driest quarter, elevation, degree-days with a lower developmental threshold value of 11°C, isothermality, and precipitation of coldest quarter. Results of this study can be used by regulatory agencies to guide L. delicatula surveys and prioritize management interventions for this pest.
To fuse, Not to Fuse, or Simply Confuse? Assessing the Case for Normative Convergence Between Goods and Services Trade Law
Authors: Sauvé Pierre 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Goods and services were separated (politically) at birth when the Uruguay Round of multilateral negotiations was launched. The goods and services divide reflected in today’s structure of global trade governance has increasingly come into question in a world of cross-border production networks. This begs the question of the desirability and political economy feasibility of fusing the law of goods and services trade into one undifferentiated whole. This paper asks whether the current architectures of multilateral and preferential trade governance are compatible with a world of trade in tasks; whether existing rules offer globally active firms a coherent structure for doing business in a predictable environment; whether it is feasible to redesign the structure and content of existing trade rules to align them to the reality of production fragmentation; and what steps can be envisaged to better align policy with market realities if restructuring prospects appear unfavorable. The paper argues that fusing trade disciplines for goods and services is neither needed nor feasible and may actually deflect attention from a number of worthwhile policy initiatives where more realistic (if never easily secured) prospects of generic rule-making may well exist.
Dramatic response of FOLFIRINOX regimen in a collision pancreatic adenocarcinoma patient with a germline BRCA2 mutation: a case report
Authors: Shimmura Hideki , Kuramochi Hidekazu , Jibiki Norie , Katagiri Satoshi , Nishino Takayoshi , Araida Tatsuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGermline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are the most common gene mutations in familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated the utility of platinum-based chemotherapy for treating cancer patients who harbour a BRCA mutation. Here we discuss a 47-year-old Japanese female with no relevant past history who presented with epigastralgia and fever in September 2016. A computed tomography scan revealed a low-density, low-enhanced tumour 15 mm in diameter in the head of the pancreas. The pathological diagnosis was a ductal pancreatic carcinoma. A 6 mm low-enhanced metastatic tumour was also detected in segment 4 of the liver. Because she had early onset of the disease and a family history—her mother died of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at age 48—we considered a diagnosis of familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma. She received modified FOLFIRINOX. Two months after starting chemotherapy, she was diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast. FOLFIRINOX was continued for 8 cycles (4 months); the primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma shrank and the liver metastatic foci disappeared, but the size of the breast tumour increased. Total right breast excision and sentinel lymph node dissection were performed. FOLFIRINOX was continued and after 12 cycles (6 months), both her pancreatic adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis were no longer visible using imaging. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and the primary tumour had shrunk to 2.5 mm. Genetic testing revealed a germline BRCA2 mutation. The FOLFIRINOX regimen showed dramatic effects on the collision pancreatic but not on the breast cancer.
A review of changes to and clinical implications of the eighth TNM classification of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Morizane Chigusa , Ikeda Masafumi , Okusaka Takuji , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers have poor outcomes. Clinical staging is useful for predicting survival and selecting treatment options. The 8th edition of tumor-node metastasis (TNM) was published in 2016 and came into effect from 2018. Regarding liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), tumour size and vascular invasion were more emphasized adding numbers. Tumour size was included for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. T2 for gallbladder cancer was divided into two categories based on the side of invasion, and lymph node metastasis was classified according to the number of lymph nodes, not the site. The N category for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma was changed to the same as that for gallbladder cancer (total number of regional lymph nodes). The depth of tumour invasion using cut-off values of 5 and 12 mm was adopted as the T category for distal cholangiocarcinoma. The N category was also changed (the total number of regional lymph nodes). Regarding cancer of the ampulla of Vater, the T category was classified in more detail and the N category was also changed to the total number of regional lymph nodes. T1 for pancreatic cancer was separated into T1 subcategories (T1a, T1b and T1c) based on cut-off values of 5 and 10 mm. T1–T3 were classified with cut-off values of ≤2 cm, &gt;2 to 4 cm and &gt;4 cm. Furthermore, the N category was changed to the total number of regional lymph nodes. Although there are limitations due to treatment decisions only being based on imaging interpretation, this classification predicts the prognosis of patients more accurately than the previous edition.
Building Institutional Trust Through Service Experiences—Private Versus Public Provision Matter
Authors: Berg Monika , Johansson Tobias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWelfare service experiences are known to shape citizens' trust in public institutions and their support of the welfare state. But, there is poor understanding of how this relationship is shaped in systems of mixed provision, that is, welfare states that use public in-house as well as contracted private providers for publically funded services. Drawing on the notion of system trust this article provides a theoretical account of how mixed-provision welfare systems condition the relationship between service experience and trust, affecting the legitimacy of the state. Utilizing a randomized vignette experiment with participants in a general citizen survey in Sweden, we investigate whether it matters for the formation of institutional trust if the welfare service is provided by a public or third-party private provider. The main result show that the spillover of trust from positive service experiences with the provider to trust in public institutions is higher in cases of public service provision. Thus, the possibility of using welfare services to build trust in the welfare system seems to be greater when public provision is used.
Symptom Profiles of CD and ODD Among Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV
Authors: Osigwe Ijeoma , Gadow Kenneth D , Nachman Sharon , Drabick Deborah A G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveYouth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) face increased risk for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and heterogeneous findings indicate that there may be subgroups of youth with PHIV differing in the quality and/or frequency of symptoms. The present study examined symptom profiles of CD and ODD among youth with PHIV and whether profiles differed in terms of parent–child and family correlates.MethodsParticipants included 314 youth with PHIV, aged 6–17 years (M = 12.88 years, SD = 3.08; 51% male; 85% Black or Latinx), and their caregivers who were recruited from 29 clinics in the US involved in the International Maternal Pediatrics Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Group’s P1055 study. Caregivers reported on youth CD and ODD symptoms, parent–child interactions, and family environment.ResultsLatent class analysis indicated that a four-class model (i.e., moderate CD/high ODD, high ODD, moderate ODD, low CD/ODD) best fit the data. Ancillary analyses to validate these classes revealed differences for family cohesion and conflict; and child-centeredness, detachment, guilt-induced control, and consistency in parent–child interactions. The low CD/ODD class generally differed from other classes with additional differentiation between some higher risk profiles.ConclusionsFindings suggest that homogeneous classes of CD/ODD symptoms can be identified among youth with PHIV, and these profiles differ in terms of family processes, consistent with previous work among chronically ill youth.
Towards a ‘client professionalization’ process? The case of the institutionalization of executive coaching in France
Authors: Salman Scarlett 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrawing on the ‘corporate professionalization’ model (Kipping, Kirkpatrick, and Muzio 2006; Muzio et al. 2011) of new strategies adopted by managerial occupations, this article explores professionalization processes taking into account the role of the client. Based on an analysis of the professionalization of executive coaching, it demonstrates the influence of the client organizations in such processes, at a collective and institutional level. This influence tends to favor new professionalization strategies of differentiation, regulation, and dissemination. The article suggests that this influence does not necessarily limit the power of corporate professionals, at least in the institutionalization phase, especially if we redefine power as consisting ‘not in restriction and exclusion, but in extension and linking’ (Eyal 2013: 876). Framed primarily to analyze corporate occupations practiced by independent professionals, the ‘client professionalization’ model suggests better taking into account the influence of client organizations in further research on professionalization processes, in line with the research conducted on ‘client capture’ (Leicht and Fennell 2001; Dinovitzer, Gunz, and Gunz, 2014). By studying an emergent corporate profession that is practiced by self-employed, solo practitioners and freelancers, which have been largely overlooked in the literature, this article contributes overall to a more diverse understanding of corporate professions and the ways in which they professionalize.
Radon (222Rn) concentrations in the touristic Jumandy cave in the Amazon region of Ecuador
Authors: García Paz Felipe Alejandro , Gonzalez Romero Yasser Alejandro , Zalakeviciute Rasa 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis work consists of the detection and quantification of the concentration levels of radioactive gas radon-222 (222Rn) of natural origin, as well as the determination of the critical points and the estimation of the effective dose absorbed by the tourists and guides inside the Jumandy cavern in Napo, Ecuador. According to the feasibility map of uranium of Ecuador, the study area is located in one of the top-priority areas for obtaining uranium, suggesting possible radioactivity in this unstudied region. The measurements were carried out from July to October of 2017, in three different monitoring points inside the cavern. The average radon concentrations measured in the cavern exceeded the maximum recommended environmental level by a factor of 28, and the effective dose absorbed by the guides exceeded the recommended maximum by a f actor of 10. Meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity have an impact on the 222Rn concentrations in different parts of the cave.
Does mentoring make immigrants more desirable? A conjoint analysis
Authors: Weiss Akiva , Tulin Marina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh levels of immigration to Germany have led to increased interests in integration programs. Yet, it is unclear to what extent immigrant participation in integration programs affects attitudes toward immigrants among the host population. This article measures which immigrant attributes German respondents find desirable, and how these features interact with participation in a mentoring program with a local mentor. Mentoring is often employed to aid immigrant integration and typically focuses on psychosocial, social capital, and employment-related goals. Our results show that Germans prefer traits conducive to gainful employment. While migrant ethnicity had no significant effect, migrant religion was salient. Muslim immigrants were preferred less than immigrants of other religions, and this effect was stronger among respondents living in areas with higher support for far-right politics. Participation in a mentoring program increased migrant desirability both directly and indirectly by mitigating the negative effects of having lower levels of education, little work experience, not speaking German and being Muslim.
Numerical simulations of the emerging plasma blob into a solar coronal hole
Authors: Navarro Anamaría , Murawski K , Wójcik D , Lora-Clavijo F D 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We numerically simulate emergence of a magnetic plasma blob into a solar coronal hole. This blob may be associated with granulation and therefore it has a weak magnetic field. Two-dimensional simulations are performed using the magnus code which solves magnetohydrodynamic equations, taking into account magnetic resistivity and thermal conduction. As a result of the interaction of the emerging blob with the ambient plasma, the magnetic lines experience reconnection with the blob getting flattened and deformed with time. Additionally, this process launches a vertical outflow of hot plasma and the chromosphere in its response increases its temperature. We perform parametric studies by varying the magnitude of the magnetic field of the blob and observing the net heating of the chromosphere. These studies are inspired by realistic simulations of granulation made with the use of two-fluid joanna code. In these simulations a number of magnetic blobs are detected in the convection zone and in the photosphere. From the numerical results, we conclude that as a result of granulation operating in a solar quiet region the emerging blob may trigger very complex dynamics in the upper regions of the solar atmosphere, and the associated outflows may be a source of heating of the chromosphere and possibly the solar corona.
Balmer breaks in simulated galaxies at z>6
Authors: Binggeli Christian , Zackrisson Erik , Ma Xiangcheng , Inoue Akio K , Vikaeus Anton , Hashimoto Takuya , Mawatari Ken , Shimizu Ikkoh , Ceverino Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Photometric observations of the spectroscopically confirmed z ≈ 9.1 galaxy MACS1149-JD1 have indicated the presence of a prominent Balmer break in its spectral energy distribution, which may be interpreted as due to very large fluctuations in its past star formation activity. In this paper, we investigate to what extent contemporary simulations of high-redshift galaxies produce star formation rate variations sufficiently large to reproduce the observed Balmer break of MACS1149-JD1. We find that several independent galaxy simulations are unable to account for Balmer breaks of the inferred size, suggesting that MACS1149-JD1 either must be a very rare type of object or that our simulations are missing some key ingredient. We present predictions of spectroscopic Balmer break strength distributions for z ≈ 7–9 galaxies that may be tested through observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and also discuss the impact that various assumptions on dust reddening, Lyman continuum leakage and deviations from a standard stellar initial mass function would have on the results.
Dark matter and no dark matter: on the halo mass of NGC 1052
Authors: Forbes Duncan A , Alabi Adebusola , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The NGC 1052 group, and in particular the discovery of two ultra-diffuse galaxies with very low internal velocity dispersions, has been the subject of much attention recently. Here we present radial velocities for a sample of 77 globular clusters associated with NGC 1052 obtained on the Keck telescope. Their mean velocity and velocity dispersion are consistent with that of the host galaxy. Using a simple tracer mass estimator, we infer the enclosed dynamical mass and dark matter fraction of NGC 1052. Extrapolating our measurements with a Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) mass profile we infer a total halo mass of 6.2(±0.2) × 1012 M⊙. This mass is fully consistent with that expected from the stellar mass–halo mass relation, suggesting that NGC 1052 has a normal dark matter halo mass (i.e. it is not deficient in dark matter in contrast to two ultra-diffuse galaxies in the group). We present a phase-space diagram showing the galaxies that lie within the projected virial radius (390 kpc) of NGC 1052. Finally, we briefly discuss the two dark matter-deficient galaxies (NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4) and consider whether modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) can account for their low observed internal velocity dispersions.
Halo exclusion criteria impacts halo statistics
Authors: García Rafael , Rozo Eduardo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Every halo-finding algorithm must make a critical yet relatively arbitrary choice: it must decide which structures are parent haloes, and which structures are subhaloes of larger haloes. We refer to this choice as percolation. We demonstrate that the choice of percolation impacts the statistical properties of the resulting halo catalogue. Specifically, we modify the halo-finding algorithm rockstar to construct three different halo catalogues from the same simulation data, each with identical mass definitions, but different choice of percolation. The resulting haloes exhibit significant differences in both halo abundance and clustering properties. Differences in the halo mass function reach 6 per cent for haloes of mass $10^{13}\ h^{-1}\ {\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}$, larger than the few per cent precision necessary for current cluster abundance experiments such as the Dark Energy Survey. Comparable differences are observed in the large-scale clustering bias, while differences in the halo–matter correlation function reach 30 per cent on translinear scales. These effects can bias weak-lensing estimates of cluster masses at a level comparable to the statistical precision of current state-of-the-art experiments.