bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN MATERIAL ACUAN INTERNAL BERUPA BATUAN PADA ZONA KAOLINISASI DARI KOKAP KULON PROGO MENGGUNAKAN ICP-MS
Authors: Irzon Ronaldo 
Published: February 2019

<p>Setiap pengujian membutuhkan materail acuan standar untuk mengkonfirmasi kebenaran hasilnya. CRM sebagai material acuan standar berlevel internasional memang memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang baik namun berharga sangat tinggi sehingga diperlukan bahan lain sebagai pendamping. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai proses pembuatan material acuan internal berupa batuan dari zona kaolinisasi yang diambil dari wilayah Kokap, Kulon Progo untuk analisis unsur jarang dan tanah jarang. Calon standar internal dibagi menjadi delapan fraksi dan diukur komposisinya menggunakan ICP-MS milik Pusat Survei Geologi. Tingkat ketelitian metoda uji ditunjukkan oleh statistika pengukuran larutan kalibrasi yang sangat baik. AGV-2 dijadikan sebagai acuan utama dan dilengkapi dengan GBW 7113 untuk menjaga kebenaran pengukuran. Sebagian besar analit memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik dengan memperbandingkan nilai acuan pada kedua CRM tersebut terhadap hasil pengukuran. Homogenitas setiap fraksi calon standar dipastikan melalui metoda Anova singel factor. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan nilai terhadap 23 elemen yang dianggap layak dijadikan acuan berupa rerata pengukuran dan standar deviasinya. Penelitian ini layak dilanjutkan dengan uji antar laboratorium sehingga tingkat kepercayaan dapat ditingkatkan menjadi bahan acuan nasional.</p>
METODE TAC SEMI-OTOMATIS SEDERHANA UNTUK MEMANDU KALIBRASI DWT PNUMATIK
Authors: Samodro Rudi Anggoro , Ega Adindra Vickar 
Published: February 2019

Telah dikembangkan metode <em>transducer assisted crossfloat</em> (TAC) semi-otomatis sederhana berbasis <em>Visual Basic Application </em>(VBA) untuk mengkalibrasi DWT. Pengoperasian dua <em>valve</em> untuk menghubungkan transduser dengan DWT dilakukan secara manual, mengikuti panduan yang muncul (<em>pop-up message</em>) pada antar-muka perangkat lunak. Data akusisi pembacaan tekanan DWT standard dan DWT yang dikalibrasi dilakukan secara otomatis dengan menggunakan <em>pressure transduser</em> melalui komunikasi serial RS232. Beda tekanan antara kedua DWT (<em>∆p</em>) yang dikonversi menjadi massa penyetimbang (<em>m<sub>b</sub></em>) berdasarkan <em>pressure factor</em> (<em>f<sub>p</sub></em>) dari <em>pressure transducer</em>. Dilakukan kalibrasi DWT gas dari 200 kPa - 1750 kPa pada 11 titik dengan 3 seri pengukuran menggunakan metode ini. Nilai pengulangan dari <em>m<sub>b</sub></em> metode TAC semi-otomatis relatif kecil dengan standar deviasi maksimum sebesar 96 mg pada tekanan 1750 kPa. Parameter utama DWT yang dikalibrasi yaitu luasan efektif piston-silinder (<strong><em>A<sub>0,20</sub></em></strong>)<em></em>dan koefisien distorsi (<strong><em>λ</em>)</strong>, dengan hasil secara berturutan adalah (4,901 65 × 10<sup>-5</sup> ± 6,0 × 10<sup>-9</sup>) m<sup>2</sup> dan (2,1 × 10<sup>-12</sup> ± 3,9 × 10<sup>-12</sup>) Pa<sup>-1</sup>. Nilai ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan hasil kalibrasi DWT yang sama dengan metode <em>crossfloat</em> umum. Dari validasi yang dilakukan, konsistensi dari kedua metode yang cukup tinggi untuk nilai <em>A<sub>0,20 </sub></em>dengan perbedaan relative kurang dari 1× 10<sup>-6</sup>, sedangkan selisih dari nilai <em>λ</em> sebesar 2,4 × 10<sup>-12 </sup>Pa<sup>-1</sup> yang masih tercakup pada rentang ketidakpastiannya yaitu sebesar 4,4 × 10<sup>-12 </sup>Pa<sup>-1</sup>. Metode ini cukup efektif dan efisien terbukti dari konsistensi hasil yang diperoleh, terlebih lagi kalibrasi dilakukan oleh operator dengan hanya mengikuti perintah yang ditampilkan oleh perangkat lunak
KANDUNGAN METIL MERKURI PADA BEBERAPA JENIS IKAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR CODEX
Authors: Lukiawan Reza , Suminto Suminto 
Published: February 2019

<p>Kandungan metil merkuri dalam ikan terkait dengan <em>food safety</em> yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia telah menjadi fokus pembahasan pada sidang <em>Codex Alimentarius Commision </em>(CAC). Pada sidang CCCF ke-10 tahun 2016 komite Codex menyetujui untuk menyusun <em>maximum level </em>metil merkuri untuk ikan tuna. Apabila dimungkinkan akan menetapkan satu <em>maximum level </em>untuk seluruh jenis ikan tuna atau masing-masing jenis ikan tuna memiliki <em>maximum leve</em> tersendiri.</p>Untuk itu, dalam rangka melindungi kesehatan masyarakat dan memfasilitasi perdagangan internasional, CAC menyepakati perlunya penentuan <em>Maximum L</em><em>evel</em> (ML) kadar metil merkuri untuk berbagai spesies ikan. Kandungan merkuri yang terdapat dalam ikan perlu diketahui jumlahnya, apalagi untuk ikan yang banyak dikonsumsi sehingga kandungan logam tersebut penting untuk ditentukan batasannya. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan nilai <em>maximum level</em> (ML) kandungan metil merkuri pada ikan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung posisi Indonesia dalam rangka pengembangan standar internasional Codex.
KINERJA DAN RESPON INDUSTRI ATAS PEMBERLAKUAN SNI WAJIB
Authors: Setyoko Ajun Tri , Isharyadi Febrian , Kristiningrum Ellia 
Published: February 2019

<strong>Penerapan SNI pada dasarnya bersifat sukarela</strong>, namun untuk keperluan melindungi kepentingan umum, keamanan negara, perkembangan ekonomi nasional, dan pelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup, pemerintah dapat menetapkan regulasi teknis dengan memberlakukan SNI tertentu secara wajib. Untuk mendorong keberhasilan penerapan regulasi teknis ini perlu dianalisis kinerja dan respon industri terhadap peraturan pemberlakuan SNI wajib. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data primer dikumpulkan dari survei ke 14 perusahaan. Sementara data sekunder bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kinerja industri antara tahun 2013 – 2014 (sebelum dan setelah pemeberlakuan SNI wajib) mengalami perubahan dalam hal: 1) terjadi kenaikan dalam jumlah industri, barang modal tetap, nilai input dan output naik, tetapi jumlah tenaga kerja mengalami penurunan; 2) respon industri memperlihatkan tidak terdapat kesulitan untuk menerapkan SNI wajib, namun demikian masih banyak industri yang mengeluhkan biaya sertifikasi yang tinggi dan prosesnya yang lama. Walaupun ada indikasi pemberlakuan SNI meningkatkan kinerja namun penting dicermati akan faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja industri antara periode 2013-2014, misalkan penurunan harga komoditas global dan dinamika harga bahan baku dalam negeri.
ANALISIS PRODUK KRIMER KENTAL MANIS DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA BARU
Authors: Hasrini Reno Fitri , Khoiriyah Ainun 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>Currently many milk derivative products are difficult to differentiated, namely sweetened condensed milk (SCM), non dairy sweetened condensed milk (NDSC) and sweetened condensed creamer (SCC). Therefore, it is necessary to mapping the concept of quality requirements for the three products. There are no national and international standards that govern and distinguish the characteristics of the products. To find out the characteristics of local SCC in Indonesia and compare them with imported SCC, it is necessary to analyze various local and imported SCC where circulating in the market. The materials used are local SCC 10 brands and 5 brand imports. The analysis carried out was water content, protein (Nx 6.38%), total fat and sugar content as saccharose. The results of the analysis showed that the local SCC had average of water content, protein (Nx6.38%), total fat and sugar content as saccharose were 22.68 ± 2.51, 2.27 ± 0.14, 10.74 ± 0, 89, and 47.05 ± 1.25%, respectively. Whereas imported SCC had average of water content was 22.68 ± 2.68%, protein (Nx6.38%) was 1.42 ± 0.11%, total fat was 10.33 ± 0.09% and sugar content as saccharose was 50.5 ± 2.77%. Quality requirements for local and imported SCC suitable for the Indonesian National Standard Concept of sweetened condensed cremer and were not suitable with quality requirements of non dairy sweetened condensed milk concept.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p>
A novel method to determine the natural course of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations without the need for follow-up information
Authors: Karlsson Bengt , Johansson Arne V. , Yang Huai-Che , Jokura Hidefumi , Yamamoto Masaaki , Martínez-Álvarez Roberto , Kawagishi Jun , Guo Wan-Yuo , Beute Guus , Pan David H. C. , Chung Wen-Yuh , Söderman Michael , Aiyama Hitoshi , Yeo Tseng Tsai 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEThere is a strong clinical need to accurately determine the average annual hemorrhage risk in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This need motivated the present initiative to use data from a uniquely large patient population and design a novel methodology to achieve a risk determination with unprecedented accuracy. The authors also aimed to determine the impact of sex, pregnancy, AVM volume, and location on the risk for AVM rupture.METHODSThe present study does not consider any specific management of the AVMs, but only uses the age distribution for the first hemorrhage, the shape of which becomes universal for a sufficiently large set of patients. For this purpose, the authors collected observations, including age at first hemorrhage and AVM size and location, in 3425 patients. The average annual risk for hemorrhage could then be determined from the simple relation that the number of patients with their first hemorrhage at a specific age equals the risk for hemorrhage times the number of patients at risk at that age. For a subset of the patients, the information regarding occurrence of AVM hemorrhage after treatment of the first hemorrhage was used for further analysis of the influence on risk from AVM location and pregnancy.RESULTSThe age distribution for the first AVM hemorrhage was used to determine the average annual risk for hemorrhage in unruptured AVMs at adult ages (25–60 years). It was concluded to be 3.1% ± 0.2% and unrelated to AVM volume but influenced by its location, with the highest risk for centrally located AVMs. The hemorrhage risk was found to be significantly higher for females in their fertile years.CONCLUSIONSThe present methodology allowed the authors to determine the average annual risk for the first AVM hemorrhage at 3.1% ± 0.2% without the need for individual patient follow-up. This methodology has potential also for other similar types of investigations. The conclusion that centrally located AVMs carry a higher risk was confirmed by follow-up information. Follow-up information was also used to conclude that pregnancy causes a substantially greater AVM hemorrhage risk. The age distribution for AVM hemorrhage is incompatible with AVMs present at birth having the same hemorrhage risk as AVMs in adults. Plausibly, they instead develop in the early years of life, possibly with a lower hemorrhage risk during that time period.
Radiosurgery for growth hormone—producing pituitary adenomas
Authors: Zhang Nan , Pan Li , Wang En Min , Dai Jia Zhong , Wang Bin Jiang , Cai Pei Wu 
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors sought to evaluate the effect of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) on growth hormone (GH)—producing pituitary adenoma growth and endocrinological response.
Methods. From 1993 to 1997, 79 patients with GH-producing pituitary adenomas were treated with GKS. Seventysix patients had acromegaly. Sixty-eight patients were treated with GKS as the primary procedure. The tumor margin was covered with a 50 to 90% isodose and the margin dose was 18 to 35 Gy (mean 31.3 Gy). The dose to the visual pathways was less than 10 Gy except in one case. Sixty-eight patients (86%) were followed for 6 to 52 months. Growth hormone levels declined with improvement in acromegaly in all cases in the first 6 months after GKS. Normalization of the hormone levels was achieved in 23 (40%) of 58 patients who had been followed for 12 months and in 96% of cases for more than 24 months (43 of 45), or more than 36 months (25 of 26), respectively. With the reduction of GH hormone levels, 12 of 21 patients with hyperglycemia regained a normal blood glucose level (p < 0.001). The tumor shrank in 30 (52%) of 58 patients who had been followed for 12 months (p < 0.01), 39 (87%) of 45 patients for more than 2 years (p = 0.02), and 24 (92%) of 26 patients for more than 36 months. In the remainder of patients tumor growth ceased.
Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery for GH-producing adenomas showed promising results both in hormonal control and tumor shrinkage. A margin dose of more than 30 Gy would seem to be effective in improving the clinical status, reducing high blood glucose levels, and normalizing hypertension.
Early complications following gamma knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Singh V. P. , Kansal S. , Vaishya S. , Julka P. K. , Mehta V. S. 
Published: February 2019

Object. The purpose of this paper was to assess the early complications, defined as occurring within 1 year, following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of intracranial meningiomas.
Methods. Seventy-seven of 306 patients undergoing GKS in the last 2.5 years harbored meningiomas. There were 35 men and 42 women with a mean age of 32.4 years (range 10–80 years). Tumor volume ranged from 0.35 to 28.6 cm3 (mean 7.9 cm3). Gamma knife radiosurgery was the primary therapy in 28 patients and followed surgery in 49 patients. There were 50 basal and 27 nonbasal meningiomas. The most common sites were parasagittal (23 patients) and cerebellopontine angle (14 patients). Ten to 15 Gy was administered to the tumor margins.
Clinical and radiological follow up with a mean duration of 122 months was available in 40 patients. Seizures and increased headache were found in five and four patients, respectively. A temporary worsening of hemiparesis was seen in two patients (both with parasagittal tumors). One patient with a cavernous sinus meningioma developed a herpes labialis eruption. Perilesional edema was demonstrated in nine patients and was symptomatic in six. Six (22%) of the 27 patients with nonbasal tumors had edema (all parasagittal) and four patients were symptomatic. Only three (6%) of the 50 basal meningiomas had edema, and only one patient was symptomatic. The occurence of edema did not correlate with tumor volume, margin or maximum dose, or with radiation received by adjacent brain. A reduction in tumor size was seen in seven patients. In one patient a new recurrent lesion developed adjacent to the previously treated tumor.
Conclusions. Although GKS provides good results for selected patients with meningiomas, caution is required in treating patients with parasagittal tumors as the incidence of perilesional edema is considerable.
Radiosurgery for malignant meningioma: results in 22 patients
Authors: Ojemann Steven G. , Sneed Penny K. , Larson David A. , Gutin Philip H. , Berger Mitchel S. , Verhey Lynn , Smith Vernon , Petti Paula , Wara William , Park Elaine , McDermott Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

Object. The initial treatment of malignant meningiomas in the past has included surgical removal followed by fractionated external-beam radiotherapy. Radiosurgery has been added to the options for treatment of primary or recurrent tumors over the last 10 years. The authors report their results of using gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) to treat 22 patients over an 8-year period.
Methods. Twenty-two patients who underwent GKS for malignant meningioma between December 1991 and May 1999 were evaluated. Three patients were treated with GKS as a boost to radiotherapy and 19 for recurrence following radiotherapy. Outcome factors including patient survival, freedom from progression, and complications were analyzed. In addition, in the recurrent group, variables such as patient age, sex, tumor location, target volume, margin dose, and maximum dose were also analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Overall 5-year survival and progression-free survival estimates were 40% and 26%, respectively. Age (p ≤ 0.003) and tumor volume (p ≤ 0.05) were significant predictors of time to progression and survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Five patients (23%) developed radiation necrosis. Significant relationships between complications and treatment variables or patient characteristics could not be established.
Conclusions. Tumor control following GKS is greater in patients with smaller-sized tumors (< 8 cm3) and in younger patients. Gamma knife radiosurgery can be performed to treat malignant meningioma with acceptable toxicity. The efficacy of GKS relative to other therapies for recurrent malignant meningioma as well as the value of GKS as a boost to radiotherapy will require further evaluation.
Gamma knife radiosurgery in the management of cavernous sinus meningiomas
Authors: Roche Pierre-Hugues , Régis Jean , Dufour Henry , Fournier Henri-Dominique , Delsanti Christine , Pellet William , Grisoli Francois , Peragut Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors sought to assess the functional tolerance and tumor control rate of cavernous sinus meningiomas treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).
Methods. Between July 1992 and October 1998, 92 patients harboring benign cavernous sinus meningiomas underwent GKS. The present study is concerned with the first 80 consecutive patients (63 women and 17 men). Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed as an alternative to surgical removal in 50 cases and as an adjuvant to microsurgery in 30 cases. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 6–71 years). The mean tumor volume was 5.8 cm3 (range 0.9–18.6 cm3). On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the tumor was confined in 66 cases and extensive in 14 cases. The mean prescription dose was 28 Gy (range 12–50 Gy), delivered with an average of eight isocenters (range two–18). The median peripheral isodose was 50% (range 30–70%). Patients were evaluated at 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years after GKS.
The median follow-up period was 30.5 months (range 12–79 months). Tumor stabilization after GKS was noted in 51 patients, tumor shrinkage in 25 patients, and enlargement in four patients requiring surgical removal in two cases. The 5-year actuarial progression-free survival was 92.8%. No new oculomotor deficit was observed. Among the 54 patients with oculomotor nerve deficits, 15 improved, eight recovered, and one worsened. Among the 13 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, one worsened (contemporary of tumor growing), five remained unchanged, four improved, and three recovered. In a patient with a remnant surrounding the optic nerve and preoperative low vision (3/10) the decision was to treat the lesion and deliberately sacrifice the residual visual acuity. Only one transient unexpected optic neuropathy has been observed. One case of delayed intracavernous carotid artery occlusion occurred 3 months after GKS, without permanent deficit. Another patient presented with partial complex seizures 18 months after GKS. All cases of tumor growth and neurological deficits observed after GKS occurred before the use of GammaPlan. Since the initiation of systematic use of stereotactic MR imaging and computer-assisted modern dose planning, no more side effects or cases of tumor growth have occurred.
Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery was found to be an effective low morbidity—related tool for the treatment of cavernous sinus meningioma. In a significant number of patients, oculomotor functional restoration was observed. The treatment appears to be an alternative to surgical removal of confined enclosed cavernous sinus meningioma and should be proposed as an adjuvant to surgery in case of extensive meningiomas.
Factors related to complete occlusion of arteriovenous malformations after gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Chang Jong Hee , Chang Jin Woo , Park Yong Gou , Chung Sang Sup 
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors sought to evaluate the effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) on cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and the factors associated with complete occlusion.
Methods. A total of 301 radiosurgical procedures for 277 cerebral AVMs were performed between December 1988 and December 1999. Two hundred seventy-eight lesions in 254 patients who were treated with GKS from May 1992 to December 1999 were analyzed. Several clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated.
Conclusions. The total obliteration rate for the cases with an adequate radiological follow up of more than 2 years was 78.9%. In multivariate analysis, maximum diameter, angiographically delineated shape of the AVM nidus, and the number of draining veins significantly influenced the result of radiosurgery. In addition, margin radiation dose, Spetzler—Martin grade, and the flow pattern of the AVM nidus also had some influence on the outcome. In addition to the size, topography, and radiosurgical parameters of AVMs, it would seem to be necessary to consider the angioarchitectural and hemodynamic aspects to select proper candidates for radiosurgery.
Staged radiosurgical treatment for large benign cerebral lesions
Authors: Pendl Gerhard , Unger Frank , Papaefthymiou Georg , Eustacchio Sandro 
Published: February 2019

Object. Large brain lesions are considered unamenable to gamma knife treatment because of possible adverse effects. The proximity of eloquent brain to a target location, including some arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), still poses a challenge to the neurosurgeon. Because meningiomas and AVMs often show a slow or absent growth rate, partial radiosurgical treatment in cases with risk of unacceptable surgery-related morbidity is an alternative. The authors evaluated the results of staged treatment.
Methods. Since April 1992, 12 patients suffering from large benign tumors (meningiomas) and seven with AVMs considered inoperable underwent gamma knife radiosurgery in staged procedures. All patients with tumors underwent primary open surgery for partial removal of recurrent growth and subsequent radiosurgical treatment. Four men and eight women ranging in age from 26 to 73 years harbored tumors that ranged in volume from 19 to 90 cm3. Marginal dose ranged from 10 to 25 Gy prescribed in the 30 to 50% isodose. The time interval between the radiosurgical treatments varied from 1 to 8 months. Follow up ranged from 5 and 89 months. Three female and four male patients (age range 10–48 years) had undergone previous AVM embolization and were treated with margin doses of 18 to 22 Gy in the 40 to 50% isodose. The volume range of these AVMs was 11 to 25 cm3. The time interval between radiosurgical treatments ranged from 5 to 36 months. The mean follow up was 22.6 months.
Neurological follow-up examinations showed clinical improvement in 11 patients (58%), whereas five (26%) remained unchanged. Among tumor patients no deterioration or further tumor growth was observed. Tumor necrosis demonstrated noticed in five patients (26%). One patient with an AVM suffered from seizures and hemiparesis. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the residual nidus disclosed no rebleeding.
Conclusions. For selected patients with large benign lesions staged gamma knife radiosurgery could be an alternative, as evidenced by the authors' series in which there was no mortality and low incidence morbidity.