bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of diverse diagnostic criteria for acquired apraxia of speech: a scoping review
Authors: Molloy Jessica , Jagoe Caroline 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence that speech and language therapy (SLT) intervention is effective in improving communication ability for individuals with non‐progressive acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). However, there is no universally agreed diagnostic standard for AOS, and diverging opinions on its diagnostic features. This has led to claims that diverse diagnostic criteria may be used to select participants for AOS research studies. These claims raise concerns for evidence‐based practice in AOS but have yet to be systematically investigated.AimsTo determine the presence, nature and extent of diversity in the diagnostic criteria for non‐progressive AOS used in both published studies and clinical practice internationally.Methods & ProceduresThe study used a scoping review methodology that followed the 2005 framework of Arksey and O'Malley and included a consultation exercise in the form of an online survey of international SLTs. The scoping review included 157 studies involving participants with acquired AOS, published between 1997 and 2017. There were 264 respondents to the online survey of SLTs, with a completion rate of 72%. Respondents came from 15 countries and had varying levels of clinical experience.Main ContributionThis study found that no common set of diagnostic criteria for AOS was used universally across research and practice. Although the diagnostic criteria used to select participants with AOS were reported explicitly in most studies, they varied from study to study. Some studies used directly conflicting criteria. Use of specific diagnostic criteria in studies was influenced by year of publication but not by location. There was a trend towards increasing consistency in diagnostic criteria in recent years. Compared with the research, the survey revealed relatively greater consistency among SLTs on the speech features considered indicative of AOS, although the SLTs who responded to the survey showed variation in how diagnostic criteria were combined into sets. Use of specific diagnostic criteria was not associated with SLTs’ location or experience. There were differences between the diagnostic criteria for AOS used most commonly in research studies and those selected most commonly by SLTs in the survey. These findings have implications for the generalizability of AOS research to clinical practice, as well as implications for effective research synthesis.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe claim that research and practice in the field of AOS is characterized by the use of diverse diagnostic criteria is supported by this scoping review. The findings support the need to develop a universal consensus standard for AOS diagnosis to ensure consistency across research and clinical practice.
Comparative studies of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in animal longevity: Technical pitfalls and possibilities
Authors: Munro Daniel , Pamenter Matthew E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mitochondrial oxidative theory of aging has been repeatedly investigated over the past 30 years by comparing the efflux of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from isolated mitochondria of long‐ and short‐lived species using horseradish peroxidase‐based assays. However, a clear consensus regarding the relationship between H2O2 production rates and longevity has not emerged. Concomitantly, novel insights into the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling by mitochondria themselves should have raised concerns about the validity of this experimental approach. Here, we review pitfalls of the horseradish peroxidase/amplex red detection system for the measurement of mitochondrial ROS formation rates, with an emphasis on longevity studies. Importantly, antioxidant systems in the mitochondrial matrix are often capable of scavenging H2O2 faster than mitochondria produce it. As a consequence, as much as 84% of the H2O2 produced by mitochondria may be consumed before it diffuses into the reaction medium, where it can be detected by the horseradish peroxidase/amplex red system, this proportion is likely not consistent across species. Furthermore, previous studies often used substrates that elicit H2O2 formation at a much higher rate than in physiological conditions and at sites of secondary importance in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that the activity of matrix antioxidants may correlate with longevity instead of the rate of H2O2 formation. We conclude that past studies have been methodologically insufficient to address the putative relationship between longevity and mitochondrial ROS. Thus, novel methodological approaches are required that more accurately encompass mitochondrial ROS metabolism.
A taxonomy of impacts on clinical and translational research from community stakeholder engagement
Authors: Stallings Sarah C. , Boyer Alaina P. , Joosten Yvonne A. , Novak Laurie L. , Richmond Al , Vaughn Yolanda C. , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunity engagement is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool in clinical and translational research; however, the impact of engagement is not fully understood. No standard nomenclature yet exists to clearly define how research changes when community stakeholders are engaged across the research spectrum. This severely limits our ability to assess the value of community engagement in research. To address this gap, we developed a taxonomy for characterizing and classifying changes in research due to community engagement.MethodsUsing an iterative process, we (a) identified areas of potential impact associated with community engagement from author experience, (b) categorized these in taxonomic bins based on research stages, (c) conducted semi‐structured interviews with researchers and community stakeholders, (d) validated the codebook in a sample dataset and (e) refined the taxonomy based on the validation. Community stakeholders were involved in every step of the process including as members of the primary study team.ResultsThe final taxonomy catalogues changes into eleven domains corresponding to research phases. Each domain includes 2‐4 dimensions depicting concepts within the domain's scope and, within each dimension, 2‐10 elements labelling activities through which community engagement could change research.ConclusionsCommunity engagement has great potential to enhance clinical and translational research. This taxonomy provides a common vocabulary and framework for understanding the impact of community engagement and suggests metrics for assessing the value of community engagement in research.
Okra mucilage powder: a novel functional ingredient with antioxidant activity and antibacterial mode of action revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Nampuak Chatmanee , Tongkhao Kullanart 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOkra mucilage powder (OMP) was firstly reported its antibacterial mode of action observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reconstituted OMP or okra mucilage solution (OMS) with the concentration at 120 mg/mL was analysed for its total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity reported as 11.33 ± 0.265 mg gallic acid/100 mL, 5.06 ± 0.197 mg catechin/100 mL and 176.18 ± 12.180 µmol Trolox equivalent/100 mL, respectively. The OMS exhibited strong antibacterial activities on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes with more than 3 log reduction from bacterial inoculum. Nonetheless, mode of action of OMS studied via TEM revealed that cells treated with OMS showed broken cell walls, cell membrane separation and intracellular content leakage. SEM photography revealed furrowed bacterial cell wall surface for this OMS‐treated cells when compared with untreated cells. Overall, our data suggested that the reconstituted OMP offered the greatest functional properties as antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities, aiding to its future application as a potential novel functional ingredient with health‐promoting application.
On comparison of luminescence properties of La2Zr2O7 and La2Hf2O7 nanoparticles
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Abdou Maya , Ghosh Partha S. , Zuniga Jose P. , Manoharan Ezhilarasan , Kim HyeongJun , Mao Yuanbing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnveiling the underlying mechanisms of properties of functional materials, including the luminescence differences among similar pyrochlores A2B2O7, opens new gateways to select proper hosts for various optoelectronic applications by scientists and engineers. For example, although La2Zr2O7 (LZO) and La2Hf2O7 (LHO) pyrochlores have similar chemical compositional and crystallographic structural features, they demonstrate different luminescence properties both before and after doped with Eu3+ ions. Based on our earlier work, LHO‐based nanophosphors display higher photo‐ and radioluminescence intensity, higher quantum efficiency, and longer excited state lifetime compared to LZO‐based nanophosphors. Moreover, under electronic O2−→Zr4+/Hf4+ transition excitation at 306 nm, undoped LHO nanoparticles (NPs) have only violet blue emission, whereas LZO NPs show violet blue and red emissions. In this study, we have combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) based theoretical calculation to explain the observed results. First, we calculated the density of state (DOS) based on DFT and studied the energetics of ionized oxygen vacancies in the band gaps of LZO and LHO theoretically, which explain their underlying luminescence difference. For Eu3+‐doped NPs, we performed emission intensity and lifetime calculations and found that the LHOE NPs have higher host to dopant energy transfer efficiency than the LZOE NPs (59.3% vs 24.6%), which accounts for the optical performance superiority of the former over the latter. Moreover, by corroborating our experimental data with the DFT calculations, we suggest that the Eu3+ doping states in LHO present at exact energy position (both in majority and minority spin components) where oxygen defect states are located unlike those in LZO. Lastly, both the NPs show negligible photobleaching highlighting their potential for bioimaging applications. This current report provides a deeper understanding of the advantages of LHO over LZO as an advanced host for phosphors, scintillators, and fluoroimmunoassays.
Board directors with foreign experience and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Cao Feng , Sun Jian , Yuan Rongli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the impact of board directors with foreign experience (BDFEs) on stock price crash risk. We find that BDFEs help reduce crash risk. This association is robust to a series of robustness checks, including a firm fixed effects model, controlling for possibly omitted variables, and instrumental variable estimations. Moreover, we find that the negative association between BDFEs and crash risk is more pronounced for firms with more agency problems, weaker corporate governance, and less overall transparency. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of board directors matter in determining stock price crash risk.
Long‐Term Effects of Breast Cancer Surgery, Treatment, and Survivor Care
Authors: Lovelace Dawn L. , McDaniel Linda R. , Golden Dwynn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWomen are increasingly surviving breast cancer, but up to 90% experience unexpected long‐term sequelae as a result of treatment. Symptoms may include physical, functional, emotional, and psychosocial changes that can dramatically alter the quality of life for breast cancer survivors. Primary care clinicians, including midwives, are likely to care for these women and should be familiar with common symptoms, treatment, and best practices to avoid permanent dysfunction. A holistic approach to assessment, treatment, and referral as needed is the most effective strategy. Although women experience significant changes after breast cancer treatment, many fail to receive thorough assessment of their symptoms, education about interventions, and treatment options to optimize health promoting strategies. Disparities exist in treatment availability, options, and survivorship. Long‐term physical changes include anatomic changes, chronic pain, phantom breast pain, axillary web syndrome, and lymphedema. In addition, women may have decreased strength, aerobic capacity, mobility, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Emotional and psychosocial changes include depression, anxiety, fatigue, concerns about body image, and issues with sexuality. Treatment should be multifactorial based on thorough assessment of symptoms and can include medication, exercise, counseling, physical and occupational therapy, and alternative and complementary therapies. Primary care and gynecologic clinicians are well positioned to provide thorough evaluation, education, treatment, and referral for the most common sequelae of mastectomy and breast cancer treatments.
Exploring the challenges of medical/nursing tasks in home care experienced by caregivers of older adults with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Lee Mijung , Ryoo Ji Hoon , Campbell Cathy , Hollen Patricia J. , Williams Ishan C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine prevalence, types, challenges and the impact of medical/nursing tasks (MNT) on caregivers of older adults with dementia.BackgroundMedical/nursing tasks have been perceived as a professional healthcare role; however, research shows that many caregivers of older adults with dementia perform those tasks in the home, such as giving injections, tube feedings or operation of medical equipment. Little is known about the caregivers’ challenges in engaging in these MNT.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched to explore MNT among caregivers of older adults with dementia who lived in a community setting. Four quantitative and nine qualitative studies published between 1980–2018 were included. Overall, process of the review was guided by PRISMA.ResultsAbout 67% of U.S. caregivers of older adults with dementia performed MNT, including managing multiple medications, wound care and nutritional management. Care recipients' cognitive impairment complicated the provision of those tasks due to their limited cognitive functioning, behavioural changes, comorbidities and complex medication regimen. Insufficient information and training from healthcare professionals as well as caregivers’ age and their own health problems made performance of those tasks even more challenging. As a result, caregivers frequently suffered from emotional distress such as worrying, anxiety and sleep disturbance.ConclusionsMedical/nursing tasks have become one of the daily tasks of caregivers of older adults with dementia within the home. However, the tasks are difficult and complicated, and inadequate support from healthcare professionals may compromise the caregivers’ well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals should provide education and should be aware of caregivers’ needs related to MNT. Structured‐medical information, skill‐based instructions and hands‐on training may be beneficial to decrease the caregivers’ distress from MNT.
Root resorption in orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Xuanwei , Qi Rui , Liu Chufeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the external root resorption in participants receiving clear aligners and compare it with those treated with fixed appliances. Systematic review with meta‐analysis. Electronic and manual search were performed, and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Data extraction and analysis were conducted by two investigators independently. The original outcome underwent statistical pooling by Review Manager 5. The quality of studies was assessed by ROBINS‐I tool. A total of 11 studies were included for qualitative analysis (six in moderate risk of bias while another five in serious risk of bias), and three of them were statistically pooled in meta‐analysis. The external root resorption in treatment with clear aligners was significantly lower than that with fixed appliances (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI [−0.74, −0.55], P < .01). Subgroup analysis on each quadrant of incisors was consistent with the former result. Current evidences suggest that clear aligners might not avoid root resorption, but the incidence and severity of resorption could both be lower compared with results reported by treatment with fixed appliances.
The asymmetric impact of oil prices on remittances: evidence from India
Authors: Akçay Selçuk , Karasoy Alper 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRemittances make up a sizeable part of the Indian economy. Using recently advanced non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model (Shin et al, 2014), this study aims to address the asymmetric impact of oil prices on international remittances over the period 1975–2017, in the context of India. The results reveal that: (i) changes in oil prices and remittances are asymmetrically associated in both short and long run; (ii) remittances react differently to changes in oil prices: while positive movements in oil prices lead to an increase in remittances, negative movements lower remittances; (iii) compared to positive oil price shocks, negative shocks have more profound impact on remittances in the long run; (iv) exchange rate has an asymmetric effect on remittances only in the short run; (v) financial development has negative influence on remittance inflows in the long run; and (vi) GDP per capita does not have any significant impact on remittance inflows in the long run, whereas it negatively affects remittances to India in the short run.
Setting definitions of childhood asthma in epidemiologic studies
Authors: Silva Diana , Severo Milton , Paciência Inês , Rufo João , Martins Carla , Moreira Pedro , Padrão Patrícia , Delgado Luís , Moreira André 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe definitions of childhood asthma differ among epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and agreement of previous asthma definitions and to evaluate questionnaire‐driven asthma definition patterns.MethodsData on 808 participants aged 7‐12 years from 20 schools were analyzed. Asthma definitions based on symptoms assessed by questionnaire, parent‐reported medical asthma diagnosis, current use of asthma medication, airway reversibility after bronchodilatation, and increased (≥35 ppb) levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) were compared with a gold standard (medical diagnosis of asthma with asthma symptoms in the past 12 months and/or airway reversibility). Concordance was assessed by Cohen's kappa. Data‐driven analysis was applied to the questionnaire, and six scores were determined “asthma,” “rhinitis,” “cough,” “non‐specific respiratory symptoms,” “treated asthma,” and “uncontrolled asthma.” Tree decisions were built using these scores.ResultsDefinitions of asthma based on respiratory symptoms, airway reversibility, and parent‐reported medical diagnosis had a low sensitivity but high specificity. Agreement between reported and objective measures was poor. Parent‐reported medical asthma diagnosis, but not reversibility or eNO, was able to predict questionnaire‐driven symptom patterns. Decision trees indicated that those with recent non‐specific respiratory symptoms had a higher probability of positive bronchodilation.ConclusionA standardized operational definition of asthma should include a composite score based on reported asthma medical diagnosis, symptoms, and lung function.
Methodological reporting behavior, sample sizes, and statistical power in studies of event‐related potentials: Barriers to reproducibility and replicability
Authors: Clayson Peter E. , Carbine Kaylie A. , Baldwin Scott A. , Larson Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMethodological reporting guidelines for studies of ERPs were updated in Psychophysiology in 2014. These guidelines facilitate the communication of key methodological parameters (e.g., preprocessing steps). Failing to report key parameters represents a barrier to replication efforts, and difficulty with replicability increases in the presence of small sample sizes and low statistical power. We assessed whether guidelines are followed and estimated the average sample size and power in recent research. Reporting behavior, sample sizes, and statistical designs were coded for 150 randomly sampled articles from five high‐impact journals that frequently published ERP research from 2011 to 2017. An average of 63% of guidelines were reported, and reporting behavior was similar across journals, suggesting that gaps in reporting is a shortcoming of the field rather than any specific journal. Publication of the guidelines article had no impact on reporting behavior, suggesting that editors and peer reviewers are not enforcing these recommendations. The average sample size per group was 21. Statistical power was conservatively estimated as .72‒.98 for a large effect size, .35‒.73 for a medium effect, and .10‒.18 for a small effect. These findings indicate that failing to report key guidelines is ubiquitous and that ERP studies are primarily powered to detect large effects. Such low power and insufficient following of reporting guidelines represent substantial barriers to replication efforts. The methodological transparency and replicability of studies can be improved by the open sharing of processing code and experimental tasks and by a priori sample size calculations to ensure adequately powered studies.
Evaluation of stress concentration of U‐shaped notch based on residual magnetic field measurements
Authors: Bao Sheng , Jin Pengfei , Zhao Zhengye , Luo Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this research, the correlation between the stress concentration and the residual magnetic field (RMF) of 30Cr steel was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the RMF signals on the surface of U‐shaped defect specimens. It was found that the tangential RMF signal at the defect area is correlated to the applied load and the stress concentration factor. A new method based on magnetic field to evaluate the stress concentration degree is proposed. This research provides a potential possibility for quantitative inspection of the stress concentration in ferromagnetic steels using the RMF measurements.
Human Factors Refinement of a Multimodal Laparoscopic Hand Tool
Authors: Garfield M. Robert , Privitera Mary Beth 
Published: July 2019

Laparoscopic surgery offers multiple clinical advantages over open surgical procedures. The rise in adoption of laparoscopic surgery brings with it unique human factors challenges for surgeons and device developers. The design of laparoscopic surgical tools requires specialized human factors analysis and ergonomic considerations to overcome these challenges. Often, this necessary ergonomic design refinement is a secondary effort after proof-of-concept engineering prototypes demonstrate technological feasibility.
In this paper, the evaluation and redesign of an engineering proof-of-concept multimodal hand tool, is presented. The baseline design, a three-in-one laparoscopic hand tool for liver resection, merged three distinct devices into one integrated solution for dissection, vessel sealing, and tissue cautery. The work described herein evolves the initial prototype using a multifaceted human factors analysis and design process. This included the use of operating room and laboratory contextual inquiry, simulated use studies, anthropometric underlays, an iterative design process, and expert reviews. The revised design reduced ulnar deviation based on directed hand position via design, provided dual grip options, added over-molded interaction points, incorporated end-effector rotation, and implemented a new handle and controls layout based on anthropometric underlays. The outcome reinforces the notion that human factors and industrial design principles are required elements of a successful user centered design process.