bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using variable‐rate selective excitation (VERSE) radiofrequency pulses to reduce power deposition in pulsed arterial spin labeling sequence at 7 Tesla
Authors: Serrai Hacene , Buch Sagar , Oran Omer , Menon Ravi S. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeArterial spin labeling (ASL) is an established noninvasive MRI technique used for cerebral blood flow measurement, which generally suffers from a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The use of ultra‐high fields to enhance sensitivity inevitably results in an increase in TR because of specific absorption rate (SAR) constraints, causing inadequate sampling of hemodynamic response in functional MRI, and adversely affecting concurrent measurement such as blood oxygen level dependent. To address this problem, variable‐rate selective excitation (VERSE) radiofrequency (RF) pulses were used.MethodsThe conventional (sinc) selective RF pulses of the Q2TIPS block in the PICORE pulsed ASL (PASL) sequence used for blood saturation were replaced by their equivalent VERSE RF waveforms. Nine healthy volunteers were scanned using the conventional and VERSE PASL sequences on a head‐only 7T scanner operating in parallel transmit mode.ResultsVERSE PASL sequence provides perfusion images similar to the conventional version, with comparable perfusion SNR (conventional, 3.33 ± 0.48; VERSE, 3.26 ± 0.55) and temporal SNR (conventional, 1.02 ± 0.20; VERSE, 1.05 ± 0.12) for TR = 3.5 seconds and 70 measurements. With shorter acquisition time (TR = 2.5 seconds), VERSE PASL sequence still provides similar results to those acquired using the conventional PASL sequence with longer TR = 3.5 seconds.ConclusionThe use of VERSE RF pulses in the Q2TIPS block of a PASL sequence allowed for the reduction of RF power deposition and, consequently, an increase in the temporal resolution and/or perfusion SNR.
Ultrafast magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using SPICE with learned subspaces
Authors: Lam Fan , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Clifford Bryan , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo develop a subspace learning method for the recently proposed subspace‐based MRSI approach known as SPICE, and achieve ultrafast 1H‐MRSI of the brain.Theory and MethodsA novel strategy is formulated to learn a low‐dimensional subspace representation of MR spectra from specially acquired training data and use the learned subspace for general MRSI experiments. Specifically, the subspace learning problem is formulated as learning “empirical” distributions of molecule‐specific spectral parameters (e.g., concentrations, lineshapes, and frequency shifts) by integrating physics‐based model and the training data. The learned spectral parameters and quantum mechanical simulation basis can then be combined to construct acquisition‐specific subspace for spatiospectral encoding and processing. High‐resolution MRSI acquisitions combining ultrashort‐TE/short‐TR excitation, sparse sampling, and the elimination of water suppression have been performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method.ResultsThe accuracy of the learned subspace and the capability of the proposed method in producing high‐resolution 3D 1H metabolite maps and high‐quality spatially resolved spectra (with a nominal resolution of ∼2.4 × 2.4 × 3 mm3 in 5 minutes) were demonstrated using phantom and in vivo studies. By eliminating water suppression, we are also able to extract valuable information from the water signals for data processing ( map, frequency drift, and coil sensitivity) as well as for mapping tissue susceptibility and relaxation parameters.ConclusionsThe proposed method enables ultrafast 1H‐MRSI of the brain using a learned subspace, eliminating the need of acquiring subject‐dependent navigator data (known as ) in the original SPICE technique. It represents a new way to perform MRSI experiments and an important step toward practical applications of high‐resolution MRSI.
Base‐Assisted Conversion of Protonated D‐Fructose to 5‐HMF: Searching for Gas‐Phase Green Models
Authors: Troiani Anna , de Petris Giulia , Pepi Federico , Garzoli Stefania , Salvitti Chiara , Rosi Marzio , Ricci Andreina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA gas‐phase investigation of the D‐fructose dehydration reaction in the presence of base has been performed by the joint application of mass spectrometric techniques and theoretical calculations. Protonated addition products of D‐fructose and base were generated in the gas phase by electrospray ionization using several bases of different proton affinity. The intermediates, products and decomposition channels were investigated by ion trap mass spectrometry. Electronic structure calculations allowed the identification of the ionic intermediates and products of a selected system containing NH3, helping to rationalize the observed reaction pathways. The obtained results show that the final product, the protonated 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldheyde [5‐HMF]H+, is better formed using selected bases and only if these remain clustered until the end of the dehydration process.
Alternate day fasting combined with a low‐carbohydrate diet for weight loss, weight maintenance, and metabolic disease risk reduction
Authors: Kalam Faiza , Gabel Kelsey , Cienfuegos Sofia , Wiseman Eric , Ezpeleta Mark , Steward Malik , Pavlou Vasiliki , Varady Krista A. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryObjectiveAlternate day fasting (ADF) is a popular weight loss regimen. Whether carbohydrate restriction can enhance the weight loss achieved with ADF remains unclear. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of ADF combined with a low‐carbohydrate diet on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors.MethodsAdults with obesity (n = 31) participated in ADF (600 kcal “fast day” alternated with an ad libitum “feast day”) with a low‐carbohydrate background diet (30% carbohydrates, 35% protein, and 35% fat). The 6‐month trial consisted of a 3‐month weight loss period followed by a 3‐month weight maintenance period.ResultsBody weight decreased (−5.5 ± 0.5%; P < .001) during the weight loss period (month 0‐3) but remained stable (P = .57) during the weight maintenance period (month 4‐6). Net weight loss by month 6 was −6.3 ± 1.0%. Fat mass was reduced (P < .01) by month 6, while lean mass and visceral fat mass remained unchanged. Total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels decreased (P < .05) by −6 ± 2% and − 8 ± 3%, respectively, by month 6. Systolic blood pressure was also reduced (P = .03) by −7 ± 3 mm Hg. Fasting insulin decreased (P = .03) by −24 ± 8% by month 6 relative to baseline. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) remained unchanged.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ADF combined with a low‐carbohydrate diet is effective for weight loss, weight maintenance, and improving certain metabolic disease risk factors such as LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting insulin. While these preliminary findings are promising, they still require confirmation by a randomized control trial.
Exponential Integration of the Linear Assignment Flow
Authors: Zeilmann Alexander , Savarino Fabrizio , Petra Stefania , Schnörr Christoph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe introduce the linear assignment flow as an approximation of the full nonlinear assignment flow, which is a method for contextual data labeling on arbitrary graphs. The linear assignment flow is a dynamical system evolving on the tangent space of a statistical manifold. It is numerically determined using exponential integrators and Krylov subspace approximation, for which we provide error estimates. The approximation property of the linear assignment flow is illustrated by a numerical experiment. This work is supplemented by two papers on variational modeling and unsupervised labeling [1].
Effectiveness of two‐drug therapy versus monotherapy as initial regimen in hypertension: A propensity score‐matched cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Marinier Karine , Macouillard Pauline , de Champvallins Martine , Deltour Nicolas , Poulter Neil , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare the effectiveness on blood pressure (BP) of initial two‐drug therapy versus monotherapy in hypertensive patients.MethodsUsing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics, we identified a cohort of adults with uncontrolled hypertension, initiating one or two antihypertensive drug classes between 2006 and 2014. New users of two drugs and monotherapy were matched 1:2 by propensity score. Main exposure was “as‐treated,” ie, until first regimen change. Primary and secondary endpoints were systolic and diastolic BP control and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), respectively. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf 54 523 eligible patients, 3256 (6.0%) were initiated to a two‐drug combination. Of these, 2807 were matched to 5614 monotherapy users. Mean exposure duration was 12.7 months, with 76.5% patients changing their initial regimen. Two‐drug therapy was associated with a clinically significant BP control increase in all hypertensive patients (HR = 1.17 [95%CI: 1.09‐1.26]), more so in patients with grade 2‐3 hypertension (HR = 1.28 [1.17‐1.41]). An increase of 27% in BP control (HR = 1.27 [1.08‐1.49]) was observed in patients initiating an ACEi+CCB combination compared with initiators of either single class. No significant association was found between two‐drug therapy and MACE. Several sensitivity analyses confirmed the main findings.ConclusionsFew patients initiated therapy with two drugs, reflecting UK guidelines' recommendation to start with monotherapy. This study supports the greater effectiveness of two‐drug therapy as the initial regimen for BP control.
Identification of potential drug name confusion errors in the Sentinel System
Authors: Cocoros Noelle M. , Haynes Kevin , Her Qoua , Cosgrove Austin , Dee Elizabeth , Lin Nancy D. , Tu Chi‐Ming , Ding Yulan , Nguyen Michael , Toh Sengwee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeIn July 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a drug safety communication regarding errors in prescribing and dispensing of the antidepressant Brintellix (vortioxetine) and the antiplatelet Brilinta (ticagrelor) that arose due to proprietary drug name confusion. Brintellix is indicated for major depressive disorder; Brilinta is indicated to reduce cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or history of myocardial infarction. Brintellix was renamed to Trintellix in May 2016. Using Brilinta and Brintellix as a proof‐of‐concept feasibility use case, we assessed whether drug name confusion errors between the pair could be identified in electronic health care data via the combination of a claims‐based algorithm and limited manual claims data review.MethodsUsing data from the Sentinel System, we defined potential errors as Brintellix users without an on‐ or off‐label indication for Brintellix, without a dispensing for a drug with the same indications as Brintellix, and with an on‐ or off‐label indication for Brilinta between −365 and +30 days after index Brintellix dispensing; the reverse was done for Brilinta. We manually reviewed claims profiles of potential cases.ResultsWe identified 27 (0.1%) potential errors among 21 208 Brintellix users; 16 appeared to be likely errors based on claims profile review. Fifty‐one (0.3%) of the 16 779 Brilinta users were identified as potential errors, and four appeared to be likely errors.ConclusionsA claims‐based algorithm combined with manual review of claims profiles could identify potential drug name confusion errors, and narrow down likely errors that warrant further investigation.
Auxin promotion of seedling growth via ARF5 is dependent on the brassinosteroid‐regulated transcription factors BES1 and BEH4
Authors: Galstyan Anahit , Nemhauser Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeedlings must continually calibrate their growth in response to the environment. Auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that work together to control growth responses during photomorphogenesis. We used our previous analysis of promoter architecture in an auxin and BR target gene to guide our investigation into the broader molecular bases and biological relevance of transcriptional co‐regulation by these hormones. We found that the auxin‐regulated transcription factor Auxin Responsive Factor 5 (ARF5) and the brassinosteroid‐regulated transcription factor BRI1‐EMS‐Suppressor 1/Brassinazole Resistant 2 (BES1) co‐regulated a subset of growth‐promoting genes via conserved bipartite cis‐regulatory elements. Moreover, ARF5 binding to DNA could be enriched by increasing BES1 levels. The evolutionary loss of bipartite elements in promoters results in loss of hormone responsiveness. We also identified another member of the BES1/BZR1 family called BEH4 that acts partially redundantly with BES1 to regulate seedling growth. Double mutant analysis showed that BEH4 and not BZR1 were required alongside BES1 for normal auxin response during early seedling development. We propose that an ARF5‐BES1/BEH4 transcriptional module acts to promote growth via modulation of a diverse set of growth‐associated genes.
Peer‐to‐peer connections: Perceptions of a social support app designed for young adults with cancer
Authors: Lazard Allison J. , Saffer Adam J. , Horrell Lindsey , Benedict Catherine , Love Brad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveSocial support is a critical, yet frequently unmet, need among young adults (YAs) with cancer. YAs desire age‐appropriate resources to connect with peers. Peer‐to‐peer mobile apps are promising interventions to provide social support. Peer‐to‐peer apps will be more effective if development incorporates users' input for whether app designs (look and function) afford meaningful connections.MethodsWe interviewed 22 YAs to assess perceptions of a peer‐to‐peer app at a YA cancer convention in April 2017.ResultsParticipants were an average age of 29, mostly female (77%), white (73%), and well educated (68% with 4‐year college degree or higher). Most participants expressed interested in using an app to connect with YAs, but preferences varied by prevalence or rarity of one's cancer diagnosis. YAs shared trade‐offs for profile anonymity versus profiles with more personal information, requests for filter options to connect for varying support needs, and desires for tailored messaging and chat room features (eg, topic‐specific and search capabilities).ConclusionFindings demonstrate the promise of apps to fulfill YA cancer survivors' unmet peer support needs and provide guidance for app optimization.Clinical implicationsPeer‐to‐peer support apps should be designed so users can control their identity and customize features for meaningful connections.
An interval probability‐based FMEA model for risk assessment: A real‐world case
Authors: Ouyang Linhan , Zheng Wei , Zhu Yige , Zhou Xiaojian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFailure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is an effective quality tool to eliminate the risks and enhance the stability and safety in the fields of manufacturing and service industry. Nevertheless, the conventional FMEA has been criticized for its drawbacks in the evaluation process of risk factors or the determination of risk priority number (RPN), which may lead to inaccurate evaluation results. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a novel FMEA method based on rough set and interval probability theories. The rough set theory is adopted to manipulate the subjectivity and uncertainty of experts' assessment and convert the evaluation values of risk factors into interval numbers. Meanwhile, the interval exponential RPN (ERPN) is used to replace the traditional RPN due to its superior properties, eg, solving the problems of duplicate numbers and discontinuity of RPN values. Furthermore, an interval probability comparison method is proposed to rank the risk priority of each failure mode for avoiding the information loss in the calculation process of RPN. Finally, a real case study is presented, and the comparison analysis among different FMEA methods is conducted to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA method.
Drivers and barriers for implementation and improvement of Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Narimissa Omid , Kangarani‐Farahani Ali , Molla‐Alizadeh‐Zavardehi Saber 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) is a strategic concern for organizations to achieve a sustainable future. Various organizations seek to implement SSCM to achieve their competitive advantage. One of the important implementation activities is the identification of drivers and barriers of strategy implementation, which has been a focus area for scholars. The purpose of this paper is to identify key drivers and barriers to creating and improving sustainability in the Iranian oil and gas supply chain. However, a distinct focus on the oil industry has been the subject of limited previous attention. This study is planned to recognize and prioritize the drivers and barriers for implementation of SSCM in Iranian oil context. These drivers and barriers are presented in a form of a conceptual framework. A comprehensive literary review using metasynthesis is used to identify a number of drivers and barriers that identifies 112 drivers and 41 barriers and then evaluates using the Delphi three‐round study. The evaluation process involves 30 supply chain management experts from oil companies, and the analysis showed the important drivers and barriers for consideration in SSCM implementation. The proposed drivers and barriers enable the oil supply chain manager to identify appropriate strategies for deploying and improving SSCM implementation in the company. This study would expand the scope of SSCM research in the context of oil. In addition, the identification of drivers and barriers would be useful for industrial decision makers, policy planners, and strategic managers to recognize a set of related hurdles for effective SSCM implementation.
Drawing Inspiration From American Indian Student Success Frameworks: The Role of Family
Authors: Nguyen Thai‐Huy , Gutierrez Rose Ann E. , Kahnekakʌ:lé: Aregano Patrisha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides background on Tribal Colleges and Universities, an exploration of three frameworks that capture the important role of “family” in the success of American Indian students, and recommendations for helping institutions think differently about their structures and processes.
Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions: The Importance of External Coalition‐Building for Supporting Internal Collaboration
Authors: Alcantar Cynthia M. , Nguyen Bach Mai Dolly , Maramba Dina C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter highlights opportunities for Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions to develop and utilize external partnerships to inform the development of internal collaboration between academic and student affairs to better serve targeted student populations.
Global adaptation governance: An emerging but contested domain
Authors: Persson Åsa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdaptation to climate change has steadily risen on global policy agendas and entered a new era with the 2015 Paris Agreement, which established a global goal on adaptation. While this goal responds to calls to strengthen global governance of adaptation, it has not yet been operationalized. Further, few studies take stock of current global adaptation governance to inform the implementation of the goal. Against this background this review asks: To what extent is there global governance of climate change adaptation? Can it be characterized as a strong domain of global governance? In what ways is it contested? Global adaptation governance is defined here as occurring when state and non‐state actors in the global (including transnational) sphere authoritatively and intentionally shape the actions of constituents towards climate change adaptation as a public goal. Although empirical evidence is scant, it is proposed here that global adaptation governance is indeed emerging. Yet, its further strengthening appears contested. First, measurement of progress towards adaptation as a public goal at the global level is severely challenged by the ambiguity of adaptation and the lack of distinct metrics. Second, the lack of a clear global‐level problem‐framing, or recognition of adaptation as a global public good, has meant limited legitimacy of global governance initiatives. A consequence of contestation is that governance forms and functions used so far have not been authoritative in how they seek to shape actions. The review concludes by identifying research needs for advancing science and policy on adaptation.This article is categorized under:Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Direct determination of mineral nutrients in soybean leaves under vivo conditions by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Tadeu Costa Junior Geovani , Nunes Lidiane Cristina , Feresin Gomes Marcos Henrique , de Almeida Eduardo , Pereira de Carvalho Hudson Wallace 
Published: September 2019

A portable energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer furnished with an Rh X‐ray tube was evaluated for the determination of macronutrients and micronutrients in soybean leaves (Glycine max L.). XRF instrumental parameters were optimized in a univariate way, and emission intensities were measured for 60 s and under vacuum for macronutrients, and during 180 s, under air, and 305 μm Al/25.4 μm Ti filter, for micronutrients. Fresh and dried leaves were irradiated, and it was possible to identify P, K, Ca, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn Kα emission lines. For comparative purpose, the samples were also microwave assisted, digested and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In general, linear correlations between K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the tested samples and the corresponding portable XRF (pXRF) intensities were obtained. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.42 to 0.86. In addition, the detection limits were suitable for plant nutrient diagnosis. It is demonstrated that pXRF is a simple and powerful tool for analysis of plant materials.
Longitudinal analysis of dementia diagnosis and specialty care among racially diverse Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Drabo Emmanuel Fulgence , Barthold Douglas , Joyce Geoffrey , Ferido Patricia , Chang Chui Helena , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is insufficient understanding of diagnosis of etiologic dementia subtypes and contact with specialized dementia care among older Americans.MethodsWe quantified dementia diagnoses and subsequent health care over five years by etiologic subtype and physician specialty among Medicare beneficiaries with incident dementia diagnosis in 2008/09 (226,604 persons/714,015 person‐years).ResultsEighty‐five percent of people were diagnosed by a nondementia specialist physician. Use of dementia specialists within one year (22%) and five years (36%) of diagnosis was low. “Unspecified” dementia diagnosis was common, higher among those diagnosed by nondementia specialists (33.2%) than dementia specialists (21.6%). Half of diagnoses were Alzheimer's disease.DiscussionAscertainment of etiologic dementia subtype may inform hereditary risk and facilitate financial and care planning. Use of dementia specialty care was low, particularly for Hispanics and Asians, and associated with more detection of etiological subtype. Dementia‐related professional development for nonspecialists is urgent given their central role in dementia diagnosis and care.