bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of bacterial resistance in lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: secondary analysis of a multicentre European trial
Authors: Teepe Jolien , Broekhuizen Berna DL , Goossens Herman , Hordijk Patricia Marinka , Loens Katherine , Lammens Christine , Ieven Margareta , Little Paul , Butler Chris C , Coenen Samuel , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Verheij Theo JM ,   on behalf of the GRACE consortium
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care is largely unknown.AimTo determine the illness course of infections with resistant bacteria in adults presenting to primary care with acute cough.Design and settingSecondary analysis of a multicentre European trial in primary care.MethodA total of 2061 adults with acute cough (lasting ≤28 days) were recruited from primary care and randomised to amoxicillin or placebo. To reflect the natural course of disease, only patients in the placebo group (n = 1021) were eligible. Nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and/or sputa (when available) were analysed at baseline and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates underwent susceptibility testing. Patients recorded their symptoms in a diary every day for 4 weeks. Patients with and without resistant bacterial infection were compared with regards to symptom severity, duration of symptoms, worsening of illness, and duration of interference with normal activities or work.ResultsOf the 834 patients with diary records, 104 showed S. pneumoniae and/or H. influenzae infection. Of this number, 54 (52%) were resistant to antibiotics, while seven (7%) were resistant to penicillin. For the duration of symptoms rated ‘moderately bad or worse’ (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 2.44), mean symptom severity (difference −0.48, 95% CI = −1.17 to 0.21), and worsening of illness (odds ratio 0.31, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.41), there was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive groups.ConclusionThe illness course of antibiotic-resistant lower respiratory tract infection does not differ from that caused by antibiotic-sensitive bacteria.
Multi-phenomena Modeling of the New Bullet-like Cluster ZwCl 008.8+52 Using N-body/Hydrodynamical Simulations
Authors: Molnar S. M. , Broadhurst T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We use N-body/hydrodynamical simulations to interpret the newly discovered Bullet-Cluster-like merging cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215 (ZwCl008 hereafter), where a dramatic collision is apparent from multiwavelength observations. We have been able to find a self-consistent solution for the radio, X-ray, and lensing phenomena by projecting an off-axis, binary cluster encounter viewed just after first core passage. A pair of radio relics traces the leading (bow) and trailing (back) shock fronts that our simulation predicts, providing constraints on the collision parameters. We can also account for the observed distinctive comet-like X-ray morphology and the positions of the X-ray peaks relative to the two lensing mass centroids and the location of the well-defined bow shock. Relative to the Bullet Cluster, the total mass is about 70% lower, ∼1.2 × 1015
M
⊙, with a correspondingly lower infall velocity, ∼1800 km s−1, and an impact parameter of P ∼ 400 kpc. As a result, the gas component of the infalling cluster is not trailing significantly behind the associated dark matter as in the case of the Bullet Cluster.
Analysing disability policy in Namibia: An occupational justice perspective
Authors: Chichaya Tongai F. , Joubert Robin W.E. , McColl Mary Ann 
Published: July 2018

Background: The Namibian disability policy of 1997 has not been reviewed for about 20 years, which has raised concerns with persons with disabilities and stakeholders in the fields of disability and rehabilitation. In March 2017, the government publicised its intention to review the policy. Thus, this study’s purpose was to generate evidence that can contribute to the development of a more current disability policy that will promote occupational justice.Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop an alternative disability policy option for Namibia and to present outcomes and trade-offs using a policy analysis approach while applying the occupational justice framework to gather evidence.Method: A qualitative research design and Bardach’s eightfold path approach to policy analysis were used. Critical disability theory provided the theoretical framework. The occupational justice framework was the conceptual framework for the study. Evidence from preceding phases of this study and appropriate literature was utilised to construct possible disability policy alternatives in Namibia, set evaluative criteria, project outcomes and confront trade-offs.Results: Three main disability policy alternatives emerged: access policy, support policy and universal coverage policy. Access policy had the fewest trade-offs, and the support policy had the most trade-offs in the Namibian context. Access policy was projected to foster occupational participation among persons with disabilities.Conclusion: Results have implications for selecting disability policy alternatives that promote occupational participation and justice among persons with disabilities in Namibia. Furthermore, the study has implications for advancing the practice of occupational justice in disability policy formulation.
A survey of plants used by rural small-scale farmers to control pests of cabbage in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Skenjana Nolitha L. , Poswal Maxwell A. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Resource-poor small-scale farmers often cannot afford the high prices of chemical insecticides to control pests on crops; as a result, some use botanical insecticides. Aim: The aim of the study was to document ethnobotanical pest control methods used by rural small-scale farmers to control pests of cabbage in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Setting: 217 rural small-scale crop-producing farmers from 14 towns in the Amathole, Joe Gqabi, Alfred Nzo, Chris Hani and OR Tambo Districts participated in the study. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to consenting farmers between July and November in 2012, using the convenience and stratified purposive sampling techniques. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The majority of farmers using botanical insecticides were females above the age of 60 years. The farmers identified 23 plants, which they use in their pest control strategies against seven pests of cabbage. The annual herb Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) was cited as the most commonly used herb by 47% of the respondents, followed by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiceae), Aloe ferox Mills. (Asphodelaceae) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae). Various plant parts were used in combinations or alone in the preparation of formulations mainly against aphids, cutworms and the diamondback moth. Conclusion: The plants, plant parts, combinations and formulations used by farmers in their cabbage pest control strategies need to be scientifically authenticated for efficacy.
Clima de segurança em centro cirúrgico: validação de um questionário para o cenário brasileiro
Authors: Lourenção Daniela Campos de Andrade , Tronchin Daisy Maria Rizatto 
Published: July 2018

Validar a versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire/Operating Room Version para o contexto brasileiro. Estudo metodológico de validação das propriedades psicométricas do questionário adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. A amostra correspondeu a 590 profissionais de saúde atuantes em centro cirúrgico, de quatro hospitais brasileiros, coletando-se os dados de maio a agosto de 2014. A validação de constructo ocorreu pela análise fatorial exploratória e a confiabilidade pelo alpha de Cronbach. A análise originou um questionário com 40 assertivas alocadas em seis domínios: clima de segurança, percepção da gerência, percepção do estresse, condição do trabalho, comunicação no ambiente cirúrgico e percepção do desempenho profissional. A versão adaptada mostrou-se confiável, obtendo o valor geral do alpha de Cronbach de 0,87 e entre os domínios, o alpha variou de 0,59 a 0,87.Esta pesquisa permitiu validar um instrumento passível de avaliar o clima de segurança em centro cirúrgico.
Posthuman Imagination: From Modernity to Augmented Reality
Authors: Wellner Galit 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIs human imagination a stable faculty that operates the same way across generations? Do we produce new ideas and new images in the same way as our ancestors? In this article, I seek to show how imagination has been transformed in the passage from the twentieth century to the twenty-first, how it reflects the technologies of the relevant periods, and how it is shaped by these technologies. My claim is that modern imagination consists of searching after new points of view, as reflected in the operations of photography and cinema. It follows Heidegger’s concept of “world picture” and it is demonstrated by Walter Benjamin’s work on mechanical reproduction. Contemporary imagination, which I term posthuman imagination, functions in layers presented over the real, similarly to augmented reality technologies. My notion of posthuman imagination is based on the theories of Don Ihde and N. Katherine Hayles, according to which our bodily perceptions are technologically saturated and our cognition is computationally distributed between humans and nonhumans.
A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions
Authors: Harvey Nathan T. , Wood Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2018

Context.—Melanocytic lesions are common in routine surgical pathology. Although the majority of these lesions can be confidently diagnosed using well-established morphologic criteria, there is a significant subset of lesions that can be diagnostically difficult. These can be a source of anxiety for patients, clinicians, and pathologists, and the potential consequences of a missed diagnosis of melanoma are serious.Objective.—To provide a practical approach to the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, including classic problem areas as well as suggestions for common challenges and appropriate incorporation of ancillary molecular techniques.Data Sources.—Literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar, incorporating numerous search terms relevant to the particular section, combined with contemporaneous texts and lessons from personal experience.Conclusions.—Although a subset of melanocytic lesions can be diagnostically challenging, the combination of a methodical approach to histologic assessment, knowledge of potential diagnostic pitfalls, opinions from trusted colleagues, and judicious use of ancillary techniques can help the pathologist navigate this difficult area.
Using a Multitheory Model to Predict Initiation and Sustenance of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among College Students
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Stephens Philip M. , Nahar Vinayak K. , Catalano Hannah Priest , Lingam Vimala C. , Ford M. Allison 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables offers numerous health benefits. However, many college students do not consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables daily.

Objective
To predict change in fruit and vegetable consumption behavior among college students who were not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables using the multitheory model (MTM) of behavior change.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a 38-item face-, content-, and construct-valid survey was sent to college students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Students were included in the analysis if they were aged at least 18 years and ate less than 5 cups of fruits and vegetables per day. The survey was broken into sections based on the MTM constructs of initiation of behavior change (participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, and changes in physical environment) and sustenance of behavior change (emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment). Stepwise multiple regression was conducted to predict behavior change regarding fruit and vegetable consumption.

Results
Of the 5000 potential respondents, 175 completed the survey and were included in the analysis. Behavioral confidence and changes in physical environment were statistically significant predictors of the intention to initiate fruit and vegetable consumption (F
2,173=59.700; P<.001) and accounted for 40.2% of the variance. Emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment were statistically significant predictors for the intention to sustain fruit and vegetable consumption (F
3,171=26.374; P<.001) and accounted for 30.4% of the variance.

Conclusion
Survey results showed that the MTM is a useful framework for designing behavior change interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among college students.
Diabetes Fellowship in Primary Care: A Survey of Graduates
Authors: Healy Amber M. , Tanenberg Robert J. , Schwartz Frank L. , Shubrook Jay H. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
The diabetes pandemic has outpaced the US supply of diabetes specialists and has overwhelmed primary care providers (physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners). Primary care diabetes fellowships can be used to address this workforce shortage.

Objectives
To determine the skills obtained during 2 diabetes fellowship programs, the barriers encountered in practice, the impact of the programs on career paths, and perceived acceptance by patients and colleagues.

Methods
A Qualtrics link to a 26-item survey was sent via email to all graduates of the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine diabetes fellowship programs. Items included demographic information, comfort level with different clinical diabetes skills, and current system barriers encountered in their practices.

Results
Of 39 graduates, 36 completed the survey. The most beneficial skills acquired during the fellowship were insulin pump management (13 [36%]), insulin management (10 [29%]), and diabetes pharmacology (6 [17%]). The most common barrier was the lack of board certification as a diabetologist, which affected time with patients and insurance reimbursement. The perceived acceptance by patients was high (25 [69%]), and the perceived receptiveness by colleagues was mostly neutral (7 [19%]) or positive (10 [29%]). The most common postfellowship career path was primary care medicine (15) followed by hospitalist (7) and diabetologist (5).

Conclusion
Physicians who completed the diabetes fellowship training reported high comfort levels with treating patients with diabetes, but they also reported the barriers faced in an unrecognized specialty.
More of the same: allopatric humpback whale populations share acoustic repertoire
Authors: Fournet Michelle E.H. , Jacobsen Lauren , Gabriele Christine M. , Mellinger David K. , Klinck Holger 
Published: July 2018

Background
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a widespread, vocal baleen whale best known for producing song, a complex, repetitive, geographically distinct acoustic signal sung by males, predominantly in a breeding context. Humpback whales worldwide also produce non-song vocalizations (“calls”) throughout their migratory range, some of which are stable across generations.

Methods
We looked for evidence that temporally stable call types are shared by two allopatric humpback whale populations while on their northern hemisphere foraging grounds in order to test the hypothesis that some calls, in strong contrast to song, are innate within the humpback whale acoustic repertoire.

Results
Despite being geographically and genetically distinct populations, humpback whales in Southeast Alaska (North Pacific Ocean) share at least five call types with conspecifics in Massachusetts Bay (North Atlantic Ocean).

Discussion
This study is the first to identify call types shared by allopatric populations, and provides evidence that some call types may be innate.
Fully Transparent p‐MoTe2 2D Transistors Using Ultrathin MoOx/Pt Contact Media for Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Source/Drain
Authors: Cho Yongjae , Park Ji Hoon , Kim Minju , Jeong Yeonsu , Ahn Jongtae , Kim Taeyoung , Choi Hyunyong , Yi Yeonjin , Im Seongil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors are found as 2D van der Waals materials with a discrete energy bandgap, many 2D‐like thin field effect transistors (FETs) and PN diodes are reported as prototype electrical and optoelectronic devices. As a potential application of display electronics, transparent 2D FET devices are also reported recently. Such transparent 2D FETs are very few in report, yet no p‐type channel 2D‐like FETs are seen. Here, 2D‐like thin transparent p‐channel MoTe2 FETs with oxygen (O2) plasma‐induced MoOx/Pt/indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) contact are reported for the first time. For source/drain contact, 60 s short O2 plasma and ultrathin Pt‐deposition processes on MoTe2 surface are sequentially introduced before ITO thin film deposition and patterning. As a result, almost transparent 2D FETs are obtained with a decent mobility of ≈5 cm2 V−1 s−1, a high ON/OFF current ratio of ≈105, and 70% transmittance. In particular, for normal MoTe2 FETs without ITO, O2 plasma process greatly improves the hole injection efficiency and device mobility (≈60 cm2 V−1 s−1), introducing ultrathin MoOx between Pt source/drain and MoTe2. As a final device application, a photovoltaic current modulator, where the transparent FET stably operates as gated by photovoltaic effects, is integrated.
Ionic Skin with Biomimetic Dielectric Layer Templated from Calathea Zebrine Leaf
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Wan Yongbiao , Zhou Wohua , Yang Jingyi , Yang Junlong , Huang Jun , Zhang Jianming , Liu Qingxian , Huang Siya , Bai Ningning , Wu Zhigang , Hong Wei , Wang Hong , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlexible electronic skins (e‐skins) with high sensitivity and broad‐range pressure sensing are highly desired in artificial intelligence, and human–machine interaction. Capacitive‐type e‐skins have a simple configuration, but the change in dimensions of the dielectric layer is often quite limited, although introducing surface microstructures might improve the sensitivity in some extent. Moreover, such surface structures typically require costly microfabrication methods to fabricate. Here, a low‐cost microstructured ionic gel (MIG) with uniform cone‐like surface microstructures for high‐performance capacitive e‐skins is reported. The MIG film is templated from a Calathea zebrine leaf using soft lithography, and sandwiched by two flexible electrodes. The device exhibits a low limit of detection down to 0.1 Pa, a ultrahigh sensitivity of 54.31 kPa−1 in the low pressure regime (<0.5 kPa), and the sensitivity keeps larger than 1 kPa−1 over a broad‐range pressure from 0.1 Pa to 115 kPa. Electric double layers (EDL) form on both the top and bottom interfaces, and the area of EDL of the rough interface increases as the cones are compressed. Such ionic skins with biomimetic gel templated Calathea zebrine leaf allow for sensitive tactile sensing in the applications of human–machine interaction.
Significant Strain‐Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation
Authors: Feng Chun , Wang Shiru , Yin Li , Li Xujing , Yao Mingke , Yang Feng , Tang Xiaolei , Wang Lei , Mi Wenbo , Yu Guanghua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDynamical manipulation of oxygen ion (O2−) at metal/oxide heterointerfaces is widely demonstrated to tailor numerous physical and chemical properties and facilitate creating novel functionalities significantly. The traditional works mainly focus on electric control of O2− dynamical behavior and related interface characteristics. Here, an alternative strategy is reported to modulate O2− transport and interfacial magnetism via a significant strain induced by shape memory effect, which is different from the conventional magnetoelastic coupling mechanism. By driving the martensite to austenite transition in TiNi(Nb) shape memory alloy substrates, a significant and tunable strain is exerted on Pt/Co/MgO heterostructure, which promotes interfacial O2− migration in a nonvolatile manner. The O2− migration induces an orbital reconstruction of Co to tune the orbital magnetism noticeably, which strengthens the interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy by two times to a striking value of 0.95 erg cm−2. Besides, the overall magnetic anisotropy is broadly tunable from in‐plane to perpendicular direction by an elaborate strain engineering with changing Co thickness. This work develops a nonelectrical oxygen manipulation for tailoring ion‐controlled interfacial properties universally and also clarifies the magnetoionic coupling origin for enriching the oxygen‐related orbital physics and functional device applications.
Programmed Deformations of 3D‐Printed Tough Physical Hydrogels with High Response Speed and Large Output Force
Authors: Zheng Si Yu , Shen Yangyang , Zhu Fengbo , Yin Jun , Qian Jin , Fu Jianzhong , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractShape‐morphing hydrogels have emerging applications in biomedical devices, soft robotics, and so on. However, successful applications require a combination of excellent mechanical properties and fast responding speed, which are usually a trade‐off in hydrogel‐based devices. Here, a facile approach to fabricate 3D gel constructs by extrusion‐based printing of tough physical hydrogels, which show programmable deformations with high response speed and large output force, is described. Highly viscoelastic poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (P(AAc‐co‐AAm)) and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (P(AAc‐co‐NIPAm)) solutions or their mixtures are printed into 3D constructs by using multiple nozzles, which are then transferred into FeCl3 solution to gel the structures by forming robust carboxyl–Fe3+ coordination complexes. The printed gel fibers containing poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) segment exhibit considerable volume contraction in concentrated saline solution, whereas the P(AAc‐co‐AAm) ones do not contract. The mismatch in responsiveness of the gel fibers affords the integrated 3D gel constructs the shape‐morphing ability. Because of the small diameter of gel fibers, the printed gel structures deform and recover with a fast speed. A four‐armed gripper is designed to clamp plastic balls with considerable holding force, as large as 115 times the weight of the gripper. This strategy should be applicable to other tough hydrogels and broaden their applications.