bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh adaptation framework for embedded boundary methods for computational fluid dynamics and fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Borker Raunak , Huang Daniel , Grimberg Sebastian , Farhat Charbel , Avery Philip , Rabinovitch Jason 
Published: March 2019

SummaryEmbedded Boundary Methods (EBMs) are often preferred for the solution of Fluid‐Structure Interaction (FSI) problems because they are reliable for large structural motions/deformations and topological changes. For viscous flow problems, however, they do not track the boundary layers that form around embedded obstacles and therefore do not maintain them resolved. Hence, an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) framework for EBMs is proposed in this paper. It is based on computing the distance from an edge of the embedding computational fluid dynamics mesh to the nearest embedded discrete surface and on satisfying the y+ requirements. It is also equipped with a Hessian‐based criterion for resolving flow features such as shocks, vortices, and wakes and with load balancing for achieving parallel efficiency. It performs mesh refinement using a parallel version of the newest vertex bisection method to maintain mesh conformity. Hence, while it is sufficiently comprehensive to support many discretization methods, it is particularly attractive for vertex‐centered finite volume schemes where dual cells tend to complicate the mesh adaptation process. Using the EBM known as FIVER, this AMR framework is verified for several academic FSI problems. Its potential for realistic FSI applications is also demonstrated with the simulation of a challenging supersonic parachute inflation dynamics problem.
Conjugate heat transfer from a circular cylinder to a power‐law non‐Newtonian fluid
Authors: Asnaashari Majid , Tohidi Amir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, conjugate heat transfer from a circular cylinder with a heat source to a non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid is studied. Numerical calculations are carried out in an unconfined computational domain for Reynolds numbers (), power‐law indices (), and Prandtl numbers () with different heat source values. The pressure coefficient, value, and position of maximum temperature inside the cylinder and the local and average Nusselt number are calculated. Also, the effects of
Re,
Pr,
n, and heat source value on the thermal characteristics in the solid cylinder and the fluid around it are studied and discussed.
Experimental investigation on the effect of photovoltaic panel partially and fully submerged in water
Authors: Madhu Balasubramanian , Balasubramanian Esakki , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , El‐Agouz El‐Sayed , Muthu Manokar Athikesavan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents an experimental analysis of improving the thermal, electrical efficiency, and yield of a conventional solar still (CSS). The photovoltaic (PV) efficiency decreases with increase in water depth inside the basin while the still efficiency is higher in the case of fully submerged condition. The maximum water production was about 8 kg/m
2/day with PV under fully submerged condition; and during off‐shine hours the still efficiency was higher when compared with the partially submerged condition. Similarly, with a decrease in water temperature the panel efficiency is increases. The maximum hourly water production with and without the PV was found to be 1.3 and 0.45 kg/m
2, respectively. The main outcome of this study is that this mechanism can be used in isolated locations where there is a scarcity of current and distilled water.
Perinatal complications are associated with social anxiety: Indirect effects through temperament
Authors: Suarez Gabriela L. , Morales Santiago , Metcalf Kelly , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe current investigation examines the relation between perinatal complications and social anxiety incorporating the potential indirect effect of child temperament. Participants were 149 children aged 9 to 12 years (Mage = 9.97, SDage = 1.00) screened for behavioural inhibition (BI) and assessed for social anxiety symptoms using parent and child reports. Participating families also reported on the presence of perinatal complications. Results indicated that children who experienced perinatal complications were higher in BI and social anxiety than were children who did not experience complications. Furthermore, there was an indirect effect between perinatal complications and social anxiety via BI. These findings provide further support for the established relation between perinatal complications and anxiety and demonstrate, for the first time, that this relation may be mediated by temperament, setting the stage for longitudinal analyses.Highlights

Perinatal complications were associated with increased social anxiety and fearful temperament (i.e., behavioral inhibition).
The relation between perinatal complications and social anxiety may be mediated by children's fearful temperament.
Results support the established relation between perinatal complications and anxiety and show that this relation may be mediated by temperament.
Long noncoding RNA TM1P3 is involved in osteoarthritis by mediating chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation
Authors: Li Yufei , Li Zuowei , Li Chunyun , Zeng Yuelin , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOsteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and is the leading cause of physical disability. Noncoding RNAs, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs, are involved in the degradation of the chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with OA. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of lncRNA and miR‐22 on the degradation of the chondrocyte ECM and underlying mechanisms.MethodsTo simulate conditions found in OA, primary cultured chondrocytes were treated with IL‐1, TGF‐β, or sb525334. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect expressions of miR‐22, lncRNA‐TM1P3, ALK1, MMP13, pSMAD1/5, SMAD1, and pSMAD5. Small interfering RNAs and a miR‐22 mimic or inhibitor were utilized to determine lncRNA‐TM1P3 knockdown and miR‐22 overexpression or inhibition.ResultsThe lncRNA‐TM1P3 significantly upregulated in patients with OA, accompanied by the downregulation of miR‐22 and upregulation of pSMAD1/5 and MMP13, which ultimately resulted in the degradation of the chondrocyte ECM in patients with OA. Bioinformatics analysis predicted miR‐22 as a target of both lncRNA‐TM1P3 and MMP13. The lncRNA‐TM1P3 knockdown significantly increased the expression of ALK1, a corresponding increase in ECM degradation was observed by affecting the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5 and the expression of MMP13, which did not affect the expression of ALK1.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated that the lncRNA‐TM1P3/miR‐22/TGF‐β signaling/MMP13 axis is involved in the degradation of chondrocyte ECM in patients with OA, which could provide novel therapies for OA treatment.
Engagement of vimentin intermediate filaments in hypotonic stress
Authors: Li Jian , Gao Wei , Zhang Yue , Cheng Fang , Eriksson John E. , Etienne‐Manneville Sandrine , Jiu Yaming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) play a key role in the control of cell structure and morphology, cell mechano‐responses, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms regulating IFs organization in motile adhesive cells under certain physical/pathological conditions remain to be fully understood. In this study, we found hypo‐osmotic–induced stress results in a dramatic but reversible rearrangement of the IF network. Vimentin and nestin IFs are partially depolymerized as they are redistributed throughout the cell cytoplasm after hypo‐osmotic shock. This spreading of the IFs requires an intact microtubule network and the motor protein associated transportation. Both nocodazole treatment and depletion of kinesin‐1 (KIF5B) block the hypo‐osmotic shock–induced rearrangement of IFs showing that the dynamic behavior of IFs largely depends on microtubules and kinesin‐dependent transport. Moreover, we show that cell survival rates are dramatically decreased in response to hypo‐osmotic shock, which was more severe by vimentin IFs depletion, indicating its contribution to osmotic endurance. Collectively, these results reveal a critical role of vimentin IFs under hypotonic stress and provide evidence that IFs are important for the defense mechanisms during the osmotic challenge.
STAT1‐avtiviated LINC00961 regulates myocardial infarction by the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Shengzhong , He Ying , Shi Jun , Liu Lulu , Ma Hao , He Li , Guo Yingqiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) remains a severe cardiac disease because of its high incidence and mortality worldwide. A growing body of recent investigations have confirmed that LINC00961 acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse malignancies. However, the biological significance of LINC00961 and its molecular mechanism in MI are still elusive. Hypoxia is the leading cause of MI and induces myocardial injury. In this study, we found the upregulated expression of LINC00961 in cardiomyocytes H9c2 after hypoxia treatment. Knockdown of LINC00961 ameliorated hypoxia‐induced cell injury by facilitating cell viability while repressing cell apoptosis. The significant increase of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression and phosphorylation levels was observed in hypoxia‐induced cells and proved to exacerbate hypoxia injury. In addition, STAT1 transcriptionally activated LINC00961 by binding to LINC00961 promoter. Furthermore, our results validated that suppressing LINC00961 contributed to the remarkable diminution in the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K), AKT, and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β). Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling or GSK3β pathway rescued the effects of LINC00961 knockdown on the hypoxia‐induced injury of cardiomyocytes. Namely, we concluded that STAT1‐avtiviated LINC00961 accelerated MI via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway, which may provide clues for the treatment of patients with MI.
Arctigenin improves lipid metabolism by regulating AMP‐activated protein kinase and downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Song Yuzhou , Li Xiao , Liu Yunyun , Hu Yingjie , Yang Ruiyi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough it has been reported that arctigenin (ARG) can reduce the body weight and inhibit adipogenic differentiation by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), the exact signals responsible for the ARG‐mediated antiobesity mechanism through AMPK are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the potential improvement of AGR on lipid metabolism using a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced hyperlipidemia rats and 3T3‐L1 mature adipocytes. The levels of AMPK and its downstream factors were examined by Western blot analysis and real‐time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed that ARG lowered the HFD‐induced body weight and the levels of serum lipid. Moreover, ARG clearly alleviated fat deposition in the liver and reduced epididymal fat accumulation. ARG also suppressed lipogenesis and lipolysis but promoted fatty acid β‐oxidation in adipocytes. Most importantly, ARG increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and upregulated the messenger RNA levels of downstream genes related to fatty acid β‐oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 but downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c) and their targets, including lipogenesis‐related genes such as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein 2, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), as well as lipolysis‐related genes such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase. The activity of FAS was also decreased by ARG. We conclude that AMPK activation is important for the pharmacological effects of ARG. ARG may improve lipid metabolism by regulating the AMPK‐ACC and AMPK‐PPARγ/SREBP1c signaling pathways.
Cryptotanshinone inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Zhu Rui , Wang Wei , Yang Suxia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCryptotanshinone (CTS), an active component extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
, was reported to attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, its protective effect against renal I/R injury remains unclear. In this study, the role of CTS in renal I/R injury in vitro and its possible mechanism were investigated. Our results showed that CTS improved cell viability in HK‐2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). CTS also inhibited the H/R‐mediated production of reactive oxygen species, as well as increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. In addition, CTS dramatically attenuated the induction of bax expression and caspase‐3 activity and alleviated the reduction of bcl‐2 expression in HK‐2 cells cultured with H/R. Furthermore, CTS activated the levels of p‐PI3K and p‐Akt in H/R‐injured HK‐2 cells; meanwhile, the renal protective activity of CTS was inhibited by the inhibitor of the (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B) PI3K/Akt pathway (LY294002). These findings indicate that CTS can ameliorate renal I/R injury in vitro partly through regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Reversion to developmental pathways underlies rapid arm regeneration in juvenile European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Callaghan Neal I. , Capaz Juan C. , Lamarre Simon G. , Bourloutski Émilie , Oliveira Ana R. , MacCormack Tyson J. , Driedzic William R. , Sykes Antonio V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColeoid cephalopods, including the European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), possess the remarkable ability to fully regenerate an amputated arm with no apparent fibrosis or loss of function. In model organisms, regeneration usually occurs as the induction of proliferation in differentiated cells. In rare circumstances, regeneration can be the product of naïve progenitor cells proliferating and differentiating de novo
. In any instance, the immune system is an important factor in the induction of the regenerative response. Although the wound response is well‐characterized, little is known about the physiological pathways utilized by cuttlefish to reconstruct a lost arm. In this study, the regenerating arms of juvenile cuttlefish, with or without exposure at the time of injury to sterile bacterial lipopolysaccharide extract to provoke an antipathogenic immune response, were assessed for the transcription of early tissue lineage developmental genes, as well as histological and protein turnover analyses of the resulting regenerative process. The transient upregulation of tissue‐specific developmental genes and histological characterization indicated that coleoid arm regeneration is a stepwise process with staged specification of tissues formed de novo, with immune activation potentially affecting the timing but not the result of this process. Together, the data suggest that rather than inducing proliferation of mature cells, developmental pathways are reinstated, and that a pool of naïve progenitors at the blastema site forms the basis for this regeneration.
Desmosterolosis and desmosterol homeostasis in the developing mouse brain
Authors: Allen Luke B. , Genaro‐Mattos Thiago C. , Porter Ned A. , Mirnics Károly , Korade Zeljka 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCholesterol serves as a building material for cellular membranes and plays an important role in cellular metabolism. The brain relies on its own cholesterol biosynthesis, which starts during embryonic development. Cholesterol is synthesized from two immediate precursors, desmosterol and 7‐dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC). Mutations in the DHCR24 enzyme, which converts desmosterol into cholesterol, lead to desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive developmental disorder. In this study, we assessed the brain content of desmosterol, 7‐DHC, and cholesterol from development to adulthood, and analyzed the biochemical, molecular, and anatomical consequences ofDhcr24mutations on the sterol profile in a mouse model of desmosterolosis and heterozygousDhcr24+/−carriers. Our HPLC‐MS/MS studies revealed that by P0 desmosterol almost entirely replaced cholesterol in theDhcr24‐KO brain. The greatly elevated desmosterol levels were also present in theDhcr24‐Het brains irrespective of maternal genotype, persisting into adulthood. Furthermore,Dhcr24‐KO mice brains showed complex changes in expression of lipid and sterol transcripts, nuclear receptors, and synaptic plasticity transcripts. CulturedDhcr24‐KO neurons showed increased arborization, which was also present in theDhcr24‐KO mouse brains. Finally, we observed a shared pathophysiological mechanism between the mouse models of desmosterolosis and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (a genetic disorder of conversion of 7‐DHC to cholesterol).
Sexual dimorphism in postcranial skeletal shape suggests male‐biased specialization for physical competition in anthropoid primates
Authors: Morris Jeremy S. , Cunningham Christopher B. , Carrier David R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSexual dimorphism often arises as a response to selection on traits that improve a male's ability to physically compete for access to mates. In primates, sexual dimorphism in body mass and canine size is more common in species with intense male–male competition. However, in addition to these traits, other musculoskeletal adaptations may improve male fighting performance. Postcranial traits that increase strength, agility, and maneuverability may also be under selection. To test the hypothesis that males, as compared to females, are more specialized for physical competition in their postcranial anatomy, we compared sex‐specific skeletal shape using a set of functional indices predicted to improve fighting performance. Across species, we found significant sexual dimorphism in a subset of these indices, indicating the presence of skeletal shape sexual dimorphism in our sample of anthropoid primates. Mean skeletal shape sexual dimorphism was positively correlated with sexual dimorphism in body size, an indicator of the intensity of male–male competition, even when controlling for both body mass and phylogenetic relatedness. These results suggest that selection on male fighting ability has played a role in the evolution of postcranial sexual dimorphism in primates.
Assessment of sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac transplantation using hybrid cardiac PET/MRI: A pilot study
Authors: Beitzke Dietrich , Wielandner Alice , Wollenweber Tim , Vraka Chrysoula , Pichler Verena , Uyanik‐Uenal Keziban , Zuckermann Andreas , Greiser Andreas , Hacker Marcus , Loewe Christian 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSympathetic reinnervation after heart transplantation (HTX) is a known phenomenon, which has an impact on patient heart rate variability and exercise capacity. The impact of reinnervation on myocardial structure has not been evaluated yet.ProposeTo evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous imaging of cardiac reinnervation and cardiac structure using a hybrid PET/MRI system.Study typeProspective / pilot study.SubjectsTen patients, 4–21 years after cardiac transplantation.Field Strength/Sequence3 T hybrid PET/MRI system. Cine SSFP, T1mapping (modified Look–Locker inversion recovery sequence) pre/postcontrast as well as dynamic [11C]meta‐hydroxyephedrine ([11C]mHED) PET.AssessmentAll MRI and PET parameters were evaluated by experienced readers using dedicated postprocessing software packages for cardiac MRI and PET. For all parameters a 16‐segment model for the left ventricle was applied.Statistical TestsMann–WhitneyU‐test; Spearman correlations.ResultsThirty‐six of 160 myocardial segments showed evidence of reinnervation by PET. On a segment‐based analysis, mean native T1relaxation times were nonsignificantly altered in segments with evidence of reinnervation (1305 ± 151 msec vs. 1270 ± 112 msec;P = 0.1), whereas mean extracellular volume (ECV) was significantly higher in segments with evidence of reinnervation (35.8 ± 11% vs. 30.9 ± 7%;P = 0.019). There were no significant differences in wall motion (WM) and wall thickening (WT) between segments with or without reinnervation (mean WM: 7.6 ± 4 mm vs. group B: 9.3 ± 7 mm [P = 0.13]; WT: 79 ± 63% vs. 94 ± 74% [P = 0.27]) under resting conditions.Data ConclusionThe assessment of cardiac reinnervation using a hybrid PET/MRI system is feasible. Segments with evidence of reinnervation by PET showed nonsignificantly higher T1relaxation times and a significantly higher ECV, suggesting a higher percentage of diffuse fibrosis in these segments, without impairment of rest WM and WT.Level of Evidence:3Technical Efficacy:Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1326–1335.
Total cerebrovascular blood flow and whole brain perfusion in children sedated using propofol with or without ketamine at induction: An investigation with 2D‐Cine PC and ASL
Authors: Makki Malek I. , O'Gorman Ruth L. , Buhler Philip , Baledent Olivier , Kellenberger Christian J. , Sabandal Carola , Weiss Markus , Scheer Ianina , Schmitz Achim 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMultiple sedation regimes may be used to facilitate pediatric MRI scans. These regimes might affect cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics to varying degrees, particularly in children who may be vulnerable to anesthetic side effects.PurposeTo compare the effects of propofol monosedation solely (Pm group) vs. a combination of propofol and ketamine (KP group) on brain hemodynamics and perfusion.Study TypeProspective double‐blind randomized trial.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T and 3T. 2D‐Cine phase contrast (2D‐Cine PC) and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL).PopulationChildren aged from 3 months to 10 years referred for MRI with deep sedation were randomized into either the KP or the Pm group. Perfusion images were acquired with ASL followed by single‐slice 2D‐Cine PC acquired between the cervical vertebra C2 and C3.AssessmentAverage whole‐brain perfusion (WBP ml.min‐1.100 ml‐1) was extracted from the ASL perfusion maps and total cerebrovascular blood flow (CVF) was quantified by bilaterally summing the flow in the vertebral and the internal carotid arteries. The CVF values were converted to units of ml.min‐1.100 g‐1 to calculate the tissue CVF100g (ml.min‐1.100 g‐1). Images were assessed by a neuroradiologist and data from n = 81 (ASL) and n = 55 (PC) cases with no apparent pathology were entered into the analysis.Statistical TestsMultivariate analysis of covariance was performed to compare drug sedation effects on WBP, CVF, and CVF100g.ResultsNo significant difference in arterial flow was observed (P = 0.57), but the KP group showed significantly higher WBP than the Pm group, covarying for scanner and age (P = 0.003). A correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between mean WBP (ml.min‐1.100 g‐1) and mean CVF100g.Data ConclusionThe KP group showed higher perfusion but no significant difference in vascular flow compared with the Pm group. WBP and CVF100g correlated significantly, but ASL appeared to have more susceptibility to perfusion differences arising from the different sedation regimes.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1433–1440.