bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les déterminants du crowdfunding hors ligne : une étude empirique sur les entrepreneurs et investisseurs potentiels à Bukavu
Authors: Balemba Kanyurhi Eddy , Bashige Bucekuderhwa Célestin , Labii Kadurha Heureuse 
Published: May 2018

Cette étude est consacrée aux déterminants du crowdfunding hors ligne. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 231 entrepreneurs et investisseurs potentiels à Bukavu en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Le traitement des données a été obtenu en recourant aux régressions logit et par intervalle. Les résultats montrent que la participation et l’investissement au crowdfunding hors ligne sont influencés à la fois par des variables socioéconomiques, institutionnelles et comportementales. Les résultats confirment qu’un crowdfunding hors ligne peut émerger en RDC. Un tel programme constituerait une alternative aux contraintes de financement auxquelles sont confrontés les ménages et les entrepreneurs de la RDC. Codes JEL : G21, G23
Innovations sociales spontanées : mécanismes de contrôle émergents dans le crowdfunding
Authors: Chaboud Mathieu-Claude , Biot-Paquerot Guillaume , Pourchet Alexandre 
Published: May 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de discuter des mécanismes de contrôle en œuvre dans les projets de crowdfunding et des innovations sociales spontanées qui en résultent. Les mécanismes de régulation issus des théories du contrôle semblent ici inopérants du fait de la faible implication financière des communautés de pourvoyeurs de ressources, de leur manque d’accès à l’information pertinente, et de leur atomicité. Ces mécanismes traditionnels sont remplacés par des innovations spontanées en termes de normes, de comportements, et d’institutions sociales émergentes, qui doivent être efficaces tout en garantissant la génération d’un capital social permettant la réussite des projets. Cet article aborde le phénomène de crowdfunding par les concepts issus du courant néo-institutionnaliste étendu au travers en particulier de la notion de travail institutionnel. Cette exploration nous conduit à proposer une grille de lecture de l’action des parties prenantes du crowdfunding au travers du prisme liant capital social et travail institutionnel. Codes JEL : G39, M14, G21, O16
Le modèle du théâtre chez Descartes
Authors: Guenancia Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Descartes n’a pas fait de réflexion sur le théâtre en tant qu’art, mais il s’est souvent référé au théâtre comme paradigme d’un possible rapport de l’homme avec ses passions. La position de spectateur nous permet d’assister à des événements qui sont des représentations et à y prendre part fictivement sans en subir les effets ordinairement produits par les passions lorsqu’elles sont directement vécues et non pas seulement jouées ou représentées. Le théâtre n’a pas de signification métaphysique, il n’est pas le symbole ou l’image du monde, il sert seulement de modèle ou d’exemple d’un rapport aux passions qui peut être intense, quelquefois même plus intense que dans la réalité mais, gardant la distance inhérente au fait d’assister à un spectacle, préserve l’intérieur de l’âme, c’est-à-dire sa liberté. Le théâtre (mais aussi la lecture des romans) exemplifie la possibilité, essentielle dans la morale cartésienne, de convertir des passions en émotions intérieures, sans recourir à des règles ou à une discipline, simplement en se mettant dans la position de spectateur. Ainsi « voir représenter » des passions sur une scène montre aussi qu’il est possible à tout un chacun de jouer avec ses passions, d’instaurer un rapport stratégique avec soi-même, sans réduction ou répression de l’affectivité et sans qu’une partie de l’âme ait la charge de dominer les autres. Si la philosophie de Descartes n’a rien à dire sur le théâtre comme activité spécifique, la présence du théâtre (et autres jeux ou fictions) dans les activités humaines peut servir d’illustration de la façon dont le sujet cartésien étend à la vie passionnelle la relation de représentation qui caractérise le rapport de l’esprit aux idées de toutes les autres choses, y compris à l’idée de lui-même. Le sujet ressent le plaisir d’éprouver ses passions comme s’il était au théâtre mais ne se donne pas lui-même en spectacle.
La représentation chez Diderot
Authors: de Fontenay Élisabeth 
Published: May 2018

Les pièces de Diderot, ses Entretiens au sujet du drame Le Fils naturel et la théâtralité inhérente à ses récits provoquent une confrontation qu’on peut qualifier de pré-révolutionnaire entre une nouvelle esthétique de la scène et la crise des mœurs. Elle se résoudra par l’établissement du code civil. Cet article tente de montrer la pertinence diderotienne d’un mot de Tocqueville : « Si vous voulez juger d’avance la littérature d’un peuple qui tourne à la démocratie, étudiez son théâtre. »
Heidegger et le logos apophantikos . Herméneutique du langage ordinaire
Authors: Slama Paul 
Published: May 2018

On présente ici l’herméneutique de Martin Heidegger. On montre qu’elle n’est pas seulement un plan qui sous-tend le langage propositionnel et qui en fonde la structure, mais qu’on peut aussi la déceler sur le plan des propositions ordinaires. Car une proposition ordinaire n’a pas une signification théorique qui reposerait sur un plan pratique où l’on comprendrait les outils autour de nous avant de les dire ; elle possède elle aussi un rapport pratique aux outils, et immédiatement. Dire « les fleurs sont belles », ce n’est pas leur attribuer théoriquement la qualité « beauté », mais c’est pratiquer d’une certaine façon un contexte (une balade dans un jardin, la visite d’un jardin botanique…) et inscrire la phrase dans ce contexte. Dès lors se pose à une telle approche phénoménologique de la proposition la question de savoir ce qui vient normer nos pratiques linguistiques. On pense du même coup, au moyen de quelques indications de Heidegger, les normes sociales, propres à notre culture, qui déterminent et contraignent la signification de nos phrases. Ainsi, la phénoménologie pensée comme herméneutique s’associe à la philosophie des normes pour décrire le langage ordinaire.
Wildfires in Portugal
Authors: Viegas Domingos Xavier 
Published: May 2018

In 2017 Portugal was devastated by forest fires that destroyed more than 500 thousand hectares and claimed at least 112 lives. The country was plagued with a severe drought that raised the risk of fire and was caught by two prominent episodes of extreme conditions: one in mid-June and another in mid-October that caused the greatest damages.
A New Green Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Enrofloxacin by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rebouças Camila Tavares , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: A green analytical chemistry method was developed for quantification of enrofloxacin in tablets. The drug, a second-generation fluoroquinolone, was first introduced in veterinary medicine for the treatment of various bacterial species. Objective: This study proposed to develop, validate, and apply a reliable, low-cost, fast, and simple IR spectroscopy method for quantitative routine determination of enrofloxacin in tablets. Methods: The method was completely validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines, showing accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness, and linearity. Results: It was linear over the concentration range of 1.0–3.0 mg with correlation coefficients &gt;0.9999 and LOD and LOQ of 0.12 and 0.36 mg, respectively. Conclusions: Now that this IR method has met performance qualifications, it can be adopted and applied for the analysis of enrofloxacin tablets for production process control. The validated method can also be utilized to quantify enrofloxacin in tablets and thus is an environmentally friendly alternative for the routine analysis of enrofloxacin in quality control. Highlights: A new green method for the quantitative analysis of enrofloxacin by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy was validated. It is a fast, clean and low-cost alternative for the evaluation of enrofloxacin tablets.
Determination of Three Chromium Textile Azo Dyes in Wastewater by SPE-LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS
Authors: Copaciu Florina-Maria , Simedru Dorina , Coman Maria-Virginia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the present work, a procedure to determine three textile azo dyes, chromium-complexes [Nylosan Dark Brown (NDB), Lanasyn Dark Brown (LDB), and Lanasyn Red (LR)], from wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by LC-electrospray ionization negative mode tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS) has been developed. The extraction/concentration and recovery degree of these dyes from liquid matrices were done on Strata WAX/NH2 cartridges. The chromatographic separation was performed using a Luna C18 (2) 100Å column by isocratic elution with a methanol–acetonitrile–water (0.2% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium formate) mixture. The linearity, the LOD, and the LOQ were determined for each textile dye. The accuracy, the precision (intra- and inter-day), and the matrix effect were also performed for the validation of the developed procedure. These chromium-complex azo dyes often used in the dyeing process by a textile factory in Romania were monitored in the influent and effluent wastewater from a treatment plant situated in its area. Applying the developed SPE-LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS procedure, the following textile dyes were detected (ng/L) in the collected wastewater samples during a 24-h period: NDB 150.1, LDB 200.6, and LR 89.0–244.0 in influents and NDB 22.8, LDB 78.6, and LR 74.0 in effluents.
Validation of the BetaStar® Advanced for Beta-lactams Test Kit for the Screening of Bulk Tank and Tanker Truck Milks for the Presence of Beta-lactam Drug Residues
Authors: Denhartigh Andrew , Reynolds Lindsay , Palmer Katherine , Klein Frank , Rice Jennifer , Rejman John J , Boison Joe , Kijak Philip , Shelver Weilin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A validation study was conducted for an immunochromatographic method (BetaStar® Advanced for Beta-lactams) for the detection of beta-lactam residues in raw, commingled bovine milk. The assay detected amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels but above the maximum sensitivity thresholds established by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments. The results of internal and independent laboratory dose-response studies employing spiked samples were in agreement. The test detected all six drugs at the approximate 90/95% sensitivity levels in milk from cows treated with each drug. Selectivity of the assay was 100%, as no false-positive results were obtained in testing 1148 control milk samples. Testing the estimated 90/95% sensitivity level for amoxicillin (8.5 ppb), ampicillin (6.9 ppb), cloxacillin (8.9 ppb), penicillin (4.2 ppb), and cephapirin (17.6 ppb), and at 100 ppb for each antibiotic, resulted in 94–100% positive tests for each of the beta-lactam drugs. The results of ruggedness experiments established the operating parameter tolerances for the assay. Cross-reactivity testing established that the assay detects other certain beta-lactam drugs, but it does not cross-react with any of 30 drugs belonging to seven different drug classes. Abnormally high bacterial or somatic cell counts in raw milk produced no assay interference.
Cellulose Mineralization as a Route for Novel Functional Materials
Authors: Shchipunov Yury , Postnova Irina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCellulose possesses excellent properties, but its performance characteristics do not satisfy human requirements completely, which has soured a constant effort to improve its features. Currently, cellulose is combined with inorganics in a process called mineralization that results in a novel type of materials referred to as bio‐nanocomposites. There are many examples of mineralized tissues with superior properties in living nature. This circumstance gives us a reason to biomimic them by compounding biopolymers with inorganics. Here, the main mineralization techniques, properties, structure, functionality, and application of mineralized cellulose are the focus. Cellulose can be combined with inorganics through the vapor phase or by the methods of wet chemistry. Much attention has been paid to sol–gel chemistry, which is of first importance in cellulose mineralization. Inorganics can protect polysaccharides, regulate hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity, and impart self‐cleaning, antimicrobial and conducting properties, which not only improves them but results in bio‐nanocomposites with novel functionalities and performance, not known before for cellulosic materials. Further calcination and carbonization of mineralized cellulose under mild conditions give nanosized metals, metal oxides, and their nanocomposites with carbon, which are often unavailable by conventional methods. Therefore, mineralization is used to develop innovative textiles, oil absorbent and oil/water separating membranes, catalysts and photocatalysts, solar cells, conductors, supercapacitors, transistors and batteries for flexible electronics, and energy storage devices. These nontraditional and highly promising areas for applications have caused an intense interest in cellulose that resembles its rediscovery.
Abnormal Synergetic Effect of Organic and Halide Ions on the Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of a Mixed Perovskite via In Situ Characterizations
Authors: Long Mingzhu , Zhang Tiankai , Liu Mingzhen , Chen Zefeng , Wang Chen , Xie Weiguang , Xie Fangyan , Chen Jian , Li Gang , Xu Jianbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mixed cation lead mixed halide perovskite (MLMP) CsxFA1‐xPbIyBr3‐y is one of the most promising candidates for both single‐junction and tandem solar cells due to its high efficiency and remarkable stability. However, the composition effect on thermal stability and photovoltaic performances has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the interplay between composition, crystal structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties under heat stress, is systematically elucidated here through a series of in situ characterizations. It is revealed for the first time that the FA+ and Br− release synchronously at first even under mild annealing. This leads to a serious FA‐ and Br‐deficiency issue, with only 88.3% of Br and 90.2% of FA retained after annealing at 100 °C, which significantly magnifies the hysteresis, phase segregation, and instability issues. Finally, a trace amount of FA+ and Br− is introduced onto the post‐annealed MLMP surface to compensate for the deficiency through vacancy filling. The degradation lifetime to 80% of the initial efficiency (t80) is improved from 504 to 1056 h and the hysteresis issue is also well resolved. This work highlights the importance of the synergetic composition effect of the organic cation and halide anion on stability and efficiency optimization for long‐term applications.
Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitor Energized by Adding an Ambipolar Organic Redox Radical into the Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Lintong , Shi Chao , Guo Kai , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao , Wang Yonggang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon‐based electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) generally exhibit high power and long life, but low energy density/capacitance. Pore/morphology optimization and pseudo‐capacitive materials modification of carbon materials have been used to improve electrode capacitance, but leading to the consumption of tap density, conductivity and stability. Introducing soluble redox mediators into electrolyte is a promising alternative to improve the capacitance of electrode. However, it is difficult to find one redox mediator that can provide additional capacitance for both positive and negative electrodes simultaneously. Here, an ambipolar organic radical, 2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) is first introduced to the electrolyte, which can substantially contribute additional pseudo‐capacitance by oxidation at the positive electrode and reduction at the negative electrode simultaneously. The EDLC with TEMPO mediator delivers an energy density as high as 51 Wh kg−1, 2.4 times of the capacitor without TEMPO, and a long cycle stability over 4000 cycles. The achieved results potentially point a new way to improve the energy density of EDLCs.
Metall‐ und reagensfreie dehydrierende formale Benzyl‐Aryl‐Kreuzkupplung durch anodische Aktivierung in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluorpropan‐2‐ol
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Röckl Johannes L. , Wiebe Anton , Gieshoff Tile , Schollmeyer Dieter , Chiba Kazuhiro , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEine selektive dehydrierende elektrochemische Funktionalisierung benzylischer Positionen durch 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluorpropan‐2‐ol (HFIP) wurde entwickelt. Die elektrolytisch generierten Produkte sind vielseitige Zwischenprodukte für nachfolgende Funktionalisierungen, da sie als maskierte, leicht aktivierbare Benzylkationen reagieren. Hier wird eine nachhaltige, skalierbare, reagens‐ und metallfreie, dehydrierende, formale Benzyl‐Aryl‐Kreuzkupplung vorgestellt. Die Freisetzung des benzylischen Kations erfolgt durch Säure. Wertvolle Diarylmethane sind in Gegenwart von aromatischen Nukleophilen zugänglich. Die direkte Nutzung von Strom ermöglicht eine sichere und umweltverträgliche chemische Umwandlung, da Oxidationsmittel durch Elektronen ersetzt werden. Es kann eine große Vielfalt an Substraten und Nukleophilen eingesetzt werden.
Post‐Translational Backbone Engineering through Selenomethionine‐Mediated Incorporation of Freidinger Lactams
Authors: Flood Dillon T. , Yan Nicholas L. , Dawson Philip E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAmino‐γ‐lactam (Agl) bridged dipeptides, commonly known as Freidinger lactams, have been shown to constrain peptide backbone topology and stabilize type II′ β‐turns. The utility of these links as peptide constraints has inspired new approaches to their incorporation into complex peptides and peptoids, all of which require harsh reaction conditions or protecting groups that limit their use on unprotected peptides and proteins. Herein, we employ a mild and selective alkylation of selenomethionine in acidic aqueous solution, followed by immobilization of the alkylated peptide on to bulk reverse‐phase C18 silica and base‐induced lactamization in DMSO. The utilization of selenomethionine, which is readily introduced by synthesis or expression, and the mild conditions enable selective backbone engineering in complex peptide and protein systems.
Robotergefertigte Elemente aus technischer Keramik
Authors: Oppe Matthias , Scheible Florian , Peter Boris , Helbig Thorsten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Sanierung der Staatsoper Unter den Linden ist abgeschlossen. Damit geht ein achtjähriger Bauprozess zu Ende, währenddessen die innere Infrastruktur erneuert und das denkmalgeschützte Gebäude hinsichtlich Barrierefreiheit, Klimatechnik, Sicherheit und Brandschutz modernisiert wurde. Des Weiteren erfolgte im Zuge der Generalsanierung auch die Verbesserung der Akustik des Zuschauersaals. Hierzu wurde die historische Saaldecke, ohne das äußere Erscheinungsbild zu beeinträchtigen, 5 m angehoben, um das Volumen zu erweitern und dadurch die Nachhallzeit zu verlängern. Vor die so entstandene Nachhallgalerie legt sich nun ein Rautenmuster, dessen Gestaltung dem Formenkanon des Denkmals folgt. Durch die Verwendung einer glasfaserverstärkten Phosphat‐Keramik (CBPC) in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz modernster Fabrikationstechniken, sowie hinsichtlich des Tragverhaltens des Materials, wurde somit Neuland beschritten.
Degradation of recombinant proteins by Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteases is prevented by matriptase‐1 knockout
Authors: Laux Holger , Romand Sandrine , Nuciforo Sandro , Farady Christopher J. , Tapparel Joel , Buechmann‐Moeller Stine , Sommer Benjamin , Oakeley Edward J. , Bodendorf Ursula 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of nonantibody format proteins are entering clinical development. However, one of the major hurdles for the production of nonantibody glycoproteins is host cell–related proteolytic degradation, which can drastically impact developability and timelines of pipeline projects. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred production host for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Using protease inhibitors, transcriptomics, and genetic knockdowns, we have identified, out of the >700 known proteases in rodents, matriptase‐1 as the major protease involved in the degradation of recombinant proteins expressed in CHO‐K1 cells. Subsequently, matriptase‐1 was deleted in CHO‐K1 cells using “transcription activator‐like effector nucleases” (TALENs) as well as zinc‐finger nucleases (ZFNs). This resulted in a superior CHO‐K1 matriptase (KO) cell line with strongly reduced or no proteolytic degradation activity toward a panel of recombinantly expressed proteins. The matriptase KO cell line was evaluated in spike‐in experiments and showed little or no degradation of proteins incubated in culture supernatant derived from the KO cells. This effect was confirmed when the same proteins were recombinantly expressed in the KO cell line. In summary, the combination of novel cell line engineering tools, next‐generation sequencing screening methods, and the recently published Chinese hamster genome has enabled the development of this novel matriptase KO CHO cell line capable of improving expression yields of intact therapeutic proteins.
Glioblastoma recurrence correlates with NLGN3 levels
Authors: Liu Rui , Qin Xing‐Ping , Zhuang Yang , Zhang Ya , Liao Hua‐Bao , Tang Jun‐Chun , Pan Meng‐Xian , Zeng Fei‐Fei , Lei Yang , Lei Rui‐Xue , Wang Shu , Liu An‐Chun , Chen Juan , Zhang Zhi‐Feng , Zhao Dan , Wu Song‐Lin , Liu Ren‐Zhong , Wang Ze‐Fen , Wan Qi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma in the brain. Recurrence of GBM is almost inevitable within a short term after tumor resection. In a retrospective study of 386 cases of GBM collected between 2013 and 2016, we found that recurrence of GBM mainly occurs in the deep brain regions, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and corpus callosum. But the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear. Previous studies suggest that neuroligin‐3 (NLGN3) is necessary for GBM growth. Our results show that the levels of NLGN3 in the cortex are higher than those in the deep regions in a normal human brain, and similar patterns are also found in a normal mouse brain. In contrast, NLGN3 levels in the deep brain regions of GBM patients are high. We also show that an increase in NLGN3 concentration promotes the growth of U251 cells and U87‐MG cells. Respective use of the cortex neuron culture medium (C‐NCM) and basal ganglia neuron culture medium (BG‐NCM) with DMEM to cultivate U251, U87‐MG and GBM cells isolated from patients, we found that these cells grew faster after treatment with C‐NCM and BG‐NCM in which the cells treated with C‐NCM grew faster than the ones treated with BG‐NCM group. Inhibition of NLGN3 release by ADAM10i prevents NCM‐induced cell growth. Together, this study suggests that increased levels of NLGN3 in the deep brain region under the GBM pathological circumstances may contribute to GBM recurrence in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and corpus callosum.