bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH WAKTU SIMPAN FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKALNYA
Authors: Fauzi Akbar  , Zulisma Anita  , Hamidah Harahap  
Published: October 2019

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the plasticizer glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin as a base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of storage time on the mechanical properties of plastic film biodegradation of starch cassava peel. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet plastic film that have been tested mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. Mechanical properties of plastic films will decrease every week due to the absorption of moisture and plasticizer migration occurs in a matrix of plastic films for storage.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR DAN BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH SAYURAN
Authors: Erickson Sarjono Siboro  , Edu Surya  , Netti Herlina  
Published: October 2019

Garbage market activity results, which are not well experienced management will cause environmental pollution. The waste of vegetables still contains a high water content and contain organic ingredients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that one of them is a waste of vegetables. One method to manage waste of vegetables is to chop waste of vegetables with use the blender and mix with EM4 then fermented for 25 days. So it becomes an organic liquid fertilizer, because more quickly absorbed into the soil and quickly be used directly by plants, and can't damage the soil and plants. Preliminary data obtained from this study of the water content of 88.78%, pH 7.68, and the ratio of C / N 33.56. Final data with optimal results obtained on day 25 with the composition of the EM4 350 ml of N 1%, P 1.98%, K 0.85% and the ratio of C / N 30, total solid 34.78%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 2386 mg / L, pH 5.55 and 13 ml of biogas.
EKSTRAKSI PIGMEN ANTOSIANIN DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Lidya Simanjuntak  , Chairina Sinaga  , Fatimah  
Published: October 2019

Extraction of anthocyanin pigments from the red pitaya’s peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has been done. Anthocyanin pigment from the red pitaya’s peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) can be used as an alternative for sinthetys dye. Extraction of anthocyanin pigments in this experiment is using maceration method. There are three independent variables used in this experiment, they are the type of solvent (distilled water, 95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and 10% citric acid), solvent ratios (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4,) and the time of extraction process (1, 2 and 3 days). This experiment aims to determine the right type of solvent, better solvent ratio and better extraction time that used to get anthocyanin pigments from red pitaya’s peel. The measurements in this experiment are based on the pH value, the absorbance value and anthocyanin pigment yield. The experimental results shows that the levels of anthocyanin pigments of red pitaya’s peel dissolved in a solvent mixture of distilled water plus 10% citric acid produce the highest level of anthocyanin pigment yield is 62.68% at pH 2 and the extraction time are 3 days.
PENGARUH PELARUT TERT-BUTANOL TERHADAP MINYAK DAN SUHU REAKSI GLISEROLISIS PADA PEMBUATAN MONO DAN DIASILGLISEROL (MDAG) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ABU CANGKANG TELUR AYAM
Authors: Retno Dian Lestari Purba  , Margareth Nainggolan  , M. Yusuf Ritonga  
Published: October 2019

Mono and diacylglycerol (MDAG) is one of the synthetic emulsifier agent widely used in food industry. Emulsifier agent is one of the economically high value oleochemical product. The purpose of this research is to produce MDAG through glycerolysis process of refined bleached deodorize palm oil (RBDPO) and glycerol by using egg shell waste as catalyst (4 % of oil weight) for 2 hours, whereas the variables ratio of tert-butanol to oil (1, 2, 3 v/w) and reaction temperatur (60, 70 and 80 oC). Egg shell waste was calcined at 900 oC for 2 hours to form active CaO catalyst. Then glycerolysis process to produce mono and diacylglyserol. Mono and diacylglycerol that formed was separated by using separator fannel. The upper layer was vaporated to separate MDAG from tert-butanol. The content of MDAG was analyzed using Gas Chromatography. The best result was at 70 oC temperature, ratio co-solvent to oil 3:1 (v/w), 2 hours of reaction time and 4% of catalyst amount from oil and oil molar ratio to glycerol 1:6 with MDAG content of 68,62%. MDAG formed are w/o emulsifier with 5.19 HLB. The result of this research shows that egg shell waste is suitable to be used as source of cheap catalyst to produce mono and diacylglycerol.
PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR DARI PIROLISIS CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI TAHU
Authors: Lisa Ginayati  , M. Faisal  , Suhendrayatna  
Published: October 2019

This research aims to utilize the coconut-palm shell waste to be processed as liquid smoke grade I, used for natural preservative of tofu. The process used to produce the liquid smoke is by using pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis temperatures used ware 300 oC, 340 oC, and 380oC, with liquid smoke concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Purification of liquid smoke from grade III to grade I was made through two distillation phases at temperature of 200 oC. The produced liquid smoke grade I was then utilized to preserve the tofu in order to increase its storing period. The testing towards durability of the preserved tofu was done by Total Volatile Base (TVB) and Organoleptic. Based on the TVB values test, the tofu can last for 56 hours when it was soaked in liquid smoke, while the durability of the tofu without soaked in liquid smoke was only 16 hours. Results of the organoleptic test showed that 90% of respondents favor the taste, flavor, and texture of the liquid smoke-soaked tofu, which was pyrolysed at 340oC and at concentration of 0.5%. the TVB Value at these condition was 19.61mg N%.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU MELALUI PROSES HIDROLISIS TERMAL DAN FERMENTASI SERTA RECYCLE VINASSE (PENGARUH KONSENTRASI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU, SUHU DAN WAKTU HIDROLISIS)
Authors: Bambang Trisakti  , Yustina br Silitonga  , Irvan  
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research are to study the effect of sugarcane bagasse powder concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the yield of glucose and the level of glucose by recycle vinasse process. Raw sugarcane bagasse as primary material was obtained from sugarcane juice shop. Observed variabels were concentration of sugarcane bagasse, hydrolysis time and temperature. Sugarcane bagasse is powdered by blender and then mixed with aquadest (2,94; 3,85; 4,76%) and hydrolized in the hydrolysis tank. The hydrolysis process occured at 1, 1,5 and 2 hours and temperature 135, 150 and 165°C. The hydrolysis products were tested for its glucose, lignin and cellulose composition. After that, the product was fermented in order to produce bioethanol. The fermented product was filtered for its vinasse and it will be used as the feed of hydrolysis recycle process. Result showed that yield of glucose increases as the increase of sugarcane bagasse powder concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature. But, yield of glucose increases from 1 until 1,5 hour of hydrolysis time and then decreases from 1,5 to 2 hour of hydrolysis time. The highest yield of glucose (31,022%) was obtained at concentration 2,94%, 165 °C and 2 hours of hydrolysis time. Lignin and cellulose level fluctuated as the increasing of hydrolysis temperature. This might be caused by the non-uniform composition by the raw materials.
EKSTRAKSI 1,8-CINEOLE DARI MINYAK DAUN EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA DENGAN METODE SOXHLETASI
Authors: Irvan  , Putra B. Manday  , Januar Sasmitra  
Published: October 2019

Eucalyptus urophylla plants (family: Myrtaceae, order: Myrtales ) usually are used only wooden parts for the manufacture of frames, pulp and paper, whereas their leaves can be used to produce essential oils in the pharmaceutical usage. The aim of this research is to extract the essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla with soxhlet extraction method, in order to obtain maximum recovery of essential oils with good quality. Prior to the extraction process, the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla were reduced so that its size become 1 × 1 cm, and then dried in an oven at a temperature of 70 °C for 1 hour after being wrapped in a filter paper, after that followed by the extraction of the leaves using a variety of solvents, namely 96 % ethanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane, then proceed with the analysis of essential oil products (cineol content analysis). In this study, experiments were conducted with a variety of treatments such as the ratio of the volume of solvent to yield, the ratio of the mass of leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla to the yield on 5 cycles , and temperature of the solvent to yield. The conclusions of this research are the best extraction results with maximum cineol value (29.17 %) was obtained using dichloromethane solvent, while using 96 % ethanol produced the maximum yield of extract.
EVALUASI KESETIMBANGAN KELARUTAN GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) DALAM PELARUT ALKANOLAMINA MENGGUNAKAN SIMULATOR PROSES
Authors: Yansen Hartanto  , Tri Partono Adhi  , Antonius Indarto  
Published: October 2019

Acid gas removal to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) in natural gas is one of the most important processes. The common removal process of CO2 from natural gas by using alkanolamine solution This process was adopted as basic module in commercial process simulation tools with various equilibrium models. Thus, this study was focused to evaluate the validity in certain operating condition and equilibrium model that produced by commercial simulation tools. The model in this study included coefficient activity model based on Kent-Eisenberg, Li-Mather, and Electrolyte Non Random Two Liquid (NRTL). The evaluation was conducted by doing analysis from simulation result and experiment data that have been used as reference. Furthermore, validation test in absorption process simulation was done to compare column temperature profile. The overall conclusions show that electrolyte NRTL gives the most accurate result.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea Americana Mill) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT N-HEPTANA
Authors: Atikah Risyad  , Resi Levi Permadani  , Siswarni MZ  
Published: October 2019

Avocado production is quite high in Indonesia led to increased waste avocado seed. Avocado seeds have an oil content large enough to potentially be used as a source of vegetable oil. A commonly used solvent for the extraction process is hexane. However, hexane proved to have an alarming danger if it is used for the extraction of food ingredients, necessitating alternative solvents such as n-heptane. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variable research on avocado seed oil extraction using n-heptane. The method used in this study is Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) by varying the time of extraction, extraction temperature, avocado seed mass and volume of the solvent n-heptane. ANOVA with 95% confidence level (p <0.05) showed that the variables have a significant influence on the yield of avocado seed oil produced by the value of R2 = 94.24% at constant temperature and R2 = 93.95% at constant time. Characteristics of avocado seed oil is a orange color, density amounted to 0.71 g/ml, viscosity amounted to 0.43 cP, and FFA amounted to 2.76%. Analysis of fatty acid composition of avocado seed oil showed fatty acid component is predominantly polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic acid of 47.3531% (w/w), saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid amounted to 20.3439% (w/w), and monounsaturated fatty acids as oleic acid amounted to 15.8823% (w/w).
POTENSI ZEOLIT ALAM DAN CaO DARI CANGKANG TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI TREATED WASTE COOKING OIL
Authors: Taslim  , Meilia  , Nike Taruna  
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which is produced from either vegetable oils or animal fats. Treated Waste Cooking Oil (TWCO) was the pretreated WCO using activated carbon to reduce the high content of free fatty acid (FFA). The objective of this study was to discover the potential of catalyst which was the mixture of natural zeolite and CaO derived from the chicken eggshells in producing biodiesel with TWCO as feedstock. Chicken eggshells were calcined at the temperature of 1000 oC for 2 hours. Effect of using the catalyst, natural zeolite and CaO, was investigated in this study. The properties of biodiesel such as methyl ester content, density, kinematic viscosity and flash point were evaluated and compared to the Indonesian Standard (SNI). In this study, the biodiesel yield for catalyst of natural zeolite, CaO, and mixture of both were 7,28%; 51,17%; and 87,40% respectively. The biodiesel produced in this study was comparable to the SNI standard and that the addition of natural zeolite could enhance the catalytic activity. Therefore, it is highly potential as low-cost catalyst in producing biodiesel.
PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANO ZEOLIT ALAM ACEH
Authors: Cut Raziah  , Zerlinda Putri  , Atika Rahmi Lubis  , Sofyana  , Zuhra  , Suhendrayatna  , Sri Mulyati  
Published: October 2019

The presence of Cadmium (Cd) in groundwater is an issue that needs serious handling as it causes problems to human health. The removal of Cadmium (Cd) can be done by various methods such as adsorption, oxidation, filtration, and many more. In this study, the method used was adsorption using Aceh natural zeolite. This process was expected to reduce Cd metal as effectively as possible. The adsorption was conducted by varying contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration of Cd metal. The crystallized Aceh natural zeolite was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with Si/Al zeolite ratio of 4.36 %. The concentration of Cadmium in water was analyzed by means of Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) standard AA 630. The results showed that the adsorption of cadmium in water solution by Aceh natural zeolite occurred according to the Freundlich adsorption model. While the adsorption kinetic from the process was found to be a pseudo second order with k2 value of 1.53.
PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca Zalacca) DENGAN PROSES FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN UAP DENGAN PEMANAS MICROWAVE
Authors: Indah Sari  , Uchi Inda Purnamasari  , M. Turmuzi Lubis  
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the best adsorption capacity, compounds contained in activated carbon and burn off that produced. In this study, activated carbon have been prepared from the bark of Salacca zalacca by physically activating using a microwave. The 70 gram bark of Salacca zalaccawas pyrolised in a furnace with flowing gas N2 with temperature 500 oC for 120 minutes followed by microwave activation at 2450 MHz with power 600 W, 800 W and 1000 W for 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. The results showed the best burn off on microwave power 1000 W with 60 minutes activation time of 90,25%. The best activated carbon adsorption capacity at 800 W microwave power for 20 minutes is 19,96 mg/g. The best allowanced percentage at 800 W microwave power with 20 minutes activation time is 99,82%. Characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FITR) showed the presence of C=O (carbonyl) bonds indicating the presence of carbon-active substances. After pyrolysis forms a C≡C (Alkuna) bond which indicated more carbon was produced. This is supported by the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) showing the surface morphology of rough and irregular activated carbon and the amount of carbon and oxide content on activated carbon of 44,44% and 28,54% sequentially.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LAURIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM TERISI SILIKA
Authors: Rieska Wulandari Sianturi  , Indra Surya  
Published: October 2019

By using a semi-efficient vulcanisation system; the effects of lauryl alcohol (LA) as a new rubber additive on tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The NR composites were filled by silica filler with a fixed loading, 30.0 phr (part per hundred rubber). The LA is a fatty alcohol based on palm kernel oil and incorporated into the silica-filled NR composites. The LA loadings were 1.0 phr, 2.0 phr, 3.0 phr and 4.0 phr. It was found that LA functioned as an internal plasticiser. As an internal plasticiser, LA decreased the tensile modulus and increased elongations at break of silica-filled NR composites. It was also found that LA increased the crosslink density and tensile strength up to 3.0 phr of LA loading. The 3.0 phr of LA was the optimum loading.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PENGISI SERTA TEKANAN HOT PRESS TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT POLIESTER BERPENGISI NANO PARTIKEL ZINC OXIDE (ZnO)
Authors: Regy A Putra Ginting  , Maulida  
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of filler loading and pressure of hot press on tensile strength of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polyester composites. The Composites were prepared by using polyester as the matrix, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) as the catalyst. The composites were filled by the zinc oxide at 0%; 1%; 3%; 5%; and 7% were molded by hot press with pressure variation of 50 psi, 75 psi, 100 psi, 125 psi and 150 psi. Composites have been molded, then tested for the characteristics Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tests of tensile strength. The best result of tensile strength, impact and flexural were found on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi with a tensile strength of 55,12 MPa. SEM characterization showed a rough surface on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi because had a good wetting between matrix and filler ZnO.
VAKA ÇALIŞMASI: Türkiye’de Yabancı Uyruklu Göçmen Öğrencilerin Türk Öğrencilere Karşı Duygusal Mesafe Durumlarının İncelenmesi: İstanbul-Avcılar Örneği
Authors: Büyükdağ Gülden , Gülper Mesut , Çelikçeken Sertaç 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma; Türkiye’ye dış göçle gelen Irak, Afganistan, Yemen, Suriye, Azerbaycan, Rusya ve diğer (dış göçle Balkanlar ve Ortadoğu Ülkelerinden gelenler) yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal mesafe durumlarını belirlemek üzere yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni 2018-2019 öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Avcılar ilçesinde resmi liselerde okuyan yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerdir. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise, 2018-2019 öğretim yılı İstanbul ili Avcılar ilçesindeki devlet okullarında okuyan 125 yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrenci olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal mesafe düzeylerini belirlemek için Hasan Yılmaz tarafından geliştirilen Ötekine Karşı Duygusal Mesafe Ölçeği ve belirlenen bazı değişkenlere ilişkin verileri toplamak için araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeliyle elde edilen bulgulardan dış göçle gelen yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal yakınlık düzeyinde; cinsiyetlerine göre kız öğrencilerin, sınıf düzeyine göre yüksek sınıf düzeyinde olanların, anne–baba eğitim düzeyine göre eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, televizyon izleme düzeyine göre Türkçe televizyon izleme süresi yüksek olanların lehine anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAnalysing Immigrant Students’ Emotional Distance To Turkish Students in Turkey: Case of Avcilar in İstanbulThe purpose of this study is to determine emotional distance states in high school students who emigrated to Turkey from Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Azerbaijan, Russia and Balkans and Middle Eastern countries towards Turkish students. The research universe consisted of the immigrant students who currently study in state high schools in Avcilar, Istanbul in 2018-2019 academic year. The scale of Emotional Distance towards the others was used to define the emotional distance states of the immigrant students towards Turkish students and a personal information form which was created by the researchers was used to collect data about some defined variables. The research sample included 125 immigrant students who were enrolled at state high schools in Avcılar in İstanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. The difference between male and female immigrant students’ emotional proximity scores towards Turkish students were found to be statistically significant. It was also found that the immigrant female students’ emotional proximity levels were greater than immigrant male students’ emotional proximity levels. The females, the relativey better off, the children of relatively better educated parents, and those watching Turkish tv levels more were found to have significantly different than others.
Effect of tamsulosin on lower urinary tract symptoms related to double-J ureteral stent: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Guitynavard Fateme , Gooran Shahram , Kasiri Parvin , Gholipour Farshad , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on stent-related symptoms in patients undergoing double-J ureteral stenting.
Methods: and materials Seventy patients (47 men and 23 women; mean age 42.5 years) who underwent double-J stent placement in adjunct to urological surgery were prospectively randomised into two groups. Group 1 included 35 patients who received 0.4 mg of tamsulosin once daily for 4 weeks; group 2 included 35 patients who received a placebo for the same protocol. All patients were interviewed by the same physician about the frequency of stent-related symptoms at 4 weeks after stent insertion.
Results: Patients in group 1 showed a lower score for suprapubic pain during the filling phase and lower pain during sexual activity than group 2, although the overall pain score was not significantly different between two groups. The mean urinary urgency score was less in group 1 in comparison to the placebo group (p=0.030). No statistically significant differences were found between two groups concerning haematuria, urinary incontinence, frequency nor dysuria.
Conclusion: Tamsulosin improves symptoms associated with double-J ureteral stents, especially body pain during sexual activity.
Topological insulators based on HgTe
Authors: Kvon Z D , Kozlov D A , Olshanetsky E B , Gusev G M , Mikhailov N N , Dvoretsky S A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The most interesting experimental results obtained in studies of 2D and 3D topological insulators (TIs) based on HgTe quantum wells and films are reviewed. In the case of 2D TIs, these include the observation of nonlocal ballistic and diffusion transport, the magnetic breakdown of 2D TIs, and an anomalous temperature dependence of edge-channel resistance. In 3D TIs, a record-setting high mobility (up to 5 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1) of surface two-dimensional Dirac fermions (DFs) has been attained. This enabled determining all the main TI parameters (the bulk gap and the density of DFs on both of its surfaces) and provided information on the phase of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations of DFs, which indicates the rigid topological coupling between the fermion spin and momentum. Prospects for further research are discussed in the conclusion.