bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelength‐Gradient Graphene Films for Pressure‐Sensitive Sensors
Authors: Wang Mingti , Qiu Yuanyou , Jia Jin , Wang Chengzhong , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGraphene, because of its prominent mechanical strength, high electric and thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility and stability, is considered as a candidate material for fabricating pressure‐sensitive electronic skins. Here, the piezoresistance pressure sensors using wavelength‐gradient graphene films are developed. In addition, the wavelength‐gradient graphene film possesses a wavy structure and a gradient structure simultaneously. The prepared sensors can exhibit different current change on the different areas under the equal applied pressures due to the effects of gradient structure. Meanwhile, other intriguing pressure‐sensing properties of the sensors are also demonstrated, especially a high sensitivity and promising potential as wearable devices.
NIR to Visible Light Upconversion Devices Comprising an NIR Charge Generation Layer and a Perovskite Emitter
Authors: Li Ning , Lau Ying Suet , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming , Zhu Furong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) to visible light upconversion is of significant importance in many applications, including thermal imaging, bioimaging, night vision, and wellness monitoring. Here, the effort to develop a high‐performing NIR to saturated green light upconversion device comprising a front solution‐processable organic bulk heterojunction NIR charge generation layer (CGL) and an upper CsPbBr3 perovskite light‐emitting diode (LED) unit is reported. The NIR CGL, based on a blend of the NIR‐sensitive donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor, enables an efficient hole injection in the CsPbBr3 LED in the presence of the NIR light and also serves as an optical outcoupling layer to enhance the visible light emission by the CsPbBr3 LED. The CsPbBr3‐based perovskite LED has a narrow emission spectrum with a peak wavelength of 520 nm, corresponding to the wavelengths near the peak response of the human eye, and has the advantage in imaging applications. Based on the upconversion process, a pixel‐less NIR to visible light imaging device is demonstrated, which can be operated at a low voltage of 3 V. The results are very encouraging, revealing a high‐performing solution‐processable upconversion device for application in NIR light imaging.
Rehmannia glutinosa exhibits anti‐aging effect through maintaining the quiescence and decreasing the senescence of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Bai Lin , Shi Gui‐ying , Yang Ya‐jun , Chen Wei , Zhang Lian‐feng , Qin Chuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe time‐related decline in regenerative capacity and organ homeostasis is a major feature of aging. Rehmannia glutinosa and Astragalus membranaceus have been used as traditional Chinese herbal medicines for enhanced immunity and prolonged life. However, the mechanism by which this herbal medicine slows aging is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the herbal anti‐aging effect.MethodsMice were fed diets supplemented with R. glutinosa or A. membranaceus for 10 months; the control group was fed a standard diet. The phenotypes were evaluated using a grading score system and survival analysis. The percentages of the senescence phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. The function and the mechanism of HSCs were analyzed by clonogenic assay and the real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe anti‐aging effect of R. glutinosa is due to the enhanced function of HSCs. Mice fed with R. glutinosa displayed characteristics of a slowed aging process, including decreased senescence and increased rate of survival. Flow cytometry analysis showed decreased numbers of Lin–Sca1+c‐kit– (LSK) cells, long‐term HSCs (LT‐HSCs) and short‐term HSCs (ST‐HSCs) in the R. glutinosa group. In vitro, clonogenic assays showed increased self‐renewal ability of LT‐HSCs from the R. glutinosa group as well as maintaining LSK quiescence through upregulated p18 expression. The R. glutinosa group also showed decreased reactive oxygen species levels and the percentage of β‐gal+ cells through downregulation of the cellular senescence‐associated protein p53 and p16.ConclusionRehmannia glutinosa exerts anti‐aging effects by maintaining the quiescence and decreasing the senescence of HSCs.
Mapping novel genetic loci associated with female liver weight variations using Collaborative Cross mice
Authors: Abu‐Toamih Atamni Hanifa J. , Botzman Maya , Mott Richard , Gat‐Viks Irit , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundLiver weight is a complex trait, controlled by polygenic factors and differs within populations. Dissecting the genetic architecture underlying these variations will facilitate the search for key role candidate genes involved directly in the hepatomegaly process and indirectly involved in related diseases etiology.MethodsLiver weight of 506 mice generated from 39 different Collaborative Cross (CC) lines with both sexes at age 20 weeks old was determined using an electronic balance. Genomic DNA of the CC lines was genotyped with high‐density single nucleotide polymorphic markers.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) variation of liver weight between the CC lines, with broad sense heritability (H2) of 0.32 and genetic coefficient of variation (CVG) of 0.28. Subsequently, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed, and results showed a significant QTL only for females on chromosome 8 at genomic interval 88.61‐93.38 Mb (4.77 Mb). Three suggestive QTL were mapped at chromosomes 4, 12 and 13. The four QTL were designated as LWL1‐LWL4 referring to liver weight loci 1‐4 on chromosomes 8, 4, 12 and 13, respectively.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this report presents, for the first time, the utilization of the CC for mapping QTL associated with baseline liver weight in mice. Our findings demonstrate that liver weight is a complex trait controlled by multiple genetic factors that differ significantly between sexes.
Einflussparameter auf die Spaltrissbildung in Textilbeton
Authors: Preinstorfer Philipp , Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTextilbewehrung ist ein innovativer Werkstoff, der es ermöglicht, leichte, filigrane Bauwerke auch im Betonbau umzusetzen. Der Werkstoff besteht aus Multifilamentrovingen, die nach heutigem Stand der Technik mit einer Tränkung aus Reaktionsharzen oder wässrigen Dispersionen versehen werden, um die Verbundeigenschaften zu verbessern. Untersuchungen, die am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der TU Wien durchgeführt wurden, haben gezeigt, dass bei hohen Beanspruchungen vor allem epoxidharzgetränkte Textilien zum Abspalten der Betondeckung neigen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden weiterführende Untersuchungen vorgenommen. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird versucht, die unterschiedlichen Einflussparameter auf eine beginnende Spaltrissbildung zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Dazu sind Verbunduntersuchungen an Rovingen durchgeführt worden, an denen die einzelnen Einflussparameter separiert wurden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass vor allem die Querschnittsgeometrie und die Längsform der Rovinge eine entscheidende Rolle auf das Verbundverhalten und die Entstehung von Spaltrissen hat, wohingegen der Knotenwiderstand von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist. Aufbauend auf diesen Untersuchungen können Überlegungen zur Modifizierung von bisher am Markt erhältlichen Textilien vorgenommen werden, um eine Neigung zur Spaltrissbildung zu verringern.
Three‐Dimensional N‐doped Porous Carbon Derived from Monosodium Glutamate for Capacitive Deionization and the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Xian , Zhao Cuijiao , Wang Haojie , Lu Haisheng , Kang Shenghong , Zhou Hongjian , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun , Wang Guozhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising desalination technology and its development is highly dependent on the electrode materials. Here, a three‐dimensional N‐doped porous carbon (3D‐NPC) was fabricated for use as a CDI electrode material through the one‐step carbonization process with C5H8NO4Na as the carbon and nitrogen source and NaCl as a template. Benefiting from high‐level N doping (4.93 at %) and a high surface area of 1481 m2 g−1 with an interconnected hierarchical porous structure propitious to the ion and electron transportation, the 3D‐NPC exhibited an excellent desalination capacity in CDI. It was also very impressive that 3D‐NPC was used as an electrode material for a Zn‐air battery, displaying outstanding catalytic performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.34 V. Furthermore, the Zn−air battery can drive the operation of a CDI device, showing a high salt adsorption capacity of 19.4 mg g−1 and good applicable stability. The findings in this work will pave a way to develop energy‐integrated capacitive deionization technology.
Low‐energy reverse osmosis membrane with high boron rejection by surface modification with a polysaccharide
Authors: Raval Hiren , Sundarkumar Varun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present paper aims at producing a high‐performance low‐energy reverse osmosis membrane by modifying the polyamide layer with potassium persulphate, chitosan, and methacrylic acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment. A supramolecular assembly of chitosan was made on the polyamide layer with methacrylic acid to increase the permeate flux. The concentrations of chitosan and methacrylic acid were varied to investigate the best combination of treatment to achieve superior performance. The membrane treated with 1000 mg/L chitosan and 4 % methacrylic acid showed permeate water‐flux 3.2 times that of virgin TFC RO membrane with a ∼2 % decline in salt rejection and a boron rejection of 97.45 % at pH 10. This membrane demonstrated energy saving of 68.78 % as compared to virgin thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane. Membranes were tested for hydrophilicity by contact angle analysis, surface charge by zeta potential analysis, morphology evaluation by scanning electron microscope, surface features by atomic force microscope, and chemical structural changes by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Significant enhancement in membrane performance was observed by surface modification to achieve ultra‐low energy reverse osmosis process development.
Longevity and sexual maturity vary across species with number of cortical neurons, and humans are no exception
Authors: Herculano‐Houzel Suzana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaximal longevity of endotherms has long been considered to increase with decreasing specific metabolic rate, and thus with increasing body mass. Using a dataset of over 700 species, here I show that maximal longevity, age at sexual maturity, and postmaturity longevity across bird and mammalian species instead correlate primarily, and universally, with the number of cortical brain neurons. Correlations with metabolic rate and body mass are entirely explained by clade‐specific relationships between these variables and numbers of cortical neurons across species. Importantly, humans reach sexual maturity and subsequently live just as long as expected for their number of cortical neurons, which eliminates the basis for earlier theories of protracted childhood and prolonged post‐menopause longevity as derived human characteristics. Longevity might increase together with numbers of cortical neurons through their impact on three main factors: delay of sexual maturity, which postpones the onset of aging; lengthening of the period of viable physiological integration and adaptation, which increases postmaturity longevity; and improved cognitive capabilities that benefit survival of the self and of longer‐lived progeny, and are conducive to prolonged learning and cultural transmission through increased generational overlap. Importantly, the findings indicate that theories of aging and neurodegenerative diseases should take absolute time lived besides relative “age” into consideration.
The relationship between color black and economic trends in Women's fashion
Authors: Koh Youngrim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEconomic fluctuation is one of the important factors for fashion color planning. Black is a color that stands out especially when the economy stagnates. Although the correlations between different uses of the color black and economic trends have been long recognized by fashion professionals, it is difficult to find a meaningful empirical analysis of the difference in the use of black depending on the economic situation. The purpose of this study is not only to quantitatively analyze the different usages of the color black in relation to economic situation in the field of fashion, but also to prove whether black is in greater use during economic recession and to provide basic data for fashion color planning accordingly. In addition, this study analyzed the symbolism of black qualitatively along with quantitative data to explain the background of black as a representative color of depression. In this study, the economic outlook is classified from the viewpoint of comprehensive economy, consumers, and businessmen and the differences of how black was used in fashion are analyzed. As an indicator of economic fluctuation, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Composite Leading Index, OECD Consumer Confidence Index and OECD Business Confidence Index are used to categorize economic uptrend (positive mood) and economic downtrend (negative mood). The fashion colors collected from the 2001‐2010 New York collection were divided into S/S and F/W seasons. As a result of the analysis, there was no difference in the use of black according to the OECD Composite Leading Index and Consumer Confidence Index, both in the S/S and the F/W seasons. But the use of black increased in both the S/S and the F/W seasons when businessmen predicted recession. The analysis shows that black fashion merchandise volume is increased by 5% in the F/W season and 7% in the S/S season when businessmen expect the economy to be negative mood. The reason why black products are highlighted in the recession is because black is the symbol of will, charisma, and temperance, and is the basic color that occupies the largest proportion in the fashion collection. During economic recession there is more attention on business look, and black is an element of the androgynous look for the contemporary armor and of power‐dressing to complete the business look, as a color for the spirit and inner strength. Black is the color that is the most preferred color in the fashion field. At the time of recession when everything is uncertain from the standpoint of fashion merchandisers, black with its multifaceted attributes cannot be denied to be the best choice to appeal to consumers.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mechanically Disaggregated Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsies
Authors: Wheeler M. , White G. , Brockie S. , Dickson M. , Weinkove R. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBone marrow (BM) aspirate analysis by flow cytometry (FC) is a key hematopathologic technique but dry taps hinder diagnosis. We describe the utility and limitations of a method of mechanically disaggregating BM trephine biopsies for FC.MethodTrephine biopsies mechanically disaggregated for FC between 2010 and 2016 were reviewed. We recorded cell yield, pathological findings, and turnaround time. Where available, results of trephine FC were compared with aspirate FC.ResultsEighty BM trephine samples were processed, representing 4.3% of BM biopsies. Mechanical disaggregation yielded cellular samples in 98% of cases (median yield 3 × 106 nucleated cells). The most frequent diagnoses were B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 26) and acute leukemia (n = 18). Trephine FC correlated with histochemistry findings in 94% of cases, but two Hodgkin lymphoma infiltrates were missed by FC, and trephine FC underestimated B cell infiltrate burden compared to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fluorescence intensity of CD34 and CD45 on disease populations was similar in processed trephine and contemporaneous aspirate samples. Trephine FC results were available 2 days earlier than stained IHC slides.ConclusionMechanical disaggregation of BM trephine samples provided a cellular suspension suitable for diagnostic FC in most cases. Limitations were similar to aspirate FC: disease burden was underestimated and some infiltrates were missed. Trephine FC results were available earlier than trephine IHC. We conclude that trephine FC is a useful technique to complement trephine IHC in the event of a failed aspirate, providing rapid diagnostic immunophenotyping. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Development of environmental risk assessment framework and methodology for consumer product chemicals in China
Authors: Fan Ming , Liu Zhengtao , Dyer Scott , Federle Thomas , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) methodologies for consumer product chemicals are well established in most developed regions including the United States, Canada, and the European Union. However, such methodologies are not yet fully developed for emerging economies, such as China. The objective of the present study was to develop an ERA framework involving an exposure methodology using conditions specific to China (i.e., physical setting, infrastructure, and consumers’ habits and practice). Incorporated in this newly developed ERA framework for assessing consumer product chemicals were China's current regulatory screening and prioritization schemes as part of a tiered risk assessment approach. The framework started with tier 0, which utilized the existing Chinese regulatory qualitative method; tiers 1 and 2 were quantitative, and used deterministic and probabilistic methods that accounted for per capita residential water usage, wastewater treatment capability, and wastewater/in-stream dilution factors. Due to major differences in wastewater treatment infrastructure and water usage between urban versus rural regions in China, 2 scenarios were identified for quantitatively assessing environmental exposure: 1) urban with wastewater treatment, and 2) rural without wastewater treatment (i.e., direct discharge of wastewater). Our study presents the methodology of the framework with its technical rationale and the companion model Chera, and also provides an overview of the current status of ERA research in China. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:250–261. © 2018 SETAC
Improving the reliability and ecological validity of pharmaceutical risk assessment: Turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) as a model in behavioral ecotoxicology
Authors: Thoré Eli S.J. , Steenaerts Laure , Philippe Charlotte , Grégoir Arnout F. , Brendonck Luc , Pinceel Tom 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are essential for human well-being, but their increasing and continuous use pollutes the environment. Although behavioral ecotoxicology is increasingly advocated to assess the effects of pharmaceutical pollution on wildlife and ecosystems, a consensus on the actual environmental risks is lacking for most compounds. The main limitation is the lack of standardized reproducible tests that are based on sensitive behavioral endpoints and that accommodate a high ecological relevance. In the present study, we assessed the impact of a 3-wk exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine on multiple behavioral traits in the promising new model organism Nothobranchius furzeri (turquoise killifish). Overall, our study shows that fluoxetine can impact feeding behavior, habitat choice in a novel environment, and antipredator response of N. furzeri individuals; effects on spontaneous activity and exploration tendency were less pronounced. However, effects became only apparent when individuals were exposed to fluoxetine concentrations that were 10 times higher than typical concentrations in natural aquatic environments. Ecotoxicologists are challenged to maximize both the reliability and ecological validity of risk assessments of pollutants. Our study contributes to the development of a time- and cost-efficient, standardized ecotoxicological test based on sensitive, ecologically relevant behavioral endpoints in N. furzeri. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:262–270. © 2018 SETAC
Overnight Steady‐State Infusions of Parenteral Nutrition on Myosin Heavy Chain Transcripts in Rectus Abdominis Muscle Related to Amino Acid Transporters, Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1, and Blood Amino Acids in Patients Aimed at Major Surgery
Authors: Iresjö Britt‐Marie , Engström Cecilia , Smedh Ulrika , Lundholm Kent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground: Evaluation of improvements by nutrition support to severely ill patients requires sensitive methods to demonstrate activation of protein synthesis in various tissues from groups with a limited number of patients to be statistically efficient. This study examines effects of standard parenteral nutrition (PN) on abdominal muscle transcripts of amino acid (AA) transporters, myosin heavy chains (MHCs), and the insulin‐like growth factor 1 and its receptor (IGF‐1/IGF‐1R) in patients aimed at major surgery. Methods: Twenty‐two randomized patients received steady‐state PN (0.16 gN/kg/d, 30 kcal/kg/d) or saline infusions for 12 hours before operation. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained at operation start. Muscle messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of AA transporters (solute carrier family members SNAT2, LAT1, LAT3, LAT4, TAUT, PAT1, CD98), IGF‐1, IGF‐1R, MHC isoforms (MHC1, MHC2A, MHC2X), and LAT3 protein were quantified and related to concentrations of AA, IGF‐1, insulin, and metabolic substrates in blood. Results: Muscle mRNA LAT3, LAT4, IGF‐1R, and MHC2A increased by PN infusion, with correlations to specific AA transporters and MHC isoforms (P < .01–.05). TAUT and LAT3 correlated to slow (MHC1) and fast (MHC2A, MHC2X) isoforms (P < .001–.02). Muscle IGF‐1 mRNA correlated to plasma essential AAs, whereas IGF‐1R mRNA was related to LAT3, MHC2A, and serum IGF‐1 (P < .001–.03). Conclusions: The results confirm that short‐term preoperative PN activates transcription of AA transporters and myosin isoforms. Thus, combinations of methods on gene transcription and translation of muscle proteins can be applied to define efficient combinations of nutrition and hormones to catabolic patients in preoperative and postoperative settings.
Characterization of physicochemical properties of casein mixture preparation extracted from organic milk for use as an emulsifier in organic processed foods
Authors: Byun Yeon‐Kyeong , Hwang Se‐Hee , Lee Jin‐Hee 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSodium caseinate (SC) is not considered suitable for use as an emulsifier in organic processed food in the food industry because of the use of prohibited synthetic chemical substances during its production. Casein mixture preparation (CMP), one of the permissible substances specified in the regulations, was isolated from organic milk using citric acid and dibasic potassium phosphate for organic processed foods.RESULTSTo compare CMP and SC, model emulsions stabilized with each substance were prepared at various concentrations and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The emulsions' stability was determined using Turbiscan under various environmental stresses. The zeta potential of SC and CPM showed a high surface charge (≤ 30 mV) at all protein concentrations. Because the concentration of the protein preparation increased to 0.75% (w/v), the particle size of the CMP emulsion decreased with the surface load increased as much as that of SC. The CMP and SC emulsions were stable at neutral pH and room temperature. However, at acidic pH and high temperature, both emulsions were destabilized by creaming and flocculation and increased the creaming migration rates.CONCLUSIONOverall, our data suggest the use of CMP as an emulsifier substitute for SC in organic processed foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry