bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of hyperspectral imaging on meat and meat products.
Authors: Prieto N. , Osika E. , Aalhus J. L. , Lopez-Campos O. , Juarez M. , Pawluczyk O. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Consumers' demand for quality and healthfulness has led to a higher need for quality assurance in meat production, which has increased interest in hyperspectral imaging (HSI). By merging both spatial and spectral features in one single system, HSI has the advantage of being effective for the rapid, environmentally friendly and non-invasive quality assessment, without further sample preparation. This review highlights recent publications using HSI technology for quantitative and qualitative purposes in the meat sector, where discrepancies between published studies and potential sources of variability are discussed. Many of the studies surveyed in this review show the potential of HSI systems to become a rapid and objective assay for quality assessment and classification/detection purposes of meat and meat products. However, some limitations of this technology, mainly associated with intrinsic high dimensionality of data, have also been indicated. Several methods to overcome the disadvantages, such as implementing fast and more efficient algorithms or selection of the optimal wavelengths for analysis through new dimension reduction methods, are discussed and their performance evaluated. Using selected studies, the methods leading to more efficient prediction results are illustrated. The process of improvement starting from full spectral range through the selection of optimal wavelengths for each attribute separately to finally systems in which one set of optimal wavelengths is used for prediction of different attributes or in which one set of wavelengths is used for the determination of the same attribute of different meat species is shown. The HSI systems have undergone significant changes and advances in lighting systems, spectral data acquisition devices, detectors and algorithms in the last few years. Efforts to develop dedicated instrument for particular applications (specifically tenderness prediction) are discussed. Some issues remain, however, unresolved as more improvement in terms of speed and processing is needed before the HSI technology can be effectively implemented in commercial meat processing plants for the non-destructive and rapid quality assessment and sorting in real-time.
Elimination Characteristics of the Alcohol Biomarker Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in Blood during Alcohol Detoxification
Authors: Helander Anders , Böttcher Michael , Dahmen Norbert , Beck Olof 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
The study documented elimination characteristics of three phosphatidylethanol (PEth) homologs in serially collected blood samples from 47 heavy drinkers during ~2 weeks of alcohol detoxification at hospital.

Methods
Venous whole blood and urine samples were collected every 1–2 days during treatment. Concentrations of PEth, and of urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) to detect relapse drinking, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
When included in the study, negative or decreasing breath ethanol concentrations demonstrated that the patients were in the elimination phase. The EtG and EtS measurements further confirmed alcohol abstinence during the study, with three exceptions. On admission, all patients tested positive for PEth, the total concentration ranging 0.82–11.7 (mean 6.35, median 5.88) μmol/l. PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/20:4 accounted for on average ~42%, ~26% and ~9%, respectively, of total PEth in these samples. There were good correlations between total PEth and individual homologs (P &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant difference in PEth values between male and female subjects. During abstinence, the elimination half-life values ranged 3.5–9.8 days for total PEth, 3.7–10.4 days for PEth 16:0/18:1, 2.7–8.5 days for PEth 16:0/18:2 and 2.3–8.4 days for PEth 16:0/20:4.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated a very high sensitivity (100%) of PEth as alcohol biomarker for recent heavy drinking, but considerable differences in the elimination rates between individuals and between different PEth forms. This indicates that it is possible to make only approximate estimates of the quantity and recency of alcohol intake based on a single PEth value.
Katherine Anne Porter’s Familiar Countries
Authors: Taylor Melanie Benson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a career that spanned nearly half a century, Katherine Anne Porter developed a transregional, transhistorical consciousness marked by the multiple, iterative contagions of modernity. Considered mainly a Southern writer—despite marginal claims to both the region’s territories and its elite genealogies—Porter habitually displaced a complex Southern imaginary onto unlikely places and times. This essay locates Porter’s most “Southern” meditations in remote contexts, including her commentaries on postrevolutionary Mexico, where she spent much of the 1920s; her lifelong work on a never-completed biography of the Puritan polymath Cotton Mather; her unpublished Bermuda poems; and her only completed novel, Ship of Fools (1962), which charts a transatlantic voyage on a second-class cruise liner. Porter protected her South fiercely but dialectically; her stake in a Southern narrative would emerge only circuitously, by way of alternative geographies and narratives where she identified variously with the elite and the dispossessed. In the end, Porter’s South poses an instructive challenge for the scholars still attempting to define and deconstruct the region: it is at once everywhere and nowhere; an agent and an inheritor of colonial-capitalist trauma; a refuge and a nightmare.
Multiscale Structure–Function Gradients in the Neonatal Connectome
Authors: Larivière Sara , Vos de Wael Reinder , Hong Seok-Jun , Paquola Casey , Tavakol Shahin , Lowe Alexander J , Schrader Dewi V , Bernhardt Boris C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The adult functional connectome is well characterized by a macroscale spatial gradient of connectivity traversing from unimodal toward higher-order transmodal cortices that recapitulates known principles of hierarchical organization and myelination patterns. Despite an emerging literature assessing connectome properties in neonates, the presence of connectome gradients and particularly their correspondence to microstructure remains largely unknown. We derived connectome gradients using unsupervised techniques applied to functional connectivity data from 40 term-born neonates. A series of cortex-wide analysis examined associations to magnetic resonance imaging-derived morphological parameters (cortical thickness, sulcal depth, curvature), measures of tissue microstructure (intracortical T1w/T2w intensity, superficial white matter diffusion parameters), and subcortico-cortical functional connectivity. Our findings indicate that the primary neonatal connectome gradient runs between sensorimotor and visual anchors and captures specific associations to cortical and superficial white matter microstructure as well as thalamo-cortical connectivity. A second gradient indicated an anterior-to-posterior asymmetry in macroscale connectivity alongside an immature differentiation between unimodal and transmodal areas, indicating a connectome-level circuitry en route to an adult-like organization. Our findings reveal an important coordination of structural and functional interactions in the neonatal connectome across spatial scales. Observed associations were replicable across individual neonates, suggesting consistency and generalizability.
EHRA White Paper: knowledge gaps in arrhythmia management—status 2019
Authors: Goette Andreas , Auricchio Angelo , Boriani Giuseppe , Braunschweig Frieder , Terradellas Josep Brugada , Burri Haran , Camm A John , Crijns Harry , Dagres Nikolaos , Deharo Jean-Claude , Dobrev Dobromir , Hatala Robert , Hindricks Gerhard , Hohnloser Stefan H , Leclercq Christophe , Lewalter Thorsten , Lip Gregory Y H , Merino Jose Luis , Mont Lluis , Prinzen Frits , Proclemer Alessandro , Pürerfellner Helmut , Savelieva Irina , Schilling Richard , Steffel Jan , van Gelder Isabelle C , Zeppenfeld Katja , Zupan Igor , Heidbüchel Hein ,   ESC Scientific Document Group, Boveda Serge , Defaye Pascal , Brignole Michele , Chun Jongi , Guerra Ramos Jose M , Fauchier Laurent , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Traykov Vassil B , Heinzel Frank R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Clinicians accept that there are many unknowns when we make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Acceptance of uncertainty is essential for the pursuit of the profession: bedside decisions must often be made on the basis of incomplete evidence. Over the years, physicians sometimes even do not realize anymore which the fundamental gaps in our knowledge are. As clinical scientists, however, we have to halt and consider what we do not know yet, and how we can move forward addressing those unknowns. The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) believes that scanning the field of arrhythmia / cardiac electrophysiology to identify knowledge gaps which are not yet the subject of organized research, should be undertaken on a regular basis. Such a review (White Paper) should concentrate on research which is feasible, realistic, and clinically relevant, and should not deal with futuristic aspirations. It fits with the EHRA mission that these White Papers should be shared on a global basis in order to foster collaborative and needed research which will ultimately lead to better care for our patients. The present EHRA White Paper summarizes knowledge gaps in the management of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia/sudden death and heart failure.
Fermentation as a driver for food innovation
Authors: Hartmann Anna Loraine , Behrendt Rikke Adelsten , Frøst Michael Bom 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The following paper is reviewing the current trends in research connected to fermentation, highlighting the work carried out in the various research kitchens that have gained a new understanding of fermentation in the recent years. The reflection on the developments made both on microbiological as well on the technological level aims to create pathways within the research fields in order to foster new innovations within the food production system.
Using the Carrot as the Stick: US Foreign Aid and the Effectiveness of Sanctions Threats
Authors: Early Bryan R , Jadoon Amira 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe theorize that foreign aid relationships influence both the effectiveness of economic sanctions threats and the aggressiveness of senders in imposing sanctions. Aid sanctions are generally far less costly for senders than imposing commercially oriented sanctions but can still be very costly for their targets. Being able to disrupt aid flows as part of potential sanctions enhances sender states’ credibility that they will impose painful sanctions against resisting target states. The more foreign aid a sender provides to a target state, the more successful we expect its sanctions threats to be and the more aggressive we expect the sender to be in imposing sanctions if the target resists. We test our theory using a competing risks analysis of ongoing, politically motivated sanctions threats issued by the United States from 1960–2010. Our analyses support our theory by revealing that the more foreign aid that the United States provides to target states, the more likely US sanctions threats are to succeed and the more aggressive the United States becomes in imposing sanctions.
Investigating fecundity and egg loss using a non-invasive method during brooding in European lobster (Homarus gammarus)
Authors: Coleman Matthew T , Porter Joanne S , Bell Michael C 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines two important components of measurement of fecundity in the European lobster Homarus gammarus: (i) comparing the traditional gravimetric dry weight fecundity method against two non-invasive depth gauge methods initially developed for Homarus americanus and (ii) utilizing the depth gauge method to determine egg loss during the brooding period and its impacts on effective fecundity estimates. No significant difference was observed between fecundity estimates derived using either the traditional or depth gauge methods. Derived fecundity estimates from the two depth gauge methods differed by −0.31% (±2.7 s.e.) for cylinder and −1.1% (±2.4 s.e.) for ellipsoid fecundity estimates compared with the traditional method. This highlights the utility of the depth gauge method for providing fast, reliable and low-cost estimates without sacrificing lobsters or their egg masses. Egg loss is estimated to be as high as 44% from initial extrusion to hatching. The application of the non-invasive methods for estimating fecundity to other fisheries and stocks is discussed along with the importance of understanding egg loss in this commercially valuable fishery.
Discrete-time sliding mode control for a class of nonlinear process
Authors: Ma Luning , Zhao Dongya , Zhang Shuzhan , Feng Jiehua , Cao Lei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The efficient control of nonlinear processes is generally considered to be challenging. The development of digital computers promotes the study of nonlinear process control technology. Due to the discrete sampling of digital computer, it is necessary to develop the corresponding control algorithms for nonlinear processes. In this paper, a new equivalent control-based discrete-time sliding mode control is proposed for a class of nonlinear process with uncertainty and external disturbance. An adaptive law and a disturbance observer are designed to estimate the uncertainty and the disturbance, respectively. By combining with them, the new discrete-time sliding mode control is developed with good performance. The corresponding theoretical analysis is well verified by using Lyapunov function. Finally, the proposed approach is demonstrated by case studies in light of MATLAB.
Stromal Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in NRG Oncology/NSABP B-31 Adjuvant Trial for Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Rim S , Song Nan , Gavin Patrick G , Salgado Roberto , Bandos Hanna , Kos Zuzana , Floris Giuseppe , Eynden Gert G G M Van den , Badve Sunil , Demaria Sandra , Rastogi Priya , Fehrenbacher Louis , Mamounas Eleftherios P , Swain Sandra M , Wickerham D Lawrence , Costantino Joseph P , Paik Soonmyung , Wolmark Norman , Geyer Charles E , Lucas Peter C , Pogue-Geile Katherine L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We retrospectively assessed association of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) with clinical outcomes and molecular variables reportedly predictive of trastuzumab-benefit in National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-31 (N = 2130). sTILs were assessed in 1581 eligible B-31 cases utilizing all available hematoxylin and eosin slides. Mean concordance between main reviewer and six other pathologists was 90.8% in 100 cases. Cox regressions were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). In chemotherapy and trastuzumab added to chemotherapy arms, increases in sTILs, as a semicontinuous variable (combined arms HR = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.27 to 0.64, two-sided P < .001) or as lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer with more than 50% sTILs (combined arms HR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.49 to 0.86, two-sided P = .003) were statistically significantly associated with improved disease-free survival. There was no association of sTILs with trastuzumab benefit. However, higher sTILs were statistically significantly associated with higher trastuzumab benefit groups by 8-gene prediction model (two-sided P < .001). Neither PIK3CA mutations nor Fc-gamma-receptor polymorphisms were associated with sTILs. sTILs may have utility as a prognostic biomarker identifying HER2-positive early breast cancer at low recurrence risk.
Preamble
Authors: Lord Janet E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the preamble to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The preamble consists of twenty-five paragraphs, and is thus half the length of the operative provisions of the treaty. Of the core human rights conventions, it is by far the longest preamble among them. Preambles to human rights treaties, as with all treaty preambles, are introductory statements that set out the treaty’s purpose, underlying philosophy, drafters’ intent, and historical evolution. The preamble facilitates treaty interpretation; supports the interpretation of particular provisions which are less precise than they should be by its indication of the general idea behind them, and indicates the spirit in which they should be applied; and can contribute to the crystallization of an international rule.
Awareness-Raising
Authors: Bariffi Francisco J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 8 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Unlike most other provisions in the CRPD, there is no mainstreamed equality approach in Article 8. While most CRPD provisions set forth a general duty upon states parties to ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy their human rights on equality of basis with others, Article 8 seems to include a series of obligations which are not necessarily associated with the equality standard. Thus, at first glance, the article might appear as a rather ‘decorative’ provision among many other relevant rights recognition statements. However, a closer look at the rationale and legal implication lets us understand the importance of this provision in building the groundwork for the paradigm shift. Without social awareness among the list of purposes underlying the CRPD, most of its provisions might end up wholly moot.
Entry Into Force
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 45 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which deals with the entry into force of the Convention. The practice of the UN in respect of multilateral treaties suggests an antipathy towards their entry into force without a substantial quorum of ratifications. Article 45(1) CRPD does not depart from the UN model whereby a treaty enters into force in relation to existing (ratifying) parties and not independently of them. In accordance with customary law as reflected in Article 24(4) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Article 45 CRPD applies not from the moment the treaty enters into force, but rather from the ‘moment of the adoption of the text’. The adoption of the text of a treaty does not necessarily coincide with the signing of the treaty. The text of the CRPD was adopted on 13 December 2006 but was opened for signature on 30 March 2007.
Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Authorized Deception: A Pilot Comparison of Healthy Controls and Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Goo Susan J , Frangos Eleni , Richards Emily A , Ceko Marta , Justement Brenda L , Korb Patrick , Walitt Brian T , Colloca Luana , Bushnell M Catherine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about the perceptions and attitudes of participants who volunteer in studies involving authorized deception. Thus, this cross-sectional pilot study measured, for the first time, the perceptions about participation in an authorized-deception placebo analgesia study in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia and assessed whether their perceptions differed from healthy controls.

Methods
An anonymous survey with questions about trust in research and willingness to participate in future research involving deception was mailed to participants in both groups after completion of the parent study. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests (31 controls and 16 fibromyalgia patients were included in the analyses).

Results
The majority of participants expressed little or no concern about the deception, still trusted the scientific process, and found the debriefing procedure helpful and worthwhile. Group differences were found in willingness to 1) participate in the parent study had the deceptive element been disclosed in advance (controls = definitely, fibromyalgia patients = probably, U = 341.5, P = 0.01) and 2) participate in future studies (controls = definitely, fibromyalgia patients = probably, U = 373, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Despite slightly less favorable responses of fibromyalgia patients and the relatively small size of the study, these findings suggest that attitudes and perceptions about participating in an authorized placebo study remain positive in both healthy and chronic pain populations.
Damped White Noise Diffusion with Memory for Diffusing Microprobes in Ageing Fibrin Gels
Authors: Aure R.R.L. , Bernido C.C. , Carpio-Bernido M.V. , Bacabac R.G. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTFrom observations of colloidal tracer particles in fibrin undergoing gelation, we introduce an analytical framework that allows determination of the probability density function (PDF) for a stochastic process beyond fractional Brownian motion. Using passive microrheology via videomicroscopy, mean square displacements (MSD) of tracer particles suspended in fibrin at different ageing times are obtained. The anomalous diffusion is then described by a damped white noise process with memory, with analytical results closely matching experimental plots of MSD and PDF. We further show that the white noise functional stochastic approach applied to passive microrheology reveals the existence of a gelation parameterμwhich elucidates the dynamics of constrained tracer particles embedded in a time dependent soft material. This study offers experimental insights on the ageing of fibrin gels while presenting a white noise functional stochastic approach that could be applied to other systems exhibiting non-Markovian diffusive behavior.
HCF-2 inhibits cell proliferation and activates differentiation-gene expression programs
Authors: Gudkova Daria , Dergai Oleksandr , Praz Viviane , Herr Winship 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHCF-2 is a member of thehost-cell-factor protein family, which arose in early vertebrate evolution as a result of gene duplication. Whereas its paralog, HCF-1, is known to act as a versatile chromatin-associated protein required for cell proliferation and differentiation, much less is known about HCF-2. Here, we show that HCF-2 is broadly present in human and mouse cells, and possesses activities distinct from HCF-1. Unlike HCF-1, which is excluded from nucleoli, HCF-2 is nucleolar — an activity conferred by one and a half C-terminal Fibronectin type 3 repeats and inhibited by the HCF-1 nuclear localization signal. Elevated HCF-2 synthesis in HEK-293 cells results in phenotypes reminiscent of HCF-1-depleted cells, including inhibition of cell proliferation and mitotic defects. Furthermore, increased HCF-2 levels in HEK-293 cells lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and metabolism gene-expression programs with parallel activation of differentiation and morphogenesis gene-expression programs. Thus, the HCF ancestor appears to have evolved into a small two-member protein family possessing contrasting nuclear vs. nucleolar localization, and cell proliferation and differentiation functions.