bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Fetal Cardiac Axis and Cardiac Position Assessment in Predicting Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Fetal Congenital Lung Lesions
Authors: Tuzovic Lea , Copel Joshua A. , Stitelman David H. , Levit Orly , Bahtiyar Mert Ozan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic performance of the fetal cardiac axis (CA) and/or cardiac position (CP) versus the congenital pulmonary malformation volume ratio (CVR) in predicting any and severe neonatal respiratory morbidity in fetal congenital lung lesions.MethodsThis work was an 11‐year retrospective cohort study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CA and/or CP assessment in prediction of respiratory morbidity were calculated before 24 weeks’ gestation and between 24 and 32 weeks and compared to CVR cutoffs obtained from the literature.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included. CA and/or CP abnormalities were present in 45% and 38% of patients before 24 weeks and between 24 and 32 weeks and were significantly more common in left‐ versus right‐sided lesions (60% versus 17%; P = .003). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of an abnormal CA and/or CP for any and severe respiratory morbidity were 0.67, 0.61, 0.33, and 0.86 and 0.8, 0.58, 0.17, and 0.97 before 24 weeks and 0.75, 0.73, 0.45, and 0.91 and 0.8, 0.67, 0.20, and 0.97 between 24 and 32 weeks, respectively. An abnormal CA and/or CP had higher sensitivity for any respiratory morbidity compared to the CVR at 0.5 and 0.8 cutoffs both before 24 weeks and between 24 and 32 weeks (P < .05).ConclusionsAn abnormal CA and/or CP before 24 weeks and between 24 and 32 weeks has higher sensitivity for the detection of any respiratory morbidity at birth compared to the CVR at both 0.5 and 0.8 cutoffs. A normal CA and CP have a high negative predictive value for excluding any respiratory morbidity at birth both before 24 weeks and between 24 and 32 weeks.
Population‐based study of congenital heart disease and revisits after pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Miller Rebecca , Tumin Dmitry , McKee Christopher , Raman Vidya T. , Tobias Joseph D. , Cooper Jennifer N. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveAccurate assessment of risk factors such as congenital heart disease (CHD) can aid in risk stratification of children presenting for surgery. Risk stratification is especially important in tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy (T/A), a common pediatric procedure that is usually performed electively, but that has a high rate of adverse events. In this study, we examined the association of CHD with revisits after T/A.MethodsWe identified children who underwent T/A at hospitals and hospital‐owned facilities during 2010 to 2014 using the State Inpatient Databases and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases of Florida, Georgia, Iowa, New York, and Utah. We evaluated the association between CHD severity and the occurrence of an unplanned hospital readmission or ED visit within 30 days following discharge using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis included 244,598 patients, of whom 858 had minor or major CHD. In multivariable analysis, CHD was not associated with an increased risk of 30‐day revisits (minor OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.5; P = .65; major OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.6; P = .34). Other comorbidities, including chromosomal anomalies (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.6; P < .001), congenital airway anomalies (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.7; P = .03), and neuromuscular impairment (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.7; P < .001) predicted an increased likelihood of revisits.ConclusionNeither minor nor major CHD was independently associated with an increased risk of 30‐day revisits among children undergoing T/A. Other characteristics, particularly non‐cardiac comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and geographic region may be of greater utility for predicting revisit risk following pediatric T/A.Level of Evidence2b
Effects of the number of advertised brands in a choice set: A metacognitive process
Authors: Chang Chingching , Chang Wei‐Shan , Yu Wan‐Yun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen product shelves feature more advertised brands, such that the choice set likely contains some familiar options, this subjective experience of familiarity could influence consumers' evaluations of chosen products and shopping experiences, through a metacognitive process. The findings of this study suggest that (a) a product shelf displaying some advertised brands, as opposed to no advertised brands, generates greater subjective familiarity, more favorable attitudes toward the purchased items, more shopping satisfaction, and greater intentions to revisit the store; and similarly, (b) a product shelf displaying more, as opposed to fewer, advertised brands generates greater subjective familiarity, more favorable attitudes toward the purchased items, more shopping satisfaction, and greater intentions to revisit the store. These outcomes result from a three‐step metacognitive process, whereby the subjective familiarity triggered by the presence of advertised brands influences judgments, through the effect of shopping pleasure. These results are robust for high‐ and low‐involvement products, as well as in contexts in which the prices of the advertised brands are higher than, lower than, or the same as those of the nonadvertised brands.
Continuous versus intermittent oral administration of levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations: A pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy study
Authors: Warren Olanow C. , Torti Margherita , Kieburtz Karl , Leinonen Mika , Vacca Laura , Grassini Paola , Heller Adam , Heller Ephraim , Stocchi Fabrizio 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundLaboratory and clinical evidence indicate that continous delivery of levodopa is associated with reduced motor complications compared to standard intermittent levodopa.ObjectiveTo assess the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of continuous oral delivery of l‐dopa/carbidopa in PD patients with motor fluctuations.MethodsEighteen PD patients with motor fluctuations were enrolled in an open‐label study comparing pharmacokinetics and efficacy measures between standard intermittent oral l‐dopa/carbidopa and “continuous” oral l‐dopa/carbidopa. Continuous treatment was operationally defined as sips of an l‐dopa dispersion at 5‐ to 10‐minute intervals. On day 1, patients received their usual oral l‐dopa/carbidopa doses. On day 2, patients received l‐dopa/carbidopa dose by “continuous” oral administration. On day 3, patients received a single dose of oral l‐dopa/carbidopa followed by continuous administration of l‐dopa/carbidopa. Each study period was 8 hours, and the total l‐dopa/carbidopa dose administered was the same on each day. Analyses of variability were primarily‐based samples drawn between 4 and 8 hours when subjects were in a relative steady state.ResultsThere was less variability in plasma l‐dopa concentration with continuous versus intermittent oral l‐dopa/carbidopa treatment (fluctuation index was 0.99 ± 0.09 vs. 1.38 ± 0.12 [P < 0.001] and coefficient of variation was 0.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 [P < 0.001]). Mean OFF time was decreased by 43% (P < 0.001) with continuous oral l‐dopa therapy. No safety or tolerability issues were observed.ConclusionsContinuous oral delivery of l‐dopa/carbidopa was associated with less plasma variability and reduced off time in comparison to standard intermittent oral l‐dopa/carbidopa therapy. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Resonant tunneling diode photodetectors for optical communications
Authors: Watson Scott , Zhang Weikang , Tavares Joana , Figueiredo Jose , Cantu Horacio , Wang Jue , Wasige Edward , Salgado Henrique , Pessoa Luis , Kelly Anthony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOptical modulation characteristics of resonant tunneling diode photodetectors (RTD‐PD) are investigated. Intensity modulated light excites the RTD‐PDs to conduct data experiments. Simple and complex data patterns are used with results showing data rates up to 80 and 200 Mbit/s, respectively. This is the first demonstration of complex modulation using resonant tunneling diodes.
Simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and T1 measurements using a single reference variable flip angle T1 method
Authors: Svedin Bryant T. , Payne Allison , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeImplement simultaneous proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift and T1 measurements with equivalent temporal resolution using a single reference variable flip angle method. This novel method allows for simultaneous thermometry in both aqueous and fatty tissue.MethodsThis method acquires a single reference image at the lower flip angle and all dynamic images at the higher angle. T1 is calculated using a single reference variable flip angle method, which accounts for the reference image temperature remaining constant. Monte Carlo simulations determined the optimal dynamic flip angle for combined PRF and T1 measurements. This method was evaluated in MR‐guided focused ultrasound heating experiments using a gelatin phantom and human cadaver breasts. In vivo measurement precision was demonstrated in healthy female volunteers under nonheating conditions.ResultsTemperature rise during MR‐guided focused ultrasound heating was measured in aqueous tissue with both PRF and T1. Both measures show good qualitative agreement in both space and time in aqueous tissue. The T1 change due to temperature increase was measured in fat, demonstrating the expected temporal response. The dynamic flip angle that produces optimal SNR for PRF measurements is lower than the optimal angle for T1 measurements, necessitating the selection of a compromise angle.ConclusionThe single reference variable flip angle method provides a reliable way to simultaneously measure PRF temperature and T1 change and overcomes PRF’s inability to simultaneously monitor temperature in aqueous and adipose tissues. Future work will calibrate T1 change to temperature, enabling real‐time temperature in fat and increasing patient safety and treatment efficacy during thermal interventional treatments.
Measuring large lipid droplet sizes by probing restricted lipid diffusion effects with diffusion‐weighted MRS at 3T
Authors: Weidlich Dominik , Honecker Julius , Gmach Oliver , Wu Mingming , Burgkart Rainer , Ruschke Stefan , Franz Daniela , Menze Bjoern H. , Skurk Thomas , Hauner Hans , Kulozik Ulrich , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe in vivo probing of restricted diffusion effects in large lipid droplets on a clinical MR scanner remains a major challenge due to the need for high b‐values and long diffusion times. This work proposes a methodology to probe mean lipid droplet sizes using diffusion‐weighted MRS (DW‐MRS) at 3T.MethodsAn analytical expression for restricted diffusion was used. Simulations were performed to evaluate the noise performance and the influence of particle size distribution. To validate the method, oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared and examined using DW‐MRS, laser deflection and light microscopy. The tibia bone marrow was scanned in volunteers to test the method repeatability and characterize microstructural differences at different locations.ResultsThe simulations showed accurate and precise droplet size estimation when a sufficient SNR is reached with minor dependence on the size distribution. In phantoms, a good correlation between the measured droplet sizes by DW‐MRS and by laser deflection (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.01) and microscopy (R2 = 0.99; P < 0.01) measurements was obtained. A mean coefficient of variation of 11.5 % was found for the lipid droplet diameter in vivo. The average diameter was smaller at a proximal (50.1 ± 7.3 µm) compared with a distal tibia location (61.1 ± 6.8 µm) (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe presented methods were able to probe restricted diffusion effects in lipid droplets using DW‐MRS and to estimate lipid droplet size. The methodology was validated using phantoms and the in vivo feasibility in bone marrow was shown based on a good repeatability and findings in agreement with literature.
A continuum of components: Flexible fast fraction mapping in sodium MRI
Authors: Syeda Warda , Blunck Yasmin , Kolbe Scott , Cleary Jon O. , Johnston Leigh A. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeParameter mapping in sodium MRI data is challenging due to inherently low SNR and spatial resolution, prompting the need to employ robust models and estimation techniques. This work aims to develop a continuum model of sodium ‐decay to overcome the limitations of the commonly employed bi‐exponential models. Estimates of mean ‐decay and fast component fraction in tissue are emergent from the inferred continuum model.MethodsA closed‐form continuum model was derived assuming a gamma distribution of components. Sodium MRI was performed on four healthy human subjects and a phantom consisting of closely packed vials filled with an aqueous solution of varying sodium and agarose concentrations. The continuum model was applied to the phantom and in vivo human multi‐echo 7T data. Parameter maps by voxelwise model‐fitting were obtained.ResultsThe continuum model demonstrated comparable estimation performance to the bi‐exponential model. The parameter maps provided improved contrast between tissue structures. The fast component fraction, an indicator of the heterogeneity of localised sodium motion regimes in tissue, was zero in CSF and high in WM structures.ConclusionsThe continuum distribution model provides high quality, high contrast parameter maps, and informative voxelwise estimates of the relative weighting between fast and slow decay components.
I see the light! Fluorescent proteins suitable for cell wall/apoplast targeting in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Stoddard Angela , Rolland Vivien 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCorrect subcellular targeting is crucial for protein function. Protein location can be visualized in vivo by fusion to a fluorescent protein (FP). Nevertheless, despite intense engineering efforts, most FPs are dim or completely quenched at low pH (<6). This is particularly problematic for the study of proteins targeted to acidic compartments such as vacuoles (pH ~ 3–6) or plant cell walls (pH ~ 3.5–8.3). Plant cell walls play important roles (e.g. structural/protective role, control of growth/morphogenesis), are diverse in structure and function, and are highly dynamic (e.g. during cell growth, in response to biotic/abiotic stresses). To study and engineer plant cell walls, it is therefore critical to identify robust tools which can be used to locate proteins expressed in the apoplast. Here we used a transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to test a range of FPs in vivo, and determined which ones retained strong fluorescence in the acidic environment of the apoplast. We selected 10 fluorescent proteins with a range of in vitro properties; two historical FPs and eight FPs with in vitro properties suggesting lower pH sensitivity or improved brightness, some of which had never been tested in plants prior to our study. We targeted each FP to the cytosol or the apoplast and compared the fluorescence in both compartments, before testing the in vivo pH sensitivity of FPs across a pH 8–4 gradient. Our results suggest that mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, and mCherry are suited to tracking proteins in the apoplast under dynamic pH conditions. These fluorescent proteins may also be useful in other acidic compartments such as vacuoles.
Detonation Velocity Measurement of a Hydrogen Peroxide Solvate of CL‐20
Authors: Vuppuluri Vasant S. , Bennion Jonathan C. , Wiscons Ren A. , Gunduz I. Emre , Matzger Adam J. , Son Steven F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynthesis and development of new energetic molecules is a resource‐intensive process, yielding materials with relatively unpredictable performance properties. Cocrystallization and crystalline solvate formation have been explored as possible routes towards developing new energetic materials that reduce the initial investment required for discovery and performance uncertainty because existing energetic molecules with known properties serve as the constituents. The formation of a hydrogen peroxide (HP) solvate of CL‐20 was previously reported and has a density comparable to that of ϵ‐CL‐20, the densest and most stable polymorph of CL‐20. CL‐20/HP produces a second crystalline form, which was unexpected given the high density of the original CL‐20/HP solvate. Both forms were predicted to have improved detonation performance relative to that of ϵ‐CL‐20. In this work, the detonation velocity of a solvate of CL‐20/HP is measured and compared to that of CL‐20. Using the measured enthalpy of formation, the solvate was predicted to detonate 80 m s−1 faster at a powder density of 1.4 g cm−3; however, experimentally, the solvate detonates 300 m s−1 faster than CL‐20. Thermochemical predictions are also used to show that the solvate detonates 100 m s−1 faster than ϵ‐CL‐20 at the theoretical maximum density, making it the first energetic cocrystal or solvate of ϵ‐CL‐20 predicted to detonate faster than CL‐20 at full density.
Oscillatory Pressure Effect on Mean Burning Rates of Solid Propellant Combustion at Low Frequency Conditions
Authors: Kathiravan Balusamy , Rajak Rajendra , Senthilkumar Chidambaram , Jayaraman Kandasamy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe investigation on acoustic pressure oscillation effect on the mean burning rate of solid propellant combustion under quasi and unsteady conditions has been carried out at elevated pressures typical of rocket operation. Experiments were conducted in the window bomb test facility to measure mean burning rate for the mean chamber pressure ranging from 1 to 7 MPa. This analysis facilitates current understanding regarding the mean burning rate variation due to the acoustic wave interaction with propellant flame complexes. The present work is focused on low frequency combustion instability and characterization of the long rocket motor configurations. The window bomb is connected with an exclusively designed rotating valve for the generation of acoustic pressure oscillations at selected mean chamber pressures and the corresponding frequency of operations. Two kinds of ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl terminated poly butadiene (AP/HTPB) based composite propellants, one with aluminium, and the other without aluminium were considered. Experiments were conducted at the excited frequency of 140 Hz with different excited acoustic pressure amplitudes. This experimental setup facility has the provision of visual observation during propellant combustion using optical methods. The performance of the rotating valve was competent over the tested conditions. These studies reveal that the acoustic pressure amplitudes significantly enhance the mean burning rate of the solid propellants. The response of the aluminized propellants to the excited acoustic oscillations was relatively prominent as compared to that of its non‐aluminized counterparts. The results obtained are extremely useful in combustion instability characteristics of large scale rocket motors.
Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model
Authors: Seman James , Giraldo Carlos H. C. , Johnson Catherine E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRegulations governing explosives have often included requirements to provide information about the manufacturer, type, and batch of a commercially produced explosive. The first method of encoding information about an explosive was simply writing desired information on the explosive's packaging. Marking explosives in this way can be considered the first identification taggant. Identification taggants that encode information have evolved over the course of over 100 years in the United States. Identification taggants are particularly useful as they allow explosives to be tracked back to the manufacturer and purchaser. Correlations can be seen in the evolutional advances in identification taggants and events (wars and terrorist activities) that lead to regulations governing explosives. The information presented in this paper walks through the evolution of identification taggants, since 1917, and identifies the corresponding event that led to increased regulations governing explosives. The paper illustrates that the efforts in identification taggants have been primarily reactionary and highlights the need for a more proactive approach in taggant research and implementation. Understanding the previously developed identification taggants has led to successive generations of taggant candidates, including a modern candidate known as the Nuclear Barcode. The nuclear barcode focuses on allowing identification taggant to survive the detonation process intact, prevent counterfeiting or obscuration, enhance forensic detection of explosives, as well as providing a sufficiently large number of potential codes to enable labeling individual batches of product. The nuclear barcode is designed to accomplish these goals inexpensively while also not affecting the properties or sensitivity of the tagged explosive.
Insights from the crystal structure of the chicken CREB3 bZIP suggest that members of the CREB3 subfamily transcription factors may be activated in response to oxidative stress
Authors: Sabaratnam Keshalini , Renner Max , Paesen Guido , Harlos Karl , Nair Venugopal , Owens Raymond J. , Grimes Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractcAMP response element binding Protein 3 (CREB3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane‐bound transcription factor, which belongs to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors. CREB3 plays a role in the ER‐stress induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and is a multifunctional cellular factor implicated in a number of biological processes including cell proliferation and migration, tumor suppression, and immune‐related gene expression. To gain structural insights into the transcription factor, we determined the crystal structure of the conserved bZIP domain of chicken CREB3 (chCREB3) to a resolution of 3.95 Å. The X‐ray structure provides evidence that chCREB3 can form a stable homodimer. The chCREB3 bZIP has a structured, pre‐formed DNA binding region, even in the absence of DNA, a feature that could potentially enhance both the DNA binding specificity and affinity of chCREB3. Significantly, the homodimeric bZIP possesses an intermolecular disulfide bond that connects equivalent cysteine residues of the parallel helices in the leucine zipper region. This disulfide bond in the hydrophobic core of the bZIP may increase the stability of the homodimer under oxidizing conditions. Moreover, sequence alignment of bZIP sequences from chicken, human, and mouse reveals that only members of the CREB3 subfamily contain this cysteine residue, indicating that it could act as a redox‐sensor. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of these transcription factors may be redox‐regulated and they may be activated in response to oxidative stress.