bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Biaryl‐Type Monophosphines with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Zhao Yunfei , Yuan Chengkai , Wen Jian , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed system is introduced for in situ modification of biaryl‐type monophosphines with hydrosilanes through a PIII‐chelation‐assisted dehydrogenative silylation reaction. A series of ligands containing silyl groups with different steric and electronic properties were obtained with excellent regioselectivities. This method offers many advantages, including the use of commercially available phosphines, no requirement for an external ligand or oxidant, a broader substrate scope, high efficiency, and access to a single regioisomer. Based on the outstanding properties of the parent scaffolds, the silyl‐substituted phosphines serve as excellent ligands in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki coupling reactions.
Interphases in Electroactive Suspension Systems: Where Chemistry Meets Mesoscale Physics
Authors: Shukla Garima , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture the group of Prof. Alejandro A. Franco from LRCS, Amiens, France. The cover picture shows a semisolid redox flow battery set against a background depicting the degree of complexity within the system. Read the full text of the review at 10.1002/batt.201800152.
Dynamic modeling of syngas fermentation in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor: Multi‐response parameter estimation and process optimization
Authors: de Medeiros Elisa M. , Posada John A. , Noorman Henk , Filho Rubens Maciel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSyngas fermentation is one of the bets for the future sustainable biobased economies due to its potential as an intermediate step in the conversion of waste carbon to ethanol fuel and other chemicals. Integrated with gasification and suitable downstream processing, it may constitute an efficient and competitive route for the valorization of various waste materials, especially if systems engineering principles are employed targeting process optimization. In this study, a dynamic multi‐response model is presented for syngas fermentation with acetogenic bacteria in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor, accounting for gas–liquid mass transfer, substrate (CO, H2) uptake, biomass growth and death, acetic acid reassimilation, and product selectivity. The unknown parameters were estimated from literature data using the maximum likelihood principle with a multi‐response nonlinear modeling framework and metaheuristic optimization, and model adequacy was verified with statistical analysis via generation of confidence intervals as well as parameter significance tests. The model was then used to study the effects of process conditions (gas composition, dilution rate, gas flow rates, and cell recycle) as well as the sensitivity of kinetic parameters, and multiobjective genetic algorithm was used to maximize ethanol productivity and CO conversion. It was observed that these two objectives were clearly conflicting when CO‐rich gas was used, but increasing the content of H2 favored higher productivities while maintaining 100% CO conversion. The maximum productivity predicted with full conversion was 2 g·L−1·hr−1 with a feed gas composition of 54% CO and 46% H2 and a dilution rate of 0.06 hr−1 with roughly 90% of cell recycle.
Cytoplasmic conductivity as a marker for bioprocess monitoring: Study of Chinese hamster ovary cells under nutrient deprivation and reintroduction
Authors: Fazelkhah Azita , Afshar Samaneh , Braasch Katrin , Butler Michael , Salimi Elham , Bridges Greg , Thomson Douglas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to monitor the status of cells during nutrient limitation is important for optimizing bioprocess growth conditions in batch and fed‐batch cultures. The activity level of Na+/K+ ATPase pumps and cytoplasm ionic concentrations are directly influenced by the nutrient level, and thus, cytoplasm conductivity can be used as a markerless indicator of cell status. In this work, we monitored the change in cytoplasm conductivity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during nutrient deprivation and reintroduction. Employing single cell dielectrophoresis, the change in cytoplasm conductivity was measured over a 48‐hr period. The conditions under which the cytoplasm conductivity would recover to a normal level after nutrient reintroduction was determined. In addition, numerical simulations of cell ion flux, for different levels of Na+/K+ ATPase pump inhibition, were used to predict the minimum conductivity expected for nutrient‐deprived CHO cells. This predicted value is close to the minimum observed experimental cytoplasm conductivity for CHO cells that maintain the ability to restore the cytoplasm conductivity to the normal viable levels when nutrients are reintroduced. The recovery of starved cells was verified by reintroducing them to nutrient for 36 hr and measuring their proliferation using trypan blue exclusion assay. We conclude that cytoplasm conductivity can be used as a marker to indicate whether cells are in a recoverable state, such that the reintroduction of nutrients results in cells returning to a normal healthy state.
The role of chaperone‐mediated autophagy in neurotoxicity induced by alpha‐synuclein after methamphetamine exposure
Authors: Sun Leping , Lian Yongling , Ding Jiuyang , Meng Yunle , Li Chen , Chen Ling , Qiu Pingming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionChaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) is an autophagy–lysosome pathway (ALP) that is different from the other two lysosomal pathways, namely, macroautophagy and microautophagy, and can selectively degrade cytosolic proteins in lysosomes without vesicle formation. CMA activity declines in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and similar neurotoxicity can occur after methamphetamine (METH) treatment. The relationship between CMA and METH‐induced neurotoxicity is not clear.MethodsWe detected changes in the chaperone protein Hsc70 and the lysosomal surface receptor Lamp‐2a after METH treatment and then regulated these two proteins by small interfering RNA and DNA plasmid transfection to investigate how CMA influences METH‐induced neurotoxicity.ResultsWe found that CMA activity is decreased after METH exposure in neurons and downregulated Lamp‐2a can aggravate the neurotoxicity induced by α‐Syn after METH exposure and that Hsc70 overexpression can relieve the abnormal levels of alpha‐synuclein and its aggregate forms and the increase in cell apoptosis induced by METH.ConclusionsThe results provide in vivo evidence for CMA plays a pivotal role in METH‐induced neurotoxicity, and upregulation of Hsc70 expression significantly protects neuronal cells against METH‐induced toxicity. This research may pave the way for potential therapeutic approaches targeting CMA for METH abuse and neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparing model‐based cerebrovascular physiomarkers with DTI biomarkers in MCI patients
Authors: Marmarelis Vasilis Z. , Shin Dae C. , Tarumi Takashi , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the novel model‐based hemodynamic physiomarker of Dynamic Vasomotor Reactivity (DVR) with biomarkers based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and some widely used neurocognitive scores in terms of their ability to delineate patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from age‐matched cognitively normal controls.Materials & MethodsThe model‐based DVR and MRI‐based DTI markers were obtained from 36 patients with amnestic MCI and 16 age‐matched controls without cognitive impairment, for whom widely used neurocognitive scores were available. These markers and scores were subsequently compared in terms of statistical delineation between patients and controls.ResultsIt was found that statistically significant delineation between MCI patients and controls was comparable for DVR or DTI markers (p < 0.01). The performance of both types of markers was consistent with the scores of some (but not all) widely used neurocognitive tests.ConclusionSince DTI offers a measure of cerebral white matter integrity, the results suggest that the model‐based hemodynamic marker of DVR may correlate with cognitive impairment due to white matter lesions. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that dysregulation of cerebral microcirculation may be an early cause of cognitive impairment, which has been recently corroborated by several studies.
Lysine Ethylation by Histone Lysine Methyltransferases
Authors: Al Temimi Abbas H. K. , Martin Michael , Meng Qingxi , Lenstra Danny C. , Qian Ping , Guo Hong , Weinhold Elmar , Mecinović Jasmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiomedicinally important histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) cosubstrate to lysine residues in histones and other proteins. Herein, experimental and computational investigations on human KMT‐catalyzed ethylation of histone peptides by using S‐adenosylethionine (AdoEth) and Se‐adenosylselenoethionine (AdoSeEth) cosubstrates are reported. MALDI‐TOF MS experiments reveal that, unlike monomethyltransferases SETD7 and SETD8, methyltransferases G9a and G9a‐like protein (GLP) do have the capacity to ethylate lysine residues in histone peptides, and that cosubstrates follow the efficiency trend AdoMet>AdoSeEth>AdoEth. G9a and GLP can also catalyze AdoSeEth‐mediated ethylation of ornithine and produce histone peptides bearing lysine residues with different alkyl groups, such as H3K9meet and H3K9me2et. Molecular dynamics and free energy simulations based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics potential supported the experimental findings by providing an insight into the geometry and energetics of the enzymatic methyl/ethyl transfer process.
Hydropneumothorax as a complication of necrotizing pneumonia in a young girl
Authors: Miller Jamison Cole , Boyce Thomas George 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBronchopleural fistula with subsequent hydropneumothorax is an important complication of necrotizing pneumonia. Chest X‐ray is an excellent diagnostic tool which can suggest hydropneumothorax. When present, this requires admission for drainage. If discharged after necrotizing pneumonia, follow‐up should include a chest X‐ray to rule out this complication.
Learning spectral normalized adversarial systems with stacked structure for high‐quality 3D object generation
Authors: Zhang Haoxu , Qiu Chenchen , Wang Chao , Wei Bin , Yu Zhibin , Zheng Haiyong , Li Juan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a new method for generating 3D objects based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). Recently, GANs have been used in 3D object generation, but it is still very challenging to generate high‐quality 3D objects because of the complex data distribution over 3D objects. In this paper, we propose a system based on GAN that makes the generated objects more realistic. We use multiple generators and discriminators to enhance the ability of the model for learning complex distributions. Such a stacked structure can be considered as a coarse‐to‐fine or low‐to‐high–resolution mechanism. We employ the spectral normalization technology to control the Lipschitz constant of the discriminators by literally constraining the spectral norm of each layer to get a more stable training process. In this way, the proposed model can generate realistic and high‐quality 3D objects. Moreover, our system can also recover incomplete 3D objects into complete 3D objects. Experiments demonstrate that our model performs better in the quality of the generated objects than the baselines.
Review: Toward management of urban ponds for freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Oertli Beat , Parris Kirsten M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany cities around the world are expanding and this trend in urbanization is expected to sharply increase over coming decades. At the same time, the integration of green and blue spaces is widely promoted in urban development, potentially offering numerous benefits for biodiversity. This is particularly relevant for urban waterbodies, a type of ecosystem present in most cities. However, site managers often lack the knowledge base to promote biodiversity in these waterbodies, which are generally created to provide other ecosystem services. To address this, our review presents guidelines for promoting biodiversity in urban ponds. We found a total of 516 publications indexed in ISI Web of Sciences related to this topic, of which 279 were retained for the purposes of our review. The biodiversity of urban ponds, measured by species richness, appears to be generally lower than in rural ponds; however, urban ponds often support threatened species. Furthermore, if well managed, urban ponds have the potential to support a much greater biodiversity than they currently do. Indeed, this review shows that a range of urban factors can impair or promote pond biodiversity, including many that can easily be controlled by site managers. Local factors include design (surface area, pond depth, banks and margins, shade, shoreline irregularity), water quality (conductivity, nutrients, heavy metals), and hydroperiod and biotic characteristics (stands of vegetation, fish, invasive species). Important regional factors include several indicators of urbanization (roads, buildings, density of population, impervious surfaces, car traffic), and the presence of other wetlands or green spaces in the surrounding landscape. We considered each of these factors and their potential impact on freshwater biodiversity. Taking into account the management measures listed in the publications reviewed, we have proposed a framework for the management of urban ponds, with guidelines to promote biodiversity and other ecosystem services, and to avoid ecosystem disservices or the creation of ecological traps. At the city scale, the biodiversity of a pondscape benefits from a high diversity of pond types, differing in their environmental characteristics and management.
Enhancing epi‐cedrol production in Escherichia coli by fusion expression of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and epi‐cedrol synthase
Authors: Navale Govinda R. , Sharma Poojadevi , Said Madhukar S. , Ramkumar Sudha , Dharne Mahesh S. , Thulasiram H. V. , Shinde Sandip S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTerpene synthase catalyses acyclic diphosphate farnesyl diphosphate into desired sesquiterpenes. In this study, a fusion enzyme was constructed by linking Santalum album farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (SaFPPS) individually with terpene synthase and Artemisia annua Epi‐cedrol synthase (AaECS). The stop codon at the N‐terminus of SaFPPS was removed and replaced by a short peptide (GSGGS) to introduce a linker between the two open reading frames. This fusion clone was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosseta DE3 cells. The fusion enzyme FPPS‐ECS produced sesquiterpene 8‐epi‐cedrol from substrates isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate through sequential reactions. The Km values for FPPS‐ECS for isopentyl diphosphate was 4.71 µM. The fusion enzyme carried out the efficient conversion of IPP to epi‐cedrol, in comparison to single enzymes SaFPPS and AaECS when combined together in enzyme assay over time. Further, the recombinant E. coli BL21 strain harbouring fusion plasmid successfully produced epi‐cedrol in fermentation medium. The strain having fusion plasmid (pET32a‐FPPS‐ECS) produced 1.084 ± 0.09 mg/L epi‐cedrol, while the strain harbouring mixed plasmid (pRSETB‐FPPS and pET28a‐ECS) showed 1.002 ± 0.07 mg/L titre in fermentation medium by overexpression and MEP pathway utilization. Structural analysis was done by I‐TASSER server and docking was done by AutoDock Vina software, which suggested that secondary structure of the N‐ C terminal domain and their relative positions to functional domains of the fusion enzyme was greatly significant to the catalytic properties of the fusion enzymatic complex than individual enzymes.
Statistical approaches for initial access in mmWave 5G systems
Authors: Parada Raúl , Soleimani Hossein , Moretto Federico , Tomasin Stefano , Zorzi Michele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhen a new user enters a cell in a mmWave cellular system, the beamforming directions must be identified to initiate communication, a procedure known as initial access (IA). However, users are more likely to enter from some directions than others (eg, along streets), and beamforming directions (eg, those affected by blockage) may never be used. We exploit the unequal distribution of the entrance direction to speed up the IA procedure, exploring more often the directions wherein the probability of finding new users is higher. Two solutions are proposed: a memory‐less random illumination (MLRI) algorithm and a statistical and memory‐based illumination (SMBI) algorithm. While in MLRI, the direction to be explored is randomly generated according to an optimized distribution, and independent of previously explored directions, in SMBI a precise exploration sequence is designed, thus we take into account previously explored directions. In the analysis, we include the movement of the user within the cell during the IA process, described by a Markov chain whose states correspond to the beamforming directions associated to the user position at a given IA exploration time. We assess the performance of the proposed methods in terms of average discovery time.
The gravity database for Belgium
Authors: Verbeurgt Jeffrey , Van Camp Michel , Stal Cornelis , Camelbeeck Thierry , De Sloover Lars , Poppe Hans , Declercq Pierre‐Yves , Voet Pierre , Constales Denis , Troch Peter , De Maeyer Philippe , De Wulf Alain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractData and metadata products based on intensive terrestrial gravity measurements covering the Belgian territory have been established compliant to the new ISO19115‐1 profile for gravity‐related data. A short historical introduction on gravity measurements on the Belgian territory is presented, starting with the first gravity measurement in 1892. This paper focuses on gravity data acquired after 1971, which marks the adoption of IGSN71 as a reference for the world network by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). Next to a complete dataset containing all Belgian gravity data, the available gravity data were reduced to the corresponding measurement campaign, enabling determination of specific metadata (e.g. used gravimeter, tide system parameters, time of acquisition, etc.). New gravity and spirit levelling measurements were executed by the Royal Observatory Belgium and the National Geographic Institute (Federal Mapping Agency) to validate the g‐value at the historical reference base station ‘Carte du Ciel’ in Brussels. Taking into account the instrumental errors and the varying ground water content, the retrieved data are validated and approved for use in further research.
Is It Safe to Paint Your Wall White? A Case Study on Titanium Dioxide Classification
Authors: Kähkönen E Elina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is in the process of being classified as a suspected carcinogenic substance (Carc 2). The present case study probes the outcomes of this potential classification in terms of the reduction of hazardous exposure to TiO2 due to its classification. Furthermore, the case study examines the elements that are causing ambiguity during the classification process. This study was conducted by walking through the process from the present exposure to TiO2 to the hazard assessment associated with TiO2 exposure, to the regulatory classification process, and to practical outcomes affecting TiO2 usage. Finally, the impact of the classification on exposure, which was originally considered potentially hazardous, is evaluated. The case study shows that TiO2 classification as a carcinogen will not directly reduce respiratory exposure to TiO2, which was the original reason for the classification. Instead, the classification will lead to restrictions on recycling. Moreover, the classification will have an impact on certain solid artifacts and liquid mixtures for which hazardous exposure was not detected. Altogether, the present case raises questions concerning hazard communications associated with the Carc 2 classification; treatment of poorly soluble low toxicity (PSLT) particles and nanoparticles in the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) classifications; and use of human exposure studies for the purposes of chemical regulations. Based on the present study, the following recommendations are made: the final decision on the TiO2 classification should be reconsidered together with those of other PSLT particles and take into account extensive developments in the field of nanoscience. Furthermore, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) should develop state-of-the-art guidance on how to use the available human exposure data. Finally, the authorities that are in charge of European Union chemicals management are advised to further develop the regulatory network to utilize the information generated in REACH processes as efficiently as possible and to verify that the connections between the regulations result in the intended outcome. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–12. © 2019 SETAC
Biochemical regulation and structural analysis of copper‐transporting ATPase in a human hepatoma cell line for Wilson disease
Authors: Agnihotry Shikha , Dhusia Kalyani , Srivastav Ajeet K. , Upadhyay Jaya , Verma Vinod , Shukla Pradeep K. , Ramteke Pramod W. , Gautam Budhayash 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatic copper levels differ among patients with Wilson disease (WD) and normal individuals depending on the dietary intake, copper bioavailability, and genetic factors. Copper chloride (CuCl2) caused dose‐dependent reduction in cell viability of human teratocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line, measured using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of CuCl2 in log doses and maximum cell viability reduction was recorded at 15 µg/mL. Toxic dose of CuCl2 is potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis as a pattern of cell death was confirmed through sub‐G1 fraction and morphological changes such as mitochondrial depolarization, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal destabilization, phosphatidylserine translocation, and DNA damage. Our transcriptional and translational results strongly support apoptotic cell death. Using the available data present in dbSNP and bioinformatics tools, three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were identified as deleterious, reducing the stability of protein ATP7B. Structural analysis of native and mutant ATP7B proteins was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) approach. Mutation in ATP7B gene might disturb the structural conformation and catalytic function of the ATP7B protein may be inducing WD. Hence, excess dietary intake of copper chloride must be avoided for safety of health to prevent from WD.