bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of TRPV4 activation in a rat model of detrusor underactivity induced by bilateral pelvic nerve crush injury
Authors: Takaoka Ei‐ichiro , Kurobe Masahiro , Okada Hiroki , Takai Shun , Suzuki Takahisa , Shimizu Nobutaka , Kwon Joonbeom , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Naoki , Chermansky Christopher J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo produce an animal model of peripheral neurogenic detrusor underactivity (DU) and to evaluate the effect of TRPV4 receptor activation in this DU model.MethodsIn female Sprague‐Dawley rats, bilateral pelvic nerve crush (PNC) was performed by using sharp forceps. After 10 days, awake cystometrograms (CMG) were recorded in sham and PNC rats. A TRPV4 agonist (GSK 1016790A) with or without a TRPV4 antagonist (RN1734) were administered intravesically and CMG parameters were compared before and after drug administration in each group. The TRPV4 transcript level in the bladder mucosa and histological changes were also evaluated.ResultsIn CMG, PNC rats showed significant increases in intercontraction intervals (ICI), number of non‐voiding contractions (NVCs), baseline pressure, threshold pressure, bladder capacity, voided volumes, and post‐void residual (PVR) compared to sham rats. Contraction amplitude and voiding efficiency were significantly decreased in PNC rats. In PNC rats, intravesical application of GSK1016790A (1.5 μM) significantly decreased ICI, bladder capacity, voided volume, and PVR without increasing NVCs, and these effects were blocked by RN1734 (5.0 μM). In contrast, 1.5 μM GSK1016790A had no significant effects on CMG parameters in normal rats. TRPV4 expression within the bladder mucosa of PNC rats was increased in association with urothelial thickening.ConclusionsRats with bilateral PNC showed characteristics of DU, and this model seems appropriate for further evaluation of peripheral neurogenic mechanisms of DU. Also, TRPV4 receptors, the activation of which reduced bladder capacity and PVR, could be a target for DU treatment.
An inhibitor of apoptosis (SfIAP) interacts with SQUAMOSA promoter‐binding protein (SBP) transcription factors that exhibit pro‐cell death characteristics
Authors: Kessens Ryan , Sorensen Nick , Kabbage Mehdi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of proper cell death regulation across broad evolutionary distances, an understanding of the molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental process in plants remains largely elusive. This is despite its critical importance to development, homeostasis, and proper responses to stress. The identification of endogenous plant regulators of cell death has been hindered by the fact that many core regulators of cell death in animals are absent in plant genomes. Remarkably, numerous studies have shown that the ectopic expression of animal prosurvival genes in plants can suppress cell death imposed by many stresses. In this study, we capitalize on the ectopic expression of one of these animal prosurvival genes, an inhibitor of apoptosis from Spodoptera frugiperda (SfIAP), to identify novel cell death regulators in plants. A yeast two‐hybrid assay was conducted using SfIAP as bait to screen a tomato cDNA library. This screen identified several transcription factors of the SQUAMOSA promoter‐binding protein (SBP) family as potential SfIAP binding partners. We confirmed this interaction in vivo for our top two interactors, SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a, using coimmunoprecipitation. Interestingly, overexpression of SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Overexpression of these two transcription factors also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the growth of the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the nuclear localization of both SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a, while SlySBP12a was also localized to the ER membrane. These results suggest a prodeath role for SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a and implicate ER membrane tethering as a means of regulating SlySBP12a activity.
Clinician attitudes towards borderline personality disorder: A 15‐year comparison
Authors: Day Nicholas J.S. , Hunt Annalise , Cortis‐Jones Louise , Grenyer Brin F.S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStigma towards people with borderline personality disorder has been a common theme reported within mental health services staff. A longitudinal, mixed method design investigated attitudes of mental health staff working at the same public health service in 2000 and 2015. Participants from both the 2000 and 2015 samples completed a short 10‐item version of the Attitude to Personality Disorders Questionnaire and identical qualitative questions. The 2015 sample also completed the Attitude to Deliberate Self‐Harm Questionnaire and the Attitude and Skills Questionnaire. Qualitatively, the 2000 sample endorsed much more negative descriptions (e.g. ‘attention seeking’ and ‘manipulative’), and the 2015 sample focused more on treatment approaches and skills (e.g. ‘management plan’ and ‘empathy’). Quantitatively, the 2015 sample endorsed more positive attitudes than the 2000 sample. This positive attitudinal shift is an encouraging step in successful treatment of borderline personality disorder and may reflect a changing landscape of the mental health system and greater awareness and use of effective treatments. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Analysis of the Global Proteome in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with New‐Onset Psoriasis
Authors: Li Fengdi , Wang Yacui , Li Yu , Yang Hongpu , Wang Hongmei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease involving the activation of T cells. To explore the proteomic signature of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a quantitative analysis of their global proteome was conducted in samples from Chinese patients with new‐onset psoriasis (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 32) using an integrated quantitative approach with tandem mass tag labeling and LC–MS/MS. Protein annotation, unsupervised hierarchical clustering, functional classification, functional enrichment and cluster, and protein–protein interaction analyses were performed. A total of 5178 proteins were identified, of which 4404 proteins were quantified. The fold‐change cutoff was set at 1.2 (patients vs controls); 335 proteins were upregulated, and 107 proteins were downregulated. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in processes related to the activation of immune cells including the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway, cellular energy metabolism, and proliferation. Three upregulated proteins and two phosphorylated proteins in the NF‐κB pathway were verified or identified by Western blotting. These results confirm that the NF‐κB pathway is critical to psoriasis. In addition, many differentially expressed proteins identified in this study have never before been associated with psoriasis, and further studies on these proteins are necessary.
Dye‐Anchored MnO Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor and Inducing Enhanced Phototherapy Effect via Mitochondria‐Mediated Pathway
Authors: Zhou Lihua , Wu Yayun , Meng Xiaoqing , Li Sanpeng , Zhang Jiali , Gong Ping , Zhang Pengfei , Jiang Tao , Deng Guanjun , Li Wenjun , Sun Zhihong , Cai Lintao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhototherapy is a promising treatment method for cancer therapy. However, the various factors have greatly restricted phototherapy development, including the poor accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor, hypoxia in solid tumor tissue and systemic phototoxicity. Herein, a mitochondrial‐targeted multifunctional dye‐anchored manganese oxide nanoparticle (IR808@MnO NP) is developed for enhancing phototherapy of cancer. In this nanoplatform, IR808 as a small molecule dye acts as a tumor targeting ligand to make IR808@MnO NPs with capacity to actively target tumor cells and relocate finally in the mitochondria. Meanwhile, continuous production of oxygen (O2) and regulation of pH induced by the high reactivity and specificity of MnO NPs toward mitochondrial endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could effectively modulate tumor hypoxia and lessen the tumor subacid environment. Large amounts of reactive oxide species (ROS) are generated during the reaction process between H2O2 and MnO NPs. Furthermore, under laser irradiation, IR808 in IR808@MnO NPs turns O2 into a highly toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) and generates hyperthermia. The results indicate that IR808@MnO NPs have the high efficiency of specific targeting of tumors, relieving tumor subacid environment, improving the tumor hypoxia environment, and generating large amounts of ROS to kill tumor cells. It is expected to have a wide application in treating cancer.
Temporally Programmed Disassembly and Reassembly of C3Ms
Authors: Cingil Hande E. , Meertens Nicky C. H. , Voets Ilja K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResponsive materials, which can adapt and operate autonomously under dynamic conditions, are a stepping stone towards functional, life‐like systems inspired by fueled self‐assembly processes in nature. Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) comprising oppositely charged macromolecules constitute a novel class of polymeric micelles ideally suited for use as responsive nanoscopic delivery vehicles of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo. To fully exploit their potential, it is important that the C3Ms form and fall apart in an autonomous fashion as orchestrated by dynamic cues in their environment. Herein a means to temporally program the self‐regulated C3M coassembly pathway, using a modulated base‐catalyzed feedback system, is presented. Incorporated in the C3Ms is a pH responsive polyfluorene‐based conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPF) as a building block and trace amounts of a molecular sensor (doxorubicin HCl) as cargo, both of which report on micellar coassembly and disassembly via binding‐induced fluorescence quenching. CPF additionally reports on the pH of its microenvironment as its pH‐dependent conformational states are mirrored in the transitions of its vibronic bands. This experimental design enables one to monitor solution pH, C3M disassembly and reassembly, as well as cargo release and recapture noninvasively in a closed system with real time florescence experiments.
Edge‐Terminated MoS2 Nanoassembled Electrocatalyst via In Situ Hybridization with 3D Carbon Network
Authors: Chung Dong Young , Yoo Ji Mun , Park Subin , Jung Gwan Yeong , Kang Jin Soo , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Kwak Sang Kyu , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides, especially MoS2, are considered as promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Since the physicochemical properties of MoS2 and electrode morphology are highly sensitive factor for HER performance, designed synthesis is highly pursued. Here, an in situ method to prepare a 3D carbon/MoS2 hybrid catalyst, motivated by the graphene ribbon synthesis process, is reported. By rational design strategies, the hybrid electrocatalysts with cross‐connected porous structure are obtained, and they show a high HER activity even comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art MoS2 catalyst without appreciable activity loss in long‐term operations. Based on various physicochemical techniques, it is demonstrated that the synthetic procedure can effectively guide the formation of active site and 3D structure with a distinctive feature; increased exposure of active sites by decreased domain size and intrinsically high activity through controlling the number of stacking layers. Moreover, the importance of structural properties of the MoS2‐based catalysts is verified by controlled experiments, validating the effectiveness of the designed synthesis approach.
Supplier codes of conduct: Company authorization of subcontractors
Authors: Kashmanian Richard M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCompanies continue to build greater sustainability and transparency in their supply chains to increase their business value and to respond to greater stakeholder pressures and expectations to increase sustainability and transparency. As company supply chains have grown and expanded, which presents increased challenges for building greater transparency, it is possible that the use of subcontractors in supply chains has also increased. The amount and impact of subcontracting conducted in supply chains may be of greater concern to certain companies and/or sectors than others, and it may have an important impact on their sustainability efforts. This article assesses the extent to which supplier codes of conduct apply to the use of subcontractors and include a requirement for suppliers to obtain prior company approval or authorization before subcontractors conduct work. Based on a review of more than 50 supplier codes of conduct, the companies that are highlighted in this article for including this requirement are primarily in the apparel/footwear, food, pharmaceuticals, and/or retail sectors. The article asserts that supplier codes of conduct that include requirements for suppliers to protect and safeguard confidential business information could be strengthened to further protect the company's products, integrity, and reputation/brand and increase its competitiveness and resilience by also including a requirement of prior approval or authorization of a supplier's use of subcontractors.
Trends in Retention and Decay of Basic Surgical Skills: Evidence from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: A Prospective Case–Control Cohort Study
Authors: Bekele Abebe , Wondimu Sahlu , Firdu Naod , Taye Mulat , Tadesse Amezene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhile prior studies have evaluated surgical skills simulation and retention in highly resourced environments, there is paucity of data on the retention of surgical skills taught in simulation laboratory to undergraduate students, and virtually none from low‐resource settings. We aimed to evaluate the trends in retention/decay of surgical skills among medical students in Ethiopia and determine whether regular intervention in the form of intermittent skills testing can aid retention.MethodsForty‐four final year medical students were randomly divided into two cohorts of 22 students each. All 44 were trained in surgical instrument identification, simple interrupted suturing and one‐handed knot tying. A previously validated, standardized assessment was performed before training, immediately after training, and then at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year for cohort 1, and before training, immediately after training, and at 6 months and 1 year for cohort 2. All areas learned were tested for general decay.ResultsThe baseline mean scores of surgical skills were 3.8/30 for instrument identification, 3.3/15 for one‐handed knot tying, and 1.35/15 for suturing. At the end of the training, mean scores improved to 26.6/30, 11.2/15 and 11.1/15 (instrument identification +599% and +772%, knot tying +447% and +417%, suturing +237% and +260%, respectively, for Cohort I and II). At 6 months and 1 year, there was a significant drop in all the three areas tested, especially in knot tying and suturing. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts.ConclusionsWhile our surgical skills course is an effective means to teach surgical skills to medical students, there is significant decay in abilities after 6 months. Conducting regular assessments does not appear to have any effect in helping students retain these skills. We recommend such surgical skills training be conducted at appropriate intervals, such as just before internship, to prepare student for active surgical practice.
PRDX6 Inhibits Neurogenesis through Downregulation of WDFY1-Mediated TLR4 Signal
Authors: Yeo In Jun , Park Mi Hee , Son Dong Ju , Kim Ji Young , Nam Kyoung Tak , Hyun Byung Kook , Kim So Young , Jung Myung Hee , Song Min Ji , Chun Hyung Ok , Lee Tae Hyung , Han Sang-Bae , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImpaired neurogenesis has been associated with several brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in neurodegenerative diseases is very controversial. To demonstrate the role of PRDX6 in neurogenesis, we compared the neurogenesis ability of PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type mice and studied the involved molecular mechanisms. We showed that the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expression of the marker protein were lower in PRDX6 Tg-mice than in wild-type mice. To determine the factors involved in PRDX6-related neural stem cell impairment, we performed a microarray experiment. We showed that the expression of WDFY1 was dramatically decreased in PRDX6-Tg mice. Moreover, WDFY1 siRNA decreases the differentiation ability of primary neural stem cells. Interestingly, WDFY1 reportedly recruits the signaling adaptor TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) to toll-like receptors (TLRs); thus, we showed the relationship among TLRs, PRDX6, and WDFY1. We showed that TLR4 was dramatically reduced in PRDX6 Tg mice, and reduced TLR4 expression and neurogenesis was reversed by the introduction of WDFY1 plasmid in the neural stem cells from PRDX6 Tg mice. This study indicated that PRDX6 inhibits the neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through TLR4-dependent downregulation of WDFY1 and suggested that the inhibitory effect of PRDX6 on neurogenesis play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the PRDX6 overexpressing transgenic mice.
Characterizing heterogeneity in the progression of Alzheimer's disease using longitudinal clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers
Authors: Goyal Devendra , Tjandra Donna , Migrino Raymond Q. , Giordani Bruno , Syed Zeeshan , Wiens Jenna ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionModels characterizing intermediate disease stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed to inform clinical care and prognosis. Current models, however, use only a small subset of available biomarkers, capturing only coarse changes along the complete spectrum of disease progression. We propose the use of machine learning techniques and clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers to characterize progression to AD.MethodsWe used a large multimodal longitudinal data set of biomarkers and demographic and genotype information from 1624 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Using hidden Markov models, we characterized intermediate disease stages. We validated inferred disease trajectories by comparing time to first clinical AD diagnosis. We trained an L2‐regularized logistic regression model to predict disease trajectory and evaluated its discriminative performance on a test set.ResultsWe identified 12 distinct disease states. Progression to AD occurred most often through one of two possible paths through these states. Paths differed in terms of rate of disease progression (by 5.44 years on average), amyloid and total‐tau (t‐tau) burden (by 10% and 69%, respectively), and hippocampal neurodegeneration (P < .001). On the test set, the predictive model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85.DiscussionProgression to AD, in terms of biomarker trajectories, can be predicted based on participant‐specific factors. Such disease staging tools could help in targeting high‐risk patients for therapeutic intervention trials. As longitudinal data with richer features are collected, such models will help increase our understanding of the factors that drive the different trajectories of AD.
THE SIMPLICITY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE AFTER AVICENNA
Authors: Adamson Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlongside his much-discussed theory that humans are permanently, if only tacitly, self-aware, Avicenna proposed that in actively conscious self-knowers the subject and object of thought are identical. He applies to both humans and God the slogan that the self-knower is “intellect, intellecting, and object of intellection (‘aql, ‘āqil, ma‘qūl)”. This paper examines reactions to this idea in the Islamic East from the 12th-13th centuries. A wide range of philosophers such as Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Šahrastānī, Šaraf al-Dīn al-Mas‘ūdī, al-Abharī, al-Āmidī, and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī raised and countered objections to Avicenna's position. One central problem was that on widely accepted definitions of knowledge – according to which knowledge is representational or consists in a relation – it seems impossible for the subject and object of knowledge to be the same. Responses to this difficulty included the idea that a self-knower is “present” to itself, or that here subject and object are different only in “aspect (i‘tibār)”.
Three Dimensional Imaging of Biological Samples and Nano-materials Using Soft X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Liang , Guan Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe soft X-ray Microscopy beamline BL07W at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is devoted to cryo nano-tomography for biological applications in the water window (284 - 530 eV) and for imaging of nanomaterials from 200 to 2500 eV. An ellipsoidal capillary used as condense to focus monochromatic light onto the sample. Two Ni zone plate (ZP) lenses made by Zeiss with 40 nm and 25 nm outer most zone widths, respectively, are available, giving spatial resolution in 2D of down to 40 nm and 30 nm, respectively. Hydrated biological specimens had been imaged in the water window photon energy range without chemical fixation, dehydration, chemical staining and physical sectioning. In addition, other applications such as nanomaterials imaging had been demonstrated.
Approximation Fixpoint Theory and the Well-Founded Semantics of Higher-Order Logic Programs
Authors: CHARALAMBIDIS ANGELOS , RONDOGIANNIS PANOS , SYMEONIDOU IOANNA 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe define a novel, extensional, three-valued semantics for higher-order logic programs with negation. The new semantics is based on interpreting the types of the source language as three-valued Fitting-monotonic functions at all levels of the type hierarchy. We prove that there exists a bijection between such Fitting-monotonic functions and pairs of two-valued-result functions where the first member of the pair is monotone-antimonotone and the second member is antimonotone-monotone. By deriving an extension ofconsistent approximation fixpoint theory(Deneckeret al.2004) and utilizing the above bijection, we define an iterative procedure that produces for any given higher-order logic program a distinguished extensional model. We demonstrate that this model is actually aminimalone. Moreover, we prove that our construction generalizes the familiar well-founded semantics for classical logic programs, making in this way our proposal an appealing formulation for capturing thewell-founded semantics for higher-order logic programs.