bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Events in Korça Region after the Declaration of Independence until the end of World War I
Authors: Begolli Eduart 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper reflects political, economic, social activities and aspects of Korça during the period of the study.This period is special and important in the history of the Korça region and the Albanian state. During this period were launched the institutions of public life, founded in the form of governance, which included a series of economic activities for Korça based on creating new contemporary legislation increasing the institutions’ role in relation to the previous tradition; building up a modern national educational institution in order to change the mentality of the people, basically oriented to the western countries’ policy. There are described the key moments of political, economic, social and cultural life of the Prefecture’ people of Korça.The main aim and objective of the study has to familiarize the reader with the Korça region people role in the political, social, economic, during 1912-1920 ‘s, and the efforts of this population for freedom and independence and national unity.The most outstanding personalities in the different fields of the life in Korça region in local and national level are recorded, showing their role in certain moments of these developments.The important place has taken the attempts of Greeks for annexation of Korça region using the different political, diplomatic and military means, but there were also the wishes of the population of Korça to be part of Albania. The ability of Korça citizens for selfgovernance is clearly expressed during WWI when the “Autonomous Republic of Korça” government was founded.
Public Perception of the Role of the Nigeria Police Force in Curbing the Menace of Kidnapping in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria: A Criminological Study
Authors: Obarisiagbon Barr. Emmanuel Imuetinyan , Omagie Mannie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Kidnapping for ransom has been on the increase in the last ten years in Nigeria and there appears to be no end in sight despite the existence of a police force whose statutory function of crime detection and prevention has come under fire for its abysmal performance. This study therefore examined the public perception of the role of the Nigeria police force in curbing the menace of kidnapping in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria. This study adopted the problem-oriented policing theory in its explanation of the topic under investigation. It also employed the survey and cross-sectional design. The quantitative technique was utilized to collect data from the respondents while a total of 960 respondents were quantitatively sampled. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data collected from the field. Findings from this investigation showed that there is a very poor public perception of the police and that there are a multiplicity of obstacles hindering the efforts of the police at curbing the activities of kidnappers in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that government should improve the funding of the police to boost the morale of the rank and file while the police on its part should get rid of the bad elements within its system in order for public confidence to be restored in its ability.
Relationship between Selected Personal Determinants and Examination Cheating among Kenyan Secondary School Students
Authors: Owenga John Timon Odhiambo , Aloka Peter J. O. , Raburu Pamela A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between selected personal determinants and examination cheating among Kenyan secondary school students. This study used a Sequential Explanatory design. The target population was 51,900 students in Kisumu County within 153 public secondary schools categorized as 2 National secondary schools, 21 extra county schools, and 130 county and sub-county schools. A simple random sampling technique was used to determine sample size which comprised of 380 respondents since the study was confined within specific ecological boundary which was public secondary schools. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, for general data collection from the respondents and in-depth interview schedules for one to one interview of respondents. The finding of the study shows that there was statistically significant positive correlation (r=.592, n=360, p<.05) between Personal determinants and overall perceived level of exams cheating. It is evident from the model that student personal characteristics accounted for 35.1%, as signified by coefficient R2= .351, of the variation in perceived level of examinations cheating among students in secondary schools. it is evident that gender made the highest (Beta=.467) contribution as personal determinant on explaining the dependent variable, when the variance explained by all other variables in the model was controlled for. Student self-esteem had the least effect (Beta=.048) on examinations cheating. However, all the personal determinants had statistically significant influence on examinations cheating among the secondary schools students. The calculated effect size (eta squared=.3514) indicate that there was quite a substantial amount of variance in level of examinations cheating caused by variability in the personal determinants of the students. This suggests that 35.1% of the variance in the perceived exams cheating was accounted for by the personal determinants of the secondary school students, when other variables were controlled. Teacher counselors to assess and identify those students at risk and change their perception on examination cheating due to low self-efficacy.
Gender Differences in Motivation and Teacher Performance in Core Functions in Kenyan Secondary Schools
Authors: Wanakacha Catherine K. , Aloka Peter J. O. , Nyaswa Philip 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in teacher motivation and performance of the core functions. A mixed method research approach was adopted and within it the concurrent triangulation design was used. The target population was 223 teachers, 45 Principals, 45 DOS’s, and 1 DQASO. The sample size comprised of 100 teachers, 14 Principals, 14 HOD’s Co-curricular, 14 DOS’s and 1 DQASO. Validity was ensured by expert judgment by University supervisors at CUEA and their input were incorporated in the final document while reliability of the instruments was ensured and determined by piloting the instruments in four secondary schools of different categories which constituted 10% of the population. A Cronbach reliability coefficient of 0.7134 was reported. Data collected from questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages, means and frequency counts as well as independent samples t-test. The study reported that gender difference did not have an effect on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of teachers to perform their core functions. The study also found that gender difference did not have an effect on teachers to perform their core functions. The Kenyan Teachers Service Commission should work out incentive packages to increase teachers’ motivation to perform their core functions effectively.
Relationship between Emotional Engagement and Academic Achievement among Kenyan Secondary School Students
Authors: Wara Erick , Aloka Peter J. O. , Odongo Benson Charles 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional engagement and academic achievement among secondary school students of Manga Sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study was hinged on the Self Determination theoretical perspective. The concurrent triangulation design of the mixed methods approach was employed. From the target population of 1750 form four students, 35 Principals and 35 Guidance and Counselling teachers, 316 students, 11 Principals and 11 Guidance and counselling teachers, and 11 student leaders were randomly sampled for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the students, while interview schedules were used to collect data from Principals, Guidance and Counselling teachers and student leaders. The face validity of the research instruments was determined by experts from the department of Psychology and Educational Foundations of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology. Reliability was ascertained by the internal consistency method using Cronbach’s alpha, and a reliability coefficient of 0.849 was obtained for the questionnaire. Inferential statistics from quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product correlation and regression analysis with the aid of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Qualitative data from interviews were analyzed thematically. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation(r=.354, N=312, p<.05) between emotional engagement and academic achievement among the students, with an increase in emotional engagement occasioning an improvement in academic achievement. The study recommended that teacher counsellors should adopt appropriate therapy techniques geared towards the enhancement of emotional engagement of all students in the schools of their jurisdiction in order to boost their chances of doing better in their studies.
How some Seemingly Moderate Political Elections Results may Redirect a State’s Historical Course, from the Top Down to the Transformation of National Growth and Socio-Cultural Development Patterns: Turkey’s Political Reforms over the Last Decades as an Ideal Paradigm of Multi- Faceted National Re-Orientation
Authors: Karkazis John , Baltos Georgios C. , Balodis Janis 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses a model for identifying and evaluating how the critical changes in the politics of a state impact its socio-economic life. Political transitions of this magnitude may stem out of elections results, but they are not limited to governmental reforms, since they further create a historical rift between the former and the latter status. They definitely initiate regime turnovers, geostrategic reorientation and shifts of geopolitical axes, but they also transform the national growth and socio-cultural development structures and features.The case study chosen refers to Turkey’s political transformation over the last decades; it is considered an ideal paradigm for testing the relevant research questions due to the extent and depth of the revolutionary changes triggered by the Islamic or the so called neoottoman political parties taking over power and overthrowing the long-lasting status quo of kemalism. The consequences of the before mentioned political shift are being examined in correlation with certain statistical indicators like students’ enrolment in the education system. The statistics are projected over a time series covering previous and current status. Then they are mapped via a Geographic Information System on a regional spatial context towards more comprehensive visual representation and further interpretation of the structural changes indicated.
Identifying Motivational Factors of Pre-service EFL Teachers
Authors: Damar Ebru A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
For over sixty years what motivates individuals to become teachers and how they perceive teaching as a career have been investigated through a growing body of research. The underlying reasons for the research are mostly the problems of teacher shortages and teacher quality. To maintain informed and intelligent generations, teacher quality and teaching cover an important ground in the development of many countries all around the world. The issue of teacher shortages and teacher quality not only differs from one country to another but also from one field to another. In this regard, English language teaching (ELT) is one of the fields that experience teacher shortage and teacher quality issues in Turkey than other teaching fields. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the motivations of pre-service EFL teachers for choosing ‘teaching as a profession and their perceptions about teaching career’. A total of 210 preservice EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers voluntarily participated in the study. The data was gathered by utilizing a motivation scale. The results revealed that prior experiences as a learner, social utility values were the most significant motivation factors for teacher trainees. The findings were discussed in relation to language teacher education.
Fiscal Decentralisation, Public Expenditure Management and Human Capital Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ocheni Stephen I. , Agba Michael Sunday 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper focuses on fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development in Nigeria. It presents a synergical relationship/nexus between fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development and sees fiscal decentralization as an imperative necessity of empowering levels of government with financial resources to bring government closer to the people by the rendition of social services to people within their jurisdictions. The paper further argues that assigned fiscal responsibilities of governmental agencies must be backed up with prudent management of public expenditure (recurrent and capital) which should be aptly targeted at developing the human resources considered as the kingpin of true developmental efforts in any society. Nigeria, a social formation with an estimated population of 180 million persons and the largest economy in Africa has consistently failed in fostering the development of its human capital through budgetary allocations and implementation, fiscal decentralization and public expenditure management. To arrest the trend, the paper calls for a sustained commitment on the part of government in the development of the nation’s resources through sustained budgetary allocations in education, health, agriculture, infrastructural development, training and retraining of workers, power, science and technology and execution of people oriented public programmes/projects.
Relationship between Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Commitment in Hospitality Industry: Case of Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Yüzbaşioğlu Nedim , Doğan Oğuz 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment in hotel enterprises. For this purpose, the data obtained from 243 employees at randomly selected hotel enterprises operating in Antalya region. The findings indicated that there is a relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment. Furthermore, a moderating relationship was found between benevolent leadership and affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment. The findings also indicated that there is a low-level relationship between authoritarian leadership and continuance commitment
A Quest into Recasts as a Type of Corrective Feedback in Foreign Language Classrooms
Authors: Sali Pinar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate how EFL teachers utilise corrective feedback in their classrooms. To this end, an analytic model consisting of various corrective feedback moves was applied to a small amount of data consisting of 12 lesson-hour classroom interaction with a purpose of documenting the frequencies and distribution of corrective feedback, in particular, of recasts in relation to other corrective feedback types and of specific types of recasts. Data were gathered from first-year speaking classes at an ELT department in a large state university in Turkey. The findings indicated that recasts were the most frequently employed corrective feedback strategy by the teachers. A closer examination of those recasts further revealed incorporative declarative recasts as the most preferred type of recasting. Overall, what these findings suggest is that recasts might serve important communicative functions by helping EFL teachers provide input in an authentic and supportive manner and by building on learner output.
EU Paediatric Investigation Plans (Pips) Might Harm Children
Authors: Rose K. , Benisheva-Dimitrova Tatyana 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aim/objective: Since 2007, companies in the EU must submit paediatric investigation plans (PIPs) for new drugs, unless the PIP is waived and the review article investigated if that improve the child healthcare. Methods: We analysed the EU Paediatric Regulation (EUPR), PIP decisions, PIP decision patterns, EU key documents on "better medicines for children" and examined PIP studies versus the epidemiology described in the reference literature. We examined how PIPs translate into studies by checking www. clinicaltrials.gov and www.clinicaltrialsregister.org. We also investigated the medical sense of PIP-demanded clinical studies in adolescents. Results: The EUPR in Art. 2 (1) defines “paediatric population” as those between birth and 18 years. It lists challenges in dosing and safety of drugs in neonates and infants as if these challenges apply to anybody < 18 years. PIPs demand studies in adolescents although this group needs separate dose finding and efficacy studies only in exceptional cases, if at all. Most PIP studies in rare diseases are unfeasible: too many studies for too few patients in general. Two questionable PIP studies were discontinued in 2016, in one of them several patients died. Conclusions: Neonates and infants have immature organs, with resulting potential for drug over/underdosing. PIPs equalize the legal definition of childhood with a biological limit. The resulting automatism leads to a worldwide threat to children. Most PIP-demanded studies are medically senseless, some even worse. Ethics committees should reject questionable PIP studies and suspend such ongoing studies immediately.
Extraintestinal Manifestations and Intestinal Complications in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Associations with Some Clinico-Laboratory Findings, Immunological Markers and Therapy
Authors: Velikova Tsvetelina , Miladinova R. , Ivanova-Todorova E. , Kyurkchiev D. , Spasova Z. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) may have some severe complications that pose an increasing health burden and negatively impact the quality of life. There are two major types - intestinal and extraintestinal complications, in which immune and non-immune mechanisms take place. We aimed to search for some associations between specific extraintestinal manifestation and intestinal complications in CD patients with some clinicallaboratory findings, immunological markers, and the therapy administered. We examined retrospectively medical files of 26 patients with CD at mean age 42 ± 13 years, including the laboratory results. The immunological markers fecal calprotectin (FC) and fecal lactoferrin (FL) were assessed in frozen fecal samples of the chosen patients. Seventy-three percent of the investigated CD patients had some extraintestinal manifestation and/or intestinal complications, at least 13/26 had intestinal complications. All three patients with extraintestinal signs were positive for FC and 2/3 were positive for FL. We observed a higher serum level of CRP (24.49 mg/l vs. 3.13 mg/l, p = 0.010), slightly lowered serum level of hemoglobin (120 g/l vs. 145 g/l, p = 0.044) and about 2-fold lower iron level (7.23 μmol/l vs. 14.0 μmol/l, p = 0.019) in patients with intestinal complications compared to patients without complications, respectively. Four out of thirteen patients with intestinal complications were without immunosuppressive therapy at the time of our study, and nine out of thirteen - on immunosuppressive drugs. Routine laboratory and immunology testing could be beneficial for gastroenterologists in identifying patients at high risk for the development of complications and in the decision making for more aggressive therapy early after diagnosis.
Comparing Exercise Prescription Methods in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in Malaysia
Authors: D’Gasper Dineesha , Bains B. S. , Sadeghi H. , Kumar P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aim: This study was a qualitative study that investigated the exercise prescription method in knee osteoarthritis patients in Malaysia. It purposed to find out the most common and effective method used by physiotherapist in prescribing exercises for knee osteoarthritis patients in Malaysia. Method: This study used a self-administered survey questionnaire. The subjects recruited for this study were diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis, age range of between 50 to 80 years old.The methods of delivery were divided into three categories, which include only verbal instructions, verbal instruction together with demonstration and lastly a combination of all three methods including verbal instruction, demonstration and handouts with diagrams. Results: The results showed that 52% received their exercise prescription with verbal instruction and together with demonstration, about 43% of them received all three types of methods which included the verbal instruction, demonstration and take home handouts and 5% of them only received verbal instruction. Out of 5% who received verbal instruction alone, only 1% understood the exercises and the remaining 4% did not and 45% out of 52% who received verbal and demonstration method understood the exercises and the remaining 7% did not. 5% who received only verbal instruction did not seem to continue the exercises at home. 52% received verbal instruction together with demonstration, with about 44% of them having continued their exercises but the remaining 8% did not. 43% who received all three methods reported to continue. Conclusion: The best method of delivering exercises to knee osteoarthritis patients was proven to be the method with a combination of verbal instruction, demonstration together with a take home handout. This method showed very positive outcome and should be implemented and emphasized more in both the government and private sectors of physiotherapy departments.
Ethical Dimensions of the Patients’ Attitude Towards the GP, Prophylactic and the New Methods of Treatment
Authors: Peycheva Kalina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) data shows that only a small portion of the health insurance holders in the country have visited their GP for the mandatory prophylactic check-up. This fact is rather disturbing. The study aims at investigating the ethical dimensions and the patients’ opinions towards the GPs, prophylactics and the new methods for early diagnostics and treatment. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared for the purposes of the study. The methods utilized were a direct individual anonymous questionnaire, statistical - descriptive, analytical (Chi-square). The answers were examined and statistically processed according to age, gender and education level of the participants. Results: 1. A large percentage of the participants, 88.8% has a GP, however, the situation with the personal dental practitioner is rather different - 66% does not have one. 2. A large percentage of the participants believe in prophylactics, but do not attend regular prophylactic checks which is related to the prevailing mistrust towards the GP, as well as to the education level of the patients - those with higher education believe in and attend prophylactic checks more regularly. 3. The percentage of those who believe in the new methods and means for treatment is high, over 80%, while no difference is found in relation to the patients’ education level. 4. There is no difference in the answers regarding the regular prophylactic checks depending on gender. Conclusion: The strict regulation of the practice of GP and sanctions to the nonregular to prophylaxis patients are needed.