bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 246 sentinel lymph node biopsies of patients with clinical primary breast cancer by application of carbon nanoparticle suspension
Authors: Yang Shi‐Xin , Wei Wen‐Song , Jiang Qi‐Hua , Zhou Yu‐Feng , Qu Wei , Tu Jian‐Hong , Ou‐Yang Qian‐Wen , Zhou Zhi‐Bing , Ding Hao‐Long , Xie Chun‐Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the accuracy, specificity and laws of axillary lymph node metastasis predicted by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by comparing axillary lymph node status via SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with nanocarbon as the tracer.MethodsForty six patients were retrospectively analyzed. These patients underwent SLNB with nanocarbon as the tracer from March 2013 to April 2014.ResultsTwo hundred and forty six patients of sentinel lymph node (SLN) were successfully detected. Among these patients, 8 patients had 1 SLN (3.25%), 33 patients had 2 SLN (13.41%), 46 patients had 3 SLN (18.70%), 51 patients had 4 SLN (20.73%), 40 patients had 5 SLN (16.26%), 24 patients had 6 SLN (9.76%) and 24 patients had 7 or more SLN (9.76%). The SLNB success rate of nanocarbon staining in the 246 cases was 99.59%, accuracy rate was 97.06% and sensitivity was 93.22%. Furthermore, false negatives were found in four patients, and the false‐negative rate was 6.78%. The number of lymph node metastasis in the SLNB and ALND of early‐stage breast cancer was analyzed. When the number of SLN dissection was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, the coincidence rate of lymph node metastasis for SLNB and ALND was 80.00, 84.36, 78.57, 88.89, 90.48, 80.00, 73.68 and 78.36, respectively.ConclusionSentinel lymph node biopsy performed using the nanocarbon staining method is simple, easy and reliable, and it can be used to predict the axillary status of breast cancer in the early stage.
In utero spontaneous bladder rupture in a fetus with posterior urethral valve: A case report of prenatal diagnosis and management
Authors: Magawa Shoichi , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nii Masafumi , Maki Shintaro , Kamimoto Yuki , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPosterior urethral valve (PUV) rarely causes bladder rupture. We experienced hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction after the natural repair of a ruptured bladder in a fetus with PUV. Fetal ascites and oligohydramnios were diagnosed at 26 weeks’ gestational age. While we followed up with ultrasonography, we regularly removed the fetal ascites via abdominal puncture, injecting warm saline instead of amniotic fluid. At 35 weeks’ gestational age, the infant was diagnosed with severe bilateral hydronephrosis, absent of ascites and oligohydramnios. Therefore, a Caesarean section was performed. After birth, the infant was diagnosed with hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction after the natural repair of a ruptured bladder associated with PUV. Thus, a ruptured bladder in a fetus with PUV that has naturally repaired should be closely monitored via ultrasonography for hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction.
Modeling Framework and Decomposition Scheme for On‐Demand Mobility Services with Ridesharing and Transfer
Authors: Lotfi Sepide , Abdelghany Khaled , Hashemi Hossein 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a modeling framework for the operations of on‐demand mobility services (ODMS) in urban areas. The framework provides the capabilities to analyze ODMS operations while representing emerging services such as ridesharing and transfer. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program and an efficient decomposition‐based methodology is developed for its solution. The methodology adopts a modified version of the column generation algorithm, which implements iterative decomposition and network augmentation techniques to allow studying networks of moderate size. The results of a set of experiments considering grid and real‐world networks are presented. The results show that increasing the number of passengers willing to rideshare and/or transfer improves the overall performance of ODMS as it increases number of served passengers and associated profit and reduces the number of used vehicles. Although presented as an offline planning tool, the methodology could be adopted for real‐time applications as adequate computational resources become available.
Plant attributes explain the distribution of soil microbial communities in two contrasting regions of the globe
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Fry Ellen L. , Eldridge David J. , de Vries Franciska T. , Manning Peter , Hamonts Kelly , Kattge Jens , Boenisch Gerhard , Singh Brajesh K. , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

We lack strong empirical evidence for links between plant attributes (plant community attributes and functional traits) and the distribution of soil microbial communities at large spatial scales.

Using datasets from two contrasting regions and ecosystem types in Australia and England, we report that aboveground plant community attributes, such as diversity (species richness) and cover, and functional traits can predict a unique portion of the variation in the diversity (number of phylotypes) and community composition of soil bacteria and fungi that cannot be explained by soil abiotic properties and climate. We further identify the relative importance and evaluate the potential direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties and plant attributes in regulating the diversity and community composition of soil microbial communities.

Finally, we deliver a list of examples of common taxa from Australia and England that are strongly related to specific plant traits, such as specific leaf area index, leaf nitrogen and nitrogen fixation.

Together, our work provides new evidence that plant attributes, especially plant functional traits, can predict the distribution of soil microbial communities at the regional scale and across two hemispheres.
Circadian rhythms are associated with shoot architecture in natural settings
Authors: Rubin Matthew J. , Brock Marcus T. , Baker Robert L. , Wilcox Stephanie , Anderson Kyle , Davis Seth J. , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Circadian rhythms are key regulators of diverse biological processes under controlled settings. Yet, the phenotypic and fitness consequences of quantitative variation in circadian rhythms remain largely unexplored in the field. As with other pathways, phenotypic characterization of circadian outputs in the field may reveal novel clock functions.

Across consecutive growing seasons, we test for associations between clock variation and flowering phenology, plant size, shoot architecture, and fruit set in clock mutants and segregating progenies of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing quantitative variation in circadian rhythms.

Using structural equation modeling, we find that genotypic variation in circadian rhythms within a growing season is associated directly with branching, which in turn affects fruit production. Consistent with direct associations between the clock and branching in segregating progenies, cauline branch number is lower and rosette branch number higher in a short‐period mutant relative to wild‐type and long‐period genotypes, independent of flowering time. Differences in branching arise from variation in meristem fate as well as leaf production rate before flowering and attendant increases in meristem number.

Our results suggest that clock variation directly affects shoot architecture in the field, suggesting a novel clock function and means by which the clock affects performance.
Should phosphate management be limited to the KDIGO/ KDOQI guidelines?
Authors: Dhillon‐Jhattu Sangeet , Sprague Stuart M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is a common complication of CKD. Prior to development of overt hyperphosphatemia, there are several adaptive mechanisms that occur to maintain normal phosphorus equilibrium in patients with CKD. These include an early and progressive rise in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23), followed by an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) with a decrease in 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D). Over the last 20 years, a large number of studies have shown that hyperphosphatemia is a strong predictor of adverse clinical outcomes including increased incidence of vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality in both individuals with CKD as well as those with normal kidney function. In addition, elevations of both FGF 23 and PTH are independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, phosphorus lowering therapies are a vital part of the treatment strategy for patients with CKD and include dietary phosphorus restriction, treatment with phosphate binders and removal with dialysis. However, there has been a lack of high quality evidence demonstrating beneficial effects of phosphate lowering therapy on clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we do not have definitive data as to whether effective phosphate control with phosphate binders will prevent elevations in FGF 23, and whether lowering FGF 23 levels will lead to improved patient outcomes. As a result of the presently available data (or lack thereof) clinical guidelines recommend treatment only after hyperphosphatemia develops and in dialysis patients; KDOQI recommends a treatment target of less than 5.5 mg/dL, whereas KDIGO recommends treating “towards normal.” We are left with a clinical dilemma, being whether these recommendations are adequate, or should we be more aggressive in phosphate management. In this article, our goal is to discuss some of the studies concerning the adverse consequences of phosphate excess and as well as elevated FGF 23 levels, and present our opinion on what we believe the goal of treatment should be.
Is decreased lung function associated with chronic kidney disease? A retrospective cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Soo Kyoung , Bae Ji Cheol , Baek Jong-Ha , Hur Kyu Yeon , Lee Moon-Kyu , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThere is some evidence that lung function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be related. We evaluated the impact of lung function on the development of CKD in a large-scale longitudinal study.MethodRetrospective longitudinal analyses were conducted among subjects who participated in comprehensive health check-ups at least four times during 7 years (between 2006 and 2012). We investigated the development of CKD during the follow-up period according to lung function status.ResultsTen thousand one hundred and twenty-eight individuals (mean age =51.2 years) without CKD at baseline were enrolled. During the mean follow-up of 5 years (58.5±14.4 months), 167 of the 10 128 subjects (1.6%) developed CKD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid, triglycerides, serum albumin, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension revealed that a decrease of 10% in the forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio was associated with a 35% increase in the development of CKD during the follow-up. The incidence of CKD was higher in those with an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.8 compared with those with FEV1/FVC ratio ≥0.8 (HR=1.454; 95% CI 1.042 to 2.028, p=0.028).ConclusionsLimited airflow as measured by the FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with an increased risk of CKD.
Dispersion of a Harmonic Signal within a Turbulent Pipe Flow
Authors: Sullivan P.J. 
Published: April 2018

This paper describes a numerical experiment that was used to investigate the dispersion of marked fluid from a source of oscillating concentration within a fully-developed turbulent pipeflow. A “random-walk” type model of the dispersion process, which takes into account the variation over the flow cross-section of both mean and fluctuating flow fields, was programmed on a digital computer. The dispersion of marked fluid elements with an initial source concentration given as [Formula: see text] was investigated with regard to axial distance x´, radial distance y´, frequency f´ and Reynolds number Re, The friction velocity is u*; f′ = fd/u*; x′=x/d; y′=y/d; Re = du*/v; and 2d is the pipe diameter. The simulation produces wavelike patterns of concentration for which the curve joining points of constant phase, at each point on the flow cross-section, approaches a permanent form. This “equilibrium-wave-form” is independent of x′,t′ = tu*/d, f′ or Re and has the same shape as the curve of maximum concentration over the cross-section when a pulse is the initial source concentration.
The Response of Viscoelastic Materials to Slow Cyclic Stresses
Authors: McCammond D. 
Published: April 2018

The response of viscoelastic materials to uniaxial cyclic stresses at low frequency is analysed theoretically using a Fourier series representation and dynamic compliance calculated from creep data. The theory is applied to sawtooth, square and rectangular wave forms on polymethylmethacrylate and polypropylene. Correlation between theory and experiment is good even when extended into the non-linear region for polypropylene. It is suggested that this approach would require considerably less computation for general cyclic stress forms than an integral superposition method.
A Regulated-Current Network Analog for Reactor Fuel End-Cap Temperatures
Authors: Rogers J. T. , Flemons R. S. , Barns G. M. 
Published: April 2018

An analog of resistors and regulated-current sources has facilitated the thermal design of end caps for nuclear reactor fuel elements. The analog permits cylindrical-symmetric representation of the end caps, adjacent fuel, and sheath. With the analog, temperature distributions in various complex geometry end-cap designs can be readily determined. Non-uniform radial and axial heat source distributions, external uniform or non-uniform heat transfer coefficient distributions, and arbitrary internal contact conductance distributions between components can be treated. A feature of the analog design is the regulation of currents to the nodal points within the simulated fuel region, insuring independence of the current loadings at other nodal points. This facilitates rapid setting of the required heat source distribution. The analog has been used in the design of end caps of fuel elements for different fuel designs. Screening of proposed designs has been accomplished, and design configurations optimized. The principles of the design can be applied to analogs used for many other purposes.
Waveform, Confinement and Heater Thickness Effects on the Critical Heat Flux from Electrically-Heated Thin Strips
Authors: Fisk R. W. , McLaughlin M. H. 
Published: April 2018

Three parameters affecting the critical heat flux from vertical, electrically heated, thin (0.051-0.254 mm) silver strips in R-113 (CC12F-CC1F2) are discussed. The first is the reduction in critical heat flux (up to 32%) with decreasing ribbon thickness due to a lateral thermal conduction effect. The second is a reduced RMS heat flux for an AC sinusoidal waveform. The third is the reduced critical heat flux (up to 40%) from a vertical ribbon when confined between parallel plates, with no apparent dependence on ribbon length.
Pressure Tubes: The Pressure Vessels in the CANDU Nuclear Power Reactor
Authors: Ross-Ross P.A. 
Published: April 2018

One of the main engineering characteristics of the CANDU nuclear-power reactor is the use of pressure tubes rather than one large pressure vessel to contain the fuel and coolant. The power reactor basically consists of a calandria, which is a vessel containing the low pressure heavy water moderator, end shields, and an array of identical pressure tube assemblies which project through the end shields and calandria. This paper briefly describes the CANDU reactor, some of the design and development, done in support of the pressure tube concept, and the Canadian experience with pressure tubes.
Stability of a Simply Supported or Clamped Silo Wall Subjected to Frictional Tangential Follower Loads
Authors: Leipholz H.H.E. , Bhalla K.D. 
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the stability of a silo wall has been investigated without considering the edge effect caused by adjacent walls. The silo wall is assumed to be subjected to tangential, compressive, exponentially varying following loads. Janssen, in his publications, justified using such loads. Hence, since the turn of the century loading of such a type has been widely used for silo design. The direct method of Liapunov is used for the stability investigation. Following this method, one determines the stability conditions without solving explicitly the boundary value problem of the system’s motion. Since no specific form for the solution is assumed when working with Liapunov’s approach, one does not know whether the structure will fail by buckling or by flutter. However, one does obtain the critical load beyond which the safety of the structure is endangered. The results are obtained in the form of three stability conditions. Two of these conditions may be used to determine the dimensions of the silo. The third condition then prescribes the required material damping. The paper may be considered as a first attempt into the investigation of silo stability with Liapunov’s direct method. A complete investigation has to include edge effects and may be left for further research.
Transverse Bending of Thin Concrete Conical Shells on Euler-Winkler Elastic Foundation
Authors: Oravas Gunhard AE. , Chung Kit-Man 
Published: April 2018

Two approximate methods of analysis for thin elastic concrete shells on Euler-Winkler elastic foundation is presented in this paper. The approximate analytical solutions of the Geckeler-Bauersfeld type, and the asymptotic type are developed via a series of simplifying assumptions. The fundamental differential equation of the clastic conical shell is derived by means of approximations first introduced by Kann[1]. A case study of a tank consisting of a cylindrical shell and a shallow conical shell resting on gravel foundation is analysed by means of the approximate solutions, and the results are compared to the conventional solution of this tank problem, which ignores the elastic reaction of the foundation owing to the bending of the conical shell.
Vibration of Thick Circular Plate--Determination of Elastic Properties Through the Resonant Behaviour
Authors: Priolo P. , Sitzia C. 
Published: April 2018

The authors examine, from two complementary points of view, the main problem deriving from the necessity of deducing elastic properties of materials by considering the resonant condition of transversely vibrating discs, that is the determination of the efficiency at high frequencies of finite elements formulated with the assumptions of the thick plate theory. The first approach consists, having standardized the basic relations for various thick annular semi-analytical finite elements, in testing convergence and correspondence to known analytical solutions. The second consists in the experimental evaluation of the influence of thickness in deducing the Young’s modulus of a series of polycarbonate resin discs at frequencies corresponding to modes with up to eight nodal circles.
Prediction of the Efficiency of Non-Circular Spur Gears
Authors: Reinhart W.R. , Ferguson R.J. , Delaney R.G. 
Published: April 2018

This paper reports predictions and test results which indicate the average loss rate per revolution for non-circular gears can be considered essentially the same as those for circular gears given similar specifications and operating conditions. There is, however, a significant variation in loss rate with respect to non-circular gear angular position. The method of prediction was extended from a procedure developed by Anderson and Loewenthal for calculating the losses of external spur gears. The extended method is not restricted to non-circular gears as it can be used to calculate losses in rack and pinion and internal gear meshes.
Erosion of a Two-Dimensional Channel Bend by a Solid-Liquid Stream
Authors: Benchaita Mohamed T. 
Published: April 2018

A theoretical study on “Erosion of a two-dimensional channel bend by a solid/liquid stream” is presented. The problem of erosion involves two interdependent phenomena: the fluid mechanics of the solid/liquid phase and the wear of materials by collisions and friction of solids on the metallic surface. By combining the theories of fluid mechanics of suspended particles in a liquid stream and a simple model of material weight loss by a single abrasive, one can determine the rate of erosion depth along the two-dimensional channel bend. The influence of erosion parameters such as abrasive size and stream velocity (at the bend inlet) is discussed. The generalized model could then be used to evaluate erosion rates in industrial equipment such as pipe-bends, tees and elbows, catalytic cracking of oil, and oil-well casing.
A Time Marching Method for Internal Flows Using Curvilinear Coordinates
Authors: Reggio M. , Camarero R. 
Published: April 2018

A time-marching method for flows with nozzle and blade-to-blade applications is presented. The approach developed consists of solving the basic conservation equations of gas dynamics in conservation form on a curvilinear grid. The assumption of quasi-streamlines is satisfied by generating a body-fitted coordinate system. Stability is maintained by upwind differencing of the mass and momentum fluxes and downwind differencing of the pressure. The method is then applied to the solution of a plane and axisymmetric nozzle and to VKI’s gas turbine blade and compared to previous computations and experiments.
Nutation Accretion or Decay Due to Internal Energy Dissipation
Authors: Rimrott F.P.J. 
Published: April 2018

In the present paper the secular attitude drift of a torquefree axisymmetric gyro is studied as a function of its attitude. By arguing that the gyro’s energy loss is due to the hystereses of its structural elements, an energy dissipation function is established, which is found to be proportional to an innate dissipativity of the gyro’s body and to the gyro’s attitude angle. It is then shown that deformations of the gyro configuration are required, to facilitate the attitude drift induced by dissipation. The deformed gyro configuration is found to be a function of the (slowly drifting) attitude angle only, thus making it nearly constant. As a consequence the concept of rigidity, so essential for gyrodynamics, need not be abandoned. The available experimental evidence is very sparse, but sufficient to show that typical satellites have innate dissipations in the order of microwatts due to structural hysteresis alone; and more, of course, when equipped with a nutation damper.
Further Results on the Stability of Viscoelastic Columns
Authors: Szyszkowski W. , Glockner P.G. 
Published: April 2018

Recent results published by the authors on the stability behaviour of columns made of time-dependent materials are extended in a number of ways. Firstly, the closed-form expression obtained for the safe load limit of a simply supported column made of a linear three-element model material, is generalized for an arbitrary linearly viscoelastic constitutive law. The result, obtained by means of the static stability approach, is confirmed by an asymptotic solution of the dynamic stability equations. The same solution technique is used to generalize this expression for columns with arbitrary boundary conditions. Even though columns as structural members exhibit stable post-buckling behaviour, there are structural configurations, involving compression members, the overall load deflection behaviour of which indicate unstable post-buckling characteristics. A simple example is used to alert the designer to the possibility of encountering such configurations and the danger associated with such post-buckling behaviour in the case of structures made of time-dependent materials.