bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the histamine H4 receptor in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Schaper‐Gerhardt Katrin , Rossbach Kristine , Nikolouli Eirini , Werfel Thomas , Gutzmer Ralf , Mommert Susanne 
Published: November 2018

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are common skin diseases with a high negative impact on patients' quality of life. Both diseases are mediated by a pro‐inflammatory infiltrate consisting of several cell types, such as T‐cells, antigen‐presenting cells and granulocytes and display disturbed keratinocyte differentiation. Given the fact that histamine levels are also highly elevated in inflamed skin, it is likely that histamine plays a relevant role in disease pathology. However, antagonists blocking histamine H1 receptor or H2 receptors are largely ineffective in reducing chronic symptoms in AD and psoriasis. Over the last years, much research has been undertaken to shed light into the mode of action of the most recently discovered histamine H4 receptor. This research has shown that H4 receptor antagonists display antipruritic and anti‐inflammatory effects not only in mouse models but also in first human clinical trials, and therefore, H4 receptors might present a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the effects of the H4 receptors on different cell types, mouse models and clinical studies in regard to AD and psoriasis respectively.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc
Invasive plants differentially affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere pathways: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Pei , Li Bo , Wu Jihua , Hu Shuijin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvasive plants affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere inputs, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are variable. We conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the different effects of litter and rhizosphere of invasive plants on soil communities and nutrient cycling. Our results showed that invasive plants increased bacterial biomass by 16%, detritivore abundance by 119% and microbivore abundance by 89% through litter pathway. In the rhizosphere, invasive plants reduced bacterial biomass by 12%, herbivore abundance by 55% and predator abundance by 52%, but increased AM fungal biomass by 36%. Moreover, CO2 efflux, N mineralisation rate and enzyme activities were all higher in invasive than native rhizosphere soils. These findings indicate that invasive plants may support more decomposers that in turn stimulate nutrient release via litter effect, and enhance nutrient uptake by reducing root grazing but forming more symbioses in the rhizosphere. Thus, we hypothesise that litter‐ and root‐based loops are probably linked to generate positive feedback of invaders on soil systems through stimulating nutrient cycling, consequently facilitating plant invasion. Our findings from limited cases with diverse contexts suggest that more studies are needed to differentiate litter and rhizosphere effects within single systems to better understand invasive plant‐soil interactions.
Factors influencing tadpole deposition site choice in a frog with male parental care: An experimental field study
Authors: Goyes Vallejos Johana , Grafe T. Ulmar , Wells Kentwood D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParents have evolved a variety of strategies to minimize risks to their offspring, including complex choices regarding suitable rearing sites, based on abiotic and biotic factors, which differentially affect offspring survival. Because availability and quality of these sites are variable, parents may have to choose between immediately available lower‐quality rearing sites or extended search time. In some frog species with larval transport, parents are known to select bodies of water that are free of predators, cannibalistic tadpoles, or intraspecific competitors for larval deposition and rearing sites. We tested whether abiotic factors and the presence of predators and conspecific tadpoles affect tadpole deposition behavior in a population of smooth guardian frog, Limnonectes palavanensis, on the island of Borneo. Females lay eggs on land and males guard them until they hatch; after hatching, tadpoles climb onto the male's back and are subsequently transported to small pools of water on the forest floor, which are scarce and patchily distributed. We estimated the abundance of natural tadpole rearing sites in our study area and conducted experiments using artificial pools to test whether abiotic characteristics of these pools affect the probability of larval deposition. We also performed choice experiments to test whether males of L. palavanensis avoid pools with conspecific tadpoles or predators. Lastly, we tested whether the tadpoles of this species exhibit cannibalism. The abundance of natural deposition sites was low, and males readily used artificial pools for tadpole deposition. Males were less likely to deposit tadpoles in artificial pools located in steep areas, and males did not avoid depositing tadpoles in pools with conspecifics or with experimentally introduced predators. Males exhibited clutch‐partitioning behavior, dividing tadpoles between adjacent artificial pools. Pool availability, rather than the presence of potential competitors or predators in a pool, affects tadpole deposition decisions in this species.
What to do when you have almost nothing: A simple quantitative prescription for managing extremely data‐poor fisheries
Authors: Prince Jeremy , Hordyk Adrian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe cost, complexity and the lack of technical capacity in many countries have made the scientific assessment and sustainable management of data‐poor fisheries a persistent problem. New and innovative approaches are needed to stop the ongoing decline of data‐poor fisheries and loss of coastal biodiversity they are driving. In recent decades, marine protected areas have become the most preferred form of management for study and have been widely implemented as broadly applicable powerful management tools for data‐poor fisheries, but although clearly capable of building biomass within sanctuaries, their effectiveness for sustaining fisheries is proving more difficult to substantiate. This study suggests the new approach needed is actually a return to the established basics of managing size selectivity. Previous studies have established the wisdom of managing size selectivity and fishing pressure to catch fish above the size or age of maturity, but their prescriptions are difficult to implement without age studies, or the capacity for controlling catches and fishing pressure. This study develops an easily implementable rule of thumb based simply on multiples of size of maturity and quantifies its benefit where controlling fishing pressure is not yet possible. Our study provides a timely reminder that even if used alone, size selectivity, the oldest form of management, still produces pretty good sustainable yields. We suggest our rule of thumb can be used to prevent data‐poor fisheries declining while capacity for more complex forms of assessment and management are developed.
Results from a person‐centered music intervention for individuals living with dementia
Authors: Ihara Emily S , Tompkins Catherine J , Inoue Megumi , Sonneman Sonya 
Published: November 2018

AimDementia is a chronic, costly disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Effective, affordable person‐centered interventions are required to improve the lived experiences of individuals with dementia and their caregivers in various care settings. The present study examined the effects of a person‐centered music listening intervention on mood, agitation and social engagement for individuals living with dementia.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study was carried out with participants at five community‐based adult day health centers (n = 51). Standardized instruments were used to measure mood and agitation, and in‐person and video‐recorded observations of participant behavior were used to analyze changes before, during and after the intervention across four domains: mood, agitation, connecting to music and engaging socially. Within‐person differences were examined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and between‐group differences were examined using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsAlthough standardized instruments did not yield statistically significant results, the behavioral observations showed a positive change in mood and a decrease in agitation. From pre‐ to post‐intervention, there were statistically significant increases in joy, eye contact, eye movement, being engaged and talkativeness, and a decrease in sleeping and moving or dancing.ConclusionsBehavioral observations show the positive impact a person‐centered music listening intervention might have on individuals living with dementia and attending adult day health centers. This affordable intervention provides a useful tool for caregivers that might improve the day‐to‐day experience of individuals living with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 30–34.
Prevalence and determinants of resistance mutations in HIV‐1‐infected patients exposed to integrase inhibitors in a large Italian cohort
Authors: Modica S , Rossetti B , Lombardi F , Lagi F , Maffeo M , D'Autilia R , Pecorari M , Vicenti I , Bruzzone B , Magnani G , Paolucci S , Francisci D , Penco G , Sacchini D , Zazzi M , De Luca A , Di Biagio A 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of integrase resistance mutations in integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)‐experienced HIV‐1‐infected patients and its predictors.MethodsWe selected HIV‐1 integrase sequences from the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database, derived from INSTI‐experienced patients between 2008 and 2017. Differences in the prevalence of resistance to raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG) and dolutegravir (DTG) were assessed by χ2 test and predictors of resistance were analysed by logistic regression.ResultsWe included 462 genotypes from INSTI‐exposed individuals: 356 ‘INSTI‐failing' patients and 106 ‘previously INSTI‐exposed' patients (obtained a median of 42 weeks after INSTI discontinuation [interquartile range (IQR) 17–110 weeks]). Overall, at least low‐level resistance (LLR) to any INSTI (Stanford 8.5 algorithm) was detected in 198 (42.9%) cases. The most frequent INSTI resistance mutation was N155H, followed by Q148H/K/R, G140A/C/S, E138A/K/T and Y143C/H/R. Y143R and E138A were more prevalent in viral subtype B versus non‐B [5.2 versus 1.5%, respectively (P = 0.04), and 3.1 versus 0%, respectively (P = 0.02)]. Overall, the Q148H/K/R plus G140A/C/S and/or E138A/K/T pattern, defining an intermediate level of resistance to DTG, was detected in 70 (15%) cases. Independent predictors of at least LLR to any INSTI were current use versus past use of INSTIs, a lower genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) for contemporary antiretroviral drugs used, and having an integrase sequence obtained in calendar year 2016 as compared to 2008–2009.ConclusionsThe results support integrase resistance testing in INSTI‐experienced patients. Emergence of INSTI resistance is facilitated by the reduced genetic barrier of the regimen as a consequence of resistance to companion drugs. However, INSTI resistance may become undetectable by standard population sequencing upon INSTI discontinuation.
Cold weather events provoke egg ejection behaviour in open‐nesting passerines
Authors: Shitikov Dmitry , Samsonov Stanislav , Makarova Tatiana 
Published: November 2018

We analysed 25 conspecific egg ejection events from a large sample of nests (n = 762) of three passerine species. In two species, most of the events could not be explained by intraspecific brood parasitism or nest sanitation behaviour. At least some of these cases were behavioural responses to unfavourable weather conditions in the spring of 2017. We conclude that clutch size adjustment through egg ejection may be more widespread among passerines than previously thought.
Warm ischemic time as a critical risk factor of graft failure from donors after cardiac death: A single‐center experience over three decades in the Kidney Donor Profile Index/Kidney Donor Risk Index era in Japan
Authors: Kusaka Mamoru , Kubota Yusuke , Takahashi Hiroshi , Sasaki Hitomi , Kawai Akihiro , Takenaka Masashi , Fukami Naohiko , Kenmochi Takashi , Shiroki Ryoichi , Hoshinaga Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic value of the warm ischemic time and the validity of the Kidney Donor Profile Index/Kidney Donor Risk Index for predicting the survival of donors after cardiac death grafts.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 315 kidneys retrieved from donors after cardiac death at Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. The Kidney Donor Profile Index/Kidney Donor Risk Index was calculated and the grafts were enrolled.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 11.9 years. The Kidney Donor Profile Index had a markedly asymmetric distribution (median 94%), and the Kidney Donor Risk Index had high index rates (0.79–2.94, median 1.70). The overall 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐year graft survival rates were 67.5%, 52.1% and 38.9%, respectively. The Kidney Donor Profile Index correlated with graft survival. The 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐year graft survival rates for the Kidney Donor Profile Index <1.2 were 87.7%, 73.5% and 59.2%; those for the Kidney Donor Risk Index >2.0 were 55.0%, 34.7% and 22.1%, respectively. A Cox multivariate analysis identified the Kidney Donor Risk Index (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.48–2.86, P < 0.0001) and warm ischemic time (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.34, P = 0.0010) as independent risk factors for graft loss. The addition of warm ischemic time >30 min had a significant effect, as measured by the C‐index (0.708–0.731, P = 0.032), improving the net reclassification improvement score (0.256, P = 0.0039) and integrated discrimination improvement score (0.042, P = 0.0022).ConclusionsThe Kidney Donor Profile Index/Kidney Donor Risk Index is a good prognostic tool for determining the outcomes of donors after cardiac death grafts. However, the warm ischemic time should also be included in the allocation system for donors after cardiac death grafts.
Reliability and validity of the Dutch Anxiety, Depression And Mood Scale in adults aged <50 years with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hamers Pauline C. M. , van Ool Jans S. , Festen Dederieke A. M. , Hendriksen Jos G. M. , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Hermans Heidi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundReliable and valid screening instruments for depression and anxiety are needed for adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsInternal consistency (n = 198), inter‐rater reliability (n = 41), test–retest reliability (n = 37) and criterion validity (n = 43) were studied in adults aged between 18 and 49 years. Internal consistency was also studied in a sample with epilepsy (n = 98).ResultsInternal consistencies of the Dutch ADAMS total scale and subscales were satisfactory to good (α = 0.76–0.92), as well as in the subgroup with epilepsy (α = 0.74–0.88). Inter‐rater reliability and test–retest reliability were fair to excellent for the total scale (ICC’s: 0.57–0.84) and subscales (ICC’s: 0.43–0.86). The criterion validity of the Dutch ADAMS Depressive Mood subscale was good with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI: 53%–98%) and a specificity of 80% (95% CI: 64%–90%).ConclusionsOur study shows that the Dutch ADAMS is a reliable and valid instrument for adults aged between 18 and 49 years with intellectual disabilities (and comorbid epilepsy).
Genetic association between different criteria to define sexual precocious heifers with growth, carcass, reproductive and feed efficiency indicator traits in Nellore cattle using genomic information
Authors: Bonamy Martin , Kluska Sabrina , Peripolli Elisa , de Lemos Marcos Vinícius Antunes , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , Vaca Roberto Jose , Lôbo Raysildo Barbosa , de Castro Letícia Mendes , de Faria Carina Ubirajara , Borba Ferrari Fabio , Baldi Fernando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for different precocious calving criteria and their relationship with reproductive, growth, carcass and feed efficiency in Nellore cattle using the single‐step genomicBLUP. The reproductive traits used were probability of precocious calving (PPC) at 24 (PPC24), 26 (PPC26), 28 (PPC28) and 30 (PPC30) months of age, stayability (STAY) and scrotal circumference at 455 days of age (SC455). Growth traits such as weights at 240 (W240) and 455 (W455) days of age and adult weight (AW) were used. Rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), rump fat thickness (RFT) and residual feed intake (RFI) were included in the analyses. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed using a bi‐trait threshold model including genomic information in a single‐step approach. Heritability forPPCtraits was moderate to high (0.29–0.56) with highest estimates forPPC24 (0.56) andPPC26 (0.50). Genetic correlation estimates betweenPPCandSTAYweakened as a function of calving age. Correlation withSC455, growth and carcass traits were low (0.25–0.31; −0.22 to 0.04; −0.09 to 0.18, respectively), the same occurs withRFI(−0.09 to 0.08), this suggests independence between female sexual precocity and feed efficiency traits. The results of this study encourage the use ofPPCtraits in Nellore cattle because the selection for such trait would not have a negative impact on reproductive, growth, carcass and feed efficiency indicator traits. Stayability for sexual precocious heifers (PPC24 andPPC26) must be redefined to avoid incorrectly phenotype assignment.
Deciphering the molecular effects of romidepsin on germ cell tumours: DHRS2 is involved in cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis or induction of romidepsin effectors
Authors: Nettersheim Daniel , Berger Daniel , Jostes Sina , Skowron Margaretha , Schorle Hubert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumours (GCTs) mostly affect young men at age 17‐40. Although high cure rates can be achieved by orchiectomy and chemotherapy, GCTs can still be a lethal threat to young patients with metastases or therapy resistance. Thus, alternative treatment options are needed. Based on studies utilising GCT cell lines, the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin is a promising therapeutic option, showing high toxicity at very low doses towards cisplatin‐resistant GCT cells, but not fibroblasts or Sertoli cells. In this study, we extended our analysis of the molecular effects of romidepsin to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Patients will benefit from these analyses, since detailed knowledge of the romidepsin effects allows for a better risk and side‐effect assessment. We screened for changes in histone acetylation of specific lysine residues and analysed changes in the DNA methylation landscape after romidepsin treatment of the GCT cell lines TCam‐2, 2102EP, NCCIT and JAR, while human fibroblasts were used as controls. In addition, we focused on the role of the dehydrogenase/reductase DHRS2, which was strongly up‐regulated in romidepsin treated cells, by generating DHRS2‐deficient TCam‐2 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We show that DHRS2 is dispensable for up‐regulation of romidepsin effectors (GADD45B, DUSP1, ZFP36, ATF3, FOS, CDKN1A, ID2) but contributes to induction of cell cycle arrest. Finally, we show that a combinatory treatment of romidepsin plus the gluccocorticoid dexamethasone further boosts expression of the romidepsin effectors and reduces viability of GCT cells more strongly than under single agent treatment. Thus, romidepsin and dexamethasone might represent a new combinatorial approach for treatment of GCT.
Pancreatic fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against type 2 diabetes in mice by promoting insulin expression and secretion in a PI3K/Akt signaling‐dependent manner
Authors: Pan Yingying , Wang Baile , Zheng Jujia , Xiong Rongrong , Fan Zhichao , Ye Yanna , Zhang Saisai , Li Qinyao , Gong Fanghua , Wu Chaoming , Lin Zhuofeng , Li Xiaokun , Pan Xuebo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is important in glucose, lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, it remains unknown whether FGF21 is involved in insulin expression and secretion that are dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we found that FGF21 was down‐regulated in pancreatic islets of db/db mice, a mouse model of T2DM, along with decreased insulin expression, suggesting the possible involvement of FGF21 in maintaining insulin homeostasis and islet β‐cell function. Importantly, FGF21 knockout exacerbated palmitate‐induced islet β‐cell failure and suppression of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Pancreatic FGF21 overexpression significantly increased insulin expression, enhanced GSIS, improved islet morphology and reduced β‐cell apoptosis in db/db mice. Mechanistically, FGF21 promoted expression of insulin gene transcription factors and soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, the major regulators of insulin secretion, as well as activating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in islets of db/db mice. In addition, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling effectively suppressed FGF21‐induced expression of insulin gene transcription factors and SNARE proteins, suggesting an essential role of PI3K/Akt signaling in FGF21‐induced insulin expression and secretion. Taken together, our results demonstrate a protective role of pancreatic FGF21 in T2DM mice through inducing PI3K/Akt signaling‐dependent insulin expression and secretion.
Targeting PRMT5/Akt signalling axis prevents human lung cancer cell growth
Authors: Zhang Shikui , Ma Yaqiong , Hu Xiaoyan , Zheng Yonghua , Chen Xiaoke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe emerging evidence reveals that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is involved in regulation of tumour cell proliferation and cancer development. Nevertheless, the exact role of PRMT5 in human lung cancer cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely obscure. Here, we showed that PRMT5 was highly expressed in human lung cancer cells and lung cancer tissues. Furthermore, we generated PRMT5 stable knockdown cell lines (A549 and H1299 cells) and explored the functions of PRMT5 in lung cancer cell proliferation. We found that the down‐regulation of PRMT5 by shRNA or the inhibition of PRMT5 by specific inhibitor GSK591 dramatically suppressed cyclin E1 and cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. Moreover, we uncovered that PRMT5 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation via regulation of Akt activation. PRMT5 was directly co‐localized and interacted with Akt, but not PTEN and mTOR. Down‐regulation or inhibition of PRMT5 markedly reduced Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473, whereas the expression of PTEN and mTOR phosphorylation was unchanged, indicating that PRMT5 was an important upstream regulator of Akt and induced lung cancer cell proliferation. Altogether, our results indicate that PRMT5 promotes human lung cancer cell proliferation through direct interaction with Akt and regulation of Akt activity. Our findings also suggest that targeting PRMT5 may have therapeutic potential for treatment of human lung cancer.