bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lungworm Infection in a Herd of Young and Dairy Goats at an Organic Farm
Authors: Kyriánová I.A. , Vadlejch J. , Langrová I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The prevalence and intensity of infection of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris in dairy and young goats were evaluated at one organic farm in the Czech Republic. A total of 605 faecal samples were collected from rectum of thirty selected dairy and thirty young goats; each individual was examined monthly throughout a year. Data were statistically evaluated to verify the existence of differences in values of larvae count per gram (LPG) in dairy and young goats. Further, dairy goats were divided into three groups depending on the number of lactations and the differences in LPG values between groups were statistically evaluated. The species M. capillaris was the only lung parasite identified during our study with an overall prevalence 87.2 % and 93.1 % for young goats and dairy goats, respectively. The difference in the larvae count between young and dairy goats was not statistically significant. The comparison of larvae counts in goat groups depending on the number of lactation showed significant differences between dairy goats on the first and second lactation and between goats on the second and third lactation (P < 0.05) contrary to larvae count between goats on the first and third lactation.
Interspecific Variability of Filarioid Nematodes of the Genus Setaria Viborg, 1795 Occurring in Wild Ruminants in Europe: A Review
Authors: Lanková S. , Vejl P. , Melounová M. , Langrová I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Setaria (Spirurida, Filarioidea) are parasites of vertebrates except fish. Dangerous are their larvae (microfilariae) that may migrate to the central nervous system of hosts causing serious neuropathic disorders of vertebrates including human. Setaria cervi, S. labiatopapillosa, and S. tundra are potential parasites in wild ruminants in Europe. The most recent studies of variability among Setaria spp. are based on a combination of morphometric and molecular methods. Although there is no clear consistency in the morphological structures used by different authors, a morphological key was compiled based on the body length, the arrangement of peribucal crown, and the number of papillae in the caudal part of the body. The barcoding system of Setaria genus is based on sequences of conserved gene polymorphisms such as COX1 and rDNA genes. The published sequences of COX1 gene in Setaria populations were analysed using in silico phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method (Tamura-Nei model). This analysis confirmed that the COX1 nucleotide polymorphisms genes are species-specific and represent the theoretical basis for the development of markers enabling barcoding system in the genus Setaria.
Differentiation of Rubber Cup Coagulum Through Machine Learning
Authors: Nepacina M.R.J. , Foronda J.R.F. , Haygood K.J.F. , Tan R.S. , Janairo G.C. , Co F.F. , Bagaforo R.O. , Narvaez T.A. , Janairo J.I.B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A support vector machine classification algorithm was formulated to differentiate rubber cup coagulum according to the type of acid coagulant used. Two classification models were established, a binary classification algorithm and a model that can identify if formic, acetic, sulfuric acid, or no acid was used to induce coagulation. The models were based on the properties of the rubber cup coagulum that are easy to measure, such as tensile strength, water contact angle, and density. The binary classification model, which differentiates the industry-accepted formic acid-coagulated rubber cup coagulum from those which are not, exhibited satisfactory reliability, as evidenced by a 92% overall prediction accuracy and 71.4% cross-validation accuracy. Moreover, it was also determined that the rubber properties density, and water contact angle were important contributors for the classification. Acid-induced rubber coagulation is an important post-harvest process that influences the resulting rubber quality. Thus, the accurate differentiation of the rubber samples is useful for quality assurance purposes, as well as in policy enforcement.
Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Empirical Evidence from Central European and Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Ganić Mehmed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper seeks to empirically examine the validity of nexus between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and poverty reduction in the context of twelve European transition and post-transition countries divided in two regions, between 2000 and 2015. The empirical analysis investigates whether some variations in poverty reduction are influenced by countries’ FDI performance and lead by progress in the EU integration process. The study finds that the nexus between FDI and poverty reduction varies between two regions (the Western Balkan region and the Central Europe region). While the relationship between FDI and poverty reduction has a positive effect in the Western Balkan region, it is insignificant and negative in the Central European region. In addition, the findings confirm some earlier assumptions that FDI impacts poverty reduction more strongly in poorer countries (the Western Balkan region) than in wealthier countries (the Central European region).
An Investigation into the Level of Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Abdulmumin Biliqees Ayoola , Etudaiye-Muhtar Oyebola Fatima , Jimoh Abdulrasaq Taiye , Sakariyahu Ola Ridwan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Financial inclusion is crucial for redistribution of economic resources between the deficit and surplus units in an economy. Despite the importance of financial inclusion, especially for economic growth of developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevailing level financial inclusion remain an open question. Against this background, this study investigates the level of financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2005 and 2015. This study employs secondary data obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The data obtained was subjected to Principal Component Analysis to determine the level of financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings show that Sub-Saharan Africa has a medium level of financial inclusion during the observed period with Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) value of 0.095023. The study concludes that Sub-Saharan Africa has high propensity to achieve a high level of financial inclusion in the region if more outlets of financial institutions are established.
Discretion of the Monetary Policy: An Exemplification with Bolivia
Authors: Rivero Roger Alejandro Banegas , Ramírez Marco Alberto Núñez , Ríoe Sacnicté Valdez del 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we evaluate and quantify the role of the discretion of the monetary policy in an open small and open economy (the case of Bolivia). The results suggest that conventional instruments of the Central Bank respond in different ways: interest rates present a sensitive/elastic response to output gap (actual economic cycle) [1.8]; an inelastic mechanism to inflation [0.5]. On the other hand, open market operations in the Central Bank responds elastically to inflation [1.2] and insensible to the output gap. These results are robust to alternative specification utilizing the Generalized Method of moments (GMM), for the quarterly period from 2000(T1)-2015(T4).
Coupling Tank Model and Lars-Weather Generator in Assessments of the Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Naser , Amiri Bahman Jabbarian , Endergoli Leila Eslami , Karimi Shirin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
With the aim of assessing the impact of climate change on surface water resources, a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (the tank model) was coupled with LARS-WG as a weather generator model. The downscaled daily rainfall, temperature, and evaporation from LARS-WG under various IPCC climate change scenarios were used to simulate the runoff through the calibrated Tank model. A catchment (4648 ha) located in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea was chosen for this research study. The results showed that this model has a reasonable predictive capability in simulating minimum and maximum temperatures at a level of 99%, rainfall at a level of 93%, and radiation at a level of 97% under various scenarios in agreement with the observed data. Moreover, the results of the rainfall-runoff model indicated an increase in the flow rate of about 108% under the A1B scenario, 101% under the A2 scenario, and 93% under the B1 scenario over the 30-year time period of the discharge prediction.
Characterization of Bitumen Binders on the Basis of Their Thermo-Viscous Properties
Authors: Holý Michal , Remišová Eva 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bitumen is one of the basic building materials that is mainly used in road construction. Nowadays, we can observe increased requirements for the quality of bituminous binders, which are due to increased traffic loads, changing climate conditions, and decreasing crude oil stocks. Besides “traditional” (empirical) tests (softening point, penetration), new types of tests have been developed that can better describe the quality and behavior of bitumen binders. Their composition can also be a significant part of the properties themselves. Therefore, the elemental and group composition of bitumen must also be observed. The use of the viscosity temperature susceptibility (VTS) test appears to be well suited to evaluate the properties of bitumen binders. The VTS parameter is directly dependent on the viscosity of bitumen, but it is necessary to say that VTS can be significantly affected by the composition of the bitumen. The paper is focused on determining the dependencies between the VTS and the bitumen’s composition, respectively, to find out how the composition influences the VTS.
The Binder Index – A Parameter That Influences the Strength of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Rama Seshu D. , Shankaraiah R. , Sesha Srinivas B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an environmentally friendly material in the sense that it uses industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA), which are activated by an alkaline solution. This paper presents an experimental investigation concerning the strength of the GPC and its relation to a new parameter called the ‘Binder Index (BI)’. The parameters considered in the investigation include GGBS to fly ash ratios (0.25 0.43, 0.67, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.3) and the molarity of the alkaline activator (6, 8, 10, and 12). The binder index combines the effect of the GGBS to the fly ash ratio and the molarity of the alkaline activator. The results have shown that the strength of the GPC is significantly influenced by varying the binder index. The results indicate that a nonlinear relation exists between the binder index and the compressive strength of the GPC and the binder index and the modulus of rupture.
Quantification of Changes in the Shape and Dimensions of Parcels in Land Consolidation
Authors: Geisse Robert , Hudecová Ľubica 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the shapes and dimensions of parcels fordifferent types of land management. Firstly, various types ofland management are defined with a theoretical expression of side ratios, which should be used as a basis for drafting new parcels.In later parts of the paper, we discuss a compactness index,which is used to define the compactness of parcels and methods of calculating a compactness index by several authors. Based on the theoretical values of side ratios, we determined compactness index ranges for different types of land management. Our theoretical findings have been verified at the area of interest, i.e., part of the municipality of Stupava. Based on a comparison of the compactness index for parcels of respective owners before and after consolidation, we can evaluate any improvement of the compactness of parcels for their respective owners and, through improving the parcels’ compactness, we can improve land cultivation. Based on these calculations, we can also determine the percentage of parcels in the municipality based on side ratios before and after the consolidation process.
The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety and Their Lifestyle Determinants in a Large Sample of Iranian Adults: Results from a Population Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alizadeh Zeinab , Feizi Awat , Rejali Mehri , Afshar Hamid , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Abdollahi Mahbubeh , Adibi Peyman 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Association of lifestyle-related factors and mental health has been less studied in Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of two common mental health problems, i.e., depression and anxiety, and their lifestyle determinants in a large sample of Iranian population.
This study was conducted within the framework of SEPAHAN population based cross-sectional study (N=4763(. The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) was used to assess physical activity and the Iranian-validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to screen for anxiety and depression. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method for data analysis by SPSS version 16.0. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
The risk of anxiety and depression was 2.5 (OR=2.56,95% CI: 1.97-3.33) and 2.21(1.83-2.67) times higher in women than men, respectively. With every one-year increase in the age, the risk of anxiety decreased by 2% (OR=0.98,95% CI:0.97-0.99). Individuals with higher education had 56% lower risk of anxiety (OR=0.44,95% CI: 0.36-0.55) and 46% depression (OR=0.54,95% CI: 0.46-0.64) than the undergraduate group, and the risk of depression in the inactive (less than one hour of activity per week) group was 27% higher than the active group (OR=1.27,95% CI: 1.06-1.51). The risk of anxiety in the non-smoker group was 65% (OR=0.35,95% CI: 0.20-0.59) and depression was 64% lower than among smokers (OR=0.34,95% CI:0.22-0.53). In the ex-smoker group, the risk of anxiety was 60% (OR=0.40,95% CI:0.19-0.85) and depression was 59% lower than for the smoker group (OR=0.41,95% CI: 0.24-0.73).
This current study’s results demonstrated significant associations between unhealthy lifestyle factors and increased risk of anxiety and depression. Hence, special attention must be paid to preventive intervention programmes aiming to enhance healthy lifestyle among at-risk populations.
Influence of cognitive and motor abilities on the level of current functioning in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Slavkovic Sanela , Golubovic Spela , Vojnovic Matilda , Nadj Congor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in a wide range of disabilities. The effects of cognitive and motor dysfunctions are significant and affect level of functioning in people with MS.

Objective
The aim of the research was to determine the common contribution of neurological, motor and cognitive status to the overall functioning of MS patients.

Method
The sample consisted of 108 subjects with RRMS. The instruments used in the research included: The General Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the Nine Hole Peg Test, the 25 Foot Walk Test, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Results
Subjects with a mild neurological deficit had a higher level of current functioning in all domains (a lower WHODAS 2.0 score) than subjects with a moderate neurological deficit (r=0.43, p<0.001). We found a positive correlation between the level of cognitive impairment and motor deficits of both upper and lower extremities and the level of neurological deficit (p<0.001). Subjects with lower neurological deficits had significantly lower WHODAS 2.0. scores, i.e. better motor abilities of both upper and lower extremities than subjects with moderate neurological deficits (p<0.001). The greatest contribution to explaining the overall level of current functioning of people with MS had subjects’ age, cognitive abilities and motor abilities of the upper extremities.

Conclusion
Inverse relationship of neurological, motor and cognitive status affects the overall daily functioning of people with MS, requiring planning of comprehensive programs in the rehabilitation of people with MS.
Prevalence of and factors associated with healthcare-associated infections in Slovenian acute care hospitals: Results of the third national survey
Authors: Klavs Irena , Serdt Mojca , Korošec Aleš , Lejko Zupanc Tatjana , Pečavar Blaž 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them.

Methods
Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.

Results
Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.1–5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3–3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.3).

Conclusions
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Health behaviour changes of cutaneous melanoma survivors in Slovenia – a qualitative study
Authors: Butina Mirjam Rogl , Švab Igor , Perić Barbara , Bartenjev Igor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Most data related to cutaneous melanoma survivors’ health behaviour comes from epidemiological studies and is predominantly concerned with safe-sun behaviour and self-examination. Data regarding other changes of health behaviour are scarce and so are qualitative studies in this realm. The aim of our research is to acquire insight into the experiences of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Slovenia. How did they react to the diagnosis, which changes did they introduce in their health behaviour and how do they assess the role of family doctors?

Methods
Using the qualitative approach of collective case reports, a demographically diverse group of patients with different forms and stages of cutaneous melanoma was selected. Semi-structured interviews conducted by a psychologist were recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data processing, the approach of Qualitative Content Analysis was applied.

Results
We integrated interviewees’ experiences after the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in several subcategories: either they did not introduce any changes or they mentioned changing their habits when exposed to the sun and performing skin self-examination; they also emphasized their ways of dealing with stress and raising awareness about melanoma among family members and friends. The role of family doctors in the prevention and care appears unclear; even contradictory.

Conclusion
We obtained insight into the experiences of Slovenian patients with cutaneous melanoma. The interviewees prioritised safe behaviour in the sun, strengthening of psychological stability and raising awareness about melanoma. Findings will be used in the creation of a structured questionnaire for national epidemiological survey.
Frailty assessment scales for the elderly and their application in primary care: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dolenc Eva , Rotar-Pavlič Danica 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The increase in the elderly population is causing changes and challenges that demand a comprehensive public health response. A specific characteristic of the elderly is their frailty. Today’s problems with identifying levels of frailty are being resolved by numerous tools in the form of frailty assessment scales. This systematic review establishes which frailty assessment scales for the elderly are being used and what their applicability in primary care is like in Slovenia and around the world.

Methods
Documents published after 2010 were searched for in the PubMed database using keywords and other specific criteria.

Results
A total of 177 search hits were obtained based on various search strings. The final analysis included 28 articles, of which three were systematic literature reviews. These three covered quantitative studies, mainly consisting of observational cross-sectional surveys or cohort studies. Three other studies featured non-systematic literature reviews. Quantitative studies (mainly cross-sectional surveys or cohort studies) prevailed among the remaining 22 articles. One study had a qualitative design (Delphi method). The main outcome measures observed by all studies were frailty assessment scales for the elderly, the majority of which were evaluated on a sample of the elderly.

Conclusions
None of the assessment scales examined are used as the gold standard for primary care. A variety of tools are being used in clinical practice to assess frailty in elderly patients, highlighting the need for standardization and guidelines. This requires evaluating the current assessment scales in terms of validity and reliability, and suitably improving them.
Access to Finance – Experiences of SMEs in Croatia
Authors: Kolaković Marko , Turuk Mladen , Turčić Ivan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Access to finance for small and medium enterprises still represents one of the biggest problems that entrepreneurs face when launching their business or when they want to enhance their production capacities in other stages of the enterprise life cycle. Entrepreneurs generally use informal sources of financing when starting their business (3F: family, friends and fools) if they do not have other available sources of financing. There is a common classification in the literature that divides the sources of financing to: informal investors, debt financing, equity financing, government support programs and the entrepreneurs’ own sources. The purpose of the survey conducted for this paper is to determine the sources of used finance of Croatian SMEs and the main problems that SMEs encountered while accessing finance. The second main goal of this article is to identify future needs for financing with potential financing problems that may occur. We gathered data from Croatian SMEs about the sources of funding used over the past three years and about the funding sources that they intend to use in the next three years. In last part of the paper we analyze the results from the survey and from that draw the implications for policy makers and market participants.