bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Désonorisation des voyelles en franco canadien
Authors: Gendron Jean-Denis 
Published: February 2018

Il existe dans le français de Paris, par suite de certains groupements de sons, des désonorisations qui concernent uniquement les consonnes; mais jamais aucun phonéticien, à notre connaissance, n’a signalé le fait pour les voyelles. C’est que la prononciation parisienne normale accorde à tous les sons d’un mot une égale importance, quelle que soit sa position syllabique ou son entourage consonantique. La prononciation canadienne, moins attentive et moins ferme, désonorise les voyelles fermées ainsi que les semi-consonnes, menaçant, en quelque sorte, l’intégrité du mot.L’abbé R. Charbonneau ainsi que W. N. Locke signalent le phénomène, sans en pousser l’étude plus avant. Cependant, ce dernier nous donne une indication succinte, mais très intéressante: “The high front vowels and q are sometimes whispered when they are unaccentuated and preceded by a sibilant”. Nous verrons par la suite qu’à ces sons, il faut ajouter le yod, et que les conditions phonétiques de la désonorisation ne se réduisent pas à celle qu’indique W. N. Locke.
Cage et Cageux
Authors: Dulong Gaston 
Published: February 2018

Cage et cageux sont deux termes forestiers ne figurant dans aucun dictionnaire français et qui ont déjà intrigué plusieurs dialectologues canadiens. Les uns les ont considered comme mots “du cru”, les autres comme mots à bannir de notre vocabulaire.Le fichier de la Société du Parler français au Canada nous servira à faire l'histoire de ces mots. Ce fichier possède déjà une cinquantaine de fiches sur cage, cageux ainsi que sur leurs dérivés ou concurrents.Ces deux mots remontent beaucoup plus loin qu'on ne le croit généralement. C'est au 17e siècle qu'ils apparaissent pour la premiére fois et l'emploi qu'on en fait laisse supposer qu'ils sont connus depuis longtemps. Dans les comptes du Séminaire de Québec le 20 avril 1693, on paye à Antoine Buisson 4 livres “pour la cage de son cajeu” et le même jour, on paye à la même personne 12 livres pour 16 cordes de bois rendues à la basse-ville.
The Canadian Summer Institute of Linguistics
Authors: Cowan George M. 
Published: February 2018

The Canadian Summer Institute of Linguistics is a training school offering an introductory course in descriptive, structural linguistics. The curriculum includes phonetics, phonemics, morphology, syntax, and a series of lectures on related field problems. Each of the five divisions is given the equivalent of 55 classroom hours, an hour a day, five days a week, over an 11 week period.The overall aim is to prepare the student for field work, especially in areas where no, or very little, linguistic work has been done. For this reason the emphasis in phonetics is on hearing, reproduction, and transcription. This is done in small drill groups with each student receiving as much individual help as possible. Sections are usually limited to eight students per instructor. The instructors take the students through the range of possibilities of speech sounds, explaining with diagrams and demonstrations the manner in which such sounds are made.
Neutralisation and Fusion of Vocalic Phonemes in Canadian English as Spoken in the Vancouver Area
Authors: Gregg R. J. 
Published: February 2018

1.In the last issue of the JCLA (March 1957) I made a tentative phonetic analysis of the English spoken by the younger generation in the Vancouver area. On the basis of that analysis I propose in this article to go on to the examination of one of the problems that face us in the phonemic classification of the Vancouver vowels.2.I should like to stress from the beginning that this problem is distributional, for whatever our views on the nature of the phoneme — whether we regard it as a concrete, practical unit, useful in the description of languages and dialects known or hitherto unknown, or whether we consider it as an abstract Platonic idea whose translation to the real world involves a series of Protean adaptations or adjustments to the phonological environment — in either case, the most important factor to be considered is distribution.
A reconstruction of the system of verb aspects in proto-Berbero-Semitic
Authors: Kossmann Maarten , Suchard Benjamin D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeveral verbal forms reconstructed for proto-Semitic strongly resemble reconstructed forms in proto-Berber: compare Semitic yV-PaRRaS to Berber y-əFăRRăS, Semitic yV-PRaS to Berber y-əFRăS, and Semitic yV-PRuS and yV-PRiS to Berber y-ăFRəS. We suggest that these forms are historically related and sketch a line of development from the reconstructed meanings to their attested uses. yVPaRRaS, originally imperfective, retains that value in both Berber and Semitic. yVPRas, originally stative, gained a perfective meaning in Berber and Semitic; the stative meaning is retained in Berber, but was largely lost in Semitic. yVPRus/yVPRiS, originally perfective, retained that meaning in Semitic, merging with the newly perfective yVPRas forms; in Berber, yVPRaS completely replaced perfective yVPRuS/yVPRiS, relegating the latter to non-aspectual uses. We conclude by considering the quality of the first vowel; the alternation seen in Berber y-əFRăS and y-ăFRəS supports reconstructions as yiPRaS and yaPRuS/yaPRiS, conforming to the Barth–Ginsberg Law of Semitic.
Negotiating the culture order in New Zealand workplaces
Authors: Holmes Janet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn many societies the relative social status of different social and cultural groups results in hegemonic relationships or an ‘order’ which manifests itself as sets of taken-for-granted societal norms or ideologies which influence behavior, including linguistic behavior. I label this concept theculture order, and propose it as a potential sociolinguistic universal. Drawing on the research of the Language in the Workplace Project (LWP) team, I provide evidence of some of the complex components of the New Zealand culture order. Using a social realist theoretical framework, and an interactional sociolinguistics approach, I identify a number of areas of contrast in the discourses instantiating the Māori and Pākehā culture orders (e.g. meeting norms, ways of criticising others), as well as discourse norms apparently shared by both groups (e.g. the Modesty Maxim; see Leech 2014). The complexities of these similarities and differences are discussed as well as their implications for hegemonic relationships. (Culture order, workplace discourse, sociolinguistic universals, egalitarianism, meeting norms)*
L'Atlas Linguistique De La Gaspesie
Authors: Dulong Gaston 
Published: February 2018

L'Atlas linguistique de la Gaspésie est en chantier depuis l'été 1953. Au cours de ce premier été d'enquêtes, j'ai fait la côte nord de la péninsule, de Matane à Riviére-au-Renard, à raison d'une enquête à tous les vingt ou vingt-cinq milles. L'été dernier, j'ai enquête sur la Baie-des-Chaleurs accompagné d'un deuxième enquêteur, Monsieur Jean-Denis Gendron, professeur à l'université Laval.Nous avons choisi la Gaspésie comme terrain d'enquête parce qu’ il s'agit d'une région formant une unité géographique relativement peu étendue bien que particulièrement intéressante pour des enquêteurs. Cet intérèt vient du fait que la population de la Gaspésie est loin d'être homogène et que la bigarrure, quant à l'origine, du stock ethnique se reflète dans la langue parlée.
Speech Differences along the Ontario-United States Border
Authors: Avis Walter S. 
Published: February 2018

In the first article of this series I pointed out the great similarity between the speech habits of Ontarioans and those of their American neighbours across the line: both speak a variety of North American English. This state of affairs should not be surprising in view of the early settlement history of the borderlands and of subsequent cultural and social contact along the border.There are, nevertheless, many linguistic features not shared by speakers of English on both sides of the border. In terms of vocabularly I have already illustrated a number of such differences, indicating that, in the main, they probably result from the generalization in Ontario of words current in British English—the speech of thousands of immigrants who have come to Canada during the past century or so.
Kant and the Harmony of the Faculties: A Non-Cognitive Interpretation
Authors: Kumar Apaar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKant interpreters are divided on the question of whether determinate cognition plays a role in the harmony of the faculties in aesthetic judgement. I provide a ‘non-cognitive’ interpretation that allows Kant’s statements regarding judgements of natural beauty to cohere such that determinate cognition need not be taken to perform any role in such judgements. I argue that, in aesthetic harmony, judgement privileges the free activity of the imagination over the cognizing function of the understanding for the purpose of unifying the object, although the free imagination cannot violate the obscure concepts and principles of ordinary common sense.
Never Mind the Intuitive Intellect: Applying Kant’s Categories to Noumena
Authors: Marshall Colin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccording to strong metaphysical readings of Kant, Kant accepts noumenal substances and causes. Against such readings, Markus Kohl has recently argued that, for Kant, (a) an intuitive intellect is a decisive measure for reality, but (b) an intuitive intellect would not represent noumena as substances or causes. Against Kohl, I argue that the intuitive intellect might indirectly represent noumenal substances and causes, which is enough to save the strong metaphysical reading. In addition, I show how Kant’s apparently anti-metaphysical statements about the content of the categories can be read in a metaphysically friendly way.
Comments on Dennis Schulting: Kant’s Radical Subjectivism
Authors: Newton Alexandra 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper I discuss four ways in which Schulting’s phenomenalist interpretation of Kant faces the challenge of accounting for the possibility of objective cognition. First, I ask whether objective cognition requires the understanding to be a faculty of absolute, not merely relative spontaneity. Second, is objectivity compatible with thinking of the transcendental ‘I’ as an indexical? Third, does objectivity require that the objects have being independently of the understanding? Finally, is it a threat to objectivity if objects can be given to me in sensibility without standing under the categories?
Phase-sensitive plasmonic biosensor using a portable and large field-of-view interferometric microarray imager
Authors: Yesilkoy Filiz , Terborg Roland A , Pello Josselin , Belushkin Alexander A , Jahani Yasaman , Pruneri Valerio , Altug Hatice 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNanophotonics, and more specifically plasmonics, provides a rich toolbox for biomolecular sensing, since the engineered metasurfaces can enhance light–matter interactions to unprecedented levels. So far, biosensing associated with high-quality factor plasmonic resonances has almost exclusively relied on detection of spectral shifts and their associated intensity changes. However, the phase response of the plasmonic resonances have rarely been exploited, mainly because this requires a more sophisticated optical arrangement. Here we present a new phase-sensitive platform for high-throughput and label-free biosensing enhanced by plasmonics. It employs specifically designed Au nanohole arrays and a large field-of-view interferometric lens-free imaging reader operating in a collinear optical path configuration. This unique combination allows the detection of atomically thin (angstrom-level) topographical features over large areas, enabling simultaneous reading of thousands of microarray elements. As the plasmonic chips are fabricated using scalable techniques and the imaging reader is built with low-cost off-the-shelf consumer electronic and optical components, the proposed platform is ideal for point-of-care ultrasensitive biomarker detection from small sample volumes. Our research opens new horizons for on-site disease diagnostics and remote health monitoring.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LINC01410-miR-532-NCF2-NF-kB feedback loop promotes gastric cancer angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Zhang Jia-Xing , Chen Zhen-Hua , Chen Dong-Liang , Tian Xiao-Peng , Wang Chen-Yuan , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Gao Ying , Xu Yi , Chen Cui , Zheng Zhou-San , Weng Hui-Wen , Ye Sheng , Kuang Ming , Xie Dan , Peng Sui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDysregulation of non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs has been reported to play vital roles in gastric cancer (GC) carcinogenesis, but the mechanism involved is largely unknown. Using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data set and bioinformatics analyses, we identified miR-532-5p as a potential tumor suppressor in GC, and found that lncRNA LINC01410 might be a negative regulator of miR-532-5p. We then conducted a series of in vivo and in vitro assays to explore the effect of LINC01410 on miR-532-5p-mediated GC malignancy and the underlying mechanism involved. MiR-532-5p overexpression inhibited GC metastasis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas miR-532-5p silencing had the opposite effect. Further study showed that miR-532-5p attenuated NF-κB signaling by directly inhibiting NCF2 expression, while miR-532-5p silencing in GC enhanced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated miR-532-5p down-regulation was caused by aberrantly high expression of LINC01410 in GC. Mechanistically, overexpression of LINC01410 promoted GC angiogenesis and metastasis by binding to and suppressing miR-532-5p, which resulted in up-regulation of NCF2 and sustained NF-κB pathway activation. Interestingly, NCF2 could in turn increase the promoter activity and expression of LINC01410 via NF-κB, thus forming a positive feedback loop that drives the malignant behavior of GC. Finally, high expression of LINC01410, along with low expression of miR-532-5p, was associated with poor survival outcome in GC patients. Our studies uncover a mechanism for constitutive LINC1410-miR-532-5p-NCF2-NF-κB feedback loop activation in GC, and consequently, as a potential therapeutic target in GC treatment.
De novo adipocyte differentiation from Pdgfrβ+ preadipocytes protects against pathologic visceral adipose expansion in obesity
Authors: Shao Mengle , Vishvanath Lavanya , Busbuso Napoleon C. , Hepler Chelsea , Shan Bo , Sharma Ankit X. , Chen Shiuhwei , Yu Xinxin , An Yu A. , Zhu Yi , Holland William L. , Gupta Rana K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPathologic expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis; however, factors triggering this maladaptive remodeling are largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that the potential to recruit new adipocytes from Pdgfrβ+ preadipocytes determines visceral WAT health in obesity. We manipulate levels of Pparg, the master regulator of adipogenesis, in Pdgfrβ+ precursors of adult mice. Increasing the adipogenic capacity of Pdgfrβ+ precursors through Pparg overexpression results in healthy visceral WAT expansion in obesity and adiponectin-dependent improvements in glucose homeostasis. Loss of mural cell Pparg triggers pathologic visceral WAT expansion upon high-fat diet feeding. Moreover, the ability of the TZD class of anti-diabetic drugs to promote healthy visceral WAT remodeling is dependent on mural cell Pparg. These data highlight the protective effects of de novo visceral adipocyte differentiation in these settings, and suggest Pdgfrβ+ adipocyte precursors as targets for therapeutic intervention in diabetes.
Novel and Haplotype Specific MicroRNAs Encoded by the Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Clark P. M. , Chitnis N. , Shieh M. , Kamoun M. , Johnson F. B. , Monos D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe MHC is recognized for its importance in human health and disease. However, many disease-associated variants throughout the region remain of unknown significance, residing predominantly within non-coding regions of the MHC. The characterization of non-coding RNA transcripts throughout the MHC is thus central to understanding the genetic contribution of these variants. Therefore, we characterize novel miRNA transcripts throughout the MHC by performing deep RNA sequencing of two B lymphoblastoid cell lines with completely characterized MHC haplotypes. Our analysis identifies 89 novel miRNA transcripts, 48 of which undergo Dicer-dependent biogenesis and are loaded onto the Argonaute silencing complex. Several of the identified mature miRNA and pre-miRNA transcripts are unique to specific MHC haplotypes and overlap common SNPs. Furthermore, 43 of the 89 identified novel miRNA transcripts lie within linkage disequilibrium blocks that contain a disease-associated SNP. These disease associated SNPs are associated with 65 unique disease phenotypes, suggesting that these transcripts may play a role in the etiology of numerous diseases associated with the MHC. Additional in silico analysis reveals the potential for thousands of putative pre-miRNA encoding loci within the MHC that may be expressed by different cell types and at different developmental stages.
Adenovirus-prime and baculovirus-boost heterologous immunization achieves sterile protection against malaria sporozoite challenge in a murine model
Authors: Yoshida Kunitaka , Iyori Mitsuhiro , Blagborough Andrew M. , Salman Ahmed M. , Dulal Pawan , Sala Katarzyna A. , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Khan Shahid M. , Janse Chris J. , Biswas Sumi , Yoshii Tatsuya , Yusuf Yenni , Tokoro Masaharu , Hill Adrian V. S. , Yoshida Shigeto 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of artemisinin-resistant malaria parasites, a highly efficacious and durable vaccine for malaria is urgently required. We have developed an experimental virus-vectored vaccine platform based on an envelope-modified baculovirus dual-expression system (emBDES). Here, we show a conceptually new vaccine platform based on an adenovirus-prime/emBDES-boost heterologous immunization regimen expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). A human adenovirus 5-prime/emBDES-boost heterologous immunization regimen consistently achieved higher sterile protection against transgenic P. berghei sporozoites expressing PfCSP after a mosquito-bite challenge than reverse-ordered or homologous immunization. This high protective efficacy was also achieved with a chimpanzee adenovirus 63-prime/emBDES-boost heterologous immunization regimen against an intravenous sporozoite challenge. Thus, we show that the adenovirus-prime/emBDES-boost heterologous immunization regimen confers sterile protection against sporozoite challenge by two individual routes, providing a promising new malaria vaccine platform for future clinical use.
Mapping the refractive index with single plasmonic nanoantenna
Authors: Gurbatov S. , Vitrik O. , Kulchin Yu. , Kuchmizhak A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs the size of the state-of-the-art optical devices shrinks to nanoscale, the need for tools allowing mapping the local optical properties at deep sub-diffraction resolution increases. Here we demonstrate successful mapping the variations of the refractive index of a smooth dielectric surface by detecting spectral response of a single spherical-shape Ag nanoparticle optically aligned with a supporting optical fiber axicon microlens. We propose and examine various excitation schemes of the plasmonic nanoantenna to provide efficient interaction of its dipolar and quadrupolar modes with the underlying sample surface and to optimize the mapping resolution and sensitivity. Moreover, we demonstrate an lithography-free approach for fabrication of the scanning probe combining the high-quality fiber microaxicon with the Ag spherical nanoparticle atop. Supporting finite-difference time-domain calculations are undertaken to tailor the interaction of the plasmonic nanoantenna and the underlying dielectric substrate upon various excitation conditions demonstrating good agreement with our experimental findings and explaining the obtained results.
Spatial summation across the visual field in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Je Shindy , Ennis Fergal A. , Woodhouse J. Margaret , Sengpiel Frank , Redmond Tony 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRicco’s area (the largest area of visual space in which stimulus area and intensity are inversely proportional at threshold) has previously been hypothesised to be a result of centre/surround antagonism in retinal ganglion cell receptive fields, but recent evidence suggests a sizeable cortical contribution. Here, Ricco’s area was measured in amblyopia, a condition in which retinal receptive fields are normal, to better understand its physiological basis. Spatial summation functions were determined at 12 visual field locations in both eyes of 14 amblyopic adults and 15 normal-sighted controls. Ricco’s area was significantly larger in amblyopic eyes than in fellow non-amblyopic eyes. Compared to the size of Ricco’s area in control eyes, Ricco’s area measured significantly larger in amblyopic eyes. Additionally, Ricco’s area in the fellow, non-amblyopic eye of amblyopic participants measured significantly smaller than in control eyes. Compared to controls, Ricco’s area was larger in amblyopic eyes and smaller in fellow non-amblyopic eyes. Amblyopia type, binocularity, and inter-ocular difference in visual acuity were significantly associated with inter-ocular differences in Ricco’s area in amblyopes. The physiological basis for Ricco’s area is unlikely to be confined to the retina, but more likely representative of spatial summation at multiple sites along the visual pathway.
Lack of effects of simvastatin on smoking cessation in humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study
Authors: Ingrand Isabelle , Solinas Marcello , Ingrand Pierre , Dugast Emilie , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Pérault-Pochat Marie-Christine , Lafay-Chebassier Claire 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA recent pre-clinical study has shown that brain-penetrating statins can reduce risks of relapse to cocaine and nicotine addiction in rats. Based on this information, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial to assess the efficacy of simvastatin in smoking cessation. After informed consent, 118 participants received behavioral cessation support and were randomly assigned to a 3-month treatment with simvastatin or placebo. The primary outcome was biochemically verified abstinence or smoking reduction at 3-month post-target quit date (TQD). Secondary outcomes were abstinence during weeks 9–12 post-TQD, prolonged abstinence or reduction at months 6 and 12 post-TQD, safety and craving assessed at each visit during the 3-month period of treatment. Simvastatin treatment was not associated with higher 3-month abstinence or smoking reduction compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in any of the secondary outcomes. Simvastatin was well tolerated. Over 3 and 9 months follow-up period, 78% simvastatin and 69% placebo participants were retained in the study. At 6 and 12 months, smoking remained significantly reduced from baseline in both groups. Our results demonstrate that a 3-month simvastatin treatment (40 mg/day), added to individual behavioral cessation support, does not improve significantly smoking cessation compared to placebo in humans.