bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO VIOLENT CONTENT OF VIDEO-GAMES ON EVOLUTION OF AGGRESSIVE AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOURS
Authors: Wyne Mahad , Hassan Hamid , Rafiq Hussnain , Lodhi Marwah Asif , Hussain Hamza , Zafar Rehab 
Published: November 2024

Background: Exposure to violent video games leads to aggressive and suicidal behaviours. The objective of this study was to compare violence exposure, degree of aggression and suicidal ideation between non-video gamers (NVGs), non-violent video gamers (NVVGs), and violent video gamers (VVGs), and to correlate degree of violence exposure to intensity of aggression and suicidal ideation. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were included in each of NVGs, NVVGs and VVGs groups. Exposure to violence was evaluated through Video Game Questionnaire (VGQ), degree of aggression via Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and severity of suicidal ideation through Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). ANOVA, Post Hoc Tukey’s test, and Pearson’s correlation were used for data analysis. Results: Degree of violence exposure was significantly different between NVGs, NVVGs and VVGs (p=0.000), and so was intensity of physical-aggression, verbal-aggression, anger, hostility, and suicidal ideation (p=0.000 respectively). Degree of violence experienced by NVVGs and VVGs depicted a positive correlation with intensity of physical aggression [(r=0.467, p=0.004) and (r=0.546, p=0.001) respectively], verbal aggression [(r=0.401, p=0.015) and (r=0.476, p=0.003) respectively], anger [(r=0.564, p=0.000) and (r=0.485, p=0.003) respectively], hostility [(r=0.484, p=0.003) and (r=0.440, p=0.007) respectively] as well as suicidal ideation [(r=0.827, p=0.000) and (r=0.604, p=0.000) respectively] while physical-aggression, verbal-aggression, anger and hostility scores showed an independent positive correlation with suicidal likelihood in both NVVGs and VVGs [(r=0.451, p=0.006), (r=0.484, p=0.003), (r=0.480, p=0.003), (r=0.384, p=0.021), and (r=0.441, p=0.007), (r=0.442, p=0.007), (r=0.458, p=0.005), (r=0.491, p=0.002) respectively]. Conclusion: Exposure to violent video games creates aggression associated suicidal tendency.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):27?30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1550
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ORGANISMS IN CERVICAL SMEAR OF INFERTILE VERSUS FERTILE WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Javed Sumaira , Zilli Huma  , Humaira Imtiaz  , Sara Jadoon  , Fayyaz Ahmed  , Alruba Taimoor  
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a challenging health problem around the world affecting 22% of women in Pakistan. Approximately 75% of women are infected with sexually transmitted diseases during their life at least once, and present with cervical epithelial cell lesions. Sexually transmitted infections are responsible for pelvic inflammatory disease which is known to be the most common cause of infertility. The rationale behind this study is to investigate whether infertile women have a higher incidence of infectious organisms in their cervical smears than the fertile controls.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty subjects in total were recruited in the study sample. Cervical smears of 100 infertile women were compared with 50 fertile women in the age range of 20-40 years. Fifty fertile patients were taken as controls (Group A), 50 primary infertile (Group B) and 50 secondary infertile patients (Group C) in outpatient departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.
RESULTS: A significant difference was observed among the three groups regarding the prevalence of infectious organisms in their cervical smears (p value < 0.004), with higher rate in infertile women. In addition, the secondary infertile women group showed significant rise in the rate of isolation of infectious organisms as compared to primary infertile women.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that infectious organisms are present at a remarkably higher rate in infertile women in comparison to fertile women. Women with secondary infertility have a greater possibility of colonization with infectious organisms than women with primary infertility. Thus, it is suggested that
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TRANSABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSING SHORT CERVICAL LENGTH KEEPING TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY AS THE GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Mehmood Sadia , Khan Rimsha , Anwar Sarah , Yousaf Sammia , Ibtihaj Muntiha , Waheed Alveena 
Published: November 2024

Background: Transvaginal ultrasound is a gold standard technique for diagnosing short cervix. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal sonography (TAS) in diagnosing short cervical length in 20–28 week pregnant women keeping transvaginal ultrasound as the gold standard. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Radiology, DHQ Hospital, Narowal from 1st July 2023 to 1st March 2024. A total of 321, 20–28 week pregnant women were included. Cervical length was measured initially by transabdominal ultrasound followed by transvaginal ultrasound. Results: Of the total 321 patients, 264 were true negative, 28 were false negative, 14 were false positive and 15 were true positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of TAS in assessing accurate cervical length are 34.8%, 94.8%, 51.7%, 90.4%, and 86.9% respectively. In all cases with transabdominal cervical length >35 mm, the NPV of transabdominal ultrasound reached 100%. Conclusion: TAS exhibits limited accuracy in correctly identifying short cervical length in women who indeed have a short cervical length. However, it demonstrates a strong ability to exclude short cervical length in women with a normal cervical length. Cervical length measured via transabdominal ultrasound can be reliably reported as safe if it exceeds 35 mm. For measurements below it, further evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound is recommended.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):49–52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1651
LINK BETWEEN PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA
Authors: Kiran Khadija , Malik Mahwash , Fatima Sabahat , Tahir Farah Naz , Andleeb Jazib , Habib Haroon , Ashraf Haiqa 
Published: November 2024

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia, characterized by elevated homocysteine levels, is recognized as a significant risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its role in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. This study aims to measure the homocysteine concentration in CVD patients and determine the link between homocysteine levels and premature CVD. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 350 subjects after their consent and randomly selected after approval by the IRB. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi. In the experimental group, 200 patients with unstable angina, non-ST, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included. After 10 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken and homocysteine concentrations were measured with an ELISA kit (Rochester). Wilcoxon test was applied and p?0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the subjects fell in older age groups. Family history of CVD was present in 41% of patients, 48% had non-ST and ST-elevation MI, 7% were post-myocardial infarction, and 3% patients had recurrent myocardial infarction. There was an increased concentration of homocysteine in the experimental groups compared to controls (25±0.1 µmol/L vs 5.71±0.2 µmol/L). The differences were more significant in ST elevation than in other conditions and the control group. Conclusion: Homocysteine levels were elevated in CVD with the highest concentration observed in ST-elevation MI. It is important to monitor homocysteine levels in patients with a family history of cardiovascular disease or a history of myocardial infarction. Elevated homocysteine levels may be useful biomarker for assessing cardiovascular risk.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):74-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1699
THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN NEONATES: INCIDENCE, PRESENTATION, AND STUDY OF CORRELATED FACTORS AT A LAHORE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Aslam Aliya , Saima Pervaiz  , Ikram ul Haq  , Ahsan Umaira , Iqbal Sahar , Arshad Asma , Rana Isra Khalid , Shamim Saba 
Published: November 2024

Background: Patients with thrombocytopenia have been observed to experience changes in their coagulation profile and severity of disease. This study aims to see the incidence, presentation, and correlating factors of thrombocytopenia in newborns. Methods: From Jan 2023 to Jan 2024, 200 newborns in the Paediatric and Pathology Departments of Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital participated in a cross-sectional study. Utilizing SPSS-23, overall data was analysed. Results: In this study 138 (69%) of the 200 newborns were female, and 62 (31%), were male. Seventy-six (38%) neonates had thrombocytopenia, whereas 124 (62%), neonates had normal platelet counts. Of the 76 newborns, 42 (21%) had mild thrombocytopenia, 25 (12.5%) had moderate thrombocytopenia, and 9 (4.5%) had severe thrombocytopenia. Thirty-five percent early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia (EOT) had early onset thrombocytopenia, while 46 (23%) had thrombocytopenia in the late onset (LOT) phase. There was a strong correlation discovered between thrombocytopenia and anaemia, jaundice asphyxia, low birth weight, preterm and full-term neonatal birth, and neonatal jaundice. The correlation of bleeding in neonates with thrombocytopenia was significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Moderate to severe thrombocytopenia in newborns often follows mild thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is highly correlated with bleeding, preterm birth, full-term birth (extensive monitoring during childbirth), anaemia, hypoxia, and sepsis. In sick newborns, severe thrombocytopenia is considered as a prognostic marker.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):37–9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1703
ALAT PENDETEKSI ASAP ROKOK BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS PADA RUANG GURU MTS MAMBA’UL BAROKAH NW BOROK
Authors: Faoziah Faoziah , Zaenudin Zaenudin , Masjun Efendi Muhamad 
Published: November 2024

Asap rokok merupakan salah satu kebiasaan yang ada di kehidupam sehari –hari yang tidak bisa dihindari. Merokok dapat merusak kesehatan seperti gangguan pernapasan, kercunan syaraf dan masih banyak lagi. Tidak hanya itu saja, merokok juga bisa membahayakan orang lain yang ikut menghirup adanya asapnya. Alat pendeteksi asap rokok berbasis internet of things (IoT) dirancang untuk mendeteksi asap rokok pada ruangan. Metode yang di gunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan dengan pendekatan pengembangan. Sistem ini menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP8266 yang terhubung dengan berbagai sensor, yaitu sensor MQ-2 sebagai pendeteksi asap, sensor DHT11 sebagai pendeteksi suhu ruangan. Selain itu sistem ini dilengkapi dengan kipas sebagai penetralisir ruangan. Informasi-informasi yang diperoleh sensor tersebt dikirim ke aplikasi Blynk untuk pemantauan jarak jauh. Dengan integrasi ini sistem dapat memberikan informasi adanya asap rokok pada ruangan.
IMPLEMENTASI VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OWASP (OPEN WEB APPLICATION SECURITY PROJECT) PADA WEBSITE UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI MATARAM
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Suryadi Emi , Muslim Rudi , Samsumar Lalu Delsi 
Published: November 2024

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mengalami peningkatan signifikan selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Website sering kali menjadi target serangan siber karena terdapat kerentanan yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh penyerang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan Vulnerability Assessment (VA) pada website Universitas Teknologi Mataram dengan mengikuti panduan dari Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). OWASP menyediakan daftar sepuluh besar kerentanan yang sering ditemukan didalam aplikasi web, seperti SQL Injection, XSS (Cross-Site Scripting), dan CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vulnerability Assessment dan Penetration Testing (VAPT), yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap: pengumpulan informasi, pemindaian untuk mengidentifikasi celah keamanan, eksploitasi celah, serta pembuatan laporan. Tools yang digunakan antara lain OWASPZAP dan Burp Suite untuk mendeteksi dan pengujian kerentanan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan laporan yang mengidentifikasi tiga kerentanan dengan level sedang, empat kerentanan dengan level rendah, serta tidak ada kerentanan dengan level tinggi. Setelah pemindaian, hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa serangan Clickjacking berhasil dieksploitasi, sementara serangan XSS tidak berhasil dilakukan, menunjukkan adanya mekanisme pertahanan yang baik terhadap XSS. Selain itu, ditemukan beberapa kelemahan dalam konfigurasi aplikasi. Solusi perbaikan yang direkomendasikan disesuaikan dengan standar keamanan OWASP. Dengan dilakukannya VAPT ini, diharapkan pengelola website Universitas Teknologi Mataram dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan mengurangi risiko serangan siber yang berpotensi merugikan. Implementasi OWASP sebagai panduan pengujian keamanan terbukti efisien dalam mendeteksi serta mengatasi celah keamanan dalam aplikasi web.
Implikasi Literasi Digital Tentang Perilaku Diet Untuk Kejadian Obesitas Pada Remaja Di Kecamatan Doloksanggul Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Tahun 2023
Authors: Pasaribu Pebri , Lumbantoruan Benny Maria 
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Remaja merupakan kelompok usia yang sangat sensitif terhadap masalah gizi karena remaja mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang sangat pesat dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia sebelumnya (Ida Niara et al., 2022). Percepatan pertumbuhan mempengaruhi komposisi tubuh, tingkat aktivitas fisik, berat badan, dan pertumbuhan massa tulang (Amrynia & Prameswari, 2022). Masalah obesitas merupakan masalah global bahkan World Health Organization (WHO) telah menyatakannya sebagai epidemi global (Mutia et al., 2022). Obesitas terjadi ketika asupan energi secara signifikan melebihi pengeluaran energi dalam jangka waktu yang lama, yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Tujuan: Studi ini akan melakukan investigasi bagaimana Untuk mengetahui ” implikasi literasi digital diet untuk kejadian obesitas pada remaja pada kebiasaan remaja dalam melaksanakan diet di Humbang Hasundutan. Metode: Untuk mengevaluasi hipotesis penelitian, desain penelitian kuantitatif digunakan, terdapat 58 responden anak remaja . Seluruh data penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan Implikasi Literasi Digital Perilaku Diet Untuk Kejadian Obesitas Pada Remaja Di Kecamatan Doloksanggul Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Tahun 2023 dengan jumlah responden 58 orang, peneliti dapat mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan uji statistik yang dilakukan dan diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: ada Hubungan kemampuan Literasi Digital terhadap kejadian obesitas di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Tahun 2023 ( p-value=0,003 atau p-value < 0,05).. Diskusi: Selain itu, studi ini memberikan wawasan kepada setiap anak remaja dan akademisi tentang bagaimana literasi digital mempengaruhi kejadian Obesitas.
Teacher Educators’ Mental Stress towards Online Teaching in West Bengal, India
Authors: Sultana Jemima , Nasrin  
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to find out the mental stress of teacher educators towards online teaching in respect to their gender and type of institutions. Descriptive survey method was employed for the study. 200 teacher educators were selected as sample by random sampling from 29 different universities and colleges of West Bengal, including government and private institutions. Among the selected samples, 120 were male and 80 were female, while 103 teacher educators were from government institutions and 97 from self-financed institutions. Data were collected using “ICT Scale on Mental Stress”. Data were analyzed by percentage analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed that 40% teacher educators faced high mental stress towards using ICT in online teaching. Further the results revealed that female teacher educators faced more mental stress than their male counterparts. Teacher educators of private colleges showed more mental stress than the teacher educators of government institutions. Therefore, rigorous training on online teaching can be recommended for teacher educators.
Assessing Socioeconomic Disparities and Health Outcomes among Cancer Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Okenwa Samuel Chukwuemeka , Ekweozor Chika Augusta , Eze Ifeanyi , Nwankwo Favour Mmesoma , Nwachukwu Jane Chidera , Anunwa Ifunanya Genevieve , Nwiyi Chimaobi Jude , Ejike Lazarus Chukwuemeka 
Published: November 2024

Background: Cancer affects all population groups in the Nigeria, but due to social, environmental, and economic disadvantages, certain groups bear a different burden of cancer. Disparities in health among populations account for preventable morbidity and mortality. Research in this area is focused on identifying health disparities and outcomes contributing to overall wellbeing. Different groups may experience cancer disparities and these groups can be defined by age, gender, education, ethnicity, income, race, origin, and other characteristics. Health disparities can affect cancer outcomes, from diagnosis to treatment. This study evaluates the health disparities and outcomes of cancer patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire among patients visiting the oncology unit in the hospital. The questionnaire was interviewer- administered. Descriptive statistics was used to present respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. Pearson correlation test was used to determine relationship between the determinant of cancer disparity (social demographics) and the outcomes (from patient perspective).
Results: A total of 150 patients participated in the study. More female respondents (70%) than male respondents (45%), mostly within the age range of 62 and above (56.7%) participated in this study. The disparities examined include: age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupatina, montly income, religion and health insurance. There was a correlation between the different disparities and health outcomes. All disparities except gender were statistically significant (P = 0.05 & 0.01). Age, marital status, occupation status, religion and health insurance associated postively, while educational level and monthly income associated negatively. Gender had no associaton at all. Overall, patients (50%) were a little satisfied with the overall health outcomes.
Catalytic Oxo/Imido Heterometathesis by a Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Titanium Imido Complex
Authors: Zhizhko Pavel A. , Pichugov Andrey V. , Bushkov Nikolai S. , Allouche Florian , Zhizhin Anton A. , Zarubin Dmitry N. , Ustynyuk Nikolai A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGrafting Ti(=NtBu)(Me2Pyr)2(py)2 (Me2Pyr= 2,5‐dimethylpyrrolyl, py=pyridine) onto the surface of silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C gives the well‐defined silica‐supported Ti imido complex (≡SiO)Ti(=NtBu)(Me2Pyr)(py)2, which is fully characterized by IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental and mass balance analyses. While stoichiometric imido‐transfer reactivity is typical for Ti imides, the obtained surface complex is unique in that it enables catalytic transformations involving Ti imido and oxo intermediates. In particular, it efficiently catalyzes imidation of carbonyl compounds with N‐sulfinylamines by oxo/imido heterometathesis.
Catenierung und Aggregation von Koordinationskäfigen mit mehreren Kavitäten
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Regeni Irene , Holstein Julian J. , Dittrich Birger , Simon Miriam , Prévost Sylvain , Gradzielski Michael , Clever Guido H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEine Reihe metallvermittelt gebildeter Käfige mit mehreren Kavitäten wurde unter Verwendung von PdII‐Kationen und drei‐ oder vierzähnigen Liganden synthetisiert und mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, Massenspektrometrie und Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Der Erdnuss‐förmige [Pd3L14]‐Käfig auf Basis des dreizähnigen Liganden L1 konnte durch Versetzen mit einem Chlorid‐Salz quantitativ in das interpenetrierte [5Cl@Pd6L18]‐Dimer umgewandelt werden, das eine lineare {[Pd‐Cl‐]5Pd}‐Stapelung und damit ein bisher einzigartiges Strukturmotiv aufweist. Kleinwinkel‐Neutronenstreuexperimente zeigten, dass die Zigarren‐förmigen Gebilde mit einer Länge von 3.7 nm durch solvophobe Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Hexyl‐Seitenketten zu einlagigen Scheiben mit einem Durchmesser von 14 nm aggregieren. Ferner konnte beobachtet werden, dass der hepta‐kationische [5Cl@Pd6L18]‐Käfig mit polyanionischen Oligonukleotid‐Doppelsträngen unter Auflösung der Aggregate in Wasser wechselwirkt, was diese Art von Supramolekülen für Anwendungen interessant macht, die auf nicht‐kovalenter DNA‐Bindung beruhen.
Solvent‐Tuned Supramolecular Assembly of Fluorescent Catechol/Pyrene Amphiphilic Molecules
Authors: Nador F. , Wnuk K. , Roscini C. , Solorzano R. , Faraudo J. , Ruiz‐Molina D. , Novio F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and structuration of a novel low‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic catechol compound is reported. The combination of a hydrophilic tail containing a catechol unit and a pyrene‐based hydrophobic head favors solvent‐tuned supramolecular assembly. Formation of hollow nanocapsules/vesicles occurs in concentrated solutions of polar protic and nonprotic organic solvents, whereas a fibril‐like aggregation process is favored in water, even at low concentrations. The emission properties of the pyrene moiety allow monitoring of the self‐assembly process, which could be confirmed by optical and electronic microscopy. In organic solvents and at low concentrations, this compound remains in its nonassembled monomeric form. As the concentration increases, the aggregation containing preassociated pyrene moieties becomes more evident up to a critical micellar concentration, at which vesicle‐like structures are formed. In contrast, nanosized twist beltlike fibers are observed in water, even at low concentrations, whereas microplate structures appear at high concentrations. The interactions between molecules in different solvents were studied by using molecular dynamics simulations, which have confirmed different solvent‐driven supramolecular interactions.
Chimeric XNA: An Unconventional Design for Orthogonal Informational Systems
Authors: Efthymiou Tim , Gavette Jesse , Stoop Matthias , De Riccardis Francesco , Froeyen Mathy , Herdewijn Piet , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe paradigm of homogenous‐sugar‐backbone of RNA and DNA has reliably guided the construction of many functional and useful xeno nucleic acid (XNA) systems to date. Deviations from this monotonous and canonical design, in many cases, results in oligonucleotide systems that lack base pairing with themselves, or with RNA or DNA. Here we show that nucleotides of two such compromised XNA systems can be combined with RNA and DNA in specific patterns to produce chimeric‐backbone oligonucleotides, which in certain cases demonstrate base pairing properties comparable to—or stronger than—canonical systems, while also altering the conventional Watson–Crick pairing behavior. The unorthodox pairing properties generated from these chimeric sugar‐backbone oligonucleotides suggest a counterintuitive approach of creating modules consisting of non‐base pairing XNAs with RNA/DNA in a set pattern. This strategy has the potential to increase the diversity of unconventional nucleic acids leading to orthogonal backbone‐sequence‐controlled informational systems.