bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioids differentially modulate two synapses important for pain processing in the amygdala
Authors: Kissiwaa Sarah A. , Patel Sahil D. , Winters Bryony L. , Bagley Elena E. 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposePain is a subjective experience involving sensory discriminative and emotionally aversive components. Consistent with its role in pain processing and emotions, the amygdala modulates the aversive component of pain. The laterocapsular region of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) receives nociceptive information from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) and polymodal, including nociceptive, inputs from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). Opioids are strong analgesics and reduce both the sensory discriminative and the affective component of pain. However, it is unknown whether opioids regulate activity at the two nociceptive inputs to the amygdala.Experimental ApproachUsing whole‐cell electrophysiology, optogenetics, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether opioids inhibit the rat PB–CeLC and BLA–CeLC synapses.Key ResultsOpioids inhibited glutamate release at the PB–CeLC and BLA–CeLC synapses. Opioid inhibition is via the μ‐receptor at the PB–CeLC synapse, while at the BLA–CeLC synapse, inhibition is via μ‐receptors in all neurons and via δ‐receptors and κ‐receptors in a subset of neurons.Conclusions and ImplicationsAgonists of μ‐receptors inhibited two of the synaptic inputs carrying nociceptive information into the laterocapsular amygdala. Therefore, μ‐receptor agonists, such as morphine, will inhibit glutamate release from PB and BLA in the CeLC, and this could serve as a mechanism through which opioids reduce the affective component of pain and pain‐induced associative learning. The lower than expected regulation of BLA synaptic outputs by δ‐receptors does not support the proposal that opioid receptor subtypes segregate into subnuclei of brain regions.
Reduction in HPV16/18 prevalence among young women with high‐grade cervical lesions following the Japanese HPV vaccination program
Authors: Matsumoto Koji , Yaegashi Nobuo , Iwata Takashi , Yamamoto Kasumi , Aoki Yoichi , Okadome Masao , Ushijima Kimio , Kamiura Shoji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Horie Koji , Tasaka Nobutaka , Sonoda Kenzo , Takei Yuji , Aoki Yoichi , Konnai Katsuyuki , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Nakamura Keiichiro , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Watari Hidemichi , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Matsumura Noriomi , Nakai Hidekatsu , Shigeta Shogo , Takahashi Fumiaki , Noda Kiichiro , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki ,   for the MINT Study Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Japanese government began a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls aged 12‐16 years in 2010 but withdrew its recommendation in 2013 because of potential adverse effects, leading to drastically reduced vaccination uptake. To evaluate population‐level effects of HPV vaccination, women younger than 40 years of age newly diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1‐3 (CIN1‐3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or invasive cervical cancer (ICC) have been registered at 21 participating institutes each year since 2012. A total of 7709 women were registered during 2012‐2017, of which 5045 were HPV genotyped. Declining trends in prevalence of vaccine types HPV16 and HPV18 during a 6‐year period were observed in CIN1 (50.0% to 0.0%, Ptrend < .0001) and CIN2‐3/AIS (83.3% to 45.0%, Ptrend = .07) only among women younger than 25 years of age. Overall, HPV vaccination reduced the proportion of HPV16/18‐attributable CIN2‐3/AIS from 47.7% to 33.0% (P = .003): from 43.5% to 12.5% as routine vaccination (P = .08) and from 47.8% to 36.7% as catch‐up vaccination (P = .04). The HPV16/18 prevalence in CIN2‐3/AIS cases was significantly reduced among female individuals who received their first vaccination at age 20 years or younger (P = .02). We could not evaluate vaccination effects on ICC owing to low incidence of ICC among women aged less than 25 years. We found HPV vaccination to be effective in protecting against HPV16/18‐positive CIN/AIS in Japan; however, our data did not support catch‐up vaccination for women older than 20 years. Older adolescents who skipped routine vaccination due to the government’s suspension of its vaccine recommendation could benefit from receiving catch‐up vaccination before age 20 years.
Genetic risk score predicts risk for overweight and obesity in Finnish preadolescents
Authors: Viljakainen Heli , Dahlström Emma , Figueiredo Rejane , Sandholm Niina , Rounge Trine B. , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCommon genetic variants predispose to obesity with varying contribution by age. We incorporated known genetic variants into genetic risk scores (GRSs) and investigated their associations with overweight/obesity and central obesity in preadolescents. Furthermore, we compared GRSs with lifestyle factors, and tested if they predict the change in body size and shape in a 4‐year follow‐up. We utilized 1142 subjects from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin‐HIT) cohort. Overweight and obesity were defined with age‐ and gender‐specific body mass index (BMI) z‐score (BMIz), while central obesity by the waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). Background data on parental language, eating habits, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and sleep duration were included. Genotyping was performed with the Metabochip platform. Weighted, standardized GRSs were derived. Of the11‐year‐old children, 25.5% were at least overweight and 90.8% had Finnish speaking background. BMI‐GRS was associated with higher risk for overweight with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.39 (1.20; 1.60) and obesity 1.41 (1.08; 1.83), but not with central obesity. BMI‐GRS was weakly and inversely associated with the changes in BMIz and WHtR in the 4‐year follow‐up. Waist‐to‐hip ratio‐GRS was not related to any obesity measures at baseline nor in the follow‐up. The effect of BMI‐GRS is similar to that of low LTPA on overweight. An interaction between parental language and BMI‐GRS was noted (P = .019): BMI‐GRS associated more strongly with overweight in Swedish than in Finnish speakers. We further identified two suggestive genetic variants near LOC101926977 and LOC105369677 associated with BMIz in preadolescents which were replicated in the adult population. In preadolescents, known genetic predisposing factors induce a risk for overweight comparable to low LTPA. However, the GRS was poor in predicting short‐term changes in BMI or WHtR.
Global Imbalance Adjustment: Stylized Facts, Driving Factors and China's Prospects
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Yao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper summarizes global imbalance adjustment after the GFC and analyzes the evolution of balance of payments using a four‐quadrant diagram. We construct the framework of a stock adjustment mechanism to analyze the main driving factors for the imbalance in surplus/deficit countries and debtors/creditors in an attempt to determine the sustainability of imbalance adjustment. We find that imbalances have been reduced to some extent, but most countries have not achieved rebalance after the global financial crisis. Therefore, we propose an ideal path for global imbalance adjustment and summarize the policy practices of representative countries that have followed this route. Based on our analysis, we suggest that China should learn from the Australian experience and adopt a macro‐prudential assessment policy, actively adjust the domestic economic structure and optimize the structure of balance of payments.
Diving beetle offspring oviposited in amphibian spawn prey on the tadpoles upon hatching
Authors: Gould John , Valdez Jose W. , Clulow John , Clulow Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn highly ephemeral freshwater habitats, predatory vertebrates are typically unable to become established, leaving an open niche often filled by macroinvertebrate predators. However, these predators are faced with the challenge of finding sufficient food sources as the rapid rate of desiccation prevents the establishment of extended food chains and limits the number of prey species present. It could therefore be advantageous for predators to synchronize their phenology with that of their prey within sites of extreme ephemerality. We report the first case of adult diving beetles (Hydaticus parallelus) ovipositing their eggs within spawn of an amphibian species (sandpaper frog,Lechriodus fletcheri). This behavior was found among several pools used byL. fletcherifor reproduction. Beetle eggs oviposited in frog spawn were found to hatch within 24 h of the surroundingL. fletcherieggs, with the larvae becoming voracious consumers of the hatched tadpoles. Although it has yet to be established experimentally whether this is an adaptive behavior, the laying of eggs among potential future tadpole prey in this instance should confer significant fitness benefits for the offspring upon hatching, ensuring that they are provided an immediate source of food at the start of their development and potentially throughout. This oviposition behavior might be common among diving beetles and could form a significant predatory threat for amphibians with a free‐swimming larval stage in ephemeral freshwater habitats.
Imaging biomarkers of posttraumatic epileptogenesis
Authors: Garner Rachael , La Rocca Marianna , Vespa Paul , Jones Nigel , Monti Martin M. , Toga Arthur W. , Duncan Dominique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 2.5 million people annually within the United States alone, with over 300 000 severe injuries resulting in emergency room visits and hospital admissions. Severe TBI can result in long‐term disability. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating consequences of TBI, with an estimated incidence that ranges from 2% to 50% based on severity of injury. Conducting studies of PTE poses many challenges, because many subjects with TBI never develop epilepsy, and it can be more than 10 years after TBI before seizures begin. One of the unmet needs in the study of PTE is an accurate biomarker of epileptogenesis, or a panel of biomarkers, which could provide early insights into which TBI patients are most susceptible to PTE, providing an opportunity for prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy and enabling more efficient large‐scale PTE studies. Several recent reviews have provided a comprehensive overview of this subject (Neurobiol Dis, 123, 2019, 3; Neurotherapeutics, 11, 2014, 231). In this review, we describe acute and chronic imaging methods that detect biomarkers for PTE and potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis. We also describe shortcomings in current acquisition methods, analysis, and interpretation that limit ongoing investigations that may be mitigated with advancements in imaging techniques and analysis.
Non‐verbal mate retention behaviour in women and its relation to couple's relationship adjustment and satisfaction
Authors: Lindová Jitka , Klapilová Kateřina , Johnson Devin , Vobořilová Adéla , Chlápková Barbora , Havlíček Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe function of mate retention strategies is to preserve the bond between romantic partners and to prevent desertion, which is also why such behaviours are often elicited by the presence of a potential rival. Most existing studies on mate retention are based on self‐reports, which are prone to various biases. In this study, we observed non‐verbal behaviour of 47 long‐term romantic heterosexual couples during their interview with a female experimenter, whom the women in the couples may have perceived as a potential rival. We measured non‐verbal displays of mate retention tactics (direct guarding, intimacy inducement, appearance enhancement, and love and care display), as well as relationship maintenance strategies of openness and positivity. We expected that relationship quality as reported by both partners in the couple would be positively associated with ‘benefit‐provisioning’ mate retention behaviours and negatively associated with a ‘cost‐inflicting’ mate retention tactic (direct guarding). Relationship quality was assessed by Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale using both the total score of dyadic adjustment and a Dyadic Satisfaction subscale. We found a significant association between both partners' dyadic adjustment and satisfaction and woman's appearance enhancement behaviours (such as self‐touch, hair flip and primp) in the presence of her partner and a potential rival. We also found a negative association between partner's dyadic adjustment and woman's direct guarding of partner using short looks, and a positive association between woman's intimacy‐inducing behaviour using long gaze and her own dyadic satisfaction and her partner's dyadic adjustment. Our results highlight the specific role of female attractiveness in later stages of romantic relationships within the context of mate retention and draw attention to the significance of the use of observational techniques in addition to self‐reports.
Psychopathic traits of corporate leadership as predictors of future stock returns
Authors: Omar Ayman M. A. , Wisniewski Tomasz Piotr , Yekini Liafisu Sina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether it is possible to forecast 1‐year‐ahead returns of individual companies based on the observed ‘psychopathic’ characteristics of their top management team. We find that language characteristic of psychopaths present in annual report narratives, questionable integrity, excessive risk‐taking, and failure to contribute to charitable undertakings tend to reduce future shareholder wealth. These findings imply that firms could benefit from incorporating psychological evaluation in their recruitment processes, especially when seeking to fill senior management posts. While the return predictability described in this paper supports the upper echelons perspective, it simultaneously challenges the notion of informationally efficient stock prices.
The combined effects of hypoxia and fish kairomones on several physiological and life history traits of Daphnia
Authors: Wilczynski Wojciech , Dynak Przemysław , Babkiewicz Ewa , Bernatowicz Piotr , Leniowski Konrad , Maszczyk Piotr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Numerous studies have tested the combined effect of the threat of predation by fish and low oxygen concentrations on the phenotypic plasticity of Daphnia. These studies assessed the trade‐off between minimising predation risk and the negative effects of oxygen deficiencies in the context of depth selection behaviour. We tested whether this trade‐off also affects physiological and life history traits. We expected an interactive effect between the threat of fish predation and low oxygen concentrations, such, that the net effect of both stressors would be antagonistic (lower than the sum of each of the stressors acting separately), rather than additive (or synergistic) on the majority of traits investigated, but we predicted synergistic effects on heat shock proteins (HSPs).

To test this, we performed life table experiments in different oxygen concentrations (normoxia and hypoxia) and levels of predation threat (the presence and absence of fish kairomones) on HSP70 and putative HSP110, haemoglobin concentration and life history traits with small‐bodied Daphnia galeata and large‐bodied Daphnia pulex originating from waterbodies where there were different risks of fish predation.

As predicted, the net effect of both stressors was antagonistic for most of the physiological and ecological variables studied. The presence of kairomones resulted in decreased body size of adults, egg size, egg size in relation to brood chamber volume, and in increased clutch size in relation to body size. These effects were weaker in hypoxia than in normoxia, which may suggest an existence of adaptive responses caused by a lower perceived risk in hypoxia than in normoxia, as the foraging abilities of fish are limited by oxygen deficiencies.

The presence of kairomones hampered the production of haemoglobin in hypoxia for the clones of larger‐bodied species, which suggests the existence of a trade‐off between reduced visibility under positive‐size selective predation risk and increased efficiency of oxygen transport to body tissues. The presence of kairomones and hypoxia resulted in an increased level of putative HSP110, and the effect of kairomones was stronger in hypoxia than in normoxia. More complex results were obtained for the effect of both stressors on the level of HSP70.

The findings of our study provide a new insight on the interactions between planktivorous fish and zooplankton in aquatic food webs. More specifically, these findings suggest the existence of unexplored size‐dependent eco‐physiological trade‐offs between minimising predation risk and mitigating the negative effects of oxygen deficiencies.
Population change in breeding boreal waterbirds in a 25‐year perspective: What characterises winners and losers?
Authors: Elmberg Johan , Arzel Celine , Gunnarsson Gunnar , Holopainen Sari , Nummi Petri , Pöysä Hannu , Sjöberg Kjell 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Understanding drivers of variation and trends in biodiversity change is a general scientific challenge, but also crucial for conservation and management. Previous research shows that patterns of increase and decrease are not always consistent at different spatial scales, calling for approaches combining the latter. We here explore the idea that functional traits of species may help explaining divergent population trends.

Complementing a previous community level study, we here analyse data about breeding waterbirds on 58 wetlands in boreal Fennoscandia, covering gradients in latitude as well as trophic status. We used linear mixed models to address how change in local abundance over 25 years in 25 waterbird species are associated with life history traits, diet, distribution, breeding phenology, and habitat affinity.

Mean abundance increased in 10 species from 1990/1991 to 2016, whereas it decreased in 15 species. Local population increases were associated with species that are early breeders and have small clutches, an affinity for luxurious wetlands, an herbivorous diet, and a wide breeding range rather than a southern distribution. Local decreases, by contrast, were associated with species having large clutches and invertivorous diet, as well as being late breeders and less confined to luxurious wetlands. The three species occurring on the highest number of wetlands all decreased in mean abundance.

The fact that early breeders have done better than late fits well with previous research about adaptability to climate change, that is, response to earlier springs. We found only limited support for the idea that life history traits are good predictors of wetland level population change. Instead, diet turned out to be a strong candidate for an important driver of population change, as supported by a general decrease of invertivores and a concomitant increase of large herbivores.

In a wider perspective, future research needs to address whether population growth of large‐bodied aquatic herbivores affects abundance of co‐occurring invertivorous species, and if so, if this is due to habitat alteration, or to interference or exploitative competition.
Temperature change as a driver of spatial patterns and long‐term trends in chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) diversity
Authors: Engels Stefan , Medeiros Andrew S. , Axford Yarrow , Brooks Stephen J. , Heiri Oliver , Luoto Tomi P. , Nazarova Larisa , Porinchu David F. , Quinlan Roberto , Self Angela E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have led to a global decline in biodiversity, and monitoring studies indicate that both insect communities and wetland ecosystems are particularly affected. However, there is a need for long‐term data (over centennial or millennial timescales) to better understand natural community dynamics and the processes that govern the observed trends. Chironomids (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) are often the most abundant insects in lake ecosystems, sensitive to environmental change, and, because their larval exoskeleton head capsules preserve well in lake sediments, they provide a unique record of insect community dynamics through time. Here, we provide the results of a metadata analysis of chironomid diversity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, we analyse spatial trends in chironomid diversity using Northern Hemispheric data sets overall consisting of 837 lakes. Our results indicate that in most of our data sets, summer temperature (Tjul) is strongly associated with spatial trends in modern‐day chironomid diversity. We observe a strong increase in chironomid alpha diversity with increasing Tjul in regions with present‐day Tjul between 2.5 and 14°C. In some areas with Tjul > 14°C, chironomid diversity stabilizes or declines. Second, we demonstrate that the direction and amplitude of change in alpha diversity in a compilation of subfossil chironomid records spanning the last glacial–interglacial transition (~15,000–11,000 years ago) are similar to those observed in our modern data. A compilation of Holocene records shows that during phases when the amplitude of temperature change was small, site‐specific factors had a greater influence on the chironomid fauna obscuring the chironomid diversity–temperature relationship. Our results imply expected overall chironomid diversity increases in colder regions such as the Arctic under sustained global warming, but with complex and not necessarily predictable responses for individual sites.
Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Kimball John S. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Wang Wen J. , Madani Nima , Pan Caleb G. , Watts Jennifer D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Sonnentag Oliver , Marsh Philip , Hurkuck Miriam , Helbig Manuel , Quinton William L. , Zona Donatella , Ueyama Masahito , Kobayashi Hideki , Euskirchen Eugénie S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArctic and boreal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget, and whether they act as a future net C sink or source depends on climate and environmental change. Here, we used complementary in situ measurements, model simulations, and satellite observations to investigate the net carbon dioxide (CO2) seasonal cycle and its climatic and environmental controls across Alaska and northwestern Canada during the anomalously warm winter to spring conditions of 2015 and 2016 (relative to 2010–2014). In the warm spring, we found that photosynthesis was enhanced more than respiration, leading to greater CO2 uptake. However, photosynthetic enhancement from spring warming was partially offset by greater ecosystem respiration during the preceding anomalously warm winter, resulting in nearly neutral effects on the annual net CO2 balance. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements showed that air temperature has a primary influence on net CO2 exchange in winter and spring, while soil moisture has a primary control on net CO2 exchange in the fall. The net CO2 exchange was generally more moisture limited in the boreal region than in the Arctic tundra. Our analysis indicates complex seasonal interactions of underlying C cycle processes in response to changing climate and hydrology that may not manifest in changes in net annual CO2 exchange. Therefore, a better understanding of the seasonal response of C cycle processes may provide important insights for predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks and their consequences on atmospheric CO2 dynamics in the northern high latitudes.