bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and thermal‐insulating properties of Ce‐doped ZrO2 hollow fibers derived from a metaplexis template
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Wang Tianchi , Dai Changhao , Li Qi , Li Yicong , Kong Jian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZrO2 is an attractive thermal‐insulating material for high‐temperature applications owing to its low heat conductivity and corrosion resistance. The seed hair in metaplexis is a natural fiber with a hollow structure that endows it with outstanding thermal‐insulating properties. In this paper, we describe a procedure for preparing CeO2‐stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 hollow fibers obtained by imitating a metaplexis template. The metaplexis fibers were first immersed in a mixed solution of ZrOCl2 and Ce(NO3)3 to prepare the precursor fibers. The fibers thus produced were subsequently dried in vacuum and sintered under the standard atmospheric pressure in aerobic atmosphere at temperature values of 900, 1100, and 1300°C. The microstructures, phase composition, pore size distribution, and thermal conductivities of the fibers were investigated. Results showed that the Ce‐stabilized ZrO2 fiber inherited the hollow structure of the metaplexis, consequently exerting a significant effect on its thermal‐insulating properties. Compared to conventional ZrO2 fibers, the thermal conductivities of Ce‐stabilized ZrO2 fibers can decrease by approximately 12%‐24.3%.
Multisubstituted hydroxyapatite powders and coatings: The influence of the codoping on the hydroxyapatite performances
Authors: Cacciotti Ilaria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe biological apatite, whose the bone and teeth mineral phases are composed, remarkably differs from stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca/P = 1.667). Indeed, it consists in carbonated Ca‐deficient (Ca/P < 1.667) apatite, characterised by the presence of several vicarious ions, either incorporated within the apatite lattice or just adsorbed on the crystal surface, including anionic (eg, F−, Cl−, and ) and/or cationic substitutions (eg, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Al3+). For this reason, recently, a continuous and rising attention has been devoted to the ionic substitutions within the hydroxyapatite lattice in order to resemble the chemical composition of the bone mineral component and to improve its chemical, physical and mostly biological properties, for applications in biomedical sector, particularly in dentistry, orthopaedics and bone tissue engineering. The present manuscript provides a complete overview about the bi‐substituted hydroxyapatites in form of powders and coatings, in order to evidence the effect of the co‐doping with different vicarious ions within HAp lattice on its physicochemical properties, such as microstructure, morphology, thermal stability, solubility, thermal decomposition, dissolution, grain size, mechanical strength, degradation kinetics, corrosion resistance, and biological responsiveness, in terms of in vitro bioactivity, cytotoxicity and antibacterial action.
Anthocyanin composition and storage degradation kinetics of anthocyanins‐based natural food colourant from purple‐fleshed sweet potato
Authors: Quan Wei , He Wei , Lu Mei , Yuan Bo , Zeng Maomao , Gao Daming , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , He Zhiyong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA natural colourant derived from purple‐fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) by ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction was examined in terms of its anthocyanins and 6‐month storage stability under different conditions: avoid from light at 25 (AL25) and 37 °C (AL37) and under fluorescent light at 25 °C (FL25). This PFSP colourant mainly contained the following peonidin anthocyanins: peonidin 3‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside, peonidin 3‐feruloyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside, peonidin 3‐caffeoyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside, peonidin dicaffeoyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside, peonidin 3‐caffeoyl‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside and peonidin caffeoyl‐feruloyl sophoroside‐5‐glucoside. The degradation ratios of PFSP anthocyanins (PFSPAs) under AL25, AL37 and FL25 were around 50.7%, 89.0% and 87.0% respectively. The FL25 and AL37 conditions had similar effects on the colourant's total colour change (ΔEab). The degradation kinetics followed the zero‐order reaction models. The PFSPAs were more stable during storage than other anthocyanins because they mainly consist of di‐acylated and double glycosylated forms of peonidin derivatives. These results may promote the application of PFSPAs as a novel natural colourant in food industry.
The effect of nursing care delivery models on quality and safety outcomes of care: A cross‐sectional survey study of medical‐surgical nurses
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura , Dahinten V. Susan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsThis study examined the effect of two components of a model of nursing care delivery, the mode of nursing care delivery, and skill‐mix on: (a) quality of nursing care; and (b) patient adverse events, after controlling for nurse demographics, work environment, and workload factors.DesignA cross‐sectional exploratory correlational study that drew on secondary data was conducted.MethodsSurvey data from 416 direct care registered nurses from medical‐surgical settings across British Columbia were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression. Larger study data were collected in 2015.ResultsNurses working in a team‐based mode reported a greater number of nursing tasks left undone compared with those working in a total patient care. Nurses working in a skill‐mix with licensed practical nurses reported a higher frequency of patient adverse events compared with those working in a skill‐mix without licensed practical nurses. At higher levels of acuity, nurses in a team‐based mode reported a higher frequency of patient adverse events than did nurses in a total patient care.ConclusionModels of nursing care delivery components, mode and skill‐mix, influenced quality and safety outcomes. Some of the team‐based medical‐surgical nurses in British Columbia are not functioning as effective teams. Team building strategies should be used to enhance collaboration among them.ImpactResearch into redesigning care delivery has typically focused on only one care delivery component at a time. The study findings could have implications for nurses and patients, nursing leadership and policymakers particularly in medical‐surgical settings in British Columbia.
Radiofrequency ablation lesion assessment using optical coherence tomography – a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Liang Deming , Taeschler Dominik , Goepfert Christine , Arnold Patrik , Zurbuchen Adrian , Sweda Romy , Reichlin Tobias , Tanner Hildegard , Roten Laurent , Haeberlin Andreas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. However, ablation lesions are usually only assessed functionally. The immediate effect of RFA on the tissue is not directly visualized. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses light to capture high‐resolution images with histology‐like quality. Therefore, it might be used for high‐precision imaging of ablation lesions.Methods and resultsRadiofrequency ablation lesions (n = 25) were produced on the freshly excised left and right ventricular porcine endocardium. A Thermocool ST SF NAV ablation catheter (Biosense Webster Inc) and an EP‐Shuttle ablation generator (Stockert GmbH) were used to produce ablation lesions with powers from 10 to 40 W (energies ranging from 100 Ws to 900 Ws). After ablation, the tissue was imaged with a swept source OCT system (at a wavelength of 1300 nm). Subsequently, the ablation lesions underwent the histological analysis. The ablation lesions could be visualized by OCT in all 17 samples with ablation powers ≥20 W, meanwhile, no lesion could be observed in the other eight samples with lower power (10 W). Lesion depths and lesion radiuses, as assessed by OCT, correlated well with those observed on the subsequent histological analysis (Spearman's r = 0.94, P < 0.001 and r = 0.84, P < 0.001). In addition, successful three‐dimensional reconstructions of ablation lesions were performed.ConclusionOCT can provide a visual high‐resolution assessment of ablation lesions.
A preliminary study on prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether serum concentrations and intrinsic functional network organization and executive functioning in childhood
Authors: de Water Erik , Curtin Paul , Zilverstand Anna , Sjödin Andreas , Bonilla Anny , Herbstman Julie B. , Ramirez Judyth , Margolis Amy E. , Bansal Ravi , Whyatt Robin M. , Peterson Bradley S. , Factor‐Litvak Pam , Horton Megan K. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe prenatal period is a period of vulnerability during which neurotoxic exposures exert persistent changes in brain development and behavior. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in commercial products, are known to be developmental neurotoxicants. PBDEs were phased out of use in the United States a decade ago, but exposure remains widespread due to their release from existing products and biopersistence. Despite consistent animal and epidemiological evidence of developmental neurotoxicity, the neural substrates linking prenatal PBDE serum concentrations to impaired neurodevelopment are poorly understood.MethodsIn the present study, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine associations between prenatal PBDE concentrations measured in maternal serum and intrinsic functional network organization (i.e., global and local efficiency; estimated using a graph‐theoretical approach) in 5‐year‐old children (n = 34). We explored whether PBDE serum concentrations were associated with executive functioning (EF) assessed using a parent‐report questionnaire (BRIEF‐P) (n = 106) and whether changes in intrinsic functional network organization linked the association between prenatal PBDE serum concentrations and EF problems.ResultsChildren with higher prenatal PBDE serum concentrations showed: (a) increased global efficiency of brain areas involved in visual attention (e.g., inferior occipital gyrus) (β's = .01, FDR‐corrected p's ≤ .05); (b) more reported EF problems (β's = .001, FDR‐corrected p's ≤ .05). Higher global efficiency of brain areas involved in visual attention was associated with more EF problems (β's = .01, FDR‐corrected p's < .05).ConclusionsIntrinsic functional network organization of visual attention brain areas linked prenatal PBDE concentrations to EF problems in childhood. Visual attention may contribute to the development of higher‐order cognitive functions, such as EF, which could be explored in future studies.
Healthcare and Financial Decision Making and Incident Adverse Cognitive Outcomes among Older Adults
Authors: Stewart Christopher C. , Yu Lei , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESTo determine if poorer healthcare and financial decision making forecasts adverse cognitive outcomes in old age. Specifically, we hypothesized that poorer decision making would be associated with an increased risk of incident Alzheimer's dementia, an increased risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and a more rapid decline in cognition.DESIGNAn ongoing prospective observational cohort study of aging (the Rush Memory and Aging Project).SETTINGThe greater Chicago area.PARTICIPANTSA total of 952 community‐based older adults without dementia at baseline.MEASUREMENTSParticipants completed a measure of healthcare and financial decision making at baseline and underwent annual standardized evaluations to track clinical status and cognitive functions (global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability).RESULTSDuring up to 9 years of follow‐up (M = 5.2 y; standard deviation = 2.7), 156 participants developed Alzheimer's dementia (16.4% of 952), 253 participants developed MCI (33.2% of 760), and each cognitive measure declined (all Ps < .001). In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and education, poorer decision making was associated with an increased risk of incident Alzheimer's dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10‐1.24; P < .001) and incident MCI (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.10‐1.22; P < .001). Further, in linear mixed‐effects models, poorer decision making among those who were initially free of cognitive impairment was associated with a more rapid decline in global cognition and four of five specific cognitive domains (all Ps < .05).CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that poorer healthcare and financial decision making heralds adverse cognitive outcomes in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1590–1595, 2019.
Neurovascular structures of the ligament of the head of femur
Authors: Perumal Vivek , Woodley Stephanie J. , Nicholson Helen D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ligament of the head of femur (LHF), or ligamentum teres, is believed to provide blood supply to the head of femur and mechanical stability to the hip joint. But these functions in the adult are often debated. The existence and distribution of neurovascular structures within the ligament are not widely documented. This study examined the blood vessels and nervous tissue within the LHF to determine whether the ligament may have a vascular and proprioceptive function at the hip joint. Histological sections from the LHF from 10 embalmed hips (six female, four male; mean age 80.4 ± 8.7 years) were cut at three levels: the foveal attachment, mid‐length and its base where it attaches to the transverse acetabular ligament. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to study general tissue architecture or with von Willebrand factor and neurofilament to identify blood vessels and nervous tissue, respectively. The proportion of the ligament's cross‐sectional area occupied by blood vessels was expressed as a vascularity index (VI). Nerve endings within the ligament were identified and morphologically classified. Comparisons between the VI at the three levels, or between the tissue layers of the ligament, were made using 95% confidence intervals; statistical significance was set P < 0.05. The ligament tissue comprised three distinct layers: a synovial lining with cuboidal cells, a sub‐synovial zone formed of loose connective tissue and the ligament proper composed of dense collagen bundles. Patent blood vessels and nerve fibres were present both in the sub‐synovial zone and the ligament proper; Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings were found scattered only in the sub‐synovial zone. The VI of the ligament proper at the fovea was significantly higher than its middle (P = 0.01) and basal levels (P = 0.04); it was also higher than that of the sub‐synovial layer (P = 0.04). The LHF has three histologically distinct zones, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed both in the sub‐synovial layer and ligament proper. Higher vascularity within the ligament proper at its foveal insertion suggests a possible nutritive role of the LHF to the adult head of femur. The presence of nerves and nerve receptors indicates the ligament is involved in the perception of pain and proprioception, thereby contributing to mechanical stability of the joint.
Nematode ascaroside enhances resistance in a broad spectrum of plant–pathogen systems
Authors: Klessig Daniel F. , Manohar Murli , Baby Shine , Koch Aline , Danquah Wiseborn B. , Luna Emily , Park Hee‐Jin , Kolkman Judith M. , Turgeon B. Gillian , Nelson Rebecca , Leach Jan E. , Williamson Valerie M. , Kogel Karl‐Heinz , Kachroo Aardra , Schroeder Frank C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecognition of specific molecule signatures of microbes, including pathogens, induces innate immune responses in plants, as well as in animals. Analogously, a nematode pheromone, the ascaroside ascr#18, induces hallmark plant defences including activation of (a) mitogen‐activated protein kinases, (b) salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐mediated defence signalling pathways and (c) defence gene expression and provides protection to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Ascr#18 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of nematode signalling molecules and is the major ascaroside secreted by plant–parasitic nematodes. Here, we report the effects of ascr#18 on resistance in four of the major economically important crops: maize, rice, wheat and soybean to some of their associated pathogens. Treatment with low nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations of ascr#18 provided from partial to strong protection in seven of eight plant–pathogen systems tested with viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes. This research may have potential to improve agricultural sustainability by reducing use of potentially harmful agrochemicals and enhance food security worldwide.
Breastfeeding rates in immigrant and non‐immigrant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Shiri Rahman , Brown Hilary K. , Santos Hudson P. , Schmied Virginia , Falah‐Hassani Kobra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBreastfeeding benefits mothers and infants. Although immigration in many regions has increased in the last three decades, it is unknown whether immigrant women have better breastfeeding outcomes than non‐immigrants. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether breastfeeding rates differ between immigrant and non‐immigrant women. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Google Scholar, 1950 to 2016. We included peer‐reviewed cross‐sectional and cohort studies of women aged ≥16 years that assessed and compared breastfeeding rates in immigrant and non‐immigrant women. Two independent reviewers extracted data using predefined standard procedures. The analysis included 29 studies representing 1,539,659 women from 14 countries. Immigrant women were more likely than non‐immigrants to initiate any (exclusive or partial) breastfeeding (pooled adjusted prevalence ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.19; 11 studies). Exclusive breastfeeding initiation was higher but borderline significant (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.45; 5 studies, p = 0.056). Immigrant women were more likely than non‐immigrants to continue any breastfeeding between 12‐ and 24‐week postpartum (pooled adjusted risk ratio 2.04, 95% CI 1.79–2.32; 3 studies) and > 24 weeks (adjusted risk ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.73; 6 studies) but not exclusive breastfeeding. Immigrant women are more likely than non‐immigrants to initiate and maintain any breastfeeding, but exclusive breastfeeding remains a challenge for both immigrants and non‐immigrants. Social and cultural factors need to be considered to understand the extent to which immigrant status is an independent predictor of positive breastfeeding practices.
Island woodiness underpins accelerated disparification in plant radiations
Authors: Nürk Nicolai M. , Atchison Guy W. , Hughes Colin E. 
Published: March 2019

Summary

The evolution of secondary (insular) woodiness and the rapid disparification of plant growth forms associated with island radiations show intriguing parallels between oceanic islands and tropical alpine sky islands. However, the evolutionary significance of these phenomena remains poorly understood and the focus of debate.

We explore the evolutionary dynamics of species diversification and trait disparification across evolutionary radiations in contrasting island systems compared with their nonisland relatives. We estimate rates of species diversification, growth form evolution and phenotypic space saturation for the classical oceanic island plant radiations – the Hawaiian silverswords and Macaronesian Echium – and the well‐studied sky island radiations of Lupinus and Hypericum in the Andes.

We show that secondary woodiness is associated with dispersal to islands and with accelerated rates of species diversification, accelerated disparification of plant growth forms and occupancy of greater phenotypic trait space for island clades than their nonisland relatives, on both oceanic and sky islands.

We conclude that secondary woodiness is a prerequisite that could act as a key innovation, manifest as the potential to occupy greater trait space, for plant radiations on island systems in general, further emphasizing the importance of combinations of clade‐specific traits and ecological opportunities in driving adaptive radiations.
Comparison of automatic visual attention in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression: Evidence from P1 event‐related component
Authors: Spironelli Chiara , Romeo Zaira , Maffei Antonio , Angrilli Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

AimThe ability to discern commonalities and differences in the neurobiology of functional psychoses represents a key element to unmasking shared vulnerability across different psychiatric conditions. The present study sought to compare the automatic visual attention mechanisms in three psychiatric disorders considered to distribute along the continuum of psychosis severity: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). To this end, the visual P1 event‐related potential component, a cortical correlate of automatic visual attention, was measured during an ecological task based on visual word pair presentation.MethodsFour samples of participants, 18 SCZ, 20 BD, 28 MDD, and 30 healthy controls, were recruited and submitted to the same procedure and stimuli. The P1 evoked by visual word presentation was recorded through a 38‐electrode electroencephalography cap. Words were presented on a computer screen serially as pairs, and participants had to decide whether they rhymed or not.ResultsP1 was larger at posterior sites in SCZ compared with BD, healthy control, and MDD participants. BD patients showed the lowest P1 compared with all other groups. Positive Pearson's correlations were found in SCZ patients between P1 amplitude on left posterior sites and both hallucination severity and worse task performance.ConclusionThe three investigated psychiatric samples showed different automatic visual attention patterns: SCZ patients exhibited the greatest cognitive impairment correlated with the amplitude of P1, MDD patients revealed a normal component, and BD showed a compensated euthymic response different from results of past literature in untreated patients.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 0.1% adapalene gel and 0.025% tretinoin cream in the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Treesirichod Arucha , Chaithirayanon Suthida , Wongjitrat Nattakarn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few published randomized controlled trials for the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans (AN) to date.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of topical 0.1% adapalene gel compared to 0.025% tretinoin cream in the treatment of childhood AN.MethodsAn 8‐week, randomized, split‐neck, comparative study between topical 0.1% adapalene gel and 0.025% tretinoin cream for the treatment of neck hyperpigmentation associated with AN was performed. M index measured by a narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer and both investigator's global evaluation (IGE) and parent's global evaluation (PGE) scales were used to evaluate efficacy.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between 0.1% adapalene gel and 0.025% tretinoin cream in the treatment of AN‐associated hyperpigmentation (P = 0.56). Mean differences in M indices between week 0 and week 8 of 0.1% adapalene and 0.025% tretinoin treatment were 24.2 ± 7.9% and 23.8 ± 8.3% improvement, respectively. Regarding treatment efficacy, 90.0% and 85.0% of participants had more than 75% improvement in IGE in 0.1% adapalene and 0.025% tretinoin treatment sides, respectively. In addition, 75.0% and 65.0% of participants had more than 75.0% improvement in PGE in 0.1% adapalene and 0.025% tretinoin treatment sides, respectively.LimitationsLack of histopathological evaluations.ConclusionsWe found no significant difference between topical 0.1% adapalene gel and 0.025% tretinoin in the treatment of AN.