bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wenn alles neu und herausfordernd ist
Authors: Opalka Markus 
Published: December 2024

SummaryNeugeborene befinden sich in einer intensiven Entwicklungsphase mit kognitiven und neuronalen Anpassungen, die jedes Kind selbst regulieren muss. Der Omega-3-Spiegel, die Darmflora, die Schlafposition des Babys – eine genaue Betrachtung dieser 3 Faktoren hat sich in der Praxis bei Problemen bewährt. Gezielte Unterstützungsmaßnahmen fördern die Fähigkeit zur Selbstregulation und schaffen gute Startbedingungen für ein gesundes Leben.
Vom Vibrationstrauma zur pharyngealen Muskelinstabilität – Ein sich selbst unterhaltender pathophysiologischer Prozess (Circulus vitiosus) bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA)
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Viniol Christian , Hildebrandt Wulf , Conradt Regina , Birk Richard , Stuck Boris , Sambale Janine , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Pharynxstabilität wird sowohl durch anatomische als auch nicht-anatomische Faktoren gewährleistet. Neben der anatomischen Weite sind auch funktionelle Faktoren für den Obstruktionsgrad des oberen Atemwegs bedeutsam. Die Funktionsfähigkeit der pharyngealen Muskeln ist von einer ungestörten Sensomotorik abhängig. Bei Patienten mit Rhonchopathie bzw. obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) verändern sich Sensomotorik und Muskelmorphologie in zunehmendem Ausmaß. Es ist zu mutmaßen, dass langjähriges Schnarchen zu einer vibrationsbedingten sensomotorischen Neuropathie mit Verlust der Funktion und Struktur der pharyngealen Muskulatur führt. Pharyngeale Mechanorezeptoren verlieren ihre Empfindlichkeit und die Informationen können aufgrund eines neuronalen Schadens nicht mehr adäquat motorisch umgesetzt werden. Es stellt sich die Frage, nach welchem Zeitraum es zu einem irreversiblen vibrationsbedingten Rezeptorschaden durch Schnarchen kommt.
Incisionless Otoplasty: Current State of the Art
Authors: Madsen Buba Cibele , Gantous Andres 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProminent ears, also known as prominauris, inflict psychological distress and suffering on both children and adults. Otoplasty has become one of the most common aesthetic operations due to its high prevalence and significant impact on patients. Various surgical techniques for otoplasty have been documented and developed over time. While complications are rare, open and cartilage-resection techniques may result in hemorrhage, hematomas, contour deformities, hypertrophic scarring, and keloid formation. Incisionless otoplasty has been demonstrated in the literature to be an effective method, when correctly indicated, to correct prominauris with a shorter recovery time and reduced morbidity. A thorough preoperative evaluation, awareness of the different techniques, and assessment of their appropriate application minimize potential risks and unpleasant results.
Mitochondriale Dysfunktion – Treiber der Seneszenz und chronischer
Erkrankungen
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie mitochondriale Dysfunktion ist charakterisiert durch eine Dysbalance zwischen
ATP-Synthese, also Energieproduktion, einerseits und ROS(Reactive Oxygen
Species)-Bildung, also oxidativer Belastung, andererseits. Die Ursachen dafür
sind vielfältig und reichen von angeborenen Störungen, z. B. bei den
Enzymkomplexen der ETK (Elektronentransportkette) wie beim Down-Syndrom bis zu
neurotoxischen Schädigungen z. B. durch Quecksilber. Es resultiert ein
Energiedefizit und/oder eine erhöhte oxidative Belastung in dem betroffenen
Gewebe mit vielfältigen Folgeerscheinungen. Die durch mitochondriale Dysfunktion
ausgelösten Gesundheitsstörungen reichen dabei von A wie Arteriosklerose bis Z
wie zerebrale Insuffizienz.
Trieb mit Bedeutung – Überlegungen im Anschluss an die Sigusch-Schmidt-Kontroverse
Authors: Lahl Aaron 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Trieb gehört zu den provokantesten und umstrittensten Annahmen der Psychoanalyse. Im deutschsprachigen sexualwissenschaftlichen Diskurs stehen Gunter Schmidt mit seiner kritischen Historisierung des Triebkonzepts und Volkmar Sigusch mit seinem „Lob des Triebes“ exemplarisch für zwei widerstreitende Positionen zum Triebkonzept.
Forschungsziele Der Beitrag möchte die seit Mitte der 1970er-Jahre und bis in die jüngere Vergangenheit geführte Debatte zwischen Schmidt und Sigusch rekonstruieren und dabei konzeptuelle Unklarheiten und Missverständnisse auf beiden Seiten herausarbeiten. Letztlich geht es dabei um das fragliche gesellschaftskritische Potenzial des Triebbegriffs.
Methoden Es wird zwischen einer psychologisch-konzeptuellen und einer zeitdiagnostischen Ebene in der Debatte differenziert und es werden zentrale Argumente Schmidts und Siguschs auf diesen Ebenen herausgearbeitet. Zur Frage der von Sigusch und Schmidt nur ungenügend theoretisierten Dialektik von Sexuellem und Nicht-Sexuellem wird Jean Laplanches „ Allgemeine Verführungstheorie“ in die Debatte eingebracht.
Ergebnisse Schmidt kritisiert ein vereinfachtes Konzept des Triebes, wenn er einen Gegensatz von Trieb und Bedeutung behauptet. Seine Kritikpunkte laufen gegen einen dialektischen Triebbegriff im Anschluss an Sigusch und Laplanche ins Leere. Die zeitdiagnostischen Differenzen zwischen den liberal-optimistischen Einschätzungen Schmidts und den pessimistischen Urteilen Siguschs lassen sich als Konsequenzen aus der ursprünglich differenten Konzeption sexueller Motivation verstehen. Beide Diagnosen werden als vereinfacht problematisiert.
Schlussfolgerung Der Artikel schließt mit einem Plädoyer für den Trieb als Grundbegriff einer kritischen Sexualwissenschaft, in dessen Konzeption theoretische Impulse sowohl von Schmidt als auch Sigusch aufgenommen werden.
Association between Slow and Rapid Weight Gain before 36 Weeks of Corrected Age and 6-Year-Developmental Quotient in Infants Born at <26 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Hotta Masashi , Hirata Katsuya , Hirano Shinya , Wada Kazuko 
Published: December 2024

Objective The postnatal growth of preterm infants is influenced by various factors; however, the association between growth and long-term outcomes in extremely preterm infants remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between 6-year development and body weight (BW) at 36 weeks of corrected age (CA) in extremely preterm infants.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective observational study including extremely preterm infants born at < 26 weeks of gestation. We defined the key standard deviation score (SDS) using BW at birth and evaluated the association between BW-related values at 36 weeks of CA and the 6-year developmental quotient (DQ).
Results This study included 90 infants. The absolute difference between changes in the BW SDS from birth and the median changes in DQ ≥ 85 infants was significantly greater in infants with a DQ < 85 than ≥85 (median [interquartile range]: 0.80 [0.29, 1.31] vs. 0.34 [0.13, 0.55]; p = 0.001). After adjustment by the logistic regression analysis for DQ < 85, the absolute difference was statistically significant (odds ratio: 4.99, 95% confidence interval: 1.71–14.5). The correlation coefficient between the absolute difference and DQ was −0.35 (p < 0.001). There were no significant associations between a DQ < 85 and SDS or changes in SDS from birth.
Conclusion For infants born at <26 weeks of gestation, slow and rapid weight gain were associated with a low 6-year DQ when using values representing individual body sizes at birth. Individual backgrounds should be considered to avoid both slow and rapid weight gain for the growth management of these infants for at least up to 36 weeks of CA. Further research is needed to determine which body size has a positive impact on the long-term outcomes of infants.
Key Points
Simplifying Management of Cholestasis: A Proposal for a Classification System
Authors: Sarker Minhazur , Ramos Gladys A. , Ferrara Lauren , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia 
Published: December 2024

Given the stillbirth risk associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, management to reduce this adverse outcome has primarily involved planned delivery as early as 36 weeks gestation. While earlier planned delivery has decreased the incidence of stillbirth in this population, recently, there have been multiple published retrospective studies to better correlate the association of adverse outcomes with cholestasis severity. Despite these new data, the uptake of individualized management for cholestasis has been varied from provider to provider. In this opinion, we briefly review the current literature and evidence regarding cholestasis and adverse outcomes and propose a cholestasis classification system with subsequent algorithms for management.
Key Points
Derivation and Validation of Prediction of Preterm Preeclampsia Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Martins Juliana G. , Diab Yara H. , Nehme Lea , Saade George 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models for predicting preterm preeclampsia using the information available before 23 weeks gestation.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) cohort. We considered 131 features available before 23 weeks including maternal demographics, obstetrics and family history, social determinants of health, physical activity, nutrition, and early second-trimester ultrasound. Our primary outcome was preterm preeclampsia before 37 weeks. The dataset was randomly split into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). ML models using glmnet, multilayer perceptron, random forest, XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting), and LightGBM models were developed. Using the ML approach that achieved the best area under the curve (AUC), we developed the final model. Further feature selection was conducted from the top 25 important features based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. The performance of the final model was assessed using the validation dataset.
Results Of 9,467 individuals, 219 (2.3%) had preterm preeclampsia. The AUC of the XGBoost model was the highest (AUC = 0.749 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.736–0.762]) compared with other models. Therefore, XGBoost was used to develop models using fewer variables. The XGBoost model with the eight features (in order of importance: mean uterine artery pulsatility index in the early second trimester, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, uterine artery notch, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the first trimester, body mass index, and maternal age) was chosen as the final model as it had an AUC of 0.741 (95% CI, 0.730–0.752) which was not inferior to the original model (p = 0.58). The final model in the validation dataset had an AUC of 0.779 (95% CI, 0.722–0.831). An online application of the final model was developed (
https://kawakita.shinyapps.io/Preterm_preeclampsia/
).
Conclusion ML algorithms using information available before 23 weeks can accurately predict preterm preeclampsia before 37 weeks.
Key Points
A Child with Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Short Stature with Chromosome 2 Deletion of 2q35-36.1: A Case Report and Literature Review of Haploinsufficiency of Epha4 Gene
Authors: Sun Jun , Xiao Ya , Jiang Shu-qin , Wang Yi-fan , Zhang Hong-ru , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon-growth hormone-deficient short stature is a group of growth developmental disorders with complex pathophysiological mechanisms involving multiple pathways, including abnormalities in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 signal pathway. We report a 4-year-old girl with severe growth and developmental delay: her height was 91 cm (<–3 standard deviation [SD]), and her growth rate was 3 to 4 cm/year (<–2 SD). Growth hormone stimulation tests indicated a normal peak growth hormone level (11.1 μg/L), while insulin-like growth factor-1 levels were reduced (7.98 nmol/L, <–1SD). Whole exome sequencing and copy number variation analysis revealed a 3.19 Mb deletion at 2q35-q36.1 on chromosome 2, encompassing all coding regions of the Epha4 gene. This study suggests an association between Epha4 gene deletion and non-growth hormone-deficient short stature, highlighting the importance of further research on this gene and its related signaling pathways to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease and potential therapeutic approaches.
Recasting the wobbling-in-a-cone model for the rotational anisotropy of phenylselenocyanate in poly(methyl methacrylate): Effect of internal bond rotation and polymer segmental motion
Authors: Palchowdhury Sourav , Mondal Saptarsi , Kwak Kyungwon , Cho Minhaeng 
Published: December 2024

The rotational anisotropy of a molecule in a constrained environment is modeled by wobbling-in-a-cone (WIAC) motion, which describes the angular space sampled by the molecule. Recent polarization-selective IR pump–probe measurements have applied this model to phenylselenocyanate in amorphous polymers, aiming to probe the surrounding free volume. A faster rotational timescale was hypothesized to reflect the angular space within the static voids of the polymer matrix, while a slower timescale relates to constraint release by the polymer backbones. To better quantify the contributions of internal bond rotation and polymer segmental motion, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations on two phenylselenocyanate variants with different internal rotational barriers, as well as on p-chlorobenzonitrile, which lacks such internal rotational freedom, within a polymer matrix. Our analyses reveal that the faster (∼10 ps) component of the cyano group’s anisotropy decay arises from concurrent angular sampling due to internal bond rotation and WIAC motion. Conversely, polymer segmental motion was found to have a minimal influence on the slow (∼200 ps) anisotropy component. Based on these findings, we refine the WIAC model to better link rotational diffusion with the distinct free volume elements accessed by the probe molecule. This revised model allows the quantification of free volume elements associated with both internal bond rotation and wobbling motion within the polymer cage.
Non-local structured adaptive dictionary learning method for seismic waveform inversion
Authors: Qi Hongyu , Fu Zhenwu , Li Yang , Han Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique used to estimate subsurface model parameters by minimizing the difference between observed and calculated seismic data. Sparsity-promoting regularization are useful tools for traditional FWI methods to tackle complex subsurface structures. Since the traditional regularization techniques can only impose some fixed priors, it is necessary to develop a regularization strategy to obtain more flexible priors. In this way, we develop a structural sparse representation method that exploits the non-local self-similarity prior of the model, which is achieved by grouping similar patches using graph matching operators and a dynamic group selection strategy. A group-based dictionary is trained with the aim of providing the best sparse representation of complex features and variations in the entire model perturbation. The dynamic selection strategy of the training method can balance computational efficiency and inversion accuracy by constantly updating and retaining groups during the processing. In addition, two loop algorithm framework is utilized to enhance the robustness and the efficiency of the proposed method. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the total variation regularization method and the adaptive dictionary learning with non-local self-similarity in terms of robustness and resolution. This structural sparsity-promoting regularization is incorporated into the FWI problem through a two-loop algorithm framework, enhancing the robustness and efficiency of FWI results.
Boron modification of AuRh mesoporous nanotubes for electro-reduction of nitrogen to ammonia
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Song Jiale , Li Xinmiao , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Wang Hongjing , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a prospective tactics for ammonia synthesis. However, the development of highly active NRR electrocatalysts is still challenging owing to the difficult activation of nitrogen and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we synthesized boron-doped AuRh mesoporous nanotubes (B-AuRh MNTs) via dual-template method coupled with boron doping. The mesoporous nanotube structure has high specific surface area and excellent surface permeability. Thereby, the B-AuRh MNTs exhibit NH3 yield of 13.3 μg h−1 mg−1
cat and Faraday efficiency of 22.5% under 0.1 M Na2SO4. The doping of boron with weak hydrogen adsorption can generate electronic effect, thus stimulating the activation of N2 molecules and effectively inhibiting HER. This study proposes a universal method for the preparation of boron-doped Au-based catalysts, which is beneficial to improve the NRR performance.
E-beam fluorinated CVD graphene: in-situ XPS study on stability and NH3 adsorption doping effect
Authors: Malesys V , Duan T , Denys E , Li Hu , Leifer K , Simon L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Graphene exhibits promise in gas detection applications despite its limited selectivity. Functionalization with fluorine atoms offers a potential solution to enhance selectivity, particularly towards ammonia (NH+) molecules. This article presents a study on electron-beam fluorinated graphene (FG) and its integration into gas sensor platforms. We begin by characterizing the thermal stability of fluorographene, demonstrating its resilience up to 450 °C. Subsequently, we investigate the nature of NH3 interaction with FG, exploring distinct adsorption energies to address preferential adsorption concerns. Notably, we introduce an innovative approach utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy cartography for simultaneous analysis of fluorinated and pristine graphene, offering enhanced insights into their properties and interactions. This study contributes to advancing the understanding and application of FG in gas sensing technologies.
Theory-based integrated modelling of tungsten transport in ITER plasmas
Authors: Fajardo D , Angioni C , Kim S H , Koechl F , Fable E , Loarte A , Polevoi A , Tardini G ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A wide variety of ITER plasmas are investigated using a recently-developed integrated modelling framework, with particular emphasis on the transport and effects of tungsten (W) motivated by ITER’s new full-W walls. This workflow is entirely based on theoretical transport models and it has been recently validated against experimental data. Simulations in L-mode and H-mode are performed at different plasma currents and heating powers to assess the maximum W concentrations that allow access and sustainment of H-mode operation, as well as dynamical simulations of the ramp-up, from the limiter to the diverted phase, finding maximum tolerable W concentrations to avoid a radiative collapse of the plasma. A simple physical parameter is shown to order the ratio of W neoclassical to turbulent transport magnitudes for all considered ITER plasmas as well as previously simulated ASDEX Upgrade experiments.
Anisotropic in-plane field angle dependence of critical current in commercial REBCO tapes and its impact on toroidal field magnet for compact tokamak fusion device
Authors: Zhou Benzhe , Zhang Zili , Liu Quanyue , Zhang Xiaolong , Strickland Nicholas , Suo Hongli , Wang Lei , Liu Jianhua , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The critical current (I
c) of commercial rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes is generally assumed to exhibit isotropic behavior with respect to the magnetic field angle applied within the tape’s basal plane (in-plane). This paper investigates the field angle dependence of critical current, both in-plane and out-of-plane, for commercial REBCO tapes manufactured by SuperOX, under fields ranging from 0 T to 8 T at 20 K. Remarkably, the in-plane field angle dependence of I
c shows significant anisotropy, with the minimum I
c no longer occurring at the traditional 90° (parallel to the ab-plane), but instead shifting to approximately 130°, a phenomenon reported for the first time. This novel anisotropic in-plane field angle dependence of I
c can substantially affect the performance of toroidal field magnets for compact tokamak fusion devices. Simulations indicate that considering versus neglecting the anisotropic in-plane field angle dependence of I
c can lead to I
c variations of up to 19.58% within the D-shaped coils of the toroidal field magnets. The locations of maximum deviation vary across different double-pancake coils within the D-shaped winding packs. This study highlights the complexity of I
c distribution in toroidal field magnets for compact fusion applications, urging further consideration of anisotropic in-plane field angle dependence of I
c of commercial REBCO tapes in fusion magnet design.
Physics-driven lumped-element modelling for impedance simulations of superconducting accelerator magnets
Authors: Janitschke M , Bednarek M , Ravaioli E , Verweij A P , Willering G , van Rienen U 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Superconducting magnets in particle accelerators are subject to various forces, radiation, high voltages, or thermal gradients. These can cause failures such as inter-turn shorts, which can be very challenging to detect after the magnets are installed in the accelerator. Measurements in the time- and frequency domain can pinpoint outlier magnets or precursors of such failures. Interpretable, physics-driven simulations can facilitate this by studying if manufacturing tolerances cause the observed behaviour or if it can be correctly classified as an outlier. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to simulate superconducting accelerator magnets’ impedances. The physics-driven model includes various coupled, non-linear effects in the superconductors, such as superconducting filament magnetisation, inter-filament and inter-strand coupling currents, eddy currents in the strands’ copper and various magnet components, and stray capacitances. The model is validated against a wide range of available time- and frequency-domain measurements performed at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. A very good agreement is achieved across the different measurements and domains. The network model is computationally very inexpensive while still preserving good accuracy and interpretability. The model can hence be used to reproduce impedances of superconducting magnets accurately for performance evaluations and to investigate the impact of failures.
Magnetic imaging of Abrikosov vortices trapped near moats in the niobium thin film
Authors: Pan Yinping , Wu Guangting , Zhang Denghui , Fan Xinxin , Wang Yue , Liu Xu , Niu Minghui , Zhang Lu , Ren Jie , Wang Zhen , Chen Lei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Abrikosov vortices trapped in superconducting circuits can reduce their operation margin and, in some cases, even lead to failure. Moats have been introduced to reduce the impact of Abrikosov vortices by providing a favorable location for trapping them at a distance from the circuit. However, the distribution mechanism of vortices near moats driven by applied magnetic fields and currents remains unclear. In this study, we used multiple moats to construct square-shaped areas in the niobium (Nb) thin film and employed magnetic force microscopy to observe the distribution of vortices induced by applied magnetic fields and currents near these areas. The moats effectively prevented vortices from entering the square-shaped area, particularly when the spacing between two moats was <550 nm. Furthermore, we discovered that the edges of moats generated new vortices with polarities opposite to those entering from both the edges of the Nb film under applied current. These vortices attracted each other and annihilated in pairs. These findings provide more insights into designing the layouts of superconducting integrated circuits.