bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Murray Stuart B. , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Garber Andrea K. , Mitchison Deborah , Griffiths Scott 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine adolescent predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in young men and women using a nationally representative longitudinal sample in the United States and to examine differences by sex.MethodWe used nationally representative longitudinal cohort data collected from baseline (11–18 years old, 1994–1995) and 7‐year follow‐up (18–24 years old, 2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We examined adolescent demographic, behavioral, and mental health predictors of young adult muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors defined as eating more or differently to gain weight or bulk up, supplements to gain weight or bulk up, or androgenic anabolic steroid use at 7‐year follow‐up.ResultsOf the 14,891 included participants, 22% of males and 5% of females reported any muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behavior at follow‐up in young adulthood. Factors recorded at adolescence that were prospectively associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in both sexes included black race, exercising to gain weight, self‐perception of being underweight, and lower body mass index z‐score. In addition, participation in weightlifting; roller‐blading, roller‐skating, skate‐boarding, or bicycling; and alcohol among males and depressive symptoms among females during adolescence were associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in young adulthood.ConclusionsInterventions to prevent muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors may target at‐risk youth, particularly those of black race or who engage in exercise to gain weight. Future research should examine longitudinal health outcomes associated with muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Cheng Qiqun , Ge Yushuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is a typical small cold water fish, which is distributed widely and mainly inhabits in East Asia. Here, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of R. oxycephalus and studied its phylogenetic implication. R. oxycephalus mitogenome is 16,609 bp in length (GenBank accession no.: MH885043), and it contains 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two noncoding regions (the control region and the putative origin of light‐strand replication). 12 PCGs started with ATG, while COI used GTG as the start codon. The secondary structure of tRNA‐Ser (AGN) lacks the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. The control region is 943bp in length, with a termination‐associated sequence, six conserved sequence blocks (CSB‐1, CSB‐2, CSB‐3, CSB‐D, CSB‐E, CSB‐F), and a repetitive sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on the concatenated nucleotide sequence of 13 PCGs and the complete sequence without control region, and the result revealed that the relationship between R. oxycephalus and R. percnurus is closest, while the relationship with R. kumgangensis is farthest. The genus Rhynchocypris is revealed as a polyphyletic group, and R. kumgangensis had distant relationship with other Rhynchocypris species. In addition, COI and ND2 genes are considered as the fittest DNA barcoding gene in genus Rhynchocypris. This work provides additional molecular information for studying R. oxycephalus conservation genetics and evolutionary relationships.
From canopy to seed: Loss of snow drives directional changes in forest composition
Authors: Bisbing Sarah M. , Buma Brian J. , Oakes Lauren E. , Krapek John , Bidlack Allison L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change is altering the conditions for tree recruitment, growth, and survival, and impacting forest community composition. Across southeast Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada,Callitropsis nootkatensis(Alaska yellow‐cedar) is experiencing extensive climate change‐induced canopy mortality due to fine‐root death during soil freezing events following warmer winters and the loss of insulating snowpack. Here, we examine the effects of ongoing, climate‐driven canopy mortality on forest community composition and identify potential shifts in stand trajectories due to the loss of a single canopy species. We sampled canopy and regenerating forest communities across the extent ofC. nootkatensisdecline in southeast Alaska to quantify the effects of climate, community, and stand‐level drivers onC. nootkatensiscanopy mortality and regeneration as well as postdecline regenerating community composition. Across the plot network,C. nootkatensisexhibited significantly higher mortality than co‐occurring conifers across all size classes and locations. Regenerating community composition was highly variable but closely related to the severity ofC. nootkatensismortality.Callitropsis nootkatensiscanopy mortality was correlated with winter temperatures and precipitation as well as local soil drainage, with regenerating community composition andC. nootkatensisregeneration abundances best explained by available seed source. In areas of highC. nootkatensismortality,C. nootkatensisregeneration was low and replaced byTsuga. Our study suggests that climate‐induced forest mortality is driving alternate successional pathways in forests whereC. nootkatensiswas once a major component. These pathways are likely to lead to long‐term shifts in forest community composition and stand dynamics. Our analysis fills a critical knowledge gap on forest ecosystem response and rearrangement following the climate‐driven decline of a single species, providing new insight into stand dynamics in a changing climate. As tree species across the globe are increasingly stressed by climate change‐induced alteration of suitable habitat, identifying the autecological factors contributing to successful regeneration, or lack thereof, will provide key insight into forest resilience and persistence on the landscape.
How extreme is extreme? Demographic approaches inform the occurrence and ecological relevance of extreme events
Authors: Latimer Christopher E. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProjected increases in the variability of both temperature and precipitation will result in the greater likelihood and magnitude of extreme weather (e.g., cold snaps, droughts, heat waves) with potential implications for animal populations. Despite the ecological consequences of extreme weather, there are several challenges in identifying extreme events and measuring their influence on key demographic processes in free‐living animals. First, there is often a mismatch between the spatial and/or temporal resolution of biological and climate data that could hinder our ability to draw accurate inferences about how species and populations respond to extreme events. Second, there are multiple approaches for identifying an extreme event ranging from statistical definitions (e.g., standardized deviates) to species‐specific biological thresholds. Lastly, the impacts of extreme weather on species can vary as a function of differences in exposure and intrinsic sensitivity to climate variability. In the Northern Hemisphere, rapid warming has contributed to a “wobblier” jet stream that promotes the higher likelihood of cold Arctic air moving southward and leading to more extreme winter conditions. Due to these conditions, the Upper Midwest experienced two of the coldest winters in the past 35 yr during 2014 and 2015. We combined radiofrequency identification technologies with fine‐scale weather data and standard capture–mark–recapture analyses to estimate weekly and overwinter survival rates of a common winter passerine, the Black‐capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), in a near continuous fashion. Using both statistical and biological definitions of weather extremes, we found that declining ambient temperatures reduced survival (despite the presence of favorable microclimates), and that biologically defined thresholds of extreme weather were better at explaining variation in survival than statistical ones. Moreover, habitat fragmentation interacted with temperature to modify the exposure of birds to extreme weather with survival consequences, but sensitivity, as measured by body condition, did not appear to play a significant role. These results provide a novel contribution to the understanding of how extreme weather may interact with local‐ and landscape features to influence the demography of species and populations, and suggest potential opportunities for climate‐change adaptation in human‐dominated landscapes.
Development of an imaged capillary isoelectric focusing method for characterizing the surface charge of mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines
Authors: Loughney John W. , Minsker Kevin , Ha Sha , Rustandi Richard R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been employed for drug delivery in small molecules, siRNA, mRNA, and pDNA for both therapeutics and vaccines. Characterization of LNPs is challenging because they are heterogeneous mixtures of large complex particles. Many tools for particle size characterization, such as dynamic and static light scattering, have been applied as well as morphology analysis using electron microscopy. CE has been applied for the characterization of many different large particles such as liposomes, polymer, and viruses. However, there have been limited efforts to characterize the surface charge of LNPs and CIEF has not been explored for this type of particle. Typically, LNPs for delivery of oligonucleotides contain at least four different lipids, with at least one being an ionizable cationic lipid. Here, we describe the development of an imaged capillary isoelectric focusing method used to measure the surface charge (i.e., pI) of an LNP‐based mRNA vaccine. This method is capable of distinguishing the pI of LNPs manufactured with one or more different ionizable lipids for the purpose of confirming LNP identity in a manufacturing setting. Additionally, the method is quantitative and stability‐indicating making it suitable for both process and formulation development.
Optimization of background electrolyte composition for simultaneous contactless conductivity and fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis of biological samples
Authors: Lačná Júlia , Přikryl Jan , Teshima Norio , Murakami Hiroya , Esaka Yukihiro , Foret František , Kubáň Petr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, optimization of BGE for simultaneous separation of inorganic ions, organic acids, and glutathione using dual C4D‐LIF detection in capillary electrophoresis is presented. The optimized BGE consisted of 30 mM 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethanesulfonic acid, 15 mM 2‐amino‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐propane‐1,3‐diol, and 2 mM 18‐crown‐6 at pH 7.2 and allowed simultaneous separation of ten inorganic anions and cations, three organic acids and glutathione in 20 min. The samples were injected hydrodynamically from both capillary ends using the double‐opposite end injection principle. Sensitive detection of anions, cations, and organic acids with micromolar LODs using C4D and simultaneously glutathione with nanomolar LODs using LIF was achieved in a single run. The developed BGE may be useful in analyses of biological samples containing analytes with differing concentrations of several orders of magnitude that is not possible with single detection mode.
Hydration index and hydrated constitutive model of clay shale using acoustic frequency spectrum
Authors: Liu Xiangjun , Ding Yi , Ranjith P G , Luo Pingya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClay shale is frequently encountered in drilling. With strong hydration capacity, when clay shale contacts with drilling fluid, rock structural and mechanical property will be affected, causing wellbore instability. Acoustic frequency spectrum is a significant parameter in geophysical logging. The influence of hydration on clay shale can be reflected in acoustic logging. Therefore, in order to identify hydration damage and have precise evaluation for hydration damage, a novel hydration damage index has been built on the basis of acoustic frequency spectrum. Meanwhile, considering the influence of hydration, hydrated constitutive model has been proposed using this new index. Results demonstrate that acoustic frequency spectrum has clear modification due to hydration damage. In the hydration evolutionary process, fracture initiation and propagation happen, decreasing acoustic amplitude and dominant frequency. The whole hydration evolutionary process exhibits S curve with clear three stages. In the initial stage, changing ranges of acoustic amplitude and frequency are small. In the middle stage, clear fracture propagation can be noticed and fracture network is formed, boosting the change of acoustic frequency spectrum. Finally, acoustic frequency spectrum becomes stable, meaning hydration damage has reached its limitation. Hydration damage degree is variable with different conditions, but the tendency still remains typical S curve. Stress‐strain curves simulated from hydrated constitutive model are in good agreement with results of uniaxial compressive test, indicating this model can be used to express shale mechanical property in hydration evolutionary process. Findings of this paper can offer theoretical reference for evaluating hydration damage and are advantageous for drilling operation in clay shale formation.
Petrogenesis of Middle Devonian diorite at the Xierqu Fe–Cu deposit in the Kalatag district, eastern Tianshan, NW China
Authors: Chen Lei , Deng Xiao‐Hua , Bagas Leon , Wu Xiang‐Bin , Zou Hai‐Yang , Zhang Hui‐Qiong , Sun Yan , Lv Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Jing‐Bin 
Published: June 2019

Xierqu is a skarn Fe–Cu deposit associated with porphyritic diorite, in the Kalatag district of eastern Tianshan, China. The diorite yields a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon date of 391 ± 3 Ma interpreted as its age of emplacement. Major element geochemistry shows that the diorite is a calc‐alkaline assaying 16.7–19 wt.% of Al2O3, with Mg# values of 56.8–67.1, and Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) (A/CNK) values of 0.55–0.94. Trace element characteristics of the diorite show that it is enriched in Ba, K, and Sr and depleted in Nb, Ta, and Ti, with a positive Eu (1.18–1.44) anomaly and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios. Sr–Nd isotopic analyses yielded positive εNd(t) values ranging from 7.1 to 9.8 with low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.703806 to 0.703856. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the diorite is adakite‐like emplaced in an island‐arc setting and resulted from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust in a mantle wedge during the Devonian.
Computational fluid dynamic and thermal stress analysis of coatings for high‐temperature corrosion protection of aerospace gas turbine blades
Authors: Kadir Ali , Bég Anwar O. , El Gendy Mohammed , Bég Tasveer A. , Shamshuddin MD. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current investigation presents detailed finite‐element simulations of coating stress analysis for a three‐dimensional, three‐layered model of a test sample representing a typical gas turbine component. Structural steel, titanium alloy, and silicon carbide are selected for main inner, middle, and outermost layers respectively. ANSYS is used to conduct three types of analysis—static structural, thermal stress analysis, and also computational fluid dynamic erosion (via ANSYS FLUENT). The specified geometry, which corresponds to corrosion test samples exactly, is discretized using a body‐sizing meshing approach, comprising mainly of tetrahedron cells. Refinements were concentrated at the connection points between the layers to shift the focus toward the static effects dissipated between them. A detailed grid independence study is conducted to confirm the accuracy of the selected mesh densities. The momentum and energy equations were solved, and the viscous heating option was applied to represent the improved thermal physics of heat transfer between the layers of the structures. A discrete phase model (DPM) in ANSYS FLUENT was used, which allows for the injection of continuous uniform air particles onto the model, thereby enabling an option for calculating the corrosion factor caused by hot air injection. Extensive visualization of results is provided. The simulations show that ceramic (silicon carbide) when combined with titanium clearly provide good thermal protection; however, the ceramic coating is susceptible to cracking and the titanium coating layer on its own achieves significant thermal resistance. Higher strains are computed for the two‐layer model than the single layer model (thermal case). However even with titanium only present as a coating the maximum equivalent elastic strain is still dangerously close to the lower edge. Only with the three‐layer combined ceramic and titanium coating model is the maximum equivalent strain pushed deeper towards the core central area. Here the desired effect of restricting high stresses to the strongest region of the gas turbine blade model is achieved, whereas in the other two models, lower strains are produced in the core central zones. Generally, the CFD analysis reveals that maximum erosion rates are confined to a local zone on the upper face of the three‐layer system which is in fact the sacrificial layer (ceramic coating). The titanium is not debonded or damaged which is essential for creating a buffer to the actual blade surface and mitigating penetrative corrosive effects. The present analysis may further be generalized to consider three‐dimensional blade geometries and corrosive chemical reaction effects encountered in gas turbine aero‐engines.
How important is early home environment in the prediction of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescence? The protective role of early cognitive stimulation
Authors: Einziger Tzlil , Zilberman‐Hayun Yael , Atzaba‐Poria Naama , Auerbach Judith G. , Berger Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable; however, an adequate home environment may moderate its development. This study examined the early home environment of 70 male adolescents (M age = 13.5 years, SD = 0.95) participating in a prospective high‐risk longitudinal study. Results demonstrated that adolescents who were eventually diagnosed with ADHD tended to have higher home chaos and less enriched home environments in early childhood. Within the different aspects of enriched home environment, less cognitive stimulation—but not less emotional/physical support—was found between diagnosed and nondiagnosed adolescents. This effect was also found among the subgroup of those who, a priori, were at familial risk for ADHD. Early cognitive stimulation longitudinally predicted both ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptom domains, above and beyond parental ADHD symptoms and other aspects of the early home environment. Results suggest the possible protective role of early cognitive stimulation in the development of ADHD.Highlights

This study examined the aspects of early childhood home environment that serve as risk/protective factors in the developmental course of ADHD.
Early cognitive stimulation, but not home chaos and emotional/physical environment, longitudinally predicted both ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in adolescence.
Early cognitive stimulation might have a protective role in the developmental course of ADHD.
Integrating Aquatic Designated Use Protection and Restoration Strategies Using an Ecosystem Goods and Services Framework
Authors: Diamond Jerome , Tonning Barry , Parry Kristen , Boschen Clint 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Water quality standards programs in the United States and other countries are based on designated uses (DUs), which are linked to criteria that specify maximum pollutant levels and other characteristics that are thresholds for waterbody compliance with regulatory goals. Most DUs are similar to certain provisioning ecosystem goods and services (EGS), such as drinking water supply and recreation (e.g., boating, fishing). Absent in the DU concept are supporting or regulating services, which results in disjointed and often ineffective aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration strategies. The focus on discrete sets of water quality parameters in the DU concept can often result in the appearance of conflicting DUs, resulting in poor provisioning of certain DUs. We present a framework that uses EGS to provide a more holistic assessment of DUs and to help inform best management practices that could result in fuller attainment of DUs while providing greater provisioning of desired goods and services. Two case studies are discussed, demonstrating some of the issues with the DU concept, how it is implemented in the United States, and how the EGS framework can provide a crosswalk between the DU paradigm and stakeholder goals for a watershed. A process is presented that could help regulatory agencies and stakeholders make better use of the EGS framework in DU decisions, including watershed protection and restoration. The EGS framework presented here, coupled with a watershed stakeholder process focused on developing an integrative management strategy based on the framework, could help achieve multiple beneficial uses in an aquatic system. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:808–818. © 2019 SETAC.
The use of polymeric meshes for pelvic organ prolapse: Current concepts, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Mancuso Elena , Downey Candice , Doxford‐Hook Elizabeth , Bryant Michael G , Culmer Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one of the most common chronic disorders in women, impacting the quality of life of millions of them worldwide. More than 100 surgical procedures have been developed over the decades to treat POP. However, the failure of conservative strategies and the number of patients with recurrence risk have increased the need for further adjuvant treatments. Since their introduction, surgical synthetic meshes have dramatically transformed POP repair showing superior anatomic outcomes in comparison to traditional approaches. Although significant progress has been attained, among the meshes in clinical use, there is no single mesh appropriate for every surgery. Furthermore, due to the risk of complications including acute and chronic infection, mesh shrinkage, and erosion of the tissue, the benefits of the use of meshes have recently been questioned. The aim of this work is to review the evolution of POP surgery, analyzing the current challenges, and detailing the key factors pertinent to the design of new mesh systems. Starting with a description of the pelvic floor anatomy, the article then presents the traditional treatments used in pelvic organ disorders. Next, the development of synthetic meshes is described with an insight into how their function is dependent on both mesh design variables (i.e., material, structure, and functional treatment) and surgical applications. These are then linked to common mesh‐related complications, and an indication of current research aiming to address these issues.