bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les effets de la qualité des institutions sur l’innovation
Authors: Mrad Fatma , Bouaziz Nourhen 
Published: September 2018

Ce travail a pour objet d’analyser la relation entre la qualité des institutions et l’innovation. Les études empiriques disponibles ont analysé cette relation pour le cas des firmes. Par rapport à ces études, nous estimons cinq modèles de panel dynamique par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés pour un échantillon de 53 pays (composé de 17 pays développés et 36 pays en développement et émergents) observés sur la période 1996-2013. L’accent est mis sur trois variables institutionnelles à savoir : le contrôle de la corruption, l’efficacité des pouvoirs publics et la qualité de la réglementation et sur deux indicateurs synthétiques institutionnels. Les résultats des estimations indiquent que l’intensification de la lutte contre la corruption favorise l’innovation. De plus, l’innovation est stimulée par un environnement institutionnel caractérisé par une intervention efficace du gouvernement dans l’économie et par la mise en place des politiques saines et des réglementations solides. Codes JEL : O31, O5, O17, H1, K
Entrepreneuriat et innovation au cœur d’un territoire : le cas des femmes entrepreneures sociales des quartiers
Authors: Notais Amélie , Tixier Julie 
Published: September 2018

Cet article pose la question suivante : dans quelle mesure les femmes des quartiers construisent-elles un modèle innovant de l’entrepreneuriat ? Il s’appuie sur l’étude d’une expérimentation sociale visant à former les femmes à l’entrepreneuriat social au cœur de La Courneuve (Seine Saint-Denis, France). Il dresse le portrait de l’entrepreneuriat dans sa diversité « pluriel(le) et métissé(e) » (Germain, 2017). La méthodologie qualitative se fonde principalement sur les récits des entrepreneures. C’est une conception singulière de la notion de l’entrepreneur, de l’entrepreneuriat et de l’implication des parties prenantes que proposent ces femmes. Cette réflexion conduit vers de multiples figures de l’ entrepreneuring . Chacune entreprend le territoire pour un mieux vivre-ensemble. Elles engagent toutes un mouvement citoyen et innovent socialement. Codes JEL : M
La créativité sous influence du genre : comment le genre de l’individu influe sur la créativité de groupe dans les organisations
Authors: Parmentier Guy , Le Loarne-Lemaire Séverine 
Published: September 2018

La littérature en créativité prône l’impact positif de la diversité au sein du groupe créatif mais s’intéresse peu à la place de la diversité de genre et à son impact sur la qualité de la créativité du groupe. Cet article questionne l’impact de la composition du groupe en termes de genre sur la performance créative et sur le jugement que l’organisation peut avoir de la créativité des groupes. Il examine aussi l’effet du genre des évaluateurs sur l’évaluation des idées. Se fondant sur deux études expérimentales respectivement menées auprès de 99 professionnels et de 463 étudiants, nous confirmons qu’il n’y a pas de différence de performance créative entre hommes et femmes. En revanche, les hommes et les femmes évaluent différemment les idées. Enfin, s’il n’y a pas de plafond de verre d’idées émises par des femmes, les idées émises par les groupes mixtes sont moins sélectionnées par l’organisation. Codes JEL : M14
Les usages du brevet : vers une définition du brevet comme mécanisme de gouvernance des activités d’innovation des organisations
Authors: Mandard Matthieu 
Published: September 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer un cadre analytique qui répertorie les usages du brevet. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de remettre en question la définition traditionnelle du brevet comme mécanisme de protection des innovations pour le définir plus largement comme un mécanisme de gouvernance des activités d’innovation des organisations, et ce au niveau intra- comme inter-organisationnel. Nous montrons ainsi que le brevet a quatre principaux usages – indicateur d’activité, outil de motivation, vecteur de réputation et mécanisme de protection – dont nous présentons les modalités de mise en œuvre ainsi que les limites. Nous discutons finalement les implications scientifiques et managériales de ce cadre d’analyse. CODES JEL : L20, O32
La cité cultuelle tchadienne au miroir de la lutte anti-terroriste ou les enjeux de pouvoir d’une labellisation religieuse subversive
Authors: Racine Clémentine , Mahamat Mustapha Ali 
Published: September 2018

Cet article se penche sur les rapports de pouvoir au sein du champ islamique tchadien, plus précisément entre le Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques (CSAI), instance officielle en charge de la communauté musulmane, et l’association salafiste aujourd’hui dissoute Jamat Ansar Al Sunna Al Mohammadiya. La question posée est celle de l’articulation d’un discours sur la lutte antiterroriste islamiste mondiale avec d’autres formes de rationalités propres aux configurations du pouvoir religieux tchadien. La perspective internationale qui associe religiosité affirmée et extrémisme violent est réappropriée par les élites islamiques qui en font un outil étatique de stigmatisation de toute vision religieuse non conventionnelle. Le recours sur la scène tchadienne à un discours international sur le terrorisme islamiste mobilisant le double répertoire de l’islam « subversif » et « légitime » contribue à la conflictualité du champ musulman, tout en traçant et en déplaçant la frontière entre pouvoir politique et religion.
Automatic Visual Inspection of Grains Quality In Agroindustry 4.0
Authors: Macedo Robson Aparecido Gomes de , Marques Wilson Dias , Belan Peterson Adriano , Arujo Sidnei Alves 
Published: September 2018

With the advent of Industry 4.0, the use of new technologies, robotization and advanced manufacturing has been extended to the agricultural sector, with the aim of increasing productivity, reducing environmental impacts, increasing profits and improving the quality of products, giving rise to the terms Precision Agriculture, Agribusiness 4.0, Agriculture 4.0 and Agroindustry 4.0. If on the one hand much is being said about the adoption of new technologies in the stages of land preparation, planting and harvesting, on the other hand very little is said about the processing of agricultural products using, for example, automated systems for visual inspection of quality. This work aims to investigate the different approaches for automatic visual inspection of grains quality proposed in the last decade and present a discussion about how these approaches are inserted in the context of these new productive processes of modern agriculture, as well as the positive aspects and the limitations found for their uses.
The Black Angel
Authors: Blocker Jane 
Published: September 2018

The literature on Cuban born artist Ana Mendieta commonly ignores her Midwest experience, imbricating her Latinidad with her homeland in Cuba and with her multiple trips to and production of site-specific artworks in Mexico. This chapter looks at Mendieta's experiences in Iowa City, where she arrived at the age of 12 as a refugee of Operation Peter Pan and where she lived longer than any other location. By studying an enigmatic film that the artist made in 1975 called The Black Angel, it argues that Mendieta was aware of and could identify with other immigrant experiences in her adopted state, especially those portrayed through images of motherhood and loss.
Bonded in Hate
Authors: Shaffer Ryan 
Published: September 2018

Shaiel Ben-Ephraim’s and Or Honig’s chapter focuses on the lynching and mob violence between Jews and Arabs in the area known as mandatory Palestine, and later as the State of Israel and the occupied territories. Ben-Ephraim and Honig seek to answer two questions: when and why has lynching and mob violence occurred, and how has it affected the development of the Zionist-Palestinian conflict. The chapter focuses on two periods of intercommunal conflict in which lynching and mob violence took place: the British Mandate period (1920-1948), and the period following the eruption of the first Palestinian Uprising “Intifada” (1987) until today. Ben-Ephraim and Honig find that the main variable determining the use of lynching attacks was the level of institutionalization of national political movements. When there are organized institutions and society is more organized, organized forms of violence such as uprisings or terrorism tend to be more prevalent since society or elements of it can be mobilized to act in a more systematic fashion. Lynching and mob violence reflect a lack of political institutionalization because the leadership possesses the ability to incite, yet lacks the tools to restrain or guide, the violence it inspires. By contrast, when the national movements are well institutionalized, Ben-Ephraim and Honig argue, more spontaneous acts of violence tend instead to take the form of sporadic acts of vengeance.
Co-constituting Fijian identity: the role of constitutions in Fijian national identity
Authors: Mudaliar Christopher 
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the role that constitutions play in national identity, particularly in states that are recently independent and constrained by a colonial legacy. It uses Fiji as a case study, exploring how British colonialism influenced conceptions of Fijian national identity in the constitutional texts of 1970, 1990 and 1997. The chapter explores the indigenous ethno-nationalist ideals that underpinned these constitutions, which led to the privileging of indigenous Fijian identity within the wider national identity. However, in 2013, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama introduced a new constitution which shifted away from previous ethno-nationalist underpinnings towards a more inclusive national identity through the promotion of a civic nationalist agenda. In doing so, Bainimarama’s goal of reducing ethnic conflict has seen a constitutional re-imagining of Fijian identity, which includes the introduction of new national symbols, and a new electoral system, alongside equal citizenry clauses within the Constitution. This study offers a unique insight into power and identity within post-colonial island states.
A space for identity: the case of Lebanon’s naturalised Palestinians
Authors: Ghandour Hind 
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines a segment of Palestinians who were granted citizenship in Lebanon through a process of tawtin, a naturalization strategy underpinned by notions of national belonging and identity. It draws upon interviews and observations with naturalized citizens and refugees to illustrate and reveal patterns of citizenship practice that challenge national discourses of tawtin, and suggest the emergence of a paradigm that posits citizenship-as-rights, and not identity. Despite the dichotomous discourse that posits Palestinian identity in dialectic to citizenship, naturalized Palestinians constructed dynamic spaces for both to exist, somewhat harmoniously. Despite the globalization of human rights and the rise of universal personhood, access to rights remains inextricably bound and dependent upon access to citizenship. Analyses of citizenship practice remains, for the most part, conscripted to frameworks that posit citizenship-as identity on the one hand, and the subsequent emergence of citizenship-as-rights on the other. Belying these existing frameworks is a negotiation and re-negotiation of citizenship by individuals that inherently challenges them from within. This necessitates a paradigmatic shift from the top-down lens within which tawtin of Palestinians in Lebanon is presented, towards a bottom-up approach that explores the individuals’ agency in its conceptualization.
Positive regard for difference without identity
Authors: Nicholas Lucy 
Published: September 2018

The contact hypothesis has been the go-to social psychology concept for promoting better relations between unequal social groups since its inception in the context of ‘racial’ de-segregation in the USA. The idea that contact between groups reduces prejudice has been applied to a range of dominant / subordinate social groups such as ethnic groups, homo/heterosexuals, cis and trans people. This chapter will question whether the aims and premises of contact theory are still useful in the context of increasingly subtle and systemic biases and inequalities, and whether and how it might be usefully extended to relations between more complex identities than simple pre-defined oppositional ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups. To do so, it considers some examples of intergroup othering using case studies pertaining to backlashes against gender, sexual and ethnic diversity in the contemporary Australian context. This chapter proposes the fruitful combination of queer ethics, post-tolerance political theory and the social psychology concept of ‘allophilia’ (love for the other) to move towards fostering ‘positive regard’ as an alternative way to tackle prejudice. It suggests that queer ethics can lend a convincing strategy here, which I call ‘reading queerly’, that is, being able to approach an other with an openness that neither homogenises nor subordinates difference.
‘Some have it from Birth, Some by Disposition’:1 Foolishness in Medieval German Literature
Authors: Dillig Janina 
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines depictions of fools in Middle High German literature to demonstrate that the medieval idea of folly is more complex than a simple opposition to reason, and to ascertain if there are notions of intellectual disability in the German Middle Ages. To understand medieval ideas of foolishness, this chapter explores the difference between ‘will fool’ and ‘natural fool’ as depicted by Konrad von Megenberg in the 14th century. This medieval differentiation is then tracked through several different Middle High German texts, including the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach and the Middle High German stories Die halbe Birne and Des Mönches Not.
Native ancestry is associated with optic neuritis and age of onset in hispanics with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Amezcua Lilyana , Beecham Ashley H. , Delgado Silvia R. , Chinea Angel , Burnett Margaret , Manrique Clara Patricia , Gomez Refujia , Comabella Manuel , Montalban Xavier , Ortega Melissa , Tornes Leticia , Lund Brett T. , Islam Talat , Conti David , Oksenberg Jorge R. , McCauley Jacob L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHispanics with multiple sclerosis (MS) present younger and more often with optic neuritis (ON) as compared to Whites in the western United States. Regional differences related to Hispanic genetic admixture could be responsible. We investigated the association between global genetic ancestry and ON and age at onset of MS in Hispanics.MethodsData were obtained for 1033 self‐identified Hispanics with MS from four MS‐based registries from four academic institutions across the United States January 2016–April 2017. Multivariate regression models, utilizing genetic ancestry estimates for Native American (NA), African, and European ancestry, were used to assess the relationship between genetic ancestry and ON presentation and age of MS onset, defined as age at first symptom.ResultsGenetic ancestry and ON proportions varied by region where NA ancestry and ON proportions were highest among Hispanics in the southwestern United States (40% vs. 19% overall for NA and 38% vs. 25% overall for ON). A strong inverse correlation was observed between NA and European ancestry (r = −0.83). ON presentation was associated with younger age of onset (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99; P = 7.80 × 10−03) and increased NA ancestry (OR: 2.35 for the highest versus the lowest quartile of NA ancestry; 95% CI: 1.35–4.10; P = 2.60 × 10−03). Younger age of onset was found to be associated with a higher proportion NA (Beta: −5.58; P = 3.49 × 10−02) and African ancestry (Beta: −10.07; P = 1.39 × 10−03).InterpretationEthnic differences associated with genetic admixture could influence clinical presentation in Hispanics with MS; underscoring the importance of considering genetic substructure in future clinical, genetic, and epigenetic studies in Hispanics.
Detection of Flares by Decrease in Physical Activity, Collected Using Wearable Activity Trackers in Rheumatoid Arthritis or Axial Spondyloarthritis: An Application of Machine Learning Analyses in Rheumatology
Authors: Gossec Laure , Guyard Frédéric , Leroy Didier , Lafargue Thomas , Seiler Michel , Jacquemin Charlotte , Molto Anna , Sellam Jérémie , Foltz Violaine , Gandjbakhch Frédérique , Hudry Christophe , Mitrovic Stéphane , Fautrel Bruno , Servy Hervé 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveFlares in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) may influence physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinally the association between patient‐reported flares and activity‐tracker–provided steps per minute, using machine learning.MethodsThis prospective observational study (ActConnect) included patients with definite RA or axial SpA. For a 3‐month time period, physical activity was assessed continuously by number of steps/minute, using a consumer grade activity tracker, and flares were self‐assessed weekly. Machine‐learning techniques were applied to the data set. After intrapatient normalization of the physical activity data, multiclass Bayesian methods were used to calculate sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of the machine‐generated models of physical activity in order to predict patient‐reported flares.ResultsOverall, 155 patients (1,339 weekly flare assessments and 224,952 hours of physical activity assessments) were analyzed. The mean ± SD age for patients with RA (n = 82) was 48.9 ± 12.6 years and was 41.2 ± 10.3 years for those with axial SpA (n = 73). The mean ± SD disease duration was 10.5 ± 8.8 years for patients with RA and 10.8 ± 9.1 years for those with axial SpA. Fourteen patients with RA (17.1%) and 41 patients with axial SpA (56.2%) were male. Disease was well‐controlled (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints mean ± SD 2.2 ± 1.2; Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score mean ± SD 3.1 ± 2.0), but flares were frequent (22.7% of all weekly assessments). The model generated by machine learning performed well against patient‐reported flares (mean sensitivity 96% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 94–97%], mean specificity 97% [95% CI 96–97%], mean positive predictive value 91% [95% CI 88–96%], and negative predictive value 99% [95% CI 98–100%]). Sensitivity analyses were confirmatory.ConclusionAlthough these pilot findings will have to be confirmed, the correct detection of flares by machine‐learning processing of activity tracker data provides a framework for future studies of remote‐control monitoring of disease activity, with great precision and minimal patient burden.
Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers
Authors: Santomauro Giulia , Singh Ajay Vikram , Park Byung‐Wook , Mohammadrahimi Mohammadreza , Erkoc Pelin , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela , Sitti Metin , Bill Joachim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSwimming microorganisms have been shown to be useful for the propulsion of microrobotic devices due to their self‐powered motion. Up to now, mainly bacteria, e.g., magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), are investigated as biohybrid microrobots. But biocompatibility studies of MTB regarding medical utilizations are still lacking. Moreover, MTB require special culture conditions for their stability, which also might limit their usage for biomedical applications. Herein, a cytocompatible, highly motile microswimmer is presented from a microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which has the capacity to carry large loads. C. reinhardtii cells are magnetized by incorporating terbium. The following analyses reveal an induced magnetic moment of a magnetized C. reinhardtii cell of 1.6 × 10−11 emu, comparable to its counterparts used as magnetotactic microrobots. The magnetized algae are able to align to the field lines of an applied uniform magnetic field, guiding them to swim in a directional motion. In addition, C. reinhardtii cells and human cells show mutual biocompatibility, indicating that the algae cells are noncytotoxic. Furthermore, the magnetized microalgae reported here are easy to track in the human body by luminescence imaging tools due to their innate autofluorescence performance and photoluminescence of the incorporated Tb3+. Thus, terbium‐incorporated microalgae are promising candidates for magnetically steerable biohybrid microrobots.
Plant‐Based Modular Building Blocks for “Green” Electronic Skins
Authors: Wang Lili , Wang Kang , Lou Zheng , Jiang Kai , Shen Guozhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins) are a hot research topic with applications in many areas of modern science. Considering the economic viability and sustainability of devices for practical applications, green devices are currently in high demand because they are safe, sustainable, and efficient wearable systems. With natural hierarchical and fiber‐shape structures and biological activities, plants are earth‐abundant sustainable materials and are excellent “green” candidates to prepare electrodes for e‐skins. This review covers recent progress in the use of natural plants for e‐skins and highlights their advantages and main functions, for example, biodegradation, mechanical matching, and physical interactions. It is also discussed how the versatility of these materials can further advance next‐generation, sustainable, flexible e‐skins and the integration of such devices into living environments, which would enable practical application of these systems. Finally, challenges for employing plant materials in green e‐skins are addressed.
Ultranarrow Bandwidth Organic Photodiodes by Exchange Narrowing in Merocyanine H‐ and J‐Aggregate Excitonic Systems
Authors: Liess Andreas , Arjona‐Esteban Alhama , Kudzus Astrid , Albert Julius , Krause Ana‐Maria , Lv Aifeng , Stolte Matthias , Meerholz Klaus , Würthner Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUltranarrowband organic photodiodes (OPDs) are demonstrated for thin film solid state materials composed of tightly packed dipolar merocyanine dyes. For these dyes the packing arrangement can be controlled by the bulkiness of the donor substituent, leading to either strong H‐ or strong J‐type exciton coupling in the interesting blue (H‐aggregate) and NIR (J‐aggregate) spectral ranges. Both bands are shown to arise from one single exciton band according to fluorescence measurements and are not just a mere consequence of different polymorphs within the same thin film. By fabrication of organic thin‐film transistors, these dyes are demonstrated to exhibit hole transport behavior in spin‐coated thin films. Moreover, when used as organic photodiodes in planar heterojunctions with C60 fullerene, they show wavelength‐selective photocurrents in the solid state with maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 11% and ultranarrow bandwidths down to 30 nm. Thereby, narrowing the linewidths of optoelectronic functional materials by exciton coupling provides a powerful approach to produce ultranarrowband organic photodiodes.