bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Implantoplasty on Fracture Resistance and Implant Surface Changes: An In Vitro and Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Goh Rayner , Li Kai Chun , Atieh Momen A. , Ma Sunyoung , Oliver Abigail , Giraldo Diana , Tawse‐Smith Andrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionImplantoplasty can be performed on implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis to facilitate implant decontamination and improve access for oral home care. However, its effect on the mechanical strength of the implant is still uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implantoplasty on the fracture resistance of dental implants with various degrees of bone loss, as well as its surface changes.MethodsEighty 4.2 × 13 mm conical connection dental implants were allocated evenly into four groups based on the bone defect morphology: circumferential or semi‐circumferential, and 3 or 5 mm vertical height. Half of the implants underwent implantoplasty with tungsten carbide finishing burs. Weight, volume, and surface roughness of the implants were recorded prior to and after instrumentation. All implants were subjected to static loading to failure or fracture and the implant surfaces were then analyzed using optical microscopy. Finite element analysis was carried out to assess the stress pattern on dental implants after implantoplasty.ResultsImplantoplasty significantly reduced the fracture resistance of implants with all defect morphologies, aside from those with 3 mm of circumferential bone loss. Implants with 5 mm of peri‐implant bone loss also experienced significantly reduced fracture resistance compared to the 3 mm group. Significant decrease in fracture resistance was only observed between the circumferential and semi‐circumferential groups with 5 mm of bone loss. Surface roughness was also significantly reduced following implantoplasty. The results from finite element analysis revealed a change in pattern of stress concentration in the implant after implantoplasty.ConclusionImplantoplasty negatively impacted the fracture resistance of standard diameter dental implants in most scenarios. The increase in exposed implant length resulted in a decrease in fracture resistance. This increase in fracture risk should be considered prior to implantoplasty, especially in implants with more advanced bone loss.
Folk Intuitions About Free Will and Moral Responsibility: Evaluating the Combined Effects of Misunderstandings About Determinism and Motivated Cognition
Authors: Inarimori Kiichi , Haruki Yusuke , Miyazono Kengo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we conducted large‐scale experiments with novel descriptions of determinism. Our goal was to investigate the effects of desires for punishment and comprehension errors on people's intuitions about free will and moral responsibility in deterministic scenarios. Previous research has acknowledged the influence of these factors, but their total effect has not been revealed. Using a large‐scale survey of Japanese participants, we found that the failure to understand causal determination (intrusion) has limited effects relative to other factors and that the conflation of determinism and epiphenomenalism (bypassing) has a significant influence, even when controlling for other variables. This leads to the increased prevalence of incompatibilist responses. Furthermore, our results demonstrated a close association between the attribution of free will/responsibility and retributive desire. While further research is needed to establish the causal relationship between these factors, this association is consistent with Cory Clark and colleagues’ study that increased desire contributes to increased compatibilist responses and their claim that a definitive intuition about free will may be elusive.
IGF2BP3/CTCF Axis–Dependent NT5DC2 Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization to Enhance the Malignant Progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sun Jifeng , Wang Hao , Zhang Ran , Sun Xiaoxuan , Wu Zhanbo , Wang Jun , Wang Yuwen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a type of lung cancer that develops in the squamous cells. It is known to be promoted by the activation of various signaling pathways and the dysregulation of key regulatory molecules. One such molecule, 5′‐nucleotidase domain containing 2 (NT5DC2), has been identified as a critical regulator in various cancers including lung cancer. However, there are no data regarding its role in LUSC.MethodsThe mRNA expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA–binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF), and NT5DC2 was analyzed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), whereas their protein expression was assessed using a western blotting assay. Cell proliferation was determined using a cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Cell apoptosis, CD11b expression, and CD206 expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Tube formation was assessed through a tube formation assay. Glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels were measured using colorimetric methods. The effect of NT5DC2 on the malignant progression of LUSC cells was analyzed using a xenograft mouse model assay. The levels of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The associations among IGF2BP3, CTCF and NT5DC2 were identified using dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and m6A RNA immunoprecipitation assay.ResultsThe expression of NT5DC2 was found to be upregulated in LUSC tissues and cells when compared with normal lung tissues and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Silencing of NT5DC2 inhibited LUSC cell proliferation, tube formation, glycolysis, M2 macrophage polarization, and tumor formation while inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, CTCF was found to transcriptionally activate NT5DC2 in LUSC cells. IGF2BP3 stabilized the mRNA expression of CTCF through m6A methylation. Further, overexpression of CTCF or NT5DC2 attenuated the effects of IGF2BP3 silencing in both NCI‐520 and SK‐MES‐1 cells.ConclusionThe IGF2BP3/CTCF axis–dependent NT5DC2 promotes M2 macrophage polarization, thereby enhancing the malignant progression of LUSC. This study was the first to reveal the role of NT5DC2 in LUSC and the underlying mechanism. The result suggests that targeting the IGF2BP3/CTCF/NT5DC2 axis may have clinical significance in the treatment of LUSC.
Scaling‐up community‐based resource management in Solomon Islands
Authors: van der Ploeg Jan , Sukulu Meshach , Govan Hugh , Eriksson Hampus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis perspective reflects on conservation efforts to increase the coverage of marine protected areas in Solomon Islands. We demonstrate that the current model in which international conservation NGOs provide technical and financial support to pilot projects, from which community‐based resource management will spontaneously spread, is misguided. These site‐based projects typically require substantial financial resources, ignore external threats to coastal ecosystems, and tend to bypass existing governance structures, which makes replication in other areas highly problematic. We argue that to effectively support indigenous peoples and local communities in the management of marine resources and, thereby, achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes at scale, it is necessary to move away from site‐based conservation projects and focus instead on strengthening the capability of government agencies.
Food insecurity, xenophobia, and political legitimacy: exploring the links in post‐COVID‐19 South Africa
Authors: Dlamini Khulekani T. , Hull Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFood insecurity in South Africa was critical prior to the COVID‐19 outbreak, but the problem deepened quickly during the pandemic when government controls caused job losses, a food supply collapse, and escalating hunger. The food and fuel price hikes and political instability that followed led to the July 2021 ‘unrest’, which left more than 350 people dead. Behind this lay a crisis within the governing African National Congress. In this paper, we draw on in‐depth interviews and ethnography with individuals working in food‐based livelihoods to investigate how people continued to secure food, and how rural food systems were affected. Against a backdrop of hunger, social unrest, and xenophobic hostility, we consider how people perceive the state in a rural area of KwaZulu‐Natal. We argue that weak governing institutions and South Africa's exposure to globally‐triggered spikes in food and fuel prices are leading to food insecurity. Hunger, in turn, is contributing to a crisis of legitimation for the state.
The theory of the MNE@64: Building on Hymer's legacy
Authors: Pitelis Christos , Piteli Eleni E. N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe look at the past, present and possible futures of the theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE). We argue that the modern theory of the MNE, propounded by Stephen Hymer, viewed rivalry reduction and/through the internalization of advantages by firms as a strategy to acquire market power. Hymer anticipated the modern theory of the domestic firm and strategic management and later the transaction costs‐focused ‘internalization theory’. While ‘internalization theory’ focused on efficiency, Hymer viewed efficiency and market power as complementary. His theory of the MNE was influential in the development of International Business scholarship and has itself developed through cross‐fertilization with adjacent fields. It has significant scope for further development by leveraging resource‐based, international entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities ideas. It faces technical and substantive challenges, notably that its focus on the sustainability of firm‐level competitive advantage underplays wider multilevel environmental, economic and social sustainability challenges.
Different habitat use of two Cybister (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) species larvae in a paddy field water system
Authors: Fukuoka Taichi , TAMURA Ryo , OHBA Shin‐ya , YUMA Masahide 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, it has been suggested that Cybister tripunctatus lateralis is increasing in abundance and expanding its distribution, and there is concern about the effects of interspecific competition with another congeneric species, Cybister brevis. Although the two species appear to have overlapping niches, they are often observed sympatrically. Larval habitat use by the two species was investigated in a paddy field water system. The results display that C. brevis was more abundant in ditches and C. tripunctatus lateralis was more abundant in paddy fields. It is thought that C. tripunctatus lateralis, which has an ecology suited to high temperatures, has selected paddy fields, where water temperatures tend to rise, as its reproductive habitat. In contrast, phenology was generally synchronized, and no differences in underwater position in the rice paddies were observed. Thus, niches overlap in paddy fields and interspecific competition may occur.
Genetics in the Ocean's Twilight Zone: Population Structure of the Glacier Lanternfish Across Its Distribution Range
Authors: Quintela María , García‐Seoane Eva , Dahle Geir , Klevjer Thor A. , Melle Webjørn , Lille‐Langøy Roger , Besnier François , Tsagarakis Konstantinos , Geoffroy Maxime , Rodríguez‐Ezpeleta Naiara , Jacobsen Eugenie , Côté David , Knutar Sofie , Unneland Laila , Strand Espen , Glover Kevin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe mesopelagic zone represents one of the few habitats that remains relatively untouched from anthropogenic activities. Among the many species inhabiting the north Atlantic mesopelagic zone, glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) is the most abundant and widely distributed. This species has been regarded as a potential target for a dedicated fishery despite the scarce knowledge of its population genetic structure. Here, we investigated its genetic structure across the North Atlantic and into the Mediterranean Sea using 121 SNPs, which revealed strong differentiation among three main groups: the Mediterranean Sea, oceanic samples, and Norwegian fjords. The Mediterranean samples displayed less than half the genetic variation of the remaining ones. Very weak or nearly absent genetic structure was detected among geographically distinct oceanic samples across the North Atlantic, which contrasts with the low motility of the species. In contrast, a longitudinal gradient of differentiation was observed in the Mediterranean Sea, where genetic connectivity is known to be strongly shaped by oceanographic processes such as current patterns and oceanographic discontinuities. In addition, 12 of the SNPs, in linkage disequilibrium, drove a three clusters' pattern detectable through Principal Component Analysis biplot matching the genetic signatures generally associated with large chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions. The arrangement of this putative inversion showed frequency differences between open‐ocean and more confined water bodies such as the fjords and the Mediterranean, as it was fixed in the latter for the second most common arrangement of the fjord's samples. However, whether genetic differentiation was driven by local adaptation, secondary contact, or a combination of both factors remains undetermined. The major finding of this study is that B. glaciale in the North Atlantic‐Mediterranean is divided into three major genetic units, information that should be combined with demographic properties to outline the management of this species prior to any eventual fishery attempt.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors for First‐Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ouyang Mengling , Zou Shupeng , Cheng Qian , Shi Xuan , Sun Minghui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGiven the increasing antibiotic resistance and the inadequate acid‐suppressing effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), it is crucial to continuously optimize existing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker (P‐CAB)‐based eradication regimens compared with traditional PPI‐based regimens for the initial treatment of H. pylori.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis, searching seven electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating initial P‐CAB‐based H. pylori eradication therapy. The primary outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and patient compliance. We synthesized the effect sizes of the trials using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 54 RCTs involving 15,320 patients (74.9% male, mean age 30.2 years) were included in this study. In the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, VPZ‐HD‐dual, VPZ‐triple, and VPZ‐quadruple regimens demonstrated significantly higher eradication rates than PPI‐triple, PPI‐quadruple, and VPZ‐dual regimens. Similar trends were observed in the per‐protocol (PP) analysis. Subgroup analysis indicated that poor patient compliance significantly reduced eradication rates. Resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole significantly weakened the eradication effects of PPI‐triple, TPZ‐triple, and VPZ‐triple regimens. Additionally, the eradication rates for 7‐day regimens were significantly lower than those for 14‐day or 10‐day regimens, but there was no significant difference between the eradication rates of 10‐day and 14‐day regimens. Notably, the risk of adverse events with VPZ‐HD‐dual was significantly lower than with VPZ‐quadruple.ConclusionVonoprazan combined with high‐dose amoxicillin dual therapy not only provides satisfactory eradication rates but also exhibits lower adverse event rates and good patient compliance, indicating its potential as a promising regimen for further promotion.
Burden of liver steatosis and liver fibrosis in a large cohort of people living with HIV
Authors: Laguno Montserrat , de Lazzari Elisa , Berrocal Leire , Inciarte Alexy , Martínez‐Rebollar Maria , de la Mora Lorena , Torres Berta , Gonzalez‐Cordón Ana , Chivite Ivan , Foncillas Alberto , Calvo Júlia , Sempere Abiu , Ambrosioni Juan , Blanco Jose Luís , Miro J. M. , Mallolas Josep , Martínez Esteban 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiver steatosis (LS) and liver fibrosis (LF) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV, but their prevalence and associated factors are poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with LS and LF in a large cohort of people with HIV.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of consecutive people with HIV attending the Clinic of Barcelona from September 2022 to September 2023, excluding those with chronic B or/and C hepatitis virus coinfection. LS was assessed using the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI), and LF was assessed using the Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS), Fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), and the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) algorithm in both the whole cohort (cohort 1) and in a specific cohort more susceptible to liver disease (cohort 2). We identified independent variables associated with LS and LF using logistic regression.ResultsCohort 1 included 4664 people with HIV; 76% and 37% of them had available HSI and FLI data, LS was present in 28% and 19%, respectively. LF risk was present in 1%, 2%, and 1% of people with HIV according to NFS, FIB‐4, and EACS algorithm scores, respectively. Cohort 2 included 1345 people with HIV; 60% and 30% of them had available HSI and FLI data, LS affected 55% and 43% and LF 2%, 5%, or 3%, respectively. Factors associated with LS included current CD4 cell count, diabetes, and hypertension, whereas LF was associated with previous exposure to dideoxynucleoside drugs and current CD4 to LF. Current integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) therapy appeared protective for LF in cohort 1.ConclusionsIn this study, one in four people with HIV had LS, and the prevalence rose to one in two in those with cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of LF was low, but it should be considered in older people with HIV with low CD4 counts or high aspartate transaminase levels. A possible protective effect from INSTIs deserves further investigation.
Effects of single‐ and double‐shift work on hand and cognitive functions in nurses
Authors: Ulupinar Fadime , Meler Sibel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine the influence of single and double‐shift work schedules on hand function and cognitive capacities, specifically working memory, attention, and response time in nurses.BackgroundShift work, particularly in extended formats, is known to affect various physical and cognitive functions critical to nursing duties. Understanding these impacts is vital for managing nurse schedules to minimize health risks and maximize performance.IntroductionWith an increase in demands on healthcare systems, nurses often endure prolonged working hours, which may impair their cognitive and manual abilities, thereby affecting patient care quality.MethodsThis study involved 45 nurses aged 20–40 years from shift‐oriented units providing direct patient care. Hand function was assessed using the Nine‐Hole Peg Test (9‐HPT). Cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and response time were evaluated using the digit span task and the Stroop test, respectively. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, assessing the interactions of time and shift type, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.Results or findingsThe results revealed significant changes in all tested variables between pre‐ and post‐shift assessments and between single and double‐shift conditions. Notably, the double‐shift work significantly exacerbated declines in all measured functions.DiscussionThese findings suggest that double shifts may intensify the deterioration of essential nursing skills, potentially compromising patient care.Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policyThis study underscores the detrimental effects of extended shift work on nurses' cognitive and manual functions. These insights should guide healthcare institutions in revising nurse scheduling practices to safeguard their well‐being and maintain high standards of patient care.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: A Narrative Review
Authors: Satish Vikyath , Maliha Maisha , Chi Kuan‐Yu , Kharawala Amrin , Seo Jiyoung , Apple Samuel , Alhuarrat Majd Al Deen , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Di Biase Luigi , Krumerman Andrew , Ferrick Kevin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAtrial and ventricular arrhythmias are common in patients with Infiltrative heart diseases. This review discusses ablative techniques for arrhythmias in amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and glycogen storage disorders, primarily focusing on atrial fibrillation (AF). A thorough literature review was conducted on the MEDLINE database to synthesize current knowledge and propose future research directions. AF is the most common arrhythmia identified in patients with amyloidosis due to cellular infiltration and atrial dilation. While catheter ablation is associated with a significantly lower rate of all‐cause mortality and admission rate, conflicting data exist regarding the higher risk of pericardial effusion, in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. Cardiac sarcoid predisposes AF due to granulomas, atrial dilation, and scarring. Studies demonstrate encouraging outcomes and low recurrence rates in these patients who undergo ablation for AF, with no difference in complications compared to those without sarcoidosis. AF is the most common arrhythmia in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), secondary to increased myocardial iron stores and elevated oxidative stress, and is primarily managed by chelation. Scant reports regarding ablation are described for HH and glycogen storage disorders. Catheter ablation is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of AF in infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Future large‐scale trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of uncertainties in breach location and breach mechanisms on risk‐related classification of off‐stream reservoirs
Authors: Silva‐Cancino Nathalia , Alfonso Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOff‐stream reservoirs are artificial water storage structures that increase the flood risk of an area. In some places, related risk reduction plans are based on a risk classification of these structures, which follows local water resource management regulations. These classification methods typically follow deterministic qualitative guidelines that do not account for uncertainties. This study introduces a fourth‐step probabilistic approach that accounts for uncertainties related to simultaneous breach formation and breaking point location of off‐stream reservoirs, and proposes an alternative visualisation for their classification. The methodology is applied to a set of Spanish off‐stream reservoirs that are classified according to the Spanish normative. Results show that different breaking points and breach formations generate diverse classifications that can affect risk reduction plans. Additionally, we demonstrate that the proposed visualisation can be used for various purposes, including the case of the evolution of the categorisation in time, due to land use changes, which could be used by decision‐makers to understand which off‐stream reservoir requires a category update. These findings introduce a novel approach to managing uncertainties, which is crucial for developing resilient flood management strategies and contributes to the innovation discourse in flood risk management.