bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hoffa fracture of the femoral condyle
Authors: Zhou Yabin , Pan Ying , Wang Qingxian , Hou Zhiyong , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
Hoffa fractures are coronal-plane fractures of the femoral condyle, which are rarer than sagittal-plane condylar fractures. This study aimed to systematically review the clinical knowledge base of Hoffa fractures to facilitate the diagnosis and management of such injuries.

Methods:
We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biology Medicine disc, using the terms “Hoffa fracture” and “coronal fracture of femoral condyle.”

Results:
One hundred five articles on Hoffa fractures were reviewed, and the clinical knowledge base was summarized. High-energy trauma is a common cause of a Hoffa fracture, although low-energy trauma and iatrogenic injury can also lead to these fractures. Commonly used classifications include the Letenneur classification, a computed tomography (CT) classification, the AO classification, and modified AO classification. Radiography can reveal fracture lines. If radiographic findings are negative in questionable cases, CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed. Nondisplaced fractures can be managed conservatively; however, they involve a high risk of redisplacement. Open reduction and internal fixation are preferred. For young patients with good compliance, simple medial or lateral condylar fractures can be treated via a medial or lateral parapatellar approach. After fracture exposure, headless compression screws can be inserted perpendicularly to the fracture line from posterior to anterior. For bicondylar fractures, a median parapatellar incision can be used. For complex fractures in patients with osteoporosis or a high body mass index, cannulated screws with antigliding plate fixation should be used.

Conclusion:
Here, we summarized the injury mechanism, diagnosis, classification, and treatment options of Hoffa fractures.
Change of HER2 status during disease recurrence predicts good prognosis for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Cao Yong , Yue Yeli , Zhou Xin , luo Jie , Zeng Xiaohua , Dong JuanHui , Liang Xinrui 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the breast is one of the least common types of breast cancer. Adjuvant treatment for PSCC remains an unresolved issue.

Patient concerns:
We reported a case of a 48-year-old postmenopausal female patients with a 2 × 2.5 cm lump presented with no symptoms.

Diagnoses:
This patient was diagnosed as PSCC of the breast. The original tumor and first recurrence exhibited triple negative phenotype, whereas the second recurrence was HER2-positive.

Interventions:
A tumorectomy with latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction for the second recurrence was performed followed by targeted therapy with trastuzumab.

Outcomes:
The patient had a complete remission, which was sustained over the 25 months of follow-up after the tumorectomy.

Lessons:
This is the first reported case in literature of a breast PSCC patient with switched immunohistochemical phenotypes during disease recurrence. Surgical resection with flap reconstruction and targeted therapy successfully treated the recurrence.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the seminal vesicle
Authors: Zhao Ru , Shan Yanqi , Zou Liwei , Zhao Hong , Zheng Suisheng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an unusual neoplasm, especially when it originates from the seminal vesicle. Herein, we describe a case of SFT that arises from the seminal vesicle.

Patient concerns:
A 66-year-old man presented to our hospital complaining of a huge irregular tumor in his pelvis during a health checkup. He was worried that the tumor could be a malignant tumor and hence wanted to undergo further examination and therapy.

Diagnosis:
An inhomogeneous, mixed soft tissue tumor in the pelvis was found during computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor showed heterogeneous and delayed enhancement during contrast-enhanced CT. The tumor was diagnosed as a cystadenoma originated from the seminal vesicle due to its imaging features. But the pathological diagnosis was SFT that originated from the seminal vesicle.

Interventions:
Laparoscopic seminal vesicle tumor resection was performed.

Outcomes:
There was no evidence of recurrence at the 6-month follow-up.

Lessons:
SFT in the seminal vesicle is extremely rare. It is very difficult to distinguish SFT in the seminal vesicle from the primary tumors as both have similar imaging features. We describe the tumor with SFT being considered as a differential diagnosis when the tumor is found in the seminal vesicle.
Spontaneous regression of herniated nucleus pulposus
Authors: Turk Okan , Antar Veysel , Yaldiz Can 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Lumbar disc hernia is common disease, affecting about 5% of the population. Many studies to date reported regression of disc herniation without surgical intervention.
Medical records of the patients who applied to the spine clinic in an outpatient setting were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, radiological findings, neurological examinations, and medical treatments of the patients were evaluated.
Male patients constituted 52.6% of the cases (n = 40) and 47.4% (n = 36) were female. The ages of the patients ranged from 25 to 82 years, with a mean of 48.5 ± 12.1 years. Visual analog scale (VAS) measurements ranged from 0 to 8 and the mean was determined as 2.65 ± 1.98. The VAS score of pain severity of 12 (15.78%) cases was 0, VAS score of 39 (51.31%) cases was 1 to 3, VAS score of 20 (26.31%) cases was 4 to 6, VAS score of 5 (6.57%) cases was 7 to 10. Eighteen (23.68%) of the cases underwent neuropathic pain treatment for more than 6 months. Fifteen (19.7%) patients also developed permanent motor deficits.
Findings of our study show that there was no direct association between radiological improvement and clinical improvement. Indication for surgery still existed in a high number of patients, substantial of which developed permanent motor deficits. Current results suggest that we need to advise our patients in favor of early surgery as soon as indication for surgery is established upon neurological and radiological examination.
Effectiveness of Bazhengsan formula as an adjunctive therapy to ceftriaxone for female patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea
Authors: Li Ning , Li Li 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasible effectiveness and safety of Bazhengsan formula (BZSF) as an adjunctive therapy to ceftriaxone for female patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea.

Methods:
This pilot randomized controlled trial compared BZSF as an adjunctive therapy to ceftriaxone with ceftriaxone alone for Chinese female patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea. A total of 40 eligible patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group (received BZSF and ceftriaxone) or a control group (received ceftriaxone alone). All patients in both groups were treated for a total of 10 days. The primary outcome included bacteriological cure. It was assessed by the eradication of urogenital gonorrhea at any site cultured after taken the study medications. The secondary outcome was clinical response. For the safety assessment, adverse events were recorded during the study period.

Results:
After treatment, patients in both groups achieved promising effectiveness. However, no significant differences in bacteriological cure (P = .34), clinical response (P = .11), and safety were found between 2 groups.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study showed that BZSF as an adjunctive therapy to ceftriaxone may be not superior to the ceftriaxone alone for Chinese female patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea after 10 days treatment.
Cerebral microbleeds in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease taking aspirin or clopidogrel
Authors: Ge Lihong , Ouyang Xuehui , Ban Chao , Yu Haixia , Wu Qiong , Wu Hui , Liang Junguo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) may be markers of intracerebral bleeding risk in patients receiving antithrombotic drugs. This study aimed to analyze CMBs and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients taking aspirin or clopidogrel.
This retrospective study included patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease administered 75 mg/day aspirin (n = 150) or clopidogrel (n = 150, matched for age and gender) for >1 year (Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, China, from July, 2010 to July, 2015). Patients underwent T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and enhanced T2∗-weighted angiography (ESWAN) imaging (3.0-Tesla scanner). Baseline vascular risk factors for CMBs and macroscopic bleeding (MB) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.
The aspirin and clopidogrel groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics or prevalences of CMBs or MB. The odds of MB were higher in patients with CMBs than in patients without CMBs in both the aspirin (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 4.09, 1.93–8.68; P < .001) and clopidogrel (6.42, 2.83–14.57; P < .001) groups. The odds of WMHs were also higher in patients with CMBs in both the aspirin (3.28, 1.60–6.71; P = .001) and clopidogrel (4.09, 1.91–8.75; P < .001) groups. Patients receiving treatment for >5 years showed elevated risk of CMBs in the aspirin (0.17; 0.09–0.36; P < .001) and clopidogrel (0.15, 0.07–0.33; P < .001) groups as well as higher odds of MB in the aspirin (0.34, 0.16–0.71; P = .004) and clopidogrel (0.37, 0.17–0.80; P = .010) groups.
The WMHs and MB were associated with CMBs in patients taking aspirin or clopidogrel for >1 year, and long-term use increased the risks of CMB and bleeding.
The effect of pre-hospital intubation on prognosis in infants, children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Guo Yichen , Li Ruilin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death and sources of heavy societal burden. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia are the 2 common complications of brain injury. Intubation seems to be an effective intervention for preventing the 2 complications in pre-hospital setting. But the results of the existing studies on the effect of pre-hospital intubation on prognosis of patients (aged less than 18) with severe traumatic brain injury are conflict. Thus, in this study, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether pre-hospital intubation is benefit for the prognosis in infants, children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods:
We will develop a systematic search strategy which includes MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be searched for the ongoing studies as well. The cohort studies which aim to evaluate the effect of pre-hospital intubation for infants, children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury will be selected. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used for assessing the risk of bias of the included studies.

Results:
The results of this study will be presented in the full-text of the systematic review.

Conclusion:
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis about evaluation of the effect of pre-hospital intubation on prognosis in infants, children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury.

PRESPERO registration number:
CRD42019121214
Co-alteration of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shin Hong-Joon , Kho Bo Gun , Kim Min-Seok , Park Ha Young , Kim Tae-Ok , Kim Yu-Il , Lim Sung-Chul , Park Cheol-Kyu , Kim Young-Chul , Choi Yoo-Duk , Oh In-Jae 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Current guidelines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recommend the use of targeted agents for specific driver genes after confirming genetic alterations. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement are usually mutually exclusive, EGFR and ALK co-alterations have been reported increasingly in cases of NSCLC. However, the optimal treatment for these cases has not been established.

Patient concerns:
This case series describes three patients diagnosed with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who harbored EGFR and ALK co-alterations. The complaints for each case are as follows: 57-year-old woman with coughing and dyspnea in case 1, 32-year-old man with diplopia in case 2 and 77-year-old woman with chest discomfort in case 3.

Diagnoses:
Three never-smokers were diagnosed pathologically with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung. Subsequent molecular studies revealed the EGFR L858R mutation gene and ALK rearrangement, which were proven by real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively.

Interventions:
All 3 patients received first-line therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Cases 1 and 2 were treated with ALK-TKIs as second-line therapy and received additional EGFR-TKIs as third- and fourth-line regimens.

Outcomes:
The patients achieved partial responses to EGFR-TKIs according to radiologic findings. However, second-line ALK-TKI therapy was ineffective in cases 1 and 2.

Lessons:
Cases of NSCLC with concomitant EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement are rare, and the selection of an optimal targeted therapy is challenging. Here, EGFR-TKI appeared to yield better outcomes than ALK-TKI in patients with NSCLC who harbored EGFR/ALK co-alterations.
Diagnostic value of cadmium-zinc-telluride myocardial perfusion imaging versus coronary angiography in coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang Yi-Qing , Jiang Yu-Feng , Hong Lu , Chen Min , Zhang Nan-Nan , Yang Hua-Jia , Zhou Ya-Feng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
Rapid progress has been made in research of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) technology in the last few years, which might serve as a new method to diagnose coronary artery disease. However, compared with coronary angiography, the diagnostic value of CZT is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate diagnosis value of coronary angiography versus CZT in coronary artery disease.

Methods:
We searched the database for eligible researches associated with CZT- myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and invasive coronary angiography, extracted the relevant data, and rigorously screened it according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The accuracy indicators included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratios.

Results:
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we finally found 20 studies containing 2350 patients in this search. Pooled results showed that sensitivity of CZT-MPI was 0.84% and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.78 to 0.89, specificity was 0.72, 95% CI (0.62–0.76), the specificity was lower apparently. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.0, 95% CI (2.4–3.8), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.22, 95% CI (0.16–0.31), diagnostic odds ratio was 14, 95% CI (7.84–17.42).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed that CZT-MPI had satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing coronary artery disease. Larger studies are required for further evaluation.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Shaojun , Tang Tian , Guo Pengfei , Zou Qing , Ao Xiaoxiao , Hu Lan , Tan Liping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
To understand the clinical outcomes of selenium therapy in patients with sepsis syndrome, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Methods:
A total of 13 RCTs comparing selenium and placebo for patients with sepsis were reviewed systematically.

Results:
However, we could not detect the association of selenium treatment with a decreased mortality at different time course (relative risk [RR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.94 [0.82–1.06] at day 28; 0.73 [0.36–1.47] at day 90; 1.16 [0.78–1.71] at 6 months; respectively). Selenium supplementation did not show favorable efficacy in the incidence of renal failure, secondary infection or duration of mechanical ventilation (RR [95% CI]: 0.65 [0.41–1.03]; 0.96 [0.87–1.06]; standard mean difference [SMD] [95% CI]: 0.17 [−0.30–0.63]; respectively). Interestingly, we found that selenium therapy was benefit for sepsis patients with reduced duration of vasopressor therapy, staying time in intensive care unit and hospital, and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (SMD [95% CI]: −0.75 [−1.37 to −0.13]; −0.15 [CI: −0.25 to −0.04]; −1.22 [−2.44 to −0.01]; RR [95% CI]: 0.61 [0.42–0.89]; respectively).

Conclusion:
Based on our findings, intravenous selenium supplementation could not be suggested for routine use.
Impact of diabetes duration on heart failure in Korean patients without clinical cardiovascular disease
Authors: Noh Minsu , Kwon Hyunwook , Jung Chang Hee , Lee Seung-Whan , Lee Jong-Young , Kim Min-Ju , Han Youngjin , Kwon Tae-Won , Cho Yong-Pil 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between diabetes duration and the subsequent occurrence of heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical cardiovascular disease.
In this single-center, observational cohort study, a total of 3724 T2DM patients were stratified by diabetes duration into three 5-year interval subgroups. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of new-onset HF and all-cause mortality.
HF incidence (P < .001) and mortality (P = .001) were significantly higher in patients with a longer duration of diabetes (≥10 years) than in those with a shorter duration (<5 years). On multivariate analysis, diabetes duration ≥10 years was not independently associated with all-cause mortality compared with duration < 5 years, but there was a nonsignificant increased risk of HF in patients with a diabetes duration ≥10 years (P = .056). Poor glycemic control was associated with an increased risk of HF and mortality; statin use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of mortality.
Our study indicated that a longer duration of diabetes is associated with an increased risk of new-onset HF occurrence and all-cause mortality in T2DM patients without clinical cardiovascular disease.
Incidence, Persistence, Clearance, and Correlates of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection and Anogenital Warts in a Cohort of Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa
Authors: Chikandiwa Admire , Pisa Pedro T. , Muller Etienne E. , Tamalet Catherine , Mayaud Philippe , Chersich Matthew F. , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence; persistence and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and anogenital warts (AGW) among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (MLHIV).MethodsOverall, 304 MLHIV 18 years or older were enrolled and attended follow-up visits at 6, 12, and 18 months. Clinicians examined for AGW, collected blood, and penile swabs for HPV testing (Roche Linear Array) at each visit. Time to AGW incidence or clearance was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with persistent HPV infection and AGW clearance were evaluated with generalized estimating equations and Cox regression, respectively.ResultsMean age of participants was 38 years (standard deviation, 8 years); 25% reported more than 1 sexual partner in the past 3 months. Most (65%) participants were on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with a median CD4+count of 445 cells/μL (interquartile range, 328–567). Prevalence of HPV infection and AGW at enrolment were 79% (224 of 283) and 12% (36 of 304), respectively. Two hundred fifty-nine men were followed up for a median (interquartile range) 1.4 years (0.5–1.7 years). Incidence of any-genital HPV infection was 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–5.5) per 100 person-years. Persistence of any-genital HPV infection was 35% (68 of 192) and was higher among MLHIV with low CD4+count (adjusted odds ratio, 3.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–6.05). Incidence of AGW was 1.4 per 100 person-years. Men living with human immunodeficiency virus with high CD4+count were more likely to clear AGW than those with low CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–9.47). No associations were observed between persistent genital HPV infection, AGW clearance with enrolment ART status or duration.ConclusionsHuman immunodeficiency virus–positive men have a high burden of genital HPV infection and AGW. The ART and HPV vaccine could reduce this burden.
The Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Symptomatic Patients, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2014
Authors: Mahlangu Mahlape P. , Müller Etienne E. , Venter Johanna M.E. , Maseko Dumisile V. , Kularatne Ranmini S. 
Published: February 2019

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with genital discharge syndrome, but limited prevalence data are available in South Africa. The prevalence rates of M. genitalium infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection were determined in urogenital specimens collected from male and female patients presenting with genital discharge syndrome to a primary health care center in Johannesburg, South Africa from 2007 through 2014.

Methods
Genital specimens from 4731 patients were tested by a validated in-house multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and M. genitalium. Sera were tested for HIV infection using the Determine HIV 1/2 and Unigold assays.

Results
The relative prevalence of M. genitalium in males and females was 8.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV infection in those infected with M. genitalium, without other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), was significantly higher than in those without M. genitalium infection (48.9% vs. 40.5%, P = 0.014). This significant difference in HIV seroprevalence was particularly observed among females in the study cohort.

Conclusions
The relative prevalence of M. genitalium and its association with prevalent HIV among females with vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) calls for further research on the potential role of M. genitalium in the transmission and acquisition of HIV.