bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects of Walking on the Deformation of Femoral Articular Cartilage in Older Adults
Authors: Ho Kai-Yu , McClaren Jayson , Sudweeks Skyler 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose:Although discomfort during walking is a common complaint in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA), how an acute bout of walking affects femoral cartilage remains unclear. Current literature has suggested that frontal plane knee malalignment (ie, varus and valgus) is associated with the initiation and/or progression of knee OA. However, the association between knee alignment and femoral cartilage deformation after an acute bout of loading has not yet been investigated. This study was aimed to compare the acute effects of walking on femoral cartilage deformation between older adults with and without knee OA. We also examined the association between frontal plane knee alignment and loading-induced femoral cartilage deformation.Methods:Ten persons without OA (Kellgren Lawrence grading = 0 or 1; 5 females and 5 males; 55.0 [1.8] years of age; 78.8 [14.1] kg; 1.8 [0.2] m) and 9 persons with OA (Kellgren Lawrence grading ≥2; 4 females and 5 males; 55.6 [4.5] years of age; 97.4 [15.0] kg; 1.7 [0.1] m) participated. Each participant underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and immediately after 30 minutes of fast walking at 3 to 4 miles per hour. To obtain cartilage deformation postwalking, the medial and lateral femoral cartilage of the weight-bearing areas was segmented on participants' magnetic resonance imaging. Cartilage thickness was quantified by computing the average perpendicular distance between opposing voxels defining the edges of the femoral cartilage. Cartilage deformation of the medial and lateral femurs was defined as the percent changes in cartilage thickness after walking. Frontal plane knee alignment was obtained by measuring the angle between the long axes of femur and tibia. Independentttests were used to compare cartilage deformation between the 2 groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the association between cartilage deformation and knee alignment.Results and Discussion:There was no significant difference in cartilage deformation between the OA and control groups in lateral (P= .69) or medial (P= .87) femur. A significant correlation was found between lateral femoral cartilage deformation and increased knee valgus alignment (r= 0.497;P= .03). No difference was found between medial femoral cartilage deformation and frontal plane knee alignment (r= 273;P= .26).Conclusions:This is the first study comparing the acute effects of walking on femoral cartilage deformation between older adults with and without knee OA. Although there was not a difference in walking-induced femoral cartilage deformation between the OA and control groups, knee valgus was related to lateral femoral cartilage deformation after walking. Our findings suggested that walking exercises may be used safely in older adults without knee malalignment.
Sex Comparison of Knee Extensor Size, Strength, and Fatigue Adaptation to Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Bagley Liam , Al-Shanti Nasser , Bradburn Steven , Baig Osamah , Slevin Mark , McPhee Jamie S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Bagley, L, Al-Shanti, N, Bradburn, S, Baig, O, Slevin, M, and McPhee, JS. Sex comparison of knee extensor size, strength, and fatigue adaptation to sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 64–71, 2021—Regular sprint interval training (SIT) improves whole-body aerobic capacity and muscle oxidative potential, but very little is known about knee extensor anabolic or fatigue resistance adaptations, or whether effects are similar for men and women. The purpose of this study was to compare sex-related differences in knee extensor size, torque-velocity relationship, and fatigability adaptations to 12-week SIT. Sixteen men and 15 women (mean [SEM] age: 41 [±2.5] years) completed measurements of total body composition assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSAQ) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, the knee extensor torque-velocity relationship (covering 0–240°·s−1) and fatigue resistance, which was measured as the decline in torque from the first to the last of 60 repeated concentric knee extensions performed at 180°·s−1. Sprint interval training consisted of 4 × 20-second sprints on a cycle ergometer set at an initial power output of 175% of power at V̇o
2max, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area increased by 5% (p = 0.023) and fatigue resistance improved 4.8% (p = 0.048), with no sex differences in these adaptations (sex comparisons: p = 0.140 and p = 0.282, respectively). Knee extensor isometric and concentric torque was unaffected by SIT in both men and women (p > 0.05 for all velocities). Twelve-week SIT, totaling 4 minutes of very intense cycling per week, significantly increased fatigue resistance and CSAQ similarly in men and women, but did not significantly increase torque in men or women. These results suggest that SIT is a time-effective training modality for men and women to increase leg muscle size and fatigue resistance.
Automatic Static and Cyclic Shear Testing Machine under Constant Normal Stiffness Boundary Conditions
Authors: Niktabar S. M. Mahdi , Rao K. Seshagiri , Shrivastava Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Dynamic loads, including earthquake, blasting, and vibration loads, induce cyclic shear loads along the joints in rock masses; hence, the risk of failure increases on the joints due to changing shear resistance. On the other hand, joints are under different boundary conditions: constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS). Normal stiffness increases on the joints with increasing depth, and it can affect shear resistance. For an accurate assessment of joint shear resistance under varying normal stiffness and number of cycles, advanced laboratory shear apparatus is essential for the shear test. Conventional direct shear apparatuses have limitations such as boundary conditions, working under monotonic (static) shear loads only, or cyclic shear loads with no change of frequency and amplitude of shear loads. Therefore, a new large-scale servo-controlled direct shear testing machine was developed to conduct cyclic shear test (as well as monotonic shear test) under CNL and CNS boundary conditions with varying normal stiffness at different frequencies and amplitudes of shear loads. In the present study, the cyclic shear tests were conducted on nonplanar joints under varying normal stiffness. Moreover, the effects of different frequencies and amplitudes of shear loads were investigated. The test results indicate that peak shear stress increases with increasing normal stiffness at the first cycle, but the influence of normal stiffness decreases with an increase in the number of shear cycles. The frequency of shear load influences peak shear stress, i.e., peak shear stress increases with increasing frequency. The number of cycles does not affect peak shear stress on the joints at low shear amplitude, but peak shear stress decreases with higher amplitude.
Seal Strength Evaluation of Flexible Plastic Films by Machine Testing and Human Peeling
Authors: Nilmanee Somporn , Jinkarn Tunyarut , Jarupan Lerpong , Pisuchpen Supachai , Yoxall Alaster 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The seal strength of flexible packaging indicates both functional performance and the ease of opening. This research aims to compare the seal peeling mechanisms evaluated by human participants and standard machine tests. The tests were conducted on flexible films used for typical packaging applications, including low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and nylon/LLDPE. Human peeling was simulated through the use of novel force measurement equipment. The results showed that the maximum machine peel force set by standard test methods was generally lower than the human peel force for most sealing temperatures. In all film types no significant difference was shown between genders, although for people over 65 years of age, peel force was generally lower than for the younger cohort. The results also indicated that peeling speed of human participants was normally higher than the peeling speed set according to the machine test standard.
A Design of an Instrument Based on a Piezoelectric Actuator to Study the Force Output of Piezoelectric Ceramic
Authors: Pei Zhichao , Rong Weibin , Wang Lefeng , Wang Shupeng , Sun Lining 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The conventional methods to measure the force output of piezoelectric ceramic are imprecise. This article proposes an instrument based on a piezoelectric actuator to study the force output of piezoelectric ceramic. This instrument mainly consists of a flexible hinge structure based on a piezoelectric actuator, a pair of support structures, and a precise signal test system. A method including a displacement control system is newly introduced. A corresponding mechanical structure is designed to test its performance. Additionally, the physical structures and functional principles of the device are strictly discussed, and the effects of the lean of piezo-slices on the device are also theoretically analyzed. The maximum motion resolution of the device was 30 nm, and the maximum force capacity of the device was 76.4 N. A series of experiments have been done to verify the device could meet the needs of precise positioning with a high resolution and a large load capacity. The relationships between the force output and displacement of piezoelectric stacks and the rectangle of piezoelectric ceramic slices are elucidated. Additionally, the curves of voltage and the maximum force output are presented, accompanied by the uncertainty and error analyses. The experimental results indicate that the force outputs can be precisely measured through the proposed instrument. In comparison with the conventional method, the new instrument measures the maximum force output much more directly and efficiently and obtains the plots of force output–displacement and force output–voltage. To sum up, the new device works more simply and precisely.
Isoflurane Impairs Low-Frequency Feedback but Leaves High-Frequency Feedforward Connectivity Intact in the Fly Brain
Authors: Cohen Dror , van Swinderen Bruno , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHierarchically organized brains communicate through feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways. In mammals, FF and FB are mediated by higher and lower frequencies during wakefulness. FB is preferentially impaired by general anesthetics in multiple mammalian species. This suggests FB serves critical functions in waking brains. The brain ofDrosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) is also hierarchically organized, but the presence of FB in these brains is not established. Here, we studied FB in the fly brain, by simultaneously recording local field potentials (LFPs) from low-order peripheral structures and higher-order central structures. We analyzed the data using Granger causality (GC), the first application of this analysis technique to recordings from the insect brain. Our analysis revealed that low frequencies (0.1–5 Hz) mediated FB from the center to the periphery, while higher frequencies (10–45 Hz) mediated FF in the opposite direction. Further, isoflurane anesthesia preferentially reduced FB. Our results imply that the spectral characteristics of FF and FB may be a signature of hierarchically organized brains that is conserved from insects to mammals. We speculate that general anesthetics may induce unresponsiveness across species by targeting the mechanisms that support FB.
MIB-1 Is Required for Spermatogenesis and Facilitates LIN-12 and GLP-1 Activity inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ratliff Miriam , Hill-Harfe Katherine L , Gleason Elizabeth J , Ling Huiping , Kroft Tim L , L’Hernault Steven W 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCovalent attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins changes their function or marks them for proteolysis, and the specificity of ubiquitin attachment is mediated by the numerous E3 ligases encoded by animals. Mind Bomb is an essential E3 ligase during Notch pathway signaling in insects and vertebrates. While Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a Mind Bomb homolog (mib-1), it has never been recovered in the extensive Notch suppressor/enhancer screens that have identified numerous pathway components. Here, we show that C. elegans mib-1 null mutants have a spermatogenesis-defective phenotype that results in a heterogeneous mixture of arrested spermatocytes, defective spermatids, and motility-impaired spermatozoa. mib-1 mutants also have chromosome segregation defects during meiosis, molecular null mutants are intrinsically temperature-sensitive, and many mib-1 spermatids contain large amounts of tubulin. These phenotypic features are similar to the endogenous RNA intereference (RNAi) mutants, but mib-1 mutants do not affect RNAi. MIB-1 protein is expressed throughout the germ line with peak expression in spermatocytes followed by segregation into the residual body during spermatid formation. C. elegans mib-1 expression, while upregulated during spermatogenesis, also occurs somatically, including in vulva precursor cells. Here, we show that mib-1 mutants suppress both lin-12 and glp-1 (C. elegans Notch) gain-of-function mutants, restoring anchor cell formation and a functional vulva to the former and partly restoring oocyte production to the latter. However, suppressed hermaphrodites are only observed when grown at 25°, and they are self-sterile. This probably explains why mib-1 was not previously recovered as a Notch pathway component in suppressor/enhancer selection experiments.
Construction Management South-Ukrainian and North-Crimean channels in 1950−1953
Authors: Satskyi Pavlo Viktorovych 
Published: March 2018

In the current article the analysis of the mechanisms of the providing of management of the building process of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels in the command-administrative system of USSR during the late Stalinist period has been made. The building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels had a particular political value for USSR in the beginning of 1950s, while the realization of this project was supposed to create the prerequisites for the economic development of the Southern regions of Ukraine (until 1954) and the Northern regions of the Crimea. The General Directorate 'Ukrvodstroy" of the Ministry of Cotton of USSR was supposed to be responsible for the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. However, the Ministry of Cotton as well as other union ministries turned out to be ineffective in the process of administering of "communism construction". On the other hand, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were very effective in providing of the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. Due to the effective activity of the leadership of Ukrainian SSR related to the providing of the building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels, the revival of the social-economic development of the Crimea took place, particularly in the far end regions of the Crimea it happened due to the development of capital investments required for the program of channels building. Thus, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Central Committee of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine was actively expanding its territory competence on the territory of the Crimea.
La incorporación de la cultura y el patrimonio en el desarrollo sostenible: desafíos y posibilidades
Authors: Molina Neira Bárbara Amanda 
Published: March 2018

En este artículo de investigación se debate sobre la integración de la cultura y el patrimonio cultural en el modelo sostenible para la generación e implementación de políticas en beneficio del desarrollo humano. A través de un análisis diacrónico, la investigación toma como caso de estudio el proceso de incorporación de la cultura en el modelo de desarrollo sostenible examinando los debates y cuestiones clave que por más de tres décadas han contribuido al entendimiento de los aportes de la cultura en la sostenibilidad. De este modo, el artículo aporta un marco sintetizado para reflexionar sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones que plantean la cultura y el patrimonio en las diversas agendas para el desarrollo a través de su vinculación con las dinámicas económicas, sociales y medioambientales del desarrollo sostenible.
New records of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) species from&nbsp;Maranh&atilde;o state and northeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Silva Eduardo , Milward‑de-Azevedo Michaele Alvim , Sá Naiara Assunção Sampaio , Sousa Débora Andrade de , Mendes da Coceição Gonçalo 
Published: March 2018

We present here new records of Passiflora (Passifloraceae sensu stricto) species from Maranhão state, Brazil: P. cincinnata Mast., P. picturata Ker Gawl., and P. vespertilio L. This is the first report of occurrence of P. vespertilio tonortheastern Brazil. Our data reinforces the need for more collections in Maranhão, as the great environmental richness of the state is not yet sufficiently studied.
New records of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) for the Turkish fauna
Authors: AYYILDIZ Nusret , TOLUK Ayşe , TAŞDEMİR Abdulkadir , PER Sedat 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the
Turkish oribatid mite fauna. The material is composed of oribatid mite collected from
Artvin province (Turkey) in the years 1992 and 1993. Two oribatid mite species, Cepheus heterosetosus (Sitnikova, 1975)
(Compactozetidae) and Chamobates (Xiphobates) voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902)
(Chamobatidae), are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Their
morphological characters are reviewed on the basis of Turkish samples. In
addition, their zoogeographical distributions are given.
Sources of Conflict in the Middle East: Borders or Stratified Identities?
Authors: Turan Kürşad 
Published: March 2018

Abstract&nbsp;Since the end of Ottoman control, Middle
East has experienced a large number of conflicts. The arrangements made at the
end of World War I are often blamed for these conflicts. Arbitrarily drawn
borders and the creation of influence zones between Great Britain and France
without paying attention to religious and ethnic divisions present in the
region are seen at the source of today’s conflicts. Arangements such as the
Bunsen Committee report, Sykes-Picot agreement, and Hussein-McMahon
correspondence shaped the region after the war, but none of these were
successfully implemented due to changing circumstances, and their contradicting
nature. This study argues that even though these constituted the first step in
the creation of the modern Middle East, the real cause of today’s conflicts lie
in the creation of a stratified politicized identity system that emerged
through stages over the past century. These stages were marked by the conflicts
between Arab nationalism and nation state identities; the politicization of
sectarianism; and finally the emergence of ethnicity in politics.&nbsp;Keywords: Middle East, conflict, Sykes-Picot agreement, Arab nationalism,
sectarianism, ethnicity.
Partition of the Spectra for the Generalized Difference Operator B(r,s) on the Sequence Space cs
Authors: DURNA Nuh , YILDIRIM Mustafa , KILIÇ Rabia 
Published: March 2018

The goal of this study gives the approximate
point spectrum, the defect spectrum and the compression spectrum of generalized
difference operator B (r, s) over the class of
convergent series.
A New Outlook for Almost Convergent Sequence Spaces
Authors: CANDAN Murat 
Published: March 2018

The
point standing out in the present paper is the sequence spaces , and produced
by the domain of the infinite matrix ,
which is defined in the previous study of Candan [2], where the spaces , and ,
respectively, are as presented by G.G. Lorentz utilizing the issue of the
Banach limits (Acta. Math. 80.
1948, 167-190), andis
the double sequential band matrix and G is the generalized weighted mean.
Firstly, it is shown that aforementioned spaces are linearly isomorhic to the
spaces , and ,
respectively. In addition to these, andduals
of the spaces and are given. Beyond them, the classes and of infinite matrices are characterized, where
is a given sequence space.
Investigation of NLO Properties of Pyridine Benzimidazole Derivatives: Ab-Initio Approach
Authors: Üngördü Ayhan 
Published: March 2018

Quantum chemical calculation analyses of
pyridine benzimidazole and their derivatives are done at HF/6-31+G(d) level in
gas phase. Geometric parameters, IR spectrum, 1H- and 13C-NMR
spectrum are calculated at HF/6-31+G(d) level in gas phase and examined in
detail. In addition to these analyses, some quantum chemical descriptors which
are related to non-linear optical (NLO) properties are calculated. Substituent
effect on NLO properties are examined in detail and it is found that methyl
group increases the NLO activity.
Friedrich Schlegel: Sobre o valor estético da comédia grega (1794)
Authors: Medeiros Constantino Luz de 
Published: March 2018

Vom Ästhetischen Werte der Grieschischen Kömodie. Publicado por Johann Biester no ano de 1794 no Berlinische Monatschrift [Revista mensal berlinense]. O texto foi publicado novamente no ano de 1822, com o título ligeiramente alterado para Vom künstlerischen Werte der alten griechischen Komödie [Do valor artístico da antiga comédia grega], nas Sämtliche Werke, as obras completas editadas pelo próprio Schlegel. Esta tradução partiu do texto estabelecido pela edição crítica das obras completas de Friedrich Schlegel organizadas por Ernst Behler, a qual traz as duas variantes. Cf. SCHLEGEL, Friedrich. Kritische-Friedrich-Schlegel-Ausgabe, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1979, p. 19-33. (Volume I).
Textos Maxakali
Authors: Maxakali Etnia 
Published: March 2018

Os Maxakali são um povo indígenas localizado no norte de Minas Gerais, no vale do Mucuri. Falam a língua Maxakali, considerada do tronco linguístico Macro-jê. Hoje estima-se que existam pouco mais de 2000 maxakali. Textos retirados do livro Cantos dos povos morcego e hemex espíritos.
Leia mulheres: Literatura, empoderamento e divulgação da autoria feminina em Goiânia
Authors: Lousa Pilar Lago e , Santos Maria Clara Dunck 
Published: March 2018

Em Um teto todo seu, Virginia Woolf denuncia as limitações de gênero que têm excluído as mulheres do ofício literário. Para descortinar a participação destas na construção da história, surgem iniciativas de resistência ao monopólio intelectual masculino, como o Leia Mulheres, clube de leitura brasileiro fundado a partir da ação #readwomen2014. Incentivar a leitura de obras escritas por mulheres, estimular o aumento da participação delas na literatura e contribuir para uma reorientação do mercado editorial são alguns dos objetivos da iniciativa. Este artigo realiza uma leitura acurada da atuação do Leia Mulheres de Goiânia, em 2016, a fim de verificar as experiências trocadas no clube e de que maneira sua existência pontua questões que permeiam não apenas a relação dos participantes com as obras lidas, mas também o lugar da literatura de autoria feminina, sua importância e resistência em uma sociedade excludente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: autoria feminina; empoderamento de mulheres; leia mulheres; clube de leitura.