bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue life prediction via the time‐dependent evolution of linear and nonlinear mechanical parameters determined via Fourier transform of the stress
Authors: Hirschberg Valerian , Wilhelm Manfred , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a new concept for the lifetime prediction of solid polymers under mechanical fatigue. The time evolution of linear and nonlinear mechanical parameters was studied using polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and styrene‐acrylonitrile (SAN) samples in strain controlled (large amplitude) oscillatory shear (torsion). Higher harmonics of the stress were detected and quantified via Fourier transform (FT). Besides storage and loss modulus (G′, G″), the ratio of the third (I3) harmonic over the fundamental one, I1 (I3/1), was analyzed. After an initial transient period (regime I), the three parameters (G′, G″, and I3/1) linearly de/increase with the cycle number (N) (regime II) before failure onset (regime III) occurs. In regime II, the absolute values of the rates of change (derivative) of G′, G″, and I3/1 (dG′/dN, dG″/dN, and dI3/1/dN) were correlated with the lifetime (Nf). An inverse proportionality between the rate of change and lifetime was found allowing better prediction while testing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46634.
Wasabi 6‐(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through p53‐independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway
Authors: Yano Satoshi , Wu Shusong , Sakao Kozue , Hou De‐Xing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract6‐(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6‐MSITC), a major bioactive compound in Wasabi [Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum.], has revealed the inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis in rat cancer model although the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used two types of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53–/–) to investigate the anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of 6‐MSITC. Interestingly, 6‐MSITC inhibited the cell proliferation in both types of cells with similar IC50 value although a light increase in the phosphorylation and accumulation of P53 protein was observed in HCT116 p53+/+ cells at 24 h after treatment. In addition, 6‐MSITC increased the ratio of proapoptotic cells in both types of cells with the same fashion in a p53‐independent manner. The data from mitochondrial analysis revealed that 6‐MSITC enhanced the ratio of proapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma‐2‐associated X protein/antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1, and sequentially caused mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, cytochrome c release, and caspase‐3 activation in both types of cells. Taken together, Wasabi 6‐MSITC induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells in p53‐independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. These findings suggest that 6‐MSITC might be a potential agent for colon cancer chemoprevention although with p53 mutation. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(4):361–368, 2018
Cyclic Peptides for Efficient Detection of Collagen
Authors: Takita Koh K. , Fujii Kazunori K. , Kadonosono Tetsuya , Masuda Ryo , Koide Takaki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report here a new class of collagen‐binding peptides, cyclic collagen‐mimetic peptides (cCMPs), that efficiently hybridize with the triple‐helix‐forming portions of collagen. cCMPs are composed of two parallel collagen‐like (Xaa‐Yaa‐Gly)n strands with both termini tethered by covalent linkages. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting analysis showed that cCMPs exhibit more potent affinity toward collagen than reported collagen‐binding peptides and can specifically detect different collagen polypeptides in a mixture of proteins. Collagen secreted from cultured cells was detected by confocal microscopy with fluorescein‐labeled cCMP. The cCMP is also shown to detect sensitively folding intermediates in the endoplasmic reticulum, something that was difficult to visualize with conventional collagen detectors. Molecular‐dynamics simulations suggested that a cCMP forms a more stably hybridized product than its single‐chain counterpart; this could explain why cCMP has higher affinity toward denatured collagen. These results indicate the usefulness of cCMPs as tools for detecting denatured collagen.
Anodic Formation of Aryl Mesylates through Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Möhle Sabine , Herold Sebastian , Hillerson Natalie D. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe first direct anodic mesylation of aromatic substrates was established. The installation of the oxygen‐carbon bond was achieved through a dehydrogenative coupling reaction, which works with naphthalene in preparative attractive yields, and this protocol can be applied to a range of other aromatic substrates. The electroconversion is conducted at carbon anodes in a divided cell. The constant current conditions allow electrolysis with a simple electronic periphery. The results are in full accordance with cyclic voltammetry studies, providing a consistent picture.
Loop Length Affects Syn–Anti Conformational Rearrangements in Parallel G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Karg Beatrice , Weisz Klaus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA G‐quadruplex forming sequence from the MYC promoter region was modified with syn‐favoring 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine residues. Depending on the number and position of modifications in the intramolecular parallel G‐quadruplex, substitutions with the bromoguanosine analogue at the 5′‐tetrad induce conformational rearrangements with concerted all‐anti to all‐syn transitions for all residues of the modified G‐quartet. No unfavorable steric interactions of the C8‐substituents in the medium grooves are apparent in the high‐resolution structure as determined for a tetrasubstituted MYC quadruplex that exclusively forms the all‐syn isomer. In contrast, considerable steric clashes with 5′‐phosphate oxygen atoms for those analogues that follow a less flexible 1‐nucleotide loop in the native all‐anti conformation seem to constitute the major driving force for the tetrad inversion and allow for the rational design of appropriately substituted sequences. Correlations found between the population of species subjected to a tetrad flip and melting temperatures indicate that more effective conformational transitions are compromised by lower thermal stabilities of the modified parallel quadruplexes.
Highly Efficient and Diastereoselective Construction of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Spiro[pyrrolidin‐3,2′‐oxindole] by a Catalyst‐free Mutually Activated [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Gui Hou‐Ze , Gao Yu‐Ning , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA catalyst‐free self‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of isatin‐derived α‐(trifluoromethyl)imines with vinylpyridines is reported. The reaction offers a straightforward and atom‐economical procedure for the preparation of a series of 5′‐trifluoromethyl‐spiro[pyrrolidin‐3,2′‐oxindoles] in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. The reaction mechanism has been investigated by control experiments, DFT calculation of pKa values and the kinetic profiles, revealing that this reaction featured the mutual activation between isatin‐derived α‐(trifluoromethyl)imines and vinylpyridine to generate the reactive species.
Expanding the SAR of Nontoxic Antiplasmodial Indolyl‐3‐ethanone Ethers and Thioethers
Authors: Lunga Mayibongwe J. , Chisango Ruramai L. , Weyers Carli , Isaacs Michelle , Taylor Dale , Edkins Adrienne L. , Khanye Setshaba D. , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Veale Clinton G. L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite major strides in reducing Plasmodium falciparum infections, this parasite still accounts for roughly half a million annual deaths. This problem is compounded by the decreased efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies. Therefore, the development and optimisation of novel antimalarial chemotypes is critical. In this study, we describe our strategic approach to optimise a class of previously reported antimalarials, resulting in the discovery of 1‐(5‐chloro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐[(4‐cyanophenyl)thio]ethanone (13) and 1‐(5‐chloro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)thio]ethanone (14), whose activity was equipotent to that of chloroquine against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain. Furthermore, these compounds were found to be nontoxic to HeLa cells as well as being non‐haemolytic to uninfected red blood cells. Intriguingly, several of our most promising compounds were found to be less active against the isogenic NF54 strain, highlighting possible issues with long‐term dependability of malarial strains. Finally compound 14 displayed similar activity against both the NF54 and K1 strains, suggesting that it inhibits a pathway that is uncompromised by K1 resistance.
The role of adjuvant treatment in early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: An international collaborative study
Authors: Fridman Eran , Na'ara Shorook , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Amit Moran , Bachar Gideon , Villaret Andrea Bolzoni , Brandao Jose , Cernea Claudio R. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Clark Jonathan , Ebrahimi Ardalan , Fliss Dan M. , Jonnalagadda Sashikanth , Kohler Hugo F. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Kreppel Matthias , Liao Chun‐Ta , Patel Snehal G. , Patel Rajan S. , Robbins K. Thomas , Shah Jatin P. , Shpitzer Thomas , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Zöller Joachim E. , Gil Ziv ,   for the International Consortium for Outcome Research in Head and Neck Cancer
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDUp to half of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) have stage I to II disease. When adequate resection is attained, no further treatment is needed; however, re‐resection or radiotherapy may be indicated for patients with positive or close margins. This multicenter study evaluated the outcomes and role of adjuvant treatment in patients with stage I to II OCSCC.METHODSOverall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival, local‐free survival, and disease‐free survival rates were calculated with Kaplan‐Meier analysis.RESULTSOf 1257 patients with T1‐2N0M0 disease, 33 (2.6%) had positive margins, and 205 (16.3%) had close margins. The 5‐year OS rate was 80% for patients with clear margins, 52% for patients with close margins, and 63% for patients with positive margins (P < .0001). In a multivariate analysis, age, depth of invasion, and margins were independent predictors of outcome. Close margins were associated with a >2‐fold increase in the risk of recurrence (P < .0001). The multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant treatment significantly improved the outcomes of patients with close/positive margins (P = .002 to .03).CONCLUSIONSPatients with stage I to II OCSCC and positive/close margins have poor long‐term outcomes. For this population, adjuvant treatment may be associated with improved survival. Cancer 2018;124:2948‐55. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Individual meaning‐centered psychotherapy for the treatment of psychological and existential distress: A randomized controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Breitbart William , Pessin Hayley , Rosenfeld Barry , Applebaum Allison J. , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Li Yuelin , Saracino Rebecca M. , Marziliano Allison M. , Masterson Melissa , Tobias Kristen , Fenn Natalie 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDPatients with advanced cancer have high rates of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and spiritual despair. This study examined the effectiveness of individual meaning‐centered psychotherapy (IMCP) in comparison with supportive psychotherapy (SP) and enhanced usual care (EUC) in improving spiritual well‐being and quality of life and reducing psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer.METHODSPatients (n = 321) were randomly assigned to IMCP (n = 109), SP (n = 108), or EUC (n = 104). Assessments were conducted at 4 time points: before intervention, midtreatment (4 weeks), 8 weeks after treatment, and 16 weeks after treatment.RESULTSSignificant treatment effects (small to medium in magnitude) were observed for IMCP, in comparison with EUC, for 5 of 7 outcome variables (quality of life, sense of meaning, spiritual well‐being, anxiety, and desire for hastened death), with Cohen'sdranging from 0.1 to 0.34; no significant improvement was observed for patients receiving SP (d < 0.15 andP > .05 for all variables). The effect of IMCP was significantly greater than the effect of SP for quality of life and sense of meaning (d = 0.19) but not for the remaining study variables.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides further support for the efficacy of IMCP as a treatment for psychological and existential/spiritual distress in patients with advanced cancer. Significant treatment effects (small to moderate effect sizes) were observed in comparison with usual care, and somewhat more modest differences in improvement (small effect sizes) were observed in comparison with SP. Thus, the benefits of meaning‐centered psychotherapy appear to be unique to the intervention and highlight the importance of addressing existential issues with patients approaching the end of life.Cancer2018.©2018 American Cancer Society.
A 20‐year and 46,000‐specimen journey to Paris reveals the influence of reporting systems and passive peer feedback on pathologist practice patterns
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Allison Derek B. , Gupta Mohit , Ali Syed Z. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDAn important goal of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) is to reduce unnecessary atypical diagnoses given to urinary tract cytology (UTC) specimens. Since implementation of TPS at the study institution in 2016, the institutional atypical rate has declined only slightly. The authors speculated that TPS might not have had an immediate impact because several faculty members were involved in TPS committees and because TPS contains elements that already had been integrated into institutional practice. To identify factors contributing to alterations in the institutional atypical rate, the authors examined their practice over the last 22 years.METHODSUTC specimens submitted to the study laboratory between August 11, 1995, and August 10, 2017, were identified. Specimens were linked to the responsible pathologist, specimen diagnosis and type, association with high‐grade urothelial carcinoma, and relevant cytomorphologic features.RESULTSAn increase in the institutional atypical rate occurred between 2002 and 2005. The atypical rate among individual pathologists also peaked during this same time. The increase coincided with an increase in the use of UTC and the arrival of a pathologist with a higher rate of atypical diagnoses. A substantial decrease in the institutional atypical rate occurred between 2005 and 2010 and coincided with the creation of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Template, the authors' first standardized reporting system for UTC specimens.CONCLUSIONSThe use of reporting systems (Johns Hopkins Hospital Template and TPS) has coincided with decreases in the institutional atypical rate at the study institution. An individual pathologist may influence the practice patterns of his or her colleagues, resulting in fluctuations in the institutional rate of atypia over time. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:381‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A tale of atypia: What can we learn from this?
Authors: Barkan Güliz A. , Wojcik Eva M. , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: May 2018

The use of the equivocal and elusive diagnosis of “atypia” in our daily practice cannot be completely eliminated as it continues to be a useful category for filling the gap between what is recognizable as normal (or at least a version of normal) and what is recognizable as unequivocally abnormal/malignant. However, this diagnosis should be used sparingly, as the overuse of the “atypia” diagnoses can lead to the erosion of clinicians' confidence, their misunderstanding of pathology reports, and can bear negative consequences for the patients' well‐being.See also pages 381‐9.
Retinal specializations and visual ecology in an animal with an extremely elaborate pupil shape: the little skateLeucoraja (Raja) erinaceaMitchell, 1825
Authors: Jinson S. Terrell , Liebich Jan , Senft Stephen L. , Mäthger Lydia M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvestigating retinal specializations offers insights into eye functionality. Using retinal wholemount techniques, we investigated the distribution of retinal ganglion cells in the Little skateLeucoraja erinaceaby (a) dye‐backfilling into the optic nerve prior to retinal wholemounting; (b) Nissl‐staining of retinal wholemounts. Retinas were examined for regional specializations (higher numbers) of ganglion cells that would indicate higher visual acuity in those areas. Total ganglion cell number were low compared to other elasmobranchs (backfilled: average 49,713 total ganglion cells, average peak cell density 1,315 ganglion cells mm−2; Nissl‐stained: average 47,791 total ganglion cells, average peak cell density 1,319 ganglion cells mm−2). Ganglion cells fit into three size categories: small (5–20 µm); medium (20–30 µm); large: (≥ 30 µm), and they were not homogeneously distributed across the retina. There was a dorsally located horizontal visual streak with increased ganglion cell density; additionally, there were approximately three local maxima in ganglion cell distribution (potentialareae centrales) within this streak in which densities were highest. Using computerized tomography (CT) and micro‐CT, geometrical dimensions of the eye were obtained. Combined with ganglion cell distributions, spatial resolving power was determined to be between 1.21 and 1.37 cycles per degree. Additionally, photoreceptor sizes across different retinal areas varied; photoreceptors were longest within the horizontal visual streak. Variations in the locations of retinal specializations appear to be related to the animal's anatomy: shape of the head and eyes, position of eyes, location of tapetum, and shape of pupil, as well as the visual demands associated with lifestyle and habitat type.
Evolution of a rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) service for endobronchial ultrasound guided (EBUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in a UK Hospital: A 7 year audit
Authors: Stevenson Tracey , Powari Manish , Bowles Christopher 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveEndobronchial ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EBUS FNA) is a well‐established procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. We review our provision of this service at the Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and the role of rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) with the increasing demand for molecular markers in this era of personalized medicine.MethodsA review of the changes in the Endoscopy clinic over the 7 years from the introduction of EBUS at the end of 2010 until 2017 was carried out. This included the availability of material obtained for diagnosis, accurate subtyping, and molecular testing. We also assessed the success of molecular genetics DNA techniques from EBUS material versus formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE).ResultsA total of 1218 EBUS cases with ROSE were reported between 2011 and 2017 Percentage diagnostic rates were calculated as 83, 82, 84, 92, 93, 94, and 92 for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Availability of material for immunocytochemistry ranged from 86 to 100% over the 7 years. Molecular testing was successfully performed for EGFR in 89‐100% of requested cases and ALK testing in 87‐100% of requested cases. EBUS sourced material gave on average twice the amount of DNA and fewer amplicon repeats per patient compared to FFPE material.ConclusionROSE at EBUS FNA provides access to suitable material for molecular testing with increased yields in the form of needle washings for EGFR with FFPE materials for ALK and PDL1 testing
Important considerations for the utilisation of methanolysis in steroid analysis
Authors: Viljanto Marjaana , Pita Catarina Horro , Scarth James , Walker Christopher J. , Kicman Andrew T. , Parkin Mark C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effective analysis of anabolic‐androgenic steroids in urine usually requires a suitable deconjugation method for the analysis of phase II metabolites such as sulphates and glucuronides. Acid hydrolysis using methanolysis is one adopted method of deconjugation that efficiently and rapidly cleaves both sulphates and glucuronides contemporaneously. The formation of artefactual by‐products is a known disadvantage of this harsh method. However, the possible promotion of deuterium‐hydrogen exchange of isotopically labelled internal standards has received little attention in the literature. This report demonstrates a complete deuterium‐hydrogen exchange from deuterium labelled D9‐progesterone to progesterone driven by the acidic conditions of the methanolysis. The likely mechanisms of this exchange reaction are postulated, and the results compared to other deuterated steroids. This finding highlights the importance for careful consideration when selecting labelled internal standards in a conjunction with methanolysis.
Ecohydrological implications of aeolian sediment trapping by sparse vegetation in drylands
Authors: Gonzales Howell B. , Ravi Sujith , Li Junran , Sankey Joel B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAeolian processes are important drivers of ecosystem dynamics in drylands, and important feedbacks exist among aeolian—hydrological processes and vegetation. The trapping of wind‐borne sediments by vegetation canopies may result in changes in soil properties beneath the vegetation, which, in turn, can alter hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Despite the relevance of aeolian transport to ecosystem dynamics, the interactions between aeolian transport and vegetation in shaping dryland landscapes where sediment distribution is altered by relatively rapid changes in vegetation composition such as shrub encroachment, are not well understood. Here, we used a computational fluid dynamics modelling framework to investigate the sediment trapping efficiencies of vegetation canopies commonly found in a shrub‐grass ecotone in the Chihuahuan Desert (New Mexico, USA) and related the results to spatial heterogeneity in soil texture and infiltration measured in the field. The vegetation structures were created using a computer‐aided design software, with inherent canopy porosities, which were derived using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements of plant canopies. Results show that considerable heterogeneity in infiltration and soil grain size distribution exist between the microsites, with higher infiltration and coarser soil texture under shrubs. Numerical simulations further indicate that the differential trapping of canopies might contribute to the observed heterogeneity in soil texture. In the early stages of encroachment, the shrub canopies, by trapping coarser particles more efficiently, might maintain higher infiltration rates leading to faster development of the microsites with enhanced ecological productivity, which might provide positive feedbacks to shrub encroachment.