bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conducting health research with resettled refugees in Australia: field sites, ethics, and methods
Authors: McMichael Celia , Nunn Caitlin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research involving resettled refugees presents many complexities. In particular, how do we engage ethically with research participants and also ensure that the data we produce is rigorous and makes a productive contribution to knowledge about refugee health? This chapter reflects on two qualitative research projects involving people from refugee backgrounds who have resettled in Victoria, Australia: one project with refugee-background women living in the capital city, Melbourne; another with refugee-background youth living in Bendigo, a regional city. Both projects focused on refugee settlement and psychosocial health. Focusing on three key aspects of the research process: conceptualizing the field site, ethics in practice and qualitative research methods, we suggest that the dual imperatives of refugee research—significance to people with refugee backgrounds and relevant agencies, institutions and governments, and ethical and rigorous research practice—are best served by a reflexive, sensitive and creative relationship with both the research process and with refugee-background participants.
The politics of immigrant and refugee health in the United States
Authors: Grodin Michael , Crosby Sondra , Annas George 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Over 25 years of experience from the field have resulted in important lessons learned concerning how to best approach the multifaceted, complex treatment of immigrants and refugees. Continuing this work, it is important to educate medical communities about tried-and-true best practices and cultural sensitivity, as well as the integration of culturally-related practices in different clinical contexts. The medical model is inadequate to address the systematic challenges inherent in caring for displaced and traumatized populations. Beyond the clinical realm, systems are needed to advocate on behalf of immigrant and refugee communities using policy and law instruments; system-level intervention is the most effective way to address structural barriers to the highest possible standard of health and human rights.
After TPP Is Before TPP: Mexican Politics for Economic Globalization and the Lost Chance for Reflection
Authors: Rodiles Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in Mexico after the Trump administration withdrew from TPP and forced Mexico to engage in NAFTA renegotiations. It examines the strategies developed by political and economic elites in response to the threat of trade war coming from Mexico’s most important trade partner. This analysis shows that, although Mexican elites developed sophisticated heuristics in order to confront the immediate challenge from the government in Washington DC, they did not engage in what should be a very important debate about Mexico’s role in the reconfigurations of global trade and order. This is a missed opportunity for Mexico which could affect its role in the ongoing reconfigurations of global trade and law, and thus its future stature in world politics.
The Ancient Unconscious
Authors: Lev Kenaan Vered 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Commonly understood as a modern conceptual invention rather than the discovery of a psychic reality, the notion of the unconscious is often criticized by traditional classicists as an anachronistic lens, one that ineluctably subjects ancient experience to modern patterns of thought. The book challenges this ambivalent theoretical disposition toward the psychoanalytic concept by offering an interpretation of the unconscious, explaining why this concept is in fact inseparable from, and crucial for, the study of the ancient text and more generally for the methodology of classical philology. The book thus examines the complicated, often conflicted, relationship between classical studies and psychoanalytic theory. The Ancient Unconscious considers the debate over whether the ancients had an unconscious as an invitation to rethink the relationship between antiquity and modernity. While antiquity does not provide organic provenance for modernity, it is nevertheless the case that despite the cultural and historical distance, the two epochs are firmly connected. The book investigates the meaning of the textual ties created by arbitrary, spontaneous, and unintentional contacts between the past and its future. Understanding the meaning of textuality through contact between times, historical moments that have no priority under the law of chronology, goes hand in hand with the book’s interpretation of the unconscious. Associations and connections between the past and its future—including the present—belong to the sphere of the unconscious. This latter is primarily employed here in order to study the inherent, often hidden links that bind modernity to classical antiquity, modern to ancient experiences.
The ancient unconscious?
Authors: Lev Kenaan Vered 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A split is identified in modern European self-consciousness between an embrace of its formative influences in the ancient world and a historicist guarding of modern boundaries. When philology takes a conservative role, it criticizes boundary-breaking Freudian investigation; anachronism is seen as unsound and unscientific. But cultural constructions belonging to each era, relying also on unconscious processes of formation and transmission, are shown to be transgressive of historical periods. Philology is shown then in a sense to be unjustifiably reifying the differences between different times and places, and to be disallowing perception of the mutual dependence of humanity in modern and ancient times.
Ontology and Intelligibility
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Four examples plausibly overstep the limits of intelligibility: Newtonian absolute space and time, certain conceptions of possibilia, quiddities, and Cartesian egos. This chapter argues that the materials of the earlier part of the book allow us to explain what the overstepping consists in. For any genuine concept, there is an account of the relation in which a thinker must stand to an entity in order to be thinking of it in that way. In all these four problematic cases, for reasons of principle, there is no account of the relation to the subject matter that would be required to be thinking of the elements of the problematic ontology. This excess dimension diagnosis contrasts with epistemic and verificationist accounts. The diagnosis is compared with Dasgupta’s, which appeals to inexpressible ignorance. It is argued that both the excess dimension diagnosis and inexpressible ignorance trace back to the explanatory emptiness of the problematic ontologies.
Whitman, Melville, Crane, and the Labors of American Poetry
Authors: Riley Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book confronts an enduring investment in the poetic vocation. It seeks to challenge a dominant cultural logic that frames contingent labor as a sacrifice that frustrates the righteous progress towards realizing that seemingly purest of callings: Poet. Incorporating the often overlooked or excluded workaday ephemera of three canonical U.S. Romantic poets—Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Hart Crane—it offers new archival insights that call for a re-examination of celebrated literary careers and questions their status as affirmatory icons of vocation. The poetry of Whitman the real estate dealer, Melville the customs inspector, and Crane the copywriter, does not constitute the formal inscription of a discrete poetic labor struggling against quotidian work towards the fulfilment of an exceptional individual career. Instead, the distracted forms of their poetry are always already intermingled with a variety of apparently lesser labors. Ousting poetic production from any sanctuary of privileged repose or transcendent focus, this book refigures the work of the poet as a living sensuous activity that transgresses labor’s conventional divisions and hierarchies. It consequently recasts the poet as a figure who unfastens and reimagines the “right of passage” vocational logic that does so much to reproduce the current political and economic paradigm.
Faith and Science in Russian Religious Thought
Authors: Obolevitch Teresa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The book brings forth a comprehensive presentation of one of the most interesting of contemporary issues, namely an analysis of the relation between science and faith in Russian religious thought. It is a synthetic approach on the development of the problem throughout the whole history of Russian thought, starting from the medieval period and arriving in contemporary times. The key topic is considered the relationship between science and religion in the eighteenth century, the so-called academic philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the thought of Peter Chaadaev, the Slavophiles, and in the most influential literature figures, such as Fedor Dostoevsky and Lev Tolstoy. The book also analyzes two channels of the formation of philosophy in the context of the relationship between theology and science in Russia. The first is connected with the attempt to rationalize the truths of faith and is exemplified by Vladimir Soloviev and Nikolai Lossky; the second, the apophatic tradition, is presented by Fr. Pavel Florensky and Semen Frank. The book then describes the relation to scientific knowledge in the thought of Lev Shestov, Nikolai Berdyaev, Sergius Bulgakov, and Alexei Losev as well as the original project of Russian Cosmism (in the examples of Nikolai Fedorov, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Vladimir Vernadsky). Finally, the book presents the current state of the discussion on this topic by paying attention to the Neopatristic synthesis (Fr. Georges Florovsky and his followers) and offers a brief comparative analysis of the relationship between science and religion from the Western and Russian perspectives.
Poland's Constitutional Breakdown
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
After its double victory in the 2015 presidential and parliamentary elections in Poland, the populist Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)) party began to dismantle all major checks and balances characteristic of the separation of powers in a democratic state. Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal, its regular courts including the Supreme Court, its National Council of the Judiciary, as well as its electoral commissions, civil service, and public media have all been subordinated to the executive and are single-handedly controlled by the party’s leader. In the process, political rights such as the freedom of assembly have been radically restricted, and the party has captured the entire state apparatus. The speed and depth of anti-democratic changes took many observers by surprise, as Poland had been widely regarded as an example of a successful ‘transitional democracy’ in the quarter century preceding 2015. This book attempts to answer three major questions triggered by Poland’s anti-constitutional breakdown: What exactly has happened? Why has it happened? What are the prospects of returning to liberal democracy? Answers to these questions are formulated against the backdrop of current worldwide trends towards populism, authoritarianism, and what is sometimes called ‘illiberal democracy’. However, as this book argues, the Polish variant of ‘illiberal democracy’ is an oxymoron. By undermining the separation of powers, the ruling party concentrates all power in one hand, thus rendering any democratic accountability illusory. There is, however, no inevitability in anti-democratic trends: this book considers a number of possible remedies and sources of hope, including intervention by the European Union.
Dismantling Checks and Balances (II): Judges and Prosecutors
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
After transforming the Constitutional Tribunal (CT) into an active ally of the government, the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)) party in Poland embarked upon the comprehensive subjection of the entire judicial system to the executive, and in particular to the president of the Republic and the minister of justice/prosecutor general (MJ/PG). This chapter discusses how, for this purpose, the National Council of Judiciary (Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (KRS)) was packed with the party faithful thanks to a changed system for selecting members of the KRS (they are now directly elected by Parliament, rather than by judges). It also deals with how the effect of the new law on the Supreme Court was a brand new court composition with a pro-PiS majority: this was created by combining early retirement for incumbent judges and increasing the number of seats on the Court. The chief justice’s constitutionally guaranteed term of office has been extinguished. It also looks at another statute, on the common courts, that has strengthened the power of the MJ to control court presidents, and hold judges accountable for their verdicts through a new disciplinary procedure. Finally, the chapter looks at how the prosecutorial system (prokuratura) was merged with that of the MJ, with the MJ becoming the ex officio PG, producing a deeply politicized system of public prosecution.
Europe to the Rescue
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU) possess significant legal instruments to affect and reverse anti-democratic changes in Poland, and some of these instruments have already been used, with varying degrees of success. The chapter opens with the CoE’s, and in particular the Venice Commission and the European Court of Human Rights’ contributions to policing Polish assaults on the rule of law. It then turns to the EU, and reflects upon the question as to whether the EU—with its assortment of different measures of ‘naming and shaming’ (Art. 7.1 Treaty on European Union (TEU)), sanctions (Arts 7.2 and 7.3 TEU), and legal infringement actions, as well as its newly crafted ‘rule of law framework’ (also known as the pre-Article 7 procedure)—has been so far, and can be in the near future, effective in cabining and reversing anti-democratic trends in one of its largest member states. The conclusion is affirmative: the EU has an important, even if limited, role to play in assisting Polish defenders of the rule of law and democracy.
Transoceanic America
Authors: Burnham Michelle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Transoceanic America offers a new approach to American literature by emphasizing the material and conceptual interconnectedness of the Atlantic and Pacific worlds. These oceans were tied together economically, textually, and politically, through such genres as maritime travel writing, mathematical and navigational schoolbooks, and the relatively new genre of the novel. Especially during the age of revolutions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, long-distance transoceanic travel required calculating and managing risk in the interest of profit. The result was the emergence of a newly suspenseful form of narrative that came to characterize capitalist investment, political revolution, and novelistic plot. The calculus of risk that drove this expectationist narrative also concealed violence against vulnerable bodies on ships and shorelines around the world. A transoceanic American literary and cultural history requires new non-linear narratives to tell the story of this global context and to recognize its often forgotten textual archive.
Bayesian Inference
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 introduces the concept of Bayesian inference. The chapter discusses the scientific method, and illustrates how Bayes’ Theorem can be used for scientific inference. Bayesian inference is the use of Bayes’ Theorem to draw conclusions about a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive alternative hypotheses by linking prior knowledge about each hypothesis with new data. The result is updated probabilities for each hypothesis of interest. By the end of this chapter, the reader will understand the concepts of induction and deduction, prior probability of a hypothesis, likelihood of the observed data, and posterior probability of a hypothesis, given the data.
The Author Problem: Bayesian Inference with Two Hypotheses
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The “Author Problem” provides a concrete example of Bayesian inference. This chapter draws on work by Frederick Mosteller and David Wallace, who used Bayesian inference to assign authorship for unsigned Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers were a collection of papers known to be written during the American Revolution. However, some papers were unsigned by the author, resulting in disputed authorship. The chapter provides a very basic Bayesian analysis of the unsigned “Paper 54,” which was written by Alexander Hamilton or James Madison. The example illustrates the principles of Bayesian inference for two competing hypotheses, including the concepts of alternative hypothesis, prior probability distribution, posterior probability distribution, prior probability of a hypothesis, likelihood of the observed data, and posterior probability of a hypothesis.
The White House Problem: The Beta-Binomial Conjugate
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the beta-binomial conjugate. There are special cases where a Bayesian prior probability distribution for an unknown parameter of interest can be quickly updated to a posterior distribution of the same form as the prior. In the “White House Problem,” a beta distribution is used to set the priors for all hypotheses of p, the probability that a famous person can get into the White House without an invitation. Binomial data are then collected, and provide the number of times a famous person gained entry out of a fixed number of attempts. The prior distribution is updated to a posterior distribution (also a beta distribution) in light of this new information. In short, a beta prior distribution for the unknown parameter + binomial data → beta posterior distribution for the unknown parameter, p. The beta distribution is said to be “conjugate to” the binomial distribution.
The Shark Attack Problem: The Gamma-Poisson Conjugate
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the gamma-Poisson conjugate. Many Bayesian analyses consider alternative parameter values as hypotheses. The prior distribution for an unknown parameter can be represented by a continuous probability density function when the number of hypotheses is infinite. There are special cases where a Bayesian prior probability distribution for an unknown parameter of interest can be quickly updated to a posterior distribution of the same form as the prior. In the “Shark Attack Problem,” a gamma distribution is used as the prior distribution of λ, the mean number of shark attacks in a given year. Poisson data are then collected to determine the number of attacks in a given year. The prior distribution is updated to the posterior distribution in light of this new information. In short, a gamma prior distribution + Poisson data → gamma posterior distribution. The gamma distribution is said to be “conjugate to” the Poisson distribution.
The White House Problem Revisited: MCMC with the Metropolis–Hastings Algorithm
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The “White House Problem” of Chapter 10 is revisited in this chapter. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to build the posterior distribution of the unknown parameter p, the probability that a famous person could gain access to the White House without invitation. The chapter highlights the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm in MCMC analysis, describing the process step by step. The posterior distribution generated in Chapter 10 using the beta-binomial conjugate is compared with the MCMC posterior distribution to show how successful the MCMC method can be. By the end of this chapter, the reader will have a firm understanding of the following concepts: Monte Carlo, Markov chain, Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, Metropolis–Hastings random walk, and Metropolis–Hastings independence sampler.
The Maple Syrup Problem Revisited: MCMC with Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with Gibbs sampling, revisiting the “Maple Syrup Problem” of Chapter 12, where the goal was to estimate the two parameters of a normal distribution, μ and σ. Chapter 12 used the normal-normal conjugate to derive the posterior distribution for the unknown parameter μ; the parameter σ was assumed to be known. This chapter uses MCMC with Gibbs sampling to estimate the joint posterior distribution of both μ and σ. Gibbs sampling is a special case of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. The chapter describes MCMC with Gibbs sampling step by step, which requires (1) computing the posterior distribution of a given parameter, conditional on the value of the other parameter, and (2) drawing a sample from the posterior distribution. In this chapter, Gibbs sampling makes use of the conjugate solutions to decompose the joint posterior distribution into full conditional distributions for each parameter.
Desiring under the Proper Guise
Authors: Milona Michael , Schroeder Mark 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
According to the thesis of the guise of the normative, all desires are associated with normative appearances or judgments. But guise of the normative theories differ sharply over the content of the normative representation, with the two main versions being the guise of reasons and the guise of the good. Chapter 6 defends the comparative thesis that the guise of reasons thesis is more promising than the guise of the good. The central idea is that observations from the theory of content determination can be used in order to constrain possible theories of the representational contents associated with desire. The authors argue that the initially most promising versions of the guise of the good fail to meet these constraints, and then explain the steep challenge confronting any who wish to craft a new guise of the good theory which meets the constraints while also preserving the initial motivations for adopting any guise of the normative theory at all. But a simple version of the guise of reasons not only avoids the troubles besetting the guise of the good but proceeds immediately from a deep diagnosis of the source of its difficulties.
We Can Have Our Buck and Pass It, Too
Authors: King Zoë Johnson 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8 argues against the view that the moral rightness of an act is not a reason to perform it, and our reasons are instead the features that make the act right. Philosophers typically defend this view by noting that it seems redundant to take rightness to be an additional reason, once it has been acknowledged that the right-making features are already reasons. The author shows that this argument dramatically overgeneralizes, ruling out all cases in which two or more reasons are arranged in relationships of metaphysical constitution. She then proposes an alternative way of thinking about these metaphysical hierarchies: Rather than assuming that at most one of the facts in each hierarchy is the “real” reason, bearing all the normative weight, it should be accepted that these facts can all be genuine reasons, whose normative weight is shared in virtue of the metaphysical relationships between them. Some tests are offered that can be used to determine which facts occur in metaphysical hierarchies with shared weight, and it is argued that the fact that an act is morally right passes the tests. The author then explains what she takes to be some kernels of truth underlying the redundancy argument, arguing that these phenomena are pragmatic, not metaphysical.