bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kontroversi Kesaksian Perempuan : Mengurai Tafsir Kesaksian Perempuan dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Naqiyah Naqiyah 
Published: May 2018

Terdapat kontroversi tentang kesaksian perempuan dalam hal nilai kesaksian, cakupan kesaksian, dan hukum mempersaksikannya. Sementara, disimpulkan bahwa jika teks diinterpretasikan secara tekstual, maka nilai kesaksian perempuan adalah separuh kesaksian laki-laki, dan hal ini hanya mencakup hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan harta benda. Adapun hukum mempersaksikannya hanya sebagai anjuran. Akan tetapi, jika teks diinterpretasikan secara kontekstual, maka nilai kesaksian perempuan sama dengan kesaksian laki-laki. Dalam tulisan ini saya berargumen bahwa kesaksian perempuan menurut al-Qurâ€™an sama dengan kesaksian laki-laki, baik ditafsirkan secara tekstual maupun secara kontekstual,baik dalam hal yang berkaitan dengan harta benda maupun yang berhubungan dengan masalah Ä¥udÅ«d. Adapun mengenai hukum mempersaksikannya, secara umum dalam al-Qurâ€™an digunakan kata berbentuk â€˜amr sehingga dapat dipahami sebagai perintah.There are some controversies concerning woman witnesses in terms of their testimony, the scope of the subjects, and the legal status of testimony.Â It is tentatively concluded that if texts are normatively interpreted textually, then, the testimony of a woman is valued only one half of that of a man, and this is only for the matters concerning with goods, while the law on the subjects of these matters is only recommendation.Â However, if normative texts are interpreted contextually, then, the testimony of a woman has an equal value with that of a man.Â In this study, I argue that the testimony of a woman according to the texts of Holly Qurâ€™an equals to the testimony of a man, no matter the texts are interpreted textually or contextually in both subjects concerning with goods and with hudÅ«d.Â Regarding the legal status of testimony, in the Qurâ€™anic texts generally the word amr is used, so this can be considered as compulsary.
Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam: Telaah terhadap Pemikiran Masyood A. Baderin
Authors: Rojak Jeje Abdul 
Published: May 2018

Problem terberat yang dihadapi sepanjang perjalanan umatÂ manusia adalah menghormati posisi manusia sebagai makhluk yang amat mulia. Perlindungan terhadap kemuliaan manusia secara normatif disepakati dalam wujud Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) yang dideklarasikan pada tanggal 10 Desember 1948 oleh Perserikatan Bangsa â€“ Bangsa. Pro dan kontra dalam mengimplementasikan Hak Asasi Manusia di kalangan kaum muslimin masih terjadi sampai saat ini. Perdebatan itu bermula dari keyakinan umat Islam bahwa ajaran Islam merupakan tuntunan hidup yang teramat sempurna dalam menjaga kehormatan manusia, sedang HAM sebagai kesepakatan manusia modern akibat dari perjalanan panjang penindasan manusia di dunia Barat. Penyandingan nilai Islam dan HAM dalam konteks implementasi norma syariâ€™at agar terjalin secara harmoni ternyata membutuhkan perhatian khusus, dari sekian banyak tokoh, Baderin mencoba untuk memulai pendialogan konsep HAM dan syariâ€™at Islam tersebut.
Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Mengenai Pasal 43 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 terhadap Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia
Authors: Mustofa Imam 
Published: May 2018

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Jumat 17 Februari 2012 terkait dengan anak luar nikah yang disebutakan dalam pasal 43 ayat (1) UU No 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan menyebutkan bahwa "anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya serta dengan laki-laki sebagai ayahnya yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya". Perubahan pasal ini harus difahami secara obyektif dan bijak agar membawa maslahat bagi umat dan bukan sebaliknya. Melalui perubahan ini MK berupaya untuk menuangkan hasil ijtihadnya agar anak-anak yang lahir di luar nikah tetap memiliki hak dan kedudukan yang sama dengan anak-anak lain dan agar tidak terjadi perlakuan diskriminatif terhadap anak-anak tak berdosa ini.
Aplikasi Teori Geodesi dalam Perhitungan Arah Kiblat: Studi untuk Kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap, Kebumen
Authors: Marwadi Marwadi 
Published: May 2018

Para ulama sepakat bahwa menghadap kiblat menjadi syarat sahnya salat, tetapi mereka tidak sepakat bahwa orang yang salat wajib menghadap ke bangunan Kaâ€™bah atau ke arah Kaâ€™bah. Untuk kesempurnaan ibadah, diperlukan usaha mencari arah kiblat yang tepat. Teori yang biasa digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat adalah teori ilmu ukur segitiga bola (spherical trigonometry). Sekarang, teori geodesi dengan rumus vincenty menjadi teori yang lebih akurat digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat daripada teori spherical trigonometry. Tulisan ini berusaha menggambarkan penggunaan teori geodesi dalam perhitungan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap dan Kebumen. Teori geodesi menghasilkan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara 294Â°40â€™01.042â€, Purbalingga 294Â°44â€™11.376â€, Banyumas 294Â°45â€™25,582â€, Cilacap 294Â°54â€™21.568â€, dan Kebumen 294Â°44â€™16.752â€. Jika arah kiblat tersebut dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat yang selama ini dipedomani, maka terdapat selisih rata-rata 0Â°7â€™32.74â€. Dengan adanya hasil perhitungan yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi lebih tinggi, tentu akan menambah keyakinan dalam beribadah, walaupun arah kiblat yang selama ini menjadi pedoman juga masih dalam lingkup menghadap kiblat.
Membangun Epistemologi Fikih Medis melalui Kontekstualisasi Maqasid al-Syari'ah
Authors: Mustofa Imam 
Published: May 2018

Perkembangan zaman dengan segala produknya membawa perubahan pada berbagai bidang. Perkembangan sains dan Penemuan teknologi telah berpengaruh pada dunia kedokteran. Hal ini tentunya membawa problem tersendiri bila dilihat dari perspektif fikih. Banyak tindakan medis atau jenis-jenis obat yang berkembang saat ini yang belum terjawab secara pasti mengenai status hukumnya dalam perspektif fikih. Tulisan ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi pentingnya membangun epistemologi ijtihad dalam bidang fikih kesehatan di era global saat ini. Fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah kontekstualisasi maqasid al-syari'ah yang dijadikan landasan, acuan, panduan, standar dan sekaligus batasan ijtihad dalam rangka menemukan jawaban problem hukum Islam dalam bidang kesehatan di era modern. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan data dari berbagai kitab atau buku-buku dan artikel yang terkait dengan kajian maqasid al-syari'ah dari buku klasik sampai yang modern. Berdasarkan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, dengan paradigma integratif, maqasid al-syari'ah dapat menjadi sebuah metode yang sangat fleksibel. Ia dapat diterapkan dengan menembus ruang dan zaman. Perangkat-perangkat kontekstualisasi melalui istihsan, fath al-zara'i, 'urf dan istishab menjadikan hukum Islam compatible dalam segala situasi, kondisi zaman, sosio-kultural masyarakat modern yang terus berkembang. Paradigma ini akan melahirkan fikih medis yang kontekstual di era modern.
Upper Gastrointestinal Visceral Pain Models in Guinea-Pigs (Mini-Review)
Authors: Halicka J. , Tatar M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Visceral pain brings deep medical burden to society, and it is clinically often the first symptom which leads to a medical consultation. In the time of deeper understanding of molecular transducers in pain pathways, there is still need for models to test hypothesis how would selective inhibition of nociceptive pathways modulates the behavior of experimental animal. In comparison with somatic pain, there is less visceral pain models, probably due to complex extrinsic (dual innervation by dorsal root ganglia and vagus nerve innervation) and intrinsic innervation. We want to develop a new model of visceral pain in guinea pigs to test our hypothesis that vagal afferent innervation affects perception of visceral pain. In this mini-review we would like to closely describe advantages and drawbacks of visceral pain models used in our department
Immunomodulatory effects of Tim-3 and PD-1 on chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the immune cells are dysfunctional, and the immune function cannot work normally. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) are overexpressed on the surface of immune cells, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Many studies indicate that this phenomenon is closely related to the persistence, occurrence, development, and prognosis of HBV. Tim-3 and PD-1 may be used as new immune targets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Research progress on the role of immune cells in Brucella infection
Authors: Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonoses in the world. Incidence of the disease has increased significantly in recent years and has seriously affected the health of human beings and the development of animal husbandry. The pathogenesis of brucellosis remains unclear. Current studies suggest that this disease may be related to changes in natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages in immune cell subsets. Brucellosis may be also related to T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell imbalance in the CD4+ T cell subset, immunoregulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, and the mechanism of action of CD8+ T cell. This paper aims to review the research progress on these inherent immune cells, the CD4+ T cell subset, and CD8+ T cells in Brucella infection.
Application of Nanotechnology for Anti-Friction Coatings
Authors: Enger Marco , Blaškovitš Pavel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Different slide-active coatings for thermoplastic surfaces, based on a new binder technology, were investigated for their use as slide element in the automobile interior. The main focus of this paper is the determination of the sliding behaviour of the coated thermoplastics in direct comparison to the uncoated variants. The coatings showed clearly different slide motion properties concerning their friction coefficient and stick-slip behaviour. In a direct comparison with the currently used polymers a clear improvement of slide properties could be achieved.
A Proposed Methodology of Resolving Conflits Within Multicultural Teams in Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Videnová Veronika , Cagáňová Dagmar , Witkowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The main aim of the presented paper is to clarify the need of resolving conflicts within multicultural teams in industrial enterprises, increasing awesome of multiculturalism on Slovakia as necessary part of our life and to suggest the structure of the dissertation thesis. The author base the study on the assumption that extensively developed intercultural relationships lead to mutual understanding between people and consequently to less interpersonal conflicts.The paper is divided in two main chapters. The first one deals with the theoretical bases of given issue, to clarify the concept of multiculturalism. The emphasis is primarily on the issue of conflict resolution within multicultural teams in industrial enterprises. The second one consists of reasoning and continuity of the paper, brief characteristics, goals, hypotheses, theses and benefits valuation.
The Strategic Development of Multicultural Competencies Through a Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Woolliscroft Paul , Caganova Dagmar , Cambal Milos , Makraiova Jana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The need to develop a clear understanding of multicultural competencies is essential to fully develop a strategic approach to human capital management (HCM). As Slovak workplaces become more diverse, culture and intercultural management has gained greater significance and the adoption of a strategic approach is now critical to the success and competitive advantage of the organisation. Moreover, it is necessary to address this field of management to ensure the high performance of organisations, especially those operating within a global setting. The focus of the research is on the identification of multicultural competencies in the context of Slovak industrial enterprises to measure and identify linkages between cultural aspects and the strategic business performance.
Structural-Dimensional Concept of Tourism Service Quality / Strukturno-Dimenzionalni Koncept Kvaliteta Turističkih Usluga
Authors: Vujović Vukan P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The difficulties of delivering a consistently satisfactory quality of tourism services emerge as a result of the discrepancies between the productive structures and corresponding dimensional features of delivering values during their cycle of consumption. Organizational enterprise system is the primary responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon, and it consists of production (working) units and departments in charge of quality management as well as control and monitoring of the production processes, that is, the flow of delivery. This paper discusses the current models of structural complexity, dimensional observations of quality as well as the phases of user participation throughout the life cycle of tourism services. The possibility of identifying several typical levels in the complex tourism product provides the groundwork for a more meaningful comparison between “projected and actual quality”, as well as achieving greater organizational performances in the domain of market-delivered value of the resulting service. The main objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of deeper organizational and functional analysis models and continuous monitoring of the achieved quality. The effects of such systematic approach would be manifested to the ultimate degree of fulfillment of expectations and the overall customer or user satisfaction with tourism service.
LAS VISITAS GUIADAS EN EL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO DE MATANZAS, CUBA
Authors: Robledo Ainel González , Ortega Lenia Robledo , Rodríguez Amalia Enríquez , Bárzaga Yamilé Rodríguez 
Published: May 2018

Los jardines botánicos juegan un papel muy importante para la conservación de las especies de plantas en peligro de desaparecer de la naturaleza, de la flora local, nacional y en educación ambiental. El Jardín Botánico de Matanzas tiene experiencia de más de quince años, con actividades de educación ambiental, donde los estudiantes de los diversos niveles de enseñanza son los principales actores. Las visitas guiadas y otras actividades que se realizan en el jardín, se adecuan a las características de los diferentes grupos y elevan los conocimientos acerca de las plantas y la importancia de su protección. Los resultados de las visitas guiadas avalan el trabajo de la educación ambiental en el jardín botánico de Matanzas, Cuba.
Case-control study on risk factors for acute hepatitis E in Germany, 2012 to 2014
Authors: Faber Mirko , Askar Mona , Stark Klaus 
Published: May 2018

Background
Notified cases of hepatitis E have increased 40-fold in the past 10 years in Germany. Food safety is a major concern as hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA has been detected in ready-to-eat retail-level food products. The objective of this case–control study was to assess risk factors for autochthonous symptomatic hepatitis E and explore reasons for delays in diagnosis. Methods: Demographic, clinical and exposure data from notified hepatitis E cases and individually matched population controls were collected in semi-standardised telephone interviews. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate matched odds ratios (mOR) and population attributable fractions (PAF). Results: In total, 270 cases and 1,159 controls were included (mean age 53 years, 61% men in both groups). Associated with disease were: consumption of undercooked pork liver, pork, wild boar meat, frankfurters, liver sausage and raw vegetables; contact with waste water (occupational) and various host factors (mORs between 1.9 and 34.1, p value < 0.03). PAF for frankfurters and liver sausage were 17.6%, and 23.6%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the clinical presentation and hospitalisation proportion of acute hepatitis E in men and women. Diagnosis was preceded by more invasive procedures in 29.2% of patients, suggesting that hepatitis E was not immediately considered as a common differential diagnosis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there are indeed sex-specific differences in disease development and lends important epidemiological evidence to specific ready-to-eat pork products as a major source for autochthonous hepatitis E. A review of existing consumer recommendations and production methods may be indicated.
KÜRESEL İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE GÜVENLİK
Authors: VURAL Çağla 
Published: May 2018

Öz

Dünya yüzeyindeki sıcaklık gittikçe artmaktadır. Hızlı nüfus
artışı, kentleşme ve sanayileşme sonucunda atmosfere bırakılan kirletici gazlar
atmosferde sera etkisi yaratmaktadır. Ormanlık alanların yok olması sonucunda
karbondioksit salımını dengeleyecek mekanizmalar işlevsiz hale gelmektedir. Tüm
bunların sonucunda iklim değişikliği; küresel boyutlarda dünyanın en acil
sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır ve söz konusu olaylar güvenlik boyutu ile
de değerlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda küresel iklim değişikliği
çevresel bir güvenlik sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte sorun
geleneksel, ortak, insani ve ekolojik güvenlik yaklaşımları bakımından farklı
bakış açılarıyla ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın gayesi; küresel ölçekte
yaşanan iklim değişikliği sorununun güvenlikle ilişkisinin incelenmesi ve
sorunun çözümüne yönelik en uygun bakış açısını sunabilen güvenlik yaklaşımının
araştırılmasıdır. Bu araştırmalar yapılırken; literatür taraması yöntemine
başvurulmuş; bilimsel kitaplardan, makalelerden, tezlerden ve internet
kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır.
El Inca Garcilaso, nuestro primer gran escritor
Authors: López-Baralt Mercedes 
Published: May 2018

En este ensayo, y desde los Comentarios reales y la Historia general del Perú, abordo los motivos que justifican el epíteto que hace años le vengo otorgando al Inca Garcilaso de la Vega: nuestro primer gran escritor. La primera parte examina el carácter literario de su escritura, considerando la simetría como su principio rector, la poesía de su prosa, la fuerza narrativa de sus cuentos, las alegorías de sus estampas líricas, su anticipación de la memoria autobiográfica como género moderno y la creación de personajes inolvidables y diálogos estremecedores. La segunda calibra el rol del Inca como mitólogo, y explica cómo su orfandad psíquica lo mueve a buscar figuras paternas que sustituyan al padre y a construirse a sí mismo como ente mítico andino: el wakcha. En su obra, el doble —noción mítica milenaria que la modernidad ha hecho suya para aludir a la complejidad del ser humano como ente conflictivo— se convierte en el tropo rector de la creación de sus personajes. Con un manejo magistral, nuestro Inca anticipa en más de dos siglos a Dostoievski. Concluyo ponderando las reverberaciones actuales de la lección magistral que nos ha dejado su celebración del mestizaje.
Calcium oscillations in blood platelets and their possible role in ‘interpreting’ extracellular information by cells
Authors: Shakhidzhanov S S , Balabin F A , Obydennyy S I , Ataullakhanov F I , Sveshnikova A N 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ ions play an important role in the transmission and treatment of information that cells obtain from the ambient environment. Having received an external signal, a cell may increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration within fractions of a second by a factor of several hundred. This phenomenon triggers activation of various cellular systems that generate a response to the external stimulus. In many cells under the effect of external signal the concentration of Ca2+ not only increases, but also starts oscillating. Both the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations are affected by the external signal strength. There are reasons to hypothesize that the conversion of the external signal into the oscillating intracellular signal has some important informational meaning. Methods to measure the dynamics of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and mechanisms that generate the oscillations are reviewed, and hypotheses on how the cell decodes Ca2+ concentration oscillations are presented. Consideration is focused on the platelet, the cell that plays a key role in arresting hemorrhages. If a vessel is damaged, the platelet is rapidly activated. Identical platelets are divided in the process of arresting a hemorrhage into three populations with quite different missions. The platelet seems to somehow ‘interpret’ the set of external signals and uses the Ca2+ concentration oscillations to ‘choose’ the population to which it will belong. Owing to the platelet’s relative simplicity, one can expect that studies of that cell will shortly enable the decryption of the ‘code’ that drives Ca2+ concentration oscillations.
Discovery of a z = 7.452 High Equivalent Width Lyα Emitter from the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Infrared Grism Survey
Authors: Larson Rebecca L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Pirzkal Norbert , Ryan Russell , Tilvi Vithal , Malhotra Sangeeta , Rhoads James , Finkelstein Keely , Jung Intae , Christensen Lise , Cimatti Andrea , Ferreras Ignacio , Grogin Norman , Koekemoer Anton M. , Hathi Nimish , O’Connell Robert , Östlin Göran , Pasquali Anna , Pharo John , Rothberg Barry , Windhorst Rogier A. ,   The FIGS Team
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present the results of an unbiased search for Lyα emission from continuum-selected 5.6 < z < 8.7 galaxies. Our data set consists of 160 orbits of G102 slitless grism spectroscopy obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope(HST)/WFC3 as part of the Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS; PI: Malhotra), which obtains deep slitless spectra of all sources in four fields, and was designed to minimize contamination in observations of previously identified high-redshift galaxy candidates. The FIGS data can potentially spectroscopically confirm the redshifts of galaxies, and as Lyα emission is resonantly scattered by neutral gas, FIGS can also constrain the ionization state of the intergalactic medium during the epoch of reionization. These data have sufficient depth to detect Lyα emission in this epoch, as Tilvi et al. have published the FIGS detection of previously known Lyα emission at z = 7.51. The FIGS data use five separate roll angles of HST to mitigate the contamination by nearby galaxies. We created a method that accounts for and removes the contamination from surrounding galaxies and also removes any dispersed continuum light from each individual spectrum. We searched for significant (>4σ) emission lines using two different automated detection methods, free of any visual inspection biases. Applying these methods on photometrically selected high-redshift candidates between 5.6 < z < 8.7, we find two emission lines, one previously published by Tilvi et al., (2016) and a new line at 1.028 μm, which we identify as Lyα at z = 7.452 ± 0.003. This newly spectroscopically confirmed galaxy has the highest Lyα rest-frame equivalent width (EWLyα
) yet published at z > 7 (140.3 ± 19.0 Å).