bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARAÇÃO FENOLÓGICA DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA BIGNONIACEAE EM UMA ÁREA DE REFLORESTAMENTO E EM ÁREAS URBANAS
Authors: SOUZA Andreia Estela Moreira , Papa Adriana Cristina , Almeida Silva Gabriela de 
Published: February 2019

Fenologia é o estudo das fenofases, ou seja, época de brotação, floração, frutificação e dispersão de sementes, sendo essencial para pesquisas de reprodução que visam a recuperação de áreas degradadas. O trabalho objetivou investigar o padrão fenológico de espécies da família Bignoniaceae em uma área de reflorestamento do campus II da FUNEC- Santa Fé do Sul, comparando com espécies da área urbana. Foram registrados aspectos qualitativos de floração, frutificação, abscisão e brotamento foliar e quantitativos de diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), altura e pH do solo. A área de reflorestamento apresenta aspectos de mata estacional semidecidual, com abscisão foliar no perí­odo de seca. Em relação a fenologia, os espécimes de Jacaranda mimosifolia da área de reflorestamento e urbana apresentaram o mesmo perí­odo de florescimento e frutificação. Não foi observada floração em nenhum Ipê (Tabebuia e Handroanthus) da área de reflorestamento. Na área urbana, floresceram no período esperado, não sendo a temperatura e pluviosidade fatores limitantes. Análises do solo da área de reflorestamento revelaram pH 5, adequado ao florescimento uma vez ser essa uma espécie de cerrado. Embora os Ipês dessa área tenham oito anos e, portanto, já em fase de florescimento, as condições do solo podem tê-lo atrasado. Conclui-se que a ausência de floração e frutificação dos Ipês na área de reflorestamento possivelmente relacionada-se com a escassez de micro e/ou macronutrientes no solo. Os Jacarandás floresceram e frutificaram de acordo com a época esperada, revelando que as condições da área de reflorestamento não foram limitantes para todas as espécies.
Hubungan Demografi Pegawai Dengan Penerapan Dinamika Pembelajaran (Studi Kasus: Kantor Syahbandar Dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur)
Authors: Chairunissa Chairunissa 
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran demografi pegawai dan rata-rata penerapan dinamika pembelajaran di KSOP Teluk Bayur; (2) mengetahui pengaruh faktor demografi pegawai terhadap penerapan dinamika pembelajaran di KSOP Teluk Bayur. Faktor demografi yang diamati adalah umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan masa kerja, sedangkan variabel Dinamika Pembelajaran yang diamati adalah pembelajaran individu, kelompok, dan organisasi.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai administrasi KSOP Teluk Bayur.Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara sensus.Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat melalui uji probabilitas. Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini adalah (1) Hasil rata-rata tingkat penerapan dinamika pembelajaran di KSOP Teluk Bayur 26,7 yang berarti Baik(2) Tidak terdapat pengaruh secara signifikan antara demografi pegawai terhadap penerapan dinamika pembelajaran di KSOP Teluk Bayur. Hal ini dibuktikan dari seluruh uji demografi pegawai menghasilkan nilai probabilitas > 0.05, maka Ho diterima. Kata kunci: demografi, dinamika pembelajaran, pegawai, KSOP Teluk Bayur.
Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity in England, September 2006 to August 2016
Authors: Hungerford Daniel , Allen David J , Nawaz Sameena , Collins Sarah , Ladhani Shamez , Vivancos Roberto , Iturriza-Gómara Miren 
Published: February 2019

Introduction
Rotavirus vaccination with the live-attenuated monovalent (a G1P[8] human rotavirus strain) two-dose Rotarix vaccine was introduced in England in July 2013. Since then, there have been significant reductions in rotavirus gastroenteritis incidence.

Aim
We assessed the vaccine’s impact on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity 3 years post-vaccine introduction.

Methods
Epidemiological and microbiological data on genotyped rotavirus-positive samples between September 2006 and August 2016 were supplied by EuroRotaNet and Public Health England. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year, season and age was used to quantify changes in genotype prevalence in the vaccine period. Genotype diversity was measured using the Shannon’s index (H′) and Simpson’s index of diversity (D).

Results
We analysed genotypes from 8,044 faecal samples. In the pre-vaccine era, G1P[8] was most prevalent, ranging from 39% (411/1,057) to 74% (527/709) per year. In the vaccine era, G1P[8] prevalence declined each season (35%, 231/654; 12%, 154/1,257; 5%, 34/726) and genotype diversity increased significantly in 6–59 months old children (H’ p < 0.001: D p < 0.001). In multinomial analysis, G2P[4] (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aMOR): 9.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.02–12.90), G3P[8] (aMOR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.17–3.81), G12P[8] (aMOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.62–3.73) and G4P[8] (aMOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02–1.96) significantly increased relative to G1P[8].

Conclusions
In the context of reduced rotavirus disease incidence, genotype diversity has increased, with a relative change in the dominant genotype from G1P[8] to G2P[4] after vaccine introduction. These changes will need continued surveillance as the number and age of vaccinated birth cohorts increase in the future.
Timeliness and completeness of routine childhood vaccinations in young children residing in a district with recurrent vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks, Jerusalem, Israel
Authors: Stein-Zamir Chen , Israeli Avi 
Published: February 2019

Background
Childhood vaccination schedules recommend vaccine doses at predefined ages.

Aim
We evaluated vaccination completeness and timeliness in Jerusalem, a district with recurrent vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.

Methods
Vaccination coverage was monitored by the up-to-date method (vaccination completeness at age 2 years). Timeliness of vaccination was assessed in children (n = 3,098, born in 2009, followed to age 48 months, re-evaluated at age 7 years) by the age-appropriate method (vaccine dose timeliness according to recommended schedule). Vaccines included: hepatitis B (HBV: birth, 1 month and 6 months); diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b (DTaP-IPV-Hib: 2, 4, 6 and 12 months); pneumococcal conjugate (PCV: 2, 4 and 12 months); measles-mumps-rubella/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMR/MMRV: 12 months) and hepatitis A (HAV: 18 and 24 months).

Results
Overall vaccination coverage (2014 cohort evaluated at age 2 years) was 95% and 86% for MMR/MMRV and DTaP-IPV-Hib4, respectively. Most children (94%, 91%, 79%, 95%, 92% and 82%) were up-to-date for HBV3, DTaP-IPV-Hib4, PCV3, MMR/MMRV1, HAV1 and HAV2 vaccines at 48 months, but only 32%, 28%, 38%, 58%, 49% and 20% were vaccinated timely (age-appropriate). At age 7 years, the median increase in vaccination coverage was 2.4%. Vaccination delay was associated with: high birth order, ethnicity (higher among Jews vs Arabs), birth in winter, delayed acceptance of first dose of DTaP-IPV-Hib and multiple-dose vaccines (vs MMR/MMRV). Jewish ultra-Orthodox communities had low vaccination coverage.

Conclusions
Considerable vaccination delay should be addressed within the vaccine hesitancy spectrum. Delays may induce susceptibility to vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks; tailored programmes to improve timeliness are required.
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about vaccination in primary healthcare workers involved in the administration of systematic childhood vaccines, Barcelona, 2016/17
Authors: Picchio Camila Andrea , Carrasco Mireia Garcia , Sagué-Vilavella Maria , Rius Cristina 
Published: February 2019

Background
Healthcare professionals are a reliable and impactful source of information on vaccination for parents and children.

Objectives
We aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs primary care professionals involved in administration of childhood vaccines in Barcelona have about vaccines and vaccination.

Methods
In 2016/17, surveys were administered in person to every public primary care centre (PCC) with a paediatrics department (n = 41). Paediatricians and paediatric nurses responded to questions about disease susceptibility, severity, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine safety, confidence in organisations, key immunisation beliefs, and how they vaccinate or would vaccinate their own children. We used standard descriptive analysis to examine the distribution of key outcome and predictor variables and performed bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
Completed surveys were returned by 277 (81%) of 342 eligible participants. A quarter of the respondents reported doubts about at least one vaccine in the recommended childhood vaccination calendar. Those with vaccine doubts chose the response option ‘vaccine-hesitant’ for every single key vaccine belief, knowledge and social norm. Specific vaccine knowledge was lacking in up to 40% of respondents and responses regarding the human papilloma virus vaccine were associated with the highest degree of doubt. Being a nurse a risk factor for having vaccine doubts (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1–3.7) and having children was a predictor of lower risk (ORa = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9).

Conclusions
Despite high reported childhood immunisation rates in Barcelona, paediatricians and paediatric nurses in PCC had vaccine doubts, especially regarding the HPV vaccine.
Childhood vaccinations: knowledge, attitudes and practices of paediatricians and factors associated with their confidence in addressing parental concerns, Italy, 2016
Authors: Filia Antonietta , Bella Antonino , D’Ancona Fortunato , Fabiani Massimo , Giambi Cristina , Rizzo Caterina , Ferrara Lorenza , Pascucci Maria Grazia , Rota Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2019

Background
Paediatrician recommendations are known to influence parental vaccine decisions.

Aim
Our aim was to examine vaccination knowledge, attitudes and practices among paediatricians in Italy and identify factors associated with their confidence in addressing parental questions.

Methods
An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted from February to March 2016, among a sample of Italian paediatricians.

Results
The survey was completed by 903 paediatricians (mean age: 56 years). Of 885 who responded to the specific question, 843 (95.3%) were completely favourable to vaccinations. Sixty-six per cent (570/862) felt sufficiently knowledgeable about vaccinations and vaccine-preventable diseases to confidently discuss them with parents. Paediatricians who were male, who were 55 years or older, who had participated in training courses in the last 5 years, who reported that taking courses and reading the scientific literature had contributed to their knowledge, or who had implemented vaccination promotion activities, felt more knowledgeable than other paediatricians. When asked to rate their level of agreement with statements about vaccine safety and effectiveness, only 8.9% (80/903) responded fully as expected. One third (294/878) did not systematically verify that their patients are up to date with the immunisation schedule. Only 5.4% (48/892) correctly identified all true and false contraindications.

Conclusions
The majority of paediatricians in Italy are favourable to vaccination but gaps were identified between their overall positive attitudes and their knowledge, beliefs and practices. Targeted interventions are needed aimed at increasing paediatricians’ confidence in addressing parents’ concerns, strengthening trust towards health authorities and improving systems barriers.
WLAN/WiMAX Uygulamaları için Geniş Bant Mikroşerit Dipol Anten Tasarımı
Authors: SONDAŞ Adnan 
Published: February 2019

Mikroşerit antenler az hacim
kaplamaları, hafif ve yüzeye uyumlu olmaları, fazla maliyet gerektirmemeleri,
üretimlerinin kolay olması gibi avantajları nedeni ile günümüzde kablosuz
haberleşmenin her alanında sıklıkla tercih edilmektedirler. Bu yapıların en
büyük dezavantajları ise dar bantlı performans sergilemeleridir. Çalışmalarda
bu sorunu gidermek için anten geometrisi ile oynanarak veya antene yeni
eklemeler yapılarak daha geniş bantlı karakteristikler elde edilmiştir.
Literatürdeki geniş bantlı mikroşerit tasarımlar incelendiğinde, klasik
mikroşerit dipol antenlerin bu uygulamalar için pek tercih edilmedikleri
görülmektedir.

Bildiride,
WLAN/WiMAX uygulamalarında kullanılabilecek olan geniş bantlı klasik bir
mikroşerit dipol anten tasarımı tanıtılmaktadır. Tasarımda, dipol elemanın
beslemesi yakınlarına asimetrik ve aynı düzlemde olacak şekilde bükülmüş şerit
yüklemeler eklenmiştir. Bu dipol ve yükleme elemanlarının rezonansları
birbirine yaklaştırılarak da geniş bantlı anten performansı elde edilmiştir.
İlgili tasarım %43’lük frekans bant genişliğine sahiptir ve 2.36-3.67 GHz aralığında
performans göstermektedir. Tasarım ilgili bantta yönsüz bir ışıma örüntüsüne ve
2.36 dBi seviyelerinde yönlendirme kazancına sahiptir. Bildiride, önerilen
anten tasarımının CST Microwave Studio benzetim programı ile elde edilmiş
sayısal analiz sonuçlarına yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca tasarımın geometrik
boyutlarının anten performansına olan etkilerini anlayabilmek için bazı
parametrik çalışmalar da yapılmış ve bildiride bu parametrik analiz sonuçlarına
da yer verilmiştir.
Metaphors and Translation
Authors: Meneghini Daniela 
Published: February 2019

The question of the translation of the figures of speech is a debated and complex field of studies. In the present work, after a brief introduction, I propose to ponder over with concrete examples on the translation of some figures of speech (metaphor, comparison and hyperbole) from Persian into Italian, taking as a source and representative text a passage from the poem Khosrow o Širin by Neẓāmi Ganjavi (XII century). This is a text of extraordinary imaginative and creative power, which represents a hard challenge for a translator, especially at a rhetoric level. Through the analysis of some verses that describe the pain of Princess Širin, I will try to verify methods, possibilities, strategies and defeats for their translation into Italian.
Analisa Struktur Box Girder Jalan Layang Kereta Api Kualanamu
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

<p>Pembangunan jalan layang kereta api sepanjang ± 8 km yang merupakan bagian dari rencana membangun jalur Stasiun Medan-Stasiun Bandara Kualanamu dengan total panjang 27 km merupakan bagian dari rencana pembangunan “Indonesia-sentris” yang tidak lagi terkonsentrasi di Pulau Jawa. Penggunaan beton prategang sangat mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur Indonesia, khususnya Jalan Layang Kereta Api Kualanamu di kota Medan yang menggunakan <em>box girder</em> dengan tinggi penampang 2400 mm sebagai komponen strukturalnya. Studi kasus beton prategang <em>box girder</em> Jalan Layang Kereta Api Kualanamu dengan bentang 40 meter dibagi dalam 15 (lima belas) segmen yang selanjutnya akan dihubungkan antar segmennya dengan proses <em>stressing</em> (pemberian gaya prategang). Studi ini menjelaskan keefektifan penampang girdernya yang memiliki tendon–tendon internal yang diisi kabel baja <em>strand</em> diameter 12,7 mm berjumlah 60 buah. Selanjutnya, menganalisa persentase kehilangan gaya prategang yang terjadi pada tendonnya akibat perpendekan elastis, gesekan pada tendon, rangkak, susut pada beton dan sebagainya. Semua data yang diperoleh di lapangan, berasal di PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk dan analisa beban dengan metode SNI T-12 2004. Sebagai tambahan diperkenalkan langkah–langkah proses produksi beton prategang <em>box girder,</em> mulai dari penulangan sampai pengecoran di pabrik beton pracetak. Kehilangan gaya prategang yang terjadi sebesar </p>
Analisa Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Umum Rute Medan-Rantau Prapat dengan Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Zahara Zelvia , Lubis Marwan 
Published: February 2019

<p>Dalam penelitian ini diteliti faktor atau karakteristik apa saja yang paling berpengaruh dalam pemilihan moda transportasi umum rute Medan-Rantau Prapat, dalam hal ini diperbandingkan antara kereta api dan Bus Chandra. Survey berupa kuesioner yang akan disebar di stasiun kereta api dan Bus Chandra. Hasil survey kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan metode <em>Analytic Hierarchy Process</em> (AHP). Dari analisa data diperoleh faktor yang paling berpengaruh ialah faktor keamanan dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 27%, diikuti oleh kenyamanan 19%, kemudahan 16%, <em>headway</em> 13%, biaya 13%, dan terakhir waktu perjalanan dengan bobot 12%. Hasil bobot prioritas antar kriteria untuk kereta api ialah: Urutan Pertama Faktor Kenyamanan dengan bobot 23%, diikuti oleh waktu perjalanan 21%, keamanan 20%, headway 14%, kemudahan 14%, terakhir biaya dengan bobot 8%. Hasil bobot prioritas antar kriteria untuk Bus Chandra ialah: Urutan Pertama Faktor Biaya dengan bobot 27%, diikuti oleh, kemudahan dan headway 20%, keamanan 12%, waktu perjalanan 12%, terakhir faktor kenyamanan dengan bobot 9%. Dan moda terbaik pilihan pelaku perjalanan berdasarkan kriteria yang ada adalah kereta api dengan bobot 62%, sedangkan Bus Chandra kurang diminati dengan bobot 38%.</p><p class="1judul"> </p>
Implementasi Algoritma Apriori Pada Data Benchmark Kosarak Dan Mushrooms
Authors: Muliono Rizki 
Published: February 2019

<p>Algoritma apriori saat ini lebih banyak digunakan untuk mencari frequent itemsets dan mencari aturan asosiasi untuk menemukan knowledge. Proses mencari frequent itemsets pada data secara berulang-ulang yang ada didalam database dan diakhiri ketika kandidat itemsets sampai K+1 tidak ada lagi. Algorima Apriori menggunakan secara umum menggunakan banyak jumlah memori dan waktu eksekusi dalam menemukan kombinasi dan perbandingan frequent itemsets. Hasil yang di dapatkan dengan menggunakan algoritma apriori bisa di katakan akurat saat menseleksi kombinasi itemset yang ada pada dataset sesuai dengan nilai support dan confidens nya. Untuk mengetahui seberapa akurat dan berapa jumlah sumberdaya yang di gunakan serta bagaimana perilaku algoritma apriori terhadap dataset dengan jumlah kolom data yang berbeda, maka implementasi agoritma apriori di ujikan dengan data benchmark kosarak.dat dan mushrooms.dat dengan nilai minimum support yang sama. Kedua data sets tersebut memiliki format yang berbeda pada jumlah kolom datanya yaitu data pada semua baris memiliki jumlah kolom karakter data, pada datasets kosarak.datmemiliki kolom karakter dengan panjang berbeda-beda pada setiap barisnya sedangkan pada datasets mushrooms.dat memiliki kolom karakter sebanyak 23 karakter data, artinya datasets tersebut memiliki model blok data linear atau sama. Hasil dari implementasi algoritma apriori terhadap kedua datasets tersebut didapatkan perilaku proses pada apriori yang ditampilkan dari hasil waktu eksekusi dan memori yang dipakai bahwa datasets kosarak lebih sedikit menggunakan waktu dibandingkan dengan datasets mushrooms namun penggunaan memori lebih boros, semakin kecil nilai minimum support semakin banyak komparasi kandidat yang dicari.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : </strong>apriori;<em> datamining</em>; implementasi; kosarak;<em> mushrooms</em></p>
PERANCANGAN ALAT UJI IMPAK CHARPY SEDERHANA UNTUK MATERIAL LOGAM BAJA ST 30
Authors: Fikar Zul 
Published: February 2019

<p class="Default"><em>Perkembangan penelitian kekuatan bahan telah banyak dilakukan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik suatu bahan terhadap berbagai jenis beban yang diberikan sebelum dipergunakan pada suatu sistem permesinan. Kendala terbesar saat ini khususnya di wilayah Sumatera Utara ialah langkanya alat-alat uji kekuatan bahan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat uji kekuatan bahan akibat beban impak (tumbukan) dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan yang mudah diperoleh dan peralatan yang cukup sederhana. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan sebagai suatu usaha inovasi untuk memecahkan masalah kelangkaan alat uji kekuatan bahan untuk jenis-jenis beban uji lainnya. Metode pengujian impak yang dipergunakan dalam perancangan ini ialah jenis uji impak Charpy. Metode ini menggunakan teknik ayunan lengan untuk mendapatkan energi impak suatu bahan. Besarnya energi impak yang dihasilkan dihitung berdasarkan sudut ayunan yang dibentuk setelah proses pengimpakan. Panjang lengan bandul ialah 750 mm dengan berat bandul 15 kg. Untuk mengukur sudut ayunan digunakan skala sudut bulat yang diletakkan tepat satu sumbu dengan sumbu ayunan. Hasilnya diperoleh alat uji impak ayunan bandul dengan spesifikasi seperti telah dijelaskan sebelumnya. Hasil uji coba mpak pada bahan baja ST 30 memperlihatkan energi impak pada bahan tersebut </em></p>
UNJUK KERJA DAN PERANCANGAN POROS DAN BANTALAN PADA MESIN DIESEL C 223 78 HP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DINAMOMETER
Authors: Marbun Erickson 
Published: February 2019

<p>Dinamometer adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi sebuah mesin. Menurut tipe nya dinamometer dibagi menjadi dinamometer transmisi, dinamometer penggerak dan dinamometer absorsi. Dinamometer tipe water brake adalah salah satu macam dari dinamometer absorsi. Dinamometer tipe water brake adalah bentuk lain sebuah pompa penyerap hidraulik. Konsep dinamometer tipe water brake sama dengan pompa sentrifugal, tetapi yang tidak efisien. Setelah diproduksi maka sebuah dinamometer perlu diuji untuk mengetahui spesifikasi dari dinamometer tersebut. Jarangnya penggunaan chassis dinamometer tipe water brake membuat sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengetahui cara dan langkah kerja dari alat ini, maka dibutuhkan sebuah panduan berupa buku petunjuk operasi yang berisi tentang penjelasan dan langkah-langkah pengukuran daya kendaraan dengan menggunakan chassis dinamometer tipe water brake. Dari hasil pengujian dapat diketahui bahwa semakin besar debit air yang dialirkan maka semakin besar daya yang diserap oleh dinamometer. Chassis dinamometer yang dikarakterisasi dapat digunakan untuk mengukur daya sesuai dengan trendline grafik torsi dan daya mesin uji yang digunakan yaitu 29.56 hp/2962 rpm dan torsi hingga 76.03 N.m / 2542 rpm. Daya yang terukur bukan merupakan daya maksimal yang mampu diserap oleh dinamometer, melainkan daya dari mesin yang di uji.</p>
ANALISA MAMPU KERAS BAJA ST 60 DENGAN METODE ALAT JOMINY TEST
Authors: Yadi Indra 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>Mampu keras baja merupakan petunjuk penting untuk menentukan pola laku panas dan sifat bahan yang akan dilakukan dalam menghasilkan produk komponen. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui hardenability baja, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode uji jominy. Penelitian ini, menggunakan metode uji jominy, dengan parameter temperature austenisasi, waktu penahanan, media pendingin, kemudian diverifikasikan dengan hasil prediksi menggunakan metodepersamaan numerik tidak linear. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh, bahwa makin tinggi temperatur austenisasi dan makin lama waktu penahanan, nilai kekerasan akan semakin meningkat. Sedangkan untuk baja dengan laju pendiginan cepat kekerasannya lebih tinggi dibanding dengan baja pendinginan lambat.Data dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat digunakan dalam penentuan laku panas yang sesuai dengan sifat mekanik yang diinginkan dan untuk menghindari terjadinya distorsi<strong>.</strong>terutama menggunakan bahan st 60 sebagai bahan uji dalam penelitian ini, karana bahan tersebut banyak digunakan dalam konstruksi–kontruksi maupun mesin-mesin industi sebagai material pembuat alat tersebut.</em></p>