bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor transcript‐protein correlation in the brain: negatively correlating gene products reveal neuronal polarity as a potential cause
Authors: Moritz Christian P. , Mühlhaus Timo , Tenzer Stefan , Schulenborg Thomas , Friauf Eckhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTranscription, translation, and turnover of transcripts and proteins are essential for cellular function. The contribution of those factors to protein levels is under debate, as transcript levels and cognate protein levels do not necessarily correlate due to regulation of translation and protein turnover. Here we propose neuronal polarity as a third factor that is particularly evident in the CNS, leading to considerable distances between somata and axon terminals. Consequently, transcript levels may negatively correlate with cognate protein levels in CNS regions, i.e., transcript and protein levels behave reciprocally. To test this hypothesis, we performed an integrative inter‐omics study and analyzed three interconnected rat auditory brainstem regions (cochlear nuclear complex, CN; superior olivary complex, SOC; inferior colliculus, IC) and the rest of the brain as a reference. We obtained transcript and protein sets in these regions of interest (ROIs) by DNA microarrays and label‐free mass spectrometry, and performed principal component and correlation analyses. We found 508 transcript|protein pairs and detected poor to moderate transcript|protein correlation in all ROIs, as evidenced by coefficients of determination from 0.34 to 0.54. We identified 57‐80 negatively correlating gene products in the ROIs and intensively analyzed four of them for which the correlation was poorest. Three cognate proteins (Slc6a11, Syngr1, Tppp) were synaptic and hence candidates for a negative correlation because of protein transport into axon terminals. Thus, we systematically analyzed the negatively correlating gene products. Gene ontology analyses revealed overrepresented transport/synapse‐related proteins, supporting our hypothesis. We present 30 synapse/transport‐related proteins with poor transcript|protein correlation. In conclusion, our analyses support that protein transport in polar cells is a third factor that influences the protein level and, thereby, the transcript|protein correlation.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* and *Open Data* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript and because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed at https://osf.io/ha28n/. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Inhibition of bioenergetics provides novel insights into recruitment of PINK1‐dependent neuronal mitophagy
Authors: Shin Yea Seul , Ryall James G. , Britto Joanne M. , Lau Chew L. , Devenish Rodney J. , Nagley Phillip , Beart Philip M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContributions of damaged mitochondria to neuropathologies have stimulated interest in mitophagy. We investigated triggers of neuronal mitophagy by disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism in primary neurons. Mitophagy was examined in cultured murine cerebellar granule cells after inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain by drugs rotenone, 3‐nitropropionic acid, antimycin A, and potassium cyanide, targeting complexes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Inhibitor concentrations producing slow cellular demise were determined from analyses of cellular viability, morphology of neuritic damage, plasma membrane permeability, and oxidative phosphorylation. Live cell imaging of dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by drugs targeting mitochondrial complexes was referenced to complete depolarization by carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone. While inhibition of complexes I, III and IV effected rapid dissipation of ΔΨm, inhibition of complex II using 3‐nitropropionic acid led to minimal depolarization of mitochondria. Nonetheless, all respiratory chain inhibitors triggered mitophagy as indicated by increased aggregation of mitochondrially localized PINK1. Mitophagy was further analyzed using a dual fluorescent protein biosensor reporting mitochondrial relocation to acidic lysosomal environment. Significant acidification of mitochondria was observed in neurons treated with rotenone or 3‐nitropropionic acid, revealing mitophagy at distal processes. Neurons treated with antimycin A or cyanide failed to show mitochondrial acidification. Minor dissipation of ΔΨm by 3‐nitropropionic acid coupled with vigorous triggering of mitophagy suggested depolarization of mitochondria is not a necessary condition to trigger mitophagy. Moreover, weak elicitation of mitophagy by antimycin A, subsequent to loss of ΔΨm, suggested that mitochondrial depolarization is not a sufficient condition for triggering robust neuronal mitophagy. Our findings provide new insight into complexities of mitophagic clearance of neuronal mitochondria.
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Medical emergency department attendance of under 16‐year‐olds with dental problems
Authors: Parten Nicola J. , Taylor Greig D. , Currie Charlotte C. , Durham Justin , Vernazza Christopher R. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundMedical emergency departments (MED) are under increasing pressure in the UK with suggestions that unnecessary attendances to MED, which may include dental problems, are to blame.ObjectivesThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the period prevalence of under 16‐year‐olds attendance to medical emergency departments (MED) with oral and dental problems over a 5‐year period and investigate reason for attendance. This cross‐sectional study was carried out as part of a service evaluation at the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.MethodsRetrospective data were collected between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016 from the MED database using coding and a free text search of all paediatric attendances. The data were then analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOver the 5‐year period, 135 760 under 16‐year‐olds attended the MED. Of these, 868 (0.6%) attended for dental problems. The most common dental reasons for attendance were as follows: Candida accounted for 22.6% of the 0‐ to 5‐year‐olds; dental trauma accounted for 29.5% of 6‐ to 11‐year‐olds; and mandibular fractures accounted for 18.9% of the 12‐ to 16‐year‐olds. Of those who attended the MED for dental problems, 28.5% resided in areas with an Index of Multiple Deprivation decile of 1, the areas of highest deprivation in the UK.ConclusionMany of the diagnoses may have been appropriately managed elsewhere in the community, which may result in improved treatment provision and tailored care pathways, as well as reducing strain on the MED. Further research is needed to investigate why patients attend MED with dental problems.
Effects of maxillary expansion on the upper airways: Evidence from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Bucci Rosaria , Montanaro Danilo , Rongo Roberto , Valletta Rosa , Michelotti Ambra , D'Antò Vincenzo 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundConstricted maxilla is frequently associated with reduced nasal airway dimensions. Wheatear skeletal maxillary expansion (ME) is effective on the dimension of the upper airways is still a debated issue.ObjectivesThis overview aimed to report the evidence provided by systematic reviews (SRs) on the effect of ME on the upper airways and to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs.MethodsSix electronic databases have been explored up to November 2017. After title and abstract screening, SRs addressing the effects of fixed palatal expanders on the dimension and function of the nasal airways were included. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the updated version of A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review (AMSTAR‐2).ResultsEight SRs were included. The methodological quality of most of the included SRs ranged between low and critically low. One SR was rated of high quality. A significant increase in nasal linear dimensions was reported both in the short and long term, but supported by low‐/critically low‐quality SRs. The significant increase in nasal cavity volume was the only outcome supported by a high‐quality SR Controversial results were found with regards to nasal function.ConclusionWhenever a constricted maxilla is present general dentists, paediatricians and ENTs should be familiar with the potential improvement provided by ME. However, due to the low/critically low quality of SRs supporting these results, ME cannot be indicated only for upper airways enhancement, but should be supported by an orthodontic indication.
Oromandibular dystonia, mental distress and oro‐facial dysfunction—A follow‐up 8‐10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin
Authors: Bakke Merete , Baram Sara , Dalager Torben , Biernat Heidi Bryde , Møller Eigild 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundOromandibular dystonia (OMD) with involuntary jaw and tongue movements may be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and because of the complex muscle activity and involvement of several small muscles, OMD is also considered difficult to treat.ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate OMD in patients 8‐10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin (BoNT) by self‐reported and standardised global scales and questionnaires.MethodsOf 21 previously reported patients with OMD, 14 responded to a mail health questionnaire to describe the disease course and treatment effect as well as the overall impact of OMD by a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depression and anxiety, and the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS). The results were analysed with non‐parametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test and Spearman's rank‐order correlations).ResultsThe OMD was still present in 13 patients. In nine patients, the BoNT treatment had continued as monotherapy or combined with oral medication. VAS for OMD was significantly reduced (P < 0.04) over the years, and most patients felt improvement from the treatment. However, the patients had still some functional limitations, typically regarding jaw mobility and communication, and both JFLS and mental distress (PHQ) were significantly correlated with the OMD VAS (rS 0.77 and 0.74).ConclusionThe results showed marked reduction of the experienced OMD with treatment and over time, and also stressed similarities between OMD and TMD. Both dentists and neurologists should be aware of this overlap and reduce misdiagnosis by applying an interdisciplinary approach.
Temporomandibular joint damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Diagnostic validity of diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Alstergren Per , Ammendola Lucia , Bucci Rosaria , Alessio Maria , D'Antò Vincenzo , Michelotti Ambra 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundDiagnostic criteria reported in the expanded taxonomy for temporomandibular disorders include a standardised clinical examination and diagnosis (DC/TMD 3.B) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) damage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); however, their validity is unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the validity of DC/TMD 3.B for the identification of TMJ damage in JIA‐patients, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as gold standard, and to investigate the relation between clinical findings and TMJ damage.MethodsFifty consecutive JIA patients (9‐16 years) were recruited. DC/TMD 3.B were compared with TMJs MRI (100 TMJs) performed maximum at 1 month from the visit. The severity of TMJ damage was scored in four grades. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), logistic regression models with odds ratio of DC/TMD 3.B and clinical findings respect to MRI were calculated.ResultsThe DC/TMD 3.B were inadequate in the identification of TMJ damage (sensitivity = 0.15, specificity = 0.92, PPV = 0.85, NPV = 0.28, P = 0.350). Chin deviation and TMJ crepitus were associated with worse TMJ damage (P = 0.006; P = 0.034). Reduced mouth opening (OR = 3.91, P = 0.039) and chin deviation (OR = 13.7, P = 0.014) were associated with the presence of TMJ damage. Combining “pain” (history of pain, TMJ pain, pain during movements) and “function” (TMJ crepitus, reduced mouth opening, chin deviation) clinical findings, the sensitivity and the specificity were 0.88 and 0.54.ConclusionDC/TMD 3.B present a low sensitivity to diagnose TMJ damage. Chin deviation, reduced mouth opening and TMJ crepitus are associated with TMJ damage. We suggest combining “pain” and “function” findings for the evaluation of TMJ damage in JIA patients.
Effects of exercise therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Shimada Akiko , Ishigaki Shoichi , Matsuka Yoshizo , Komiyama Osamu , Torisu Tetsurou , Oono Yuka , Sato Hitoshi , Naganawa Takuya , Mine Atsushi , Yamazaki Yoko , Okura Kazuo , Sakuma Yasushi , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions among orofacial pain. Painful TMD condition such as myalgia and arthralgia can be managed by exercise therapy. However, as it is hard to access actual effect of each modality that is included in an exercise therapy programme due to multiple choice of the management modality, their efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, this review focused on the effects of exercise therapy for the management of painful TMD. The aims of this review were to summarise the effects of exercise therapy for major symptoms of painful TMD and to establish a guideline for the management of painful TMD, resulting in higher quality and reliability of dental treatment. In this review, exercise modalities are clearly defined as follows: mobilisation exercise, muscle strengthening exercise (resistance training), coordination exercise and postural exercise. Furthermore, pain intensity and range of movements were focused as outcome parameters in this review. Mobilisation exercise including manual therapy, passive jaw mobilisation with oral appliances and voluntary jaw exercise appeared to be a promising option for painful TMD conditions such as myalgia and arthralgia. This review addressed not only the effects of exercise therapy on various clinical conditions of painful TMD shown in the past, but also an urgent need for consensus among dentists and clinicians in terms of the management of each condition, as well as terminology.
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein upregulates the ETB and α1 receptors in mouse mesenteric arteries in vivo by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Zeng Zhong-San , Lin Jie , Xu Cang-Bao , Cao Lei , Chen Chen , Li Jie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The current study aimed to explore whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) via tail vein injection upregulates the ETB and α1 receptors in mouse mesenteric arteries by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Methods
The contraction curves of the mesenteric arteries caused by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c, ETB receptor agonist) and phenylephrine (PE, α1 receptor agonist) were measured by a myograph system. Serum oxLDL was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of the ETB receptor, the α1 receptor, PI3K, p-PI3K and p-Akt were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses.

Key findings
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein noticeably enhanced the contraction effect curves of S6c and PE, with significantly increased Emax values (P &lt; 0.01), compared to those of the control group. This treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of the ETB and α1 receptors and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in the vessel wall (P &lt; 0.01). LY294002 inhibited the effect of mmLDL.

Conclusions
An increase in mmLDL activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, which upregulated the expression of the ETB and α1 receptors and enhanced the ETB and α1-receptor-mediated contractile function.
Systematic review of young children's writing on screen: what do we know and what do we need to know
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia , Wells Rowe Deborah , Oliver Lucy , Piestrzynski Laura E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWriting is part and parcel of children's active meaning‐making on and with screens, but it has been relatively neglected in the literature focused on children's digital literacies. This study synthesises existing empirical evidence focused on young children's (aged between 2 and 8 years) writing on screen and identifies the relationships between dominant themes in published literature and contemporary theories of children's technology use. A systematic literature review that included studies from diverse disciplines yielded 21 papers. Constant comparative analysis generated five themes that indicate four key directions for future research. We call attention to researchers'theoretical framingto supplement mono‐disciplinary approaches and single levels of analysis. We suggest that future research should provide greaterspecification of the purposeof children's writing on screen and the differenttypes of tools and applicationssupporting the activity. We also highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches that would capture the composing stages involved in the writing process with andaroundscreens. Finally, we point out possibleage‐related differencesin documenting and reporting the composing process in classrooms. Overall, limitations in the current evidence base highlight the need for research conducted from a critical perspective and focused more directly on multimodality.
Children with autism and picture books: extending the reading experiences of autistic learners of primary age
Authors: Tabernero Rosa , Calvo Virginia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAutistic learners master visual and spatial abilities; they use visual language to organise, understand and give meaning to the world. Although they might struggle with verbal skills, they have an associative way of thinking. Taking into consideration the characteristics of seven autistic pupils, the aim of this paper was to identify the potential of picture books in relation to autistic readers in order to explain why picture books can be supportive tools for improving verbal and social communication skills. The findings, based on a qualitative case study and a reader response framework, show that picture books help children with autism develop social and communication skills as well as foster imagination. Their written outcomes clearly showed children's need to tell stories.
Bile acids increase steroidogenesis in cholemic mice and induce cortisol secretion in adrenocortical H295R cells via S1PR2, ERK and SF‐1
Authors: Liu Lei , Panzitt Katrin , Racedo Silvia , Wagner Martin , Platzer Wolfgang , Zaufel Alex , Theiler‐Schwetz Verena , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Müller Helmut , Höfler Gerald , Heinemann Akos , Zollner Gernot , Fickert Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsBile acids are now accepted as central signalling molecules for the regulation of glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Adrenal gland cortex cells express the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR), the G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) and the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). We aimed to determine the effects of cholestasis and more specifically of bile acids on cortisol production.MethodsFXR and TGR5 knockout mice and controls were subjected to common bile duct ligation (CBDL) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) feeding to model cholestasis. Human adrenocortical H295R cells were challenged with bile acids for mechanistic studies.ResultsWe found that CBDL and CDCA feeding increased the levels of corticosterone, the rodent equivalent to human cortisol and mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenesis‐related enzymes in adrenals independent of FXR and TGR5. Taurine‐conjugated CDCA (TCDCA) significantly stimulated cortisol secretion, phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and expression of steroidogenesis‐related genes in human adrenocortical H295R cells. FXR and TGR5 agonists failed to induce cortisol secretion in H295R cells. S1PR2 inhibition significantly abolished TCDCA‐induced cortisol secretion, lowered phosphorylation of ERK and abrogated enhanced transcription of steroidogenesis‐related genes in H295R cells. Likewise, siRNA S1PR2 treatment reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and cortisol secretion. Steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1) transactivation activity was increased upon TCDCA treatment suggesting that bile acid signalling is linked to SF‐1. Treatment with SF‐1 inverse agonist AC45594 also reduced TCDCA‐induced steroidogenesis.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that supraphysiological bile acid levels as observed in cholestasis stimulate steroidogenesis via an S1PR2‐ERK‐SF‐1 signalling pathway.
On the Same Wavelength: Exploring Team Neurosynchrony in Undergraduate Dyads Solving a Cyberlearning Problem With Collaborative Scripts
Authors: Antonenko Pavlo D. , Davis Robert , Wang Jiahui , Celepkolu Mehmet 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAs teammates adjust their cognition and behavior, synchronizations of information can be observed across verbal, postural, and neurophysiological systems. This study explored the synchrony of mutually interacting brains, or team neurosynchrony, during cyber‐enabled collaborative problem solving. Mixed‐sex dyads defined and solved an authentic problem using either a social script or an epistemic script. Alpha‐band phase‐locking value, or the absolute value of the sum of the phase differences of electrodes at a particular time and frequency across a number of epochs, was used as a measure of team neurosynchrony. Contrary to our hypotheses, analyses revealed greater alpha‐band phase‐locking values between the central and parietal electrodes of dyad members in the epistemic script condition. Mean alpha phase‐locking values were positively correlated with collaborative problem solving performance and negatively correlated with time spent on the problem solving process, suggesting that epistemic scripts were more effective scaffolds of collaborative problem solving compared to social scripts in this study.
Accuracy and Credal Imprecision
Authors: Berger Dominik , Das Nilanjan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany have claimed that epistemic rationality sometimes requires us to have imprecise credal states (i.e., credal states representable only by sets of credence functions) rather than precise ones (i.e., credal states representable by single credence functions). Some writers have recently argued that this claim conflicts with accuracy‐centered epistemology, i.e., the project of justifying epistemic norms by appealing solely to the overall accuracy of the doxastic states they recommend. But these arguments are far from decisive. In this essay, we prove some new results, which show that there is little hope for reconciling the rationality of credal imprecision with accuracy‐centered epistemology.