bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principal–principal agency conflict and information quality in China
Authors: Safdar Raheel , Chaudhry Naveed Iqbal , Mirza Sultan Sikandar , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the role of principal–principal (P–P) agency conflict in shaping the information environment of firms in China. Moreover, it investigates whether audit quality and analyst following play any role in moderating the effects of P–P agency conflict.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used principal component analysis to synthesize a measure of P–P agency conflict and used accruals quality as measure of information quality. They used two-step Arellano Bond system GMM estimators to cope with potential endogeniety in the model. Moreover, they also performed subsample analyses based on state ownership to ensure the robustness of findings.

Findings
The results of this paper provide evidence that high P–P agency conflict is associated with poor information quality in China. But this is not true for subsample of state-owned enterprises. Moreover, better audit quality and high analyst following mitigate the negative effects of high P–P agency conflict on information quality but only in subsample of non-state-owned enterprises.

Originality value
The findings of this paper are important, as they contribute in literature on forces shaping the information environment of firms. Moreover, it presents audit quality and analyst following as external governance mechanisms to alleviate the negative consequences of the P–P agency conflict vastly embedded in the ownership structure of firms in China.
The influence of Egyptian context on the trade-off between earnings management approaches
Authors: Makhaiel Nargis Kaisar Boles 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims at studying earnings management phenomenon in its wider social and economic context to get better understanding for the following points: whether there is “one-size-fits-all” earning management approach which can be widespread applied among nations and whether the Egyptian context affects managers’ trade-off between three different earnings management approaches: accounting, operational and investment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts interpretive approach and analyses data from official documents and 34 interviews with company executives; financial analysts; external auditors; and Stock Exchange regulators to inform our understanding of the influence of the Egyptian context on the trade-off between earnings management approaches.FindingsThe results show that there is no application for “one-size-fits-all” earning management approach; unlike the developed cultures, where R&D expenses and overproduction are extensively used for boosting profits, in Egyptian context they are not valid tools. The findings indicate that the Egyptian political and economic context remarkably affect managers trade-off earnings management approaches, leading executives to prefer operational manipulation compared with others.Originality/valueThis paper extends but adds to the literature by shedding light on the different implications of earning management theories based on the variation in the political, economic and operational contexts of firms; identifying that operational cash flows matter more to managers than accounting profits; focusing on the fact that managers differentiate and compare between three various earning management approaches: accounting techniques, investment activities and operational activities; and showing that changes in political and economic Egyptian context makes operational manipulation favorable to be adopted compared with others. It also overcomes the criticism of New Institutional Sociology Theory.
The adoption of integrated reporting: a developing country perspective
Authors: Bananuka Juma , Tumwebaze Zainabu , Orobia Laura 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish why firms in developing countries are slow to adopt integrated reporting (IR) and what needs to be done to ensure such firms embrace the practice of integrated reporting using evidence from Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a narrative cross sectional survey conducted using qualitative data collection techniques specifically the structured interviews. We conducted interviews on senior executive managers of Capital Markets Authority, Professional accountancy bodies, Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) and firms listed on Uganda Securities Exchange. The study also involved an analysis of annual reports of listed firms on USE from 2010 to 2016.

Findings
Results suggest that, firms are slow to adopt integrated reporting because of the scarce resources, culture and leadership, stakeholders demand, the regulatory requirement, the effect of globalization and the mindset, lack of awareness about IR and the nature of business and size. Results further suggest that integrated reporting be made mandatory for all firms, especially those that are publicly interested, such as financial institutions, and those that are listed on the stock exchange.

Originality/value
IR being an emerging phenomenon there are few empirical studies exploring IR practices in a developing economy perspective. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first paper that provides some insights into IR from a Ugandan perspective using the Diffusion of innovation theory.
Earnings relevance changes post the Egyptian revolution crisis
Authors: Abdallah Sara 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether the value relevance of accounting information has been affected by the occurrence of the Egyptian revolution financial crisis. More specifically, this paper examines the value relevance changes of three key accounting constructs: operating cash flow, normal non-discretionary accruals and discretionary accruals before and after the Egyptian revolution crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is used to examine the changes in earnings value relevance across before and after the Egyptian revolution crisis. The performance matched Jones model (Kothari et al., 2005) is used to estimate the discretionary accruals.

Findings
After the Egyptian revolution financial crisis, the discretionary accruals (DAC) information value has significantly improved. However, the non-discretionary earnings components (OCF and NDAC) have minimal changes. The evidence of further analysis indicates that managers are using the discretionary accruals to signal the future adding value investments that respond optimally to changes in discount rates.

Research limitations/implications
The paper extends the literature debate about earnings management over a financial crisis; the findings provide implications for regulatory bodies that could learn how the common incentives of firms to attract potential investors during a crisis could lead them to provide a high-quality financial reporting.

Originality/value
Using data from the Egyptian market, the paper fills a research gap by examining the value relevance of earnings and tests whether the revolution crisis has influenced earnings reporting and firms’ values from a relatively developing country with special institutional and enforcement backgrounds.
The relationship between credit risk management and non-performing assets of commercial banks in India
Authors: Sharifi Sirus , Haldar Arunima , Rao S.V.D. Nageswara 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of credit risk components on the performance of credit risk management and the growth in non-performing assets (NPAs) of commercial banks in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The data are obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data are collected by administering questionnaire among risk managers of Indian banks. The secondary data on NPAs of Indian banks are from annual reports and Prowess database compiled by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. Multiple linear regression is used to estimate the models for the study.

Findings
The results suggest that the identification of credit risk significantly affects the credit risk performance. The results are robust as credit risk identification is negatively related to annual growth in NPAs or loans. There is evidence in support of a priori expectation of better credit risk performance of private banks compared to that of government banks.

Practical implications
The study has implications for Indian banks suffering from a high level of losses due to bad loans. In addition, it will have implications for the implementation of new Basel Accord norms (Basel III) by the Reserve Bank of India.

Social implications
The high and rising level of NPAs will have adverse consequences for credit flow in the economy in the absence of appropriate intervention by government and central bank in the form of changes in institutional and regulatory infrastructure. The problems in banking and financial services sector will lead to lower industrial and aggregate economic growth, and lower (or negative) growth in employment.

Originality/value
There is little evidence on credit risk management practices of Indian banks, and its relationship with credit risk performance and NPA growth. The need for an effective risk management system to manage credit risk assumes importance and urgency in the context of high and rising NPAs of Indian banks, and the consequences for the Indian economy.
The role of industries’ environmental reputation and competitive intensity on sustainability marketing strategy
Authors: Taherdangkoo Mohammad , Mona Beikpour , Ghasemi Kamran 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight a model of industry drivers (industries’ environmental reputation and competitive intensity) that affect the sustainability marketing strategy segmentation, targeting and positioning based on customers’ environmental concern and explore the circumstances under which such a strategy affects performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined 64 Iranian export companies, which adopted sustainability marketing strategies across seven different industries. Achieved data are analyzed using a structural equation model methodology.FindingsThe results indicate that industries’ environmental reputation is positively related to the sustainability marketing strategies based on customers’ environmental concern and leads to superior financial and market performance. They also posit that competitive intensity has no significant effect on sustainability marketing strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study specifically examines the impact of industry drivers on sustainability marketing strategy and performance. Logically, there might be other factors affecting the sustainability or other value dimensions that are not addressed in this study.Practical implicationsThis paper provides some understanding of how organizations strength their sustainability marketing strategy, and they have to consider what factors to adopt such strategy. This paper also facilitates a better understanding of the customers’ needs and concern as a factor influencing sustainability marketing strategy adoption and implementation. Identifying the customer segmentation and market targeting based on the industry’s environmental can lead to the business will normally tailor the marketing mix (4Ps) with the needs and expectations of the target in mind.Originality/valueThis paper strengthens the effect of environmental concern of customer to understand what influences the success of the sustainability marketing adoption and implementation by investigating the most influential factors such as industries’ environmental reputation and competitive intensity.
The Combined Use of Ultrasound and Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for a Comprehensive Fetal Neurological Assessment in Fetal Congenital Cardiac Defects
Authors: Pasupathy D , Denbow ML , Rutherford MA ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: March 2019

Plain language summaryHeart problems are common in newborn babies, affecting approximately 5–10 in 1000 babies. Some are more serious than others, but most babies born with heart problems do not have other health issues. Of those babies who have a serious heart problem, almost 1 in 4 will have heart surgery in their first year. In the UK, pregnant women are offered a scan at around 20 weeks to try and spot any heart problems. In most cases there is not a clear reason for the problem, but sometimes other issues, such as genetic conditions, are discovered. In recent years the care given to these babies after they are born has improved their chances of surviving. However, it is recognised that babies born with heart problems have a risk of delays in their learning and development. This may be due to their medical condition, or as a result of surgery and complications after birth.In babies with heart problems, there is a need for more research on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understand how the brain develops and why these babies are more likely to have delays in learning and development. This paper discusses the way ultrasound and MRI are used in assessing the baby's brain. Ultrasound is often used to spot any problems, looking at how the baby's brain develops in pregnancy. Advances in ultrasound technologies have made this easier. MRI is well‐established and safe in pregnancy, and if problems in the brain have been seen on ultrasound, MRI may be used to look at these problems in more detail. While it is not always clear what unusual MRI findings can mean for the baby in the long term, increased understanding may mean parents can be given more information about possible outcomes for the baby and may help to improve the counselling they are offered before their baby's birth.
Impact of pediatric cardiac surgery regionalization on health care utilization and mortality
Authors: Sakai‐Bizmark Rie , Mena Laurie A. , Kumamaru Hiraku , Kawachi Ichiro , Marr Emily H. , Webber Eliza J. , Seo Hyun H. , Friedlander Scott I. M. , Chang Ruey‐Kang R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveRegionalization directs patients to high‐volume hospitals for specialized care. We investigated regionalization trends and outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery.Data Sources/Study SettingStatewide inpatient data from eleven states between 2000 and 2012.Study DesignMortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost were assessed using multivariable hierarchical regression with state and year fixed effects. Primary predictor was hospital case‐volume, categorized into low‐, medium‐, and high‐volume tertiles.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe used Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery‐1 (RACHS‐1) to select pediatric cardiac surgery discharges.Principal FindingsIn total, 2841 (8.5 percent), 8348 (25.1 percent), and 22 099 (66.4 percent) patients underwent heart surgeries in low‐, medium‐, and high‐volume hospitals. Mortality decreased over time, but remained higher in low‐ and medium‐volume hospitals. High‐volume hospitals had lower odds of mortality and cost than low‐volume hospitals (odds ratio [OR] 0.59, P < 0.01, and relative risk [RR] 0.91, P < 0.01, respectively). LOS was longer for high‐ and medium‐volume hospitals, compared to low‐volume hospitals (high‐volume: RR 1.18, P < 0.01; medium‐volume: RR 1.05, P < 0.01).ConclusionsRegionalization reduced mortality and cost, indicating fewer complications, but paradoxically increased LOS. Further research is needed to explore the full impact on health care utilization.
Selective C‐Reactive Protein‐Apheresis in Patients
Authors: Ries Wolfgang , Heigl Franz , Garlichs Christoph , Sheriff Ahmed , Torzewski Jan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP), the prototype human acute‐phase protein, is a well‐known marker of inflammation. However, CRP may also mediate tissue damage in various human diseases like atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, stroke, and potentially autoimmune disease. Therefore, CRP elimination from human plasma may indeed be a widely usable therapeutic approach. Recently, a first‐in‐man case report of selective CRP‐apheresis in a patient with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been published. Here, the method is further elucidated by detailed description of 13 patients receiving CRP‐apheresis at two study centers. Thirteen patients received two sequential CRP‐apheresis treatments with the PentraSorb CRP adsorber starting 24 ± 12 h after STEMI and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). CRP was measured immediately before and after each treatment, and additionally twice a day for a period of 96 h after symptom onset. Compared to the initial (before‐treatment) CRP plasma concentration, CRP‐apheresis resulted in an average 53.4% ± 11.9% CRP depletion. First apheresis was performed 27.5 ± 4.6 h after symptom onset at a mean CRP concentration of 25.1 ± 11.1 mg/L. Mean CRP concentration after the first treatment was 12.1 ± 6.4 mg/L. Second apheresis started 47.9 ± 5.4 h after symptom onset at a mean CRP concentration of 30.2 ± 21.4 mg/L. After the second treatment, mean CRP concentration was reduced to 13.9 ± 10.9 mg/L. No severe apheresis‐associated side effects were observed. Patients tolerated selective CRP‐apheresis without any side effects. The new method is feasible and safe and significantly reduces CRP plasma concentration in humans.
The impact of consumer familiarity on edible insect food product purchase and expected liking: The role of media trust and purchase activism
Authors: Legendre Tiffany S. , Jo Yong Hun , Han Yeon Soo , Kim Young Wook , Ryu Jung Pyo , Jang Se Jin , Kim Jin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of consumer familiarity with edible insect food products on purchase intentions and expected liking. Based on persuasion and information processing theories, this study examines the roles of media trust and purchase activism as underlying psychological mechanisms. The findings of this study indicate that consumer familiarity contributes to the formation of media trust. It adds credibility to the media information and consumers can be more motivated to exercise their purchase activism as the edible insect food movement is closely related to social causes like sustainability. Activist motivation, then, changes consumers' behavioral outcomes such as purchase intention and expected liking of edible insect food products.
Disclosure Overload? A Professional User Perspective on the Usefulness of General Purpose Financial Statements
Authors: Drake Michael S. , Hales Jeffrey , Rees Lynn 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe survey a broad group of professionals who use financial statements as part of their job to assess the extent to which they believe financial reports suffer from disclosure overload. Consistent with the claims made by regulators, auditors, and preparers, we find that a significant portion of professional financial statement users believe disclosure overload is a problem. However, this group is in the minority, with about twice as many professional users believing that overload is not a problem and that more information should be disclosed in financial statements. This dichotomy presents a difficult challenge to standard setters aiming to improve financial reporting by altering the amount of information provided in financial reports. To that end, we complement existing research on the informativeness of accounting information by measuring perceptions of the usefulness of the various financial statements and their footnotes across a variety of tasks. Finally, we develop a framework that could be useful in developing a theory of disclosure overload.
Applicability of vital staining and tissue clearing to vascular anatomy and melanocytes' evaluation of temporal bone in six laboratory species
Authors: Kim Yoo Yeon , Chao Janet Ren , Kim Chulho , Kang Tae‐Cheon , Park Hae Sang , Chang Jiwon , Suh Jun‐Gyo , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to define the applicability of tissue clearing to the field of otology. We combined tissue clearing with vital staining perfusion via a pumping system to examine the vascular anatomy of temporal bones in laboratory animals. We used six different types of species including Korean wild mouse, mouse, Mongolian gerbil, hamsters and Guinea pigs. A mixture of Alcian blue reagent and 4% paraformaldehyde was circulated throughout the entire circulatory system of the animal via a perfusion pump system. Transparency images were obtained from the temporal bones according to the protocol of the SunHyun 3D Imaging Kit. In examining the inner surface of the tympanic membrane, flaccid part (pars flaccida) was positioned along the entire marginal area in Guinea pig. In the Guinea pig, unlike the other species, the cortical bone of the mastoid (bullae) was easily removed using cold instruments, allowing a direct approach to the enclosed structures. The distribution and pattern of cochlea melanocytes were compared among the species. “Mobius strip”‐like accumulated melanocytes in vestibules were shown in both the Korean wild mouse and mouse. The collateral blood supply to the cochlea in six different species was checked in various pattern. Combining dye infusion with tissue‐clearing techniques, we documented the middle ear and transparent inner ear structures in six different species. The information and associated images will help other researchers to develop hypotheses and design experimental investigations.
Decreased Cytochrome P450 3A activity in palliative patients with haematological diseases: Potential impact on supportive drug therapies
Authors: Geist Marcus J. P. , Siller Nelly , Egerer Gerlinde , Bardenheuer Hubert , Burhenne Juergen , Mikus Gerd 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) is the most relevant drug‐metabolizing enzyme in human beings involved in the elimination of about 50% of the marketed drugs. Comprehensive in vivo data of CYP3A activity in palliative patients with haematological diseases are missing. Therefore, CYP3A activity was determined under real‐life clinical conditions in patients to gain knowledge about dose adjustments for supportive therapies and symptom management in haematology. The single‐arm, prospective trial obtained a 4‐hours pharmacokinetic profile of midazolam after oral administration of a microdose as marker substance from each enrolled patient. Plasma concentrations of midazolam and its primary metabolite 1′‐hydroxy‐midazolam were quantified by mass spectrometry techniques. CYP3A activity was calculated as partial metabolic clearance from an established limited sampling area under the curve. All other drugs taken by the participating patients were considered as well as recent laboratory test results and the patients' diagnoses. Partial metabolic clearance of midazolam in patients with haematological diseases was highly variable (36.9 ± 52.7 L/h). In comparison with the CYP3A activity of healthy individuals, this was a highly significant 30% reduction of activity (P < 0.0001). Dosing of major CYP3A substrate drugs needs to be reduced in palliative patients with haematological diseases, otherwise escalation of debilitating symptoms due to drug interactions might occur.