bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Correlation Between Chorus Wave and Electron Beam‐Like Distribution in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Chen Rui , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Shui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this letter, we have investigated the correlation between lower band chorus waves and electron beam‐like distribution with long‐term THEMIS data. Cold, hot, and beam electrons are assumed in the plasma. For quasi‐parallel chorus waves, they are usually observed along with a relatively weak electron beam. Moreover, the density ratio between beam and hot electrons nb/nh is positively correlated with the wave parallel electric field and inversely correlated with the hot electron density, in agreement with a formation of the beam by Landau acceleration during wave propagation, while, along with oblique waves, there typically exists a strong electron beam. Notably, the nb/nh is found to be independent of both the parallel electric field and hot electron density, indicating that the electron beam‐like distribution should be a precondition for exciting oblique waves rather than caused by waves. Our study provides some new insights into understanding the generation and evolution of chorus waves.
Extravehicular Electron Measurement Based on an Intravehicular Pixel Detector
Authors: Kroupa M. , Campbell‐Ricketts T. , Bahadori A. A. , Pal Chowdhury R. , Empl A. , George S. P. , O'Brien T. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate indirect measurement of the electron flux outside space vehicles designed to carry crew, using a pixel detector situated inside the space craft. While the vehicle walls shield the detector from directly seeing the electrons, we show that bremsstrahlung generated in the shielding is visible and furthermore that fluorescence induced by this bremsstrahlung in components of the detector generates a sharply peaked characteristic signature. We show that measurements from the Exploration Test Flight 1 of the Orion Multi‐Purpose Crew Vehicle and from the International Space Station correlate very well with AE9‐based modeled electron flux predictions and with measurements from other instruments on the International Space Station and on the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites. We also present detailed Monte Carlo simulations performed with FLUKA, confirming the mechanism generating our electron signal.
Preseismic Ionospheric Anomalies Detected Before the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake
Authors: Goto Shin‐itiro , Uchida Ryoma , Igarashi Kiyoshi , Chen Chia‐Hung , Kao Minghui , Umeno Ken 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn 5 February 2016 (UTC), an earthquake with moment magnitude 6.4 occurred in southern Taiwan, known as the 2016 (Southern) Taiwan earthquake and 2016 Meinong earthquake. In this study, evidences of seismic earthquake precursors for this earthquake event are investigated. Results show that ionospheric anomalies in total electron content (TEC) can be observed before the earthquake. These anomalies were obtained by processing TEC data, where such TEC data are calculated from phase delays of signals observed at densely arranged ground‐based stations in Taiwan for Global Navigation Satellite Systems. This shows that such anomalies were detected within 1 hr before the event.
The Effects of Shear Strain, Fabric, and Porosity Evolution on Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Clay‐Rich Fault Gouge
Authors: Kenigsberg Abby R. , Rivière Jacques , Marone Chris , Saffer Demian M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe elastic and mechanical properties of fault gouge are key controls on fault zone stiffness, strength, damage, healing, and sliding stability. Clay minerals are prevalent in fault zones and have significant effects on friction, porosity, elastic properties, and shear fabric development. Although clay‐rich gouges are well studied, the roles of porosity evolution and fabric formation in modulating elastic and mechanical properties are unclear. We have found that with progressive shear, the role of strain localization and fabric development may compete with densification to control the evolution of friction and elastic moduli. We report on a suite of double‐direct shear experiments on synthetic gouge composed of 50% Ca‐montmorillonite and 50% granular quartz at a normal stress of 25 MPa. We measure the coefficient of friction, porosity, P and S wave speeds, and bulk and shear moduli, and their evolution with shearing, to shear strains up to ~25. We find that the evolution of Vp, Vs, and elastic moduli are controlled by the interplay of porosity loss, shear fabric development, and particle contact stiffness. In general, Vp, Vs, and elastic moduli increase with shear strain and are accompanied by gradual densification and porosity loss. However, at intermediate shear strains (~2–8) a decrease in Vp, Vs, and elastic moduli is superimposed on this overall trend. Based on previous microstructural studies, we hypothesize that fabrics develop parallel to shear direction (perpendicular to wave propagation) over this range of strains, leading to reduced fault stiffness and competing with porosity loss as the dominant control on elastic properties.
Lithospheric Structure Beneath the Cretaceous Chilwa Alkaline Province (CAP) in Southern Malawi and Northeastern Mozambique
Authors: Nyalugwe Victor N. , Abdelsalam Mohamed G. , Atekwana Estella A. , Katumwehe Andrew , Mickus Kevin L. , Salima Jalf , Njinju Emmanuel A. , Emishaw Luelseged 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe used aeromagnetic and satellite gravity data to investigate lithospheric structure beneath the Cretaceous Chilwa Alkaline Province (CAP) in southern Malawi and adjacent Mozambique. The CAP consists of granites, syenites, nepheline syenites, basanites, phonolite dikes, and minor carbonatite bodies. The intrusions were emplaced in the Precambrian (Mesoproterozoic‐Neoproterozoic) terranes of the Southern Irumide and Mozambique orogenic belts. Aeromagnetic data show the CAP as overlapping circular anomalies typical of nested igneous ring complexes formed through caldera collapse mechanism. We used gravity data to infer that: (1) the CAP was sourced from ~30‐km wide igneous bodies now preserved in the upper crust at ~5‐km depth. (2) the CAP is underlain by up to ~45‐km thick crust (due to mafic magmatic underplating) and a lithosphere as thin as ~90 km. These data suggest that mafic magmatic underplating and lithospheric thinning occurred during a Cretaceous rifting event. We propose, based on these results and taking into account previous petrographic, geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic studies, that the silica undersaturated magmatic phase of the CAP was due to flux melting of the asthenosphere. This was followed by silica‐rich magmatic phase due to decompression melting of the asthenosphere as a result of lithospheric thinning. Lithospheric thinning and ascendance of the asthenospheric melt might have been facilitated by the presence of late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian suture zone. The heat provided by the mafic magmatic underplating resulted in partial melting of the lower crust to form the silica‐saturated CAP intrusions from mixed magma sources.
A Method for Generating Coherent Spatially Explicit Maps of Seasonal Paleoclimates From Site‐Based Reconstructions
Authors: Cleator S. F. , Harrison S. P. , Nichols N. K. , Prentice I. C. , Roulstone I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe a method for reconstructing spatially explicit maps of seasonal paleoclimate variables from site‐based reconstructions. Using a 3‐D‐Variational technique, the method finds the best statistically unbiased, and spatially continuous, estimate of the paleoclimate anomalies through combining the site‐based reconstructions and a prior estimate of the paleoclimate state. By assuming a set of correlations in the error of the prior, the resulting climate is smoothed both from month to month and from grid cell to grid cell. The amount of smoothing can be controlled through the choice of two length‐scale values. The method is applied to a set of reconstructions of the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 21,000 years ago) for southern Europe derived from pollen data with a prior derived from results from the third phase of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project. We demonstrate how to choose suitable values for the smoothing length scales for the data sets used in the reconstruction.
Identifying and quantifying potential super-spreaders in social networks
Authors: Zhang Dayong , Wang Yang , Zhang Zhaoxin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantifying the nodal spreading abilities and identifying the potential influential spreaders has been one of the most engaging topics recently, which is essential and beneficial to facilitate information flow and ensure the stabilization operations of social networks. However, most of the existing algorithms just consider a fundamental quantification through combining a certain attribute of the nodes to measure the nodes’ importance. Moreover, reaching a balance between the accuracy and the simplicity of these algorithms is difficult. In order to accurately identify the potential super-spreaders, the CumulativeRank algorithm is proposed in the present study. This algorithm combines the local and global performances of nodes for measuring the nodal spreading abilities. In local performances, the proposed algorithm considers both the direct influence from the node’s neighbourhoods and the indirect influence from the nearest and the next nearest neighbours. On the other hand, in the global performances, the concept of the tenacity is introduced to assess the node’s prominent position in maintaining the network connectivity. Extensive experiments carried out with the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model on real-world social networks demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the comparison of the proposed algorithm with the existing well-known algorithms shows that the proposed algorithm has lower time complexity and can be applicable to large-scale networks.
Role of Atg8 in the regulation of vacuolar membrane invagination
Authors: Ishii Ayane , Kurokawa Kazuo , Hotta Miyuu , Yoshizaki Suzuka , Kurita Maki , Koyama Aya , Nakano Akihiko , Kimura Yoko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCellular heat stress can cause damage, and significant changes, to a variety of cellular structures. When exposed to chronically high temperatures, yeast cells invaginate vacuolar membranes. In this study, we found that the expression of Atg8, an essential autophagy factor, is induced after chronic heat stress. In addition, without Atg8, vacuolar invaginations are induced conspicuously, beginning earlier and invaginating vacuoles more frequently after heat stress. Our results indicate that Atg8’s invagination-suppressing functions do not require Atg8 lipidation, in contrast with autophagy, which requires Atg8 lipidation. Genetic analyses of vps24 and vps23 further suggest that full ESCRT machinery is necessary to form vacuolar invaginations irrespective of Atg8. In contrast, through a combined mutation with the vacuole BAR domain protein Ivy1, vacuoles show constitutively enhanced invaginated structures. Finally, we found that the atg8Δivy1Δ mutant is sensitive against agents targeting functions of the vacuole and/or plasma membrane (cell wall). Collectively, our findings revealed that Atg8 maintains vacuolar membrane homeostasis in an autophagy-independent function by coordinating with other cellular factors.
Steroid hormone-related polymorphisms associate with the development of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis and help to predict disease progression: Results from the REPAIR consortium
Authors: Sánchez-Maldonado Jose M. , Cáliz Rafael , Canet Luz , Horst Rob ter , Bakker Olivier , den Broeder Alfons A. , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Canhão Helena , Rodríguez-Ramos Ana , Lupiañez Carmen B. , Soto-Pino María José , García Antonio , Pérez-Pampin Eva , González-Utrilla Alfonso , Escudero Alejandro , Segura-Catena Juana , Netea-Maier Romana T. , Ferrer Miguel Ángel , Collantes-Estevez Eduardo , López Nevot Miguel Ángel , Li Yang , Jurado Manuel , Fonseca João E. , Netea Mihai G. , Coenen Marieke J. H. , Sainz Juan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, we assessed whether 41 SNPs within steroid hormone genes associated with erosive disease. The most relevant finding was the rheumatoid factor (RF)-specific effect of the CYP1B1, CYP2C9, ESR2, FcγR3A, and SHBG SNPs to modulate the risk of bone erosions (P = 0.004, 0.0007, 0.0002, 0.013 and 0.015) that was confirmed through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM registry (P = 0.000081, 0.0022, 0.00074, 0.0067 and 0.0087, respectively). Mechanistically, we also found a gender-specific correlation of the CYP2C9rs1799853T/T genotype with serum vitamin D3 levels (P = 0.00085) and a modest effect on IL1β levels after stimulation of PBMCs or blood with LPS and PHA (P = 0.0057 and P = 0.0058). An overall haplotype analysis also showed an association of 3 ESR1 haplotypes with a reduced risk of erosive arthritis (P = 0.009, P = 0.002, and P = 0.002). Furthermore, we observed that the ESR2, ESR1 and FcγR3A SNPs influenced the immune response after stimulation of PBMCs or macrophages with LPS or Pam3Cys (P = 0.002, 0.0008, 0.0011 and 1.97•10−7). Finally, we found that a model built with steroid hormone-related SNPs significantly improved the prediction of erosive disease in seropositive patients (PRF+ = 2.46•10−8) whereas no prediction was detected in seronegative patients (PRF− = 0.36). Although the predictive ability of the model was substantially lower in the replication population (PRF+ = 0.014), we could confirm that CYP1B1 and CYP2C9 SNPs help to predict erosive disease in seropositive patients. These results are the first to suggest a RF-specific association of steroid hormone-related polymorphisms with erosive disease.
Improvement of insulin signalling rescues inflammatory cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Al-Huseini Isehaq , Harada Masayuki , Nishi Kiyoto , Nguyen-Tien Dat , Kimura Takeshi , Ashida Noboru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammation resulting from virus infection is the cause of myocarditis; however, the precise mechanism by which inflammation induces cardiac dysfunction is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the contribution of insulin signalling to inflammatory cardiac dysfunction induced by the activation of signalling by NF-κB, a major transcriptional factor regulating inflammation. We generated mice constitutively overexpressing kinase-active IKK-β, an essential kinase for NF-κB activation, in cardiomyocytes (KA mice). KA mice demonstrated poor survival and significant cardiac dysfunction with remarkable dilation. Histologically, KA hearts revealed increased cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis and the enhanced recruitment of immune cells. By molecular analysis, we observed the increased phosphorylation of IRS-1, indicating the suppression of insulin signalling in KA hearts. To evaluate the contribution of insulin signalling to cardiac dysfunction in KA hearts, we generated mice with cardiac-specific suppression of phosphatase and tensin homologue 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of insulin signalling, in the KA mouse background (KA-PTEN). The suppression of PTEN successfully improved insulin signalling in KA-PTEN hearts, and interestingly, KA-PTEN mice showed significantly improved cardiac function and survival. These results indicated that impaired insulin signalling underlies the mechanism involved in inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction, which suggests that it may be a target for the treatment of myocarditis.
Adsorption of gallic acid, propyl gallate and polyphenols from Bryophyllum extracts on activated carbon
Authors: García-Pérez Pascual , Losada-Barreiro Sonia , Gallego Pedro P. , Bravo-Díaz Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe adsorption of gallic acid (GA) and propyl gallate (PG) on activated carbon (AC) was studied as a function of the AC mass and temperature. Clean first order behavior was obtained for at least three half-lives and the equilibrium was reached after ∼4 h contact time. An increase in the temperature (T = 20–40 °C) increases their adsorption rate constant values (k1) by 2.5 fold but has a negligible effect on the amount of antioxidant adsorbed per mass of AC at equilibrium. We also analyzed the adsorption process of polyphenols fromBryophyllumextracts and ca 100% of the total amount of the polyphenols in the extract were adsorbed when using 7 mg of AC. Results can be explained on the basis of the Freundlich isotherm but do not fit the Langmuir model. Results suggest that the combination of emergingin vitroplant culture technologies with adsorption on activated carbon can be successfully employed to remove important amounts of bioactive compounds from plant extracts by employing effective, sustainable and environmental friendly procedures.
Maternal circulating Vitamin D3 levels during pregnancy and behaviour across childhood
Authors: López-Vicente Mónica , Sunyer Jordi , Lertxundi Nerea , González Llúcia , Rodríguez-Dehli Cristina , Espada Sáenz-Torre Mercedes , Vrijheid Martine , Tardón Adonina , Llop Sabrina , Torrent Maties , Ibarluzea Jesús , Guxens Mònica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVitamin D deficiency during critical periods of development could lead to persistent brain alterations. We aimed to assess the association between maternal vitamin D3, the major circulatory form of vitamin D, at pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood, namely: behavioural problems, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms, and social competence. This study included 2,107 mother-child pairs of a Spanish population-based birth cohort. Maternal plasma vitamin D3 was measured in pregnancy. The outcomes were measured through questionnaires at 5, 8, 14, and 18 years old. We ran multivariate regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables. We found that per each 10 ng/mL increment of maternal vitamin D3, children obtained higher social competence scores (coefficient = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.35) at 5 years old. However, we observed null associations between maternal vitamin D3 and total behavioural problems and ADHD and ASD symptoms in children from 5 to 18 years old. Further studies carried out in countries where the population is exposed to lower vitamin D levels are needed.
Statin therapy and recurrent venous thromboembolism in the elderly: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kronenberg Regula Monika , Beglinger Shanthi , Stalder Odile , Méan Marie , Limacher Andreas , Beer Jürg Hans , Aujesky Drahomir , Rodondi Nicolas , Feller Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious studies reported lower rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism (rVTE) among statin users, but this association could be influenced by concurrent anticoagulation and confounding by statin indication. This study aimed to confirm the beneficial association between statins and rVTE, stratified according to periods with and without anticoagulation, and additionally employ propensity score weighted approach to reduce risk of confounding by indication. The setting was a prospective multicentre cohort study and the outcome was time to first rVTE in statin vs. non-statin users. 980 participants with acute VTE were enrolled (mean age 75.0 years, 47% women), with median follow-up of 2.5 years. Of 241 (24.3%) statin users, 21 (8.7%) suffered rVTE vs. 99 (13.4%) among 739 non-users. The overall adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR) for rVTE comparing statin users to non-users was 0.72 (95%CI 0.44 to 1.19, p = 0.20). This association was only apparent during periods without anticoagulation (aSHR 0.50, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.92, p = 0.03; vs. with anticoagulation: aSHR 1.34, 95%CI 0.54 to 3.35, p = 0.53). Using propensity scores, the rVTE risk during periods without anticoagulation fell further (aSHR 0.20, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.49, p < 0.001). In conclusion, statin use is associated with a more pronounced risk reduction for rVTE than previously estimated, but only during periods without anticoagulation.
Tissue- and Species-Specific Patterns of RNA metabolism in Post-Mortem Mammalian Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Kallestad Les , Blackshaw Seth , Khalil Ahmad M. , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccurate analysis of gene expression in human tissues using RNA sequencing is dependent on the quality of source material. One major source of variation in mRNA quality is post-mortem time. While it is known that individual transcripts show differential post-mortem stability, few studies have directly and comprehensively analyzed mRNA stability following death, and in particular the extent to which tissue- and species-specific factors influence post-mortem mRNA stability are poorly understood. This knowledge is particularly important for ocular tissues studies, where tissues obtained post-mortem are frequently used for research or therapeutic applications. To directly investigate this question, we profiled mRNA levels in both neuroretina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from mouse and baboon over a series of post-mortem intervals. We found substantial changes in gene expression as early as 15 minutes in the mouse and as early as three hours in the baboon eye tissues. Importantly, our findings demonstrate both tissue- and species- specific patterns of RNA metabolism, by identifying a set of genes that are either rapidly degraded or very stable in both species and/or tissues. Taken together, the data from this study lay the foundation for understanding RNA regulation post-mortem and provide novel insights into RNA metabolism in the tissues of the mammalian eye.
A Low-Power CMOS Microfluidic Pump Based on Travelling-Wave Electroosmosis for Diluted Serum Pumping
Authors: Yen Pei-Wen , Lin Shiang-Chi , Huang Yi-Chun , Huang Yu-Jie , Tung Yi-Chung , Lu Shey-Shi , Lin Chih-Ting 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic pump is an essential component in lab-on-chip applications. It is of importance to develop an active microfluidic pump with low-power and low-cost characteristics for portable and miniaturized diagnostic systems. Taking advantages of CMOS technologies, in this work, we report a low-power microfluidic pump based on travelling-wave electroosmosis (TWEO). Utilizing an integrated driving circuit, this monolithic CMOS microfluidic pump can be operated at 1.5 V driving voltage with a power consumption of 1.74 mW. The integrated driving circuit consist of a resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator, a 90-degrees phase-shift square wave generator, and buffer amplifiers. Moreover, capabilities of the developed CMOS TWEO pump to drive diluted human serum are characterized. The flow rate of diluted human serum with dilution ratio of 1:1000 can achieve 51 μm/s. This is the first time demonstrating an in-situ CMOS-based microfluidic pump to drive the clinical diluted serum sample. As a consequence, this work demonstrates an essential component of CMOS biotechnologies for potential applications of portable in vitro diagnosis (IVD) systems.