bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Acid Pocket: ein neues Ziel für die Behandlung der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit
Authors: Sauter Matthias , Fox Mark 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit stellt die häufigste Ursache für Symptome des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts dar.Der Säure-Reflux in der postprandialen Phase ist der prädominante Faktor der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit (gastro-esophageal Reflux disease, GERD) und führt zu Beschwerden wie Sodbrennen und saurem Aufstoßen. Die chronische Säureexposition des Ösophagus führt zudem zu Komplikationen wie der Refluxösophagitis, peptischen Stenosen, dem Barrett-Ösophagus oder dem Adenokarzinom.Das Ausmaß an mukosalen Schäden und Symptomen hängt von zwei Hauptfaktoren ab: (1.) dem Säuregehalt des Refluxats, welches primär von der gastralen Säureproduktion und der Verteilung der Säure im Magen abhängt sowie (2.) der Häufigkeit / Dauer an Refluxepisoden und der Stärke der Refluxbarriere am gastroösophagealen Übergang. Das Konzept der Acid Pocket ist ein Versuch, diese Faktoren in einem gemeinsamen Pathomechanismus zu vereinen.Die Acid Pocket beschreibt eine Ansammlung von Magensäure am gastroösophagealen Übergang in der postprandialen Phase und stellt ein wichtiges Reservoir für gastroösophageale Refluxepisoden dar. Die Acid Pocket ist sowohl bei Gesunden wie auch bei Refluxpatienten vorhanden. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit einer Hiatushernie und / oder einem hypotensiven unteren Ösophagus-Sphinkter kann sich die Acid Pocket aber über den gastroösophagealen Übergang hinaus in den distalen Ösophagus ausbreiten, was zu einer erhöhten Säureexposition insbesondere des distalsten Ösophagus-Abschnitts und somit Refluxbeschwerden führt.In den letzten Jahren wurde die Acid Pocket als mögliches Ziel von pharmakologischen und chirurgischen GERD-Therapien postuliert. Säurehemmende Medikamente wie z. B. Protonen-Pumpen-Inhibitoren reduzieren den Säuregehalt der Acid Pocket, wogegen Alginat-Substanzen, Prokinetika und die Fundoplikatio-Operation die Acid Pocket nach distal weg vom gastroösophagealen Übergang dislozieren.
Die Effekte nicht-pharmakologischer, gesundheitsfördernder Interventionen bei Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Richter Daniel , Gühne Uta , Stein Janine , Weinmann Stefan , Becker Thomas , Riedel-Heller Steffi 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen sind deutlichen Risiken somatischer Morbidität und erhöhter Mortalität ausgesetzt. Gesundheitsfördernde Interventionen sollen die Risiken dafür reduzieren. Die Arbeit trägt die Evidenz in diesem Bereich zusammen.
Methodik Systematische Suche in Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO und der Cochrane Library nach Übersichtsarbeiten und RCTs.
Ergebnisse Gesundheitsfördernde Interventionen zeigten nahezu durchweg positive Effekte in Bezug auf die untersuchten Parameter.
Schlussfolgerung Weitere nachhaltige Untersuchungen sind erforderlich.
In Vitro and Ex Vivo Effects of Silymarin Derivatives on Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion Using a Murine Colonic Strip Model
Authors: Fitzpatrick Leo , Mokrushin Ella , Talbott George , Woldermariam Tibebe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSilymarin has anti-inflammatory properties and documented anti-colitis activity. Our prior study determined that in vitro treatment with certain extracted fractions of silymarin inhibited stimulated proinflammatory cytokine secretion from cell lines relevant to colitis. In this study, colitis was induced in mice by giving dextran sulfate sodium drinking water for 6 days. The ex vivo effects of crude silymarin extract, two different silymarin fractions, as well as commercially derived silibinin and isosilibinin were examined by determining the secretion of MIP-2, TNF-α, and IL-17 in cell culture media from colonic strips. Further, the effects of silymarin-derived treatments on IL-8 and TNF-α secretion induced by the colitis supernatant was characterized with HT-29 colonic epithelial and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. Prominent inhibition of MIP-2 and TNF-α secretion from colonic strips of mice with/without dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was observed with various silymarin treatments. Further, inhibition of dual (IL-23+IL-1β) cytokine-stimulated secretion of IL-17 from colonic strips of mice was found with certain silymarin treatments. Significant attenuation of TNF-α secretion from colitis supernatant-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was observed for crude silymarin extract and isosilibinin treatments. Finally, inhibition of IL-8 secretion from the colitis supernatant-stimulated HT29 colonic epithelial cell line was found with isosilibinin. These results contribute to the identification of silymarin-derived flavonoligans with optimal anti-inflammatory properties for further testing in colitis models.
Factors Influencing Sustained Engagement with ECG Self-Monitoring: Perspectives from Patients and Health Care Providers
Authors: Reading Meghan , Baik Dawon , Beauchemin Melissa , Hickey Kathleen , Merrill Jacqueline 
Published: October 2018

Background Patient-generated health data (PGHD) collected digitally with mobile health (mHealth) technology has garnered recent excitement for its potential to improve precision management of chronic conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia. However, sustained engagement is a major barrier to collection of PGHD. Little is known about barriers to sustained engagement or strategies to intervene upon engagement through application design.
Objective This article investigates individual patient differences in sustained engagement among individuals with a history of AF who are self-monitoring using mHealth technology.
Methods This qualitative study involved patients, health care providers, and research coordinators previously involved in a randomized, controlled trial involving electrocardiogram (ECG) self-monitoring of AF. Patients were adults with a history of AF randomized to the intervention arm of this trial who self-monitored using ECG mHealth technology for 6 months. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted separately with health care providers and research coordinators, engaged patients, and unengaged patients. A validated model of sustained engagement, an adapted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), guided data collection, and analysis through directed content analysis.
Results We interviewed 13 patients (7 engaged, 6 unengaged), 6 providers, and 2 research coordinators. In addition to finding differences between engaged and unengaged patients within each predictor in the adapted UTAUT model (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, facilitating conditions), four additional factors were identified as being related to sustained engagement in this population. These are: (1) internal motivation to manage health, (2) relationship with health care provider, (3) supportive environments, and (4) feedback and guidance.
Conclusion Although it required some modification, the adapted UTAUT model was useful in understanding of the parameters of sustained engagement. The findings of this study provide initial requirement specifications for the design of applications that engage patients in this unique population of adults with AF.
Vestibular Migraine with Visual Aura and Olfactory Hallucination in Children: Two Case Reports
Authors: Villa T.R. , Agessi L.M. 
Published: October 2018

Background Approximately 3.9% children with migraine have olfactory hallucination which was defined as a perception of a smell without the substantial existence of any physical odor.
Case We described the first two cases of children with vestibular migraine, presenting visual aura and olfactory hallucination. ​ We reported two children with vertigo, visual aura, and olfactory hallucination before the headache who were responsive to topiramate.
Conclusion The clinical description of olfactory hallucination presented some characteristics of migraine aura. Olfactory hallucinations could be inserted as a migraine aura in International Classification of Headache Disorders.
Control of Locomotion in Annelids
Authors: Kristan William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article reviews the status of research on locomotion in segmented worms. It focuses on three major groups (leeches, earthworms, and nereid polychaetes) that have attracted the most research attention. All three groups show two types of locomotion: crawling (moving over a solid substrate) and swimming (moving through a liquid). The adults of all three groups form a hydroskeleton by controlling the pressure within the segments, and they locomote by controlling the shapes of the individual segments in coordinated spatial and temporal patterns. Many annelid larvae use cilia to move through water. Four aspects of the locomotory patterns are considered: the kinematics (the movement patterns), biomechanics (how muscle contractions produce movement), the neuronal basis of the movement patterns, and efforts to produce robots that move like annelid worms.
Ethereal Timbres
Authors: Dolan Emily I. , Patteson Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The notion of the “ethereal” has a long and surprisingly continuous history in Western art music. From the Aeolian harp to early electronic music, listeners have identified certain instruments as producing otherworldly and supernatural sounds. This essay considers the diverse range of technologies that have been frequently identified as “ethereal,” while also delving into the use of the idea of the ethereal within writing about music. This phenomenon is found to be unsurprisingly elusive, in some cases seeming to correlate to certain timbral qualities, such as sustained tones with shimmering upper harmonics or slowly fading envelopes, while in other instances relating instead to circumstances of audition, most famously in the case of the unseen sound sources of “acousmatic” listening. The study of ethereal timbres thus occupies a nexus between the topics of sound technology, listening practices, musical aesthetics, and experimental art.
The Political Economy of Israeli Neoliberalism
Authors: Mandelkern Ronen , Shalev Michael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Israel’s political economy has been transformed since the 1980s from a developmental to a neoliberal model. This chapter describes and explains this transformation, emphasizing the unevenness and incompleteness of liberalization and its impact on socioeconomic inequality. Adopting a historical-institutionalist perspective to explain both the rise of Israeli neoliberalism and its unevenness, the chapter argues that liberalization was led by economic technocrats in state agencies, who were guided by liberal economic ideas and simultaneously pursuing their interest in greater authority and autonomy. The technocrats were empowered by re-engineering economic policy institutions and cooperating with other political actors. However, their ability to fulfill the goal of technocratic management of a competition-driven economy was limited by the continuing power of some sectors of both business and labor and the continuing vibrancy of the state’s national and military projects. The conclusion discusses recent challenges to neoliberalism in Israel as a result of public discontent and conflict between state actors.
FMRP and MicroRNAs in Neuronal Protein Synthesis
Authors: Lannom Monica C. , Ceman Stephanie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
New protein synthesis is critical for learning and memory. The discovery of ribosomes at synapses indicated the potential for local protein synthesis in response to stimulation. miRNAs play a key role in this process as evidenced by their role in normal neuronal development and function and in neurological disease. miRNA production is regulated and once bound by AGO2, the ensuing RISC complex is able to bind mRNAs and direct their translation suppression and degradation. However, other RNA binding proteins, including FMRP and MOV10, regulate AGO2 association with the miRNA recognition element (MRE) in target mRNAs. AGO2 itself is regulated by post-translational modifications, and neuronal activity controls post-translational modifications of FMRP and MOV10 that lead to their regulation and degradation. In addition, RNA localization at the synapse is a critical regulated event that depends on both cis sequences in the mRNA and the identity of the bound RNA binding proteins.
The Cochlear Nucleus as a Generator of Tinnitus-Related Signals
Authors: Kaltenbach J.A. , Godfrey D.A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Tinnitus most commonly begins with alterations of input from the ear resulting from cochlear trauma or overstimulation of the ear. Because the cochlear nucleus is the first processing center in the brain receiving cochlear input, it is the first brainstem station to adjust to this modified input from the cochlea. Research published over the last 30 years demonstrates changes in neural circuitry and activity in the cochlear nucleus that are associated with and may be the origin of the signals that give rise to tinnitus percepts at the cortical level. This chapter summarizes what is known about these disturbances and their relationships to tinnitus. It also summarizes the mechanisms that trigger tinnitus-related disturbances and the anatomical, chemical, neurophysiological, and biophysical defects that underlie them. It concludes by highlighting some major controversies that research findings have generated and discussing the clinical implications the findings have for the future treatment of tinnitus.
Non-ordinary Gender and Sexuality in Indonesian Performance
Authors: Spiller Henry 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A profusion of Indonesian performance traditions, past and present, involve non-ordinary gender identities and sexual practices. Western theorists might interpret these performances as “queer,” but from indigenous points of view, they articulate quite comfortably with the dominant values of the societies that fostered them and often serve conservative, rather than transgressive, purposes, such as affirming cosmological ideas of duality, complementarity, and the reconciliation of opposites. This chapter surveys traditions from Sulawesi, Kalimantan (Borneo), and Papua, as well as from Java and Bali, which present welcome correctives to oversimplified understandings of compulsory heterosexuality and binary gender/sexuality identities and provide entry points for more nuanced understandings of the relationship of performing arts with “queerness.”
Veiled Threats: Color-Blind Frames and Group Threat in Affirmative Action Discourse
Authors: Carter J Scott , Lippard Cameron , Baird Andrew F 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research examines the way color-blind rhetorical techniques are used by supporters and opponents in legal documents submitted to the latest U.S. Supreme court case on affirmative action. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva posited that color-blind ideology is the dominant racial ideology in the United States. We focused our critical discourse analysis particularly on the use of color-blind frames as described by Bonilla-Silva. This research also assesses how group threat was used within color-blind frames to activate feelings of racial animosity, a distinction from the color-blind frames that act to minimize race. Drawing on data from 184 amicus briefs submitted for 2013 and 2016 and using critical discourse analysis, we found both supporters and opponents used color-blind frames, but that these frames were more prevalent (and distinctively used) in opponents’ briefs, where we observed all four of Bonilla-Silva’s color-blind frames. We also found the use of threat by opponents to be distinct and prevalent, suggesting that affirmative action was framed as a source of competition that threatened resources held in high regard by white America. We discuss the implications of these findings for the future of affirmative action and make suggestions for future research.
Vulvar Cancer as a Result of GATA2 Deficiency, a Rare Genetic Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Toboni Michael D. , Bevis Kerri S. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Vulvar cancer has become more prevalent, and its causes include chronic dermatoses and human papillomavirus (HPV)–mediated disease. Younger immunocompromised women can also be affected. We describe a case of vulvar carcinoma as a result of GATA2 deficiency.

CASE:
A 19-year-old woman presented to our gynecologic oncology clinic for management of a large vulvar mass. She was diagnosed with stage IB vulvar carcinoma after vulvectomy. GATA2 deficiency was the contributing factor causing vulvar carcinoma.

CONCLUSION:

GATA2 deficiency causes immunodeficiency in young women, and patients with early-onset HPV–related disease, a family or personal history of leukemia, recurrent infection, or immune irregularities should be screened. Health care providers for these women are often obstetrician–gynecologists, who can provide diagnosis, treatment, referral, and prevention of HPV–related diseases.
A Decision Analysis Model of 1-Year Effectiveness of Intended Postplacental Compared With Intended Delayed Postpartum Intrauterine Device Insertion
Authors: Sonalkar Sarita , Hunter Tegan , Gurney Elizabeth P. , McAllister Arden , Schreiber Courtney A. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To compare, using decision analysis methodology, the 1-year probability of pregnancy after intended postplacental intrauterine device (IUD) insertion with intended delayed insertion at an outpatient postpartum visit (delayed postpartum placement).

METHODS:
We developed an evidence-based decision model with the primary outcome of 1-year probability of pregnancy. We compared 1-year probability of pregnancy after intended postplacental or intended delayed postpartum IUD placement. We obtained estimates from the literature for the proportions of the following: mode of delivery, successful IUD placement, IUD type, postpartum visit attendance, IUD expulsion, IUD discontinuation, and contraceptive use, choice, and efficacy after IUD discontinuation. We performed sensitivity analyses and a Monte Carlo simulation to account for variations in proportion estimates.

RESULTS:
One-year probabilities of pregnancy among a theoretical cohort of 2,500,000 women intending to receive a postplacental IUD after vaginal birth and 1,250,000 women intending to receive a postplacental IUD after cesarean birth were 17.3% and 11.2%, respectively; the 1-year probability of pregnancy among a theoretical cohort of 2,500,000 women intending to receive a delayed postpartum IUD was 24.6%. For delayed postpartum IUD placement to have effectiveness equal to postplacental placement, 91.4% of women delivering vaginally and 99.7% of women delivering by cesarean would need to attend postpartum care. Once placed, the effectiveness of postplacental IUDs was lower than that of delayed postpartum IUDs: 1-year probabilities of pregnancy after IUD placement at a vaginal birth, cesarean birth, and an outpatient postpartum visit were 15.4%, 6.6%, and 3.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
After accounting for factors that affect successful IUD placement and retention, this decision model indicates that intended postplacental IUD insertion results in a lower 1-year probability of pregnancy as compared with intended delayed postpartum IUD insertion.
Renal Outcomes of Vasopressin and Its Analogs in Distributive Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Nedel Wagner L. , Rech Tatiana H. , Ribeiro Rodrigo A. , Pellegrini José Augusto S. , Moraes Rafael B. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence concerning the effects of vasopressin and its analogs compared with other vasopressors in distributive shock, focusing on renal outcomes.

Data Sources:
We performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases.

Study Selection:
Randomized clinical trials that compared vasopressin and its analogs with other vasopressors and reported renal outcomes in adult patients with distributive shock.

Data Extraction:
Paired reviewers independently screened citations, conducted data extraction and assessed risk of bias. Three prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted. Three main outcomes related to acute renal failure were analyzed: the need for renal replacement therapy, acute kidney injury incidence, and acute kidney injury-free days. I
2 test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies. Substantial heterogeneity was defined as I
2 greater than 50%. A random-effects model with Mantel-Haenszel weighting was used for all analyses. Heterogeneity was explored using subgroup analysis. The quality of evidence for intervention effects was summarized using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017054324).

Data Synthesis:
Three-thousand twenty-six potentially relevant studies were identified, and 30 articles were reviewed in full. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 2,833 individuals. Of these, 11 studies (2,691 individuals) were suitable for quantitative meta-analysis. Overall, the evidence was of low to moderate quality. Patients who received vasopressin and its analogs had a reduced need for renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 0.59 [0.37–0.92]; p = 0.02; I
2 = 49%) and a lower acute kidney injury incidence (odds ratio, 0.58 [0.37–0.92]; p = 0.02; I
2 = 63%). These results should be interpreted with caution, due to excessive heterogeneity. Acute kidney injury-free data was not pooled, since the small number of studies and extreme heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
In patients with distributive shock, vasopressin and its analogs use is associated with a reduced need for renal replacement therapy and lower acute kidney injury incidence. These results are supported by high risk of bias evidence.
CHANGES IN RETINAL SENSITIVITY AFTER GENE THERAPY IN CHOROIDEREMIA
Authors: Fischer M. Dominik , Ochakovski G. Alex , Beier Benjamin , Seitz Immanuel P. , Vaheb Yousof , Kortuem Constanze , Reichel Felix F. L. , Kuehlewein Laura , Kahle Nadine A. , Peters Tobias , Girach Aniz , Zrenner Eberhart , Ueffing Marius , MacLaren Robert E. , Bartz-Schmidt KarlUlrich , Wilhelm Barbara 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare inherited retinal degeneration resulting from mutation of the CHM gene, which results in absence of functional Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). We evaluated retinal gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus vector that used to deliver a functional version of the CHM gene (AAV2-REP1).

Methods:
THOR (NCT02671539) is a Phase 2, open-label, single-center, randomized study. Six male patients (51–60 years) with CHM received AAV2-REP1, by a single 0.1-mL subretinal injection of 1011 genome particles during vitrectomy. Twelve-month data are reported.

Results:
In study eyes, 4 patients experienced minor changes in best-corrected visual acuity (−4 to +1 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters); one gained 17 letters and another lost 14 letters. Control eyes had changes of −2 to +4 letters. In 5/6 patients, improvements in mean (95% confidence intervals) retinal sensitivity (2.3 [4.0] dB), peak retinal sensitivity (2.8 [3.5] dB), and gaze fixation area (−36.1 [66.9] deg2) were recorded. Changes in anatomical endpoints were similar between study and control eyes. Adverse events were consistent with the surgical procedure.

Conclusion:
Gene therapy with AAV2-REP1 can maintain, and in some cases, improve, visual acuity in CHM. Longer term follow-up is required to establish whether these benefits are maintained.