bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Asymmetry, Regulations and Equilibrium Outcomes: Theory and Evidence from the Housing Rental Market
Authors: Ambrose Brent W. , Diop Moussa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe explore the role of information asymmetry and regulations on equilibrium outcomes in rental markets to show that while landlords price the cost of regulations into rent, they also invest in tenant screening to alleviate information asymmetry, thus restricting access to rental housing. We are the first to document this additional tenant screening in response to regulations.
Transcriptomic analysis of epigenetic modification genes in the termite Reticulitermes speratus
Authors: Mitaka Yuki , Tasaki Eisuke , Nozaki Tomonari , Fuchikawa Taro , Kobayashi Kazuya , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEusocial insects display a caste system in which different castes are morphologically and physiologically specialized for different tasks. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modification, mediate caste determination and differentiation, longevity, and polyethism in eusocial insects. Although there has been a growing interest in the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and phenotypic plasticity in termites, there is little information about differential expression levels among castes and expression sites for these genes in termites. Here we show royal‐tissue‐specific expression of epigenetic modification genes in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Using RNA‐seq, we identified 74 genes, including three DNA methyltransferases, seven sirtuins, 48 Trithorax group proteins, and 16 Polycomb group proteins. Among these genes, 15 showed king‐specific expression, and 52 showed age‐dependent differential expression in kings and queens. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that DNA methyltransferase 3 is expressed specifically in the king's testis and fat body, whereas some histone modification genes are remarkably expressed in the king's testis and queen's ovary. These findings imply that epigenetic modification plays important roles in the gamete production process in termite kings and queens.
Effects of preoperative hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and coinfection on the development of new‐onset diabetes after kidney transplantation
Authors: Liang Jing , Lv Chaoyang , Chen Minling , Xu Ming , Zhao Chenhe , Yang Yinqiu , Wang Jina , Zhu Dong , Gao Jian , Rong Ruiming , Zhu Tongyu , Yu Mingxiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of preoperative hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and HBV plus HCV coinfection on the development of new‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) remain unexplored in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study examined the association between preoperative viral status (i.e., HBV, HCV, and HBC + HCV infection) and incident NODAT in a large population of Chinese KTRs.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study enrolled 557 subjects who underwent kidney transplantation between 1993 and 2014 at Zhongshan Hospital. Pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative data were extracted and analyzed. Viral status was defined by serological results for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti‐HCV antibody. The cumulative incidence of NODAT was compared across four groups of KTRs with different viral status. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the effects of HBV, HCV, and HBC + HCV infection on incident NODAT after adjusting for important confounders.ResultsPatients seropositive for HCV (both HCV monoinfection and HBC + HCV coinfection) had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of NODAT than KTRs who were not infected with HCV (P < 0.05 for both). However, only HCV infection alone was found to be a risk factor for NODAT, increasing the NODAT risk 3.03‐fold (95% confidence interval 1.77‐5.18; P < 0.001). There was no independent correlation between HBV infection (alone or combined with HCV) and incident NODAT in KTRs.ConclusionsPreoperative HCV infection significantly increased the risk of NODAT in Chinese KTRs, whereas HBV infection and HBC + HCV coinfection were not correlated with NODAT development.
Airway management in microgravity: A systematic review
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Tochtermann Felix , Kerkhoff Steffen , Komorowski Matthieu , Neuhaus Christopher , Hinkelbein Jochen 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionIn the near future, space programs will shift their focus toward long‐duration interplanetary missions, in particular to the Moon and Mars. These exploration missions will be associated with an increased risk of acute medical problems, which will need to be handled by an autonomous crew operating in extreme isolation. An important skill in emergencies is represented by airway management. Many airway devices are available and it is unclear which one would be the most suitable in the context of a space mission. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on airway management in the special situation of weightlessness during space missions.Material and methodsWe performed a standardized review of published literature on airway management in spaceflight and analogue environments using the database PubMed.ResultsWe identified a total of 3111 publications of which 3039 were initially excluded after evaluation. The screening identified three randomized comparative manikin studies, two of them in parabolic flights, one in a submerged setup. Under free‐floating conditions, the insertion success rate of supraglottic airway devices (SGA) was excellent (91%‐97%). The administration of artificial ventilation could be successfully achieved in weightlessness with SGA. The success rate of conventional laryngoscopy under free‐floating conditions fluctuated between 15% and 86%.ConclusionIt appears possible to safely manage the airway in weightlessness, provided that certain conditions are ensured, such as restraining the patient and operator for conventional orotracheal intubation. If airway protection is required with endotracheal intubation, both the operator and the patient should be restrained.
Iatrogenic cerebral gas embolism–A systematic review of case reports
Authors: Hatling Dyveke , Høgset Anne , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Müller Bernd 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCerebral gas embolism is a complication of several medical procedures and occurs when gas enters the cerebral circulation. Knowledge about etiology and outcome in affected patients is limited, and prospective trials on management and treatment are hardly feasible. Case reports are therefore an important source of information.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in June 2016 and May 2018, supplemented by a manual search. Titles and abstracts were systematically assessed for eligibility, followed by full‐text screening for included papers. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers. Cases of cerebral gas embolism due to any iatrogenic cause were included. Criteria for exclusion were: animal studies, non‐cerebral localization, extravascular gas only, and non‐iatrogenic causes. 264 cases reported in 189 papers were included.ResultsA broad range of procedures leading to iatrogenic cerebral gas embolism (ICGE) were identified and a comprehensive list is presented in this article. Procedures were mostly reported as conducted correctly, but procedure related error, patient activity, or defective equipment were also reported as causes. Neurological, neuropsychological, and cardiopulmonary symptoms were common. The diagnosis was frequently based on or confirmed by radiology, usually CT. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was applied in a large number of cases.ConclusionThe reported causes, symptoms and signs, and outcomes of ICGE vary significantly, and awareness of the condition in the medical community is essential. A standardized method of reporting could facilitate higher quality research in the field.
Pulmonary haemodynamics and right ventricular function in cemented vs uncemented total hip arthroplasty—A randomized trial
Authors: Segerstad Mathias Hård af , Olsen Fredrik , Patel Arun , Houltz Erik , Nellgård Bengt , Ricksten Sven‐Erik 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundBone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a feared complication in orthopaedic surgery with a huge impact on post‐operative morbidity. In this randomized trial, we evaluated the effects of bone cement on pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics in patients receiving either cemented or uncemented hip arthroplasty for isolated femoral neck fracture.MethodsTwenty‐two patients were randomized to receive either cemented (n = 10) or uncemented (n = 12) total hip arthroplasty. Surgery was performed under total intravenous anaesthesia in the lateral position. All patients were catheterized with radial‐ and pulmonary artery catheters, for continuous measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), cardiac output, right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic volume (RVEDV) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Haemodynamic measurements and blood gas analyses were performed after induction of anaesthesia, during surgery before and immediately after bone cementation and prosthesis insertion, 10 and 20 minutes after insertion and during skin closure.ResultsPulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) increased during and after prosthesis insertion by 45% and 20% in the cemented and uncemented group, respectively (P < 0.005). Systolic and mean PAP increased by 18% and 17% in the cemented group, which was not seen in the uncemented group (P < 0.001). There was a trend for a more pronounced fall in RVEF in the cemented group, while there were no differences in cardiac output or stroke volume between groups.ConclusionThe use of bone cement in total hip arthroplasty increases pulmonary vascular resistance and the afterload of the RV with potentially negative effects on RV performance.
Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section
Authors: Schei Berit , Johannessen Hege Hølmo , Rydning Astrid , Sultan Abdul , Mørkved Siv 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionUncertainties remain as to whether a cesarean section is protective for the short‐term and long‐term development of anal incontinence. Our aim was to explore whether women who had delivered only vaginally were at greater risk of anal incontinence than nulliparous women and women who had undergone cesarean sections only.Material and methodsBackground information, medical history, and data on anal incontinence (defined as fecal or flatus incontinence weekly or more) reported by women participating in a large population‐based health survey in Norway (the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study 3) during the period October 2006 to June 2008 were collected and linked to data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The prevalence of anal incontinence was calculated and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied.ResultsThe mean age of the 12 567 women was 49.9 years. The age and educational level of women who had cesarean sections only were similar to those who had a vaginal delivery and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Nulliparous women and those who had a vaginal delivery and no OASIS were older and had higher educational achievements than women who had delivered by cesarean section exclusively, and women with OASIS. One in four women with OASIS reported anal incontinence compared with one in six of the other women (P < .001). Age, educational level, diarrhea, constipation, birthweight, and OASIS increased the risk of anal incontinence in all women. Parity was associated with anal incontinence in parous women only. No differences were found for fecal urgency.ConclusionsWomen with vaginal deliveries complicated by OASIS are at increased risk of anal incontinence. However, no increased risk of anal incontinence was found in nulliparous women or women who had cesarean sections only or vaginal deliveries not complicated by OASIS.
Choroidal blood flow after the first intravitreal ranibizumab injection in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration patients
Authors: Mottet Benjamin , Aptel Florent , Geiser Martial Henri , Hera Ruxandra , Zhou Thierry , Almanjoumi Ahmed , Vinh Viviane , Chiquet Christophe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo analyse choroidal blood flow (ChBF) changes after the first intravitreal ranibizumab injection in naïve, age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD) patients.MethodsSubfoveal ChBF was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in newly diagnosed ARMD patients. Both treated and untreated eyes were assessed in each subject at each visit before the first intravitreal ranibizumab injection as well as 24 hr (day 1) and 7 days after (day 7). Central macular thickness (CMT), best‐corrected visual acuity (BVCA), systemic haemodynamic parameters and LDF parameters were evaluated at each visit. Nonparametric tests were used to compare data between visits and between treated and untreated eyes.ResultsSeventeen ARMD patients were included (12 women and five men, 78 ± 8 years old). At day 7 postintravitreal ranibizumab injection, the normalized choroidal blood velocity (ChBVel) change in the treated eye group was significant (−10.2%; p = 0.006). The choroidal blood volume (ChBVol) did not change significantly after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. There was a trend for a reduction in ChBF at day 7 (−9.1%, p = 0.08). The sensitivity of the experiment was 12% for ChBVel, 16% for ChBVol and 9% for ChBF.ConclusionIn conclusion, the laser Doppler technique provides feasible and noninvasive measurements of blood flow parameters before and after intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) in patients with exudative ARMD. Choroidal blood velocity decreased as early as 7 days after intravitreal ranibizumab injection, suggesting a vasoconstriction effect of anti‐VEGF in large choroidal vessels in front of choriocapillaris (the site of LDF measurement).
Comparison of corneal biomechanical changes after refractive surgery by noncontact tonometry: small‐incision lenticule extraction versus flap‐based refractive surgery – a systematic review
Authors: Rævdal Pernille , Grauslund Jakob , Vestergaard Anders Højslet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCorneal refractive surgery disrupts corneal integrity and reduces biomechanical stability in consequence of the beneficial refractive alteration. The minimal invasive cap‐based refractive procedure, small‐incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), has been proposed to affect corneal integrity less than flap‐based procedures, due to the fibre‐sparing incision of the strong anterior corneal lamellae. Flap‐based procedures include laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), femtosecond laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK) and femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate corneal biomechanical changes by noncontact air pulse tonometry after treatment of myopia/myopic astigmatism with SMILE compared to flap‐based refractive surgery. A total of 220 publications were identified through a systematic search in PubMed and Embase. Two levels of screening identified nine studies (three randomised controlled trials (RCT) and six nonrandomised clinical trials) eligible for the review. All the nonrandomised clinical trials were graded to have an overall serious risk of bias. Measurements with the Corvis ST were not included in any of the eligible studies. The RCTs found no statistical significant differences between SMILE or flap‐based procedures concerning corneal hysteresis (CH) or corneal resistance factor (CRF), as measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer. However, a greater reduction in CRF and CH was found in the flap‐based group in five and two of the nonrandomised studies, respectively. The findings in this review illustrate that the presumed biomechanical advantages of a cap‐based small incision could not be demonstrated in existing studies and by commercially available technology. However, studies with lower levels of evidence suggest less affection of corneal viscoelastic properties after SMILE when evaluating corneal stability by noncontact tonometry.
Dorsal hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons play an inhibitory role in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis via activation of D2R in mice
Authors: Di Tingting , Chen Peipei , Yuan Zihao , Wang Ya , Sha Sha , Chen Ling 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe present study investigated the effects of dorsal hypothalamic dopamine (dh‐DA) neurons on activation of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in adult male mice.MethodsTyrosine hydroxylase‐labelled DA neurons, DA content, c‐Fos immune‐positive (c‐Fos+) cells and CRH expression in paraventricular nuclei (PVN), serum CORT and ACTH were examined at 4‐, 8‐, and 12‐hour after a signal injection of MPTP (20 mg kg−1) respectively.ResultsThe dh‐DA neurons and DA content in PVN at 4‐hour post‐MPTP were reduced with recovery at 12‐hour post‐MPTP, while decline of nigrostriatal DA neurons and DA content in striatum started from 12‐hour post‐MPTP. Number of c‐Fos+ cells, and CORT/ACTH levels increased at 4‐hour post‐MPTP, followed by recovery at 12‐hour post‐MPTP. The CRH mRNA was elevated at 4‐hour post‐MPTP, and sustained for over 12 hours. At 2‐hour post‐MPTP, PVN‐injection of D2R agonist quinpirole corrected the increases in c‐Fos+ cells, CORT/ACTH and CRH mRNA, but D1R agonist SKF38393 did not. PVN‐injection of D2R antagonist L‐sulpiride alone caused increases in c‐Fos+ cells, CORT/ACTH and CRH mRNA. Similarly, PVN‐injection of CB1R agonist WIN552,12 prevented the increases in c‐Fos+ cells and CORT/ACTH rather than CRH mRNA, which were blocked by CB1R antagonist AM251. Levels of PKA and CREB phosphorylation in PVN were increased at 4‐hour post‐MPTP, which were blocked by quinpirole, but not WIN552,12. PKA inhibitor H89 corrected the increase of CRH mRNA at 8‐hour post‐MPTP.ConclusionThe activation of dh‐DA neurons regulates negatively HPA axis through targeting D2Rs of CRH neurons to enhance endocannabinoid release and inhibit PKA‐CREB pathway.
Power and Sample Size for Dose-Finding Studies with Survival Endpoints Under Model Uncertainty
Authors: Deng Qiqi , Bai Xiaofei , Liu Dacheng , Roy Dooti , Ying Zhiliang , Lin Dan-Yu 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMultiple comparison procedures combined with modeling techniques (MCP-Mod) (Bretz et al., 2005) is an efficient and robust statistical methodology for the model-based design and analysis of dose-finding studies with an unknown dose–response model. With this approach, multiple comparison methods are used to identify statistically significant contrasts corresponding to a set of candidate dose–response models, and the best model is then used to estimate the target dose. Power and sample size calculations for this methodology require knowledge of the covariance matrix for the estimators of the (placebo-adjusted) mean responses among the dose groups. In this article, we consider survival endpoints and derive an analytic form of the covariance matrix for the estimators of the log hazard ratios as a function of the total number of events in the study. We then use this closed-form expression of the covariance matrix to derive the power and sample size formulas. We discuss practical considerations in the application of these formulas. In addition, we provide an illustration with a motivating example on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Finally, we demonstrate through simulation studies that the proposed formulas are accurate enough for practical use.
A professional development model to facilitate teacher adoption of interactive, immersive digital games for classroom learning
Authors: Stieler‐Hunt Colleen , Jones Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe benefits of using digital games in the curriculum are well documented in literature. Most teachers who use digital games use short‐form drill‐and‐practice learning games rather than the kinds of games most students would choose to play in their free time. The use of more interactive, immersive digital games (IDGs) in classrooms tends to be sporadic, dependent upon the enthusiasm and ingenuity of individual teachers. Previous studies have indicated that many teachers have concerns about using digital games in classrooms and have difficulties knowing how to best use digital games. This qualitative study presents a professional development model for teachers that was inductively derived through analysing in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 13 educators who have used digital games in the classroom. Implementing this model can help teachers develop attitudes and skills necessary to meaningfully use interactive, IDGs in their classrooms. Evidence suggests that a mentor should have a strong understanding of how to use digital games effectively in classrooms, work with small cohorts of teachers to collegially plan the use of digital games within a unit of class work, trial the unit of work with a small number of enthusiastic teachers, and then implement it with the remaining teachers. This approach is based on interviews with educators who have successfully mentored teachers in their schools to use interactive, IDGs in their classrooms. These educators encountered little resistance from their teaching colleagues. Their approach further supported teachers who were open to the possibilities of using digital games in their classrooms.
Gamifying programming education in K‐12: A review of programming curricula in seven countries and programming games
Authors: Lindberg Renny S. N. , Laine Teemu H. , Haaranen Lassi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of countries have recently included programming education in their curricula. Similarly, utilizing programming concepts in gameplay has become popular in the videogame industry. Although many games have been developed for learning to program, their variety and their correspondence to national curricula remain an uncharted territory. Consequently, this paper has three objectives. Firstly, an investigation on the guidelines on programming education in K‐12 in seven countries was performed by collecting curricula and other relevant data official from governmental and non‐profit educational websites. Secondly, a review of existing acquirable games that utilize programming topics in their gameplay was conducted by searching popular game stores. Lastly, we compared the curricula and made suggestions as to which age group the identified games would be suitable. The results of this study can be useful to educators and curriculum designers who wish to gamify programming education.
The influence of extramural access to mainstream culture social media on ethnic minority students’ motivation for language learning
Authors: Lai Chun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe educational potentials of social media both in the formal and informal learning contexts have been widely acknowledged. However, how social media use in the informal contexts might influence students’ learning in the formal contexts is still underexplored. Path analysis of 141 survey responses from secondary school ethnic minority students in Hong Kong revealed that voluntary access to Chinese social media in daily life influenced these students’ ideal L2 self and motivated efforts in learning Chinese both directly and indirectly via bicultural integration identity and bicultural competence. The findings confirmed that social media practices in the informal contexts may influence students’ motivated efforts in learning in the formal contexts. The study suggests promoting ethnic minorities’ extramural use of mainstream culture social media to influence their acculturation into the dominant culture and motivation in learning the dominant culture’s language. It further highlights the importance of equipping ethnic minority students with the necessary socio‐cultural and communication skills to facilitate positive intercultural engagement on these sites so as to safeguard the positive influences of informal social media use on students’ motivation for learning.