bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preanalytical robustness of blood collection tubes with RNA stabilizers
Authors: Stellino Chiara , Hamot Gaël , Bellora Camille , Trouet Johanna , Betsou Fay 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Efficient blood stabilization is essential to obtaining reliable and comparable RNA analysis data in preclinical operations. PAXgene (Qiagen, Becton Dickinson) and Tempus (Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies) blood collection tubes with RNA stabilizers both avoid preanalytical degradation of mRNA by endogenous nucleases and modifications in specific mRNA concentrations by unintentional up- or down-regulation of gene expression.

Methods
Sixteen different preanalytical conditions were tested in PAXgene and Tempus blood samples from seven donors: different mixing after collection, different fill volumes and different 24-h transport temperature conditions after collection. RNA was extracted by column-based methods. The quality of the extracted RNA was assessed by spectrophotometric quantification, A260/A280 purity ratio, RNA Integrity Number (Agilent Bioanalyzer), miRNA quantative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on two target miRNAs (RNU-24 and miR-16), mRNA quality index by qRT-PCR on the 3′ and 5′ region of the GAPDH gene, and the PBMC preanalytical score, based on the relative expression levels of the IL8 and EDEM3 coding genes.

Results
When PAXgene RNA and Tempus blood collection tubes were used following the manufacturers’ instructions, there was no statistically or technically significant difference in the output RNA quality attributes. However, the integrity of the RNA extracted from Tempus collection tubes was more sensitive to fill volumes and effective inversion, than to storage temperature, while the integrity of RNA extracted from PAXgene collection tubes was more sensitive to effective inversion and storage temperature than to fill volumes.

Conclusions
Blood collection tubes with different RNA stabilizers present different robustness to common preanalytical variations.
𝜎-ideals and outer measures on the real line
Authors: Garcia-Ferreira Salvador , Tomita Artur H. , Ortiz-Castillo Yasser Ferman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A weak selection on

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

is a function

f
:

[
ℝ
]

2

→
ℝ

{f\colon[\mathbb{R}]^{2}\to\mathbb{R}}

such that

f
⁢

(

{
x
,
y
}

)

∈

{
x
,
y
}

{f(\{x,y\})\in\{x,y\}}

for each

{
x
,
y
}

∈

[
ℝ
]

2

{\{x,y\}\in[\mathbb{R}]^{2}}

.
In this article, we continue with the study (which was initiated in [1]) of the outer measures

λ
f

{\lambda_{f}}

on the real line

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

defined by weak selections f.
One of the main results is to show that CH is equivalent to the existence of a weak selection f for which

λ
f

⁢

(
A
)

=
0

{\lambda_{f}(A)=0}

whenever

|
A
|

≤
ω

{\lvert A\rvert\leq\omega}

and

λ
f

⁢

(
A
)

=
∞

{\lambda_{f}(A)=\infty}

otherwise.
Some conditions are given for a σ-ideal of

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

in order to be exactly the family

𝒩
f

{\mathcal{N}_{f}}

of

λ
f

{\lambda_{f}}

-null subsets for some weak selection f.
It is shown that there are

2
𝔠

{2^{\mathfrak{c}}}

pairwise distinct ideals on

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

of the form

𝒩
f

{\mathcal{N}_{f}}

, where f is a weak selection.
Also, we prove that the Martin axiom implies the existence of a weak selection f such that

𝒩
f

{\mathcal{N}_{f}}

is exactly the σ-ideal of meager subsets of

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

.
Finally, we shall study pairs of weak selections which are “almost equal” but they have different families of

λ
f

{\lambda_{f}}

-measurable sets.
On some k-fractional integral inequalities of~Hermite--Hadamard type for twice differentiable generalized beta (r, g)-preinvex functions
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, a new class of generalized beta

(
r
,
g
)

{(r,g)}

-preinvex functions is introduced and some new integral inequalities for the left-hand side of Gauss–Jacobi type quadrature formula involving generalized beta

(
r
,
g
)

{(r,g)}

-preinvex functions are given. Moreover, some generalizations of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for generalized beta

(
r
,
g
)

{(r,g)}

-preinvex functions that are twice differentiable via k-fractional integrals are established. These general inequalities give us some new estimates for Hermite–Hadamard type k-fractional integral inequalities and also extend some results appeared in the literature; see [A. Kashuri and R. Liko,
Ostrowski type fractional integral inequalities for generalized

(
s
,
m
,
φ
)

(s,m,\varphi)

-preinvex functions,
Aust. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 13 2016, 1, Article ID 16]. At the end, some applications to special means are given.
Punitive Damages: Reorienting the Debate in Civil Law Systems
Authors: Martínez Alles María Guadalupe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Scholarly debates in a number of Latin American and European countries have recently focused on the legal institution of punitive damages. These debates have been primarily influenced by the Anglo-American experience with the institution. The dominance of an outcome-driven, interpretive approach to an inherently complex and contradictory practice in the prevailing Anglo-American scholarship on punitive damages, however, has seriously affected and likely distorted the comparative and normative scholarly debates over the introduction of the institution in countries that follow the civil law tradition. In this article, I argue that, in order to participate more meaningfully in the punitive damages debate, civil law scholars should, on one hand, refrain from attempts to improve the understanding of the Anglo-American practice while offering country-specific assessments of the authors’ own legal system’s (in)compatibilities with the institution; and, on the other hand, actively engage in thorough discussions regarding the fundamental theoretical grounding of the place of punishment in modern private law. The novelty of this scholarly approach will require private law scholars to acknowledge both the punitive elements currently hidden yet nonetheless patent in domestic private law practices of awarding damages and the constraining effect of the pervasively proclaimed yet easily disputable clear-cut line between private and public law.
An Efficient Quality Inspection of Food Products Using Neural Network Classification
Authors: Ali Syed Sumera Ershad , Dildar Sayyad Ajij 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Currently, there is a necessity for the expansion of precise, rapid, and intentional quality assurance with respect to the character of food and horticultural food items, because it is difficult to maintain and organize food products in an elevated quality and secure manner for the increasing population. In this article, we propose a procedure to resolve difficulties and to categorize food as either a broken or quality product. Therefore, the proposed process encompasses four segments, such as preprocessing, segmentation of broken division, feature extraction, and classification. At the first stage, the preprocessing method is used to remove all unnecessary noises. After that, modified region expansion-related segmentation is undertaken to segment the broken division of the food product. Then, feature extraction is used to remove the distinctive attributes of each food product to categorize their evaluation. Finally, the neural network classification procedure is used to examine the food quality. The proposed method is executed in the operational platform of MATLAB, and the consequences are examined by using obtainable methods.
A series of three case reports in patients with phenylketonuria performing regular exercise: first steps in dietary adjustment
Authors: Rocha Júlio César , van Dam Esther , Ahring Kirsten , Almeida Manuela Ferreira , Bélanger-Quintana Amaya , Dokoupil Katharina , Gökmen-Özel Hülya , Robert Martine , Heidenborg Carina , Harbage Emma , MacDonald Anita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare, inherited metabolic condition, is treated with a strict low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet, supplemented with Phe-free protein substitute. The optimal nutritional management of a sporting individual with PKU has not been described. Therefore, guidelines for the general athlete have to be adapted.

Case presentation
Three clinical scenarios of sporting patients with PKU are given, illustrating dietary adaptations to usual management and challenges to attain optimal sporting performance. Therefore, the main objectives of sports nutrition in PKU are to (1) maintain a high carbohydrate diet; (2) carefully monitor hydration status; and (3) give attention to the timing of protein substitute intake in the immediate post-exercise recovery phase. Optimal energy intake should be given prior to, during and post exercise training sessions or competition. Fortunately, a usual low-Phe diet is rich in carbohydrate, but attention is required on the types of special low-protein foods chosen. Acute exercise does not seem to influence blood Phe concentrations, but further evidence is needed.

Summary
Well-treated PKU patients should be able to participate in sports activities, but this is associated with increased nutritional requirements and dietary adjustments.

Conclusions
It should be the goal of all sporting patients with PKU to maintain good metabolic Phe control and attain maximal athletic performance.
Semiconductor-enhanced Raman scattering sensors via quasi-three-dimensional Au/Si/Au structures
Authors: Liu Guiqiang , Liu Yi , Tang Li , Liu Xiaoshan , Fu Guolan , Liu Zhengqi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a feasible way to strongly enhance Raman signals via introducing an ultra-thin dielectric film in the dual-layer plasmonic hotspots structure, which forms a quasi-three-dimensional structure. The Raman intensity was obtained with an enhancement factor of 735% for the dual-layer metal structure buffered with an ultra-thin silicon film. Moreover, the silicon layer based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate provided a Raman signal two to five times larger than that of the silica buffered substrate. These distinct responses confirm that the ultra-thin high-index semiconductor film has the capability of additionally enhancing Raman scattering. Otherwise, the upper and lower metal clusters can support multiple kinds of plasmonic resonances, which produce a remarkable physical enhancement of the Raman signals. Besides these impressive optical properties, the substrates have prominent advantages on structural features, since the fabrication process can be fulfilled simply, suggesting a feasible way for a large-area and low-cost SERS platform. The findings may pave an avenue to achieve insights on the dielectric enhanced Raman scattering and hold potential applications in optoelectronics, such as environmental and health sensors.
Coherent Raman scattering with plasmonic antennas
Authors: Fast Alexander , Potma Eric Olaf 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) techniques are recognized for their ability to induce and detect vibrational coherences in molecular samples. The generation of coherent light fields in CRS produces much stronger signals than what is common in incoherent Raman spectroscopy, while also enabling direct views of evolving molecular vibrations. Despite the attractive attributes of CRS spectroscopy, the technique’s sensitivity is insufficient for performing measurements on single molecules, thus precluding the ability to coherently drive, manipulate and observe individual vibrational quantum oscillators with light. The single-molecule sensitivity that has been achieved in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the aid of plasmonic antennas suggests that a similar approach may be used to push CRS techniques to the single-molecule detection limit. Compared with SERS, however, experimental successes in surface-enhanced coherent Raman scattering (SE-CRS) are few, and a theoretical understanding of surface-enhancement in CRS is still incomplete. In this review, we discuss some of the principles and challenges in SE-CRS and summarize the latest advances in the quest of performing routine CRS experiments on single molecules.
Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Terzano Roberto , Denecke Melissa A. , Falkenberg Gerald , Miller Bradley , Paterson David , Janssens Koen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation.
Analysis of the formation of gap-based leakages in polymer-metal electronic systems with labyrinth seals
Authors: Kleffel Tobias , Frey Philipp , Merklein Marion , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A major challenge in manufacturing polymer-metal electronic systems, for example, encapsulations of metal inserts using assembly injection molding, is to create a tight sealing in order to prevent leakage. One typical reason for leakage is the formation of gaps between polymer and metal. Through labyrinth seals, which can be manufactured by structuring of the metal surface, the gap-based leakage networks can be interrupted. However, in order to use the appropriate structure in the right position, knowledge about the formation of the gaps is essential. The research covered in this paper focuses on the analysis of the formation of gap-based leakages in polymer-metal electronic systems with labyrinth seals to improve the component design of such parts. The effects of different embossed labyrinth seals, which differ in depth and features, and an electrochemically manufactured areal seal on the tightness and leakage position are investigated. Furthermore, the formation of the leakage network is presented for the investigated variants.
Environmental radioactivity proficiency tests: results evaluation of gamma radiation measurements in a case of emergency and continuously activities
Authors: Ćujić Mirjana , Čučulović Ana , Petrović Jelena , Dragović Snežana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A valuable tool for external quality control that provides opportunity to improve analytical skills and techniques in the field of radioactivity measurements is participation in proficiency tests (PTs). In this work obtained results from the gamma spectrometry intercomparison for 15 laboratories conducted in May 1986 immediately after the Chernobyl accident for the lucerne sample contaminated with fission products: 140Ba, 141Ce, 144Ce, 134Cs, 137Cs, 131I, 103Ru, 106Ru, 95Zr, are evaluated following the recommendations of the international standard ISO 13528:2005. Environmental radioactivity proficiency tests organized by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are designed to identify analytical problems, to help members states to maintain their accreditation and to provide knowledge and technology transfer in this area. The Analytical Laboratories for the Measurement of Environmental Radioactivity (ALMERA) is a world-wide network of analytical laboratories capable to analyzed radioactivity contents, coordinated by IAEA. Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, is an official member since 2013. Annual PTs are organized by ALMERA for the network laboratories using sets of different samples. Based on the PT proposition each result should pass accuracy and precision test to be awarded the status ‘Accepted’, otherwise it lies on the status ‘Warning’ or ‘Not Accepted’. INEP was participated in three worldwide open (in 2006, 2007 and 2011) and six (in a period 2012–2016) PTs organized by IAEA and ALMERA. Radionuclide activity concentrations in different environmental matrices were measured using gamma-ray spectrometer with high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. In IAEA worldwide open PTs among 61 results, 74 % were ‘Accepted’ and 26 % were ‘Not Accepted’. In ALMERA network PTs among 70 results, 84.3 % were ‘Accepted’, 4.3 % were ‘Warning’, 11.4 % were ‘Not Accepted’. PT exercises are the best way to identify gaps and problems areas where further development is needed.
Electronic cigarettes in the indoor environment
Authors: Marcham Cheryl L. , Springston John P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or “vaping”) has seen an unprecedented increase worldwide. Vaping has been promoted as a beneficial smoking cessation tool and an alternative nicotine delivery device that contains no combustion by-products. However, nicotine is highly addictive, and the increased use of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes among teens and individuals who are not in need of smoking cessation may lead to overall greater nicotine dependence in the population. Furthermore, available research indicates that vaping solutions and their emissions may contain much more than just nicotine, including aerosolized flavorings, propylene glycol (PG), and other intentional and unintentional contaminants. These materials could present undefined potential health hazards to both e-cigarette users and bystanders, the full extent of which is not well understood at this time. Whereas e-cigarette usage and exposures may lower some or most of the risks associated with conventional cigarette use, the health effects of nicotine and aerosol exposures from e-cigarettes are not well understood. Research indicates that vaping aerosols are not benign, especially for nearby people in areas with limited ventilation and people with compromised health conditions. In addition, e-juice liquids have already been responsible for an increase in accidental poisonings in children. Because the magnitude of health and safety hazards that vaping may present to nonusers remains unclear, it is prudent to manage and control vaping in indoor locations where smoking is currently restricted. Based on a review of current scientific information, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) recommends that e-cigarettes should be considered a source of aerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulates in the indoor environment that have not been thoroughly characterized or evaluated for health risk or safety.
Dickenbestimmung transparenter Schichten mit einem chromatisch-konfokalen Sensor
Authors: Quinten Michael 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die optische Bestimmung der Dicke transparenter Objekte oder dicker transparenter Schichten kann ziemlich einfach mit einem chromatisch-konfokalen Sensor durchgeführt werden. Die Dicke erhält man als Differenz zweier Distanzpeaks multipliziert mit dem Brechungsindex des Probenmaterials. Eine detailliertere Analyse zeigt jedoch, dass das Ergebnis korrigiert werden sollte mit einem Faktor, der die Lichtbrechung genau berücksichtigt. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird dieser Faktor abgeleitet und diskutiert, und es werden tabellierte Werte für einige Brechungsindizes und verschiedene Aperturwinkel des chromatisch-konfokalen Sensors angegeben.
Magnetoacoustic Nonlinear Solitary and Freak Waves in Pair-Ion Plasma
Authors: Sethi Papihra , Singh Kuldeep , Saini N.S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An investigation of magnetoacoustic nonlinear solitary and freak waves in a magnetised collisionless pair-ion plasma using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model is presented. The reductive perturbation method is used to obtain the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. The solitary wave solution of KP equation is examined. Further, on modulating KP equation, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived with the help of appropriate transformation. The influence of various plasma parameters such as magnetic field strength, number density of ions, and temperature ratio of negative to positive ions, etc. on the propagation characteristics of solitary waves and first- as well as second-order magnetoacoustic freak waves in pair-ion plasma is examined.
New Heterocyclic Derivative to Stop Carbon Steel Corrosion
Authors: Deyab M. A. , Fouda A. S. , Abdel-Fattah S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The new compound 4-(2-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)hydrazono)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (PY) was synthesized. Its anti-corrosion properties for C-steel in acid solution (1.0 M HCl) were evaluated utilize electrochemical tools. The synthesized compound was described using FT-IR and 1H-NMR analyses. The purity of PY was affirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The outcome data proved that PY possess adequate anti-corrosion features for C-steel in corrosive solution. The polarization parameters mentioned that the PY is a mixed inhibitor. Inhibition performance obtained by polarization measurements (i.e. 91.5%) are consistent with the one obtained by EIS (i.e. 88.6%). Quantum chemical parameters for PY were studied to supply assist knowledge into the anti-corrosion properties of the new compound.
Audio–Visual (Multimodal) Speech Recognition System Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Paulin Hebsibah , Milton R. S. , JanakiRaman S. , Chandraprabha K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recognizing the voice of a person by a smart device has become the need of the hour. Our cell phones are equipped with such features that converts speech to text, receives a command as a voice instruction instead of screen touch or pressing of a button. There are numerous intelligent machines such as automatic cars, robots, smart phones that use speech recognition features. These features are also very useful for people who are disabled and cannot use the smart devices with their hands. There are numerous techniques available to implement a speech recognition system. The need of such a system is to accurately recognize human voice at any circumstances, because the accent of each human differs for a single language, and also, the human voice is never devoid of noise and other emotional elements. So, the aim of such systems is to recognize human voices of different accents, even in a noisy environment. Because of this, an effective and robust speech recognition system has become important for machine and human interaction. Much voice-recognizing software depends purely on audio to recognize a voice, and one cannot guarantee that the audio will be noise free. In order to improve the accuracy and performance of traditional speech recognition system in a noisy environment, a new, nontraditional approach called a multimodal speech recognition system that uses both the audio and video features such as lip movement facial expression to recognize a speech is used. This article discusses the advantage of using video features along with the audio features with an experiment that proves it.