bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ru‐Sn‐B/TiO2 catalysts for methyl oleate selective hydrogenation. Influence of the preparation method and the chlorine content
Authors: Sánchez María A , Mazzieri Vanina A , Pronier Stéphane , Vicerich María A , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Pieck Carlos L 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFatty alcohols are produced commercially by selective hydrogenation of fatty acid esters using copper‐chromium catalysts. To reduce drastic reaction conditions, ruthenium‐tin (Ru‐Sn) catalysts reduced with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) have been proposed. Chlorine (Cl) negatively affects the selectivity and activity of this catalytic system. To get further information on why Cl influences the selectivity negatively, this study investigated the influence of the preparation method on titania (TiO2)‐supported catalysts, which leads to catalysts with different Cl contents.RESULTSThe activity and selectivity were greatly affected by the Cl content, which depends on the metal impregnation method (co‐impregnation in excess of solution or co‐impregnation by incipient wetness) and the support pre‐calcination. Chlorine affects the Ru–Sn metal interaction, modifying the activity and selectivity. Catalysts with high Ru–Sn interaction are more selective to oleyl alcohol. Catalysts prepared by the co‐impregnation method exhibit bigger particles than catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness method, with agglomerated Ru3Sn7 cubic phase of 50 nm surrounded by amorphous Ru‐Sn.CONCLUSIONHigh interaction between Ru and Sn is preferred because segregated Ru species are not selective for the formation of oleyl alcohol. The electronic state of Ru0 is very important because small variations in the electron density lead to a decrease in the adsorption of hydrogen, or because Ru0‐H species do not have the adequate binding energy to produce the necessary ‘hydride form’. The Ru electronic state is modified by the Cl that surrounds it, decreasing its ability to adsorb hydrogen. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Doppler ultrasonographic and clinical features of middle aortic syndrome
Authors: Yan Lei , Li Hai‐Ying , Ye Xiao‐Jian , Xu Rong‐Quan , Chen Xiao‐Yu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo discuss Doppler ultrasonographic and clinical features of middle aortic syndrome (MAS).Materials and methodsDoppler ultrasonographic images and clinical dates of 11 patients with MAS confirmed by angiography were retrospectively analyzed from January 2004 to September 2016.ResultsThe median age of 11 patients was 10 years (1‐39 years). Ten patients presented with hypertension, only 2 cases presented with symptomatic intermittent claudication, and 1 case presented with abdominal pain. The ultrasonographic features of 11 patients with MAS included: (a) Gray‐scale image showed significant segmental narrowing of the aorta in 9 cases. (b) Color Doppler demonstrated aliasing in the suspicious narrowed vessels of all cases. (c) On Spectral Doppler image, peak systolic velocity in the location of aorta coarctation was significantly elevated (range, 2.3~4.8 m/s). When infrarenal aorta was involved, a tardus‐parvus waveform was only seen in the distal aorta. When suprarenal or inter‐renal aorta was involved, a tardus‐parvus pattern was seen in the distal aorta as well as renal artery.ConclusionsSignificant segmental narrowing and a tardus‐parvus waveform are the important ultrasonographic features in patients with MAS, the latter may be more reliable. Doppler ultrasound can be used as a simple screening method, especially for children and adolescents suspected of having a vascular cause of refractory hypertension.
Carotid arterial wall stiffness correlates positively with impedance of the umbilical and uterine arteries in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Li Jingyu , Wang Bin , Cai Ailu , Yuan Qian , Ding Hao , Zhao Dan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine whether the stiffness of the arterial walls of women with preeclampsia (PE) differs from that of healthy controls and to evaluate its association with fetal and uterine artery Doppler variables and perinatal outcomes in PE.MethodsWe enrolled 30 women with PE and 30 normotensive pregnant women. Carotid artery stiffness and Doppler variables of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral arteries and the ductus venosus were measured in both groups. Measurements of the common carotid artery were performed by the Aloka ultrasonic echo‐tracking technique.ResultsStiffness of the carotid artery wall of women with PE was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. It was positively correlated with the pulsatility index of the uterine and umbilical arteries and negatively correlated with the cerebroplacental ratio in women with PE. In women with PE, the carotid artery augmentation index showed negative correlations with birth weight and Apgar score.ConclusionsThe stiffness of the carotid arteries of women with PE is increased, and this increase is positively correlated with the impedance of the umbilical and uterine arteries.
“My future is bright…I won't die with the cause of AIDS”: ten‐year patient ART outcomes and experiences in South Africa
Authors: Hendrickson Cheryl J , Pascoe Sophie J S , Huber Amy N , Moolla Aneesa , Maskew Mhairi , Long Lawrence C , Fox Matthew P 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionSouth Africa is moving into a new era of HIV treatment with “treat all” policies where people may be on treatment for most of their lives. We need to understand treatment outcomes and facilitators of long‐term antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and retention‐in‐care in the South African context. In one of the first studies to investigate long‐term treatment outcomes in South Africa, we aimed to describe ten‐year patient outcomes at a large public‐sector HIV clinic in Johannesburg and explore patient experiences of the treatment programme over this time in order to ascertain factors that may aid or hinder long‐term adherence and retention.MethodsWe conducted a cohort analysis (n = 6644) and in‐depth interviews (n = 24) among HIV‐positive adults initiating first‐line ART between April 2004 and March 2007. Using clinical records, we ascertained twelve‐month and ten‐year all‐cause mortality and loss to follow‐up (LTF). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify baseline predictors of attrition (mortality and LTF (>3 months late for the last scheduled visit)) at twelve months and ten years. Twenty‐four patients were purposively selected and interviewed to explore treatment programme experiences over ten years on ART.ResultsExcluding transfers, 79.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 78.5 to 80.5) of the cohort were alive, in care at twelve months dropping to 35.1% (95% CI: 33.7 to 36.4) at ten years. Over 44% of deaths occurred within 12 months. Ten‐year all‐cause mortality increased, while LTF decreased slightly, with age. Year and age at ART initiation, sex, nationality, baseline CD4 count, anaemia, body mass index and initiating regimen were predictors of ten‐year attrition. Among patients interviewed, the pretreatment clinic environment, feelings of gratitude and good fortune, support networks, and self‐efficacy were facilitators of care; side effects, travel and worsening clinical conditions were barriers. Participants were generally optimistic about their futures and were committed to continued care.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the complexities of long‐term chronic HIV treatment with declining all‐cause mortality and increasing LTF over ten years. Barriers to long‐term retention still present a significant challenge. As more people become eligible for ART in South Africa under “treatment for all,” new healthcare delivery challenges will arise; interventions are needed to ensure long‐term programme successes continue.
Evaluation of intraductal delivery of poly(ethylene glycol)‐doxorubicin conjugate nanocarriers for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)‐like lesions in rats
Authors: Gu Zichao , Al‐Zubaydi Firas , Adler Derek , Li Shike , Johnson Steven , Prasad Puja , Holloway Jennifer , Szekely Zoltan , Love Susan , Gao Dayuan , Sinko Patrick J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ is the most commonly diagnosed early stage breast cancer. The efficacy of intraductally delivered poly(ethylene glycol)‐doxorubicin (PEG‐DOX) nanocarriers, composed of one or more DOX conjugated to various PEG polymers, was investigated in an orthotopic ductal carcinoma in situ‐like rat model. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against 13762 Mat B III cells using MTT assay. The orthotopic model was developed by inoculating cancer cells into mammary ducts of female Fischer 344 retired breeder rats. The ductal retention and in vivo antitumour efficacy of two of the six nanocarriers (5 kDa PEG‐DOX and 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4) were investigated based on in vitro results. Mammary retention of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers was quantified using in vivo imaging. Histopathologic effects of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers on mammary ductal structure were also investigated. Cytotoxicities of small linear PEG‐DOX nanocarriers (5 and 10 kDa) were not different from DOX whereas larger PEG‐DOX nanocarriers showed reduced potency. The order of mammary retention was 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4 > 5 kDa PEG‐DOX >> DOX, in normal and tumour‐bearing rats. Intraductally administered PEG‐DOX nanocarriers and DOX were effective in reducing tumour incidence and increasing survival rate, with no significant differences found among the three treatment groups. However, nanocarriers administered intravenously at the same doses were not effective, and intraductally administered free DOX caused severe local toxicity. Intraductal administration of PEG‐DOX nanocarriers is effective and less toxic than that of free DOX, as well as IV DOX/PEG‐DOX. Furthermore, PEG‐DOX nanocarriers demonstrate the added benefit of prolonging DOX ductal retention, which would necessitate less frequent dosing.
MRI‐guided treatment in the breast
Authors: Pediconi Federica , Marzocca Flaminia , Cavallo Marincola Beatrice , Napoli Alessandro 
Published: October 2018

In the last decades, an increasing interest has developed towards non‐invasive breast lesion treatments, which offer advantages such as the lack of surgery‐related complications, better cosmetic outcomes, and less psychological distress. In addition, these treatments could be an option for patients with poor health who are not candidates for surgery. Non‐surgical ablation can be performed under magnetic resonance (MR) or ultrasound (US) guidance. US is cheaper and easily available, while contrast‐enhanced MR is more accurate, ensuring better safety and efficacy for the patient. Overall results of studies about MRI‐guided tumor ablation reported complete ablation rates ranging between 20% and 100%. High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU or FUS) is the most studied ablative technique and it is already established as a valid technique for ablation of benign and malignant tumors in various organs. Ultrasound‐guided FUS is very useful for young patients who refuse surgery or with multiple nodules; however, MR‐guided FUS is more sensitive and allows a better evaluation of thermal accumulation within the ablated tissue or the adjacent structures. Most MR‐guided FUS studies used a dedicated high‐field MR scanner and complete tumor ablation was reported in 17–90% of cases. Other techniques using thermal tissue destruction are radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). Only a few studies assessed the efficacy of these treatments, all were performed with open MR devices. RFA showed complete tumor ablation in 30–96% of patients, while LITT in 10–71%, but all the studies had a small number of patients. Cryoablation obtains tissue ablation by a rapid decrease of temperature, with a complete tumor removal reported in 18–52% of cases with MR guidance. No serious complications were reported with these techniques. Currently, breast conservative surgery replaced radical surgery when possible. Therefore, future research should focus on these treatments to shift towards an even less invasive approach to breast neoplasms.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1479–1488
Hemodynamic measurements with an abdominal 4D flow MRI sequence with spiral sampling and compressed sensing in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Bane Octavia , Peti Steven , Wagner Mathilde , Hectors Stefanie , Dyvorne Hadrien , Markl Michael , Taouli Bachir 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe test–retest/interobserver repeatability and diagnostic value of 4D flow MRI in liver disease is underreported.PurposeTo determine the reproducibility/repeatability of flow quantification in abdominal vessels using a spiral 4D flow MRI sequence; to assess the value of 4D flow parameters in diagnosing cirrhosis and degree of portal hypertension.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFifty‐two patients with chronic liver disease.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/spiral 4D flow acquired in one breath‐hold.AssessmentThirteen abdominal vessels were identified and segmented by two independent observers to measure maximum and time‐averaged through‐plane velocity, net flow, and vessel cross‐section area. Interobserver agreement and test–retest repeatability were evaluated in 15 and 4 cases, respectively. Prediction of the presence and severity of cirrhosis and portal hypertension was assessed using 4D flow parameters.Statistical TestsCohen's kappa coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV), Bland–Altman, Mann–Whitney tests, logistic regression.ResultsFor all vessels combined, measurements showed acceptable agreement between observers, with Cohen's kappa = 0.70 (P < 0.001), CV < 21%, Bland–Altman bias <5%, but high limits of agreement ([–75%,75%]). Test–retest repeatability was excellent in large vessels (CV = 1–15%, bias = 1–25%, Bland–Altman limits of agreement [BALA] = [4%,150%]), and poor in small vessels (CV = 7–130%, bias = 10–200%, BALA = [8%,190%]). Average velocity in the right hepatic vein and average area of the splenic vein were higher in cirrhosis (P = 0.027/0.0039). Flow in the middle hepatic vein strongly correlated with Child–Pugh score (ρ = 0.84, P = 0.0238), while flow in the splenic vein (ρ = 0.43, P = 0.032), time‐average (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.02) and peak velocity in the superior mesenteric vein (ρ = 0.45, P = 0.032), and peak velocity in the infrarenal IVC (ρ = 0.39, P = 0.032) positively correlated with an imaging‐based portal hypertension score. Average area of the splenic vein predicted cirrhosis (P = 0.019; area under the curve AUC [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.87 [0.71,1.00]) and clinically significant portal hypertension (P = 0.042; AUC [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.57–0.99]).Data ConclusionSpiral 4D flow allows comprehensive assessment of abdominal vessels in one breath‐hold, with substantial interobserver reproducibility, but variable test–retest repeatability. 4D flow may potentially reflect vascular changes due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:994–1005.
Fruit nutritional quality under deficit irrigation: the case of table grapes in California
Authors: Centofanti Tiziana , Bañuelos Gary S , Ayars James E 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSustainable agricultural practices are needed to face current threats to agricultural production in areas where water scarcity, recurrent droughts, and decreased soil quality are endangering productivity and food security. Deficit irrigation (DI) practices consist of reducing irrigation applied at levels below full crop evapotranspiration losses throughout the growing season or at specific phenological stages of the specific crop.The goal of our study was to evaluate the physiological response of table grapes subjected to DI relative to fruit quality. DI treatments were developed as a percentage of the grower practice (evapotranspiration losses are fully replenished by irrigation) on commercial fields of table grapes in central California. DI practices began in 2011 and were continued throughout 2015. Grape berries were analyzed for mineral elements, berry weight, diameter and firmness, carbon and nitrogen content, pH, soluble solids, and total phenolic compounds.RESULTSIn this study, DI practices in all treatments did not significantly increase or decrease nutraceutical compounds in grape berry and measured physiological responses to DI were mixed, with significant variation between years.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that DI practices could be safely used in dry areas for at least four years without affecting the nutritional quality of grape berry in ‘Crimson seedless’ and ‘Sugraone’. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of Water Mixing and Ice Formation on the Warming of Lake Superior: A Model‐guided Mechanism Study
Authors: Ye Xinyu , Anderson Eric J. , Chu Philip Y. , Huang Chenfu , Xue Pengfei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Laurentian Great Lakes are one of the most prominent hotspots for the study of climate change induced lake warming. Warming trends in large, deep lakes, which are often inferred by the observations of lake surface temperature (LST) in most studies, are strongly linked to the total lake heat content. In this study, we use a 3D hydrodynamic model to examine the nonlinear processes of water mixing and ice formation that cause changes in lake heat content and further variation of LST. With a focus on mechanism study, a series of process‐oriented experiments is carried out to understand the interactions among these processes and their relative importance to the lake heat budget. Using this hydrodynamic model, we estimate the lake heat content by integrating over the entire 3D volume. Our analysis reveals that (1) Heat content trends do not necessarily follow (can even be opposed to) trends in LST. Hence, using LST as a warming indicator can be problematic; (2) vertical mixing in water column may play a more important role in regulating lake warming than traditionally expected. Changes in the water mixing pattern can have a prolonged effect on the thermal structure; (3) Ice albedo feedback, even in cold winters, has little impact on lake thermal structure, and its influence on lake warming may have been overestimated. Our results indicate that climate change will not only affect the air‐lake energy exchange but can also alter lake internal dynamics, therefore, the lake's response to a changing climate may vary with time.
Lidocaine‐induced potentiation of thermal damage in skin and carcinoma cells
Authors: Raff Adam B. , Thomas Carina N. , Chuang Gary S. , Avram Mathew M. , Le Monica H. , Anderson R. Rox , Purschke Martin 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveLidocaine acts as a local anesthetic by blocking transmembrane sodium channel permeability, but also induces the synthesis of heat shock proteins and sensitizes cells to hyperthermia. A previous study reported two cases of deep focal skin ulceration at points corresponding to depot local lidocaine injection sites after treatment with non‐ablative fractional resurfacing and it was hypothesized that lidocaine had focally sensitized keratinocytes to the thermal damage of laser treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lidocaine potentiates hyperthermia damage to both normal and cancerous skin cells using an in vitro model.MethodsNormal skin cell lines (fibroblasts, keratinocytes), skin cancer cell lines (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma), and a mucosal cancer cell line (cervical carcinoma) were exposed to various concentrations of lidocaine (0–0.3%) with or without hyperthermia (37°C, 42°C).ResultsCompared to normal skin cells, we demonstrate that cancer cell lines show significantly increased cell toxicity when a moderate temperature (42°C) and low lidocaine concentrations (0.1–0.2%) are combined. The toxicity directly correlates with a higher percentage of cells in S‐phase (28–57%) in the cancer cell lines compared to normal skin cell lines (13–19%; R‐square 0.6752).ConclusionThese results suggest that lidocaine potentiates thermal sensitivity of cell cycle active skin cells. The direct correlation between cell toxicity and S‐phase cells could be harnessed to selectively treat skin and mucosal cancer cells while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Additional research pre‐clinically and clinically using several different heat sources (e.g., lasers, ultrasound, etc.) and lidocaine concentrations is needed to confirm and optimize these results. Lidocaine‐enhanced hyperthermia may provide a non‐invasive, alterative treatment option for highly proliferating, superficial skin, and mucosal lesions such as cancer or warts. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:88–94, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Standards for Nutrition Support: Adult Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ukleja Andrew , Gilbert Karen , Mogensen Kris M. , Walker Renee , Ward Ceressa T. , Ybarra Joe , Holcombe Beverly ,   Task Force on Standards for Nutrition Support: Adult Hospitalized Patients, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition defines standards as benchmarks representing a range of performance of competent care that should be provided to assure safe and efficacious nutrition care in most circumstances. Standards are documents that define the structure needed to provide competent care. These Standards for Nutrition Support for Adult Hospitalized Patients are an update of the 2010 Standards. These practice‐based standards are intended for use by healthcare professionals charged with the care of adult hospitalized patients receiving nutrition support therapy in any hospital with or without a formal nutrition support service or team. These Standards address professional responsibilities as they relate to patient assessment, diagnosis, education, care plan development, implementation, clinical monitoring, evaluation, and professional issues around nutrition support.
Metabolic Support of the Patient on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Nystrom Erin M. , Nei Andrea M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the modality of choice in critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability requiring renal replacement therapy. The goal of this review is to discuss an overview of CRRT types, components, and important considerations for nutrition support provision. Evidence basis for guidelines and our recommendations are reviewed. Nutrition support–related implications include the possibility of calorie gain with citrate‐based anticoagulation, calorie loss with glucose‐free replacement fluids and dialysate, and significant amino acid losses in effluent. We challenge nutrition support clinicians to develop a keen understanding of the specific CRRT modalities that are employed in their intensive care units and to be able to determine how the CRRT prescription may impact a patient's nutrition support prescription.
Nutrition Support in Adult Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Bear Danielle E. , Smith Elizabeth , Barrett Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for both severe respiratory and cardiac failure is increasing. Because these patients are some of the sickest in the intensive care unit, a multidisciplinary approach to their treatment, including appropriate nutrition therapy, is warranted. Currently, limited data exist on the optimal timing, type, and amount of nutrition to be provided. This review focuses on describing the current nutrition practices in patients receiving ECMO, details research that is currently being undertaken, and lists important research questions that require exploration in this field. Observational data suggest that early enteral nutrition is safe and that although nutrition targets can be met, underfeeding is still common. Until further research is available, these patients should be fed according to guidelines for the general critically unwell population.