bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk Stratification Study of Ultrasound Images of Thyroid Nodules Based on Improved DETR
Authors: Le Zhang , Liang Yue , Hu Xiaokang , Qiu Taorong , Xu Pan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C‐TIRADS) standard is based on the Chinese current medical context. However, at present, there is a lack of C‐TIRADS‐based automatic computer‐aided diagnosis system for thyroid nodule ultrasound images, and the existing algorithms for detecting and recognizing thyroid nodules are basically for the dichotomous classification of benign and malignant. We used the DETR (detection transformer) model as a baseline model and carried out model enhancements to address the shortcomings of unsatisfactory classification accuracy and difficulty in detecting small thyroid nodules in the DETR model. First, to investigate the method of acquiring multi‐scale features of thyroid nodule ultrasound images, we choose TResNet‐L as the feature extraction network and introduce multi‐scale feature information and group convolution, thereby enhancing the model's multi‐label classification accuracy. Second, a parallel decoder architecture for multi‐label thyroid nodule ultrasound image classification is designed to enhance the learning of correlation between pathological feature class labels, aiming to improve the multi‐label classification accuracy of the detection model. Third, the loss function of the detection model is improved. We propose a linear combination of Smooth L1‐Loss and CIoU Loss as the model's bounding box loss function and asymmetric loss as the model's multi‐label classification loss function, aiming to further improve the detection model's detection accuracy for small thyroid nodules. The experiment results show that the improved DETR model achieves an AP of 92.4% and 81.6% with IoU thresholds of 0.5 and 0.75, respectively.
How Metacognitions Contribute to Compulsive Online Shopping: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Fioravanti Giulia , Spada Marcantonio M. , Bocci Benucci Sara , Casale Silvia , Gori Alessio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesCompulsive Online Shopping (COS) is considered a technological addiction, characterized by excessive engagement in online shopping behaviors that can cause economic, social, and emotional impairments in an individual's life. Among the theoretical models aimed at conceptualizing addictive behaviors, the metacognitive model has gained increased attention. However, no previous study has investigated the role of metacognitions in COS. The current study was aimed at clarifying the contribution of metacognitions about online shopping as potential mediating variables in the relationship between some well‐established psychological correlates (i.e., boredom proneness, impulsivity, materialism, negative affect) and COS.MethodsA sample of 254 participants (mean age = 34.79 ± 11.45; Females = 84.3%) was recruited using convenience sampling.ResultsThe hypothesized model produced a good fit to the data and accounted for 48% of COS variance. All the correlates (i.e., boredom proneness, impulsivity, materialism, and negative affect) were significantly and positively associated with Positive Metacognitions About Emotional And Cognitive Regulation, which in turn predicted COS. Boredom proneness and impulsivity were also positively associated with Negative Metacognitions About Uncontrollability And Cognitive Harm of online shopping, which in turn predicted COS. All the indirect effects were significant.ConclusionsThe present findings add to the argument that the metacognitive model of addictive behaviors may applied to the understanding of COS and open the possibility of applying metacognitive techniques to the treatment of COS.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at R. J. Cook Agronomy Farm
Authors: Huggins David R. , Phillips Claire L. , Carlson Bryan R. , Casanova Joaquin J. , Heineck Garett C. , Bean Alycia R. , Brooks Erin S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDryland agriculture in the Inland Pacific Northwest is challenged in part by rising input costs for seed, fertilizer, and agrichemicals; threats to water quality and soil health, including soil erosion, organic matter decline, acidification, compaction, and nutrient imbalances; lack of cropping system diversity; herbicide resistance; and air quality concerns from atmospheric emissions of particulate matter and greenhouse gases. Technological advances such as rapid data acquisition, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and robotics have helped fuel innovation and discovery but have also further complicated agricultural decision‐making and research. Meeting these challenges has promoted interest in (1) supporting long‐term research that enables assessment of ecosystem service trade‐offs and advances sustainable and regenerative approaches to agriculture, and (2) developing coproduction research approaches that actively engage decision‐makers and accelerate innovation. The R. J. Cook Agronomy Farm (CAF) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site established a cropping systems experiment in 2017 that contrasts prevailing (PRV) and alternative (ALT) practices at field scales over a proposed 30‐year time frame. The experimental site is on the Washington State University CAF near Pullman, WA. Cropping practices include a wheat‐based cropping system with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus, variety napus), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and winter pea (Pisum sativum), with winter wheat produced every third year under the ALT practices of continuous no‐tillage and precision applied N, compared to the PRV practice of reduced tillage (RT) and uniformly applied agrichemicals. Biophysical measurements are made at georeferenced locations that capture field‐scale spatial variability at temporal intervals that follow approved methods for each agronomic and environmental metric. Research to date is assessing spatial and temporal variations in cropping system performance (e.g., crop yield, soil health, and water and air quality) for ALT versus PRV and associated tradeoffs. Future research will explore a coproduction approach with the intent of advancing discovery, innovation, and impact through collaborative stakeholder‐researcher partnerships that direct and implement research priorities.
Conservation of the Polyamines Pathway in Ustilaginomycetes A Genomic and Experimental Approach
Authors: Martínez‐Soto Domingo , Hernández‐Rojas Albo J. , Valdés‐Santiago Laura , García‐Ortega Luis F. , Ramírez‐Martínez Adriana , Trujillo‐Esquivel Elías , Pérez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Ortiz‐Castellanos Lucila , León‐Ramírez Claudia G. , Esquivel‐Naranjo Edgardo Ulises , Ruiz‐Herrera José , Cervantes‐Chávez José Antonio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPolyamines are organic and aliphatic molecules essential for the growth, development, and survival of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In fungi, polyamines play a crucial role in cellular differentiation and pathogenesis. Since fungi and animals are closely related evolutionarily, and fungi can be easily genetically manipulated in the lab, they serve as excellent models for studying polyamine metabolism and the molecular mechanisms controlled by these biomolecules. Although the metabolism of polyamines has been extensively studied in model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis, the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in other Ustilaginomycetes, a class of fungi that includes phytopathogens, saprophytes, mutualists, and mycorrhizae, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using a genomic and bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Ustilaginomycetes. Additionally, we confirmed the functional conservation of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), which is involved in the synthesis of putrescine, one of the most important polyamines in fungi and complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms, using genetics and molecular biology tools. Moreover, we identified the differentially regulated genes by this polyamine in U. maydis. This research provides insights into the similarities and differences in the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in fungi, and it expands our understanding of the role of polyamines and the mechanisms regulated by these molecules in eukaryotes.
Active Surveillance for Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid—Tumor Growth Rate, Potential Malignancy, and Surgical Sequalae
Authors: Levyn Helena , Subramanian Tejas , Eagan Alana , Scholfield Daniel W. , Lopez Joseph , Katabi Nora , Wong Richard J. , Shah Jatin P. , Givi Babak , Morris Luc G. T. , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe outcomes of active surveillance (AS) for pleomorphic adenomas (PA) as an alternative to upfront parotidectomy have not been previously documented in the literature. This cohort study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of AS for parotid gland PA.MethodsAll patients with of previously untreated PA managed between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients who underwent AS for a minimum of 1 year from the initial consultation were identified. Patient demographics, the reason for AS, tumor growth rate, indication for surgery in those patients eventually operated, final pathology, and surgical sequelae were analyzed.ResultsDuring the study period, 610 patients with primary PA were treated in our institution. Of whom, 14 (2.3%) underwent AS for a period between 1 and 10 years with a median of 3.73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.3–4.9). Patient comorbidities were the most common reason for opting for AS (n = 6, 43%), followed by patients' preference to delay surgery (n = 4, 29%) and older age (n = 2, 14%). The median growth rate was 0.58 mm/year (IQR 0.04, 3.8, range −5.01 to 4.98 mm/year). In patients who eventually underwent parotidectomy (n = 10, 71.4%), the most common reason for intervention was tumor growth (8/10, 80%). Two patients had postsurgical mild transient facial nerve paresis with full recovery, and no carcinomas were discovered on final pathology.ConclusionIn this selected cohort of patients with PA, the tumor growth rate was lower than traditionally believed. Patients who eventually underwent surgery did not suffer from serious complications and there was no evidence of clinical or pathological malignancy.
Infinitely many low‐ and high‐energy solutions for double‐phase problems with variable exponent
Authors: Lian Chun‐Bo , Cao Qing‐Hai , Ge Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the study of double‐phase problems with variable exponent. Using the Clark's theorem and the symmetric mountain pass lemma, we prove the existence of infinitely many small solutions and infinitely many large solutions, respectively.
Multi‐bump solutions for the nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Jun , Yin Zhaoyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the following nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
where the magnetic potential , is a parameter and the nonnegative continuous function has the deepening potential well. Using the variational methods, we obtain that the equation has at least multi‐bump solutions when is large enough.
Overcoming the Challenge of “Green Enough”: Exploring the Dark Side of Incremental Green Options
Authors: Zhong Ke , Yan Zhirui , Sun Hongjie , Huang Rong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious research has predominantly focused on transitioning individuals’ behavior from environmentally unfriendly to environmentally friendly, ignoring the challenge of how to replace incremental green options with the most green ones. Contrary to the widely held belief that all “green” options are beneficial, this study investigates when and how incremental green options— options offering some environmental benefits but not fully pro‐environmental—can reduce individuals’ willingness to choose the most green option. We discovered that individuals tend to forgo the most green options when incremental green options are available (Study 1, Study 2 & Study 3). Furthermore, by informing participants about the adequacy of different levels of environmental friendliness, we found that the options just surpassing the designated threshold were the most popular (Study 2). Additionally, the anticipated guilt mediates the negative effect of incremental green options (Study 2, Study 3, and Study 4). Study 3 reveals that when individual environmental efficacy is activated, the negative impact of presence of incremental green options on consumer choice of the most green ones is mitigated. Study 4 finds that more consumers chose the most green option over the incremental green option when the latter was presented with negative framing or two‐sided framing (compared to positive framing). This study offers a new perspective on pro‐environmental behavior research and enhance our understanding of the role of incremental green options in green marketing.
A Novel Splice Site Variant in COL6A1 Causes Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy in a Consanguineous Malian Family
Authors: Maiga Alassane Baneye , Pamanta Ibrahim , Bamba Salia , Cissé Lassana , Diarra Salimata , Touré Sidi , Yalcouyé Abdoulaye , Diallo Seydou , Diallo Salimata , Kané Fousseyni , Diallo Seybou Hassane , Ba Hamidou Oumar , Guinto Cheick Oumar , Fischbeck Kenneth , Landoure Guida , Cissé Idrissa Ahmadou ,   The H3Africa Consortium
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCongenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are diverse early‐onset conditions affecting skeletal muscle and connective tissue. This group includes collagen VI‐related dystrophies such as Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy (BM), caused by mutations in the COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes. We report a consanguineous Malian family with three siblings affected by UCMD due to a novel homozygous splice site variant in the COL6A1 gene.MethodsAfter obtaining consent, three affected siblings and their relatives underwent physical examinations by specialists and laboratory tests where possible. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood for genetic testing, including Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Putative variants were confirmed through Sanger Sequencing and assessed for pathogenicity using in silico tools.ResultsThe three siblings and their healthy parents, from a consanguineous marriage, presented with early‐onset progressive muscle weakness, walking difficulty, proximal motor deficits, severe muscle atrophy, hypotonia, skeletal deformities, joint hyperlaxity, ankyloses at the elbows and knees, keloid scars and dental crowding. No cardiac involvement was detected and creatine kinase (CK) levels were normal. All had low serum calcium levels, treated with oral supplements. Needle myography indicated myopathic patterns. WES identified a novel splice site variant in the first intron of COL6A1 (c.98‐1G>C), which segregated with the disease within the family. This variant is predicted to cause exon 2 skipping in COL6A1, with a high CADD score of 33 and Splice AI predicting it as deleterious.ConclusionWe identified a novel COL6A1 variant in a consanguineous family, highlighting the need for further studies in larger African cohorts to enhance genetic epidemiology and prepare for future therapeutic research.
Grape‐Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Modulates Diurnal Rhythms of Hepatic Metabolic Genes and Metabolites, and Reduces Lipid Deposition in Cafeteria‐Fed Rats in a Time‐of‐Day‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Rodríguez Romina M. , de Assis Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro , Calvo Enrique , Colom‐Pellicer Marina , Quesada‐Vázquez Sergio , Cruz‐Carrión Álvaro , Escoté Xavier , Oster Henrik , Aragonès Gerard , Mulero Miquel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractScopeMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. Polyphenols, such as grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), are bioactive compounds present in plants and represent an interesting therapeutical approach for MASLD.Methods and resultsThis study questioned whether the timing of GSPE administration impacts liver diurnal metabolism and steatosis in a rat obesity model. Results from hepatic lipid profiling and diurnal metabolic gene expression and metabolomics reveal that rats fed with a cafeteria (CAF) diet show impaired glucose homeostasis and enhanced lipogenesis in the liver, contributing to liver steatosis. Chronic consumption of GSPE in the inactive or active phase is associated with beneficial effects as the restoration of rhythms of transcripts and metabolites is observed. However, only when given in the active phase, GSPE treatment decreases hepatic triglyceride levels. Using an in vitro hepatocyte model, the study identifies that catechin, one of the main phenolic compounds found in the GSPE extract, is a potential mediator in ameliorating the effects of CAF‐induced liver steatosis.ConclusionTaken altogether, the findings show that the beneficial effects of GSPE on MASLD development depend on the treatment time.
A self‐packaged multilayer all‐metal integrated suspended slotline dual‐band filter
Authors: Wu Yi , Ma Kaixue , Yin Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel implementation technology for realizing dual‐band bandpass filtering responses using high‐ slotline resonators with self‐packaged multilayer configuration. The concept of a 3D slotline is introduced, which utilizes the innovative metal‐integrated suspended line (MISL) technology. This technology utilizes an all‐metal structure, effectively eliminating dielectric loss. Furthermore, the implementation of an encapsulated structure significantly reduces radiation loss in the slotlines. Thus, the factors are greatly improved. Based on MISL, a dual‐band bandpass filter with wideband responses and multiple transmission zeros was designed, fabricated, and tested based on 3D cascaded‐mode half‐wavelength resonators. The test results demonstrated a high level of consistency with the simulation results, confirming the high‐ characteristics of the proposed 3D slotlines.
Prediction Value of Bladder Deformity Index for Upper Urinary Tract Damage in Patients With Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Chang Ran , Liao Limin , Jing Huafang , Gao Yi , Zhang Siyu , Wang Yue , Wu Juan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to assess the predictive value of the Bladder Deformity Index (BDI) in determining upper urinary tract (UUT) damage among patients with neurogenic bladder (NB).MethodsClinical data of 132 NB patients admitted to the China Rehabilitation Research Center between January 2018 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into UUT damage and normal UUT function groups based on the MRU and ultrasound grading systems for hydronephrosis, patients with the grade greater than or equal to I degree were considered to have UUTD. Patient demographics, biochemical parameters, and video‐urodynamics (VUDS) findings were collected, and BDI was calculated. Independent sample t tests were employed to compare general characteristics and VUDS parameters between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive capability of UUT damage.ResultsThe study comprised 132 patients (86 males and 46 females) with an average NB duration of 7.37 ± 9.37 years (range: 0.2–44 years). UUT damage was present in 40.91% (n = 54) of patients. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the UUT damage and normal groups in terms of the duration of LUTS (9.98 ± 10.52 vs. 4.83 ± 7.32 years), creatinine levels (135.58 ± 110.51 vs. 57.66 ± 12.26 μmol/L), and BDI (103.28 ± 71.6 vs. 19.23 ± 15.03%). No significant differences were noted in age, bladder volume, or residual urine between the groups (p > 0.05). The AUC for the duration of LUTS, creatinine, and BDI were 0.691, 0.786, and 0.908, respectively, with a BDI Yoden index of 77%.ConclusionLong‐term LUTS, elevated creatinine levels, and high BDI are associated with UUT damage. BDI demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing UUT damage, outperforming creatinine levels and NB duration. Patients with BDI values exceeding 77% are at a heightened risk of UUT damage. BDI facilitates quantitative evaluation of cystography and preliminary evaluation upper and lower urinary tract function in NB patients. Further research is warranted to validate BDI's feasibility in quantifying cystography and diagnosing UUT damage.Trial Registration: This study is retrospective and does not require clinical trial registration.
Can We Better Understand, Diagnose, and Treat Ketamine‐Induced Uropathy, and Can It Be Reversed? ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Hervé François , Aronsson Patrik , Ochoa D. Carolina , Van Koeveringe Gommert , Mosiello Giovanni , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Bou Kheir George , Wyndaele Michel , Abrams Paul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionKetamine, a versatile anesthetic, has seen increased recreational use, leading to significant health issues, including ketamine‐induced uropathy (KIU). KIU manifests with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and can involve the upper urinary tract. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of KIU, addressing its pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options; and to define/identify future research priorities.MethodsDuring the 2024 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) in Bristol, a dedicated Proposal (P) convened to explore KIU. This initiative involved a thorough review of existing literature, expert presentations, and consensus‐driven discussions. The methodology ensured a comprehensive exploration of KIU from both clinical and pre‐clinical perspectives, leading to actionable research recommendations.ResultsUnderstanding the mechanisms of KIU is crucial for developing effective treatment options targeting specific pathophysiological pathways. Key findings include bladder fibrosis driven by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), elevated purinergic responses and upregulated P2X1 purinoceptor expression, decreased barrier function due to increased expression of antiproliferative factor (APF), and functional loss of the bladder through Cav1.2 channel blockade. Research indicates that fibrosis, typically considered irreversible, may be mitigated. However, the exact timing and extent of fibrosis initiation and its impact on long‐term outcomes require further research. LUTS typically improve after ketamine cessation but relapse upon resumption, indicating a hypersensitivity mechanism involving elevated serum IgE levels. Advanced stages of KIU do not always correlate with LUTS severity, shedding light on potential systemic effects and the need for evaluating liver enzymes. Furthermore, psychological dependency on ketamine, due to its positive perceptive and mood‐altering effects, complicates cessation efforts. Long‐term management requires a holistic approach, integrating medical treatments and supportive measures to help patients navigate life with potentially irreversible complications.ConclusionThis comprehensive review spans from fundamental pathology to practical clinical management, addressing both urological and systemic complications, and bridging insights from animal models to human applications. Developing effective treatment strategies necessitates addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of ketamine dependency.