bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy
Authors: Egan David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Superficially, Wittgenstein and Heidegger seem worlds apart: they worked in different philosophical traditions, were mostly ignorant of one another’s work, and Wittgenstein’s terse aphorisms in plain language could not be farther stylistically from Heidegger’s difficult prose. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations and Heidegger’s Being and Time share a number of striking parallels. In particular, this book argues that both authors manifest a similar concern with authenticity. The argument develops in three stages. Part One explores the emphasis both philosophers place on the everyday, and how this emphasis brings with it a methodological focus on recovering what we already know rather than advancing novel theses. Part Two argues that the dynamic of authenticity and inauthenticity in Being and Time finds homologies in Philosophical Investigations. In particular, the book articulates and defends a conception of authenticity in Wittgenstein that emphasizes the responsiveness and reciprocity of play. Part Three considers how both philosophers’ conceptions of authenticity apply reflexively to their own work: both are concerned not only with the question of what it means to exist authentically but also with the question of what it means to do philosophy authentically. For both authors, the problematic of authenticity is intimately linked to the question of philosophical method.
The Normative and the Evaluative
Authors: Cosker-Rowland Rach 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many have been attracted to the idea that for something to be good is just for there to be reasons to favour it. This view has come to be known as the buck-passing account of value. According to the buck-passing account, for pleasure to be good is just for there to be reasons for us to desire and pursue it. And for liberty and equality to be values is just for there to be reasons for us to promote and preserve them. There has been extensive discussion of some of the problems that the buck-passing account faces such as the wrong kind of reason problem. But there has been little discussion of why we should accept the buck-passing account or what the theoretical pay-offs and other implications of accepting it are. This book provides the first comprehensive motivation and defence of the buck-passing account of value. It argues that the buck-passing account explains several important features of the relationship between reasons and value, as well as the relationship between the different varieties of value, in a way that its competitors do not. It argues that alternatives to the buck-passing account are inconsistent with important views in normative ethics, are uninformative, and are at odds with the way in which we should see practical and epistemic normativity as related. And it extends the buck-passing account to provide an account of moral properties as well as all other normative and deontic properties, such as fittingness and ought, in terms of reasons.
The Value-First Account and First-Order Neutrality
Authors: Cosker-Rowland Rach 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Value-First Account (VFA) analyses reasons for pro-attitudes in terms of value. G. E. Moore, amongst others, held VFA. This chapter first motivates and defends a neutrality requirement according to which we have reason to reject views about what it is to have a certain property or to fall under a certain concept that entail the falsity of substantial, widely held, and somewhat plausible first-order views in normative ethics. Two versions of VFA conflict with this neutrality requirement. One version holds that reasons to have pro-attitudes towards something are just valuable features of that thing. This chapter argues that this view conflicts with an important kind of deontology. Another version of VFA analyses reasons for pro-attitudes in terms of the goodness of having those attitudes. The chapter argues that this view conflicts with many views about what things are of value. This chapter then argues that all other versions of VFA fail to provide genuine and non-circular accounts of reasons for pro-attitudes.
Not Sufficiently Neutral?
Authors: Cosker-Rowland Rach 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Jonathan Dancy, Ulrike Heuer, Jonas Olson, and others have argued that there is reason to reject the buck-passing account of value (BPA) because of its implications for first-order normative ethics. Dancy argues that BPA is inconsistent with certain deontological views. Olson argues that BPA is inconsistent with an attractive way of distinguishing between consequentialism and deontology. Heuer argues that it begs the question against Williams’s internalism about reasons. This chapter argues that Dancy, Olson, and Heuer are mistaken. Others claim that certain versions of BPA are inconsistent with a consequentialist view about the reasons for pro-attitudes there are. This chapter argues that even global consequentialism should not involve a consequentialist view about the reasons for pro-attitudes that there are and because of this it is not a problem for BPA that it is inconsistent with a consequentialist view of the reasons for pro-attitudes that there are.
‘The Right Scale of that Balance’
Authors: O'Neill Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines the unique role that Spenser and Milton played in influencing Shelley’s development as a poet. Shelley responds to, builds upon, and at times revises the artistic achievements of Spenser and Milton to create his own notion of art. The chapter explores Spenser’s capacity for contradiction and identifies the ways in which The Faerie Queen and other Spenserian works have an affinity with Shelley’s interest in the interplay between opposing ideas or forces. This examination of Shelley’s receptive and reformative relationship with Spencer traces the ways in which Shelley borrows—sometimes directly and sometimes in a modified fashion—the Spenserian stanza, exploiting its intricate poetic form and its capacity for variance. It shows that Spenser’s belief is not completely rejected by Shelley, but rather modified or revised: Spenser’s ‘Heavenlie’ beauty becomes Shelley’s ‘Intellectual’ beauty, for example. The second half of the chapter explores Shelley’s inheritance from and revision of Milton, how Shelley uses echo and allusion to recreate Miltonic effects, and how he gives those deliberately Miltonic effects his own uniquely Shelleyan inflection. It outlines how Shelley is attuned to Milton’s capacity for ambiguity of perspective in Paradise Lost and how Shelley imbues characters, such as Demogorgon in Prometheus Unbound, with ambiguity. It also brings out Shelley’s use of forms he inherits from Milton, such as the way in which he employs tragedy to challenge moral values. This discussion is related to the larger question of the manner in which Shelley explores and revitalizes literary genres often associated with Spenser and Milton, such as the lyrical drama and narrative poetry.
‘A Double Face of False and True’
Authors: O'Neill Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 traces the movements of Shelley’s ideas and attitudes toward religion throughout his life and writings. It views Shelley as a far more nuanced religious thinker than is often implied by critics. It identifies the ambivalence with which Shelley, a self-styled atheist, approaches religious belief—especially Christian modes of belief—and the ways in which Shelley wrestles with and subverts the boundaries between the secular and the religious. The chapter examines how Shelley’s imagination adapts the language of religious belief in order to articulate poetic vision and experience. It traces many of Shelley’s allusions to the Bible and identifies the ways in which Shelley ‘incessantly reorchestrate[s]’ Biblical language in his works. It identifies the treatment of religion in other Romantic poets, such as Wordsworth and Blake, and shows how Shelley’s poetry departs from their approaches to religion. The chapter also probes a recurring idea in Shelley’s poetry and writings that there is some power or spirit that affects human souls, that originates within or, just possibly, beyond humanity, and has characteristics that influence and are influenced by poets. For Shelley, poetry is religion and poets are prophets and seekers of truth. The chapter also discusses Shelley’s religious prose and the ways in which his writings about God, belief, and religion ‘[reveal] a double rhythm’ in which Shelley ranges from scientific examination to ‘eruptions of latent feeling’. The chapter concludes with a study of Shelley’s final poem, the unfinished Triumph of Life, showing that throughout the poem there ghosts a ‘Christian belief-system that is never wholly abandoned or forgotten’.
Narrative and Play
Authors: O'Neill Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
‘Narrative and Play’ continues to evaluate Byron and Shelley’s relationship with an eye to discussing how both poets employ narrative form in ways that create allow a constant cycle of renewal. The chapter examines how both poets explore the justification of art as well as the limits of art. It identifies the deftness with which Byron, in his narrative poems, ‘enthrals and challenges the reader’ by creating characters and circumstances that challenge ethical clarity. His characters are divided against themselves; they often act by reacting rather than drive the narration with a sense of purpose. Shelley’s narrative poem, however, offers ‘something close to virtuosic poetic display’. For all the Romantic emphasis on the ideal, both poets also recognize and place value on what is real. They seek for truth through the imagination, and this chapter examines how each poet does so. The chapter also traces each poet’s capacity for balancing and blending contraries. It includes examination of poetic form in both poems, in this case ottava rima, and the ways in which both poets employ the Italian form. The chapter concludes with a final summing-up of the differing ways in which Shelley and Byron employ narrative form. Byron takes advantage of the infinite possibility in self-multiplying tales and of digression and narratorial presence. Shelley focuses less on the story itself, and more on the compulsion to create stories, which reflects, ultimately, the compulsion to create. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of Byron and Shelley’s poetic works and experiments in narrative form as precursors to postmodernist experimentation.
‘The End and Aim of Poesy’
Authors: O'Neill Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 10 reads the dialogue between Shelley and Keats in terms of the two poets’ ideas concerning the role of poetry in culture and in the imagination. It reconsiders the received perception of the two poets’ relationship—that Keats was not as interested in a poetic friendship as Shelley—and points out that the two had a friendly rivalry. The chapter points out the fact that Shelley is underappreciated for his ability to recognize, appreciate, and encourage in his contemporaries, Keats in particular, not only their poetic achievement, but also their poetic potential and the potential of their poetic works. The chapter examines their exchange of letters in 1820 and notes that the views each poet had of the other have set the tone and pattern by which the other poet would be viewed and criticized by their successors. The chapter addresses the subject of death in both poets’ works, and it addresses the fact that both poets were heavily influenced by Wordsworth, tracing the older Romantic poet’s echoes in their works. It identifies two seemingly insignificant words from Keats’s letter to Shelley from 16 August 1820, ‘spot’ and ‘remain’, and how Shelley revisits both words and expands their poetic significance in Adonais. The chapter argues that ‘Shelleyan metaphysics and Keatsian physics reach out to their opposite’. Shelley, too, influenced Keats, and the chapter identifies how Keats’s consideration of beauty shifts after encountering Shelley’s ‘Hymn to Intellectual Beauty’. Finally, the chapter traces how both poets assert that ‘great poetry endures’ and how their works have found their place, their own ‘spot’, in the history of canonical works that endure.
‘Stars Caught in My Branches’
Authors: O'Neill Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 17 considers Shelley as a predecessor who, paradoxically, taught Swinburne how to go beyond being ‘A sort of pseudo-Shelley’ (Matthew Arnold). Swinburne becomes his own kind of iconoclastic poet by starting from Shelleyan examples. The chapter reveals the intricacy with which Swinburne adapts and inherits Shelley’s poetic thought. It explores Swinburne’s response to Shelley through readings of paired poems across a range of literary kinds: lyric, remodellings of classical drama, elegy, and extended metapoetic rhapsodies-cum-meditations. As Shelley does, Swinburne explores myth while revealing the eternal energies of desire and dread that draws the poet towards it. Reading ‘To a Seamew’ (for example) as a saddened and lyrical reworking of Shelley’s ‘To a Skylark’, this chapter attunes itself to Swinburne’s adaptations and insistent individuating of Shelley’s Romantic music. Again it contends, in relation to the view that Shelley’s work bravely seeks to face up and face down the forces pitted against affirmation, that Swinburne’s Atalanta in Calydon shows extreme sensitivity to this Shelleyan dialectic. Overall the chapter argues that Swinburne’s counter-Shelleyan achievement is to fuse a poem’s becomings with its essential being.
At the Edge of Reformation
Authors: Linehan Peter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This book springs from its author’s continuing interest in the history of Spain and Portugal—on this occasion in the first half of the fourteenth century between the recovery of each kingdom from widespread anarchy and civil war and the onset of the Black Death. Focussing on ecclesiastical aspects of the period in that region (Galicia in particular) and secular attitudes to the privatization of the Church, it raises inter alios the question why developments there did not lead to a permanent sundering of the relationship with Rome (or Avignon) two centuries ahead of that outcome elsewhere in the West. In addressing such issues, as well as of neglected material in Spanish and Portuguese archives, use is made of the also unpublished so-called ‘secret’ registers of the popes of the period. The issues it raises concern not only Spanish and Portuguese society in general but also the developing relationship further afield of the components of the eternal quadrilateral (pope, king, episcopate, and secular nobility) in late medieval Europe, as well as of the activity in that period of those caterpillars of the commonwealth, the secular-minded sapientes. In this context, attention is given to the hitherto neglected attempt of Afonso IV of Portugal to appropriate the privileges of the primatial church of his kingdom and to advance the glorification of his Castilian son-in-law, Alfonso XI, as God’s vicegerent in his.
Democracy and Political Culture
Authors: McKibbin Ross 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This book is an examination of Britain as a democratic society; what it means to describe it as such; and how we can attempt such an examination. The book does this via a number of ‘case-studies’ which approach the subject in different ways: J.M. Keynes and his analysis of British social structures; the political career of Harold Nicolson and his understanding of democratic politics; the novels of A.J. Cronin, especially The Citadel, and what they tell us about the definition of democracy in the interwar years. The book also investigates the evolution of the British party political system until the present day and attempts to suggest why it has become so apparently unstable. There are also two chapters on sport as representative of the British social system as a whole as well as the ways in which the British influenced the sporting systems of other countries. The book has a marked comparative theme, including one chapter which compares British and Australian political cultures and which shows British democracy in a somewhat different light from the one usually shone on it. The concluding chapter brings together the overall argument.
Investigating Immigration and the Sustainability of the Norwegian Welfare State
Authors: Brochmann Grete 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter deals with a specific part of research-based policy-making in the Norwegian context—the institution of Norwegian Official Commissions (Norges Offentlige Utredninger—NOU). This institution, which is a significant element of the consensual Norwegian governance, has since the 1970s increasingly been dominated by academics. The NOU tradition, with its high legitimacy within the polity, thus serves as a bridge between research and policy-making. The chapter uses two Commissions on the relationship between international migration and the sustainability of the national welfare model as cases, the first one with an emphasis on labour immigration, the second one on refugees. The chapter describes and discusses the political context in which they were commissioned as well as how they have impacted on public discussion and concrete reform processes in the aftermath. The two commissions can serve as examples of how research can contribute constructively in relation to policy-making on a particularly contentious issue.
Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries
Authors: Moore Sean D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Early American libraries stood at the nexus of two transatlantic branches of commerce—the book trade and the slave trade. Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries bridges the study of these trades by demonstrating how Americans’ profits from slavery were reinvested in imported British books and providing evidence that the colonial book market was shaped, in part, by the demand of slave owners for metropolitan cultural capital. It makes these claims on the basis of recent scholarship on how participation in London cultural life was very expensive in the eighteenth century, and evidence that enslavers were therefore some of the few early Americans who could afford importing British cultural products. In doing so, this work merges the fields of the history of the book, Atlantic studies, and the study of race, arguing that the empire-wide circulation of British books was underwritten by the labor of the African diaspora. This book, accordingly, is the first in early American and eighteenth-century British studies to fuse our growing understanding of the material culture of the transatlantic text with our awareness of slavery as an economic and philanthropic basis for the production and consumption of knowledge. In studying the American dissemination of works of British literature and political thought, this book claims that Americans were seeking out the forms of citizenship, constitutional traditions, and rights that were the signature of that British identity. Even though they were purchasing the sovereignty of Anglo-Americans at the expense of African-Americans through these books, however, some colonials were also making the case for the abolition of slavery.
The Netherlands—zorg in de gemeenschap
Authors: Britnell Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Dutch healthcare system is considered by many to be one of the finest in the world because of its pioneering provision and decent level of funding. ‘Zorg in de gemeenschap’ or ‘care in the community’ is a both a distinguishing and defining feature of the Dutch cure and care system. The Dutch spend around 3.7% of their GDP on long-term care, the highest in the OECD, and offer many examples of innovation in caring for older people in the community and at home. Nearly 13% of the population aged over 65 receive care at home, compared with just 4.9% across the OECD. In this chapter, Mark Britnell looks at the Dutch healthcare system; its structure, funding, future, and much else. He points out that a strength of the Dutch healthcare system is the emphasis placed on well-resourced primary care, and looks at how it affects general care.
Germany—happy families?
Authors: Britnell Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Until recently Germany was in the enviable position of having too many doctors rather than too few. Understandably, many Germans are proud of their health system and created the first social insurance funds in the world. Since 1883, life expectancy in Germany has increased from 41 to today’s 81. Indeed, Germany is projected to have the second highest proportion (23%) by 2021 of citizens aged over 65 and is about to reach a national milestone of having more people aged 60 and over than under 30. In this chapter, Mark Britnell looks at how this demographic pressure is forcing radical experimentation, with the government paying families to care for their elderly. He argues that it will prove to be a test bed for other countries and is worth watching carefully.
Universal healthcare in our lifetime? All teach, all learn
Authors: Britnell Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals of achieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030 have energized many governments to devise bold strategies and make big investments in their health systems. The global movement around UHC has gathered momentum at blistering speed. Within a few years it has transformed the focus of healthcare in low- and middle-income countries from a few diseases to a comprehensive vision of affordable, accessible, and acceptable care for all. In this chapter, Mark Britnell looks at how Philippines, Vietnam, Kenya, India, Indonesia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nigeria, South Africa, Cyprus, islands across the Caribbean, and many others have announced significant UHC reforms since the development goals were passed in 2014, and UHC has been a headline issue in a number of national elections. He analyses UHC across the world, and looks to at the future of healthcare globally.
The 2002–2004 Annan Plan in Cyprus
Authors: Loizides Neophytos , McGarry John 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the 2002–04 Annan Plan for Cyprus, considered one of the most comprehensive peace plans in the history of the United Nations. The Annan Plan was conceived in an effort to secure agreement on a reunited federal Cyprus within the European Union. However, it was rejected during the two April 2004 referendums by the overwhelming majority (76 percent) of Greek Cypriots, although it was endorsed by 65 percent of Turkish Cypriots. The Annan Plan is significant for the wider empirical and conceptual issues it raises with regard to constitutional transitions and externally mediated peace agreements. The chapter first provides a background on the Cyprus conflict before discussing the constitutional negotiations around the Annan Plan and its unintended outcomes. It also highlights the broader lessons imparted by the process, pointing in particular to the Annan Plan’s provisions on power-sharing, sovereignty, security, and human rights.