bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Minimally Invasive 1-Hour Esophageal String Test Monitors Therapeutic Changes in Mucosal Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Ackerman Steven J. , Kagalwalla Amir F. , Pan Zhaoxing , Wechsler Joshua , Keeley Kaitlin , Gonsalves Nirmala , Hirano Ikuo , Zalewski Angelika , Menard-Katcher Paul , Menard-Katcher Calies , Gupta Sandeep K. , Chauhan Nikhil , Grozdanovic Milica , Atkins Dan , Nguyen Nathalie , Furuta Glenn T. 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopy, standard-of-care for monitoring eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), assesses mucosal inflammation. The Esophageal String Test (EST), a minimally invasive swallowed capsule and immunoassays, quantifies EoE inflammation. We determined whether the EST/EoEScore can monitor disease in patients undergoing treatment.

METHODS:
Thirty-three samples from 14 patients with EoE (7 children, 7 adults) who underwent repeat endoscopies and ESTs were studied. Biopsies were analyzed for peak eosinophil counts; ESTs were analyzed for EoEScores.

RESULTS:
Eosinophil counts and EoEScores significantly correlated during treatment, distinguishing patients with active EoE from treatment-associated remissions for 93.9% of ESTs performed.

DISCUSSION:
The EST can be used to longitudinally monitor responses to treatment in EoE.
The Social Contract in Epicureanism
Authors: Asmis Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Epicurus held that justice came into being when individuals made compacts with one another to secure the benefit that comes from not harming one another. He also distinguished just laws from those that are not just; and he recognized a virtue of justice. This much is well supported by our evidence. There is also much that is controversial. At the very basis, there is disagreement on his conception of justice. There are also basic questions on how compacts are related to the justice of laws, as well as to the virtue of justice. Plato and Aristotle severed compacts from virtue; and some modern thinkers consider the justice of institutions prior to that of individuals. What was Epicurus’ position? This paper will sketch an outline of Epicurus’ theory of justice as a path to the goal of a pleasant life. As Phillip Mitsis (1988) suggested, Epicurus sought to harmonize a contractual view of justice with the virtue of justice. My aim is to investigate further the coherence of this endeavor. As I will argue, Epicurus presents a unitary theory of justice, composed of a number of steps that develop out of each other in a consistent way. As a developmental path, it admits of much variation. By tracing its basic features, I seek to show how Epicurus puts individuals in charge of attaining their goal, pleasure.
Aristotle and the Stoics on the Notion of ἐνέργεια
Authors: Nastasi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Stoic theory of movement has never been the object of a deep investigation despite the considerable number of sources in Neoplatonist commentators. This paper explores for the first time the Stoic notion of ἐνέργεια, which plays a fundamental role in the Stoic conception of movement and generally in the characterization of interaction between bodies. I will show that the Stoics identified movement and activity, so that everything that is active is necessarily moved. This implies that the Stoics merely characterized ἐνέργεια in a dynamic or kinetic sense, namely by connecting it with movement. In order to prove the coherence of this philosophical position to the Stoic doctrine, I will display the compatibility of Neoplatonists’ reports with other sources. Accordingly, I will claim that the Stoics conceived this peculiar sense of ἐνέργεια in reaction to Aristotle, who clearly distinguished between ἐνέργεια and κίνησις in his physical theory.
Look Back in Hunger: The Metaphorization of Women as Food in Tim O’Brien’s Tomcat in Love
Authors: Friji Noureddine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drawing on the conceptual metaphor WOMAN IS FOOD, the present article aims to offer a fresh perspective on the representation of predatory conduct in American campus fiction and on the attendant manipulation of the meaning and essence of femininity. More precisely, it investigates how Thomas H. Chippering, the overly and overtly lecherous professor-cum-narrator in Tim O’Brien’s Tomcat in Love (1998), straddling town and gown and armed with the self-bestowed authority to set rules and assign roles, pigeonholes his female students and acquaintances as edible objects and proceeds to edge them towards his plate and palate, as it were. The persistent utilization of culinary images and analogies in the novel underscores the extent to which prejudices and stereotypes are ingrained in language, thought, and action. On the other hand, individual and collective female resistance augurs well for the possibility of warding off unwanted sexual advances and innuendo, weeding out predators, and fostering easy coexistence of the sexes inside and outside academia. Similarly, it is demonstrated that universities’ promptness in addressing and redressing on-campus moral transgressions helps maintain public faith in the value and values of education.
Felt Anticipation: Rhythm, Expectation, and Emotion in Friederike Mayröcker’s Poetic Spoken Atmospheres
Authors: Bermúdez Víctor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the work of the Austrian poet Friederike Mayröcker (1924–2021) with an interdisciplinary approach contextualised within Cognitive Poetics and Cognitive Literary Theory studies. The specific focus of this study is the voice and the meaning produced through the proposed notion of a ‘poetic spoken atmosphere’. The poetic spoken atmosphere is understood here not as the unique property of an audio-text but rather as an intersubjective phenomenon emerging at the intersection of the poetic language and a listener. This notion underlines the importance of voice and its effects in the dynamics of poetry reception in order to investigate sound patterns and meaning-making dynamics, approaching three specific processes – rhythm, expectation, and emotion. The general theoretical frame of this study is based on principles of both phenomenology and cognitive sciences. Likewise, the analysis of Mayröcker’s poems is based on her recordings, available on the Lyrikline platform of the Haus für Poesie Berlin, from which spectrograms were generated to complement the textual and acoustic analysis. The observations of this study address the vocal structures modulating what can be termed an ‘insideness’, which allows to analyze sound attributes such as duration, intensity, ubiquity, and disappearing. Recognising such attributes help us to understand the emotional level of poetic sounds, i. e. the relationship between feeling and meaning in listening, hypothesising that meaning is indeed felt. Finally, the paper offers a comparative perspective that suggests further research on the basis of the paper’s theoretical-analytical methodology, and it provides specific examples from several literary systems.
The Energy Transition and Its Macroeconomic Effects
Authors: Americo Alberto , Johal Jesse , Upper Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The energy transition will have profound and varying effects across the globe. We provide an evidence-based qualitative analysis and assess how clean technologies are evolving – mainly wind, solar and electric vehicles – and the challenges and opportunities the transition poses for fossil fuel and metals and minerals producers in the short and long term. We describe the likely macroeconomic consequences of the energy transition and identify the countries that are most positively and negatively exposed. A small number of fossil fuel-producing countries are likely to be severely hit. Meanwhile, a concentrated group of minerals producers should experience large net benefits. Fuel importers – that is, most of the world – should benefit to varying degrees.
Rhotic metathesis in Gandhari
Authors: Suzuki Yasuko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rhotic metathesis is a characteristic feature of the northwest Middle Indo-Aryan dialect called Gandhari. At the early stage, in the Aśokan rock edicts, rC is eliminated by metathesis with either the preceding vowel or the following consonant, resulting in Cr if not simplified by r-loss. At the later stage of the Khotan Dharmapada and other Gandhari texts, metathesis in the opposite direction, from Cr to rC, is also observed. This paper evaluates contact metathesis in Gandhari by examining parallels in relevant languages and other Indo-European languages, and by scrutinizing the motivations behind the attested metathesis. The developments of r-clusters and syllabic r̥ in the Aśokan rock edicts and the Khotan Dharmapada show that in Gandhari, Cr or, at a later stage, stop-r clusters tend to be more persistent than other types of r-clusters. Different contact metatheses of r in Gandhari are a shift towards more stable sequences-or at least away from unstable sequences- and are thus linguistically plausible, although it has been asserted that some cases of metatheses are merely orthographic.
The fronting of back vowels after *j in Slavonic
Authors: Ōyama Yūsuke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the field of Slavonic historical phonology, it has long been known that many of the Proto-Indo-European back vowels become front after *j in Late Common Slavonic (henceforth LCS). We call this sound change Vowel Fronting. Vowel Fronting plays an important role in the rise of one of the major characteristics of the Slavonic languages, namely, the distinction between hard and soft declensions. However, not all the back vowels become front after *j in LCS, and the exact conditions for the vowel fronting have not been found yet. Here we show that the fronting is a regular sound change. The presence or absence of the etymological syllable-final consonants, which are lost in LCS, plays a decisive role in Vowel Fronting. By assuming that Vowel Fronting occurred before syllable-final consonants are lost, we define Vowel Fronting as a sound law that occurs in the following four environments without any exception: (1) in final closed syllables, (2) in light syllables, (3) between two *j’s, and (4) when the nucleus is *y [ɨ].
On the etymology of Tocharian A śemäl ‘domestic animal’
Authors: Kremmer Véronique M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Tocharian languages show an extensive array of animal names, some of which are still in want of an etymology or even a precise definition. In this paper, I undertake an in‑depth study of the Tocharian A (TA) noun śemäl, which has been translated as ‘goat’, ‘sheep’, or ‘small livestock’. First, I examine every instance of this lexeme within the Tocharian corpus to establish the precise meaning. This study confirms that śemäl refers to domestic animals regardless of their size, as well as animals used in sacrificial rituals. In the second part of the paper, I review previous etymological proposals, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses with respect to phonology, morphology, and semantics. I then propose my own account of the etymology of śemäl as an appurtenance derivative of an abstract derived from the well‑attested Proto‑Indo‑European item *ḱéi̯‑mo‑ ‘(at) home’, also reflected in Germanic (PGmc. *haimaz), Balto‑Slavic (reshaped as an ā‑stem in OCS sěmьja f. ‘family’), and, if the form to be reconstructed is actually *tḱéi̯‑mo‑, also in Indo‑Iranian (Skt. kṣema‑ m./n. ‘secure living’). TA śemäl, derived with the appurtenance suffix *‑lo‑ from an *-i-stem abstract, would have meant ‘belonging to the household’, hence the meaning ‘domestic (animal)’.
‘A man of full-sin’
Authors: Linnemeier Jan-Niklas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is shown that the seemingly random alternation in the position of attributive adjectives in Old Irish can be explained by a system of referent/reference modification as first described by Bolinger (1967). The correspondence is prenominal = reference modification and postnominal = referent modification, not unlike some modern Romance languages. Comparing the Brittonic evidence, the phenomenon is found to be of Insular Celtic age, where it applied to a small class of underived prototypical adjectives.
From oath to prohibition
Authors: Méndez Dosuna Julián Víctor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prohibitive μά (/maː/) stands out as one of the most remarkable features of the poorly documented Thessalian variety of Hestiaeotis (Western Thessaly). The regular outcome μεί (/meː/) (< PrGk *mē), with the characteristic raising of its long vowel, is well documented in the other Thessalian regions, making unexpected μά all the more puzzling. Attempts to explain this deviant outcome in terms of a phonetic development are largely speculative and unsatisfactory in several respects. This sort of anomaly clearly suggests that a solution should be sought outside of the realm of phonology. Hence, in this paper, the substitution of prohibitive μά for μεί in Hestiaeotis is attributed to the analogical influence of the particle μά (/ma/) used in negative oaths.
Celtic in Greek characters and implications for Greek and Celtic phonology
Authors: Eska Joseph F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the use of the characters theta ⟨θ⟩ and khi ⟨χ⟩ in Transalpine Celtic inscriptions engraved in Greek characters. Since /th/ and /kh/, respectively, were not needed for Celtic, it is conventionally presumed that these characters were repurposed in these inscriptions, theta ⟨θ⟩ as the tau Gallicum phoneme and khi ⟨χ⟩ as the allophone [x] of the phoneme /k/ before /t/. It is argued that, in fact, the aspirated voiceless plosives of ancient Greek had become fricatives in southern Transalpine Gaul before the Celts of the region started employing Greek characters to engrave inscriptions in their language, and thus that theta ⟨θ⟩ and khi ⟨χ⟩ in Transalpine Celtic inscriptions were employed with their proximate phonemic values in Greek. We thus can determine a proximate terminus ante quem for the frication of the ancient Greek aspirated voiceless plosives in southern Transalpine Gaul, which leads to the prospect for Transalpine Celtic having contrasted its plosive series not via the Laryngeal feature [voice], but via [spread glottis].
On some cognates of Avestan hakat̰
Authors: Fattori Marco , Michetti Francesca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article deals with a number of Middle and New Iranian words of doubtful etymology for which a derivation from Ir. *hakat ‘together, at once’ is proposed. Its possible reflexes in Western Iranian witness a development towards a conditional or temporal meaning (Parth. ag ‘if’, NP aknūn ‘now’), but remnants of the old meaning ‘together’ can be identified in MP ag(e)nēn ‘together’ and in the Arm. loanword hakaṙak ‘opposite, against’. In Eastern Iranian it seems to have undergone grammaticalization and developed into a preverb (Khot. gga‑) or a preposition (Sogd. ku ‘towards’, Orm. ku- ‘to, on, etc.’, Ishk. kI ‘to, on, for’, Zeb. ka ‘id.’). Especially in this latter group of languages, Ir. *hakat shows an evolution largely comparable to that of *hačā ‘from’, which, according to most scholars, belongs to the same root.
To compound or not to compound?
Authors: Hellwig Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A characteristic trait of Vedic as well as Classical Sanskrit is the use of nominal compounds. Diachronic linguistic studies have observed an increasing use of compounds in Vedic texts. It is also generally accepted that compounds should be read as syntactic phrases and that they can be equivalent to subordinate clauses. However, it has not been studied so far whether and to which degree compounds replaced competing syntactic structures such as relative clauses or participial constructions over time. Using data from a syntactic treebank of Vedic and early Classical Sanskrit, this paper addresses the questions whether compounding replaced equivalent constructions and which textual and sociolinguistic factors may have driven this process. The paper studies compounds used as adnominal and adverbial modifiers, and compares their frequency distributions with those of subordinate clauses, adjectives, converbs, and participial constructions. Since the number of relevant cases is limited and the sociolinguistic factors driving the use of compounds are not well understood, the observed distributions are modeled with a hierarchical Bayesian framework that extracts an optimal subset from a set of possible explanatory factors (chronology, geography, poetry/prose alternation, genre, and school affiliation of Vedic texts).
Digitale Teilhabe und Chancengleichheit: Wege zu gerechten Bildungsangeboten für Erwachsene
Authors: Stiller Juliane , Trkulja Violeta 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel untersucht die Herausforderungen und Chancen der digitalen Gerechtigkeit mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Erwachsenenbildung in einer Gesellschaft, die zunehmend digital vernetzt ist. Er argumentiert, dass digitale Ungleichheiten, die durch fehlenden Zugang zu Infrastruktur und mangelnde digitale Kompetenzen entstehen, komplexer sind als oft angenommen und nicht allein durch die Bereitstellung technischer Ressourcen und Schulungen überwunden werden können. Stattdessen ist eine differenzierte Betrachtung erforderlich, die die komplexen Facetten von digitaler Ungleichheit und deren Auswirkungen auf Bildung, soziale Teilhabe und den Arbeitsmarkt berücksichtigt. Der Artikel beleuchtet zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen der digitalen Gerechtigkeit und zeigt dann anhand eines praktischen Beispiels, eines Online-Kurses für Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung, wie digitale Bildungsangebote gestaltet werden können, um den spezifischen Bedürfnissen marginalisierter Gruppen gerecht zu werden. Abschließend wird ein Toolkit vorgestellt, das Bildungseinrichtungen als Leitfaden zur Entwicklung eigener inklusiver digitaler Bildungsangebote dienen kann. Der Artikel plädiert für umfassende Ansätze, die über technologische Lösungen hinausgehen und die soziale Dimension der digitalen Teilhabe stärker in den Fokus rücken.
International symposium on integrative bioinformatics 2024 – editorial
Authors: Türker Can , Panse Christian , Sommer Bjorn , Friedrichs Marcel , Hofestädt Ralf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Integrative Bioinformatics faces the challenge of integrating, aligning, modelling, and simulating data in a coherent fashion to gain deeper insights into complex biological systems. This special issue of the Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics consists of six articles accepted for the presentation at the “18th International Symposium on Integrative Bioinformatics” held in Zürich on September 12–13, 2024. In addition, the symposium featured five keynote talks which will be discussed here as well.
Demystifying artificial intelligence for the global public interest: establishing responsible AI for international development through training
Authors: Zarei Ardestani Zahra , Mao Esther , Krueger Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword around the globe. For many, AI was once contained in high-tech labs and has now been released out into the world for the rest of us to use. Generative AI, which is what Microsoft, Apple, and OpenAI have recently offered, is only one version of AI – probably the one with the most ‘curb appeal’. In fact, AI dates to the 1950s and has offered much more banal – by today’s standards – innovations. This case study represents an effort to demystify popular notions of AI and take a first baby step toward developing AI literacy among international development practitioners. We offer two cases of courses that we developed to build appropriate bridges to the future, to show AI is not like the discovery of fire – a gift from the gods – but rather a technology that is a baby step forward in data analytics.
A systematic approach of correct laboratory commissioning: special procedural features for medical laboratories using the example of specialised forms of care
Authors: Rathenberg Jan , Pallast Niklas , Wähner Katharina , Wähner Marcel , Wohlfart Cornelia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the complexities of commissioning medical laboratory tests have grown continuously as a result of the increase in specialised forms of care, this article aims to create a practice-oriented structure of the legal and procedural requirements and to illustrate these using case studies – specifically using the example of so-called ambulatory medical specialist care (ASV) in accordance with Par. 116b SGB V and selected selective contracts in accordance with Par. 140a SGB V. Even if the system of correct laboratory billing described in our previous articles has remained largely valid, we believe that structuring specialised forms of care in the outpatient sector would be particularly helpful. In addition to our previous articles on the system of correct laboratory billing, it is shown that laboratory commissioning must also be systematically correct and that all parties involved in the process (doctor’s surgeries, clinics, medical laboratories and insured persons) will benefit from this. In doing so, we are developing a system for correct laboratory ordering that leads to an improvement in process quality and process simplification when functionalised via so-called “order/entry”- or automated registration systems.
Sleep quality and cerebrospinal fluid oxysterols in degenerative dementias: correlations and possible biomedical implications
Authors: Pradotto Luca , Cattaldo Stefania , Priano Lorenzo , Cremascoli Riccardo , Prina Elisa , Milesi Alessandra , Mai Stefania , Piterà Paolo , Tripodi Domenico , Poli Giuseppe , Leoni Valerio , Mauro Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe combination and tentative correlation of a selected set of polysomnographic tests with the quantitative measurement of oxysterols of pathophysiological relevance in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer’s degenerative dementia (AD), non-Alzheimer’s degenerative dementia (NAD) and nondegenerative disorders (C) were afforded in a pilot study.MethodsSleep efficiency, percentage of sleep time spent in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3 (N3), apnea/hypopnea index and sleep time spent with oxygen saturation <90% were recorded. Oxysterols of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic origin were quantified in the CSF of the three groups of patients by isotope-dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry.ResultsA remarkable increase in all tested oxysterols of autoxidation origin and of cholesterol was detectable in the CSF of AD and NAD patients in comparison with C patients. Of the four markers of sleep quality tested, only the percentage duration of N3 showed a net progressive reduction in NAD and AD patients. A strong inverse correlation between the CSF levels of 7k-cholesterol (7KC) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol and the duration of N3% in the recruited cohorts of patients appeared evident.ConclusionsAn abnormal increase in some oxysterols of autoxidation origin, particularly of 7KC, in the CSF of patients with degenerative dementia, with the highest levels reached in AD patients, appears to be a reliable candidate biomarker of reduced duration of N3 sleep. The observed accumulation of oxysterols in the CSF seems at least in part because of impaired efficiency of the glymphatic system, which indeed reaches, under normal conditions, its maximum activity in the N3 sleep phase. A contribution of altered cholesterol metabolism to sleep quality in AD patients cannot be excluded.Significance statementOxysterols of nonenzymatic origin are proposed as new CSF candidate markers of sleep quality in patients with dementia.