bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of 10 Children With Inflammatory Rosacea With Topical Ivermectin
Authors: Dall'Oglio Federica , Nasca Maria Rita , Tedeschi Aurora , Nicotra Francesco , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRosacea diagnosis and treatment in children are challenging, due to its rarity and to the lack of approved pharmacological agents for its treatment in this age group. In this case series, response to treatment with once daily applications of ivermectin (IVM) 1% cream for 12 weeks in 10 children affected by mild to severe inflammatory rosacea was evaluated clinically by Investigator Erythema Severity Assessment (IESA), Investigator Global Assessment of Severity (IGA‐S), Investigator Global Assessment score of Global Efficacy (IGA‐GE), and instrumentally by dermoscopy and Erythema‐Directed Digital Photography (EDDP). Clinical improvement was achieved at the end of treatment compared to baseline (IESA: 2.3 vs. 0.5; IGA‐S: 2.1 vs. 0.3) and confirmed by IGA‐GE (0 = 55%, 1 = 33%, 3 = 11%) and instrumental monitoring (EDDP: 2.7 vs. 0.6). Once daily IVM application may be an effective therapeutic option for children with rosacea.
Deciphering the role of growth regulators in enhancing plant immunity against herbivory
Authors: Singh Archana , Yajnik Kalpesh Nath , Mogilicherla Kanakachari , Singh Indrakant K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlants are central to global food production, and the pursuit of sustainability aims to enhance or preserve food quality while safeguarding the environment. Due to their immobility, plants are unable to evade unfavourable climatic setups or interactions with other living creatures. Upon their interaction with insect herbivores, plants face biotic stress, which is a constant challenge for plants, causing molecular, physiological, and biochemical changes and reducing their productivity. To combat biotic stress caused by herbivores, plants have evolved intricate defence mechanisms through growth regulators such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), strigolactones and brassinosteroids. The intricate network of specific proteins, metabolites and certain phytohormones orchestrates plant defensive reactions, leading to their skilful coordination in responding to insect attacks. Comprehending the defence mechanisms holds the key to mitigating significant crop and economic losses. This review entails a comprehensive analysis of the role of growth regulators in enhancing plant immunity against herbivory, highlighting the substantial efforts by the scientific community to manage and mitigate damages from biotic stress in plants, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture.
Allele‐specific micro‐RNA‐mediated regulation of ADAM33 in childhood allergic asthma
Authors: Wen Xiang , Zhou Juan , Fang Heping , Li Juan , Wang Run , Zeng Dan , Xie Xiaohong , Deng Yu , Ren Luo , Liu Enmei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveA disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) is associated with asthma susceptibility, and its genetic variations impact susceptibility and disease severity. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate ADAM33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in childhood asthma susceptibility and explore their regulatory mechanisms.MethodsEleven selected SNPs in ADAM33 were genotyped and identified the association with asthma susceptibility. In the validation cohort, we measured plasma sADAM33 levels and compared them with disease severity among children with different SNP genotypes. Computational predictions identified miRNAs targeting the SNP, and the impact of the SNP on miRNA regulation was confirmed using a dual luciferase reporter system. Finally, we validated the regulatory role of miRNAs on ADAM33 expression using an in vitro model with upregulated ADAM33 expression.ResultsOnly rs3918400 was associated with asthma susceptibility. In the validation cohort, children with allergic asthma exhibited higher plasma sADAM33 levels. Among asthmatic children, those with the rs3918400 CT/TT genotype had higher sADAM33 levels, poorer asthma control, more severe airway hyper‐responsiveness, lower FEV1% and higher dust mite‐specific IgE activity compared to those with the CC genotype. miR‐3928‐5p bound strongly to the rs3918400 C allele and effectively reduced ADAM33 protein expression in CC genotype cells. However, the binding affinity of miR‐3928‐5p to the T allele was weaker, resulting in diminished negative regulation of protein expression.ConclusionThe rs3918400 SNP affects the negative regulation of ADAM33 by miR‐3928‐5p, potentially participating in a complex interplay of processes related to childhood asthma susceptibility.
Population dynamics of defective viral genomes of tomato black ring virus during host-to-host transmission
Authors: Budzyńska Daria , Minicka Julia , Olmo-Uceda María J. , Elena Santiago F. , Hasiów-Jaroszewska Beata 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) emerge during error-prone replication of viral genomes and contain deletions, insertions, genomic rearrangements, and hypermutations. These large-effect mutations result in the inability of DVGs to complete an infectious cycle in the absence of a helper wild-type virus. It has been shown that
in vitro
DVGs usually accumulate in viral populations when a virus is serially passaged in the same host at a high multiplicity of infection. To investigate the impact of host-to-host transmission on DVG formation and population dynamics
in vivo
, we conducted evolution experiments with tomato black ring virus (TBRV). TBRV was sequentially passaged through a combination of four distinct host species: quinoa, tobacco, lettuce, and spinach. The host was changed every fifth passage. The diversity and population dynamics of DVGs were analyzed based on the RNA-Seq data obtained through sequencing of viral RNA after 20 passages. Our findings indicate the possibility of TBRV DVGs generation when the virus was passaged through different host species. The level of DVG abundance varied across host plant combinations, with a weak indication that the host species past sequence may play a role in DVGs generation. Most abundant DVGs in the TBRV evolved populations were derived from RNA1. Deletions were the most prevalent class of DVGs, followed by insertions. The deletion DVG subpopulation exhibited substantial diversity in species composition and the richness of the deletions species was correlated with their abundance. Longer DVGs characterized by small deletions were predominant, whereas those shorter than 1,000 nucleotides constituted less than 2%.

IMPORTANCE

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) have been identified
in vivo
and
in vitro
for different virus species infecting humans, animals, and plants. The ability to form DVGs during the passaging of virus in one host has been demonstrated, i.e., for tomato black ring virus (TBRV). In our research, RNA-Seq data obtained after TBRV passaging through a combination of four distinct host species were analyzed. Our results indicate that the level of DVG abundance varied across host plant combinations. Deletions were the most prevalent class of DVGs, with the domination of longer species. Additionally, the conserved junction sites in the TBRV genome were identified, resulting in the generation of identical deletions in independently evolved viral lineages. In summary, our findings provide significant insights into the origin and structure of DVGs of plant viruses. The obtained results will help in understanding viral evolution and host-virus interactions.
Host species-specific activity of the poxvirus PKR inhibitors E3 and K3 mediate host range function
Authors: Haller Sherry L. , Park Chorong , Bruneau Ryan C. , Megawati Dewi , Zhang Chi , Vipat Sameera , Peng Chen , Senkevich Tatiana G. , Brennan Greg , Tazi Loubna , Rothenburg Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The antiviral protein kinase R (PKR) is activated by viral double-stranded RNA and phosphorylates translation initiation factor eIF2α, thereby inhibiting translation and virus replication. Most poxviruses contain two PKR inhibitors, called E3 and K3 in vaccinia virus (VACV), which are determinants of viral host range. The prevailing model for E3 function is that it inhibits PKR through the non-specific sequestration of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Our data revealed that Syrian hamster PKR was resistant to E3, which is at odds with the sequestration model. However, Syrian hamster PKR was still sensitive to K3 inhibition. In contrast, Armenian hamster PKR showed opposite sensitivities, being sensitive to E3 and resistant to K3 inhibition. Mutational analyses of hamster PKRs showed that sensitivity to E3 inhibition was largely determined by the region linking the dsRNA-binding domains and the kinase domain of PKR, whereas two amino acid residues in the kinase domain (helix αG) determined sensitivity to K3. The expression of PKRs in congenic cells showed that Syrian hamster PKR containing the two Armenian hamster PKR residues in helix αG was resistant to wild-type VACV infection and that cells expressing either hamster PKR recapitulated the phenotypes observed in species-derived cell lines. The observed resistance of Syrian hamster PKR to E3 explains its host range function and challenges the paradigm that dsRNA-binding PKR inhibitors mainly act by the sequestration of dsRNA.

IMPORTANCE
The molecular mechanisms that govern the host range of viruses are incompletely understood. We show that the host range functions of E3 and K3, two host range factors from vaccinia virus, are a result of species-specific interactions with the antiviral protein kinase R (PKR) and that PKR from closely related species displayed dramatic differences in their sensitivities to these viral inhibitors. The current model for E3-mediated PKR inhibition is that E3 non-specifically sequesters double-stranded (ds) RNA to prevent PKR activation. This model does not predict species-specific sensitivity to E3; therefore, our data suggest that the current model is incomplete and that dsRNA sequestration is not the primary mechanism for E3 activity.
IGFBP6 Modulates Proteostasis by Activating ATF4 Targets and Reducing ER Retrotranslocon Expression
Authors: Kolodeeva O. E. , Kolodeeva O. E. , Antipenko I. D. , Fatkulin A. A. , Yakhina M. R. , Makarova J. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reduced expression of the IGFBP6 protein leads to an increase in the metastatic potential of breast cancer (BC) cells. The level of protein synthesis in tumor cells is increased, leading to a compensatory adjustment of proteostasis. One of the tools used to study proteostasis is protein toxins of the RIP-II family, which irreversibly inactivate ribosomes (particularly, viscumin). We investigated the effect of IGFBP6 gene knockdown on the proteostasis in the BC cell line MDA-MB-231. Ribosomes from MDA-MB-231IGFBP6 cells, knockdown for the IGFBP6 gene, are less efficiently modified by the toxin. This is probably due to the reduced transport of the viscumin catalytic subunit from the ER to the cytoplasm. MDA-MB-231IGFBP6 cells showed reduced expression of the retrotranslocon HRD1/Derlin subunit, which is a component of the ER-associated protein degradation system (ERAD). For ATF4 transcription factor, which is a part of the ER unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, an increased expression of its targets was found.
Effects of Silver Citrate Prolonged Exposure on Behavioral and Cognitive Functions of Mice
Authors: Antsiferova A. A. , Kopaeva M. Yu. , Kashkarov P. K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pure silver as well as silver compounds have been used as antiseptics for centuries. Nowadays, the most frequently applied silver compounds are silver nanoparticles. Several studies demonstrate the ability of silver nanoparticles and silver salts to accumulate in the brain of laboratory animals as well as the ability of silver nanoparticles to influence behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory mammals. For the first time, the influence of silver citrate on the change dynamics of behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory mice at the daily oral exposure during 30, 60, 120, and 180 days were investigated in the present research. We observed the anxiety increase after 30 days of the exposure as well as the ability of mice to adapt to the prolonged oral exposure of silver citrate manifested in the anxiety decrease, increase of locomotor activity and the tendency of long-term contextual memory improvement at the further stages of the experiment. Increase of locomotor activity and memory improvement might be associated with the sensitivity increase and regarded as compensatory mechanism to anxiety increase. The observed phenomenon is classified as a hormetic effect. A comparison with the analogous study, which implemented polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles, is carried out. It was concluded that the nanoscale impacts into the toxicity of silver compound.
Disparities in Cancer Stage Shifts Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Wang Katarina , Canchola Alison J. , McKinley Meg , Guan Alice , Vu Annie , Lin Katherine , Meltzer Dan , Dixit Niharika , Chu Janet N. , Idossa Dame , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Cheng Iona , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated shutdowns disrupted healthcare access and resulted in decreased cancer screenings. Cancer diagnosis delays have concerning downstream effects on late-stage cancer, especially for marginalized populations.

Methods:
The study population included 349,458 adults in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed with cancer between January 2019 and December 2021, during which California experienced two stay-at-home orders. We examined the percentage of late-stage (III–IV) cancer diagnoses across five periods: Pre-pandemic (January 2019–February 2020), Shutdown #1 (March–June 2020), Post-shutdown #1 (July–November 2020), Post-shutdown #2 (December 2020–March 2021), and Post-vaccine rollout (April–December 2021). To examine the association between time period and late-stage diagnoses, we conducted a multivariable log-binomial regression model adjusted for sociodemographic and neighborhood factors.

Results:
The percentage of late-stage cancer diagnoses increased during Shutdown #1 (+5.2%) and returned to baseline Post-vaccine rollout. Groups with notably higher increases in the percentage of late-stage cancer (vs. overall population) during Shutdown #1 include Pacific Islander (+13.7%), Thai (+11.2%), Chinese (+8.1%), Native Hawaiian (+7.4%), Filipino (+6.6%), and uninsured (+7.4%). Uninsured [vs. private insurance; prevalence ratio (PR), 1.41], low neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES; vs. high; PR, 1.19), and racial and ethnic minoritized groups (vs. non-Hispanic White; PR, 1.04–1.19) had higher likelihood for late-stage cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:
The pandemic exacerbated late-stage cancer disparities for racial and ethnic minoritized groups, underinsured, and low nSES communities in California (2020–2021).

Impact:
Interventions to improve cancer screening must be focused on racial and ethnic minoritized, underinsured, and low nSES communities, as they are likely to be more vulnerable to healthcare disruptions like the pandemic.
The Blindness Series and Experimental Media Art of the 1990s
Authors: Tran Kim-Trang T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
At the March 2022 College Art Association’s meeting, a roundtable convened by Liz Kim discussed the topic: Intersectionality and the Video Art of Asian American Women Artists. Kim-Trang T. Tran’s video kore (1994), part of her Blindness Series, was one of the featured works. The Blindness Series, consisting of eight short-format experimental videos, focused on physical blindness and its metaphors to address intersectional issues of race, gender, and sexuality. While the specific topics and approaches of the videos in the series were products of their time, revisiting them today, we can see that contemporary concerns were already reflected in Asian American women artists’ works from the 1990s.
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022
Authors: Liu Xin , Duan Yihong , Shen Xingchen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In 2022, three tropical cyclones (TCs) successively moved northward in the northwest Pacific. Both the preceding and subsequent TCs can cause obvious sea surface temperature cooling (SSTC), which may last from a few days to a month. In this study, an uncoupled atmosphere-only model and a coupled ocean–atmosphere model were employed to investigate the effects of the SSTC caused by the preceding TCs on the track and intensity of the subsequent TCs. The results indicated that in the atmosphere-only simulations, the subsequent TC had a northeast shift in the track and a reduced intensity. The ocean–atmosphere coupled simulations showed similar TC track adjustments, but different TC intensity change results. The analysis suggested that the deviation of the TC track is the combined effect of the changes in the steering flow, beta drift, and diabatic heating. For the change of TC intensity, not only the SSTC but also the thickness of the oceanic mixed layer needs to be considered. The related physical mechanisms are analyzed in this paper.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing “Early” Versus “Late” Periosteal Patch Attachment to Knee Chondral Defects in Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Orfanos Georgios , McCarthy Helen Samantha , Williams Michael , Dugard Naomi , Gallacher Peter Denis , Glover Alexander William , Roberts Sally , Wright Karina Therese , Kuiper Jan Herman 
Published: October 2024

Objective Traditional autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves arthroscopically harvesting a cartilage biopsy (stage 1), followed by arthrotomy 3 to 4 weeks later to apply a periosteal patch and implant culture-expanded chondrocytes underneath (stage 2). This study aimed to determine if patch application during stage 1 rather than stage 2 improved clinical outcome. Design A randomized controlled trial was conducted from 1998 to 2001. Patients were randomized to receive either traditional ACI (control/late) or ACI with “early” patch during stage 1 (intervention/early). Clinical outcome (Lysholm score) was assessed pre-operatively and annually post-operatively. Results Seventy-seven patients were recruited, with 40 patients randomized to the early and 37 to the late patch group. The overall mean pre-operative Lysholm score was 51.8 (range 11-89) and significantly improved by 11.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8 to 17.4) at mean 12.7 years (range 1.5-23.7) follow-up. Latest mean Lysholm scores for the early and late groups were 68.4 (95% CI = 19 to 100) versus 56.7 (95% CI = 18 to 98). Adjusted for covariate imbalances, no evidence was found for a difference between the groups (mean difference = 8.5, 95% CI = −5.2 to 22.2, P = 0.22). Twenty-year survival until any re-operation or arthroplasty was 59.6%/82.1% for the early and 56.8%/69.5% for the late group, with no evidence for a difference. Conclusion ACI is an effective durable treatment for cartilage defects, with high levels of patient satisfaction and low failure rates. No evidence was found that applying the periosteal patch at the time of chondrocyte harvest improved long-term Lysholm scores or survival until any re-operation or arthroplasty.
Bilateral exudative retinal detachment with subretinal light-chain protein in a patient with multiple myeloma -case report-
Authors: Gruben Arved Rikus , Ehlken Christoph , Roider Johann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Exudative retinal detachment in patients with multiple myeloma is exceedingly rare. Only two Cases are known to us. We successfully identified light-chain proteins in subretinal fluid, allowing for a more precise understanding of the pathogenesis of this complication.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old patient presented with bilateral exudative retinal detachment. The visual impairment was reported one day after stem cell mobilization by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the additional administration of Plerixafor. The symptoms began during stem cell apheresis. The patient underwent surgical treatment for both eyes through vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. Light-chain proteins were detected in the collected subretinal fluid through electrophoresis in one eye.

Conclusions
We successfully identified light-chain proteins in subretinal fluid, allowing for a more precise understanding of the pathogenesis of this complication. The pathomechanism likely involves damage to the outer blood-retina barrier due to the deposition of light-chain proteins. Whether mobilization of bone marrow cells with Plerixafor led to a breakdown of the outer blood-retina barrier in these patients is a topic for discussion and has to be considered in the use of Plerixafor.
Informatics assessment of COVID-19 data collection: an analysis of UK Biobank questionnaire data
Authors: Mayer Craig S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
There have been many efforts to expand existing data collection initiatives to include COVID-19 related data. One program that expanded is UK Biobank, a large-scale research and biomedical data collection resource that added several COVID-19 related data fields including questionnaires (exposures and symptoms), viral testing, and serological data. This study aimed to analyze this COVID-19 data to understand how COVID-19 data was collected and how it can be used to attribute COVID-19 and analyze differences in cohorts and time periods.

Methods
A cohort of COVID-19 infected individuals was defined from the UK Biobank population using viral testing, diagnosis, and self-reported data. Changes over time, from March 2020 to October 2021, in total case counts and changes in case counts by identification source (diagnosis from EHR, measurement from viral testing and self-reported from questionnaire) were also analyzed. For the questionnaires, an analysis of the structure and dynamics of the questionnaires was done which included the amount and type of questions asked, how often and how many individuals answered the questions and what responses were given. In addition, the amount of individuals who provided responses regarding different time segments covered by the questionnaire was calculated along with how often responses changed. The analysis included changes in population level responses over time. The analyses were repeated for COVID and non-COVID individuals and compared responses.

Results
There were 62 042 distinct participants who had COVID-19, with 49 120 identified through diagnosis, 30 553 identified through viral testing and 934 identified through self-reporting, with many identified in multiple methods. This included vast changes in overall cases and distribution of case data source over time. 6 899 of 9 952 participants completing the exposure questionnaire responded regarding every time period covered by the questionnaire including large changes in response over time. The most common change came for employment situation, which was changed by 74.78% of individuals from the first to last time of asking. On a population level, there were changes as face mask usage increased each successive time period. There were decreases in nearly every COVID-19 symptom from the first to the second questionnaire. When comparing COVID to non-COVID participants, COVID participants were more commonly keyworkers (COVID: 33.76%, non-COVID: 15.00%) and more often lived with young people attending school (61.70%, 45.32%).

Conclusion
To develop a robust cohort of COVID-19 participants from the UK Biobank population, multiple types of data were needed. The differences based on time and exposures show the important of comprehensive data capture and the utility of COVID-19 related questionnaire data.