bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cochrane 2018 Review on Brief Interventions in Primary Care for Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Consumption: A Distillation for Clinicians and Policy Makers
Authors: Beyer F R , Campbell F , Bertholet N , Daeppen J B , Saunders J B , Pienaar E D , Muirhead C R , Kaner E F S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
An updated Cochrane systematic review assessed effectiveness of screening and brief intervention to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in general practice or emergency care settings. This paper summarises the implications of the review for clinicians.

Methods
Cochrane methods were followed. Reporting accords with PRISMA guidance. We searched multiple resources to September 2017, seeking randomised controlled trials of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. Brief intervention was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 min. Our primary outcome was alcohol consumption, measured as or convertible to grams per week. We conducted meta-analyses to assess change in consumption, and subgroup analyses to explore the impact of participant and intervention characteristics.

Results
We included 69 studies, of which 42 were added for this update. Most studies (88%) compared brief intervention to control. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies and provided moderate-quality evidence that brief intervention reduced consumption compared to control after one year (mean difference −20 g/wk, 95% confidence interval −28 to −12). Subgroup analysis showed a similar effect for men and women.

Conclusions
Brief interventions can reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption in men and women. Short, advice-based interventions may be as effective as extended, counselling-based interventions for patients with harmful levels of alcohol use who are presenting for the first time in a primary care setting.
‘Other Spaces’: Constructing the Legal Architecture of a Cold War Commons and the Scientific-Technical Imaginary of Outer Space
Authors: Craven Matt 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article, I seek to develop the argument that the law of outer space, as it was to be developed during the 1960s and 1970s, configured outer space as a ‘commons’ in order to displace two prevailing ‘dystopic’ socio-technical imaginaries that were to be associated with the Cold War. One of these was that outer space might become a place of warfare – and, more specifically, a warfare of annihilatory proportions between the two main protagonists of the Cold War; the other, that it might be the object of ‘primitive accumulation’. Drawing upon the work of Herbert Marcuse, I argue that, whilst the nascent code of outer space visibly sought to repress both of these possibilities, it did so by bringing into play a particular ‘technological rationality’, in which each of these aversions were to reappear as sustaining configurations – as what might be called the rational irrationalities of a Cold War commons.
Examining differences in out-of-hours primary care use in Belgium and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Smits Marleen , Colliers Annelies , Jansen Tessa , Remmen Roy , Bartholomeeusen Stephaan , Verheij Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe organizational model of out-of-hours primary care is likely to affect healthcare use. We aimed to examine differences in the use of general practitioner cooperatives for out-of-hours care in the Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders) and explore if these are related to organizational differences.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study using routine electronic health record data of the year 2016 from 77 general practitioner cooperatives in the Netherlands and 5 general practitioner cooperatives in Belgium (Flanders). Patient age, gender and health problem were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe number of consultations per 1000 residents was 2.3 times higher in the Netherlands than in Belgium. Excluding telephone consultations, which are not possible in Belgium, the number of consultations was 1.4 times higher. In Belgium, the top 10 of health problems was mainly related to infections, while in the Netherlands there were a larger variety of health problems. In addition, the health problem codes in the Dutch top 10 were more often symptoms, while the codes in the Belgian top 10 were more often diagnoses. In both countries, a relatively large percentage of GPC patients were young children and female patients.ConclusionDifferences in the use of general practitioner cooperatives seem to be related to the gatekeeping role of general practitioners in the Netherlands and to organizational differences such as telephone triage, medical advice by telephone, financial thresholds and number of years of experience with the system. The information can benefit policy decisions about the organization of out-of-hours primary care.
Harnessing biomolecular condensates in living cells
Authors: Nakamura Hideki , DeRose Robert , Inoue Takanari 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs part of the ‘Central Dogma’ of molecular biology, the function of proteins and nucleic acids within a cell is determined by their primary sequence. Recent work, however, has shown that within living cells the role of many proteins and RNA molecules can be influenced by the physical state in which the molecule is found. Within living cells, both protein and RNA molecules are observed to condense into non-membrane-bound yet distinct structures such as liquid droplets, hydrogels and insoluble aggregates. These unique intracellular organizations, collectively termed biomolecular condensates, have been found to be vital in both normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review the latest studies that have developed molecular tools attempting to recreate artificial biomolecular condensates in living cells. We will describe their design principles, implementation and unique characteristics, along with limitations. We will also introduce how these tools can be used to probe and perturb normal and pathological cell functions, which will then be complemented with discussions of remaining areas for technological advance under this exciting theme.
Living abroad, voting as if at home? Electoral motivations of expatriates
Authors: Goldberg Andreas C. , Lanz Simon 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The share of voters participating in national elections from abroad is evergrowing. Despite this, expatriates constitute one of the most understudied groups of electors. Some existing analyses have shown that expatriates support different parties than voters residing at home. However, the reasons for this effect remain in the dark. In this article, we test common electoral theories—socio-structural, socio-psychological, and issue voting—and their relevance for voters at home and abroad. Additionally, we test if differences in voting behaviour are due to compositional or behavioural reasons. In line with previous studies, we show that expatriates support other parties, in the Swiss case left parties, than voters at home. We further show that this gap cannot be explained by the different composition of the expatriate community but rather by their different behavioural motivations. Expatriates more often base their vote choice on their social class and religious beliefs. Partisanship voting and, to some extent, issue voting are less important in the expatriate community. The findings are based on the Swiss National Election Study 2011 and additional interviews conducted among Swiss residing abroad.
IntFOLD: an integrated web resource for high performance protein structure and function prediction
Authors: McGuffin Liam J , Adiyaman Recep , Maghrabi Ali H A , Shuid Ahmad N , Brackenridge Danielle A , Nealon John O , Philomina Limcy S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe IntFOLD server provides a unified resource for the automated prediction of: protein tertiary structures with built-in estimates of model accuracy (EMA), protein structural domain boundaries, natively unstructured or disordered regions in proteins, and protein–ligand interactions. The component methods have been independently evaluated via the successive blind CASP experiments and the continual CAMEO benchmarking project. The IntFOLD server has established its ranking as one of the best performing publicly available servers, based on independent official evaluation metrics. Here, we describe significant updates to the server back end, where we have focused on performance improvements in tertiary structure predictions, in terms of global 3D model quality and accuracy self-estimates (ASE), which we achieve using our newly improved ModFOLD7_rank algorithm. We also report on various upgrades to the front end including: a streamlined submission process, enhanced visualization of models, new confidence scores for ranking, and links for accessing all annotated model data. Furthermore, we now include an option for users to submit selected models for further refinement via convenient push buttons. The IntFOLD server is freely available at: http://www.reading.ac.uk/bioinf/IntFOLD/.
Multiple Influenza Virus Infections in 4 Consecutive Epidemiological Seasons: A Retrospective Study in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Möst Johannes , Redlberger-Fritz Monika , Weiss Günter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent observations provide evidence for group-specific immunity toward influenza A infections and raise the question of how often we can get the flu.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 2308 cases of children and adolescents with clinically manifested influenza and a positive PCR-test during the last 4 epidemiological seasons (2014–15 through 2017–18).

Results
In the 2015–16 epidemiological season, almost 12% of patients had experienced an influenza infection during the previous season; in the 2016–17 season, more than 14% had at least 1 infection during the previous 2 seasons, and in 2017–18 season, over 18% had 1 or more infections during the previous 3 seasons. The majority of these repetitive infections occurred in children between 3–8 years of age. 29 patients experienced 3 or 4 infections during these seasons, whereas 38 children had 2 influenza episodes within the same season. Epidemiological pattern of circulating viral strains changed yearly; however, we identified 5 patients with confirmed influenza B infections during the 2014–15 and 2017–18 seasons, when only subtype Yamagata was circulating in Austria.

Conclusions
Repetitive influenza infections in consecutive epidemiological seasons occurred quite frequently in children and adolescents. Observations like ours contribute to a better understanding of the immunity against influenza virus infections and could have implications for future vaccination strategies.
The Yin and Yang of Iron in Plants and Beyond: 19th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (ISINIP) in Taiwan
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe19th edition of the International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants, a biannual meeting initiated in 1981, took place in Taiwan for the first time. The five-day event was held at the Academia Sinica campus in the Southeast of Taiwan’s capital city Taipei, and hosted around 200 scientists from around the world. The meeting covered a diverse array of topics centered around iron nutrition, including but not limited to soil processes, biofortification, transport, signaling and molecular processes regulating the cellular homeostasis of iron. Here, I review the research foci highlighted during the meeting by oral and poster presentations.
Hopf invariants for sectional category with applications to topological robotics
Authors: González Jesús , Grant Mark , Vandembroucq Lucile 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We develop a theory of generalized Hopf invariants in the setting of sectional category. In particular, we show how Hopf invariants for a product of fibrations can be identified as shuffle joins of Hopf invariants for the factors. Our results are applied to the study of Farber’s topological complexity for two-cell complexes, as well as to the construction of a counterexample to the analogue for topological complexity of Ganea’s conjecture on Lusternik–Schnirelmann category.
Understanding the process of implementing nutrition and physical activity policies in a large national child care organization: a mixed-methods study
Authors: McKee Sarah L , Cooksey-Stowers Kristen , St. Louis Rebecca , Schwartz Marlene B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Learning Care Group made a three-year commitment with the Partnership for a Healthier America to implement several evidence-based nutrition and physical activity policies in over 900 child care centers. New practices included serving more fruits and vegetables; eliminating sugary drinks and juice; family-style dining; healthier celebrations; limiting screen time; increasing outdoor play time; and supporting breastfeeding. A sequential convergent mixed-methods design was used to describe changes in center practices over time; organizational support for changes; and center director perceptions of the implementation process. Data were collected through an interview with organizational leadership; document review; and online center director surveys at 6, 18, and 36 months. The final center director survey included open-ended questions about policy implementation. Written responses were coded and overall themes were extracted by integrating the qualitative and quantitative data. The five overall themes were to: take a comprehensive approach; build the initiative over time; provide structural supports; replace old practices with new ones; and communicate thoroughly. Center leaders reported primarily positive reactions to healthier menus, juice removal, and increased physical activity. The most controversial policy concerned healthier celebrations. Center directors reported that the staff and children adapted quickly to changes, while some families required more assistance. The experience of this large child care organization can inform other efforts to implement early care and education wellness policies.
PSX: Protein-Solvent Exchange - Software for calculation of deuterium-exchange effects in SANS measurements from protein coordinates
Authors: Pedersen Martin Cramer , Wang Yong , Tidemand Frederik Grønbæk , Martel Anne , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Arleth Lise 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent developments in neutron scattering instrumentation and sample handling have enabled studies of more complex biological samples and measurements at shorter exposure times. The experiments are typically conducted in D2O-based buffers to emphasize or diminish scattering from a particular components or to minimize background noise in the experiment. To extract most information from such experiments it is thus desirable to determine accurate estimates of how and when closely bound hydrogen atoms from the biomolecule exchange with the deuterium in the solvent. We introduce and document software, PSX, for exploring the effect of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for proteins solubilized in D2O as well as the underlying bioinformatical models. The software aims to be generally applicable for any atomistic structure of a protein and its surrounding environment, and thus captures effects of both heterogenous exchange rates throughout the protein structure and by varying the experimental conditions such as pH and temperature. The paper concludes with examples of applications and estimates of the effect in typical scenarios emerging in small-angle neutron scattering on biological macromolecules in solution. Our analysis suggests that the common assumption of 90% exchange is in many cases an overestimate with the rapid sample handling systems currently available, which leads to fitting and calibration issues when analysing the data. Source code for the presented software is available from an online repository in which it is published under version 3 of the GNU publishing license.
A model for reticular dysgenesis shows impaired sensory organ development and hair cell regeneration linked to cellular stress
Authors: Rissone Alberto , Jimenez Erin , Bishop Kevin , Carrington Blake , Slevin Claire , Wincovitch Stephen M. , Sood Raman , Candotti Fabio , Burgess Shawn M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMutations in the gene AK2 are responsible for Reticular Dysgenesis (RD), a rare and severe form of primary immunodeficiency in children. RD patients have a severely shortened life expectancy and without treatment die a few weeks after birth. The only available therapeutic option for RD is bone marrow transplantation. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of RD, we previously created zebrafish models for an AK2 deficiency. One of the clinical features of RD is hearing loss, but its pathology and causes have not been determined. In adult mammals, sensory hair cells of the inner ear do not regenerate; however, their regeneration has been observed in several non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish. Therefore, we use our RD zebrafish models to determine if AK2 deficiency affects sensory organ development and/or hair cell regeneration. Our studies indicated that AK2 is required for the correct development, survival and regeneration of sensory hair cells. Interestingly, AK2 deficiency induces the expression of several oxidative stress markers and it triggers an increased level of cell death in the hair cells. Finally, we show that glutathione treatment can partially rescue hair cell development in the sensory organs in our RD models, pointing to the potential use of antioxidants as a supportive therapeutic modality for RD patients, not only to increase their chances of survival, but to prevent or ameliorate their sensorineural hearing deficits.
White-nose syndrome restructures bat skin microbiomes
Authors: Ange-Stark Meghan , Cheng Tina L. , Hoyt Joseph R. , Langwig Kate E. , Parise Katy L. , Frick Winifred F. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , MacManes Matthew D. , Foster Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe skin microbiome is an essential line of host defense against pathogens, yet our understanding of microbial communities and how they change when hosts become infected is limited. We investigated skin microbial composition in three North American bat species (Myotis lucifugus,Eptesicus fuscus, andPerimyotis subflavus) that have been impacted by the infectious disease, white-nose syndrome, caused by an invasive fungal pathogen,Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We compared bacterial and fungal composition from 154 skin swab samples and 70 environmental samples using a targeted 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon approach. We found that forM. lucifugus, a species that experiences high mortality from white-nose syndrome, bacterial microbiome diversity was dramatically lower whenP. destructansis present. Key bacterial families—including those potentially involved in pathogen defense—significantly differed in abundance in bats infected withP. destructanscompared to uninfected bats. However, skin bacterial diversity was not lower inE. fuscusorP. subflavuswhenP. destructanswas present, despite populations of the latter species declining sharply from white-nose syndrome. The fungal species present on bats substantially overlapped with the fungal taxa present in the environment at the site where the bat was sampled, but fungal community composition was unaffected by the presence ofP. destructansfor any of the three bat species. This species-specific alteration in bat skin bacterial microbiomes after pathogen invasion may suggest a mechanism for the severity of WNS inM. lucifugus, but not for other bat species impacted by white-nose syndrome.
Genome-wide assessment of genetic risk for systemic lupus erythematosus and disease severity
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wang Yong-Fei , Liu Lu , Bielowka Adrianna , Ahmed Rahell , Zhang Huoru , Tombleson Phil , Roberts Amy L , Odhams Christopher A , Cunninghame Graham Deborah S , Zhang Xuejun , Yang Wangling , Vyse Timothy J , Morris David L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveUsing three European and two Chinese genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we investigated the performance of genetic risk scores (GRS) for predicting the susceptibility and severity of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using renal disease as a proxy for severity.MethodsWe used four GWASs to test the performance of GRS both cross validating within the European population and between European and Chinese populations. The performance of GRS in SLE risk prediction was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. We then analyzed the polygenic nature of SLE statistically. We also partitioned patients according to their age-of-onset and evaluated the predictability of GRS in disease severity in each age group.ResultsWe found consistently that the best GRS in the prediction of SLE used SNPs associated at the level of P<1e-05 in all GWAS datasets and that SNPs with P-values above 0.2 were inflated for SLE true positive signals. The GRS results in an area under the ROC curve ranging between 0.64 and 0.72, within European and between the European and Chinese populations. We further showed a significant positive correlation between a GRS and renal disease in two independent European GWAS (Pcohort1=2.44e-08; Pcohort2=0.00205) and a significant negative correlation with age of SLE onset (Pcohort1=1.76e-12; Pcohort2=0.00384). We found that the GRS performed better in prediction of renal disease in the ‘later onset’ compared to the ‘earlier onset’ group.ConclusionThe GRS predicts SLE in both European and Chinese populations and correlates with poorer prognostic factors: young age of onset and lupus nephritis.
Attention Decorrelates Sensory and Motor Signals in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Abdolrahmani Mohammad , Lyamzin Dmitry R , Aoki Ryo , Benucci Andrea 
Published: April 2019

SummaryVisually-guided behaviors depend on the activity of cortical networks receiving visual inputs and transforming these signals to guide appropriate actions. However, non-retinal inputs, carrying motor signals as well as cognitive and attentional modulatory signals, also activate these cortical regions. How these networks avoid interference between coincident signals ensuring reliable visual behaviors is poorly understood. Here, we observed neural responses in the dorsal-parietal cortex of mice during a visual discrimination task driven by visual stimuli and movements. We found that visual and motor signals interacted according to two canonical mechanisms: divisive normalization and response demixing. Interactions were contextually modulated by the animal’s state of attention, with attention amplifying visual and motor signals and decorrelating them in a low-dimensional space of neural activations. These findings reveal canonical computational principles operating in dorsal-parietal networks that enable separation of incoming signals for reliable visually-guided behaviors during interactions with the environment.
CreC Sensor Kinase Activation Enhances Growth of Escherichia coli in the Presence of Cephalosporins and Carbapenems
Authors: Takebayashi Yuiko , Taylor Emma S. , Whitwam Sam , Avison Matthew B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMutants with enhanced growth in the presence of antibiotics but where the antibiotic’s minimum inhibitory concentration does not change, are difficult to identify in mixed populations because they are not amenable to selection. Here we report that activatory mutations in the CreC signal sensor enhance growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of cefoxitin, cefotaxime and meropenem without increasing their minimum inhibitory concentrations. Enhanced growth is dependent on overproduction of the inner-membrane cre-regulon protein CreD.