bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of morbidity in patients who underwent autogenous bone‐graft harvesting from the mandibular symphysis and retromolar regions
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Santos , Pavelski Maicon D. , Griza Geraldo L. , Boos Fernanda B. J. D. , Hochuli‐Vieira Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutogenous bone grafts are the most favorable and predictable types of bone graft due to their osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties. The advantages of harvesting from mandibular bone are that it requires only local anesthesia, is less invasive, has less morbidity, and avoids harvesting from distant sites, thus making it the best choice for maxillary bone reconstruction.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) neurosensory disturbances after autogenous bone graft harvesting from the mandibular symphysis and retromolar region to reconstruct maxillary sinus height for posterior dental implant placement and the effect of these disturbances on patient satisfaction.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four patients were invited to participate in this study. Autogenous bone graft was harvested from the mandibular symphysis and retromolar regions. After the procedure, the patients were evaluated by means of an adapted questionnaire to determine if they had complaints of neurosensory disturbances at the following time intervals: immediately, 1, 2‐5, 6, 7‐11, and 12 months postsurgery.ResultsImmediately after surgery, 28 patients described sensory changes and 25 reported paresthesia of inferior lip. Only three patients reported pain, and one patient experienced dental hypersensitivity after the surgical procedure. During the evaluation period, the patients reported a decrease in paresthesia and a return of sensation to areas innervated by the IAN. After 12 months, five patients still reported paresthesia of areas innervated by the IAN. Beside this, patients reported significant clinical improvement from the beginning of the evaluation, as 49 patients were satisfied with their treatment outcomes.ConclusionHarvesting bone grafts from the mandibular symphysis results in greater postoperative morbidity upon immediate evaluation compared with bone graft harvesting from the retromolar region. Nevertheless, during clinical follow‐up, the results of both treatments showed that sensation was eventually recovered, depending on the healing period.
Inferring immune‐associated signatures based on a co‐expression network in Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Zhang Huixue , Liu Zhaojun , Guan Ruoyu , Wang Jianjian , Kong Xiaotong , Chen Lixia , Bo Chunrui , Li Jie , Bai Ming , Lu Xiaoyu , Shen Jia , Wang Lihua , Guo Mian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a type of acute autoimmune disease, which occurs in peripheral nerves and their roots. There is extensive evidence that suggests many immune‐associated genes have essential roles in GBS. However, the associations between immune genes and GBS have not been sufficiently examined as most previous studies have only focused on individual genes rather than their entire interaction networks.Materials and methodsIn this study, multiple levels of data including immune‐associated genes, GBS‐associated genes, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene expression profiles were integrated, and an immune or GBS‐directed neighbour co‐expressed network (IOGDNC network) and a GBS‐directed neighbour co‐expressed network (GDNC network) were constructed.ResultsOur analysis shows the immune‐associated genes are strongly related to GBS‐associated genes whether at the interaction level or gene expression level. Five immune‐associated modules were also identified which could distinguish between GBS and normal samples. In addition, functional analysis indicated that immune‐associated genes are essential in GBS.ConclusionsOverall, these results highlight a strong relationship between immune‐associated genes and GBS existed and provide a potential role for immune‐associated genes as novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for GBS.
Clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension patients living in plain and high‐altitude regions
Authors: Lei Si , Sun Zhina , He Xiuqin , Li Cheng , Zhang Yiqing , Luo Xihong , Wu Shangjie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe demographic characteristics, ratio of aetiologies and biochemical parameters of adult patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) living in plain and high‐altitude regions were investigated and analysed.MethodsIn total, 2846 adult patients with PH hospitalized from 2010 to 2015 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Qinghai Red Cross Hospital were retrospectively investigated.Results(1) In the present study, the numbers of patients with PH in both the plain and high‐altitude regions increased annually (P < 0.05), and the in‐hospital prevalence of PH significantly increased over time in the high‐altitude region. PH was more common in women in the plain region. Furthermore, compared with PH patients living in the plain region, those living in the high‐altitude region were older (P < 0.05) and had higher smoking rates (P < 0.05). In the plain region, the greatest proportion of patients with PH belonged to group 2 (PH because of left heart disease), while in the high‐altitude region, group 3 (PH because of lung diseases and/or hypoxia) was the most common (P < 0.05). (2) Haemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, mean platelet volumes and platelet volume distribution widths were lower in PH patients living in the plain region than in those living in the high‐altitude region. Furthermore, platelet counts were higher in patients living in the plain region than in those living in the high‐altitude region (P < 0.05). The BNP/NT‐proBNP levels were higher in PH patients living in the plain region (45.5%), which were mostly in group 4, than in those living the high‐altitude region (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data from the hospitals in both the plain and high‐altitude regions show a tendency towards increased in‐hospital prevalence of PH over the last 6 years. The most common aetiologies of PH in patients living in the plain region and high‐altitude regions were left heart disease and lung disease, respectively. Compared with PH patients living in the plain region, those living in the high‐altitude region had better cardiac function and less severe PH.
Identifying payments for ecosystem services participants through social or spatial targeting? Exploring the outcomes of group level contracts
Authors: McGrath Francesca L. , Leimona Beria , Amaruzaman Sacha , Rahadian Nana P. , Carrasco Luis R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractParticipants in payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes can be identified in numerous ways, for example, through social or spatial targeting. However, little is known about how the type of participant targeting will influence the PES outcomes. Using a longstanding PES scheme in Cidanau Indonesia, we evaluate the outcomes of using social and spatial participant identification. The outcomes compared are participant perceptions of equity, understanding, and compliance. This scheme contracts farmers at the group level and has had two implementation phases, the first contracted farmers based on social relationships and the second based on spatial proximity of their plots to reduce monitoring costs. We find that both the social and spatial targeting of participants is perceived as fair, and all participants are complying. Our results thus suggest that the perceived trade‐off between efficiency and equity is not ubiquitous and that efficiency gains were made without compromising compliance and perceived equity. We also find that training for the farmer group (FG) leaders is crucial in ensuring that the rest of the FG members understand the PES scheme and its requirements.
Pleural catheter placement and intrapleural fibrinolysis following lung transplantation
Authors: Kao Christina C. , Cuevas Jose F. , Tuthill Sarah , Parulekar Amit D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics of lung transplant recipients requiring additional pleural drainage catheters early post–lung transplantation and to determine the safety and efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics in these patients.MethodsA retrospective review of lung transplant recipients at a single center was performed. Patient and transplant characteristics, placement of pleural drainage catheters within 90 days of transplant, and use of intrapleural fibrinolytics were determined.ResultsOut of 128 patients who underwent lung transplantation, 54 patients required 86 additional chest tubes, the majority of which were size 14 French or smaller. Pleural effusion was the most common indication for tube placement. Patients who required additional chest tubes were more likely to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than those who did not. Use of intrapleural fibrinolytics led to radiographic improvement in 77.8% of patients and was not associated with bleeding, pneumothorax, or mortality within 30 days.ConclusionsUse of small‐bore chest tubes and intrapleural fibrinolytics can be safe and effective in lung transplant recipients with persistent pleural effusions.
Symptomatogenic zone and network of oroalimentary automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Xiu , Mo Jia‐jie , Sang Lin , Zhao Bao‐tian , Zhang Chao , Hu Wen‐han , Zhang Jian‐guo , Shao Xiao‐qiu , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveOroalimentary automatisms (OAAs) are common clinical manifestations of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs remains unclear. The generation mechanism of OAAs also has not been clarified. We attempt to explain these problems by analyzing interictal [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET) imaging and ictal stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsFifty‐seven patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively. All underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and were seizure‐free. The patients were divided into OAA (+) and OAA (−) groups according to the occurrence of consistent stereotyped OAAs. The interictal PET data were compared with those of 18 healthy controls and were then compared between groups using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Functional connectivity using linear regression analysis was performed between the target brain regions. To clarify the network of OAAs, ictal epileptogenicity index (EI) values, and the nonlinear correlation method h2 were performed with SEEG on patients.ResultsCompared to OAAs (−), the rolandic operculum was the only area with significant differences. Hippocampus and rolandic operculum showed significant correlations in the OAA (+) group (y = 0.758x+0.470, R2 = 0.456, P = 0.000). No correlation was found in the OAA (−) group (P = 0.486). The EI values of the OAA (+) group (median 0.20) were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than those of the OAA (−) group (median 0). The h2 in the OAA (+) group (h2 = 0.23 ± 0.13) showed stronger functional connectivity (t = 6.166, P < 0.0001) than that of the OAA (−) group (h2 = 0.08 ± 0.05).SignificanceThe rolandic operculum is most likely to be the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs. In medial temporal lobe epilepsy, unilateral functional connection from the hippocampus to the rolandic operculum during seizure onset is the basis for the generation of OAAs.
Effect of tannin extracts on protein degradation during ensiling of ryegrass or lucerne
Authors: Martens Siriwan D. , Korn Ulrich , Roscher Simone , Pieper Bernd , Schafft Helmut , Steinhöfel Olaf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEleven laboratory‐scale trials were undertaken in different years where ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were ensiled with different concentrations of tannin extracts (quebracho, Schinopsis balansae Engl., mimosa, Acacia mearnsii DE WILD.), and the effects on protein degradation were assessed. The dry‐matter (DM) content in grass silages ranged between 186 and 469 g/kg and in lucerne silages between 187 and 503 g/kg. Tannin extract, either quebracho or mimosa, was applied at 0–30 g/kg forage DM. Commercial additives such as Lactobacillus plantarum, formic acid or hexamine + NaNO2 were applied in two of the grass trials and in six of the lucerne trials. Eight of the trials incorporated a maximum ensiling duration of 90 or 180 days in addition to replicates which were opened and evaluated at earlier stages. All trials included silages which were assessed after at least 49 days of anaerobic storage. The crude protein (CP) fraction A (non‐protein nitrogen, NPN) as proportion of total CP, served as the main indicator for proteolysis. In ryegrass, in general, the level of proteolysis was lower than in lucerne. A correlation of DM content in silages and degree of proteolysis was only evident for ryegrass. In both forages, the degradation of true protein slowed considerably after 24 days of ensiling. True protein was conserved most with the highest level of tannin extract addition. However, in lucerne, the combination of formate with lactobacilli was equally effective up to 330 g DM/kg, and deamination was further inhibited by formic acid compared to tannin extracts.
Performance of Sample Preparation for Determination of Gold in Samples of Geological Origin
Authors: Daniel Lou , Clarke Brenton R. , Parsons Drew F. 
Published: May 2019

We investigate the performance of sample preparation of gold ores using vibratory (bowl, ring and puck type) mills in common use in mineral analytical laboratories. The main criteria for effective grinding are using reduced grinding charge masses ≤ ca. 50% of nominal bowl capacity and using a grinding aid to prevent caking. We show that gold particles of millimetre scale can be comminuted to ≤ 100 µm by grinding in silica flour, bauxite, synthetic carborundum, or mixtures of silica and these materials using times of up to 5 min and that 95% < 50 µm is achievable with extended grinding. This suggests that modified grinding techniques can be used to make sample masses ≤ 5 g viable for routine determination of gold in geological samples. We also demonstrate homogenisation of a gold‐bearing copper sulfide mineral flotation concentrate alone and in mixtures with silica by extended grinding at reduced charge masses. To support this work, we develop a convenient new benchmark of gold ore sample preparation performance ‘G’, an apparent maximum gold particle size interpolated from replicate analytical variance in order to overcome the limitations of laborious sieve fraction analysis of gold particle size. We show useful agreement between G and sieve fraction analysis of gold particle size in samples and test the viability of G experimentally and by analysis of literature data.
Appraising risk in active surveillance of localized prostate cancer
Authors: Hogden Anne , Churruca Kate , Rapport Frances , Gillatt David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesMen diagnosed with low‐risk prostate cancer are typically eligible for active surveillance of their cancer, involving monitoring for cancer progression and making judgements about the risks of prostate cancer against those of active intervention. Our study examined how risk for prostate cancer is perceived and experienced by patients undergoing active surveillance with their clinicians, how risk is communicated in clinical consultations, and the implications for treatment and care.MethodParticipants were nine patients and three clinicians from a university hospital urology clinic. A staged, qualitative, multi‐method data collection approach was undertaken, comprising: observations of consultations; patient and clinician interviews; and patient surveys. The three data sets were analysed separately using thematic analysis and then integrated to give a comprehensive view of patient and clinician views.ResultsThirty data points (eight patient surveys; 10 observations of consultations between patients and clinicians; 10 patient interviews; and two clinician interviews) combined to create a detailed picture of how patients perceived and appraised risk, in three themes of “Making sense of risk”, “Talking about risk” and “Responding to risk”.ConclusionEffective risk communication needs to be finely tuned and timed to individual patient's priorities and information requirements. A structured information exchange process that identifies patients' priorities, and details key moments in risk assessment, so that complexities of risk are discussed in ways that are meaningful to patients, may benefit patient care. These findings could inform the development of patient‐centric risk assessment procedures and service delivery models in prostate cancer care more broadly.
To flag or not to flag: Identification of children and young people with learning disabilities in English hospitals
Authors: Kenten Charlotte , Wray Jo , Gibson Faith , Russell Jessica , Tuffrey‐Wijne Irene , Oulton Kate 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren and young people with learning disabilities experience poor health outcomes and lengthier hospital admissions than those without learning disabilities. No consistently applied, systematic approach exists across the NHS to identify and record this population. This paper describes practices in English hospitals to identify children and young people with learning disabilities.MethodInterviews: 65 NHS staff. Questionnaire: 2,261 NHS staff. Conducted across 24 NHS hospitals in England.ResultsNo standardized approach exists to identify children or young people with a learning disability or for this information to be consistently recorded, communicated to relevant parties within a hospital, Trust or across NHS services. Staff reported a reliance on parents to inform them about their child's needs but concerns about “flagging” patients might be a significant barrier.DiscussionWithout an integrated systematic way across the NHS to identify children with learning disabilities, their individual needs will not be identified.
Addition of terpenoids to pear ester plus acetic acid increases catches of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Knight Alan L. , Mujica Valentina , Herrera Sebastian Larsson , Tasin Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractField studies were conducted to evaluate new kairomone blends in combination with pear ester (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (PE) and acetic acid (AA) for their attraction of male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen. The addition of decanal to either AA or PE alone significantly increased total and female moth catches. However, the addition of decanal did not improve the attraction of PE + AA. The addition of either the pyranoid (PyrLOX) or furanoid (FurLOX) linalool oxide but not linalool (LOL) increased moth catches with PE but did not increase catches with PE + AA. Similarly, the addition of PyrLOX plus decanal did not improve PE + AA. The addition of (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) to either AA, PE + AA or PE + AA+decanal did not significantly increase moth catches. However, the addition of PyrLOX to traps with PE + AA and DMNT (4‐component lure) significantly increased moth catches compared with PE + AA alone or any of the ternary blends of these volatiles. Females accounted for 60%–80% of the total catch with this 4‐component lure. The 4‐component blend with PyrLOX was a more attractive lure than similar blends that substituted LOL, or a binary blend of LOL and FurLOX for PyrLOX. The 4‐component blend caught nearly fourfold more total and female moths than the purported attractant N‐butyl sulphide when it was used in combination with PE + AA. These results indicate that significant improvements in monitoring, mating disruption and mass trapping of codling moth are possible. Further studies are needed to assess the new attractive blend's effectiveness in combination with sex pheromone lures and to evaluate whether other host plant volatiles can be added or substitute for DMNT or LOX when used in combination with PE + AA.
Impact of pharmaceutical industry involvement in the external review of clinical practice guidelines—A case study
Authors: Bartelmann Katharina , Gaskins Matthew , Dressler Corinna , Nast Alexander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationale and aimExternal review is important when developing clinical practice guidelines. Involving pharmaceutical companies may influence guideline recommendations in their favour and is therefore controversial. Our study aimed to measure stakeholder participation in the external review of the 2016 European acne guideline and assess the extent to which comments submitted by pharmaceutical companies suggested changes favouring their own products.MethodsRetrospective, partially blinded case study using qualitative analysis of comments submitted during external review.ResultsFour stakeholder groups participated in the review: pharmaceutical company representatives (five out of five invited), professional association members (2/222), journal reviewers (n = 2), and visitors to the project website (n = 1). Of 78 comments submitted, 48 were from company representatives, 24 from journal reviewers, and six from others. Each comment suggested one change to the guideline. Of the comments submitted by companies, 41.7% related to “writing or formatting,” 16.7% to “presentation of results,” 12.5% to “background information for main recommendations,” and 12.5% to the “strength of treatment recommendation”. In 54.2% (26/48) of these comments, a change was suggested that put the companies' own products in a more positive light. Five of these changes were implemented by the guideline authors in the way suggested by the company representatives.ConclusionParticipation of professional societies, patients, and the general public in the external review of the 2016 European acne guideline was unacceptably low. This is in concordance with reports of low participation of these groups in other European dermatology guidelines. While involving the pharmaceutical industry in the review substantially increased the number of comments received, many of these sought changes that would have put companies' own products in a more favourable light. Our findings underscore the need to manage reviewer comments in a robust and transparent fashion. Solutions to encourage participation of all relevant stakeholders are needed.