bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Door-to-Antibiotic Administration Time in Patients With Fever and Suspected Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Al Sudairy Reem , Alzahrani Mohsen , Alkaiyat Mohammad , Alshami Mona , Yaqub Abdullah , Al Fayadh Maha , Al-Surimi Khaled , Jazieh Abdul Rahman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients if not treated promptly. As we were facing considerable delays in the management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenic patients in the Emergency Department (ED), we initiated an improvement project aiming for “door-to-antibiotic time” of 60 minutes or less for all patients with fever and suspected chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was established to work on the project. We used quality improvement tools for mapping the existing patient flow processes of patients with FN in the ED. Several proposed change ideas have been tested using the Model for Improvement. These change ideas include improving the triaging process, creating an electronic “chemotherapy alert caution” and order sets for physicians, and using the hot-line by nurses to call the pharmacy to expedite the process of preparation of antibiotics. Outcome and process measures were collected weekly and they were discussed thoroughly and analyzed by the team. Run charts were used to monitor the progress. Results: After six Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, all process measures improved and ultimately the “door-to-antibiotic time” was achieved by reducing it from 255 minutes to 49 minutes. During project testing and implementation, the nursing staff skills improvement and education were taken into consideration as a balancing measure. Conclusion: In a six-month period, the project led to a timely administration of antibiotics for patients with FN in the ED. This improvement was sustained for more than two years after the project initiation.
An EOQ model for multiple products with varying degrees of substitutability
Authors: Eksler Leonid , Aviram Roei , Elalouf Amir , Kamble Aakash 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the authors present an EOQ model with substitutions between products and a dynamic inventory replenishment policy. Their key assumption is that many products in the market are substitutable at different levels, and that, in most cases, a customer who discovers that a desired product is unavailable will choose to consume a product with similar attributes or functionality, rather than not purchase at all. Therefore, given a firm that stocks multiple substitutable products, the authors assume that a stock out of one product has a direct impact on other products’ demand. The main purpose of our model is to enable inventory managers to develop ordering policies that ensures that, in the event that a specific product runs out and cannot be replenished due to unforeseen circumstances, the consequent increase in demand for related products will not cause further stock out incidents. To this end, the authors introduce a dependency factor, a variable that indicates the level of dependency, or correlation, between one product and another. The dependencies among the various products offered by the firm are embedded into the EOQ formula and assumptions, enabling managers to update their ordering schedules as needed. This approach has the potential to generate more practical and realistic purchasing and inventory optimization policies.
A numerical process study on the rapid transport of stratospheric air down to the surface over western North America and the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Škerlak Bojan , Pfahl Stephan , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Upper-level fronts are often associated with the rapid transport of
stratospheric air along tilted isentropes to the middle or lower troposphere,
where this air leads to significantly enhanced ozone concentrations. These
plumes of originally stratospheric air can only occasionally be observed at
the surface because (i) stable boundary layers prevent an efficient vertical
transport down to the surface, and (ii) even if boundary layer turbulence
were strong enough to enable this transport, the originally stratospheric air
mass can be diluted by mixing, such that only a weak stratospheric signal can
be recorded at the surface. Most documented examples of stratospheric air
reaching the surface occurred in mountainous regions. This study investigates
two such events, using a passive stratospheric air mass tracer in a mesoscale
model to explore the processes that enable the transport down to the surface.
The events occurred in early May 2006 in the Rocky Mountains and in mid-June
2006 on the Tibetan Plateau. In both cases, a tropopause fold associated with
an upper-level front enabled stratospheric air to enter the troposphere. In
our model simulation of the North American case, the strong frontal zone
reaches down to 700 hPa and leads to a fairly direct vertical transport of
the stratospheric tracer along the tilted isentropes to the surface. In the
Tibetan Plateau case, however, no near-surface front exists and a reservoir
of high stratospheric tracer concentrations initially forms at 300–400 hPa,
without further isentropic descent. However, entrainment at the top of the
very deep boundary layer (reaching to 300 hPa over the Tibetan Plateau) and
turbulence within the boundary layer allows for downward transport of
stratospheric air to the surface. Despite the strongly differing dynamical
processes, stratospheric tracer concentrations at the surface reach peak
values of 10 %–20 % of the imposed stratospheric value in both
cases, corroborating the potential of deep stratosphere-to-troposphere
transport events to significantly influence surface ozone concentrations in
these regions.
Regionalization with hierarchical hydrologic similarity and ex situ data in the context of groundwater recharge estimation at ungauged watersheds
Authors: Chang Ching-Fu , Rubin Yoram 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. There are various methods available for annual groundwater recharge
estimation with in situ observations (i.e., observations obtained at the
site/location of interest), but a great number of watersheds around the world
still remain ungauged, i.e., without in situ observations of hydrologic
responses. One approach for making estimates at ungauged watersheds is
regionalization, namely, transferring information obtained at gauged
watersheds to ungauged ones. The reliability of regionalization depends on
(1) the underlying system of hydrologic similarity, i.e., the similarity in
how watersheds respond to precipitation input, as well as (2) the approach by
which information is transferred. In this paper, we present a nested tree-based modeling approach for
conditioning estimates of hydrologic responses at ungauged watersheds on ex
situ data (i.e., data obtained at sites/locations other than the
site/location of interest) while accounting for the uncertainties of the
model parameters as well as the model structure. The approach is then
integrated with a hypothesis of two-leveled hierarchical hydrologic
similarity, where the higher level determines the relative importance of
various watershed characteristics under different conditions and the lower
level performs the regionalization and estimation of the hydrologic response
of interest. We apply the nested tree-based modeling approach to investigate the
complicated relationship between mean annual groundwater recharge and
watershed characteristics in a case study, and apply the hypothesis of
hierarchical hydrologic similarity to explain the behavior of a dynamic
hydrologic similarity system. Our findings reveal the decisive roles of soil
available water content and aridity in hydrologic similarity at the regional
and annual scales, as well as certain conditions under which it is risky to
resort to climate variables for determining hydrologic similarity. These
findings contribute to the understanding of the physical principles governing
robust information transfer.
Moderate Conventionalism and Cultural Appropriation
Authors: Räikkä Juha , Puumala Mikko 
Published: May 2019

Cultural appropriation, also called cultural borrowing, has been the topic of much discussion in recent years. Roughly speaking, cultural appropriation happens when someone outside of a cultural or ethnic group takes or uses some object that is characteristic or in some way important to the group without the group’s permission. Individuals who find cultural appropriation (or borrowing) unproblematic have often argued that if we express moral criticism of the use of traditional Sami outfits by non-Sami, then we are logically committed to criticize all kinds of habits that are clearly acceptable –such as using jeans, eating pizza or drinking tea. However, we will argue that in many cases that objection is problematic. We point out that if one social habit or practice is prohibited (or supported) by existing social conventions but another is not, then there is a convention difference between the cases. The convention difference is in turn a morally relevant difference, or so we aim to show. We refer to “moderate conventionalism,” according to which existing social conventions are morally relevant facts that should be taken into account when choosing how to act, whatever the content of the conventions happens to be. The claim is analogous with the traditional view that laws have some moral relevance and binding force independent of their content.
Keywords: cultural appropriation, conventionalism, moderate conventionalism, convention difference
Differential Object Marking and the properties of D in the dialects of the extreme south of Italy
Authors: Ledgeway Adam , Schifano Norma , Silvestri Giuseppina 
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses two case studies of microvariation in accusative marking in the Italo-Romance varieties of the extreme south of Italy. In particular, the diatopic variation displayed by the dialects of southern Calabria gives rise to peculiar patterns of alternation between presence or absence of the marker a ‘to’ in flagging the accusative. The realisation of accusative case is partially governed by semantic and referential features, i.e. specificity and animacy. In addition, the nature of the realisation of the D head results in a degree of competition between zero marking and analytic accusative marking with a. Given the century-long co-existence of Latin/Romance and Greek in southern Calabria, the relevant morphosyntactic patterns in Case-marking will also be examined from a language contact perspective. We will highlight how the relevant outcomes do not simply involve borrowing mechanisms or template copying from the lending variety but, rather, produce hybrid structures no longer ascribable to a purely Romance or Greek grammar.
Constitutional Norms for All Time?
Authors: Hein Michael 
Published: May 2019

Constitutional Norms for All Time? General Entrenchment Clauses in the History of European Constitutionalism
‘General entrenchment clauses’ are constitutional provisions that make amendments to certain parts of a constitution either more difficult to achieve than ‘normal’ amendments or even impossible, i.e., legally inadmissible. This article examines the origins of these clauses during the American Revolution (1776-77), their migration to the ‘Old World’, and their dissemination and differentiation on the European continent from 1776 until the end of 2015. In particular, the article answers three questions: (1) When, and in which contexts, did general constitutional entrenchment clauses emerge? (2) How have they migrated to and disseminated in Europe? (3) Which constitutional subjects do such clauses protect, and thus, which main functions do they aim to fulfil?
Unamendability and Constitutional Identity in the Italian Constitutional Experience
Authors: Faraguna Pietro 
Published: May 2019

Unamendability and Constitutional Identity in the Italian Constitutional Experience
The article explores the historical roots of the explicit unamendable clause(s) in the Italian Constitution. Following, it explores the scholarly debate over the interpretation of unamendable provisions. The article investigates theories of implicit unamendability of the Italian Constitution, and, in particular, it analyses the crucial role played by the Constitutional Court of Italy (ICC) and the principles that characterize Italian constitutional identity. Furthermore, the article explores the other side of constitutional identity, namely the theory of ‘counterlimits.’ The ICC specified that constitutional identity not only sets a limit to constitutional amendment powers but also sets ‘counterlimits’ to the entry of external norms (i.e., supranational and international law) in the domestic legal system. Finally, the article draws some conclusions and argues that the two sides of constitutional identity, although legally and logically independent, mutually reinforce each other and, ultimately, reinforce the counter-majoritarian nature of unamendability.
Constitutional Narcissism on the Couch of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Santos Botelho Catarina 
Published: May 2019

Constitutional Narcissism on the Couch of Psychoanalysis: Constitutional Unamendability in Portugal and Spain
Comparing the Portuguese Constitution, which has the longest unamendable clause in the world, with the silence of the Spanish Constitution regarding the language of eternity is indeed a fascinating exercise. Each state’s quantum of constitutional change seems to be quite different. One can wonder how two neighbouring states that share a heavy history of right-wing dictatorships and transitioned to democracy forty years ago opted for such dissimilar constitutional designs. However, appearances are often misleading, and an effort should be done to unveil this curious mismatch.Both legal orders suffer from what I call constitutional narcissism, which manifests itself through the urge to perpetuate the foundational constitutional moment. Unamendable clauses (Portugal) and quasi-unamendable clauses (Spain) recast one of constitutional theory’s inner paradoxes: Can the constituent power of the people be petrified in one historical constituent decision and constrain future democratic transitions? And what if a volatile contemporary majority seeks to undermine the democratic process and run against the constitutional DNA achievements of the last centuries?Even if the original version of the Portuguese Constitution prohibited several provisions from ever being amended, some of these provisions were indeed modified or removed in the 1989 constitutional amendment process. This occurred without major disagreement from the political organs, scholars, or the judiciary. Therefore, the vexata quaestio remains unanswered: Given their obsolescence or hindrance towards good governance, should entrenchment clauses be eliminated de jure (through a channelled constitutional amendment process, such as the double amendment procedure) or de facto (through a revolutionary process materialized outside of the constitutional framework)?
Intergenerationele overdracht en criminele families: introductie
Authors: van de Weijer Steve , Spapens Toine 
Published: May 2019

Intergenerational transmission and criminal families: introduction
In this introductory chapter we provide an overview of criminological research into intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour that currently is, and has been, conducted both internationally and in the Netherlands. The most important findings of these studies are also discussed. Next, possible explanations are discussed for intergenerational transmission of crime in general, and more particularly for families that are involved in more serious and organized crime. Moreover, possible ways in which intergenerational transmission of crime can be prevented are discussed. Finally, we give some directions for future research on this topic and will introduce the contributions to this special issue.
Crimineel gedrag over de levensloop én over generaties: de rol van het gezin
Authors: Eichelsheim Veroni 
Published: May 2019

Criminal behavior across the life-course and generations: the role of family functioning
In criminology, explanations for engagement in externalizing or criminal behavior are often found within the direct (social) environment of the individual. More specifically, family functioning, the quality of family relations and parenting strategies during childhood and adolescence are found to be related to the development of externalizing problems or criminal behavior over the life-course. Although less well studied, the opposite might also be true: externalizing problems or delinquency during childhood and adolescence may in turn also affect some important (family-related) transitions over the life-course, such as engagement in romantic relationships, the transition to parenthood, parenting strategies and broader family functioning. Not surprisingly, in life-course criminology there is increasing attention for familial similarities in externalizing and delinquent behavior. What underlies intergenerational continuity of criminal behavior? Under which circumstances behavior is continued over the course of generations? What is the role of the family? What is needed to break intergenerational cycles and facilitate earlier and more effective interventions? In this article, a literature review is provided on the role of the family in intergenerational continuity of externalizing or criminal behavior over the life-course and across generations.
The Roman bondage number of a digraph
Authors: Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud , Dehgardi Nasrin , Volkmann Lutz , Meierling Dirk 
Published: May 2019

Let $D=(V,A)$ be a finite and simple digraph. A Roman dominating function on $D$ is a labeling $f:V (D)\rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ such that every vertex with label 0 has an in-neighbor with label 2. The weight of an RDF $f$ is the value $\omega(f)=\sum_{v\in V}f (v)$. The minimum weight of a Roman dominating function on a digraph $D$ is called the Roman domination number, denoted by $\gamma_{R}(D)$. The Roman bondage number $b_{R}(D)$ of a digraph $D$ with maximum out-degree at least two is the minimum cardinality of all sets $A'\subseteq A$ for which $\gamma_{R}(D-A')>\gamma_R(D)$. In this paper, we initiate the study of the Roman bondage number of a digraph. We determine the Roman bondage number in several classes of digraphs and give some sharp bounds.
Matris Normları ile Bir Matris Oyununun Adilliğinin Gösterilmesi
Authors: İzgi Burhaneddin , Özkaya Murat 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, matris
oyunlarını çözmek ve bu tür oyunları kurmak için literatüre yeni kazandırılmış
ve yalnızca getiri matrisinin matris normlarından oluşan bir yöntemi kullanarak
herhangi bir matris oyununun adil bir oyun olup olmadığını belirlemeyi
hedefledik. Bunu yapmak için Taş-Kağıt-Makas oyununun genişletilmiş bir
versiyonu olan Taş-Kağıt-Makas-Kertenkele-Spock
(Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock) oyununu ana örnek olarak kullandık.
Öncelikle oyunun gerçek sonucunu görmek için ilgili oyunu literatürde bilenen
yöntemleri kullanarak çözdük. Daha sonra, herhangi bir lineer sistem
çözmeksizin, sadece getiri matrisinin $1$ ve $\infty$ normlarını kullanarak, bu oyunun adil bir oyun
olup olmadığını detaylı bir şekilde farklı senaryolar altında yeni yöntemi kullanarak
inceledik. Bunların yanı sıra, kare getiri matrisine sahip oyunların adil olup
olmadığı çok daha hızlı bir şekilde gösterecek, getiri matrisinin
determinantını içeren yeni bir teorem sunduk ve ispatladık. Son olarak
sunduğumuz yeni teoremin uygulamalarını Taş-Kağıt-Makas-Kertenkele-Spock ve
örnek olarak ele aldığımız diğer matris oyunları için de yaparak hızlı bir
şekilde sonuçların elde edilebileceğini gösterdik.
Reducing the grain density in semipolar (11-22) AlGaN surfaces on m-plane sapphire substrates
Authors: Foronda Humberto Miguel , Graupeter Sarina , Mehnke Frank , Enslin Johannes , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The growth mechanisms during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (11-22) oriented Al
x
Ga1-x
N with x ∼ 0.80 on m-plane sapphire are studied with the intention of mitigating the expansion of misoriented grains, composed of the (1-10-3) crystal orientation and achieving a flat surface with only the (11-22) orientation. An increase in reactor pressure, metalorganic supply, and V/III ratio led to a decrease in the grain density from 1.0 × 109 cm−2 to 1.5 × 107 cm−2. By comparing different growth regimes, we found that the main factor suppressing the growth of the (1-10-3) orientation and decreasing the grain density in the AlGaN layers is the growth rate, which decreased with increasing reactor pressure, MO supply, and V/III ratio due to increasing pre-reactions in the gas phase. To mitigate pre-reactions even with lower growth rates, growth conditions with higher total flow and lower TMAl flow were chosen, yielding low growth rates of 0.13 μm h−1 and a grain density of 3.0 × 107 cm−2 at an aluminum mole fraction of 84%. To allow the growth of thick LED heterostructures we demonstrated that such a buffer can be overgrown with higher growth rate AlGaN, yielding a low grain density of 1.0 × 106 cm−2 and a smooth morphology with a rms roughness of 2.5 nm by avoiding misoriented crystal propagation during nucleation.
Cmah deficiency may lead to age-related hearing loss by influencing miRNA-PPAR mediated signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Juhong , Wang Na , Xu Anting 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundPrevious evidence has indicated CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah) disruption inducesaging-related hearing loss (AHL). However, its function mechanisms remain unclear. This study was to explore the mechanisms of AHL by using microarray analysis in the Cmah deficiency animal model.MethodsMicroarray dataset GSE70659 was available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including cochlear tissues from wild-type and Cmah-null C57BL/6J mice with old age (12 months,n = 3). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using data from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database followed by module analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The upstream miRNAs and potential small-molecule drugs were predicted by miRwalk2.0 and Connectivity Map, respectively.ResultsA total of 799 DEGs (449 upregulated and 350 downregulated) were identified. Upregulated DEGs were involved in Cell adhesion molecules (ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (FOS, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene; ICAM1), while downregulated DEGs participated in PPAR signaling pathway (PPARG, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma). A PPI network was constructed, in which FOS, ICAM1 and PPARG were ranked as hub genes and PPARG was a transcription factor to regulate other target genes (ICAM1, FOS). Function analysis of two significant modules further demonstrated PPAR signaling pathway was especially important. Furthermore, mmu-miR-130b-3p, mmu-miR-27a-3p, mmu-miR-27b-3p and mmu-miR-721 were predicted to regulate PPARG. Topiramate were speculated to be a potential small-molecule drug to reverse DEGs in AHL.ConclusionsPPAR mediated signaling pathway may be an important mechanism for AHL. Downregulation of the above miRNAs and use of topiramate may be potential treatment strategies for ALH by upregulating PPARG.