bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H2A.Z-dependent and -independent recruitment of metabolic enzymes to chromatin required for histone modifications
Authors: Choi Sujung , Jeon Yong Heui , Yang Zhi , He Minzhen , Shin Hyewon , Pfleger Jessica , Sayed Danish , Astrof Sophie , Abdellatif Maha 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTH2A.Z plays a fundamental role in the regulation of transcription and epigenetics, however, the mechanisms that underlie its functions are not fully understood. Using rapid chromatin immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we uncovered the association of H2A.Z-bound chromatin with an array of tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta-oxidation enzymes in the mouse heart. Recombinant green florescence fusion proteins combined with mutations of putative nuclear localization signals of select enzymes, including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 confirmed their nuclear localization and chromatin binding in both rodent and human cells. Conclusively, chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing, confirmed the selective association of ACAA2 and OGDH with H2A.Z-occupied transcription start sites. Finally, human H2A.Z-deficient HAP1 cells exhibited reduced chromatin-bound metabolic enzymes, with the exception of pyruvate dehydrogenase, accompanied with reduced posttranslational histone modifications. Thus, the data show that metabolic enzymes are recruited to active promoters for potential site-directed epigenetic modifications.
Metabolic basis of brain-like electrical signalling in bacterial communities
Authors: Martinez-Corral Rosa , Liu Jintao , Prindle Arthur , Süel Gürol M. , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInformation processing in the mammalian brain relies on a careful regulation of the mem-brane potential dynamics of its constituent neurons, which propagates across the neuronal tissue via electrical signalling. We recently reported the existence of electrical signalling in a much simpler organism, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. In dense bacterial communi-ties known as biofilms, nutrient-deprived B. subtilis cells in the interior of the colony use electrical communication to transmit stress signals to the periphery, which interfere with the growth of peripheral cells and reduce nutrient consumption, thereby relieving stress from the interior. Here we explicitly address the interplay between metabolism and elec-trophysiology in bacterial biofilms, by introducing a spatially-extended mathematical model that combines the metabolic and electrical components of the phenomenon in a discretised reaction-diffusion scheme. The model is experimentally validated by environmental and ge-netic perturbations, and confirms that metabolic stress is transmitted through the bacterial population via a potassium wave. Interestingly, this behaviour is reminiscent of cortical spreading depression in the brain, characterised by a wave of electrical activity mediated by potassium diffusion that has been linked to various neurological disorders, calling for future studies on the evolutionary link between the two phenomena.
Hospital use of antibiotics as the main driver of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria – a reanalysis of recent data from the European Union
Authors: Fischer Matthias M. , Bild Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in bacteria causes significant morbidity worldwide. The development and acquisition of resistance to antibiotics is believed to primarily develop under the selective pressure of widespread antibiotic use in humans, however antimicrobial usage in livestock has been proposed as additional, if not principal, driver of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we correlate recent data from the European Union on antibiotic resistance rates with data on antibiotic usage in the primary care and hospital sector and data on veterinary antimicrobial consumption across the individual member states. We quantify the strength of these different potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in order to compare their biological importance. We found that the correlation between antibiotic use in the hospital sector and antibiotic resistance rates is significantly higher than the correlation between resistance rates and any of the other two predictors. This suggests increased antibiotic use in hospitals as the main driver of the development of antibiotic resistances and necessitates further research on and a re-evaluation of the risks associated with antibiotic use in human and veterinary medicine.
Parkin-mediated ubiquitination contributes to the constitutive turnover of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)
Authors: Lee Laura , Seager Richard , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Henley Jeremy M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mitochondrial Fission Factor (Mff) plays a key role in both physiological and pathological fission. It is well established that in stressed or functionally impaired mitochondria the PINK1 recruits the ubiquitin ligase Parkin which ubiquitinates Mff to facilitate the removal of defective mitochondria and maintain the integrity mitochondrial network. Here we show that, in addition to this clearance pathway, Parkin also ubiquitinates Mff in a PINK1-dependent manner under basal, non-stressed conditions to regulate constitutive Mff turnover. We further show that removing Parkin with shRNA knockdown does not completely prevent Mff ubiquitination under these conditions indicating that at least one other ubiquitin ligase contributes to Mff proteostasis. These data demonstrate that Parkin plays a role in physiological maintenance of mitochondrial membrane protein composition in healthy mitochondria through constitutive low-level activation.
Application of seaweed organic components increases tolerance to Fe deficiency in tomato plants
Authors: Carrasco-Gil Sandra , Allende-Montalbán Raúl , Hernández-Apaolaza Lourdes , Lucena Juan José 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe beneficial effects of seaweed extracts have been related to plant growth regulators present in seaweeds. However, algae extracts comprise other organic compounds such as phenols, mannitol, alginates, laminarins and fucoidans that may have a relevant role regarding abiotic stress tolerance due to Fe deficiency. Therefore, we evaluated the individual effect of these organic compounds on the mitigation of Fe deficiency applying a range of concentrations (x1/10, x1, x10) in agar Petri dishes (in tomato seeds) and in the nutrient solution of a hydroponic system (tomato plants). Germination and plant growth promotion, root morphology, chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity were determined. Results showed that the lowest concentration x1/10 and phenolics, laminarin and fucose compounds contributed to increase the tolerance to Fe deficiency in tomato plants.
Future sea-level rise drives rocky intertidal habitat loss and benthic community change
Authors: Kaplanis Nikolas J. , Edwards Clinton B. , Eynaud Yoan , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRocky intertidal ecosystems may be particularly susceptible to sea-level rise impacts but few studies have explored community scale response to future sea-level scenarios. Combining remote-sensing with large-area imaging, we quantify habitat extent and describe biological community structure at two rocky intertidal study locations in California. We then estimate changes in habitat area and community composition under a range of sea-level rise scenarios using a model-based approach. Our results suggest that future sea-level rise will significantly reduce rocky intertidal area at our study locations, leading to an overall decrease in benthic habitat and a reduction in overall invertebrate abundances, but increased densities of certain taxa. These results suggest that sea-level rise may fundamentally alter the structure and function of rocky intertidal systems. As large scale environmental changes such as sea-level rise accelerate in the next century, more extensive spatially-explicit monitoring at ecologically relevant scales will be needed to visualize and quantify the impacts to biological systems.
Serologic evidence of seasonal influenza A and B viruses in HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Anjorin AbdulAzeez A. , Adepoju Barakat A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigated serologic evidence of seasonal influenza A and B, and the possibility of their co-infection in HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Lagos, Nigeria. A prospective cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 174 HIV positive patients were bled by venipuncture after filling structured questionnaire at the APIN-LUTH clinic, from August to September, 2018. Clear sera were analysed for the detection and quantitative determination of immunoglobulin M specific antibodies to seasonal influenza A subtypes-H1N1 and H3N2, and influenza B by Enzyme Immunoassay (Demeditec, Germany). Results were analysed with Chi-square at 95 % confidence interval. Demographic characteristics showed median age of 44 (mean 45.1, mode 40, range: 18-74) years. Out of the 174 HIV positive patients, 39.7 % (69/174) were seropositive for influenza A and/or B viruses with 58/69 (84.1 %) being positive for influenza A, 11/69 (16 %) for influenza B, and 9/69 (13.4 %) co-infection of influenza A and B. Of the 69 influenza-seropositive patients, age group 41‒ 50 had the highest seroprevalence of 39.1 % (27/69). Females recorded the highest seropositivity of 65.2 % (45/69). Eighty eight (88) % (61/ 69) were on fixed dose cART while 74 % (51/69) were virologically suppressed with HIV RNA < 400 copies/ml. In addition, 2/69 (2.9 %) were positive for HbsAg. Out of the 19/69 (27.5 %) immunocompromised patients (CD4 < 400 cells/mm3), 4/19 (21.1 %) were severely immunosuppressed (CD4 < 200 cells/mm3). This study revealed serologic evidence of recent circulation of wild influenza A and B viruses in highly suppressed HIV RNA patients on cART. Nonetheless, co-infection with HbsAg and immunocompromised state may further predispose them to serious influenza life threatening complications. Strong advocacy on the need to reduce risk of exposure to influenza, and provision of influenza vaccine in Nigeria are recommended to prevent such complications.
Genetic basis of plasticity for forage quality traits in response to water deficit in a diverse germplasm panel of alfalfa
Authors: Yu Long-Xi , Boge Bill , Hu Jinguo , Fransen Steven , Norberg Steven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlant phenotypic plasticity is the ability of plants to express different phenotypes in response to environmental variations. Genetic bases by which phenotypic plasticity affects plant adaptation to environmental change remain largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized 26 forage quality traits in a panel of alfalfa 198 accessions in a field trial under water deficit gradient. The regression analysis revealed that the values of fiber-related traits decreased, while those among energy-related traits increased, as water deficit increased. Genetic loci for forage quality traits were investigated by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) under different levels of water deficit. Genetic loci associated with forage quality traits were identified and compared. Similar regions were found between energy-related traits when grand means were used for GWAS. Most of the associated markers were identified under water deficit, suggesting genetic mechanisms for forage quality traits were differ between well-watered and water stressed plants. Although GWAS on forage quality have been reported, we are the first to address the genetic factors for forage quality traits under water deficit in autotetraploid alfalfa. The information gained from the present study will be useful for the genetic improvement of alfalfa with enhanced drought/salt tolerance while maintaining forage quality.
Differences in conventional and seniors-oriented apartment management
Authors: Ewen Heidi H. , Carswell Andrew 
Published: February 2019

PurposeFrom the consumer side, this paper aims to highlight some of the various characteristics that older renters seek out from their apartment buildings, relative to conventional multifamily residential buildings and, from the operational side, to examine some of the costs involved in daily operation of such buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe Rental Housing Finance Survey provides data that enables scholars to test empirical differences in amenities and costs between senior-oriented communities and other apartment buildings.FindingsOccupancy rates outpace the rate for all other apartment communities. Regarding amenities, senior apartment communities are more likely than other communities to have a fitness center on premises, but less likely to have a swimming pool. Market value for senior properties is usually less than properties marketed toward multi-family property tenants. This difference may be due to a higher pattern of both operating/capital expenses within senior communities. Part of these increases in operating costs is due to a higher propensity to hire professional management companies and a higher fee for managing senior apartment communities.Originality/valueLiterature on seniors living within apartment communities is somewhat sparse, particularly regarding the operational aspects of managing apartment communities. There is a dearth of information on industry success measurements known as operating and capital expenditures. This study triangulates multiple sources of data to investigate differences in cost of senior housing apartment communities, as well as amenity structures.
Technology in problem-based learning: helpful or hindrance?
Authors: Fukuzawa Sherry , Cahn Joel 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between student motivation and technology in the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL) in a technologically enhanced active learning classroom (ALC).Design/methodology/approachPBL was implemented in an undergraduate course in human osteology (n=49) at a large Canadian University. Numerous activities using the ALC technology were conducted to engage students in self-directed active learning. Students wrote critical self-reflections at the beginning of the course and with each PBL report. They completed a survey at the end of the course using a Likert scale that included written comments on their motivation toward different uses of technology.FindingsStudents generally had high motivation toward PBL at the end of the course. Their evaluation of the technology to support PBL was dependent on the activity. Students (88 percent) appreciated the use of an overhead camera to visualize anatomical elements, and short problem-solving exercises using the whiteboard but they negatively evaluated the real-time projection of PBL sessions through a discussion board (52 percent). Almost half of the class (43 percent) felt that technology was a hindrance to their learning process in PBL.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the complex relationship between student motivation toward active learning, the learning environment, and technology. Instructors and students influence the learning environment through their conceptions of effective teaching. According to this framework, technology should be implemented not only according to the teaching method, but consider teaching conceptions and the learning environment.
Connecting the silos
Authors: Rasmussen Pennington Diane , Cagnazzo Laura 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how information professionals in Scotland and in European national libraries perceive linked data (LD) as well as if and how they are implementing it.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied four data collection techniques: a literature review, semi-structured interviews (n=15), online resources analysis (n=26) and an online survey (n=113). They used constant comparative analysis to identify perceived benefits and challenges of LD implementation, reasons behind adoption or non-adoption of LD and the issues hindering its implementation in libraries.FindingsSome projects demonstrate LD’s potential to augment the visibility and discoverability of library data, alongside with overcoming linguistic barriers, and supporting interoperability. However, a strong need remains to demonstrate the Semantic Web’s potential within libraries. Participants identified lack of expertise and lack of resources/time/staff as implementation barriers. Several other issues remain unsolved, such as licensing constraints, as well as difficulties with obtaining management buy-in for LD initiatives, even where open data are government-mandated.Practical implicationsInformation professionals and vendors should collaborate to develop tools for implementation. Advocacy through disseminating and reviewing successful implementations can help to solve practical difficulties and to obtain management buy-in.Originality/valueThis is the first known study to present a multinational, comprehensive picture of library LD implementations and associated librarians’ perceptions of LD.
Psychological climate predicting job insecurity through occupational self-efficacy
Authors: Tomas Jasmina , Maslić Seršić Darja , De Witte Hans 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesized mediation model that specifies psychological climate dimensions as antecedents of job insecurity, while accounting for occupational self-efficacy. Stemming from the conservation of resources theory, the authors hypothesize that job challenge, role harmony, leader support and co-worker cooperation negatively relate to job insecurity due to its positive correlation with occupational self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected with a sample of 329 white-collar employees from the ICT sector who were employed full-time and for a period of at least six months in their current organization. All hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling using the bootstrap method to test the significance of indirect effects.FindingsAmong the four work environment domains, only job challenge had a significant contribution in explaining job insecurity variance. This relationship was fully mediated by occupational self-efficacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional research design limits the ability to make causality inferences, while the convenience sampling method limits the generalizability of findings.Practical implicationsThe study results indicate that well-designed (i.e. challenging, autonomous and important) job tasks may be advantageous in organizational interventions aimed at reducing job insecurity due to their potential to strengthen employees’ efficacy beliefs.Originality/valueThe study results contribute to current knowledge regarding the relative importance of work environment antecedents of job insecurity, as well as the prominent role played by occupational self-efficacy in explaining some of these relationships.
The ride-along: a journey in qualitative research
Authors: Wegerif Marc C.A. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show why and how the “ride-along” can add great value to qualitative research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is primarily based on ethnographic research into food systems that the author carried out in Tanzania and draws on other research experience and existing literature on the “go-along” and “walk-along”.FindingsTransport choices are made in all social science research and therefore deserve greater attention in research design. Transport will influence how the researcher is perceived and what they will experience and find. The ride-along, when done well, minimises the risks and adds value to qualitative research.Practical implicationsResearchers need to be reflexive about transport choices and give them greater consideration in research design and practice. The examples from field experience and the considerations identified in this paper will assist researchers and their supervisors in this process.Originality/valueDespite the ubiquity of mobility in social science research, there is surprisingly little literature on the subject, especially related to the use of different modes of transport. The originality is in elaborating the importance of the ride-along and the value is in the clearly identified lessons for qualitative research methodology teaching and practice.
Study on the full‐waveform inversion strategy for 3D elastic orthorhombic anisotropic media: application to ocean bottom cable data
Authors: Oh Ju‐Won , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe multi‐parameter full waveform inversion is an essential tool to estimate subsurface anisotropic properties in a reservoir that may have complex geological behaviour requiring an elastic orthorhombic medium description. For such elastic orthorhombic media, finding a proper inversion strategy to mitigate parameter trade‐off and reduce the Null space is crucial considering the large number of parameters describing the medium. We apply our recently developed strategy for orthorhombic medium inversion on synthetic and real ocean bottom cable data, and find the most efficient inversion strategy. At first, we analyse the trade‐off patterns in three elastic orthorhombic parameterizations for a hockey‐puck‐shaped model. We, then, compare the performance of these orthorhombic parameterizations on a 3D synthetic ocean bottom cable data, which are obtained from a channel‐shaped model. By interpreting the inverted models based on analytic radiation patterns of the nine elastic orthorhombic parameters in each parameterization, we observe that parameterizations, which have one P‐wave velocity, one S‐wave velocity and seven dimensionless parameters, can be optimal to recover subsurface isotropic properties in the early stages of inversion. Then, we show that the choice of three anisotropic parameters and their deviations along the horizontal plane helps us mitigate the complexity of the multi‐parameter inversion by decoupling anisotropic features, which have vertical and horizontal symmetric axes, respectively. This decoupling of isotropic and anisotropic properties enables us to perform the multi‐parameter anisotropic inversion in a multi‐stage manner. In addition, for the marine acquisition, we show that the number of parameters can be reduced from 9 to 4, which makes the multi‐parameter inversion more practical. Finally, we apply the elastic orthorhombic inversion to real ocean bottom cable data.
All ecological models are wrong, but some are useful
Authors: Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In Focus: Curtsdotter, A., Banks, H. T., Banks, J. E., Jonsson, M., Jonsson, T., Laubmeier, A. N., … Bommarco, R. (2019). . Journal of Animal Ecology, 88, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12892
Species’ population dynamics are influenced by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors. Curtsdotter et al. (2019) used a food web model to investigate the role of predator–prey interactions in the population dynamics of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Their analysis hinged on linking the observed population dynamics to a mathematical description of the multi‐species system via inverse methods—an approach less utilized in ecology but that allows one to search a wide space of possible parameterizations and identify best‐fit model parameters. By scrutinizing the fit of this model to observed aphid population dynamics in 10 separate barley fields, they identified fields in which predation was the key driving force; in others, they found that accurate predictions depended on the existence of an unpredictable and unidentified extrinsic driver of aphid mortality. By scrutinizing areas where the model gave poor or biologically counterintuitive fits, their study provides a path forward to better link ecological theory to ecosystem function.