bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the use of an adhesive connection on the joint strength of modular hip endoprostheses
Authors: Einfeldt Ann-Kathrin , Legutko Beate , Pott Philipp-Cornelius , Bergmann Benjamin , Denkena Berend , Hurschler Christof , Welke Bastian 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Modular hip implants enables a more precise adaptation of the prosthesis to the patient’s anatomy. However, they also carry the risk of increased revision rates due to micromotion at the taper junction. In order to minimize this risk, one potential solution is to establish an adhesive bond between the metal taper junctions. Load-stable bonding techniques, already successfully employed in dentistry for connecting materials such as metals and ceramics or different alloys, offer a promising approach. Nevertheless, the bond strength of tapered adhesive bonds in modular hip implants has not been investigated to date.

Materials and methods
Twenty-eight tapered junctions, consisting of a taper (female taper) and a trunnion (male taper) were turned using TiAl6V4 ELI (n = 16) and CoCr28Mo6 (n = 12). The process parameters cutting speed (vc = 50 m/min or 100 m/min) and feed (f = 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm or 0.2 mm) were varied for the trunnions. For each set of process parameters, one trunnion and one taper were additionally subjected to sandblasting. To investigate the effect of geometry, angular mismatch in the samples were measured. The taper pairs were bonded with a biocompatible adhesive, and push-out tests were subsequently performed.

Results
The push-out forces generated from the taper connections where both tapers were sandblasted showed a mean push-out force of 5.70 kN. For the samples with only the trunnion sandblasted, the mean force was 0.58 kN, while for the samples with only taper sandblasted the mean push-out force was 1.32 kN. When neither of the tapers was sandblasted the mean push-out force was 0.91 kN. No significant effect of the process parameters on the push-out force was observed. Only the reduced valley depth Svk showed a slight correlation for the CoCr28Mo6 samples (R2 = 0.54). The taper pairs with taper mismatch (between trunnion and taper) greater than |0.1°| did not show lower push-out forces than the specimens with lower taper mismatch.

Conclusions
Sandblasted and adhesive-bonded tapered connections represent a viable suitable alternative for modular hip implant connections. Slight differences in taper geometry do not result in reduced push-out forces and are compensated by the adhesive. In mechanically joined tapers these differences can lead to higher wear rates. Further investigation under realistic test conditions is necessary to assess long-term suitability.
Molecular mechanism of androgen receptor mutation in multigenerational mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Pandher Ravind , Chang Ruby , Chang Yiqun , Hibbs David E , Du Jonathan J , McGrath Kristine , Heather Alison , Jayadev Veena , Handelsman David J 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveAndrogen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) due to androgen receptor (AR) mutations creates a spectrum of clinical presentations based on residual AR function with the mildest impairment creating mild AIS (MAIS) whose undefined molecular mechanism and subtle clinical features leave it less understood and underdiagnosed.DesignIn silico modeling and in vitro androgen bioassay of the mutated AR are used to identify its structural and physiological mechanism. Clinical features and responses to high-dose testosterone treatment of three cases of MAIS across a six-generation family pedigree are described.MethodsStructural and dynamic in silico molecular modeling and in vitro yeast-based androgen bioassays of the mutant AR are employed. Three cases of MAIS with consistent (gynecomastia and micropenis) and variable (infertility) clinical features across generations are reported, and the effects of high-dose testosterone treatment are studied.ResultsThe missense AR exon 8 mutation (nucleotide aga → gga, p.R872G arginine to glycine), known to cause an increased ligand dissociation rate in mutant AR in binding assays, was analyzed. Modeling shows that the mutation weakens the closure energy of the ‘lid’ of the ligand-binding pocket, allowing easier ligand dissociation from the binding site but with unimpaired in vitro androgen bioactivity. High-dose testosterone treatment for 3 years in one young man caused increased virilization and height growth but was ineffective for treating micropenis. Genetic counseling allowed effective prediction of MAIS risks in progeny for carrier and noncarrier sisters.ConclusionsThe differential diagnosis and clinical management of MAIS is reviewed. The novel molecular mechanism of an AR ligand-binding domain mutation in MAIS may be present in other cases of MAIS.
It’s More Complicated Than Interpreter Use: Improving Care for Non–English-Speaking Families
Authors: Ulicny Ann Kennon , Carpenter Ariel , Mertens Elizabeth O. , Rajbhandari Prabi , Sharma Meenu , Shaughnessy Erin E. , Tong Ching Man Carmen , Molina Adolfo 
Published: November 2024

Mateo is a 2-week-old male who presented for evaluation of neonatal fever and whose parents speak Spanish. Workup revealed pyelonephritis, underlying renal anomalies, and vesicoureteral reflux. A complex interplay of individual and contextual factors contributed to Mateo not receiving prophylactic antibiotics, which ultimately led to a potentially preventable subsequent admission for sepsis secondary to Escherichia coli pyelonephritis with bacteremia. Further history revealed additional communication breakdown; despite multiple appointments between hospitalizations, systems issues led to Mateo’s primary care provider being unaware of Mateo’s admissions or urologic diagnoses.
This case demonstrates challenges facing health care providers as we strive to provide equitable care to families speaking languages other than English (LOE). Although an in-person interpreter was used throughout Mateo’s hospitalization, there were still key areas of communication breakdown and opportunities for improvement. First, we describe characteristics of the growing population speaking LOE in the United States and discuss qualitative and quantitative disparities in health care encounters for this population. Through Mateo’s experience, we highlight the transition of care at discharge as being highly vulnerable to communication breakdown, particularly for patients speaking LOE, and emphasize the additional impact of low health literacy on these challenges. Finally, we outline potential strategies to reduce disparities and improve outcomes for pediatric patients and families speaking LOE, focusing on (1) consistent and evidence-based interpreter use, (2) incorporation of health literacy–informed communication strategies in the discharge process, (3) reducing barriers to follow-up appointments or diagnostic testing, and (4) closed-loop communication with the patient’s primary care provider.
ANALISIS NEKROMASSA BERDASARKAN INDEKS VEGETASI DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
Authors: Ariansyah Muhammad Indra , Jauhari Ahmad , Syam'ani Syam'ani 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to calculate the correlation of the potential of restless necromass with vegetation index and estimate restless necromass with greenness index using Landsat 9 imagery in the KHDTK area. The data used in this study is in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data used are remote sensing data in the form of the latest Landsat 9 imagery and field observation data. Field conservation data is the bottom carbon (litter necromass) which includes total weight, wet weight, and dry weight in each sampling plot. While secondary data are obtained based on literature studies. Then perform correlation analysis, regression analysis, and accuracy tests. The results of this study showed that based on 35 samples, research data was taken around 28 samples to be a reference in modeling. The results of a single regression correlation between the vegetation index value and the dry weight of the necromass were obtained a correlation value of 0.60 and an RMSE value of 12.56 obtained from the average dry weight of the necromass of 28 samples whose average number of necromass dry weight was 106.59. This means that this modeling value has a slight error difference, so that this correlation modeling can be used as a reference to measure and map the magnitude of the distribution of restless necromass.Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung korelasi potensi nekromassa seresah dengan indeks vegetasi dan Mengestimasi nekromassa seresah dengan indeks kehijauan menggunakan citra Landsat 9 pada areal KHDTK. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer yang digunakan yaitu data pengindraan jauh berupa Citra Landsat 9 terbaru dan data hasil observasi lapangan. Data obeservasi lapangan yaitu yaitu karbon bawah (nekromassa seresah) yang meliputi berat total, berat basah, dan berat kering dalam setiap plot sampling. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh berdasarkan studi kepustakaan. Kemudian malakukan analisis korelasi, analisis regresi, dan uji akurasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Berdasarkan 35 jumlah sampel data penelitian diambil sekitar 28 sampel untuk menjadi acuan dalam pemodelan. Adapun hasil korelasi regresi tunggal antara nilai indeks vegetasi dengan berat kering nekromassa seresah yaitu mendapatkan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,60 dan nilai RMSE sebesar 12,56 yang didapatkan dari rata rata Berat Kering nekromassa yang berjumlah 28 sampel yang jumlah rata rata Berat Kering Nekromassa sebesar 106,59. Artinya nilai pemodelan ini memiliki selisih kesalahan yang sedikit, sehingga pemodelan korelasi ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mengukur dan memetakan besar sebaran nekromassa seresah.
Changes in Vegetation Distribution around the King Sejong Station in Antarctica: A Comprehensive Analysis of Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Data, Meteorological Data, and Vegetation Data
Authors: Kim Kwansoo , Lee Eungsang , Ju Hyeontae , Lee Joohan , Kim Won-Ki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The impact of buildings around the King Sejong Station (KSS), South Korea’s first scientific station in Antarctica, has locally altered snowfall accumulation and vegetation distribution. Areas with high snowfall accumulation exhibited sparse vegetation, whereas areas with low snowfall showed distinct vegetation. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using various data sources to understand the causes of changes in vegetation distribution. Meteorological data, including air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, and wind, were analyzed to determine the impact of station buildings on snow cover changes. The changes in vegetation distribution were more clearly visible through results of measured Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Additionally, time-lapse electrical resistivity data were collected throughout 2020 to analyze variations in the subsurface electrical resistivity distribution. Electrical resistivity surveys utilized both dipole–dipole and Wenner arrays to gather data, with subsurface electrical resistivity information obtained through inversion process. The active layer, which is characterized by low electrical resistivity and is conducive to vegetation growth, is distributed in the upper layers and changes over time, only in vegetated area. In contrast, the development of the active layer was not observed in nonvegetated area. In conclusion, the time-lapse electrical resistivity data effectively reveal the temporal changes in the distribution of the active layer in the study area. When the electrical resistivity data were interpreted in conjunction with meteorological data, it provided a good understanding of the causes of changes in the distribution of vegetation around the KSS.
Different trend of muscle wasting extracted from computed tomography in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Shengqi , Wang Meiping , Jiang Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The trend of muscle wasting in patients with acute severe and moderately severe pancreatitis (AP) remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the trend of skeletal muscle area (SMA) changes and its impact on patients with severe and moderately severe AP.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with AP who had repeated CT scans after intensive care unit (ICU) admission were included. The patients were categorized into moderately severe AP or severe AP groups. The generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to analyze the SMA trajectories.
Results: A total of 126 patients were included. The patients in the severe AP group had rapid muscle wasting during the first 3 weeks following ICU admission and the SMA in the severe AP group decreased by 0.5 cm2 (95% CI: -0.8 to -0.3) every day in the GAMM model, compared to the moderately severe AP group. A larger change in the SMA during the first 10 days after admission was significantly associated with prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) (β = -0.205, P= 0.036).
Conclusions: Patients with severe AP experienced more muscle wasting during the first 3 weeks after ICU admission. A larger reduction in the SMA was associated with prolonged LOS.
Advances in knowledge: Different patterns of muscle wasting were present in the moderately severe and severe AP patients, which might be associated with LOS.
Revolutionizing Radiotherapy: Gold Nanoparticles with Polyphenol Coating as Novel Enhancers in Breast Cancer Cells – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tarantino Simona , Bianco Annalisa , Cascione Mariafrancesca , Carlà Alessandra , Fiamà Lia , Corato Riccardo Di , Giotta Livia , Pellegrino Paolo , Caricato Anna Paola , Rinaldi Rosaria , De Matteis Valeria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with over 1 million new cases and around 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. This makes it a significant and costly global health challenge. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often used after mastectomy, show varying effectiveness based on the cancer subtype. Combining these treatments can improve outcomes, though radiotherapy faces limitations such as radiation resistance and low selectivity for malignant cells. Nanotechnologies, especially metallic nanoparticles (NPs), hold promise for enhancing radiotherapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are particularly notable due to their high atomic number, which enhances radiation damage through the photoelectric effect. Studies shown that AuNPs can act as effective radiosensitizers, improving tumor damage during radiotherapy increasing the local radiation dose delivered. Traditional AuNPs synthesis methods involve harmful chemicals and extreme conditions, posing health risks. Green synthesis methods using plant extracts offer a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative. This study investigates the synthesis of AuNPs using Laurus Nobilis leaf extract and their potential as radiosensitizers in breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). These cells were exposed to varying doses of X-ray irradiation, and the study assessed cell viability, morphological changes and DNA damage. The results showed that green-synthesized AuNPs significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy at lower radiation doses, indicating their potential as a valuable addition to breast cancer treatment.
Moringa Bio-Priming with Zn Spray Improved Nutrients Rich Biofortified Chickpea Grains and Drought Tolerance at Reproductive Stages under Arid Environment
Authors: Nawaz Hamid , Yousaf Malik Muhammad , Hussain Nazim , Ihsan Muhammad Zahid , Alwahibi Mona S , Elshikh Mohamed S , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A restricted food supply with limited alternatives often leads to essential nutrient deficiency in masses of Africa and Asia. This issue is exceedingly prevalent in pregnant women and infants due to low dietary Zn intake in daily meals. The Zn absorbance in pulses grain may be enhanced through bio-priming with moringa leaf extract (MLE30) under water deficit conditions. To investigate the performance of bio-stimulants with foliar spray of synthetic nutrients, a field trial was carried out at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan for two consecutive years (2021–2022, 2022–2023). An approximate decrease of 55–64% in chickpea grain yield was noticed under terminal drought stress applied at pod formation as compared to control however; the application of biopriming with Zn spray mitigated the negative effects on grain yield (only 13% decrease in grain yield). This improvement was supported by the significant increase in dry shoot weight (55%) and root weight (51%), no of nodules per plant (20%), no of grains per plant (15%), harvest index (225%) for the first year, plant height (26%) and no of pods per plant (45%), for the second year. Similarly, the overproduction of antioxidants especially catalase (98%), ascorbic peroxidase (87%), and total phenolic content (104%) under bio-primed with Zn spray treatment helped the plants to withstand the negative effects of terminal drought stress. The mineral contents (Zn, Fe & K) were decreased under terminal drought stress nonetheless; the biopriming with Zn spray prominently improved its bioavailability for obtaining the nutrient-rich biofortified grains production. The economic analysis reported a significantly higher benefit-cost ratio (2.74) for bio-primed with Zn spray treatments as compared to hydro-primed treatments under both terminal drought stress and normal water irrigation conditions. The application of moringa extract as a low-cost and effective biopriming agent along with the addition of Zn spray is recommended for the profitable cultivation of chickpea crops under terminal drought stress, which limits its cultivation and productivity, especially in rain-fed arid areas of world.
MRI-Based Parameters to Assess the Quality and Prognosis of the Closed Reduction in the Developmental Dislocation of the Hip in Toddlers
Authors: Cao Jinchao , Li Yu , Luo Junzhong , Zheng Zhaosu , Wang Xuan , Su Yushan , Han Jiuhui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in children aged 9–18 months is challenging because of the unique anatomy and incomplete ossification at this stage. Traditional imaging methods such as X-ray, CT, and ultrasonography have limitations in evaluating reduction quality in this age group. This study uses closed reduction (CR) and Spica cast immobilization to treat DDH in toddlers and leverages the ability of MRI to discern cartilage and soft tissue. Two MRI parameters, axial acetabular femoral head distance (aAFD) and the coronal acetabular cartilage head index (CAHI), were used to assess the quality of femoral head reduction and evaluate prognosis and redislocation risk factors.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients aged 9–18 months who underwent CR for DDH at our institution from June 2012 to June 2019. Fifty-one patients (58 hips) met the inclusion criteria. Pre- and post-CR pelvic radiographs were used to assess the grade of dislocation, the acetabular index (AI), and avascular necrosis (AVN). MRI, performed within three days post-CR, was used to evaluate hip reduction quality via the aAFD and CAHI. Redislocation risk factors were analyzed with MRI and X-ray data. Contralateral healthy hips served as controls.
Results: A total of 51 patients (3 males, 48 females) with 58 DDH-affected hips (23 left, 21 right, 7 bilateral) underwent CR at a mean age of 13.7±2.6 months, with an average follow-up of 58.37±13.46 months. CR was successful in 50 hips (41 Severin I, 9 Severin II), reflecting an 86.2% success rate. In contrast, 8 hips experienced failure (3 Severin VI, 2 Severin IV, 3 Severin III), which showed significantly lower CAHI values (p<0.01) and larger aAFD values (p<0.05). The mean aAFD was 2.4±0.88 mm in successful cases and 5.12±1.70 mm in failures (p<0.05). Successful cases had a CAHI exceeding 76%, and the postoperative AI significantly decreased in these hips (p=0.016). AVN occurred in 10 hips (17.2%), with a higher incidence in more severe dislocations (P < 0.05), but no significant correlation with demographic factors. The reliability coefficients for aAFD and CAHI demonstrated strong intra- and interrater agreement.
Conclusions: Close reduction and spica casting are effective for treating DDH in toddlers. MRI is a reliable tool for evaluating hip reduction quality, with aAFD enlargement and/or CAHI decrease as risk factors for reduction failure.
Estimation of Effective Momentum Diffusivity and Its Correlation with Neutral Particle Density Based on Toroidal Rotation Profiles in the TCABR Tokamak
Authors: Novaes Douglas Oliveira , Severo José Helder Facundo , Rizzato Felipe Barbedo , Ronchi Gilson , Fernandes Tiago , Ikeda Mayara Yumi , Maia Vinícuis , Albuquerque Fernando , Nascimento Fellype do , Iraburu Juan , de Sá Wanderley Pires , Sgubin Leonardo Gimenes , Levaton Jacques , Canal Gustavo Paganini , Guimarães Zwinglio , Galvão Ricardo Magnus Osório , Tendler Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An equation for estimating the effective diffusivity \(\chi_\varphi^\mathrm{eff}\) based on the thermal and frictional forces arising from the interactions with neutral particles is provided. These interactions are primarily attributed to charge-exchange processes between ions and neutral particles. Our analysis indicates that the proposed forces are strong candidates to act as sources or sinks of momentum at the plasma edge. Furthermore, although we only have an estimated profile of neutral particles, the results demonstrate a strong dependence of the effective diffusivity on the ion-neutral collision frequency and a comparatively weaker dependence on ion temperature. We showed that the toroidal rotation profile in the TCABR tokamak is well described by the Helander model for toroidal rotation velocity in the Pfirsch–Schlüter regime, which depends on the ion temperature gradient in the presence of the neutral particles. The toroidal rotation profile has been reconstructed by a sum of Bessel functions, derived from the solution of a second-order differential equation for the toroidal velocity. In this initial study on momentum transport in TCABR, our findings indicate that $\chi_\varphi^\mathrm{eff}$ --- which accounts for both the diffusivity and pinch terms in the momentum equation --- increases significantly in the outer plasma region. Additionally, it achieves a reasonable maximum value of approximately \(\chi_\varphi^\mathrm{eff} \approx 20\) m \(^2/\) s near the plasma edge at \(r/a \simeq 0.87\) , in the same radial position of the maximum ion-neutral collision frequency, demonstrating that the applied method successfully captures the general behaviour of this component as reported in other works, and guiding future experimental validation.