bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From fundamentals to applications of bioelectrocatalysis: bioelectrocatalytic reactions of FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase
Authors: Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this review, I present the main highlights of my works in the development of bioelectrocatalysis, which can be used in widespread applications, particularly for the design of biosensor and biofuel cells. In particular, I focus on research progress made in two key bioelectrocatalytic reactions: glucose oxidation by flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and oxygen reduction by bilirubin oxidase. I demonstrate the fundamental principles of bioelectrocatalysis and the requirements for enhancing the catalytic performance, including the choice of a mediator of redox reactions, immobilization, and electrode materials. These methods can allow for achieving control of the bioelectrocatalytic reaction, thereby overcoming obstacles toward their industrial applications.
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a prototrophic pyruvate-producing strain: Characterization of a ramA-deficient mutant and its application for metabolic engineering
Authors: Kataoka Naoya , Vangnai Alisa S , Pongtharangkul Thunyarat , Yakushi Toshiharu , Wada Masaru , Yokota Atsushi , Matsushita Kazunobu 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
To construct a prototrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum strain that efficiently produces pyruvate from glucose, the effects of inactivating RamA, a global regulator responsible for activating the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, on glucose metabolism were investigated. ΔramA showed an increased specific glucose consumption rate, decreased growth, comparable pyruvate production, higher formation of lactate and acetate, and lower accumulation of succinate and 2-oxoglutarate compared to the wild type. A significant decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was observed for ΔramA, indicating reduced carbon flow to the TCA cycle in ΔramA. To create an efficient pyruvate producer, the ramA gene was deleted in a strain lacking the genes involved in all known lactate- and acetate-producing pathways. The resulting mutant produced 161 mM pyruvate from 222 mM glucose, which was significantly higher than that of the parent (89.3 mM; 1.80-fold).
Automatic Identification of Traffic Accidents based on Intelligent Identification
Authors: Chen Huihong , Li Shiming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The traffic accident process system is complex, by extracting the traffic accident information, the real-time state monitoring of the traffic accident image can be realized. A method of traffic accident information extraction and automatic recognition is proposed based on depth neural network and intelligent image analysis. The remote sensing method is used to collect the traffic accident image, the traffic accident remote sensing image is adaptively de-noised, and the block feature matching method is used to deal with the traffic accident image block fusion. The feature extraction of traffic accident state is carried out in the subspace component of traffic accident image, and the image feature classification of traffic accident is processed by using depth neural network classifier to realize image feedback recognition of traffic accident state feature quantity. A large number of traffic video images are selected for experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more intelligent and accurate.
Functional Attachment in Kuching Riverfront Promenade, Sarawak - Malaysia
Authors: Karsono Bambang , Abdullah @ Goh Tuo Ho Nurakmal , Amer Koesmeri Dona Rose , Gregory Zayn Al-Abideen , Samat Yon Syafni 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The relationship between people and certain places can stimulate the sense of place, this process is recognized as place attachment. Place attachment also indicates the relationship between physical image and its function, through this process the sense of a place can be established. These concepts focus on the physical elements and activities together with the user-influenced meanings that will create the identity and the meaning of the place. Allowing for this issue, the research examines the functional attachment which will affect the level of attachment in Kuching Riverfront Promenade (KRP), a popular public space among local people. By using indirect method to simplify common patterns and human-specific patterns of the place, this research covers subject of place attachment. Questionnaire survey was carried out at several areas at the promenade with an overall of 165 respondents and 18 stall operators were interviewed. The findings point out that the respondents have strong association with the local environment and designate the importance of place as economics dependence and recreational place. The level of functional attachment to KRP is between level 1 to level 4. Measuring at level 4 involves a higher commitment in loyalty, goals and responsibility to the environment.
Introduction of the Lymphedema Action Plan (LeAP): Clinical Advancement in Proactive Lymphedema Care
Authors: Beaman Renata 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) is a disease secondary to the removal of, or damage to, lymph nodes that can increase emotional and physical burden, shoulder impairment, and functional disability in those affected by breast cancer. The multifactorial impact of lymphedema may also negatively affect quality of life.

Purpose:
Although research supports the role of early lymphedema education including the identification of lymphedema risk factors and early professional intervention, we do not yet have a risk management tool that directly links this information to self-directed treatment. The Lymphedema Action Plan (LeAP) was designed to fill this gap.

Design:
The LeAP is divided into 3 categories (green light, yellow light, and red light) that serve to link recognized risk reduction strategies and early signs and symptoms of lymphedema to established actions that can improve lymphedema outcomes. It was designed to empower those at risk for BCRL by educating patients and caregivers about (1) recognized risk factors and proactive behavior modification, (2) early signs and symptoms of lymphedema, (3) actions that can be taken to control an exacerbation, and (4) when to see a medical provider, with the ultimate goal of optimizing control of this incurable disease.
Identifying and Treating Opioid Side Effects
Authors: Moss Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Methylnaltrexone Reverses Chronic Opioid-induced Constipation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. By Yuan CS, Foss JF, O’Connor M, Osinski J, Karrison T, Moss J, Roizen MF. JAMA 2000; 130:142–8. Reprinted with permission.

Context
Constipation is the most common chronic adverse effect of opioid pain medications in patients who require long-term opioid administration, such as patients with advanced cancer, but conventional measures for ameliorating constipation often are insufficient.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of methylnaltrexone, the first peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, in treating chronic methadone-induced constipation.

Design
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted between May 1997 and December 1998.

Setting
Clinical research center of a university hospital.

Participants
Twenty-two subjects (9 men and 13 women; mean [SD] age, 43.2 [5.5] years) enrolled in a methadone maintenance program and having methadone-induced constipation.

Main Outcome Measures
Laxation response, oral-cecal transit time, and central opioid withdrawal symptoms were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
The 11 subjects in the placebo group showed no laxation response, and all 11 subjects in the intervention group had laxation response after intravenous methylnaltrexone administration (P<.001). The oral-cecal transit times at baseline for subjects in the methylnaltrexone and placebo groups averaged 132.3 and 126.8 minutes, respectively. The average (SD) change in the methylnaltrexone-treated group was −77.7 (37.2) minutes, significantly greater than the average change in the placebo group (−1.4 [12.0] minutes; P<.001). No opioid withdrawal was observed in any subject, and no significant adverse effects were reported by the subjects during the study.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that intravenous methylnaltrexone can induce laxation and reverse slowing of oral cecal-transit time in subjects taking high opioid dosages. Low-dosage methylnaltrexone may have clinical utility in managing opioid-induced constipation.
Gait Analysis After Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture: Does Shortening Result in Gait Impairment?
Authors: Gausden Elizabeth B. , Sin Danielle , Levack Ashley E. , Wessel Lauren E. , Moloney Gele , Lane Joseph M. , Lorich Dean G. 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To determine the association between fracture collapse with altered gait after intertrochanteric (IT) fracture using the trochanteric fixation nail (TFN) and helical blade.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Seventy-two patients with IT hip fractures (OTA/AO 31) treated between 2012 and 2016. The average age was 79.7 years (range, 51–94 years); there were 59 women and 13 men.

Intervention:
All patients were treated with cephalomedullary nailing using the TFN (DePuy-Synthes, West Chester, PA) with a helical blade.

Main Outcome Measures:
At follow-up appointments, temporospatial gait parameters were measured and recorded. Radiographs were analyzed at the time of surgery and at each follow-up visit. Amount of radiographic femoral neck shortening was measured radiographically. Patients completed the Harris Hip Score, visual analog scale for pain, Short Form-36 Physical Component Score, and Short Form-36 Mental Component Score.

Results:
The mean length of follow-up between the surgery and the gait analysis was 8.6 months (±0.7 months). The mean amount of shortening was 4.7 mm (±0.6 mm). Out of the 72 patients analyzed, there were 15 patients (20.8%) who shortened more than 8 mm, 7 patients (9.7%) who shortened 10 mm or more, and 2 patients (2.8%) who shortened more than 20 mm. Mean shortening was 3.0 mm for stable OTA/AO 31-A1 fractures, whereas the unstable patterns (OTA/AO 31-A2, 31-A3) demonstrated a mean shortening of 5.9 mm (P = 0.02). There was significant correlation between increased shortening and decreased cadence (P = 0.008), increased double support time (P < 0.001), decreased step length (P = 0.001), and increased single support asymmetry (P = 0.04) during gait analysis. The threshold of 8 mm of shortening predicted decreased cadence (P = 0.008), increased double support time (P < 0.001), and decreased step length (P = 0.006). Analysis of patient-reported outcome scores, including the Harris Hip Score, visual analog scale, SF-36 Physical Component Score, and SF-36 Mental Component Score, revealed no significant association with shortening.

Conclusions:
Results from this study indicate that shortening after cephallomedullary nailing of IT hip fractures using the TFN with a helical blade is associated with altered gait, specifically decreased cadence, increased double support time, decreased step length, and increased single support time asymmetry.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Surgical Fixation of Geriatric Sacral U-Type Insufficiency Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pulley Benjamin R. , Cotman Steven B. , Fowler T. Ty 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To define the incidence of sacral U-type insufficiency fracture and describe management of a consecutive series of patients with this injury.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
Single Level II trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Sixteen adult patients with sacral U-type insufficiency fractures treated over a 36-month period.

Intervention:
Patients were indicated for percutaneous screw fixation of the posterior pelvis if they had posterior pelvic pain that prohibited mobilization.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Visual analog scale for pain, distance ambulated on postoperative day 1, and change in sacral kyphosis.

Results:
The sacral U-type insufficiency fracture incidence was 16.7% (19/114); average patient age was 75 years. Delayed surgery was performed after primary nonoperative treatment had failed in 62.5% (10/16) at an average 83 days postinjury. Acute surgery was performed in 37.5% (6/16) at an average 5 days postinjury. Distance ambulated on postoperative day 1 was 114.4 feet [95% confidence interval (CI) (50.6, 178.2)] and 88.7 feet [95% CI (2.8, 174.6)] in the delayed and acute surgery groups, respectively, P = 0.18. Change in visual analog scale for pain was −3.2 [95% CI (−5.0, −1.4)] and −3.7 [95% CI (−7.0, −0.4)] in the delayed and acute surgery groups, respectively, P = 0.15. Change in sacral kyphosis from presentation to surgery was 12.3 degrees [95% CI (6.7, 17.9)] and 0.3 degrees [95% CI (−0.2, 0.9)] in the delayed and acute surgery groups, respectively, P < 0.01. Minimum follow-up was 12 months.

Conclusions:
Treatment of sacral U-type insufficiency fractures by percutaneous screw fixation permits early mobilization, provides rapid pain relief, and prevents progressive deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interfacility Transfer Is a Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism in Lower Extremity Fracture Patients
Authors: Boyd Evan , Crespo Alexander , Hutzler Lorraine , Konda Sanjit , Egol Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with pelvic and/or lower extremity fractures directly admitted to our institution versus those transferred from an outside hospital for definitive management.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Tertiary care orthopaedic hospital.

Patients:
Six hundred ninety patients who received definitive care for a lower extremity fracture at our institution between 2010 and 2017.

Intervention:
Interfacility transfer for definitive management of pelvic or lower extremity fracture.

Main Outcome Measurements:
VTE incidence and time to surgery.

Results:
The interfacility transfer (TR) group comprised 126 patients, and the direct admission (DA) group comprised 564 patients. TR patients had a significantly higher incidence of VTE compared with the DA group: 9.5% versus 0.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Time to surgery was also longer in the TR group compared with the DA group: 3.05 ± 3.00 days versus 2.16 ± 2.42 days, respectively (P = 0.005). Demographics for TR and DA did not significantly differ with regard to age, sex, length of stay, or American Society of Anesthesiologist score. In the TR group, no complete and explicit documentation regarding thromboprophylaxis administration while at the outside facility was found.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing interfacility transfer for definitive management of pelvic and lower extremity fractures are at a significantly increased risk of the development of VTE.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Biomechanical Analysis of Superior and Anterior Precontoured Plate Fixation Techniques for Neer Type II-A Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Worhacz Kellen , Nayak Aniruddh N. , Boudreaux Robert L. , Pavan Beatrice , Wipf Dipl-Ing Felix , Jacofsky Marc C. , Araghi Arash 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
There are limited biomechanical data supporting the use of anterior or superior-lateral precontoured clavicle plates for the treatment of displaced Neer type II-A clavicle fractures. The objectives of this study were as follows: (a) compare noncontoured versus precontoured superior plating; (b) compare use of locking versus nonlocking screws in the lateral fragment for superior precontoured plates; and (c) compare superior versus anterior precontoured plates with locking lateral fragment screws.

Methods:
The following constructs were tested on a synthetic clavicle model simulating a Neer type II-A fracture: (a) superior precontoured plate with locking (SUP-L, n = 6); (b) superior precontoured plate with nonlocking (SUP-NL, n = 8); (c) anterior precontoured plate with locking (ANT-L, n = 7); and (d) superior noncontoured locking compression plate (SUP-LCP, n = 6). Constructs were subjected to cyclical cantilever loads. Construct stiffness and survival (cycles to failure) were documented. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed for group-wise statistical comparison (α = 0.05) of data.

Results:
The SUP-L construct was significantly stiffer than both SUP-LCP and ANT-L constructs (P < 0.02). The SUP-NL construct was stiffer than the SUP-L (P = 0.03) construct. Both SUP-L and ANT-L precontoured constructs survived longer than the noncontoured SUP-LCP construct (P < 0.022). The SUP-L construct survived longer than the SUP-NL (P = 0.013) and the ANT-L (P = 0.008) constructs.

Conclusions:
Superior precontoured plates yielded biomechanically superior constructs compared with anterior precontoured and superior noncontoured plates. Using locking screws in the lateral fragment over nonlocking screws may improve overall superior precontoured plate construct survivability. However, our results were limited to a synthetic biomechanical model and require further investigation to establish a clinical correlation.
Decreased Reoperations and Improved Outcomes With Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Comparison to Hemiarthroplasty for Geriatric Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Austin Daniel C. , Torchia Michael T. , Cozzolino Niki H. , Jacobowitz Lauren E. , Bell John-Erik 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
We sought to compare range of motion, clinical outcome scores, and complications after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in geriatric patients with acute proximal humerus fractures.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE (1946–2017), EMBASE (1947–2017), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1898–2017) and ClinicalTrials.gov in October 2017. No limits were used in the database search. We also manually reviewed reference lists of included studies. We did not restrict studies based on language.

Study Selection:
We included all randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in which the study population had a mean age of 65 years or older, received RSA or HA to treat an acute proximal humerus fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Data Extraction:
Two independent reviewers used a standardized data collection form to extract relevant information from included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by a consensus or a third party if consensus could not be reached. Study authors were contacted for missing or incomplete data.

Data Synthesis:
Using a random effects model, we calculated mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes; we calculated relative risk for dichotomous outcomes.

Results:
Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 421 patients treated with RSA and 492 treated with HA for a total of 913 patients. Compared with HA, the RSA group had significantly improved pain scores (SMD = 0.74, P < 0.001), outcome scores (SMD = 0.63, P < 0.001), and forward flexion (MD = 24.3 degrees, P < 0.001). Compared with RSA, the HA group had a significantly increased risk of reoperation (relative risk = 2.8, P = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups with regard to external rotation (P = 0.31) or deep infection (P = 0.90).

Conclusions:
Aggregating available research suggests that RSA results in improved range of motion, clinical outcome scores, and rates of all-cause reoperation with no difference in infection rates. Using RSA for the treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population may result in improved short- and medium-term outcomes compared with HA. Future work should evaluate long-term outcomes to see if the benefits of RSA persist.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Risk Factors for Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Acetabular Fractures Involving the Posterior Wall
Authors: Firoozabadi Reza , Hamilton Benjamin , Toogood Paul , Routt Milton “Chip” , Shearer Dave 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Identify risk factors for early conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) in an effort to aid in counseling patients and selecting the optimal treatment for patients who sustain a fracture involving the posterior wall of the acetabulum.

Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Patients with acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall managed with open reduction internal fixation at least 4 years out from surgery.

Intervention:
Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed for injury characteristics and reduction quality. Participants were contacted by telephone to document reoperations and functional outcomes including the SF-8 and modified Merle d'Aubigne Hip Scale.

Main Outcome Measure:
Conversion to THA.

Results:
The overall rate of conversion to THA was 5% at 2 years, 14% at 5 years, and 17% at 9 years. Presence of 5 specific radiographic features was associated with a 50% rate of conversion to THA in contrast to 11% if 4 or less features were present. Among cases with less than 1 mm of diastasis/step-off on postoperative computed tomography scan, there were no THA conversions, 10% conversion for 1–4 mm, and 54% if 4 mm or more of malreduction. There was no difference in SF-8 or modified Merle d'Aubigne scores comparing patients who underwent THA and those who did not.

Conclusions:
Acetabular fractures with posterior wall involvement are associated with a significantly higher rate of conversion to THA if reduction is not near-anatomic. A combination of clinical/radiographic findings is associated with poorer reductions and higher rate of conversion to THA.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.