bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching–learning partnership between nurses and long‐term patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Radmore Nicole M.T. , Hyrkäs Kristiina 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundPeople with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been found to alter their adherence to the renal therapeutic regimen following their initial teaching by PD nurses. Since alterations of adherence have been associated with poor health outcomes, this study focuses on persons receiving PD who rely on support and re‐education from their nurses.ObjectivesTo explore the teaching–learning partnership between people receiving PD and PD nurses, and to compare and contrast shared perspectives.DesignThe study consisted of individual semi‐structured interviews of four people receiving PD and three PD nurses, using qualitative content analysis.FindingsFour shared themes and nine sub‐themes emerged: “motivation” was characterised by perceptions of “staying healthy to avoid peritonitis pain and to qualify for a transplant”. One sub‐theme emerged exclusively in the interviewed people receiving PD: “motivation” to initiate PD through “finding meaning in life and situation”. The theme “acceptance” was comprised “of diagnosis and choosing to initiate PD” and the “modification and integration into daily life”. The presence of “support” arose from “personal support from family and friends”, “professional care and understanding of the individual” and “professional customised and re‐iterative education”. The evolving “partnership” was comprised of “exposure”, “personal rapport”, and the “necessity of working together” in order to maintain positive health outcomes.ConclusionThe partnership between the PD nurse and people receiving PD for ESKD is crucial for successful health outcomes. Each partnership is unique and evolves over time. A successful partnership requires nurses to modify the educational content and teaching style to best meet the needs of people receiving PD and, most importantly, allow them to feel cared for and supported.
Parents' perspectives and experiences of kidney transplantation in children: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Walker Rachael C. , Naicker Derisha , Kara Tonya , Palmer Suetonia C. 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYBackground and ObjectiveKidney transplantation offers greater life expectancy, quality of life and participation compared with dialysis, in children with end stage kidney disease. This study explores the perspectives and experiences of parents of children undergoing kidney transplantation, as the experiences of parents in the process of transplantation is not completely understood.MethodsFace‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of transplanted children across New Zealand. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes of participant experiences and perspectives.ResultsWe interviewed 13 mothers and four fathers of the transplanted children. Four themes were identified: actively pursuing transplant (the urgency of transplant; needing to drive the transplantation process); lack of on‐going support (needing access to specialists; feeling unprepared for demands of transplantation, and vulnerability of unmet emotional concerns), pressure on the family unit (strain of distance; disrupting parent team; added burden of parent as donor; financial stress) and constant concern for the future (living with enduring uncertainty; pressure of responsibility; apprehension of teenage years).ConclusionsParents of children need to play an active role in advocating and driving the transplantation process. Transplantation leads to parental role disruption, emotional and financial stress, and insecurity about the future for their child. These findings suggest the need for greater communication and transparency in the transplantation process with parents, improved emotional and financial support for families during and after transplantation, and explicit assistance for parental roles in families when a caregiver is the donor.
Evaluation of a single‐flow continuous culture fermenter system for determination of ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production
Authors: Dillard S. Leanne , Roca‐Fernández Ana I. , Rubano Melissa D. , Soder Kathy J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 4‐unit, single‐flow continuous culture fermenter system was developed to assess in vitro nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and daily enteric methane (CH4) production of ruminant diets. The objective was to develop a closed‐vessel system that maintained protozoal populations and provided accurate predictions of total CH4 production. A diet of 50% orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and 50% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was fed during 4, 10‐day periods (7‐day adaptation and 3‐day collection). Fermenters were fed 82 g of dry matter (DM)/day in four equal feedings. pH and temperature were taken every 2 min, and CH4 concentration was measured every 10 min. Samples for DM and protozoal counts were taken daily, and daily effluent samples were collected for determination of DM, VFA and NH3‐N concentrations. There was no effect (p > 0.17) of adaptation versus collection days on vessel and effluent DM, temperature or pH. Initial protozoal counts decreased (p < 0.01), but recovered to initial counts by the collection period. Total VFA, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations did not differ (p ≥ 0.13) among periods or days of the collection period. There was no difference (p ≥ 0.37) among days or periods in total daily CH4 production and CH4 production per g of OM, NDF, digestible OM or digestible NDF fed. Data collected throughout 4 experimental periods demonstrated that the system was able to reach a steady state in fermentation well within the 7‐day adaptation period and even typically variable data (i.e., CH4 production) were stable within and across periods. While further research is needed to determine the relationship between this system and in vivo data, this continuous culture fermenter system provides a valid comparison of in vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric CH4 production of ruminant diets that can then be further validated with in vivo studies.
Innovating “Traditional” Women’s Roles: Byzantine Insights for Orthodox Christian Gender Discourse
Authors: Purpura Ashley 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSome contemporary hierarchically endorsed statements about gender within Orthodox Christianity appeal to “traditional roles” for women. Byzantine hagiographies about women, however, often confound the stability suggested by such rhetoric, and offer a more open “tradition” of Orthodox Christians celebrating diverse and boundary‐breaking forms of women’s sanctity (even if via negation of their womanhood). Although these texts betray an unabashedly historical patriarchal perspective, they also can be read as using gender, via an almost apophatic dialectic, to convey theological values that challenge essentialist associations between specific vocations, authoritative positions, and particular sexes. As hagiography is an influential genre for Orthodox beliefs and practices, the ways hagiographers negotiate and depict gender should inform understandings of gender in Orthodox “tradition.”
Genomic features and evolution of the conditionally dispensable chromosome in the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata
Authors: Wang Mingshuang , Fu Huilan , Shen Xing‐Xing , Ruan Ruoxin , Rokas Antonis , Li Hongye 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe tangerine pathotype of the ascomycete fungus Alternaria alternata is the causal agent of citrus brown spot, which can result in significant losses of both yield and marketability for tangerines worldwide. A conditionally dispensable chromosome (CDC), which harbours the host‐selective ACT toxin gene cluster, is required for tangerine pathogenicity of A. alternata. To understand the genetic makeup and evolution of the tangerine pathotype CDC, we isolated and sequenced the CDCs of the A. alternata Z7 strain and analysed the function and evolution of their genes. The A. alternata Z7 strain has two CDCs (~1.1 and ~0.8 Mb, respectively), and the longer Z7 CDC contains all but one contig of the shorter one. Z7 CDCs contain 254 predicted protein‐coding genes, which are enriched in functional categories associated with ‘metabolic process’ (55 genes, P = 0.037). Relatively few of the CDC genes can be classified as carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) (4) and transporters (19) and none as kinases. Evolutionary analysis of the 254 CDC proteins showed that their evolutionary conservation tends to be restricted within the genus Alternaria and that the CDC genes evolve faster than genes in the essential chromosomes, likely due to fewer selective constraints. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis suggested that four of the 25 genes responsible for the ACT toxin production were likely transferred from Colletotrichum (Sordariomycetes). Functional experiments showed that two of them are essential for the virulence of the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata. These results provide new insights into the function and evolution of CDC genes in Alternaria.
Population genomics of the facultatively asexual duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: Ho Eddie K. H. , Bartkowska Magdalena , Wright Stephen I. , Agrawal Aneil F. 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Clonal propagation allows some plant species to achieve massive population sizes quickly but also reduces the evolutionary independence of different sites in the genome.

We examine genome‐wide genetic diversity in Spirodela polyrhiza, a duckweed that reproduces primarily asexually.

We find that this geographically widespread and numerically abundant species has very low levels of genetic diversity. Diversity at nonsynonymous sites relative to synonymous sites is high, suggesting that purifying selection is weak. A potential explanation for this observation is that a very low frequency of sex renders selection ineffective. However, there is a pronounced decay in linkage disequilibrium over 40 kb, suggesting that though sex may be rare at the individual level it is not too infrequent at the population level. In addition, neutral diversity is affected by the physical proximity of selected sites, which would be unexpected if sex was exceedingly rare at the population level.

The amount of genetic mixing as assessed by the decay in linkage disequilibrium is not dissimilar from selfing species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, yet selection appears to be much less effective in duckweed. We discuss alternative explanations for the signature of weak purifying selection.
Unpacking the multiple dimensions and levels of responsibility of the charge nurse role in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Escrig-Pinol Astrid , Hempinstall Morgan , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe charge nurse in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) performs a multiplicity of tasks that range from oversight of the entire facility to directly assisting residents in activities of daily living. In order to refine resident‐centred care strategies and to increase the quality of care provided in LTCFs, this study aims at gaining a more nuanced understanding of the different dimensions of the charge nurse role as a central figure in these institutions.MethodsData were generated through semi‐structured interviews. A purposive sample of ten Registered Nurses in a charge nurse role, diverse in experience, age, gender and background, was recruited from five LTCFs in Ontario, Canada. The study used a combination of conventional and direct qualitative content analyses.FindingsAll tasks performed by the charge nurses were categorised in four dimensions: clinical, supervisory, team support and managerial. Administration was a cross‐cutting sub‐dimension which has gained presence over the years. Depending on the shift worked and the organisational structure of the facility, each dimension gained or lost weight as part of the overall role.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the charge nurse role is in a state of flux and lacking standardisation within and across facilities. LTCFs would benefit from increasing recognition of the role according to the wide range of tasks performed and responsibilities assumed, and by recruiting their charge nurses accordingly.Implications for practiceThe proposed conceptual framework could be used to map and assess charge nurses’ workloads and responsibilities, in order to enhance staff satisfaction and resident‐centred care in LTCFs.
How to recognize and approach psychiatric and psychosocial impairments in the pediatric dermatology patient with a primary dermatologic disease
Authors: Andrade Gabriela , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSignificant psychiatric and psychosocial comorbidity in the pediatric dermatology patient was observed. This paper gives a realistic approach on how to approach these issues in the typical pediatric dermatology clinic. It will outline how to implement a validated screening process, how to discuss these issues with patients, and when and how to make an appropriate mental health referral.
Prevention of recurrent febrile urinary tract infection in infants: Ultrasonography‐oriented approach is more practical than a top‐down approach
Authors: Kawai Shina , Nakai Hideo , Kanai Takahiro , Tanabe Kazuya , Hyuga Taiju , Nakamura Shigeru , Betsui Hiroyuki , Aoyagi Jun , Saito Takashi , Ito Takane , Odaka Jun , Furukawa Rieko , Aihara Toshinori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that the top‐down approach (TDA) for infants with febrile urinary tract infections (fUTI) could prevent recurrent fUTI (r‐fUTI) but produced a high number of false‐positives on acute‐phase 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy. Therefore we compared the ultrasonography‐oriented approach (USOA) with TDA from the viewpoint of prevention of r‐fUTI.MethodsThe TDA was applied between July 2010 and February 2014 and the USOA was applied between March 2014 and April 2017 in infants with first fUTI. In the USOA group, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in the case of abnormality on acute‐phase renal bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) or on chronic‐ phase DMSA, which were performed in all cases. The frequency of r‐fUTI was compared between the TDA group and USOA group retrospectively.ResultsSeventy‐four infants (52 male) and 79 infants (60 male) received TDA or USOA, respectively. No significant differences were found between the TDA and USOA groups in male : female ratio, age in months at initial onset of fUTI, observation period, or number of cases of r‐fUTI (TDA group, n = 4; USOA group, n = 5). Seventy‐four DMSA scintigraphy and 25 VCUG were carried out in the USOA group, and 111 DMSA scintigraphy and 34 VCUG in the TDA group.ConclusionsBoth USOA and TDA were valid for prevention of r‐fUTI, but USOA was superior to TDA with regard to the reduced number of patients undergoing VCUG and DMSA.
Oral and aural problems in Australian Special Olympics athletes
Authors: Pradhan Archana , Stormon Nicole , Lalloo Ratilal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between oral and aural problems among children have been explored, but not among adults with intellectual disability (ID), where often, oral and ear pain can be difficult to diagnose.MethodsData included Special Smiles and Healthy Hearing screenings from two Special Olympics (SO) events held in Australia (2013‐2014).ResultsThe SO athletes had poor oral health with a high prevalence (56.8%) of gingival signs and unmet dental needs (66.9%). Over one‐third (33.9%) had partially/completely blocked ear canals, over one‐fifth (20.7%) had possible middle ear problems, and almost one quarter (23.8%) had some hearing loss. No associations between oral and aural problems were found in the small sample (n = 130) of SO athletes.ConclusionsAlthough SO athletes have unmet needs for both oral and aural health, access to appropriate hygiene care is an important preventive factor that athletes, families, and carers should be made aware of. Regular oral and aural screenings are recommended to identify problems early, because ability to communicate pain and discomfort can be different for this population. A larger sample of SO athletes with tooth and sextant level data could clarify the association between oral and aural problems in people with ID.
Perceptions and practices of community members relating to trachoma in Africa: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Tanywe Asahngwa Constantine , Matchawe Chelea , Fernandez Ritin , Lapkin Samuel 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize and present the best available evidence on community perceptions and practices relating to trachoma in Africa.

Introduction:
Globally, trachoma is the leading cause of blindness and is responsible for about 1.4% of all cases of blindness. The African continent is the worst affected, with about 1.9 million cases of trichiasis (61%). While interventions are currently being implemented to combat the disease in Africa, very little is known by decision makers about community perceptions and practices relating to trachoma, which may hinder successful implementation.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies with participants, regardless of their health status, gender, religion and ethnicity, aged 14 and over conducted in any African country, will be considered. Studies on Africans, conducted out of the continent and those involving healthcare professionals, will not be included in this review.

Methods:
Qualitative studies, published in English from 1996 onwards. will be considered. Databases to be searched will include, but not be limited to: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO. Study selection, critical appraisal and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers, using the appropriate JBI methodology and any disagreement will be resolved by discussion or with a third reviewer. Qualitative findings will be synthesized using the appropriate JBI methodology, following the meta-aggregation approach. Where textual pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form. The ConQual approach will be used to grade synthesized findings, and these will be presented in a Summary of Findings.
Experiences of outdoor nature-based therapeutic recreation programs for persons with a mental illness: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Picton Caroline , Fernandez Ritin , Moxham Lorna , Patterson Christopher 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on participation in outdoor therapeutic recreation programs for adults with a mental illness living in the community.

Introduction:
Therapeutic recreation is posited to be beneficial for persons living with a mental illness. Research indicates that therapeutic recreation programs can foster mental health recovery. It is necessary to understand how nature-based therapeutic recreation programs are beneficial from the perspective of persons living with mental illness.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that have collected qualitative data on the experiences and perspectives of adults with a mental illness of their participation in nature-based therapeutic recreation programs.

Methods:
The databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Informit and unpublished sources in gray literature databases (Google) will be searched and reference lists will be checked to locate any additional studies. Studies published in English will be considered with no date limit. Two reviewers will independently assess the methodological quality of the studies which meet the inclusion criteria using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. Data will be extracted by one reviewer using the standardized qualitative extraction tool and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. The qualitative research findings will be pooled using JBI methodology. The JBI process of meta-aggregation will be used to identify categories and synthesized findings.
Earnings among people with multiple sclerosis compared to references, in total and by educational level and type of occupation: a population-based cohort study at different points in time
Authors: Wiberg Michael , Murley Chantelle , Tinghög Petter , Alexanderson Kristina , Palmer Edward , Hillert Jan , Stenbeck Magnus , Friberg Emilie 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate earnings among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) before and after MS diagnosis compared with people without MS, and if identified differences were associated with educational levels and types of occupations. Furthermore, to assess the proportions on sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) in both groups.DesignPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study, 10 years before until 5 years after MS diagnosis.SettingWorking-age population using microdata linked from nationwide Swedish registers.ParticipantsResidents in Sweden in 2004 aged 30–54 years with MS diagnosed in 2003–2006 (n=2553), and references without MS (n=7584) randomly selected by stratified matching.Outcome measuresQuartiles of earnings were calculated for each study year prior to and following the MS diagnosis. Mean earnings, by educational level and type of occupation, before and after diagnosis were compared using t-tests. Tobit regressions investigated the associations of earnings with individual characteristics. The proportions on SA and/or DP, by educational level and type of occupation, for the diagnosis year and 5 years later were compared.ResultsDifferences in earnings between PwMS and references were observed beginning 1 year before diagnosis, and increased thereafter. PwMS had lower mean earnings for the diagnosis year (difference=SEK 28 000, p<0.05), and 5 years after diagnosis, this difference had more than doubled (p<0.05). These differences remained after including educational level and type of occupation. Overall, the earnings of PwMS with university education and/or more qualified occupations were most like their reference peers. The proportions on SA and DP were higher among PwMS than the references.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the PwMS’ earnings are lower than the references’ beginning shortly before MS diagnosis, with this gap increasing thereafter. Besides SA and DP, the results indicate that educational level and type of occupation are influential determinants of the large heterogeneity of PwMS’ earnings.