bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven approach to using individual cattle weights to estimate mean adult dairy cattle weight
Authors: Schubert Hannah , Wood Sarah , Reyher Kristen , Mills Harriet 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundKnowledge of accurate weights of cattle is crucial for effective dosing of individual animals and for reporting antimicrobial usage. For the first time, we provide an evidence‐based estimate of the average weight of UK dairy cattle to better inform farmers, veterinarians and the scientific community.MethodsData were collected for 2747 lactating dairy cattle from 20 farms in the UK. Data were used to calculate a mean weight for lactating dairy cattle by breed and a UK‐specific mean weight. Trends in weight by lactation number and production level were also explored.ResultsMean weight for adult dairy cattle in this study was 617 kg (sd=85.6 kg). Mean weight varied across breeds, with a range of 466 kg (sd=56.0 kg, Jersey) to 636 kg (sd=84.1, Holsteins). When scaled to UK breed proportions, the estimated UK‐specific mean weight was 620 kg.ConclusionThis study is the first to calculate a mean weight of adult dairy cattle in the UK based on on‐farm data. Overall mean weight was higher than that most often proposed in the literature (600 kg). Evidence‐informed weights are crucial as the UK works to better monitor and report metrics to measure antimicrobial use and are useful to farmers and veterinarians to inform dosing decisions.
Particle-antiparticle duality from an extra timelike dimension
Authors: Arcodía Marcos R. A. , Bellini Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It is a well known fact that the usual complex structure on the real Clifford Algebra (CA) of Minkowski spacetime can be obtained by adding an extra time-like dimension, instead of the usual complexification of the algebra. In this article we explore the consequences of this approach and reinterpret known results in this new context. We observe that Dirac particles and antiparticles at rest can be interpreted as eigenstates of the generator of rotations in the plane formed by the two time-like coordinates and find an effective finite scale for the extra dimension when no EM fields are present (without postulating compactness). In the case of non-vanishing EM fields, we find a gauge condition to preserve such a scale.
Long term measurements from the Mátra Gravitational and Geophysical Laboratory
Authors: Ván P. , Barnaföldi G. G. , Bulik T. , Biró T. , Czellár S. , Cieślar M. , Czanik Cs. , Dávid E. , Debreceni E. , Denys M. , Dobróka M. , Fenyvesi E. , Gondek-Rosińska D. , Gráczer Z. , Hamar G. , Huba G. , Kacskovics B. , Kis Á. , Kovács I. , Kovács R. , Lemperger I. , Lévai P. , Lökös S. , Mlynarczyk J. , Molnár J. , Singh N. , Novák A. , Oláh L. , Starecki T. , Suchenek M. , Surányi G. , Szalai S. , Tringali M. C. , Varga D. , Vasúth M. , Vásárhelyi B. , Wesztergom V. , Wéber Z. , Zimborás Z. , Somlai L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Summary of the long term data taking, related to one of the proposed next generation ground-based gravitational detector’s location is presented here. Results of seismic and infrasound noise, electromagnetic attenuation and cosmic muon radiation measurements are reported in the underground Matra Gravitational and Geophysical Laboratory near Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary. The collected seismic data of more than two years is evaluated from the point of view of the Einstein Telescope, a proposed third generation underground gravitational wave observatory. Applying our results for the site selection will significantly improve the signal to noise ratio of the multi-messenger astrophysics era, especially at the low frequency regime.
Local laws for non-Hermitian random matrices and their products
Authors: Götze Friedrich , Naumov Alexey , Tikhomirov Alexander 
Published: September 2019

We consider products of independent [Formula: see text] non-Hermitian random matrices [Formula: see text]. Assume that their entries, [Formula: see text], are independent identically distributed random variables with zero mean, unit variance. Götze and Tikhomirov [On the asymptotic spectrum of products of independent random matrices, preprint (2010), arXiv:1012.2710] and O’Rourke and Sochnikov [Products of independent non-Hermitian random matrices, Electron. J. Probab. 16 (2011) 2219–2245] proved that under these assumptions the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of [Formula: see text] converges to the limiting distribution which coincides with the distribution of the [Formula: see text]th power of random variable uniformly distributed in the unit circle. In this paper, we provide a local version of this result. More precisely, assuming additionally that [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], we prove that ESD of [Formula: see text] converges to the limiting distribution on the optimal scale up to [Formula: see text] (up to some logarithmic factor). Our results generalize the recent results of Bourgade et al. [Local circular law for random matrices, Probab. Theory Related Fields 159 (2014) 545–595], Tao and Vu [Random matrices: Universality of local spectral statistics of non-Hermitian matrices, Ann. Probab. 43 (2015) 782–874] and Nemish [Local law for the product of independent non-hermitian random matrices with independent entries, Electron. J. Probab. 22 (2017) 1–35]. We also give further development of Stein’s type approach to estimate the Stieltjes transform of ESD.
For Women, Lynch Syndrome Is About More than Colon Cancer
Authors: Parker Wendy M. , Hennig Kelsey , Burton-Chase Allison M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, has historically been characterized by a predisposition to colorectal cancer; however, for women with Lynch syndrome, the risks for gynecologic cancers pose an equal or greater risk than colorectal cancer. In addition, the gynecologic cancer is often the first cancer that presents in these patients. Also of importance to women with Lynch syndrome is the efficacy of gynecologic cancer screening being significantly lower than colorectal cancer screening, leading to inconsistency in provider recommendations for gynecologic screening and surveillance. We had the chance to listen to women with Lynch syndrome, in their own words, discuss their health care experiences as they relate to gynecologic cancer risk, and identified several important themes. They describe feeling confused about their screening and surveillance options while also being heavily reliant on their health care providers for guidance. In addition, women with Lynch syndrome discuss attempting to balance medical management of Lynch syndrome with their reproductive choices. Finally, they believe that increased awareness by women and their providers about the gynecologic cancer risks associated with Lynch syndrome should be a higher priority. We view the words of these women as a call to action for Lynch syndrome patients, clinicians, researchers, and advocates.
Fluvastatin Inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase and Prevents Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , Bai Ruihua , Wang Qiushi , Wang Keke , Li Xiang , Liu Kangdong , Ryu Joohyun , Wang Ting , Chang Xiaoyu , Ma Weiya , Bode Ann M. , Xia Qingxin , Song Yongping , Dong Zigang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, promising agents for lung cancer prevention are still very limited. Identification of preventive targets and novel effective preventive agents is urgently needed for clinical applications. In this study, we found that fluvastatin targeted 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), which a rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, and inhibited non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis. Initially, we demonstrated that HMGCR is overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues. Knockdown of HMGCR in NSCLC cells attenuated growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that fluvastatin, an inhibitor of HMGCR, suppressed NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, fluvastastin functions by inhibiting the HMGCR-driven Braf/MEK/ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. Notably, fluvastatin attenuated tumor growth in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis and in a patient-derived xenograft lung tumor model. Overall, our findings suggest that fluvastatin might be promising chemopreventive or potential therapeutic drug against NSCLC tumorigenesis, providing hope for rapid clinical translation.
IL6 Modulates the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment to Facilitate Metastatic Colonization of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Toyoshima Yujiro , Kitamura Hidemitsu , Xiang Huihui , Ohno Yosuke , Homma Shigenori , Kawamura Hideki , Takahashi Norihiko , Kamiyama Toshiya , Tanino Mishie , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It is unknown as to how liver metastases are correlated with host immune status in colorectal cancer. In this study, we found that IL6, a proinflammatory cytokine produced in tumor-bearing states, promoted the metastatic colonization of colon cancer cells in association with dysfunctional antitumor immunity. In IL6-deficient mice, metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in the liver was reduced, and the antitumor effector function of CD8+ T cells, as well as IL12 production by CD11c+ dendritic cells, were augmented in vivo. IL6-deficient mice exhibited enhanced IFN-AR1–mediated type I interferon signaling, which upregulated PD-L1 and MHC class I expression on CT26 cells. In vivo injection of anti–PD-L1 effectively suppressed the metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in Il6−/− but not in Il6+/+ mice. Finally, we confirmed that colorectal cancer patients with low IL6 expression in their primary tumors showed prolonged disease-free survival. These findings suggest that IL6 may be a promising target for the treatment of metastasis in colorectal cancers by improving host immunity.
Formwork fabrication freedom for a concrete canoe
Authors: Jipa Andrei , Bernhard Mathias , Ruffray Nicolas , Wangler Timothy , Flatt Robert , Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

The pursuit for complex geometries in contemporary architecture is driving innovation towards an unconstrained fabrication freedom for building components. Concrete is a building material with excellent structural and architectural qualities, which has the theoretical capacity of being cast into any shape. However, in practice, concrete is generally limited by the formwork manufacturing industry to simple, planar shapes. To overcome this fabrication limitation, this research investigates the use of large-scale 3D-printed plastic formworks for concrete components. This novel construction method takes advantage of the load-bearing capacity of concrete and relies on the fabrication-freedom inherited from the 3D printed formwork, thus making complex topologies and precise details possible for concrete structures. To demonstrate the potential applications of this method, skelETHon —a functional four-meter-long concrete canoe— was designed, built and raced in a regatta on the Rhine river. The research focused on the optimization of the 3D printing process for large-scale plastic formworks and on improving the stability of the thin formwork shells during casting.
Peripheral Vasoconstriction During Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwan , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Hammadah Muhammad , Liu Chang , Ko Yi-An , Lima Bruno , Sullivan Samaah , Alkhoder Ayman , Abdulbaki Rami , Ward Laura , Bremner J. Douglas , Sheps David S. , Raggi Paolo , Sun Yan V. , Shah Amit J. , Vaccarino Viola , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: September 2019

Rationale:
Excessive vasoconstriction in response to mental stress may be a potential mechanism by which acute psychological stress leads to adverse cardiac events.

Objectives:
We investigated whether excessive digital vasoconstriction during acute mental stress predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results:

Five hundred forty-nine patients with stable coronary artery disease (age 63±9, 76% male, 29% black) underwent mental stress testing with a standardized public speaking stressor and followed prospectively for cardiovascular end points. Digital pulse wave amplitude was continuously measured using peripheral artery tonometry (PAT, Itamar Inc). Stress/rest PAT ratio (sPAT) of pulse wave amplitude during mental stress/baseline was calculated and dichotomized by the median value into low and high sPAT ratio groups. Upon 3-year follow-up, Fine and Gray’s subdistribution hazard ratios were used to examine the association between sPAT ratio and the composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and hospitalization for heart failure. The median sPAT ratio was 0.68 (interquartile range, 0.48–0.88), indicating 32% vasoconstriction with mental stress. Men were more likely to have low sPAT ratio than women (odds ratio, 1.79;
P
=0.007) while those on β-blockers were less likely to have low sPAT ratio (odds ratio, 0.52;
P
=0.003). After adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and rate-pressure product change during mental stress, those with low sPAT ratio were at significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.12–2.80]).

Conclusions:
Greater peripheral vasoconstriction with mental stress, denoted by a low sPAT ratio, is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.
Outcome of Normal‐Flow Low‐Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Propensity‐Matched Study
Authors: Chadha Gagandeep , Bohbot Yohann , Rusinaru Dan , Maréchaux Sylvestre , Tribouilloy Christophe 
Published: September 2019

Background

Normal‐flow, low‐gradient severe aortic stenosis (
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
), defined by aortic valve area <1 cm
2
, mean gradient <40 mm Hg, and indexed stroke volume >35 mL/m
2
, is the most prevalent form of low‐gradient aortic stenosis (
AS
). However, the true severity of
AS
and the management of
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
compared with moderate
AS
(
MAS
) and with high‐gradient severe‐AS (HG‐SAS).

Methods and Results

A total of 154 patients with
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
, 366 with
MAS
(aortic valve area between 1.0 and 1.3 cm
2
), and 1055 with HG‐SAS were included. On multivariate analysis, after adjustment for covariates of prognostic importance,
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
patients did not exhibit an excess risk of mortality compared with
MAS
patients under medical management (hazard ratio=1.13 [95% CI, 0.82‐1.56];
P
=0.45) and under medical and surgical management (hazard ratio 1.06 [95% CI, 0.79‐1.43];
P
=0.70), even after further adjustment for aortic valve replacement (hazard ratio=1.09 [95% CI, 0.81‐1.48];
P
=0.56). The 6‐year cumulative incidence of aortic valve replacement (performed in accordance with guidelines) was comparable between the 2 groups (39±4% for
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
and 35±3% for
MAS
,
P
=0.10). After propensity score matching (n=226),
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
and
MAS
patients also had comparable outcomes under medical (
P
=0.41) and under medical and surgical management (
P
=0.52).
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
had better outcomes than HG‐SAS patients (adjusted hazard ratio 1.84 [95% CI, 1.18‐2.88];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

This study shows that patients with
NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
have a comparable outcome to those with
MAS
when aortic valve replacement is performed during follow‐up according to guidelines, mostly at the stage of HG‐SAS. Rigorous echocardiographic assessment to rule out measurement errors and close follow‐up are essential to detect progression to true severe AS
in NF
‐
LG
‐
SAS
.
Clinical or gimmickal: The use and effectiveness of mobile mental health apps for treating anxiety and depression
Authors: Marshall Jamie M , Dunstan Debra A , Bartik Warren 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The increase in ownership of smartphones and tablet devices has seen a worldwide government push, championed by the World Health Organization, towards digital healthcare services generally. Mental health has been a strong presence in the digitisation of healthcare because of the potential to solve some of the difficulties in accessing face-to-face services. This review summarises the recent history of e-mental health services and illuminates two very different paths. The first is the considerable amount of research that has proven the effectiveness of many online mental health programmes for personal computers and laptops, resulting in widespread acceptance of their ability to make a contribution in an individual’s recovery from anxiety and depression. The second is associated with the more recent development of apps for smartphones and tablet devices and the contrasting paucity of research that has accompanied this burgeoning area of e-mental health. This review also outlines the current state of play for research into the effectiveness of mobile mental health apps for anxiety and depression, including issues associated with methodology, and offers sources of practical advice for clinicians wanting more information about these new digital tools. Conclusion: Research into the effectiveness of mental health apps is lacking, and the majority have no evidence of efficacy. Clinicians need to be aware of what apps have such evidence and should exercise caution when recommending apps to patients. Suggestions are offered on the direction of future research, including an appeal to further include clinicians in the development and efficacy testing of mental health apps.
Exercise training for adults hospitalized with an acute respiratory condition: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Rice Hayley , Harrold Megan , Fowler Robin , Watson Carol , Waterer Grant , Hill Kylie 
Published: September 2019

Objective: In adults hospitalized with an acute or chronic respiratory condition, to determine what has been reported regarding exercise programmes in terms of content, tolerability, evaluation and adverse events. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, The Cochrane Library), trial registries and conference abstracts (Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting, the European Respiratory Society Congress, the American Thoracic Society International Conference). Review methods: Studies were included if they (1) recruited adults hospitalized with an acute or chronic respiratory condition, (2) described an exercise programme that targeted peripheral muscles and (3) reported that ⩾80% of the sample had initiated training within 72 hours of hospitalization. Results: The last search was conducted on 2 June 2019. Of the 6282 records identified, 20 met the study criteria. These described 18 separate studies (2018 participants). Studies were conducted in adults hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or with community-acquired pneumonia. The content of exercise programmes included aerobic and/or resistance training, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, whole-body vibration or movement out of bed. In eight studies (44%), the initial session was prescribed using objective measures of exercise capacity, peripheral muscle force and the ability to undertake activities of daily living. Across 7420 training sessions, seven adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Methods used to prescribe and titrate exercise programmes in adults hospitalized with an acute or an exacerbation of a chronic respiratory condition were disparate. When reported, programmes were well tolerated and adverse events were infrequent.
Effect of vitiligo treatment using compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical triamcinolone acetonide on serum interleukin-17 and tissue growth factor-β levels
Authors: Li Ling , Ma Qiushuang , Li Haiyan 
Published: September 2019

Objective Vitiligo is a common pigmentation disorder of the skin, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. We evaluated the effectiveness of compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution in patients with vitiligo. Methods Patients with stable vitiligo treated at our hospital between May 2016 and August 2017 were randomized to a control group or an observation group. Both groups were treated with fractional CO2 laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution, while the observation group also received compound glycyrrhizin. Clinical effectiveness, serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels, and adverse drug reactions were compared between the groups. Results Following treatment, the clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (75.00% vs. 52.50%). Furthermore, IL-17 decreased in both groups but was significantly lower in the observation group, while TGF-β increased in both groups but was significantly higher in the observation group. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion Compound glycyrrhizin in combination with fractional CO2 laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution can be used to treat vitiligo and appears to modulate cytokine levels. Trial registration: Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (no. 2019366; http://www.hebwst.gov.cn/index.do?templet=cs_zyj )
Dissecting basilar artery aneurysm manifesting as sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Yi-zhi , Chen Qiu-hui , Liu Zhan-chuan , Zhang Ying , Han Yan-qiu , Nan Shan-ji 
Published: September 2019

Highlights • Dissecting basilar artery aneurysm (DBAA) is relatively rare. • We report the first case of a DBAA manifesting as sudden sensorineural hearing loss. • This case report adds to the symptom spectrum of DBAA.
Individual and neighborhood predictors of retention in care and viral suppression among Florida youth (aged 13–24) living with HIV in 2015
Authors: Gebrezgi Merhawi T , Sheehan Diana M , Mauck Daniel E , Fennie Kristopher P , Ibanez Gladys E , Spencer Emma C , Maddox Lorene M , Trepka Mary J 
Published: September 2019

Youth aged 13‒24 are less likely to be retained in HIV care and be virally suppressed than older age groups. This study aimed to assess predictors of retention in HIV care and viral suppression among a population-based cohort of youth (N = 2872) diagnosed with HIV between 1993 and 2014 in Florida. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs). Retention in care was defined as evidence of engagement in care (at least one laboratory test, physician visit, or antiretroviral therapy prescription refill), two or more times, at least three months apart during 2015. Viral suppression was defined as having evidence of a viral load <200 copies/ml among those in care during 2015. Among the 2872 youth, 65.4% were retained in care, and among those in care, 65.0% were virally suppressed. Older youth (18‒24 years old) and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) were less likely to be retained in care, whereas those men who have sex with men, perinatal HIV transmission, living in low socioeconomic neighborhoods, and those diagnosed with AIDS before 2016 were more likely to be retained in care. Those diagnosed with AIDS before 2016 and NHBs were less likely to be virally suppressed, whereas those men who have sex with men and foreign-born persons were more likely to be virally suppressed. Results suggest the need for targeted retention and viral suppression interventions for NHB youth and older youth (18‒24 years-age).