bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fate of Lipid Biosignatures in a Mars-Analogue Sulfur Stream
Authors: Tan Jonathan , Lewis James M. T. , Sephton Mark A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPast life on Mars will have generated organic remains that may be preserved in present day Mars rocks. The most recent period in the history of Mars that retained widespread surface waters was the late Noachian and early Hesperian and thus possessed the potential to sustain the most evolved and widely distributed martian life. Guidance for investigating late Noachian and early Hesperian rocks is provided by studies of analogous acidic and sulfur-rich environments on Earth. Here we report organic responses for an acid stream containing acidophilic organisms whose post-mortem remains are entombed in iron sulphates and iron oxides. We find that, if life was present in the Hesperian, martian organic records will comprise microbial lipids. Lipids are a potential sizeable reservoir of fossil carbon on Mars, and can be used to distinguish between different domains of life. Concentrations of lipids, and particularly alkanoic or “fatty” acids, are highest in goethite layers that reflect high water-to-rock ratios and thus a greater potential for habitability. Goethite can dehydrate to hematite, which is widespread on Mars. Mars missions should seek to detect fatty acids or their diagenetic products in the oxides and hydroxides of iron associated with sulphur-rich environments.
De novo characterization of Phenacoccus solenopsis transcriptome and analysis of gene expression profiling during development and hormone biosynthesis
Authors: Arya Surjeet Kumar , Dhar Yogeshwar Vikram , Upadhyay Santosh Kumar , Asif Mehar Hasan , Verma Praveen Chandra 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe cotton mealybugPhenacoccus solenopsisis a devastating pest of cotton causing tremendous loss in the yield of crops each year. Widespread physiological and biological studies onP. solenopsishave been carried out, but the lack of genetic information has constrained our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its growth and development. To understand and characterize the different developmental stages, RNA-Seq platform was used to executede-novotranscriptome assembly and differential gene expression profiling for the eggs, first, second, third instar and adult female stages. About 182.67 million reads were assembled into 93,781 unigenes with an average length of 871.4 bp and an N50 length of 1899 bp. These unigenes sequences were annotated and classified by performing NCBI non-redundant (Nr) database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene ontology (GO), the Swiss-Prot protein database (Swiss-Prot), and nearest related organismAcyrthosiphon pisum(pea aphid) database. To get more information regarding the process of metamorphosis, we performed a pairwise comparison of four developmental stages and obtained 29,415 differentially expressed genes. Some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with functional protein synthesis, anti-microbial protection, development and hormone biosynthesis. Functional pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed the positive correlation with specific physiological activities of each stage, and these results were confirmed by qRT-PCR experiments. This study gives a valuable genomics resource ofP. solenopsiscovering all its developmental stages and will promote future studies on biological processes at the molecular level.
Homotypic endothelial nanotubes induced by wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin
Authors: Pedicini Lucia , Miteva Katarina T. , Hawley Verity , Gaunt Hannah J. , Appleby Hollie L. , Cubbon Richard M. , Marszalek Katarzyna , Kearney Mark T. , Beech David J. , McKeown Lynn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEndothelial barrier formation is maintained by intercellular communication through junctional proteins. The mechanisms involved in maintaining endothelial communication subsequent to barrier disruption remain unclear. It is known that low numbers of endothelial cells can be interconnected by homotypic actin-driven tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which could be important for intercellular transfer of information in vascular physiology. Here we sought insight into the triggers for TNT formation. Wheat germ agglutinin, a C-type lectin and known label for TNTs, unexpectedly caused striking induction of TNTs. A succinylated derivative was by contrast inactive, suggesting mediation by a sialylated protein. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown we identified that this protein was likely to be CD31, an important sialylated membrane protein normally at endothelial cell junctions. We subsequently considered thrombin as a physiological inducer of endothelial TNTs because it reduces junctional contact. Thrombin reduced junctional contact, redistributed CD31 and induced TNTs, but its effect on TNTs was CD31-independent. Thrombin-induced TNTs nevertheless required PKCα, a known mediator of thrombin-dependent junctional remodelling, suggesting a necessity for junctional proteins in TNT formation. Indeed, TNT-inducing effects of wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin were both correlated with cortical actin rearrangement and similarly Ca2+-dependent, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. Once formed, Ca2+ signalling along TNTs was observed.
Possible causes of data model discrepancy in the temperature history of the last Millennium
Authors: Neukom Raphael , Schurer Andrew P. , Steiger Nathan. J. , Hegerl Gabriele C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModel simulations and proxy-based reconstructions are the main tools for quantifying pre-instrumental climate variations. For some metrics such as Northern Hemisphere mean temperatures, there is remarkable agreement between models and reconstructions. For other diagnostics, such as the regional response to volcanic eruptions, or hemispheric temperature differences, substantial disagreements between data and models have been reported. Here, we assess the potential sources of these discrepancies by comparing 1000-year hemispheric temperature reconstructions based on real-world paleoclimate proxies with climate-model-based pseudoproxies. These pseudoproxy experiments (PPE) indicate that noise inherent in proxy records and the unequal spatial distribution of proxy data are the key factors in explaining the data-model differences. For example, lower inter-hemispheric correlations in reconstructions can be fully accounted for by these factors in the PPE. Noise and data sampling also partly explain the reduced amplitude of the response to external forcing in reconstructions compared to models. For other metrics, such as inter-hemispheric differences, some, although reduced, discrepancy remains. Our results suggest that improving proxy data quality and spatial coverage is the key factor to increase the quality of future climate reconstructions, while the total number of proxy records and reconstruction methodology play a smaller role.
Ecosystem functions including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium are crucial for vegetation recovery
Authors: Qiu Kaiyang , Xie Yingzhong , Xu Dongmei , Pott Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions have been extensively studied, but little is known about the effects of ecosystem functions on biodiversity. This knowledge is important for understanding biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Desertification reversal is a significant global challenge, but the factors that play key roles in this process remain unclear. Here, using data sampled from areas undergoing desertification reversal, we identify the dominant soil factors that play a role in vegetation recovery with ordinary least squares and structural equation modelling. We found that ecosystem functions related to the cycling of soil carbon (organic C, SOC), nitrogen (total N, TN), and potassium (available K, AK) had the most substantial effects on vegetation recovery. The effects of these ecosystem functions were simultaneously influenced by the soil clay, silt and coarse sand fractions and the soil water content. Our findings suggest that K plays a critical role in ecosystem functioning and is a limiting factor in desertification reversal. Our results provide a scientific basis for desertification reversal. Specifically, we found that plant biodiversity may be regulated by N, phosphorus (P) and K cycling. Collectively, biodiversity may respond to ecosystem functions, the conservation and enhancement of which can promote the recovery of vegetation.
Metagenomic profiling for assessing microbial diversity and microbial adaptation to degradation of hydrocarbons in two South African petroleum-contaminated water aquifers
Authors: Kachienga Leonard , Jitendra Keshri , Momba Maggy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBiodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous populations of microorganisms found in petroleum-contaminated water sources represents one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants are eliminated from the aquatic environment. The identification of these microorganisms, which have capabilities to convert the majority of toxic hydrocarbons into compounds that are less harmful for end-users, is therefore crucial for bioremediation purposes. The aim of this study was to profile the microbial diversity of two South African petroleum-contaminated water aquifer sites and to determine the microbial adaptation to hydrocarbon degradation using a metagenomics approach. The sequenced samples revealed that protozoa (62.04%) were found to be the most dominant group, followed by fungi (24.49%), unknown (12.87%), and finally other sequences such as Animalia and plantae which were <(0.10%) domains in the first oil-polluted aquifer site. In the second site, protozoa (61.90%), unknown (16.51%), fungi (11.41%) in that order. According to the classification at the genus level, the dominant group was Naegleria (15.21%), followed by Vorticella (6.67%) as the only ciliated protozoan genus, other species such as Arabidopsis (2.97%), Asarum (1.84%) Populus (1.04%) were significantly low and drastically lower in the first site. Regarding the second site, the dominant group was Naegleria (18.29%) followed by Colpoda (9.86%) with the remainder of the genera representing <2%. Overall results demonstrated the ability of various groups of microorganisms to adapt and survive in petroleum oil-polluted water sites regardless of their respective distributions and this can be explored further for their role in bioremediation and environmental management.
Oncological Outcome of Primary and Secondary Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ge Peng , Wang Li , Lu Meng , Mao Lijun , Li Wang , Wen Rumin , Lin Jian , Wang Junqi , Chen Jiacun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractConflicting results of survival outcomes for primary and secondary muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) have been reported in previous studies. Primary MIBC is defined as presentation of muscle-invasive disease at initial diagnosis while secondary MIBC presumes that non-muscle invasive disease later progressed to MIBC. Due to the varying reports, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare survival outcomes between the two groups. Relevant studies were retrieved from Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus using a comprehensive search approach. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was the outcome measure. A total of 14 studies involving 4,075 cases were included. Patients with secondary MIBC were significantly correlated with worse CSS in model I (pooled HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56, P = 0.008). The results of sensitivity analyses indicated that the omission of any single study each time did not have a significant impact on the combined risk estimates. Egger’s test suggested no publication bias among these studies. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk score offers the possibility of stratifying the secondary MIBC patients into different risk groups. In high-risk NMIBC, timely radical cystectomy should be considered. Further study is required to assess the multimodal therapy in both high-risk NMIBC and secondary MIBC patients as well as to evaluate genetic and molecular drivers of tumor induction, promotion, and progression.
One novel representation of DNA sequence based on the global and local position information
Authors: Mo Zhiyi , Zhu Wen , Sun Yi , Xiang Qilin , Zheng Ming , Chen Min , Li Zejun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne novel representation of DNA sequence combining the global and local position information of the original sequence has been proposed to distinguish the different species. First, for the sufficient exploitation of global information, one graphical representation of DNA sequence has been formulated according to the curve of Fermat spiral. Then, for the consideration of local characteristics of DNA sequence, attaching each point in the curve of Fermat spiral with the related mass has been applied based on the relationships of neighboring four nucleotides. In this paper, the normalized moments of inertia of the curve of Fermat spiral which composed by the points with mass has been calculated as the numerical description of the corresponding DNA sequence on the first exons of beta-global genes. Choosing the Euclidean distance as the measurement of the numerical descriptions, the similarity between species has shown the performance of proposed method.
The high efficient catalytic properties for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate using mesoporous ZnCo2O4 rods synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method
Authors: Xiao Xuechun , Peng Bingguo , Cai Linfeng , Zhang Xuanming , Liu Sirui , Wang Yude 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMesoporous ZnCo2O4 rods have been successfully prepared via oxalate co-precipitation method without any template. The nano-sized spinel crystallites connected together to form mesoporous structure by annealing homogeneous complex oxalates precursor at a low rate of heating. It is found that the low anneal rate plays an important role for the formation of mesoporous ZnCo2O4 rods. The effects of the heat temperature on the phase, morphology and catalytic properties of the products were studied. The XRD, SEM TEM, and N2 absorption/desorption have been done to obtain compositional and morphological information as well as BET surface area of the as-prepared sample. Catalytic activities of mesoporous ZnCo2O4 rods toward the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. The results show that the addition of ZnCo2O4 rods to AP dramatically reduces the decomposition temperature. The ZnCo2O4 rods annealed at 250 °C possesses much larger specific area and exhibits excellent catalytic activity (decrease the high decomposition temperature of AP by 162.2 °C). The obtained mesoporous ZnCo2O4 rods are promising as excellent catalyst for the thermal decomposition of AP.
Multiple claudin–claudin cis interfaces are required for tight junction strand formation and inherent flexibility
Authors: Zhao Jun , Krystofiak Evan S. , Ballesteros Angela , Cui Runjia , Van Itallie Christina M. , Anderson James M. , Fenollar-Ferrer Cristina , Kachar Bechara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTight junctions consist of a network of sealing strands that create selective ion permeability barriers between adjoining epithelial or endothelial cells. The current model for tight junction strands consists of paired rows of claudins (Cldn) coupled by a cis interface (X-1) derived from crystalline Cldn15. Here we show that tight junction strands exhibit a broad range of lateral bending, indicating diversity in cis interactions. By combining protein–protein docking, coevolutionary analysis, molecular dynamics, and a mutagenesis screen, we identify a new Cldn–Cldn cis interface (Cis-1) that shares interacting residues with X-1 but has an ~ 17° lateral rotation between monomers. In addition, we found that a missense mutation in a Cldn14 that causes deafness and contributes stronger to Cis-1 than to X-1 prevents strand formation in cultured cells. Our results suggest that Cis-1 contributes to the inherent structural flexibility of tight junction strands and is required for maintaining permeability barrier function and hearing.
Improvement of ground radiation antenna performance using compact EBG in presence of battery effects
Authors: Xu Yunxue , Qu Longyue , Kim Hyung‐Hoon , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: May 2018

In Internet‐of‐things devices, to alleviate the performance degradation of the ground radiation antenna due to the large battery, two compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) unit cells are introduced between the ground radiation antenna and the battery. The ground radiation antenna is comprised a small loop‐type circuit that is designed within a 5‐mm × 5‐mm ground clearance for 2.4‐GHz WLAN applications. The compact EBG unit cell is a modified square split‐ring resonator that is designed by meandering‐line technology. The measurement results showed that the 3:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth of the ground radiation antenna increased from 30 to 90 MHz, and the average total efficiency increased from 19% to over 54% with and without the introduction of the EBG structure, respectively.
Aperture efficiency improvement of folded reflectarray using rectangle and split‐ring combined element
Authors: Jeong J.G. , Park N.J. , Yoon Y.J. 
Published: May 2018

In this Letter, the aperture efficiency of a folded reflectarray is improved using a proposed element. This element is designed with a simple structure using a rectangle and split‐ring combined structure to obtain a more accurate reflection phase for the folded reflectarray than that of a conventional element in the millimetre wave frequency. Thus, a high aperture efficiency of 55.04% is obtained at 77 GHz. The element design concept and procedure are presented in detail.
Different approaches in calculating AC inductive interference from power lines on pipelines
Authors: Lucca Giovanni 
Published: May 2018

When dealing with 50–60 Hz inductive electromagnetic interference from power lines on pipelines, the key parameter is represented by the per unit length mutual impedance between the power line conductor‐Earth and pipe‐Earth circuits. Different philosophies can be followed concerning the evaluation of this parameter, i.e.: modelling the power line conductors by wires of finite length or by wires of infinite length. What is missing in the literature is a comparison of the interference results (i.e. overvoltage and overcurrent induced on the pipeline) that are obtained by following these different approaches. Thus, this study is devoted to investigate this neglected point relevant to the 50–60 Hz interference issue. To this aim, the authors also present and compare some results of interference calculated in real cases and, on the basis of them, they draw some conclusions concerning which, in their opinion, is the best approach.
Ambulante Entgiftung bei Patienten mit Medikamenten-Doppelabhängigkeit von Benzodiazepinen und Opioiden
Authors: Piest Bernhard 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bericht über ein einheitliches Vorgehen bei einer ambulanten Entgiftung von 2 Patienten mit Doppelabhängigkeit von Benzodiazepinen und Opioiden.
Methode Beide Patienten wurden zunächst mithilfe von Buprenorphin von den Opioiden entgiftet, dann auf den Opiatantagonisten Naltrexon eingestellt. Im zweiten Schritt wurden sie unter der Naltrexontherapie von den Benzodiazepinen entgiftet.
Ergebnis Bei beiden Patienten wurde für beide Substanzen Abstinenz erreicht.
Diskussion Das geschilderte Vorgehen eignet sich eventuell als Standard für ähnliche Fälle.
Antidepressiva
Authors: Haverkamp Wilhelm , Blaschke Daniela , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie meisten Antidepressiva besitzen ein Potenzial für unerwünschte kardiale Wirkungen. Hinsichtlich der prognostischen Bedeutung im Vordergrund stehen
unerwünschte elektrophysiologische Effekte (d. h. eine QT/QTc-Verlängerung und/oder eine Zunahme der QRS-Dauer), die zu tachykarden Rhythmusstörungen führen
können. Berichte über solche proarrhythmischen Ereignisse haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer zunehmenden Verunsicherung im klinischen Alltag geführt.Erfreulicherweise sind schwerwiegende unerwünschte Wirkungen von Antidepressiva selten. Zu den Maßnahmen, die geeignet erscheinen, ihre Häufigkeit weiter zu
minimieren gehören eine strenge Indikationsstellung, eine Kenntnis der im Einzelfall ggf. vorliegenden kardialen Grund- oder Begleiterkrankungen und eine (auch
durch letzteres beeinflusste) sorgfältige Auswahl des Antidepressivums. Während einer Behandlung mit kardial wirksamen Antidepressiva sind
Kontrolluntersuchungen notwendig. Hierzu gehören klinische Kontrollen und regelmäßige EKG-Registrierungen. Auch eine intensivierte interdisziplinäre Kooperation
kann hilfreich sein.
Kardiale Biomarker und EKG-Veränderungen beim Schlaganfall
Authors: von Rennenberg Regina , Scheitz Jan F. , Endres Matthias , Nolte Christian 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungKardiale Komplikationen treten bei akuten Schlaganfallpatienten häufig auf und sind eine der Haupttodesursachen nach einem Schlaganfall. Gleichzeitig sind
kardiale Erkrankungen häufig Ursache für die Entstehung von Schlaganfällen. Kardiovaskuläre und zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen teilen viele gemeinsame
Risikofaktoren, sodass nicht selten zusätzlich zum Schlaganfall auch eine KHK vorliegt. Das kontinuierliche EKG-Monitoring stellt einen wichtigen Baustein in
der diagnostischen Abklärung beim Schlaganfall dar und die Leitlinien der American Heart Association (AHA) empfehlen Troponin bei Schlaganfallpatienten zu
bestimmen. Häufig finden sich nach Schlaganfall EKG-Veränderungen sowie eine Erhöhung von Troponin. Beides ist mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert. Es gibt
jedoch wenig konkrete Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit pathologischen EKG- und Laborbefunden im Alltag. Im klinischen Alltag gestaltet sich die Differenzialdiagnose
von kardialen Erkrankungen bei Schlaganfallpatienten aber häufig schwierig: Kardiale Erkrankungen präsentieren sich bei Schlaganfallpatienten vielfach mit
atypischen Symptomen. Bei Schlaganfallpatienten können EKG-Veränderungen oder eine Erhöhung kardialer Biomarker vorkommen, ohne dass dem eine akute koronare
Ischämie zugrunde liegt. Stattdessen können sowohl chronische kardiale als auch nicht-kardiale Erkrankungen die Ursache für die Erhöhung kardialer Biomarker
oder EKG-Veränderungen sein. Daneben kommt es bei einigen Schlaganfallpatienten zu einer neurogenen Myokardschädigung im Sinne einer stressinduzierten
Kardiomyopathie.Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die klinische Relevanz und Interpretationsmöglichkeiten häufiger EKG-Veränderungen und kardialer Biomarker bei Patienten
mit akuter zerebraler Ischämie liefern.