bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘Decent Cuppa’: Worker Power and Consumer Power in the Sri Lankan Tea Sector
Authors: Thomas Huw 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConsumers are increasingly seen as playing an important role in global labour governance through the establishment of voluntary certification programmes that promise better economic and social conditions for workers in global value chains. In the Sri Lankan tea sector, however, these private forms of governance (Rainforest Alliance (RA), UTZ Certified and the Ethical Tea Partnership (ETP)) at best have no effect and at worst are associated with indecent forms of work. Rather, conditions of work are defended by powerful trade unions that exercise structural power via their strategic position in the value chain and associational power through links with political parties and residual ethnic ties within and between nation‐states. It is evident that through close collaboration between the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the tea sector unions, workers are able to leverage institutional power through both national and international labour standards to reinforce decent work for those at the very bottom of the global value chain.
When Do Employees Choose to Be Represented on the Board of Directors? Empirical Analysis of Board‐Level Employee Representation in Denmark
Authors: Gregorič Aleksandra , Poulsen Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrawing on transaction costs economics and longitudinal data on Danish corporations, we analyse the distribution of board‐level employee representation (BLER) and the characteristics of employee directors in a context where workers have the possibility (but not also an obligation) to nominate representatives to the board of directors. We show that BLER is less likely instituted in firms with CEO or family‐related members on the board, but more likely observed in larger, older firms and in those with high firm‐specific human capital and union density. Firm‐specific human capital, qualifications and union membership also determine individual worker's probability to become a board member.
Apatinib induces 3‐hydroxybutyric acid production in the liver of mice by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α activation to aid its antitumor effect
Authors: Feng Siqi , Wang Huan , Wang Ying , Sun Runbin , Xie Yuan , Zhou Zhu , Wang Hong , Aa Jiye , Zhou Fang , Wang Guangji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractApatinib, an antiangiogenic agent, shows efficient antitumor activity in a broad range of malignancies. Considering tumor is a type of metabolic disease, we investigated the metabolomics changes in serum and tumor after apatinib treatment and the molecular mechanism of characteristic changes associated with its antitumor efficacy. Molecules in serum and tumor tissue were extracted and analyzed by a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry metabolic platform. Apatinib significantly inhibited e tumor growth and alleviated metabolic rearrangement in both serum and tumor of A549 xenograft mice. Among these endogenous metabolites, 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (3‐HB) was significantly increased in serum, tumor and liver after apatinib treatment. Interestingly, giving exogenous 3‐HB also inhibited tumor growth. Gene expression, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and molecular docking analysis all indicated that apatinib could induce 3‐HB production through the dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and promotion of fatty acid utilization in the liver. Therefore, increased content of 3‐HB induced by PPARα activation in the liver partially contributed to the antitumor effect of apatinib. It may provide clues to another potential mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of apatinib besides its antiangiogenic effect through inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Whole exome and targeted gene sequencing to detect pathogenic recessive variants in early onset cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Shakya Sunil , Kumari Renu , Suroliya Varun , Tyagi Nishu , Joshi Aditi , Garg Ajay , Singh Inder , Kalikavil Puthanveedu Divya , Cherian Ajith , Mukerji Mitali , Srivastava Achal K. , Faruq Mohammed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver 100 genetically distinct causal known loci for hereditary ataxia phenotype poses a challenge for diagnostic work‐up for ataxia patients in a clinically relevant time and precision. In the present study using next‐generation sequencing, we have investigated pathogenic variants in early‐onset cerebellar ataxia cases using whole exome sequencing in singleton/family‐designed and targeted gene‐panel sequencing. A total of 98 index patients were clinically and genetically (whole exome sequencing (WES) in 16 patients and targeted gene panel of 41 ataxia causing genes in 82 patients) evaluated. Four families underwent WES in family based design. Overall, we have identified 24 variants comprising 20 pathogenic and four likely‐pathogenic both rare/novel, variations in 21 early onset cerebellar ataxia patients. Among the identified variations, SACS (n = 7) and SETX (n = 6) were frequent, while ATM (n = 2), TTPA (n = 2) and other rare loci were observed. We have prioritized novel pathogenic variants in RARS2 and FA2H loci through family based design in two out of four families.
Association of donor hypertension and recipient renal function in living donor kidney transplantation: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Dienemann Thomas , Schellenberg Jana , Heller Katharina , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin , Hilgers Karl Friedrich , Schiffer Mario , Weidemann Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransplant centers now accept living donors with well‐controlled hypertension. Little is known whether hypertension in living donors affects recipient's kidney function. We aimed to examine potential differences in kidneys from hypertensive donors compared to normotensive donors with respect to renal function over 36 months and histologic findings at transplantation (T0) and 12 months after transplantation (T1). Retrospective single‐center analysis of 174 living donor‐recipient pairs (age > 18; transplantation date 1/2008‐3/2016). Hypertension in donors was defined as being on antihypertensive medication. All biopsies were assessed by the same blinded, experienced renal pathologist. Biopsies were scored for glomerulosclerosis, IFTA, and arteriosclerosis. Regression models were used to examine the relationship of donor hypertension with renal function and histologic changes. Hypertensive donors were significantly older than normotensive donors. Chronic changes such as tubular atrophy and atherosclerosis were more evident in kidneys from hypertensive donors at T0 as well as T1. Donor hypertension was independently associated with histologic changes at T0 and T1 but not with renal function over the follow period. Despite more pronounced histologic changes in kidneys from hypertensive living donors, these grafts exhibited a similar functional outcome. However, they subsequently might be at a greater risk and warrant thorough follow‐up care.
Nitrogen limitation inhibits marine diatom adaptation to high temperatures
Authors: Aranguren‐Gassis María , Kremer Colin T. , Klausmeier Christopher A. , Litchman Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOngoing climate change is shifting species distributions and increasing extinction risks globally. It is generally thought that large population sizes and short generation times of marine phytoplankton may allow them to adapt rapidly to global change, including warming, thus limiting losses of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Here, we show that a marine diatom survives high, previously lethal, temperatures after adapting to above‐optimal temperatures under nitrogen (N)‐replete conditions. N limitation, however, precludes thermal adaptation, leaving the diatom vulnerable to high temperatures. A trade‐off between high‐temperature tolerance and increased N requirements may explain why N limitation inhibited adaptation. Because oceanic N limitation is common and likely to intensify in the future, the assumption that phytoplankton will readily adapt to rising temperatures may need to be reevaluated.
Arthrotomy, curettage and medical management of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the temporomandibular joint in a horse
Authors: Balducci J. , Ruby J. , Hall C. , Williams J. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryOsteomyelitis and/or bone sequestra are commonly reported in equids following traumatic wounds. This report describes the clinical management and outcome following an arthrotomy of the temporomandibular joint of a 1‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding with septic osteomyelitis and arthritis. Computed tomography was used for further assessment of the lesions within the temporomandibular joint and helped guide surgical planning.
Improved diagnostic criteria for digital flexor tendon sheath pathology using contrast tenography
Authors: Kent A. V. , Chesworth M. J. , Wells G. , Gerdes C. , Bladon B. M. , Smith R. K. W. , Fiske‐Jackson A. R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundPathology of the digital flexor tendon sheath is a significant cause of lameness in the horse. Imaging is important to identify lesions and inform on prognosis prior to tenoscopic surgery.ObjectivesTo use a large population to evaluate 1) the sensitivity and specificity of digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) contrast radiographs in diagnosing manica flexoria (MF) tears, deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) tears and constriction of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) using novel criteria; 2) predisposition to pathology in signalment and limb affected.Study designMulticentre retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe medical records of 206 horses with lameness localised to the DFTS, contrast radiographs and subsequent tenoscopic surgery were reviewed. Breed and limb predispositions were evaluated for pathology of the DDFT, MF and PAL constriction. Contrast radiographs of the DFTS were reviewed by four masked operators and for each pathology the sensitivity, specificity and interobserver variability were calculated.ResultsContrast tenography was a sensitive test for MF tears (92% confidence interval [CI] 88.4–94.4%; specificity 56%, CI 51.1–61.1%) and specific for diagnosing DDFT tears (73%, CI 68.6–76.8%; sensitivity 54%, CI 47.8–60.2%) but had a lower sensitivity (71%, CI 65.1–75.9% ) and specificity (45%, CI 39.1–52.0%) for PAL constriction. It had good to substantial interobserver agreement for MF and DDFT tears (Krippendorff's alpha 0.68 and 0.46 respectively). Ponies (57%) and cobs (58%) were significantly more likely to be affected with MF tears (other breeds 20–39%, P = 0.003) and Thoroughbreds (50%), warmbloods (45%) and draught breeds (48%) were more likely to have DDFT tears (other breeds 22–34%, P = 0.01). MF tears and PAL constriction were overrepresented in the hindlimbs compared to DDFT tears in forelimbs.Main limitationsNo standardisation of contrast radiographs was possible. The subjectivity of diagnosis of PAL constriction may also have led to bias. Radiographs were read as JPEGS reducing ability to manipulate images.ConclusionsContrast radiography of the DFTS is accurate in the pre‐operative diagnosis of DFTS pathologies. Different pathologies are overrepresented in certain breeds and limbs.
Behaviour and mortality of downstream migrating Atlantic salmon smolts at a small power station with multiple migration routes
Authors: Kärgenberg Einar , Thorstad Eva B. , Järvekülg Rein , Sandlund Odd Terje , Saadre Ene , Økland Finn , Thalfeldt Mart , Tambets Meelis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSalmon smolts were released upstream of a run‐of‐river hydropower site and recaptured downstream for inspection. Descending fish behaviour through three possible migration routes (turbines, fishway, spillway) was analysed using telemetry, fyke nets and diving. Tagged smolts did not follow the main water flow; over 70% used the fishway, which received only about 10% of the flow. The turbines received about 80% of the water, but <25% of the smolts. Smolts were not fully stopped from entering the turbines by the 25‐mm bar racks. Mortality of smolts passing through the Kaplan turbines was at minimum 36%. No mortality was found in fish moving through the fishway or spillway. This shows that small and fast‐rotating Kaplan turbines can cause relatively high mortality. No mortality in alternative migration routes resulted in a total mortality for descending smolts at the hydropower station of 8.5%, emphasising the importance of providing functional alternative migration routes.
Dimensions underlying frailty indicators in the Kihon Checklist
Authors: Sentandreu‐Mañó Trinidad , Fernández Irene , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria À , Tomás José M 
Published: August 2019

AimFrailty has become a current topic of debate in recent years among researchers as a key concept of clinical care in old age. One of the scales developed for its measurement is the Kihon Checklist (KCL). However, the dimensionality of the KCL has not been tested yet, and therefore the aim of the present study was to validate its dimensional structure.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study carried out between March and September 2018 in Valencia province (Spain). Participation in the study was voluntary. A total of 251 participants were sampled. They answered sociodemographic and medical indicators, as well as five frailty scales, including the KCL.ResultsFive confirmatory models with different dimensionalities were tested and none of them fit the data well. Therefore, all models were depurated. Goodness of fit indices showed that the best fitting model was a one‐factor solution, with 15 items. This reduced model had very good estimates of internal consistency and showed good levels of criterion‐related validity with four different measures of frailty.ConclusionsThis work constitutes the first study on the dimensionality of the KCL and the first validation of the Spanish version in a Spanish sample of community‐dwelling older adults. A translation exists into Spanish, but there are no data on the reliability and validity of the KCL for its use in Spanish‐speaking countries. The KCL, once depurated, offers a valid and reliable measure of frailty to be used in Spanish‐speaking populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 982–987.
Theorizing transnational labour markets: a research heuristic based on the new economic sociology
Authors: MENSE‐PETERMANN URSULA 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, I suggest that transnational labour markets are characterized by their multi‐layered embeddedness, not only in national but also in transnational institutional settings. Hence, the national institutional factors formerly at the centre of sociological labour market theories insufficiently explain the newly emerging transnational labour markets. To account for the full complexity and institutional context of the latter, I propose an inductive theoretical approach to transnational labour markets and develop a research heuristic to instruct empirical studies about particular transnational labour markets and inductive theory building. This heuristic draws on analytical categories as developed by the new economic sociology of markets. The empirical example of the transnational labour market that matches eastern European workers to jobs in the German meat industry serves to illustrate how one can use this heuristic, which reveals some preliminary features of transnational labour markets compared with national ones, as well as some research gaps to be addressed by future studies.
Chondroblastomas presenting in adulthood: a study of 39 patients with emphasis on histological features and skeletal distribution
Authors: John Ivy , Inwards Carrie Y , Wenger Doris E , Williams Don D , Fritchie Karen J 
Published: August 2019

AimsChondroblastomas (CB) are rare bone tumours that typically arise in the epiphysis/apophysis of long bones in skeletally immature patients. We explore the clinicopathological features of CB presenting in adults.Methods and resultsCB in patients ≥20 years of age were retrieved from our institutional archives. Thirty‐nine CB were identified (29 male/10 female; aged 20–54 years). Twenty (51%) cases occurred in long tubular bones, 10 (26%) in small bones of the feet, five (13%) in flat bones and four (10%) in the patella. All cases showed classic cytological features of CB, and chondroid matrix was universally present. Calcification was identified in 10 cases (26%), including various combinations of serpiginous (n = 7), punctate (n = 6), classic chicken‐wire (n = 4) and psammomatous (n = 2) patterns. Haemosiderin (n = 19), woven bone (n = 13), secondary aneurysmal bone cyst formation (n = 8), foamy macrophages (n = 4), hyalinised vascular spaces (n = 2) and cholesterol clefts (n = 2) were noted. Follow‐up information (n = 32, 1–452 months) revealed local recurrence in three patients, all >40 years of age with flat bone origin, one of which developed pulmonary metastases 132 months after initial diagnosis.ConclusionsCB in patients >20 years of age more frequently involves the short bones of the hands/feet and flat bones compared to those arising in their younger counterparts. A subset may harbour extensive serpiginous or psammomatous calcification rather than the classic chicken‐wire pattern. Although the overall local recurrence rate in adulthood is approximately 10%, all three patients with recurrent disease had tumours involving flat bones, suggesting that tumours arising in these sites may behave more aggressively.
Epidemiology and clinical features of keloids in Black Africans: a nested case–control study from Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Kouotou Emmanuel A. , Nansseu Jobert R. , Omona Guissana Edwige , Mendouga Menye Coralie Reine , Akpadjan Fabrice , Tounkara Thiemo M. , Zoung‐Kanyi Bissek Anne‐Cecile , Ndjitoyap Ndam Elie Claude 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are a common presenting complaint in Black Africans but remain poorly documented in these populations. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with keloids seen at dermatology outpatient consultations in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and to determine driving factors of keloid occurrence.MethodsThis was a 1 : 2 case–control study conducted from February to May 2016 at the dermatology unit of five health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Cases were patients with black skin and diagnosed with keloids while controls had no keloid scar, paired to cases according to age and sex. The diagnosis of keloid was based on clinical history and findings.ResultsOf 2,940 patients seen during the study period, 102 (54.9% females) had keloids, hence a prevalence of 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–4.2). The most affected age group was ≥25 years (69.6%). Lesions at the origin of keloids were mostly traumatic (66.7%). In 68 patients (66.7%), keloid scars were associated with pruritus. The presternal region was the predominant localization (26.5%). Existence of a family history of keloids was significantly associated with presence of keloids (adjusted odds ratio: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.4–7.2; P < 0.001).ConclusionsKeloids commonly affect black skin as recorded during dermatology consultations in Yaoundé, Cameroon. More often, they are secondary to skin trauma and seem to occur among those with a family history of keloids. Therefore, these people should be closely monitored accordingly.
Upregulation of PD‐1 follows tumour development in the AOM/DSS model of inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer in mice
Authors: Yassin Mohammad , Sadowska Zuzanna , Djurhuus Ditte , Nielsen Brian , Tougaard Peter , Olsen Jørgen , Pedersen Anders Elm 
Published: August 2019

SummaryChronic inflammation may drive development of cancer as observed in inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer (CRC). Though immune cells can infiltrate the tumour microenvironment, cancer cells seem to evade anti‐tumour responses, which is one of the established hallmarks of cancer. Targeting the programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/PD‐L1 signalling pathway is currently at the forefront in the development of anti‐tumour immunity‐based therapies for multiple malignancies. By blocking the immune‐checkpoint of activated T‐cells, it is possible to rewire the adaptive resistance induced by the PD‐1 ligands expressed in the tumour microenvironment. However, adverse immunotherapy‐modulated events could complicate the treatment of individuals with preexisting chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the expression of different systemic and mucosal T‐cell subsets during the course of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and colitis‐associated CRC. In addition, we examined the expression of PD‐1 and its ligands PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 as well as other molecular targets related to T‐cell exhaustion. We found a significant increase in PD‐1 expression on all examined mucosal T‐cell subsets of the colon and the ileum, which correlated with disease progression. We also observed an upregulation of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 mRNA expression throughout the AOM/DSS regime. Blocking PD‐1 signalling with an anti‐PD1 antibody did not affect the tumour burden in the AOM/DSS‐treated mice, but did potentiate the weight loss in the third DSS cycle, indicating possible immune‐mediated toxicity. This raises a concern for patients with colitis‐associated CRCs and should be further investigated.
The contribution of nurses to health policy and advocacy requires leaders to provide training and mentorship
Authors: Turale Sue , Kunaviktikul Wipada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAt this crucial stage in nursing’s development, key organizations around the world are voicing the need for nurses to become more involved in leadership, advocacy and policymaking. The importance of leadership and health policy training cannot be overemphasized. However, the widespread education and training of nurses about policy is yet to be realized. Moving nurses from being the recipients and implementers of health policy decisions to being leaders with a strong voice in the development or reform of policy will take concerted, strategic effort into the future. We argue that for nurses around the world to take their place at decision‐making tables and to be rightfully engaged in policy, health reform and advocacy, nurse leaders need to provide them with access to well‐thought‐out policy training programmes. This access needs to be wide‐ranging, from exposure to policy knowledge in undergraduate education to more specialized graduate programs focused in every specialization on some aspects of policy, through to a variety of continuing educational opportunities.
Prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mazza Mario G. , Rossetti Aurora , Crespi Giovanna , Clerici Massimo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubjects with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to experience psychiatric disorders. The present authors performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, excluding co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, in subjects with intellectual disability.MethodThe present authors performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. The pooled prevalence of any co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in intellectual disability was 33.6% (95% CI: 25.2%–43.1%) with high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Prevalence was lower in population‐based studies, in studies that used ICD criteria for the psychopathology and in studies with low risk of bias. The prevalence was higher in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability than in profound intellectual disability.ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders are common in subjects with intellectual disability, and the present authors found that clinical and methodological moderators affect the pooled prevalence.