bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for a Professional Body for Uk Paramedics
Authors: Whitmore David , Furber Roland 
Published: December 2018

Summary The standards to which UK Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians work have historically been driven by the employer rather than a professional body. This in effect has meant that the National Health Service (NHS) Ambulance Services decided how educational programmes were structured and delivered. The private sector in the UK has also tended to look towards the NHS standards as the yardstick for their staff, although there has been significant difficulty in gaining the NHS award by the private sector. The advent of professional registration in 2000, and crucially the enactment of The Health Professions Order 2001 that resulted in the setting up of the Health Professions Council (HPC), prompted a real drive to develop a true professional body for UK ambulance staff. That professional body is the British Paramedic Association – College of Paramedics (BPA). The BPA has, since those early days, pursued true professional self-regulation of education and practice standards. The BPA acknowledges the immense task it has set itself, but believes that it can and must be achieved in order that education and practice standards continue to develop and deliver what is felt to be in the best interests of patients. By engaging with the HPC, the unions, employers and, very importantly, higher education institutions, the BPA will truly fulfill the requirements of a professional body for UK ambulance staff.
The Challenge of Introducing Continuous Professional Development for Paramedics
Authors: Martin John 
Published: December 2018

Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is defined by the United Kingdom (UK) Health Professions Council (HPC) as: “…a range of learning activities through which professionals maintain and develop throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to practise safely, effectively and legally within their evolving scope of practice.” Suggested key precepts of CPD are that the individual learner is responsible for their own learning and development; it is based upon and feeds back into practice; employers need to create optimal environments for CPD; and learning and development can be derived from an extremely wide and diverse range of both formal and informal activities. Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) must embrace the multitude of activities which contribute to a professional's development. Any activity which follows an outcome based approach to learning, where the individual has reflected on practice and set about identifying an appropriate activity to develop, can be defined as CPD. This implies a move beyond the spoon-feeding culture of training to an educational approach of selfdirected learning and requires an attitude change within the ambulance profession. The outcome of good CPD should be practitioners with increased competence and improved patient care. This is why demonstrating participation in appropriate CPD activities is important for registration and in satisfying the requirements of professional bodies. To meet these requirements the individual needs to keep an accurate record of their CPD. CPD is an ongoing process of development. The challenge for the individual is to develop the intrinsic motivation required to assess their learning needs, and respond accordingly. The challenge for ambulance managers is to facilitate opportunities for CPD. Fundamentally CPD in ambulance services is about producing improved, competent practitioners to benefit patient care. This is achieved by the practitioner assessing where they are now, following a path to improvement, and recording what has been done.
Podcasting Lectures: The Next Silver Bullet?
Authors: Williams Brett , Bearman Margaret 
Published: December 2018

This paper will be the first in a series outlining the contemporary use of educational technology in paramedic higher education. Objectives This paper describes a pilot study, which examines the student use of podcasting service within a Bachelor of Emergency Health (BEH) degree. The aim of this study is to report student usage patterns of the podcasting service as well as any perceived advantages or disadvantages to podcasting. Methods Second and third year undergraduate paramedic students (n=67) were surveyed with respect to their use of the podcasting service in 2006. An annual audit of students’ learning needs was taken from 2006-2008 with respect to relevant general student profile information. Results Almost two-thirds n=42 (62.7%) of the students did not download the Podcast lecture material. Of those that did, twenty students (29.9%) used Podcasts for reviewing lecture content; only two (3%) as a substitute to attending the lecture. Students described positive benefits as well as difficulties with the technology; seventeen (25.4%) reported revising concepts which they had not understood. The audit demonstrated that in Semester 1, 2008, 83% of students owned iPods or equivalent. Conclusion While only a minority of BEH students listened to the podcast lectures, those that did reported use for revision of theoretical concepts and revision for examinations. Podcasting appears to have significant potential for mobile learning (m-learning) allowing some students the capacity to utilise their study time more effectively. Podcasting may well prove useful for particular students, and should be given some qualified support.
Multidisciplinary Practice in Action: The Rural Paramedic – It's not Only Lights and Sirens
Authors: Mulholland Peter , O'Meara Peter , Walker Judith , Stirling Christine , Tourle Vianne 
Published: December 2018

Objectives This paper examines the Tasmanian portion of a four state study commissioned by the Australian Council of Ambulance Authorities in order to examine the expanded scope of practice for Australian rural paramedics. The objectives of this paper were to describe the expanded role for the rural paramedic on the East Coast of Tasmania and determine what factors facilitate this role. Methods This study uses qualitative methods. Three sources of data were used for this study: a) semi-structured interviews with key informants; b) direct observation of key processes and events, and c) review of documents describing the paramedic role and required organisational and educational support. The semi-structured interviews included questions relating to the role of the paramedic, involvement with other health disciplines, and interactions within the general community. Findings The study revealed how paramedics on the East Coast of Tasmania have developed a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach to health care. Emergency care does not end at the hospital doorstep and involves co-operation between paramedics and hospital staff in ongoing care. Doctors and other health professionals who have previously been involved in after hours call outs, training of volunteer ambulance personnel are now free from these additional and often time-consuming tasks. Paramedics have been welcomed as part of the health care team in the area and have been responsible for development of effective working relationships with hospital staff and doctors, volunteers and community members. An important part of these relationships is the health education provided by paramedics. Conclusion Emergency response in rural areas is only a small part of paramedic practice. This study has identified elements of rural paramedic practice that highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary and community based response to patient care in rural areas namely community involvement, organisational support, professional support, and appropriate education and training. Much of these are rooted in a footing of informality. The move from informality to a more formal framework will perhaps enable rural paramedic practice to emerge as a discipline in its own right, as an integral part of a rural multidisciplinary health care team.
The Effect of Provider Level Triage in a Military Treatment Facility Emergency Department
Authors: Barbee George , Berry-Cabán Cristóbal , Daymude Marc , Oliver Jeffrey , Gay Steven 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Studies show that patients who spend more than 2 hours in the emergency department (ED) report more dissatisfaction with their visits. To remedy this situation, several EDs have implemented programs that insert a medical provider into triage. The objective of this study was to determine whether a Physician Assistant (PA) and Combat Medic performing triage care during peak hours could increase patient throughput. Methods This study is a comparative analysis. We implemented an Emergency Department Provider Level Triage Team (PLTT) that consisted of 1 Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant and 1 Combat Medic to intervene in patient care in the ED at Womack Army Medical Center (WAMC), Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA. Three days of 12 hours shifts were selected during the peak hours of the ED and compared to the same period on days that did not have the intervention. Only patients categorized with an Emergency Severity Index of 2 or 3 were selected and compared. No additional medical, nursing and medic staff were used. This study was approved by the WAMC Institutional Review Board. Results In total, there were 241 cases during the trial period and 231 controls. Median times were significantly reduced (p=<0.001) during the intervention period. Times to analgesia (97.4 min v 171.1 min, p=0.03), time to laboratory results (103.8 min v 143.9 min, p=0.01), radiology (136.3 min v 181.6 min, p=<0.001), and to disposition (317.4 min v 334.6 min, p=0.05) were all decreased. Nearly 90% of patients in the intervention group said that their experience with the intervention was very good or outstanding. Conclusion The implementation of the PLTT model in our ED was associated with reduced time to healthcare provider assessment, decreased overall ED length of stay, and improved patient satisfaction.
The MOSDEF Survey: Significant Evolution in the Rest-frame Optical Emission Line Equivalent Widths of Star-forming Galaxies at z = 1.4–3.8
Authors: Reddy Naveen A. , Shapley Alice E. , Sanders Ryan L. , Kriek Mariska , Coil Alison L. , Shivaei Irene , Freeman William R. , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Azadi Mojegan , Fetherolf Tara , Fornasini Francesca M. , Leung Gene , Price Sedona H. , Zick Tom , Barro Guillermo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We use extensive spectroscopy from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey to investigate the relationships between rest-frame optical emission line equivalent widths (W) and a number of galaxy and interstellar medium (ISM) characteristics for a sample of 1134 star-forming galaxies at redshifts 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.8. We examine how the equivalent widths of

,

,

λλ4960, 5008,

+ Hβ,

, and

, depend on stellar mass, UV slope, age, star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (sSFR), ionization parameter and excitation conditions (O32 and

/Hβ), gas-phase metallicity, and ionizing photon production efficiency (ξ
ion). The trend of increasing W with decreasing stellar mass is strongest for

(and

+Hβ). More generally, the equivalent widths of all the lines increase with redshift at a fixed stellar mass or fixed gas-phase metallicity, suggesting that high equivalent width galaxies are common at high redshift. This redshift evolution in equivalent widths can be explained by the increase in SFR and decrease in metallicity with redshift at a fixed stellar mass. Consequently, the dependence of W on sSFR is largely invariant with redshift, particularly when examined for galaxies of a given metallicity. Our results show that high equivalent width galaxies, specifically those with high

, have low stellar masses, blue UV slopes, young ages, high sSFRs, ISM line ratios indicative of high ionization parameters, high ξ
ion, and low metallicities. As these characteristics are often attributed to galaxies with high ionizing escape fractions, galaxies with high W are likely candidates for the population that dominates cosmic reionization.
A Ground-based Near-ultraviolet Secondary Eclipse Observation of KELT-9b
Authors: Hooton Matthew J. , Watson Christopher A. , Mooij Ernst J. W. de , Gibson Neale P. , Kitzmann Daniel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
KELT-9b is a recently discovered exoplanet with a 1.49 day orbit around a B9.5/A0-type star. The unparalleled levels of ultraviolet irradiation that it receives from its host star put KELT-9b in its own unique class of ultra-hot Jupiters, with an equilibrium temperature >4000 K. The high quantities of dissociated hydrogen and atomic metals present in the dayside atmosphere of KELT-9b bear more resemblance to a K-type star than a gas giant. We present a single observation of KELT-9b during its secondary eclipse, taken with the Wide Field Camera on the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT). This observation was taken in the U-band, a window particularly sensitive to Rayleigh scattering. We do not detect a secondary eclipse signal, but our 3σ upper limit of 181 ppm on the depth allows us to constrain the dayside temperature of KELT-9b at pressures of ∼30 mbar to 4995 K (3σ). Although we can place an observational constraint of A

g
< 0.14, our models suggest that the actual value is considerably lower than this due to H− opacity. This places KELT-9b squarely in the albedo regime populated by its cooler cousins, almost all of which reflect very small components of the light incident on their daysides. This work demonstrates the ability of ground-based 2 m class telescopes like the INT to perform secondary eclipse studies in the near-ultraviolet, which have previously only been conducted from space-based facilities.
Formes littéraires à l’essai. Sur l’agentivité collective des écritures hors du livre
Authors: Murzilli Nancy 
Published: December 2018

Il est convenu de regrouper sous l’étiquette de « littérature hors du livre » les pratiques qui remettent en question le modèle institutionnel dominant d’une littérature centrée sur le livre. Il s'agit toutefois de savoir comment une telle critique est non seulement menée, mais également opérante. Adoptant une démarche pragmatiste, ce texte interroge l'agentivité collective des pratiques d'écriture hors du livre. Il fait l'hypothèse que celle-ci passe par la construction de dispositifs fictionnels qui fonctionnent comme des opérateurs d’expériences de pensée instituant nos actions communes futures.
Publier : une pratique artistique
Authors: Gilbert Annette 
Published: December 2018

Les pratiques de publication se sont tellement développées ces dernières années dans des zones plutôt expérimentales de l’art et de la littérature qu’elles ont fini par trouver un slogan : « Publishing as artistic practice », la publication comme pratique artistique. Faut-il comprendre de ce slogan que la publication est devenue une nouvelle branche des pratiques artistiques ou bien que seule une part de la publication peut y prétendre ? Dans certaines sphères du monde de l’art, la publication et la fabrication de livres constituent désormais un des éléments centraux des pratiques artistiques. Il n’est ainsi pas rare que l’édition et la publication soient non seulement intégrées dans la conception de l’œuvre elle-même, mais plus encore qu’elles soient l’œuvre véritable.
The Ghost in the Machine . Multimédia, algorithme et littérature artificielle
Authors: Nachtergael Magali 
Published: December 2018

La littérature hors du livre, en tant qu’objet critique et d’études, s’est définie en même temps que les écritures en ligne, numériques et sur écran ont connu un essor mondial. Il s’agit dans cet article de comprendre en quoi la technogénèse (N. Katherine Hayles) conditionne la perception de ce que peut être la littérature et la critique littéraire du « hors livre ». En prenant comme point de départ les interactions entre littératures expérimentales et médiums technologiques, l’article analyse l’influence du numérique sur le canon littéraire, le déplacement de la poétique vers une approche multimédiatique et le rôle des algorithmes dans la perception du champ littéraire hors du livre.
L’antiromantisme, l’État et le marché dans la France des années 1820 et 1830
Authors: Guillot Augustin 
Published: December 2018

Dès le début des années 1820, le discours antiromantique condamne son ennemi en alléguant sa dimension mercantile, fustigeant ainsi les logiques médiatiques et marchandes qui contribuent au renversement des valeurs littéraires. La réaction est d’autant plus vive que bien des auteurs hostiles à la littérature nouvelle se perçoivent en réalité comme des serviteurs de l’État, et s’investissent d’ailleurs fortement dans le monde académique et savant. Ainsi, la querelle du « classique » et du « romantique », loin de relever d’une opposition doctrinale, serait d’abord le symptôme éruptif d’une dissociation douloureuse du monde lettrée lui-même, de plus en plus déchiré entre la production institutionnelle du savoir d’un côté et la production marchande du littéraire de l’autre.
Un héritage impossible ? Les paradoxes de l’antiromantisme marxiste
Authors: Vanoosthuyse François 
Published: December 2018

Bien qu’ils se projettent dans un temps d’après le romantisme, les textes du jeune Marx portent la trace des admirations et des refus, des contacts et des tensions qu’il entretient avec lui. Marx ne tient pas de discours antiromantique, et n’envisage aucune poétique qui le dévaluerait. Mais il existe un antiromantisme marxiste, dont les racines plongent dans l’histoire du mouvement prolétarien, et qui a pris à l’époque stalinienne l’aspect d’une vulgate agressive. La critique d’obédience marxiste s’en est fait ou non l’écho : le romantisme y fait débat. Cette étude interroge la diversité des discours marxistes sur le romantisme, et pointe en particulier l’écart qui sépare Marx de ceux qui revendiquent sa filiation.
The Art of “Including Art” in Animation: DreamWorks’ Intertextual Games for All
Authors: González Rebeca Cristina López 
Published: December 2018

Art forms become interrelated when intertextual phenomena occur. The choice of previous art forms to create humour may seem to be a playful game, but it is the result of many kinds of inserted messages. Fourteen animated feature films by DreamWorks have been analysed and classified in depth (by using Sebeok’s (1986) intertextual categories, which were also described by Hatim & Mason (1990)), in order to demonstrate how animation is an art that encompasses other artistic productions. Firstly, art and animation will be defined in order to, secondly, use the corpus to exemplify the intertextual connections from other art forms. Lastly, the final quantitative and qualitative results will substantiate the conclusion that these productions by DreamWorks are an example of artistic cinematographic intertextuality.
Key words: animation, intertextuality, art forms, Children’s Literature..

Resumen
Las formas artísticas se interrelacionan cuando se pone en práctica el fenómeno intertextual. El uso de formas artísticas previas para crear humor puede parecer un juego pero es el resultado de la inserción de varios tipos de mensajes en un texto/discurso. Se analizan y clasifican en profundidad catorce películas de animación creadas por DreamWorks (se emplea para ello las categorías intertextuales propuestas por Sebeok (1986) descritas, a su vez, por Hatim & Mason (1990)), con el propósito de demostrar cómo la animación es un arte que engloba a otras producciones artísticas. En primer lugar, se definen los conceptos de arte y animación para, acto seguido, mostrar mediante el corpus cuáles son las conexiones intertextuales que provienen de otras formas artísticas. Los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos permiten concluir que las producciones animadas de DreamWorks son un ejemplo de intertextualidad cinematográfica artística.
Palabras clave: arte, álbumes, museos, galerías, contexto.

Resum
Les formes artístiques s’interrelacionen quan es posa en pràctica el fenomen intertextual. L’ús de formes artístiques prèvies per crear humor pot semblar un joc però és el resultat de la inserció de diversos tipus de missatges en un text/discurs. S’analitzen i classifiquen en profunditat catorze pel·lícules d’animació creades per DreamWorks (s’hi empra per a això les categories intertextuals proposades per Sebeok (1986) descrites, d’altra banda, per Hatim & Mason (1990)), amb el propòsit de demostrar com l’animació és un art que engloba d’altres produccions artístiques. En primer lloc, es defineixen els conceptes d’art i animació per a, tot seguit, mostrar mitjançant el corpus quines són les connexions intertextuals que provenen d’altres formes artístiques. Els resultats quantitatius i qualitatius permeten concloure que les produccions animades de DreamWork són un exemple d’intertextualitat cinematogràfica artística.
Paraules clau: animació, intertextualitat, formes artístiques, literatura infantil i juvenil.
Indecision Points
Authors: Zoughbie Daniel E. 
Published: December 2018

How a president who prided himself on his decisiveness vacillated between policy approaches in the Middle East.
Although George W. Bush memorably declared, “I'm the decider,” as president he was remarkably indecisive when it came to U.S. policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. His administration's policymaking featured an ongoing clash between moderate realists and conservative hard-liners inspired by right-wing religious ideas and a vision of democracy as cure-all. Riven by these competing agendas, the Bush administration vacillated between recognizing the Palestinian right to self-determination and embracing Israeli leaders who often chose war over negotiations. Through the years, the administration erratically adopted and discarded successive approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The results of this irresolution included the stunning triumph of Hamas in the 2006 Palestinian elections, Israel's 2006 invasion of Lebanon, the 2008–2009 clash between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, and, in the end, virtually no diplomatic progress toward lasting peace.
In Indecision Points, Daniel Zoughbie examines the major assumptions underpinning U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East during the Bush years. Was there one policy or two? Was the Bush administration truly serious about peace? In a compelling account, Zoughbie offers original insights into these and other important questions. Drawing on the auhtor's own interviews with forty-five global leaders, including Condoleezza Rice, former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, Kofi Annan, Colin Powell, Tom DeLay, Paul Wolfowitz, Douglas Feith, Richard Perle, Leon Panetta, Chuck Hagel, Shlomo Ben Ami, and Salam Fayyad, Indecision Points provides the first comprehensive history of the Bush administration's attempt to reshape political order in a “New Middle East.”
Soft Circuits
Authors: Peppler Kylie , Gresalfi Melissa , Salen Tekinbaş Katie , Santo Rafi 
Published: December 2018

Introducing students to the world of wearable technology.
Soft Circuits introduces students to the world of wearable technology. Using Modkit, an accessible DIY electronics toolkit, students learn to create e-textile cuffs, “electrici-tee” shirts, and solar-powered backpacks. Students also learn the importance of one component to the whole—how, for example, changing the structure of LED connections immediately affects the number of LEDs that light up.