bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the genetic basis of Fusarium seedling rot resistance in the MAGIC maize population: novel targets for breeding
Authors: Septiani Popi , Lanubile Alessandra , Stagnati Lorenzo , Busconi Matteo , Nelissen Hilde , Pè Mario Enrico , Dell’Acqua Matteo , Marocco Adriano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFungal infection by Fusarium verticillioides is cause of prevalent maize disease leading to substantial reductions in yield and grain quality worldwide. Maize resistance to the fungus may occur at different developmental stages, from seedling to maturity. The breeding of resistant maize genotypes may take advantage of the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for disease resistance already commenced at seedling level. The Multi-parent Advance Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population was used to conduct high-definition QTL mapping for Fusarium seedling rot (FSR) resistance using rolled towel assay. Infection severity level, seedling weight and length were measured on 401 MAGIC maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs). QTL mapping was performed on reconstructed RIL haplotypes. One-fifth of the MAGIC RILs were resistant to FSR and 10 QTL were identified. For FSR, two QTL were detected at 2.8 Mb and 241.8 Mb on chromosome 4, and one QTL at 169.6 Mb on chromosome 5. Transcriptomic and sequencing information generated on the MAGIC founder lines was used to guide the identification of eight candidate genes within the identified FSR QTL. We conclude that the rolled towel assay applied to the MAGIC maize population provides a fast and cost-effective method to identify QTL and candidate genes for early resistance to F. verticillioides in maize.
Contact application of neonicotinoids suppresses the predation rate in different densities of prey and induces paralysis of common farmland spiders
Authors: Řezáč Milan , Řezáčová Veronika , Heneberg Petr 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeonicotinoids are very effective in controlling crop pests but have adverse effects on predators and pollinators. Spiders are less sensitive to neonicotinoids compared to insects because of the different structure of their acetylcholine receptors, the binding targets of neonicotinoids. We tested whether short-term exposure to neonicotinoids affected the predation rate in different densities of prey of spiders and led to their paralysis or eventual death. To examine these effects, we topically exposed dominant epigeic, epiphytic and sheet-weaving farmland spiders to four widely used neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid). We applied the neonicotinoids at concentrations recommended by the manufacturers for spray application under field conditions. Short-term exposure to the formulations of all four tested neonicotinoids had adverse effects on the predation rate of spiders, with imidacloprid (Confidor) associated with the most severe effects on the predation rate and exhibiting partial acute lethality after one hour (15–32%). Acetamiprid also displayed strong sublethal effects, particularly when applied dorsally to Philodromus cespitum. Day-long exposure to dorsally applied acetamiprid or thiacloprid led to paralysis or death of multiple Linyphiidae spp., with the effects particularly prominent in males. To conclude, we provided multiple lines of evidence that short-term exposure to neonicotinoids, which were applied at recommended field concentrations, caused severe health effects or death in multiple families of spiders. Even acetamiprid caused strong effects, despite being subject to less strict regulations in the European Union, compared with those for imidacloprid because of claims of its negligible off-target toxicity.
Radiomic features and multilayer perceptron network classifier: a robust MRI classification strategy for distinguishing glioblastoma from primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Yun Jihye , Park Ji Eun , Lee Hyunna , Ham Sungwon , Kim Namkug , Kim Ho Sung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe aimed to establish a high-performing and robust classification strategy, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with combinations of feature extraction and selection in human and machine learning using radiomics or deep features by employing a small dataset. Using diffusion and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images obtained from patients with glioblastomas and primary central nervous system lymphomas, classification task was assigned to a combination of radiomic features and (1) supervised machine learning after feature selection or (2) multilayer perceptron (MLP) network; or MR image input without radiomic feature extraction to (3) two neuro-radiologists or (4) an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN). The results showed similar high performance in generalized linear model (GLM) classifier and MLP using radiomics features in the internal validation set, but MLP network remained robust in the external validation set obtained using different MRI protocols. CNN showed the lowest performance in both validation sets. Our results reveal that a combination of radiomic features and MLP network classifier serves a high-performing and generalizable model for classification task for a small dataset with heterogeneous MRI protocols.
Differences in glutamate uptake between cortical regions impact neuronal NMDA receptor activation
Authors: Romanos Jennifer , Benke Dietmar , Saab Aiman S. , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Santello Mirko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRemoval of synaptically-released glutamate by astrocytes is necessary to spatially and temporally limit neuronal activation. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes may have specialized functions in specific circuits, but the extent and significance of such specialization are unclear. By performing direct patch-clamp recordings and two-photon glutamate imaging, we report that in the somatosensory cortex, glutamate uptake by astrocytes is slower during sustained synaptic stimulation when compared to lower stimulation frequencies. Conversely, glutamate uptake capacity is increased in the frontal cortex during higher frequency synaptic stimulation, thereby limiting extracellular buildup of glutamate and NMDA receptor activation in layer 5 pyramidal neurons. This efficient glutamate clearance relies on Na+/K+-ATPase function and both GLT-1 and non-GLT-1 transporters. Thus, by enhancing their glutamate uptake capacity, astrocytes in the frontal cortex may prevent excessive neuronal excitation during intense synaptic activity. These results may explain why diseases associated with network hyperexcitability differentially affect individual brain areas.
Reactivity of Cu(ii)–, Zn(ii)– and Fe(ii)–thiosemicarbazone complexes with glutathione and metallothionein: from stability to dissociation to transmetallation
Authors: Santoro Alice , Vileno Bertrand , Palacios Òscar , Peris-Díaz Manuel David , Riegel Gilles , Gaiddon Christian , Krężel Artur , Faller Peter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of strong metal ion ligands, which are currently being investigated for several applications, such as anticancer treatment. In addition to these ligands only, which exert their activity upon interaction with metal ions in cells, preformed metal–TSC complexes are also widely studied, predominantly with the essential metal ions iron, copper and zinc. Currently, it is unclear what the active species are, which complexes are present and what are their biological targets. Herein, we study the complexes of copper(ii), zinc(ii) and iron(ii) with three TSCs, PT, 3-AP (triapine) and Dp44mT, (latter two are currently in clinical trials), concerning their reactivity with glutathione (GSH) and Zn7-metallothionein (Zn7MT-1, 2 and 3). These two cysteine-containing molecules can have a major impact on metal–TSC complexes because they are abundant in the cytosol and nucleus, they are strong metal ligands and have the potential to reduce Cu(ii) and Fe(iii). Our results indicate that Fe(ii)–TSC is stable in the presence of typical cytosolic concentrations of GSH and Zn7MT. In contrast, all three Cu(ii)–TSCs react rapidly due to the reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i), which is then transferred to MT. This suggests that Cu(ii)–TSCs are rapidly dissociated in a cytosolic-type environment and the catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species by Cu(ii)–TSCs is stopped. Moreover, in the case Cu(ii)–Dp44mT, transmetallation with Zn(ii) from MT occurs. The reaction of Zn(ii)–TSCs is ligand dependent, from predominant dissociation for PT and 3-AP, to very little dissociation of Zn(ii)–Dp44mT2. These results indicate that GSH and Zn7MT may be important factors in the fate of Cu(ii)– and Zn(ii)–TSCs. In particular, for Cu, its chemistry is complex, and these reactions may also occur for other families of Cu-complexes used in cancer treatment or for other applications.
Compact SIW cavity MIMO antenna with enhanced bandwidth and high isolation
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: April 2019

A compact substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with enhanced bandwidth and high isolation is proposed. It is based on a triangle half‐mode SIW cavity with one open edge and two edges shorted by metallic vias. By etching three slots, the single cavity can be divided into four eighth‐mode sub‐cavities. Two large sub‐cavities with the same size are excited by two coaxial ports to construct two antenna elements and a wide slot between them is utilised as the de‐coupler. Therefore, high isolation can be obtained. On the other hand, cavity energy can be coupled from the excited sub‐cavities to the unexcited sub‐cavities due to two narrow T‐shaped slots serving as the couplers. Therefore, enhanced bandwidth can be achieved by merging two coupled modes into the required operating band. A fabricated prototype centring at 3.51 GHz has been measured. With a compact size of 0.59λ0 × 0.59λ0, enhanced bandwidth of 160 MHz, high isolation of 19.5 dB, the antenna gain of 4.9 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 72.8%, the proposed design has potential applications for fifth‐generation communication.
Epidermal growth factor receptor is a host-entry cofactor triggering hepatitis B virus internalization
Authors: Iwamoto Masashi , Saso Wakana , Sugiyama Ryuichi , Ishii Koji , Ohki Mio , Nagamori Shushi , Suzuki Ryosuke , Aizaki Hideki , Ryo Akihide , Yun Ji-Hye , Park Sam-Yong , Ohtani Naoko , Muramatsu Masamichi , Iwami Shingo , Tanaka Yasuhito , Sureau Camille , Wakita Takaji , Watashi Koichi 
Published: April 2019

Significance
For achieving efficient entry into host cells, viruses utilize multiple host factors for mediating the stepwise entry process. Sole expression of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a cellular receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV), is not sufficient for the efficient viral internalization into hepatocytes. Here, we identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a host factor that interacts with NTCP and mediates HBV internalization. Dissociation of the NTCP–EGFR interaction or functional depletion of EGFR attenuated the viral internalization to NTCP-expressing cells and infection. Our data suggest that HBV enters human hepatocytes using an intrinsic NTCP–EGFR complex as a driving force. EGFR is thus an entry cofactor required for HBV infection of the human liver.
Imaging the Renner–Teller effect using laser-induced electron diffraction
Authors: Amini Kasra , Sclafani Michele , Steinle Tobias , Le Anh-Thu , Sanchez Aurelien , Müller Carolin , Steinmetzer Johannes , Yue Lun , Martínez Saavedra José Ramón , Hemmer Michaël , Lewenstein Maciej , Moshammer Robert , Pfeifer Thomas , Pullen Michael G. , Ullrich Joachim , Wolter Benjamin , Moszynski Robert , García de Abajo F. Javier , Lin C. D. , Gräfe Stefanie , Biegert Jens 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Laser-induced electron diffraction is a molecular-scale electron microscopy that captures clean snapshots of a molecule’s geometry with subatomic picometer and attosecond spatiotemporal resolution. We induce and unambiguously identify the stretching and bending of a linear triatomic molecule following the excitation of the molecule to an excited electronic state with a bent and stretched geometry. We show that we can directly retrieve the structure of electronically excited molecules that is otherwise possible through indirect retrieval methods such as pump–probe and rotational spectroscopy measurements.
The VocabLab tests
Authors: Peters Elke , Velghe Tom , Van Rompaey Tinne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study describes the development of an English and French multiple choice vocabulary test – the
VocabLab tests – that measure learners’ knowledge at four frequency levels up to the most frequent 5,000
words: the 2,000-level, 3,000-level, 4,000-level, and the 5,000-level. The two tests aimed to address some of the limitations of
tests currently in use. First, they are sampled from recent frequency lists. Second, they are geared towards Dutch-speaking
learners of English and French in Flanders. Third, they attempt to minimize guessing by including an “I don’t know”-option. The
findings showed that the tests are internally consistent. Mean scores decreased when the words were less frequent, lending
evidence to the tests’ construct validity. Additionally, the tests seem to be able to discriminate between different proficiency
levels. As both tests were developed according to the same principles, they can be used to compare learners’ English and French
vocabulary knowledge.
The development of dynamicity in the acquisition of Spanish by Chinese learners
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Díaz Lourdes , Taulé Mariona 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The acquisition of aspect in L2 is influenced by the properties of the lexical-aspectual class, coercion at the
syntactic-pragmatic interface and grounding information (foreground and background) in discourse. This paper addresses how these
linguistic functions influence the acquisition of Spanish aspectual past tenses (pretérito indefinido and pretérito imperfecto) by
Mandarin Chinese learners. The results show that activities and accomplishments are more problematic for learners to acquire and
that dynamicity, rather than telicity, plays a determinant role for Chinese learners. Moreover, factors concerning coercion – a
pragmatic and discourse mechanismremain difficult to master at C1. Our results also support the Discourse Hypothesis, though
showing different patterns of association (lexical and grammatical aspect) across levels. We conclude that an integrative
perspective gives a better account of the acquisition process of Spanish aspectual tenses
Kinship metaphors in the Chinese construction A shi B zhi fu/mu
Authors: Zhu Lin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This corpus-driven study focuses on two metaphorically used kinship terms in Modern Chinese, 父 fu ‘father’ and 母 mu ‘mother’. Under investigation are two constructions [A shi B zhi fu] ‘A is the father of B’ and [A shi B zhi mu] ‘A is the mother of B’. It is found that the figurative meanings expressed by mu (mother) are more conventionalized than those expressed by fu. The study shows that mu has higher metaphoricity, and I argue that the degree of metaphoricity of the two kinship terms in Chinese is a function both of the experiential basis of cognition in terms of universal biological phenomenon and of cultural constraints, especially Confucian thoughts, on conceptualization.
The fuzzy interface between censorship and self-censorship in translation
Authors: Tan Zaixi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present research explores how the self-censoring mechanism is established in the translator’s mind and how
this internal mechanism interfaces with external, institutional censorial policies to affect both the process and the outcome of a
translation. The paper begins with a discussion of the ubiquitous nature of censorship and how the translator internalizes various
coercive censorial forces. Based on detailed case studies of three well-known censorship/ self-censorship-affected Chinese
translations – those of Lolita, Animal Farm, and Deng Xiaoping – this research finds that when
certain values, ideologies, cultural practices and moral presuppositions become internalized by translators, their censorial
behavior is no longer a coerced option but an active choice of their own, and also that there is often no clear dividing line
between what is coerced (censoring) and what is one’s own (self-censoring) action in contexts where ‘politically/ culturally
sensitive’ source texts are bound to be scrutinized by the censor’s/ self-censor’s eye before they enter the translations
market.
Habitat Management for Pest Management: Limitations and Prospects
Authors: González-Chang Mauricio , Tiwari Sundar , Sharma Sheela , Wratten Steve D 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHabitat management is an important strategy for pest control in integrated pest management (IPM). Various categories of habitat management such as trap cropping, intercropping, natural enemy refuges such as ‘beetle banks’, and floral resources for parasitoids and predators, have been used in applied insect ecology for many years. In a broader sense, two mechanisms, the ‘enemies hypothesis’ and the ‘resource concentration hypothesis’ have been identified as acting independently or combined in pest population dynamics. The ‘enemies hypothesis’ directly supports the conservation and enhancement of natural enemies, floral resources such as shelter, nectar, alternative food sources, and pollen (SNAP) to improve conservation biological control. The ‘resource concentration hypothesis’ emphasizes how the host selection behavior of herbivores in a diverse habitat can reduce pest colonization in crops. This review emphasizes the potential of these approaches, as well as possible dis-services, and includes limitations and considerations needed to boost the efficacy of these strategies worldwide.
Scaling Up Hepatitis C Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Achieving Elimination in the United States: A Rural and Urban Comparison
Authors: Fraser Hannah , Vellozzi Claudia , Hoerger Thomas J , Evans Jennifer L , Kral Alex H , Havens Jennifer , Young April M , Stone Jack , Handanagic Senad , Hariri Susan , Barbosa Carolina , Hickman Matthew , Leib Alyssa , Martin Natasha K , Nerlander Lina , Raymond Henry F , Page Kimberly , Zibbell Jon , Ward John W , Vickerman Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is rising among people who inject drugs (PWID). Many regions have insufficient prevention intervention coverage. Using modeling, we investigated the impact of scaling up prevention and treatment interventions on HCV transmission among PWID in Perry County, Kentucky, and San Francisco, California, where HCV seroprevalence among PWID is &gt;50%. A greater proportion of PWID access medication-assisted treatment (MAT) or syringe service programs (SSP) in urban San Francisco (established community) than in rural Perry County (young, expanding community). We modeled the proportion of HCV-infected PWID needing HCV treatment annually to reduce HCV incidence by 90% by 2030, with and without MAT scale-up (50% coverage, both settings) and SSP scale-up (Perry County only) from 2017. With current MAT and SSP coverage during 2017–2030, HCV incidence would increase in Perry County (from 21.3 to 22.6 per 100 person-years) and decrease in San Francisco (from 12.9 to 11.9 per 100 person-years). With concurrent MAT and SSP scale-up, 5% per year of HCV-infected PWID would need HCV treatment in Perry County to achieve incidence targets—13% per year without MAT and SSP scale-up. In San Francisco, a similar proportion would need HCV treatment (10% per year) irrespective of MAT scale-up. Reaching the same impact by 2025 would require increases in treatment rates of 45%–82%. Achievable provision of HCV treatment, alongside MAT and SSP scale-up (Perry County) and MAT scale-up (San Francisco), could reduce HCV incidence.
Telemonitoring of 24-Hour Blood Pressure in Local Pharmacies and Blood Pressure Control in the Community: The Templar Project
Authors: Omboni Stefano , Mancinelli Antonio , Rizzi Franco , Parati Gianfranco ,   TEMPLAR (TEleMonitoring of blood Pressure in Local phARmacies) Project Group
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The analysis of ambulatory blood pressure monitorings (ABPMs) performed in 639 Italian pharmacies in the context of a telehealth-based service allowed to evaluate the level of blood pressure (BP) control in the community.

METHODS
Twenty-four-hour ABPMs were performed by a clinically validated, automated, upper-arm BP monitor. Recordings were uploaded on a certified web-based telemedicine platform (www.tholomeus.net) and remote medical reporting provided. In each subject, an automatic BP measurement was obtained in the pharmacy and clinical information collected before starting the ABPM.

RESULTS
A total of 20,773 subjects (mean age 57 ± 15 years; 54% females; 28% receiving antihypertensive medications, 31% with any cardiovascular [CV] risk factor) provided valid ABPMs. BP control was poor, but better in ambulatory conditions (24-hour BP &lt;130/80 mm Hg 54% vs. pharmacy BP &lt; 140/90 mm Hg 43%; P &lt; 0.0001) and in drug-treated subjects. Sustained normotension was reported in only 28% subjects. Isolated nocturnal hypertension (16%; nighttime BP ≥120/70 mm Hg with normal daytime BP) was more common (P &lt; 0.0001) than isolated daytime hypertension (9%; daytime BP ≥ 135/85 mm Hg with normal nighttime BP). Sustained hypertension (43%) was more common in younger males at the lowest CV risk, with daytime hypertension. White-coat hypertension (14%) was more common in females. Masked hypertension was not uncommon (15%) and more often observed in older males with an elevated nocturnal BP.

CONCLUSIONS
A telemedicine-based service provided to community pharmacies may facilitate access to ABPM, thus favoring a more accurate hypertension screening and detection. It may also help describe the occurrence of different 24-hour BP phenotypes and personalize the physician’s intervention.
A benefit to providing information? Flower size cues, plant attractiveness, and plant visit length
Authors: Essenberg Carla J , Guevarra Paige E , Moreau Hadley M , Jordan Cody J , Zisman Talia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In many plant species, flower size is correlated with the production of floral rewards such as nectar and pollen and, therefore, provides information to pollinators about flower quality. However, how relationships between flower size and rewards influence plant fitness is not well understood. In particular, it is unclear whether indicating to pollinators which flowers are unrewarding harms or benefits plants. We used a laboratory system with artificial flowers to examine bumblebees’ (Bombus impatiens) responses to plants that had flower size as an informative cue (with large flowers rewarding and small flowers unrewarding) as compared with “deceptive” plants that had a mixture of rewarding and unrewarding large flowers and plants with only large, rewarding flowers. Bees had previously foraged in a context in which only large flowers provided rewards. Small flowers were visited less often than large flowers. In comparing plants with different numbers of flowers, we found that small flowers, although they added less to a plant’s attractiveness than large flowers, did increase a plant’s attractiveness if present in sufficient number. Furthermore, plants with informative cues received substantially fewer flower visits per plant visit in comparison with deceptive plants, even when the plants with informative cues had a larger number of flowers. Cues identifying unrewarding flowers could, therefore, reduce rates of within-plant pollen movement, increasing the plant’s fitness gains per flower visit. Their contribution to whole-plant attractiveness and avoidance of inbreeding could help explain why many plants produce small, relatively unrewarding flowers even though pollinators avoid visiting them.