bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FHA, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Great Recession
Authors: Passmore Wayne , Sherlund Shane M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDid government mortgage programs mitigate the adverse economic effects of the 2007–2009 Great Recession? We find that counties with greater participation in precrisis government mortgage programs experienced less‐severe economic downturns during the Great Recession. In particular, counties with higher proportions of Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac lending prior to the financial crisis had smaller increases in serious delinquency and foreclosure rates; smaller declines in mortgage purchase originations, house prices, and new automobile purchases; and smaller increases in unemployment rates. Some of these effects were still evident in 2014 despite numerous new government policies and programs designed to promote economic recovery. We conclude that preexisting mortgage programs with more stable underwriting standards, credit risk pricing and liquidity played a key role in supporting economic conditions during the Great Recession.
Occurrence rates of wild rodent hosts and chigger mites and the infection rate ofOrientia tsutsugamushiin the central region of South Korea from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Choi Moon Bo , Kim Yeongbu , Kim Da Young , Kwon Ohseok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOutbreaks of vector‐borne diseases are dramatically increasing because of climate change, consequently increasing the importance of surveillance of endemic disease vectors. In this study, we surveyed chigger mites, vectors forOrientia tsutsugamushi—the bacteria that causes Tsutsugamushi disease—, and their rodent hosts in Gimcheon, central South Korea, in 2015–2018. A total of 225 rodents were collected, with trap rate and percentage of rodents infected by chigger mites of 9.8 and 72.4%, respectively. Six species of rodents from five genera were collected, the most common rodent beingApodemus agrarius(n = 153, infection rate = 90.8%). The highest number of rodents was collected in spring (trap rate = 10.3), but the rate of infected rodents was higher in fall (81.5%) than in spring (61.3%). Trap rate was highest for bank near waterway (17.9), but the chigger index (CI) was highest in hill (224.1). A total of 20,534 (CI 126.0) chigger mite individuals from 10 species and three genera were found on the collected rodents. The most common species wasLeptotrombidium pallidum(n = 7,982, 83.6%, CI 49.0), followed byL. palpaleandL. scutellare. Chigger mites were most frequent at banks near waterway (n = 11,093, CI 152.0) and hill (n = 2,017, CI 224.1). To detectO. tsutsugamushiin chigger mites, 450 pools of chigger mites (n = 10,991) were analyzed; 24 pools were positive—23 ofA. agrarius, the most frequently collected species in South Korea, 1 ofMicromys minutus—and the minimum positive rate (MPR) was 0.22. The detected strain types included Boryong (dominant in all years, seasons, and habitats), Jecheon, 07–489, and IIOC1202.
Viral composition and context in metagenomes from biofilm and suspended growth municipal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Petrovich Morgan L. , Ben Maamar Sarah , Hartmann Erica M. , Murphy Brian T. , Poretsky Rachel S. , Wells George F. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain high density and diversity of viruses which can significantly impact microbial communities in aquatic systems. While previous studies have investigated viruses in WWTP samples that have been specifically concentrated for viruses and filtered to exclude bacteria, little is known about viral communities associated with bacterial communities throughout wastewater treatment systems. Additionally, differences in viral composition between attached and suspended growth wastewater treatment bioprocesses are not well characterized. Here, shotgun metagenomics was used to analyse wastewater and biomass from transects through two full‐scale WWTPs for viral composition and associations with bacterial hosts. One WWTP used a suspended growth activated sludge bioreactor and the other used a biofilm reactor (trickling filter). Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae were the dominant viral families throughout both WWTPs, which are all from the order Caudovirales. Beta diversity analysis of viral sequences showed that samples clustered significantly both by plant and by specific sampling location. For each WWTP, the overall bacterial community structure was significantly different than community structure of bacterial taxa associated with viral sequences. These findings highlight viral community composition in transects through different WWTPs and provide context for dsDNA viral sequences in bacterial communities from these systems.
The Effects of Irrigation and Climate on the High Plains Aquifer: A County‐Level Econometric Analysis
Authors: Silva Felipe , Fulginiti Lilyan , Perrin Richard , Schoengold Karina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe High Plains Aquifer (HPA) underlies parts of eight states and 208 counties in the central area of the United States (U.S.). This region produces more than 9% of U.S. crops sales and relies on the aquifer for irrigation. However, these withdrawals have diminished the stock of water in the aquifer. In this paper, we investigate the aggregate county‐level effect on the HPA of groundwater withdrawal for irrigation, of climate variables, and of energy price changes. We merge economic theory and hydrological characteristics to jointly estimate equations describing irrigation behavior and a generalized water balance equation for the HPA. Our simple water balance model predicts, at average values for irrigation and precipitation, an HPA‐wide average decrease in the groundwater table of 0.47 feet per year, compared to 0.48 feet per year observed on average across the HPA during this 1985–2005 period. The observed distribution and predicted change across counties is in the (−3.22, 1.59) and (−2.24, 0.60) feet per year range, respectively. The estimated impact of irrigation is to decrease the water table by an average of 1.24 feet per year, whereas rainfall recharges the level by an average of 0.76 feet per year. Relative to the past several decades, if groundwater use is unconstrained, groundwater depletion would increase 50% in a scenario where precipitation falls by 25% and the number of degree days above 36°C doubles. Editor’s note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
esdm: A tool for creating and exploring ensembles of predictions from species distribution and abundance models
Authors: Woodman Samuel M. , Forney Karin A. , Becker Elizabeth A. , DeAngelis Monica L. , Hazen Elliott L. , Palacios Daniel M. , Redfern Jessica V. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are a valuable statistical approach for both understanding species distributions and identifying potential impacts of environmental changes or management decisions to species, but multiple SDMs for the same species in a region can create confusion in decision‐making processes.

One solution is to create ensembles (i.e. combinations) of predictions from existing SDMs. However, creating ensembles can be challenging if the predictions were made at different spatial resolutions, using different data sources, or with different prediction value types (e.g. abundance and probability of occurrence).

We present esdm, an r package that allows users to create an ensemble of SDM predictions overlaid onto a single base geometry. These predictions can be evaluated (e.g. through among‐model uncertainty or AUC, TSS and RMSE metrics), mapped, and exported. esdm includes a built‐in GUI created using the r package shiny, which makes the package accessible to non‐r users.

We provide an overview of esdm functionality and use esdm to create an ensemble of predictions from three blue whale Balaenoptera musculus SDMs for the California Current Ecosystem.
A survey of the views and practices of abortion of the New Zealand Fellows and trainees of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Authors: Macfarlane Emma , Paterson Helen 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAbortion is a common procedure in New Zealand (NZ). Currently, it is only legal when two certifying consultants agree that the person seeking an abortion meets the statutory grounds outlined in Section 187A of the NZ Crimes Act (1961). The Crimes Act also states that one‐half of certifying consultants must be practising obstetricians/gynaecologists. However, with abortion law reform on the political agenda, the way that abortion services are provided in NZ may change.AimThis survey of NZ Fellows and trainees evaluates their attitudes toward training requirements for abortion, abortion care provision, and conscientious objection.Materials and methodsA pre‐validated questionnaire was sent electronically to all NZ trainees and Fellows. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysed using generalised inductive thematic analysis.ResultsMost respondents (95.9%) believe that abortion should be available and 46.8% of respondents either provide abortion, or counsel women about their options and refer. The majority of respondents (73%) support abortion training in FRANZCOG and 68.5% support training in DRANZCOG. Qualitative data reflect a range of views on abortion, the role of conscientious objection in abortion care, and gestational limits.ConclusionThis study identifies overall support for abortion provision in NZ and abortion training. However, there is a range of views and practices of abortion among RANZCOG trainees and Fellows that reflects the complexity of the abortion debate.
Les cabinets ministériels au Québec : pouvoirs et paradoxes
Authors: Montigny Eric , Jacob Steve 
Published: August 2019

SommaireCet article a pour objectif de présenter le rôle central joué par les cabinets ministériels dans la mise en place des politiques publiques au Québec. S’appuyant sur une perspective ethnographique, les auteurs y présentent le fruit de leur expérience et ce, tant au niveau ministériel que premier ministériel. Dans le contexte québécois, ils effectuent une analyse structurelle des cabinets ministériels ainsi qu’une analyse des codes culturels et règlementaires qui s’y appliquent. Ils présentent également les relations politiques et politico‐administratives qui déterminent le cheminement des dossiers initiés par les membres de l’exécutif québécois. Ils y constatent un paradoxe. Les cabinets disposent de la capacité réelle d’initier de nouvelles politiques publiques. Ils évoluent cependant dans un environnement complexe, ce qui limite considérablement leur volonté d’action. À la remorque des crises, des travaux parlementaires et des résistances administratives, ils s’avèrent plus réactifs que proactifs au quotidien.
Oligodendrocytes in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kang Minkyung , Yao Yao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular disorder with high mortality and disability rates. Although a lot of effort has been put in ICH, there is still no effective treatment for this devastating disease. Recent studies suggest that oligodendrocytes play an important role in brain repair after ICH and thus may be targeted for the therapies of ICH. Here in this review, we first introduce the origin, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination of oligodendrocytes under physiological condition. Second, recent findings on how ICH affects oligodendrocyte biology and function are reviewed. Third, potential crosstalk between oligodendrocytes and other cells in the brain is also summarized. Last, we discuss the therapeutic potential of oligodendrocyte‐based treatments in ICH. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review on the biology and function of oligodendrocytes under both physiological and ICH conditions.
Metabolomic Differentials in Women With and Without Fibromyalgia
Authors: Menzies Victoria , Starkweather Angela , Yao Yingwei , Thacker Leroy R. , Garrett Timothy J. , Swift‐Scanlan Theresa , Kelly Debra Lynch , Patel Param , Lyon Debra E. 
Published: August 2019

A nontargeted plasma metabolomic analysis was conducted to compare differentially expressed metabolites in women with and without fibromyalgia (FM) using data and samples collected from two parent studies in women with FM (n = 20) and comparative data collected from newly recruited age‐matched women (n = 20). Blood plasma samples were analyzed for metabolite content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Consolidation of positive and negative ion mode metabolomics data with fold change (>2 or <0.5) and variable importance of projection scores ≥1 revealed statistically significant metabolites comparing samples from women with and without FM. Metabolite profiles in patients with FM differed from the comparison group in energy, lipid and amino acid metabolites reflecting heightened oxidative stress, inflammation, and tryptophan degradation in patients with FM. Study results may contribute to further identification of unique metabolomic profiles enhancing understanding of the pathophysiology of FM and for the development of effective therapeutic options.
Phenotypic variations of gastric neoplasms in familial adenomatous polyposis are associated with endoscopic status of atrophic gastritis
Authors: Nakano Kaoru , Kawachi Hiroshi , Chino Akiko , Kita Mizuho , Arai Masami , Ide Daisuke , Saito Shoichi , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimGastric neoplasms (GN), including gastric adenoma and carcinoma, are well known as extracolonic manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of GN in FAP patients and to clarify their relationship with the endoscopic status of the background mucosa.MethodsWe analyzed the records of 39 patients who were diagnosed with FAP and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between April 2005 and July 2016. Patients were divided into two groups according to atrophic gastritis (AG) status. Endoscopic findings of GN and background mucosa, and histopathological findings, including phenotypic expression of GN and mutation locus of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, were evaluated.ResultsGastric neoplasms were more predominant in the AG‐positive group than in the AG‐negative group (6/9, 66.7% vs 7/30, 23.3%; P = 0.039). Of 36 GN detected in 13 patients, six GN in five patients were followed and 30 GN in eight patients were endoscopically resected and analyzed. GN in the AG‐negative group frequently showed whitish color, were located in the proximal stomach, and presented the gastric immunophenotype compared to GN in the AG‐positive group. All GN were intramucosal lesions and were curatively resected regardless of AG status. APC germline mutations were identified in 32 patients. In patients with GN, a significantly higher number of mutation loci were among exons 10–15 (codons 564–1465).ConclusionClinicopathological characteristics and phenotypic expressions of GN in FAP patients depend on background mucosa status with or without AG. These findings are useful for detecting GN in FAP patients.
A cumulative belief degree approach for group decision‐making problems with heterogeneous information
Authors: Ervural Bilal , Kabak Özgür 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn some complex group decision‐making (GDM) problems, the information needing to be processed may be heterogeneous. This may involve consideration of objective and subjective criteria by experts who have their own particular set of criteria, their own preference format for assessing alternatives under these criteria, and who may themselves be assigned differing importance weights as experts. This paper presents a cumulative belief degree approach to cope with heterogeneous information in multiple attribute GDM problems. The proposed approach focuses to aggregate subjective expert assessments and objective criteria that are presented in various representation formats and scales. The methodology employs transformation formulae for several preference representation scales to belief structure, including 2‐tuple representation, classical fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Aggregation formulae are proposed to combine expert criteria evaluations and find a collective preference. A consensus degree is calculated for measuring the agreement between the experts. An illustrative example is presented to clarify the steps of the methodology, and validity of the approach is assured through comparative analysis with the existing methods.
MIM1 induces COLO829 melanoma cell death through mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA damage
Authors: Respondek Michalina , Beberok Artur , Rzepka Zuzanna , Rok Jakub , Wrześniok Dorota 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMalignant melanoma is a high aggressive malignancy in humans and causes 60–80% of deaths from skin cancer. Defect in an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via overexpression of Mcl‐1 is responsible for malignant melanoma development and progression, and also for resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. MIM1 is a specific low molecular Mcl‐1 protein inhibitor that is able to induce Mcl‐1‐dependent cancer cells death. Here, we examined the effect of MIM1 as well as MIM1 and dacarbazine (DTIC) mixture on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression in COLO829 melanoma cells. Cell viability was performed by the WST‐1 assay. Analysis of apoptosis as well as cell cycle progression was determined by fluorescence image cytometer NucleoCounter NC‐3000. The obtained results demonstrated that the MIM1 exhibited high cytotoxicity against melanotic melanoma cells and induced mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, MIM1 enhanced the proapoptotic effect of DTIC toward melanoma cells; furthermore, a mixture of these drugs caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in COLO829 cells. Taken together, these data provide, for the first time, evidence that a low molecular weight Mcl‐1 inhibitor—MIM1 may be a promising agent with antitumor and proapoptotic properties toward melanoma cells.
In vitro assessment of P‐gp and BCRP transporter‐mediated drug–drug interactions of riociguat with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Jacqueroux Elodie , Mercier Clément , Margelidon‐Cozzolino Victor , Hodin Sophie , Bertoletti Laurent , Delavenne Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs an alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly prescribed in combination with riociguat in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Pharmacokinetics of riociguat and DOACs are influenced by efflux transporters, such as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). This work aimed to assess P‐gp and BCRP‐mediated drug–drug interactions of riociguat with DOACs using in vitro models. Bidirectional permeabilities of apixaban and rivaroxaban were investigated across MDCK‐MDR1 and MDCK‐BCRP models, in the absence and in the presence of increasing concentrations of riociguat (0.5–100 μm). Calculated efflux ratios were subsequently used to determine riociguat inhibition percentages and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). P‐gp–mediated efflux of apixaban and rivaroxaban was inhibited by 8% and 21%, respectively, in the presence of 100 μm riociguat. BCRP‐mediated transport of apixaban and rivaroxaban was inhibited by 36% and 77%, respectively. IC50s of riociguat on MDCK‐MDR1 and MDCK‐BCRP models were higher than 100 μm for apixaban and higher than 100 μm and 46.5 μm for rivaroxaban, respectively. This work showed an in vitro inhibition of BCRP‐mediated DOACs transport by riociguat. In vivo studies may be required to determine the clinical relevance of these transporter‐mediated interactions.
Factors influencing fallback by adult Atlantic salmon following transport into a novel river reach
Authors: Frechette Danielle M. , Goerig Elsa , Bergeron Normand E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransport of salmonids allows upstream migrating adults to bypass barriers to migration, for example hydroelectric dams or adverse habitats. Downstream movement (“fallback”) after transport is common and removes individuals from spawning populations, with possible detrimental consequences for population productivity. Time‐to‐event analysis was used to determine effects of fish characteristics, transport conditions and environmental variables on fallback by adult Atlantic salmon transported to an inaccessible river reach as a population enhancement strategy on the Rivière Sainte‐Marguerite Nord‐Est (Québec, Canada). Of 68 salmon transported, 19 exhibited post‐transport fallback within seven days of transport. Fork length (FL) was the only factor that increased risk of post‐transport fallback; there was a 5% increase in the proportion of large salmon (≥780 mm FL) exhibiting post‐transport fallback relative to individuals of median size (750 mm FL). Although the present study was limited by small sample size, the findings will help inform design of transport programmes in freshwater systems.
Comparing the roles of Pacific halibut and arrowtooth flounder within the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem and fishing economy
Authors: Ruzicka James J. , Kasperski Stephen , Zador Stephani , Himes‐Cornell Amber 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fishing industry of the western and central regions of the coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGoA) directly employs over 17,000 people and processes fish with a wholesale value of US$618 million annually. Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) are a valued groundfish species because of the high quality of their flesh. In contrast, arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) are much more abundant but of low value because their flesh degrades upon heating. Both are high trophic level predators but play different roles in the ecosystem because of differences in abundance and diet. Using an end‐to‐end ecosystem model, we evaluate the impact of alternate levels of fishing effort and large‐scale changes in oceanographic conditions upon both species, the ecosystem, and the fishing economy. Reduction of longline efforts to reduce Pacific halibut mortality led to reduction in total value of all CGoA landings but increase in value landed by sport fisheries, trawl fleets, and fish pot vessels as they exploit a greater share of available halibut, sablefish, and Pacific cod. Increased trawl effort to raise arrowtooth flounder mortality led to increase in total value of all landings but large reductions in value landed by longline, jig, fish pot, and sport fleets with greater competition for available Pacific cod, halibut, and sablefish. Oceanographic conditions that enhance pelagic food chains at the expense of benthic food chains negatively impact groundfish in general, though Pacific halibut and arrowtooth flounder are resilient to these effects because of the high importance of pelagic fish in their diets.