bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roman Antiquities, Fifeshire
Authors: Wilson Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Dr. Daniel Wilson shared news of a remarkable Roman coin hoard in Portmoak, in a farm field that was once a deep bog. The coins were found just below the surface by a farm hand as he reaped that year's crop. The hoard comprised coins that covered an unbroken century-plus of emporers from Nero to Severus. Dr. Wilson remarks that this shows that dating inferences on the basis of coins is a rather dubious practice. He proceeds to give a numismatic description of a number of the coins.

Following this are the meeting minutes of March 30, 1852, when the third conversazione of the season was held.
P(N‐phenylmaleimide‐alt‐styrene) as a heat‐resistant agent in the application of nylon 6
Authors: Liu Yufei , He Min , Yan Wei , Zhang Daohai , Zhao Qian , Qin Shuhao , Yu Jie 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTP(N‐phenylmaleimide‐alt‐styrene) (PNS) was synthesized, and nylon 6 (PA6)/PNS blends were prepared by melt blending. The heat resistant and crystallographic properties of PA6/PNS blends with different contents were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the heat deflection temperature (HDT), relative crystallinity (Xn), and dynamic viscosity (η) increased with increasing PNS. The results of differential scanning calorimetry proved that PNS had played a positive role in nucleating PA6. Scanning electron microscosopy showed that the PNS domains were between 0.2 and 4 μm in diameter. The experimental results indicated that the addition of PNS improved the rigidity of PA6/PNS blends, thereby improving the heat‐resistant properties of these blends. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47689.
State‐Level Perspectives on Kindergarten Readiness
Authors: Slutzky Carly , DeBruin‐Parecki Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKindergarten readiness has received significant attention in recent years in response to concerns regarding preparing young children for school and beyond and mitigating persistent achievement gaps. Currently, there is little consensus around what factors drive and define kindergarten readiness. In this study, we sought to expand understanding of perspectives on how kindergarten readiness is defined, the role of early learning standards for defining kindergarten readiness, views about the implications of defining kindergarten readiness, and the utility of state definitions for guiding kindergarten readiness practices. Data sources included surveys, focus groups and interviews with individuals representing state early childhood education agencies, and existing state kindergarten readiness definitions. Collective study findings indicated that there is evidence of persisting variation in perspectives on how to define kindergarten readiness, reflecting continuing tension about the construct's meaning. Although state policy makers tend to view kindergarten readiness through a developmental lens rather than as a ready‐or‐not statement, they also emphasize the role of child attributes such as age or skills and knowledge outlined in early learning standards. Additionally, participants reported both positive views and apprehension around adopting a common definition to guide efforts to promote readiness. This investigation underscores the need for further consideration of adopting a universal, multifaceted kindergarten readiness definition that calls attention to the role of child and environmental inputs as a starting point for preparing all young children for school.
Label‐free differentiation of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infected from uninfected cells using transmission measurement
Authors: Ombinda‐Lemboumba Saturnin , Malabi Rudzani , Lugongolo Masixole Y. , Thobakgale Lebogang , Manoto Sello L. , Mthunzi‐Kufa Patience 
Published: February 2019

Transmission measurement has been perceived as a potential candidate for label‐free investigation of biological material. It is a real‐time, label‐free and non‐invasive optical detection technique that has found wide applications in pharmaceutical industry as well as the biological and medical fields. Combining transmission measurement with optical trapping has emerged as a powerful tool allowing stable sample trapping, while also facilitating transmittance data analysis. In this study, a near‐infrared laser beam emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm was used for both optical trapping and transmission measurement investigation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) infected and uninfected TZM‐bl cells. The measurements of the transmittance intensity of individual cells in solution were carried out using a home built optical trapping system combined with laser transmission setup using a single beam gradient trap. Transmittance spectral intensity patterns revealed significant differences between the HIV‐1 infected and uninfected cells. This result suggests that the transmittance data analysis technique used in this study has the potential to differentiate between infected and uninfected TZM‐bl cells without the use of labels. The results obtained in this study could pave a way into developing an HIV‐1 label‐free diagnostic tool with possible applications at the point of care.
The A/A Genotype of XPO1 rs4430924 Is Associated With Higher Risk of Antituberculosis Drug‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in Chinese Patients
Authors: He Xiaomin , Zhang Haiping , Tao Bilin , Yang Miaomiao , Chen Hongbo , Lu Lihuan , Yi Honggang , Pan Hongqiu , Tang Shaowen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntituberculosis (anti‐TB) drug‐induced hepatotoxicity may be related to the excessive reactive oxygen species induced by hepatotoxic metabolites. Antioxidant activity involves the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The BTB domain and CNC homologue 1 (Bach1) may compete with Nrf2 for binding to transcriptional enhancers. Elimination of Bach1‐mediated transcriptional repression depends on nuclear exporter exportin 1 (Xpo1). Thus, Xpo1 may indirectly affect antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to examine the role of tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in XPO1 in Chinese anti‐TB treatment patients. A 1:2 matched case‐control study was conducted using 314 anti‐TB drug‐induced hepatotoxicity cases and 628 controls. After correcting for weight and hepatoprotectant use, conditional logistic regression analysis showed that patients carrying the AA genotype of rs4430924 in XPO1 were at higher risk of anti‐TB drug‐induced hepatotoxicity than those carrying the GG genotype based on the subgroup of probable cases (adjusted OR, 1.938; 95%CI, 1.035‐3.628; P = .039), and marginally significant differences were also found under the recessive model (P = .048) and the additive model (P = .047). Based on this 1:2 matched case‐control study, the AA genotype of rs4430924 in XPO1 may be associated with higher risk of anti‐TB drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese anti‐TB treatment patients. Further studies in larger and more varied populations are required to validate this relationship.
Movement disorders and nonmotor neuropsychological symptoms in children and adults with classical galactosemia
Authors: Kuiper Anouk , Grünewald Stephanie , Murphy Elaine , Coenen Maraike A. , Eggink Hendriekje , Zutt Rodi , Rubio‐Gozalbo Maria E. , Bosch Annet M. , Williams Monique , Derks Terry G. J. , Lachmann Robin H. L. , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Tijssen Marina A. , de Koning Tom J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough movement disorders (MDs) are known complications, the exact frequency and severity remains uncertain in patients with classical galactosemia, especially in children. We determined the frequency, classification and severity of MDs in a cohort of pediatric and adult galactosemia patients, and assessed the association with nonmotor neuropsychological symptoms and daily functioning. Patients from seven centers in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands with a confirmed galactosemia diagnosis were invited to participate. A videotaped neurological examination was performed and an expert panel scored the presence, classification and severity of MDs. Disease characteristics, nonmotor neuropsychological symptoms, and daily functioning were evaluated with structured interviews and validated questionnaires (Achenbach, Vineland, Health Assessment Questionnaire, SIP68). We recruited 37 patients; 19 adults (mean age 32.6 years) and 18 children (mean age 10.7 years). Subjective self‐reports revealed motor symptoms in 19/37 (51.4%), similar to the objective (video) assessment, with MDs in 18/37 patients (48.6%). The objective severity scores were moderate to severe in one third (6/37). Dystonia was the overall major feature, with additional tremor in adults, and myoclonus in children. Behavioral or psychiatric problems were present in 47.2%, mostly internalizing problems, and associated with MDs. Daily functioning was significantly impaired in the majority of patients. Only one patient received symptomatic treatment for MDs. We show that MDs and nonmotor neuropsychological symptoms are frequent in both children and adults with classical galactosemia.
­Book‐shaped decellularized tendon matrix scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells‐sheets for repair of achilles tendon defect in rabbit
Authors: Xie Shanshan , Zhou Yongchun , Tang Yifu , Chen Can , Li Shengcan , Zhao Chunfeng , Hu Jianzhong , Lu Hongbin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTissue‐engineering approaches have great potential to improve the treatment of tendon injuries which are major musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the tissue engineering potential of a novel multilayered decellularized tendon “book” scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) sheets for repair of an Achilles tendon defect in a rabbit model. In this study, we developed a novel book‐shaped decellularized scaffold derived from the extracellular matrix of tendon tissues from New Zealand white rabbits. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, 4′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining, DNA quantitation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the efficiency of decellularization. After culturing BMSCs on decellularized scaffolds, 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, SEM, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that decellularized scaffolds have the capacity to yield homogeneous distribution and alignment of BMSCs, as well as support their differentiation into tendon. Tenomodulin and Alpha‐1 collagen type I are important indicators for evaluating tenogenic differentiation of BMSCs. When decellularized “book” scaffolds with BMSCs sheets were used to repair a 1 mm Achilles tendon defect, histomorphological analysis, immunohistochemical assessment, and biomechanical testing showed that the book‐shaped decellularized tendon matrix scaffold and BMSCs sheets could promote the regeneration of type I collagen at the wound site during healing, and improve the mechanical properties of the repaired tendon. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the novel decellularized “book” tendon scaffolds combined with BMSCs sheets have therapeutic effects on improving the healing quality of the Achilles tendon. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:1–11, 2019.
Quality assessment ofPinus radiataproduction under sustainable nursery management based on compost tea
Authors: Otero Marta , Salcedo Isabel , Txarterina Kepa , González-Murua Carmen , Duñabeitia Miren K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPinus radiatais a highly valued conifer because of its timber production and its value as a reforestation plant. To increase production, nurseries currently use a nutritional method based on mineral fertilizers high in macronutrients. This produces individual trees which are unbalanced in size and more likely to suffer infections from phytopathogenic fungi. In this paper, the effect on plant and soil of applying an aerated compost tea (ACT) is compared to a conventional fertilizer. Biometric measures of pines, their nutrient and pigment concentrations, soil physical‐chemical parameters and microbial composition of the rhizosphere along with its enzymatic activity were analyzed. The results reveal that the physical‐chemical parameters of the soil are suitable for plant growth in all the treatments (pH 8, maximum EC of 0.07 dS m−1and +239 mV of Eh), and high phosphatase activity was detected in the peat fertilized with aerated compost tea. In addition, the microorganisms developed in peat with ACT showed greaterPseudomonasspp. and fungal diversity. Pines fertilized with compost tea showed greater radicular development, proportionate distribution, higher photosynthetic pigment and total potassium concentrations, a higher yield of PSII and a greater photosynthetic assimilation rate than conventionally fertilized and unfertilized pine plants. Therefore, ACT could be used in the production of forest plants without compromising their productivity.
Dietary supplementation of 11 different plant extracts on the antioxidant capacity of blood and selected tissues in lightweight lambs
Authors: Leal Leonel N , Jordán María J , Bello José M , Otal Julio , den Hartog Leo A , Hendriks Wouter H , Martín‐Tereso Javier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the growing public concern regarding the addition of chemical antioxidants to foods, focus has shifted towards natural alternatives. Because of their antioxidant potential, culinary herbs and spices have long been used to extend the shelf‐life of foods. However, a better understanding of the fate of these products following intake is required to assess their use in lamb diets.RESULTSTwo hundred and eighty‐eight Rasa Aragonesa male lambs (70 days old) were supplemented (5.0 g kg−1 compound feed) with bay, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, thyme, turmeric, cumin, caraway, dill, cinnamon and nutmeg extracts for 14 days before slaughter. Dietary supplementation with plant extracts had no effect on intake, growth performance or antioxidant activity in blood (TEAC values). In muscle, nutmeg supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the radical‐scavenging capacity (TEAC), whereas a decrease in the radical‐scavenging capacity was found for lambs supplemented with oregano, dill, cinnamon and nutmeg (ORAC values). In liver, nutmeg supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity (TEAC), whereas bay (ORAC), turmeric, cinnamon and nutmeg (DPPH• values) decreased (P < 0.05) the radical‐scavenging capacity of the tissue. In kidney, a lower (P < 0.05) radical‐scavenging capacity (TEAC values) was found in lambs supplemented with oregano, cumin and caraway, whereas, turmeric, cumin, caraway, cinnamon and nutmeg increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity (ORAC values) in kidney.CONCLUSIONSupplementation of lamb diets with plant extracts affected radical‐scavenging activity in muscle, liver and kidney. However, due to the divergent results of the different assays for the same tissue, it is not advisable to discriminate plant extracts using this approach. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dual band transparent antenna for wireless MIMO system applications
Authors: Desai Arpan , Upadhyaya Trushit , Palandoken Merih , Gocen Cem 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA dual‐band optically transparent antenna based on a slotted interconnected ring resonator as an efficient radiating element is proposed. The compact radiating element and partial ground plane are structured on a plexiglass substrate with Silver Tin Oxide as transparent conducting material. The radiation disadvantage of OTAs due to the low conductivity of conductive oxides has been overcome with the gain improvement technique of 2 × 1 antenna array design. The overall sizes of the proposed single element and 2 × 1 two element array antennas are λ/2.5 × λ/2.5 and λ/1.19 × λ/2.08 at the lower resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz, respectively. The operation bands of both OTA prototypes cover WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands with permissible bandwidth and sufficient gain therefore the 2 × 1 antenna array is utilized as one of two dual‐band antennas of a 2 × 2 MIMO transceiver system for WLAN and WiMAX band operations.
Accurate and rapid CT image segmentation of the eyes and surrounding organs for precise radiotherapy
Authors: Sun Yao , Shi Huabei , Zhang Shuo , Wang Pei , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo , Yuan Kehong 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThe precise segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) is of importance for improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing injuries of patients undergoing radiotherapy. In this study, we developed a new approach for accurate computed tomography (CT) image segmentation of the eyes and surrounding organs, which is first locating then segmentation (FLTS).MethodsThe FLTS approach was composed of two steps: (a) classification of CT images using convolutional neural networks (CNN), and (b) segmentation of the eyes and surrounding organs using modified U‐shape networks. In order to obtain optimal performance, we enhanced our training datasets by random jitter and rotation.ResultsThis model was trained and verified using the clinical datasets that were delineated by experienced physicians. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was employed to evaluate the performance of our segmentation method. The average DSCs for the segmentation of the pituitary, left eye, right eye, left eye lens, right eye lens, left optic nerve, and right optic nerve were 90%, 94%, 93.5%, 84.5%, 84.3%, 80.3%, and 82.2%, respectively.ConclusionWe developed a new network‐based approach for rapid and accurate CT image segmentation of the eyes and surrounding organs. This method is accurate and efficient, and is suitable for clinical use.
Performance comparison of 1X versus 4X HTS tapes toward the design a 10‐MW direct drive HTS generator for wind turbine applications
Authors: Nyanteh Yaw D. , Masoudi Ali , Masson Philippe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith current developments underway at the University of Houston, 4× high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) tapes are expected to reach a fourfold critical current density improvement at 30 K and 3 T as part of an Advanced Research Projects Agency‐Energy (ARPA‐E)‐sponsored project. The impetus for this project is to develop and deploy cost‐effective direct drive HTS generators for large offshore wind turbine generators. The improved conductor performance of 4× tapes over 1× tapes is projected to allow for a significant reduction in the amount of HTS tapes required to generate the excitation field and, thus, lead to a reduction of the overall generator cost. It was, however, deduced from simulation results that conventional methods of rotor field enhancement using rotor iron makes 1× conductor competitive enough compared with 4× conductors; hence, commercially available YBCO tapes can provide all the energy density requirements to make wind turbines a competitive energy resource based on energy forecasts. This paper is a presentation of design and optimization work to find the best generator topology from the point of view of both machine design and electricity supply. The generators are numerically modeled and simulated using 1× and 4× YBCO HTS conductors on either or of both the rotor and stator side of the generators.
Elemental characterization and source identification of the near‐road PM2.5 using EDXRF in Chengdu, China
Authors: Qu Yufan , Gao Tai , Yang Chaowen 
Published: February 2019

To characterize the elemental composition and source apportionment of aerosols in roadside area, particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected in close proximity to a road from September 2017 to February 2018 in downtown Chengdu, China. An energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to quantify elemental constituents (Al, Si, S, K, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) of PM2.5 and was calibrated by in‐house standards instead of commercial standards. The constructed calibration curves exhibited good linearity with all correlation coefficients greater than 0.98. The proposed calibration method proved to be reliable for the subsequent elemental analyses due to the satisfactory performance of u‐score and precision that were validated by the certified reference materials (#2783). The results revealed that average PM2.5 concentrations of 92.2 ± 45.6 and 113.2 ± 60.3 μg/m3 were respectively observed in autumn and in winter. The major trace elements identified were K, S, and Fe and the minor contributions were from Cu and As. Most crustal elements showed decline in winter except for K, and most anthropogenic elements showed increase in winter except for Ni. Using rotation factor analysis and cluster analysis based on the elemental dataset, four potential sources were identified: road dust, vehicular emissions, coal and biomass burning, and industrial emissions. This research will provide a better understanding of traffic‐related PM2.5 composition, and this can be used in the mitigation and prevention programs.
Partitioned Off‐Fault Deformation in the 2016 Norcia Earthquake Captured by Differential Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Wedmore L. N. J. , Gregory L. C. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Goodall H. , Walters R. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractField measurements of coseismic fault slip often differ from surface slip models derived from satellite geodesy. Quantifying these differences is challenging as many geodetic techniques inadequately image near‐fault deformation. We use an iterative closest point algorithm to difference preearthquake and postearthquake terrestrial laser scanning point clouds to reveal centimeter‐scale patterns of surface deformation caused by shallow fault slip in the 2016 Mw 6.6 Norcia (Central Italy) earthquake. Terrestrial laser scanning offsets are constant along the fault and match average field measurements. Eighty‐four percent of vertical displacement occurs on a discrete fault zone, with 16% of deformation distributed across a narrow zone <4 m wide. In contrast, horizontal deformation is distributed over an 8‐m‐wide zone with approximately 50% of extension accommodated as off‐fault deformation (OFD). The centimeter‐scale observation of deformation shows that horizontal and vertical coseismic OFD is partitioned—in this case, OFD is dominated by horizontal deformation.
Possible Role of the Diurnal Cycle in Land Convection in the Barrier Effect on the MJO by the Maritime Continent
Authors: Ling Jian , Zhang Chidong , Joyce Robert , Xie Ping‐ping , Chen Guiwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPossible effects of the diurnal cycle in land convection on propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation over the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent (MC) were investigated using satellite observations. Four features distinguishable from their respective climatology are uniquely associated with MJO events that cross the MC: strong precipitation over land as their convection centers approach the MC, subsequent increased soil moisture, reduced diurnal amplitude of land convection, and the dominance of precipitation over water by nondiurnal convection as their convection centers move over the MC. These results provide observational evidence for a proposed MAritime Continent Convective diurnal Cycle mechanism in which the diurnal cycle in land convection acts as an intrinsic barrier effect on MJO propagation over the MC.