bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsideration of spanwise rotating turbulent channel flows via resolvent analysis
Authors: Nakashima Satoshi , Luhar Mitul , Fukagata Koji 
Published: December 2018

We study the effect of spanwise rotation in turbulent channel flow at both low and high Reynolds numbers by employing the resolvent formulation proposed by McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382). Under this formulation, the nonlinear terms in the Navier–Stokes equations are regarded as a forcing that acts upon the remaining linear dynamics to generate the turbulent velocity field in response. A gain-based decomposition of the forcing–response transfer function across spectral space yields models for highly amplified flow structures, or modes. Unlike linear stability analysis, this enables targeted analyses of the effects of rotation on high-gain modes that serve as useful low-order models for dynamically important coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulent flows. The present study examines a wide range of rotation rates. A posteriori comparisons at low Reynolds number ($\mathit{Re}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=180$) demonstrate that the resolvent formulation is able to quantitatively predict the effect of varying spanwise rotation rates on specific classes of flow structure (e.g. the near-wall cycle) as well as energy amplification across spectral space. For fixed inner-normalized rotation number, the effects of rotation at varying friction Reynolds numbers appear to be similar across spectral space, when scaled in outer units. We also consider the effects of rotation on modes with varying speed (i.e. modes that are localized in regions of varying mean shear), and provide suggestions for modelling the nonlinear forcing term.
What Is the Future of the Wine-Grape Industry in Veneto? Evidence from a Micro-Macro Prediction Model
Authors: Onofri Laura , Bianchin Federica , Boatto Vasco , Furlani Maikol , Pecci Francesco , Perali Federico 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article presents a micro-macro integrated model/framework for the disaggregated quantitative assessment of the impacts of various shocks generated in five socio-economic and climate-driven simulations on the wine-grape sector in Veneto, Italy. (JEL Classifications: C01, C67, Q12, Q54)
La prédiction des résultats électoraux au Canada : un modèle politico-économique sans sondage
Authors: Mongrain Philippe 
Published: December 2018

RésuméOn compte actuellement un grand nombre de modèles politico-économiques ayant pour objectif de prédire l'issue des élections au Congrès américain ou le sort des candidats à la présidence des États-Unis. Bien qu'un certain nombre de modèles aient vu le jour pour la France, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni au cours des dernières années, le Canada, à l'instar de la majorité des démocraties, n'a reçu jusqu’à maintenant que bien peu d'attention. Cet article vise par conséquent à développer un modèle ancré dans une théorie du vote capable de prédire suffisamment à l'avance la part des voix récoltées par le parti sortant lors des scrutins fédéraux canadiens. Le Canada étant un système multipartite, différents modèles de régressions apparemment indépendantes sont également proposés afin de déterminer s'il est possible de prédire simultanément les scores de plusieurs formations politiques.
Geochemical characteristics and resource potential analysis of Chang 7 organic-rich black shale in the Ordos Basin
Authors: DU JIANGMIN , ZHAO YANDE , WANG QINGCHUN , YU YANQIU , XIAO HUI , XIE XIANKUI , DU YUGUO , SU ZIMIAO 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Ordos Basin is the largest and most important intracontinental sedimentary depression in China, and a significant amount of crude oil resources has developed within this Mesozoic formation. High-grade organic-rich shale is prevalent in the large-scale areas of the Chang 7 sedimentary stage and provides essential hydrocarbon resources for abundant oil enrichment in the Mesozoic. This research investigated the geochemical characteristics of Chang 7 shale using core samples and well logs and via laboratory tests. In addition, the microscopic components of the shale organic matter (OM), biological marker compounds, carbon isotopes, enrichment grade of trace elements, and elemental ratio were analysed systematically. Moreover, the aspects related to the shale OM source, sedimentary environment and resource potential were evaluated. Our results revealed that spherical alginate and calcium spherical alginate were predominant in the micropetrological components of the shale. Many biomarkers, including n-alkanes, steranes and terpanes, were detected in the gas chromatography – mass spectrometry spectra. An analysis of n-alkanes, regular sterane shapes (C21−/C22− and C26+C27/C28+C29), odd–even predominance index (OEP) and carbon preference index (CPI) values and carbon isotope distributions showed that OM was produced from aquatic organisms. The indicators of trace elements, such as Sr/Ba and V/V+Ni, combined with the biomarker compound in Pr/Ph and the gammacerane index showed the presence of a semi-deep – deep lake environment containing fresh–brackish water. In addition, the hydrocarbon conversion rate index and shale rock pyrolysis parameters revealed that Chang 7 has a high hydrocarbon generation ability and hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency.
Direct construction of optimized stellarator shapes. Part 1. Theory in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Landreman Matt , Sengupta Wrick 
Published: December 2018

The confinement of the guiding-centre trajectories in a stellarator is determined by the variation of the magnetic field strength $B$ in Boozer coordinates $(r,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},\unicode[STIX]{x1D711})$, but $B(r,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},\unicode[STIX]{x1D711})$ depends on the flux surface shape in a complicated way. Here we derive equations relating $B(r,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},\unicode[STIX]{x1D711})$ in Boozer coordinates and the rotational transform to the shape of flux surfaces in cylindrical coordinates, using an expansion in distance from the magnetic axis. A related expansion was done by Garren and Boozer (Phys. Fluids B, vol. 3, 1991a, 2805) based on the Frenet–Serret frame, which can be discontinuous anywhere the magnetic axis is straight, a situation that occurs in the interesting case of omnigenity with poloidally closed $B$ contours. Our calculation in contrast does not use the Frenet–Serret frame. The transformation between the Garren–Boozer approach and cylindrical coordinates is derived, and the two approaches are shown to be equivalent if the axis curvature does not vanish. The expressions derived here help enable optimized plasma shapes to be constructed that can be provided as input to VMEC and other stellarator codes, or to generate initial configurations for conventional stellarator optimization.
Shared and specific genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression, depressive symptoms and neuroticism in three population-based twin samples
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Gardner Charles O. , Neale Michael C. , Aggen Steve , Heath Andrew , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Couvyduchesne Baptiste , Byrne Enda M. , Martin Nicholas G. , Gillespie Nathan A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundVulnerability to depression can be measured in different ways. We here examine how genetic risk factors are inter-related for lifetime major depression (MD), self-report current depressive symptoms and the personality trait Neuroticism.MethodWe obtained data from three population-based adult twin samples (Virginia n = 4672, Australia #1 n = 3598 and Australia #2 n = 1878) to which we fitted a common factor model where risk for ‘broadly defined depression’ was indexed by (i) lifetime MD assessed at personal interview, (ii) depressive symptoms, and (iii) neuroticism. We examined the proportion of genetic risk for MD deriving from the common factor v. specific to MD in each sample and then analyzed them jointly. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mx.ResultsThe best fit models in all samples included additive genetic and unique environmental effects. The proportion of genetic effects unique to lifetime MD and not shared with the broad depression common factor in the three samples were estimated as 77, 61, and 65%, respectively. A cross-sample mega-analysis model fit well and estimated that 65% of the genetic risk for MD was unique.ConclusionA large proportion of genetic risk factors for lifetime MD was not, in the samples studied, captured by a common factor for broadly defined depression utilizing MD and self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and Neuroticism. The genetic substrate for MD may reflect neurobiological processes underlying the episodic nature of its cognitive, motor and neurovegetative manifestations, which are not well indexed by current depressive symptom and neuroticism.
Welfare-use Accumulation and Chronic Dependency in Israel: The Role of Structural Factors
Authors: ACHDUT NETTA , STIER HAYA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labour market. These policies have substantially changed the trade-offs of employment and welfare-use behaviour, making employment far more attractive than welfare dependency. Despite this new reality, many welfare recipients circulate in and out of the welfare system and the low-wage labour market or become disconnected from both work and welfare. Drawing on longitudinal administrative data of single Israeli mothers who received Income Support Benefit in 2003, this study focuses on the role of structural factors, including local labour market conditions and local availability of subsidised child-care, in explaining the intensity of welfare receipt over a 51-month period. The results indicate notable diversity in welfare-use accumulation. Some mothers were classified as short- to mid-termer recipients while others showed a much more intensive use, and about a third were classified as chronically dependent. Local labour market conditions and their change over time played an important part in explaining welfare accumulation, while local child-care availability had no effect. Implications for policy are discussed.
Staying rooted: Spelling performance in children with dyslexia
Authors: BOURASSA DERRICK C. , BARGEN MEGHAN , DELMONTE MELISSA , DEACON S. HÉLÈNE 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSpelling is a key, and telling, component of children’s literacy development. An important aspect of spelling development lies in children’s sensitivity to morphological root constancy. This is the sensitivity to the fact that the spelling of roots typically remains constant across related words (e.g.,singinsingingandsinger). The present investigation examined the extent to which children with dyslexia and younger typically developing children are sensitive to this feature of the orthography. We did so with a spelling-level matched design (e.g., Bourassa & Treiman, 2008) and by further contrasting results with those for a sample of children of the same chronological age as the dyslexic group. Analyses revealed that the dyslexic children and their spelling-ability matched peers used the root constancy principle to a similar degree. However, neither group used this principle to its maximum extent; maximal use of root constancy did emerge for age matched peers. Overall, the findings support the idea that sensitivity to root constancy in children with dyslexia is characterized by delayed rather than atypical development.
Impact of artificial lights on foraging of insectivorous bats in a Costa Rican cloud forest
Authors: Frank Tanner M. , Gabbert Whitney C. , Chaves-Campos Johel , LaVal Richard K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDetermining the effects of light pollution on tropical bat communities is important for understanding community assembly rules in urban areas. Studies from temperate regions suggest that, among aerial insectivorous bats, fast-flying species that forage in the open are attracted to artificial lights, whereas slow-flying species that forage in cluttered environments avoid those lights. We measured aerial insectivore responses to light pollution in a tropical cloud forest to test this hypothesis. Bat echolocation was recorded at 20 pairs of light and dark sites in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Foraging activity was higher at artificially lighted sites than dark sites near the new moon, especially around blue-white fluorescent lighting. Most recorded bat species showed increased or unchanged activity in response to light, including some slow-flying and edge-foraging bats. This finding suggests that, contrary to the evaluated hypothesis, flight speed and foraging mode are not sufficient to determine bat responses to artificial lights in the tropics. Two bat species showed decreased activity at light sites, and a low species evenness was recorded around lights, particularly fluorescent lights, compared with dark sites. As in the temperate zone, light pollution in the tropics seems to concentrate certain bat species around human-inhabited areas, potentially shifting community structure.
LIVING WITHIN THE VEIL:
Authors: Bailey-Fakhoury Chasity , Mitchell Donald 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing data from a mixed methods study with suburban Detroit, middle-class mothers as participants, we explore the relationship between racial microaggressions and the racial battle fatigue experienced by Black mothers with young daughters attending predominantly White schools. We find that Black mothers are regularly subjected to racial microaggressions by the White teachers, administrators, and parents with whom they interact. When experiencing slights, insults, and indignities, mothers report taking direct action—borne from African American motherwork—to combat the racial microaggressions. In the context of predominantly White schools, Black mothers enact aesthetic presence, maintain a visible presence, and are strategic in their interactions with school personnel. Racial battle fatigue is evident as they experience and combat racial microaggressions. To extend understanding of racial microaggressions, we apply the sociological concept of the Du Boisian Veil to our analysis. We discuss how the Veil—a barrier which protects the Black psyche by grounding the racialized self while simultaneously precluding racial equality by sustaining racial oppression—can induce the racial battle fatigue that is manifested when one is deluged by racial microaggressions.
Ionospheric Response to the St. Patrick's Day Space Weather Events in March 2012, 2013, and 2015 at Southern Low and Middle Latitudes
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Vickal V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe changes in critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and foF2 deviation (ΔfoF2) have been determined for three geomagnetic storms in March of the years 2012, 2013, and 2015 at low‐latitude stations, Darwin (geomag. lat. 21.96°S) and Townsville (28.95°S), and midlatitude stations, Brisbane (36.73°S), Canberra (45.65°S), and Hobart (54.17°S). The moderate storm during 15–16 March 2012 (Dst = −87 nT) showed a decrease in foF2 at midlatitude and no effect at low‐latitude stations. For the intense storm of 17–18 March 2013 (Dst = −132 nT) and the super storm of 17–18 March 2015 (Dst = −222 nT), some middle‐ to low‐latitude stations showed a short‐duration increase in foF2, but all stations showed a long‐duration decrease in foF2 during the recovery phases with ΔfoF2% varying from 26% (Darwin) to 36.6% at Hobart for the March 2013 storm and above 40% for the March 2015 storm at all of the stations. Short‐duration (~2–4 hr) increase in foF2 seems to be associated with the prompt penetrating electric fields. Long‐duration (>6 hr) decrease in foF2 is mainly accounted to the decrease in thermospheric O/N2 density ratio because of storm‐induced high‐latitude circulation of gas with depleted O/N2 density ratio to lower latitudes and partly due to disturbance dynamo electric fields. A comparison of ionosonde given foF2 for equinoctial storms (March 2013 and 2015) with similar strength Southern Hemisphere winter storms (July 2012 and June 2015) has been made with the IRI‐2016 model foF2 for Darwin, Brisbane, and Canberra stations.
Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Results From the Zhela and Weimei Formations Lava Flows of the Eastern Tethyan Himalaya: New Insights Into the Breakup of Eastern Gondwana
Authors: Bian Weiwei , Yang Tianshui , Ma Yiming , Jin Jingjie , Gao Feng , Wang Suo , Peng Wenxiao , Zhang Shihong , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Cao Liwan , Shi Yuruo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe breakup of eastern Gondwana is among the hottest topics in the Earth sciences because of its effect on global climate during the Jurassic‐Cretaceous, its influence on the evolution of life, and its importance to paleogeographic reconstruction. To better constrain the Jurassic and Cretaceous paleogeographic position of the Tethyan Himalaya and the breakup of eastern Gondwana, a combined paleomagnetic and geochronological study was performed on the Zhela and Weimei Formations lava flows, dated at ~138–135 Ma, in the Luozha area of the eastern Tethyan Himalaya. Both positive fold and reversal tests together with a maximum grouping at 100% unfolding indicate that the characteristic remanent magnetization directions are primary magnetizations acquired before folding. The tilt‐corrected directions yielded a paleopole at 0.9°N, 293.4°E with A95 = 7.0° and a corresponding paleolatitude of 53.5°S ± 7.0°S for the Luozha sampling area (28.9°N, 91.3°E), validating that the original erupted position of the Zhela and Weimei Formations lava flows was located in the center of the Kerguelen mantle plume. Our new results, together with the published paleomagnetic, geochronological, and geochemical results, demonstrate that the Comei‐Bunbury large igneous province originated from the Kerguelen mantle plume. The temporal and spatial relationships between the Comei‐Bunbury large igneous province and the Kerguelen mantle plume indicate that eastern Gondwana initially rifted at ~147 Ma and that the Indian Plate fully separated from the Australian‐Antarctic Plate before ~124 Ma.
Baroclinic Tides Simulation in the Red Sea: Comparison to Observations and Basic Characteristics
Authors: Guo Daquan , Kartadikaria Aditya , Zhan Peng , Xie Jieshuo , Li Mingjie , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe baroclinic tides in the Red Sea are simulated using a three‐dimensional, nonhydrostatic, high‐resolution Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. Various observations have been used to validate the simulation results. A good match between the model results and observations from five tidal gauges has been obtained. Tidal amplitude and phase data from 21 tidal stations present high correlation coefficients and low deviations with the model results. Comparisons between model and Oregon State University Tidal Inversion Software data suggest consistent results, with only small discrepancies at the locations of the amphidromic points. Tidal currents from four mooring observations are in good agreement with the simulation results, with discrepancies appearing in shallow areas and those with complex bottom topography. Based on the simulation results, the basic characteristics of baroclinic tides in the Red Sea are analyzed. The properties of barotropic tides, and distribution of the forcing function parameter, indicate that the baroclinic tides are generated mainly in four areas: the Bab‐el‐Mandeb (BAM) Strait, the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Strait of Tiran. This is confirmed by the spatial distributions of baroclinic tidal kinetic energy and energy flux. The properties of the conversion rate from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides, and the divergence of baroclinic energy flux, further reveal quantitatively that the southern Red Sea features the most of the generated baroclinic energy. The majority of the baroclinic energy disappears within the four areas, either dissipating due to friction and bottom drag or converting back to barotropic energy.
Variability of the Pacific‐Derived Arctic Water Over the Southeastern Wandel Sea Shelf (Northeast Greenland) in 2015–2016
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergei A. , Rudels Bert , Babb David G. , Myers Paul G. , Stedmon Colin A. , Bendtsen Jørgen , Ehn Jens K. , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Rysgaard Søren , Barber David G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA portion of the freshwater transport through Fram Strait consists of low‐salinity Pacific‐derived Arctic water flowing southward along the east coast of Greenland. The pathways of this water are currently unclear. An Ice Tethered Profiler deployed over the southeastern Wandel Sea shelf (northeast Greenland) in May 2015 collected a profile every 3 hr for a year recording conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) fluorescence. This was accompanied by velocity observations. The CTD data revealed that the subsurface water (~15–85 m depth) characterized by high CDOM resembles the “cold Halostad” in the Canada Basin formed by the injection of Pacific water. A coastal branch of the Pacific water outflow from the Arctic Ocean supplies the Wandel Sea halostad, which shows a clear seasonal pattern. From July to October–November, the halostad is shallow, more saline, warmer, and with less CDOM. Conversely, from November to April, the halostad deepens, cools, freshens and CDOM increases, likely indicating a higher fraction of Pacific winter water. The CTD surveys, wind and current data, and numerical simulations show that the seasonal variation of wind over the continental slope likely controls seasonal changes of this intermediate water layer. Over northeast Greenland, winter winds have a northerly component from November to April, favoring Ekman transport of the Pacific‐derived water to the Wandel Sea shelf. In contrast, the prevailing southerly summer winds result in retreat of the Pacific‐derived water off the shelf. The landfast ice off‐slope extension modifies wind‐forcing disrupting seasonal patterns.
An evolving story of the metastatic voyage of ovarian cancer cells: cellular and molecular orchestration of the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment
Authors: Motohara Takeshi , Masuda Kenta , Morotti Matteo , Zheng Yiyan , El-Sahhar Salma , Chong Kay Yi , Wietek Nina , Alsaadi Abdulkhaliq , Carrami Eli M , Hu Zhiyuan , Artibani Mara , Gonzalez Laura Santana , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Saya Hideyuki , Ahmed Ahmed Ashour 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetastasis is a complex multistep process that involves critical interactions between cancer cells and a variety of stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly influence the different aspects of the metastatic cascade and organ tropism of disseminating cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is characterized by peritoneal disseminated metastasis. Evidence has demonstrated that ovarian cancer possesses specific metastatic tropism for the adipose-rich omentum, which has a pivotal role in the creation of the metastatic tumor microenvironment in the intraperitoneal cavity. Considering the distinct biology of ovarian cancer metastasis, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the reciprocal interplay between ovarian cancer cells and surrounding stromal cell types in the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment will provide further insights into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the biological mechanisms that regulate the highly orchestrated crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and various cancer-associated stromal cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment with regard to the omentum by illustrating how different stromal cells concertedly contribute to the development of ovarian cancer metastasis and metastatic tropism for the omentum.