bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical properties and antioxidant stability of microencapsulated marjoram extract prepared by co‐crystallization method
Authors: Sarabandi Khashayar , Mahoonak Alireza Sadeghi , Akbari Mahdieh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the microencapsulated marjoram extract powders such as entrapment yield (EY), loading capacity (LC), DPPH* radical scavenging activity, thermal characteristics (DSC), chemical structure (FTIR), and surface morphology (SEM) was investigated. Finally, the maintenance yield of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of the co‐crystallized powder were compared with the spray‐dried powders in different conditions (75% relative humidity, artificial light, darkness, and at temperature of 4°C) during 4 months storage. The color and loading capacity of powder samples was significantly affected by concentrations of the extract. The encapsulation efficiency of co‐crystallized products was about 83%. DSC and FTIR graphs indicate lack of interaction between core and matrix components. The surface morphology of particles showed porous structure and the irregular holes among the agglomerates. Also, stability tests indicated a better performance of co‐crystallization process than the spray‐drying in maintaining phenolic compounds during different storage conditions.Practical applicationsMarjoram has several health benefits and its bioactive components can be used to produce functional foods. However, due to many problems including an unpleasant taste and instability of their polyphenols during storage, use of its liquid extract made is difficult. Encapsulation by co‐crystallization process due to its unique features is a promising method for protection of sensitive bioactive components such as phenolic compounds. Sucrose as a safe and food grade carrier is main matrix in this process and widely used in various food industries. The co‐crystallized Marjoram extract can be used as a source of antioxidants in the production of functional foods, confectionery, chocolate, candy products, and a variety of instant drinks powders.
How thyroid hormones and their inhibitors affect cartilage growth and shape in the frogXenopus laevis
Authors: Rose Christopher S. , Cahill Jennifer W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how skeleton changes shape in ontogeny is fundamental to understanding how its shape diversifies in phylogeny. Amphibians pose a special case because their jaw and throat skeleton consists of cartilages that are dramatically reshaped midway through life to support new feeding and breathing styles. Although amphibian metamorphosis is commonly studied by immersing larvae in thyroid hormones (TH), how individual cartilages respond to TH is poorly understood. This study documents the effects of larval stage and TH type (T4 vs. T3), dose and deprivation on the size, shape and morphogenesis of the lower jaw and ceratohyal cartilages in the frogXenopus laevis. It uses thyroid inhibitors to isolate the effects of each hormone at specific concentrations. It also deconstructs the TH responses into the effects on individual dimensions, and uses measures of percent change to eliminate the effects of body size and growth rate variation. As stage increases, T4 and T3 responses become increasingly similar to each other and to natural remodeling; the differences at low and intermediate stages result largely from abnormal responses to T3. Most notably, the beak‐like lower jaw commonly observed at the lowest stage in other studies results largely from arrested growth of cartilage. TH responses are superimposed upon the growth typical for each stage so that cartilages can attain postmetamorphic shapes through dimensional changes that exceed those of natural metamorphosis. Using thyroid inhibitors alters the outcome of TH‐induced remodeling, and T4 has almost the same capacity to induce metamorphic shape changes as T3. The results have implications for understanding how the starting shapes of larval elements affect morphogenesis, how chondrocytes behave to change cartilage shape, and how intracellular processing of TH might contribute to interspecific differences in shape change. Also, the data on animal mortality and which stages and doses most closely replicate natural remodeling have practical value for researchers who treatXenopustadpoles with TH.
Whole‐ and partial‐body cryotherapy in aesthetic dermatology: Evaluating a trendy treatment
Authors: O’Connor Mackenzie , Wang Jordan V. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis manuscript addresses the use of whole‐ and partial‐body cryotherapy in aesthetic dermatology. Over the past several years, these have become trendy treatments that have been marketed for many purported benefits in overall skin appearance and skin health. With increased access through cryotherapy facilities and medical spas, whole‐ and partial‐body cryotherapy have grown in popularity. Unfortunately, many of the advertised claims have little, if any, scientific evidence behind them. Here, we summarize the data available in the literature. As trends evolve, clinicians should continue to be knowledgeable about them and their evidence in order to properly counsel patients appropriately.
Developing an optimized texture mapping for photorealistic 3D buildings
Authors: Lee Jungil , Yang Byungyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTexture mapping generates photorealistic representations of three‐dimensional (3D) geometric objects and enhances the spatial perception of areas of interest. Over the past two decades, even though various approaches for 3D urban models have been investigated, their use has been limited because of the lack of spatial accuracy, details, and the complex processes. It is difficult to maintain highly detailed texture information without using a hybrid of aerial image and ground‐based imaging techniques, which are costly. Furthermore, it is hard to develop a fully automated process for 3D urban mapping that achieves high spatial accuracy. With regard to the issues, this research aims to develop a semi‐automated process for 3D building models that would help image‐based approaches. It helps acquire qualified texture information and improve the appearance of building façades in a large city. In particular, this research first investigates an optimal overlap of consecutive aerial images that generates sufficient information to texture each façade, thus making this process more cost‐effective. Second, this research develops an application to semi‐automatically build 3D buildings and textured 3D buildings. The application is developed in C++. The textured 3D building models are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed to determine the usability of the semi‐automated process.
Color Naming Reflects Both Perceptual Structure and Communicative Need
Authors: Zaslavsky Noga , Kemp Charles , Tishby Naftali , Regier Terry 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGibson et al. () argued that color naming is shaped by patterns of communicative need. In support of this claim, they showed that color naming systems across languages support more precise communication about warm colors than cool colors, and that the objects we talk about tend to be warm‐colored rather than cool‐colored. Here, we present new analyses that alter this picture. We show that greater communicative precision for warm than for cool colors, and greater communicative need, may both be explained by perceptual structure. However, using an information‐theoretic analysis, we also show that color naming across languages bears signs of communicative need beyond what would be predicted by perceptual structure alone. We conclude that color naming is shaped both by perceptual structure, as has traditionally been argued, and by patterns of communicative need, as argued by Gibson et al. —although for reasons other than those they advanced.
Chronic dialysis in patients with end‐stage renal disease: Relevance to kidney xenotransplantation
Authors: Jagdale Abhijit , Cooper David K. C. , Iwase Hayato , Gaston Robert S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRenal allotransplantation clearly offers better survival and quality of life for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients than chronic dialysis. The median waiting time for a deceased donor kidney in a suitable ESRD patient is 3.9 years. The initial candidates for pig kidney xenotransplantation will be those with ESRD unlikely to receive an allograft within a reasonable period of time. It is thus reasonable to ascertain whether clinical trials of xenotransplantation might likewise offer superior outcomes. Chronic dialysis in patients with ESRD is associated with poor quality of life, significant morbidity, and relatively high mortality, with only 56% surviving 3 years and 42% at 5 years. However, a significant number of these patients, because of comorbidities, frailty, etc, would not be considered for renal allotransplantation and likely not for xenotransplantation. As genetically engineered pig kidneys have satisfactorily supported life in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates for many months or even more than a year, consideration in carefully selected patients could be given to pig kidney xenotransplantation. We suggest that, in order to give a patient the best possible outcome, the pig kidney could be transplanted pre‐emptively (before dialysis is initiated). If it fails at any stage, the patient would then begin chronic dialysis and continue to await an allograft. The present (limited) evidence is that failure of a pig graft would not be detrimental to a subsequent allograft.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Phages p000v and p000y, Which Infect the Bacterial Pathogen Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Howard-Varona Cristina , Vik Dean R. , Solonenko Natalie E. , Gazitua M. Consuelo , Hobbs Zack , Honaker Ryan W. , Kinkhabwala Anika A. , Sullivan Matthew B. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequences and morphological characterizations of phages p000v and p000y, which infect the bacterial pathogen Shiga-toxigenic
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and which are potential candidates for phage therapy against such pathogens.
High school personality traits and 48-year all-cause mortality risk: results from a national sample of 26 845 baby boomers
Authors: Chapman Benjamin P , Huang Alison , Horner Elizabeth , Peters Kelly , Sempeles Ellena , Roberts Brent , Lapham Susan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIt is unclear if adolescent personality predicts mortality into late life, independent of adolescent socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsOver 26 000 members of Project Talent, a US population cohort of high school students, completed a survey including 10 personality scales and SES in 1960. Multi-source mortality follow-up obtained vital status data through an average 48-year period ending in 2009. Cox proportional hazard models examined the relative risk associated with personality traits, as well as confounding by both a measure of SES and by race/ethnicity.ResultsAdjusted for sex and grade, higher levels of vigour, calm, culture, maturity and social sensitivity in high school were associated with reduced mortality risk (HRs=0.92 to. 96), while higher levels of impulsivity were associated with greater mortality risk. Further adjustment for SES and school racial/ethnic composition mildly attenuated (eg, 12%), but did not eliminate these associations. Final HRs for a 1 SD change in personality traits were similar to that for a 1 SD change in SES.ConclusionsAdaptive personality traits in high school are associated with all-cause mortality in the USA as far into the future as the seventh decade, and to a degree similar to high school socioeconomic disadvantage.
Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check
Authors: Levy David T , Warner Kenneth E , Cummings K Michael , Hammond David , Kuo Charlene , Fong Geoffrey T , Thrasher James F , Goniewicz Maciej Lukasz , Borland Ron 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report found substantial evidence that electronic cigarette use (vaping) by youth is strongly associated with an increased risk of ever using cigarettes (smoking) and moderately associated with progressing to more established smoking. However, the Report also noted that recent increases in vaping have been associated with declining rates of youth smoking. This paper examines the temporal relationship between vaping and youth smoking using multiple data sets to explore the question of whether vaping promotes smoking initiation in the USA.MethodsUsing publicly available, nationally representative data on smoking and vaping among youth and young adults, we conducted a trend line analysis of deviations from long-term trends in smoking starting from when vaping became more prevalent.ResultsThere was a substantial increase in youth vaping prevalence beginning in about 2014. Time trend analyses showed that the decline in past 30-day smoking prevalence accelerated by two to four times after 2014. Indicators of more established smoking rates, including the proportion of daily smokers among past 30-day smokers, also decreased more rapidly as vaping became more prevalent.ConclusionsThe inverse relationship between vaping and smoking was robust across different data sets for both youth and young adults and for current and more established smoking. While trying electronic cigarettes may causally increase smoking among some youth, the aggregate effect at the population level appears to be negligible given the reduction in smoking initiation during the period of vaping’s ascendance.
Charges solve the truncated complex moment problem
Authors: Idrissi K. , Zerouali E. H. 
Published: November 2018

Let [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], be a given complex-valued sequence. The complex moment problem (respectively, the general complex moment problem) associated with [Formula: see text] consists in determining necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive Borel measure (respectively, a charge) [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] In this paper, we investigate the notion of recursiveness in the two variable case. We obtain several useful results that we use to deduce new necessary and sufficient conditions for the truncated complex moment problem to admit a solution. In particular, we show that the general complex moment problem always has a solution. A concrete construction of the solution and an illustrating example are also given.
Indistinguishability Obfuscation from Functional Encryption
Authors: Bitansky Nir , Vaikuntanathan Vinod 
Published: November 2018

Indistinguishability obfuscation (IO) is a tremendous notion, powerful enough to give rise to almost any known cryptographic object. Prior candidate IO constructions were based on specific assumptions on algebraic objects called multi-linear graded encodings.
We present a generic construction of indistinguishability obfuscation from public-key functional encryption with succinct encryption circuits and subexponential security. This shows the equivalence of indistinguishability obfuscation and public-key functional encryption, a primitive that has previously seemed to be much weaker, lacking the power and the staggering range of applications of indistinguishability obfuscation.

Our main construction can be based on functional encryption schemes that support a
single functional key
, and where the encryption circuit grows sub-linearly in the circuit-size of the function. We further show that sublinear succinctness in circuit-size for single-key schemes can be traded with sublinear succinctness in the number of keys (also known as the
collusion-size
) for multi-key schemes. We also show that, under the Learning with Errors assumption, our techniques imply that any indistinguishability obfuscator can be converted into one where the size of obfuscated circuits is twice that of the original circuit plus an additive overhead that is polynomial in its depth, input length, and the security parameter.
Hyperpolarized MRI Visualizes Warburg Effects and Predicts Treatment Response to mTOR Inhibitors in Patient-Derived ccRCC Xenograft Models
Authors: Dong Yiyu , Eskandari Roozbeh , Ray Chelsea , Granlund Kristin L. , Santos-Cunha Lidia Dos , Miloushev Vesselin Z. , Tee Sui Seng , Jeong Sangmoo , Aras Omer , Chen Ying-Bei , Cheng Emily H. , Hsieh James J. , Keshari Kayvan R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The ever-changing tumor microenvironment constantly challenges individual cancer cells to balance supply and demand, presenting tumor vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities. Everolimus and temsirolimus are inhibitors of mTOR (mTORi) approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment outcome varies greatly among patients. Accordingly, administration of mTORi in mRCC is diminishing, which could potentially result in missing timely delivery of effective treatment for select patients. Here, we implemented a clinically applicable, integrated platform encompassing a single dose of [1-13C] pyruvate to visualize the in vivo effect of mTORi on the conversion of pyruvate to lactate using hyperpolarized MRI. A striking difference that predicts treatment benefit was demonstrated using two preclinical models derived from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who exhibited primary resistance to VEGFRi and quickly succumbed to their diseases within 6 months after the diagnosis of metastasis without receiving mTORi. Our findings suggest that hyperpolarized MRI could be further developed to personalize kidney cancer treatment.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI as a tool for accurately assessing the clinical success of mTOR inhibition in patients with ccRCC.
ВПЛИВ ПЕПТИДІВ НА СТАН ІМУННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІЗМУ ТА ВМІСТ БІЛКОВИХ ФРАКЦІЙ КРОВІ ЩУРІВ, УРАЖЕНИХ СОЛЯМИ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ І РАУНДАПОМ
Authors: Korda M. M. , Dumukhalska Ye. B. , Yaroshenko T. Ya. 
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Свинець, як і всі важкі метали, – протоплазматична отрута широкого спектра дії, що викликає зміни в нервовій, серцево-судинній системах та крові. Він порушує ферментативні реакції і знижує імунобіологічну резистентність організму. В організмі іони свинцю гальмують гуморальну імунну відповідь, що проявляється низьким продукуванням антитіл та імуноглобулінів класів M, E, A, збільшенням частоти респіраторних захворювань в осіб, уражених сполуками Плюмбуму.
Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив пептиду цистеїл-гістидил-тирозил-гістидил-ізолейцину на стан імунної системи та вміст білкових фракцій у сироватці крові щурів різного віку з хронічним токсикозом, викликаним важкими металами і гліфосатом.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проводили на лабораторних нелінійних білих щурах-самцях трьох вікових груп: статевого дозрівання, статевої зрілості й старих тваринах, яким внутрішньошлунково протягом 30 днів вводили водні розчини Плюмбум ацетату, Купрум сульфату, гліфосату (у формі гербіциду раундапу). З метою корекції на 21 день через 6 год після введення токсикантів протягом 10 днів вводили пептид цистеїл-гістидил-тирозил-гістидил-ізолейцин. Стан імунної системи оцінювали за рівнем імуноглобулінів класів A, M, G та циркулюючих імунних комплексів у сироватці крові щурів.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що в інтактних тварин і щурів при комбінованій дії Плюмбум ацетату, Купрум сульфату і гліфосату (у формі гербіциду раундапу) з віком підвищувалась концентрація циркулюючих імунних комплексів та імуноглобулінів у сироватці крові. Введення пептиду призводило до часткового відновлення співвідношення білкових фракцій у сироватці крові щурів та вмісту імуноглобулінів.
Висновок. Використання пептиду як чинника корекції частково нормалізує стан імунної системи та співвідношення білкових фракцій у сироватці крові щурів із токсикозом, викликаним Плюмбум ацетатом, Купрум сульфатом і раундапом.
БІОХІМІЧНІ МАРКЕРИ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗМІН У МІОКАРДІ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ЙОГО АДРЕНАЛІНОВО-КАЛЬЦІЄВОМУ УШКОДЖЕННІ
Authors: Musiienko А. M. , Denefil O. V. , Nebesnaya Z. M. , Kramar S. B. 
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Інфаркт міокарда є динамічним процесом, що супроводжується переходом оборотних змін до необоротного ішемічного ушкодження і завершується заміною зменшеної частини міокарда фіброзним рубцем.
Метадослідження – визначити взаємозв’язок між змінами продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, окисної модифікації білків (ОМБ), нітрит-аніона та морфологічними порушеннями в серці тварин з адреналіново-кальцієвою моделлю його ушкодження і при корекції патологічного процесу кверцетином.
Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на 195 щурах-самцях лінії Вістар віком 5–6 місяців. Тваринам вводили адреналіну гідротартрат і глюконат кальцію, для корекції – кверцетин. У серці визначали концентрацію дієнових кон’югатів, ТБК-активних продуктів, ОМБ, нітрит-аніона. Гістологічні препарати вивчали при забарвленні гематоксиліном і еозином, за Гейденгайном, а також розглядали їх у поляризованому світлі.
Результати й обговорення. При адреналіново-кальцієвій моделі ушкодження серця найбільше зростання концентрації дієнових кон’югатів і ТБК-активних продуктів спостерігали через 7 та 14 діб, ОМБ – через 24 год, через 3 доби (максимум), через 7 діб. Концентрація нітрит-аніона була високою в проміжку від 24 год до 21 доби (через 3 і 14 діб відмічено максимуми). Кверцетин сприяв зменшенню вмісту продуктів ОМБ через 7, 14 і 28 діб, дієнових кон’югатів – через 7, 14 і 21 доби, ТБК-активних продуктів, нітрит-аніона – в усі терміни дослідження. При морфологічному дослідженні виявлено порушення тинкторіальних властивостей, виникнення некрозів, контрактур. Зміни наростали зі збільшенням терміну дослідження та відповідали за часом відхиленням біохімічних показників. Кверцетин попереджував виникнення ушкоджень.
Висновки. Виявлені морфологічні зміни підтверджували дані біохімічних показників. Морфологічні зміни наростали зі збільшенням терміну дослідження та відповідали відхиленням біохімічних показників. Кверцетин зменшував виникнення ушкоджень серця.