bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of an intervention for men on androgen deprivation therapy: A research protocol
Authors: Manson Alana , Myers Jamie , Billinger Sandra , Ward Jaimie , Parker William , Hamilton‐Reeves Jill , Michel Carrie , Maliski Sally L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment used across the prostate cancer disease spectrum and works by suppressing testicular androgen production to castrate levels. Although ADT can provide survival benefits, it is also associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, increased visceral fat mass, dyslipidemia, decreased arterial compliance, and diminished health‐related quality of life. The Staying Strong And Healthy protocol is a telephone‐delivered intervention led by a nurse coordinator to minimize the increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks associated with ADT. This study will evaluate the feasibility of the protocol and provides the foundation for future behavioral interventions across diverse populations of men on ADT.
Babes, bones, and isotopes: A stable isotope investigation on nonadults from Aventicum, Roman Switzerland (first–third century CE)
Authors: Bourbou Chryssi , Arenz Gabriele , Dasen Véronique , Lösch Sandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study of infant feeding practices in archaeological populations can aid in the understanding of cultural attitudes towards dietary choices and how specific circumstances experienced by mothers and their offspring influence childhood health and survivorship. Breastfeeding and weaning patterns have received increased interest in Roman bioarchaeology, especially through the application of stable isotopic investigation of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) values. This study presents the stable isotopic results of the first Roman bone sample analysed from Switzerland (30 nonadults and nine females), allowing us an unprecedented insight into health and diet at the site of Aventicum/Avenches, the capital city of the territory of Helvetii in Roman times (first–third century AD). The fact that the majority of the nonadult samples subject to stable isotope analysis were perinates highlights the complex relationship between their δ15N and δ13C values and those of adult females, as different factors, including variation of fetal and maternal stable isotope values, the possible effects of intrauterine growth, and maternal/fetal disease and/or nutritional stress (e.g., nutritional deficiencies such as scurvy, parasitic infections, such as malaria), could have influenced the observed elevated δ15N values.
Synthesis of organic‐inorganic hybrid nanocomposites based on the acrylate monomers and investigation of scratch resistance of these nanocomposites
Authors: Bagheri Shokufeh , Kalantari Maryam , Fozooni Samieh , Hashemipour Rafsanjani Hassan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid nanocomposites can be used as polymer coatings in order to improve their scratch resistance. These nanocomposites consist of a polymer matrix that provides flexibility and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles that are responsible for high thermal stability and improving scratch resistance. In this study, the polymer matrix, methyl methacrylate‐butyl acrylate (MMA‐BA) copolymer, was synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization. To get the highest conversion percentage of the copolymer, various parameters, including reaction temperature, weight ratio of monomers, mechanical stirrer speed, type and amount of initiator, total amounts, and weight ratio of emulsifiers were investigated. For the synthesis of nanocomposites, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, silver sulfide, and modified and unmodified nanosilica were added to the copolymer with the highest conversion percentage. According to the data, the best conditions for the synthesis of a copolymer with the highest conversion percentage were as follows: weight ratio of MMA:BA = 60:40 with a total amount of 10 g monomers, mechanical stirrer speed of 250 rpm, thermal initiator water‐soluble ammonium persulfate with amount of 0.12 g, emulsifiers such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X‐100 with a weight ratio of 1:3 and a total value of 1 g, and the reaction temperature of 80°C. According to the results of thermal gravimetric analysis, the samples with the highest thermal stability were selected for nanoscratch test. Nanoscratch test results suggested that Ag2S nanocomposite including 0.03 g AgNO3and 0.0072 g thiourea had the highest scratch resistance with the lowest coefficient friction (0.48) and the lowest coefficient scratch (0.113 μN–1/2). Chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of synthesized Ag2S nanocomposite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses.
Metabolomics analysis and biological investigation of three Malvaceae plants
Authors: Abdelhafez Omnia Hesham , Othman Eman Maher , Fahim John Refaat , Desoukey Samar Yehia , Pimentel‐Elardo Sheila Marie , Nodwell Justin R. , Schirmeister Tanja , Tawfike Ahmed , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionMetabolomics is a fast growing technology that has effectively contributed to many plant‐related sciences and drug discovery.ObjectiveTo use the non‐targeted metabolomics approach to investigate the chemical profiles of three Malvaceae plants, namely Hibiscus mutabilis L. (Changing rose), H. schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook.f. (Coral Hibiscus), and Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. (Sleeping Hibiscus), along with evaluating their antioxidant and anti‐infective potential.MethodologyMetabolic profiling was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC–HR–ESI–MS) for dereplication purposes. The chemical composition of the studied plants was further compared by principal component analysis (PCA). The antioxidant and anti‐infective properties of their different extracts were correlated to their phytochemical profiles by orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA).ResultsA variety of structurally different metabolites, mostly phenolics, were characterized. Comparing the distribution pattern of these tentatively identified metabolites among the studied plant species/fractions revealed the chemical uniqueness of the dichloromethane fraction of M. arboreus. Some extracts and fractions of these plants demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant and antitrypanosomal potential; the latter was partly attributed to their anti‐protease activities. The active principles of these plants were pinpointed before any laborious isolation steps, to avoid the redundant isolation of previously known compounds.ConclusionThis study highlighted the use of the established procedure in exploring the metabolomes of these species, which could be helpful for chemotaxonomic and authentication purposes, and might expand the basis for their future phytochemical analysis. Coupling the observed biological potential with LC–MS data has also accelerated the tracing of their bioactive principles.
Control of the STC power in PV modules' supplies for utility scale plants
Authors: Pérez Leonardo , Coello Jorge , Lorenzo Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article presents a specific procedure to control the standard test conditions (STC) power in photovoltaic (PV) modules. It also shows the results of its application on a supply of approximately 700 000 multicrystalline p‐type silicon BSF technology PV modules made by a worldwide known manufacturer (Tier‐1, Q4 2015). First, during the manufacturing process, the analysis of the STC power measurements of the whole supply carried out by the modules' manufacturer is included, where the quality of these measurements was evaluated through a comparative contrast study in an independent laboratory on a sample of 4000 modules. In addition, the light‐induced degradation (LID) on 180 modules and the resistance to the potential induced degradation (PID) in a sample of 125 modules were characterized and critically analyzed. Secondly, during operation phase, the analysis of the STC power after the first 2 years of operation of the modules in desert conditions was also included. These measurements were carried out on a sample of 2000 modules making use of an accredited mobile laboratory. The overall results showed the effectiveness of the implementation of the aforementioned procedure, which is based on the use of a set of reference modules (primary standards) with common calibration origin. It proved to be an effective way of reducing uncertainties all along the quality control process. The susceptibility to PID, as observed on the PID test (chamber method) specified in IEC TS 62804, was practically negligible, and the average LID degradation after 20 kWh/m2 of exposition to the sun was 1.5%. Finally, the degradation rate in the second year of operation was 0.32% with respect to the initial degradation occurred during the whole first year.
Direct observation of hydrogen at defects in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Tweddle David , Hamer Phillip , Shen Zhao , Markevich Vladimir P. , Moody Michael P. , Wilshaw Peter R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrogen passivation is a key industrial technique used to reduce the recombination activity of defects in multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si). However, not all dislocations and grain boundaries respond well to traditional hydrogen passivation techniques. In order to understand the reasons for these different behaviours, and how superior passivation might be achieved, a method is required for the direct observation of hydrogen at these defects. Here, we present a novel characterisation technique based on a combination of transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), atom probe tomography (APT), and isotopic substitution that enables unambiguous detection and quantification of hydrogen atoms present at crystallographic defects in mc‐Si.
The impact of diurnal variation of PSA on timing of measurement in prostate biopsy
Authors: Uzun Hakkı , Arpa Medeni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) synthesis is related to testosterone, which has a diurnal rhythm. PSA might have a diurnal variation and the timing of measurement could change the clinical practice for prostate biopsy.MethodsMale patients complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms (group 1) and diagnosed with prostate cancer (group 2) were recruited into the study. Morning fasting blood samples were withdrawn between 9.00 and 11.00 am for the determination of biochemical parameters, PSA (PSA1), total testosterone (T1), and estradiol (E1) levels. In the afternoon, between 15.00 and 15.30 pm, blood samples were again obtained from the same participants at the same day and the serum concentration of PSA (PSA2), total testosterone (T2), and estradiol (E2) were measured.ResultsA total of 160 and 30 patients were enrolled in groups 1 and 2, respectively. One hundred forty (87.5%) and 26 (86.6%) patients had a decrease in the PSA levels when measured in the afternoon. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test determined a statistically significant difference between the PSA levels measured in the morning and in the afternoon in each group. An analysis of covariance test revealed no statistically significant difference in PSA concentration between the groups after adjustment for baseline concentration (F(1.187) = 0.203, P = .653). There was a weak positive correlation between PSA1/PSA2 and T1/T2, rs (160) = 0.163, P = .034. An extra unit increase in PSA1 concentration leads to a 0.805 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.781‐0.830) and 0.828 (95% CI, 0.807‐0.849) ng/mL increase in PSA2 concentration in groups 1 and 2, respectively, that is, patients with and without prostate cancer had a similar decrease in the PSA levels. When measured in the afternoon, 66.6% and 50% patients with a morning PSA level over 3 or 4 ng/mL had a PSA drop below these levels, respectively.ConclusionsPSA has a diurnal variation and the timing of measurement may alter the decision of the clinician for transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy.
Iterative feedback tuning for Hamiltonian systems based on variational symmetry
Authors: Satoh Satoshi , Fujimoto Kenji 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel iterative feedback tuning (IFT) for Hamiltonian systems, which can describe a practically important class of nonlinear systems. Hamiltonian systems have a special property called variational symmetry, and it can be used to estimate the input‐output mapping of the variational adjoint for certain input‐output mappings of the systems. First, we derive a modified variational symmetry to adapt to the gradient estimation of an optimal control–type cost function with respect to adjustable parameters of a controller. Second, we provide an IFT algorithm based on the property, which generates the optimal parameters minimizing the cost function by iteration of experiments. The proposed algorithm requires less number of experiments to estimate the gradient than the conventional IFT methods for nonlinear systems. We also provide a method to optimize the elements of the dissipation matrix, which does not directly appear in the Hamiltonian function, by equipping a dynamic feedback of the generalized coordinate. Moreover, we provide an IFT algorithm considering parameter constraints so that the parameters can be optimized within a prescribed search range. Finally, a numerical simulation of a two‐link robot manipulator including a comparison with the conventional IFT methods demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Flooding water and society
Authors: Camargo Alejandro , Cortesi Luisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs social scientists of water, we need to keep evaluating the analytical tools we use. Through the example of floods, we here develop a critique of one of those tools, the hydrosocial cycle framework, in order to expand our conceptualizations of water. The hydrosocial cycle is a re‐elaboration of the classical hydrological cycle which explicitly politicizes and denaturalizes the study of hydrological systems. In political ecology, such a conceptual framework has been pivotal to the understanding of how water circulates in society through a complex web of power relations, economic structures, and processes that are at the same time spatial and historical. But when we deploy this concept to examine floods, a number of limitations emerge. In this article, we formulate three specific theses which focus on those limitations: (a) an overemphasis on society, (b) a lack of attention to ecology and, more generally the relationships between water and other nonhuman elements and processes, and (c) a heuristic overreliance on the metaphors of flow and cycle. In developing these three theses, we discern alternative paths of analysis to conceptualize floodwaters at a time when these events increasingly constitute a significant threat to humans and nonhumans alike. Our hope is that this critique will also contribute to broader interdisciplinary debates about water and society.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedWater and Life > Conservation, Management, and AwarenessHuman Water > Water Governance
Enhanced Ar‐K X‐ray emission observed in EBIT at electron energies around 6,500 eV
Authors: Biela Weronika , Warczak Andrzej , Mucha Adam , Malarz Adam 
Published: August 2019

Recently (2015) at the Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University, a commercial electron beam ion source (Dresden EBIT, DREEBIT Co.) was installed for teaching and scientific purposes. The first experiments were focused on observation of radiative recombination and dielectronic recombination (DR). A good resolution of the X‐ray spectra for DR in argon encouraged a more detailed search. An investigation of higher order resonances, namely, trielectronic recombination (TR: KK‐LLL, KK‐LLM,…) in argon ions, was initiated. The present experiment was conducted while scanning the electron beam energy of the EBIT over the region 5,700–7200 eV. This electron energy region was expected to manifest an enhancement of the Ar‐K X‐ray emission due to TR processes mentioned above. Indeed, a maximum‐like behavior of the radiation intensity was observed.
Optimization of choke size for two-phase flow using artificial intelligence
Authors: Khamis Mohammad , Elhaj Murtada , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrently, engineers are using numerical correlations to describe the flow of oil and gas through chokes. These numerical correlations are not 100% accurate, as indicated by other studies, so there is a need to find a better approach to describe and calculate the choke size. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used for better results. In this study, AI was used to estimate the optimum choke size that is required to meet the desired flow rate. Four techniques are used in this study: artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic (FL), support vector machines, and functional networks. Results obtained using these techniques were compared. After researching each technique, FL was found to give the best predictions.
Fraud risk assessment within blockchain transactions
Authors: Goffard Pierre-O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe probability of successfully spending twice the same bitcoins is considered. A double-spending attack consists in issuing two transactions transferring the same bitcoins. The first transaction, from the fraudster to a merchant, is included in a block of the public chain. The second transaction, from the fraudster to himself, is recorded in a block that integrates a private chain, exact copy of the public chain up to substituting the fraudster-to-merchant transaction by the fraudster-to-fraudster transaction. The double-spending hack is completed once the private chain reaches the length of the public chain, in which case it replaces it. The growth of both chains are modelled by two independent counting processes. The probability distribution of the time at which the malicious chain catches up with the honest chain, or, equivalently, the time at which the two counting processes meet each other, is studied. The merchant is supposed to await the discovery of a given number of blocks after the one containing the transaction before delivering the goods. This grants a head start to the honest chain in the race against the dishonest chain.
Extremes of multitype branching random walks: heaviest tail wins
Authors: Bhattacharya Ayan , Maulik Krishanu , Palmowski Zbigniew , Roy Parthanil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider a branching random walk on a multitype (withQtypes of particles), supercritical Galton–Watson tree which satisfies the Kesten–Stigum condition. We assume that the displacements associated with the particles of typeQhave regularly varying tails of index$\alpha$, while the other types of particles have lighter tails than the particles of typeQ. In this paper we derive the weak limit of the sequence of point processes associated with the positions of the particles in thenth generation. We verify that the limiting point process is a randomly scaled scale-decorated Poisson point process using the tools developed by Bhattacharya, Hazra, and Roy (2018). As a consequence, we obtain the asymptotic distribution of the position of the rightmost particle in thenth generation.
The sharp threshold for jigsaw percolation in random graphs
Authors: Cooley Oliver , Kapetanopoulos Tobias , Makai Tamás 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyse the jigsaw percolation process, which may be seen as a measure of whether two graphs on the same vertex set are ‘jointly connected’. Bollobás, Riordan, Slivken, and Smith (2017) proved that, when the two graphs are independent binomial random graphs, whether the jigsaw process percolates undergoes a phase transition when the product of the two probabilities is$\Theta({1}/{(n\ln n)})$. We show that this threshold is sharp, and that it lies at${1}/{(4n\ln n)}$.
Who is the infector? General multi-type epidemics and real-time susceptibility processes
Authors: Britton Tom , Leung Ka Yin , Trapman Pieter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe couple a multi-type stochastic epidemic process with a directed random graph, where edges have random weights (traversal times). This random graph representation is used to characterise the fractions of individuals infected by the different types of vertices among all infected individuals in the large population limit. For this characterisation, we rely on the theory of multi-type real-time branching processes. We identify a special case of the two-type model in which the fraction of individuals of a certain type infected by individuals of the same type is maximised among all two-type epidemics approximated by branching processes with the same mean offspring matrix.
The museum in the lab: historical practice in the experimental sciences at Cambridge, 1874–1936
Authors: JARDINE BORIS 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the hoarding, collecting and occasional display of old apparatus in new laboratories. The first section uses a 1936 exhibition of Cambridge's scientific relics as a jumping-off point to survey the range of historical practices in the various Cambridge laboratories. This panoramic approach is intended to show the variety and complexity of pasts that scientists had used material to conjure in the years prior to the exhibition. Commerce and commemoration emerge as two key themes. The second part turns to the Cavendish Laboratory (experimental physics) to explore the highly specific senses of time and memorialization at play in the early years of the laboratory (c.1874–1910), and the way these were transformed over the subsequent generations leading up to the 1936 moment. The key figure here is James Clerk Maxwell, whose turn to history involved a mix of antiquarianism and modernism. The paper concludes with an attempt to characterize the meanings and significances of ‘the museum in the lab’. This phenomenon ought to be understood in terms of the wide range of ‘collections’ present in laboratory spaces.
On oblique liquid curtains
Authors: Weinstein Steven J. , Ross David S. , Ruschak Kenneth J. , Barlow Nathaniel S. 
Published: August 2019

In a recent paper (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 861, 2019, pp. 328–348), Benilov derived equations governing a laminar liquid sheet (a curtain) that emanates from a slot whose centreline is inclined to the vertical. The equations are valid for slender sheets whose characteristic length scale in the direction of flow is much larger than its cross-sectional thickness. For a liquid that leaves a slot with average speed, $u_{0}$, volumetric flow rate per unit width, $q$, surface tension, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$, and density, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$, Benilov obtains parametric equations that predict steady-state curtain shapes that bend upwards against gravity provided $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}qu_{0}/2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}<1$. Benilov’s parametric equations are shown to be identical to those derived by Finnicum, Weinstein, and Ruschak (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 255, 1993, pp. 647–665). In the latter form, it is straightforward to deduce an alternative solution of Benilov’s equations where a curtain falls vertically regardless of the slot’s orientation. This solution is consistent with prior experimental and theoretical results that show that a liquid curtain can emerge from a slot at an angle different from that of the slot centreline.