bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Swimming Performance of Two Endemic Fish Species in the Upper Yangtze River
Authors: Wang Yuanming , Li Yong , An Ruidong , Li Kefeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTotal dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation has been identified as one of the possible negative environmental effects of the construction of dams in the upper Yangtze River. Juvenile Chinese sucker and Prenant’s schizothoracin fish were selected to evaluate the impact of TDG supersaturation on the swimming performance of fish in the Upper Yangtze River. The critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) of Chinese sucker were 4.06, 2.83, 2.87, 2.68, and 2.29 BLs−1 at the TDG supersaturation levels of 100, 117, 122, 125 and 130%, respectively. The Ucrit of Prenant’s schizothoracin were 7.38, 4.32, 3.98, and 3.74 BLs−1 at the TDG supersaturation levels of 100, 117, 125 and 130%, respectively. The burst swimming speed (Uburst) of the two species also significantly declined with increases in the TDG supersaturation level. The present results demonstrate that the swimming speeds of Prenant’s schizothoracin that were exposed to 130% TDG supersaturation for 2 h exhibited significant recovery after 2 days, whereas the swimming speeds of Chinese sucker did not. The swimming speeds of Chinese sucker after 2 days of recovery were significantly reduced compared with those of control fish, whereas the speeds of Prenant’s schizothoracin returned to normal levels.
Upregulation of chemokine CXCL10 enhances chronic pulmonary inflammation in tree shrew collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Gao Bo , Lin Jie , Jiang Zongmin , Yang Zhongshan , Yu Haijing , Ding Lei , Yu Min , Cui Qinhua , Dunavin Neil , Zhang Ming , Li Meizhang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic pulmonary inflammation (CPI) gives rise to serious lung injuries in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of RA-associated CPI remains little understood. Here we established a novel tree shrew-based collagen-induced arthritis (TsCIA) model to study RA-associated CPI. Our results showed that typical CPI but not fibrosis developed pathologically in the TsCIA model. Furthermore, abnormal up-regulation of pulmonary chemokine CXCL10 was directly associated with lung damage. Specific blockage of CXCR3 (a CXCL10 receptor) significantly decreased the severity of CPI by decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Therefore, CXCL10 is proposed as a key player responsible for the development of TsCIA-associated CPI. Our findings also suggest that CXCR3 could be developed as a potential diagnosis biomarker for RA-associated CPI.
Comparison of AOD from CALIPSO, MODIS, and Sun Photometer under Different Conditions over Central China
Authors: Liu Boming , Ma Yingying , Gong Wei , Zhang Ming , Wang Wei , Shi Yifan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) provides three-dimensional information on aerosol optical properties across the globe. However, the performance of CALIPSO aerosol optical depth (AOD) products under different air quality conditions remains unclear. In this research, three years of CALIPSO level 2 AOD data (November 2013 to December 2017) were employed to compare with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 columnar AOD products and ground-based sun photometer measurements for the same time period. To investigate the effect of air quality on AODs retrieved from CALIPSO, the AODs obtained from CALIPSO, MODIS, and sun photometer were inter-compared under different air quality conditions over Wuhan and Dengfeng. The average absolute bias of AOD between CALIPSO and sun photometer was 0.22 ± 0.21, 0.11 ± 0.07, and 0.14 ± 0.13 under clean, moderate, and polluted weather, respectively. The result indicates that the CALIPSO AOD were more reliable under moderate and polluted days. Moreover, the deviation of AOD between CALIPSO and sun photometer was largest (0.23 ± 0.21) in the autumn season, and lowest (0.13 ± 0.12) in the winter season. The results show that CALIPSO AOD products were more applicable to regions and seasons with high aerosol concentrations.
Different gaze strategies during eye versus hand tracking of a moving target
Authors: Danion Frederic R. , Flanagan J. Randall 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to visually track, using smooth pursuit eye movements, moving objects is critical in both perceptual and action tasks. Here, by asking participants to view a moving target or track it with their hand, we tested whether different task demands give rise to different gaze strategies. We hypothesized that during hand tracking, in comparison to eye tracking, the frequency of catch-up saccades would be lower, and the smooth pursuit gain would be greater, because it limits the loss of stable retinal and extra-retinal information due to saccades. In our study participants viewed a visual target that followed a smooth but unpredictable trajectory in a horizontal plane and were instructed to either track the target with their gaze or with a cursor controlled by a manipulandum. Although the mean distance between gaze and target was comparable in both tasks, we found, consistent with our hypothesis, an increase in smooth pursuit gain and a decrease in the frequency of catch-up saccades during hand tracking. We suggest that this difference in gaze behavior arises from different tasks demands. Whereas keeping gaze close to the target is important in both tasks, obtaining stable retinal and extra-retinal information is critical for guiding hand movement.
Emerging nanofabrication and quantum confinement techniques for 2D materials beyond graphene
Authors: Stanford Michael G. , Rack Philip D. , Jariwala Deep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent advances in growth techniques have enabled the synthesis of high-quality large area films of 2D materials beyond graphene. As a result, nanofabrication methods must be developed for high-resolution and precise processing of these atomically thin materials. These developments are critical both for the integration of 2D materials in complex, integrated circuitry, as well as the creation of sub-wavelength and quantum-confined nanostructures and devices which allow the study of novel physical phenomena. In this review, we summarize recent advances in post-synthesis nanopatterning and nanofabrication techniques of 2D materials which include (1) etching techniques, (2) atomic modification, and (3) emerging nanopatterning techniques. We detail novel phenomena and devices which have been enabled by the recent advancement in nanofabrication techniques and comment on future outlook of 2D materials beyond graphene.
Recommended Protocols for Instrumental Assessment of Voice: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Expert Panel to Develop a Protocol for Instrumental Assessment of Vocal Function
Authors: Patel Rita R. , Awan Shaheen N. , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie , Courey Mark , Deliyski Dimitar , Eadie Tanya , Paul Diane , Švec Jan G. , Hillman Robert 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to recommend protocols for instrumental assessment of voice production in the areas of laryngeal endoscopic imaging, acoustic analyses, and aerodynamic procedures, which will (a) improve the evidence for voice assessment measures, (b) enable valid comparisons of assessment results within and across clients and facilities, and (c) facilitate the evaluation of treatment efficacy.

Method
Existing evidence was combined with expert consensus in areas with a lack of evidence. In addition, a survey of clinicians and a peer review of an initial version of the protocol via VoiceServe and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Special Interest Group 3 (Voice and Voice Disorders) Community were used to create the recommendations for the final protocols.

Results
The protocols include recommendations regarding technical specifications for data acquisition, voice and speech tasks, analysis methods, and reporting of results for instrumental evaluation of voice production in the areas of laryngeal endoscopic imaging, acoustics, and aerodynamics.

Conclusion
The recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice using laryngeal endoscopic imaging, acoustic, and aerodynamic methods will enable clinicians and researchers to collect a uniform set of valid and reliable measures that can be compared across assessments, clients, and facilities.
Modeling and use of stellar oscillation visibilities
Authors: Schou J. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Recently our ability to study stars using asteroseismic techniques has increased dramatically, largely through the use of space based photometric observations. Work has also been performed using ground based spectroscopic observations and more is expected in the near future from the SONG network. Unfortunately, the intensity observations have an inferior signal-to-noise ratio and details of the observations do not agree with theory, while the data analysis used in the spectroscopic method has often been based on overly simple models of the spectra.
Aims. The aim is to improve the reliability of measurements of the parameters of stellar oscillations using spectroscopic observations and to enable the optimal use of the observations.
Methods. While previous investigations have used 1D models, I argue that realistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, combined with radiative transfer calculations, should be used to model the effects of the oscillations on the spectra. I then demonstrate how to calculate the visibility of the oscillation modes for a variety of stellar parameters and fitting methods. In addition to the methods used in previous investigations, I introduce a singular value decomposition based technique. This new technique enables the determination of the information content available from spectral perturbations and allows this content to be expressed most compactly. Finally I describe how the time series obtained may be analyzed.
Results. It is shown that it is important to model the visibilities carefully and that the results deviate substantially from previous models, especially in the presence of rotation. Detailed spectral modeling may be exploited to measure the properties of a larger number of modes than possible via the commonly used cross-correlation method. With moderate rotation, there is as much information in the line shape changes as in the Doppler shift and an outline of how to extract this is given.
An analysis of the TZ Fornacis binary system
Authors: Higl J. , Siess L. , Weiss A. , Ritter H. 
Published: June 2018

Context. TZ Fornacis (TZ For) is an evolved detached binary system that is difficult to model and interpret, but very useful for testing stellar evolution theory and physics.
Aims. We aim to search for solutions that are self-consistent and to determine the necessary stellar physics input. We also check solutions found previously for their internal consistency and for reproducibility.
Methods. We use both a single and a binary stellar evolution code, and take into account all known system properties. We determine the physical stellar parameters by imposing that the models match the known radii for identical stellar ages. The evolution has to be consistent with a binary system in classical Roche geometry.
Results. We obtained two different solutions to model TZ For successfully. Both depend on avoiding a long evolution on the first giant branch and imply a sufficiently large convective core on the main sequence. TZ For can be modelled consistently as a detached binary system by invoking either a substantial amount of core overshooting or a tidally enhanced wind mass loss along the red giant branch. An evolution with Roche-lobe overflow can definitely be excluded.
Conclusions. A comparison of our results with previous studies also reveals that in addition to uncertainties associated with the input physics, the modelling of overshooting by different algorithms can have a strong impact.
Cold electrons at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Engelhardt I. A. D. , Eriksson A. I. , Vigren E. , Valliéres X. , Rubin M. , Gilet N. , Henri P. 
Published: June 2018

Context. The electron temperature of the plasma is one important aspect of the environment. Electrons created by photoionization or impact ionization of atmospheric gas have energies ~10 eV. In an active comet coma, the gas density is high enough for rapid cooling of the electron gas to the neutral gas temperature (a few hundred kelvin). How cooling evolves in less active comets has not been studied before.
Aims. We aim to investigate how electron cooling varied as comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko changed its activity by three orders of magnitude during the Rosetta mission.
Methods. We used in situ data from the Rosetta plasma and neutral gas sensors. By combining Langmuir probe bias voltage sweeps and mutual impedance probe measurements, we determined at which time cold electrons formed at least 25% of the total electron density. We compared the results to what is expected from simple models of electron cooling, using the observed neutral gas density as input.
Results. We demonstrate that the slope of the Langmuir probe sweep can be used as a proxy for the presence of cold electrons. We show statistics of cold electron observations over the two-year mission period. We find cold electrons at lower activity than expected by a simple model based on free radial expansion and continuous loss of electron energy. Cold electrons are seen mainly when the gas density indicates that an exobase may have formed.
Conclusions. Collisional cooling of electrons following a radial outward path is not sufficient to explain the observations. We suggest that the ambipolar electric field keeps electrons in the inner coma for a much longer time, giving them time to dissipate energy by collisions with the neutrals. We conclude that better models are required to describe the plasma environment of comets. They need to include at least two populations of electrons and the ambipolar field.
The Response of Megakaryocytes with Processes to Thrombin
Authors: Radley J M , Hartshorn M A , Green S L 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe response of megakaryocytes to thrombin (1-10 U/ml) has been examined by time-lapse cinemicrography and electron microscopy. The study was confined to mature megakaryocytes which had developed processes following incubation in vitro. The initial response of all cells was to undergo retraction of processes, behaviour thought to be linked with the depolymerization of microtubules which extend longitudinally through the processes. The majority of cells completely withdrew their processes, but about 30% responded differently and underwent only limited retraction, followed by secretion. Analysis of time-lapse film showed that processes from the latter group of cells had formed attachments with the coverslip prior to exposure to thrombin. Within the partially retracted processes of these cells, secretory granules were found to be clustered centripetally and enveloped by a rnicrofilamentous structure in the form of a cylinder. Vacuoles appeared, some of which were located outside the rnicrofilamentous structure. Microtubules were present, but many appeared disorientated. The shape of the rnicrofilamentous structure suggests that the cytoplasm is not organized into putative platelets at the time of process formation.
Relationship Between Fibrinopeptide A and Fibrinogen/Fibrin Fragment E in Thromboembolism, DIC and Various Non-Thromboembolic Diseases
Authors: Mombelli G , Monotti R , Haeberli A , Straub P W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIncreased fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels have been reported in various non-thrombotic disorders, including cancer, acute myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis and collagen vascular diseases. To investigate the significance of these findings, the present study combined the radioimmunoassay of FPA with that of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation fragment E (FgE) in the aforementioned disorders and compared the results with those observed in healthy subjects as well as in patients with thromboembolism and overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Mean FPA and FgE in malignancy were 6.3 and 305 ng/ml, in myocardial infarction 5.6 and 98 ng/ml, in liver cirrhosis 2.7 and 132 ng/ml and in collagen vascular diseases 5.6 and 142 ng/ml. All these values were significantly higher than in healthy controls (mean FPA 1.6 ng/ml, mean FgE 49 ng/ml) but significantly lower than in thromboembolism (mean FPA 10.7 ng/ml, mean FgE 639 ng/ ml) and DIC (mean FPA 22.0 ng/ml, mean FgE 1041 ng/ml). The overall correlation between FPA and FgE was highly significant. Elowever, different disorders showed peculiar patterns in FPA, FgE and fibrinogen levels. In malignancy, a definite increase of FPA, FgE and plasma fibrinogen levels was observed. This finding probably indicates a compensated state of (intra- or extravascular) fibrin formation and lysis. Acute myocardial infarction was characterized by a high FPA to FgE ratio, which is interpreted to reflect acute thrombin generation and fibrin formation. FPA in cirrhosis was only marginally elevated with most single values within the normal range, indicating that intravascular coagulation was infrequent and unimportant in quantitative terms.
Platelet Adhesion to Native Collagens Involves Proteoglycans and May Be a Two-Step Process
Authors: Behnke O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAdhesion of rat blood platelets to native rat tail collagen fibrils was studied in the electron microscope under conditions that preserved collagen-associated proteoglycans (CAPG). The CAPG molecules were aligned in chain-like configurations that encircled the fibrils with a 65 nm period; they appeared to coat the fibrils completely and extended 60-100 nm away from the fibril. The initial platelet-fibril contact occurred between the platelet glycocalyx and the CAPG of the fibrils i.e. between two surfaces with net-negative charges. When close contact was established between the fibril surface proper and the platelet membrane, CAPG were not identified in the area of contact, and the collagen-platelet distance was reduced to a ~10-12 nm wide gap traversed by delicate links in register with fibril periodicities.
A Clinical and Laboratory Study of a Patient with an Unusual Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: Bloom A.L , Davies A.J , Rees J.K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe clinical and laboratory features of a patient with a post-partum factor VIII inhibitor are described. A large sublingual haematoma caused respiratory distress but this was quickly relieved by treatment with bovine antihaemo- philic globulin. The inhibitor activity rapidly declined possibly because of corticosteroid therapy but factor VIII levels subsequently remained reduced.Inactivation of factor VIII by the inhibitor in vitro increased on incubation but was incomplete and did not give the linear pattern described by Biggs and Bidwell (1). Although the clotting time of the patient’s blood was prolonged a factor VIII level of 18% was detected. The inhibitor was apparently more active when residual factor VIII was assayed by a one-stage than by a two- stage method and it inactivated similar proportions of factor VIII when this was added to plasma in different concentrations. Factor VIII could not be recovered from combination with the inhibitor by euglobulin precipitation. The results suggest that the inhibitor altered the reactivity of factor VIII.A transiently positive direct antiglobulin test suggested an immunological basis for the syndrome but although the inhibitor showed some species specificity for human factor VIII no other supporting evidence was obtained.
Coagulopathies et Carcinomes Riches en Mucopolysaccharides
Authors: Bagnoud F 
Published: June 2018

RésuméTrois cas d’adénocarcinome mucipare sont rapportés. Ils ont en commun une importante dissémination hématogène de la tumeur et des thromboses. Chez deux d’entre eux, révolution se complique d’une diathèse hémorragique. L’autopsie révèle une précipitation massive de fibrine dans le système artériolocapillaire viscéral. Cette dyscrasie est classée dans le groupe des coagulopathies par consommation. Le rôle pathogénique des mucines tumorales dans la genèse des thromboses est discuté.
The Separation of AHF from Fibrinogen. IV
Authors: van Creveld S , Mochtar I. A , Pascha C. N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe anti-hemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) has been separated from fibrinogen by means of continous flow electrophoresis. The starting material was Cohn’s fraction I, prepared from normal human resinplasma. These fibrinogen-free products still contained proteins without AHF-activity. Part of these contaminating proteins could be extracted from fraction I by means of a 1 molar solution of epsilon amino caproic acid. The residue, principally consisting of fibrinogen and AHF, was dissolved in a triethylamine buffer and subjected to continuous flow electrophoresis. The resulting AHF-preparations were free from fibrinogen. By immuno-electrophoresis no proteins without AHF-activity could be demonstrated in these preparations.
Effect of Dextran infusion on the Adenosine Diphosphate Induced Adhesiveness and the Spreading Capacity of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Bygdeman S , Eliasson R , Gullbring B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe adenosine diphosphate induced platelet adhesiveness to glass and the platelet spreading capacity on a siliconized glass surface have been studied in 8 hypovolemic subjects after infusion of 500 ml 6% solution of dextran 70 (Macrodex®) or 500 ml normal saline. Infusion of dextran caused a significant decrease in platelet adhesiveness compared with the controls while no effect was noted on the spreading capacity.It is proposed that the observed effect on platelet adhesiveness is due to dextran induced changes in the activity of plasma factors involved in the mechanisms leading to platelet adhesiveness.
Adenine Nucleotides in Platelets from Normal and Uraemic Subjects
Authors: Pitney W. R , Hinterberger H , Potter M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAdenine nucleotides in platelets from normal and uraemic subjects were measured before and after passage of blood through glass bead filters. Platelets from uraemic subjects contained normal amounts of ATP, ADP, AMP and total nucleotides. Normal platelets which had passed through filters contained higher concentrations of ATP, ADP and total nucleotides than platelets in control blood samples, indicating either heterogeneity of adenine nucleotide content in normal platelets or possibly adsorption of nucleotides onto platelets during their passage through the filters. This phenomenon was not observed with platelets from uraemic patients.
Release of Nitrocatecholsulfatase during Blood Coagulation from Thrombocytes
Authors: Polášek J , Rotrekl B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this study the release of NCS from blood platelets into the serum during blood coagulation and its dependence on time and temperature have been studied. In a group of 10 males and 10 females, the NCS activity in the plasma was determined and compared with that in the serum.
Studies on Thrombolysis with Streptokinase
Authors: Gottlob R , Blümel G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn vitro whole blood clots were incubated in SK, washed several times in Ringer-solution and then introduced into plasminogen solution. These clots showed marked signs of lysis surpassing those observed in clots that had only been incubated in SK. There was a correlation between the duration of the SK incubation and the clot lysis in the plasminogen solution. We deduce from these findings that SK enters the clots by diffusion and that this process lasts several hours.If SK-incubated clots are placed into an SK-free environment, the SK slowly diffuses out of the thrombi.Even in contact with very slight plasminogen concentrations, SK-incubated clots undergo distinct degrees of lysis.