bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Categorical Data for Complex Surveys
Authors: Skinner Chris 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper reviews methods for handling complex sampling schemes when analysing categorical survey data. It is generally assumed that the complex sampling scheme does not affect the specification of the parameters of interest, only the methodology for making inference about these parameters. The organisation of the paper is loosely chronological. Contingency table data are emphasised first before moving on to the analysis of unit‐level data. Weighted least squares methods, introduced in the mid 1970s along with methods for two‐way tables, receive early attention. They are followed by more general methods based on maximum likelihood, particularly pseudo maximum likelihood estimation. Point estimation methods typically involve the use of survey weights in some way. Variance estimation methods are described in broad terms. There is a particular emphasis on methods of testing. The main modelling methods considered are log‐linear models, logit models, generalised linear models and latent variable models. There is no coverage of multilevel models.
Engaging Stakeholders in Planning for Sea Level Rise and Resilience
Authors: Yusuf Juita‐Elena (Wie) , St. John Burton , Covi Michelle , Nicula J. Gail 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis case study describes a region‐wide, multi‐sectoral, and whole‐of‐community stakeholder engagement approach for addressing sea level rise (SLR) and flooding. This approach was implemented through a university‐led community engagement event, the Hampton Roads Resilient Region Reality Check (H4RC), which allowed an examination of its effectiveness as a mechanism for capturing community‐wide perceptions regarding SLR, flooding, and associated risks; engaging stakeholders in discussion within and across different groups; and assessing community willingness to address flooding and SLR. The results show that the event helped participants broaden their perspectives and understanding of flooding and SLR. In an approach that called for participants to engage in social learning across social networks, the event had some effect on individual efficacy. However, there was little impact on participants' already‐established perception that the region does not possess significant willingness to take action.
Luminomagnetic Nd3+ doped fluorapatite coated Fe3O4 nanostructures for biomedical applications
Authors: Karthi Sekar , Govindan Raji , Gangadharan Ajithkumar , Dannangoda Gamage Chamath , Martirosyan Karen S. , Sardar Dhiraj K. , Chidangil Santhosh , Girija Easwaradas Kreedapathy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLuminomagnetic nanostructured Nd3+ doped fluorapatite (FAP) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were produced by hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the prepared nanoparticles contain both FAP and Fe3O4 phases. Electron microscope analysis shows the formation of nanoparticles of Fe3O4 encased in rod shaped FAP nanoparticles of average length 40 nm. Magnetic measurements confirm the room temperature superparamagnetic nature of the nanoparticles with saturation magnetization value up to 7.8 emu/g. The prepared nanoparticles display strong near infrared (NIR) emission at 1060 nm under 800 nm excitation. Cell viability studies for 72 hour demonstrate the survival rate of over 84% with 500 μg/mL concentration indicating the good cytocompatibility of the prepared materials. The present Nd3+ doped FAP coated Fe3O4 nanostructure provides an excellent multifunctional platform for diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
Robocasting: Prediction of ink printability in solgel bioactive glass
Authors: Ben‐Arfa Basam A. E. , Neto Ana S. , Miranda Salvado Isabel M. , Pullar Robert C. , Ferreira José M. F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBioactive glass powders synthesized by solgel are usually porous and exhibit high specific surface areas, conferring them poor ability for scaffolds fabrication using colloidal processing approaches. The difficulties associated with colloidal processing of solgel glass have hindered so far the processing of 3‐D scaffolds by robocasting. This research paper investigates the importance of calcination temperature (CT) and balls to powder ratio (BPR) used upon wet milling on the maximum achievable solid loading in aqueous media. The effects of CT, BPR, and solid loading on the flow behavior and viscoelastic properties of the suspensions/pastes were evaluated in this preliminary work. The aim is to disclose the sets of experimental variables that are most promising for the formulation of printable inks, and open the way for the future fabrication of porous scaffolds by robocasting and other 3‐D additive manufacturing techniques.
“Nurses’ use of visual management in hospitals—A longitudinal, quantitative study on its implications on systems performance and working conditions”
Authors: Williamsson Anna , Dellve Lotta , Karltun Anette 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine potential benefits provided by daily visual management tool use and explore its association with systems performance and working conditions among hospital nurses.BackgroundVisual management tools used in everyday work and improvement work in health care theoretically contribute to shared understanding of complex work systems and provide certain user benefits. Cognitive load, miscommunication within and between professional groups, and pressure to engage in care process redesign add to nurses’ strained working conditions.DesignQuantitative longitudinal.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed at T0, (N = 948, 66% response rate), T1 (N = 900, 70% response rate), and T2 (N = 621, 72% response rate) to nurses at five hospitals. Three groups of users (daily users, start users, and non‐daily users) were compared by means T1–T2 (significance tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test) and by mixed model repeated measures T0, T1, T2.ResultsDaily use associated to better overview of work, collaboration, social capital, and clinical engagement. Job resources were rated higher by daily users. Mental stress increased and development opportunities decreased over time among non‐daily users. There were associations between use and perceptions of systems performance, though the differences between groups were small.ConclusionThis study specifically explores visual management tool use in the hospital setting, which contributes to research by broadening the understanding of cognitive, social, and emotional benefits provided by visual management tool use. Daily use was associated to positive working conditions, small but positive differences in systems performance, and indicated a buffering effect on nurses’ mental stress.
A systematic review of the use of music interventions to improve outcomes for patients undergoing hip or knee surgery
Authors: Sibanda Annah , Carnes Debra , Visentin Denis , Cleary Michelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the effectiveness of music as an adjunct treatment for pain, anxiety, and/or postoperative delirium, for patients undergoing hip or knee surgery.BackgroundPatients undergoing hip or knee surgery are known to experience pain and anxiety before and after surgery and be prone to postoperative delirium.DesignQuantitative systematic review.Data SourcesCENTRAL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched without time limits (to June 2018).Review MethodsA systematic search yielded 10 randomized controlled trials and quasi‐experimental designs. Studies were appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data were extracted using the Effective Practice and Organization of Care data extraction tool.ResultsMixed results were found for the effect of music on anxiety, pain, and postoperative delirium in patients undergoing hip or knee surgery. Six of 10 included studies provided evidence that music can improve anxiety, pain, or postoperative delirium outcomes for patients undergoing hip or knee surgery. Music effectively reduced anxiety in one of three studies. Three of seven studies reported benefits of music for reducing postoperative pain. Positive effects of music on postoperative delirium were reported in all three studies that evaluated this outcome. Within group improvements were observed in many of the studies.ConclusionMusic has the potential to improve outcomes of anxiety, pain, and postoperative delirium, for patients undergoing hip or knee surgery. The low number of studies found indicates results should be treated with caution. Further studies are required to provide strong evidence generalizable to a broader population.
Five‐year experience with pulmonary vein isolation using the second‐generation cryoballoon for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Akkaya Ersan , Berkowitsch Alexander , Zaltsberg Sergej , Greiss Harald , Hamm Christian W. , Sperzel Johannes , Neumann Thomas , Kuniss Malte 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe analyzed the procedural experience and clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) gained over 5 years using the second‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐Adv).Methods and ResultsFor this retrospective study, we enrolled 281 patients undergoing PVI at our institution between 2012 and 2016. The analyzed period was divided into 5 calendar years. Follow‐up data, including Holter electrocardiography recordings, were collected during outpatient clinic visits. The impact of several variables on outcome was evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The median procedure and fluoroscopy times over the years were 90 (72 of 114) and 15 (11 of 21) minutes, respectively. A continuous decline in complication rates and fluoroscopy and procedure times was observed in each subsequent year. During mid‐term follow‐up (33 [25 of 48] months), 178 (63.3%) patients were AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia free. Multivariate analysis revealed left atrial area (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05; P < 0.001), female sex (HR = 2.53;
P < 0.001), and common ostium (HR = 1.93;
P < 0.001) as significant predictors of outcome. The overall 1‐year success rate was 76.2%. A gradual decrease in the 1‐year success rate (from 90.5% in 2012 to 67.9% in 2016) was mainly related to a steady increase of left atrial area in the entire cohort with successive years of the study.ConclusionsPVI using CB‐Adv in patients with persistent AF is accompanied by a learning curve and facilitates a satisfactory outcome, followed by the proper selection of patients.
Demonstration of pulmonary vein exit block following pulmonary vein isolation: A novel use for adenosine
Authors: Wynn Gareth , Gupta Dhiraj , Maille Baptiste , Snowdon Richard , Waktare Johan , Todd Derick , Hall Mark , Mahida Saagar , Modi Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionDemonstration of exit block after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). It requires the demonstration of local pulmonary vein (PV) capture and absence of conduction to the atrium but is often challenging due to the inability to see local paced PV‐evoked potentials. We retrospectively examined the ability of adenosine to augment this technique during CARTO‐based radiofrequency ablation procedures.MethodsRetrospective analysis of evoked PV potentials during adenosine administration while testing for PV exit block at a single UK center.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine PVs in 33 patients were isolated using radiofrequency energy to demonstrate entry block. Of those, the pacing of 24 veins under baseline conditions did not clearly demonstrate local PV‐evoked potentials sufficient to be sure that the local vein was truly captured and dissociated from the atrium. Adenosine was administered in 19 of these, with 10 of 19 (52.6%) veins then demonstrating clear local PV‐evoked potentials transiently during adenosine administration, sufficient to allow assessment of definite exit block.ConclusionAdenosine administered during PV pacing allows transient visualization of local PV‐evoked potentials after PVI facilitating the clearer demonstration of PV exit block in over 50% veins.
PKCα replaces AMPK to regulate mitophagy: Another PEDF role on ischaemic cardioprotection
Authors: Miao Haoran , Qiu Fan , Huang Bing , Liu Xiucheng , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhiwei , Yuan Yanliang , Zhao Qixiang , Zhang Hu , Dong Hongyan , Zhang Zhongming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBoth decreased autophagy positive regulator AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) level and promoted mitophagy are observed in oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) cardiomyocytes treated with pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF). This contradictory phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Our previous study reveals that PEDF increases the protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and phospho‐PKCα (p‐PKCα) contents to promote mitophagy. Thus, we investigated the association between PKCα and mitophagy. Here we identify an interaction between PKCα and Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1), essential component of mitophagy. Further analyses show this is a direct interaction within a domain of ULK1 that termed the serine/threonine‐rich domain (S/T domain). Notably, a deletion mutant ULK1 that lacks the binding domain is defective in mediating PEDF‐induced mitophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ULK1 is phosphorylated at Ser317/555/777 and Raptor is also phosphorylated by phospho‐PKCα. Phospho‐ULK1 (p‐ULK1) at these sites are all essential for PEDF‐induced mitophagy and reduce the release of mitochondrial ROS and DNA. This study therefore identifies a previously uncharacterized interaction between the ULK1 and PKCα that can replace the AMPK‐dependent mitophagy processes.
Determination of the protective effects of olive leaf extracts on microbiological and physicochemical properties of pepper paste using the image processing methods
Authors: Gamli Ömer Faruk , Eraslan Zeliha , Akben Selahaddin Batuhan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeterioration due to chemical and microbiological changes is the most important problem encountered in the production and consuming period of the traditional and modern red pepper paste. On the other side, it is stated in the literature that the olive leaf is an effective natural preservative for similar deteriorations. However, a research related to the preservative effect of olive leaf on pepper paste has not yet been presented in the literature. In the study, olive leaf extract (OLE) was added at different concentrations to the industrial sweet pepper paste and preservative effect of OLE was measured to complete the mentioned deficiency in the literature. However, the experimental results were not suitable for modeling since it contained too much local optimum. Therefore, the experimental results corresponding to not tested independent variable combinations were predicted by bicubic interpolation method. Then, the predicted values were transformed into images to visual determination of significant changes associated with OLE concentrations and storage days. According to the findings, the OLE supplementation between 2.5 and 3.5 g/kg provides optimum microbiological preservation along 15 days for the pepper paste stored as cover‐open. However, OLE supplementation did not cause any physicochemical or color changes for pepper paste stored as cover‐open. Also, there was no significant microbiological, physicochemical or color changes determined for the pepper paste stored as cover‐closed. As a result, OLE supplementation between 2.5 and 3.5 g/kg suggested to preserve the canned pepper paste microbiologically after the consumption has started. Thus, the effect of the OLE on pepper paste was determined and presented to the literature.Practical applicationOLE supplementation between 2.5 and 3.5 g/kg inhibits the microbiological growth in pepper paste stored as cover‐open. Thus, the canned pepper paste supplemented with OLE can be protected microbiologically after start of consumption. Olive leaf that is originally wasted also can be evaluated.
Determination of baseline values for routine ophthalmic tests in bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Bezerra Karla Priscila Garrido , de Lucena Ricardo Barbosa , Stipp Danilo Tancler , Costa Fabiano Séllos , Reis Vânia Vieira , Borges Péricles Farias , Bopp Simone , Campos Danila Barreiro , Talieri Ivia Carmem 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEstablish baseline values for ophthalmic diagnostic tests in Sapajus libidinosus.MethodsOphthalmic diagnostic tests, namely Schirmer tear test 1 (STT‐1), intraocular pressure (IOP), B‐mode ultrasound, culture of the bacterial conjunctival microbiota, and conjunctival exfoliative cytology, were performed in 15 S. libidinosus.ResultsMean values found were as follows: 2.50 ± 2.94 mm/min for the STT‐1; 13.3 ± 3.32 mm Hg for the IOP; 2.47 ± 0.41 mm for the depth of the anterior chamber; 2.86 ± 0.96 mm for the axial length of the lens; 10.97 ± 0.48 mm for the depth of the vitreous chamber; and 16.32 ± 1.24 mm for the axial length of the eyeball. The bacterial genus most frequently found was Staphylococcus spp. Conjunctival cytology showed intermediate epithelial, squamous superficial epithelial, and keratinized cells.ConclusionsDetermination of baseline values for eye measurements and ophthalmic tests will assist in the diagnosis of eye diseases in S. libidinosus monkeys.
Feasibility of DAIly NURSE: A nursing intervention to change nursing staff behaviour towards encouraging residents’ daily activities and independence in the nursing home
Authors: den Ouden Mirre , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G. , Meijers Judith M. M. , Bleijlevens Michel H. C. , Hamers Jan P. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the feasibility of DAIly NURSE and a nursing intervention to encourage nursing home residents’ daily activities and independence.BackgroundNursing home residents are mainly inactive during the day. DAIly NURSE was developed to change nursing behaviour towards encouraging nursing home residents’ activities and independence by creating awareness. It consists of three components: education, coaching‐on‐the‐job and policy.DesignA mixed‐method study.MethodsThe feasibility of DAIly NURSE in practice was tested in six psychogeriatric nursing home wards, using attendance lists (reach), evaluation questionnaires (fidelity, dose received and barriers), notes made by the researcher (dose delivered and fidelity) and a focus group interview (dose received and barriers) with nursing home staff (n = 8) at the end of the study.ResultsThe feasibility study showed that all three components (education, coaching‐on‐the‐job and policy) were implemented in practice. The attendance rate in the workshops was high (average: 82%). Nursing home staff were satisfied with the workshops (mean score 9 out of 10 points) and agreed that DAIly NURSE was feasible in daily nursing care practice. Recommendations to optimise the feasibility of DAIly NURSE included the following: Add video observations of a specific moment of the day to create awareness of nursing behaviour; educate all nursing staff of the ward during the workshops; and organise information meetings for family members before the start of the intervention. Nursing staff were satisfied with the intervention and provided recommendations for adjustments to the content of the three components. The most important adjustment is the use of video observations to create awareness of nursing staff behaviour.ConclusionsDAIly NURSE, consisting of education, coaching‐on‐the‐job and policy, is feasible in nursing home practice.Relevance to clinical practiceDAIly NURSE might help to change nursing behaviour towards encouraging residents’ daily activities and independence.
CT Reconstruction Levels Affect Automated and Reader‐Based ASPECTS Ratings in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Seker Fatih , Pfaff Johannes , Nagel Simon , Vollherbst Dominik , Gerry Stephen , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Bendszus Martin , Herweh Christian 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe investigated whether automated and reader‐based ASPECTS in acute stroke patients are affected by different CT image reconstruction algorithms.METHODSASPECTS were assessed by commercial software and four independent blinded readers (two residents and two consultants) from different CT reconstructions (filtered back projection and two different iterative reconstruction [IR] levels) in 43 acute stroke patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ground truth was provided by an expert with unrestricted data access.RESULTSThe residents showed significant variations between IR levels and had a significantly lower internal consistency across different reconstructions compared to the software, which performed similarly to the consultants. The consultant as well as the software also showed different deviations from ground truth with different IR levels, which were least at IR strength level 2.CONCLUSIONSCT image postprocessing affects either automated or human ASPECTS in acute stroke patients. This effect was most pronounced in the less experienced readers, while the software had the most robust performance.
Termites confer resistance to changes in tree composition following reduced browsing in an African savanna
Authors: Acanakwo Erik F. , Okullo Paul , Sheil Douglas , Moe Stein R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuestionsUngulates affect plant community structure and composition. Vegetation response to these effects are variable. Wild large herbivore populations are declining globally, but how tree communities respond to this change is not clear. We experimentally examined how tree communities respond to changes in ungulate abundance in a heterogeneous landscape.LocationLake Mburo National Park, Uganda.MethodsWe recorded tree species in nine replicate sites each with four treatment plots: fenced off‐mound (excluding ungulates), unfenced off‐mound, fenced and unfenced on‐mound. Each species was assessed for fruit type, leafing strategy, spinescence and bark thickness. We compared tree communities on‐ and off‐mound, with and without ungulates using PERMANOVA, and the effects of habitat, fencing and time on stem density and traits using generalized linear mixed effects model.ResultsStem density increased by 88% off‐mound and 138% on‐mound (p = 0.005) with fencing, between 2006 and 2015. Whether tree communities occurred on‐ or off‐mound determined species composition, but fencing had little effect. Tree traits were not markedly altered by fencing on‐mound. Off‐mound, fencing was associated with a 38% increase in the proportion of fleshy‐fruited tree stems (p < 0.001), 18% decline in armed tree stems (p = 0.035) and a 44% reduction in mean bark thickness (p = 0.001).ConclusionOur study highlights the important role mounds play in maintaining tree community composition with declining ungulate abundance. While ungulates influence tree communities off‐mounds they have little effect on tree composition and traits of mound‐borne trees. Thus, Macrotermes mounds support distinct tree communities that are robust to exclusion of ungulates.