bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method based on passive diffusion that reduces the moisture content of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) honey
Authors: Baroyi Syahrul A. H. M. , Yusof Yus A. , Ghazali Hasanah M. , Chin Nyuk L. , Othman Siti H. , Chang Lee S. , Ghazali Nashratul S. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStingless bee honey from Heterotrigona itama exhibits a high moisture content (>27.0%) and therefore, is highly susceptible to undesirable microbial fermentation unless it is reduced to less than 20%. This study aims to reduce the moisture content of honey using a novel method based on passive diffusion and monitor the subsequent changes in several properties of honey. To achieve this, approximately 50 mL of freshly harvested honey samples was placed in clay pots (4 cm diameter × 6 cm height), covered with lids, and stored at temperatures of either 25 ± 1°C, 60% relative humidity (RH), or 35 ± 1°C, 25% RH. The results showed that the moisture content and Aw of honey after storage were significantly reduced (p ≤ .05) from 25.8 to 19.5% and from 0.79 to 0.70, respectively. A similar level of reduction was achieved at 25°C, although this process took 21 days and resulted in some losses of honey solids due to cross‐wall diffusion. The reduction in moisture content also resulted in a decrease in pH and free acidity of honey and an increase in viscosity. The data obtained in this study indicate the feasibility of using clay pots as an alternative method to reduce the moisture content in honey and protect it against fermentative deterioration.Practical ApplicationsStingless bee honey is highly popular in Malaysia and many other countries as it is high in carbohydrates and possesses many health benefits such as antioxidants and antimicrobial properties. However, the honey is susceptible to fermentation as its moisture content often exceeds the level required for microbial stability. Traditionally, the moisture content of stingless bee honey is reduced by drying the honey in shallow trays at elevated temperatures. However, this leads to contamination if the drying is performed under unhygienic conditions. Therefore, this study proposed the application of a passive diffusion method that serves as an effective alternative for moisture reduction in honey. It is anticipated that this method will not only reduce the moisture content but also retain most of its properties when the filtration process is performed under appropriate conditions.
Modeling the microbiological effect of essential peppermint oil‐supplemented chitosan film on Bonito fish (Sarda sarda) fillets and analysis via image processing methods
Authors: Kalkan Selin , Akben Selahaddin Batuhan , Çanga Demet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effect of chitosan films supplemented with essential peppermint oil on the microbiological properties of Bonito (Sarda sarda) fillets was investigated. Samples of fish fillets were divided into six groups. These are the only fillet (control group), chitosan film coated with fillets, and fillets coated with chitosan films containing essential peppermint oil of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%. Samples were stored at +4°C along 12 days and microbiological values were measured on 0, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th days. Microbial values measured are total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., lactic acid bacteria, and yeast–mold. The methods used for analysis are modeling the microbial values caused by the chitosan and essential peppermint oil and transforming the data predicted using model equations into images. According to the results of this analysis method, the shelf life was extended approximately 2 days using only chitosan film coating and it was extended approximately 6 days using chitosan film coating supplemented with essential peppermint oil between 1.75 and 2%. In addition, it has not been achieved to 7 log cfu/g, which is the limit of microbial spoilage on the 12th storage day, thanks to the essential peppermint oil‐added chitosan film coating.Practical ApplicationsThe shelf life of the Bonito fish stored in the refrigerator conditions (+4°C) can be increased up to 6 days using chitosan film supplemented with essential peppermint oil between 1.75 and 2%.
Acceptability, tolerability, and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with active ulcerative colitis (AT&S Study)
Authors: Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Mehta Varun , Gupta Yogesh Kumar , Narang Vikram , Kaur Kirandeep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) targets gut microbiome dysbiosis and is an emerging therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Although initial results with FMT in patients with active UC are encouraging, data regarding its acceptability, tolerability, and safety are scant.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with active UC (Mayo clinic score ≥ 4), who received multisession FMT (at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22) via colonoscopy between June 2016 and June 2018, was performed. Patient acceptability, tolerability, and immediate and long‐term safety of the therapy were assessed.ResultsOf the 129 patients with active UC who were offered FMT, 101 patients consented, giving acceptability of 78.3%. Fecal slurry retention time improved with each session (3.27 ± 1.06 h for the first session vs 5.12 ± 0.5 h for the seventh session). Abdominal discomfort, flatulence, abdominal distension, borborygmi, and low‐grade fever (30.8%, 15.9%, 9.8%, 7.9%, and 7.6%, respectively) were the most common post‐procedural short‐term adverse events. Long‐term adverse events included new‐onset urticaria (n = 2, 4.3%), arthritis/arthralgia (n = 3, 6.5%), depression (n = 1, 2.2%), partial sensorineural hearing loss (n = 1, 2.2%), and allergic bronchitis (n = 1, 2.2%). Thirteen (12.9%) patients dropped out because of adverse events.ConclusionFecal microbiota transplantation appears to be a safe and well‐tolerated procedure, with good acceptability in patients with active UC.
A tipping point for agricultural expansion? Technological changes and capital accumulation in Argentina's rural sector
Authors: Cáceres Daniel M. , Gras Carla 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrawing upon a case study located in central Argentina, we analyse in what ways technology is contributing to the accumulation of capital in a context where prevailing strategies resting on farm‐scale extension are no longer effective. We identify two major technological phases that go along with changes in actors' strategies aiming at re‐establishing expanded capital accumulation. These phases allow a better understanding of the mediating role of technology between capital accumulation and the appropriation of nature. In a context of increasing depletion of agro‐ecological conditions, the call for a new wave of innovations can be seen as an attempt to restore that mediating role. As we suggest, this entails broader changes in multiple levels.
Hospital nurses' professional accountability while using the National Early Warning Score: A qualitative study with a hermeneutic design
Authors: Jensen Jørghild Karlotte , Skår Randi , Tveit Bodil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo explore general hospital ward nurses' experiences with the National Early Warning Score and to determine its impacts on their professionalism.BackgroundThe National Early Warning Score has broad appeal; it is a patient safety initiative designed to ensure early identification of and response to deteriorating patients in hospitals. However, it is still unclear how the tool impacts nurses' professionalism.MethodsA qualitative study with a hermeneutic design was conducted in autumn 2017; the study consisted of semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with 14 hospital nurses. The data were analysed thematically to understand and interpret the nurses' experiences. Methods are reported using COREQ guidelines (see Appendix S1).ResultsThe study examined nurses' experience with the National Early Warning Score and its perceived impact on their professionalism. Four themes were identified: (a) the National Early Warning Score and clinical judgement in patient assessment, (b) responding to the National Early Warning Score standard, (c) involving the professional community and (d) adjusting the tool.ConclusionThe National Early Warning Score may impact nurses' professionalism in diverse ways. Nurses are aware of the importance of incorporating all of their professional competence, comprising clinical judgement, discretion and accountability, with the National Early Warning Score to accurately assess patients' conditions. Findings indicated that the National Early Warning Score was beneficial to nurses' professional practice; however, accountability to this standard alone does not ensure quality care and patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceA greater understanding of the role of nurses' professional accountability when using the National Early Warning Score is needed to improve practice and ensure patient safety.
Experiences of the older hospitalised person on nursing pain care: An ethnographic insight
Authors: Harmon Joanne , Summons Peter , Higgins Isabel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo present an ethnographic insight into the older hospitalised person (those aged over 65 years) perceptions and experiences of pain care provision by nurses in acute care.BackgroundPain care provision by nurses remains less than optimal for the older hospitalised person despite numerous evidence‐based guidelines. There is a paucity of research providing input from the experiences of the older hospitalised person in relation to their perspectives of pain care provision by nurses in acute care. Pain care research needs more involvement from those older persons with documented diagnoses of dementia, delirium or cognitive impairment, and intellectual disabilities and those in their end stage of palliation.DesignA focused ethnographic study. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used to report the findings of this study.MethodsA focused ethnographic study was conducted in 8 acute care units within 2 large tertiary referral hospitals on the east coast of Australia. Consisting of semi‐structured interviews (n = 12) of cognitively intact older persons (11 hr). Twenty‐three (23) semi‐structured interviews with nine (9) RN participants (12 hr and 38 min). Participant observation period totalled 1,041 hr.ResultsThe older persons’ experiences of receiving pain care were based on a formulaic assessment process focusing on intensity of pain and pain management options provided often lacked their input. The older persons often did not perceive their pain care provision as being of benefit to themselves. The nurses lacked insight and understanding on the nature of pain for the older person.ConclusionUnderstanding was gained into how the older persons’ pain care was hampered due to the lack of appropriate, and meaningful pain care provision and provides insight into why the older hospitalised person continues to experience a less than optimal experience.Relevance to clinical practiceOlder hospitalised persons can gain continuity of pain care when nurses negotiate with them to repattern or restructure their nursing routines for pain care provision. Older people need inclusion into pain care decisions. All vulnerable older persons require nurses to use an evidence‐based pain assessment tool.
Factors for self‐management activities among rural patients with chronic hepatitis B: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kong Ling‐Na , He Shan , Li Lin , Lei Qing‐Song , Wang Tian , Yao Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the self‐management activities among rural patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and the influence of psychosocial and demographic factors on their self‐management activities.BackgroundChronic hepatitis B is a serious public health concern. Rural patients may have limited access to healthcare services. Although self‐management is important for controlling chronic hepatitis B, few studies focus on the self‐management activities among rural patients with chronic hepatitis B. Understanding self‐management activities and related factors in this population are important to design and implement appropriate intervention strategies.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom June–December 2017, totally 236 rural patients with chronic hepatitis B were recruited from hepatology department in two hospitals in Chongqing, China. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, Chronic Hepatitis B Self‐Management Scale, Self‐Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease, and Social Support Rating Scale. The study followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsRural patients with chronic hepatitis B reported poor self‐management activities for the score indexes of symptom management (57.36%), lifestyle management (54.89%), psychosocial coping (54.84%) and disease information management (53.11%) were all below 60%. Self‐efficacy, objective support, subjective support, gender, education level and marital status showed significant effect on self‐management activities.ConclusionRural patients with chronic hepatitis B were found to perform insufficient self‐management activities. Self‐efficacy, social support, gender, education level and marital status were identified to influence their self‐management activities.Relevance to clinical practiceSelf‐management activities should be promoted among rural patients with chronic hepatitis B. The factors that were identified in this study should be addressed when developing interventions to promote the performance of self‐management activities for rural patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Myelin Water Fraction and Intra/Extracellular Water Geometric Mean T2Normative Atlases for the Cervical Spinal Cord from 3T MRI
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Ljungberg Emil , Dvorak Adam V. , Lee Lisa Eunyoung , Yik Jackie T. , MacMillan Erin L. , Barlow Laura , Li David K.B. , Traboulsee Anthony , Kolind Shannon H. , Kramer John L.K. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAcquiring and interpreting quantitative myelin‐specific MRI data at an individual level is challenging because of technical difficulties and natural myelin variation in the population. To overcome these challenges, we used multiecho T2myelin water imaging (MWI) to create T2metric healthy population atlases that depict the mean and variation of myelin water fraction (MWF), and intra‐ and extracellular water mobility as described by geometric mean T2(IEGMT2).METHODSCervical cord MWI was performed at 3T on 20 healthy individuals (10M/10F, mean age: 36 years) and 3 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participants (1M/2F, age: 39/42/37 years). Anatomical data were collected for the purpose of image segmentation and registration. Atlases were created by coregistering and averaging T2metrics from all controls. Voxel‐wisez‐score maps from 3 RRMS participants were produced to demonstrate the preliminary utility of the MWF and IEGMT2atlases.RESULTSThe average MWF atlas provides a representation of myelin in the spinal cord consistent with well‐known spinal cord anatomical characteristics. The IEGMT2atlas also depicted structural variations in the spinal cord.Z‐score analysis illustrated distinct abnormalities in MWF and IEGMT2in the 3 RRMS cases.CONCLUSIONSOur findings highlight the potential for using a quantitative T2relaxation metric atlas to visualize and detect pathology in spinal cord. Our MWF and IEGMT2atlases (URL:https://sourceforge.net/projects/mwi-spinal-cord-atlases/) can serve as normative references in the cervical spinal cord for other studies.
Melatonin receptor activation protects against low potassium‐induced ventricular fibrillation by preserving action potentials and connexin‐43 topology in isolated rat hearts
Authors: Prado Natalia Jorgelina , Egan Beňová Tamara , Diez Emiliano Raúl , Knezl Vladimír , Lipták Boris , Ponce Zumino Amira Zulma , Llamedo‐Soria Mariano , Szeiffová Bačová Barbara , Miatello Roberto Miguel , Tribulová Narcisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypokalemia prolongs the QRS and QT intervals, deteriorates intercellular coupling, and increases the risk for arrhythmia. Melatonin preserves gap junctions and shortens action potential as potential antiarrhythmic mechanisms, but its properties under hypokalemia remain unknown. We hypothesized that melatonin protects against low potassium‐induced arrhythmias through the activation of its receptors, resulting in action potential shortening and connexin‐43 preservation. After stabilization in Krebs‐Henseleit solution (4.5 mEq/L K+), isolated hearts from Wistar rats underwent perfusion with low‐potassium (1 mEq/L) solution and melatonin (100 μmol/L), a melatonin receptor blocker (luzindole, 5 μmol/L), melatonin + luzindole or vehicle. The primary endpoint of the study was the prevention of ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiography was used, and epicardial action potentials and heart function were measured and analyzed. The ventricular expression, dephosphorylation, and distribution of connexin‐43 were examined. Melatonin reduced the incidence of low potassium‐induced ventricular fibrillation from 100% to 59%, delayed the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and induced a faster recovery of sinus rhythm during potassium restitution. Melatonin prevented QRS widening, action potential activation delay, and the prolongation of action potential duration at 50% of repolarization. Other ECG and action potential parameters, the left ventricular developed pressure, and nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias did not differ among groups. Melatonin prevented connexin‐43 dephosphorylation and its abnormal topology (lateralization). Luzindole abrogated the protective effects of melatonin on electrophysiological properties and connexin‐43 misdistribution. Our results indicate that melatonin receptor activation protects against low potassium‐induced ventricular fibrillation, shortens action potential duration, preserves ventricular electrical activation, and prevents acute changes in connexin‐43 distribution. All of these properties make melatonin a remarkable antifibrillatory agent.
Factors that May Affect the Health of Siblings of Children Who Have an Intellectual/Developmental Disability
Authors: Marquis Sandra , Hayes Michael V. , McGrail Kimberlyn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are growing a number of children with an intellectual disability (ID). There is also evidence of poor health in the non‐disabled siblings of these children; indicating a possible need for policies and services to address a complex health issue. This article describes a narrative review of the literature regarding the mental and physical health of siblings of children who have an intellectual disability. The review examined 46 articles. Twenty‐one different factors were identified which may have an effect on the health of these siblings. Social determinants, individual variables, characteristics of the child with the disability, family characteristics, and support factors can all affect health. These variables are inter‐related and illustrate the need to account for complexity when studying the health of siblings of children who have an ID.
Comparison of signalment and computed tomography findings in French Bulldogs, Pugs, and English Bulldogs with and without clinical signs associated with thoracic hemivertebra
Authors: De Decker Steven , Packer Rowena M. A. , Cappello Rodolfo , Harcourt‐Brown Tom R. , Rohdin Cecilia , Gomes Sergio A. , Bergknut Niklas , Shaw Tom A. , Lowrie Mark , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough thoracic hemivertebra can cause neurological signs, they occur commonly in neurologically normal dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) findings and factors associated with signalment can be used to differentiate between dogs with and without neurological signs associated with hemivertebra.AnimalsOne hundred sixty dogs with ≥1 hemivertebrae were retrospectively studied. This group consisted of 40 dogs with clinical signs caused by hemivertebra and 40 French Bulldogs, 40 Pugs, and 40 English Bulldogs that underwent CT for reasons unrelated to neurological disease.MethodsAll dogs underwent CT and affected dogs also underwent magnetic resonance imaging. All CT studies were randomly evaluated by an observer blinded to signalment and clinical status. The following variables were evaluated: presence, number, location, and subtype of hemivertebra; presence of vertebral subluxation; severity of vertebral canal stenosis; presence, location, and severity of kyphosis, and number of vertebrae involved in the kyphotic segment. Statistical modeling was performed to identify factors associated with clinical status.ResultsPug breed (odds ration [OR], 10.8; P = .01), more severe kyphosis (OR, 1.1 per grade increase; P < .001), fewer instead of more observed hemivertebrae (OR, 0.8; P = 0.03), and ventrolateral hypoplasia hemivertebra subtype (OR, 4.0; P = .011) were associated with higher likelihood of neurological disease. A Cobb angle of 34.5 degrees corresponded with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between clinically affected and unaffected dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe variables identified could aid in differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant hemivertebra in small breed brachycephalic dogs.
Novel crosstalk between ethylene‐ and jasmonic acid‐pathway responses to a piercing–sucking insect in rice
Authors: Ma Feilong , Yang Xiaofang , Shi Zhenying , Miao Xuexia 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) play important roles in plant defenses against biotic stresses. Crosstalk between JA and ET has been well studied in mediating pathogen resistance, but its roles in piercing–sucking insect resistance are unclear.

The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is the most notorious piercing–sucking insect specific to rice (Oryza sativa) that severely affects yield. A genetic analysis revealed that OsEBF1 and OsEIL1, which are in the ET signaling pathway, positively and negatively regulated BPH resistance, respectively. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed direct interactions between OsEBF1 and OsEIL1. OsEBF1, an E3 ligase, mediated the degradation of OsEIL1 through the ubiquitination pathway, indicating the negative regulation of the ET‐signaling pathway in response to BPH infestation.

An RNA sequencing analysis revealed that a JA biosynthetic pathway‐related gene, OsLOX9, was downregulated significantly in the oseil1 mutant. Biochemical analyses, including yeast one‐hybrid, dual luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, confirmed the direct regulation of OsLOX9 by OsEIL1.

This study revealed the synergistic and negative regulation of JA and ET pathways in response to piercing–sucking insect attack. The synergistic mechanism was realized by transcriptional regulation of OsEIL1 on OsLOX9. OsEIL1‐OsLOX9 is a novel crosstalk site in these two phytohormone signaling pathways.