bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe3O4@GO on silica sand as an efficient and economical adsorbent; Typical application for removal of phenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol from water samples
Authors: Mehmanravesh Samira , Farhadi Khalil , Torabian Ali , Hessam Hassani Amir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this research, the layer‐by‐layer coating of silica sand surface with monolayer of graphene oxide (GO) immobilized on magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) sublayer was investigated as a novel, low‐cost, effective, and green nanocomposite material for adsorption of phenol and 2,4‐dichloro‐phenol (DCP). Several characterization techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of Fe3O4 MNPs@GO on silica. The efficiency of Fe3O4 MNPs@GO‐coated silica (SiO2) for the removal of the target phenolic compounds from water samples was evaluated. The maximum removal of phenol (52%) and DCP (73%) was observed using 1.0 g adsorbent, initial concentration of 12.5 mg/dm3 (for phenol) and 15 mg/dm3 (for DCP), sample volume of 10 ml (for phenol) and 15 ml (for DCP), contact time of 20 min (for phenol) and 10 min (for DCP), and pH = 5. The adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich as well as kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were also examined. Eventually, SiO2/Fe3O4MNPs@GO was regenerated five times for removal of examined contaminants and their removal efficiency from the water inlet of a water treatment plant was assessed.Practitioner points

Immobilizing monolayer of GO nanosheets on silica sands surface for the first time has been achieved.

GO monolayer anchors on silica sands through Fe3O4 nanoparticles as sublayer without using very expensive tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane agent.

Modified silica sands are introduced as a novel and economic pollutants adsorbent, which can be used in filter sands of water treatment industry.

The SiO2/Fe3O4 MNPs@GO significantly reduces the amount of phenol and 2,4‐dichloro‐phenol (DCP) as model organic pollutants from water samples.
Psychotherapie im Kontext von Differenz, (Macht‑)Ungleichheit und globaler Verantwortung
Authors: Lerch Leonore 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt eine Einführung in die Ansätze vondiversity&intersectionalityund beleuchtet diese unter einer interaktionstheoretischen sozialkonstruktivistischen Perspektive (doing difference, doing intersectionality). Intersektional orientierte Konzepte finden vor allem bei der Analyse von Ungleichheit und Diskriminierung Anwendung. Eine Grundlage für Diskriminierung bilden Prozesse desothering, die im Kontext von Machtdiskursen der Herstellung von Dominanz dienen. Wie das Modell desminority stressnachweist, führen fortdauernde Erfahrungen von Diskriminierung und struktureller Unterdrückung insbesondere für Angehörige von Minderheiten zu einer erhöhten Stressbelastung, die mit negativen Folgen für die psychische Gesundheit verbunden sind. In Summe können häufige Erfahrungen vonMikroaggressionenim Zusammenhang mit Diskriminierung zukumulativenbzw.sequentiellen Traumatisierungenführen. Abschließend bietet der Artikel Empfehlungen an die Psychotherapie zur Entwicklung einer differenz- und dominanzkritischen psychotherapeutischen Haltung und fordert unter Bezugnahme auf dieMenschenrechteeinen Perspektivenwechsel hin zu einerglobalen Verantwortung.
Gender differences in cortical morphological networks
Authors: Nebli Ahmed , Rekik Islem 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cortical morphological networks (CMN), where each network models the relationship in morphology between different cortical brain regions quantified using a specific measurement (e.g., cortical thickness), have not been investigated with respect to gender differences in the human brain. Cortical processes are expected to involve complex interactions between different brain regions, univariate methods thus might overlook informative gender markers. Hence, by leveraging machine learning techniques with the potential to highlight multivariate interacting effects, we found that the most discriminative CMN connections between males and females were derived from the left hemisphere using the mean sulcal depth as measurement. However, for both left and right hemispheres, the first most discriminative morphological connection revealed across all cortical attributes involved (entorhinal cortex ↔ caudal anterior cingulate cortex) and (entorhinal cortex ↔ transverse temporal cortex) respectively, which gives us new insights into behavioral gender differences from an omics perspective and might explain why males and females learn differently.
Characterization and identification of the most appropriate nonionic surfactant for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Sarmah Shilpi , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain , Xianfeng Fan , Baruah Annanya A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper focuses on the behaviour of nonionic surfactants (NISs) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes with special reference to its applicability in the reservoirs of Upper Assam. The present work specifically studies three NISs, viz. Tergitol 15-s-7(Tg7), Tergitol 15-s-9 (Tg9) and Triton X 405(TX), based on their surface tension (ST), dynamic interfacial tension, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, emulsion stability, aqueous stability, particle size analysis and phase behaviour. Simultaneously, crude oil from an oil field of upper Assam Basin was characterized based on API gravity, kinematic and dynamic viscosities, pour point and acid number. Core flood studies were conducted in the reservoir core to determine the recovery of crude oil during secondary water flood and EOR by NISs. It was observed that Tergitol 15-S-7 when mixed with Triton X-405 (Tg7TX) had the least interfacial tension (IFT) as compared to individual NIS and their mixtures. The recovery was found to be as high as 25.67% after secondary water flood from the original oil in place when Tg7TX followed by chase water was used as an exotic fluid for EOR. This work is an attempt to identify NISs mixtures for EOR for Upper Assam Basin.
Cyber victimization, cyber aggression, and adolescent alcohol use: Short‐term prospective and reciprocal associations⋆,⋆⋆
Authors: Chan Sherilynn F. , La Greca Annette M. , Peugh James L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionCyber victimization is a significant public health concern. We examined prospective and reciprocal associations between cyber victimization, cyber aggression, and adolescents’ drinking and binge drinking. Gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and age were examined as moderators.MethodsAdolescents (N = 1140; 58% girls; 13–19 years; 80% Hispanic) from two US high schools completed the Cyber Peer Experiences Questionnaire and alcohol use items from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey at two time points, three months apart. Perceived social support was assessed at Time 1 and controlled for. Cross‐lagged panel analyses using structural equation modeling were conducted, using zero‐inflated negative binomial regressions for alcohol use outcomes.ResultsAdolescents who experienced more cyber victimization were more likely to abstain from drinking over time; however, they reported more frequent drinking if they were a drinker, a relationship that was stronger for older adolescents. Cyber victimization was unrelated to binge drinking, and alcohol use was unrelated to cyber victimization over time. Adolescents who engaged in more cyber aggression were more likely to use alcohol over time; conversely, adolescents who used alcohol more frequently engaged in more cyber aggression over time. Gender and ethnicity did not moderate these associations.ConclusionsA complex relationship between cyber victimization and alcohol use emerged; findings support the self‐medication hypothesis among drinkers only and especially older adolescents. Reciprocal associations between cyber aggression and alcohol use fit with problem behavior theory Adolescent alcohol use prevention programs might play an important role in addressing cyber aggression. Drinking behaviors may be important to target in anti‐cyberbullying interventions.
Pseudophase change effects in turbulent channel flow under transcritical temperature conditions
Authors: Kim Kukjin , Hickey Jean-Pierre , Scalo Carlo 
Published: May 2019

We have performed direct numerical simulations of compressible turbulent channel flow using R-134a as a working fluid in transcritical temperature ranges ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T=5$, 10 and 20 K, where $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T$ is top-to-bottom temperature difference) at supercritical pressure. At these conditions, a pseudophase change occurs at various wall-normal locations within the turbulent channel from $y_{pb}/h=-0.23$ ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T=5$ K) to 0.89 ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T=20$ K), where $h$ is the channel half-height and $y=0$ the centreplane position. Increase in $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T$ also results in increasing wall-normal gradients in the semi-local friction Reynolds number. Classical, compressible scaling laws of the mean velocity profile are unable to fully collapse real fluid effects in this flow. The proximity to the pseudotransitioning layer inhibits turbulent velocity fluctuations, while locally enhancing the temperature and density fluctuation intensities. Probability distribution analysis reveals that the sheet of fluid undergoing pseudophase change is characterized by a dramatic reduction in the kurtosis of density fluctuations, hence becoming thinner as $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T$ is increased. Instantaneous visualizations show dense fluid ejections from the pseudoliquid viscous sublayer, some reaching the channel core, causing positive values of density skewness in the respective buffer layer region (vice versa for the top wall) and an impoverishment of the turbulent flow structure population near pseudotransitioning conditions.
Differentiating continental and oceanic arc systems and retro-arc basins in the Jiangnan orogenic belt, South China
Authors: Yao Jinlong , Shu Liangshu , Cawood Peter A. , Zhao Guochun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogenic belt records the accretion and collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in South China. The orogen is divisible into three units: a northeastern domain (also referred to as the Huaiyu or Shuangxiwu domain), a central domain (Jiuling domain) and an undifferentiated southwestern domain. Detrital zircons from the oldest sequences (Shuangqiaoshan, Lengjiaxi, Fanjingshan and Sibao groups) in the central and southwest domains yield similar age spectra with major age populations at c. 875–820 Ma, along with minor Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic and Archaean ages. The dominance of detrital ages close to the deposition ages of the units, along with juvenile zircon Hf isotopic compositions and arc-like whole-rock compositional data, indicate the sedimentary units accumulated adjacent to a convergent plate margin magmatic arc. The presence of Mesoproterozoic and older zircons, both as detritus in the units and as xenocrysts within igneous rocks displaying a subduction-related signature, along with the compositional data, place the magmatic arc along a continental margin. In the northeastern domain, the oldest coeval sequence (Shuangxiwu and Qigong groups) and arc igneous suites are dated at c. 970–850 Ma, and lack older detritus and xenocrysts, indicating they represent an accreted oceanic arc system.
Magmatic activity at the Silurian/Devonian boundary in the Brunovistulia and Małopolska Terranes (S Poland): possible link with the Rheic Ocean closure and the onset of the Rheno-Hercynian Basin
Authors: Nawrocki Jerzy , Pańczyk Magdalena , Szrek Piotr 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe age of granophyric diorite from the Sosnowiec IG-1 borehole (Brunovistulia Terrane) was studied by means of U–Pb single-grain zircon analysis performed on a SHRIMP (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe) IIe device. The isotope ages and provenance of zircons from the Emsian tuffs cropping out in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Małopolska Terrane) were also investigated using the same method. The age of the diorite intrusion (420 ± 2 Ma) is comparable with the combined Ar–Ar/magnetostratigraphic age of the Bardo diabase intrusion from the northern part of the Małopolska Terrane. These intrusions were emplaced during the same event of regional tectonic extension associated with the Rheic Ocean closure and the onset of processes creating the Rheno-Hecynian Basin near the Silurian/Devonian boundary. A negative Nb anomaly characteristic of both intrusions could be linked with the subduction of the Rheic oceanic crust under the SE margin of the Old Red Continent. Emsian magmatic activity in the distant Rheno-Hercynian Zone provided several tuff layers in the northern part of the Małopolska Terrane. As can be inferred from zircon ages, these tuffs were derived from mafic eruptions that cut sedimentary rocks containing detrital zircons transported from Baltica. This interpretation fits the existing models of development of the Rheno-Hercynian Basin in the Emsian.
Human Rights and Mental Disability: Perspectives on Israel
Authors: Herr Stanley S. 
Published: May 2019

The human rights of persons with mental disabilities represents a frontier area for legal protection. The content and means of enforcing their rights have become topics of both scholarly and popular concern. For two decades, the international community has grappled — somewhat fitfully — with the human rights norms that should guide nations in their care and treatment of these vulnerable groups. International concern has focused not only on problems of arbitrary detention and cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment, but on issues of institutionalization, sterilization, and a broad array of education, treatment and welfare services.In many countries, obsolete legislation and service delivery models have hindered the realization of both negative and affirmative (“positive resource claims”) human rights.
Security Council Resolution 242 at Twenty Five
Authors: Lapidoth Ruth 
Published: May 2019

There is hardly any United Nations resolution which is quoted and referred to as often as 242. It has become the cornerstone for all stages in the settlement of the Arab-Israel conflict, as, for example, the Camp David Frameworks (1978) and the Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel (1979). In addition, it has been referred to by the conveners of the Madrid Conference (1991) as the basis for the negotiations which were started at that Conference and are going on as this article is being written.According to the letter of invitation to the Madrid Conference, the parties are invited to achieve peace through direct negotiations along two tracks, between Israel and the Arab States, and between Israel and the Palestinians. The latter are to be part of a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation. With respect to the negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians, they are to be conducted in phases, beginning with talks on interim self-government arrangements which should last five years.
The effect of intratympanic oxytocin treatment on rats exposed to acoustic trauma
Authors: Akin Ocal F C , Kesici G G , Gurgen S G , Ocal R , Erbek S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether oxytocin can prevent ototoxicity related to acoustic trauma.MethodsTwenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: noise (group 1), control (group 2), noise plus oxytocin (group 3), and oxytocin (group 4). Intratympanic oxytocin was administered on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 in groups 3 and 4. Groups 1 and 3 were exposed to acoustic trauma. Distortion product otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response testing were performed in all groups.ResultsIn group 1, auditory brainstem response thresholds increased significantly after acoustic trauma. In group 3, auditory brainstem response thresholds increased significantly on day 1 after acoustic trauma, but there were no significant differences between thresholds at baseline and on the 7th and 21st days. In group 1, significant differences were observed between distortion product otoacoustic emission signal-to-noise ratios measured before and on days 1, 7 and 21 after acoustic trauma. In group 3, no significant differences were observed between the distortion product otoacoustic emission signal-to-noise ratios measured before and on days 7 and 21 after acoustic trauma.ConclusionOxytocin had a therapeutic effect on rats exposed to acoustic trauma in this experiment.
MAGISTRATURA E POLITICA: IL CASO ITALIANO
Authors: Guarnieri Carlo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNel periodo repubblicano, l'assetto istituzionale della magistratura italiana è stato radicalmente trasformato con l'obiettivo, almeno in apparenza, di salvaguardarne il piò possibile l'indipendenza. In realtà, la posizione assunta oggi dalla magistratura nel nostro sistema politico sembra per molti versi peculiare. Per valutare correttamente grado e implicazioni di questa peculiarità è però necessario partire da una considerazione del ruolo della magistratura nei regimi democratici e comparare l'attuale assetto della magistratura italiana con quello delle magistrature operanti in regimi simili.
RIFORME CONTRO I PARTITI? UN COMMENTO
Authors: Panebianco Angelo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl testo di Sartori serve bene, mi sembra, agli scopi che l'autore si è prefìsso. Offre sia agli studiosi che ai “pratici”, coloro che si affannano intorno al problema delle riforme istituzionali in Italia, una guida orientativa solidamente costruita e, inoltre, contrasta efficacemente il fiume di parole in libertà, le tante affermazioni infondate su questi temi, che affiggono tradizionalmente il dibattito italiano. Non potendo toccare, in questo breve commento a margine, tutti gli argomenti trattati da Sartori mi concentrerò su pochi aspetti: affronterò, in primo luogo, il problema degli obiettivi della eventuale riforma (che cosa ci si propone?); tratterò, in secondo luogo, il tema della riforma elettorale che, come dice Sartori, è comunque prioritario rispetto al resto; da ultimo, illustrerò il mio punto di dissenso — unico, in realtà, ma forse piuttosto importante per le conseguenze pratiche che porta con sé — dall'impostazione di Sartori.
AUSTERITÀ CONSERVATRICE E RIGORE SOCIALISTA: CHE DIFFERENZA? II
Authors: Pappalardo Adriano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneDurante gli anni ottanta, le politiche economiche di «rigore» dei socialisti francesi e spagnoli sono state ripetutamente discusse da un'abbondante letteratura. Mettendo queste politiche a confronto con l'«austerità» dei governi conservatori inglese e tedesco (Pappalardo 1991), ho recentemente cercato di dimostrare che il Ps e il Psoe hanno conseguito successi analoghi o, talvolta, maggiori nel controllo dell'offerta di moneta, nella compressione delle spese pubbliche, incluse quelle sociali, nel riequilibrio dei deficit correnti e dell'indebitamento e nella ristrutturazione dell'economia. Così facendo, essi si sono allineati alle priorità antinflazionistiche del thatcherismo e del kohlismo e, grazie all'aggiunta di politiche dei redditi e fiscali comparativamente molto severe, hanno finito col pagarle a un prezzo piò alto in termini di sacrifici dei lavoratori e di disoccupazione di massa.
DAL COMUNISMO ALLA DEMOCRAZIA IN EUROPA CENTRALE: UNGHERIA E CECOSLOVACCHIA
Authors: di Cortona Pietro Grilli 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa transizione dal comunismo alla democrazia è un processo che non ha precedenti storici e sul quale, dopo gli avvenimenti che nel 1989 hanno trasformato la fisionomia politica dell'Europa, convergono due tipi di interessi. Chi in passato si è dedicato allo studio dei regimi comunisti, individuandone i primi elementi di crisi e di instabilità già negli anni cinquanta, oggi è interessato a vedere le modalità con cui i singoli paesi escono dal comunismo, il peso che il vecchio regime avrà sulla nuova fase democratica, le differenze negli esiti della transizione. Chi, invece, ha studiato il fenomeno della transizione democratica, così come si è presentato in molti paesi occidentali dalla seconda guerra mondiale a oggi, vorrà soprattutto confrontare modelli e teorie fin qui elaborate con i nuovi sviluppi est europei, nonché valutare le specificità di questi ultimi.
The contribution from conventional plant breeding
Authors: Innes N. L. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisAccurate quantitative assessment of the benefits accruing from the genetic improvement of crops is difficult. Crop yield increases are achieved through the introduction of new, improved varieties, through improvements in cultural practices and as a consequence of interactions that occur between new varieties, cultural practices and environmental conditions. Part of the yield increases from new varieties is as a consequence of genetic plant resistance to pests and diseases. Plant breeding, which is dependent on there being available a wide relevant genetic base for each crop, has also provided considerable improvements in quality, as well as improving adaptability to a wider range of environments.In the developed world estimated annual yield increases from the genetic improvement of crops, especially cereals, are of the order of 1–2%. Examples are given from a number of crops of hybrid varieties, of varieties with improved quality and of varieties that are genetically resistant to pests and diseases to illustrate that conventional plant breeding, allied to multi-disciplinary, strategic research, has been very effective, both economically and in protecting the environment.
Plant biotechnology: aspects of its application in industry
Authors: Miflin B. J. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisPlant biotechnology can serve industrial concerns in two ways; it can lead to new products and to new ways of producing an existing product (i.e. ‘processes’). The technology can be used in any business involved in using or selling plant products. In the agricultural input business molecular genetics is having most effect on the introduction of new variation into crop plants. The first products are likely to involve the introduction of insect and disease resistance and herbicide tolerance; some genes transferred will change product quality. Future applications will involve the control of more complex traits. Biotechnology will also enhance plant breeding via improved technologies (e.g. RFLPs and tissue culture); also the production of hybrids is likely to be enhanced and extended. Early products will also include the production of rDNA microbial products for control of pests and diseases.Of considerable concern to businesses is whether or not they can make sufficient financial return on plant biotechnology. The reasons behind this concern are the time it takes to introduce a product to the market; the expenditure on meeting regulatory requirements; the overall level of public acceptance of the products and the level of return from the farmer. To ensure a fair return on investment there also needs to be a secure structure of intellectual property protection (patents, plant breeders rights, etc.). Continued success in the application of plant science to agricultural improvement depends on a proper economic environment as well as the advancement of the science.
The potential of immortalised mammalian cells for the advancement of drug discovery
Authors: MacDonald Caroline 
Published: May 2019

Synopsis:Oncogenes can be introduced into cells which have a limited lifespan, and immortalised cell lines isolated as a result. These cell lines often retain the differentiated, tissue-specific characteristics found in the original cells and, as such, provide an important model for pharmacological studies. The techniques used to develop cell lines from rabbit kidney, mouse macrophages and rat liver are described. A preliminary characterisation of all three types of cells has been carried out, and in each case the immortalised lines described have many of the properties of the original tissue type.