bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macromorphoscopic databank
Authors: Hefner Joseph T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of identification standards in forensic anthropology requires large and appropriate reference samples comprising individuals with modern birth years. Recent advances in macromorphoscopic trait data collection and analysis have created a need for reference data for classification models and biological distance analyses. The Macromorphoscopic Databank (N ∼ 7,397) serves that function, making publicly available trait scores for a large sample (n = 2,363) of modern American populations and world‐wide groups of various geographic origins (n = 1,790). In addition, the MaMD stores reference data for a large sample (n = 3,244) of pre‐, proto‐ and historic Amerindian data, useful for biodistance studies and finer‐levels of analysis during NAGPRA‐related investigations and repatriations. In developing this database, particular attention was given to the level of classification needed during the estimation of ancestry in a forensic context. To fill the knowledge gap that currently exists in the analysis of these data, the following overview outlines many of the issues and their potential solutions. Developing valuable tools that are useful to other practitioners is the purpose of growing a databank. As the Macromorphoscopic Databank develops through data collection efforts and contributions from the field, its utility as a research and teaching tool will also mature, in turn creating a vital resource for forensic anthropologists for future generations.
Rhenium(I)‐Catalyzed ortho‐C−H Addition to Bicyclic Alkenes
Authors: Prakash Sekar , Chang Yu‐Che , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydroarylation of bicyclic alkenes has been developed using a low‐valent ReI‐catalyzed, directing group‐assisted C−H bond activation strategy. The addition of sodium acetate significantly improves the reaction efficiency; moreover, bicyclic alkenes such as 7‐oxa and aza benzonorbornadienes worked efficiently under this reaction condition. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that, after the alkene insertion, the rhenacycle preferentially undergoes protonolysis rather than reductive elimination.
Implicit learning seems to come naturally for children with autism, but not for children with specific language impairment: Evidence from behavioral and ERP data
Authors: Zwart Fenny S. , Vissers Constance Th.W.M. , Kessels Roy P.C. , Maes Joseph H.R. 
Published: April 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are two neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication skills. These skills are thought to develop largely through implicit—or automatic—learning mechanisms. The aim of the current paper was to investigate the role of implicit learning abilities in the atypical development of communication skills in ASD and SLI. In the current study, we investigated Response Times (RTs) and Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during implicit learning on a Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task in a group of typically developing (TD) children (n = 17), a group of autistic children (n = 16), and a group of children with SLI (n = 13). Findings suggest that learning in both ASD and SLI are similar to that in TD. However, electrophysiological findings suggest that autistic children seem to rely mainly on more automatic processes (as reflected by an N2b component), whereas the children with SLI seem to rely on more controlled processes (as reflected by a P3 component). The TD children appear to use a combination of both learning mechanisms. These findings suggest that clinical interventions should aim at compensating for an implicit learning deficit in children with SLI, but not in children with ASD. Future research should focus on developmental differences in implicit learning and related neural correlates in TD, ASD, and SLI. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1050–1061. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutism and Specific Language Impairment (SLI) are two disorders characterized by problems in social communication and language. Social communication and language are believed to be learned in an automatic way. This is called “implicit learning.” We have found that implicit learning is intact in autism. However, in SLI there seems different brain activity during implicit learning. Maybe children with SLI learn differently, and maybe this different learning makes it more difficult for them to learn language.
Cntn6 deficiency impairs allocentric navigation in mice
Authors: Mu Di , Xu Yiliang , Zhao Tian , Watanabe Kazutada , Xiao Zhi‐Cheng , Ye Haihong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionCNTN6 is an immunoglobulin domain‐containing cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the contactin family. It is involved in the development of the nervous system. We aim to determine the effect of Cntn6 deficiency on the allocentric navigation in mice.MethodsWe recorded the travel distance and escape time of wild‐type and Cntn6 mutant male and female mice in the Morris water maze task according to the protocol.ResultsThere was hardly any Cntn6 expression in the hippocampus of postnatal day 0 (P0) mice, while obvious Cntn6 expression was present in the hippocampal CA1 region of the P7 mice. During the acquisition period of Morris water maze task (Day 1 to 4), Cntn6−/− male mice failed to shorten the escape time to reach platform on the third day, while the travel distance to platform was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in both escape time and travel distance to the platform among all female subjects. In the probe trial test (Day 5), spatial memory of the female mutant mice was mildly affected, while Cntn6−/− male mice were normal. In the spatial relearning test (Day 7 to 10), Cntn6−/− male mice showed no difference in escape time to the platform compared to the wild‐type male mice, while Cntn6 deficient female mice required shorter escape time to travel to the platform on day 7, day 8, and day 10.ConclusionsCntn6 is expressed in the developing hippocampus in mice. Cntn6 deficiency affects spatial learning and memory, indicating that Cntn6 plays a role in the development of hippocampus and affects allocentric navigation of the animals.
Medication state at the time of the offense: Medication noncompliance, insight and criminal responsibility
Authors: Parrott Caroline Titcomb , Jones Michelle A. , Brodsky Stanley L. , Shealy Clayton 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study used a mixed quantitative‐qualitative methodology to examine whether mock jurors considered a defendant's meta‐responsibility – specifically, the defendant's medication noncompliance and degree of insight into his/her schizophrenia – when determining the person's criminal responsibility. The degree of expert witness explanation regarding these factors was also varied. Participants (n = 173) were grouped into 30 juries, randomized across five conditions, and shown mock testimony and attorney arguments based on a real not guilty by reason of insanity court case. Linear mixed‐modeling analysis showed that manipulations of medication compliance, insight, and expert testimony elaboration did not predict differential verdict and meta‐responsibility outcomes. Nevertheless, qualitative exploration of focus groups from five juries (n = 29) indicated that participants across groups strongly considered meta‐responsibility, but did so in a way that, along with a host of other considerations, suggested mock jurors were unable and/or unwilling to follow their duties as the triers of fact. Implications for legal participants, expert witnesses, and researchers are discussed.
Dyshidrosiform palmoplantar pemphigoid with low‐titer autoantibodies against BP180 NC16A
Authors: Nakazawa Shinsuke , Izumi Kentaro , Nishie Wataru , Shimizu Hiroshi , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDyshidrosiform pemphigoid (DP) is a variant of bullous pemphigoid, presenting with a bullous or vesicular eruption localized on the soles and palms, and thus, DP has clinical resemblance with dyshidrosiform dermatitis. Here, we report a case of DP with literature review, focusing on the titer of antibodies directing the NC16A domain and other regions on BP180. Our case had a low titer of anti‐BP180 NC16A antibodies, and our survey of literature disclosed that 10 of 20 cases of DP had low titers (index: <150, or <87.5 U/mL) of anti‐BP180 NC16A antibodies. It is an issue whether DP is caused merely by a low titer of anti‐BP180 NC16A antibodies or by BP‐autoantibodies targeting other regions of BP180. We therefore examined our case with full‐length BP180 ELISA and found the absence of such antibodies. Our study suggests that DP is associated with low‐titer anti‐NC16A antibodies but not with the presence of antibodies against other parts of BP180.
History of the Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Katayama Ichiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHistorical trends of Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis (JSDCD) are summarized since the establishment of these two societyes. On December 8, 2017, the Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis (JSDCD) and the Skin Vessels/Connective Tissue Diseases Study Group were integrated as the Japanese Society for Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy (JSCIA). As the newly organized JSCIA is in charge of the important task of providing education for the above‐mentioned dermatologists.
Sub‐topographic maps for regionally enhanced analysis of visual space in the mouse retina
Authors: El‐Danaf Rana N. , Huberman Andrew D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn many species, neurons are unevenly distributed across the retina, leading to nonuniform analysis of specific visual features at certain locations in visual space. In recent years, the mouse has emerged as a premiere model for probing visual system function, development, and disease. Thus, achieving a detailed understanding of mouse visual circuit architecture is of paramount importance. The general belief is that mice possess a relatively even topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)—the output neurons of the eye. However, mouse RGCs include ∼30 subtypes; each responds best to a specific feature in the visual scene and conveys that information to central targets. Given the crucial role of RGCs and the prominence of the mouse as a model, we asked how different RGC subtypes are distributed across the retina. We targeted and filled individual fluorescently tagged RGC subtypes from across the retinal surface and evaluated the dendritic arbor extent and soma size of each cell according to its specific retinotopic position. Three prominent RGC subtypes: On‐Off direction selective RGCs, object‐motion‐sensitive RGCs, and a specialized subclass of nonimage‐forming RGCs each had marked topographic variations in their dendritic arbor sizes. Moreover, the pattern of variation was distinct for each RGC subtype. Thus, there is increasing evidence that the mouse retina encodes visual space in a region‐specific manner. As a consequence, some visual features are sampled far more densely at certain retinal locations than others. These findings have implications for central visual processing, perception, and behavior in this prominent model species.
Bioequivalence of Canakinumab Injected Subcutaneously via an Autoinjector Device or a Prefilled Safety Syringe Device in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Anumolu SivaNaga S. , Lindgren Sam , Vemula Janardhana , Floch David , Reynolds Christine , Wallny Hans‐Joachim , Sun Haiying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCanakinumab, a high‐affinity human anti‐interleukin‐1β monoclonal antibody, is being used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. This phase 1 study compared the relative bioavailability of a single dose of subcutaneous canakinumab either self‐administered with an autoinjector (AI) or administered by a health care professional (HCP) with a prefilled safety syringe (SS) in healthy subjects. The study enrolled 80 subjects randomized 1:1 to receive 150 mg/mL of a liquid formulation of canakinumab via an AI or SS into either the thigh or abdomen. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval [CI]) of Cmax was 1.09 (0.97‐1.21), AUClast was 1.06 (0.96‐1.17), and AUCinf was 1.05 (0.94‐1.18) for the AI versus SS. The 2‐sided 90%CIs that compared self‐administration with the AI versus administration by an HCP using the SS were entirely within the bioequivalence limits of 80%‐125%. Two subjects in the AI group and 1 in the SS group experienced mild injection‐site reactions. No immunogenicity response was detected in the 307 samples analyzed for immunogenicity. No discontinuations because of adverse events were reported in this trial. Canakinumab administration with an AI or SS has a comparable bioavailability, meeting bioequivalence criteria.
Effects of Inhibitors on Hsp90′s Conformational Dynamics, Cochaperone and Client Interactions
Authors: Schmid Sonja , Götz Markus , Hugel Thorsten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe molecular chaperone and heat‐shock protein Hsp90 has become a central target in anti‐cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the effect of Hsp90 inhibition is still not understood at the molecular level, preventing a truly rational drug design. Here we report on the effect of the most prominent drug candidates, namely, radicicol, geldanamycin, derivatives of purine, and novobiocin, on Hsp90′s characteristic conformational dynamics and the binding of three interaction partners. Unexpectedly, the global opening and closing transitions are hardly affected by Hsp90 inhibitors. Moreover, we find no significant changes in the binding of the cochaperones Aha1 and p23 nor of the model substrate Δ131Δ. This holds true for competitive and allosteric inhibitors. Therefore, direct inhibition mechanisms affecting only one molecular interaction are unlikely. We suggest that the inhibitory action observed in vivo is caused by a combination of subtle effects, which can be used in the search for novel Hsp90 inhibition mechanisms.
Early life conditions that impact song learning in male zebra finches also impact neural and behavioral responses to song in females
Authors: Sewall Kendra B. , Anderson Rindy C. , Soha Jill A. , Peters Susan , Nowicki Stephen 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTEarly life stressors can impair song in songbirds by negatively impacting brain development and subsequent learning. Even in species in which only males sing, early life stressors might also impact female behavior and its underlying neural mechanisms, but fewer studies have examined this possibility. We manipulated brood size in zebra finches to simultaneously examine the effects of developmental stress on male song learning and female behavioral and neural response to song. Although adult male HVC volume was unaffected, we found that males from larger broods imitated tutor song less accurately. In females, early condition did not affect the direction of song preference: all females preferred tutor song over unfamiliar song in an operant test. However, treatment did affect the magnitude of behavioral response to song: females from larger broods responded less during song preference trials. This difference in activity level did not reflect boldness per se, as a separate measure of this trait did not differ with brood size. Additionally, in females we found a treatment effect on expression of the immediate early gene ZENK in response to tutor song in brain regions involved in song perception (dNCM) and social motivation (LSc.vl, BSTm, TnA), but not in a region implicated in song memory (CMM). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that developmental stressors that impair song learning in male zebra finches also influence perceptual and/or motivational processes in females. However, our results suggest that the learning of tutor song by females is robust to disturbance by developmental stress. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
Mixed phylogenetic signal in fish toxicity data across chemical classes
Authors: Hylton Andrew , Chiari Ylenia , Capellini Isabella , Barron Mace G. , Glaberman Scott 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemical use in society is growing rapidly and is one of the five major pressures on biodiversity worldwide. Since empirical toxicity studies of pollutants generally focus on a handful of model organisms, reliable approaches are needed to assess sensitivity to chemicals across the wide variety of species in the environment. Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) offer a promising approach for toxicity extrapolation incorporating known evolutionary relationships among species. If phylogenetic signal in toxicity data is high, i.e., closely related species are more similarly sensitive as compared to distantly related species,PCMcould ultimately help predict species sensitivity when toxicity data are lacking. Here, we present the largest ever test of phylogenetic signal in toxicity data by combining phylogenetic data from fish with acute mortality data for 42 chemicals spanning 10 different chemical classes. Phylogenetic signal is high for some chemicals, particularly organophosphate pesticides, but not necessarily for many chemicals in other classes (e.g., metals, organochlorines). These results demonstrate thatPCMmay be useful for toxicity extrapolation in untested species for those chemicals with clear phylogenetic signal. This study provides a framework for usingPCMto understand the patterns and causes of variation in species sensitivity to pollutants.
Immunological larval polyphenism in the map butterfly Araschnia levana reveals the photoperiodic modulation of immunity
Authors: Baudach Arne , Lee Kwang‐Zin , Vogel Heiko , Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe bivoltine European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) displays seasonal polyphenism characterized by the formation of two remarkably distinct dorsal wing phenotypes: The spring generation (A. levana levana) is predominantly orange with black spots and develops from diapause pupae, whereas the summer generation (A. levana prorsa) has black, white, and orange bands and develops from subitaneous pupae. The choice between spring or summer imagoes is regulated by the photoperiod during larval and prepupal development, but polyphenism in the larvae has not been investigated before. Recently, it has been found that the prepupae of A. levana display differences in immunity‐related gene expression, so we tested whether larvae destined to become spring (short‐day) or summer (long‐day) morphs also display differences in innate immunity. We measured larval survival following the injection of a bacterial entomopathogen (Pseudomonas entomophila), the antimicrobial activity in their hemolymph and the induced expression of selected genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Larvae of the short‐day generation died significantly later, exhibited higher antibacterial activity in the hemolymph, and displayed higher induced expression levels of AMPs than those of the long‐day generation. Our study expands the seasonal polyphenism of A. levana beyond the morphologically distinct spring and summer imagoes to include immunological larval polyphenism that reveals the photoperiodic modulation of immunity. This may reflect life‐history traits that manifest as trade‐offs between immunity and fecundity.
Expression and characterization of αvβ5 integrin on intestinal macrophages
Authors: Kumawat Ashok K. , Yu Chen , Mann Elizabeth A. , Schridde Anika , Finnemann Silvia C. , Mowat Allan McI 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMacrophages play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the intestine, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated fully. Here, we show for the first time that mature intestinal macrophages in mouse intestine express high levels of αvβ5 integrin, which acts as a receptor for the uptake of apoptotic cells and can activate molecules involved in several aspects of tissue homeostasis such as angiogenesis and remodeling of the ECM. αvβ5 is not expressed by other immune cells in the intestine, is already present on intestinal macrophages soon after birth, and its expression is not dependent on the microbiota. In adults, αvβ5 is induced during the differentiation of monocytes in response to the local environment and it confers intestinal macrophages with the ability to promote engulfment of apoptotic cells via engagement of the bridging molecule milk fat globule EGF‐like molecule 8. In the absence of αvβ5, there are fewer monocytes in the mucosa and mature intestinal macrophages have decreased expression of metalloproteases and IL 10. Mice lacking αvβ5 on haematopoietic cells show increased susceptibility to chemical colitis and we conclude that αvβ5 contributes to the tissue repair by regulating the homeostatic properties of intestinal macrophages.
Engulfment of Hb‐activated platelets differentiates monocytes into pro‐inflammatory macrophages in PNH patients
Authors: Singhal Rashi , Chawla Sheetal , Batra Harish , Gupta Sameer , Ojha Amrita , Rathore Deepak K. , Seth Tulika , Guchhait Prasenjit 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe distinct response shown by different phenotypes of macrophages and monocytes under various clinical conditions has put the heterogeneity of these cells into focus of investigation for several diseases. Recently, we have described that after engulfing hemoglobin (Hb)‐activated platelets, classical monocytes differentiated into pro‐inflammatory phenotypes, which were abundant in the circulation of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and sickle cell disease patients. Our current study shows that upon engulfment of Hb‐activated platelets, monocytes differentiate into M1‐macrophages under M1‐polarization stimulus (GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ + LPS). When grown under M2‐polarization stimulus (M‐CSF, IL‐4 + IL13), the cells exhibited an M1‐like phenotype, secreted elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α and IL‐1β, and displayed loss of the secretion of cytokine such as IL‐10 and also phagocytic ability unlike the conventional M2 macrophages. Interestingly, when differentiated under the above polarization stimulus, monocytes from PNH patients expressed high levels of CD80 and phospho‐STAT1, like M1 macrophages. Hemolytic mice also exhibited a gradual increase in monocyte–platelet aggregates in circulation and accumulation of CD80high macrophages in thioglycollate‐induced inflamed peritoneum. The spleen of the mice was also populated by CD80high macrophages with compromised phagocytic capacity. Our findings suggest that the hemolytic environment and specifically the Hb‐activated platelets, which are abundant in circulation during intravascular hemolysis, closely regulate monocyte differentiation.
Operating Cost and Treatment of Boron from Aqueous Solutions by Electrocoagulation in Low Concentration
Authors: Deniz Fatma , Akarsu Ceyhun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine the optimum parameters of electrocoagulation process in treatment of boron in low concentrations. Especially, studies on electrode optimization in low boron concentrated waters are insufficient. Therefore, the effect of electrode combination (Al–Al, Al–Fe, Al–SS, Fe–Al, Fe–Fe, and Fe–SS), pH (5–9), current density (8–24 mA cm−2), distance (1–3 cm), and electrolysis time (10–90 min) on treatment of boron containing wastewater is studied to obtain maximum removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency of boron is obtained as 95.6%. Operation conditions for maximum removal are the electrode combination of Fe–Al, current density of 16 mA cm−2, pH 7.0, concentration of 30 mg L−1 and the reaction time of 70 min. Operating cost of the electrocoagulation process is calculated as 2.35 $ m−3. This study indicates that the electrocoagulation process can be successfully applied in order to treat boron‐polluted wastewaters at low initial concentrations.