bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The added value of screening fetal echocardiography after normal cardiac views on a detailed ultrasound
Authors: Cawyer Chase R. , Kuper Spencer G. , Ausbeck Elizabeth , Sinkey Rachel G. , Owen John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate fetal echocardiography's ability to detect critical (lesions requiring immediate neonatal intensive care) congenital heart disease (CHD) after normal anatomic cardiac views on detailed ultrasound.MethodsSingletons with both a detailed ultrasound at 18 + 0 to 22 + 6 weeks and echocardiogram performed at least 14 days later and at 20 + 0 to 24 + 6 weeks. Cases with cardiac pathology on detailed ultrasound were excluded. Different combinations of cardiac views were described: Basic (four‐chamber, outflow tracts), Expanded (plus three‐vessel view), and Complete (plus ductal/aortic arches). “Normal” was defined on either 2D gray scale or color Doppler. Primary outcome was rates of critical CHD missed on ultrasound but seen on fetal echocardiogram.ResultsOne thousand two hundred twenty‐three women had normal Basic cardiac views. One thousand one hundred ninety (97.3%) were confirmed normal on echocardiogram. Twenty‐one (1.71%) total CHDs were missed, and three were critical (0.25%; 95% CI, 0.03%‐0.53%). Of the 1,223 women, 763 had Complete views. Ten (1.31%) total CHDs were missed and one (0.13%; 95% CI, 0.13%‐0.36%) was confirmed critical.ConclusionFetal echocardiography can increase CHD detection despite normal cardiac anatomy on detailed ultrasound; however, CHDs missed are rarely critical. Approximately 750 fetal echocardiograms need to be performed to detect one critical CHD with Complete normal cardiac views on detailed ultrasound.
The chloroplast and mitochondrial C‐to‐U RNA editing in Arabidopsis thaliana shows signals of adaptation
Authors: Chu Duan , Wei Lai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractC‐to‐U RNA editing is the conversion from cytidine to uridine at RNA level. In plants, the genes undergo C‐to‐U RNA modification are mainly chloroplast and mitochondrial genes. Case studies have identified the roles of C‐to‐U editing in various biological processes, but the functional consequence of the majority of C‐to‐U editing events is still undiscovered. We retrieved the deep sequenced transcriptome data in roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana and profiled their C‐to‐U RNA editomes and gene expression patterns. We investigated the editing level and conservation pattern of these C‐to‐U editing sites. The levels of nonsynonymous C‐to‐U editing events are higher than levels of synonymous events. The fraction of nonsynonymous editing sites is higher than neutral expectation. Highly edited cytidines are more conserved at DNA level, and the gene expression levels are correlated with C‐to‐U editing levels. Our results demonstrate that the global C‐to‐U editome is shaped by natural selection and that many nonsynonymous C‐to‐U editing events are adaptive. The editing mechanism might be positively selected and maintained and could have profound effects on the modified RNAs.
Synthesis and characterizations of bis(phenoxy)‐amine tin(II) complexes for ring‐opening polymerization of lactide
Authors: Praban Siriwan , Yimthachote Supajittra , Kiriratnikom Jiraya , Chotchatchawankul Sucheewin , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol , Phomphrai Khamphee 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA series of tin(II) complexes supported by N2O2 bis(phenol)‐amine ligands were prepared from the reactions of the corresponding ligands with Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 in benzene at room temperature. The ligands were designed to have different substituted group at the ortho‐position on the aryl rings (R =
tBu, CH3) and N‐containing side arm (E = CH2NEt2 and pyridine) giving a variation of tin(II) complexes (R =
tBu, E = CH2NEt2, 2a; R =
tBu, E = py, 2b; R = CH3, E = CH2NEt2, 2c; R = CH3, E = py, 2d). All complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that all complexes have a monomeric four‐coordinate tin center with a distorted seesaw structure. All complexes are active for solvent‐free polymerization of l‐lactide at 120 °C giving poly(l‐lactide) with narrow to moderate dispersity (Ð = 1.12–1.56). In the presence of benzyl alcohol during the polymerization, the resulting polymer was found to be linear having benzyl alcohol as the end group while, in the absence of benzyl alcohol, the polymer was cyclic. The large
tBu group at the ortho‐position was found to decrease polymerization activity while the more basic CH2NEt2 group was found to increase the polymerization activity. The polymerization of rac‐lactide under a similar condition gave PLA having a slight heterotactic bias for all catalysts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2104–2112
Extended evaluation of Bt protein cross‐pollination in seed blend plantings on survival, growth, and development of Helicoverpa zea feeding on refuge ears
Authors: Yang Fei , Kerns David L , Head Graham P , Price Paula A , Levy Ronnie , Niu Ying , Huang Fangneng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA seed blend, also called refuge in a bag (RIB), is used as a strategy to provide refuge for planting pyramided Bt corn in the U.S. Corn Belt. A major concern for the RIB strategy is cross‐pollination between Bt and refuge plants, which may reduce susceptible populations of ear‐feeding insects like Helicoverpa zea and affect the evolution of resistance. Previous studies showed a 5:95% (Non‐Bt: Bt) RIB would be unlikely to provide sufficient refuge populations of H. zea for resistance management. In this study, we extended our research and conducted multiple trials to determine if three RIB plantings with greater refuge sizes (10, 20, and 30% refuge) could provide sufficient H. zea susceptible populations to delay resistance development.RESULTSExperimental results showed that cross‐pollination in 10:90%, 20:80%, and 30:70% RIB plantings still significantly reduced larval survival, delayed larval development and decreased the pupal size of H. zea on refuge plants. Regression analysis showed that the percent reduction of neonate‐to‐adult survivorship, relative to the survivorship on pure non‐Bt ears, was significantly negatively correlated with the refuge percentage.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that, approximately a 15% non‐Bt refuge plants in RIB plantings could produce a similar number of susceptible adult moths as a 5% structured refuge planting, while an approximately 30% non‐Bt refuge plant in RIB plantings could provide a similar number of susceptible moths as a 20% structured refuge planting. Information generated from this study should be useful in refining resistance management strategies for Bt crop technologies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro metabolism of olaparib in liver microsomes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Meixia 
Published: September 2019

RationalesOlaparib is a Poly (ADP‐ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitor which has been developed as an anti‐cancer agent. The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolites of olaparib from liver microsomes and to reveal the interspecies differences between animals and humans.MethodsOlaparib (20 μM) was incubated with different species of liver microsomes at 37°C for 1 h in the presence of NADPH. The incubation samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐HRMS) operated in positive ion mode. The metabolites were characterized by accurate masses, MS2 spectra and retention times.ResultsA total of 12 metabolites were detected and the structures of the metabolites were characterized based on their accurate masses, fragment ions and retention times. Four metabolites, i.e., M1, M10, M11 and M12, were unambiguously identified by using reference standards. The metabolic pathways of olaparib included hydroxylation, bis‐hydroxylation, hydrolysis, dealkylation, dehydrogenation, and alcohol oxidation.ConclusionsCompared with animal species, no human‐specific metabolite was found in HLM. Dog also had a closer metabolic profile to humans. This study will be helpful for a better understanding of the species difference in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.
Forecasting basketball players' performance using sparse functional data*
Authors: Vinué Guillermo , Epifanio Irene 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStatistics and analytic methods are becoming increasingly important in basketball. In particular, predicting players' performance using past observations is a considerable challenge. The purpose of this study is to forecast the future behavior of basketball players. The available data are sparse functional data, which are very common in sports. So far, however, no forecasting method designed for sparse functional data has been used in sports. A methodology based on two methods to handle sparse and irregular data, together with the analogous method and functional archetypoid analysis is proposed. Results in comparison with traditional methods show that our approach is competitive and additionally provides prediction intervals. The methodology can also be used in other sports when sparse longitudinal data are available.
Application of Transmural Flow Across In Vitro Microvasculature Enables Direct Sampling of Interstitial Therapeutic Molecule Distribution
Authors: Offeddu Giovanni S. , Possenti Luca , Loessberg‐Zahl Joshua T. , Zunino Paolo , Roberts John , Han Xiaogang , Hickman Dean , Knutson Charles G. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn vitro prediction of physiologically relevant transport of therapeutic molecules across the microcirculation represents an intriguing opportunity to predict efficacy in human populations. On‐chip microvascular networks (MVNs) show physiologically relevant values of molecular permeability, yet like most systems, they lack an important contribution to transport: the ever‐present fluid convection through the endothelium. Quantification of transport through the MVNs by current methods also requires confocal imaging and advanced analytical techniques, which can be a bottleneck in industry and academic laboratories. Here, it is shown that by recapitulating physiological transmural flow across the MVNs, the concentration of small and large molecule therapeutics can be directly sampled in the interstitial fluid and analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The magnitudes of transport measured in MVNs reveal trends with molecular size and type (protein versus nonprotein) that are expected in vivo, supporting the use of the MVNs platform as an in vitro tool to predict distribution of therapeutics in vivo.
Coordination‐Driven Hierarchical Assembly of Hybrid Nanostructures Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Pan Long , Liu Yi‐Tao , Zhong Ming , Xie Xu‐Ming 
Published: September 2019

Abstract2D materials have received tremendous scientific and engineering interests due to their remarkable properties and broad‐ranging applications such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, biomedicine, electronics, and so forth. To further enhance their performance and endow them with new functions, 2D materials are proposed to hybridize with other nanostructured building blocks, resulting in hybrid nanostructures with various morphologies and structures. The properties and functions of these hybrid nanostructures depend strongly on the interfacial interactions between 2D materials and other building blocks. Covalent and coordination bonds are two strong interactions that hold high potential in constructing these robust hybrid nanostructures based on 2D materials. However, most 2D materials are chemically inert, posing problems for the covalent assembly with other building blocks. There are usually coordination atoms in most of 2D materials and their derivatives, thus coordination interaction as a strong interfacial interaction has attracted much attention. In this review, recent progress on the coordination‐driven hierarchical assembly based on 2D materials is summarized, focusing on the synthesis approaches, various architectures, and structure–property relationship. Furthermore, insights into the present challenges and future research directions are also presented.
Uniform Ag Nanocubes Prepared by AgCl Particle–Mediated Heterogeneous Nucleation and Disassembly and Their Mechanism Study by DFT Calculation
Authors: Han Hye Ji , Park Ju Hyun , Park Jin Kyoung , Kristanto Imanuel , Park Bum Jun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Im Sang Hyuk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUniform Ag nanocubes are reproducibly synthesized by a AgCl particle‐mediated heterogeneous nucleation and disassembly process in polyol chemistry. By introducing N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) in a conventional polyol method with HCl etchant, Ag nanocrystals (NCs) begin to be nucleated on the surface of AgCl‐precipitated particles due to the promoted reduction reaction by DMF. The nucleated Ag NCs on the AgCl particles are grown to Ag nanocubes in shape by consuming Ag sources from the AgCl mother particles. Eventually the grown Ag nanocubes are disassembled from the mother AgCl particles because the AgCl particles are fully digested by the growing Ag nanocubes. Density functional theory calculation confirms that the Ag atoms can be favorably deposited on the (100) facet of AgCl particles and the Ag nuclei on the AgCl particles tend to reveal (100) facet.
A simplified method to assess seismic behavior of reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Jingquan , Zhu Junzheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simplified method was proposed to assess the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete columns that failed in different modes. In this method, an analytical monotonic model was established to obtain lateral force‐displacement curves, and the Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler model was utilized to simulate hysteretic behavior. For the Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler model, the backbone curve was determined based on the proposed monotonic model, and the two parameters κ and γed used to describe pinching effect and deterioration, respectively, were calculated with two suggested regression formulas. The nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses were conducted based on the proposed method. The obtained results were compared with the results of cyclic loading and shake table tests on reinforced concrete columns that failed in different modes. Results show that the proposed monotonic model adequately captures not only the prepeak response but also the postpeak branch. The parameters κ and γed are approximately linear to the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the shear span ratio. For the two parameters, the proposed regression formulas can provide closer predictions to the experimental calibrations. The Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler model determined with the proposed method can be used to assess the dynamic response of reinforced concrete columns with or without sufficient stirrups.
Inhaled Kathon may induce eosinophilia‐mediated disease in the lung
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Han Ji‐Seok , Seong Eunsol , Park Eun‐Jun , Lee Byoung‐Seok , Lee Sang Jin , Lee Kyuhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2011, a link between humidifier disinfectants and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was identified in Korea, and Kathon was suggested as one of the causative agents. In this study, Kathon induced apoptotic cell death along with membrane damage at 24 h post‐exposure. Additionally, on day 14 after a single instillation with Kathon, the total number of pulmonary cells and the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐5, IL‐13, MIP‐1α, and MCP‐1α clearly increased in the lung of mice. The proportion of natural killer cells and eosinophils were significantly elevated in the spleen and the bloodstream, respectively, and the level of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, but not IgG, IgM, and IgE, dose‐dependently increased. Therefore, we suggest that inhaled Kathon may induce eosinophilia‐mediated disease in the lung by disrupting homeostasis of pulmonary surfactants. Considering that eosinophilia is closely related to cancer and fibrosis, further studies are needed to understand the relationship between them.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges
Authors: Bryant Richard A. 
Published: September 2019

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is arguably the most common psychiatric disorder to arise after exposure to a traumatic event. Since its formal introduction in the DSM‐III in 1980, knowledge has grown significantly regarding its causes, maintaining mechanisms and treatments. Despite this increased understanding, however, the actual definition of the disorder remains controversial. The DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 define the disorder differently, reflecting disagreements in the field about whether the construct of PTSD should encompass a broad array of psychological manifestations that arise after trauma or should be focused more specifically on trauma memory phenomena. This controversy over clarifying the phenotype of PTSD has limited the capacity to identify biomarkers and specific mechanisms of traumatic stress. This review provides an up‐to‐date outline of the current definitions of PTSD, its known prevalence and risk factors, the main models to explain the disorder, and evidence‐supported treatments. A major conclusion is that, although trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy is the best‐validated treatment for PTSD, it has stagnated over recent decades, and only two‐thirds of PTSD patients respond adequately to this intervention. Moreover, most people with PTSD do not access evidence‐based treatment, and this situation is much worse in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Identifying processes that can overcome these major barriers to better management of people with PTSD remains an outstanding challenge.
Targets and outcomes of psychotherapies for mental disorders: an overview
Authors: Cuijpers Pim 
Published: September 2019

It is not yet clear what mental disorders are and what are the causal pathways that lead to them. That makes it difficult to decide what the targets and outcomes of psychotherapies should be. In this paper, the main types of targets and outcomes of psychotherapies are described, and a brief overview is provided of some of the main results of research on these types. These include symptom reduction, personal targets and outcomes from the patient's perspective, improvement of quality of life, intermediate outcomes depending on the theoretical framework of the therapist, negative outcomes to be avoided, and economic outcomes. In line with the dominance of the DSM and ICD systems for diagnoses, most research has been focused on symptom reduction. This considerable body of research, with hundreds of randomized trials, has shown that for most mental disorders effective psychotherapies are available. There is also research showing that psychotherapies can result in improvement of quality of life in most mental disorders. However, relatively little research is available on patient‐defined outcomes, intermediate outcomes, negative outcomes and economic outcomes. Patients, relatives, therapists, employers, health care providers and society at large each have their own perspectives on targets and outcomes of psychotherapies. The perspective of patients should have more priority in research, and a standardization of outcome measures across trials is much needed.
Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system
Authors: Gollner Gabriele , Starz Walter , Friedel Jürgen K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha−1, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha−1 and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha−1. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha−1. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g−1. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g−1, significantly more N (p < 0.0001) than the semi-leafless and leafed field pea. Pea N fixation ranged from 53 to 75 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 42–50% of N derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa). No differences in N fixation were found among cultivars, types and field/fodder pea. The fodder pea exported less N from the field because of their lower grain yield. Therefore, the N balance (N-input − N-output) of fodder pea was positive, with + 3.4 kg N ha−1 compared to the negative N balance of − 0.6 to − 3.6 kg N ha−1 for the leafed field pea types. These differences were not reflected in the following winter wheat crop, where the DM grain yield was 3.6–3.9 Mg ha−1 with no differences between cultivars and ideotypes. The results demonstrate that leafed field pea could have a sufficient grain yield and fodder pea could produce high N concentration in the grains. Because there are no differences regarding the effect of pea types on the yield of the following crop, it can be concluded that all tested pea types are suitable for successful organic pea production under dry site conditions. While there were no negative effects on the subsequent crop, the different ideotypes and mixtures may be selected based on different management goals.
The impact of stakeholder engagement on local policy decision making
Authors: Nguyen Long Le Anh , Foster Megan , Arnold Gwen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigate how grassroots stakeholder engagement in municipal meetings shapes the decision making of local elected officials (LEOs) by examining the choices LEOs in New York State made on how to regulate high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) orfracking. We analyzed the content of 216 meeting minutes and 18 policy documents for 13 municipalities in New York. Our observations suggest that government responsiveness to local activism is shaped by the level of contestation between grassroots stakeholders. They reveal that contestation among grassroots stakeholders encourages LEOs to try to deflect responsibility for regulating fracking. When this contestation is high, LEOs tend to pursue actions which may limit but not prohibit HVHF within their jurisdiction. In contrast, when there is no contestation, LEOs more actively pursue substantive policy actions that prohibit HVHF. Generally, we find that that the level of contestation among grassroots stakeholders about HVHF impacts the political actions LEOs take.