bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Stratigraphy of Godavari Basin Leading to a Discovery of a Carbonate Buildup, a Probable Reservoir for Oil
Authors: Dewan P. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper gives a three dimensional view of Godavari coastal basin, India, a pericratonic basin, for exploration of hydrocarbons based on seismic stratigraphic interpretation. The whole pile of sediments is divided into three seismic sequences. These seismic sequences are correlated with lithology from well data and outcrop stratigraphy.
Each seismic sequence is divided into various seismic facies based on reflection configuration, amplitude and continuity representing different environments of deposition and energy conditions. The seismic facies recognised are parallel to subparallel reflection configuration with high continuity and high amplitude, low continuity and low amplitude and low continuity and variable amplitude; divergent reflection configuration; progradational reflection configuration including oblique progradational, shingled progradational and hummocky progradational and chaotic reflection configuration.
In seismic sequence 2, patch of carbonate buildup-a probable hydrocarbon reservoir is mapped and a well location is recommended. Carbonate buildups are found to be good stratigraphic traps for oil and gas because of their good permeability and affinity to organic material. They have been reported from all over the world including Bengal basin in India.
Hummocky Cross-Stratification and its Hydraulic and Climatic Implications in Talchir formation, Dudhi Nala, Hazaribagh, Bihar
Authors: Bhattacharya H. N. , Mukhopadhyay G. , Bose Pradip K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Storm products are exceedingly rare in glacio-marine and -Iacustrine sequences. However, glacigenic Permo-Carboniferous Talchir sequence in Dudhi nala, West Bokaro coal basin, Bihar, registers two distinct hummocky cross-stratified facies units of considerable thickness. This, in turn, suggests the activity of storm waves vis-a-vis the removal of iceberg cover and considerable amelioration of climate during Talchir times.
An Analysis of the Structures in the Beawar-Barr Section, Delhi Fold Belt, Central Rajasthan
Authors: Dasgupta A. , Bhattacharya P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Strain analyses of deformed pebbles of the conglomerate horizon at Barr, reveal that they have undergone a flattening type deformation with about 80% of the pebbles showing 1&gt;K&gt;O and the corresponding Lode's ratio (ν) between 0 and 1. These results reveal that the principal stresses acted across the main strike of the belt and the strain factor was directed sub-vertically. These inferences were further applied to analyse the various fold structures observed in this region. This led to the conclusion that although three phases of folding are seen, the deformation of the Delhi Supergroup rocks took place in two stages. The first stage brought in major deformation of the rocks, the formation of F1 folds and the deformation of the conglomerate pebbles. F2 folds, superposed on the F1 fold structures, are observed only along the margins of the Delhi fold belt. The spatial distribution of the F2 folds and their geometry suggests that, they were formed due to local reorientation of the stress and strain axes during the same deformation stage. The second stage of deformation resulted in the formation of diagonal shear zones along which right-hand shearing gave rise to the F3 fold structures.
The Stratigraphy of the Kinnaur Tethyan Basin - A Reappraisal
Authors: Bassi U. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The geological database of the Phanerozoic Kinnaur Tethyan Basin in Himachal Pradesh is updated and its lower Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy revised to bring uniformity with the Spiti Basin. The paper also records the occurrence of middle Palaeozoic-Mesozoic rocks for the first time from the Baspa Valley. Some observations on the validity of certain fossil reports from this basin have also been made.
Geochemistry of Felsic Volcanics from Gurapratap Singh and Diri, Pali Dist., Rajasthan (Part - II, Trace Elements)
Authors: Srivastava R. K. , Maheshwari A. , Upadhyaya Rajani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Felsic volcanics of the Gurapratap Singh and Diri, belong to the Malani volcanic suite of Precambrian age. Major element chemistry of these volcanics shows systematic variations with progress of differentiation. The distribution and behaviour of trace elements in these rocks is in accord with their major element data and the distribution patterns are normal with no anomalous concentrations of the elements studied. With the progress of fractionation there is a smooth decrease in Sr and increase in Rb which along with Ba are the main trace contents of these rocks. Unlike Sr and Rb which have a linear distribution pattern, Ba shows a curvilinear trend, i.e., an initial increase from andesite to dacite and rhyodacite followed by a decrease amongst rhyolites. The behaviour of ratios like Ni/Co, Fe/Zn, Mg/Li and K/Rb agrees with a model of fractional crystallisation. Furthermore, the trace element abundances of the volcanics point to their crustal source. The work also shows that in felsic magmas Ba and Sr are sensitive indicators for tracing possible differentiation and that rhyolitic rocks depleted in Ba are enriched in Rb and that in last stages of differentiation Ba/Rb ratio shows rapid decrease.
K-Ar Ages on Three Basic Intersecting Dykes from Gadag Schist Belt, Karnataka
Authors: Gokhale N. W. , Waghamare B. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
About 200 basic dykes traverse the northern part of the Gadag Schist Belt. Out of these, three dykes show distinct cross cutting relations with each other. K-Ar geochronological studies indicate ages of 1535±61 m.y. for the oldest dyke, 1082±54 m.y. for the intermediate dyke, and l018±50 m.y. for the youngest dyke.
Petrochemistry and Geochronology of Pink Granite from Songsak, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Kumar Sunil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The pink granite of Songsak area, East Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, intrusive into Precambrian gneisses is inferred to be S-type, peraluminous, low calcium, postkinematic granite. It is characterised by initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.728±.002, high K20, high differentiation index and presence of normative corundum. The major mineral constituents are perthitic microcline, fresh interstitial microcline, orthoclase with different degree of triclinisation, two generations of quartz and biotite. Sericitization of feldspars, presence of muscovite, rare chiastolite, fluorite and uraninite are other characteristics of the pink granites. Whole rock Rb-Sr dating assigns an age of 500±40 m.y,
Mineralogical and Petrological Studies of Gneisses and Charnockites of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rameshwar Rao D. , Narayana B. L. , Charan S. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Detailed mineralogical studies of amphibolite to granulite facies transition zone rocks and granulite facies rocks in Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, were carried out in order to know the gneiss-charnockite relations, nature of protolith, and metamorphic conditions.
The studies show that the rocks are of magmatic origin. and show a gradual decrease in modal composition of hornblende and biotite and gradual increase of hypersthene and iron oxide in a north to south traverse. Breakdown of hydrous minerals to anhydrous minerals is evident with the release of iron oxide suggesting progressive transformation of gneisses to charnockite, Biotite occurs in two generations, an earlier one is of massive type and breaks down to anhydrous minerals, while the latter one occurs as tabular flakes and likely to have formed during the waning stages of amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism, and forms a zone of concentration just above the stage or CO2 migration. The mineralogy of pyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, biotite and iron oxides also suggests that the pressure-temperature conditions in the transition zone are lower than those of the granulite zone.
Geology Along the National Highway-IA Between Batote and Qazigund, Jammu and Kashmir State
Authors: Razdan M. L. , Dhir N. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The section along the National Highway-IA between Batote and Qazigund, in the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya exposes a succession of rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Tertiary which fall under three tectonic divisions viz, the Murree Structural Belt, the Lesser Himalayan Belt of J and K and the Kashmir Tethyan Belt, separated from each other by major tectonic discontinuities designated as the Murree Thrust and the Panjal Thrust.
Effects of 1950 Earthquake on Geomorphology and Ecology in a Part of Brahmaputra Valley Near Teju, Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Ramesh N. R. , Gadagkar N. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper reports evidences of some important geomorphological and ecological changes recorded during the recent Quaternary investigations, in the alluvial area immediately west of Teju in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh and Dibrugarh district, Assam, triggered by 1950 Earthquake.
Structural Trendline Patterns and Lineaments of the Western Ghats, South of 13° Latitude
Authors: Nair M. M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lithological boundaries and co-parallel axial planar fabric of the earliest isoclinal folds have contributed the treodline features observed. Based on the nature and style of folding, persistence, frequency and discontinuity of trendlines, eight distinct structural domains have been identified.
Morpho-Chemistry of Some Ferromanganese Samples from Central Indian Ocean Basin
Authors: Mohapatra B. K. , Misra S. K. , Sahoo R. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This note is aimed at elucidating the relationship between morphology and chemistry of some ferromanganese samples of Central Indian Ocean basin and describing precisely the factors controlling these variations. The samples investigated were dredged from Central Indian Ocean basin at a depth of 4000-5000 m during cruises of SS Fernela (St. F4 and F5), SS Scandy Surveyor (St. SS4, SS5, SS6 and SS8) and RV Sagarkanya (St. SK8) conducted by the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa. Because of certain restrictions, location of sample details have not been mentioned.
Formation of Phosphatic Coated Grains and Peloids by Grain Diminution of Precambrian Apatite Crystals
Authors: Dahanayake Kapila , Subasinghe S. M. N. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to tropical physical and chemical processes active on a Precambrian apatite marble formation, primary apatite crystals were removed from the parent rock and deposited in different types of depressions within a thick weathering profile. The primary apatite crystal margins show a microcrystalline envelope characteristic of coated grains. The envelope may extend towards the centre of the grain eventually forming a wholly microcrystalline apatite body out of the initial coated grain, thus producing a peloid by the process of grain diminution.
Microbial mats grow within the depressions engulfing the primary apatite crystals. coated grains and peloids of variable size. Continuous surficial processes together with subsurface percolation of sediment and nutrient-rich waters help to maintain the growth of the laminated stromatolitic groundrnass. Grain diminution seems to play an important role during diagenetic process in the phosphate micro-sedimentary environment of the depressions within the apatite marble formation. The grain diminution of Precambrian single apatite crystals to form a phoscrete-type phosphorite is perhaps a unique phenomenon.
Origin and Significance of Hemavathi-Tirthahalli Mega-Lineament
Authors: Ganesha Raj K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
LANDSAT MSS False Colour Composite on 1 : 537,000 scale has been interpreted to study the lineaments in the study area (Frame 145-051 covering Hassan, Chikmagalur, Kodagu, Shimoga, Mysore, Dakshina Kannada, Tumkur, Chitradurga Districts of Karnataka and Kasaragod District of Kerala). The most prominent lineament is about 190 km long and is named Hernavathi-Tirthahalli mega-lineament. The direction of this mega-lineament is almost parallel to the west coast. This mega-lineament with considerable length and almost parallel orientation to the west coast indicates that it developed at the time of the West Coast Fault. Major lineaments like Yagachi, Tunga and a good number of other lineaments are also parallel to the west coast. As most of the earthquakes (between 1967 and 1977) in Southern Peninsula occurred in the vicinity of NNW-SSE to NW-SE trending mega lineaments, the Hemavathi-Tirthahalli mega-lineament should be studied to understand its seismic status.
Study of Intensities of 26th April 1986 Dbaramshala Earthquake (Himachal Pradesh) and Associated Tectonics
Authors: Kumar Surendar , Mahajan A. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A moderate earthquake of magnitude 5.5 on Richter scale rocked the Dharamshala area in Himachal Pradesh on 26th April 1986 at 07.35 : 17 GMT. The earthquake was felt in Kangra valley, Kullu, Mandi and Chamba areas. Dharamshala town, Macleodganj and Naddi etc., were subjected to maximum damage where the mud houses, older buildings and some of the Govt. buildings suffered maximum loss. Cracks along mortar joints, fall of plaster and relative movement of walls were observed in a number of residential buildings. On the basis of study, four isoseisrnals of VII, VI, V, IV intensities on the MMscale have been drawn. The shape of these isoseismals is elliptical and based on this, the NW/SE trending epicentral tract of this earthquake has been estimated to bel oeated just at Dharamshala Town. With the land levelHng survey and field observation of cracks and fracture, the direction of movement and direction of fracture is also shown. Local depth distribution of earthquake in the Dharamshala area suggests that fractures causing this earthquake have. direct relationship with the local thrust faults.
New Names for Loxoconcha and Semicytherura Species from the Quilon Beds of Kerala
Authors: Khosla S. C. , Nagori M. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It has been brought to our notice by Professor E. K. Kempf, Federal Republic of Germany that the names of two new ostracode species - Loxoconcha (Loxoconclra) subalata and Semicytherura indica - recently described by us (Khosla and Nagori, 1989, pp. 46-47, 50) are preoccupied by Loxoconcha subalata Brady, 1911 and Semicytherura indica Neale and Singh, 1985, respectively. As both our names are primary junior homonyms they are rejected and replaced by Loxoconcha (Loxoconchas) keralaensis Khosla and Nagori, and Semicytherurapadappakkaraensis Khosla aad Nagori.
Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera from the Cherty Limestone of Baratang Island, Andaman, India
Authors: Rajshekhar C. , Badve R. M. , Kundal P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Late Cretaceous planktonic forarmruferal species viz, Guembeluna cretacea Cushman, Pseudoquembehna excolata (Cushman), Ventilabrella sp, Globigerinelloides sp , Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey), H planispira (Tappan), Globotruncana concavata (Brotzen), G marginata (Reuss), G of rosetta and Rugoglobigerina macrocephala Bronnimann are reported from cherty limestone of Baratang Island, Andaman. The assemblage indicates dominance of Maestrichtian element Based on recorded stratigraphic ranges of different species the cherty limestone is assigned a Campanian-Maestrichtian age.
Void Ratio and Porosity of the Bank Soil Around Maijan and Mathola, Dibrugarh District, Assam
Authors: Ahmed Hasan , Maswood M. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The void ratio and the porosity of the bank soil around Maijan and Mathola are from 0.32 to 1.38, and from 0.29 to 0.58, respectively, and show the characteristic of soft clay. In the top clayey soil with higher void ratio and porosity, consolidation has not occurred. The heavy water pressure with the underlying sandy soil with less void ratio and porosity has promoted erosion of the river banks.
Quartzites of the Cuddapah Group and Their Environment of Deposition
Authors: Pulla Reddy V. , Subba Reddy N. , Prasad C. V. R. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quartzites occurring at different stratigraphic levels in the Proterozoic Cuddapah Group are studied for petrography, chemistry and grain size distribution for purposes of comparison and determination of the environment of deposition. It is indicated that these formations were laid down in a beach environment and that they were subjected to tectonic disturbances before the Srisailam sediments were deposited. This resulted in the less mature nature of the Srisailam quartzites compared to all other quartzites underlying it.
Quick Quantitative Appraisal of Groundwater Resources - Case Study on 'Coconut Triangle', Sri Lanka
Authors: Ramesam V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on different methods of quick quantitative appraisal, the recharge to the groundwater body is estimated to be around 150 mm per unit area per annum. The potential evapotranspiration varies from 1170 mm to 1340 mm. The run off is about 1 MCM per sq. km per annum in the Maha Oya basin and decreases to 0.4 MCM per sq. km per annum in the Deduru Oya basin. Unclassified granite gneisses, khondalites and charnockites occur over alargc part of the area. Groundwater occurs in the weathered and fractured parts of the hard rocks and in the intergranular pore spaces in the Quaternary formations under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. The water levels vary from 1 m to 15 m below ground level. The groundwater recharge occurs two times in a year - in May-June and again in November-December. The quality of water is good with tbe electrical conductivity being Jess than 300 micromhos/cm at 25°C.
Acoustic Wipeouts Over the Continental Margins of Krishna, Godavari and Mahanadi River Basins, East Coast of India
Authors: Murthy K. S. R. , Rao T. C. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Loss of seismic reflections, termed as acoustic wipeouts, are observed in the high resolution sparker seismic records over the continental shelf and slope of Krishna, Godavari and Mahanadi river mouths, east coast of India. The wipeouts observed in the sub-surface layers beneath the outer shelf off these basins (150 to 250 m water depth) result in a chaotic appearance, probably indicating the presence of gas mixed sediments, while those observed over the continental slope (beyond 500 m water depth) are mostly associated with faulted contacts and uplifts and represent an abrupt weakening of seismic energy or break in the pattern of surface and/or sub-surface reflectors. Though acoustic wipeouts result due to a variety of reasons, their association with vertical faults and location at depth off major river basins suggest that some of these might be due to migration of oil/gas along the faulted contacts from increased depths.
Himalayan Palaeontologie Database Polluted: Plagiarism and Other Anomalies
Authors: Talent John A. , Brock Glenn A. , Engelbretsen Michael J. , Gaetani Maurizio , Jell Peter A. , Mawson Ruth , Talent Ross C. , Webster Gary D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Additional evidence is presented regarding spurious localities, plagiarised illustrations and other forms of disinformation injected into the Himalayan palaeontologie and stratigraphic database in the past 25 years, all connected with a single source.
Linear Ash-Moisture Relation of Coal Seams in a Borehole Drilled in Chuperbhita Coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Madabhushi Srinivas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Six regional seams and six local seams were intersected in a borehole RJC-10 drilled during April-July 1976 in Chuperbhita coalfield of Rajmahal hills, Bihar. The Ash-Moisture relations of these seams is strikingly linear in this particular borehole. A correlation with lithofacies has indicated that RJC-10 is in a zone of relatively lower Sandstone/Shale and Clastic ratios. The water of hydration of inorganic constituents present as combined water of 'hygroscopic' moisture in the finer sediments could have been expelled in a gradual and linear manner with increase in depth.
Trace and REE Geochemistry of Pelites from the Sargur High-Grade Terrain, Southern Karnataka
Authors: Janardhan A. S. , Shadakshara Swamy N. , Capdevila R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metapelites form one of the important supracrustal lithounits of the quartzite-pelite-carbonate association in the Sargur high-grade terrain of Southern Karnataka. These pelites have low ferromagnesium trace elemental concentrations, common to the pelites of the Archaean high-grade terrains elsewhere. Though concentration of Sc and U are comparable with the Archaean rocks, the Th concentration and majority of the trace and rare earth elemental ratios are more akin to post-Archaean levels. The REE pattern indicates a mixed provenance dominated by acid igneous rocks. Significant variability in the REB pattern advocates a lithologically complex but definitely a bimodal provenance and also inefficient mixing of source rocks.
Hydrogeology of the Jharia Coal Field, India
Authors: Choubey V. D. , Sankaranarayana I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Jharia Coal field is a part of an east-west trending intracratonic Gondwana basin in eastern India. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive research programme to understand the hydrogeological setting and the aquifer characteristics. Water table in weathered zone is observed to fluctuate cyclically with seasons and suggests shallow ground water flow system. Aquifer parameters obtained by pumping tests are relatively low and these formations are classified as poor aquifers. The small volumes of water in coal mines is directly related to poor hydraulic conductivity of the rocks associated with coal.
Distribution and Textural Characteristics of the Heavy Minerals in the Beach and Dune Sands of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Mitra Sachinath , Ahmed Syed Samsuddin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The beach and coastal dune sands of Cox's Bazar constitute the most important source of metallic minerals in Bangladesh. The sands are fine, well-sorted, negatively skewed and leptokurtic in their grain-size distributions. Plots of different size parameters suggest that (a) the finer the grain-size the better is the sorting; (b) the sediments are more negatively skewed as the grain-size decreases; and (c) sorting improves as the skewness changes from nearly symmetrical to negative. The dune sands are finer, better sorted and more negatively skewed than beach sands. The percentage of heavy minerals increases from 2 f (250 μ m) to 3.5 f (88 μ m) fraction. The light fraction consists predominantly of quartz (about 90 %), while amphibole, ilmenite, garnet, epidote, mica, pyroxene, magnetite. kyanite, tourmaline, staurolite, zircon, rutile and monazite constitute the heavy minerals. The distribution of the heavies in the dunes and beaches depend on their respective shape. The equant ones are predominant in the former than in the latter. The predominance of unstable minerals and their shapes suggest that the major source of the sediment may be in the easterly highlands of Chittagong-Arakan hills.
Ediacaran Medusoids from the Krol formation, Naini Tal Syncline, Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Mathur V. K. , Shanker Ravi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Late Precambrian Ediacaran medusoid coelenterates, viz., Tirasiana sp., Medusinites sp, and Beltanella sp. are reported from the upper part of the Krol Formation in the Naini Tal Syncline, Lesser Himalaya in association with other Ediacaran fossils, viz., Beltanelliformis sp., Pteridinium sp, and Ichnogenus Gordia sp.