bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Response Resetting in Ongoing Sepsis
Authors: Nowill Alexandre E. , Fornazin Márcia C. , Spago Maria C. , Dorgan Neto Vicente , Pinheiro Vitória R. P. , Alexandre Simônia S. S. , Moraes Edgar O. , Souza Gustavo H. M. F. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Marques Lygia A. , Meurer Eduardo C. , Franchi Gilberto C. , de Campos-Lima Pedro O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cure of severe infections, sepsis, and septic shock with antimicrobial drugs is a challenge because morbidity and mortality in these conditions are essentially caused by improper immune response. We have tested the hypothesis that repeated reactivation of established memory to pathogens may reset unfavorable immune responses. We have chosen for this purpose a highly stringent mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis by cecum ligation and puncture. Five weeks after priming with a diverse Ag pool, high-grade sepsis was induced in C57BL/6j mice that was lethal in 24 h if left untreated. Antimicrobial drug (imipenem) alone rescued 9.7% of the animals from death, but &gt;5-fold higher cure rate could be achieved by combining imipenem and two rechallenges with the Ag pool (p &lt; 0.0001). Antigenic stimulation fine-tuned the immune response in sepsis by contracting the total CD3+ T cell compartment in the spleen and disengaging the hyperactivation state in the memory T subsets, most notably CD8+ T cells, while preserving the recovery of naive subsets. Quantitative proteomics/lipidomics analyses revealed that the combined treatment reverted the molecular signature of sepsis for cytokine storm, and deregulated inflammatory reaction and proapoptotic environment, as well as the lysophosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine ratio. Our results showed the feasibility of resetting uncontrolled hyperinflammatory reactions into ordered hypoinflammatory responses by memory reactivation, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality in antibiotic-treated sepsis. This beneficial effect was not dependent on the generation of a pathogen-driven immune response itself but rather on the reactivation of memory to a diverse Ag pool that modulates the ongoing response.
Telling allomorphy from agreement
Authors: Weisser Philipp 
Published: July 2019

Recent work on allomorphy has tried to propose various notions of locality domains in order to constrain the relation between the trigger and the target of allomorphy. However, unless we have a way to clearly distinguish between allomorphy and cases of syntactic agreement, this approach is bound to fail as one can never tell whether a given alternation is due to agreement or non-local allomorphy. The goal of this paper is thus to provide a set of coherent diagnostics to distinguish the two phenomena empirically. In order to do this, I provide three case studies about phenomena previously analyzed as instances of agreement. For each of these cases, I argue that an analysis in terms of allomorphy is empirically more adequate for a number of reasons. Since two of these case studies involve phenomena where the trigger and the target of allomorphy are not part of the same word, the present paper also substantiates the claim that context-sensitive spell-out phenomena are not restricted to words. Building on these case studies, the final section revisits six diagnostics that can be applied to a given alternation to determine whether it is an instance of allomorphy or agreement.
Construcción, validación y confiabilidad de escala de medición de deserción estudiantil universitaria
Authors: Ventura-Romero José Modesto , Lobos-Rivera Marlon Elías , Gutiérrez-Quintanilla José Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio es la construcción, validación y confiabilidad de una escala para medir la deserción estudiantil universitaria. El estudio es de tipo instrumental. El muestreo es no probabilístico; la muestra estaba conformada por 361 estudiantes universitarios que hubieran desertado una o más veces. La media de edad general es de 28.35 años. La muestra de mujeres fue de 181 (50,1 %), y la de hombres fue de 180 (49,9 %). La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la escala de deserción estudiantil universitaria y el cuestionario de adaptación a la vida universitaria. En los resultados, se tiene que la prueba posee adecuados índices de validez de contenido, de constructo, de criterio divergente y confiabilidad para medir deserción estudiantil universitaria.
Du Mentô, de l’écrivain et du conteur. Mots et magie aux Antilles et en Acadie
Authors: Crainic Corina 
Published: July 2019

Cet article examine la manière dont la violence symbolique se manifeste dans les univers littéraires de l’Acadie et des Antilles françaises. Elle serait ici et là le legs colonial d’autant plus honni qu’il est lié à ce qui a présidé à la logique ayant structuré la traite négrière vers les Antilles et la Déportation des Acadiens hors des terres habitées depuis le début de la colonisation française des Amériques. Il s’agit donc chez Antonine Maillet et chez Patrick Chamoiseau de parer à cette situation grâce à un recours à l’imaginaire qui n’est pas abordé comme seul exutoire, mais comme « terrain » propice à l’avènement d’une libération ou, plus prosaïquement, d’un apaisement. L’article est ainsi l’occasion de réfléchir à cet imaginaire qui modifierait la réalité, la bonifierait même, augmenté qu’il est par la parole, par le conte et par une narration ayant des connivences avec des pratiques religieuses ou mystiques.
Se réinventer en Amérique : le réel et le fictionnel dans l’oeuvre de Régine Robin et de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Levemfous Sérgio Israel 
Published: July 2019

Du fait d’une population assez hétérogène, mêlant des cultures et ethnies variées, le caractère interculturel du Canada, et particulièrement du Québec, pourrait relever d’une forme de patrimoine immatériel. À partir de deux monologues intérieurs exprimant un conflit de générations, le conte « L’immense fatigue des pierres » du livre éponyme de la franco-québécoise Régine Robin, esquisse de façon fictionnelle la ville de Montréal, la condition juive, l’errance et la problématique du multilinguisme. Professeure, sociologue, romancière-essayiste et essayiste-romancière, Robin dessine, au fil d’un récit bio-fictionnel, l’image d’une Montréal lieu d’accueil où il est possible d’élaborer, de construire et de déconstruire appartenances et mémoires. Le contexte littéraire américain est riche de ces imaginaires mettant en scène l’insertion d’individus provenant de migrations. Au Brésil, l’écrivain Moacyr Scliar a consacré quasiment l’ensemble de son oeuvre à la problématique de l’immigration juive et son inscription dans le contexte national. Cet écrivain, qui a été membre de l’Académie brésilienne des lettres, a écrit plus de quatre-vingts livres, essais, contes et romans, de sorte que les exemples fictionnels sur cette problématique sont nombreux. Nous retiendrons, en guise de contrepoint au texte de Régine Robin, le parcours de deux personnages du roman Sa Majesté des Indiens qui quittent avec leurs familles l’Europe pour le Brésil, chacun migrant vers une région et des réalités différentes. Le récit permet d’exposer, à partir des expériences vécues par ces personnages, la diversité culturelle du pays.
Using the Multitheory Model to Predict Initiation and Sustenance of Physical Activity Behavior Among Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Nahar Vinayak K. , Wilkerson Amanda H. , Stephens Philip M. , Kim Richard W. , Sharma Manoj 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
The multitheory model (MTM) is a newly developed fourth-generation theoretical framework that addresses both initiation and sustenance of health behavior change. Studies have shown that the MTM is efficacious in predicting a range of health behaviors.

Objective
To assess the utility of the MTM in predicting initiation and sustenance of physical activity behavior among osteopathic medical students.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a volunteer convenience sample was recruited from an osteopathic medical school student population at a university in the southeastern region of the United States. An online survey was used to collect self-reported data on sociodemographic information and MTM constructs. Multiple linear regression using the enter method for modeling was performed to determine the predictive ability of the MTM constructs.

Results
Of the 135 participants, 52.6% were women and 67.7% were white. The initiation model explained 25.8% of the variance (adjusted R
2=0.238). Behavioral confidence was a statistically significant predictor of initiation of physical activity behavior change. The sustenance model explained 41.7% of the variance (adjusted R
2=0.402). Changes in social environment and emotional transformation were statistically significant predictors of sustenance of physical activity behavior change.

Conclusion
The MTM appears to be a robust theoretical framework for designing behavior change interventions to increase physical activity among osteopathic medical students.
Empathy in Medicine National Norms for the Jefferson Scale of Empathy: A Nationwide Project in Osteopathic Medical Education and Empathy (POMEE)
Authors: Hojat Mohammadreza , Shannon Stephen C. , DeSantis Jennifer , Speicher Mark R. , Bragan Lynn , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
National norms are necessary to assess individual scores from validated instruments. Before undertaking this study, no national norms were available on empathy scores. The Project in Osteopathic Medical Education and Empathy (POMEE) provided a unique opportunity to develop the first national norms for medical students.

Objective
To develop national norms for the assessments of osteopathic medical students’ empathy scores on the broadly used and well-validated Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) at all levels of osteopathic medical school education.

Methods
Participants were students from 41 of 48 participating campuses of osteopathic medical schools. Students were invited to complete a web-based survey, which included the JSE, in the 2017-2018 academic year.

Results
A total of 16,149 completed surveys were used to create national norm tables. Three national norm tables were developed for first-year matriculants and for students in preclinical (years 1 and 2) and clinical (years 3 and 4) phases of medical school. The norm tables allow any raw score on the JSE for male and female osteopathic medical students from matriculation to graduation to be converted to a percentile rank to assess an individual's score against national data.

Conclusions
National norms developed in this project, for men and women and at different levels of medical school education, can not only be used for the assessment of student's individual scores on the JSE, but can also serve as a supplementary measure for admissions to medical school and postgraduate medical education programs.
Difference in Types of Freshwater Fish as Raw Materials for the Preference Level of Korean Fish Cake
Authors: Putri Muthia Nurlestari , Pratama Rusky Intan , Andriani Yuli , Rostini Iis 
Published: July 2019

Aims: This research aims to determine the effect of different types of freshwater fish as raw material for making Korean fish cake to the level of preference of panelists.
Place and Duration of Study: Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University in February-March 2019.
Methodology: The method used in the research was the experimental method with the treatment of three different freshwater fish raw materials, namely freshwater pomfret, catfish and red tilapia. Data processing using Friedman Test and Bayes Test. The observations made are the hedonic test which includes appearance, aroma, texture and taste. Physical tests in the form of a folding test and bite test, chemical tests include tests of water, protein and fat levels.
Results: The results showed that Korean fish cake with raw materials of red tilapia was Korean fish cake which was most preferred by panelists with an average score of appearance, aroma, texture and taste are 7.50; 6.70; 7.30 and 6.90. Folding test with a value of 5 (very rubbery), bite test with a value of 8 (strong). Chemical test results of water content is 38.38%, protein level is 15.64% and fat level is 9.05%.
Conclusion: Korean fish cake with raw materials of red tilapia was Korean fish cake which was most preferred by panelists.
Condition Factor, Food and Feeding Habit of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas Edem, Edem , Ogamode Odey, Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: The feeding habit as well as the condition factor of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from lower river Benue was studied between July 2015 and September 2015.
Materials and Methods: The natural food of the fish in the Lower River Benue was studied from stomach contents of the fish. A total of 100 stomachs were randomly examined and analyzed using two methods; the frequency of occurrence and point methods. About 92 had food items while 8 were empty. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference at 95% confidence limit in the food eaten by these species and also the degree of stomach fullness.
Results: Food items encountered using frequency of occurrence method include fish parts (47.62%), seeds (40.49%), sand/mud (30.09%), detritus (30.95%), digested food (29.76%), insect parts (27.38%), mollusk (25.00%) and algae (22.62%).
Conclusion: C. nigrodigitatus had a euryphagous food habits and based on condition factor the fish were in good health.
Dried Pig Feces: Impacts on Growth, Haematology and Histology of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ajiboye Adebola Oluyinka , Ajani Funmilola , Emikpe Benjamin O. , Adesanya Abiodun Bukola 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Improper utilization and disposal of pig faeces in pig farms have been a great concern due to their hazards and risks they constitute to the environment. This situation calls for effective utilization of pig Feces for fish feed. This project was designed to provide information on safe level of Dried Pig Feces (DPF) on growth, histology and haematology of Clarias gariepinus.
Study Design: A twelve week feeding trial experiment was conducted using one hundred and fifty samples of C. gariepinus juveniles. The fish meal was replaced at different graded levels of DPF (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and was coded T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively.
Materials and Methods: Growth parameters, histology of vital organs and haematology of the fish samples were determined according to standard methods. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the means.
Results: The Mean Weight Gain (MWG) revealed a significant (P<0.05) value in T3 (69.40 g), while 100% inclusion exhibited lowest MWG (21.07%). The Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin and Red Blood Cell values obtained decreased with increase in DPF inclusions, while an increase was observed in T4 (26.50%). White Blood Cell count was significant (P<0.05) in T3 (16,150±2.07 g/l) and decreased in T4(15,800±1.01 g/l) and T5(12,650±0.85 g/l) respectively. Histological results confirmed the absence of lesions in the heart, gills and the intestine of fish samples. Lesions in the liver were severed in T4 and T5.
Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that 50% inclusion of DPF is the safe level for growth of C. gariepinus. Since the histological results revealed no lesions in all the vital organs, except the liver that had severe lesions, DPF can be recommended as an alternative feed ingredient.
Malaria Vector Abundance and the Incidence of Malaria Parasite amongst Students Living in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Hostels
Authors: Ezihe Ebuka Kingsley , Micheal Egbuche Chukwudi , Edith N. Nwankwo , Chikaodili Ukonze , Uche Anumba Joseph , Christian Umenzekwe Chukwudi , Emmanuel Ogudu Ogbonnia 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Malaria remains an important public health disease in both tropical and subtropical countries of Africa where transmission is mainly through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
Aim: The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite and the abundance of malaria vectors in and around the university hostels.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in some selected hostels of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, from the month of March to September, 2018.
Methodology: One hundred and fifty (150) students which volunteered from the selected hostels were tested for malaria parasite. Questionnaire on the frequency of clinical symptoms were distributed to these students. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected through pyrethrum spray-sheet collection (PSC).Larval sampling was carried out for the immature stages of mosquitoes.
Results: Of the students examined for malaria parasite, 135 (90%) showed positivity to the parasite. From the questionnaire distributed, 30 (20%) of the students were treated for malaria every 3months, 20(13.3%) every 6 months, 24 (16%) before resuming school, and 76(50.7%) only treated when they developed clinical malaria. Two hundred and two (202) mosquito larvae were collected from their breeding habitats during larval sampling and two hundred and four (204) adult mosquitoes of different species were collected indoors. However there was no significant difference between the number of rooms sampled and the number of mosquitoes collected at 5% level of significance (x2tab > x2cal; 9.488 >6.307).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the students living in the hostels were highly exposed to malaria infection and a host of other mosquito borne diseases. The abundance of Anopheles gambiae sensu lacto in the university environment and the high prevalence rate of malaria is an indication of continuous transmission in the area. Therefore re-echoed awareness campaigns on the danger of malaria infection and its prevention and control through personal and environmental management should be carried out to educate all students especially those who attended medical check-ups during registration.
Regulatory Impact of Concentration of Ownership on the Relationship between Directorate Performance and Auditing Fee
Authors: Valikhani Mashallah , Shakernejad Fatemeh 
Published: July 2019

Due to the high impact of concentration of ownership on the auditing fee the relationship between supervision on the directorate structure and auditing fees is dependent to concentration of ownership and concentration of ownership have a significant role in the relation between monitoring the directorate structure and audit fee and increase and a decrease of concentration of ownership influences the relationship board dimensions and audit fee strongly.
This study aims to investigate the impact of concentration of ownership on the relationship between institutional owners to the directorate independence and audit fee accepted companies in the Tehran stock market. In this study with using systematic removal method, a sample of 122 companies was accepted from listed companies in The Tehran stock market during the period from 2011 to 2016.
According to variables and theoretical fundamentals of research 3 hypothesis has been raised for the research and test of hypothesis were used to the method of relative economics. The result of the first to third hypothesis test showed that concentration of ownership moderates the relationship between the directorate and audit fee of listed companies in the Tehran stock market.
Drying Characteristics of Abelmoschus esculentus Thin Piece on Drying in a Fabricated Tunnel Dryer
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Singh L. P. , Singh A. K. 
Published: July 2019

For the storage of crops, various drying processes are used. It should be synthesized on the basis of drying time, product quality such as colour texture and the taste of the product when uses. To study the drying characteristics of Abelmoschus esculentus (bhindi) thin piece was performed for a temperature range of 38°C and 88°C and velocity of air is fixed at 1.1 m/s in the fabricated tunnel. For the investigation of drying, characteristics experiment was performed, the result was found, the drying rate was falling. The sample studied at 38°C was much good in colour texture and aroma than sample studied at 58°C to 88°C. The experimental data were used on different models proposed, by equating the determination coefficient , Mean Bias Error (MBE), decreased and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) measured along with investigated moisture ratio.
The Impact of Cost- driven Strategic Outsourcing on the Organizational Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Baba Hafiz 
Published: July 2019

The pivotal roles of the manufacturing sector in economic growth and sustainable development in both developed and developing countries have been documented in the literature. However, the highly competitive environment along with customers' demands for tailored products and services, has forced manufacturing companies, especially in Nigeria to experience slow growth. This study, therefore, seeks to determine the impact of cost drive outsourcing strategy on the organizational performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The questionnaires were administered among the one hundred and twenty (120) management staff members of the sixty selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria through a purposive sampling method, and this was done personally by the researcher. Linear regression was used to analyzed and interpret the data used in this research. The study reveals that cost-driven is a major strategy that helps an organization in achieving its stated objectives in the global competitive environment. The findings further show that cost-driven has a significant impact on the organizational performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study therefore, recommends that the management of manufacturing companies should adopt strategic and well thought out outsourcing partnerships in order to continuously reduce operating costs for growth.
Insights intoIn VitroImmunological Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Panchal Neelam , Gilmour Kimberly , Booth Claire 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCell‐mediated cytotoxicity is a critical response in maintaining and regulating good immune health by the highly selective removal of either virally infected or cancerous cells. There are multiple mechanisms that can be deployed by an effector cell with cytotoxic capabilities that are dependent on a number of factors such as immune context and target cell type. Insights into how, why and when an effector cell utilises a specific mode of action for target cell removal can be gained using a variety appropriatein vitroassays. In turn, data gathered from suchin vitrosystems can support recapitulation of physiological responses for development of novel therapeutic options.Key ConceptsT and NK cells mediated cytotoxicity is required for immune regulation and clearance of pathogen‐infected cells.Perforin, granzymes and death receptors are essential for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity.Development of accuratein vitroassays to study cytotoxicity can help further understand physiological immune responses.A betterin vitrorecapitulation of ADCC can be used to improve vaccines and vaccine responses.Cytotoxicityin vitroassays can also be used in a clinical setting to diagnose underlying Immunodeficiencies.