bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative‐Imaging of Citrate Layers on Gold Nanoparticles by Ligand‐Templated Metal Deposition: Revealing Surface Heterogeneity
Authors: Park Jong‐Won 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurface heterogeneity of a metal nanoparticle is typically regarded as boundary defects and various crystalline facets. While organic capping ligands of a single type are assumed to be homogeneously distributed on the nanoparticle surface, heterogeneous surface coverage of citrate molecules on individual facets of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is revealed. Pt metallic clusters with 2 nm in diameter, epitaxially grown on the surface of AuNPs by chemical reaction and imaged by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, are utilized as negative‐imaging probes for densely packed adlayers where the underneath gold surface may not be accessible for Pt deposition. At pH > 5.0, citrate anions form only a loosely packed layer. At pH 4.5, citrates and citric acids form both loosely packed and densely packed layers that appear phase separated, and the densely packed domain as small as 5 nm × 5 nm is likely composed of fully protonated citric acids. IR spectra indicate that citric acid binds to a surface Au adatom through the oxygen atom of the central hydroxyl group, and similarly, citrate anions bind to Au adatoms through the carboxylate oxygen atom. This study also reveals the role of Au adatom in the adsorption of citrate species on the metallic surface of AuNPs.
Unsuitability of indigenous South American Rutaceae as potential hosts of Diaphorina citri
Authors: de C Felisberto Patrícia A , Girardi Eduardo A , Peña Leandro , Felisberto Guilherme , Beattie George AC , Lopes Silvio A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is transmitted by Diaphorina citri, an insect with a wide range of hosts in Rutaceae. Species related to Citrus occur in Brazilian forests where they may serve as hosts for psyllids and infested citrus orchards.RESULTSThe suitability of plants as hosts of D. citri was classified into four groups. Group I (high suitability): Citrus × aurantium ‘Valencia’, ‘Citrus limonia’, Murraya paniculata (syn. Murraya exotica L.) (Aurantioideae: Aurantieae) and Bergera koenigii (Aurantioideae: Clauseneae). Group II (intermediate to low suitability): Citrus (Poncirus) trifoliata ‘Pomeroy’, Citrus wintersii, Swinglea glutinosa (Aurantieae) and Clausena lansium (Clauseneae). Group III (not suitable): Aegle marmelos, Atalantia buxifolia, Citrus (‘Microcitrus’) sp. (Aurantieae) and Helietta apiculata (Amyridoideae). Group IV (non‐hosts): Glycosmis pentaphylla (Clauseneae), Balfourodendron riedelianum, Casimiroa edulis, Esenbeckia febrifuga, Esenbeckia leiocarpa, Metrodorea stipularis, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Amyridoideae) and Dictyoloma vandellianum (Cneoroideae). Insects survived longer on newly differentiated leaves compared with fully expanded soft leaves. Psyllids either did not develop or did not survive for long on most Group IV species, all of which, with the exception of G. pentaphylla, occur naturally in Brazilian forests.CONCLUSIONCitrus relatives occurring in forests near citrus orchards are not suitable hosts of D. citri and, therefore, do not contribute to huanglongbing spread. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Employing broken symmetry effects from unrestricted coupled cluster wave function to determine dynamic and non‐dynamic electron correlation during triple bond breaking in the N2 molecule
Authors: Toboła Robert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe cluster structure of the singlet full symmetric component of the unrestricted Hartree‐Fock (UHF)‐based CCSD wave function describing the triple bond breaking in the nitrogen molecule has been subjected to a detailed analysis for the possibility of determining the dynamic and near‐degeneracy electron correlation. The results obtained show that the spin and symmetry contaminations are not responsible only for the appearance of the artificial hump in the potential energy curve (PEC) generated by the UHF‐based CCSD calculations. A theoretical analysis of this issue indicates that the UHF‐based CCSD wave function and its singlet full symmetric component have a multi‐reference structure. This form of the wave function allows to explain the mechanism for creating cluster contributions in the projected UHF‐based CCSD wave function, which also provides the opportunity to explain the cause of the hump in the nitrogen PEC generated by the UCCSDecCCSD method.
Identity of two types of strong Brønsted acid sites in mazzite revealed by CO probe: IR study and periodic DFT modeling
Authors: Rejmak Paweł , Datka Jerzy , Broclawik Ewa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe nature of catalytic Brønsted sites in mazzite is clarified by molecular modeling combined with spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory study for periodic models of high‐silica mazzite evidence that most stable bridging hydroxyls, noticeably binding CO probe, fall into two categories: Brønsted sites located in larger channels, characterized by higher OH frequency of bare hydroxyl with very large redshift upon CO interaction, and lower‐frequency sites located in smaller channels, showing lower redshift. This fully corresponds to two bands obtained for OH stretch in IR spectra. Very good agreement between theory and experiment found in this work not only confirms that Brønsted sites studied here belong to the strongest acid sites among known zeolites but also clarifies their identity in mazzite. Location of sites with exceptionally large red shift upon CO adsorption at 12‐T wide channel very well conforms to both intuitive expectations and predictions for other zeolites from former studies.
Rapid Growth Cone Uptake and Dynein‐Mediated Axonal Retrograde Transport of Negatively Charged Nanoparticles in Neurons Is Dependent on Size and Cell Type
Authors: Lesniak Anna , Kilinc Devrim , Blasiak Agata , Galea George , Simpson Jeremy C. , Lee Gil U. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are now used in numerous technologies and serve as carriers for several new classes of therapeutics. Studies of the distribution of NPs in vivo demonstrate that they can be transported through biological barriers and are concentrated in specific tissues. Here, transport behavior, and final destination of polystyrene NPs are reported in primary mouse cortical neurons and SH‐SY5Y cells, cultured in two‐compartmental microfluidic devices. In both cell types, negative polystyrene NPs (PS(−)) smaller than 100 nm are taken up by the axons, undergo axonal retrograde transport, and accumulate in the somata. Examination of NP transport reveals different transport mechanisms depending on the cell type, particle charge, and particle internalization by the lysosomes. In cortical neurons, PS(−) inside lysosomes and 40 nm positive polystyrene NPs undergo slow axonal transport, whereas PS(−) outside lysosomes undergo fast axonal transport. Inhibition of dynein in cortical neurons decreases the transport velocity and cause a dose‐dependent reduction in the number of accumulated PS(−), suggesting that the fast axonal transport is dynein mediated. These results show that the axonal retrograde transport of NPs depends on the endosomal pathway taken and establishes a means for screening nanoparticle‐based therapeutics for diseases that involve neurons.
Engineering challenges of intrafirm technology reuse
Authors: Corin Stig Daniel , Bergsjö Dag 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompanies derive additional value from technological investments by repeatedly applying them across different product lines in their portfolios. Technology reuse strategies have helped to increase efficiency in leveraging research and development investments, but the attempts to explain how to duplicate such results for technology reuse at the engineering level are missing. While there are synergetic effects to the reuse of technologies, there are also transaction costs that limit the benefits in practice. This paper presents a model, along with three examples, of technology reuse to help account for these transaction costs and mitigate the fallacy of perceiving technologies as reusable “off‐the‐shelf” elements.
Linking wastes and climate change: Bandwagoning, contention, and global governance
Authors: O'Neill Kate 
Published: December 2018

In the light of long‐standing waste activist involvement in global climate negotiations, and the waste industry's condemnation of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, this review examines the links between wastes and climate change as global problems. It describes the main technological and policy responses in utilizing waste and waste management to combat climate change—and the main sources of contention. Next, it scales up to the global level, demonstrating how waste‐climate linkages have entered the broader arena of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and associated agreements and organizations. This review incorporates the theoretical literature in the field of global environmental politics that can be brought to bear on this complex case. It focuses on the literature on linkages across issues and governance regimes, and work on climate “bandwagoning” (Jinnah, 2011)—strategic linkages whereby actors expand their mission to include climate‐oriented goals that might further their own agendas, looking at variants of this behavior that might explain the emerging relationships between global climate and global waste governance and politics.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Glutamine synthetase structure‐catalysis relationship—Recent advances and applications
Authors: dos Santos Moreira Cátia Daniela , Ramos Maria João Ribeiro Nunes , Fernandes Pedro Manuel Azevedo Alexandrino 
Published: December 2018

Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme that exists in every living organism. It is responsible for incorporating ammonium into glutamate, generating glutamine. Research on this enzyme has grown substantially over the last decades. The recent advances in the determination of its structure, through the crystallization of novel classes of glutamine synthetase with increased resolution, greatly contributed to a shift in the glutamine synthetase research from fundamental to more applied. Here, we explore the active sites of glutamine synthetases, review the structural and catalytic roles of their active sites' ions Mg2+s, combine the information gathered from recent computational studies dedicated to unravel their catalytic mechanisms with the hypothesis raised at the beginning of the XXI century based on experimental studies, glance at the development of competitive glutamine synthetase inhibitors, and highlight the high value of these enzymes to industry, namely in the fields of agriculture and medicine.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Self‐cleansing design of sewers: Definition of the optimum deposited bed thickness
Authors: Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh , Shirzad Akbar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSediment deposits may influence the performance of the sewer systems. Sediments are the main store of pollutants which causes sewer systems overflows. In order to prevent the deposition of sediment in sewer systems, self‐cleansing design criteria are used. Among various criteria, “self‐cleansing with deposited bed” criterion is found appropriate for designing of large sewers. Allowing small thickness of deposited bed in large sewers decreases the required channel bed slope and construction costs. This study presents a bed load self‐cleansing model established on wide ranges of experimental data. Comparison of developed model with the existing models in the literature shows its higher performance on variety of data sources. Examples for the application of the model are presented, and design graphs and charts for different pipe sizes are proposed. As a result, the optimum deposited bed thickness is found 1%–5% of the pipe diameter; however, 1% is recommended for sewer pipes design.Practitioner points

Nondeposition sediment transport condition with a bed deposit criterion is found appropriate for large sewer pipe design.

The precision of a model is linked to the ranges of experimental data and parameters used for the models development.

The optimum range of deposited bed thickness can be adopted in the range of 1% to 5% of the pipe diameter.
Power Struggles and Social Positioning: Culinary Appropriation and Anxiety in Colonial Vietnam
Authors: Peters Erica J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeters demonstrates that during the French colonial period in Vietnam, language about food revealed people’s anxieties about the changing social hierarchy. Contemporary advertisements, travel narratives, administrative reports, ethnographies, folktales, missionary correspondence, and newspaper editorials help illustrate how new food practices disrupted rigid social hierarchies, whether those hierarchies pre-dated the French arrival in Southeast Asia or emerged during the colonial period. Peters argues from this textual evidence that French people bore the most anxiety in the colonial environment: the French developed a cultural norm against eating local dishes, while other groups such as Chinese immigrants or the Vietnamese urban middle class appreciated opportunities to try previously unfamiliar foods. Generally, Peters argues that those aspiring to rise in society expressed more openness toward trying new ingredients and new dishes than those fearful of losing their social position.
Between Food Safety Concerns and Responsibilisation: Organic Food Consumption in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Faltmann Nora Katharina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter analyses the motives behind emerging organic food consumption in urban Vietnam. By outlining the influences on Vietnam’s organic sector through corporate and foreign aid actors and a governmental emphasis on productivity-oriented agriculture and overall food security, it provides a wider frame to understand the space in which consumers of organic food manoeuvre. Contemporary concerns over the health implications of food safety, regarded as the externalities of a modernising local agri-food system, appear as a strong motivator for buying organic food. Moreover, organic food consumption proved to be telling of wider insecurities regarding the responsibility between individuals, state and market in providing safe food. With organic food being a high-priced niche, eating safe becomes an issue of widening social inequality.
Urban Gardening and Rural-Urban Supply Chains: Reassessing Images of the Urban and the Rural in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Kurfürst Sandra 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter explores the sites of production of what consumers in Vietnam perceive to be clean and safe vegetables, that is, urban gardens in Hanoi and rural areas. Adhering to the historical continuity of home gardens, the chapter identifies a semantic shift of gardens from aesthetics to utility in the light of food anxiety. Furthermore, the chapter examines the terms of access to and social control over public and sacred spaces used for gardening. Apart from urban gardening, urbanites draw on personal networks of rural-urban food supply to ensure food safety. The chapter suggests that the rural emerges as a signifier of safe foods based on the prevailing image of the countryside in Vietnam as the place of intimate social relations and contact with nature.
Kongenitale Anomalien der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege (CA KUT)
Authors: Kosfeld Anne , Martens Helge , Hennies Imke , Haffner Dieter , Weber Ruthild G. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff CAKUT (Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract) bezeichnet diverse angeborene Fehlbildungen der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege. Da alle CAKUT-Phänotypen zusammengenommen etwa 15–30 % aller pränatal diagnostizierten Fehlbildungen ausmachen und etwa 40 % der Fälle mit terminalem Nierenversagen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen verursachen, sind diese Anomalien epidemiologisch hochrelevant. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt mit radiologischen Verfahren, insbesondere mit Ultraschall, wobei bei vielen Patienten eine Kombination verschiedener CAKUT-Phänotypen nachgewiesen wird. CAKUT tritt zu etwa 85 % sporadisch auf, zu etwa 15 % familiär. Das Vererbungsmuster ist häufig dominant, kann aber auch rezessiv sein. CAKUT kann isoliert auftreten, aber auch als Teil einer syndromalen Erkrankung. Variable Expressivität und inkomplette Penetranz sind bei CAKUT häufig. CAKUT ist genetisch sehr heterogen. Im Mausmodell wurden bislang über 180 CAKUT-assoziierte Gene beschrieben. Da Mutationen in den etwa 50 bisher bekannten humanen CAKUT-Genen nur ca. 20 % der CAKUT-Fälle erklären und sich verschiedene chromosomale Aberrationen wie Mikrodeletionen in weiteren ca. 15 % der Patienten insbesondere mit syndromalen CAKUT finden, sind exom-/genomweite Screeningverfahren für die Aufklärung genetischer CAKUT-Ursachen besonders geeignet. Bei sporadischen Fällen ist eine Trio-basierte Analyse der Exome/Genome von Patienten-Eltern-Trios zur Identifizierung von De-novo-Aberrationen und biallelischen Varianten vielversprechend. Eine Abklärung der genetischen Ursache ist für die Präzisierung von Wiederholungsrisiken sowie eine gezielte Untersuchung von CAKUT-Patienten im Hinblick auf extrarenale Phänotypen von klinischer Bedeutung.
Influence of Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncoprotein on Maturation and Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Vitro
Authors: Han Rui , Song Yin-Jing , Sun Si-Yuan , Zhou Qiang , Chen Xian-Zhen , Zheng Qiao-Li , Cheng Hao 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The major difficulties of human papillomavirus (HPV) treatment are its persistence and recurrence. The HPV E7 oncoprotein-loaded dendritic cells have been evaluated as cellular vaccine in previous reports. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an essential role of connecting the innate immune response and adaptive immune response in the immune system. But they function in HPV E7 loading is unclear. To investigate whether loading of the HPV type 6b, 11, and 16 E7 proteins affects the activity of pDCs, human peripheral blood-separated pDCs and mouse bone marrow-derived pDCs were pulsed with the HPV E7 proteins. The expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II were significantly upregulated in pDCs upon HPV 6b/11 E7 protein pulse. The secretion and gene expression of type I IFN and IL-6 were both upregulated by HPV 6b/11 E7 proteins, more significant than HPV 16 E7 protein. The expression of essential factors of TLR signaling pathway and JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway were all increased in HPV 6b/11 E7 proteins pulsed pDCs. Our results suggest that HPV E7 proteins could promote the differentiation and maturation of pDCs and activate the TLR and MAPK pathway to induce host innate immune response. It might be conducive to explore novel immunotherapy targeting HPV infection with HPV E7 loaded pDC.
Divergent Primary Immune Responses Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 gp120 and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Determine Antibody Recall Responses
Authors: Yuan Li , Chen Wen-Jiang , Wang Jia-Ye , Li Yan , Tian Dan , Wang Ming-Xia , Yu Hao-Tong , Xu Ying-Chu , Li Di , Zhuang Min , Ling Hong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of a vaccine based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) that elicits potent protective antibodies against infection has been challenging. Recently, we compared the antibody production patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) to provide insights into how we may improve the protective efficacy of Env-based immunogens. Our previous study showed that HIV Env and HBsAg display different mechanisms of antibody elicitation and that T cells facilitate the responses to repeated immunizations. Here, to elucidate the detailed roles of primary immunization in immune memory response formation and antibody production, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with each antigen and evaluated the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal centers, and the memory responses involved in prime and boost immunizations. We found that after prime immunization, compared with HBsAg, gp120 induced higher frequencies of Tfh cells and programmed death (PD)-1+T cells, greater major histocompatibility complex II expression on B cells, comparable activated B cells, but weaker germinal center (GC) reactions and memory B cell responses in the draining lymph nodes, accompanied by slower antibody recall responses and poor immune memory responses. The above results suggested that more PD-1+T cells arising in primary immunization may serve as major contributors to the slow antibody recall response elicited by HIV-1 Env.
Pharmacodynamics simulation of HOEC by a computational model of arachidonic acid metabolic network
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Xia , Li Kenan , Liu Yuanru , Liu Ying , Wang Rui , Li Honglin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundArachidonic acid (AA) metabolic network is activated in the most inflammatory related diseases, and small‐molecular drugs targeting AA network are increasingly available. However, side effects of above mentioned drugs have always been the biggest obstacle. (+)‐2‐(1‐hydroxyl‐4‐oxocyclohexyl) ethyl caffeate (HOEC), a natural product acted as an inhibitor of 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) and 15‐LOX in vitro, exhibited weaker therapeutic effect in high dose than that in low dose to collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In this study, we tried to elucidate the potential regulatory mechanism by using quantitative pharmacology.MethodsFirst, we generated an experimental data set by monitoring the dynamics of AA metabolites’ concentration in A23187 stimulated and different doses of HOEC co‐incubated RAW264.7. Then we constructed a dynamic model of A23187‐stimulated AA metabolic model to evaluate how a model‐based simulation of AA metabolic data assists to find the most suitable treatment dose by predicting the pharmacodynamics of HOEC.ResultsCompared to the experimental data, the model could simulate the inhibitory effect of HOEC on 5‐LOX and 15‐LOX, and reproduced the increase of the metabolic flux in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. However, a concomitant, early‐stage of stimulation‐related decrease of prostaglandins (PGs) production in HOEC incubated RAW264.7 cells was not simulated in the model.ConclusionUsing the model, we predict that higher dose of HOEC disrupts the flux balance in COX and LOX of the AA network, and increased COX flux can interfere the curative effects of LOX inhibitor on resolution of inflammation which is crucial for the efficient and safe drug design.