bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Aortobiilliofemoral Endarterectomy for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease Is a Compelling Alternative to Bypass
Authors: Theriot Jared M. , Feldman Zach M. , Korayem Adam H. , Chander Rajiv K. , Finlay David J. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Aortobifemoral bypass is a time-honored, durable surgery allowing restoration of lower extremity blood. However, the potential for significant complications exists, impacting mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Minimally invasive aortobiiliofemoral endarterectomy offers an alternative to prosthetic bypass and its associated complications. Here, we present a case series using remote endarterectomy for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Methods: Nine patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease were treated at a single institution, by a single surgeon, with direct and remote endarterectomy combination. Standard femoral access approach was used. A limited longitudinal distal aorta arteriotomy into the right common iliac artery to the hypogastric bifurcation was made. Then, an open thromboendarterectomy was performed. Circumferential common femoral endarterectomies were performed bilaterally and the plaque transected, allowing manually controlled Vollmar ring passage proximally to the iliac bifurcation on the right and the aortic bifurcation on the left. Aortoiliac arteriotomy was closed, followed by the femoral arteriotomies. Morbidity, secondary interventions, recurrent stenosis (adjacent segment velocity ratios ≥2), ankle–brachial index (ABI), and patency rates were tracked postoperatively for 6 years. Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis was used to determine patency rates per the criteria of SVS and ISCS. Results: The average age was 59.1 years (54-87 years), and 88% were male. Comorbidities included hypertension (75%), former/current smokers (100%), and prior PAD surgical intervention (38%). Revascularization of 100% was achieved, with average ABI improving from 0.42 preoperatively to 0.92 postoperatively (0.91 at 8-month follow-up). Six-year patency rate was 100% without reintervention. Incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, death, amputation, intestinal ischemia, sexual dysfunction, and aneurysmal degeneration was zero after 6 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Minimally invasive aortobiiliofemoral endarterectomy is a viable alternative to aortobifemoral bypass for the treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease, allowing reestablishment of normal anatomic anatomy while avoiding the use of prosthetic material. Patency rates in this series was 100% at 6 years, with minimal postoperative complications or morbidity.
Bioactive Nano-Composite Multifilament Yarns
Authors: Yazdanshenas Mohammad Esmail , Damerchely Rogheih , Rashidi Abo Saied , Khajavi Ramin 
Published: November 2018

Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of nylon 6 (polycaprolactam) doped with different amounts of silver nanoparticles were investigated in this study. Two series of filament yarns counts (20 and 70 Denier) were produced by melt spinning method with different amounts of silver nanoparticles contents (0, 0.5, 1 and 4 wt%). Elemental analysis of silver and titanium dioxide (present in polymer as delustering agent) was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. Tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the yarns. Antimicrobial activities were quantitatively evaluated against Escherichia Coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus Aureus (gram-positive) bacteria. The doped nylon 6 fibers showed a well dispersed distribution of silver nanoparticles. Yarns with 0.5–1.0 wt% of silver nanoparticle content were found to have improved physical and mechanical properties, as well as, significant antimicrobial activity.
Statistical Analysis of Surface Roughness Parameters for Weft Knitted Fabrics Measured by the Textile Surface Tester (TST)
Authors: Maâtoug Najeh , Sahnoun Mehdi , Sakli Faouzi 
Published: November 2018

The present paper concerns the statistical analysis of the surface roughness evaluation of knitted fabrics by the Textile Surface Tester. The main objectives were, firstly, focused on investigating the effect of knitted fabrics structural factors and the test conditions on the surface absolute roughness, the total roughness and the standard deviation. Secondly, the relationship between sample characteristics (face, yarn count, loop length), the test conditions (the force and the slipping speed of the sensor feeler on the sample and signal sampling time), and the surface roughness parameters were analyzed and modeled through regression analysis. The combined effects of the input parameters and their two-way interactions on the test bench outputs were investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The percent contribution ratio was used to show the influence of inputs and their interactions on surface roughness parameters. The results show how much surface roughness is mainly influenced by the knits structural factors. Also, it is underlined that the applied force by the sensor feeler on the fabric has an important effect on outputs. Finally, the sensor slipping speed on the sample and the signal sampling time have no important effects on outputs. Models were developed using experimental results from a full factorial experimental design. The adjusted coefficients of determination R2adj were found to be greater than 80%.
The Comfort Properties of the Terry Towels Made of Cotton and Polypropylene Yarns
Authors: Durur Güngör , Öner Eren 
Published: November 2018

Studies of woven fabric comfort properties have aroused the interest of researchers in recent years. Although studies on the structures of woven terry fabrics are rather limited, the study of the comfort properties these fabrics will reveal new approaches regarding the subject. The terry-structured fabrics, used in bathroom, pool, sea, sauna and Turkish bath, hold an important place in people's personal lives as end-products. The methods of identifying and improving the comfort properties of the terry-woven fabric structure are discussed in this study. In the process of sample production, the towels were made on a loom and standard finishing techniques were applied. Cotton and polypropylene yarns were used in this study, and the properties of woven towel fabrics with alternative weaving constructions were measured and analyzed. The comfort parameters of the gray and finished fabrics such as air-permeability, velocity of water absorption, and vapor permeability were measured under standard laboratory conditions and the obtained data were evaluated statistically. At the end of the experimental studies, the data from the terry fabrics which were made of different yarns and different structures were evaluated in order to identify the fabric and yarn parameters which will lead to the best comfort. The experimental results show that the use of the polypropylene fibers for the yarns in high-pile fabrics and the use of the cotton yarn in ground yarns have tend to provide the best comfort.
A Review of Mine Rescue Ensembles for Underground Coal Mining in the United States
Authors: Kilinc F. Selcen , Monaghan William D. , Powell Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2018

The mining industry is among the top ten industries nationwide with high occupational injury and fatality rates, and mine rescue response may be considered one of the most hazardous activities in mining operations. In the aftermath of an underground mine fire, explosion or water inundation, specially equipped and trained teams have been sent underground to fight fires, rescue entrapped miners, test atmospheric conditions, investigate the causes of the disaster, or recover the dead. Special personal protective ensembles are used by the team members to improve the protection of rescuers against the hazards of mine rescue and recovery. Personal protective ensembles used by mine rescue teams consist of helmet, cap lamp, hood, gloves, protective clothing, boots, kneepads, facemask, breathing apparatus, belt, and suspenders. While improved technology such as wireless warning and communication systems, lifeline pulleys, and lighted vests have been developed for mine rescuers over the last 100 years, recent research in this area of personal protective ensembles has been minimal due to the trending of reduced exposure of rescue workers. In recent years, the exposure of mine rescue teams to hazardous situations has been changing. However, it is vital that members of the teams have the capability and proper protection to immediately respond to a wide range of hazardous situations. Currently, there are no minimum requirements, best practice documents, or nationally recognized consensus standards for protective clothing used by mine rescue teams in the United States (U.S.). The following review provides a summary of potential issues that can be addressed by rescue teams and industry to improve potential exposures to rescue team members should a disaster situation occur. However, the continued trending in the mining industry toward non-exposure to potential hazards for rescue workers should continue to be the primary goal. To assist in continuing this trend, the mining industry and regulatory agencies have been more restrictive by requiring additional post disaster information regarding atmospheric conditions and other hazards before exposing rescue workers and others in the aftermath of a mine disaster. In light of some of the more recent mine rescuer fatalities such as the Crandall Canyon Mine and Jim Walters Resources in the past years, the direction of reducing exposure is preferred. This review provides a historical perspective on ensembles used during mine rescue operations and summarizes environmental hazards, critical elements of mine rescue ensembles, and key problems with these elements. This study also identifies domains for improved mine rescue ensembles. Furthermore, field observations from several coal mine rescue teams were added to provide the information on the currently used mine rescue ensembles in the U.S.
Investigation of the Two-Bar Warp-Knitted Fabric Structure Effect on Luster Value
Authors: Ajeli Saeed , Ahmadvand Zoleykhah 
Published: November 2018

Consumer points of view determine economical value of fabrics. Fabric luster plays a momentous role in attracting people's attention, especially for clothing and domestic purposes. Luster is defined by intensity of both specular and diffuse light reflection off of a surface. There are various methods for measuring surface luster. Gloss. Luster is described as the ratio of specular reflection in one angle to diffuse reflection in another angle. Two-bar warp knitted polyester fabrics such as Tricot, Locknit, Satin, reverse Locknit and Sharkskin in three different densities were provided. A mini gloss apparatus was applied to measure fabric specular reflection in the angle of sixty degrees, before and after disperse dying with different colors of white, blue and yellow. Results suggest that luster is a function of knitted fabric type, color and density. Enhancement of technical back luster resulted from longer underlap of the front bar. However, it did not change the technical face luster significantly. Density increased in all knitted fabrics and caused the luster to decrease. Dark color fabrics showed lower luster compared to light ones.
Thermo-physiological Comfort Properties of Polyester and Polyester/Acrylic blended Synthetic Fabrics treated with Herbal Finishes
Authors: Govindachetty Gunasekaran , Sidhan Periyasamy , Venkatraman Koushik C. 
Published: November 2018

Thermo-physiological comfort in clothing mainly lies in moisture management, which often refers to the transport of both moisture vapor and liquid away from the body. Moisture management of fabrics is chiefly influenced by the thermal properties of those fabrics. In spite of the convincing properties that synthetic fabrics have, they are not much preferred because of their hydrophobic nature which provides less comfort to the wearer compared to the natural fabrics like cotton, wool, and silk. Previous studies report that the herbal finishes, which are eco-friendly in nature, improve the anti-microbial and other medicinal properties but very little or no work has been carried out on the comfort aspect of these fabrics. This work reports a study of the influence of two ecofriendly herbal finishes, Neem and Bermuda grass, on the thermo-physiological comfort properties of synthetic fabrics used in clothing. The herbal finishes were applied on to 100% Polyester and 50/50 Polyester/Acrylic blended fabrics. Prior to the application of finishes, the fabrics were given a pretreatment to achieve a better penetration and durability of the finishes. The finished fabrics were tested for the thermo-physiological comfort properties of Wicking, Water vapor permeability, and Thermal conductivity and the results were analyzed. It was revealed that both the Neem and Bermuda grass natural finishes considerably improved the moisture related properties and moderately reduced the thermal conductivity characteristics of the above synthetic fabrics. Durability to washing was also tested and discussed.
Mechanical Behavior of Regular Twill Weave Structures; Part I: 3D Meso-Scale Geometrical Modelling
Authors: Avanaki Mostafa Jamshidi , Jeddi Ali Asghar Asgharian 
Published: November 2018

The mechanical behavior of fabrics with different configurations has been investigated in many works by various approaches including the force equilibrium or energy methods. However, representing a suitable geometrical model for fabric structure is prerequisite to apply these approaches. This paper introduces an analytic 3D meso-scale geometrical modelling of regular twill weaves, in terms of a few structural parameters in 2D biaxial orthogonal woven fabrics. The model is proposed for the fabrics in their fully relaxed state considering their inherent skewness. For this purpose, a three dimensional structure is used to show this phenomenon. In this model, the yarns cross-section is assumed to be circular and the yarns path is assumed to be straight line (saw-tooth) in the unit cell which leads to the results that are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. These assumptions will be helpful in finding a close form solution for the mechanical behavior of woven structures. The proposed model has been verified by comparing its output with some experimental data for its areal mass and thickness in 2/2 twill fabric as a case study. By applying this model, the geometrical structural parameters such as skewness and weave angles as well as their total consumed yarns can be predicted theoretically. This model is a framework which will be used for estimating the initial deformation behavior of regular twill woven structures under uniaxial tensile loads in our forthcoming works.
Investigation of the Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carded and Needle Bonded Nonwoven Fabrics Produced at Different Ratios with Conductive Steel Fibers
Authors: Özen Mustafa Sabri 
Published: November 2018

The number of electrical and electronic devices in our daily life has increased. The devices produce electromagnetic waves which harm human and environments. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the reduction and control of electromagnetic waves. The paper focuses on shielding of electromagnetic waves of nonwoven fabrics produced with needle punching technology from conductive stainless steel fibers. The needle punched nonwoven fabrics were produced with carding and needle punching technology by blending stainless steel fibers and normal staple polyester fibers at different ratios for electromagnetic shielding applications. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the nonwoven fabrics with conductive stainless steel fibers was tested. After blending of stainless steel fibers and normal polyester fibers, the webs were formed by a wool-type carding machine and the after web folding operation, the webs were bonded by needle punching at constant working parameters. During production, the needle punch densities per cm2 and needle penetration depth per mm were kept constant. Bulky needle punched nonwoven fabrics with low needling density were produced. The main objective of our research was to develop the nonwoven fabric for shielding against electromagnetic waves. In addition, the effect of the stainless steel fiber ratio used in the needle punched nonwoven fabrics on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was investigated. After production, the thicknesses of the needle punched nonwoven fabrics were tested. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, reflection and absorption values of the needle punched nonwoven fabric samples were measured at the frequency range of 15-3000MHz and presented in table and graphics. As the ratio of stainless steel fibers used in the nonwoven fabric increased, Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values (EMSE) were increased in a linear manner and obtained results were discussed. It was found that the electromagnetic waves were shielded about 90% at high frequencies, 85% at medium frequencies, and 80% at low frequencies by needle punched nonwoven fabric with 5% conductive stainless steel fiber. The EMSE values such as 20dB, 25dB and 45dB were obtained at low frequency ranges (0–300MHz and 25dB, medium frequency ranges, 300-1200MHz and 45dB, and high frequency ranges, 1200-3000MHz) with the needle punched nonwoven fabric containing 25% conductive stainless steel fiber.
Breathable, Antistatic and Superhydrophobic PET/Lyocell Fabric
Authors: Kwon Seong Ok , Park Chung Hee , Kim Jooyoun 
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to develop a breathable and antistatic superhydrophobic PET/lyocell fabric by simple finishing with polymeric fluorocarbon siloxane. To find an optimum concentration of the finish agent, four different concentrations of fluorocarbon finish agent were applied on three different types of fabrics; lyocell 100%, PET 100%, and PET/lyocell blend (50%/50%). Static water contact angle (WCA), shedding angle, and water repellency tests were measured to evaluate the wettability and hydrophobicity of treated fabrics. A PET/lyocell blend fabric treated with 40 g/L fluorocarbon finish agent exhibited superhydrophobic characteristics with WCA of 153.6° and shedding angle of 9.5° resulting from its lowed surface energy and multi-scale roughness. The effects of fluorocarbon finish on fabric moisture regain, electrostatic property, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and air permeability were evaluated as parameters for clothing comfort. PET/lyocell blend fabric treated with fluorocarbon exhibited significantly lower static electricity and higher moisture regain than the treated PET fabric. WVTR and air permeability were maintained after the finish. The blended fabric achieved noteworthy combination of antistatic and superhydrophobic properties. The functionality of finished PET and PET/lyocell fabrics, measured by WCA, shedding angle, and water repellency rate, was maintained until 10 washing cycles.
Impact of Pre-Finishing Process on Comfort Characteristics of Stretchable Cotton Fabric
Authors: Gorjanc Dunja Sajn , Bizjak Matejka 
Published: November 2018

The comfort characteristics of fabrics (especially thermal insulation and permeability properties) are closely associated with the changes in their structural parameters. The reaction of a stretchable fabric, either after the finishing process or after a mechanical deformation, is higher than the reaction of conventional fabrics. The reaction after the finishing process is usually expressed in terms of density, thickness or mass increase, and in dimensional changes. The structural changes influence thermal insulation and water vapor permeability properties, which are the most important properties associated with the comfort of textiles. This paper focuses on the impact of the pre-finishing process on the comfort characteristics of pure cotton fabrics and of cotton fabrics with elastane in the weft direction in plain and twill weave. The results indicate that after the pre-finishing process (scouring/bleaching) for the analyzed fabrics, water vapor resistance and thermal resistance decrease. These decreases occur due to the structural changes inside the fabrics (warp yarn density and mass increase, whereas thickness decreases).
Evaluation of the Filtration Performance of Biocide Loaded Filter Media
Authors: Davis Wayne T. , Phillips B. Alan , Dever Maureen , Montie Thomas C. , Kelly-Wintenberg Kimberly , Macnaughton Sarah 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of a study designed to evaluate the filtration performance of nonwoven filtration media which have been loaded with a variety of biocides for use as potential indoor air filters. A test stand was constructed based on a modification of the ASTM 1215 Standard to provide testing of the bacterial removal efficiency of the filtration media. Biocide-loaded filtration media were first tested on an ASTM 1215 test stand using standard monodispersed latex spheres to determine the particle removal efficiency as a function of particle sizes in the 0.5 to 2.0 micrometer sizes. A multichannel optical particle counter was used to assess the efficiency. Additional samples of the same media were then tested in the modified ASTM 1215 test stand, referred to as the Biocontaminant Indoor Air Quality Test Stand (BIAQTS) by atomizing bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungi into the test stand. Initial bacterial testing was conducted using single-stage microbial samplers to determine the efficiency of filters for removing Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria and other bacteria. In addition to testing the filtration efficiency, additional tests were conducted on samples of the filter by placing small disk samples of the unexposed biocide-loaded filters and a non-loaded control filter onto microorganism-loaded agar in petri dishes. Microorganisms studied included four bacteria, a fungus, and an opportunistic pathogen. The samples were then incubated and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the zone of inhibited growth of the microorganisms around the disks due to the biocide treatments which were applied to the filters. The results are presented for two of a series of biocide-loaded nonwoven filters which were prepared using two different techniques for loading the biocides: 1) nonwoven filters which were prepared by mixing the biocide with the polypropylene polymer prior to meltblowing the polymer into a filter - referred to as impregnated biocide, and 2) spray application of the biocides as a finish onto the filter media–referred to as post treatment. The effects of impregnated versus post treatment applications on filtration efficiency and on the inhibition of bacterial growth on the filters are presented.