bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short‐Lived Substances
Authors: Hossaini Ryan , Atlas Elliot , Dhomse Sandip S. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Bernath Peter F. , Fernando Anton M. , Mühle Jens , Leeson Amber A. , Montzka Stephen A. , Feng Wuhu , Harrison Jeremy J. , Krummel Paul , Vollmer Martin K. , Reimann Stefan , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor , Lunder Chris R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVery short‐lived substances (VSLS), including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), perchloroethylene (C2Cl4), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2), are a stratospheric chlorine source and therefore contribute to ozone depletion. We quantify stratospheric chlorine trends from these VSLS (VSLCltot) using a chemical transport model and atmospheric measurements, including novel high‐altitude aircraft data from the NASA VIRGAS (2015) and POSIDON (2016) missions. We estimate VSLCltot increased from 69 (±14) parts per trillion (ppt) Cl in 2000 to 111 (±22) ppt Cl in 2017, with >80% delivered to the stratosphere through source gas injection, and the remainder from product gases. The modeled evolution of chlorine source gas injection agrees well with historical aircraft data, which corroborate reported surface CH2Cl2 increases since the mid‐2000s. The relative contribution of VSLS to total stratospheric chlorine increased from ~2% in 2000 to ~3.4% in 2017, reflecting both VSLS growth and decreases in long‐lived halocarbons. We derive a mean VSLCltot growth rate of 3.8 (±0.3) ppt Cl/year between 2004 and 2017, though year‐to‐year growth rates are variable and were small or negative in the period 2015–2017. Whether this is a transient effect, or longer‐term stabilization, requires monitoring. In the upper stratosphere, the modeled rate of HCl decline (2004–2017) is −5.2% per decade with VSLS included, in good agreement to ACE satellite data (−4.8% per decade), and 15% slower than a model simulation without VSLS. Thus, VSLS have offset a portion of stratospheric chlorine reductions since the mid‐2000s.
The association between midlife serum high-density lipoprotein and mild cognitive impairment and dementia after 19 years of follow-up
Authors: Svensson Thomas , Sawada Norie , Mimura Masaru , Nozaki Shoko , Shikimoto Ryo , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA third of dementia cases could be attributable to modifiable risk-factors. Midlife high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a measure which could help identify individuals at reduced risk of developing age-related cognitive decline. The Japan Public Health Centre-based prospective (JPHC) Study is a large population-based cohort which started in 1990. This study included 1299 participants from Saku area in Nagano prefecture. Participants had HDL-C measured in 1995–1996, and underwent a mental health screening in 2014–2015. Of these, 1114 participants were included in MCI analyses, and 781 participants were included in dementia analyses. Logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between HDL-C quartiles and MCI and dementia, respectively. For dementia analysis, quartiles 2–4 were collapsed due to low number of cases. Missing data was addressed through multiple imputations. There were 386 cases of MCI and 53 cases of dementia. Compared to the lowest HDL-C quartile, the highest HDL-C quartile was significantly inversely associated with MCI (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.28–0.79) in the multivariable analysis. High HDL-C (quartiles 2–4) was inversely associated with dementia compared to low HDL-C (quartile 1) (OR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.16–0.88). This study has found that high midlife HDL-C levels are inversely associated with both late-life MCI and dementia in a Japanese population.
Direct conversion of pig fibroblasts to chondrocyte-like cells by c-Myc
Authors: Shi Jun-Wen , Zhang Ting-Ting , Liu Wei , Yang Jie , Lin Xiao-Lin , Jia Jun-Shuang , Shen Hong-Fen , Wang Sheng-Chun , Li Jing , Zhao Wen-Tao , Gu Wei-Wang , Sun Yan , Xiao Dong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnexpectedly, we found that c-Myc-expressing porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) subcutaneously implanted into nude mice formed cartilage-like tissues in vivo, while previous studies revealed the direct conversion of mouse and human somatic cells into chondrocytes by the combined use of several defined factors, including c-Myc, which prompted us to explore whether PEFs can be reprogrammed to become pig induced chondrocyte-like cells (piCLCs) via ectopic expression of c-Myc alone. In this study, c-Myc-expressing PEFs, designated piCLCs, which exhibited a significantly enhanced proliferation ability in vitro, displayed a chondrogenic phenotypes in vitro, as shown by the cell morphology, toluidine blue staining, alcian blue staining and chondrocyte marker gene expression. Additionally, piCLCs with a polygonal chondrocyte-like morphology were readily and efficiently converted from PEFs by enforced c-Myc expression within 10 days, while piCLCs maintained the chondrocytic phenotype and normal karyotype during long-term subculture. piCLC-derived single clones with a chondrogenic phenotype in vitro exhibited homogeneity in cell morphology and staining intensity compared with mixed piCLCs. Although the mixtures of cartilaginous tissues and tumorous tissues accounted for ~12% (6/51) of all xenografts (51), piCLCs generated stable, homogenous, hyaline cartilage-like tissues without tumour formation at 45 out of the 51 injected sites when subcutaneously injected into nude mice. The hyaline cartilage-like tissues remained for at least 16 weeks. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time the direct induction of chondrocyte-like cells from PEFs with only c-Myc.
Electron correlation driven non-adiabatic relaxation in molecules excited by an ultrashort extreme ultraviolet pulse
Authors: Marciniak A. , Despré V. , Loriot V. , Karras G. , Hervé M. , Quintard L. , Catoire F. , Joblin C. , Constant E. , Kuleff A. I. , Lépine F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe many-body quantum nature of molecules determines their static and dynamic properties, but remains the main obstacle in their accurate description. Ultrashort extreme ultraviolet pulses offer a means to reveal molecular dynamics at ultrashort timescales. Here, we report the use of time-resolved electron-momentum imaging combined with extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses to study highly excited organic molecules. We measure relaxation timescales that increase with the state energy. High-level quantum calculations show these dynamics are intrinsic to the time-dependent many-body molecular wavefunction, in which multi-electronic and non-Born−Oppenheimer effects are fully entangled. Hints of coherent vibronic dynamics, which persist despite the molecular complexity and high-energy excitation, are also observed. These results offer opportunities to understand the molecular dynamics of highly excited species involved in radiation damage and astrochemistry, and the role of quantum mechanical effects in these contexts.
Earthquake lubrication and healing explained by amorphous nanosilica
Authors: Rowe Christie D. , Lamothe Kelsey , Rempe Marieke , Andrews Mark , Mitchell Thomas M. , Di Toro Giulio , White Joseph Clancy , Aretusini Stefano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring earthquake propagation, geologic faults lose their strength, then strengthen as slip slows and stops. Many slip-weakening mechanisms are active in the upper-mid crust, but healing is not always well-explained. Here we show that the distinct structure and rate-dependent properties of amorphous nanopowder (not silica gel) formed by grinding of quartz can cause extreme strength loss at high slip rates. We propose a weakening and related strengthening mechanism that may act throughout the quartz-bearing continental crust. The action of two slip rate-dependent mechanisms offers a plausible explanation for the observed weakening: thermally-enhanced plasticity, and particulate flow aided by hydrodynamic lubrication. Rapid cooling of the particles causes rapid strengthening, and inter-particle bonds form at longer timescales. The timescales of these two processes correspond to the timescales of post-seismic healing observed in earthquakes. In natural faults, this nanopowder crystallizes to quartz over 10s–100s years, leaving veins which may be indistinguishable from common quartz veins.
The effect of publishing peer review reports on referee behavior in five scholarly journals
Authors: Bravo Giangiacomo , Grimaldo Francisco , López-Iñesta Emilia , Mehmani Bahar , Squazzoni Flaminio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo increase transparency in science, some scholarly journals are publishing peer review reports. But it is unclear how this practice affects the peer review process. Here, we examine the effect of publishing peer review reports on referee behavior in five scholarly journals involved in a pilot study at Elsevier. By considering 9,220 submissions and 18,525 reviews from 2010 to 2017, we measured changes both before and during the pilot and found that publishing reports did not significantly compromise referees’ willingness to review, recommendations, or turn-around times. Younger and non-academic scholars were more willing to accept to review and provided more positive and objective recommendations. Male referees tended to write more constructive reports during the pilot. Only 8.1% of referees agreed to reveal their identity in the published report. These findings suggest that open peer review does not compromise the process, at least when referees are able to protect their anonymity.
A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats
Authors: Ferreira Julio C. B. , Campos Juliane C. , Qvit Nir , Qi Xin , Bozi Luiz H. M. , Bechara Luiz R. G. , Lima Vanessa M. , Queliconi Bruno B. , Disatnik Marie-Helene , Dourado Paulo M. M. , Kowaltowski Alicia J. , Mochly-Rosen Daria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that beta II protein kinase C (βIIPKC) activity is elevated in failing hearts and contributes to this pathology. Here we report that βIIPKC accumulates on the mitochondrial outer membrane and phosphorylates mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) at serine 86. Mfn1 phosphorylation results in partial loss of its GTPase activity and in a buildup of fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria in heart failure. βIIPKC siRNA or a βIIPKC inhibitor mitigates mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. We confirm that Mfn1-βIIPKC interaction alone is critical in inhibiting mitochondrial function and cardiac myocyte viability using SAMβA, a rationally-designed peptide that selectively antagonizes Mfn1-βIIPKC association. SAMβA treatment protects cultured neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes, but not Mfn1 knockout cells, from stress-induced death. Importantly, SAMβA treatment re-establishes mitochondrial morphology and function and improves cardiac contractility in rats with heart failure, suggesting that SAMβA may be a potential treatment for patients with heart failure.
Spring EngAGEment: An Interprofessional Collaboration to Enhance Community Interaction and University Education
Authors: Abbott-Anderson Kristen , Chiou Hsinhuei Sheen , Burk Brooke N. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Interprofessional education and practices are increasingly recognized as vital to addressing complex health needs, including individuals living with Alzheimer's disease or other associated dementias (AD/OAD). An innovative approach to meet this need is to create a meaningful engagement experience, Spring EngAGEment, following a multidisciplinary patient-centered model to serve individuals with AD/OAD and their care partners in the community and to offer new interprofessional collaboration opportunities for college students and faculty across disciplines in nursing, recreation, and speech-language pathology. The Spring EngAGEment program was developed by lead undergraduate students in an outcome-based program planning course from the Department of Recreation, Parks & Leisure Services and implemented by student volunteers and faculty across the disciplines with ongoing mentorship from the author team and feedback from the local ACT on Alzheimer's team. The program offered community resource booths, gardening, music therapy, and physical activity education as a way to inform individuals with AD/OAD and their care partners on available community resources, increase their mental outlook, and help reduce their isolation and stress.

Conclusions
This interprofessional practice/interprofessional education experience not only allowed college students to facilitate collaboration with future health care professionals from a variety of disciplines but also provided the participants living with AD/OAD and their care partners with new ideas and strategies to help adjust to their life changes. Program outcomes from event participants with AD/OAD and student volunteers were reported. Lessons identified by the author team are discussed.
Linear precoder design for base station energy cooperation in DC microgrids
Authors: Islam Shama Naz , Mahmud Md Apel , Saha Sajeeb , Haque Md Enamul 
Published: January 2019

In this study, the energy data transfer problem in a DC microgrid with multiple renewable powered base stations (BSs) is considered. These BSs can share the renewable generation among each other. The energy cooperation is optimised by the control unit. For effective energy cooperation, energy data needs to be transferred from BSs to the control unit with low latency and high reliability. For cellular enabled microgrid communication, the energy data exchange and cellular communication both use the same communication resources. Thus, there will be interference at the control unit and cellular user (CU), which degrades the reliability of energy data transfer. To solve this problem, a linear precoding technique is designed to minimise the mean square error of the desired messages at the control unit, BSs, and CU while the interferences are kept at a predefined level. For the designed precoders, the expressions of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio are formulated and the error performance is analysed. Numerical simulation has been performed to compare the considered precoding technique with other precoding techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that optimum precoding can improve the error performance at the control unit, BSs, and CU by 1, 5, and 3 dB, respectively.
Spiroergometrie – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Semper Hannes , Kühnelt Paul , Seipp Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is a non-invasive simultaneous measurement of the cardiovascular and respiratory system during exercise to assess a patient’s exercise capacity.It is used in a wide spectrum of clinical applications for the objective determination of functional capacity and impairment. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing involves measurements of respiratory oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and other cardiopulmonary and metabolic measures during a symptom‐limited exercise test.This article gives an overview of indications and contraindications and explains step by step how cardiopulmonary exercise testing is being performed.
Ungedeckter medizinischer Versorgungsbedarf in Deutschland: Ergebnisse im EU-SILC-Survey 2005 bis 2014
Authors: Hollederer Alfons , Wildner Manfred 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der ungedeckte medizinische Bedarf ist ein wichtiger Indikator für die Qualitätsbeurteilung eines Gesundheitssystems.
Methodik Der EU-SILC-Survey wird seit 2005 in Deutschland jährlich erhoben. Im EU-SILC-Survey 2014 wurde in Deutschland eine Stichprobe von 12 744 Haushalten mit 22 695 Personen ab 16 Jahren randomisiert gezogen und interviewt.
Ergebnisse Zwischen den EU-SILC-Survey-Wellen 2005 bis 2014 nahm der Bevölkerungsanteil in Deutschland, der auf notwendige medizinische oder zahnmedizinische Untersuchungen bzw. Behandlungen verzichtete, stark ab. Im EU-SILC-Survey 2014 berichteten insgesamt 8,5 % der Befragten (ab 16 Jahren) entweder einen ungedeckten medizinischen Versorgungsbedarf (6,4 %) oder einen zahnmedizinischen Versorgungsbedarf (3,8 %). Finanzielle Gründe sind eine Hauptursache dafür, dass notwendige zahnmedizinische Untersuchungen oder Behandlungen nicht in Anspruch genommen wurden. Beim ungedeckten medizinischen Bedarf dominieren persönliche Gründe. Ein schlechter Gesundheitszustand hat in den multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodellen den größten Einfluss auf die Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit eines ungedeckten medizinischen oder zahnmedizinischen Versorgungsbedarfs. Höhere (Netto-)Äquivalenzeinkommen und Bildungsabschlüsse sind mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Nichtinanspruchnahme assoziiert. Erwerbslosigkeit und Migration gehen mit einem erhöhten ungedeckten medizinischen oder zahnmedizinischen Versorgungsbedarf einher. Personen im mittleren Lebensalter sind besonders betroffen.
Diskussion Die Analysen weisen für Deutschland im Zeitverlauf auf erhebliche Verbesserungen beim ungedeckten medizinischen und zahnmedizinischen Versorgungsbedarf, aber auch auf große soziale Disparitäten hin. Zur Reduktion sozial bedingter gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten bestehen Ansatzpunkte sowohl bei Finanzierungsregelungen als auch bei Gesundheitskompetenzen.
Kinder- und Erwachsenen-Cholesteatom im
Vergleich
Authors: Langer Jörg 
Published: January 2019

Jackson R et al. Cholesteatoma in children and adults: are there really any
differences? J Laryngol Otol 2018; 132: 575–578
Das Cholesteatom gilt bei Kindern als aggressivere Läsion als bei Erwachsenen.
Allerdings existieren nur wenige Studien, die die operativen Befunde und
chirurgischen Ergebnisse zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen direkt verglichen
haben. Britische Fachärzte für Otorhinolaryngologie bewerteten Unterschiede
zwischen dem kindlichen- und dem Erwachsenen-Cholesteatom.
Umfang der Erstuntersuchungen bei unbegleiteten minderjährigen Ausländern: eine bundesweite Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Voss Klaas , Niessen Johannes , Pruskil Susanne 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während der vorläufigen Inobhutnahme der unbegleiteten minderjährigen Ausländer (UMA) durch die Jugendämter ist in Deutschland eine ärztliche Erstuntersuchung und eine Stellungnahme, ob der Gesundheitszustand der Minderjährigen die Durchführung des Verteilungsverfahrens nach dem Königsberger Schlüssel ausschließe sowie bei ab 15-jährigen und Nichtschwangeren eine Röntgenthorax-Aufnahme zum Ausschluss einer ansteckungsfähigen Lungentuberkulose rechtlich verpflichtend. Die obersten Landesgesundheitsbehörden der Länder bestimmen den weiteren Umfang der Untersuchungen. Ziel dieser Erhebung ist eine bundesweite Bestandsaufnahme und Gegenüberstellung der unterschiedlichen Konzepte der einzelnen Länder hinsichtlich des Umfanges der UMA-Erstuntersuchungen.
Methoden Im Zeitraum September 2016–Mai 2018 erfolgte per E-Mail mit behördlichen Ansprechpartnern eine Erhebung zum Umfang der UMA-Erstuntersuchungen. Zeitgleich wurde eine webbasierte Recherche der Internetauftritte der obersten Gesundheitsbehörden der Bundesländer zu offiziellen Stellungnahmen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse In den Bereichen Tbc-Screening der unter 15-jährigen und Schwangeren sowie Screenings auf weitere Erkrankungen ergab sich bundesweit ein teilweise deutlich uneinheitliches Bild. Übereinstimmungen waren v. a. bei den Impfempfehlungen auszumachen.
Fazit Die Bemühungen einer Angleichung des Untersuchungsumfanges auf Bundesebene sollten weiter vorangetrieben werden.
Hormonfreie Hilfe bei Scheidentrockenheit für Frauen nach Brustkrebs
Authors: Gerhard Ingrid 
Published: January 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNach einer hormonablativen Brustkrebstherapie leiden 70% der Frauen unter Scheidentrockenheit, Libidoverlust und eingeschränkter Lebensqualität. Wegen der unklaren Datenlage zur allgemeinen und lokalen hormonellen Therapie in dieser Situation werden in diesem Beitrag hormonfreie Alternativen vorgestellt, die auf Basis von Pflanzenextrakten hautpflegende und regenerierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Ein Sanddornöl-Spezialextrakt kann oral verabreicht werden. Bei den pflanzlichen Vaginaltherapeutika ist darauf zu achten, dass sie nicht nur befeuchten, sondern die Schleimhaut pflegen. Individuelle Rezepturarzneimittel können in darauf spezialisierten Apotheken hergestellt werden.
Cyber-Attacke auf das Gehirn des Kindes
Authors: Teuchert-Noodt Gertraud 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDie Nutzung digitaler Medien führt im Kindes- und frühen Jugendalter zu irreversiblen Störungen kognitiver und emotionaler Hirnfunktionen und induziert eine digitale Sucht. Das Gehirn ist in einem langsamen, analogen Rhythmus getaktet und benötigt für seine Entwicklung und Organisation räumliche, motorische, sensorische und emotionale Reize und Erfahrungen. Kinderzimmer, Kitas und Schulen sollten daher frei von Computern und Displays sein, zugunsten vielgestaltiger, entspannter und sozialer Lernräume.
Outcomes of EUS-FNA in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Polmanee Petcharee , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Hijioka Susumu , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okuno Nozomi , Iwaya Hiromichi , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ishihara Makoto , Hirayama Yutaka , Ohnishi Sachiyo , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Bhanthomkomol Patommatat , Ito Ayako , Kuraoka Naosuke , Matsumoto Shinpei , Niwa Yasumasa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims To investigate bleeding risk and thromboembolic risk in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needls aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Patients and methods A single-center retrospective study of 908 consecutive patients undergoing EUS-FNA for pancreatic and non-pancreatic lesions patients between March 2013 and March 2017 was performed. Antithrombotic management was classified into three groups: continuous, discontinuation, and heparin replacement.
Results A total of 114 patients (12.6 %) were on antithrombotic drugs and 794 (84.6 %) were not. There were six cases of significant bleeding (0.7 %) four in the antithrombotic group (0.4 %) and two (0.2 %) in the non-antithrombotic group, (odds ratio, 9.59; 95 % confidence interval, 2.12 – 43.1; P = 0.006). Of the four cases in the antithrombotic group, two were on continuous treatment, one was on discontinuation treatment and one was on heparin replacement. All cases of non-significant bleeding occurred in the non-antithrombotic group (3 peri-tumoral hematomas, 1 submucosal hematoma, and 1 intraluminal bleed). The sole thromboembolic event (0.9 %) was a cerebral infarction in the antithrombotic group in a patient on thienopyridine who switched to aspirin before the procedure.
Conclusions There was a slight increase in risk of bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy especially postoperative bleeding; however, there were no cases of severe bleeding was seen and only one case of cerebral infarction which occurred in a high-risk thromboembolic patients. We concluded that EUS-FNA in a safe procedure for patients on antithrombotics, even when antithrombotic therapy is not discontinued during EUS-FNA.