bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Prion Protein Mediates the Disruption of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity by Soluble TauIn Vivo
Authors: Ondrejcak Tomas , Klyubin Igor , Corbett Grant T. , Fraser Graham , Hong Wei , Mably Alexandra J. , Gardener Matthew , Hammersley Jayne , Perkinton Michael S. , Billinton Andrew , Walsh Dominic M. , Rowan Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of tau protein are a neuropathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). For some time NFTs were considered the primary cause of synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death, however, more recent evidence suggests that soluble aggregates of tau are key drivers of disease. Here we investigated the effect of different tau species on synaptic plasticity in the male rat hippocampusin vivo. Intracerebroventricular injection of soluble aggregates formed from either wild-type or P301S human recombinant tau potently inhibited hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-to-CA1 synapses. In contrast, tau monomers and fibrils appeared inactive. Neither baseline synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation nor burst response during high-frequency conditioning stimulation was affected by the soluble tau aggregates. Similarly, certain AD brain soluble extracts inhibited LTP in a tau-dependent manner that was abrogated by either immunodepletion with, or coinjection of, a mid-region anti-tau monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tau5. Importantly, this tau-mediated block of LTP was prevented by administration of mAbs selective for the prion protein (PrP). Specifically, mAbs to both the mid-region (6D11) and N-terminus (MI-0131) of PrP prevented inhibition of LTP by both recombinant and brain-derived tau. These findings indicate that PrP is a mediator of tau-induced synaptic dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we report that certain soluble forms of tau selectively disrupt synaptic plasticity in the live rat hippocampus. Further, we show that monoclonal antibodies to cellular prion protein abrogate the impairment of long-term potentiation caused both by recombinant and Alzheimer's disease brain-derived soluble tau. These findings support a critical role for cellular prion protein in the deleterious synaptic actions of extracellular soluble tau in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Thus, approaches targeting cellular prion protein, or downstream pathways, might provide an effective strategy for developing therapeutics.
Feedforward and Feedback Control Share an Internal Model of the Arm's Dynamics
Authors: Maeda Rodrigo S. , Cluff Tyler , Gribble Paul L. , Pruszynski J. Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Recent work has shown that, when countering external forces, the nervous system adjusts not only predictive (i.e., feedforward) control of reaching but also reflex (i.e., feedback) responses to mechanical perturbations. Here we show that altering the physical properties of the arm (i.e., intersegmental dynamics) causes the nervous system to adjust feedforward control and that this learning transfers to feedback responses even though the latter were never directly trained. Forty-five human participants (30 females) performed a single-joint elbow reaching task and countered mechanical perturbations that created pure elbow motion. In our first experiment, we altered intersegmental dynamics by asking participants to generate pure elbow movements when the shoulder joint was either free to rotate or locked by the robotic manipulandum. With the shoulder unlocked, we found robust activation of shoulder flexor muscles for pure elbow flexion trials, as required to counter the interaction torques that arise at the shoulder because of forearm rotation. After locking the shoulder joint, which cancels these interaction torques, we found a substantial reduction in shoulder muscle activity over many trials. In our second experiment, we tested whether such learning transfers to feedback control. Mechanical perturbations applied to the arm with the shoulder unlocked revealed that feedback responses also account for intersegmental dynamics. After locking the shoulder joint, we found a substantial reduction in shoulder feedback responses, as appropriate for the altered intersegmental dynamics. Our work suggests that feedforward and feedback control share an internal model of the arm's dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we show that altering the physical properties of the arm causes people to learn new motor commands and that this learning transfers to their reflex responses to unexpected mechanical perturbations, even though the reflex responses were never directly trained. Our results suggest that feedforward motor commands and reflex responses share an internal model of the arm's dynamics.
Convergent Inputs from the Hippocampus and Thalamus to the Nucleus Accumbens Regulate Dopamine Neuron Activity
Authors: Perez Stephanie M. , Lodge Daniel J. 
Published: October 2018

Aberrant hippocampal activity is observed in individuals with schizophrenia and is thought to underlie the augmented dopamine system function associated with psychosis. The pathway by which the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) regulates dopamine neuron activity has been demonstrated previously and involves a glutamatergic projection to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Recent postmortem studies have confirmed glutamatergic abnormalities in the NAc of individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, an increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGlut2) expression was reported. Although projections from the hippocampus do express vGlut2, inputs from the thalamus are more likely to account for this alteration; however, the role of thalamic inputs to the NAc in the regulation of dopamine neuron activity has not been elucidated. Here, using male Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstrate that a subset of NAc medium spiny neurons receive convergent inputs from the vHipp and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), with both regions working synergistically to regulate dopamine neuron activity. Activation of either the vHipp or PVT increases the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Moreover, this regulation requires simultaneous activity in both regions because PVT inactivation can reverse vHipp-induced increases in dopamine neuron population activity and vHipp inactivation can reverse PVT-induced increases. This is relevant to schizophrenia because inactivation of either the vHipp or PVT is sufficient to reverse aberrant dopamine system function in two distinct rodent models. These data suggest that thalamic abnormalities may contribute to the aberrant dopamine system function observed in schizophrenia and that the PVT represents a novel site of intervention for psychosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent treatments for schizophrenia are far from adequate and a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this disease is warranted if we are to discover novel therapeutic targets. We have previously demonstrated that the aberrant dopamine system function observed in individuals with schizophrenia and rodent models is driven by increases in hippocampal activity. We now demonstrate that thalamic (paraventricular nucleus, PVT) and ventral hippocampal afferents converge in the nucleus accumbens to regulate dopamine system function. Such information provides a potential site for therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia. Indeed, inactivation of the PVT can effectively reverse aberrant dopamine system function in two distinct rodent models displaying circuit level alterations and corresponding behavioral deficits relevant to schizophrenia.
Negotiation of Gender Relations Meaning among Female Interpretation Community in Housing and Village Settlement
Authors: Lestari Sri Budi , Wiryopranoto Suhartono , Simatupang GR Lono Lastoro 
Published: October 2018

The sitcom of Husbands fearing Wives (SSTI-Suami-Suami Takut Istri), is one of the private television sitcoms which highlights violence as a joke to provoke laughter of its audiences. In SSTI, the joke involves the concept of gender, exchanging the role of women and men which has been socially and culturally constructed. One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze the role of the interpretation community in understanding the gender relations in SSTI sitcom. The study aims to discover the media interpretation by a group of female audiences living in the village and sub-district of Tembalang, Semarang. The results show that the negotiation of interpretation community on SSTI sitcom is not in line with the goal of the media; because the nature of men and women roles that are exchanged is interpreted as an “abnormal” relation. Therefore, the hierarchical power relation between men and women which tends to disadvantage women, for interpretation community is regarded as a normal natural.Tayangan sinetron komedi Suami-suami Takut Istri (SSTI), merupakan salah satu program televisi swasta yang menonjolkan kekerasan sebagai lelucon untuk tujuan memancing tawa. Dalam prakteknya SSTI melibatkan konsep jender, yang mempertukarkan sifat-sifat perempuan dan laki-laki sebagai hasil kontruksi secara sosial maupun kultural. Salah satu tujuan penelitian ini ingin menganalisis peran komunitas interpretasi dalam pemaknaan tentang relasi jender pada tayangan sinetron SSTI. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada penonton perempuan yang tinggal di perumahan dan perkampungan wilayah kecamatan Tembalang, kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negosiasi komunitas interpretasi pada tayangan sinetron SSTI tidak sejalan dengan arahan media karena ternyata sifat laki-laki dan perempuan yang dipertuarkan dimaknai sebagai relasi yang tidak ‘normal’. Dengan demikian relasi kuasa hirarkis antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang cenderung merugikan perempuan bagi komunitas interpretasi justru dianggap sebagai suatu relasi yang normal serta dipahami sebagai kodrat kultural.
Leitura de Textos Ficcionais e a Abordagem Escolar de Literatura: contribuições para uma Pedagogia da Escolha
Authors: De Almeida Rogeiro , Ferrerira santos Marcos , Campiolo Porto Julia 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo busca contribuir para as discussões acerca da Pedagogia da Escolha colocando em pauta a circulação social da literatura na contemporaneidade e a escolarização do texto literário. Partindo da premissa de que não há espaço para maniqueísmos e discursos totalizantes no cenário sociocultural atual, critica-se o modo como a cultura escolar impõe discursos classificatórios para o ensino de literatura. Nesse cenário, a internet se constitui como uma potencial auxiliar na formação de leitores dada a quantidade de conteúdos literários que circulam por meio dela. A hipótese de trabalho é que o conhecimento e uso consciente das potencialidades da internet promove a individualização da trajetória educativa da pessoa e a aposta na capacidade de autogestão de sua formação.
Highly Continuous Genome Assembly of Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis) Using Linked-Read Sequencing
Authors: Ozerov Mikhail Yu , Ahmad Freed , Gross Riho , Pukk Lilian , Kahar Siim , Kisand Veljo , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is the most common fish of the Percidae family and is widely distributed across Eurasia. Perch is a popular target for professional and recreational fisheries, and a promising freshwater aquaculture species in Europe. However, despite its high ecological, economical and societal importance, the available genomic resources for P. fluviatilis are rather limited. In this work, we report de novo assembly and annotation of the whole genome sequence of perch. The linked-read based technology with 10X Genomics Chromium chemistry and Supernova assembler produced a draft perch genome ∼1.0 Gbp assembly (scaffold N50 = 6.3 Mb; the longest individual scaffold of 29.3 Mb; BUSCO completeness of 88.0%), which included 281.6 Mb of putative repeated sequences. The perch genome assembly presented here, generated from small amount of starting material (0.75 ng) and a single linked-read library, is highly continuous and considerably more complete than the currently available draft of P. fluviatilis genome. A total of 23,397 protein-coding genes were predicted, 23,171 (99%) of which were annotated functionally from either sequence homology or protein signature searches. Linked-read technology enables fast, accurate and cost-effective de novo assembly of large non-model eukaryote genomes. The highly continuous assembly of the Eurasian perch genome presented in this study will be an invaluable resource for a range of genetic, ecological, physiological, ecotoxicological, functional and comparative genomic studies in perch and other fish species of the Percidae family.
Are direct messages (texts and emails) from wagering operators associated with betting intention and behavior? An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Russell Alex M. T. , Hing Nerilee , Browne Matthew , Rawat Vijay 
Published: October 2018

Background and aims
Direct messaging via text messages (texts) and emails is a widely used method to advertise sports and race-betting offers. However, they have attracted little research, as this advertising is not in the public domain. This study aimed to determine whether betting expenditure is related to receiving direct wagering messages, and the specific inducements they promote. We hypothesized that receiving direct messages, particularly texts, would be related to betting expenditure within 24 hr.

Methods
In this ecological momentary assessment study, regular sports (n = 98) and race (n = 104) bettors from Australia completed short daily surveys over 1 week that captured exposure to direct messages, betting behavior in the previous 24 hr, and betting intention for the next 24 hr. Respondents were asked to forward any texts and emails received to the researchers, who coded them for inducement content.

Results
Longitudinal analyses found that receiving emails was positively associated with betting intention, whereas texts were positively associated with higher likelihood of betting and betting expenditure. These effects persisted when controlling for problem gambling status and signature betting events. Refund stake and bonus odds inducements were positively associated with likelihood of race betting (although not in multivariate models), as were bonus winnings inducements for sports betting.

Discussion and conclusions
Direct messages, particularly texts, are powerful marketing tools, encouraging a nearly immediate, and arguably impulsive, betting response, which may increase gambling-related problems. Overseeing this private form of advertising presents challenges to regulators, and to public health efforts that aim to reduce gambling harm.
Thrombopenie beim Pferd
Authors: Bauer Natali , Fey Kerstin , Moritz Andreas , Roscher Katja , Hübers Emma 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der retrospektiven Studie war die Ermittlung der Prävalenz echter Thrombopenie und EDTA-induzierter Pseudothrombopenie bei Pferd und Pony sowie die Evaluation der diagnostischen und prognostischen Aussagekraft bei echter Thrombopenie. Material und Methoden: Bei 3592 internistischen Patienten (Jahre 2008-2015) wurde eine hämatologische Untersuchung (ADVIA® 2120, Siemens) durchgeführt. Einschlusskriterien waren eine Thrombozytenzahl von < 90 x 109/l (EDTABlut) bzw. < 84 x 109/l (Zitratblut). Es erfolgte eine Einteilung in echte, EDTA-induzierte und fragliche Thrombopenie. Probanden mit einer echten Thrombopenie wurden bezüglich des Vorstellungsgrundes in neun Gruppen sowie in vier Diagnosegruppen (Entzündung, Neoplasie, nichtentzündliche Darmerkrankung, sonstige Erkrankungen) eingeteilt. Die Häufigkeit der Diagnosen wurde mit derer der gesamten Patientenpopulation der Klinik verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei 123/3592 Patienten (3,4 %) bestand eine Thrombopenie, wobei 60/123 (49 %) eine echte, 6/123 (5 %) eine EDTA-induzierte und 57/123 (46 %) eine fragliche Thrombopenie aufwiesen. Bei der Auswertung der echten Thrombopenien waren die häufigsten Vorstellungsgründe Mattigkeit (23/60, 38 %), Fieber (19/60, 32 %) und Kolik (17/60, 28 %). Von den betroffenen Pferden zeigten 25/60 (42 %) eine entzündliche Grunderkrankung, 11/60 (18 %) eine Neoplasie, 10/60 (17 %) eine nichtentzündliche Darmerkrankung und 14/60 (23 %) sonstige Erkrankungen. Im Vergleich mit der Gesamtpopulation der Klinik zeigte sich mit 18 % im Vergleich zu 1 % eine deutlich erhöhte Häufigkeit der Neoplasien. Die Mortalität lag mit 38 % signifikant höher als in der Gesamtpopulation. Auffallend war eine Mortalität von 32 % in der Gruppe der Entzündungen und von 82 % in der Gruppe der Neoplasien. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Eine echte Thrombopenie ist beim internistisch erkrankten Pferd nicht häufig zu beobachten und sollte durch eine Messung im Zitratblut gesichert werden. Eine Thrombopenie stellt selten den primären Vorstellungsgrund dar und muss bei Neoplasien und Entzündungen als negativer prognostischer Faktor betrachtet werden.
Klinisches Erscheinungsbild der Kuhpockenvirus-infektion bei Neuweltkameliden
Authors: Prkno Almut , Kaiser Matthias , Goerigk Daniela , Pfeffer Martin , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Hoffmann Donata , Beer Martin , Starke Alexander 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Infektion mit Kuhpockenvirus (cowpox virus, CPXV) ist eine sporadisch auftretende, meldepflichtige Erkrankung mit zoonotischem Potenzial. Sie wurde in den letzten sechs Jahrzehnten sowohl bei Haustieren (Katze, Hund, Pferd, Rind) als auch bei Zootieren (z. B. Elefant, Nashorn, Okapi) in größerem Umfang beschrieben und erforscht. Dagegen finden sich in der Literatur nur drei Fallberichte über diese Infektion bei Neuweltkameliden (NWK). Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit war, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zum klinischen Erscheinungsbild der CPXV-Infektion bei NWK zusammenfassend darzustellen und mit dem bei anderen Tierarten zu vergleichen. Auch bei Alpaka und Lama erfolgt die Übertragung des Virus bei direktem Tierkontakt oder durch orale Virusaufnahme, wobei Mikroläsionen der Haut oder Schleimhaut als Eintrittspforten für das Virus fungieren. Klinisch kann ein lokal begrenzter, milder Verlauf mit Pusteln oder Krusten der Haut, die auf einzelne Körperbereiche (Kopf, Hals, Gliedmaßen, Perinealbereich) beschränkt bleiben, beobachtet werden. Dem gegenüber steht ein generalisierter, meist letaler Infektionsverlauf mit multifokal bis diffus verteilten Hautläsionen (Papeln, Pusteln, Krusten, ulzerierende Wunden) und Virusreplikation in weiteren Organen. Die Tiere entwickeln unter anderem Konjunktivitis, Stomatitis und Rhinitis gepaart mit unspezifischen Symptomen wie Inappetenz, Apathie und Fieber. Die klinische Manifestation scheint wie bei anderen Pockenvirusinfektionen durch Faktoren, die das Immunsystem schwächen, begünstigt zu werden. Bisher gibt es keinen Hinweis auf NWK-spezifische Besonderheiten in Bezug auf das klinische Erscheinungsbild der CPXV-Infektion. In Hinblick auf das Verständnis der Pathogenese und Epidemiologie dieser Erkrankung, speziell bei NWK, eröffnet sich Raum für weitere Forschung.
Adenokarzinom der Milchdrüse bei einem Göttinger Minipig
Authors: Hinzmann Bernadette , Kershaw Olivia , Lahrmann Karl , Töpfer Marlene 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Fallbericht beschreibt eine tumoröse Umfangsvermehrung der Milchdrüse eines 10 Jahre alten, weiblichen Göttinger Minipigs. Auffällige klinische Befunde waren eine entzündliche Umfangsvermehrung eines Gesäugekomplexes mit Hautläsion der Zitze und Abfluss eines übelriechenden, dünnflüssigen Sekrets. Zudem zeigte das Tier ein reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden mit Schmerzäußerungen, Inappetenz und Dehydratation. Die erfolgte Mastektomie mit histopathologischer Untersuchung des Gewebes führte zur Diagnose eines Adenokarzinoms. Das Schwein erholte sich komplikationslos und war 6 Monate nach der Operation symptomfrei.
Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement – a systematic review
Authors: Beer Patricia , Bockstahler Barbara , Schnabl-Feichter Eva 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objective: The optimal surgical technique for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in canine has been scientifically discussed for decades. Despite the continuous debate, proximal tibial osteotomies such as tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) are increasingly common. The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the literature reporting outcome and complications associated with TPLO and TTA. Materials and methods: A systematic search of literature databases identified articles published from August 2004 to February 2016 describing evaluations of short- or longterm outcomes as well as complications following TPLO or TTA. Results: Ninety-one studies were included in this review and assigned to one out of four evidence levels. Of those, 89 studies provided the lowest evidence level and only two were assigned to the third-best evidence level. A comparison of subjective gait analyses could not detect differences in the decrease of lameness between TPLO and TTA, while objective gait analysis supports the superiority of TPLO. Fewer patients treated with TPLO were diagnosed with postoperative joint instability and TPLO had a lower percent increase of osteoarthritis (OA) after surgery. Owner satisfaction was high for both techniques. For TPLO and TTA the average total, minor, major and catastrophic complication rates were 15.9 % and 20.8 %, 7.9 % and 11.6 %, 5.2 % and 13.2 % as well as 0.8 % and 5.6 %, respectively. Conclusion and clinical significance: The assessed literature supports the hypothesis that TPLO is associated with lower complication rates, an improved clinical-functional outcome and less increase of OA compared to TTA. The results are indicative for a long-term restoration of normal limb function after TPLO. However, the strength of available evidence and the comparability of each study’s results were poor and more comparative studies are needed to draw strong conclusions towards the superiority of the TPLO over the TTA.
Prevalence of syringomyelia in clinically unaffected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in Germany (2006–2016)
Authors: Refai Miriam , Deutschland Martin , Failing Klaus , Schmidt Martin , Schulze Sabine 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of syringomyelia in clinically unaffected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) in Germany. Material and methods: From 2006 to 2016 a total of 339 asymptomatic CKCSs from all over Germany were included. Age ranged from 3 months to 11 years (mean 3.72 years ± 2.17 years). T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the head and cervical spine were obtained. Results: Overall, 163 out of 339 (48.1 %) CKCSs showed evidence of syringomyelia. The results (odds ratio of 1.27 per year; p < 0.0001) corroborate the findings of other studies, in which the risk of developing syringomyelia increases with age. Conclusion and clinical relevance: In conclusion, around half of the dogs within the German CKCS population are affected by syringomyelia. The prevalence of syringomyelia of the German CKCS population is similar to that of the British CKCS population, which is subjected to breeding strategies on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging investigations.