bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variant in the NSDHL gene in a cat with multiple congenital lesions resembling inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi
Authors: De Lucia Michela , Bauer Anina , Spycher Melina , Jagannathan Vidhya , Romano Erica , Welle Monika , Leeb Tosso 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe feline counterpart of human inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) has been described; however, the possible underlying developmental defect has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo report a case of multiple ILVEN‐like lesions in a cat with a genetic variant in the NSDHL gene.AnimalsA 2‐year‐old, female, domestic short hair cat with a history of multiple alopecic, verrucous, hyperpigmented and erythematous skin lesions, following Blaschko's lines on the head, the limbs, the trunk and paw pads.Methods and resultsAccording to the clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of multiple ILVEN‐like lesions was made. Genetic investigation revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the X‐chromosomal NSDHL gene predicted to lead to a loss‐of‐function of the NSDHL protein.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of feline ILVEN‐like lesions in which a genetic cause has been proposed. Future studies to establish a causal relationship between NSDHL variants and skin lesions might lead to pathogenesis‐directed treatments.
Dermatitis caused by autochthonous Cercopithifilaria bainae from a dog in Florida, USA: clinical, histological and parasitological diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Boyd Megan , Santoro Domenico , Craft William F. , Ginn Pamela E. , Childress April L. , Wellehan James F.X. , Walden Heather Stockdale 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCercopithifilaria bainae is a tick‐vectored filarioid nematode associated with erythematous dermatitis in dogs. It has not been reported previously in the United States.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo describe clinical, histological and parasitological diagnosis and treatment of C. bainae in a dog.AnimalsAn 11‐month‐old golden retriever/standard poodle mixed breed dog from Florida (USA).Methods and materialsThe dog had no travel history within or outside the United States, was presented with a one month history of annular erythematous plaques on the head and ulcers on the medial canthi. Lesions were unresponsive to antibiotic treatment.ResultsHistopathological evaluation of skin biopsies revealed an eosinophilic to lymphohistiocytic perivascular dermatitis with multiple microgranulomas and rare 5–10 μm diameter microfilariae within microgranulomas. Microfilarial morphology was consistent with C. bainae. PCR and sequencing of 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes confirmed the nematodes as C. bainae. The dog was treated with a commercial spot‐on containing imidacloprid and moxidectin, and clinical resolution occurred.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of C. bainae in a dog in the United States and the first description of dermatological lesions caused primarily by C. bainae.
Prevalence of CD20+ cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 24 cases (2011–2018) in the USA
Authors: Ewing Trenton S. , Pieper Jason B. , Stern Adam W. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundLimited information is known about the baseline frequency of canine CD20 positive (+) cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma. A single canine case report has been published.ObjectivesTo characterize the baseline frequency of CD20+ staining in cases of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma; to assess its values as a prognostic indicator.AnimalsSkin biopsies from 24 client‐owned animals diagnosed with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma were assessed.Methods and materialsA retrospective review of medical records from 2011 to 2018. Clinical histories and previous histological and immunohistochemical slides were collected from 24 dogs and additional immunohistochemical staining was performed as needed to assess cases of cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma for CD3, CD20, CD79a and PAX5 staining characteristics. Staining characteristics were assessed for their statistical relationship to median survival time.ResultsOverall median survival time was 189 days following the onset of clinical signs and 99 days following definitive diagnosis; 54% of cases had CD20+ staining. There was no statistically significant correlation between staining characteristics and median survival time from onset of signs (P = 0.54) or from diagnosis (P = 0.61).Conclusions and clinical significanceCanine cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma has a higher instance of CD20 positivity than documented previously. This indicates that CD20 staining may be unsuitable to differentiate T‐cell and B‐cell cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. This also may have therapeutic implications with the advent of canine CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies.
Growth pattern of Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus in response to cutting frequency
Authors: Kaczmarek‐Derda W , Østrem L , Myromslien M , Brandsæter L O , Netland J 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIncreasing abundance of Juncus effusus (soft rush) and Juncus conglomeratus (compact rush) in pastures and meadows in western Norway has caused reductions in forage yield and quality in recent decades. Understanding plant development and regrowth following cutting is essential in devising cost‐effective means to control rushes. In a field experiment in western Norway, we investigated development of above‐ and below‐ground fractions of rush from seedlings to three‐year‐old plants, including the impact on vigour of disturbing growth by different cutting frequencies during the period 2009–2012. Each year, the plants were exposed to one or two annual cuts or left untreated and five destructive samplings were performed from March to early December. Juncus effusus showed significantly more vigorous growth than Juncus conglomeratus in the last two years of the study period. The above‐ground:below‐ground biomass ratio of both species increased mainly in spring and early summer and was reduced in late summer and autumn. Removal of aerial shoots also reduced the below‐ground fraction of both species. One annual cut in July effectively reduced biomass production in both species by 30–82%, which was only a slightly smaller reduction than with two annual cuts, in June and August. Mechanical control measures such as cutting can thus effectively reduce rush vigour when performed late in the growing season.
Cattle‐associated risk factors for human tuberculosis in rural livestock‐keeping communities, Uganda
Authors: Meisner Julianne , Curtis Kellie , Graham Thomas W. , Apamaku Michael B. , Manhart Lisa E. , Rabinowitz Peter M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of human death worldwide. In cattle, TB infection results in productivity losses, trade barriers and zoonotic transmission via milk, meat or direct contact. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in rural communities in Uganda between 2014 and 2016 to evaluate the association between tuberculosis skin test (TST) positivity in humans and cattle‐associated risk factors: household herd positivity and raw milk consumption. Human and cattle TSTs were performed in communities followed by a survey of household practices. TST data were available on 493 humans, 184 (37.3%) with positive results, and 1,441 cattle, 50 (3.5%) with positive results. We fit separate log binomial generalized estimating equation models for the herd positivity‐human TST positivity association, stratified on sex; and for the raw milk consumption‐human TST positivity association, stratified on frequency of milk consumption. Having at least one TST‐positive bovid in the household's herd was significantly associated with lower risk of TB among men (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.49, 0.87) but was not significantly associated with TB among women (PR 1.21, 95% CI 0.76, 1.95). This apparent protective effect was contrary to our a priori hypothesis of higher exposure effect among men, the primary caretakers of cattle. This finding may be the result of residual confounding by socioeconomic status; wealthier individuals may be less likely to be TB positive, but more likely to have TST‐positive herds by virtue of larger herd sizes, ability to purchase new and possibly infected stock, and propensity to keep more TB‐susceptible European breeds. For raw milk consumption, effect estimates were close to one and not statistically significant. Thus, in settings where bovine TB prevalence is low, such as Uganda, cattle‐associated zoonotic transmission may be rare, and cattle‐associated risk factors may not be important drivers of human TB burden.
Digital Hydraulic Winch Drives
Authors: Larsen Henrik B. , Kjelland Magnus , Holland Anders , Lindholdt Per N. 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the planned use of digital displacement high torque low speed motors to drive large winches in off-shore and maritime applications.
The digital displacement technology uses forced actuation of high- and low pressure valves for each cylinder chamber, i.e. valves are opened and closed by actuation forces independently of cylinder pressure and supply pressures. Motors equipped with the technology are well suited for low speed secondary controlled operation including start and stop. It also enables unloading of motor cylinders that are not needed to produce torque, whereby excellent efficiency at partial displacement is obtained.
A research project on application of multi digital motors on a winch with lifting capacity in the 150 t range is presented, and advantages of using such winch drives in off-shore and maritime lifting operations are discussed.
Positioning and metering are challenges in winch systems with traditional drives. A unique control scheme that allows very fine positioning of the motor shaft is presented. The performance of this method is shown in simulation and demonstrated with measurements on a motor.
Review of Early Work on Digital Displacement® Hydrostatic Transmission Systems
Authors: Caldwell Niall 
Published: November 2018

The paper describes the work done by the author (1) from 1999 to 2006 to develop the Digital Displacement Pump (DDP) and Pump/Motor (DDPM) and demonstrate the feasibility of off-highway vehicle applications.
The link between DDPM capacity and the solenoid valve performance was identified. Magnetic geometry was improved by parametric FEA, then time-domain behavior was improved with a hybrid FEA/lumped-parameter model.
Software improvements allowed variable speed and bidirectional operation, enabling the demonstration of the first Digital Displacement Transmission (DDT) systems on a vehicle, one featuring a load-sensing DDP and secondary control by DDPM displacement, and one featuring primary control by DDP displacement and a conventional axial motor.
A time-domain simulation was created of the primary-controlled vehicle, which yielded good comparison to experimental results. The deterministic nature of the DDP lends itself to model-based system design methods, which have since been used to develop larger commercial systems.
The first detailed analysis of DDP efficiency characteristics revealed profound differences to conventional variable displacement pumps, including exceptional part-load efficiency and the dominant effect of fluid compressibility. A peak overall efficiency of 97% was recorded for a DDP after analysis of loss sources prompted design improvement.
Online Controller Setpoint Optimization for Traction Control Systems Applied to Construction Machinery
Authors: Alexander Addison , Sciancalepore Annalisa , Vacca Andrea 
Published: November 2018

The development of a suitable traction control system for off-road heavy machinery is complicated by several different factors, which differentiate these machines from typical on-road systems. One such difficulty arises from the fact that they are often operated on ground conditions which can vary widely and rapidly. Due to this, traction control systems designed for these vehicles must be robust to a large array of surface types, and they must be capable of reacting quickly to significant changes in those types. In order to accomplish this, this paper proposes an online parameter optimization technique suitable for tuning the setpoint of a control system to maximize the tractive potential of a construction vehicle in real time. The traction control principle itself is based on selectively braking wheels which are slipping. It also attempts to account for the interactions of the transmission systems that deliver power from the engine to the wheels. This research uses a wheel loader as a reference machine for assessing controller performance. Drawing on previous work in simulation and controller design, a system model was developed which incorporates the vehicle dynamics of the machine as well as the behavior of the electrohydraulic brakes. This system model was leveraged to understand the effect of different optimization schemes on the performance of the traction control.
The self-tuning algorithm is based on a compound optimization method utilizing both a system identification component and a parameter tuning component. The first part optimizes the model parameters to fit it as well as possible to measured slip-friction data. Based on the results of this, the second part draws from theories of wheel traction to maximize a balance of pushing force and traction effectiveness. The result is a method which can achieve the proper setpoint based on real-time data describing the ground condition. This system was run first in simulation and then on a modified vehicle system. In both cases, the algorithm allows the controller to find better setpoints to improve the traction control performance online.
Premature Degradation and Failure of Steam-Methane Reformer Heater System Components
Authors: Aumuller John J. , Carucci Vincent 
Published: November 2018

Bulk hydrogen production in a petroleum refinery by steam–methane reforming utilizes high temperatures, moderate pressures and catalyst – filled tubes which generate high tube temperatures of up to 1,690 °F [920 °C] imposing relatively harsh performance demands on system components which are not usually encountered in other refinery or petrochemical plant equipment.
Creep rupture and high temperature cycling place a severe service duty on the catalyst tubes, tube outlet pigtails, the subheader train and the downstream steam generator leading to ruptured pigtails, cracking in sub-headers and break up of the ceramic tube sheet ferrules at the steam generator inlet tubesheet.
Although the industry has developed specific fit-for-purpose design practice standards augmented with detailed technical reports, reliability issues persist and regularly force premature shutdown of the reformer heater and downstream heat recovery equipment.
Among these practices are API Standard 530 and API TR 942-A. API 530 assists designers in the selection of materials and determination of pressure design thickness of heater tubes while API TR 942-A attempts to reconcile the contradictory industry experience where some operators have little or no problems while others suffer premature degradation and cracking of outlet pigtails and manifold components.
A reconciliation between application of industry design practices and equipment performance is presented in this paper to determine whether systemic issues contribute to the apparent situation; and, recommendations are made for pressure component design and material selection for steam-methane reformers.
Modeling and Mitigation of Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV) in Piping Systems
Authors: Ridens Brandon L. , Allison Timothy C. , Simons Sarah B. , Brun Klaus 
Published: November 2018

This paper explores new analysis techniques and mitigation concepts developed to extend the current state of the art acoustic induced vibrations (AIV) analyses. These new methods are intended to provide more accurate evaluations of this phenomenon in an attempt to solve AIV problems found in blowdown and piping systems. Current screening methods for AIV are based on pass/fail data with minimal or undesired options for reducing the likelihood of failure for AIV events. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and finite element analysis in combination with lab testing of novel mitigation options using accelerometers, dynamic pressure transducers, and strain gages were performed to better understand the phenomenon and develop possible solutions to reduce the impact of AIV on piping systems.
Results of the testing and analyses performed at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) indicate that there is a possible correlation with acoustic modes, structural modes, and elevated stresses during AIV events. Minor reductions in dynamic pressure fluctuations throughout piping during AIV events can be made by changes in valve geometry and piping configurations. Results of CFD modeling and analysis demonstrate that computational analysis can be used to evaluate mitigation strategies and suggest that the use of a dampener as a mitigation technique may be successful in reducing the amplitudes of dynamic pressure waves in piping systems caused by AIV events.
Assembly of Bolted Flanged and Support Joints for Use in Elevated Temperature Exhaust Systems
Authors: Dorgan Jason E. , Gjinolli Agron E. 
Published: November 2018

Ancillary exhaust system structural design for turbines typically employs a separation of responsibilities between the design and installation functions. The design expectations must be implemented correctly during the installation phase to allow long-term serviceability and success of the turbine exhaust system.
This paper will explore a case study reviewing bolt tightening of duct structural angle and plate flange joints using compressible high temperature fiberglass gasket material, as well as design suggestions for metal-on-metal duct sliding support joints to structural steel. Improper design and operation can lead to failure, downtime, warranty cost and reduced design life of the exhaust system. It is not uncommon for field installation personnel to modify key system design requirements during the installation phase; typically out of habit, perceived best practice, missed installation instructions and/or misunderstanding the system behavior. In addition, maintenance recommendations are often overlooked.
Literature provides extensive background for bolting of stationary metal-to-metal plate joints, rigid gaskets and pressure vessel joints. There is a gap with respect to structural angle and plate flange joint bolt tensioning using compressible fiberglass gaskets at low pressures and high temperatures. Much of the industry standard tightening philosophy is useful, but has not been extensively studied and written about with respect to flanges under high exhaust temperatures or for sliding joints exposed to thermal expansion.
This paper summarizes current industry practice, presents relevant test data and a case study, analyzes the effects of high thermal stresses, and recommends a tightening procedure for typical field applications of flange joints using high temperature gaskets, and the design of metal-to-metal sliding support joints.
Development of New Design Fatigue Curves in Japan: Discussion of Best Fit Curves Based on Fatigue Test Data With Large Scale Piping
Authors: Bodai Masaru , Fukuta Yuichi , Asada Seiji , Hayashi Kentaro 
Published: November 2018

In order to develop new design fatigue curves for austenitic carbon steels & low alloy steels and stainless steels and a new design fatigue evaluation method that are rational and have clear design basis, Design Fatigue Curve (DFC) Phase 1 subcommittee and Phase 2 subcommittee were established in the Atomic Energy Research Committee in the Japan Welding Engineering Society. The study on design fatigue curves was actively performed in the subcommittees.
In the subcommittees, domestic and foreign fatigue data of small test specimens in air were collected and a comprehensive fatigue database was constructed. Using this fatigue database, the accurate best-fit curves of austenitic carbon steels & low alloy steels and stainless steels were developed by applying tensile strength to a parameter of the curve.
Regarding design factors on design fatigue curves, data scatter, mean stress correction, surface finishing effect, size effect and variable loading effect were investigated and each design factor was decided to be individually considered on the design fatigue curves.
A Japanese utility project performed large scale fatigue tests using austenitic stainless steel piping and carbon and low-alloy steel flat plates as well as fatigue tests using small specimens to obtain not only basic data but also fatigue data of mean stress effect and surface finishing effect. Those test results were provided to the subcommittee and utilized the above studies.
In this paper, the large scale fatigue tests using austenitic stainless steel piping and the best-fit curve of austenitic stainless steel are discussed.
Research and Development of Three-Dimensional Isolation System for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor: Part 2 — Details of Characteristics for Disc Springs and Oil Dampers on Basis of Full-Scale Loading Tests
Authors: Somaki Takahiro , Fukasawa Tsuyoshi , Miyagawa Takayuki , Yamamoto Tomohiko , Hibako Yoshifumi , Okamoto Masanari , Noda Osamu , Ishizuka Futoshi 
Published: November 2018

Being compatible with the seismic and thermal loads for the large Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR), the three-dimensional isolation system is inevitable technology. The three-dimensional isolation system consists of the thick rubber bearings, the disc springs and the oil dampers.
Since the isolation performances on the rubber bearings in the horizontal direction have been revealed by the previous studies [1], the vertical isolation performance and characteristics such as restoring force and damping performance should be clarified by loading tests to build the analytical model. This paper presents these fundamental vertical isolation characteristics obtained by loading tests with full-scaled disc springs and oil dampers. The disc springs as the vertical restoring forces have 700 mm in external diameter and 34 mm in thickness. The oil dampers have the maximum damping force of 2,000 kN at the velocity of 0.25 m/s. The disc spring is one of the largest size, and the oil damper is one of the largest damping capacity in Japan.
The static loading tests such as incremental cyclic loadings under the supporting load were conducted to investigate the restoring force characteristics for the disc springs. The dynamic loading using sinusoidal waves with varied input frequencies or the seismic response waves obtained by seismic response analysis were conducted to investigate the damping performance for the oil dampers.
The applicability of the design method and the analytical model for disc springs and oil dampers were demonstrated by the restoring force characteristics obtained from tests.
It should be noted, this paper is in series from Part 1.