bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water influences how seed production responds to conspecific and heterospecific pollen
Authors: Recart Wilnelia , Ottoson Brittany , Campbell Diane R. 
Published: April 2019

PremiseOutcrossing species depend on pollen from conspecific individuals that may not be exposed to the same abiotic conditions as maternal plants. Additionally, many flowers receive heterospecific pollen, which can also influence seed production. Studies aimed to understand how abiotic conditions influence seed production tend to focus on maternal conditions and leave unexplored the effect of abiotic conditions experienced by pollen donors. We tested how water availability to pollen donors, both conspecific and heterospecific, influenced the seed production of recipient plants exposed to different water availability regimes.MethodsIn a greenhouse setting we manipulated the water availability (low‐ or high‐water treatment) to potted recipient plants (Phacelia parryi), to conspecific pollen donors, and to heterospecific pollen donors (Brassica nigra). We hand pollinated recipient plants with different pollen mixes that represented all combinations of conspecific pollen mixed with heterospecific pollen. From these hand pollinations we determined the amount of pollen that was transferred, pollen volume, pollen shape, and seed production.ResultsHigher water availability to conspecific pollen donors led to higher seed production. Under low water availability to heterospecific pollen donors, seed production was unaffected by recipient or conspecific pollen donor treatment. Under high water availability to heterospecific pollen donors, seed production was highest when conspecific pollen donors and pollen recipients also received the high‐water treatment.ConclusionsEnvironmental conditions of pollen donors can influence the seed production of maternal plants. These results illustrate potential impacts of environmental heterogeneity on post‐pollination events that lead to seed production and thus impact a pollinator's contribution to plant fitness.
Variations in epiphyseal fusion and persistence of the epiphyseal line in the appendicular skeleton of two identified modern (19th–20th c.) adult Portuguese and Italian samples
Authors: Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Rastelli Elisa , Iannuzzi Vincenzo , Toselli Stefania , Mariotti Valentina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this work is to study age, sex, and population variations in epiphyseal fusion and persistence of the epiphyseal line in the appendicular skeleton of two identified modern (19th–20th c.) adult skeletal samples, using a specifically designed macroscopic scoring method. The use of epiphyseal closure and persistence of the epiphyseal line as an adult‐age marker is also discussed.Materials and methodsThis study examined 981 adult skeletons of both sexes from two identified modern (20th c.) skeletal samples from the Sassari Collection (Museum of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Italy) and the Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados (Museum of Anthropology, University of Coimbra, Portugal). Our scoring method considers a five‐degree scale, from nonfusion (Degree 0) to complete fusion (Degree 4). In addition, the persistence of the epiphyseal line, a feature that is not commonly collected during routine anthropological analyses, is taken into account here as Degree 3.ResultsIntra‐ and interobserver errors of 1.2% and 5.2%, respectively, were found, suggesting a good reproducibility of this scoring method. Some sites show variable degrees of epiphyseal fusion still in adult skeletons (e.g., secondary center of ossification of the clavicle, iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, distal epiphysis of the radius and ulna).ConclusionsPopulation differences have been observed, showing a delay in the complete epiphyseal closure for the Sassari sample compared to the Coimbra sample. Degree 3 seems to be a good adult‐age indicator for individuals less than 35‐year‐old.
Large Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Effect and High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) Observed Coexisting in Gallium Selenide
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Ping , Cheng Xiyue , Sun Zong‐Dong , Chi Yang , Liu Bin‐Wen , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Li Shu‐Fang , Xue Huai‐Guo , Deng Shuiquan , Duppel Viola , Köhler Jürgen , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA big challenge for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is the application in high power lasers, which needs the simultaneous occurrence of large second harmonic generation (SHG) and high laser induced damage threshold (LIDT). Herein we report the preparation of a new Ga2Se3 phase, which shows the SHG intensities of around 2.3 times and the LIDT of around 16.7 times those of AgGaS2 (AGS), respectively. In addition, its IR transparent window ca. 0.59–25 μm is also significantly wider than that of AGS (ca. 0.48–≈11.4 μm). The occurrence of the strong SHG responses and good phase‐matching indicate that the structure of the new Ga2Se3 phase can only be non‐centrosymmetric and have a lower symmetry than the cubic γ‐phase. The observed excellent SHG and phase‐matching properties are consistent with our diffraction experiments and can be well explained by using the orthorhombic models obtained through our high throughput simulations.
A facile route to prepare homogeneous silicone resin doped with titanium
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Fu Zien , Huang Hengchao , Chen Zhonghua , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA facile route was introduced to prepare homogeneous silicone resin doped with titanium hybrid with high refractive index (RI). Specifically, the hybrids were obtained from the transesterification of hydroxyl‐phenyl‐vinyl silicone resin and titanium isopropoxide under anhydrous conditions. The structures of hybrid silicone and their corresponding intermediates (hydroxyl‐phenyl‐vinyl silicone) were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 29Si NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hybrids had a transmittance of more than 88% ranging from 450 nm to 800 nm, a high RI of 1.585, and a lower water vapor permeability of 3.58 g /m2.24h. Results from FTIR showed intensity of Ti‐O‐Si bond in hybrid decrease with extended the storage time, but the properties of cured hybrids including optical, mechanical, and gas permeability were not influenced. Compared to chips encapsulated with pure silicone, the luminous efficiency of the chips encapsulated with hybrids was improved from 138.6 lm/W to 156.4 lm/W. The thermal shock and hygrothermal aging test also demonstrated the hybrids had a wide range application in light‐emitting diode (LED) packaging. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47834.
Projection of fossil fuel demands in Vietnam to 2050 and climate change implications
Authors: Tran Quang Minh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, Vietnam has emerged as one of the world's fastest growing economies. Fossil fuel use, which is a dominant energy source and vital for economic growth, have been increasing considerably. Undoubtedly, the projection of fossil fuel demand is essential for a better understanding of energy needs, fuel mix, and Vietnam's strategic development. This paper provides an outlook for coal, oil, and gas demand in Vietnam to 2050. The projection is based on the calibrated results from a hybrid model (that combines a GTAP‐ R version for resources, and a micro simulation approach) and an energy database. Under the baseline scenario (business as usual), from 2018 to 2050, the demand for coal, oil products, and gas are expected to increase by a factor of 2.47‐fold, 2.14‐fold, and 1.67‐fold, respectively. Emissions are also projected to increase. Because fossil fuels are the dominant source of carbon emissions in Vietnam, it follows, going forward, that an effective fuel‐mix strategy that encourages the development of renewables and energy efficiency is essential.
A non randomized mentalization intervention for parents of children with autism
Authors: Enav Yael , Erhard‐Weiss Dana , Kopelman Mirit , Samson Andrea C. , Mehta Smriti , Gross James J. , Hardan Antonio Y. 
Published: April 2019

Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report higher levels of stress and other negative affective states than parents of typically developing children. One important resource in managing these heightened levels of negative affect is emotion regulation, which in turn depends upon the ability to recognize and understand one's own and others' mental states (referred to as mentalization or reflective functioning). In this study, parents of children with ASD either participated in a mentalization‐based group intervention (N = 36) or a delayed treatment (N = 28). Compared to delayed treatment participants, parents in the mentalization‐based group had increases in reflective functioning and in the belief that emotions can change. Moreover, they reported decreased behavioral and emotional symptoms in their children, and greater parental self‐efficacy. These preliminary findings support previous studies, which have shown that mentalization‐based interventions for parents lead to positive outcomes, and suggest that these findings may apply to a diverse population of parents such as those of children with broader autism phenotype or children with different neurological disorders. Further studies to evaluate the effects of the intervention are recommended. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1077–1086. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this study, parents of children with ASD participated in a group intervention designed to increase their awareness of mental states (their own and their children's) and to enhance their emotion regulation. Compared to delayed treatment parents, those in the intervention group showed increased awareness of developmental states, and reported increased belief that emotions can change and decreased levels of behavioral and emotional symptoms in their children.
Colonic dilation and altered ex vivo gastrointestinal motility in the neuroligin‐3 knockout mouse
Authors: Leembruggen Anita J. L. , Balasuriya Gayathri K. , Zhang Jinghong , Schokman Shana , Swiderski Kristy , Bornstein Joel C. , Nithianantharajah Jess , Hill‐Yardin Elisa L. 
Published: April 2019

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is commonly reported by people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; autism) but the cause is unknown. Mutations in genes encoding synaptic proteins including Neuroligin‐3 are associated with autism. Mice lacking Neuroligin‐3 (Nlgn3−/−) have altered brain function, but whether the enteric nervous system (ENS) is altered remains unknown. We assessed for changes in GI structure and function in Nlgn3−/− mice. We found no significant morphological differences in villus height or crypt depth in the jejunum or colon between wildtype (WT) and Nlgn3−/− mice. To determine whether deletion of Nlgn3 affects enteric neurons, we stained for neural markers in the myenteric plexus. Nlgn3−/− mice had similar numbers of neurons expressing the pan‐neuronal marker Hu in the jejunum, proximal mid, and distal colon regions. We also found no differences in the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS+) or calretinin (CalR+) motor neurons and interneurons between WT and Nlgn3−/− mice. We used ex vivo video imaging analysis to assess colonic motility under baseline conditions and observed faster colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and an increased colonic diameter in Nlgn3−/− mice, although CMMC frequency was unchanged. At baseline, CMMCs were faster in Nlgn3−/− mice compared to WT. Although the numbers of neuronal subsets are conserved in Nlgn3−/− mice, these findings suggest that Neuroligin‐3 modulates inhibitory neural pathways in the ENS and may contribute to mechanisms underlying GI disorders in autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 691–701. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published byWiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryPeople with autism commonly experience gut problems. Many gene mutations associated with autism affect neuronal activity. We studied mice in which the autism‐associated Neuroligin‐3 gene is deleted to determine whether this impacts gut neuronal numbers or motility. We found that although mutant mice had similar gut structure and numbers of neurons in all gut regions examined, they had distended colons and faster colonic muscle contractions. Further work is needed to understand how Neuroligin‐3 affects neuron connectivity in the gastrointestinal tract.
Three to four years outcomes of the absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold versus second‐generation drug‐eluting stent: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Goel Sunny , Pasam Ravi Teja , Chava Srilekha , Sharma Abhishek , Malik Bilal Ahmad , Ayzenberg Sergey , Frankel Robert , Shani Jacob , Gidwani Umesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis sought to evaluate the outcomes of absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) compared with second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) after 3 years, the approximate time of complete polymer bioresorption.BackgroundBVS were found to be inferior to second‐generation DES in early and mid‐term outcomes with a higher rate of target vessel myocardial infarction (TV‐MI) and device thrombosis (DT). Improper implantation techniques and incomplete bioresorption of the poly‐l‐lactide (PLLA) polymer were sighted as possible reasons.MethodsWe conducted an electronic database search for all randomized control trials that compared absorb BVS to second‐generation DES and reported outcomes of interest after 3 years of absorb BVS implantation. Assuming interstudy heterogeneity, a random‐effects analysis was conducted with odds ratio as the effect size of choice to compare the event rates between the two groups.ResultsA total of four studies (n = 3,245, BVS = 2075, DES = 1,170) were included in the final analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that there was no difference between absorb BVS and second‐generation DES with respect to target lesion failure (TLF) (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.73–2.07, p = 0.44), TV‐MI (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.42–2.53, p = 0.95), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.77–3.33, p = 0.20) and definite/probable DT (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.10–5.07, p = 0.74). Also, there was no difference in cardiac mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.22–1.94, p = 0.45).ConclusionsBetween 3 and 4 years of follow‐up, patients receiving absorb BVS did not have significantly different outcomes, in terms of TLF, TV‐MI, TLR, DT, and cardiac mortality, compared to DES.
Slender distal radial five French coronary shockwave lithotripsy
Authors: Sgueglia Gregory A. , Gioffrè Gaetano , Piccioni Fabiana , Gaspardone Achille 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite technological evolution, percutaneous coronary interventions targeting coronary calcifications remain challenging and associated with high rates of complications and adverse outcomes. Over the years, rotational atherectomy has emerged as the reference treatment of calcified coronary artery lesions despite some inherent limitations. Also, rotational atherectomy typically requires relatively large guiding catheters which may unfavorably impact on the decision for transradial access, especially when radial artery is small, and consequently offset the relevant clinical benefits associated to transradial access. Recently, a new technology has been introduced in interventional practice to implement coronary lithotripsy. The device implements multiple small emitters enclosed in a coronary balloon creating sonic pressure waves to selectively fracture calcium within the plaque and favorably modify vessel compliance. Owing to its specific design, coronary shockwave lithotripsy could be used with small bore guiding catheters which may allow for straightforward transradial percutaneous treatment of calcified coronary lesions even in patients with a small radial artery. To illustrate this concept, we report the first experience of slender transradial coronary shockwave lithotripsy with a five French sheathless guiding catheter.
Nitrogen/Cobalt Co‐doped Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres Derived from Amorphous Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Bai Yafeng , Yang Duanguang , Yang Mei , Chen Hongbiao , Liu Yijiang , Li Huaming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNitrogen/cobalt co‐doped carbon (Co/N−C) catalysts are the best candidates to replace their Fe‐based analogues for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), owing to the absence of radical‐induced PEMFC membrane/ionomer degradations that are commonly encountered in the Fe/N−C system. Herein, we present an amorphous Co‐metal organic framework (MOF) route for the fabrication of N/Co co‐doped mesoporous carbon spheres by directly pyrolyzing amorphous Co‐MOF microspheres. The as‐synthesized Co/N−C‐800 catalyst (heat‐treated at 800 °C) has a unique spherical architecture with short nanotubes on its surface and simultaneously possesses a relatively large Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area (381 m2 g−1) and a high N content (4.95 at%). Owing to these benefits, the Co/N−C‐800 catalyst displays good ORR performance in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes, that is, the ORR onset potential (Eo), half‐wave potential (E1/2), and current density at 0.4 V (vs. RHE, J@0.4) are 0.981 V (vs. RHE), 0.872 V (vs. RHE), and 5.47 mA cm−2, respectively, in alkaline media, and 0.863 V (vs. RHE), 0.707 V (vs. RHE), and 5.29 mA cm−2, respectively, in acidic electrolyte. More importantly, the Co/N−C‐800 catalyst also exhibits excellent poison tolerance in acidic electrolytes.
Spectroscopic and Electronic Properties of Molybdacarborane Complexes with Non‐innocently Acting Ligands
Authors: Schwarze Benedikt , Sobottka Sebastian , Schiewe Robert , Sarkar Biprajit , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe molybdacarboranes [3‐{L‐κ2N,N}‐3‐(CO)2‐closo‐3,1,2‐MoC2B9H11] (L=2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy, 1 a) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (1,10‐phen, 1 b)) incorporating well‐known potentially non‐innocent ligands (CO, 2,2′‐bpy, 1,10‐phen) and the “non‐spectator” nido‐carborane ([η5‐C2B9H11]2−) ligand were prepared and fully characterised. High‐resolution mass spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods, spectroscopy (IR, (resonance) Raman, NMR), cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry (electrochemical properties) were supported by theoretical investigations of the electronic structure (DFT, CAS‐SCF, TD‐DFT).
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electron‐Transfer Properties of Ferrocene–BODIPY–Fullerene Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Triads: Are Catecholopyrrolidine‐Linked Fullerenes a Good Architecture to Facilitate Electron‐Transfer?
Authors: Zatsikha Yuriy V. , Swedin Rachel K. , Healy Andrew T. , Goff Philip C. , Didukh Natalia O. , Blesener Tanner S. , Kayser Mathew , Kovtun Yuriy P. , Blank David A. , Nemykin Victor N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA series of covalent ferrocene–BODIPY–fullerene triads with the ferrocene groups conjugated to the BODIPY π‐system and the fullerene acceptor linked at the boron hub by a common catecholpyrrolidine bridge were prepared and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, UV/Vis, steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and, for one of the derivatives, X‐ray crystallography. Redox processes of the new compounds were investigated by electrochemical (CV and DPV) methods and spectroelectrochemistry. DFT calculations indicate that the HOMO in all triads was delocalized between ferrocene and BODIPY π‐system, the LUMO was always fullerene‐centered, and the catechol‐centered occupied orbital was close in energy to the HOMO. TDDFT calculations were indicative of the low‐energy, low‐intensity charge‐transfer bands originated from the ferrocene–BODIPY core to fullerene excitation, which explained the similarity of the UV/Vis spectra of the ferrocene–BODIPY dyads and ferrocene–BODIPY–fullerene triads. Photophysical properties of the new triads as well as reference BODIPY–fullerene and ferrocene–BODIPY dyads were investigated by pump‐probe spectroscopy in the UV/Vis and NIR spectral regions following selective excitation of the BODIPY‐based antenna. Initial charge transfer from the ferrocene to the BODIPY core was shown to outcompete sub‐100 fs deactivation of the excited state mediated by the catechol bridge. However, no subsequent electron transfer to the fullerene acceptor was observed. The initial charge separated state relaxes by recombination with a time constant of 150–380 ps.
Synthesis of meso‐Alkyl‐Substituted Norcorrole–NiII Complexes and Conversion to 5‐Oxaporphyrins(2.0.1.0)
Authors: Liu Si‐Yu , Tanaka Hiroko , Nozawa Ryo , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of antiaromatic NiII–norcorroles having primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups at the reactive meso‐positions was attempted. Reductive coupling of a NiII–dipyrrin precursor provided NiII–meso‐dihexylnorcorrole, which underwent substantial degradation on silica gel. Introduction of tert‐butyl groups was unsuccessful due to the difficult preparation of the corresponding dipyrrin precursor. Meanwhile, NiII–norcorroles with isopropyl and cyclohexyl groups were isolated as stable molecules under ambient conditions. Furthermore, we found that oxidation of NiII–meso‐dialkylnorcorroles with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium carbonate gave NiII–5‐oxaporphyrins(2.0.1.0). In contrast, oxidation of NiII–meso‐dimesitylnorcorrole under the same reaction conditions gave 10‐oxaporphyrin(1.1.1.0). The contrasting reactivity can be attributed to the steric congestion around the meso‐positions.
Pentanuclear Gold(I) Cluster with an Axially Chiral Biaryl Center: Synthesis and Chiral Transformation
Authors: Xue Yang , Zhao Liang 
Published: April 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionWe synthesized and structurally characterized a novel pentanuclear gold(I) cluster by a Ag(I)‐mediated organometallic transformation. The racemic mixture of this pentanuclear gold cluster has been successfully transformed into an enantio‐rich hexanuclear cluster compound by adding adscititious chiral species [Au2(S‐BINAP)2]2+ (S‐BINAP = (S)‐2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1’‐binaphthyl). In this process, a [AuPPh3]+ species in the pentanuclear cluster is replaced by [Au2(S‐BINAP)2]2+. This strategy represents a new method for the designed construction of chiral metal clusters.
Origins of Catalyst Inhibition in the Manganese‐Catalysed Oxidation of Lignin Model Compounds with H2O2
Authors: Barbieri Alessia , Kasper Johann B. , Mecozzi Francesco , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Browne Wesley R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe upgrading of complex bio‐renewable feedstock, such as lignocellulose, through depolymerisation benefits from the selective reactions at key functional groups. Applying homogeneous catalysts developed for selective organic oxidative transformations to complex feedstock such as lignin is challenged by the presence of interfering components. The selection of appropriate model compounds is essential in applying new catalytic systems and identifying such interferences. Here, it was shown by using as an example the oxidation of a model substrate containing a β‐O‐4 linkage with H2O2 and an in situ‐prepared manganese‐based catalyst, capable of efficient oxidation of benzylic alcohols, that interference from compounds liberated during the reaction can prevent its application to lignocellulose depolymerisation.