bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of trans and Total Vitamin K1 in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC with Post Column Reduction and Fluorescence Detection: Multilaboratory Testing Study, AOAC Final Action 2015.09
Authors: Schimpf Karen J , Butler Thompson Linda D , Pan Shang-Jing ,   Collaborators:, Delmonte P , Domer C , Joseph G , Malaviole I , Mittal A , Plaut T , Thompson M , Tian F 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A multilaboratory study was completed with AOAC INTERNATIONAL First Action Official MethodSM 2015.09, “Determination of trans and Total (cis+trans) Vitamin K1 in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC with Post Column Reduction and Fluorescence Detection.” Eight laboratories from six countries participated in the multilaboratory study. Each laboratory analyzed 19 infant, pediatric, and adult nutritionals in duplicate. The product matrixes analyzed included milk, soy, partially hydrolyzed milk, partially hydrolyzed soy, and elemental-based infant formula powders; milk-based infant formula ready-to-feed liquids; pediatric powders; adult low- and high-fat powders; and high-protein ready-to-drink nutritionals. Vitamin K1 was extracted from product matrixes with isooctane after precipitation of proteins and the release of lipids with methanol. Prepared samples were injected onto a silica HPLC column in which cis and trans vitamin K1 were separated with an isooctane–isopropanol mobile phase. The column eluent was mixed with a dilute ethanolic solution of zinc chloride, sodium acetate, and acetic acid, and cis and trans vitamin K1 were reduced to fluorescent derivatives in a zinc reactor column. Overall, trans vitamin K1 repeatability averaged 3.06% relative standard deviation (RSD) with a range of 0.99–7.16% RSD and reproducibility averaged 6.36% RSD with a range of 3.15–16.1% RSD. Repeatability Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) were met for all 19 matrixes, and reproducibility SMPRs were met for 18 of the 19 product matrixes analyzed. Repeatability and reproducibility for total (cis + trans) vitamin K1 averaged 3.15% RSD with a range of 1.06–6.87% RSD and 6.11% RSD with a range of 2.94–16.7% RSD, respectively.
Sky view factor and thermal comfort analysis using hemispheric images from Google Street View and wavelet in an urban ecosystem of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Rocha Angela Fatima da , Silva Ernany Paranaguá da , Musis Carlo Ralph de , Nogueira Marta Cristina de Albuquerque 
Published: July 2018

This article aims to analyse the sky view factor (SVF) in one of the hottest cities of the Brazilian Cerrado, and its correlation with thermal comfort in two urban sections with different characteristics, as well as the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and predicted mean vote (PMV) indices, complemented by a characterisation in the frequency field for a 12-month cut-off in the same year of relative air temperature and humidity. The study area was located in the central region of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, due to the presence of regions with high urbanisation indices and small parks; one section composed of afforested area and second section composed of varied buildings. To obtain the SVF, the Google Street View image database was used, from which fisheye images were reconstructed and the SVF was determined using RayMan software. The PET and PMV indices were determined for the morning, afternoon, and evening, with comfort in the morning and discomfort in the afternoon and evening. Traditional Morlet wavelets were plotted for time series of relative air temperature and humidity for the year 2015, which qualitatively demonstrated some of the dynamics of these micrometeorological variables for tropical Cerrado climate.
Increased conspiracy beliefs among ethnic and Muslim minorities
Authors: van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , Staman Jaap , Krouwel André P.M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the present study, we tested whether Muslim minority members are more susceptible to conspiracy theories than majority members in the Netherlands. We examined conspiracy theories that are relevant (portraying the Muslim community as victim or Jewish people as perpetrators) and irrelevant for participants' Muslim identity (about the 2007 financial crisis, and other theories such as that the moon landings were fake). Results revealed that Muslims believed both identity‐relevant and irrelevant conspiracy theories more strongly than non‐Muslims. These differences could not be attributed to the contents of Muslim faith: Ethnic minority status exerted similar effects independent of Muslim identity. Instead, evidence suggested that feelings of both personal and group‐based deprivation independently contribute to belief in conspiracy theories. We conclude that feelings of deprivation lead marginalized minority members to perceive the social and political system as rigged, stimulating belief in both identity‐relevant and irrelevant conspiracy theories.
Association Between Quantitatively Measured Infrapatellar Fat Pad High Signal‐Intensity Alteration and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Assessed Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Han Weiyu , Aitken Dawn , Zheng Shuang , Wluka Anita E. , Zhu Zhaohua , Blizzard Leigh , Winzenberg Tania , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Ding Changhai 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between quantitative measures of infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) signal‐intensity alteration and knee structural abnormalities in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 261 patients (mean ± SD age 63.0 ± 7.2 years) with symptomatic knee OA were selected from a randomized controlled trial with a follow‐up of 2 years. IPFP signal‐intensity alterations at baseline were quantitatively measured on T2‐weighted fat‐saturated magnetic resonance imaging using MATLAB. These quantitative measures included the SD of whole IPFP signal intensity measurement, the upper quartile value of high signal intensity (UQH), the ratio of volume of high signal‐intensity alteration to volume of whole IPFP (percentageH), and the clustering effect of high signal intensity (clustering‐factorH). Cartilage volume and defects and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) were assessed using validated measures.ResultsHigher baseline SD of the IPFP, UQH, and clustering‐factorH were associated with greater loss of tibial cartilage volume and larger increases in tibiofemoral cartilage defects over 2 years. Patients with high and medium tertiles of clustering‐factorH had greater loss of cartilage volume per annum compared with those with a low tertile (for high 4.9%, for medium 4.6%, and for low 3.3% annually). Baseline percentageH and clustering‐factorH were positively and significantly associated with increases in tibiofemoral BMLs over 2 years. Cross‐sectional associations between IPFP measures and knee structures were similar but more consistent.ConclusionQuantitative measures of increased signal intensity in the IPFP were associated with knee structural abnormalities in the tibiofemoral compartment, suggesting that these measurements could be used as an additional entry criterion to enrich studies for faster progressors of knee OA.
2D Polymers as Emerging Materials for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Ying , Chen Liang , Xu Hangxun , Xiong Yujie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConverting solar energy into storable and transportable chemical fuels using artificial photosynthetic systems can provide an alternative route to the current unsustainable use of fossil fuels, addressing the worldwide energy crisis and environmental issues. Recently, semiconducting polymers have emerged as a very promising class of photocatalysts for water splitting as their electronic and structural properties can be conveniently controlled and systematically designed at a molecular level. Among the various polymer photocatalysts that are reported so far, 2D polymer nanosheets are particularly interesting and gaining more attention. The 2D planar structure offers unique features such as high surface area, abundant surface active sites, efficient charge separation, and facile formation of heterostructures. The design and synthesis of 2D polymer nanosheets have greatly advanced the research in photocatalytic overall water splitting. Here, recent advances in developing photocatalysts based on 2D polymer nanosheets for photocatalytic overall water splitting are highlighted. Specifically, the existing approaches to tune their electronic structures and surface active sites for photocatalysis are discussed. Future opportunities and challenges for developing 2D polymers for photocatalytic overall water splitting are also included.
Low‐Power, Electrochemically Tunable Graphene Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Sharbati Mohammad Taghi , Du Yanhao , Torres Jorge , Ardolino Nolan D. , Yun Minhee , Xiong Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain‐inspired neuromorphic computing has the potential to revolutionize the current computing paradigm with its massive parallelism and potentially low power consumption. However, the existing approaches of using digital complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor devices (with “0” and “1” states) to emulate gradual/analog behaviors in the neural network are energy intensive and unsustainable; furthermore, emerging memristor devices still face challenges such as nonlinearities and large write noise. Here, an electrochemical graphene synapse, where the electrical conductance of graphene is reversibly modulated by the concentration of Li ions between the layers of graphene is presented. This fundamentally different mechanism allows to achieve a good energy efficiency (<500 fJ per switching event), analog tunability (>250 nonvolatile states), good endurance, and retention performances, and a linear and symmetric resistance response. Essential neuronal functions such as excitatory and inhibitory synapses, long‐term potentiation and depression, and spike timing dependent plasticity with good repeatability are demonstrated. The scaling study suggests that this simple, two‐dimensional synapse is scalable in terms of switching energy and speed.
Synthetic Methods for 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles via Indole Ring Formation
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Harada Shingo , Nakajima Masaya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract3,4‐Fused tricyclic indole frameworks are found in various bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. The development of an efficient synthetic method for this structural motif has therefore attracted attention in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the synthesis of 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles. This class of synthetic methods can be roughly classified into two categories: methods using functionalized indole derivatives as starting materials to construct a fused medium‐sized ring (Types A–D: Category I), and methods of constructing a 3,4‐fused tricyclic indole skeleton via indole ring formation (Types E–G: Category II). In this focus review, synthetic methods for 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles classified as Category II methods are highlighted, following a brief overview of the Category I methods.
S−H⋅⋅⋅π Driven Anti‐Markovnikov Thiol‐Yne Click Reaction
Authors: Choudhuri Khokan , Pramanik Milan , Mandal Arkalekha , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein we demonstrate that an anti‐Markovnikov selective thiol‐yne‐click (TYC) reaction could be achieved between phenyl acetylenes and thiophenols by exploiting a newly identified S−H⋅⋅⋅π non‐covalent interaction without using any catalysts, additives and solvents. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses also supported that S−H⋅⋅⋅π and cooperative π–π stacking interactions helped to promote this regioselective reaction. The hydrothiolated products were isolated in near quantitative yields. Also, the concept of self‐sorting was demonstrated when styrene, phenyl acetylene and thiophenols were reacted in one pot. Owing to the stronger S−H⋅⋅⋅π preference of ethynyl≡H over the vinyl=H hydrogen bond, selectively, TYC product formation was found to be dominating over the thiol‐ene‐click (TEC) product.
Three‐Dimensional Heterocycles by Iron‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Sulfoxide Imidation
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Zhen , Bolm Carsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA general and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of cyclic sulfoximines by intramolecular imidations of azido‐containing sulfoxides using a commercially available FeII phthalocyanine (FeIIPc) as catalyst has been developed. The method conveys a broad functional group tolerance and the resulting three‐dimensional heterocycles can be modified by cross‐coupling reactions.
The Broad Aryl Acid Specificity of the Amide Bond Synthetase McbA Suggests Potential for the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Petchey Mark , Cuetos Anibal , Rowlinson Benjamin , Dannevald Stephanie , Frese Amina , Sutton Peter W. , Lovelock Sarah , Lloyd Richard C. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAmide bond formation is one of the most important reactions in pharmaceutical synthetic chemistry. The development of sustainable methods for amide bond formation, including those that are catalyzed by enzymes, is therefore of significant interest. The ATP‐dependent amide bond synthetase (ABS) enzyme McbA, from Marinactinospora thermotolerans, catalyzes the formation of amides as part of the biosynthetic pathway towards the marinacarboline secondary metabolites. The reaction proceeds via an adenylate intermediate, with both adenylation and amidation steps catalyzed within one active site. In this study, McbA was applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical‐type amides from a range of aryl carboxylic acids with partner amines provided at 1–5 molar equivalents. The structure of McbA revealed the structural determinants of aryl acid substrate tolerance and differences in conformation associated with the two half reactions catalyzed. The catalytic performance of McbA, coupled with the structure, suggest that this and other ABS enzymes may be engineered for applications in the sustainable synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant (chiral) amides.
Control of the Alternating Sequence for N‐Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and Methacrylic Acid Units in a Copolymer by Cyclopolymerization and Transformation of the Cyclopendant Group
Authors: Kametani Yuki , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Ouchi Makoto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn alternating copolymer of methacrylic acid and N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) was synthesized by selective cyclopolymerization of a special divinyl monomer and transformation of repeating cyclo‐units in the resultant cyclopolymer. Crucial to the breakthrough is the monomer design in view of two types of cleavable bonds (3° ester and activated ester) in the pendant group of the monomer and the lower reactivity ratio of the two double bonds (methacrylate and electron‐poor acrylate) for the polymerizable groups. The thus‐obtained cyclopolymer was transformed into the alternating copolymer by transformation of the activated ester into amide by isopropyl amine and cleavage of the 3° ester by trifluoroacetic acid. The resultant copolymer showed thermal and pH response in aqueous solution that was different from the 1:1 random copolymer as well as the homopolymers.
Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction on ZnN4‐based Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Yang Fa , Song Ping , Liu Xiaozhi , Mei Bingbao , Xing Wei , Jiang Zheng , Gu Lin , Xu Weilin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to carbon monoxide (CO) is the basis for the further synthesis of more complex carbon‐based fuels or attractive feedstock. Single‐atom catalysts have unique electronic and geometric structures with respect to their bulk counterparts, thus exhibiting unexpected catalytic activities. A nitrogen‐anchored Zn single‐atom catalyst is presented for CO formation from CO2RR with high catalytic activity (onset overpotential down to 24 mV), high selectivity (Faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO) up to 95 % at −0.43 V), remarkable durability (>75 h without decay of FECO), and large turnover frequency (TOF, up to 9969 h−1). Further experimental and DFT results indicate that the four‐nitrogen‐anchored Zn single atom (Zn‐N4) is the main active site for CO2RR with low free energy barrier for the formation of *COOH as the rate‐limiting step.
Manganese Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Organic Carbonates to Methanol and Alcohols
Authors: Kumar Amit , Janes Trevor , Espinosa‐Jalapa Noel Angel , Milstein David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe first example of a homogeneous catalyst based on an earth‐abundant metal for the hydrogenation of organic carbonates to methanol and alcohols is reported. Based on the mechanistic investigation, which indicates metal‐ligand cooperation between the manganese center and the N−H group of the pincer ligand, we propose that the hydrogenation of organic carbonates to methanol occurs via formate and aldehyde intermediates. The reaction offers an indirect route for the conversion of CO2 to methanol, which coupled with the use of an earth abundant catalyst, makes the overall process environmentally benign and sustainable.
G‐quadruplex Nanowires To Direct the Efficiency and Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: He Lei , Sun Xiaofu , Zhang Hua , Shao Fangwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA as a medium for electron transfer has been widely used in photolytic processes but is seldom applied to dark reaction of CO2 reduction. A G‐quadruplex nanowire (tsGQwire) assembled by guanine tetranucleotides was used to host several metal complexes and further to mediate electron transfer processes in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 catalyzed by these complexes. The tsGQwire modified electrode increased the Faradaic efficiency of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoIIPc) 2.5‐folds for CO production than bare CoIIPc electrode, with a total current density of 11.5 mA cm−2. Comparable Faradaic efficiency of HCOOH production was achieved on tsGQwire electrode when the catalytic center was switched to a GQ targeting Ru complex. The high efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction was attributed to the unique binding of metal complexes on G‐quadruplex and electron transfer mediated by GQ nanowire to achieve efficient redox cycling of catalytic centers on the electrode.
Development of 16 microsatellite markers for the Korean endemic Vicia hirticalycina (Fabaceae)
Authors: Park Jong‐Won , Choi In‐Su , Choi Byoung‐Hee 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyVicia hirticalycina (Fabaceae) is a narrowly endemic species restricted to mountain valleys of southern Korea. To investigate its fine‐scale genetic diversity and differentiation in Korea, we developed polymorphic microsatellite markers.Methods and ResultsSixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from Illumina MiSeq data. In 74 individual plants from four populations, one to seven alleles were expressed for each locus. The levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.778 and from 0.000 to 0.738, respectively. Cross‐amplification was conducted with three related species and seven to 11 markers were successfully amplified.ConclusionsThese new microsatellite markers will be useful in future studies on the population genetics of V. hirticalycina.
Effects of treadmill exercise on cerebral angiogenesis and MT1‐MMP expression after cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Tang Yi , Zhang Yixian , Zheng MouWei , Chen Jianhao , Chen Hongbin , Liu Nan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increased understanding of treadmill training on angiogenesis of stroke patients, its mechanism is not clearly known. The metalloproteinase membrane type 1‐metalloprotease (MT1‐MMP) promotes the regeneration of the peripheral vessels but seldom research on the regeneration of cerebral blood vessels. This study was designed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on angiogenesis and MT1‐MMP expression after cerebral ischemia in rats.MethodsThe adult male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion group(MCAO) and middle cerebral artery occlusion group(MCAO)+exercise group. In 4d, 7d or 14d after MCAO, respectively, the rats’ neurological function was evaluated by the modified neurologic severity scores (mNSS); the microvessel numbers in areas surrounding cerebral ischemia were counted with Microvessel Density(MVD)analysis; the levels of MT1‐MMP and reversion‐inducing cysteine‐rich protein with Kazalmotifs (RECK) were detected by Western‐blot and immunohistochemical method.ResultsCompared with MCAO group, the number of capillaries and the level of MT1‐MMP expression around the area of cerebral ischemia were significantly increased in each exercise group (p < 0.05), while the level of RECK expression and the scores of mNSS in each exercise group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggested that treadmill exercise training can significantly promote angiogenesis and improve neurological function after cerebral ischemia. Its mechanism may be related to the upgraduation of the MT1‐MMP expression in brain microvessels surrounding area of the ischemic rat.
Configurable simulator for computer architecture and organization
Authors: Radivojevic Zaharije , Stanisavljevic Zarko , Punt Marija 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a novel visual educational configurable simulator for computer architecture and organization (COCONUT). By using the simulator students can create their own processor with an arbitrary architecture and simple organization on the register transfer level, write an assembly program to be executed on the processor and observe the instruction execution phases of the program on the processor. The students can create their processor by using the simulator of a computer system with fixed and configurable parts. The configurable part allows students to use the simulator for defining the instruction decoding of the processor operation unit and the content of the microprogram memory of the processor control unit. The simulator's usage was evaluated at the University of Belgrade—School of Electrical Engineering on two courses for two consecutive school years. The evaluation results showed that 80% of the students stated that the simulator helped them to better understand the course material and that they had a positive user experience with the simulator.
LMS‐supported PBL assessment in an undergraduate engineering program—Case study
Authors: Hussain Yazan A. , Jaeger Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTechnology has clearly infiltrated all aspects of the education process. In traditional teaching settings, there is an abundance of tools that can assist instructors in delivering their courses, as is evident from the number of available learning management systems (LMS) and other tools. However, LMS platforms are not as well developed for non‐traditional teaching techniques in which the students play a bigger role in the learning process. An example of such techniques is the project‐based learning (PBL) model where autonomous group work is at the heart of the course delivery and non‐conventional assessments are utilized. In this study, we explore the potential and highlight some limitations of adapting Moodle (a popular, open source LMS system) to a PBL environment. We show that Moodle has a potential to leverage the learning process when it is utilized as the main communication platform (student‐student and student‐instructor) due to the abundance of accessibility and versatility such a tool provides to the instructor and the students. The use of LMS allowed us to better evaluate the course design, monitor student's performance, and communicate expectations with students. This has resulted in improving the course design, assessment, and students learning as was evidenced from the collected assessment data.