bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Derajat Merokok Aktif Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Primer Pada Pengemudi Bus Non AC di PT. Mayasari Bakti Periode Mei 2016
Authors: Caesario Satria Putra Alfin , Ayu Aprilia Citra , Indrawati Ratna 
Published: March 2019

Derajat merokok aktif adalah perkalian jumlah rata-rata batang rokok yang dihisap dikalikan dengan berapa lamanya merokok dalam tahun, hal ini digunakan untuk menentukan derajat merokok-ringan, sedang, dan berat. Merokok aktif merupakan faktor risiko yang sulit terkontrol sebagai penyebab hipertensi primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase derajat merokok aktif, hipertensi primer, serta besar pengaruh derajat merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi primer pada pengemudi bus non AC di PT. Mayasari Bakti periode Mei 2016. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observational analitic dengan metode penelitian cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 64 pengemudi bus non AC. Data primer diambil dengan menghitung tekanan darah dan memberikan kuesioner kepada responden, kemudian dilakukan analisis dalam bentuk univariat, dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Persentase derajat merokok ringan, sedang, dan berat berturut-turut sebesar 9,4%, 53,1%, dan 37,5% dari 64 responden, sedangkan persentase hipertensi primer pengemudi yang merokok aktif sebesar 81,3%. Hasil uji chi-square p=0,005 (P kurang dari 0,05), namun nilai espektasi kurang dari 5 dan lebih dari 20%, maka dilakukan uji alternatif fisher diperoleh p=0,002 (P kurang dari 0,05). Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh derajat merokok aktif dengan kejadian hipertensi primer pada pengemudi bus non AC.
Pityriasis Versicolor in Kashmir - A Study of 200 Patients
Authors: Manzoor Sheikh , Bhat Yasmeen J 
Published: March 2019

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a mild, superficial chronic infection of the skin characterised by discrete or confluent, scaly discoloured irregular macules on the upper trunk and extremities, caused by a commensal dimorphic fungus Malassezia. It is more common in tropical areas. The aim of present study was to find the epidemiology and clinical pattern of pityriasis versicolor in Kashmir, a temperate area.
Materials and Methods:Two hundred patients of pityriasis versicolor who attended the dermatology OPD at SKIMS Medical College were studied after confirming the diagnosis with KOH test. Most of the patients were male with a male-female ratio of 1.7:1, main age group involved was in second decade. Neck, chest and upper back were the main sites involved with patients presenting mainly with hypopigmented macules. The significant associated dermatological diseases were acne and seborrheic dermatitis. No significant association was seen with any systemic disorder.
Conclusion:The overall clinical course of pityriasis versicolor in Kashmir remains same as in tropical areas. J Med Sci.2010;13(1);4-6
Comparison of 0.5% Ropivacaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine for Epidural Anaesthesia in Patients undergoing Lower Abdominal and Lower Extremity Surgery
Authors: Ommid Mohamad , Jehan Nusrat , Mohammad Khairat , Qazi Shigufta , Ahmad Mubasher , Raksha Kundal 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine, a derivative of mepivacaine like its older counterpart Bupivacaine, has recently been introduced in Indian pharmacopeia. Ropivacaine is an amide local anaesthetic but less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of ropivacaine versus bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower extremity and lower abdominal surgeriesMETHODS: 50 patients were randomized to receive 20ml of 0.5% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine through epidural catheter. Sensory (pinprick) and motor (bromage) measurements were made while the block was in effect, haemodynamic changes; use of additional analgesics and sedatives was noted.RESULTS: The quality and extent of sensory and motor blockade between the two groups was comparable, although bupivacaine was found to be slightly longer acting. Both had similar motor blocking characteristics, with the exception that bupivacaine had a blockade of slightly longer duration but statistically not significant(p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine being lesser cardio toxic is the preferred agent for clinical epidural anaesthesia. JMS 2011;14(1):15-18
Prevalence of Diarrhoea in Infants and its Relation to Feeding and Weaning Practices
Authors: Chander Ramesh , Vimesh Puja , Singh Shyam 
Published: March 2019

Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants in developing countries, because of diverse factors associated with it.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of diarrhoea with feeding and weaning practices.
METHODS: In this Cross-sectional epidemiological study, 704 infants and their mothers were studied for feeding and weaning practices using semi-structured closed ended questionnaire.
RESULTS: Prevalence of diarrhea was observed lowest among exclusive breast fed (3.9%) and highest among mixed fed including supplementary feeding (15.2%). Artificial feeding was prevalent in 9.2%. Consumption of leftover food was accompanied by double the prevalence (21.89%) as compared to those who did not consume such food (10.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Education and awareness of mothers regarding breast feeding, can help decrease the prevalence of diarroea in infants and associated morbidity and mortality. JMS 2011;14(1):19-21
Comparative Evaluation of Tramadol Wound Infiltration over Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Inguinal Herniotomy and Orchidopexy
Authors: Lone Abdul Qayoom , Nazir Nazia , Gilani Shehnaz , Ommid Mohammad , Nengroo Showkat H , Naqib Akhtar , Naqash Imtiyaz 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that children experience a similar severity of post operative pain as adults and that even preterm infants demonstrate alterations in heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation in response to pain.
OBJECTIVE: To study the advantage of tramadol wound infiltration over bupivacaine on post operative pain relief in children following inguinal herniotomy and orchiodopexy
METHODS: In this prospective single blinded randomized controlled study, 705 children aged between 1–7 years undergoing elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia and orchiodopexy were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 each. Group A (Tramadol) à wound infiltration with 2mg/Kg Tramadol in 0.2ml/Kg saline, Group B (Bupivacaine) à wound infiltration with 0.2ml/Kg of 0.25% of Bupivacaine and Group C (Tramadol i/m) à 2mg/Kg tramadol intra muscularly 20 minutes before the end of surgery. Children were assessed post-anesthesia for pain score and discharged from Post Anesthesia Care Unit when they achieved a score of 10.
RESULTS: Group A had lower pain scores than group B and C for the first 24 hours in the postoperative period. The other two parameters pulse rate and respiratory rate were also lower in group A. Moreover use of rescue analgesia was significantly lower in group A.
CONCLUSION: Wound infiltration with tramadol is a good choice for post operative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy and orchidopexy. JMS 2011;14(2):52-55
Average length of stay in Level III and IV Care of Accident and Emergency Department of Tertiary care Hospital
Authors: Rangrez Reyaz A , Mushtaq Sheikh , Deva Shafa , Rather Tanveer A , Mufti Sameena , Ganai Abdul Majid , Jalali Suzan 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The scope of Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department is gradually broadening and in fact these are now becoming“mini hospitals within hospitals”.OBJECTIVE:To determine the average length of stay (LOS) in level III and level IV care and factors leading to prolonged length of stay.METHODS:A Hospital based study with follow up of patients received in level III and level IV of A&E Department and the patients were followed till transfer out to respective specialty wards,discharge or death.RESULTS: Emergency beds occupied 9.3% of the total hospital bed strength. Of the total emergency admissions studied, 71.1 % comprised of neurosurgical admissions followed by CVTS (21.4%), neurological (6.8%) and other admissions(1.2%). The average Length of Stay was greatest in CVTS followed by General Surgery i.e. 5.4 days and 4.6 days respectively. The time gap between investigations ordered and reports received was 1.04 days. 67% of the patients who attended A&E Department were of rural background and out of it 54% have read upto high school.CONCLUSIONS: Average Length of stay is 4.3 days which needs to be brought down to 24 hours as per international norms to provide equitable emergency care to wider population. Co-ordination between administration and cliniciansis needed to expedite theproblem.JMS2011;14(2):61-62
Large Vulvar Lipoma in an Adolescent
Authors: Maurya R K , Singh Pawan Kumar , Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2019

Lipomas of vulva have been reported only rarely. Benign tumors of the vulva are normally classified according to their origin as epithelial cell tumors (e.g., keratinocytic, adnexal and ectopic tumors), or mesenchymal cell tumors (e.g., vascular, fibrous, muscular, neural, adipose and melanocytic tumors). Vulvar lipomas need to be differentiated from liposarcomas, which are rare but are very similar to lipomas clinically. Here we present clinical images (Figures 1 & 2) of a rare case of large vulvar lipoma in an adolescent girl that was published in an earlier issue of JMS. JMS 2012;15(1):82
[Images shown here, actually belong to a case report by Mauryia, et al, published in an earlier issue of JMS (http://www.jmsskims.org/Contents/71-8.%20MAURYA.pdf) where the images got missed; the slip-up is regretted by the editors.]
The Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in South Kashmir
Authors: Vakil Asif Amin , Sajad Sheikh 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is the most common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma with a considerable variability in its prevalence among different ethnicities.
OBJECTIVE: To study the Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and PXS in South Kashmir.
METHODS: In this Hospital-based study, all consenting patients, 45 years or older, presenting to out-patient ophthalmology department of a sub-district hospital in South Kashmir from August 2011 to May 2012 were enrolled. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation as per a standard protocol.
RESULTS: The prevalence of PEXS was found to be 7.10 % and PEX glaucoma to be 3.10 %. PXS was bilateral in 84.5% of the cases. There was age-related increase in prevalence of PEX from prevalence of 2.80% in less than 50 years to prevalence of 10.80% in above 70 years. 48.35 % of the case of PEXS had glaucoma.
CONCLUSIONS: PXS and PEX glaucoma is quite common in middle-aged and older subjects of South Kashmir. Early detection of such cases can prevent loss of vision due to glaucoma in affected subjects. JMS 2012;15(1):51-53.
Activation of RAS Genes by Specific Point Mutations in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder in Kashmiri Population
Authors: Shah Zafar A , Pandith Arshad A , Rasool Roohi , Afroze Dil , Khan Nighat P , Wani M Saleem , Sidique Mushtaq A 
Published: March 2019

Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the west and ranks 7th most cancer in this region. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of specific RAS gene point mutations among a group of Kashmiri patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. We also explored the correlation of clinic-pathological status of the illness with these mutations.The paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue specimens of 65 consecutive patients were examined in Kashmiri population,India. The DNA preparations were evaluated for the occurrence of RAS gene mutations by PCR-SCCP and DNA sequencing.Overall somatic point mutations of all the forms of RAS genes aggregated to 21.5% . In total there were nine mutations in HRAS (three in codon 12, six in codon 61), five in NRAS (two in codon 12 and three in codon 61) and no mutation was found in KRAS gene. Overall RAS genes showed no association with any clinic-pathological parameters but when stratified alone the pattern ofHRAS mutation in this study showed a significant association with smoking in bladder tumors (p <0.05).Activation of RAS gene mutation plays a less frequent role than other genetic events in the development of the most transitional cell tumors of the bladder but contribute equally well to the development of both major tumor groups. JMS 2012;15(1):15-21
Temporal Trends of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Kashmir, India
Authors: Gulzar G M , Zargar Showkat A , Nazir Muzaffar , Javid Gul , Khan Bashir A , Yattoo G N , Shah Altaf H , Sodi Jaswinder S , Khan Mushtaq A 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Since late 1960s, the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and its complications has been steadily decreasing.
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the changing trends in the prevalence and complications of peptic ulcer in Kashmir.
METHODS: A cohort of 10474 people aged 15-60 years in district Baramulla of Kashmir was interviewed about symptoms, complications, and surgery related to peptic ulcer. People were enquired about smoking, use of NSAIDs, H2 Receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors and endoscopies. All symptomatic and randomly selected group of asymptomatic people underwent esophago-gastro-cluodenoscopy.
RESULTS: In symptomatic group, 286 (41.45%) people hod peptic ulcer and in asymptomatic group 24 (5.35%) had peptic ulcer. There were 71 already diagnosed cases of peptic ulcer; totaling 381. Thirty three people had surgery for peptic ulcer. The point prevalence of peptic ulcer was 3.54% and lifetime prevalence 8.96%. The highest prevalence was in 4th decade. Bleeding was seen in 23.63%, gastric outlet obstruction 4.20%, ulcer perforation 0.52%. 9.39% of peptic ulcer patients had undergone surgery. When compared to previous study in 1985 in Kashmir, there was decrease in point prevalence of 25%, in life-time prevalence of 20.14%, Gastric outlet obstruction by 51.7%, ulcer perforation by 87%, surgery rate by 60% and bleeding by a marginal 2%.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of peptic ulcerand its complications (except bleeding) are showing downward trend in Kashmir over the last 20 years. JMS 2012;15(2):136-40
Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomy 10-Year Review at SKIIMS Srinagar, Kashmir
Authors: Thaker Rita , Khurshid Rabia , Ahmad Abida 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Obstetric hysterectomy is removal of uterus during pregnancy, labour and puerpeurium. It is life saving procedure done to save the mother's life when she is having severe post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), rupture uterus or morbid adherent placenta and trauma.
OBJECTIVES: To review the incidence, maternal profile, indication of emergency obstetric hysterectomy, the maternal morbidity and mortality and perinatal mortality following this procedure.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of emergency obstetric hysterectomy performed over a period of 10 years from 1997 to 2006 in the Obstetric and Gynaecology Department of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar was done.
RESULTS: During this period 22045 deliveries were conducted and amongst them 33 emergency hysterectomies were performed giving an incidence of 0.14%. It was most common in the age group of 30-35 years and in multiparous women (84.84%). The most common indication for obstetric hysterectomy was PPH (60.6%) followed by rupture uterus(24.24%). The maternal mortality was 12.1% and perinatal mortalitywas 20.60%.
CONCLUSION: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy is a life saving procedure in cases of intractable PPH and rupture uterus. Augmentation of healthcare facilities, the identification of high risk cases, early referral, timely performance of surgery and resort to procedures like internal artery ligation can reduce the incidence of obstetric hysterectomy. JMS 2012;15(2):149-52
Effect of Examination Stress On Haematological And Haemodynamic Parameters In Students
Authors: Sharma Neena , Gupta Vijay 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Stress can reduce the efficiency of healthy individuals as has been shown in most of the physiological studies.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of examination stress on haematological and haemodynamic parameters in higher secondary school students.
METHODS: The present study was carried out at Government Higher Secondary School, Jammu. Fifty healthy students between the age group of 16 to 19 years were selected for the study. Haemodynamic parameters recorded were pulse and blood pressure. Haematological parameters estimated were RBC, WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, platelet, monocyte, lymphocyte and basophil count. The first sample of blood was collected under aseptic conditions between 8 a.m. to 8.30 a.m., three months prior to the final academic examination and the second sample was collected from the same subjects on the day of practical and oral part of examination.
RESULTS: Pre-examination CBC showed WBC, Neutrophil, Eosinophil and monocyte of 8221.9 ± 416.69, 5140.7 ± 471.34, 185.46 ± 58.18, 273784 ± 36034.23, 244.7 ± 82.90, 2657.78 ± 212.92 and 21.1 ± 5.14 per mm3 respectively. Whileas during examination counts were 8191.86 ± 417.45, 5229.48 ± 478.07, 161.46 ± 68.05, 285567.26 ± 33641.45, 228.32 ± 90.85, 2562.9 ± 220.00 and 13.78 ± 5.58 per mm3 respectively. Compared with pre-examination results, the blood samples taken during exams showed a significant decrease in eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte count. An increase in platelet and neutrophil count was also observed. No significant changes were observed in RBC count.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that academic examinations in secondary school are stressful enough to produce changes in blood cell parameters. JMS 2012;15(2):153-56
Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Destekleme ve Yetiştirme Kurslarına Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: AKÜZÜM Cemal , SARAÇOĞLU Mehtap 
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırma, resmi devlet ortaokullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin Destekleme ve
Yetiştirme Kurslarına ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaya yönelik bir
çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Diyarbakır ili merkez ilçelerinde (Bağlar,
Kayapınar, Sur, Yenişehir) bulunan 381 ortaokulda görev yapan 4081 öğretmen
oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini ise, araştırmanın desenine uygun olarak,
ortaokullarda görev yapan öğretmenler arasından amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden
olan “ölçüt örnekleme” yöntemi ile seçilen 536 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarına
ilişkin görüşleri, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen 3 faktör ve 22
maddeden oluşan “Destekleme ve Yetiştirme Kurslarına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”
kullanılarak alınmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket
programları aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları; öğretmenlerin
destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarına yönelik tutumlarının en yüksek düzeyde
olduğu boyutun, bu kursların akademik yönden hem öğrencilere hem de
öğretmenlere sağladığı katkılar yönünde olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık,
kurslara katılımın özel bir zaman ayırmayı gerektirmesinin ortaya çıkardığı
sosyal yaşama olan etkileri boyutunun en düşük düzeydeki tutumları yansıttığı
da görülmektedir. Branş değişkenine göre; Türkçe, Matematik, Fen Bilimleri, Sosyal
Bilgiler ve Yabancı Dil branşlarındaki öğretmenlerin, Diğer branşındaki
öğretmenlere nazaran destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarının akademik katkısına
ilişkin tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Özyeterlik Düzeyleri: Elazığ İli Örneği
Authors: GÖKYER Necmi , BAKCAK Serkan 
Published: March 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğretmenlerinin özyeterlik düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma anlık tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Araştırmanın evrenini, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında, Elazığ merkez ve ilçelerin merkezindeki ortaokullarda görev yapan toplam 1602; Örneklemini ise, basit tesadüfi örnekleme yolu ile belirlenen toplam 360 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Orijinali Tschannen-Moran ve Hoy (2001) tarafından geliştirilen ve Çapa, Çakıroğlu, Sarıkaya (2005) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale” (Öğretmen Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan branş öğretmenlerinin bütün alt boyutlarda ve ölçeğin tamamında mesleki öz yeterlik düzeyleri oldukça yeterlidir. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre, sınıf yönetimine yönelik özyeterlik, öğretim stratejilerine yönelik özyeterlik alt boyutlarında ve ölçeğin tamamında erkek öğretmenlerin özyeterlik düzeyleri kadın öğretmenlere göre daha yüksektir. Öğrenci sayısı az olan okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin özyeterlik düzeylerinin, öğrenci sayısı yüksek olan okullarda görev yapanlara göre daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Kıdem, branş, çalıştıkları yerleşim yeri, okuldaki görev süresi ve eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerine göre, branş öğretmenlerinin özyeterlik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark çıkmamıştır.
T.I.D.M., Affaire du « Virginia G » (Panama/Guinée-Bissau) arrêt du 14 avril 2014
Authors: Fortas Anne-Catherine 
Published: March 2019

The judgment of April 14 2014 in the Virginia G case gave the opportunity to ITLOS to rule for the first time that the bunkering activity is part of the sovereign rights that the coastal State may exercise in the EEZ. In addition to this expected clarification, the Hamburg court offers a fragmented conception of certain rules of the Law of the Sea on issues which are covered by general international law. This is notably the case of inadmissibility objections relating to the nationality of ships and exhaustion of domestic remedies. By retaining the theory of “ ship constituting a unit”, the court prevents the exercise of diplomatic protection, even though its disappearance is not provided by the rules in force. On the merits, the court recognizes, in particular, the coastal State is responsible under Article 73 of the Convention by exercising large control over domestic law and provides extensive reparations to the flag State, while there is reasonable doubt as to the fault of the owner and the causal link. Ultimately, the judgment reveals an
intense imperium from the law of the sea judge that stretches out to all stages of the trial.
Les cathédrales de Thérouanne. Les découvertes de 1980 et la cathédrale gothique. (État des fouilles en octobre-novembre 1980)
Authors: Bernard Honoré 
Published: March 2019

A l'issue des campagnes 1980 et 1981, il est possible de faire le bilan de nos connaissances sur la cathédrale gothique de Thérouanne, chœur et transept, du moins les parties en sous-sol.
Nous avons pu établir une intéressante typologie des fondations, accompagnée d'une chronologie. Nous y voyons :
— types 1 et 2 (pourtour du déambulatoire et mur oriental du croisillon sud ; construits entre 1136 et 1157.
— type 3 (mur entre chœur et transept) : construit dans les années qui suivent
1157.
— type 4 (murs entre chœur et déambulatoire, piles de croisée, autels) : vraisemblablement première moitié du XIIIe. Le reste du transept et les nefs sont légèrement postérieurs.
— type 5 (la tour) : sans doute déjà en place en 1346.
— type 6 : le jubé. Stratigraphiquement lié à la tombe présumée de l'évêque Jean Tabari, inhumé en 1403.
Tout cela dessine un vaste chœur de 25 m sur 12, avec deux autels dont l'un, dans l'abside, est sous ciborium. Le jubé plus tardif ferme le sanctuaire sur le transept. Les grandes arcades retombent sur des colonnes jumelées (voir ancienne cathédrale d'Arras). Des chapelles, ménagées entre les culées d'arcs boutants, s'ouvrent sur le déambulatoire. Celles de la partie tournante, de plan polygonal, s'évident dans une épaisse couronne de maçonnerie. A l'aisselle du déambulatoire et du croisillon nord s'élève la tour, visible sur toutes les figurations. L'unique portail s'ouvrait en bout du croisillon sud prolongé, le long du déambulatoire, d'une vaste annexe : sans doute la chapelle aux clercs. Nous ne pouvons que nous borner au plan : les figurations graphiques, très diverses, et sans doute d'exactitude fort inégale, ne permettant pas de restitution en élévation.