bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Full Shoulder Range of Motion After Application of the Fascial Distortion Model
Authors: Boucher Joshua D. , Figueroa Jose 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Decreased active and passive range of motion (ROM) accompanied by pain in the shoulder is a common presentation for patients with frozen shoulder, and it can be difficult to restore normal function. Through the fascial distortion model, physicians can apply a manual technique to rapidly and effectively increase ROM and decrease pain. A 28-year-old man presented 18 months after sustaining a shoulder hyperextension injury. On active and passive ROM examination, he had approximately 90° of shoulder abduction and moderately reduced internal rotation associated with 8/10 pain. After 2 applications of the fascial distortion model, his shoulder restored to full abduction and internal rotation with no pain.
Changes in nutrients and decay rate of Ginkgo biloba leaf litter exposed to elevated O3 concentration in urban area
Authors: Fu Wei , He Xingyuan , Xu Sheng , Chen Wei , Li Yan , Li Bo , Su Lili , Ping Qin 
Published: March 2018

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has been widely concerned in the world, particularly in the cities of Asia, including China. Elevated O3 concentrations have potentially influenced growth and nutrient cycling of trees in urban forest. The decomposition characteristics of urban tree litters under O3 exposure are still poorly known. Ginkgo biloba is commonly planted in the cities of northern China and is one of the main tree species in the urban forest of Shenyang, where concentrations of ground-level O3 are very high in summer. Here, we hypothesized that O3 exposure at high concentrations would alter the decomposition rate of urban tree litter. In open-top chambers (OTCs), 5-year-old G. biloba saplings were planted to investigate the impact of elevated O3 concentration (120 ppb) on changes in nutrient contents and decomposition rate of leaf litters. The results showed that elevated O3 concentration significantly increased K content (6.31 ± 0.29 vs 17.93 ± 0.40, P < 0.01) in leaves of G. biloba, significantly decreased the contents of total phenols (2.82 ± 0.93 vs 1.60 ± 0.44, P < 0.05) and soluble sugars (86.51 ± 19.57 vs 53.76 ± 2.40, P < 0.05), but did not significantly alter the contents of C, N, P, lignin and condensed tannins, compared with that in ambient air. Furthermore, percent mass remaining in litterbags after 150 days under ambient air and elevated O3 concentration was 56.0% and 52.8%, respectively. No significant difference between treatments was observed in mass remaining at any sampling date during decomposition. The losses of the nutrients in leaf litters of G. biloba showed significant seasonal differences regardless of O3 treatment. However, we found that elevated O3 concentration slowed down the leaf litter decomposition only at the early decomposition stage, but slightly accelerated the litter decomposition at the late stage (after 120 days). This study provides our understanding of the ecological processes regulating biogeochemical cycles from deciduous tree species in high-O3 urban area.
The adipokine C1q TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) is elevated in the breast milk of obese mothers
Authors: Kwon Megan R. , Cress Eileen , Clark W. Andrew , Alamian Arsham , Lu Yongke , Peterson Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundC1q TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) is a relatively novel hormonal factor primarily derived from adipose tissue and has anti-diabetic properties. To determine if CTRP3 could play a role in early childhood development, the purpose of this study was to establish the presence of CTRP3 in breast milk (BM) and to determine whether CTRP3 levels were correlated with pregravid obesity status of the mother.MethodsBreast milk was collected from breast-feeding mothers who had a pregravid body mass index (BMI) classification of normal weight (BMI 18–25 kg/m2,n= 23) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2,n= 14). Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of CTRP3 in BM. The concentration of CTRP3 in BM samples was determined by ELISA. Additional bioactive components were also measured by commercially available assays: ghrelin, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and glucose. Bioactive components in normal weight and obese mothers were compared using unpairedt-test (parametric) and Mann–WhitneyU-test (non-parametric), as appropriate.ResultsThe primary findings of this study are that the adipokine CTRP3 is present in BM and CTRP3 levels are increased with pregravid obesity. Additionally, this study independently confirmed previous work that BM from obese mothers has a higher concentration of insulin and leptin. Further, no differences were observed in BM between obese and normal weight mothers in ghrelin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, or glucose levels.ConclusionThis study identified a novel factor in BM, CTRP3, and showed that BM CTRP3 levels higher in obese mothers. Because of the purported insulin sensitizing effect of CTRP3, it is possible that the elevated levels of CTRP3 in the BM of obese mothers may offset negative effects of elevated leptin and insulin levels in the BM of obese mothers. Future studies will need to be conducted to determine the relevance of CTRP3 in BM and to examine the presence of other adipose tissue-derived hormonal factors.
Reply to Comment by Roques et al. on “Base Flow Recession from Unsaturated‐Saturated Porous Media considering Lateral Unsaturated Discharge and Aquifer Compressibility”
Authors: Liang Xiuyu , Zhan Hongbin , Zhang You‐Kuan , Schilling Keith 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRoques et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR022085) claims that they have proposed an exponential time step (ETS) method to improve the computing method of Liang et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020938) which used a constant time step (CTS) method on the derivative for dQ/dt in field data, where Q is the base flow discharge and t is the time since the start of base flow recession. This reply emphasizes that the main objective of Liang et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020938) was to develop an analytical model to investigate the effects of the unsaturated flow on base flow recession, not on the data interpretation methods. The analytical model indicates that the base flow recession hydrograph behaves as dQ/dt ∼aQb with the exponent b close to 1 at late times, which is consistent with previous theoretical models. The model of Liang et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020938) was applied to field data where the derivative of dQ/dt was computed using the CTS method, a method that has been widely adopted in previous studies. The ETS method proposed by Roques et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.07.013) appears to be a good alternative but its accuracy needs further validation. Using slopes to fit field data as proposed by Roques et al. (, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR022085) appears to match data satisfactorily at early times whereas it performs less satisfactorily at late times and leads to the exponent b being obviously larger than 1.
Coupled Land‐Atmosphere Regional Model Reduces Dry Bias in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Simulated by CFSv2
Authors: Devanand Anjana , Roxy Mathew Koll , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGlobal climate models including the Climate Forecast System version 2, the operational model used for prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by the India Meteorological Department, has dry precipitation bias, mostly over densely populated Ganga basin. This restricts the use of model output in hydrological simulations/forecasts. We use regional atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with land surface models, driven by the boundary conditions from Climate Forecast System version 2. We find significant reduction in the dry bias of Indian summer monsoon rainfall with regional land‐atmosphere model and this attributes to (a) improved moisture transport from Western and Upper Indian Ocean to Ganga Basin and (b) improved precipitation recycling over the Ganga basin. We find that the smoothened topography in the global model allows advection of cold dry subtropical air into the Indian monsoon region, contributing to the cold temperature and dry precipitation bias. These results have important implications for monsoon simulations in developing operational hydroclimatic prediction system in India.
Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Access to Pyrazoles and Disulfide‐Tethered Pyrazoles via Deamidative Heteroannulation of β‐Ketodithioesters with Semicarbazide Hydrochloride in Water
Authors: Koley Suvajit , Panja Sumit Kumar , Soni Sonam , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn operationally simple, mild, and catalyst‐free one‐pot protocol to access privileged pyrazoles and disulfide‐tethered pyrazoles has been devised by [3+2] heteroannulation of β‐ketodithioesters with semicarbazide hydrochloride in water under open air. The pH of the medium played a key role toward the selectivity switch, as refluxing in water led to the formation of pyrazoles, whereas addition of sodium acetate in water enabled the formation of disulfide‐tethered pyrazoles. Notably, this protocol involves a tandem sequence of amination/cyclization/dehydration/hydrodesufurization/hydrolysis/deamidative reactions. A mechanistic rationale for this regio‐/chemoselective domino reaction is outlined, which is well supported and validated by density functional theory calculations.magnified image
Two Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves Built from Pairs of Enantiomeric Structural Building Units
Authors: Seo Seungwan , Yang Taimin , Shin Jiho , Jo Donghui , Zou Xiaodong , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis and structures of two new small‐pore aluminophosphate molecular sieves PST‐13 and PST‐14 with mutually connected 8‐ring channels. The structure of PST‐13, synthesized using diethylamine as an organic structure‐directing agent, contains penta‐coordinated framework Al atoms bridged by hydroxy groups and thus edge‐sharing 3‐ and 5‐rings. Upon calcination, PST‐13 undergoes a transformation to PST‐14 with loss of bridging hydroxy groups and occluded organic species. The structures of both materials consist “nonjointly” of pairs of previously undiscovered 1,5‐ and 1,6‐open double 4‐rings (d4rs) which are mirror images of each other. We also present a series of novel chemically feasible hypothetical structures built from 1‐open d4r (sti) or 1,3‐open d4r (nsc) units, as well as from these two enantiomeric structural building units.
Cu‐Catalyzed Hydroxymethylation of Unactivated Alkyl Iodides with CO To Provide One‐Carbon‐Extended Alcohols
Authors: Zhao Siling , Mankad Neal P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe have developed a reductive carbonylation method by which unactivated alkyl iodides can be hydroxymethylated to provide one‐carbon‐extended alcohol products under Cu‐catalyzed conditions. The method is tolerant of alkyl β‐hydrogen atoms, is robust towards a wide variety of functional groups, and was applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodide substrates. Mechanistic experiments indicate that the transformation proceeds by atom‐transfer carbonylation (ATC) of the alkyl iodide followed in tandem by two CuH‐mediated reductions in rapid succession. This radical mechanism renders the Cu‐catalyzed system complementary to precious‐metal‐catalyzed reductive carbonylation reactions.
Calorimetric and rheokinetic analyses merged to capture crystallization kinetics in polyamide/clay nanocomposites: Revisiting predictability of models
Authors: Kermaniyan Tayebeh Sadat , Garmabi Hamid , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTCrystallization kinetics of polymer/clay systems was the subject of numerous investigations, but still there are some ambiguities in understanding thermal behavior of such systems under isothermal and nonisothermal circumstances. In this work, isothermal rheokinetic and nonisothermal calorimetric analyses are combined to demonstrate crystallization kinetics of polyamide6/nanoclay (PA6/NC) nanocomposites. As the main outcome of this work, we detected different regimes of crystallization and compared them by both isothermal dynamic rheometry and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which has not been simultaneously addressed yet. A novel analysis, somehow different from the common ones, is used to convert the storage modulus data to crystallinity values leading to more reasonable Avrami parameters in isothermal crystallization. It was found based on isothermal rheokinetic studies that increase of NC content and shear rate are responsible for erratic behavior of Avrami exponent and crystallization rates. Optimistically, however, isothermal crystallization by rheometer was confirmed by DSC. Nonisothermal calorimetric evaluations suggested an accelerated crystallization of PA6 upon increasing NC content and cooling rate. The crystallization behavior was quantified applying Ozawa (r2 between 0.070 and 0.975), and combinatorial Avrami–Ozawa (r2 between 0.984 and 0.998) models, where the latter appeared more appropriate for demonstration of nonisothermal crystallization of PA6/NC nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46364.
Co‐Crystal of Paracetamol and Trimethylglycine Prepared by a Supercritical CO2 Anti‐Solvent Process
Authors: Zhao Ziyi , Liu Guijin , Lin Qing , Jiang Yanbin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParacetamol (PCA) and trimethylglycine (TMG) were co‐crystallized and micronized by means of the supercritical anti‐solvent (SAS) process to improve the tabletability of PCA. The effects of operating conditions on particle properties were investigated in detail. Characterizations were performed to confirm the co‐crystal state of PCA‐TMG. The results indicated that the same crystal form with different crystal habits was prepared. The optimal PCA‐TMG co‐crystals presented a much larger tensile strength, higher drug content of PCA, and smaller particle size than those obtained using the ball milling (BM) process. The SAS‐processed PCA‐TMG co‐crystals showed an enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, and tableting performance compared to that of BM.
Clinical and economic burden associated with stage III to IV triple‐negative breast cancer: A SEER‐Medicare historical cohort study in elderly women in the United States
Authors: Schwartz Kendra L. , Simon Michael S. , Bylsma Lauren C. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schultz Neil M. , Flanders Scott C. , Barlev Arie , Fryzek Jon P. , Quek Ruben G.W. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to describe patient characteristics, treatment patterns, survival, health care resource use (HRU), and costs among older women in the United States with advanced (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III/IV) triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database.METHODSWomen who were aged ≥66 years at the time of diagnosis and diagnosed with advanced TNBC between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2011, in the SEER‐Medicare database and who were followed for survival through December 31, 2013, were eligible. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis, subsequent treatment patterns, and survival outcomes were analyzed. HRU and costs for the first 3 months after diagnosis, the last 3 months of life, and the time in between are summarized. All analyses were stratified by American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of disease.RESULTSThere were 1244 patients newly diagnosed with advanced TNBC; the majority were aged ≥75 years (61% with stage III disease and 57.4% with stage IV disease) and white (>70% of patients in both disease stage groups). The most common treatment approaches were surgery combined with chemotherapy for patients for stage III disease (50.6%) and chemotherapy alone or with radiotherapy for patients with stage IV disease (31.3%). Diverse chemotherapy regimens were administered for each line of therapy; nevertheless, the medications used were consistent with national guidelines. Patients with stage III and stage IV disease were found to have a similar mean number of hospitalizations and outpatient visits, but mean monthly costs were greater for patients with stage IV disease at all 3 time points. The mean cost per patient‐month (in 2013 US dollars) was $4810 for patients with stage III disease and $9159 for patients with stage IV disease.CONCLUSIONSAmong older women with advanced TNBC, significant treatment variations and considerable HRU and costs exist. Further research is needed to find effective treatments with which to reduce the clinical and economic burden of this disease. Cancer 2018;124:2104‐14. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A novel efficiency‐enhancement topology: GaN high‐electron mobility transistors with waveform‐modulation structure composed of Schottky diodes
Authors: Han Kefeng 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo improve the power‐added efficiency (PAE) of the gallium nitride (GaN) high‐electron mobility transistor (HEMT) in radio frequency applications, this paper studies the relationship between the nonlinearity of the gate capacitance and the PAE of the GaN HEMTs. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the nonlinearity of the gate capacitance modulates the signal phase at the GaN HEMT input and increases the average drain current, leading to increased power consumption and reduced PAE. Then, an efficiency‐enhancement topology for GaN HEMTs that employs the waveform‐modulation effect of Schottky diodes to reduce power consumption and improve efficiency is presented. The efficiency‐enhancement topology for a 4 × 100‐μm GaN HEMT with waveform‐modulation diodes is then fabricated. Results of load‐pull test demonstrate that the novel topology can increase the PAE of the 4 × 100‐μm GaN HEMT by more than 5% at 8 GHz. The novel efficiency‐enhancement topology for GaN HEMTs proposed in this paper will be suitable for applications that demand high‐efficiency GaN HEMTs or circuits.
Reduced corticostriatal functional connectivity in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: He Shushu , Li Fei , Gu Tian , Ma Huayu , Li Xinyi , Zou Shujuan , Huang Xiaoqi , Lui Su , Gong Qiyong , Chen Song 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been associated with abnormal gray matter volumes in cortical areas and in the striatum, the corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) of patients with TMD has not been studied. Here, we studied 30 patients with TMD and 20 healthy controls that underwent clinical evaluations, including Helkimo indices, pain assessments, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The FCs of the striatal regions with the other brain areas were examined with a seed‐based approach. As seeds, we used the dorsal caudate, ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudal putamen, and ventral rostral putamen regions. Voxel‐wise comparisons with controls revealed that the patients with TMD exhibited reduced FCs in the ventral corticostriatal circuitry, between the ventral striatum and ventral frontal cortices, including the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula; in the dorsal corticostriatal circuitry, between the dorsal striatum and the dorsal cortices, including the precentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus; and also within the striatum. Additionally, we explored correlations between the reduced corticostriatal FCs and clinical measurements. These results directly supported the hypothesis that TMD is associated with reduced FCs in brain corticostriatal networks and that these reduced FCs may underlie the deficits in motor control, pain processing, and cognition in TMD. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the etiologies and pathologies of TMD.
Quantification of Lagrangian travel time statistics under nonstationary random groundwater flow conditions
Authors: Chang Ching‐Min , Yeh Hund‐Der 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study presents a Lagrangian description of advection dominated field‐scale transport of inert solutes, namely, the statistics of advective solute travel time and trajectory, in nonstationary random groundwater flow fields. The vertical flow field is generated by the effects of changes in total stress applied in fluid‐saturated heterogeneous deformable porous media. The Lagrangian statistics are developed directly from the velocity statistics based on the application of stochastic methodology such as the representation theorem and Fourier–Stieltjes integral representation. The focus of our numerical evaluation is placed on the influence of the soil compressibility on the Lagrangian statistics. The prediction on the statistics of solute travel time and trajectory may serve as the basic input to the environmental risk assessment.
Improved detection sensitivity of elements in solids via laser postionization in laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yin Zhibin , Hang Le , Liu Rong , Hang Wei , Huang Benli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA newly constructed laser desorption (532 nm, 5 ns) and laser postionization (266 nm, 5 ns) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (LD‐LPI‐TOFMS) has been applied for improving the detection sensitivity of elements in solid samples. This method affords to acquire the information of the elemental impurities in solid standards as well as limit of detection (LOD) down to 10−8 g/g for some elements. Neutral atoms of solids are generated by low‐irradiance laser desorption (< 108 W/cm2), followed by high‐irradiance laser postionization (~ 109 W/cm2) of the desorbed atoms, facilitating to decouple the desorption and ionization processes in spatial and temporal domain. This non‐interacting feature overcomes the discrimination between deteriorating spectral resolution at high irradiance (109–1011 W/cm2) and limited detectable elemental species and high LOD at low or medium irradiance (below 109 W/cm2). The utilization of originally “wasted” neutral atoms by laser postionization will help improve atom utilization and instrumental sensitivity. In this work, getting the utmost out of the consumed neutral atoms instead of an increment in sampling amounts is given attention with high priority for achieving high sensitivity and low LOD, which is especially useful on the occasions where very low sample consumption is desired.
Solubility and Diffusivity of Propylene, Ethylene, and Propylene–Ethylene Mixtures in Polypropylene
Authors: Cancelas Aarón J. , Plata Miguel A. , Bashir Muhammad Ahsan , Bartke Michael , Monteil Vincent , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe solubility of propylene, ethylene, and propylene–ethylene mixtures in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is measured with a high‐pressure sorption balance at different temperatures and pressures. The obtained sorption isotherms of both binary systems (propylene–iPP and ethylene–iPP) are fitted with the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state. It is found that both binary interaction parameters for ethylene and propylene in iPP decrease with temperature. At temperatures above 70 °C, the overall solubility of ethylene plus propylene mixtures can be modeled using purely binary systems. However, at temperatures under 70 °C it is necessary to use a ternary solubility model that accounts for interactions between the penetrants and the polymer. Furthermore, at lower temperatures, the total solubility of the gas mixture is higher than the sum of gas solubilities of individual components because the anti‐solvent effect of ethylene (on propylene) is weaker than the co‐solvent effect of propylene on ethylene. Moreover, the molar ratio of ethylene to propylene dissolved in iPP increases with temperature and pressure. Desorption studies show that the effective diffusion coefficient increases with pressure and temperature and that the effective diffusivity of gaseous ethylene–propylene mixtures is lower than that of either of the individual gases.