bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light‐Induced Mpg‐C3N4 Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Thiocyanation of Ketene Dithioacetals
Authors: Yin Fumeng , Hu Shan , Zhu Shuwei , Xing Shifeng , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing mesoporous graphite carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) as metal‐free heterogeneous catalyst, the thiocyanation of ketene dithioacetals was achieved under visible light irradiation with oxygen as green oxidant and without any other additives. The present protocol has excellent functional group tolerance and the desired tetrasubstituted alkenyl thiocyanides were obtained in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the recyclable mpg‐C3N4 catalyst could be used at least 6 times without significant loss of activities. A series of mechanistic validation experiments indicated that the reaction involves a radical process.
Exploring ketogenic diet resistance in glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome: A comprehensive review and critical appraisal
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Sortino Vincenzo , Kluger Gerhard Josef , Herberhold Thomas , Rüegger Andrea , Striano Pasquale , Ruggieri Martino , Klepper Joerg , Ramantani Georgia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) commonly presents with early‐onset epilepsy that often resists conventional pharmacological treatment. Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is the preferred approach to address the underlying metabolic anomaly. However, a subset of GLUT1DS patients presents resistance to KDT, with the causes remaining elusive. This comprehensive literature review aims to explore the characteristics of KDT failure in GLUT1DS and identify risk factors within this population. Our goal is to improve counseling and prognostication for these patients. So, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on PubMed, focusing on studies documenting pediatric GLUT1DS patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy unresponsive to KDT. We identified five cases of KDT failure in female GLUT1DS patients, aged 10 days to 13 years at diagnosis. Predominant seizure types were absence seizures, with a few cases of clonic, tonic, or myoclonic seizures. EEG consistently revealed 2–3.5 Hz generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges. Genetic investigations revealed point mutations and deletions in two cases each. Despite an in‐depth search, no specific features were found to reliably distinguish KDT non‐responders from responders, underscoring the need for further research. In cases of KDT ineffectiveness for seizure control in GLUT1DS patients, exploring alternative therapeutic strategies becomes imperative to managing symptoms while maintaining quality of life. Large‐scale multicenter studies, facilitated through international collaborations like the European Network for Therapy in Rare Epilepsies (NETRE), hold promise in elucidating the complexities of this patient population and developing personalized therapeutic approaches.Plain Language SummaryGlucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome often causes difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy. The ketogenic diet works for many patients, but some do not respond. This review investigated cases of diet failure but could not identify common features among poor responders. Further research is needed to understand these cases and explore alternative treatments.
Garnet as Indicator of Pegmatite Evolution and Mineralisation: The Case Study of the Koktokay Pegmatites, Altai, NW China
Authors: Sun Yang , Chen Bin , Li Wen‐Jing , Liu Shuai‐Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPegmatite‐related deposits are among the most crucial sources of rare‐metal elements such as Li, Be, Nb, Ta, Rb, Cs and Sn. Despite nearly 2 centuries of extensive study, the mechanism governing the rare‐metal mineralisation of pegmatites remains contentious. Alongside the enrichment of rare‐metal elements in the source region, differentiation processes after emplacement may have also contributed to the concentration and mineralisation of rare‐metal elements. However, compared to fractional crystallisation, limited attention has been directed towards the role of liquid immiscibility in pegmatite mineralisation. In this study, the major and trace element compositions of garnets in the internally zoned (Be‐rich) and un‐zoned (barren) pegmatites from the Koktokay pegmatite field in Altai, NW China, were analysed to evaluate the role of liquid immiscibility in the generation of rare‐metal mineralised pegmatites. The studied garnets belong to the almandine‐spessartine solid solution and are magmatic in origin. The inter‐ and intra‐crystal chemical variations observed for the studied garnets were produced by a combined effect of magmatic crystallisation and liquid immiscibility. The decrease in the spessartine component of garnets from the margins inward and the depleted MREE–HREE distribution patterns of garnet domains indicate the onset of liquid immiscibility, which correlates with the Be mineralisation of the internally zoned pegmatite. Therefore, the chemical variations in garnets from the Koktokay pegmatites suggest a clear genetic relationship between liquid immiscibility and rare‐metal mineralisation, and they are proposed as potential indicators for prospecting rare‐metal ore deposits.
Butyrate Metabolism‐Related Gene Signature in Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Xueyue , Wang Jing , You Yating , Wang Qi , Xu Yuan , Fan Ye 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundExperimental results have verified the suppressive impact of butyrate on tumor formation. Nevertheless, there is a limited understanding of the hidden function of butyrate metabolism within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This research aimed at digging the association between genes related to butyrate metabolism (butyrate metabolism‐related genes [BMRGs) and immune infiltrates in LUAD patients.MethodsThrough analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA), the identification of 38 differentially expressed BMRGs was made between LUAD and normal samples. Later, a prognostic signature made up of nine BMRGs was made to evaluate the risk score of LUAD subjects. Notably, high‐risk scores emerged as negative prognostic indicators for overall survival in LUAD subjects. Additionally, BMRGs displayed associations with immunocyte infiltration levels, immune pathway activities, and pivotal prognostic hub BMRGs.ResultsOne key prognostic BMRG, PTGDS, exhibited a robust correlation with T cells, the chemokine‐related pathway, and the TCR signaling pathway. This study suggests that investigating the interplay between butyrate metabolism and T cells could present a promising novel approach to cancer treatment. OncoPredict analysis further unveiled distinct sensitivities of nine medicine in high‐ and low‐risk groups, facilitating the selection of optimal treatment strategies for individual LUAD patients.ConclusionsThe study establishes that the BMRG signature serves as a sensitive predictive biomarker, providing profound insights into the crucial effect of butyrate metabolism in the context of LUAD TIME.
The Diagnosis and Prognosis Value of Circulating Exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 and LNC_000226 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Study
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Hou Jingyuan , Weng Ruiqiang , Rao Jiawei , Liu Sudong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) stands as a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. This study aims to explore the potential roles of circulating exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 and LNC_000226 in AMI diagnosis and prognosis.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 90 patients with AMI and 88 patients with normal coronary artery (NCA). Plasma exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation, and the levels of exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 and LNC_000226 were examined using qRT‐PCR. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) that occurred during 1‐year follow‐up post‐stent implantation were collected. The diagnostic value of exosomal MALAT1 and LNC_000226 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The association between exosomal LNC_000226 and MACEs was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.ResultsBoth lncRNA MALAT1 and LNC_000226 levels in plasma exosomes were elevated in AMI patients compared to NCA controls. Moreover, LNC_000226 (AUC: 0.889, sensitivity: 82%, specificity: 72%) exhibited superior diagnostic performance compared to MALAT1 (AUC: 0.707, sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 57%). During 1‐year follow‐up period, the incidence of MACEs was significantly higher among patients with high exosomal LNC_000226 levels compared to those with low exosomal LNC_000226 levels [64% (29/45) vs. 40% (18/45), p < 0.05]. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a positive association between exosomal LNC_000226 level and the risk of MACEs in AMI patients (HR: 1.959, 95% CI: 1.040–3.689).ConclusionCirculating exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 and LNC_000226 are promising biomarkers for diagnosing AMI, with LNC_000226 potentially indicating a prognosis.
A Reversed Early Warning Methodology for Optimal Bank Profit Retention Recommendations
Authors: Jakubik Petr , Moinescu Bogdan Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a calibration method for the newest policy instrument in prudential supervision by endogenising profit retention targets via a reversed early warning system, depending on the supervisors' risk tolerance, the exposure to the economy, and the level of financial pressure. We model the likelihood of banking crises in EU jurisdictions within a medium‐term horizon using monthly frequency data to account for the increasing speed of financial shock developments amid the digital revolution, as the March 2023 distress episode indicated. Toward this target, we employ economic, monetary, and financial stress variables, banking size indicators, and leverage ratio. The early warning system is then run to calculate the capital buffer against a presumptive probability standard of the supervisory authority, given the financial stress level and the banking intermediation size. This approach would inform supervisors whether a profit retention recommendation is needed to enhance the shock absorption capacity of credit institutions to preserve banking stability given the existing economic, monetary, and financial conditions. Moreover, it can guide central bankers on their policy mix calibration, avoid frictions in the monetary transmission mechanism, and simultaneously accommodate price stability and financial stability goals. Furthermore, despite its macroprudential input, the regulators could replicate the methodology with microprudential data to derive an alternative but direct measure of capital buffers, complementing the current prudential regulatory approach.
A case study of spatial variability in irrigation depth and surface characteristics of a stadium football pitch
Authors: Meza Karem , Straw Chase , Ascencios David , Yadav Pappu Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIrrigation and surface characteristics are important for managing professional turfgrass pitches. This study evaluated irrigation depth, volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance (PR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on a Mirage bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) stadium football pitch in Lima, Peru, in 2019. The pitch, constructed with 10 cm of loamy sand soil, was irrigated by six pop‐up impact gun sprinklers. Data on irrigation depth, VWC, PR, and NDVI were collected from June to September using a 10.0 m × 5.0 m grid across 154 sample locations to create spatial maps. Correlation, regression, and spatial analyses evaluated relationships and variability among variables. The VWC lower quarter distribution uniformity was higher (72.0%) than that of irrigation depth (49.0%). A negative correlation was found between PR and VWC (r = −0.30, p < 0.001), with PR being the most significant predictor of VWC (p < 0.001). VWC and PR site‐specific management units indicated that the pitch center was compacted, resulting in lower VWC. These findings highlight that spatial data can enhance understanding of variability and relationships among surface characteristics, supporting data‐driven, site‐specific management for stadium pitches.
Addressing code response challenges: Development of a pharmacist‐focused training program at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Jacobs Lindsay , Tawwater Jennifer , Skariah Lisa , Parag Bhavyata , Ryman Klayton , McKee Chephra , Cox Kathryn , Chaney Whitney , Tenii Josephine , Johns Meagan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionPharmacists are essential to the multidisciplinary team during code response. Commercially available basic and advanced‐life support training programs are not tailored for the depth of medication‐specific content essential for pharmacists to competently respond to codes. Opportunities exist to provide additional training to improve pharmacists' code response.ObjectiveTo develop pharmacist‐specific didactic education and hands‐on assessments for adult code response.MethodsAt our institution, acute care clinical staff pharmacists attend all adult codes. A mandatory pharmacist training program was designed to meet minimum institutional expectations for code response and address knowledge gaps. The program included three components: (1) online training module, (2) knowledge‐based assessment, and (3) hands‐on assessment. Pharmacists were surveyed pre‐ and post‐completion of the training program. The surveys consisted of 15 Likert scale questions and open‐ended questions. Chi‐square tests were used to compare a “positive” response to pre‐ and post‐survey questions. A “positive” response was defined as “Strongly Agree” or “Agree” on the Likert questions.ResultsSeventy‐three pharmacists completed the training program with 71 passing the hands‐on skills training on the first attempt. The pre‐ and post‐intervention survey was completed by 43/74 (58.1%) and 33/82 (40.2%) of pharmacists, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the number of “positive” survey responses was noted in 7 of the 15 Likert scale questions post‐intervention, with nominal improvements in the remaining 8. There were notable improvements in pharmacist perceived familiarity and comfort with medication locations (9% vs. 64%) and preparation (44% vs. 76%), and greater confidence in using available resources.ConclusionThe pharmacist‐specific code response training resulted in notable improvements in disclosed familiarity and comfort with code responsibilities. This training was transitioned into an annual competency module that may be used as a framework for other institutions implementing a similar process to maintain a standard level of competence in code response for pharmacists.
Ninety‐Day Feeding Test of Stacked DBN9936 × DBN9501 Maize on Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Li Yan , Han Chao , Shi Lili , Chen Chen , Zhao Jinpeng , Liu Tingting , Zhuo Qin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe transgenic maize DBN9936 × DBN9501, which confers resistance to insects and tolerance to herbicides, was developed via conventional cross breeding of transgenic maize DBN9936 and DBN9501. In our present study, a 90‐day feeding toxicity study was conducted on Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the safety of the maize. A total of 140 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 10/sex/group): one control group, three genetically modified (GM) groups with 17.5%, 35%, and 70% (wt/wt) GM maize, respectively, and three non‐GM groups with corresponding incorporation rate of parental maize DBN318. The rats of control group were fed with AIN93G diet. The parameters including body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, and histopathology were examined during the course of the study. Compared with the non‐GM group or AIN93G control group, minor statistical differences were observed for some parameters in some groups, yet none of them was considered a GM‐related adverse effect. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that no adverse effect was observed on rats following 90 days feeding with diet containing up to 70% GM maize. The results indicated that stacked maize DBN9936 × DBN9501 was as safe as its parental DBN318 maize.
Enhanced proteomic profiling of human plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles through charge‐based fractionation to advance biomarker discovery potential
Authors: Su Xianyi , Júnior Getúlio Pereira de Oliveira , Marie Anne‐Lise , Gregus Michal , Figueroa‐Navedo Amanda , Ghiran Ionita C. , Ivanov Alexander R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe study introduces a charge‐based fractionation method for fractionating plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) into sub‐populations aimed at the improved purification from free plasma proteins to enhance the diagnostic potential of EV sub‐populations for specific pathophysiological states. Here, we present a novel approach for EV fractionation that leverages EVs’ inherent surface charges, differentiating them from other plasma components and, thus, reducing the sample complexity and increasing the purity of EVs. The developed method was optimized and thoroughly evaluated using proteomic analysis, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blotting of isolated EVs from healthy donors. Subsequently, we pilot‐tested the developed technique for its applicability to real‐world specimens using a small set of clinical prostate cancer samples and matched controls. The presented technique demonstrates the effective isolation and fractionation of EV sub‐populations based on their surface charge, which may potentially help enhance EV‐based diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and basic biology research. The method is designed to be straightforward, scalable, easy‐to‐use, and it does not require specialized skills or equipment.
Aspirational Revolution or Aspiration Failure? Gendered Effect of Household Wealth on Educational Aspirations in China
Authors: Hwang In Hyee , Yoon Semee 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the gendered impact of household wealth on children's educational aspirations in China. Using two waves of longitudinal survey data of Chinese households from 2012 and 2016, we find that household assets have a differential impact on girls' and boys' educational aspirations. Household assets have a significant and positive impact on girls' aspirations for higher education, especially for graduate school, whereas boys' aspirations remain relatively stable across asset levels. We also demonstrate that this positive impact of household assets on girls' educational aspirations is limited to girls with same‐sex siblings. Girls with sisters are more likely to report an increase in aspirations for higher education with increasing levels of household assets. Conversely, for girls with brothers, household assets have a negative impact on their aspirations for higher education. Our findings suggest that traditional gender norms and family investment strategies play a critical role in shaping educational aspirations, particularly in families with both sons and daughters.
The Effects of Coping Strategies on Entrepreneurs' Psychological Well‐Being Under Uncertainty
Authors: Baldacchino Leonie , Sassetti Sara 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSelf‐employment and business ownership require high personal commitment and emotional involvement, often accompanied by significant risk and uncertainty. Entrepreneurs need effective coping strategies to manage stress and anxiety, which, if unmanaged, can harm their well‐being and impair decision‐making. Given entrepreneurs' crucial roles in generating employment, innovation, and economic growth, understanding how they cope with adversity is vital. Despite its importance, research on coping strategies and entrepreneurial outcomes has yielded inconsistent results, with limited focus on entrepreneurs' psychological well‐being (PWB). This study addresses these gaps by investigating which coping strategies enhanced entrepreneurs' PWB under the uncertainty of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on theories of coping and PWB, we propose and test a conceptual model using data from an anonymous online survey of 179 self‐employed individuals and business owner‐managers in Malta (EU). Findings reveal that task‐based and avoidance‐based coping strategies positively influence PWB under uncertainty, whereas emotion‐based coping negatively impacts PWB. This research contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial coping and well‐being by elucidating the effects of different coping strategies during times of high adversity. This has important practical implications as entrepreneurs who effectively cope with uncertainty and maintain higher PWB are better equipped to make sound decisions and implement successful strategies.
Impact of plasma‐treated nano‐alumina on the thermal and electrical properties of epoxy resin at elevated temperatures
Authors: Dai Chao , Liu Nailong , Xing Zheng , Han Kaidi , Ding Man , Ashish Paramane 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, to ramp up the thermal stability and insulation characteristics of epoxy resin (EP), the plasma‐treated EP/alumina composites with a mass fraction of 1 wt% were fabricated. The variations of functional groups in the EP composites with/without plasma treatment were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the glass transition temperature of the specimens was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The space charge distributions, the electrical conductivity and DC breakdown strength of the specimens were measured at 90°C. Moreover, the results were further analyzed in depth. The results indicated that the nanocomposites prepared with plasma‐treated nano‐alumina exhibited a higher concentration of OH and CO groups. At 90°C, the plasma‐treated alumina nanoparticles significantly increased the charge injection threshold of EP from about 26 nC (untreated) to 19 nC (treated); reduced the internal electric field distortion, decreased the charge accumulation and dissipation, and increased the breakdown strength from about 104 kV/mm (untreated) to 115 kV/mm (treated), and the conductivity from about 5.1 × 10−14 S/m (untreated) to 3.1 × 10−14 S/m (treated). In summary, it was elucidated that plasma‐treated nano‐alumina particles could effectively reduce deep trap density, trapped charges, charge injection and transportation and reinforce composites' insulation performance at high temperatures.Highlights
The DBD plasma treatment is environmentally friendly with high efficiency.
The testing adopted advanced characterization and analysis techniques.
Plasma treatment of alumina nanoparticles enhanced the thermal stability.
The treated nano‐alumina reinforced insulation performance of EP nanocomposites.
The plasma treatment raised the space charge injection threshold and barrier.