bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual rhythms of temporal niche partitioning in the Sparidae family are correlated to different environmental variables
Authors: Sbragaglia Valerio , Nuñez Jesús D. , Dominoni Davide , Coco Salvatore , Fanelli Emanuela , Azzurro Ernesto , Marini Simone , Nogueras Marc , Ponti Massimo , del Rio Fernandez Joaquin , Aguzzi Jacopo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe seasonal timing of recurring biological processes is essential for organisms living in temperate regions. While ample knowledge of these processes exists for terrestrial environments, seasonal timing in the marine environment is relatively understudied. Here, we characterized the annual rhythm of habitat use in six fish species belonging to the Sparidae family, highlighting the main environmental variables that correlate to such rhythms. The study was conducted at a coastal artificial reef through a cabled observatory system, which allowed gathering underwater time-lapse images every 30 minutes consecutively over 3 years. Rhythms of fish counts had a significant annual periodicity in four out of the six studied species. Species-specific temporal patterns were found, demonstrating a clear annual temporal niche partitioning within the studied family. Temperature was the most important environmental variable correlated with fish counts in the proximity of the artificial reef, while daily photoperiod and salinity were not important. In a scenario of human-induced rapid environmental change, tracking phenological shifts may provide key indications about the effects of climate change at both species and ecosystem level. Our study reinforces the efficacy of underwater cabled video-observatories as a reliable tool for long-term monitoring of phenological events.
Tropical South Atlantic influence on Northeastern Brazil precipitation and ITCZ displacement during the past 2300 years
Authors: Utida Giselle , Cruz Francisco W. , Etourneau Johan , Bouloubassi Ioanna , Schefuß Enno , Vuille Mathias , Novello Valdir F. , Prado Luciana F. , Sifeddine Abdelfettah , Klein Vincent , Zular André , Viana João C. C. , Turcq Bruno 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent paleoclimatic studies suggest that changes in the tropical rainbelt across the Atlantic Ocean during the past two millennia are linked to a latitudinal shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) driven by the Northern Hemisphere (NH) climate. However, little is known regarding other potential drivers that can affect tropical Atlantic rainfall, mainly due to the scarcity of adequate and high-resolution records. In this study, we fill this gap by reconstructing precipitation changes in Northeastern Brazil during the last 2,300 years from a high-resolution lake record of hydrogen isotope compositions of plant waxes. We find that regional precipitation along the coastal area of South America was not solely governed by north-south displacements of the ITCZ due to changes in NH climate, but also by the contraction and expansion of the tropical rainbelt due to variations in sea surface temperature and southeast trade winds in the tropical South Atlantic Basin.
The impact of long-term organic farming on soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Skinner Colin , Gattinger Andreas , Krauss Maike , Krause Hans-Martin , Mayer Jochen , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Mäder Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAgricultural practices contribute considerably to emissions of greenhouse gases. So far, knowledge on the impact of organic compared to non-organic farming on soil-derived nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions is limited. We investigated N2O and CH4 fluxes with manual chambers during 571 days in a grass-clover– silage maize – green manure cropping sequence in the long-term field trial “DOK” in Switzerland. We compared two organic farming systems – biodynamic (BIODYN) and bioorganic (BIOORG) – with two non-organic systems – solely mineral fertilisation (CONMIN) and mixed farming including farmyard manure (CONFYM) – all reflecting Swiss farming practices–together with an unfertilised control (NOFERT). We observed a 40.2% reduction of N2O emissions per hectare for organic compared to non-organic systems. In contrast to current knowledge, yield-scaled cumulated N2O emissions under silage maize were similar between organic and non-organic systems. Cumulated on area scale we recorded under silage maize a modest CH4 uptake for BIODYN and CONMIN and high CH4 emissions for CONFYM. We found that, in addition to N input, quality properties such as pH, soil organic carbon and microbial biomass significantly affected N2O emissions. This study showed that organic farming systems can be a viable measure contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation in the agricultural sector.
Observational constraint of in-cloud supersaturation for simulations of aerosol rainout in atmospheric models
Authors: Moteki Nobuhiro , Mori Tatsuhiro , Matsui Hitoshi , Ohata Sho 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantitative simulation of an aerosol’s lifecycle by regional-scale and global-scale atmospheric models is mandatory for unbiased analysis and prediction of aerosol radiative forcing and climate change. Globally, aerosol deposition is dominated by the rainout process, which is mostly triggered by activation of aerosols to liquid droplets in supersaturated domains of precipitating clouds. However, the actual environmental supersaturation value that aerosols experience in precipitating clouds is difficult for models to predict, and it has never been constrained by observations; as a result, there is large uncertainty in atmospheric aerosol simulations. Here, by a particle-tracer analysis of 37 rainfall events in East Asia, near the largest source region of anthropogenic aerosols in the northern hemisphere, we observed that the environmental supersaturation actually experienced by the removed aerosols in precipitating clouds averaged 0.08 ± 0.03% and ranged from 0.03 to 0.2%. Simulations by a mixing-state-resolved global aerosol model showed that the simulated long-range transport efficiency and global atmospheric burden of black carbon aerosols can be changed by a factor of two or three as a result of a change in the environmental supersaturation in precipitating clouds within just 0.08 ± 0.03%. This result is attributable to the fact that the sensitivity of an aerosol’s rainout efficiency to environmental supersaturation is higher for the less-aged black carbon concentrated near source regions. Our results suggest that observational constraints of environmental supersaturation in precipitating clouds, particularly near source regions, are of fundamental importance for accurate simulation of the atmospheric burden of black carbon and other aerosols.
Exosome-mediated horizontal gene transfer occurs in double-strand break repair during genome editing
Authors: Ono Ryuichi , Yasuhiko Yukuto , Aisaki Ken-ichi , Kitajima Satoshi , Kanno Jun , Hirabayashi Yoko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas9 system has been successfully applied in many organisms as a powerful genome-editing tool. Undoubtedly, it will soon be applied to human genome editing, including gene therapy. We have previously reported that unintentional DNA sequences derived from retrotransposons, genomic DNA, mRNA and vectors are captured at double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites when DSBs are introduced by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Therefore, it is possible that unintentional insertions associated with DSB repair represent a potential risk for human genome editing gene therapies. To address this possibility, comprehensive sequencing of DSB sites was performed. Here, we report that exosome-mediated horizontal gene transfer occurs in DSB repair during genome editing. Exosomes are present in all fluids from living animals, including seawater and breathing mammals, suggesting that exosome-mediated horizontal gene transfer is the driving force behind mammalian genome evolution. The findings of this study highlight an emerging new risk for this leading-edge technology.
Mechanistic insights into the evolution of DUF26-containing proteins in land plants
Authors: Vaattovaara Aleksia , Brandt Benjamin , Rajaraman Sitaram , Safronov Omid , Veidenberg Andres , Luklová Markéta , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Löytynoja Ari , Hothorn Michael , Salojärvi Jarkko , Wrzaczek Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarge protein families are a prominent feature of plant genomes and their size variation is a key element for adaptation. However, gene and genome duplications pose difficulties for functional characterization and translational research. Here we infer the evolutionary history of the DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION (DUF) 26-containing proteins. The DUF26 emerged in secreted proteins. Domain duplications and rearrangements led to the appearance of CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASES (CRKs) and PLASMODESMATA-LOCALIZED PROTEINS (PDLPs). The DUF26 is land plant-specific but structural analyses of PDLP ectodomains revealed strong similarity to fungal lectins and thus may constitute a group of plant carbohydrate-binding proteins. CRKs expanded through tandem duplications and preferential retention of duplicates following whole genome duplications, whereas PDLPs evolved according to the dosage balance hypothesis. We propose that new gene families mainly expand through small-scale duplications, while fractionation and genetic drift after whole genome multiplications drive families towards dosage balance.
Metabolomic analysis reveals a protective effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao herbal granules on oxalate-induced kidney injury
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Wen-Rui , Hou Jie-Bin , Ding Jia-Rong , Peng Zhong-Jiang , Gao Song-Yan , Dong Xin , Ma Jun-Hua , Lin Qi-Shan , Lu Jian-Rao , Guo Zhi-Yong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is one of the world’s major public health burdens with a high incidence and a risk of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is commonly used in treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney stone has still been a mystery. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney injury and identify unique metabolomics patterns using a mouse model of kidney stone induced by a calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition. Von Kossa staining and immuno-histopathological staining of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and calbindin-D28k were conducted on renal sections. Biochemical analysis was performed on serum, urine, and kidney tissues. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole-TOF-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for serum metabolic profiling. The immunohistopathological and biochemical analysis showed the therapeutic benefits of FFJQC. The expression levels of OPN and CD44 were decreased while calbindin-D28k increased after the CaOx injured mice were treated with FFJQC. In addition, total of 81 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with protective effects of FFJQC on CaOx crystal injured mice. Most of these metabolites were involved in purine, amino acid, membrane lipid and energy metabolism. Potential metabolite biomarkers were found for CaOx crystal-induced renal damage. Potential metabolite biomarkers of CaOx crystal-induced renal damage were found. FFJQC shows therapeutic benefits on CaOx crystal injured mice via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acids, purine, pyrimidine, glycerolipid, arachidonic acid (AA), sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and fatty acid.
The therapeutic effect of switching from tacrolimus to low-dose cyclosporine A in renal transplant recipients with BK virus nephropathy
Authors: Chen Xu-Tao , Li Jun , Deng Rong-Hai , Yang Shi-Cong , Chen Yan-Yang , Chen Pei-Song , Wang Ze-Yuan , Huang Yang , Wang Chang-Xi , Huang Gang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: There is no effective therapy for BK virus (BKV) nephropathy (BKVN). Cyclosporine A (CsA) has a lower immunosuppressive effect than tacrolimus. In vitro studies have shown that CsA inhibits BKV replication. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of switching from tacrolimus to low-dose CsA in renal transplant recipients with BKVN. Methods: Twenty-four patients diagnosed with BKVN between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Tacrolimus was switched to low-dose CsA, and patients were followed for 24 months. Primary end points were BKV clearance in blood and graft. Secondary end points were urine specific gravity, serum creatinine, and graft loss. Results: The viremia in all patients cleared at a mean of 2.7 ± 2.0 months after switching to CsA. Urine specific gravity at 3 months after switching to CsA increased significantly compared with that at diagnosis (P=0.002). The timing and trend of urine specific gravity increase was consistent with the timing and trend of blood and urine viral load decrease. Repeated biopsies at a median of 11.2 months (range: 9.1–12.5 months) after switching to CsA showed that 8 patients (42.1%) were negative for BKV, and 11 patients (58.9%) had a decrease in BKV load (P&lt;0.001). There was no statistical difference in the serum creatinine level between the time of diagnosis and 24 months of CsA therapy (P=0.963). The graft survival rate was 100%. Only two patients (8.3%) suffered from acute rejection. Conclusion: Switching from tacrolimus to low-dose CsA may be an effective therapy for BKVN.
Thermal energy harvesting system based on magnetocaloric materials★
Authors: Ahmim Smail , Almanza Morgan , Pasko Alexandre , Mazaleyrat Frédéric , LoBue Martino 
Published: February 2019

We numerically study the design of a thermomagnetic generator aimed to convert a heat flow into electrical energy. The device uses the variation of magnetization of a magnetocaloric material (MCM) along a cyclic transformation between the hot and the cold sources. The magnetic energy is transformed into mechanical energy via the magnetic forces and eventually into electrical energy through an electromechanical transducer. Firstly, we work-out the optimal size of the cantilever in order to achieve the self-oscillation of the MCM between the two heat sources. Eventually, using finite element calculations, we compare the efficiency of a piezoelectric transducer (PZT 5a) with that of a set of coils in order to convert the mechanical into electrical energy. The piezoelectrics and the coils recover 0.025% and 0.018% respectively of the available mechanical energy (116 mJ/cm3). The possible strategies to achieve a better performance are discussed in theconclusion.
Faziale Hauttumore: Resektion und plastische
Defektrekonstruktion – Teil 1
Authors: Häussler Daniel , Sadick Haneen , Rotter Nicole 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Häufigkeit von Tumoren der Gesichtshaut nimmt aufgrund der steigenden
UV-Exposition und der zunehmenden Alterung der Bevölkerung zu. Gleichzeitig
steigen die Ansprüche an die Funktion und Ästhetik der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie
im Gesicht. Die In-sano-Resektion mit Sicherheitsabstand ist der entscheidende
erste Schritt eines operativen Vorgehens. Die anschließende Rekonstruktion ist
von patientenspezifischen und weiteren Faktoren abhängig.
Sonografie von Schilddrüsenknoten
Authors: Schmidt Daniela 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Sonografie gehört zu den Standardverfahren bei der Evaluation von
Schilddrüsenknoten. Verschiedene sonografische Veränderungen sind mit einem
erhöhten Malignitätsrisiko assoziiert. Basierend hierauf wurden in den letzten
Jahren Klassifizierungssysteme entwickelt, um leichter diejenigen Knoten zu
selektieren, welche einer weiteren Abklärung bedürfen (TI-RADS: thyroid imaging
and reporting systems). Bis jetzt werden in diesen Systemen nur morphologische
Kriterien eingeschlossen. Resultate einer Farbdoppler-Sonografie als ergänzendem
Verfahren werden in diesen Klassifizierungen nicht berücksichtigt, obwohl eine
erhöhte intranoduläre Vaskularisation bei follikulären Neoplasien mit einem
erhöhten Malignitätsrisiko assoziiert ist. Aktuell werden die neuen Systeme
evaluiert und müssen gegebenenfalls für die klinische Praxis optimiert werden.
Außerdem gibt es erste Ansätze, die Dokumentation der Ultraschallergebnisse
weiter zu standardisieren, um die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten der
Ultraschalluntersuchung im Sinne der Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung zu
optimieren.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma – a Current Review of the Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Scheidt Sebastian , Jacobs Cornelius , Koob Sebastian , Welle Kristian , Walter Sebastian , Jakob Jens , Kehrer Michael , Schmolders Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasias that due to their often clinically silent appearance often remain undetected or experience delayed treatment. Especially soft tissue swelling is often misinterpreted by patients and doctors and trivialized or verified with an incorrect biopsy technique. The hereby evoked complications for the patients are serious and may be reduced by simply following the available guidelines. The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas requires a close interdisciplinary coordination between specialists in tumor orthopedics, oncology, radiology, pathology and radiotherapy. On the basis of a selective literature review, the following article points out the current evidence on the treatment and illustrates a treatment algorithm.
Recent Advances in the Application of Ring-Closing Metathesis for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Groso Emilia , Schindler Corinna 
Published: February 2019

This short review summarizes recent advances relating to the application of ring-closing olefin-olefin and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions towards the synthesis of unsaturated five- and six-membered nitrogen heterocycles. These developments include catalyst modifications and reaction designs that will enable access to more complex nitrogen heterocycles.1	Introduction2	Expansion of Ring-Closing Metathesis Methods3	Evaluation of Catalyst Design4	Indenylidene Catalysts5	Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands6	Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis7	Conclusions
Highly Satisfied Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Display a Wide Range of Soft Tissue Balance
Authors: McAuliffe Michael J. , O'Connor Patrick B. , Major Lisa J. , Garg Gautam , Whitehouse Sarah L. , Crawford Ross W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft tissue balancing while crucial for a successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is incompletely defined and the subject of broad recommendations. We analyzed 69 unilateral computer-assisted surgery posterior stabilized (PS) TKA subjects who postoperatively scored ≥36 out of a possible 40 points on the satisfaction section of the American Knee Society score (2011). We examined a range of postoperative coronal plane laxity parameters and the correlation between preoperative and postoperative laxity. Total postoperative coronal laxity arcs at maximum extension and 20 degrees of flexion varied between 2 and 12 and 3 and 13 degrees, respectively. Depending on the position of measurement, medial laxity was between 0.5 and 9.5 degrees and lateral laxity between 1 and 12 degrees. The change in laxity between maximum extension and 90 degrees of flexion demonstrated a range of 7 degrees medially and 12 degrees laterally. The total coronal arc of movement did not affect functional outcomes. A moderate correlation of 0.452 and 0.424 was seen between initial and postoperative total coronal laxity arcs in maximum extension and 20 degrees of flexion, respectively. The individual variability for each measured parameter within our cohort demonstrates TKA satisfaction is not as simple as producing a narrow range of coronal laxity parameters and that as with many body systems considerable variation is still consistent with excellent function. Our findings help to define acceptable balance parameters for PS TKA. It does not appear necessary to closely match postoperative laxity to that present preoperatively.
HCMV trimer- and pentamer-specific antibodies synergize for virus neutralization but do not correlate with congenital transmission
Authors: Vanarsdall Adam L. , Chin Andrea L. , Liu Jing , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Mudd James O. , Orloff Susan L. , Streblow Daniel , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M. , Yamamoto Aparecida Y. , Duarte Geraldo , Britt William J. , Johnson David C. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes severe morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and is the most commonly transmitted virus that causes developmental defects in the fetus. Currently, there is no licensed HCMV vaccine available, and prior efforts using attenuated viruses and subunit vaccines were not successful. Recently, there has been intense interest in the HCMV pentamer glycoprotein as a component of vaccines. Here, we show that transplant patients’ and pregnant mothers’ sera contain neutralizing antibodies specific for the pentamer and also for a second HCMV glycoprotein, the trimer, which is essential for HCMV entry into cells. Trimer- and pentamer-specific antibodies acted synergistically to neutralize virus and block cell–cell spread. These observations will have major implications for the future of HCMV vaccine development.
Machine-learning approach to the design of OSDAs for zeolite beta
Authors: Daeyaert Frits , Ye Fengdan , Deem Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Zeolite beta is one of the top-six zeolites of commercial interest. It has been synthesized through the use of a number of organic structure directing agents (OSDAs). Pure zeolite beta A has not yet been synthesized, nor has chiral zeolite beta A. We here report a machine-learning strategy to aid the computational design of chemically synthesizable OSDAs for zeolite beta A. The use of machine learning speeds up the computation by a factor of 350. Through de novo materials design runs, a total of 3,062 promising OSDAs were identified, and 469 OSDAs were computed to stabilize the structure of zeolite beta A better than known compounds.
Adaptation of precision agriculture to root crops (sugar beet and potato).
Authors: Mahmood S. A. , Murdoch A. J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Sugar beet (
Beta vulgaris
) meets about 30% of the global demand for sucrose while potato (
Solanum tuberosum
) is the world's fourth staple food crop contributing to a significant proportion of global food needs. As world population increases, increasing the yields of these crops sustainably is important, providing it is not to the detriment of the environment and farm profitability. Despite its potential contribution towards sustainable intensification, few farmers have adopted precision agriculture (PA) approaches in these crops. This paper reviews and discusses the scope and challenges of implementing PA in sugar beet and potato. The main challenges identified are: the general paucity of yield maps especially for sugar beet; the difficulty of detecting the underground yield components of root crops by remote sensing; the ability of root crops to absorb water and nutrients from deep in the soil; and changes in the EU support to sugar beet farmers. The crops are, however, grown in large areas, mostly in developed countries that have more access to PA techniques and technologies, so that there is a good scope for adaptation. For example, existing PA techniques of weed control, nutrient management and irrigation could be adapted for root crops. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges, evaluate commercial application of PA techniques to root crops and examine the possibility of early detection of crop stress.