bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Norepinephrine and Vasopressin Discontinuation Order in the Recovery Phase of Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Sacha Gretchen L. , Bissell Brittany D. , Musallam Nadine , Altshuler Diana , Flannery Alexander H. , Lam Simon W. , Bauer Seth R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe impact of vasopressin and norepinephrine discontinuation order in the recovery phase of septic shock remains controversial. This systematic review and patient‐level meta‐analysis were performed to determine the impact of vasopressin and norepinephrine discontinuation order on clinically significant outcomes in the recovery phase of septic shock.MethodsCumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through November 2018 for studies comparing outcomes after the discontinuation of vasopressin or norepinephrine in septic shock. Individual patient‐level data were obtained from included studies and combined using a two‐stage meta‐analysis.ResultsSix studies of low or moderate risk of bias with 957 patients were included. Clinically significant hypotension occurred more frequently when vasopressin was discontinued first compared to norepinephrine (60.7% versus 43.3%, respectively). First discontinuation of norepinephrine compared to vasopressin had lower pooled odds of developing clinically significant hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.68, I2 87%). No differences were detected in short‐term mortality (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67–1.86, I2 45%), intensive care unit length of stay (mean difference 0.15 day, 95% CI −1.58 to 1.88, I2 21%), or hospital length of stay (mean difference 1.65 days, 95% CI −0.47 to 3.76, I2 0%).ConclusionsDiscontinuation of norepinephrine prior to vasopressin during the recovery phase of septic shock resulted in less clinically significant hypotension but no difference in mortality or lengths of stay. Larger, prospective studies evaluating the impact of relative vasopressin deficiency and norepinephrine and vasopressin discontinuation order and timing on patient‐centered outcomes are needed.
All‐solution‐processed transparent front contact for monograin layer kesterite solar cells
Authors: Edinger Stefan , Bansal Neha , Wibowo Adhi Rachmat , Winkler Nina , Illich Peter , Zechmeister Armin , Plessing Lukas , Meissner Dieter , Dimopoulos Theodoros 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a fully solution‐processed transparent front contact for kesterite monograin layer solar cells, which is composed of a silver nanowire network above a ZnO‐based window bilayer. This window bilayer comprises a layer of ZnO nanoparticles and a second layer of chemical‐bath‐deposited doped ZnO. The optimized front contact can be processed within minutes and performs equally to a reference front contact with a sputtered iZnO/ZnO:Al window bilayer, both on solar cell and module level with sizes up to 20 × 20 cm2. To achieve this, it was necessary to obtain a compact morphology of the chemical‐bath‐deposited, doped ZnO film even for very short deposition times. It is found that, firstly, this depends on the homogeneity of the seed layer, which is the prerequisite for thin film growth by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the substrate. It is shown that the ZnO nanoparticle layer covers the rough monograin substrate in a continuous and unperturbed manner. The second aspect of importance was the dopant type used in the CBD process (Al, Ga, or In). Optimal combination of photovoltaic performance and process speed was obtained for Ga‐doped ZnO, yielding compact films for deposition times as low as 1 minute. The solution‐processed window layers are susceptible to a light‐soaking effect, which impairs the cell performance upon storage in dark conditions. While this effect can be easily overcome in the laboratory, the effect in a real application scenario was investigated under outdoor conditions for a period of 4 weeks.
GPX4 at the Crossroads of Lipid Homeostasis and Ferroptosis
Authors: Forcina Giovanni C. , Dixon Scott J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOxygen is necessary for aerobic metabolism but can cause the harmful oxidation of lipids and other macromolecules. Oxidation of cholesterol and phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains can lead to lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and cell death. Lipid hydroperoxides are key intermediates in the process of lipid peroxidation. The lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) converts lipid hydroperoxides to lipid alcohols, and this process prevents the iron (Fe2+)‐dependent formation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of GPX4 function leads to lipid peroxidation and can result in the induction of ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent, non‐apoptotic form of cell death. This review describes the formation of reactive lipid species, the function of GPX4 in preventing oxidative lipid damage, and the link between GPX4 dysfunction, lipid oxidation, and the induction of ferroptosis.
Highly alkaline stable anion exchange membranes from nonplanar polybenzimidazole with steric hindrance backbone
Authors: Ma Hongmei , Zhu Hong , Wang Zhongming 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with both high ionic conductivity and alkali stability are always the research focus of the AEM fuel cells. Here, a novel nonplanar polymer for AEMs manufacture, mPBI‐TP‐x‐R, with excellent hydroxide stability and satisfactory processability is reported for the first time. The serial mPBI‐TP‐x resins with steric hindrance were prepared by copolymerization among 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraaminobiphenyl, isophthalic acid and tetraphenyl‐terephthalic acid (TP) in different ratios under microwave condensation. The copolymers mPBI‐TP‐x were quaternized at N1/N3‐sites of benzimidazole unit in backbone with alkyl groups (RCH3, C2H5, n‐C3H7, or n‐C4H9) to prepare soluble ionomers, and the corresponding membranes in hydroxyl ion form were prepared by a solution casting method and subsequent ion‐exchange process. The chemical structure of all membranes was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The properties of ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling ratio, tensile strength, ionic conductivity, and alkaline stability were measured. Among the prepared membranes, the mPBI‐TP‐15%‐(n‐Bu) exhibited the excellent alkaline stability (only degradation ca. 5% under 1M NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 800 h) and satisfactory OH− conductivity (46.66 mS/cm at 80 °C). The current research provides a useful exploration to commercial application of alkaline fuel cell. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1087–1096
Absorbed weak polyelectrolytes: Impact of confinement, topology, and chemically specific interactions on ionization, conformation free energy, counterion condensation, and absorption equilibrium
Authors: Tagliabue Andrea , Izzo Lorella , Mella Massimo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAbsorption of weak polyelectrolytes impacts on properties such as ionization, conformations, and counterion (CI) condensation that are important in several areas of applied and fundamental science. We used a weak polyelectrolyte model and Monte Carlo simulations to investigate how the mentioned properties depend on pH or the size of a spherical cavity (SC) permeable to CIs but not to polyelectrolytes; the latter have either linear or starlike topologies and may be allowed to form charged hydrogen bonds (cH‐bonds) between ionized and neutral monomers. Average ionization decreases upon increasing the number of arms at a constant number of monomers; it instead increases with the arm length in large SC due to CI screening. The way SC size, cH‐bonds, and pH values interrelate to define ionization is instead more complicate due to arm pairing or clustering when cH‐bonds are possible. These induce oscillations in the arm local ionization and impact on both monomer and CI distributions in the complete simulation cell in a way that also depends on polymer topology. The impact of ionization on the confinement free energy is also estimated; this highlighted that cH‐bonding may enhance absorption compared with neutral chains. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 491–510
Deliberate Introduction of Particle Anisotropy in Helical Gold Nanoparticle Superstructures
Authors: Mokashi‐Punekar Soumitra , Rosi Nathaniel L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHelical nanoparticle (NP) superstructures are an important class of chiral NP assemblies. The nature of the constituent NPs (size and shape) within these assemblies dictates their optical properties. However, the construction of helical NP superstructures consisting of various anisotropic NPs remains challenging. Here, a set of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide derivatives is employed to transform constituent spherical gold NPs (≈3 nm) within a chiral single‐helical assembly into gold nanoprisms (edge length ≅ 10 nm). Careful optimization of this strategy may lead to designed chiral NP architectures with tunable optical properties.
Enhanced metabolism causes reduced flufenacet sensitivity in black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) field populations
Authors: Dücker Rebecka , Zöllner Peter , Parcharidou Evlampia , Ries Susanne , Lorentz Lothar , Beffa Roland 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBlack‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) is a frequent grass weed that commonly occurs in winter wheat in temperate Europe. Evolving resistance to post‐emergence herbicides, e.g. acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors requires more complex weed management strategies and ensuring good efficacy of pre‐emergence treatments becomes increasingly important. Flufenacet, in particular, has become a key herbicide for the control of multiple‐resistant A. myosuroides. However, in some of those populations, reduced flufenacet efficacy was already observed.RESULTSIn a screening of black‐grass populations from several European countries, most populations were controlled with the registered field rate of flufenacet. However, differences in the level of flufenacet sensitivity were observed and correlated with glutathione S‐transferase‐mediated enhanced flufenacet metabolism. The efficacy of the pre‐emergence herbicides pendimethalin, prosulfocarb, S‐metolachlor and pethoxamid, was also significantly decreased in populations with reduced flufenacet sensitivity. The use of flufenacet in mixtures with diflufenican, particularly in combination with flurtamone or metribuzin, however, significantly improved efficacy in less susceptible black‐grass populations.CONCLUSIONSIn several populations of different European origins, reduced efficacy of flufenacet was observed due to enhanced metabolism. Although differences between populations were relatively small, best weed management practices (e.g. application of full dose rates and herbicide mixtures and wide crop rotations) should be applied to reduce selection pressure and prevent flufenacet resistance from further evolving. This is particularly important as flufenacet is one of the few still‐effective herbicides suitable for the control of multiple‐resistant A. myosuroides genotypes in Europe, whereas alternative pre‐emergence herbicides were less effective against multiple‐resistant A. myosuroides populations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling of the Phytophthora capsici cellulose synthase 3 and its inhibitors activity assay
Authors: Wu Changcai , Zhao Jian , Li Zhikang , Liu Wanli , Mei Xiangdong , Ning Jun , She Dongmei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora capsici is a devastating pathogen for crop. Cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) is a target for many potential fungicides such as valinamide derivatives. However, the 3‐dimensional structure (3‐DS) of CesA3 in Phytophthora capsici was still unknown.RESULTSHere CesA3 protein sequence was retrieved from the NCBI protein sequence database We did the 3‐DS structural modeling for CesA3 and used molecular dynamics to optimize the model. The model was further validated by the Ramachandran plot in PROCHECK program. Two series of new valinamide compound were synthesized and tested for its biological activity. The docking data obtained by the model perfectly matched with the biometric data, indicating that the model is valid. Moreover, docking study data revealed the mechanism of action of inhibitors on target enzymes.CONCLUSIONThe 3‐DS structural model was analyzed from the perspective of the biocide receptor, the structure of the target protein and the mechanism of action of the compound. It provides a new perspective for the design of new fungicides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Migration in China: A cohort approach to understanding past and future trends
Authors: Bernard Aude , Bell Martin , Zhu Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternal migration trends in China are well documented, but existing studies rely almost exclusively on period measures applied to cross‐sectional data. To examine long‐term trends, this paper adopts a cohort perspective and analyses migration levels and patterns and reasons for moving for cohorts born between 1935 and 1974. It applies a series of newly developed cohort measures to nationally representative migration histories retrospectively collected as part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2014. It then develops cohort projections of migration from birth to age 60 for cohorts born between 1955 and 1994. The results show modest but rising levels of migration underpinned by a reduction in lifetime immobility and a rise in repeat movement, largely caused by an upswing in employment‐related moves and return migration. Cohort analysis reveals more stable trends than period measures, while showing significant sex differentials that have persisted across successive cohorts.
Segregation of tetracarbon units in low‐energy tetracarbindane structures: Major differences from their aluminum and gallium analogs
Authors: Attia Amr A. A. , Lupan Alexandru , King R. Bruce 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe structures and energetics of the tetracarbindanes C4Inn−4Men (n = 6‐14) have been determined by density functional theory. In contrast to their aluminum and gallium analogs, the lowest energy tetracarbindanes typically have all four carbon atoms segregated into a single C4 unit. Thus, linear C4 units resembling butadiene are found in the lowest energy C4Inn−4Men structures. In addition, some higher energy tetracarbindane structures have a structural feature not found in any of the corresponding tetracarbalanes and tetracarbagallanes, namely closed trapezoidal C4 units resembling cyclobutene. Such trapezoidal C4 units bind to the Inn−4 subcluster with the CC edge bonding to a single indium atoms as an olefin‐metal or 3‐center 2‐electron bond. These differences may be attributed to the larger size of indium atoms (1.42 Å covalent radius) relative to gallium atoms (1.22 Å covalent radius).
Concise Review: Application of Chemically Modified mRNA in Cell Fate Conversion and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Badieyan Zohreh Sadat , Evans Todd 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chemically modified RNA (cmRNA) has potential as a safe and efficient tool for nucleic acid-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Modifications in the chemistry of mRNA can enhance stability, reduce immunogenicity, and thus facilitate mRNA-based nucleic acid therapy, which eliminates risk of insertional mutagenesis. In addition to these valuable advantages, the mRNA-based method showed significantly higher efficacy for reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency compared with DNA- or protein-based methods. These findings suggest cmRNA can provide a powerful and safe tool for cell programming and reprogramming. Delivery methods, particularly using lipid nanoparticles, provide strategies for cell and organ-specific targeting. The present study comprehensively compares studies that have used cmRNAs for cell fate conversion and tissue engineering. The information should be useful for investigators looking to choose the most efficient and straightforward cmRNA-based strategy and protocol for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:833–843
Synthesis of New Quinazolin‐4‐(3H)‐one Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities
Authors: Mostafavi Hamid , Islami Mohammad Reza , Khabazzadeh Hojatollah , Khaleghi Moj 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new series of quinazolin‐4‐ones are conveniently synthesized in a one‐pot procedure from anthranilamide derivatives and aldehydes using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The aim of inserting azo pyridyl and 4‐amino benzamide groups in the structure of quinazolin‐4‐one derivatives is to achieve skeletal appearance with more antibacterial and antifungal properties. Therefore, the biological activities of the synthetic compounds were studied. The results revealed that almost all compounds exhibit antimicrobial activities.
Insights into the Inhibitory Effect of H2O on Hg‐Catalytic Oxidation over the MnOx‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Leng Erwei , Li Chengpu , Zhu Xinbo , Zhao Bo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMnOx‐based catalyst has been used for elemental mercury (Hg0) removal in the coal‐fired flue gas, but the H2O in the flue gas significantly inhibits its activity. Generally, it is believed the inhibitory effect is caused by competitive adsorption between Hg0/HCl and H2O. In this study, we found that the MnOx was also aged in the flue gas with high concentration of H2O. The results indicated that the catalysts would be aged by H2O. The characterization of the fresh and aged catalysts showed that the amount of Mn4+ and chemisorbed oxygen species decreased. H2O didn't inhibit HCl adsorption on the catalyst surface, but suppressed the formation of active chlorine species, which was active for Hg0 removal. Therefore, besides the generally known competitive adsorption mechanism, there should be other possible reasons to interpret the inhibitory effects of water vapor on Hg0 oxidation process.
TsNBr2 Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Acylbenzothiazoles and Quinoxalines from Aryl Methyl Ketones under Metal Free Condition
Authors: Loukrakpam Dineshwori Chanu , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient one pot strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2‐acylbenzothiazoles and quinoxalines from aryl methyl ketones. A variety of heterocycles of these two categories could be prepared in a two‐step sequence in excellent yields. The reaction was performed starting from aromatic ketones via an aryl gloxal intermediate which, on further condensation with 2‐aminobenzenethiol or o‐phenylenediamine, produces the corresponding heterocyclic skeleton. Aromatic ketones are initially treated with TsNBr2 in DMSO at 65 °C for 3 h and the crude reaction mixture was treated with 2‐aminobenzenethiol (at 80 °C) or o‐phenylenediamine (at RT) to generate the final compound.
Synthesis of 6′‐Methyl‐2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐α‐L‐ ribofuranosyl‐pyrimidine Nucleosides
Authors: Mangla Priyanka , Maity Jyotirmoy , Rungta Pallavi , Verma Vineet , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Prasad Ashok K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the efficient synthesis of (6′R)‐ and (6′S)‐6′‐methyl‐2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐α‐L‐ribofuranosyl‐thymine, and (6′R)‐ and (6′S)‐6′‐methyl‐2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐α‐L‐ribofuranosyl‐uracil starting from diacetone glucofuranose in overall yields of 6.3, 4.7, 5.4 and 4.0%, respectively. The key step in the synthesis of stereochemically defined 6′‐Me‐bicyclic‐nucleosides is the nucleophilic addition of methyl group at methylene carbon of 4‐C–CH2OH moiety of the 4‐C‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilyloxymethylated sugar precursor. Thus, the methyl group was added on the aldehyde obtained from Dess‐Martin periodinane oxidation of the precursor alcohol employing AlMe3 in hexane. Both (6′R)‐ and (6′S)‐stereoisomers of bicyclic nucleosides T and U were successfully synthesized following Vorbrüggen nucleobase coupling of T and U with triacetylated glycosyl donor obtained from acetolysis of (5R)‐ and (5 S)‐4‐C‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)‐5‐C‐methyl‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐3‐O‐(2‐naphthylmethyl)‐α‐D‐xylofuranoses and further cyclization and deprotection of the resulted nucleoside. One of the nucleosides, (6′R)‐6′‐methyl‐2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐α‐L‐ribofuranosyl‐uracil has been reported earlier in 1.8% yield, while the present methodology yielded the nucleoside in 5.4% yield. All the synthesized 6′‐Me‐bicyclic‐nucleosides showed no significant anti‐viral activity against H1 N1 strain of influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934).
An Increase in Membrane Cholesterol by Graphene Oxide Disrupts Calcium Homeostasis in Primary Astrocytes
Authors: Bramini Mattia , Chiacchiaretta Martina , Armirotti Andrea , Rocchi Anna , Kale Deepali D. , Martin Cristina , Vázquez Ester , Bandiera Tiziano , Ferroni Stefano , Cesca Fabrizia , Benfenati Fabio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of graphene nanomaterials (GNMs) for biomedical applications targeted to the central nervous system is exponentially increasing, although precise information on their effects on brain cells is lacking. In this work, the molecular changes induced in cortical astrocytes by few‐layer graphene (FLG) and graphene oxide (GO) flakes are addressed. The results show that exposure to FLG/GO does not affect cell viability or proliferation. However, proteomic and lipidomic analyses unveil alterations in several cellular processes, including intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism, which are particularly intense in cells exposed to GO. Indeed, GO exposure impairs spontaneous and evoked astrocyte [Ca2+]i signals and induces a marked increase in membrane cholesterol levels. Importantly, cholesterol depletion fully rescues [Ca2+]i dynamics in GO‐treated cells, indicating a causal relationship between these GO‐mediated effects. The results indicate that exposure to GNMs alters intracellular signaling in astrocytes and may impact astrocyte–neuron interactions.
Electrochemically Modulated LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shuai Honglei , Li Jiayang , Hong Wanwan , Gao Xu , Zou Guoqiang , Hu Jiugang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo , Liu Huiqun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLayered lithium transition‐metal oxides are considered as promising cathodes for new‐generation lithium‐ion batteries due to their high capacity and excellent rate capability. Nevertheless, the approach of preparing precursors is generally restricted to the utilization of wet‐chemical methods. Herein, for the first time, an electrochemical strategy is introduced to prepare Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3(OH)2 precursor with the mixing at the atomic level by electrochemically anodized Ni–Mn–Co alloy anode, demonstrating the superiorities of high yield without the process of the extreme alkaline environment and complicated process. Furthermore, the layered LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode is obtained through calcining the mixture of precursors and Li sources under a certain calcined temperature. As anticipated, the initial discharge specific capacities of 183.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with a capacity retention of 79.66% after 120 loops are delivered for LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode with calcining at 930 °C, and it also exhibits superior rate capability with specific capacities of 151.1 and 116.5 mAh g−1 at 1 and 10 C, respectively. Therefore, this innovative approach can be readily extended to prepare other types of lithiated transition metal oxide precursors.