bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variations of the infraorbital canal during CT has limited association with headshaking in horses
Authors: Edwards Ralph A. , Hermans Hanneke , Veraa Stefanie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeadshaking is a common problem in horses. The etiology is unknown but thought to involve sensory input from branches of the trigeminal nerve, some of which are within the infraorbital canal. The objective of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to describe the CT anatomy and variations of the infraorbital canal in horses with local disease processes and normal horses, and to examine associations between those findings and headshaking. Computed tomography scans were reviewed and morphological changes of the infraorbital canal were described. Presence of changes was then tested for association with headshaking prevalence, presence of disease processes in the region of the infraorbital canal, age, and sex. Nonparametric tests were used and a P‐value of .05 was considered significant. A total of 218 horses were included, 9% of which had headshaking and 45% had CT lesions in the region of the infraorbital canal. Morphological changes to the bone of the infraorbital canal were found in 121 horses (56%) and included the following: increased mineralization 39 (18%), decreased mineralization 89 (41%), deformed shape 51 (23%), displaced position 43 (20%), and disruption 11 (5%). All changes of the infraorbital canal significantly increased in frequency with the presence of adjacent disease. Increased mineralization and disruption of the infraorbital canal were significantly associated with headshaking in horses with adjacent disease; the latter only reached significance after exclusion of dentally immature horses. No other changes were significantly associated with the presence of headshaking. No association was found between headshaking and the age or sex of the horse.
Endorsement and Validation of the Essential Evidence‐Based Practice Competencies for Practicing Nurses in Finland: An Argument Delphi Study
Authors: Saunders Hannele , Gallagher‐Ford Lynn , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo explore nurses’ views and establish consensus on the key content of the essential evidence‐based practice (EBP) competencies developed by Melnyk et al. (2014, Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 11, 5) for practicing registered nurses (RNs) and advanced practice nurses (APNs) among Finnish nurse panelists.BackgroundBroad‐based integration of best evidence into daily practice is central to effectively improving care quality and patient outcomes. EBP competencies allow healthcare professionals and organizations to clarify performance expectations regarding EBP and succinctly outline the expected competencies for successful application of best evidence to daily care.DesignA modified Policy Delphi study design.MethodsThe Delphi panel was conducted in late 2017 among 14 Finnish nurse clinicians, educators, and leaders with a special interest in EBP. The data were collected using an eDelphi Internet application and the Argument Delphi method, highlighting the panelists’ different perspectives. Standardized guidelines and descriptive statistics were used to translate the essential EBP competencies into Finnish and analyze the data.ResultsThe Finnish Delphi panel endorsed and validated the essential EBP competencies for practicing RNs and APNs with a few minor modifications. Of the 13 essential EBP competencies for practicing RNs, consensus was established among the Delphi panelists over two rounds on all but one of the EBP competencies. Of the 11 additional essential EBP competencies for practicing APNs, consensus was established over two Delphi rounds on all the EBP competencies for APNs.Linking Evidence to ActionAs EBP is a shared competency and the key principles and steps of EBP implementation are universal, the international endorsement and validation of national consensus‐based, clinical practice‐oriented EBP competency sets establish an international quality standard for nurses to aspire to and attain on EBP and provide guidance for nurses in integrating best evidence into their daily practice, facilitating broad‐based, consistent implementation of EBP worldwide.
Investigation of the Impact of Unsteady Turbulence Effects on the Aeroelastic Analysis of a Low-Pressure Turbine Rotor Blade
Authors: Heners Jan Philipp , Vogt Damian M. , Frey Christian , Ashcroft Graham 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The impact of the unsteadiness in the considered turbulence quantities on the numerical prediction of the aeroelastic behavior of a low-pressure turbine (LPT) rotor blade is evaluated by means of a numerical study. In this context, one of the main objectives of this work is to compare different nonlinear harmonic balance (HB) approaches—one neglecting and one considering the unsteadiness in the employed turbulence models—with a conventional nonlinear solver of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations in the time domain. In order to avoid unphysical oscillations in the turbulence quantities caused by the Gibbs phenomenon in the chosen HB approach, a filter method based on the Lanczos filter is developed. The developed filter method is applied in the course of the HB simulations considering the unsteadiness in the underlying turbulence model. Furthermore, the impact of its application on the solution of the flow field and on the unsteady surface pressure of the rotor blade, in particular, is discussed in the context of this work.
An Experimental Investigation of Rotor–Box Aerodynamic Interaction1
Authors: Shukla Dhwanil , Komerath Narayanan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising means of package delivery. Such applications generally involve carrying bulky payloads under the vehicle. Understanding the aerodynamic interaction effects of payloads on the vehicle is the key to design such systems, in the low Reynolds number regime of small UAVs. High-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), force, and torque measurements have been used with a rotor and a cubic box to investigate the rotor–box interactions and configurations typical of multirotor UAVs. The observed rotor and vehicle performance trends are explained by the mean flow field captured through PIV. Conditions similar to ground-effect operation are developed for the rotor at a high level of rotor-box overlap. A slight improvement in the vehicle performance is observed at conditions where the box is just out of the rotor wake. Some basic instantaneous flow phenomena due to rotor–box interaction have been identified. The interactions have been classified into three distinct modes based on observations at a range of box positions relative to the rotor. An empirical tip vortex trajectory model for isolated rotors is found to be instrumental in predicting the interaction mode at a given box position.
The role of the Dunn-Seiler Museum, Mississippi State University, in promoting public geoliteracy
Authors: Clary Renee M. , Moe-Hoffman Amy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Mississippi State University’s Dunn-Seiler Museum is a small, traditional museum housed in the Department of Geosciences. Founded in 1946, the museum preserves the geologic specimens collected by faculty, students, and donors and includes holotypes and extensive Cretaceous collections. Throughout its seven decades, the Dunn-Seiler Museum has transitioned in its role as a repository and displayer of geological objects to a facility that uses best practices in informal education to promote visitor understanding of important geological concepts, including biodiversity, evolution, geologic time, and sustainability. The first small public gallery had limited access and displayed specimens with identification cards but little interpretive signage. Beginning in the early 2000s, best research practices were utilized to build interpretive displays to enhance the visitor’s educational experience. In the past decade, the Dunn-Seiler participated within national organizations to expand educational opportunities with resources at the national level. Throughout this transition to increased public education, the museum still curated and maintained research collections. Today the Dunn-Seiler Museum bridges the community of researchers and the general public. While the museum’s role at the forefront of geology was initially in its storage and display of research specimens, its role has expanded to communicate geology for improved public geoliteracy.
Preventing pressure injury in nursing homes: developing a care bundle using the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Lavallée Jacqueline F , Gray Trish A , Dumville Jo C , Cullum Nicky 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo develop, with nurse specialists and nursing home care staff, a theory and evidence-informedpressure injury preventioncare bundle for use in nursing home settings.DesignThe development of a care bundle.MethodsWe undertook a detailed, multistaged and theoretically driven development process. First, we identified evidence-informed pressure injury prevention practices: these formed an initial set of possible target behaviours to be considered for inclusion in the bundle. During a 4-hour workshop and supplemental email consultation with a total of 13 healthcare workers, we agreed the key target behaviours for the care bundle. We explored with staff the barriers and facilitators to prevention activity and defined intervention functions and behaviour change practices using the Behaviour Change Wheel.SettingNorth West England.ResultsThe target behaviours consisted of three elements: support surfaces, skin inspection and repositioning. We identified capability, opportunity and reflective motivation as influencing the pressure injury prevention behaviours of nursing home care staff. The intervention functions (education, training, modelling) and behaviour change techniques (information about social and environmental consequences, information on health consequences, feedback on behaviour, feedback on the outcome of behaviour, prompts/cues, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of behaviour) were incorporated into the care bundle.ConclusionThis is the first description of a pressure injury prevention care bundle for nursing homes developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Key stakeholders identified and prioritised the appropriate target behaviours to aid pressure injury prevention in a nursing home setting.
Trends in the incidence of testing for vitamin D deficiency in primary care in the UK: a retrospective analysis of The Health Improvement Network (THIN), 2005–2015
Authors: Crowe Francesca L , Jolly Kate , MacArthur Christine , Manaseki-Holland Semira , Gittoes Neil , Hewison Martin , Scragg Robert , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate trends in the incidence of testing for vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of patients with circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) indicative of deficiency (<30 nmol/L) between 2005 and 2015.DesignLongitudinal analysis of electronic health records in The Health Improvement Network primary care database.SettingUK primary care.InterventionNone.ParticipantsThe analysis included 6 416 709 participants aged 18 years and older.Primary outcomesIncidence of having a blood test for vitamin D deficiency between 2005 and 2015, the prevalence with blood 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L and the effects of age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status on these measures were assessed.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up time of 5.4 (SD 3.7) years, there were 210 502 patients tested for vitamin D deficiency. The incidence of vitamin D testing rose from 0.29 per 1000 person-years at risk (PYAR) (95% CI 0.27 to 0.31) in 2005 to 16.1 per 1000 PYAR (95% CI 15.9 to 16.2) in 2015. Being female, older, non-white ethnicity and more economically deprived were all strongly associated with being tested. One-third (n=69 515) had 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, but the per cent deficient among ethnic minority groups ranged from 43% among mixed ethnicity to 66% in Asians. Being male, younger and more economically deprived were also all associated with vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001).ConclusionsTesting for vitamin D deficiency increased over the past decade among adults in the UK. One-third of UK adults who had a vitamin D test performed in primary care were vitamin D deficient, and deficiency was much higher among ethnic minority patients. Future research should focus on strategies to ensure population intake of vitamin D, particularly in at-risk groups, meets recommendations to reduce the risk of deficiency and need for testing.
Screw osteosynthesis of transverse fracture of the patella in children
Authors: Mortensen Simon Oksbjerre , Stausholm Anne Mette , Thorninger Rikke 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivePatella fractures in children are rare, with an incidence of less than 1% of all pediatric fractures. Literature describes different surgical techniques and outcomes, but there is not a specified superior technique for children. The aim of this study is to assess the functional outcome after screw fixation of transverse patella fractures in children.MethodsTwo boys at 11 years of age were presented with a transverse fracture of the patella within the same week. Open reduction and fixation of the fractured patella with periost sutures and a 4.0 mm titanium screw inserted from the distal fragment. Afterward, the quadriceps expansion was meticulously repaired with sutures.ResultsThe patients could fully weight bear immediately on a fully extended knee in an orthosis. After 4 weeks, radiological healing was obtained. At the 8-week and 6-month follow-up, the modified Hospital of Special Surgery knee score was 100 points in both patients.ConclusionSingle screw fixation provides an excellent outcome after 8 weeks with a full range of motion and full weight bearing, providing a faster recovery.
Postoperative complications of umbilical loop colostomy for anorectal malformations in neonates compared with the conventional abdominal stoma: a non-randomized study
Authors: Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Hamada Yoshinori , Shirai Takeshi , Hamada Hiroshi , Shigeta Yusuke , Nakamura Yusuke , Doi Takashi 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundWe previously reported a pilot study of temporary umbilical loop colostomy for neonates with intermediate-type anorectal malformations (ARM) and recommended this technique because of its cosmetic excellence. We herein report the postoperative complications of umbilical stomas (US) compared with traditional abdominal stomas (AS).MethodsFrom our institutional prospective database, we analyzed the patients with ARMs who underwent stoma creation at Kansai Medical University Hospital from January 1995 to November 2016. The surgical technique used to create the US had been performed since 2004.ResultsUS and AS were made for 12 and 27 patients with ARMs, respectively. The postoperative complication rates in patients who underwent US and AS had no significant difference (17% and 11%, p=0.6). The complications comprised a wound infection (one case of US), ileus (one case each of US and AS), mucosal prolapse (one case of AS), and depression (one case of AS). No emergency surgery was required for these complications.ConclusionFor patients with ARMs, the umbilicus appears to be a safe alternative site for temporary loop colostomy.
Arterial stiffness and haemodynamic regulation in adolescent anorexia nervosa versus obesity
Authors: Tonhajzerova Ingrid , Mestanikova Andrea , Jurko Alexander , Grendar Marian , Langer Peter , Ondrejka Igor , Jurko Tomas , Hrtanek Igor , Cesnekova Dana , Mestanik Michal 
Published: June 2019

Cardiovascular complications contribute to higher morbidity and mortality in patients with anorexia nervosa. We aimed to study biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in anorexic, normal-weight, and obese adolescents with focus on complex cardiovascular autonomic regulation and early arteriosclerotic damage. We examined 20 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa, 20 obese girls, and 20 healthy normal-weight controls. Collected data: body composition analysis, 5 min recordings of R–R intervals and beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness evaluated using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Evaluated parameters: beat-to-beat heart rate and BP variability, haemodynamic parameters (total peripheral resistance (TPR) cardiac output), CAVI, and anthropometric indices, including novel body roundness index (BRI). Adolescents with anorexia nervosa had increased CAVI associated with lower arterial constriction indexed by low-frequency band of BP variability compared with normal-weight peers (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively) and obese adolescents (p < 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively). After normalization of CAVI and TPR by BRI, the relationship between CAVI and TPR was significant for all groups with the highest slope in the anorexia nervosa group (R2 = 0.724, p < 0.01). This is the first study revealing early arteriosclerotic damage in anorexic girls with increased CAVI. Complex analysis of cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and early arteriosclerotic, hemodynamic, and anthropometric changes in spectrum anorexia nervosa, normal weight, and obesity could help to understand the mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in malnutrition. Novelty Girls with anorexia nervosa showed signs of early arteriosclerotic damage indexed by CAVI. Insufficient sympathetic cardiovascular control was found already in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The effect of body composition on CAVI was best predicted by novel body roundness index.
Belief in the need for sodium supplementation during ultramarathons remains strong: findings from the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) study
Authors: Hoffman Martin D. , White Matthew D. 
Published: June 2019

In the past, ultramarathon runners have commonly believed that consuming sodium supplements, as capsules or tablets, will prevent exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), dehydration, muscle cramping, and nausea, but accumulating evidence indicates that sodium supplementation during ultramarathons is not necessary and may be potentially dangerous. In this work, beliefs about whether sodium supplements should be made available at ultramarathons were assessed during 2018 among 1152 participants of the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) study, of which 85.2% had completed an ultramarathon during 2014–2018. Two-thirds (66.4%) of study participants indicated that sodium supplements should be made available at ultramarathons, supported by beliefs that they prevent EAH (65.5%) and muscle cramping (59.1%). Of those indicating that sodium supplements should not be made available, 85.0% indicated it is because runners can provide their own, 27.9% indicated it is because they are not necessary, and 12.1% indicated they could increase thirst drive and cause overhydration. In general, there was a tendency for those who were older, less active in running ultramarathons in recent years, and with a longer history of ultramarathon running to be less likely to know that sodium supplements do not help prevent EAH, muscle cramping, and nausea. Novelty Ultramarathon runners continue to have misunderstandings about the need for sodium supplementation during ultramarathons. Few ultramarathon runners recognize that supplementing sodium intake beyond that in food and drink is generally not necessary during ultramarathons or that it could result in overhydration. Continued educational efforts are warranted to help ensure safe participation in the sport.
The influence of dietary corn distillers dried grains with solubles during gestation of sows on fatty acid composition of colostrum and offspring
Authors: Meng Qingwei , Wang Liansheng , Sun Shishuai , Shi Zhan , Su Binchao , Qu Zhe , Shi Baoming , Shan Anshan 
Published: June 2019

Thirty-six sows were randomly assigned to three treatments and fed 0, 125, or 250 g kg−1corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding DDGS to sows during gestation on the fatty acid composition of colostrum and offspring. In colostrum, feeding 0–250 g kg−1DDGS resulted in linear increase (P < 0.001) in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) level (from 14.7% to 19.8%) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level (from 16.9% to 22.8%), and linear decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1 cis-9), and total saturated fatty acid (SFA). In addition, the percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in colostrum was increased from 0.56% to 1.23% (linear effect, P < 0.001, and quadratic effect, P = 0.010) with increasing level of DDGS. Feeding DDGS to sows resulted in linear increase (P < 0.05) in levels of 18:2n-6 (from 13.9% to 20.4%), 20:4n-6 (from 0.53% to 0.73%), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, from 0.28% to 0.37%), and total PUFA (from 15.9% to 22.6%), and linear decrease (P < 0.001) in levels of 16:0 and SFA of carcass of newborn piglets. The results demonstrated that feeding 125 or 250 g kg−1corn DDGS to sows increased the proportions of 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and total PUFA and decreased the proportions of 16:0 and total SFA in sow colostrum and the carcasses of newborn piglets, implying that inclusion of corn DDGS in diets for sows can alter fatty composition of colostrum and piglets.
The field equations in a three-dimensional commutative space
Authors: Chen Mu Yi , Nyeo Su-Long 
Published: June 2019

The field equations in a three-dimensional commutative space based on a set of commutation relations are derived. In this space, the commutation relation of the position and kinematic momentum of a particle is generalized to include a metric tensor field in addition to a vector field. The introduction of a metric tensor is a generalization of the commutation relation for Feynman’s proof of the Maxwell equations. In this paper, as the equations of motion and the field equations are classical, the Poisson bracket and not the commutation relation is used in the calculations. As the commutative space is defined by the Poisson bracket, the equations of motion for the particle and the field equations for the metric tensor and vector are derived from the Poisson bracket in Hamiltonian mechanics. The Helmholtz conditions, which express the existence of a Lagrangian for a particle in the space, are also derived from the Poisson bracket. Then the field equations are calculated explicitly by two approaches. One is to calculate the Helmholtz conditions using the equations of motion. The other is to calculate the Jacobi identity for the kinematic momentum or velocity of the particle. In addition to the homogeneous Maxwell equations, the generalized field equations are obtained to define the generalized electric and magnetic fields of the tensor field. Just like the usual electric and magnetic fields, the generalized fields are invariant under a local gauge transformation and should play significant roles in physics. Finally, the homogeneous Maxwell equations of the vector field are seen to exhibit similarities with the generalized field equations for the tensor field. This similarity provides a useful theoretical framework for constructing gravitoelectromagnetism, which is based on analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation. It remains to establish the usefulness of the theoretical framework with applications of the field equations.