bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America
Authors: Chen Xin , Millet Dylan B. , Singh Hanwant B. , Wisthaler Armin , Apel Eric C. , Atlas Elliot L. , Blake Donald R. , Bourgeois Ilann , Brown Steven S. , Crounse John D. , de Gouw Joost A. , Flocke Frank M. , Fried Alan , Heikes Brian G. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Mikoviny Tomas , Min Kyung-Eun , Müller Markus , Neuman J. Andrew , O'Sullivan Daniel W. , Peischl Jeff , Pfister Gabriele G. , Richter Dirk , Roberts James M. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Shertz Stephen R. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Treadaway Victoria , Veres Patrick R. , Walega James , Warneke Carsten , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Weibring Petter , Yuan Bin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We apply a high-resolution chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) with
updated treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a comprehensive
suite of airborne datasets over North America to (i) characterize the VOC
budget and (ii) test the ability of current models to capture the
distribution and reactivity of atmospheric VOCs over this region. Biogenic
emissions dominate the North American VOC budget in the model, accounting
for 70 % and 95 % of annually emitted VOC carbon and reactivity,
respectively. Based on current inventories anthropogenic emissions have
declined to the point where biogenic emissions are the dominant summertime
source of VOC reactivity even in most major North American cities. Methane
oxidation is a 2× larger source of nonmethane VOCs (via production
of formaldehyde and methyl hydroperoxide) over North America in the model
than are anthropogenic emissions. However, anthropogenic VOCs account for
over half of the ambient VOC loading over the majority of the region owing to
their longer aggregate lifetime. Fires can be a significant VOC source
episodically but are small on average. In the planetary boundary layer
(PBL), the model exhibits skill in capturing observed variability in total
VOC abundance (R2=0.36) and reactivity (R2=0.54). The same is
not true in the free troposphere (FT), where skill is low and there is a
persistent low model bias (∼ 60 %), with most (27 of 34)
model VOCs underestimated by more than a factor of 2. A comparison of PBL : FT
concentration ratios over the southeastern US points to a misrepresentation
of PBL ventilation as a contributor to these model FT biases. We also find
that a relatively small number of VOCs (acetone, methanol, ethane,
acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, isoprene + oxidation products, methyl
hydroperoxide) drive a large fraction of total ambient VOC reactivity and
associated model biases; research to improve understanding of their budgets
is thus warranted. A source tracer analysis suggests a current overestimate
of biogenic sources for hydroxyacetone, methyl ethyl ketone and glyoxal, an
underestimate of biogenic formic acid sources, and an underestimate of
peroxyacetic acid production across biogenic and anthropogenic precursors.
Future work to improve model representations of vertical transport and to
address the VOC biases discussed are needed to advance predictions of ozone
and SOA formation.
“Populism” versus “Popular”
Authors: Demirel-Pegg Tijen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article discusses two main issues Ziarek highlights regarding populist social movements. The first one is the exclusionary stance populist movements take when contending for power in a democratic society. The second one is the repressive response to contenders when populist movements are in power. The underlying characteristic in both issues is that populists movements assume an anti-pluralist stance against other contending alternatives. Therefore, the distinction between “popular” and “populist” is an important one.
Response to Allen Dunn’s “Ethics, Identity, and Political Mediation in Right-Wing American Populism”
Authors: Bradley M. Todd 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Allen Dunn’s article is based on American right-wing populist groups that feel undermined and alienated. Right-wing populist groups feel a sense of abandonment and that their real (or perceived) demands are not being addressed by the government. Dunn’s article could have advanced this conversation by addressing questions such as these: How does a federalist democracy like the United States reconcile opposition voices (or ideological-minority voices)? Likewise, who defines liberty, oppression, and subversion or fairness in society? And since all populist (left- and right-wing) groups tend to be anti-pluralist, how can political mediation in American-style democracy exist?
الصور الذهنية لمهنة المكتبات والمؤسسات المعلوماتية ومستقبلها
Authors: القبلان نجاح قبلان 
Published: July 2019

إن مواجهة التحديات التي تواجهه المكتبات ومؤسسات المعلومات والتطلع لريادة تطوير هذه المهنة ضمن
التقدم الهائل للتقنية وحركة العولمة الشاملة لكل شيء في الحياة والمنافسة في مجال إدارة الأعمال والاقتصاد
لابد ان ينطلق من الصورة الذهنية الاجتماعية بداية لهذه المهنة؛ حيثُ تمثل الصورة الذهنية مجموعه المعارف
والأفكار و المعتقدات التي تتكون في اذهان الناس عن ماضي هذه المؤسسات المعلوماتية و حاضرها و
مستقبلها ودورها العلمي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي ويمكن السياسي أيضاً ... وسواء تكونت هذه الصورة من
التجربة المباشرة أو غير المباشرة؛ وسواء كانت عقلانية تعتمد على الأدلة والوثائق أو أنها صور غير رشيدة
تقوم على الإشاعات والأقوال غير الموثقة. لكنها في النهاية تمثل واقعاً صادقاً بالنسبة لمن يحملونها في
رؤوسهم ولن تتطور هذه المؤسسات مالم تصحح تلك الصور في ذهان المجتمع لتعزيز مكانتها المهنة ودعم
مسارات تعليمها وانتاجها وخدمات مؤسساتها. وعليه يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن الصورة الذهنية
لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات من خلال دراسة منهجية تحاول المساهمة في التعرف على كيف يرى المجتمع
هذه المهنة، وبناء على نتائج الدراسة تم اقتراح توصيات يأمل أن تعزز من الفهم الحقيقي لمهنة المكتبات
والمعلومات؛ وتسهم في وضع خطط واقعية لتطوير المؤسسات التعليمية والمؤسسات الخدمية وكذلك
الجمعيات العلمية لترفع من الانطباعات الذاتية للأفراد والجماعات لتتوافق مع الطموح الحالي والمستقبلي
لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات والقائمين على تطويرها.
والتزود بالمهارات والخبرات الضرورية وخاصة في الفهرسة والتصنيف بما تؤهلهم من القيام بعمل الدورات
التدريبية، والتدرب على برامج نظم وتقنية المعلومات ومهارات الحاسب الالي وإدارة قواعد البيانات الالكترونية
عبر الانترنت، والمشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي للتسويق بالمهنة وخاصة الفهرسة من خلال
إنشاء صفحات على الفيس بوك خاصة بالفهرسة، بالإضافة الى إنشاء المدونات الالكترونية.
واقع استخدام استراتيجيات البحث
من قبل PubMed في قاعدة بيانات
أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية عمان
الطبية بصحار وأثر التدريب على دقة
الاسترجاع
Authors: كلو صباح محمد , المعمري محمد بن مبارك بن محمد 
Published: July 2019

المقدمة يعد مجال الطب من المجالات التي تحظى باهتمام فكري عالمي واسع ينتج كما هائلا من المعلومات
الطبية المتجددة، ولاشك أن ذلك ما يجعل من الباحث يواجه صعوبات في البحث و الوصول إلى كل ما له
صلة بموضوع بحثه. ومن هنا تبرز الحاجة إلى معرفة المستفيد بخصائص قواعد البيانات الطبية اعتماد
عدد من استراتيجيات البحث التي يتطلب منه استخدامها للحصول على المعلومات التي تلائم موضوع
بحثه.
ولعل ابرز الصعوبات التي يوجهها الباحث في بناء استراتيجيات بحث مناسبة تكمن في تعدد وجهات
النظر والمعالجات الموضوعية والشكلية المتعلقة بموضوع معين, كالتشخيص والتأثير الدوائي
والإحصاءات وغيرها من الجوانب الاخرى, إضافة إلى صعوبة تحديد المصطلح العلمي الذي يُلائم موضوع
بحثه مما يتطلب من الباحث مهارة وخبرة جيدة في صياغة استراتيجيات بحثة مع الاستعانة بقوائم رؤوس
موضوعات ذات الصلة بالموضوع.
وتعد قاعدة بيانات
إمكانات الوصول الى العديد من المصادر المتنوعة في مجالات الطب والعلوم الصحية، فضلا عن ارتباطها
التي يساعد استخدامها تحديد المصطلح العلمي الذي يُلائم )MeSH( بقائمة رؤوس الموضوعات الطبية
موضوع الباحث وتمكن الباحث ايضا من تضييق مجال بحثه من خلال توفيرها إمكانات الربط البولياني
بين المصطلحات الرئيسية, واستخدام التفريعات المناسبة لكل رأس موضوع, ومن خلالها يمكن صياغة
استراتيجية البحث المناسبة لموضوع البحث الذي يمثل حاجة المستفيد.
Acute exacerbation of brochial asthma: evaluation and management in an emergency department
Authors: Abu Rish K. , Mousa A. H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two hundred patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) with signs and symptoms of acute asthma and requiring emergency management were studied to determine their response to repeated nebulization with B-2 agonist. This was effective in 83% while a further 14% needed the addition of intravenous hydrocortisone. The remaining 3% did not improve and were admitted.
We concluded that the assessment of the severity of asthma is easy for a primary care doctor and that B-2 agonist nebulization is an effective, safe and easily applied method of treatment.
Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in eye department in khmc
Authors: Mubaidein M.Y. , Abulaban W.Y. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the indications for corneal grafting at (KHMC) during the past four years.
The study includes a review of 282 eyes that had undergone penetrating keratoplasty from January 1993 till December 1996. The age range was from 6 to 75 years and the female to male ratio was 1:1.15.
The study revealed that the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in respective order were; keratoconus, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, rejected graft, corneal dystrophies, and corneal opacities.
It was found that keratoconus is the commonest indication for penetrating keratoplasty at KHMC, 73% of which were accompanied with vernal cattarh. Vernal catarrh poses a major challenge to ophthalmologists in the Middle East because it is common, has no satisfactory treatment, and leads to poor vision. Bullous keratopathy is the second commonest cause for penetrating keratoplasty.
Post-traumatic bone infection
Authors: Mousa H. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A prospective study was carried out to demonstrate the bacteriology of post-traumatic bone infections with particular attention to the role of anaerobic microorganisms. Compound fracture was found to be the most common predisposing factor for infection. Seventy-seven patients were studied and a total of 155 organisms was recovered (117 aerobes and 38 anaerobes). The most frequently isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. Bacteroides spp and Peptostreptococcus spp were the most common anaerobes isolated from 29 patients (37.7%). In five patients, anaerobes were the only organisms isolated (6.5% of total cases). It is concluded from this study that anaerobic bacteria play a role in post-traumatic osteomyelitis and routine anaerobic culture for all cases is recommended.
Pulmonary epitheliod hemangioendohelioma (IVBAT)
Authors: Habahbeh N. , Hadad F. , Tahboub I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A report of a 55-year-old white Jordanian female, who presented in March 1990 with a dry cough and progressive shortness of breath of two years duration.
The chest X-ray showed bilateral, multliple and widespread nodular lesions which was confirmed by a chest CT scan.
Diagnosis was proved by an open lung biopsy and special immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII to be Epilthelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the lung. (Intravascular, bronchiolar and alveolar tumor).
We think that this is the first case that has dust exposure? and has been reported in Jordan.
Thymectomy for yasthenia gravis
Authors: Al Yamani M. A. , Fraiwan N. , Njada A. H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A series is presented of 30 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) who were treated by sternal split and extended thymectomy. The mean age was 22 years, median 19 years with a female to male ratio of 2:1. The overall improvement rate was 90%; 70% achieved drug-free remission and another 20% required decreased medication. Drug-free remission was achieved in 80% female and in 50% male and in 50% on steriods and mestinon compared with 80% of those on mestinon alone. There were no deaths or significant complications. These results suggest that an aggressive surgical approach to myasthenia gravis can result in a higher percentage of drug-free remissions.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Qatar
Authors: Al Emadi M. I. , Abdalla M. F. M. , Al Fakki A. , Tabib A. , Abdulrahman H. 
Published: July 2019

This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding as a means of treatment of morbid obesity in Qatar.
Methods: Seventy-one patients (59 females; mean age 32 years, range 18 to 60) underwent laparoscopic adjust-able gastric banding for morbid obesity. Their mean weight was 134.6 Kg (range 90 to 200) and mean preoperative body mass index was 49.8 Kg/m2 (range 36.5 to 70).
Results: All patients were followed-up for a mean du-ration of 8.6 months (average 1 to 27). The mean excess weight loss was 27% (range 0 to 84). The operation time showed a marked reduction with a mean duration of 149 minutes in the first ten cases reaching to a mean of 81 minutes in the last ten cases. The commonest early com-plication was chest infection seen in 3 patients (4.1%). Late complications were seen in 5 cases (6.9%) most commonly related to swallowing. One case developed band infection severe enough to necessitate removal of the band. There was no operative related mortality.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is relatively an effective means for control of morbid obe-sity with a low rate of complications.
The Value of One Year Post-Operative Colonoscopy in the Surveillance of Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Abu Nada M. , Johnson D. R. E. , Buie W. D. , Heine J. A. , Jenken D. A. 
Published: July 2019

Intensive follow-up of cancer of the colon and rectumincludes colonoscopy 1 year after curative resection and is the current practice in Calgary. There is much debate in the literature as to the value of this intensive follow-up,including 2 prospective randomized controlled trials showing no benefit. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of 1-year follow-up colonoscopy by documenting the findings at the time of the procedure. One hundred and four (104) charts were randomly selected and reviewed. All had undergone peri-operative colonoscopy, resection for curative intent and follow-up colonoscopy approximately 1 year post-op. There were 16 (15%) abnormal findings at the time of follow-up colonoscopy. In 10, the colon had notbeen “cleared” peri-operatively and the polyps identified were anticipated and removed. In 6 (6%) there were newfindings not previously documented: 3 hyperplastic polyps; 2 small ( < 0.75 cm) adenomatous polyps and 1 anastomotic recurrence of a rectal cancer. The recurrent cancer was within reach of a rigid sigmoidoscope and the polyps can be considered not clinically significant. This review of our experience with surveillance colonoscopy 1 year after curative resection for cancer of the colon and rectum supports the previously published data from 2 randomized controlled trials showing no benefit.
Causes of Blindness Among Children at Al Noor Institute for the Visually Handicapped in Qatar
Authors: Al Mansouri F. , Al Laftah F. A. M. 
Published: July 2019

Using the World Health Organization (WHO) visual acuity classification protocol, a national simple descrip-tive study for determination of the causes and severity of sight loss amongst 90 children studying in Al Noor Insti-tute for blinds in Qatar was done between September 2001-September 2002. Of 90 patients with complete ophthalmic examinations, 65 (72%) of them had an inherited or con-genital cause and only 25(28%) had an acquired cause. The main causes were bilateral congenital microphthalmia, Homocystinuria with lens subluxation or dislocations, ac-quired retinal disease such as Retinopathy of prematurity. Congenital cataract, retinitis Pigmentosa, Optic atrophy and congenital Glaucoma in descending order.
Conclusion: The principal causes of blindness amongst children in Qatar were inherited and/or congenital, most probably due to consanguineous marriages. The outline for childhood blindness is similar in Arab gulf countries in comparison to distant countries such as India, Czech Re-
Hydrocephalus in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Anazi A. R. , Nasser M. J. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Hydrocephalus is a common condition seen in the neurosurgical practice that usually requires insertion of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt. It is commonly seen in our country for possible several reasons; some of them are the prohibition of abortion and increased consanguinity marriages. In this study, the authors retrospectively analyzed 124 hydrocephalic patients operated upon at our institute for three years period. Our aim is to verify the extent of the problem in our community, addressed some facts and to improve our services.
Methods: Between January 1999 and December 2001, 124 patients with hydrocephalus underwent CSF shunt operations (insertions and revisions) at King Fahd Hospital of the University were retrospectively analyzed to assess the etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome.
Results: In this study, 124patients were analyzed. 244 operations were performed. 96patients (72.4%) had congenital hydrocephalus, 24 patients (20%) had associated cranial anomalies, 32 patients (25%), their parents were relatives. 70 patients (56%) had noticeable mental retardation. Shunt malfunction reported in 71 patients (57%) and the infection rate was 8% (10 patients).
Conclusion: The higher incidence of hydrocephalus between Saudi population possibly due to consanguinity marriages and prohibition of abortion. Premarital counseling and people orientation about this problem might help to reduce the number of cases. Shunt infection and malfunction are still the main complications of shunting. There is possibility of reducing the complication's rate if a special protocol is advocated and strictly followed.
Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure Associated with Salmonella Food Poisoning
Authors: Al Ani A.M. , Mudather M. , Asim M. 
Published: July 2019

A young man with Salmonella food poisoning developed rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute renal failure. This is an uncommon but potentially fatal extra-intestinal manifestation of Salmonellosis. He responded to alkaline diuresis and antibiotic therapy and made a complete recovery.
A discussion of the case, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in myoglobinuric renal failure and the management is presented.
Non-Surgical Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot
Authors: Al Ibraheem F. , Odat M. M. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To evaluate how effective was the conserva-tive treatment in managing congenital talipes equinovarus deformity.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 25 children treated with manipulation, casting followed by percutane-ous tenotomy at the age of thee months with casting till age of walking with a follow-up between 2-5 years 25 pa-tients 18 males 7females M\F (2.6-1), 19 bilateral (15 My 4 F), 6 unilateral (3 M, 3 F) total of 44 feet.
Result: The first three months offer the skilled and knowledgeable surgeon a golden opportunity to correct the deformity by manipulation and casting. Proper manipula-tive techniques followed by the applications of well-molded plaster casts offer the best and safest correction of most clubfeet in infants. Failures of manipulative treatment usually occur when the surgeon lacks a thorough knowledge of the kinematics and pathological anatomy of the deformity.
Conclusion: CTEV can be treated by manipulation, casting and ETA in about 70% of cases with good results if managed early and by skilled orthopedic surgeon. Some feet are unpredictable and in spite of the severity of the deformity, respond well to conservative treatment.
The use of TNF Blockers in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
Authors: Al Emadi S. , Sarakbi H. , Hammodeh M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The currently available TNF blocking agents include ifliximab, etanercept and adalimumab. They are approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis in the United States and Europe. Also TNF blockers are used currently in other rheumatic and non-rheumatic disease.
Objective: Primary objective: To evaluate our practice of using TNF blockers in the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar, to evaluate the response rate to TNF blockers, and the rate of switching from one TNF blockers to another.
Secondary objective: to assess rate of serious infection and TB.
Methods: The study involved a retrospective chart review of 82 patients in rheumatology outpatient clinic since the introduction of TNF-Blockers at Hamad Medical Corporation in 2002 till December of2005.
Results: Twenty two patients out of 82 received Infliximab (26.8%), 51 patients received etanercept (62.1%) and 22 patients received adalimumab (26.8%) including switchers and non switchers. Response rate was 82% to initial TNF blocker in RA, and almost 100% in Psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Reason of switching was either due to no response or side effects. No significant serious adverse events in our cohort and no TB reactivation.
Conclusion: Our data are comparable with the international guidelines; regarding the use of TNF blockers in rheumatic disease.also they reflect the daily practice in the rheumatology outpatient clinic in Qatar.
Misoprostol use in medical evacuation of spontaneous miscarriage: Pilot drug use evaluation study at the Women's Hospital in Qatar
Authors: ElSalem Samah A. , AlSaad Doua T. , Abdulrouf Palli V. , Ahmed Afif A. , AlHail Moza S. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 that induces cervical effacement and uterine contractions at all gestational ages, thus facilitating uterine evacuation and pregnancy termination. Successful medical evacuation of spontaneous miscarriage with minimal adverse effects can be performed using misoprostol-only regimen if given as indicated and if the administered dose, frequency of the dosage, and number of total doses are appropriate. Aim: To conduct a drug use evaluation by investigating indications, appropriateness of dosing, and clinical outcome of misoprostol-only regimen when used for medical evacuation of spontaneous miscarriage at the Women's Hospital in Doha, Qatar. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive drug use evaluation was conducted on women with spontaneous miscarriage who received misoprostol for medical evacuation during August 2013. The current practice at the Women's Hospital was compared with the recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients were stratified into three groups based on weeks of amenorrhea. Results: A total of 107 patients received misoprostol during August 2013, of which 33 (31%) were included in the study. In these patients, the main indication for misoprostol use was missed miscarriage (54.5%). In the group of patients at ≤ 9 weeks of gestation, 80% received an initial dose of 800 μg, 80% received frequency within the WHO recommendation, and the majority had surgical evacuation (80%). In the group of patients at 10–12 weeks of gestation, more than 80% received an initial dose of 800 μg, 6% received frequency within the WHO recommendation, and more than 75% had successful medical evacuation. In the group of patients at 13–22 weeks of gestation, more than 80% received an initial dose of 400 μg, more than 80% received frequency within the WHO recommendation, and 54% had successful medical evacuation. Overall, more than 70% of the patients received ≤ 3 total doses of misoprostol and more than 60% had successful medical evacuation as a clinical outcome. Conclusions: Despite the current practice at the Women's Hospital not always being in accordance with the WHO recommendation, successful medical evacuation was achieved in most patients.