bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhances growth performance in Qingyuan partridge chicken by up‐regulating the mRNA expression of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5
Authors: Yin Fuquan , Lan Ruixia , Wu Zhengmin , Wang Zhijing , Wu Haohao , Li Zhiming , Yu Hui , Zhao Zhihui , Li Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ban on the use of antibiotic in feed encouraged nutritionists to using alternatives to maintain growth performance and intestinal function of broilers. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides (YP) supplementation on growth performance and expression of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 in Qingyuan partridge chicken. Experiment 1: a total of 540 chickens were randomly allocated to five groups with six replication. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON (control group), basal diet; (2) T1, CON + 0.5 g kg−1 YP; (3) T2, CON + 1 g kg−1 YP; (4) T3, CON + 2 g kg−1 YP; (5) T4, CON + 4 g kg−1 YP. Experiment 2, a total of 162 were randomly allocated to three groups with three replication. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) T1, CON + 0.5 g kg−1 YP; (3) T2, CON + 1 g kg−1 YP. From days 1 to 14 and overall, chicken fed T1 diet had higher ADG. On day 42, there was increased villus height of jejunum in T1 group. On days 14 and 28, there was decreased villus height of duodenum and jejunum in T2 group. In duodenum, the expression of SGLT1 (days 21, 35 and 42), GLUT2 (days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42) and GLUT5 (days 7, 14, 21 and 28) was increased with YP supplementation. In jejunum, the expression of SGLT1 (days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35), GLUT2 (days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42) and GLUT5 (days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42) was increased with YP supplementation. In ileum, the expression of SGLT1 (days 7, 21, 35 and 42), GLUT2 (days 7, 14, 21 and 42) and GLUT5 (days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42) was increased with YP supplementation. Dietary YP supplementation improves growth performance and expression of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 in intestine.
Defects in intervertebral disc and spine during development, degeneration, and pain: New research directions for disc regeneration and therapy
Authors: Mohanty Sarthak , Dahia Chitra L. 
Published: April 2019

Intervertebral discs are cartilaginous joints present between vertebrae. The centers of the intervertebral discs consist of a gelatinous nucleus pulposus derived from the embryonic notochord. With age or injury, intervertebral discs may degenerate, causing neurological symptoms including back pain, which affects millions of people worldwide. Back pain is a multifactorial disorder, and disc degeneration is one of the primary contributing factors. Recent studies in mice have identified the key molecules involved in the formation of intervertebral discs. Several of these key molecules including sonic hedgehog and Brachyury are not only expressed by notochord during development, but are also expressed by neonatal mouse nucleus pulposus cells, and are crucial for postnatal disc maintenance. These findings suggest that intrinsic signals in each disc may maintain the nucleus pulposus microenvironment. However, since expression of these developmental signals declines with age and degeneration, disc degeneration may be related to the loss of these intrinsic signals. In addition, findings from mouse and other mammalian models have identified similarities between the patterning capabilities of the embryonic notochord and young nucleus pulposus cells, suggesting that mouse is a suitable model system to understand disc development and aging. Future research aimed at understanding the upstream regulators of these developmental signals and the modes by which they regulate disc growth and maintenance will likely provide mechanistic insights into disc growth and aging. Further, such findings will likely provide insights relevant to the development of effective therapies for treatment of back pain and reversing the disc degenerative process.This article is categorized under:

Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Aging
A novel nonlinear observer‐based LQ control system design for wind energy conversion systems with single measurement
Authors: Vu Van‐Phong , Do Ton Duc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe issue of tracking the optimal power for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) via regulating the rotor speed of the generator is taken into account in this study. Additionally, a novel polynomial observer is proposed for estimating not only aerodynamic torque in WECSs but also d‐axis and electromagnetic torque. Therefore, in this new approach, only the rotor speed of the generator is required to be measured instead of measuring all state variables. With the new observer form, the aerodynamic torque does not need to satisfy any constraints, which are mandatory in the previous methods. It should be noted that this methodology has not been investigated for the WECSs in any previous papers. To design a complete control system, a linear optimal control method cooperated with the polynomial observer is employed to track the optimal trajectory of a generator. Moreover, in this paper, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is used. In addition, on the basis of the Lyapunov theory and sum‐of‐square (SOS) technique, the conditions for observer synthesis are derived in the main theorems. Finally, the simulation results are provided to prove the effectiveness and merit of the proposed method.
Positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies
Authors: Zalesny Ronald S. , Berndes Göran , Dimitriou Ioannis , Fritsche Uwe , Miller Constance , Eisenbies Mark , Ghezehei Solomon , Hazel Dennis , Headlee William L. , Mola‐Yudego Blas , Negri M. Cristina , Nichols Elizabeth Guthrie , Quinn John , Shifflett Shawn Dayson , Therasme Obste , Volk Timothy A. , Zumpf Colleen R. 
Published: April 2019

The production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) such as poplars and willows is a promising component of global bioenergy and phytotechnology portfolios. In addition to the provision of biomass feedstocks and pollution remediation, these trees and shrubs have been sustainably grown to conserve or utilize water in a variety of applications. Growing these woody plants for multiple uses supports many of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG6) and Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG7). As a result, focusing on ecosystem services such as freshwater and biomass has become an important aspect of deploying these production systems across variable landscapes. The current review consists of an introduction of ecosystem services and the SDGs, as well as SRWCs and their applications. The middle section of the review contains case studies highlighting the positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies. The review concludes with a section that combines the common themes that are consistent among the case studies to address options for integrating new bioenergy feedstock production systems into rural and urban landscapes to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability.This article is categorized under:
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wolff Jennifer C. , Thompson Elizabeth , Thomas Sarah A. , Nesi Jacqueline , Bettis Alexandra H. , Ransford Briana , Scopelliti Katie , Frazier Elisabeth A. , Liu Richard T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Over the past several years there has been considerable interest in the relation between emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), particularly given that rates of NSSI have been increasing and NSSI is a critical risk factor for suicidal behavior. To date, however, no synthesis of empirical findings exists.Methods:The present study presents a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the literature on the association between NSSI and emotion dysregulation. A total of 48 publications, including 49 independent samples, were included in this analysis.Results:Overall, a significant association was found between emotion dysregulation and NSSI (pooled OR = 3.03 [95% CI = 2.56–3.59]). This association was reduced but remained significant (OR = 2.40 [95% CI = 2.01–2.86]) after adjustment for publication bias. Emotion dysregulation subscales most strongly associated with NSSI included limited access to regulation strategies, non-acceptance of emotional responses, impulse control difficulties, and difficulties engaging goal-directed behavior. Lack of emotional awareness/clarity and cognitive aspects of dysregulation yielded weaker, yet significant, positive associations with NSSI.Conclusions:Findings support the notion that greater emotion dysregulation is associated with higher risk for NSSI among individuals across settings, regardless of age or sex. Furthermore, findings reveal facets of dysregulation that may have unique implications for NSSI. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of better understanding emotion dysregulation as a treatment target for preventing NSSI.
Search and Rescue and Remote Medical Evacuation in a Norwegian Setting: Comparison of Two Systems
Authors: Reid Bjørn O. , Haugland Helge , Rehn Marius , Uleberg Oddvar , Krüger Andreas J. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) contribute to and complement other specialized search and rescue (SAR) services. Conversely, traditional SAR services perform medical evacuation (medevac), depending on crew, training, medical equipment, and procedures for interdisciplinary cooperation. We aim to describe and compare SAR and remote medevac mission characteristics in a military SAR helicopter system to a civilian HEMS operating in the same region. Methods Retrospective, observational study of SAR and remote medevac missions performed at a Norwegian military SAR helicopter and civilian HEMS base in the 5-y period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. Descriptive statistics and median values with interquartile range (IQR) were applied where appropriate. Comparisons were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results We included 721 missions. The SAR service performed 359 (50%) missions, of which 237 (33%) were SAR and 122 (17%) were remote medevac missions. The HEMS service performed 85 (12%) SAR and 277 (38%) remote medevac missions. Median mission time for SAR missions was 152 (IQR 100–235) min for the SAR service and 57 (IQR 34–89) min for the HEMS service. Trauma was the dominating mechanism in 48% of patients, followed by medical conditions (21%) and psychiatric disorders (9%). Medevac patients in both services had a higher median National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics score of 3 (IQR 2–4) compared to 1 (IQR 0–3) in SAR missions ( P<0.05). Conclusions Both SAR and HEMS services perform SAR and remote medevac missions extensively and mission profiles vary.
Female labor force participation and fertility differentials
Authors: Japaridze Irakli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUS women, on average, had approximately two children in both the 1930s and in the 1970s, yet the fertility distribution in the 1930s was less concentrated. This implies change in reproductive behavior, which cannot be captured by models focusing on average fertility. To explain these changes, I have developed a model that makes a distinction between sons and daughters. In this model, the female labor force participation rate is the probability of each girl becoming an employed woman. This endogenizes the empirically observed difference in the propensity for an all-girl household to have another child compared to an all-boy household, generating large fertility differentials at low participation rates. Higher participation rates raise the expected return from an additional child, as well as the expected return from existing daughters. The first effect tends to increase fertility, while the second effect, for relatively concave utility functions, tends to decrease it, so that the distribution of completed fertilities becomes more concentrated.
Labor market insecurity among the middle class: a cross-pressured group
Authors: Schwander Hanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe political relevance of labor market insecurity has been questioned because (a) insider-outsider divides were considered to be a divide within the low-skilled and politically less active working class and (b) labor market insecurity runs through the middle of the household. Outsiders might therefore align their preferences with those of insiders. This contribution provides, first, evidence that labor market insecurity extends well into the higher-skilled middle class, in particular to high-skilled young adults and high-skilled women. Second, the contribution sheds light on the “household question”, that is the question whether mixed households dampen the political relevance of labor market insecurity. If labor market insecurity is concentrated in specific social groups (young adults, women) that tend to cohabit with secure insiders, the political relevance of labor market insecurity might depend on whether or not outsiders align their preferences with those of the household. In this contribution, I discuss recent work on the relevance of the household in translating labor market divides into preferences divides presenting recent work that shows that the household does not render insider-outsider divides politically irrelevant. In sum, insider-outsider divides have all the potential to become politically relevant.
The associations between cognitive ability and L2 development under five different instructional conditions
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Ellis Rod , Zhu Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examines the effects of two cognitive abilities—language analytic ability (LAA) and working memory (WM)—on language learning under five different instructional conditions. One hundred fifty eighth-grade English as a foreign language learners underwent a 2-hr treatment session. They were divided into five groups based on whether and when they received form-focused instruction. One group received pretask instruction on the linguistic target (English passive voice) before performing two narrative tasks; a second group received within-task feedback but no pretask instruction; a third group received both pretask instruction and within-task feedback; a fourth group received feedback after completing the tasks; and the fifth group only performed the tasks. The results showed that (a) LAA was predictive of the posttest scores of the group that only performed the communicative tasks and the group who received posttask feedback, (b) WM was associated with the learning outcomes of the two groups receiving within-task feedback, and (c) neither cognitive variable was implicated in the group that received pretask instruction before performing the tasks. The results suggest that the impact of LAA is evident when there is less external assistance and that WM is involved when learners face the heavy processing burden imposed by within-task feedback.
Control of seed coat rupture by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Barros-Galvão Thiago , Vaistij Fabián E. , Graham Ian A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, seed germination is a biphasic process involving rupture of the seed coat followed by emergence of the radicle through the micropylar endosperm. Embryo expansion results in seed coat rupture and removal of seed coat imposed dormancy with DELLA proteins blocking embryo expansion in the absence of gibberellins. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment does not block seed coat rupture but does block radicle emergence. We used this limited effect of exogenous ABA to further investigate the mechanism by which it blocks the onset of germination marked by seed coat rupture. We show that physical nicking of the seed coat results in exogenous ABA treatment blocking both seed coat and endosperm rupture and this block requires the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, but not ABI4. Furthermore, we show that the repression of expression of severalEXPANSINgenes (EXPA1,EXPA2,EXPA3,EXPA9andEXPA20) by exogenous ABA requires ABI5. We conclude that ABI5 plays an important role in the ABA-mediated repression of germination through prevention of seed coat rupture and propose that this involves EXPANSIN related control of cell wall loosening.
Estimating non-market environmental values for grassland protection in inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Bao , Bennett Jeff , Qiao Guanghua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe non-market values of changes in grassland management stimulated by changes in policies were estimated by choice modeling. Four-hundred twenty-seven residents of Hohhot city in Inner Mongolia were selected using the popular mobile phone application WeChat. Conditional logit (CL) and random parameter logit (RPL) models were estimated to analyze the preference of respondents for environmental and social attributes. Based on the preferred RPL model, the average per household willingness to pay over 10 years for the best policy outcome scenarios was estimated to be CNY892 (US$141). The total willingness to pay for this policy change, extrapolated to the population of Hohhot, was CNY208 million (US$33 million). The findings suggest that environmental and social outcomes are valuable to Chinese residents of a regional urban center. Such values should be viewed as a public financial base for market-based mechanisms for grassland protection both in China and internationally. WeChat proved to be convenient but required the application of extrapolation caveats relating to sample representation.
Delivering a culturally adapted therapy for Muslim clients with depression
Authors: Mir Ghazala , Ghani Ruqayyah , Meer Shaista , Hussain Gul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInequalities in mental health treatment access and outcomes for minority ethnic and religious groups in the UK have been recognized for more than a decade; however, work to address these at an operational level is still emerging. In recognition of the need for culturally adapted therapies, researchers at the University of Leeds developed and piloted an adapted therapy for Muslim clients, based on behavioural activation (BA), an existing evidence-based psychosocial treatment for depression. Therapists and supervisors at Touchstone, Leeds have been trained to deliver the culturally adapted approach, which supports Muslim clients who choose to use ‘positive religious coping’ as a resource for health. This paper describes the key elements of the intervention and how it is being delivered in practice to increase service uptake and recovery in Muslim communities.
Spatial and Interannual Variability in Distributions and Cycling of Summer Biogenic Sulfur in the Bering Sea
Authors: Li Cheng‐Xuan , Wang Bao‐Dong , Wang Zi‐Cheng , Li Jiang , Yang Gui‐Peng , Chen Jian‐Fang , Lin Li‐Na , Lyu Yang , Guo Fu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the Bering Sea, summer dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd and DMSPp) exhibited substantial spatial and interannual variations during 2012–2016, encompassing both cold (2012) and warm (2014 and 2016) temperature regimes. Summer average chlorophyll a, DMS, and DMSPd concentrations in the upper water increased significantly, paralleling a 1.6 °C increase in seawater temperature. High DMS/DMSPp regions in the upper 50 m at 177°E–175°W extended both north‐eastward and south‐westward, which were associated with elevated phytoplankton biomass and concurrent proportion of dinoflagellates in phytoplankton community in warm years. Simultaneously, these patches spread vertically throughout the upper 200 m in warm years, which corresponded with rapid bacteria consumption and abundant small copepods at the 50–200‐m layer in 2014 and 2016. Starting from 4.88 μmol/(m2 day), summer average DMS fluxes increased sharply by threefold to fivefold in response to a warming of 2.8 °C in the surface water during 2012–2016.
Explicit IMF By‐Effect Maximizes at Subauroral Latitudes (Dedicated to the Memory of Eigil Friis‐Christensen)
Authors: Holappa L. , Gopalswamy N. , Mursula K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe most important parameter in the coupling between solar wind and geomagnetic activity is the Bz‐component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). However, recent studies have shown that IMF By is an additional, independent driver of geomagnetic activity. We use here local geomagnetic indices from a large network of magnetic stations to study how IMF By affects geomagnetic activity at different latitudes for all solar wind and, separately, during coronal mass ejections. We show that geomagnetic activity, for all solar wind, is 20% stronger for By > 0 than for By < 0 at subauroral latitudes of about 60° corrected geomagnetic latitude. During coronal mass ejections, the By‐effect is larger, about 40%, at slightly lower latitudes of about 57° (corrected geomagnetic) latitude. These results highlight the importance of the IMF By‐component for space weather at different latitudes and must be taken into account in space weather modeling.
Three‐Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California
Authors: Ajala Rasheed , Persaud Patricia , Stock Joann M. , Fuis Gary S. , Hole John A. , Goldman Mark , Scheirer Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Coachella Valley in the northern Salton Trough is known to produce destructive earthquakes, making it a high seismic hazard area. Knowledge of the seismic velocity structure and geometry of the sedimentary basins and fault zones is required to improve earthquake hazard estimates in this region. We simultaneously inverted first P wave travel times from the Southern California Seismic Network (39,998 local earthquakes) and explosions (251 land/sea shots) from the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project to obtain a 3‐D seismic velocity model. Earthquakes with focal depths ≤10 km were selected to focus on the upper crustal structure. Strong lateral velocity contrasts in the top ~3 km correlate well with the surface geology, including the low‐velocity (<5 km/s) sedimentary basin and the high‐velocity crystalline basement rocks outside the valley. Sediment thickness is ~4 km in the southeastern valley near the Salton Sea and decreases to <2 km at the northwestern end of the valley. Eastward thickening of sediments toward the San Andreas fault within the valley defines Coachella Valley basin asymmetry. In the Peninsular Ranges, zones of relatively high seismic velocities (~6.4 km/s) between 2‐ and 4‐km depth may be related to Late Cretaceous mylonite rocks or older inherited basement structures. Other high‐velocity domains exist in the model down to 9‐km depth and help define crustal heterogeneity. We identify a potential fault zone in Lost Horse Valley unassociated with mapped faults in Southern California from the combined interpretation of surface geology, seismicity, and lateral velocity changes in the model.