bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROFESSORES EFICIENTES: COMO GARANTIR MELHORES RESULTADOS COM A POLÍTICA DO BANCO MUNDIAL DE CONTROLE DOCENTE
Authors: Dantas Eriane de Araújo , Jesus Wellington Ferreira de 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo reflete sobre a visão do Banco Mundial (BM) acerca da valorização do magistério, mediante a análise do discurso, na perspectiva de Fairclough (2001), do documento Visão Geral do livro Professores excelentes: como melhorar a aprendizagem dos estudantes na América Latina e no Caribe. O BM visa estimular, na região, políticas para o aumento da eficiência docente e a melhoria dos resultados em exames nacionais e internacionais, sugerindo sistema de controle do comportamento docente, com reformas como a eliminação da estabilidade no emprego e remuneração baseada em resultados.
Palavras-chave: Valorização docente. Banco Mundial. Formação e remuneração de professores. Controle do comportamento docente.
Two Contact Problems for Annular Rigid Stamp on an Elastic Half Space
Authors: Bosakov S. V. 
Published: December 2018

The paper presents solutions of two contact problems for the annular plate die on an elastic half-space under the action of axisymmetrically applied force and moment. Such problems usually arise in the calculation of rigid foundations with the sole of the annular shape in chimneys, cooling towers, water towers and other high-rise buildings on the wind load and the load from its own weight. Both problems are formulated in the form of triple integral equations, which are reduced to one integral equation by the method of substitution. In the case of the axisymmetric problem, the kernel of the integral equation depends on the product of three Bessel functions. Using the formula to represent two Bessel functions in the form of a double row on the works of hypergeometric functions Bessel function, the problem reduces to a functional equation that connects the movement of the stamp with the unknown coefficients of the distribution of contact stresses. The resulting functional equation is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, which is solved by truncation. Under the action of a moment on the annular plate die, the distribution of contact stresses is searched as a series by the products of the Legendre attached functions with a weight corresponding to the features in the contact stresses at the die edges. Using the spectral G. Ya. Popov ratio for the ring plate, the problem is again reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, which is also solved by the truncation method. Two examples of calculations for an annular plate die on an elastic half-space on the action of axisymmetrically applied force and moment are given. A comparison of the results of calculations on the proposed approach with the results for the round stamp and for the annular stamp with the solutions of other authors is made.
Hydraulic Calculation of Copper Pipelines for Heating and Internal Gas Supply Systems
Authors: Rutkowski M. A. , Shybeka A. S. , Halynia K. I. 
Published: December 2018

Copper pipelines are widely used while designing modern heating systems, water and gas supply of residential buildings and these pipelines have a number of advantages in comparison with steel and plastic pipelines. The main reason for limited use of copper pipes is their cost which is practically twice as much as cost of steel pipes, and four times higher than the coat of polypropylene pipes. Modern design standards in Belarus do not contain specific requirements for calculation of copper pipelines. Therefore hydraulic calculation of heating systems has been considered and analyzed on the basis of norms of Russian Federation. The drawback of all theoretical calculations presented in Russian standards is their abstraction from general laws of fluid and gas mechanics. For this reason theoretical foundations of hydraulic calculations for all pipelines have been considered and expressions have been given for determination of pressure loss due to friction and in local loss. Main flow regimes have been considered on the basis of I. Nikuradze’s experiments in order to determine linear losses and dependences for determination of friction coefficient in laminar, transient and turbulent modes have been presented in the paper. Values of local loss coefficient for main pipeline elements are given for calculation of pressure loss and the paper also shows determination of value z with due account of equipment capacity. An analysis of nomograms presented in Russian norms and researches has been carried out; shortcomings have been revealed and the ways directed on their perfection have been found. Nomograms for calculation of specific pressure losses in heating systems and internal gas supply have been constructed on the basis of natural gas and propane with due account of dependences presented in the paper. Nomograms for finding equivalent length of a single local loss have been constructed for calculation of internal gas supply systems.
Redistribution of the Corneal Epithelium After Overnight Wear of Orthokeratology Contact Lenses for Myopia Reduction
Authors: Zhang Ju , Li Jing , Li Xiaofeng , Li Fengjie , Wang Ting 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: To investigate changes in the corneal epithelium topographic map in juvenile myopia after overnight wear of orthokeratology lenses (OK).
Methods: A total of 53 juveniles (53 right eyes) successfully wore OK and were reviewed in a timely manner from January 2016 to July 2017. Epithelial and corneal data were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Changes in uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, corneal refractive power, and epithelial and corneal thickness were analyzed before and after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 mo of overnight wear of OK.
Results: The corneal epithelium was reshaped after 1 day of OK; the myopia degree was reduced, and uncorrected visual acuity reached 0 logMAR at 1 week. The central (2-mm) average epithelial thickness was 52.04±2.35 μm, 49.25±2.67 μm, 45.91±2.80 μm, and 47.53±3.44 μm before and after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 mo of OK, respectively (t=10.122, 10.782, and 10.673, respectively, P≤0.001). The central epithelium appeared to have a thinning trend, which was obvious at 1 week, when the average thinning of 6.13±1.67 μm accounted for approximately 11.78%±3.21% of the total epithelium thickness. The epithelial thickness of the reverse curve zone was 51.83±2.49 μm, 57.62±3.01 μm, 59.43±3.19 μm, and 60.22±2.75 μm before and after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 mo of OK, respectively, showing a significant increase over time (t=5.325, 6.177, and 6.312, respectively, P≤0.001).
Conclusion: In the early stage of OK, the corneal epithelium was redistributed very quickly. The central epithelium became thin, while the epithelium of the reverse curve zone correspondingly thickened and achieved a plateau at 1 mo. Epithelial redistribution guaranteed uncorrected visual acuity after removal of OK.
Recurrent post-partum rhombencephalitis associated with anti-centromere antibody: A case report
Authors: Jin Andy , Mamelona Jean , Harper Byrne , Marrero Alier 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background
Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a serious condition of the brain with multiple etiologies. We report a unique case of recurrent, postpartum RE that is associated with positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA). A discussion of the case, current literature on autoimmune RE and related autoantibodies are reviewed.
Case Presentation
A healthy 33-year-old Caucasian patient (gravida 2, para 2) had two episodes of progressive focal neurological deficits during postpartum periods. Signs and symptoms included right-sided dysmetria, adiadochokinesia, weakness, ataxia, and photophobia. MRI revealed rhombencephalitis involving the mesencephalon. Extensive and comprehensive investigations using blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were consistently positive only for ACA. The first episode was successfully treated with empiric antimicrobial agents and steroid. Given the negative infectious work up with the prior episode and the nearly identical clinical presentations, the second episode was treated with corticosteroid only. This led to complete resolution of her symptoms and reversal of the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions.
Conclusion
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a primary autoimmune RE during postpartum period that is associated with ACA. Immunologic causes should be considered early with any encephalitis. Given the risk of recurrence, relapse, and neurologic deterioration, regular monitoring is recommended, especially for female patients of child-bearing age. Consistent with the current literature on autoimmune RE, steroid seems to be an effective treatment for ACA-associated RE.
Keywords: Autoimmune disease, rhombencephalitis, anti-centromere antibody, connective tissue disease, case report
One-year Versus Five-year Hospital Readmission after Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Authors: Bjerkreim Anna Therese , Naess Halvor , Khanevski Andrej Netland , Thomassen Lars , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Logallo Nicola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: The burden of readmission after stroke is substantial, but little knowledge exists on factors associated with long-term readmission after stroke. In a cohort composing patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), we examined and compared factors associated with readmission within 1 year and first readmission during year 2-5.
Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke or TIA who were discharged alive between July 2007 and October 2012, were followed for five years by review of medical charts. Timing and cause of the first unplanned readmission were registered. Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors for readmission within 1 year and first readmission during year 2-5 after discharge.
Results: The cohort included 1453 patients, of whom 568 (39.1%) were readmitted within 1 year. Of the 830 patients that were alive and without readmission 1 year after discharge, 439 (52.9%) were readmitted within 5 years. Patients readmitted within 1 year were older, had more severe strokes, poorer functional outcome, and a higher occurrence of complications during index admission than patients readmitted during years 2-5. Cardiovascular comorbidity did not differ between the two groups of readmitted patients. Higher age, poorer functional outcome, coronary artery disease and hypertension were independently associated with first readmission within both 1 year and during year 2-5. Peripheral artery disease was independently associated with readmission within 1 year, and atrial fibrillation was associated with first readmission during year 2-5.
Conclusions: More than half of all patients who survived the first year after stroke without any readmissions were readmitted within 5 years. Patients readmitted within 1 year and between years 2-5 shared many risk factors for readmission, but they differed in age, functional outcome and occurrence of complications during the index admission.
Molecular and Morpho‐Agronomic Characterization among Introduced Bristle Oat Collection Using ISSR Fingerprinting
Authors: Ghariani Salma , Amari Marwen , Charfeddine Amina , Chakroun Mohamed , Trifi‐Farah Neila 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
The genetic diversity of Avena strigosa was examined in order to clarify its phylogenic relationships and analyze the domestication of these well‐adapted ecotypes in the Tunisian environment.
The analysis of molecular variance revealed that the 91% of the variation was within groups of accessions according to their geographic origins and only 9% appeared among groups.
Three analyses revealed a scattered distribution, independent of the geographic origin.
Knowledge about the genetic variation of bristle oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) cultivars is helpful for the development of conservation strategies to molecularly assist selection to improve the introduced germplasm in the Tunisian environment. The present study examines the genetic diversity among 22 accessions of A. strigosa and clarifies its phylogenic relationships to analyze the domestication of these well‐adapted ecotypes. Twenty‐two accessions of diploid A. strigosa sampled from 22 various geographical locations were analyzed with 20 universal inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Twelve morpho‐agronomic traits were scored and all data were compiled to establish the repartition of the total ISSR variation and to analyze the genetic structure of the accessions under study. Out of 275 bands, 252 were recorded as polymorphic. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 91% of the variation was within groups of accessions according to their geographic origins. In addition, three analyses (Bayesian, principal component analysis, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) revealed a confused distribution, independent of the geographic origin. Therefore, it may be concluded that the bristle oat accessions are interrelated in spite of their agronomic divergence. Avena strigosa may be a potential forage crop that is suited to marginal Tunisian environments.
Effect of Biochar Application on Hydraulic Properties of Sandy Soil under Dry and Wet Conditions
Authors: Chen Chong , Wang Ruiqi , Shang Jianying , Liu Kesi , Irshad Muhammad Kashif , Hu Kelin , Arthur Emmanuel 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
High doses of biochar increased water retention of sandy soil in both dry and wet conditions.
Larger sized biochar decreased water retention at field capacity (FC).
High‐pyrolysis biochar could increase water retention at FC and in dry conditions.
We investigated the impact of biochar application on the evaporation rate of sandy soil.
Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties under dry (below permanent wilting point) and wet (from saturation to permanent wilting point) conditions is helpful for evaluating soil physical quality and modeling the movement of the substances (water and nutrients) in biochar‐amended soils. To investigate the effect of biochar application on hydraulic properties of sandy soil under dry and wet conditions, water retention in wet conditions and soil drying curves from wet to dry conditions were measured under different application rates (1, 3, and 5%, w/w), particle sizes (<0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, and 1–2 mm), and pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450, and 600°C) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw‐derived biochar. Results showed that when higher rate biochar (3 and 5%) was applied into the sandy soil, water retention became higher under dry and wet conditions. Biochar application with a larger particle size (0.5–1 and 1–2 mm) increased water retention under saturation and dry conditions but decreased water retention at field capacity. Sandy soil amended with biochar at the higher pyrolysis temperatures (450 and 600°C) had higher water retention under field capacity or dry conditions. Increasing biochar application rate, particle size, and pyrolysis temperature decreased the evaporation rate of sandy soil under dry conditions. Our findings suggested that hydraulic properties of the sand–biochar mixture were mainly determined by biochar properties under dry conditions and were highly related to the interpores between particles under wet condition.
Effect of Soil Texture on Estimates of Soil‐Column Carbon Dioxide Flux Comparing Chamber and Gradient Methods
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Fan Jun , Jones Scott B. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Carbon dioxide efflux from soil of different textures was compared.
The dominant mechanism of CO2 efflux changed from coarse to fine soil.
The gradient method should be used very carefully in coarse soils.
A key component of the global C balance includes soil CO2 emissions. Both chamber‐ and gradient‐based methods have been effectively used for determination of soil CO2 efflux. The gradient‐based method, however, is installed belowground and requires assessment of the soil gas diffusion coefficient, which varies with soil properties such as soil texture. We hypothesized that the gradient and chamber methods would yield similar results when soil texture was appropriately accounted for. Our objective was to evaluate soil gas efflux by applying both methods in three different soil textures (loam, silty loam, and silty clay loam) packed in laboratory soil columns. Water was incrementally applied to soil surfaces while volumetric soil water contents (VWC) and CO2 concentrations were continually monitored at target locations in parallel with surface chamber measurements. The Soil Air Phase Individual Resistances (SAPHIR) model was used to determine the relative gas diffusion coefficients (DP/D0). The gradient‐based CO2 effluxes were compared with estimates derived from the CO2–efflux chamber. Soil CO2 effluxes estimated using the gradient method approximated those using the chamber for all three soil textures. The particle shape factor (p) in the SAPHIR model varied with silt content of the three soils. The SAPHIR model's water blockage factor (w) also varied with soil texture to a lesser extent. Under the repacked soil condition, these results confirm that the gradient method can provide consistent CO2 measurements in comparison with chamber‐based results from soils of varied texture when the diffusion coefficient takes into account the effects of soil texture. The gradient method should be used cautiously in coarse‐textured soils.
Latest Evidence on the Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Active Surveillance for Insignificant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cantiello Francesco , Manno Stefano , Russo Giorgio I. , Cimino Sebastiano , Privitera Salvatore , Morgia Giuseppe , Cicione Antonio , Damiano Rocco 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) has become a very useful tool in
the management of PCa. Particularly, there is a great interest in using mpMRI for men on Active Surveillance
(AS) for low risk PCa. The aim of this systematic review was to critically review the latest literature concerning
the role of mpMRI in this clinical setting, underlying current strengths and weakness.

Evidence Acquisition:
A comprehensive literature research for English-language original and review articles
was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database with the aim to
identify studies pertaining to mpMRI for AS in low risk PCa patients. The following search terms were used:
active surveillance, prostate cancer and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Evidence Synthesis:
Data from 28 recent original studies and reviews were reviewed. We only considered studies
on the use of mpMRI in selecting AS patients and during AS follow-up, in order to solve two important
questions: -Can mpMRI have a role in improving the detection of clinically significant disease, better selecting
AS patients? -Can mpMRI identify the progression of disease and, consequently, be used during AS follow-up?

Conclusions:
mpMRI is useful to better select the ideal candidates to AS and to monitor them during follow-up.
However, despite many advantages, there are yet important limitations to detect all clinically significant PCa
and to better define mpMRI-radiological progression during AS. Further larger prospective studies are needed to
definitively solve these important problems.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of New Analogs of RC-121 Synthetic Derivatives of Somatostatin
Authors: Naydenova Emilia , Wesselinova Diana , Staykova Svetlana , Goshev Ivan , Vezenkov Ljubomir 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Based on the structure of RC-121 (D-Phe-c (Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys)-Thr-NH2, -
synthetic derivatives of somatostatin), some analogs were synthesized and tested for in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant
activity.

Objectives:
The new analogs were modifyed at position 5 with Dap (diaminopropanoic acid), Dab (diaminobutanoic
acid) and Orn and at position 6 with the unnatural amino acids Tle (t-leucine).

Methods:
The in vitro cytotoxic effects of the substances were investigated against a panel of human tumor cell
lines HT-29 (Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line), MDA-MB-23 (Human Breast Cancer Cell Line), Hep G-2
(Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line) and HeLa (cervical cancer cell line). The antioxidant capacities
were tested by ORAC (Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity) and HORAC (Hydroxyl Radical Averting Capacity)
methods.

Results:
All substances expressed significantly higher antioxidant capacity by comparison with galic acid and
Trolox. All substances showed considerable antioxidant capacity as well. Compound 2T (D-Phe-c(Cys-Tyr-DTrp-
Dap-Tle-Cys)-Thr-NH2)had the highest antioxidant effect. The compound 4T (D-Phe-c(Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-
Orn-Tle-Cys)-Thr-NH2) displayed antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells with IC50 30 µM. The peptide analog 3T
(D-Phe-c(Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Tle-Cys)-Thr-NH2) exerted the most pronounced inhibition on the cell vitality up
to 53%, 56% and 65% resp. against MDA-MB-23, Hep G-2, HeLa in the higher tested concentration.

Conclusion:
The somatostatin analogs showed moderate influence on the vitality of different tumor cells and
could be used in changing their pathology.
Characterization of Cells Interactions with Patterned Azopolymer-Based Materials using SEM, AFM and Video Microscopy
Authors: Barillé Régis , Codron Philippe , Mabilleau Guillaume , Manero Florence , Mallet Romain , Zielinska Sonia , Ortyl Ewelina , Eyer Joël , Letournel Franck 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Artificial Extracellular Matrices (ECMs) are promising tools for the study of cell behaviors.Methods:Here, we report a protocol for the use of a reconfigurable biocompatible azopolymer thin film through a photoinduced reconfigurable structuration of its surface to study nerve growth, differentiation and cell guidance.Results & Discussion:We show that this protocol combined with a spontaneous self-photoinduced polymer is suitable for time-lapse fluorescence video microscopy and can be easily adapted to electron microscopy techniques (SEM) and near-field imaging techniques (AFM).