bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dampak Perbedaan Salinitas terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Vibrio fluvialis <br><i>[The Impact of Salinity Difference on Bacteria Viability Vibrio fluvialis]<i>
Authors: Arisandi Apri , Wardani Maulinna Kusumo , Badami Kaswan , Araninda Garina Dyah 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakRumput laut sulit dibedakan antara akar, daun dan batangnya. Kondisi air laut yang fluktuatif dan ekstream dapat menyebabkan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii rentan terkena penyakit ice-ice. Muncul bercak putih di thallus rumput laut yang terinfeksi. Diduga penyakit ice-ice disebabkan oleh bakteri pattogen yaitu Vibrio fluvialis. V. fluvialis adalah bakteri patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit ice-ice pada rumput laut, bakteri gram negatif yang memiliki bentuk tubuh seperti batang dan bengkok. Bakteri ini dapat tumbuh di ekosistem perairan yang dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya ketersediaan nutrisi, pH, suhu, keasaman, dan salinitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui viabilitas bakteri Vibrio pada perbedaan salinitas. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi bakteri hingga tingkat spesies melalui uji biokimia dengan referensi SNI 01-2332-4-2006 dan buku identifikasi Cowan. Viabilitas diamati tiga kali pengulangan pada media TCBS plate dengan salinitas 30, 32, dan 34 ppt, dan uji konfirmasi. Bakteri inokulasi pada media TSA miring dengan kadar salinitas 0 ppt, 20 ppt, 40 ppt, 60 ppt, 80 ppt dan 100 ppt. hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa bakteri tumbuh normal di semua media uji kecuali pada 100 ppt. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Vibrio fluvialis adalah bakteri yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada kadar salinitas tinggi (halofilik) AbstractSeaweed can not be differentiated between root, leaves and trunk. Fluktuate and extreame of sea water condition cause Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed susceptible to get ice-ice disease. Appearing of white patches at thallus of infected seaweed. Suspected ice-ice disease is caused by pattogen bacteria namely Vibrio fluvialis. Vibrio fluvialis is patogen bacteria that cause ice-ice disease seaweed, gram negative bacteria that has body shape like steam and bend. This bacteria can grow in the aquatic ecosystem that is influenced by abudance of nutrient availability, pH, temperature, hardness and salinity. The purpose of this research is to know the viability of Vibrio bacteria at difference salinity. This research is started by identify bacteria until spesies level through biochemical test whit reference SNI 01-2332-4-2006 and identification book (Cowan 2003). Viability is observed three time repetition at TCBS palte media with salinity 30, 32, and 34 ppt, and confirmation test. Bacteria is planted at oblique TSA media with salinity levels 0 ppt, 20 ppt, 40 ppt, 60 ppt, 80 ppt and 100 ppt . the results obtained shows the bacteria grow normally at all test medias except at 100 ppt media. This shows that Vibrio fluvialis bacteria is a bacteria that can grow well at high salinity levels (halofilik)
Efektifitas Ekstrak Immersi Spirulina platensis sebagai Imununostimulan terhadap Jumlah Splenik Melanomacrophage Center (MMC) pada Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila <br><i>[Effectiveness of Spirulina platensis Extract Immersion as Immunostimulant To Number of Splenic Melanomacrophage Centers in Gouramy Fish (Osphronemus gouramy) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila]<i>
Authors: Aditya Iga Wahyu , Arimbi Arimbi 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek imunostimulan dari ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap penurunan jumlah melanomakrofag limpa pada penyakit bakteri yang disebabkan Aeromonas hydrophila. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. 20 ekor ikan gurami dengan berat 20-30 gram secara acak dibagi kedalam 5 grup perlakuan yaitu P0-, P0+, P1, P2 dan P3. Grup yang digunakan sebagai control (P0-), grup yang diinfeksi 106ml-1Aeromonas hydrophila (P0+) dan grup yang diberikan air dengan ekstrak Spirulina platensis 200, 400 dan 600 mg/L dan diinfeksi dengan 106 ml/L Aeromonas hydrophila. Setelah 1 minggu adaptasi, perlakuan P1, P2 and P3 diberikan ekstrak Spirulina platensis pada hari 1 dan hari ke 7 dan di infeksi 106ml/L Aeromonas hydrophila. Setelah 4 hari infeksi, seluruh ikan gurami di eutanasi untuk mendapatkan data. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Kruskal Wallis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) antar perlakuan dengan jumlah melanomakrofag center (MMC). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Perlakuan P2 dan P3adalah dosis efektif dimana kedua perlakuan tersbut menunjukkan banyaknya jumlah melanomacrophage centers (MMC). AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of immunostimulants from Spirulina platensis extract on decreasing the number of splenic melanomacrophages in bacterial diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The method of this research is laboratory experimental with 5 treatments and 4 replications. 20 gourami fish weighing 20-30 grams were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups namely P0-, P0 +, P1, P2 and P3. The group used as control (P0-), the group infected with 106ml-1 Aeromonas hydrophila (P0 +) and the group given water with Spirulina platensis extract 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1 and infected with 106 ml/L Aeromonas hydrophila. After 1 weeks of adaptation, treatments P1, P2 and P3 were given Spirulina platensis extract on day 1 and day 7 and in infection with 106ml-1Aeromonas hydrophila. After 4 days of infection, all gouramy is euthanized to obtain data. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis method. This study showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments with the number of melanomacrophages center (MMC). This proves that the P2 and P3 treatments are effective doses where both treatments show the large number of melanomacrophage centers (MMC).
UM DISCURSO SOBRE FOUCAULT NA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Sobral Maria Neide 
Published: November 2018

Tratar da análise de discurso baseado na perspectiva foucaultiana a partir de uma narrativa de si é o objetivo desse artigo. Procurei descrever o percurso de minha aproximação com Foucault e como fui trabalhando determinados discursos da Educação, no processo de problematização, na análise dos enunciados em seu referente, na função-sujeito do discurso, nos campos correlatos ao discurso e na materialidade do mesmo. Em uma abordagem autobiográfica temática, utilizei-me de minhas memórias em relação a leituras que fiz de textos de Foucault e de alguns comentadores, bem como de textos que produzi na História da Educação para desvelar os desafios, as limitações e os significados em trabalhar análise de discurso na perspectiva desse autor. Nesse percurso, foi possível em uma re-inventiva textual, enunciar também um discurso sobre Foucault na pesquisa em Educação
VOZES DO TRIUNFO: NARRATIVAS DE SI DE PROFESSORAS DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Santos Aldenise Cordeiro , Feldens Dinamara Garcia 
Published: November 2018

Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a produção discursiva acerca da mulher na escola contemporânea. Com o objetivo de compreender as instâncias e caminhos por meio do qual se construiu na instituição escolar formações discursivas e saberes acerca da mulher. Utilizando-se da genealogia como abordagem metodológica, sem com isso buscar uma identidade de mulher, mas sim percorrer os diferentes enunciados, imagens, subjetividades, ações, objetos, espaços, camadas, discursos e saberes produzidos a seu respeito. Por meio de entrevistas com professoras do povoado Triunfo, da cidade de Simão Dias, do interior de Sergipe, iremos traçando narrativas de si dessas docentes junto às intercessões teóricas. São três professoras que atuam na educação básica, que em suas narrativas sinalizam elementos que compõe a docência, como o longo e infinito caminho da formação. Portanto, esta é uma construção genealógica das diversas camadas que compõe o conceito mulher, que também tem sua composição nos espaços escolares.
Latent Tuberculosis and Current Health Disparities in California: Making the Invisible Visible
Authors: Katrak Shereen , Flood Jenny 
Published: November 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to have devastating consequences for patients both globally and locally, with disease risk concentrated in specific subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and nativity. We highlight TB disparities in California in 2016, and describe opportunities to reduce disparities by scaling up screening and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in primary care settings. Primary impediments to mainstreaming LTBI screening and treatment and reducing TB disparities include poor understanding of patient-level barriers, knowledge gaps on the part of health care providers, and insufficient promotion of effective testing and treatment strategies. To overcome these barriers, efforts should focus on finding and engaging high-risk patients and the providers who serve them, as well as enabling health care systems to adopt recommended strategies for testing and treatment through improved dissemination of policy, tracking and measuring LTBI outcomes, and reducing financial barriers to LTBI treatment.
Changes in Tuberculosis Disparities at a Time of Decreasing Tuberculosis Incidence in the United States, 1994–2016
Authors: Khan Awal , Marks Suzanne , Katz Dolly , Morris Sapna Bamrah , Lambert Lauren , Magee Elvin , Bowman Sloane , Grant Gail 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To assess national progress in reducing disparities in rates of tuberculosis (TB) disease, which disproportionately affects minorities. Methods. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance data and US Census data to calculate TB rates for 1994 through 2016 by race/ethnicity, national origin, and other TB risk factors. We assessed progress in reducing disparities with rate ratios (RRs) and indexes of disparity, defined as the average of the differences between subpopulation and all-population TB rates divided by the all-population rate. Results. Although TB rates decreased for all subpopulations, RRs increased or stayed the same for all minorities compared with Whites. For racial/ethnic groups, indexes of disparity decreased from 1998 to 2008 (P < .001) but increased thereafter (P = .33). The index of disparity by national origin increased an average of 1.5% per year. Conclusions. Although TB rates have decreased, disparities have persisted and even increased for some populations. To address the problem, the CDC’s Division of TB Elimination has focused on screening and treating latent TB infection, which is concentrated among minorities and is the precursor for more than 85% of TB cases in the United States.
Monitoring Postoperative Opioid Use Following Simple Arthroscopic Meniscectomy
Authors: Gardner Vance , Gazzaniga David , Shepard Michael , Grumet Robert , Rubin Benjamin , Dempewolf Michael , Bray Camille , Prietto Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Orthopaedic surgeons are confronted with a difficult dilemma: managing acute pain postoperatively and balancing the risk of prescription opioid use. To our knowledge, a prospective performance-improvement project providing opioid-prescription recommendations based on the actual amounts of usual and customary medication consumed following simple knee meniscectomy has not been described.

Methods:
One hundred and two patients undergoing arthroscopic knee meniscectomy prospectively recorded postoperative pain medications in a pain journal. Arthroscopic procedures were performed at 2 centers by 9 fellowship-trained senior surgeons. Various usual and customary prescribing protocols were observed, and the amount of medication consumed was recorded. Prescription and over-the-counter pain medication, quantity, frequency, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected.

Results:
One hundred and two patients filled a prescription opioid medication and were included in the study. A total of 3,765 pills were prescribed, and a total of 573.5 were consumed. For the 102 patients who filled a prescription, the average time consuming opioid medication was 2 ± 2 days (range, 0 to 13 days) postoperatively. No cases of persistent use were recorded. Of the 102 patients who filled a prescription, 29.4% did not take any prescription opioids postoperatively. A total of 3,191.5 pills (or 22,183.75 morphine milligram equivalents [MME]) were unused and were potentially available to the community.

Conclusions:
Following simple knee arthroscopy, the amount of prescribed opioid medication exceeds the need for postoperative pain management. In general, 68% of patients require a maximum of 13 pills postoperatively for 6 days. Surgeons should adjust prescribing standards accordingly to limit the amount of prescription opioids available to the community. Furthermore, a comprehensive response to include increased patient screening and monitoring as well as opioid use and disposal education is recommended.
Alternatives to Conventional Nitrogen Fertilization on Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass
Authors: Corbin M. D. , Nave R. L. G. , Bates G. E. , Butler D. M. , Hawkins S. A. 
Published: November 2018

Core IdeasComparing sources of N applied to grasses can help lead to decisions N application.This information assists southeastern producers with guidelines on N fertilization.With conventional N fertilizer increasing prices, it is important to explore different alternatives.Alternatives to conventional N fertilization on tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons. cv. Kentucky‐31] and bermudagrass [Cynadon dactylon(L.) Pers. cv. Vaughn’s #1] were studied at the University of Tennessee Plateau Research and Education Center in Crossville, TN. The experimental period occurred from April to September 2016 and 2017, and the experimental design for each experiment was a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications (n= 24). For both species, treatments were: control (CN) without N fertilization; grass and white clover (WC) [Trifolium repens(L.) cv. Ladino‐Will]; grass and red clover (RC) [Trifolium pretense(L.) cv. Cinnamon Plus]; grass and cowpea (CW) [Vigna unguiculata(L.) cv. ‘Iron & Clay’]; broiler litter (BL); and ammonium nitrate (AN). Legume percentage of CW in tall fescue was comparable to RC in tall fescue (P= 0.646) in 2016 but differed in 2017 (P= 0.0002). Also in tall fescue, RC treatments resulted in the greatest total herbage mass (HM) in 2017, which was 1986 kg ha−1more than other treatments. In 2017, RC and WC treatments in tall fescue were greater in (ADF) for most of the growing season. For bermudagrass, RC treatments resulted in the greatest HM in 2016, with 4526 kg ha−1more than other treatments, and in 2017 with 4289 kg ha−1more than other treatments. Treatments containing a single application of BL or AN in spring each year showed no differences for total HM and crude protein (CP) in both species.
Effects of Different Soil Tillage Systems on Soil Carbon Management Index Under Double‐Cropping Rice Field in Southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Xiao Xiaoping , Li Chao , Tang Wenguang , Cheng Kaikai , Pan Xiaochen , Wang Ke , Li Weiyan 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
SOC and AOC were higher in CT and RT treatments than RTO at 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 20 cm.
Lability, LI, and CMI in the CT treatment were higher than NT treatment at 0 to 5 and 10 to 20 cm.
SOC stocks were significantly higher in NT at 0 to 5 cm than under the RTO treatment.
SOC stocks were significantly higher in CT and RT at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm than under RTO.
Interactions between tillage and soil organic carbon (SOC) impact soil structure, soil quality, and the calculated soil carbon management index (CMI). However, the effects of different tillage and residue management systems on the dynamics of SOC remain unclear under double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, the effects of soil tillage and incorporated residues on soil bulk density, SOC, soil active organic carbon (AOC), and the CMI were studied in a southern China double‐cropped rice system. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), no tillage with residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with residue removed as a control (RTO). The results indicated that soil bulk density increased under NT in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, SOC was higher under NT than that of other treatments, and SOC in the 5‐ to 20‐cm layer was higher under CT and RT than under NT and RTO. The greatest SOC and AOC contents were observed under CT at the 5‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers. The CMI was used to assess the soil quality change with different soil tillage practices. The application of residue combined with conventional tillage or rotary tillage was more effective for increasing soil carbon pool index (CPI) and CMI than was rotary tillage with the residue was removed. The CMI for the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth under RT and CT were higher (P < 0.05) than the NT treatment. Meanwhile, RT significantly enhanced the SOC stocks over the RTO treatment at three different depths. As a result, based on soil CMI and C storage, double‐cropping rice using a no‐tillage system where crop residues are not removed could increase SOC in the surface 5 cm.
Evaluation of a Petroleum‐Derived Spray Oil for Control of Microdochium Patch and Turfgrass Spring Performance on Nordic Golf Greens
Authors: Aamlid Trygve S. , Niemeläinen Oiva , Paaske Klaus , Widmark David , Ruuttunen Pentti , Kedonperä Auli 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Mineral oil was as effective as or more effective than fungicides in controling Microdochium patch.
Repeated applications of mineral oil in autumn might inhibit turfgrass green‐up in spring.
Mineral oil can reduce conventional fungicide use on Nordic golf courses.

Greenkeepers are looking for alternatives to fungicides for control of turfgrass diseases. Our objective was to evaluate a petroleum‐derived spray oil with a blue‐green pigment for control of Microdochium patch/pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale) on golf course putting greens with various durations of snow cover. The spray oil was applied at rates 27 or 54 L ha−1 every third week from late August or September to December, either alone, in tank mixture with potassium phosphite (3 kg PO3 ha−1) or in tank mixture with half rate of fungicides approved for turf, in five 1‐yr trials in the Nordic countries. The oil was as effective or more effective than fungicides and gave, on average, 94 and 98% disease control at rates 27 and 54 L ha−1, respectively. Tank mixtures with half rate of prochloraz + propioconazole and fludioxonil did not increase disease suppression in a trial with 79 d snow cover. Phosphite reduced disease severity in one trial only and did not improve disease control or turfgrass quality when tank‐mixed with the oil. The pigment in the spray oil was highly persistent and improved turfgrass greenness except in a trial where the combination of oil and ice cover gave a transitory black color at ice melt. Another trial with long snow cover showed a drop in turfgrass quality in spring as the spray oil prevented normal green‐up. In conclusion, this research shows that a spray oil has the potential to reduce fungicide use on Nordic golf courses.
Exploring Scale‐Specific Controls on Soil Water Content across a 500‐Kilometer Transect Using Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zhao Yali , Wang Yunqiang , Zhang Xingchang , Wang Li 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
We used MEMD to explore scale‐specific controls of SWC at a 500‐km transect.
The largest mean scale of SWC and environmental factors along the transect was 121 km.
Precipitation and temperature were large‐scale factors controlling SWC.
Elevation and sand were moderate‐scale factors controlling SWC.
Clay content was the dominant factor controlling SWC at all scales.
Soil water content (SWC) varies both spatially and temporally and is highly controlled by various factors operating at different intensities and scales. In this study, we investigated the scale‐specific controls of SWC along a 500‐km transect using multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) at 42 sites. Soil water content and six environmental factors were divided into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residuals to represent different scales. Different values of IMFs for SWC and environmental factors were obtained throughout the whole profile and within five soil layers (0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, and 4–5 m). The largest scales (i.e., the scales that explain largest portion of variances) of SWC and environmental factors depended on the soil layer from which SWC was involved in MEMD analysis, and they were 272, 126, 134, 126, 117, and 121 km for soil layers from 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, and 0 to 5 m, respectively. The residuals accounted for a majority (33–78.1%) of the variance of the original data. At large scales (>250 km), precipitation and temperature were the controlling factors on SWC, whereas at moderate scales (65 km), elevation and sand were the factors determining SWC. In contrast, at all scales, clay content affected SWC distribution. The scale‐specific prediction of SWC on the basis of IMFs and residuals contained more information on environmental factors than the results obtained at the measurement scale. Overall, SWC prediction from IMFs and their residuals were superior to those based on the original data. Using information obtained from MEMD could improve our understanding of the scale‐specific characteristics of soil water and environmental factors across a long transect scale.
Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Women in Vhembe District, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vhuromu Elisa N. , T. Goon Daniel , Maputle Maria S. , Lebese Rachel T. , Okafor Benedine U. 
Published: November 2018

Aim:Screening for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer is a cornerstone of prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness in women about the utilization of cervical cancer screening services in Vhembe District, South Africa.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved a random selection of 500 women aged 20-59 years in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data was collectedviaa self-structured questionnaire on the demographic variables, provision, utilization and awareness of cervical cancer screening services.Results:The majority of the participants agreed to have cervical cancer screening services in their clinics (79.2%), and never had a Pap smear (58.6%). Most women would not go for cervical cancer screening, mainly because of a lack of facilities (30.0%), fear of pain (24.4%), and embarrassment (15.2%). Most participants indicated that Pap smear test meant scraping the cervix to detect abnormal cancerous cells (39.2%) and 34.2% did not know a Pap smear. Majority of the participants indicated Pap smears should be done every 10 years (65.8%); Pap smears could detect cervical cancer earlier (66.8%), and had heard about cervical cancer (71.6%). The majority of the participants considered cervical cancer as a serious problem to warrant considerable attention (59.4%); and some perceived cervical cancer as transmittable through multiple sexual partners (22.2%). The majority of the participants were aware of a vaccine against cervical cancer for girls at school (69.0%), and it was indicated that government should use health education to encourage women to attend cervical screening services (51.6%).Conclusion:Despite the free availability of cervical cancer screening services and awareness, the utilization of cervical cancer screening services is low. There is a need to intensify cervical screening health talks and campaigns, and to provide alternative accessible options for screening services for women in rural areas.