bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEUNTUNGAN KOMPETITIF ORGANISASI DALAM PERPSEKTIF RESOURCES BASED VIEW (RBV)
Authors: Rengkung Leonardus Ricky 
Published: July 2019

The uncertaintity and environmental dynamics faced by an organization are highly correlated with the firm’s presence in the organization environment. Every organization has to an ability to analyze the organization environment in finding and maintaining its competitive advantage. There are some perspectives explaining about the relationship an organization and its environment, one of them is Resources-Based View (RBV). This Resources-Based View (RBV) is a perspective of strategic management focusing on organization level resources, having organization idiosyncratic resources and maximizing the overall resources of organization compared to competitor. These resources can be a source of relational rents and competitive advantage. The RBV theorizes that the accumulation of resource stocks, that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-subsitutable. The resource-based view of the firm provides a useful perspective for explaining firm growth and sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to explain how an organization in finding and maintaining the competitive advantage in the aspect of Resources-based View (RBV).
PERANAN EKOWISATA BAGI KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT BAHOI KECAMATAN LIKUPANG BARAT
Authors: Manahampi Reydi Marco , Rengkung Leonardus R. , Rori Yolanda P. I. , Timban Jean F. J. 
Published: July 2019

This research aims to increasing understanding regarding the community’s income and level of welfare after the implementation of ecotourism in Bahoi village, Likupang Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in 4 months, from May to August 2015. Primary and secondary data was used, and data was collected through interviews. The sampling method used was Purposive Sampling that selected 16 respondents (10%) as the sample, representing of total 160 families that reside in Bahoi village. Analysis shows that ecotourism in Bahoi plays an important role in community life because local community can feels its impact, both directly and indirectly, such as getting additional income, knowledge and experience. Based on this research it can be concluded that ecotourism activities in Bahoi plays a role in increasing the locals' income both directly and indirectly, and ecotourism activities has a positive impact on the welfare of the community and is expected to increase community welfare in Bahoi in general.
FAKTOR BERALIHNYA TENAGA KERJA ANAK PETANI KE SEKTOR NON-PERTANIAN DI DESA TREMAN KECAMATAN KAUDITAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Wehantouw Aprilia Deasi , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Moniaga Vicky R. B. 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to increase the knowledge regarding determinant factors causes the shift of youth labor as farmers’ children to non-agricultural sector. The location of the research was conducted in Treman Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted from January to June 2018. The data used were primary and secondary data. Number of child farmers as the selected respondents are 18 people representing XVIII Jaga by using purposive sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis in the form of tables and simple quantitative calculations. The results showed that there are two groups of factors causing the shift of child labor of farmers to non-agricultural sector. The first group is the push factor which consists of (1) the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture such as the displacement of agricultural land for the construction of buildings and roads which result in the narrowing of the availability of working and working fields, (2) lack of understanding and willingness to work in the agricultural sector. While the second group is the pull factor, consisting of (1) the wage/salary rate in the agricultural sector is lower than wages in the non-agricultural sector. (2) Peasant children's views on employment in non-agricultural and agricultural sectors. There are four views expressed by the child farmers are: a. work in accordance with the field of science related to non-agriculture because according to the last education that has been taken, b. working in the non-agricultural sector is more appreciated and raises social status, c. want to improve working experience in non-agricultural sector, d. better working conditions in non-agriculture than the conditions of employment in agriculture. (3) the more open the opportunities for business and work and the more choices of types of business and work available in the non-agriculture sector than in the agricultural sector.*eprm*.
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI BAWANG DAUN DI DESA BONGKUDAI UTARA KECAMATAN MOOAT KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW TIMUR
Authors: Mamusung Elsa Novera , Rengkung Leonardus Ricky , Talumingan Celcius ., 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze how much profit the farmers get in the activities of scallion farming in North Bongkudai Village, Mooat District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The study was conducted for 3 months from October to December 2018. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection is through direct interviews with 60 respondents using the stratified random sampling method. Interviews were conducted based on a previously prepared questionnaire, and secondary data was obtained from the Bolaang Mongondow East Agriculture Office, North Bongkudai Village Office, Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Agriculture Library, and Local Book Stores. The analysis in this study is qualitative and quantitativeanalysis presented in table form and then described descriptively. The results showed that the amount of profit of the scallion farmers per bed in Bongkudai Utara village in the first strata (lower layer) was Rp.426,664, while for the second strata (middle layer) was Rp.439,185 and for the third strata (upper layer) was Rp. 1,227,853. The highest profit of scallion farmers in Bongkudai Utara Village is in the third strata, reaching Rp1,227,853 per bed.*lrr+eprm*
KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KELUARGA PETANI DI DESA KIE ICI KECAMATAN IBU KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT
Authors: Sawangponto Astrodein ., , Moniaga Vicky Richard B. , Kumaat Ribka Magdalena 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the contribution of housewives to the income of farmer families in Kie ici Village, Mother District, West Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted for three monthsfrom October to December 2018. Data collection methods used were primary data and secondary data. The data taken is primary data using direct interview techniques and questionnaires for 30 farmer housewives. While secondary data was obtained from the Kie ici Village office, books available in stores and the internet such as google cendekia to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research namely the contribution of housewives to the family. The results showed that the contribution of housewives' income to farmer households in Kie ici village in general housewives were able to contribute, at 39.68 percent, to family income which could be categorized as sufficiently fulfilling the family's need to live.*eprm*
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI TOMAT DI DESA TONSEWER KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Talumingan Celcius 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the costs and farm income. Research carried on in March to May 2010 in the village of Tonsewer, district of Tompaso, Regency of Minahasa. The data obtained in this study include primary data and secondary data. The method of collecting data was obtained by interview using the questionnaire as a tool in data collection. Primary data were obtained from tomato farmers and secondary data obtained from the relevant authorities of this research. Results showed that most farmers in the village of respondents aged 28-67 years, having elementary through high school levels, the number of dependents a family of 3 to 4 people and is the owner of tenant farmers. This study uses the income analysis to determine the level of income from tomato farmers and comparative analysis between revenue and costs to determine the level of success of farming tomatoes. The results showed that the average farmer's income of Rp 3,386,987.8 per two planting seasons or Rp 4,908,784.6 per one planting season. R/C > 1 is a successful farmer in tomato farming.
Distinguishing Polar and Coplanar Circumbinary Exoplanets by Eclipse Timing Variations
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhanbo 湛伯 , Fabrycky Daniel C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Circumbinary planets (CBPs) can be misaligned with their host binary stars. Orbital dynamics, simulations, and recent observations of protoplanetary disks all suggest that the planet can stably orbit in a plane perpendicular to that of an eccentric host binary star (i.e., a polar orbit). No solid claim of detection of such a configuration has been made; the nine systems detected by the transit technique are nearly coplanar, but their discovery is also biased toward that configuration. Here, we develop eclipse timing variations (ETVs) as a method to detect misaligned CBPs. We find that because the apsidal motion (periastron precession) of the host binary is prograde for a coplanar planet and retrograde for a polar planet, the mean eclipse periods of primary and secondary eclipses differ in a way that distinguishes those configurations. Second, the eclipse duration variations vary in a way that can confirm that inference, over and against a polar model. Third, the relative phasing of primary and secondary ETVs on the planet’s orbital timescale also distinguishes the two configurations, which we explain analytically and quantify through a grid of numerical models. We apply these methods to Kepler-34, a transiting planet known to be nearly coplanar by detailed photodynamic modeling. In this system, we find that the binary eclipse times alone suffice to distinguish these orbital configurations, using the effects introduced here. Our work provides a tool for discovering potential polar CBPs, or misaligned CBPs of milder inclinations, from the existing ETV data set of the Kepler, as well as future observations by TESS or PLATO.
Discovery of CCS Velocity-coherent Substructures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1
Authors: Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Ochiai Tetsu , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kameno Seiji , Mizuno Izumi , Taniguchi Kotomi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present the results of mapping observations toward a nearby starless filamentary cloud, the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1), in the CCS (

, 45.379033 GHz) emission line, using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. The map shows that the TMC-1 filament has a diameter of ∼0.1 pc and a length of ∼0.5 pc at a distance of 140 pc. The position–velocity diagrams of CCS clearly indicate the existence of velocity-coherent substructures in the filament. We identify 21 substructures that are coherent in the position–position–velocity space by eye. Most of the substructures are elongated along the major axis of the TMC-1 filament. The line densities of the subfilaments are close to the critical line density for the equilibrium (∼17 M
☉ pc−1 for the excitation temperature of 10 K), suggesting that self-gravity should play an important role in the dynamics of the subfilaments.
Convective Overshooting in Low-mass Stars Using the k–ω Model
Authors: Guo Fei , Li Yan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The mixing of convective overshoot is quite uncertain in low-mass stars. To study the mixing in the convective core and beyond the convective boundary for low-mass stars, we use the k–ω model, which is proposed by Li. We determine that the distance of the overshooting region is about 0.072

in the 1.3 M
⊙ star. There are two parts in the overshooting region, one is the completely mixing region of about

, and the other is the partial mixing region of about 0.045

. Next, we study the semiconvection for low-mass stars. We find that the semiconvection near the convective core boundary can be removed when we use the k–ω model. Then, we calibrate the

for classical overshooting by using the k–ω model. As a result, we find that a suitable value of

is about 0.008 for the mass range of 1.0–1.8 M
⊙ stars.
Discovery of a Close-separation Binary Quasar at the Heart of a z ∼ 0.2 Merging Galaxy and Its Implications for Low-frequency Gravitational Waves
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Pardo Kris , Greene Jenny E. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Nyland Kristina , Strauss Michael A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries with masses of ∼108–109
M
⊙ are expected to dominate the contribution to the as-yet undetected gravitational wave background (GWB) signal at the nanohertz frequencies accessible to pulsar timing arrays. We currently lack firm empirical constraints on the amplitude of the GWB due to the dearth of confirmed SMBH binaries in the required mass range. Using Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 images, we have discovered a z ∼ 0.2 quasar hosted in a merger remnant with two closely separated (0.″13 or ∼430 pc) continuum cores at the heart of the galaxy SDSS J1010+1413. The two cores are spatially coincident with two powerful [O iii]-emitting point sources with quasar-like luminosities (L
AGN ∼ 5 × 1046 erg s−1), suggesting the presence of a bound SMBH system, each with M
BH > 4 × 108
M
⊙. We place an upper limit on the merging timescale of the SMBH pair of 2.5 billion years, roughly the universe lookback time at z ∼ 0.2. There is likely a population of quasar binaries similar to SDSS J1010+1413 that contribute to a stochastic GWB that should be detected in the next several years. If the GWB is not detected this could indicate that SMBHs merge only over extremely long timescales, remaining as close separation binaries for many Hubble times, the so-called “final-parsec problem.”
A Hard Look at Thermal Reverberation and Optical/Ultraviolet Lags in NGC 5548
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Papadakis I. E. , Dovčiak M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV)/optical variations in many active galactic nuclei are very well correlated, showing delays that increase with increasing wavelength. It is thought that this is due to thermal reprocessing of the X-ray emission by the accretion disk. In this scenario, the variable X-ray flux from the corona illuminates the accretion disk where it is partially reflected, and partially absorbed and thermalized in the disk producing a UV/optical reverberation signal. This leads to time lags that increase with wavelength. However, although the shape of the observed time lags as a function of wavelength is consistent with the model predictions, their amplitude suggests the presence of a disk that is significantly hotter than expected. In this work, we estimate the response functions and the corresponding time lags assuming a standard Novikov–Thorne accretion disk illuminated by a point-like X-ray source. We take into account all relativistic effects in the light propagation from the X-ray source to the disk then to the observer. We also compute the disk reflection, accounting for its ionization profile. Our results show that thermal reverberation effects are stronger in sources with large X-ray source height and low accretion rate. We also found that the time lags increase with height and accretion rate. We apply our model to NGC 5548 and show that the observed lags in this source can be explained by the model for a source height of ∼60 r
g and an accretion rate of a few percent of the Eddington limit for a maximally spinning black hole.
Data Quality Task Group 2: Tests and Assertions
Authors: Belbin Lee , Chapman Arthur , Wieczorek John , Zermoglio Paula , Morris Paul 
Published: July 2019

‘Data Quality Test and Assertions’ Task Group 2 (https://www.tdwg.org/community/bdq/tg-2/) has taken another year to clarify the 102 tests (https://github.com/tdwg/bdq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3ATest). The original mandate to develop a core suite of tests that could be widely applied from data collection to user evaluation of aggregated data seemed straight-forward. Two years down the track, we have proven that to be incorrect. Among the final tests are complexities that none of the core group anticipated. For example, the need for a definition of ‘empty’ or the ‘Expected response’ from the test under various scenarios.
The record-based tests apply to Darwin Core terms (https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/) and have been classified as of type validation (66), amendment (29), notification (3) or measure (5). Validations test one or more Darwin Core terms against known characteristics, for example, VALIDATION_MONTH_NOTSTANDARD. Amendments may be applied to Darwin Core terms where we can unambiguously offer an improvement to the record, for example, AMENDMENT_MONTH_STANDARDIZED. Notifications are made where we believe a flag will help alert users to an issue that needs evaluation, for example, NOTIFICATION_DATAGENERALIZATIONS_NOTEMPTY. Measures are summaries of test outcomes at the record level, for example, MEASURE_AMENDMENTS_PROPOSED.
We note that 41 require some parameters to be established at the time of test implementation, 20 tests require access to a currently accepted vocabulary and 3 tests rely on ISO/DCMI standards. The dependency on vocabularies to circumscribe permissible values for Darwin Core terms led to the establishment by Paula Zermoglio of DQ Task Group 4 (https://github.com/tdwg/bdq/tree/master/Vocabularies). A vocabulary of 154 terms that are associated with the tests and assertions have been developed.
As at the time of writing this abstract, test data and demonstration code implementation of each test are yet to be completed. We hope these will be finalized by the time of this presentation.
DiSSCo, iDigBio and the Future of Global Collaboration
Authors: Nelson Gil , Paul Deborah L 
Published: July 2019

Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) is the United States’ (US) national resource and coordinating center for biodiversity specimen digitization and mobilization. It was established in 2011 through the US National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program, an initiative that grew from a working group of museum-based and other biocollections professionals working in concert with NSF to make collections' specimen data accessible for science, education, and public consumption. The working group, Network Integrated Biocollections Alliance (NIBA), released two reports (Beach et al. 2010, American Institute of Biological Sciences 2013) that provided the foundation for iDigBio and ADBC.
iDigBio is restricted in focus to the ingestion of data generated by public, non-federal museum and academic collections. Its focus is on specimen-based (as opposed to observational) occurrence records. iDigBio currently serves about 118 million transcribed specimen-based records and 29 million specimen-based media records from approximately 1600 datasets. These digital objects have been contributed by about 700 collections representing nearly 400 institutions and is the most comprehensive biodiversity data aggregator in the US.
Currently, iDigBio, DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections), GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) are collaborating on a global framework to harmonize technologies towards standardizing and synchronizing ingestion strategies, data models and standards, cyberinfrastructure, APIs (application programming interface), specimen record identifiers, etc. in service to a developing consolidated global data product that can provide a common source for the world’s digital biodiversity data. The collaboration strives to harness and combine the unique strengths of its partners in ways that ensure the individual needs of each partner’s constituencies are met, design pathways for accommodating existing and emerging aggregators, simultaneously strengthen and enhance access to the world’s biodiversity data, and underscore the scope and importance of worldwide biodiversity informatics activities. Collaborators will share technology strategies and outputs, align conceptual understandings, and establish and draw from an international knowledge base.
These collaborators, along with Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), will join iDigBio and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History as they host Biodiversity 2020 in Washington, DC. Biodiversity 2020 will combine an international celebration of the worldwide progress made in biodiversity data accessibility in the 21st century with a biodiversity data conference that extends the life of Biodiversity Next. It will provide a venue for the GBIF governing board meeting, TDWG annual meeting, and the annual iDigBio Summit as well as three days of plenary and concurrent sessions focused on the present and future of biodiversity data generation, mobilization, and use.
DINA: Open Source and Open Services - A modern approach for natural history collection management systems and research
Authors: Glöckler Falko , Macklin James , Ronquist Fredrik , Hoffmann Jana 
Published: July 2019

The DINA Consortium (“DIgital information system for NAtural history data”, https://dina-project.net ) was formed in order to provide a framework for like-minded large natural history collection-holding institutions to collaborate through a distributed Open Source development model to produce a flexible and sustainable collection management system. Target collections include zoological, botanical, mycological, geological and paleontological collections, living collections, biodiversity inventories, observation records, and molecular data. DINA is funded by the participating member institutions. DINA Core Members are organizations or individuals who commit at least one half-time equivalent of resources to the development of the consortium goals, at least half of which should be available for code development.
The DINA system is architected as a loosely-coupled set of several web-based modules. The conceptual basis for this modular ecosystem is a compilation of comprehensive guidelines for Web application programming interfaces (APIs) to guarantee the interoperability of its components. Thus, all DINA components can be modified or even replaced by other components without crashing the rest of the system as long as they are DINA compliant. Furthermore, the modularity enables the institutions to host only the components they need. DINA focuses on an Open Source software philosophy and on community-driven open development, so the contributors share their development resources and expertise outside of their own institutions.
One of the overarching reasons to develop a new collection management system is the need to better model complex relationships between collection objects (typically specimens), research data and associated workflows. We will present the enhancements provided by the approach of the DINA system focussing on the flexibility to plug in compliant components and accommodate additional (meta-)data and specimen related research data with the help of a generic data module.
Furthermore, we will discuss challenges in the governance of the development activities such as organizing the distributed code development of the core modules, the code review process and the choice of the software stack. These organizational challenges will be overcome with the help of a revised Memorandum of Understanding.
L’émergence : un processus évolutif et protéiforme
Authors: Berenger Valérie , Vérez Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2019

L’émergence est polysémique et évolutive. Les disciplines qui s’y intéressent recourent à des outils méthodologiques spécifiques et à des critères différents. C’est notamment le cas en économie, en relations internationales et en géopolitique. On ne saurait considérer l’une d’entre elles comme suffisante. L’approche transversale semble incontournable pour appréhender l’émergence insérée dans la mondialisation. Classification JEL : F50, F63, N4, O0