bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Secondary Transfer Generalisation Effects From Black and Gay Contact: The Role of Humanisation
Authors: Puffer Hanna , Hodson Gordon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntergroup contact is considered one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice. An extension of contact theory, the secondary transfer effect (STE), stipulates that contact with a primary outgroup can impact attitudes toward a second, uninvolved outgroup. Here, we test the direct and indirect effects of contact with the primary outgroup on attitudes toward the secondary outgroup through outgroup humanisation, assessing White, heterosexual Americans' contact with both Black and gay people (N = 471; 52.7% men; Mage = 44.90, SD = 14.75). Path analyses were conducted on four fully saturated models that included intergroup contact (quantity, quality), humanisation of each group, and intergroup outcomes (attitudes, collective action intentions). Direct generalisation consistently occurred from gay contact (quantity or quality) to Black attitudes or Black collective action. Only one indirect generalisation pathway consistently occurred: a greater quantity of gay contact humanised Black people, which itself was associated with more positive attitudes and stronger collective action intentions toward Black people. However, the converse generalisation was not found: Black contact was rarely associated with direct or indirect intergroup outcomes toward gay people. The present study is the first to find indirect humanisation pathways for the STE, but from gay‐to‐Black contact only. Implications for future research are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Validation of Nonviolent Work Behavior (NVWB) Scale and Its Relation With Workplace Conflict
Authors: Bansal Suhans , Kumari Sarika , Garg Naval 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe current study assessed the reliability and validity of the nonviolent work behavior (NVWB) scale with the help of three studies. Study 1 examined the factor structure of the scale using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Study 2 explored the internal consistency reliability, convergent, divergent, and predictive validity using different statistical estimates. It also examined the measurement invariance of the scale. Similar to the original scale, the EFA and CFA also yielded four factors: “NVT‐Stress,” “NVT‐Ability,” “NVT‐Constructive,” and “NVT‐Ignore.” The results also revealed adequate Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and McDonald's omega, which established the reliability of the scale. The positive correlation between NVWB and attitude to nonviolence scores confirmed the scale's convergent validity. It was also revealed that four dimensions of NVWB significantly predict relationship and task conflict. The validation of the scale was based on three independent studies conducted on three different samples.
Leveling up on labels? Consumer preferences for firm‐level eco‐labels as substitutes for or complements to product‐level eco‐labels
Authors: Boe‐Lillegraven Siri , Demmers Joris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEco‐labels can inform consumers about the environmental impact of their purchase decisions, but preferences for different types and combinations of labels—especially the under‐researched concept of firm‐level eco‐labels—are poorly understood. Furthermore, the effectiveness of displaying one versus more labels on products remains unclear, as does the impact of consumers' specific shopping goals and the availability of information about the labels' meaning. Relying on discrete choice experiments and with theory on consumers' attributions and goal pursuit as its starting point, this paper tackles the questions, “How do consumers respond to different types and combinations of eco‐labels, and how does information about the labels' meaning and specific shopping goals impact revealed label preferences?”. The results establish firm‐level eco‐labels as important supplements to or replacements for (some) product‐level eco‐labels and have implications for firms' decisions on which labels to feature on products as well as legislators' efforts to stimulate responsible consumption.
Photocatalytic Upcycling of Plastic Waste into Syngas by ZnS/Ga2O3 Z‐Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Xu Tong , Shan Tao , Jiang Yuting , Xu Lian‐hua , Zhang Huiyan , Chu Sheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic conversion of plastic waste into value‐added products using solar energy presents a promising approach for promoting environmental sustainability. Nonetheless, the emission of CO2 during the conventional photocatalytic degradation process remains a major hurdle that impedes its further development. In this study, we propose an efficient photocatalytic conversion of polyethylene plastic into syngas (CO+H2 mixtures) by using a ZnS/Ga2O3 Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst. It is found that the strong redox capability of photogenerated holes and electrons in the Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst can promote the oxidative depolymerization of PE plastic, concurrently enabling the efficient reduction of the intermediate product CO2 into syngas. Furthermore, this system also demonstrates applicability in the conversion and upcycling of other polyolefin plastics including polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Our findings highlight the potential of polyolefin plastics photoreforming for the production of syngas under environmentally benign conditions.
Memristive Neural Network Circuit of Negative Emotion Inhibition With Self‐Repair and Memory
Authors: Wan Qiuzhen , Sun Kunliang , Liu Tieqiao , Qin Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe generated mechanism of negative emotion involves the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala in the brain. Based on the biological mechanism, this paper proposes a memristive neural network circuit of negative emotion inhibition with self‐repair and memory. The proposed memristive neural network circuit consists of five modules: memory (hippocampus) module, inhibition (prefrontal cortex) module, damage detection module, repair module, and output (amygdala) module. The memory module does not respond to a small negative signal, but a large negative signal will cause the memory module to form memories. If the large negative signal repeats, the memory module will output a memory signal to the inhibition module. The inhibition module receives the negative signal and the memory signal and then generates an inhibition signal. When the negative signal is small, the inhibition module outputs normally. When the large negative signal is applied for the first time, the inhibition module becomes damaged and the output is abnormal. As the memristor in the inhibition module has exceeded its damaged threshold, the damage detection module will generate a damaged signal to the repair module. The repair module will restore the memristance of the memristor in the inhibition module after receiving the damaged signal. If the large negative signal is applied again, the memory signal from the memory module will help the inhibition module to output normally. The output module receives the negative signal and the inhibition signal and then generates the negative emotion signal appropriately. The PSPICE simulation results show that the hippocampus generates memories after learning and transmits them to the prefrontal cortex, and then the prefrontal cortex inhibits the amygdala to generate the negative emotion appropriately. The proposed memristive neural network circuit can be applied to the robots, which can flexibly alter the intensity of the negative emotion expressed by the robots.
Pressure and Isothermal Compressibility of Asymmetric Complex Plasmas in the Poisson–Boltzmann Plus Hole Approximation
Authors: Martynova Inna , Iosilevky Igor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider a two‐component asymmetric complex plasma of finite‐size macroions with charges () and point oppositely charged microions with unit charges. System pressure is calculated within the framework of the Poisson–Boltzmann plus hole approximation by obtaining the Coulomb nonideal parts of interaction energy and Helmholtz free energy. It is shown that both the pressure and plasma isothermal compressibility are positive over the entire range of macroion concentrations. We compared pressure and isothermal compressibility in linearized approximations and in the Poisson–Boltzmann plus hole approximation where the nonlinear screening effect is taken into account and showed a significant difference for some macroions concentrations.
Ketogenic Food Ameliorates Activity‐Based Anorexia of Adult Female Mice
Authors: Dong Yiru , Lin Yuki , Khatri Latika , Chao Moses , Aoki Chiye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveGenome‐wide association studies implicate metabo‐psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa (AN). There are two case reports totaling six adult females who experienced complete remission of AN following a treatment comprised of ketogenic diet (targeting metabolism) with ketamine infusions (targeting psychiatric origins), but no study has determined the efficacy of ketogenic diet, alone. We addressed this gap in knowledge, with exploration of potential molecular mechanisms, using an animal model.MethodAdult C57BL6 female mice underwent 2 or 3 cycles of activity‐based anorexia (ABA1, ABA2, ABA3), an animal model of AN relapse, in which AN‐like maladaptive behaviors of hyperactivity and voluntary food restriction are elicited when wheel access is combined with food restriction. ABA was categorized as severe, based on weight loss ≥ 20%, food restriction‐evoked increase in wheel counts > 10,000/6 h, and crouching/grimace, and compared across two groups: (1) KG, fed ketogenic food continuously (N = 25); and (2) CON, fed standard diet (N = 28).Results86% of CON versus none of the KG were crouching with grimace during ABA1. 93% of CON versus 11% of KG lost weight severely during ABA2 (p < 0.001, 8% difference of group mean weights). Severe hyperactivity was prevalent among CON (86%) and rare for KG (4%) during ABA2 (p < 0.001 on all food‐restricted days). ABA up‐regulated BDNF (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor) in the hippocampus of both groups but ketone body, β‐hydroxybutyrate, in urine was increased only among KG.DiscussionKetogenic diet may reduce severity of AN relapse through reduction of compulsive exercise, via mechanisms that are in addition to BDNF up‐regulation and involve β‐hydroxybutyrate.
Exploring Reciprocal Associations Between Self‐Reported Anxiety and Eating Disorder Symptoms Longitudinally: A Bivariate Latent Change Score Approach
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Brown Tiffany A. , DeJesus Christopher R. , Kaye Walter H. , Wierenga Christina E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveConsistent data support an association between anxiety and eating disorders (EDs), and theoretical models of EDs suggest that anxiety may be involved in the etiology and maintenance of ED symptoms over time. However, the directionality of relations between these variables remains under‐characterized, particularly within treatment settings.MethodWe used bivariate latent change score models to explore longitudinal associations between anxiety and ED symptoms in a sample of ED patients (N = 548, 93.2% female, Mage = 21.16, 78.8% White, 79.6% Non‐Hispanic/Latinx) throughout intensive treatment and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsBest‐fitting models exploring change in each variable independently (i.e., univariate models) suggested that changes in ED and anxiety symptoms decreased over time, but that change was influenced by an individual's symptom severity at the previous timepoint. Models exploring associations between changes in both variables over time (i.e., bivariate latent change score models) suggested the best fit for a model where both anxiety and ED symptoms at one timepoint were associated with later change in the other. Specifically, parameters within these models suggested that higher levels of anxiety were associated with increased subsequent reductions in ED symptoms, whereas elevations in ED symptoms were associated with decreased later reductions in anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that anxiety and ED symptoms are intricately related both within and outside of intensive treatment. Future multi‐modal research exploring real‐time links between anxiety and ED symptoms throughout treatment is critical to extend this work and inform improvements in targeted, mechanistic interventions for this population.
Application and prospects of interface engineering in energy storage and conversion of graphdiyne‐based materials
Authors: An Juan , Zhang Haohao , Wang Yijie , Kong Zhen , Li Wensi , Gao Xing , Song Jibin , Yao Yancai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new carbon allotrope, graphdiyne (GDY) has great promise for future use. Much interest was piqued when it was initially prepared in 2010. GDY is made up of sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms. It has a one‐atom thick two‐dimensional structure and many interesting and useful qualities, such as strong chemical bonds, super‐large π structures, the ability to change from an alkyne to an alkene, and can be grown on any surface. GDY has become one of the frontier hotspots in chemistry and materials science, with original research achievements in energy conversion and storage, catalysis, intelligent information, life sciences constantly emerging and so on, showing revolutionary performance. In electrochemical cells, the electrode interface content not only accounts for a small proportion in the entire electrode system but it also plays a crucial role, affecting the efficiency, lifespan, power performance, and safety performance of the battery. In view of this, the intrinsic properties of GDY have been thoroughly analyzed, and a new GDY‐based electrochemical interface has been proposed by combining the key problems of electrochemical interfaces in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This has led to new understanding and insights to address many critical scientific issues. In this review, the structure, characteristics, and applications of GDY in interface engineering are presented. In particular, recent advances in GDY and its aggregates in energy storage and conversion are summarized and discussed.
Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts
Authors: Farahmand Maryam , Mousavi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is the primary cardiovascular risk factor, making it a global issue. Our objective was to assess the association between the age at menarche (AAM) and MetS and its components in different generations of women.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 5500 eligible women aged ≥ 20 who participated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study in 2015–2017 were selected. Participants were divided into groups by birth cohorts (BC) (born ≤ 1959, 1960–1979, and ≥ 1980) and AAM (≤ 11, 12–15, and ≥ 16 years, early, normal, and late, respectively). The status of MetS and its components were compared amongst participants using logistic regression.ResultsNormal AAM (12–15 years) was considered the reference group. The adjusted model revealed that AAM ≤ 11 is associated with a higher risk of 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.71) in MetS, and the prevalence of MetS in the early menarche group was higher in BCI, and BCII (odds ratio (OR): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36 and OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89, respectively). Those with late menarche demonstrated a lower risk (OR:0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.91) of abdominal obesity, and early menarche showed a higher risk (OR: 1.45; CI: 1.14, 1.86). This higher risk in early menarche was observed in BCI and BCII (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.66 and OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.64, respectively). However, the protective effect of late menarche was observed in BC II and BC III (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.00 and OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96, respectively).ConclusionsThe influential effect of AAM on metabolic disturbances varies amongst different generations.
Incident heart failure: comparing management and outcome in primary and hospital settings in Western Sweden 2008–2017
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Pivodic Aldina , Schaufelberger Maria , Rosengren Annika , Fu Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimHeart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent condition managed in both primary care (PC) and hospital care (HC)‐based settings. HF patients managed in these two settings may differ in their demography, comorbidities and outcomes, so we aimed to compare the patient management in PC and HC in the Västra Götaland Region (VGR) in Sweden.MethodsThe VEGA database is an administrative database that includes all patients living in VGR. Patients with a first principal or contributory diagnosis of HF (I50) ≥18 years old between 2008 and 2017 were included. One‐year mortality was used as the outcome.ResultsIn total, 35 375 new‐onset HF cases were included with 18 722 identified only in PC and 16 651 in HC. HF patients in PC were older (80.7 ± 10.9 vs. 76.1 ± 13.6), more women (57.1% vs. 44.9%), with more hypertension, musculoskeletal and mental disorders, but less myocardial infarction. Patients in HC had almost 4 times higher all‐cause 1 year mortality [3.92 (3.77–4.08), P < 0.0001] compared with PC after adjustment for age and sex. Over a 10 year period, despite decreasing mortality in both settings, hazard ratios for HC versus PC were significantly increased for all patients (P for interaction 0.0004), which was more marked in female and for 70–80 years old patients.ConclusionOver a 10 year period, we demonstrated the differences in demography, comorbidities and outcomes between heart failure patients managed in hospital care versus primary care.
Bagliettoa A. Massal. (Verrucariaceae): A New Generic Record of Lichenized Fungi for India
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Upreti Dalip Kumar , Nayaka Sanjeeva , Sharma Yash Pal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe lichen genus Bagliettoa A. Massal. is being reported for the first time from India, represented by B. baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda, B. calciseda (DC.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, and B. limborioides A. Massal. Previously, specimens belonging to this genus were erroneously identified as species of Awasthiella and Verrucaria at herbarium LWG. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, notes on distribution and ecology, and a comparison with related species are provided along with a key to facilitate their identification.
Association of Psychotropic Prescriptions With Non‐Registered Indications and the Risk of Mortality in Older Adults: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ishtiak‐Ahmed Kazi , Jensen‐Dahm Christina , Christensen Kaj Sparle , Waldemar Gunhild , Gasse Christiane 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivePsychotropic drug use is common in older adults, with off‐label use reported despite limited understanding of the safety outcomes compared to on‐label use. Incomplete recordings of treatment indications in the Danish National Prescription Register (DNPR) raise concerns about potential off‐label medication use, particularly among older adults. We, therefore, investigated the association between psychotropic prescriptions with non‐registered indications in DNPR and the 1‐year all‐cause mortality in older adults, including subgroups with any psychiatric disorders, depression, or dementia.MethodsRegister‐based cohort study following all older adults (≥ 65) who redeemed a first‐time (since 1995) prescription of either antidepressants, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepine during 2006–2017. Redemption of a prescription with non‐registered indications in the DNPR was the exposure. The outcome, 1‐year all‐cause mortality was analyzed using Poisson regression, estimating incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for socio‐demographics and clinical factors.Results32% of prescriptions filled by 202,067 individuals for antidepressants, 37% of 97,387 for antipsychotics, and 22% of 130,471 for benzodiazepines had non‐registered indications. No significant differences in mortality rates were found for antidepressants and antipsychotics with non‐registered indications, while higher mortality rates were associated with benzodiazepines, mitigated when excluding individuals receiving intravenous administrations representing end‐of‐life treatment. The results remained consistent in subgroup analyses in patients with any psychiatric disorders, depression, or dementia and further stratified analyses by sex and age.ConclusionsWe found that while psychotropic prescriptions with non‐registered indications in DNPR were prevalent in older adults, they were not associated with excess mortality.
Prevalence of infertility and its association with intimate partner violence in Tanzania: Findings from the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Balandya Belinda , Beňová Lenka , Kikula Amani , Pembe Andrea B. , Riese Sara , Asefa Anteneh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe first estimated the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility in Tanzania and then examined its association with recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV).MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2022 and included 6894 women aged 20–49 years to estimate the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. In a subset of 2802 partnered women who were surveyed about physical, emotional, and sexual IPV, we also examined the association of any form of IPV in the 12 months prior to the survey with both primary and secondary infertility using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of primary infertility was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 3.1) and secondary infertility was 15.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 61.0). Primary infertility was higher in urban areas (1.9%) compared to rural areas (1.7%) (P < 0.001). Over one‐third (37.9%) of the women who were surveyed concerning IPV reported experiencing at least one form of IPV in the 12 months prior to the survey. Almost one‐fifth (18.3%) of women with secondary infertility had experienced at least one form of violence in the past 12 months prior to the survey, compared to 1.5% with primary infertility (P = 0.656). Women with secondary infertility were 1.58 times more likely to have experienced any form of IPV (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.33).ConclusionsIn Tanzania, the high prevalences of both infertility and IPV and the link between the two warrants the need for strengthening infertility care and treatment and support for women experiencing IPV.