bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion Agenda and Secularism: An Analysis from Christian Missions in India and Nepal
Authors: Ramachandran Jayakumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article is an attempt to understand how Hindus perceive and respond to the conversions of people in India and Nepal to Christian faith and to find a way in which the evangelicals may fulfill their mission mandate in a pluralistic context in which conflicts and challenges are imbedded. For this purpose, a panoramic presentation of the political realities, classified communities of Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity, and the views and perceptions of Hindus, Muslims, and Christians toward conversions in India and Nepal, is presented in the first part. This section is followed by a theological and biblical analysis with a word study on conversion and discipleship. The last section of this article is a brief presentation of unethical practices involved in conversion events which cause adverse reactions from other religious adherents. The paper concludes with suggestions to Christians as to how they should execute the commission of the Lord of the Bible in the prevailing religious, political, and social contexts of Nepal and India.
Vulnerable Parts
Authors: Sabernig Katharina A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In Tibetan medicine, ‘vulnerable parts’ (gnyan pa gnad) are bodily structures which should not be damaged. Most of these anatomical locations are important in terms of surgical care and the management of wounds. They are described in the primary classical text of the Tibetan medical tradition, the Four Treatises (Rgyud bzhi), and in far more detail in its respective commentaries. A list of these more than three hundred delicate spots is included in at least two sixteenth-century commentaries, but its origin remains unclear. With the help of the medical ‘scroll paintings’ (thang ka) accompanying the seventeenth-century Blue Beryl (Vaiḍūrya sngon po) commentary to the Four Treatises, we can identify the locations of many of these vulnerable anatomical structures. However, it is uncertain if these identifications have remained consistent over time. With increasing integration of Tibetan medical practices into the Chinese health care system, it became necessary to find and define new terms. A veritable revolution in Tibetan medical terminology has taken place over the past several decades. Through a careful examination of these ‘vulnerable parts’ of the body, including an exploration of three examples, this article examines the shift of anatomical designations and the coining of new terms for anatomical details in classical and modern publications. Correctly identifying the vulnerable parts matters a great deal, especially with regard to patient safety.
South Africa’s Withdrawal from The Rome Statute: A Note on Democratic Alliance v. Minister of International Relations and Cooperation and Others
Authors: Karia Pooja M. , Possi Ally 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC) are having a turbulent relationship, since the implication of the Sudanese President Omar A-Bashir by the Court with the atrocities committed in the Darfur region. The attitude of African countries against the Court has led to some rampaging voices, calling for an African solidarity to exit the ICC. Few African countries, including South Africa, have stepped to the plate responding to the call. However, the process has been coated with uncertainties, mostly leading to constitutional power wrangle among the constitutional branches of governance. The High Court of South Africa, for instance, has been the ‘mediator’ when the executive and legislature clashed over South Africa’s pursuance to withdraw from the ICC. Thus, this commentary revisits the case of Democratic Alliance v. Minister of International Relations and Cooperation and Others, and exposes the power ‘wrangle’ between the executive and legislature when South Africa engineered her failed exit from the ICC.
Paronomastic Infinitives in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic: A Typological Approach
Authors: Mengozzi Alessandro , Miola Emanuele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the present article we aim to describe the distribution and functions of preposed and postposed paronomastic infinitives in literary and spoken varieties of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). In the first part, the syntax and the function(s) of constructions involving a paronomastic infinitive will be described from a typological point of view. Syntactic and functional variation of NENA paronomastic infinitives largely corresponds to what is found in other Semitic languages, as well as in many languages belonging to other families. In the second part of the article we will address the rendering of Biblical Hebrew and Classical Syriac paronomastic infinitives in NENA Bible translations and offer a survey of various constructions found in spoken varieties and in the language of early Christian Neo-Aramaic poetry.
The Constituting Value of a European Democratic Experimentalism
Authors: Giudice Alessio Lo 
Published: June 2019

John Dewey conceived democracy as a cooperative problem-solving practice in which actors try out provisional solutions by means of social communication. His notion of experimental democracy as a specific form of life and an ethical enterprise rather than simply a form of government implies the constitution of a polity as a practical and complex process of exchanging and sharing experiences.
The aim of this paper is to test the feasibility of using a Deweyan theoretical basis for democracy to assess the potential for a European process of political integration. The historical-conceptual presuppositions of the European Union’s institutional project preclude both a narrow local perspective and an illusory globalist scheme. To redirect Europe’s democratic vocation, a process of political and institutional communication must be developed that transcends the existing national paradigm.
History and Paradigm Shift: NGOs in International Development Aid
Authors: Lan Yuxin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As Chinese NGOs are trying to go abroad under the Belt and Road Initiative, understanding the existing niche, discourse, and paradigm of the mainstream transnational NGOs in current international development aid system is crucial for Chinese NGOs to adapt and develop their own identity on value and norms. Based on key researchers’ observations, historical facts and statistics, this research examines the mainstream NGOs’ evolution in organization, action and discourse embedded in the macro-history of transnational NGOs and transformation of the international development aid system; it sums up the transformation around three macroscopic relations to understand and evaluate the action paradigm and discourse of the contemporary mainstream NGOs in transnational development, namely, around “Transnational NGO-State” relations a change from the private sphere to the public sphere, around “North-South” relations a shift from one-way aid to equal cooperation, and on “NGO-Society” relations an evolvement from voluntarism to professionalism. In the end the article points out the difference between Chinese NGOs and those of the developed countries in terms of the origin, timing, goal and discourse and specifies five basic questions China must face in its identity building.
New Institutional Link, Organizational Control and Advocacy of NGOs
Authors: Li Shuoyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in China overcome external control from the state and advocate their mission under the dual-management system? While studies on the bargaining between NGOs and the competent authority mostly emphasize the use of persona connections at individual level, little research focuses on the strategy of how NGOs use institutional factors. This article argues that NGOs could get rid of the external control by creating new institutional links with the government, which provides NGOs more opportunities in advocacy. Based on an in-depth case study, this article takes an environmental NGO in H City of Z Province as an example to illustrate how the organization develops relationships with a new authority. This new institutional link helps the NGO to reduce its dependence on the single authority and enhance its autonomy. The changed power structure ultimately enables the NGO to expand its space for advocacy.
Вселенское Православие и Московское царство в начале Смуты: источники информации о событиях в России
Authors: Ul’ianovsky Vasily 
Published: June 2019

The author demonstrates that relations between the Russian state and the four Eastern Orthodox Christian patriarchates were not interrupted at the beginning of the Time of Troubles and continued in the traditional way. The main focus is on sources of information available in the Orthodox East concerning events in Russia: officials of the Russian church hierarchy (Arseny Elassonsky, Ignatius, Nectarios, and Matthew Kolitsydis), diplomatic missions (1603–1606), information about the Pretender Dmitry circulating in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1602–1604), and Greek priests at the court of Prince Vasily Ostrozhky. The author investigates the levels and content of information about Russia at the end of the reign of Boris Godunov and during the reign of False Dmitry I that was promptly transmitted to the Patriarchs.
An Old Russian Service Book in Baltimore and Its Missing Fragment in St. Petersburg
Authors: Afanasyeva Tatiana I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the history of an ancient Russian service book (sluzhebnik) dating from the first half of the fourteenth century, which was divided into two parts in the early nineteenth century. One of the two parts was purchased by the well-known Russian collector Alexander Sulakadzev and is currently held by the Manuscript Library of the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland (USA). The other part was acquired by the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg (currently, the National Library of Russia) no later than the 1830s. Judging by the surviving inventories, Sulakadzev acquired the service book for his collection in 1816 at the earliest. While in his possession, Sulakadzev added several false notes to the sluzhebnik attempting to pass it off as a manuscript known to have been in Tmutarakan in 1079; other false handwritten notes in the service book were intended to imply that it had belonged to several famous Russian historical figures. This article corrects some errors made in earlier publications about the manuscript and establishes that Sulakadzev pasted into the service book a miniature of much later origin (which, however, has not survived). The article presents a reconstruction of the contents of the original sluzhebnik, including descriptions of both its parts.
Indonesia’s Maritime Governance
Authors: Ikrami Hadyu , Bernard Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since President Joko Widodo took office in 2014, he has placed maritime governance at the top of his agenda, as evidenced by the introduction of his vision on Indonesia as a ‘global maritime fulcrum’. This article discusses how his administration has been working towards such a goal. First, it provides an overview of Indonesian laws related to maritime governance. Second, it looks at the institutions responsible for administering, enforcing, and/or applying those laws and how they have been performing their functions. Third, it explores how those institutions cooperate with external parties in four areas of Indonesia’s major interest at present: maritime security; safety of navigation; protection of the marine environment; and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Lastly, this article also discusses the challenges faced by the State in governing its maritime affairs and offers suggestions for a better maritime governance.
Human and Deltaic Environments in Northern Egypt in Late Antiquity
Authors: Wilson Penelope 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper analyses the relationship between archaeological sites from the Roman-Late Roman period in the north-central Delta of Egypt and the palaeotopography and environmental conditions from the 1st millennium BC to 1st millennium AD. The location of the archaeological sites is mapped according to survey maps of the 19th and 20th c. and digital topographic models from satellite data. The Ptolemaic and Roman context for the apparent ‘boom’ in settlement during the late antique period (3rd–7th c. AD) is described to assess the way in which the diverse environments of floodplain, wetland and marsh, and sand-bars were managed, and to propose a possible reconstruction of the ancient landscape. The results of the correlation are discussed in terms of connectivity to waterways, lagoons and the sea, spatial organisation, hierarchy and site function. The way in which the evidence from this time period may provide a potential proxy for understanding earlier and later settlement density is explored. Throughout, the historical trajectory and the environment will provide the background for the development of the Delta in the Medieval and Modern period.
Construing Temporal Magnitudes: Implications for Event Conceptualisation
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj 
Published: June 2019

The paper investigates the effect of alternating construals of temporal magnitudes on individuals’ reasoning about events that are explicitly embedded in time. Specifically, I analyse the meaning-making potential of “cumulative” and “fractional” construals, as in “30 minutes” and “half an hour”. Inspired by Cognitive Linguistics postulates, the hypothesis is that although these alternate constructions of time quantities are numerically equivalent, i.e. the objective time intervals designated are the same, they will differently prompt conceptualisation and reasoning about events they structure. This hypothesis is empirically tested with native and non-native speakers of English at four levels of time granularity, for seconds/minute, minutes/hour, weeks/month and months/year configurations.
The findings show that there is a consistent major effect indicating a semantic-conceptual asymmetry between cumulative and fractional construals for the seconds/minute level, and a weaker, though analogous, effect for the months/year level, with the fractional construals ‘magnifying’ the quantity. Critically, the effect is found to hold in the case of conceptualisers for whom English, in which stimuli were presented, was their L2 while English native speakers appear to be ‘immune’.
I discuss the potential motivation behind those patterns as well as the effect’s theoretical and practical implications. Finally, the findings are then related to a study on individuals’ intuitive predictions about meaning-making implications of alternating between cumulative and fractional construals of time.
Management of Tuna Fisheries for Sustainable Development in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Batty Michael , Fernandes Vivian 
Published: June 2019

Cooperation by Pacific Island countries in the management of tuna fisheries is an important means of achieving sustainable development of these shared resources, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 14. The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) tuna fishery is the largest tuna fishery in the world and two examples of arrangements based on regional cooperation are provided:

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The purse seine Vessel Day Scheme (VDS) is a fisheries management system that is being implemented through the cooperation of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA), which regulates harvesting of tuna in line with SDG 14.4. The scheme also establishes rights in the shared fishery for small island developing states, increasing economic returns in support of SDG 14.7.

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Regional cooperation in fisheries Monitoring Control and Surveillance is a unique collaboration between the members of the Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) to address illegal, unreported and unregistered (IUU) fishing in support of SDG 14.4. A range of regionally agreed systems and tools is applied.
Nigeria and the Deficit of National Cohesion: Exploring the Political Philosophy of a Third Culture in the Post-Centennial Era
Authors: Olufemi Badru Ronald 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis exercise that straddles political philosophy and philosophy of culture is to constructively dialogue with the hitherto deficit of national cohesion in Nigeria in the post-centennial era. Employing the research methods of conceptual mapping, critical analysis, reflective argumentation, and historical data, the work advances as its problem statement that the deficit of national cohesion in Nigeria has been a fundamental issue for a long time, which has manifested in various ethnic and religious conflicts in society, taking the conflictual phenomena as the core of the deficit of national integration. The thesis statement of the study is that, if the post-centennial Nigeria is to achieve any substantial national cohesion in the midst of ethno-religious pluralism, then a form of third culture (TC), a culture of positive integration of the essentials of the self culture (SC) and the other culture (OC) ought to be conscientiously developed among Nigerians. But, to successfully develop this third culture, its philosophical dimensions, that is, its epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, and logic must be explored and made intelligible to all. Therefore, a systematic exposition of the philosophical dimensions of the third culture and the process of ultimate realization of their prescriptions constitute the goals of the present study.
Far and Near: A Parallel Study between Lorenzo Valla and Li Zhi
Authors: Li Jingjing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The fifteenth-century Italian humanist Lorenzo Valla (1407–1457) and the Chinese philosopher of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Li Zhi 李贄 (1527–1602) are both famous for their rebellion against the mainstream culture of their respective nations and times. A parallel study of the writers allows us to consider fifteenth-century Italy alongside sixteenth-century China, and vice versa. The similarities and differences provide perspective on both cultures, and on the reciprocal influence between philosophy and social development.
The Bannerman Community of Fujian Qinjiang under the Qing Dynasty: A Case Study in Acculturation (涵化)
Authors: Wang Xueshen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The banner city constructed in 1729 at the village of Qinjiang, Fujian, provides a typical example of interaction and acculturation between Qing bannermen and local Chinese. The bannermen were the small, ethnically defined, but humanly constructed minority that ruled China for two hundred and sixty-eight years. The Qinjiang banner city was established well into that era, and records of life there indicate how much the newcomers accepted Han Chinese culture, local religious beliefs, and Fujian kinship modes. But we also see how the Bannermen maintained self-identity, such as the inner banner circle marriage model and banner community maintenance.
Les « Maîtres de Tabriz », céramistes dans l’empire ottoman : Une mise au point sur leur identification
Authors: Mahi Khalida 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Who are the “Masters of Tabriz”? Scholars have attempted to reply to this question by trying to discover the historical and geographical origins of these ceramists who decorated ottoman buildings. However, the absence of biographies makes their identification uncertain and leads to many different theories about their identity. In reality, these masters are only known for their names found on monumental inscriptions and from ottoman archives. To fill in the lack of evidence, researchers have resorted to investigating ancient texts. However, some of these written sources are subject to extrapolations and uncertain speculations. These are nevertheless considered as convincing elements, which obviously falsifies the identification of these ceramists. This study proposes to reconsider the elements of identification notably in rereading the primary sources written in Ottoman, Arabic and Persian. The objective is to show evidence of concrete notions concerning the “Masters of Tabriz” and dismiss unfounded hypotheses. It will thus be possible to have a clearer vision of these craftsmen, as their enigmatic history tends to create myths.
Cognitive behaviour language therapy for speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents
Authors: Nnamani Amuche , Akabogu Josephine , Otu Mkpoikanke Sunday , Ukoha Evelyn , Uloh-Bethels Annah C , Omile Jacinta Chinwe , Obiezu Maureen Nnenna , Dike Anastasia E , Ike Chioma Vivian , Iyekekpolor Olayinka M 
Published: June 2019

Objective To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive behaviour language therapy (CBLT) programme to reduce speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents. Methods This was a group randomized clinical trial that enrolled stuttering school adolescents who had severe speech anxiety. The participants were randomized to either the treatment group or the control group. The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (SATI) score was recorded before and after a 12-week CBLT programme was delivered in 24 group sessions to the treatment group. The control group did not receive any therapy. Results A total of 92 stuttering school adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to the treatment group ( n = 46; 22 males, 24 females; mean ± SD age, 16.36 ± 2.20 years) or the control group ( n = 46; 28 males, 18 females; mean ± SD age, 15.45 ± 2.10 years). Results showed that the CBLT intervention significantly reduced speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents compared with the control group (post-test SATI assessment, mean ± SD 26.52 ± 1.67 versus 89.92 ± 3.17, respectively). Conclusion These findings suggest that speech educators and therapists in educational institutions and hospitals should follow the principles of CBLT when treating speech anxiety.
Use of leftovers of monoclonal antibody products after partial extraction – A microbiological safety study
Authors: Arnamo A Hedvig , Huitema Alwin DR , Beijnen Jos H , Nuijen Bastiaan 
Published: June 2019

Background/purpose In the absence of thorough microbiological, chemical and physical stability data, high amounts of pharmaceutical products, from which the seal has been broken, are to be discarded after preparation. We performed a generic microbiological validation study for several marketed monoclonal antibody products, in order to define conditions under which leftovers from partially extracted product can be used in order to minimize loss. Methods From the daily practice of the Central Preparation Unit of the Netherlands Cancer Institute, used monoclonal antibody product vials were collected. To examine the integrity of the primary packaging, a VDT/S Vacuum Leak tester from Erweka was used. Vials were punctured with different types of spikes or a needle prior to experiments and examined for leakage afterward. In addition, microbiological monitoring was performed by broth simulation of the preparation method. Results All vials (631 vials, 18 different monoclonal antibody products) showed no leakage after puncturing with a 18 G needle. However, the use of a spike system resulted in leakage in 108 of the 435 tested vials. Results from the broth simulations confirmed a higher risk of contamination after puncturing with a spike as compared to needle-punctured vials (0.5% vs. 0.05%). Conclusion When working under aseptic preparation conditions and making use of appropriate needle, the risk of contamination is acceptably low to justify storage and reuse of leftover monoclonal antibody product from a microbiological perspective. The spikes tested lead to an unacceptably high level of loss of integrity and subsequent risk of microbiological contamination if stored in a non-classified environment. We concluded that these results could be applied generically to all monoclonal antibody products with a primary packaging composed of a glass vial and rubber stopper.