bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality after admission for heart failure in the UK compared with Japan
Authors: Nagai Toshiyuki , Sundaram Varun , Rothnie Kieran , Quint Jennifer Kathleen , Shoaib Ahmad , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Piper Susan , McDonagh Theresa A , Hardman Suzanna Marie C , Goda Ayumi , Mizuno Atsushi , Kohno Takashi , Rigby Alan S , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Clark Andrew L , Anzai Toshihisa , Cleland John G F 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveMortality amongst patients hospitalised for heart failure (HHF) in Western and Asian countries may differ, but this has not been investigated using individual patient-level data (IPLD). We sought to remedy this through rigorous statistical analysis of HHF registries and variable selection from a systematic literature review.Methods and resultsIPLD from registries of HHF in Japan (n=3781) and the UK (n=894) were obtained. A systematic literature review identified 23 models for predicting outcome of HHF. Five variables appearing in 10 or more reports were strongly related to prognosis (systolic blood pressure, serum sodium concentration, age, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine). To compare mortality in the UK and Japan, variables were imputed in a propensity model using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and IPTW with logistic regression (doubly robust IPTW). Overall, patients in the UK were sicker and in-patient and post-discharge mortalities were greater, suggesting that the threshold for hospital admission was higher. Covariate-adjusted in-hospital mortality was similar in the UK and Japan (IPTW OR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.86), but 180-day postdischarge mortality was substantially higher in the UK (doubly robust IPTW OR: 2.33, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.43).ConclusionsDespite robust methods to adjust for differences in patient characteristics and disease severity, HHF patients in the UK have roughly twice the mortality at 180 days compared with those in Japan. Similar analyses should be done using other data sets and in other countries to determine the consistency of these findings and identify factors that might inform healthcare policy and improve outcomes.
Comparative early outcomes of tricuspid Valve repair versus replacement for secondary tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Berzingi Chalak , Kowatli Amer , Alqahtani Fahad , Badhwar Vinay 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundComparative outcome data on tricuspid valve repair (TVr) versus tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) for severe secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are limited.MethodsWe used a national inpatient sample to assess in-hospital morbidity and mortality, length of stay and cost in patients with severe secondary TR undergoing isolated TVr versus TVR.ResultsA total of 1364 patients (national estimate=6757) underwent isolated tricuspid valve surgery during the study period, of whom 569 (41.7%) had TVr and 795 (58.3%) had TVR. There was no difference in the prevalence of major morbidities between the two groups, except for liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis, which were more common in the TVR group. Before propensity matching, in-hospital mortality was similar between patients who underwent isolated TVr and TVR (8.1% vs 10.8%, p=0.093), but the incidence of postoperative morbidities differed: TVR was associated with higher rates of permanent pacemaker implantation and blood transfusion, while TVr was associated with more acute kidney injury. After rigorous propensity score matching, TVR was associated with significantly higher rates of in-hospital death (12% vs 6.9%, p=0.009) and permanent pacemaker implantation (33.7% vs 11.2%, p<0.001). Postoperative morbidities and length of stay, however, were not different between the two groups. Nonetheless, cost of hospitalisation was 16% higher in the TVr group.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing isolated surgery for secondary TR, TVR is associated with higher in-hospital mortality and need for permanent pacemaker compared with TVr. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of the type of surgery on the short-term and long-term mortality in this complex undertreated population.
Postharvest quality implications of preharvest treatments applied to enhance Ambrosia™ apple red blush colour at harvest
Authors: Toivonen Peter M.A. , Lu Changwen , Stoochnoff Jared 
Published: September 2018

Two approaches for enhancing red blush in Ambrosia™ apple were evaluated: (i) reflective row covers or (ii) application of foliar phosphorus-rich sprays, both applied several weeks before anticipated harvest. Two experiments were conducted, the first to evaluate a white reflective row cover versus foliar phosphorus spray, and the second to evaluate two types of reflective row cover, one made of a woven white polyethylene sheet and the other a solid silvered Mylar®. The comparative effects of these preharvest treatments on at-harvest fruit quality and quality after storage were assessed in both experiments. It was determined that foliar phosphorus sprays or one of the two types of reflective row covers resulted in similar enhancement of red blush colour, with no negative effects on at-harvest quality. However, in the first experiment it was found that after 8 mo of controlled-atmosphere storage (1 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 at 0.5 °C), apples from the phosphorus foliar spray treatment developed greasiness and sooty blotch compared with those from the reflective row cover or control treatments. In the second experiment, after 5 mo of air storage at 0.5 °C, the apples from the silvered Mylar® reflective row cover treatment developed severe soft scald and soggy breakdown compared with the control and white reflective row cover treatments, which developed lower or very slight incidence of soft scald, respectively, and no soggy breakdown. These results indicate that when preharvest treatments are applied to apples, post-storage quality effects should be evaluated.
The Genetic Landscape and Clonal Evolution of Breast Cancer Resistance to Palbociclib plus Fulvestrant in the PALOMA-3 Trial
Authors: O'Leary Ben , Cutts Rosalind J. , Liu Yuan , Hrebien Sarah , Huang Xin , Fenwick Kerry , André Fabrice , Loibl Sibylle , Loi Sherene , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Cristofanilli Massimo , Huang Bartlett Cynthia , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCDK4/6 inhibition with endocrine therapy is now a standard of care for advanced estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance have been described preclinically, with limited evidence from clinical samples. We conducted paired baseline and end-of-treatment circulating tumor DNA sequencing from 195 patients in the PALOMA-3 randomized phase III trial of palbociclib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant. We show that clonal evolution occurs frequently during treatment, reflecting substantial subclonal complexity in breast cancer that has progressed after prior endocrine therapy. RB1 mutations emerged only in the palbociclib plus fulvestrant arm and in a minority of patients (6/127, 4.7%, P = 0.041). New driver mutations emerged in PIK3CA (P = 0.00069) and ESR1 after treatment in both arms, in particular ESR1 Y537S (P = 0.0037). Evolution of driver gene mutations was uncommon in patients progressing early on palbociclib plus fulvestrant but common in patients progressing later on treatment. These findings inform future treatment strategies to address resistance to palbociclib plus fulvestrant.Significance: Acquired mutations from fulvestrant are a major driver of resistance to fulvestrant and palbociclib combination therapy. ESR1 Y537S mutation promotes resistance to fulvestrant. Clonal evolution results in frequent acquisition of driver mutations in patients progressing late on therapy, which suggests that early and late progression have distinct mechanisms of resistance. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1390–403. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Schiff and Jeselsohn, p. 1352.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333
Fazendo cócegas nas tradições
Authors: Dunn Christopher 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo investiga o trabalho de Tom Zé em relação à tradição do samba, enfocando principalmente três discos concebidos como “estudos”: Estudando o samba (1976), Estudando o pagode (2005) e Estudando a bossa (2008). Com base na leitura atenta das letras de algumas canções selecionadas e na análise de aspectos formais de sua música, este estudo busca compreender as estratégias experimentais que ele empregou para abordar criticamente a tradição da música brasileira. Propomos o termo “samba disjuntivo” para caracterizar seus experimentos com ritmo, harmonia, poética e performance que combinam inovação musical com crítica social.
Um mapa das relações entre o rap das periferias de São Paulo e o samba
Authors: Garcia Walter 
Published: September 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo mapear as relações que o rap produzido na cidade de São Paulo estabeleceu, desde a década de 1990, com o samba. Em perspectiva interdisciplinar, o mapa apresenta e discute sete pontos: 1) a importância do samba para a formação musical de MCs e DJs; 2) a presença do samba e do rap em bailes black e, posteriormente, em gravadoras que se originaram de equipes que organizavam estes bailes; 3) a função política e social da música nos momentos de lazer de bairros periféricos; 4) canções que buscaram fundir rap e samba em suas formas; 5) canções e discos que buscaram justapor rap e samba, o que tornou mais evidentes as diferenças; 6) conflitos entre o rap e o samba atravessados por questões de etnia, de ideologia, de mercado ou de gênero; 7) a noção de que o pagode e o rap construíram juntos uma identidade masculina negra periférica.
Entrada dos Palmitos
Authors: Mariano Neusa de Fátima 
Published: September 2018

Homenagens festivas ao Espírito Santo têm sido realizadas desde o século XIV, em Portugal, por devoção da Rainha Dona Isabel, e tornaram-se tradição também no Brasil com o processo de colonização. Em Mogi das Cruzes é possível encontrar no cortejo conhecido como Entrada dos Palmitos alguns aspectos que podem ser considerados pagãos e que remetem às antigas maias europeias. Há ainda a comensalidade, que traduz tanto a fartura das festas antigas como o sagrado da religiosidade católica. A análise caminha no sentido de compreender a Festa do Divino como espaço de representação e as manifestações originariamente pagãs que dela emergem, como resistência do popular, em meio à reivindicação da emancipação da sociedade.
A indisciplina de Fernanda Arêas Peixoto
Authors: Ramassote Rodrigo , Sobral Luís Felipe 
Published: September 2018

A publicação de A viagem como vocação, apresentado originalmente em 2012 como tese de livre-docência ao Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), representa, a um só tempo, uma retomada e um aprofundamento de temas, autores e questões teórico-metodológicas que pontilham a trajetória intelectual a antropóloga Fernanda Arêas Peixoto. Desde a sua dissertação de mestrado, Estrangeiros no Brasil: a Missão Francesa na Universidade de São Paulo (MASSI, 1991), orientada por Mariza Corrêa, defendida em 1991 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) e nunca editada na íntegra, mas parcialmente publicada em capítulos de livro e artigos de periódicos, Peixoto tem se preocupado com a circulação e o intercâmbio de paradigmas intelectuais, práticas científicas, pesquisadores e acordos de cooperação técnica que articulam redes acadêmicas transatlânticas envolvendo o Brasil e tradições intelectuais estrangeiras – notadamente a da França e a dos EUA.
The Generalized Low-Quality Syndrome
Authors: Zafirovski Milan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper identifies and analyzes what it denotes the generalized low-quality syndrome of the US economy compared with other advanced economies in light of its recent and continuing quality problems. It first posits and demonstrates the existence of the generalized low-quality syndrome in the US economy presenting certain aggregate and specific indicators. Then it explores the effective or possible causes and explanations of the generalized low-quality syndrome, such as the exceptional structural-institutional properties and outcomes of the US economy. In general, the paper finds and infers that the overarching factor and predictor of the generalized low-quality syndrome of products, especially manufactured durable goods, is the structural property of the US economy and in extension the quality of life in American society in comparative sociological perspective by being compared to other Western societies.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination
Authors: Lau Holning 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLaws concerning sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) have undergone a sea change. Still, legal protections against SOGI discrimination vary widely around the world. As jurisdictions wrestle with whether and how to protect people against SOGI discrimination, several conceptual questions emerge. This Brill volume reviews and discusses legal developments and scholarly commentary concerning these questions. Specifically, this volume examines the following five questions: (1) Is SOGI discrimination encompassed by existing laws prohibiting discrimination based on sex? (2) Should sexual orientation and gender identity be considered protected categories in and of themselves? (3) Is there a standard sequence of steps for developing legal protections against SOGI discrimination? (4) What are the drawbacks of developing SOGI discrimination protections? (5) To what extent should religious objections justify exemptions from SOGI discrimination bans?
Substance Use in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the T1D Exchange
Authors: Petry Nancy M. , Foster Nicole C. , Cengiz Eda , Tamborlane William V. , Wagner Julie , Polsky Sarit 
Published: September 2018

Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate frequency of use and problem use of psychoactive substances in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Design and Methods Standardized instruments for assessing tobacco, alcohol, and other psychoactive substance use were emailed to 4311 adult participants at 69 T1D Exchange Registry Exchange Registry centers. A total of 936 respondents (61% female, 90% non-Hispanic white, age 38 ± 16 years) completed the survey. Results In the sample, 166 (18%) reported past-year use of tobacco and 51 (5%) reported daily use. Past-year alcohol use was reported by 742 (79%) participants, past-month use by 592 (63%), and daily/near-daily use by 87 (9%); 174 (19%) were classified as binge drinkers and 93 (11%) as problem drinkers. Nonprescription use of another psychoactive substance in the past year was reported by 228 (24%), with 167 (18%) indicating they used marijuana, 67 (7%) opioids, 45 (5%) sedatives, and 37 (4%) stimulants. Past-year problem use of these substances was noted in 31 (3%) respondents. Conclusions Adults with T1D in the United States use substances at rates that meet or exceed the general population; problematic use occurs at rates similar to the general population. These data delineate the need to inquire about regular, intermittent, and problematic use of nicotine and other substances in individuals with T1D. A better understanding of the impact of moderate and occasional use of substances on T1D management and clinical outcomes is needed.
Circadian Dysregulation: The Next Frontier in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Authors: von Allmen Douglas C. , Francey Lauren J. , Rogers Garrett M. , Ruben Marc D. , Cohen Aliza P. , Wu Gang , Schmidt Robert E. , Ishman Stacey L. , Amin Raouf S. , Hogenesch John B. , Smith David F. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo review the effects of the circadian clock on homeostasis, the functional interaction between the circadian clock and hypoxia‐inducible factors, and the role of circadian dysregulation in the progression of cardiopulmonary disease in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesThe MEDLINE database was accessed through PubMed.Review MethodsA general review is presented on molecular pathways disrupted in OSA, circadian rhythms and the role of the circadian clock, hypoxia signaling, crosstalk between the circadian and hypoxia systems, the role of the circadian clock in cardiovascular disease, and implications for practice. Studies included in this State of the Art Review demonstrate the potential contribution of the circadian clock and hypoxia in animal models or human disease.ConclusionsMolecular crosstalk between the circadian clock and hypoxia‐inducible factors has not been evaluated in disease models of OSA.Implications for PracticePediatric OSA is highly prevalent and, if left untreated, may lead to cardiopulmonary sequelae. Changes in inflammatory markers that normally demonstrate circadian rhythmicity are also seen among patients with OSA. Hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors interact with core circadian clock transcription factors; however, the interplay between these pathways has not been elucidated in the cardiopulmonary system. This gap in knowledge hinders our ability to identify potential biomarkers of OSA and develop alternative therapeutic strategies. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which OSA impinges on clock function and the impact of clock dysregulation on the cardiopulmonary system may lead to future advancements for the care of patients with OSA. The aim of this review is to shed light on this important clinical topic.
Trauma and Injury Severity Score modification for predicting survival of trauma in one regional emergency medical center in Korea: Construction of Trauma and Injury Severity Score coefficient model
Authors: Kang In Hye , Lee Kang Hyun , Youk Hyun , Lee Jeong Il , Lee Hee Young , Bae Keum Seok 
Published: September 2018

Background: The problem that is central to trauma research is the prediction of survival rate after trauma. Trauma and Injury Severity Score is being used for predicting survival rate after trauma. Many countries have conducted a study on the classification, characteristics of variables, and the validity of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score model. However, few investigations have been made on the characteristics of coefficients or variables related to Trauma and Injury Severity Score in Korea. Objectives: There is a need for coefficient analysis of Trauma and Injury Severity Score which was created based on the United States database to be optimized for the situation in Korea. Methods: This study examined how the currently used Trauma and Injury Severity Score coefficients were developed and created for trauma patients visiting the emergency department in a hospital in Korea using the analytical method. A total of 34,340 trauma patients who were hospitalized into an emergency center from January 2012 to December 2014 for 3 years were analyzed with trauma registry established on August 2006. Results: Trauma and Injury Severity Score coefficients were transformed with the methods that were used to make the existing Trauma and Injury Severity Score coefficients using the trauma patients’ data. Regression coefficients (B) were drawn by building up a logistic regression analysis model that used variables such as Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, and age depending on survival with Trauma and Injury Severity Score. Conclusion: With regard to Trauma and Injury Severity Score established in the United States differing from Korea in injury types, it seems possible to realize significant survival rate by deriving coefficients with data in Korea and reanalyzing them.
Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations with Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate
Authors: Karimi Ebrahim , Jafari Mehrdad , Aghazadeh Keyvan , Sohrabpour Saeed , Tavakolnejad Fatemeh 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to discuss the clinical outcomes and complications of treating venous malformations with sclerotherapy, with sodium tetradecyl sulfate as the sclerosing agent.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingAmiralam Hospital—a referral otolaryngology–head and neck surgery hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Subjects and MethodsA total of 345 patients with venous malformations were treated with sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3% (1 mL for every 1 cm3 of the lesion). The venous malformation location, treatments before the current sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate, the number of sclerotherapy sessions, and complications resulting from sclerotherapy were recorded. Follow‐up assessments were done for a minimum of 1 year following the procedure. A favorable outcome was defined as a 50% decrease in the lesion size based on clinical and radiologic assessments.ResultsA total of 759 injection sessions were documented, ranging from 1 to 6 injections per patient (mean = 3.1). The follow‐up duration ranged from 12 to 84 months (mean = 55 months). Based on clinical assessment, a 50% reduction of size was reported for 95.6% of the patients. According to the imaging before and after the procedures, a 50% reduction of size was seen among 67.3% of the patients.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate as a sclerosing substance can effectively reduce the size of venous malformation lesions.
How I treat the older adult with sickle cell disease
Authors: Thein Swee Lay , Howard Jo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith increasing survival, cumulative complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), which develop insidiously over time, are becoming more apparent and common in older patients, particularly those in their fifth decade and beyond. The older patient is also more likely to develop other age-related nonsickle conditions that interact and add to the disease morbidity. A common misconception is that any symptom in a SCD patient is attributable to their SCD and this may lead to delays in diagnosis and appropriate intervention. We recommend regular comprehensive reviews and monitoring for early signs of organ damage and a low threshold for the use of hydroxyurea and blood transfusions as preventative measures for end-organ disease. Treatable comorbidities and acute deterioration should be managed aggressively. Although the primary goal in management of the older adult with SCD is improving anemia and minimizing organ damage, the time has come for us to be more proactive in considering curative therapies previously offered to the younger patient. Curative or experimental interventions should be discussed early, before complications render the patients ineligible for these treatments.