bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact allergy to isothiazolinones epidemic: Current situation
Authors: Magdaleno‐Tapial Jorge , Valenzuela‐Oñate Cristian , Ortiz‐Salvador José M. , García‐Legaz‐Martínez Marta , Martínez‐Domenech Álvaro , Alonso‐Carpio Miriam , Sierra Talamantes Concepción , Zaragoza‐Ninet María G. , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince 2009, an increasing number of published cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from isothiazolinones in Europe was observed, amounting to an epidemic. However, only few studies have assessed the current situation after changes in European regulation.ObjectivesTo analyze the incidence of isothiazolinone‐related ACD in our area in the last decade.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed all patients patch tested in the allergy unit in a tertiary hospital in Spain between January 2010 and June 2019. Positive patch‐test reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) and/or MI alone were recorded.ResultsA total of 243 patients (9.55%) with positive patch‐test reactions to MCI/MI and/or MI alone among 2544 consecutively patch‐tested patients were recorded. An initial increase in the prevalence of MCI/MI allergy was observed, from 4.5% in 2010 reaching a peak in 2015, which was followed by a significant decrease until July 2019 with 3.1% prevalence in 2019.ConclusionsAs shown in our data, regulatory interventions have resulted in a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of MCI and MI ACD, reaching a pre‐epidemic level of 3.1% in 2019.
Knowing who knows: Metacognitive and causal learning abilities guide infants’ selective social learning
Authors: Kuzyk Olivia , Grossman Shawna , Poulin‐Dubois Diane 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGiven the widespread interest in the development of children's selective social learning, there is mounting evidence suggesting that infants prefer to learn from competent informants (Poulin‐Dubois & Brosseau‐Liard, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2016, 25). However, little research has been dedicated to understanding how this selectivity develops. The present study investigated whether causal learning and precursor metacognitive abilities govern discriminant learning in a classic word‐learning paradigm. Infants were exposed to a speaker who accurately (reliable condition) or inaccurately (unreliable condition) labeled familiar objects and were subsequently tested on their ability to learn a novel word from the informant. The predictive power of causal learning skills and precursor metacognition (as measured through decision confidence) on infants' word learning was examined across both reliable and unreliable conditions. Results suggest that infants are more inclined to accept an unreliable speaker's testimony on a word learning task when they also lack confidence in their own knowledge on a task measuring their metacognitive ability. Additionally, when uncertain, infants draw on causal learning abilities to better learn the association between a label and a novel toy. This study is the first to shed light on the role of causal learning and precursor metacognitive judgments in infants' abilities to engage in selective trust.
Special care dentistry trainee views on the medical and oral medicine elements of the specialist training curriculum
Authors: Atkin Philip A. , Cunningham Adele , Andrews Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionSpecialty training curricula are subject to periodic update, and trainee views are an important element in identifying which areas need particular focus. In this study, we wished to examine specialty trainee opinions on two areas of a curriculum for special care dentistry, in particular oral medicine, and the component elements of related systemic disease and therapies (RSDT), namely pathology, pharmacology and therapeutics, and human systemic disease.Materials and methodsFollowing ethical approval, we identified 35 specialty registrars in special care dentistry in the UK and Ireland who were invited to use an online survey tool to gather demographic data and then to ask their views on the delivery of training in oral medicine and RSDT. Respondents were also asked whether sufficient importance was placed on these topics and whether they could be accessed and delivered appropriately.ResultsThe 23 registrars surveyed comprised a representative group from all parts of the UK and Ireland and were at different stages of specialty training. The majority thought oral medicine and RSDT were key elements of the curriculum and could be given more prominence, especially in the context of an increasingly ageing population with associated oral manifestations of chronic disease, multiple drugs and disabilities.Discussion and conclusionThe registrars surveyed felt that oral medicine and RSDT and were integral to training and that emphasis and opportunities for training in these areas could be improved, especially for those trainees based outside of a dental hospital setting.
MarCHGen: A framework for generating a malware concept hierarchy
Authors: Nguyen Thien Binh , Tran Cong Doi , Quan Thanh Tho , Nguyen Minh Hai , Le Tuan Anh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutomatic classification of virus instances into a concept hierarchy has been attracting much attention from malware research community. However, it is definitely not a trivial work, because malwares usually come in binary forms whose actions are complicated and obfuscated. Therefore, the typical data mining approaches based on feature extraction are not easily applied. In this paper, we tackle this problem by introducing a framework known as MarCHGen (Malware Concept Hierarchy Generation). In this framework, we first apply virus logical concept analysis, which incorporates formal concept analysis with temporal logic to capture malware behaviours and generalize a virus concept lattice accordingly. Second, we propose an on‐the‐fly conceptual clustering technique to generate a malware concept hierarchy. In the MarCHGen framework, the malware concept hierarchy will be monitored by the prelarge data set management technique to avoid reclustering several times unnecessarily. Our approach has been applied in a real data set of virus, and promising experimental results have been acquired.
Long‐term variation in the abundance of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the Yellow Sea in the western North Pacific and its relation to climate over the past 590 years
Authors: Li Haoyu , Yang Shu , Tang Qisheng , Zhou Xin , Sun Yao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA qualitative understanding of the long‐term variation in the population dynamics of Yellow Sea (YS) herring is particularly important for clarifying the evolutionary processes and driving mechanisms of the YS large marine ecosystem. Unfortunately, because of a lack of long‐term, continuous, and simultaneous monitoring data, the specific driving processes and mechanisms of climate effects on the population dynamics of YS herring remain largely unknown. In response to this scientific issue, we preliminarily propose the idea of reconstructing long‐term changes in YS herring abundance over the past 590 years (AD 1417–2004) based on historical documents and attempt to explore the impacts of climate on the population. Our results show that YS herring abundance maintained at a relatively high level from AD 1417 to 1870 (during the Little Ice Age); in contrast, the population declined significantly from AD 1870 to 2004 at different rates. In addition, we also found that there were strong relationships between the population abundance of YS herring and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and drought/flood cycles. We suggest that the fluctuations in YS herring abundance may be influenced by ocean–climatic circulation shifts throughout the North Pacific, especially the PDO.
Clinical evaluation of bleeds and response to haemostatic treatment in patients with acquired haemophilia: A global expert consensus statement
Authors: Tiede Andreas , Giangrande Paul , Teitel Jerome , Amano Kagehiro , Benson Gary , Nemes László , Jiménez‐Yuste Victor , d'Oiron Roseline , Benchikh El Fegoun Soraya , Kessler Craig M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcquired haemophilia (AH) is a rare bleeding disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Most patients initially present to physicians without experience of the disease, delaying diagnosis and potentially worsening outcomes. Existing guidance in AH is limited to clinical opinion of few experts and does not address monitoring bleeds in specific anatomical locations.AimDerive consensus from a large sample of experts around the world in monitoring bleeding patients with AH.MethodsUsing the Delphi methodology, a structured survey, designed to derive consensus on how to monitor bleeding patients with AH, was developed by a steering committee for completion by a group of haematologists with an interest in AH. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement with a given survey statement. After three rounds of survey refinement, a final list of consensus statements was compiled.ResultsThirty‐six global specialists in AH participated. The participants spanned 20 countries and had treated a median of 12.0 (range, 1‐50) patients with AH within the preceding 5 years. Consensus was achieved in all items after three survey rounds. In addition to statements on general management of bleeding patients, consensus statements in the following areas were presented: urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, muscles, skin, joints, nose, pharynx, mouth, intracranial and postpartum.ConclusionsHere, we present consensus statements derived from a broad sample of global specialists to address monitoring of location‐specific bleeds and evaluating efficacy of bleeding treatment in patients with AH. These statements could be applied in practice by treating physicians and validated by individual population surveys.
A multicentre, open‐label study of emicizumab given every 2 or 4 weeks in children with severe haemophilia A without inhibitors
Authors: Shima Midori , Nogami Keiji , Nagami Sayaka , Yoshida Seitaro , Yoneyama Koichiro , Ishiguro Akira , Suzuki Takashi , Taki Masashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a recombinant humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody mimicking the cofactor function of activated factor VIII.AimIn this multicentre, open‐label study (HOHOEMI), we evaluated the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of emicizumab in Japanese paediatric patients aged <12 years with severe haemophilia A without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors.MethodsEmicizumab was administered subcutaneously, with four loading doses of 3 mg/kg every week followed by maintenance doses of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W) in 6 and 7 patients, respectively.ResultsAll patients completed at least 24 weeks of treatment. Baseline ages ranged from 4 months to 10 years, and all patients had been treated with FVIII prophylaxis prior to enrolment except a 4‐month‐old patient untreated with FVIII previously. In the respective Q2W and Q4W cohorts, 2/6 and 5/7 patients experienced no treated bleeding events, and annualized bleeding rates for treated bleeding events were 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6‐2.9) and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.2‐2.6). All caregivers preferred emicizumab to the patient's previous treatment. Only one related adverse event (injection site reaction) was observed. There were no thromboembolic events or thrombotic microangiopathy. Individual trough plasma concentrations of emicizumab were within the variability observed in preceding adult/adolescent studies. All patients tested negative for anti‐emicizumab antibodies.ConclusionsEmicizumab administered Q2W or Q4W was efficacious and safe in paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A without inhibitors. This study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.jp (JapicCTI‐173710).
Public Attitudes and the Chinese Migrants in Central‐Eastern Europe
Authors: Liu Amy H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Chinese are one of the largest migrant groups in Central‐Eastern Europe. While governments have welcomed these newcomers, we do not know whether locals share this sentiment. This is because we have not had the requisite data. In this article, I address this shortcoming. I draw on two oft‐cited explanations in the migration literature to examine public attitudes toward the Chinese. The first is about competition over scarce economic resources; the second is about conflicts between two distinct cultures. Using two different survey samples, I find strong evidence to corroborate the second hypothesis. Attitudes toward the Chinese are generally negative when the aggregate Chinese population is large. Public discourse (i.e., passive contact) reinforces cultural stereotypes. There is, however, a caveat: An increasing Chinese presence in a person's neighbourhood (i.e., active contact) can offset these negative effects. As the spatial gap between the two cultures closes, the social ones correspondingly narrow.
Nurse and midwife researcher collaboration in eastern sub‐Saharan Africa: a social network analysis
Authors: Cato K.D. , Sun C. , Dohrn J. , Ferng Y.‐h. , Klopper H.C. , Larson E. 
Published: September 2019

AimTo investigate the collaborative networks among expert clinical nurse and midwifery researchers in eastern and southern Africa.MethodsThirty‐eight clinical nurse and midwifery researchers completed an online survey to analyse collaboration between respondents. Data were analysed using social network analysis, generating a network map and associated measurements.ResultsRegional collaboration was poor. Those links that did exist centred on geographic proximity and participation in regional and international organizations.ConclusionThese results help us to understand better ways to strengthen and support nursing and midwifery clinical research in eastern and southern Africa.Implications for nursing policyClinical nursing and midwifery research capacity building efforts should focus on supporting collaboration networks among individuals and institutions in the region.
Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases: A double‐blinded placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Wlosinska Martine , Nilsson Ann‐Christin , Hlebowicz Joanna , Malmsjö Malin , Fakhro Mohammed , Lindstedt Sandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLaser Doppler velocimetry estimates tissue perfusion providing a record of microvascular blood flow. Patients with heart disease or diabetes mellitus have impaired microvascular perfusion leading to impaired wound healing. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has a positive effect on vascular elasticity. This study aimed to assess the effect of long‐term treatment with AGE on cutaneous tissue perfusion. A total of 122 patients with Framingham Risk Score ≥ 10 were randomised in a double‐blinded manner to placebo or 2400 mg AGE daily for 1 year and monitored. Cutaneous microcirculation was measured at 0 and 12 months using laser Doppler velocimetry. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Greenhouse–Geisser correction determined that mean post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia differed significantly between time points. The mean percent change between the two time points 0 and 12 months was 102, 64 (174, 15)% change for AGE and 78, 62 (107, 92)% change for the placebo group (F[1, 120] = 5. 95, P < 0.016), 12 months of AGE increases the microcirculation in patients with an increased risk for cardiovascular events estimated using the Framingham risk score. Increased microcirculation could hypothetically facilitate wound healing.
Ultra‐low fired fluoride composite microwave dielectric ceramics and their application for BaCuSi2O6‐based LTCC
Authors: Song Xiao‐Qiang , Lei Wen , Zhou Yan‐Yan , Chen Tao , Ta Shi‐Wo , Fu Zhen‐Xiao , Lu Wen‐Zhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA total of 14 fluoride composite ceramics were prepared through solid‐state method and their microwave dielectric properties were investigated. Among the fluoride composite ceramics, 0.36LiF–0.39MgF2–0.25SrF2 (LMS) had the lowest sintering temperature (600°C) and presented a dielectric constant (εr) of 6.24 ± 0.05, a quality factor (Q × f) of 33 274 ± 900 GHz, and a temperature coefficient resonant frequency (τf) of −86.74 ± 8 ppm/°C. As the LMS ceramic had a low melting point (646°C), it can be used as sintering aid for LTCC applications. The sintering temperature of BaCuSi2O6 decreased from 1050°C to 875°C with 2 wt% LMS doped and excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr = 8.16 ± 0.04, Q × f = 24 351 ± 300 GHz, and τf = −9.74 ± 1 ppm/°C were obtained. Moreover, BaCuSi2O6‐2 wt% LMS can be co‐fired with Ag powders, which makes it a potential new candidate for LTCC applications.
Evaluation and predictive modeling of the effect of chitosan and gamma irradiation on quality of stored chilled chicken meat
Authors: Bhoir Shraddha A. , Jhaveri Mitali , Chawla Surinder P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe development and validation of mathematical model for predicting shelf life of minced chicken meat processed with chitosan (0.1%), gamma irradiation (0.5 kGy), or their combinations during chilled storage are presented. The samples were evaluated for their microbial and chemical qualities at regular intervals. The total viable count (TVC) reduced from 5.92 log (CFU/g) in untreated samples to 5.39, 5.28, and 4.76 log (CFU/g) in the samples treated with irradiation, chitosan, or both, respectively. Samples treated with both radiation and chitosan remained microbiologically safe till Day 14. Statistically significant difference in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble protein content among different treatment groups was observed after 11 days. The results obtained were fitted in Gompertz (TVC) and second‐order polynomial (TBARS and TCA soluble protein) function. This model enables variable labeling of “best before date,” thus ensuring acceptable chemical parameters along with the microbial safety of chicken meat, both of which depend largely on the initial conditions of meat.Practical ApplicationThe present study reports the mathematical models obtained to estimate the microbial and chemical qualities of minced chicken treated with 0.5 kGy of gamma irradiation, 0.1% chitosan, and their combination. The shelf life is partly determined by the initial quality of the chicken; hence, its consideration while estimating the shelf life is valuable. The models reported will enable variable labeling of “best before date” on the basic of initial quality. This will reduce the economic loss caused due to rejection of products of acceptable quality.
CXCR5+CD4+ T cell subsets and their relationship to immune dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B‐associated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Xu Wen , Xie Yang‐xin , Chen Wei‐wei , Zhao Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHepatitis B‐associated liver cirrhosis (HBC) leads to profound alterations of immune systems, especially disruptions of B cell immune responses. CXCR5+CD4+ T cells (including T follicular helper [Tfh] cells and T follicular regulatory [Tfr] cells) are responsible for the regulation of B cell functions. The aim of this study was to dissect the roles of CXCR5+CD4+ T cell subset in B cell disruption caused by HBC.MethodsForty‐one patients with HBC and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. ELISA, flow cytometric analysis, and cell coculture were performed to analyze the properties of Tfh and Tfr.ResultsWe observed significantly decreased memory B cells and increased plasma B cells in HBC patients, as well as significant upregulation of lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 in plasma of decompensated HBCs patients. The downregulation of Tfh17 was observed in HBC patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis compared with those without. The decrease of Tfh17 was paralleled with Child–Pugh grade and negatively correlated with plasma B cells and soluble CD14 in HBC patients. Interleukin (IL)‐21+Tfh of HBC patients was also downregulated compared with healthy controls, and it was positively correlated with memory B cells and the upregulation of IL‐10+Tfr. It was then revealed that Tfr could inhibit the secretion of IL‐21 by Tfh, and the blocking of IL‐10 could diminish this effect.ConclusionsThe changes of the frequency and function of Tfh and Tfr may play an important role in disease progression and immune dysfunction of HBC.
The health needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Shmerling Eli , Creati Mick , Belfrage Mary , Hedges Susan 
Published: September 2019

AimChildren in statutory out‐of‐home care (OOHC) are known to have poorer physical, developmental and mental health outcomes compared with their peers. The number of children in OOHC is increasing in Australia, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children disproportionately represented. To document the health needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents in OOHC attending the paediatric service at the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service (VAHS) between February 2014 and February 2016.MethodsThe electronic medical records of all patients in OOHC seen by a paediatrician at VAHS between February 2014 and February 2016 were audited. Demographic data, including age and type of OOHC placement, were recorded, as were their health needs.ResultsOf the 200 children seen by a paediatrician over this 2‐year period, 103 were identified as being in OOHC for all or some of this same period: 43 in foster care, 8 in residential care and 52 in kinship care. Of the 103 children, 35 were <6 years of age, 51 between 6 and 13 years and 17 between 13 and 18 years; 66% were identified as having mental health problems, 37% hearing problems, 34% vision problems, 40% dental caries and 46% developmental delay including 36% with speech delay.ConclusionsAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in OOHC seen by the paediatric service at VAHS have high rates of physical, developmental and psychological health needs. These data have significant potential to inform government policy and investment in effective models of care to better meet the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in OOHC.