bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in cellular lipid metabolism produce neutral lipid accumulation following exposure to the organochlorine compound trans‐nonachlor in rat primary hepatocytes
Authors: Howell George Eli , McDevitt Erin , Henein Lucie , Mulligan Charlee , Young Darian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent epidemiological studies have revealed significant positive associations between exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides and occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and there are a growing number of animal‐based studies to support causality. However, the cellular mechanisms linking OC compound exposure and metabolic dysfunction remain elusive. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine if direct exposure to three highly implicated OC compounds promoted hepatic steatosis, the hepatic ramification of the metabolic syndrome. First, the steatotic effect of p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), oxychlordane, and trans‐nonachlor was determined in freshly isolated rat primary hepatocytes. Exposure to trans‐nonachlor significantly increased neutral lipid accumulation as opposed to DDE and oxychlordane. To determine possible mechanisms governing increased fatty acid availability, the effects of trans‐nonachlor exposure on fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride secretion, and fatty acid oxidation were explored. Trans‐nonachlor did not significantly alter fatty acid uptake. However, insulin‐stimulated de novo lipogenesis as well as basal expression of fatty acid synthase, a major regulator of lipogenesis were significantly increased following trans‐nonachlor exposure. Interestingly, there was a significant decrease in fatty acid oxidation following trans‐nonachlor exposure. This decrease in fatty acid oxidation was accompanied by a slight, but significant increase in oleic acid‐induced cellular triglyceride secretion. Therefore, taken together, the present data indicate direct exposure to trans‐nonachlor has a more potent pro‐steatotic effect than exposure to DDE or oxychlordane. This pro‐steatotic effect of trans‐nonachlor appears to be predominately mediated via increased de novo lipogenesis and decreased fatty acid oxidation.
Survival rates and harvest patterns of Ohio‐Banded Canada geese
Authors: Shirkey Brendan T. , Gates Robert J. , Ervin Michael D. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTGrowth of temperate breeding Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) populations remains a challenge for agencies that seek to balance social acceptance with demand for hunting opportunity from constituents. Harvest regulation is the principle means by which federal and state agencies attempt to keep populations in balance with their environment. Band recovery data and aerial surveys are used to monitor populations and evaluate population control efforts. Greater than 140,000 temperate‐breeding Canada geese were banded in Ohio, USA, from 1990 to 2015. We used Brownie dead‐recovery models to estimate survival rates as a function of time, age, urban–rural status, winter weather severity, and hunting regulations. We derived annual direct‐recovery rates by age and urban–rural cohorts. We mapped all recoveries of Ohio‐banded geese to investigate changes in harvest distribution over time. The highest‐ranked model that explained survival of Ohio‐banded geese had urban–rural status, age, and winter weather severity effects. Survival rates were lower during severe winters for adult rural geese, adult urban geese, and hatch‐year urban geese; however, hatch‐year rural geese had greater survival rates during severe winters. Direct recovery rates of all geese remained stable over the duration of the study (1990–2015), and there was a shift eastward in distribution of band recoveries over time. Survival rates of Ohio‐banded Canada geese appear to be largely unaffected by annual harvest regulations. Furthermore, long‐term moderation of winter weather in Ohio could result in increased adult goose survival, requiring additional management actions to temper population growth. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Maybe Next Month? Temperature Shocks and Dynamic Adjustments in Birth Rates
Authors: Barreca Alan , Deschenes Olivier , Guldi Melanie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We estimate the effects of temperature shocks on birth rates in the United States between 1931 and 2010. We find that days with a mean temperature above 80°F cause a large decline in birth rates 8 to 10 months later. Unlike prior studies, we demonstrate that the initial decline is followed by a partial rebound in births over the next few months, implying that populations mitigate some of the fertility cost by shifting conception month. This shift helps explain the observed peak in late-summer births in the United States. We also present new evidence that hot weather most likely harms fertility via reproductive health as opposed to sexual activity. Historical evidence suggests that air conditioning could be used to substantially offset the fertility costs of high temperatures.
A Case of a Complete Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy with a Co-existent Live Fetus
Authors: Aggarwal Aradhana , Singh Chanchal , Sharma Shreyasi , Reddy Apoorva , Kaul Anita 
Published: July 2018

Abstract Complete hydatidiform mole with a co-existent healthy fetus (CHMCF) is a rare occurrence. The estimated incidence is about 1/22,000 to 1/100,000 pregnancies. As CHMCF is often associated with a high risk of pre-eclampsia, hyperthyroidism, bilateral ovarian cysts, intrauterine fetal demise and malignant neoplasia, fetal survival should always be weighed against the risk of complications of molar pregnancy. We report a case of a 35 years-old patient with raised β-hCG levels of 10.2 MoM and sonographic findings suggestive of a molar pregnancy at 15 weeks, who chose to continue the pregnancy after extensive counselling. With close surveillance, we managed to continue the pregnancy till 36 weeks, when the pregnancy was terminated via an elective Caesarean in view of fetal growth restriction with oligohydramnios, cerebral redistribution and previous 2 LSCS. A baby boy weighing 1600 grams was born with an Apgar score of 8, 9. Placental histopathology and microscopy showing large distended and cystic dilated villi with odematous cores was suggestive of a hydatidiform mole confirming our diagnosis of CHMCF.
Stability of blood‐based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease over multiple freeze‐thaw cycles
Authors: Keshavan Ashvini , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Schott Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionFreeze‐thaw instability may contribute to preanalytical variation in blood‐based biomarker studies. We investigated the effects of up to four freeze‐thaw cycles on single molecule array immunoassays of serum neurofilament light chain and plasma total tau, amyloid β 1–40 (Aß40), and Aβ 1–42 (Aβ42).MethodsIndividuals who had peripheral venepuncture during investigation of suspected neurodegenerative disease were recruited. After standardized preprocessing, 200 μL of plasma and serum aliquots were stored at −80°C within 60 minutes. Aliquots underwent one to four freeze‐thaw cycles.ResultsThere was no significant difference across four freeze‐thaw cycles for serum neurofilament light chain (n = 12), plasma total tau (n = 11), or plasma Aβ42 (n = 12). For plasma Aβ40 (n = 14), there were significant median reductions by ratios of .96 and .92 at the third and fourth cycles, respectively.DiscussionUp to four freeze‐thaw cycles do not influence single molecule array blood biomarkers of neurofilament light chain, total tau, or Aβ42, with at most minor reductions in Aβ40.
The boundary integral formulation of Stokes flows includes slender-body theory
Authors: Koens Lyndon , Lauga Eric 
Published: July 2018

The incompressible Stokes equations can classically be recast in a boundary integral (BI) representation, which provides a general method to solve low-Reynolds-number problems analytically and computationally. Alternatively, one can solve the Stokes equations by using an appropriate distribution of flow singularities of the right strength within the boundary, a method that is particularly useful to describe the dynamics of long slender objects for which the numerical implementation of the BI representation becomes cumbersome. While the BI approach is a mathematical consequence of the Stokes equations, the singularity method involves making judicious guesses that can only be justified a posteriori. In this paper, we use matched asymptotic expansions to derive an algebraically accurate slender-body theory directly from the BI representation able to handle arbitrary surface velocities and surface tractions. This expansion procedure leads to sets of uncoupled linear equations and to a single one-dimensional integral equation identical to that derived by Keller & Rubinow (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 75, 1976, p. 705) and Johnson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 99, 1979, p. 411) using the singularity method. Hence, we show that it is a mathematical consequence of the BI approach that the leading-order flow around a slender body can be represented using a distribution of singularities along its centreline. Furthermore, when derived from either the single-layer or the double-layer modified BI representation, general slender solutions are only possible in certain types of flow, in accordance with the limitations of these representations.
Overview Study of Solder Joint Reliablity due to Creep Deformation
Authors: Ramachandran V. , Wu K. C. , Chiang K. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effective lifetimes of electronic packages are affected by various thermos-mechanical deformations. Creep is considered the most salient mechanism in the failure of solder joints. Many researchers have conducted reasonable studies to portray the behavior of creep deformation using numerical models and further extended their research scope to forecast the lifetimes of packages with the results obtained from creep models. Many studies have identified particular creep and lifetime models to be nominal based on experimental data.In this study, the characteristics of familiar creep models were examined in detail, and their significance was made known. Lifetime prediction models that seem prominent among researchers were discussed in detail. Finite element analysis of a wafer level chip-scale package (WLCSP) used to figure out the engagement of different creep models and their capability of materializing creep deformation was investigated via simulation. The results from the simulation were applied to different lifetime prediction models, and their predictions were examined carefully. After considering the various factors that affected the reliability study of the solders, the Garofalo-Arrhenius creep model and modified strain energy density model seemed to be convincingly productive for studying the reliability of various electronic packages.
Cosserat Spectrum of an Axisymmetric Elasticity Problem for a Finite-Length Solid Cylinder
Authors: Tokovyy Yu. V. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAn algorithm for the computation and analysis of the Cosserat spectrum for an axisymmetric elasticity boundary-value problem in a finite-length solid cylinder with boundary conditions in terms of stresses is proposed. By making use of the cross-wise superposition method, the spectral problem is reduced to systems of linear algebraic equations. A solution method for the mentioned systems is presented and the asymptotic behavior of the Cosserat eigenvalues is established. On this basis, the key features of the Cosserat spectrum for the mentioned problem are analyzed with special attention given to the effect of the cylinder aspect ratio.
Dynamics of Water Soil Storage in the Unsaturated Zone of a Sand Dune in a Semi-Arid Region Traced by Humidity and Carbon Isotopes: The Case of Ashdod, Israel
Authors: Carmi Israel , Stiller Mariana , Kronfeld Joel 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTA 22 m sediment core was collected from the unsaturated zone (USZ) in the dunes south of Ashdod, Israel, in a low rainfall year, following an even lower-rainfall year. The mineralogy of was quartz with some clay and carbonate. The local climate is semi-arid. The roots of the sparse vegetation can reach ~8 m. The porosity was ~40–55%. The DIC ranged from 2 to 13 mmole C/L. Large variability is noted in the soil moisture, with a maximum at the high clay region at ~8 m. Oxygen isotopes enter the USZ with rain falling on the surface. There is18O enrichment in the top of the section due to evaporation during the summer. Below this depth δ18O values of ~ –5‰ prevail as in the local aquifer. CO2and the carbon isotopes enter the USZ laterally by exhalation from roots. The δ13C varies from –5‰ to –23‰, representing stages in carbon isotopic fractionation: CO2gasbecomes dissolved CO2aqueouswhich then forms carbonic acid and HCO3–. The high δ13C, Δ14C, and DIC are found at the 8 m depth. These values along with high humidity are replicated at ~22m depth. They most probably represent recharge water from the previous rainy season at 8 m depth subsequently pushed down 12.8±0.8 m during the last winter.
A Pilot of a UK Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Medical Record During a Deployment Training Course
Authors: Jafar Anisa J.N. , Fletcher Rachel J. , Lecky Fiona , Redmond Anthony D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionImproving medical record keeping is a key part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s; Geneva, Switzerland) drive to standardize and evaluate emergency medical team (EMT) response to sudden onset disasters (SODs).ProblemIn response to the WHO initiative, the UK EMT is redeveloping its medical record template in line with the WHO minimum dataset (MDS) for daily reporting. When changing a medical record, it is important to understand how well it functions before it is implemented.MethodsThe redeveloped medical record was piloted at a UK EMT deployment course using simulated patients in order to examine ease of use by practitioners, and rates of data capture for key MDS variables.ResultsSome parts of the form were consistently poorly filled in, and the way in which the form was completed suggested that the flow of the form did not align with the recorder’s natural thought processes when under pressure.Conclusion:Piloting of a single-sheet triplicate medical record during an EMT deployment simulation led to significant modifications to improve data capture and function.Jafar AJN, Fletcher RJ, Lecky F, Redmond AD. A pilot of a UK emergency medical team (EMT) medical record during a deployment training course. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):441–447.
Winter Water Formation in Coastal Polynyas of the Eastern Chukchi Shelf: Pacific and Atlantic Influences
Authors: Hirano Daisuke , Fukamachi Yasushi , Ohshima Kay I. , Watanabe Eiji , Mahoney Andrew R. , Eicken Hajo , Itoh Motoyo , Simizu Daisuke , Iwamoto Katsushi , Jones Joshua , Takatsuka Toru , Kikuchi Takashi , Tamura Takeshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater properties and formation processes of Alaskan Coastal Winter Water (ACWW) over the eastern Chukchi shelf along the Alaska coast, the so‐called Barrow Canyon pathway, are examined using data from moorings, atmospheric reanalysis, satellite‐derived sea‐ice production (SIP), and a numerical tracer experiment. Along this pathway, Pacific Winter Water (PWW) can be modified to produce ACWW through SIP accompanied by production of cold, saline polynya water in the coastal polynyas, upwelling of warm Atlantic Water (AW), and mixing processes on the shelf. Three different types of ACWW are formed: (i) a mixture of AW and PWW, (ii) a mixture of AW and polynya water, and (iii) hypersaline polynya water. The northeasterly winds, correlated with the north‐south atmospheric pressure gradient between Beaufort High and Aleutian Low, are common triggers of polynya SIP episodes and AW upwelling in the Barrow Coastal Polynya (BCP). Due to the dual impact of northeasterly winds, PWW modification processes in the BCP are more complicated than what occurs elsewhere in the Chukchi Polynya. The impact of AW upwelling on the ACWW formation is most prominent in the BCP, usually centered along the coast. All types of ACWW are thought to be basically transported westward or northwestward with the Chukchi slope current and/or Beaufort Gyre and finally contribute to maintenance of the lower halocline layer especially over the Chukchi Borderland, Northwind Ridge, and southern Canada Basin. Even in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, ACWW properties are strongly influenced by both Atlantic‐origin and Pacific‐origin waters.
Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone
Authors: Meyer Dylan W. , Flemings Peter B. , DiCarlo David , You Kehua , Phillips Stephen C. , Kneafsey Timothy J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe form methane hydrate by injecting methane gas into a brine‐saturated, coarse‐grained sample under hydrate‐stable thermodynamic conditions. Hydrate forms to a saturation of 11%, which is much lower than that predicted assuming three‐phase (gas‐hydrate‐brine) thermodynamic equilibrium (67%). During hydrate formation, there are temporary flow blockages. We interpret that a hydrate skin forms a physical barrier at the gas‐brine interface. The skin fails periodically when the pressure differential exceeds the skin strength. Once the skin is present, further hydrate formation is limited by the rate that methane can diffuse through the solid skin. This process produces distinct thermodynamic states on either side of the skin that allows gas to flow through the sample. This study illuminates how gas can be transported through the hydrate stability zone and thus provides a mechanism for the formation of concentrated hydrate deposits in sand reservoirs. It also illustrates that models that assume local equilibrium at the core‐scale and larger may not capture the fundamental behaviors of these gas flow and hydrate formation processes.
Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and Coastal Nitrogen Fluxes on Oxygen Concentrations in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Da Fei , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , St‐Laurent Pierre 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough rivers are the primary source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) inputs to the Chesapeake Bay, direct atmospheric DIN deposition and coastal DIN concentrations on the continental shelf can also significantly influence hypoxia; however, the relative impact of these additional sources of DIN on Chesapeake Bay hypoxia has not previously been quantified. In this study, the estuarine‐carbon‐biogeochemistry model embedded in the Regional‐Ocean‐Modeling‐System (ChesROMS‐ECB) is used to examine the relative impact of these three DIN sources. Model simulations highlight that DIN from the atmosphere has roughly the same impact on hypoxia as the same gram‐for‐gram change in riverine DIN loading, although their spatial and temporal distributions are distinct. DIN concentrations on the continental shelf have a similar overall impact on hypoxia as DIN from the atmosphere (~0.2 mg L−1); however, atmospheric DIN impacts dissolved oxygen (DO) primarily via the decomposition of autochthonous organic matter, whereas coastal DIN concentrations primarily impact DO via the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter entering the Bay mouth from the shelf. The impacts of atmospheric DIN deposition and coastal DIN concentrations on hypoxia are greatest in summer and occur farther downstream (southern mesohaline) in wet years than in dry years (northern mesohaline). Integrated analyses of the relative contributions of all three DIN sources on summer bottom DO indicate that impacts of atmospheric deposition are largest in the eastern mesohaline shoals, riverine DIN has dominant impacts in the largest tributaries and the oligohaline Bay, while coastal DIN concentrations are most influential in the polyhaline region.
An Improved Soil Moisture Parametrization for Regional Climate Simulations in Europe
Authors: Breil M. , Schädler G. , Laube N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new depth‐dependent saturated soil hydraulic conductivity function is implemented in the Regional Climate Model COSMO‐CLM coupled to the Land Surface Model VEG3D (CCLM‐VEG3D), to improve the physical description of soils in regional climate simulations for the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment‐European Domain. This new function is characterized by conductivity values decreasing exponentially with depth, accounting for the reduced pore volume in deeper soil layers. As a result, the new function reduces the soil water amount in the upper soil layers. Thus, less water is available for evapotranspiration and the latent heat fluxes are reduced. In turn, soil heating and the sensible heat fluxes are increased, leading to higher near‐surface temperatures in summer. Because of that, an observed cold bias in CCLM‐VEG3D simulations with a depth‐constant saturated soil hydraulic conductivity function is reduced over large parts of Europe. However, the decreased evapotranspiration results in a reduced cloud cover, which enhances the upward longwave net radiation and the cold bias in winter is getting stronger. But a comparison with observations shows that the new function effectively reduces the mean annual cold bias over almost all of Europe systematically, since the soil moisture‐temperature coupling is strongest in summer. This approach is potentially also an improvement for other Land Surface Models.
Genetic deficiency of NOD2 confers resistance to invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Gresnigt Mark S. , Cunha Cristina , Jaeger Martin , Gonçalves Samuel M. , Malireddi R. K. Subbarao , Ammerdorffer Anne , Lubbers Rosalie , Oosting Marije , Rasid Orhan , Jouvion Grégory , Fitting Catherine , Jong Dirk J. de , Lacerda João F. , Campos António , Melchers Willem J. G. , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , Carvalho Agostinho , Ibrahim-Granet Oumaima , van de Veerdonk Frank L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe infection that can occur in severely immunocompromised patients. Efficient immune recognition ofAspergillusis crucial to protect against infection, and previous studies suggested a role for NOD2 in this process. However, thorough investigation of the impact of NOD2 on susceptibility to aspergillosis is lacking. Common genetic variations inNOD2has been associated with Crohn’s disease and here we investigated the influence of these genetic variations on the anti-Aspergillushost response. A NOD2polymorphism reduced the risk of IA after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Mechanistically, absence of NOD2 in monocytes and macrophages increases phagocytosis leading to enhanced fungal killing, conversely, NOD2 activation reduces the antifungal potential of these cells. Crucially,Nod2deficiency results in resistance toAspergillusinfection in anin vivomodel of pulmonary aspergillosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that genetic deficiency ofNOD2plays a protective role duringAspergillusinfection.
Silver-catalyzed remote Csp3-H functionalization of aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Huang Kaimeng , Pan Jun , Qiu Xu , Luo Xiao , Qin Qixue , Wei Jialiang , Wen Xiaojin , Zhang Lizhi , Jiao Ning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAliphatic alcohols are common and bulk chemicals in organic synthesis. The site-selective functionalization of non-activated aliphatic alcohols is attractive but challenging. Herein, we report a silver-catalyzed δ-selective Csp3-H bond functionalization of abundant and inexpensive aliphatic alcohols. Valuable oximonitrile substituted alcohols are easily obtained by using well-designed sulphonyl reagents under simple and mild conditions. This protocol realizes the challenging δ-selective C–C bond formation of simple alkanols.