bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Distribution of the Bias Corrected Least Squares Estimators in Measurement Error Linear Regression Models Under Long Memory
Authors: Koul Hira L. , Surgailis Donatas 
Published: February 2019

This article derives the consistency and asymptotic distribution of the bias corrected least squares estimators (LSEs) of the regression parameters in linear regression models when covariates have measurement error (ME) and errors and covariates form mutually independent long memory moving average processes. In the structural ME linear regression model, the nature of the asymptotic distribution of suitably standardized bias corrected LSEs depends on the range of the values of where d

X
,d

u
, and d

ε
are the LM parameters of the covariate, ME and regression error processes respectively. This limiting distribution is Gaussian when and non‐Gaussian in the case . In the former case some consistent estimators of the asymptotic variances of these estimators and a log(n)‐consistent estimator of an underlying LM parameter are also provided. They are useful in the construction of the large sample confidence intervals for regression parameters. The article also discusses the asymptotic distribution of these estimators in some functional ME linear regression models, where the unobservable covariate is non‐random. In these models, the limiting distribution of the bias corrected LSEs is always a Gaussian distribution determined by the range of the values of d

ε
− d

u
.
Use of 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography to assess left ventricular systolic function in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Corda Andrea , Pinna Parpaglia Maria Luisa , Sotgiu Giovanni , Zobba Rosanna , Gomez Ochoa Pablo , Prieto Ramos Jorge , French Anne 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEarly identification of systolic dysfunction in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) potentially could improve the outcome and decrease mortality.ObjectiveTo compare 2‐dimensional speckle tracking (2D‐STE) with 2‐dimensional (2D) and M‐mode echocardiography in the evaluation of systolic function in SIRS dogs.AnimalsSeventeen SIRS and 17 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective observational case‐control study. Each dog underwent physical examination, conventional echocardiography, 2D‐STE, and C‐reactive protein measurement.ResultsDogs with SIRS had lower 2D‐STE ejection fraction (X4D‐EF; 44 ± 8 versus 53 ± 8; P = .003), endocardial global longitudinal strain (ENDO‐G‐Long‐St; −14.6 ± 3.2 versus −18.5 ± 4.1; P = .003), and normalized left ventricular diameter in diastole (1.38 ± 0.25 versus 1.54 ± 0.17; P = .04) and systole (0.85 ± 0.18 versus 0.97 ± 0.11; P = .03) as compared to healthy dogs. Simpson method of disks (SMOD) right parasternal EF (55 ± 9 versus 60 ± 6; P = .07) and end systolic volume index (ESVI; 23 ± 10 versus 21 ± 6; P = .61), SMOD left apical EF (59 ± 9 versus 59 ± 6; P = .87) and ESVI (20 ± 8 versus 22 ± 6; P = .25), fractional shortening (FS; 34 ± 5 versus 33 ± 4; P = .39), M‐mode EF (64 ± 7 versus 62 ± 5; P = .35), and ESVI (23 ± 11 versus 30 ± 9; P = .06) were not significantly different between SIRS and control group, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSpeckle tracking X4D‐EF and ENDO‐G‐Long‐St are more sensitive than 2D and M‐Mode FS, EF, and ESVI in detecting systolic impairment in dogs with SIRS.
Seasonal succession of tabanid species in equine infectious anaemia endemic areas of Italy
Authors: De Liberato C. , Magliano A. , Autorino G. L. , Di Domenico M. , Sala M. , Baldacchino F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEquine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a disease with an almost worldwide distribution, with several outbreaks having been reported recently in European countries. In Italy, two regions, Lazio and Abruzzo, are considered as endemic areas for this disease. In nature, the EIA virus is mechanically transmitted by biting flies such as tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae), although few studies have investigated the epidemiological implications. In the present study, several sites characterized by different levels of EIA prevalence were sampled. In sites with high tabanid populations, a seasonal succession of tabanid species with a dual‐peak corresponding to early active species (i.e. in June to July) and late active species (i.e. in August to September) was clearly observed. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between EIA prevalence and tabanid abundance and species richness, suggesting that tabanid diversity might extend the duration of the seasonal transmission period of EIA. Further observations are required to better assess how vector diversity influence EIA transmission.
Natural vertical infection by dengue virus serotype 4, Zika virus and Mayaro virus in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus
Authors: Maia L. M. S. , Bezerra M. C. F. , Costa M. C. S. , Souza E. M. , Oliveira M. E. B. , Ribeiro A. L. M. , Miyazaki R. D. , Slhessarenko R. D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVertical transmission to progeny ensures the maintenance of arboviruses in their natural vectors. This mechanism is largely reported for dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Few studies have addressed this mechanism for Zika virus (ZIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) and other arboviruses. The present study investigated the natural infection rate by arboviruses in 4490 Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and 296 Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) reared from eggs collected with ovitraps in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, from February to July, 2017. After viral RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction protocols for 10 flaviviruses and five alphaviruses, nucleotide sequencing and three passages in C6/36 cells, eight pools of Ae. aegypti positive for DENV‐4 genotype II, seven for ZIKV Asian genotype and two for MAYV genotype L were found. In addition, two Ae. albopictus pools were positive for DENV‐4 genotype II and two were positive for ZIKV Asian genotype. Infection was confirmed by viral isolation in all positive pools for DENV‐4 and for MAYV and in eight of nine for ZIKV. This mechanism may contribute to the spread of arboviruses during epidemics and also to their maintenance in natural vectors during interepidemic periods.
From Pre‐Roman Bailo To Roman Baelo: Long‐Term Landscape Dynamics In The Straits Of Gibraltar
Authors: Jiménez‐Vialás Helena , Grau‐Mira Ignasi 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Straits of Gibraltar have been historically an important maritime axis of connection between the Mediterranean and Atlantic areas of the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason, most of the archaeological research has focused on the coastal settlements, but its broader archaeological landscape remains mostly unknown. In this paper, we present recent intensive surveys in which a wide range of sites was detected, dating from the eighth century BC to the fourteenth AD. The ancient landscape is thus reconstructed over a long‐term perspective. Prior to the Roman expansion, the earlier Bailo‐La Silla del Papa was an urban central place that supported a dense network of subordinate settlements. Later on, the central settlement was transported from inland to the coastal town of Baelo Claudia, but the territorial structure remained based on a similar pattern.
The prevalence and diagnosis of ‘stereoblindness’ in adults less than 60 years of age: a best evidence synthesis
Authors: Chopin Adrien , Bavelier Daphne , Levi Dennis Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeStereoscopic vision (or stereopsis) is the ability to perceive depth from binocular disparity ‐ the difference of viewpoints between the two eyes. Interestingly, there are large individual differences as to how well one can appreciate depth from such a cue. The total absence of stereoscopic vision, called ‘stereoblindness’, has been associated with negative behavioural outcomes such as poor distance estimation. Surprisingly, the prevalence of stereoblindness remains unclear, as it appears highly dependent on the way in which stereopsis is measured.Recent findingsThis review highlights the fact that stereopsis is not a unitary construct, but rather implies different systems. The optimal conditions for measuring these varieties of stereoscopic information processing are discussed given the goal of detecting stereoblindness, using either psychophysical or clinical stereotests. In that light, we then discuss the estimates of stereoblindness prevalence of past studies.SummaryWe identify four different approaches that all converge toward a prevalence of stereoblindness of 7% (median approach: 7%; unambiguous‐stereoblindness‐criteria approach: 7%; visual‐defect‐included approach: 7%; multiple‐criteria approach: 7%). We note that these estimates were derived considering adults of age <60 years old. Older adults may have a higher prevalence. Finally, we make recommendations for a new ecological definition of stereoblindness and for efficient clinical methods for determining stereoblindness by adapting existing tools.
Focal nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple in a prepubertal girl
Authors: Muñoz‐Aceituno Ester , Colmenero Isabel , González‐Meli Beatriz , Torrelo Antonio , Hernández‐Martín Ángela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNevoid hyperkeratosis (NH) of the nipple and areola is an extremely uncommon condition in prepubertal children. We report on a prepubertal girl with NH and provide dermoscopic findings that helped to make the diagnosis.
How Values Shape Program Perceptions: The “Organic Ethos” and Producers’ Assessments of U.S. Organic Policy Impacts
Authors: Carter David P. , Mosier Samatha L. , Adams Ian T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmong the more recognizable programs related to natural and sustainable food is the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Although the robustness of the organic food market is difficult to contest, many debate the extent to which U.S. organic policy outcomes adequately serve consumers and the organic agriculture producers they rely on. This paper engages the debate from the perspective of certified organic producers. Drawing on the results of a nationwide survey of USDA‐certified producers, we first provide a snapshot of how producers assess the environmental, consumer, and market impacts of U.S. organic food policy. We then examine the extent to which organic producers’ policy impact perceptions are associated with their alignment with an “organic ethos”—understood as producers’ commitment to core organic principles and the organic movement. The paper highlights producers’ values as perceptual filters and cognitive mechanisms that help shape producers’ policy impacts perceptions, illustrating a contributing factor to the enduring nature of organic policy debates.
Should farmers apply fertilizer according to when their daffodils are in flower? Utilizing a “farmer‐science” approach to understanding the impact of soil temperature on spring N fertilizer application in Wales
Authors: Crotty Felicity , McCalman Heather , Powell Huw , Buckingham Sue , Marley Christina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPerennial ryegrass starts growing when soil temperatures reach 5.5°C for five consecutive days; applying N fertilizer before this risks environmental losses. To test whether daffodil flowering signified when to apply N fertilizer, farmers volunteered to take part in a citizen science study. The PROSOIL project used a “citizen science”, participatory approach to create farmer‐informed science, aiming to increase awareness of the importance of soil health. In 2014, over 300 farmers completed a “How do you manage your soil” survey. The survey included a question on the use of daffodils (Narcissus spp.) to indicate the best time to apply the first nitrogen fertilizer of the season, based on anecdotal feedback from farmers involved in the PROSOIL project. The survey recorded 7% of farmers based their first fertilizer application on when daffodils flowered. To increase farmer awareness of soil temperatures, we provided them with soil thermometers, held workshops and hosted interactive stands at agricultural events in 2014. In autumn 2014, farmers planted daffodil bulbs of the same variety, across Wales, and monitored soil temperatures. Farmers returned postcards once their daffodils were in flower, noting the soil temperature. An assessment of whether daffodil flowering date could indicate when to apply N fertilizer was made. Overall, in spring 2015, daffodils flowered when soil temperature was 6.4(±0.35)°C, suggesting daffodil flowering date is a more reliable indicator for fertilizer application, than first hypothesized. Findings show a scientific validation of local knowledge, regarding the use of daffodils to indicate the “not‐before” date for the first N fertilizer application.
Light‐induced stabilization of ACS contributes to hypocotyl elongation during the dark‐to‐light transition in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Seo Dong Hye , Yoon Gyeong Mee 
Published: February 2019

SummaryHypocotyl growth during seedling emergence is a crucial developmental transition influenced by light and phytohormones such as ethylene. Ethylene and light antagonistically control hypocotyl growth in either continuous light or darkness. However, how ethylene and light regulate hypocotyl growth, including seedling emergence, during the dark‐to‐light transition remains elusive. Here, we show that ethylene and light cooperatively stimulate a transient increase in hypocotyl growth during the dark‐to‐light transition via the light‐mediated stabilization of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases (ACSs), the rate‐limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis. We found that, in contrast to the known inhibitory role of light in hypocotyl growth, light treatment transiently increases hypocotyl growth in wild‐type etiolated seedlings. Moreover, ACC, the direct precursor of ethylene, accentuates the effects of light on hypocotyl elongation during the dark‐to‐light transition. We determined that light leads to the transient elongation of hypocotyls by stabilizing the ACS5 protein during the dark‐to‐light transition. Furthermore, biochemical analysis of an ACS5 mutant protein bearing an alteration in the C‐terminus indicated that light stabilizes ACS5 by inhibiting the degradation mechanism that acts through the C‐terminus of ACS5. Our study reveals that plants regulate hypocotyl elongation during seedling establishment by coordinating light‐induced ethylene biosynthesis at the post‐translational level. Moreover, the stimulatory role of light on hypocotyl growth during the dark‐to‐light transition provides additional insights into the known inhibitory role of light in hypocotyl development.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography evaluation of the feline optic nerve and peripapillary retina
Authors: Espinheira Gomes Filipe , Parry Stephen , Ledbetter Eric 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and to establish normative data for the feline optic nerve and peripapillary retina using SD‐OCT (Spectralis® HRA+OCT2).MethodsSlit‐lamp biomicroscopy and rebound tonometry were performed in seven male‐intact (0.65 ± 0.02 years;4.34 ± 0.33 kg) and seven female‐spayed (0.74 ± 0.03 years; 3.13 ± 0.28 kg) cats. All eyes were pharmacologically dilated with 1% tropicamide prior to indirect ophthalmoscopy examination. Animals were then placed under general anesthesia. Optic nerve and peripapillary retinal morphology was evaluated using SD‐OCT device by infrared imaging and volumetric scans (circle and radial). Optic disc area, optic cup depth, peripapillary retinal thickness (RT), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were measured. The RNFLT:RT ratio was calculated in the superior, nasal, temporal, and inferior peripapillary region.ResultsIntraocular pressure in all cats was 20.68 ± 4.87 mm Hg (mean ± SD). Mean RT and RNFL were thickest in the superior retina (264.7 ± 13.95 µm and 70.22 ± 11.78 µm, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Inferior RT was significantly thinner than nasal and temporal retina (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.0010, respectively). The RNFLT:RT was significantly higher in the superior retina (0.27 ± 0.04) (P < 0.0001). Optic disc area OU was 1.39 ± 0.26 mm2. Optic cup depth OU was 168.36 ± 67.74 µm. All parameters tested were not affected by gender, intraocular pressure, body weight, or tested eye. Most eyes had a Bergmeister papilla that was only visible on OCT. Some animals had a recessed area over the center of the ONH meniscus.ConclusionNormative peripapillary ONH OCT data have been introduced. A Bergmeister papillae is commonly seen in young cats on OCT examination. OCT is a helpful tool to evaluate the retina in cats.
Progress in multiple genetically modified minipigs for xenotransplantation in China
Authors: Pan Dengke , Liu Ting , Lei Tiantian , Zhu Huibin , Wang Yi , Deng Shaoping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPig‐to‐human organ transplantation provides an alternative for critical shortage of human organs worldwide. Genetically modified pigs are promising donors for xenotransplantation as they show many anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. However, immunological rejection including hyperacute rejection (HAR), acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR), immune cell–mediated rejection, and other barriers associated with xenotransplantation must be overcome with various strategies for the genetic modification of pigs. In this review, we summarize the outcomes of genetically modified and cloned pigs achieved by Chinese scientists to resolve the above‐mentioned problems in xenotransplantation. It is now possible to knockout several porcine genes associated with the expression of sugar residues, antigens for (naturally) existing antibodies in humans, including GGTA1, CMAH, and β4GalNT2, and thereby preventing the antigen‐antibody response. Moreover, insertion of human complement‐ and coagulation‐regulatory transgenes, such as CD46, CD55, CD59, and hTBM, can further overcome effects of the humoral immune response and coagulation dysfunction, while expression of regulatory factors of immune responses can inhibit the adaptive immune rejection. Furthermore, transgenic strategies have been developed by Chinese scientists to reduce the potential risk of infections by endogenous porcine retroviruses (PERVs). Breeding of multi‐gene low‐immunogenicity pigs in China is also presented in this review. Lastly, we will briefly mention the preclinical studies on pig‐to‐non‐human primate xenotransplantation conducted in several centers in China.
Contribution of smoking and alcohol consumption to income differences in life expectancy: evidence using Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish register data
Authors: Östergren Olof , Martikainen Pekka , Tarkiainen Lasse , Elstad Jon Ivar , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDespite being comparatively egalitarian welfare states, the Nordic countries have not been successful in reducing health inequalities. Previous studies have suggested that smoking and alcohol contribute to this pattern. Few studies have focused on variations in alcohol-related and smoking-related mortality within the Nordic countries. We assess the contribution of smoking and alcohol to differences in life expectancy between countries and between income quintiles within countries.MethodsWe collected data from registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden comprising men and women aged 25–79 years during 1995–2007. Estimations of alcohol-related mortality were based on underlying and contributory causes of death on individual death certificates, and smoking-related mortality was based on an indirect method that used lung cancer mortality as an indicator for the population-level impact of smoking on mortality.ResultsAbout 40%–70% of the between-country differences in life expectancy in the Nordic countries can be attributed to smoking and alcohol. Alcohol-related and smoking-related mortality also made substantial contributions to income differences in life expectancy within countries. The magnitude of the contributions were about 30% in Norway, Sweden and among Finnish women to around 50% among Finnish men and in Denmark.ConclusionsSmoking and alcohol consumption make substantial contributions to both between-country differences in mortality among the Nordic countries and within-country differences in mortality by income. The size of these contributions vary by country and sex.
Impact of single phase CT angiography collateral status on functional outcome over time: results from the MR CLEAN Registry
Authors: Jansen Ivo GH , Mulder Maxim JHL , Goldhoorn Robert-Jan B , Boers Anna MM , van Es Adriaan CGM , Yo Lonneke SF , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Martens Jasper M , van Walderveen Marianne AA , van der Kallen Bas FW , Jenniskens Sjoerd FM , Treurniet Kilian M , Marquering Henk A , Sprengers Marieke ES , Schonewille Wouter J , Bot Joost CJ , Lycklama a Nijeholt Geert J , Lingsma Hester F , Liebeskind David S , Boiten Jelis , Vos Jan Albert , Roos Yvo BWEM , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , van der Lugt Aad , van Zwam Wim H , Dippel Diederik WJ , van den Wijngaard Ido R , Majoie Charles BLM 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCollateral status modified the effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) for stroke in several randomized trials. We assessed the association between collaterals and functional outcome in EVT treated patients and investigated if this association is time dependent.MethodsWe included consecutive patients from the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands (MR CLEAN) Registry (March 2014–June 2016) with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion undergoing EVT. Functional outcome was measured on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. We investigated the association between collaterals and mRS in the MR CLEAN Registry with ordinal logistic regression and if this association was time dependent with an interaction term. Additionally, we determined modification of EVT effect by collaterals compared with MR CLEAN controls, and also investigated if this was time dependent with multiplicative interaction terms.Results1412 patients were analyzed. Functional independence (mRS score of 0–2) was achieved in 13% of patients with grade 0 collaterals, in 27% with grade 1, in 46% with grade 2, and in 53% with grade 3. Collaterals were significantly associated with mRS (adjusted common OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.7)) and significantly modified EVT benefit (P=0.04). None of the effects were time dependent. Better collaterals corresponded to lower mortality (P<0.001), but not to lower rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P=0.14).ConclusionIn routine clinical practice, better collateral status is associated with better functional outcome and greater treatment benefit in EVT treated acute ischemic stroke patients, independent of time to treatment. Within the 6 hour time window, a substantial proportion of patients with absent and poor collaterals can still achieve functional independence.