bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspek Religius dan Moral Novel 99 Cahaya Di Langit Eropa Karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais Dalam Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Randi Randi 
Published: September 2019

Novel 99 Light In Sky Europe Rimember of the reader A Muslim woman named Hanum Salsabiela. Hanum during her life for three years in Europe made him discover new things about the greatness of Islam in Europe, which describes her faith to God. The aim of the study was to determine the values of the Islamic Religious and moral in order akhidah, sharia, and morals and honesty, compassion, responsibility contained in 99 Novel Light In Sky Europe works Salsabiela Rais Hanum. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques to analyze aspects of Religious and Moral contained in 99 Novel Light In Sky Europe Salsabiela Rais Hanum work. Aspects akhidah 17 findings (34%), aspects of Sharia 16 findings (32%) and aspects of the findings of Virtue 17 (34%). As well as aspects of Honesty 18 findings (36%, Aspects of Love 17 findings (30%) and 15 findings (30%) the aspect of responsibility Novel 99 Cahaya Di Langit Eropa mengingatkan pada pembaca Seorang Perempuan Muslim yang bernama Hanum Salsabiela. Bagi Hanum selama dia hidup tiga tahun di Eropa membuat dia menemukan hal-hal baru tentang kebesaran Islam di Eropa yang menggambarkan keimanan dirinya terhadap Allah. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Nilai-nilai Religius islam dan moral dalam tatanan akhidah, syariah, dan akhlak serta Kejujuran, Kasih sayang, tanggung jawab yang terdapat dalam Novel 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi yaitu menganalisis Aspek Religius dan Moral yang terdapat dalam Novel 99 Cahaya Di Langit Eropa Karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais. Aspek akhidah 17 temuan ( 34 % ), aspek syariah 16 temuan ( 32 % ) dan aspek akhlak 17 temuan ( 34 % ) serta aspek kejujuran 18 temuan (36 %, aspek kasih sayang 17 temuan (30 %) dan 15 temuan (30%) aspek tanggung jawab.
KAJIAN SASTRA NOVEL “LALITA” KARYA AYU UTAMI MELALUI PENDEKATAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Zukhruf Ghaida 
Published: September 2019

Novel yang dihasilkan oleh para pengarang selalu menampilkan tokoh yang memiliki karakter tertentu sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa novel juga menggambarkan kejiwaan manusia, meskipun pengarang hanya menampilkan tokoh itu secara fiksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji Novel Lalita karya Ayu Utami dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi sastra untuk menelaah secara psikologi tokoh-tokoh dalam novel tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu kondisi kejiwaan Lalita, tokoh utama yang dipengaruhi oleh konflik internal dan konflik eksternal. Struktur kepribadian Lalita yang paling mendasar, berupa id sangat kuat. Dorongan id yang mengakibatkan ego Lalita terus meninggi dan memuncak mengakibatkan dirinya dipenuhi oleh sifat dan keinginan yang tidak pernah puas merasakan kebahagiaan dan kenyamanan. Akan tetapi, peristiwa perampokan dan pemerkosaan dalam arti yang lebih menyakitkan membuat hati nuraninya terbuka dan kali ini superego dalam jiwanya mampu mengalahkan id dan ego-nya.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS DISKUSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL KOOPERATIF LEARNING TIPE DEBAT PADA SISWA KELAS VIII H SMP NEGERI 1 REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Efnawarty Efnawarty 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks diskusi pada siswa kelas VIII H SMP Negeri 1 Rejang Lebong dengan menggunakan model kooperatif learning tipe debat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik tes yaitu menulis teks diskusi, dan observasi kegiatan guru dan siswa ketika debat berlangsung dalam pembelajaran serta hasil menulis teks siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks diskusi yang disertai argumen dan data yang akurat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus I sebesar 68,59 dengan kategori cukup, meningkat menjadi 77,74 pada siklus II dengan kategori baik. Selain itu, penggunaan model ini dapat meningkatkan aktiftas siswa dalam berdebat untuk mencari data dan fakta akurat, yang akan dijadikan sebagai bahan dalam menulis teks diskusi.
FENOMENA QUASI BROKEN HOME DALAM KELUARGA PEKEBUN
Authors: Pramana Putra Podi Sastra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: The quasi broken home phenomenon in the families of planters can be seen that, this family resembles the Broken Home family, where the relationship between parents and children does not work well. However, the parents are still intact. In addition, parents often leave children. This is caused by several factors, namely parents are busy with work so they do not have time and time to guide their children. Sometimes quasi broken home is caused by parents leaving children without news. The impact of quasi broken home on children's behavior is: children often go home late at night, skip school, fight, deny parents to even get drunk.Keywords: Phenomenon, Quasi Broken Home, Farmers.
A Critical Evaluation of English Test in Government-affiliated College
Authors: Pasaribu Monalisa 
Published: September 2019

This study aims at evaluating an English test as part of entrance test in STAN, a government-affiliated college in Indonesia. STAN EPT has four main sections in the test including Structure and Written Expression, Cloze Question, Error Recognition and Reading Comprehension. Using five criteria by Brown & Abeywickrama (2010), the test is evaluated in terms of its practicality, reliability, validity, washback and authenticity. The result indicated that the test has high practicability with all of questions provided in multiple choices. Some elements of reliability and validity are also covered in this test. Yet, the evaluation also showed that washback and authenticity are not covered in STAN EPT. Key words: STAN EPT, English test, test evaluation
3 Steps Writing Strategy: Imitating-Reworking-Developing to Attract Interest in Writing Descriptive Writing in Improving Students Writing Ability
Authors: Rakhmanina Lisa 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to find out whether 3-step-writing strategy could have a significant impact on the students 'writing results in descriptive writing and also to find out whether there is an impact of the interaction between 3-step-writing strategy on students' writing interest. The population in this study were Law Faculty students in the 2017-2018 academic year with a total of 25 students. In this study, sampling using purposive techniques that took two classes as samples and divided into two groups, namely: Experimental Group and Control Group. The Experimental Group learned to Write Descriptive by using 3-step-writing strategy. Data was collected by conducting tests (pre and post-tests) and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using the T Test and Two-Way Anova Test with the help of the SPSS 22 Program. It showed significant different on students` English Writing achievement from pre-test to post-test and also from experimental and control group. Students also showed great interest on English Writing of Descriptive text by applying 3-step-writing strategy. It means that 3-step-writing strategy could improve students` English writing skill and could also empower students to learn more.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PROGRAM TAYANGAN INDONESIA BAGUS DI NET TV TENTANG BUDAYA (STUDI PADA MAHASISWA PRODI SKI)
Authors: Yuhaswita Yuhaswita 
Published: September 2019

Persepsi mahasiswa pada episode mengenal seni dan budaya kota Solok pada aspek mata pencaharian bahwa masyarakat Solok yang berdomisili di dataran menyambung hidup dari bertani sedangkan masyarakat yang berdomisili di pinggiran danau Singkarak bekerja sebagai nelayan ikan Bili dan ada juga sebagai pedagang yang menjual olahan dari ikan Bili. Sedangkan pada episode Tana Toraja persepsi Mahasiswa pada aspek kesenian yaitu masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah pedalaman membuat patung kayu yang bernama Tau-Tau, patung tau-atau merupakan patung orang sudah wafat guna melepas rindu keluarga yang ditinggalkan. Sedangkan pada episode Jayapura pada aspek kesenian mahasiswa memberikan persepsi bahwa masyarakat pedalaman Jayapura mmembuat lukisan flora dan fauna yang bahan bakunya terbuat dali lembaran kayu, kapur, kunyit. Pada episode Tana Toraja pada aspek kesenian mahasiswa memberikan persepsi masyarakat Tana Toraja meyakini jika ada bayi yang mati dan belum bergigi disimpan pada sebuah pohon besar yang sudah tua karena pada pohon tua bayi mendapatkan asi dari getah pohon.
Reliability and Validity Test of the Indonesian Version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to Measure Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) in Traditional Women Weavers
Authors: Ramdan Iwan Muhamad , Duma Krispinus , Setyowati Dina Lusiana 
Published: September 2019

Musculoskeletal disorder remains to be a health and safety problem. One of measuring instrument often use to assess musculoskeletal disorders worldwide is the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). This questionnaire translated into various languages and tested for its validity and reliability. However, it has limitations, such as the difficulty of application in countries that do not speak English. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of NMQ in women weavers working using traditional handlooms in East Kalimantan Indonesia from March to May 2018. The validity of items obtained ranges 0.501 (min.) to 0.823 (max.), and Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.726. In conclusion, the NMQ in Indonesian version has satisfactory psychometric properties with adequate validity and reliability. UJI VALIDITAS DAN RELIABILITAS NORDIC MUSCULOSKELETAL QUESTIONNAIRE (NMQ) VERSI INDONESIA UNTUK MENGUKUR GANGGUAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PENENUN TRADISIONAL WANITAGangguan muskuloskeletal masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Salah satu alat ukur yang sering dipakai untuk mengkaji gangguan muskuloskeletal di seluruh dunia adalah Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Kuesioner ini telah diterjemahkan ke berbagai bahasa di dunia dan terbukti valid serta reliabel, tetapi memiliki keterbatasan di antaranya sulit diaplikasikan di negara yang tidak menggunakan bahasa Ingris sebagai bahasa sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji validitas dan reliabilitas NMQ versi bahasa Indonesia pada penenun tradisional wanita di Kalimantan Timur periode Maret sampai Mei 2018. Didapatkan hasil uji validitas item berkisar antara 0.501 (min.) sampai 0.823 (maks.) dan indeks reliabilitas Cronbach's alpha sebesar 0.726. Simpulan, NMQ versi bahasa Indonesia cukup valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur gangguan muskuloskeletal.
Risk Factors of Intra-familial Hepatitis B Virus Transmission among Hepatitis B Patients in Kupang, Indonesia
Authors: Kambuno Norma Tiku , Bessie Meylani Fernanda , Tangkelangi Marni , Djuma Agustina Welhelmina 
Published: September 2019

Hepatitis B is caused by acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection. It is the most dangerous liver disease compared to other liver diseases due to its lack of apparent symptoms. The symptoms include slight jaundice in the eyes and skin accompanied by lethargy. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for intra-familial transmission of hepatitis B virus for household contacts of hepatitis B patients. The analytical correlation study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from June to July 2018 in Alak subdistrict, Kupang, Indonesia. Venous blood was collected from 45 subjects consisting of 12 patients and 33 family member. Examination was then performed using HBsAg test strip, resulting in the percentage of transmission of 15.15%. Statistical analysis revealed p>0.05. In conclusions, no relationship between gender, age, education, marital status, occupation, and HBsAg status. These characteristics are not risk factors for conversion of HBsAg status. FAKTOR RISIKO PENULARAN VIRUS HEPATITIS B KONTAK SERUMAH DI ANTARA PASIEN HEPATITIS B DI KUPANG, INDONESIAHepatitis B disebabkan oleh infeksi virus hepatitis B yang bersifat akut atau kronik. Penyakit ini termasuk penyakit hati yang paling berbahaya dibanding dengan penyakit hati yang lain karena tidak menunjukkan gejala yang jelas. Gejalanya hanya sedikit warna kuning pada mata dan kulit disertai lesu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko penularan virus hepatitis B pada kontak serumah pasien hepatitis B. Penelitian korelasi analitik dengan desain cross-sectional ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2018 di Kecamatan Alak, Kupang, Indonesia. Darah vena diambil dari 45 subjek yang terdiri atas 12 pasien dan 33 anggota keluarga. Pemeriksaan kemudian dilakukan menggunakan strip tes HBsAg menghasilkan persentase penularan 15,15%. Analisis statistik didapatkan p>0,05. Simpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, status pernikahan, pekerjaan, dan status HbsAg. Karakteristik ini bukan faktor risiko untuk konversi status HBsAg.
LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN BY SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS NOT PREDICTED FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN HYPERTENSIVE POPULATION WITH PRESERVED SYSTOLIC FUNCTION AND NORMAL RESTING LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE
Authors: Rahman Gilang Mauladi , Aminuddin Muhammad , Pikir Budi S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is associated with diastolic dysfunction and impaired exercise capacity. LA has a substantial role to provides an optimal left ventricle diastolic filling. In this study, we aimed to assess the left atrial strain through STE as a predictor of functional capacity in the hypertensive population.
Methods: A total of 43 hypertensive women (mean age 50 ± 5.2 y.o; BMI 28.5± 4.1 Kg/m2) consecutively enrolled in this study. Patients with LVEF <50% or significant valvular pathology excluded. Two-dimensional STE performed to asses LA strain parameters, including PALS , PACS, and conduit strain. Functional capacity assessed by treadmill stress test using Bruce protocol.
Result: Mean PALS, PACS, and conduit strain in this study was lower than reference normal value 25.8%< 39%; 12.4% <17%; 13.5% <23%, respectively). All of the subjects had a preserved systolic function (mean LVEF 72.5 ± 7.6%) and normal resting LA pressure (mean PCWP 11.96 ± 2.09). Left atrial strain parameters value in the low-fair functional capacity group was not significantly different to average-good functional capacity group (p>0.05). Left atrial strain parameters value was not significantly correlated to exercise duration and achieved METS (P>0.05).
Conclusion: LA strain value in this study was below the standard reference limit. LA strain cannot predict functional capacity in the hypertensive population with preserved ejection fraction and normal resting LA pressure.
Teacher Training in Nepal: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Gautam Ganga Ram 
Published: September 2019

“No single element is more essential to students’ success than excellence in teaching. Fine buildings, equipment, and textbooks are important, but it is the skill and dedication of the teacher that creates a place of learning.” (Hickok, E. 1998).
The quote highlights the role of teachers and it is generally accepted that teachers are the key actors who contribute to the making of people through education. Teachers are often considered as ‘good people’ and in the context of Nepal especially in the rural areas; it is the teacher who is often consulted for any important work in the community. “The teachers are in the business of making good people, or of enabling their students to become good people. They do this specifically by helping them to become smarter” (Tate, 2007: 1). Thus, preparation of teaching force is, therefore, a key concern of the government throughout the world. It is the teacher who lays the foundation of all the professionals when they attend the elementary and secondary school (Farris and Rieman, 2014). Nepal government too has invested a huge amount of resources in teacher training thinking that training would result effective pedagogic skills among teachers and they could then use those skills in their classrooms so that students will have better achievement. However, while reviewing the available literature on teacher training in Nepal, it shows that very little has been achieved in this area in the last few decades. This article is an attempt to review the impact of teacher training in Nepal and identify the major issues in them so as to find out the ways of improving the teacher training in Nepal.
अछामी लिङ्ग व्यवस्था Achhami Linga Byabstha
Authors: शाही Shahi हर्कबहादुर Harkabahadur 
Published: September 2019

अछामी भाषाको परिचय दिई यस भाषाको लिङ्ग व्यवस्था पहिचान गर्नु मूल उद्देश्य रहेको प्रस्तुत लेख गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको रहेको छ । क्षेत्र अध्ययन विधिको उपयोग गरिएको यो अध्ययन वर्णनात्मक रहेको छ । अछामी भाषा बोल्ने सम्पूर्ण अछामी भाषी वक्ता यस अध्ययनको जनसङ्ख्या हुन भने पान्सय दरा (क्षेत्र) का उमेरगत, लिङ्गगत, जातिगत, साक्षर र निरक्षरताका आधारमा २० जना अछामी भाषी वक्तालाई उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमुनाका रूपमा छनौट गरी श्रव्य सामग्रीका माध्यमबाट विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा बोलिने अछामी भाषाका पाठहरू सङ्कलन गरी टुलबक्सको सहायताले इन्टरलिङ्गराइज गरिएको छ । लिप्याङ्कन गरिएका पाठलाई व्याकरण सिद्धान्तका सहायताले अछामी लिङ्गभेदको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । भारोपेली समूहको अछामी भाषा अछाम जिल्लामा बोलिन्छ । यस भाषामा लेखिएका अभिलेख, साहित्य, व्याकरण र स्नातकोत्तरदेखि विद्यावारिधिसम्मका लोकसाहित्य र भाषाका विविध पक्षमा गरिएका अनुसन्धानले यसको स्वतन्त्र भाषिक अस्तित्व कायम गर्न सघाएको पाइन्छ । अछामी भाषाका लिङ्गभेदको प्रभाव नाम, विशेषण, क्रियाविशेषण र कोटिकरमा रहेको पाइन्छ । यस भाषामा मानवेत्तर गाईमा पनि स्त्रीलिङ्गको भेद पाइनु, मानवीय जना कोटिकरको स्त्रीलिङ्ग जनी हुनु र स्थानिक क्रियाविशेषणमा पनि लिङ्गभेद पाइनु यस भाषाका आफ्ना छुट्टै लिङ्गगत विशेषता हुन् ।
उच्च सिकाइ उपलब्धिका कारक पक्षहरू Uchha Sikai Upalabdhika Karak Pakshyaharu
Authors: पौडेल Poudel नेत्रप्रसाद Netraprasad 
Published: September 2019

सर्लाही जिल्लास्थित खुटौना गा.वि.स. ओडा नं. १ मा रहेको श्री जनता निम्न माध्यमिक विद्यालयमा गई क्षेत्रकार्यअन्तर्गत प्रामाणिक सूचनाहरू लिएर गरिएको प्रस्तुत अध्ययनबाट विद्यार्थीहरूको उच्च सिकाइ उपलब्धि हासिल गर्नका लागि विषय शिक्षकहरूको सर्वाधिक भूमिका हुने देखियो । सिकाइ उपलब्धिलाई उच्च तुल्याउनका लागि यस विद्यालयले व्यावहारिक शिक्षण, उपलब्ध शैक्षिक सामग्रीहरूको यथोचित प्रयोग, पुस्तकालयको अभावमा समेत थोरै पुस्तकहरू जुटाएर झोले÷घुम्ती पुस्तकालयको व्यवस्था, केही गर्ने अठोट, नियमित गृहकार्य, पृष्ठपोषणर परीक्षा, नतिजाको नियमित विश्लेषण, सबै विषयप्रति प्रअको समान दृष्टिकोण, वृत्तिविकासका लागि शिक्षकहरूलाई आलोपालो अवसर, पारदर्शी मूल्याङ्कन, समस्याहरूको वस्तुगत आकलन र निराकरणका लागि ठोस योजना, योजना र निर्णयहरूको इमानदारी कार्यान्वयन तथा कार्यक्रमिक र नीतिगत तहको सन्तुलित व्यवस्थापन गर्न अधिकतम प्रयत्न गरेको पाइयो । यस विद्यालयले विद्यालयीय सिकाइमा खपत हुने समय, गृहकार्यको सूक्ष्म परीक्षण, तत्काल पृष्ठपोषण तथा प्रभावकारी शिक्षण सिकाइ गरी विशेष चार कुराहरूमा ख्याल गरेको देखियो । बालकको सिक्ने आनीबानी, त्यसमा गुरुहरू र अग्रजहरूको प्रभाव, त्यसबाट उनीहरूको सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा पर्ने असरका बारेमा विद्यालय परिवार सचेत देखियो । प्रधानअध्यापक विद्यालय व्यवस्थापन समितिका सदस्य सचिव तथा भूमिकामूलक नेतृत्व समेत भएका कारण उनले वि.व्य.स. र अन्य सरोकारवालाहरूको माझमा समन्वयकारी भूमिका निर्वाह गरेको पाइयो । सबै बालबलिकाका सबल र दुर्बल पक्षहरूको जानकारी प्राप्त गरी उनीहरूको पढाइ सुधार्ने योजनामा अभिभावकहरूस“ग सहकार्य, आºना कमी कमजोरीहरू हटाउनका लागि प्रधानअध्यापक स्वयम्बाट र अन्य वरिष्ट शिक्षकद्वारा शिक्षकहरूको नियमित कक्षा अवलोकनपछि पृष्ठपोषण दिने, शिक्षकहरूबाट प्रअ र वरिष्ट शिक्षकहरूको कक्षा अवलोकनपछि टिप्पणी गराउने कार्यप्रणाली अवलम्बन गरेको देखियो ।
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG MENARCHE TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SISWI KELAS IV, V DAN VI DI SDN 01 BEKIRING KECAMATAN PULUNG KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Rohmah Eliya Rohmah 
Published: September 2019

Menarche yaitu menstruasi yang pertama kali yang biasanya terjadi pada usia 12-13 tahun, Menarche merupakan peristiwa paling penting pada remaja putri sebagai pertanda siklus masa subur sudah dimulai. Berdasarkan dari hasil studi pendahuluan pada bulan November 2016 terhadap 10 siswi di SDN 01 Bekiring didapatkan dari 10 responden mengatakan yang belum pernah menstruasi didapatkan 8 siswi (80%) belum mengetahui tentang menarche dan belum pernah diberikan pendidikan tentang menarche
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuh menganalisis adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menarche terhadap pengetahuan siswi kelas IV, V dan VI di SDN 01 Bekiring Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-exsperimental design dengan pendekatan one group pretest posttes. Populasi terdiri dari 40 siswi kelas IV, V dan VI. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswi yang hadir saat penelitian sebanyak 31 siswi. Sampling menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dengan Instrumen untuk variabel pendidikan kesehatan dalam penelitian ini adalah leaflet, LCD dan SAP.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan 54,8% responden memiliki pengetahuan cukup, dan sesudah diberi pendidikan kesehatan 58,1% berpengetahuan baik. Sedangkan dari hasil uji statistik paired T-Test tersebut terlihat bahwa nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000. Yang artinya “ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang menarche terhadap pengetahuan siswi kelas IV, V dan VI di SDN 01 Bekiring, Kec. Pulung Kab. Ponorogo”. Disarankan untuk petugas puskesmas, untuk mengadakan penyuluhan tentang menarche ke sekolah yang lain.
Kata kunci: pendidikan nkesehatan, menarche, pengetahuan
Technology administration active substance in the ointment base
Authors: Trochimchuk V. V. , Shmatenko V. V. , Tarasenko V. O. , Drozdova A. O. 
Published: September 2019

The problem of expanding the range of medicines that are used for the topical treatment of wound process, remains an important challenge for practical military medicine. In this aspect, there are topical ointments combining development for use in the first phase of wound process, which has a complex influence on the pathological processes and exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic activity.
The aim of the study was substantiation of technological route of administration of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in the ointment base, depending on the antimicrobial activity of model compositions.
The study included a model sample of ointment bases, cooked on a hydrophilic carrier containing active pharmaceutical ingredients – ofloxacin, nimesulide and lidocaine.
Microbiological studies were performed by difution on solid agar medium, which is based on the ability of substances to inhibit the growth antibakterial microorganisms.
Comparative analysis of experimental studies showed that the samples of ointments, which are based whith the active pharmaceutical ingredients ofloxacin, nimesulide and lidocaine was injected as a solution in DMSO showed the highest antimicrobial activity.
As a result of study on the antimicrobial activity of ointments model samples determined that the optimal method of administering the basis AFI – ofloxacin, nimesulide and lidocaine – a method of administering them in the form of a solution in DMSO.