bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a LAMP assay for differentiating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains harboring blaOXA-23
Authors: Li Puyuan , Niu Wenkai , Fang Yun , Zou Dayang , Liu Huiying , Qin Yanhong , Zheng Jing , Yin Xiuyun , Li Fengjiang , Liu Yannan , Yuan Xin , Huang Liuyu , Bai Changqing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, and the resistance to carbapenems has been observed increasingly worldwide. Oxacillinase produced by blaOXA-23 is one of the predominant carbapenem resistance mechanisms in A. baumannii, which is highly prevalent worldwide, especially in China. The rapid identification of blaOXA-23 may give a valuable hint for the administration of directed antimicrobial therapy.

Method

In this study, we aimed to develop a LAMP-based detection for the blaOXA-23 gene; clinical samples of A. baumannii were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this method compared to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and traditional PCR method. MLST was performed to investigate the epidemiology of A. baumannii bacterial population.

Results

Compared to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP in detecting blaOXA-23 was 88.4% and 97.7%, respectively. However, the LAMP method was found to be much simpler and the result could be available in a shorter period (within 60 minutes) when compared to conventional PCR and phenotypic susceptibility testing. The 113 isolates could be clustered into 30 sequence types (STs), and majority (83/113) of these strains belong to clonal complex 92 (CC92), which is also the dominant CC in the China.

Conclusion

The LAMP-based method detected blaOXA-23 in a much simpler way, by which could provide timelier results for differentiating the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii than conventional methods. Consequently, blaOXA-23 may potentially serving as surrogate marker for the presence of CRAB in patients with serious infections in clinic.
Isoniazid preventive therapy utilization rate and associated factors in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital ART clinic: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Imana Gudeta , Rajamanickam Vinodhini , Woldemichael Kifle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent life-threatening infection and a common cause of death for people living with HIV (PLHIV).The influence of TB and HIV infection has enhanced the magnitude of both epidemics. IPT is one of the several key interventions recommended by the world health organization (WHO) for the prevention of TB in patients infected with HIV. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the IPT utilization rate and to explore the determinant factors among PLHIV under follow-up, Health care providers (HCP’s) and TB/HIV coordinators working in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) ART clinic, Ethiopia. Methods: An Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in JUSH ART clinic, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The target groups were enrolled by a systematic sampling technique from the registered medical records of JUSH HIV care. Semi-structured questioners and in-depth interviews were designed for quantitative analysis from PLHIV, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators working in JUSH, ART clinic. All statistical analysis was compiled by Epi data 3.1 and SPSS 20. Results: The overall estimated IPT utilization rate in JUSH ART clinic was 59.2%.Demographic and clinical factors are not significant, but ethnicity was highly significant with IPT use in PLHIV. All respondents, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators were interviewed on identifying the factors and barriers that increase the utilization of IPT. The results of in-depth interviews are grouped into three core categories as patient perceptions, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinator perspectives. Discussion and conclusion:PLHIV, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators suggested their overall response as periodic counseling for target groups, educating the benefits of IPT and increasing public awareness on TB prophylaxis in PLHIV. Higher attention should be provided in linking all HIV patients to the nearest health facilities for receiving free service packages and medical care. Administrative managers could improve the capacity building by increasingthe number of health care professionals, maintaining data base on patient records and continuous supply of pyridoxine and IPT for all PLHIV. HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators responded that disclosure to the patient families and occupational independence will increase the acceptance and implementation of IPT in large scale.
The effect of support surface and footwear condition on postural sway and lower limb muscle action of the old people
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Yick Kit-lun , Ng Sun-pui , Yip Joanne , Cheung Roy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Diminished somatosensory function and lower plantar cutaneous sensitivity have been identified as a critical age-related change, which is related to postural instability in the older population. Footwear is suggested that can modulate the postural stability by altering the interface between the foot sole and the ground. However, it is unclear whether this footwear effect could also influence lower limb muscle activation for the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the footwear insole texture and supporting surface condition on static postural stability and lower limb muscle activation for healthy older people.
Methods: This is a single-session study with repeated measurements. Twenty-three healthy older female stood on the firm (i.e., concrete floor) and foam surfaces with their eyes open in the three footwear conditions, namely barefoot, plain shoes and nodulous insole shoes, for 30 seconds. Static postural sway and muscle activation of biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) of the dominant leg were measured during each testing condition.
Results: compared to firm surface, standing on the foam could significantly increase the body sway and lower limb muscle activation (p<0.05); compared to barefoot, when standing on the foam, wearing footwear significantly decreased the VL and TA muscle activation and minimize the postural sway in ML and AP direction, while the influence is larger for the nodulous shoes compared to the plain shoes. A positive correlation was observed between the lower limb muscle activation and AP (r=0.327-0.389, p<0.001) and total sway path length (r=0.317-0.427, p<0.001).
Conclusions: footwear could improve the postural stability and decease the fall risk comparing to barefoot when the somatosensory input is in disturbance, while the improvement is larger when wearing nodulous insole footwear for the elderly.
Cervical Adenopathy of the Children in Tropical Context: Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Darre Tchin , Doukouré Brahima , Djiwa Toukilnan , Amana Bathokédeou , Bissa Haréfétéguéna , Adam Saliou , Pegbessou Essobozou , Dare Sassil , Napo-Koura Gado 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective

The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cervical lymphadenopathy in children, for 15 years (2003-2017) at the pathology laboratory of Lomé, Togo.

Results

A total of 221 cervical adenopathies in children were collected. The sex ratio (M/F) of patients was 1.1 and the average age was 9.8 ± 0.3 years. The notion of HIV was found in 69 children. Histological, the etiologies were infectious (n = 128 cases, 57.9%), tumors (n = 96 cases) and others (n = 8 cases, 1.6%). The main etiology among infections was tuberculosis (n = 84 cases). Tumor etiologies were primitive in 82 cases and secondary in 3 cases. Primary tumors were dominated by lymphomas (n = 74 cases) in its Burkitt form (n = 44 cases). The etiologies of cervical lymphadenopathy in tropical environments are always dominated by infectious agents.
Effects of shade stress on morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses
Authors: Fu Juanjuan , Luo Yilan , Sun Pengyue , Gao Jinzhu , Zhao Donghao , Yang Peizhi , Hu Tianming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Perturbations in the abiotic stress directly or indirectly affect plants and root-associated microbial communities. Shade stress presents one of the major abiotic limitations for turfgrass growth, as light availability is severely reduced under a leaf canopy. Studies have shown that shade stress influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how it affects the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade stress on the physiology of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses and their rhizosphere soil microbes. Shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrasss (Lolium perenne, LP) were used. Bacterial community composition was assayed using high-throughput sequencing.
Results: Our physiochemical data showed that under shade stress, OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Illumina sequencing data revealed that shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and LP’s bacterial communities, but instead impacted the composition of bacterial communities. The bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in OJ soil. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress, indicating that they are important drivers determining bacterial community structures. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions.
Conclusion: OJ was more shade-tolerant than LP. Shifts in rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure play a vital role in shade-tolerance of OJ plants.
The Right Way Through the Region of Sin: Islam, Bioethics and New Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Pišev Marko 
Published: June 2019

In the 1980s numerous debates were held in the House of Lords on the scientific research of embryos, with certain participants attempting to point out the difference between two styles of thought, namely, religious and scientific thought. Yet was the conflict in the House of Lords between two styles of thinking, or rather between the proponents of the scientific approach, on the one hand, and the proponents of religious thought, on the other, for intellectual and moral domination in society?
Clearly, these debates hinted at something beyond and something more complex than a mere concern about embryos. What was actually being problematized? Or, to put it differently, to what extent does the use of bioreproductive technologies call into question the notions and issues of ethics, procreation and kinship, regardless of the religious dogma that considers the possibilities of their application? This paper will be confined to an analysis of Islamic dogma and any correspondences between this dogma and certain aspects of the new reproductive technologies. Still, in order to be able to discuss the relation between the new reproductive technologies and Islamic ethics, it is necessary to devote the greater part of this paper to an interpretation of how man is perceived in the context of the Koran.
Phosphorus Release from Unamended and Gypsum‐ or Biochar‐Amended Soils under Simulated Snowmelt and Summer Flooding Conditions
Authors: Dharmakeerthi R. S. , Kumaragamage D. , Goltz D. , Indraratne S. P. 
Published: June 2019

Prolonged flooding changes the oxidation–reduction status of soils, often enhancing P release to overlying floodwater. We studied P release from unamended, gypsum‐amended, and biochar‐amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding (previously frozen, cold flooding at +4°C) and summer flooding (unfrozen, warm flooding at +22°C) using two soils, Fyala clay (FYL‐Cl) and Neuenberg sandy loam (NBG‐SL), from Manitoba, Canada. Amended and unamended soils were packed into vessels and flooded under cold and warm temperatures in the laboratory. Pore water and floodwater samples were taken weekly for 6 wk after flooding (WAF) and thereafter biweekly for 10 WAF and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH, and cation concentrations. The NBG‐SL showed a significantly higher DRP concentration in pore water and floodwater despite its low Olsen P content. Redox potential (Eh) decreased slowly under cold versus warm flooding; hence, redox‐induced P release was substantially lower under cold flooding. Gypsum amendment significantly decreased the floodwater DRP concentrations in NBG‐SL by 38 and 35% under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in FYL‐Cl, which had low DRP concentrations (<1.2 mg L−1) throughout the flooding period. Biochar amendment significantly increased floodwater DRP concentrations by 27 to 68% in FYL‐Cl under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in NBG‐SL. The results indicate substantially less P release under cold than under warm flooding. Gypsum was effective in reducing floodwater DRP concentrations only at high DRP concentrations; thus, the effectiveness was greater under warm than under cold flooding conditions.Core Ideas
Floodwater DRP concentration increased with time of flooding in amended and unamended soils.
Increase in floodwater DRP concentration was less under simulated snowmelt than summer flooding.
Rate of P diffusion from pore water to floodwater was less under simulated snowmelt flooding.
Gypsum reduced floodwater DRP in one soil with DRP concentrations >1 mg L−1, but not in the other.
Woodchip biochar was ineffective in reducing P release from soils to overlying floodwater.
Stimulation of Growth and Alteration of Hormones by Elevated Carbon Dioxide for Creeping Bentgrass Exposed to Drought
Authors: Burgess P. , Chapman C. , Zhang X. , Huang B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDrought stress inhibits shoot growth of cool‐season turfgrass species, and elevated CO2 concentration may mitigate the adverse effects of drought through alteration of hormone production. The objective of this study was to determine whether elevated CO2–enhanced drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was associated with the stimulation of tiller and stolon growth and the alteration of stress‐regulating and growth‐regulating hormone accumulation. Creeping bentgrass (cv. Penncross) plants were established for 24 d at ambient (400 μL L−1) or elevated (800 μL L−1) CO2 concentration and subsequently exposed to drought stress for 23 d by withholding irrigation. Drought stress caused significant reduction in leaf relative water content and tiller density, whereas both parameters, as well as stolon length, were maintained at significantly higher values in CO‐treated plants compared with those at ambient CO2 under drought stress. The positive effects of elevated CO2 on the maintenance of leaf hydration and the promotion of tiller density and stolon growth in creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress could be associated with the suppression of drought‐induced accumulation of abscisic acid and the increase in the endogenous content of isopentenyladenosine, jasmonic acid, and the jasmonic acid precursor 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid. These results suggest that the elevated CO2–enhanced growth of tillers and stolons in creeping bentgrass under drought stress could be regulated in part by the adjustment of endogenous hormone levels.
An Assessment of Traditional Chemical Indicators of Atmospheric Pollution in Northern Saskatchewan Forest Soils
Authors: Watmough Shaun A. , Whitfield Colin J. , Baker Scott 
Published: June 2019

Core IdeasConcentrations of pollutants in Saskatchewan forest soils are low but are highly variable.Distinct spatial patterns in surface soil pollutant concentration are evident.Patterns in soil Hg and V and SO42−are strongly related to soil organic matter.Concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn influenced by soil factors in addition to organic matter.Atmospheric deposition plays a minor role in pollutant levels in northernSaskatchewansoils.Long‐range transport and subsequent atmospheric deposition of pollutants has led to soil contamination around the globe. Northern Saskatchewan is downwind of major emissions of sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), and heavy metals vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) associated with oil sands activities, leading to concerns over possible soil contamination. In this study we sampled 200 forested sites spanning five ecoregions of Saskatchewan. Surface (A‐horizon) soils were measured for a suite of traditional chemical indicators of atmospheric pollution (e.g., SO42–, NO3−, Hg, heavy metals). In general, metal concentrations in surface soils were among the lowest reported in the literature indicating low levels of soil contamination. Despite the remote location of the sites there was a large range in pollution soil indicators in surface soil. For example, Hg concentrations were between 0.6 and 53.3 μg g−1, V concentrations varied from <0.02 to 161 mg kg−1, and extractable SO42–was between 0.2 and 52.2 mg kg−1and distinct spatial patterns were evident. Higher concentrations of pollutants were observed in southern, eastern and northern parts of the study area. Much of the variability in surface soil chemistry was explained by soil factors and in particular organic matter as the dominant controls of these pollution indicators. Lower values of these indicators were found in sandy soils low in organic matter such as those occurring in the Athabasca Plain located south of Lake Athabasca closest to oil sands activities.
Can Bioenergy Ash Applications Emulate the Effects of Wildfire on Upland Forest Soil Chemical Properties?
Authors: Hannam K. D. , Fleming R. L. , Venier L. , Hazlett P. W. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Bioenergy is growing; the ash generated as a by‐product is often treated as waste.
Ash applications could be used to emulate wildfire effects on forest soil chemistry.
Wildfires and ash applications increase soil phosphorus and calcium and raise pH.
Guidance on ash dosage rates and pre‐treatment for emulating wildfire is required.
As efforts to combat climate change intensify in Canada and around the world, the use of forest biomass to produce energy is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an urgent need for environmentally sustainable methods of handling the ash generated during biomass combustion. Currently, bioenergy ash is often landfilled, placing significant pressure on Canada's waste disposal infrastructure. In some countries, however, the use of bioenergy ash as a nutrient‐rich forest soil amendment is strongly encouraged. Given that forest management in Canada is often driven by the ‘emulation of natural disturbance’ paradigm, bioenergy ash could have potential as a management tool for improving wildfire emulation in harvested stands. We compared published values of wildfire ash chemistry with those for Canadian and European bioenergy ash and found that they are similar. We used meta‐analysis to examine changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and soil pH following wildfires and applications of bioenergy ash on upland forested sites. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash can reduce forest floor C and N pools: wildfires by direct combustion of organic matter, and ash applications by an apparent increase in organic matter decay. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash applications increase extractable P, exchangeable Ca and pH in surface mineral soils. Although bioenergy ash applications can trigger larger increases in available P and pH in surface mineral soils than wildfires, controlling ash dosage rates or pre‐treating the ash to slow the rate of nutrient release could attenuate some of these effects.
Rancang Bangun Alat Deteksi Stabilitas Tegangan Jangka Panjang Pada Jaringan Distribusi Tegangan Rendah
Authors: Zebua Osea , Soedjarwanto Noer , Anggara Jemi 
Published: June 2019

Intisari — Stabilitas tegangan telah menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam operasi jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik. Ketidakstabilan tegangan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada peralatan-peralatan listrik bila terjadi dalam waktu yang lama. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat peralatan deteksi stabilitas tegangan jangka panjang pada jaringan tegangan rendah. Sensor tegangan dan sensor arus digunakan untuk memperoleh data tegangan dan arus. Mikrokontroler Arduino digunakan untuk memproses perhitungan deteksi stabilitas tegangan jangka panjang dari data tegangan yang diperoleh dari sensor. Hasil deteksi kondisi stabilitas tegangan ditampilkan dengan indikator lampu led. Hasil pengujian pada jaringan distribusi tegangan rendah tiga fasa menunjukkan bahwa peralatan dapat mendeteksi gangguan stabilitas tegangan jangka panjang secara online dan dinamis.Kata kunci — Deteksi, stabilitas tegangan jangka panjang, jaringan distribusi tegangan rendah. Abstract — Voltage stability has become important concern in the operation of electric power distribution networks. Voltage instability can cause damage to electrical equipments if it occurs for a long time. This paper aims to design and build long-term voltage stability detection equipment on low-voltage network. Voltage sensors and current sensors are used to obtain voltage and current data. The Arduino microcontroller is used to process calculation of long-term voltage stability detection from data obtained from the sensors. The results of detection of voltage stability conditions are displayed with the LED indicators. Test result on three-phase low-voltage distribution network shows that equipment can detect long–term voltage stability disturbance online and dynamically.Keywords— Detection, long-term voltage stability, low-voltage distribution network.