bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microgrids 4.0: digitalization of microgrid with IoT and recent technology interventions
Authors: Negi Gaurav Singh , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Malik Praveen , Sharma Rohit , Obaid Ahmed J. , Alferaidi Ali , Alharbi Yasser , Kumar Sachin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFollowing the fourth industrial revolution and subsequent developments in information and communication technology, applying intelligent techniques in microgrid is gaining popularity in academia and business worldwide. A significant amount of data is continuously generated by the widespread use of internet of things (IoT) technologies and sensor networks in microgrids. This data includes essential information to progress the performance of microgrids. This paper includes a comprehensive review of IoT, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain in microgrid and the concepts of digital twin and metaverse and their applications. By aiding in the design, operation management, and maintenance of microgrids, these methods offer a potent tool for managing the massive historical data and real‐time data stream in a proficient and protected way. They also facilitate microgrids operation. Contextual awareness, security, and resilient operation are important for microgrids, therefore their possible improvement in light of these intelligent approaches is comprehensively examined. A theoretical implementation for managing robust operation of microgrids is then described. The discussion of recommendations in microgrids concludes.
A comprehensive research on light field imaging: Theory and application
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Yunlong , Yang Qing , Zhou Shubo , Zhang Kunbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComputational photography is a combination of novel optical designs and processing methods to capture high‐dimensional visual information. As an emerged promising technique, light field (LF) imaging measures the lighting, reflectance, focus, geometry and viewpoint in the free space, which has been widely explored for depth estimation, view synthesis, refocus, rendering, 3D displays, microscopy and other applications in computer vision in the past decades. In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive research survey on the LF imaging theory, technology and application. Firstly, the LF imaging process based on a MicroLens Array structure is derived, that is MLA‐LF. Subsequently, the innovations of LF imaging technology are presented in terms of the imaging prototype, consumer LF camera and LF displays in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). Finally the applications and challenges of LF imaging integrating with deep learning models are analysed, which consist of depth estimation, saliency detection, semantic segmentation, de‐occlusion and defocus deblurring in recent years. It is believed that this paper will be a good reference for the future research on LF imaging technology in Artificial Intelligence era.
Abnormal gait recognition with millimetre‐wave radar based on perceptual loss and convolutional temporal autoencoder
Authors: Zhao Peng , Hong Ling , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWalking is fundamental to normal human life. However, many people suffer from walking impairments due to various diseases that may severely affect their daily activities. Early detection of an abnormal gait can aid subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. This paper proposes a novel abnormal gait recognition method based on a perceptual loss convolutional temporal autoencoder (PLCTAE) network. It comprises upstream and downstream tasks, both of which utilise radar micro‐Doppler spectrograms as inputs. The upstream task employs a convolutional autoencoder with the perceptual loss to encode and decode micro‐Doppler spectrograms, achieving unsupervised pretraining and obtaining the initial parameters for the convolutional part of the PLCTAE. The downstream task fine‐tunes the convolutional part of the PLCTAE through supervised training to extract spatial features from the micro‐Doppler spectrograms and incorporates a bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) network to further extract temporal features, accomplishing the task of abnormal gait classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good classification performance on the self‐established dataset which is collected by Texas Instruments' IWR6843ISK millimetre‐wave radar and contains eight types of abnormal gaits. The generalisation performance is also validated on a public dataset from the University of Glasgow containing six types of human activities.
Robust design optimization of five‐phase SynRM for fault‐tolerant operation based on Taguchi method
Authors: Ghaffari Ghaziani Mehdi , Heydari Hossein 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSynchronous reluctance motor has recently attracted the attention of researchers due to their characteristics such as higher efficiency compared to induction motors, lower cost in contrast to permanent magnet motors, robust rotor structure and limited rotor inertia. Also, research on five‐phase motors, which have more reliability and torque density than three‐phase motors, is of a great importance. In this essay, the optimization of the robust design of a five‐phase reluctance synchronous motor has been done through the design of experiments using the sequential Taguchi method based on fuzzy logic. To ensure that the performance of the motor is not sensitive to changes and uncertainties, the air gap manufacturing tolerances, the width of the rotor's tangential rib and the rotor's pitch control angle are considered as noise factors. In addition, to improve the motor's fault tolerance capacity, the main performance characteristics of the motor under single‐phase fault operation, such as average torque and ripple torque are considered as optimization targets, along with the main performance characteristics of the motor under normal operation. By comparing the optimization results of the proposed method with the conventional Taguchi optimization method, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method have been confirmed.
Beryllium: The smoking gun of a rejuvenated star
Authors: Rathsam A. , Meléndez J. , Karakas A. I. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The chemistry and Galactic velocity components of the star HD 65907 suggest that despite its young isochronal age of ∼5 Gyr, it is in fact a merger of two old Population II stars. Its low Li abundance is also consistent with a mass accretion episode.
Aims. We determine Li and Be abundances for this star and evaluate its radial velocity time series, activity cycle, and spectral energy distribution in search of clues regarding the origin of this enigmatic star.
Methods. Li and Be abundances were determined via spectral synthesis of their resonance lines using HARPS and UVES spectra, respectively. HARPS data were also used to study variations in the star’s radial velocity and activity levels. Photometric data were adopted to evaluate the stellar spectral energy distribution.
Results. HD 65908 is severely Li- and Be-depleted. Its radial velocity is nearly constant (σ = 2 m/s), with a small modulation likely associated with stellar activity, and the star shows no further signs of an undetected close companion. The excess infrared emission is consistent with a 30 K blackbody, which is interpreted as a debris disk surrounding the star. The post-merger mass, rotation rate, and evolution of this star are discussed.
Conclusions. The low Li and Be abundances, in addition to the lack of evidence for a companion, are strong pieces of evidence in favor of the stellar merger scenario. In this context, Be can be used to confirm other blue stragglers among field solar-type stars, as proposed in the literature.
Semi-supervised rotation measure deconvolution and its application to MeerKAT observations of galaxy clusters
Authors: Gustafsson V. , Brüggen M. , Enßlin T. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Faraday rotation contains information about the magnetic field structure along the line of sight and is an important instrument in the study of cosmic magnetism. Traditional Faraday spectrum deconvolution methods such as RMCLEAN face challenges in resolving complex Faraday dispersion functions and handling large datasets.
Aims. We developed a deep learning deconvolution model to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of extracting Faraday rotation measures from radio astronomical data, specifically targeting data from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS).
Methods. We used semi-supervised learning, where the model simultaneously recreates the data and minimizes the difference between the output and the true signal of synthetic data. Performance comparisons with RMCLEAN were conducted on simulated as well as real data for the galaxy cluster Abell 3376.
Results. Our semi-supervised model is able to recover the Faraday dispersion for extended rotation measure (RM) components, while accounting for bandwidth depolarization, resulting in a higher sensitivity for high-RM signals, given the spectral configuration of MGCLS. Applied to observations of Abell 3376, we find detailed magnetic field structures in the radio relics, and several active galactic nuclei. We also applied our model to MeerKAT data of Abell 85, Abell 168, Abell 194, Abell 3186, and Abell 3667.
Conclusions. We have demonstrated the potential of deep learning for improving RM synthesis deconvolution, providing accurate reconstructions at a high computational efficiency. In addition to validating our data against existing polarization maps, we find new and refined features in diffuse sources imaged with MeerKAT.
Time evolution of o-H2D+, N2D+, and N2H+ during the high-mass star formation process
Authors: Sabatini G. , Bovino S. , Redaelli E. , Wyrowski F. , Urquhart J. S. , Giannetti A. , Brand J. , Menten K. M. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Deuterium fractionation is a well-established evolutionary tracer in low-mass star formation, but its applicability to the high-mass regime remains an open question. In this context, the abundances and ratios of different deuterated species have often been proposed as reliable evolutionary indicators for different stages of the high-mass star formation process.
Aims. In this study, we investigate the role of N2H+ and key deuterated molecules (o-H2D+ and N2D+) as tracers of the different stages of the high-mass star formation process. We assess whether their abundance ratios can serve as reliable evolutionary indicators.
Methods. We conducted APEX observations of o-H2D+ (110–111), N2H+ (4−3), and N2D+ (3−2) in a sample of 40 high-mass clumps at different evolutionary stages, selected from the ATLASGAL survey. Molecular column densities and abundances relative to H2, X, were derived through spectral line modelling, both under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE conditions.
Results. The o-H2D+ column densities show the smallest deviation from LTE conditions when derived under non-LTE assumptions. In contrast, N2H+ shows the largest discrepancy between the column densities derived from LTE and non-LTE. In all the cases discussed, we found that X(o-H2D+) decreases more significantly with each respective evolutionary stage than in the case of X(N2D+); whereas X(N2H+) increases slightly. Therefore, the validity of the X(o-H2D+)/X(N2D+) ratio as a reliable evolutionary indicator, recently proposed as a promising tracer of the different evolutionary stages, was not observed for this sample. While the deuteration fraction derived from N2D+ and N2H+ clearly decreases with clump evolution, the interpretation of this trend is complex, given the different distribution of the two tracers.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that a careful consideration of the observational biases and beam-dilution effects are crucial for an accurate interpretation of the evolution of the deuteration process during the high-mass star formation process.
Das Arzthaftungsverfahren aus Sicht des Arztes
Authors: Koller Christian 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Vergleich zu den jährlich stattfindenden Arzt-Patienten-Kontakten bewegen sich die festgestellten Behandlungsfehler im Promillebereich. Erhebt ein Patient Behandlungsfehlervorwürfe, muss der Arzt umgehend seine Berufshaftpflichtversicherung informieren und diese bei der Abwehr der Ansprüche durch eine strukturierte Stellungnahme unterstützen. Weiter ist das Recht des Patienten auf Herausgabe seiner Behandlungsdokumentation zu beachten. Kommt es zu einem Prozess, wird dem Arzt von der Versicherung ein im Arzthaftungsrecht erfahrener Anwalt gestellt. Der Arzt muss in der Regel einmal bei Gericht erscheinen, insbesondere, wenn es um den Vorwurf der unzureichenden Aufklärung geht. Während des ganzen Verfahrens sind sowohl die Versicherung im Rahmen der außergerichtlichen Verhandlung als auch der Rechtsanwalt im Falle eines Prozesses auf die Mitarbeit des Arztes im Hinblick auf die medizinischen Fragestellungen angewiesen.
Rechtlicher Umgang mit Cyberangriffen auf Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens
Authors: Dann Matthias , Nadeborn Diana 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungEinrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens sind beliebte Ziele von Cyberangriffen. Mittels Ransomware wird hierbei auf sensible Daten und Systeme zugegriffen, um Lösegeld zu erpressen. Um dies zu vermeiden und im Falle eines Angriffs möglichst schnell die Cybersicherheit wiederherzustellen, existieren zahlreiche Regelungen, die unter anderem technische und organisatorische Schutzmaßnahmen anordnen.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic
Strategies
Authors: Dwivedi Shivangi , Sikarwar Mukesh Singh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy represents a predominant etiology of end-stage renal disease
(ESRD) on a global scale, significantly impacting the morbidity and mortality
rates of individuals with diabetes. The primary objective of this analysis is to
furnish a comprehensive examination of the etiology, fundamental mechanisms, and
treatment modalities for DN. The development of DN stems from a multitude of
factors, encompassing a intricate interplay involving metabolic irregularities
induced by hyperglycemia, alterations in hemodynamics, inflammatory responses,
oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. Principal mechanisms encompass the
generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), activation of protein
kinase C (PKC), and overexpression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS). These processes precipitate glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertrophy, and
eventually, fibrosis and scarring of the renal parenchyma. Initially,
hyperglycemia triggers mesangial proliferation and thickening of the glomerular
basement membrane in the incipient stages of DN, subsequently leading to
progressive glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Inflammatory
cascades, notably involving cytokines like TGF-β and NF-κB, play pivotal roles
in the advancement of DN by fostering the accumulation of extracellular matrix
and renal fibrosis. Inflammation pathways, particularly those involving
cytokines like TGF-β and NF-κB, play essential roles in diabetic nephropathy
progression by stimulating extracellular matrix accumulation and renal fibrosis.
The presence of oxidative stress, worsened by dysfunctional mitochondria,
contributes further to renal injury via lipid peroxidation and DNA damage.
Current therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy concentrate on
optimizing glycemic control, controlling hypertension, and suppressing the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Among antihypertensive medications, ACE
inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are crucial for decelerating
disease advancement.
Usual On-therapy Ranges of Drug Concentrations in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Vries Tim A.C. , Mallick Imaad U. , Bhagirath Vinai C. , Eikelboom John W. , Gomes Calvin , Yi Qilong , McGrath Sean , Hirsh Jack , Chan Noel C. 
Published: November 2024

Background Although most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) do not require drug concentration measurements, there are situations where such information could be useful. Existing guidance documents provide usual on-therapy ranges for drug concentrations, but these have important limitations.
Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting trough and peak levels of DOAC regimens approved for stroke prevention in AF. We used random effects models and the quantile estimation method to estimate the median and a usual on-therapy range (10th and 90th percentiles).
Results Of 4,822 unique publications, 53 studies met eligibility (29,266 trough and 12,103 peak levels). Usual on-therapy ranges for trough levels were 38 to 155 and 58 to 206 ng/mL for apixaban 2.5 and 5 mg twice daily; 35 to 138 and 33 to 151 ng/mL for dabigatran 110 and 150 mg twice daily; 8 to 54 and 13 to 66 ng/mL for edoxaban 30 and 60 mg daily; and 16 to 74 and 19 to 72 ng/mL for rivaroxaban 15 and 20 mg daily. The corresponding range for peak levels were 96 to 251 and 132 to 343; 65 to 223 and 76 to 285; 57 to 219 and 127 to 407; 131 to 384, and 169 to 313 ng/mL, respectively.
Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis provides updated and more representative usual on-therapy ranges of DOAC levels in patients with AF.
The Impact of Multiarterial Grafting in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Ronai Tom , Abraham Dana , Erez Ely , Witberg Guy , Yishai Yaron , Sharoni Erez , Leviner Dror B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the revascularization modalities available in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Multiple arterial grafting (MAG) is associated with improved long-term outcomes. Data on the benefits of MAG in patients with LVD are limited. We examined the effect of MAG on outcomes across the spectrum of left ventricle (LV) function.
Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing isolated CABG (January 1, 2009, to October 1, 2021). Patients were grouped according to revascularization strategy (single vs. MAG). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [MACCE]). The cumulative incidence of MACCE was plotted using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results were stratified according to LV function (<30%, 30–50%, >50%).
Results Our cohort included 4,763 patients; 1,976 (41.4%) underwent single arterial grafting (SAG), and 2,787 (58.6%) underwent MAG; 3,976 (83.4%) were male with a median age of 64 (interquartile range [IQR] 57–71) years. Distribution of LV function was 2,539 (53.3%) with an ejection fraction (EF) >50%, 1,828 (38.3%) with an EF of 30–50%, and 396 (8.3%) with an EF <30%. Median follow-up time was 64 (37–102) months. Cumulative incidence of MACCE at 72 months was 28.7% in the MAG and 30.3% in the SAG group. Stratified by LV function, the hazard ratio for MACCE at 160 months was 0.71 (95% CI 0.54–0.93), 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.9), and 0.95 (95% CI 0.83–1.09) for LV function <30%, 30–50%, >50%, respectively, with no significant interaction between MAG and LV function.
Conclusion MAG is associated with improved outcomes following CABG across the spectrum of LV function.
Useful treatment selection strategy for endoscopic hemostasis in colonic diverticular bleeding according to endoscopic findings (with video)
Authors: Kishino Takaaki , Kitamura Yoko , Okuda Takashi , Okamoto Naoki , Sawa Takayuki , Yamakawa Maiko , Kanemasa Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDirect or indirect clipping and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) are widely used for hemostasis in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). However, no treatment selection strategy has been established. This report describes our approach and its outcomes.We select direct clipping if the bleeding point is visible and clips could be inserted into the diverticulum. When direct clipping is not feasible, we select EBL as the second choice and indirect clipping as the third. We reviewed data from 192 patients treated with clipping or EBL for definitive CDB with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) at our hospital between March 2016 and February 2023.The hemostatic method was clipping in 84 patients (direct, n=78; indirect, n=6) and EBL in 108. The rate of SRH with active bleeding was significantly higher in the EBL group (33.3% vs. 60.2%, p <0.001). Median hemostasis time was significantly shorter in the clipping group (9 min vs. 22 min, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the 30-day rebleeding rate between clipping and EBL (15.5% vs. 13.0%; P=0.619). There was one case of delayed perforation post-EBL. There were no complications after clipping.Direct clipping when placement of clips at the bleeding point is feasible and EBL when direct clipping is not feasible is a reasonable strategy in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Selection of hemostatic method according to the visual field of SRH and maneuverability of the endoscope allows the advantages of both methods to be realized.
Bilateral Primary Breast Lymphoma Masquerading as Breast Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Vasnik Anusheel Anchal , Chandrakar Pradeep Kumar , Choudhary Vivek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrimary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity, accounting for roughly 0.5% of all primary breast tumors. It commonly presents as a lump, which is frequently confirmed based on histopathological findings, as it is difficult to differentiate from other breast primaries on imaging. On histopathology, the most common subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Prognostic factors are age, histological grade, and stage at diagnosis. We report a case of a 44-year-old female, who came to us with a painless lump in her left breast, after having a modified radical mastectomy for a similar lump in the opposite breast, under the suspicion of carcinoma breast, 25 days ago. Postoperative histopathology report from the right breast was positive for DLBCL, similar to a tru-cut biopsy from the left breast. 18-Fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done, which showed no avid lesions in any other organs. The patient was started on an RCHOP chemotherapy regimen. She responded very well to the treatment. After 4 years, the patient remains disease free with no evidence of any recurrence in yearly follow-up PET scans. Awareness and clinical suspicion of PBL are critical for rapid and precise diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery and better treatment outcomes.