bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatochirurgie bei Kindern: Gegenwärtiger Stand zu Indikation, Anästhesie, Analgesie und potentiellen perioperativen Komplikationen
Authors: Crisan Diana , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Kastler Sabine , Crisan Maria , Manea Avram , Wagner Katja , Schneider Lars Alexander 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAnders als Erwachsene benötigen Kinder bei dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen besondere Aufmerksamkeit; die Anwendung verschiedener Analgetika, Anästhetika oder Sedativa erfordert eine gründliche Kenntnis von Pharmakokinetik und ‐dynamik der Medikamente. Außerdem können Medikamente zur Sedierung/Allgemeinanästhesie bei operierten Kindern zu Anästhesie‐ oder Analgesie‐bedingten Komplikationen einschließlich Störungen der geistigen Entwicklung führen.ZielAuf Basis unserer klinischen Erfahrung und einer Literaturübersicht stellen wir die gängigsten in der pädiatrischen Dermatochirurgie verwendeten Analgetika, Anästhetika und Sedativa dar und diskutieren Risiken und Komplikationen nach dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen.ErgebnisseTopische Anästhetika können bei Kindern für oberflächliche dermatologische Eingriffe oder vor einer Infiltrationsanästhesie eingesetzt werden. Die Berechnung der empfohlenen Maximaldosen auf Basis des Körpergewichts ist erforderlich, um eine Überdosierung von Lokalanästhetika zu vermeiden. Die Allgemeinanästhesie gilt bei der Dermatochirurgie als sicher und hat eine geringe Nebenwirkungsrate. Allerdings ist bei Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr aufgrund potentieller langfristiger neurologischer Nebenwirkungen Vorsicht angebracht. NSAR und Opioide spielen bei der Analgesie von Kindern eine bedeutende Rolle.SchlussfolgerungenDieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die derzeit verfügbaren Daten zu Analgesie, Anästhesie und Komplikationen, die im Rahmen der pädiatrischen Dermatochirurgie auftreten können. Diese Daten können dabei helfen, die Sicherheit und Qualität der Versorgung zu optimieren und die Beratung der Eltern zu verbessern.
Analgesic effects of local anesthetic cream in cryotherapy for warts: a meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Lee Chin‐Yu , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Liu Chia‐Yu , Wang Shu‐Hui , Chi Ching‐Chi 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackground and objectiveLocal anesthetic cream (LAC) has been used for analgesia in various procedures. However, the analgesic effect of LAC in cryotherapy for warts is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of LAC in cryotherapy for warts.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of LAC in cryotherapy for warts. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE on 31 March 2017 for relevant RCTs. Two authors independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. Disagreement was resolved by discussion with a third author.ResultsWe included three RCTs with 228 participants. Two included RCTs had a high risk of reporting bias, with one having a high risk of other bias as well. Use of LAC decreased the pain associated with cryotherapy for warts on the hardened skin of children (visual analogue scale, mean difference –20.80, 95 % confidence interval –40.71 to –0.89), but not in adults or on the nonhardened skin of either adults or children.ConclusionsThe available evidence does not support the routine use of LAC applied for ≤ 60 min in cryotherapy for warts.
S2k‐Leitlinie zum Gebrauch von Präparationen zur lokalen Anwendung auf der Haut (Topika)
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Staubach Petra , Augustin Matthias , Eisert Lisa , Hünerbein Andreas , Nast Alexander , Reimann Holger , Strömer Klaus , Mahler Vera 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie richtet sich an Assistenz‐ und Fachärzte der Dermatologie sowie an Kostenträger und politische Entscheidungsgremien. Die Leitlinie wurde im formellen Konsensusverfahren (S2k) von Dermatologen unter Einbindung von Apothekern erstellt.Die Leitlinie stellt allgemeine Aspekte der Pharmakokinetik sowie der regulatorischen Begrifflichkeiten dar. Es werden Empfehlungen zur Indikation von Magistralrezepturen sowie deren Qualitätssicherung gegeben. Die Bedeutung der galenischen Grundlagen und die Problematik bei einer Substitution gegeneinander verschiedener Grundlagen werden dargestellt. Die Leitlinie umfasst Kriterien zur Auswahl einer adäquaten Grundlage sowie spezifische Aspekte zur Therapieplanung. Die Leitlinie gibt Empfehlungen zum Management bei Unverträglichkeiten gegenüber Bestandteilen der Grundlagen oder Hilfsstoffe.
Philip Potter: Faith and Action
Authors: Sjollema Baldwin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article reviews the role of Philip Potter as general secretary of the World Council of Churches (1972–1984), highlighting his background in the Caribbean, his involvement in mission, and his support for the Programme to Combat Racism. In doing so, it considers those issues to which Potter was deeply committed, including the fundamental unity of Christian witness and service, the correlation of faith and action, and the inseparable connection between the personal spiritual life of Christian believers and their obedient action in the world.
Draft Genome Sequences of Five Novel Ochrobactrum spp. Isolated from Different Avian Hosts in Nigeria
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Killmaster Lindsay F. , Volkening Jeremy D. , Cardenas-Garcia Stivalis , Shittu Ismaila , Meseko Clement A. , Sulaiman Lanre K. , Joannis Tony M. , Miller Patti J. , Afonso Claudio L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of five multidrug-resistant novel
Ochrobactrum
species strains isolated from a pigeon, a duck, and chickens from Nigeria in 2009.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O4:H5 Isolates (ATCC 700414, 700415, 700416, and 700417)
Authors: Xu Aixia , Hertrich Sarah , Needleman David S. , Sheen Shiowshuh , Sommers Christopher 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
serotype O4:H5 isolates (ATCC 700414, 700415, 700416, and 700417) were recovered from women with first-time urinary tract infections. Here, we report the draft genome sequences for these four
E. coli
isolates, which are currently being used to validate food safety processing technologies.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Dictyoglomus sp. from an Enrichment Culture of a New Zealand Geothermal Spring
Authors: Reysenbach Anna-Louise , Donaho John A. , Kelley John F. , St. John Emily , Turner Christina , Podar Mircea , Stott Matthew B. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

A draft genome of a novel
Dictyoglomus
sp., NZ13-RE01, was obtained from a New Zealand hot spring enrichment culture. The 1,927,012-bp genome is similar in both size and G+C content to other
Dictyoglomus
spp. Like its relatives,
Dictyoglomus
sp. NZ13-RE01 encodes many genes involved in complex carbohydrate metabolism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pittsburgh Sewage-Associated Virus 1
Authors: Cantalupo Paul G. , Pipas James M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence of a virus found in raw sewage collected in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Pittsburgh sewage-associated virus 1 (PSAV1) encodes one large open reading frame with conserved domains typically found in the
Picornavirales
order of viruses. PSAV1 is closely related to
Biomphalaria
virus 2 (BV2).
Acupuncture at BL67 for Mild Postpartum Depression: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Tian Chen Bin 
Published: March 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of acupuncture on mild postpartum depression (PPD). Methods 15 patients diagnosed with PPD were enrolled in the study. Patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria received acupuncture therapy eight times over 4 weeks in the form of two 20-min treatment sessions per week. The treatment site was the BL67 acupuncture point (on the outside of the fifth toenail). After disinfecting the skin on the toes, sterile steel needles were gently inserted into the acupuncture point until the patient started to feel numb or swollen, a sensation known as de qi. Acupuncture was performed by the same doctor using HuanQiu stainless steel needles that were 0.2 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the clinical effects of this therapy. Questionnaires were distributed to patients before therapy and 1 week after therapy and were immediately completed and checked. Results Treatment was associated with symptomatic improvement for all patients who adhered to therapy. The nine patients who completed treatment had an average pain score of 6.66 (SD 0.86); these patients’ average pre-treatment pain score was 10.83 (SD 1.47). Six patients who did not complete treatment had an average pain score of 11.23 (SD 1.48); the average pre-treatment pain score of these patients was 10.5 (SD 2.21). Thus, symptoms did not significantly improve for patients who failed to adhere to the therapy. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to HAMD score before treatment (P=0.363). By contrast, asignificant between-group difference in post-treatment HAMD score was detected (P=0.001). Two patients discontinued treatment due to haemorrhage at the site of needling, and four patients discontinued treatment due to the inconvenience of traffic. There were no significant complications. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy at BL67 may alleviate symptoms of mild PPD, however controlled clinical investigations are required to confirm its efficacy and effectiveness for this condition.
What is the prevalence of imaging-defined intra-articular hip pathologies in people with and without pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heerey Joshua J , Kemp Joanne L , Mosler Andrea B , Jones Denise M , Pizzari Tania , Souza Richard B , Crossley Kay M 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIntra-articular hip pathologies are thought to be associated with the development of hip and groin pain. A better understanding of the relationship between symptoms and imaging findings may improve the management of individuals with intra-articular hip pathologies.ObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of intra-articular hip pathologies in individuals with and without pain.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched in February 2017 for studies investigating the prevalence of intra-articular hip pathologies using MRI, MRA or CT. Two independent reviewers conducted the search, study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction. Meta-analysis was performed when studies were deemed homogenous, with a strength of evidence assigned to pooled results.ResultsIn general, studies were moderate to high risk of bias, with only five studies adjudged to be low risk of bias. The 29 studies reporting on the prevalence of intra-articular hip pathologies identified limited evidence of a labral tear prevalence of 62% (95% CI 47% to 75%) in symptomatic individuals, with moderate evidence identifying a labral tear prevalence of 54% (95% CI 41% to 66%) in asymptomatic individuals. Limited evidence demonstrated a cartilage defect prevalence of 64% (95% CI 25% to 91%) in symptomatic individuals, compared with moderate evidence of a cartilage defect prevalence of 12% (95% CI 7% to 21%) in asymptomatic individuals.ConclusionThe prevalence of intra-articular hip pathologies is highly variable in both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations. The prevalence of intra-articular hip pathologies appears to be higher in symptomatic individuals. However, imaging-defined intra-articular hip pathologies are also frequently seen in asymptomatic individuals, highlighting a potential discordant relationship between imaging pathology and pain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016035444.
New episodes of musculoskeletal conditions among employed people in Norway, sickness certification and return to work: a multiregister-based cohort study from primary care
Authors: Gjesdal Sturla , Holmaas Tor Helge , Monstad Karin , Hetlevik Øystein 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo identify new cases of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among employed people presenting in Norwegian primary care in 2012, frequency of sickness certification and length of sick leave. To identify patient-, diagnosis- and GP-related predictors of sickness certification, prolonged sick leave and return to work (RTW).MethodsAn observational multiregister-based cohort study covering all employed persons in Norway(1 176 681 women and 1 330 082 men) based on claims data from all regular GPs merged with individual sociodemographic data from public registers was performed. Participants were employed patients without any GP consultation during the previous 3 months who consulted a GP with a diagnosis of a MSK condition. Those not on sick leave and with a known GP affiliation were included in the analyses. Outcomes were incidence, proportion sickness certified and proportion on sick leave after 16 days, according to the diagnosis, ORs with 95% CIs for sickness certified and for sick leave exceeding 16 days and HRs with 95% CIs for RTW.ResultsOne-year incidence of MSK episodes was 159/1000 among employed women and 156/1000 among employed men. 27.1% of the women and 28.2% of the men were sickness certified in the initial consultation. After 16 days, 10.5% of women and 9.9% of men were still on sick leave. Upper limb problems were most frequent. After adjustments, medium/high education predicted a lower risk of absence from work due to sickness and rapid RTW after 16 days. Back pain, fractures and female gender carried a higher risk of sickness certification but faster RTW. Older age was associated with less initial certification, more sick leave exceeding 16 days and slower RTW. Male patients with male GPs had a lower risk of sickness absence, which was similar to patients with GPs born in Norway and GPs with many patients. After 16 days, GP variables had no effect on RTW.ConclusionUpper limb problems and GPs as stakeholders in ‘the inclusive workplace’ strategy need more attention.
Mainstreamed genetic testing for women with ovarian cancer: first-year experience
Authors: Rahman Belinda , Lanceley Anne , Kristeleit Rebecca S , Ledermann Jonathan A , Lockley Michelle , McCormack Mary , Mould Tim , Side Lucy 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundOvarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death for women in the UK. Up to 18% of cases can be attributed to germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2genes. Identifying patients who carry a BRCA mutation provides important information about potential response to treatment and eligibility for therapies such as poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Implementation of systematic genetic testing of patients with ovarian cancer via oncology clinics (mainstreamed genetic testing, MGT) is increasing.Methods and resultsThis service evaluation reports on the first year of MGT at a tertiary oncology centre in London, UK. In total, 122 patients with high-grade non-mucinous ovarian cancer underwent BRCA germline testing via MGT. Eighteen patients (14.8%) were found to carry a deleterious BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation. Four BRCA carriers did not meet previous criteria for genetic testing and would have been missed. Six BRCA carriers accessed PARP inhibitors post-MGT. Only 22% of patients with a variant of unknown significance (VUS) were referred to clinical genetics services.ConclusionsMGT appears to be a feasible way of providing BRCA testing to patients with ovarian cancer. Greater clarity of how oncologists use VUS results is needed, as well as further research on psychosocial implications of MGT for patients with ovarian cancer, which may include somatic testing in the future.
Introduction of clerking pro forma for surgical spinal patients at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust (London): an audit cycle
Authors: Pace Valerio , Farooqi Omar , Kennedy James , Park Chang , Cowan Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs a tertiary referral centre of spinal surgery, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) handles hundreds of spinal cases a year, often with complex pathology and complex care needs. Despite this, issues were raised at the RNOH following lack of sufficient documentation of preoperative and postoperative clinical findings in spinal patients undergoing major surgery. This is not in keeping with guidelines provided by the Royal College of Surgeons. The authors believe that a standardised clerking pro forma for surgical spinal patients admitted to RNOH would improve the quality of care provided. Therefore, the use of a standard clerking pro forma for all surgical spinal patients could be a useful tool enabling improvements in patients care and safety in keeping with General Medical Council/National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. An audit (with closure of loop) looking into the quality of the preoperative and postoperative clinical documentation for surgical spinal patients was carried out at the RNOH in 2016 (retrospective case note audit comparing preintervention and postintervention documentation standards). Our standardised pro forma allows clinicians to best utilise their time and standardises examination to be compared in a temporal manner during the patients admission and care. It is the authors understanding that this work is a unique study looking at the quality of the admission clerking for surgical spinal patients. Evidently, there remains work to be done for the widespread utilisation of the pro forma. Early results suggest that such a pro forma can significantly improve the documentation in admission clerking with improvements in the quality of care for patients.
Frequency, comprehension and attitudes of physicians towards abbreviations in the medical record
Authors: Hamiel Uri , Hecht Idan , Nemet Achia , Pe’er Liron , Man Vitaly , Hilely Assaf , Achiron Asaf 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsAbbreviations are common in the medical record. Their inappropriate use may ultimately lead to patient harm, yet little is known regarding the extent of their use and their comprehension. Our aim was to assess the extent of their use, their comprehension and physicians’ attitudes towards them, using ophthalmology consults in a tertiary hospital as a model.MethodsWe first mapped the frequency with which English abbreviations were used in the departments’ computerised databases. We then used the most frequently used abbreviations as part of a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the attitudes of non-ophthalmologist physicians towards the abbreviations and their comprehension of them. Finally, we tested whether an online lecture would improve comprehension.Results4375 records were screened, and 235 physicians responded to the survey. Only 42.5% knew at least 10% of the abbreviations, and no one knew them all. Ninety-two per cent of respondents admitted to searching online for the meanings of abbreviations, and 59.1% believe abbreviations should be prohibited in medical records. A short online lecture improved the number of respondents answering correctly at least 50% of the time from 1.2% to 42% (P&lt;0.001).ConclusionsAbbreviations are common in medical records and are frequently misinterpreted. Online teaching is a valuable tool for physician education. The majority of respondents believed that misinterpreting abbreviations could negatively impact patient care, and that the use of abbreviations should be prohibited in medical records. Due to low rates of comprehension and negative attitudes towards abbreviations in medical communications, we believe their use should be discouraged.
Measuring illicit cigarette trade in Colombia
Authors: Maldonado Norman , Llorente Blanca Amalia , Iglesias Roberto Magno , Escobar Diego 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundBy 2016, tobacco industry provided the only illicit trade estimates in Colombia and used these to discourage tax increases since the 1990s. To establish the viability of a threefold hike in the excise tax, policy makers needed unbiased estimates of the illicit cigarette.ObjectiveTo estimate the size of illicit cigarette trade in five Colombian cities (63% of the market), analyse characteristics of smokers of illicit cigarettes and compare market share results with one industry-funded survey.MethodsStreet cross-sectional survey with smokers’ self-report on consumption pattern, last purchase information and direct observation of smoker’s packs. Sampling frame: smokers, men and women, 12 years old or older, all income levels, resident in five Colombian cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena and Cúcuta) with 1 733 316 smokers in 2013. Sample size 1697, simple random sample by city, sampling weights based on age groups and cities. Confidence level 95%, margin of error 3.5% for Bogotá and Medellín and 5% for the other three cities. Data collection period: 24 August–14 September 2016.ResultsIllicit cigarettes represent 3.5% of consumption in the five cities, a much lower estimate than the industry data. There are significant differences across cities, with Bogotá at the bottom (1.5%) and Cúcuta at the top (22.8%).ConclusionThe low overall penetration of illicit cigarettes in Colombia indicates that the industry’s warnings against tax increases are not justified. The limited importance of tax levels as determinant of consumption of illicit cigarettes is also suggested by the differences across cities, all of them with the same tax regime.
Sex Differences in Long-Term Cause-Specific Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Raphael Claire E. , Singh Mandeep , Bell Malcolm , Crusan Daniel , Lennon Ryan J. , Lerman Amir , Prasad Abhiram , Rihal Charanjit S. , Gersh Bernard J. , Gulati Rajiv 
Published: March 2018

Background—
Women have higher rates of all-cause mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Whether this is because of greater age and comorbidity burden or a sex-specific factor remains unclear.

Methods and Results—

We retrospectively assessed cause-specific long-term mortality after index percutaneous coronary intervention over 3 time periods (1991–1997, 1998–2005, and 2006–2012). Cause of death was determined using telephone interviews, medical records, and death certificates. We performed competing risks analyses of cause-specific mortality. A total of 6847 women and 16 280 men survived index percutaneous coronary intervention hospitalization 1991 to 2012. Women were older (mean±SD: 69.4±12 versus 64.8±11.7 years;
P
<0.001) with more comorbidities (mean±SD: Charlson index 2.1±2.1 versus 1.9±2.1;
P
<0.001). Across the 3 time periods, both sexes exhibited a decline in cardiac deaths at 5 years (26% relative decrease in women, 17% in men, trend
P
<0.001 for each). Although women had higher all-cause mortality compared with men in all eras, the excess mortality was because of noncardiac deaths. In the contemporary era, only a minority of deaths were cardiac (33.8% in women, 38.0% in men). After adjustment, there was no evidence for a sex-specific excess of risk for cardiac or noncardiac mortality. The commonest causes of death were chronic diseases and heart failure in women (5-year cumulative mortality, 5.4% and 3.9%) but cancer and myocardial infarction/sudden death in men (5.4% and 4.3%).

Conclusions—
The higher mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in women is because of death from noncardiac causes. This is accounted for by baseline age and comorbidities rather than an additional sex-specific factor. These findings have implications for sex-specific clinical care and trial design.