bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol supplementation reduces oxidative stress and modulates the immune response in free‐living animals during a viral infection
Authors: Sebastiano Manrico , Eens Marcel , Messina Simone , AbdElgawad Hamada , Pineau Kévin , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Chastel Olivier , Costantini David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Diet quality may have an important effect on the regulation of oxidative status and the immune system during an infectious disease. However, the relationship among intake of specific dietary molecules, an individual’s oxidative status and the occurrence and progress of a viral disease remains almost unexplored in free‐living organisms.

Here, we study a wild, long‐lived animal, the Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens to investigate: (a) the differences in a number of physiological traits (biomarkers of blood oxidative status, corticosterone (CORT), immunity and inflammation) between sick and healthy nestlings; and (b) whether experimentally increased intake of resveratrol (a polyphenol with antioxidant and antiviral properties) affects these physiological markers during the progress of a severe viral disease.

Birds with visible clinical signs showed higher oxidative damage, haemolysis and haemagglutination scores and lower antioxidant defences in comparison with birds without clinical signs. At the end of the experiment, supplemented birds showed the following: (a) increased plasma haptoglobin levels and circulating antioxidant defences; (b) reduced generation of lipid oxidative damage; and (c) negligible to no influence on immune markers, baseline CORT levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Our work illustrates how the availability of specific organic molecules in the diet may constrain the individuals’ capacity to cope with viral infections in free‐living animals.

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Plant functional diversity and nutrient availability can improve restoration of floating fens via facilitation, complementarity and selection effects
Authors: van Zuidam Jeroen P. , van Leeuwen Casper H. A. , Bakker Elisabeth S. , Verhoeven Jos T. A. , Ijff Stéphanie , Peeters Edwin T. H. M. , van Zuidam Bastiaan G. , Soons Merel B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Peat‐forming wetlands, particularly floating fens that form the initial stages of these ecosystems, are declining globally due to excavation, dehydration and eutrophication. Restoration typically involves reestablishment of early‐successional open‐water stages, with oligotrophic conditions that are characteristic for these systems. However, restoration success is notoriously limited. A potential improvement may be to initiate succession by reintroducing of target plant species. Knowledge is therefore needed on (a) which plant functional groups should be re‐introduced to stimulate fen formation; and (b) how to manage nutrient levels during restoration, considering that plant growth may be slow in oligotrophic conditions.

We hypothesized that increasing functional diversity of introduced species would stimulate the formation of peat‐forming target communities, their biomass accumulation and expansion onto open water. We also hypothesized that nutrient availability would mediate the relative contribution of specific functional groups to these effects. We investigated this in 36 artificial outdoor ponds by manipulating plant functional diversity (clonal dominants, clonal stress‐tolerators and interstitials) on constructed rafts with fen‐forming communities, and subjected these to a range of nutrient loadings over 2 years.

Increasing functional diversity as well as increasing nutrient loadings had stimulating effects on plant biomass accumulation, cover formation and rhizome growth onto open water. Both complementarity (due to niche partitioning or facilitation) and selection effects were mechanisms underlying the diversity effect, with a constant relative importance over the entire range of nutrient availabilities. Different functional groups were important for biomass production at different nutrient availabilities. Rhizome formation by clonal stress‐tolerators contributed disproportionately to open water colonization, identifying this functional group as key across all nutrient levels.

Synthesis and applications. Restoration of floating fen communities can be stimulated during the first 2 years by introducing a high functional diversity of plant species. These include fast‐growing clonal species, clonal stress‐tolerators and interstitials, which facilitate each other. Restoration is dependent on the presence of clonal stress‐tolerators such as Calla palustris, Comarum palustre and Menyanthes trifoliata for expansion onto the open water. Furthermore, restoration can start under a wide range of water nutrient levels, including eutrophic conditions.
Metropolitan Strategies and Climate Governance: Towards New Evaluative Approaches
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong , Davidson Kathryn , Gleeson Brendan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the new millennium, cities have become an emerging force among new forms of subnational climate governance. Of interest is how cities act unilaterally and directly in this new climate politics via the provision of relevant tools. Since metropolitan planning strategies have been considered as important mechanisms for achieving urban sustainability in this period, this research has sought to investigate the importance of these master plans in the delivery of urban responses to climate change. For this purpose, the study has employed a qualitative research methodology with the application of a comparative case study and the progression of a conceptual framework for evaluating climate policies in metropolitan plans of two selected cities—London and Melbourne. The study's results suggest that both the ‘London Plan’ and ‘Plan Melbourne’ incorporate critical elements to enhance climate governance, including the promotion of coordination principles, innovative technologies, a participatory planning approach and a long‐term planning scale. However, the review identified a consistent omission of key principles as identified through the proposed matrix for analysing the climate policies of a city's government, which include risk assessment tools, monitoring systems, distribution, impact frame and accountability. Moreover, the research also revealed the lack of vertical integration in policy formulation and implementation of ‘Plan Melbourne’. Our study suggests that a city's governance structure influences the way it undertakes its climate actions and the potential efficacy of these on a metropolitan scale.
Beneficial Effect of Intradialytic Electrical Muscle Stimulation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suzuki Tadashi , Ikeda Masato , Minami Masayoshi , Matayoshi Yukiko , Nakao Masatsugu , Nakamura Takayoshi , Abo Masahiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany hemodialysis (HD) patients cannot perform self‐administered exercise training for their muscle wasting, weakness, and sarcopenia. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has the advantages of easy application, and minimal risks for these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intradialytic EMS. This was a prospective, open‐label, randomized controlled trial. Twenty‐nine HD patients were randomly assigned to either the EMS group or the control (no training) group, and 13 patients in each group were eventually analyzed. The EMS group received intradialytic EMS over an 8‐week period. Measurement of isometric knee extensor strength using a handheld dynamometer, evaluation of the quadriceps cross‐sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) for physical function assessment, the Japanese version of the Short Form‐8 Health Survey (SF‐8), and blood tests were performed before and after the intervention period. The primary and secondary outcomes were improvement of quadriceps muscle strength and size, respectively. The EMS group demonstrated significant improvement compared with the control group in terms of knee extensor strength (right: 22.3 ± 12.8 vs. −10.8 ± 22.3 N, P < 0.001; left: 26.1 ± 29.7 vs. −8.3 ± 18.7 N, P < 0.001), quadriceps CSA at three positions, 25, 50, and 75% of the segment length from the greater trochanter to the inferior border of the lateral epicondyle of the femur (25% right: EMS group 1.7 ± 2.0 vs. Control group −0.4 ± 1.8cm2, P = 0.05; 25% left: EMS group 1.3 ± 1.1 vs. Control group −0.6 ± 1.8cm2, P = 0.01; 50% right: EMS group 2.0 ± 2.2 vs. Control group −0.7 ± 1.9cm2, P = 0.004; 50% left: EMS group 2.7 ± 2.1 vs. Control group −0.7 ± 1.6cm2, P = 0.001; 75% right: EMS group 1.8 ± 2.2 vs. Control group −0.7 ± 1.5cm2, P = 0.003; 75% left: EMS group 2.1 ± 1.9 vs. Control group −0.4 ± 1.5cm2, P = 0.003); and TUG time (–0.8 ± 0.6 vs. 0.2 ± 0.5s, P < 0.001). The EMS group showed improvement after intervention in all components of SF‐8, but these were not statistically significant. EMS could be an effective exercise training tool for HD patients with either muscle wasting, weakness, or sarcopenia.
Incidence, prevalence and clinical outcome of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Eriksson Carl , Henriksson Ida , Brus Ole , Zhulina Yaroslava , Nyhlin Nils , Tysk Curt , Montgomery Scott , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe incidence and short‐term outcome of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are largely unknown.AimTo determine the incidence, prevalence and clinical outcome of anaemia in terms of resolution of anaemia within 12 months. We also planned to assess risk factors for anaemia in IBD.MethodsA random sample of 342 patients was obtained from the population‐based IBD cohort of Örebro University Hospital, Sweden, consisting of 1405 patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2010. Haemoglobin measurements recorded from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013 were extracted from the Clinical Chemistry data system.ResultsIn Crohn's disease, the incidence rate of anaemia was 19.3 (95% CI: 15.4‐23.7) per 100 person‐years and the prevalence was 28.7% (CI: 22.0‐36.2), compared with 12.9 (CI: 9.8‐16.5) and 16.5% (CI: 11.2‐22.9) for ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease was associated with an increased incidence (OR = 1.60; CI: 1.02‐2.51) and prevalence of anaemia (OR = 2.04; CI: 1.20‐3.46) compared to ulcerative colitis. Stricturing disease phenotype in Crohn's disease (HR = 2.59; CI: 1.00‐6.79) and extensive disease in ulcerative colitis (HR = 2.40; CI: 1.10‐5.36) were associated with an increased risk of anaemia. Despite a higher probability of receiving specific therapy within 3 months from the diagnosis of anaemia, Crohn's disease patients had a worse outcome in terms of resolution of anaemia within 12 months (56% vs 75%; P = 0.03).ConclusionsAnaemia is a common manifestation of IBD even beyond the first years after the diagnosis of IBD. Crohn's disease is associated with both an increased risk and a worse outcome.
Review article: treating‐to‐target for inflammatory bowel disease‐associated anaemia
Authors: Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Lopez Anthony , Cummings J. R. Fraser , Dignass Axel , Detlie Trond Espen , Danese Silvio 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundIron deficiency has a high prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, with negative impact on quality of life and work capacity.AimTo propose an innovative approach based on early intervention, treating to target and tight monitoring in the management of iron deficiency in IBD patients.MethodsWe conducted a literature review on PubMed and Medline using pre‐defined keywords and terms to identify relevant studies on iron deficiency in IBD.ResultsMany physicians are focused on treating anaemia; however, anaemia is one of the consequences of iron deficiency. Hence, our therapeutic goal for these patients should evolve towards prevention of anaemia by screening and treating iron deficiency. Early diagnosis of iron deficiency is based on a combination of ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation. We consider that normalisation of these biomarkers reflects iron stores replenishment and should be considered as a major therapeutic goal. Treating iron deficiency regardless of the presence of anaemia seems to improve quality of life in several chronic conditions and should be considered as an innovative approach in IBD although strong evidence is still lacking. Tight monitoring is required to allow early detection of iron deficiency recurrence and to consider prompt additional iron supplementation.ConclusionWe propose to extrapolate a three‐step strategy (early detection and intervention, treating‐to‐target and tight monitoring) to the management of iron deficiency in IBD patients. Universally applied, this proactive approach is expected to result in better outcomes in IBD patients.
Native‐born German and immigrant children's development of emotion knowledge: A latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Voltmer Katharina , von Salisch Maria 
Published: August 2018

Young children in immigrant families tend to face more challenges and can often call upon fewer resources than their native‐born peers. This situation adversely affects their social–emotional development. In this study, the development of emotion knowledge of 576 immigrant and native‐born German children, aged 3–6 years, was compared at three time points over a 12‐month period by means of a latent growth curve analysis. Language abilities and behavioural self‐regulation were examined as mediators of the relation between immigration background and emotion knowledge. The immigrant children showed less emotion knowledge than did their native‐born peers at each point of measurement. These effects were partially mediated by their behavioural self‐regulation and their language abilities. How behavioural self‐regulation and language abilities affect the development of emotion knowledge and what this effect means for interventions are discussed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Emotion knowledge develops rapidly between the ages of three and six.

Emotion knowledge develops similarly in different cultures.

What does this study adds?

This study compares the development of emotion knowledge between immigrant children and native‐born children.

It includes language skills as mediator on the development of emotion knowledge.

It also includes behavioural self‐regulation as mediator on the development of emotion knowledge.
Parental use of spatial language and gestures in early childhood
Authors: Kısa Yağmur Deniz , Aktan‐Erciyes Aslı , Turan Eylül , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: August 2018

Parents’ use of spatial language and gestures is closely linked to children's spatial language development. Little is known about the quantity and quality of early spatial input and how infants’ individual characteristics may be related to the spatial input they receive. Here, we examine (1) the amount and type of spatial input 16‐ to 21‐month‐old Turkish‐learning children (n = 34) received in the context of a spatial activity (puzzle play) and (2) whether parental spatial input in the form of speech and gesture varies based on children's age, sex, and early spatial vocabulary comprehension assessed in an earlier session. Results of the regression analyses showed that parents’ use of spatial words was predicted by children's age over and beyond earlier spatial word comprehension and sex. In particular, parents used more spatial speech as their children got older even in this restricted age range. Children's early spatial word comprehension also correlated with parents’ spatial word production. Yet, parents’ overall gesture use and gestures with spatial words were not predicted by children's age, sex, or early spatial word comprehension. These findings suggest that in the spatial domain, early verbal input, but not gestural input, can change depending on children's age and children's spatial vocabulary comprehension may also be related to parental use of later spatial language.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Parents enhance their children's spatial skills using spatial language and gestures.

Parental spatial talk is related to children's later spatial skills.

What does this study add?

We assess both spatial talk and gesture in early childhood.

We examine the children's characteristics (age, sex) in relation to spatial talk and gesture.

We present how children's earlier vocabulary competence relates to parental input.
Increased β2-adrenoceptor phosphorylation in airway smooth muscle in severe asthma: possible role of mast cell-derived growth factors
Authors: Chachi L , Alzahrani A , Koziol-White C , Biddle M , Bagadood R , Panettieri R A , Bradding P , Amrani Y 
Published: August 2018

Summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether growth factors produced by activated human lung mast cells (HLMCs) impair β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) function in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Protein array analysis confirmed the presence of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, in the supernatants of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-activated HLMCs which, when applied to ASM cells, impaired albuterol-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, an effect that was prevented following neutralization of TGF-β1. This blunted β2-AR response was reproduced by treating ASM cells with TGF-β1 or fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, which induced β2-AR phosphorylation at tyrosine residues Tyr141 and Tyr350, and significantly reduced the maximal bronchorelaxant responses to isoproterenol in human precision cut lung slices (PCLS). Finally, ASM cells isolated from severe asthmatics displayed constitutive elevated β2-AR phosphorylation at both Tyr141 and Tyr350 and a reduced relaxant response to albuterol. This study shows for the first time that abnormal β2-AR phosphorylation/function in ASM cells that is induced rapidly by HLMC-derived growth factors, is present constitutively in cells from severe asthmatics.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on free and total vitamin D: A comparison of Asians and Caucasians
Authors: Gopal‐Kothandapani Jaya Sujatha , Evans Lucy Faith , Walsh Jennifer S. , Gossiel Fatma , Rigby Alan S. , Eastell Richard , Bishop Nick J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesIt is well established that UK Asians typically have lower vitamin D levels than Caucasians. It is also known that vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is lower in some races than Caucasians. To investigate how ethnicity, skin colour and genetic variation affect the response to vitamin D (15000 IU) administered to young Asian and Caucasian men.DesignProspective, single‐centre clinical trial.ParticipantsSixty young men (18‐25 year) of Asian (n = 30) and Caucasian (n = 30) origin.MeasurementsWe measured serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, parathyroid hormone; total 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD); calculated and directly measured free 25OHD; DBP at baseline and 4 weeks; DBP genotype, skin colour (Fitzpatrick scale), dietary vitamin D and calcium intake at baseline; and urine calcium:creatinine ratio at baseline, 1 and 4 weeks.ResultsAt baseline, Asians had lower serum total 25OHD (26.4 [13.7] vs 34.1 [12.3] nmol/L P = 0.0272) and DBP (6.7 [3.4] vs 9.6 [4.4] nmol/L; P = 0.0065) but similar free 25OHD (16.7 [10.4] vs 17.8 [7.5] pmol/L P = 0.6530). After dosing, total 25OHD rose similarly in each group (≈56 nmol/L), but measured free 25OHD rose more in Asians (18.1 [9.4] vs 12.2 [13.3] pmol/L P = 0.0464). Lower DBP at baseline, possibly reflecting genotype differences, was associated with a greater change in measured free 25OHD in Caucasians, but not in Asians.ConclusionsAsian compared with Caucasian males had a larger increment in measured free 25OHD following 150 000 units vitamin D3, possibly reflecting differences in DBP affinity for 25OHD. Ethnicity should be considered when devising guidelines for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
2‐(2‐nitrobenzylidene) indolin‐3‐one compound inhibits transmembrane prostate androgen‐induced protein (TMEPAI) expression and cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Li Yuyin , Wang Jianjun , Song Ning , Zeng Feihong , Zhao Miaomiao , Wang Ali , Chen Yue , Jing Lei , Yu Peng , Diao Aipo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe transmembrane prostate androgen‐induced protein (TMEPAI) is aberrantly expressed in many cancer and plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis, which makes it a potential cancer therapeutic target for drug discovery.Materials and methodsHere, we employed a firefly luciferase reporter driven by the TMEPAI gene promoter to screen for compound capable of inhibiting the expression of TMEPAI, and the effects of TMEPAI inhibitor on cancer cell proliferation were evaluated using the colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, Ki‐67 immunofluorescence assay and EdU incorporation assay.Results2‐(2‐nitrobenzylidene) indolin‐3‐one (JHY‐A007‐50) was identified and shown to effectively inhibit the TMEPAI promoter activity. Further studies revealed that JHY‐A007‐50 specifically inhibited the expression of TMEPAI at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we found that JHY‐A007‐50 could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Our results showed that overexpression of TMEPAI decreased the inhibitory effects of JHY‐A007‐50 on cancer cell proliferation, and JHY‐A007‐50 did not affect the cell viability of HeLa cells knocked down of TMEPAI.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that compound JHY‐A007‐50 mediates the downregulation of TMEPAI expression and inhibits cell proliferation in cancer cells.
A novel inhibitor of ADAM17 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5‐Fluorouracil by reversing Notch and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Dan‐Dan , Zhao Chang‐Hao , Ding Huai‐Wei , Wu Qiong , Ren Tian‐Shu , Wang Jian , Chen Cong‐Qin , Zhao Qing‐Chun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesColorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies both in men and women. Owing to metastasis and resistance, the prognosis of colorectal cancerCRC patients remains extremely poor with chemotherapy. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) induces the activation of Notch pathway and contributes to the chemoresistance. This study aimed to discover a novel ADAM17 inhibitor and investigate the chemosensitization effect.Materials and methodsPharmacophore model, western blot and enzymatic assay were used to discover ZLDI‐8. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony formation assay. Cell migratory and invasive ability were determined by wound healing scratch and transwell assay. Immunofluorescence images and western blot analysed the expression of Notch or epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway markers. Xenografts were employed to evaluate the chemosensitization effect of ZLDI‐8 in vivo.ResultsWe found that ZLDI‐8 cell‐specifically inhibited the proliferation of CRC, and this effect was due to abrogation of ADAM17 and Notch pathway. Meanwhile, we reported for the first time that ZLDI‐8 synergistically improved the anti‐tumour and anti‐metastasis activity of 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan by reversing Notch and EMT pathways. Interestingly, in vivo studies further demonstrated that ZLDI‐8 promoted the anti‐tumour effect of 5‐fluorouracil through Notch and EMT reversal.ConclusionsA novel ADAM17 inhibitor ZLDI‐8 may be a potential chemosensitizer which sensitized CRC cells to 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan by reversing Notch and EMT pathways.