bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position, Preference and Personality: A Microlevel Explanation of Negativity in Day‐To‐Day Politics
Authors: Ketelaars Pauline 
Published: January 2019

While many scholars investigate the determinants of negativity in the political sphere, it remains largely unclear why some politicians are more negative than others. Studies thus far lack explanations at the individual level, and they almost exclusively focus on negativity during electoral races. Surveying national and regional representatives in Belgium (N = 228), this study seeks to explain individual politicians’ willingness to go negative during everyday politics. The results show that negativity is not so much related to institutionally driven differences between representatives but more to politicians’ personal characteristics and preference roles. Negative politics, hence, is not an inevitable result of institutional structures, rules, and norms, but rather depends on the characteristics and motivations of the individual representatives citizens elect.
Recent advances in bovine sperm cryopreservation techniques with a focus on sperm post‐thaw quality optimization
Authors: Grötter Laura Guadalupe , Cattaneo Luciano , Marini Patricia Estela , Kjelland Michael E. , Ferré Luis B. 
Published: January 2019

ContentsSperm cryopreservation facilitates the storage and transport of germplasm for its use in artificial insemination (AI) and other advanced reproductive technologies. The cryopreservation process can damage sperm and compromise functionality. Several cryobiological studies have found that the physical and biological factors that affect sperm survival at low temperatures during the cryopreservation process often involve the integrity of sperm membrane. In this review, the behaviour of the sperm membrane against cooling, cold shock, ice crystal formation, oxidative stress, osmotic changes, reorganization of the lipid bilayer and addition of cryoprotective agents (CPA) is discussed. In addition, the phenomenon of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its relationship with the cryopreservation process is also described. Semen cryopreservation techniques have progressed slowly in past years, and the current performance, measured as post‐thawed survival, is not very different compared to past decades. Recent advances in understanding the structure of the cell membrane, its function and metabolism have driven to new conservation systems, including lyophilization and vitrification. However, none of these technologies is commercially available, although its future appears very promising.
Downregulated Rac1 promotes apoptosis and inhibits the clearance of apoptotic cells in airway epithelial cells, which may be associated with airway hyper‐responsiveness in asthma
Authors: Wan Jie , Cao Yuwen , Abdelaziz Mohamed Hamed , Huang Lan , Kesavan Dinesh Kumar , Su Zhaoliang , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe accumulation of airway apoptotic cells may be an important factor causing airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR). Whether the apoptotic cells can be promptly removed is related to the occurrence and course of asthma. In recent years, studies have shown that Rac1 is involved in many cellular biological activities including the formation and elimination of apoptotic cells. In this study, based on the analysis of airway local cells and related factors in asthmatic mice, we evaluated the expression of Rac1 in airway epithelial cells or phagocytes and analysed its relationship with the incidence of apoptosis or scavenging of apoptotic cells. Our data showed that the expression level of Rac1 in asthmatic mice decreased significantly, while the expression of IL‐33 increased obviously. The airway epithelial cell line was stimulated by curcumin at 50 μmol/L for 24‐48 hours; more than 50% of the cells were apoptotic, and of which, about 20% were late apoptosis. Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) can enhance the apoptosis effect. In addition, the ability of phagocytosis and migration in the epithelial cells or macrophages was increased following the application of Rac1 inhibitors or specific siRNA in a dose‐dependent manner, and the expression level of IL‐33 was simultaneously increased after blocking Rac1. It is suggested that the down regulation of Rac1 in asthma may contribute to the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells and affect the clearance of apoptotic cells, which will lead to the aggregation of the apoptotic cells in the respiratory tract and participate in AHR.
Association of fried food consumption with all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Yangbo , Liu Buyun , Snetselaar Linda G , Robinson Jennifer G , Wallace Robert B , Peterson Lindsay L , Bao Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prospective association of total and individual fried food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality in women in the United States.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWomen’s Health Initiative conducted in 40 clinical centers in the US.Participants106 966 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 at study entry who were enrolled between September 1993 and 1998 in the Women’s Health Initiative and followed until February 2017.Main outcome measuresAll cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality.Results31 558 deaths occurred during 1 914 691 person years of follow-up. For total fried food consumption, when comparing at least one serving per day with no consumption, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.16) for all cause mortality and 1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) for cardiovascular mortality. When comparing at least one serving per week of fried chicken with no consumption, the hazard ratio was 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) for all cause mortality and 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) for cardiovascular mortality. For fried fish/shellfish, the corresponding hazard ratios were 1.07 (1.03 to 1.12) for all cause mortality and 1.13 (1.04 to 1.22) for cardiovascular mortality. Total or individual fried food consumption was not generally associated with cancer mortality.ConclusionsFrequent consumption of fried foods, especially fried chicken and fried fish/shellfish, was associated with a higher risk of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in women in the US.
The WHO-INTEGRATE evidence to decision framework version 1.0: integrating WHO norms and values and a complexity perspective
Authors: Rehfuess Eva A , Stratil Jan M , Scheel Inger B , Portela Anayda , Norris Susan L , Baltussen Rob 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionEvidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks intend to ensure that all criteria of relevance to a health decision are systematically considered. This paper, part of a series commissioned by the WHO, reports on the development of an EtD framework that is rooted in WHO norms and values, reflective of the changing global health landscape, and suitable for a range of interventions and complexity features. We also sought to assess the value of this framework to decision-makers at global and national levels, and to facilitate uptake through suggestions on how to prioritise criteria and methods to collect evidence.MethodsIn an iterative, principles-based approach, we developed the framework structure from WHO norms and values. Preliminary criteria were derived from key documents and supplemented with comprehensive subcriteria obtained through an overview of systematic reviews of criteria employed in health decision-making. We assessed to what extent the framework can accommodate features of complexity, and conducted key informant interviews among WHO guideline developers. Suggestions on methods were drawn from the literature and expert consultation.ResultsThe new WHO-INTEGRATE (INTEGRATe Evidence) framework comprises six substantive criteria—balance of health benefits and harms,human rights and sociocultural acceptability,health equity,equality and non-discrimination,societal implications,financial and economic considerations, andfeasibility and health system considerations—and the meta-criterionquality of evidence. It is intended to facilitate a structured process of reflection and discussion in a problem-specific and context-specific manner from the start of a guideline development or other health decision-making process. For each criterion, the framework offers a definition, subcriteria and example questions; it also suggests relevant primary research and evidence synthesis methods and approaches to assessing quality of evidence.ConclusionThe framework is deliberately labelled version 1.0. We expect further modifications based on focus group discussions in four countries, example applications and input across concerned disciplines.
Access to mobile phone and willingness to receive mHealth services among patients with diabetes in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jemere Adamu Takele , Yeneneh Yohannes Ezezew , Tilahun Biniam , Fritz Fleur , Alemu Shitaye , Kebede Mihiretu 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed at determining access to mobile phone and willingness to receive mobile phone-based diabetes health services as well as identify associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2016.ParticipantsSystematic randomly selected 423 patients with diabetes.SettingUniversity of Gondar Hospital diabetic clinic.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was willingness to receive diabetic health service via mobile phone voice call or messaging services.ResultsOut of 423 patients with diabetes, 329 (77.8%) had access to a mobile phone. Among the latter, 232 (70.5%) were willing to receive mobile phone-based health services. The educational status of patients (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2 to 5.58)), route of medication (AOR: 3.2 (95% CI: 1.44 to 7.1)), transportation mechanism (AOR: 4.1 (95% CI: 1.2 to 13.57)), travel time to health facility (AOR: 0.3 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.82)), current use of mobile phone as appointment reminder (AOR: 2.6 (95% CI: 1.07 to 6.49)) and locking mobile phone with passwords (AOR: 4.6 (95% CI: 1.63 to 12.95)) were significantly associated with the willingness to receive mobile phone-based diabetic health services.ConclusionAccess to a mobile phone and willingness to receive mobile phone-based health services were high. Educational status, route of medication, transportation mechanism, time to reach the service, using mobile phone as appointment reminder and locking mobile phone with passwords were significantly associated factors. Given the high proportion of access and willingness of patients to receive mobile phone-based health services, mHealth interventions could be helpful.
Advance care planning for patients with advanced illnesses attending hospital outpatient clinics study: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rhee Joel , Meller Anne , Krysinska Karolina , Gonski Peter , Naganathan Vasi , Zwar Nicholas , Hayen Andrew , Cullen John , O’Keefe Julie-Ann , McDonald Julie , Harris-Roxas Ben , Caplan Gideon A 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionIt is unclear whether advance care planning (ACP) undertaken with patients living in the community can improve patient care and avoid unwanted interventions and hospital admissions. We have designed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine if ACP undertaken with patients with advanced illnesses attending hospital outpatient clinics can reduce unplanned hospital admissions and improve patient and caregiver well-being.Methods and analysisPragmatic RCT involving patients from subspecialty outpatient clinics at five clinical sites in Sydney, Australia. Participants will be ≥18 years screened as potentially having palliative care needs and at risk of dying in 6–12 months. The patients will be randomised to intervention or control group. Intervention group will undertake ACP discussions facilitated by a trained health professional. The control group will receive written information on ACP, representing the current standard of care. The primary outcome is the number of unplanned hospital admissions at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: (i) patient’s health-related quality-of-life and quality of chronic disease care; (ii) caregiver’s health-related quality-of-life and caregiver burden and (iii) other health outcomes including ambulance usage, emergency department presentations, hospital admissions, resuscitation attempts, intensive care unit admissions, deaths, documentation of patient wishes in patient records and audit of ACP discussions and documents. The staff’s self-reported attitudes and knowledge of ACP will also be measured. The data will be collected using self-report questionnaires, hospital records audit, audit of ACP documentation and data linkage analysis. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationApproved by South-East Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee and NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated via conference presentations, journal publications, seminars and invited talks.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000280303.
Long-term follow-up for Psychological stRess in Intensive CarE (PRICE) survivors: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study in Australian intensive care units
Authors: Rai Sumeet , Brown Rhonda , van Haren Frank , Neeman Teresa , Rajamani Arvind , Sundararajan Krishnaswamy , Mitchell Imogen 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThere are little published data on the long-term psychological outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their family members in Australian ICUs. In addition, there is scant literature evaluating the effects of psychological morbidity in intensive care survivors on their family members. The aims of this study are to describe and compare the long-term psychological outcomes of intubated and non-intubated ICU survivors and their family members in an Australian ICU setting.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective observational cohort study across four ICUs in Australia. The study aims to recruit 150 (75 intubated and 75 non-intubated) adult ICU survivors and 150 family members of the survivors from 2015 to 2018. Long-term psychological outcomes and effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be evaluated at 3 and 12 months follow-up using validated and published screening tools. The primary objective is to compare the prevalence of affective symptoms in intubated and non-intubated survivors of intensive care and their families and its effects on HRQoL. The secondary objective is to explore dyadic relations of psychological outcomes in patients and their family members.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the relevant human research ethics committees (HREC) of Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Health (ETH.11.14.315), New South Wales (HREC/16/HNE/64), South Australia (HREC/15/RAH/346). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented to the local intensive care community and other stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000880549; Pre-results.
Improving surgical informed consent in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: A before and after study
Authors: Teshome Million , Wolde Zenebe , Gedefaw Abel , Asefa Anteneh 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesEven though surgical informed consent (SIC) has marked benefits, in many settings the information is not provided appropriately. In Ethiopia, minimal attention is given to SIC. This study assesses whether an intervention designed to improve SIC in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries is associated with receipt of SIC components.DesignPre-intervention and post-intervention surveys were conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital among women who underwent obstetric or gynaecologic surgeries. The intervention consisted of a 3-day training on standard counselling for surgical procedures offered to health professionals. A total of 457 women were surveyed (230 pre-intervention, 227 post-intervention). An adjusted Poisson regression analysis was used to identify the association between the intervention and the number of SIC components received.ResultsThe majority of participants were 25–34 years of age in both the pre-intervention and post-intervention groups (p=0.66). 45.7% of the pre-intervention and 51.5% of the post-intervention survey participants underwent elective surgery (p=0.21). Additionally, 70.4% of pre-intervention survey participants received counselling immediately before surgery, compared with 62.4% of post-intervention participants (p<0.001). 5.7% of pre-intervention and 6.6% of post-intervention participants reported the belief that SIC consists entirely of signing on a piece of paper (p=0.66). After controlling for effects of potential confounders, the number of SIC components reported by post-intervention survey participants was 16% higher than what is received by pre-intervention ones (adjusted coefficient=1.16 (1.06–1.28)). Having elective versus emergency surgery was not associated with the number of components received by participants in either group (adjusted coefficient=0.98 (0.88–1.09)).ConclusionTraining on the delivery of standard SIC is associated with receipt of a higher number of standard counselling components. However, there is a need to evaluate whether a one-time intervention leads to sustained improvement. A system-wide study of factors that promote SIC is required.
Choice architecture interventions to improve diet and/or dietary behaviour by healthcare staff in high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Khudairy Lena , Uthman Olalekan A , Walmsley Rosemary , Johnson Samantha , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWe were commissioned by the behavioural insights team at Public Health England to synthesise the evidence on choice architecture interventions to increase healthy purchasing and/or consumption of food and drink by National Health Service (NHS) staff.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts and Web of Science were searched from inception until May 2017 and references were screened independently by two reviewers.DesignA systematic review that included randomised experimental or intervention studies, interrupted time series and controlled before and after studies.ParticipantsHealthcare staff of high-income countries.InterventionChoice architecture interventions that aimed to improve dietary purchasing and/or consumption (outcomes) of staff.Appraisal and synthesisEligibility assessment, quality appraisal, data abstraction and analysis were completed by two reviewers. Quality appraisal of randomised trials was informed by theCochrane Handbook, and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies was used for the remainder. Findings were narratively synthesised.ResultsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies included multiple workplaces (including healthcare settings), 13 were conducted in healthcare settings only. Interventions in 10 studies were choice architecture only and 8 studies involved a complex intervention with a choice architecture element. Interventions involving a proximity element (making behavioural options easier or harder to engage with) appear to be frequently effective at changing behaviour. One study presented an effective sizing intervention. Labelling alone was generally not effective at changing purchasing behaviour. Interventions including an availability element were generally reported to be successful at changing behaviour but no included study examined this element alone. There was no strong evidence for the effect of pricing on purchasing or dietary intake.ConclusionProximity, availability and sizing are choice architecture elements that are likely to be effective for NHS organisations.Trial registration numberCRD42017064872.
Disparity of the Chinese elderly’s health-related quality of life between urban and rural areas: a mediation analysis
Authors: You Xinyi , Zhang Yali , Zeng Jinfeng , Wang Congju , Sun Hongpeng , Ma Qinghua , Ma Yana , Xu Yong 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the urban–rural disparity in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the Chinese elderly and to explore the mediating roles of socioeconomic status (SES) and frequency of contact with children in the relationship between urban/rural areas and HRQoL.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for 2015–2016, involving 12 369 Chinese aged 45 years and over. HRQoL of respondents was measured by three-level EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D-3L). SES, based on principal components analysis, was combined by the individual possessions of durable consumer goods and houses. Frequency of contact with children was derived from the responses to whether they live with children and how often they contact with them. Mediation analyses were performed to examine the mediating effects of SES and frequency of contact in the relationship between urban/rural areas and HRQoL.ResultsUrban respondents had higher scores of HRQoL than rural respondents (p<0.05). As SES and frequency of contact with children increased, the scores of HRQoL of the elderly went up as well. Mediation analyses proved the possible mediating effects of SES and frequency of contact in the relationship between urban/rural areas and HRQoL (0.0713 and 0.0064). The indirect effects induced by SES and frequency of contact were 65.45% and 5.90%, respectively.ConclusionsThere was a significant difference in HRQoL between urban and rural middle-aged and elderly participants, which was partially mediated by urban–rural disparities in SES and frequency of contact with children. Higher SES and frequency of contact with children contributed to higher health status in the Chinese elderly.
Burnout among obstetricians and paediatricians: a cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Ye Junying , Wang Huan , Wu Hao , Ye Liaosha , Li Qi , Ma Xiang-yu , Yu Xiaodong , Zhang Hua , Luo Xu 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesHospitals devoted to maternal and child health represent unique healthcare institutions in China. Healthcare professionals in these hospitals attend to health services for women and children, and also provide technical services and support for district maternal and children’s healthcare as well as family planning. However, few studies have examined occupational burnout among doctors employed in these hospitals. This research addresses the gap in the literature.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of obstetricians and paediatricians from 11 maternal and child health hospitals across China was conducted May through June 2017. A total of 678 people completed a self-administered questionnaire. The survey included questions about demographics, doctor–patient relationships and networks of support as well as characteristics designed to capture the occurrence of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. T-test, variance and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the data.ResultsThe research revealed that 56.6% of obstetricians and paediatricians exhibited signs of occupational burnout. Poor doctor–patient relationships and high average number of weekly hours worked contributed to burnout. Additionally, low family support corresponded to physicians’ low sense of professional efficacy.ConclusionsSeveral factors have contributed to occupational burnout among paediatricians and obstetricians at maternal and child health hospitals in China, including lack of family support, poor doctor–patient relationships and heavy workloads.