bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ experiences learning and performing infant massage—A qualitative study
Authors: Midtsund Astrid , Litland Astrid , Hjälmhult Esther 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims and objectiveTo explore the experience of learning infant massage among mothers who are having insecurity and stress in their transition to motherhood.BackgroundSecure attachment is essential for healthy infant development. An interaction with the caregiver, characterised by sensitivity, engagement and adequate responding, is necessary for the development of attachment. However, transition to parenting can be a major challenge and create insecurity and stress for some mothers. This can interfere with mother's attachment and sensitivity to the baby's cues, which in turn can affect the mother–infant interaction. Mothers who struggled postpartum were invited to participate in a group called Mamma Mia, a programme where mothers learn infant massage as targeted measure for improving interaction between the mother and baby. To date, there is limited knowledge how mothers receiving this group programme experience infant massage.Design and methodA qualitative and explorative approach was used, based on interviews with 12 mothers who had participated in Mamma Mia group facilitated by public health nurses at Well Child Clinics in Norway. We used qualitative content analysis with manifest and latent content to analyse the transcripts.ResultOne main theme emerged: “A relief with an opportunity for emotional and physical connection with the baby” and four categories were identified to highlight the mothers’ experiences through (a) appreciating the structure, (b) providing self‐esteem and self‐confidence, (c) connecting with the baby and (d) discovering the baby's presence.ConclusionsMothers in this study in Norway enjoyed the experience of learning infant massage and felt closer to their babies as a result.Relevance to clinical practiceTraining of health professionals to provide infant massage to mothers in a Mamma Mia group or similar groups can be a low cost and efficient intervention in primary care.
Beyond fall risk assessment: A case–control study in an Urban Medical Center
Authors: Domingue Scott , Morelock Skip , Walsh Judith , Newcomb Patricia , Russe Christine , Nava Alexander , Jones Ashley , John Jessy R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the characteristics of patients that fell and compare them with patients that did not fall and to seek differences between the two groups that might help better predict falls in future patients.BackgroundIt has been estimated that between 700,000 and one million inpatient falls occur yearly in hospitals in the United States, which results in an increase in healthcare costs of over $19 billion dollars per year.DesignThis was a case–control study employing a retrospective analysis of inpatient electronic health records. It includes records from 160 patients who experienced a fall after the implementation of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool, and 160 records of patient with similar fall risk scores that did not fall.MethodsAll fall and nonfall patient data for the database were obtained by one research team member, while systematic random selection of nonfall patient records was performed by three research team members as described below. Each patient was assigned a unique study code number which was entered into the research database. The final sample size was 302 patients.ResultsPatients who did not receive lorazepam within 12 hr of the fall risk assessment were less likely to fall than patients who did receive lorazepam. A statistical relationship was also found between toileting at the time of the fall and age.ConclusionsBetter stratification of patient populations combined with astute nursing awareness may result in a further reduction in falls.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results indicate that the nursing assessment with respect to falls is critical to identifying fall‐prone individuals who may score as a low‐to‐moderate fall risk. In addition, the administration of lorazepam should cue the nurse that fall precautions be implemented regardless of scored risk.
Does the Translucency of Novel Monolithic CAD/CAM Materials Affect Resin Cement Polymerization with Different Curing Modes?
Authors: Caprak Yagmur Ozer , Turkoglu Pinar , Akgungor Gokhan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThe translucency of CAD/CAM blocks influences the polymerization efficiency of resin cement used underneath. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the translucency parameters (TPs) of current monolithic CAD/CAM blocks on the microhardness of light‐cured or dual‐cured resin cement.Materials and Methods100 specimens were prepared from five types of CAD/CAM blocks (Mark II, Suprinity, Enamic, e.max, Ultimate), and their TP values were measured by spectrophotometry; 100 resin cement specimens (Duolink) were cured underneath five ceramic specimen groups by indirect LED light for 40 seconds with dual‐cure (with catalyst) and light‐cure (without catalyst) polymerization modes. Control group resin cement specimens (n = 20) were cured with both polymerization modes by direct LED light without any ceramic disc, making 120 resin cement specimens in total. The specimens were then stored in a dry environment for 24 hours before measurement of the polymerization depth with a digital micrometer. Vickers hardness measurements were performed at different resin cement sections. The results were statistically analyzed with 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐way ANOVA, Student's t‐test and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe highest TP values occurred for Suprinity and Ultimate, whereas the lowest TP value occurred for Enamic (p < 0.01). The depth of cure and Vickers hardness values changed proportionally with TP value. In all specimens, dual polymerization provided higher depth of cure and Vickers hardness values than those obtained using light polymerization (p < 0.01). In all specimens except Enamic, the hardness value differences between the sections were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). In Enamic, the hardness values for both polymerization types decreased significantly in the deeper sections (p < 0.01).ConclusionsLower depth of cure was observed as the amount of transmitted light decreased in the investigated materials. In clinical practice, light‐cured resin cements may result in inadequate polymerization for ceramic materials with lower TP values. Zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate and nanoceramic resins may be reliable restorative materials for a restoration with both optimal esthetics and sufficient mechanical strength resulting from proper polymerization.
Antimicrobial prescribing for children in primary care
Authors: Yan Jennifer , Hawes Lesley , Turner Lyle , Mazza Danielle , Pearce Christopher , Buttery Jim 
Published: July 2018

AimTo describe the patterns of antimicrobial prescribing in general practice for children aged ≤18 years.MethodsThis is a review of routinely collected patient data extracted from computerised medical records from 39 general practices in eastern metropolitan Melbourne over a 5‐year period, 2010–2014. Main outcome measures: Proportion of paediatric consultations resulting in antibiotic prescription, type and frequency of antibiotics prescribed, antibiotic prescribing stratified by age, reason for indication and inter‐practice variation.ResultsThere were 744 883 consultations for 89 983 individual paediatric patients and 85 913 prescriptions for antibiotics during the study period. Of these antibiotic prescriptions, 75 410 were associated with a consultation, and 10 503 (12.2% of all prescriptions) had no associated consultation in the data. On average, one in five individual children was prescribed an antibiotic each year. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were cephalexin, amoxycillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, phenoxymethylpenicillin and roxithromycin. Less than 3% of all prescriptions were for amoxycillin. Prescribing of cefaclor and roxithromycin decreased, although cefaclor remained the third most common antibiotic choice for general practitioners. Peaks in prescribing were noted over winter months. Reason for prescription was not recorded for 82% of prescriptions. The frequency of antibiotic prescription per consultation varied substantially (2.1–19.7%) between general practitioner clinics. Overall, antibiotic prescribing decreased by 2.3% over the 5‐year period.ConclusionsThis study provides a focused examination of antibiotic prescribing practices for children in Australian general practice. More information is required to better understand specific prescribing practices in children, including the low frequency of amoxycillin prescription and ongoing prescription of cefaclor.
Comparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology, nutrition and microbial community changes in sheep and goats: A review
Authors: Min Byeng Ryel , Solaiman Sandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractComparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology, nutrition and microbial community in sheep and goats are discussed in the context of differences due to feed intake, digestibility, utilization of nutrients and microbial community. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of the potential benefits of tannin‐containing diets for sheep and goats and specie differences in their response to tannins. It is well established that moderate level of tannins in the diet (3%–4% tannins DM) can precipitate with soluble proteins and increase protein supply to the sheep, but comparative aspects of tannin‐containing diets in sheep and goats on animal performance, digestive physiology, rumen microbial changes and potential benefits to sustainable animal production by those compounds have received little attention. In addition, developing plant‐based tannin‐containing diets for control of rumen microbiota and rumen fermentation (e.g., methane gas) would be expected to have a greater impact on the ruminant health, productivity and emission of greenhouse gasses. The positive impacts of the plant tannin compounds mainly depend on their influence on the gut microbiome diversity and ability to generate fermentation end products (short‐chain fatty acids) that have diverse biological roles. Diets which contain optimal levels of tannins have potential benefits for sustainability of small ruminant production systems. However, there is a need for an improved understanding of the utilization of tannin‐containing forages to improve their management. This implies investigations of animal responses to tannin‐containing forages or browse species and, in particular, a better understanding of the interactions that can arise between sheep and goats on digestion, DMD, rumen fermentation and microbial community changes. This knowledge could help to improve current feeding systems in terms of efficiency of feed use and environmental impacts (reduce methane gas production) and thus contribute to the development of a sustainable sheep and goat production.
Envisioning an Improved Continuum of Special Education Services for Students with Learning Disabilities: Considering Intervention Intensity
Authors: Lemons Christopher J. , Vaughn Sharon , Wexler Jade , Kearns Devin M. , Sinclair Anne C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn Endrew F. v Douglas County School District RE‐1, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the requirement that schools provide special education services designed to confer educational benefit that is more than de minimis. Endrew offers an opportunity for the special education community to consider whether students with learning disabilities have access to a full continuum of services, including individualized, data‐driven, and intensive interventions. We examine predominant models of service delivery, highlight concerns that these are insufficient, and envision an improved continuum of services better aligned with the raised expectations of Endrew. We also highlight important barriers that need to be addressed before an improved continuum can be implemented in many schools in the United States.
Foley's Threshold View of Belief and The Safety Condition on Knowledge
Authors: Shaffer Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a new argument against Richard Foley's threshold view of belief. Foley's view is based on the Lockean Thesis (LT) and the Rational Threshold Thesis (RTT). The former thesis is the claim that it is epistemically rational to believe a proposition if and only if it is epistemically rational to have a degree of confidence in that proposition sufficient for belief. The latter thesis is the claim that it is epistemically rational to believe a proposition if and only if it is epistemically rational to have a degree of confidence in that proposition that meets or exceeds a specified threshold. The argument introduced here shows that the views derived from the joint endorsement of the LT and the RTT violate the safety condition on knowledge in way that threatens the LT and/or the RTT.
Other‐Centric Reasoning
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article considers question‐begging's opposite fallacy. Instead of relying on my beliefs for my premises when I should be using my adversary's beliefs, I rely on my adversary's beliefs when I should rely on my own. Just as question‐begging emerges from egocentrism, its opposite emerges from other‐centrism. Stepping into the other person's shoes is an effective strategy for understanding him. But you must return to your own shoes when forming your beliefs. Evidence is agent centered. Other‐centric reasoning is most striking when both parties partake simultaneously. We are then treated to the spectacle of each side using the other's premises to establish its conclusion. These remarkable debates arise regularly when there is open disagreement about whether a right‐conferring relationship has ended. Those who contend the relationship is abrogated will be tempted to stand on the rights persistently credited to them by their adversary.
Impartial Morality and Practical Deliberation as First‐Personal
Authors: Taylor Craig 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBernard Williams questioned whether impartial morality “can allow for the importance of individual character and personal relations in moral experience.” Underlying his position is a distinction between factual and practical deliberation. While factual deliberation is about the world and brings in a standpoint that is impartial, practical deliberation is, he claims, radically first‐personal; it “involves an I that [is] intimately the I of my desires.” While it may be thought that Williams's claim implies an unpalatable Humean subjectivism, the present article argues that this does not follow: That first‐person practical deliberation is directed both by the “I of my desires” and by the world. Drawing on Peter Winch's argument against the universalizability of moral judgments and D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover, the article argues that practical deliberations involve discovering value in the world, but that what is revealed about the world depends constitutively on the first‐person deliberations and decisions of particular agents.
Stances and Epistemology: Values, Pragmatics, and Rationality
Authors: Boucher Sandy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBas van Fraassen has argued that many philosophical positions should be understood as stances rather than factual beliefs. This paper discusses the vexed question of whether and how such stances can be rationally justified. It argues that stances may be justified pragmatically, in terms of both their epistemic fruits and their coherence with our values, both epistemic and non‐epistemic. It also examines van Fraassen's version of epistemological voluntarism, which has received considerable attention of late, and shows that it provides a theoretical framework, and approach to epistemology, within which the pragmatic and value‐based forms of justification appropriate to stance choice find a natural home.
Gastric residual volume measurement in the intensive care unit: an international survey reporting nursing practice
Authors: Ozen Nurten , Blot Stijn , Ozen Volkan , Arikan Donmez Ayse , Gurun Pınar , Cinar Fatma Ilknur , Labeau Sonia 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric residual volume measurement is routinely used to evaluate the feeding tolerance and gastro‐oesophageal reflux in patients receiving enteral feeding therapy in the intensive care unit. However, little supportive evidence for this intervention is available as the usefulness of gastric residual volume measurements in patients receiving enteral feeding therapy in the intensive care is controversial.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the practice of intensive care unit nurses related to gastric residual volume measurement in patients receiving enteral nutrition.MethodsA survey was conducted among a sample of intensive care unit nurses (n = 832) from four hospitals in Turkey (n = 182) and attendees of the Annual Congress of the Flemish Society for Critical Care Nurses in Flanders, Belgium (n = 650). The survey instrument was developed by the researchers based on the related literature.ResultsA total of 480 nurses completed the questionnaire (response rate = 73%). Gastric residual volume is measured by 98·0% of respondents, with wide variations in the frequency of measuring. A 50–200 mL gastric residual volume is considered problematic by 45·5% (n = 183) of the participants, and only 18·4% (n = 81) reported their practice to be based on a current guideline. Strikingly, more experienced intensive care unit nurses appear to perform gastric residual volume measurements more commonly than their less experienced colleagues (p = 0·004), while the practice is more often reported to be performed in Belgium than in Turkey (p < 0·001).ConclusionGastric residual volume management could be improved by applying current evidence to daily nursing practice.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results show that increased awareness of these guidelines by nurses is needed to reduce inefficient use of working time and resources, streamline clinical practices and improve patient outcomes. Current gastric residual volume measurement guidelines and up‐to‐date, relevant training should be provided to nurses.
Intradiscal Methylene Blue Injection for Discogenic Low Back Pain: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Ding WenYuan , Liu LanZe , Yang SiDong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of intradiscal methylene blue (MB) injection on discogenic low back pain (DLBP).MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of the PubMed, Ovid, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases using the search terms “low back pain” and “methylene blue”; the search was limited to English language articles from database inception to October 2017. In addition, the reference lists of all included studies were manually searched. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the studies, extracted data from the included studies, and analyzed the data.ResultsFive studies were included. The results of the meta‐analysis indicated that the effects of intradiscal MB injection between preoperation and postoperation on DLBP were statistically significant based on the 3‐month visual analog scale (VAS) or numeric rating scale (NRS) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 3.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.46 to 4.76; P < 0.05) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (WMD = 24.64, 95% CI: 12.07 to 37.21, P < 0.05), the 6‐month VAS or NRS (WMD = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.71; P < 0.05) and ODI (WMD = 23.21, 95% CI: 12.89 to 33.53, P < 0.05), and the 12‐month VAS or NRS (WMD = 3.19; 95% CI: 0.99 to 5.40; P < 0.05) and ODI (standard mean difference = 29.51, 95% CI: 20.60 to 38.42, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIntradiscal MB injection can reduce pain severity and improve the ODI score in individuals with discogenic low back pain. Although intradiscal MB injection seems to be a safe and effective treatment for discogenic low back pain, the clinical benefits for patients with discogenic low back pain need to be further appraised in larger samples and more in‐depth studies.
Resources outside of the state: Governing the ocean and beyond
Authors: Armstrong Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA number of hugely valuable natural resources fall outside of the borders of any nation state. We can legitimately expect political theory to make a contribution to thinking through questions about the future of these extraterritorial resources. However, the debate on the proper allocation of rights over these resources remains relatively embryonic. This paper will bring together what have often been rather scattered discussions of rights over extraterritorial resources. It will first sketch some early modern contributions to thinking through rights over the ocean. It then discusses the guidance available within more contemporary contributions to debates on resources beyond the state. Finally, it concludes by emphasising the key questions with which future work on this topic must engage.
Decline in lung function is associated with elevated lipoprotein (a) in individuals without clinically apparent disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Jonghoo , Park Hye Kyeong , Kwon Min‐Jung , Song Jae‐Uk 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveReduced lung function and high lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels are both recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the association between serum Lp(a) and lung function in the general population. We evaluated the association between reduced lung function and high Lp(a) levels in healthy individuals without known medical disease diagnoses.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study on 64 082 Korean health screening examinees (33 049 males, 38 ± 7 years) who underwent a health examination in 2015.ResultsThe median Lp(a) level was 12 (6–25)mg/dL. The prevalence of high Lp(a) (defined as >30 mg/dL) was 19.5%. Subjects with a high Lp(a) had both lower values of measured forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC; L) than those with a low Lp(a) (P < 0.001). However, FEV1/FVC ratio was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.112). Comparison of the second, third and fourth measured FVC (L) quartiles with that of the lowest quartile (1Q) group (reference) on regression analysis revealed adjusted odd ratios (OR) for a high Lp(a) of 0.928 (95% CI: 0.876–0.982), 0.860 (0.808–0.916) and 0.895 (0.839–0.954), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). In addition, adjusted OR for high Lp(a) compared with reference was 0.894 (0.844–0.947), 0.857 (0.806–0.912) and 0.882 (0.8727–0.940) across the measured FEV1 (L) quartiles in increasing order (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionHigh Lp(a) levels were associated with reduced lung function in this cross‐sectional population study. Longitudinal follow‐up studies will be required to validate our findings.