bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication monitoring attitudes and perceived determinants to offering medication adherence advice to older hypertensive adults: a factorial survey of community pharmacy interns
Authors: Dillon Paul , Smith Susan M , Gallagher Paul , Cousins Gráinne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Community pharmacy is an ideal setting to monitor medication adherence, however, barriers to pharmacist-led interventions exist. Preparing future pharmacists for enhanced roles may overcome such barriers. Our objective was to identify medication monitoring attitudes and contextual factors that influence adherence monitoring by pharmacy interns to inform educational activities on medication adherence.

Methods
An online factorial survey of all pharmacy interns (N = 123) in the Republic of Ireland, completing advanced community pharmacy experiential learning in May 2016 was undertaken to evaluate attitudes to medication monitoring and to identify respondent characteristics and contextual factors which influence adherence monitoring of older hypertensive adults during repeat dispensing. The medication monitoring attitude measure (MMAM) was used to evaluate interns’ attitudes, and factorial vignette analysis was performed to identify factors influencing behavioural intention to offer adherence advice.

Results
There were 121 completed online surveys. Half of interns reported they felt uncomfortable and confrontational discussing adherence with patients. In factorial vignette analysis, higher medication monitoring attitudes resulted in higher likelihood to offer adherence advice; experiential-learning characteristics such as pharmacy ownership-type (nonchain store) and contextual factors including patients being treated for longer and time-pressures had a significant negative influence on pharmacy interns’ likelihood to offer adherence advice.

Discussion
Medication monitoring attitudes and contextual factors influenced responses to offer adherence advice in hypothetical scenarios. Ensuring pharmacy students are educated on patterns of adherence and appropriate skills to address nonadherence, and engage in structured programmes to facilitate patient interactions during experiential learning, may improve medication monitoring attitudes and adherence monitoring.
Rituximab treatment in primary angiitis of the central nervous system
Authors: Patel Shreeya , Ross Laura , Oon Shereen , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrimary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis affecting the brain and spinal cord. Treatment with biological agents has revolutionised the treatment of many rheumatic conditions but there is scant literature regarding the use of biological agents in PACNS. We present three cases of PACNS treated with rituximab, including two cases of relapsed disease, and a literature review suggesting a role for rituximab in this condition.
Semiparametric Regression Analysis of Panel Count Data: A Practical Review
Authors: Chiou Sy Han , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Xu Gongjun , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPanel count data arise in many applications when the event history of a recurrent event process is only examined at a sequence of discrete time points. In spite of the recent methodological developments, the availability of their software implementations has been rather limited. Focusing on a practical setting where the effects of some time‐independent covariates on the recurrent events are of primary interest, we review semiparametric regression modelling approaches for panel count data that have been implemented in R packagespef. The methods are grouped into two categories depending on whether the examination times are associated with the recurrent event process after conditioning on covariates. The reviewed methods are illustrated with a subset of the data from a skin cancer clinical trial.
Why Distinguish Between Statistics and Mathematical Statistics–The Case of Swedish Academia
Authors: Guttorp Peter , Lindgren Georg 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA separation between the academic subjects statistics and mathematical statistics has existed in Sweden almost as long as there have been statistics professors. The same distinction has not been maintained in other countries. Why has it been kept for so long in Sweden, and what consequences may it have had?In May 2015, it was 100 years since Mathematical Statistics was formally established as an academic discipline at a Swedish university where Statistics had existed since the turn of the century.We give an account of the debate in Lund and elsewhere about this division during the first decades after 1900 and present two of its leading personalities. The Lund University astronomer (and mathematical statistician) C. V. L. Charlier was a leading proponent for a position in mathematical statistics at the university. Charlier's adversary in the debate was Pontus Fahlbeck, professor in political science and statistics, who reserved the word statistics for ‘statistics as a social science’. Charlier not only secured the first academic position in Sweden in mathematical statistics for his former PhD student Sven Wicksell but also demonstrated that a mathematical statistician can be influential in matters of state, finance as well as in different natural sciences. Fahlbeck saw mathematical statistics as a set of tools that sometimes could be useful in his brand of statistics.After a summary of the organisational, educational and scientific growth of the statistical sciences in Sweden that has taken place during the last 50 years, we discuss what effects the Charlier–Fahlbeck divergence might have had on this development.
Pulp necrosis and crown discoloration: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moccelini Bárbara Suelen , de Alencar Nashalie Andrade , Bolan Michele , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Maia Lucianne Cople , Cardoso Mariane 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe association between pulp necrosis and crown discoloration in traumatized primary teeth has not been clearly determined yet.AimThe study verified whether there is an association of pulp necrosis and crown discoloration in traumatized primary teeth through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Lilacs/BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and grey literature. A methodological quality assessment appraisal was independently conducted by two researchers. Random‐effects models were employed, and heterogeneity was tested (I2 index/P ≤ 0.05).ResultsEight studies with low risk of bias were included in the analysis. A total of 1,494 traumatized primary teeth participated in the pooled meta‐analysis. Diagnosis of pulp necrosis was evaluated in 1,414 teeth through clinical and/or radiographic analyses, and the analysis demonstrated a positive association (P = 0.0005/OR 8.37 [2.51, 27.90], I2 = 87%). Eighty teeth were diagnosed with pulp necrosis through endodontic access, and there was no statistically significant association (P = 0.36/OR 2.46 [0.36, 16.94], I2 = 54%). The pooled meta‐analysis showed a positive association (P = 0.0003/OR 5.93 [2.24, 15.72], I2 = 83%).ConclusionThe positive association between pulp necrosis and crown discoloration should be considered with caution once the diagnosis of pulp necrosis was performed by limited criteria.
High calcium cementless fly ash binder with low environmental footprint: Optimum Taguchi design
Authors: Hwang Sung H. , Shahsavari Rouzbeh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the myriad of research efforts on exploiting fly ash as an alternative binder, its current role in industry is largely restricted to the supplementary use, which enables only partial replacement of conventional portland cement. Herein, we propose an unprecedented binder composite with the promising early‐age strength, which is cost‐effective and reduces the CO2 footprint compared with portland cement. The major constituent is fly ash occupying 76.4%‐80.3% by the total mass of the constituents, while calcium oxide, nanosilica, and the minimum amounts of sodium‐based activators are added to induce the early‐age strength development. Optimization of the composition via the Taguchi design of experiments produced the early (7‐day) compressive strength of 16.18 MPa. This value is encouraging considering that it is comparable to that of conventional portland cement and that a cementless composition with the minimum amounts of sodium‐based activators was employed. The extensive materials analysis demonstrates that the starting Ca/Na molar ratio and the amount of nanosilica play instrumental roles in strength development by influencing the formation of key reaction products, which include the sodium‐substituted AFm phase (the U‐phase), katoite and portlandite. Overall, the promising early‐age strength coupled with the significantly decreased amount of sodium‐based chemicals and the reduced CO2 footprint will lay a foundation for development of low‐cost, environmentally friendly binder in diverse industries.
LncRNA BDNF‐AS inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in oesophageal cancer cells by targeting miR‐214
Authors: Zhao Huaying , Diao Changying , Wang Xiaohui , Xie Yilin , Liu Yaqing , Gao Xianzheng , Han Jing , Li Shenglei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed at exploring the effect of lncRNA BDNF‐AS on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of oesophageal cancer (EC) cells. The expression of BDNF‐AS and miR‐214 in tissue samples and cells was measured by qRT‐PCR. The targeted relationship between BDNF‐AS and miR‐214 was analysed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. After cell transfection, the cell proliferation activity was assessed by MTS method, while the migrating and invading abilities were evaluated by transwell assay. LncRNA BDNF‐AS was remarkably down‐regulated, while miR‐214 was up‐regulated in EC tissues and cells in comparison with normal tissues and cells. Overexpression of BDNF‐AS significantly inhibited the abilities of cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as the EMT processes of EC cells. The bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay indicated that BDNF‐AS could be directly bound by miR‐214. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‐214 and BDNF‐AS exerted suppressive influence on EC cell multiplication, migration, invasion and EMT processes. LncRNA BDNF‐AS restrained cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT processes in EC cells by targeting miR‐214.
Europe's Triple Crisis and the Uneven Role of Institutions: the Euro, Refugees and Brexit
Authors: Caporaso James A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEurope is currently embroiled in three ongoing and interacting crises concerning the eurozone, refugees and Brexit. After briefly describing each crisis, I turn to the ways in which they intersect and the role of institutions in solving the crises. There are two central themes in the paper. The first is that the three crises intersect and feed on one another. The second is that, while institutions can often help, they are not panaceas. Existing scholarship on the EU often implies that the EU operates far from its institutional frontier and that substantial improvements in welfare are just around the corner if only we ‘get our institutions right’. But institutional fixes do not exist for all problems. I argue that there is a large space for institutional improvement in the eurozone crisis, less regarding refugees, and still less for Brexit.
Unpacking the Disruption Process: New Technology, Business Models, and Incumbent Adaptation
Authors: Cozzolino Alessio , Verona Gianmario , Rothaermel Frank T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the growing importance of digital transformation and the notion of disruptive innovation, strategy literature still lacks a more complete picture of how incumbent organizations adapt their business models after disruptions. This research sheds light on this important process by analyzing a major Italian news media publisher reacting to the advent of the internet and the emergence of new business models by entrants into the industry (1995–2017). We specifically examine: (1) the drivers and impeding factors of business model adaptation; (2) how incumbents change strategies to cope with different components of the disruption process; and (3) how a closed business model can be renewed to develop an open, platform‐based business model to seize external opportunities, incur lower costs, and fend off disruptors. This study contributes to the burgeoning literature on disruption, business models, and platforms.
Private Practice of Prosthodontists in the United States: Results from the 2017 Survey of Prosthodontists and Trends Since 2001
Authors: Nash Kent D. , Benting Douglas G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo review data and results from past surveys of prosthodontists sponsored and conducted by the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP). Specifically, results are examined and presented from the most recently conducted survey in 2017. Trends and changes in characteristics impacting the private practice of prosthodontists over time are discussed using results from six surveys completed in 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017.Materials and MethodsResults from the past surveys of prosthodontists are statistically examined and used to estimate several characteristics of the current population of practicing prosthodontists. The selected characteristics include age, gender, hours in the practice, employment of staff, referral sources, and financial conditions (e.g., gross receipts, expenses in the practice, and net income of prosthodontists). While the most recent survey was conducted during the year 2017, the respondents reported survey data for the previous year of 2016.ResultsThe average age of private practice respondents in 2016 was 50 years; 23 years since graduation from dental school and 18 years since completion of residency; an average of 18 years since starting practice as a prosthodontist, with 52% in solo practice. The mean number of hours per week in the practice was 33.9 hours and the mean number of hours treating patients averaged 28.3 hours per week. The single largest source of referrals is the prosthodontist's patients (24.8%), while general practitioners are a close second source of referrals (21.8%). Salaries paid by prosthodontic practices reached 55% of total practice expenses. The mean nominal net income in 2016 of prosthodontists in private practice was $231,140 while the mean total net income from all prosthodontic sources was $263,850.ConclusionChanges have continued to take place in the private practice of prosthodontics during most of the last decade. The average age of prosthodontists has declined since 2010. Hours in practice and hours treating patients have declined at a rate of about 1% per year since 2001. Mean net earnings of prosthodontists have declined at a rate of 1.6% since 2001 and 3.1% per year since 2007. The prosthodontist private practice industry, not unlike dentistry as a whole, has undergone economic and practice challenges that have affected the conditions of private practice during the last decade.
Gelling properties of duck albumen powder as affected by desugarization and drying conditions
Authors: Quan Tran Hong , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effects of desugarization using glucose oxidase/catalase and spray‐drying conditions on gelling properties of duck albumen powder were studied. Gelling temperatures increased as spray‐drying inlet temperatures (140–180C) were increased (p < .05). ΔE*, a*‐, and b*‐ values of gel increased but L* and whiteness decreased when higher spray‐drying temperatures were used (p < .05). However, whiteness and lightness of albumen gel were drastically increased after desugarization (p < .05). Texture profile analysis showed that hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of gel decreased with increasing spray‐drying temperatures. Moreover, gel of freeze‐dried desugarized albumen powder had higher hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness than that of spray‐dried nondesugarized counterpart (p < .05). Albumen gel prepared from desugarized albumen powder showed the compact network with more connectivity and smaller voids than that from nondesugarized one as visualized by scanning electron microscopy, regardless of drying conditions. Prior desugarization could lower browning and increased gelling properties of duck albumen powder. Higher spray drying inlet temperature generally exhibited the adverse effect on properties of resulting albumen powder. Both desugarization and drying conditions had the profound influence on characteristics and textural property of duck egg albumen.
Application of freeze–thaw enzyme impregnation to produce softened root vegetable foods for elderly consumers
Authors: Eom Sung‐Hwan , Chun Yong‐Gi , Park Chan‐Eun , Kim Bum‐Keun , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Park Dong‐June 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the viability of using freeze–thaw infusion (FI) technology to produce a range of root vegetables using enzyme treatments with improved texture characteristics for elderly consumers with swallowing difficulties. We applied enzyme impregnation as a technology to soften the textures of root vegetables commonly consumed in Korea; balloon flower root (Platycodon grandiflorus), burdock root (Arctium lappa L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) through the use of a texture analyzer after the FI of a commercial enzyme. Out of 15 commercial enzymes that were analyzed, three enzymes exhibited a marked softening effect on the tested carrots, burdock roots, balloon flower roots, and lotus roots. The hardness of the enzymes‐treated food materials reached 1.4 × 104 N/m2 for carrots, 3.0 × 104 N/m2 for burdock roots, of 3.0 × 104 N/m2 for balloon flower roots, and 3.2 × 104 N/m2 for lotus roots without changing the original shapes of the samples. These findings confirmed the potential benefits of softening carrots, lotus roots burdock roots, and balloon flower roots and will contribute to the development of foods that can be easily eaten as part of a balanced diet by elderly adults with eating difficulties.
White seed color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) results from convergent evolution in the P (pigment) gene
Authors: McClean Phillip E. , Bett Kirstin E. , Stonehouse Robert , Lee Rian , Pflieger Stephanie , Moghaddam Samira Mafi , Geffroy Valerie , Miklas Phil , Mamidi Sujan 
Published: June 2018

Summary

The presence of seed color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) requires the dominant‐acting P (pigment) gene, and white seed is a recessive phenotype in all domesticated races of the species. P was classically associated with seed size, thus describing it as the first genetic marker for a quantitative trait. The molecular structure of P was characterized to understand the selection of white seeds during bean diversification and the relationship of P to seed weight.

P was identified by homology searches, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and gene remodeling, and confirmed by gene silencing. Allelic variation was assessed by a combination of resequencing and marker development, and the relationship between P and seed weight was assessed by a GWAS study.

P is a member of clade B of subclass IIIf of plant basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins. Ten race‐specific P alleles conditioned the white seed phenotype, and each causative mutation affected at least one bHLH domain required for color expression. GWAS analysis confirmed the classic association of P with seed weight.

In common bean, white seeds are the result of convergent evolution and, among plant species, orthologous convergence on a single transcription factor gene was observed.
Virulence function of the Ustilago maydis sterol carrier protein 2
Authors: Krombach Sina , Reissmann Stefanie , Kreibich Saskia , Bochen Florian , Kahmann Regine 
Published: June 2018

Summary

The peroxisomal sterol carrier protein 2 (Scp2) of the biotrophic maize pathogen Ustilago maydis was detected in apoplastic fluid, suggesting that it might function as a secreted effector protein. Here we analyze the role of the scp2 gene during plant colonization.

We used reverse genetics approaches to delete the scp2 gene, determined stress sensitivity and fatty acid utilization of mutants, demonstrated secretion of Scp2, used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for expression analysis and expressed GFP‐Scp2 fusion proteins for protein localization.

scp2 mutants were strongly attenuated in virulence and this defect manifested itself during penetration. Scp2 localized to peroxisomes and peroxisomal targeting was necessary for its virulence function. Deletion of scp2 in U. maydis interfered neither with growth nor with peroxisomal β‐oxidation. Conventionally secreted Scp2 protein could not rescue the virulence defect. scp2 mutants displayed an altered localization of peroxisomes.

Our results show a virulence function for Scp2 during penetration that is probably carried out by Scp2 in peroxisomes. We speculate that Scp2 affects the lipid composition of membranes and in this way ensures the even cellular distribution of peroxisomes.
Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome
Authors: Redanz Sylvio , Cheng Xingqun , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Pfeifer Carmen S. , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe majority of commensal oral streptococci are able to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during aerobic growth, which can diffuse through the cell membrane and inhibit competing species in close proximity. Competing H2O2 production is mainly dependent upon the pyruvate oxidase SpxB, and to a lesser extent the lactate oxidase LctO, both of which are important for energy generation in aerobic environments. Several studies point to a broad impact of H2O2 production in the oral environment, including a potential role in biofilm homeostasis, signaling, and interspecies interactions. Here, we summarize the current research regarding oral streptococcal H2O2 generation, resistance mechanisms, and the ecological impact of H2O2 production. We also discuss the potential therapeutic utility of H2O2 for the prevention/treatment of dysbiotic diseases as well as its potential role as a biomarker of oral health.
A Case Report of Combined Ultrasound and Fluoroscopic‐Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Lesioning of the Obturator and Femoral Articular Branches in the Treatment of Persistent Hip Pain in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Khan James S. , Krane Elliot J. , Higgs Maureen , Pritzlaff Scott , Hoffinger Scott , Ottestad Einar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHip denervation comprising radiofrequency lesioning of the obturator and femoral articular branches is used in adults with refractory hip pain who are not surgical candidates. Persistent hip pain occurs infrequently in pediatric patients, and there are limited data on the safety and efficacy of this procedure in a pediatric population. We provide a case report of a successful ultrasound and fluoroscopic‐guided hip denervation procedure in an 11‐year‐old girl with persistent right hip pain after septic arthritis refractory to conservative and surgical management. At an 18‐week follow‐up, hip denervation provided improvement in pain, mobility, and reduced opioid consumption by 20%.