bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
جريمة تسول ذوي الاعاقة والاحتياجات الخاصة -دراسة مقارنة-
Authors: نعمة نسرين محسن 
Published: April 2019

ان جريمة تسول ذوي الاعاقة والاحتياجات الخاصة من الجرائم الاجتماعية التي تناولها قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم 111 لسنة 1969 المعدل في المواد (390 - 392)، كما نصت عليها المادة (22) من قانون هيأة رعاية ذوي الاعاقة والاحتياجات الخاصة رقم 38 لسنة 2013 وقد انتشرت هذه الجريمة في العراق في الآونة الاخيرة انتشارا كبيرا بسبب الفساد الحكومي و البطالة وغيرها من العوامل الاخرى ، سيما بالنسبة لذوي الاعاقة و الاحتياجات الخاصة لاستمالة عطف الناس والحصول على الاموال حيث شكلوا الفئة الغالبة التي ترتكب هذه الجريمة، وتعد الجريمة موضوع البحث من الجرائم الشكلية البسيطة التي تتحقق بمجرد قيام الجاني بطلب الصدقة والاحسان، ولكنها تتطلب ركنا خاصا بالإضافة الى اركانها العامة المادي والمعنوي فهي تشترط كون الجاني من ذوي الاعاقة اوالاحتياجات الخاصة والذي عرفهم المشرع بموجب المادة (1/ ثانيا) من قانون الهيأة المذكور"ذو الاعاقة: كل من فقد القدرة كلياً أو جزئياً على المشاركة في حياة المجتمع أسوة بالأخرين نتيجة اصابته بعاهة بدنية أو ذهنية أو حسية أدى الى قصور في أدائه الوظيفي" وترتكب بصورة عمدية من قبل الجناة حيث لايمكن تصورها بصورة غير عمدية ،كما لايمكن تصور الشروع فيها لكونها مخالفة بموجب نصوص قانون العقوبات العراقي عاقب المشرع عليها بالحبس ، ولأجل معالجة موضوع البحث بأفضل الصيغ والحلول القانونية فقد تم تقسيمه على مبحثين تضمن الأول ماهية الجريمة ،وخص الثاني لدراسة اركان الجريمة وعقوبتها.
مسؤولية الدولة في التعويض عن اخطاء القضاة
Authors: عودة زيادة خلف 
Published: April 2019

بعد انتشار فكرة الاقتصاد الموجه اخذت الدول الحديثة على عاتقها اعباء كثيرة مما يجعلها في احتكاك دائم مع الافراد الامر الذي انعكس على مسؤولية الدولة في التعويض ولعل موضوع مسؤولية الدولة عن التعويض عن اخطاء القضاة يعد من المواضيع المهمة، وتكمن أهمية هذا الموضوع فيما يطرحه من أهمية نظرية وعلمية تتمثل في خصوصيته والإشكاليات التي يطرحها، ومدى تدخل القضاء لحلها، وكل ذلك أمام عدم تنزيل الدستور لغاية يومه هذا وتتمحور الإشكالية الرئيسية للموضوع حول مسؤولية الدولة عن الخطأ القضائي. وتتفرع عن هذه الإشكالية الأساسية إشكاليات فرعية تشكل المحاور الكبرى للبحث، ويمكن عرضها مجملة على شكل أسئلة من قبيل: هل يجوز للمتضرر أن يقاضي الدولة عن الاضرار التي قد تسببها أعمال السلطة القضائية؟ وما هو أساس هذه المسؤولية والجهة المختصة بالبت فيها؟ وماهية حدود اختصاص القضاء الإداري في الخطأ القضائي؟
أحكام عقد التأمين ضد الحريق - دراسة مقارنة -
Authors: عذيب اشراق حسن 
Published: April 2019

تناولنا موضوع أحكام عقد التامين ضد الحريق في مبحثين الأول تناولنا به مفهوم عقد التامين ضد الحريق من خلال التعريف به وتمييزه مما يشتبه به أما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولنا به أحكام عقد التامين ضد الحريق من خلال بيان التزامات المؤمن والمؤمن له , ونلاحظ لم يعرف المشرع العراقي عقد التامين ضد الحريق , وإنما عرفه جانب من الفقه في القانون بأنه عقد يتعهد بموجبه المؤمن بتعويض الأضرار الناشئة من الحريق في ظروف معينة طبقا للشروط المقررة في العقد المبرم في حدود مبلغ التامين وذلك في مقابل قسط يدفعه المؤمن له بقدر نسبة الخطر المعرض له التامين.
عقد النشر – دراسة مقارنة –
Authors: غافل محمد جابر 
Published: April 2019

يرغب المؤلف دائما بنشر أفكاره على أوسع نطاق ممكن ،والنشر يعتبر أفضل وسيله يظهر بها فكر المؤلف الى الجمهور ، و غالبا ما يتم النشر عن طريق التعاقد مع ناشر ليقوم بأظهار المصنف الموسوم (( عقد النشر – دراسة مقارنة - )) الى مقدمة و مبحثين و خاتمة , تهدف هذه الدراسة في المبحث الأول هو بيان ماهية و مفهوم عقد النشر وتم تقسيمه الى مطلبين بينا في المطلب الأول مفهوم عقد النشر و في المطلب الثاني الطبيعة و التوصيف القانوني لعقد لهذا العقد , أما المبحث الثاني فعالجنا فيه الأحكام والألتزامات القانونية المترتبة على عقد النشر و قسمناه الى مطلبين تناولنا في المطلب الأول التزامات المؤلف وفي المطلب الثاني التزامات الناشر , أما الخاتمة فينا فيها أهم النتائج و التوصيات التي توصلنا اليها من خلال هذا البحث
Ocular Biometry among primary angle closure
Authors: Sherpa Dakki 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine ocular biometry of primary angle closure.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional compara­tive study was carried out in Nepal Eye Hospital including thirty-six eyes of 29 diagnosed cases of primary angle closure and 44 eyes of 22 normal subjects selected by convenience sampling technique. A complete ocular examination of all the subjects was carried out. AL, ACD and LD measurement was done using ultrasound A scan.
Result: Out of 80 eyes, there were 36 eyes of 29 diagnosed primary angle closure subjects and 44 eyes of 22 normal subjects. The mean age of primary angle closure patients were 61. 65+/- 10.44. The mean AL of PAC was 22.15mm +/-0.76. The mean AL of control group was 22.98 mm with SD of 0.63. The mean ACD of PAC patients were 2.85mm and SD of 0.46 and the mean ACD of control group was 3.59 with SD of .40. The mean lens diameter of PAC group was 4.57 mm +/- 0.58 and the mean LD of control group was 4.43mm +/- 0.54. The Sig (2-tailed) test showed: Age: 0.268, AL: 0.001, ACD: 0.000 and LD: 0.466.
Conclusion: This study reveals that short AL and shallow ACD is a strong risk factor of primary angle closure. Though LD more than 4.5 mm is a risk factor of primary angle closure it is not statistically significant.
Is serum creatinine mandatory prior to contrast ehanced computer tomography
Authors: Adhikari Deepak , Gautam Rupesh , Moktan Sweta , Mallik Mukesh , Sakhakarmi Mamita 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) is an imaging technique to diagnose many clinical manifestations. Contrast media used in CECT can lead to contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Hence, screening of serum creatinine (SCr) level prior to CECT is commonly practiced as it is considered to be an indicator for the risk of Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN). But, it adds up extra cost and also increases duration for investigation. The purpose of this study is to find out, if SCr screening can be skipped among certain group by medical history related to risk factors of CIN.
Methodology: A total 250 patient SCr were obtained prior to CECT over period of 4 months between June 2016 to September 2016. Duplication in the samples was avoided. A survey of medical history regarding risk factors for CIN was taken in each case. Chi square test and odds ratio was applied for data analysis.
Results: In this study 68% of total (250) patients were found to have normal SCr level without any risk factors for CIN and among 3% abnormal categorized patients (SCr ≥1.5mg/dl)) 71% (5 of 7) were identified with risk factors.
Conclusions: The data suggests that screening SCr prior to CECT is significant only to those patients who acquire any of the identifiable risk factors for CIN. Those patients who are not identified with any of the associated risk factors, especially for renal disease, are not mandatory to obtain SCr value. This can reduce many challenges while checking patient’s creatinine status, such as patient’s booking delays, extra cost and time, additional pricking while taking blood sample. This practice can also increase the departmental throughput and efficiency of service.
Proportions of maxillary anterior teeth relative to each other and to golden standard in Chitwan Medical College
Authors: Mishra Meena Kumari , Guragain Manjeev , Thakur Smriti Narayan , Chaudhary Sanjeeb 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of aesthetic dentistry while restoring or replacing maxillary anterior teeth is the creation of harmonious proportion between the widths of them. The appearance of anterior teeth is criti­cal for an attractive face and pleasing smile. The dimensional determination of maxillary anterior teeth is an important factor for both, esthetic and function.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 140 dentate subjects. Out of the 140 subjects, 70 (50%) were males and 70 (50%) were females. The age of the patients in this study ranged from 18 to 50 years. Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made with an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured from the casts with a Boley gauge.
Results: The mean width ratios were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.85 for left LI/CI, 1.12 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI in total population. The mean width ratios in male group were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.87 for left LI/CI, 1.14 for right CN/ LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI. Similarly, in female group the mean width ratios were 0.82 for right LI/CI and 0.83 for left LI/CI, 1.1 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI.
Conclusion: In the evaluation of LI/CI, CN/LI, WLRs golden proportion was not found in left and right for both sexes.
Counseling on life style modification and knowledge and belief of hypertension and its management among hypertensive patients visiting community based screening and management program in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Koirala Bhawesh , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad , Ghimire Anup , Sharma Sanjib Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Background: Hypertension is a global health problem with almost quarter of adults estimated to have high blood pres­sure. There are evidences showing effectiveness of lifestyle modification on the prevention and management of hyper­tension. The adherence to lifestyle modifications and medication depends upon knowledge and belief on management of hypertension and the counseling they received from medical staffs.
Methods: In this prospective crossover study, 140 hypertensive patients were enrolled after getting written informed consent. This study was performed after obtain­ing the ethical clearance from Institutional Research Committee (IRC), BPKIHS, and Dharan. Data was collected using validated structured self-constructed questionnaire from the hypertensive patients visiting community program (KHDC) held on first Saturday of every month for follow-up. KHDC is a community based program for early detection and man­agement of Kidney disease, Hypertension, Diabetes and Cardiovascular diseases. For descriptive statistics, percentage, mean, Standard deviation was calculated along with graphical and tabular presentation.
Results: Out of 140 patients enrolled 52.1% were male. Majority of the patient were aged between 40-59 years of age (50.7%). Most of them were Aryans 55.7 % followed by Mongolians 44.3%. Mean of Systolic Blood pressure was 131.48(SD ± 16.57) and Mean of Diastolic Blood pressure was 81.7(SD ±9.57). Majority of patient believed that they have received appropriate counsel­ing from the medical staffs in regards to appropriate diet, Body weight, Smoking cessation, Physical activity and risk and complication of hypertension. Overall knowledge rate was high on all items but 27.9% patients believed that treating with drugs is sufficient for the management of hypertension. Only 7.1 % of them were smokers whereas 24.3% con­sumed alcohol, 72.1 % patients were non vegetarians and most of them preferred average amount of salt in their meal 52.1%. However 44.3 % patients preferred low amount of salt. Sixty percentages of patients reported that they were doing physical exercise regularly.
Conclusion: The knowledge and belief on the management of hypertension is high in the hypertensive patients visiting community based program for early detection and management of Kidney disease, Hypertension, Diabetes and Cardiovascular diseases. Further, most patients received the counseling on lifestyle modi­fication which was reflected in their general behaviour.
Clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit of a teaching hospital
Authors: Shrestha Bidhan , Shrestha Sabita , Shrestha Rakshya , Paudel Pramod , Dhakal Hari Krishna , Shah Mukesh Ranjan , Deep Suresh Kumar , Sedhai Sabina 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Acute kidney injury is one of the most common cause of hospitalization in developing countries. Causes of AKI are multifactorial. Most of AKI are community acquired. The objective of the study was to identify the clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney disease.
Subject and Methodology: 30 patients from Chitwan Medical College outpatient clinic were included in the study from November 2014 to April 2015. A brief history and clinical examinations were taken from all patients along with laboratory tests for Renal function tests, urine output, metabolic parameters and hematological profile.
Results: 19 males (63.3% and 11 females (36.7%) were studied. The main causes for AKI were sepsis (46.6%) followed by hepatic causes (16.6%), gastroenteritis (10%) and others (10.2%). Out of 30 patients, 19 recovered (63.3%) and were discharged and 11(36.7%) died. Most of the deaths were in injury (37.5%) and failure (42.8%) stages of RIFLE criteria. Out of 19 recovered 16(84.21%) patients did not need any renal replacement therapy whereas 3(15.8%) patients had to undergo hemodialysis.
Conclusion: Early identification of kidney injury may lead to lesser renal replacement therapy and better prognosis. However late presentations of AKI have higher hospital mortality rate.
Incidence of choledocholithiasis in gallstone disease
Authors: Tamrakar Kishor Kumar , Bhattarai Abhishek , Devakota Pragya 
Published: April 2019

Background: Five to 20% patients with cholelithiasis also have choledocholithiasis. Most of them are diagnosed during a routine preoperative examination. Objective: To study the incidence of choledocholithiasis in patients with gallstone disease.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study, conducted over a period of five years from January 2009 December 2013. Hospital record of the patients with a diagnosis of gallstone disease were evaluated. Clinical pictures of the disease and incidence of choledocholithiasis in those patients were analyzed.
Result: One thousand four hundred sixty were diagnosed as a gallstone disease over a period of five years. Bile duct stone was found in 59 (4.04%) patients. The median age of presentation was 55 years. Classical charcots traid was seen in 9 (15.25%) patients. Ultrasound of the abdomen detected choledocholithiasis in 44 (74.57%) patients. Fifty four (91.52%) patients were managed with open cholecystectomy and CBD exploration.
Conclusion: Incidence of choledocholithiasis in patients with gallstone disease is 4.04%. Most of the choledocholithiasis were diagnosed by ultrasound of the abdomen. Even in the era of minimally invasive surgery, when facilities and technical expertise are not available choledocholithiasis has to be managed with open CBD exploration.
Implementation and evaluation of the clinical pathway for the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dhital Bishnu Mani , Mao Ou Yang , Regmi Shyam Raj , Regmi Sudhir 
Published: April 2019

Background: The clinical pathways have been developed to guide and standardize diagnosis, treatment of certain diseases, optimize smooth patient care, and its application has been proven to regulate the medical practice and to improve the quality of medical care in developed countries.
Objective: To analyze and evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after the implementation of clinical pathways and to identify the areas need to be improved in clinical practice in Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University.
Methods: 250 ACS patients, divided into five groups 50 in each, were collected from December 2009 to December 2011, the first group was considered as baseline and compared with other four group. All these data were compared and analyzed with other tertiary hospitals of china.
Results: STEMI patients arriving within 12 hours of onset of symptoms was increased (P<0.05), and final diagnosis consistent with cardiac markers was also increased (P<0.05).Use of aspirin, clopidogrel, β-Blocker, ACEI /ARB, and statin was higher (P>0.05), but the use of clopidogrel and statin was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other hospitals; no significant difference (P>0.05) in Door-to-needle time or Door-to-balloon time, though longer than standard guidelines, but the door-to-needle time was shorter when compared with other hospitals. TIMI risk score of UA/NSTEMI patients and invasive therapy (PCI) was negatively correlated (r = -0.312, P<0.05), and results were similar when compared with other hospitals; high-risk patients increased, but no significant difference in mortality (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Implementation of Clinical pathway may help to improve patient outcome with early invasive and medical therapy.
Study on clinical profile of dengue in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Kenopama , Rijal Reisha , Regmi Shanti , Sedhai Sabina , Adhikari Shital 
Published: April 2019

Background: This study was conducted to elucidate the clinical features, laboratory parameters and management outcome of dengue patients admitted in a tertiary care center of Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study in dengue patients aged 12 years or more who were admitted in Tropical Wards and Intensive Care Unit of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH), Chitwan, Nepal from November 2016 to December 2017. Diagnosis of dengue was confirmed by positive NS1 antigen or ELISA IgM or both. The required data were retrieved from patient’s medical records and laboratory data base. Data analysis was performed by using IBM-SPSS 20.
Results: Of 60 patients, majority (65%) were male. Forty-one (68.33%) patients were diagnosed by positive NS1 and 18 (30%) were ELISA IgM positive. In the year 2017, highest numbers of cases (20, 33.33%) were in the month of November, followed by 14 cases (23.33%) in October. Similarly, in the year 2016, dengue cases peaked in the month of November. All patients had fever as a presenting complaint. Other common presenting features were myalgia 42 (70%) and headache 32 (53%). Thrombocytopenia was observed in 52 (86.66%) patients followed by leucopenia in 41 (68.33%) cases. Elevation of AST and ALT were found in 45 (75%) and 38 (63.33%) patients respectively. Only 2 patients (3.3%) had dengue with warning signs. Four (6.8%) patients needed platelet transfusion. No mortality was observed.
Conclusions: Majority of dengue patients had thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and elevated AST and ALT. Only two patients had dengue with warning signs. Hospital mortality was not documented.
PRAKTEK POLITIK UANG PADA PEMILUKADA SERENTAK 2015 (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SIMPASAI KECAMATAN LAMBU KABUPATEN BIMA)
Authors: Maemunah Maemunah , Masita Masita 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Praktek politik uang (money politics)merupakan praktek yang sering terjadi di setiap pemilu. Politik uang juga adalah salah satu faktor penyebab demokrasi berbiaya tinggi, praktek ini merugikan masyarakat dan mencederai asas pemilu. Praktek politik uang juga merupakan bagian dari bentuk korupsi politik, praktek politik uang menjadi isu keprihatinan dan ancaman nyata dalam menjalankan sistem demokrasi. berdasarkan uraian permasalahan peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti bagaimana presepsi masyarakatak terhadap praktek politik uang pada pemilukada serentak 2015 di Desa Simpasai Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima dan bagaimanakah bentuk dari politik uang pada pemilukada serentak 2015, dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi masyarakat Desa Simpasai Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima terhadap praktek politik uang pada pelaksanaan pemilukada serentak tahun 2015. Untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk praktek politik uang pada pelaksanaan pemilukada serentak 2015 di Desa Simpasai Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metodekualitatifdengan pendekatan deskriptif. lokasi penelitian dilaksakan di Desa Simpasai Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima dengan mengunakan subyek penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi, tehnik analisis yang digunakan adalah diawali dengan proses pengumpulan data,, penyajian data,dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran pemilukada serentak tahun 2015 presepsi penyelenggara terhadap pelaksanaan pemilukada serentak 2015 bahwa pemilukada serentak 2015 ini merupakan pemilukada serentak yang pertama dilakukan oleh bangsa Indonesia sehingga persepsi penyelenggara bahwa pemilukada serentak adalah suatu pesta demokrasi untuk memilih pemimpin daerah yang tidak terlepas dari penggunaan anggaran yang menyebabkan adanya kemungkinan terjadinya politik uang tetapi politik uang dapat diminimalisir karena penyenggara pemilukada melakukan sosialisasi tentang hal tersebut. Bentuk-bentuk politik uang dalam pemilukada serentak pada tahun 2015 di Desa Simpasai Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima berupa penyaluran bantuan melalui bantuan sosial yang dilakukan oleh peserta pemilu ialah berbentuk uang, berbentuk material, berbentuk barang, dan berbentuk sembako.
PREFERENSI MEDIA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI KOMUNIKASI PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM NON PENDIDIKAN DASAR UPBJJ-UT MATARAM DALAM MENCARI INFORMASI
Authors: Prihandoyo Windi Baskoro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the information and communications technology media preferences of Non Basic Education Program Student in UPBJJ-UT Mataram and analyzes the factors that influence the media preference information communication technology of Non Basic Education Program Student in UPBJJ-UT Mataram. The results in this study is 1) generally known that most respondents own dan able to use information technology communication tools to seek administrative and academic information for higher education at the Open University, 2) generally known that the media of information most used by respondents in the search for administrative and academic information for higher education at the Open University is an Internet, phone and catalog UT.
PERAN PENGHULU LINGKUNGAN DALAM PROSES PERKAWINAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KELUARNYA PP NO.48 TAHUN 2014 DI LINGKUNGAN BANJAR KELURAHAN BANJAR KECAMATAN AMPENAN KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Muttaqien Zedi , Albar Toni 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Penghulu lingkungan merupakan tokoh agama dilingkungan yang membantu P3N (Pembantu Pegawai Pencatatan Nikah) dalam pelayanan nikah, penghulu lingkungan ditunjuk oleh warga setempat yang mempunyai pengetahuan keagamaan yang cukup atau berasal dari kalangan alim ulama atau tokoh agama yang dituakan dilingkungan setempat, peran penghulu lingkungan dalam proses perkawinan sebelum keluarnya PP NO. 48 Tahun 2014 adalah membantu P3N (Pembantu Pegawai Pencatatan Nikah) dalam pelayanan nikah dan berperan setiap berhubangan kegiatan keagamaan. Akan tetapi peran penghulu lingkungan dalam proses perkawinan sesudah keluarnya PP NO. 48 tahun 2014 dalam proses perkawinan tidak lagi melayani perkawinan karena penghulu lingkungan hanya membantu P3N, sedangkan P3N sudah dihapus dan tidak di perpanjang masa tugasnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, berdasarkan rumusan masalah dan tujuan penelitian pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif normatif karena data yang diperoleh dilapangan lebih banyak bersifat informasi keterangan berupa gambar dan kata atau kalimat serta berkaitan PP No. 48 Tahun 2014.Lokasi penelitian di Lingkungan Banjar Kelurahan Banjar Kecamatan Ampenan Kota Mataram, metode pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif dan sumber yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder.Dari hasil penelitian peran penghulu lingkungan Dalam Proses Perkawinan sesudah keluarnya PP NO. 48 Tahun 2014 adalah membantu kepala lingkungan untuk memandu saat acara ijab qabul, Menjadi khotbah nikah jika diminta oleh KUA, dan menjadi saksi nikah, adapun peran penghulu lingkungan secara umum adalah Pengurusan jenazah, membimbing remaja masjid belajar membaca alqur’an, sebagai konsultan dalam permasalahan-permasalahan keagamaan, pemeliharaan keamanan, ketertiban dan kerukunan hidup beragama, menjadi imam masjid Dan menangani masalah-masalah agama islam.