bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invisible cobwebs in teamwork—Impediments to the care of patients with heart failure: A qualitative study
Authors: Khoshab Hadi , Nouhi Esmat , Tirgari Batool , Ahmadi Fazlollah 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimThis study was done to explore team member's perception regarding impediments to the care of patients with heart failure (HF).BackgroundComplex, chronic HF patients require interprofessional teams to address their multiple health needs. Working in a team has some challenges in achieving goals. Sociocultural differences in Iranian therapeutic team members causes some impediments to provide effective care in the form of a team.MethodsData were collected through unstructured in‐depth interviews with 58 team members in caring for the patients with HF. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsTwelve subcategories and 5 categories were formed: inefficient supportive network, inadequacy of training and treatment, affectability and variability challenges for the team, arduous working conditions, and heavy physicians shadow on nursing. The final theme emerged as “Invisible cobwebs in teamwork.”ConclusionDespite teamwork being an efficient way of achieving goals, several impediments like a cobweb hinder it from becoming fully exploited. Teamwork has a desirable output when all the members feel the same sense of authority and see themselves in an integrated team and managers have a crucial role in removing these impediments.
How to Evaluate the Quality of Toxicokinetic—Toxicodynamic Models in the Context of Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Jager Tjalling , Ashauer Roman 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals relies on the combination of exposure and effects assessment. Exposure concentrations are commonly estimated using mechanistic fate models, but the effects side is restricted to descriptive statistical treatment of toxicity data. Mechanistic effect models are gaining interest in a regulatory context, which has also sparked discussions on model quality and good modeling practice. Proposals for good modeling practice of effect models currently focus very much on population and community models, whereas effects models also exist at the individual level, falling into the category of toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. In contrast to the higher-level models, TKTD models are usually completely parameterized by fitting them to experimental data. In fact, one of their explicit aims is to replace descriptive methods for data analysis. Furthermore, the construction of these models does not fit into an orderly modeling cycle, given that most TKTD models have been under continuous development for decades and are being applied by many different research groups, for many different purposes. These aspects have considerable consequences for the application of frameworks for model evaluation. For example, classical sensitivity analysis becomes rather meaningless when all model parameters are fitted to a data set. We illustrate these issues with the General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS), relate them to the quality issues for currently used models in ERA, and provide recommendations for the evaluation of TKTD models and their analyses. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:604–614. ©2018 SETAC

Key Points
Mechanistic effect models, including at the individual level the toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) models, are gaining increasing interest in a regulatory context. Current frameworks for “model quality” or “good modeling practice” cannot not accommodate TKTD models, which differ in key aspects from models at higher levels of biological organization (e.g., they are completely parameterized by fitting the model to a data set). We discuss these differences and propose a different structure for evaluating models and modeling analyses, breaking up the process in 3 stages: the conceptual model, the implementation, and the application. The methods that are currently routinely used in environmental risk assessment (such as dose–response curves) should be evaluated using the same criteria as put forward for alternatives (such as TKTD models).
Impact of BRCA mutations on outcomes among patients with serous endometrial cancer
Authors: Kadan Yfat , Raviv Oshrat , Segev Yakir , Lavie Ofer , Bruchim Ilan , Fishman Ami , Michaelson Rachel , Beller Uzi , Helpman Limor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcome of patients with uterine papillary serous cancer (UPSC) carrying a BRCA mutation with that of patients with UPSC who are BRCA wild‐type.MethodsThe present retrospective, multicenter cohort study included women with UPSC who were diagnosed between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2014, and were tested for the BRCA mutation at three Israeli medical centers. Data were collected from the medical records, and patient and tumor characteristics and disease outcomes were compared between BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers. The primary outcome was overall survival.ResultsIn total, 14 BRCA mutation carriers and 50 noncarriers were included. Both groups had similar treatment modalities (P=0.530). A non‐significant trend toward BRCA mutation carriers being diagnosed more frequently at an advanced stage compared with noncarriers was observed (P=0.090). Median overall survival (25 vs 37 months; P=0.442), progression‐free survival (37 vs 29 months; P=0.536), and disease‐specific survival (60 vs 39 months; P=0.316) were similar between the carrier and noncarrier groups.ConclusionsAlthough not significant, BRCA mutation carriers tended to have more advanced disease at diagnosis. However, the survival was similar irrespective of the BRCA status in this small group. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in a larger cohort.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of velamentous cord insertion among singleton pregnancies and the risk of preterm delivery
Authors: de los Reyes Samantha , Henderson Janice , Eke Ahizechukwu C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have reported varying results about the association of velamentous cord insertion (VCI) with adverse pregnancy outcomes.ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk of preterm delivery among singleton pregnancies complicated by VCI.Search strategyVarious databases were searched for English‐language articles published up to February, 28, 2017, using keywords including VCI; abnormal placentation; abnormal cord insertions; adverse perinatal outcomes; and preterm birth. Outcome measures included preterm delivery; pre‐eclampsia; cesarean delivery; fetal demise in utero (FDIU); and small for gestational age (SGA).Selection criteriaOnly studies involving VCI were included in the meta‐analysis.Data collection and analysisAnalyses were performed using RevMan version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark).Main resultsThere were six studies included in the analysis. The VCI and control groups comprised 16 295 and 1 366 485 women, respectively. An increased incidence of preterm delivery was found for the VCI group compared with the control group (11.8% vs 7.0%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–2.04). A diagnosis of VCI was also associated with cesarean delivery (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–1.23), SGA (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.83–2.04), and FDIU (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 3.21–4.89).ConclusionThe presence of VCI was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
MiR‐127‐3p inhibits cell growth and invasiveness by targeting ITGA6 in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Dong , Tang Liang , Wu Huihui , Wang Kai , Gu Dongyun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most universal malignant bone tumors that occur mostly in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR‐127‐3p and integrin subunit‐α 6 (ITGA6) in OS proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism and target relationship. By conducting quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot, the microRNA (miRNA) and protein expressions of miR‐127‐3p and ITGA6 in both tissues and cells were determined. The expression of apoptosis and migration related were also detected by western blot. The target relationship between miR‐127‐3p and ITGA6 was predicted by TargetScan and verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The biological functions of miR‐127‐3p and ITGA6 in OS were investigated by following experiments: cell counting kit 8 (CCK‐8) and colony formation assays to inspect cell proliferation, flow cytometry, and caspase 3 activity assay to examine apoptosis, and transwell and wound healing assays to analyze invasion and migration. Significant down‐regulation of miR‐127‐3p and up‐regulation of ITGA6 was found out in OS tissues and cells. ITGA6 was proved to be the downstream target gene of miR‐127‐3p and functioned as a tumor promotor in OS, while miR‐127‐3p restrained deterioration of OS by suppressing cell viability, reducing migration and invasion, and promoting apoptosis. MiR‐127‐3p suppressed proliferation, invasion, and migration while stimulated apoptosis of OS cells through knocking down ITGA6. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):411–419, 2018
The role of lipids in host–pathogen interactions
Authors: Walpole Glenn F. W. , Grinstein Sergio , Westman Johannes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInnate immunity relies on the effective recognition and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. This entails sequestration of pathogens into phagosomes that promptly acquire microbicidal and degradative properties. This complex series of events, which involve cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane remodeling and the activation of multiple enzymes, is orchestrated by lipid signaling. To overcome this immune response, intracellular pathogens acquired mechanisms to subvert phosphoinositide‐mediated signaling and use host lipids, notably cholesterol, as nutrients. We present brief overviews of the role of phosphoinositides in phagosome formation and maturation as well as of cholesterol handling by host cells, and selected Salmonella, Shigella, Chlamydia and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to exemplify the mechanisms whereby intracellular pathogens co‐opt lipid metabolism in host cells. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):384–392, 2018
Anxiolytic effect of anacardic acids from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell in mice
Authors: Gomes Júnior Antonio Luiz , Tchekalarova Jana Dimitrova , Machado Keylla da Conceição , Moura Arkellau Kenned Silva , Paz Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim , da Mata Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira , Nogueira Tiago Rocha , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Rios Maria Alexsandra de Sousa , Graças Lopes Citó Antônia Maria das , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Shilpi Jamil A. , Das Asish K. , Lopes Luciano da Silva , Melo‐Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAntianxiety drugs currently in use are associated with a number of serious side effects. Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of anacardic acids (AAs) isolated from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentaleL.) shell liquid (CNSL) to treat anxiety as well as its role in oxidative stress in mice model. Anxiolytic effect of AA was evaluated using rota‐rod and a set of behavioral tests in male Swiss albino mice at the doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Flumazenil was used to evaluate the possible involvement of GABAergic system in the mechanism of action of AA. The effect of AA on oxidative stress in mice was evaluated by determining the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase (CAT) activity. The detection of DNA damage of the treated animals was performed using alkaline comet test in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the animals. The results demonstrated that AA did not produce myorelaxant and sedative effects, nor did it cause a decrease in locomotor activity. The anxiolytic effect of AA was well‐evident in all tests, especially at higher dose levels (25 and 50 mg/mg). Flumazenil reversed the anxiolytic effect of AA at all doses. In addition, AA reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the concentration of MDA and increasing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and CAT activity. Statistical analysis by Pearson's correlation indicated a positive correlation between anxiolytic effect of AA to its antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Furthermore, increased CAT activity and GSH concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice was also complementary to the reduced genotoxic damage observed in the study. In comet assay, AA did not increase in DNA damage. In conclusion, the results supported that AA possesses GABAAreceptor mediated anxiolytic activity with the lack of myorelaxation and genotoxicity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):420–431, 2018
Subchronic cadmium exposure upregulates the mRNA level of genes associated to hepatic lipid metabolism in adult female CD1 mice
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Yan , Fu Lin , Feng Yu‐Jie , Ji Yan‐Li , Wang Hua , Xu De‐Xiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a persistent environmental and occupational contaminant that accumulates in humans and shows adverse effects on health. Accumulating evidence reveals that environmental Cd exposure is associated with hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic alterations in adult male mice. However, whether Cd exposure induces hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic alterations in female mice remains poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation and associated metabolic pathways. Female CD1 mice were administrated with CdCl2 (10 and 100 mg l–1) by drinking water. We found that Cd exposure did not induce obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation. By contrary, mice in the Cd‐100 mg l–1 group presented a significant reduction of the glucose area under the curve during the glucose tolerance test. However, there was a significant elevation in the mRNA level of Fasn and Scd‐1, which were critical genes during hepatic fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, hepatic Fabp1 and Fabp4, two genes for hepatic fatty acid uptake were upregulated in Cd‐treated mice. Of interest, Lpl, a key gene for hepatic lipoprotein lysis, was also upregulated in Cd‐treated mice. Collectively, our results suggest that Cd exposure upregulated mRNA level of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism although there was no insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation shown in the present study.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel biodegradable Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys for use as resorbable bone fixation implant
Authors: Yu Kun , Dai Yilong , Luo Zhongwei , Long Haitao , Zeng Min , Li Zhaohui , Zhu Jianxi , Cheng Liang , Zhang Yu , Liu Hui , Zhu Yong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloy is gaining more interest because of its degradability and osteogenic potential. Still, it has some deficiencies, such as its rapid degradation rate, insufficient mechanical property. This research aimed to design a novel biodegradable Mg‐argentum (Ag)‐yttrium (Y) alloy, and Y was added to improve degradable and mechanical property. Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys were characterized for mechanical features, practicabilities in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical features results shown that this novel component was similar to native bone tissue in elastic moduli, tensile, and compressive stress. Then mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded in alloys to assess cell toxicity in vitro. The results showed that its aqueous extract was suitable for MSCs adhesion and proliferation. Then the alloy was evaluated for biomedical applications in nonfractured distal femora of Sprague Dawley rats for 6 weeks, compared with those of pure‐Mg and stainless steel groups. All rats survived, and hematological and histological evaluation showed no abnormal physiology 6 weeks postimplantation, and measurements of serum Mg2+ concentration were within normal levels. X‐ray scanning, microcomputed tomography, and histological examinations were performed to evaluate the degradability and osteogenic potential. The results indicated that the degradation rate of alloy was 0.91 mm per year, (range 0.77–1.22 mm), and pure‐Mg 1.80 mm per year (1.43–2.26 mm). The new bone quantity was 3.18 mm3 (1.46–4.44 mm3) in Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys group, 1.39 mm3 (0.54–2.32 mm3) in pure‐Mg group, and none in stainless steel group. These promising results suggest potential clinical application of Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys for use as resorbable bone fixation implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2059–2069, 2018.
Evaluation of the temporary effect of physical vapor deposition silver coating on resistance to infection in transdermal skin and bone integrated pylon with deep porosity
Authors: Shevtsov Maxim A. , Yudintceva Natalia M. , Blinova Miralda I. , Voronkina Irina V. , Suslov Dmitriy N. , Galibin Oleg V. , Gavrilov Dmitriy V. , Akkaoui Michael , Raykhtsaum Grigoriy , Albul Andrey V. , Pitkin Emil , Pitkin Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeriprosthetic infection via skin‐implant interface is a leading cause of failures and revisions in direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses. Implants with deep porosity fabricated with skin and bone integrated pylons (SBIP) technology allow for skin ingrowth through the implant's structure creating natural barrier against infection. However, until the skin cells remodel in all pores of the implant, additional care is required to prevent from entering bacteria to the still nonoccupied pores. Temporary silver coating was evaluated in this work as a means to provide protection from infection immediately after implantation followed by dissolution of silver layer in few weeks. A sputtering coating with 1 µm thickness was selected to be sufficient for fighting infection until the deep ingrowth of skin in the porous structure of the pylon is completed. In vitro study showed less bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) growth on silver coated tablets compared to the control group. Analysis of cellular density of MG‐63 cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed that silver coating did not inhibit the cell growth on the implants and did not affect cellular functional activity. The in vivo study did not show any postoperative complications during the 6‐month observation period in the model of above‐knee amputation in rabbits when SBIP implants, either silver‐coated or untreated were inserted into the bone residuum. Three‐phase scintigraphy demonstrated angiogenesis in the pores of the pylons. The findings suggest that a silver coating with well‐chosen specifications can increase the safety of porous implants for direct skeletal attachment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 169–177, 2019.
Bridges of biomaterials promote nigrostriatal pathway regeneration
Authors: Gómez‐Pinedo Ulises , Sanchez‐Rojas Leyre , Vidueira Sandra , Sancho Francisco J. , Martínez‐Ramos Cristina , Lebourg Myriam , Monleón Pradas Manuel , Barcia Juan A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRepair of central nervous system (CNS) lesions is difficulted by the lack of ability of central axons to regrow, and the blocking by the brain astrocytes to axonal entry. We hypothesized that by using bridges made of porous biomaterial and permissive olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), we could provide a scaffold to permit restoration of white matter tracts. We implanted porous polycaprolactone (PCL) bridges between the substantia nigra and the striatum in rats, both with and without OEG. We compared the number of tyrosine‐hydroxylase positive (TH+) fibers crossing the striatal‐graft interface, and the astrocytic and microglial reaction around the grafts, between animals grafted with and without OEG. Although TH+ fibers were found inside the grafts made of PCL alone, there was a greater fiber density inside the graft and at the striatal‐graft interface when OEG was cografted. Also, there was less astrocytic and microglial reaction in those animals. These results show that these PCL grafts are able to promote axonal growth along the nigrostriatal pathway, and that cografting of OEG markedly enhances axonal entry inside the grafts, growth within them, and re‐entry of axons into the CNS. These results may have implications in the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's and others associated with lesions of central white matter tracts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 190–196, 2019.
Magnetoelastic galfenol as a stent material for wirelessly controlled degradation rates
Authors: DeRouin Andrew , Guillory Roger , He Weilue , Frost Megan , Goldman Jeremy , Ong Keat Ghee 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe gold standard of care for coronary artery disease, a leading cause of death for in the world, is balloon angioplasty in conjunction with stent deployment. However, implantation injuries and long‐term presence of foreign material often promotes significant luminal tissue growth, leading to a narrowing of the artery and severely restricted blood flow. A promising method to mitigate this process is the use of biodegradable metallic stents, but thus far they have either degraded too slowly (iron) or disappeared prematurely (magnesium). The present work investigates the use of a unique type of magnetic material, galfenol (iron‐gallium), for postoperative wireless control of stent degradation rates. Due to its magnetoelastic property, galfenol experiences longitudinal micron‐level elongations when exposed to applied magnetic fields, allowing generation of a microstirring effect that affect its degradation behavior. In vitro indirect cytotoxicity tests on primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells indicated that galfenol byproducts must be concentrated approximately seven times from collected 60 day degradation medium to cause ∼15% of death from all cells. Surface and cross‐sectional characterization of the material indicate that galfenol (Fe80Ga20) degradation rates (∼0.55% per month) are insufficient for stenting applications. While this material may not be ideal for comprising the entire stent, there is potential for use in combination with other materials. Furthermore, the ability to control degradation rates postimplantation opens new possibilities for biodegradable stents; additional magnetoelastic materials should be investigated for use in stenting applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 232–241, 2019.
Neighborhood social processes as moderators between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms for African American adolescents
Authors: Saleem Farzana T. , Busby Danielle R. , Lambert Sharon F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRacial discrimination is associated with numerous psychological consequences, including increased depressive symptoms for African American adolescents (Brody et al., 2006; Wong, Eccles, & Sameroff, 2003). Adolescents’ perceptions of their neighborhood can influence how youth interpret and manage racial discrimination (Sampson, Morenoff, & Gannon‐Rowley, 2002). Yet little is known about how adolescent perceptions of neighborhood cohesion and neighborhood disorganization protect or exacerbate the effects of racial discrimination, or how these effects vary by youth's gender. Therefore, the current study examined whether neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood disorganization moderated the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms for African American adolescents and how the effects differ for boys and girls. Participants were 106 African American adolescents (57% female; mean age 15.14) from an urban metropolitan area. Regression analyses suggest that perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion protected against racial discrimination for boys and girls. Additionally, the results indicate that when boys perceive less neighborhood disorganization, racial discrimination has a greater influence on their depressive symptoms. Findings have implications for intervention and prevention efforts that enhance and utilize positive neighborhood social processes for youth contending with racial discrimination.