bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Conformational Ensemble of Polyglutamine‐14 Chains: Specific Influences of Solubility Tail and Chromophores
Authors: Pylaeva Svetlana , Böker Arne , Elgabarty Hossam , Paul Wolfgang , Sebastiani Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe address polyglutamine‐14 in aqueous solution with specific chromophores and a solubility chain by means of a multiscale simulation approach, combining atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and coarse‐grained Monte‐Carlo conformational sampling. Despite the intrinsically disordered nature of the amyloidogenic polyglutamine, we observe transient characteristic structural motifs which exhibit a specific hydrogen bonding pattern. We illustrate the relationship between structure pattern and the distance distribution of a pair of chromophores attached to the peptide termini, in light of specific influence of a short solubility tail and the chromophores themselves on the conformational ensemble.
Muscle Stem Cell Immunostaining
Authors: Wang Shuaiyu , Zhang Bao , Addicks Gregory C. , Zhang Hui , J. Menzies Keir , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMuscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for maintaining muscle homeostasis by providing progenitor cells for muscle regeneration after injury and in muscular diseases. MuSC properties dynamically change, reflecting physiology or pathological status. For instance, MuSCs are activated after muscle injury, but become exhausted in late stages of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) disease and senescent during aging. Therefore, characterization of MuSCs, including proliferation, activation, senescence, and apoptosis, etc., is very important in applying MuSC knowledge to regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of DMD and to improve muscle function in aging. Here, we describe a detailed method for characterizing MuSCs in situ using immunostaining techniques in the mouse. This method can also be easily adapted to analyze other skeletal muscle properties. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The link between socially responsible human resource management and intellectual capital
Authors: Barrena‐Martinez Jesus , López‐Fernández Macarena , Romero‐Fernández Pedro M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the relevance of socially responsible human resource management (SR‐HRM) and its link to the generation of value for companies. Based on the synergistic assumptions of the configurational approach, the article tests the association of SR‐HRM policies on intellectual capital (IC) dimensions (human, social and organizational capital). A cluster and structural equation modelling analysis on a sample of 85 human resource (HR) managers confirms that companies implementing socially responsible HR policies could experience a greater increase in IC levels than other companies. This process facilitates the sustainable development of organizations through the enhancement of IC value and stakeholder engagement among employees as a main group of interest.
Dual‐Axial Gradient Doping (Zr and Sn) on Hematite for Promoting Charge Separation in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the crucial challenges to enhance the photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performance of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is to resolve its very fast charge recombination in bulk. Herein, we describe the design and fabrication of dual‐axial gradient‐doping on 1D Fe2O3 nanorod arrays with Zr doping for x‐axial and Sn doping for y‐axial directions to promote the charge separation. This dual‐axial gradient‐doping structure fulfills the requirements of a greater electron‐carrier concentration for increasing conductivity as well as a higher charge‐separation efficiency across the dual‐axial direction of Fe2O3 nanorods, ultimately showing an excellent photocurrent density of 1.64 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 26.3 times more than that of the bare Fe2O3. Furthermore, the remarkably improved photocurrent density, when comparing the uniform Zr‐doped Fe2O3 nanorod arrays (1.0 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE) with dual‐axial gradient‐doped (Zr and Sn) Fe2O3 nanorod arrays, highlights the additional charge‐separation effect resulting from gradient codoping of Zr and Sn. Hence, this promising design may provide guidelines for dual‐axial gradient doping into photoelectrodes to realize efficient PEC water splitting.
Matrix‐free modified extended BDF applied to the discontinuous Galerkin solution of unsteady compressible viscous flows
Authors: Nigro A. , De Bartolo C. , Crivellini A. , Bassi F. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this work, a time‐accurate integration of the discontinuous Galerkin space‐discretized Navier‐Stokes equations is performed exploiting the matrix‐free (MF) approach to speed up the solution process of the modified extended backward differentiation formulae (MEBDF) schemes. MEBDF are high‐order accurate implicit multistep schemes composed by three nonlinear stages. The proposed algorithm consists in solving the resulting nonlinear system of each stage with a preconditioned MF Newton/Krylov method using a frozen preconditioner strategy to improve its efficiency. Numerical results for compressible inviscid and viscous test cases, both with a known analytical solution, aim at assessing the performance of the proposed MF‐MEBDF algorithm, by comparing it with the one obtained by using its matrix‐explicit counterpart or the explicit strong stability preserving Runge‐Kutta scheme. In particular, the influence of some relevant physical (low‐speed flows) and discretization (aspect ratio, polynomial degree) aspects on the performance of the different time integration schemes are investigated, highlighting the pros and cons of the proposed algorithm and its effectiveness in solving nonstiff and stiff systems. Furthermore, the scalability in parallel computations of the proposed algorithm is investigated and, finally, its potential for efficient long‐time simulations is demonstrated computing a laminar vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder at different Reynolds numbers and by comparing its effectiveness with that of the strong stability preserving Runge‐Kutta scheme.
A case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;16)(q23;q24) leading to a novel KMT2A‐USP10 fusion gene
Authors: Zerkalenkova Elena , Lebedeva Svetlana , Kazakova Anna , Baryshev Pavel , Meyer Claus , Marschalek Rolf , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Michael , Maschan Aleksey , Olshanskaya Yulia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a leukemia case that exhibits a chromosomal translocation t(11;16)(q23;q23), which results in the expression of a novel KMT2A fusion gene. This novel fusion, KMT2A‐USP10, was found in a relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia M5a. USP10 belongs to a protein family that deubiquitinates a distinct set of target proteins, and thus, increases the steady state protein levels of its target subproteome. One of the USP10 targets is TP53. Wildtype TP53 is usually rescued from proteasomal degradation by USP10. As most KMT2A leukemias display wildtype p53 alleles, one might argue that the disruption of an USP10 allele can be classified as a pro‐oncogenic event.
Lessons for Sequencing from the Addition of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency to Newborn Screening Panels
Authors: Puck Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNow widely adopted, SCID newborn screening has proven effective for early identification and treatment of SCID. In addition, screening has improved our understanding of SCID and related disorders, which are more diverse than originally believed. Newborn screening for SCID illustrates how adding new disorders to newborn screening panels can be enormously beneficial if evidence‐based guidelines are adhered to and if mechanisms are in place to track outcomes and learn along the way. These lessons should guide all additions to newborn screening, including those involving sequencing.
Whose Odyssey Is It? Family‐Centered Care in the Genomic Era
Authors: Brosco Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite a century of progress in medical knowledge, many diagnostic odysseys end in disappointment, especially when the child has a developmental disorder. In cases of autism and intellectual disability, relatively few children receive a specific diagnosis, and virtually none of those diagnoses lead to a specific medical treatment. Whole‐genome or ‐exome sequencing offers a quantum leap in the diagnostic odyssey, in that we will always learn something from sequencing—sometimes much more than families bargained for, as discussed elsewhere in this special report. The trick is whether the knowledge gained will help the child and family. A family‐centered approach gives families permission to choose but does not lay all of the responsibility on them. The goal is to pursue the degree of medical diagnostic evaluation that matches the family's values.
A New Era, New Strategies: Education and Communication Strategies to Manage Greater Access to Genomic Information
Authors: Lewis Megan A. , Bonhomme Natasha , Bloss Cinnamon S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs next‐generation genomic sequencing, including whole‐genome sequencing information, becomes more common in research, clinical, and public health contexts, there is a need for comprehensive communication strategies and education approaches to prepare patients and clinicians to manage this information and make informed decisions about its use, and nowhere is that imperative more pronounced than when genomic sequencing is applied to newborns. Unfortunately, in‐person counseling is unlikely to be applicable or cost‐effective when parents obtain genomic risk information directly via the Internet. As a rule, communication strategies should match how people are accessing health information. Today, many people can obtain health information in a variety of settings, including through direct‐to‐consumer services, via websites, and through other digital channels or settings. In response to these changes, new communication strategies need to be considered. Adopting a comprehensive communication model means understanding the multiple levels of influence experienced by parents and the clinicians who serve them. In addition, applying communication‐science principles can help in addressing some key challenges to effectively communicating genomic information to parents.
Families’ Experiences with Newborn Screening: A Critical Source of Evidence
Authors: Grob Rachel , Roberts Scott , Timmermans Stefan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDebates about expanding newborn screening with whole genome sequencing are fueled by data about public perception, public opinion, and the positions taken by public advocates and advocacy groups. One form of evidence that merits attention as we consider possible uses of whole‐genome sequencing during the newborn period is parents’ (and children's) diverse experiences with existing expanded screening protocols. What do we know about this experience base? And what implications might these data have for decisions about how we use whole genome sequencing and how we assess its impact in the future? Although the broader literature on genetic susceptibility testing suggests that testing usually does not have adverse effects on children's psychosocial well‐being, certain newborn screening results have been demonstrated to cause distress, alter behavior, and even to influence the formation of new parental and family identities.
The Legal Dimensions of Genomic Sequencing in Newborn Screening
Authors: Zacharias Rachel L. , Smith Monica E. , King Jaime S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe possible integration of genomic sequencing (including whole‐genome and whole‐exome sequencing) into the three contexts addressed in this special report—state‐mandated screening programs, clinical care, and direct‐to‐consumer services—raises related but distinct legal issues. This essay will outline the legal issues surrounding the integration of genomic sequencing into state newborn screening programs, parental rights to refuse and access sequencing for their newborns in clinical and direct‐to‐consumer care, and privacy‐related legal issues attending the use of sequencing in newborns.
Measuring snow ablation rates in alpine terrain with a mobile multioffset ground‐penetrating radar system
Authors: Griessinger Nena , Mohr Franziska , Jonas Tobias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGround‐penetrating radar (GPR) has become a promising technique in the field of snow hydrological research. It is commonly used to measure snow depth, density, and water equivalent over large distances or along gridded snow courses. Having built and tested a mobile lightweight set‐up, we demonstrate that GPR is capable of accurately measuring snow ablation rates in complex alpine terrain. Our set‐up was optimized for efficient measurements and consisted of a multioffset radar with four pairs of antennas mounted to a plastic sled, which was small enough to permit safe and convenient operations. Repeated measurements at intervals of 2 to 7 days were taken during the 2014/2015 winter season along 10 profiles of 50 to 200 m length within two valleys located in the eastern Swiss Alps. Resulting GPR‐based data of snow depth, density, and water equivalent, as well as their respective change over time, were in good agreement with concurrent manual measurements, in particular if accurate alignment between repeated overpasses could be achieved. Corresponding root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) values amounted to 4.2 cm for snow depth, 17 mm for snow water equivalent, and 22 kg/m3 for snow density, with similar RMSE values for corresponding differential data. With this performance, the presented radar set‐up has the potential to provide exciting new and extensive datasets to validate snowmelt models or to complement lidar‐based snow surveys.
SOCIOEMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN TODDLERS WITH LANGUAGE DELAY
Authors: Thurm Audrey , Manwaring Stacy S. , Cardozo Jimenez Cecilia , Swineford Lauren , Farmer Cristan , Gallo Renee , Maeda Mika 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTToddlers with language delay are at risk for persistent developmental and behavioral difficulties; however, the association between socioemotional/behavior problems and language in young children is not well understood. This study explored socioemotional/behavior problems in a unique sample of toddlers with language delays using a measure developed explicitly for this age group. Toddlers identified by 18 months with receptive and expressive language delay (LD; n = 30) or typical development (TD; n = 61) were evaluated at 18 and 24 months of age using the Infant‐Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Compared to toddlers who had TD, toddlers with LD had significantly more concerning scores at 18 and 24 months on all ITSEA domains. The rate of “clinical concern” on most domains was not high in either group, except that >60% of LD toddlers were in the clinical concern range on the Competence domain. Socioemotional/behavioral problems were dimensionally related to receptive and expressive language, with greater language delay associated with more concerning ITSEA scores. Socioemotional and behavioral problems are related to receptive and expressive language abilities in 18‐ and 24‐month‐olds, indicating the need for screening of both types of concerns in toddlers identified with potential language delays.
Study on the relationship between insulin growth factor 1 and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cao Li‐Hua , Lu Feng‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Jie , Zhu Li‐Yao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between serum protein level of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe cases are divided into four groups. Then serum levels of IFG‐1, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, and HCV genotypes were detected simultaneously in patients with hepatitis C, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was measured by transient elastography, and aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio (APRI) score was determined.ResultsThere was no significant difference between CHC with T2DM group and CHC group in diabetes family history (P > 0.05), but the difference between the two groups were significantly lower than that of T2DM group (
P < 0.05). The levels of fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in CHC group with T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (
P < 0.05), while the IGF‐1 RNA and the serum protein level in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the CHC group, and were lower than those in the control group (
P < 0.05). The level of serum IGF‐1 was negatively correlated with HOMA‐IR, LSM, and APRI score in CHC with T2DM group (
r = −0.71, −0.75, and −0.69;
P < 0.01).ConclusionThe degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with CHC combined with T2DM was higher than that in non‐T2DM patients with CHC, which was mainly related to insulin resistance (IR) induced by 1b genotype HCV infection. IR can lead to impaired synthesis of IGF‐1, and the degree of damage has a corresponding relationship with hepatic fibrosis.
Influenza A virus inhibits influenza virus replication by inducing IL‐37
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zhu Cheng‐Liang , Niu Zhi‐Li , Xu Feng‐Xia , Song Hui , Liu Xing‐Hui 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundsThe influenza virus is one of the major pathogens that seriously affect human health. It can cause a strong immune response and trigger a series of complications. Interleukin 37 (IL‐37) is a newly discovered cytokine that plays an important regulatory role in infection and immunity. To date, there have been few studies on the correlation between influenza virus infection and IL‐37.MethodsSerum levels of IL‐37 in 115 patients with influenza A virus (IAV) infection and 102 healthy subjects were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to detect differences in IL‐37 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between IAV patients and healthy subjects. IL‐37 expression was measured in A549 cells and PBMCs infected with IAV H3N2 using ELISA and RT‐qPCR. After the H3N2‐infected A549 cells were treated with human IL‐37, the concentration of viral RNA was determined using RT‐qPCR, and the titer of influenza virus was determined by a hemagglutination test.ResultsThe IL‐37 levels in the sera and PBMCs of patients infected with IAV were higher than those of healthy subjects. The expression of IL‐37 mRNA and protein in IAV‐infected A549 cells and PBMCs was upregulated, and IL‐37 protein was able to inhibit the replication of IAV RNA.ConclusionIAV‐induced IL‐37 expression inhibits IAV replication.
HNA‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 genotyping using multiplex PCR among southern Thais: Developing continual HNA‐1 null detection
Authors: Intharanut Kamphon , Sasikarn Wiradee , Mitundee Supattra , Nathalang Oytip 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAntibodies against human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are involved in various clinical conditions including transfusion‐related acute lung injury and auto/alloimmune neutropenia. We aimed to determine HNA‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 frequencies among southern Thais using multiplex PCR and to develop HNA‐1 null detection.MethodsSamples obtained from 427 southern Thai blood donors were genotyped HNA‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 using multiplex PCR and compared their allele frequencies with those previously reported in Thai populations. HNA‐1 null samples were tested by newly developed PCR‐SSP and PCR‐RFLP and confirmed by DNA sequencing.ResultsThe frequencies of FCGR3B*01, FCGR3B*02, FCGR3B*03, SLC44A2*01, SLC44A2*02, ITGAL*01, and ITGAL*02 among southern Thais differed from other Thai populations, except ITGAM*01 and ITGAM*02 frequencies. Two samples without specific fragments of FCGR3B*01, FCGR3B*02, and FCGR3B*03 tested by multiplex PCR were confirmed by PCR‐RFLP to identify FCGR3B deficiency (HNA‐1 null). Moreover, to reduce test steps, the newly developed PCR‐SSP for FCGR3B deficiency was validated and tested in all samples and the results were in agreement with DNA sequencing.ConclusionsThis was the first study to report HNA‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 frequencies among southern Thais. The indeterminate results of multiplex PCR for HNA‐1 genotyping led to establish HNA‐1 null detection using PCR‐SSP, which is simple, convenient and cost‐effective and can be used to identify FCGR3B deficiency.
Cancer metastasis versus stem cell homing: Role of platelets
Authors: Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Ahmadiankia Naghmeh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the major obstacles in achieving a successful stem cell therapy is insufficient homing of transplanted cells. To overcome this obstacle, understanding the underlying mechanisms of stem cell homing is of obvious importance. Central to this review is the concept that cancer metastasis can be viewed as a role model to build up a comprehensive concept of stem cell homing. In this novel perspective, the prosurvival choices of the cancerous cells in the bloodstream, their arrest, extravasation, and proliferation at the secondary site can be exploited in favor of targeted stem cell homing. To date, tumor cells have been found to employ a wide variety of strategies to promote metastasis. One of these strategies is through their ability to activate platelets and subsequently activated platelets serve cancer cell survival and metastasis. Accordingly, in the first part of this review the roles of platelets in cancer metastasis as well as stem cell homing are discussed. Next, we provide some lessons learned from cancer metastasis in favor of developing strategies for improvement of stem cell homing with emphasis on the role of platelets. Based on direct or indirect evidence from metastasis, strategies such as manipulation of stem cells to enhance interaction with platelets, preconditioning–pretreatment of stem cells with platelets in vitro, and coinjection of both stem cells and platelets are proposed to improve stem cell homing.
Left ventricular noncompaction in patients with coronary artery disease: Preliminary analysis of echocardiographic findings
Authors: Zhu Xiangming , Ya Yang , Hu Guobing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic findings of eight patients with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and concurrent coronary artery disease. This study was conducted in Yijishan Hospital between January 2012 and May 2017. Of the eight patients, six were diagnosed with coronary arterial atherosclerosis, one patient with coronary pulmonary fistula, and one with coronary myocardial bridge. Regional wall motion abnormalities were detected in all patients. Echocardiography can provide significant information about LVNC in patients with coronary artery disease. However, whether regional wall motion abnormalities are caused by coronary artery disease or noncompaction of the myocardium remains unknown in most patients.
Gold nanoparticles for enhanced ionization and fragmentation of biomolecules using LDI‐MS
Authors: Sacks Cody D. , Stumpo Katherine A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNew applications for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry are presented here. This work expands on previous biomolecule studies and introduces carbohydrates, steroids, bile acids, and other small molecules as a focus. Broad trends in ionization are observed, and specifically of interest are new species that have not previously been reported from AuNPs (e.g., [M + Au]+). Interesting fragmentation effects have been observed for diphenhydramine, including similarity to electron impact mass spectra and possible radical driven reactions, providing insight into the mechanism of ionization when using AuNPs.