bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Technique for Hollowing a Prosthesis with Excessive Vertical Height Using Polyvinyl Siloxane Putty
Authors: Gandhi Nitasha , Kurian Nirmal , Wadhwa Supneet , Daniel Angleena , Daniel Smitha , Varghese Vinaya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRehabilitation of hemimaxillectomy patients is a very challenging process. The augmented weight of the prosthesis when closing large defects is often a concern to its retention and lightweight obturators are thus warranted in such clinical situations. Most of the techniques in literature to hollow a prosthesis were designed to make only the defect region of obturator hollow and has limited application when it comes to prosthesis with excessive vertical height. This technique described in this article can be used to hollow vertical height of any prosthesis and successfully replace conventional techniques when they are not feasible.
Hip Pain in the Athlete Part 2: How to Work Up, Diagnosis, and Manage Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Bolia Ioanna , Briggs Karen , Philippon Marc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFemoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is frequently recognized as a cause of hip pain in athletes. Sports predisposing to the development of FAI often include repetitive hip flexion combined with rotational movements or extreme joint range of motion. Hip symptoms often arise due to multiple structural abnormalities in and around the joint. Conservative management with physical therapy is recommended at the initial manifestation of FAI in athletes, which is followed by hip arthroscopy if no improvement is observed. Physicians must consider the socioeconomic impact of the hip injury on active individuals, especially in athletes who compete at a professional level.
Therapie frischer und veralteter Quadrizeps- und Patellarsehnenrupturen
Authors: Dettmer Sebastian , Schweigkofler Uwe , Hoffmann Reinhard 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie nicht knöchernen Verletzungen des Kniegelenkstreckapparates sind seltene, aber relevante Verletzungen, die zur uneingeschränkten Wiederherstellung einer zeitnahen Diagnosestellung und i. d. R. operativen Therapie bedürfen. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die funktionelle Anatomie des Kniegelenkstreckapparates und die gezielte Diagnostik. Das grundlegende Wissen zur konservativen wie auch operativen Versorgung und Nachbehandlung von frischen und chronischen Totalrupturen und Partialrupturen der Quadrizeps- und Patellarsehne wird in dieser Übersicht vermittelt.
Glucose metabolism mediates disease tolerance in cerebral malaria
Authors: Wang Andrew , Huen Sarah C. , Luan Harding H. , Baker Kelly , Rinder Henry , Booth Carmen J. , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Feeding behavior changes drastically with infection and is a conserved behavioral response. However, the mechanistic aspects of how this behavior provides a survival advantage are poorly understood. Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a mechanism by which disease tolerance is established and coordinated to the type of inflammatory insult to support tissue function. The type of metabolism required for survival of parasitic infections has not yet been explored. Here, we report that inhibition of glycolysis utilizing 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) prevented the development of cerebral malaria. The 2DG did not affect pathogen burden, degree of anemia, or cerebral inflammation. Instead, 2DG improved disease tolerance by affecting hemostasis and greatly diminished the formation of intracerebral microthrombi and hemorrhage.
Investigating effects of criterial consistency, the diversity dimension, and threshold variation in formulaic language research
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Kisselev Olesya , Yoon Jungwan , Amory Michael D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractO’Donnell et al. (2013) considered four measures of formulaicity and reported that they produced different results concerning the effects of expertise and first/second language status on formulaic sequence usage in academic writing. The current study explores several additional methodological issues using the same dataset from O’Donnell et al. (2013). We first motivate the need for criterial consistency and investigate whether frequency- and association-based measures yield different results when they are both obtained using corpus-internal criteria. The informativeness of the diversity dimension of formulaic sequence use is then gauged by comparing the results of phrase-frame type-token ratio against those of other measures. Finally, we profile formulaic sequence distribution across quartiles of different measures to assess the effect of variable measure thresholds. Our findings highlight the criticality of issues of criterial consistency, formulaic sequence diversity, and threshold variation in formulaic language research.
Olfaction in animal behaviour and welfare.
Authors: Mota-Rojas D. , Orihuela A. , Napolitano F. , Mora-Medina P. , Orozco-Gregorio H. , Alonso-Spilsbury M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Olfaction is the primary sensory communication mode for most mammals; social, sexual, maternal and feeding behaviours are four basic and fundamental aspects directly related to olfaction. Herein we consider these four main aspects of olfaction in a variety of mammals from the families
Ungulata
and
Carnivora
. Firstly, we provide a brief explanation on the anatomy and how olfaction is modulated. In particular, we discuss the literature in the context of recent trends in main olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ functions, briefly explaining the main differences between the anatomical olfactory structures of various domestic animals. Subsequently, examples of animal welfare implications of diet selection, predation, aversion, breeding and mother-young bonding behaviours are described. An ethological view of olfaction in addition to the brain structure and olfaction morphology aspects has been covered, as it offers a promising approach in the welfare of mammalian species under our care. We conclude that the knowledge of the roles played by olfaction in chemical communication may help improving housing conditions, fulfilment of feeding requirements, handling and breeding of companion, farm and zoo mammals, and promote the development of appropriate social, sexual, parental and feeding behaviours thus enhancing animal welfare.
Identification of an aldehyde oxidase involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in Bombyx mori silk gland
Authors: Takei Mami , Kogure Syota , Yokoyama Chiaki , Kouzuma Yoshiaki , Suzuki Yoshihito 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Auxin is thought to be an important factor in the induction of galls by galling insects. We have previously shown that both galling and nongalling insects synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from tryptophan (Trp) via two intermediates, indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld). In this study, we isolated an enzyme that catalyzes the last step “IAAld → IAA” from a silk-gland extract of Bombyx mori. The enzyme, designated “BmIAO1”, contains two 2Fe–2S iron–sulfur-cluster-binding domains, an FAD-binding domain, and a molybdopterin-binding domain, which are conserved in aldehyde oxidases. BmIAO1 causes the nonenzymatic conversion of Trp to IAAld and the enzymatic conversion of IAOx to IAA, suggesting that BmIAO1 alone is responsible for IAA production in B. mori. However, a detailed comparison of pure BmIAO1 and the crude silk-gland extract suggested the presence of other enzymes involved in IAA production from Trp.
Abbreviations: BA: benzoic acid; CE: collision energy; CXP: collision cell exit potential; DP: declustering potential; IAA: indole-3-acetic acid; IBI1: IAA biosynthetic inhibitor-1; IAAld: indole-3-acetaldehyde; ICA: indole-3-carboxylic acid; IAOx: indole-3-acetaldoxime; IEtOH: indole-3-ethanol; LC–MS/MS: liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Trp: tryptophan
Ergothioneine production with Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Takusagawa Shun , Satoh Yasuharu , Ohtsu Iwao , Dairi Tohru 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
To establish a reliable and practical ergothioneine (ERG) supply, we employed fermentative ERG production using Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus used for food production. We heterologously overexpressed the egt-1 and -2 genes of Neurospora crassa in A. oryzae and succeeded in producing ERG (231.0 mg/kg of media, which was 20 times higher than the wild type).
Abbreviations: ERG: ergothioneine; HER: hercynine; Cys-HER: hercynylcysteine-sulfoxide; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine; l-His: l-histidine; l-Cys: l-cysteine; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
The Potential Implications of “Big Ag Data” for USDA Forecasts
Authors: Tack Jesse , Coble Keith H. , Johansson Robert , Harri Ardian , Barnett Barry J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe USDA produces yield and supply estimates for many crops that influence commodity markets and are used for implementing the Title I program, Agriculture Risk Coverage. Precision agriculture advances have increased the potential for the private sector to capture near‐real time yield data, however, it is unclear whether they provide advantages in setting market positions since the samples are typically non‐random. Here, we use yield histories from a large population of corn farms to quantify biases associated with different non‐random sampling schemes for estimating aggregate yield, and demonstrate the effectiveness of benchmarking procedures for removing systematic prediction error.
Precision Inhibitory Stimulation of Individual-Specific Cortical Hubs Disrupts Information Processing in Humans
Authors: Lynch Charles J , Breeden Andrew L , Gordon Evan M , Cherry Joseph B C , Turkeltaub Peter E , Vaidya Chandan J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising treatment for psychiatric and neurologic conditions, but outcomes are variable across treated individuals. In principle, precise targeting of individual-specific features of functional brain networks could improve the efficacy of NIBS interventions. Network theory predicts that the role of a node in a network can be inferred from its connections; as such, we hypothesized that targeting individual-specific “hub” brain areas with NIBS should impact cognition more than nonhub brain areas. Here, we first demonstrate that the spatial positioning of hubs is variable across individuals but reproducible within individuals upon repeated imaging. We then tested our hypothesis in healthy individuals using a prospective, within-subject, double-blind design. Inhibition of a hub with continuous theta burst stimulation disrupted information processing during working-memory more than inhibition of a nonhub area, despite targets being separated by only a few centimeters on the right middle frontal gyrus of each subject. Based upon these findings, we conclude that individual-specific brain network features are functionally relevant and could leveraged as stimulation sites in future NIBS interventions.
The Clinical Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination to Prevent Measles Importations Among International Travelers From the United States
Authors: Hyle Emily P , Fields Naomi F , Fiebelkorn Amy Parker , Walker Allison Taylor , Gastañaduy Paul , Rao Sowmya R , Ryan Edward T , LaRocque Regina C , Walensky Rochelle P 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Measles importations and the subsequent spread from US travelers returning from abroad are responsible for most measles cases in the United States. Increasing measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination among departing US travelers could reduce the clinical impact and costs of measles in the United States.

Methods
We designed a decision tree to evaluate MMR vaccination at a pretravel health encounter (PHE), compared with no encounter. We derived input parameters from Global TravEpiNet data and literature. We quantified Riskexposure to measles while traveling and the average number of US-acquired cases and contacts due to a measles importation. In sensitivity analyses, we examined the impact of destination-specific Riskexposure, including hot spots with active measles outbreaks; the percentage of previously-unvaccinated travelers; and the percentage of travelers returning to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage.

Results
The no-encounter strategy projected 22 imported and 66 US-acquired measles cases, costing $14.8M per 10M travelers. The PHE strategy projected 15 imported and 35 US-acquired cases at $190.3M per 10M travelers. PHE was not cost effective for all international travelers (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] $4.6M/measles case averted), but offered better value (ICER <$100 000/measles case averted) or was even cost saving for travelers to hot spots, especially if travelers were previously unvaccinated or returning to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage.

Conclusions
PHEs that improve MMR vaccination among US international travelers could reduce measles cases, but are costly. The best value is for travelers with a high likelihood of measles exposure, especially if the travelers are previously unvaccinated or will return to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage.
Mass Drug Administration With Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and Malaria Transmission Dynamics in The Gambia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mwesigwa Julia , Achan Jane , Affara Muna , Wathuo Miriam , Worwui Archibald , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Kanuteh Fatoumatta , Prom Aurelia , Dierickx Susan , di Tanna Gian Luca , Nwakanma Davis , Bousema Teun , Drakeley Chris , Van Geertruyden Jean Pierre , D’Alessandro Umberto 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Mass drug administration (MDA) may further reduce malaria transmission in low-transmission areas. The impact of MDA on the dynamics of malaria transmission was determined in a prospective cohort study.

Methods
Annual rounds of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) were implemented were implemented in 2014 and 2015 in six village pairs before the malaria transmission season. Blood samples were collected from residents between July and December for microscopy and nested PCR. Incidence and prevalence of infection, clinical disease, and risk of malaria reinfection post-MDA were determined.

Results
Coverage of three DP doses was 68.2% (2014) and 65.6% (2015), compliance was greater than 80%. Incidence of infection was significantly lower in 2014 (incidence rate [IR] = 0.2 per person year [PPY]) than in 2013 (IR = 1.1 PPY; P < .01); monthly infection prevalence declined in the first three months post-MDA. Clinical malaria incidence was lower in 2014 (IR = 0.1 PPY) and 2015 (IR = 0.2 PPY) than in 2013 (IR = 0.4 PPY; P < .01), but remained higher in eastern Gambia. Individuals infected before MDA had a 2-fold higher odds of reinfection post-MDA (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.5–4.3; P < .01).

Conclusions
MDA reduced malaria infection and clinical disease during the first months. The reduction was maintained in low-transmission areas, but not in eastern Gambia. Annual MDA could be followed by focal MDA targeting individuals infected during the dry season. Repeated MDA rounds, some during the dry season over larger geographical areas, may result in a more marked and sustained decrease of malaria transmission.
Monitoring regression of post-orthodontic lesions with impedance spectroscopy: a pilot study
Authors: Mortensen Diana , Gizani Sotiria , Salamara Olina , Sifakakis Iosif , Twetman Svante 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objective
To investigate if the alternating current impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) technology could be used to monitor remineralization of post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances.

Material and methods
The study group consisted of 28 adolescents (aged 12–16 years) with at least two WSLs on their maxillary incisors, canines, or first premolars at debonding. Buccal surfaces (n = 194) were visually examined and scored with modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and with the CarieScan Pro device by three examiners according to manufactures manual (test method). In addition, 31 surfaces with ICDAS = 0 were monitored by ACIS, serving as controls. Follow-up examinations were carried out after 8 and 16 weeks. Modified ICDAS scores, captured from digital photographs by three independent examiners, served as reference method. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Data were analysed in a mixed statistical model considering systematic effects of visit, tooth and observer, random effects of patients, and visits within patients.

Results
Over 50 per cent of all surfaces had marked WSL at baseline and the corresponding values at 8 and 16 weeks were 33 per cent and 22 per cent. The ACIS readings mirrored the visual scores; the baseline estimate (56.3) was significantly decreased after 8 weeks (P < 0.05). The lateral incisors exhibited the highest values whereas the lowest were recorded for the central incisors.

Limitations
ICDAS is not the same as a ‘true’ gold standard. The high prevalence of WSL may jeopardize the external validity.

Conclusion
The ACIS technology may to some extent be used to monitor the regression of post-orthodontic WSLs.
Does low-frequency vibration have an effect on aligner treatment? A single-centre, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Arreghini Angela , Huanca Ghislanzoni Luis T , Siciliani Giuseppe 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundLow-frequency vibrations have been proposed as a means of accelerating tooth movement and reducing orthodontic treatment times.ObjectiveTo determine any differences in the accuracy of dental movement in patients treated with a low-frequency vibration aligner protocol and/or by reducing the aligner replacement interval with respect to a conventional protocol.DesignThis trial was designed as a single-centre, randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsParticipants: Patients (aged 27.1 ± 9.0 years) who required orthodontic treatment with aligners. Randomization: Patients were randomly allocated to three arms as determined by a computer-randomization scheme. Group A were assigned a conventional protocol (aligners replaced every 14 days); group B also used a low-frequency vibration device for 20 minutes per day; group C followed the same vibration protocol but replaced their aligners every 7 days. Blinding: The operator who performed the set-up and the one who analysed the data were blinded to the group of the patients. Outcome: Pre- and post-treatment digital models were analysed using VAM software to identify the accuracy/imprecision of dental movements. One-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05) and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used to identify any statistically significant differences between the three arms in terms of the accuracy of tooth movement versus the prescription.ResultsNumbers analysed: A total of 45 patients (15 for group) were analysed (i.e. 2286 dental movements). Outcome: No statistically significant differences emerged between groups A and C in the upper arch, or among groups A, B, and C in the lower. Group B displayed significantly greater accuracy with respect to group A in upper incisor rotation (P = 0.016), and to group C in vestibulolingual (P = 0.007) and mesiodistal tipping (P = 0.029) of the upper canines, and vestibulolingual tipping of the upper molars (P = 0.0001). Harms: No adverse events or side-effects were registered.ConclusionsConsidering all tooth and movement types of the 45 participants, the mean total imprecision was 2.1 ± 0.9 degrees, with respect to a mean prescription of 5.7 ± 2.2 degrees. There was no difference in accuracy between replacing the aligners accompanied by low-frequency vibration every 7 days and replacing them every 14 days without vibration. Moreover, low-frequency vibration seemed to improve the accuracy of a conventional protocol in terms of upper incisor rotation.Trial registrationThe German Clinical Trials Register (DRK00015613).
Production choices with water markets and risk aversion: the role of initial allocations and forward trading
Authors: Bontems Philippe , Nauges Céline 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We develop a theoretical model that describes risk-averse farmers’ decisions when facing production risk due to uncertain weather conditions and when irrigation water can be traded on a market. We focus on the role of initial water allocations granted to irrigated farms at the start of the season. The presence of water markets makes the future water price uncertain and hence the value of initial water allocations uncertain. We analyse the properties of this background risk and study how initial water allocations impact farmers’ land allocation decisions between an irrigated crop and a non-irrigated crop, both characterised by random expected net returns. We then extend the model by permitting irrigation water to be traded ex-ante at a known price (forward market). Finally, we illustrate our main theoretical findings using simulations. We calibrate distributions of the random variables based on observed data from the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia where a water market has been in place for several decades.
Crime News Effects and Democratic Accountability: Experimental Evidence From Repeated Exposure in a Multiweek Online Panel
Authors: Kalmoe Nathan P , Pingree Raymond J , Watson Brian , Sui Mingxiao , Darr Joshua , Searles Kathleen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Publics hold chief executives uniquely responsible for national well-being, and they learn about national conditions through news. But when news disproportionately covers problems, what happens to democratic accountability? Here, we experimentally test how leader approval changes when crime loses prominence in news for a sustained period. We create an online news environment coding real news in real time, then experimentally filter news for nationally diverse U.S. panelists over 1 week. We find causal evidence that reducing crime news raises presidential approval and depresses problem importance evaluations for crime. No other leaders are credited, and reducing all problems produces no further gains. These effects persist well after exposure but dissipate within a week. We conclude with broad implications for journalism and democratic judgment.
Nonconscious Nudges: Encouraging Sustained Goal Pursuit
Authors: Laran Juliano , Janiszewski Chris , Salerno Anthony 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA person can use a variety of strategies to sustain the pursuit of a conscious goal (e.g., deliberate on the goal, monitor goal progress, increase goal commitment). However, less is known about how to sustain the pursuit of a nonconscious goal, a reality that is reflected in the common finding that nonconscious goal pursuit typically persists for only one choice episode. This research investigates two factors that help sustain the pursuit of a nonconscious goal: increasing the level of goal activation prior to goal pursuit and limiting the extent of goal deactivation after a goal-consistent behavior. When one of these two factors is present, nonconscious goal pursuit is sustained, as evidenced by a longer sequence of goal-consistent choices. Five studies compare and contrast strategies for sustaining conscious and nonconscious goal pursuit and provide insight into how the goal system manages the pursuit of a nonconscious goal. In addition, the findings inform when a consumer is more or less likely to pursue opposing goals across sequential choices (e.g., being virtuous after being indulgent).