bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband Functional Metasurfaces: Achieving Nonlinear Phase Generation toward Achromatic Surface Cloaking and Lensing
Authors: Huang Yijia , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Luo Jun , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGeneralized law of refraction and reflection has enabled a tremendous amount of degrees of freedom for full vectorial electromagnetic manipulation with metasurfaces. However, owing to the fundamental limitations of bandwidth and efficiency, the implementation of such principle is still far from perfect as truly achromatic efficient wavefront manipulation has not been realized. Here, a design principle based on the generalized Gires–Tournois interference model and catenary electromagnetics theory is proposed that can achieve desired broadband dispersion engineering regardless of the incident polarizations. As a proof of concept, a surface cloak is fabricated and demonstrated with a large fractional bandwidth of more than 40%. An achromatic lens antenna is also designed with focal shift deviation ratio less than 2% across X band to Ku band. Both of the devices show great advances versus traditional approaches by at least one order of magnitude. Besides, this conceptually new design is also applicable to other scenarios, such as beam splitters, vortex beam generators, or metasurface holograms. Considering their compact profiles and simple topologies, it is believed that such functional metasurfaces are promising in practical applications such as beam control, camouflage, and space communications.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of trans‐2‐Hexen‐1‐ol using the Aryl Alcohol Oxidase from Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: de Almeida T. P. , van Schie M. M. C. H. , Ma A. , Tieves F. , Younes S. H. H. , Fernández‐Fueyo E. , Arends I. W. C. E. , Riul A. , Hollmann F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe selective oxidation of trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol to the corresponding aldehyde using a recombinant aryl alcohol oxidase from Pleurotus eryngii (PeAAOx) is reported. Especially using the two liquid phase system to overcome solubility and product inhibition issues enabled to achieve more than 2.200.000 catalytic turnovers for the production enzyme as well as molar product concentrations, pointing towards an economic feasible reaction.magnified image
Growing Trans‐Species Islets in Tumor Extract‐Remodeled Testicles
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Rui Xiaying , Qiu Junni , Yan Yiqing , Gan Jingjing , Liu Shang , Wang Lintao , Zhang Junfeng , Wang Chunming , Dong Lei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough pancreatic islet transplantation holds promise for the treatment of type I diabetes, its application has been significantly hampered by transplant rejection. Here, an approach is demonstrated to support trans‐species islet beta cells from a rat to grow and function in the body of a mouse host while overcoming graft rejection. This approach, which builds on remodeling of the mouse testicle by local injection of a tumor homogenate, establishes an immunosuppressive and proregenerative niche in the testicle. This remodeling proves necessary and effective in shaping the testicle into a unique site to accommodate xenograft cells. Rat pancreatic beta cells—from both the insulinoma (cancer cells) and pancreatic islet (normal tissue)—survive, grow, and form a desirable morphology in the remodeled mouse testicle. Notably, when hyperglycemia is induced in the host body, these xenografts secrete insulin to regulate the blood glucose level in mice for as long as 72 days. Furthermore, no graft rejection, acute inflammation, or safety risks are observed throughout the study. In summary, it is demonstrated that the growth of xenogeneic insulinoma cells in a mouse testicle might serve as an alternative approach for islet transplantation.
Breast cancer risk by occupation and industry in women and men: Results from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS)
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , MacLeod Jill S. , Dakouo Mamadou , Qadri Maria , McLeod Chris B. , Peter Alice , Demers Paul A. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe recently established Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) was used to examine breast cancer risk in women and men by occupation and industry.MethodsOntario workers in the ODSS cohort (1983‐2016) were followed up for breast cancer diagnosis through the Ontario Cancer Registry. Cox‐proportional hazard models were used to calculate age‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 17 865 and 492 cases were identified in working women (W) and men (M), respectively. Elevated risks were observed in management (W: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.40‐1.70; M: HR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.44‐5.39), administrative/clerical (W: HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.21; M: HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06‐1.99), and teaching (W: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.44‐1.63; M: HR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.49‐6.03). Other elevated risks were observed in nursing/health, social sciences, and janitor/cleaning services for both genders.ConclusionsCommon occupational associations in both genders warrant investigation into job‐related risk factors, such as sedentary behavior, shift work, ionizing radiation, and chemical exposures.
Atropselektive Dibromierungen eines 1,1′‐disubstituierten 2,2′‐Biindolyls mit divergierender zentral‐zu‐axialer asymmetrischer Induktion. Ableitung von 2,2′‐Biindolyl‐3,3′‐diphosphan‐Liganden für asymmetrische Katalysen
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAuf der Zeitskala von 1H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie sind 2,2′‐Biindolyle mit (R)‐konfigurierten (1‐Alkoxyprop)‐2‐yl‐, (1‐Hydroxyprop)‐2‐yl‐ oder (1‐Siloxyprop)‐2‐yl‐Substituenten an C‐1 und C‐1′ bei <0 °C atropisomerisierungsstabil, aber bei >30 °C ineinander umwandelbar. Das 2,2′‐Biindolyl (R,R)‐17 a dieser Art und achirale (!) Bromierungsmittel ergaben die atropisomerisierungsstabilen 3,3′‐Dibrombiindolyle (M)‐ und/oder (P)‐18 a im günstigsten Fall atropselektiv – wegen zentral‐zu‐axialer asymmetrischer Induktionen – und atropdivergent, indem sie mit bis zu 95 % (M)‐ oder mit ebensoviel (P)‐Atropselektivität verliefen. Ein derartiger Zugang zu atropisomerenreinen Biarylen ist neuartig und sollte auf andere Substrate und/oder andere Funktionalisierungen erweiterbar sein. Die Dibrombiindolyle (M)‐ und (P)‐18 a wurden atropisomerisierungsfrei in die Biindolyldiphosphane (M)‐ und (P)‐14 umgewandelt. Deren Synthesen verliefen mithin ohne irgendeine Racematspaltung; das unterscheidet sie von fast allen bislang bekannten Biaryldiphosphansynthesen. (M)‐ und (P)‐14 bewährten sich als Liganden in katalytisch‐asymmetrischen Allylierungen und Hydrierungen. Bemerkenswerterweise wurde der β‐Ketoester rac‐25 c trans‐selektiv und mit 98 % ee hydriert, was auf einer dynamischen kinetischen Racematspaltung beruht.
Study of the Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on a Silicon Nanowire Anode in Liquid Disiloxane Electrolyte with Nitrile End Groups for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Horowitz Yonatan , Ben‐Barak Ido , Schneier Dan , Goor‐Dar Meital , Kasnatscheew Johannes , Meister Paul , Grünebaum Mariano , Wiemhöfer Hans‐Dieter , Winter Martin , Golodnitsky Diana , Peled Emanuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chemical compatibility of the various compounds and elements used in lithium‐based batteries dictates their safe operation parameters and performance. The lithium salt Li‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) has many advantages over the common LiPF6 salt as it does not react with water impurities to form, for example, hydrofluoric acid. To further accommodate safe‐operation chemistry, we use a non‐volatile disiloxane‐based solvent 1,3‐bis(cyanopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (TmdSx‐CN). This is a liquid disiloxane functionalized with terminal nitrile groups. In this paper, we report on the electrochemical characterization and the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of 1 mol kg−1 LiTFSI dissolved in TmdSx‐CN in silicon‐lithium batteries. Specifically, we study the SEI formation on silicon nanowire anodes and its composition by several ex‐situ surface techniques (XPS, SEM), and in‐situ via polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS). We evaluate the potential application of TmdSx‐CN to silicon‐lithium batteries and conclude that the addition of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) at low concentrations (10 wt %) is essential to the formation of an effective SEI. We anticipate that our study will encourage the investigation, design and use of siloxane‐based solvents as safer alternatives to common solvents used in Li‐ion batteries, and specifically as candidate solvents in Li‐metal and silicon‐anode based batteries.
Ribosomal Peptides and Small Proteins on the Rise
Authors: Scheidler Christopher M. , Kick Leonhard M. , Schneider Sabine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGenetically encoded and ribosomally synthesised peptides and small proteins act as important regulators in fundamental cellular processes, including gene expression, development, signalling and metabolism. Moreover, they also play a crucial role in eukaryotic and prokaryotic defence against microorganisms. Extremely diverse in size and structure, they are often subject to extensive post‐translational modification. Recent technological advances are now allowing the analysis of the whole cellular transcriptome and proteome, revealing the presence of hundreds of long‐overlooked alternative and short open reading frames (short ORFs, or sORFs) in mRNA and supposedly noncoding RNAs. However, in many instances the biological roles of their translational products remain to be elucidated. Here we provide an overview on the intriguing structural and functional diversity of ribosomally synthesised peptides and newly discovered peptides and small proteins.
Tailored Palladate Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids (TAAILs)
Authors: Schroeter Felix , Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a new class of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) containing different palladate counter ions. Solid‐state structures for representative compounds have been obtained. Their properties are presented in comparison to those of newly synthesized and reported palladate ionic liquids with conventional counter ions. It was found that the aryl substitution pattern and the type of anion have a profound influence on the melting point. The speciation of the different anions in solution has been rationalized by DFT calculations.
A Hydride Route to Ternary Alkali Metal Borides: A Case Study of Lithium Nickel Borides
Authors: Gvozdetskyi Volodymyr , Hanrahan Michael P. , Ribeiro Raquel A. , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Zhou Lin , Rossini Aaron J. , Canfield Paul C. , Zaikina Julia V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTernary lithium nickel borides LiNi3B1.8 and Li2.8Ni16B8 have been synthesized by using reactive LiH as a precursor. This synthetic route allows better mixing of the precursor powders, thus facilitating rapid preparation of the alkali‐metal‐containing ternary borides. This method is suitable for “fast screening” of multicomponent systems comprised of elements with drastically different reactivities. The crystal structures of the compounds LiNi3B1.8 and Li2.8Ni16B8 have been re‐investigated by a combination of single‐crystal X‐ray/synchrotron powder diffraction, solid‐state 7Li and 11B NMR spectroscopies, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. This has allowed the determination of fine structural details, including the split position of Ni sites and the ordering of B vacancies. Field‐dependent and temperature‐dependent magnetization measurements are consistent with spin‐glass behavior for both samples.
Evaluation of 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Amide Bioisosteres In Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators VX‐770 and VX‐809
Authors: Doiron Jake E. , Le Christina A. , Ody Britton K. , Brace Jonathon B. , Post Savannah J. , Thacker Nathan L. , Hill Harrison M. , Breton Gary W. , Mulder Matthew J. , Chang Sichen , Bridges Thomas M. , Tang Liping , Wang Wei , Rowe Steven M. , Aller Stephen G. , Turlington Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 1,2,3‐triazole has been successfully utilized as an amide bioisostere in multiple therapeutic contexts. Based on this precedent, triazole analogues derived from VX‐809 and VX‐770, prominent amide‐containing modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), were synthesized and evaluated for CFTR modulation. Triazole 11, derived from VX‐809, displayed markedly reduced efficacy in F508del‐CFTR correction in cellular TECC assays in comparison to VX‐809. Surprisingly, triazole analogues derived from potentiator VX‐770 displayed no potentiation of F508del, G551D, or WT‐CFTR in cellular Ussing chamber assays. However, patch clamp analysis revealed that triazole 60 potentiates WT‐CFTR similarly to VX‐770. The efficacy of 60 in the cell‐free patch clamp experiment suggests that the loss of activity in the cellular assay could be due to the inability of VX‐770 triazole derivatives to reach the CFTR binding site. Moreover, in addition to the negative impact on biological activity, triazoles in both structural classes displayed decreased metabolic stability in human microsomes relative to the analogous amides. In contrast to the many studies that demonstrate the advantages of using the 1,2,3‐triazole, these findings highlight the negative impacts that can arise from replacement of the amide with the triazole and suggest that caution is warranted when considering use of the 1,2,3‐triazole as an amide bioisostere.
Chemoenzymatic Hydrogen Production from Methanol through the Interplay of Metal Complexes and Biocatalysts
Authors: Tavakoli Ghazal , Armstrong Jessica E. , Naapuri Janne M. , Deska Jan , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrobial methylotrophic organisms can serve as great inspiration in the development of biomimetic strategies for the dehydrogenative conversion of C1 molecules under ambient conditions. In this Concept article, a concise personal perspective on the recent advancements in the field of biomimetic catalytic models for methanol and formaldehyde conversion, in the presence and absence of enzymes and co‐factors, towards the formation of hydrogen under ambient conditions is given. In particular, formaldehyde dehydrogenase mimics have been introduced in stand‐alone C1‐interconversion networks. Recently, coupled systems with alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes have been also developed for in situ formation and decomposition of formaldehyde and/or reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/ NAD+). Although C1 molecules are already used in many industries for hydrogen production, these conceptual bioinspired low‐temperature energy conversion processes may lead one day to more efficient energy storage systems enabling renewable and sustainable hydrogen generation for hydrogen fuel cells under ambient conditions using C1 molecules as fuels for mobile and miniaturized energy storage solutions in which harsh conditions like those in industrial plants are not applicable.
Komplementäre Dekarbonisierung der Erzeugung von Elektroenergie und Gewinnung synthetischer Kraftstoffe durch Erneuerbare Energien und fossile Energieträger
Authors: Maaß Hans‐Jürgen , Möckel Hans‐Otto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDas Konzept der komplementären Dekarbonisierung der Energieerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien und fossilen Energieträgern besteht aus deren Systemintegration. Für die Energieerzeugung aus fossilen Energieträgern wird ein Technologieverbund in Form eines CCU‐Kombikraftwerkes vorgeschlagen, das aus einem Steinkohlenkraftwerk mit CO2‐Rückgewinnung aus den Abgasen und einer Erdgaspyrolyse zu Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoff als Basistechnologie besteht. Dieser Technologieverbund wird ergänzt durch eine RWGS‐Reaktion (reverse water‐gas shift) für die Umsetzung des CO2 zu CO, das mit dem Wasserstoff in einer Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese zu synthetischem Diesel umgesetzt wird. Die rückgewonnene Energie aus der exothermen Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese deckt den Energiebedarf der CO2‐Wäsche. Der Kohlenstoff aus der Pyrolyse kann anderen fossilen Kohlenstoff substituieren oder sequestriert werden.
A Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Plazomicin in Healthy Adults to Assess Potential Effects on the QT/QTc Interval, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Gall Jonathan , Choi Taylor , Riddle Valerie , Van Wart Scott , Gibbons Jacqueline A. , Seroogy Julie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlazomicin is an aminoglycoside with in vitro activity against multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae. A phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, crossover study assessed the potential effects of plazomicin on cardiac repolarization (NCT01514929). Fifty‐six healthy adults (24 men, 32 women) received a single therapeutic dose of plazomicin (15 mg/kg administered by 30‐minute intravenous infusion), a single supratherapeutic dose of plazomicin (20 mg/kg administered by 30‐minute intravenous infusion), placebo, or oral moxifloxacin (400 mg). The primary end point was the baseline‐adjusted, placebo‐corrected QTc interval using the Fridericia formula (ΔΔQTcF). Assay sensitivity was concluded if the lower limit of a 1‐sided 95%CI (adjusted for multiplicity using the Hochberg procedure) for moxifloxacin ΔΔQTcF was >5 milliseconds at ≥1 prespecified time points. No QT prolongation effect for plazomicin was concluded if the largest mean effect was <5 milliseconds, and the upper limit of a 2‐sided 90%CI for plazomicin ΔΔQTcF was <10 milliseconds at all time points. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated based on moxifloxacin ΔΔQTcF. No QT prolongation effect for plazomicin was concluded because the largest mean ΔΔQTcF for plazomicin was 3.5 milliseconds, and the highest upper limit was 5.6 milliseconds. No clinically relevant changes were observed in electrocardiograms. For the 15‐ and 20‐mg/kg dose levels of plazomicin, mean peak plasma concentration values were 76.0 and 96.6 mg/L, and mean values of the area under the concentration‐time curve over 24 hours were 263 and 327 mg·h/L, respectively. Model‐derived pharmacokinetic parameters and safety findings were generally consistent with previously reported plazomicin studies. In conclusion, therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of plazomicin had no clinically significant effect on cardiac repolarization and were generally well tolerated.
Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?
Authors: Fowler Natasha , Keel Pamela K. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael , Boker Steven , Sisk Cheryl L. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveElevated ovarian hormone levels are associated with increased risk for binge eating (BE) and emotional eating (EE) during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, past studies have not examined whether pronounced hormonal changes that precede the midluteal phase (i.e., the dramatic decrease in estradiol and increase in progesterone during/after ovulation) also influence midluteal increases in binge‐related symptoms. Past theories and studies of phenotypes strongly related to BE (e.g., depression) suggest that these pronounced hormonal changes may also contribute. This study examined this possibility in 375 female twins (aged 15–25 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry.MethodsDaily ratings of EE (assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and daily saliva samples of estradiol and progesterone were collected for 45 consecutive days.ResultsNo significant associations were found between pronounced changes in estradiol or progesterone across ovulation and changes in EE scores in the midluteal phase. Results remained unchanged after controlling for body mass index and negative affect and examining participants with clinical BE episodes or more extreme hormonal fluctuations.DiscussionIn aggregate, the current findings and past data suggest that hormone levels are more significant predictors of EE than pronounced hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle.
Evaluating the novel added value of neurophysiological pain sensitivity within the fear‐avoidance model of pain
Authors: Uddin Zakir , Woznowski‐Vu Arthur , Flegg Daniel , Aternali Andrea , Wickens Rebekah , Wideman Timothy H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe fear‐avoidance model (FAM) is a leading theoretical paradigm for explaining persistent pain following musculoskeletal injury. The model suggests that as injuries heal, pain‐related outcomes are increasingly determined by psychological, rather than physiological factors. Increasing literature, however, suggests that neurophysiological processes related to pain sensitivity also play an important role in chronicity. To date, there has been limited research that has specifically explored the role of pain sensitivity within the FAM. This study addresses this gap by evaluating whether clinical measures of pain sensitivity help explain FAM‐related outcomes, beyond model‐relevant psychological predictors.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 80 adults with chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain. Participants completed a single testing session that included measures of all of the major constructs of the FAM, including pain catastrophizing, pain‐related fear, activity avoidance (self‐report and functional measures), pain‐related disability, depression and pain severity, as well as a battery of quantitative sensory testing that included measures of pressure pain threshold and temporal summation of mechanical pain across eight body sites.ResultsA series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for the psychological predictors of the FAM, indices of pain sensitivity significantly predicted 4 of the 5 FAM‐related outcomes (p < 0.05). Depression was the only outcome not significantly predicted by pain sensitivity. Interestingly, measures of pain sensitivity, but not FAM psychological factors, predicted the functional measure of activity avoidance.ConclusionsThese findings provide further evidence for the importance of neurophysiological factors within the FAM and have important clinical and theoretical implications.SignificanceThis study provides evidence for the unique and added value of neurophysiological factors within the Fear Avoidance Model of pain and for the importance of integrating both sensory and psychological factors within both theoretical paradigms and clinical management strategies.