bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chinese Herbal Monomer Hairy Calycosin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Rats and its Mechanism
Authors: Liu Xiang , Xie Zhi-Hong , Liu Chen-Yuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Chinese herbal monomer hairy Calycosin is a flavonoid extracted from Radix
astragali.

Aims and Scope:
The aim of the research was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Hairy Calycosin
on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Dieases (NAFLD) in rats.

Materials and Methods:
60 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, then NAFLD rat models were
prepared and treated with different doses of Hairy Calycosin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) or Kathyle relatively.

Results:
Both 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin treatment could significantly increase the serum
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) content of the model rats and reduce the serum levels of alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), IL-6, tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α) and liver homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA), while 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin
can down-regulate liver tissue cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1). In the electron microscope, compared
with the model control group, the mitochondrial swelling in the hepatocytes of Hairy Calycosin (1.0, 2.0
mg/kg) treatment group was significantly reduced, the ridge on the inner membrane of mitochondria
increased, and the lipid droplets became much smaller.

Conclusion:
Hairy Calycosin can effectively control the lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of rats with
NAFLD, and reduce the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and FFA, effectively improve the steatosis
and inflammation of liver tissue, and down-regulate the expression of CYP2E1, inhibit apoptosis of
hepatocytes.
Efficacy and Safety of Robot-assisted Thoracic Surgery (RATS) Compare with Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for Lung Lobectomy in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hu Xun , Wang Ming 
Published: April 2019

Background:In the past decade, many researchers focused on Robotic- Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (RATS), which has been introduced as an alternative minimally invasive approach, versus Video- Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for lung lobectomy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the advantage of RVATS compared to VATS is still under investigation. The results are unclear.Aim:The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of Robot-assisted Thoracic Surgery (RATS) lobectomy versus Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) for lobectomy in patients with Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A systematic electronic search of online electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library updated in June 2017. The meta-analysis was performed including the studies are designed as randomized or non- randomized controlled.Results:Twenty retrospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis of mortality showed that RATS lobectomy significantly reduced the mortality rate when compared with VATS lobectomy (RR =0.53, 95% CI 0.37 – 0.76; P = 0.0005). With the pooled result of duration of surgery indicated that RATS has a tendency towards longer surgery time (SMD= 0.52, 95% CI 0.23– 0.81; P < 0.0004=). However, the meta-analysis on the median length of hospital stay (MD =0.00, 95% CI -0.03 – 0.03; P = 0.91), number of dissected lymph nodes station (SMD =0.39, 95% CI -0.60 – 1.38; P = 0.44), the number of removed lymph nodes (SMD =0.98, 95% CI -0.61 – 2.56; P = 0.23), mean duration of drainage (SMD =0.29, 95% CI -0.15 – 0.73; P = 0.20), prolonged air leak (RR =1.01, 95% CI 0.84 – 1.21; P = 0.93), arrhythmia (RR =1.06, 95% CI 0.88 – 1.26; P = 0.54) (P= 0.54), pneumonia (RR =0.89, 95% CI 0.69 – 1.13; P = 0.33), the incidence of conversion (RR =0.82, 95% CI 0.54 – 1.26; P = 0.37) and morbidity (RR =1.05, 95% CI 0.90 – 1.23; P = 0.055) all showed no significant differences between RATS and VATS lobectomy.Conclusion:RATS result in better mortality as compared with VATS. However, robotics seems to have longer operative time and higher hospital costs, without superior advantages in morbidity rates and oncologic efficiency. Since the advantages of RATS has been performed in some area, the continuation of a comparative investigation with VATS may be necessary. And some efforts need to be taken into consideration to reduce the operative time and cost.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Chiral 3, 5-Diaryl-5, 6-dihydrothiazolo[ 2, 3-c][1, 2, 4]triazoles
Authors: Tiwari Pawankumar R. , John Marina E. , Karnik Anil V. 
Published: April 2019

:
Disclosed herein is a general approach for the synthesis of chiral thiazolo triazoles 5a-e. An
efficient 3-step synthetic strategy has been developed to obtain the fused heterocycles in good yields.
The key step involves formation of a secondary carbocation under acidic condition and intramolecular
attack of the nitrogen of the 1,2,4-triazolo part leads to the formation of fused bicyclic compound in a
regioselective manner. A new chiral center was created during the reaction and Chiral HPLC analyses
confirmed the presence of the same and the racemic nature of the synthesized compounds. Their antimicrobial
activities were evaluated by broth micro-dilution method and expressed as the minimum inhibitory
concentration. The preliminary bioassay results demonstrate that most of the target compounds
exhibit a significantly wide spectrum activity against S. aureus and E. coli comparable to ampicillin.
The efficacies of compounds against C. albicans are either more or similar compared to Griseofulvin.
Clinical and Therapeutic Challenges when Psychiatric Disorders Occur in Neurological Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Callari Antonio , Miniati Mario 
Published: April 2019

Background:Over the course of the 20th century, neurology and psychiatry diverged and became two separate disciplines. Subsequently, the continuous progress of neurosciences confused their boundaries. However, with ‘the splitting’ and ‘the lumping’ approaches, relevant difficulties remain in targeting clinical and therapeutic goals, when psychiatric signs and symptoms co-occur with neurological diseases.Objective:The study summarize current evidence on psychiatric signs and symptoms comorbid with neurological diseases, with the aim to provide information on diagnostic problems and available therapeutic options.Methods:Finding from searches of publications on ‘PsycInfo’, ‘Medline’, and ‘Science Direct’, from January 1993 to December 2018 (25 years) is summarized in a narrative manner on six main neurological areas: congenital neurological illnesses (n=16), dementias (n=15), basal ganglia diseases (n=30), epilepsy (n=22), strokes/focal brain injuries (n=29), and neurological neoplastic/paraneoplastic diseases (n=15).Results:Clinical phenotypes of psychiatric syndromes are frequently described in neurological studies. Little evidence is provided on the most adequate therapeutic approaches.Conclusion:Psychiatric syndromes in comorbidity with neurological diseases are heterogeneous and severe; evidence-based treatments are scarce. Despite a model supporting an equal approach between psychiatric and neurological syndromes, psychiatric syndromes in neurological diseases have been described, to a relevant degree, as less important, leading to a hierarchical primate of the neurological manifestations, and thus, in our opinion, limiting the systematic studies on psychopharmacological treatments in this area.
Ultrasonically Assisted Efficient and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones using Itaconic Acid as a Homogeneous and Reusable Organocatalyst
Authors: Kasar Sandeep B. , Thopate Shankar R. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Multicomponent reactions involve the simultaneous reaction of three or
more components which deliver the product that incorporates the elements of all starting materials. A
combination of multicomponent reaction and green solvents like water and the use of nonconventional
energy sources like microwave or ultrasonication are important features of ideal green synthesis.
Therefore, the design of a new multicomponent reaction and improvement of an already known
multicomponent reaction with a green procedure has attracted the attention of the scientific community.
Isoxazole derivatives are well known for their biological activities such as antifungal, analgesic,
antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimycobacterial.

Objective:
To develop a green methodology for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives.

Results:
Itaconic acid was used as a green catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives
under conventional as well as ultrasound irradiation technique. Ultrasound irradiation condition requires
less time for the completion of the reaction and also the yields were better.

Methods:
We have reported Itaconic acid as a green homogenous organocatalyst under ultrasound
irradiation for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have developed a green methodology for the synthesis of 4Hisoxazol-
5-ones derivatives. Itaconic acid is used as an organocatalyst which is biodegradable and
nonhazardous. Water is used as a green solvent. Ultrasonication is used as a non-conventional green
energy source. Ambient reaction conditions are used to carry out transformation for multicomponent
reaction. Metal-free, mineral acid-free synthesis are key features of the present protocol.
Investigation of CNC Milling Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness
Authors: Alyas Rasha Ramiz 
Published: April 2019

Milling Machining is a widely accepted nontraditional machining technique used to produce parts with complex shapes and configurations. The material is removed in two stages roughing and finishing, the flat end cutter removed the unwanted part of material, then finished by end mill cutter. In milling technique, the role of machining factors such as cutting depth, spindle speed and feed has been studied using Taguchi technique to find its effectiveness on surface roughness. Practical procedure is done by Taguchi Standard matrix. CNC milling is the most conventional process which is used for removing of material from workpiece to perform the needed shapes. The results and relations indicate that the rate of feed is very important factor for modeling surface roughness. The plot of S/N ratio shows that the optimum combination of the milling factors that gives the best value of surface accuracy. The best combination of milling factors has also been predicted to minimize the surface roughness.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Collector Geometry Effect on Solar Chimney Performance
Authors: Shyaa Aseel K. , Albaldawi Rafea A. H. , Abbood Maryam Muayad 
Published: April 2019

There have been many advances in the solar chimney power plant since 1930 and the first pilot work was built in Spain (Manzanares) that produced 50 KW. The solar chimney power plant is considered of a clean power generation that needs to be investigated to enhance the performance by studying the effect of changing the area of passage of air to enhance the velocity towards the chimney to maximize design velocity. In this experimental and numerical study, the reduction area of solar collector was investigated. The reduction area that mean changing the height of glass cover from the absorbing plate (h1=3.8cm, h2=2.6cm and h3=1.28cm). The numerical study was performed using ANSYS Fluent software package (version 14.0) to solve governing equations. The aim of this work was to study the effect of change the height of reduction area to the design velocity (velocity move the blade of turbine at inlet in the chimney). The results showed that the third height (h3=1.28cm) gives the best result because when decreasing the height between the glass cover and absorbing plate, the area between them decreased and the design velocity increased then the efficiency of solar chimney model was increased.
Active Vibration Suppression of Smart Cantilever Beam with Sliding Mode Observer Using Two Piezoelectric Patches
Authors: AL-Samarraie Shibly A. , Hamzah Mohsin N. , Abdulsahib Imad A. 
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a vibration suppression control design of cantilever beam using two piezoelectric ‎patches. One patch was used as ‎an actuator element, while the other was used as a sensor. The controller design was designed via the balance realization reduction method to elect the reduced order model that is most controllable and observable. ‎the sliding mode observer was designed to estimate six states from the reduced order model but three states are only used in the control law. Estimating a number of states larger than that used is in order to increase the estimation accuracy. Moreover, the state ‎estimation error is proved bounded. An ‎optimal LQR controller is designed then using the ‎estimated states with the sliding mode observer, to ‎suppress the vibration of a smart cantilever ‎beam via the piezoelectric elements. The control spillover problem was avoided, by deriving an avoidance ‎condition, to ensure the ‎asymptotic stability for the proposed vibration ‎control design. ‎The numerical simulations were achieved to ‎test the vibration attenuation ability of the ‎proposed optimal control. For 15 mm initial tip ‎displacement, the piezoelectric actuator found ‎able to reduce the tip displacement to about 0.1 ‎mm after 4s, while it was 1.5 mm in the ‎open loop case. The current experimental results showed a good performance of the proposed LQR control law and the sliding mode observer, as well a good agreement with theoretical results.
Removal of Dissolved Trivalent Chromium Ions from Contaminated Wastewater using Locally Available Raw Scrap Iron-Aluminum Waste
Authors: Rashid Hayder M. , Faisal Ayad A. H. 
Published: April 2019

The present study is to investigate the possibility of using wastes in the form of scrap iron (ZVI) and/ or aluminum ZVAI for the detention and immobilization of the chromium ions in simulated wastewater. Different batch equilibrium parameters such as contact time (0-250) min, sorbent dose (2-8 g ZVI/100 mL and 0.2-1 g ZVAI/100 mL), initial pH (3-6), initial pollutant concentration of 50 mg/L, and speed of agitation (0-250) rpm were investigated. Maximum contaminant removal efficiency corresponding to (96 %) at 250 min contact time, 1g ZVAI/ 6g ZVI sorbent mass ratio, pH 5.5, pollutant concentration of 50 mg/L initially, and 250 rpm agitation speed were obtained.
The best isotherm model for the batch single Cr(III) uptake by ZVI and / or ZVAI sorbent was found to follow Langmuir (I) with corresponding R2greater than 0.9115. Kinetics data for the sorption of Cr(III) onto ZVAI/ZVI mixture and due to the good agreement between the fitted and the experimental results; the data was found to obey the pseudo second order model at which the chemisorptions mechanism was the most dominant in the sorption process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the ZVI and ZVAI has revealed highly surface changes and saturation by contaminant and apparent pores blockage that hindered and ceased the sorption process.
On territorial images: Erewhon, or, chiastic desire
Authors: Douglas Andrew 
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the role of territorial images in the experiencing of place. It argues that there is no territory without repetition patterns that inscribe a semiotic generating images, a ‘picturing’ that is, in fact, pivotal to the possessive and demarking dynamic implicit in territorial assemblages. Drawing a link between Hans Blumenberg’s (1985) thinking on “existential anxiety” and its reworking of horizons of unknowing in myth and the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (1987) on repetition patterning and the refrains of territoriality, the paper looks to modes of imagined place-solidarity emerging with the nation-state. Drawing on Andrea Mubi Brighenti’s (2010) call for an expanded territorology—itself drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987 & 1994) notions of territoriality—the paper emphasises the extent to which territory, more typically recognised as a spatial phenomenon, in fact, arises out of temporal and psychical geneses consolidating differences in modes of repetition—in the case of the nation-state, as Benedict Anderson (1991) has proposed, spanning commonly imagined daily routines, memorialising, and refashioned futures. In particular, the paper draws on the role of utopian discourse in the transition to Europe nationalism, and in turn, to the transmittal of utopian aspirations and imaginings to colonial places. Central to the paper is a reading of Samuel Butler’s Erewhon, Or, Over the Range (1872/2013), a utopian satire set in Aotearoa/New Zealand’s Southern Alps, a novel, in fact, influential to a range of writings by Deleuze and Deleuze and Guattari. Developing links between the novel’s philosophical uptake; its deployment of topography and modes of imagining specific to Aotearoa/New Zealand; and Butler’s deployment of a Neoplatonist empiricism more broadly, the paper plays out the significance of what is nominated as chiastic desire (following insights by Ralf Norrman, 1986)—a criss-cross patterning that draws surface configurations (landscape picturing, textual place descriptions, topographical delineation, perceptual routines) into deeper questions of grounding, imagination, and the drawing of place sensibility out of the imperceptible.
Working with Cixous: The cleaner’s grey drawings
Authors: Treadwell Sarah 
Published: April 2019

Following writings by Hélène Cixous, this essay fabricates word-pictures and drawn-paintings to follow unconscious murmurs encountered in acts of house cleaning. This labour, understood as an undertaking that forestalls completion and engages with transformative material conditions, is traced through the stories of those who clean architecture.
Acknowledging the intimacy of a cleaner with the houses she attends, the writing engages with a labour that, while mostly unrecognised, supports architecture and which can be seen as a form of drawing.
In its attention to surface conditions, the material skin that engages with day to day, and life and death, cleaning is never about obliteration. In all its effort and repetitive labour, the act of cleaning permits a sensitivity to the emotional conditions of interiors and the residues of architectural occupancy. The sensitivities of surface are manifest in a series of ink drawings that form a parallel text. The ink drawings borne out of the cleaner’s troubled night time reflections are inscribed and considered as swabs — pathological and affectionate rubbings that seek to retain traces of substance. The drawings and the writing share a tendency to accumulate all the problems and curiosities of ageing matter.
The rua whetu joint: Detail as origin
Authors: Treadwell Jeremy 
Published: April 2019

This paper examines a key structural junction of the 19th century Māori wharenui, or meeting house. The joint is considered as a complex cultural and technical element of the house which contributed to both its structural and social coherence. The functional development of the waha paepae and the rua whetu junctions as compression joints will be examined in relation to their participation in the evolving structural system of the 19th century whare, particularly in respect to their increasing size and subsequent structural loads.
Equally invested in the structural and geometrical implications of this junction is a set of cosmological relationships that were essential for the wider stability of the house. This paper will therefore consider the joint within the complexity of its origins, development and forms.
A new agora: A project(ion) on the sub-centre
Authors: Salisbury Mills Grace , Kebbell Sam 
Published: April 2019

Supervisor: Sam Kebbell
Carried out in the aftermath of the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake, this design-research project probes at architecture’s capacity to affect and embody an emergent polycentric urban condition: one ushered in by the effective elimination of the city’s CBD, overnight. The experimental design-research methodology deploys typology, contextuality, and self-consciously ‘urban’ programming to explore the socio-spatial and tectonic opportunities of polycentrism within the selected Christchurch suburb of Sumner (herein considered an emergent sub-centre). On the one hand, A New Agora is a radical and catalytic urban intervention, addressing the sub-centre as architecture’s project at a moment when Christchurch’s future was veiled in uncertainty. On the other, the project is a consideration and commentary on architecture’s multi-faceted, critical relationship with the city: ultimately arguing that the two must be treated as fundamentally intertwined, not least in the face of vast structural urban transformation.
Binding and arresting: surface and pattern in a contemporary traditional Pacific building
Authors: Engels- Schwarzpaul Tina 
Published: April 2019

In classical Pacific buildings, figures or textures like lalava (lashings) performed iconic and technical functions simultaneously. What happens when the latter are assigned to different methods? The Fale Pasifika at the University of Auckland (opened in 2004) shows that the figures’ binding features outlast their technical necessity. The building attracts a diverse audience — perhaps because in the right constellations it binds together ancestral knowledge and present practices, despite many concessions to alien regulations and rules of production. However, its Pacific atmosphere also attracts non-Pacific people.
What conditions enable arresting patterns on refined surfaces “to symbolise and effect relations of mana” (Tomlinson & Tengan, 2015: 17) and to channel affective force — even beyond the initiated? How can the notion of iconic power (Alexander, Bartmanski & Giesen, 2012) be a valuable strategic resource and an ordering principle by which to juxtapose contradictory perspectives? How does iconic power relate to Indigenous Pacific concepts? Integrating aspects of materiality, performativity, atmospheres and non-human agency in the Fale Pasifika with more traditional, structuralist insights generates crossovers between architecture and anthropology.
In Western culture, patterns are commonly considered as flat as the surface that carries them. Tongan tufuga lalava Filipe Tohi disputes this when he asserts that lalava is “deeper than just the lashing”, more connected to a changing world and cosmos—in—motion than given credit. Patterns extend, indeed, into cosmological, social, technological and subjective realms. In a debate concerning the respective authenticity of flat and carved column surfaces in fale Samoa, a classical perspective would suggest that surface and pattern cannot inhabit the same plane. Yet, some Samoan tufuga fau fale (master builders) used carving to produce strange animations, stirring surfaces and patterns that “generate relationships over time between persons and things” (Gell, 1998: 80). Such relationships between arresting figures, ensnaring ground and viewers are founded on the experience of a “mimetic passing over into the object” (Rampley, 1997: 45). When the appearance of things is seen as part of their materiality, images and things converge and act (Payne, 2014: 317, 310), dissolving the boundaries of a subject and her world. Patterns, then, can arrest and entrap a viewer (Gell, 1998: 82).