bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics using multi‐spin echo acquisition cine imaging (MUSACI)
Authors: Wada Tatsuhiro , Tokunaga Chiaki , Togao Osamu , Funatsu Ryohei , Yamashita Yasuo , Kobayashi Kouji , Yoneyama Masami , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the visualization of CSF dynamics using the novel method multi‐spin echo acquisition cine imaging (MUSACI).MethodsMUSACI is based on multi‐echo volume isotropic turbo spin‐echo acquisition (VISTA) with pulse gating. MUSACI images were acquired in 11 healthy volunteers (7 men, 4 women; age range, 24–46 y, mean age, 31.9 ± 5.51 y). We compared the CSF signal intensities (SIs) at multiple values of the effective echo time (TEeff) at the lateral ventricle, the foramen of Monro, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. We compared the CSF SI changes in MUSACI at multiple TEeff and the mean velocities in phase contrast (PC) at each trigger delay at the foramen of Monro, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.ResultsThe anterograde CSF motion from the aqueduct to the fourth ventricle, the retrograde motion from the aqueduct to the third ventricle, and the retrograde motion from the foramen of Monro to the lateral ventricle were observed with MUSACI. The CSF SIs at each TEeff in the foramen of Monro, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle were significantly lower than that at each TEeff in the lateral ventricle (P < 0.05). The CSF SI in MUSACI changed with the TEeff, and the CSF movements were observed at each trigger delay in PC.ConclusionMUSACI can provide both high‐resolution anatomical detail of the CSF passageways and physiologic information regarding CSF dynamics in a single scan.
Brain active transmembrane water cycling measured by MR is associated with neuronal activity
Authors: Bai Ruiliang , Springer Charles S. , Plenz Dietmar , Basser Peter J. 
Published: September 2018

PurposefMRI is widely used to study brain activity. Unfortunately, conventional fMRI methods assess neuronal activity only indirectly, through hemodynamic coupling. Here, we show that active, steady‐state transmembrane water cycling (AWC) could serve as a basis for a potential fMRI mechanism for direct neuronal activity detection.MethodsAWC and neuronal actitivity in rat organotypic cortical cultures were simultaneously measured with a hybrid MR‐fluorescence system. Perfusion with a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent, Gadoteridol, allows NMR determination of the kinetics of transcytolemmal water exchange. Changes in intracellular calcium concentration, [Cai2+] were used as a proxy of neuronal activity and were monitored by fluorescence imaging.ResultsWhen we alter neuronal activity by titrating with extracellular [K+] near the normal value, we see an AWC response resembling Na+‐K+‐ATPase (NKA) Michaelis‐Menten behavior. When we treat with the voltage‐gated sodium channel inhibitor, or with an excitatory postsynaptic inhibitor cocktail, we see AWC decrease by up to 71%. AWC was found also to be positively correlated with the basal level of spontaneous activity, which varies in different cultures.ConclusionsThese results suggest that AWC is associated with neuronal activity and NKA activity is a major contributor in coupling AWC to neuronal activity. Although AWC comprises steady‐state, homeostatic transmembrane water exchange, our analysis also yields a simultaneous measure of the average cell volume, which reports any slower net transmembrane water transport.
Real‐time cardiovascular MR with spatio‐temporal artifact suppression using deep learning–proof of concept in congenital heart disease
Authors: Hauptmann Andreas , Arridge Simon , Lucka Felix , Muthurangu Vivek , Steeden Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeReal‐time assessment of ventricular volumes requires high acceleration factors. Residual convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown potential for removing artifacts caused by data undersampling. In this study, we investigated the ability of CNNs to reconstruct highly accelerated radial real‐time data in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsA 3D (2D plus time) CNN architecture was developed and trained using synthetic training data created from previously acquired breath hold cine images from 250 CHD patients. The trained CNN was then used to reconstruct actual real‐time, tiny golden angle (tGA) radial SSFP data (13 × undersampled) acquired in 10 new patients with CHD. The same real‐time data was also reconstructed with compressed sensing (CS) to compare image quality and reconstruction time. Ventricular volume measurements made using both the CNN and CS reconstructed images were compared to reference standard breath hold data.ResultsIt was feasible to train a CNN to remove artifact from highly undersampled radial real‐time data. The overall reconstruction time with the CNN (including creation of aliased images) was shown to be >5 × faster than the CS reconstruction. In addition, the image quality and accuracy of biventricular volumes measured from the CNN reconstructed images were superior to the CS reconstructions.ConclusionThis article has demonstrated the potential for the use of a CNN for reconstruction of real‐time radial data within the clinical setting. Clinical measures of ventricular volumes using real‐time data with CNN reconstruction are not statistically significantly different from gold‐standard, cardiac‐gated, breath‐hold techniques.
Body composition and body mass index in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Role of dietary intake
Authors: Bernabe‐García Mariela , Rodríguez‐Cruz Maricela , Atilano Salvador , Cruz‐Guzmán Oriana del Rocío , Almeida‐Becerril Tomás , Calder Philip C. , González Julia 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) muscle is replaced by adipose tissue. The role of dietary intake (DI) in DMD has not been evaluated. In this study we examined body composition, body mass index (BMI), and adequacy of DI in patients with DMD and evaluated the influence of DI on body composition. Methods: Patients (n = 101; age 3–18 years; BMI 11.8–29.5 kg/m2) completed a dietary recall to determine DI and then underwent dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry to determine body composition. Results: Preschool‐age and school‐age boys with DMD had high total energy intake. Protein intake per kilogram exceeded recommendations. As age increased, the percentage of boys with abnormal BMI and fat mass increased, while lean mass decreased. Dietary intake did not predict body fat or lean mass. Discussion: Age‐dependent changes in BD in boys with DMD may be due to endogenous metabolic factors related to the underlying disease process and to disease‐related mobility impairments. Muscle Nerve 59:295–302, 2019
Inflammatory myopathies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: New‐Tolley Julia , Smith Caroline , Koszyca Barbara , Otto Sophia , Maundrell Adam , Bardy Peter , Hiwase Devendra , Yong Agnes S. M. , Lewis Ian , Limaye Vidya 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction,: Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a recognized complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) and may affect muscle. We investigated the incidence and subtypes of inflammatory myopathy (IM) in South Australian recipients of allo‐SCT. Methods: Recipients of allo‐SCT from 2004 to 2014 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital were identified. Records were reviewed to identify patients with weakness, creatine kinase (CK) elevation, and muscle biopsy confirming IM. Results: Weakness was present in 32 of 224 patients who received allo‐SCT patients reviewed, and CK was raised in 7 of 20 patients with weakness. Six patients developed biopsy‐confirmed IM; 3 patients had chronic GVHD‐related myopathy, 2 had necrotizing myopathy, and 1 had dermatomyositis (DM) associated with anti–melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibodies. The incidence of IM was calculated to be 2 cases per thousand annually. Discussion: Among recipients of allo‐SCT, weakness is common, and the incidence of IM is increased. Histopathological diagnoses are varied, and we report findings of necrotizing myopathy and anti‐MDA5‐associated DM. Muscle Nerve 58:790–795, 2018
Activation of the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway is Critical for Photomixotrophic Growth of a hik33‐Deletion Mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Ge Haitao , Fang Longfa , Huang Xiahe , Wang Jinlong , Chen Weiyang , Zhang Yuanya , Wang Xiaorong , Sui Na , Xu Wu , He Qingfang , Wang Yingchun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe histidine kinase Hik33 plays a central role in acclimation to changing environments in cyanobacteria. Deletion of hik33 induces a strong stress‐like response in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) as represented by repressed photoautotrophic growth and photosynthesis, and differential expression of stress‐responsive proteins. In contrast, the photomixotrophic growth of the hik33‐deletion mutant (Δhik33) with glucose as the exogenous carbon source is only marginally repressed. To investigate how glucose rescues the growth of Δhik33, the proteomes of the photomixotrophically growing wild‐type (WT) and the mutant strains of Synechocystis are quantitatively analyzed. It is found that glucose induces upregulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway. Depletion of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which catalyzes the first and the rate‐limiting step of the OPP pathway, significantly inhibits the photomixotrophic growth of Δhik33 but not of the WT. The result suggests that the OPP pathway, which is usually nonfunctional in the photomixotrophically growing WT, plays a major role in the photomixotrophic growth of Δhik33.
miR‐21‐5p, miR‐141‐3p, and miR‐205‐5p levels in urine—promising biomarkers for the identification of prostate and bladder cancer
Authors: Ghorbanmehr Nassim , Gharbi Sedigheh , Korsching Eberhard , Tavallaei Mahmood , Einollahi Behzad , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEarly detection of cancers improves patients’ survival and decreases the treatment cost. Unfortunately, the current methods for diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancers, two most common urothelial malignancies, suffer from a low sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs, as a group of endogenously produced non‐coding RNAs, regulate gene expression and their expression is observed to be altered in many cancers and cancer progression phenomena. The remarkable stability of microRNAs in biofluids and their unique expression pattern in different pathological conditions make them an appealing, noninvasive diagnostic method in cancer diagnosis. Our objective is to identify microRNAs as biomarkers in urine samples of bladder and prostate cancers to improve the existing diagnostic methods in this field.Materials and MethodsIn this study, urine samples from 110 men with either bladder (n = 45) or prostate (n = 23) cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 20) were collected. qPCR was used to evaluate the expression level of miR‐21‐5p, miR‐141‐3p, and miR‐205‐5p in these samples. The sensitivity and specificity of these microRNAs were determined using ROC curve analysis.ResultsThe analysis of the data revealed that miR‐21‐5p, miR‐141‐3p, and miR‐205‐5p are differentially expressed in urine of bladder and prostate cancer patients. All these three microRNAs were upregulated in these samples and they were also able to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from malignant cases. The statistical analyses revealed a good specificity for each individual microRNA.ConclusionThe results show that these three urine‐based microRNAs might be a good choice to implement a specific and non‐invasive diagnostic tool for bladder and prostate cancer. The expression pattern of all three microRNAs was particularly useful to distinguish benign and invasive tumors in prostate cases. From the patients’ perspective the improvement of the diagnostic situation is awaited eagerly.
Back Cover: Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 10
Authors: Pettinga Dean J , Ou Junjun , Patterson Eric L , Jugulam Mithila , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A 
Published: September 2018

The back cover image Kochia scoparia, by Dean J Pettinga et al., is based on the Research Article Increased chalcone synthase (CHS) expression is associated with dicamba resistance in Kochia scoparia, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4778
image
A two‐wave panel study on teachers' emotions and emotional‐labour strategies
Authors: Burić Irena , Slišković Ana , Penezić Zvjezdan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the reciprocal relations between discrete emotions that teachers typically experience while teaching and interacting with students (i.e., joy, love, anger, and hopelessness) and emotional labour strategies (i.e., deep acting and two forms of surface acting—hiding feelings and faking emotions) over time. To address these research aims, two‐wave panel design and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling were implemented. An initial sample of 2,022 teachers filled in questionnaires with a time lag of 6 months. The results showed that teachers' emotions and emotional labour are related to each other over time. Love positively predicted deep acting and anger positively predicted hiding feelings and faking emotion over time. The opposite direction of association was also established—deep acting positively predicted joy, whereas hiding feelings positively predicted hopelessness. The results highlight the importance of taking a discrete approach to emotions and triadic approach to emotional labour when examining their reciprocal relations and may have important practical implications in promoting teachers' emotional well‐being.
Unveiling the transcriptional control of pleiotropic drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Contributions of André Goffeau and his group
Authors: Balzi Elisabetta , Moye‐Rowley W. Scott 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided much of the basic detail underlying the organization and regulation of multiple or pleiotropic drug resistance gene network in eukaryotic microbes. As with many aspects of yeast biology, the initial observations that drove the eventual molecular characterization of multidrug resistance gene were provided by genetics. This review focuses on contributions from the laboratory of Dr. André Goffeau that uncovered key aspects of the transcriptional regulation of these multidrug resistance genes. André's group made many seminal discoveries that helped lead to the current picture we have of how eukaryotic microbes respond to and deal with a variety of antifungal agents. The importance of the transcriptional contribution to antifungal drugs is illustrated by the large number of drug resistant mutants found in several yeast species that lead to increased activity of transcriptional regulators. The characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDR1 gene by the Goffeau group provided the first molecular basis explaining the link between this hyperactive transcription factor and drug resistance.
Monovalent cation transporters at the plasma membrane in yeasts
Authors: Ariño Joaquín , Ramos José , Sychrova Hana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaintenance of proper intracellular concentrations of monovalent cations, mainly sodium and potassium, is a requirement for survival of any cell. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, monovalent cation homeostasis is determined by the active extrusion of protons through the Pma1 H+‐ATPase (reviewed in another chapter of this issue), the influx and efflux of these cations through the plasma membrane transporters (reviewed in this chapter), and the sequestration of toxic cations into the vacuoles. Here, we will describe the structure, function, and regulation of the plasma membrane transporters Trk1, Trk2, Tok1, Nha1, and Ena1, which play a key role in maintaining physiological intracellular concentrations of Na+, K+, and H+, both under normal growth conditions and in response to stress.
All about CDR transporters: Past, present, and future
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Balzi Elisabetta , Banerjee Atanu , Khandelwal Nitesh Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrug resistance mechanisms in human pathogenic Candida species are continually evolving. Over the time, Candida species have acquired diverse strategies to vanquish the effects of various classes of drugs thereby, emanating as a serious life threat. Apart from the repertoire of well‐established strategies, which predominantly comprise alteration, overexpression of drug targets, and chromosome duplication, Candida species have evolved a number of permeability constraints for antifungal drugs, via compromised drug import or increased drug efflux. For the latter, genome of Candida species harbour battery of exporters designated as Candida drug resistance genes. These genes predominantly encode membrane efflux transporters, which expel the incoming drugs and thus prevent toxic intracellular accumulation of drugs to manifest multidrug resistance. Such a phenomenon is restricted not only to Candida species but has been observed among many other pathogenic fungal species as well. Notably, the existence of large number of drug exporters in genomes of Candida species posits other pivotal roles for these efflux transporter proteins. The brief review discusses as to how the whole gamut of antifungal research has since been changed to include these new observations wherein reduced permeability of azoles across cell membrane of Candida cells is being implicated as one of the major determinants of antifungal susceptibilities, which all began with the identification of the first multidrug resistance gene CDR1, in Andre Goffeau's laboratory back in 1995.
Bottom-quark effects in Higgs production at intermediate transverse momentum
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Lindert Jonas M. , Melnikov Kirill , Monni Pier Francesco , Tancredi Lorenzo , Wever Christopher 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

We provide a precise description of the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution including top and bottom quark contributions, that is valid for transverse momenta in the range m

b
≲ p
⊥ ≲ m

t
, where m

b
and m

t
are the bottom and top quark masses. This description is based on a combination of fixed next-to-leading order (NLO) results with next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) transverse momentum resummation. We show that ambiguities in the resummation procedure for the b-quark loops are of the same order as the related fixed-order uncertainties. We conclude that the current uncertainty in the top-bottom interference contribution to the Higgs transverse momentum spectrum is

$$ \mathcal{O}\left(20\%\right) $$

O

20
%

.
Is there a Relation Between Ecological Practices and Spirituality? The Case of Benedictine Monasteries
Authors: Freyer Bernhard , Aversano-Dearborn Valentina , Winkler Georg , Leipold Sina , Haidl Harald , Brand Karl Werner , Rosenberger Michael , Wallnig Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor decades there has been a controversial debate over how far religious faith communities are specifically engaged in ecological practices (EP). Therefore we studied four Austrian and two German Benedictine monasteries religious ethics and spirituality as a means of a driving force for initiating EP. We draw upon theories of organizational learning processes and capacity-building of sustainability to interpret our empirical findings. The majority of monasteries are highly engaged in EP, initiated either as an outcome of individual activities or through a specific mostly informally acting group, but rarely an organizationally or systematically integrated goal of the monasteries, or a focus of capacity building. Monasteries follow a technical and economic decision-making process in implementing EP. Spirituality plays a limited role in the initiation of EP. The environment of monasteries–acceptance or critique against ecological practices–influences the monasteries decisions. Institutionalization of ecological practices into the monasteries organizational structure is rare.
The Enduring Effects of Early-Learned Ideas and Local Folklore on Children’s Astronomy Knowledge
Authors: Blown Eric J. , Bryce Tom G. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe research described here examined the sources of knowledge of astronomy of children (age 3–18) in China and New Zealand, together with the development of their awareness of competing sources, ranging from everyday language, childhood literature and folklore to the scientific accounts prevalent in schools. The authors cite examples of thebootstrappingencountered during these years, where children’s expanding knowledge and how they process questions intended to probe their understandings—their metacognitive strategies—are mutually beneficial. The semi-structured interviews utilising three modalities (verbal language, drawing and play-dough modelling) carried out with pupils (n = 358), and questionnaires administered to their parents (n = 80), teachers (n = 65) and local librarians (n = 5), focused on young people’s understanding of daytime and night-time and the roles played by the Sun and Moon in creating familiar events. The findings underscore the arguments put forward by the authors in a recent article in this journal concerning theco-existenceof everyday and scientific concepts. The influence of early-learned ideas deriving from pre-school experiences, recalled by children and largely corroborated by family members, was found to be extensive. Evidence of themigration of folklorein one of the two settings investigated (on the North East China Plain) and therefore its continuing influence on children’s comprehension is provided. With respect to teaching, the authors argue the benefits to be had in making more explicit with young students the differences between early-learned (everyday-cultural) ideas—particularly local community knowledge and folklore—and the scientific content found in the school curriculum.
Use of CES-D among 56–66 year old people of Dutch, Moroccan and Turkish origin: Measurement invariance and mean differences between the groups
Authors: Klokgieters Silvia , Mokkink Lidwine , Galenkamp Henrike , Beekman Aartjan , Comijs Hannie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhen assessing depressive symptoms across ethnic populations it is important to ensure that items from a questionnaire are valued and interpreted similarly across groups. We aimed to examine measurement (in)variance of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among people of Dutch, Moroccan and Turkish origin in the Netherlands and to compare the level of depressive symptoms across these three groups. Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, including 269 people from Turkish, 209 from Moroccan and 618 from Dutch origin (aged 55–65 years). A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was performed to test measurement invariance of the four-factor CES-D across the three cohorts. To compare scores across ethnic groups, we performed ANCOVA. The four subscales of the CES-D (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal problems) appeared measurement invariant in people of Dutch, Moroccan and Turkish origin. Turkish and Moroccan participants reported more depressive symptoms on all four domains. The four subscales of the CES-D measure the same constructs in people of Dutch, Moroccan and Turkish origin. Higher levels of depressive symptoms in the migrants groups are therefore not due to measurement invariance, but point to increased mental health problems in these groups.