bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance mechanisms and population structure of highly drug resistant Klebsiella in Pakistan during the introduction of the carbapenemase NDM-1
Authors: Heinz Eva , Ejaz Hasan , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Wang Nancy , Gujaran Shruti , Pickard Derek , Wilksch Jonathan , Cao Hanwei , Haq Ikram-ul , Dougan Gordon , Strugnell Richard A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniaeis a major threat to public health with the emergence of isolates resistant to most, if not all, useful antibiotics. We present an in-depth analysis of 178 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingK. pneumoniaecollected from patients resident in a region of Pakistan, during the period 2010–2012, when the now globally-distributed carbapenemasebla-NDM-1 was being acquired byKlebsiella. We observed two dominant lineages, but neither the overall resistance profile nor virulence-associated factors, explain their evolutionary success. Phenotypic analysis of resistance shows few differences between the acquisition of resistance genes and the phenotypic resistance profile, including beta-lactam antibiotics that were used to treat ESBL-positive strains. Resistance against these drugs could be explained by inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase enzymes, carbapenemases orampCtype beta-lactamases, at least one of which was detected in most, but not all relevant strains analysed. Complete genomes for six selected strains are reported, these provide detailed insights into the mobile elements present in these isolates during the initial spread of NDM-1. The unexplained success of some lineages within this pool of highly resistant strains, and the discontinuity between phenotypic resistance and genotype at the macro level, indicate that intrinsic mechanisms contribute to competitive advantage and/or resistance.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Pinto Lana C. , Falcetta Mariana R. , Rados Dimitris V. , Leitão Cristiane B. , Gross Jorge L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe aimed to assess if GLP-1 agonists are associated with pancreatic cancer. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials with GLP-1 agonists as an intervention was performed. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess if the available information is sufficient to reject this association. Twelve trials met the study criteria, with a total of 36, 397 patients. GLP-1 analogues did not increase the risk for pancreatic cancer when compared to other treatments (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.67; I2 14%). TSA confirmed that enough patients were randomized and again no association of the medications and pancreatic cancer was observed considering a NNH of 1000 and the short mean follow-up of the included trials (1.7 years). Larger studies with longer duration would be required to exclude a greater NNH and to aside concerns regarding possible influence of study duration and the outcome.
Inotilone from Inonotus linteus suppresses lung cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo through ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Chao Wei , Deng Jeng-Shyan , Li Pei-Ying , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Huang Guan-Jhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetastasis is one of the main causes of mortality in cancer patients. Inotilone, a major component of Inonotus linteus, is a traditional Chinese medical herb. In this study, MTT results showed that inotilone had no obvious cytotoxicity. Animal model results revealed that inotilone suppressed cancer metastatic efficacy. Serum results showed that inotilone reduced the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activity as well as NO content. Additionally, inotilone affected MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 protein expression and improved the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the lung tissues of LLC-bearing mice. In addition, cell experimental results showed that inotilone reduced the activity of MMP-2/-9 and inhibited the ability for cellular migration and invasion. Inotilone decreased interleukin (IL)-8 expression in A549 cells. Western blot results revealed that inotilone affected the protein expression of MMPs, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, anti-oxidant enzymes, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT, and nuclear factor (NF)κB. Therefore, we propose that inotilone is a potential therapeutic candidate against metastatic lung cancer cells.
Time dynamics of quantum coherence and monogamy in a non-Markovian environment
Authors: Radhakrishnan Chandrashekar , Chen Po-Wen , Jambulingam Segar , Byrnes Tim , Ali Md. Manirul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe time evolution of the distribution and shareability of quantum coherence of a tripartite system in a non-Markovian environment is examined. The total coherence can be decomposed into various contributions, ranging from local, global bipartite and global tripartite, which characterize the type of state. We identify coherence revivals for non-Markovian systems for all the contributions of coherence. The local coherence is found to be much more robust under the environmental coupling due to an effective smaller coupling to the reservoir. This allows us to devise a characterization of a quantum state in terms of a coherence tuple on a multipartite state simply by examining various combinations of reservoir couplings. The effect of the environment on the shareability of quantum coherence, as defined using the monogamy of coherence, is investigated and found that the sign of the monogamy is a preserved quantity under the decoherence. We conjecture that the monogamy of coherence is a conserved property under local incoherent processes.
Predictive Modeling of the Hospital Readmission Risk from Patients’ Claims Data Using Machine Learning: A Case Study on COPD
Authors: Min Xu , Yu Bin , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic pulmonary condition that affects hundreds of millions of people all over the world. Many COPD patients got readmitted to hospital within 30 days after discharge due to various reasons. Such readmission can usually be avoided if additional attention is paid to patients with high readmission risk and appropriate actions are taken. This makes early prediction of the hospital readmission risk an important problem. The goal of this paper is to conduct a systematic study on developing different types of machine learning models, including both deep and non-deep ones, for predicting the readmission risk of COPD patients. We evaluate those different approaches on a real world database containing the medical claims of 111,992 patients from the Geisinger Health System from January 2004 to September 2015. The patient features we build the machine learning models upon include both knowledge-driven ones, which are the features extracted according to clinical knowledge potentially related to COPD readmission, and data-driven features, which are extracted from the patient data themselves. Our analysis showed that the prediction performance in terms of Area Under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) can be improved from around 0.60 using knowledge-driven features, to 0.653 by combining both knowledge-driven and data-driven features, based on the one-year claims history before discharge. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the complex deep learning models in this case cannot really improve the prediction performance, with the best AUC around 0.65.
The germ cell marker dead end reveals alternatively spliced transcripts with dissimilar expression
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana Carina Nogueira , Streit Danilo Pedro , Octavera Anna , Miwa Misako , Kabeya Naoki , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the late 19th century, the Amazon species Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) has been exploited commercially and the climate change has contributed to decline in tambaqui numbers. Although germ cell cryopreservation and transplantation can help preserve the species’ genetic resources semipermanently, its germ cell behavior has not been analyzed to date. In this study, we isolated the tambaqui’s dead end gene (dnd) homolog (tdnd) and used it as a molecular marker for germ cells to obtain basic information essential for transplantation. The amino acid sequence showed 98% similarity and 53% identity with the zebrafish dnd. Phylogenetic analysis and the presence of consensus motifs known for dnd revealed that tdnd encodes the dnd ortholog and its transcript is detectable only in the testes and ovaries, showing a strong positive signal in oocytes and spermatogonia. The tambaqui possesses, at least, three different transcripts of tdnd which show dissimilar expression profile in undifferentiated and sexually mature animals, suggesting that they play distinct roles in germline development and they may influence the choice of donors for the cell transplantation study.
A softening laminar electrode for recording single unit activity from the rat hippocampus
Authors: Zátonyi A. , Orbán G. , Modi R. , Márton G. , Meszéna D. , Ulbert I. , Pongrácz A. , Ecker M. , Voit W. E. , Joshi-Imre A. , Fekete Z. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoftening neural implants that change their elastic modulus under physiological conditions are promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammatory response due to the reduced mechanical mismatch between the artificial interface and the brain tissue. Intracortical neural probes have been used to demonstrate the viability of this material engineering approach. In our paper, we present a robust technology of softening neural microelectrode and demonstrate its recording performance in the hippocampus of rat subjects. The 5 mm long, single shank, multi-channel probes are composed of a custom thiol-ene/acrylate thermoset polymer substrate, and were micromachined by standard MEMS processes. A special packaging technique is also developed, which guarantees the stable functionality and longevity of the device, which were tested under in vitro conditions prior to animal studies. The 60 micron thick device was successfully implanted to 4.5 mm deep in the hippocampus without the aid of any insertion shuttle. Spike amplitudes of 84 µV peak-to-peak and signal-to-noise ratio of 6.24 were achieved in acute experiments. Our study demonstrates that softening neural probes may be used to investigate deep layers of the rat brain.
MG53 promotes corneal wound healing and mitigates fibrotic remodeling in rodents
Authors: Chandler Heather L. , Tan Tao , Yang Chunlin , Gemensky-Metzler Anne J. , Wehrman Rita F. , Jiang Qiwei , Peterson Cornelia M. W. , Geng Bingchuan , Zhou Xinyu , Wang Qiang , Kaili Denis , Adesanya T. M. Ayodele , Yi Frank , Zhu Hua , Ma Jianjie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe cornea plays an important role in transmitting light and providing protection to the eye, but is susceptible to injury and infection. Standard treatments for corneal wounds include topical lubricants, antibiotics, bandage contact lens, and surgery. However, these measures are often ineffective. Here we show that MG53, a protein with an essential role in cell membrane repair, contributes to the corneal injury-repair process. Native MG53 is present in the corneal epithelia, tear film, and aqueous humor, suggesting its potential function in corneal homeostasis. Knockout of MG53 in mice causes impaired healing and regenerative capacity following injury. Exogenous recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein protects the corneal epithelia against mechanical injury and enhances healing by promoting migration of corneal fibroblasts. Using in vivo alkaline-induced injury to the rat cornea, we show that rhMG53 promotes re-epithelialization and reduces post-injury fibrosis and vascularization. Finally, we show that rhMG53 modulates TGF-β-mediated fibrotic remodeling associated with corneal injury. Overall, our data support the bi-functional role of MG53 in facilitating corneal healing and maintaining corneal transparency by reducing fibrosis and vascularization associated with corneal injuries.
Photo-triggered phase transition of a crystal
Authors: Taniguchi Takuya , Sato Hiroyasu , Hagiwara Yuki , Asahi Toru , Koshima Hideko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStructural phase transitions induced by external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, electromagnetic fields, and light play crucial roles in controlling the functions of solid-state materials. Here we report a new phase transition, referred to as the photo-triggered phase transition, of a photochromic chiral salicylideneamine crystal. The crystal, which exhibits a thermal single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition which is reversible upon heating and cooling, transforms to the identical phase upon light irradiation at temperatures lower than the thermal transition temperature. The photo-triggered phase transition originates from the strain of trans-keto molecules produced by enol–keto photoisomerization owing to the small energy barrier associated with changes in the crystal structure. The photo-triggered phase is metastable and returns to the initial stable phase via back isomerization from the trans-keto to enol form.
Culture in 10% O2 enhances the production of active hormones in neuro-endocrine cells by up-regulating the expression of processing enzymes
Authors: Sato Eri , Maeda Yoshinori , Sato Yui , Hinata Airi , Gomi Hiroshi , Koga Daisuke , Torii Seiji , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Hosaka Masahiro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To closely mimic physiological conditions, low oxygen cultures have been employed in stem cell and cancer research. Although in vivo oxygen concentrations in tissues are often much lower than ambient 21% O2 (ranging from 3.6 to 12.8% O2), most cell cultures are maintained at 21% O2. To clarify the effects of the O2 culture concentration on the regulated secretion of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cells, we examined the changes in the storage and release of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cell lines and endocrine tissues cultured in a relatively lower O2 concentration. In both AtT-20 cells derived from the mouse anterior pituitary and freshly prepared mouse pituitaries cultured in 10% O2 for 24 h, the storage and regulated secretion of the mature peptide hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly increased compared with those in cells and pituitaries cultured in ambient 21% O2, whereas its precursor proopiomelanocortin was not increased in the cells and tissues after being cultured in 10% O2. Simultaneously, the prohormone-processing enzymes PC1/3 and carboxypeptidase E were up-regulated in cells cultured in 10% O2, thus facilitating the conversion of prohormones to their active form. Similarly, culturing the mouse β-cell line MIN6 and islet tissue in 10% O2 also significantly increased the conversion of proinsulin into mature insulin, which was secreted in a regulated manner. These results suggest that culture under 10% O2 is more optimal for endocrine tissues/cells to efficiently generate and secrete active peptide hormones than ambient 21% O2.
Thymosin β 10 is overexpressed and associated with unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Chunrong , Su Zhong , Guo Jing 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Thymosin β 10 (TMSB10) has been demonstrated to be overexpressed and function as an oncogene in most types of human cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our study, we present more evidence about the clinical significance and biological function of TMSB10 in HCC. First, we observed levels of TMSB10 expression were obviously increased in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Furthermore, we confirmed that TMSB10 mRNA and protein levels were also increased in HCC tissue samples compared with normal adjacent normal liver tissue samples. In addition, we found high TMSB10 expression was remarkably associated with the advanced tumor stage, large tumor size, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis, and acted as an independent factor for predicting poor overall survival in HCC patients. Loss-of-function studies suggested silencing of TMSB10 expression dramatically reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. In conclusion, TMSB10 may hold promise as a tumor biomarker for predicting prognosis and a potential target for developing a novel therapeutic strategy.
Deficits in the Use of Verb Bias Information in Real-Time Processing by College Students With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Hall Jessica E. , Owen Van Horne Amanda , McGregor Karla K. , Farmer Thomas A. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study examined whether college students with developmental language disorder (DLD) showed similar sensitivity to verb bias information during real-time sentence processing as typically developing (TD) peers.

Method
Seventeen college students with DLD and 16 TD college students participated in a mouse-tracking experiment that utilized the visual world paradigm to examine real-time sentence processing. In experimental trials, participants chose 1 of 2 pictured interpretations of a sentence. Measures of interest were the choice of interpretation and the amount of competition from the unchosen picture as measured by mouse curvature.

Results
Choice of interpretation and mouse movements by college students with DLD suggested less sensitivity to verb bias information than their TD peers.

Conclusion
College students with DLD showed less evidence of sensitivity to verb bias information than their TD peers in this task. Their performance may reflect the use of compensatory processing strategies and may be related to poor comprehension abilities often observed in this population.
Enhanced high‐gain SLC‐ZSI at low‐duty region
Authors: Bussa Vinod Kumar , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Mahanty Ranjit 
Published: February 2019

An enhanced high‐gain switched inductor capacitor (LC) Z‐source inverter (eSLC‐ZSI) is proposed in this study. It has a lesser number of elements to achieve high‐gain inversion at low‐duty region as compared with the conventional non‐isolated high‐gain ZSIs. It gives continuous input current at reduced high‐frequency ripple, which is essential for the sources such as solar photovoltaic cells, fuel cells and batteries to enhance their lifetime. Owing to its operation at low‐duty region (i.e. increased modulation index), it gives high‐gain inversion at low harmonic distortion. A detailed mathematical modelling of the proposed enhanced SLC‐ZSI is carried out using the developed switching logic. In addition, a comparative analysis is given among the reported ZSIs and the proposed ZSI in terms of number of elements, boosting capability, voltage gain, the volume of the passive elements, voltage and current stresses on the elements. The steady‐state behaviour of the proposed ZSI is verified through PSIM‐based simulation studies and scaled down 250 W laboratory prototype. Using the experimental results, power losses in different elements of the proposed ZSI are calculated at rated power and its efficiency is measured at different loading conditions.
Alpha particle thermodynamics in the inner heliosphere fast solar wind
Authors: Stansby D. , Perrone D. , Matteini L. , Horbury T. S. , Salem C. S. 
Published: February 2019

Context.Plasma processes occurring in the corona and solar wind can be probed by studying the thermodynamic properties of different ion species. However, most in situ observations of positive ions in the solar wind are taken at 1 AU, where information on their solar source properties may have been irreversibly erased.Aims.In this study we aim to use the properties of alpha particles at heliocentric distances between 0.3 AU and 1 AU to study plasma processes occurring at the points of observation, and to infer processes occurring inside 0.3 AU by comparing our results to previous remote sensing observations of the plasma closer to the Sun.Methods.We reprocessed the original Helios positive ion distribution functions, isolated the alpha particle population, and computed the alpha particle number density, velocity, and magnetic field perpendicular and parallel temperatures. We then investigated the radial variation of alpha particle temperatures in fast solar wind observed between 0.3 AU and 1 AU.Results.Between 0.3 AU and 1 AU alpha particles are heated in the magnetic field perpendicular direction and cooled in the magnetic field parallel direction. Alpha particle evolution is bounded by the alpha firehose instability threshold, which provides one possible mechanism to explain the observed parallel cooling and perpendicular heating. Closer to the Sun our observations suggest that the alpha particles undergo heating in the perpendicular direction, whilst the large magnetic field parallel temperatures observed at 0.3 AU may be due to the combined effect of double adiabatic expansion and alpha particle deceleration inside 0.3 AU.
Sagittales Profil der Wirbelsäule: Was ist sinnvoll, was gefährdet den Patienten, was ist Hype ? Pro: Korrektur ist oberste Maxime
Authors: Koller Heiko 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Notwendigkeit der Rekonstruktion eines physiologischen sagittalen Wirbelsäulenprofils bei Wirbelsäulenoperationen wird regelhaft in Fachdiskussionen kritisch hinterfragt. Die Gründe dafür liegen in der Natur sog. Deformitäteneingriffe, welche eine gesteigerte Komplexizität, operativen Schweregrad und auch Komplikationspotenzial mit sich führen. Der vorliegende Artikel erarbeitet ausführlich die Bedeutung der Rekonstruktion eines spinalen Alignments und einer sagittalen spinalen Balance. Vorteile und potenzielle Schwierigkeiten sowie Herausforderungen werden ausgewogen dargestellt. Die klinische Erfahrung, gestützt von wachsender publizierter Evidenz, bestärkt den Wirbelsäulenchirurgen in seinem Auftrag, auch die spinale sagittale Balance bei Wirbelsäuleneingriffen zu wahren und bei Bedarf auch zu rekonstruieren.
Pars-plana-Vitrektomie
Authors: Bopp Silvia , Kellner Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Pars-plana-Vitrektomie (PPV) ermöglicht die Therapie von zahlreichen Erkrankungen der Netzhaut und des Glaskörpers und wird bei der Diagnostik z. B. retinaler Tumoren eingesetzt. Verschiedene OP-Techniken sind möglich, abhängig von der Ausgangssituation und der Präferenz des Chirurgen. Die Erfolgsaussichten einer PPV sind im Wesentlichen abhängig von der Grunderkrankung, der Ausgangssituation und insbesondere der Veränderungen in der Makula.
„Unexplained physiological events“ in Hochleistungsflugzeugen
Authors: Ledderhos Carla 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit 2008 klagten F-22-Raptor-Piloten wiederholt über hypoxieähnliche Symptome im Flugbetrieb, die unter dem Begriff „hypoxia-like events“ in die Literatur eingegangen sind. Nach Verlusten von Piloten und Maschinen hatte im Mai 2011 die gesamte F-22-Flotte der USA Startverbot. Gleichzeitig sind intensive Untersuchungen zu möglichen Ursachen der Zwischenfälle eingeleitet worden, die bis heute andauern. Indessen häuften sich diese Ereignisse auch bei weiteren Hochleistungsflugzeugen. Alle Versuche der US Air Force, US Navy und NASA, die Ursachen der nunmehr als „unexplained physiological events“ (UPEs) oder „physiological events“ (PEs) bezeichneten Vorfälle aufzuklären, schlugen ungeachtet intensiver Bemühungen fehl. Momentan stellen PEs eine der größten Herausforderungen für die Flugmedizin überhaupt dar, die es in Zusammenarbeit mit Piloten, Ingenieuren sowie anderen Fachleuten auf diesem Gebiet zu lösen gilt. Ohne Fortschritte beim physiologischen Inflight-Monitoring und Anpassung des Trainings der Piloten wird dies jedoch unmöglich.