bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENDER AND AGE ASPECTS OF BIOENERGETICS PROCESSES IN EXPERIMENTAL PASSIVE TOBACCO SMOKING AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Rutska A. V. , Krynytska I. Ya. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Active smoking and exposure to passive smoke are responsible for more than 5 million deaths each year. At the same time, a characteristic feature of present food technologies is the use of food additives that are not always safe for human health, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG).
Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the changes in mitochondrial enzymes activity in rats in case of passive tobacco smoke combined with prolonged administration of MSG in the sex and age aspects.
Methods. The evaluation of bioenergetics processes in the mitochondria of circulating neutrophils was carried out using succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity.
Results. Passive tobacco smoke combined with the MSG administration in mature male-rats is accompanied by a significant inhibition of bioenergetics processes, as evidenced by a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity by 47.1% (p<0.001) compared to the intact animals, which is by 27.9% (p<0.001) below this index in case of the isolated effect of tobacco smoke and reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity by 27.5% (p<0.001) compared to the control group.
Conclusions. Thus, the findings suggest that low dose intake of monosodium glutamate enhances the ability of tobacco smoke to disrupt the cell's bioenergetics processes by affecting the respiratory chain function and generation of ATP. Therefore, it is advisable to investigate the established toxic doses of E621, as well as to study the molecular mechanisms of the ‘safe’ (allowed) doses of MSG effect on a living organism.
KIDNEY LESIONS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Andrushchak М. О. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction. HIV prevalence is one of the most important issues of contemporary medicine. Over a 30-year history of this disease more than 75 million people have been infected with HIV, nearly 30 million adults and children of died. In the future decades, its significance in world premature mortality rates continues to rise. The objective of the study was to establish clinical and laboratory features of kidney lesions in HIV infection.
Methods. The study involved 292 HIV-infected patients, who were managed outpatiently at the Chernivtsi Regional AIDS Center. Taking into account the main markers of kidney lesions: persistent proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 48 persons were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which was very frequently accompanied by dysfunction of these organs.
Results. Increasing proteinuria rate is accompanied by a significant renal dysfunction and more frequently is combined with arterial hypertension as well as hematuria without significant differences in the incidence of opportunistic diseases. The mean reciprocal correlation between the levels of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.562, p<0.01), as well as between the levels of proteinuria and hemoglobin (r=-0.596, p<0.01) have been established as well.
Conclusions. Kidney lesions in HIV-infected are most often characterized by tubulointerstitial lesions. At the same time, glomerular kidney lesion, which is much less common, is accompanied by a significantly higher level of HIV RNA.
A new Leioproctus with unique wing venation in males (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Paracolletinae) with comments on unusual wing modifications in bees
Authors: PACKER LAURENCE 
Published: March 2019

Leioproctus idiotropoptera Packer, new species, is described on the basis of one male and two females from the Northern Territory, Australia. The male has modifications of the venation and setation of the forewing that are unparalleled among the bees and also possesses highly modified mandibles and fore- and midlegs. The new species does not fall easily into any of the presently named subgenera of Leioproctus, but, given the great need for revision of this group, an additional subgeneric name is not presented at this time. Some comments on unusual wing modifications in bees are made.
Aphyonid-clade species of Australia (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with four species new to Australian waters and a new species of Barathronus
Authors: NIELSEN JØRGEN G. , POGONOSKI JOHN J. , APPLEYARD SHARON A. 
Published: March 2019

During voyages in 2017 off southern and southeastern Australia, the Australian Research Vessel Investigator deployed a series of demersal beam trawls to depths of around 5000 metres. Nineteen specimens of the rarely caught aphyonid-clade of the ophidiiform family Bythitidae, representing five species, were caught. Four of these are new to Australian waters: Barathronus pacificus Nielsen and Eagle, 1974 known from the northeastern and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Paraphyonus bolini (Nielsen, 1974) known from the western Indian and western Pacific Oceans, Paraphyonus rassi (Nielsen, 1975) known from the Atlantic Ocean and Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899, known from the northeastern Atlantic and northeastern and southwestern Pacific Oceans. Also included are Aphyonus gelatinosus Günther, 1878 known from all oceans including ten specimens from Australian waters, Barathronus maculatus Shcherbachev, 1976 known from South Africa to the westernmost Pacific including 13 specimens from Australian waters, Sciadonus longiventralis Nielsen, 2018 known from the holotype collected off New South Wales and finally Barathronus algrahami n. sp. known from the holotype caught off South Australia and four paratypes from off Taiwan and northern Philippines. Close examination of specimens collected during recent voyages combined with recent and ongoing studies by the first author and DNA COI barcoding analysis enabled an assessment of the aphyonid-clade species hitherto recorded from Australian waters. An identification key to the eight aphyonid clade species known from Australian waters is provided.
Driving while navigating: On-road driving performance using GPS or printed instructions
Authors: Cochran Lauren Marchman , Dickerson Anne E. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Route navigation is a high-level skill and requires intact executive functioning to successfully find one’s way while driving in unfamiliar environments. Purpose. Driving performances were compared while navigating using electronic devices and printed directions on unfamiliar driving routes as well as in an interactive driving simulator. Method. Twenty-four participants drove two on-road routes using GPS and printed directions, and navigated using printed directions in the simulator, using a point system to evaluate performance. The two unfamiliar routes, order of simulator and on-road driving, and use of GPS and printed directions were counterbalanced. Paired t test were used to compare both GPS versus printed directions and performance between on-road driving and the simulator. Findings. Participants’ performance using GPS on the road was significantly better than with printed directions. There was no significant difference between performance in the simulator and on the road. Implications. Using GPS may be an effective strategy for improving safety. Using a driving simulator may be an efficient means of evaluating the strategic level of driving, executive function, and readiness to drive.
Freebirthing: a case for using interpretative hermeneutic phenomenology in midwifery research for knowledge generation, dissemination and impact
Authors: Feeley Claire 
Published: March 2019

Aim This study explored women's reasons for and their experiences of decision making that related to the phenomenon of freebirthing within the United Kingdom. Freebirthing is the active choice to birth without a health professional present, even where there is access to maternity care. Methods In total, 10 women were recruited to participate in an interpretative hermeneutic phenomenological study. Data were collected via written narratives and follow-up interviews. Findings The findings revealed direct implications for midwifery practice, namely that the complex and nuanced reasons to freebirth were often related to a previous birth trauma or negative interactions with maternity professionals. Additional findings revealed that women faced distressing opposition and conflict from midwives in relation to their decision to freebirth, despite its current legality in the United Kingdom. These findings have been published elsewhere. However, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, using my research into freebirthing as a case study, I will demonstrate the use and benefits of interpretative hermeneutic phenomenology to midwifery and nursing research in order to generate knowledge for the benefit of service users, healthcare professionals, researchers and policy makers; second, I will discuss the activities I carried out to enhance dissemination and impact for the benefit of service users and clinicians.
Mental illness and recovery: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of Black African service users in England
Authors: Tuffour Isaac , Simpson Alan , Reynolds Lisa 
Published: March 2019

Background Research conceptualising recovery is predominantly Eurocentric. This paper develops the conceptualisation of recovery by Black African service users. Aims Our aim was to explore Black African service users’ experiences of recovery from mental illness and to understand how they conceptualise recovery. Methods Using a qualitative research approach and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Black African service users recovering from mental illness in England. Results Participants conceptualised recovery as a pragmatic and subjective concept distributed across a continuum of clinical, functional and spiritual dimensions, resilience, identity and their social and cultural backgrounds. Conclusions It seems critical for all stakeholders to ensure that these components are embedded in recovery-oriented services for Black African service users.
The evolution of treatment and complications of esophageal food impaction
Authors: Schupack Daniel A , Lenz Charles J , Geno Debra M , Tholen Crystal J , Leggett Cadman L , Katzka David A , Alexander Jeffrey A 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundEsophageal food impaction is relatively common and increasing over time. Treatment ranges from medications to invasive endoscopic therapies. The endoscopic push technique has been advised against in favor of endoscopic retrieval for safety concerns. We sought to assess use patterns and safety of treatments for food impaction in a population‐based retrospective review.MethodsA database of recorded esophageal food impactions in Olmsted County, MN, USA, from 1975–2011 was reviewed for patient demographics, treatment, and complications.ResultsA total of 645 impactions occurred, with increasing incidence over time, peaking at 23.2 per year (2000–2004). Medications (almost exclusively glucagon) were successful in relieving impactions 34.5% of the time when trialed. Urgent endoscopy was common (74.0%), as was the need for endoscopic therapy (67.1%). Endoscopic therapy increased over time, with the endoscopic push technique becoming most common. Esophageal complications (deep mucosal injury or perforation) increased over time but remained rare (peak 11%). There was no difference in complications between push and retrieval techniques.ConclusionsThe endoscopic push technique is safe in comparison to endoscopic retrieval in esophageal food impactions. While complications surrounding impaction have increased, they remain rare. Medication trials are reasonable, as long as they do not delay endoscopy, and may prevent the need for emergent endoscopy in one‐third of cases.
Patellar Fractures After the Harvest of a Quadriceps Tendon Autograft With a Bone Block: A Case Series
Authors: Fu Freddie H. , Rabuck Stephen J. , West Robin V. , Tashman Scott , Irrgang James J. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The quadriceps tendon is a versatile graft option, and the clinical implications of a quadriceps tendon harvest need to be further defined. Purpose: To review surgical considerations for the safe harvest of a quadriceps tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, with a focus on the risk of patellar fractures. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A series of 57 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with a quadriceps tendon autograft with a patellar bone block from March 2011 to December 2012 at a single institution. Patients who sustained a patellar fracture were identified. The clinical course for each patient was reviewed with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form scores through 2-year follow-up. Results: The incidence of patellar fractures was 3.5% intraoperatively and 8.8% at 2 years. This included 2 intraoperative fractures, 1 fracture during strength testing, and 2 occult fractures detected on computed tomography (CT) performed 6 months postoperatively for research purposes in asymptomatic participants. For the 5 patients with a patellar fracture with 24-month follow-up, the IKDC scores were 91.95, 91.95, 100.00, 100.00, and 64.37. Conclusion: Careful consideration of the quadriceps tendon and patellar anatomy is needed to safely harvest the bone plug from the superior pole of the patella. The consequences of a quadriceps tendon autograft harvest, specifically with regard to the risks associated with fractures of the patella during the harvest, demand full consideration. Postoperative imaging with CT may identify abnormalities in patients who are otherwise asymptomatic.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Overexpressing p130/E2F4 in mesenchymal stem cells facilitates the repair of injured alveolar epithelial cells in LPS-induced ARDS mice
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Chen Jianxiao , Xue Ming , Tang Yuying , Xu Jingyuan , Liu Ling , Huang Yingzi , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo , Guo Fengmei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Low differentiation rates of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) limit their therapeutic effects on patients in clinical studies. Our previous study demonstrated that overexpressing p130 or E2F4 affected the multipotential differentiation of MSCs, and the underlying mechanism was attributed to the regulation of the G1 phase. Improving the efficiency of MSC differentiation into epithelial cells is considered to be a new method. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of overexpressing p130 or E2F4 in MSCs on improving re-epithelization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS animals.

Methods
Mouse MSCs (mMSCs) stably transfected with p130 and E2F4 were transplanted intratracheally into LPS-induced ARDS mice. After 7 and 14 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the histopathology of the lungs was assessed by haematoxylin-eosin staining and lung injury scoring. Homing and differentiation of mMSCs were analysed by labelling and tracking mMSCs with NIR815 dye and immunofluorescent staining. Surfactant proteins A and C and occludin in the lungs were assessed by western blot. Permeability was evaluated by analysing the protein concentration of BALF using ELISA. Alveolar fluid clearance was assessed by absorbance measurements of BALF. Lung fibrosis was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining and Ashcroft scoring.

Results
The engraftment of mMSCs overexpressing p130 or E2F4 led to attenuated histopathological impairment of the lung tissue, and the lung injury scores of the LPS+mBM-MSC-p130 and LPS+mBM-MSC-E2F4 groups were also decreased (p < 0.05). Overexpression of p130 or E2F4 also increased the retention of mMSCs in the lung (p < 0.05), increased differentiation into type II alveolar epithelial cells (p < 0.05), and improved alveolar epithelial permeability (p < 0.05). Additionally, mMSCs overexpressing p130 or E2F4 inhibited lung fibrosis according to the deposition of collagen and the fibrosis score in the lungs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Overexpressing p130 or E2F4 in mMSCs could further improve the injured structure and function of epithelial cells in the lungs of ARDS mice as a result of improved differentiation of mMSCs into epithelial cells.
Assessment and treatment of individuals at high risk for psychosis
Authors: Andreou Christina , Bailey Barbara , Borgwardt Stefan 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYEarly detection and specialised early intervention for people at high risk for psychotic disorders have received growing attention in the past few decades, with the aim of delaying or preventing the outbreak of explicit psychotic symptoms and improving functional outcomes. This article summarises criteria for a diagnosis of high psychosis risk, the implications for such a diagnosis and recommendations for treatment.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to:
•recognise signs and symptoms indicating increased psychosis risk•understand uses and limitations of screening for high psychosis risk, and interpretation of results•recognise evidence-based treatment options for patients at clinical high risk for psychosis.DECLARATION OF INTERESTC.A. has received non-financial support from Sunovion and Lundbeck in the past 36 months.
Understanding the effects of materiality on mental health
Authors: Malafouris Lambros 
Published: March 2019

SummaryConsensus is growing, in many areas of the humanities and social sciences, that aspects of the material world we live in have causal efficacy on our minds – the major dynamic being the plasticity of the brain linked to the affordances of our bodily engagements with things. The implications of that on how we approach and understand important mental health issues have not been adequately addressed. This paper proposes a material engagement approach to the study of the processes by which different forms of materiality achieve their effects. Focusing on the example of dementia, I propose that a collaboration between archaeology, anthropology, philosophy and psychiatry could help us to fill this gap in our knowledge, allowing us to understand the exact effects of everyday objects, personal possessions and forms of material engagement on people with dementia.
Sexual function and Dyadic adjustment in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Gümüşsoy Süreyya , Kavlak Oya , Donmez Sevgul 
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the effects of urinary incontinence (UI) on sexual function (SF) and dyadic adjustment.
Methods: The study was conducted with 203 women with urinary incontinence. This study was conducted at Urogynecology Outpatient Clinic of our hospital between September 2017 and February 2018. Data were collected using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and “Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).
Results: The incidence of sexual dysfunction (SD) was higher in the patients who were in advanced age, had a husband older than them, entered menopause, had lower levels of education, had the higher frequency of UI and changed pads more frequently, and these patients had lower DAS scores.
Conclusion: It was determined that the majority of the participating women with UI experienced SD and that those with SD had lower DAS scores.
How to cite this:Gumussoy S, Kavlak O, Donmez S. Sexual function and Dyadic adjustment in women with urinary incontinence. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):437-442. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.296
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Genetic variants of calcium sensing receptor gene and risk of colorectal cancer: A case-control study
Authors: Al-Ghafari Ayat Badr 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To determine the role of two genetic variants, (rs3804594) and (rs1801725), in calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in patients visited King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, by commercial DNA extraction kit, from whole blood of 100 CRC patients and 124 controls who visited KAUH from January 2016 to September 2016. Then genotype and allele distributions of both variants were determined by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques. All statistical analyses were performed by unpaired t-test and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Data obtained from χ2 test showed that intron 4 variant in CASR gene was distributed 100% normally in the 224 participants, however, exon 7 variant showed 100% homozygous distribution in the controls; whereas, in CRC patients it was distributed equally into 50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous with no detection for wild type.
Conclusion: Intron 4 variant (rs3804594) in CASR gene is not correlated to CRC risk. However, more investigations are needed to elucidate the role of CASR gene exon 7 (rs1801725) variant in CRC development as the current results are not definitive.
How to cite this:Al-Ghafari AB. Genetic variants of calcium sensing receptor gene and risk of colorectal cancer: A case-control study . Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):448-453. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.38
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in elderly women with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Aşkar Şinasi , Deveboynu Şeyma Nur , Er Hilal , Kontaş Aşkar Tünay , Hismiogullari Adnan Adil 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is common nutritional deficiency particularly in women and also common during the older age. Aging increases plasma levels of inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. However, there is little information about changes in antimicrobial proteins in elderly women with IDA. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and newly discovered antimicrobial proteins like hepcidin, chemerin and defensin in elderly women with IDA.
Methods: Blood samples taken from healthy 20 women (55±7 years old) and 20 women with iron deficiency anemia (58±6) were used as material of the study that came to the Cankiri State Hospital in 2016 and 2017 years.
Results: In the study, plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (P <0.01), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P <0.05) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (P <0.05) were significantly increased in group with IDA when compared with healthy group. Also plasma hepcidin (P <0.001), chemerin (P <0.05) and defensin levels (P <0.05) were determined significantly higher than the healthy group.
Conclusion: We found that inflammatory changes occur in elderly women with IDA. Besides pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), antimicrobial protein levels (hepcidin, chemerin, defensin) were found higher in elderly women with IDA because of inflammatory changes.
How to cite this:Askar S, Deveboynu SN, Hilal ER, Askar TK, Adnan Adil Hismiogullari5. Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in elderly women with iron deficiency anemia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):298-301. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.520
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.