bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Optimization of an Unconventional Gas Resource in Southern Chile
Authors: Alqatrani G. S. , Britt L. K. , Otzen G.. , Guzman M.. , Kusanovic G.. , Dunn-Norman S.. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Magallanes Basin of Southern Chile is the southern-most hydrocarbon-producing basin in the world. The main source of the gas production in this basin is from the Glauconite Formation. The Glauconite is a clay and feldspar rich formation with extremely low permeability requiring hydraulic fracturing to recover the hydrocarbons and enhance well performance. In this project, fracture simulations with a fully three-dimensional finite element model were integrated with statistical analysis and used in an optimization study of hydraulic fracturing in the Glauconite Formation.
The mechanical earth model was used to estimate the in-situ stress contrast, Young's Modulus, and leak-off profile with depth. Tri-axial compression tests of core were used to validate static Young's Modulus estimates while mini-frac data and fracture stimulation data were history matched and used to validate and/or modify in-situ stress and leak-off profiles with depth. The history matched treatments were then used to populate the database with the resulting hydraulic and propped fracture dimensions. Ultimately, a database that includes in-situ stress, stress contrast, Young's Modulus, leak-off, propped and un-propped fracture dimensions (length and conductivity) was developed.
Finally, both the database and multi-variate statistical analysis were used to show the role of mechanical earth modeling in enhancing and improving the understanding of fracture optimization in the Glauconite Formation. Results from hybrid fracture fluid treatments were compared to treated water fracture treatments to determine the optimum fracture stimulation design for this unconventional extremely tight gas resource.
This work provides a benefit to the petroleum industry by: Using a geo-mechanical finite element model to improve the understanding of the propped fracture dimensions achieved by hybrid and treated water fracture treatments in an unconventional resource like the Glauconite Formation.Establish the key drivers for successful water-frac treatments.
Conceptual Design and Production Enhancement for Ball-Activated Multi-Stage Fracturing Systems in Deepwater Formations
Authors: Bagci S.. , Flores J. C. , Castro L.. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Multi-Zone, Single-Trip (MZST) completions have significantly reduced the time to complete deep wells with long intervals and have been successfully used in Lower Tertiary formations in deep-water Gulf of Mexico (GOM) projects. MZST completion can be used to create the interface with the reservoir and to deliver stimulation treatments typically limited to up to single-digit zones. Additionally, the minimum spacing allowed by standard MZST completions limits the treated zone length.
The Lower Tertiary formations encounter high-laminated pay zones, often hydraulically isolated, and with pressure variations across the small spacing length. Therefore, a treatment covering several compartments results in uneven treatment distribution across long intervals. These single-trip systems require a high proppant amount and pressure to complete the sizeable frac-pack jobs required in Lower Tertiary formations. Using ball-activated fracturing sleeves and dedicated fracturing ports, these completion systems allow a larger number of stages over multiple intervals. This method affords more precise placement of stages with reduced spacing down to single-digit feet between zones, a feature that also enables targeting specific pressure characteristics in the reservoir.
Completion selection and well performance analysis were conducted to design a new completion system for production enhancement from Lower Tertiary formations. Design and selection of the lower completion system focused on multi-stage fracturing and potential sand control options, and their impact on production. The following systems were studied to estimate and predict the initial production rates: Multi-Zone Single-Trip (MZST) completion, Large Bore Multi-Zone (LBMZ) completion system and Ball-Activated Fracturing Completion System (BAFCS).
This paper describes a high-level workflow developed for completion design and selection, fracture modeling to generate 3D fracture geometry and fracturing pressures, wellbore design including tubing stress and movement analysis for fracturing treatments and production systems analysis to generate vertical lift performance/inflow performance relationships (VLP/IPR), and to estimate the initial production rates and flowing bottomhole pressure for sand-free production.
The proposed BAFCS used more fracture initiation points (up to 20 stages) in the Lower Tertiary formations when compared to eight individual stages (20 perforation intervals) with MZST and LBMZ completion systems. The more confined fracture geometries were created by using the new proposed multi-stage fracturing system. Predicted BAFCS production rates were higher than those of MZST and LBMZ completion systems. To attain higher production and recovery factors than those achievable with natural depletion, artificial lift options (electrical submersible pumping) were also examined for Lower Tertiary wells.
Shining a Light on the Formation Damage Bogeyman: A Case Study of Low Loadfluid Recovery and Enhanced Hydrocarbon Production in the Tight Gas Montney Formation of Western Canada
Authors: Jensen J.. , Hawkes R. V. , Behr J.. , Quintero H.. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The current practice of pumping large volumes of low salinity slick water in hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments in Canadian oil and gas shales and ultra-tight formations has proven extremely beneficial. These zones, however, are typically considered to have sub-irreducible water saturations. Nevertheless, water treatment volumes of 10,000 – 20,000 m3 per well are routinely performed. Conventional thinking would expect reduced hydrocarbon production due to formation damage or water block. Cleanup efficiencies of these massive water volumes during flowback is driven by the desire to minimize fluid invasion into the matrix. Water (load fluid) cleanup is essentially driven by viscous forces to counteract the capillary forces in the mix-wettability pore network. Operational and seasonal restrictions at times prevent wells being tied into pipelines immediately to continue the load fluid clean-up process. Once wells are placed back on production however, positive and dynamic fluid changes are observed. Conventional thinking suggests that once the invaded water zone saturation reduces to irreducible levels during flowback (cleanup operations), hydrocarbon can then freely flow into the wellbore. However, the flowback behavior in unconventional reservoirs is quite different than conventional reservoirs where soakback and slowback techniques are implemented. These wells can undergo weeks or even months of shut-in following the hydraulic fracturing treatment. It is believed that extended shut-in periods promote the counter-current imbibition phenomena, where the residual hydraulic fracturing fluid can imbibe deeper in the formation matrix driven by osmotic and capillary forces.
This paper demonstrates the true benefit of multi-functionalized surfactant (MFS) with formations of mixed-wettability characteristics using both lab and field tests. Amott Cell results, a test for spontaneous imbibition using various stimulation fluid types, demonstrated MFS significantly outperformed common surfactant chemistry when tested on mixed wettability core samples.
Analytical Model for Predicting Fracture Initiation Pressure from a Cased and Perforated Wellbore
Authors: Weng X.. , Xu L.. , Magbagbeola O.. , MacPhail K.. , Uschner N.. , Carney B. J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although clustered perforations have become a primary choice of completion for horizontal wells in the development of low-permeability reservoirs, downhole measurements and production logging often indicate nonuniform production from the perforation clusters, with some of them not stimulated or not contributing to the production. One of the mechanisms contributing to this is nonuniform/inefficient breakdown of the perforations. However, being able to assess the effectiveness of perforation breakdown because of lateral variation of the formation properties and stresses is challenging, not only because of the lack of the data, but also because of the lack of a practical engineering model to predict the fracture initiation and breakdown pressures for cased and perforated completions due to the complexity of well configuration and perforation geometry. In this paper, an analytical fracture initiation model is presented along with the comparison against 3D numerical simulations and published experimental data. The breakdown pressure data from a Marcellus shale horizontal test well in the US Department of Energy (DOE)–sponsored Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory consortium are analyzed and compared to the model prediction using the high-resolution 1D mechanical earth model derived from high-tier logs.
Baling or Grazing of Corn Residue Does Not Reduce Crop Production in Central United States
Authors: Ulmer Kristen M. , Rasby Richard J. , MacDonald James C. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Rakkar Manbir K. , Cox Jordan L. , Bondurant Robert G. , Jenkin Karla H. , Drewnoski Mary E. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Baling of corn residue removed three times more residue than did grazing of residue.
Grazing and baling appear to have no impact on subsequent crop yields in flat, high‐yielding fields.
Corn (Zea Mays L.) residue can be used by cattle producers as a source of forage that can either be grazed or baled. While many studies have evaluated the impact of baling corn residue on subsequent crops, relatively few have evaluated the effect of grazing of corn residue. An on‐farm multi‐year study (3 or 4 yr) was conducted at six sites in the central United States to determine effects of grazing or baling of corn residue on subsequent grain yield. Most sites were under no‐till management and were irrigated. Some locations were in continuous corn while others were in a corn–corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] or corn–soybean rotation. At each location, there were three corn residue treatments: no bale–no graze (CON), baled (BLD), and grazed (GZD) with two or three replicates per treatment. Baling and grazing management was dictated by the cooperating producer. In the spring, corn residue remaining in the CON (10.17 Mg ha−1) was greater (P < 0.01; SEM ± 0.449) than both GZD (8.68 Mg ha−1) and BLD (3.60 Mg ha−1) with GZD being greater (P < 0.01) than BLD. Residue management did not affect (P ≥ 0.26) subsequent grain yield (corn, soybean, or dry bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]). Corn yield ranged from 6.2 to 18.2 Mg ha−1 with a mean of 14.0 Mg ha−1. Results indicate that, in the short term, baling or grazing of corn residue in high grain yielding fields will not negatively impact grain yield but grazing results in less removal of residue than baling.
Valoração Ambiental do Parque Ecológico do Rio Cocó
Authors: Farias Ivaneide Ferreira , Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da , Lima Diego Sampaio Vasconcelos Ramalho , Oliveira Laís Vieira Castro , Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira 
Published: October 2018

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a disposição a pagar dos visitantes do Parque Ecológico do Rio Cocó para mantê-lo preservado e conservado. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Método de Avaliação Contingente (MAC) com estimação dos valores da Disposição a Pagar (DAP). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo em relação aos objetivos. A amostra reúne 159 frequentadores do parque no último ano, que responderam os questionários. Utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva, regressão logística e cálculo da disposição a pagar total. Os resultados sinalizaram que 58% dos respondentes estão dispostos a pagar para visitar o Parque Ecológico do Rio Cocó. O perfil da amostra tem as seguintes características: 64% eram do sexo feminino, 25% dos entrevistados tinham dependentes, o número médio de visitas ao parque foi de 2,09 visitas por ano, a média das idades foi de 29,69 anos e o salário médio dos respondentes foi de R$3.669,00. A regressão logística revela que as variáveis “renda”, “conservação”, “gênero”, “nº de dependentes” e “escolaridade” apresentaram significância no modelo. Renda familiar, gênero e número de dependentes aumentam a probabilidade de o indivíduo estar disposto a pagar pela visitação do parque, enquanto a escolaridade e conservação reduzem a probabilidade de disposição a pagar. Verificou-se também uma DAP média de R$11,53 para visitar o Parque Ecológico do Rio Cocó e uma DAP total de R$ 44.194,49 mensais. Conclui-se, a partir da amostra analisada, que a maioria dos visitantes está disposta a pagar para usufruir do Parque do Cocó em troca de melhorias na preservação e conservação.
Franquias Virtuais: uma nova estratégia para os varejistas no e-commerce
Authors: Pereira Ebert Paula Narita , Seide Froemming Lurdes Marlene , Johann Daiane 
Published: October 2018

As organizações vêm sofrendo crescentes pressões, devido às mudanças extremas e contínuas em seu ambiente organizacional, com clientes cada vez mais exigentes, muitas empresas perceberam que seus métodos tradicionais de distribuição já não se mostram compatíveis com a concorrência global e com os novos hábitos de compra e consumo dos novos consumidores. Manter os clientes é tão ou mais importante do que adquiri-los. Nesse sentido a franquia virtual se diferencia das demais modalidades de franquias por se valer das redes sociais como o principal canal de comercialização de produtos ou serviços. O objetivo central deste estudo é analisar o desenvolvimento de um novo canal de distribuição denominado franquia virtual, com base nas percepções das consultoras de franquias virtuais e de seus respectivos consumidores. O estudo fundamenta-se em uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, constitui-se em um estudo de caso e utilizou-se da pesquisa netnográfica e observação participante aplicada a franqueados e consumidores virtuais da Rede Natura. Os resultados apresentam contribuições sociais, econômicas e acadêmicas, uma vez que contribuem para a literatura pela contemporaneidade do assunto.
Infiltração clandestina: a questão da diferença no pensamento latino-americano
Authors: Selis Lara 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo constitui um esforço de leitura de autores que se engajaram na reativação das margens como espaço de enunciação intelectual na América Latina. Nesse sentido, desenha-se uma reflexão cuja curiosidade seminal se direciona sobre o lugar em que o escritor latinoamericano joga com os signos de outro escritor, o europeu. Buscando analisar como algumas escolas enfrentaram o silenciamento epistemológico da região, o presente trabalho retoma brevemente a literatura produzida pelas teorias da dependência, pelo grupo modernidade/colonialidade e pelos intérpretes da antropofagia. A partir de tal base, argumenta-se pelo espaço de enunciação marginal reativada através de uma epistemologia capaz de estabelecer a diferença como valor crítico. Através dessas lentes, sugere-se que, em cada uma daquelas correntes, verificam-se diferentes visões e graus distintos de resistência diante da figura da Europa ou dos países centrais. Ao fim, configuram-se múltiplas modalidades de infiltraçãoclandestina, mas que compartilham da preocupação com um lócus de fala periférica.
Multimodal Treatment of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Gossios Thomas , Zografou Ioanna , Simoulidou Veta , Pirpassopoulou Athina , Christou Konstantinos , Karagiannis Asterios 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease, associated
with premature atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), especially in its homozygous type (HoFH).

Objective:
The aim of this review is to discuss the safety and efficacy of combination treatments (procedures and
drugs) for HoFH.

Results:
Historically, liver transplantation was used first; however, it is currently considered only as a last resort
for some patients. In the mid 70’s, LDL aphaeresis was introduced and remains up today the treatment of choice
for patients of any age, despite its significant cost. The use of Ezetimibe results in additive 15-20% reductions in
LDL-C regardless of the therapeutic approach, while statins are modestly effective in patients with class 4 or 5
mutations, in which LDL Receptors (LDLR) are present. One of the novel drugs for HoFH is Lomitapide, which
is a highly effective oral agent, but is also exceedingly expensive ($350, 000/year). Mipomersen is administered
every week subcutaneously, is also effective but has been approved only in the US mainly due to injection site
reactions up to 80%. Both Lomitapide (mainly) and Mipomersen have been found to promote fat accumulation in
the liver, resulting in subsequent serum transaminases elevations. PCSK9 inhibitors are effective in those with
partial LDLR presence and function by reducing frequency of LDL apheresis, improve cost effectiveness of
treatment.

Conclusion:
Pediatric and adult HoFH treatment needs combination of procedures and drugs. The main treatment
is LDL-C apheresis aided by ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. Lomitapide needs caution, and liver transplantation
is an alternative as the last resort.
Drugs that Mimic the Effect of Gene Mutations for the Prevention or the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Disease: From PCSK9 Inhibition to ANGPTL3 Inactivation
Authors: Athyros Vasilios G. , Katsiki Niki , Dimakopoulou Aikaterini , Patoulias Dimitrios , Alataki Sofia , Doumas Michael 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Drugs mimicking natural beneficial mutations, including that for familial hypercholesterolemia
(FH), might represent the future of hypolipidemic drug treatment.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to review the properties and the effects of these drugs, which are either already
commercially available or are in the process to be approved for the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Results:
More than a decade ago, it was accidentally discovered that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type
9 (PCSK9) loss-of-function mutations resulted in marked lifelong reduction of LDL-C and the incidence of cardiovascular
disease (CVD). This provided the idea for a human anti-PCSK9 antibody. Along with dozens of
phase II and III studies demonstrating unprecedented reductions in LDL-C levels, two large clinical trials established
the substantial benefits of evolocumab and alirocumab on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, on top of
standard treatment. Evolocumab and alirocumab are now approved and used in clinical practice for the treatment
of FH, statin intolerance, and high risk patients not achieving LDL-C targets. Anti RNA, small molecules, peptides
and also protein fragments against PCSK9 are in phase 1 trials. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3)
regulates lipid metabolism increasing triglycerides (TGs), remnants, and LDL-C. In a huge study, ANGPTL3
deficiency due to gene(s) loss-of-function was associated with substantial reductions in circulating TGs, LDL-C,
and CVD. Evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 antibody, caused a dose-dependent reduction in fasting TG levels of up to
76% and LDL-C of up to 23% and CVD risk by 41%. There is also antisense oligonucleotide and micro-RNA-
27b (miR-27b) against ANGPTL3. Two naturally occurring mutations in apo3 gene, A23T and K58E, reduce
TGs and CVD risk. A monoclonal antibody targeting apoC-III has the same effect.

Conclusion:
Mimicking the beneficial naturally happening mutations in lipid metabolism pathways with biological
drugs is probably the future of hypolipidemic drug treatment.
In Silico Analysis of Compounds Derived from Perovskia Atriplicifolia for their Antidiabetic Potential
Authors: Butt Huma Aslam , Butt Hina Aslam , Khan Arif-ullah 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Diabetes is a chronic endocrine associated metabolic ailment. It is chiefly
characterized by hyperglycemia, which results due to deficient insulin levels caused by either obliteration
of pancreatic beta cells or the incompetent sensitivity of insulin at the target tissue.

Methods:
In the present study, selected compounds (Abrotandiol, Abrotanone, Lariciresinol, Pinoresinol,
Syringaresinol and Taxiresinol) from Perovskia atriplicifolia were evaluated for antidiabetic
potentials using molecular docking simulations and computational tools.

Results:
All selected compounds possess moderate to strong respective activities against aldose
reductase, DPP-IV, PTPB, insulin receptor and PPAR-g. Selected compounds that include Abrotandiol,
Lariciresinol, Pinoresinol, Syringaresinol, Abrotanone and Taxiresinol have shown highest
binding energies of ΔG = -9.3 kcal/mol, -8.9 kcal/mol, -8.9 kcal/mol, -8.8 kcal/mol, -8.8 kcal/mol
and -7.6 kcal/mol respectively against PPAR-g. However, out of six compounds, Abrotanone has
shown strong potential binding energy against all selected targets, i.e. ΔG = -7.8 kcal/mol with
aldose reductase, ΔG = -10.3 kcal/mol with DPP-IV, ΔG = -9.3 kcal/mol with PTPB and ΔG = -8.3
kcal/mol with insulin receptors.

Conclusion:
The present study proposed that all selected compounds possess antidiabetic activity.
However, Abrotanone has a strong antidiabetic potential. This assumption provides better insight to
evaluate further these compounds for in vitro and in vivo testing against diabetes in future.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-cyano-4H-chromene Derivatives Bearing Carbamate Functionality
Authors: Boukattaya Fatma , Daoud Amal , Boeda Fabien , Pearson-Long Morwenna S.M. , Gharsallah Néji , Kadri Adel , Bertus Philippe , Ammar Houcine 
Published: October 2018

Background:
2-Aminochromene derivatives display important pharmacological properties,
including mainly antibiotic and anticancer activities.

Objective:
The study aims to synthesize new chromene derivatives via a new approach using Grignard
reagents, for the evaluation of their antibiotic and antifungal properties.

Method:
A series of novel 3-cyano-4-aminochromene derivatives bearing alkyl substituents at the
4-position was prepared for biological evaluation.

Results:
These compounds were obtained by the addition of various Grignard reagents into Nethoxycarbonyl-
3-cyanoiminocoumarines in moderate to good yields (72-96%). The reaction is
completely regioselective. The new chromene derivatives were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial
activities against a panel of six bacterial and three fungal strains using agar dilution
method.

Conclusion:
The antibacterial activity of the chromene derivatives was more pronounced on
Gram-positive bacteria than on Gram-negative bacteria with a significant activity observed against
Staphylococcus aureus. An interesting antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. and Fusarium
oxysporum was also noticed.