bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forkhead box O3 protects the heart against paraquat‐induced aging‐associated phenotypes by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes
Authors: Chang Zao‐Shang , Xia Jing‐Bo , Wu Hai‐Yan , Peng Wen‐Tao , Jiang Fu‐Qing , Li Jing , Liang Chi‐Qian , Zhao Hui , Park Kyu‐Sang , Song Guo‐Hua , Kim Soo‐Ki , Huang Ruijin , Zheng Li , Cai Dong‐Qing , Qi Xu‐Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParaquat (PQ) promotes cell senescence in brain tissue, which contributes to Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, PQ induces heart failure and oxidative damage, but it remains unknown whether and how PQ induces cardiac aging. Here, we demonstrate that PQ induces phenotypes associated with senescence of cardiomyocyte cell lines and results in cardiac aging‐associated phenotypes including cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in vivo. Moreover, PQ inhibits the activation of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), an important longevity factor, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that PQ‐induced senescence phenotypes, including proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, and p16INK4a expression, were significantly enhanced by FoxO3 deficiency in cardiomyocytes. Notably, PQ‐induced cardiac remolding, apoptosis, oxidative damage, and p16INK4a expression in hearts were exacerbated by FoxO3 deficiency. In addition, both in vitro deficiency and in vivo deficiency of FoxO3 greatly suppressed the activation of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the presence of PQ, which was accompanied by attenuation in cardiac function. The direct in vivo binding of FoxO3 to the promoters of the Cat and Sod2 genes in the heart was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Functionally, overexpression of Cat or Sod2 alleviated the PQ‐induced senescence phenotypes in FoxO3‐deficient cardiomyocyte cell lines. Overexpression of FoxO3 and CAT in hearts greatly suppressed the PQ‐induced heart injury and phenotypes associated with aging. Collectively, these results suggest that FoxO3 protects the heart against an aging‐associated decline in cardiac function in mice exposed to PQ, at least in part by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and suppressing oxidative stress.
Antipsychotic use and risk of life‐threatening medical events: umbrella review of observational studies
Authors: Papola D. , Ostuzzi G. , Gastaldon C. , Morgano G. P. , Dragioti E. , Carvalho A. F. , Fusar‐Poli P. , Correll C. U. , Solmi M. , Barbui C. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo quantify the risk of hip fracture, thromboembolism, stroke, myocardial infarction, pneumonia and sudden cardiac death associated with exposure to antipsychotics.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycINFO from inception until 30/07/2018 for systematic reviews of observational studies. AMSTAR‐2 was used for the quality assessment of systematic reviews, while the strength of associations was measured using GRADE and quantitative umbrella review criteria (URC).ResultsSixty‐eight observational studies from six systematic reviews were included. The association between antipsychotic exposure and pneumonia was the strongest [URC = class I; GRADE = low quality; odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.62–2.09; participants = 28 726; age = 76.2 ± 12.3 years], followed by the association with hip fracture (URC = class II; GRADE = low quality; OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.42–1.74; participants = 5 288 118; age = 55.4 ± 12.5 years), and thromboembolism (URC = class II; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.31–1.83; participants = 31 417 175; age = 55.5 ± 3.2 years). The association was weak for stroke (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24–1.70; participants = 65 700; age = 68.7 ± 13.8 years), sudden cardiac death (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.45–3.46; participants = 77 488; age = 52.2 ± 6.2 years) and myocardial infarction (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.41–3.46; participants = 399 868; age = 74.1 ± 9.3 years).ConclusionThe most robust results were found for the risk of pneumonia, followed by the risk of hip fracture and thromboembolism. For stroke, sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction, the strength of association was weak. The observational nature of the primary studies may represent a source of bias.
Community structure of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the coast of Southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Emili B , Favretto Mario A , Navarro‐Silva Mario A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsidering the importance of Culicidae species to public health, this study aimed to update and provide better understanding of the mosquito fauna in an Atlantic Forest preservation area in Paranaguá, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. This was achieved via a mosquito survey with a subsequent analysis of the impact of abiotic factors on the composition of the mosquito community. A total of 1641 culicid specimens of 42 species and 10 genera were identified. The most abundant taxa were Aedes serratus/nubilus, Psorophora ferox and Anopheles cruzii, the latter being the main vector of malaria in the Atlantic Forest. Culex abonnenci, a species that had not yet been recorded in Paraná State, was also identified. Rainfall and temperature were found to have a high influence on some species, such as Aedes hortator, Ps. ferox and An. cruzii. This study demonstrates that performing new studies in already researched regions is relevant, as new species may be recorded. In addition, analysing the effects of abiotic factors on mosquito species is important to understand how climate change influences the composition of species in certain areas and therefore impacts the dynamics of diseases propagated by insect vectors.
Assessment of haemorrhoidal artery network using Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation for haemorrhoids and pathogenesis implications
Authors: Trilling Bertrand , Mancini Adrian , Reche Fabian , Pflieger Hannah , Sage Pierre‐Yves , Faucheron Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSome authors, either with anatomical studies or Doppler laser flowmetric investigations have shown the blood flow to the posterior midline of the anus to be potentially deficient. This relative local ischaemia might explain pathogenesis of anal fissure, which is often located posteriorly. The aim of this study was to record the exact position of the distal branches of the superior rectal artery during Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation‐rectoanal repair (HAL‐RAR) procedures with special reference to posterior distribution of the arteries.MethodsAll consecutive patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids who were treated with the HAL‐RAR procedure between February 2008 and February 2014 in a single institution were included in the study. Number and position of Doppler‐guided ligations were prospectively collected. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to compare artery locations.ResultsA total of 150 patients (75 women) with symptomatic haemorrhoids were included in the study. Median age was 53 years (range 23–83). A median of 10 ligations were placed per patient (range 3–18). A significantly lower number of cumulative arterial ligations was recorded in the posterior position (88 ligations overall, P = 0.025).ConclusionsThe number of distal branches of the superior rectal artery that have been localized by the Doppler‐guided HAL‐RAR technique is lower at the posterior midline than in the other segments of the lower rectum. This is another evidence of the vascular deficiency at the posterior pole of the anal canal that might explain the pathogenesis of the anal fissure.
Thirteen years of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: the promises and burdens of a paradigm shift told from the perspective of the largest retina service in Norway.
Authors: Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Steffensen Leif Arthur , Eriksen Ketil , Bragadóttir Ragnheiður , Moe Morten Carstens 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe the first 13 years of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy from the perspective of a public ophthalmic department serving a local community of almost one million people.MethodsRetrospective registry study. Data from Oslo University Hospital, Norway were collected from 2006 through 2018. Hospital episode statistics were searched for episodes of care encompassing intravitreal anti‐VEGF procedures. Patient‐specific ID numbers, diagnoses, and drug codes were registered. In general, bevacizumab was used as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013.ResultsThe number of unique patients treated per year increased from 130 in 2006 to 3428 in 2018. In 2018, 2488 (73%) patients had also received treatment the previous year. The number of yearly injections increased from 228 in 2006 to 25 570 in 2018. In 2018 the diagnosis macular degeneration constituted 69% of injections, diabetic retinopathy constituted 15%, retinal vein occlusion constituted 13%, and other diagnoses constituted 3%. In the same year 49% of injections were with bevacizumab, 46% with aflibercept, 4% with ranibizumab, and 1% with dexamethasone implants. The bevacizumab to aflibercept ratio was almost 1:1 for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy; for retinal vein occlusion the ratio was 13:7.ConclusionIn 13 years there was an approximately 100‐fold increase in the number of yearly intravitreal injections. A majority of patients received long‐term treatment. Macular degeneration was the most common diagnosis. Using bevacizumab as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013, eventually resulted in a nearly 1:1 ratio in drug usage.
Laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system: A case report
Authors: Mori Mikito , Shuto Kiyohiko , Hirano Atsushi , Kosugi Chihiro , Narushima Kazuo , Koda Keiji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe herein describe a case of laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system. A 64‐year‐old woman with a cystic tumor adjacent to the esophagogastric junction was referred to our hospital for treatment. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal CT revealed a 70‐mm submucosal tumor derived from the abdominal esophagus. We performed laparoscopic resection and then evaluated the tissue perfusion of the abdominal esophagus by using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system. A Dor fundoplication was performed to prevent postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease and reinforce the mucosal layer defect. The postoperative course was uneventful, and pathological evaluation confirmed that the tumor was an esophageal duplication cyst. The patient did not develop recurrence in the 24 months after surgery. We have demonstrated that laparoscopic resection of an esophageal duplication cyst may be performed effectively with intraoperative assessment of tissue perfusion using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system.
Blurring the germline: Genome editing and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Lewens Tim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSperm, eggs and embryos are made up of more than genes, and there are indications that changes to non‐genetic structures in these elements of the germline can also be inherited. It is, therefore, a mistake to treat phrases like ‘germline inheritance’ and ‘genetic inheritance’ as simple synonyms, and bioethical discussion should expand its focus beyond alterations to the genome when considering the ethics of germline modification. Moreover, additional research on non‐genetic inheritance draws attention to a variety of means whereby differences can be inherited in offspring generations that do not rely on differences in germline structures. Research on these diverse forms of inheritance challenges the notion that there is some special form of ethical concern that falls on germline interventions in general, and on interventions to the nuclear genome within the germline in particular.
End‐of‐life decision‐making and advance care directives in Italy. A report and moral appraisal of recent legal provisions
Authors: Botti Caterina , Vaccari Alessio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present article reviews the state of public debate and legal provisions concerning end‐of‐life decision‐making in Italy and offers an evaluation of the moral and legal issues involved. The article further examines the content of a recent law concerning informed consent and advance treatment directives, the main court pronouncements that formed the basis for the law, and developments in the public debate and important jurisprudential acts subsequent to its approval. The moral and legal grounds for a positive evaluation of this law, which attests that the patient may withhold or withdraw from life‐prolonging treatment, will be offered with reference to liberal approaches and particularly to the frameworks of care and virtue ethics; but reasons will also be offered in order to consider not only the latter but also broader range of end‐of‐life treatment decisions as morally apt options. In this light, we argue in favour of a further development of the Italian legislation to encompass forms of assisted suicide and active euthanasia.
Teachers, not parents, are able to predict time processing skills in preschoolers
Authors: Tobia Valentina , Bonifacci Paola , Bernabini Luca , Marzocchi Gian Marco 
Published: July 2019

Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders. Questionnaires for assessing children's sense of time are available from primary school, but we lack valid proxy‐report tools for younger children, who are not able to complete self‐reports. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a questionnaire investigating preschoolers’ sense of time from the points of view of their parents and teachers. One hundred seventy preschoolers were included in the sample. Their parents and teachers completed the Sense of Time Questionnaire, and the children were administered time reproduction and time discrimination tasks, both concurrently and 7 months later. The assessment of preschoolers’ sense of time reported by teachers, but not by parents, predicted the children's time processing skills both concurrently and longitudinally. The teacher version of the Sense of Time Questionnaire constitutes a valid instrument for assessing and predicting preschoolers’ time processing skills and can be used for clinical and research purposesStatement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders such as ADHD and dyscalculia.

Early assessment of time processing skills is important for clinical (e.g., screening) and research purposes.

We do not have valid questionnaires for assessing sense of time in young children.

What the present study adds?

The sense of time ability reported by teachers predicts preschoolers’ time processing skills.

The sense of time ability reported by parents does not predicts preschoolers’ time processing skills.

The Sense of Time Questionnaire is a valid instrument for investigating time processing skills of 4–6 aged children.
Inflatable penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporal bodies: timing may decrease postoperative problems
Authors: Hebert Kristi L. , Yafi Faysal A. , Wilson Steve 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the rates of intra‐ and postoperative complications between early (<4 months) or delayed (>4 months) inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) re‐implantation performed after a fibrosis‐inducing event.Patients and MethodsCases of IPP re‐implantation were performed by a single, high‐volume prosthetic surgeon in hospitals domestically and abroad over a 15‐year period (2001–2016). The time interval from the precipitating event to operation, intra‐operative complications and postoperative complications for up to 1 year after implantation, were recorded.ResultsA total of 72 cases of IPP re‐implantation were recorded. There were 16 (53%) intraoperative complications in patients who had surgery at <4 months (Group 1) and 23 (55%) in patients operated at >4 months (Group 2). There were four (13%) postoperative complications in Group 1 and 14 (33%) in Group 2.ConclusionRe‐implantation of an IPP into fibrotic corporal bodies is associated with less serious postoperative complications when performed within 4 months of the fibrosis‐inducing event.
Tectonostratigraphic framework and depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Sea of Japan
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Jin , Yoo Dong‐Geun , Kang Nyeon‐Keon , Yi Bo‐Yeon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea, is a Neogene back‐arc basin and occupies a tectonically crucial zone under the influence of relative motions between Eurasian, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. However, the link between tectonics and sedimentation remains poorly understood in the back‐arc Ulleung Basin, as it does in many other back‐arc basins as well, because of a paucity of seismic data and controversy over the tectonic history of the basin. This paper presents an integrated tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution in the deepwater Ulleung Basin using 2D multichannel seismic reflection data. The sedimentary succession within the deepwater Ulleung Basin is divided into four second‐order seismic megasequences (MS1 to MS4). Detailed seismic stratigraphy interpretation of the four megasequences suggests the depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin occurred in four stages, controlled by tectonic movement, volcanism, and sea‐level fluctuations. In Stage 1 (late Oligocene through early Miocene), syn‐rift sediment supplied to the basin was restricted to the southern base‐of‐slope, whereas the northern distal part of the basin was dominated by volcanic sills and lava flows derived from initial rifting‐related volcanism. In Stage 2 (late early Miocene through middle Miocene), volcanic extrusion occurred through post‐rift, chain volcanism in the earliest time, followed by hemipelagic and turbidite sedimentation in a quiescent open marine setting. In Stage 3 (late middle Miocene through late Miocene), compressional activity was predominant throughout the Ulleung Basin, resulting in regional uplift and sub‐aerial erosion/denudation of the southern shelf of the basin, which provided enormous volumes of sediment into the basin through mass transport processes. In Stage 4 (early Pliocene through present), although the degree of tectonic stress decreased significantly, mass movement was still generated by sea‐level fluctuations as well as compressional tectonic movement, resulting in stacked mass transport deposits along the southern basin margin. We propose a new depositional history model for the deepwater Ulleung Basin and provide a window into understanding how tectonic, volcanic and eustatic interactions control sedimentation in back‐arc basins.
A comprehensive approach uncovers hidden diversity in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with the description of a novel species
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Harris John L. , Robertson Clinton R. , Johnson Nathan A. , Randklev Charles R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMajor geological processes have shaped biogeographical patterns of riverine biota. The Edwards Plateau of central Texas, USA, exhibits unique aquatic communities and endemism, including several species of freshwater mussels. Lampsilis bracteata (Gould, 1855) is endemic to the Edwards Plateau region; however, its phylogenetic relationship with other species in the Gulf coastal rivers and Mississippi River basin is unknown. We evaluated phylogenetic relationships, shell morphologies and soft anatomy characters of L. bracteata and a closely related congener, Lampsilis hydiana (Lea, 1838) throughout their ranges. Our results showed the presence of an undescribed species: Lampsilis bergmanni sp.n. Lampsilis bracteata and L. bergmanni sp.n. share similar shell morphologies and soft anatomy characters; however, they are genetically distinct. Geological processes, such as faulting and sea‐level changes during the Miocene to Pliocene, are likely to have facilitated diversification of Lampsilis species, resulting in isolation of L. bracteata on the Edwards Plateau and diversification between L. bergmanni sp.n. and L. hydiana. We conclude that L. bracteata range is restricted to the Colorado River basin, whereas L. bergmanni sp.n. occurs only in upstream reaches of the Guadalupe River basin. Conservation actions are warranted for both species due to their restricted distributions and potential anthropogenic threats.
Relative costs of conserving threatened species across taxonomic groups
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth Robson , Butt Nathalie , Rosner‐Katz Hanna , Binley Allison D. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBias toward legally protecting and prioritizing charismatic taxonomic groups, such as mammals and birds, and against others, such as insects and plants, is well documented. However, the relative costs of conserving various taxonomic groups and the potential of these costs to interact with existing biases have been much less explored. We analyzed conservation programs across more than 2,000 species in 3 countries to investigate the costs of conserving species within taxonomic groups and how these costs might affect conservation planning. For each data set, we tested for differences in mean annual cost among taxonomic groups. For the data set from the United States, recovery plans differed in duration, so we also tested for differences in total costs among taxonomic groups. Although the costs for individual species varied widely, there were strong international consistencies. For example, mammals cost 8–26 times more on average to conserve than plants and 13–19 times more to conserve than aquatic invertebrates. On average, bird species cost 5–30 times more to conserve than plants and 6–14 times more to conserve than aquatic invertebrates. These cost differences could exacerbate unequal resource allocation among taxonomic groups such that more charismatic groups both receive more attention and require more resources, leading to neglect of other taxonomic groups.