bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colorectal surgeon's personality may influence the rectal anastomotic decision
Authors: Moug S. J. , Henderson N. , Tiernan J. , Bisset C. N. , Ferguson E. , Harji D. , Maxwell‐Armstrong C. , MacDermid E. , Acheson A. G. , Steele R. J. C. , Fearnhead N. S. ,   The Edinburgh Delphi Collaborative Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimColorectal surgeons regularly make the decision to anastomose, defunction or form an end colostomy when performing rectal surgery. This study aimed to define personality traits of colorectal surgeons and explore any influence of such traits on the decision to perform a rectal anastomosis.MethodFifty attendees of The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 Conference participated. After written consent, all underwent personality testing: alexithymia (inability to understand emotions), type of thinking process (intuitive versus rational) and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, emotional stability, conscientiousness). Questions were answered regarding anastomotic decisions in various clinical scenarios and results analysed to reveal any influence of the surgeon's personality on anastomotic decision.ResultsParticipants were: male (86%), consultants (84%) and based in England (68%). Alexithymia was low (4%) with 81% displaying intuitive thinking (reflex, fast). Participants scored higher in emotional stability (ability to remain calm) and conscientiousness (organized, methodical) compared with population norms. Personality traits influenced the next anastomotic decision if: surgeons had recently received criticism at a departmental audit meeting; were operating with an anaesthetist that was not their regular one; or there had been no anastomotic leaks in their patients for over 1 year.ConclusionColorectal surgeons have speciality relevant personalities that potentially influence the important decision to anastomose and could explain the variation in surgical practice across the UK. Future work should explore these findings in other countries and any link of personality traits to patient‐related outcomes.
Impact of insurance type on eligibility for advanced heart failure therapies and survival
Authors: Hutcheson Sarah Streeter , Phillips Victoria , Patzer Rachel , Smith Andrew , Vega J. David , Morris Alanna A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMedicaid insurance in Georgia provides limited reimbursement for heart transplant (HT) and left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). We examined whether insurance type affects eligibility for and survival after receipt of HT or LVAD.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively identified patients evaluated for HT/LVAD from 2012 to 2016. We used multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association of insurance type on treatment eligibility and 1‐year survival. Of 569 patients evaluated, 282 (49.6%) had private, 222 (39.0%) had Medicare, and 65 (11.4%) had Medicaid insurance. Patients with Medicaid were younger, more likely to be Black, with fewer medical comorbidities. In adjusted models, Medicare and Medicaid insurance predicted lower odds of eligibility for HT, but did not affect survival after HT. Among those ineligible for HT, Medicaid patients were less likely to receive destination therapy (DT) LVAD (adj OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01‐0.66; P = .02) and had increased risk of death (adj HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.13‐3.63; P = .01).ConclusionsDespite younger age and fewer comorbidities, patients with Medicaid insurance are less likely to receive DT LVAD and have an increased risk of death once deemed ineligible for HT. Medicaid patients in Georgia need improved access to DT LVAD.
Optimising management of deferasirox therapy for patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia and lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Kattamis Antonis , Aydinok Yesim , Taher Ali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEffective iron chelation therapy is an important part of treatment in patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia and lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Key strategies for optimising iron chelation therapy include ensuring good adherence and preventing and managing adverse events (AEs). Good adherence to iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine and deferasirox has been linked to improved survival and/or reductions in complications related to iron overload; however, maintaining good adherence to iron chelators can be challenging. Patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia or lower‐risk MDS showed better adherence to the deferasirox film‐coated tablet (FCT) formulation than to the deferasirox dispersible tablet formulation in the ECLIPSE trial, reflecting in part the improved palatability and convenience of deferasirox FCT. As well as affecting adherence, AEs may lead to dose reduction, interruption or discontinuation, resulting in suboptimal iron chelation therapy. Preventing and successfully managing AEs may help limit their impact on adherence, and following dosage and administration recommendations for iron chelators such as deferasirox may help minimise AEs and optimise treatment in patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia and lower‐risk MDS.
Effects of DLVO, hydration and osmotic forces among soil particles on water infiltration
Authors: Luo Y. X. , Li H. , Ding W. Q. , Hu F. N. , Li S. 
Published: June 2018

SummarySoil water infiltration is closely associated with the transport of nutrients and contaminants in soil. The physical mechanism by which electrolyte concentration influences water infiltration is not clear, however. Recent studies have shown that interaction forces between soil particles play a crucial role in the stability of soil aggregates and pores, which further affects soil water infiltration. In this research, column experiments were used to elucidate the effects of soil particle interaction forces on water infiltration in a permanently charged and a variably charged soil using different concentrations of KNO3 solutions (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mol l−1), and some interesting results on soil water infiltration were discovered. They indicated that: (i) four forces in soil (long‐range van der Waals attractive, electrostatic repulsive, hydration and osmotic repulsive forces) co‐determined the rate of soil water infiltration for both soil types tested, (ii) at smaller soil water content (large electrolyte concentration) the osmotic repulsive force became more important in soil water infiltration, and yet with a larger water content (small electrolyte concentration) the electrostatic repulsive force became more important, and (iii) the osmotic force affected water infiltration through its effect on particle interaction forces rather than its influence on the osmotic potential of water. This paper presents a quantitative description of how particle interaction forces affect water infiltration into soil.HighlightsElucidation of physical mechanisms of effects of clay charge and electrolyte concentration on soil water infiltration.
Quantified effects of interaction forces of soil particles on soil water infiltration.
Electrostatic repulsive and osmotic forces play a critical role in water infiltration.
DLVO, hydration and osmotic forces among soil particles co‐determined soil water infiltration rate.
Experience of a single center in the conservative approach of 20 consecutive cases of asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery aneurysms
Authors: Pourier V. E. C. , Welleweerd J. C. , Kappelle L. J. , Rinkel G. J. E. , Ruigrok Y. M. , van der Worp H. B. , Lo T. H. , Bots M. L. , Moll F. L. , de Borst G. J. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeThe clinical course and optimal treatment strategy for asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAAs) are unknown. We report our single‐center experience with conservative management of patients with an asymptomatic ECAA.MethodsA search in our hospital records from 1998 to 2013 revealed 20 patients [mean age 52 (SD 12.5) years] with 23 ECAAs, defined as a 150% or more fusiform dilation or any saccular dilatation compared with the healthy internal carotid artery. None of the aneurysms were treated and we had no pre‐defined follow‐up schedule for these patients. The primary study end‐point was the yearly rate for ipsilateral ischemic stroke. Secondary end‐points were ipsilateral transient ischemic attack, any stroke‐related death, other symptoms related to the aneurysm or growth defined as any diameter increase.ResultsThe ECAA was either fusiform (n = 6; mean diameter 10.2 mm) or saccular (n = 17; mean diameter 10.9 mm). Eleven (55%) patients with 13 ECAAs received antithrombotic medication. During follow‐up [median 46.5 (range 1–121) months], one patient died due to ipsilateral stroke and the ipsilateral cerebral stroke rate was 1.1 per 100 patient‐years (95% confidence interval, 0.01–6.3). Three patients had ECAA growth, two of whom were asymptomatic and one was the patient who suffered a stroke.ConclusionsIn this retrospective case series of patients with an asymptomatic ECAA, the risk of cerebral infarction is small but not negligible. Conservative management seems justified, in particular in patients without growth. Large prospective registry data are necessary to assess follow‐up imaging strategies and the role of antiplatelet therapy.
Physiological and proteomic analyses of Fe(III)‐reducing co‐cultures of Desulfotomaculum reducens MI‐1 and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA
Authors: Otwell Anne E. , Callister Stephen J. , Sherwood Robert W. , Zhang Sheng , Goldman Abby R. , Smith Richard D. , Richardson Ruth E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe established Fe(III)‐reducing co‐cultures of two species of metal‐reducing bacteria, the Gram‐positive Desulfotomaculum reducens MI‐1 and the Gram‐negative Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA. Co‐cultures were given pyruvate, a substrate that D. reducens can ferment and use as electron donor for Fe(III) reduction. G. sulfurreducens relied upon products of pyruvate oxidation by D. reducens (acetate, hydrogen) for use as electron donor in the co‐culture. Co‐cultures reduced Fe(III) to Fe(II) robustly, and Fe(II) was consistently detected earlier in co‐cultures than pure cultures. Notably, faster cell growth, and correspondingly faster pyruvate oxidation, was observed by D. reducens in co‐cultures. Global comparative proteomic analysis was performed to observe differential protein abundance during co‐culture vs. pure culture growth. Proteins previously associated with Fe(III) reduction in G. sulfurreducens, namely c‐type cytochromes and type IV pili proteins, were significantly increased in abundance in co‐cultures relative to pure cultures. D. reducens ribosomal proteins were significantly increased in co‐cultures, likely a reflection of faster growth rates observed for D. reducens cells while in co‐culture. Furthermore, we developed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays to quantitate specific biomarker peptides. The assays were validated in pure and co‐cultures, and protein abundance ratios from targeted MRM and global proteomic analysis correlate significantly.
Enterococcus faecalis induces apoptosis and pyroptosis of human osteoblastic MG63 cells via the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Ran S. , Chu M. , Gu S. , Wang J. , Liang J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the ability of E. faecalis to cause apoptosis and pyroptosis of human osteoblastic MG63 cells and whether the inflammasome is involved in this process.MethodologyMG63 cells were infected with E. faecalis at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 for 6 and 12 h. The cell proliferation was determined with the Cell Counting Kit‐8. Apoptosis and pyroptosis after E. faecalis infection was evaluated by flow cytometry and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay kit. Then, MG63 cells transfected with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the NLR family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) gene were infected with E. faecalis and subjected to the LDH release and apoptotic cell assays. One‐way anova test and Student–Newman–Keuls test were used to evaluate the differences amongst groups in each experiment. An independent sample t‐test was performed to analyse the differences between the 12‐ and 6‐h time‐points. P < 0.05 was regarded as significant.ResultsE. faecalis induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) of MG63 cells in a MOI dose‐dependent manner. The NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase‐1 were activated in E. faecalis‐infected MG63 cells. However, the percentages of induced apoptotic and pyroptic cell death decreased significantly when the NLRP3 inflammasome was downregulated using siRNAs (P < 0.05).ConclusionsE. faecalis promoted apoptosis and pyroptosis of MG63 cells via the NLRP3 inflammasome. This indicates that E. faecalis infection may result in the delayed reconstruction of periapical lesions, and NLRP3 is the potential target of new intracanal therapeutic agents.
Influenza illness averted by influenza vaccination among school year children in Beijing, 2013‐2016
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cao Zhidong , Costantino Valentina , Muscatello David J. , Chughtai Abrar A. , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe benefit of school‐based influenza vaccination policy has not been fully addressed in Beijing.ObjectivesTo evaluate the benefit of school‐based influenza vaccination policy launched in Beijing.MethodsUsing existing surveillance and immunization data, we developed a dynamic transmission model to assess the impact of influenza vaccination in school‐going children. The outcome was defined as the averted number of medically attended influenza illnesses and the prevented disease fraction to all children aged 5‐14 years for the 2013/14, 2014/15, and 2015/16 seasons.ResultsWe estimated that during the three consecutive influenza seasons, the averted number of medically attended influenza illnesses among children aged 5‐14 years was around 104 000 (95% CI: 101 000‐106 000), 23 000 (95% CI: 22 000‐23 000), and 21 000 (95% CI: 21 000‐22 000), respectively. Corresponding prevented fractions to all children aged 5‐14 years were 76.3%, 38.5%, and 43.9%.ConclusionsIn Beijing, school‐based vaccinations reduced a substantial number of medically attended influenza illnesses despite seasonal variation in the prevented fraction. This is strong supportive evidence for the continuation of school‐based vaccination programs to reduce the influenza burden in this age group.
How students read an e‐textbook in an engineering course
Authors: Gyllen J. , Stahovich T. , Mayer R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTime on task has been recognized as an important variable in academic learning, but self‐report measures of study time are problematic. Therefore, this study employs an automated system for recording time spent reading a course textbook. College students in an introductory engineering course accessed their textbook online. The book contained pages of instructional text, worked examples, homework problems, and answers to homework problems. An instrumented document reader program called “STL Reader” recorded the time each student spent on each page, thus providing detailed measures of reading habits. Across the 10‐week course, students spent an average of 1.9 hr reading instructional text, 1.4 hr on worked examples, 22.1 hr on homework problems, and 0.9 hr on homework answers, indicating a preference for practicing to solve test problems (i.e., self‐testing) rather than being told (i.e., receiving direct instruction). Furthermore, course grade (based largely on solving problems on exams and quizzes) correlated significantly and positively with time viewing homework problems, but not with time viewing either instructional text or worked examples, indicating that achievement was related to time spent practicing for solving test problems but not to time spent being instructed. Results suggest a revision of the time‐on‐task hypothesis to include the value of spending time on tasks aligned to test requirements.
Early caregiving predicts attachment representations in adolescence: findings from two longitudinal studies
Authors: O'Connor Thomas G. , Woolgar Matthew , Humayun Sajid , Briskman Jacqueline A. , Scott Stephen 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundA growing research base demonstrates that adolescents' construction of secure attachment relationships may underlie successful social and personal relationships and healthy behavioral adjustment. Little is known about the early caregiving origins of adolescent attachment security; this study provides some of the first data on this topic.MethodThe relative contribution of early and current caregiving quality to attachment security in adolescence was assessed in two longitudinal studies of a clinic‐referred and an at‐risk community sample using identical measures (n = 209). Quality of early parent–child relationships at age 3–7 years of age and parent–adolescent relationship quality at approximately 12 years were assessed using observational methods; psychosocial risk was derived from extensive interview and questionnaire assessments; adolescent attachment quality was assessed using a standard attachment interview.ResultsAnalyses indicated moderate stability in observed parent–child interaction quality from early childhood to adolescence. Observational ratings of both early childhood and current caregiving quality were significantly associated with adolescent attachment security; however, early caregiver sensitivity was more strongly associated with adolescent attachment security and predicted later attachment security independently from current caregiving quality. Follow‐up analyses indicated that this longitudinal prediction was significantly weaker in the clinic than in the at‐risk community sample.ConclusionsParental sensitive responding in childhood has enduring effects on attachment representation in adolescence, independent of current parenting relationship quality. These findings provide important new evidence supporting early parenting interventions for promoting youth well‐being and adjustment.
Loose Ties? Determinants of Father–Child Contact After Separation in Germany
Authors: Köppen Katja , Kreyenfeld Michaela , Trappe Heike 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis article examines the determinants of father–child contact in Germany after divorce and separation, with a special emphasis on the role of legal child support.BackgroundThe contact separated fathers have with their children is a policy‐relevant issue that has been intensively addressed in previous research for the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. For continental Europe, there has been far less research on this topic. This article investigated how fathers' union status at childbirth, custody arrangements, and past and present partnership dynamics affect the level of contact they had with their first‐born child from a prior union.MethodData were used from Wave 2 (2009–2010) to Wave 8 (2015–2016) of the German Family Panel pairfam (www.pairfam.de). With a final sample size of 285 fathers, population average logistic models were estimated that examined nonresident fathers' probability of having frequent contact versus having little or no contact with their first‐born children.ResultsWhether a nonresident father shared legal custody with the mother was a decisive factor in whether he had regular contact with his minor child, particularly if he was not living with the mother of the child at the time of delivery. There were strong interaction effects between having joint legal custody and the time since the parental separation. Joint legal custody did not have an immediate impact on father–child contact around the time of separation, but as time elapsed, men without joint legal custody were more likely to lose contact with their children than men with joint legal custody.ConclusionJoint legal custody may provide an institutional arrangement for separated parents to exercise their responsibility for the well‐being of their children and thus be conducive to regular father–child contact.
Literacy Learning Outcomes in a Longitudinal Study of a Postschool Literacy Education Program for Young Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Moni Karen , Jobling Anne , Baffour Bernie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is limited research about learning outcomes for young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in postschool education (PSE). This is a significant issue as PSE is a strong predictor of successful employment for individuals with ID. Tertiary education programs have been developed in several countries, including Australia. These programs remain rare and available to only a minority of young people. For several years, service organizations in the broader community in Australia and overseas have been developing educational programs particularly in literacy to meet the needs of this age group. However, many of these programs have been developed by practitioners with limited access to evidence‐based practice, leading to difficulties in providing evidence of their effectiveness. This paper reports the findings of a longitudinal study of the effects on literacy learning of an evidence‐based 2‐year postschool literacy program for individuals with ID. All students (n = 191) who completed the program from 1998 to 2013 were assessed for their receptive vocabulary, single word reading, and reading comprehension. These assessments were undertaken at entry to the program, the end of the first year, and on graduation. The quantitative analysis used a growth trajectory model to assess students' progress, accounting for age, disability, gender, maturation, and time. The results provide statistically significant (p < .001) evidence that individual students increased their scores in all of the assessments over time. The authors argue that appropriately designed long‐term PSE programs for literacy learning have the potential to enhance the language and literacy development of young adults with intellectual disabilities.
Fruit fossils of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) from the late Pliocene of northwestern Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Huang Yong‐Jiang , Zhu Hai , Momohara Arata , Jia Lin‐Bo , Zhou Zhe‐Kun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe subfamily Rosoideae Focke (Rosaceae) has a good fossil record in the Northern Hemisphere, but these fossil records are confined mainly to a few genera, whereas the majority, in particular those with herbaceous members, are still under‐represented. In this study, we describe new fruit fossils of Rosoideae, including Fragaria achenes and Rubus endocarps, from the late Pliocene of northwestern Yunnan, Southwest China. These fossils add new accounts to the fossil archive of Rosoideae and provide the first fossil record of Fragaria in East Asia. The new fossil findings provide a historical backdrop for the modern diversity and distribution of the subfamily in northwestern Yunnan, a topographically complex area accommodating a high diversity for many plant groups. Our Rubus fossils, in combination with other nearby coeval occurrences of the genus, suggest that Rubus was already establishing its modern diversity in northwestern Yunnan during the late Pliocene. This finding enriches our knowledge of the post‐Neogene diversification of flowering plants in northwestern Yunnan, which is thought to be largely driven by dramatic mountain uplifts and environmental complications associated with the southeastern extension of the Tibetan Plateau.