bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic implications of outpatient cardiac catheterisation in infants with single ventricle congenital heart disease
Authors: Colombo Jamie N. , Hainstock Michael R. , Spaeder Michael C. , Vergales Jeffery E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Resource utilisation for infants with single ventricle CHD remains high without well-studied ways to decrease economic burden. Same-day discharge following cardiac catheterisation has been shown to be safe and effective in children with CHD, but those with single ventricle physiology are commonly excluded. The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic implications of planned same-day discharge following cardiac catheterisation versus universal overnight hospital admission in infants with single ventricle CHD.Methods and Results:A probabilistic decision-tree analysis with sensitivity analyses was performed. All included patients were categorised into four possible outcomes; discharge, readmission following discharge (within 48 hours), observation and prolonged hospitalisation. Baseline probabilities of each node of the tree were then combined with the cost data to evaluate the comparative dominance of one decision (immediately discharge) versus the other decision (routinely admit). Patients discharged on the same day as the procedure accrued the lowest attributed hospital cost ($5469), while patients readmitted to the hospital had the highest attributed cost ($11,851). Currently, no other studies have assessed the cost of hospitalisation following cardiac catheterisation in this population. Thus, we allowed for a wide range of cost variation, but same-day discharge dominated the decision outcome with a lower economic burden.Conclusion:Same-day discharge following routine cardiac catheterisation in patients with single ventricle physiology is less costly compared to universal overnight admission. This demonstrates an important cost-limiting step in a complex population of patients who have high resource utilisation.
Consuming school meals improves Brazilian children’s diets according to their social vulnerability risk
Authors: Horta Paula Martins , Carmo Ariene Silva do , Junior Eliseu Verly , Santos Luana Caroline dos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To estimate usual diets among Brazilian children regarding the consumption of school meals and social vulnerability risks.Design:A cross-sectional study. School meal consumers were considered those children who reported consuming school meals ≥3 times/week. Social vulnerability risk was classified by an index. Dietary intake was evaluated by one 24 h dietary recall for the whole sample; a second 24 h dietary recall was administered in a sub-sample (38·6 %). The National Cancer Institute’s method was used to estimate children’s usual intake of nutrients and food groups.Setting:Municipal public schools from Belo Horizonte, Brazil.Participants:Children (n1357) aged 8–12 years.Results:Half of the sample lived in low/medium social vulnerability risk areas and 27·9 % were school meal non-consumers. School meal consumers more frequently lived in high/very high social vulnerability risk areas (76·2v. 68·7 %). Children with low/medium social vulnerability risk had a higher mean intake of thiamin (1·13v. 1·04 mg) and a lower mean intake of candy (1·35v. 1·42 g). Consumption of school meals among children under high/very high social vulnerability risk was associated with higher mean consumption of vitamin C (31·9v. 24·1 mg), unprocessed/minimally processed foods (956·3v. 851·9 g), fruits (128·5v. 90·9 g) and vegetables (58·2v. 47·1 g). Ultra-processed food product consumption was lower among school meal consumers (136·2v. 187·7 g), especially ultra-processed beverages (252·5v. 305·7 g).Conclusions:Consuming school meals was associated with a better usual diet quality, particularly among those with higher social vulnerability risk.
Insurance ratemaking using the Exponential-Lognormal regression model
Authors: Tzougas George , Yik Woo Hee , Mustaqeem Muhammad Waqar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with presenting the Exponential-Lognormal (ELN) regression model as a competitive alternative to the Pareto, or Exponential-Inverse Gamma, regression model that has been used in a wide range of areas, including insurance ratemaking. This is the first time that the ELN regression model is used in a statistical or actuarial context. The main contribution of the study is that we illustrate how maximum likelihood estimation of the ELN regression model, which does not have a density in closed form, can be accomplished relatively easily via an Expectation-Maximisation type algorithm. A real data application based on motor insurance data is examined in order to emphasise the versatility of the proposed algorithm. Finally, assuming that the number of claims is distributed according to the classic Negative Binomial and Poisson-Inverse Gaussian regression models, both the a priori and a posteriori, or Bonus–Malus, premium rates resulting from the ELN regression model are calculated via the net premium principle and compared to those determined by the Pareto regression model that has been traditionally used for modelling claim sizes.
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations to Evaluate Land Model Assumptions
Authors: Wieder William R. , Lawrence David M. , Fisher Rosie A. , Bonan Gordon B. , Cheng Susan J. , Goodale Christine L. , Grandy A. Stuart , Koven Charles D. , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Oleson Keith W. , Thomas R. Quinn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLand models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon‐nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta‐analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in gross primary productivity and an overall bias reduction, compared to FLUXNET‐MTE observations. Simulations with N and CO2 enrichment demonstrate that CLM transitioned from a model that exhibited strong nitrogen limitation of the terrestrial carbon cycle (CLM4) to a model that showed greater responsiveness to elevated concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere (CLM5). Overall, CLM5 simulations showed better agreement with observed ecosystem responses to experimental N and CO2 enrichment than previous versions of the model. These simulations also exposed shortcomings in structural assumptions and parameterizations. Specifically, no version of CLM captures changes in plant physiology, allocation, and nutrient uptake that are likely important aspects of terrestrial ecosystems' responses to environmental change. These highlight priority areas that should be addressed in future model developments. Moving forward, incorporating results from experimental manipulations into model benchmarking tools that are used to evaluate model performance will help increase confidence in terrestrial carbon cycle projections.
Response of Thermospheric Nightglow Emissions Over the Magnetic Equator to Prompt Penetration Electric Field Events
Authors: Vineeth C. , Ajesh A. , Pant T. K. , Ruohoniemi J. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the response of the nighttime thermosphere‐ionosphere system (TIS) over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E, 0.5° dip latitude) to prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) events occurred on 5 January 2016 and 6 March 2016. The investigation is based on nightglow emission measurements at wavelengths OI 777.4 nm, OI 630.0 nm, and OI 557.7 nm using a multiwavelength nighttime photometer. These emissions emanate from different altitude regions of the TIS, that is, 557.7 nm from ~100 km, 630.0 nm from ~220 km, and 777.4 nm from ~350 km. It has been observed that, during the westward PPEF event, the intensities of 777.4‐ and 630.0‐nm nightglow emissions enhance, whereas during the eastward PPEF event the intensities decrease. Similarly, though it is not very prominent, 557.7‐nm emission also exhibits a small enhancement/decrease during the westward/eastward PPEF events. The ionospheric base height obtained from a collocated digital ionosonde shows that during the eastward (westward) PPEF event the ionospheric layer moves upward (downward). The downward (upward) layer movement increases (decreases) the plasma density in the centroid of these airglow emissions, which in turn enhances (decreases) the emission rates. The study demonstrates the coupling between interplanetary medium and neutral TIS during nighttime PPEF events.
A Nonlinear Dynamical Systems‐Based Modeling Approach for Stochastic Simulation of Streamflow and Understanding Predictability
Authors: Rajagopalan Balaji , Erkyihun Solomon Tassew , Lall Upmanu , Zagona Edith , Nowak Kenneth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose a time series modeling approach based on nonlinear dynamical systems to recover the underlying dynamics and predictability of streamflow and to produce projections with identifiable skill. First, a wavelet spectral analysis is performed on the time series to identify the dominant quasiperiodic bands. The time series is then reconstructed across these bands and summed to obtain a signal time series. This signal is embedded in a D‐dimensional space with an appropriate lag τ to reconstruct the phase space in which the dynamics unfolds. Time‐varying predictability is assessed by quantifying the divergence of trajectories in the phase space with time, using Local Lyapunov Exponents. Ensembles of projections from a current time are generated by block resampling trajectories of desired projection length, from the K‐nearest neighbors of the current vector in the phase space. This modeling approach was applied to the naturalized historical and paleoreconstructed streamflow at Lees Ferry gauge on the Colorado River, which offered three interesting insights. (i) The flows exhibited significant epochal variations in predictability. (ii) The predictability of the flow quantified by Local Lyapunov Exponent is related to the variance of the flow signal and selected climate indices. (iii) Blind projections of flow during epochs identified as highly predictable showed good skill in capturing the distributional and threshold exceedance statistics and poor performance during low predictability epochs. The ability to assess the potential skill of these long lead projections opens opportunities to perceive hydrologic predictability and consequently water management in a new paradigm.
Socioeconomic Drivers of Global Blue Water Use
Authors: Soligno Irene , Malik Arunima , Lenzen Manfred 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe recent intensification of international trade has led to a growing disconnection between consumer demand for goods and services and the water resources that support them. The important role of household demands on the exploitation of distant freshwater resources is widely recognized, yet the different socioeconomic drivers underlying the trends in domestic and foreign water use remain poorly quantified. In this work, the main mechanisms governing the exploitation of domestic and foreign freshwater resources are quantified by undertaking a structural decomposition analysis over the period 1994–2010 in 186 countries. Our results show that growth in affluence has been the main determinant of rising water consumption trends worldwide. There are indications that consumers in developed countries tend to increase their affluence by intensifying the use of foreign water resources. Conversely, affluence growth in developing regions seems to rely on the exploitation of local water resources revealing a significant imbalance among economies. The growth of affluence and population has been only partially offset by improvements in the intensity of blue water use by producers and, to a lesser extent, by changes in the interdependences among sectors.
A quality improvement project to assess the use of preventative measures against acute alveolar osteitis
Authors: Mummery Toby Andrew , John Miriam , Stokes Susan Mary 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Aims
A quality improvement project was conducted in a General Dental Practice environment. The aim was to reduce the rate of Acute Alveolar Osteitis, which was locally found to be at 19.4%.

Methods
A range of quality improvement tools were utilised to determine and measure potential interventions, and the results from the initial Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle utilising perioperative 0.2% Chlorhexidine as a preventative method are presented.

Results
The use of perioperative 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash showed an absolute risk reduction of 6.2%.

Discussion
Generalisation from the results is highly dependent on local factors, although the favourable reduction in acute alveolar osteitis and cost savings found supported the project.

Conclusions
This project highlights the strengths of Quality Improvement methodologies in implementing and assessing changes to improve service provision and patient outcomes.
LINC01355 suppresses breast cancer growth through FOXO3-mediated transcriptional repression of CCND1
Authors: Ai Bolun , Kong Xiangyi , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Kai , Yang Xue , Zhai Jie , Gao Ran , Qi Yihang , Wang Jing , Wang Zhongzhao , Fang Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPreviously, several protein-coding tumor suppressors localized at 1p36 have been reported. In the present work, we focus on functional long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) embedded in this locus. Small interfering RNA was used to identify lncRNA candidates with growth-suppressive activities in breast cancer. The mechanism involved was also explored. LINC01355 were downregulated in breast cancer cells relative to non-malignant breast epithelial cells. Overexpression of LINC01355 significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. LINC01355 arrested breast cancer cells at the G0/G1 phase by repressing CCND1. Moreover, LINC01355 interacted with and stabilized FOXO3 protein, leading to transcriptional repression of CCND1. Importantly, LINC01355-mediated suppression of breast cancer growth was reversed by knockdown of FOXO3 or overexpression of CCND1. Clinically, LINC01355 was downregulated in breast cancer specimens and correlated with more aggressive features. There was a negative correlation between LINC01355 and CCND1 expression in breast cancer samples. LINC01355 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, which is ascribed to enhancement of FOXO3-mediated transcriptional repression of CCND1. Re-expression of LINC01355 may provide a potential therapeutic strategy to block breast cancer growth and progression.
Decoherence benchmarking of superconducting qubits
Authors: Burnett Jonathan J. , Bengtsson Andreas , Scigliuzzo Marco , Niepce David , Kudra Marina , Delsing Per , Bylander Jonas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe benchmark the decoherence of superconducting transmon qubits to examine the temporal stability of energy relaxation, dephasing, and qubit transition frequency. By collecting statistics during measurements spanning multiple days, we find the mean parameters $$\overline {T_1}$$

T

1

¯

= 49 μs and $$\overline {T_2^ \ast }$$

T

2

*

¯

= 95 μs; however, both of these quantities fluctuate, explaining the need for frequent re-calibration in qubit setups. Our main finding is that fluctuations in qubit relaxation are local to the qubit and are caused by instabilities of near-resonant two-level-systems (TLS). Through statistical analysis, we determine sub-millihertz switching rates of these TLS and observe the coherent coupling between an individual TLS and a transmon qubit. Finally, we find evidence that the qubit’s frequency stability produces a 0.8 ms limit on the pure dephasing which we also observe. These findings raise the need for performing qubit metrology to examine the reproducibility of qubit parameters, where these fluctuations could affect qubit gate fidelity.
Association of pre-season musculoskeletal screening and functional testing with sports injuries in elite female basketball players
Authors: Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Garbenytė-Apolinskienė Toma , Salatkaitė Saulė , Gudas Rimtautas , Trumpickas Vytenis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBasketball is one of the most popular sports in Lithuania, and participation in women’s basketball is on the rise. Pre-participation examinations, including musculoskeletal screening and functional performance testing, is an essential part of a multidisciplinary approach to prevent future injuries. Because the lower extremities are the most commonly-injured body area in basketball players. Assessing fundamental movement qualities is of utmost importance. The aim of our study was to determine if functional tests can predict sports injuries in elite female basketball players. A total of 351 records for professional female basketball players were screened during 2013–2016 season. We analysed functional characteristics before the season and used functional performance tests for injury risk assessment: the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), the lower quarter Y Balance test (YBT-LQ) and the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Data from 169 players’ records were analysed: 77 of them made it to the end of season without injury, making up the non-injured group, while 92 of them suffered lower limb sport injuries during the sport season (injury group). Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between groups. The most commonly encountered sports injuries in our population were those of knee 40.2% and ankle 38%. The injury group had a lower total FMS score (p = 0.0001) and higher total LESS score (p = 0.028) than non-injury group. The dynamic balance of lower limbs was similar in both groups. Imperfect functional movement patterns and poor jump-landing biomechanics during pre-season screening were associated with lower extremity injuries in elite female basketball players. Impairments of dynamic stability in the lower extremities were not associated with injury rates in our population. A combination of functional tests can be used for injury risk evaluation in female basketball players.
Genome-driven cell engineering review: in vivo and in silico metabolic and genome engineering
Authors: Landon Sophie , Rees-Garbutt Joshua , Marucci Lucia , Grierson Claire 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Producing ‘designer cells’ with specific functions is potentially feasible in the near future. Recent developments, including whole-cell models, genome design algorithms and gene editing tools, have advanced the possibility of combining biological research and mathematical modelling to further understand and better design cellular processes. In this review, we will explore computational and experimental approaches used for metabolic and genome design. We will highlight the relevance of modelling in this process, and challenges associated with the generation of quantitative predictions about cell behaviour as a whole: although many cellular processes are well understood at the subsystem level, it has proved a hugely complex task to integrate separate components together to model and study an entire cell. We explore these developments, highlighting where computational design algorithms compensate for missing cellular information and underlining where computational models can complement and reduce lab experimentation. We will examine issues and illuminate the next steps for genome engineering.
Probing the weak wind phenomenon in Galactic O-type giants
Authors: de Almeida E. S. G. , Marcolino W. L. F. , Bouret J.-C. , Pereira C. B. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. Analyses of Galactic late O dwarfs (O8-O9.5V stars) raised the “weak wind problem”: spectroscopic mass-loss rates (Ṁ) are up to two orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical values. We investigated the stellar and wind properties of Galactic late O giants (O8-O9.5III stars). These stars have luminosities log (L⋆ ∕ L⊙) ~ 5.2, which is the critical value (onset of weak winds) proposed in the literature.
Methods. We performed a spectroscopic analysis of nine O8-O9.5III stars in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical regions using the model atmosphere code CMFGEN.
Results. Stellar luminosities were adopted using calibrations from the literature. Overall, our model spectral energy distributions agree well with the observed ones considering parallaxes from the latest Gaia data release (DR2). The effective temperature derived from the UV region agrees well with the ones from the optical. As expected, the analysis of the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram shows that our sample is more evolved than late O dwarfs. From the UV region, we found Ṁ ~ 10−8 − 10−9M⊙ yr−1 overall. This is lower by ~0.9 − 2.3 dex than predicted values based on the (global) conservation of energy in the wind. The mass-loss rates predicted from first principles, based on the moving reversing layer theory, agree better with our findings, but it fails to match the spectroscopic Ṁ for the most luminous OB stars. The region of log (L⋆ ∕ L⊙) ~ 5.2 is critical for both sets of predictions in comparison with the spectroscopic mass-loss rates. CMFGEN models with the predicted Ṁ (the former one) fail to reproduce the UV wind lines for all the stars of our sample. We reproduce the observed Hα profiles of four objects with our Ṁ derived from the UV. Hence, low Ṁ values (weak winds) are favored to fit the observations (UV + optical), but discrepancies between the UV and Hα diagnostics remain for some objects.
Conclusions. Our results indicate weak winds beyond the O8-9.5V class, since the region of log (L⋆ ∕ L⊙) ~ 5.2 is indeed critical to the weak wind phenomenon. Since O8-O9.5III stars are more evolved than O8-9.5V, evolutionary effects do not seem to play a role in the onset of the weak wind phenomenon. These findings support that the Ṁ (for low luminosity O stars) in use in the majority of modern stellar evolution codes must be severely overestimated up to the end of the H-burning phase. Further investigations must evaluate the consequences of weak winds in terms of physical parameters for massive stars (e.g., angular momentum and CNO surface abundances).
Regionale Handlungsempfehlungen zur notärztlichen Versorgung Frühgeborener nach präklinischer Geburt für die Steiermark
Authors: Schwaberger Bernhard , Eichinger Michael , Martensen Johann , Baik-Schneditz Nariae , Pocivalnik Mirjam , Urlesberger Berndt 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie präklinische Frühgeburt stellt ein seltenes, aber herausforderndes Einsatzszenario dar. Spezielle Handlungsempfehlungen für die Erstversorgung von Frühgeborenen unter den präklinischen Bedingungen für das eintreffende Rettungsdienstpersonal und für Notärzte existierten bislang nicht. Es werden regionale Handlungsempfehlungen für die Versorgung Frühgeborener in der Präklinik vorgestellt, die nach einer Häufung derartiger Einsätze in der Steiermark ausgearbeitet wurden.