bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEM simulation of local field enhancement close to lamination interface of permittivity‐graded material
Authors: Kurimoto Muneaki , Ozaki Hiroya , Sawada Tooru , Funabashi Toshihisa , Kato Takeyoshi , Suzuoki Yasuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor size reduction of gas insulated switchgears (GIS), application of permittivity‐graded material to insulating spacer has been studied. The electric‐field‐enhancement close to the lamination interface of the permittivity‐graded material obtained by laminating epoxy composites with different permittivities was investigated. The FEM simulation revealed that the increase of the layer number of the permittivity‐graded material could reduce the field enhancement close by the lamination interface, even when considering electric field distortion near the individual high‐permittivity particles filled in each layer.
Seascape connectivity and the influence of predation risk on the movement of fishes inhabiting a back‐reef ecosystem
Authors: Rooker Jay R. , Dance Michael A. , Wells R. J. David , Quigg Antonietta , Hill Ronald L. , Appeldoorn Richard S. , Padovani Ferreira Beatrice , Boswell Kevin M. , Sanchez Phillip J. , Moulton David L. , Kitchens Larissa L. , Rooker Garrett J. , Aschenbrenner Alexandre 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mangrove–seagrass–patch reef (MSP) ecosystem serves as the principal back‐reef nursery for many reef fishes in the Caribbean, but the functional roles of habitats that form this seascape remain unclear. We assessed ecosystem and trophic connectivity of two common reef fishes (schoolmaster, Lutjanus apodus; white grunt, Haemulon plumierii) and one predator (great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda) in a Caribbean MSP ecosystem using acoustic telemetry and natural dietary tracers. Triangulated positions from an acoustic positioning system indicated that L. apodus and H. plumierii relied on multiple habitats within this MSP ecosystem, occupying areas with more cover (lower risk) during the day and areas with less cover (higher risk) at night. During the day, both species exhibited limited movement away from structured habitats (e.g., mangroves, patch reef) and avoided the primary activity space of S. barracuda in the central channel over sand bottom or seagrass. At night, L. apodus moved into the channel and adjacent seagrass beds on the margin of this high‐risk area when S. barracuda occurrence was reduced, suggesting that this species adjusts its foraging activities to minimize encounter rates with predators. Haemulon plumierii also displayed distinct day–night shifts with directed movements at twilight across higher risk habitat to nighttime locations in seagrass. Conspicuous changes in the rate of movement were also detected at different times of the day, and observed mismatches between movement rates of S. barracuda and our two potential prey species appeared to be a behavioral response to reduce their vulnerability. Dietary tracer analysis supported the premise that observed shifts to nocturnal habitats were associated with foraging, with significant contributions of organic matter derived from nighttime locations. Findings from this study clearly demonstrate that the configuration of habitats and spatiotemporal variability in predation risk are key determinants of movement and foraging activities for these species, indicating that an improved understanding of seascape connectivity is critical to the management of reef‐dependent species.
Oxidative Cleavage of Methyl 9,10‐Epoxystearate over WO3/MCM‐41 for Methyl 9‐Oxononanoate Production
Authors: Lu Meizhen , Peng Libo , Xie Qinglong , Nie Yong , Liu Xuejun , Lu Xianghong , Ji Jianbing 
Published: April 2018

At present, the utilization of grease has attracted more and more attention. This article presents a simple method that efficiently cleaves methyl oleate‐derived methyl 9,10‐epoxystearate (a) to give high yields of methyl 9‐oxononanoate (d) with nonanal (c) as co‐product. A WO3/MCM‐41 catalyst is prepared via direct mixed‐gel synthesis. The catalyst is tested in the oxidative cleavage of a to produce d which can be used as a polymer precursor or an important feedstock. The effects of WO3 loading, temperature, time, H2O2/a molar ratio, catalyst/a weight ratio, and t‐BuOH/a weight ratio on the a conversion and d yield are examined using single‐factor experiments. The optimal reaction conditions are determined by orthogonal experiments. The optimal WO3 loading, temperature, time, H2O2/a molar ratio, catalyst/a weight ratio, and t‐BuOH/a weight ratio are 35%, 80 °C, 20 min, 1.3, 0.04, and 0.5, respectively. Under these conditions, the a conversion and d yield reach 99.4 and 78.4%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst shows no significant decrease in activity after being reused three times. Moreover, the reaction mechanism is studied based on the product distribution over time.Practical Applications: Few studies on methyl 9,10‐epoxystearate used as the raw material to give methyl 9‐oxononanoate and nonanal are found. Because the ethylene oxide bond is more unstable than the carbon–carbon double bond, the oxidative cleavage of methyl 9,10‐epoxystearate is easier than cleavage of methyl oleate that allows the oxidative cleavage to be done under milder conditions. Methyl 9‐oxononanoate can be converted to a monomer of high‐value polymers and is also an important feedstock in the production of chemicals. The co‐product nonanal is a natural spice which can be used in the fragrance industry. The results show that the reaction time is short and methyl 9‐oxononanoate yield is high under mild reaction conditions. The method in this study can also be widely used in other oxidative cleavage reactions of epoxides.Methyl 9,10‐epoxystearate is used as the raw material to produce methyl 9‐oxononanoate with nonanal as co‐product using WO3/MCM‐41 as catalyst and H2O2 as oxidant.
Five years of health promoting work with bottle shops on the Central Coast of NSW Australia. How can we best ensure outlets check ID?
Authors: Bauer Lyndon , Smith Jeff , Kajons Nicole , Tutt Doug 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIssue AddressedAustralian surveys indicate that a large proportion of packaged liquor outlets do not check identification for young people before selling alcohol to them. There are a substantial number of presentations to Emergency Departments from young people aged 15 to 17 years. This subgroup is second only to those aged 18 to 24 years. In the 15‐ to 17‐year‐old age group, supply from direct purchase or underage friends, who have purchased alcohol, represents substantial sources of alcohol that is more likely to be consumed without parental supervision.MethodTeenagers 18‐19 years of age approached a randomly selected sample of bottle shops, on the NSW Central Coast Region, to attempt to purchase alcohol without producing identification (ID). Legally we are unable to test with teens under the age of 18. If outlets do not check ID for customers 18 or 19 years of age, we propose they might not check identification for 15‐ to 17‐year‐olds. A raft of local interventions was employed over four‐survey periods to attempt to reduce selling rates.ResultsThe lowest alcohol sales without ID occurred in 2015 when NSW Liquor and Gaming successfully prosecuted a Central Coast outlet for an underage sale. The rate of alcohol sales without checking ID each year was as follows: 2012–43.8%, 2014–37.55%, 2015–21.5% and 2016–45%.ConclusionAlcohol sales to young customers without checking ID are common, widespread and seemingly resistant to nonpunitive interventions. The NSW Liquor Act could be modified to allow compliance testing and much more practical enforcement. While Central Coast bottle shops have a better record than other Australian areas showing some improvements with our nonpunitive industry education interventions, the results need to improve substantially to stifle primary supply.
Psychometric properties of the MHC‐SF: An integration of the existing measurement approaches
Authors: Rogoza Radosław , Truong Thi Khanh Ha , Różycka‐Tran Joanna , Piotrowski Jarosław , Żemojtel‐Piotrowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current study is to test the factorial structure of the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF) in Asian population.MethodThe study was conducted across three different Vietnamese samples (N = 2741). We present a comparison of the existing measurement models of the MHC‐SF using two methodological approaches: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) (both in exploratory—using bi‐geomin rotation; and in confirmatory variant—using target rotation).ResultsThe current report supported the targeted bifactor ESEM solution as better describing the factorial structure of the MHC‐SF than the originally assumed three‐factor solution in all samples.ConclusionThe structure of the MHC‐SF is best represented as combination of the bifactor and ESEM model.
Qualitative analysis of the margins of restorations made with different filling resins
Authors: Ostapiuk Monika , Tarczydło Bożena , Surowska Barbara , Orłowski Mirosław , Tymczyna Barbara , Bachanek Teresa , Rzepecka Anna , Mróz Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: In this study the comparative results obtained from examinations of two different restorative composites with different cavities filling method are presented. Micro‐CT was used for the evaluation of the marginal integrity and quality of composite fillings in connection with microstructural investigations made by both optical and scanning electron microscopy.Materials and Methods: The examinations of dental tooth filings in bulk‐fill technique were based on micro‐CT and microscopy observations. Two different restorative composites were selected for the study, namely SonicFill‐ bulk fill and conventional Filtek Z550.Results: The experiment has shown that micro‐CT screening analysis for identification of individual components of tooth and fillings systems gives a high quality of images. Thanks to that it was possible to analyze and identify the porosity in the fillings. But the microscopy analysis has shown more information about the internal structure and quality of bonding between composite and enamel/dentin. The SonicFill gives better quality and bonding to structure of teeth than Filtek.Conclusions: SonicFill's filling have more homogenous structure than Filtec. It has a greater share of reinforcement in the form of polygonal particles, in Filtek particles have a shape close to spherical. Sonic Fill gives a better adhesion to tooth.Clinical Relevance: The evaluation of clinical relevance in this research is crucial to simplify the transfer of knowledge from research by materials engineering into practice in dentistry.
Demographic predictors of emotional intelligence among radiation therapists
Authors: Stami Trakis , Ritin Fernandez , Dominique Parrish 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionContemporary health care services are more productive and successful when their health professionals have emotional intelligence (EI). The objective of this study was to explore the demographic predictors of EI among radiation therapists working in cancer care centres in NSW, Australia.MethodsData were collected using a cross‐sectional self‐administered survey. Emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐ Short version (TEIQue – SF). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify if age, years of experience, gender, highest level of education obtained or level of current employment were predictors of EI.ResultsA total of 205 radiation therapists participated in this study. The mean scores for Global EI, emotionality, self‐control, wellbeing and sociability dimensions were 5.16 (SD = 0.6), 5.3 (SD = 0.7), 4.9 (SD = 0.9), 5.7 (SD = 0.8) and 4.7 (SD = 0.8) respectively. Age and level of current employment were identified as predictors of global EI. Gender and level of education were significant predictors of the EI emotionality dimension. Levels of employment along with level of education were both significant predictors of the sociability dimension of EI.ConclusionsBeing a young radiation therapist, female, and having higher levels of employment and higher levels of education were predictors of EI. Given that level of education and level of employment are both amendable demographic factors, strategies to address these factors to reduce the effects of emotional struggle experienced by radiation therapists in their work need to be implemented.
Buffer gas additives (modifiers/shift reagents) in ion mobility spectrometry: Applications, predictions of mobility shifts, and influence of interaction energy and structure
Authors: Fernandez‐Maestre Roberto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique used for fast and sensitive detection of illegal substances in customs and airports, diagnosis of diseases through detection of metabolites in breath, fundamental studies in physics and chemistry, space exploration, and many more applications. Ion mobility spectrometry separates ions in the gas‐phase drifting under an electric field according to their size to charge ratio. Ion mobility spectrometry disadvantages are false positives that delay transportation, compromise patient's health and other negative issues when IMS is used for detection. To prevent false positives, IMS measures the ion mobilities in 2 different conditions, in pure buffer gas or when shift reagents (SRs) are introduced in this gas, providing 2 different characteristic properties of the ion and increasing the chances of right identification. Mobility shifts with the introduction of SRs in the buffer gas are due to clustering of analyte ions with SRs. Effective SRs are polar volatile compounds with free electron pairs with a tendency to form clusters with the analyte ion. Formation of clusters is favored by formation of stable analyte ion‐SR hydrogen bonds, high analytes' proton affinity, and low steric hindrance in the ion charge while stabilization of ion charge by resonance may disfavor it. Inductive effects and the number of adduction sites also affect cluster formation. The prediction of IMS separations of overlapping peaks is important because it simplifies a trial and error procedure. Doping experiments to simplify IMS spectra by changing the ion‐analyte reactions forming the so‐called alternative reactant ions are not considered in this review and techniques other than drift tube IMS are marginally covered.
Time‐domain measurement of pure rotational Raman collisional linewidths of ethane C2H6
Authors: Zhang H. , Billard F. , Faucher O. , Lavorel B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe pure rotational Raman linewidths of the symmetric‐top molecule C2H6 are determined from a time‐resolved femtosecond experiment at room temperature and moderate pressure in a pump‐probe scheme. After excitation by a strong 100 fs‐duration nonresonant near infrared pump pulse, the molecular sample exhibits periodic post‐pulse alignment revivals that produce an anisotropic angular distribution of the molecular axis. Such molecular motion induces in turn a time‐dependent optical birefringence, which can be probed using a weak time‐delayed probe pulse. The Fourier transform of the temporal signal, recorded over a wide time delay range (several hundred picoseconds) for high frequency resolution, is directly related to the rotational Raman spectrum of ethane molecules. The Raman lines are analyzed with a frequency lineshape taking into account the collisional relaxation and the apparatus function. The linewidths are measured for rotational quantum numbers J=3 to J=30 in the pressure range 0.69–1.06 bar. A decrease of the collisional broadening coefficient is observed as J increases. These first measurements of pure rotational Raman linewidths of ethane are compared with previously reported infrared and far‐infrared values.
Factors influencing the choice of the Algarve region as a tourist destination: Does season matter?
Authors: Barreira Ana Paula , Cesário Marisa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe dissimilar ways in which tourists assess the attributes of a tourism destination in different seasons is an issue scarcely addressed in the literature. Here, we show that the characteristics of a tourism destination (the Algarve region, Portugal) are rated differently in peak (summer) and off‐peak (autumn/winter) seasons. Nationality is decisive in explaining the different assessments between seasons of the factors that group subsets of 17 attributes of the tourism destination. In general, the factors that are rated higher by domestic tourists during the summer are the same as those that are rated higher by foreign tourists in the autumn/winter.
Inducing Different Brain Injury Levels Using Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Divani Afshin A. , Salazar Pascal , Monga Manoj , Beilman Greg J. , SantaCruz Karen S. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of inducing different severities of shock wave (SW)‐induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) using lithotripsy.MethodsWistar rats (n = 36) were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 20) received 5 SW pulses, and group 2 (n = 16) received 15 SWs pulses. The SW pulses were delivered to the right side of the frontal cortex. Neurologic and behavioral assessments (Garcia test, beam walking, rotarod, and elevated plus maze) were performed at the baseline and at 3, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after injury. At day 7 after injury (168 hours), we performed cerebral angiography to assess the presence of cerebral vasospasm and vascular damage due to SW‐induced TBI. At the conclusion of the study, the animals were euthanized to assess damage to brain tissue using an overall histologic severity score.ResultsThe Garcia score was significantly higher, and the anxiety index (based on the elevated plus maze) was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (P < .05). The anxiety index for group 1 returned to the baseline level in a fast nonlinear fashion, whereas the anxiety index for group 2 followed a distinct slow linear reduction. Cerebral angiograms revealed a more severe vasospasm for the animals in group 2 compared to group 1 (P = .027). We observed a statistically significant difference in the overall histologic severity scores between the groups. The median (interquartile range) overall histologic severity scores for groups 1 and 2 were 3.0 (2.75) and 6.5 (6.0), respectively (P = .023).ConclusionsWe have successfully established different SW‐induced TBI severities in our SW‐induced TBI model by delivering different numbers of SW pulses to brain tissue.
Teatime on Mount Kilimanjaro: Assessing climate and land‐use effects on litter decomposition and stabilization using the Tea Bag Index
Authors: Becker Joscha N. , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDecomposition is one of the most important processes in ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and is a major factor controlling ecosystem functions. The functioning of Afromontane ecosystems and their ability to provide ecosystem services are particularly threatened by climate and land‐use change. Our objectives were to assess the effects of climatic conditions (elevation and seasonality) and land‐use intensity on litter decomposition and C stabilization in 10 ecosystems along the unique 3,000‐m elevation gradient of Mt. Kilimanjaro.Tea Bag Index parameters (decomposition‐rate‐constant k and stabilization‐factor S) were used to quantify decomposition of standardized litter substrate. Nine pairs of tea bags (green and rooibos tea) were exposed in each ecosystem during the short‐wet, warm‐dry, long‐wet and cold‐dry season.Decomposition rate increased from k = 0.007 in savanna (SAV; 950‐m elevation), up to a maximum of k = 0.022 in montane cloud forest (2,100 m). This was followed by a 50% decrease in (sub‐)alpine ecosystems (>4,000 m). SAV experienced the strongest seasonal variation, with 23‐times higher S values in dry season compared with wet season. The conversion of SAV to maize monocultures (~1,000 m) and traditional agroforestry to large‐scale coffee plantations (~1,300 m) increased mean k values, and stabilization factors were about one‐third lower.Forests between 1,900 and 2,100 m represent the zone of sufficient moisture and optimal temperature conditions. Seasonal moisture (lower slope) and temperature limitation (alpine zone) decreases litter decomposition. Mt. Kilimanjaro ecosystems are highly sensitive to land‐use change, which accelerates ecosystem cycles and decreases C stabilization.
Incorporating Si3N4 into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Marin Elia , Adachi Tetsuya , Lerussi Federica , Rondinella Alfredo , Boschetto Francesco , Zhu Wenliang , Kitajima Takashi , Inada Kosuke , McEntire Bryan J. , Bock Ryan M. , Bal B. Sonny , Mazda Osam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a popular polymeric biomaterial which is primarily used as an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion surgery; but it is developed for trauma, prosthodontics, maxillofacial, and cranial implants. It has the purported advantages of an elastic modulus which is similar to native bone and it can be easily formed into custom 3D shapes. Nevertheless, PEEK's disadvantages include its poor antibacterial resistance, lack of bioactivity, and radiographic transparency. This study presents a simple approach to correcting these three shortcomings while preserving the base polymer's biocompatibility, chemical stability, and elastic modulus. The proposed strategy consists of preparing a PEEK composite by dispersing a minor fraction (i.e., 15 vol%) of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) powder within its matrix. In vitro tests of PEEK composites with three Si3N4 variants—β‐Si3N4, α‐Si3N4, and β‐SiYAlON—demonstrate significant improvements in the polymer's osteoconductive versus SaOS‐2 cells and bacteriostatic properties versus gram‐positive Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. These properties are clearly a consequence of adding the bioceramic dispersoids, according to chemistry similar to that previously demonstrated for bulk Si3N4 ceramics in terms of osteogenic behavior (vs both osteosarcoma and mesenchymal progenitor cells) and antibacterial properties (vs both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria).
Counter‐stereotypical products: Barriers to their adoption and strategies to overcome them
Authors: Gill Tripat , Lei Jing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCounter‐stereotypical products (CSPs) are targeted at groups that are opposite to the stereotypical users of these products (e.g., face‐cream for men, construction tools for women). Such products entail adoption barriers, as they are associated with a dissociative out‐group (e.g., men avoid products used by women). A theoretical framework is developed to investigate such barriers by outlining consumers’ cognitive and affective responses to CSPs; namely: stereotyping (CSP is considered appropriate only for the stereotypical user group), subtyping/subgrouping (CSP is useful for certain individuals or subgroups), and derogating (disparaging the CSP due to a perceived threat to self). Study 1 verifies these responses and demonstrates their effect on the evaluation of CSPs targeting men versus women. Overall, CSPs targeting men faced more barriers than those targeting women, and this was especially so for publicly consumed CSPs (e.g., purse for men) as compared to privately consumed ones (e.g., hair‐remover for men). Study 2 examined the effect of a common marketing tool—product design color (e.g., using blue for men and pink for women)—in reducing the above barriers. It was found that blue is effective in reducing stereotype‐based barriers for CSPs targeting men. For CSPs targeting women, using pink was only effective for women scoring high on femininity, and it backfired for those scoring low on femininity.