bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology of a polymetallic nodule occurrence gradient: Implications for deep‐sea mining
Authors: Simon‐Lledó Erik , Bett Brian J. , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Schoening Timm , Benoist Noelie M. A. , Jones Daniel O. B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAbyssal polymetallic nodule fields constitute an unusual deep‐sea habitat. The mix of soft sediment and the hard substratum provided by nodules increases the complexity of these environments. Hard substrata typically support a very distinct fauna to that of seabed sediments, and its presence can play a major role in the structuring of benthic assemblages. We assessed the influence of seafloor nodule cover on the megabenthos of a marine conservation area (area of particular environmental interest 6) in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (3950–4250 m water depth) using extensive photographic surveys from an autonomous underwater vehicle. Variations in nodule cover (1–20%) appeared to exert statistically significant differences in faunal standing stocks, some biological diversity attributes, faunal composition, functional group composition, and the distribution of individual species. The standing stock of both the metazoan fauna and the giant protists (xenophyophores) doubled with a very modest initial increase in nodule cover (from 1% to 3%). Perhaps contrary to expectation, we detected little if any substantive variation in biological diversity along the nodule cover gradient. Faunal composition varied continuously along the nodule cover gradient. We discuss these results in the context of potential seabed‐mining operations and the associated sustainable management and conservation plans. We note in particular that successful conservation actions will likely require the preservation of areas comprising the full range of nodule cover and not just the low cover areas that are least attractive to mining.
Occurrence of CYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism in patients with ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity
Authors: Singh HariOm , Lata Sonam , Dhole T. N. , Gangakhedkar Raman R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatic enzyme cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) plays a role in the metabolism of efavirenz drugs. CYP2B6 516G>T variation showed an implication for HIV treatment.MethodsCYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism was genotyped in a total 165 HIV patients that include 34 with and 131 without hepatotoxicity and 155 healthy individuals by the PCR‐RFLP.ResultsIn patients with hepatotoxicity, the prevalence of CYP2B6 516TT genotype was higher as compared to healthy individuals (35.3% vs. 30.5%, OR = 1.74). Patients with hepatotoxicity using tobacco had a higher prevalence of genotypes CYP2B6 516GT, 516TT, 516GT+TT as compared to healthy individuals (28.57% vs. 25.93%; 57.14% vs. 29.63%; 85.71% vs. 55.56%). Likewise, hepatotoxicity in patients consuming alcohol showed higher distributions of CYP2B6 516GT, 516TT, 516GT+TT genotypes (57% vs. 25.93%; 42.86% vs. 33.33%; 71.43% vs. 59.26%). Nevirapine users with hepatotoxicity overrepresented genotypes CYP2B6 TT and 516GT+TT as compared to efavirenz users (47.83% vs. 45.45%, OR = 6.88, 65.22% vs. 54.55%, OR = 1.56). Similarly, in nevirapine +alcohol users with hepatotoxicity, the frequency of CYP2B6 516GT, 516GT+TT genotypes was higher than with nevirapine +alcohol nonusers (40.0% vs. 11.11%, OR = 8.00, 80.0% vs. 27.78%, OR = 4.00). In HIV patients, nevirapine users had higher frequency of CYP2B6 516GT, 516GT+TT genotypes as compared to efavirenz users (42.02% vs. 25.00%, OR = 2.53; 72.27% vs. 58.33%, OR = 1.86). Likewise, in HIV patients, genotypes CYP2B6 516GT, 516GT+TT were predominant with nevirapine +alcohol users as compared to nevirapine +alcohol nonusers (57.89% vs. 34.57%, OR = 2.46; 78.95% vs. 69.14%, OR = 1.67). In multivariate logistic regression, taking nevirapine had a protection for severity of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 0.23, p = 0.005).ConclusionsNo significant association was detected between CYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism and susceptibility to ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity.
Stiffness pathologies in discrete granular systems: Bifurcation, neutral equilibrium, and instability in the presence of kinematic constraints
Authors: Kuhn Matthew R. , Prunier Florent , Daouadji Ali 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe paper develops the stiffness relationship between the movements and forces among a system of discrete interacting grains. The approach is similar to that used in structural analysis, but the stiffness matrix of granular material is inherently nonsymmetric because of the geometrics of particle interactions and of the frictional behavior of the contacts. Internal geometric constraints are imposed by the particles' shapes, in particular, by the surface curvatures of the particles at their points of contact. Moreover, the stiffness relationship is incrementally nonlinear, and even small assemblies require the analysis of multiple stiffness branches, with each branch region being a pointed convex cone in displacement space. These aspects of the particle‐level stiffness relationship give rise to three types of microscale failure: neutral equilibrium, bifurcation and path instability, and instability of equilibrium. These three pathologies are defined in the context of four types of displacement constraints, which can be readily analyzed with certain generalized inverses. That is, instability and nonuniqueness are investigated in the presence of kinematic constraints. Bifurcation paths can be either stable or unstable, as determined with the Hill–Bažant–Petryk criterion. Examples of simple granular systems of three, 16, and 64 disks are analyzed. With each system, multiple contacts were assumed to be at the friction limit. Even with these small systems, microscale failure is expressed in many different forms, with some systems having hundreds of microscale failure modes. The examples suggest that microscale failure is pervasive within granular materials, with particle arrangements being in a nearly continual state of instability.
Cover Image, Volume 68, Issue 4
Authors: Jagtap Siddheshwar , Dalvi Vishal , Sankar Kalleta , Ratna Debdatta 
Published: March 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Enhancement of orientation of rigid polymer blocks by incorporating rod‐coil block copolymer chains into metal‐organic frameworks by Jin Wang et al. DOI: 10.1002/pi.5766.
image
Proteomic Analysis of Stromal and Epithelial Cell Communications in Human Endometrial Cancer Using a Unique 3D Co‐Culture Model
Authors: Al‐Juboori Aminah Ali Abid , Ghosh Arnab , Jamaluddin Muhammad Fairuz Bin , Kumar Manish , Sahoo Subhransu Sekhar , Syed Shafiq Mukhtar , Nahar Pravin , Tanwar Pradeep Singh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpithelial and stromal communications are essential for normal uterine functions and their dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including infertility, endometriosis, and cancer. Although many studies have highlighted the advantages of culturing cells in 3D compared to the conventional 2D culture system, one of the major limitations of these systems is the lack of incorporation of cells from non‐epithelial lineages. In an effort to develop a culture system incorporating both stromal and epithelial cells, 3D endometrial cancer spheroids are developed by co‐culturing endometrial stromal cells with cancerous epithelial cells. The spheroids developed by this method are phenotypically comparable to in vivo endometrial cancer tissue. Proteomic analysis of the co‐culture spheroids comparable to human endometrial tissue revealed 591 common proteins and canonical pathways that are closely related to endometrium biology. To determine the feasibility of using this model for drug screening, the efficacy of tamoxifen and everolimus is tested. In summary, a unique 3D model system of human endometrial cancer is developed that will serve as the foundation for the further development of 3D culture systems incorporating different cell types of the human uterus for deciphering the contributions of non‐epithelial cells present in cancer microenvironment.
Architecting federations of systems: A framework for capturing synergy
Authors: Lluch Ignasi , Golkar Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper defines Federations of Systems, introduces a tailored architecting framework, and demonstrates it in a satellite design case study. While certainly not being new concepts in the literature, federations are a class of Systems of Systems (SoS) that have not been extensively explored due to the scarcity of applied examples and still few practitioners facing their specific design challenges. This is expected to change with the advent of the Internet of Things, Machine to Machine applications, collaborative consumption, and Federated Satellite Systems. It has become henceforth necessary to develop approaches in design and architecting capable of addressing such interconnected sets of systems.Federations are SoS characterized by the absence of global goals and stakeholders, and cooperation enabled only on an opportunistic basis. Systems engage in federations when the perceived benefit exceeds the costs of the necessary interfaces. The proposed framework quantifies the upper limits to the net benefits of cooperation between systems through the concept of synergy. Using synergy as a heuristic to navigate federated design spaces, the framework predicts the appearance and evolution of federations.The demonstration of the framework in a six‐satellite federation shows that advantages of federating emerge with the collaboration between just two systems. Interface costs, architectural cost preferences, and network topology drive the achievable benefits. Specifically, when considering communication architectures under 80 MUSD for satellite systems, federating is advantageous when the interface lifecycle costs are below 15 MUSD. This demonstration case exemplifies how federating can assist systems in achieving design points that dominate the solutions of their local tradespace.
Flight patterns in zoo‐housed fruit bats (Pteropus spp.)
Authors: Bell Edward , Price Eluned , Balthes Samantha , Cordon Matthew , Wormell Dominic 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaintaining the capacity for sustained flight in captivity is a key goal for the management of threatened fruit bats. We developed quantifiable descriptions of flight complexity and used them to assess the suitability of an enclosure for two species of fruit bat of differing size, the large Livingstone's fruit bat, Pteropus livingstonii, and the smaller Rodrigues fruit bat, Pteropus rodricensis, in a two‐part study. In Phase 1, Rodrigues fruit bats flew more often than Livingstone's fruit bats and although the majority of flights in both species were linear, Rodrigues fruit bats were more likely to display complex flight paths involving turns, while flights by Livingstone's fruit bats were more likely to end in a crash‐landing than Rodrigues fruit bat flights. The enclosure may therefore not have been large enough for Livingstone's fruit bats to display a full range of flight behavior over longer distances. In Phase 2, juvenile Livingstone's fruit bats ( < 3 years old) flew more than twice as often as younger adults (3–10 years old) did. Older adult Livingstone's fruit bats over the age of 10 years were not observed to fly. We could not separate out the effects of age, weight and environment during development as these factors were strongly correlated in our study; future work in this area will be very important in understanding the factors that affect flight in captive bats, and how it can be encouraged by appropriate enclosure design.
Compact G2 holonomy spaces from SU(3) structures
Authors: Andriolo S. , Shiu G. , Triendl H. , Van Riet T. , Venken G. , Zoccarato G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe construct novel classes of compact G2 spaces from lifting type IIA flux backgrounds with O6 planes. There exists an extension of IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds for which some of the D6 branes (required to solve the RR tadpole) are dissolved inF2fluxes. The backreaction of these fluxes deforms the Calabi-Yau manifold into a specific class of SU(3)-structure manifolds. The lift to M-theory again defines compact G2 manifolds, which in case of toroidal orbifolds are a twisted generalisation of the Joyce construction. This observation also allows a clear identification of the moduli space of a warped compactification with fluxes. We provide a few explicit examples, of which some can be constructed from T-dualising known IIB orientifolds with fluxes. Finally we discuss supersymmetry breaking in this context and suggest that the purely geometric picture in M-theory could provide a simpler setting to address some of the consistency issues of moduli stabilisation and de Sitter uplifting.
The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review
Authors: Kaunda Joseph Sakah , Zhang Ying-Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the genusSolanumhas received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies. Solanumis the largest genus in the family Solanaceae, comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, e.g., China, India and Japan. Many of them are economically significant species. Previous phytochemical investigations onSolanumspecies led to the identification of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, phenolic comopunds, coumarins, amongst other compounds. Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT), colorectal cancer (HCT116, HT29, and SW480), and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phenols. This review features 65 phytochemically studied species ofSolanumbetween 1990 and 2018, fetched from SciFinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wikipedia and Baidu, using “Solanum” and the species’ names as search terms (“all fields”).
The Shirts of the Donso Hunters: materiality and power between concealment and visual display
Authors: Ferrarini Lorenzo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:This article looks at the characteristic shirts of thedonso, or initiated Mande hunters. Often described in the literature as visual displays of the wearer’s power, in the context of contemporary Burkina Faso these shirts are instead an example of how hunters deal with representations of power through an aesthetics of concealment (Ferme 2001). An excess of display is conversely connected with the politics of state-recognized hunters’ associations. Issues of ecological change, local conceptions of power, and contemporary struggles with state authority intersect in the practices and discourses on hunters’ shirts.
The Invisible Social Body: Experience and Poro Ritual in Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Förster Till 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:Secrecy and its performative display have been privileged perspectives in the study ofporoand similar power associations in West Africa. I develop an alternative understanding of the Senufo poro as an institution that fosters and sustains bodily experience, establishing an all-embracing sensory regime for members as well as non-members in their villages. Participation in nighttime funerary rites creates the image of an invisible social body, and shared bodily experience informs collective intentionality towards the social. Serving as a stable nodal point in everyday discourse, this function contributes to the recent revitalization of poro associations in Côte d’Ivoire’s post-conflict society.
Mande hunters and the state: cooperation and contestation in post-conflict Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Heitz-Tokpa Kathrin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:This article analyzes the relationship between Mande hunters (dozos) and the Ivorian state in the prefecture of Ouangolodougou in northern Côte d’Ivoire. Having adopted a prominent security role during the violent conflict of 2002–2011, dozos have made continuing efforts to maintain their position in the post-conflict state. To negotiate their position, they draw on a performative repertoire, such as the display of powerful attributes in the context of processions. Although they have had to concede some more strategic and profitable activities to the reestablished state, dozo chiefs effectively govern the rural northern borderlands of Côte d’Ivoire.
Guest Editors’ Introduction to the Power of Performance—the Performance of Power Forum
Authors: Förster Till , Sanogo Aïdas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:The West African savannah is an area where old and new institutions fill the lacunae that limited statehood has left. Some of them claim a long history, others have emerged recently as a reaction to military and civil crises. The performance of power, its display and presentation, is a theme that all these associations share. They do so on different occasions and by different means, which highlights their diverging ethics and attitudes towards their local communities and the state. This introduction to the guest edited forum outlines central themes of these performances and discusses performativity in West African power associations.
Making the implicit quality standards and performance expectations for traditional legal scholarship explicit
Authors: Snel Marnix 
Published: March 2019

AbstractScholars in search of quality standards for traditional legal scholarship could well end up disappointed. By answering the question concerning what standards legal academics use for evaluating such works—through reviewing the international literature on evaluative standards and interviews with forty law professors—this Article aims at filling this gap. This Article recommends that traditional legal scholarship is judged by using the following criteria: (1) the conceptual design—a clearly formulated research question that is both original and significant and the adequacy of the methods proposed to answer that question; (2) the composition of a particular line of reasoning—does the researcher adhere to principles of accountability, accuracy, balance, and credibility?; and (3) the overall characteristics of a work of scholarship—the readability and persuasiveness of the whole and the extent to which the researcher managed to identify and clarify the presuppositions that may have potentially affected her inquiry.
The Basset problem with dynamic slip: slip-induced memory effect and slip–stick transition
Authors: Premlata A. R. , Wei Hsien-Hung 
Published: March 2019

When there exists slip on the surface of a solid body moving in an unsteady manner, the extent of slip is not fixed but constantly changes with the time-varying Stokes boundary layer thickness$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$in competition with the slip length$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$. Here we revisit the unsteady motion of a slippery spherical particle to elucidate this dynamic slip situation. We find that even if the amount of slip is minuscule, it can dramatically change the characteristics of the history force, markedly different from those due to non-spherical and fluid particles (Lawrence & Weinbaum,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 171, 1986, pp. 209–218; Yang & Leal,Phys. FluidsA, vol. 3, 1991, pp. 1822–1824). For an oscillatory translation of such a particle of radius$a$, two distinctive features are identified in the frequency response of the viscous drag: (i) the high-frequency constant force plateau of$O(a/\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})$much greater than the steady drag due to a constant shear stress caused by$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$much thinner than$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$and (ii) the persistence of the plateau while lowering the frequency until the slip–stick transition point$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, beyond which$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$becomes thicker and the usual Basset decay reappears. Similar features can also be observed in the short-term force response for the particle subject to a sudden movement, as well as in the behaviour of the torque when it undergoes rotary oscillations. In addition, for both translational and rotary oscillations, slip can further introduce a phase jump from the no-slip value to zero in the high-frequency limit. As these features and the associated slip–stick transitions become more evident as$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$becomes smaller and are exclusive to the situation where surface slip is present, they might have potential uses for extracting the slip length of a colloidal particle from experiments.
Selecting the Most Reliable 14C Dating Material Inside Mortars: the Origin of the Padua Cathedral
Authors: Addis Anna , Secco Michele , Marzaioli Fabio , Artioli Gilberto , Arnau Alexandra Chavarría , Passariello Isabella , Terrasi Filippo , Brogiolo Gian Pietro 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to radiocarbon (14C) date a building, several components of the mortar could be used, such as the mortar binder, the lime lumps, the charcoal particles and shell fragments eventually present among the aggregates. In particular, the mortar binder requires a purification treatment in order to separate it from other sources of carbon, which could change the 14C signature of the binder invalidating the dating process. Here, we present the application of the Cryo2Sonic method to 14C dating of the ancient building structures unearthed during excavation at the Padua Cathedral complex. The dated samples were pretreated by using Cryo2Sonic method and the improved Cryo2Sonic version 2.0, recently developed by introducing additional steps such as centrifugation of the mortar suspension and gravimetric sedimentation of the binder fractions. The Cryo2Sonic version 2.0 relies heavily on the characterization of the mortar and of the purified binder fractions, allowing the isolation of a reliable 14C datable mortar fraction. Through this new method, the 14C dating of different ancient structures excavated next to the Padua Cathedral allow to identify the first religious complex of the city of Padua (3rd–4th centuries AD).
Soil conservation service on the Tibetan Plateau, 1984–2013
Authors: SUN Jian , LIU Yu , ZHOU Tiancai , LIU Guohua , WANG Jingsheng 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSoil erosion can pose a serious problem to environmental quality and sustainable development. On the Tibetan Plateau, soil erosion is one of the main challenges to regional ecological security. Our analysis investigates soil erosion and evaluates its economic value in alpine steppe, alpine meadow, alpine desert steppe and forest ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. Analysis was carried out from 1984 to 2013. The results show that the annual average potential soil erosion, practical soil erosion and soil conservation calculated by the Revised University Soil Loss Equation model were 2.19×109ta–1, 2.16×109ta–1 and 2.72×107ta–1, respectively. The economic value of retaining soil nutrients, reducing the formation of wasteland and the economic benefit of reducing sediment deposition were 1.98×108RMBa–1, 2.55×1012RMBa–1 and 7.44×104RMBa–1, respectively. From comparing different ecosystems, we found that the forest ecosystem had the greatest soil retention and economic values. We also found that the potential and actual soil erosion values were extremely high on the Tibetan Plateau. The study highlights that state and local policymakers must give greater emphasis to ecological protection in the future.