bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between chronotype, MTNR1B genotype and risk of type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank
Authors: Tan X. , Ciuculete D.‐M. , Schiöth H.B. , Benedict C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between the MTNR1B G risk allele, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronotype in the UK Biobank.MethodsData from the baseline investigation of the UK Biobank were utilized (n = 337 083 White British; mean age: 56.9 years; 54% women). MTNR1B rs10830963 was directly genotyped [CC (reference group), CG and GG]. Chronotype was divided into four categories: definitely morning (reference group); more morning than evening; more evening than morning; and definitely evening. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2D, controlling for age, sex and other confounders.ResultsCarriers of the rs10830963 risk allele had a higher risk of T2D [CG vs. CC: OR (95% CI) 1.10 (1.07, 1.15); GG vs. CC: 1.21 (1.14, 1.29)]. Compared with definitely morning chronotype, participants with definitely evening chronotype exhibited the highest risk of T2D [1.25 (1.17, 1.33)]. Despite a nonsignificant interaction between chronotype and the risk allele [0.98 (0.94, 1.01), P = 0.176 for interaction term], we found that definitely evening chronotype (vs. definitely morning) was linked with a higher risk of T2D amongst CC and CG but not GG carriers. Additionally, we saw that the GG genotype (vs. CC) was associated with a higher risk of T2D across all chronotype categories, except for definitely evening.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the MTNR1B G risk allele and late chronotype increase the risk of T2D. The association between late chronotype and higher risk of T2D appears to vary across MTNR1B rs10830963 genotypes.
Distribution and multiplication of Ralstonia solanacearum strain race 1 biovar 4 in vegetable sweet potato cuttings
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jeng , Lin Yi‐Sheng , Pan Hui‐Ru , Chung Wen‐Hsin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum (RS) race 1 biovar 4 (R1bv4), causal agent of bacterial wilt in vegetable sweet potato (VSP), is often latent in VSP vines and is important in introduction of the pathogen to newly planted fields. In this study, the effects of biological and environmental factors on the distribution and multiplication of R1bv4 in VSP tissues were examined. Based on stem‐injection inoculation, the R1bv4strain of NC01 could cause 49.0% and 33.0% wilting on VSP cultivars TN71 and WS, respectively. The populations of NC01 in diseased TN71 and WS were 108–109 cfu/g tissue at 28th day after inoculation. On the other hand, the R1bv4 could not cause symptom in cultivars of TN57 and VSPSL‐1 vine and the NC01 was confined to near the injection sites. Temperature tests indicated that NC01 could cause 28.0% and 14.0% wilting on cultivar TN71 at 28 and 20°C, respectively. Moreover, the populations of NC01in diseased plants were 1.6 × 109 and 7.9 × 108 cfu/g tissue at 28 and 20°C, respectively. The distribution of NC01 in VSP stem indicated that the isolation frequency of NC01 was lower than 31.0% in terminal shoots or erect stems and 45.0 to 100.0% in creeping stem after 8 wks planted in infested soil (106 cfu/g soil). The results demonstrated that terminal shoots or erect stems were not common carrier for transmitting R1bv4. Furthermore, two R1bv4 strains, NC01 and HsinT01, were examined the ability for latent infection on cv. TN71. The results revealed that NC01 and HsinT01 showed different ability of latent infection on cultivar TN71. NC01 had lower percentage (46.8% and 45.1%) than HsinT01 (93.4% and 75.3%) at 20 and 28°C.
Bottlenecks and predictors of coverage and adherence outcomes for a micronutrient powder program in Ethiopia
Authors: Tumilowicz Alison , Habicht Jean‐Pierre , Mbuya Mduduzi N.N. , Beal Ty , Ntozini Robert , Rohner Fabian , Pelto Gretel H. , Fisseha Tezera , Haidar Jemal , Assefa Nigussie , Wodajo Hana Yemane , Wolde Telahun Teka , Neufeld Lynnette M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA theory‐driven evaluation was conducted to assess performance of a trial to deliver micronutrient powder (MNP) through the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. We adapted an approach to coverage assessment, originally developed to identify bottlenecks in health service delivery, to examine sequential program outcomes and their correlates using cross‐sectional survey data of caregivers of children 6–23 months (N = 1915). Separate multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios of conceptually relevant determinants of coverage and adherence. Caregivers of children >11 months were more likely to have received MNP than caregivers of younger infants, yet children 12–17 months were 32% (P < 0.001) and children 18–23 months 38% (P < 0.001) less likely to have been fed MNP in the 14 days preceding the survey than children 6–11 months. Among caregivers who initiated feeding MNP, the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuing use were not obtaining additional supply (36.1%) and perceived child rejection of food with MNP (22.9%). For each additional time a caregiver met with frontline workers in the 3 months preceding the survey, they were 13% more likely to have recently fed MNP (P < 0.001). Caregivers' perception that MNP produced positive changes in children was associated with a 14% increase in the likelihood of having recently fed it (P < 0.001). These results emphasize the importance of counselling for MNP and infant and young child feeding for initial use and the importance of multiple contacts with frontline workers for continued use.
Host‐induced gene silencing of BcTOR in Botrytis cinerea enhances plant resistance to grey mould
Authors: Xiong Fangjie , Liu Mei , Zhuo Fengping , Yin Huan , Deng Kexuan , Feng Shun , Liu Yudong , Luo Xiumei , Feng Li , Zhang Shumin , Li Zhengguo , Ren Maozhi 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBotrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould for more than 200 plant species, including economically important vegetables, fruits and crops, which leads to economic losses worldwide. Target of rapamycin (TOR) acts a master regulator to control cell growth and proliferation by integrating nutrient, energy and growth factors in eukaryotic species, but little is known about whether TOR can function as a practicable target in the control of plant fungal pathogens. Here, we characterize TOR signalling of B. cinerea in the regulation of growth and pathogenicity as well as its potential value in genetic engineering for crop protection by bioinformatics analysis, pharmacological assays, biochemistry and genetics approaches. The results show that conserved TOR signalling occurs, and a functional FK506‐binding protein 12 kD (FKBP12) mediates the interaction between rapamycin and B. cinerea TOR (BcTOR). RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis revealed that BcTOR displayed conserved functions, particularly in controlling growth and metabolism. Furthermore, pathogenicity assay showed that BcTOR inhibition efficiently reduces the infection of B. cinerea in plant leaves of Arabidopsis and potato or tomato fruits. Additionally, transgenic plants expressing double‐stranded RNA of BcTOR through the host‐induced gene silencing method could produce abundant small RNAs targeting BcTOR, and significantly block the occurrence of grey mould in potato and tomato. Taken together, our results suggest that BcTOR is an efficient target for genetic engineering in control of grey mould, and also a potential and promising target applied in the biocontrol of plant fungal pathogens.
JMJ14 encoded H3K4 demethylase modulates immune responses by regulating defence gene expression and pipecolic acid levels
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Ruiying , Singh Deepjyoti , Yuan Xinyu , Kachroo Pradeep , Raina Ramesh 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Epigenetic modifications have emerged as an important mechanism underlying plant defence against pathogens. We examined the role of JMJ14, a Jumonji (JMJ) domain‐containing H3K4 demethylase, in local and systemic plant immune responses in Arabidopsis.

The function of JMJ14 in local or systemic defence response was investigated by pathogen growth assays and by analysing expression and H3K4me3 enrichments of key defence genes using qPCR and ChIP‐qPCR. Salicylic acid (SA) and pipecolic acid (Pip) levels were quantified and function of JMJ14 in SA‐ and Pip‐mediated defences was analysed in Col‐0 and jmj14 plants.

jmj14 mutants were compromised in both local and systemic defences. JMJ14 positively regulates pathogen‐induced H3K4me3 enrichment and expression of defence genes involved in SA‐ and Pip‐mediated defence pathways. Consequently, loss of JMJ14 results in attenuated defence gene expression and reduced Pip accumulation during establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Exogenous Pip partially restored SAR in jmj14 plants, suggesting that JMJ14 regulated Pip biosynthesis and other downstream factors regulate SAR in jmj14 plants.

JMJ14 positively modulates defence gene expressions and Pip levels in Arabidopsis.
An investigation of physical activity among adults in Turkey using the Omaha System
Authors: Kaya Sura , Secginli Selda , Olsen Jeanette M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the physical activity (PA) and associated factors among insufficiently active adults attending Family Health Centers in Istanbul, Turkey using the Omaha System.Design and SampleThis descriptive‐correlational study guided by the Ecological Model for Health Promotion used a convenience sample of 335 Turkish adults with insufficient PA behavior defined as an Omaha System PA Behavior rating <4.MeasurementsMeasures included Omaha System problems; Knowledge, Behavior, and Status ratings; demographics; and ecological factors operationalized with the Omaha System Problem Classification Scheme. Data were analyzed using chi‐square, independent t tests, and logistic regression.ResultsParticipants were females (76.7%) and males (23.3%) with a mean age of 38.5 years. Almost half (43.6%) engaged in no appropriate PA Behavior. The most common Physiological, Psychosocial, and Environmental domain problem were oral health (61.2%), mental health (21.5%), and neighborhood/workplace safety (41.2%), respectively. Logistic regression revealed marital status, age, sex, and physiological and environmental domain problems significantly predicted PA behavior.ConclusionsInterventions tailored to insufficiently active Turkish adults should include assessing for physiological health problems; targeting older, married adults; and advocating for policy change that supports the provision of safe, affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate places for physical activity.
Methods Matter: Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in the Form of Cutting is Uniquely Associated with Suicide Attempt Severity in Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Baer Margaret M. , Tull Matthew T. , Forbes Courtney N. , Richmond Julia R. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveDespite the robust relation between nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, there is considerable heterogeneity in NSSI characteristics that may have implications for the strength of the NSSI‐suicide attempt relation. Past research highlights the relevance of both more severe NSSI methods and NSSI in the form of cutting in particular to suicide attempts. To further explore the relations of specific NSSI methods to suicide attempts, this study examined relations between different NSSI methods (i.e., those involving cutting, burning, blunt force, or resulting in minor tissue damage) and both overall suicide attempts and two indicators of suicide attempt severity (attempts requiring medical attention and nonambivalent attempts) in 203 substance‐dependent patients in residential treatment.MethodParticipants were administered questionnaires and semistructured interviews assessing the variables of interest.ResultsCutting was the only NSSI method to demonstrate significant relations with overall suicide attempts, nonambivalent suicide attempts, and suicide attempts requiring medical attention. Results remained when considering relevant covariates.ConclusionResults highlight an important link between NSSI methods involving cutting and suicide attempts among patients with substance use disorders. Findings also highlight the importance of more fine‐grained characterizations of NSSI subgroups.
Similarities and Differences between Quantifier Raising and Wh Movement Out of Adjuncts
Authors: Tanaka Misako 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article reports a set of experimental studies that support the following set of conclusions: (i) quantifier raising is sensitive to adjunct islands, (ii) wh movement is sensitive to adjunct islands, but (iii) quantifier raising and wh movement are not sensitive to adjunct islands in the same way. The experiments examined quantifier raising and wh‐argument extraction from three types of nontensed adjuncts: bare participial gerunds, after prepositional gerunds, and during PPs. The results provide an interesting puzzle. On the one hand, quantifier raising and wh movement shared a weak sensitivity to adjunct islands. On the other hand, the two operations behaved differently when it came to extraction from bare participial gerunds. I argue that this asymmetry results from the different interface constraints that quantifier raising and wh movement are subject to: Scope Economy and the Single‐Event‐Grouping Condition, respectively.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Heat Flux of Double-Wave Trench
Authors: Zhang Bo-lun , Zhu Hui-ren , Liu Cun-liang , Wei Jian-sheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The film cooling characteristics of the transverse trench (TT) and the double-wave trench (DWT) were numerically studied by using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations with realizable k–ɛ turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment. The experiment was used to validate the accuracy of numerical simulation. The film cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux ratio of the double-wave trench are investigated, and the distribution of temperature field and flow field were analyzed. The results show that the double-wave trench can effectively improve the uniformity of jet compared with the transverse trench. The anti-counter-rotating vortices which can press the film on near-wall are formed at the downstream wall of the double-wave trench. With the increase of the blowing ratio, the span-wise averaged heat transfer coefficient of the double-wave trench increases. The span-wise average heat flux ratio of the trench width W = 1.4D condition is lower than that of the other two trenches, so it has the best thermal protection effect of film cooling on the wall.
Nonlinear Heat Transfer From Particles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Near the Critical Point
Authors: Martin Michael James , Rasmussen Elizabeth G. , Yellapantula Shashank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Particle to fluid heat transfer in supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is encountered in energy technologies and in materials synthesis. Near the critical point, the extreme pressure and temperature sensitivity of sCO2’s thermal conductivity will change the expected heat transfer in these systems. The current work combines the Kirchoff transformation for thermal conductivity with the conduction shape factor for a sphere, allowing prediction of heat transfer in these systems and quantification of the impact of these property changes. Results show that the heat transfer is non-linear for supercritical heat transfer, with the non-linearity particularly significant near the critical point. The results also show that approaches such as an average thermal conductivity based on film temperature are unlikely to accurately predict heat transfer in this region. The methods described in this paper can be applied to fluid–particle heat transfer at low Reynolds number in other fluids with large variations in thermal conductivity.
Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) extensional tectonic setting in the Dunhuang terrane, NW China: Evidence from geochronological and geochemical investigations on A-type granite and metamafic rock
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ao Wenhao , Zhang Hong , Wang Qian , Zhai Mingguo , Sun Yong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) magmatic rocks outcrop in the Dunhuang terrane, represented by A-type granites and mafic (basaltic) rocks that have metamorphosed into amphibolites. The A-type granites, emplaced at ca. 1.79–1.77 Ga, are geochemically characterized by high Na2O + K2O, Fe2O3T, Zr, Nb, and Ce contents, as well as high Fe2O3T/(Fe2O3T + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios. Furthermore, they have Nb/Ta, Y/Nb, Rb/Nb, and Sc/Nb ratios of 12.10–15.56, 1.45–1.79, 3.52–6.51, and 0.11–0.19, respectively, showing affinity to A2-type granite. The A-type granites have negative εNd(t) values (−5.4 to −4.8) with Neoarchean depleted mantle (TDM2) ages (2591–2494 Ma), corresponding to coupling between εHf(t) values (−4.85 to -0.92) and TDM2 ages (2817–2556 Ma) of zircons. Therefore, the A-type granite pluton was mostly generated by partial melting of Neoarchean tonalitic to granodioritic basement rocks of the Dunhuang Complex in a postcollisional tectonic setting following a late Paleoproterozoic continent-continent collisional event. The metamafic rocks have a protolith age of 1605 ± 45 Ma and metamorphic age of 317 ± 20 Ma, indicating a Paleozoic tectonic event. The metamafic rock samples are geochemically characterized by relatively high alkali (Na2O + K2O = 4.39–4.81 wt%) contents and low Nb/Y (0.63–0.66) ratios, and they show steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with light REE enrichment and insignificant Eu anomalies and Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf, and Ti anomalies, resembling subalkaline oceanic-island basalt affinity. They have positive εNd(t) values (+0.8 to +1.8) close to the chondrite evolutionary line and variable εHf(t) values (-1.09 to +9.06) of zircons. Hence, the protolith of the metamafic rocks may have been produced by magma mixing processes between a depleted mantle source and a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source during the initial rifting stage in an extensional setting, completing the formation of the Precambrian Dunhuang Complex. Considering the ca. 1.85–1.80 Ga regional metamorphism in the Dunhuang terrane, the latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) A2-type granitic magmatism and mafic magmatism documented the postorogenic to initial rifting processes following the global-scale late Paleoproterozoic collisional event, which is comparable with ca. 1.80–1.67 Ga postcollisional and ca. 1.60–1.53 Ga anorogenic magmatism in the North China craton, but different from that of the Tarim craton.
Success in books: predicting book sales before publication
Authors: Wang Xindi , Yucesoy Burcu , Varol Onur , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReading remains a preferred leisure activity fueling an exceptionally competitive publishing market: among more than three million books published each year, only a tiny fraction are read widely. It is largely unpredictable, however, which book will that be, and how many copies it will sell. Here we aim to unveil the features that affect the success of books by predicting a book’s sales prior to its publication. We do so by employing theLearning to Placemachine learning approach, that can predicts sales for both fiction and nonfiction books as well as explaining the predictions by comparing and contrasting each book with similar ones. We analyze features contributing to the success of a book by feature importance analysis, finding that a strong driving factor of book sales across all genres is the publishing house. We also uncover differences between genres: for thrillers and mystery, the publishing history of an author (as measured by previous book sales) is highly important, while in literary fiction and religion, the author’s visibility plays a more central role. These observations provide insights into the driving forces behind success within the current publishing industry, as well as how individuals choose what books to read.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the crystallization of liquid GaAs nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhou Yao , Tian Zean , Gao Tinghong , Xiao Ting , Xie Quan 
Published: October 2019

The GaAs nanoparticles crystallization process was simulated with the molecular dynamics package large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). The results show that due to the surface effect, GaAs nanoparticles have a low melting temperature and poor order, and that their atomic thermal vibration at high temperatures is more severe than that of GaAs crystals. The crystallization process of GaAs nanoparticles begins at 970 K and generally completes at 920 K. Atoms with coordination number 3 or 4 form honeycomb-like defective (111) faces of zinc-blende structure on the surface; and atoms with a higher coordination number form two-dimensional dense structures at the subsurface.
Racial Differences in Treatment and Survival among Veterans and Non-Veterans with Stage I NSCLC: An Evaluation of Veterans Affairs and SEER-Medicare Populations
Authors: Williams Christina D. , Alpert Naomi , Redding Thomas S. , Bullard A. Jasmine , Flores Raja M. , Kelley Michael J. , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
Surgery is the preferred treatment for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with radiation reserved for those not receiving surgery. Previous studies have shown lower rates of surgery among Blacks with stage I NSCLC than among Whites.

Methods:
Black and White men ages ≥65 years with stage I NSCLC diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database and Veterans Affairs (VA) cancer registry. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between race, treatment, and survival.

Results:
Among the patients in the VA (n = 7,895) and SEER (n = 8,744), the proportion of Blacks was 13% and 7%, respectively. Overall, 16.2% of SEER patients (15.4% of Whites, 26.0% of Blacks) and 24.5% of VA patients received no treatment (23.4% of Whites, 31.4% of Blacks). In both cohorts, Blacks were less likely to receive any treatment compared with Whites [ORadj = 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.69 for SEER-Medicare; ORadj = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.79 for VA]. Among treated patients, Blacks were less likely than Whites to receive surgery only (ORadj = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47–0.70 for SEER-Medicare; ORadj = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62–0.86 for VA), but more likely to receive chemotherapy only and radiation only. There were no racial differences in survival.

Conclusions:
Among VA and SEER-Medicare patients, Blacks were less likely to get surgical treatment. Blacks and Whites had similar survival outcomes when accounting for treatment.

Impact:
This supports the hypothesis that equal treatment correlates with equal outcomes and emphasizes the need to understand multilevel predictors of lung cancer treatment disparities.