bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production, comprehension and repetition of accusative case by monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian-Dutch and Russian-Hebrew-speaking children
Authors: Janssen Bibi , Meir Natalia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study explores the acquisition of the Russian accusative [acc] case inflections in two groups of bilingual children (Russian-Dutch and Russian-Hebrew) who acquire Russian as their Heritage Language (HL) and two groups of monolingual Russian-speaking children within theUnified Competition Model(MacWhinney, 2008,2012). Seventy-two typically developing children participated in the study. Children’s performance on three tasks was compared: elicited production, forced-choice comprehension and sentence repetition.The current study confirmed the predictions of theUnified Competition Model: monolingual children view the [acc] case inflection as a reliable cue. Conversely, bilingual children showed lower accuracy on nouns which require the use of a dedicated [acc] marker. Similarly, the percentage of children manifesting sensitivity to [acc] case cue was low in bilinguals. The findings of the study extend theUnified Competition Modelto patterns of HL acquisition in bilinguals. Cue detection in HL for bilinguals is challenged when exposure is limited.
Bilingual reference production
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo , Bongartz Christiane , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate reference production in bilingual children. Based onKibrik (2011), we analyze the production of referring expressions in discourse in terms of activation of a referent. We propose a novel approach, which calculates activation by taking into account different activation-lending factors and their respective weight. This allows us to compare the activation encoded by referring expressions across languages and groups of speakers, and to run correlational analyses with the speakers’ cognitive profiles. In particular, the study addresses the correlation between activation and lexical processing among bilinguals, based on the distribution of referring expressions in narratives by 20 German-Greek bilingual children, compared to their monolingual peers. We found that bilingual pronouns correspond to a lower activation than monolingual ones. Speed of lexical retrieval is a predictor of the bilingual performance. Our model of analysis accounts for how reference production varies across individuals and which cognitive mechanisms underlie this variation.
Presidential transitions and generational change in Southern African liberation movements
Authors: Southall Roger 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYRecent presidential transitions in Southern Africa have prompted suggestions that the region is moving towards a new generational politics which is more responsive to the need for economic reform and holds significant democratic possibilities. While this analysis concedes that this analysis has some considerable purchase, it argues that the evidence suggests that liberation movements are likely to remain mired in a morass of patronage and corruption, and that there will be as much continuity as change.
Impact of Acacia bark extract tablets on the skin of healthy humans: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Hoshino Tomohiro , Yamashita Shin-ichiro , Suzuki Naoko , Baba Asami , Ogawa Sosuke , Izumi Tatsuya 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidins derived from Acacia (Acacia mearnsii) bark extract in healthy Japanese adult subjects experiencing uncomfortable skin symptoms. All subjects were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 33 each) using a computerized random-number generator. The subjects received either Acacia bark extract tablets or placebo for 8 weeks. Evaluations included water content in the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), Skindex-16, dermatology life quality index (DLQI), visual analog scale for desire to scratch, and blood tests. At 4 weeks, the symptom/feeling score of DLQI, subjective symptoms related to uncomfortable skin, and the desire to scratch were significantly reduced in the intervention group than in the placebo group. At 8 weeks, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower TEWL on facial skin than that in the placebo group. In conclusion, the intake of Acacia bark extract tablets reduced TEWL and improved dry and uncomfortable skin.
Synthesis-guided structure revision of the monoterpene alcohol isolated from Mentha haplocalyx
Authors: Konishi Shunsuke , Mori Naoki , Takikawa Hirosato , Watanabe Hidenori 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The monoterpene isolated from Mentha haplocalyx, 3,3,5-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-4-ol, was synthesized according to its proposed structure. However, the NMR data of the synthetic sample were not in agreement with those reported for the natural product. After considerable efforts, the genuine structure was confirmed as (1R*,2R*)-4-(1′-hydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-1-methylycyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol.
Estimating disease prevalence from drug utilization data using the Random Forest algorithm
Authors: Slobbe Laurentius C J , Füssenich Koen , Wong Albert , Boshuizen Hendriek C , Nielen Markus M J , Polder Johan J , Feenstra Talitha L , van Oers Hans A M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Aggregated claims data on medication are often used as a proxy for the prevalence of diseases, especially chronic diseases. However, linkage between medication and diagnosis tend to be theory based and not very precise. Modelling disease probability at an individual level using individual level data may yield more accurate results.

Methods
Individual probabilities of having a certain chronic disease were estimated using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. A training set was created from a general practitioners database of 276 723 cases that included diagnosis and claims data on medication. Model performance for 29 chronic diseases was evaluated using Receiver-Operator Curves, by measuring the Area Under the Curve (AUC).

Results
The diseases for which model performance was best were Parkinson’s disease (AUC = .89, 95% CI = .77–1.00), diabetes (AUC = .87, 95% CI = .85–.90), osteoporosis (AUC = .87, 95% CI = .81–.92) and heart failure (AUC = .81, 95% CI = .74–.88). Five other diseases had an AUC >.75: asthma, chronic enteritis, COPD, epilepsy and HIV/AIDS. For 16 of 17 diseases tested, the medication categories used in theory-based algorithms were also identified by our method, however the RF models included a broader range of medications as important predictors.

Conclusion
Data on medication use can be a useful predictor when estimating the prevalence of several chronic diseases. To improve the estimates, for a broader range of chronic diseases, research should use better training data, include more details concerning dosages and duration of prescriptions, and add related predictors like hospitalizations.
Lilikoi: an R package for personalized pathway-based classification modeling using metabolomics data
Authors: Al-Akwaa Fadhl M , Yunits Breck , Huang Sijia , Alhajaji Hassam , Garmire Lana X 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lilikoi (the Hawaiian word for passion fruit) is a new and comprehensive R package for personalized pathway-based classification modeling using metabolomics data. Four basic modules are presented as the backbone of the package: feature mapping module, which standardizes the metabolite names provided by users and maps them to pathways; dimension transformation module, which transforms the metabolomic profiles to personalized pathway-based profiles using pathway deregulation scores; feature selection module, which helps to select the significant pathway features related to the disease phenotypes; and classification and prediction module, which offers various machine learning classification algorithms. The package is freely available under the GPLv3 license through the github repository at: https://github.com/lanagarmire/lilikoi and CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lilikoi/index.html.
Divergent evolution in the genomes of closely related lacertids, Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata, and implications for speciation
Authors: Kolora Sree Rohit Raj , Weigert Anne , Saffari Amin , Kehr Stephanie , Walter Costa Maria Beatriz , Spröer Cathrin , Indrischek Henrike , Chintalapati Manjusha , Lohse Konrad , Doose Gero , Overmann Jörg , Bunk Boyke , Bleidorn Christoph , Grimm-Seyfarth Annegret , Henle Klaus , Nowick Katja , Faria Rui , Stadler Peter F , Schlegel Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Lacerta viridis and Lacerta bilineata are sister species of European green lizards (eastern and western clades, respectively) that, until recently, were grouped together as the L. viridis complex. Genetic incompatibilities were observed between lacertid populations through crossing experiments, which led to the delineation of two separate species within the L. viridis complex. The population history of these sister species and processes driving divergence are unknown. We constructed the first high-quality de novo genome assemblies for both L. viridis and L. bilineata through Illumina and PacBio sequencing, with annotation support provided from transcriptome sequencing of several tissues. To estimate gene flow between the two species and identify factors involved in reproductive isolation, we studied their evolutionary history, identified genomic rearrangements, detected signatures of selection on non-coding RNA, and on protein-coding genes.

Findings
Here we show that gene flow was primarily unidirectional from L. bilineata to L. viridis after their split at least 1.15 million years ago. We detected positive selection of the non-coding repertoire; mutations in transcription factors; accumulation of divergence through inversions; selection on genes involved in neural development, reproduction, and behavior, as well as in ultraviolet-response, possibly driven by sexual selection, whose contribution to reproductive isolation between these lacertid species needs to be further evaluated.

Conclusion
The combination of short and long sequence reads resulted in one of the most complete lizard genome assemblies. The characterization of a diverse array of genomic features provided valuable insights into the demographic history of divergence among European green lizards, as well as key species differences, some of which are candidates that could have played a role in speciation. In addition, our study generated valuable genomic resources that can be used to address conservation-related issues in lacertids.
Sustainable seafood certifications are inadequate to challenges of ecosystem change
Authors: Kourantidou Melina , Kaiser Brooks A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The recent Marine Stewardship Council certification for the Russian Barents Red King Crab demonstrates the consequences of overlooking ecological factors in seafood sustainability assessments. The crab is commercially valuable but has uncertain invasive effects for the ecosystem. Russian authorities manage it as a long-term fishery and openly accept the co-incidental risks that come along with the invasion. The Russian crab fishery is monopolized and there is limited transparency on both quota acquisition and decision-making regarding its management. Including ecological and socio-political dimensions expands the sustainability definition to more closely match general consumer perceptions of what certified sustainability represents. The focus of widely trusted certification processes on fishery practices masks important sustainability considerations from end consumers and may distort their choices.
Late Identification of Chikungunya Virus in the Central Nervous System of a 2-Month-Old Infant: Persistence of Maternal-Neonatal Infection?
Authors: Di Maio Ferreira Fátima C P A , da Silva Anamaria S V , Bispo de Filippis Ana M , Brasil Patrícia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report here a probable case of vertical transmission of chikungunya infection with confirmed maternal viremia close to labor that led to severe infection in the newborn. The newborn progressed with cutaneous lesions and irritability 2 months after vertical transmission, when chikungunya virus was detected in the infant’s CSF by a molecular diagnostic test (real-time polymerase chain reaction).
Rapid Communication: A comparison of cardiac lesions and heart weights from market pigs that did and did not die during transport to one Ontario abattoir1
Authors: Zurbrigg Kathy , van Dreumel Tony , Rothschild Max F , Alves David , Friendship Robert M , O’Sullivan Terri L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In-transit losses of market hogs represent a small proportion of all market-weight pigs shipped in a year. This suggests that individual pig factors may be a significant cause of in-transit losses along with more traditionally considered environmental and transport factors. An investigation was performed to determine whether cardiac pathology and heart weights were associated with pigs that did or did not die during transport to an abattoir. The hearts from 70 pigs that died in-transit to one Ontario abattoir and 388 pigs that arrived alive were collected and examined. Hearts from pigs that died during transport demonstrated greater frequencies of cardiac lesions (P &lt; 0.05). These included hypertrophy of ventricle walls (Left: 97% vs. 64%; Right: 86% vs. 57%), dilation of ventricle chambers (Left: 79% vs. 0.5%; Right: 100% vs. 5%), and dilation of the pulmonary artery and aorta (59% vs. 1.5%). Total heart weight to body weight ratios were increased (3.6 vs. 3.3 g/kg) and left ventricle plus septum weight over right ventricle weight ratio was decreased in pigs that died during transport over non–in-transit loss pigs (2.5 vs. 2.8; P &lt; 0.05). This may indicate reduced cardiac function in hogs that died during transport. Pigs with reduced cardiac function would have exercise intolerance and be more susceptible to death during transport due to the increased cardiac workload required during sorting, loading, and transport of the pigs to the abattoir. Further research to quantify cardiac function in pigs with cardiac lesions or abnormal heart weight ratios is warranted.
Pediatric influenza and illness severity: what is known and what questions remain?
Authors: Doyle Joshua D. , Campbell Angela P. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Influenza causes a range of illnesses in children, from uncomplicated self-limited illness to severe disease and death. This review provides an update on the severity and burden of influenza in US children over recent seasons.

Recent findings
The 2017–2018 influenza season was widespread and severe across all ages, including children. Disease severity is influenced by influenza virologic characteristics and host factors, as well as public health interventions such as influenza vaccination and antiviral treatment. In recent influenza A (H3N2)-predominant seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018), influenza vaccination effectiveness was higher in younger children compared with older children and adolescents, although the reasons for this are unclear. Interestingly, even in seasons when influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominate, influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses can play a large role in severe pediatric disease. Although children less than 5 years of age and those with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe disease, influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths occur every season in healthy children.

Summary
Influenza causes a substantial burden of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and deaths among children. Ongoing research is important to better characterize factors that contribute to influenza severity, and to identify strategies to improve the impact of influenza vaccination and treatment.
Dissociating task acquisition from expression during learning reveals latent knowledge
Authors: Kuchibhotla Kishore V. , Sten Tom Hindmarsh , Papadoyannis Eleni S. , Elnozahy Sarah , Fogelson Kelly , Kumar Rupesh , Boubenec Yves , Holland Peter C. , Ostojic Srdjan , Froemke Robert C. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYPerformance on cognitive tasks during learning is used to measure intelligence, yet it remains controversial since such testing is susceptible to contextual factors. To what extent does performance during learning depend on the testing context, rather than underlying knowledge? We trained mice, rats and ferrets on a range of tasks to examine how testing context impacts the acquisition of knowledge versus its expression. We interleaved reinforced trials with “probe” trials in which we omitted reinforcement. Across tasks, each animal species performed remarkably better in probe trials during learning and inter-animal variability was strikingly reduced. Reinforcement feedback is thus critical for learning-related plasticity but, paradoxically, masks the expression of underlying knowledge. We capture these results with a network model in which learning occurs during reinforced trials while context modulates only the read-out parameters. Probing learning by omitting reinforcement thus uncovers latent knowledge and identifies context—not “smartness”—as the major source of individual variability.HIGHLIGHTSKnowledge acquisition and expression can be segregated by the introduction of non-reinforced probe trials across a variety of animal species and behavioral tasks.Animals learn much faster and in a more stereotyped way in non-reinforced probe trials than their performance in the presence of reinforcement suggests.Underperformance and variability in performance arise from sensitivity to the behavioral testing context, not acquisition of sensorimotor associations.A circuit model accounts for context-dependent performance by modulating the integration of sensorimotor associations.eTOCKuchibhotla et al. show the acquisition and expression of knowledge can be behaviorally dissociated in mice, rats, and ferrets across a variety of sensorimotor tasks. Across animals, variability in performance arises from the testing context, not underlying aptitude.
Characterizing and minimizing the contribution of sensory inputs to TMS-evoked potentials
Authors: Biabani Mana , Fornito Alex , Mutanen Tuomas P. , Morrow James , Rogasch Nigel C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evokes voltage deflections in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, known as TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs), which are increasingly used to study brain dynamics. However, the extent to which TEPs reflect activity directly evoked by magnetic rather than sensory stimulation is unclear.ObjectiveTo characterize and minimize the contribution of sensory inputs to TEPs.MethodsTwenty-four healthy participants received TMS over the motor cortex using two different intensities (below and above cortical motor threshold) and waveforms (monophasic, biphasic). TMS was also applied over the shoulder as a multisensory control condition. Common sensory attenuation measures, including coil padding and noise masking, were adopted. We examined spatiotemporal relationships between the EEG responses to the scalp and shoulder stimulations at sensor and source levels. Furthermore, we compared three different filters (independent component analysis, signal-space projection with source informed reconstruction (SSP-SIR) and linear regression) designed to attenuate the impact of sensory inputs on TEPs.ResultsThe responses to the scalp and shoulder stimulations were correlated in both temporal and spatial domains, especially after ∼60 ms, regardless of the intensity and stimuli waveform. Among the three filters, SSP-SIR showed the best trade-off between removing sensory-related signals while preserving data not related to the control condition.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that TEPs elicited by motor cortex TMS reflect a combination of transcranially and peripherally evoked brain responses despite adopting sensory attenuation methods during experiments, thereby highlighting the importance of adopting sensory control conditions in TMS-EEG studies. Offline filters may help to isolate the transcranial component of the TEP from its peripheral component, but only if these components express different spatiotemporal patterns. More realistic control conditions may help to improve the characterization and attenuation of sensory inputs to TEPs, especially in early responses.
Tracking genetic invasions: genome-wide SNPs reveal the source of pyrethroid-resistantAedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) incursions at international ports
Authors: Schmidt Thomas L. , van Rooyen Anthony R. , Chung Jessica , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , Griffin Philippa C. , Sly Angus , Hoffmann Ary A. , Weeks Andrew R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiological invasions are increasing globally in number and extent despite efforts to restrict their spread. Knowledge of incursion pathways is necessary to prevent new invasions and to design effective biosecurity protocols at source and recipient locations. This study uses genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine the origin of 115 incursiveAedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) detected at international ports in Australia and New Zealand. We also genotyped mosquitoes at three point mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene: V1016G, F1534C, and S989P. These mutations confer knockdown resistance to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, widely used for controlling invertebrate pests. We first delineated reference populations usingAe. aegyptisampled from 15 locations in Asia, South America, Australia and the Pacific Islands. Incursives were assigned to these populations using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and an assignment test with a support vector machine predictive model. Bali, Indonesia, was the most common origin ofAe. aegyptidetected in Australia, whileAe. aegyptidetected in New Zealand originated from Pacific Islands such as Fiji. Most incursives had the same allelic genotype across the threeVsscgene point mutations, which confers strong resistance to synthetic pyrethroids, the only insecticide class used in current, widely-implemented aircraft disinsection protocols endorsed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Additionally, all internationally-assignedAe. aegyptihadVsscpoint mutations linked to pyrethroid resistance that are not found in Australian populations. These findings demonstrate that protocols for preventing introductions of invertebrates must consider insecticide resistance, and highlights the usefulness of genomic datasets for managing global biosecurity objectives.
Clathrin-coated Pits are Shredded Organelles Presorting Receptors in the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Kim Do-Hyeon , Kwon Yonghoon , An Hyeong Jeon , Zhou Kai , Jeong Min Gyu , Park Soyeon , Chang Yeonho , Lee Nam Ki , Ryu Sung Ho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA myriad of receptor types crowds the plasma membrane of cells. Here, we revealed that clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) presort receptors to modulate receptor activation on the plasma membrane. We visualized individual molecules of receptors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, transferrin receptor (TfR), and beta2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), inside a single CCP in a living cell using single-molecule diffusivity-based colocalization analysis. The spatially distinct subsets of CCPs selectively allocated for these receptors were observed in a resting state. The EGFR pre-allocated CCP subset was partially shared with that for ErbB2, whereas the EGFR and TfR pre-allocated CCP subsets were mutually exclusive. PICALM was necessary for the pre-allocation of CCPs for EGFR. Furthermore, EGFR dimerization was markedly elevated inside the pre-allocated CCP subset after dynamin recruitment. The pre-sorting function of CCPs provides an efficient mechanism to control competition and cooperation between receptors on the crowded plasma membrane.One Sentence SummaryClathrin-coated pits are small-sized organelles pre-sorting receptor kinds to modulate receptor activation on the crowded plasma membrane.