bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new target to ameliorate the damage of periodontal disease: The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 in contrast to that of specific cannabinoid receptors in rats
Authors: Ossola César A. , Balcarcel Noelia B. , Astrauskas Julia I. , Bozzini Clarisa , Elverdin Juan C. , Fernández‐Solari Javier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) is expressed in oral tissues cells and its activity can be regulated by inflammation products and anandamide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of blocking TRPV1 or specific cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1r) and 2 (CB2r) on periodontal status of rats subjected to experimental periodontitis (EP).MethodsMale rats were distributed in groups 1) control, 2) lipopolysaccharide‐induced EP (LPS), and 3) LPS plus capsazepine (Capz, TRPV1 antagonist) application (LPS+Capz). EP was induced by injections of LPS (1 mg/mL) around first molars and treatment was performed with Capz (2 µg/mL) applied locally during 6 weeks. Additional experiment was performed by applying CB1r and CB2r antagonists (AM251 and AM630) to rats with EP.ResultsCapz prevented alveolar bone loss (ABL) on the external crests and in the interradicular bone of the first molars (periodontal space height: LPS, 270.7 ± 33.5µm versus LPS+Capz, 216.4 ± 19.9 µm; P <0.01). Inflammatory mediators, like tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and prostaglandin E2, increased by LPS‐induced EP, were diminished in gingival tissue of rats treated with Capz. In contrast, application of AM251 and AM630 exacerbated ABL and gingival inflammatory mediators, increased by LPS, altering also biomechanical properties.ConclusionsTRPV1 blockade attenuates periodontal impairment in EP rats, since it reduces local inflammation, unlike CB1r and CB2r blockade. This work lays the foundation for developing therapeutics in humans based on the pharmacological manipulation of these receptors to treat periodontal disease.
Effect of temperature on the actomyosin‐paramyosin structure from giant squid mantle (Dosidicus gigas)
Authors: Tolano‐Villaverde Ivan J , Santacruz‐Ortega Hisila , Rivero‐Espejel Ignacio A , Torres‐Arreola Wilfrido , Suárez‐Jiménez Guadalupe M , Márquez‐Ríos Enrique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe secondary structure of a protein determines its functional properties, such as its gelling capacity. The α‐helix and β‐sheet comprise its main structures. Myofibrillar proteins from jumbo squid are composed mainly of the actomyosin‐paramyosin complex; this complex contains a high percentage of α‐helix, because actin, paramyosin, and myosin constitute 30%, 100%, and 55% of the α‐helix, respectively. It is important to elucidate the role of the secondary structures in the gelation of giant squid proteins as they form gel. The role of the secondary structures in the gelation of giant squid proteins is therefore very important. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperature on the structural behavior of actomyosin‐paramyosin isolate (API) from Dosidicus gigas.RESULTSThe unfolding of the API system, which is composed of the actomyosin‐paramyosin complex, was clarified by studying surface hydrophobicity and viscosity. Three characteristic peaks were found, associated with myosin, paramyosin, and actin. Infrared and circular dichroism corroborated the view that API undergoes major structural changes, because it proceeds from mostly an α‐helix structure to 100% β‐sheet.CONCLUSIONThe structural rearrangement favors gelation by cross‐linking, generating new protein–protein and water‐protein interactions, which create a more stable structure compared to mantle proteins (MP). Likewise, the presence of sarcoplasmic and stromal proteins in D. gigas muscle prevents the unfolding of myofibrillar proteins, favoring gelation by agglomeration, decreasing the ability to trap water and thus its gelling capacity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenolic compounds and free sulfhydryl groups in whole grain wheat flour modified by xylanase
Authors: Both Josemere , Esteres Vanessa P , Santetti Gabriela S , Bressiani Joseane , Oro Tatiana , Pallarés Gómez Manuel , Friedrich Maria Tereza , Gutkoski Luiz C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of the structural behavior of dough elaborated using whole grain wheat flour (WGWF) and xylanase is fundamental for the elaboration of products with high nutritional content, especially when the particle size of the flour is altered. In the present study, we investigated the effect of varying concentrations of xylanase on the formation of dough with different particle sizes of WGWF.RESULTSPhenolic compounds, fibers and proteins are the components that undergo the most change and interfere with dough formation. A small particle size favors the extraction of phenolic compounds and dietary fibers, resulting in a high‐quality dough. There was a protective effect of the stable phenolic compounds on the gluten network. An increase in fiber degradation and a decrease in phenolic compounds was noted as the xylanase concentration increased. Although xylanase increased free sulfhydryl (‐SH) groups in gluten, there was no change in dough formation and dough stability with an increasing xylanase concentration.CONCLUSIONThe WGWF with a smaller particle size does not contribute to the loss of quality in dough elaboration. The addition of intermediate amounts of xylanase (20 mg kg−1) in samples with a particle size of 158 μm can be used to improve dough characteristics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Deficit irrigation effectively reduces soil carbon dioxide emissions from wheat fields in Northwest China
Authors: Hou Huijing , Yang Yaqin , Han Zhengdi , Cai Huanjie , Li Zhanchao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn irrigation regime is an important factor in regulating soil CO2 emissions from wheat fields. Deficit irrigation can be applied easily in the fields and has been implemented in northwest China. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of deficit irrigation on crop yield and quality. Studies on its environmental impacts are sparse.RESULTSSoil CO2 fluxes from deficit‐irrigated fields were lower than those from full irrigation (CK) during most of the growing season. Cumulative soil CO2 emissions from deficit‐irrigated fields were reduced by 10.2–25.5%, compared with the CK. Peaks of soil CO2 fluxes were observed 3–7 days after irrigation in the water‐filled pore space (WFPS) range of 65.7–80.4%. Under different irrigation regimes, significant positive correlations were observed between soil CO2 fluxes and WFPS (P < 0.01), but no significant correlations were found between soil CO2 fluxes and soil temperature. Compared to CK, yields for the T1, T2, and T4 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) but the yield for T3 was only reduced by 2.3% (P > 0.05); T3 significantly reduced soil CO2 emissions by 10.2% (P < 0.05) and reduced the irrigation water amount by 5.7%.CONCLUSIONDeficit irrigation effectively reduced CO2 emissions from winter wheat field soils. T3 may be a water‐saving, CO2 emission‐reducing and high‐yield irrigation regime for winter wheat fields in northwest China. The research laid a preliminary theoretical foundation for formulating winter wheat irrigation systems that are water saving, emission reducing, and that produce high yields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization and validation of the kinetic spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of the pesticide atrazine and its application in infant formulae and cereal‐based baby food
Authors: Pecev‐Marinković Emilija , Miletić Ana , Tošić Snežana , Pavlović Aleksandra , Kostic Danijela , Mišić Ivana Rašić , Dekić Vidoslav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are potentially toxic to humans and can produce both acute and chronic health effects, depending on the quantity and the ways in which a person is exposed. Exposure to pesticides can cause serious health problems. Infants and young children are particularly sensitive to these contaminants because their brains and organ systems are not fully developed. For this reason, it is important to determine the quantities of pesticides in baby food.RESULTSThe aim of this study was to develop a kinetic‐spectrophotometric method for atrazine determination and to apply it to determine pesticide in baby‐food samples, using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) followed by the kinetic‐spectrophotometric method and the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. This method is based on the inhibition effect of atrazine (the oxidation of sulfanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in the alkaline medium in the presence of the Co2+ ion). Under the experimental conditions used, atrazine showed a linear dynamic range of 0.5 to 5.0 μg mL−1, and from 5.0 to 70.00 μg mL−1 with relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.91% to 9.41%. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.074 and 0.225 μg mL−1, respectively. The kinetic method was successfully applied to determine the atrazine concentration in spiked samples after SPE of samples. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to verify the results.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is highly sensitive, simple, easy, requires cheap reagents, and leads to good recovery levels. It is linear, precise, and accurate. It can be used successfully for the routine analysis of atrazine in infant formulae and cereal‐based food samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A rapid and efficient extraction method based on industrial MCM‐41‐miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction with response surface methodology for simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids in Pollen typhae by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Li Jin , Yang Xuejing , Gao Xiu‐mei , Wang Hui , Chang Yan‐xu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn industrial MCM‐41‐miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction coupled with response surface methodology was explored to determine L‐epicatechin, typhaneoside, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohespeidoside, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin in Pollen typhae by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography connected to a photodiode array detection. Several variables were optimized in detail, including mesh number of sieve, type of adsorbent, mass ratio of sample to adsorbent, grinding time, methanol concentration, and elution volume. Central composite design was applied to optimize the best conditions for the maximum yields of the total flavonoids. The results displayed a good linear relationship (R > 0.9992) and the recoveries ranged from 92.9 to 103% (RSD < 4.53%) of the six flavonoids. The optimal method with high efficiency and low consumption was obviously better than heating reflux and ultrasonic extraction. It was proven that the developed industrial MCM‐41‐miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction coupled with simple ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography method could be a rapid and efficient tool for extraction and determination of flavonoids in natural products.
Tracking systems for intracranial medical devices: A review
Authors: François Quentin , André Arthur , Duplat Bertrand , Haliyo Sinan , Régnier Stéphane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn minimally invasive surgery, especially in neurosurgery, the ability to reach deep and functional structures without damage remains a major challenge. Recent breakthroughs in microtechnologies have enabled the downsizing of an increasing number of devices. In such a context, the possibility to navigate a micromedical device inside the human brain is a reachable ambition. One of the most expected applications is the identification and the treatment of early‐stage cancers which could strongly improve therapies efficiency. Despite these remarkable attainments, micromachines, to actually become revolutionary, require a tracking system at least as accurate as its size and working in an heterogeneous environment. The aim of the present paper was to provide an overview of the state of the art in medical device tracking systems for the brain. Firstly, the latest advances are categorized by technological family: magnetic field, electromagnetic waves, magnetic resonance, ultrasound waves and hybrid solutions. Secondly, in a comparative purpose, performance criteria are evaluated and displayed in radar diagrams and graphs to highlight the three dimensions challenge the systems should take up: performance, invasiveness and user experience. Finally, the present and future of each localization family are provided.
On the heavy atom on light atom relativistic effect in the NMR shielding constants of phosphine tellurides
Authors: Rusakova Irina L. , Rusakov Yuriy Yu. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relativistic HALA effect has been shown to depend on the spatial deformation of the lone electron pairs of a heavy atom, as demonstrated for alkyl and alkene phosphine tellurides. It was found that HALA effect on phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constant is strongly dependent on the spatial arrangements of light substituents on phosphorus, resulting in the deformation of the lone electron pairs of tellurium.
Planning gamma accelerated degradation tests with two accelerating variables
Authors: Tung Hung‐Ping , Tseng Sheng‐Tsaing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGamma accelerated degradation tests (ADT) are widely used to assess timely lifetime information of highly reliable products with degradation paths that follow a gamma process. In the existing literature, there is interest in addressing the problem of deciding how to conduct an efficient, ADT that includes determinations of higher stress‐testing levels and their corresponding sample‐size allocations. The existing results mainly focused on the case of a single accelerating variable. However, this may not be practical when the quality characteristics of the product have slow degradation rates. To overcome this difficulty, we propose an analytical approach to address this decision‐making problem using the case of two accelerating variables. Specifically, based on the criterion of minimizing the asymptotic variance of the estimated q quantile of lifetime distribution of the product, we analytically show that the optimal stress levels and sample‐size allocations can be simultaneously obtained via a general equivalence theorem. In addition, we use a practical example to illustrate the proposed procedure.
Falsely Elevated Vancomycin Concentrations in a Patient Not Receiving Vancomycin
Authors: Tsoi Vivian , Bhayana Vipin , Bombassaro Anne Marie , Tirona Rommel G. , Kittanakom Saranya 
Published: May 2019

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin is commonly performed using immunoassays. This case describes falsely elevated vancomycin serum concentrations, possibly secondary to endogenous protein interference. Vancomycin was prescribed for a patient with a suspected septic knee. A blood sample for TDM was inadvertently collected before the first dose. The reported concentration was 36.1 mg/L using the Roche Modular P analyzer and remained high over the next 48 hours and 8 months later in the absence of vancomycin therapy. Vancomycin was undetectable in the patient sample by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was subsequently investigated for endogenous protein interference. The responsible interference was removed by polyethylene glycol precipitation and heat inactivation. Four alternative immunoassays with varying test principles measured vancomycin concentrations ranging from undetectable to 108 mg/L. A glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase detection method was common to the two immunoassays exhibiting the greatest interference. To our knowledge, this is the first report of falsely elevated vancomycin concentrations on the Roche Modular P analyzer. Immunoassays are generally robust in facilitating TDM but are susceptible to cross‐reactivity. Assay interference should be considered and laboratory professionals contacted when vancomycin levels do not correlate with clinical expectations.
Effective hole‐injection characteristics of organic light‐emitting diodes due to fluorinated self‐assembled monolayer embedded as a buffer layer
Authors: Kim Hye Rim , Kim Tae‐Wan , Park Sang‐Geon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe electrical and optical properties of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are demonstrated by varying the length of the alkyl chain of a fluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (F‐nSAM). OLEDs containing F‐nSAMs that have a long alkyl chain length were found to exhibit excellent properties in terms of current density, luminance, turn‐on voltage, etc. The obtained current density at 6 V, which was the highest measurement voltage, was up to about 36 times higher for an OLED including an F‐12SAM thin film with the longest chain length than for an OLED including only an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. With regard to luminance characteristics depending on voltage, the luminance was about 13 times higher for the OLED including the F‐12SAM thin film than for the OLED including only the ITO substrate. Also, the turn‐on voltage of the OLED including the F‐12SAM thin film was decreased by approximately 1 V compared to that of the OLED including only the ITO substrate. Although F‐nSAMs with alkyl chains have insulating film properties, F‐nSAMs with long alkyl chains exhibited good electrical and optical properties because of an improvement in the hole‐injection barrier due to a large positive shift of the vacuum level and smooth carrier injection resulting from a high contact angle due to strong hydrophobic properties caused by the good alignment properties of F‐nSAMs resulting from strong van der Waals forces between the molecules due to the long alkyl chains. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Incorporation of hyperbranched polyamide‐functionalized graphene oxide into epoxy for improving interfacial and mechanical properties
Authors: Mi Xiaoqian , Wei Fang , Zeng Liang , Zhong Liuyue , Zhang Junheng , Zhang Daohong , Luo Yongyue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incorporation of hyperbranched polyamide‐functionalized graphene oxide (HPA‐GO) into epoxy was proposed to improve the interfacial and mechanical properties. Benefiting from improved dispersion and strengthened interfacial interaction, epoxy composites with HPA‐GO showed significant improvements in mechanical and thermomechanical properties at low GO loading. The interaction at the HPA‐GO/epoxy interface was investigated to confirm the occurrence of chemical bonding. Strong interfacial bonding improved the stress transfer and distribution of HPA‐GO/epoxy interface. Accordingly, the overall strength of epoxy composites was effectively improved on account of the uniform dispersion of HPA‐GO and interfacial chemical interaction between HPA‐GO and epoxy. Compared with neat epoxy resin, the inclusion of 0.10 wt% HPA‐GO led to 310.5 and 37.2% increase in impact strength and tensile strength, respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Association among plasma 1,25(OH)2D, ratio of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D, and prostate cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Ramakrishnan Swathi , Steck Susan E. , Arab Lenore , Zhang Hongmei , Bensen Jeannette T. , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Johnson Candace S. , Mohler James L. , Smith Gary J. , Su L. Joseph , Woloszynska Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfrican‐American (AA) men tend to present with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) than European‐American (EA) men. Vitamin D and its metabolites are implicated in prostate cancer biology with vitamin D deficiency, indicated by its metabolite levels in serum or plasma, usually observed in AA men.ObjectiveTo determine if 1, 25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] plasma levels in AA and EA prostate cancer patients alter the risk of having aggressive prostate cancer.DesignResearch subjects from the North Carolina‐Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (AA n = 435 and EA n = 532) were included. Plasma metabolites 1,25(OH)2D and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrophotometry. Research subjects were classified into low (Gleason sum < 7, stage T1‐T2, and Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) < 9 ng/mL) or high (Gleason sum > 8 or Gleason sum = 7 with 4 + 3, or PSA > 20 ng/mL, or Gleason sum = 7 and stage T3‐T4) aggressive disease.ResultsResearch subjects in the second and third tertiles of plasma levels of 1, 25(OH)2D had lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer (AA [ORT2vsT1: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.39‐1.12; ORT3vsT1: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.49‐1.41] and EA [ORT2vsT1: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.41‐1.11; ORT3vsT1: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.40‐1.11]) compared with the first tertile, though confidence intervals included the null. Greater 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratios were associated with lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer more evidently in AA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.45, CI: 0.24‐0.82) than in EA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.64, CI: 0.35‐1.17) research subjects.ConclusionsThe 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratio was associated with decreased risk of high aggressive prostate cancer in AA men, and possibly in EA men. Further studies analyzing vitamin D polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein levels, and prostatic levels of these metabolites may be useful. These studies may provide a better understanding of the vitamin D pathway and its biological role underlying health disparities in prostate cancer.
A brief report on the March 21, 2019 explosions at a chemical factory in Xiangshui, China
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shen Shui‐Long , Zhou An‐Nan , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis short communication reports on a catastrophic explosion which occurred on March 21, 2019 in Xiangshui County, Jiangsu Province, China. The huge explosion resulted in the death of 78 people and the injury of 617. The causes of this accident are analyzed following reporting of the background, explosion scenes, and rescue operation of the accident. Based on the preliminary investigation, some measures to prevent similar accidents are suggested.
Comparative gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characterization of di‐ and trialkyl phosphites
Authors: Zenkevich Igor G. , Nosova Vlada E. 
Published: May 2019

RationaleHomologous series of alkyl esters of phosphorus‐containing acids, namely, dialkyl phosphonates (synonym: dialkyl phosphites) and trialkyl phosphites, were characterized by electron ionization (EI) mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention indices (GC RI) on semi‐standard non‐polar stationary phases. It is confirmed that GC/MS characterization of any sets of homologues should not be restricted to independent registration of these analytical parameters. Their joint processing in the form of so‐called homologous increments of GC RIs means, firstly, a novel way of evaluating the chromatographic polarity of analytes and, secondly, a new algorithm for the prediction of their molecular weights if no peaks of molecular ions are registered in the mass spectra.MethodsA standard GC/MS technique, including determination of GC RIs on semi‐standard nonpolar stationary phases in temperature‐programmed regime and electron ionization (EI) mass spectra was used.ResultsA total of 31 dialkyl phosphonate homologues and 37 trialkyl phosphite homologues were characterized by EI mass spectra and GC RIs for the first time. Joint processing of these analytical parameters allows the calculation of so‐called homologous increments of GC RIs, which are useful parameters for evaluating the chromatographic polarity of analytes and predicting their molecular weights.ConclusionsGC/MS characterization of any sets of homologues should not be restricted to independent registration of the mass spectra and chromatographic retention parameters. Their joint processing in the form of so‐called homologous increments of GC retention indices means, firstly, a novel way of evaluating the chromatographic polarity of analytes and, secondly, a new algorithm for predicting their molecular weights.