bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
Authors: Aiewsakun Pakorn , Richard Léa , Gessain Antoine , Mouinga-Ondémé Augustin , Vicente Afonso Philippe , Katzourakis Aris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Among all known retroviruses, foamy viruses (FVs) have the most stable virus–host co-speciation history, co-diverging in concert with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. However, detailed molecular analyses indicate that different parts of their genome might have different evolutionary histories. While their polymerase gene displays a robust and straightforward virus–host co-speciation pattern, the evolutionary history of their envelope (env) gene, is much more complicated. Here, we report eleven new FV env sequences in two mandrill populations in Central Africa, geographically separated by the Ogooué River into the North and the South populations. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the polymerase gene shows that the two virus populations are distinct, and each contains two variants of env genes co-existing with one another. The distinction between the two env variants can be mapped to the surface domain, flanked by two recombination hotspots, as previously reported for chimpanzee and gorilla FVs. Our analyses suggest that the two env variants originated during the diversification of Old World monkeys and apes, ∼30 million years ago. We also show that this env gene region forms two phylogenetically distinct clades, each displaying a host co-divergence and geographical separation pattern, while the rest of the genome of the two strains is phylogenetically indistinguishable in each of the host-specific groups. We propose possible evolutionary mechanisms to explain the modular nature of the FV genome.
The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: Korshunova Tatiana , Fletcher Karin , Picton Bernard , Lundin Kennet , Kashio Sho , Sanamyan Nadezhda , Sanamyan Karen , Padula Vinicius , Schrödl Michael , Martynov Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDorids are one of the largest nudibranch groups, encompassing more than 2000 species. One of the crucial problems with tracing the evolution of dorids is the relationship between cryptobranch dorids (gill cavity present) and phanerobranch dorids (gill cavity absent). Integrative morphological and molecular studies of the enigmatic Japanese dorid species of the cryptobranch genus Cadlina, C. japonica and ‘C.’ sagamiensis, which were collected by the Emperor of Japan (Shōwa era), are presented here for the first time. It is shown that while C. japonica does belong to the Cadlina clade, another Japanese species ‘C.’ sagamiensis is not part of the cryptobranch dorids of the family Cadlinidae, but is related to both the phanerobranch dorid family, Hexabranchidae, and to the cryptobranch family Cadlinellidae stat. nov. A new genus, Showajidaia gen. nov., and new family, Showajidaiidae fam. nov., are proposed for ‘C.’ sagamiensis, and four new species of the genus Cadlina are described based on a dorid-wide molecular phylogenetic analysis, which is the first substantial update of the dorid family system since 2010. Integration of phylogenetic data with an ontogenetic model of dorid evolution suggests that cryptobranch organization can be most reliably assessed as the ancestral state for the majority of dorids.
Incidental Acantholysis in Hailey–Hailey Disease (Microscopic Nikolsky Sign): An Underappreciated Histologic Sign
Authors: Saggini Andrea , Cota Carlo , Cerroni Lorenzo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
Identification of subtle disease-specific histologic changes may be of significant help in early diagnosis of acantholytic skin diseases. Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by vesiculoerosive lesions favoring the intertriginous areas. Histologically, HHD is characterized by full-thickness acantholysis of the spinous layer in association with dyskeratosis of individual keratinocytes; a pemphigus vulgaris-like suprabasal pattern of acantholysis may be observed in the earliest stages of disease. HHD is characterized by highly variable expressivity regarding the age at onset and severity of the disease. Patients may present with late-onset and/or only mild disease. We report the recurrent presence of incidental foci of variably extensive, subclinical acantholysis in multiple bioptic specimens taken from a patient with known HHD for dermatologic conditions other than HHD. Such histologic finding has gone underappreciated in the literature, despite being a likely frequent occurrence in skin biopsies from HHD patients; recognition of this finding might represent a valuable diagnostic clue in selected cases of HHD.
Statin therapy is associated with better ambulatory blood pressure control: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Spannella Francesco , Filipponi Andrea , Giulietti Federico , Di Pentima Chiara , Bordoni Valentina , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
Statin therapy was associated with lower blood pressure (BP) in some but not all studies. We evaluated the association between statin therapy and ambulatory BP in a large hypertensive population using ‘propensity score matching’.

Methods:
Retrospective observational study on 1827 consecutive essential hypertensive patients evaluated with 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Antihypertensive treatment intensity (ATI) was calculated to compare different drug associations. We used a propensity score matching to compare two equally-sized cohorts of patients with similar characteristics according to statin therapy. Matching was performed on log-transformed propensity score in a 1 : 1 fashion with a caliper of 0.1, in order to account for the different baseline characteristics between statin and no-statin group.

Results:
Mean age: 58.1 ± 13.8 years; male sex: 55%. Patients on statin therapy: 402 (22%). These patients showed lower 24-h BP (−2.8/−7.1 mmHg), daytime (−3.3/−7.6 mmHg) and night-time BP (−2.5/−6.0 mmHg, all P < 0.001). They also showed better ambulatory BP control, even after adjustment for confounding factors. The analyses on the groups derived from the ‘propensity score matching’ (369 patients in each group) confirmed these results (OR 1.8 for 24-h BP control; OR = 1.6 for daytime BP control; OR = 1.7 for night-time BP control, all P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Statin therapy is associated with better ambulatory BP control in essential hypertensive patients. This result is not affected by the intensity of the antihypertensive treatment or by the several cofactors analyzed.
INVESTIGATING A GROWTH PREDICTION MODEL IN ADVANCED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH SOLITARY GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY USING QUANTITATIVE AUTOFLUORESCENCE
Authors: Reiter Gregor S. , Told Reinhard , Baumann Lukas , Sacu Stefan , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Pollreisz Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
To investigate geographic atrophy (GA) progression using quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) in eyes with solitary GA.

Methods:
Forty-three eyes of 26 patients (age 79.7 ± 7.2 years; 28 women; 16 pseudophakic) underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and qAF imaging at baseline and after 12 months. The junctional zone (AJZ) and a nonaffected 300-µm-wide control area (AC) were delineated on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans and transferred to the qAF image. Linear mixed models were calculated to investigate the association between GA progression and qAF, age, and baseline GA area. Mixed model analyses of variance were used to investigate differences in qAF between areas.

Results:
Quantitative autofluorescence of the three inferior sections of both the AJZ (P = 0.028; P = 0.014 and P = 0.032) and the AC (P = 0.043; P = 0.02 and P = 0.028) were significantly associated with GA progression after 12 months. However, qAF measurements were not associated with GA progression in the overall model (P > 0.05). Mean qAF was significantly lower in the AJZ and growth area (AG12) than in the AC (both P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
The authors report a statistically significant association between GA growth area and qAF measurements at specific retinal locations and a significant difference in qAF between the GA border and unaffected areas outside the lesion. Quantitative autofluorescence measurements may be limitedly useful for predicting GA progression.
The Impact on Work Patterns of Implementing the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Ferdi Alex C. , Nguyen Vuong , Samarawickrama Chameen , Hamilton Alex , Yeung Season , Watson Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
The adoption of clinical registries has the potential to improve outcomes, while reducing the costs of health care. We sought to evaluate the changes in workflow that occurred with implementation of the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry (SSKR) in corneal clinics.

Methods:
A prospective time–motion study and a clinician survey were conducted. The timing of clinic consultations was recorded before and after implementation of the SSKR. The activities were assigned into 3 main categories: 1) direct patient care (eg, talking to, examining), 2) indirect patient care (record keeping), and 3) indirect patient care (reading).

Results:
Overall, there was no change in average time spent per patient with or without the SSKR; 12.3 (5.3 SD) versus 12.1 (5.3 SD) minutes, respectively, P = 0.84. There was no change in time spent providing direct care with or without the SSKR; 5.4 (2.8 SD) versus 5.9 (2.8 SD) minutes, respectively, P = 0.51. Within direct patient care, there was no impact with or without the SSKR on the time spent examining (1.9 [1.0 SD] vs. 1.9 [1.4 SD] minutes, respectively, P = 0.58) or talking to patients (3.5 [2.3 SD] vs. 4.1 [2.3 SD] minutes, respectively, P = 0.21). Indirect care time was unchanged overall for record keeping (3.2 [2.2 SD] vs. 4.6 [2.9 SD], respectively, P = 0.16) and reading tasks (3.1 [1.8 SD] vs. 2.0 [1.3 SD], respectively, P = 0.09).

Conclusions:
The SSKR was implemented into clinical practice without affecting the total consultation time, time spent directly interacting with patients, or use of patient records. Our findings support that registries requiring data entry could be widely adopted into routine clinical practice.
The Independent Effect of Various Cross-Linking Treatment Modalities on Treatment Effectiveness in Keratoconus
Authors: Godefrooij Daniel A. , Roohé Suzanna L. , Soeters Nienke , Wisse Robert P.L. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the 1-year outcomes of using various corneal cross-linking (CXL) techniques for treating keratoconus.

Methods:
Setting: This is a prospective longitudinal cohort study performed at a tertiary academic medical center. Patient population: Six hundred seventy eyes of 461 patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL were followed up for 1 year. Intervention: Eight combinations of CXL modalities were assessed, including 2 different CXL techniques (transepithelial or epithelium-off), 7 riboflavin formulations, and 2 ultraviolet-A protocols (conventional 3 mW/cm2 or accelerated 9 mW/cm2). Patients treated using the Dresden protocol were used as the reference group.Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes were maximum keratometry and mean keratometry 1 year after treatment. Multivariable linear regression was used which provides β coefficients (β). Secondary outcomes were uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent, and corneal thickness 1 year after treatment.

Results:
Four treatment modalities differed significantly from the reference group regarding both maximum keratometry and mean keratometry: the transepithelial CXL (TE-CXL) group (β = 1.422; P = 0.001), 1 riboflavin formulation (Meran β = 1.210; P = 0.02), and both the 9 mW/cm2 protocols (Vibex Rapid β = 1.751; P < 0.001 and Collagex β = 1.170, P < 0.001). Overall, the visual outcome, manifest refractive spherical equivalent, and corneal thickness were similar among the treatment modalities. Infections were rare (1.6% of cases); however, re-treatment was required for 33.3% of cases that underwent TE-CXL.

Conclusions:
TE-CXL, the use of Meran riboflavin, and applying the accelerated irradiation protocol appeared to be associated with reduced efficacy regarding controlling keratoconus progression. One-third of cases treated using TE-CXL required re-treatment.
Musical Ear Syndrome and Cochlear Explantation: Case Report and Proposal for a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Kompis Martin , Mantokoudis Georgios , von Gunten Benjamin , Schmid Christoph , Blaser Daniela , Caversaccio Marco 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To report an unusual case of musical ear syndrome, and to present a theoretical framework for this condition, merging information from the presented case and from former case reports.

Patient:
A 67-year-old semi-professional musician, who underwent bilateral cochlear implantation and experienced musical ear syndrome, i.e., hearing music, where none was present.

Interventions:
Cochlear implantation with a bilateral cochlear implant, and cochlear explantation 17 months later.

Main Outcome Measure:
Report of presence or absence of musical ear syndrome by the patient.

Results:
Musical ear syndrome started 1 day after implantation. It ceased immediately after cochlear explantation, but reappeared 3 months later.

Conclusions:
Several types of factors seem to determine whether a musical ear syndrome is present or not. We propose to differentiate between triggers, modifiers, and conditions, which determine a base vulnerability. Vulnerability seems to be increased by auditory deprivation and by habitual retrieval of music from memory. Cochlear implantation or explantation seems to act as triggers. The proposed framework may help to stimulate reporting of more potentially relevant factors in future case reports on musical ear syndrome, and ultimately to help to understand this condition better.
Silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and normal exercise testing
Authors: Banovic Marko , Iung Bernard , Brkovic Voin , Nikolic Serge , Mitrovic Predrag , Van Camp Guy , Penicka Martin , Simic Dragan , Kockova Radka , Aleksandric Srdjan , Asanin Milika , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Popovic Dejana , Putnik Svetozar , Jaukovic Milena , Bartunek Jozef 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
There are no data about the prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis patients with normal exercise testing. Importantly, unmasking significant coronary artery disease in patients with aortic stenosis could influence the choice/timing of treatment in these patients.

Method:
Exercise testing was performed on semi-supine ergobicycle. Cardiopulmonary analysis during exercise testing, echocardiography, and laboratory analysis at rest was done. Standard clinical/electrocardiography criteria were assessed for symptoms/signs of ischemia during/after exercise testing. In patients with normal exercise testing coronary angiography was performed using standard femoral/radial percutaneous approach. Coronary stenosis was considered significant if >70% of vessel diameter or 50%–70% with fractional flow reserve ≤0.8.

Results:
Total of 96 patients with normal exercise testing were included (67.6 years, 50.6% males). No patient had any complication or adverse event. The P
mean was 52.7 mmHg, mean indexed aortic valve area was 0.36 cm2/m2 and left ventricular ejection fraction, 69.5%. 19/96 patients (19.8%) had significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed brain natriuretic peptide and blood glucose as independent predictors of silent coronary artery disease. Brain natriuretic peptide value of 118 pg/ml had sensitivity/specificity of 63%/73% for predicting coronary artery disease (area under the curve 0.727, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Our results are the first to show that in patients with severe aortic stenosis, normal left ventricular ejection fraction,, and normal exercise testing, significant coronary artery disease is present in as many as 1/5 patients. In such patients, further prospective studies are warranted to address the diagnostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in detecting silent coronary artery disease.
Low serum level of sirtuin 1 predicts coronary atherosclerosis plaques during computed tomography angiography among an asymptomatic cohort
Authors: He Xiang , Zheng Jing , Liu Chao 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Whether in asymptomatic populations levels of serum sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) are associated with coronary atherosclerosis plaque characteristics remains unclear. This article aims to evaluate the possibility of Sirt1 serum levels predicting high-risk coronary plaques revealed through computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods:
The current cross-sectional investigation was performed on patients from non high-risk plaque (HRP) group (control group) as well as HRP group. CTA was conducted and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was generated each patient. Serum Sirt1 level was determined through ELISA. Univariate analysis and receiver-operating characteristic curve were used to examine the role of Sirt1 to predict HRP.

Results:
Lower Sirt1 serum levels were observed in patients in the HRP group in comparison with those in the control group. Gender, hyperlipidemia, age, the total cholesterol to high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, HDL-C, apolipoprotein B and Sirt1 displayed independent association with HRP as revealed by the univariate analysis. Area under curve of the univariate model for HRP was 0.848 (95% confidence interval: 0.798–0.899); 75.4% specificity, 75.2% sensitivity, the negative predictive value was 83.0%, and the positive predictive value was 66.2%.

Conclusion:
Low serum level of Sirt1 predicted HRP in individuals with low–intermediate FRS, implying that Sirt1 may play a predictive role in the plaque screening before coronary CTA.
Prognostic role of S100A9 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Koh Hyun Min , An Hyo Jung , Ko Gyung Hyuck , Lee Jeong Hee , Lee Jong Sil , Kim Dong Chul , Song Dae Hyun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
S100A9 was originally regarded as a regulator of immune response and a mediator of the inflammatory process. Recent studies have suggested that S100A9 expression plays an important role during tumor development, progression and metastasis in various cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic role of S100A9 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
S100A9 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 152 patients who underwent surgical resection due to ccRCC. The correlation between S100A9 expression and clinicopathological data and its prognostic role were evaluated in patients with ccRCC.
S100A9 revealed high expression in 37 cores (12.6%) of ccRCC. S100A9 expression was significantly associated with T stage (P < .001) and Fuhrman nuclear grade (P < .001), but not with patient age (P = .821) and sex (P = .317). Survival analysis revealed that high S100A9 expression is an independent factor for unfavorable disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 2.423; 95% confidence interval, 1.044–5.621; P = .039) and disease-specific survival (hazard ratio, 2.428; 95% confidence interval, 1.130–5.214; P = .023) in patients with ccRCC.
S100A9 expression can be a useful prognostic factor in patients with ccRCC.
The risk of stroke and associated risk factors in a health examination population
Authors: Li Rui-Cen , Xu Wang-Dong , Lei Ya-Li , Bao Ting , Yang Han-Wei , Huang Wen-Xia , Tang Huai-Rong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Health examination is an important method for early detection of people with different risk of stroke. This study estimates the risk of stroke and identify risk factors for people who underwent health examinations at the Health Examination Center at West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2014 to February 2018.
A total of 31,464 people were recruited in this study and divided into 3 groups (low risk, moderate risk, and high risk) according to risk of stroke. We explored possible factors associated with the risk of stroke by using multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis.
Among the participants, 17,959 were at low risk, 11,825 were at moderate risk, and 1680 were at high risk. Age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, uric acid, diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were independent significant risk factors for stroke, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was an independent protective factor for stroke. Interestingly, with increasing age, the percentage of people at moderate or high risk of stroke was increased. The percentages of people at moderate and high risk of stroke were also increased with respect to the stages of baPWV.
This study showed that >40% of the participants were at moderate or high risk of stroke, especially the older participants. Several factors were related to the risk of stroke, especially baPWV. Some preventive action may be adopted early, and more attention can be paid to the health examination population.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Zhong Dan , Tang Wenjun , Geng Dan , He Chengshi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
Urinary incontinence (UI), affects women more frequently than men, with a prevalence to 30–40% of perimenopausal women and almost 50% among women aged over 70 years. caused severe psychological burden and bringing negatively impact to the quality of life, increased caregiver burden and economic cost. Acupuncture is often used to treat them. We aim to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for women experiencing UI.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched from inception to Jan. 2020: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wan-Fang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database).All published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese related to acupuncture for urinary incontinence in women will be included. The primary outcome will be the change from baseline in the amount of urine leakage measured by the 1-hour pad test. Adverse events will be the secondary outcome. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of study quality will be performed independently by two reviewers. RevMan V.5.3.5 software will be used for the assessment of risk of bias and data synthesis.

Results:
This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence of acupuncture for UI from the 1-hour pad test.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of our study will provide an evidence to judge whether acupuncture is an effective intervention for patients suffered from UI.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019133195