bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing 4‐D Landslide Monitoring and Block Interaction Analysis With a Novel Kalman‐Filter‐Based InSAR Approach
Authors: Zheng Wanji , Hu Jun , Lu Zhong , Hu Xie , Sun Qian , Liu Jihong , Huang Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) has become widely utilized for slow‐moving landslide monitoring due to its high resolution, accuracy, and extensive coverage. By integrating data from various orbits/platforms and monitoring sources, one‐dimensional (1‐D) line‐of‐sight (LOS) InSAR measurements can be explored to infer three‐dimensional (3‐D) movements. However, inconsistencies in observation times among different orbits and monitoring sources pose challenges in accurately capturing dynamic 3‐D movements over time (referred to as 4‐D). In this study, we propose a novel method, termed KFI‐4D that incorporates spatiotemporal constraints into the traditional Kalman filter. This enhancement transforms the underdetermined problem of 4‐D movement acquisition into a dynamic parameter estimation problem, enabling precise monitoring of landslide movements. The KFI‐4D method was evaluated using both synthetic data sets and real data from the Hooskanaden landslide, demonstrating an improvement exceeding 50% in root mean square errors (RMSEs) compared to conventional methods. Additionally, the high‐resolution characteristics of InSAR‐derived 4‐D movements allow for the analysis of strain invariants, providing insights into block interactions and landslide dynamics. Our findings reveal that strain invariants effectively indicate the distribution and activity of landslide blocks and slip surfaces as well as their response to triggers. Notably, abnormal signals identified in strain invariants prior to the catastrophic event at Hooskanaden suggest potential for early warning of landslides. The future integration of data from advanced satellites, such as NISAR, ALOS4 PALSAR3, and Sentinel‐1C, is expected to further enhance the KFI‐4D method's capabilities, improving temporal resolution and early warning potential for landslide monitoring.
SMYD family in cancer: epigenetic regulation and molecular mechanisms of cancer proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance
Authors: Han Tae-Su , Kim Dae-Soo , Son Mi-Young , Cho Hyun-Soo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpigenetic modifiers (miRNAs, histone methyltransferases (HMTs)/demethylases, and DNA methyltransferases/demethylases) are associated with cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Among these modifiers, HMTs are frequently overexpressed in various cancers, and recent studies have increasingly identified these proteins as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss members of the SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD) family that are topics of extensive research on the histone methylation and nonhistone methylation of cancer-related genes. Various members of the SMYD family play significant roles in cancer proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by regulating cancer-specific histone methylation and nonhistone methylation. Thus, the development of specific inhibitors that target SMYD family members may lead to the development of cancer treatments, and combination therapy with various anticancer therapeutic agents may increase treatment efficacy.
Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of nonsense mutations in mitochondrial ND5 in mice
Authors: Kim Sanghun , Park Seul Gi , Kim Jieun , Hong Seongho , Cho Sang-Mi , Lim Soo-Yeon , Kim Eun-Kyoung , Ju Sungjin , Lee Su Bin , Kim Sol Pin , Jeong Tae Young , Oh Yeji , Han Seunghun , Kim Hae-Rim , Lee Taek Chang , Kim Hyoung-Chin , Yoon Won Kee , An Tae Hyeon , Oh Kyoung-jin , Nam Ki-Hoan , Lee Seonghyun , Kim Kyoungmi , Seong Je Kyung , Lee Hyunji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction induced by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations has been implicated in various human diseases. A comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genetic disorders requires suitable animal models for human disease studies. While gene knockout via premature stop codons is a powerful method for investigating the unique functions of target genes, achieving knockout of mtDNA has been rare. Here, we report the genotypes and phenotypes of heteroplasmic MT-ND5 gene-knockout mice. These mutant mice presented damaged mitochondrial cristae in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal atrophy, and asymmetry, leading to learning and memory abnormalities. Moreover, mutant mice are susceptible to obesity and thermogenetic disorders. We propose that these mtDNA gene-knockdown mice could serve as valuable animal models for studying the MT-ND5 gene and developing therapies for human mitochondrial disorders in the future.
The transcription factor BBX regulates phosphate homeostasis through the modulation of FGF23
Authors: Lee Su Jeong , Kim Ju Ang , Ihn Hye Jung , Choi Je-Yong , Kwon Tae-Yub , Shin Hong-In , Cho Eui-Sic , Bae Yong Chul , Jiang Rulang , Kim Jung-Eun , Park Eui Kyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays an important role in phosphate homeostasis, and increased FGF23 levels result in hypophosphatemia; however, the molecular mechanism underlying increased FGF23 expression has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that mice lacking the bobby sox homolog (Bbx−/−) presented increased FGF23 expression and low phosphate levels in the serum and skeletal abnormalities such as a low bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume (BV), as well as short and weak bones associated with low bone formation. Osteocyte-specific deletion of Bbx using Dmp-1-Cre resulted in similar skeletal abnormalities, elevated serum FGF23 levels, and reduced serum phosphate levels. In Bbx−/− mice, the expression of sodium phosphate cotransporter 2a (Npt2a) and Npt2c in the kidney and Npt2b in the small intestine, which are negatively regulated by FGF23, was downregulated, leading to phosphate excretion/wasting and malabsorption. An in vitro Fgf23 promoter analysis revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-induced transactivation of the Fgf23 promoter was significantly inhibited by BBX overexpression, whereas it was increased following Bbx knockdown. Interestingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 induced an interaction of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) with BBX and downregulated BBX protein levels. Cycloheximide (CHX) only partially downregulated BBX protein levels, indicating that 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates BBX protein stability. Furthermore, the ubiquitination of BBX followed by proteasomal degradation was required for the increase in Fgf23 expression induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Collectively, our data demonstrate that BBX negatively regulates Fgf23 expression, and consequently, the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of BBX is required for FGF23 expression, thereby regulating phosphate homeostasis and bone development in mice.
NOVAsort for error-free droplet microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Han , Gupte Rohit , Li Yuwen , Huang Can , Guzman Adrian R. , Han Jeong Jae , Jung Haemin , Sabnis Rushant , de Figueiredo Paul , Han Arum 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh-throughput screening techniques are pivotal to unlocking the mysteries of biology. Yet, the promise of droplet microfluidics in enabling single-cell resolution, ultra-high-throughput screening remains largely unfulfilled. Droplet sorting errors caused by polydisperse droplet sizes that are often inevitable in multi-step assays have severely limited the effectiveness and utility of this technique, especially when screening large libraries. Even a relatively low 1% sorting error results in 10,000 false calls in a 1,000,000 droplet screen, imposing an unreasonably large burden on downstream validation. Here, we present NOVAsort (Next-generation Opto-Volume-based Accurate droplet sorter), a device capable of discerning droplets based on both size and fluorescence intensity. With a 1000- and 10,000-fold reduction in false positives and false negatives, respectively. NOVAsort addresses the challenges of conventional droplet sorting approaches and sets standards for accuracy and throughput in droplet microfluidic assays.
Using large language models to accelerate communication for eye gaze typing users with ALS
Authors: Cai Shanqing , Venugopalan Subhashini , Seaver Katie , Xiao Xiang , Tomanek Katrin , Jalasutram Sri , Morris Meredith Ringel , Kane Shaun , Narayanan Ajit , MacDonald Robert L. , Kornman Emily , Vance Daniel , Casey Blair , Gleason Steve M. , Nelson Philip Q. , Brenner Michael P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccelerating text input in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a long-standing area of research with bearings on the quality of life in individuals with profound motor impairments. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) pose opportunities for re-thinking strategies for enhanced text entry in AAC. In this paper, we present SpeakFaster, consisting of an LLM-powered user interface for text entry in a highly-abbreviated form, saving 57% more motor actions than traditional predictive keyboards in offline simulation. A pilot study on a mobile device with 19 non-AAC participants demonstrated motor savings in line with simulation and relatively small changes in typing speed. Lab and field testing on two eye-gaze AAC users with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis demonstrated text-entry rates 29–60% above baselines, due to significant saving of expensive keystrokes based on LLM predictions. These findings form a foundation for further exploration of LLM-assisted text entry in AAC and other user interfaces.
Anti colorectal cancer activity and in silico studies of novel pyridine nortopsentin analog as cyclin dependent kinase 6 inhibitor
Authors: Abdelmegeed Heba , Abo-Salem Heba M. , Zayed Ehab M. , El-Sawy Eslam R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNortopsentins are a vital class of deep-sea sponge metabolites which can be used as leads for antitumor agents. Although their action has been studied in several diseases’ contexts, their cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, a series of 2,6-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(substituted-phenyl)pyridin-5-carbonitriles 4a–j (nortopsentin analogs) was investigated for their cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma. The analog 4i showed the highest antitumor activity via inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Cell cycle arrest was induced due to expression downregulation of CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6. In addition, 4i suppressed the enzymatic activity of CDK6. The theoretical study of some basic quantum factors and the geometric shape of compound 4i proved that the compound is stable and a soft molecule, in which the EHOMO and ELUMO energies were negative and had a small ∆E gap. 4i also demonstrated a high potential for oral bioavailability due to its adherence to Lipinski’s rule of five. The molecular docking studies of 4i analog showed good binding mode with CDK6 active pocket through the formation of multiple interactions with its key amino acids.
Mechanical fatigue in microtubules
Authors: Nasrin Syeda Rubaiya , Bassir Kazeruni Neda M. , Rodriguez Juan B. , Tsitkov Stanislav , Kakugo Akira , Hess Henry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMechanical failure of biological nanostructures due to sustained force application has been studied in great detail. In contrast, fatigue failure arising from repeated application of subcritical stresses has received little attention despite its prominent role in engineering and potentially biology. Here, paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules are up to 256 times bent into sinusoidal shapes of varying wavelength and the frequency of breaking events are observed. These experiments allow the calculation of fatigue life parameters for microtubules. Repeated buckling due to 12.5% compression–equal to the compression level experienced by microtubules in contracting cardiomyocytes – results in failure after in average 5 million cycles, whereas at 20.0% compression failure occurs after in average one thousand cycles. The fatigue strength (Basquin) exponent B is estimated as − 0.054±0.009.
Correlation of intratumoral mast cell quantity with psychosocial distress in patients with pancreatic cancer: the PancStress study
Authors: Sitte Alicia , Goess Ruediger , Tüfekçi Tutku , Pergolini Ilaria , Pfitzinger Paulo Leonardo , Salvo-Romero Eloísa , Mota Reyes Carmen , Tokalov Sergey , Safak Okan , Steenfadt Hendrik , Gürcinar Ibrahim H. , Yurteri Ümmügülsüm , Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Mazzuoli-Weber Gemma , Stengel Andreas , Erkan Mert , Friess Helmut , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Ceyhan Güralp Onur , Demir Elke , Demir Ihsan Ekin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMast cells are commonly found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet their role in the disease remains uncertain. Although mast cells have been associated with depression in several diseases, their connection to PDAC in this context remains unclear. This study explored the correlation between mast cells and psychosocial stress in patients with PDAC. Prior to surgery, 40 patients with PDAC (n = 29 primary resected, n = 11 neoadjuvant treated) completed four questionnaires assessing stress and quality of life. Immunostaining was performed on the resected tumor tissue. Spearman analysis was employed to correlate mast cells with distress and neuropeptides serotonin and beta-endorphin serum and tissue levels. Patients with PDAC exhibited elevated levels of distress and worry. Lower number of mast cells within the tumor correlated with greater psychological burden. Among primary resected patients, mast cell count moderately correlated with joy and inversely with worries. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, strong inverse correlation was observed between anxiety, depression, and mast cell quantity. No correlation was found between mast cells and serotonin or beta-endorphin levels. In summary, mast cell presence inversely correlates with psychosocial stress, suggesting a link between immune cells and psychological well-being in pancreatic cancer. Targeting mast cells might offer therapeutic avenues for addressing cancer-induced depression and anxiety.
FACSNet: Forensics aided content selection network for heterogeneous image steganalysis
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Zhang Minqing , Kong Yongjun , Ke Yan , Di Fuqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe main goal of image steganalysis, as a technique of confrontation with steganography, is to determine the presence or absence of secret information in conjunction with the specific statistical characteristics of the carrier. With the development of deep learning technology in recent years, the performance of steganography has been gradually enhanced. Especially for the complex reality environment, the image content is mixed and heterogeneous, which brings great challenges to the practical application of image steganalysis technology. In order to solve this problem, we design a forensics aided content selection network (FACSNet) for heterogeneous image steganalysis. Considering the heterogeneous situation of real images, a forensics aided module is introduced to pre-categorise the images to be tested, so that the network is able to detect different categories of images in a more targeted way. The complexity of the images is also further analysed and classified using the content selection module to train a more adapted steganalyser. By doing this, the network is allowed to achieve better performance in recognising and classifying the heterogeneous images for detection. Experimental results show that our designed FACSNet is able to achieve excellent detection performance in heterogeneous environments, improving the detection accuracy by up to 7.14% points, with certain robustness and practicality.
Intraarticular gold microparticles using hyaluronic acid as the carrier for hip osteoarthritis. A 2-year follow-up pilot study
Authors: Rasmussen Sten , Skjoldemose Emilie , Jørgensen Nia Kristine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe recently conducted a pilot study in which we discovered that introducing metallic gold microparticles into the knee joint can help reduce pain caused by osteoarthritis for up to two years. Additionally, we identified significant proteomic changes in the synovial fluid and serum within eight weeks of the procedure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there may be a clinical relevant effect of intra-articular injection of gold microparticles on hip osteoarthritis. A cohort of 22 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, with pain ≥ 3 months, and Kellgren-Lawrence OA grade 2–4, were included. Metallic gold 20 mg, 72.000 pieces, 20–40 µ-meter BerlockMicroImplants (BMI) were injected into the hip joint using hyaluronic acid as the carrier. In total, we treated 26 hip joints. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). WOMAC pain decreased from 11 (2–20 to 3 (0–8), stiffness from 6 (0–8) to 1 (0–4), and activity from 43 (18–68) to 11 (0–27), all P = 0.0001. When adjusting for the minimally relevant differences, the P-values were 0.0015 for WOMAC pain, 0.26 for stiffness, and 0.011 for activity. Combined intraarticular treatment with metallic gold microparticles and hyaluronic acid may improve hip joint pain and function. Joint stiffness did not improve when assessed against the minimal clinically relevant difference. This study suggests a basis for a future placebo-controlled randomized trial of gold microparticles and hyaluronic acid in hip osteoarthritic patients.
Functional, physicochemical properties of sodium carbonate-soluble polysaccharides from the bulbs and foliage leaves of yellow and red onion
Authors: Marciniak Magdalena , Cieśla Jolanta , Szymańska-Chargot Monika , Cybulska Justyna , Zdunek Artur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe oil and water holding capacities, surface activity, and gelling ability of sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP) extracted from the cell wall of bulb and foliage leaves of yellow and red onion (Allium cepa L.) were investigated and compared with those of commercial citrus pectin. Pectin chemical composition and properties its aqueous dispersions (e.g. the viscosity, pH) were studied. Homogalacturonan was the main component of the low-methoxylated pectin, with a small amount of rhamnogalacturonan I (more branched in the bulb pectin). Both the oil (35–41 g/gd.m.) and water (20 g/gd.m) holding capacities of NSP were higher than citrus pectin (1 and 17 g/gd.m, respectively). The surface activity of NSP was comparable (foliage leaves; surface tension (γ) decrease to 62 mN/m) or higher (bulb; γ decrease to 56 mN/m) than commercial pectin. The ability of NSP, especially extracted from the bulb, to form larger structures with increasing viscosity and neutralizing the negative surface charge, was significantly higher than that of citrus pectin. Therefore, NSP of bulb and foliage leaves may be useful as a carrier of oil- or water-soluble substances, a surface active agent, texturizer and gelling agent in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agricultural branches of industry.
Computational multiphysics modeling of radioactive aerosol deposition in diverse human respiratory tract geometries
Authors: Bartol Ignacio R. , Graffigna Palomba Martin S. , Tano Mauricio E. , Dewji Shaheen A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of aerosol exposure relies on generic mathematical models that assume uniform particle deposition profiles over the human respiratory tract and do not account for subject-specific characteristics. Here we introduce a hybrid-automated computational workflow that generates personalized particle deposition profiles in 3D reconstructed human airways from computed tomography scans using Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics simulations. This is the first large-scale study to consider realistic airways variability, where 380 lower and 40 upper human respiratory tract 3D geometries are reconstructed and parameterized. The data is clustered into nine groups using random forest regression. Computational fluid and particle dynamics simulations are conducted on these representative geometries using a realistic heavy-breathing respiratory cycle and radioactive iodine-131 as a source term. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations are performed to obtain detailed energy deposition maps. Our findings emphasize the importance of personalized studies, as minor respiratory tract variations notably influence deposition patterns rather than global parameters of the lower airways, observing more than 30% variance in the mass deposition fraction.
Melatonin’s role in the timing of sleep onset is conserved in nocturnal mice
Authors: Kim Pureum , Garner Nicholas , Tatkovic Annaleis , Parsons Rex , Chunduri Prasad , Vukovic Jana , Piper Michael , Pfeffer Martina , Weiergräber Marco , Oster Henrik , Rawashdeh Oliver 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMelatonin supplementation strengthens non‐restorative sleep rhythms and its temporal alignment in both humans and night-active rodents. Of note, although the sleep cycle is reversed in day-active and night-active (nocturnal) mammals, both, produce melatonin at night under the control of the circadian clock. The effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep and sleepiness are relatively clear, but its endogenous role in sleep, particularly, in timing sleep onset (SO), remains poorly understood. We show in nocturnal mice that the increases in mid-nighttime sleep episodes, and the mid-nighttime decline in activity, are coupled to nighttime melatonin signaling. Furthermore, we show that endogenous melatonin modulates SO by reducing the threshold for wake-to-sleep transitioning. Such link between melatonin and SO timing may explain phenomena such as increased sleep propensity in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and chronic insomnia in patients with severely reduced nocturnal melatonin levels. Our findings demonstrate that melatonin’s role in sleep is evolutionarily conserved, effectively challenging the argument that melatonin cannot play a major role in sleep regulation in nocturnal mammals, where the main activity phase coincides with high melatonin levels.
An improved SiC SWITCH‐MOS with superior forward performance
Authors: Cheng Junji , Zhong Tao , Li Huan , Li Ping , Yi Bo , Huang Haimeng , Wang Siliang , Hu Qiang , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn improved 4H‐SiC SBD‐wall‐integrated trench metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (SWITCH‐MOS) with n‐bury and split‐gate is proposed. Under the premise of ensuring breakdown voltage (BV), the n‐bury layer can smooth the path to current conduction, which reduces the specific on‐resistance (RON, SP) and improves static characteristics. Besides, the split‐gate is able to transform the gate‐drain capacitance (CGD) and improve the dynamic characteristics. Therefore, a superior forward performance that SWITCH‐MOS always craves is achieved. According to the simulation results, compared to the conventional SWITCH‐MOS with almost the same BV, the proposed one reduces the RON, SP by 57% and the CGD by 59% while gaining equally advanced reverse performance. Its reverse conduction voltage is only −1.78 V, but its figure of merit reaches 1.67 GW/cm2 and 65 mΩ·nC, which is attractive for the application in power inverters.