bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Antibiotic Dosing Before and After Implementation of an Electronic Order Set
Authors: Nichols Kristen , Petschke Allison , Webber Emily , Knoderer Chad 
Published: April 2019

Background To maximize resources, the antimicrobial stewardship program at a pediatric tertiary care hospital made pediatric dosing specific guidance within the electronic health record available to all hospitals within the health system.
Objective The objective of this study was to compare the appropriateness of antibiotic dosing before and after the implementation of an electronic intravenous (IV) antibiotic order set.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating orders from patients younger than 18 years who received cefepime, piperacillin–tazobactam, tobramycin, or gentamicin at 12 health-system hospitals. Antibiotic dosing regimens and order set use were evaluated in patients who received the specified antibiotics during the 6-month time frame prior to and following electronic order set availability at each hospital.
Results In the before and after implementation periods, 360 and 387 total antibiotic orders were included, respectively. Most orders were gentamicin (55.8% in the before implementation period and 54.5% in the after implementation period) followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (22.5% in the before period and 22.2% in the after period). Overall, 663 orders were classified as appropriate (88.8%). Appropriateness was similar in the before or after implementation periods (87.8 vs. 89.7%, p = 0.415). There was a significant difference in appropriateness if a blank order versus the electronic IV antibiotic order set was used (82.8 vs. 90.5%; p = 0.024).
Conclusion No difference in antibiotic appropriateness overall was found in the before and after implementation periods. However, when specifically compared with the appropriateness of dosing when blank order forms were used, dosing was more appropriate when electronic antibiotic order sets were used.
Morphometrics Analysis of Sagitta Otolith in Pool Barb, Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Rani Anju , Rai Deepak , Tyor Anil K. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction The use of otolith morphometrics could prove to be a powerful tool in fish identification. The aim of the present study was to analyze the shape of the otolith in pool barb, Puntius sophore.
Materials and Methods To accomplish the present study, samples of various sizes were collected from the Yamunanagar and from the Faridabad fish markets in Haryana, India. The sagitta otoliths were extracted by making a horizontal cut across the head of the fish.
Results The independent t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between the values of otolith length and width of both the right and left otoliths (p > 0.05). Furthermore, various shape indexes, such as form factor (FF); circularity (C); rectangularity (REC), and aspect ratio (AR) were calculated, and the general shape of the otoliths of P. sophore was described as rectangular and less elongated. The otolith length (OL) was found to be positively correlated with the AR, whereas the FF was found to be negatively correlated with REC and C. The present study expresses the relationship between the total length (TL) and the head length (HL) of the fish with the OL and the otolith width (OW) by a linear regression model. The results depicted that the OL and the OW were linearly correlated to the TL and to the HL of the fish.
Conclusion The present study also provides a better understanding in identification of fish stock.
The Seroprevalence of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Preschool Children
Authors: Cinar Esma Merve , Kosecik Mustafa , Aslan Ferhat Gurkan , Buyukavcı Mustafa , Koroglu Mehmet , Elmas Bahri , Altındis Mustafa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a systemic and mostly uncomplicated infectious disease caused by the virus of the enterovirus family and manifests as skin and mucosal lesions. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the most commonly detected infectious agents. It is generally observed in children under 5 years of age. In this study, our objective was to determine the seroprevalence of HFMD in preschool children in Sakarya region. A total of 380 children between 1 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Sociodemographic information, clinical findings, and possible risk factors were recorded on a data collection form. Later, serum anti-EV71 and anti-CA16 IgG (immunoglobulin G) antibodies were measured by ELISA. Amongst the 380 children, EV71 IgG positivity was 57.9% and CA16 IgG antibody positivity was 57.4%. There was no difference in seroprevalence between the genders (p > 0.05). Anti-EV71 and anti-CA16 IgG antibody positivity was significantly higher in children aged 1, 2, 3, and 4 years than in 5-year olds (p < 0.05). Seroprevalence was significantly lower in children of mothers who washed their hands before feeding (p < 0.01). High HFMD seroprevalence (> 50%) was observed in the preschool period in the Sakarya region, especially in children aged 1 to 4 years. To prevent infections for which there is no specific treatment, it is very important that the hygiene rules are complied with; in particular, children and their caregivers should pay attention to hand cleansing. We believe that more seroprevalence studies should be performed from different regions to show the status of the disease in our country.
Uniquely human CHRFAM7A gene increases the hematopoietic stem cell reservoir in mice and amplifies their inflammatory response
Authors: Costantini Todd W. , Chan Theresa W. , Cohen Olga , Langness Simone , Treadwell Sabrina , Williams Elliot , Eliceiri Brian P. , Baird Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The emergence of uniquely human genes during hominid speciation enabled numerous human-specific adaptations that presumably included changes in resilience to disease but potentially increased susceptibility as well. Here we show that the transgenic expression of one such gene, called CHRFAM7A, changes the mouse reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and amplifies the mouse inflammatory response in a model of human systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Because the CHRFAM7A gene is a dominant-negative inhibitor of ligand binding to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), a neurotransmitter receptor implicated in immunity, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive function, the results underscore the importance of understanding the contribution of species-specific genes to human disease and the impact they may have on the fidelity of animal models for translational medicine.
ARHGAP4 regulates the cell migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer by the HDAC2/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Yehua , Xu Litao , Ning Zhouyu , Liu Luming , Lin Junhua , Chen Hao , Meng Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway that mediates multiple cellular processes, such as cell migration and invasion. HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2), a deacetylase that maintains histone H3 in a deacetylated state in the promoter region of Wnt-targeted genes where β-catenin is bound, negatively regulating β-catenin activation. However, the regulation of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway remains unclear. Here, we report ARHGAP4 as a new regulator of the β-catenin pathway that regulates cell invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer as well as the downstream effector MMP2 and MMP9 expression in vitro. Mechanistically, ARHGAP4 interacts with and ubiquitinates HDAC2, which in turn inhibits β-catenin activation. Furthermore, treatment of CAY10683, an HDAC2 inhibitor, and XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, attenuated the effects of ARHGAP4 silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, our findings establish ARHGAP4 as a novel regulator of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway with a critical role in tumorigenesis.
Hollywood in the Hinterland: Newspapers, Itinerant Films and Community Identity in the 1920s
Authors: Cieslik-Miskimen Caitlin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Itinerant films represented a substantial media and cultural phenomenon during the first half of the 20th century, and provided a localized form of a mass culture product. Through an analysis of archival materials and newspaper accounts related to the production of 11 itinerant movies filmed in the Midwestern United States in the 1920s, this article examines the relationship between the itinerant films and community newspapers. By supporting these productions, these newspapers used a relatively new communication technology as a way to solidify their civic position. They helped create an intensely local product featuring recognizable landmarks, businesses and people that offered readers a way to combat the loss of community and place in an increasingly networked society.
Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Aged &lt;5 Years Hospitalized With or Without Pneumonia in Developing and Emerging Countries: A Descriptive, Multicenter Study
Authors: Dananché Cédric , Paranhos-Baccalà Gláucia , Messaoudi Mélina , Sylla Mariam , Awasthi Shally , Bavdekar Ashish , Sanghavi Sonali , Diallo Souleymane , Pape Jean-William , Rouzier Vanessa , Chou Monidarin , Eap Tekchheng , Rakoto-Andrianarivelo Mala , Maeder Muriel , Wang Jianwei , Ren Lili , Dash-Yandag Budragchaagiin , Nymadawa Pagbajabyn , Guillen Rosa , Russomando Graciela , Endtz Hubert , Komurian-Pradel Florence , Vanhems Philippe , Sánchez Picot Valentina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Improving knowledge regarding Streptococcus pneumoniae distribution in pneumonia cases is important to better target preventive and curative measures. The objective was to describe S. pneumoniae serotypes in children with or without pneumonia

Methods
It was a case-control study carried out in 8 developing and emerging countries between 2010 and 2014. Cases were children aged &lt;5 years admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. Controls were children admitted for surgery or routine outpatient care.

Results
In nasopharyngeal samples, S. pneumoniae were detected in 68.2% of the cases and 47.5% of the controls (P &lt; .001). Nasopharyngeal carriage was associated with a higher risk of being a case in 6/8 study sites (adjusted odds ratio ranged from 0.71 [95% confidence interval [CI], .39–1.29; P = .26] in India [Pune/Vadu] to 11.86 [95% CI, 5.77–24.41; P &lt; .001] in Mongolia). The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes were more frequently detected in cases with nasopharyngeal carriage (67.1%) than in controls with nasopharyngeal carriage (54.6%), P &lt; .001. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in blood by polymerase chain reaction in 8.3% of the cases. Of 34 cases with an S. pneumoniae serotype detected in blood, 27 (79%) had the same serotype in the nasopharyngeal sample.

Conclusions
The results confirm the assumption that the isolate carrying or causing disease in an individual is of the same serotype. Most serotypes independently associated with nasopharyngeal carriage or pneumonia are covered by PCV13, suggesting that increased PCV coverage would reduce the burden of S. pneumoniae–related pneumonia.
Isavuconazole Prophylaxis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fontana Lauren , Perlin David S , Zhao Yanan , Noble Brie N , Lewis James S , Strasfeld Lynne , Hakki Morgan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Isavuconazole (ISA) is an attractive candidate for primary mold-active prophylaxis in high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies or hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. However, data supporting the use of ISA for primary prophylaxis in these patients are lacking.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) among adult hematologic malignancy patients and HCT recipients who received ≥7 days of ISA primary prophylaxis between 1 September 2016 and 30 September 2018. The incidence of bIFIs in patients receiving ISA was compared to those receiving posaconazole (POS) and voriconazole (VOR) during the same time period.

Results
One hundred forty-five patients received 197 courses of ISA prophylaxis. Twelve bIFIs (Aspergillus fumigatus [5], Aspergillus species [2], Mucorales [2], Fusarium species [2], and Candida glabrata [1]) occurred, representing 8.3% of patients and 6.1% of courses, after a median duration of 14 days of ISA prophylaxis. All bIFIs occurred during periods of neutropenia. Seven patients (58.3%) died within 42 days of onset of bIFI. In addition, bIFIs complicated 10.2% of ISA, 4.1% of POS, and 1.1% of VOR courses among patients with de novo or relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia during the study period, with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) complicating 6.8% of ISA, 1.3% of POS, and zero VOR courses.

Conclusions
Although ISA has been approved for treatment of invasive Aspergillus and mucormycosis, we observed an increased rate of bIFI, notably IPA, using ISA for primary prophylaxis. These results support the need for further study to determine the role of ISA as primary prophylaxis.
Coupling of the Na+/K+-ATPase to Ankyrin B controls Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Skogestad Jonas , Aronsen Jan Magnus , Tovsrud Nils , Wanichawan Pimthanya , Hougen Karina , Stokke Mathis Korseberg , Carlson Cathrine Rein , Sjaastad Ivar , Sejersted Ole Mathias , Swift Fredrik 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Ankyrin B (AnkB) is an adaptor protein that assembles Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in the AnkB macromolecular complex. Loss-of-function mutations in AnkB cause the AnkB syndrome in humans, characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. It is unclear to what extent NKA binding to AnkB allows regulation of local Na+ and Ca2+ domains and hence NCX activity.

Methods and results
To investigate the role of NKA binding to AnkB in cardiomyocytes, we synthesized a disruptor peptide (MAB peptide) and its AnkB binding ability was verified by pulldown experiments. As opposed to control, the correlation between NKA and NCX currents was abolished in adult rat ventricular myocytes dialyzed with MAB peptide, as well as in cardiomyocytes from AnkB+/− mice. Disruption of NKA from AnkB (with MAB peptide) increased NCX-sensed cytosolic Na+ concentration, reduced Ca2+ extrusion through NCX, and increased frequency of Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves without concomitant increase in Ca2+ transient amplitude or SR Ca2+ load, suggesting an effect in local Ca2+ domains. Selective inhibition of the NKAα2 isoform abolished both the correlation between NKA and NCX currents and the increased rate of Ca2+ sparks and waves following NKA/AnkB disruption, suggesting that an AnkB/NKAα2/NCX domain controls Ca2+ fluxes in cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
NKA binding to AnkB allows ion regulation in a local domain, and acute disruption of the NKA/AnkB interaction using disruptor peptides lead to increased rate of Ca2+ sparks and waves. The functional effects were mediated through the NKAα2 isoform. Disruption of the AnkB/NKA/NCX domain could be an important pathophysiological mechanism in the AnkB syndrome.
The effect of diet on hypertensive pathology: is there a link via gut microbiota-driven immunometabolism?
Authors: Jama Hamdi A , Beale Anna , Shihata Waled A , Marques Francine Z 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Over the past decade, the immune system has emerged as an important component in the aetiology of hypertension. There has been a blooming interest in the contribution of the gut microbiota, the microbes that inhabit our small and large intestine, to blood pressure (BP) regulation. The gastrointestinal tract houses the largest number of immune cells in our body, thus, it is no surprise that its microbiota plays an important functional role in the appropriate development of the immune system through a co-ordinated sequence of events leading to immune tolerance of commensal bacteria. Importantly, recent evidence supports that the gut microbiota can protect or promote the development of experimental hypertension and is likely to have a role in human hypertension. One of the major modulators of the gut microbiota is diet: diets that emphasize high intake of fermentable fibre, such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, promote expansion of protective microbes that release gut metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, which are immune-, BP-, and cardio-protective, likely acting through G-coupled protein receptors. In contrast, diets lacking fibre or high in salt and fat, such as the Western diet, reduce prevalence of commensal microbial species and support a pathogenic and pro-inflammatory environment, including the release of the pro-atherosclerotic trimethylamine N-oxide. Here, we review the current understanding of the gut microbiota-driven immune dysfunction in both experimental and clinical hypertension, and how these changes may be addressed through dietary interventions.
Digital expression explorer 2: a repository of uniformly processed RNA sequencing data
Authors: Ziemann Mark , Kaspi Antony , El-Osta Assam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is an indispensable tool in the study of gene regulation. While the technology has brought with it better transcript coverage and quantification, there remain considerable barriers to entry for the computational biologist to analyse large data sets. There is a real need for a repository of uniformly processed RNA-seq data that is easy to use.

Findings
To address these obstacles, we developed Digital Expression Explorer 2 (DEE2), a web-based repository of RNA-seq data in the form of gene-level and transcript-level expression counts. DEE2 contains &gt;5.3 trillion assigned reads from 580,000 RNA-seq data sets including species Escherichia coli, yeast, Arabidopsis, worm, fruit fly, zebrafish, rat, mouse, and human. Base-space sequence data downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive underwent quality control prior to transcriptome and genome mapping using open-source tools. Uniform data processing methods ensure consistency across experiments, facilitating fast and reproducible meta-analyses.

Conclusions
The web interface allows users to quickly identify data sets of interest using accession number and keyword searches. The data can also be accessed programmatically using a specifically designed R package. We demonstrate that DEE2 data are compatible with statistical packages such as edgeR or DESeq. Bulk data are also available for download. DEE2 can be found at http://dee2.io.
Chromosome-scale assemblies reveal the structural evolution of African cichlid genomes
Authors: Conte Matthew A , Joshi Rajesh , Moore Emily C , Nandamuri Sri Pratima , Gammerdinger William J , Roberts Reade B , Carleton Karen L , Lien Sigbjørn , Kocher Thomas D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
African cichlid fishes are well known for their rapid radiations and are a model system for studying evolutionary processes. Here we compare multiple, high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying cichlid diversification and study how genome structure evolves in rapidly radiating lineages.

Results
We re-anchored our recent assembly of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) genome using a new high-density genetic map. We also developed a new de novo genome assembly of the Lake Malawi cichlid, Metriaclima zebra, using high-coverage Pacific Biosciences sequencing, and anchored contigs to linkage groups (LGs) using 4 different genetic maps. These new anchored assemblies allow the first chromosome-scale comparisons of African cichlid genomes. Large intra-chromosomal structural differences (~2–28 megabase pairs) among species are common, while inter-chromosomal differences are rare (&lt;10 megabase pairs total). Placement of the centromeres within the chromosome-scale assemblies identifies large structural differences that explain many of the karyotype differences among species. Structural differences are also associated with unique patterns of recombination on sex chromosomes. Structural differences on LG9, LG11, and LG20 are associated with reduced recombination, indicative of inversions between the rock- and sand-dwelling clades of Lake Malawi cichlids. M. zebra has a larger number of recent transposable element insertions compared with O. niloticus, suggesting that several transposable element families have a higher rate of insertion in the haplochromine cichlid lineage.

Conclusion
This study identifies novel structural variation among East African cichlid genomes and provides a new set of genomic resources to support research on the mechanisms driving cichlid adaptation and speciation.
What Happens After a Positive Screen for Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Outpatient Burn Clinic?
Authors: Carmean Melissa , Grigorian Areg , Stefan Julie , Godes Natalya , Burton Kimberly , Joe Victor C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Multiple reports have demonstrated a wide prevalence of both depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within 1 year of burn injury. The purpose of this study is to determine outcomes of burn patients after a positive outpatient screen for depression or PTSD at an American Burn Association-verified burn center. All patients who screened positive were offered referral for psychologic and/or psychiatric counseling. Rescreening was performed with a goal of approximately 6 months. A total of 445 patients were enrolled with 91 (20.6%) screening positive for depression and 59 (13.4%) for PTSD. TBSA burned was associated with a positive screen for depression (P = .008) and PTSD (P = .012) while electrical injury was associated with a positive screen for depression (P = .029). Rescreening was done in 15.5% with 23% rescreening positive for depression and 15% for PTSD. The study validated the need for early screening and referral for psychologic and/or psychiatric counseling in this population.
Cost-Utility of Early Breast Cancer Surveillance in Survivors of Thoracic Radiation-Treated Adolescent Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Furzer Jill , Tessier Lauren , Hodgson David , Cotton Cecilia , Nathan Paul C , Gupta Sumit , Pechlivanoglou Petros 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Adolescent women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at increased risk of breast cancer (BC). We evaluate the cost-utility of eight high-risk BC surveillance strategies for this population, including the Children’s Oncology Group guideline of same-day annual mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) beginning at age 25 years.

Methods
A discrete event simulation model was used to simulate the life histories of a cohort of 500 000 25-year-old women treated for HL at age 15 years. We estimated BC incidence and mortality, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), health-care costs, and the relative cost-utility (incremental cost-utility ratio [ICUR]) under the eight assessed surveillance strategies. One-way sensitivity analysis enabled modeling of uncertainty evaluation. A publicly funded health-care payer perspective was adopted.

Results
Costs across the eight screening strategies ranged from $32 643 to $43 739, whereas QALYs ranged from 24.419 to 24.480. In an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, annual mammography beginning at age 25 years was associated with an ICUR of $43 000/QALY gained, annual MRI beginning at age 25 years with a switch to annual mammography at age 50 years had an ICUR of $148 000/QALY, and annual MRI beginning at age 25 years had an ICUR of $227 222/QALY. Among all assessed surveillance strategies, the differences in life expectancy were small.

Conclusions
Current high-risk BC surveillance guidelines do not reflect the most cost-effective strategy in survivors of adolescent HL. The results suggest that groups at high risk of BC may require high-risk surveillance guidelines that reflect their specific risk profile.