bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES MICROBIOCENOSIS UNDER THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS AND CHRONIC GASTRODUODENITIS IN THE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Lisetska I. S. , Rozhko M. M. , Kutsyk R. V. 
Published: March 2019

Background. The key links in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases are the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the microflora of oral cavity, with the simultaneous deterioration of oral hygiene, reduction of local and general immunity, which occurs more often in the presence of somatic diseases.
Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the developed treatment-prophylactic complex in the adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis before and after treatment.
Methods. Changes were made to and before the treatment of clinical parameters, gingival microbiocenosis of 38 adolescents with generalized catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis aged 12-18 years old, who comprised the main group. In the comparison group 25 adolescents of similar age diagnosed with generalized catarrhal gingivitis without any somatic diseases were involved.
Results. It has been established that used combination (drug of plant origin with antimicrobial properties + dental gel with Metronidazole benzoate and Chlorhexidine digluconate + capsules of probiotics) yields the conventional treatment as well as exceeds it for examined clinical indicators and indexes. The treatment and prophylaxis with suggested complex have proved a significant positive effect on the gums microbiocenosis in adolescents with generalized catarrhal gingivitis and underlying concomitant gastroduodenitis.
Conclusions. The suggested therapeutic and prophylactic complex provides a reduction in the massiveness and colonization frequency of the gum mucosa by pathogenic aerobic microflora (β-hemolytic streptococcus, golden staphylococcus, and yeast-like Candida fungi).
RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF SEVERE DAMAGES OF LOWER EXTREMITIES INTEGUMENT AFTER INJURY
Authors: Ponomarenko O. V. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Injury of lower extremities requires the fastest and most effective method of closing wound surfaces.
Objective. The aim of the study was to define the indications and improve the reconstructive interventions for severe damage of lower extremities integument due to mechanical trauma.
Methods. During 2008-2016, 242 patients with defects of cover tissues of the body and extremities were operated in the clinic. Depending on the size, depth and degree of tissues damage, all were divided into 4 groups.
Results. The lower extremity was the most vulnerable segment (75.2% of patients). Damage Control tactics was used in 83% of cases. To protect the functionally tense areas, free plastics by a split skin graft (the 1st group – 12.8%, the 2nd – 20.4%, the 3rd – 37%, the 4th – 8.9%) were used for closure of the defect. If the wound defect affected functionally significant structures up to 1% of the body surface, the complex flaps of local tissues, tissues close to the defect and anatomically distant areas (the 2nd group – 6%, the 3rd – 10.6%, the 4th – 4.3%) were used. If the defect was more than 1% of the body surface only functionally tense areas were closed with compound complexes of tissues. The rest of the skin was restored by means of autodermoplastics. We suggested and approved our specific protocol of treatment of such injury.
Conclusions. Implementation of the suggested protocol of reconstructive interventions for closure of the defects of cover tissues of lower limbs allowed attaining a positive result in 98.8% of the interventions.
MELPHALAN-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY IN THE BONE MARROW OF RATS BY FLOW CYTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Gerashchenko B I. , Todor I. M. , Shevchuk O. O. , Nikolaev V. G. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Bone marrow (BM) that contains hematopoietic cells of various lineages is a sensitive target for a number of cytotoxic agents including chemotherapy drugs.
Objective. Flow cytometry (FCM) was chosen to test cytotoxicity in BM of rats, that received melphalan either intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.).
Methods. One group of rats received melphalan i.v. (3 mg/kg) followed by the BM examination on the 3rd and 7th day after drug administration, whereas another group of animals received this drug i.p. in total doses of 9 and 15 mg/kg followed by the BM examination on the next day after the 3rd and 5th injection of the drug. BM cells were stained with acridine orange and analyzed by FCM. Cytotoxicity was assessed by determining the percentage of total nucleated cells (TNC%) among the whole BM cell population and by determining the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE%) among the whole population of enucleated erythrocytes.
Results. Regardless of the dose and regimen of melphalan administration, either i.v. or i.p. administered drug caused a significant reduction of TNC%. On the average, the i.p. administered drug resulted in about 2.0-fold decrease of TNC% (P<0.05), while the i.v. administered drug resulted in about 1.3-fold decrease of TNC% (P<0.05). As for enucleated erythrocytes, the i.p. administered drug resulted in about 1.4-fold decrease of PCE% (P<0.05), whereas the i.v. administered drug did not cause any changes in the PCE%.
Conclusions. Under these experimental conditions, i.p. administrated melphalan is considerably more cytotoxic than i.v. administered melphalan. This cytotoxic effect is preferentially due to impaired erythropoiesis.
“Worth the Walk”: Culturally Tailored Stroke Risk Factor Reduction Intervention in Community Senior Centers
Authors: Menkin Josephine A. , McCreath Heather E. , Song Sarah Y. , Carrillo Carmen A. , Reyes Carmen E. , Trejo Laura , Choi Sarah E. , Willis Phyllis , Jimenez Elizabeth , Ma Sina , Chang Emiley , Liu Honghu , Kwon Ivy , Kotick John , Sarkisian Catherine A. 
Published: March 2019

Background
Racial/ethnic minority older adults have worse stroke burden than non‐Hispanic white and younger counterparts. Our academic‐community partner team tested a culturally tailored 1‐month (8‐session) intervention to increase walking and stroke knowledge among Latino, Korean, Chinese, and black seniors.

Methods and Results
We conducted a randomized wait‐list controlled trial of 233 adults aged 60 years and older, with a history of hypertension, recruited from senior centers. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0), immediately after the 1‐month intervention (T1), and 2 months later (T2). The primary outcome was pedometer‐measured change in steps. Secondary outcomes included stroke knowledge (eg, intention to call 911 for stroke symptoms) and other self‐reported and clinical measures of health. Mean age of participants was 74 years; 90% completed T2. Intervention participants had better daily walking change scores than control participants at T1 (489 versus −398 steps; mean difference in change=887; 97.5% CI, 137–1636), but not T2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons (233 versus −714; mean difference in change=947; 97.5% CI, −108 to 2002). The intervention increased the percent of stroke symptoms for which participants would call 911 (from 49% to 68%); the control group did not change (mean difference in change T0–T1=22%; 99.9% CI, 9–34%). This effect persisted at T2. The intervention did not affect measures of health (eg, blood pressure).

Conclusions
This community‐partnered intervention did not succeed in increasing and sustaining meaningful improvements in walking levels among minority seniors, but it caused large, sustained improvements in stroke preparedness.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02181062.
The Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in Southern Africa Field Campaign in Namibia: Overview, Illustrative Observations, and Way Forward
Authors: Formenti Paola , D’Anna Barbara , Flamant Cyrille , Mallet Marc , Piketh Stuart John , Schepanski Kerstin , Waquet Fabien , Auriol Frédérique , Brogniez Gerard , Burnet Frédéric , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Chauvigné Aurélien , Chazette Patrick , Denjean Cyrielle , Desboeufs Karine , Doussin Jean-François , Elguindi Nellie , Feuerstein Stefanie , Gaetani Marco , Giorio Chiara , Klopper Danitza , Mallet Marc Daniel , Nabat Pierre , Monod Anne , Solmon Fabien , Namwoonde Andreas , Chikwililwa Chibo , Mushi Roland , Welton Ellsworth Judd , Holben Brent 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Aerosol, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) project investigates the role of aerosols on the regional climate of southern Africa. This is a unique environment where natural and anthropogenic aerosols and a semipermanent and widespread stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck are found. The project aims to understand the dynamical, chemical, and radiative processes involved in aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions over land and ocean and under various meteorological conditions. The AEROCLO-sA field campaign was conducted in August and September of 2017 over Namibia. An aircraft equipped with active and passive remote sensors and aerosol in situ probes performed a total of 30 research flight hours. In parallel, a ground-based mobile station with state-of-the-art in situ aerosol probes and remote sensing instrumentation was implemented over coastal Namibia, and complemented by ground-based and balloonborne observations of the dynamical, thermodynamical, and physical properties of the lower troposphere. The focus laid on mineral dust emitted from salty pans and ephemeral riverbeds in northern Namibia, the advection of biomass-burning aerosol plumes from Angola subsequently transported over the Atlantic Ocean, and aerosols in the marine boundary layer at the ocean–atmosphere interface. This article presents an overview of the AEROCLO-sA field campaign with results from the airborne and surface measurements. These observations provide new knowledge of the interactions of aerosols and radiation in cloudy and clear skies in connection with the atmospheric dynamics over southern Africa. They will foster new advanced climate simulations and enhance the capability of spaceborne sensors, ultimately allowing a better prediction of future climate and weather in southern Africa.
Assessing the Influence of Microphysical and Environmental Parameter Perturbations on Orographic Precipitation
Authors: Morales Annareli , Posselt Derek J. , Morrison Hugh , He Fei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrophysical (MP) schemes contain parameters whose values can impact the amount and location of forecasted precipitation, and sensitivity is typically explored by perturbing one parameter at a time while holding the rest constant. Although much can be learned from these “one-at-a-time” studies, the results are limited as these methods do not allow for nonlinear interactions of multiple perturbed parameters. This study applies the Morris one-at-a-time (MOAT) method, a robust statistical tool allowing for simultaneous perturbation of numerous parameters, to explore orographic precipitation sensitivity to changes in microphysical and environmental parameters within an environment characteristic of an atmospheric river. Results show parameters associated with snow fall speed coefficient As and density ρs, ice-cloud water collection efficiency (ECI), rain accretion (WRA), relative humidity, zonal wind speed, and surface potential temperature cause the largest influence on simulated precipitation. MP and environmental parameter perturbations can cause precipitation changes of similar magnitude, but results vary by location on the mountain. Different environments are also tested, with As being the most influential MP parameter regardless of environment. Fewer MP parameters influence precipitation in a faster-wind-speed environment, possibly due to the stronger dynamical forcing upwind and different wave dynamics downwind, compared to a slower-wind-speed environment. Finally, perturbing MP parameters within a single scheme can result in precipitation variations of similar magnitude compared to using entirely different microphysics schemes. MOAT results presented in this study have implications for Bayesian parameter estimation methods and stochastic parameterization within ensemble forecasting.
Climate Variability and Change of Mediterranean-Type Climates
Authors: Seager Richard , Osborn Timothy J. , Kushnir Yochanan , Simpson Isla R. , Nakamura Jennifer , Liu Haibo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMediterranean-type climates are defined by temperate, wet winters, and hot or warm dry summers and exist at the western edges of five continents in locations determined by the geography of winter storm tracks and summer subtropical anticyclones. The climatology, variability, and long-term changes in winter precipitation in Mediterranean-type climates, and the mechanisms for model-projected near-term future change, are analyzed. Despite commonalities in terms of location in the context of planetary-scale dynamics, the causes of variability are distinct across the regions. Internal atmospheric variability is the dominant source of winter precipitation variability in all Mediterranean-type climate regions, but only in the Mediterranean is this clearly related to annular mode variability. Ocean forcing of variability is a notable influence only for California and Chile. As a consequence, potential predictability of winter precipitation variability in the regions is low. In all regions, the trend in winter precipitation since 1901 is similar to that which arises as a response to changes in external forcing in the models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. All Mediterranean-type climate regions, except in North America, have dried and the models project further drying over coming decades. In the Northern Hemisphere, dynamical processes are responsible: development of a winter ridge over the Mediterranean that suppresses precipitation and of a trough west of the North American west coast that shifts the Pacific storm track equatorward. In the Southern Hemisphere, mixed dynamic–thermodynamic changes are important that place a minimum in vertically integrated water vapor change at the coast and enhance zonal dry advection into Mediterranean-type climate regions inland.
Pearls of wisdom: using the single case study or ‘gem’ to identify strategies for mediating stress and work-life imbalance in healthcare staff
Authors: Clouston Teena J 
Published: March 2019

Background The growing levels of stress and work-life imbalance reported in contemporary health and social care arenas in the UK can be linked to the neoliberal principles driving performance and intensification in the workforce. These pressures are an area of concern in terms of staff health and wellbeing and the impact of these on the care and compassion of patients/service users. Aims This paper reports on a single case study that was part of a wider interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) that aimed to explore the levels of stress and work-life imbalance experienced by occupational therapists working in health and social-care sectors in Wales in the UK. Methods Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used as both an approach and tool of analysis. The use of the single case study and gem as a tool in IPA to pique interest and promote further investigation is also explicated. Results Identified four key strategies that underpinned an approach to mediating stress and work-life balance for staff in the workplace. These were: a sense of choice and autonomy over workloads and decision-making; congruence with family values; supportive workplace attitudes and expectations of others; and finally, that the ability to reconcile conflicts i.e. integrate or harmonise them with personal values, as opposed to holding a sense of compromise marked by concession or loss, can address cognitive and emotional dissonance. Conclusions The existing constructs to support the health and wellbeing of staff in health and social-care settings are ineffective. These strategies offer tools to address this and successfully promote a sense of personal integrity and meaning in life. In turn, this can achieve and sustain a more resilient workforce providing the positive energy needed to be caring and compassionate in their practice.
The experiences of inpatient nursing staff caring for young people with early psychosis
Authors: Thompson Jessica , Boden Zoe VR , Newton Elizabeth K , Fenton Kelly , Hickman Gareth , Larkin Michael 
Published: March 2019

Background Early intervention services aim to improve outcomes for people with first episode psychosis and, where possible, to prevent psychiatric hospital admission. When hospitalisation does occur, inpatient staff are required to support patients and families who may be less familiar with services, uncertain about possible outcomes, and may be experiencing a psychiatric hospital for the first time. Aims Our study aimed to understand the process of hospitalisation in early psychosis, from the perspective of inpatient nursing staff. We were particularly interested in their experiences of working with younger people in the context of adult psychiatric wards. Methods Nine inpatient nursing staff took part in semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Five themes are outlined: ‘it’s all new and it’s all learning’; the threatening, unpredictable environment; care and conflict within the intergenerational relationship; motivation and hope; and coping and self-preservation. Conclusions The phenomenological focus of our approach throws the relational component of psychiatric nursing into sharp relief. We reflect on the implications for organisations, staff, families and young people. We suggest that the conventional mode of delivering acute psychiatric inpatient care is not likely to support the best relational and therapeutic outcomes.
Preferences for exercise among black individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kinnett-Hopkins Dominique , Motl Robert 
Published: March 2019

Background The promotion of exercise among black individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for managing the functional and symptomatic manifestations of MS. Objective The objective of this study was to elicit exercise program preferences among black individuals with MS. Methods Participants completed a survey delivered through Qualtrics. The survey measured exercise program component preferences, the importance of racial considerations, and barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. Results Forty black individuals with MS completed the survey and reported a preference for five days per week (range 0–7) of exercise at a moderate intensity (50% of the sample). Over 60% of participants desired an exercise program that was longer than six months, and over half wanted the aid of a behavioral coach. Participants preferred weight/resistance training exercises (52.5%) and easy walking (35%) modalities. The outcomes expected from exercise were increased muscle strength (65%) and improved overall body functioning (60%). The anticipated barriers for exercise were largely fatigue (40%) and time management (32.5%). The desired facilitators were a personal trainer (57.5%) and more exercise information (32.5%). Cultural and racial tailoring was very important or held some importance on the components of the program. Conclusion The findings of this study should be considered when developing exercise interventions for black individuals with MS.
Analysis of anterior tibial subluxation to the femur at maximum extension in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees
Authors: Nishida Kyohei , Matsushita Takehiko , Araki Daisuke , Sasaki Hiroshi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Hoshino Yuichi , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Nagamune Kouki , Niikura Takahiro , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The factors affecting anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) have not yet been well examined. To assess the factors affecting ATS in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees. Methods: One hundred twenty-four patients with unilateral ACL injuries were included. True lateral views of the ACL-deficient knee and contralateral normal knee were obtained during maximum extension using fluoroscopy under general anesthesia, and ATS was calculated as the side-to-side difference in the tibial position relative to the femur. Patients were divided into four groups according to the time from injury to surgery. To identify the factors affecting ATS, the following possible factors were assessed: (1) the time from injury to surgery, (2) presence of a medial meniscal injury, and (3) posterior tibial slope angle. Results: There was a positive correlation between the ATS ratio and the time from injury to surgery ( r = 0.52). The ratio of the presence of a medial meniscus injury was significantly higher in patients who underwent anterior tibial subluxation reconstruction (ACL-R) more than 12 months after an injury than in other patients who underwent ACL-R within 12 months after an injury. The ATS ratio was significantly higher in patients with a medial meniscus injury than in those without a medial meniscus injury (5.6% vs. 4.1%). Conclusions: Our results suggested that ACL-R should be performed within 6 months after injury if surgeons prefer to avoid an increase in ATS in maximum knee extension and at the latest within 12 months to avoid medial meniscal injury at the time of ACL-R.
Paradigm Shift in Indian Executive Education: Need of the Hour
Authors: Murthy P. V. 
Published: March 2019

In this article, the author draws a comprehensive comparison between pedagogies used in Indian and Western Education to opine that executive education in India needs to undergo an overhaul to stay relevant in today’s changing times. The author remarks that the teaching pedagogy in India should move away from the ‘knowledge-transfer’ and ‘theory-based’ model and adapt an ‘experiential and reflective’ learning method, which has been successfully adopted by the many Western business schools. Executive education in India needs to design an enriched and enhanced curricula to be at par with their global counterparts, and thus, the author thinks that it is a need of the hour to bring about a paradigm shift in the current business education in India.