bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggers of Lapse and Relapse of Diet and Exercise in Behavioral Weight Loss
Authors: Swencionis Charles , Smith‐Wexler Lucia , Lent Michelle R. , Cimino Christopher , Segal‐Isaacson C.J. , Ginsberg Mindy , Caban‐Pocai Arlene , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Theodore John L. , Wylie‐Rosett Judith 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) develop instruments to evaluate situations that lead to lapse and relapse in diet and exercise and (2) prospectively investigate when and which psychosocial situations predict failure to lose weight in a clinical trial of intentional weight loss.MethodsParticipants were 469 individuals with overweight or obesity participating in a behavioral weight loss program (age: mean = 53.6 years, SD = 11.4; BMI: mean = 35.7 kg/m2, SD = 6.5).ResultsThe Cronbach alphas for the Diet Lapse and Relapse Triggers Scale and the Exercise Lapse and Relapse Triggers Scale were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Subscale alphas ranged from 0.60 to 0.96. Lapse and relapse were assessed at 3 and 9 months for associations with weight loss at 12 months. At 9 months, diet triggers were negative emotional states (beta = 0.11, P = 0.02) and urges (beta = 0.14, P = 0.01). Predicted social situations showed the opposite (beta = −0.09, P = 0.02). Exercise subscales were all nonsignificant.ConclusionsFindings suggest the ongoing importance of addressing negative emotional states and the contributing influence of urges. The novel finding that participants whose difficulties arise in social situations may do better over time requires further study.
Livestock biodiversity as interface between people, landscapes and nature
Authors: Hall Stephen J. G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Livestock breeds, and the genetic diversity they embody, are components of global biodiversity.

Intimately enfolded in human societies, they are also components of agroecosystems, providing food, non‐food products, and other services including labour and social security. Under traditional management in pastoral systems, they can assure conservation of landscapes and of floral and faunal biodiversity.

Conservation of these genetic resources has been supported scientifically by animal genetics. This paper argues that ecosystem services science could provide further support to, and will in turn benefit from involvement in, genetic conservation. The focus is on the cultural significance in its landscape contexts of livestock biodiversity, and it is recommended that linkages be strengthened among ecosystem sciences, cultural geography and animal sciences.

These linkages will help development of policies that enhance the delivery, and support the resilience, of the ecosystem services provided by livestock and the systems of which they are part. Policy interventions that promote the conservation and sustainable development of livestock biodiversity are likely to confer both ecological and cultural benefits, and strengthen linkages between people and nature.

In turn, while the science of ecosystem services should take more account of livestock biodiversity, animal sciences should engage more with its cultural dimensions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Thermal conductivity of high density polyethylene: Cold plasma modified graphite composites
Authors: Ramos‐de Valle Luis F. , Neira‐Velázquez Maria G. , Borjas‐Ramos José J. , Moggio Ivana , Arias Eduardo , Gallardo‐Vega Carlos A. , Soriano‐Corral Florentino , Soria‐Arguello Gustavo , Ramírez‐Vargas Eduardo , Sánchez‐Valdés Saúl , Espinoza‐Martínez Adriana B. , Hernández‐Hernández Ernesto , Narro‐Céspedes Rosa I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural graphite particles (NG) were surface modified via ethylene plasma treatment and characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ethylene polymerized during plasma treatment forming both a thin layer on the graphite particles surface and polyethylene particles that penetrate into the graphite layers, favoring its delamination or exfoliation. This beneficial effect finally impacts in the thermal properties of the composites: in fact, thermal conductivity (k) determined via modulated differential thermal calorimetry is, in general, larger than that of the pure polyethylene because of the graphite contribution and, with a major increase for graphite composites obtained with the treated than untreated NG because of the better dispersion.
Synthesis of well‐defined hairy polymer microspheres by precipitation polymerization and surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Ullah Md. Wali , Haraguchi Naoki 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA variety of polymer microspheres were successfully synthesized by the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) of monomers by using monodisperse polymer microsphere having benzyl halide moiety as a multifunctional polymeric initiator. First, a series of monodisperse polymer microsphere having benzyl chloride with variable monomer ratio (P(St‐DVB‐VBC)) were synthesized by the precipitation polymerization of styrene (St), divinylbenzene (DVB), and 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC). Next, hairy polymer microspheres were synthesized by the surface‐initiated ATRP of various monomers with P(St‐DVB‐VBC) microsphere as a multifunctional polymeric initiator. The hair length determined by the SEC analysis of free polymer was increased with the increase of M/I. These hairy polymer microspheres were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, and Cl content measurements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1296–1304
NMR structure of a full‐length single‐pass membrane protein NRADD
Authors: Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Goncharuk Sergey A. , Arseniev Aleksander S. , Mineev Konstantin S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStructural study of any single‐pass membrane protein is both an important and challenging task. In this report, we present the structure of a neurotrophin receptor‐alike death‐domain protein. The structure and dynamics of the protein was investigated by conventional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in the solution of phospholipid bicelles. The receptor contains two folded regions—α‐helical transmembrane domain and globular C‐terminal death domain with more than 50% of the rest of backbone being disordered. This is the first structure of a full‐length single‐pass membrane receptor‐alike protein solved by the single method.
Spherical formation tracking control for second‐order agents with unknown general flowfields and strongly connected topologies
Authors: Chen Yang‐Yang , Ai Xiang , Zhang Ya 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis article addresses the problem of directing a family of second‐order agents suffering external flowfields to achieve the lateral formation tracking motion on a target sphere. Distinguishing from the existing results based on bidirectional networks, this paper firstly attempts to deal with the fixed directed strongly connected multiagent systems and then the switch directed networks with the strong connectivity of each topology. Both the velocity field (eg, the constant‐velocity flowfield, the rotating flowfield, Eulerian specification flowfield, the parameterized flowfield) and the gravitational field are under consideration, where the flow specification is a spatiotemporal variable with an unknown parameter vector. Therefore, it is known as the general flowfield. To access to the fixed network, a new second‐order observer for the velocity field as well as an adaptive estimate for the gravitational field are constructed by using the tool of adaptive backstepping in the beginning. They, together with the distributed control laws in the spherical normal, lateral, and longitudinal directions, are proposed to accomplish spherical tracking, circular tracking, and lateral formation. For the purpose of avoiding the overparametrization of observer and reducing the complexity of design, a minimum‐order observer is proposed later. Finally, our proposed methods servicing to the fixed topologies are developed to the cases where the switching topologies are directed and each one is strongly connected. The stability of the fixed and directed strongly connected system is investigated based on the Barbalat's lemma, whereas the Lyapunov stability theory of nonsmooth systems is introduced to analyze the stability of the switching cases. Theoretical results are proven by the numerical examples.
A machine learning perspective on responsible gambling
Authors: HASSANNIAKALAGER ARMAN , NEWALL PHILIP W.S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGamblers are frequently reminded to ‘gamble responsibly’. But these qualitative reminders come with no quantitative information for gamblers to judge relative product risk in skill-based gambling forms. By comparison, consumers purchasing alcohol are informed of product strength by alcohol by volume percentage (ABV%) or similar labels. This paper uses mixed logistic regression machine learning to uncover the potential variation in soccer betting outcomes. This paper uses data from four bet types and eight seasons of English Premier League soccer, ending in 2018. Outcomes across each bet type were compared using three betting strategies: the most-skilled prediction, a random strategy and the least-skilled prediction. There was a large spread in betting outcomes, with, for example, the per-bet average loss varying by a factor of 54 (from 1.1% to 58.9%). Gamblers’ losses were positively correlated with the observable betting odds across all bets, indicating that betting odds are one salient feature that could be used to inform gamblers about product risk. Such large differences in product risk are relevant to the promotion of responsible gambling.
Trauma-informed child welfare practice model in Methodist Welfare Services Covenant Family Service Centre (Singapore)
Authors: Ng-Tay Cindy Hui Mei , Teo Joyce , Ng Yi Ying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn view of the rise in child abuse in Singapore, our Family Service Centre developed a child welfare practice model to guide and anchor our practitioners in trauma-informed approaches. This practice model was developed over two years through literature reviews and qualitative interviews with practitioners. Three aspects of the practice model were found to be key in ensuring practitioners were trauma-informed in their practices, these being: the principles and values related to trauma-informed practice; reflection by practitioners on their attachment history and self; and the assessment of caregivers’ characteristics. Despite this practice model being largely beneficial for practitioners in our agency, implementation in the local context gives rise to certain challenges due to differences in beliefs about disciplining children.
A Preliminary Analysis of a Home-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Program in Windsor, Ontario
Authors: Voth Jennifer , Petro Jason , Mallender Michael , Bridgen Sonja , Mannan Sara , Jackson Marla , Liem Nathania R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Community stroke rehabilitation (CSR) is an effective program for survivors to recover at home supported by a multidisciplinary team. A home-based, specialized CSR program was delivered in Windsor, Ontario, to stroke patients who faced barriers to accessing outpatient services following inpatient rehabilitation. Preliminary results show program patients made significant functional improvements from baseline to program discharge. A subgroup analysis revealed that, after adjusting for age and resource intensity, moderate to severe stroke patients made greater functional gains compared to mild stroke patients. The individualized focus of CSR delivered in the home provides an effective model of rehabilitation for continued stroke care in the community.
White Matter Damage in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Bouchard Louis-Olivier , Wilson Maximiliano A. , Laforce Robert , Duchesne Simon 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Background: The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a form of dementia, mainly featuring language impairment, for which the extent of white matter (WM) damage is less described than its associated grey matter (GM) atrophy. Our study aimed to characterise the extent of this damage using a sensitive and unbiased approach. Methods: We conducted a between-group study comparing 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of svPPA, recruited between 2011 and 2014 at a tertiary reference centre, with 9 cognitively healthy, age-matched controls. From diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, we extracted fractional anisotropy (FA) values using a tract-based spatial statistics approach. We further obtained GM volumetric data using the Freesurfer automated segmentation tool. We compared both groups using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, correcting for multiple comparisons. Results: Demographic data showed that patients and controls were comparable. As expected, clinical data showed lower results in svPPA than controls on cognitive screening tests. Tractography showed impaired diffusion in svPPA patients, with FA mostly decreased in the longitudinal, uncinate, cingulum and external capsule fasciculi. Volumetric data show significant atrophy in svPPA patients, mostly in the left entorhinal, amygdala, inferior temporal, middle temporal, superior temporal and temporal pole cortices, and bilateral fusiform gyri. Conclusions: This syndrome appears to be associated not only with GM but also significant WM degeneration. Thus, DTI could play a role in the differential diagnosis of atypical dementia by specifying WM damage specific to svPPA.
Risks when Reforming: Challenges and Sustainability of RIA Systems: Results of the First Systematic Study on RIA Reforms in Developing Countries
Authors: KAMKHAJI Jonathan C , LADEGAARD Peter , LUNDKVIST Petter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article reports on and discusses the findings of the first systematic study on Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) reforms in developing and transition economies. The macro part of the study reveals that between 2001 and 2016 60 such reforms were launched in total, with 20 of them leading to functional RIA systems two years or more after they were initiated. Appropriate and complete reform design, analysed by measuring compliance with six internationally recognised “good practices”, is found to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for early success. To develop a better understanding of challenging factors for RIA reforms’ success the micro part of the investigation analyses four case studies (Botswana, Cambodia, Kenya and Uganda). Findings point to the importance of donor flexibility and patience and the need for building reform constituencies inside and outside government. The traditional orthodoxy of regulatory impact assessment reforms as an extension of red tape reduction is challenged. The article finally presents several possible policy implications of the findings.
The effectiveness of a novel colorant additive in the daily cleaning of patient rooms
Authors: Rathod Shardul N. , Beauvais Karen , Sullivan Linda K. , Sudikoff Stephanie N. , Peaper David R. , Martinello Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe quality of daily cleaning was assessed comparing a standard bleach product with the bleach product containing a novel colorant additive in an inpatient setting. Effectiveness was assessed using fluorescent markings and microbiological analysis of environmental and experimental specimens. Our findings showed no significant difference in cleaning between these groups.
Solarization to control downy brome (Bromus tectorum) for small-scale ecological restoration
Authors: Orr Matthew R. , Reuter Ron J. , Murphy Shanti J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a common impediment to ecological restoration, because its seedbank remains viable after repeated treatment with herbicides. Soil solarization has been used in ecological restoration to control seedbanks of invasive plants. Here we test the efficacy of soil solarization to reduce B. tectorum cover and establish native plants at a site in B. tectorum’s core invasive range with a long history of disturbance and infestation. Solarization raised soil temperatures by as much as 13 C and reduced B. tectorum densities by approximately 20-fold. In 30 plots solarized for 0 to 101 d, B. tectorum emerged in inverse abundance to treatment duration. Broadleaf weeds were less abundant than B. tectorum before treatment, and diminished under solarization, but their response to solarization was weaker than B. tectorum’s, and they emerged in greater numbers than B. tectorum 2 to 3 yr after treatment. When seeded after solarization, a native perennial bunchgrass, squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey], did not differ in abundance between solarized and control plots. Solarization may facilitate B. tectorum control on a small scale without jeopardizing the establishment of native plants, but only if treatment durations are long and subsequent management of broadleaf weeds and remnant B. tectorum is planned.
Fractal features of turbulent/non-turbulent interface in a shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction flow
Authors: Zhuang Yi , Tan Huijun , Wang Weixing , Li Xin , Guo Yunjie 
Published: April 2019

Fractal features of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) flows are essential in understanding the physics of the SWBLI and the supersonic turbulent boundary layer, yet have received almost no attention previously. Accordingly, this study utilises a high spatiotemporal resolution visualisation technique, ice-cluster-based planar laser scattering (IC-PLS), to acquire the TNTI downstream of the reattachment in a SWBLI flow. Evolution of the fractal features of the TNTI in this SWBLI flow is analysed by comparing the parameters of the TNTI acquired in this study with those from a previous result (Zhuang et al.J. Fluid Mech., vol. 843, 2018a).
Marine Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) from Southwestern Florida, USA
Authors: Hadden Carla S , Schwadron Margo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn southwestern Florida, USA, terraformed landscapes built almost entirely of oyster shells (Crassostrea virginica) reflect a unique pre-Columbian tradition of shell-built architecture. The ability to reliably date oyster shells is essential to identifying spatial, temporal, and functional relationships among shellworks sites, yet to date there has been no systematic attempt to quantify or correct for carbon reservoir effects in this region. Here we present 14 radiocarbon (14C) ages for 5 known-age, pre-bomb oyster shells collected between AD 1932–1948, as well as 6 14C ages for archaeological oyster/charcoal pairs from the Turner River Mound Complex, Everglades National Park. We report our current best estimate of ΔR = 92 ± 74 yr for Greater Southwest Florida, and ΔR = –15 ± 42 yr for the Turner River archaeological site. Future research should focus on paired archaeological specimens to obtain spatially and temporally relevant estimates of ΔR.
Time-resolved ionization measurements with intense ultrashort XUV and X-ray free-electron laser pulses
Authors: Tkachenko Victor , Büscher Martin , Höppner Hauke , Medvedev Nikita , Lipp Vladimir , Rossi Giulio Maria , Capotondi Flavio , Finetti Paola , Pedersoli Emanuele , Nikolov Ivaylo , Danailov Mitcho , Giannessi Luca , Prandolini Mark J. , Toleikis Sven , Mecseki Katalin , Windeler Matthew , Ziaja Beata , Tavella Franz , Teubner Ulrich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern free-electron lasers (FEL) operating in XUV (extreme ultraviolet) or X-ray range allow an access to novel research areas. An example is the ultrafast ionization of a solid by an intense femtosecond FEL pulse in XUV which consequently leads to a change of the complex index of refraction on an ultrashort timescale. The photoionization and subsequent impact ionization resulting in electronic and atomic dynamics are modeled with our hybrid code XTANT(X-ray thermal and non-thermal transitions) and a Monte Carlo code XCASCADE(X-ray-induced electron cascades). The simulations predict the temporal kinetics of FEL-induced electron cascades and thus yield temporally and spatially resolved information on the induced changes of the optical properties. In a series of experiments at FERMI and LCLS, single shot measurements with spatio-temporal encoding of the ionization process have been performed by a correlation of the FEL pump pulse with an optical femtosecond probe pulse. An excellent agreement between the experiment and the simulation has been found. We also show that such kind of experiments forms the basis for pulse duration and arrival time jitter monitoring as currently under development for XUV-FELs.
Mapping the Potential Interactions between UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Regime and World Trade Law
Authors: Broude Tomer 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:The 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (CSICH) was not intended to have legal repercussions in international trade. Nevertheless, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) may interact with trade regulation under various scenarios. The CSICH “Representative List” inscribes numerous ICH elements with real and potential international commercial aspects and consequent trade law implications. These emergent trade law–ICH regime dynamics require not only some critical reflection (for example, is safeguarding of ICH ultimately dependent on commodification or, at least in some cases, significantly prone to commercial capture?) but also doctrinal legal analysis. This article undertakes a survey of many plausible ICH–trade interactions (generally excluding intellectual property issues), providing an analytical framework with reference to a series of case sketches of selected CSICH inscriptions such as kimjang, beer culture in Belgium, and yoga. These and other cases may indeed raise issues under world trade law, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the General Agreement on Trade in Services, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, and subsidies regulation. Trade law may have underestimated the significance of ICH as a growing field. At the same time, ICH law may be developing without thinking through how it is impacted by commercial interests and international trade law.
Safeguarding the Art of Pizza Making: Parallel Use of the Traditional Specialities Guaranteed Scheme and the UNESCO Intangible Heritage Convention
Authors: Deacon Harriet 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:“Traditional” foodways are represented as an important part of cultural heritage in Europe. Two legal instruments aim to play a role in safeguarding them—namely, the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed (TSG) scheme and the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. These instruments are sometimes used in parallel—for example, in the TSG registration for “Pizza Napoletana” and the nomination of “the art of Neapolitan ‘pizzaiuolo’” to one of the lists of the Convention. While recognizing the important role of state actors in this process, this article proposes going beyond a simple “misappropriation” thesis to look at the possible economic effects of registration and inscription.