bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Faraday effect magnetic stripe scanner
Authors: Egger J , Michlmayr S , Piepgras R , Espina-Hernández J H , Zagar B 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We report on the realization of a Faraday magnetometer to characterize the magnetization of a magnetic foil during its production process at full speed of 3 m/s. The system is designed towards attaining a spatial resolution both in feeding direction and transverse to it of approximately 60 μm and is able to acquire in excess of 60.000 scan lines per second obtained from a line-scan camera with 128 pixels. We further report on the resolution of this system regarding the magnitude of the magnetization of the stripe and contrast this to the attainable noise figure determined by the optical properties of the used crystal, the illumination system and the camera.
Revolutions of Taste: Mon Odyssée and the Aesthetic Inheritance of Saint-Domingue
Authors: Zehnder Madeline L 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhite creoles who fled Saint-Domingue for the US following the Haitian Revolution transported habits of their hierarchical, luxury-oriented culture to elite white members of the early republic. This essay recovers a francophone memoir by one such exile, Jean-Paul Pillet, to demonstrate the influence of colonial understandings of taste on the early republican US, arguing that creole values coincide with emergent US desires for exceptionalism. Pillet’s memoir reveals how white Americans’ fascination with Saint-Domingue shaped their understanding of what it means to be an exceptional nation. Throughout his memoir, he exalts creole consumption and taste, developing an aesthetic language that he uses to promote Saint-Domingue’s unique status within the colonial world, as well as to denounce the destruction wrought by the Haitian revolution. Upon arriving in the US as an exile, he exports this discourse of taste—and its encoded aesthetic and racial hierarchies—to a white US elite eager to appear more exceptional on a global stage. By framing the cultivation of taste as a gateway to global power, Pillet offers Americans a mode of exceptionalism that depends on luxury rather than equality, thereby demonstrating how the colonial Caribbean continued to shape the young republic during its so-called nationalist moment.
Estimating c-level partial correlation graphs with application to brain imaging
Authors: Qiu Yumou , Zhou Xiao-Hua 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that changes the functional connectivity of the brain. The alteration of the strong connections between different brain regions is of particular interest to researchers. In this article, we use partial correlations to model the brain connectivity network and propose a data-driven procedure to recover a $c$-level partial correlation graph based on PET data, which is the graph of the absolute partial correlations larger than a pre-specified constant $c$. The proposed procedure is adaptive to the “large p, small n” scenario commonly seen in whole brain studies, and it incorporates the variation of the estimated partial correlations, which results in higher power compared to the existing methods. A case study on the FDG-PET images from AD and normal control (NC) subjects discovers new brain regions, Sup Frontal and Mid Frontal in the frontal lobe, which have different brain functional connectivity between AD and NC.
The Cerebral Cortex is Bisectionally Segregated into Two Fundamentally Different Functional Units of Gyri and Sulci
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Shu , Jiang Xi , Zhang Tuo , Huang Heng , Ge Fangfei , Zhao Lin , Li Xiao , Hu Xintao , Han Junwei , Guo Lei , Liu Tianming 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is highly folded into diverse gyri and sulci. Accumulating evidences suggest that gyri and sulci exhibit anatomical, morphological, and connectional differences. Inspired by these evidences, we performed a series of experiments to explore the frequency-specific differences between gyral and sulcal neural activities from resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Specifically, we designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based classifier, which can differentiate gyral and sulcal fMRI signals with reasonable accuracies. Further investigations of learned CNN models imply that sulcal fMRI signals are more diverse and more high frequency than gyral signals, suggesting that gyri and sulci truly play different functional roles. These differences are significantly associated with axonal fiber wiring and cortical thickness patterns, suggesting that these differences might be deeply rooted in their structural and cellular underpinnings. Further wavelet entropy analyses demonstrated the validity of CNN-based findings. In general, our collective observations support a new concept that the cerebral cortex is bisectionally segregated into 2 functionally different units of gyri and sulci.
Direct and Collateral Alterations of Functional Cortical Circuits in a Rat Model of Subcortical Band Heterotopia
Authors: Plantier Vanessa , Watrin Françoise , Buhler Emmanuelle , Martineau Fanny Sandrine , Sahu Surajit , Manent Jean-Bernard , Bureau Ingrid , Represa Alfonso 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), also known as double-cortex syndrome, is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by an accumulation of neurons in a heterotopic band below the normotopic cortex. The majority of patients with SBH have mild to moderate intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy. However, it is still not clear how cortical networks are organized in SBH patients and how this abnormal organization contributes to improper brain function. In this study, cortical networks were investigated in the barrel cortex in an animal model of SBH induced by in utero knockdown of Dcx, main causative gene of this condition in human patients. When the SBH was localized below the Barrel Field (BF), layer (L) four projection to correctly positioned L2/3 pyramidal cells was weakened due to lower connectivity. Conversely, when the SBH was below an adjacent cortical region, the excitatory L4 to L2/3 projection was stronger due to increased L4 neuron excitability, synaptic strength and excitation/inhibition ratio of L4 to L2/3 connection. We propose that these developmental alterations contribute to the spectrum of clinical dysfunctions reported in patients with SBH.
Prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease and prognosis in patients with suspected stable angina
Authors: Reeh Jacob , Therming Christina Bachmann , Heitmann Merete , Højberg Søren , Sørum Charlotte , Bech Jan , Husum Dorte , Dominguez Helena , Sehestedt Thomas , Hermann Thomas , Hansen Kim Wadt , Simonsen Lene , Galatius Søren , Prescott Eva 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
We hypothesized that the modified Diamond–Forrester (D-F) prediction model overestimates probability of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to update the prediction model based on pre-test information and assess the model’s performance in predicting prognosis in an unselected, contemporary population suspected of angina.

Methods and results
We included 3903 consecutive patients free of CAD and heart failure and suspected of angina, who were referred to a single centre for assessment in 2012–15. Obstructive CAD was defined from invasive angiography as lesion requiring revascularization, &gt;70% stenosis or fractional flow reserve &lt;0.8. Patients were followed (mean follow-up 33 months) for myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, and death. The updated D-F prediction model overestimated probability considerably: mean pre-test probability was 31.4%, while only 274 (7%) were diagnosed with obstructive CAD. A basic prediction model with age, gender, and symptoms demonstrated good discrimination with C-statistics of 0.86 (95% CI 0.84–0.88), while a clinical prediction model adding diabetes, family history, and dyslipidaemia slightly improved the C-statistic to 0.88 (0.86–0.90) (P for difference between models &lt;0.0001). Quartiles of probability of CAD from the clinical prediction model provided good diagnostic and prognostic stratification: in the lowest quartiles there were no cases of obstructive CAD and cumulative risk of the composite endpoint was less than 3% at 2 years.

Conclusion
The pre-test probability model recommended in current ESC guidelines substantially overestimates likelihood of CAD when applied to a contemporary, unselected, all-comer population. We provide an updated prediction model that identifies subgroups with low likelihood of obstructive CAD and good prognosis in which non-invasive testing may safely be deferred.
Effects of local authority expenditure on childhood obesity
Authors: Liu Dan , Mason Anne , Marks Linda , Davis Howard , Hunter David J , Jehu Llinos Mary , Smithson Joanne , Visram Shelina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Under the 2013 reforms introduced by the Health and Social Care Act (2012), public health responsibilities in England were transferred from the National Health Service to local authorities (LAs). Ring-fenced grants were introduced to support the new responsibilities. The aim of our study was to test whether the level of expenditure in 2013/14 affected the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2016/17.

Methods
We used National Child Measurement Programme definitions of childhood obesity and datasets. We used LA revenue returns data to derive three measures of per capita expenditure: childhood obesity (<19); physical activity (<19) and the Children’s 5–19 Public Health Programme. We ran separate negative binomial models for two age groups of children (4–5 year olds; 10–11 year olds) and conducted sensitivity analyses.

Results
With few exceptions, the level of spend in 2013/14 was not significantly associated with the level of childhood obesity in 2016/17. We identified some positive associations between spend on physical activity and the Children’s Public Health Programme at baseline (2013/14) and the level of childhood obesity in children aged 4–5 in 2016/17, but the effect was not evident in children aged 10–11. In both age groups, LA levels of childhood obesity in 2016/17 were significantly and positively associated with obesity levels in 2013/14. As these four cohorts comprise entirely different pupils, this underlines the importance of local drivers of childhood obesity.

Conclusions
Higher levels of local expenditure are unlikely to be effective in reducing childhood obesity in the short term.
Kinlessness Around the World
Authors: Verdery Ashton M , Margolis Rachel , Zhou Zhangjun , Chai Xiangnan , Rittirong Jongjit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe first and second demographic transitions have led to profound changes in family networks. However, the timing and extent of these transitions vary widely across contexts. We examine how common it is for contemporary older adults to lack living kin and whether such individuals are uniformly disadvantaged around the world.MethodsUsing surveys from 34 countries that together contain 69.6% of the world’s population over age 50 and come from all regions of the world, we describe the prevalence and correlates of lacking immediate kin. We examine macro-level demographic indicators associated with the prevalence of kinlessness as well as micro-level associations between kinlessness and sociodemographic and health indicators.ResultsThere is great variation in levels of kinlessness, from over 10% with neither a spouse nor a biological child in Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland to levels below 2% in China and the Republic of Korea. There are strong macro-level relationships between kinlessness and lagged or contemporaneous fertility, mortality, and nuptiality measures and more marginal relationships with other demographic forces. Micro-level associations between kinlessness and respondent attributes are varied. The kinless are more likely to live alone than those with kin in all countries. In most countries, they have equivalent or worse self-rated health and lower education, although there are notable exceptions. There is substantial variation in the gender composition of the kinless population.DiscussionAs demographic changes affecting kinlessness continue, we expect the scale of the kinless population to grow around the world.
Informing library-based digital publishing: Selected findings from a survey of scholars' needs in a contemporary publishing environment
Authors: Senseney Megan , Bonn Maria , Maden Christoper , Swatscheno Janet , Velez LaTesha , Green Harriett , Fenlon Katrina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Library-based publishing initiatives are on the rise in a rapidly diversifying scholarly publishing ecosystem. This article presents selected results from a US-based survey on the needs of humanities scholars in a contemporary publishing environment, emphasizing survey responses that shed light on key aspects of access for scholars seeking to publish: access to support services, access to content, and access to audience. Survey responses suggest a profile of the authors for whom libraries are poised to offer attractive publishing solutions: (1) those whose scholarship is not sufficiently represented in the print medium and (2) those who place a high value on the technological affordances provided by open-access digital scholarship to reach their intended audiences. Compared to other publishing models, situating support for scholarly communication in the research library creates opportunities for addressing challenges related to access and sustainability in the digital scholarly publishing.
A Clinical Rule for Preoperative Prediction of BRAF Mutation Status in Craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Fujio Shingo , Juratli Tareq A , Arita Kazunori , Hirano Hirofumi , Nagano Yushi , Takajo Tomoko , Yoshimoto Koji , Bihun Ivanna V , Kaplan Alexander B , Nayyar Naema , Fink Alexandria L , Bertalan Mia S , Tummala Shilpa S , Curry, Jr William T , Jones Pamela S , Martinez-Lage Maria , Cahill Daniel P , Barker Fred G , Brastianos Priscilla K 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Papillary craniopharyngiomas are characterized by BRAF
V600E mutations. Targeted therapy can elicit a dramatic radiographic regression of these tumors. Therefore, prediction of BRAF mutation status before definitive surgery could enable neoadjuvant treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE
To establish preoperative prediction criteria to identify patients with a BRAF mutant craniopharyngioma.

METHODS
Sixty-four patients with craniopharyngioma were included in this study. We determined BRAF mutation status by targeted sequencing. After scoring interobserver variability between presurgical clinical data and radiographic features, we established a diagnostic rule for BRAF mutation in our discovery cohort. We then validated the rule in an independent cohort.

RESULTS
The BRAF
V600E mutation was detected in 12 of 42 patients in the discovery cohort. There were no patients under age 18 with BRAF mutation. Calcification was rare in tumors with BRAF mutation (P < .001), and 92% of them were supradiaphragmatic in location. Combining these 3 features—older than 18 years, absence of calcification, and supradiaphragmatic tumor location—we established a rule for predicting BRAF mutation. In cases where all 3 criteria were fulfilled, the sensitivity and specificity for the presence of BRAF mutation were 83% and 93%, respectively. In the validation cohort (n = 22), the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 89%.

CONCLUSION
We propose predictive criteria for a BRAF mutation in craniopharyngioma using preoperative clinical and radiographic data. This rule may be useful in identifying patients who could potentially benefit from neoadjuvant BRAF
V600E-targeted systemic therapies.
E-Cigarette Use Is Associated With Intentions to Lose Weight Among High School Students
Authors: Mantey Dale S , Omega-Njemnobi Onyinye , Kelder Steven H 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Recent literature has demonstrated individuals may be using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a method of weight loss and/or management. Furthermore, e-cigarette companies are developing and patenting technologies related to e-cigarettes and weight loss. This study aims to determine the association between intentions to lose weight and e-cigarette use behaviors among a nationally representative sample of high school students.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey. Participants were 12 847 students in grades 9–12 in the United States. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models assessed the association between past 30-day e-cigarette use and weight loss intentions among 9–12 grade students. Subsample analyses were conducted, stratified by sex. Covariates included perceived weight, sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and past 30-day tobacco use.

Results
Overall, 23.7% of the sample used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. E-cigarette use was associated with 1.38 (95% CI = 1.07% to 1.78%) greater risk of intentions to lose weight among the full sample, controlling for covariates. Among girls, e-cigarette use was associated with 1.44 (95% CI = 1.05% to 1.97%) greater risk of intentions to lose weight, controlling for covariates. Among boys, e-cigarette use was associated with 1.40 (95% CI = 1.04% to 1.88%) greater odds of intentions to gain weight, controlling for covariates.

Conclusion
Findings show a significant association between e-cigarette use and intentions to lose weight among high school students, among the full sample. Interestingly, e-cigarette use was statistically associated with intentions to gain weight among boys. Longitudinal study is needed to further examine this relationship.

Implications and Contribution
This is the one of the first studies reporting on e-cigarette use and weight loss intentions among adolescents, both highly prevalent among this population. These findings are an important development in the study of e-cigarette use given the established link between conventional cigarette smoking and weight loss and/or management.
Clinical, Histopathological, and Virological Evaluation of 203 Patients With a Clinical Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Trčko Katarina , Hošnjak Lea , Kušar Blanka , Zorec Tomaž Mark , Kocjan Boštjan J , Križmarić Miljenko , Seme Katja , Miljković Jovan , Luzar Boštjan , Poljak Mario 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum (MC) manifests as small, umbilicated papules caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The extent of clinical misdiagnosis of MC is unknown. Combined clinical, histopathological, and virological evaluation of 203 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of MC treated at a university hospital during a 5-year period showed the correct clinical diagnosis in 188 of 203 (92.6%) patients. All 15 clinically misdiagnosed MC lesions were histopathologically and virologically confirmed as either common or anogenital warts caused by different human papillomaviruses. The MCV1/MCV2 subtypes ratio was 1.54:1, and the distribution of MCV subtypes differed across patients’ age and anatomical location of lesions.
EQUAL Cryptococcus Score 2018: A European Confederation of Medical Mycology Score Derived From Current Guidelines to Measure QUALity of Clinical Cryptococcosis Management
Authors: Spec Andrej , Mejia-Chew Carlos , Powderly William G , Cornely Oliver A 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCryptococcocis is an opportunistic fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality. Guidelines to aid clinicians regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment can be extensive and challenging to comply with. There is no tool to measure guideline adherence. To create such a tool, we reviewed current guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the World Health Organization, the American Society of Transplantation, and recent significant publications to select the strongest recommendations as vital components of our scoring tool. Items included diagnostic tests (blood, tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, Cryptococcus antigen, India ink, histopathology with special fungal stains, central nervous system imaging), pharmacological (amphotericin B, flucytosine, azoles) and nonpharmacological treatments (intracranial pressure management, immunomodulation, infectious disease consultation), and follow-up of central nervous system complications. The EQUAL Cryptococcus Score 2018 weighs and aggregates the recommendations for the optimal management of cryptococcosis. Providing a tool that could measure guideline adherence or facilitate clinical decision-making.
Innate immunity and interferons in the pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Bodewes Iris L A , Björk Albin , Versnel Marjan A , Wahren-Herlenius Marie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Primary SS (pSS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by an immune-mediated exocrinopathy, resulting in severe dryness of eyes and mouth. Systemic symptoms include fatigue and joint pain and a subset of patients develop more severe disease with multi-organ involvement. Accumulating evidence points to involvement of innate immunity and aberrant activity of the type I IFN system in both the initiation and propagation of this disease. Analysis of the activity of IFN-inducible genes has evidenced that more than half of pSS patients present with a so-called ‘type I IFN signature’. In this review, we examine activation of the IFN system in pSS patients and how this may drive autoimmunity through various immune cells. We further discuss the clinical value of assessing IFN activity as a biomarker in pSS patients and review novel therapies targeting IFN signalling and their potential use in pSS.