bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical Changes Induced in the Serum Proteins Immunoglobulin G and Fibrinogen Mediated by Methylglyoxal
Authors: Rehman Shahnawaz , Faisal Mohammad , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Ahmad Saheem 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins plays a significant role in the pathogenesis
of secondary diabetic complications via the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and
increased oxidative stress. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl of class α-oxoaldehyde
that generates during glucose oxidation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to glycation.

Objective:
This comparative study focuses on methylglyoxal induced glycoxidative damage suffered by
immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen, and to unveil implication of structural modification of serum
proteins in diabetes-associated secondary complications.

Methods:
The methylglyoxal induced structural alterations in IgG and fibrinogen were analyzed by UVvis,
fluorescence, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ketoamine
moieties, carbonyl contents, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and malondyaldehyde were also quantified.
Free lysine and arginine estimation, detection of non-fluorogenic carboxymethyllysine (CML) and
fibril formation were confirmed by thioflavin T (ThT) assay.

Results:
Structural alterations, increased carbonyl contents and ketoamines were reported in MG glycated
IgG and fibrinogen against their native analogues.

Conclusion:
The experiment results validate structural modifications, increased oxidative stress and
AGEs formation. Thus, we can conclude that IgG-AGEs and Fib-AGEs formed during MG induced glycation
of IgG and fibrinogen could impede normal physiology and might initiates secondary complications
in diabetic patients.
Recent Advances in the HPLC Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Bio-Samples
Authors: Manousi Natalia , Samanidou Victoria F. 
Published: June 2019

:
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are a group of the main category of antidepressant drugs,
which are commonly prescribed to treat major depressive disorder. Determination of TCA drugs is
very important for clinical and forensic toxicology, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring in various
biofluids. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a well-established technique for
this purpose. A lot of progress has been made in this field since the past 10 years. Novel extraction
techniques, and novel materials for sample preparation, novel columns and novel applications of analysis
of various biofluids for the determination of TCAs in combination with other drugs are some typical
examples. Moreover, advances have been performed in terms of Green Analytical Chemistry principles.
Herein, we aim to discuss the developed HPLC methods that were reported in the literature for
the time span of 2008-2018.
A Review on Anticancer Potentials of Benzothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Pathak Nandini , Rathi Ekta , Kumar Nitesh , Kini Suvarna G. , Rao C. Mallikarjuna 
Published: June 2019

:
Benzothiazole is an organic compound bearing a heterocyclic nucleus (thiazole) which imparts
a broad spectrum of biological activities to it. The significant and potent activity of benzothiazole
moiety influenced distinctively by nature and position of substitutions. This review summarizes the
effect of various substituents in recent trends and approaches to design and develop novel
benzothiazole derivatives for anticancer potential in different cell lines by interpreting the Structure-
Activity Relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action of a wide range of derivatives. The list of
derivatives is categorized into different groups and reviewed for their anticancer activity. The
structure-activity relationship for the various derivatives revealed an excellent understanding of benzothiazole
moiety in the field of cancer therapy against different cancer cell line. Data obtained from the
various articles showed the potential effect of benzothiazole moiety and its derivatives to produce the
peculiar and significant lead compound. The important anticancer mechanisms found are tyrosine
kinase inhibition, topoisomerase inhibition and induction of apoptosis by Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) activation. Therefore, the design and development of novel benzothiazole have broad scope in
cancer chemotherapy.
Computational Analysis of Therapeutic Enzyme Uricase from Different Source Organisms
Authors: Nelapati Anand Kumar , PonnanEttiyappan JagadeeshBabu 
Published: June 2019

Background:Hyperuricemia and gout are the conditions, which is a response of accumulation of uric acid in the blood and urine. Uric acid is the product of purine metabolic pathway in humans. Uricase is a therapeutic enzyme that can enzymatically reduces the concentration of uric acid in serum and urine into more a soluble allantoin. Uricases are widely available in several sources like bacteria, fungi, yeast, plants and animals.Objective:The present study is aimed at elucidating the structure and physiochemical properties of uricase by insilico analysis.Methods:A total number of sixty amino acid sequences of uricase belongs to different sources were obtained from NCBI and different analysis like Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA), homology search, phylogenetic relation, motif search, domain architecture and physiochemical properties including pI, EC, Ai, Ii, and were performed.Results:Multiple sequence alignment of all the selected protein sequences has exhibited distinct difference between bacterial, fungal, plant and animal sources based on the position-specific existence of conserved amino acid residues. The maximum homology of all the selected protein sequences is between 51-388. In singular category, homology is between 16-337 for bacterial uricase, 14-339 for fungal uricase, 12-317 for plants uricase, and 37-361 for animals uricase. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the amino acid sequences disclosed clusters indicating that uricase is from different source. The physiochemical features revealed that the uricase amino acid residues are in between 300- 338 with a molecular weight as 33-39kDa and theoretical pI ranging from 4.95-8.88. The amino acid composition results showed that valine amino acid has a high average frequency of 8.79 percentage compared to different amino acids in all analyzed species.Conclusion:In the area of bioinformatics field, this work might be informative and a stepping-stone to other researchers to get an idea about the physicochemical features, evolutionary history and structural motifs of uricase that can be widely used in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the proposed in silico analysis can be considered for protein engineering work, as well as for gout therapy.
Definition of Opportunistic Infections in Immunocompromised Children on the Basis of Etiologies and Clinical Features: A Summary for Practical Purposes
Authors: Riccardi Niccolò , Rotulo Gioacchino Andrea , Castagnola Elio 
Published: June 2019

:
Opportunistic Infections (OIs) still remain a major cause of morbidity and death in children
with either malignant or nonmalignant disease.

:
OIs are defined as those infections occurring due to bacteria, fungi, viruses or commensal organisms
that normally inhabit the human body and do not cause a disease in healthy people, but become
pathogenic when the body's defense system is impaired. OIs can also be represented by unusually
severe infections caused by common pathogens. An OI could present itself at the onset of a
primary immunodeficiency syndrome as a life-threatening event. More often, OI is a therapyassociated
complication in patients needing immunosuppressive treatment, among long-term hospitalised
patients or in children who undergo bone marrow or solid organ transplantation.

:
The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and ‘easy to read’ text that briefly
summarises the currently available knowledge about OIs in order to define when an infection
should be considered as opportunistic in pediatrics as a result of an underlying congenital or acquired
immune-deficit.
An Insight of Alpha-amylase Inhibitors as a Valuable Tool in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bashary Roqia , Vyas Manish , Nayak Surendra Kumar , Suttee Ashish , Verma Surajpal , Narang Rakesh , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Among the millions of people around the world, the most prevalent metabolic
disorder is diabetes mellitus. Due to the drawbacks which are associated with commercially available
antidiabetic agents, new therapeutic approaches are needed to be considered. Alpha-amylase is a membrane-
bound enzyme which is responsible for the breakdown of polysaccharides such as starch to
monosaccharides which can be absorbed.

Methods:
We searched the scientific database using alpha-amylase, diabetes, antidiabetic agents as the
keywords. Here in, only peer-reviewed research articles were collected which were useful to our current
work.

Results:
To overcome the research gap, the alpha-amylase enzyme is regarded as a good target for antidiabetic
agents to design the drug and provide an alternate approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Basically, alpha-amylase inhibitors are classified into two groups: proteinaceous inhibitors,
and non-proteinaceous inhibitors. Recently, non-proteinaceous inhibitors are being explored
which includes chalcones, flavones, benzothiazoles, etc. as the potential antidiabetic agents.

Conclusion:
Herein, we discuss various potential antidiabetic agents which are strategically targeted
alpha-amylase enzyme. These are having lesser side effects as compared to other antidiabetic agents,
and are proposed to prevent the digestion and absorption of glucose leading to a decrease in the blood
glucose level.
Quantitative Analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Linezolid Injection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Batista Jéssica Maurício , Fernandes Christian 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Linezolid is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial belonging to the class of
oxazolidinones. Linezolid for intravenous infusion is isotonized with dextrose. In acidic environment,
the dehydration of dextrose produces furan derivatives, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) being the
main one. The determination of this degradation product is of fundamental importance, since there is
evidence it is cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. However, there is no official method
for the determination of 5-HMF in drug products.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatographic
method to quantify 5-HMF in injection of linezolid.

Methods:
The chromatographic separation, after optimization, was performed on C18 (150 x 4.6 mm,
5 μm) column. Mobile phase was composed of 14 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0 ([H+] = 1.0 x
10-3) and methanol in gradient elution at 1.0 mL min-1. The injection volume was 10 μL and detection
was performed at 285 nm.

Results:
The method was optimized and validated, showing selectivity, linearity in the range from 0.075
to 9.0 μg mL-1, precision (RSD ≤ 2.0%), accuracy (mean recovery of 100.07%) and robustness for temperature
and pH variation.

Conclusion:
The method was shown to be adequate to determine 5-HMF in injection containing linezolid
in routine analysis.
A Reliable HPLC-ELSD Method for Determination of Cholesterol, Phosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylcholine Content and the Stability of a Liposomal Formulation
Authors: de Magalhães Benedetti Naiara Ieza Gallo , Costa Veloso Danillo Fabrini Maciel , Nascimento Thais Leite , Almeida Diniz Danielle Guimarães , Maione-Silva Lorena , Lima Eliana Martins 
Published: June 2019

Background:Liposomes continue to play an important role in drug delivery research due to their ability to improve transport and targeting of a wide range of active molecules. Analysis of liposomal components is a key point in the characterization and evaluation of formulation stability. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an HPLC-ELSD method for the characterization and quality control of liposomes.Methods:HPLC-ELSD method was validated by assessing selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantitation. The mobile phase consisted of a 0.1% (v/v) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and methanol in gradient elution. Initial rate was 20:80 (0.1% TFA: methanol), with a ramp reaching 100% methanol. HPLC-MS/MS was used to confirm the presence of the fatty acid mixture in the analyzed lipids, as well as sub-products generated under pre-determined conditions in the stability study.Results:A HPLC-ELSD method has been developed to detect and measure cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. High specificity, sensitivity and linearity within the predetermined range for all the compounds analyzed (R2>0.99) were obtained. Accuracy and precision results for all the compounds were within the acceptance limit of ≤5% and 90-110%, respectively. Mass spectrometry results showed complementary information about the phospholipid composition to evaluate the degree of degradation of liposomes over different storage conditions.Conclusion:The method was successfully applied as a quality control tool for the analysis of a wide range of lipids, present in liposomal formulations. HPLC-MS/MS was used to ensure complete elucidation of the lipid components and the detected lyso-forms.
A Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network for Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine, Naproxen and Diclofenac in Wastewaters
Authors: Mohammadpoor Mojtaba , Kakhki Roya Mohammadzadeh , Assadi Hakimeh 
Published: June 2019

Background::
Simultaneous determination of medication components in pharmaceutical
samples using ordinary methods have some difficulties and therefore these determinations usually
were made by expensive methods and instruments. Chemometric methods are an effective way to
analyze several components simultaneously.

Objective::
In this paper, a novel approach based on Bayesian regularized artificial neural network
is developed for the determination of Loratadine, Naproxen, and Diclofenac in water using UV-Vis
spectroscopy.

Methods:
A dataset is collected by performing several chemical experiments and recording the UV-Vis
spectra and actual constituent values. The effect of a different number of neurons in the hidden
layer was analyzed based on final mean square error, and the optimum number was selected. Principle
Component Analysis (PCA) was also applied to the data. Other back-propagation methods,
such as Levenberg-Marquardt, scaled conjugate gradient, and resilient backpropagation, were tested.

Results::
In order to see the proposed network performance, it was performed on two crossvalidation
methods, namely partitioning data into train and test parts, and leave-one-out technique.
Mean square errors between expected results and predicted ones implied that the proposed method
has a strong ability in predicting the expected values.

Conclusion::
he results showed that the Bayesian regularization algorithm has the best performance
among other methods for simultaneous determination of Loratadine, Naproxen, and Diclofenac
in water samples.
Epigenetic Regulator Signatures in Regenerative Capacity
Authors: Albogami Sarah 
Published: June 2019

Background::
Regeneration is the process by which body parts lost as a result of injury are
replaced, as observed in certain animal species. The root of regenerative differences between organisms
is still not very well understood; if regeneration merely recycles developmental pathways in the adult
form, why can some animals regrow organs whereas others cannot? In the regulation of the regeneration
process as well as other biological phenomena, epigenetics plays an essential role.

Objective::
This review aims to demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulators in determining regenerative
capacity.

Results::
In this review, we discuss the basis of regenerative differences between organisms. In addition,
we present the current knowledge on the role of epigenetic regulation in regeneration, including
DNA methylation, histone modification, lysine methylation, lysine methyltransferases, and the SET1
family.

Conclusion::
An improved understanding of the regeneration process and the epigenetic regulation
thereof through the study of regeneration in highly regenerative species will help in the field of regenerative
medicine in future.
RO3280: A Novel PLK1 Inhibitor, Suppressed the Proliferation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Through the Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Point
Authors: Ergul Mustafa , Bakar-Ates Filiz 
Published: June 2019

Background:
As a member of serine/threonine-protein kinase, Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1)
plays crucial roles during mitosis and also contributes to DNA damage response and repair.
PLK1 is aberrantly expressed in many types of tumor cells and increased levels of PLK1 is
closely related to tumorigenesis and poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, PLK1 is accepted as
one of the potential targets for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. The objective of this
study was to assess the cytotoxic effects of a novel PLK1 inhibitor, RO3280, against MCF-7,
human breast cancer cells; HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; and PC3, human
prostate cancer cells, as well as non-cancerous L929 fibroblast cells.

Methods:
Antiproliferative activity of RO3280 was examined using the XTT assay. Flow
cytometry assay was performed to evaluate cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, multicaspase
activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage response. We also examined
apoptosis with fluorescence imaging studies.

Results:
According to the results of XTT assay, although RO3280 displayed potent cytotoxicity in all treated
cancer cells, the most sensitive cell line was identified as MCF-7 cells that were selected for further studies. The
compound induced a cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at G2/M phase and significantly induced apoptosis, multicaspase
activity, DNA damage response, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion:
Overall, RO3280 induces anticancer effects promoted mainly by DNA damage, cell cycle arrest,
and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Further studies are needed to assess its usability as an anticancer agent with
specific cancer types.
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lassandro Giuseppe , Carriero Francesco , Palmieri Viviana , Palladino Valentina , Amoruso Anna , Gallone Maria Filomena , Del Vecchio Giovanni C. , Tafuri Silvio , Russo Giovanna , Valente Federica , Giordano Paola 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired immuno-mediated disorder characterized
by thrombocytopenia with an increased risk of bleeding. In recent years 1,25[OH]2D3 has
been rediscovered as an immune modulator. We decided to evaluate serum Vitamin D levels in a cohort
of children with immune thrombocytopenia in order to discover if Vitamin D concentrations may
predict ITP duration.

Methods:
Thirty children were enrolled in this study (sixteen with chronic ITP and fourteen with
newly diagnosed ITP) to assess serum Vitamin D levels.

Results::
The results showed that 80% of the enrolled children presented a D hypovitaminosis status.
Children with newly diagnosis ITP showed no statistically significantly higher median values of Vitamin
D compared to chronic ITP.

Conclusions::
This study may suggest that Vitamin D deficiency does not represent a chronicity factor
for ITP. However, further studies are needed to understand the role of Vitamin D in ITP pathogenesis.
Atorvastatin Inhibited ROS Generation and Increased IL-1β And IL-6 Release by Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients
Authors: dos Anjos Paula M.F. , Volpe Caroline M.O. , Miranda Thaís C. , Nogueira-Machado José A. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Atorvastatin (ATV) inhibits the conversion of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl
Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate formation and promotes lowering of the LDL cholesterol
fraction. However, ATV exhibits pleiotropic metabolic actions beyond cholesterol-lowering properties.

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the effect of ATV on oxidizing species generation and cytokine secretion
in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMNC) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients
in comparison to healthy control.

Methods:
Both NADPH-oxidase-dependent and mitochondrial ROS generation were assessed by
chemoluminescence luminol-dependent assay and fluorometric experiment, using Dichlorofluorescein
Assay (DCFH-DA), respectively. IL-1β and IL-6 were quantified by classical ELISA.

Results:
ATV inhibited NADPH-oxidase dependent ROS generation, but showed no effect on mitochondrial
ROS generation and activated IL-1β and IL-6 secretions in PBMNC from control and T2DM
patients. ROS generation and cytokine secretion in the presence of an inhibitor of Protein Kinase Cβ
(iPKCβ) and ATV led to similar results. The secretion of IL-1β, PDB-induced in the presence of
iPKCβ, but not ATV, was increased. ATV and iPKCβ exacerbated PDB-induced IL-6 secretion. LPS
activated the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 which was potentiated by ATV.

Conclusion:
ATV inhibited ROS generation and activated IL-1 β/IL-6 secretion in PBMNC of diabetes
patients. Its effect was not affected by the hyperglymemia.
Thyroid and Eye: Where They Meet in Clinical Practice
Authors: El-Eshmawy Mervat M. , Shahin Maha 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Thyroid Hormones (TH) are essential for normal growth, development and continued
optimal function of most of the body organs including the eye. TH signaling plays a central role
in the regulation of retinal development and maturation. Deficiency in TH during fetal and early postnatal
development impairs growth of the eye and proliferation of all retinal cell types. The present
article reviews the most important topics of the different derangements in thyroid function and structure
and its relation with eye diseases.

Methods:
A literature search strategy was conducted for all English-language literature.

Results:
From a clinical practice viewpoint, it should be mentioned that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
are accompanied by ocular diseases i.e. thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, diabetic
retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Although the orbit and globe are not common sites
for metastatic thyroid cancers, orbital metastasis may be the primary clinical manifestation of thyroid
carcinoma. Finally, some medications as amiodarone may be accompanied by both thyroid dysfunction
and adverse ocular events.

Conclusion:
Thyroid disorders and eye diseases are interrelated through several mechanisms thus,
awareness of this relation has a great impact on early diagnosis and treatment.