bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Solution Kinetics Simulation Method for Conventional and Selective Plasma Exchange Using a Complete Mixed Reactor Model
Authors: Odamaki So , Hori Yuki , Nakai Sota , Akazawa Mayumi , Sato Kanako , Yamada Asuka , Aoki Kanako , Sato Hiroshi , Miyakawa Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAt present, conventional plasma exchange (CPE) sets removal rate, replacement fluid volume and replacement fluid albumin (Alb) concentration according to the first‐order kinetics of mass balance for removal of pathogenic substances. With the spread of selective plasma exchange (SePE), it has become necessary to set the removal rate and replacement fluid Alb concentration based on the initial concentration for each performance of the plasma separator. Considering the patient as a single reactor we devised a complete mixed reactor model simulating the concentration change in the reactor. Our formula is obtained by adding membrane performance and replacement fluid concentration to formulas currently available and can be used for both CPE and SePE. For the in vitro experiment, fresh frozen plasma stored in a bag was used to simulate a patient's circulating plasma. Plasma was separated by plasma separator Evacure EC‐4A10 (EC‐4A) (Kawasumi Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan) while a replacement Alb solution was simultaneously entered into the circuit at the same rate as separation. IgG, Alb, total protein (TP), and fibrinogen (Fib) concentrations were measured every 10 min and examined for correlation with the value predicted by the mass balance formula. The concentration of each solute was measured 21 times during the 195 min of the experiment. The rate of change of each solute was IgG 76%, Alb 58%, TP 58%, and Fib 32%. Experimental values and predicted values showed significant correlation (IgG: r2 = 0.9962; Fib: r2 = 0.9535; Alb: r2 = 0.9808; TP: r2 = 0.9721, all P < 0.05). Since the solute concentration change in SePE can be predicted, this mass balance formula is useful for setting treatment conditions for both CPE and SePE.
Sustained reductions of invasive infectious disease following general infant Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccination in a Swedish Arctic region
Authors: Johansson Kostenniemi Urban , Norman David , Sellin Mats , Silfverdal Sven‐Arne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimVaccine‐preventable pathogens causing severe childhood infections include Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. In this study conducted in a Swedish Arctic region, we evaluated the effects of general infant Hib and pneumococcal vaccination on invasive infectious diseases among children and assessed the need of meningococcal vaccination.MethodsWe identified cases of bacterial meningitis and sepsis from diagnosis and laboratory registers in the Västerbotten Region, Sweden, during 1986–2015. We then reviewed medical records to confirm the diagnosis and extract data for assessing incidence changes, using an exploratory data analysis and a time‐series analysis.ResultsInvasive Haemophilus disease declined by 89.1% (p < 0.01), Haemophilus meningitis by 95.3% (p < 0.01) and all‐cause bacterial meningitis by 82.3% (p < 0.01) in children aged 0 to four years following general infant Hib vaccination. Following pneumococcal vaccination, invasive pneumococcal disease declined by 84.7% (p < 0.01), pneumococcal meningitis by 67.5% (p = 0.16) and all‐cause bacterial meningitis by 48.0% (p = 0.23). Incidence of invasive meningococcal disease remained low during the study period.ConclusionRemarkable sustained long‐term declines of invasive infectious diseases in younger children occurred following infant Hib and pneumococcal vaccinations in this Swedish Arctic region. Despite not offering general infant meningococcal vaccination, incidence of invasive meningococcal disease remained low.
Intravenous flucloxacillin treatment is associated with a high incidence of hypokalaemia
Authors: van der Heijden Charlotte D.C.C. , Duizer Marleen L. , Fleuren Hanneke W.H.A. , Veldman Bart A. , Sprong Tom , Dofferhoff Anton T.S.M. , Kramers Cornelis 
Published: April 2019

Intravenous flucloxacillin is one of the most frequently used high‐dose penicillin therapies in hospitalized patients, forming the cornerstone treatment of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection. Being a nonreabsorbable anion, flucloxacillin has been suggested to cause hypokalaemia, although the frequency and magnitude of this unwanted effect is unknown. In a retrospective cohort, we investigated the incidence and extent of hypokalaemia after initiation of intravenous flucloxacillin or ceftriaxone therapy. In total, 77 patients receiving flucloxacillin (62% male, mean age 70.5 years) and 84 patients receiving ceftriaxone (46% male, mean age 70.8 years) were included. Hypokalaemia occurred significantly more often in patients receiving flucloxacillin than ceftriaxone (42% vs 14%, p < 10−4). Moreover, follow‐up potassium levels were significantly lower during flucloxacillin therapy. In general, women were more prone to develop hypokalaemia than men. In conclusion, intravenous flucloxacillin use is associated with a striking incidence of hypokalaemia. Therefore, standardized potassium measurements are necessary.
Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses
Authors: Lucero Maribel , Suarez Ana E. , Chambers Jeremy W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN‐induced kinase‐1 (PINK1), and AMP‐dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria‐cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5—SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein‐protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD.
International expert recommendations of clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy
Authors: Boychuck Zachary , Andersen John , Bussières André , Fehlings Darcy , Kirton Adam , Li Patricia , Oskoui Maryam , Rodriguez Charo , Shevell Michael , Snider Laurie , Majnemer Annette ,   The Prompt Group
Published: April 2019

AimTo establish international expert recommendations on clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy (CP).MethodAn online Delphi survey was conducted with international experts in early identification and intervention for children with CP, to validate the results obtained in two previous consensus groups with Canadian content experts and knowledge users. We sent two rounds of questionnaires by e‐mail. Participants rated their agreement using a 4‐point Likert scale, along with optional open‐ended questions for additional feedback. Additionally, a panel of experts and knowledge‐users reviewed the results of each round and determined the content of subsequent surveys.ResultsOverall, there was high‐level of agreement on: (1) six clinical features that should prompt referral for diagnosis; (2) two ‘warning sign’ features that warrant monitoring rather than immediate referral for diagnosis; and (3) five referral recommendations to other healthcare professionals to occur simultaneously with referral for diagnosis.InterpretationThere was high agreement among international experts, suggesting that the features and referral recommendations proposed for primary care physicians for early detection of CP were broadly generalizable. These results will inform the content of educational tools to improve the early detection of CP in the primary care context.What this paper adds

International experts provide strong agreement on clinical features to detect cerebral palsy.

Consensus on clinical ‘warning signs’ to monitor over time.

Referral recommendations from primary care to specialized health services are identified.
Reproducibility of the assessment of myocardial function through tissue Doppler imaging in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Méndez‐Abad Paula , Zafra‐Rodríguez Pamela , Lubián‐López Simón , Benavente‐Fernández Isabel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractsObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the variability between two trained neonatologists when performing consecutive echocardiograms using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and conventional methods in very low birth weight infant (VLBWI).MethodsTwo serial echocardiograms were performed in 30 VLBWI infants. The echocardiographic parameters analyzed were tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), A′, E′, and S′ waves, and myocardial performance index acquired by TDI (MPI‐TDI) of both ventricles and shortening fraction (SF). The intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements and the intra‐operator agreement were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative statistical methods.ResultsThe intra‐observer agreement was very good, TAPSE, and TDI‐derived parameters had an intra‐class correlation (ICC) > 0.8. TDI‐derived velocities had a coefficient of variation (COV) < 11%, while MPI‐TDI had a COV between 20%–28%. The inter‐observer agreement was excellent. There was greater variability when analyzing intra‐operator agreement, with the least variable parameter being TAPSE. According to PABAK, the variability presented moderately substantial agreement.ConclusionsTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion is very reproducible between observers and operators. Measurements of TDI wave velocities are more reproducible than MPI‐TDI. TDI is sufficiently reproducible in the VLBWI if adequate training is performed, and guidelines are followed to obtain standardized echocardiographic images.
Fabrication and optical thermometry of transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ag@NaGdF4: Er3+ core‐shell nanocrystals
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Yuanjian , Bu Yanyan , Wang Xiangfu , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNovel transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell nanocrystals were fabricated successfully by a melt‐quenching method and subsequent heating. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope images show that precious metal Ag is successfully encapsulated by the NaGdF4:Er3+ nanoparticles to form an Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell structure in glass matrix. Compared with the NaGdF4:Er3+ glass‐ceramics, Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell glass‐ceramics shows the great enhancement of emission intensity. The thermometric parameters such as fluorescence emission intensity, fluorescence intensity ratios of thermally coupled levels (2H11/2/4S3/2), and temperature sensitivity can be effectively controlled by changing the Ag concentration. When 0.15 mol% Ag is co‐doped, the sensitivity of SR in Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell glass‐ceramics reaches a maximum value. This work presents a new method to enhance emission intensity and optical thermometry ability of NaGdF4:Er3+ through constructing Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell structure.
Frontotemporal Dementia and the Reactive Attitudes: Two Roles for the Capacity to Care?
Authors: Nelkin Dana Kay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeople who have a particular behavioural variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) suffer from a puzzling early set of symptoms. They appear to caregivers to cease to care about things that they did before, without manifesting certain other significant deficits that might be expected to accompany this change. Are subjects with bvFTD appropriate objects of reactive attitudes like resentment and indignation that seem to presuppose responsible agency? I explore two possible routes to answering this question in the negative that both appeal to the role of the capacity to care in accounts of responsible agency. The first appeals to the capacity to care as fundamental in determining the aptness of moral demands and appraisals; the second appeals to the capacity to care as required for the very possibility of being someone who could in principle receive deserved praise or blame. In order to assess these lines of reasoning, it will be necessary to settle on a plausible account of caring, and the case of subjects with bvFTD can help in illuminating the relevant capacities. I suggest that the two routes, when clarified, are promising, but that interesting questions about the nature of desert and its relationship to caring remain open.
Go for Gigabit? First Evidence on Economic Benefits of High‐speed Broadband Technologies in Europe
Authors: Briglauer Wolfgang , Gugler Klaus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe literature on the effects of investment in broadband infrastructure finds positive macroeconomic effects. However, it is severely constrained because it could hitherto only analyse investment or adoption up to basic broadband, but not up to the newer generations of hybrid fibre and end‐to‐end fibre‐based broadband. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset of EU27 member states for the period from 2003 to 2015, we estimate a small but significant effect of end‐to‐end fibre‐based broadband adoption over and above the effects of basic broadband on GDP; specifically, we find that a 1 per cent increase in adoption leads to an incremental increase of 0.002–0.005 per cent in GDP. The incremental effect of hybrid fibre broadband adoption over basic broadband is slightly lower (0.002–0.003%). Our cost‐benefit analysis implies that policy intervention – as foreseen by the European Commission – is only justified for coverage and adoption levels of around 50 per cent, whereas for a 100 per cent coverage level net losses are likely.
Audit firm tenure and audit quality: A cross‐European study
Authors: Garcia‐Blandon Josep , Argilés‐Bosch Josep Maria , Ravenda Diego 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDirective 2014/56/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, which came into effect in June 2016, introduced the mandatory rotation of audit firms after a maximum period of 10 years with the same client. We conduct a cross‐European study with the aim of assessing whether long audit firm tenures are associated with lower levels of audit quality. The sample for the study is based on the constituents of the Standard & Poor's Europe 350 index for the years between 2009 and 2016, and we utilize three different sets of proxies for audit quality: discretionary accruals, differences between reported earnings and earnings benchmarks, and accounting restatements. The main result of the study finds that companies with more than 10 years of tenure with their auditors do not have a lower audit quality than other firms. In fact, this study provides some evidence of a higher audit quality for these firms. The results are robust to various checks. Therefore, if there does not seem to be a problem of a lack of audit quality associated with long audit firm tenures, the necessity of establishing a maximum tenure, as the new European regulation does, may be questioned.
Effect of maternal baboon (Papio sp.) dietary mismatch in pregnancy and lactation on post‐natal offspring early life phenotype
Authors: Li Cun , Jenkins Susan , Huber Hillary F. , Nathanielsz Peter W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐human primate models of developmental programing by maternal mismatch between pregnancy and lactation diets are needed for translation to human programing outcomes. We present baboon offspring morphometry from birth to 3 years, and blood cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from 2 to 24 months.MethodsControl mothers ate chow; mismatch mothers ate 30% less than controls during pregnancy and high‐fat high‐energy diet through lactation.ResultsMismatch mothers lost weight during pregnancy. At birth, there were trends toward lower weight in mismatch offspring of both sexes (P = 0.06). From 0‐3 years, catch‐up growth occurred. Mismatch offspring male and female body weight increased faster than controls (P < 0.001). Mismatch female offspring showed greater increase in BMI (P < 0.001) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.008) vs controls. ACTH and cortisol slopes from 2 to 24 months of age were similar between groups in both sexes. Cortisol and ACTH increased after weaning in all groups.ConclusionsMismatch produces sexually dimorphic post‐natal growth phenotypes.
Extracellular vesicle concentration and procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluid and packed red blood cells
Authors: Sowy S. , Rutter C. R. , Jeffery U. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the concentration of phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicles and phosphatidylserine‐derived procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluids and packed red blood cell units.Materials and MethodsTen dogs with haemoperitoneum (neoplasia = 7; trauma = 1; other = 2) were recruited, and five non‐leukoreduced packed red blood cell units purchased. Supernatants were collected from haemoperitoneum samples and packed red blood cell units using a consistent centrifugation protocol. Phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicle concentrations were measured by flow cytometry and phosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity by a commercial thrombin generation assay.ResultsPhosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity was significantly higher for supernatants collected from packed red blood cell units (median 54 nM, range 53 to 60 nM) than haemoperitoneum samples (median 43 nM; range 7 to 51 nM; P = 0.0007). By flow cytometry, the concentration of phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicles was not significantly different between packed red blood cell (median: 415/μL, range 173 to 1331/μL) and haemoperitoneum samples (median: 314/μL, range 132 to 3880/μL; P = 0.77).Clinical SignificanceThis study does not suggest that shed abdominal blood contains more extracellular vesicles with phosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity than donor packed red blood cell units. Clinical studies to compare the effects of autologous transfusion of shed abdominal blood and packed red blood cell units on coagulation status and clinical outcome are required.
Creation and assessment of a clinical predictive model for candidaemia in patients with candiduria
Authors: Wang Katie , Hsueh Kevin , Kronen Ryan , Lin Charlotte , Salazar Ana S. , Powderly William G. , Spec Andrej 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCandidaemia is the most common clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Candiduria is a predictor for candidaemia; however, patient characteristics that are associated with concurrent candidaemia in the setting of candiduria are unclear. Identifying these characteristics could aid in the early detection of systemic disease. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalised patients with candiduria at our institution over a 13‐year period. Our evaluation of patient characteristics included demographics, comorbidities, medications, procedures, devices, vital signs and laboratory values. We developed a multivariable logistic model to identify factors associated with candidaemia in patients with candiduria. We identified 4240 patients with candiduria, 263 (6.2%) of whom had candidaemia. Predictors for increased risk of candidaemia with candiduria included hospitalisations > 12 days, central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition, haematological and gynaecological malignancy, and receipt of β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitors. Vital signs and laboratory values associated with candidaemia included elevated heart rate, temperature and creatinine, along with neutropenia and neutrophilia. Factors that demonstrated a decreased risk of candidaemia included diabetes mellitus, gastrostomy and urinary catheter with antibiotic use. The c‐statistic was 0.741 (95% CI, 0.710‐0.772). We identified a set of clinical characteristics that can predict the presence of candidaemia with candiduria.
Creator, Christ, and Creation in Scientific DialogueKnowing Creation: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy, and Science, Andrew B.Torrance and Thomas H.McCall (eds), Zondervan, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐310‐53613‐0), 352 pp., pb $39.99Christ and the Created Order: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy, and Science, Andrew B.Torrance and Thomas H.McCall (eds), Zondervan, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐310‐53608‐6), 304 pp., pb $36.99
Authors: Penner Bradley M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review article will evaluate two companion volumes on the continuing dialogue between the natural sciences and Christian theology, particularly how the two disciplines mutually complement and reinforce one another because they are not in fundamental disagreement even though they have ultimately different subject matters, that is, the Triune God and his creation/natural world. We agree with the contributors that the disciplines of the natural sciences and Christian theology integrate well but not to the extent of an ultimate synthesis wherein they lose their distinct methodologies, epistemologies, and ontologies. Moreover, we will argue that even though Darwinian evolutionary theory is the reigning scientific paradigm, as accepted by the contributors, we believe that it is not the only one available to Christian theologians and thus other paradigms should have been given a voice in these volumes.
Addressing myths about exercise in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wilund Kenneth R. , Jeong Jin Hee , Greenwood Sharlene A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite decades of research, there are few published guidelines related to the safety and efficacy of exercise training in hemodialysis patients. This has led to disparate recommendations regarding the type, intensity, and timing for exercise, especially for patients with multiple comorbidities. Many common recommendations are not supported by research data, so their justification is uncertain. These recommendations include exercising in the first hour of dialysis; not exercising if hypertensive, cramping, or volume overloaded; avoiding heavy weights on vascular access limb; clinicians managing an exercise program; intradialytic exercise or interdialytic exercise is better; and strength training during dialysis is impractical. The purpose of this review is to describe the evidence that supports or refutes these beliefs. In summary, these beliefs or myths have generally led to an overly conservative approach to exercise that serves as a barrier to increasing physical activity levels in an overly sedentary population that could benefit from moving more.