bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene environmental history in high‐Arctic North Greenland revealed by a combined biomarker and macrofossil approach
Authors: Kusch Stephanie , Bennike Ole , Wagner Bernd , Lenz Matthias , Steffen Ilona , Rethemeyer Janet 
Published: January 2019

In this study, we use a combined biomarker and macrofossil approach to reconstruct the Holocene climate history recorded in Trifna Sø, Skallingen area, eastern North Greenland. Chronological information is derived from comparison of lithological, biogeochemical and macrofossil characteristics with a well‐dated record from nearby Lille Sneha Sø. Following local deglaciation aroundc. 8 cal. ka BP, the local peak warmth occurred betweenc. 7.4 and 6.2 cal. ka BPas indicated by maximum macrofossil abundances of warmth‐demanding plants (Salix arcticaand Dryas integrifolia) and invertebrates (Daphnia pulexand Chironomidae). Warm conditions were dominated by terrestrial organic matter (OM) sedimentation as implied by the alkane‐based Paqratio, but increased aquatic productivity is indicated when temperature was highest around 6.5 cal. ka BP. Then‐C29/n‐C31alkane ratio shows that vegetation in the catchment was dominated by shrubs after deglaciation, but shifted towards relatively more grassy/herbaceous vegetation during peak warmth. After 5.4 cal. ka BP, the disappearance of warmth‐demanding plant and invertebrate macrofossils indicates cooling in the Skallingen area. This cooling was characterized by a significant shift towards dominance of aquaticOMsedimentation in Trifna Sø as implied by high Paqratios. Cooling was also associated with a shift in vegetation type from dwarf‐shrub heaths towards relatively more herbaceous vegetation in the catchment, stronger erosion and more oligotrophic conditions in the lake. Our data show that mean air temperatures inferred using branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) do not seem to accurately reflect the local climatic history. Irrespective of calibration, methylation of branched tetraethers (MBT) palaeothermometry cannot be reconciled with the macrofossil evidence and seems to be biased by either changing brGDGTsources (in situvs. soil‐derived) or changing species assemblages and/or an unknown physiological response to changing environmental conditions at high latitude.
Debate: Fomenting controversy regarding pediatric bipolar disorder
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin I. , Post Robert M. , Birmaher Boris 
Published: January 2019

Read the Editors’ introduction at: doi: 10.1111/camh.12315Read the core debate at: doi: 10.1111/camh.12231; doi: 10.1111/camh.12243; doi: 10.1111/camh.12296; doi: 10.1111/camh.12306Read more perspectives in this debate at: doi: 10.1111/camh.12317; doi: 10.1111/camh.12316; doi: 10.1111/camh.12313; doi: 10.1111/camh.12310; doi: 10.1111/camh.12314
Gender, prick test size and rAra h 2 sIgE level may predict the eliciting dose in patients with peanut allergy: Evidence from the Mirabel survey
Authors: Elegbede Chabi Fabrice , Papadopoulos Alexandra , Just Jocelyne , Moneret‐Vautrin Denise Anne , Deschildre Antoine , Crépet Amélie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundPeanut allergy management is based on active avoidance and access to emergency treatment including self‐injectable adrenaline. Knowing the dose at which a patient is likely to react is crucial for risk assessment and could significantly improve management by integrating a personalized approach.ObjectiveTo develop a threshold dose distribution curve model from routinely collected data.MethodsThe MIRABEL survey is an observational study of 785 patients with peanut allergy/sensitization conducted in France, Belgium and Luxemburg. The current analysis included the 238 participants for whom medical and oral food challenge data were available. Several statistical models (Kaplan‐Meier, Cox model, Weibull and Lognormal with predictive factors, basic Weibull and Lognormal) were compared to select the best model and predictive factor combination associated with the threshold doses. Inferences were made with a Bayesian approach.ResultsPatients were mainly children (mean age: 9 years [IQR: 6‐11]; 87% < 16 years) and males (62%). Median Ara h2 s IgE was of 8kUA/L [IQR: 1‐55] and median skin prick test size of 10 mm [IQR: 7‐13]. OFC was positive in 204 patients (86%). The median threshold dose was of 67 mg of peanut protein [IQR: 16‐244]. The dose at which 1% of the patients are likely to react with objective symptoms was 0.26 [0.03; 2.24] mg of peanut protein. Gender, size of the skin prick test (SPT) and Ara h 2 specific IgE level had a significant impact on the threshold dose distribution curve. The Cox model was the most effective to predict threshold doses with this combination of factors. Girls react to lower doses than boys with a beta coefficient associated to the risk and a 95% credible interval of 0.44 [0.04; 0.77]. The higher the size of the SPT and the Ara h 2 specific IgE level are, the higher the risk of reacting to a small amount of peanut, with beta coefficients associated to the risk and 95% credible intervals of 0.05 [0.02; 0.08] and 0.01 [0.01; 0.02], respectively.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAccording to the model, routinely collected data could be used to estimate the threshold dose. The consequences could be the identification of high‐risk patients who are susceptible to react to small amounts of peanut and a personalized management of peanut allergy integrating the risk of allergic reaction. Limitations of this study are that assessors of OFC outcome were aware of SPT and Arah2 results, and a further validation study is required to confirm the predictive value of these parameters.
Impaired immunoregulatory network of the CD4 T lymphocytes in refractory asthma
Authors: Fernandes Jamille S. , Araujo Maria Ilma , de Almeida Tarcísio V. V. S. , Andrade Lorena S. , Lopes Diego M. , de Mello Luane M. , Carvalho Edgar M. , Cruz Álvaro A. , Cardoso Luciana S. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe immunopathogenesis of severe asthma has been associated with an inefficient regulatory response. There are a few studies about the CD4 T cells profile among individuals with severe asthma refractory to treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the CD4 T lymphocyte profile from individuals with severe asthma according to their response to treatment, relating to their atopy status and age of asthma onset.MethodsWe evaluated nineteen individuals with severe asthma refractory to treatment (SAR), 21 with well‐controlled or partly controlled severe asthma (CSA) and 23 with mild‐to‐moderate asthma (MMA). Lymphocytes were obtained from PBMC, and the frequency of expression of different molecules in this population was assessed using the flow cytometry.ResultsWe observed the frequency of CD4+IFN‐γ+T cells was higher in atopic individuals with SAR than with CSA. In addition, among the atopic and early‐onset asthma (EOA), the frequency of CD4+CTLA‐4+T cells was lower in the SAR group than the CSA group. In relation to non‐atopic and late‐onset asthma (LOA) phenotypes, we noted the frequency of CD4+FoxP3+T cells was lower in individuals with SAR than with CSA. We also observed among the LOA patients, the frequency of CD4+TGF‐β+ T cells was decreased in SAR group than the in CSA group.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOur data suggest that refractoriness to treatment in asthma is associated with a lower expression of distinct regulatory molecules by CD4 T cells between those who are atopic and have EOA and those who are non‐atopic and have LOA. Thus, these results may contribute to the identification of new regulatory strategies to treat asthma according to their phenotypes.
Lessons from seabird conservation in Alaskan longline fisheries
Authors: Melvin Edward F. , Dietrich Kimberly S. , Suryan Robert M. , Fitzgerald Shannon M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough bycatch of seabirds and other long‐lived species is a critical conservation issue in world fisheries, case studies documenting significant reductions in the mortality of these low‐productivity species in a fishery are rare. We studied progress toward seabird conservation in the Alaskan longline fisheries, one of the largest and most diverse demersal fisheries. We generated annual seabird bycatch rates in 4 target fisheries and all fisheries combined from 23 years of fisheries observer data. We used 0‐inflated negative binomial models to evaluate variables influencing seabird bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) in 2 target fisheries. Following adoption of streamer lines, at first voluntarily and then mandatorily, seabird BPUE was reduced by 77–90%, preventing mortality of thousands of birds per year. Despite this, BPUE increased significantly in 2 of 4 target fisheries since streamer lines were adopted. Although night setting yielded significant reductions (74–97%) in seabird BPUE and significant increases (7–11%) in fish catch per unit effort over daytime setting, nighttime setting increased the BPUE of Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) by 40% and nontarget fish species by 5–17%. Thus, best practices to prevent seabird mortalities in longline fisheries varied by species assemblage and fishery. Our results inform global efforts toward fisheries bycatch reduction by illustrating that successful conservation requires fishery‐specific solutions, strong industry support, constant vigilance in analysis and reporting observer data, and ongoing outreach to fleets, especially to vessels with anomalously high BPUE.
A systematic review of outcomes after salvage abdominoperineal resection for persistent or recurrent anal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Ko G. , Sarkaria A. , Merchant S. J. , Booth C. M. , Patel S. V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimUp to 30% of patients with squamous cell cancer of the anus (SCCA) will require a salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) for either persistent or recurrent disease. The objective of this study was to assess cancer‐related outcomes in patients with (i) persistent or (ii) recurrent SCCA.MethodEmbase and MEDLINE were searched. Publications were included if they assessed overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and locoregional recurrence or metastatic disease after salvage APR for persistent or recurrent SCCA.ResultsA total of 28 retrospective case series (study size ranged from nine to 111) met our inclusion criteria. The median time to salvage APR was 2.6 months [interquartile range (IQR) 2.6–5.0 months, six studies] for persistent disease and 27.6 months (IQR 15.0–32.7 months, five studies) for recurrent disease. The median 5‐year OS from the time of salvage APR was 45.0% (IQR 32.0%–52.3%, 10 studies) for persistent disease and 51.0% (IQR 36.0%–60.9%, 11 studies) for recurrent disease. The median 5‐year DFS following salvage APR was 44.0% (IQR 29.5%–53.0%, 10 studies) for all patients. Following salvage APR, the median locoregional recurrence rate was 23.5% (IQR 15.8%– 46.9%, 19 studies) and 9.0% (IQR 6.4%–13.3%, 16 studies) of patients developed metastatic disease after salvage APR.ConclusionOur review characterizes the best evidence for outcomes following salvage APR for patients with persistent or recurrent SCCA. The evidence is limited by the quality of included studies, as many were single centre case series.
Identifying a potential biomarker for primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and its association with recurrence after transplantation
Authors: Harel Efrat , Shoji Jun , Abraham Vivek , Miller Loan , Laszik Zoltan , Thurison Tine , King Andrew , Olshen Adam , Leung Joey , Szabo Gyula , Hann Byron , Høyer‐Hansen Gunilla , Craik Charles S. , Vincenti Flavio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated circulating levels of individual soluble urokinase plasminogen activation receptor (suPAR) forms to determine if specific circulating fragments of suPAR (II‐III) and (I) can better serve as clinical biomarkers for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and the risk of recurrence after transplantation.Materials and MethodsSerum levels of intact suPAR and its cleaved forms were measured with two assays, ELISA and TR‐FIA.ResultssuPAR levels in healthy controls were significantly lower than those who had glomerular diseases but were not significantly different between FSGS patients and glomerular controls. Intact suPAR (I‐II‐III) levels were noted to be elevated in glomerular diseases including FSGS. uPAR fragment (I) levels measured with the TR‐FIA 4 assay were significantly higher in FSGS (695.4 + 91.29 pMol/L) than glomerular controls (239.1 + 40.45 pMol/L, P = 0.001). However, suPAR(I) levels were not significantly different between recurrent FSGS and nonrecurrent FSGS patients.ConclusionOur analysis of suPAR using the ELISA assay used in all previous studies does not appear to be a useful marker for FSGS nor serve as a predictor for its recurrence after transplantation. The TR‐FIA assay results suggest that uPAR(I) is a potential biomarker for FSGS but not of its recurrence.
The ethical conundrum: Conflicting advocacy positions in advanced heart failure therapy
Authors: Dudzinski Denise M. , Mahr Claudius , Bjelkengren Jason , Mokadam Nahush A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is estimated that nearly 6.5 million Americans over the age of 20 suffer from heart failure. Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years of age, and carries with it a 5‐year mortality of nearly 50%. Despite advances in medical therapy, treatment for medically refractory end‐stage, advanced heart failure is limited to heart transplant, mechanical circulatory support (MCS), or palliative care only. Patient selection in advanced heart failure (AHF) therapy is complex. Not only are the patients medically complicated, but providers are biased by their individual and collective experience with similar and dissimilar patients. Clinicians caring for AHF patients balance competing clinical and ethical demands, which appropriately leads to professional debate and disagreement. These debates are constructive because they clarify ethical and professional commitments and help to ensure fair and equitable treatment of AHF patients.
Aripiprazole compared with placebo for auditory verbal hallucinations in youth with borderline personality disorder: Protocol for the VERBATIM randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chanen Andrew M. , Betts Jennifer , Jackson Henry , McGorry Patrick , Nelson Barnaby , Cotton Sue M. , Bartholomeusz Cali , Jovev Martina , Ratheesh Aswin , Davey Christopher , Pantelis Christos , McCutcheon Louise , Francey Shona , Bhaduri Amit , Lowe Danielle , Rayner Victoria , Thompson Katherine 
Published: January 2019

AimUp to half of patients with borderline personality disorder report auditory verbal hallucinations that are phenomenologically indistinguishable from those in schizophrenia, occur early in the course of the disorder, and are enduring, distressing and disabling. In clinical practice, this symptom is widely assumed to be unresponsive to treatment with antipsychotic medication and early intervention is rarely offered. The Verbal Experiences Response in Borderline personality disorder to Aripiprazole TrIal Medication (VERBATIM) study aims to be the first controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of conventional pharmacotherapy for this symptom in this patient group.MethodVERBATIM is a 12‐week, triple‐blind, single‐centre, parallel groups randomised controlled trial, with a 27‐week follow‐up period. Participants between the ages of 15 and 25 years receive either aripiprazole or placebo daily, commencing at 2 mg and increasing to 10 mg by day 15. Further dose escalations (up to 30 mg) may occur, as clinically indicated. This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616001192471 on 30/08/2016.ResultsThe primary outcome is severity of auditory verbal hallucinations assessed using the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes include the severity of general psychopathology, borderline personality pathology, social and occupational functioning and change in brain resting state connectivity. The primary endpoint is week 12 and secondary endpoint is week 39.ConclusionThe results will inform treatment decisions for individuals with borderline personality disorder who present with auditory verbal hallucinations.
Principles of the animal molecular clock learned from Neurospora
Authors: Loros Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudy of Neurospora, a model system evolutionarily related to animals and sharing a circadian system having nearly identical regulatory architecture to that of animals, has advanced our understanding of all circadian rhythms. Work on the molecular bases of the Oscillator began in Neurospora before any clock genes were cloned and provided the second example of a clock gene, frq, as well as the first direct experimental proof that the core of the Oscillator was built around a transcriptional translational negative feedback loop (TTFL). Proof that FRQ was a clock component provided the basis for understanding how light resets the clock, and this in turn provided the generally accepted understanding for how light resets all animal and fungal clocks. Experiments probing the mechanism of light resetting led to the first identification of a heterodimeric transcriptional activator as the positive element in a circadian feedback loop, and to the general description of the fungal/animal clock as a single step TTFL. The common means through which DNA damage impacts the Oscillator in fungi and animals was first described in Neurospora. Lastly, the systematic study of Output was pioneered in Neurospora, providing the vocabulary and conceptual framework for understanding how Output works in all cells. This model system has contributed to the current appreciation of the role of Intrinsic Disorder in clock proteins and to the documentation of the essential roles of protein post‐translational modification, as distinct from turnover, in building a circadian clock.
Auditory‐evoked potentials to changes in sound duration in urethane‐anaesthetized mice
Authors: Lipponen Arto , Kurkela Jari L. O. , Kyläheiko Iiris , Hölttä Sonja , Ruusuvirta Timo , Hämäläinen Jarmo A. , Astikainen Piia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpectrotemporally complex sounds carry important information for acoustic communication. Among the important features of these sounds is the temporal duration. An event‐related potential called mismatch negativity indexes auditory change detection in humans. An analogous response (mismatch response) has been found to duration changes in speech sounds in rats but not yet in mice. We addressed whether mice show this response, and, if elicited, whether this response is functionally analogous to mismatch negativity or whether adaptation‐based models suffice to explain them. Auditory‐evoked potentials were epidurally recorded above the mice auditory cortex. The differential response to the changes in a repeated human speech sound /a/ was elicited 53–259 ms post‐change (oddball condition). The differential response was observable to the largest duration change (from 200 to 110 ms). Any smaller (from 200 to 120–180 ms at 10 ms steps) duration changes did elicit an observable response. The response to the largest duration change did not robustly differ in amplitude from the response to the change‐inducing sound presented without its repetitive background (equiprobable condition). The findings suggest that adaptation may suffice to explain responses to duration changes in spectrotemporally complex sounds in anaesthetized mice. The results pave way for development of a variety of murine models of acoustic communication.
Heritage language education in the United States: A national survey of college‐level Chinese language programs
Authors: Luo Han , Li Yu , Li Ming‐Ying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study reports the results of a national survey of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) education in U.S. colleges and universities. Conducted during a period of 13 months, the project included an initial survey that elicited general information such as program structure, course offerings, and materials. Of the 619 institutions to which the survey was sent, 246 responses were received, of which 51 institutions were identified as offering CHL courses. A follow‐up survey of heritage‐track instructors at the 51 institutions investigated their views on existing teaching materials, challenges, successful experiences, and needs for professional development. In addition to providing a general picture of college‐level CHL education across the United States, this article also identifies urgent issues that need to be addressed for CHL education and discusses the implications for teaching CHL learners in particular and heritage language learners in general.
Investigating marine bio‐calcification mechanisms in a changing ocean with in vivo and high‐resolution ex vivo Raman spectroscopy
Authors: DeCarlo Thomas M. , Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Christopher E. , Gajdzik Laura , Guagliardo Paul , Sadekov Aleksey , Thillainath Emma C. , Trotter Julie , McCulloch Malcolm T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOcean acidification poses a serious threat to marine calcifying organisms, yet experimental and field studies have found highly diverse responses among species and environments. Our understanding of the underlying drivers of differential responses to ocean acidification is currently limited by difficulties in directly observing and quantifying the mechanisms of bio‐calcification. Here, we present Raman spectroscopy techniques for characterizing the skeletal mineralogy and calcifying fluid chemistry of marine calcifying organisms such as corals, coralline algae, foraminifera, and fish (carbonate otoliths). First, our in vivo Raman technique is the ideal tool for investigating non‐classical mineralization pathways. This includes calcification by amorphous particle attachment, which has recently been controversially suggested as a mechanism by which corals resist the negative effects of ocean acidification. Second, high‐resolution ex vivo Raman mapping reveals complex banding structures in the mineralogy of marine calcifiers, and provides a tool to quantify calcification responses to environmental variability on various timescales from days to years. We describe the new insights into marine bio‐calcification that our techniques have already uncovered, and we consider the wide range of questions regarding calcifier responses to global change that can now be proposed and addressed with these new Raman spectroscopy tools.