bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Noise Exposure Among Airport Workers in Malaysia: An Ergonomic Investigation
Authors: Athirah B. , Nurul Shahida M.S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Occupational noise is defined as a disturbance of sound at a workplace received by a worker’s auditory system when they are working. A sustained and prolonged exposure to the noise can cause permanent hearing loss or damage to the worker. According to Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), there is a certain tolerable noise level that can be exposed to the workers at a given time. This study aims to investigate the level of noise produced at the landing area in Sultan Ahmad Shah (SAS) Airport, Kuantan, Malaysia. A comprehensive ergonomic assessment divided into two phases is utilized in order to evaluate the noise exposure of the workers. In Phase I, an initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment is applied to gather the information on the ergonomic risk factors of the noise exposure, while for Phase II, an advanced Ergonomics Risk Assessment is used by monitoring the noise using occupational noise level meter. Thirty workers from the landing area which consists of the ground handlers were included as the subjects for this study. The value of noise exposure is measured while the workers perform their job. Results suggested that (a) the workers are aware of the noise exposure as per results shown in initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment in Phase I, and (b) the workers were exposed to high level of noise as suggested by OSHA (> 100 dBA at 2 hours exposure). With the suggested findings, the management of SAS Airport needs to create sufficient awareness to emphasize the usage of hearing protection devices in the workplace.
Application of Micro Electro-Mechanical Sensors (MEMS) Devices with Wifi Connectivity and Cloud Data Solution for Industrial Noise and Vibration Measurements
Authors: Sahdom A. S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces the application of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) for industrial noise and vibration measurements. Sound measurement was done using a compact sound level meter with type 1 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone while the vibration measurement used a compact vibration measuring device with 3-axial accelerometer, which is also a MEMS type sensor. The MEMS Sensors being used in both measuring devices provide advantages in terms of features and specifications such as weight reduction, compact in size and economically affordable for various applications. Besides MEMS Sensors, the devices are equipped with wireless connectivity to a local server via a WIFI router. This eliminates the usage of wired connection in data handling. Furthermore, Cloud connectivity is an add-on feature to the wireless capabilities of both devices. Using the Cloud features enable threshold alert alarm, data monitoring and collection to be done regardless of time and location of devices, provided that the internet connectivity is available to the user and the devices.
Retaining {100} fibre texture in electrical steel via strain-induced boundary migration recrystallisation.
Authors: Ji M , Davis C , Slater C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the feasibility of retaining the preferred {100} fibre texture for non-grain oriented (NGO) electrical steel from the as-cast columnar {100} grains by encouraging recrystallisation via the strain induced boundary migration (SIBM) mechanism was investigated. Rolling with intermediate annealing stages before the final anneal was used to reduce the stored energy through recovery before the final recrystallisation step. A strong {100} fibre recrystallisation texture, i.e. 32% area fraction, was seen in the sample which was warm deformed to 1.6 strain with 5 intermediate annealing stages then annealed at 950 °C for 5 minutes (to observe the early stages of recrystallisation) or 1 hour. Whereas only 12 - 14% {100} fibre component was observed after 1.2 strain with a single or with no intermediate annealing stage. It was found that the {100} fibre recrystallisation texture was formed in regions adjacent to parental deformed grains with {100} fibre texture due to the SIBM recrystallisation mechanism. EBSD imaging analysis was used to follow the recrystallisation process in the same microstructural region using interrupted heat treatments and it was seen that the {100} texture grains carried very low stored energy after deformation, which meant the subgrains in these grains bulged into the surrounding grains with higher stored energy. Due to its slow recrystallisation nucleation rate, a low overall stored energy is preferred to encourage {100} texture recrystallised grains to form via the SIBM recrystallisation mechanism.
Determination of static recrystallization and recovery parameters for steel by fitting model to stress relaxation data
Authors: Pohjonen A , Seppälä O , Jokiranta A , Kaijalainen A , Somani M , Porter D , Larkiola J , Kömi J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A model for static recrystallization by Zurob et al. [1] has been fitted to experimental stress relaxation [2] data obtained on a low-alloyed steel using a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator. The model has been implemented as an algorithm that calculates the stress relaxation as a function of time, including physical descriptions of the recovery and recrystallization processes. The activation energy and volume were used as fitting parameters for recovery, and the activation energy of diffusion and nucleation site density were used as the fitting parameters for recrystallization. The four fitting parameters were determined from the experimental data by applying the Nelder-Mead algorithm within Matlab software. It can be concluded from the preliminary results that Zurob’s model can be successfully fitted to the stress relaxation data in order to illustrate the static restoration characteristics and kinetics in carbon steels using these fitting parameters.
Preferred orientation formation in surface layer of aluminum sheet subjected to friction roll surface processing and temperature gradient annealing
Authors: Takayama Yoshimasa , Hamano Ryuichi , Arakawa Takuya , Watanabe Hideo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Preferred orientation formation in surface layer of aluminum sheet subjected to friction roll surface processing (FRSP) and temperature gradient annealing has been investigated by SEM/EBSD analysis. FRSP imposed severe shear strain in the surface layer of the aluminum sheet, where the indentation was selected as 0.1mm and the feeding speed was set as 0.3mm/s. The annealing with steep temperature gradient in longitudinal direction was applied to the small specimen of 12mm long, 10mm wide and 1mm thick, which made microstructural evolution concentrated to the nearest layer to the surface. Shear strain more than 10 was imposed at a site of 14μm beneath the surface. The temperature gradient more than 20K/mm was attained even for aluminum which has high thermal conductivity. The {100} pole of ND/TD (FRSP plane/FRSP direction) FRSPed specimen showed very weak intensity of <001>//ND while the {111} pole implies <110>//TD. In contrast, the shear texture component {111}<110> mainly evolved in the specimen subjected to FRSP and the ordinary annealing. Evolution of the component {111}<110> after the temperature gradient annealing were compared with that after the ordinary annealing in consideration of stored strain energy in each crystallographic orientation.
Effect of Cr and C on microstructure evolution of medium carbon steels during friction stir welding process and their mechanical property
Authors: Cheng C , Kadoi K , Tokita S , Fujii H , Ushioda K , Inoue H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chromium and carbon in medium carbon steels on the microstructure evolution during FSW process and their mechanical property. The materials are dynamically recrystallized in austenite during FSW followed by phase transformation from austenite to ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and martensite. In the case of 0.2%C, the microstructure of the stir zone transited from pearlite and ferrite to bainite and martensite with the increase in chromium content. On the other hand, in the case of 0.4%C, the microstructure transited from pearlite to martensite with the increase in chromium content. The specimens of 0.2%C-4%Cr, 0.4%C-2%Cr and 0.4%C-4%Cr showed high tensile strength of over 1.5 GPa. In addition, even though the microstructures in the stir zones of the specimens are martensite, the elongation of 0.2%C-4%Cr was 31%while those of the others were less than 5%. TEM observation revealed that many tiny carbides precipitated in martensite of the stir zone of 0.2%C-4%Cr and micro twin formed in martensite in those of 0.4%C-2%Cr and 0.4%C-4%Cr. Thus, it was considered that auto-tempering occurred in the stir zone of 0.2%C-4%Cr during FSW process. The carbide precipitation in martensite is more effective to improve the tensile elongation compared with micro twin formation.
Influences of cold rolling, recrystallization and surface effect on the transformation textures in a TA10 titanium alloy
Authors: Yang P , Wei Z G , Gu X F , Cui F E , Mao W M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A transformation treatment based on surface effect induced transformation is applied to cold rolled TA10 titanium alloy sheets to change and control transformation texture. This kind of treatment can promote the α-phase nucleation at sheet surface region during cooling and control the growth of surface α-grains into center layer of sheet. The results indicate that as the heating temperature increased, the transformation textures in the final HCP-structured TA10 sheets changed in helium atmosphere from the recrystallization type texture of <11-20>//RD to the transformation type texture of <11-20>//ND. The textures in sheets treated at low transformation temperature of 1000°C reveal texture memory effect, while those treated at high transformation temperature of 1100°C illustrate the effects of both transformation strain and anisotropy in elastic modules of HCP titanium crystals. The surface effect is promoted by cooling gas of helium, which leads to layered structures along sheet thickness direction. The surface region often shows small equiaxed grains with recrystallization orientations, while the center layer reveals coarse grains with either plate-like or equiaxed grain morphology corresponding to transformation orientation or recrystallization orientation, respectively. The special grain boundaries in plate-like α variants are different from those in equiaxed grains. These differences in morphologies, sizes and orientations are explained in terms of the mechanism change of the factors affecting variant selection.
Effect of hot deformation on grain refinement in a Re containing nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Mukhtarov Sh Kh , Imayev V M , Ganeev A A , Shakhov R V , Logunov A V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hot deformation experiments have been performed for a novel polycrystalline superalloy with a nominal composition Ni-12.5(Al,Ti,Nb,Ta)-37(Cr,Co,W,Mo,Re)-0.17(C,La,Y,Ce,B) (in wt. %) intended for disc applications in gas turbine engines. The as-cast superalloy was characterized by a higher amount of the γ’ phase, a coarse γ grain size and a high level of dendritic segregation. The as-cast superalloy was subjected to long-term annealing to homogenize and heterogenize the material prior to hot deformation. The hot working experiments were performed in a different manner. First, isothermal compression experiments at temperatures below and above the γ’ solvus temperature were performed. These experiments allowed us to determine the temperature-strain rate conditions providing improved workability. Second, unidirectional forging experiments were performed under quasi-isothermal conditions using a specially designed can made of a stainless steel. The use of the optimal temperature-strain conditions and the can provided reasonable hot workability and delocalized occurrence of recrystallization processes during hot forging. EBSD analysis of the forged workpieces revealed that the grain refinement resulted from continuous dynamic recrystallization. For the first time hot deformation processing was successfully developed for the rhenium containing ingot-metallurgy nickel-based superalloy.
Turning the corner on US power sector CO2 emissions—a 1990–2015 state level analysis
Authors: Mohlin Kristina , Bi Alex , Brooks Susanne , Camuzeaux Jonathan , Stoerk Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Total CO2 emissions from the United States power sector increased over the period 1990–2005, but peaked soon after, and by 2015 they had declined by 20% compared to 2005. This study analyzes the supply-side drivers of the increasing trend up until 2005 as well as the factors across US states that enabled significant reductions in the following decade. Using index decomposition analysis, we show that the two main factors driving the CO2 decrease were natural gas substituting for coal and petroleum, and large increases in renewable energy generation (primarily wind)—which were responsible for 60% and 30% of the decline respectively since 2005. Both effects were concentrated in states where low natural gas prices or a combination of federal tax credits, state energy policies, decreasing costs of renewables, and advantageous wind conditions drove significant reductions of CO2 emissions—resulting in the overall national emissions decline.
A Review on Process Parameters and their effects on Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium and Steel Alloys
Authors: Chitturi Veerendra , Rao Pedapati Srinivasa , Awang Mokhtar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) presents numerous advantages over conventional fusion welding techniques such as eliminating the need for a shielding gas, requiring less energy per weld, and the lack of a flame or arc making it safer in the work place. Another advantage of FSW is its ability to join materials that are extremely difficult, or impossible to weld with conventional fusion techniques. The growing need for dissimilar welding relates to joining aluminium and steel base metals. Individually, both metals are utilized extensively in the automotive and aerospace industries due to various advantages respectively, including lightweight, high specific strength, and recyclability. Like conventional welding methods, the intermetallic compound formation represents the main problem issue in FSW. Heat cycle has a significant effect on Intermetallic Compounds thickening phase transformation and the elimination of the amorphous phase. The hybrid techniques utilized in FSW for Al-to-steel joints reveal high joint strength in conjunction with high costs of setup and equipment. These techniques modify the steel flow around the rotated pin by acting as an assisted heat source. Process parameters play the most important role in defining the quality of the weld to withstand. In this paper we are going to discuss the effect of different parameters on Dissimilar FSW.
Investigating the effectiveness of Water Hyacinth Fiber Mat for Soil Erosion Control
Authors: Chow M.F. , Hashrim H. , Chong S.T. , Ng Y.J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The usage of natural fiber mat has created much attention especially in soil erosion control sector due to low cost and sustainable materials. This study investigated the effectiveness of natural fiber mat made from water hyacinth stems for soil erosion control. The water hyacinth fiber mat (WHFM) was fabricated with mesh opening size of 30 mm × 30mm and tested at 30 degree slope inclinations under simulated rainfall with constant intensity. Results revealed that soil with treatment (covered by WHFM) significantly decreased sediment yields and volumes, with average 78.74% reduction efficiency compared to untreated soil (bare soil).
Numerical Simulation on the Flame Propagation in Duct-Vented Gas Explosion: The Effect of Duct Length on the Secondary Explosion
Authors: Zubaidah Sulaiman Siti , Syazwana Noor Azmi Nurul , Ramli Azizan , Md Kasmani Rafiziana , Kholijah Abdul Mudalip Siti , Che Man Rohaida , Md Shaarani Shalyda , Iffah Mohd Arshad Zatul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Duct venting is the most recognized explosion protection technique used in the industry. However, the key problem with this technique is the appropriate design of the duct size for an effective release material to prevent the secondary explosion that can cause further damage to the plant. Factors such as duct length and diameter have a significant effect on the duct venting mechanism that contributes to the second explosion. Thus in this study, the duct-vented gas explosion was simulated with the aim to investigate the influence of duct length focusing on the flame and pressure characteristics. From the simulation analysis, it shows that vessel interconnected with the duct with 0.05 m diameter and 0.5 m length experience a flame severe problem behavior to produce the secondary explosion effect.
Effect of Mixing Parameter on Epoxy-Organo Montmorillonite Composites: Flexural and Microscopy Analysis
Authors: Mat Daud Yusrina , Fazlina Osman Azlin , Farhana Zainal Farah , Firdaus Abu Hashim Mohammad , Si Hasri M. , Si Hartati S. , Soo Li Ng , Arzuria Adnan Sinar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of two mixing parameters during preparation of epoxy composites on speed 250 rpm and 500 rpm, mixing time 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes were observed in this study by flexural and microscopy analysis. Preparation epoxy composites were based on epoxy diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and montmorillonite (OMMT) filler. It was found that mixing speed at 500 rpm performed higher flexural strength as compared to 250 rpm at mixing time 150 minutes. This was due to an improved mixing speed by appropriate time as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Comparative Studies of Rib Waveguide Material for Quantum Communication Application
Authors: Yusof Roshidah , Ali Norshamsuri , Kolenderski Piotr , Slowik Karolina , Ahmad Hambali N. A. M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently, the needs to achieve a very high traffic capacity and superfast quantum computing led to advancement in optical waveguide technology. The selection of material with a high refractive index and transparent within the telecommunication wavelength range are crucially needed to achieve these. In this paper, the performance of two promising quantum materials, Silicon on Insulator (SOI) and Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI) rib waveguide were studied. The mode analysis was conducted by using a finite element method to observe the confinement electromagnetic wave across rib waveguide. Apart from the variation of a material index, the width and height of core were optimized to achieve single mode propagation at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Based on the simulation work, it is shown that both material structures were able to produce single mode propagation with SOI showing higher confinement compared to the LNOI rib waveguide structure. LNOI structure was able to provide wide range of propagation signal wavelength.
Warpage optimisation using virgin and recycled polycarbonates: a case study of front panel housing
Authors: Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi Nur , Zamree Abd Rahim Shayfull , Hidayah Mohamad Huzaim Nurul , Roslan Norshahira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Plastic product are commonly produced using an injection molding process. A large amount of product can produce within a very short time. One of the defect that often being encountered in the production is warpage. By determine the appropriate parameter setting by using optimisation method, the quality of the moulded part can be improve. The warpage can be minimise but difficult to eliminate. The part can be smaller than the actual size cause by the warpage. Due to this defect will cause the plastic part difficult to be assembled. Considering the increasing application of these thermoplastic materials, the use of recycled polymers has increased too. Environmental issues, the subsequent tendency to save resources and the high costs of polymers have made the recycling an inevitable option. This study provides a scientific knowledge that will be useful to plastic manufacturing industries in injection moulding process especially by using virgin and recycle material. The parameter that being significant from the studied that been review were mostly melt temperature, packing time, cooling time and packing pressure.
Optimization of Shrinkage and Strength of the Molded Part Produced using LDPE (Virgin and Recycled) material: A Review
Authors: Roslan Norshahira , Zamree Abd Rahim Shayfull , Hidayah Mohamad Nurul , Huzaim  , Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi Nur 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The injection molding process is seen to be one of a versatile and important manufacturing process. This is due to its ability in producing product with complicated design and producing part in large quantity. The advantages of this process had caused an active research on its quality improvement and process. This paper reviews the part quality issues happened in the processes. Along with the reviews of the parameters which affects the defects occurrences. Besides that, recycled plastic application in injection molding process was also reviewed. At the end, it is seen that as compared to other thermoplastic materials, LDPE is least popular and discussed as a subject of research. This paper organizes past research studies in few categories firstly the defects occurrences in plastic injection molding, followed by application of recycled material in molding plastic part, application of optimization method in injection molding, next the application of LDPE material in molding plastic part. Lastly, this paper ends with a brief summary and future work.
A Brief Conceptual View on Classification Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Fatin Liyana Mohd Rosely Nur , Mohd Zain Azlan , Yusoff Yusliza , Yusup NorFadzlan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Classifier is an important element for a classification process to classify features or samples of a dataset successfully. The existence of classifier is important, especially involved multiple class dataset with huge number of features or samples. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier catches more attention over other classifiers as it is widely used in various fields. Therefore, this paper aims to give a brief conceptual view of SVM in classification. The important elements and principle of SVM are also described. Along with that an appropriate evaluation and validation for SVM performance are also included. As a result, SVM concept in solving real world classification problem is identified for future reference.
A Review on Simulation and Modelling for Patient Flow in Emergency Department
Authors: Hamza Nidal , Abdul Majid Mazlina , Adam Khalid , Akma Abu Bakar Noor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At the moment, most of the hospitals are more interested in patient satisfaction because this has been identified as a main issue of quality of service indexes. In most of the Asian countries’ the type of registration system being operated in the healthcare systems are a sort of mixed-mode. Specifically, there are scheduled patients, as well as patients who just walk in and register. Unfortunately, this type of registration structure could increase the patient waiting period even in emergency cases. Interestingly, various methodologies have been explored in order to shorten this undesirable waiting time. This paper focuses on exploration of the characteristics and significance of existing models and simulation techniques from the literature. The combination of agent-based modelling (ABM), DES and integration of DES and ABS technique has been chosen as the solution to modelling patient emergency waiting time in the emergency department realistically. The proactive and independent characteristics of agents in both approaches will contribute to the good representation of patient emergency waiting time in the especially in the emergency department.