bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of a Wind and Hydropower Turbines
Authors: Al-Hinai K. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increase in the use of fossil fuels in energy production and the increase in the pollutants of its combustion. Governments have reinforced over the past few years to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the pollution emitted by traditional methods of producing energy. By using hydropower and wind, energy can move away from the use of fossil fuels and negative effects. Therefore, hydropower and wind energy have been created that depend on renewable and environmentally safe energy. This work focused on building a device that integrates hydropower and wind energy together. This project focused on designing the combined between the hydropower and wind. Therefore, a model of a wind and hydropower turbine has been designed and fabricated. The idea of the paper is to develop a combined system between the wind and hydropower to generate the electricity. The system consists of a wind turbine and hydropower turbine. The wind one is on the top facing the winds directions and the hydropower part is inside the water to convert the water velocity to electricity. The wind turbine and hydropower turbine were connected. The idea behind that to ensure the wind turbine will not be stopped in working while there is no wind.
Experimental Research on the effect of Structural glass fibre in the Tensile Strength Ratio and Retained Stability of VG40 Bituminous mix
Authors: Aishwarya R , Hemamathi A , Sukumar Binu , Yashwantha Kumar M , Vijay Bhagavathi P , Arulshankar B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The tensile characteristics of bituminous mix are a major concern for pavement engineers due to the cracking issues. The cracking infuses moisture into the pavement layers which affects the stability of the pavement. The measures to reduce the fatigue tensile cracks have to be taken in the design stage rather than the maintenance stage. The tensile properties and the stability are evaluated using the indirect tensile strength and retained stability tests. While fibers improve the tensile properties of pavement, the S-glass fiber possessing superior mechanical strength has been found to have less scope in past studies. Thus, the current study primarily focuses on examining how Structural Glass fiber reinforced in VG-40 bituminous concrete mix improves the tensile and moisture susceptibility characteristics. The Marshall technique of bituminous mix design was used to establish the ideal bitumen content for casting the bituminous concrete specimens. At the ideal bitumen content, the attributes of bituminous mixes were established. Tensile strength ratio (TSR), Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Retained Stability of modified bituminous concrete mix were assessed. It is observed that the bituminous mix prepared by adding the S-Glass fibre of 8mm length by 3% weight of aggregates exhibited higher ITS, TSR, and Retained stability. The bituminous mix with glass fiber incorporated had higher retained stability (95.36%) than the conventional mix (91.17%). The results of the Indirect Tensile Strength Test revealed that the mix with glass fiber added had a higher Tensile Strength Ratio (92%) compared to the mix with conventional fiber (87%). A noteworthy outcome that creates opportunities for more study in this field is the rise of 5% TSR and 4.66% maintained the stability of the glass fiber-modified bituminous mix.
The effect of Dolomite powder and Fly ash on durability properties of self-compacting concrete
Authors: Vaishnava Kumar R. , Prabaghar A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of dolomite mineral admixture in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The characteristics of concrete at 7 and 28 days of hardening were evaluated. SCC mixtures with different amounts of dolomite powder and fly ash (FA) at a constant composition were made. It has been noted that the flow ability of SCC mixes gets better with increasing percentages of dolomite. In addition to its mechanical characteristics, the durability of mixes containing SCC has been studied, including water absorption, sorptivity, and permeability to chloride ions and acid attack. After 28 days, a strength of 61 MPa was achieved with a 20% DP replacement level mixture, which is 31.38% higher than the control SCC mix. Along with the compressive strength of SCC, parameters affecting the durability of SCC such as Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), Sorptivity, water absorption and hydrochloric acid attack were also studied at 28 days. The utmost resistance to permeability of chloride ions was attained.
Three-dimensional discontinuum modeling and rigid block stability analysis of a group of three caverns for hydroproject in northeast India
Authors: Sabri Md Shayan , Jaiswal Amit , Verma Amit Kumar , Prajapati Sandeep Kumar , Singh T N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents various methods for calculating the factor of safety (FOS) and utilizes the Isoblock method to analyze the stability of underground powerhouse caverns located in the North-East state of India. A three-dimensional discontinuum analysis simulates the stability of the downstream sidewall, upstream sidewall, and crown of the caverns. The results indicate that the powerhouse cavern contains approximately 2.36% unstable blocks, while the Main Inlet Valve (MIV) and Transformer Caverns exhibit 0.14% and 0.84% unstable blocks, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis investigates the impact of joint stiffness, joint friction angle, in situ stress, cover depth, and the orientation of the cavern’s longer axis on stability. The findings reveal that the cavern’s stability is significantly influenced by variations in lateral stress ratio and the direction of in situ principal stress. Stability is optimized at stress ratios between 1.2 and 1.8, with maximum instability observed in the powerhouse cavern, correlating with its larger size. Notably, the stability of the crown is greater than that of the sidewalls, particularly when the cavern orientation is aligned between N68°E and N78°E. The study underscores the importance of these factors in the design and stability assessment of underground structures, providing valuable insights to enhance their safety and reliability. This analysis highlights the necessity for considering joint stiffness and in situ stress orientations in future designs to mitigate risks associated with instability.
The effects of fair allocation principles on energy system model designs
Authors: Vågerö Oskar , Jackson Inderberg Tor Håkon , Zeyringer Marianne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What constitutes socially just or unjust energy systems or transitions can be derived from philosophy and theories of justice. Assessments of distributive justice and utilising them in modelling lead to great differences based on which justice principles are applied. From the limited research so far published in the intersection between energy systems modelling and justice, we find that comparisons between the two principles of utilitarianism and egalitarianism dominate in assessments of distributive justice, with the latter most often considered representing a ‘just energy system’. The lack of recognition of alternative and equally valid principles of justice, resting on e.g. capabilities, responsibilities and/or opportunities, leads to a narrow understanding of justice that fails to align with the views of different individuals, stakeholders and societies. More importantly, it can lead to the unjust design of future energy systems and energy systems analysis. In this work, we contribute to the growing amount of research on distributive justice in energy systems modelling by assessing the implications of different philosophical views on justice on modelling results. Through a modelling exercise with a power system model for Europe (highRES), we explore different designs of a future (2050) net-zero European electricity system, and its distributional implications based on the application of different justice principles. In addition to the utilitarian and egalitarian approach, we include, among others, principles of ‘polluters pay’ and ‘ability-to-pay’, which take historical contributions of greenhouse gas emissions and the socio-economic conditions of a region into account. We find that fair distributions of electricity generating infrastructure look significantly different depending on the justice principles applied. The results may stimulate a greater discussion among researchers and policymakers on the implications of different constructions of justice in modelling, expansion of approaches, and demonstrate the importance of transparency and assumptions when communicating such results.
The association of adolescent to midlife weight change with age at natural menopause: a population study of 263,586 women in Norway
Authors: Langås Julie R , Eskild Anne , Hofvind Solveig , Bjelland Elisabeth K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Age at menopause varies considerably among women and is linked to health after menopause. Body mass index is associated with age at natural menopause, but the influence of weight change remains unclear. Thus, we studied associations of adolescent to midlife weight change with age at natural menopause. We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of 263,586 women aged 50-69 years attending BreastScreen Norway (2006-2015). The associations were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) for having reached menopause using Cox proportional hazard models. We included nine categories of weight change based on recalls of adolescent weight compared to peers and quartiles of midlife weight in kilograms. We adjusted for year and country of birth, education, number of childbirths, height, smoking, and exercise. Women with the largest estimated weight loss had highest hazard of reaching menopause (adjusted HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.17) compared to women with estimated stable average weight. Conversely, women with the largest estimated weight gain had lower hazard (adjusted HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99). Women with estimated stable high weight had lowest hazard of reaching menopause (adjusted HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90-0.95). Our findings suggest that changes in body weight across the life course may influence the timing of menopause.
Deciphering the Refined Musculature of the Brow Area in Asians by Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Sun Yixin , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Yixuan , Dong Ruijia , Yu Panxi , Tao Catharina , Ma Xuda , Jin Lin , Zhang Di , Huang Jiuzuo , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The brow area is an important aesthetic unit. Accurate anatomical understanding of the brow is important for clinical treatments related to this region. Due to the complexity of the brow area and limitations of methods, there are still some controversies regarding description of its musculature.

Objectives
In this article, we aimed to reveal the detailed brow musculature with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) combined with histological staining.

Methods
Eight fresh cadavers (16 hemifaces) were obtained. Eight hemifaces were processed with phosphotungstic acid contrast staining for micro-CT scanning and reconstruction. The corresponding other 8 hemifaces were prepared with Masson staining.

Results
The orbicularis oculi muscle, frontalis muscle (FM), depressor supercilii, and procerus muscle were situated superficially. The FM terminated and connected with its antagonistic muscles at 2 to 5 mm above the brow but the fusion line descended in the lateral third. The corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) originated from the periosteum, extending laterally and superficially. During its course, it mainly penetrated the FM. The CSM had broad subcutaneous insertion, covering about 77.9% ± 7.5% of the hairy brow. CSM fibers connected to the subcutaneous fiber septa to directly transmit contraction force. The soft tissue on the lateral side of the brow was looser than that on the medial side.

Conclusions
Our study deepens the understanding of the precise anatomy of the brow area and helps guide clinical practice.
A deep learning method to integrate extracelluar miRNA with mRNA for cancer studies
Authors: Athaya Tasbiraha , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Extracellular miRNAs (exmiRs) and intracellular mRNAs both can serve as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases. However, exmiR expression data is often noisy, and obtaining intracellular mRNA expression data usually involves intrusive procedures. To gain valuable insights into disease mechanisms, it is thus essential to improve the quality of exmiR expression data and develop noninvasive methods for assessing intracellular mRNA expression.

Results
We developed CrossPred, a deep-learning multi-encoder model for the cross-prediction of exmiRs and mRNAs. Utilizing contrastive learning, we created a shared embedding space to integrate exmiRs and mRNAs. This shared embedding was then used to predict intracellular mRNA expression from noisy exmiR data and to predict exmiR expression from intracellular mRNA data. We evaluated CrossPred on three types of cancers and assessed its effectiveness in predicting the expression levels of exmiRs and mRNAs. CrossPred outperformed the baseline encoder-decoder model, exmiR or mRNA-based models, and variational autoencoder models. Moreover, the integration of exmiR and mRNA data uncovered important exmiRs and mRNAs associated with cancer. Our study offers new insights into the bidirectional relationship between mRNAs and exmiRs.

Availability and implementation
The datasets and tool are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13891508.
Tuberculosis and Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Cohort Study Using United States and United Kingdom Health Records
Authors: Critchley Julia A , Limb Elizabeth S , Khakharia Anjali , Carey Iain M , Auld Sara C , De Wilde Stephen , Harris Tess , Phillips Lawrence S , Cook Derek G , Rhee Mary K , Chaudhry Umar A R , Bowen Liza , Magee Matthew J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Limited evidence suggests elevated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) disease, though studies have not adjusted for preexisting CVD risk. We carried out a cohort study using 2 separate datasets, estimating CVD incidence in people with TB versus those without.

Methods
Using data from the United States (Veterans Health Administration) and the United Kingdom (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) for 2000–2020, we matched adults with incident TB disease and no CVD history 2 years before TB diagnosis (US, n = 2121; UK, n = 15 820) with up to 10 people without TB on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity and healthcare practice. Participants were followed beginning 2 years before TB diagnosis and for 2 years subsequently. The acute period was defined as 3 months before/after TB diagnosis. TB, CVD, and covariates were identified from electronic routinely collected data (primary and secondary care; mortality). Poisson models estimated incident rate ratios for CVD events in people with TB compared to those without.

Results
CVD incidence was consistently higher in people with TB, including during the baseline period (pre-TB) and particularly in the acute period: incident rate ratios were US, 3.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.7–4.4), and UK, 2.7 (2.2–3.3). Rate ratios remained high after adjusting for differences in preexisting CVD risk: US, 3.2 (2.2–4.4); UK, 1.6 (1.2–2.1).

Conclusions
Increased CVD incidence was observed in people with TB versus those without, especially within months of TB diagnosis, persistent after adjustment for differences in preexisting risk. Enhancing CVD screening and risk management may improve long-term outcomes in people with TB.
A secure fault detection for digital microfluidic biochips
Authors: Ranjan Behera Rakesh , Gountia Debasis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among all the modern technological advances, digital microfluidic biochip has been extending a salient solution to healthcare and bio-laboratories with the pledge of high sensitivity and reconfigurability. Such biochip devices fulfill the requirement of a faster testing kit for the detection of different novel diseases, which is indispensable in the market due to the tremendously disrupted scenario of healthcare systems. To eliminate erroneous testing, the current scope of digital microfluidic biochips is widened as a viable testing method using various bioprotocols with a reduced cost in developing countries. This paper addresses the existing security challenges and operational faults in the identification mechanism of proteins such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein in state-of-the-art digital microfluidic biochips. We are the first to propose a safety detection solution along with a fault identification algorithm using an inductive transfer learning model. Experimental results of the proposed model register a threshold accuracy of 98% while applying the own dataset. This work will provide a better security-enabled fault-free safety assurance framework against attack and fault identification with better accuracy in digital microfluidic biochips for the detection of different diseases and many other healthcare diagnoses, without any overhead of completion time for bioprotocols.
Optimization of breeding program design through stochastic simulation with evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Hassanpour Azadeh , Geibel Johannes , Simianer Henner , Rohde Antje , Pook Torsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effective planning and allocation of resources in modern breeding programs is a complex task. Breeding program design and operational management have a major impact on the success of a breeding program and changing parameters such as the number of selected/phenotyped/genotyped individuals in the breeding program will impact genetic gain, genetic diversity, and costs. As a result, careful assessment and balancing of design parameters is crucial, taking into account the trade-offs between different breeding goals and associated costs. In a previous study, we optimized the resource allocation strategy in a dairy cattle breeding scheme via the combination of stochastic simulations and kernel regression, aiming to maximize a target function containing genetic gain and the inbreeding rate under a given budget. However, the high number of simulations required when using the proposed kernel regression method to optimize a breeding program with many parameters weakens the effectiveness of such a method. In this work, we are proposing an optimization framework that builds on the concepts of kernel regression but additionally makes use of an evolutionary algorithm to allow for a more effective and general optimization. The key idea is to consider a set of potential parameter settings of the breeding program, evaluate their performance based on stochastic simulations, and use these outputs to derive new parameter settings to test in an iterative procedure. The evolutionary algorithm was implemented in a Snakemake workflow management system to allow for efficient scaling on large distributed computing platforms. The algorithm achieved stabilization around the same optimum with a massively reduced number of simulations. Thereby, the incorporation of class variables and accounting for a higher number of parameters in the optimization framework leads to substantially reduced computing time and better scaling for the desired optimization of a breeding program.
A critical review of literature and a conceptual framework for organizing and researching urban health and community health services in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Santosh Sanjana , Kane Sumit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are rapidly urbanizing, and in response to this, there is an expansion in the body of scholarship and significant policy interest in urban healthcare provision. The idea and the reality of ‘urban advantage’ have meant that health research in LMICs has disproportionately focused on health and healthcare provision in rural contexts and is yet to sufficiently engage with urban health as actively. We contend that this research and practice can benefit from a more explicit engagement with the rich conceptual understandings that have emerged in other disciplines around the urban condition. Our critical review included publications from four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Citation Index) and two Community Health Worker (CHW) resource hubs. We draw upon scholarship anchored in sociology to unpack the nature and features of the urban condition; we use these theoretical insights to critically review the literature on urban community health worker programs as a case to reflect on community health practice and urban health research in LMIC contexts. Through this analysis, we delineate key features of the urban, such as heterogeneity, secondary spaces and ties, size and density, visibility and anonymity, precarious work and living conditions, crime, and insecurity, and specifically the social location of the urban CHWs and present their implications for community health practice. We propose a conceptual framework for a distinct imagination of the urban to guide health research and practice in urban health and community health programs in the LMIC context. The framework will enable researchers and practitioners to better engage with what entails a ‘community’ and a ‘community health program’ in urban contexts.
The whole-genome dissection of root system architecture provides new insights for the genetic improvement of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Jiang Xueqian , Zeng Xiangcui , Xu Ming , Li Mingna , Zhang Fan , He Fei , Yang Tianhui , Wang Chuan , Gao Ting , Long Ruicai , Yang Qingchuan , Kang Junmei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Appropriate root system architecture (RSA) can improve alfalfa yield, yet its genetic basis remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated six RSA traits in 171 alfalfa genotypes grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. We also analyzed five yield-related traits in normal and drought stress environments and found a significant correlation (0.50) between root dry weight (RDW) and alfalfa dry weight under normal conditions (N_DW). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 1 303 374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to explore the relationships between RSA traits. Sixty significant SNPs (−log10(P) ≥ 5) were identified, with genes within the 50 kb upstream and downstream ranges primarily enriched in GO terms related to root development, hormone synthesis, and signaling, as well as morphological development. Further analysis identified 19 high-confidence candidate genes, including AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LBD), and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX). We verified that the forage dry weight under both normal and drought conditions exhibited significant differences among materials with different numbers of favorable haplotypes. Alfalfa containing more favorable haplotypes exhibited higher forage yields, whereas favorable haplotypes were not subjected to human selection during alfalfa breeding. Genomic prediction (GP) utilized SNPs from GWAS and machine learning for each RSA trait, achieving prediction accuracies ranging from 0.70 for secondary root position (SRP) to 0.80 for root length (RL), indicating robust predictive capability across the assessed traits. These findings provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of root development in alfalfa, potentially informing future breeding strategies aimed at improving yield.