bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients switched from vitamin K antagonists: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hellfritzsch Maja , Adelborg Kasper , Damkier Per , Paaske Johnsen Søren , Hallas Jesper , Pottegård Anton , Grove Erik Lerkevang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA substantial proportion of atrial fibrillation patients initiating direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are vitamin K antagonists (VKA)‐experienced, for example switchers from VKA to DOAC. With this study, we aimed to summarize available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of DOAC vs VKA in real‐life VKA‐experienced atrial fibrillation patients. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library systematically for English‐language studies indexed any time before October 2018. We included studies of VKA‐experienced atrial fibrillation patients initiating DOAC therapy, with continued VKA therapy as comparator. Outcomes included arterial thromboembolism and bleeding. When appropriate, meta‐analysis was performed by calculating pooled, weighted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Eight cohort studies comparing VKA‐experienced DOAC (dabigatran or rivaroxaban) users with continued VKA users were included. When comparing DOAC to VKA, an increased risk of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction was found for dabigatran (pooled aHR of 1.61 [95% CI 1.19‐2.19, I2 = 65%] and 1.29 [95% CI 1.10‐1.52, I2 = 0%], respectively), but not for rivaroxaban. The use of dabigatran in VKA‐experienced users was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (pooled aHR 1.63 [95% CI 1.36‐1.94, I2 = 30%]), but a decreased risk of intracranial bleeding (pooled aHR 0.45 [95% CI 0.32‐0.64, I2 = 0%]). In conclusion, the use of dabigatran in prior VKA users in clinical practice was associated with a slightly increased risk of arterial thromboembolism and gastrointestinal bleeding, but a decreased risk of intracranial bleeding. Importantly, observational studies of real‐life VKA‐experienced oral anticoagulant users may be confounded by the reason for switching.
Association between genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 and susceptibility to methimazole‐induced liver injury
Authors: Jin Shasha , Li Xuesong , Fan Yujuan , Fan Xiaofang , Dai Yu , Lin Haishu , Cai Weimin , Yang Jialin , Xiang Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMethimazole (MMI) has been used in the therapy of Grave's disease (GD) since 1954, and drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most deleterious side effects. Genetic polymorphisms of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters have been associated with drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in many cases. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic susceptibility of the drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters to the MMI‐DILI. A total of 44 GD patients with MMI‐DILI and 118 GD patients without MMI‐DILI development were included in the study. Thirty‐three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in twenty candidate genes were genotyped. We found that rs12422149 of SLCO2B1, rs2032582_AT of ABCB1, rs2306283 of SLCO1B1 and rs4148323 of UGT1A1 exhibited a significant association with MMI‐DILI; however, no significant difference existed after Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of SLCO1B1*1a (388A521T) was significantly higher in MMI‐DILI cases than that in the control group (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.11‐4.39, P = 0.023), while the frequency of SLCO1B1*1b (388G521T) was significantly higher in the control group (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29‐0.93, P = 0.028). These results suggested that genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 were associated with susceptibility to MMI‐DILI. The genetic polymorphism of SLCO1B1 may be important predisposing factors for MMI‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Adrenoceptors—New roles for old players
Authors: Michel Martin C. , Bond Richard A. , Summers Roger J. 
Published: June 2019

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
The ecology and evolution of autotomy
Authors: Emberts Zachary , Escalante Ignacio , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAutotomy, the self‐induced loss of a body part, occurs throughout Animalia. A lizard dropping its tail to escape predation is an iconic example, however, autotomy occurs in a diversity of other organisms. Octopuses can release their arms, crabs can drop their claws, and bugs can amputate their legs. The diversity of organisms that can autotomize body parts has led to a wealth of research and several taxonomically focused reviews. These reviews have played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of autotomy within their respective groups. However, because of their taxonomic focus, these reviews are constrained in their ability to enhance our understanding of autotomy. Here, we aim to synthesize research on the ecology and evolution of autotomy throughout Animalia, building a unified framework on which future studies can expand. We found that the ability to drop an appendage has evolved multiple times throughout Animalia and that once autotomy has evolved, selection appears to act on the removable appendage to increase the efficacy and/or efficiency of autotomy. This could explain why some autotomizable body parts are so elaborate (e.g. brightly coloured). We also show that there are multiple benefits, and variable costs, associated with autotomy. Given this variation, we generate an economic theory of autotomy (modified from the economic theory of escape) which makes predictions about when an individual should resort to autotomy. Finally, we show that the loss of an autotomizable appendage can have numerous consequences on population and community dynamics. By taking this broad taxonomic approach, we identified patterns of autotomy that transcend specific lineages and highlight clear directions for future research.
Average area under the curve: An alternative method for quantifying the dental caries experience in longitudinal studies
Authors: Jordan Kelsey H. , Long D. Leann , Mcgwin Gerald , Childers Noel K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesField‐traditional decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs) increments require complete follow‐up, only using initial and final visits. Repeated dmfs scores complicate sophisticated statistical models, limiting their utility. Elsewhere, area under the curve (AUC) uses all repeated measures to summarize data. This study applied AUC methodology to caries data, creating average AUCs for dmfs trajectories (dmfsaAUC) and comparing increments and dmfsaAUC values.MethodsLongitudinal data were obtained from high‐caries risk (i.e. poor, rural, African American community in Perry County, Alabama) infants, 8 to 18 months at baseline. Baseline and five annual visual oral examinations provided dmfs scores. Differences in baseline and final dmfs scores constituted increments. The trapezoidal rule was applied to dmfs trajectories to calculate AUC values which were adjusted for varying follow‐up times, producing dmfsaAUC values. Participants sharing incremental or dmfsaAUC values had their trajectories and second caries measurements compared. Within‐participant increment and dmfsaAUC differences were evaluated (paired t test, α = 0.05). Comparative analyses required complete follow‐up.ResultsThe dmfsaAUC provided forty‐eight additional person‐years, increasing the potential sample size by 20% (N = 85). Sixty‐six children, 5.7 to 6.3 year‐olds at study’s end, contributed 121 331 person‐days to five‐year increment and dmfsaAUC calculations. Trajectories and dmfsaAUC values varied for participants with equivalent increments; comparable trajectories and different increments resulted from participants with similar dmfsaAUC values. Within‐participant disease amounts were similar.ConclusionsWhen desired, dmfsaAUC can replace increments as a more data‐inclusive summary of longitudinal caries burden, incorporating intermediate visits, incomplete follow‐up and time.
Pilot study on the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression among Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kikuchi Hiromi , Niino Masaaki , Hirotani Makoto , Miyazaki Yusei , Kikuchi Seiji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves the measures of depression and quality of life for Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis.MethodsSeven patients with multiple sclerosis received an eight‐session course of CBT. The session length was 60 min. The effects of CBT were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression, and the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis for quality of life. These instruments were administered pre‐, mid‐ and post‐CBT.ResultsCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores were significantly improved mid‐CBT. Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis total scores were also increased mid‐CBT as well as post‐CBT, albeit not significantly. Similarly, scores for three Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis subscales – symptoms, emotional well‐being and thinking/fatigue – were also improved, although not significantly, mid‐ and post‐CBT.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that CBT has the potential to alleviate depressive states for Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis.
PointCleanNet: Learning to Denoise and Remove Outliers from Dense Point Clouds
Authors: Rakotosaona Marie‐Julie , La Barbera Vittorio , Guerrero Paul , Mitra Niloy J. , Ovsjanikov Maks 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPoint clouds obtained with 3D scanners or by image‐based reconstruction techniques are often corrupted with significant amount of noise and outliers. Traditional methods for point cloud denoising largely rely on local surface fitting (e.g. jets or MLS surfaces), local or non‐local averaging or on statistical assumptions about the underlying noise model. In contrast, we develop a simple data‐driven method for removing outliers and reducing noise in unordered point clouds. We base our approach on a deep learning architecture adapted from PCPNet, which was recently proposed for estimating local 3D shape properties in point clouds. Our method first classifies and discards outlier samples, and then estimates correction vectors that project noisy points onto the original clean surfaces. The approach is efficient and robust to varying amounts of noise and outliers, while being able to handle large densely sampled point clouds. In our extensive evaluation, both on synthetic and real data, we show an increased robustness to strong noise levels compared to various state‐of‐the‐art methods, enabling accurate surface reconstruction from extremely noisy real data obtained by range scans. Finally, the simplicity and universality of our approach makes it very easy to integrate in any existing geometry processing pipeline. Both the code and pre‐trained networks can be found on the project page (https://github.com/mrakotosaon/pointcleannet).
Radiographic outcomes of transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation: One‐year results of a bi‐center, parallel‐arm randomized trial
Authors: Farina Roberto , Franceschetti Giovanni , Travaglini Domenico , Consolo Ugo , Minenna Luigi , Schincaglia Gian Pietro , Riccardi Orio , Bandieri Alberto , Maietti Elisa , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo comparatively evaluate the radiographic outcomes of transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation (tSFE and lSFE, respectively) when applied concomitantly with implant placement.Materials and methodsPatients with at least 1 edentulous site with residual bone height (RBH) of 3–6 mm were enrolled in a bi‐center, parallel‐arm, randomized trial. Both tSFE and lSFE were associated with a bovine‐derived xenograft, and implants were inserted concomitantly. In lSFE group, the antrostomy was covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Marginal bone loss and the maturation of the grafted area were evaluated on periapical radiographs at 6 and 12 months. Twelve‐month CT/CBCT was used to assess the effect of grafting procedures circumferentially around the implant. A per‐protocol analysis was performed.ResultsThe per‐protocol study population consisted of 26 patients in the tSFE group and 28 patients in the lSFE group. At 12 months, the median proportion of the implant surface in contact with the peri‐implant radiopaque area was 100% in both groups, with no significant inter‐group difference. Suboptimal bone‐to‐implant contact was observed in 13% and 3.6% of tSFE and lSFE cases, respectively. In both groups, marginal bone loss was minimal (≤1 mm) and infrequent, and the radiographic aspect was suggestive of an advanced stage of maturation.ConclusionsAt sites with RBH of 3–6 mm where implants are placed concomitantly with sinus floor elevation, tSFE and lSFE are both highly predictable in obtaining an implant surface completely embedded in a radiopaque area at 12 months post‐surgery. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02415946).
High abdominal adiposity and low phase angle in overweight renal transplant recipients
Authors: Ferreira Thaís da Silva , Barreto Silva Maria Inês , da Costa Mariana Silva , Pontes Karine Scanci da Silva , Castro Flavia Garcia , Antunes Vanessa Parada , Rosina Kelli Trindade de Carvalho , Menna Barreto Ana Paula Medeiros , Souza Edison , Klein Márcia Regina Simas Torres 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Body mass index (BMI) is the most used parameter for obesity screening. However, the evaluation of CVD risk in overweight individuals should include the assessment of body fat distribution and body composition. Renal transplant recipients (RTR) have a high CVD risk and frequently present weight gain and loss of lean mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate body fat distribution and body composition in overweight RTR. This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 86 RTR and 86 hypertensive individuals (comparison group, CG) presenting BMI 25‐35 Kg/m2 and 45‐70 years. Anthropometric evaluation included BMI, waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio, and a body shape index. Body composition was evaluated with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) by CKD‐EPI equation. RTR group (RTRG) and CG presented similar age and BMI. RTRG when compared to CG presented lower percentage of women and eGFR; higher central adiposity; and lower values of reactance, intracellular water, body cell mass and phase angle, more consistently observed in women. This study suggests that overweight RTR present higher abdominal adiposity and impairment in BIA parameters that are sensitive indicators of impaired membrane integrity, water distribution, and body cell mass.
Zink und Haut: ein Update
Authors: Glutsch Valerie , Hamm Henning , Goebeler Matthias 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Spurenelement Zink (Zn) spielt eine zentrale Rolle für die Entwicklung, die Differenzierung und das Wachstum vieler Gewebe des menschlichen Körpers. Für die Regulation der Zinkhomöostase sind zwei Zinktransporterfamilien (solute‐linked carrier families; SLC) maßgeblich verantwortlich. Störungen im Zinkstoffwechsel können Erkrankungen hervorrufen, die sich in charakteristischer Weise an der Haut manifestieren. Eine Mutation in einem für den ZIP4‐Zinktransporter kodierenden Gen ist ursächlich für die Acrodermatitis enteropathica, eine autosomal‐rezessiv vererbte Zinkmangelerkrankung. Betroffene Säuglinge entwickeln durch intestinale Malabsorption von Zink typischerweise kurz nach dem Abstillen erste klinische Symptome. Erworbener Zinkmangel ist eine zwar seltene, jedoch unterdiagnostizierte Erkrankung mit vielfältiger Ätiologie und variabler klinischer Ausprägung. Abhängig vom Alter der Patienten kommen zahlreiche Ursachen in Betracht. Aufgrund der charakteristischen periorifiziell und akral lokalisierten Effloreszenzen wird die Verdachtsdiagnose meist von Dermatologen gestellt und kann durch die laborchemische Bestimmung des Zinkspiegels und – ergänzend – zinkabhängiger Enzyme wie der alkalischen Phosphatase bestätigt werden. Unter oraler Zinksubstitution heilen die Hautveränderungen meist innerhalb weniger Tage ab. Abhängig von der Ursache der Erkrankung sollte die Therapie in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit Pädiatern und Gastroenterologen erfolgen, um eine optimale Versorgung der betroffenen Patienten zu gewährleisten.
Gute Verträglichkeit und Wirkung der topischen Skabiestherapie mit Permethrin bei Kindern unter zwei Monaten
Authors: Hoffmann Johanna Charlotte , Mößner Rotraut , Schön Michael Peter , Lippert Undine 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleBei Skabies im Kindesalter ist ein adäquates Management unverzichtbar, um einer verlängerten Krankheitsdauer vorzubeugen und die weitere Ausbreitung der Erkrankung zu verhindern. Noch fehlen die Daten, die die topische Anwendung von Permethrin 5 % bei Säuglingen unter zwei Monaten unterstützen; die Anwendung in dieser Altersgruppe ist daher ein Off‐Label‐Use.Patienten und MethodikUm Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der topischen Therapie mit Permethrin‐Creme in dieser Altersgruppe zu untersuchen, ermittelten wir an Skabies erkrankte Säuglinge, die jünger als zwei Monate waren. Die Diagnosestellung der Skabies erfolgte aufgrund der charakteristischen Symptomatik und der pathognomischen Befunde in der Dermatoskopie. Wir untersuchten die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der angewendeten Therapien.ErgebnisseSieben Skabies‐Patienten unter zwei Monaten wurden mit Permethrin‐Creme 5 % behandelt. Bei vier Patienten wurde die topische Therapie aufgrund einer unvollständigen Remission oder dem Wiederauftreten der Hautveränderungen bis zu dreimal wiederholt.SchlussfolgerungenDie Permethrin‐Therapie wurde von allen sieben Säuglingen gut vertragen, auch bei mehrmaliger Anwendung. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die Anwendung von Permethrin‐Creme 5 % bei Säuglingen unter zwei Monaten sicher ist.
Extragenital cutaneous warts – clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Abeck Dietrich , Tetsch Larissa , Lüftl Matthias , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: June 2019

SummaryExtragenital cutaneous warts are benign epidermal tumors caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and a frequent reason for patients to consult a dermatologist. Depending on wart type and site involved, the clinical presentation is highly varied. Given that warts represent a self‐limiting condition, a wait‐and‐see approach may be justified. However, treatment is always indicated if the lesions become painful or give rise to psychological discomfort. Factors to be considered in this context include subjective disease burden, patient age, site affected, as well as the number and duration of lesions. Destructive treatment methods involve chemical or physical removal of diseased tissue. Nondestructive methods consist of antimitotic and antiviral agents aimed at inhibiting viral proliferation in keratinocytes. Some of the various immunotherapies available not only have localized but also systemic effects and are thus able to induce remission of warts located at any distance from the injection site. Especially patients with warts at multiple sites benefit from this form of treatment. Intralesional immunotherapy using the mumps‐measles‐rubella (MMR) vaccine is a particularly promising option for the treatment of recalcitrant warts in adult patients. For children, on the other hand, HPV vaccination is a novel and promising approach, even though it has not been approved for the treatment of cutaneous warts. At present, there is no universally effective treatment available. Moreover, many frequently employed therapies are currently not supported by conclusive clinical trials.
Cultural considerations in forgoing enteral feeding: A comparison between the Hong Kong Chinese, North American, and Malaysian Islamic patients with advanced dementia at the end‐of‐life
Authors: Ngan Olivia M.Y. , Bergstresser Sara M. , Sanip Suhaila , Emdadul Haque A.T.M. , Chan Helen Y.L. , Au Derrick K.S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCultural competence, a clinical skill to recognise patients' cultural and religious beliefs, is an integral element in patient‐centred medical practice. In the area of death and dying, physicians' understanding of patients' and families' values is essential for the delivery of culturally appropriate care. Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the decline of cognitive functions. When the condition progresses and deteriorates, patients with advanced dementia often have eating and swallowing problems and are at high risk of developing malnutrition. Enteral tube feeding is a conventional means of providing artificial nutrition and hydration to meet nutritional needs, but its benefits to the frail population are limitedly shown in the clinical evidence. Forgoing tube feeding is ethically challenging when patients are mentally incompetent and in the absence of an advance directive. Unlike some developed countries, like the United States of America, death and dying is a sensitive issue or even a taboo in some cultures in developing countries that forgoing enteral tube feeding is clinically and ethically challenging, such as China and Malaysia. This article in three parts 1) discusses the clinical and ethical issues related to forgoing tube feeding among patients with advanced dementia, 2) describes how Hong Kong Chinese, North American, and Malaysian Islamic cultures respond differently in the decision‐making patterns of forgoing tube feeding for patients with advanced dementia, and 3) reiterates the clinical implications of cultural competence in end‐of‐life care.
Hypozincemia is associated with human hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis C virus‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Shigefuku Ryuta , Iwasa Motoh , Katayama Kazuhiro , Eguchi Akiko , Kawaguchi Takumi , Shiraishi Koichi , Ito Toshifumi , Suzuki Kazutomo , Koreeda Chizu , Ohtake Takaaki , Tokumoto Yoshio , Endo Ryujin , Kawamura Naohiro , Shiraki Makoto , Habu Daiki , Sakai Hironori , Kato Akinobu , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Moriwaki Hisataka , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2019

AimHypozincemia is associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, but it is unknown whether hypozincemia promotes human hepatocarcinogenesis. Our aim is to evaluate the serum zinc levels in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and clarify the relationship between the serum zinc levels and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsCirrhotic patients without HCC (n = 299) were enrolled from 14 medical institutes in Japan as a multicenter prospective study (No. 2028). Of the 299 patients, 157 were included in the present study based on reliable and consistent serum zinc levels and no history of oral zinc supplementation. Clinical parameters associated with the development of HCC were determined. Furthermore, the cumulative incidence of HCC was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and was calculated using the log–rank test. A Cox regression analysis was utilized for the multivariate analysis to evaluate the predictors of hepatocarcinogenesis.ResultsThirty of 157 patients (19.1%) developed HCC during an observation period of 3 years. Serum zinc levels were significantly decreased in hepatitis C virus‐related LC (C‐LC) patients with HCC (0.0180). The risk factors for incidence of HCC were hypozincemia (0.0014), high α‐fetoprotein (0.0080), low branched chain amino acids‐to‐tyrosine ratio (0.0128), or female sex (0.0228). Hypozincemia (hazard ratio 1.61, 0.0324) was the only significant predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis by multivariate Cox regression analysis.ConclusionsHypozincemia is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in C‐LC patients.