bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of point‐of‐care capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations in hospitalized neonatal foals
Authors: Dias Moreira Ana Sofia , Weng Hsin‐Yi , Hostnik Laura D. , Beasley Erin M. , Peek Simon F. , Munsterman Amelia S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare glucose measurements from capillary and venous blood samples using a point‐of‐care (POC) glucometer with a standard laboratory (colorimetric, glucose oxidase) assay (LABGLU) in a population of hospitalized, neonatal foals.DesignMulticenter, prospective, experimental study, conducted between March 2019 and June 2020.SettingFour university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral hospital.AnimalsFifty‐four hospitalized neonatal (≤30 days of age) foals.InterventionsSimultaneous capillary (muzzle, POCMUZ) and venous (jugular, POCJUG) blood samples were obtained to determine POC glucose concentrations. Venous samples were also analyzed by LABGLU. Each foal was sampled at the time of enrollment or admission to the hospital and at 1 subsequent point during hospitalization. Indirect mean arterial pressure and hematocrit were concurrently recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsBland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias (95% limits of agreement) of −28.0 (−88.6 to 32.6) mg/dL for comparison of POCJUG with LABGLU, −8.2 (−94.3 to 78.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and LABGLU, and 18.8 (−44.4 to 82.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and POCJUG. A total of 63.5% of the POCJUG and 45.2% of the POCMUZ samples exceeded the reference value by ±15 mg/dL (for LABGLU samples <75 mg/dL) or ±15% (for LABGLU samples ≥75mg/dL). Concordance correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) indicated a fair agreement between POCJUG and LABGLU (0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.82) and between POCMUZ and LABGLU (0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.80). Fifty percent (14/28) of hypoglycemic foals on the reference method were incorrectly classified as euglycemic by POCJUG, and 5 of 28 were incorrectly classified by POCMUZ.ConclusionsIn the sampled population, the chosen POC glucometer lacked agreement with the standard laboratory measurement. Limits of agreement were wide for both POCJUG and POCMUZ. Inaccuracies in POC results could impact decision‐making in the clinical management of glycemic control in hospitalized neonatal foals and, importantly, increase the risk of hypoglycemic events being underdiagnosed in critical patients.
Bioelectronic block of stellate ganglia mitigates pacing‐induced heterogeneous release of catecholamine and neuropeptide Y in the infarcted pig heart
Authors: Vrabec Tina , Bender Shane , Chan Shyue‐An , Cha Steven , Haridas Sahil , Hanna Peter , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Smith Corey , Ardell Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system modulates cardiac contractile and electrophysiological function and contributes to adverse remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI). Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), directed at the sympathetic chain, blocks efferent sympathetic outflow to the heart and is a strategy to transiently and controllably mitigate chronic MI‐associated sympatho‐excitation. In porcine models, we evaluated scalable AMT, directed at the paravertebral chain, in blocking reflex‐mediated pacing‐induced sympatho‐excitation post‐MI. The level of sympatho‐excitation was assessed by dynamic interstitial measurement of noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In anaesthetized normal (n = 5) and age‐matched pigs 6 weeks post‐MI induction (n = 10), we electrically stimulated the right sympathetic chain and determined levels of direct current block applied at the T1–T2 level sufficient to reduce the evoked changes in heart rate and/or contractility by 25–75%. Reflex‐mediated neural release of NA and NPY into the interstitial space during programmed pacing (PP) was assessed using fast‐scanning cyclic voltammetry and capacitive immunoprobes. Normal animals demonstrated homogeneous NA and NPY release profiles during PP. In contrast, for MI animals PP evoked differential NA and NPY release in remote and MI border zones of the left ventricle. Right‐sided AMT mitigated NA and NPY pacing‐induced release in the remote left ventricle with a positive correlation to increasing AMT levels. Pacing‐induced NA and NPY release in the MI border zone was not mitigated by AMT. Differential effects of AMT on NA and NPY may underlie the anti‐arrhythmic effects of partial stellate ganglion block in the setting of chronic MI.
imageKey points
Programmed cardiac pacing evokes homogeneous noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release in equivalent areas (e.g. medial and lateral aspects) of the normal left ventricle.
Programmed cardiac pacing evokes differential NA and NPY release in remote and border zones of the infarcted left ventricle.
Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), using a graded direct current block applied to the stellate ganglia, can proportionally modulate cardiac sympathetic reflexes.
Unilateral AMT mitigates NA and NPY release in remote left ventricular tissue, with release negatively correlated to increasing AMT levels.
Heterogeneities in NA and NPY between the border and remote tissues are reduced by progressive AMT.
Comparing Multiple Approaches to Estimate Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in Pregnancy
Authors: Gallagher Jacob B. , Boonstra Daniel E. , Borrowman Jaclyn D. , Unke McKenzie , Jones Melissa A. , Kline Christopher E. , Barone Gibbs Bethany , Whitaker Kara M. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of 24-hr activity using the best practice of a thigh accelerometer (activPAL), wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch), and a sleep diary (PAL + watch + diary) with estimates from simpler procedures, such as the thigh accelerometer and diary (PAL + diary) or thigh monitor alone (PAL only) during pregnancy. Methods: Data collected during the second trimester from 40 randomly selected participants in the Pregnancy 24/7 cohort study were included. activPAL data were integrated with sleep time determined by wrist actigraphy (PAL + watch + diary) or diary-determined sleep (PAL + diary). In the PAL only analysis, average estimates were exported directly from the PAL software. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and intraclass correlations coefficients compared moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, and wear time across measurement approaches. Pairwise comparisons using a Bonferroni correction explored significant differences identified from the omnibus analysis of variance. Results: The three approaches arrived at consistent durations of physical activity (intraclass correlations coefficients > .95) but not for estimating sedentary behavior and sleep durations (intraclass correlations coefficients: .73–.82). PAL + diary overestimated MVPA by 2.3 min/day (p < .01) compared with PAL + diary + watch. PAL only overestimated sleep (25.3–29.0 min/day, p < .01) while underestimating MVPA (11.7–14.0 min/day, p < .01) compared with the other approaches. Conclusions: Since the inclusion of the wrist actigraphy provided only slight differences in MVPA estimates, PAL + diary may provide acceptable estimates of 24-hr activity during pregnancy in future research. PAL only may be acceptable when exclusively interested in physical activity.
Work-related impacts on doctors’ mental health: a qualitative study exploring organisational and systems-level risk factors
Authors: Lunnay Belinda , Foley Kristen , Lawn Sharon , Baigent Michael , Weightman Alison , Lawrence Diana , Drummond Virginia , Baker Mandi , Ward Paul R 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundProtecting doctors’ mental health has typically focused on individuals, rather than addressing organisational and structural-level factors in the work environment.ObjectivesThis study uses the socioecological model (SEM) to illuminate and explore how these broader factors inform the mental health of individual doctors.DesignSemi-structured interviews (20–25 hours) and ethnographic observations (90 hours) involving work shadowing doctors (n=14).ParticipantsDoctors representing various career stages, specialty areas, genders and cultural backgrounds.SettingThree specialties in a public South Australian hospital. Thematic analysis revealed work-related risk factors for poor mental health.ResultsThe SEM framework was used to analyse the work environment’s impact on doctors’ mental health. The analysis identified how the layers interconnect to influence risk factors for individual doctors.Microsystem: lack of control over career advancement, disenfranchisement due to understaffing and concerns about handling complex cases relative to experience.Mesosystem: negative impacts of shift work and fragmented teams, leading doctors to absorb pressure despite exhaustion to maintain professional credibility.Exosystem: high patient loads with time constraints and geographical limitations hindering care delivery, compounded by administrative burdens.Macrosystem: the commercialisation of medicine emphasising corporatisation and bureaucratic processes, which devalues professional autonomy.ConclusionsThis study highlights how doctors experience layers of interconnected factors that compromise their mental health but over which they have very little control. Interventions must therefore address these issues at organisational and systemic levels, for which starting points evident within our data are identified.
Emergence of cosmic space and horizon thermodynamics in the context of the quantum-deformed entropy
Authors: Chen Jianming , Chen Gerui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccording to the quantum deformation approach to quantum gravity, the thermodynamical entropy of a quantum-deformed (q-deformed) black hole with horizon area A established by Jalalzadeh is expressed as $$S = \pi \sin \left( \frac{A}{8G\mathcal {N}} \right) /\sin \left( \frac{\pi }{2\mathcal {N}}\right) $$

S
=
π
sin

A

8
G
N

/
sin

π

2
N

, where $$\mathcal {N}=L_q^2/L_{p}^2$$

N
=

L
q
2

/

L

p

2

is the q-deformation parameter, $$L_{p}$$

L
p

denotes the Planck length, and $$L_q$$

L
q

denotes the quantum-deformed cosmic apparent horizon distance. In this paper, assuming that the q-deformed entropy is associated with the apparent horizon of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe, we derive the modified Friedmann equation from the unified first law of thermodynamics, $$ dE = TdS + WdV $$

d
E
=
T
d
S
+
W
d
V

. And this one obtained is in line with the modified Friedmann equation derived from the law of emergence proposed by Padmanabhan. It clearly shows the connection between the law of emergence and thermodynamics. We further investigate the constraints of entropy maximization in the framework of the q-deformed horizon entropy, and the results demonstrate the consistency of the law of emergence with the maximization of the q-deformed horizon entropy.
Detecting a gravitational wave background from inflation with null energy condition violation: prospects for Taiji
Authors: Chen Zu-Cheng , Liu Lang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe null energy condition (NEC) is a fundamental principle in general relativity, and its violation could leave discernible signatures in gravitational waves (GWs). A violation of the NEC during the primordial era would imprint a blue-tilted spectrum on the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nanohertz frequencies, potentially accounting for the recently detected signal by pulsar timing arrays. Remarkably, models of NEC violation during inflation also predict a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum in the millihertz frequency range, which could be detectable by upcoming space-based GW detectors such as Taiji. The observation of this distinctive spectrum would provide compelling evidence for new physics beyond the standard cosmological paradigm. In this study, we explore Taiji’s ability to detect an SGWB arising from NEC violation during inflation, considering various foregrounds and noise sources, including an extragalactic foreground from binary black hole mergers throughout the Universe, a galactic foreground from white dwarf binaries, and the intrinsic noise of the Taiji detector. Employing comprehensive Bayesian parameter estimation techniques to analyze simulated Taiji data, we demonstrate a remarkable improvement in precision of three orders of magnitude compared to the NANOGrav 15-year data set for measuring the tensor power spectrum amplitude, $$P_{T,2}$$

P

T
,
2

, during the second inflationary stage. This substantial enhancement in measurement capabilities underscores Taiji’s potential as a powerful probe for investigating the NEC violation in the early Universe.
Solving Inverse PDE Problems using Grid-Free Monte Carlo Estimators
Authors: Yilmazer Ekrem Fatih , Vicini Delio , Jakob Wenzel 
Published: November 2024

Partial differential equations can model diverse physical phenomena including heat diffusion, incompressible flows, and electrostatic potentials. Given a description of an object's boundary and interior, traditional methods solve such PDEs by densely meshing the interior and then solving a large and sparse linear system derived from this mesh. Recent grid-free solvers take an alternative approach and avoid this complexity in exchange for randomness: they compute stochastic solution estimates and generally bear a striking resemblance to physically-based rendering algorithms.
In this article, we develop algorithms targeting the inverse form of this problem: given an already existing solution of a PDE, we infer parameters characterizing the boundary and interior. In the grid-free setting, there are again significant connections to rendering, and we show how insights from both fields can be combined to compute unbiased derivative estimates that enable gradient-based optimization. In this process, we encounter new challenges that must be addressed to obtain practical solutions. We introduce acceleration and variance reduction strategies and show how to differentiate branching random walks in reverse mode.
We finally demonstrate our approach on both simulated data and a real-world electrical impedance tomography experiment, where we reconstruct the position of a conducting object from voltage measurements taken in a saline-filled tank.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Co‐Occurring Moderate‐to‐Severe Anxiety Symptoms in First‐Episode and Drug Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: November 2024

Background: Moderate‐to‐severe anxiety symptoms are severe and common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and have a significant impact on MDD patients and their families. The main objective of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for moderate‐to‐severe anxiety in MDD patients to make the detection more accurate and effective.Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey and tested biochemical indicators in 1718 first‐episode and drug naïve (FEDN) patients with MDD. Using machine learning, we developed a risk prediction model for moderate‐to‐severe anxiety in these FEDN patients with MDD.Results: Four predictors were identified from a total of 21 variables studied by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, namely psychotic symptoms, suicide attempts, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) total score. The model built from the four predictors showed good predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.903 for the training set and 0.896 for the validation set. The decision curve analysis (DCA) curve indicated that the nomogram could be applied to clinical practice if the risk thresholds were between 13% and 40%. In the external validation, the risk threshold was between 14% and 40%.Conclusion: The inclusion of psychotic symptoms, suicide attempts, TSH, and HAMD in the risk nomogram may improve its utility in identifying patients with MDD at risk of moderate‐to‐severe anxiety. It may be helpful in clinical decision‐making or for conferring with patients, especially in risk‐based interventions.
Analysis of Shared Variants between Cancer Biospecimens
Authors: Foote Michael B. , White James Robert , Chatila Walid K. , Argilés Guillem , Lu Steve , Rousseau Benoit , Artz Oliver , Johannet Paul , Walch Henry , Patel Mitesh , Lamendola-Essel Michelle F. , Casadevall David , Abdelfattah Somer , Patel Shrey , Yaeger Rona , Cercek Andrea , Montagut Clara , Berger Michael , Schultz Nikolaus , Diaz Luis A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Mutational data from multiple solid and liquid biospecimens of a single patient are often integrated to track cancer evolution. However, there is no accepted framework to resolve if individual samples from the same individual share variants due to common identity versus coincidence.

Experimental Design:
Utilizing 8,000 patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas across 33 cancer types, we estimated the background rates of co-occurrence of mutations between discrete pairs of samples across cancers and by cancer type. We developed a mutational profile similarity (MPS) score that uses a large background database to produce confidence estimates that two tumors share a unique, related molecular profile. The MPS algorithm was applied to randomly paired tumor profiles, including patients who underwent repeat solid tumor biopsies sequenced with Memorial Sloan Kettering-IMPACT (n = 53,113). We also evaluated the MPS in sample pairs from single patients with multiple cancers (n = 2,012), as well as patients with plasma and solid tumor variant profiles (n = 884 patients).

Results:
In unrelated tumors, nucleotide-specific variants are shared in 1.3% (cancer-type agnostic) and in 10% to 13% (cancer-type specific) of cases. The MPS method contextualized shared variants to specify whether patients had a single cancer versus multiple distinct cancers. When multiple tumors were compared from the same patient and an initial clinicopathologic diagnosis was discordant with molecular findings, the MPS anticipated future diagnosis changes in 28% of examined cases.

Conclusions:
The use of a novel shared variant framework can provide information to clarify the molecular relationship between compared biospecimens with minimal required input.
PKN2 Is a Dependency of the Mesenchymal-like Cancer Cell State
Authors: Killarney Shane T. , Mesa Gabriel , Washart Rachel , Mayro Benjamin , Dillon Kerry , Wardell Suzanne E. , Newlin Madeline , Lu Min , Abu Rmaileh Areej , Liu Nicky , McDonnell Donald P. , Pendergast Ann Marie , Wood Kris C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cancer cells exploit a mesenchymal-like transcriptional state (MLS) to survive drug treatments. Although the MLS is well characterized, few therapeutic vulnerabilities targeting this program have been identified. In this study, we systematically identify the dependency network of mesenchymal-like cancers through an analysis of gene essentiality scores in ∼800 cancer cell lines, nominating a poorly studied kinase, PKN2, as a top therapeutic target of the MLS. Coessentiality relationships, biochemical experiments, and genomic analyses of patient tumors revealed that PKN2 promotes mesenchymal-like cancer growth through a PKN2−SAV1−TAZ signaling mechanism. Notably, pairing genetic PKN2 inhibition with clinically relevant targeted therapies against EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF suppresses drug resistance by depleting mesenchymal-like drug-tolerant persister cells. These findings provide evidence that PKN2 is a core regulator of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and highlight the potential of PKN2 inhibition as a generalizable therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance driven by the MLS across cancer contexts.

Significance:
This work identifies PKN2 as a core member of the Hippo signaling pathway, and its inhibition blocks YAP/TAZ-driven tumorigenesis. Furthermore, this study discovers PKN2−TAZ as arguably the most selective dependency of mesenchymal-like cancers and supports specific inhibition of PKN2 as a provocative strategy to overcome drug resistance in diverse cancer contexts.
Priestly Warfare and the Battle of Jericho
Authors: Feldman Liane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While the identification of priestly materials in the book of Joshua is a common part of scholarship at this point, the battle of Jericho in Josh 6 is one text that has not typically been identified as containing priestly elements. In the first part of this article, I argue that the representation of warfare in Josh 6 is constructed around three distinctly priestly elements: its ideology of ḥērem, use of trumpets, and description of the Israelite battle order. In the second part of this article, I explore the implications of this identification across three different compositional models: the Neo-documentary hypothesis, the DtrL hypothesis, and the model of a late priestly (or post-priestly) redaction of the Deuteronomistic History.
Hemicycliophora potteri n. sp. (Tylenchida: Hemicycliophoridae) infesting highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Yu Qing , Akanwari Jerry , Rashedul Islam Md , Sultana Tahera 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Highbush blueberry is a blueberry species native to North America and is a food crop of significant economic importance for Canada. Plant-parasitic nematodes are known to infest this crop. Species of Hemicycliophora, commonly known as sheath nematodes, are obligatory plant-parasites, and some cause diseases on a wide range of crops. A population of Hemicycliophora of high number was found in highbush blueberry fields in Norfolk and Middlesex counties of southwestern Ontario. Following through morphological and molecular studies, this population was determined a new species as Hemicycliophora potteri n. sp. This species is characterised by its outer sheath adpressed fitting to the body, lateral fields with diagonal connections of transverse striae, amphid apertures covered by lateral plates, lip region slightly set-off with four annuli; excretory pore anterior to the base of the pharynx, stylet knob cavity moderate, vulva lips modified, tail tapering gradually and more abruptly towards the last one-third, and no males were found. Molecularly, the 18S, and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences are most similar to those of H. thienemanni, H. similis, H. gracilis, and a few unidentified species. A dichotomous key for the diagnostic of the species of Hemicycliophora in Canada was presented. To the best of our knowledge, Hemicycliophora potteri n. sp. is the first recorded species of the genus to be named and fully described from highbush blueberry.
Making Military Interventions Obsolete: Crafting r2p’s Peaceful Future through Principled Negotiation Strategies
Authors: Tauchnitz Evelyne A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is a growing literature about the international community’s ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (r2p) vulnerable populations against mass atrocities, but more is needed to demonstrate the potential of principled negotiation strategies to improve the quality of r2p outcomes. Proponents of the r2p principle base their arguments on the primacy of protecting human life against mass atrocities. Opponents claim national state sovereignty and non-intervention norms must be upheld. This norm contestation often leads to a situation where r2p is either not implemented or military interventions are conducted as a last resort. From an ethical and human rights perspective, both extremes are suboptimal to prevent and reduce human suffering. This article argues that to avoid both extremes, more effective negotiation strategies are needed. An analytical framework is offered that can guide policymakers in their quest to protect human life with peaceful and humanitarian means focusing on prevention under already existing r2p mechanisms.