bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered gray matter volume in sensorimotor and thalamic regions associated with pain in localized provoked vulvodynia: a voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Bhatt Ravi R. , Gupta Arpana , Rapkin Andrea , Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Hamadani Kareem , Pazmany Els , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Stains Jean , Aerts Leen , Enzlin Paul , Tillisch Kirsten , Mayer Emeran A. , Labus Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging studies provide support for a role of alterations in sensory processing circuits and endogenous pain modulatory systems in provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). In this study, we tested the hypotheses that PVD compared with healthy controls (HCs) would demonstrate gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in regions associated with sensorimotor, corticothalamic, and basal ganglia circuits. We also tested the replicability of previously reported gray matter increases in basal ganglia and hippocampal volumes in PVD vs HCs. In addition, disease specificity of GMV alterations were examined by comparing PVD with another chronic pain disorder. Finally, we examine whether GMV alterations are correlated with symptom measures. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 119 premenopausal women (45 PVD, 45 HCs, and 29 irritable bowel syndrome [IBS]). A voxel-based morphometry analysis was applied to determine group differences in the hypothesized regions of interest. Compared with HCs, PVD women exhibited greater GMV in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and sensorimotor cortices. Compared to patients with IBS, women with PVD had greater GMV in the hippocampus, and sensorimotor network, but lower GMV in the thalamus and precentral gyrus. Regional GMV alterations were associated with patient reports of pain during intercourse and muscle tenderness. The current findings provide further evidence that GMV is increased in PVD compared with HCs in several regions of the sensorimotor network and the hippocampus in patients with PVD. In addition, GMV distinct alterations in the sensorimotor network were identified between 2 pelvic pain disorders, PVD compared with IBS.
A deeper look at pain variability and its relationship with the placebo response: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of naproxen in osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Treister Roi , Honigman Liat , Lawal Oluwadolapo D. , Lanier Ryan K. , Katz Nathaniel P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have shown a robust correlation between variability of clinical pain scores and responsiveness to placebo (but not active drug) in pain studies, but explanations for these relationships are lacking. We investigated this further by assessing relationship between the Focused Analgesia Selection Test (FAST), a psychophysical method that quantifies pain reporting variability in response to experimental stimuli, variability of daily clinical pain scores as captured using diary, and response to treatment in the context of a randomized controlled crossover trial of naproxen vs placebo in knee osteoarthritis. Evoked pain using the Staircase-Evoked Pain Procedure served as the primary efficacy endpoint. Variability of daily pain scores and the FAST were assessed at baseline. Fifty-five subjects completed the study and were included in the analyses. Our results indicated a statistically significant, moderate linear relationship between variability of clinical and experimental pain reports (r = −0.416, P = 0.004). Both correlated with the placebo response (r = 0.393, P = 0.004; r =−0.371, P = 0.009; respectively), but only the FAST predicted the treatment difference between naproxen and placebo, as demonstrated both in a regression model (P = 0.002, Beta = 0.456, t = 3.342) and in a receiver operating characteristic curve (0.721) analysis. Our results extend previous findings to include a correlation between experimental pain variability and the placebo response and suggest that experimental pain variability is a better predictor of patients who respond preferentially to drug over placebo. A theoretical model unifying these observations is proposed, and practical implications are discussed.
Winning strategies for full access to care
Authors: Quinn Winifred V. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The Center to Champion Nursing in America and the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action envision everyone in America can live a healthier life, supported by nurses as essential partners in providing care and promoting health equity and well-being. This column describes the history of partnerships created in support of these efforts and strategies learned through grassroots efforts. The discussion offers an example of how one person's experiences and education led her to positions in support of actions designed to promote healthier life by all and practical strategies everyone can use in support of the goal of promoting care, health equity, and well-being for all Americans.
Sex differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: an individual participant data pooled analysis (StoP Project)
Authors: Ferro Ana , Morais Samantha , Pelucchi Claudio , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Martín Vicente , López-Carrillo Lizbeth , Malekzadeh Reza , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hamada Gerson S. , Hidaka Akihisa , Hernández-Ramírez Raul U. , López-Cervantes Malaquias , Zaridze David , Maximovitch Dmitry , Pourfarzi Farhad , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Yu Guo-Pei , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , Ye Weimin , Plymoth Amelie , Leja Marcis , Gasenko Evita , Derakhshan Mohammad H. , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Peleteiro Bárbara , Lunet Nuno 
Published: March 2019

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is more frequent among men, though the magnitude of the association might be inaccurate due to potential misclassification of lifetime infection and publication bias. Moreover, infection is common, and most studies are cross-sectional. Thus, prevalence ratios (PRs) may be easier to interpret than odds ratios (ORs).

Aim
The aim of this study was to quantify the association between sex and H. pylori infection using controls from 14 studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.

Participants and methods

H. pylori infection was defined based on IgG serum antibody titers or multiplex serology. Participants were also classified as infected if gastric atrophy was present, based on histological examination or serum pepsinogen (PG) levels (PG I≤70 and PG I/II ratio≤3). Summary ORs and PRs, adjusted for age, social class and smoking, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated through random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Men had significantly higher OR (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.70) and PR (PR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10) of infection, with stronger associations among hospital-based or older controls. Results were similar when considering the presence of gastric atrophy to define infection status, particularly among participants older than 65 years.

Conclusion
This collaborative pooled-analysis supports an independent effect of sex on the prevalence of H. pylori infection, while minimizing misclassification of lifetime infection status and publication bias.
Update in Electrical Storm Therapy
Authors: Cozma Dragos , Tint Diana , Szegedi Nandor , Sallo Zoltan , Geller Laszlo 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Electrical storm (ES) is a major life-threatening event, which announces a possible negative outcome and poor prognosis and poses challenging questions concerning etiology and management.

Data Sources:
A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE and EMBASE (past 30 years until the end of September 2018) using the following search terms: ES, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ablation, and implantable defibrillator. Clinicaltrials.gov was also consulted for studies that are ongoing or completed. Additional articles were identified through bibliographical citations.

Area of Uncertainty:
There is no homogeneous attitude, and therapeutic strategies vary widely.

Therapeutic Advances:
The aim of this review is to define the concept of ES, to review the incidence and prognostic implications, and to describe the most common strategies of therapeutic advances and trends. The management strategy should be decided after an accurate risk stratification is done in initial evaluation according to hemodynamic tolerability and presence of triggers and comorbidities. General care should be provided in an intensive cardiovascular care unit. The cornerstone of acute medical therapy used in ES is mainly represented by amiodarone and beta-blockers. Deep sedation and mechanical ventilation should provide comfort for treatment administration. First-choice drugs are benzodiazepines and short-acting analgesics. General care may also include thoracic epidural anesthesia to modulate neuroaxial efferents to the heart and to decrease sympathetic hyperactivity. We include a special focus on ablation as a reliable tool to target the mechanism of arrhythmia, finally building an up-to-date standardization.

Conclusions:
ES management needs a complex assessment and interpretation of a critical situation in a life-threatening condition. Optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-reprogramming, antiarrhythmic drug therapy and sedation are in first-line approach. Catheter ablation is the elective therapy and plays a central key role in the treatment of ES if possible in combination with hemodynamic support.
Therapeutic Advances in the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Antohi Elena-Laura , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Collins Sean P. , Ahmed Ali , Iliescu Vlad Anton , Cotter Gad , Pang Peter S. , Butler Javed , Chioncel Ovidiu 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common presenting phenotype of acute heart failure (AHF). The main goal of this article was to review the contemporary management strategies in these patients and to describe how future clinical trials may address unmet clinical needs.

Areas of Uncertainty:
The current pathophysiologic understanding of AHF is incomplete. The guideline recommendations for the management of ADHF are based only on algorithms provided by expert consensus guided by blood pressure and/or clinical signs of congestion or hypoperfusion. The lack of adequately conducted trials to address the unmet need for evidence therapy in AHF has not yet been surpassed, and at this time, there is no evidence-based strategy for targeted decongestive therapy to improve outcomes. The precise time point for initiation of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMTs), as respect to moment of decompensation, is also unknown.

Data Sources:
The available data informing current management of patients with ADHF are based on randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and administrative databases.

Therapeutic Advances:
A major step-forward in the management of ADHF patients is recognizing congestion, either clinical or hemodynamic, as a major trigger for heart failure (HF) hospitalization and most important target for therapy. However, a strategy based exclusively on congestion is not sufficient, and at present, comprehensive assessment during hospitalization of cardiac and noncardiovascular substrate with identification of potential therapeutic targets represents “the corner-stone” of ADHF management. In the last years, substantial data have emerged to support the continuation of GDMTs during hospitalization for HF decompensation. Recently, several clinical trials raised hypothesis of “moving to the left” concept that argues for very early implementation of GDMTs as potential strategy to improve outcomes.

Conclusions:
The management of ADHF is still based on expert consensus documents. Further research is required to identify novel therapeutic targets, to establish the precise time point to initiate GDMTs, and to identify patients at risk of recurrent hospitalization.
Therapeutic Advances in the Management of Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Chioncel Ovidiu , Collins Sean P. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Pang Peter S. , Radu Razvan I. , Antohi Elena-Laura , Masip Josep , Butler Javed , Iliescu Vlad Anton 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening state of tissue hypoperfusion, associated with a very high risk of mortality, despite intensive monitoring and modern treatment modalities. The present review aimed at describing the therapeutic advances in the management of CS.

Areas of Uncertainty:
Many uncertainties about CS management remain in clinical practice, and these relate to the intensity of invasive monitoring, the type and timing of vasoactive therapies, the risk–benefit ratio of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) therapy, and optimal ventilation mode. Furthermore, most of the data are obtained from CS in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), although for non–AMI-CS patients, there are very few evidences for etiological or MCS therapies.

Data Sources:
The prospective multicentric acute heart failure registries that specifically presented characteristics of patients with CS, distinct to other phenotypes, were included in the present review. Relevant clinical trials investigating therapeutic strategies in post–AMI-CS patients were added as source information. Several trials investigating vasoactive medications and meta-analysis providing information about benefits and risks of MCS devices were reviewed in this study.

Therapeutic Advances:
Early revascularization remains the most important intervention for CS in settings of AMI, and in patients with multivessel disease, recent trial data recommend revascularization on a “culprit-lesion-only” strategy. Although diverse types of MCS devices improve hemodynamics and organ perfusion in patients with CS, results from almost all randomized trials incorporating clinical end points were inconclusive. However, development of new algorithms for utilization of MCS devices and progresses in technology showed benefit in selected patients. A major advance in the management of CS is development of concept of regional CS centers based on the level of facilities and expertise. The modern systems of care with CS centers used as hubs integrated with emergency medical systems and other referee hospitals have the potential to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:
Additional research is needed to establish new triage algorithms and to clarify intensity and timing of pharmacological and mechanical therapies.
Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances—Recent Advances in Resuscitation
Authors: Cimpoesu Diana , Corlade-Andrei Mihaela , Popa Tudor Ovidiu , Grigorasi Gabriela , Bouros Catalin , Rotaru Luciana , Nedelea Paul Lucian 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in special circumstances includes the emergency intervention for special causes, special environments, and special patients. Special causes cover the potential reversible causes of cardiac arrest that must be identified or excluded during any resuscitation act. The special environments section includes recommendations for the treatment of cardiac arrest occurring in specific locations: cardiac surgery, catheterization laboratory, dialysis unit, dental surgery, commercial airplanes or air ambulances, playing field, difficult environment (eg, drowning, high altitude, avalanche, and electrical injuries) or mass casualty incident. CPR for special patients gives guidance for the patients with severe comorbidities (asthma, heart failure with ventricular assist devices, neurological disease, and obesity) and pregnant women or older people.

Areas of Uncertainty:
There are no generally worldwide accepted resuscitation guidelines for special circumstance, and there are still few studies investigating the safety and outcome of cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Applying standard advanced life support (ALS) guidelines in this situation is not enough to obtain better results from CPR, for example, cardiac arrest caused by electrolyte abnormalities require also the treatment of that electrolyte disturbance, not only standard CPR, or in the case of severe hypothermia, when standard ALS approach is not recommended until a temperature threshold is reached after warming measures. Data sources for this article are scientific articles describing retrospective studies conducted in CPR performed in special circumstances, experts' consensus, and related published opinion of experts in CPR.

Therapeutic Advances:
The newest advance in therapeutics applied to resuscitation field for these particular situations is the use of extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices during CPR.

Conclusions:
In special circumstances, ALS guidelines require modification and special attention for causes, environment, and patient particularities, with specific therapeutic intervention concomitant with standard ALS.
Financial compensation for organ donors
Authors: Harbell Jack W. , Mathur Amit K. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
With an increasing demand for donor organs, strategies to increase the number of available donor organs have become more focused. Compensating donors for donation is one strategy proposed to increase the availability of organs for transplant. This has been implemented in several systems internationally, but debate continues in the United States with respect to appropriate strategies. The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) currently prohibits the transfer of any human organ ‘for valuable consideration’ for transplantation, but allows for the removal of financial disincentives.

Recent findings
Several proposals currently exist for compensating patients for living donation. Recent data have focused on studying and creating mechanisms for reimbursement of costs incurred as part of the donation process, which is related to the removal of disincentives to living donation. Others have advocated for the provision of actual incentives to patients for the act of donating, in an attempt to further expand living donation. The current debate focuses on what measures can reasonably be taken to increase donation, and whether additional incentives will encourage more donation or reduce the motivation for altruistic donation.

Summary
Currently, the transplant community broadly supports the removal of disincentives for living donors, including reimbursement of expenses for travel, housing and lost wages incurred during evaluation, surgery and after care. Others have advocated for financial incentives to further increase the number of donor organs available for transplant. Although the removal of disincentives is currently allowed under the existing legal structure of NOTA, providing financial incentives for living donation would require further evaluation of the economics, law, ethics and public readiness for a significant policy shift.
Current status of lipid emulsions in the prevention of intestinal failure-associated liver disease
Authors: Lim Joel , Oschman Alexandra , Curiel Kayla 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
The current review provides a summary of available lipid products and discusses current literature and the limitations to the use of various lipid products for treatment and prevention of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in pediatric patients dependent on parenteral nutrition.

Recent findings
Improvements in markers of cholestasis and liver function have been seen with minimizing soybean lipid, fish oil lipid, and mixed fish oil-containing lipid emulsions. Soybean-based lipid products are thought to be the biggest contributor to development of IFALD. Mixed fish oil-containing lipid emulsions are most promising for minimizing and improving IFALD.

Summary
Several types of lipid-based products are available for parenteral nutrition. Newer products like the mixed fish oil-containing-based lipid emulsions, that closely mimic the lipid composition provided by enteral feeding, may impact prevention and treatment of IFALD. Limitations exist in the current literature regarding mixed fish oil-containing-based emulsions, as many of the studies were designed to show efficacy with regard to growth, not prevention or treatment of IFALD. Based on available literature, it is reasonable to make some recommendations with regard to product selection for lipid provision.
Liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Simoneau Eve , D’Angelica Michael , Halazun Karim J. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this review is to discuss existing data on liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis, emerging controversies, and future directions.Recent findingsContemporary experience with transplanting patients with liver metastasis from colon cancer is mainly derived from European centers, with a large proportion being from a single institution (SECA study), made possible in part by a relatively high donor pool. The initial results prove to be encouraging by demonstrating an overall survival advantage over unresectable patients with liver-limited disease managed with chemotherapy only. Recurrence patterns, however, suggest a need for better patient selection and treatment sequencing optimization. In North America, the main barriers in establishing similar protocols result from national liver graft shortage, which represents an issue of competing resources when indications have yet to be well defined. Evolving strategies in transplantation, such as the utilization of marginal liver grafts and living donor liver transplantation might constitute potential solutions.SummaryEvidence suggests a potential survival benefit of liver transplantation for a subset of patients with unresectable liver-limited CRLM. Further prospective trials are needed to clarify the role and feasibility of this treatment strategy in oncotransplantation.
Increasing Competence in Pressure Injury Prevention Using Competency-Based Education in Adult Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Aquino Carla , Owen Amanda , Predicce Ashley , Poe Stephanie , Kozachik Sharon 
Published: March 2019

Background:
There is a significant focus on pressure injury prevention to promote better patient outcomes and control health care cost.

Local Problem:
In 2016, the institution's pressure injury quarterly prevalence survey showed that two-thirds of the patients surveyed who developed unit-acquired pressure injury stage 2 and greater were in the adult intensive care units.

Methods:
The quality improvement project used a pre- and postintervention design.

Interventions:
The adult medical intensive care unit (MICU) executed a competency-based education project to increase staff implementation of pressure injury prevention.

Results:
Following initiation of competency-based education, staff documentation of pressure injury prevention implementation increased, and unit-acquired pressure injury stage 2 and greater rates were reduced.

Conclusions:
The use of a competency-based education program may be effective in increasing pressure injury prevention in the intensive care unit.
Measuring Quality of Care
Authors: Stolt Minna , Katajisto Jouko , Kottorp Anders , Leino-Kilpi Helena 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Patient-centeredness is emphasized in both health policies and practice, calling for reliable instruments for the evaluation of the quality of nursing care.

Purpose:
The purpose was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Good Nursing Care Scale (GNCS) in a sample of surgical patients and nurses.

Methods:
An explorative cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected with the 40-item GNCS from surgical patients (n = 476) and nurses (n = 167) in Finland. The data were analyzed with Rasch analysis.

Results:
The GNCS provided evidence of unidimensionality with acceptable goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model in both samples. Person-separation validity was acceptable. Person misfit was reasonable. The Rasch-equivalent Cronbach α was 0.81 (patient data) and 0.88 (nurse data).

Conclusions:
The findings support that the GNCS is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used in measuring the quality of nursing care, from the perspective of both patients and nurses.