bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Subclinical Ketosis and Ruminal Dysfunction in Dairy Cows
Authors: Pechová Alena , Nečasová Andrea 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ketosis is still an important problem which must be solved in dairy herds. Early precise diagnosis and proper evaluation of the cause of the disease is essential for good management of ketosis on dairy farms. The aim of our work was to analyse the occurrence of rumen dysfunction in connection with subclinical ketosis in dairy herds and to evaluate the relationships between beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in blood and metabolic parameters in blood, urine and rumen fluid. We analysed the results of metabolic profile tests performed in dairy cattle herds from 1,338 cows. The concentration of BHB significantly correlated with glucose, NEFA (nonesterified fatty acids), bilirubin, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase), urea, magnesium and calcium in blood serum and with following parameters of rumen fluid – acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate/propionate and infusoria. Significant but weak correlations were found between BHB and urine parameters (pH, specific gravity, potassium, magnesium, chloride). Subclinical ruminal acidosis was found in 23.1% and 16.7% of dairy cows with light (BHB 1.2–2 mmol/L) and more severe subclinical ketosis (BHB >2 mmol/L) and simple ruminal indigestion in 16.7% and 30%, respectively. On the basis of performed analysis we can conclude that rumen dysfunction is an important factor for the development of ketosis. Veterinary practitioners should suggest checking the feeding management in their diagnostic work with the aim to distinguish primary and secondary ketosis. Only complex and precise diagnostic work allows applying correct and successful therapy not only for individual animals but also for herd health management.
Determinants of Patent Protection Regimes: A Self-Organizing Map Approach
Authors: Demir Caner , Cergibozan Raif 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study investigates the determinants of patent protection regimes with the use of the self-organizing map (SOM) method. Unlike any previous attempts in the existing literature, this paper takes into consideration the lack of analytical techniques in the past and tries to demonstrate a potential relationship between the patent protection and its determinants through the employment of a newer, more consistent method. The study consists of two main parts. Firstly, the patent protection strengths of 111 countries have been classified via a SOM-based model and it turns out that three types of clusters can be found around the world; low-, mid- and high-protection. The results also show that the densities of these clusters have dramatically changed in the post-1980 period. In the second part of the study, the determinants of the patent rights are examined for 49 developed and developing countries. After revisiting the older econometric models with recent data, this study also analyses the determinants with the SOM method. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between GDP per capita, human capital, R&D, market freedom, political rights and patent protection for about two-thirds of the sample; which implies that the patent policies of these countries are in accordance with the selected economic and social factors.
MODERN COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTICS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED FORMS OF LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Sapaev D. Sh. , Ruzibaev R. Yu. , Yakubov F. R. 
Published: September 2018

The OBJECTIVE of the study is to evaluate the approaches of surgical treatment of complicated forms of liver echinococcosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. During the period from 2010 to 2016, surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis was performed in 202 patients, 161 patients of them (79.7 %) had primary echinococcosis, and 41 patients (20.3 %) had recurrent echinococcosis. The work is based on the retrospective analysis of the results of preoperative examination, intraoperative ultrasound examination and treatment of 46 (22.8 %) patients with complicated echinococcosis – with isolated liver damage or in combination with other localizations. 8 patients had concomitant complications. RESULTS. Cyst suppuration is the most common among the complicated forms of liver echinococcosis. CONCLUSION. Complicated liver echinococcosis should be operated in the specialized institution with modern diagnostic and treatment equipment and highly qualified specialists.
THE USE OF TRANSEXAMIC ACID FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Dulaev A. K. , Tsed A. N. , Mushtin N. E. 
Published: September 2018

The OBJECTIVE is to determine the possibilities of using tranexamic acid for hip arthroplasty in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The material for the study was based on the data of 31 patients with pathology of the hip who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty from 2015 to 2017 at the Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the «Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University». RESULTS. The study proves the safety of using tranexamic acid for total hip arthroplasty in chronic hemodialysis patients. CONCLUSION. The use of tranexamic acid for hip arthroplasty in patients receiving renal replacement therapy allows to reduce blood loss. The efficacy was 33 % (p<0.05). It is necessary to strictly adhere to the frequency of introduction of tranexamic acid, and dose adjustment depending on the concentration of blood creatinine.
ANAESTHETIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING CONDITIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC GASTRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY
Authors: Neimark M. I. , Kiselev R. V. , Elisariev A. Yu. 
Published: September 2018

The OBJECTIVE of the study is to improve in the surgical condition of endoscopic longitudinal gastroplasty in patients with morbid obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The prospective randomized controlled research of 68 patients who underwent endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. The 1st group (n=23) – neuromuscular blockade (NMB) was performed by bolus injection of rocuronium, the patients on the operating table were in a flat position. The 2nd group (n=23) – NMB was maintained by intravenous infusion of rocuronium, patients on the operating table were in the Trendelenburg position. The 3rd group (n=22) – basic anesthesia in combination with prolonged epidural analgesia (PEA), NMB were maintained at a deep level by intravenous infusion of rocuronium, patients on the operating table were in the «beach chair» position. Neuromuscular monitoring, monitoring of central and peripheral hemodynamics were performed. The elasticity of the anterior abdominal wall (E), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), intra-abdominal volume (IAV) were calculated. RESULTS. During the analysis of the dynamics of the average level of intra-abdominal volume and pressure, it was found that the mean IAV level in the 3rd group was significantly higher at all stages of the study than in the 1st and the 2nd groups, and the IAP level was significantly lower in the 3rd group at all stages of the study than in the 1st and the 2nd groups. CONCLUSION. The maintaining of muscle relaxation at a deep level under the regime of continuous infusion, the inclusion of ropivacaine in the anesthetic regimen of PEA, the use of the «beach chair» position for the patient on the operating table contribute to the improvement of surgical condition during the endoscopic gastrectomy in patients with morbid obesity.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC AND INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES DURING RESECTION OF THE ANEURYSM OF THE INFRARENAL AORTIC SEGMENT
Authors: Bedrov A. Ya. , Moiseev A. A. , Belozertseva A. V. , Morozov A. N. , Pugachenko Yu. A. 
Published: September 2018

The OBJECTIVE is to assess the patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries in the remote period after resection of the aneurysm of the infrarenal aortic segment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 33 patients who underwent resection of the abdominal aortic aneurysm with reconstruction of the inferior mesenteric artery and (or) internal iliac arteries from 1998 to 2017. All patients were examined with computed tomography scan with contrast to assess the patency of inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries. RESULTS. Patients were observed from 0.5 to 15 years. Among 30 patients with inferior mesenteric artery implanted into the prosthesis, 23 (76 %) patients had a passable inferior mesenteric artery and 7 patients had an occluded inferior mesenteric artery. The implanted inferior mesenteric artery maintained its patency for 3 years in 100% of cases, from 3 to 5 years – in 86%, after 5 years and more – in 62%. In one patient who underwent reconstruction of the internal iliac artery, thrombosis of the prosthetic-internal iliac shunt was found out in 1.5 years after the operation, without any clinical manifestations. One patient, underwent the reconstruction of the internal iliac artery, was diagnosed with thrombosis of the prosthetic-internal iliac shunt in 1.5 years after the operation, which was not accompanied by clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION. The high remote patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries reconstructed during resection of the aneurysm of the infrarenal aortic segment indicates the need for this procedure in order to prevent ischemic disorders of the digestive organs and pelvis.
Effects of some dormancy breaking methods on germination of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)
Authors: KİTİŞ Yasin Emre , AKTAS KAYA Dudu 
Published: September 2018

Corchorus olitorius L. is an annual plant that grows in temperate and tropical regions. Although this species is cultivated in some countries, in temperate regions, it is observed that it causes problems as a weed in summer crops. Jute shows resistance to germination even in favorable conditions. This situation is an obstruction for studies with this species, and cultivation process for farmers. On the other hand, in weed management, it is important to know the methods for removing dormancy to reduce the seed bank in the soil. In this study, the effect of some preliminary treatments to reduce dormancy in C. olitorius seeds was investigated. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to mechanical scarification, soaking in pure water (2 and 6 hours), application of sulfuric acid (98%; 5, 10 and 15 minutes), gibberellic acid (200, 400 and 600 ppm) and microwave applications (30 and 60 second durations of dry, wet and afloat seeds). Pre-applied seeds were left to germinate in incubators set at 30 °C and germinated seeds were recorded for 10 days. As a result, the germination rate of the seeds in the control group remained at 4%. The highest germination rate (88%) was obtained from the mechanical abrasion of seed coat by sanding. This result suggests that inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Other applications except sanding were not much different from the control. Sanding is an easy and risk-free method for scientific research to be carried out with the related species, and the farmers can obtain maximum germination from the seeds of jute by this method.
Population estimation, distribution, and habitat preference of Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866) in the Brunei Bay, Malaysian waters
Authors: Mahmud Anisul Islam , Jaaman Saifullah Arifin , Muda Azmi Marzuki , Muhamad Hairul Masrini , Zhang Xuelei , Scapini Felicita 
Published: September 2018

The population of Irrawaddy dolphins in Brunei Bay, Malaysia is currently under threat by anthropogenic activities. This study is aimed at contributing information on population size, group composition, spatial occurrence and habitat preferences of this dolphin species in the bay area. A total of 36 individuals (adults) of Irrawaddy dolphins were identified using dorsal fin photo match software (DARWIN) by undertaking 297.91 h of boat‐based dedicated surveys (April 2013 – October 2015). By using the mark–recapture open‐population parameterization, the estimated population size (adult) was 33 (95% CI = 28–39) with the apparent survival rate of 0.98 (0.89–0.99, SE = 0.01). Also, the recapture rate was 0.27 (0.14–0.45, SE = 0.07) and the estimated individual entry rate from super‐population was 0.15 (0.10–0.22, SE = 0.03). The estimated entire population size was 41 (95% CI = 36–49) including calves. The observed mean group size was 6 (SE = 0.66, range 1–18). Two hotspots were identified for dolphin occurrences near Lawas and Labuan Island at a sighting rate of 2.8–12.3 km‐2. The dolphins were encountered in the bay over the entire year with no seasonal differences. The observation of dolphin calves in the groups are a positive indicator that the dolphins are breeding successfully in the Bay area and provide hope that the population will remain stable or increase in number. The dolphins showed habitat preferences of sea depths (2 to 9.99 m), surface water temperature (29 to 31.99°C), and coastline distance (1.5 to 4.49 km). This study provides the first detailed information about Irrawaddy dolphins in the Brunei Bay, Malaysia, and may serve as a baseline for future comparisons. It can help researchers, conservationists, local marine park managers and policy makers to propose effective conservation and management plans in the Brunei Bay area.
PENGATURAN SUDUT AZIMUTH ROKET RUM UNTUK OPERASI PELUNCURAN PADA KECEPATAN ANGIN DI ATAS 10 KNOT (AZIMUTH ANGLE’S SETTING OF ROCKET RUM FOR LAUNCH OPERATION AT WIND SPEED MORE THAN 10 KNOT)
Authors: Wibowo Heri Budi , Riyadl Ahmad , Nugroho Yudha Agung 
Published: September 2018

RUM rocket is a rocket used in the payload competition among university students. The rocket is designed to bring a maximum payload of 1 kg to altitude of 600-1000 m and falls safely on a 500 m radius of the left and right rear of the center point of the launching pad of the conditions of wind speeds below 10 knots. In extreme circumstances where the wind speed is above 10 knots, the effect of speed and direction of wind to the stability of the rocket flight direction large enough to cause it to fall beyond the defined safety radius. The research aims to adjust azimuth setting of the rocket so that the fall of the rocket motor remains secure within the radius of the launch area. The study was conducted by testing a rocket RUM in extreme conditions (wind speed of 10-20 knots) with variations in shear-pin and azimuth angle. The test variables are the position of the fallen rocket motor. The results show that the wind direction and speed significantly affecting direction of rockets flight. The results show that rocket azimuth angle of 60 degrees with the direction of 90 degrees from the wind direction can make thea rocket falls on a secure area (within 500 m). ABSTRAKRoket RUM adalah roket untuk lomba muatan antar mahasiswa. Roket didisain membawa beban maksimum 1 kg dengan ketinggian 600-1000 m dan jatuh pada radius 500 m dari titik pusat peluncuran dengan kondisi kecepatan angin di bawah 10 knot. Dalam keadaan ekstrim dimana kecepatan angin di atas 10 knot, pengaruh kecepatan angin terhadap arah terbang roket menjadi besar sehingga dapat menyebabkan jatuhnya roket meleset di luar radius aman yang telah diitetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengatur sudut azimuth roket untuk mengatur jatuhnya motor roket sehingga tetap aman dalam radius area peluncuran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian roket RUM pada kondisi ekstrim (kecepatan angin 10-20 knot) dengan variasi penahan beban dan sudut azimuth. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan penahan beban dan pengaturan sudut azimuth roket 60 derajat dengan arah 90 derajat dari arah angin dapat membuat roket jatuh pada daerah aman peluncuran (500 m).
Penerapan Metode Partisipatori untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VI SDN 6 Tamanagung Kecamatan Cluring Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun Pelajaran 2016-2017
Authors: Rahayu Yulia Tri 
Published: September 2018

Bahasa merupakan salah satu hasil kebudayaan yang harus dipelajari dan harus diajarkan. Dengan bahasa kebudayaan suatu bangsa dapat dibentuk, dibina dan dikembangkan serta dapat diturunkan kepada generasi-generasi mendatang. Pengajaran bahasa Indonesia pada hakikatnya merupakan salah satu sarana mengupayakan suatu pengembangan dan pembinaan bahasa Indonesia secara terarah. Oleh sebab itu melalui proses pengajaran bahasa diharapkan siswa mempunyai kemampuan yang memadai untuk dapat berbahasa Indonesia secara baik dan benar. Penulis ingin berpatipasi terhadap kemajuan belajar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VI.dengan memilih dari sekian banyak metode diantaranya adalah Penerapan Metode Partisipatori dan Metode Kerja Kelompok Upaya Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesuia Kelas VI SDN 06 Tamanagung melalui metode ini siswa dituntut berperan aktif mengikuti penjelasan Guru ,diskusi, kelompok, merangkum hasil diskusi Bahasa Indonesia, membacakan hasil diskusi didepan kelas,mampu mengexpesikan berbahasa Indonesia dengan tepat ,siswa selalu ingin meningkatkan terus pada pelajaran berikutnya secara antusias Siswa dianggap sebagai penentu keberhasilan belajar. Siswa sebagai subyek belajar. Dengan berpartisipasi aktif, siswa dapat menemukan hasil belajar. Guru hanya bersifat sebagai pemandu atau fasilitator. Selain itu, dengan metode kerja kelompok dapat meningkatkan kerjasama siswa dalam kelompok dan meningkatkan kemampuan bersosialisasi dengan temannya. Tujuan diadakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejuah mana peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dalam pelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan menerapkan metode partisipatori dan metode kerja kelompok.Penelitian tindakan ini dilakukan dalam 3 siklus. Dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan mencapai standar ideal. Dari 55% pada Siklus l, dapat meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 67,5 % dan siklus 3 mencapai 85 %, secara klasikal telah mencapai ketuntasan. Hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan metode partispatori dan metode kerja kelompok efektif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan ketuntasan mencapai 100 %. KataKunci: Metode Partisipatori, Kerja Kelompok, Prestasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia
MEDRESE-TEKKE BÜTÜNLÜĞÜNDE YETİŞMİŞ BİR ÂLİM TİPİ: İMAM GAZZÂLÎ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Birol , KARAKUŞ Ahmet 
Published: September 2018

Taklitten hoşlanmayan bir karaktere sahip olduğu anlaşılan Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nin İslam âlimi, filozofu, mutasavvıfı ve Nizâmiye Medreselerinin müderrisi İmam Gazzâlî (v. 505/1111) kariyerinin en zirve noktasında “hastalık” ve “şüphecilik” diye nitelediği birkaç ay süren entelek-tüel bir krize girer. İmam Gazzâlî kendisini hakikati arama sürecine iten bu buhranlı süreçte duyulara deney ve akla dayanan bilgilerin gerçekliği konusunda derin bir şüpheye düşer. “Al-lah’ın kalbine attığı nur” sayesinde yeniden sağlığına kavuştuktan sonra, hakikati araştıranların kelamcılar, batıniler, filozoflar ve sufilerden oluşan dört gruptan ibaret olduğunu ifade ederek adı geçen düşünce sistemlerini bu konularda telif eser yazacak şekilde derinlemesine incelemeye başlar. Sonunda müellif en mükemmel yolu seçmiş olan, en makbul hayat tarzına ve en güzel ahlaka sahip olduklarına inandığı sufilerin yolunda karar kılar ve bu yol ile hakikate ulaşır. Müellif bu arayış sürecini alanında nadir bir eser olan ve el-Münkızu mine’d-dalâl ola-rak tanınan otobiyografik eserinde anlatır. Gazzalî’nin hayatındaki değişim kadar eser de çok önemlidir. Zira İslam dünyasında toplumsal yaşantının ayrıntılarını irdeleyen otobiyografik eserler oldukça azdır. İlahî emir ve yasaklara riayeti, Allah Teâlâ’nın rızasını kazanmayı kendile-rine hedef edinen, “kâl”den ziyade “hâl”e önem veren sufiler kendilerinden bahsetmekten özel-likle kaçınmışlardır. Bu meyanda yazılan eserler daha çok talebeleri tarafından yazılmış, hayat hikâyeleri teracim kitaplarında ve şuara tezkirelerinde yazılan bilgilerle günümüze ulaşmıştır. İşte biz bu çalışmamızda söz konusu eseri merkeze alarak İmam Gazzâlî’nin taklitten tahkike “ilim”den “ayn”a giden süreçte zihin ve gönül dünyasında meydana gelen büyük deği-şimin izlerini süreceğiz. Bunu yaparken V/XI. yüzyıl İslam dünyasının inanç ve fikir hareketle-rini de nazara vermeye ve bu noktadan geleceğe ışık tutmaya çalışacağız.
DİNDAR DEĞİL MANEVİYATÇIYIM: POSTMODERN DİN BİLİMLERİNDE MANEVİYAT- DİNDARLIK TARTIŞMALARI
Authors: ALİCİ Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

Öz:İnsan,
ruh gibi manevi, beden gibi maddi boyutu olan bir varlıktır. Bu iki unsura
karşı dindar insanlar, inanç sistemlerinde bir dizi psikolojik ve sosyolojik
kurum geliştirdiler.

Günümüzde
bir kişinin maneviyat ve dindarlığını tanımlamaya ve tanımlamaya çalıştığı
postmodern söylem, postmodern kültürel ana akım anlamında değerlendirilebilir.
Bu konu birçok kültürel, felsefi ve dinsel bağlamda irdelenmiştir.

Bu
makalede tenkitsel postmodern din bilimlerinin incelediği dindarlığın dışarıdan
tenkidi, maneviyatçılığın sübjektif dindarlık olarak önemi, klasik dini
kurumların eleştirisi gibi temel meseleleri ele alacağız.
Screening word usage in people affected by PTSD: an unbiased, cost effective, and novel screening method?
Authors: Todorov German I. , Mayilvahanan Karthikeyan , Cain Christopher K , Cunha Catarina 
Published: September 2018

According to the World Health Organization, mental illness is the leading cause of disability worldwide accounting for 37% of years of healthy life lost. Prevention and early detection of mental health disorders is important for social stability and economic prosperity of every country and the world at large. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a very common condition with more than 3 million cases per year in the US alone. PTSD symptoms usually start soon after a traumatic event. The right diagnosis in a timely manner is key to ensuring prompt treatment that could lead to a full recovery. Unfortunately, social stigma as well as self-presentation and self-assessment biases often prevent individuals from seeking timely evaluation, leading to delays in treatment and suboptimal outcomes. Previous studies show that various mental health conditions are associated with distinct patterns of language use. Analyzing language use may also help to avoid response bias in self-reports. In this study we show a number of language use differences between PTSD sufferers and controls. Our data also suggest that subgroups of people with the same mental health disorder (PTSD in this study) may have salient differences in their language use, particularly in word usage frequencies. Additionally, we show that word usage patterns may vary depending on the type of the text being analyzed. These factors need to be accounted for when creating screening tools based on language analysis. If properly developed, such tools may facilitate earlier PTSD diagnosis, leading to timely support and treatment, which are associated with better outcomes.