bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Balance and Intrabinary Shock Stability in Rotation-powered-state Redback and Transitional Millisecond Pulsar Binary Systems
Authors: Wadiasingh Zorawar , Venter Christo , Harding Alice K. , Böttcher Markus , Kilian Patrick 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A number of low-mass millisecond pulsar (MSP) binaries in their rotation-powered state exhibit double-peaked X-ray orbital modulation centered at inferior pulsar conjunction. This state, which has been known to persist for years, has recently been interpreted as emission from a shock that enshrouds the pulsar. However, the pressure balance for such a configuration is a crucial unresolved issue. We consider two scenarios for pressure balance: a companion magnetosphere and stellar mass loss with gas dominance. It is found that the magnetospheric scenario requires several kilogauss poloidal fields for isobaric surfaces to enshroud the MSP, as well as for the magnetosphere to remain stable if there is significant mass loss. For the gas-dominated scenario, it is necessary that the companion wind loses angular momentum prolifically as an advection- or heating-dominated flow. Thermal bremsstrahlung cooling in the flow may be observable as a UV to soft X-ray component independent of orbital phase if the mass rate is high. We formulate the general requirements for shock stability against gravitational influences in the pulsar rotation-powered state for the gas-dominated scenario. We explore stabilizing mechanisms, principally irradiation feedback, which anticipates correlated shock emission and companion variability and predicts F

γ
/F
X ≲ 14 for the ratio of pulsar magnetospheric γ-ray to total shock soft-to-hard X-ray fluxes. This stability criterion implies an unbroken extension of X-ray power-law emission to hundreds of keV for some systems. We explore observational discriminants between the gas-dominated and magnetospheric scenarios, motivating contemporaneous radio through γ-ray monitoring of these systems.
Two Thresholds for Globular Cluster Formation and the Common Occurrence of Massive Clusters in the Early Universe
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are usually accompanied by lower-mass clusters and unbound stars with a total mass equal to several tens times the mass of the YMC. If this was also true when globular clusters (GCs) formed, then their cosmic density implies that most star formation before redshift ∼2 made a GC that lasted until today. Star-forming regions had to change after this time for the modern universe to be making very few YMCs. Here we consider the conditions needed for the formation of a ∼106
M
⊙ cluster. These include a star formation rate (SFR) inside each independent region that exceeds ∼1 M
⊙ yr−1 to sample the cluster mass function up to such a high mass, and an SFR per unit area of ΣSFR ∼ 1 M
⊙ kpc−2 yr−1 to get the required high gas surface density from the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, and therefore the required high pressure from the weight of the gas. High pressures are implied by the virial theorem at cluster densities. The ratio of these two quantities gives the area of a GC-forming region, ∼1 kpc2, and the young stellar mass converted to a cloud mass gives a typical gas surface density of 500–1000 M
⊙ pc−2. Observations of star-forming clumps in young galaxies are consistent with these numbers, suggesting that they formed today’s GCs. Observations of the cluster cutoff mass in local galaxies agree with the maximum mass calculated from ΣSFR. Metal-poor stellar populations in local dwarf irregular galaxies confirm the dominant role of GC formation in building their young disks.
Current Sheets in the Wake of an Eruption of Two Crossing Filaments
Authors: Dai Jun , Yang Jiayan , Li Leping , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Employing Solar Dynamic Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) multi-wavelength images, we study an eruption of two crossing filaments, and report for the first time the current sheets (CSs) connecting the lower flare ribbons and the upper erupting filaments. On 2014 July 8, two crossing filaments are observed in the NOAA active region 12113. The lower-lying filament rises first, and then meets the higher-lying one. Thereafter, both of them erupt together. The filament eruption draws the overlying magnetic field lines upward, leading to the approach of two legs, with opposite magnetic polarities, of the overlying field lines. Two sets of bright CSs form at the interface of these two legs, and magnetic reconnection takes place in the CSs producing the underneath flare ribbons and post-flare loops. Several bright plasmoids appear in the CSs, and propagate along the CSs bidirectionally. The CSs and plasmoids are observed in AIA multi-wavelength channels, indicating that both of them have been heated during the reconnection process, with hot and warm components. Employing the differential emission measure (EM) analysis, we find that both the temperature and EM of the CSs decrease from the flare arcades outward to the erupting filaments, and those of the plasmoids are significantly larger than the regions where no plasmoid is detected.
A Synthetic Sample of Short-cadence Solar-like Oscillators for TESS
Authors: Ball Warrick H. , Chaplin William J. , Schofield Mathew , Miglio Andrea , Bossini Diego , Davies Guy R. , Girardi Léo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has begun a two-year survey of most of the sky, which will include light curves for thousands of solar-like oscillators sampled at a cadence of two minutes. To prepare for this steady stream of data, we present a mock catalog of light curves, designed to realistically mimic the properties of the TESS sample. In the process, we also present the first public release of the asteroFLAG Artificial DataSet Generator, which simulates light curves of solar-like oscillators based on input mode properties. The targets are drawn from a simulation of the Milky Way’s populations and are selected in the same way as TESS’s true Asteroseismic Target List. The light curves are produced by combining stellar models, pulsation calculations and semi-empirical models of solar-like oscillators. We describe the details of the catalog and provide several examples. We provide pristine light curves to which noise can be added easily. This mock catalog will be valuable in testing asteroseismology pipelines for TESS and our methods can be applied in preparation and planning for other observatories and observing campaigns.
Modelagem matemática na educação básica: a primeira experiência vivenciada
Authors: Kaczmarek Derli , Burak Dionísio 
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as interações realizadas entre aluno-aluno e aluno-professor no decorrer do desenvolvimento de uma atividade de Modelagem, fazendo alguns apontamentos no que se refere à primeira experiência da professora com esse tipo de atividade. As atividades que compõem este artigo foram desenvolvidas com estudantes do nono ano de Ensino Fundamental e fazem parte da dissertação de mestrado da autora. Foram utilizados os referenciais de Burak para a condução das atividades com Modelagem e de Vygotsky para a realização das análises. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, analisa as ações e interações vividas entre todos os sujeitos (estudantes e professora) em atividades desenvolvidas com o uso dessa metodologia. Os resultados apontam que a Modelagem Matemática reforça a criação de vínculos sociais, pois enfoca o desenvolvimento individual no aspecto dinâmico e dialógico, bem como favorece a ocorrência da zona de desenvolvimento proximal, evidenciando os postulados de Vygotsky.
O cálculo de Maria: contribuições de um jogo interdisciplinar para o desenvolvimento da cidadania
Authors: Jendreieck Céres De Oliveira , Guérios Ettiène 
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem por finalidade apresentar um recorte de uma pesquisa que investigou contribuições que um jogo educativo interdisciplinar proporcionou para o desenvolvimento de habilidades das disciplinas de matemática e geografia de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os principais referenciais teóricos utilizados foram Grando (2000, 2004), Machado (2001, 2006) e Moura (1992, 2010) no que tange a dimensão lúdica. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa e de intervenção. Os participantes foram 8 alunos matriculados no 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. As pesquisadoras criaram um jogo interdisciplinar que foi validado por uma equipe de profissionais da educação. Para a coleta de dados realizou-se uma atividade inicial, acompanhada de cinco partidas seguidas de cinco atividades diferentes com foco na resolução de situações-problema advindas do jogo e uma atividade final. Foi realizada uma observação sistemática in loco com posterior produção de narrativas, filmagem das partidas e das atividades após o jogo e registros das resoluções das atividades inicial e final. Para análise foi criado um método próprio para esta pesquisa, realizando-se uma triangulação dos instrumentos. Neste artigo será apresentada uma fração dos resultados obtidos e suas discussões. Maria é o nome fictício de uma das participantes do jogo sendo a sua participação o foco desse artigo. Conclui-se que o jogo, com sua característica interdisciplinar, pode auxiliar professores nas aulas de matemática e de geografia, além de aliar aprendizagem matemática à aprendizagem de valores cidadãos, constituindo-se um produtivo recurso Educativo.
Connaître ou punir ? Adapter les dispositifs de gestion pour gérer la contradiction autour des règles
Authors: Martineau Régis 
Published: December 2018

La règle de signalement des évènements indésirables, souvent utilisée dans les organisations à risque comme les aéroports, les hôpitaux ou encore les centrales nucléaires, a pour but de mieux faire circuler la connaissance à l’intérieur d’une organisation. Elle représente aussi une règle qui s’attaque très directement aux régulations autonomes et aux pratiques locales. Cette double orientation est une source d’ambiguïté que les organisations doivent gérer au quotidien, notamment par les dispositifs de gestion qui portent les règles. Cet article, premièrement, décrit de manière conceptuelle les termes de la contradiction de cette règle, qui se situe entre « connaître et punir ». Deuxièmement, il montre que la manière dont le dispositif de gestion qui porte cette règle est conçu et implémenté peut permettre de gérer cette contradiction. Nous étudions ensuite, au travers d’une étude de cas menée dans un hôpital régional, les négociations qui se jouent autour d’une règle de signalement des évènements indésirables intégrée dans un dispositif de gestion. L’étude montre que, en l’absence d’un choix tranché entre « connaître » et « punir », le dispositif portant la règle a été conçu et implémenté de manière contradictoire. Cela permet de discriminer trois types de dispositifs (habilitants, contraignants et contradictoires) qui diffèrent dans la manière de gérer la contradiction entre connaître et punir.
IL-10 Indirectly Downregulates IL-4–Induced IgE Production by Human B Cells
Authors: Lin Adora A , Freeman Alexandra F , Nutman Thomas B 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Controlled allergic disease is associated with decreased allergen-specific IgE and increased allergen-specific IgG4. Although IL-10 has been shown to contribute to these changes, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study explored how IL-10 differentially regulates human IgE and IgG4 production. Highly purified B cells and B cell subsets from healthy individuals were cultured with combinations of anti-CD40, IL-4, and IL-10. In other experiments, PBMCs isolated from healthy donors or from autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3 loss-of-function) subjects were cultured with combinations of IL-4 and IL-10. In B cell cultures, IL-10 had no significant effect on IL-4–induced IgE production but increased IL-4–induced IgG4 production over 20-fold. IL-4–induced transcription of Cε and Cγ4 germline transcripts (GLTs) by isolated B cells was not affected by IL-10. In PBMC cultures, IL-4 induced production of both IgE and IgG4 and increased expression of Cε and Cγ4 GLTs above baseline. Unlike in purified B cells, IL-10 diminished IL-4–induced IgE production and expression of Cε GLTs without affecting IgG4 production or expression of Cγ4 GLTs. PBMCs from autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome individuals failed to consistently modulate IgE production in response to IL-4 and IL-10. As measured by flow cytometry, the frequency of IL-10R+ cells was similar between IgE+ and IgG4+ B cells. These data suggest that IL-10 acts indirectly through accessory cells to modulate the production of IgE. For IgG4, IL-10 appears to act directly on B cells to drive IgG4 production, with its effects being downstream of germline transcription.
High tropospheric ozone in Lhasa within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone in 2013: influence of convective transport and stratospheric intrusions
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Bian Jianchun , Günther Gebhard , Li Qian , Zhang Jinqiang , Bai Zhixuan , Vömel Holger , Riese Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Balloon-borne measurements of ozone in Lhasa (29.66∘ N,
91.14∘ E; 3650 m above sea level) in August 2013 are investigated
using backward trajectory calculations performed with the Chemical Lagrangian
Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). Measurements show three time periods
characterized by high ozone mixing ratios (OMRs) in the troposphere on 8, 11,
and 18–20 August 2013 during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) season. Here, we
verified two different sources for the enhanced ozone values in the
troposphere. First, transport of polluted air from the boundary layer, and
second downward transport from the stratosphere by stratospheric intrusions.
Air pollution from South Asia through convective and long-range transport
plays a key role in enhancing middle tropospheric OMRs up to 90 % on
8 August and up to 125 % on 11 August 2013 compared to monthly mean ozone
of August 2013. Stratospheric air intruded from the northern high-latitudes
to the southeastern flank of the ASM anticyclone to the troposphere and is
identified as the source of enhanced ozone according to backward trajectory
calculation and satellite measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
(OMI) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Air parcels with high
ozone moved from the high-latitude lower stratosphere to the middle and upper
troposphere. These air parcels are then transported to Lhasa over long
distances and enhanced upper and middle tropospheric ozone over Lhasa during
18–20 August 2013. Our findings demonstrate that the strong variability of
ozone within the ASM anticyclone in the free troposphere is caused by
transport from very different regions of the atmosphere.
A physics-based approach to oversample multi-satellite, multispecies observations to a common grid
Authors: Sun Kang , Zhu Lei , Cady-Pereira Karen , Chan Miller Christopher , Chance Kelly , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-François , González Abad Gonzalo , Huang Guanyu , Liu Xiong , Van Damme Martin , Yang Kai , Zondlo Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing of the Earth's atmospheric composition usually
samples irregularly in space and time, and many applications require
spatially and temporally averaging the satellite observations (level 2) to a
regular grid (level 3). When averaging level 2 data over a long period to a
target level 3 grid that is significantly finer than the sizes of level 2
pixels, this process is referred to as “oversampling”. An agile,
physics-based oversampling approach is developed to represent each satellite
observation as a sensitivity distribution on the ground, instead of a point
or a polygon as assumed in previous methods. This sensitivity distribution
can be determined by the spatial response function of each satellite sensor.
A generalized 2-D super Gaussian function is proposed to characterize the
spatial response functions of both imaging grating spectrometers (e.g., OMI,
OMPS, and TROPOMI) and scanning Fourier transform spectrometers (e.g., GOSAT,
IASI, and CrIS). Synthetic OMI and IASI observations were generated to
compare the errors due to simplifying satellite fields of view (FOVs) as
polygons (tessellation error) and the errors due to discretizing the smooth
spatial response function on a finite grid (discretization error). The
balance between these two error sources depends on the target grid size, the
ground size of the FOV, and the smoothness of spatial response functions.
Explicit consideration of the spatial response function is favorable for
fine-grid oversampling and smoother spatial response. For OMI, it is
beneficial to oversample using the spatial response functions for grids finer
than ∼16 km. The generalized 2-D super Gaussian function also enables
smoothing of the level 3 results by decreasing the shape-determining
exponents, which is useful for a high noise level or sparse satellite datasets. This
physical oversampling approach is especially advantageous during smaller
temporal windows and shows substantially improved visualization of trace gas
distribution and local gradients when applied to OMI NO2 products and IASI NH3 products. There is no appreciable difference in the computational time
when using the physical oversampling versus other oversampling methods.
Possessors move through the edge, too
Authors: Jeoung Helen 
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses possessor sub-extraction in Indonesian, Javanese and Madurese, and its implications for phase-based A-bar extraction of nominals. I show that possessors may extract from their possessive DPs and occur at the left edge of the clause. I argue that the suffix that occurs on the possessum (Indonesian -nya, Javanese -ne, Madurese -Nah) is the pronunciation of the functional head D rather than a pronominal possessor or resumptive pronoun. While the extraction of verbal arguments has been well studied in Indonesian languages, possessor sub-extraction provides a novel set of data that contributes to the discussion on the relationship between voice and nominal extraction. In these languages, voice morphology on the verb must reflect extraction of a low nominal, whether a verbal argument or a possessor. This pattern shows that the functional head Voice regulates A-bar extraction of all nominals that begin in the complement of the verb: the extracted nominal undergoes successive-cyclic movement through the edge of DP, then the edge of VoiceP, before landing in its surface position in CP. This movement is marked by morphological wh-agreement in the nominal and verbal domain. Possessor extraction thus has implications for theories of nominal extraction, phases and clause structure in Indonesian-type languages.
Effect of applying saline spray on nasal health status of critically ill patients
Authors: Awad Shaimaa Ahmed 
Published: December 2018

Objective: A fundamental aspect of hygienic care in ICU is nasal care. However, providing nasal care for critically ill patients is challenging because of caring for very sick patients in a highly stressful environment results in nasal care having a lower priority for nurses than other aspects of care. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of applying saline spray on nasal health status of critically ill patients.Methods: This study was carried out in intensive care units at Emergency Hospital. Sixty patients were enrolled and divided into a study group who received saline nasal spray three times daily for seven days and a control group who received routine hospital care. Secretion load and nasal cultures were assessed before and on the 7th day of nasal care.Results: No significance difference was found between control and study groups as regards to secretion score before nasal care. On the 7th day, there was a statistically significant deterioration of the secretion score by increasing to 3 (p < .001) in the control group. However, a significant improvement was noted in the study group in comparison to the control group (p < .001). In addition, about half of the control group had proliferated Klebsiella in the first culture which continued to the second culture on the 7th day of routine nasal care while no one had proliferated Klebsiella in the studied sample following administration of normal saline spray which was highly statistically significant. Conclusions: The use of saline nasal spray is more effective than routine nasal care in reducing colonization with different bacterial species and improving secretion score.
VEILIG THUIS: multidisciplinaire aanpak van intrafamiliaal geweld en kindermishandeling onder één dak
Authors: Franck Pascale 
Published: December 2018

One Safe Place: the multidisciplinary approach of domestic violence and child abuse under one roof
The Family Justice Centers are an international model where victims of domestic violence and child abuse can find all help needed under one roof. The FJCs are a collaboration of police, justice, welfare, help centers and authorities. The main target is empowering survivors of violence.The development of the FJC-model is situated in an evolution of the approach of these forms of violence, starting with the recognition of violence against women and child abuse towards a multidisciplinary and collaborative model starting from the needs of survivors of violence. The FJC-model is explained from a field worker point of view and further developments and expected evolutions are mentioned.
Analysis of Correlation between Atmospheric Fluorescent Particles and Biomaterials
Authors: Yoon Sung Nyo , Lee Jaekyung , Kim Duckho , Yoo Hyun Sang , Min Kyung Yool , Kim Min Cheol 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bio-aerosols are important components of atmospheric aerosols, which can affect human health depending on the origin of biological particles. A real-time monitoring technology for bio-aerosols can rapidly provide information on the current state of biological particles in ambient environment, which substantially minimize the impact of hazardous biological particles. The aim of this study is to evaluate LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) technology on real-time monitoring of bio-aerosols by investigating the correlation between biomaterial concentration (cultured microbes or extracted DNA) and fluorescent particle concentration in ambient environment. For this, we used LIF instrument, BDS (Bio-aerosol Detection System), and analyzed the correlation coefficients from the collected data (the non-fluorescent particle concentration, the fluorescent particle concentration, the cultured microbial concentration, the extracted DNA concentration). Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) from this study are as follows: 0.85 (p<0.001) between the fluorescent particle concentration and the cultured microbial concentration, 0.93 (p< 0.001) between the fluorescent particle concentration and the extracted DNA concentration, while 0.42 (p<0.01) between the non-fluorescent particle concentration and the cultured microbial concentration, 0.49 (p<0.01) between the non-fluorescent particle concentration and the extracted DNA concentration. It was also found that the size range of the fluorescent particles, which exhibited the highest coefficient for the extracted DNA concentration and the cultured microbial concentration, was 2 to less than 10 micrometer (μm), and their coefficients were 0.89 (p<0.01) and 0.8 (p<0.001), respectively. These results indicate that the fluorescent particles, especially in the range of 2 to less than 10 μm, are highly correlated with bio-aerosols rather than the non-fluorescent particles. Taken together, LIF technology is great for real-time monitoring of bio-aerosols by counting fluorescent particles and resolving particle sizes at ambient atmospheric environment.