bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing depression in brain injury rehabilitation: the use of an integrated care pathway and preliminary report of response to sertraline
Authors: Turner-Stokes Lynne , Hassan Nibras , Pierce Katherine , Clegg Frances 
Published: July 2002

Aims: To use data generated from an integrated care pathway (ICP) to describe the characteristics of patients presenting with depression in a brain injury rehabilitation programme and to assess their response to treatment with sertraline. Setting: A regional rehabilitation unit providing inpatient rehabilitation for young patients (16–65) with severe complex disabilities. Design: Prospective cohort study of 82 patients admitted to the unit during the 15-month period between between 1 September 1999 and 1 December 2000. Response to sertraline was assessed in an open-label, before-andafter study design Methods and design: All admissions were screened and included in the ICP if there was clinical suspicion of depression, past or present. Anti-depressant medication was prescribed, where appropriate, according to the ICP protocol. Depression was diagnosed on clinical grounds against DSM-IV criteria, and measured where feasible using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) administered by interview, pretreatment and at 6–8 weeks. Results: Of 82 admissions 41 (50%) were managed using the ICP and 27 (64%) were either started on or changed to sertraline – 21 for depression ± lability and six for emotional lability only. All of the depressed patients improved clinically at some level and no signi”cant side-effects were observed. The BDI-II was assessable in 17/21 who showed a mean improvement of 14.5 ± 9.7 (con”dence interval (CI) 9.3–19.7, p < 0.001). Eleven patients (52%) had previously failed to respond with a different selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) agent but still made a signi”cant response when changed to sertraline with a mean reduction in BDI-II of 16.3 ± 10.9 (CI 8.4–24.11, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ICP was practical to use and provided systematic data on assessment of depression and response to treatment in ‘real-life’ clinical practice in a brain injury rehabilitation setting. Sertraline appears to be useful and well-tolerated in this context. A full placebo-controlled study is now required.
Burnout and Nurses’ Personal and Professional Values
Authors: Altun İnsaf 
Published: July 2002

The research described in this article was a descriptive study for determining the relationship between the degree of burnout experienced by nurses working in Kocaeli (Turkey), and their personal and professional values. A questionnaire was developed by using information gained from the literature on this subject and from the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaire was delivered to nurses working in two different hospitals (State Hospital of I.zmit and the Gölçük Sea Hospital) in Kocaeli. The sample group was formed from all nurses working in the two hospitals, of whom 160 participated in the study during December 1999 and January 2000. The results showed that nurses’ personal and professional values play an important role in the degree of burnout they experience. Equality, altruism and aesthetics were ranked first by those experiencing high levels of emotional exhaustion, and freedom was a priority value for those with a low degree of emotional exhaustion. Freedom, altruism and truth were ranked first by those with prominent feelings of personal accomplishment, and equality and aesthetics were priority values for those with less feeling of personal accomplishment. All nurses, therefore, need to identify and clarify their own personal values, beliefs and assumptions about basic truths.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Does Not Prevent Neurologic Sequelae after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Gilmer Benjamin , Kilkenny Jane , Tomaszewski Christian , Watts John A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDelayed neurologic sequelae occur in up to 40% of severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings. Conflicting clinical data support the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the acute treatment of CO poisoning. Objective: To determine whether oxygen therapy reduces neurologic sequelae after CO poisoning in mice. Methods: Male Swiss‐Webster mice were exposed to CO at 1,000 ppm for 40 minutes and then 50,000 ppm until loss of consciousness (LOC) (4‐9 additional minutes). Total time of both phases of CO exposure was 40‐49 minutes. Treatment included HBO with 3 atmospheres (ATA) 100% oxygen, normobaric oxygen (NBO) with 1 ATA 100% oxygen, or ambient air 15 minutes after LOC. All animals underwent passive avoidance training and memory was assessed by measuring step‐down latency (SDL) and step‐up latency (SUL) seven days following CO exposure. Results: Carbon monoxide poisoning induced significant memory deficits (SDLCO= 156 sec; SULCO= 75%) compared with nonpoisoned (NP) animals (SDLNP= 272 sec; SULNP= 100%). Both HBO and NBO did not prevent these neurologic sequelae. Furthermore, no significant neurobehavioral differences were found between HBO and NBO. Histologic examination of the CA1 layer of the hippocampus for pyknotic cells showed significant damage from CO in the air‐treated animals (9.6%) but not in the nonpoisoned animals (3.8%). No significant neuroprotection was seen histologically with NBO and HBO compared with ambient air. Conclusions: These results suggest that HBO is not effective in preventing neurologic sequelae in mice and that there is no benefit of HBO over NBO following severe CO neurotoxicity.
The Normal Difference in Bilateral Indirect Blood Pressure Recordings in Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Pesola Gene R. , Pesola Helen R. , Lin Ming , Nelson Michael J. , Westfal Richard E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract. Objective: If there is a significant dichotomy between bilateral systolic blood pressure determinations in both arms in hypertensive individuals, it is often taken as a sign of underlying pathology. The primary objective was to determine what the normal variation might be for a significant difference between blood pressures in both arms. A clinically significant difference was chosen as a systolic blood pressure value greater than 10 mm Hg between the upper extremities, as is commonly quoted at the bedside and in the literature. Methods: Bilateral indirect blood pressure determinations were obtained in 100 subjects with hypertension in the sitting position. The blood pressure was obtained by two observers, one the recorder and the other who obtained the blood pressure but was blinded to the actual values taken. The order of blood pressure determination in the first arm was determined prior to the study from a table of random numbers. The coefficient of variation in obtaining the blood pressure in each arm was determined in 5 of the 100 subjects. The age, sex, and handedness of each individual were recorded as demographic variables. Results: The average left and right systolic blood pressures were 139 ± 22 and 141 ± 22 mm Hg, respectively. The average left and right diastolic blood pressures were 78 ± 12 and 79 ± 13 mm Hg, respectively. There was no significant difference between left minus right systolic or diastolic differences (paired t‐test). There was no significant difference between systolic or diastolic blood pressures between gender or between left‐ and right‐handed individuals (nonpaired t‐test). The average coefficients of variation for taking right and left arm systolic pressures were 2.90% and 1.32%, respectively. Eighteen subjects (18%) had differences in systolic blood pressure between both arms exceeding 10 mm Hg (10% to 26%, 95% confidence interval). Conclusions: Differences of more than 10 mm Hg in indirect systolic blood pressure recordings between arms are frequent in asymptomatic hypertensive individuals and do not per se indicate any pathologic condition. In the right clinical situation, differences that are noted should be repeated and should be added to the total clinical picture when used to determine whether a pathologic condition is present. Assuming no significant aortic or subclavian disease in the population tested, the specificity of the bilateral blood pressure test was 82%.
Giant Polyketide Synthases Biosynthesize a Marine Polyether Biotoxin
Authors: Teufel Robin , Müller Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrymnesin toxins were probably the direct cause of the environmental catastrophe in the Oder river in 2022. They belong to the so‐called ladder polyethers, which are among the most toxic non‐proteinogenic substances and have caused a whole series of food poisoning in humans and numerous other incidents of fish deaths. Despite massive efforts, the enzymatic machinery has remained enigmatic. In a recent study, researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the University of California, San Diego, have uncovered the initial mechanisms by which algae produce these toxins. Crucial to the breakthrough was the methodological advance in sequencing and assembly that allowed the identification and analysis of the largest polyketide synthase (PKS) known to date, named PKZILLA‐1 and PKZILLA‐2, which enabled, among other things, the confirmation and elucidation of stereocenters. Thus, further investigations into the biosynthesis and other aspects of these highly toxic substances are made possible, which could perhaps make these ′biblical plagues′ predictable.
IrPdCuFeNiCoMo Based Core‐Shell Icosahedron Nanocrystals and Nanocages for Efficient and Robust Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Long Mairui , Lai Siyuan , Miao Kanghua , Jiang Wendan , Fan Wei , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFacets engineering of high entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals might be achieved via shape‐controlled synthesis, which is promising but remains challenging in designing Ir‐based catalysts towards efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic medium. Herein, icosahedra nanocrystals featured with PdCu core and IrPdCuFeNiCoMo shell were prepared by wet‐chemical reduction in one‐pot, ascribing to the initial formation PdCu core and subsequent deposition and diffusion of IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA shell. Sequential selective chemical etching of PdCu core results in IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA nanocages, delivering an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm−2, 51.0 mV dec−1, and 1624 A gIr−1 at 1.50 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in a conventional three electrode cell. In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, it delivers a low cell voltage of 1.65 and 1.77 V at a current density of 1.0 and 2.0 A cm−2, respectively, and maintains stable over 900 h at 500 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations attribute the enhanced intrinsic activity to the broad distribution of the binding energy for OER intermediates on IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA, which breaks the linear scaling relationship and accelerates the OER process.
Self‐Assembly and Biological Properties of Highly Fluorinated Oligonucleotide Amphiphiles
Authors: Laurent Quentin , Bona Beatrice L. , Asohan Jathavan , Rosati Marta , Faiad Sinan , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNucleic acids, used as therapeutics to silence disease‐related genes, offer significant advantages over small molecule drugs: they provide high specificity, the ability to target “undruggable” molecules, and adaptability to a wide range of disease phenotypes. However, their instability in biological media, as well their rapid clearance from the organism limit their applicability, necessitating the use of nanocarriers to overcome these challenges. Among these strategies, spherical nucleic acids (SNA)—composed of a densely packed corona of oligonucleotides around a nanoparticle—have emerged as a powerful tool, in particular when self‐assembled from DNA amphiphiles. This non‐covalent strategy however has caveats, especially when it comes to stability in complex biological media, where these SNAs disassemble in contact to serum proteins. Here, we developed highly fluorinated DNA amphiphiles that readily self‐assemble into SNAs and have tunable stability profiles in biological media. They are made of branched fluorinated moieties with potentially improved biodegradability as compared to their linear counterparts. Depending on the number of fluorophilic interactions, the self‐assembled SNAs can have excellent serum stabilities—up to days—and readily deliver nucleic acid therapeutics for gene silencing applications. These systems show great potential as promising candidates for nucleic acid‐based therapies.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Antiaromatic Donor/Acceptor‐Fused s‐Indacenes
Authors: Demachkie Isabella S. , Miller Michael P. , Warren Gabrielle I. , Barker Joshua E. , Strand Eric T. , Zakharov Lev N. , Haley Michael M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis and characterization of four donor/acceptor‐fused s‐indacenes via the late‐stage oxidation of a family of unsymmetrical benzofuran/benzothiophene‐s‐indacene regioisomers. A thorough study of their properties through experimental and computational analysis has revealed the effect of asymmetry on the molecular properties associated with antiaromaticity, as well as a strong correlation between antiaromaticity and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The strength of the charge transfer depends on the fusion orientation of the donor and acceptor motifs relative to the s‐indacene core. The two most antiaromatic oxidized isomers exhibit strong evidence of ICT with 30 and 40 nm solvatochromic shifts.
Nitrogen‐Rich Conjugated Macrocycles: Synthesis, Conductivity, and Application in Electrochemical CO2 Capture
Authors: Le Phuong H. , Liu Andong , Zasada Leo B. , Geary Jackson , Kamin Ashlyn A. , Rollins Devin S. , Nguyen Hao A. , Hill Audrey M. , Liu Yayuan , Xiao Dianne J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHere we report a series of nitrogen‐rich conjugated macrocycles that mimic the structure and function of semiconducting 2D metal–organic and covalent organic frameworks while providing greater solution processability and surface tunability. Using a new tetraaminotriphenylene building block that is compatible with both coordination chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry reactions, we have synthesized two distinct macrocyclic cores containing Ni−N and phenazine‐based linkages, respectively. The fully conjugated macrocycle cores support strong interlayer stacking and accessible nanochannels. For the metal–organic macrocycles, good out‐of‐plane charge transport is preserved, with pressed pellet conductivities of 10−3 S/cm for the nickel variants. Finally, using electrochemically mediated CO2 capture as an example, we illustrate how colloidal phenazine‐based organic macrocycles improve electrical contact and active site electrochemical accessibility relative to bulk covalent organic framework powders. Together, these results highlight how simple macrocycles can enable new synthetic directions as well as new applications by combining the properties of crystalline porous frameworks, the processability of nanomaterials, and the precision of molecular synthesis.
Exploration of the Mechanism of Guaijaverin in Inhibiting Pancreatic Lipase Based on Multispectral Method, Molecular Docking, and Oral Lipid Tolerance Test in Rats
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Jia Kaijie , Li Hong , Liu Shujun , Wang Yang , Tian Jinlong , Zhao Xin , Zhao Pan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the action mechanism of guaijaverin on pancreatic lipase from multiple perspectives and provide a theoretical basis for the search for new pancreatic lipase inhibitors. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase by guaijaverin was investigated through enzyme inhibition activity experiments, and the IC50 was calculated to determine the type of inhibition of guaijaverin. The mechanism of action was studied by measuring fluorescence, ultraviolet spectra, and circular dichroism. Molecular docking technology was used to explore the binding situation. In addition, in vivo oral lipid tolerance tests in rats were carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of guaijaverin on pancreatic lipase. Guaijaverin inhibited pancreatic lipase up to 90.63%, confirming its excellent inhibitory ability. The inhibition type was noncompetitive inhibition in reversible inhibition. The multispectral experiments indicated that its quenching type was static quenching and guaijaverin changed the microenvironment and spatial conformation of pancreatic lipase. The molecular docking results showed that the minimum binding energy between the two compounds was −6.96 kcal/mol. In vivo experiments demonstrated that guaijaverin inhibits pancreatic lipase by reducing TG uptake in the body. Guaijaverin has excellent inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and has the potential to function as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor.
One‐pot synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety from Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates of isatins and paraformaldehyde
Authors: Lee Junseong , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing α‐metylene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety has been carried out by the reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates of isatins and paraformaldehyde in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in refluxing 1,2‐dichloroethane in moderate yields. The reaction proceeded via (i) the formation of resonance‐stabilized N‐ylide from DBU and the MBH carbonate of isatin, (ii) a selective γ‐attack of N‐ylide to formaldehyde, (iii) lactonization to liberate methoxide ion, (iv) addition of methoxide ion to the iminium part of DBU, (v) intramolecular hydride transfer via a six‐membered transition state, and finally (vi) elimination of DBU.
Brain Reactivity and Vulnerability to Social Feedback Following Acute Stress in Early Adolescence
Authors: Celen Zeynep , Murray Ryan J. , Smith Mariana Magnus , Jouabli Sondes , Ivanova Vladimira , Pham Eleonore , Schilliger Zoe , Vuilleumier Patrik , Merglen Arnaud , Klauser Paul , Piguet Camille 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEarly adolescence is a time of high psychosocial stress exposure and high stress reactivity, associated with the development of mental disorders. Understanding how the brain reacts to acute and social stressors during this period might help us detect and protect those at risk.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate acute social stress reactivity in non‐clinical adolescents between ages 13 and 15 years (N = 61) with a range of depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory scores 0–32). Participants underwent a modified Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) with psychosocial stress condition consisting of two parts: acute stress (challenging maths) followed by social feedback (positive or negative), separated by brief recovery periods. The test condition was compared to a non‐stressful control. We examined brain responses to social feedback relative to the acute stressor and feedback valence.ResultsPsychosocial stress produced differential activation in the paracingulate gyrus, insula, and deactivation in the ventral striatum. Receiving social feedback, compared to acute stress, activated cortical midline regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Positive feedback increased activity in frontal pole and middle frontal gyrus whereas negative feedback did not show any differential response in the whole group. However, participants with depressive symptoms reacted with higher activation in the posterior cingulate cortex to negative feedback.ConclusionWe show that social feedback after an acute stressor activates regions involved in self‐referential processing, with positive feedback eliciting generally higher activation and negative feedback impacting only individuals with vulnerable mood traits during early adolescence.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Naphthalimide‐Polyamine Conjugate as a Potential Anti‐Colorectal Cancer Agent
Authors: Dai Fujun , Cao Yue , Zhu Chenguang , Li Yibing , Ma Xiaoxuan , Wang Senzhen , Liu Haizhen , Xie Xiaoya , Gao Lei , Wang Yanming , Wang Chaojie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, with a rising incidence, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutics. In this study, we developed several polyamine conjugates. Compound 6 (C6) was selected as the lead compound and was evaluated for anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments showed that C6 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells while inducing apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagosome formation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy weakened C6‐induced apoptosis and gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis. Inactivation of caspase 3 activity by AC‐DEVD‐CHO decreased the levels of N‐terminal GSDME induced by C6. Furthermore, animal models exhibited suppressed tumor growth and dissemination after treatment with C6. Taken together, our findings highlight C6 as a potential drug against colorectal cancer.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Coumarin Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Authors: Pu Jiangping , Ren Xingyu , Tuerhong Adalat , Lei Dongyu , Sun Pengzhi , Yan Sichang , Jin Lu , Pan Le 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been developed to the fastest growing family of fungicides. To develop novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors, 27 novel non‐amides coumarin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The bioassay revealed that most of the target compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea in vitro. Notably, compounds 1a and 2c with EC50 values of 0.92 and 0.52 µg/mL, respectively, which were better than that of positive control chlorothalonil (EC50 = 3.14 µg/mL). Moreover, in vivo antifungal assay results showed that compound 2c could observably inhibit the growth of B. cinerea on Kuerla pears with remarkable protective at a dosage of 200 µg/mL. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation indicated that compound 2c significantly damaged the cell structures of B. cinerea mycelium. Three‐dimensional quantitative structure—activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) models were analyzed for structure—activity relationships of all target compounds. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that compound 2c was able to bind closely to the receptor protein of SDH. Enzyme activity analysis also further verified its inhibitory effect. These results demonstrated that compound 2c may be potential candidate for novel SDH inhibitors, and these results afforded further valuable reference for SDHIs discovery.