bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain microRNAs among social and solitary bees
Authors: Kapheim Karen M. , Jones Beryl M. , Søvik Eirik , Stolle Eckart , Waterhouse Robert M. , Bloch Guy , Ben-Shahar Yehuda 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEvolutionary transitions to a social lifestyle in insects are associated with lineage-specific changes in gene expression, but the key nodes that drive these regulatory changes are unknown. We examined the relationship between social organization and lineage-specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Genome scans across 12 bee species showed that miRNA copy-number is mostly conserved and not associated with sociality. However, deep sequencing of small RNAs in six bee species revealed a substantial proportion (20-35%) of detected miRNAs had lineage-specific expression in the brain, 24-72% of which did not have homologs in other species. Lineage-specific miRNAs disproportionately target lineage-specific genes, and have lower expression levels than shared miRNAs. The predicted targets of lineage-specific miRNAs are not enriched for genes with caste-biased expression or genes under positive selection in social species. Together, these results suggest that novel miRNAs may coevolve with novel genes, and thus contribute to lineage-specific patterns of evolution in bees, but do not appear to have significant influence on social evolution. Our analyses also support the hypothesis that many new miRNAs are purged by selection due to deleterious effects on mRNA targets, and suggest genome structure is not as influential in regulating bee miRNA evolution as has been shown for mammalian miRNAs.
Relating Global and Local Connectome Changes to Dementia and Targeted Gene Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Elsheikh Samar S. M. , Chimusa Emile R. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Mulder Nicola J. , Crimi Alessandro 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTNetworks are present in many aspects of our lives, and networks in neuroscience have recently gained much attention leading to novel representations of brain connectivity. The integration of neuroimaging characteristics and genetics data allows a better understanding of the effects of the genetic variations on brain structural and functional connections. The current work uses whole-brain tractography in a longitudinal setting, and by measuring the brain structural connectivity changes studies the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease. This is accomplished by examining the effect of targeted genetic risk factors on the most common local and global brain connectivity measures. Furthermore, we examined the extent to which Clinical Dementia Rating relates to brain connections longitudinally, as well as to gene expression. Here we show that the expression of PLAU gene increases the change over time in betweenness centrality related to the fusiform gyrus. We also show that the betweenness centrality metric impact dementia-related changes in distinct brain regions. Our findings provide insights into the complex longitudinal interplay between genetics and brain characteristics and highlight the role of Alzheimer’s genetic risk factors in the estimation of regional brain connectivity alterations.
Progressive alignment with Cactus: a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era
Authors: Armstrong Joel , Hickey Glenn , Diekhans Mark , Deran Alden , Fang Qi , Xie Duo , Feng Shaohong , Stiller Josefin , Genereux Diane , Johnson Jeremy , Marinescu Voichita Dana , Haussler David , Alföldi Jessica , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Karlsson Elinor , Jarvis Erich D. , Zhang Guojie , Paten Benedict 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCactus, a reference-free multiple genome alignment program, has been shown to be highly accurate, but the existing implementation scales poorly with increasing numbers of genomes, and struggles in regions of highly duplicated sequence. We describe progressive extensions to Cactus that enable reference-free alignment of tens to thousands of large vertebrate genomes while maintaining high alignment quality. We show that Cactus is capable of scaling to hundreds of genomes and beyond by describing results from an alignment of over 600 amniote genomes, which is to our knowledge the largest multiple vertebrate genome alignment yet created. Further, we show improvements in orthology resolution leading to downstream improvements in annotation.
Does microbiome-associated disease affect the inter-subject heterogeneity of human microbiome?
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Li Lianwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpace is a critical and also challenging frontier in human microbiome research. It has been argued that lack of consideration of scales beyond individual and ignoring of microbe dispersal are two crucial roadblocks in preventing deep understanding of the heterogeneity of human microbiome. Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution (dispersal) of microbes explicitly are particularly challenging, but implicit approaches such as Taylor’s power law (TPL) can still be effective and offer significant insights into the heterogeneity in abundance and distribution of human microbiomes. Here, we investigate the relationship between human microbiome-associated diseases (MADs) and the inter-subject microbiome heterogeneity, or heterogeneity-disease relationship (HDR), by harnessing the power of TPL extensions and by analyzing a big dataset of 25 MAD studies covering all five major microbiome habitats and majority of the high-profile MADs including obesity and diabetes. Our HDR analysis revealed that in approximately 10%-17% of the cases, disease effects were significant—the healthy and diseased cohorts exhibited statistically significant differences. In majority of the MAD cases, the microbiome was sufficiently resilient to endure the disturbances of MADs. Furthermore, comparative analysis with traditional DDR (diversity-disease relationship) results is presented. We postulate that HDR reveals evolutionary characteristics because it utilizes the TPL parameter that implicitly characterizes spatial behavior (dispersion), which is primarily shaped by microbe-host co-evolution and is more robust against disturbances including diseases, while diversity in DDR analysis is primarily an ecological-scale characteristic and is less robust against diseases. Nevertheless, both HDR and DDR cross-verified remarkable resilience of human microbiomes against MADs.ImportanceIt has been argued that lack of consideration of scales beyond individual and ignoring of microbe dispersal are two crucial roadblocks in preventing deep understanding of the heterogeneity of human microbiome. Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution (dispersal) of microbes explicitly are particularly challenging, but implicit approaches such as Taylor’s power law (TPL) can still be effective. Here, we investigate the relationship between human microbiome-associated diseases (MADs) and the inter-subject microbiome heterogeneity, or heterogeneity-disease relationship (HDR), by harnessing the power of TPL extensions and by analyzing a big dataset of 25 MAD studies covering all five major microbiome habitats and majority of the high-profile MADs including obesity and diabetes. We postulate that HDR reveals evolutionary characteristics because it utilizes the TPL parameter that implicitly characterizes spatial behavior (dispersion), which is primarily shaped by microbe-host co-evolution and is more robust against disturbances including diseases than the traditional diversity-disease relationship (DDR).
Predator prey and the third beneficiary
Authors: Pund Anagha , Holkar Ketki , Watve Milind , Baig Ulfat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll bacterial epibiotic predators are rich in secondary metabolites and most genera rich in secondary metabolites have demonstrable predatory abilities. Therefore it is likely that an antibiotic resistant and thereby predation resistant species may benefit not only by escaping predation but also by utilizing nutrients released by lysis of prey cells by predatory bacteria. The resistant organisms may enjoy greater fitness benefits than the predator since they get the benefit without investing in the predation machinery. In our experiment, a marine isolate of Streptomyces atrovirens showed good predatory activity on a range of species including Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. Escherichia coli was resistant to predation by this species. On slide culture with water agar when the predator, S. aureus and E. coli were grown together S. aureus population declined whereas the predation resistant E. coli increased their population as compared to controls. However the growth of E. coli did not affect growth of the predator unfavorably. This strengthens the possibility that evolution of antibiotic resistance not only gave a selective advantage of escaping predation, it also would have increased the fitness of the resistant organism by promoting growth on nutrients released from the prey cells lysed by the predator. When the predator was grown with S. aureus and P. vulgaris as prey, S. aureus declined rapidly whereas P. vulgaris was spared. This suggests that the predator appears to show preference towards prey and in that case even a partial or relative resistance may give substantial advantage to a population.
Engineered cartilage from human chondrocytes with homozygous knockout of cell cycle inhibitor p21
Authors: D’Costa Susan , Rich Matthew J. , Diekman Brian O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRisk factors for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) include genetic background and focal cartilage injury. The search for disease-modifying OA therapies would benefit from a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and the barriers to cartilage regeneration. One goal of this study was to establish a system for producing engineered cartilage tissue from genetically-defined primary human chondrocytes through genome editing and single-cell expansion. This process was utilized to investigate the functional effect of bi-allelic knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) CRISPR/Cas9 complexes targeting two sites in the coding region of p21 resulted in a high frequency (16%) of colonies with homozygous p21 knockout. Chondrogenic pellet cultures from expanded chondrocytes with complete loss of p21 produced more glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and maintained a higher cell number. Single-cell derived colonies retained the potential for robust matrix production after expansion, allowing for analysis of colony variability from the same population of targeted cells. The effect of enhanced cartilage matrix production in p21 knockout chondrocytes persisted when matrix production from individual colonies was analyzed. Chondrocytes had lower levels of p21 protein with further expansion, and the difference in GAG production with p21 knockout was strongest at early passages. These results support previous findings that implicate p21 as a barrier to cartilage matrix production and regenerative capacity. Further, this work establishes the use of genome-edited human chondrocytes as a promising approach for engineered tissue models containing user-defined gene knockouts and other genetic variants for investigation of OA pathogenesis.
Effect of thermal aging on IGC of cold worked Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Shukla Sourabh , Patil Awanikumar P. , Bansod Ankur 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of prior cold work after annealing and thermal ageing on intergranular corrosion or sensitization of Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is necessary. Such a study is particularly important because ASS are mostly used and welded in mill-annealed condition, which is equivalent to fully annealed material with some cold worked (CW).Design/methodology/approachThe effect of 15% CW of 202 ASS were investigated using microstructural (optical microscope), mechanical (grain size and hardness) and electrochemical methods (double loop electrochemical reactivation [DLEPR]) followed by thermal ageing (800°C, 900°C and 1000°C).FindingsX-ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of martensite in CW samples. The increase in martensite formation (800°C and 900°C) can be observed with the variation of thermal ageing (TA) duration (1, 2 and 3 h). However, there was decreased in the formation of martensite at the temperature of 1000°C because of martensitic reversal. The DLEPR test result shows higher degree of sensitization (DOS) for 800°C and 900°C but for 1000°C, there was re-homogenization of samples which leads to lower DOS (thermal ageing for 1, 2 and 3 h).Originality/valueFor 300 series steel, there are various literature available for the effect of cold work on mechanical properties and DOS. However, no one has investigated the effect of cold work and thermal ageing on the sensitization of 202 Cr-Mn ASS.
Study on the corrosion mechanism of the oxide scale on hot rolled steel in an atmospheric environment
Authors: Cai Jiaxing , Cheng Xuequn , Zhao Baijie , Chen Linheng , Fan Yi , Dai Qinqin , Ma Hongchi , Li Xiaogang 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the process of failure of scale and the corrosion resistance of scale to the substrate in an atmospheric environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion behaviour of X65 pipeline steel with different types of oxide scale was analysed using the natural environment exposure corrosion test, scanning electron microscopy analysis, electrochemical corrosion polarization curve test and other methods in a warehouse environment.

Findings
The results of this research show that one type of oxide scale, which is rough, has an uneven microstructure, and exhibits weak adhesion to the matrix, does not protect the substrate from corrosion. Conversely, the uniform, dense oxide scale, which exhibits strong adhesion to the matrix, provides effective protection to the steel. However, as the corrosion develops, the corrosion rate of the substrate tends to accelerate, especially when the structure of the oxide scale is damaged to a certain extent.

Originality/value
The corrosion mechanism of the oxide scale on hot rolled steel in an atmospheric environment has been proposed.
Fashion and social networking: a motivations framework
Authors: Nelson Dorothy Wu , Moore Marguerite M. , Swanson Kristen K. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to add to the literature concerning potential motivations that drive social networking sites (SNS) for fashion-related behaviors among millennial consumers using a Uses and Gratifications (U&G) perspective. Four SNS platforms – Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter – were examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The study presents a mixed-methods approach to develop and test a motivations framework among millennial consumers that will lead to practical understanding of both the existence of and impact of different motivations for engaging in SNS.

Findings
Unique motivations appear to drive use of the four examined platforms. Results indicate that a broad set of common motivations for SNS use among millennial consumers who exhibit an interest in fashion can be determined. Further, the results indicate significant differences among motivations within the respective platform types. Lastly, the results reveal common factors among three or more SNS platforms: “Fashion,” “Connection,” “Following” and “Pictures.” The ‘Entertainment’ factor was common among two SNS platforms.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations of the study are the limited sample and SNS selection. A broader representation of the millennial consumer behaviors would provide a more comprehensive picture of the motivations for using SNS platforms.

Practical implications
The study provides useful information for fashion marketers and researchers who can benefit from an updated understanding of SNS behaviors.

Originality/value
The study provides a relevant contribution to SNS research as well as understanding of millennial consumers. Additionally, it adds contribution to the U&G theory concerning new media platforms. It also delivers a replicable research design for other SNS platforms.
Fit perceptions, work engagement, satisfaction and commitment
Authors: Rayton Bruce , Yalabik Zeynep Y. , Rapti Andriana 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between fit (organization and job) perceptions and work engagement (WE).Design/methodology/approachThe authors deployed a two-wave survey among 377 clerical employees of the specialist lending division of a large UK bank, with the waves separated by 12 months.FindingsThe results show a positive relationship between person organization (PO) and person job (PJ) fit perceptions (at Time 1) and WE (at Time 2). Job satisfaction (JS) and affective commitment (AC) dual-mediate these relationships. The effect of PO fit on WE manifests primarily via AC, while the effect of PJ fit manifests primarily via JS.Practical implicationsThe study indicates that organizations should consider the fit of employees to their jobs and the organization when designing interventions intended to increase WE. Also, potential synergies exist between organizational interventions designed to influence employee attitudes focused on similar units of analysis: e.g., PJ fit with JS or PO fit with AC.Originality/valueThis study provides the first investigation of the dual-mediation, via JS and AC, of the effects of both PJ and PO fit on WE. Furthermore, the use of a time-lagged design strengthens the evidence for the novel hypotheses of this study and enables verification of findings in the extant literature.
Resurgent Remain and a Rebooted Revolt on the Right: Exploring the 2019 European Parliament Elections in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cutts David , Goodwin Matthew , Heath Oliver , Milazzo Caitlin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 2019 European Parliament (EP) election took place against the backdrop of the vote for Brexit and the failure of Parliament to agree on a withdrawal agreement. Nigel Farage’s new Brexit Party topped the poll and the pro‐Remain Liberal Democrats, which called for a second referendum on EU membership, returned from electoral obscurity to take second place, while other pro‐Remain parties similarly performed well. In sharp contrast, the two main parties, Labour and the Conservatives, recorded their lowest combined vote share since they became the main representatives of the two‐party system. In this article, we draw on aggregate‐level data to explore what happened at the 2019 EP election in Great Britain. Our evidence suggests Labour suffered from a ‘pincer movement’, losing support in its mainly white, working class ‘left behind’ heartlands but also in younger cosmopolitan areas where Labour had polled strongly at the 2017 general election. Support for the new Brexit Party increased more significantly in ‘left behind’ communities, which had given strong support to Leave at the 2016 referendum, suggesting that national populists capitalised on Labour’s woes. The Conservatives haemorrhaged support in affluent, older retirement areas but largely at the expense of the resurgent Liberal Democrats, with the latter surging in Remain areas and where the Conservatives are traditionally strong, though not in areas with younger electorates where the party made so much ground prior to the 2010–2015 coalition government. Lastly, turnout increased overall compared with 2014, but individuals living in Leave areas were less motivated to vote. Overall, our findings suggest that those living in Remain areas were more driven to express their discontent with the Brexit process and more inclined to support parties that offer a second referendum on Britain’s EU membership.
The impact of skeletal muscle abnormalities on tolerance to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation and outcome in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Ganju Rohit Gunan , TenNapel Mindi , Spoozak Lori , Chen Allen M , Hoover Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSkeletal muscle abnormalities, such as low skeletal muscle mass, measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI), and low skeletal muscle quality, measured by skeletal muscle density (SMD), are associated with poor prognosis in cancer. There has been little investigation of their impact on tolerance to radiation therapy and overall outcome in gynaecologic cancers. We examined the effect of low SMI and SMD on treatment tolerance and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer receiving pelvic radiation.MethodsStage IB‐IVA patients with endometrial cancer treated at one institution between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. All patients received hysterectomy and pelvic radiation. SMI was based on the cross‐sectional area of skeletal muscle at the L3 vertebral body. SMD was expressed as the mean radiation attenuation in Hounsfield units (HUs) at the same vertebral level.ResultsSixty‐four patients met criteria for analysis. Forty‐four per cent had low SMI (<41 cm2/m2), 80% had low SMD (mean < 33 HU if BMI> 25 and mean < 41 HU if BMI < 25), and 33% had both. Patients with both features were less likely to complete planned chemotherapy (p = 0.01); this was consistent on multivariate analysis. Radiation treatments were well‐tolerated regardless of SMI or SMD. On survival analysis, having both low SMI and low SMD was associated with poorer outcomes compared with having either individual factor (p = 0.04).ConclusionLarge percentages of patients with endometrial cancer have low skeletal muscle mass and density. Low skeletal muscle measures predict for poor tolerance to chemotherapy in this patient population. Compliance with adjuvant radiation is high, regardless of SMI and SMD.
The conserved histone chaperone LIN‐53 is required for normal lifespan and maintenance of muscle integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Müthel Stefanie , Uyar Bora , He Mei , Krause Anne , Vitrinel Burcu , Bulut Selman , Vasiljevic Djordje , Marchal Iris , Kempa Stefan , Akalin Altuna , Tursun Baris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhether extension of lifespan provides an extended time without health deteriorations is an important issue for human aging. However, to which degree lifespan and aspects of healthspan regulation might be linked is not well understood. Chromatin factors could be involved in linking both aging aspects, as epigenetic mechanisms bridge regulation of different biological processes. The epigenetic factor LIN‐53 (RBBP4/7) associates with different chromatin‐regulating complexes to safeguard cell identities in Caenorhabditis elegans as well as mammals, and has a role in preventing memory loss and premature aging in humans. We show that LIN‐53 interacts with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in C. elegans muscles to ensure functional muscles during postembryonic development and in adults. While mutants for other NuRD members show a normal lifespan, animals lacking LIN‐53 die early because LIN‐53 depletion affects also the histone deacetylase complex Sin3, which is required for a normal lifespan. To determine why lin‐53 and sin‐3 mutants die early, we performed transcriptome and metabolomic analysis revealing that levels of the disaccharide trehalose are significantly decreased in both mutants. As trehalose is required for normal lifespan in C. elegans, lin‐53 and sin‐3 mutants could be rescued by either feeding with trehalose or increasing trehalose levels via the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that LIN‐53 is required for maintaining lifespan and muscle integrity through discrete chromatin regulatory mechanisms. Since both LIN‐53 and its mammalian homologs safeguard cell identities, it is conceivable that its implication in lifespan regulation is also evolutionarily conserved.