bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian conservation in management of pediatric gynecology malignancies
Authors: Stambough Kathryn , Childress Krista J. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to outline ovarian conservation and fertility sparing surgery (FSS) in the management of the most common pediatric gynecology malignancies.

Recent findings
Management of gynecologic malignancies has evolved to have a greater appreciation for adverse late effects from radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. A growing body of literature has led to a paradigm shift toward ovarian conservation and FSS in the management of pediatric ovarian malignancies and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The role of minimally invasive surgery is still being explored but guidelines support this approach as a viable option for early stage ovarian cancers when performed by skilled surgeons. Research continues to address settings in which adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer can be avoided. Treatment for genitourinary RMS has transitioned from radical surgery to a conservative multimodal approach with FSS, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted radiation.

Summary
FSS and ovarian conservation are emerging concepts in the management of gynecologic malignancies in young women. Conservative surgical approaches and avoidance of gonadotoxic chemotherapy and radiation to minimize acute and long-term complications while maintaining efficacy are important considerations. Fertility preservation techniques continue to evolve and offer young women the opportunity for future fertility and preservation of ovarian function.
Cervical Adenoid Basal Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Features of 9 Cases With Reference to CK17 and Ki-67 Expression
Authors: Liang Yun , Lü Bingjian , Zhou Caiyun 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aims of this study were to clarify the histological features of adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) and determine whether cytokeratin 17 (CK17) and Ki-67 can facilitate the differential diagnosis of ABC from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Materials and Methods
Nine cases of pure ABC were collected from the files of the Division of Pathology at the Zhejiang University Hospital Women's School of Medicine. For comparison, 20 cases of moderately to poorly differentiated cervical SCC, including 2 of basaloid SCC, were also retrieved from the same period. Blocks were recut, reread, and immunostained for CK17 and Ki-67.

Results
Morphologically, ABCs were mainly composed of small basaloid cell nests and variable squamous differentiation foci. For immunohistochemical staining, 1 of 9 cases showed diffuse CK17 staining, 5 of 9 showed focal positive staining, and 3 of 9 showed negative staining in the basaloid cell area of ABC, whereas no CK17 expression was found in ABC squamous foci. Eighteen of the 20 invasive SCCs showed diffuse CK17 staining, and 2 showed focal staining. The Ki-67 proliferative index varied in different ABC areas, with a relatively high index in squamous differentiation foci and a low index in basaloid cell areas. In contrast, Ki-67 staining was unevenly intense in SCC.

Conclusions
Adenoid basal carcinoma had characteristic morphological features, and the differential diagnosis of ABC from SCC is usually simple, based on morphology. In select cases, when histological findings are equivocal, the loss of CK17 expression in the squamous differentiation area, and a lower Ki-67 index in basal cell foci support ABC diagnosis.
Osteoporotic Fracture Risk and Health Care Burden in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Patel Arpan , Silverman Stuart , Baghdadi Jonathan , Shah Omer , Sundaram Vinay 
Published: August 2018

Background and Aims:
Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture as well as inpatient utilization and mortality have not been thoroughly studied in patients with cirrhosis. We analyzed data from a national database to determine fracture risk in patients with cirrhosis, specific risk factors, and the effect of fractures on health care utilization.

Methods:
We performed an observational study using serial cross-sectional data to examine fracture-related hospitalizations of patients with cirrhosis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2013. We collected data on fracture-related hospitalizations and utilization in the form of length of stay (LOS), total hospital costs, and inpatient mortality. We used multivariate regression to determine risk factors for fracture and fracture-related mortality.

Results:
Patients with cirrhosis and an osteoporotic fracture had a mean LOS of 10.4 days and incurred $26,582 per hospitalization, which were statistically different from noncirrhotic patients with fracture (LOS: 6.60 d, cost: $17,918) and cirrhotic patients without fracture (LOS: 7.84 d, $18,912). Malnutrition was associated with increased odds of fracture [odds ratio (OR), 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.39] and inpatient mortality (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.76). Obesity was protective against both fracture (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.85) and fracture-related mortality (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.59-1.14).

Conclusions:
Hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures in patients with cirrhosis are a significant source of health care burden and mortality. More attention should be paid to screening patients with cirrhosis for low bone mass. Malnutrition is associated with increased fracture risk and fracture-related mortality, representing a modifiable risk factor worthy of addressing in patients with cirrhosis.
Taking Lemons and Making Lemonade
Authors: Molinaro Monica L. , Fletcher Paula C. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of the perceived long-term effects of pediatric cancer on adult survivors and whether these effects had bearing on their primary support persons.Design:This work was guided by van Manen’s “new” interpretive phenomenology.Methods:Ten survivors of pediatric cancer (aged 21–28 years) and 9 of their support persons (aged 23–73 years) were recruited. Background questionnaires were administered, and interviews were conducted. Field notes were collected, and member checks were administered for data credibility.Results:A total of 4 themes emerged from this work; however, only the theme discussing posttraumatic growth will be discussed. Posttraumatic growth manifested in different ways, such as motivation for career or schooling choices, doing charity work, working with cancer organizations, or mentoring children undergoing pediatric cancer treatment.Conclusions:This work may provide comfort to other individuals with pediatric cancer knowing that they are not alone in their journeys. Healthcare providers should attempt to make pediatric cancer experiences as “normal” as possible for patients and their families and observe for signs of stress in their patients. As well, it is important for the pediatric cancer literature to illustrate that young adult survivors of pediatric cancer find positive outcomes in their experiences.
Multiple Heterotopic Ossification of the Intestine Detected by 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in a Patient With Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ruiguo , Dong Feng , Meng Zhaowei , Tan Jian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is a rare phenomenon that refers to formation of bone outside the skeletal system. We present a 61-year-old woman who suffered from peritoneal cancer surgery 2 years ago, referred for 99mTc-MDP bone scan because of higher serum CA-125 level, which showed multiple intense tracer activities in her abdominal and pelvic region without other abnormalities. SPECT/CT revealed the activities were loaded in the intestine but not in the bone. A wait-and-see policy was adopted because of no abdominal discomfort. After 1-year follow-up, another bone scintigraphy showed the tracer uptake was significantly decreased.
A Phantom System Designed to Assess the Effects of Membrane Lipids on Water Proton Relaxation
Authors: Shtangel Oshrat , Mezer Aviv A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) provides a method for the non-invasive study of brain structure and associated changes, expressed in physical units. qMRI parameters have been shown to reflect brain tissue composition such as myelin. Nevertheless, it remains a major challenge to identify and quantify the contributions of specific molecular components to the MRI signal. Here, we describe a phantom system that can be used to evaluate the contribution of human brain lipids to qMRI parameters.MethodsA thin layer evaporation-hydration technique was used to formulate liposomes that mimic the physiological bi-layered membrane lipid environment. We then applied quantitative clinical MRI techniques with adjusted bias corrections in order to test the ability of the phantom system to estimate multiple qMRI parameters such as proton density (PD), T1, T2, T2* and magnetization transfer (MT).ResultsThe results indicated that phantoms composed of various lipids could provide a stable and reliable estimation of qMRI parameters. In addition, the calculated water fraction (WF) maps for the phantoms were found to accurately represent the true WF volumes.ConclusionWe have successfully created a biologically relevant liposome phantom system whose lipid composition can be fully controlled. This system can be used to measure the contributions of lipids to qMRI parameters under conditions that are relevant to in-vivo human scans.
Real-time analysis of the diphtheria outbreak in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Bangladesh
Authors: Finger Flavio , Funk Sebastian , White Kate , Siddiqui Ruby , Edmunds W John , Kucharski Adam J 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundBetween August and December 2017, more than 625,000 Rohingya from Myanmar fled into Bangladesh, settling in informal makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar district, joining 212,000 Rohingya already present. In early November, a diphtheria outbreak was reported in the camps, with 440 cases being reported during the first month. A rise in cases during early December led to a collaboration between teams from Médecins sans Frontières – who were running a provisional diphtheria treatment centre – and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine with the goal to use transmission dynamic models to forecast the potential scale of the outbreak and the resulting resource needs.MethodsWe first adjusted for delays between symptoms onset and case presentation using the observed distribution of reporting delays from previously reported cases. We then fit a compartmental transmission model to the adjusted incidence stratified by age-group and location. Model forecasts with a lead-time of two weeks were issued on 12th, 20th, 26th and 30th December and communicated to decision-makers.ResultsThe first forecast estimated that the outbreak would peak on 16th December in Balukhali camp with 222 (95% prediction interval 126–409) cases and would continue to grow in Kutupalong camp, requiring a bed capacity of 200 (95% PI 142–301). On 16th December, a total of 70 cases were reported, lower than forecasted. Subsequent forecasts were more accurate: on 20th December we predicted a total of 701 cases (95% PI 477–901) and 105 (95% PI 72–135) hospitalizations until the end of the year, with 616 cases actually reported during this period.ConclusionsReal-time modelling enabled feedback of key information about the potential scale of the epidemic, resource needs, and mechanisms of transmission to decision-makers at a time when this information was largely unknown. By December 20th, the model generated reliable forecasts and helped support decision-making on operational aspects of the outbreak response, such as hospital bed and staff needs, and with advocacy for control measures. Although modelling is only one component of the evidence base for decision-making in outbreak situations, suitable analysis and forecasting techniques can be used to gain insights into an ongoing outbreak.
Aurora A depletion reveals centrosome-independent polarization mechanism inC.elegans
Authors: Klinkert K. , Levernier N. , Gross P. , Gentili C. , von Tobel L. , Pierron M. , Busso C. , Herrman S. , Grill S. W. , Kruse K. , Gönczy P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow living systems break symmetry in an organized manner is an important question in biology. InC. eleganszygotes, symmetry breaking normally occurs in the vicinity of centrosomes, resulting in anterior-directed cortical flows and establishment of a single posterior PAR-2 domain. Here, we report that zygotes depleted of the Aurora A kinase AIR-1 or of centrosomes establish two posterior domains, one at each pole. Using transgenic animals and microfabricated triangular chambers, we establish that such bipolarity occurs in a PAR-2- and curvature-dependent manner. Furthermore, we develop an integrated physical model of symmetry breaking, establishing that local PAR-dependent weakening of the actin cortex, together with mutual inhibition of anterior and posterior PAR proteins, provides a mechanism for self-organized PAR polarization without functional centrosomes inC. elegans.One Sentence SummaryWe uncover a novel centrosome-independent mechanism of polarization inC. eleganszygotes
Deep Learning for High-Throughput Quantification of Oligodendrocyte Ensheathment at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Xu Yu Kang T , Chitsaz Daryan , Brown Robert A , Cui Qiao Ling , Dabarno Matthew A , Antel Jack P , Kennedy Timothy E 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination is a significant challenge that, if addressed, would facilitate the development of therapeutics to promote myelin protection and repair. Here, we established a quantitative high-throughput method to asses OL ensheathment in-vitro, combining nanofiber culture devices and automated imaging with a heuristic approach that informed the development of a deep learning analytic algorithm. The heuristic approach was developed by modeling general characteristics of OL ensheathments, while the deep learning neural network employed a UNet architecture with enhanced capacity to associate ensheathed segments with individual OLs. Reliably extracting multiple morphological parameters from individual cells, without heuristic approximations, mimics the high-level decision-making capacity of human researchers and improves the validity of the neural network. Experimental validation demonstrated that the deep learning approach matched the accuracy of expert-human measurements of the length and number of myelin segments per cell. The combined use of automated imaging and analysis reduces tedious manual labor while eliminating variability. The capacity of this technology to perform multi-parametric analyses at the level of individual cells permits the detection of nuanced cellular differences to accelerate the discovery of new insight into OL physiology.
Dynamic characteristics of three-degree-of-freedom resonant actuator
Authors: Kato Masayuki , Hirata Katsuhiro , Fujita Kensuke 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Linear oscillatory actuators have been used in a wide range of applications because they have a lot of advantages. Additionally, multi-degree of freedom resonant actuators have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel three-degree-of-freedom resonant actuator resonant actuator that is driven in three directions. The dynamic characteristics are clarified through finite element analysis and measurement.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel three-degree-of-freedom resonant actuator resonant actuator consists of a cross-shaped mover, a stator and five excitation coils. The magnetic structure of this actuator is geometrically similar to that of general permanent magnet synchronous motor. Therefore, vector control is applied to this actuator. The dynamic characteristics are analyzed and measured.

Findings
Computed results show that the proposed actuator is able to be independently driven in three directions. However, measured result show that mutual interference is severely observed because of the structure of the mover support mechanism. Therefore, the structure needs to be improved.

Originality/value
The proposed actuator has originality in its structure and operating principle.
Strategic orientation of servitization in manufacturing firms and its impacts on firm performance
Authors: Lin Yong , Luo Jing , Ieromonachou Petros , Rong Ke , Huang Lin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide implementation insights and implications regarding the strategic orientations of servitization by testing its impacts on firm performance, including financial performance and customer service performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical research is conducted using an online survey disseminated to manufacturing firms in Southeast China. This research develops and verifies a strategic fit framework to understand the relationship between the strategic orientation of servitization and service innovation (SI), and its resulting impacts on firm performance.

Findings
The results show that service orientation (SO) has direct positive impacts on firm performance in the manufacturing sector. Customer orientation (CO) and learning orientation (LO) have no direct impact on firm performance, although they have indirect impacts on it via the mediating role of SI capability. Moreover, SO has a similar indirect impact on firm performance via SI capability.

Research limitations/implications
The survey focuses only on China; future studies should verify whether different cultural backgrounds impact the research results.

Practical implications
The results suggest that firms should build up three strategic orientations (SO, CO and LO) for implementing servitization to facilitate SI capability and, thus, to improve firm performance.

Originality/value
This research contributes to enhancing the theory of servitization by developing a strategic fit model of servitization and revealing the impact mechanism of servitization in the manufacturing sector.
Supply chain integration and coordination for international sourcing in the context of China’s processing trade
Authors: Kang Mingu , Park Kihyun , Yang Ma Ga (Mark) , Haney Mark H. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how a foreign invested manufacturing company’s (FIMC) components sourcing process evolves in order to improve its supply chain outcomes in the context of China’s processing trade.

Design/methodology/approach
Grounded in the theory bases of the international sourcing process and supply chain integration, this study utilizes a single-case-study approach with a small- to medium-sized FIMC engaged in China’s processing trade.

Findings
This study identifies three stages of the components sourcing process: simple assembly stage, components localization stage and supply chain integration stage. In addition, the case study suggests that the type of processing trade evolves from processing with supplied materials to processing with imported materials as the sourcing process proceeds through the three stages and the internal and external environments change.

Originality/value
To our knowledge, this paper is the first to focus on an FIMC’s components sourcing process in the context of China’s processing trade. It contributes to a better understanding of how FIMCs progress through the components sourcing process and apply different types of processing trade in China to maximize their supply chain outcomes.
Taxes and risk-taking behavior: evidence from mergers and acquisitions in the G7 nations
Authors: Sreesing Poonyawat 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis study aims to examine how corporate taxes affect corporate risk-taking decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines corporate risk-taking by analyzing how a firm’s asset risk changes following an acquisition carried out by publicly listed companies in the G7 nations. To measure the asset risk of a firm, this study uses the option pricing framework in Merton (1974).FindingsConsistent with an implication of the Merton (1974) framework, the findings show that firms take more risk in their investment decisions when tax rates are high. Moreover, the tax effects wane for firms with a relatively large borrowing opportunity and this suggests that the risk-taking incentive from taxes is moderated by the reputation concern in the debt market, lending support to the Diamond (1989) reputation-building model. The empirical results also show that the tax-induced risk-taking incentive is restrained by creditor rights. Overall, the study reveals an important role of taxes in the structure of corporate investment decisions.Practical implicationsThe implications of this study can be beneficial to policymakers when considering the alteration of tax rates, as it will affect the riskiness of firm investment decisions.Originality/valueThis study provides a better understanding of the role of taxes on risk-taking and also contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting tax effects of risk-taking. The relationship between taxes and risk-taking has proven that the corporate taxation is one of the key factors that firms consider during their selection of risky investments. Unlike previous studies, this research is the first to investigate the change in asset risk, estimating by the option pricing framework, through studying a particular event: mergers and acquisitions.
Calibrating the factors of management quality in banking performance: a mixed method approach
Authors: Chatterjee Debmallya , Dhaigude Amol S. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore and model the factors of management quality dimension (FMQD) in evaluating banking performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The FMQD in evaluating banking performance are explored through the review of literature. The identified factors are modeled using integrated fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) and Matrices’ Impacts Croise’s Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) approach. Scenario analysis is carried out on the proposed model to study the behavior in a dynamic setting.

Findings
The main finding of this study is the prioritization of FMQD in evaluating banking performance. The cohesive model obtained by FCM-MICMAC integrated approach demonstrates that the interlinked factors can be grouped into independent, autonomous, dependent and relay clusters. The results suggest that internal control system is the most influential factor, whereas the business per employee is the most sensitive one in modeling management quality.

Research limitations/implications
This study models the FMQD through expert opinions, and hence, individual bias may influence the results. This study can be further validated through statistical analysis.

Practical implications
The study suggests that practitioners may focus more on these select factors and their mutual interactions to enhance management quality for improving the performance of the banks. The study emphasizes that better clarity and efficient designing of internal processes are the key to management soundness.

Originality/value
This is the first study to explore and model FMQD in banking performance using FCM-MICMAC approach. Validation of the proposed model in a dynamic setting is also relatively new in the banking performance literature.