bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Metallogel Based on a Zwitterionic Spirocyclic Meisenheimer Complex: Sensing of Fluoride Ions in Water and Moisture Content in Organic Solvents
Authors: Mohar Mrittika 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDesign and synthesis of stimuli‐responsive materials are highly desired for various practical applications. For this purpose, a picric acid and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide based highly rigid zwitterionic spirocyclic Meisenheimer complex has been applied to produce a metallogel. The Meisenheimer complex does not undergo self‐gelation under any condition. But it forms a stable gel only with Fe3+ ion in a 2:1 ratio in chloroform. Interestingly, the Meisenheimer complex shows bright yellow emission under 366 nm UV light. But the Fe3+ based metallogel does not show any emission under UV irradiation. However, in the presence of fluoride contaminated water, the metallogel surface shows bright yellow emission while checking inside a UV chamber. Thus the non‐fluorescent metallogel was utilized as a sensor of aqueous fluoride ion. The sensor is able to detect aqueous fluoride down to 156 ppb concentration. Like the gel, the dried metallogel solution is also non‐fluorescent in different polar as well as nonpolar organic solvent. But the same solution shows bright yellow emission in the presence of water. The fluorescence intensity was found to increase with an increase in the percentage of water. In this way, the xerogel was utilized as a sensor of undesired water content present in different organic solvents which can detect moisture content with a minimum detection limit of 0.04% for dichloromethane.
“Systems medicine” in the view of von Bertalanffy's “organismic biology” and systems theory
Authors: Tretter Felix 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently, medicine is transforming towards molecular systems medicine (MSM), based on molecular systems biology (MSB). These approaches should be related to Ludwig von Bertalanffy's vision of “organismic” systems biology/medicine (OSB/OSM) and of general system theory (GST), which he created already in the 1930s. In this paper, on the basis of current diversity of knowledge in medicine, major differences between MSB/MSM and OSB/OSM are highlighted: MSB is based on biochemical high‐throughput technologies, sophisticated mathematical data analytical tools, and supercomputers for computation, whereas OSB is based on developmental biology and is concept and theory oriented. Metatheoretical considerations show that holistic but still reductive MSM cannot bridge the categorical molecule–cell difference, the mind–body difference, and the environment–organism gap by a consistent molecular and mechanistic theory of the organism. In contrast, the options of theoretical interlevel modelling with the help of simply structured but complexly functioning organ models are discussed here. As example, the neurochemical mobile of the brain is discussed. Consequently, a reconsideration of GST in medicine, targeting OSM, seems to be fruitful by linking MSM with a core concept of a systems pathology and with psychosocial and clinical medicine.
Epigenetic Priming of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Accelerates Cardiomyocyte Maturation
Authors: Biermann Mitch , Cai Wenxuan , Lang Di , Hermsen Jack , Profio Luke , Zhou Ying , Czirok Andras , Isai Dona G. , Napiwocki Brett N. , Rodriguez Adriana M. , Brown Matthew E. , Woon Marites T. , Shao Annie , Han Tianxiao , Park Donglim , Hacker Timothy A. , Crone Wendy C. , Burlingham William J. , Glukhov Alexey V. , Ge Ying , Kamp Timothy J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) exhibit a fetal phenotype that limits in vitro and therapeutic applications. Strategies to promote cardiomyocyte maturation have focused interventions on differentiated hPSC-CMs, but this study tests priming of early cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIC) to accelerate cardiomyocyte maturation. CPCs were differentiated from hPSCs using a monolayer differentiation protocol with defined small molecule Wnt temporal modulation, and pIC was added during the formation of early CPCs. pIC priming did not alter the expression of cell surface markers for CPCs (&gt;80% KDR+/PDGFRα+), expression of common cardiac transcription factors, or final purity of differentiated hPSC-CMs (∼90%). However, CPC differentiation in basal medium revealed that pIC priming resulted in hPSC-CMs with enhanced maturity manifested by increased cell size, greater contractility, faster electrical upstrokes, increased oxidative metabolism, and more mature sarcomeric structure and composition. To investigate the mechanisms of CPC priming, RNAseq revealed that cardiac progenitor-stage pIC modulated early Notch signaling and cardiomyogenic transcriptional programs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of CPCs showed that pIC treatment increased deposition of the H3K9ac activating epigenetic mark at core promoters of cardiac myofilament genes and the Notch ligand, JAG1. Inhibition of Notch signaling blocked the effects of pIC on differentiation and cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, primed CPCs showed more robust formation of hPSC-CMs grafts when transplanted to the NSGW mouse kidney capsule. Overall, epigenetic modulation of CPCs with pIC accelerates cardiomyocyte maturation enabling basic research applications and potential therapeutic uses. Stem Cells 2019;37:910–923
Efficient verification of concurrent systems using local-analysis-based approximations and SAT solving
Authors: Antonino Pedro , Gibson-Robinson Thomas , Roscoe A. W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work develops a type of local analysis that can prove concurrent systems deadlock free. As opposed to examining the overall behaviour of a system, local analysis consists of examining the behaviour of small parts of the system to yield a given property. We analyse pairs of interacting components to approximate system reachability and propose a new sound but incomplete/approximate framework that checks deadlock and local-deadlock freedom. By replacing exact reachability by this approximation, it looks for deadlock (or local-deadlock) candidates, namely, blocked (locally-blocked) system states that lie within our approximation. This characterisation improves on the precision of current approximate techniques. In particular, it can tackle non-hereditary deadlock-free systems, namely, deadlock-free systems that have a deadlocking subsystem. These are neglected by most approximate techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrate how SAT checkers can be used to efficiently implement our framework, which, typically, scales better than current techniques for deadlock-freedom analysis. This is demonstrated by a series of practical experiments.
Goals and targets: a developmental puzzle about sensitivity to others’ actions
Authors: Butterfill Stephen A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSensitivity to others’ actions is essential for social animals like humans and a fundamental requirement for any kind of social cognition. Unsurprisingly, it is present in humans from early in the first year of life. But what processes underpin infants’ sensitivity to others’ actions? Any attempt to answer this question must solve twin puzzles about the development of goal tracking. Why does some, but not all, of infants’ goal tracking appear to be limited by their abilities to represent the observed action motorically at the time it occurs? And why does their sensitivity to action sometimes manifest itself differently in dishabituation, pupil dilation and anticipatory looking? Solving these twin puzzles is critical for understanding humans’ earliest sensitivity to others’ actions. After introducing the puzzles, this paper argues that solving them may require identifying multiple, distinct processes for tracking the targets and goals of actions.
Decay Dynamics of Localized Surface Plasmons: Damping of Coherences and Populations of the Oscillatory Plasmon Modes
Authors: Kolwas Krystyna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProperties of plasmonic materials are associated with surface plasmons—the electromagnetic excitations coupled to coherent electron charge density oscillations on a metal/dielectric interface. Although decay of such oscillations cannot be avoided, there are prospects for controlling plasmon damping dynamics. In spherical metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the basic properties of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) can be controlled with their radius. The present paper handles the link between the size-dependent description of LSP properties derived from the dispersion relation based on Maxwell’s equations and the quantum picture in which MNPs are treated as “quasi-particles.” Such picture, based on the reduced density matrix of quantum open systems ruled by the master equation in the Lindblad form, enables to distinguish between damping processes of populations and coherences of multipolar plasmon oscillatory states and to establish the intrinsic relations between the rates of these processes, independently of the size of MNP. The impact of the radiative and the nonradiative energy dissipation channels is discussed.
A model of NSCLC microenvironment predicts optimal receptor targets
Authors: Han Chuang , Wu Yu 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundTumor microenvironment plays an essential role in the growth of malignancy. Understanding how tumor cells co‐evolve with tumor‐associated immune cells and stromal cells is important for tumor treatment.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a logistic population dynamics model for quantifying the intercellular signaling network in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The model describes the evolutionary dynamics of cells and signaling proteins and was used to predict effective receptor targets through combination strategy analysis. Then, we optimized a multi‐target strategy analysis algorithm that was verified by applying it to virtual patients with heterogeneous conditions. Furthermore, to deal with acquired resistance which was commonly observed in patients with NSCLC, we proposed a novel targeting strategy — tracking targeted therapy, to optimize the treatment by improving the therapeutic strategy periodically.ResultsThe synergistic effect when inhibiting multiple signaling pathways may help significantly retard carcinogenic processes associated with disease progression, compared with suppression of a single signaling pathway. While traditional treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) tends to attack tumor cells directly, the multi‐target therapy we suggested here is aimed to inhibit the development of tumor by emasculating the relative competitive advantages of tumor cells and promoting that of normal cells.ConclusionThe combination of traditional and targeted therapy, as an interesting experiment, was significantly more effective in treatment of virtual patients due to a clear complementary relationship between the two therapeutic schemes.
Goal statements in brain injury rehabilitation: A cohort study of client-centredness and relationship with goal outcome
Authors: Prescott Sarah , Doig Emmah , Fleming Jennifer , Weir Nicole 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Currently, there is increasing recognition of the need to use a client-centred approach to goal setting in rehabilitation. However, there is limited research to guide practice with community-dwelling clients with acquired brain injury. An understanding of the characteristics of client-centred goals and the extent to which client-centeredness influences goal outcomes is required.Objective:To examine the relationships between the client-centredness of goals and their characteristics, content, recall and outcomes of client-centred goals in brain injury rehabilitation.Methods:A prospective cohort design study was employed. Participants were 45 clients with brain injury receiving outpatient rehabilitation, who completed measures of client-centredness after goal setting. Each goal was classified according to whether it was specific, measurable, non-jargonistic, and participation-focussed, included a timeframe and was recalled by participants.Results:Participants set 223 goals with 20 clinicians from multiple disciplines. Levels of client-centredness did not differ according to the characteristics, content and recall of goals, with the exception of goal specificity (p< 0.01). Client-centredness was significantly and positively correlated with goal outcomes (p< 0.05).Conclusions:The use of client-centred goals is recommended for improved rehabilitation outcomes. Applying goal documentation criteria does not necessarily mean that goals will be client-centred, and highly specific goal statements may not reflect what is important and meaningful to clients.
Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention in India: Evaluation of post-prescription review and feedback as a method of promoting optimal antimicrobial use in the intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital
Authors: Rupali Priscilla , Palanikumar Prasannakumar , Shanthamurthy Divyashree , Peter John Victor , Kandasamy Subramani , Zacchaeus Naveena Gracelin Princy , Alexander Hanna , Thangavelu Premkumar , Karthik Rajiv , Abraham Ooriapadickal Cherian , Michael Joy Sarojini , Paul Hema , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Chacko Binila , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Alangaden George , Prentiss Tyler , Zervos Marcus J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are effective in developed countries. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of an infectious disease (ID) physician–driven post-prescription review and feedback as an ASP strategy in India, a low middle-income country (LMIC).Design and setting:This prospective cohort study was carried out for 18 months in 2 intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital, consisting of 3 phases: baseline, intervention, and follow up. Each phase spanned 6 months.Participants:Patients aged ≥15 years receiving 48 hours of study antibiotics were recruited for the study.Methods:During the intervention phase, an ID physician reviewed the included cases and gave alternate recommendations if the antibiotic use was inappropriate. Acceptance of the recommendations was measured after 48 hours. The primary outcome of the study was days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 study patient days (PD).Results:Overall, 401 patients were recruited in the baseline phase, 381 patients were recruited in the intervention phase, and 379 patients were recruited in the follow-up phase. Antimicrobial use decreased from 831.5 during the baseline phase to 717 DOT per 1,000 PD in the intervention phase (P &lt; .0001). The effect was sustained in the follow-up phase (713.6 DOT per 1,000 PD). De-escalation according to culture susceptibility improved significantly in the intervention phase versus the baseline phase (42.7% vs 23.6%; P &lt; .0001). Overall, 73.3% of antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate. Recommendations by the ID team were accepted in 60.7% of the cases.Conclusion:The ID physician–driven implementation of an ASP was successful in reducing antibiotic utilization in an acute-care setting in India.
Adjoint-based shape optimization of the microchannels in an inkjet printhead
Authors: Kungurtsev Petr V. , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: May 2019

In drop-on-demand inkjet printheads, ink is pumped steadily through small channels, each of which contains an actuator and a nozzle. When an actuator pulses, a droplet is forced through the nozzle, after which acoustic oscillations reverberate within the channel. Manufacturers would like to damp the residual reverberations, without increasing the pressure drop required to drive the steady flow. In this paper we use gradient-based optimization to show that this can be achieved by constricting the channel where the acoustic velocity is largest and enlarging the channel where the acoustic velocity is smallest. This increases the viscothermal dissipation of the acoustics without changing the viscous dissipation of the steady flow. We separate the compressible Navier–Stokes equations into equations for a steady flow with no oscillations and equations for oscillations with no steady flow. We define two objective functions: the viscous dissipation of the steady flow and the dissipation of the oscillations. We then derive the adjoints for both sets of equations, and obtain expressions for the gradient of each objective function with respect to boundary deformations in Hadamard form. We combine these with a gradient-based optimization algorithm, incorporating constraints such as the shapes of the actuator and nozzle. This algorithm quickly converges to a design that has the same viscous dissipation for the steady flow but a 50 % larger decay rate for the oscillating flow. We show that this design is nearly optimal. It is a shape that inkjet manufacturers, using physical insight and trial and error, have probably not yet considered. We also show how the adjoint fields provide physical insight into the mechanisms affecting each objective function. The main requirements of this method are that the steady flow Mach number and oscillating flow Mach number are small, and that dissipation is dominated by thermoviscous mechanisms. These requirements are often satisfied in microfluidics, so the method in this paper could be applied to many other applications.
A tale of two approaches to heteroclinic solutions for Φ-Laplacian systems
Authors: Ruan Yuan L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, the existence of heteroclinic solution of a class of generalized Hamiltonian system with potential $V : {\open R}^{n} \longmapsto {\open R}$ having a finite or infinite number of global minima is studied. Examples include systems involving the p-Laplacian operator, the curvature operator and the relativistic operator. Generalized conservation of energy is established, which leads to the property of equipartition of energy enjoyed by heteroclinic solutions. The existence problem of heteroclinic solution is studied using both variational method and the metric method. The variational approach is classical, while the metric method represents a more geometrical point of view where the existence problem of heteroclinic solution is reduced to that of geodesic in a proper length metric space. Regularities of the heteroclinic solutions are discussed. The results here not only provide alternative solution methods for Φ-Laplacian systems, but also improve existing results for the classical Hamiltonian system. In particular, the conditions imposed upon the potential are very mild and new proof for the compactness is given. Finally in ℝ2, heteroclinic solutions are explicitly written down in closed form by using complex function theory.
Challenging the frivolities of power: the ubiquitous camera and Nigerian political elites
Authors: Agbo George Emeka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed the ubiquitous presence of camera devices, from conventional cameras to communication gadgets (such as mobile phones, iPads and tablets), built with the capacity to produce, edit, disseminate and interact through photographs. In this article, I analyse visual materials circulated on Facebook, YouTube and Nairaland (a locally popular social-networking website used by Nigerians) to demonstrate how the ubiquity of the camera, its overt and surreptitious use, and the transformation and circulation of the resulting photographs constitute political acts in a postcolonial African context. The camera's ubiquity encompasses the increasing availability of photographic devices, but also the growing, and politically charged, inclination to put them to use, framing the world through which their users move. The production and dissemination of the resulting photograph gives it the status of an eyewitness account, amidst contestations that heighten its force as political articulation. Lastly, the ubiquitous camera is a means through which the public observes, polices and exposes the duplicity of state functionaries. The article contributes to an understanding of the ways in which digital infrastructure allows public access to the political undertaking of photography.
Paleobiology of the Mesoproterozoic Billyakh Group, Anabar Uplift, Northern Siberia
Authors: Sergeev V. N. , Knoll A. H. , Grotzinger J. P. 
Published: May 2019

Silicified peritidal carbonates of the Mesoproterozoic Kotuikan and Yusmastakh Formations, Anabar Uplift, northeastern Siberia, contain exceptionally well-preserved microfossils. The assemblage is dominated by ellipsoidal akinetes of nostocalean cyanobacteria (Archaeoellipsoides) and problematic spheroidal unicells (Myxococcoides); both are allochthonous and presumably planktonic. The assemblage also includes distinctive mat-forming scytonematacean and entophysalidacean cyanobacteria, diverse short trichomes interpreted as cyanobacterial hormogonia or germinated akinetes, rare longer trichomes, and several types of colonial unicells. Although many taxa in the Kotuikan-Yusmastakh assemblage are long-ranging prokaryotes, the overall character of the assemblage is distinctly Mesoproterozoic, with its major features shared by broadly coeval floras from Canada, China, India, and elsewhere in Siberia.Microfossils also occur in middle to inner shelf shales of the Ust’-Il'ya and lower Kotuikan Formations. Leiosphaerid acritarchs (up to several hundred microns in diameter) characterize this facies. As in other Mesoproterozoic acritarch assemblages, acanthomorphic and other complex forms that typify Neoproterozoic assemblages are absent.The combination in Billyakh assemblages of exceptional preservation and low eukaryotic diversity supports the hypothesis that nucleated organisms diversified markedly near the Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic boundary. The assemblages also demonstrate the antiquity of cyanobacteria capable of cell differentiation and suggest the importance of both changing peritidal substrates and evolving eukaryotes in determining stratigraphic patterns of Proterozoic prokaryotes. The permineralized assemblage contains 33 species belonging to 17 genera. Ten new species or new combinations are proposed:Archaeoellipsoides costatusn. sp.,A. elongatusn. comb.,A. dolichosn. comb.,A. minorn. nom.,A. crassusn. comb.,A. majorn. comb.,A. bactroformisn. sp.,Veteronostocale mediumn. sp.,Filiconstrictosus cephalonn. sp., andPartitiofilum yakschiniin. sp.