bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and factors of concussion events for tacklers in collegiate rugby union
Authors: Suzuki Keita , Nagai Satoshi , Iwai Koichi , Furukawa Takuo , Mukai Naoki , Miyakawa Shumpei , Takemura Masahiro 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the occurrence of concussion in rugby tacklers. Match video records showing tackles leading to concussion were used to identify injury‐inciting events. Additionally, noninjury tackles by concussed tacklers (prior to concussion) and position‐matched tacklers from the same matches were used as a control cohort. All tackles were coded according to the tackling characteristics. The odds ratio (OR) was reported by logistic regression. The results demonstrated that a side step of the ball‐carrier reduced the risk of concussion for tacklers (OR = 0.13 [95% CI, 0.03‐0.58]; P = .008). Conversely, the tackler's head/neck contacting the ball‐carrier (OR = 18.62 [95% CI, 4.59‐75.49]; P < .001) and not remaining bound to the ball‐carrier since making initial contact (OR = 4.38 [95% CI, 1.69‐11.34]; P = .002) were identified as risk factors for the concussion of tacklers. These results suggest that avoidance movements of the ball‐carrier prior to tackling reduced the risk of concussion and that incorrect tackling techniques contributed to an increased occurrence of concussion. Furthermore, the probability of concussion for tacklers increased when their head was in front or to one side of the ball‐carrier, and the direction of the tackle also affected the risk of concussion, especially from the side. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the tackler's head position in conjunction with the direction of tackle.
What children want to know about in‐ and out‐groups, and how knowledge affects their intergroup attitudes
Authors: Nasie Meytal , Diesendruck Gil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the key factors contributing to the development of negative attitudes toward out‐groups is lack of knowledge about them. The present study investigated what type of information 3‐ to 4‐ and 5‐ to 6‐ year‐old Jewish Israeli children (N = 82) are interested in acquiring about unfamiliar in‐ and out‐group individuals, and how providing children with the requested information affects their intergroup attitudes. Children were shown pictures of individuals from three groups—an in‐group (“Jews”), a “conflict” out‐group (“Arabs”), and a “neutral” out‐group (“Scots”)—and were asked what they would like to know about them. The experimenter responded by either answering all of children's questions, half of the questions, or none. Children's attitudes toward the groups were also assessed. It was found that children asked the most questions in regard to conflict out‐group individuals. Moreover, the older age group asked more questions regarding the psychological characteristics, and fewer questions regarding the social identity, of the conflict out‐group than of the other two groups. Finally, full provision of information improved attitudes toward the groups, especially among 3‐ to 4‐year olds, and especially regarding the conflict out‐group. These findings have implications for understanding the sources of intergroup biases, and for developing interventions to reduce them.
Exploring Variation Between Artificial Grammar Learning Experiments: Outlining a Meta‐Analysis Approach
Authors: Trotter Antony S. , Monaghan Padraic , Beckers Gabriël J. L. , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArtificial grammar learning (AGL) has become an important tool used to understand aspects of human language learning and whether the abilities underlying learning may be unique to humans or found in other species. Successful learning is typically assumed when human or animal participants are able to distinguish stimuli generated by the grammar from those that are not at a level better than chance. However, the question remains as to what subjects actually learn in these experiments. Previous studies of AGL have frequently introduced multiple potential contributors to performance in the training and testing stimuli, but meta‐analysis techniques now enable us to consider these multiple information sources for their contribution to learning—enabling intended and unintended structures to be assessed simultaneously. We present a blueprint for meta‐analysis approaches to appraise the effect of learning in human and other animal studies for a series of artificial grammar learning experiments, focusing on studies that examine auditory and visual modalities. We identify a series of variables that differ across these studies, focusing on both structural and surface properties of the grammar, and characteristics of training and test regimes, and provide a first step in assessing the relative contribution of these design features of artificial grammars as well as species‐specific effects for learning.
Dual‐color oligo‐FISH can reveal chromosomal variations and evolution in Oryza species
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Shang , Wu Ying , Zhou Yong , Gu Siwei , Yu Hengxiu , Yi Chuandeng , Gu Minghong , Jiang Jiming , Liu Bao , Zhang Tao , Gong Zhiyun 
Published: September 2019

SummaryFluorescence in situ hybridization using probes based on oligonucleotides (oligo‐FISH) is a useful tool for chromosome identification and karyotype analysis. Here we developed two oligo‐FISH probes that allow the identification of each of the 12 pairs of chromosomes in rice (Oryza sativa). These two probes comprised 25 717 (green) and 25 215 (red) oligos (45 nucleotides), respectively, and generated 26 distinct FISH signals that can be used as a barcode to uniquely label each of the 12 pairs of rice chromosomes. Standard karyotypes of rice were established using this system on both mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. Moreover, dual‐color oligo‐FISH was used to characterize diverse chromosomal abnormalities. Oligo‐FISH analyses using these probes in various wild Oryza species revealed that chromosomes from the AA, BB or CC genomes generated specific and intense signals similar to those in rice, while chromosomes with the EE genome generated less specific signals and the FF genome gave no signal. Together, the oligo‐FISH probes we established will be a powerful tool for studying chromosome variations and evolution in the genus Oryza.
Plant Regulomics: a data‐driven interface for retrieving upstream regulators from plant multi‐omics data
Authors: Ran Xiaojuan , Zhao Fei , Wang Yuejun , Liu Jian , Zhuang Yili , Ye Luhuan , Qi Meifang , Cheng Jingfei , Zhang Yijing 
Published: September 2019

SummaryHigh‐throughput technology has become a powerful approach for routine plant research. Interpreting the biological significance of high‐throughput data has largely focused on the functional characterization of a large gene list or genomic loci that involves the following two aspects: the functions of the genes or loci and how they are regulated as a whole, i.e. searching for the upstream regulators. Traditional platforms for functional annotation largely help resolving the first issue. Addressing the second issue is essential for a global understanding of the regulatory mechanism, but is more challenging, and requires additional high‐throughput experimental evidence and a unified statistical framework for data‐mining. The rapid accumulation of ’omics data provides a large amount of experimental data. We here present Plant Regulomics, an interface that integrates 19 925 transcriptomic and epigenomic data sets and diverse sources of functional evidence (58 112 terms and 695 414 protein−protein interactions) from six plant species along with the orthologous genes from 56 whole‐genome sequenced plant species. All pair‐wise transcriptomic comparisons with biological significance within the same study were performed, and all epigenomic data were processed to genomic loci targeted by various factors. These data were well organized to gene modules and loci lists, which were further implemented into the same statistical framework. For any input gene list or genomic loci, Plant Regulomics retrieves the upstream factors, treatments, and experimental/environmental conditions regulating the input from the integrated ’omics data. Additionally, multiple tools and an interactive visualization are available through a user‐friendly web interface. Plant Regulomics is available at http://bioinfo.sibs.ac.cn/plant-regulomics.
APETALA 2‐like genes AP2L2 and Q specify lemma identity and axillary floral meristem development in wheat
Authors: Debernardi Juan Manuel , Greenwood Julian R. , Jean Finnegan E. , Jernstedt Judy , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In tetraploid (Triticum turgidum) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), the spikelet is a short indeterminate branch with two proximal sterile bracts (glumes) followed by a variable number of florets, each including a bract (lemma) with an axillary flower. Varying levels of miR172 and/or its target gene Q (AP2L5) result in gradual transitions of glumes to lemmas, and vice versa. Here, we show that AP2L5 and its related paralog AP2L2 play critical and redundant roles in the specification of axillary floral meristems and lemma identity. AP2L2, also targeted by miR172, displayed similar expression profiles to AP2L5 during spikelet development. Loss‐of‐function mutants in both homeologs of AP2L2 (henceforth ap2l2) developed normal spikelets, but ap2l2 ap2l5 double mutants generated spikelets with multiple empty bracts before transitioning to florets. The coordinated nature of these changes suggest an early role of these genes in floret development. Moreover, the flowers of ap2l2 ap2l5 mutants showed organ defects in paleas and lodicules, including the homeotic conversion of lodicules into carpels. Mutations in the miR172 target site of AP2L2 were associated with reduced plant height, more compact spikes, promotion of lemma‐like characters in glumes and smaller lodicules. Taken together, our results show that the balance in the expression of miR172 and AP2‐like genes is crucial for the correct development of spikelets and florets, and that this balance has been altered during the process of wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare) domestication. The manipulation of this regulatory module provides an opportunity to modify spikelet architecture and improve grain yield.
CT attenuation values and mineral distribution can be used to differentiate dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles
Authors: Fuerst Jason A. , Hostnik Eric T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGallbladder mucoceles are potentially fatal in dogs. Multiphase CT angiography was performed to evaluate the canine gallbladder in three conditions: no sludge, sludge occupying ≥25% of the lumen, and mucoceles. Twenty dogs with normal hepatobiliary bloodwork and no‐to‐minimal gallbladder sludge, 13 dogs with normal bloodwork and ≥25% sludge in the gallbladder lumen, and 18 dogs with histologically confirmed gallbladder mucoceles were enrolled in a prospective, observational diagnostic accuracy study. Three regions of interest (ROI) were stratified in the dorsal‐ventral orientation and a single ROI was measured within the hepatic parenchyma. Mean attenuation and presence of mineral were recorded. Average Hounsfield units (HU) were recorded for precontrast, arterial, portovenous, and late venous phases. The overall median HU value for mucoceles was significantly higher than gallbladders without sludge and with sludge; precontrast median overall attenuation was 49.3, 35.8, and 39.7 HU, respectively (P < .000004). Mineral was seen in four (20%) dogs with no sludge, seven (56%) dogs with sludge, and nine (50%) dogs with mucoceles. Mineral in the dogs with mucoceles was located within the central aspect of the gallbladder lumen in 67% of mucoceles; this mineral distribution was not seen in any dog without a mucocele. Computed tomography can differentiate a subset of gallbladder mucoceles from dogs with and without gallbladder sludge, especially in the precontrast series. An HU value of 48.6 is 52% sensitive and 96% specific for a gallbladder mucocele. A hyperattenuating gallbladder on precontrast CT images and centrally distributed mineral can be a gallbladder mucocele.
Steps to Implement ISO 9000: 2005 Quality Management System: Case Study at Malaysian Higher Education Institutions/ Langkah-Langkah Pelaksanaan Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti ISO 9000:2005: Kajian Kes Di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
Authors: Basir Siti Arni , Abdul Ghani Azmi Ilhaamie , Syed Ismail al Qudsy Sharifah Hayaati , Ahmadun Musaiyadah , Kamaruzzaman Syahrul Nizam , Mohamed Hasan Albanna 
Published: September 2019

ISO 9000 is a quality management system widely used. ISO 9000 has begun being implemented in Malaysia's IPT since the 1990s as one of the initiatives for quality assurance. While the number of HEIs in Malaysia that are implementing ISO 9000 is increasing, however, empirical studies of the implementation of the system are still underdeveloped. Therefore, the objective of this article is to study the implementation steps of ISO 9000 quality management system at Malaysian HEI. This study uses a qualitative approach by using case study as a research strategy. A public HEI located in Selangor was chosen as a research location. This study uses a semi-structured interview method carried out on fifteen informants who are actively involved in the implementation of ISO 9000. The informants represent the categories of faculty management, quality coordinator and lecturers. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis method which was assisted by Nvivo software. The research finding show that the implementation of ISO 9000 in the HEI involves seven steps; organizational context analysis, training, leadership, development of work groups, implementation, monitoring and improvement. All these steps have been well implemented with participation from all faculty members. The results of this study contribute to the development of knowledge related to the implementation of ISO 9000: 2015 in Malaysian HEI. The research findings can be employed as a guideline to university administrators, public sector officers or corporate managers in their effort to implement ISO 9000 effectively in their respective organizations.
The Mapping of Geography Courses at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris with a Standard Curriculum for Secondary School in Malaysia/ Pemetaan Kursus Geografi di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris dengan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah di Malaysia
Authors: Hashim Mohmadisa , Mahat Hanifah , Nayan Nasir , Saleh Yazid , Liew See Koh 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article is to map the curriculum of Bachelor of Education in Geography programme with the Standard Document of Curriculum and Assessment (DSKP) in school. An analysis of document been implemented to examine the linkages between the geography curriculum at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) towards the geography subject in Standard Curriculum for Secondary School (KSSM) of form one, two and three. The relationship matrix of paralleled themes was identified with the ATLAS.ti software. The themes examined comprised of physical geography, human geography and geographic skills. The results showed that 14 out of 16 courses of BED Geography were parallel with the Geography DSKP for form 1 to 3. There were eight topics in the DSKP of KSSM Geography that were not related in any Geography BED Instructional Plan, which involved two form 1 topics, titled Kedudukan and Lakaran Peta Malaysia; three form 2 topics, namely Telekomunikasi di Malaysia, Jenis dan Kemajuan Pengangkutan di Asia and Teknologi Hijau; and three form 3 topics, namely Tumbuh-Tumbuhan Semula Jadi di Malaysia, Hidupan Liar di Malaysia and Kitar Semula. The results showed that the university department need to improve the existing courses and there was a need for an addition of relevant courses to the Geography BED programme to aligned with the latest school curriculum. The findings of this study will be able to improve the education system at the university level in order to produce prospective geography teachers with the latest knowledge and the 21st century skills.
Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring of Helicopter Gearboxes Based on Cyclostationary Analysis
Authors: Mauricio Alexandre , Zhou Linghao , Mba David , Gryllias Konstantinos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The core of a helicopter drivetrain is a complex planetary main gearbox (MGB), which reduces the high input speed generated by the engines in order to provide the appropriate torque to the main rotors and to other auxiliary systems. The gearbox consists of various shafts, planetary gears, and bearings, and operates under varying conditions under excessive friction, heat, and high mechanical forces. The components are vulnerable to fatigue defects and therefore health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) have been developed in order to monitor the health condition of the gearbox, focusing toward early, accurate, and on-time fault detection with limited false alarms and missed detections. The main aim of a HUMS is by health monitoring to enhance the helicopters' operational reliability, to support the maintenance decision-making, and to reduce the overall maintenance costs. The importance and the need for more advanced and accurate HUMS have been emphasized recently by the postaccident analysis of the helicopter LN-OJF, which crashed in Norway in 2016. During the last few decades, various methodologies and diagnostic indicators/features have been proposed for the monitoring of rotating machinery operating under steady conditions but still there is no global solution for complex structures. A new tool called improved envelope spectrum via feature optimization-gram (IESFOgram) has been recently proposed by the authors, based on cyclostationary analysis, focusing on the accurate selection of a filtering band, under steady and varying speed conditions. Moreover, the cyclic spectral coherence (CSCoh) is integrated along the selected frequency band leading to an improved envelope spectrum (IES). In this paper, the performance of the tool is tested on a complex planetary gearbox, with several vibration sources. The method is tested, evaluated, and compared to state-of-the-art methods on a dataset captured during experimental tests under various operating conditions on a Category A Super Puma SA330 main planetary gearbox, presenting seeded bearing defects of different sizes.
Fueling Machine Model for Simulation of Spent Fuel Behavior in Postulated Fuel Handling Accidents
Authors: Huang L. Y. , Fan H. Z. , Maltchevski M. , Ranger A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
On-power fueling is an important feature of the CANDU® reactor. Fueling is a routine operation with a large number of channel fueling visits made each year with the fueling machines acting as the key system. Hence, safety analysis must consider fueling machine events typically when the fueling machine is in transit toward the spent fuel port. This paper presents a model of fueling machine containing spent fuel with complex configuration and multiprocess mechanisms. Using an integral approach with fuel and fueling machine, this model tends to improve previous modeling method, which only takes account of a slice of fuel or fueling machine. This fueling machine model is developed for simulations of the fueling machine coolant thermal hydraulics behavior, the spent fuel behavior, and potential fission product release during postulated loss of heat removal accidents. An example of its application is also presented in this paper.
Using the Many-Facet Rasch Model to analyse and evaluate the quality of objective structured clinical examination: a non-experimental cross-sectional design
Authors: Tavakol Mohsen , Pinner Gill 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesSources of bias, such as the examiners, domains and stations, can influence the student marks in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This study describes the extent to which the facets modelled in an OSCE can contribute to scoring variance and how they fit into a Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) of OSCE performance. A further objective is to identify the functioning of the rating scale used.DesignA non-experimental cross-sectional design.Participants and settingsAn MFRM was used to identify sources of error (eg, examiner, domain and station), which may influence the student outcome. A 16-station OSCE was conducted for 329 final year medical students. Domain-based marking was applied, each station using a sample from eight defined domains across the whole OSCE. The domains were defined as follows: communication skills, professionalism, information gathering, information giving, clinical interpretation, procedure, diagnosis and management. The domains in each station were weighted to ensure proper attention to the construct of the individual station. Four facets were assessed: students, examiners, domains and stations.ResultsThe results suggest that the OSCE data fit the model, confirming that an MFRM approach was appropriate to use. The variable map allows a comparison with and between the facets of students, examiners, domains and stations and the 5-point score for each domain with each station as they are calibrated to the same scale. Fit statistics showed that the domains map well to the performance of the examiners. No statistically significant difference between examiner sensitivity (3.85 logits) was found. However, the results did suggest examiners were lenient and that some behaved inconsistently. The results also suggest that the functioning of response categories on the 5-point rating scale need further examination and optimisation.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for examiner monitoring and training activities, to aid assessment improvement.
Quality of life of patients with dementia in acute hospitals in Germany: a non-randomised, case–control study comparing a regular ward with a special care ward with dementia care concept
Authors: Lüdecke Daniel , Poppele Georg , Klein Jens , Kofahl Christopher 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo identify factors that predict the quality of life (QoL) of patients with dementia in acute hospitals and to analyse if a special care concept can increase patients’ QoL.DesignA non-randomised, case–control study including two internal medicine wards from hospitals in Hamburg, Germany.Setting and participantsIn all, 526 patients with dementia from two hospitals were included in the study (intervention: n=333; control: n=193). The inclusion criterion was an at least mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The intervention group was a hospital with a special care ward for internal medicine focusing on patients with dementia. The control group was from a hospital with a regular care ward without special dementia care concept.Outcome measuresOur main outcome was the QoL (range 0–100) from patients with dementia in two different hospitals. A Bayesian multilevel analysis was conducted to identify predictors such as age, dementia, agitation, physical and chemical restraints, or functional limitations that affect QoL.ResultsQoL differs significantly between the control (40.7) and the intervention (51.2) group (p<0.001). Regression analysis suggests that physical restraint (estimated effect: −4.9), psychotropic drug use (−4.4) and agitation (−2.9) are negatively associated with QoL. After controlling for confounders, the positive effect of the special care concept remained (5.7).ConclusionsA special care ward will improve the quality of care and has a positive impact on the QoL of patients with dementia. Health policies should consider the benefits of special care concepts and develop incentives for hospitals to improve the QoL and quality of care for these patients.