bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new Tomographic Method of Staging/Classifying Keratoconus: The ABCD Grading System
Authors: Duncan Josh , Gomes José AP 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To incorporate advanced corneal imaging into a new keratoconus classification system that utilizes posterior curvature, thinnest pachymetry, and best-corrected distance vision (CDVA) in addition to standard anterior parameters.

Materials and methods
A total of 672 eyes of 336 normal patients were imaged with the Oculus Pentacam HR. Anterior and posterior radius of curvature measurements were taken using a 3.0 mm zone centered on the thinnest area and corneal thickness was measured at the thinnest point. Mean and standard deviations were recorded and anterior data were compared to the existing Amsler-Krumeich (AK) classification.

Results
A total of 672 eyes of 336 patients were analyzed. Anterior and posterior values were 7.65 ± 0.236 mm / 6.26 ± 0.214 mm respectively and thinnest pachymetry values were 534.2 ± 30.36 um. Comparing anterior curvature values to AK staging yielded 2.63, 5.47, 6.44 standard deviations for stages 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Posterior staging uses the same standard deviation gates. Comparative pachymetric values yielded 4.42, and 7.72 standard deviations for stages 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusion
A new keratoconus staging system incorporates posterior curvature, thinnest pachymetric values, and distance visual acuity in addition to the standard anterior curvature and consists of stages 0 to 4 (5 stages), closely matches the existing AK classification stages 1 to 4 on anterior curvature. The new classification system by incorporating curvature and thickness measurements based on the thinnest point, as opposed to apical, better reflects the anatomic changes in keratoconus.

How to cite this article
Belin MW, Duncan J, Ambrósio R Jr, Gomes JAP. A New Tomographic Method of Staging/Classifying Keratoconus: The ABCD Grading System. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):85-93.
Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage
Authors: Arora Ritu , Dangda Sonal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Presenting the course of visually disabling corneal infiltration post uneventful collagen cross-linking (CXL) in a 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus.

Methods
A 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus underwent cross-linking of left eye with indigenous 0.1% riboflavin dye and 370 nm ultraviolet A irradiation. This patient had an uneventful successful cross-linking performed in right eye 6 months prior with good recovery of vision to LogMAR (6/9 Snellen).

Results
Patient developed diminution of vision, along with redness of eye, photophobia and watering on 3rd day after uneventful cross-linkage. Examination revealed very poor vision; diffuse corneal clouding with multiple superficial stromal infiltrates and incomplete corneal epithelization. A provisional diagnosis of infective keratitis was made, in situ bandage contact lens (BCL) removed and subjected to culture. Intensive fortified topical antibiotics were initiated and steroids withheld. After complete corneal re-epithelization on 6th day, the infiltrations did not decrease in either intensity or number. Response to antibiotics being inadequate, an immune etiology was suspected and full strength topical steroids reinstituted which resulted in slow resolution of infiltration over a 10 weeks period. Last follow-up at 9 months post-CXL, revealed a diffuse stromal haze with unaided visual acuity of LogMAR 0.8 6/36 and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.3 (6/12) with use of a rigid gas permeable lens.

Conclusion
Sterile infiltration post-CXL requiring intense topical steroids is a rare complication of CXL and needs to be differentiated from infective keratitis.

How to cite this article
Bhattacharyya M, Singh K, Mutreja A, Dangda S, Arora R. Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):115-119.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Infective Keratitis
Authors: Ummar Shiji 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose of review
To summarize the current understanding of effects of cross-linking (CXL) in infective keratitis based on available evidence.

Method of literature search
A PubMed search was conducted with combinations not limited to the following search terms: corneal collagen CXL, riboflavin, ultraviolet A, keratoconus, microbial keratitis, fungal keratitis, bacterial keratitis, Acantha-moeba keratitis. A review of the search results was performed and relevant articles to the topic were included.

Summary
Most of the published literature showed promising results in treatment of infectious keratitis by corneal collagen CXL using photoactivated riboflavin as an adjuvant therapy but with questionable efficacy in deep keratitis due to slow-growing organisms.

How to cite this article
Ummar S, Farrag AN. Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Infective Keratitis. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):13-16.
Implantable Contact Lenses in Keratoconus
Authors: Gupta Suruchi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Keratoconus is a progressive inherited disorder with varying economic and social consequences. Varying modalities of visual rehabilitation such as spectacles, contact lenses, surgical treatment in the form of corneal collagen cross-linking to arrest progression, and surface refractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy, implantation of phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs), or Intacs have been undertaken with varying results. This review article focuses on the introduction of phakic IOLs/implantable contact lenses in keratoconus. Thorough research was made on PubMed, Google, HINARI, and related sites for all related material, and it was thoroughly studied to draft this article.

How to cite this article
Gupta S. Implantable Contact Lenses in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):17-20.
Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins
Authors: Ramos Isaac , Guerra Gustavo , Oliveira Vitor Buchmuller de , Ferreira Ivan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report clinical keratoconus in only one eye of two identical female twins, along with subclinical disease in the fellow eyes, elaborating on the two-hit hypothesis of ectasia development, which relates to the combination of genetics and the impact of environment.

Methods
Case report and literature review.

Results
Two identical 48-year-old female twins were presented for clinical evaluation. Mild keratoconus was detected in the right eye of twin 1, characterized by classic slit-lamp findings (exacerbated corneal nerves and incomplete Fleisher's ring) and front surface curvature abnormalities, including asymmetry of the inferior–superior curvature at 6 mm (I–S value) of 2.78 D and a grade 1 Topographic Keratoconus Classification pattern. Topographic Keratoconus Classification was possible in the fellow eye of twin 1 (I–S value = 1.22 D) and negative in both eyes of twin 2 (I–S value = −0.46 OD and −0.13 OS). Ambrósio's Relational Thickness for the maximal progression meridian was 209 and 354 in twin 1 and 360 and 392 in twin 2 in the right and left eyes respectively. The final deviation value of the Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display was 4.54 and 1.47 in twin 1 and 1.7 and 1.35 in twin 2.

Conclusion
Corneal tomography data provide a better representation of corneal genotype in detecting mild, subclinical, or forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eyes with normal topography of these twins. These cases present high risk or susceptibility for ectasia progression if environmental factors are associated (second hit).

How to cite this article
Guerra G, de Oliveira VB, Ferreira I, Ramos I, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):35-39.
Individual Long-term Visual Stability after MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Prangl-Grötzl Andreas , Ettl Armin , Hörantner Robert , Daxer Albert 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The article aims to study the individual long-term stability of visual acuity after MyoRing treatment of keratoconus.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study of the individual visual acuity development for 5 years after MyoRing implantation for keratoconus.

Results
In no single case did uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity lose one line or more during the first 5 years after MyoRing treatment for keratoconus. Moreover, visual acuity was even further ameliorated in most of the cases until the last follow-up period of 5 years after surgery.

Conclusion
The results indicate that MyoRing placement inside the cornea can achieve both visual rehabilitation and stop of progression of the disease.

How to cite this article
Prangl-Grötzl A, Ettl A, Hörantner R, Daxer A. Individual Long-term Visual Stability after MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(2):53-56.
Late-onset Post-lasik Ectasia with no Apparent Risk Factor except Eye Rubbing: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Barbara Adel 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Post-lasik ectasia is the most feared complication following lasik, occurring in majority of cases within 1 year of surgery. Furthermore, it is reported many years after surgery. In this case report, we describe and analyze a post-lasik ectasia case in one eye which was diagnosed after 11 years without any risk factor or apparent reason except eye rubbing.

How to cite this article
Barbara A, Barbara R. Late-onset Post-lasik Ectasia with no Apparent Risk Factor except Eye Rubbing: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(2):85-91.
Treatment Concepts for Restoration of endodontically Treated Teeth: A Survey among General Practitioners, Prosthodontists, and Endodontists in India
Authors: Kavlekar Aditya A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo study the treatment concepts for restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) among general practitioners, prosthodontists, and endodontists in India and to compare practices followed by practitioners in India with that of other countries.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire consisting of 16 multiple choice questions was formulated. It was handed out randomly to general practitioners, prosthodontists, and endodontists at respective national conferences by personal handouts. The questionnaire consisted of 16 multiple choice questions that focused on the treatment philosophies of post-endodontic restoration, materials, and techniques used.Results70.7% general practitioners believe that a post reinforces ETT and reduces fracture probability and they placed posts more frequently as compared to prosthodontists and endodontists. 44.6% endodontists believed that ferrule does not increase the fracture resistance. Cast post and cores were preferred by 83.2% endodontists, whereas prefabricated posts were preferred by 78.4% general practitioners. Prosthodontists used cast posts and cores as well as prefabricated posts with relatively same frequency. 70.3% endodontists, 74.1% general practitioners, and 46.3% prosthodontists preferred tapered posts. 76.2% endodontists seal root filling after post space preparation, whereas 77.7% prosthodontists and 79.3% general practitioners do not seal the root filling. 81% prosthodontists and 74.1% general practitioners reported endodontic failure as the most frequent cause of failure, however, 79.2% endodontists reported loss of retention of posts.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, there were differences in knowledge and practices followed in restoration of ETT among the different specialties – prosthodontists, endodontists, and general practitioners studied in India and also when compared to other countries.How to cite this articleKavlekar AA, Aras MA, Chitre V. Treatment Concepts for Restoration of endodontically Treated Teeth: A Survey among General Practitioners, Prosthodontists, and Endodontists in India. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):129-136.
Are Indian Habits of Cross-legged Sitting and Squatting associated with Anterior Knee Pain?
Authors: Arumugam S , Parikh Tvisha Ketan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the association between anterior knee pain (AKP) and traditional Indian habits of cross-legged sitting and squatting which involve deep knee flexion.

Materials and methods
A case control study was carried out in 225 patients and 225 age and sex matched controls at a tertiary care university hospital in South India over 3 years. Males and females between 18 and 55 years were evaluated using a clinical proforma of history and musculoskeletal examination. The details of deep knee flexion habits with quantification of duration were noted and participants were categorized into those who sat and did not sit cross legged, and squatters and nonsquatters. Odds ratios and chi-square tests were calculated for both these categorical variables. A subgroup analysis and stratified analysis were also performed.

Results
The Odds ratios for cross-legged sitting and squatting were not significant at 0.88 and 0.92 respectively. Sixty-nine point three percentage of the AKP cases and 72% of the controls sat cross legged (p = 0.534) and 67.6% of the AKP cases and 69.3% of controls habitually squatted (p = 0.685). Stratified analysis revealed a protective effect of cross legged sitting in AKP cases with quadriceps muscle tightness.

Conclusion
This study did not find an association between AKP and Indian habits of deep knee flexion. More than 65% of all the participants regularly engaged in these habits. Laboratory biomechanical analysis of these positions is suggested in future to understand their effect on knee joint.

Clinical significance
These positions are integral to daily habits of many Indians. The advice to AKP patients to avoid them due to their probable AKP association is not supported by the current study. Clinicians can consider the impact on the patient's quality of life before advising against these positions.

How to cite this article
Parikh TK, Arumugam S. Are Indian Habits of Cross-legged Sitting and Squatting associated with Anterior Knee Pain? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):1-6.
Spine Aid
Authors: Rai Amarjit S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Spine Aid has helped Indian children with scoliosis, educates local surgeons and promotes local centres to perform these complex operations in partnership with Uk based Spinal Surgeons. The study highlights the need for valid outcome data to confirm treatments offered are cost effective.
Dr Rai explores his Indian roots, education, and development of the charity Spine Aid.

How to cite this article
Rai AS. Spine Aid. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):53-54.
Blood Conservation in Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Verma Rajat 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Spinal deformity correction surgery can result in significant blood loss. Historically, large volumes of allogeneic blood transfusion were used in these patients. There is now an increasing awareness of the need to reduce allogeneic transfusion as there are reported adverse effects. Reducing blood loss during scoliosis surgery is a multipronged approach. This study reviews current strategies to reduce requirements for allogeneic blood transfusion for scoliosis corrective surgery.

How to cite this article
Verma R. Blood Conservation in Scoliosis Surgery. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):68-73.
Effect of Calcium Supplements on Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Events: Meta-analysis
Authors: Bolland MJ , Avenell A , Baron JA , Grey A , MacLennan GS , Gamble GD , Reid IR 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Design
Patient level and trial level meta-analyses.

Data Sources
Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966-March 2010), reference lists of meta-analyses of calcium supplements, and two clinical trial registries. Initial searches were carried out in November 2007, with electronic database searches repeated in March 2010.

Study Selection
Eligible studies were randomized, placebo controlled trials of calcium supplements (. 500 mg/day), with 100 or more participants of mean age more than 40 years and study duration more than 1 year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data. Cardiovascular outcomes were obtained from self-reports, hospital admissions and death certificates.

Results
Fifteen trials were eligible for inclusion, five with patient level data (8,151 participants, median follow-up 3.6 years, interquartile range 2.7-4.3 years) and 11 with trial level data (11,921 participants, mean duration 4.0 years). In the five studies contributing patient level data, 143 people allocated to calcium had a myocardial infarction compared with 111 allocated to placebo (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.67, p = 0.035). Nonsignificant increases occurred in the incidence of stroke (1.20, 0.96-1.50, p = 0.11), the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death (1.18, 1.00 to 1.39, p = 0.057), and death (1.09, 0.96-1.23, p = 0.18). The meta-analysis of trial level data showed similar results: 296 people had a myocardial infarction (166 allocated to calcium, 130 to placebo), with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction in those allocated to calcium (pooled relative risk 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.59, p = 0.038).

Conclusion
Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted.
Oral Presentation VII
Authors: Tominaga Yoshihiro , Okada Manabu , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hiramitsu Takahisa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The number of elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been increasing as a result of declining birth rate and aging population in Japan. The safety and effectiveness of surgical treatment in old people with PHPT are still contentious.

METHODS
We retrospectively investigated the characteristics and postoperative course in 55 patients over 70 years of age who underwent parathyroidectomy (PTX) for PHPT at our institution from February 1988 to May 2015.

RESULTS
Forty-four of the 55 patients had comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and so on. In all the cases, PTX was successfully performed and the serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium lowered. Neuropsychiatric symptoms also improved in 14 patients after PTX. Except two cases, no severe complication occurred after PTX: one developed aspiration pneumonitis and one needed hemodialysis for acute exacerbation in chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSION
Active and appropriate application of PTX might contribute to improvements in the activities of daily living and quality of life in elderly patients with PHPT.
Dentistry and US/European Patents
Authors: Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Patil Shankar Gouda 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Around the world, systems of publication and patenting help ease the tension, but successful navigation of these systems requires a combination of awareness and strategic planning. It is not a simple task for the scientist to strike a balance between publication and protection of discoveries. Patent legislation gives legal protection to new inventions once they have been patented by their owners. A patent is a temporary monopoly granted to the owner in return for disclosure of the invention to the public. This article has provided some insight of US/European patents with regards to dentistry, and will promote a better understanding of the scope and impact of a patent disclosure, and the issued claims in the field of dentistry and medicine as far as US/European patent systems are concerned.
Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements over open and coastal ocean waters: a joint retrieval algorithm for aerosol and water-leaving radiance properties
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang , Franz Bryan A. , Hu Yongxiang , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Werdell P. Jeremy , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Chase Alison 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ocean color remote sensing is a challenging task over coastal waters
due to the complex optical properties of aerosols and hydrosols. In
order to conduct accurate atmospheric correction, we previously implemented
a joint retrieval algorithm, hereafter referred to as the Multi-Angular Polarimetric Ocean coLor (MAPOL) algorithm,
to obtain the aerosol and water-leaving
signal simultaneously.
The MAPOL algorithm has been validated with synthetic
data generated by a vector radiative transfer model, and good retrieval
performance has been demonstrated in terms of both aerosol and ocean
water optical properties (Gao et al., 2018).
In this work we applied the algorithm to airborne polarimetric
measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) over both
open and coastal ocean waters acquired in two
field campaigns: the Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) in
2014 and the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study
(NAAMES) in 2015 and 2016. Two different yet related bio-optical
models are designed for ocean water properties. One model aligns with
traditional open ocean water bio-optical models that parameterize the
ocean optical properties in terms of the concentration of chlorophyll a. The other is a generalized bio-optical model for coastal waters
that includes seven free parameters to describe the absorption and
scattering by phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter, and
nonalgal particles. The retrieval errors of both aerosol optical
depth and the water-leaving radiance are evaluated. Through the
comparisons with ocean color data products from both in situ
measurements and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS), and the aerosol product from both the High Spectral
Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), the MAPOL algorithm demonstrates both flexibility and accuracy in retrieving
aerosol and water-leaving radiance properties under various aerosol
and ocean water conditions.