bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of WRRF modelling – outlook and challenges
Authors: Regmi Pusker , Stewart Heather , Amerlinck Youri , Arnell Magnus , García Pau Juan , Johnson Bruce , Maere Thomas , Miletić Ivan , Miller Mark , Rieger Leiv , Samstag Randal , Santoro Domenico , Schraa Oliver , Snowling Spencer , Takács Imre , Torfs Elena , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Villez Kris , Volcke Eveline I. P. , Weijers Stefan , Grau Paloma , Jimenez José , Rosso Diego 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The wastewater industry is currently facing dramatic changes, shifting away from energy-intensive wastewater treatment towards low-energy, sustainable technologies capable of achieving energy positive operation and resource recovery. The latter will shift the focus of the wastewater industry to how one could manage and extract resources from the wastewater, as opposed to the conventional paradigm of treatment. Debatable questions arise: can the more complex models be calibrated, or will additional unknowns be introduced? After almost 30 years using well-known International Water Association (IWA) models, should the community move to other components, processes, or model structures like ‘black box’ models, computational fluid dynamics techniques, etc.? Can new data sources – e.g. on-line sensor data, chemical and molecular analyses, new analytical techniques, off-gas analysis – keep up with the increasing process complexity? Are different methods for data management, data reconciliation, and fault detection mature enough for coping with such a large amount of information? Are the available calibration techniques able to cope with such complex models? This paper describes the thoughts and opinions collected during the closing session of the 6th IWA/WEF Water Resource Recovery Modelling Seminar 2018. It presents a concerted and collective effort by individuals from many different sectors of the wastewater industry to offer past and present insights, as well as an outlook into the future of wastewater modelling.
3D Printing Methods for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Opportunity and Challenges
Authors: Warsi Musarrat H. , Yusuf Mohammad , Al Robaian Majed , Khan Maria , Muheem Abdul , Khan Saba 
Published: December 2018

Background:
A recently FDA approved 3D printed drug is paving a path for new pharmaceutical
manufacturing era. The 3D printing is a novel approach of producing 3D pharmaceuticals from digital designs, in
a layer-by-layer fashion. However, traditional manufacturing of drug products is being carried out from decades
with well-established manufacturing processes and with well approved regulatory guidelines but these processes
are too obsolete in concern of process aptitude and manufacturing flexibility. On the other hand, 3D printing
provides a competitive flexibility in terms of personalized drug dosage forms with complex geometries that will
be made on-demand with desired drug release kinetics, hence providing the formulator a substantial provision of
improvising the safety and efficacy of the drugs. Furthermore, this novel 3D technology allows tailoring of composite
tissue scaffolds and sample models for characterization that closely mimic in-vivo simulations. Nevertheless,
certain limitations are there in terms of regulatory aspects hindering the launch of 3DP products in the market.

Methods:
Exhaustive search were made on Google Scholar and PubMed databases concerning 3-D printing
methods, drug delivery applications, and past to present evolution of personalized medicine.

Results:
Although a high magnitude of progress have been made on 3-D printing techniques in a short span of
time, still inkjet, nozzle-based deposition, stereolithography and selective laser sintering techniques are the most
popular ones. Their application is adapted in the fabrication of tablets, implants, polypills and nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
3D printing is revolutionizing the pharma expectations towards customized medicines but still there
is a need to explore the aspects of cost, flexibility and bioequivalence. The present review provides a comprehensive
account of various 3D printing technologies and highlights the opportunities and key challenges of 3D printing
relevant to pharmaceuticals.
Microwave Irradiation Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Series of Novel Fivemembered Heterocyclic Mono-Imine Compounds
Authors: Su Biyun , Li Yaning , Pan Dandan , Faida Paison , Yan Tingyu , Qu Zhan 
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective:
The late transition metal complexes with five-membered heterocyclic
mono-imine ligands have attracted much attention because of their potential application in olefin polymerization
catalysis. In order to increase the coordination ability of heteroatom N and S to center metals, CH3 group
was introduced into the side arm of pyrrole imine and thiophene imine respectively, to get two series of novel
five-membered heterocyclic imine compounds, mono(imino)pyrroles and mono(imino)thiophenes

Materials and Methods:
Two series of novel five-membered heterocyclic compounds with the mono-imine
group were synthesized from the p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyzed Schiff base condensation of aromatic
amines and 2-acetylpyrrole/ 2-acetylthiophene respectively, using CH3 group to substitute the common H atom
on the side arm of pyrrole imine/ thiophene imine.

Results:
All the heterocyclic mono-imine compounds were characterized adequately by means of 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, FT-IR, elementary analysis, as well as X-ray crystallographic diffraction. The reactivity differences
between two precursor 2-acetylpyrrole and 2-acetylthiophene with aromatic amines were compared and
discussed in detail.

Conclusion:
Compared to traditional heating methods, the solvent-free microwave irradiation seemed more
efficient to prepare these series of five-membered heterocyclic mono-imine compounds, which resulted in a
higher yield and cleaner product.
Green Formation of Novel Pyridinyltriazole-Salicylidene Schiff Bases
Authors: Gümüş Mustafa Kemal 
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective:
In this work, water was used as solvent for the eco-friendly synthesis of imines
under microwave irradiation. In the first step of the study, 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochlorides
were synthesized in the reaction of amino guanidine hydrochloride with different pyridine carboxylic acids under
acid catalysis. A green method for 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles was developed with the assistance
of microwave synthesis. In the second step, the eco-friendly synthesis of imines was achieved by reacting 5-
pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine hydrochlorides with salicylic aldehyde derivatives to produce 2-(5-
pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol imines.

Materials and Methods:
Microwave experiments were done using a monomode Anton Paar Monowave 300
microwave reactor (2.45 GHz). Reaction temperatures were monitored by an IR sensor. Microwave experiments
were carried out in sealed microwave process vials G10 with maximum reaction volume of 10 mL.

Results:
When alternative methods were used, it was impossible to obtain good yields from ethanol. Nevertheless,
the use of water was successful for this reaction. After 1-h microwave irritation, a yellow solid was obtained
in 82% yield.

Conclusion:
In this work an eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of Schiff bases from 5-(pyridin-2-, 3- or 4-
yl)-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and substituted salicylic aldehydes in water under microwave irradiation was developed.
Under the found conditions the high yields for the products were achieved at short reaction time and
with an easy isolation procedure.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antibacterial Effect of the Aerial Part Extracts of Thymus pallidus Coss
Authors: Benslama Abderrahim , Boumerfeg Sabah , Aouachria Sana , Guemmaz Thoraya , Arrar Lekhmici , Khennouf Seddik , Baghiani Abderrahmene 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The Algerian medicinal plant Thymus pallidus Coss. is traditionally known
to be used as an anti-infective, expectorant, healer of wounds and against inflammatory and gastrointestinal
diseases.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidants and the antibacterial activities
of the aerial part extracts of this plant.

Methods:
Polyphenols extraction was performed with methanol 85%, followed by preliminary fractionation
based on the polarity of the solvent. The extraction and fractionation process gave the crude
extract (CrE), chloroform extract (ChE), ethyl acetate extract (EtAE) and aqueous extract (AqE). The
antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated using in vitro assays. While the antimicrobial activity
was determined using disk diffusion method.

Results:
Quantitative analysis of polyphenol and flavonoids showed that EtAE includes the highest
amount (P≤0.001) with 495.12±1.91 μg GAE/mg of extract and 97.25±2.84 μg QE/mg of extract, for
both polyphenols and flavonoids respectively. The results of the antioxidant activity of extracts
showed that the EtAE exhibited the highest inhibition activity on XO (IC50 =51.6±0.2 μg/ml) compared
to other extracts (P≤0.001). Moreover, the EtAE was the most effective fraction in free radical
scavenging assay against ABTS radical and hydrogen peroxide (EC50= 3.21±0.03 μg/ml and EC50
=12.12±0.05 μg/ml, respectively) compared to other extracts (P≤0.01). Using β-carotene/ linoleic acid
bleaching assay, the AqE and ChE recorded a considerable inhibition effect on linoleic acid oxidation
with a ratio of 81.81% and 80.86%, respectively. In the antimicrobial activity evaluation, the extracts
exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strain, with inhibition zone ranging
from 07 to 14 mm. In addition, the EtAE showed a good action spectrum against six bacterial strains.
In conclusion, the EtAE of Thymus pallidus showed good antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect.

Conclusion:
The obtained results revealed the presence of a strong correlation between the antioxidant
and antibacterial activities of the extract and its total phenolic content. Furthermore, they reported
that the EtAE has a considerable antioxidant capacity. This can be considered as an alternative natural
source of antioxidants used generally as additives in food and pharmaceutical preparation.
Evaluation of Hospital Discharge Prescriptions in the Elderly and Younger Adults Using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index
Authors: Balodiya Sujit , Kamath Ashwin 
Published: December 2018

Background:Advances in the clinical management of diseases have been accompanied by
increasing complexity of treatment regimens. The complexity of medication regimen is of concern for
patients as well as doctors as it may adversely affect patient compliance and treatment outcomes. It
may result in medication errors, increased utilization of health resources owing to a reduction in
treatment effectiveness, and increased risk of therapeutic failure.

Objective:This study aimed to assess the complexity of medication regimen prescribed to patients on
hospital discharge using the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI).

Methods:A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Hospital discharge prescriptions written
for patients discharged from the General Medicine wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South
India were scored for their complexity using MRCI. The correlation of age and gender with the MRCI
scores was also assessed. Patients ≥60 years of age were considered elderly.

Results:The median MRCI score for 563 prescriptions studied was 14 (Interquartile range, 9−21).
Elderly patients received a significantly more complex medication regimen compared with younger
patients (p < 0.001) at the time of hospital discharge. Gender variation was seen with higher MRCI
scores in females, but this was not statistically significant in the elderly group.

Conclusion:MRCI scores are significantly high in elderly patients at the time of hospital discharge.
Although a strong correlation is seen between the number of medications and the MRCI score, the
latter helps to distinguish regimen complexity between prescriptions with the same number of
medications.
Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation: First Line Treatment and Beyond
Authors: Rocco Danilo , Battiloro Ciro , Gravara Luigi Della , Gridelli Cesare 
Published: December 2018

Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, being responsible for more than 1.6 million deaths each year worldwide and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers; moreover, 10 to 15% of all NSCLCs harbor EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) activating mutations, being suitable for EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) molecular targeted therapy. However, EGFR+ NSCLCs gain acquired resistance to these agents, representing one of the key challenges for modern precision oncology.Objective:herefore, this paper aims to provide an extensive state of the art review, alongside with hints about future perspectives.Conclusion:To date, in the light of the data from the FLAURA study, osimertinib represents the best first-line option in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutations; EGFR-TKI plus chemotherapy combination therapies, even though interesting, must still be considered investigational.
Study of a New Plaster Composite Based on Dune Sand and Expanded Polystyrene as Aggregates
Authors: Laoubi Hamza , Bederina Madani , Djoudi Amina , Goullieux Adeline , Dheilly Rose Marie , Queneudec Michele 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:This study aims to highlight the physicomechanical properties of a new lightweight construction material which is composed of plaster as a binder and dune sand and Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) as aggregates.Methods:For this purpose, different mixtures were designed with different percentages and particle sizes of EPS aggregates in order to test the porosity, the density and the thermo-mechanical properties of the studied composite. Furthermore, Electron Microscopy (EM) visualisation and SEM analysis were used for the study of the structure and the interface “paste-aggregates”.Results and Conclusion:The obtained results showed that the progressive incorporation of an increasing percentage of PSE decreases the density of the plaster composite and consequently improves its thermal properties. As expected, the mechanical strength decreases with the increase of the EPS content, but relatively good mechanical strength can be obtained with low quantities of EPS. Concerning the material structure, it should be noted that the composite appears more or less homogeneous and the EPS beads adhere well to the plaster matrix.
Brain Tumor Detection from MR Images Employing Fuzzy Graph Cut Technique
Authors: Dogra Jyotsna , Jain Shruti , Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Rajiv , Sood Meenakshi 
Published: December 2018

Background:
This research aims at the accurate selection of the seed points from the
brain MRI image for the detection of the tumor region. Since, the conventional way of manual seed
selection leads to inappropriate tumor extraction therefore, fuzzy clustering technique is employed
for the accurate seed selection for performing the segmentation through graph cut method.

Methods:
In the proposed method Fuzzy Kernel Seed Selection technique is used to define the complete
brain MRI image into different groups of similar intensity. Among these groups the most accurate
kernels are selected empirically that show highest resemblance with the tumor. The concept of
fuzziness helps making the selection even at the boundary regions.

Results:
The proposed Fuzzy kernel selection technique is applied on the BraTS dataset. Among the
four modalities, the proposed technique is applied on Flair images. This dataset consists of Low
Grade Glioma (LGG) and High Grade Glioma (HGG) tumor images. The experiment is conducted
on more than 40 images and validated by evaluating the following performance metrics: 1. Disc
Similarity Coefficient (DSC), 2. Jaccard Index (JI) and 3. Positive Predictive Value (PPV). The
mean DSC and PPV values obtained for LGG images are 0.89 and 0.87 respectively; and for HGG
images it is 0.92 and 0.90 respectively.

Conclusion:
On comparing the proposed Fuzzy kernel selection graph cut technique approach with
the existing techniques it is observed that the former provides an automatic accurate tumor detection.
It is highly efficient and can provide a better performance for HGG and LGG tumor segmentation in
clinical application.
Source Redundancy Management and Host Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Singh Vijander , Sharma Gourav , Poonia Ramesh C. , Trivedi Narendra K. , Raja Linesh 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a Software application which gives the
facility to monitor the traffic of network, event or activities on network and finds out any malicious
operation if present.

Objective:
In this paper, a new protocol was developed that can detect the Wireless Network Attack
based on the reference of TCP/IP Model. In the proposed system the new feature is integrated in the
IDS which are built in the router itself.

Methods:
If any intruder tries to connect with router, intruder has to authenticate himself/herself. To
find the authentication key the intruder attacks on the router to matches the authentication key with
the key which he/she has. The intruder has a file with the multiple different keys in it and with that
file intruder applies a brute-force attack on the router, the brute-force checks every key of the file by
applying them on the router when a key matches with the authenticated key the brute-force software
inform the intruder about the key matching. The IDS of the router will checks the rapid tries arriving
from the same MAC address, if any MAC address tries the false key many of time than the IDS will
identify the MAC as intruder and inform the system administrator about the intrusion by popping up
a message on the system of the administrator.

Results:
Simulation of the two different scenarios is done by using the Network simulator (NS 2)
and NAM (Network animator). In scenario 1 the node 1 is intruder and the IDS protocols have figure
it out. The intruder is labeled as 2. In scenario 2 node 1 is the sentinel node and it gets connected to
router after authentication.

Results:
The mechanism can detect a false node in the network which is major threat in WSNs.
Result has been evaluated the performance of IDS protocol by using Ad-hoc On Demand Distance
Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol for routing.
Клінічно-організаційні особливості надання травматологічної допомоги пораненим із дефектами м’яких тканин при вогнепальних та мінно-вибухових ушкодженнях кінцівок
Authors: Khomenko I.P. , Korol S.O. , Korol S.O. , Matviichuk B.V. , Matviichuk B.V. 
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження: покращити результати надання травматологічної допомоги пораненим із дефектами м’яких тканин на основі впровадження диференційованої хірургічної тактики закриття ран на етапах медичної евакуації (ЕМЕ). Матеріали та методи. Загальний масив дослідження становили 2051 поранений з осколковими, кульовими та мінно­вибуховими ушкодженнями кінцівок, що трапилися з квітня 2014 р. по вереснь 2016 р. Визначення хірургічної тактики закриття дефектів м’яких тканин здійснювали на основі метричної класифікації з урахуванням площі, обсягу й анатомічних зон ушкодження. Результати. Поєднання метричних характеристик ранових дефектів за площею, обсягом із локалізацією поранень в єдину класифікацію дозволило запропонувати комплексний підхід до сортування поранених на ЕМЕ і визначити подальшу хірургічну тактику закриття дефектів м’яких тканин. Відповідно до сортувально­евакуаційного призначення поранених із вогнепальними ушкодженнями стопи та кисті (третя зона ушкодження) лікували в спеціалізованих центрах ІІІ та IV рівнів. При середніх та великих ранах стегна, гомілки, плеча та передпліччя медичну допомогу надавали на ЕМЕ ІІ та ІІІ рівнів, при великих та надвеликих ранах означеної локалізації — в спеціалізованих клініках IV рівня. Висновки. Впровдження диференційованої хірургічної тактики в поранених із дефектами м’яких тканин дозволило покращити функціональні результати: збільшити питому вагу добрих — з 46,9 до 53,7 %, зменшити відносну кількість незадовільних — з 18,8 до 11,6 %.
Исследование медико-социальных и организационных аспектов предоставления экстренной медицинской помощи населению Харьковского региона
Authors: Fedak B.S. , Zabashta V.F. , Lobova I.O. , Liermontova Yu.O. 
Published: December 2018

Актуальность. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в мире около 20 % людей умирает из-за отсутствия квалифицированной медицинской помощи на догоспитальном этапе, что определяет возрастание роли экстренной медицинской помощи (ЭМП) населению в системе здравоохранения. Именно поэтому обеспечение бесплатной, своевременной и эффективной медицинской помощью населения Украины при состояниях, угрожающих жизни больных, является одной из важнейших задач в сфере здравоохранения страны. Для исполнения положений Закона Украины «Об экстренной медицинской помощи» работа КУЗ «Центр экстренной медицинской помощи и медицины катастроф» (ЦЭМП и МК) Харьковской области в течение 2013–2017 гг. была направлена на улучшение показателей службы ЭМП и повышение ее качества. Цель — анализ динамики основных показателей деятельности службы ЭМП Харьковской области и разработка направлений совершенствования системы ЭМП. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ отчетной документации учреждения «Центр экстренной медицинской помощи и медицины катастроф» Харьковской области за 2013–2017 гг. В ходе выполнения исследования использованы ретроспективный, статистический и математический методы анализа. Результаты. На сегодняшний день актуальной кадровой проблемой службы ЭМП и МК, вызванной крайне низкой материальной мотивацией, является дефицит работников. Так, согласно результатам проведенного исследования установлено, что показатель укомплектованности врачами в 2017 г. составляет 66,2 % (против 57,8 % в 2013 г.), средним медицинским персоналом — 84,7 % (против 86,0 % в 2013 г.), младшим медицинским персоналом — 73,7 % (против 82,5% в 2013 г.), водителями бригад ЭМП — 71,0 % (против 85,1 % в 2013 г.). За последние 5 лет увеличилось на 44,8 % среднесуточное количество обслуженных лиц бригадами ЭМП. При этом самый высокий уровень нагрузки приходится на врачебную общепрофильную бригаду и составляет 16,9 вызовов, самый низкий — на психиатрическую бригаду (7,7 вызова). В структуре причин вызовов в течение исследуемого периода преобладали выезды на внезапные заболевания (79,3 %) и несчастные случаи, травмы и отравления (10,4 %). При этом показатель своевременного прибытия бригад ЭМП на вызовы в городах составлял 97,8 % от общего количества экстренных вызовов, в условиях сельской местности региона — 98,1 %. Выводы. На основании результатов проведенного исследования авторами выявлены основные проблемы в организации оказания ЭМП населению и предложены основные направления ее совершенствования, что при успешной реализации позволит максимально удовлетворить потребности населения и рационально использовать все виды ресурсов системы здравоохранения.