bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Sequences for Three Strains of Kocuria rosea, Including the Type Strain
Authors: Trachtenberg Ariel M. , Goen Abigail E. , MacLea Kyle S. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Genomes from three strains of
Kocuria rosea
were sequenced.
K. rosea
ATCC 186, the type strain, was 3,958,612 bp in length with a total G+C content of 72.70%. When assembled,
K. rosea
ATCC 516 was 3,862,128 bp with a 72.82% G+C content.
K. rosea
ATCC 49321 was 4,018,783 bp in size with a 72.49% G+C content.
Morphological and topographical appearance of microaneurysms on optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Schreur Vivian , Domanian Artin , Liefers Bart , Venhuizen Freerk G , Klevering B Jeroen , Hoyng Carel B , de Jong Eiko K , Theelen Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo investigate retinal microaneurysms in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to their location and morphology in relationship to their clinical properties, leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and retinal thickening on structural OCT.MethodsOCTA and FFA images of 31 eyes of 24 subjects were graded for the presence of microaneurysms. The topographical and morphological appearance of microaneurysms on OCTA was evaluated and classified. For each microaneurysm, the presence of focal leakage on FFA and associated retinal thickening on OCT was determined.ResultsOf all microaneurysms flagged on FFA, 295 out of 513 (58%) were also visible on OCTA. Microaneurysms with focal leakage and located in a thickened retinal area were more likely to be detected on OCTA than not leaking microaneurysms in non-thickened retinal areas (p=0.001). Most microaneurysms on OCTA were seen in the intermediate (23%) and deep capillary plexus (22%). Of all microaneurysms visualised on OCTA, saccular microaneurysms were detected most often (31%), as opposed to pedunculated microaneurysms (9%). Irregular, fusiform and mixed fusiform/saccular-shaped microaneurysms had the highest likeliness to leak and to be located in thickened retinal areas (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.001).ConclusionsRetinal microaneurysms in DME could be classified topographically and morphologically by OCTA. OCTA detected less microaneurysms than FFA, and this appeared to be dependent on leakage activity and retinal thickening. Morphological appearance of microaneurysms (irregular, fusiform and mixed saccular/fusiform) was associated with increased leakage activity and retinal thickening.
Dysnatremia among runners in a half marathon performed under warm and humid conditions
Authors: Martinez-Cano Juan Pablo , Cortes-Castillo Valeria , Martinez-Villa Juliana , Ramos Juan Carlos , Uribe Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundDysnatremia has been associated with sports activity, especially long-distance running and endurance sports. High fluid intake is associated with hyponatremia. This study aims to evaluate dysnatremia and risk factors in half-marathon runners under warm and humid environmental conditions. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among randomly selected runners in the 2017 Cali half marathon. Runners on diuretic therapy or with a known history of kidney disease were excluded. Participants went through a 2-day assessment. Previous medical history, training history, body mass index and running history were determined in the first assessment. Symptoms of dysnatremia and level of fluid consumption during the race were registered during the second assessment and post-run blood sampling for serum [Na+] was also undertaken. Results130 runners were included in the study. The complete 2-day assessment was performed on 81 participants (62%) that were included in the final analysis. No cases of hyponatremia were found; instead, there were six cases of asymptomatic hypernatremia (7.4%). This hypernatremia had a statistically significant association with lower frequency (p=0.01) and volume of fluid intake during the race (water: p=0.02, Gatorade: p=0.04). ConclusionHyponatremia has been associated with high fluid intake in races performed under cool weather, such as the Boston Marathon during spring. In contrast, hypernatremia was found in a half marathon in warm and humid weather, which was associated with lower volume and frequency of fluid intake, suggesting that under warm and humid conditions, a median fluid intake of 900 mL during the race could prevent this event.
Use of routinely captured echocardiographic data in the diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Bradley Steven M , Foag Katie , Monteagudo Khua , Rush Pam , Strauss Craig E , Gössl Mario , Sorajja Paul 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the implications of applying guideline-recommended definitions of aortic stenosis to echocardiographic data captured in routine clinical care.MethodsRetrospective observational study of 213 174 patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiographic imaging within Allina Health between January 2013 and October 2017. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of echocardiographic measures for severe aortic stenosis were determined relative to the documented interpretation of severe aortic stenosis.ResultsAmong 77 067 patients with complete assessment of the aortic valve, 1219 (1.6%) patients were categorised as having severe aortic stenosis by the echocardiographic reader. Relative to the documented interpretation, aortic valve area (AVA) as a measure of severe aortic stenosis had the high sensitivity (94.1%) but a low positive predictive value (37.5%). Aortic valve peak velocity and mean gradient were specific (>99%), but less sensitive (<70%). A measure incorporating peak velocity, mean gradient and dimensionless index (either by velocity time integral or peak velocity ratio) achieved a balance of sensitivity (92%) and specificity (99%) with little detriment in accuracy relative to peak velocity and mean gradient alone (98.9% vs 99.3%). Using all available data, the proportion of patients whose echocardiogram could be assessed for aortic stenosis was 79.8% as compared with 52.7% by documented interpretation alone.ConclusionA measure that used dimensionless index in place of AVA addressed discrepancies between quantitative echocardiographic data and the documented interpretation of severe aortic stenosis. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the limitations of clinical data as it relates to quality improvement efforts and pragmatic research design.
Mortality in adult patients with fluid overload evaluated by BIVA upon admission to the emergency department
Authors: Kammar-García Ashuin , Pérez-Morales Ziv , Castillo-Martinez Lilia , Villanueva-Juárez José Luis , Bernal-Ceballos Fernanda , Rocha-González Héctor Isaac , Remolina-Schlig Miguel , Hernández-Gilsoul Thierry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurpose of the studyThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of fluid overload, measured by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and also by accumulated fluid balance, with 30-day mortality rates in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).DesignWe conducted a prospective observational study of fluid overload using BIVA, taking measures using a multiple-frequency whole-body tetrapolar equipment. Accumulated fluid balances were obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours from ED admission and its association with 30-day mortality.Patients109 patients admitted to the ED classified as fluid overloaded by both methods.ResultsAccording to BIVA, 71.6% (n=78) of patients had fluid overload on ED admission. These patients were older and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. During a median follow-up period of 30 days, 32.1% (n=25) of patients with fluid overload evaluated by BIVA died versus none with normovolaemia (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients with and without fluid overload as assessed by accumulated fluid balance (p=0.81).ConclusionsFluid overload on admission evaluated by BIVA was significantly related to mortality in patients admitted to the ED.
Interhemispheric dominance switching in a neural network model for birdsong
Authors: Galvis Daniel , Wu Wei , Hyson Richard L. , Johnson Frank , Bertram Richard 
Published: June 2018

Male zebra finches produce a sequence-invariant set of syllables, separated by short inspiratory gaps. These songs are learned from an adult tutor and maintained throughout life, making them a tractable model system for learned, sequentially ordered behaviors, particularly speech production. Moreover, much is known about the cortical, thalamic, and brain stem areas involved in producing this behavior, with the premotor cortical nucleus HVC (proper name) being of primary importance. In a previous study, our group developed a behavioral neural network model for birdsong constrained by the structural connectivity of the song system, the signaling properties of individual neurons and circuits, and circuit-breaking behavioral studies. Here we describe a more computationally tractable model and use it to explain the behavioral effects of unilateral cooling and electrical stimulations of HVC on song production. The model demonstrates that interhemispheric switching of song control is sufficient to explain these results, consistent with the hypotheses proposed when the experiments were initially conducted. Finally, we use the model to make testable predictions that can be used to validate the model framework and explain the effects of other perturbations of the song system, such as unilateral ablations of the primary input and output nuclei of HVC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this report, we propose a two-hemisphere neural network model for the bilaterally symmetrical song system underlying birdsong in the male zebra finch. This model captures the behavioral effects of unilateral cooling and electrical stimulations of the premotor cortical nucleus HVC during song production, supporting the hypothesis of interhemispheric switching of song control. We use the model to make testable predictions regarding the behavioral effects of other unilateral perturbations to the song system.
Natural echolocation sequences evoke echo-delay selectivity in the auditory midbrain of the FM bat, Eptesicus fuscus
Authors: Macías Silvio , Luo Jinhong , Moss Cynthia F. 
Published: June 2018

Echolocating bats must process temporal streams of sonar sounds to represent objects along the range axis. Neuronal echo-delay tuning, the putative mechanism of sonar ranging, has been characterized in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the mustached bat, an insectivorous species that produces echolocation calls consisting of constant frequency and frequency modulated (FM) components, but not in species that use FM signals alone. This raises questions about the mechanisms that give rise to echo-delay tuning in insectivorous bats that use different signal designs. To investigate whether stimulus context may account for species differences in echo-delay selectivity, we characterized single-unit responses in the IC of awake passively listening FM bats, Eptesicus fuscus, to broadcasts of natural sonar call-echo sequences, which contained dynamic changes in signal duration, interval, spectrotemporal structure, and echo-delay. In E. fuscus, neural selectivity to call-echo delay emerges in a population of IC neurons when stimulated with call-echo pairs presented at intervals mimicking those in a natural sonar sequence. To determine whether echo-delay selectivity also depends on the spectrotemporal features of individual sounds within natural sonar sequences, we studied responses to computer-generated echolocation signals that controlled for call interval, duration, bandwidth, sweep rate, and echo-delay. A subpopulation of IC neurons responded selectively to the combination of the spectrotemporal structure of natural call-echo pairs and their temporal patterning within a dynamic sonar sequence. These new findings suggest that the FM bat’s fine control over biosonar signal parameters may modulate IC neuronal selectivity to the dimension of echo-delay. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Echolocating bats perform precise auditory temporal computations to estimate their distance to objects. Here, we report that response selectivity of neurons in the inferior colliculus of a frequency modulated bat to call-echo delay, or target range tuning, depends on the temporal patterning and spectrotemporal features of sound elements in a natural echolocation sequence. We suggest that echo responses to objects at different distances are gated by the bat’s active control over the spectrotemporal patterning of its sonar emissions.
Long-term effects of direct current are reproduced by intermittent depolarization of myelinated nerve fibers
Authors: Bączyk M. , Jankowska E. 
Published: June 2018

Direct current (DC) potently increases the excitability of myelinated afferent fibers in the dorsal columns, both during DC polarization of these fibers and during a considerable (>1 h) postpolarization period. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether similarly long-lasting changes in the excitability of myelinated nerve fibers in the dorsal columns may be evoked by field potentials following stimulation of peripheral afferents and by subthreshold epidurally applied current pulses. The experiments were performed in deeply anesthetized rats. The effects were monitored by changes in nerve volleys evoked in epidurally stimulated hindlimb afferents and in the synaptic actions of these afferents. Both were found to be facilitated during as well as following stimulation of a skin nerve and during as well as following epidurally applied current pulses of 5- to 10-ms duration. The facilitation occurring ≤2 min after skin nerve stimulation could be linked to both primary afferent depolarization and large dorsal horn field potentials, whereas the subsequent changes (up to 1 h) were attributable to effects of the field potentials. The findings lead to the conclusion that the modulation of spinal activity evoked by DC does not require long-lasting polarization and that relatively short current pulses and intrinsic field potentials may contribute to plasticity in spinal activity. These results suggest the possibility of enhancing the effects of epidural stimulation in human subjects by combining it with polarizing current pulses and peripheral afferent stimulation and not only with continuous DC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The aim of this study was to define conditions under which a long-term increase is evoked in the excitability of myelinated nerve fibers. The results demonstrate that a potent and long-lasting increase in the excitability of afferent fibers traversing the dorsal columns may be induced by synaptically evoked intrinsic field as well as by epidurally applied intermittent current pulses. They thus provide a new means for the facilitation of the effects of epidural stimulation.
LDHA in Neuroblastoma Is Associated with Poor Outcome and Its Depletion Decreases Neuroblastoma Growth Independent of Aerobic Glycolysis
Authors: Dorneburg Carmen , Fischer Matthias , Barth Thomas F.E. , Mueller-Klieser Wolfgang , Hero Barbara , Gecht Judith , Carter Daniel R. , de Preter Katleen , Mayer Benjamin , Christner Lisa , Speleman Frank , Marshall Glenn M. , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Beltinger Christian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an important component of the LDH tetramer crucial for aerobic glycolysis, is associated with patient outcome and constitutes a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma (NB).
Experimental Design: Expression of LDHA mRNA and protein was determined in 709 and 110 NB patient samples, respectively, and correlated with survival and risk factors. LDHA and LDHB were depleted in human NB cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA, respectively, and aerobic glycolysis, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity were determined. Expression of LDHA in relation to MYCN was measured in NB cell lines and in the TH-MYCN NB mouse model.
Results: Expression of LDHA, both on the mRNA and the protein level, was significantly and independently associated with decreased patient survival. Predominant cytoplasmic localization of LDHA protein was associated with poor outcome. Amplification and expression of MYCN did not correlate with expression of LDHA in NB cell lines or TH-MYCN mice, respectively. Knockout of LDHA inhibited clonogenicity, tumorigenicity, and tumor growth without abolishing LDH activity or significantly decreasing aerobic glycolysis. Concomitant depletion of LDHA and the isoform LDHB ablated clonogenicity while not abrogating LDH activity or decreasing aerobic glycolysis. The isoform LDHC was not expressed.
Conclusions: High expression of LDHA is independently associated with outcome of NB, and NB cells can be inhibited by depletion of LDHA or LDHB. This inhibition appears to be unrelated to LDH activity and aerobic glycolysis. Thus, investigations of inhibitory mechanisms beyond attenuation of aerobic glycolysis are warranted, both in NB and normal cells. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5772–83. ©2018 AACR.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НАДАННЯ ЕКСТРЕНОЇ ДОГОСПІТАЛЬНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИМ З ТОРАКАЛЬНОЮ ТРАВМОЮ
Authors: Liakhovych R. M. , Savchuk V. M. , Doroshenko B. V. , Doroshenko B. V. , Kitsak Y. M. 
Published: June 2018

Статтю присвячено оцінці діяльності бригад екстреної (швидкої) медичної допомоги при діагностиці та виявленні торакальної травми. Висвітлено базові сучасні методики виконання первинного та вторинного обстеження постраждалих із такими ушкодженнями. Розглянуто найбільш типові варіанти цієї патології та особливості надання екстреної медичної допомоги відповідно до сучасних клінічних протоколів із медицини невідкладних станів.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Engineered Heart Tissue as a Sensitive Test System for QT Prolongation and Arrhythmic Triggers
Authors: Lemoine Marc D. , Krause Tobias , Koivumäki Jussi T. , Prondzynski Maksymilian , Schulze Mirja L. , Girdauskas Evaldas , Willems Stephan , Hansen Arne , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten 
Published: June 2018

Background:

Cardiac repolarization abnormalities in drug-induced and genetic long-QT syndrome may lead to afterdepolarizations and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) should help to overcome the limitations of animal models based on species differences in repolarization reserve. Here, we compared head-to-head the contribution of
I
Ks
(long QT1) and
I
Kr
(long QT2) on action potentials (APs) in human left ventricular (LV) tissue and hiPSC-CM–derived engineered heart tissue (EHT).

Methods:
APs were measured with sharp microelectrodes in EHT from 3 different control hiPSC-CM lines and in tissue preparations from failing LV.

Results:

EHT from hiPSC-CMs showed spontaneous diastolic depolarization and AP generation that were sensitive to low concentrations of ivabradine.
I
Kr
block by E-4031 prolonged AP duration at 90% repolarization with similar half-effective concentration in EHT and LV but larger effect size in EHT (+281 versus +110 ms in LV). Although
I
Kr
block alone evoked early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in 50% of EHTs, slow pacing, reduced extracellular K
+
, and blocking of
I
Kr
,
I
Ks
, and
I
K1
were necessary to induce early afterdepolarizations in LV. In accordance with their clinical safety, moxifloxacin and verapamil did not induce early afterdepolarizations in EHT. In both EHT and LV,
I
Ks
block by HMR-1556 prolonged AP duration at 90% repolarization slightly in the combined presence of E-4031 and isoprenaline.

Conclusions:

EHT from hiPSC-CMs shows a lower repolarization reserve than human LV working myocardium and could thereby serve as a sensitive and specific human-based model for repolarization studies and arrhythmia, similar to Purkinje fibers. In both human LV and EHT,
I
Ks
only contributed to repolarization under adrenergic stimulation.
Communal Boundaries and Confessional Policies in Ottoman Niš
Authors: Riedler Florian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on communal boundaries in nineteenth-century Ottoman Niš, a city located in what is today southern Serbia. In particular, it explores the implications of Robert Hayden’s model of “antagonistic tolerance” for Ottoman urban history. In a first step, by taking into consideration the urban form of Niš from a long-term historical perspective, we consider how urban space was divided between inhabitants with different religious backgrounds. The article then turns to consider the symbolic boundaries that existed between confessional groups in nineteenth-century Niš, which can be traced by looking at the construction of churches and mosques. By examining the ways in which communal boundaries were expressed, negotiated and changed through church and mosque buildings, we can begin to render the confessional policies of the Ottoman authorities more transparent.
Administrative Boundaries, Communal Segregation and Factional Territorialisation: The Complex Nature of Urban Boundaries in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Lafi Nora , Riedler Florian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article offers an approach to Ottoman urban history that puts boundaries at the focus of attention. It serves as an introduction to four case studies exploring social, communal and political boundaries in different Ottoman cities from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century. Our understanding of boundaries rests on a theoretical approach that considers urban space as a collection of socially constructed territories whose boundaries have important functions that serve to structure urban life. From a long-term perspective boundaries can also serve as a heuristic tool to examine the transition from the Ottoman to the post-Ottoman period and its effects on urban environments. In conclusion, the article explores in how far Ottoman urban boundaries in their various transformations can explain present-day urban situations.
Trust towards Conventional Businesses and E-Businesses by Socioeconomic Status in China
Authors: Fong Eric , Lee Trevor Tsz Lok , Shibuya Kumiko , Wang Junxiu , Yang Yiyin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study explores how socioeconomic resources are related to trust in conventional businesses and e-businesses in China. Based on data collected in 2013 from three major cities, the authors found that people who perceived themselves as upper-class were more likely to trust both conventional businesses and e-businesses. Further analysis also suggested that people with self-perceived higher status were more likely to trust conventional businesses than e-businesses. The authors suggest that people with more socioeconomic resources are likely to be able to exchange their socioeconomic resources for other resources. They can command more resources to influence and extend their social network for their own benefit. In addition, those with more socioeconomic resources usually know how to utilize institutional arrangements to their benefit.