bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Determination of Antioxidant Capacity of Food Samples Using Continuous Amperometric Detection on Polyester Screen‐printed Graphitic Electrodes
Authors: Arantes Iana V. S. , Stefano Jéssica S. , Sousa Raquel M. F. , Richter Eduardo M. , Foster Christopher W. , Banks Craig E. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe determination of antioxidant capacity of food samples using disposable polyester screen‐printed graphitic macroelectrodes (SPGE) coupled with a batch‐injection cell based on the measurement of the consumption of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) is reported. The SPGEs are organic‐resistant electrodes and thus compatible with food samples and organic solvents used to dissolve DPPH.. A micropipette controlled the release (193 μL s−1) of sample (150 μL) upon the sensor/working electrode immersed in electrolyte (1 : 1 ethanol/methanol containing 0.05 mol L−1 LiCl). The first demonstration of this protocol was devoted to the analysis of edible oils. The remaining DPPH. was amperometrically detected at +0.1 V (vs. pseudo AgCl). The antioxidant capacity (percentage of DPPH. scavenging and mg equivalent of tocopherol) was obtained using the proposed and spectrophotometric methods. The results were in agreement according to t‐test (confidence level of 95 %). The method is precise (RSD=2.3 %, n=12), fast (180 h−1), presents low detection limit of DPPH. (1 μmol L−1), and allows on‐site analysis. Moreover, the proposed method can be extended to the analysis of antioxidant capacity of other samples of agricultural and food interests.
DNA translocation through polyelectrolyte‐modified nanopores: An analytical approximation
Authors: Das Pradipta Kr. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn analytical model for the electrophoretic speed of DNA translocating through nanopore functionalized with polyelectrolyte (PE) brush is developed for the first time. The electrophoretic speed depends on DNA surface potential, applied electric field, viscosity, and permittivity of solution along with velocity and electrostatic potential at liquid–polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) interface where the interface seemed to behave similar to that of a solid‐state nanopore wall. Under the limit of Debye–Hückel linearization, the electrostatic potential at liquid–PEL interface and at DNA surface have been calculated. Velocity at liquid–PEL interface has been estimated by assuming a linear variation of hydrodynamic frictional force within the PEL. It is observed that velocity and electrostatic potential at liquid–PEL interface strongly depend on PE charge density and softness parameter. Present analytical results show excellent agreement with exact numerical results (i.e., without any approximation) at a higher salt concentration where Debye–Hückel linearization is applicable.
Cognitive remediation therapy for adolescent inpatients with severe and complex anorexia nervosa: A treatment trial
Authors: Harrison Amy , Stavri Pamela , Ormond Lynn , McEnemy Francine , Akyol Dilan , Qureshi Annum , Al‐Khairulla Hind 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is a low‐intensity treatment adjunct for individuals with severe and complex anorexia nervosa (AN) with difficulties in globally oriented, flexible thinking. Previously trialled in adults, this study investigated whether individual and group CRT was a feasible, acceptable, and beneficial treatment for 125 adolescent inpatients with severe and complex AN. Seventy patients (mean age = 15.22, SD = 1.44) received 10 sessions of individual CRT, and 55 patients (mean age = 14.89, SD = 1.74) received 10 sessions of group CRT. In individual CRT, 1 patient (1.43%) dropped out, and there were medium‐sized improvements in bigger picture thinking and set‐shifting, small to large‐sized improvements in switching‐related initiation and inhibition skills, and large‐sized improvements in motivation to recover. Group CRT had higher dropout (9.09%; n = 5) and produced small‐sized improvements in global information processing and medium‐sized improvements in self‐reported cognitive flexibility and high acceptability ratings. Data suggest that a randomised controlled trial for adolescents with AN is warranted.
An examination of the relationship between binge eating disorder and insomnia symptoms
Authors: Kenny Therese E. , Van Wijk Megan , Singleton Christopher , Carter Jacqueline C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough studies on sleep difficulties in binge eating disorder (BED) have produced inconsistent findings, research has linked poor sleep to the presence of related concerns (e.g., obesity, anxiety, and depression). To clarify the relationship between BED and sleep problems, this study aimed to compare insomnia symptoms in individuals with BED and those with no history of an eating disorder (NED).MethodAn adult community sample of individuals with BED (N = 68) and NED (N = 78) completed measures of insomnia, depression and anxiety, and eating disorder symptoms.ResultsIndividuals with BED reported significantly greater insomnia symptoms than the NED group. The relationship between BED and insomnia symptoms was partially mediated by anxiety. Depression fully mediated the positive association between insomnia symptom severity and binge frequency in the BED group.DiscussionThese findings suggest that depression, anxiety, and sleep are important constructs to consider in BED development and presentation.
Efficacy of a partial hospital programme for adults with eating disorders
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Cusack Anne , Anderson Leslie K. , Trim Julie , Nakamura Tiffany , Trunko Mary Ellen , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPartial hospital programmes (PHPs) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of eating disorders (EDs); however, few programmes have examined long‐term outcomes across diagnoses, including subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study examined the effectiveness of PHP for adult patients (n = 243) with AN‐restricting subtype (n = 79), AN binge/purge subtype (n = 46), and bulimia nervosa (n = 118). These patients tended to have long‐standing courses of illness (43%, illness duration >7 years) and high levels of psychiatric comorbidity (92.2%). Patients completed questionnaires at admission, discharge, and follow‐up, M (SD) = 11.50 months (5.29). Through follow‐up, all diagnoses demonstrated significant improvements in weight, ED psychopathology, and comorbid symptoms, with some exceptions for the AN binge/purge group. In exploratory analyses, 49% of patients met criteria for full or partial remission at discharge and 37% at follow‐up. Results provide support for the effectiveness of PHP in improving ED outcomes in a severe sample through longer‐term follow‐up.
Designing double skin facade venting regimes for smoke management
Authors: Thomas Geoff , Al‐Janabi Mohammad , Donn Michael 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe impact of sustainable building features on fire safety can be positive, neutral, or negative. An expert group ranked double skin facades (DSF) as being high risk due to a lack of knowledge of strategies to prevent fire and smoke spread through a DSF. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of prototype buildings with a 0.5 and 1.0‐m‐wide DSF has been carried out. External and internal vents to the DSF have varied in size and location, as well as the fire location, whether the building is fitted with sprinklers and other variables. The sensitivity of the model to grid resolution was checked using the 2 extremes of ventilation. Provided the vents to the DSF close in a fire, and flashover does not occur in rooms adjoining the DSF, or sprinklers are installed, smoke spread to higher floors via the DSF is limited. If a building is designed so the vents to the exterior from the DSF are greater in effective area than those from the interior to the DSF smoke flow will be predominantly to the outside of the building, and fire engineering design is likely to show that occupants will have time to escape.
A prolonged response to platinum‐based therapy in a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma harboring a single rearranged and truncated NF2 gene
Authors: Achkar Tala , Ali Siraj M. , Welsh Allison , Dhir Rajiv , Gollin Susanne M. , Parikh Rahul A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTumor genome sequencing has become an invaluable resource in determining targets for new therapies. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid features. Sarcomatoid differentiation is a rare histologic subtype that confers a more aggressive course. The first‐line treatment for patients with urothelial carcinoma is platinum‐based chemotherapy. Next generation tumor sequencing performed using the FoundationOne assay revealed loss of one NF2 allele and an unbalanced der(22)t(10;22)(p11.22;q12.2) chromosomal rearrangement involving the other NF2 allele, resulting in truncation and predicted loss of function. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the presence of one NF2 signal. NF2 mutations have been found in a variety of cancers and result in activation of the mTOR pathway. As such, the use of mTOR inhibitors, such as everolimus are thought to be particularly effective in the case of NF2 loss. Our patient had a dramatic response to first‐line chemotherapy, but unfortunately experienced subsequent progression of his cancer and could not tolerate everolimus. Although our patient's tumor demonstrated unique acquired genetic features including both loss of heterozygosity and truncation of the NF2 locus, he still achieved a meaningful response to platinum‐based chemotherapy.
POLARIS: Polygenic LD‐adjusted risk score approach for set‐based analysis of GWAS data
Authors: Baker Emily , Schmidt Karl Michael , Sims Rebecca , O'Donovan Michael C. , Williams Julie , Holmans Peter , Escott‐Price Valentina , Consortium with the GERAD 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) are a method to summarize the additive trait variance captured by a set of SNPs, and can increase the power of set‐based analyses by leveraging public genome‐wide association study (GWAS) datasets. PRS aims to assess the genetic liability to some phenotype on the basis of polygenic risk for the same or different phenotype estimated from independent data. We propose the application of PRSs as a set‐based method with an additional component of adjustment for linkage disequilibrium (LD), with potential extension of the PRS approach to analyze biologically meaningful SNP sets. We call this method POLARIS: POlygenic Ld‐Adjusted RIsk Score. POLARIS identifies the LD structure of SNPs using spectral decomposition of the SNP correlation matrix and replaces the individuals' SNP allele counts with LD‐adjusted dosages. Using a raw genotype dataset together with SNP effect sizes from a second independent dataset, POLARIS can be used for set‐based analysis. MAGMA is an alternative set‐based approach employing principal component analysis to account for LD between markers in a raw genotype dataset. We used simulations, both with simple constructed and real LD‐structure, to compare the power of these methods. POLARIS shows more power than MAGMA applied to the raw genotype dataset only, but less or comparable power to combined analysis of both datasets. POLARIS has the advantages that it produces a risk score per person per set using all available SNPs, and aims to increase power by leveraging the effect sizes from the discovery set in a self‐contained test of association in the test dataset.
Reproducible network and regional topographies of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with progressive supranuclear palsy: Multivariate and univariate analyses in American and Chinese patient cohorts
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Wu Jianjun , Peng Shichun , Wu Ping , Wang Jian , Zhang Huiwei , Guan Yihui , Eidelberg David , Zuo Chuantao , Ma Yilong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare movement disorder and often difficult to distinguish clinically from Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) in early phases. In this study, we report reproducible disease‐related topographies of brain network and regional glucose metabolism associated with PSP in clinically‐confirmed independent cohorts of PSP, MSA, and PD patients and healthy controls in the USA and China. Using 18F‐FDG PET images from PSP and healthy subjects, we applied spatial covariance analysis with bootstrapping to identify a PSP‐related pattern (PSPRP) and estimate its reliability, and evaluated the ability of network scores for differential diagnosis. We also detected regional metabolic differences using statistical parametric mapping analysis. We produced a highly reliable PSPRP characterized by relative metabolic decreases in the middle prefrontal cortex/cingulate, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, thalamus and midbrain, covarying with relative metabolic increases in the hippocampus, insula and parieto‐temporal regions. PSPRP network scores correlated positively with PSP duration and accurately discriminated between healthy, PSP, MSA and PD groups in two separate cohorts of parkinsonian patients at both early and advanced stages. Moreover, PSP patients shared many overlapping areas with abnormal metabolism in the same cortical and subcortical regions as in the PSPRP. With rigorous cross‐validation, this study demonstrated highly comparable and reproducible PSP‐related metabolic topographies at network and regional levels across different patient populations and PET scanners. Metabolic brain network activity may serve as a reliable and objective marker of PSP, although cross‐validation applying recent diagnostic criteria and classification is warranted.
The health implications of unconventional natural gas development in Pennsylvania
Authors: Peng Lizhong , Meyerhoefer Chad , Chou Shin‐Yi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigate the health impacts of unconventional natural gas development of Marcellus shale in Pennsylvania between 2001 and 2013 by merging well permit data from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with a database of all inpatient hospital admissions. After comparing changes in hospitalization rates over time for air pollution‐sensitive diseases in counties with unconventional gas wells to changes in hospitalization rates in nonwell counties, we find a significant association between shale gas development and hospitalizations for pneumonia among the elderly, which is consistent with higher levels of air pollution resulting from unconventional natural gas development. We note that the lack of any detectable impact of shale gas development on younger populations may be due to unobserved factors contemporaneous with drilling, such as migration.
Comprehensive approach to functional palatomaxillary reconstruction using regional and free tissue transfer: Report of reconstructive and prosthodontic outcomes of 140 patients
Authors: Urken Mark L. , Roche Ansley M. , Kiplagat Kimberly J. , Dewey Eliza H. , Lazarus Cathy , Likhterov Ilya , Buchbinder Daniel , Okay Devin J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPalatomaxillary defects were historically restored with a prosthetic obturator; however, advances in local and free tissue transfer has provided a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients with palatomaxillary defects.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients who underwent palatomaxillary reconstruction by the lead author between 1998 and 2016 was conducted. Patients who were restored with a palatal obturator were excluded.ResultsOne hundred forty patients were reconstructed with a total of 159 local, regional, and free flaps with a 96.7% success rate. Seventy‐four patients (52.8%) underwent prosthodontic rehabilitation, with 183 implants placed and an 86% success rate.ConclusionPalatomaxillary reconstruction applying a systematic approach, using a multitude of techniques, is a safe and effective way to restore patients without compromising the ability to maintain surveillance. Prosthodontic rehabilitation can be achieved in a high percentage of patients using dental implants, leading to optimal aesthetic and functional results.
Nasopharyngeal biopsy in adults presenting with serous otitis media: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shilo Shahaf , Abu‐Ghanem Sara , Yehuda Moshe , Weinger Anat , Fliss Dan M. , Abergel Avraham 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between isolated serous otitis media (SOM) and/or conductive hearing loss (CHL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a low‐to‐intermediate endemic area.MethodsMedical records of all adult patients (≥17 years) with SOM/CHL who underwent endoscopic‐guided nasopharyngeal biopsy to exclude NPC during a 10‐year period were reviewed. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors for NPC.ResultsA total of 195 patients were included (121/195; 62.1% men), among whom 169 (86.7%) presented with isolated SOM/CHL. Overall, 12 patients were diagnosed with NPC (12/195; 6.2%), however, only 1 patient (1/169; 0.6%) had isolated SOM/CHL. Coexisting clinical manifestations and suspicious nasopharyngeal findings on fiber‐optic nasopharyngoscopy were found to be significant predictors for NPC on univariate and multivariate analyses (P < .05).ConclusionPatients with isolated SOM/CHL and without coexisting clinical manifestations or suspicious findings on nasopharyngoscopy may avoid a routine nasopharyngeal biopsy.
Combination of CFCs and stable isotopes to characterize the mechanism of groundwater–surface water interactions in a headwater basin of the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Shiqin , Yuan Ruiqiang , Tang Changyuan , Song Xianfang , Currell Matthew , Yang Zhenglun , Sheng Zhuping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMountainous areas are characterized by steep slopes and rocky landforms, with hydrological conditions varying rapidly from upstream to downstream, creating variable interactions between groundwater and surface water. In this study, mechanisms of groundwater–surface water interactions within a headwater catchment of the North China Plain were assessed along the stream length and during different seasons, using hydrochemical and stable isotope data, and groundwater residence times estimated using chlorofluorocarbons. These tracers indicate that the river is gaining, due to groundwater discharge in the headwater catchment both in the dry and rainy seasons. Residence time estimation of groundwater using chlorofluorocarbons data reveals that groundwater flow in the shallow sedimentary aquifer is dominated by the binary mixing of water approximating a piston flow model along 2 flow paths: old water, carried by a regional flow system along the direction of river flow, along with young water, which enters the river through local flow systems from hilly areas adjacent to the river valley (particularly during the rainy season). The larger mixing ratio of young water from lateral groundwater recharge and return flow of irrigation during the rainy season result in higher ion concentrations in groundwater than in the dry season. The binary mixing model showed that the ratio of young water versus total groundwater ranged from 0.88 to 0.22 and 1.0 to 0.74 in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. In the middle reach, meandering stream morphology allows some loss of river water back into the aquifer, leading to increasing estimates of the ratio of young water (from 0.22 to 1). This is also explained by declining groundwater levels near the river, due to groundwater extraction for agricultural irrigation. The switch from a greater predominance of regional flow in the dry season, to more localized groundwater flow paths in the wet season is an important groundwater–surface water interactions mechanism, with important catchment management implications.
Modelling soil solute release and transport in run‐off on a loessial slope with and without surface stones
Authors: Dong Wencai , Cui Song , Fu Qiang , Wang Quanjiu , Cao Chengpeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStone covers on loessial slopes can increase the time of infiltration by slowing the velocity of the overland flow, which reduces the transport of solutes, but few mechanistic models have been tested under water‐scouring conditions. We carried out field experiments to test a previously proposed, physically based model of water and solute transport. The area of soil infiltration was calculated from the uncovered surface area, and Richards' equation and the kinematic wave equation were used to describe water infiltration and flow along slopes with stone covers. The transport of chemicals into the run‐off from the surface soil, presumably by diffusion, and their movement in the soil profile could be described by the convection–diffusion equations of the model. The simulated and measured data correlated well. The stones on the soil surface reduced the area available for infiltration but increased the Manning coefficient, eventually leading to increased water infiltration and decreased solute loss with run‐off. Our results indicated that the traditional model of water movement and solute migration could be used to simulate water transport and solute migration for stone‐covered soil on loessial slopes.
A fractal analysis of the water retention curve
Authors: De Bartolo Samuele , Fallico Carmine , Severino Gerardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dependence of the soil water content ϑ upon the matric potential ψ is studied within a fractal approach that regards the water retention curve as a sequence of well defined fractal regimes. Each of such regimes accounts for a given functional dependence ϑ≡ϑ(ψ), which in turn is characterized by a fractal dimension. The difference between the double fractal (observed into sandy soils) and multifractal (observed into clay soils) regime is explained by recalling that, for a sandy soil, the transition from saturated to dry conditions is driven by a steep reduction of ψ. To the contrary, for a clay (where the change from the highest water contents to the smallest ones is characterized by a large range of the matric potential), the multifractal behaviour is observed. These results are also confirmed by the analysis of experimental data. In particular, we show that the intermediate regime, generally accounting for the fractal multimodality, is due to the sandy nature of the soil at stake, practically immaterial. Finally, we demonstrate that our model can be also regarded as the straightforward generalization of that of Millán and González‐Posada ().