bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of image masking on object representations during rapid serial visual presentation
Authors: Robinson Amanda K. , Grootswagers Tijl , Carlson Thomas A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRapid image presentations combined with time-resolved multivariate analysis methods of EEG or MEG (rapid-MVPA) offer unique potential in assessing the temporal limitations of the human visual system. Recent work has shown that multiple visual objects presented sequentially can be simultaneously decoded from M/EEG recordings. Interestingly, object representations reached higher stages of processing for slower image presentation rates compared to fast rates. This fast rate attenuation is probably caused by forward and backward masking from the other images in the stream. Two factors that are likely to influence masking during rapid streams are stimulus duration and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Here, we disentangle these effects by studying the emerging neural representation of visual objects using rapid-MVPA while independently manipulating stimulus duration and SOA. Our results show that longer SOAs enhance the decodability of neural representations, regardless of stimulus presentation duration, suggesting that subsequent images act as effective backward masks. In contrast, image duration does not appear to have a graded influence on object representations. Interestingly, however, decodability was improved when there was a gap between subsequent images, indicating that an abrupt onset or offset of an image enhances its representation. Our study yields insight into the dynamics of object processing in rapid streams, paving the way for future work using this promising approach.
Partial ligand-receptor engagement yields functional bias at the human complement receptor, C5aR1
Authors: Pandey Shubhi , Li Xaria X. , Srivastava Ashish , Baidya Mithu , Kumari Punita , Dwivedi Hemlata , Ghosh Eshan , Woodruff Trent M. , Shukla Arun K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe human complement component, C5a, binds two different seven transmembrane receptors termed as C5aR1 and C5aR2. C5aR1 is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor that couples to Gαi sub-family of heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins (βarr) following C5a stimulation. Peptide fragments derived from the carboxyl-terminus of C5a can still interact with the receptor, albeit with lower affinity, and can act as agonists or antagonists. However, whether such fragments might display ligand bias at C5aR1 remains unexplored. Here, we compare C5a and a modified C-terminal fragment of C5a, C5apep, in terms of G protein coupling, βarr recruitment, endocytosis and ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation at the human C5aR1. We discover that C5apepacts as a full-agonist for G protein coupling, while only displaying partial agonism for βarr recruitment. We also observe that whilst C5apepis significantly less efficient in inducing C5aR1 endocytosis compared to C5a, it exhibits robust activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation at levels similar to C5a. Interestingly, C5apepdisplays full-agonist efficacy with respect to inhibiting LPS induced IL-6 secretion in human macrophages, but its ability to induce human neutrophil migration is substantially lower compared to C5a. Taken together, our findings reveal ligand-bias at C5aR1, not only with respect to transducer-coupling and receptor trafficking but also in terms of cellular responses. Our findings therefore establish a framework to explore additional levels of biased signaling and biased ligands at C5aR1 with therapeutic potential. More generally, our findings may be extended to discover biased ligands for the broad sub-family of chemokine GPCRs which also interact with chemokine ligands through a biphasic mechanism.
Identification of a degradation of aerodynamic characteristics of a paraglider due to its flexibility from flight test
Authors: Kulhánek Robert 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Aerodynamics of paragliders is very complicated aeroelastic phenomena. The purpose of this work is to quantify the amount of aerodynamic drag related to the flexible nature of a paraglider wing.

Design/methodology/approach
The laboratory testing on scaled models can be very difficult because of problems in the elastic similitude of such a structure. Testing of full-scale models in a large facility with a large full-scale test section is very expensive. The degradation of aerodynamic characteristics is evaluated from flight tests of the paraglider speed polar. All aspects of the identification such as pilot and suspension lines drag and aerodynamics of spanwise chambered wings are discussed. The drag of a pilot in a harness was estimated by means of wind tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver was used to estimating smooth wing lift and drag characteristics.

Findings
The drag related to the flexible nature of the modern paraglider wing is within the range of 4-30 per cent of the total aerodynamic drag depending on the flight speed. From the results, it is evident that considering only the cell opening effect is sufficient at a low-speed flight. The stagnation point moves forwards towards the nose during the high speed flight. This causes more pronounced deformation of the leading edge and thus increased drag.

Practical implications
This paper deals with a detailed analysis of specific paraglider wing. Although the results are limited to the specific geometry, the findings help in the better understanding of the paraglider aerodynamics generally.

Originality/value
The data obtained in this paper are not affected by any scaling problems. There are only few experimental results in the field of paragliders on scaled models. Those results were made on simplified models at very low Reynolds number. The aerodynamic drag characteristics of the pilot in the harness with variable angles of incidence and Reynolds numbers have not yet been published.
Examining inter-organizational roles in Philippine post-disaster MHPSS delivery
Authors: Teng-Calleja Mendiola , Canoy Nico A. , Alianan Jr Arsenio Sze 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical grounding on the management of inter-organizational roles in the delivery of mental health and psychosocial services (MHPSS) through the experiences of three disaster-stricken localities. It describes challenges in the provision of MHPSS, and offered implications to post-disaster management practices in a developing country context.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 28 individual interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted among key informants in the three localities that experienced destructive typhoons. Thematic analysis, following the procedures of Braun and Clarke (2006), was used to examine patterns in the data.

Findings
The results surfaced disparate perspectives in the role and scope of MHPSS, lack of clarity in inter-organizational roles and service standards as well as contextual challenges in post-disaster MHPSS delivery. Specific issues pertaining to the absence of inter-organizational role clarity in MHPSS post-disaster response include varying perspectives on the role of local government employees as survivors and MHPSS providers; local government as facilitator of MHPSS efforts; the Department of Health as the lead agency for MHPSS; and standards on who can deliver MHPSS and train MHPSS responders.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on community accounts of MHPSS delivery during disasters. Future studies may focus on capturing longitudinal data that can further refine and enable the institutionalization of effective and sustainable MHPSS response.

Practical implications
The results suggest the importance of improving systems and structures for MHPSS response to enable effective multi-organization support in disaster scenarios. Findings also highlight the need to have guidelines anchored on international standards of MHPSS delivery that will be used by the designated agency leading and advocating MHPSS efforts. This lead agency may be tasked to operationally define MHPSS in a disaster context, develop guideposts and standards in MHPSS delivery as well as clarify roles and accountabilities of different organizations.

Originality/value
Existing literature often relied on the analysis of secondary evidence such as expert-driven state or national guidelines. This study provided rich empirical data from key organizational actors involved in MHPSS provision in disaster-stricken communities.
From rumor to release
Authors: Thompson Scott A. , Loveland James M. , Castro Iana A. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of product release on word of mouth (WOM) behavior within and across rival online brand communities for technology products and evaluate competing predictions made by social identity theory and the group problem solving perspective of rumors.Design/methodology/approachIn Study 1, 72,749 messages posted by 5,777 users over a 13-month period on two rival online brand forums were content analyzed using linguistic inquiry and word count, a linguistic content analysis program. In Study 2, two experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical explanation offered.FindingsMarked differences were found as WOM transitioned from pre-release rumor to post-release facts. Prior to release, brand loyalists show an increased willingness to spread positive WOM about rival brands’ products. However, this willingness dissipated upon product release. This is in noted contrast to predictions made for experience goods.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examines the uncertainty generated by a rival brand’s upcoming new product within a brand community. While centered on a technologically oriented consumer group, this study addresses a longstanding theoretical conundrum and provides interesting areas for future research.Practical implicationsSurprisingly, it is the most active and ostensibly loyal brand supporters who spread pre-release rumors about rival brands. Managers should not assume that “loyalists” will not seriously discuss the potential offerings of rival brands. Product rumors thus present rival marketers with a unique “move it or lose it” opportunity to spread positive buzz among rival brand loyalists. However, this window of opportunity closes rapidly upon product release.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to examine the nature of new product rumors at this scale, including both pre- and post-release WOM.
Psychometric evaluation of the Serbian adaptation of the individual entrepreneurial orientation scale
Authors: Popov Boris , Varga Suzana , Jelić Dragana , Dinić Bojana 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) at the organizational level refers to the process which includes methods, practices and decision-making styles which enhance the company’s approaches to business. At the individual level, EO is assessed using the individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO: Bolton and Lane, 2012) scale, comprising three dimensions: risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and further validate the Serbian adaptation of the IEO scale among students.

Design/methodology/approach
Two independent studies were conducted on total of 685 students from Serbia. In Study 1, participants completed the IEO scale, proactive personality scales, reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire and academic performance questionnaire. In Study 2, participants completed the IEO scale, proactive personality scales, HEXACO-60 and risky-choice decision tasks.

Findings
Results supported the three-factor structure and satisfactory reliability of the IEO scale and its subscales. Omitting one item from the innovativeness scale led to better model fit, thus resulting in a nine-item solution. Convergent validity correlations were confirmed, showing that each IEO subscale obtained the expected correlations with similar constructs.

Research limitations/implications
A potential problem with divergent validity is discussed from the aspect of the adequacy of the constructs chosen for its testing. Overall findings indicate that the Serbian adaptation of the IEO scale is a brief instrument with adequate psychometric properties, which makes it suitable for both research and practical purposes. The limitations of the study and the instrument are also highlighted and discussed.

Originality/value
The study contributes to better understanding of the nature of EO and helps its accurate assessment.
Topic features for machine learning-based sentiment analysis in Indonesian tweets
Authors: Murfi Hendri , Siagian Furida Lusi , Satria Yudi 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze topics as alternative features for sentiment analysis in Indonesian tweets.

Design/methodology/approach
Given Indonesian tweets, the processes of sentiment analysis start by extracting features from the tweets. The features are words or topics. The authors use non-negative matrix factorization to extract the topics and apply a support vector machine to classify the tweets into its sentiment class.

Findings
The authors analyze the accuracy using the two-class and three-class sentiment analysis data sets. Both data sets are about sentiments of candidates for Indonesian presidential election. The experiments show that the standard word features give better accuracies than the topics features for the two-class sentiment analysis. Moreover, the topic features can slightly improve the accuracy of the standard word features. The topic features can also improve the accuracy of the standard word features for the three-class sentiment analysis.

Originality/value
The standard textual data representation for sentiment analysis using machine learning is bag of word and its extensions mainly created by natural language processing. This paper applies topics as novel features for the machine learning-based sentiment analysis in Indonesian tweets.
Cognitive leader–member exchange differences between supervisors and subordinates
Authors: Shen Yan 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of organizational identification (OI) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) directed toward organization (OCB-O) and OCB directed toward individuals (OCB-I), and explore the moderating effects of turnover intention (TI) and the differences of the moderating effects of supervisors’ ratings of leader–member exchange quality (LMX-L) and subordinates’ ratings of LMX quality (LMX-S) in the process.Design/methodology/approachBased on social exchange theory, this study took administrative staff of private small and medium enterprises in China as population. A paired-samples design was used, and 437 valid paired samples were collected finally. Data analyses were conducted by using structural equation modeling.FindingsOI indicated a positive influence on both OCB-O and OCB-I. TI showed a negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between OI and OCB-I, but no significant moderating effect on the positive relationship between OI and OCB-O. LMX-L and LMX-S were not in one same direction and showed different moderating levels. LMX-L had no significant effects on the relationship between OI and OCB-O, nor did on the relationship between OI and OCB-I. On the other hand, LMX-S strengthened both the positive relationship between OI and OCB-O, and the positive relationship between OI and OCB-I.Originality/valueThis study explored the relationships from social exchange perspective, found that OCB-O and OCB-I had different formation mechanisms and should be explored as distinct variables, and confirmed that it was necessary to use the paired-samples design when studying dyadic phenomena.
The risk in socially responsible investing: the other side of the coin
Authors: Burchi Alberto 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe field of socially responsible investment (SRI) has become a central theme in the mutual funds industry. The risk implications associated with this investment approach are less explored. This study further investigates the real contribution to the investor offered by the SRI alternative.The aim of this paper is to throw more light on this debate.Design/methodology/approachAnalyzing a large sample of US companies, this study investigates the tendency to generate risk when the portfolio is built, taking into account SRI. The research is based on the backtest of the real performance obtainable by adopting different investment strategies in which the red line is the selection method based on the principles of corporate social responsibility.FindingsThe investor must pay a cost that depends on the degree of rigor in the selection criteria. The risk associated with SRI is influenced by the measure adopted. SRI has a better asymmetric risk behavior than other securities. The results suggest using different selection models according to the investor’s objectives. When the objective is to maximize the average return and the remuneration risk, the SRI selection model should be negative or at least as inclusive as possible. In the event that the investor’s objective is to contain risk indices, a restrictive approach to the selection of investments is advisable.Originality/valueAcademic research has long been investigating the ability to generate profits but often neglects the levels of risk implicit in such investment approaches. The originality of this research consists in the adoption of a model based on the continuous optimization of the portfolio. This approach allows the results to be assessed by the returns actually obtained.
Riskiness of lending to small businesses: a dynamic panel data analysis
Authors: Moyi Eliud 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The study aims to pose the question: Has lending to small businesses been a source of increased risk in microfinance institutions (MFIs)? This question is pertinent given the higher levels of perceived riskiness of lending to small business operators owing to their opacity.

Design/methodology/approach
The study accommodates panel bias by using system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators on micro-level data from 2004 to 2014.

Findings
Study findings indicate that lending to small businesses by MFIs does not affect credit and insolvency risk in these institutions. However, using disaggregated data, there is evidence that lending to small businesses by cooperatives significantly reduces their insolvency risk exposure. Conversely, lending to small business by micro-banks, cooperatives, non-bank financial institutions and non-governmental organizations does not significantly affect their risk exposure.

Practical implications
These findings imply that the technologies that have been used by MFIs in lending to small enterprises have helped them mitigate the problems of adverse selection and moral hazard.

Originality/value
Information economics theory postulates that small firms are excluded from formal financial markets owing to their opacity. The hypothesis has not attracted much empirical research interest; hence, this study aims to bridge this gap in knowledge.
Entrepreneurial universities and strategy: the case of the University of Bari
Authors: Lombardi Rosa , Massaro Maurizio , Dumay John , Nappo Fabio 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate why entrepreneurial universities choose a particular business strategy focussing on diversification and multi-nationalisation, and the role of intellectual capital (IC) in supporting such strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe research question is answered through an exploratory case study of the University of Bari, Italy. Data were collected from strategic plans, annual reports, national evaluation reports and semi-structured interviews with the university’s board members and analysed using Secundoet al.’s (2016) collective intelligence framework.FindingsThe authors show how contingency factors, such as economic and historical reasons, justify both the diversification and internationalisation strategies, and how they both rely on IC.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be used by managers to support the development of entrepreneurial university strategies.Originality/valueThe paper is novel because it provides theoretical justification to strategy development in a university setting. Additionally, the findings contribute to the fourth stage of IC research by showing how IC can be used to support diversification and internationalisation in a university and support third mission goals. Finally, the paper provides an empirical application of the Secundoet al.’s (2016) model for understanding IC in universities.
Institutional investor preferences
Authors: Al-Jaifi Hamdan Amer , Al-Rassas Ahmed Hussien , Al-Qadasi Adel 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the institutional investors’ preferences for internal governance mechanisms (internal audit function and audit committee effectiveness) in an emerging country like Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 2,020 yearly firm observations in Bursa Malaysia over the period 2009-2012 is used. The two-stage least squares using instrumental variables (IV-2SLS) analysis is used to examine the relationships. To corroborate the findings of this study, a regression based on a one-year lag of the independent variables is used. Furthermore, ordinary least square regression and Generalized Method of Moments using instrumental variables (IV-GMM) are used.FindingsPositive associations are found between the internal audit function and audit committee effectiveness and the institutional ownership.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings imply that institutional investors gravitate to firms that have high investment in internal audit function and effective audit committee. These findings are consistent with the conjecture that institutional investors try to minimize monitoring and exit costs and meet their fiduciary responsibility by investing in better internal audit firms.Practical implicationsThis study offers insights to policymakers interested in enhancing internal governance mechanisms to attract institutional investors.Originality/valueLimited empirical studies have examined the relation between internal governance mechanisms (internal audit function and audit committee effectiveness) and institutional ownership. This study adds to the existing literature on the importance of internal governance mechanisms by documenting an association between internal audit function and audit committee effectiveness and institutional ownership in an emerging country like Malaysia.