bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water depth‐dependent notonectid predatory impacts across larval mosquito ontogeny
Authors: Dalal Arpita , Cuthbert Ross N , Dick Jaimie TA , Gupta Susmita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDContext‐dependencies can modulate the strength of predatory interactions and often remain unquantified. In particular, differences in water depth within aquatic systems could influence predator efficiencies towards prey which utilise three‐dimensional space through the water column. Differences in prey size could drive prey size–refuge effects, influencing the efficacy of natural enemies towards vector species. We thus quantify the predatory impact of two notonectid predators,Anisops breddiniandAnisops sardeus, towards four different larval instars ofCulex quinquefasciatusprey across a water depth gradient, using functional responses (FRs).RESULTSConsumption rates differed significantly between the predators, and interspecific differences in responses to variations in water depth were emergent. Both notonectids were able to handleC. quinquefasciatusprey across all instar stages, yet predation rates were generally higher towards early as opposed to late instar prey.Anisops sardeuswas most voracious, and differential predation rates of this species were most pronounced in shallow waters. Type II FRs were displayed by notonectids in the majority of treatments; however, Type III FRs were emergent in specific treatment groups, with potential implications for prey population stability. Both capture rates and handling times were often greater at greater depths, and thus maximum feeding rates reduced as depth increased. Our results further demonstrate substantial predatory impacts of notonectid predators towards mosquito, and quantify biotic and abiotic context‐dependencies which modulate their impact.CONCLUSIONGiven notonectids are capable of aerial dispersal between ephemeral aquatic habitats of varied volumes, their promotion in aquatic systems could help reduce proliferations of medically important mosquitoes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Updates of HITRAN spectroscopic database from 2008 to 2016 and implications for near‐infrared radiative transfer calculations
Authors: Menang Kaah P. 
Published: February 2019

Spectroscopic information on atmospheric gases, such as absorption line positions, intensities and widths, is important for radiative transfer calculations in climate and weather models. The widely used HIgh resolution TRANsmission (HITRAN) spectroscopic database is updated regularly. A line‐by‐line radiative transfer model has been used to investigate the impacts of the updates of HITRAN from 2008 to 2016 on clear‐sky calculations of absorption and solar heating rates in the near‐infrared region from 4,000 to 10,000 cm−1 (1.0–2.5 µm). These calculations were carried out for the tropical and sub‐arctic atmospheres at solar zenith angles of 30° and 75° using HITRAN absorption line parameters for H2O, CO2, O3, N2O, CO, CH4 and O2 as well as the MT_CKD 2.5 (Mlawer‐Tobin‐Clough‐Kneizys‐Davies) continua for H2O, CO2, O3 and O2. It was found that the improvements in HITRAN absorption line parameters led to modest increases in the spectrally integrated absorbed downward solar fluxes and heating rates. The differences in absorbed fluxes are larger between HITRAN2016 and HITRAN2008 (maximum difference ∼1.3%) than between HITRAN2016 and HITRAN2012 (largest difference ∼0.3%). The corresponding maximum differences in heating rates are less than 2%. In order to improve accuracy, HITRAN2016 should be used in preference to earlier line‐lists for calculating near‐infrared absorbed solar fluxes and heating rates; but for calculations of clear‐sky heating rates in the near‐infrared region that do not require better than 2% accuracy, line parameters from HITRAN2012 and HITRAN2008 may still be used. Although the revisions of HITRAN led to relatively small differences in the spectrally integrated quantities, the improved quality of near‐infrared line parameters will have a significant impact on other atmospheric applications such as the measurements of CO2 concentrations at a precision of less than 1% in Greenhouse Gases Observatory Satellite (GOSAT) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) missions.
The Control of Colloidal Grain Boundaries through Evaporative Vertical Self‐Assembly
Authors: Suh Youngjoon , Pham Quang , Shao Bowen , Won Yoonjin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembly continuously gains attention as an excellent method to create novel nanoscale structures with a wide range of applications in photonics, optoelectronics, biomedical engineering, and heat transfer applications. However, self‐assembly is governed by a diversity of complex interparticle forces that cause fabricating defectless large scale (>1 cm) colloidal crystals, or opals, to be a daunting challenge. Despite numerous efforts to find an optimal method that offers the perfect colloidal crystal by minimizing defects, it has been difficult to provide physical interpretations that govern the development of defects such as grain boundaries. This study reports the control over grain domains and intentional defect characteristics that develop during evaporative vertical deposition. The degree of particle crystallinity and evaporation conditions is shown to govern the grain domain characteristics, such as shapes and sizes. In particular, the grains fabricated with 300 and 600 nm sphere diameters can be tuned into single‐column structures exceeding ≈1 mm by elevating heating temperature up to 93 °C. The understanding of self‐assembly physics presented in this work will enable the fabrication of novel self‐assembled structures with high periodicity and offer fundamental groundworks for developing large‐scale crack‐free structures.
Gas Sensors Based on Nano/Microstructured Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Zhao Yiwei , Du Xiaowen , Chu Yingli , Zhang Shen , Huang Jia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBenefiting from the advantages of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), including synthetic versatility of organic molecular design and environmental sensitivity, gas sensors based on OFETs have drawn much attention in recent years. Potential applications focus on the detection of specific gas species such as explosive, toxic gases, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play vital roles in environmental monitoring, industrial manufacturing, smart health care, food security, and national defense. To achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and ambient stability with rapid response and recovery speed, the regulation and adjustment of the nano/microstructure of the organic semiconductor (OSC) layer has proven to be an effective strategy. Here, the progress of OFET gas sensors with nano/microstructure is selectively presented. Devices based on OSC films one dimensional (1D) single crystal nanowires, nanorods, and nanofibers are introduced. Then, devices based on two dimensional (2D) and ultrathin OSC films, fabricated by methods such as thermal evaporation, dip‐coating, spin‐coating, and solution‐shearing methods are presented, followed by an introduction of porous OFET sensors. Additionally, the applications of nanostructured receptors in OFET sensors are given. Finally, an outlook in view of the current research state is presented and eight further challenges for gas sensors based on OFETs are suggested.
Probing the Active Sites of Carbon‐Encapsulated Cobalt Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yan Xuecheng , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Jia Yi , Zhang Longzhou , Shen Shaohua , Chen Jun , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGreat effort has been contributed to exploring efficient and cost‐effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for fuel cell applications in the past decades. Now various electrocatalysts can be synthesized for high‐performance ORR catalysis. However, the identification of the ORR active sites in many nonprecious metal‐based catalysts is still difficult. This is due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the catalyst structures. For example, the active site of core–shell ORR electrocatalysts has been a continuously debatable issue, hampering the exploration of new ORR catalysts. Herein, a carbonized Co metal organic framework (Co@C) is used to uncover the ORR active sites in core–shell electrocatalysts. The surface Co particles in the Co@C sample are removed by HCl wash, and the Co cores are removed using an electrochemical activation method. The characterizations reveal that both the samples before and after the electrochemical activation show the existence of single Co species. The corresponding electrocatalysis test results indicate that neither the surface Co particles nor the encapsulated Co cores influence the ORR performance of the samples. It is deduced that the single Co species coordinated with the nitrogen in the carbon layers of the core–shell catalysts are the actual ORR active sites.
Stepan Prokofievich Timoshenko and America
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this essay, we describe relationship of S. P. Timoshenko (1878–1972), who is often identified as “the father of American engineering mechanics” with America, where he arrived in 1922 and stayed until 1964. His autobiography appeared in 1963 in Paris in the Russian language; Timoshenko former students and colleagues at Stanford University arranged its translation into English that appeared in 1968 when Timoshenko became 90 years old. The book provides a testimony of the complex relationship that he developed towards America and Americans. Drawing from various documents in addition to his autobiography, this essay discusses in some detail various facets of his relationship. The main goal of this paper is to show that along harsh criticisms towards United States in his autobiographical book, in various documents he expressed positive views about US.
Thermodynamic bootstrap program for integrable QFT’s: form factors and correlation functions at finite energy density
Authors: Cortés Cubero Axel , Panfil Miłosz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study the form factors of local operators of integrable QFT’s between states with finite energy density. These states arise, for example, at finite temperature, or from a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We generalize Smirnov’s form factor axioms, formulating them for a set of particle/hole excitations on top of the thermodynamic background, instead of the vacuum. We show that exact form factors can be found as minimal solutions of these new axioms. The thermodynamic form factors can be used to construct correlation functions on thermodynamic states. The expression found for the two-point function is similar to the conjectured LeClair-Mussardo formula, but using the new form factors dressed by the thermodynamic background, and with all singularities properly regularized. We study the different infrared asymptotics of the thermal two-point function, and show there generally exist two different regimes, manifesting massive exponential decay, or effectively gapless behavior at long distances, respectively. As an example, we compute the few-excitations form factors of vertex operators for the sinh-Gordon model.
Bubbling the NHEK
Authors: Heidmann Pierre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe build the first family of smooth bubbling microstate geometries that are asymptotic to the near-horizon region of extremal five-dimensional Kerr black holes (NHEK). These black holes arise as extremal non-supersymmetric highly-rotating D1-D5- P solutions in type IIB string theory on T4×S1. Our solutions are asymptotically NHEK in the UV and end in the IR with a smooth cap. In the context of the Kerr/CFT correspondence, these bubbling geometries are dual to pure states of the 1+1 dimensional chiral conformal field theory dual to NHEK. Since our solutions have a bubbling structure in the IR, they correspond to an IR phase of broken conformal symmetry, and their existence supports the possibility that all the pure states whose counting gives the Kerr black hole entropy correspond to horizonless bulk configurations.
Discovery of novel glycerolated quinazolinones from Streptomyces sp. MBT27
Authors: Machushynets Nataliia V , Wu Changsheng , Elsayed Somayah S , Hankemeier Thomas , van Wezel Gilles P 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Actinobacteria are a major source of novel bioactive natural products. A challenge in the screening of these microorganisms lies in finding the favorable growth conditions for secondary metabolite production and dereplication of known molecules. Here, we report that Streptomyces sp. MBT27 produces 4-quinazolinone alkaloids in response to elevated levels of glycerol, whereby quinazolinones A (1) and B (2) form a new sub-class of this interesting family of natural products. Global Natural Product Social molecular networking (GNPS) resulted in a quinazolinone-related network that included anthranilic acid (3), anthranilamide (4), 4(3H)-quinazolinone (5), and 2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (6). Actinomycins D (7) and X2 (8) were also identified in the extracts of Streptomyces sp. MBT27. The induction of quinazolinone production by glycerol combined with biosynthetic insights provide evidence that glycerol is integrated into the chemical scaffold. The unprecedented 1,4-dioxepane ring, that is spiro-fused into the quinazolinone backbone, is most likely formed by intermolecular etherification of two units of glycerol. Our work underlines the importance of varying the growth conditions for the discovery of novel natural products and for understanding their biosynthesis.
High-power, Joule-class, temporally shaped multi-pass ring laser amplifier with two Nd:glass laser heads
Authors: Guo Jiangtao , Wang Jiangfeng , Wei Hui , Huang Wenfa , Huang Tingrui , Xia Gang , Fan Wei , Lin Zunqi 
Published: February 2019

A high-power, Joule-class, nanosecond temporally shaped multi-pass ring laser amplifier system with two neodymium-doped phosphate glass (Nd:glass) laser heads is demonstrated. The laser amplifier system consists of three parts: an all-fiber structure seeder, a diode-pumped Nd:glass regenerative amplifier and a multi-pass ring amplifier, where the thermally induced depolarization of two laser heads is studied experimentally and theoretically. Following the injection of a square pulse with the pulse energy of 0.9 mJ and pulse width of 6 ns, a 0.969-J high-energy laser pulse at 1 Hz was generated, which had the ability to change the waveform arbitrarily, based on the all-fiber structure front end. The experimental results show that the proposed laser system is promising to be adopted in the preamplifier of high-power laser facilities.
Using quantile regression for fitting lactation curve in dairy cows
Authors: Naeemipour Younesi Hossein , Shariati Mohammad Mahdi , Zerehdaran Saeed , Jabbari Nooghabi Mehdi , Løvendahl Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to compare the performance of different ‘nonlinear quantile regression’ models evaluated at theτth quantile (0·25, 0·50, and 0·75) of milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1991 to 2011, comprising 101 051 monthly milk production traits and SCS records of 13 977 cows in 183 herds. Incomplete gamma (Wood), exponential (Wilmink), Dijkstra and polynomial (Ali & Schaeffer) functions were implemented in the quantile regression. Residual mean square, Akaike information criterion and log-likelihood from different models and quantiles indicated that in the same quantile, the best models were Wilmink for milk yield, Dijkstra for fat percentage and Ali & Schaeffer for protein percentage. Over all models the best model fit occurred at quantile 0·50 for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, whereas, for SCS the 0·25th quantile was best. The best model to describe SCS was Dijkstra at quantiles 0·25 and 0·50, and Ali & Schaeffer at quantile 0·75. Wood function had the worst performance amongst all traits. Quantile regression is specifically appropriate for SCS which has a mixed multimodal distribution.
An energy-protein feed additive containing different sources of fat improves feed intake and milk performance of dairy cows in mid-lactation
Authors: Micek Piotr , Kowalski Zygmunt M. , Sady Marek , Oprządek Jolanta , Domagała Jacek , Wanat Patrycja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that calcium salts combined with whole linseed and heat-treated rapeseed cake in one feed additive may efficiently stimulate the productivity of dairy cows and have a positive effect on the functional (health-promoting) properties of milk fat. The article proposes the composition of such an additive (EFA) and evaluates its nutritional effect in the diet of mid-lactation dairy cows. Forty multiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) dairy cows were allocated to one of four treatments (10 cows/treatment) and fed a TMR diet without EFA or with EFA in the amount of 1, 2 or 3 kg/d per head for a 63-d-period. Individual intake of dry matter (DMI) and nutrients was determined, as was milk yield and composition, including fatty acid profile, fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phospholipids (PLs). Irrespective of the treatment group, cows fed diets with EFA had higher (P< 0.05) DMI, milk yield and milk vitamin D3and K2concentration but lower (P< 0.01) milk protein, fat and cholesterol contents. The additive did not affect the milk concentrations of β-carotene or vitamin A or E. The PLs content was correlated with fat concentration in the milk and decreased as the level of EFA in the diet increased. An increase in phosphatidylcholine in total PLs was accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of sphingomyelin (P< 0.05). The use of EFA increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the total fatty acids in the milk. The addition of EFA in the amount of 3 kg increased the proportion of PUFA by 77% (P< 0.05). In conclusion, the use of an energy-protein feed additive (EFA) increases feed intake and milk yield in cows and alters milk fat composition, improving its functional properties. Higher milk production compensates for the decrease in solids concentration in the milk, which has no effect on their daily yield.
Parasitic infections as major cause of abattoir condemnations in cattle slaughtered at an Ethiopian abattoir: 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Molla D. , Nazir S. , Mohammed A. , Tintagu T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Abattoirs are vital for gathering information on animal diseases and protecting the public from consuming infected or unhygienic meat. To assess the major reasons for organ and carcass condemnations and their financial implications, we reviewed 10-year abattoir records of slaughtered bovines between January 2005 and December 2014 at Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir, north-east Ethiopia. Of the 46,913 cattle slaughtered during that period, 17,963 (38.3%) had at least one disease condition. Lungs (10.67%) and liver (25%) were the most affected and condemned organs, followed by heart (1.53%), head (0.56%), tongue (0.17%) and kidney (0.32%). The major conditions responsible for condemnation were fasciolosis (49.89%), hydatid cyst (55.55%), pericarditis (78.2%), hydronephrosis (35.8%), abscess (71.7%) and abscess (43.9%), in liver, lung, heart, kidneys, head and tongue, respectively. The direct financial losses incurred from organ and carcass condemnation over the 10-year period amounted to ETB 1,219,399 (USD 61,946.9), with parasitic diseases such as fascioliasis and hydatidosis accounting for ETB 256,837.5 (USD 13,047.64) and ETB 170,827.5 (USD 8678.23) in losses, respectively. This study describes a significant loss of cheap and reliable sources of protein due to non-utilization of infected organs or carcasses, emphasizing the need to implement integrated approaches in disease surveillance and control programmes.
INEQUALITIES FOR THE DEPENDENT GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNELS BASED ON FISHER INFORMATION AND COPULAS
Authors: Asgari Fatemeh , Alamatsaz Mohammad Hossein , Khoolenjani Nayereh Bagheri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConsidering the Gaussian noise channel, Costa [4] investigated the concavity of the entropy power when the input signal and noise components are independent. His argument was connected to the first-order derivative of the Fisher information. In real situations, however, the noise can be highly dependent on the main signal. In this paper, we suppose that the input signal and noise variables are dependent. Then, some well-known copula functions are used to define their dependence structure. The first- and second-order derivatives of Fisher information of the model are obtained. Then, by using these derivatives, we will generalize two inequalities based on the Fisher information and a functional that is closely associated to Fisher information for the case when the input signal and noise variables are dependent. We will also show that the previous results for the independent case are recovered as special cases of our result. Several applications are provided to support the usefulness of our results. Finally, the channel capacity of the Gaussian noise channel model with dependent signal and noise is studied.
Weaponizing monuments
Authors: Burns Ross 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe role normally played by monuments in conflict is that of passive and innocent observers, occasionally drawn into the fighting through their locations. In the Syrian conflict, monuments have been more deliberately used as pawns, as ideological weapons and as favoured strongpoints for combatants. The resulting damage to historical sites, particularly to the monumental centres of Aleppo and Palmyra, has been considerable. However, damage to heritage presents a small proportion of the harm compared to the destruction of civilian housing and facilities throughout the country and should not distract us from the irreplaceable loss of innocent life in the fighting. The country's eventual recovery will require the return of refugees to their devastated communities, a precondition for any effort to restore the country's rich monumental heritage.
A Global 3‐D Ocean Model for PCBs: Benchmark Compounds for Understanding the Impacts of Global Change on Neutral Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Wagner Charlotte C. , Amos Helen M. , Thackray Colin P. , Zhang Yanxu , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Forget Gael , Friedman Carey L. , Selin Noelle E. , Lohmann Rainer , Sunderland Elsie M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman activities have released large quantities of neutral persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that may be biomagnified in food webs and pose health risks to wildlife, particularly top predators. Here we develop a global 3‐D ocean simulation for four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spanning a range of molecular weights and volatilities to better understand effects of climate‐driven changes in ocean biogeochemistry on the lifetime and distribution of POPs. Observations are most abundant in the Arctic Ocean. There, model results reproduce spatial patterns and magnitudes of measured PCB concentrations. Sorption of PCBs to suspended particles and subsequent burial in benthic marine sediment is the dominant oceanic loss process globally. Results suggest benthic sediment burial has removed 75% of cumulative PCB releases since the onset of production in 1930. Wind speed, light penetration, and ocean circulation exert a stronger and more variable influence on volatile PCB congeners with lower particle affinity such as chlorinated biphenyl‐28 and chlorinated biphenyl‐101. In the Arctic Ocean between 1992 and 2015, modeled evasion (losses) of the more volatile PCB congeners from the surface ocean increased due to declines in sea ice and changes in ocean circulation. By contrast, net deposition increased slightly for higher molecular weight congeners with stronger partitioning to particles. Our results suggest future climate changes will have the greatest impacts on the chemical lifetimes and distributions of volatile POPs with lower molecular weights.