bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Energy Metabolism in Tumors and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Fan Shuhao , Guo Jianhua , Nie Hui , Xiong Huabao , Xia Yong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEnergy metabolic reprogramming is frequently observed during tumor progression as tumor cells necessitate adequate energy production for rapid proliferation. Although current medical research shows promising prospects in studying the characteristics of tumor energy metabolism and developing anti‐tumor drugs targeting energy metabolism, there is a lack of systematic compendiums and comprehensive reviews in this field. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the characteristics of tumor cells' energy metabolism, with a specific focus on comparing abnormalities between tumor and normal cells, as well as summarizing potential targets for tumor therapy. Additionally, this review also elucidates the aberrant mechanisms underlying four major energy metabolic pathways (glucose, lipid, glutamine, and mitochondria‐dependent) during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Through the utilization of graphical representations, we have identified anomalies in crucial energy metabolism pathways, encompassing transporter proteins (glucose transporter, CD36, and ASCT2), signaling molecules (Ras, AMPK, and PTEN), as well as transcription factors (Myc, HIF‐1α, CREB‐1, and p53). The key molecules responsible for aberrant energy metabolism in tumors may serve as potential targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the distinct energy‐generating pathways within tumor cells, laying the groundwork for developing innovative strategies for precise cancer treatment.
Harnessing Cattail Biomass for Sustainable Fibers and Engineered Bioproducts: A Review
Authors: Parvin Mahmuda , Shadhin Md , Dulal Marzia , Rahman Mashiur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCattail (Typha), a wetland plant, is emerging as a sustainable materials resource. While most of the Typha species are proven to be a fiber‐yielding crop, Typha latifolia exhibits the broadest leaf size (5–30 mm), yields highest amount of fiber (≈190.9 g), and captures maximum CO2 (≈1270 g). Alkaline retting is the most efficient degumming process for cattail fibers to achieve maximum fiber yield (30%–46%). Cattail leaves exhibit a distinctive bionic structural model consisting of epidermis and leaf blade at macro level and non‐diaphragm aerenchyma, fiber cables, partitions, and diaphragms at micro level. Cattail fibers hold promise to be utilized as a high‐performance composite part and as efficient energy storage devices in clean energy vehicles. The former is attributed to their lower density (≈1.26–1.39 gm/cm3) and higher tensile modulus (≈66.1 GPa after treatment), while the latter is attributed to their porous structure and chemical stability. Therefore, integrating the knowledge of plant biology and materials chemistry is crucial for enhancing fiber characteristics and producing engineered bioproducts. The environmental benefits of cattails, degumming methods, leaf and fiber structures, their properties and applications is reviewed. Finally, it discussed future research directions aimed at developing bioengineered, biodegradable products from it with minimal environmental impact.
Structural Disconnections Caused by White Matter Hyperintensities in Post‐Stroke Spatial Neglect
Authors: Röhrig Lisa , Karnath Hans‐Otto 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH), a common feature of cerebral small vessel disease, affect a wide range of cognitive dysfunctions, including spatial neglect. The latter is a disorder of spatial attention and exploration typically after right hemisphere brain damage. To explore the impact of WMH on neglect‐related structural disconnections, the present study investigated the indirectly quantified structural disconnectome induced by either stroke lesion alone, WMH alone, or their combination. Furthermore, we compared different measures of structural disconnection—voxel‐wise, pairwise, tract‐wise, and parcel‐wise—to identify neural correlates and predict acute neglect severity. We observed that WMH‐derived disconnections alone were not associated with neglect behavior. However, when combined with disconnections derived from individual stroke lesions, pre‐stroke WMH contributed to post‐stroke neglect severity by affecting right frontal and subcortical substrates, like the middle frontal gyrus, basal ganglia, thalamus, and the fronto‐pontine tract. Predictive modeling demonstrated that voxel‐wise disconnection data outperformed other measures of structural disconnection, explaining 42% of the total variance; interestingly, the best model used predictors of stroke‐based disconnections only. We conclude that prestroke alterations in the white matter microstructure due to WMH contribute to poststroke deficits in spatial attention, likely by impairing the integrity of human attention networks.
The Blockchain for Healthcare 4.0 Apply in Standard Secure Medical Data Processing Architecture
Authors: Ozturk Bilal A. , Tayyeh Huda Kadhim , Namiq Heba Emad , Mahajan Hemant B. , Junnarkar Aparna A. , Uke Nilesh , Shamaileh Anas Atef , Deshpande Sarita D. , Futane Pravin R. , Rane Milind 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCloud‐based Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have seen a substantial increase in usage in recent years, especially for remote patient monitoring. Researchers are interested in investigating the use of Healthcare 4.0 in smart cities. This involves using Internet of Things (IoT) devices and cloud computing to remotely access medical processes. Healthcare 4.0 focuses on the systematic gathering, merging, transmission, sharing, and retention of medical information at regular intervals. Protecting the confidential and private information of patients presents several challenges in terms of thwarting illegal intrusion by hackers. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the protection of patient medical data that is stored, accessed, and shared on the cloud to avoid unauthorized access or compromise by the authorized components of E‐healthcare systems. A multitude of cryptographic methodologies have been devised to offer safe storage, exchange, and access to medical data in cloud service provider (CSP) environments. Traditional methods have not been effective in providing a harmonious integration of the essential components for EHR security solutions, such as efficient computing, verification on the service side, verification on the user side, independence from a trusted third party, and strong security. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in security solutions that are based on blockchain technology. These solutions are highly effective in safeguarding data storage and exchange while using little computational resources. The researchers focused their efforts exclusively on blockchain technology, namely on Bitcoin. The present emphasis has been on the secure management of healthcare records through the utilization of blockchain technology. This study offers a thorough examination of modern blockchain‐based methods for protecting medical data, regardless of whether cloud computing is utilized or not. This study utilizes and evaluates several strategies that make use of blockchain. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of research gaps, issues, and a future roadmap that contributes to the progress of new Healthcare 4.0 technologies, as demonstrated by research investigations.
Unpacking the gender wage gap in the U.S.: The impact of rural employment, age, and occupation
Authors: Kim Ayoung , Waldorf Brigitte S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper examines three dimensions influencing the gender wage gap: rural employment, type of occupation, and workers' career stage. The findings suggest that (1) rural workplaces are associated with lower wages; (2) women face a higher wage penalty than men in rural, low‐paying jobs; (3) wage determinants differ between low‐ and high‐paying jobs, leading to variable impacts on the gender wage gap; (4) gender wage gaps are significantly narrower for early‐career workers than for older workers; and (5) even minor annual wage disparities contribute to significant wealth gaps by the end of the working life.
A novel approach for quantitative determination of lignin content in tobacco via multiCP/MAS NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Ying , Huang Lan , Tian Zhenfeng , Ge Shaolin , Zhang Bing , Zhang Zhao , Chen Mingxi , Xu Bingxia , Hao Jinghang , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the main structural component of tobacco cell wall, lignin content is an important factor affecting the safety of tobacco smoking. However, it is time‐consuming to quantify lignin by conventional wet chemical analysis methods. In this work, a 13C multiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis method for tobacco lignin was established. The multiCP/MAS NMR sequence was optimized for tobacco lignin. The optimized nuclear magnetic sequence parameters were 9 CP cycles of 1.5 ms, repolarization time of 0.7 s, and a total acquisition time of 130 min. Subsequently, TMSP was used as the internal standard substance to establish the working curve, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9946. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) was 3.26%. This method was applied to the determination of lignin content in different types of tobacco samples. The relative error in the determination of lignin content by this method did not exceed 4.46% compared to the results of the chemical method. The results showed that the 13C multiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis method had the advantages of accuracy and rapidity, which provided a new technical means for the quantitative study of tobacco cell wall substances.
I Don't Deserve Anything Good: Perfectionistic Self‐Recrimination in a Case of Comorbid Personality and Eating Disorder
Authors: Cheli Simone , Cavalletti Veronica , Gazzillo Francesco , Brüne Martin , Hewitt Paul L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this case study we present the course of the psychotherapy of Myriam, a 19‐year old female with a severe personality disorder and comorbid eating disorder. During the initial assessment she reported high levels of neuroticism that parallel the diagnosis of obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and anorexia nervosa. Myriam showed a severely impaired personality functioning defined by perfectionism, self‐criticism, interpersonal guilt and overcontrol. Her daily experience was shaped by a self‐recriminative inner dialogue associated with maladaptive patterns in the form of food, water and sleep restrictions, self‐harm behaviors, and suicidal ideation. She accessed an integrative treatment based on individual (Evolutionary Systems Therapy) and group psychotherapy (Mindful Compassion for Perfectionism). At the end of 14‐month intervention she remitted from all the categorical diagnoses and showed reliable changes in several measures. These outcomes were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. We describe the integrative conceptualization based on Myriam's perfectionistic self‐recrimination patterns, and the consequent treatment that targeted these patterns rather than focusing on symptom reduction exclusively.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a novel predictor of hepatic fibrosis in Latino adolescents with obesity
Authors: Schenker Rachel B. , Ramirez Cuauhtemoc B. , Jang Cholsoon , Allayee Hooman , Zhao Xueheng , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Kohli Rohit , Goran Michael I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common pediatric liver disease and can progress to liver fibrosis. Latino adolescents have increased MASLD and fibrosis risk. While fibrosis is diagnosed by biopsy or imaging, more accessible, noninvasive, and economical screening methods are needed. We aimed to use plasma metabolomics/lipidomics to identify potential fibrosis biomarkers in Latino adolescents with obesity.MethodsLiver stiffness (LS) was measured in 93 Latino adolescents with obesity using magnetic resonance elastography. Metabolites and lipids were extracted from plasma and identified on Compound Discoverer. Associations between metabolites/lipids and fibrosis (LS > 2.73 kPa) were determined using linear regression models after covariate adjustment. False discovery rate (FDR) adjusted Pearson's correlations were performed. Analytes yielding significant FDR‐adjusted correlations were examined further by receiver operator curve analysis.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) alanine transaminase (ALT) was 45.7(±65.2) IU/L, hepatic fat fraction was 12.7(±9.1)%, and LS was 2.4(±0.3) kPa. We identified 795 metabolites and 413 lipids in plasma, but only one single metabolite, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a marker of triglyceride synthesis, was significantly associated with fibrosis after FDR adjustment (p < 0.05). In terms of predicting fibrosis, ALT had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79, and DHAP had an AUC of 0.79. When combined, ALT + DHAP had an AUC of 0.89.ConclusionsThe combination of ALT + DHAP may have the potential as an accurate, noninvasive test for liver fibrosis. Our data are limited to Latino children with obesity, and a larger cohort should be examined to further validate this novel biomarker.
Serum adropin is unaltered in adolescents with histology‐confirmed steatotic liver disease
Authors: Bays Jordan A. , Bartlett Alyssa M. , Boone Alison M. , Kim Youngsil , Yu Zhongxin , Palle Sirish K. , Short Kevin R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adolescents is increasing. Adropin is a liver‐derived peptide involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis that was shown to be reduced in adults with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum adropin may also be higher in young men than women. A prior study reported that serum adropin was reduced in adolescents with MASLD, but the relationship between liver histology and CVD risk factors was not reported. We tested the hypotheses that adropin is (1) reduced in adolescents with MASLD compared to adolescents with obesity (Ob) or normal weight (NW) without MASLD, (2) correlated with blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and liver histopathology, and (3) higher in boys than girls.MethodsSerum adropin was measured in 47 patients with MASLD, and 27 and 29 control participants with Ob or NW, respectively.ResultsAdropin was not reduced but was instead 5% and 20% higher (p > 0.42) in the MASLD compared to the Ob and NW groups, respectively. Adropin concentration was not correlated with arterial stiffness or BP. Adropin was 20% higher in boys than girls in the entire study cohort (p = 0.034). This difference was evident in the Ob group (p = 0.018), but not in the NW (p = 0.537) or the MASLD (p = 0.893) groups. Adropin was positively correlated with age within the MASLD group only (r = 0.46, p < 0.001).ConclusionSerum adropin was not reduced in adolescents with Ob or MASLD as reported previously. The positive relationship between age and adropin in adolescents with MASLD requires further examination.
The first radiocarbon and stable isotope data for megafauna remains in Kaliningrad Province, Russia
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V. , Martynovich Nikolai V. , van der Plicht Johannes 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe first 14C dates for representatives of the Late Pleistocene – Early Holocene megafauna are reported from sites in Kaliningrad Province, Russia. The dates for woolly mammoth and cave lion are older than ca. 45 000
bp, and could have corresponded to the Middle Weichselian interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 3). The age of reindeer is ca. 10 000
bp, and of aurochs ca. 7000
bp. This shows that megafauna existed in this part of the Eastern Baltic region prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, Kaliningrad Province was recolonized by reindeer.
AI powered detection and assessment of onychomycosis: A spotlight on yellow and deep learning
Authors: Agostini C. , Ranjan R. , Molnarova M. , Hadzic A. , Kubesch O. , Schnidar V. , Schnidar H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite significant advances in computer‐aided diagnostics, onychomycosis, a widespread fungal nail infection, lacks an automated approach for objective analysis and classification.ObjectivesOur study aimed to develop and validate automated machine learning models to accurately detect and classify onychomycosis‐affected areas in toenails.MethodsThe images in this study were captured using the Scarletred® Vision mobile App and SkinPatch, a CE certified medical device system working seamlessly together to deliver auto‐color calibrated, high‐resolution clinical images. Considering a total of 1687 images from 440 subjects, the research explores various degrees of onychomycosis and evaluates the infection extent in the toenails detected. We developed an advanced machine learning algorithm for precise segmentation and classification of onychomycosis‐affected toenails, utilizing expert annotations and advanced post‐processing techniques. Additionally, an analysis of nail growth was performed, and a comparison graph with the percentage of infection was estimated.ResultsUsing advanced machine learning algorithms, we successfully detected toenails, enabling detailed analysis of intricate structures within the images. We achieved a final validation loss of 0.0236 and an F1 score of 0.8566 for accurate toenail detection, while the Random Forest algorithm demonstrated 81% accuracy in classifying and distinguishing between infected and healthy toenail areas. Our applied superpixel method furthermore improved the algorithm's precision in identifying the infected regions.ConclusionsOur AI‐powered image analysis method, initially focused on the big toe's toenail, shows great promise for broader validation on comprehensive datasets, enabling more detailed assessments of onychomycosis severity and disease dynamics. The potential impact of limited patient diversity, particularly with darker skin tones, needs further assessment. Proven to measure nail growth and assess treatment effectiveness over time, our developed AI is the first of its kind to demonstrate this capability, representing a significant advancement as a novel decision support tool for clinical research and routine medical practice.
Influence of gut and lung dysbiosis on lung cancer progression and their modulation as promising therapeutic targets: a comprehensive review
Authors: Thapa Rajan , Magar Anjana Thapa , Shrestha Jesus , Panth Nisha , Idrees Sobia , Sadaf Tayyaba , Bashyal Saroj , Elwakil Bassma H. , Sugandhi Vrashabh V. , Rojekar Satish , Nikhate Ram , Gupta Gaurav , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal , Hansbro Philip M , Paudel Keshav Raj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLung cancer (LC) continues to pose the highest mortality and exhibits a common prevalence among all types of cancer. The genetic interaction between human eukaryotes and microbial cells plays a vital role in orchestrating every physiological activity of the host. The dynamic crosstalk between gut and lung microbiomes and the gut–lung axis communication network has been widely accepted as promising factors influencing LC progression. The advent of the 16s rDNA sequencing technique has opened new horizons for elucidating the lung microbiome and its potential pathophysiological role in LC and other infectious lung diseases using a molecular approach. Numerous studies have reported the direct involvement of the host microbiome in lung tumorigenesis processes and their impact on current treatment strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. The genetic and metabolomic cross‐interaction, microbiome‐dependent host immune modulation, and the close association between microbiota composition and treatment outcomes strongly suggest that designing microbiome‐based treatment strategies and investigating new molecules targeting the common holobiome could offer potential alternatives to develop effective therapeutic principles for LC treatment. This review aims to highlight the interaction between the host and microbiome in LC progression and the possibility of manipulating altered microbiome ecology as therapeutic targets.
“You sure she's not making this up?”: A qualitative investigation of stigma toward adults with borderline personality disorder in physical healthcare settings
Authors: Navarre Kellyann M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with pervasive stigma that contributes to several consequences, such as inaccessible and inadequate healthcare. Existing literature concerning the experiences of BPD stigma within healthcare settings predominantly centers on mental healthcare contexts. However, individuals with BPD also present with elevated physical disabilities and health concerns, demonstrating a need for regular contact with medical professionals to manage and coordinate physical healthcare. The current qualitative study analyzes the dynamics of stigma and consequences in medical settings for physical healthcare among individuals diagnosed with BPD. Community adults (N = 16, Mage = 29.50, 44% cisgender women) provided qualitative responses describing their experiences with stigma in medical settings other than for mental health purposes. The inductive thematic analysis generated six key themes: (1) Dismissal and Misattribution of Physical Symptoms, (2) Delayed or Inappropriate Medical Diagnosis and Intervention, (3) Communication and Advocacy Challenges, (4) Invalidation of Emotional Well‐Being and Distress, (5) Self‐Harm Stigma, and (6) Presumed Drug‐Seeking Behavior. This article demonstrates the persistent and complex role of stigma across physical healthcare settings for individuals with BPD, affecting their physical and mental healthcare outcomes. It also identifies areas for future research and improvement and offers insights to ameliorate these issues.
Dawn of an era of effective treatments for MAFLD
Authors: Gofton Cameron , George Jacob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFatty liver disease is a commonly occurring disease resulting in hepatic and extrahepatic complications. To date, there have been few available treatments beyond conventional lifestyle modification. While lifestyle modifications resulting in weight loss >10% have shown to be beneficial for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH), for the majority of patients, this is difficult to achieve. The recent approval of resmetirom (a thyroid hormone receptor beta agonist) by the Food and Drug Administration following positive results for histological outcomes in a phase 3 trial has opened the door for new treatments for metabolic (dysfunction)‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and MASH. There are currently a number of phase 3 trials targeting a variety of signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic steatohepatitis that are also promising. This review focuses on the currently available treatments for MAFLD and MASH, ongoing phase 3 clinical trials, and unresolved controversies in clinical trials in this area.