bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) 1 KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Muhammad Musfiatul Wardi Muhammad Musfiatul Wardi Muhammad Musfiatul Wardi 
Published: August 2019

Pendidikan karakter di madrasah ibtidaiyah merupakan pondasi awal bagi pembentukan karakter suatu bangsa. Rentannya pendidikan karakter saat ini sangat meresahkan orang tua dan juga pendidikan secara nasional. Pendidikan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Kota Mataram telah menerapkan pendidikan karakter sebagai jawaban atas keresahan orang tua dan pendidikan secara global sebagai keberhasilan pembentukan karakter bangsa. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka permasalahan yang dapat dirumuskan adalah bagaimana implementasi pendidikan karakter di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Kota Mataram, dan tantangan-tantangan yang di hadapi dalam proses pengimplementasian pendidikan karakter di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Kota Mataram. Tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah sebagai langkah awal dan sebagai tolak ukur madrasah untuk pelaksanaan pendiddikan karakter dan mengetahui strategi yang digunakan dalam pengimplementasian pendidikan karakter dalam pembentukan karakter siswa serta tantangan atau hambatan yang di hadapi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriftif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan mengunakan model miles and huberman, yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses implementasi pendidikan karakter di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Kota Mataram di lakukakan melalui kegiatan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas maupun di luar kelas, kegiatan rutin dan kegiatan ekstrakulikuler,serta kegiatan dalam bentuk kebijakan yang di terapkan di MIN 1 Kota Mataram ng di tanamkan, dengan mengacu pada 4 (empat) model pembelajaran karakter yakni, pembiasaan, keteladanan, pembinaan disiplin peserta didik, dan CTL (Contextual Teaching Learning). Adapun penerapan model pembelajaran melalui pembiasaan seperti nilai religius, nilai kejujuran, nilai tanggung jawab, peduli sosial, Keteladanan dapat di terapkan melalui nilai peduli lingkungan dan komunkikatif, CTL dapat di terapkan melalui rasa ingin tahu dan cinta damai, sedangkan pembinaan disiplin peserta didik melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler pramuka, drum band, dan lain sebagainnya, dalam implementasi nilai kedisiplinan, dan nilai kerja keras, kreatif dan menghargai prestasi di implementasikan melalui kegiatan kreativitas siswa, dan keikutsertaan dalam lomba. dan hambatan atau tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi pada saat proses pengimplementasian pendidikan karakter berasal dari, siswa, guru, dan sarana prasarana.
Reducing the effort for systematic reviews in software engineering
Authors: Osborne Francesco , Muccini Henry , Lago Patricia , Motta Enrico 
Published: August 2019

Context: Systematic Reviews (SRs) are means for collecting and synthesizing evidence from the identification and analysis of relevant studies from multiple sources. To this aim, they use a well-defined methodology meant to mitigate the risks of biases and ensure repeatability for later updates. SRs, however, involve significant effort. Goal: The goal of this paper is to introduce a novel methodology that reduces the amount of manual tedious tasks involved in SRs while taking advantage of the value provided by human expertise. Method: Starting from current methodologies for SRs, we replaced the steps of keywording and data extraction with an automatic methodology for generating a domain ontology and classifying the primary studies. This methodology has been applied in the Software Engineering sub-area of Software Architecture and evaluated by human annotators. Results: The result is a novel Expert-Driven Automatic Methodology, EDAM, for assisting researchers in performing SRs. EDAM combines ontology-learning techniques and semantic technologies with the human-in-the-loop. The first (thanks to automation) fosters scalability, objectivity, reproducibility and granularity of the studies; the second allows tailoring to the specific focus of the study at hand and knowledge reuse from domain experts. We evaluated EDAM on the field of Software Architecture against six senior researchers. As a result, we found that the performance of the senior researchers in classifying papers was not statistically significantly different from EDAM. Conclusions: Thanks to automation of the less-creative steps in SRs, our methodology allows researchers to skip the tedious tasks of keywording and manually classifying primary studies, thus freeing effort for the analysis and the discussion.
Physical Activity, APOE Genotype, and Cognitive Decline: Exploring Gene-Environment Interactions in the UK Biobank
Authors: Folley Stephanie , Zhou Ang , Llewellyn David J. , Hyppönen Elina 
Published: August 2019

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype affects the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with inconclusive evidence on the opportunity to mitigate related adverse effects by lifestyle changes. Objective: To examine the individual and interactive associations of APOE and objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary activity with cognitive decline. Methods: We used data from middle-aged and older UK Biobank participants with repeat tests on visuospatial memory ( n = 52,767) and fluid intelligence ( n = 19,713), and who also took part in the accelerometer sub-study. PA and sedentary activity were assessed by a wrist-worn accelerometer over a seven-day period. Cognitive decline was defined as >1 standard deviation (SD) reduction in memory or fluid intelligence score, and the mean follow up from baseline was 5.8 years. Results: There was an age dependent association between APOE ɛ 4 genotype and memory decline (page-interaction = 0.01), with the association only seen in participants who were >65 years (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; for <65 years OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.14). The OR for the APOE ɛ 4 association with fluid intelligence decline was 1.11 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.24), and there was no evidence for age interaction (p age- interaction = 0.99). High PA and low sedentary activity were associated with reduced mean memory decline ( p < 0.02 for both). There was no interaction between PA or sedentary activity with APOE ɛ 4 regarding either of the cognitive decline measures ( p > 0.63 for all). Conclusion: This large-scale study using objectively measured PA did not find differential effects of PA on cognitive decline based on APOE genotype.
Resveratrol and Metformin Recover Prefrontal Cortex AMPK Activation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice but Reduce BDNF and Synaptophysin Protein Content
Authors: Yang Alex J.T. , Frendo-Cumbo Scott , MacPherson Rebecca E.K. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are established risk factors for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given this connection, two drugs, metformin (MET) and resveratrol (RESV), are considered for the clearance of amyloid-β peptides through AMPK-mediated activation of autophagy. However, overactivation of AMPK observed in late-stage AD brains and relationships between AMPK and neurogenesis (through mTORC1 inhibition), questions treatment with these drugs. Objective: To examine if MET and/or RESV supplementation activates brain AMPK, regulates markers of autophagy, and affects markers of neuronal health/neurogenesis. Methods: 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low (N = 12; 10% kcal fat; LFD) or high fat diet (N = 40; 60% kcal fat; HFD) for 9 weeks to induce insulin resistance and obesity. HFD mice were then treated with/without MET (250 mg/kg/day), RESV (100 mg/kg/day), or COMBO (MET: 250 mg/kg/day, RESV: 100 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were extracted for western blotting analysis. Results: Cortex AMPK (T172) and raptor (S792, the regulatory subunit of mTORC1) phosphorylation were upregulated following RESV, COMBO treatments. mTOR (S2448) and ULK1 (S555) activation was seen following MET, COMBO and RESV, COMBO treatments, respectively, in the cortex and hippocampus. p62 content was decreased following RESV, COMBO, with LC3 content being increased following RESV treatment in the cortex. Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) was significantly decreased following RESV, COMBO, and synaptophysin following all treatment in the cortex. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that while treatments upregulated markers of autophagy in the prefrontal cortex, reductions in neuronal health markers question the efficacy of AMPK as a therapy for AD.
Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension in Lewy Body Disease: A Comparison with Other Dementia Disorders
Authors: Javanshiri Keivan , Haglund Mattias , Englund Elisabet 
Published: August 2019

Background: Research concerning the potential roles of cardiovascular disease (CaVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) as risk factors for Lewy body disease (LBD) is limited. These disorders are, however, established risk factors for vascular dementia (VaD) and have been proposed as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CaVD and DM in LBD and compare the results with previous findings in cases with AD, VaD, and mixed AD-VaD (MD). Methods: Autopsy reports at the Clinical Department of Pathology in Lund from 2001–2018 were analyzed. All cases with a complete neuropathological diagnosis of LBD were selected, not distinguishing between subjects with clinical Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, on the condition of a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Clinical data were retrieved through the patients’ medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) and compared with those of the AD, VaD, and MD cases. Results: In LBD, there was less CaVD, significantly less DM ( p = 0.002) and likewise significantly less hypertension ( p < 0.001) than in VaD. The results of the LBD group were consistent with the results of the AD group. Conclusion: Our findings of a low prevalence of CaVD and CaVD risk factors in LBD and in AD argue against the association between these risk factors and their contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
What matters: Lessons learned from the implementation of PROMISE model demonstration projects
Authors: Nye-Lengerman Kelly , Gunty Amy , Johnson David , Hawes Maureen 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: PROMISE Model Demonstration Projects (MDPs) are on the front line of innovative, comprehensive supports for transition-aged youth and their families. Investments made through PROMISE can inform future policy and practice in youth transition, family engagement, and systems collaboration. This paper gives an overview of emerging lessons learned throughout the implementation of PROMISE MDPs. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of documents from key stages of project implementation, including technical assistance plans, briefing books, mid-course and annual progress reports, and comprehensive process reports. These documents were reviewed regarding five core areas around which PROMISE was developed: collaboration models, professional development, leadership, service delivery, and family engagement. FINDINGS: The most salient emerging themes concern service delivery, leadership, interagency collaboration, professional development, and family engagement. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: This document review provides the foundation and directions for a further evaluation of lessons learned in PROMISE MDPs. These lessons can inform recommendations for sustainability, the use of best practices, and the integration of policies that support employment and post-secondary education for youth with disabilities and their families. It is essential that future research continues to develop a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of these emerging themes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CATARACT
Authors: Patel Dr. Navin D. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Cataract is among the most common ocular morbidity seen among elderly patients, it incidence is related to the aging process. It is a ocular morbidity and result in decrease the eye sight. Incidence of cataract related to aging process is generally seen in patients who are aged above 45 years of age. In previous researches it was estimated that approximately seventy five percent of general population above the 70 years of age has reported to suffer from lens opacity or cataract.
Material & Methods: Patients who were presenting with nuclear or cortical or posterior sub-capsular cataracts along with healthy age and gender matched controls were enrolled from outdoor and from ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant.
Results: On the assessment of serum sodium levels it was found that mean serum sodium levels were 144.12 ± 2.43 meq/l in the cataract group and mean serum sodium levels were 139.37±3.4 meq/l in the age matched controls. This difference among both the groups was statistically significant (P value <0.05). On the assessment of serum potassium levels, it was found that mean serum potassium levels were 4.32 ± 0.11 meq/l in the cataract group and mean serum potassium levels were 4.10 ± 0.16 meq/l in the age matched controls. This difference among both the groups was statistically non-significant (P value >0.05).
Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that the higher prevance of raised serum sodium levels in patients of senile cataract. We found that any alteration in serum electrolyte concentration leads to alterations in aqueous humor’s electrolyte concentration and responsible for risk factor for development of senile cataract.
Key words: senile cataract, serum sodium, serum potassium.
ASSESSMENT OF CORRELATION BETWEEN LEUKODERMA AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
Authors: Batra Dr. Mukesh 
Published: August 2019

Background: Leukoderma is an acquired disease of pigmentation which is presented by depigmented areas of different shape and sizes on the skin. In various researches it was reported that these defects in melanocytes occurred due to autoimmune pathway or the complex causation of oxidative stress and genetics.
Material & Methods: In the present cross‑sectional prospective study 100 patients who were diagnosed with Leukoderma and controls who were not having depigmentation of skin and without any known clinical disease were enrolled for present study by simple random sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Clearance from institutional ethical committee was also taken prior to the study.
Results: The prevalence of psychiatric illness among leukoderma group was 22% and among 78% patients we did not found any psychiatric illness. The most common symptom was depression which was present among 22% of patients with Leukoderma and 18% patients with Leukoderma had anxiety symptoms. Among the control group depression was present in 5 % subjects and anxiety symptoms were present in 7% of subjects. The mean WHO-Quality of life scores was low among Leukoderma group in relation to the control group (p value <0.05). On correlation with psychiatric illness, observations were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05) with HAMA-A and HAMA- D. The observations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with GHQ total and BSA score.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of psychitric morbidity among patients with leukoderma and it was found associated with duration of disease and BSA scores. The most common symptom was depression which was followed by anxiety symptoms.
Key words: Leukoderma, psychiatric illness, anxiety, depression.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF ZANAMIVIR USING DIFFERENT POLYMERS
Authors: Kumar V. Vijaya , Gladiola B. Deekshi , Chetty C. Madhusudhana , Ugandar R. E. 
Published: August 2019

The objective of the present study is to develop gastro retentive drug delivery system of Zanamivir .Floating tablets of Zanamivir were developed with a gas generating agent NaHCO3 and in combination of different hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, HPMC and methyl cellulose .In the present work attempts have been made to prepare six formulations of Zanamivir in different ratios of drug and polymer to get a desired release profile by direct compression method .All the prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of pre compression and post compression parameters. FTIR studies revealed the absence of drug polymer interactions .Among all the formulations F5 Showed 97.4% of in vitro drug release for 10 hours and hence formulation F5 is selected as an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation F5 was found to follow Higuchi release kinetics and zero order. Further formulation F5 was subjected to accelerated stability studies for 3 months. It showed that the optimized formulation was intact without any interactions. Finally the optimized formulation F5 complying with all properties of floating tablets was found to be satisfactory
Keywords: Zanamivir, floating tablet, natural gums, sodium bicarbonate, gastro retentive drug delivery systems
دور التوجه الاستراتيجي في السمعة الاستراتيجية وتأثيره في الضغوط التنافسية دراسة استطلاعية في شركات الاتصال المتنقلة في العراق ( زين العراق , اسيا سيل , كورك , امنية)
Authors: حسين علي كاظم 
Published: August 2019

يهدف البحث الحالي معرفة دور التوجه الاستراتيجي والمتمثل بالأبعاد( التوجه نحو السوق , التوجه نحو الزبون, التوجه نحو الريادة, التوجه نحو المنافس , التوجه نحو التكنلوجيا ) في بناء السمعة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها (جودة المنتجات والخدمات, الاداء المالي , بيئة ومكان العمل ,الابداع , المسؤولية الاجتماعية ) وتأثيره في الضغوط التنافسية ببعديها ( الضغوط الداخلية والضغوط الخارجية ) , ولأجل تحقيق هدف البحث تم اختيار شركات الاتصالات (زين العراق , اسيا سيل , كورك , امنية ) في محافظة كربلاء , اذ يحاول البحث بإطاره الفكري والعملي التعرف على الدور الذي يؤديه التوجه الاستراتيجي في بناء السمعة استراتيجية ومدى تأثيره في الضغوط التنافسية , لذلك انطلق البحث من مشكلة معبر عنها بعدد من التساؤلات الفكرية والتطبيقية تهدف الاجابة عنها من خلال تشخيص مستوى اهميتها واثرها ومدى امكانية تطبيقها في شركات الاتصالات , واعتمد البحث على استمارة الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات الضرورية , وقد بلغت عينة البحث ( 89 ) من المديرين في الشركات قيد البحث , وتم الحصول على (81 ) استمارة استبانة صالحة للتحليل , وانبرى البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها عدم وجود تباين بين الابعاد لدى الشركات قيد البحث فيما يخص الانتباه الى جذب الزبائن والاهتمام بجودة الخدمات المقدمة , اما اهم التوصيات ضرورة اعتماد استراتيجية استباقية تنسجم وقدرات الشركات وعدها كسياق استراتيجي لفرض نفوذها التنافسي .
Measurement and Analysis of Oil Price Fluctuations and Trends of Government Expenditure on Agriculture and Industry in Iraq for the Period (2006-2016)
Authors: عباس صلاح مهدي , عبد الله حسن علي 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of the study: is to identify the reality of the relationship between the fluctuations in international oil prices and their reflection on the trends of government spending on agriculture and industry.
The study finds that there is no joint integration between the two variables. The independent variable (oil price) has no effect on the dependent variable (expenditure on the agricultural sector) through the calculated value of F (1.906385) A significant level of 5%, which is smaller than the table value of the minimum parameter of 3.62 at a significant level of 5% This is because most of these expenses are operating expenses, which are inflexible and insufficiently responsive to the change in oil prices, since the investment expenditure on the agricultural sector did not exceed 10% of the total public expenditure during the study period. The allocation of the industrial sector out of the total public expenditure was very low, where it reaches an verage rate of this sector over 11 years (1.1%) reflected the low allocation of this sector of total public expenditure, which negatively reflected on the level of domestic production.
The study recommends promotion of private sector, its development, providing necessary support and facilities to improve this sector to relieve pressure on the public sector through the employment of labor and thus reduce public expenditure, mostly salaries, wages of working staff, and prioritize investment expenditures of the total public expenditure of sectors that contribute to the construction of the economy that achieves the ambition to promote the economy, such as the industrial sector, in order to absorb the large numbers of the unemployed. The interest in the agricultural sector is crucial to the provision of food commodities and ensuring that these goods are not imported from abroad. These imports with negative effects on the country's economy.
تحليل العلاقة بين عجز الموازنة العامة والدين الخارجي في العراق للمدة (1990 ـ 2016)
Authors: علوان غفران حاتم , طالب ريام علي 
Published: August 2019

لقد اصبح مفهوم العجز في الموازنة العامة ظاهرة اقتصادية مزمنة تعاني منها معظم دول العالم سواءً أكانت دول متقدمة ام دول نامية , وعلى الرغم من اختلاف رؤى المدارس الاقتصادية من فكرة قبول او رفض العجز في الموازنة العامة الا ان الرأي الذي ساد هو بضرورة حكم دور الدولة من خلال تقليل الانفاق العام الذي ادى الى عجوزات مستمرة في الموازنة العامة ترتب عليها زيادة في الاقتراض الحكومي , وزيادة في الضرائب على الدخل والثروة, مما اضعف الحافز على الاستثمار الخاص , وكذلك اسهم في زيادة الركود التضخمي , واصبح من واجب الدولة تغطية النقص من مصادر التمويل المحلي التي اصبحت من الصعب ان توازي الزيادات المتواصلة في الانفاق العام , فغدت مشكلة التمويل من ابرز المشكلات التي توجهها الدول النامية ولاسيما العراق , مما اجبرها على الاتجاه الى القروض الخارجية التي غالبا ما تكون مشروطة بشروط سياسية واقتصادية معقدة .
ومن هنا ركز البحث على تحليل العلاقة بين العجز في الموازنة العامة والدين الخارجي خلال المدة (1990ـ 2016م) , ومن الظروف الصعبة التي مر بها العراق خلال المدة فقد أتسمت الموازنة بالعجز نتيجة الزيادة المستمرة في الانفاق العام وترتب عليها زيادة في الدين الخارجي كمصدر من مصادر تمويل هذا العجز , وفي اطار تقدير هذه العلاقة قد توصلت الباحثة الى وجود علاقة بين العجز في الموازنة العامة والدين الخارجي .
Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sharmin Ishrat , Quamruzzaman AKM , Parveen Rezina , Yusuf M Abdulah , Khanam Rashida Akter 
Published: August 2019

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases.
Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%.
Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15