bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant’s Critical Argument(s) for Immortality Reassessed
Authors: Hahmann Andree 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Kant’s postulate of the immortality of the soul has received strikingly little attention among Kant scholars, and only very few have regarded it positively. This is not surprising given the numerous problems associated with his argument. However, it is not the only argument for immortality that Kant offers in his critical philosophy. There is also a second argument that differs from the one furnished in the Second Critique and can be found both in the Critique of Pure Reason and later texts from the 1790s. Kant also addresses here many of the problems that interpreters have found with his postulate of immortality in both earlier and later texts. This paper considers the main difficulties associated with the postulate and proposes a coherent interpretation of Kant’s argument. I show that despite the apparent change in his approach to immortality Kant did not in fact substantially alter his position during his critical period
The Ideal of the Highest Good and the Objectivity of Moral Judgment
Authors: Palatnik Nataliya 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many Kantians dismiss Kant’s claim that we have a duty to promote the highest good - an ideal world that combines complete virtue with complete happiness - as incompatible with the core of his moral philosophy. This dismissal, I argue, raises doubts about Kant’s ability to justify the moral law, yet it is a mistake. A duty to promote the highest good plays an important role in the justificatory strategy of the Critique of Practical Reason. Moreover, its analysis leads to a new perspective on Kant’s conception of moral objectivity
Quantum Chemistry Meets Deep Learning for Complex Carbohydrate and Glycopeptide Species I
Authors: Habiboglu M. Gokhan , Coskuner-Weber Orkid 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Carbohydrate complexes are crucial in many various biological and medicinal processes. The impacts of N-acetyl on the glycosidic linkage flexibility of methyl β-D-glucopyranose, and of the glycoamino acid β-D-glucopyranose-asparagine are poorly understood at the electronic level. Furthermore, the effect of D- and L-isomers of asparagine in the complexes of N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(L)-asparagine and N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(D)-asparagine is unknown. In this study, we performed density functional theory calculations of methyl β-D-glucopyranose, methyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose, and of glycoamino acids β-D-glucopyranose-asparagine, N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(L)-asparagine and N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(D)-asparagine for studying their linkage flexibilities, total solvated energies, thermochemical properties and intra-molecular hydrogen bond formations in an aqueous solution environment using the COnductor-like Screening MOdel (COSMO) for water. We linked these density functional theory calculations to deep learning via estimating the total solvated energy of each linkage torsional angle value. Our results show that deep learning methods accurately estimate the total solvated energies of complex carbohydrate and glycopeptide species and provide linkage flexibility trends for methyl β-D-glucopyranose, methyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose, and of glycoamino acids β-D-glucopyranose-asparagine, N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(L)-asparagine and N-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(D)-asparagine in agreement with density functional theory results. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first application of density functional theory along with deep learning for complex carbohydrate and glycopeptide species in an aqueous solution medium. In addition, this study shows that a few thousands of optimization frames from DFT calculations are enough for accurate estimations by deep learning tools.
Blood pressure in 3-year-old girls associates inversely with umbilical cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: an Odense Child Cohort study
Authors: Larsen Søs Dragsbæk , Dalgård Christine , Christensen Mathilde Egelund , Lykkedegn Sine , Andersen Louise Bjørkholt , Andersen Marianne , Glintborg Dorte , Christesen Henrik Thybo 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLow foetal vitamin D status may be associated with higher blood pressure (BP) in later life.ObjectiveTo examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2+3(s-25OHD) in cord and pregnancy associates with systolic and diastolic BP (SBP; DBP) in children up to 3 years of age.DesignProspective, population-based cohort study.MethodsWe included 1594 singletons from the Odense Child Cohort with available cord s-25OHD and BP data at median age 3.7 months (48% girls), 18.9 months (44% girls) or 3 years (48% girls). Maternal s-25OHD was also assessed at gestational ages 12 and 29 weeks. Multiple regression models were stratified by sexa prioriand adjusted for maternal educational level, season of birth and child height, weight and age.ResultsIn 3-year-old girls, SBP decreased with −0.7 mmHg (95% CI −1.1; −0.3,P = 0.001) and DBP with −0.4 mmHg (95% CI −0.7; −0.1,P = 0.016) for every 10 nmol/L increase in cord s-25OHD in adjusted analyses. Moreover, the adjusted odds of having SBP >90th percentile were reduced by 30% for every 10 nmol/L increase in cord s-25OHD (P = 0.004) and by 64% for cord s-25OHD above the median 45.1 nmol/L (P = 0.02). Similar findings were observed between pregnancy s-25OHD and 3-year SBP, cord s-25OHD and SBP at 18.9 months, and cord s-25OHD and DBP at 3 years. No consistent associations were observed between s-25OHD and BP in boys.ConclusionCord s-25OHD was inversely associated with SBP and DBP in young girls, but not in boys. Higher vitamin D status in foetal life may modulate BP in young girls. The sex difference remains unexplained.
From “the Worm” to “the Worms” and Back Again: The Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Nematodes
Authors: Haag Eric S , Fitch David H A , Delattre Marie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Biologists have long appreciated natural variation in the nematode phylum. The development of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism has provided a rich set of specific genetic and cellular mechanisms that have been subjected to...
Since the earliest days of research on nematodes, scientists have noted the developmental and morphological variation that exists within and between species. As various cellular and developmental processes were revealed through intense focus on Caenorhabditis elegans, these comparative studies have expanded. Within the genus Caenorhabditis, they include characterization of intraspecific polymorphisms and comparisons of distinct species, all generally amenable to the same laboratory culture methods and supported by robust genomic and experimental tools. The C. elegans paradigm has also motivated studies with more distantly related nematodes and animals. Combined with improved phylogenies, this work has led to important insights about the evolution of nematode development. First, while many aspects of C. elegans development are representative of Caenorhabditis, and of terrestrial nematodes more generally, others vary in ways both obvious and cryptic. Second, the system has revealed several clear examples of developmental flexibility in achieving a particular trait. This includes developmental system drift, in which the developmental control of homologous traits has diverged in different lineages, and cases of convergent evolution. Overall, the wealth of information and experimental techniques developed in C. elegans is being leveraged to make nematodes a powerful system for evolutionary cellular and developmental biology.
How Mendel’s Interest in Inheritance Grew out of Plant Improvement
Authors: van Dijk Peter J , Weissing Franz J , Ellis T H Noel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGregor Mendel’s crossing experiments in pea are the foundation of classical genetics, but since the importance of his 1866 paper was not understood until after long after his notebooks were burned, we know little...Despite the fact that Gregor Mendel is generally respected as the founder of genetics, little is known about the origin of and motivation for his revolutionary work. No primary sources are known that discuss his work during the period of his pea crossing experiments. Here, we report on two previously unknown interconnected local newspaper articles about Mendel’s work that predate his famous Pisum lectures by 4 years. These articles describe Mendel as a plant breeder and a horticulturist. We argue that Mendel’s initial interests concerned crop improvement, but that with time he became more interested in fundamental questions about inheritance, fertilization, and natural hybridization.
The BEN Domain Protein Insensitive Binds to the Fab-7 Chromatin Boundary To Establish Proper Segmental Identity in Drosophila
Authors: Fedotova Anna , Aoki Tsutomu , Rossier Mikaël , Mishra Rakesh Kumar , Clendinen Chaevia , Kyrchanova Olga , Wolle Daniel , Bonchuk Artem , Maeda Robert K , Mutero Annick , Cleard Fabienne , Mogila Vladic , Karch François , Georgiev Pavel , Schedl Paul 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Boundaries (insulators) in the Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) delimit autonomous regulatory domains that orchestrate the parasegment (PS)-specific expression of the BX-C homeotic genes. The Fab-7 boundary separates the iab-6 and iab-7 regulatory domains, which control Abd-B expression in PS11 and PS12, respectively. This boundary is composed of multiple functionally redundant elements and has two key functions: it blocks cross talk between iab-6 and iab-7 and facilitates boundary bypass. Here, we show that two BEN domain protein complexes, Insensitive and Elba, bind to multiple sequences located in the Fab-7 nuclease hypersensitive regions. Two of these sequences are recognized by both Insv and Elba and correspond to a CCAATTGG palindrome. Elba also binds to a related CCAATAAG sequence, while Insv does not. However, the third Insv recognition sequences is ∼100 bp in length and contains the CCAATAAG sequence at one end. Both Insv and Elba are assembled into large complexes (∼420 and ∼265–290 kDa, respectively) in nuclear extracts. Using a sensitized genetic background, we show that the Insv protein is required for Fab-7 boundary function and that PS11 identity is not properly established in insv mutants. This is the first demonstration that a BEN domain protein is important for the functioning of an endogenous fly boundary.
Loss of Cohesin Subunit Rec8 Switches Rad51 Mediator Dependence in Resistance to Formaldehyde Toxicity in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Sutherland Jeanette H , Holloman William K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) are frequently occurring lesions that provoke continual threats to the integrity of the genome by interference with replication and transcription. Reactive aldehydes generated from endogenous metabolic processes or produced in the environment are sources that trigger cross-linking of DNA with associated proteins. DNA repair pathways in place for removing DPCs, or for bypassing them to enable completion of replication, include homologous recombination (HR) and replication fork remodeling (FR) systems. Here, we surveyed a set of mutants defective in known HR and FR components to determine their contribution toward maintaining resistance to chronic formaldehyde (FA) exposure in Ustilago maydis, a fungus that relies on the BRCA2-family member Brh2 as the principal Rad51 mediator in repair of DNA strand breaks. We found that, in addition to Brh2, Rad52 was also vital for resistance to FA. Deleting the gene for Rec8, a kleisin subunit of cohesin, eliminated the requirement for Brh2, but not Rad52, in FA resistance. The Rad51K133R mutant variant that is able to bind DNA but unable to dissociate from it was able to support resistance to FA. These findings suggest a model for DPC repair and tolerance that features a specialized role for Rad52, enabling Rad51 to access DNA in its noncanonical capacity of replication fork protection rather than DNA strand transfer.
Blimp-1 Mediates Tracheal Lumen Maturation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Öztürk-Çolak Arzu , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Casanova Jordi , Araújo Sofia J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The specification of tissue identity during embryonic development requires precise spatio-temporal coordination of gene expression. Many transcription factors required for the development of organs have been identified and their expression patterns are known; however, the mechanisms through which they coordinate gene expression in time remain poorly understood. Here, we show that hormone-induced transcription factor Blimp-1 participates in the temporal coordination of tubulogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by regulating the expression of many genes involved in tube maturation. In particular, we demonstrate that Blimp-1 regulates the expression of genes involved in chitin deposition and F-actin organization. We show that Blimp-1 is involved in the temporal control of lumen maturation by regulating the beginning of chitin deposition. We also report that Blimp-1 represses a variety of genes involved in tracheal maturation. Finally, we reveal that the kinase Btk29A serves as a link between Blimp-1 transcriptional repression and apical extracellular matrix organization.
A Large Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Adult Body Mass Index Identifies Novel Loci
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas J , Choquet Hélène , Yin Jie , Banda Yambazi , Kvale Mark N , Glymour Maria , Schaefer Catherine , Risch Neil , Jorgenson Eric 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Body mass index (BMI), a proxy measure for obesity, is determined by both environmental (including ethnicity, age, and sex) and genetic factors, with &gt; 400 BMI-associated loci identified to date. However, the impact, interplay, and underlying biological mechanisms among BMI, environment, genetics, and ancestry are not completely understood. To further examine these relationships, we utilized 427,509 calendar year-averaged BMI measurements from 100,418 adults from the single large multiethnic Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. We observed substantial independent ancestry and nationality differences, including ancestry principal component interactions and nonlinear effects. To increase the list of BMI-associated variants before assessing other differences, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in GERA, with replication in the Genetic Investigation of Anthropomorphic Traits (GIANT) consortium combined with the UK Biobank (UKB), followed by GWAS in GERA combined with GIANT, with replication in the UKB. We discovered 30 novel independent BMI loci (P &lt; 5.0 × 10−8) that replicated. We then assessed the proportion of BMI variance explained by sex in the UKB using previously identified loci compared to previously and newly identified loci and found slight increases: from 3.0 to 3.3% for males and from 2.7 to 3.0% for females. Further, the variance explained by previously and newly identified variants decreased with increasing age in the GERA and UKB cohorts, echoed in the variance explained by the entire genome, which also showed gene–age interaction effects. Finally, we conducted a tissue expression QTL enrichment analysis, which revealed that GWAS BMI-associated variants were enriched in the cerebellum, consistent with prior work in humans and mice.
Philip Hieter: 2018 George W. Beadle Award
Authors: Haloupek Nicole 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Genetics Society of America’s (GSA) George W. Beadle Award honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers and who exemplify the qualities of its namesake. For his work fostering communication and collaboration among members of the many subfields of genetics, Philip Hieter of the University of British Columbia has been named 2018’s recipient of the award. Among his contributions are many initiatives that aim to better link human and model organism geneticists, including the Canadian Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms Network—a consortium that connects investigators who identify rare disease genes in humans to basic scientists who can study the genes in model organisms.
Analysis of the Expression of Empowering Education under Conditions of Educational Inclusion
Authors: Galkienė Alvyra 
Published: October 2018

In the research, the empowerment strategy application efficiency is analysed in the context of the construct of inclusive education, taking into account that the application of an empowerment strategy in the education process often determines the nature of interpersonal interaction as well. The research question raised: in what manner does the application of empowerment strategy encourage inclusive education processes?
The research was carried out by means of qualitative case study strategy. The object of analysis is the socio-educational experience of one class teacher. The data was collected via diary method. In her diary, the teacher reflects on her experiences in the following fields: education design, co-operation experiences, response to pupils’ needs, education process and environment, and curriculum.
It was revealed that various activities of pupil empowerment in the education process (setting rules, autonomous formulation of goals, progressive problem solving, information sharing) serve as a basis for the realization of inclusive education and are directly linked to various dimensions of the construct of the given education system. The activation process of inclusive education values benefits from clearly defining the limits to interpersonal actions through systematic reflection on community situations, discussion on pupils’ creative activities, and involving pupils in solving problematic organizational issues within the community. Enabling pupils to continuously participate in solving matters of the learning community allows to avoid the indoctrination of values and creates conditions to internalize the values of community spirit and respect through the recognition of differences between community members as a natural phenomenon.
Research results show that the construct of empowering education provides preconditions to involve the pupils into the activities of planning, implementing, and evaluating the education process. Conscious formulation of educational goals in the context of a learning community together with others, as well as taking decisions towards those goals accumulate energy needed to carry out activities and overcome problems, and provide encouragement to plan new, higher, goals.
The research reveals that the following two types of empowerment principles are applied in the process of inclusive education: direct empowerment – positive generalizations; information presented openly; providing freedom to decide and accepting the decision; indirect empowerment – demonstrating the teacher’s interest; encouragement; creating conditions to look for solutions; teacher’s contribution to the pupil’s successful result; search for solutions in groups. In order to achieve the realization of inclusive education in schools, it is obligatory to shift from instruction oriented teaching of pupils to trust-based empowerment of the pupils to learn.
The Importance of Educational Level and Occupation to Adjustment to Disability Among Mobility Impaired People
Authors: Alčiauskaitė Laura , Šinkariova Liuda 
Published: October 2018

Every disability results in array of reactions ranging from negative affectivity to successful acceptance of disability among mobility impaired people. Previous studies suggest that educational level and occupation are potential variables affecting adjustment to disability but there is a lack of research analysing how these variables are related to individual’s reactions to disability.
The aim of the study was to assess the importance of educational level and occupation to adjustment to disability among mobility impaired people.
The study sample included 275 mobility impaired individuals, aged between 18 and 79. Their adjustment to disability was assessed using two questionnaires: 1) Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory (Livneh & Antonak, 1990), measuring six emotional reactions to disability: denial, depression, internalized anger, externalized hostility, acknowledgement and adjustment; 2) Acceptance of disability scale (Linkowski, 1971).
The results revealed that individuals with higher educational level reported less internalized anger and externalized hostility compared to individuals with lower educational level. In addition, employed individuals expressed less depression and internalized anger and greater adjustment than unemployed individuals. Individuals who were students at the time reported less depression and greater denial, acknowledgement and adjustment to disability compared to those who were unemployed. Students also perceived greater externalized hostility than employed individuals. The results of linear regression indicated that employment and student status but not disability related variables significantly explained the variance of acceptance of disability.
The Reflection Experience of Future Teachers as Professional Improvement Tool
Authors: Žibėnienė Gintautė , Barkauskaitė Marijona 
Published: October 2018

In the article is presented a qualitative research, which was based on the methodological provisions of social constructivism and theoretical assumptions of social constructivism. The main topic of the article is to discuss the experiences of future teachers (pedagogy studies students), reflections. Main purpose is to discuss the reflection experience of future teachers, as professional improvement tool. The research was conducted in 2016–2017 December, the research involved 17 students of pedagogy studies. Research data collection and analysis methods: document analysis and analysis of scientific literature, open question, content analysis. There are two main directions of reflections of future teachers: 1) personal reflection experiences and 2) the benefits of reflection for the students. The personal reflection experience of future teachers is unconscious discovery of a person, a change from the negative attitude to positive. Also it is not always a pleasant and easy experience, self-analysis and improvement, the emerging need for reflection in practice. As well in “the personal reflection experience of future teachers” idea, we can include the linking of reflection results with life and professional success and last but not least, the need to apply different reflections methods based on insights on the change in the evaluation of personal achievements from the experience provided for possible failures and threats to reflection. Future teachers are going to use reflection techniques with student in a purpose of helping to learn and understand the meaning of learning. Also it helps to develop responsibility, teach a student and it is a good way to develop critical thinking. Moreover, the last benefit of these techniques is that fact that it makes the process of learning more interesting.
EFEK PENAMBAHAN ASAM FENILFOSPONAT-SENG, TALK DAN TRIASETIN TERHADAP LAJU KRISTALISASI POLIASAM LAKTAT
Authors: Suryanegara Lisman , Yuliansih Putri , Syamani Firda Aulya , Laksana Raden Permana Budi , Subyakto Subyakto , Abidin Zaenal 
Published: October 2018

Dalam aplikasi industri, salah satu kekurangan poli asam laktat (PLA) adalah kristalisasi yang lambat, sehingga meneyebabkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk mengolah PLA dibandingkan dengan polimer konvensional seperti polipropilen. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan pengisi atau aditif terhadap laju kristalisasi PLA. PLA dilarutkan dalam diklorometana (DCM) dan dicampur dengan nucleating agent (seng asam fenilfosfonat atau talk) atau pelunak (triasetin) pada konsentrasi yang berbeda diikuti dengan pengeringan pada suhu kamar selama 24 jam dan pengeringan oven selama 2 jam pada suhu 80 °C. Campuran kering PLA ditempa panas pada 180 °C selama 10 menit. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kristalisasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pengisi atau aditif mempercepat proses kristalisasi PLA. Asam seng fenilfosponat (PPA-Zn) adalah pengisi yang paling efektif untuk mempercepat laju kristalisasi PLA.