bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting dry matter intake using conceptual models for cattle kept under tropical and subtropical conditions1
Authors: Bateki Christian A , Dickhoefer Uta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Using empirical models to predict voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) of cattle across production systems in the (Sub-)Tropics often yields VDMI estimates with low adequacy (i.e., accuracy and precision). Thus, we investigated whether semimechanistic conceptual mathematical models (CMM) developed for cattle in temperate areas could be adopted and adjusted to adequately predict VDMI of stall-fed cattle in the (Sub-)Tropics. The CMM of Conrad et al. (1964) (C1) and Mertens (1987) (M1) were identified and adopted for their simplicity in reflecting physicophysiological VDMI regulation. Both CMM use 2 equations that estimate the physiologically and physically regulated VDMI and retain the lower VDMI prediction as actual VDMI. Furthermore, C1 was modified by increasing the daily average fecal dry matter output from 0.0107 to 0.0116 kg/kg body weight, yielding the modified model C2. For M1, the daily neutral detergent fiber intake capacity was increased from 0.012 to 0.0135 kg/kg body weight and the daily metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance from 0.419 to 0.631 MJ/kg0.75 body weight, whereas the metabolizable energy requirements for gain was reduced from 32.5 to 24.3 MJ/kg body weight gain, yielding the modified model M2. Last, also the mean of the physically and physiologically regulated VDMI rather than the lower of both estimates was retained as actual VDMI to generate the models C3 (from C1), C4 (from C2), M3 (from M1), and M4 (from M2). The 8 CMM were then evaluated using a data set summarizing results from 52 studies conducted under (sub)tropical conditions. The mean bias, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate adequacy and robustness of all CMM. The M4, C2, and C1 were the most adequate CMM [i.e., lowest mean biases (0.07, −0.22, and 0.14 kg/animal and day, respectively), RMSEP (1.62, 1.93, and 2.0 kg/animal and day, respectively), and CCC (0.91, 0.86, and 0.85, respectively)] and robust of the 8 CMM. Hence, CMM can adequately predict VDMI across diverse stall-fed cattle systems in the (Sub-)Tropics. Adjusting CMM to reflect the differences in feed quality and animal physiology under typical husbandry conditions in the (Sub-)Tropics and those in temperate areas improves the adequacy of their VDMI predictions.
Ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade extracellular L-citrulline and have a limited ability to metabolize extracellular L-glutamate1,2
Authors: Gilbreath Kyler R , Nawaratna Gayan I , Wickersham Tryon A , Satterfield M Carey , Bazer Fuller W , Wu Guoyao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The microbial population within the rumen has long been considered to have the capability of extensively degrading all dietary AA. Results from our feeding trials revealed that this dogma is not correct. In vitro studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that certain AA undergo little degradation by ruminal microbes. Whole ruminal fluid (3 mL, containing microorganisms) from cannulated adult steers (~500 kg, n = 6) was incubated at 37 °C with 5 mM l-glutamine, l-glutamate, l-arginine, or l-citrulline for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h to determine time-dependent changes in the metabolism of these AA. Additional ruminal fluid was incubated with 0, 0.5, 2 or 5 mM l-glutamine, l-glutamate, l-arginine, or l-citrulline for 2 h to determine dose-dependent changes in their metabolism. An aliquot (50 µL) of the incubation solution was collected at the predetermined time points for AA analyses. There was extensive hydrolysis of l-glutamine into l-glutamate and ammonia, and l-arginine into l-ornithine, l-proline, and ammonia, but the near absence of catabolism of extracellular l-glutamate and no degradation of extracellular l-citrulline by ruminal microbes. There was little uptake of 14C-labeled l-glutamate and no detectable uptake of 14C-labeled l-citrulline by the cells. These results indicate, for the first time, that ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade extracellular l-citrulline and that metabolism of extracellular l-glutamate is negligible compared with their ability to extensively catabolize extracellular l-arginine and l-glutamine.
Growth in the northern stone crab Lithodes maja Linnaeus, 1758 (Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae), a potential fishery target, in the laboratory
Authors: Brown Alastair , Thatje Sven 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Data are presented on growth in early juvenile (N = 36; 2.05–3.95 mm carapace length) Lithodes maja Linnaeus, 1758 reared at 6 °C in the laboratory, and on growth in males (N = 24; 45.9–113.3 mm carapace length) and females (N = 9; 61.0–81.3 mm carapace length) maintained at 6 °C in the laboratory. Growth rate did not differ significantly among early juvenile, males, or females, and therefore appeared linear across the size range examined. Intermoult period increased with increasing size. Growth and intermoult period models were combined to estimate size at age. Age at maturity appears greater in L. maja than in other species of Lithodes, suggesting that L. maja may be more vulnerable to fisheries overexploitation.
Positional Portfolio Management
Authors: Gagliardini P , Gourieroux C , Rubin M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study positional portfolio management strategies in which the manager maximizes an expected utility function written on the cross-sectional rank (position) of the portfolio return. The objective function reflects the manager’s goal to be well-ranked among competitors. To implement positional allocation strategies, we specify a nonlinear unobservable factor model for the asset returns which disentangles the dynamics of the cross-sectional distribution and the dynamics of the ranks of the individual assets. Using a large dataset of stocks returns we find that positional strategies outperform standard momentum, reversal and mean-variance allocation strategies, as well as equally weighted portfolio for criteria based on position.
Racial Comparisons in Timeliness of Colon Cancer Treatment in an Equal-Access Health System
Authors: Eaglehouse Yvonne L , Georg Matthew W , Shriver Craig D , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Non-Hispanic black (NHB) adults with cancer may have longer time-to-treatment than non-Hispanic whites (NHW) in the United States. Unequal access to medical care may partially account for this racial disparity. This study aimed to investigate whether there were racial differences in time-to-treatment and in treatment delays for patients diagnosed with colon cancer in the equal-access Military Health System (MHS).

Methods
Patients age 18–79 years diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2014, were identified in the Department of Defense Central Cancer Registry and the MHS Data Repository–linked databases. Median time-to-treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) and 95% confidence intervals were compared between NHBs and NHWs in multivariable quantile regression models. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of receiving delayed treatment defined by guidelines for NHBs relative to NHWs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Patients (n = 3067) had a mean age at diagnosis of 58.4 (12.2) years and the racial distribution was 76.7% NHW and 23.3% NHB. Median adjusted time-to-treatment was similar for NHB compared to NHW patients. The likelihood of receiving delayed treatment was similar between NHB and NHW patients.

Conclusions
In the MHS, there was no evidence of treatment delays for NHBs compared to NHWs, suggesting the role of equal access to medical care and insurance coverage in reducing racial disparities in colon cancer treatment.
Methylcitrate cycle gene MCD is essential for the virulence of Talaromyces marneffei
Authors: Feng Jiao , He Liya , Xiao Xing , Chen Zhiwen , Chen Chunmei , Chu Jieming , Lu Sha , Li Xiqing , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Xi Liyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTalaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei), which used to be known as Penicillium marneffei, is the causative agent of the fatal systemic mycosis known as talaromycosis. For the purpose of understanding the role of methylcitrate cycle in the virulence of T. marneffei, we generated MCD deletion (ΔMCD) and complementation (ΔMCD+) mutants of T. marneffei. Growth in different carbon sources showed that ΔMCD cannot grow on propionate media and grew slowly on the valerate, valine, methionine, isoleucine, cholesterol, and YNB (carbon free) media. The macrophage killing assay showed that ΔMCD was attenuated in macrophages of mice in vitro, especially at the presence of propionate. Finally, virulence studies in a murine infection experiment revealed attenuated virulence of the ΔMCD, which indicates MCD is essential for T. marneffei virulence in the host. This experiment laid the foundation for the further study of the specific mechanisms underlying the methylcitrate cycle of T. marneffei and may provide suitable targets for new antifungals.
Thermal tides in rotating hot Jupiters
Authors: Lee Umin , Murakami Daiki 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We calculate tidal torque due to semidiurnal thermal tides in rotating hot Jupiters, taking account of the effects of radiative cooling in the envelope and of the planets rotation on the tidal responses. We use a simple Jovian model composed of a nearly isentropic convective core and a thin radiative envelope. To represent the tidal responses of rotating planets, we employ series expansions in terms of spherical harmonic functions $Y_l^m$ with different ls for a given m. For low-forcing frequency, there occurs frequency resonance between the forcing and the g- and r-modes in the envelope and inertial modes in the core. We find that the resonance enhances the tidal torque, and that the resonance with the g- and r-modes produces broad peaks and that with the inertial modes very sharp peaks, depending on the magnitude of the non-adiabatic effects associated with the oscillation modes. We also find that the behaviour of the tidal torque as a function of the forcing frequency (or period) is different between prograde and retrograde forcing, particularly for long forcing periods because the r-modes, which have long periods, exist only on the retrograde side.
High efficiency photospheric emission entailed by formation of a collimation shock in gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Gottlieb Ore , Levinson Amir , Nakar Ehud 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The primary dissipation mechanism in jets of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and the high efficiency of the prompt emission are long-standing issues. One possibility is strong collimation of a weakly magnetized relativistic jet by the surrounding medium, which can considerably enhance the efficiency of the photospheric emission. We derive a simple analytic criterion for the radiative efficiency of a collimated jet showing that it depends most strongly on the baryon loading. We confirm this analytic result by 3D numerical simulations, and further find that mixing of jet and cocoon material at the collimation throat leads to a substantial stratification of the outflow as well as sporadic loading, even if the injected jet is uniform and continuous. One consequence of this mixing is a strong angular dependence of the radiative efficiency. Another is large differences in the Lorentz factor of different fluid elements that lead to formation of internal shocks. Our analysis indicates that in both long and short GRBs a prominent photospheric component cannot be avoided when observed within an angle of a few degrees to the axis, unless the asymptotic Lorentz factor is limited by baryon loading at the jet base to Γ∞ < 100 (with a weak dependence on outflow power). Photon generation by newly created pairs behind the collimation shock regulates the observed temperature at $\sim 50~\theta _0^{-1}$ keV, where θ0 is the initial jet opening angle, in remarkable agreement with the observed peak energies of prompt emission spectra. Further consequences for the properties of the prompt emission are discussed at the end.
GASP – XX. From the loose spatially resolved to the tight global SFR–mass relation in local spiral galaxies
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Poggianti Bianca M , Moretti Alessia , Franchetto Andrea , Gullieuszik Marco , Fritz Jacopo , Bettoni Daniela , Tonnesen Stephanie , Radovich Mario , Jaffé Yara L , McGee Sean , Bellhouse Callum , Fasano Giovanni 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Exploiting the sample of 30 local star-forming, undisturbed late-type galaxies in different environments drawn from the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE (GASP), we investigate the spatially resolved star formation rate–mass ($\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$–$\rm \Sigma _\ast$) relation. Our analysis includes also the galaxy outskirts (up to >4 effective radii, re), a regime poorly explored by other Integral Field Spectrograph surveys. Our observational strategy allows us to detect H α out to more than 2.7re for 75 per cent of the sample. Considering all galaxies together, the correlation between the $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$ and $\rm \Sigma _\ast$ is quite broad, with a scatter of 0.3 dex. It gets steeper and shifts to higher $\rm \Sigma _\ast$ values when external spaxels are excluded and moving from less to more massive galaxies. The broadness of the overall relation suggests galaxy-by-galaxy variations. Indeed, each object is characterized by a distinct $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$ –$\rm \Sigma _\ast$ relation and in some cases the correlation is very loose. The scatter of the relation mainly arises from the existence of bright off-centre star-forming knots whose $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$–$\rm \Sigma _\ast$ relation is systematically broader than that of the diffuse component. The $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$–$\rm \Sigma _{tot \, gas}$ (total gas surface density) relation is as broad as the $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$–$\rm \Sigma _\ast$ relation, indicating that the surface gas density is not a primary driver of the relation. Even though a large galaxy-by-galaxy variation exists, mean $\rm \Sigma _{SFR}$ and $\rm \Sigma _\ast$ values vary of at most 0.7 dex across galaxies. We investigate the relationship between the local and global SFR–M* relation, finding that the latter is driven by the existence of the size–mass relation.
The largest Crab glitch and the vortex creep model
Authors: Gügercinoğlu Erbil , Alpar M Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Crab pulsar displayed its largest glitch on 2017 November. An extended initial spin-up phase of this largest glitch was resolved, for the first time with high cadence of observations both in radio and X-rays on a time-scale of 2 d. A combination of crustquake and vortex unpinning models is invoked to account for the extended spin-up, magnitude, and post-glitch relaxation characteristics of this glitch. We evaluate the extended spin-up followed by the familiar spin-down as due to the creep response to the initial induced inward motion of some vortex lines pinned to broken crustal plates moving inward towards the rotation axis, together with the common and familiar post-glitch creep response to the sudden outward motion of vortices unpinned at the glitch. Our analysis confirms that the number of unpinned vortices participating in glitches are similar in all Crab glitches, and within an order of magnitude in all glitches from all pulsars. This typical number of unpinned vortices is related to the broken plate size in quakes as triggers for vortex unpinning avalanches. The physical determinant of this universal broken plate size is in turn the critical strain angle in the neutron star crust. Occurrence of this largest Crab glitch after a relatively long inactive period is consistent with accumulation of the pinned vorticity to be tapped.
Barred galaxies in cosmological zoom-in simulations: the importance of feedback
Authors: Zana Tommaso , Capelo Pedro R , Dotti Massimo , Mayer Lucio , Lupi Alessandro , Haardt Francesco , Bonoli Silvia , Shen Sijing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bars are a key factor in the long-term evolution of spiral galaxies, in their unique role in redistributing angular momentum and transporting gas and stars on large scales. The Eris-suite simulations are cosmological zoom-in, N-body, smoothed-particle hydrodynamic simulations built to follow the formation and evolution of a Milky-Way-sized galaxy across the build-up of the large-scale structure. Here we analyse and describe the outcome of two particular simulations taken from the Eris suite – ErisBH and Eris2k – which mainly differ in the prescriptions employed for gas cooling, star formation, and feedback from supernovae and black holes. Our study shows that the enhanced effective feedback in Eris2k, due to the collective effect of the different micro-physics implementations, results in a galaxy that is less massive than its ErisBH counterpart till z ∼ 1. However, when the stellar content is large enough so that global dynamical instabilities can be triggered, the galaxy in Eris2k develops a stronger and more extended bar with respect to ErisBH. We demonstrate that the structural properties and time evolution of the two bars are very different. Our results highlight the importance of accurate sub-grid prescriptions in cosmological zoom-in simulations of the process of galaxy formation and evolution, and the possible use of a statistical sample of barred galaxies to assess the strength of the stellar feedback.
Dark-matter-deficient galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Jing Yingjie , Wang Chunxiang , Li Ran , Liao Shihong , Wang Jie , Guo Qi , Gao Liang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Low-mass galaxies are expected to be dark-matter-dominated even within their central regions. Recently, two observations reported two dwarf galaxies in a group environment with very little dark matter in their central regions. We explore the population and origins of dark-matter-deficient galaxies (DMDGs) using two state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, the EAGLE and Illustris projects. For all satellite galaxies with 109 < M* < 1010 M$\odot$ in groups with M200 > 1013 M$\odot$, we find that about $2.6\, {\rm per\, cent}$ of them in EAGLE, and $1.5\, {\rm per\, cent}$ in Illustris are DMDGs with dark matter fractions below $50\, {\rm per\, cent}$ inside two times the half-stellar-mass radius. We demonstrate that DMDGs are highly tidally disrupted galaxies, and that because dark matter has a higher binding energy than stars, mass loss of the dark matter is much more rapid than that of stars in DMDGs during tidal interactions. If DMDGs were confirmed in observations, they are expected in current galaxy formation models.
Placental creatine metabolism in cases of placental insufficiency and reduced fetal growth
Authors: Ellery Stacey J , Murthi Padma , Davies-Tuck Miranda L , Della Gatta Paul A , May Anthony K , Kowalski Greg M , Callahan Damien L , Bruce Clinton R , Alers Nicole O , Miller Suzanne L , Erwich Jan Jaap H M , Wallace Euan M , Walker David W , Dickinson Hayley , Snow Rod J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCreatine is a metabolite involved in cellular energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined placental creatine content, and expression of the enzymes required for creatine synthesis, transport and the creatine kinase reaction, in pregnancies complicated by low birthweight. We studied first trimester chorionic villus biopsies (CVBs) of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriately grown infants (AGA), along with third trimester placental samples from fetal growth restricted (FGR) and healthy gestation-matched controls. Placental creatine and creatine precursor (guanidinoacetate—GAA) levels were measured. Maternal and cord serum from control and FGR pregnancies were also analyzed for creatine concentration. mRNA expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8); synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT); mitochondrial (mtCK) and cytosolic (BBCK) creatine kinases; and amino acid transporters (SLC7A1 & SLC7A2) was assessed in both CVBs and placental samples. Protein levels of AGAT (arginine:glycine aminotransferase), GAMT, mtCK and BBCK were also measured in placental samples. Key findings; total creatine content of the third trimester FGR placentae was 43% higher than controls. The increased creatine content of placental tissue was not reflected in maternal or fetal serum from FGR pregnancies. Tissue concentrations of GAA were lower in the third trimester FGR placentae compared to controls, with lower GATM and GAMT mRNA expression also observed. No differences in the mRNA expression of GATM, GAMT or SLC6A8 were observed between CVBs from SGA and AGA pregnancies. These results suggest placental creatine metabolism in FGR pregnancies is altered in late gestation. The relevance of these changes on placental bioenergetics should be the focus of future investigations.
Inositol pyrophosphates impact phosphate homeostasis via modulation of RNA 3′ processing and transcription termination
Authors: Sanchez Ana M , Garg Angad , Shuman Stewart , Schwer Beate 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fission yeast phosphate acquisition genes pho1, pho84, and tgp1 are repressed in phosphate-rich medium by transcription of upstream lncRNAs. Here, we show that phosphate homeostasis is subject to metabolite control by inositol pyrophosphates (IPPs), exerted through the 3′-processing/termination machinery and the Pol2 CTD code. Increasing IP8 (via Asp1 IPP pyrophosphatase mutation) de-represses the PHO regulon and leads to precocious termination of prt lncRNA synthesis. pho1 de-repression by IP8 depends on cleavage-polyadenylation factor (CPF) subunits, termination factor Rhn1, and the Thr4 letter of the CTD code. pho1 de-repression by mutation of the Ser7 CTD letter depends on IP8. Simultaneous inactivation of the Asp1 and Aps1 IPP pyrophosphatases is lethal, but this lethality is suppressed by mutations of CPF subunits Ppn1, Swd22, Ssu72, and Ctf1 and CTD mutation T4A. Failure to synthesize IP8 (via Asp1 IPP kinase mutation) results in pho1 hyper-repression. Synthetic lethality of asp1Δ with Ppn1, Swd22, and Ssu72 mutations argues that IP8 plays an important role in essential 3′-processing/termination events, albeit in a manner genetically redundant to CPF. Transcriptional profiling delineates an IPP-responsive regulon composed of genes overexpressed when IP8 levels are increased. Our results establish a novel role for IPPs in cell physiology.
KDM2 proteins constrain transcription from CpG island gene promoters independently of their histone demethylase activity
Authors: Turberfield Anne H , Kondo Takashi , Nakayama Manabu , Koseki Yoko , King Hamish W , Koseki Haruhiko , Klose Robert J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
CpG islands (CGIs) are associated with the majority of mammalian gene promoters and function to recruit chromatin modifying enzymes. It has therefore been proposed that CGIs regulate gene expression through chromatin-based mechanisms, however in most cases this has not been directly tested. Here, we reveal that the histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) demethylase activity of the CGI-binding KDM2 proteins contributes only modestly to the H3K36me2-depleted state at CGI-associated gene promoters and is dispensable for normal gene expression. Instead, we discover that KDM2 proteins play a widespread and demethylase-independent role in constraining gene expression from CGI-associated gene promoters. We further show that KDM2 proteins shape RNA Polymerase II occupancy but not chromatin accessibility at CGI-associated promoters. Together this reveals a demethylase-independent role for KDM2 proteins in transcriptional repression and uncovers a new function for CGIs in constraining gene expression.