bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and outward FDI: a double direction approach
Authors: Alcaraz Jorge , Salamanca Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify, based on social network theory, the relationship between the direction of international migration (immigration/emigration) and the international movement of enterprises and their location.

Design/methodology/approach
A traditional gravity model and the Tobit estimation method are applied to three groups of countries from three different regions: Latin America, North America and the European Union. The study considers a period from 2001 to 2012.

Findings
The main results suggest that the international migration that goes from the European Union and North America to Latin America is related with the firms’ internationalization and their respective location.

Practical implications
Given that migration can be an important and reliable source of information, trust and knowledge, managers should see it as a “bridge” between the home and host countries, which, in turn, can increase their competitive advantage.

Social implications
Governments can learn how migration and outward foreign direct investment interact. In addition, they could develop political frameworks to accurately and effectively manage international migration (immigration and emigration) and FDI in the best interests of the stakeholders.

Originality/value
This study extends the social network theory by suggesting that networks are not only related with firms’ expansion abroad but as well with their location. This statement could be generalizable as long as emigration/networks (ethnic ties) are considered the links between the home and the host country.
Life‐history trait variation in a queen‐size dimorphic ant
Authors: Wolf Jana I. , Punttila Pekka , Seppä Perttu 
Published: August 2018

1. Size polymorphism is often connected to alternative life‐history traits, which may eventually lead to distinct size classes. In the antMyrmica ruginodis, larger macrogyne and smaller microgyne queen morphs have been suggested to follow different reproductive strategies, which has presumably resulted in several differences in their key life‐history traits.2. In this study, we examine the association of queen‐size morphs with colony queen number (monogyny vs. polygyny), dispersal and queen recruitment patterns, as well as habitat associations of the queen morphs. We do this by sampling established queens from a large number of excavated nests from several populations, estimating genetic relatedness among coexisting queens and pitfall trapping free‐ranging wingless queens.3. Our results show that associations of queen morphs with colony queen number and nest‐founding strategy holds only partly. The morph frequencies vary widely across populations from practically pure macrogyne to more than 50% microgyne, but the expected association of macrogyne occurrence with monogyny and microgyne with polygyny is not universal. Dispersal and queen recruitment patterns also show that although most macrogynes participate in nuptial flights and most microgynes are recruited back to their natal nests, a fraction of both morphs use the alternative strategy.4. The polygynous microgyne morph has been suggested to specialize in stable habitats, but our results from Finnish mesic heath forests do not support this. This study shows that factors other than just queen size also influence life‐history trait variation and reproductive strategies in ants.
A method to analyse the isotopic composition of oxygen associated with organic phosphorus in soil and plant material
Authors: Tamburini F. , Pistocchi C. , Helfenstein J. , Frossard E. 
Published: August 2018

The isotopic composition of oxygen bound to phosphorus (P) in phosphate (δ18O‐P) has been used to improve our understanding of P cycling in the soil–plant system. The determination ofδ18O‐P in the inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) soil P pools obtained from soil sequential extractions would further our knowledge. Although methods exist for the purification of inorganic soil P pools, there is no published method for organic P at present. Without this information, it is impossible to determine the signature of the inorganic P released by enzyme hydrolysis. In this paper, we present a protocol for the separation and purification of the organic and inorganic P extracted by NaOH‐EDTA in sequential extraction. The procedure was tested on different reference compounds as well as soil and plant materials from temperate and tropical climates. We assessed the efficiency of separation between inorganic and organic P, and of the ultraviolet (UV) hydrolysis of organic P, and the effect of possible interfering compounds. Overall, the protocol enables 30–80% of organic P extracted by NaOH‐EDTA to be purified. The measuredδ18O‐P of organic P ranged from 12.7 to 20.3‰ in soils and from 17 to 27‰ in plants. Although the method provides the signature of a fraction only of soil bulk organic P, it represents the best approach to assess the contribution of enzyme hydrolysis to the inorganic P pools, and it completes the set of purification schemes required to characterizeδ18O‐P in soil inorganic and organic P.HighlightsStreamlined method to determine the oxygen isotopic signature of organic P in soils and plants.This information is currently unavailable and values are simply ‘guessed’.The oxygen isotopic signature of organic P is not necessarily similar to that of inorganic phosphate.The signature of organic P should be determined because it enables understanding of P cycling in the soil–plant system.
Sequential treatment of actinic keratosis with cryotherapy and ingenol mebutate: reflectance confocal microscopy monitoring of efficacy and local skin reaction
Authors: Pasquali Paola , Segurado‐Miravalles Gonzalo , González Salvador 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSequential treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and cancerization field with cryotherapy and ingenol mebutate (IM) is widely used in clinical practice, however, the order of application of sequential treatment has not been examined yet.ObjectiveTo compare different sequential treatments of IM and cryotherapy in AK and to monitor cure rates and local skin reactions (LSR) through reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).MethodsPatients with AK were treated with IM and cryotherapy. Group A received treatment with IM before cryotherapy, and group B patients were firstly treated with cryotherapy and secondly IM. RCM evaluation of epidermal dysplasia and LSR was performed prior to the first treatment (Week 0), before the second treatment (Week 2), and one month and two months after initial assessment.ResultsThe study included 26 patients – 14 patients in group A and 12 patients in group B. In both groups, significant improvement in epidermal dysplasia RCM parameters between the first and last visit was observed. Regarding LSR parameters, group A presented fewer LSR parameters than group B on the second visit. This difference was present even if comparison was made between the third visit of group A and the second visit of group B.ConclusionsBoth sequences of treatment are effective, but IM treatment before cryotherapy is recommended because of the lower LSR. This probably decreases patient discomfort and improves compliance.
Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease
Authors: Adamek Mikolaj , Teitge Felix , Jung‐Schroers Verena , Heling Max , Gela David , Piackova Veronika , Kocour Martin , Steinhagen Dieter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKoi sleepy disease (KSD) is a disease with increasing importance in global common carp aquaculture. Despite the fact that carp edema virus (CEV) is most likely the causative agent of KSD, the disease often presents itself as multifactorial with several parasites and bacteria species present on gills, skin or in internal organs. Therefore, in this study, we analysed and presented initial results on an interaction of flavobacteria and CEV in the development of clinical KSD in carp suffering from proliferative gill disease. We examined selected field samples from Germany and Hungary and confirmed the presence of CEV and flavobacteria co‐infections in subset of the samples. In several infection experiments, we studied the transfer and dynamics of both infections. Furthermore, we analysed which Flavobacterium species could be isolated from KSD‐affected fish and concluded that Flavobacterium branchiophilum is a possible copathogen. Antibiotic treatment experiments showed that CEV seems to be the primary pathogen causing an insult to the gills of carp and by these enabling other pathogens, including F. branchiophilum, to establish co‐infections. Despite the fact that F. branchiophilum co‐infection is not required for the development of clinical KSD, it could contribute to the pathological changes recorded during the outbreaks.
Early stages of infection of three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus
Authors: Wohlleben Anika Marie , Franke Frederik , Hamley Madeleine , Kurtz Joachim , Scharsack Jörn Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParasitic helminths have evolved strategies to evade their host's immune systems. Particularly, the early time of interactions between helminths and their hosts might be decisive for their infection success. We used the cestode Schistocephalus solidus, and its highly specific second intermediate host, the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to investigate parasite infection and host cellular immune responses starting 1 day postexposure (dpe). We recovered live parasites from stickleback body cavities already 24 hr after exposure. Infection rates increased up to 50% and did not change from 4 dpe onwards. Thus, not all parasites had reached the body cavity at the early time points and clearance of the parasite at later time points did not occur. Stickleback head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) did not show distinct signs of activation and lymphocyte proliferation, granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratios and respiratory burst activity of infected sticklebacks did not deviate from controls significantly. The immune system was activated only late, as indicated by an increase in the total count of HKL relative to stickleback weight (HKL per mg fish), which was significantly elevated in infected fish 32 dpe. S. solidus seems to evade leucocyte activity early during infection facilitating its establishment in the hosts’ body cavity.
Evidence for the primacy of living root inputs, not root or shoot litter, in forming soil organic carbon
Authors: Sokol Noah W. , Kuebbing Sara. E. , Karlsen‐Ayala Elena , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is primarily formed from plant inputs, but the relative carbon (C) contributions from living root inputs (i.e. rhizodeposits) vs litter inputs (i.e. root + shoot litter) are poorly understood. Recent theory suggests that living root inputs exert a disproportionate influence on SOC formation, but few field studies have explicitly tested this by separately tracking living root vs litter inputs as they move through the soil food web and into distinct SOC pools.

We used a manipulative field experiment with an annual C4 grass in a forest understory to differentially track its living root vs litter inputs into the soil and to assess net SOC formation over multiple years.

We show that living root inputs are 2–13 times more efficient than litter inputs in forming both slow‐cycling, mineral‐associated SOC as well as fast‐cycling, particulate organic C. Furthermore, we demonstrate that living root inputs are more efficiently anabolized by the soil microbial community en route to the mineral‐associated SOC pool (dubbed ‘the in vivo microbial turnover pathway’).

Overall, our findings provide support for the primacy of living root inputs in forming SOC. However, we also highlight the possibility of nonadditive effects of living root and litter inputs, which may deplete SOC pools despite greater SOC formation rates.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐mediated Degradation of Antidiabetic Compounds: Cytotoxic Implications of Their Photodegradation Products
Authors: Challier Cecilia , Laurella Sergio , Allegretti Patricia , Sabini Carola , Sabini Liliana , García Norman A. , Biasutti Alicia , Criado Susana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in their double physiological function, helping in the maintenance of health as well as contributing to oxidative stress. Diabetes mellitus is a chronical disease nearly related to oxidative stress, whose treatment (in type II variant) consists in the administration of antidiabetic compounds (Andb) such as Gliclazide (Gli) and Glipizide (Glip). In this context, as Andb may be exposed to high ROS concentrations in diabetic patients, we have studied the potential ROS‐mediated degradation of Gli and Glip through photosensitized processes, in the presence of Riboflavin (Rf) vitamin. We found that singlet oxygen (O2(1∆g)) participated in the Rf‐sensitized photodegradation of both Andb, and also superoxide radical anion in the case of Gli. Two principal products derived from O2(1∆g)‐mediated degradation of Gli were identified and their chemical structures characterized, through HPLC mass spectrometry. O2(1∆g)‐mediated degradation products and their toxicity was assayed on Vero cell line. These studies demonstrated that neither Gli nor its photoproducts caused cytotoxic effect under the experimental conditions assayed. Our results show strong evidences of ROS‐mediated Andb degradation, which may involve the reduction or loss of their therapeutic action, as well as potential cytotoxicity derived from their oxidation products.
Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid concentrations and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in serum and milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci
Authors: Bochniarz Mariola , Kocki Tomasz , Dąbrowski Roman , Szczubiał Marek , Wawron Władysław , Turski Waldemar A. 
Published: August 2018

ContentsThe aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci (MSCNS). TRP and kynurenines were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and IDO activity was calculated as the KYN/TRP ratio. The blood and milk samples were collected from 40 midlactation Holstein‐Fresian cows from two herds in the Lublin region in Poland. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated and in the milk obtained from healthy cows growth of microorganisms was not detected. TRP, KYN and KYNA concentrations were significantly lower in milk of cows with MSCNS compared to control animals (4.47 vs. 7.24 µM, 0.14 vs. 0.21 µM, 1.58 vs. 2.18 nM, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in TRP and KYNA concentrations in serum between the studied animal groups (32.97 vs. 39.29 µM, 31.3 vs. 26.5 nM, respectively). In turn, the level of KYN was lower in the serum (0.81 vs. 1.13 µM) of cows with mastitis compared to healthy ones. No statistically significant differences in IDO activity, both in serum and in milk (25.24 and 27.55, 28.56 and 27.17, respectively) was revealed between the studied groups. These findings may have potential implications for diagnosis of mastitis in cows because reduction of these parameters in milk might be a marker predicting the occurrence of the disease.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) FOR SLOPE FAILURE INVESTIGATION: A CASE STUDY FROM KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Ismail Nurul Iffah , Wan Yaacob Wan Zuhairi 
Published: August 2018

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a commonly used tool in near surface geophysical surveys to investigate numerous geological, environmental, and engineering problems including landslides. In this study, an electrical resistivity survey was conducted at a landslide area, located in Bukit Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On 29th December 2012, a luxury hilltop bungalow was split into two when a 43m retaining wall was collapsed after a continuous heavy downpour. 2-D electrical resistivity survey have been acquired along two (2) profiles on the adjacent slope in an effort to mitigate the risks of instability, especially during the rectification work of the failed slope using a Schlumberger Array. It produced useful information about the geometry and characteristics of the study area. In addition, the 2-D resistivity method was performed to determine the behaviour of electrical resistivity underlying the slope areas and estimate the location of the failure surface. Four (4) boreholes were also drilled to obtain engineering properties of the study area such as soil classification, moisture content, soil hardness and SPT N-value. In order to develop the relationship between resistivity and engineering properties, a comparison between soil hardness and the resistivity value was made. Results from the ERT indicated the presence of zones with low resistivity values identified as percolated water in permeable loose soil, which was believed to be the potential slip surface. The findings of this study also showed that the electrical resistivity imaging coupled with borehole drillings were useful tools for the characterisation of slope failure via subsurface profiles and engineering properties of soil.
Identificación y análisis comparativo de las tendencias jurisprudenciales de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia y la Corte Suprema de Justicia relativas al contrato de seguro
Authors: Durán Roncancio Natalia Alejandra , Hernández Ordoñez Joan Sebastián , Muñoz Salas Danilo Andrés , Parada Vargas David , Rodríguez Plazas Stefania , Tejeiro Carrillo David Augusto , Jiménez Vélez Manuela 
Published: August 2018

Transcurridos los primeros cinco años desde la creación de la Delegatura para Funciones Jurisdiccionales de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, y dado que a la fecha esta entidad ha emitido más de 7533 providencias en ejercicio de las funciones judiciales que le fueron conferidas por el Artículo 57 de la Ley 1480 de 2011, consideramos pertinente efectuar un análisis descriptivo y crítico en torno a los pronunciamientos más destacados de la Delegatura en torno a las controversias más frecuentes en torno al Contrato de Seguro, en comparación con la línea jurisprudencial de la Sala Civil de la Corte Suprema de Justicia.
A través de este escrito ofrecemos a la comunidad académica un espacio de reflexión en torno a las perspectivas de protección al Consumidor de Seguros y la imperiosa necesidad de tutela de los intereses de quienes fungen como parte en la relación asegurativa, identificando así los puntos de convergencia y desencuentro.
Con tal fin, la presente investigación se ha delimitado en torno a las controversias asociadas a la nulidad relativa del contrato de seguro por declaraciones inexactas o reticentes a cargo de la parte asegurada, a la terminación ‘automática’ por impago de la prima, a las divergencias interpretativas, a la delimitación del riesgo mediante exclusiones y a conflictos derivados de la legitimación en la causa por activa de los herederos y cónyuge en el seno de los seguros de vida grupo deudores.
Long-term outcome of treat and extend intravitreal ziv-aflibercept therapy
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M , Charbaji Abdulrazzak , Farah Michel Eid , Mansour Hana A , Chhablani Jay 
Published: August 2018

AimTo assess the 30-month outcome of treat and extend (TAE) intravitreal ziv-aflibercept therapy in eyes with macular diseases.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive subjects received intravitreal 0.05 mL ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg) injections for various macular diseases. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and central macular thickness (CMT) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Paired comparison was done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test calculator.ResultsFifty-three eyes of 48 subjects (33 naïve eyes) received intravitreal ziv-aflibercept and were followed between 12 and 30 months following TAE included neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) (35 eyes) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) (18 eyes). In eyes with nAMD, CMT decreased by 107.8 µm at the 30-month follow-up (p=0.012) with BCVA gain of 0.52 (p=0.001). In eyes with DMO, CMT decreased by 224.3 µm at the 30-month follow-up (p=0.027) with BCVA gain of 0.46 (p=0.042). Combining all disease categories, the mean number of injections was 9.2 at month 12, 2.5 between 12 and 18 months, 1.6 between 18 and 24 months and 1.0 between 24 and 30 months.ConclusionsUsing TAE regimen, intravitreal ziv-aflibercept appeared efficacious at managing retinal disease through month 30 using the TAE regimen.
A Polysome-Based microRNA Screen Identifies miR-24-3p as a Novel Promigratory miRNA in Mesothelioma
Authors: Oliveto Stefania , Alfieri Roberta , Miluzio Annarita , Scagliola Alessandra , Secli Raissa S. , Gasparini Pierluigi , Grosso Stefano , Cascione Luciano , Mutti Luciano , Biffo Stefano 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The expression of miRNAs in cancer has been widely studied and has allowed the definition of oncomirs and oncosuppressors. We note that it is often underestimated that many mRNAs are expressed, but translationally silent. In spite of this, systematic identification of miRNAs in equilibrium with their target mRNAs on polysomes has not been widely exploited. To identify biologically active oncomirs, we performed a screen for miRNAs acting on the polysomes of malignant mesothelioma (MPM) cells. Only a small percentage of expressed miRNAs physically associated with polysomes. On polysomes, we identified miRNAs already characterized in MPM, as well as novel ones like miR-24-3p, which acted as a promigratory miRNA in all cancer cells tested. miR-24-3p positively regulated Rho-GTP activity, and inhibition of miR-24-3p reduced growth in MPM cells. Analysis of miR-24-3p common targets, in two mesothelioma cell lines, identified a common subset of downregulated genes. These same genes were downregulated during the progression of multiple cancer types. Among the specific targets of miR-24-3p was cingulin, a tight junction protein that inhibits Rho-GTP activity. Overexpression of miR-24-3p only partially abrogated cingulin mRNA, but completely abrogated cingulin protein, confirming its action via translational repression. We suggest that miR-24-3p is an oncomir and speculate that identification of polysome-associated miRNAs efficiently sorts out biologically active miRNAs from inactive ones.
Significance: Subcellular localization of miRNAs may predict their role in cancer and identify novel oncogenic miRNAs involved in cancer progression.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/20/5741/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5741–53. ©2018 AACR.