bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing hydrological processes in a semiarid rangeland watershed: A hydrogeophysical approach
Authors: Carey Austin M. , Paige Ginger B. , Carr Bradley J. , Holbrook W. Steven , Miller Scott N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe complex ecohydrological processes of rangelands can be studied through the framework of ecological sites (ESs) or hillslope‐scale soil–vegetation complexes. High‐quality hydrologic field investigations are needed to quantitatively link ES characteristics to hydrologic function. Geophysical tools are useful in this context because they provide valuable information about the subsurface at appropriate spatial scales. We conducted 20 field experiments in which we deployed time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), variable intensity rainfall simulation, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), and seismic refraction, on hillslope plots at five different ESs within the Upper Crow Creek Watershed in south‐east Wyoming. Surface runoff was measured using a precalibrated flume. Infiltration data from the rainfall simulations, coupled with site‐specific resistivity–water content relationships and ERT datasets, were used to spatially and temporally track the progression of the wetting front. First‐order constraints on subsurface structure were made at each ES using the geophysical methods. Sites ranged from infiltrating 100% of applied rainfall to infiltrating less than 60%. Analysis of covariance results indicated significant differences in the rate of wetting front progression, ranging from 0.346 m min−1/2 for sites with a subsurface dominated by saprolitic material to 0.156 m min−1/2 for sites with a well‐developed soil profile. There was broad agreement in subsurface structure between the geophysical methods with GPR typically providing the most detail. Joint interpretation of the geophysics showed that subsurface features such as soil layer thickness and the location of subsurface obstructions such as granite corestones and material boundaries had a large effect on the rate of infiltration and subsurface flow processes. These features identified through the geophysics varied significantly by ES. By linking surface hydrologic information from the rainfall simulations with subsurface information provided by the geophysics, we can characterize the ES‐specific hydrologic response. Both surface and subsurface flow processes differed among sites and are directly linked to measured characteristics.
The Chinampa: An Ancient Mexican Sub‐Irrigation System
Authors: Robles Braulio , Flores Jorge , Martínez Jose Luis , Herrera Patricia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Chinampa is an agro‐hydrological system practised for many generations, built over shallow lacustrine wetland areas near Mexico City. It was developed by the Aztecs, a pre‐Hispanic culture who settled around the lake in the old Tenochtitlan, ancient capital of the Mexican empire. The Chinampa design takes advantage of local environmental and soil conditions. Nowadays, some are still used by local producers and it is one of the few pre‐Hispanic irrigation structures that have been preserved and that operate as originally designed, with increasing value, because of its sustainability. The Chinampa consists of several layers of vegetation and sludge to produce an organic soil 50 cm above the water level for agricultural use in wetlands. These rectangular plots, surrounded by water, are 5–10 m wide by 50–100 m long. When a significant number of Chinampas are built, they make a network of canals among Chinampas, and broader canals provide navigation routes. The Chinampa is secured on the edges by trees whose roots hold the soil. These agricultural structures have provided many benefits for the inhabitants in the water system of the area, not only productive, but also economic, environmental, cultural and social. In December 1984, the Chinampa system in the Valley of Mexico was declared to be Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO; in 1992, the Mexican government declared the zone a ‘Natural Protected Area’; and in 2004, the wetlands that support the Chinampa were also declared a RAMSAR site. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural forms of vitamin E and metabolites—regulation of cancer cell death and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Qing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe disappointing results from large clinical studies of α‐tocopherol (αT), the major form of vitamin E in tissues, for prevention of chronic diseases including cancer have cast doubt on not only αT but also other forms of vitamin E regarding their role in preventing carcinogenesis. However, basic research has shown that specific forms of vitamin E such as γ‐tocopherol (γT), δ‐tocopherol (δT), γ‐tocotrienol (γTE) and δ‐tocotrienol (δTE) can inhibit the growth and induce death of many types of cancer cells, and are capable of suppressing cancer development in preclinical cancer models. For these activities, these vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT. Further, recent research revealed novel anti‐inflammatory and anticancer effects of vitamin E metabolites including 13′‐carboxychromanols. This review focuses on anti‐proliferation and induction of death in cancer cells by vitamin E forms and metabolites, and discuss mechanisms underlying these anticancer activities. The existing in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that γT, δT, tocotrienols and 13′‐carboxychromanols have anti‐cancer activities via modulating key signaling or mediators that regulate cell death and tumor progression, such as eicosanoids, NF‐κB, STAT3, PI3K, and sphingolipid metabolism. These results provide useful scientific rationales and mechanistic understanding for further translation of basic discoveries to the clinic with respect to potential use of these vitamin E forms and metabolites for cancer prevention and therapy. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):495–506, 2019
Tilorone activates NK cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes that kill HLA‐negative tumor cells
Authors: Sharapova Tatiana N. , Romanova Elena A. , Sashchenko Lidia P. , Yashin Denis V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTilorone hydrochloride, a low‐molecular‐weight synthetic compound, induces interferon production and has been reported to have both antiviral and antitumor activities. Here, we have demonstrated the ability of tilorone to activate NK cells and specific subpopulations of cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes that recognize immune‐evasive tumor cells and kill them via the FasL–Fas interaction. We have also performed a comparative analysis of characteristics between lymphocytes activated in the fraction of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon treatment with different stimulants of the immune response: tilorone, innate immunity protein Tag7, and cytokine IL‐2, a regulator of adaptive immunity. The results show that all the three stimulants, regardless of their nature, activate lymphocytes that are identical with respect to the spectrum of target cells, phenotype, and mechanism of cytotoxic action However, these stimulants induce different mechanisms of lymphocyte activation at early stages of the immune response. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):376–384, 2019
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses of Golimumab in Children With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Xu Yan , Adedokun Omoniyi J. , Chan Daphne , Hu Chuanpu , Xu Zhenhua , Strauss Richard S. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Turner Dan , Zhou Honghui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure‐response (E‐R) analyses were conducted to compare the PK and E‐R relationships of golimumab between children and adults with ulcerative colitis. PK data following subcutaneous golimumab administration to children with ulcerative colitis (6‐17 years) in the PURSUIT‐PEDS‐PK study, adults with ulcerative colitis in the PURSUIT study, and children with pediatric polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2‐17 years) in the GO‐KIDS study, were included in the population PK analysis. E‐R analysis was conducted using logistic regression to link serum golimumab concentration and Mayo score–based efficacy outcomes in pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis. Golimumab PK was adequately described by a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination. Golimumab apparent clearance and volume of distribution increased with body weight. Golimumab apparent clearance was higher in patients with lower serum albumin, no methotrexate use, and positive antibodies to golimumab; age was not an influential factor after accounting for body weight. Model‐estimated terminal half‐life (9.2 days in children; 9.5 days in adults) and other PK parameters suggest that golimumab PK properties are generally comparable between children and adults with ulcerative colitis. Simulations suggest that a higher induction dose than that tested in PURSUIT‐PEDS‐PK may be needed for children ≤45 kg to achieve exposures comparable to adults. Comparable E‐R relationships between children and adults with ulcerative colitis were observed, although children appeared to be more responsive for the more stringent remission end point. The overall comparable PK and E‐R relationships between children and adults support the extrapolation of golimumab efficacy from the adult to the pediatric ulcerative colitis population.
Magnetic sugarcane bagasse composite for atrazine and fluoride removal
Authors: Helen Toledo J , Alien Blanco‐Flores , Gustavo Lopez‐Téllez , Alfredo R Vilchis‐Nestor , Arteaga‐Larios Nubia , Rodríguez‐Torres Israel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present investigation focuses on the synthesis and application of a magnetic adsorbent material formed by the agro‐industrial waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Its application in the removal of fluoride and atrazine demonstrates its properties as a potential adsorbent material for the treatment of contaminated wastewater.RESULTSThe synthesis method proved to be simple and reproducible. The presence and distribution of magnetite and fluoride on the surface of the material were studied by characterization techniques (SEM, EDX, FTIR‐ATR). Several specific functional groups were identified which may interact with atrazine and fluoride molecules in the adsorption process. Kinetic results indicated that second‐ and pseudo‐second‐order model fitted better for the fluoride and atrazine adsorption processes, respectively. The adsorption processes took place by chemisorption onto heterogeneous surfaces. Isotherm data fitted better to the Langmuir–Freundlich model in both systems; therefore, the process took place by a combination of mechanisms. Cellulose and lignin from sugarcane bagasse contribute in the adsorption process, while magnetite not only improve performance of composite for the removal of the chemical species tested, but also achieve a simple separation process via magnetic interactions' with a common magnet. The adsorption capacities of the composites were 0.5036 mg g−1 for fluoride and 40.11 mg g−1 for atrazine.CONCLUSIONThe synthesis of the magnetic composite is simple and generates a material that is easy to manipulate and isolate after the process. The affinity of the composite with atrazine is greater than with fluoride; however, the composite can be used in systems with low concentration. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A versatile synthetic route to the preparation of 15N heterocycles
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Kidd Bryce E. , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Shchepin Roman V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: December 2018

A robust medium‐scale (approximately 3 g) synthetic method for 15N labeling of pyridine (15N‐Py) is reported based on the Zincke reaction. 15N enrichment in excess of 81% was achieved with approximately 33% yield. 15N‐Py serves as a standard substrate in a wide range of studies employing a hyperpolarization technique for efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen to heteronuclei; this technique, called SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange), employs a simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and a to‐be‐hyperpolarized substrate (e.g., pyridine) on metal centers. In studies aimed at the development of hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo molecular imaging, pyridine is often employed either as a model substrate (for hyperpolarization technique development, quality assurance, and phantom imaging studies) or as a co‐substrate to facilitate more efficient hyperpolarization of a wide range of emerging contrast agents (e.g., nicotinamide). Here, the produced 15N‐Py was used for the feasibility study of spontaneous 15N hyperpolarization at high magnetic (HF) fields (7 T and 9.4 T) of an NMR spectrometer and an MRI scanner. SABRE hyperpolarization enabled acquisition of 2D MRI imaging of catalyst‐bound 15N‐pyridine with 75 × 75 mm2 field of view (FOV), 32 × 32 matrix size, demonstrating the feasibility of 15N HF‐SABRE molecular imaging with 2.4 × 2.4 mm2 spatial resolution.
Volume change in infrapatellar fat pad is associated not with obesity but with cartilage degeneration
Authors: Masaki Tadashi , Takahashi Kenji , Hashimoto Sanshiro , Ikuta Futoshi , Watanabe Atsuya , Kiuchi Shinji , Okuaki Tomoyuki , Mochizuki Yusuke , Takai Shinro 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTInfrapatellar fat pad has been implicated in knee osteoarthritis. We examined whether infrapatellar fat pad volume is associated with quantitative cartilage changes using magnetic resonance imaging T1ρ mapping. Fifty‐eight knees of knee pain patients (19 men, 39 women, mean age 57.0 [range 29–85] years) who were conservatively managed and had >1 T1ρ mapping images taken over time were evaluated. We used three slices from the medial femoral and tibial cartilage; areas showing T1ρ values <130 ms and >50 ms were designated as having cartilage degeneration. Cases were categorized into three groups: Improvement, No Change, and Deterioration. Fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted sagittal magnetic resonance images were used for measuring infrapatellar fat pad volume. Percent change in infrapatellar fat pad volume was −5.01 ± 5.66%, −2.06 ± 4.92%, and 0.05 ± 6.09% in the Improvement (n = 22), No Change (n = 22), and Deterioration (n = 14) groups, respectively, demonstrating significantly reduced infrapatellar fat pad volume in the Improvement group (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the percent change in infrapatellar fat pad volume significantly affected T1ρ change category independent of age, sex, follow‐up period, baseline infrapatellar fat pad volume, and Kellgren‐Lawrence grade. Infrapatellar fat pad volume and obesity or body weight change showed no correlation. Infrapatellar fat pad volume was reduced in patients with improved quantitative cartilage assessment on magnetic resonance imaging T1ρ mapping. This is the first study demonstrating associations between quantitative cartilage changes and infrapatellar fat pad morphological changes, suggesting a detrimental role of infrapatellar fat pad volume in articular cartilage degeneration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Afacan Beral , Öztürk Veli Özgen , Paşalı Çiğdem , Bozkurt Emir , Köse Timur , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) is expressed as an adaptive response to hypoxia, mediates angiogenesis through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be induced by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). This study aimed to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease.MethodsA total of 87 individuals, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 26 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontally healthy individuals, were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; GCF and salivary samples were collected; and HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analyses.ResultsG‐AgP and CP groups had significantly higher GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α total amounts than gingivitis and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF‐1α and TNF‐α total amounts in gingivitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group (P < 0.05). GCF and salivary concentrations of biomarkers were similar in both periodontitis groups (P > 0.05). Salivary HIF‐1α concentrations in gingivitis group were significantly higher than G‐AgP and healthy groups (P < 0.05). GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α total amounts were positively correlated with the site‐specific clinical periodontal parameters and with each other (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHIF‐1α is detectable in GCF and saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy individuals, and the GCF levels of the biomarker can be affected by disease status. Increased GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in both chronic and aggressive form of periodontitis might suggest the role of TNF‐α/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
The Nomological Network of a Behavioral Distress Tolerance Task in Veterans
Authors: Brown Ruth C. , Overstreet Cassie , Sheerin Christina , Berenz Erin , Hawn Sage , Pickett Treven , McDonald Scott , Danielson Carla Kmett , Amstadter Ananda B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a relative lack of research on distress tolerance (DT) in veteran samples. The aims of the study were to (a) evaluate convergent and discriminant validity of a behavioral measure of DT compared to theoretically similar (i.e., self‐report DT, negative urgency) and dissimilar (i.e., risk‐taking) constructs and (b) evaluate the concurrent validity of DT in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms in a veteran sample. A sample of U.S. veterans who served after the September 11, 2001 terror attacks (N = 306, 89.9% male; M age 30.2 years, SD = 4.5, range: 21–40 years) completed self‐report and behavioral measures of DT, risk‐taking, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms, and completed a clinical interview for PTSD. Results of a multitrait–multimethod matrix found significant yet minimal shared variance, r2 = .01–.03, ps = .002–.055, between the self‐report and behavioral measures of DT. We used a series of multiple regressions to examine the relative contribution of the behavioral and self‐report DT measures in the prediction of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Self‐reported, but not behavioral, DT accounted for unique variance in PTSD, r2 = .12, p < .001, and depressive symptoms, r2 = .23, p < .001. Participants with PTSD or higher scores on measures of depression were more likely to report greater increases in frustration and irritability after completing the behavioral task. Results indicate that DT is not a unidimensional construct and must be considered in the context of specific emotions (e.g., tolerance of irritability vs. fear) and contexts (e.g., behavioral, affective).
Supraglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population‐Based Study of 22,675 Cases
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Echanique Kristen A. , Yip Candice , Hsueh Wayne D. , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to analyze epidemiological features of patients presenting with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) and to evaluate treatment trends and outcomes.MethodsThe SEER database was queried for patients with supraglottic SCCa from 1973 to 2013. Information on demographics; tumor size; histologic grade; American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage; SEER local, regional, distant stage; and treatment modality were analyzed.ResultsThere were 22,675 cases of primary supraglottic SCCa identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 62.3 years, with males accounting for 70.3% of all cases. A high percentage of patients presented with stage IV disease (44.9%). The most common treatment modality was radiotherapy (46.6%), followed by combination of surgery and radiotherapy (29.2%) and surgery alone (15.0%). Overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) for all cases was 54.0%. When stratified by treatment modality, 5‐year DSS was best for patients receiving surgery alone (64.2%). However, for patients with AJCC stage IV disease, survival was significantly better with combined surgery and radiotherapy (52.5%).ConclusionIn general, supraglottic SCCa is treated most commonly with radiotherapy, followed by surgery and radiotherapy. Patients managed surgically had better 5‐year DSS when compared to patients treated by other modalities. However, when stratified by stage, patients with AJCC stage IV disease had significantly better survival with combined surgery and radiotherapy. Of patients receiving surgery, supraglottic laryngectomy was found to have a significantly better 5‐year DSS when compared to both total laryngectomy and laryngectomy, not otherwise specified.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1822–1827, 2019
Improving the corrosion and wear resistance of grey cast iron components by surface welding with duplex stainless steel using regulated gas metal arc welding: Influence of dilution on corrosion properties
Authors: Reisgen U. , Sharma R. , Wieland S. , Gonzalez E. , Oechsner M. , Andersohn G. , Ellermeier J. , Siebers M. , Heider B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurface welding of duplex stainless steel on lamellar grey cast iron was performed to produce thick (several millimetres) protective surface layers with a regulated gas metal arc welding process. As dominant parameters, the influence of the composition of the shielding gas (argon‐helium mixture) as well as preheating temperature on the corrosion resistance were investigated. Both the addition of helium to shielding gas and preheating of the base material increase the heat input and reduce the cooling rates and result in higher dilution. This leads to reduced hardness in the heat affected zone and prevents cracking. However, the formation and portion of carbides in the surface layers increase. The influence of these parameters on the microstructure in the surface layers as well as in the heat affected zone and the influence on the corrosion behaviour in artificial seawater were investigated with immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The corrosion properties of the parent lamellar grey cast iron were greatly enhanced by the surface layers, but inferior to duplex stainless steel. With additional metallographic investigations the corrosion mechanisms were investigated. The corrosion mechanisms are extensively influenced by the phase distribution in the surface layers and by the formation of carbides.