bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Studies of Math Education for STEM in Russia
Authors: Pohjolainen Seppo , Myllykoski Tuomas , Mercat Christian , Sosnovsky Sergey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter describes case studies of math education for STEM in Russian universities: Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University (LETI), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Ogarev Mordovia State University and Tver State University. It includes comparative analysis of math curricula for STEM of above-mentioned universities and several European universities which participate in the project.
Case Studies of Math Education for STEM in Georgia
Authors: Pohjolainen Seppo , Myllykoski Tuomas , Mercat Christian , Sosnovsky Sergey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe history of Akaki Tsereteli State University (ATSU) started eight decades ago and now it is distinguished with its traditions throughout Georgia and holds an honorable place in the business of cultural, intellectual and moral education of the Georgian nation. According to the Georgian government’s resolution #39, February 23, 2006 the legal entities of public law Kutaisi Akaki Tsereteli State University and Kutaisi N. Muskhelishvili State Technical University were combined, the educational status being determined to be the university and the new entity was named Akaki Tsereteli State University. ATSU was merged with Sukhumi Subtropical Teaching University in 2010.
A Comparison of Two Preoperative Frailty Models in Predicting Postoperative Outcomes in Geriatric General Surgical Patients
Authors: Andreou Alexandros , Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Venianaki Maria , Xenaki Sofia , Chlouverakis Grigorios , Petrakis Ioannis , Chalkiadakis Georgios 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFrailty in a surgical geriatric population may identify patients at increased risk of complications. However, the optimal method to diagnose it remains to be identified. This study aims to compare two common frailty models and assess their association with postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing general surgical procedures.MethodsProspective study including 298 patients age 65 years or older undergoing elective general surgical operations in a tertiary hospital. Frailty phenotype (FP) was classified using a validated scale which included weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowed walking speed and low physical activity. A preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was performed including managing daily activities (ADL), instrumental ADL, cognitive status, comorbidities, polypharmacy and nutritional status. Main outcomes measures were postoperative complications and length of stay.ResultsThere were 135 (46%), 114 (38%) and 46 (15%) minor/intermediate, major and major + procedures, respectively. The agreement between the FP and CGA was moderate (kappa index: 0.45). FP was significantly associated with postoperative complications with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.3, (95% confidence interval 1.4–3.8, p < 0.01). The association of CGA with postoperative complications did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in both CGA frailty (p < 0.001) and FP (p = 0.001) groups compared to the fit population. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for ASA and POSSUM category, FP retained its significance as a predictor of postoperative complications (OR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.03–3.3, p = 0.038).ConclusionsFP was associated more consistently than CGA with adverse postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing general surgical procedures.
The role of eclogites in the redistribution of water in the subcontinental mantle of the Siberian craton: results of determination of the water content in minerals from the Udachnaya pipe eclogites
Authors: Kolesnichenko M.V. , Zedgenizov D.A. , Ragozin A.L. , Litasov K.D. , Shatsky V.S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A comprehensive study of 26 mafic mantle xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe was carried out. The contents of major and trace elements, equilibrium temperature parameters, and water content in the rock-forming minerals were determined. The temperatures of formation of the studied rocks are estimated at 800–1300 °C. According to IR spectroscopy data, the water content in clinopyroxenes from the studied eclogites varies from values below the detection limit to 99 ppm. The IR spectra of garnets lack bands of water. The water content in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from garnet websterite is 72 and 8 ppm, respectively. The water content in the average rock, calculated from the ratio of the rock-forming minerals, varies from a few to 55 ppm. No relationship among the water content, equilibrium temperatures, and rock composition is established. The low water contents in the eclogites are close to the earlier determined water contents in peridotites from the same pipe and are, most likely, due to the re-equilibration of the eclogites with the rocks of the peridotitic lithospheric mantle. The dehydration of the protolith during its subduction and the partial melting of eclogites before their removal by kimberlitic magma to the surface might be an additional cause of the low water contents in the mantle eclogite xenoliths.
Assessing website password practices – over a decade of progress?
Authors: Furnell Steven 
Published: July 2018

World Password Day 2018 saw Microsoft suggesting that it would deliver a “world without passwords” and BlackBerry proposing that they would be replaced by adaptive authentication (based on the buzzwords du jour of artificial intelligence and machine learning). 1, 2 Yet at the same time we had the irony of Twitter asking 330 million subscribers to change their passwords, having discovered a bug in the firm's internal systems that resulted in them being stored in unencrypted form. 3 Every now and again we get a flurry of headlines proclaiming the passing of passwords, yet they are still with us and still being broken and breached. Steven Furnell of the University of Plymouth, UK and Edith Cowan University, Australia presents the results of an assessment of password guidance and policy enforcement on a series of leading websites and compares them with three earlier studies. A consistent finding in all prior cases was that sites were doing less than might be expected. So, 11 years on from the original study, what's changed and have things got better?
Trait Mindfulness and Wellness in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mioduszewski Ola , MacLean Heather , Poulin Patricia A. , Smith Andra M. , Walker Lisa A. S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune, neurodegenerative disorder that can interfere with physical and psychological functioning, negatively affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Fostering mindfulness may mitigate the negative consequences of MS on HRQoL. The relationship between mindfulness, mood and MS-related quality of life was investigated. In total, 52 individuals with MS completed questionnaires to examine the relationship between trait mindfulness and wellness. Higher levels of trait mindfulness were associated with better HRQoL, lower depression and anxiety, lower fatigue impact and fewer perceived cognitive deficits. Mindfulness interventions have the potential to enhance wellness in those living with MS.
Mediator effects of parameters of inflammation and neurogenesis from a N-acetyl cysteine clinical-trial for bipolar depression
Authors: Panizzutti Bruna , Bortolasci Chiara , Hasebe Kyoko , Kidnapillai Srisaiyini , Gray Laura , Walder Ken , Berk Michael , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Dodd Seetal , Gama Clarissa , Magalhães Pedro V. , Cotton Susan M. , Kapczinski Flávio , Bush Ashley I. , Malhi Gin S. , Dean Olivia M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore effects of adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on markers of inflammation and neurogenesis in bipolar depression.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Serum samples were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 32 of the open-label and maintenance phases of the clinical trial to determine changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following adjunctive NAC treatment, and to explore mediation and moderator effects of the listed markers.ResultsLevels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL) -6, 8, or 10 were not significantly changed during the course of the trial or specifically in the open-label and maintenance phases. There were no mediation or moderation effects of the biological factors on the clinical parameters.ConclusionThe results suggest that these particular biological parameters may not be directly involved in the therapeutic mechanism of action of adjunctive NAC in bipolar depression.
Global outburst of methanol maser in G24.33+0.14
Authors: Wolak P. , Szymczak M. , Olech M. , Bartkiewicz A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA strong outburst of 6.7 GHz methanol maser occurred in the high-mass young stellar object (HMYSO) G24.33+0.14 between November 2010 and January 2013. The target was observed with the Torun 32 m radio telescope as a part of a long-term monitoring programme. Almost all twelve spectral features from 108 to 120 km s−1 varied synchronously with time delays between the flux minima of about two weeks. This may indicate that the variability is driven by global changes in the pump rate. The flare peaks of the two features with the highest relative amplitude of 40-60 are delayed by about 2.5 months while their profiles undergo essential transformation with a velocity drift of 0.23 km s−1yr−1. This may suggest that the variability is caused by a rapid increase of the pump rate and excitation of a large portion of the HMYSO environment by an accretion event.
Searching for warped disk AGN candidates
Authors: Fedorova E. , Hnatyk B. I. , Zhdanov V. I. , Vasylenko A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMapping the maser emission of subnuclear regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) enable us to determine some interesting details of the geometry of the accretion disks (AD) under the condition that they have “maser skin”. Additional information about disk warp in the innermost zone near the central black hole (BH) can be disclosed by means of modeling the shape of the relativistically broadened iron emission lines in the energy range 6-7 keV. Here we analyze the influence of the AD geometry (warp) on the shape of the set of relativistically broadened emission lines, as well as consider some examples of AGNs identified by maser mapping techinque as warped and having the complex shape of iron lines near 6.4 keV.
New water maser source near HW3d in the massive star-forming region Cepheus A
Authors: Kim Jeong-Sook , Kim Soon-Wook 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCepheus A is the second nearest high mass star-forming region after Orion. It is characterized by the presence of several phenomena, such as a complex molecular outflow, and multiple radio continuum sources, known as HW sources. The radio continuum and water maser emission have been detected toward HW2, HW3b and HW3d regions, and all of them are considered harboring young stellar objects. In 2014, we performed KaVA observations and detected a new bright maser feature, ~700 mas apart from HW3d, which has not been detected with previous VLBI observations. The relative proper motion of the new maser feature is faster than other regions. It can be a clue for a newly forming star. Alternatively, it may be caused by outflow shock from the star-forming regions such as HW3d or HW3c.
A Measurement of the Hubble Constant by the Megamaser Cosmology Project
Authors: Braatz James , Condon James , Henkel Christian , Greene Jenny , Lo Fred , Reid Mark , Pesce Dominic , Gao Feng , Impellizzeri Violette , Kuo Cheng-Yu , Zhao Wei , Constantin Anca , Hao Lei , Litzinger Eugenia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP) measures the Hubble Constant by determining geometric distances to circumnuclear 22 GHz H2O megamasers in galaxies at low redshift (z < 0.05) but well into the Hubble flow. In combination with the recent, exquisite observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background by WMAP and Planck, these measurements provide a direct test of the standard cosmological model and constrain the equation of state of dark energy. The MCP is a multi-year project that has recently completed observations and is currently working on final analysis. Based on distance measurements to the first four published megamasers in the sample, the MCP currently determines H0 = 69.3 ± 4.2 km s−1 Mpc−1. The project is finalizing analysis for five additional galaxies. When complete, we expect to achieve a ~4% measurement. Given the tension between the Planck prediction of H0 in the context of the standard cosmological model and astrophysical measurements based on standard candles, the MCP provides a critical and independent geometric measurement that does not rely on external calibrations or a distance ladder.
Brightness temperatures of galactic masers observed in the RadioAstron project
Authors: Shakhvorostova Nadezhda N. , Alakoz Alexey V. , Sobolev Andrej M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present estimates of brightness temperature for 5 galactic masers in star-forming regions detected at space baselines. Very compact features with angular sizes of ~23-60 μas were detected in these regions with corresponding linear sizes of ~4-10×106 km. Brightness temperatures range from 1014 up to 1016 K.
Submillimeter H2O maser emission from water fountain nebulae
Authors: Tafoya Daniel , Vlemmings Wouter H. T. , Pérez-Sánchez Andres F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present the results of the first detection of submillimeter water maser emission toward water-fountain nebulae. Using APEX we found emission at 321.226 GHz toward two sources: IRAS 18043−2116, and IRAS 18286−0959. The submillimeter H2O masers exhibit expansion velocities larger than those of the OH masers, suggesting that these masers, similarly to the 22 GHz masers, originate in fast bipolar outflows. The 321 GHz masers in IRAS 18043−2116 and IRAS 18286−0959, which figure among the sources with the fastest H2O masers, span a velocity range similar to that of the 22 GHz masers, indicating that they probably coexist. The intensity of the submillimeter masers is comparable to the 22 GHz masers, implying that the kinetic temperature of the region where the masers originate is Tk>1000 K. We propose a simple model invoking the passage of two shocks through the same gas that creates the conditions for explaining the strong high-velocity 321 GHz masers coexisting with the 22 GHz masers in the same region.
Water masers in bowshocks: Addressing the radiation pressure problem of massive star formation
Authors: Burns Ross A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEjection activities in S255IR-SMA1 and AFGL 5142 were investigated by multi-epoch VLBI observations of 22 GHz water masers, tracing bowshocks leading collimated jets. The history of ejections, revealed by the 3D maser motions and supplemented by the literature, suggests that these massive stars formed by episodic accretion, inferred via the accretion-ejection connection. This contribution centers on the role of episodic accretion in overcoming the radiation pressure problem of massive star formation - with maser VLBI and single-dish observations providing essential observational tools.
Long-term and highly frequent monitor of 6.7 GHz methanol masers to statistically research periodic flux variations around high-mass protostars using the Hitachi 32-m
Authors: Sugiyama Koichiro , Yonekura Y. , Motogi K. , Saito Y. , Yamaguchi T. , Momose M. , Honma M. , Hirota T. , Uchiyama M. , Matsumoto N. , Hachisuka K. , Inayoshi K. , Tanaka K. E. I. , Hosokawa T. , Fujisawa K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe initiated a long-term and highly frequent monitoring project toward 442 methanol masers at 6.7 GHz (Dec >−30 deg) using the Hitachi 32-m radio telescope in December 2012. The observations have been carried out daily, monitoring a spectrum of each source with intervals of 9–10 days. In September 2015, the number of the target sources and intervals were redesigned into 143 and 4–5 days, respectively. This monitoring provides us complete information on how many sources show periodic flux variations in high-mass star-forming regions, which have been detected in 20 sources with periods of 29.5–668 days so far (e.g., Goedhart et al. 2004). We have already obtained new detections of periodic flux variations in 31 methanol sources with periods of 22–409 days. These periodic flux variations must be a unique tool to investigate high-mass protostars themselves and their circumstellar structure on a very tiny spatial scale of 0.1–1 au.
Maser Polarization
Authors: Surcis Gabriele , Vlemmings Wouter H. T. , Lankhaar Boy , van Langevelde Huib Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThrough the observations and the analysis of maser polarization it is possible to measure the magnetic field in several astrophysical environments (e.g., star-forming regions, evolved stars). In particular from the linearly and circularly polarized emissions we can determine the orientation and the strength of the magnetic field, respectively. In these proceedings the implications, on observed data, of the new estimation of the Landé g-factors for the CH3OH maser are presented. Furthermore, some example of the most recent results achieved in observing the polarized maser emission from several maser species will also be reported.
Analysis of bipolar outflow parameters, magnetic fields and maser activity relationship in EGO sources
Authors: Bayandina O. S. , Val’tts I. E. , Colom P. , Kurtz S. E. , Rudnitskij G. M. , Shakhvorostova N. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe interferometric and single-dish observations of the Extended Green Objects sample have been carried out in order to check the possible common pumping mechanism of class I methanol maser (cIMM) and OH(1720 MHz) maser and their identification with a front of bipolar outflow as a source of interstellar shock stimulating collisional pumping of the molecules. High spatial and spectral resolution observations of OH masers allow us to investigate structure, kinematics, and magnetic field configuration of the inner region of the source, i.e., the outflow ejection region. Analysis of magnetic field strength in a disk area is crucial to understanding of the outflow origin.
Quantum-Chemical calculations revealing the effects of magnetic fields on methanol masers
Authors: Lankhaar Boy , Vlemmings Wouter , Surcis Gabriele , van Langevelde Huib Jan , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , van der Avoird Ad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMaser observations of both linearly and circularly polarized emission have provided unique information on the magnetic field in the densest parts of star forming regions, where non-maser magnetic field tracers are scarce. While linear polarization observations provide morphological constraints, magnetic field strengths are determined by measuring the Zeeman splitting in circularly polarized emission. Methanol is of special interest as it is one of the most abundant maser species and its different transitions probe unique areas around the protostar. However, its precise Zeeman-parameters are unknown. Experimental efforts to determine these Zeeman-parameters have failed. Here we present quantum-chemical calculations of the Zeeman-parameters of methanol, along with calculations of the hyperfine structure that are necessary to interpret the Zeeman effect in methanol. We use this model in re-analyzing methanol maser polarization observations. We discuss different mechanisms for hyperfine-state preference in the pumping of torsion-rotation transitions involved in the maser-action.
The role of meta-analyses and umbrella reviews in assessing the harms of psychotropic medications: beyond qualitative synthesis
Authors: Solmi M. , Correll C. U. , Carvalho A. F. , Ioannidis J. P. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstractὠφελέειν, ἢ μὴ βλάπτειν (Primum non nocere) – Hιppocrates’ principle should still guide daily medical prescribing. Therefore, assessing evidence of psychopharmacologic agents’ safety and harms is essential. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies may provide complementary information about harms of psychopharmacologic medications from both experimental and real-world settings. It is considered that RCTs provide a better control of confounding variables, while observational studies provide evidence from larger samples, longer follow-ups, in more representative samples, which may be more reflective of real-life clinical scenarios. However, this may not always hold true. Moreover, in observational studies, safety data are poorly or inconsistently reported, precluding reliable quantitative synthesis in meta-analyses. Beyond individual studies, meta-analyses, which represent the highest level of ‘evidence’, can be misleading, redundant and of low methodological quality. Overlapping meta-analyses sometimes even reach different conclusions on the same topic. Meta-analyses should be assessed systematically. Descriptive reviews of reviews can be poorly informative. Conversely, ‘umbrella reviews’ can use a quantitative approach to grade evidence. In this editorial, we present the main factors involved in the assessment of psychopharmacologic agents’ harms from individual studies, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews. Study design features, sample size, number of the events of interest, summary effect sizes, p-values, heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, confounding factor adjustment and tests of bias (e.g., small-study effects and excess significance) can be combined with other assessment tools, such as AMSTAR and GRADE to create a framework for assessing the credibility of evidence.
Evolution of the Magma Conduit Beneath the Galeras Volcano Inferred From Repeated Seismic Tomography
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Vargas Carlos A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Colombian volcano Galeras is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and it has an andesitic composition and high explosive potential. We consider the period of 1989–2015, in which the volcano manifested frequent eruptions and high seismic activity. To study the temporal variations in the seismic structure beneath Galeras, we implemented an algorithm of repeated tomography using selected data sets with similar geometries. We obtained the variations in the seismic velocity structures beneath Galeras during the three time episodes of 1989–2000, 2001–2007, and 2008–2015. In the second episode, we observe a columnar anomaly with a high Vp/Vs ratio that possibly represents a conduit transporting a new portion of magma material from below. This result may indicate that in this period, which culminated with dome emplacement and collapse, the volcano was directly fed from deeper magma sources. In other episodes, the conduit is less visible in the tomography models, and we propose that the volcanic activity was merely controlled by shallow magma reservoirs at 2–4 km below the surface.