bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical and Phase Analysis of Si(IV) on Fe Electrode in Molten NaCl-NaF-KCl-SiO2 System
Authors: Li Hui , Liang Jinglong , Xie Shanshan , Reddy Ramana G. , Wang Lanqing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of Si(IV) ions on Fe electrode in the NaCl-NaF-KCl-SiO2 molten salt system (0.177 mol·L−1 SiO2) at 1,103 K was studied by using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry．Experiments conducted using the first two methods indicated that the reduction of Si(IV) occurred in two steps: Si(IV) → Si(II) → Si(0). Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction is a quasi-reversible process, which is controlled by both the ion diffusion and electron transport rates. The electrochemical crystallization of Si was found to be a transient, the three-dimensional nucleation process. The cyclic voltammetry curves indicate that the diffusion coefficient of Si(IV) is 1.16×10–5 cm2·s−1. The phases formed on the surface of the deposit were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that Fe and Si have formed intermetallic compounds Fe3Si, FeSi, and Fe5Si3.
Cord blood nucleated red blood cell level: is it a predictive marker for neonatal jaundice?
Authors: Orhon Alper , Topal Hatice , Hakan Nilay , Ozer Esra Arun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate if the cord blood nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) levels can predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy neonates.MethodsAll healthy newborn infants born after 35 or more weeks of gestation at our hospital between January 2016 and April 2017 were included. The levels of nRBC were counted in umbilical cord blood samples. Neonates were grouped into two study groups based on the presence or absence of neonatal jaundice.ResultsThe study included overall 149 eligible newborn infants. The levels of nRBC and absolute nRBC count showed statistically significant differences between newborns with or without jaundice (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsWe suggest that increased nRBC counts in cord blood may be a predictive marker for hyperbilirubinemia in healthy newborn infants.
Commemorative coins issued in 2016
Authors: Vicherová Šárka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Czech National Bank issued six commemorative coins in 2016. They are represented by three silver 200-crown pieces celebrating the following anniversaries: the 125th anniversary of the General Land Centennial Exhibition, the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Hradec Králové and the 450th birth anniversary of Jan Jessenius. Another issue is represented by one silver 500-crown piece celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak National Council. The first two gold commemorative 5000-crown pieces from the new cycle called ‘Castles’ were produced: the ‘Kost’ Castle and the ‘Bezděz’ Castle. The Castles gold coin cycle is the fourth five-year cycle of gold coins the CNB has issued since 2001. The first, “Ten Centuries of Architecture”, comprising ten 2000-crown coins, was issued between 2001 and 2005. It was followed by the “Industrial Heritage Sites” cycle in 2006–2010 (ten 2500-crown coins). In 2011–2015 ten 5000-crown coins were issued in the Bridges cycle.
Factors Influencing Mitigation Strategies for Autogenous Shrinkage
Authors: Mohr B. J. , Hood K. L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This research aims to answer several outstanding questions that must be addressed before internal curing materials can be commonly used in structural concrete. The wide range of possibilities for internal curing material properties can dramatically alter the effectiveness of internal curing. The research presented here investigates some of the more important material properties, such as desorption rate, absorption capacity, and distribution/protected paste volume, and the synergistic relationship between properties as related to reductions in autogenous deformation and the effects on mortar compressive strength. The estimated degree of hydration is an effective method to evaluate the efficiency of an internal curing material. However, effects on mechanical properties are not considered. Thus, in addition to the degree of hydration measurements, the relative changes of compressive strength that are due to internal curing material incorporation should always be investigated. The desorption rate of an internal curing material should match the self-desiccation profile of a high-performance cementitious mix as much as possible. Perlite lightweight fine aggregates had a prolonged desorption rate (up to 14 days), such that the aggregate’s effectiveness at mitigating autogenous shrinkage was minimized. In this case, the quantities of internal curing materials added to a particular mixture should be adjusted to account only for the water desorbed within the self-desiccation period (approximately 5–7 days). Expanded shale lightweight fine aggregates appeared to be the most effective internal curing material investigated in this research based on improvements to the degree of hydration and negligible effects on compressive strength.
Absorption and Desorption of Superabsorbent Polymers for Use in Internally Cured Concrete
Authors: Montanari Luca , Suraneni Prannoy , Chang Marisol Tsui , Villani Chiara , Weiss Jason 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) have been investigated as an additive for use in the manufacture of internally cured concrete. The ability of SAP to absorb and desorb fluid is important for the design of internally cured concrete mixtures. Internal curing research on lightweight aggregates (LWA) has typically focused on the absorption of water in the LWA internal curing agent. However, when SAP is used, the absorption test should be performed using a pore solution with a defined ionic concentration. To address the effect of the ionic composition of the pore solution on SAP absorption, pore solutions were extracted from fresh cementitious pastes, and their composition was evaluated using X-ray fluorescence. This study characterizes the absorption and desorption of a commercially available SAP, using both simulated and extracted pore solutions with a range of ionic concentrations. The teabag method was implemented to measure the absorption of the SAP. As expected, the absorption of the SAP decreased in solutions with higher ionic concentrations. In addition to studying solutions extracted from ordinary portland cement pastes, the effects of the inclusion of supplementary cementitious materials on the SAP absorption were studied. Results showed that the inclusion of supplementary cementitious materials had a relatively minor impact on the SAP absorption, primarily due to a dilution of the ionic concentration of the pore solution. This article examined the desorption of the SAP in two conditions: a reduction in the ambient relative humidity and after exposure of the SAP to solutions with a higher ionic concentration. It was observed that SAP-containing solutions with a higher ionic concentration had a reduced rate of desorption and a reduced overall desorption at a given relative humidity. In addition, moving the SAP from a solution with a lower ionic concentration to a more highly concentrated solution resulted in desorption. An equation was developed that expresses the SAP absorption as a function of the pH of the soaking solution. The expression was used to predict the desorption of SAP due to an increase in the ionic concentrations in a hydrating system. This equation was used to show that the desorption of SAP due to changes in the pore solution ionic concentration were significant during the first 72 hours. The findings and the techniques used in this study are meant to be used as an example for the characterization of SAP in concrete internal curing applications.
Preoperative treatment with metyrapone in patients with Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenal adenoma: a pilot prospective study
Authors: Puglisi Soraya , Perotti Paola , Barbot Mattia , Cosio Paolo , Scaroni Carla , Stigliano Antonio , Lardo Pina , Morelli Valentina , Polledri Elisa , Chiodini Iacopo , Reimondo Giuseppe , Pia Anna , Terzolo Massimo 
Published: September 2018

Objective
Metyrapone has been approved for the treatment of patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS), but only few retrospective clinical studies are available. The aim of our study was the prospective assessment of metyrapone as pre-operative treatment.

Design and methods
Before adrenalectomy, seven patients with ACTH-independent CS due to adrenal adenoma were prospectively treated with metyrapone for 3 months in three tertiary academic centers, with endocrine work-up and clinical evaluation at screening and at predefined evaluation time points (Days 14, 31, 48, 65, 82).

Results
In all patients, UFC levels decreased up to normal range from baseline to Day 82 (609 (188–1476) vs 69 (28–152) nmol/24 h, P < 0.02), with a reduction of serum and salivary cortisol levels, and no significant increase of plasma ACTH and serum DHEAS levels. Clinical improvement was reported on quality of life (+16.7 (+4.2; +52.00) points, P < 0.04) and pressure control (systolic pressure, −25 (−52; −10) mmHg, P < 0.01; diastolic pressure, −16 (−50; +2 mmHg), P < 0.03). No significant change in weight, electrolytes, glycemic and lipid profile was reported. Although in women a significant increase of testosterone and androstenedione was reported, no worsening of clinical hyperandrogenism was observed. All drug-related adverse events (nausea, fatigue, low grade fever, edema of lower limbs and facial rash) were grade 1 or 2 and generally transient.

Conclusions
This prospective pilot study demonstrated that metyrapone is effective in normalizing biochemical and clinical parameters in patients with CS due to adrenal adenoma before surgical intervention, with minimal side effects.
Emergence of a latent TSHoma pituitary macroadenoma on a background of primary autoimmune hypothyroidism
Authors: Yap Yew Wen , Ball Steve , Qureshi Zubair 
Published: September 2018

Summary
The coexistence of primary hypothyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-stimulating pituitary macroadenoma can be a rare occurrence and can make diagnosis very challenging. We describe a case of a 44-year-old female with a history of fatigue, poor concentration, weight gain and amenorrhoea together with biochemical evidence of primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. Her initial TSH levels were elevated with low normal free thyroxine (T4) levels. Levothyroxine treatment was initiated and the dose was gradually titrated to supraphysiologic doses. This led to the normalisation of her TSH levels but her free T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) levels remained persistently elevated. This prompted a serum prolactin check which returned elevated at 2495 µ/L, leading onto pituitary imaging. A MRI of the pituitary gland revealed a pituitary macroadenoma measuring 2.4 × 2 × 1.6 cm. Despite starting her on cabergoline therapy with a reduction in her prolactin levels, her TSH levels began to rise even further. Additional thyroid assays revealed that she had an abnormally elevated alpha subunit at 3.95 (age-related reference range <3.00). This corresponded to a thyroid-secreting hormone pituitary macroadenoma. She went on to have a transphenoidal hypophysectomy. Histology revealed tissues staining for TSH, confirming this to be a TSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. This case highlighted the importance of further investigations with thyroid assay interferences, heterophile antibodies, alpha subunit testing and anterior pituitary profile in cases of resistant and non-resolving primary hypothyroidism.

Learning points:

Levothyroxine treatment in primary hypothyroidism can potentially unmask the presence of a latent TSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma, which can make diagnosis very challenging.

A high index of suspicion should prompt clinicians to further investigate cases of primary hypothyroidism which despite increasing doses of levothyroxine treatment with normalisation of TSH, the free T4 and T3 levels remain persistently elevated.

Clinicians should consider investigating for adherence to levothyroxine, thyroid assay interference, heterophile antibodies, TSH dilution studies, alpha subunit and anterior pituitary profile testing to further clarity the diagnosis in these patients.

Although coexistent cases of TSHoma with primary hypothyroidism are rare, it should always be in the list of differential diagnoses in cases of unresolving primary hypothyroidism.
Professional development through a formative assessment rubric in a K-5 bilingual program
Authors: Stevens Lillian Ardell , Ebsworth Miriam Eisenstein 
Published: September 2018

This case study uses an action research approach to the implementation of a systematic bilingual writing assessment that K-5 teachers administered over a two-year period in an inner-city public school with a two-way bilingual English-Spanish program. The study reflects the importance of developing an awareness of academic discourse over time, as teachers participated in a writing assessment project that included the administration of writing prompts and corresponding analysis of student writing through use of grade level rubrics, three times each year. The instrument was developed by the first author, a participant-observer who in the role of writing coordinator also led professional development workshops, and provided mentorship to teacher participants. The second researcher is an outside expert on bilingual writing who participated in the retrospective interview stage of the study. This paper will focus on insights from semi-structured interviews with teachers that reveal their current views on aspects of the writing assessment project. The questions prompted teachers to review the rubrics and associated assessment materials to garner insights about their participation in the assessment project. Thematic analysis of the interviews indicates that teachers enhanced their awareness of discourse structure and the writing process, as they incorporated the rubrics for several pedagogical purposes: more targeted whole group instruction, strategic and flexible grouping of students, and more deliberate selection of topics to support writers during individual conferences. Furthermore, teachers appreciated the ability to systematically track writing growth across the academic year, an option that had formerly been used solely for documentation of reading development in this setting. The influence of standards in providing goals for instructional outcomes is also discussed. Changes in the form of assessment are unlikely to enhance equity unless we change the ways in which assessments are used: from sorting mechanisms to diagnostic supports; from external monitors of performance to locally generated tools for inquiring deeply into teaching and learning, (Darling- Hammond, 1994: 7)
Percepción de educadores sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y bullying en un colegio de Bogotá
Authors: Barreto Z Yenny , Enríquez Guerrero Carolina , Pardo García Julián , Valero María Alejandra 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: El bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son problemáticas a las que se ven expuestos los adolescentes en los colegios. El rol de los educadores es primordial para la prevención y manejo de este tipo de situaciones, el objetivo del presente estudio es describir la percepción de los docentes frente al bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en un colegio de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, con el desarrollo de grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Participaron de manera voluntaria un total de 5 educadores y 1 orientador, previo consentimiento informado. Se tuvieron en cuenta los aspectos éticos. Resultados: De los participantes, el 66,6 % fueron mujeres y el 33,4 % hombres, edades comprendidas entre los 50-60 años para un 66,7 % y entre los 40-50 años para un 33,3 %. Se presentan los resultados en dos temas: consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y bullying. Estos, a su vez, se organizaron por las siguientes categorías: causas, problemáticas, consecuencias, acciones y propuestas, resaltando diez subcategorías que emergieron de las entrevistas y grupos de discusión realizados con los educadores sobre el bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes. Conclusión: De acuerdo a la perspectiva de los educadores es indispensable el involucramiento de los padres como parte de la comunidad educativa, así como el trabajo intersectorial e interdisciplinario para el manejo tanto del bullying como del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas con el fin de desarrollar en los adolescentes herramientas que permitan afrontar los problemas de manera adecuada y evitar así la búsqueda de otras alternativas que afecten su vida.
Desarrollo y validación de Escala Multimodal para resultados de tratamiento en trastornos por uso sustancias
Authors: Giraldo Ferrer Luis Fernando , Velásquez Tirado Juan David , López López Lucelly , Tirado Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Restrepo Medrano Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de desarrollo y validación de un instrumento creado para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Materiales y métodos: Este fue llevado a cabo en tres fases. Fase 1: revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos de ciencias de la salud sobre escalas o instrumentos para evaluación de resultados de tratamiento en trastornos por uso de sustancias. Fase 2: desarrollo de un instrumento de novo y validación por expertos mediante técnica Delphi modificada a 2 fases. Fase 3: estudio de validación clínica en el que participaron 100 usuarios de una institución pública. Resultados: La escala de evaluación de tratamiento multimodal (EETM) obtuvo, luego de su análisis de contenido, unos resultados apropiados en términos de pertinencia y relevancia; adicionalmente mostró coeficientes de alpha de Cronbach entre 0,799 y 0,963 y similitudes entre los resultados del evaluador y el paciente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la EETM demostró ser un instrumento válido para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en instituciones con intervenciones integrales en los trastornos por uso de sustancias y durante el período de internamiento.
En búsqueda de la atención: necesidades en salud, itinerarios y experiencias
Authors: Yepes Delgado Carlos Enrique , Giraldo Pineda Álvaro de Jesús , Botero Jaramillo Natalia , Guevara Farías Jairo Camilo 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: El presente artículo analiza el proceso de una persona que deviene enferma para solucionar su condición de enfermedad, el surgimiento de la sensación de necesidad y cómo esta lo lleva por diferentes caminos (itinerarios), cada uno con sus cursos y particularidades, para buscar una atención. Nos enfocaremos en la búsqueda de los sujetos por una atención médica alopática institucional, representada por el hospital. Metodología: La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, desde la teoría fundamentada, mediante la elaboración de 21 entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes de dos hospitales del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Se produjeron 1520 códigos y 42 categorías descriptivas, que derivaron en una categoría mayor: sentir la necesidad de consultar genera expectativas. Resultados: Como resultados se obtuvo que las necesidades configuran procesos complejos de búsqueda por la atención en salud, que involucra diversos sujetos e instituciones en las que se movilizan estrategias y recursos a fin de recibir una atención. Que la necesidad de atención en salud es producto de la concepción subjetiva de la enfermedad, a partir de la historia de vida, encuadrado en la cultura; lo que permite la construcción del síntoma y de la enfermedad y lleva al sujeto a una serie de itinerarios burocráticos y terapéuticos. Conclusiones: Concluimos que la condición de enfermedad, atravesada por la historia del sujeto construye una necesidad que, lo conduce a unos itinerarios en los que elabora múltiples expectativas en búsqueda de una solución, la cual pone en juego la institución médica hegemónica y la versión del sujeto sobre su cuerpo y sufrimiento.
The Sarmatian/Pannonian boundary at the western margin of the Vienna Basin (City of Vienna, Austria)
Authors: Harzhauser Mathias , Mandic Oleg , Kranner Matthias , Lukeneder Petra , Kern Andrea K. , Gross Martin , Carnevale Giorgio , Jawecki Christine 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sarmatian and Pannonian cores, drilled at the western margin of the Vienna Basin in the City of Vienna, reveal a complex succession of marine and lacustrine depositional environments during the middle to late Miocene transition. Two Sarmatian and two Pannonian transgressive-regressive sequences were studied in detail. Identical successions of benthic faunal assemblages and similar patterns in magnetic susceptibility logs characterise these sequences. This allows a correlation of the boreholes over a distance of ~3.5 km across one of the major marginal faults of the Vienna Basin. Biostratigraphic data, combined with rough estimates of sedimentation rates, reveal large gaps between these sequences, suggesting that only major transgressions reached this marginal area. In particular, during the Sarmatian-Pannonian transition, the basin margin completely emerged and turned into a terrestrial setting for at least 600 ka.