bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher lipid turnover and oxidation in cultured human myotubes from athletic versus sedentary young male subjects
Authors: Lund Jenny , Helle Siw A. , Li Yuchuan , Løvsletten Nils G. , Stadheim Hans K. , Jensen Jørgen , Kase Eili T. , Thoresen G. Hege , Rustan Arild C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study we compared fatty acid (FA) metabolism in myotubes established from athletic and sedentary young subjects. Six healthy sedentary (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) ≤ 46 ml/kg/min) and six healthy athletic (VO2max > 60 ml/kg/min) young men were included. Myoblasts were cultured and differentiated to myotubes from satellite cells isolated from biopsy ofmusculus vastus lateralis. FA metabolism was studied in myotubes using [14C]oleic acid. Lipid distribution was assessed by thin layer chromatography, and FA accumulation, lipolysis and re-esterification were measured by scintillation proximity assay. Gene and protein expressions were studied. Myotubes from athletic subjects showed lower FA accumulation, lower incorporation of FA into total lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester, higher TAG-related lipolysis and re-esterification, and higher complete oxidation and incomplete β-oxidation of FA compared to myotubes from sedentary subjects. mRNA expression of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III geneUQCRBwas higher in cells from athletic compared to sedentary. Myotubes established from athletic subjects have higher lipid turnover and oxidation compared to myotubes from sedentary subjects. Our findings suggest that cultured myotubes retain some of the phenotypic traits of their donors.
Impaired male fertility and abnormal epididymal epithelium differentiation in mice lacking CRISP1 and CRISP4
Authors: Carvajal Guillermo , Brukman Nicolás Gastón , Weigel Muñoz Mariana , Battistone María A. , Guazzone Vanesa A. , Ikawa Masahito , Haruhiko Miyata , Lustig Livia , Breton Sylvie , Cuasnicu Patricia S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpididymal Cysteine Rich Secretory Proteins 1 and 4 (CRISP1 and CRISP4) associate with sperm during maturation and play different roles in fertilization. However, males lacking each of these molecules individually are fertile, suggesting compensatory mechanisms between these homologous proteins. Based on this, in the present work, we generated double CRISP1/CRISP4 knockout (DKO) mice and examined their reproductive phenotype. Our data showed that the simultaneous lack of the two epididymal proteins results in clear fertility defects. Interestingly, whereas most of the animals exhibited specific sperm fertilizing ability defects supportive of the role of CRISP proteins in fertilization, one third of the males showed an unexpected epididymo-orchitis phenotype with altered levels of inflammatory molecules and non-viable sperm in the epididymis. Further analysis showed that DKO mice exhibited an immature epididymal epithelium and abnormal luminal pH, supporting these defects as likely responsible for the different phenotypes observed. These observations reveal that CRISP proteins are relevant for epididymal epithelium differentiation and male fertility, contributing to a better understanding of the fine-tuning mechanisms underlying sperm maturation and immunotolerance in the epididymis with clear implications for human epididymal physiology and pathology.
Nitrogen additions stimulate litter humification in a subtropical forest, southwestern China
Authors: Liu Qun , Zhuang Liyan , Ni Xiangyin , You Chengming , Yang Wanqin , Wu Fuzhong , Tan Bo , Yue Kai , Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Xu Zhenfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of nitrogen (N) deposition for soil biogeochemical cycle, how N addition affects the accumulation of humic substances in decomposing litter still remains poorly understood. A litterbag experiment was conducted to assess the potential effects of N addition (0 kg·N·ha−1·year−1, 20 kg·N·ha−1·year−1and 40 kg·N·ha−1·year−1) on mass remaining and humification of two leaf litter (Michelia wilsoniiandCamptotheca acuminata) in a subtropical forest of southwestern China. After one year of decomposition, litter mass was lost by 38.1–46.5% forM.wilsoniiand 61.7–74.5% forC.acuminata, respectively. Humic substances were declined by 12.1–23.8% inM.wilsoniiand 29.1–35.5% inC.acuminata, respectively. Nitrogen additions tended to reduce mass loss over the experimental period. Moreover, N additions did not affect the concentrations of humic substances and humic acid in the early stage but often increased them in the late stage. The effect of N addition on the accumulation of humic substances was stronger forC.acuminatelitter than inM.wilsoniilitter. Litter N and P contents showed positive correlations with concentrations of humic substances and fulvic acid. Our results suggest that both litter quality and season-driven environmental changes interactively mediate N impacts on litter humification. Such findings have important implications for carbon sequestration via litter humification in the subtropical forest ecosystems experiencing significant N deposition.
Complex role of miR-130a-3p and miR-148a-3p balance on drug resistance and tumor biology in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Eichelmann A. K. , Matuszcak C. , Lindner K. , Haier J. , Hussey D. J. , Hummel R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractmiRNAs play a crucial role in cancer development and progression. However, results on the impact of miRNAs on drug sensitivity and tumor biology vary, and most studies to date focussed on either increasing or decreasing miRNA expression levels. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of different expression levels of miR-130a-3p and miR-148a-3p on drug resistance and tumor biology in four esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, up- and downregulation of both miRNAs significantly increased sensitivity towards chemotherapy. MiRNA modulation also reduced adherence and migration potential, and increased apoptosis rates. Target analyses showed that up- and downregulation of both miRNAs activated the apoptotic p53-pathway via increased expression of either BAX (miR-148a-3p) or Caspase 9 (miR-130a-3p). miR-148a-3p downregulation seemed to mediate its effects primarily via regulation of Bim rather than Bcl-2 levels, whereas we found the opposite scenario following miR-148a-3p upregulation. A similar effect was observed for miR-130a-3p regulating Bcl-2 and XIAP. Our data provide the first evidence that miRNA modulation in both directions may lead to similar effects on chemotherapy response and tumor biology in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Most interestingly, up- and downregulation seem to mediate their effects via modulating the balance of several validated or predicted targets.
Engineering of a GLP-1 analogue peptide/anti-PCSK9 antibody fusion for type 2 diabetes treatment
Authors: Chodorge Matthieu , Celeste Anthony J. , Grimsby Joseph , Konkar Anish , Davidsson Pia , Fairman David , Jenkinson Lesley , Naylor Jacqueline , White Nicholas , Seaman Jonathan C. , Dickson Karen , Kemp Benjamin , Spooner Jennifer , Rossy Emmanuel , Hornigold David C. , Trevaskis James L. , Bond Nicholas J. , London Timothy B. , Buchanan Andrew , Vaughan Tristan , Rondinone Cristina M. , Osbourn Jane K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex and progressive disease requiring polypharmacy to manage hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors. However, most patients do not achieve combined treatment goals. To address this therapeutic gap, we have developed MEDI4166, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist peptide fused to a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) neutralising antibody that allows for glycaemic control and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering in a single molecule. The fusion has been engineered to deliver sustained peptide activity in vivo in combination with reduced potency, to manage GLP-1 driven adverse effects at high dose, and a favourable manufacturability profile. MEDI4166 showed robust and sustained LDL-C lowering in cynomolgus monkeys and exhibited the anticipated GLP-1 effects in T2D mouse models. We believe MEDI4166 is a novel molecule combining long acting agonist peptide and neutralising antibody activities to deliver a unique pharmacology profile for the management of T2D.
Overcoming degradation in spatial multiplexing systems with stochastic nonlinear impairments
Authors: Ferreira Filipe M. , Costa Christian S. , Sygletos Stylianos , Ellis Andrew D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle-mode optical fibres now underpin telecommunication systems and have allowed continuous increases in traffic volume and bandwidth demand whilst simultaneously reducing cost- and energy-per-bit over the last 40 years. However, it is now recognised that such systems are rapidly approaching the limits imposed by the nonlinear Kerr effect. To address this, recent research has been carried out into mitigating Kerr nonlinearities to increase the nonlinear threshold and into spatial multiplexing to offer additional spatial pathways. However, given the complexity associated with nonlinear transmission in spatial multiplexed systems subject to random inter-spatial-path nonlinearities it is widely believed that these technologies are mutually exclusive. By investigating the linear and nonlinear crosstalk in few-mode fibres based optical communications, we numerically demonstrate, for the first time, that even in the presence of significant random mixing of signals, substantial performance benefits are possible. To achieve this, the impact of linear mixing on the Kerr nonlinearities should be taken into account using different compensation strategies for different linear mixing regimes. For the optical communication systems studied, we demonstrate that the performance may be more than doubled with the appropriate selection of compensation method for fibre characteristics which match those presented in the literature.
Flexible Delivery Patch Systems based on Thermoresponsive Hydrogels and Submicronic Fiber Heaters
Authors: Evanghelidis Alexandru , Beregoi Mihaela , Diculescu Victor C. , Galatanu Andrei , Ganea Paul , Enculescu Ionut 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel, flexible, low cost administration patch which could be used as a non-invasive, controlled transdermal drug delivery system. The fabricated device consists in a flexible microfiber architecture heater covered with a thermoresponsive hydrogel, namely poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), as a matrix for the incorporation of active molecules. The manufacturing process consists of two main steps. First, the electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) fiber networks are sputter coated with a thin gold layer and attached to flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates to obtain the heating platforms. Second, the heaters are encapsulated in poly(ethylene terephthalate) foils and covered with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel sheets. In order to illustrate the functionality of the fabricated patch, the hydrogel layer is loaded with methylene blue aqueous solution and is afterwards heated via Joule effect, by applying a voltage on the metalized fibers. The methylene blue releasing profiles of the heated patch are compared with those of the unheated one and the influence of parameters such as hydrogel composition and morphology, as well as the applied voltage values for microheating are investigated. The results indicate that the fabricated patch can be used as a drug administration instrument, while its performance can be tuned depending on the targeted application.
Echinometra mathaei and its ectocommensal shrimps: the role of sea urchin spinochrome pigments in the symbiotic association
Authors: Brasseur Lola , Caulier Guillaume , Lepoint Gilles , Gerbaux Pascal , Eeckhaut Igor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTuleariocaris holthuisiandArete indicusare two ectocommensal shrimps closely associated with the tropical sea urchinEchinometra mathaei. This study provides a comparison of these twoE.mathaeisymbiotic crustaceans and particularly focuses on the relationship betweenT.holthuisiand its host’s pigments (i.e. spinochromes), and its dependency on its host. While all the analyses underline a close association betweenA.indicusandE.mathaei, they reveal a particularly close interaction betweenT.holthuisiand its host. Chemical analyses reveal that these shrimps present the same spinochrome composition asE.mathaei, and have similar colouration, allowing camouflage. Isotopic composition and pigment loss after host separation suggest that these pigments are certainly assimilated upon feeding on the urchin. Moreover, symbiont isolation experiments demonstrate the high dependency ofT.holthuision its host and the importance of the host’s pigments on their survival capacity. Finally, some host recognition mechanisms are investigated forT.holthuisiand show the probable implication of spinochromes in host selection, through chemical recognition. Hence, all the results suggest the essential roles of spinochromes forT.holthuisi, which, in turn, suggests the potential implication of these pigments in the shrimps’ metabolism.
Armc8 is an evolutionarily conserved armadillo protein involved in cell–cell adhesion complexes through multiple molecular interactions
Authors: Gul Ismail Sahin , Hulpiau Paco , Sanders Ellen , van Roy Frans , van Hengel Jolanda 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Armadillo-repeat-containing protein 8 (Armc8) belongs to the family of armadillo-repeat containing proteins, which have been found to be involved in diverse cellular functions including cell–cell contacts and intracellular signaling. By comparative analyses of armadillo repeat protein structures and genomes from various premetazoan and metazoan species, we identified orthologs of human Armc8 and analyzed in detail the evolutionary relationship of Armc8 genes and their encoded proteins. Armc8 is a highly ancestral armadillo protein although not present in yeast. Consequently, Armc8 is not the human ortholog of yeast Gid5/Vid28.
Further, we performed a candidate approach to characterize new protein interactors of Armc8. Interactions between Armc8 and specific δ-catenins (plakophilins-1, -2, -3 and p0071) were observed by the yeast two-hybrid approach and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization. We also showed that Armc8 interacts specifically with αE-catenin but neither with αN-catenin nor with αT-catenin. Degradation of αE-catenin has been reported to be important in cancer and to be regulated by Armc8. A similar process may occur with respect to plakophilins in desmosomes. Deregulation of desmosomal proteins has been considered to contribute to tumorigenesis.
Data-Driven Classification of Dysarthria Profiles in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The objectives of this study were to examine different speech profiles among children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) and to characterize the effect of different speech profiles on intelligibility.

Method
Twenty 5-year-old children with dysarthria secondary to CP and 20 typically developing children were included in this study. Six acoustic and perceptual speech measures were selected to quantify a range of segmental and suprasegmental speech characteristics and were measured from children's sentence productions. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify naturally occurring subgroups of children who had similar profiles of speech features.

Results
Results revealed 4 naturally occurring speech clusters among children: 1 cluster of children with typical development and 3 clusters of children with dysarthria secondary to CP. Two of the 3 dysarthria clusters had statistically equivalent intelligibility levels but significantly differed in articulation rate and degree of hypernasality.

Conclusion
This study provides initial evidence that different speech profiles exist among 5-year-old children with dysarthria secondary to CP, even among children with similar intelligibility levels, suggesting the potential for developing a pediatric dysarthria classification system that could be used to stratify children with dysarthria into meaningful subgroups for studying speech motor development and efficacy of interventions.
Characterisation of Victims Of Violence in the A & E Department and Analysis of the Acceptance of a Medico-Legal Expertise Centre After its Implementation vs. Multi-Year Consolidation
Authors: Latz David , Bergermann Anja , Jungnitsch Jeannie , Grassmann Jan Peter , Schiffner Erik , Gahr Britta , Tank Anne , Windolf Joachim , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Graß Lilly , Jungbluth Pascal 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background People who have become victims of domestic or public violence often suffer long-term physical, psychological and social impairment. Due to physical injury, the first contact with the health care system is frequently an A & E Department. Thus, physicians and especially surgeons play a key role in detecting victims of domestic or public violence. The specific needs of victims are adequate medical treatment of injuries, forensic documentation, as well as interdisciplinary medical support to prevent further morbidity and violence. To take this into account, so-called expertise centres for victims of violence have been established at several locations in Germany in recent years. In this study: I. We tried to define the characteristics of victims of domestic and public violence to ensure better identification by physicians/surgeons. II. We elucidate the acceptance and effectiveness of such an expertise centre one year after its implementation and for a period of three years (2007 – 2009) and for a follow-up period of three years (2014 – 2016) after establishment.
Material and Methods Patients were prospectively classified as victims of violence by the attending physician at the A & E Department and further treatment was initiated by the expertise centre for victims of violence. Medical reports from the A & E Department were analysed anonymously and compared with the number of patients of the expertise centre for victims of violence who had been referred from A & E Department.
Results Orthopaedic and trauma surgery is the main referring discipline for the expertise centre for victims of violence. 0.9% of patients (2007 – 2009) and in the follow-up period (2014 – 2016) even 1.6% of patients were identified as victims of violence. However, the acceptance of such a centre fell from 22.2% (2007 – 2009) to 17.2% (2014 – 2016).
Conclusion Physicians and especially trauma surgeons are responsible for identifying victims of domestic or public violence and ensuring further treatment. Accordingly, it is crucial that the expertise centre should characterise the victims of violence and be aware of their different needs, if the expertise centre is to be accepted. The results of this study indicate that interdisciplinary training and close cooperation between traumatology and legal medicine are the main prerequisites for continuous improvement in the treatment of victims of violence.
Avulsion Fractures of the Ischial Tuberosity and Resulting Ischiofemoral Impingement – a Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Rutetzki Kim , Palm Hans-Georg , Friemert Benedikt , Riesner Hans-Joachim , Schwarz Winfried , Stuby Fabian , Lang Patricia ,   und die AG Becken III der DGU®
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity are rare injuries and therefore often not diagnosed in a timely manner. Healing may then result in massive hypertrophic ischial tuberosity. This can cause ischiofemoral impingement symptoms. Due to the low incidence and scarce literature, the optimal treatment and surgery is unclear.
Materials and Methods A literature search was carried out using the online medical database “PubMed”. The findings of the literature were then applied to a clinical case of delayed diagnosis of the apophyseal avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity.
Results There is no gold standard in the literature for the treatment of avulsion fractures on the ischial tuberosity. Nearly 90% are treated conservatively and a fragment dislocation of more than 2 cm is often the indication for surgical care. However, the surgical procedures described are very diverse. An ischiofemoral impingement symptom may result from excessive ossification of the ischial tuberosity, bringing the ischiofemoral distance to the critical limit of 2 cm.
Conclusions The timely correct diagnosis and initiation of a therapy is crucial for the later outcome of the patient. Ischiofemoral impingement symptoms may be the indication of bony displacement of the ischial tuberosity as a result of injury. Therapy is then surgical with partial resection of the ischial tuberosity and plate osteosynthesis.
Multiple Synchronous Tuberculous Aneurysms
Authors: D'cruz Reuban , Chan Dexter , Ho Pei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe authors report a case of a 35-year-old woman with a medical history of recently diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with chest and back discomfort. Chest radiograph demonstrated a bulky hilar mass, and computed tomography revealed multiple saccular aneurysms in the thoracic aorta, multiple fusiform aneurysms in the coronary arteries, left renal and splenic arteries, and right internal iliac pseudoaneurysms. Surgical management of the mycotic aneurysms was indicated in view of symptomatology. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and ascending aortic replacement with aortic valve suspension and coil embolization of right iliac artery pseudoaneurysm were performed. The coronary artery aneurysms were managed with surveillance.
Quantifying the risk of hemiplasy in phylogenetic inference
Authors: Guerrero Rafael F. , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Convergent evolution provides key evidence for the action of natural selection. The process of convergence is often inferred because the same trait appears in multiple species that are not closely related. However, different parts of the genome can reveal different relationships among species, with some genes or regions uniting lineages that appear unrelated in the species tree. If changes in traits occur in these discordant regions, a false pattern of convergence can be produced (known as “hemiplasy”). Here, we provide a way to quantify the probability that hemiplasy occurs and contrast it with the probability of convergence. We find that hemiplasy is likely to explain many apparent cases of convergent evolution, even when the fraction of discordant regions is low.
Engineered occluded apo-intermediate of LacY
Authors: Smirnova Irina , Kasho Vladimir , Kaback H. Ronald 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceThe alternating access mechanism underlying stoichiometric symport of a galactoside and an H+is mediated by LacY, a paradigm for the major facilitator superfamily, the largest family of membrane transport proteins. Although the mechanism includes multiple sequential conformational changes, only two alternative structures with a hydrophilic cavity open-inward to the cytoplasm or open-outward to the periplasm are available. As shown here, an empty occluded conformation of LacY with both cavities closed is stabilized by cross-linking double-Cys replacements across the cytoplasmic cavity. An occluded apo-intermediate is an obligatory component of the symport cycle, and LacY with a cross-linked cytoplasmic cavity provides insight into the nature of this conformer.