bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pesticides on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield of Seedless Mandarin at the Basic Design Period in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Minh , Tuan Ha Minh , Dep Luan Thi , Lan Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: May 2019

Aims: This study was carry out to evaluate the effects of pesticide on vegetative growth, fruit yield, fruit quality of sweet seedless Mandarin citrus seedless in basic design period at Thai Nguyen province
Study Design: The study was carried out in Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province in 2017-2018. The experiment included three treatments were designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.
Results and Discussion: The vegetative growth of tree and shoot, fruit character and fruit quality was collected. Results indicated that T2 treatment (Trebon 10 EC) had the best results in vegetative growth, fruit quality and fruit yield.
Conclusion: It was concluded that T2 treatment application has greatly enhanced vegetative growth, fruit character, and fruit quality of sweet seedless Mandarin under field conditions.
Evolution of Tourism Policies Due to Change of Ruling Parties in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Ming, , Lin De-Ming , Lu Min-Ying 
Published: May 2019

Tourism policy is the blueprint and roadmap for the development of tourism in a country or a region. As policymaking for the tourism industry is set in the context of wider government policies, it is highly relevant to the majority ruling party. In 2000, the long-standing ruling party in Taiwan lost its seats for the first time, which had sweeping impact on the economic, social, and political landscape on the island. This paper examines the tourism policy in Taiwan and analyzes the influence of administration changeover on the development of tourism. It is hoped that the research insight serves as reference to other countries in the formation of tourism policies going forward. This study adopts qualitative research methods, including: historical research, document analysis, field observation and interviews. The results show that although the evolution of Taiwan's tourism policy has gone through the ruling of different political parties, they regard the development of tourism as one of the important economic policies, and strengthen the construction of scenic spots, the formulation of laws and regulations, as well as the innovation of tourism products, so that the tourism industry can be successfully developed. However, it will be influenced by the political ideas of the political parties, and the selected international tourism target markets are also different.
Grit in Online Education
Authors: Buzzetto-Hollywood Nicole , Quinn Kathy , Wang Wendy , Hill Austin 
Published: May 2019

Aim: This study sought to explore the role of the elusive non-cognitive skill set known as grit, or the resolve and determination to achieve goals regardless of impediments, on student success in online education. It represents an area of exploration where there is a dearth in the available literature and reports the results of a study conducted at a Mid-Atlantic minority-serving university that examined the relationship between grit and student performance in fully online courses.
Methodology: Students were administered the standard 12-Question Grit Scale with the addition of a series of validated questions that sought to measure perceived self-learning efficacy. Additionally, student performances in online courses were recorded and correlations conducted. Basic statistical analyses such as mean, mode, standard deviation, variance, and confidence interval were calculated. Two hypotheses were introduced as part of this study and tested with Anovas and crosstabulations.
Results: This study found that higher grit scores correlated progressively to both self-discipline and self-efficacy but that a positive relationship to student achievement in fully online courses as measured with a p value of greater than .05 could not be confirmed.
Conclusion: As online education continues to grow, providing opportunities to foster and strengthen student success in online courses and programs is increasingly important. E-learning success requires that students exhibit strong self-regulation, self-discipline, resilience, dutifulness, conscientiousness, and low impulsivity all of which are attributes of grit. As such, grit is presented as a promising area of exploration for increasing student achievement in online education.
Urine mRNA to identify a novel pseudoexon causing dystrophinopathy
Authors: Antoury Layal , Hu Ningyan , Darras Basil , Wheeler Thurman M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn muscular dystrophies, identification of pathogenic pseudoexons involves sequencing of the target gene cDNA derived from muscle mRNA. Here we use a urine “liquid biopsy,” droplet digital PCR, and sequencing of PCR products to identify a novel cryptic splice site in DMD intron 67 that causes dystrophinopathy. Pseudoexon inclusion is 35% in urine cells, 34% in urine extracellular RNA (exRNA), and 54% in muscle biopsy tissue, but absent in serum exRNA. Our results suggest that cryptic splice site use varies depending on the RNA source, and that urine RNA has the potential to substitute for muscle biopsies to identify DMD pseudoexons.
Mechanically Flexible Conductors for Stretchable and Wearable E‐Skin and E‐Textile Devices
Authors: Wang Binghao , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConsiderable progress in materials development and device integration for mechanically bendable and stretchable optoelectronics will broaden the application of “Internet‐of‐Things” concepts to a myriad of new applications. When addressing the needs associated with the human body, such as the detection of mechanical functions, monitoring of health parameters, and integration with human tissues, optoelectronic devices, interconnects/circuits enabling their functions, and the core passive components from which the whole system is built must sustain different degrees of mechanical stresses. Herein, the basic characteristics and performance of several of these devices are reported, particularly focusing on the conducting element constituting them. Among these devices, strain sensors of different types, energy storage elements, and power/energy storage and generators are included. Specifically, the advances during the past 3 years are reported, wherein mechanically flexible conducting elements are fabricated from (0D, 1D, and 2D) conducting nanomaterials from metals (e.g., Au nanoparticles, Ag flakes, Cu nanowires), carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, 2D conductors (e.g., graphene, MoS2), metal oxides (e.g., Zn nanorods), and conducting polymers (e.g., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrene sulfonate), polyaniline) in combination with passive fibrotic and elastomeric materials enabling, after integration, the so‐called electronic skins and electronic textiles.
Tetra‐PEG Based Hydrogel Sealants for In Vivo Visceral Hemostasis
Authors: Bu Yazhong , Zhang Licheng , Sun Guofei , Sun Feifei , Liu Jianheng , Yang Fei , Tang Peifu , Wu Decheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMedical sealant devices for in vivo hemostasis are far from satisfactory in the aged society. A major challenge is effective integration of quick hemorrhage control of the increased anticoagulated patients, high safety, and facile accessibility. Here, a well‐defined ammonolysis‐based Tetra‐PEG hydrogel sealant is developed with rapid gelation speed, strong tissue adhesion, and high mechanical strength. Introduction of cyclized succinyl ester groups into a hydrogel matrix endows the sealant with fast degradable and controllably dissolvable properties. The hydrogel possesses outstanding hemostatic capabilities even under the anticoagulated conditions while displaying excellent biocompatibility and feasibility. These results reveal that the optimized hydrogel may be a facile, effective, and safe sealant for hemorrhage control in vivo.
Actively Tunable Collective Localized Surface Plasmons by Responsive Hydrogel Membrane
Authors: Gisbert Quilis Nestor , van Dongen Marcel , Venugopalan Priyamvada , Kotlarek Daria , Petri Christian , Moreno Cencerrado Alberto , Stanescu Sorin , Toca Herrera Jose Luis , Jonas Ulrich , Möller Martin , Mourran Ahmed , Dostalek Jakub 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCollective (lattice) localized surface plasmons (cLSP) with actively tunable and extremely narrow spectral characteristics are reported. They are supported by periodic arrays of gold nanoparticles attached to a stimuli‐responsive hydrogel membrane, which can on demand swell and collapse to reversibly modulate arrays period and surrounding refractive index. In addition, it features a refractive index‐symmetrical geometry that promotes the generation of cLSPs and leads to strong suppression of radiative losses, narrowing the spectral width of the resonance, and increasing of the electromagnetic field intensity. Narrowing of the cLSP spectral band down to 13 nm and its reversible shifting by up to 151 nm is observed in the near infrared part of the spectrum by varying temperature and by solvent exchange for systems with a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based hydrogel membrane that is allowed to reversibly swell and collapse in either one or in three dimensions. The reported structures with embedded periodic gold nanoparticle arrays are particularly attractive for biosensing applications as the open hydrogel structure can be efficiently post‐modified with functional moieties, such as specific ligands, and since biomolecules can rapidly diffuse through swollen polymer networks.
In Situ Subcellular Detachment of Cells Using a Cell‐Friendly Photoresist and Spatially Modulated Light
Authors: Park Jeehun , Kim Taeyup , Choi Jong Chul , Doh Junsang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDynamic adhesion and detachment of subcellular regions occur during cell migration, thus a technique allowing precise control of subcellular detachment of cells will be useful for cell migration study. Previous methods for cell detachment were developed either for harvesting cells or cell sheets attached on surfaces with low resolution patterning capability, or for detaching subcellular regions located on predefined electrodes. In this paper, a method that allows in situ subcellular detachment of cells with ≈1.5 µm critical feature size while observing cells under a fluorescence microscope is introduced using a cell‐friendly photoresist and spatially modulated light. Using this method, a single cell, regions in cell sheets, and a single focal adhesion complex within a cell are successfully detached. Furthermore, different subcellular regions of migrating cells are detached and changes in cell polarity and migration direction are quantitatively analyzed. This method will be useful for many applications in cell detachment, in particular when subcellular resolution is required.
A Step‐Economic Synthesis of (S)‐(−)‐Juglomycin C and (S)‐(−)‐NHAB by Dötz Benzannulation and Convergent Deprotections
Authors: Bhowmik Amit , Mulay Sandip V. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA step‐economic stereoselective synthesis of (S)‐(−)‐juglomycin C and (S)‐(−)‐NHAB is described. The synthesis features Dötz benzannulation reaction to readily assemble the desired naphthalene structure. The key alkyne fragment was synthesized via a Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution of racemic epoxide followed by regioselective ring opening. The convergent quinone formation and TBS group removal with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and also AlCl3‐mediated demethylation and tert‐butyl group removal in a convergent deprotection are notable features in the synthesis.
Residual descending motor pathways influence spasticity after spinal cord injury
Authors: Sangari Sina , Lundell Henrik , Kirshblum Steven , Perez Monica A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveSpasticity is one of the most common symptoms manifested in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI). The neural mechanisms contributing to its development are not yet understood. Using neurophysiological and imaging techniques, we examined the influence of residual descending motor pathways on spasticity in humans with SCI.MethodsWe measured spasticity in 33 individuals with motor complete SCI (determined by clinical examination) without preservation of voluntary motor output in the quadriceps femoris muscle. To examine residual descending motor pathways, we used magnetic and electrical stimulation over the leg motor cortex to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the quadriceps femoris muscle and structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure spinal cord atrophy.ResultsWe found that 60% of participants showed symptoms of spasticity, whereas the other 40% showed no spasticity, demonstrating the presence of 2 clear subgroups of humans with motor complete SCI. MEPs were only present in individuals who had spasticity, and MEP size correlated with the severity of spasticity. Spinal cord atrophy was greater in nonspastic compared with spastic subjects. Notably, the degree of spared tissue in the lateral regions of the spinal cord was positively correlated with the severity of spasticity, indicating preservation of white matter related to motor tracts when spasticity was present.InterpretationThese results support the hypothesis that preservation of descending motor pathways influences spasticity in humans with motor complete SCI; this knowledge might help the rehabilitation and assessment of people with SCI. ANN NEUROL 2019
Extrinsic Polarization‐Enabled Covert Plasmonic Colors Using Aluminum Nanostructures
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wang Kun , Mao Jianyong , Goh Xiao Ming , Chu Zhiqin , Zhang Yanpeng , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubwavelength structures can provide a versatile platform for displaying various colors. Here, a reflection‐type approach to structural colors enabled by an extrinsic polarization‐dependent plasmonic resonance using aluminum nanohole arrays is presented theoretically. Usually, nanohole arrays with small hole sizes support whitish structural colors due to the narrow‐band reflection dip and high‐reflection nonresonant background. Interestingly, the lineshape of the resonance can be converted from a reflection dip with a high background to a reflection peak with negligible background using a pair of linear polarizers to select the polarization states of the incident light and the detected signal. Therefore, the resultant colors can be switched between whitish colors and vibrant colors, which are covert and overt under a white lighting condition, respectively. Due to the huge contrast between the two types of colors, this approach provides a novel scheme for the development of security‐related color labels.
Artificial Control of Cell Signaling Using a Photocleavable Cobalt(III)–Nitrosyl Complex
Authors: Shin Sangwon , Choe Jisu , Park Youngchan , Jeong Donghyun , Song Hyunjoon , You Youngmin , Seo Daeha , Cho Jaeheung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCells use gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) to transmit both intracellular and intercellular signals. In principle, the endogenous small molecules regulate physiological changes, but it is unclear how randomly diffusive molecules trigger and discriminate signaling programs. Herein, it is shown that gasotransmitters use time‐dependent dynamics to discriminate the endogenous and exogenous inputs. For a real‐time stimulation of cell signaling, we synthesized a photo‐cleavable metal–nitrosyl complex, [CoIII(MDAP)(NO)(CH3CN)]2+ (MDAP=N,N′‐dimethyl‐2,11‐diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane), which can stably deliver and selectively release NO with fine temporal resolution in the cytosol, and used this to study the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), revealing how cells use both exogenous and endogenous NO to disentangle cellular responses. This technique can be to understand how diverse cellular signaling networks are dynamically interconnected and also to control drug delivery systems.
Oxygen Isotope Labeling Experiments Reveal Different Reaction Sites for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Nickel and Nickel Iron Oxides
Authors: Lee Seunghwa , Banjac Karla , Lingenfelder Magalí , Hu Xile 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNickel iron oxide is considered a benchmark nonprecious catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the nature of the active site in nickel iron oxide is heavily debated. Here we report direct spectroscopic evidence for the different active sites in Fe‐free and Fe‐containing Ni oxides. Ultrathin layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were used as defined samples of metal oxide catalysts, and 18O‐labeling experiments in combination with in situ Raman spectroscopy were employed to probe the role of lattice oxygen as well as an active oxygen species, NiOO−, in the catalysts. Our data show that lattice oxygen is involved in the OER for Ni and NiCo LDHs, but not for NiFe and NiCoFe LDHs. Moreover, NiOO− is a precursor to oxygen for Ni and NiCo LDHs, but not for NiFe and NiCoFe LDHs. These data indicate that bulk Ni sites in Ni and NiCo oxides are active and evolve oxygen via a NiOO− precursor. Fe incorporation not only dramatically increases the activity, but also changes the nature of the active sites.
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Methoxy Methoxycarbonylation of Alkenes with Methyl Formate
Authors: Budai Balázs , Leclair Alexandre , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReported here is a copper‐catalyzed 1,2‐methoxy methoxycarbonylation of alkenes by an unprecedented use of methyl formate as a source of both the methoxy and the methoxycarbonyl groups. This reaction transforms styrene and its derivatives into value‐added β‐methoxy alkanoates and cinnamates, as well as medicinally important five‐membered heterocycles, such as functionalized tetrahydrofurans, γ‐lactones, and pyrrolidines. A ternary β‐diketiminato‐CuI‐styrene complex, fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallographic analysis, is capable of catalyzing the same transformation. These findings suggest that pre‐coordination of electron‐rich alkenes to copper might play an important role in accelerating the addition of nucleophilic radicals to electron‐rich alkenes, and could have general implications in the design of novel radical‐based transformations.
Propargylsilanes as Reagents for Synergistic Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Propargylation of Carbonyl Compounds: Isolation and Characterization of σ‐Gold(I) Allenyl Intermediates
Authors: Fernández Sergio , González Jairo , Santamaría Javier , Ballesteros Alfredo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReported herein is the isolation and characterization, for the first time, of a σ‐gold allenyl complex as an intermediate in gold catalysis. This intermediate was captured during the study of a novel gold(I)‐catalyzed propargylation of carbonyl compounds with propargylsilanes. Notably, the gold‐catalyzed propargylation reaction, which proceeds with aldehydes and ketones, can be driven to the formation of either homopropargyl silyl ethers or the in situ synthesis of corresponding 2‐silyl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans.
Nanocatalyst/Nanoplasmon‐Enabled Detection of Organic Mercury: A One‐Minute Visual Test
Authors: Donati Paolo , Moglianetti Mauro , Veronesi Marina , Prato Mirko , Tatulli Giuseppina , Bandiera Tiziano , Pompa Pier Paolo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a fast and sensitive nanosensor that can detect organic mercury, exploiting the combination of the catalytic and plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The method is one‐step and completely instrument‐free, and has a colorimetric readout clearly detectable by simple visual inspection. The AuNPs catalyze efficient organic mercury reduction to the metallic form (Hg0), allowing its nucleation and amalgam formation on particle surface, with consequent aggregation‐induced plasmon shift. This leads to very rapid (1 min) and specific colorimetric detection of mercury species. The achieved limit of detection (20 ppb) is compliant with current regulatory limits in food.
Chemical reactions affecting halloysite dispersion in epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Uicich Julieta Fabienne , Arenas Gustavo Francisco , Rodríguez Exequiel Santos , Montemartini Pablo Ezequiel , Penoff Marcela Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have attracted a technologic and scientific attention as reinforcements of epoxy‐based nanocomposites. However, their reported interaction with epoxy matrices is varied and the controlled dispersion of HNTs is still a challenge. In this work, we study the effect of chemical reactions taking place in the dispersion process of halloysite and their possible influence in the composite's properties. HNTs' surface was modified through an alkaline treatment and by grafting two aminosilanes with different chain lengths and functionality numbers. Evidence of homopolymerization and degradation reactions was found, depending on the surface treatment. The rheological study indicated that an interconnected network can be achieved in epoxy/HNTs blends depending on the surface chemical characteristics of the nanofillers and the blending method. The better dispersion was accomplished when ultrasonicating with the aid of a solvent. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are not warranted by selecting a dispersion method. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47979.
Factorization‐based frequency‐weighted optimal Hankel‐norm model reduction
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sreeram Victor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present frequency‐weighted optimal Hankel‐norm model reduction algorithms for linear time‐invariant continuous‐time systems by representing an original higher‐order system into new fictitious systems. The new system representations are derived through factorization of the resulting sub‐matrices that are obtained after transformations. As the proposed approaches are factorization dependent, additional results with both approaches are included using another factorization of the fictitious input–output and weight matrices. The proposed algorithms generate stable reduced models with double‐sided weights and provide a substantial improvement in the weighted error. A numerical example is given to compare the efficacy of the proposed algorithms with the well‐known frequency‐weighted techniques.
Regulation of game result for n‐person random evolutionary Boolean games
Authors: Ding Xueying , Li Haitao , Alsaadi Fuad E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the regulation of game result for n‐person random evolutionary Boolean game (REBG). Using the semi‐tensor product of matrices, the n‐person REBG together with the reference evolutionary Boolean game are converted into an augmented system. Based on the augmented system, a necessary and sufficient condition is presented for the solvability of the regulation of game result of n‐person REBG by constructing a series of stochastic reachable sets. The study of an illustrative example shows the effectiveness of the obtained new results.