bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposite effects of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors on antipsychotic clozapine‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Li Liliang , Dong Xiaoru , Tu Chunyan , Li Xiaoqing , Peng Zhao , Zhou Yiling , Zhang Dingang , Jiang Jieqing , Burke Allen , Zhao Ziqin , Jin Li , Jiang Yan 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is very efficacious in treating psychosis, but the risk of severe cardiotoxicity limits its clinical use. The present study investigated the harmful effects of clozapine on myocardium and assessed the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in its cardiotoxicity.Experimental ApproachClozapine alone or in combination with selective cannabinoid receptor antagonists or agonists were used to treat mice and cardiomyocytes.Key ResultsClozapine induced myocardial inflammation and infiltration 7 days after i.p. injection. Mice survival rate and myocardial infiltration, and fibrotic lesions were dose‐dependently worsened by clozapine. Clozapine decreased major endocannabinoid levels in sera and cultured cardiomyocytes. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors decreased in clozapine‐treated hearts and were translocated from cytomembranes to cytoplasm and nuclei, whereas CB2 receptors increased in clozapine‐treated hearts and inversely translocated from nuclei to the cytomembrane. Selective antagonists of CB1 receptors, rimonabant and AM281, but not its selective agonist arachidonyl‐2′‐chloroethylamide, ameliorated clozapine‐induced myocardial inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic lesions. In contrast, selective agonists of CB2 receptors, AM1241 and JWH‐133, but not its selective antagonist AM630, blunted clozapine‐mediated cardiotoxicity in mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, clozapine increased the pro‐inflammatory factor IL‐1β and the concentrations of myocardial injury markers (LDH and aspartate aminotransferase); these effects were reversed by either a CB1 antagonist or CB2 agonist and further prevented by combined pretreatments.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data provide evidence that cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors have opposite effects and selective antagonists of CB1 or agonists of CB2 receptors might confer protective effects against clozapine in myocardium.
The assembly of active participation by parents of children subject to a multi‐agency model of early intervention in child and family services
Authors: Lucas Steven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Common Assessment Framework provides a model of early intervention, which is familiar in local authorities throughout England, and asserts a participatory framework of child and family engagement. This paper is based on a qualitative study of parents and children who were subject to a multi‐agency process of early intervention in children's social care in a local authority in the Midlands of England. I advance the concept of assemblage to consider the basis of an active service user participation as rather more a struggle to achieve than something that has been granted by practitioner agencies. Interview extracts are used to show the enrolment and assembly of participation as a process of service users developing their active human agency in a multi‐agency setting. The article explores the assembling of skills in administration and management of meetings and plans, accessing knowledge and expertise through service user networks, and challenging professional expertise and institutional space while developing personal qualities of confidence and voice as a means of marshalling an effective participation in a multi‐agency setting.
Cognitive and adaptive functioning in congenital and childhood forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1: a longitudinal study
Authors: Lindeblad Gerda , Kroksmark Anna‐Karin , Ekström Anne‐Berit 
Published: February 2019

AimTo conduct a longitudinal follow‐up of the development of global cognitive abilities and adaptive skills in individuals with congenital and childhood forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).MethodFifty‐one participants (29 males, 22 females, mean age 19y 5mo, SD 4y 11mo, range 10y 10mo–28y 11mo) were divided into severe congenital (n=16), mild congenital (n=17), and childhood DM1 (n=18) subgroups. The average time between the first and second assessments was 7 years 8 months. Adaptive skills were evaluated using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and global cognitive functioning using Wechsler scales.ResultsThere was no statistically significant decline in cognitive abilities and adaptive behaviour. A tendency of decline regarding the level of intellectual disability was found in the congenital DM1 groups but not in the childhood group. In the congenital DM1 groups, the gap in relation to typically developing peers in cognitive and adaptive functioning increased. Predictors of change over time in adaptive skills were age and current level of intellectual disability: individuals with severe intellectual disability and younger individuals deteriorated the most. However, when raw scores were compared, no actual regression in adaptive functioning was found.InterpretationThe participants had not lost any important adaptive skills. Greater cognitive and adaptive development was found in the childhood group than in the congenital groups.What this paper adds

There is no absolute decline in cognitive and adaptive abilities in individuals with congenital and childhood myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Pace of development is slow in comparison with normative data.

The childhood group tended to show greater cognitive and adaptive development than the congenital groups.
Effects of socio‐demographic characteristics, premorbid functioning, and insight on duration of untreated psychosis in first‐episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in Northern Malawi
Authors: Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Dai Wenjie , Liu Aizhong , Myaba Japhet , Banda Richard , Wen Shi W. 
Published: February 2019

AimLong duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is prevalent and has been shown to be associated with poorer prognosis. Thus, knowledge of its determinants may help to target early interventions to reduce DUP on the needed population. Previous studies seeking to understand determinants of DUP have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of socio‐demographic characteristics, premorbid functioning, and insight on DUP in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 110 subjects (aged 18‐65) during a pilot early intervention service for psychosis in Northern Malawi, between June 2009 and September 2012. Short DUP was defined as ≤6 months, whereas long DUP was defined as >6 months. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to identify determinants of DUP.ResultsOf the 110 subjects, 99 (90%) had schizophrenia. Median DUP was 27.5 months, while mean (SD) DUP was 71.24 (92.32) months. In addition, at least 75% had long DUP, which was associated with lower level of education, poor insight, younger age at onset, and at least one parent deceased.ConclusionsLong DUP is prevalent in Northern Malawi. Thus, early interventions to reduce DUP are warranted in this population. Although having at least one parent deceased predicted long DUP in this study, this remains speculative because factors, such as timing of parents' death and grief reactions of the patients were not assessed. Therefore, further investigations incorporating these factors are needed to ascertain this result.
Myocardial injury in transient global amnesia: a case‐control study
Authors: Erdur H. , Siegerink B. , Ganeshan R. , Audebert H. J. , Endres M. , Nolte C. H. , Scheitz J. F. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeElevation of cardiac troponin (cTn), a sensitive biomarker of myocardial injury, is frequently observed in severe acute neurological disorders. Case reports suggest that cardiac dysfunction may also occur in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). Until now, no study has systematically assessed this phenomenon.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study using data of consecutive patients presenting with TGA from 2010 to 2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis accounting for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors was performed to compare the likelihood of myocardial injury [defined as elevation of cTn > 99th percentile (≥14 ng/L); highly sensitive cardiac troponin T assay] in TGA with three reference groups: migraine with aura, vestibular neuritis and transient ischaemic attack (TIA).ResultsCardiac troponin elevation occurred in 28 (25%) of 113 patients with TGA. Patients with TGA with cTn elevation were significantly older, more likely to be female and had higher blood pressure on admission compared with those without. The likelihood of myocardial injury following TGA was at least more than twofold higher compared with all three reference groups [adjusted odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–26.4, compared with migraine with aura; adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.4, compared with vestibular neuritis; adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3–4.2, compared with TIA].ConclusionsOne out of four patients with TGA had evidence of myocardial injury as assessed by highly sensitive cTn assays. The likelihood of myocardial injury associated with TGA was even higher than in TIA patients with a more pronounced cardiovascular risk profile. Our findings suggest the presence of a TGA‐related disturbance of brain–heart interaction that deserves further investigation.
Oxidation‐induced crack healing and erosion life assessment of Ni–Mo–Al–Cr7C3–Al2O3 composite coating
Authors: Davis Deepak , Anandhan Vignesh , Singh Sheela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present investigation focuses on the effect of Cr2AlC MAX phase addition on erosion and oxidation‐induced crack healing behavior of Ni–Mo–Al alloy. For this, Ni–Mo–Al and 20 wt% Cr2AlC‐blended Ni–Mo–Al powders were coated by Air Plasma Spray (APS). For oxidation‐induced crack healing studies, the samples were heat treated at 500, 800, and 1100°C in the air for 5 hours. The heat‐treated samples were analyzed by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for the phases, morphology, and composition. Erosion behavior studies were carried out at 30, 250, 500, 800, and 1000°C temperatures. The average hardness was obtained to be 400 ± 10 HV for Ni–Mo–Al coating and 580 ± 10 HV for 20 wt% Cr2AlC‐blended Ni–Mo–Al coating. The addition of Cr2AlC MAX into Ni–Mo–Al matrix reduces the overall erosion rate and improved the crack healing ability. This was attributed to the presence of in‐situ‐formed Cr7C3 and Al2O3 phases.
Equity‐based incentives and shareholder say‐on‐pay
Authors: Collins Denton , Marquardt Blair B. , Niu Xu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study the relationship between CEO pay‐performance sensitivity, pay‐risk sensitivity, and shareholder voting outcomes as part of the “say‐on‐pay” provision of the 2010 US Dodd‐Frank Act. Consistent with our hypothesis, we provide evidence that shareholders tend to approve of compensation packages that are more sensitive to changes in stock price (pay‐performance sensitivity). Our findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that outside owners approve of equity incentives as a means of aligning managers' interests with those of shareholders. We also document that future changes to equity‐based incentives are related to voting outcomes and that shareholders incorporate CFO incentives into their votes. Collectively, these results provide evidence of the importance of equity‐based incentives from the perspective of those most concerned with firm value and of the effectiveness of say‐on‐pay as a governance mechanism.
The complexity of exchange: Wheat markets, petty‐commodity producers and the emergence of commercial capital in colonial Punjab
Authors: Jan Muhammad Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper questions the orthodox Marxist view of merchant capital as “unproductive,” by highlighting the importance of traders in subsuming the countryside to the logic of capital. However, it also argues that in order to properly understand the role played by traders in agrarian change, critical Marxist scholarship on merchant capital needs to recognize the complex marketing systems in which traders and farmers operate. These markets have their own internal relations, organizational and institutional logic which in turn is tied to the specificity of the commodity. Using wheat markets in colonial Punjab as a case study, it then utilizes the framework of complex marketing systems to highlight the range of firms and farms that operated in these markets; the importance of personal relations and informal institutions of family, caste, and religion for establishing trust; and the class stratified nature of market participants. It was from within these informally organized markets that commercial capital first emerged in colonial Punjab. By creatively combining the concept of commercial capital with markets as complex systems, it hopes to provide a richer framework for the study of agrarian change in diverse contexts.
“It is two worlds” cross‐sectoral nurse collaboration related to care transitions: A qualitative study
Authors: Petersen Helle Vendel , Foged Signe , Nørholm Vibeke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how the hospital and home care nurses talk about and experience cross‐sectoral collaboration related to the transitional care of frail older patients.BackgroundEffective communication and collaboration between nurses involved in care transition are crucial for a safe patient handover. Organisational systems to support cross‐sectoral collaboration have been developed but do not always promote the intended dialogue and precise and useful exchange of information. Other factors may also be of importance to an effective and constructive cross‐sectoral nurse collaboration.DesignA qualitative design using thematic analysis.MethodsData were extracted from 24 focus group interviews conducted with registered nurses from eight hospital wards and six municipalities and a total of 165 hr of observations conducted in three hospital wards and three municipalities. The study was reported according to the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThe perception of nursing and care differed across sectors. The nurses expressed having shared goals for the patients—however, these goals derived from different values, the perception of nursing and approach to the patients. The lack of knowledge of each other's working conditions created assumptions and preconceptions, which affected communication and collaboration related to planning and executing care transition negatively.ConclusionsThe nurses perceived the hospital and home care as" two worlds". The collaboration between the nurses was characterised by insufficient communication and preconceptions rather than concrete knowledge and different cultures and professional identities. It can be questioned whether cross‐sectoral collaboration between nurses should be characterised as interprofessional rather than intraprofessional collaboration as the features of the nurses' collaboration.Relevance to clinical practiceOrganisational and political systems should recognise that nurses in different sectors are taking care of various aspects of nursing when planning on policies to support cross‐sectoral collaboration. More possibilities for nurses across sectors to meet should be made available.
Nurses’ professional values: Influences of experience and ethics education
Authors: Monroe Heidi A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo measure the professional values of registered nurses and determine whether these values are significantly related to postlicensure ethics education and years of experience.BackgroundNursing guilds in many countries reference the American Nurses Association's code of ethics to define expected professional nursing values. Strong professional values contribute to high‐quality patient care and are influenced by complex practice environments.DesignCausal‐comparative design.MethodsA convenience sample of actively licensed registered nurses in Washington State, United States of America, participated in an electronically administered survey (N = 2,439). Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and correlation. Reporting utilised the STROBE checklist.ResultsResults suggested values of highest and lowest importance to nurses. Scores varied significantly based on years of nursing experience; a higher score indicated stronger orientation toward professional nursing values. Nurses with experience of 10 years or more had the highest scores. There was a modest, positive relationship between professional values and amount of time spent in postlicensure ethics education.ConclusionsProfessional values of Washington State nurses are similar to other nurses in national and global workforces. Results suggest key areas of strength in nurses’ professional values and areas needing additional focus and support. Professional values are highest among nurses with longer practice experience and among nurses who have had increased ethics education.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of nurses’ priority values can assist leaders and educators to identify areas of needed support among nursing staff members. Organisational commitment to support of nurses’ professional values through investment in ethics education may produce positive enduring consequences, such as workplace retention and high‐quality patient care. Healthcare leaders and clinical educators who promote ethics education may help to mitigate negative effects of morally challenging situations, such as moral distress and work leaving.
Contextual factors triggering placebo and nocebo effects in nursing practice: Findings from a national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Cadorin Lucia , Testa Marco , Geri Tommaso , Colloca Luana , Rossettini Giacomo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe contextual factors (CFs) used by nurses to increase placebo and to prevent nocebo effects.BackgroundPlacebo effects have been studied in the nursing discipline, but nocebo effects still remain unexplored. Recently, a set of CFs functioning as triggers of placebo/nocebo effects has been described; however, its use in daily care has never been documented to date.DesignA national cross‐sectional survey, according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys guidelines and STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), was performed in 2016.MethodsA wide sample of Italian nurses belonging to four national associations was involved. A questionnaire based on CFs literature was developed and administered through the SurveyMonkey Software® exploring: (a) CFs definition, (b) beliefs, (c) case‐by‐case frequency of use, (d) circumstances of application, (e) clinical conditions where participants perceived their potential beneficial effects, (f) ethical implications and (g) communication issues with the patient.ResultsOut of 1,411 eligible nurses, 455 answered (32.2%) and 425 questionnaires (30.1%) were valid for the analysis. A total of 211 nurses (49.6%) defined the CFs as an intervention with a possible aspecific effect; participants believed in the CFs (2.91; 95%CI 2.88–2.94), using them >2 times/month, mainly in addition to a nursing intervention to optimise clinical outcomes (n = 79; 18.6%). Psychological and physiological therapeutic effects have been perceived mainly in chronic pain (n = 259; 60.9%) and insomnia (n = 243; 57.2%). According to participants, CFs have been reported as ethically acceptable when exerting beneficial psychological effects (n = 148; 34.8%); however, 103 (24.2%) of nurses did not communicate to the patient when CFs were used.ConclusionsNurses are aware of CFs as elements to increase the placebo and prevent the nocebo effects in concomitance with evidence‐based nursing interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe CFs valued by nurses and experienced as effective are mainly based upon the internal quality of the nurse and the quality of the relationship between the nurse and the patient. These qualities require a large personal investment; therefore, nurses should be supported in developing these qualities since their nursing graduation.
HBV T1719G mutation reduced HBV replication through mutant Enh II and HBx protein in vitro
Authors: Jiao Fengping , Shen Congle , Ning Jing , Zhang Ting , Chen Xiangmei , Lu Fengmin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIt was repeatedly reported that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) T1719G mutation was very common and related to progression and malignancy of liver disease. However, its effect on viral replication efficiency remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the function and mechanisms of the T1719G mutation on viral replication capacity. Wild‐type and T1719G mutation‐bearing HBV1.2× plasmids were transfected into Huh7 and HepG2 cells, respectively, and HBV total RNA, 3.5 kb RNA and supernatant HBV DNA were assessed using real‐time PCR, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels were measured by time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay. In order to assess Enh II activity and the binding capacity of HNF3β to Enh II sequence, dual‐luciferase assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐PCR were employed, respectively. Simultaneously, the HBx or HBx‐mut (T1719G) plasmid was co‐transfected to evaluate the effect of HBx on viral replication. Our results showed that the T1719G mutation impaired viral replication efficacy compared with the wild type both by reducing Enh II activity and binding capacity of HNF3β with Enh II. And such reduction caused by T1719G mutation could be rescued by HBx protein. Our results show that the T1719G mutation decreases HBV viral replication capacity possibly by mutant HBx protein and altered Enh II activity.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy‐guided fluid management in peritoneal dialysis patients with residual kidney function: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoon Hye Eun , Kwon Young Joo , Shin Seok Joon , Lee So‐Young , Lee Sangho , Kim Su‐Hyun , Lee Eun Young , Shin Sug Kyun , Kim Yong‐Soo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAimBioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) allows volume status to be assessed objectively. This study evaluated the effect of BIS‐guided fluid management on residual kidney function (RKF), volume status, and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsA multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted over 12 months in 2013–2017. Non‐anuric PD patients (urine volume ≥ 500 mL/day) were randomized to clinical method‐guided management (n = 98) or BIS‐guided management (n = 103). The volume in the BIS group was controlled with BIS, with the aim of achieving the target overhydration (OH) goal of −2.0 to +2.0 L. The volume in the control group was controlled by clinical assessment alone. The groups were compared in terms of change in RKF and volume status at 12 months relative to baseline and in terms of cardiovascular event rates during a median follow‐up period of 36 months.ResultsCompared with the controls, the BIS group did not show a significant improvement in change in OH, after adjustments were made for covariates (P = 0.191). The two groups did not differ in terms of delta OH, renal creatinine and urea clearance, and 24 h urine volume. The control and BIS groups also did not differ significantly in terms of change in peritoneal ultrafiltration volume, blood pressure, body weight and echocardiographic variables or in cardiovascular event rates (10.2% vs 11.3%; P = 0.953).ConclusionBioimpedance spectroscopy‐guided fluid management did not show an additional benefit to achieve euvolemia, and did not affect the decline in RKF in non‐anuric PD patients.