bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic valve hemodynamics in atrial fibrillation: Should the highest Doppler signal be used to estimate severity of aortic stenosis?
Authors: Alsidawi Said , Khan Sana , Pislaru Sorin V. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. 
Published: May 2018

Grading severity of AS in AF is complicated by varying stroke volumes associated with fluctuating maximum velocities and pressure gradients across the aortic valve. Current guidelines recommend averaging five continuous‐wave peak velocity and mean gradient (MG) Doppler signals across the aortic valve when estimating severity of AS in AF. However, it is unknown when grading severity of AS how the average of multiple Doppler signals vs the highest Doppler signal in AF compares to the Doppler signals when the patient is in normal sinus rhythm. We present a series of patients with AS who had two echocardiograms performed within 2‐4 months of each other, one when in normal sinus rhythm and one when in AF, and compare the aortic valve hemodynamics associated with the two rhythms.
Comparison of transplant‐specific prognostic scoring systems in haploidentical transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Shin Seung‐Hwan , Jeon Young‐Woo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Yahng Seung‐Ah , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Lee Seok , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Jong‐Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Kim Yoo‐Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe intended to identify the predictive abilities of recently published transplant‐specific prognostic scoring systems in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) receiving haploidentical transplantation.MethodsThe outcomes of 73 patients with MDS receiving haploidentical transplantation were analyzed, according to the MTPSS, the TRI, and the CIBMTR scoring systems.ResultsThe median age of patients at transplantation was 50 (range, 19‐69) years. The IPSS‐R cytogenetic risks of very good/good, intermediate, and poor/very poor were, respectively, observed in 35 (48.0%), 25 (34.2%), and 13 (17.8%) patients, including 4 (5.5%) with a monosomal karyotype. Pretransplant treatment failure and high (≥3) HCT‐CI were observed in 30 (41.1%) and 35 (48.0%) patients, respectively. With survivor’s median follow‐up of 42.3 months, the overall survival rate at 4 years of all patients was 65.5% (95% CI, 52.4‐75.9). The MTPSS (100%, 77.3%, 62.5%, and 42.0% at 4 years; P = .02) and the TRI (100%, 79.9%, 76.0%, and 17.1% at 4 years; P < .01) differentiate proportionally overall survival rates according to their 4 risk groups, whereas the CIBMTR scoring system did not (P = .17).ConclusionsOur results suggest the potential ability of the MPTSS and the TRI as prognostic tools for patients with MDS receiving haploidentical transplantation.
Status epilepticus associated with acute encephalitis: long‐term follow‐up of functional and cognitive outcomes in 72 patients
Authors: Chen W. , Su Y. , Jiang M. , Liu G. , Tian F. , Ren G. 
Published: May 2018

Background and purposeContinued care in patients with encephalitis and prolonged status epilepticus (SE) is controversial. Limited data are available on the functional and cognitive outcomes.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study from 2007 to 2016, patients with acute encephalitis and SE were reviewed. Long‐term outcomes including motor disability (modified Rankin Scale, mRS), daily living skills (activities of daily living, ADL), cognitive ability (modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, TICS‐M) and epilepsy sequelae were evaluated in survivors at the 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt the 12‐month follow‐up, 72 patients were recruited who got a median score of 14 on the total ADL. 68% patients remained independent in their daily activities (mRS ≤ 2). Post‐SE symptomatic epilepsy was observed in 49% of patients. Sixty‐two patients achieved a median score of 40 on the TICS‐M and 14 on the TICS‐M Memory. Patients with autoimmune encephalitis were less prone to post‐SE symptomatic epilepsy (18% vs. 58%, P = 0.005) but had lower TICS‐M Memory score than those with viral encephalitis (8.5 vs. 15, P = 0.017). Compared to non‐refractory status epilepticus (non‐RSE), patients with RSE had a longer stay in the neurocritical care unit (39 vs. 26, P = 0.002), more in‐hospital complications and post‐SE symptomatic epilepsy (67% vs. 33%, P = 0.005). Long‐term outcomes including ADL, mRS and TICS‐M were not significantly different between patients with RSE and non‐RSE or between patients with long (≥4 h) and short (<4 h) duration of SE.ConclusionsSurvival with favorable functional recovery was promising after prolonged RSE in patients with acute encephalitis.
Can quantitative computed tomography detect bone morphological changes associated with catastrophic proximal sesamoid bone fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses?
Authors: Cresswell E. N. , McDonough S. P. , Palmer S. E. , Hernandez C. J. , Reesink H. L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundFracture of the proximal sesamoid bones continues to be the most common fatal musculoskeletal injury in US racehorses. Identifying factors that influence fracture risk could lead to screening techniques to reduce catastrophic injury rates and improve animal welfare.ObjectivesTo identify morphological differences between proximal sesamoid bones of the contralateral limb of fracture and control horses and assess the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) to detect traits associated with proximal sesamoid bone fracture. We hypothesised that horses with proximal sesamoid bone fracture would have greater bone density.Study designCross‐sectional cadaver morphological study.MethodsProximal sesamoid bone morphology was measured using high‐resolution micro‐CT images from 16 Thoroughbred racehorses (eight fracture, eight control) euthanised on New York racetracks. Nominal logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves were created to assess the ability of CT‐derived morphological traits to accurately classify fracture horses vs. controls.ResultsBone volume fraction was greater in the fracture group (90.39 ± 1.76%) as compared to controls (87.20 ± 2.79%, P<0.0001). Bone volume fraction, bone width, trabecular thickness and degree of anisotropy were significantly different between fracture and control horses. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that a combined model that incorporates bone volume fraction and width can identify fracture from control horses with an area under the curve of 0.938, indicating high accuracy at classifying fracture horses from controls.Main limitationsThe number of horses per group is small, although the total number of sesamoids imaged is reasonable (n = 62). In vivo CT at the resolution performed in this study is currently unattainable; however, density and width could be measured with quantitative CT.ConclusionsDifferences in proximal sesamoid bone morphology were identified between fracture and control horses. As improved technology becomes accessible, quantitative CT could potentially be used as a clinical imaging technique to estimate proximal sesamoid bone fracture risk in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Peptidylarginine deiminases and deiminated proteins at the epidermal barrier
Authors: Cau Laura , Méchin Marie‐Claire , Simon Michel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeimination or citrullination is a post‐translational modification catalysed by a family of calcium‐dependent enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). It corresponds to the transformation of arginine residues within a peptide sequence into citrulline residues. Deimination induces a decreased net charge of targeted proteins; therefore, it alters their folding and changes intra‐ and intermolecular ionic interactions. Deimination is involved in several physiological processes (inflammation, gene regulation, etc.) and human diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.). Here, we describe the PADs expressed in the epidermis and their known substrates, focusing on their role in the epidermal barrier function.
Moderate weather extremes alter phytoplankton diversity—A microcosm study
Authors: Bergkemper Victoria , Stadler Peter , Weisse Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Moderate weather extremes are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity as a function of climate change. These extremes can result in sudden changes in temperature, light and nutrient levels, which may strongly affect the phytoplankton community in many lakes.

We conducted a microcosm experiment with eight freshwater algal species, representing different functional groups, to investigate the interactive effects of these environmental variables on a phytoplankton community typical of an oligo‐mesotrophic temperate lake.

We manipulated temperature (6, 16 and 26°C), light (18, 56, 132 μmol m−2 s−1) and soluble reactive phosphorus (0, 1, 5 μg/l) concentrations in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial design and analysed treatment effects on algal biomass, species diversity (SDiv) and functional diversity (FDiv).

Strong temperature variations affected phytoplankton biomass and diversity more strongly than moderate changes in nutrient and light levels. In particular, SDiv and FDiv decreased significantly with increasing temperatures.

Our results support earlier findings that lake warming favours heterotrophic bacteria, relative to phytoplankton.

We conclude that sudden temperature increases as they typically occur in temperate lakes during heat waves may decrease phytoplankton diversity, leading to altered ecosystem functioning. In contrast, heavy rain events usually characterised by decreasing levels of temperature and light intensities, concurrent with increases in nutrient concentrations, may sustain high phytoplankton diversity.
Constraining estimates of global soil respiration by quantifying sources of variability
Authors: Jian Jinshi , Steele Meredith K. , Thomas R. Quinn , Day Susan D. , Hodges Steven C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying global soil respiration (RSG) and its response to temperature change are critical for predicting the turnover of terrestrial carbon stocks and their feedbacks to climate change. Currently, estimates of RSG range from 68 to 98 Pg C year−1, causing considerable uncertainty in the global carbon budget. We argue the source of this variability lies in the upscaling assumptions regarding the model format, data timescales, and precipitation component. To quantify the variability and constrain RSG, we developed RSG models using Random Forest and exponential models, and used different timescales (daily, monthly, and annual) of soil respiration (RS) and climate data to predict RSG. From the resulting RSG estimates (range = 66.62–100.72 Pg), we calculated variability associated with each assumption. Among model formats, using monthly RS data rather than annual data decreased RSG by 7.43–9.46 Pg; however, RSG calculated from daily RS data was only 1.83 Pg lower than the RSG from monthly data. Using mean annual precipitation and temperature data instead of monthly data caused +4.84 and −4.36 Pg C differences, respectively. If the timescale of RS data is constant, RSG estimated by the first‐order exponential (93.2 Pg) was greater than the Random Forest (78.76 Pg) or second‐order exponential (76.18 Pg) estimates. These results highlight the importance of variation at subannual timescales for upscaling to RSG. The results indicated RSG is lower than in recent papers and the current benchmark for land models (98 Pg C year−1), and thus may change the predicted rates of terrestrial carbon turnover and the carbon to climate feedback as global temperatures rise.
Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma of bone with FUS–TFCP2 fusion: confirmation of a very recently described rhabdomyosarcoma subtype
Authors: Dashti Nooshi K , Wehrs Rebecca N , Thomas Brittany C , Nair Asha , Davila Jaime , Buckner Jan C , Martinez Anthony P , Sukov William R , Halling Kevin C , Howe Benjamin M , Folpe Andrew L 
Published: May 2018

AimsRhabdomyosarcomas of bone are extremely rare, with fewer than 10 reported cases. A very rare subtype of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma harbouring a FUS–TFCP2 fusion and involving both soft tissue and bone locations has been reported very recently. We report only the fourth case of this unusual, clinically aggressive rhabdomyosarcoma.Material and resultsA previously well 72‐year‐old male presented with a destructive lesion of the mandible. Morphological and immunohistochemical study of a needle biopsy and the subsequent resection showed a spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. RNA‐seq, RT–PCR and FISH confirmed the presence of the FUS–TFCP2 fusion.ConclusionsSpindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas carrying the FUS–TFCP2 fusion are very rare rhabdomyosarcoma variants with osseous predilection. The classification and differential diagnosis of this unusual molecular variant of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma are discussed.
Duplicated major histocompatibility complex class II genes in the tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Authors: Li C. , Jiang J. , Zhang Q. , Wang X. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule plays an important role in the vertebrate immune system. However, we have a limited understanding of the MHC genomic structure in teleosts. Using gene cloning and family analysis, we isolate the MHC class II genes in the tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and find that both class II A and class II B genes are duplicated (named Cyse‐DAA and Cyse‐DBA, Cyse‐DAB and Cyse‐DBB, respectively). The class II A genes consist of four exons with a highly conserved genomic structure, but each gene has unique and defining exon 2 and intron 2 sequences. The class II B genes have a conserved six‐exon genomic structure, with intron 3 splitting the β2 encoding region into two exons. Each class II B gene has unique variations in exon 2 and intron 1 sequences. The two class II A genes have similar expression patterns among tissues, with high levels in spleen and gill. Both class II B genes have similar patterns, with high expression in spleen, gill and intestine. The alleles of MHC class II have wide distribution and reliable inheritance in the families analysed. This indicates that the duplicated MHC genes are all classical class II genes. The class II gene duplication with divergent exon and intron sequences, but similar expression patterns in tongue sole provides new insights into MHC evolution.
Primary whole‐gland ablation for localized prostate cancer with high‐intensity focused ultrasound: The important predictors of biochemical recurrence
Authors: Chen Po Yen , Chiang Po Hui , Liu Yi Yang , Chuang Yao Chi , Cheng Yuan Tso 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo identify predictive factors of biochemical recurrence for patients undergoing high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment for localized prostate cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients receiving whole‐gland prostate ablation with high‐intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer from 2009 to 2015. All the patients received pre‐high‐intensity focused ultrasound radical transurethral resection of the prostate. We included perioperative parameters as follows: age, preoperative prostate volume, stage of operation, initial prostate‐specific antigen, T stage, postoperative prostate‐specific antigen nadir, Gleason score, time to prostate‐specific antigen nadir and the presence of prostate‐specific antigen biochemical recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used for investigating predictors of recurrence, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for the cut‐off values of prostate‐specific antigen nadir.ResultsAmong 182 patients, 26.9% had prostate‐specific antigen biochemical recurrence after high‐intensity focused ultrasound during the median follow‐up period of 32.21 months. Gleason score ≥7 (Gleason score 7, hazard ratio 2.877, P = 0.027), stage ≥T2b (T2b, hazard ratio 3.16, P = 0.027) and prostate‐specific antigen nadir (hazard ratio 1.11, P < 0.001) were statistically significant, whereas there was no significance in prostate volume and initial prostate‐specific antigen. We posit that a cut‐off level of prostate‐specific antigen nadir 0.43 ng/mL might be considered as an independent predictive factor for prostate‐specific antigen biochemical recurrence in high‐intensity focused ultrasound patients in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001, hazard ratio 7.39, 95% confidence interval 3.56–15.37), and created a new nadir‐related prediction model for biochemical recurrence prediction.ConclusionsPostoperative prostate‐specific antigen nadir of 0.43 ng/mL can be considered an important predictive factor for biochemical recurrence in primary whole‐prostate gland high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment, and the nadir‐related prediction model might provide a reference for early salvage treatment. Furthermore, Gleason score ≥7, stage ≥T2b might be associated with unfavorable outcomes, although prostate volume and higher initial prostate‐specific antigen appear not to be associated with biochemical recurrence for the high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment.
Ultrasonography for noninvasive and real‐time evaluation of peri‐implant tissue dimensions
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Sinjab Khaled , Li Junying , Chen Zhaozhao , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kripfgans Oliver D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimExisting methods for evaluating marginal bone loss and tissue biotype around dental implants present with many limitations. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of high‐resolution, 3‐dimensional ultrasound to measure peri‐implant tissue dimensions.Material and MethodsA 25‐MHz ultrasound probe prototype was used to scan peri‐implant tissues of 17 implants from seven fresh human cadavers. Four ultrasonic measurements were made as follows: the marginal bone level/thickness, and mucosal level/thickness. The readings were statistically compared to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and/or open bone measurements.ResultsThe correlations (r) between the ultrasound and direct/CBCT readings of the four parameters ranged from 0.85 to 0.98 (p < 0.0001). The mean absolute difference in the four parameters between ultrasound‐direct and ultrasound‐CBCT ranged from 0.033 to 0.24 mm.ConclusionEncouraging evidence is shown that ultrasound can accurately measure peri‐implant tissue dimensions. Following clinical trial validations, ultrasound offers potential as a valuable tool to evaluate long‐term peri‐implant tissue stability without concerns of ionizing radiation and image artefacts around implants.
Sinus augmentation using rhBMP‐2/ACS in a mini‐pig model: Influence of an adjunctive ceramic bone biomaterial
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Lee Jaebum , Fiorini Tiago , de Freitas Rubens Moreno , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Prasad Hari S. , Buxton Amanda N. , Wikesjö Ulf ME 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP‐2/ACS) has been shown to support significant bone formation when used to augment the maxillary sinus for implant dentistry. Nevertheless, bone biomaterials have been suggested to extend rhBMP‐2/ACS with limited support of the merits of such approaches.ObjectivesTo evaluate local bone formation/dental implant osseointegration following implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS combined with a ceramic bone biomaterial using a mini‐pig sinus augmentation model.MethodsTwelve adult Göttingen mini‐pigs received rhBMP‐2/ACS (rhBMP‐2 adjusted to 0.43 mg/cc) alone or combined with an off‐the‐shelf biphasic ceramic (15%/85% HA/ß‐TCP) biomaterial at 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 ratios randomized to contra‐lateral maxillary sinus sites yielding rhBMP‐2/ACS fractions of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively. A 4‐cc implant volume was used for all sites. Two threaded dental implants (ø4.0 × 11.5 mm) were placed at each site. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks for histologic analysis.ResultsSurgical execution and healing were generally uneventful, infraorbital local swelling was observed in all animals until suture removal. rhBMP‐2/ACS combined with the ceramic biomaterial did not significantly enhance local bone formation (range 9.0 ± 1.5 to 9.7 ± 2.1 mm) compared with rhBMP‐2/ACS alone (8.6 ± 1.1 mm; p > 0.05). Variations in rhBMP‐2/ACS to ceramic matrix ratios yielding rhBMP‐2 doses approximating 0.4, 0.9, 1.3 and 1.7 mg/sinus did not appreciably influence bone formation/osseointegration.ConclusionsWhereas rhBMP‐2/ACS supports significant bone formation/osseointegration in the mini‐pig sinus augmentation model and thus appears an effective alternative for sinus augmentation procedures, adding a ceramic biomaterial to rhBMP‐2/ACS does not produce meaningful biological advantages.
Effect of guava and vitamin C supplementation on experimental gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Amaliya Amaliya , Risdiana Ajeng S. , Van der Velden Ubele 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of guava and synthetic vitamin C on the development of gingival inflammation during experimental gingivitis.Material and methodsParticipants were randomly assigned to three groups supplemented daily with either 200 g guava, 200 mg synthetic vitamin C or water. The study included a 14 days pre‐experimental period with oral hygiene instructions, scaling, prophylaxis and supplementation. Thereafter, experiment gingivitis was initiated, while continuing supplementation. At baseline, Day 7 and Day 14 of experimental gingivitis, Plaque Index (PlI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. During the entire study, dietary fruit/vegetables intake was minimal.ResultsPlI increased in guava, vitamin C and control group (ΔPlI: 1.30, 1.61 and 1.79, respectively). However, the guava group developed significantly less plaque compared to the control group. The GI increase in both guava and vitamin C group was significantly less than the increase in the control group (ΔGI: 0.10, 0.24 and 0.87, respectively).ConclusionIn a population of young nonsmoking adults, consumption of either 200 g guava/day or 200 mg synthetic vitamin C/day, prior to and during the oral hygiene abstention period, has a preventive effect on the development of experimental gingivitis as compared to the control group that developed the usual amount of experimental gingivitis.
Antepartum Care of Women Who Are Obese During Pregnancy: Systematic Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Carlson Nicole S. , Leslie Sharon Lynn , Dunn Alexis 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionNearly 40% of US women of childbearing age are obese. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with multiple risks for both the woman and fetus, yet clinicians often feel unprepared to provide optimal antepartum care for this group of women. We collected and reviewed current evidence concerning antepartum care of women who are obese during pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. Current evidence relating to the pregnancy care of women with a prepregnancy body mass index of 30kg/m2 or higher was identified using MEDLINE databases via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection between January 2012 and February 2018.ResultsA total of 354 records were located after database searches, of which 63 met inclusion criteria. Topic areas for of included studies were: pregnancy risk and outcomes related to obesity, communication between women and health care providers, gestational weight gain and activity/diet, diabetic disorders, hypertensive disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, mental health, pregnancy imaging and measurement, late antepartum care, and preparation for labor and birth.DiscussionMidwives and other health care providers can provide better antepartum care to women who are obese during pregnancy by incorporating evidence from the most current clinical investigations.