bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological studies of the cadaveric sclera after nonpenetrating sclerotomy by ND: YAG laser
Authors: Sineok A. E. , Zolotarev A. V. , Nikolaeva G. A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: to reveal the changes of the morphological structure of cadaveric human sclera after Nd: YAG laser irradiation.Material and methods. Laser pulses (Nd: YAG) (Lumenis) (power 7.0–7.4 mW, pulse duration 4 ns, wavelength 1064 nm) were applied to the sclera of an isolated eyeball at a distance of 4 to 8 mm from the limbus. Three irradiation types were used: one series of single pulses, a series of triple pulses, and a series of six pulses.Results. Incisions created with single pulses showed insignificant surface defects of the sclera. In triple pulses, the defect of the anterior layers of the sclera capture affected 15 % of the scleral thickness, and in six pulses the defect reached 30 % of the scleral thickness.Conclusions. To achieve a punctate hole in the sclera, a single Nd: YAG pulse is insufficient. To obtain a significant depth of scleral incision at least a triple pulse is needed, which must be taken into account in clinical practice as well as in assessing the results of Nd: YAG laser impact on the rigidity of the sclera.
The association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions and drowning in Bangladesh
Authors: Jagnoor Jagnoor , Gupta Medhavi , Ul Baset Kamran , Ryan Daniel , Ivers Rebecca , Rahman Aminur 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The present study investigated associations between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors and fatal and non-fatal drowning events in Bangladesh. Here, we report findings from a large household survey (89,700) conducted in Barisal Division of Bangladesh. Univariate analyses showed that the use of surface water rather than piped water was associated with an increased risk of both fatal and non-fatal drowning events. Additionally, increased risk of non-fatal drowning events was associated with shared toilet facilities, lack of toilet facilities and non-cemented flooring such as bamboo and wood. The WASH measures reduce the need to access exposure to open water, thus reducing drowning events.
Weather, environmental conditions, and waterborne Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Iqaluit, Nunavut
Authors: Masina Stephanie , Shirley Jamal , Allen Jean , Sargeant Jan M. , Guy Rebecca A. , Wallis Peter M. , Scott Weese J. , Cunsolo Ashlee , Bunce Anna , Harper Sherilee L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Indigenous communities in the Arctic often face unique drinking water quality challenges related to inadequate infrastructure and environmental contamination; however, limited research exists on waterborne parasites in these communities. This study examined Giardia and Cryptosporidium in untreated surface water used for drinking in Iqaluit, Canada. Water samples (n = 55) were collected weekly from June to September 2016 and tested for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exact logistic regressions were used to examine associations between parasite presence and environmental exposure variables. Using microscopy, 20.0% of samples tested positive for Giardia (n = 11) and 1.8% of samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium (n = 1). Low water temperatures (1.1 to 6.7 °C) and low air temperatures (−0.1 to 4.5 °C) were significantly associated with an increased odds of parasite presence (p = 0.047, p = 0.041, respectively). These results suggest that surface water contamination with Giardia and Cryptosporidium may be lower in Iqaluit than in other Canadian regions; however, further research should examine the molecular characterization of waterborne parasites to evaluate the potential human health implications in Northern Canada.
Water saving and productivity benefits of SRI: a study of tank, canal and groundwater irrigated settings in South India
Authors: Narayanamoorthy A. , Jothi P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Paddy, which is predominantly cultivated under the conventional inundation method, is the largest water consuming crop in India. Given looming water scarcity, the inundation method of paddy cultivation is no longer sustainable. A newly introduced method of paddy cultivation, popularly known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is reportedly helping to reduce water consumption and increase land productivity. SRI has now been in practice for some years in India but the various impacts of SRI on water saving, land and water productivity as well as on profitability which are expected to vary in different ecological settings – namely in tank, canal and groundwater irrigated areas – remain largely unexplored. In this study, using data collected from a total sample of 300 farmers from three different settings in Tamil Nadu state, an attempt has been made to fill this gap. The study shows that by adopting the SRI method farmers can save about 40% of irrigation water and increase land productivity by about 46% while reducing the cost of cultivation by 23% over the conventional inundation method. While increasing irrigation water productivity and economic water productivity substantially, SRI also generates an additional profit of Rs 17,169/acre (1 USD = INR 70.12; 1 acre = 4047 m2) compared to that realised by non-SRI farmers.
Occurrence and removal of acesulfame and sucralose in the drinking water treatment plants along the Yangtze River
Authors: Wang Chen , Zheng Qi , Yang Xiaoqiu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) are ideal sewage markers for drinking water. In this paper, 33 samples were collected from eight cities' drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) along the Yangtze River to analyse the occurrence and removal of ACE and SUC. These two compounds were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for ACE and SUC were 1.75 ng/L and 0.03 ng/L, respectively. The results showed that ACE and SUC existed widely in DWTPs along the Yangtze River. The concentration of ACE was 13–320 ng/L and the concentration of SUC was 200–1,592 ng/L. In general, the concentrations of ACE and SUC increased from upstream to downstream but decreased after water treatment procedures at every DWTP. In most DWTPs, a 9–30% removal of ACE and SUC was achieved using traditional chlorination disinfection technology. Ozonation combined with granular activated carbon filtration techniques had a high removal efficiency (63.8% for ACE and 50.2% for SUC).
E assim a Música caminhou pelo Brasil...
Authors: Da Silva Soares de Oliveira Luiz Pedro , Rodrigues Marinéa Figueira 
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a importância da música como ferramenta de ensino em nossas escolas, ressaltando um breve histórico do seu ensino através dos tempos, dando destaque ao cenário brasileiro. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, com renomados autores no assunto. A pesquisa pretendeu contar um breve relato da história da música, afirmando a sua relevância na realidade escolar.
The Cognitive Profile of Persons with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ekman Elizabeth , Hiltunen Arto J. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often comorbid with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). But to what extent can obsessional symptoms in individuals with ASD be considered “genuinely” comorbid OCD – or are there other mechanisms that are related to ASD? Which mechanisms in OCD with and without ASD share common features? People with ASD have a cognitive profile characterized by “mindblindness”; the antecedent is often referred to in terms of not knowing how to perform or behave and this is the cause of discomfort. This raises the question whether individuals with ASD and comorbid OCD share the same cognitive elements of responsibility interpretation and the same fear of causing harm as individuals who merely have OCD.Objective:The aim of the present study is therefore to evaluate the extent of responsibility interpretation in individuals with OCD alone compared with people experiencing OCD in the context of ASD.Methods:Two instruments, the Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS) and the Responsibility Interpretations Questionnaire (RIQ), were administered to three groups of participants: (i) individuals diagnosed with OCD (n = 32); (ii) individuals with ASD and OCD (n = 19); and (iii) non-clinical control participants (n = 23).Results:Results indicate significant differences in all measures of responsibility belief (interpretation of obsession and assumption of responsibility) between the OCD-only group and the two other groups.Conclusion:The conclusion is that OCD in people with ASD is not as “genuine” as in people with only OCD, according to cognitive behavioral theory of OCD.
Serum Level of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule -1 (ESM -1) as a New Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity
Authors: Abdelsalam Noha , Mohamed Ashraf Hussein , Abdellatif Sameh , Eid Eslam , Rizk Ehsan Mohamed , Rizk Mohamed Anies 
Published: December 2018

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the joint cartilage and bone. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) in RA may be related to disease activity. Our objective is to explore serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) as a biomarker for RA disease activity.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out and included 83 adult patients with RA, in addition to 20 healthy subjects (age and sex-matched) as a control group. Based on Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS-28), the patient's group was subdivided into four subgroups(remission, mild, moderate and severe disease activity state). The demographic & clinical data, BMI, DAS-28 and Serological assessment [Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), CRP, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA)] were recorded. ESM-1was assayed for all participants.Results:Serum levels of ESM1 were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (P< 0.0001). ESM-1 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease activity subgroup compared with patients with remission and mild disease activity subgroups (P< 0.0001). ESM-1 was positively and significantly correlated with DAS-28 score, The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and modified Larsen score (P= 0.002, 0.0001 & 0.0001 respectively).Conclusion:ESM-1 could be a biomarker for RA disease activity.
Differences in SBP, BMI, and Stress with AUDIT Score in Adolescents
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young 
Published: December 2018

Background:Consumption of alcohol by adolescents is known to have negative effects on their psychological health (ie.g., depression and stress) and physical health.Objective:To investigate factors influencing systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and stress according to Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores among adolescents.Methods:This descriptive study included 535 adolescents younger than 20 years who participated in the Sixth National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in middle and high schools in 2013. Data collected were analyzed using PASW Statistics version 23.0.Results:Mean age of these subjects was 15.20 ± 0.08 years. There were 268 (51.0%) male students and 286 (48.6%) middle-school students. Their systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and stress scores were 108.79 ± 0.54 mmHg, 21.22 ± 0.19 kg/m2, and 2.06 ± 0.04, respectively. In low-risk group (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ≤ 7), sex (male) and body mass index explained 22.9% of the variance in systolic blood pressure model (WaldF= 35.28,p< 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was the only significant factor influencing body mass index, with an explanatory power of 16.4% (WaldF= 13.91,p< 0.001). Depression was a significant influencing variable for the stress model, with an explanatory power of 15.1% (WaldF= 16.20,p< 0.001). Stress was the only significant factor influencing the body mass index model in the high-risk group (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores > 7), with the explanatory power of 14.3% (WaldF= 4.14,p= 0.018).Conclusion:This study found that systolic blood pressure was an influencing factor of body mass index model in both groups while depression was the main factor influencing stress in low-risk group adolescents.
[68Ga]-Dota Peptide PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Main Clinical Applications
Authors: Giovannini Elisabetta , Giovacchini Giampiero , Borsò Elisa , Lazzeri Patrizia , Riondato Mattia , Leoncini Rossella , Duce Valerio , Ciarmiello Andrea 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) are generally defined as rare and heterogeneous
tumors. The gastrointestinal system is the most frequent site of NENs localization, however they
can be found in other anatomical regions, such as pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal
glands. Neuroendocrine neoplasms have significant clinical manifestations depending on the
production of active peptide.

Methods:
Imaging modalities play a fundamental role in initial diagnosis as well as in staging and
treatment monitoring of NENs, in particular they vastly enhance the understanding of the physiopathology
and diagnosis of NENs through the use of somatostatin analogue tracers labeled with appropriate
radioisotopes. Additionally, the use of somatostatin analogues provides the ability to in-vivo measure
the expression of somatostatin receptors on NEN cells, a process that might have important therapeutic
implications.

Results:
A large body of evidences showed improved accuracy of molecular imaging based on PET/CT
radiotracer with SST analogues (e.g. [68Ga]-DOTA peptide) for the detection of NEN lesions in comparison
to morphological imaging modalities. So far, the role of imaging technologies in assessing
treatment response is still under debate.

Conclusion:
This review offers the systems of classification and grading of NENs and summarizes the
more useful recommendations based on data recently published for the management of patients with
NENs, with special focus on the role of imaging modalities based on SST targeting with PET / CT
radiotracers.
A Numerical Investigation of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bhat Bharath K , Adhikari Raviraja , Acharya Kiran Kumar V 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction by anatomic method is the most popular method of reconstruction. This method of ACL reconstruction utilizes Anteromedial Portal (AMP) techniques.

Methods:
In this study, five human subjects with healthy knee joints were considered on which Lachman test was simulated. Traditional Transtibial (TT) and AMP techniques were simulated in this study. The mean value of Von – Mises stress on the ACL was calculated. ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft was simulated in a finite element analysis on four healthy human knee joints. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of knee joints of four healthy human subjects were analyzed in this study for statistical significance of the results. Both techniques were simulated in each of the subjects. The hamstring tendon graft used had a diameter of 9 mm. The tibial foot print was 44.6 ± 2.5% from the anterior margin and 48 ± 3% from the medial margin. The femoral foot print was calculated based on Mochizuki’s method at 38.7 ± 2.7% from the deep subchondral margin.

Results:
The obliquity of reconstructed – ACL (R – ACL) to the tibial plateau for AM technique was in the range of 51 to 58 degrees in the sagittal plane and 69 to 76 degrees in the coronal plane. In the case of TT technique, it was in the range of 59 to 69 degrees in the coronal plane and 72 to 78 degrees in the coronal plane in the femur. Similarly, the sagittal obliquity of R – ACL in the tibia was 55 degrees. The mean Von–Mises stress in the R – ACL for AMP technique was 17.74 ± 3.01 MPa. The stresses in the R – ACL for AMP technique is consistently near to the mean stress in the intact ACL. Whereas, stresses in the R – ACL used in TT technique are not consistently near to the stresses in the intact ACL of a healthy human knee joint.

Conclusion:
Hence, AMP technique is the better technique between AMP and TT techniques of ACL reconstruction.
Trypsin‐Immobilized Silica: A Novel Adsorbent for V(IV) and V(V) Removal from Water
Authors: Yayayürük Aslı Erdem , Shahwan Talal , Şanlı‐Mohamed Gülşah , Eroğlu Ahmet E. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn the present study, trypsin‐immobilized silica was employed for the removal of V(IV) and V(V) ions from water. The synthesized sorbent was first characterized and then investigated for the removal of V(IV) and V(V) under various experimental conditions. The adsorption performance of the sorbent was tested as a function of pH, sorbent amount, initial vanadium concentration, contact time, and temperature. The sorption process was then investigated, both from a kinetic perspective and also in terms of isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the best model to describe the sorption process. Sorption thermodynamics were spontaneous and exothermic. The proposed method was successfully applied to real samples for the removal of V(IV)and V(V) with sufficient accuracy and precision.
Biomass, Nitrogen Uptake and Content of Wolffia arrhiza Depends on Strength of Swine Lagoon Water
Authors: Chikuvire Tichaedza J. , Muchaonyerwa Pardon , Zengeni Rebecca 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTStudies focusing on manipulation of growth conditions for duckweed Wolffia arrhiza to promote biomass for crop nutrient supply, are scarce. The effects of swine lagoon water (SLW) concentration and its replenishment and harvest regimes on selected properties of W. arrhiza were investigated. Dry matter and average growth rate of W. arrhiza were not affected by SLW replenishment periods, whereas the properties decreased with increasing concentration of SLW. The carbon and carbon/nitrogen content increased as the period between solution replenishment increased and as SLW concentration declined from 15 to 5%. Harvesting regimes did not affect the nitrogen content and uptake of duckweed, , and mineral‐N of SLW. Harvesting duckweed once per week resulted in higher growth rate and biomass, compared with twice a week. Findings from this study suggest that W. arrhiza cultured on 10% SLW and harvested once a week yields biomass with nitrogen content suitable for crop nutrient supply.
Urban Flood Estimation and Evaluation of the Performance of an Urban Drainage System in a Semi‐Arid Urban Area Using SWMM
Authors: Rabori Ali Moafi , Ghazavi Reza 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEstimation of urban runoff peak and volume is a fundamental step in determining the transferring capacity of urban drainage systems. The main aim of this study was to present an application of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in order to estimate urban flooding of a semi‐arid area (Zanjan city in the northwest of Iran). The performance of an urban drainage system in the study area was also investigated. According to the results, SWMM is an effective tool for urban flood estimation in a semi‐arid area. In this study, urban peak flow was simulated via a calibrated model with acceptable accuracy. Based on the results of the model simulation, the capacity of the main canals in the study area is sufficient for peak runoff transferring for a design storm with 50 year return periods, without retrofitting. Whereas, based on local observation and model results, localized and surface flooding can be observed in some urban areas.
Evolution of Functional Bacteria in a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)‐Degrading Bioreactor
Authors: Wang Ruifei , Chen Xuanyu , Yang Qingxiang 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study a laboratory‐scale sequencing batch bioreactor was constructed, using phenanthrene/pyrene as the sole carbon‐source, to demonstrate the removal efficiencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the evolution process of a functional bacterial community. The removal rates were: COD, 51.4 to 76.3%; phenanthrene, 63.5 to 92.4%; and pyrene, 65.9 to 90.1%. Quantification analysis indicated that in sludge samples from the phenanthrene/pyrene degradation stage, the contents of 16S rRNA and ring‐hydroxylating dioxygenase genes of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were 10‐and 72‐, 102‐ and 1152‐, 31‐ and 905‐fold higher, respectively, than those in seed sludge samples. Clone sequencing and evolution analysis showed that genera Comamonas, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium were distributed across all samples and were significant PAH‐degrading populations, but some genera, such as Polaromonas and Nocardioides, were substantially enriched only when phenanthrene/pyrene was fed. Correspondingly, the functional genes nidA3, phnAc, and ndoC2 were distributed across all samples, whereas nagAc, pdoA2, and pdoA were enriched only when phenanthrene/pyrene was fed.
Design of Gravel‐Sand Filter for Arsenic Removal: A Case Study of Muzaffargarh District in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Yasir , Majeed Sahresh , Ali Shafqat , Ahmad Hafiz Badaruddin , Akhtar Naeem , Yokota Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTArsenic decontamination of drinking water has grabbed significant attention due to arsenic's serious effects on health. A novel gravel‐sand filter (GSF) holding zero‐valent iron plates was designed and constructed in Muzaffargarh district (Pakistan) for arsenic removal from drinking water with lower iron concentration (0.3 ppm). The GSF efficiently removed arsenic up to 99.99% with long‐term stability. The GSF provides 800 liters of arsenic‐free drinking water in 39 hours with a rate of 2.5 L/h. A tentative mechanism for arsenic removal is evaluated and described on the basis of oxidation‐coagulation‐adsorption processes. Chemical composition of underground water is also analyzed and discussed. This GSF design will open a new avenue for arsenic removal and can be extended to other parts of the world.
Sewer Sediment Bacterial Communities Suggest Potential to Transform Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Krumins Valdis , Sun Weimin , Guo Jia , Capozzi Staci , Fennell Donna E. , Rodenburg Lisa A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSediments of combined sewers are seeded with microbes from a variety of sources, and experience varying biogeochemical conditions. A variety of redox processes have been demonstrated to occur within sewer systems, as well as transformation of several recalcitrant xenobiotic contaminants. Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from sediments of three combined sewer systems in the northeastern United States resulted in 10 000 to 47 000 operational taxonomic units per sample. Whereas orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, considered human fecal indicators, were dominant in one city's sediments; other cities had communities suggestive of diverse redox processes, including reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds. Collection systems previously associated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) biotransformation, and those with elevated in situ PCB concentrations, had high abundances of Dehalococcoidetes. The results suggest that wastewater collection systems have intrinsic passive treatment capacity, reducing contaminant loads on water resource recovery facilities and, ultimately, on receiving waters.