bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances of Microfluidics in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Zhong Qifeng , Ding Haibo , Gao Bingbing , He Zhenzhu , Gu Zhongze 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs an enabling technique, microfluidic systems have developed rapidly in recent years to emerge as a powerful tool in the field of biomedical engineering. Microfluidics enables miniaturized, integratable, high‐throughput and automated biochemical analysis, fabrication of biomaterials with precisely controlled structures and compositions, and construction of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with specific organ features and functions. Recent advances in microfluidics for biomedical engineering applications are outlined in this review, emphasizing the basic concepts and research trends in this field. The review covers recent research in microfluidics for bioassays, biofabrication, and tissue engineering. The technologies involved in these applications are highlighted, such as those for fabricating sensitive and portable bioassays, for fabricating biomaterials in a regulated manner, and for fabricating 3D cell culture scaffolds and microenvironments.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Complex Pyrrole‐Based Architectures from Very Simple Starting Materials
Authors: Leonardi Marco , Estévez Verónica , Villacampa Mercedes , Menéndez J. Carlos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe build/couple/pair strategy was applied to the generation of 18 structurally diverse scaffolds built around pyrrole cores. The couple phase, involving the first application of a mechanochemical multicomponent reaction for this purpose, afforded pyrrole derivatives that were transformed into some unusual fused heterocyclic systems using a domino process initiated by a Cu‐catalyzed cross coupling or intramolecular furan Diels‐Alder reactions. Because of the high current importance of macrocycles in drug discovery, the synthesis of macrocyclic libraries was also investigated using a pseudo five‐component double Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis followed by ring‐closing metathesis or the one‐pot generation of two pyrrole rings.magnified image
Electronically Double‐Layered Metal Boride Hollow Nanoprism as an Excellent and Robust Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts
Authors: Han HyukSu , Hong Yu‐Rim , Woo Jungwook , Mhin Sungwook , Kim Kang Min , Kwon Jiseok , Choi Heechae , Chung Yong‐Chae , Song Taeseup 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal–metalloid compounds have been paid much attention as new high‐performance water oxidation catalysts due to their exceptional durability for water oxidation in alkaline media originating from the multi‐dimensional covalent bonding of the metalloid with the surrounding metal atoms. However, compared to the excellent stability, a relatively low catalytic activity of metal‐metalloids often limits their practical application as high‐performance water oxidation catalysts. Here, for the first time, disclosed is a novel self‐templating strategy combined with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to design the electrochemically active and stable quaternary metal boride (vanadium‐doped cobalt nickel boride, VCNB), hollow nanoprism by inducing electronic double layers on the surface. The incorporation of V in a double‐layered structure can substantially increase the number of surface active sites with unsaturated electronic structure. Furthermore, the induced electronic double layers of V can effectively protect the dissolution of the surface active sites. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the impressive water oxidation properties of VCNB originate from the synergetic physicochemical effects of the different metal elements, Co and B as active sites, Ni as a surface electronic structure modifier, and V as a charge carrier transporter and supplier.
A Green Synthetic Approach towards Polyarylated Oxazoles via Iodine‐Catalyzed One‐Pot sp3 C−H Functionalization in Water: From Natural Product Synthesis To Photophysical Studies
Authors: Banerji Biswadip , Adhikary Saswati , Majumder Leena , Ghosh Saswati 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA ‘green’ methodology for the convenient synthesis of specific regioisomers of polysubstituted oxazoles through iodine catalyzed, water‐mediated, aerobic oxidative C(sp3)−H functionalization of primary amines has been developed. This mild and regioselective domino procedure does not require toxic peroxides, transition metals and organic solvents. The versatility of this methodology was demonstrated by preparing a natural product, texaline. It is also scalable and has a wide substrate scope. This methodology opens up a simple avenue for the synthesis of polyarylated oxazoles from various readily available amines as well as 1,2‐diketones and acyloins (α‐hydroxyl ketones) in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, these highly substituted oxazole molecules showed excellent fluorescence properties and thus have enormous potential to be a new type of fluorescent probe for use in medicinal applications and materials science.
Cage–ladder‐structure, phosphorus‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes as promising reactive‐type flame retardants for epoxy resin
Authors: Li Shengnan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Liu Xinghua , Yang Xin , Yu Ran , Zhang Ying , Huang Wei , Deng Kuilin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe synthesized a novel cage–ladder‐structure, phosphorus‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxane (CLEP–DOPO–POSS) via the hydrolytic condensation of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)–vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) with 2‐(3,4‐epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl trimethoxysilane and then incorporated it into epoxy resins (EPs) in different ratios with thermal curing technology. The structure of CLEP–DOPO–POSS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR and 29Si‐NMR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight, and X‐ray diffraction. The thermal stability, mechanical properties and flame retardancy effect of CLEP–DOPO–POSS on EP were comprehensively evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis, universal tensile testing, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL‐94 testing, and cone calorimetry. The flame‐retardant mechanism of the EP modified with CLEP–DOPO–POSS was investigated by TGA–IR, TGA–mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that CLEP–DOPO–POSS was homogeneously dispersed in the EP matrix. The LOI value reached 31.9, and the UL‐94 grade passed V‐0 with the presence of only 0.28% P (2.91 phr CLEP–DOPO–POSS). In addition, the EP composite containing CLEP–DOPO–POSS exhibited a better thermal stability and mechanical properties. The flame‐retardant mechanism was attributed to the quenching effect of the phosphorus‐containing free radicals and the formation of phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing char layers in the condensed phase. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47607.
Cu‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation toward Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines through Oxidative C(sp3)/C(sp2)−H Bond Bifunctionalization
Authors: Zhang Tian‐Shu , Zhao Qi , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of N‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines (N‐aryl THIQs) with α‐diazoketones has been established under oxidative conditions, leading to the construction of a series of indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with generally good yields. The reaction enables dediazotized dicarbonylation of α‐diazoketones, creating direct C(sp3)/C(sp2)−H bond bifunctionalization to access tetracyclic aza‐heterocyclic skeletons.
Revisiting the benefits of diversity representation in window operation models for building performance simulation
Authors: Tahmasebi Farhang , Mahdavi Ardeshir 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie Vorteile der Darstellung der Vielfalt in Fensteröffnungsmodellen für die Gebäudesimulation. Um die potenziellen Vorteile der Bereitstellung von Nutzerverhaltensmodellen mit verschiedenen Nutzerinformationen zu untersuchen, wurde der Fensteröffnungsbetrieb durch Nutzer eines Großraumbüros aggregiert und auf individueller Ebene modelliert. Anschließend wurde ein Modell des Großraumbüros unter Einbeziehung der entwickelten Modelle und Ströme aufgezeichneter Daten kalibriert, um die Vorhersageleistung der Modelle und ihren Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit von Gebäude performance‐Bewertungen zu analysieren. Den Ergebnissen zufolge übertrafen die individuellen Fensteroperationsmodelle das aggregierte Modell, indem sie den Spitzenwert und die Variation des Fensterbetriebs über alle Nutzer im freilaufenden Betrieb erfassten, was zu einer besseren Bewertung des thermischen Komforts führte. Die individuellen Modelle ergaben jedoch eine Überschätzung des Spitzenwärmebedarfs im Vergleich zum Referenzwert, der auf dem tatsächlichen Fensterbetrieb in einem einzigen Jahr basiert.
Berechnung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes
Authors: Ivankovic Goran , Hafellner Hans , Kautsch Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie zeitgenössische Architektur, die zunehmend transparente Gebäudehüllen vorsieht, führt oft zu unerwünschten Effekten in Bezug auf die behagliche Raumtemperatur im Sommer und somit rückt der Schutz des Gebäudes vor Überhitzung immer stärker in den Vordergrund. Es wird die Auswirkung von unterschiedlichen Klimata auf die Berechnung der sommerlichen Überwärmung untersucht. Es wird eine Büro‐ und eine Wohnnutzung mit Bauteilaufbauten aus Massivbau‐Beton, Massivbau‐Ziegel, Holzmassivbau und Holzrahmenbau simuliert. Die Ergebnisse der Gebäudesimulation werden mit den Berechnungsergebnissen gemäß des derzeit gültigen und in der Praxis verankerten vereinfachten Nachweisverfahren gemäß ÖNORM B 8110‐3 [3] gegenübergestellt und ein Vorschlag für die Überarbeitung der Norm dargelegt.
Competency‐based education: An evolutionary higher education business model
Authors: Rivers Carlos , Gibson Shonda , Contreras Erica , Livingston Tina , Hanson Paula 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs new education models emerge in the higher education landscape, constituents and stakeholders increasingly demand greater evidence of the return on investment to the institution. To date, little research has explored and reported the financial underpinnings and outcomes for new models such as Competency‐based Education (Desrochers & Staisloff, 2016, http://rpkgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/rpkgroup_cbe_business_model_report_20161018.pdf). This case study explores and reports on potential revenues and expenses associated with launching competency‐based programs, identify break‐even points, and forecast timelines for projecting returns on investments. The analyses included in this study encompass the entirety of the program, from inception to current state. A narrative and visual description reveals that the competency‐based program has grown to be self‐sustaining within five years. In the sixth year, enrollment trends predict a new record for the program, with forecasts indicating increased return on investment for the university by year end. The results support the notion that institutions should expect a competency‐based program of this type to break‐even by the fifth year of operation (Desrochers & Staisloff, 2016, http://rpkgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/rpkgroup_cbe_business_model_report_20161018.pdf). Additionally, this work seeks to serve as a foundation of exploration and reporting of evolutionary business models related to innovative approaches in higher education such as competency‐based education.
Full‐Loop Simulation of Gas‐Solids Flow in a Pilot‐Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Wang Min , Wu Yingya , Shi Xiaogang , Lan Xingying , Wang Chengxiu , Gao Jinsen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn order to study the system hydrodynamics in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB), a 3D full‐loop simulation was conducted for a pilot‐scale CFB. The Eulerian‐Eulerian two‐fluid model with the kinetic theory of granular theory helped to simulate the gas‐solids flow in the CFB. The system hydrodynamics including pressure balance, vectors of gas and solids, distribution of solids holdup, and instantaneous circulating rates were obtained to get a comprehensive understanding of the system. It was predicted that the main driving force was the pressure drop of the storage tank. The storage height and valve opening were critical operating factors to control the riser operation. The effects of operating conditions including solids circulating rates and superficial gas velocity on the hydrodynamics were investigated to provide guidance for the stable operation of the CFB system.
Cover Picture: Collective Synthesis of Schilancidilactones A, B and Schilancitrilactones A, B, C, 20‐epi‐Schilancitrilactone A (Chin. J. Chem. 3/2019)
Authors: Wang Hengtao , Wang Liang , Li Yihang , Zhang Xiunan , Tang Pingping 
Published: February 2019

The cover picture shows Schilancidilactones A, B and Schilancitrilactones A, B, C all belong to schinortriterpenoid. Preliminary bioassay shows some of them possess fascinating bioactivities, such as antitumor, antihepatitis, and anti‐HIV‐1 activities. The total synthesis of Schilancidilactones A, B and Schilancitrilactones A, B, C has been accomplished from the common intermediates for the first time by Tang group. An intramolecular radical cyclization, late‐stage halogenation and AIBN‐mediated or Ni‐catalyzed intermolecular radical cross coupling reaction were employed as the key steps. More details are discussed in the article by Tang et al. on page 255–268.
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Evaluating functional covariate‐environment interactions in the Cox regression model
Authors: Zhou Ling , Li Haoqi , Lin Huazhen , Song Peter X.‐K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChildren exposed to mixtures of endocrine disrupting compounds such as phthalates are at high risk of experiencing significant friction in their growth and sexual maturation. This article is primarily motivated by a study that aims to assess the toxicants‐modified effects of risk factors related to the hazards of early or delayed onset of puberty among children living in Mexico City. To address the hypothesis of potential nonlinear modification of covariate effects, we propose a new Cox regression model with multiple functional covariate‐environment interactions, which allows covariate effects to be altered nonlinearly by mixtures of exposed toxicants. This new class of models is rather flexible and includes many existing semiparametric Cox models as special cases. To achieve efficient estimation, we develop the global partial likelihood method of inference, in which we establish key large‐sample results, including estimation consistency, asymptotic normality, semiparametric efficiency and the generalized likelihood ratio test for both parameters and nonparametric functions. The proposed methodology is examined via simulation studies and applied to the analysis of the motivating data, where maternal exposures to phthalates during the third trimester of pregnancy are found to be important risk modifiers for the age of attaining the first stage of puberty. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 204–221; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Meta‐analysis on the association between the frequency of tooth brushing and diabetes mellitus risk
Authors: Fu Wenning , Lv Chuanzhu , Zou Li , Song Fujian , Zeng Xiantao , Wang Chao , Yan Shijiao , Gan Yong , Chen Fan , Lu Zuxun , Cao Shiyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEpidemiological studies suggested that the frequency of tooth brushing might be associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), but the results were inconsistent, and no systematic review was conducted to focus on this topic. In this meta‐analysis, we synthesized available observational epidemiological evidences to identify the association between tooth brushing and DM risk and investigate the potential dose‐response relationship of them.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase from their inception through December 2017 to identify observational studies examining the association between tooth brushing and the risk of DM. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We quantitatively combined results of the included studies using a random‐effects model. Dose‐response meta‐analysis was conducted to further examine the effect of tooth brushing frequency on DM risk.ResultsWe identified 20 relevant studies (one cohort study, 14 case‐control studies, and 5 cross‐sectional studies) involving 161 189 participants and 10 884 patients with DM. Compared with the highest tooth brushing frequency, the lowest level was significantly associated with an increased risk of DM (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.47), and there was no significant heterogeneity across the included studies (p = 0.119, I2 = 28.1%).Exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the combined risk estimate. The dose‐response analysis indicated that the summary odds of DM for an increment of one time of tooth brushing per day was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.16‐1.24).ConclusionsIntegrated epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that low frequency of tooth brushing may be a risk factor of DM, and lower frequencies of tooth brushing were significantly associated with higher risk of DM.
Correlation of creatinine‐ and specific gravity‐normalized free and glucuronidated urine cannabinoid concentrations following smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis in frequent and occasional cannabis users
Authors: Huestis Marilyn A. , Blount Benjamin C. , Milan Daniel F. , Newmeyer Matthew N. , Schroeder Jennifer , Smith Michael L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVariability in urine dilution complicates urine cannabinoid test interpretation. Normalizing urine cannabinoid concentrations to specific gravity (SG) or creatinine was proposed to account for donors' hydration states. In this study, all urine voids were individually collected from eight frequent and eight occasional cannabis users for up to 85 hours after each received on separate occasions 50.6 mg Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by smoking, vaporization, and oral ingestion in a randomized, within‐subject, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled protocol. Each urine void was analyzed for 11 cannabinoids and phase I and II metabolites by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), SG, and creatinine. Normalized urine concentrations were log10 transformed to create normal distributions, and Pearson correlation coefficients determined the degree of association between the two normalization methods. Repeated‐measures linear regression determined if the degree of association differed by frequent or occasional cannabis use, or route of administration after adjusting for gender and time since dosing. Of 1880 urine samples examined, only 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THC (THCCOOH), THCCOOH‐glucuronide, THC‐glucuronide, and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCVCOOH) were greater than the method's limits of quantification (LOQs). Associations between SG‐ and creatinine‐normalized concentrations exceeded 0.90. Repeated‐measures regression analysis found small but statistically significant differences in the degree of association between normalization methods for THCCOOH and THCCOOH‐glucuronide in frequent vs occasional smokers, and in THCVCOOH and THC‐glucuronide by route of administration. For the first time, SG‐ and creatinine‐normalized urine cannabinoid concentrations were evaluated in frequent and occasional cannabis users and following oral, smoked, and inhaled cannabis. Both normalization methods reduced variability, improving the interpretation of urine cannabinoid concentrations and methods were strongly correlated.
Contrasting patterns of divergence at the regulatory and sequence level in European Daphnia galeata natural populations
Authors: Ravindran Suda Parimala , Herrmann Maike , Cordellier Mathilde 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of local adaptation has long been a focus of evolutionary biology. Recently, there has been increased interest in deciphering the evolutionary role of Daphnia's plasticity and the molecular mechanisms of local adaptation. Using transcriptome data, we assessed the differences in gene expression profiles and sequences in four European Daphnia galeata populations. In total, ~33% of 32,903 transcripts were differentially expressed between populations. Among 10,280 differentially expressed transcripts, 5,209 transcripts deviated from neutral expectations and their population‐specific expression pattern is likely the result of local adaptation processes. Furthermore, a SNP analysis allowed inferring population structure and distribution of genetic variation. The population divergence at the sequence level was comparatively higher than the gene expression level by several orders of magnitude consistent with strong founder effects and lack of gene flow between populations. Using sequence homology, the candidate transcripts were annotated using a comparative genomics approach. Additionally, we also performed a weighted gene co‐expression analysis to identify population‐specific regulatory patterns of transcripts in D. galeata. Thus, we identified candidate transcriptomic regions for local adaptation in this key species of aquatic ecosystems in the absence of any laboratory‐induced stressor.
FinFET 4T‐SRAM operable at near‐threshold region
Authors: Wakemoto Ryota , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Sekine Toshikazu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new FinFET 4T‐SRAM that is operated with differential write and single‐end read mode, in the near‐threshold region. To improve the read margin and the write stability, a 3T read/write assist circuit is added to the proposed SRAM. From the HSPICE simulation results in 20‐nm predictive technology model (PTM), the proposed circuit has the same static noise margin (SNM), a shorter read/write time and smaller energy dissipation compared to conventional circuits.
Dendritic cells modulate c‐kit expression on the edge between activation and death
Authors: Simonetti Sonia , Seijas Amairelys B. Barroeta , Natalini Ambra , Vitale Sara , Runci Daniele , Soriani Alessandra , Di Virgilio Antonio , Aricò Eleonora , Gabriele Lucia , Santoni Angela , Di Rosa Francesca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are key players in immunity and tolerance. Some DCs express c‐kit, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF), nevertheless c‐kit functional role and the regulation of its expression in DCs are incompletely defined. We recently demonstrated that autocrine SCF sustains a pro‐survival circuit, and that SCF increases phospho‐AKT in c‐kit+ mouse bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMdDCs).Herein we observed that CpG and PolyI:C, two stimuli mimicking bacterial and viral nucleic acids respectively, strongly inhibited c‐kit expression by BMdDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in IFNARI−/− mice showed that IFN‐I pathway was required for c‐kit down‐regulation in cDC1s, but only partially supported it in cDC2s. Furthermore, CpG and PolyI:C strongly inhibited c‐kit mRNA expression. In agreement with the reduced c‐kit levels, SCF pro‐survival activity was impaired. Thus in the presence of exogenously provided SCF, either PolyI:C or CpG induced spleen DC death in 2 days, while at earlier times IL‐6 and IL‐12 production were slightly increased. In contrast, SCF improved survival of unstimulated spleen DCs expressing high c‐kit levels.Our studies suggest that c‐kit down‐modulation is a previously neglected component of DC response to CpG and PolyI:C, regulating DC survival and ultimately tuning immune response.