bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-empirical model atmospheres for the chromosphere of the sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes
Authors: Bose Souvik , Henriques Vasco M. J. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Pereira Tiago M. D. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The solar chromosphere and the lower transition region are believed to play a crucial role in the heating of the solar corona. Models that describe the chromosphere (and the lower transition region), accounting for its highly dynamic and structured character are, so far, found to be lacking. This is partly due to the breakdown of complete frequency redistribution (CRD) in the chromospheric layers and also because of the difficulty in obtaining complete sets of observations that adequately constrain the solar atmosphere at all relevant heights.
Aims. We aim to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres that reproduce the features of the Mg II h&k line profiles that sample the middle chromosphere with focus on a sunspot.
Methods. We used spectropolarimetric observations of the Ca II 8542 Å spectra obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope and used NICOLE inversions to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres for different features in and around a sunspot. These were used to synthesize Mg II h&k spectra using the RH1.5D code, which we compared with observations taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).
Results. Comparison of the synthetic profiles with IRIS observations reveals that there are several areas, especially in the penumbra of the sunspot, where most of the observed Mg II h&k profiles are very well reproduced. In addition, we find that supersonic hot down-flows, present in our collection of models in the umbra, lead to synthetic profiles that agree well with the IRIS Mg II h&k profiles, with the exception of the line core.
Conclusions. We put forward and make available four semi-empirical model atmospheres. Two for the penumbra, reflecting the range of temperatures obtained for the chromosphere, one for umbral flashes, and a model representative of the quiet surroundings of a sunspot.
A multi-molecular line study of the star-forming globule CB88-230
Authors: Brand J. , Wouterloot J. G. A. , Codella C. , Massi F. , Giannetti A. 
Published: July 2019

Context. This paper relates to low-mass star formation in globules, and the interaction of newly-formed stars with their environment. We follow up on the results of our earlier observations of this globule.
Aims. Our aim is to study the gas- and dust environment of the young stellar object (YSO) in globule CB88 230, the large-scale molecular outflow triggered by the jet driven by the YSO, and their interaction.
Methods. We carried out submillimetre continuum and multi-line molecular observations with several single-dish facilities, mapping the core of the globule and the large-scale outflow associated with the YSO.
Results. Dust continuum and molecular line maps (of 12CO, C18O, CS, CH3OH) show a flattened (axes ratio 1.5−1.7), asymmetric core with a full width at half maximum (FWHM)-diameter of 0.16−0.21 pc. Line profiles of 12CO, 13CO(2–1, 3–2), and CS(2–1) show self-absorption near the YSO; the absorption dip is at a slightly (~0.3 km s−1) redder velocity than that of the quiescent gas, possibly indicating infall of cooler envelope gas. The mass of the core, determined from C18O(1–0) observations, is about 8 M⊙, while the virial mass is in the range 5−8M⊙, depending on the assumed density distribution. We detect a slight velocity gradient (~0.98 km s−1 pc−1), though rotational energy is negligible with respect to gravitational and turbulent energy of the core. A fit to the spectral energy distribution of the core gives a dust temperature Td ≈ 18 K and a gas mass of ca. 2 M⊙ (assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 100). More careful modelling of the sub-mm emission (not dominated by the relatively hot central regions) yields M ≈ 8M⊙. From the molecular line observations we derive gas temperatures of 10−20 K. A Bayesian analysis of the emission of selected molecules observed towards the YSO, yields Tkin ≈ 21.4 K (68% credibility interval 14.5−35.5 K) and volume density n(H2) ≈ 4.6 × 105 cm−3 (8.3 × 104−9.1 × 105 cm−3). We have mapped the well-collimated large-scale outflow in 12CO(3–2). The outflow has a dynamical age of a few 104 yr, and contains little mass (a few 10−2 M⊙). A misalignment between the axis of this large-scale outflow and that of the hot jet close to the YSO indicates that the outflow direction may be changing with time.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Arthroskopie am oberen Sprunggelenk
Authors: Winkelmann Marcel , Gaulke Ralph 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Arthroskopie am oberen Sprunggelenk ist heute ein Standardverfahren der operativen Orthopädie. Die Operation ist risikoarm und mit hohem Patientenkomfort möglich. Einige Operationen können auch ambulant durchgeführt werden. Die Bandbreite potenzieller Indikationen wächst dabei stetig. So ist die Arthroskopie mittlerweile das Standardverfahren zur Behandlung weichteiliger und knöcherner Impingement-Syndrome. Auch osteochondrale Läsionen können häufig arthroskopisch bzw. arthroskopisch assistiert behandelt werden. Früh- oder Spätsynovialektomien bei entzündlich rheumatischen Arthritiden werden ebenso arthroskopisch durchgeführt wie die Akutbehandlung septischer Arthritiden. Daneben können arthroskopische Verfahren heute in bestimmten Grenzen bei gewissenhafter Indikationsstellung selbst bei manifester Arthrose erfolgreich angewandt werden.
Operative Rheumatologie des Vorfußes – ein Trend zu gelenkerhaltenden Eingriffen?
Authors: Arnold Ingo 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungEin einheitliches, standardisiertes Operationsverfahren existiert aufgrund der Vielfalt der Ausprägungen der rheumatischen Vor- und Rückfußdeformitäten in Zusammenhang mit den unterschiedlichen Funktionsansprüchen und des subjektiven Schmerzempfindens von RA-Patienten nicht [1]. Unter einer frühen und aggressiven Therapie der RA zeigen die Patienten mildere Formen von Fußdeformitäten. Diese sind vergleichbar mit den Deformitäten von Patienten, die nicht an einer chronisch entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankung leiden. Neben geringeren Fehlstellungen und weniger ausgeprägten Synovialitiden sind auch polyartikuläre Deformitäten oder begleitende Weichteilentzündungen (Bursitiden oder Tenosynovialitiden) seltener zu beobachten. In solchen Fällen können zunehmend gelenkerhaltende korrigierende Operationsverfahren angewendet werden. Bei dem Vollbild eines erosiven rheumatischen Vorfußes mit Spreizfuß, Hallux valgus, multiplen plantaren Bursitiden, Clavi- sowie Klauenzehen kommt neben der Stabilisierung des 1. Strahles bzw. der medialen Säule (MTP-I-Fusion, modif. Lapidus-Op) nur die Resektionsarthroplastik infrage mit Entfernung der Metatarsalia-Köpfchen. Diese weisen in fortgeschrittenen Fällen oft rheumatische Destruktionen auf und eine korrigierende Osteotomie wäre nur mit einem hohem Risiko persistierender Beschwerden durchzuführen.
Hallux valgus
Authors: Heinze Annette 
Published: July 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAufgrund der hohen Prävalenz und der vielschichtigen Ätiologie ist der Hallux valgus ein vieldiskutiertes Thema mit vielen verschiedenen Therapieoptionen. Ziel sowohl operativer als auch konservativer Therapien ist die schmerzfreie Mobilität des Patienten, um eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität zu erreichen. Eine gute Kommunikation zwischen orthopädietechnischer und ärztlicher Betreuung ist eine Grundvoraussetzung sowohl für die konservative Therapie als auch für die postoperative Nachbehandlung. Bei symptomatischem Hallux valgus ist eine Progression der Fehlstellung ohne operative Intervention zu erwarten. Die konservative Therapie bietet keine ursachenorientierte Therapie, es kann jedoch eine Beschwerdebesserung erreicht werden.
Der Einfluss von Religiosität auf die Einstellung gegenüber Aggression und auf aggressives Verhalten von forensisch-psychiatrischen Patienten
Authors: Franke Irina , Döringer Sabine , Streb Judith , Nigel Stefanie , Klein Verena , Huber Stefan , Pollatos Olga , Dudeck Manuela 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Gemäß Studienlage kann sich Religiosität günstig auf das Delinquenzrisiko in der Allgemeinbevölkerung auswirken. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob sich ein solcher Zusammenhang auch in einer forensisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe abbildet. Zudem wird die Selbsteinschätzung hinsichtlich Aggressionsneigung mit Vorstrafen wegen Aggressionsdelikten verglichen.
Methodik Es wurden 84 Patientinnen und Patienten befragt, die gemäß § 64 StGB in deutschen Maßregelvollzugskliniken untergebracht waren. Religiosität und Einstellung gegenüber aggressivem Verhalten wurden mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen erfasst. Die Bundeszentralregistereinträge der Studienteilnehmer wurden auf Gewaltdelikte überprüft.
Ergebnisse In der Stichprobe der männlichen Patienten korrelierte Religiosität negativ mit der Einstellung gegenüber appetitiver Aggression, aber nicht mit dem tatsächlichen Verhalten. In der Frauenstichprobe fanden sich keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit Religiosität.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen Geschlechterunterschied hinsichtlich der Korrelation von Religiosität und Einstellung gegenüber Aggression. Zudem fand sich in der untersuchten Stichprobe forensisch-psychiatrischer Patienten eine Diskrepanz zwischen Selbsteinschätzung und tatsächlichem Verhalten. Ursachen hierfür könnten kognitive Verzerrungen bzw. Defizite in der Selbsteinschätzungsfähigkeit sein oder auch Einschränkungen bei der vorausschauenden Handlungsplanung.
Behçet's Disease from Rheumatology and Neurology Perspectives with Special Reference to Children
Authors: Turgut Yaşar B. , Tosun Ayşe F. , Yüzbaşı Beste K. , Tunca Hasan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBehçet's disease (BD) is an idiopathic chronic relapsing multisystemic vascular inflammatory disease. Although it is generally seen in young adults with male predominance, the onset age of the disease is the pediatric age group in only 4 to 26% of all cases of BD. According to the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease Classification Criteria, a diagnosis of BD requires recurrent oral aphthous ulcerations with two of the following: genital ulcerations, skin lesions, eye lesions, or a positive pathergy test. In this article, we extensively reviewed the current literature with respect to the rheumatological and neurological findings of BD in childhood.
Hu Shi’s Model of Rhetorical Pragmatic Argumentation
Authors: Butterfield Rya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
During China’s Republican Period, scholar and reformer Hu Shi advanced a rhetorical pragmatic project for democratic reform. In this essay, I argue that the dissertation Hu wrote under the advisement of John Dewey, “The Development of Logical Method in Ancient China,” was itself a groundbreaking piece of rhetorical invention that functioned as part of Hu’s project by reinterpreting ancient Chinese classics as the foundations for a model of rhetorical pragmatic argumentation.
Rhetorical Imitation and Civic Diversity
Authors: Terrill Robert E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The value of imitatio as a pedagogical tactic in rhetorical education has been attested to for millennia. But within the context of a culture of diversity, imitation becomes potentially problematic. This essay describes two attitudes toward imitatio that may contribute to modifying the practice in ways that enable it to be recovered for use in contemporary classrooms. The first entails reimagining the relationships between students and their model texts as multivalent conversations rather than dyadic exchanges; the second entails challenging the hierarchies that are implied when students are expected to model their work on texts that are considered superior. These two attitudes encourage the integration of imitatio into a rhetorical education that is essential for the cultivation of a just and engaged twenty-first century citizenship.
Correction of phase errors due to leakage currents in wideband EIT field measurements on soil and sediments
Authors: Zimmermann E , Huisman J A , Mester A , van Waasen S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising method to characterize important hydrological properties of soil, sediments, and rocks. The characterization is based on the analysis of the phase response of the complex electrical conductivity in a broad frequency range (i.e. mHz to kHz). However, it is challenging to measure the small phase response of low-polarizable soils and rocks in the higher frequency range up to 10 kHz. In order to achieve the required phase accuracy in the kHz frequency range, an optimized measurement system and advanced model-based processing methods have been developed. Recently, EIT measurements at sites with low electrical conductivity have shown a new dominating phase error related to capacitive leakage currents between cable shields and soil. In order to correct this phase error, we developed an advanced finite element model that considers both leakage currents and capacitive coupling between the soil and the cable shields in the reconstruction of the complex electrical conductivity distribution. This advanced model also takes into account potential measurement errors due to high electrode impedances. The use of this advanced model reduced the new dominating error for media with low electrical conductivity. It was also found that the amount of leakage current is an additional indicator for data quality that can be used for data filtering. After application of a novel data filter based on the leakage current and the use of the advanced modelling approach, the phase error of the measured transfer impedances above 100 Hz was significantly reduced by a factor of 6 or more at 10 kHz. In addition, physically implausible positive phase values were effectively eliminated. The new correction method now enables the reconstruction of the complex electrical conductivity for frequencies up to 10 kHz at field sites with a low electrical conductivity.
Contemporary science as context for teaching nature of science: teachers’ development of popular science articles as a teaching resource
Authors: Hansson Lena , Leden Lotta , Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Most of the physics (as well as the other sciences) taught in school can be described as well-established or consensus science. This is the kind of science knowledge that was mostly developed over a century ago. The inclusion of contemporary science research in compulsory school science teaching could be justified from a variety of reasons: increasing students’ interest and motivation; providing insights into modern research practice; and as a frame for teaching nature of science (NOS) perspectives. The present article focuses on the latter—contemporary science as a means to teach NOS. The article builds on data from an in-service teacher training course that focused on ways to include contemporary science in lower secondary physics education. Each course participant chose a research area, interviewed a scientist, and wrote a popular science article based on the interview. The article was written with secondary students (13–15 years old) as a target audience. By the end of the course the participants designed, implemented and evaluated a teaching unit which was based on the popular science article. The present article analyses what NOS perspectives that have been included in the popular science articles. The results show a high diversity of NOS aspects, which indicate a great potential for taking contemporary science research as a starting point for NOS teaching.
Triboelectric proximity and contact detection using soft planar spiral electrodes
Authors: Helseth L E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, planar spiral electrodes for triboelectric contact and proximity detection are investigated. The spiral electrodes are created using liquid metal in a soft elastomer in order to make the sensor flexible and stretchable. When the metallic object to be detected comes in contact with the silicon elastomer surrounding the electrodes, charge transfer occurs, and this can be utilized for contact and noncontact sensing of the metallic object in flat or curved geometries. An equivalent electrical circuit model for the noncontact system is proposed and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. A comparison between triboelectric proximity detection and eddy current resonance frequency proximity detection, using the same electrode geometry, shows that the two methods have comparable sensitivity. An added advantage of the triboelectric system is that it transforms mechanical into electrical energy and thereby allows one to monitor the triboelectrical signal upon impact of a metal object, and the experimental data show that the generated current scales with the impact force.
Review on biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Challenges and opportunities in Indonesia
Authors: Rajani A , Kusnadi  , Santosa A , Saepudin A , Gobikrishnan S , Andriani D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a remarkably contaminating effluent that generated from three principle processes such as the sterilization, condensation, and hydrocyclone of palm oil in mills. The high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acidic pH of POME create an environmental issue if it is discharged into the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem without treatment. However, by proper handling POME is also considered as a potential substrate for a renewable energy source. Biogas consisting mostly of methane and carbon dioxide has been produced using anaerobic digestion of POME. The process of biogas production involves the indigenous microbial community through hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. This study will elaborate on the potential of POME as a renewable energy source as well as the challenges and opportunities to develop biogas from POME in Indonesia. By proper handling and technology, from around (31 to 41) × 106 t of palm oil products in Indonesia from the year 2015 to 2017 it is theoretically calculated that 150.93 MW, 173.37 MW, and 203.92 MW of power plant capacity can be generated, respectively.
Fermentation quality of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum and sugarcane molasses in tropic
Authors: Wahyudi A , Hendraningsih L , Sutawi  , Setyobudi R H , Mel M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fermentation quality of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) cv. Mott ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum [(Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al.] and sugarcane molasses in tropical condition was evaluated. Approximately 100 g portion of wilted material chopped into 20 mm lengths packed into plastic film bags and sealed with a vacuum sealer. T0 was untreated silage, T1 silage with 50 μL L. plantarum without molasses, and T2, T3, and T4 treated silage with 50 μL L. plantarum and 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % molasses respectively. The bag silos were stored in room temperature (average 25 °C) for 30 d of incubation. This study showed the chemical characteristics were not significantly differ among treatments, eventhough T3 and T4 showed higher organic matter (OM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, meanwhile the highest crude protein (CP) was reached in T3. In general, molasses increased population of lactid acid bacteria (LAB) and decreased pathogen (coliform and aerob bacteria). The favour pH for silages (< 4) were only reached in addition 2 % and 3 % of molasses. It could be concluded that in tropical condition, L. plantarum it self could not improve silage quality. Addition 1 % to 3 % molasses improved silage quality, so that molasses were needed to improve fermentation quality of the grass silage with L. plantarum inoculation.
Menthol from the stem and leaf in-vitro Mentha piperita Linn.
Authors: Wijaya B K , Hardjo P H , Emantoko S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The need for menthol in Indonesia is increasing annually, but it is not followed by increases the availability in the country, so the number of imports is increasing each year. Therefore, in this research conducted a study using plant tissue culture techniques to produce secondary metabolite especially menthol using shoot multiplication. A single node of Mentha piperita L. was inoculated on three kinds of growth medium, which are MS + 0.1 mg L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg L-1 BA, MS + 0.5 mg L-1 BA, and MS + 2 mg L-1 BA. Based on fresh weight and morphological observation, MS + 0.1 mg L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg L-1 BA was the best growth medium. Based on the previous experiment, the study was aiming to continue observing the concentration of menthol found in M. piperita shoot. Stems and leaves of M. piperita were dried in room temperature, the dried stems and leaves were extracted using steam distillation method with ratio 0.3 g of dried stems and leaves in 25 mL aquadest. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography (HP 6890) using INNOWAX 19095N-123 column. The results showed that 2 wk was the best amount of time to obtain the highest concentration of menthol specifically (1 218.5 ± 47.1) mg L−1 (yield = 9.748 %).
Physiology and genotyping of adaptive and sensitive oil palm progenies under unwatered stress condition
Authors: Yono D , Purwanti E , Sahara A , Nugroho Y A , Tanjung Z A , Aditama R , Dewi C , Sihotang A E , Utomo C , Liwang T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Increasing of dry areas for Oil Palm plantation due to climate change led the breeders to develop drought stress, tolerant palm. Characterization of genetic materials for their physiological and genetic properties is required. Two distinct progenies derived from Tanzanian origin used for more adaptive to unwatered stress, and Nigerian origin used for more sensitive, were subjected for analysis. Physiological related variables were observed for sap flow, water potential, soil water content, greenhouse temperature and relative humidity, stomatal density, stomatal pore width, and proline content. The Tanzanian origin has more stable in sap flow, longer water potential detected, more adaptive in stomatal closure, and a lower in proline content than Nigerian origins. The genome comparison of both materials was performed by double digest Restriction Associated DNA and captured 299 294 SNPs. It found 9.3 % of those SNPs that were having a different allele with a minor frequency between progenies. And, 0.7 % from filtered SNPs were located and distributed in 167 genes. Two SNP markers were located in aquaporin NIP1-1 gene that related to water translocation between cells. One SNP marker was located in glutamate receptor 2.7-like gene that related to glutamate release and proline biosynthesis. The remaining SNPs will be in further analyzed.
Callus induction and in vitro mass culture of adventitious roots from leaf segment explants of Dendropanax morbifera Lev.
Authors: Sukweenadhi J , Choi J Y , Kim Y J , Kaliraj L , Abid S , Ahn J C , Yang D C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Dendropanax morbifera Lev. is a unique species and natively found in Korea and distributed in the South regions, such as Jeju, Goheung, and Wando. In this study, tissue culture system for native D. morbifera was developed. The callus from native D. morbifera leaves was cultured on Woody Plant Media (WPM) supplemented with 30 g L−1 of sucrose, with addition of 2.4-D and bA [(0.5, 1.0, 2.0) mg L−1], separately and mixed. After 5 wk of culture, the highest induction of callus was obtained from 0.5 mg L−1 of 2.4-D mixed with 2.0 mg L1 of BA. Adventitious root formation on different media (MS, WPM, B5) with various auxins (IBA, IAA, and NAA) and different concentration [(0, 1, 3, 5) mg L−1] were tested. After 8 wk of culture, WPM showed better induction of adventitious root. The highest induction of adventitious root was obtained on 3.0 mg L−1 IBA. Root growth was best in WPM liquid medium with 3.0 mg L−1 of IBA and 30 g L−1 of sucrose. The same formulation with modified ½ WPM was successfully established in vitro adventitious roots culture in 18-L bioreactor system. This study also proposed as the mass production technique of adventitious roots from native D. morbifera.