bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The framing effect among executive officers and board members
Authors: Zin Roque Alberto , Terra Paulo Renato Soares 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the framing effect in the Brazilian corporate environment. Thus, this paper focuses on loss aversion related to different groups within organizations. Board members and executive officers are at first qualified, well prepared, and hold positions in which they are frequently called upon to decide, advise, or evaluate critical decisions. Interviews were held with executives, members of the Boards of Directors (henceforth simply board members) and Audit Committee members (henceforth AC members) from publicly traded companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BMFBovespa). The results suggest that the framing effect occurs differently among AC members and the other respondents. With respect to the loss, 30.28% of the board members opt to spend 8% or more, however only 22.02% would do the same to avoid reducing a profit, a drop of 8.26 percentage points. This research contributes towards the field of behavioral finance by demonstrating how the framing effect manifests even among a group of experts. The main findings of this study suggest the presence of the framing effect even among qualified professionals.
Escala de inovatividade organizacional: evidências de validação para o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Silva Renata Gonçalves Santos , Broilo Patrícia Liebesny , Frio Ricardo Saraiva , Sampaio Claudio Hoffmann , Perin Marcelo Gattermann 
Published: March 2019

Against the overlap of concepts and measurements regarding organizational innovativeness, Ruvio et al. (2014) present a multidimensional definition of the construct and validate a scale for its operationalization. The present study aimed to validate this scale in the Brazilian context. Additionally, focusing the construct nomological validity, the study aimed to empirically verify the relationship between organizational innovativeness on its five dimensions and the level of innovation of the organization. A survey was conducted with participation of 165 executives of organizations from various sectors. The results validate the scale for usage in the Brazilian context and indicate that organizational innovativennes is as a predictive variable of the degree of innovation, which tends to impact firms performance in the long run.
Desempenho do programa de pré-incubação como catalisador do empreendedorismo inovador
Authors: Frizzo Kamila , Ferreira Maria Carolina Zanini , Motke Francies Diego , Gomes Beatriz Maffini , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Silva Silon Júnior Procath da 
Published: March 2019

In late 2014, the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) created the Innovation and Technology Transfer Office (AGITTEC) with one of the goals to create a technology incubator. To achieve this, the university launched a pre-incubation program in order to train potential entrepreneurs. The program aimed to select technological development projects that had not yet found a company and required basic initial training. Therefore, the pre-incubation program and its performance among those involved (participants who completed the program, mentors, and lecturers) were analyzed and described in a descriptive and quali-quantitative manner. Questionnaires for performance analysis of the services provided were elaborated from the structure and program activities and composed of closed questions in which respondents indicated on an interval scale of 1 to 5 (lowest to highest level of assessment) or the option “does not apply” (represented by the number zero). The results concluded that the pre-incubation program was essential for all participating projects by showing which activities should be prioritized in future programs.
Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Novice French as a Second Language Teachers: A Case Study of Ontario Teachers
Authors: Cooke Shelley , Faez Farahnaz 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of novice elementary French as a second language (FSL) teachers. A mixed methods approach was used to investigate self-efficacy appraisals of core French (n = 14) and French immersion (n = 13) teachers in delivering instruction in FSL programs. A questionnaire was administered that explored teachers’ self-perceived efficacy in four categories: general teaching methodology, second language pedagogy, language proficiency, and cultural knowledge. Findings revealed that both groups of participants did not perceive themselves to be particularly confident in delivering instruction upon completion of their teacher education programs. The self-perceived confidence in FSL teaching abilities of both groups increased with classroom experience. However, French immersion teachers reported a higher sense of efficacy than their core French colleagues in all four categories. Implications of the findings for core French and French immersion programs as well as FSL teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Développement de la compétence linguistique permettant l’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit chez des élèves de l’élémentaire en contexte minoritaire
Authors: Thibeault Joël , Fleuret Carole , Lefrançois Pascale 
Published: March 2019

La présente recherche explore le développement de la compétence linguistique qui permet l’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit chez huit élèves scolarisés en français dans le sud-ouest de l’Ontario, un milieu francophone minoritaire. Grâce à une conceptualisation qui unit les travaux de chercheurs en langues première et seconde, et à l’analyse des données issues d’une activité de complètement et de productions écrites, nous avons fait émerger trois profils développementaux : le premier groupe de scripteurs fait montre d’une compétence opérationnelle en début d’étude, celle-ci demeurant relativement stable au gré des 13 mois de la recherche. Le deuxième groupe peine à orthographier la marque prototypique de la pluralité verbale au commencement de l’étude et exerce, du début à la fin, un contrôle orthographique lacunaire pour ce qui est de l’objet linguistique retenu. Le dernier groupe, analogue au regroupement précédent en début d’étude, présente un développement rapide au cours de la recherche. Nous discutons les résultats en fonction des recherches menées en langues première et seconde, et mettons l’accent sur les spécificités qui sous-tendent l’apprentissage du français écrit en situation de minorité linguistique.
Studying Pollution in Rivers by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Knapik Heloise G. , Leithold Juliana , de Azevedo Julio C. , Fernandes Cristovão V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHighly urbanized watersheds exert strong pressure on water resources, since when organic matters present in anthropogenic effluents are in excess, especially labile fractions, a strong impact on degradation of water quality, aquatic fauna and flora, and the overall ecosystem is often observed. Robust monitoring strategies are therefore required to better estimate the organic pollution in urban rivers. Fluorescence spectroscopy is being used for organic matter identification and characterization in several environments, with well‐known and widely documented procedures, data handling, analysis, and interpretation. In terms of water quality planning and management in urban rivers, the combination of conventional analytical methods (e.g. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) with fluorescence spectroscopy and the development of in situ technologies are vital to improve our understanding of the watershed dynamics, track the organic pollution sources and pathways, and, consequently, help predict future trends under changing environment with increasing human pressure. In this article, we present a synthesis on the application of fluorescence spectroscopy in urban rivers, focusing on (i) the organic matter sources and transformation mechanisms, (ii) how the techniques have been used, the main advantages, disadvantages, interferences, and the potential for future works, and (iii) challenges in water quality planning and management.
The Problematic Nature of Fibromyalgia Diagnosis in the Community
Authors: Srinivasan Sachin , Maloney Eamon , Wright Brynn , Kennedy Michael , Kallail K. James , Rasker Johannes J. , Häuser Winfried , Wolfe Frederick 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundRecently, some studies suggested that clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia is inaccurate and does not reflect current definitions. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. We examined whether fibromyalgia was accurately diagnosed in the community.MethodsWe surveyed 3276 primary care patients to determine current fibromyalgia status by criteria (CritFM). We also determined whether the patients had a physician's diagnosis of fibromyalgia (MDFM) and the level of symptom severity as measured by the polysymptomatic distress scale (PSD).ResultsThe prevalence of MDFM and CritFM was 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3%, 6.9%) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.8%, 6.3%), respectively. However, only 32.2% with MDFM met 2016 criteria (CritFM), and only 35.4% with CritFM also had MDFM. The kappa statistic for diagnostic agreement was 0.296 (minimal agreement). The mean PSD score was 12.4 and 18.4 in MDFM and CritFM, respectively. The odds ratio for being a woman compared with being a man was 3.2 for MDFM versus 1.9 for CritFM, P = 0.023. Of the patients with MDFM, 68.3% received specific fibromyalgia pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsThere is little agreement between MDFM and CritFM. Only one‐third of MDFM satisfy fibromyalgia criteria, and only one‐third of patients who meet the criteria have a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Physician diagnosis is biased and more likely in women. Fibromyalgia treatment is common in MDFM (70.7%). Overall, MDFM appears subjective and unrelated to fibromyalgia criteria. There appears to be no common definition of fibromyalgia in the community.
Sequential Deposition of Organic Films with Eco‐Compatible Solvents Improves Performance and Enables Over 12%‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Long , Xiong Yuan , Chen Zheng , Zhang Qianqian , Fei Zhuping , Henry Reece , Heeney Martin , O'Connor Brendan T. , You Wei , Ade Harald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCasting of a donor:acceptor bulk‐heterojunction structure from a single ink has been the predominant fabrication method of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Despite the success of such bulk heterojunctions, the task ofcontrolling the microstructure in a single casting process has been arduous and alternative approaches are desired. To achieve OPVs with a desirable microstructure, a facile and eco‐compatible sequential deposition approach is demonstrated for polymer/small‐molecule pairs. Using a nominally amorphous polymer as the model material, the profound influence of casting solvent is shown on the molecular ordering of the film, and thus the device performance and mesoscale morphology of sequentially deposited OPVs can be tuned. Static and in situ X‐ray scattering indicate that applying (R)‐(+)‐limonene is able to greatly promote the molecular order of weakly crystalline polymers and form the largest domain spacing exclusively, which correlates well with the best efficiency of 12.5% in sequentially deposited devices. The sequentially cast device generally outperforms its control device based on traditional single‐ink bulk‐heterojunction structure. More crucially, a simple polymer:solvent interaction parameter χ is positively correlated with domain spacing in these sequentially deposited devices. These findings shed light on innovative approaches to rationally create environmentally friendly and highly efficient electronics.
Identifying the Activation of Bimetallic Sites in NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Synergistic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Zhang Wei , Ma Xiaoya , Zhong Cheng , Zhao Naiqin , Hu Wenbin , Deng Yida 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybrid materials composed of transition‐metal compounds and nitrogen‐doped carbonaceous supports are promising electrocatalysts for various electrochemical energy conversion devices, whose activity enhancements can be attributed to the synergistic effect between metallic sites and N dopants. While the functionality of single‐metal catalysts is relatively well‐understood, the mechanism and synergy of bimetallic systems are less explored. Herein, the design and fabrication of an integrated flexible electrode based on NiCo2S4/graphitic carbon nitride/carbon nanotube (NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT) are reported. Comparative studies evidence the electronic transfer from bimetallic Ni/Co active sites to abundant pyridinic‐N in underlying g‐C3N4 and the synergistic effect with coupled conductive CNTs for promoting reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the unique coactivation of bimetallic Ni/Co atoms by pyridinic‐N species (a Ni, Co–N2 moiety), which simultaneously downshifts their d‐band center positions and benefits the adsorption/desorption features of oxygen intermediates, accelerating the reaction kinetics. The optimized NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT hybrid manifests outstanding bifunctional performance for catalyzing oxygen reduction/evolution reactions, highly efficient for realistic zinc–air batteries featuring low overpotential, high efficiency, and long durability, superior to those of physical mixed counterparts and state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. The identified bimetallic coactivation mechanism will shed light on the rational design and interfacial engineering of hybrid nanomaterials for diverse applications.
Pd Single‐Atom Catalysts on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for the Highly Selective Photothermal Hydrogenation of Acetylene to Ethylene
Authors: Zhou Shiqi , Shang Lu , Zhao Yunxuan , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Tierui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene in an ethylene‐rich gas stream is an important process in the chemical industry. Pd‐based catalysts are widely used in this reaction due to their excellent hydrogenation activity, though their selectivity for acetylene hydrogenation and durability need improvement. Herein, the successful synthesis of atomically dispersed Pd single‐atom catalysts on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Pd1/N‐graphene) by a freeze‐drying‐assisted method is reported. The Pd1/N‐graphene catalyst exhibits outstanding activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of C2H2 with H2 in the presence of excess C2H4 under photothermal heating (UV and visible‐light irradiation from a Xe lamp), achieving 99% conversion of acetylene and 93.5% selectivity to ethylene at 125 °C. This remarkable catalytic performance is attributed to the high concentration of Pd active sites on the catalyst surface and the weak adsorption energy of ethylene on isolated Pd atoms, which prevents C2H4 hydrogenation. Importantly, the Pd1/N‐graphene catalyst exhibits excellent durability at the optimal reaction temperature of 125 °C, which is explained by the strong local coordination of Pd atoms by nitrogen atoms, which suppresses the Pd aggregation. The results presented here encourage the wider pursuit of solar‐driven photothermal catalyst systems based on single‐atom active sites for selective hydrogenation reactions.
Second‐Harmonic Generation by 3D Laminate Metacrystals
Authors: Wickberg Andreas , Abass Aimi , Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Rockstuhl Carsten , Wegener Martin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract3D dielectric woodpile photonic crystals, which are conformally coated with locally noninversion‐symmetric dielectric laminate metamaterials, are discussed. These “3D laminate metacrystals” are fabricated by 3D direct laser writing of an acrylate without photoinitiator to reduce two‐photon‐induced fluorescence, followed by atomic‐layer deposition of alternating layers of Al2O3 and ZnO. Resonant enhancements of second‐harmonic generation under normal incidence of light of up to two orders of magnitude with respect to the same laminate metamaterial on a glass substrate under oblique incidence of light are found experimentally. The nonlinear optical resonances in the range of 800–1020 nm fundamental wavelength are explained theoretically in terms of 3D photonic crystal slab guided resonances, leading to pronounced local‐field‐enhancement effects. Numerical calculations reproduce the salient features of the experiments and yield second‐harmonic enhancement factors yet larger than the experiment due to the absence of spectral and angular averaging.
Shaping LED Beams with Radially Distributed Waveguide‐Encoded Lattices
Authors: Lin Hao , Benincasa Kathryn A. , Fradin Cecile , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSlim, flexible polymer films imprinted with a radial distribution of cylindrical waveguides precisely control the shape and trajectory of light emitting diode (LED) beams. These radially distributed waveguide‐encoded lattices (RDWEL) are generated when a large, converging population comprising thousands of self‐trapped incandescent beams induces the corresponding array of waveguides in a photopolymerizable fluid. The waveguides are multimoded and impart a seamless field of view (FOV) of 70°, an enhancement of 320%, to the polymer film. A divergent LED beam incident on the plane‐faced RDWEL efficiently couples into its constituent waveguides and, depending on their orientation, is either focused or increases in divergence. In the RDWELDIV configuration, where waveguides diverge along the propagation axis, the LED beam suffers a 45% increase in divergence. When the same film is flipped to the RDWELCONV geometry, where waveguides converge along the propagation axis, the beam focuses to an effective focal length of ≈2 mm. These findings represent a new approach based on wave‐guided beam steering to precisely tailor LED beams. By changing parameters such as the FOV, lattice geometry, refractive index contrast, it would be possible to systematically tailor the shape and propagation of LED beams. This is not possible with existing technologies.
Heart Rate Variability and Acute Stress Among Novice Airway Managers
Authors: Mefford Jason M. , Kahle Sarah , Gupta Shikha , Tancredi Daniel , Danielson Aaron R. , Clarke Samuel O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nature of medical emergencies places emergency physicians at risk for high levels of acute psychological stress (APS). Stress‐modifying techniques like visualization, breath control, and mental practice may help mitigate APS, but objective markers of stress are difficult to measure in the clinical setting. We explored the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), a real‐time measure of autonomic arousal, and self‐reported APS among emergency medicine (EM) residents learning to intubate on actual patients.MethodsThis was a prospective study of postgraduate year 1 (PGY‐1) EM residents at a single academic medical center during their 1‐month anesthesia rotation. We obtained repeated measures of HRV immediately before and during the first intubation attempt each day. Participants completed the modified Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) before intubation attempts and scored intubation difficulty using the Intubation Difficulty Scale. We analyzed HRV using root mean square of successive differences and analyzed data using clustered data methods and Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsWe enrolled eight PGY‐1 residents and recorded 64 intubations. Mean HRV in the 2 minutes before intubation (17.88 ± 9.22) and during intubation (21.17 ± 13.46) was significantly lower than resting baseline (32.09 ± 15.23; adjusted mean difference [95% CI] = –13.90 [–20.35 to –7.45], p < 0.001; and –10.77 [–17.65 to –3.88], p = 0.02). Preintubation anxiety was negatively correlated with HRV (r = –0.39 [–0.58 to –0.16], p = 0.001). Intubation difficulty was not significantly correlated with HRV (r = –0.12 [–0.36 to 0.13], p = 0.35).ConclusionsHRV shows promise as a real‐time index of autonomic arousal and may serve as an outcome measure in the evaluation of stress‐modifying interventions.
Waste paper to bioethanol: Current and future prospective
Authors: Al‐Azkawi Ahlam , Elliston Adam , Al‐Bahry Saif , Sivakumar Nallusamy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBioethanol is considered to be a possible substitute for non‐renewable fossil fuels. Biofuels, including bioethanol, are gradually replacing coal and oil for energy production. It is expected that, by 2040, fossil fuels’ contribution to the world's energy demands will only be 25% with the remaining contribution made up by biofuels. One of the major factors affecting ethanol production is the cost of raw materials, which can be substantially reduced by utilizing industrial or agricultural lignocellulosic wastes. Using waste paper as a feedstock for bioethanol production would reduce the production cost and may eliminate problems in managing this waste material in the environment. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in waste paper are less complicated and so only mild pretreatment is needed before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review covers topics such as bioethanol as a promising alternative to petroleum fuels, feedstocks for bioethanol production, lignocellulosic technology and challenges for ethanol production, advantages and disadvantages of pretreatments methods, waste paper as feedstock for ethanol production, processing of waste paper to ethanol, and the different integration methods of hydrolysis and fermentation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of polyphenols in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs
Authors: Tao Yi , Xu Xin , Yan Jizhong , Cai Baochang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study established a rapid and reliable approach using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of cinnamic acid, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in rat plasma. This is the first report on a comparative pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in rats. After liquid–liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, the plasma samples were subjected to LC–MS/MS for multiple reaction monitoring. The standard curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9991) in the range of 10.0–16000 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were found to be within 15% of the nominal concentration. The recoveries of the three phenolics ranged from 88.7 to 105.7%. Finally, this approach was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic analysis of the three phenolics after oral administration of standard decoction and dispensing granules of C. cassia twigs in rats. Although the values of AUC0–t of vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in standard decoction group were larger than those of the dispensing granule group, no significant difference was observed for the two groups. Of note, the elimination rates of vanillic acid were slower in the standard decoction group than the dispensing granule group.