bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental safety net capacity: An innovative use of existing data to measure dentists’ clinical engagement in state Medicaid programs
Authors: Maxey Hannah L. , Norwood Connor W. , Vaughn Sierra X. , Wang Yumin , Marsh Stacie , Williams John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe demand for dentists available for state Medicaid populations has long outpaced the supply of such providers. To help understand the workforce dynamics, this study sought to develop a novel approach to measuring dentists’ relative contribution to the dental safety net and, using this new measurement, identify demographic and practice characteristics predictive of dentists’ willingness to participate in Indiana's Medicaid program.MethodsWe examined Medicaid claims data for 1,023 Indiana dentists. We fit generalized ordered logistic regression models to measure dentists’ level of clinical engagement with Medicaid. Using a partial proportional odds specification model, we estimated proportional adjusted odds ratios for covariates and separate estimates for each contrast of nonproportional covariates.ResultsThough 75% of Medicaid‐enrolled dentists were active providers, only 27% of them had 800 or more claims during fiscal year 2015. As has been shown in previous studies, our findings from the proportional odds model reinforced certain demographic and practice characteristics to be predictive of dentists’ participation in state Medicaid programs.ConclusionsIn addition to confirming predictive factors for Medicaid enrollment, this study validated the clinical engagement measure as a reliable method to assess the level of Medicaid participation. Prior studies have been limited by self‐reported data and variations in Medicaid claims reporting.Practical implicationsOur findings have implications for state Medicaid policymakers by enabling access to data regarding dental providers’ level of participation in Medicaid in addition to identifying factors predictive of such participation. This information will inform Medicaid program plans and provider recruitment efforts.
Detection of meteoroid impacts by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper on the GOES‐16 satellite
Authors: Jenniskens Peter , Albers Jim , Tillier Clemens E. , Edgington Samantha F. , Longenbaugh Randolph S. , Goodman Steven J. , Rudlosky Scott D. , Hildebrand Alan R. , Hanton Lincoln , Ciceri Fabio , Nowell Richard , Lyytinen Esko , Hladiuk Donald , Free Dwayne , Moskovitz Nicholas , Bright Len , Johnston Christopher O. , Stern Eric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBolides are detected by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper onboard the GOES‐16 weather satellite, which takes images of Earth at a rate of 500 Hz in a 1.1 nm wide pass band centered on 777.4 nm wavelength. Ten case studies are discussed. These initial results were obtained using the Level 0 data received during the nonoperational in‐orbit postlaunch test period. GLM positions and timings are sufficiently accurate to assist in trajectory and orbit reconstruction. GLM samples the light curve nearly completely, unaffected by onboard and downlink processes tailored to lightning data. Sufficient data on the instantaneous background scene are provided to reconstruct the baseline drift in the brightest pixels. The agreement to within a factor of 2–3 between measured total radiated energy from GLM and that derived from other space‐borne observations implies that during the bolide's peak brightness the GLM pass band is dominated by continuum emission, rather than O I line emission. The reported flux is corrected for angle‐from‐nadir shifts in the central wavelength of the pass band, which overestimates continuum flux by only up to 20% for most of the GLM field of view, but more so if the bolide is observed far from nadir. Assuming a 6000 K blackbody spectrum, GLM is able to detect bolides with peak visual magnitude (at a normalized 100 km distance) brighter than about −14 in nighttime, and slightly brighter in daytime.
A brassinosteroid responsive miRNA‐target module regulates gibberellin biosynthesis and plant development
Authors: Gao Jing , Chen Hong , Yang Huifang , He Yong , Tian Zhihong , Li Jianxiong 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Plant growth and development are highly coordinated by hormones, including brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA). Although much progress has been made in understanding the fundamental signaling transduction in BR and GA, their relationship remains elusive in rice.

Here, we show that BR suppresses the level of OsmiR159d, which cleaves the target OsGAMYBL2 gene. The OsmiR159d‐OsGAMYBL2 pair functions as an early BR‐responsive module regulating the expression of BU1, a BR‐regulated gene involved in BR signaling, and CPS1 and GA3ox2, two genes in GA biosynthesis, by binding to the promoters of these genes.

Furthermore, OsGSK2, a key negative player in BR signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents it from being degraded under 24‐epibrassinolide treatment, whereas SLR1, a rice DELLA protein negatively regulating GA signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents OsGAMYBL2 from binding to the target gene promoter. GA signaling induces degradation of OsGAMYBL2 and, consequently, enhances BR signaling.

These results demonstrate that a BR‐responsive module acts as a common component functioning in both BR and GA pathways, which connects BR signaling and GA biosynthesis, and thus coordinates the regulation of BR and GA in plant growth and development.
Life‐course neighbourhood opportunity and racial‐ethnic disparities in risk of preterm birth
Authors: Pearl Michelle , Ahern Jennifer , Hubbard Alan , Laraia Barbara , Shrimali Bina Patel , Poon Victor , Kharrazi Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeighbourhood opportunity, measured by poverty, income and deprivation, has been associated with preterm birth, however little is known about the contribution of early‐life and life‐course neighbourhood opportunity to preterm birth risk and racial‐ethnic disparities. We examined maternal early‐life and adult neighbourhood opportunity in relation to risk of preterm birth and racial‐ethnic disparities in a population‐based cohort of women under age 30.MethodsWe linked census tract poverty data to 2 generations of California births from 1982‐2011 for 403 315 white, black, or Latina mothers‐infant pairs. We estimated the risk of preterm birth, and risk difference (RD) comparing low opportunity (≥20% poverty) in early life or adulthood to high opportunity using targeted maximum likelihood estimation.ResultsAt each time point, low opportunity was related to increased preterm birth risk compared to higher opportunity neighbourhoods for white, black and Latina mothers (RDs 0.3‐0.7%). Compared to high opportunity at both time points, risk differences were generally highest for sustained low opportunity (RD 1.5, 1.3, and 0.7% for white, black and Latina mothers, respectively); risk was elevated with downward mobility (RD 0.7, 1.3, and 0.4% for white, black and Latina mothers, respectively), and with upward mobility only among black mothers (RD 1.2%). The black‐white preterm birth disparity was reduced by 22% under high life‐course opportunity.ConclusionsEarly‐life and sustained exposure to residential poverty is related to increased PTB risk, particularly among black women, and may partially explain persistent black‐white disparities.
Effects of menstrual cycle phase on electrocortical response to reward and depressive symptoms in women
Authors: Mulligan Elizabeth M. , Nelson Brady D. , Infantolino Zachary P. , Luking Katherine R. , Sharma Radhika , Hajcak Greg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe menstrual cycle impacts mood and neural response to reward—phenomena that may be related to natural fluctuations in ovarian hormones. Using a within‐subject design, the present study examined ovarian hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone) and ERPs in response to feedback indicating gains and losses in both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. We examined whether hormone levels and variation in neural response to reward and loss across menstrual cycle phases were associated with depressive symptoms. Participants high in depressive symptoms showed a reduced reward positivity (RewP) to monetary gains during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle as compared to the follicular phase, while those low in depressive symptoms showed no change in the RewP to monetary gains between phases. Thus, increased fluctuation in the neural response to gains (but not losses) across menstrual cycle phases was associated with greater depression symptoms. Overall, findings indicate that hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle may relate to depressive symptoms by altering reward sensitivity. Furthermore, fluctuation in the neural response to rewards over the menstrual cycle may play an important role in the expression of depressive symptoms.
Mitochondrial phylogenomics reveals insights into taxonomy and evolution of Penaeoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: Cheng Jiao , Chan Tin‐Yam , Zhang Nan , Sun Song , Sha Zhong‐li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe taxonomy and phylogeny of Penaeoidea have long been fraught with controversy. Here, we carried out the first mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis on all the penaeoid families and tribes, including nine newly sequenced and 14 published mitogenomes, towards elucidating the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Penaeoidea. All these nine mitogenomes exhibit the pancrustacean ground pattern, except that Benthonectes filipes contains two additional clusters of tRNAAla, tRNAArg and tRNAAsn and an uncommon noncoding region. The resulted phylogenetic tree is generally well resolved with Benthesicymidae sister to Aristeidae, forming a clade with Solenoceridae. Contrary to traditional classification, this clade has a sister relationship with the tribe Penaeini of the family Penaeidae. The family Sicyoniidae is deeply nested within the penaeid tribe Trachypenaeini which forms a sister clade with the remaining penaeid tribe, Parapenaeini. As the family Penaeidae is recovered to be polyphyletic, the three tribes in Penaeidae are all elevated to familial status. On the other hand, the family Sicyoniidae is retained to accommodate Trachypenaeini because they are now synonyms and the former name is more senior. This work is the first molecular analysis concurring with the latest findings in fossil assessments showing that Parapeaneini is the most primitive in Penaeoidae. Our results also illustrate a shallow‐water origin and an onshore–offshore evolutionary shift in penaeoid shrimps.
Widespread Antisense Transcription in Prokaryotes
Authors: Georg Jens , Hess Wolfgang R. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Although bacterial genomes are usually densely protein-coding, genome-wide mapping approaches of transcriptional start sites revealed that a significant fraction of the identified promoters drive the transcription of noncoding RNAs. These can be
trans
-acting RNAs, mainly originating from intergenic regions and, in many studied examples, possessing regulatory functions. However, a significant fraction of these noncoding RNAs consist of natural antisense transcripts (asRNAs), which overlap other transcriptional units. Naturally occurring asRNAs were first observed to play a role in bacterial plasmid replication and in bacteriophage λ more than 30 years ago. Today’s view is that asRNAs abound in all three domains of life. There are several examples of asRNAs in bacteria with clearly defined functions. Nevertheless, many asRNAs appear to result from pervasive initiation of transcription, and some data point toward global functions of such widespread transcriptional activity, explaining why the search for a specific regulatory role is sometimes futile. In this review, we give an overview about the occurrence of antisense transcription in bacteria, highlight particular examples of functionally characterized asRNAs, and discuss recent evidence pointing at global relevance in RNA processing and transcription-coupled DNA repair.
PROGRESS: the PROMISE governance framework to decrease coercion in mental healthcare
Authors: Lombardo Chiara , Van Bortel Tine , Wagner Adam P , Kaminskiy Emma , Wilson Ceri , Krishnamoorthy Theeba , Rae Sarah , Rouse Lorna , Jones Peter Brian , Kar Ray Manaan 
Published: July 2018

Reducing physical intervention in mental health inpatient care is a global priority. It is extremely distressing both to patients and staff. PROactive Management of Integrated Services and Environments (PROMISE) was developed within Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT) to bring about culture change to decrease coercion in care. This study evaluates the changes in physical intervention numbers and patient experience metrics and proposes an easy-to-adopt and adapt governance framework for complex interventions.PROMISE was based on three core values of: providing a caring response to all distress; courage to challenge the status quo; and coproduction of novel solutions. It sought to transform daily front-line interactions related to risk-based restrictive practice that often leads to physical interventions. PROactive Governance of Recovery Settings and Services, a five-step governance framework (Report, Reflect, Review, Rethink and Refresh), was developed in an iterative and organic fashion to oversee the improvement journey and effectively translate information into knowledge, learning and actions.Overall physical interventions reduced from 328 to 241and210 across consecutive years (2014, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively). Indeed, the 2016–2017 total would have been further reduced to 126 were it not for the perceived substantial care needs of one patient. Prone restraints reduced from 82 to 32 (2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively). During 2016–2017, each ward had a continuous 3-month period of no restraints and 4 months without prone restrains. Patient experience surveys (n=4591) for 2014–2017 rated overall satisfaction with care at 87%.CPFT reported fewer physical interventions and maintained high patient experience scores when using a five-pronged governance approach. It has a summative function to define where a team or an organisation is relative to goals and is formative in setting up the next steps relating to action, learning and future planning.
Variation in lifting kinematics related to individual intrinsic lumbar curvature: an investigation in healthy adults
Authors: Pavlova Anastasia V , Meakin Judith R , Cooper Kay , Barr Rebecca J , Aspden Richard M 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveLifting postures are frequently implicated in back pain. We previously related responses to a static load with intrinsic spine shape, and here we investigate the role of lumbar spine shape in lifting kinematics.MethodsThirty healthy adults (18–65 years) performedfreestyle,stoopandsquatlifts with a weighted box (6–15 kg, self-selected) while being recorded by Vicon motion capture. Internal spine shape was characterised using statistical shape modelling (SSM) from standing mid-sagittal MRIs. Associations were investigated between spine shapes quantified by SSM and peak flexion angles.ResultsTwo SSM modes described variations in overall lumbar curvature (mode 1 (M1), 55% variance) and the evenness of curvature distribution (mode 2 (M2), 12% variance). M1 was associated with greater peak pelvis (r=0.38, p=0.04) and smaller knee flexion (r=–0.40, p=0.03) angles; individuals with greater curviness preferred to lift with a stooped lifting posture. This was confirmed by analysis of those individuals with very curvy or very straight spines (|M1|>1 SD). There were no associations between peak flexion angles and mode scores instooporsquattrials (p>0.05). Peak flexion angles were positively correlated betweenfreestyleandsquattrials but not betweenfreestyleandstooporsquatandstoop, indicating that individuals adjusted knee flexion while maintaining their preferred range of lumbar flexion and that ‘squatters’ adapted better to different techniques than ‘stoopers’.ConclusionSpinal curvature affects preferred lifting styles, and individuals with curvier spines adapt more easily to different lifting techniques. Lifting tasks may need to be tailored to an individual’s lumbar spine shape.
Morphofunctional cardiac changes in pregnant women: associations with biomarkers
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Yamada Takahiro , Yamada Satoshi , Ishikawa Satoshi , Furuta Itsuko , Iwano Hiroyuki , Murai Daisuke , Hayashi Taichi , Okada Kazunori , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takashi , Ono Kota , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThis longitudinal study was performed to determine changes in echocardiography parameters in association with various biomarker levels in pregnancy/postpartum.MethodsFifty-one healthy pregnant women underwent echocardiography with simultaneous determination of blood levels of five biomarkers at each of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, immediately postpartum within 1 week after childbirth and approximately 1 month postpartum. Data on 255 echocardiography scans (five times per woman) and biomarkers were analysed.ResultsLeft ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left atrial (LA) volume index and left ventricular (LV) mass index increased with advancing gestation and reached the maximum immediately postpartum concomitant with the highest brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) and creatine kinase MB levels. The inferior vena cava diameter was significantly reduced in the third trimester compared with that in the first trimester and the peak occurred immediately after childbirth. In 255 paired measurements, hs-TnI level was significantly positively correlated with LA volume index and LV mass index; BNP and NT-proBNP were significantly positively correlated with LA volume index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly positively correlated with the average of early diastolic septal and lateral mitral annular velocity (e′).ConclusionsMaximal cardiac changes in morphology occurred postpartum within 1 week after childbirth, not during pregnancy. BNP/NT-proBNP, hs-TnI and eGFR reflected cardiac changes in pregnancy.
Phase I Study of Seviteronel, a Selective CYP17 Lyase and Androgen Receptor Inhibitor, in Men with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gupta Shilpa , Nordquist Luke T. , Fleming Mark T. , Berry William R. , Zhang Jingsong , Ervin Sharon L. , Eisner Joel R. , Baskin-Bey Edwina S. , Shore Neal D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Seviteronel (INO-464) is a selective cytochrome P450c17a (CYP17) 17,20-lyase (lyase) and androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor with antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. This open-label phase I clinical study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and activity of once-daily seviteronel in male chemotherapy-naïve subjects with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Patients and Methods: Seviteronel was administered at 600 mg once daily with dose titration (DT) and in modified 3 + 3 dose escalation once-daily cohorts at 600, 750, and 900 mg without DT. The primary objectives of this study were to establish safety, tolerability, and the MTD of seviteronel in chemotherapy-naïve subjects with or without prior treatment with FDA-approved CRPC treatments, abiraterone acetate (AA), and enzalutamide. Secondary objectives were to assess pharmacokinetics, PSA, tumor response, and endocrine results.
Results: Twenty-one subjects were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed through 750 mg once daily. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (AE) reported at grade 1–2. The most commonly reported AEs were fatigue (71%), dizziness (52%), blurred vision (38%), and dysgeusia (33%), with most AEs improving after dose reduction or dose interruption.
Conclusions: Once-daily seviteronel was generally well tolerated in this phase I study of men with CRPC, a majority of which had progressed on prior AA or enzalutamide, or both. Of the doses evaluated, 600 mg once daily was chosen as the recommended phase II dose for future studies in subjects with CRPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5225–32. ©2018 AACR.
Prognostic Value of Hepatorenal Function By Modified Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score in Patients Undergoing Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Ying‐Xian , Seto Wai‐Kay , Wu Mei‐Zhen , Yu Yu‐Juan , Lam Yui‐Ming , Au Wing‐Kuk , Chan Daniel , Sit Ko‐Yung , Ho Lai‐Ming , Tse Hung‐Fat , Yiu Kai‐Hang 
Published: July 2018

Background

The Model for End‐stage Liver Disease excluding international normalized ratio (
MELD
‐
XI
) score and the modified
MELD
score with albumin replacing international normalized ratio (MELD‐Albumin) score, which reflect both liver and renal function, have been reported as predictors of adverse events in liver and heart disease. Nonetheless, their prognostic value in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty has not been addressed.

Methods and Results

A total of 394 patients who underwent tricuspid annuloplasty were evaluated. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters were recorded. Adverse outcome was defined as the occurrence of heart failure requiring admission or all‐cause mortality. Patients who underwent tricuspid annuloplasty had a high prevalence of preoperative hepatorenal dysfunction that was more common in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation than those with mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation. The
MELD
‐
XI
and
MELD
‐Albumin scores were excellent predictors of 1‐year adverse outcome (area under the curve: 0.69 and 0.75, respectively). Kaplan–Meier survival curve demonstrated that a high score on
MELD
‐
XI
(≥12.0) and
MELD
‐Albumin (≥10.7) was associated with an increased risk of adverse events. During a median follow‐up of 40 months, both
MELD
‐
XI
and
MELD
‐Albumin scores were significantly associated with adverse outcome, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Significant improvement of hepatorenal function at 1 year postoperation was noted only in patients who had no adverse events, not in those who experienced an adverse outcome.

Conclusions

Both
MELD
‐
XI
score and
MELD
‐Albumin score can provide useful information to predict adverse outcome in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty. The present study supports monitoring of modified
MELD
score to improve preoperative risk stratification of these patients.
Difficulty of Reaching Respondents and Nonresponse Bias: Evidence from Large Government Surveys
Authors: Heffetz Ori , Reeves Daniel B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
How high is unemployment? How low is labor force participation? Is obesity more prevalent among men? How large are household expenditures? We study the sources of the relevant official statistics—the Current Population Survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey—and find that the answers depend on whether we look at easy- or at difficult-to-reach respondents, measured by the number of call and visit attempts made by interviewers. A challenge to the (conditionally-)random-nonresponse assumption, these findings empirically substantiate the theoretical warning against making population-wide estimates from surveys with low response rates.
The Market for High-Quality Medicine: Retail Chain Entry and Drug Quality in India
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Yin Wesley 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examines the effect of chain store entry on drug quality and prices in India. In contrast to prevailing mom-and-pop pharmacies, chains exploit scale economies in distribution and signaling to offer high-quality drugs at lower cost. We show that chain entry leads to a 5% improvement in drug quality and a 2% decrease in prices at incumbent retailers. Effects are larger for locally distributed drug brands but do not depend on consumer SES. Our findings suggest that in markets with asymmetric information, organizational technologies such as chains can play an important role translating market expansion into higher quality.