bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change alters low flows in Europe under global warming of 1.5, 2, and 3 °C
Authors: Marx Andreas , Kumar Rohini , Thober Stephan , Rakovec Oldrich , Wanders Niko , Zink Matthias , Wood Eric F. , Pan Ming , Sheffield Justin , Samaniego Luis 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. There is growing evidence that climate change will alter water availability in Europe. Here, we investigate how hydrological low flows are affected under different levels of future global warming (i.e. 1.5, 2, and 3 K with respect to the pre-industrial period) in rivers with a contributing area of more than 1000 km2. The analysis is based on a multi-model ensemble of 45 hydrological simulations based on three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP6.0, RCP8.5), five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs: GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, NorESM1-M) and three state-of-the-art hydrological models (HMs: mHM, Noah-MP, and PCR-GLOBWB). High-resolution model results are available at a spatial resolution of 5 km across the pan-European domain at a daily temporal resolution. Low river flow is described as the percentile of daily streamflow that is exceeded 90 % of the time. It is determined separately for each GCM/HM combination and warming scenario. The results show that the low-flow change signal amplifies with increasing warming levels. Low flows decrease in the Mediterranean region, while they increase in the Alpine and Northern regions. In the Mediterranean, the level of warming amplifies the signal from −12 % under 1.5 K, compared to the baseline period 1971–2000, to −35 % under global warming of 3 K, largely due to the projected decreases in annual precipitation. In contrast, the signal is amplified from +22 (1.5 K) to +45 % (3 K) in the Alpine region due to changes in snow accumulation. The changes in low flows are significant for regions with relatively large change signals and under higher levels of warming. However, it is not possible to distinguish climate-induced differences in low flows between 1.5 and 2 K warming because of (1) the large inter-annual variability which prevents distinguishing statistical estimates of period-averaged changes for a given GCM/HM combination, and (2) the uncertainty in the multi-model ensemble expressed by the signal-to-noise ratio. The contribution by the GCMs to the uncertainty in the model results is generally higher than the one by the HMs. However, the uncertainty due to HMs cannot be neglected. In the Alpine, Northern, and Mediterranean regions, the uncertainty contribution by the HMs is partly higher than those by the GCMs due to different representations of processes such as snow, soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended (1) to use multiple HMs in climate impact studies and (2) to embrace uncertainty information on the multi-model ensemble as well as its single members in the adaptation process.
Near-real-time adjusted reanalysis forcing data for hydrology
Authors: Berg Peter , Donnelly Chantal , Gustafsson David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Extending climatological forcing data to current and real-time forcing is a
necessary task for hydrological forecasting. While such data are often
readily available nationally, it is harder to find fit-for-purpose global
data sets that span long climatological periods through to near-real time.
Hydrological simulations are generally sensitive to bias in the
meteorological forcing data, especially relative to the data used for the
calibration of the model. The lack of high-quality daily resolution data on a
global scale has previously been solved by adjusting reanalysis data with
global gridded observations. However, existing data sets of this type have
been produced for a fixed past time period determined by the main global
observational data sets. Long delays between updates of these data sets
leaves a data gap between the present day and the end of the data set.
Further, hydrological forecasts require initializations of the current state
of the snow, soil and lake (and sometimes river) storage. This is normally
conceived by forcing the model with observed meteorological conditions for an
extended spin-up period, typically at a daily time step, to calculate the
initial state. Here, we present and evaluate a method named HydroGFD
(Hydrological Global Forcing Data) to combine different data sets in order to
produce near-real-time updated hydrological forcing data of temperature and
precipitation that are compatible with the products covering the
climatological period. HydroGFD resembles the already established WFDEI (WATCH Forcing Data–ERA-Interim)
method (Weedon et al., 2014) closely but uses updated climatological
observations, and for the near-real time it uses interim products that apply
similar methods. This allows HydroGFD to produce updated forcing data
including the previous calendar month around the 10th of each month. We
present the HydroGFD method and therewith produced data sets, which are
evaluated against global data sets, as well as with hydrological simulations
with the HYPE (Hydrological Predictions for the Environment) model over Europe and the Arctic regions. We show that HydroGFD
performs similarly to WFDEI and that the updated period significantly reduces
the bias of the reanalysis data. For real-time updates until the current day,
extending HydroGFD with operational meteorological forecasts, a large drift
is present in the hydrological simulations due to the bias of the
meteorological forecasting model.
The Power of Gestalt Therapy in Accessing the Transpersonal: Working with Physical Difference and Disability
Authors: Bowman Deborah, , Leakey Tricia A., 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Gestalt therapy is a powerful tool for accessing transpersonal domains. Three Gestalt experiments are described that took place in a year-long class at Naropa University. For each of these sessions, Deborah was the teacher/facilitator and Trish was the student/client. These Gestalt experiments are presented as demonstrations of: (1) Gestalt theory in action, (2) the applicability of Gestalt therapy with special populations, and (3) ways in which Gestalt practice can lead to spiritual unfolding. We demonstrate how Gestalt is used as a transformative approach in working through issues of physical difference, including hearing impairment, that are central to the person and sensory in nature.
Group as Teacher: The Gestalt-informed Peer Learning Community as a Transpersonal Vehicle for Organizational Healing
Authors: Barber Paul, 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAfter reviewing Gestalt's parity with Zen and Taoism, this paper illuminates the evolution of the Gestalt-informed peer learning community's emergence out of the tradition of Therapeutic Community Practice (Main, 1946), before exploring the potential of the same to engender development and healing. Parallel to this review of organizational renewal is a case study of change in a university setting, and the fostering of a peer learning community in an established charismatic organization. Within the body of the text, four qualitative research methods are integrated; an analysis of organizational culture is performed through the application of a diagnostic tool derived from the Gestalt's contact-withdrawal cycle (Critchley & Casey, 1989); community dynamics are assessed via field analysis (Lewin, 1952; Parlett, 1993); action research (Lewin, 1947) is used to collaboratively inquire into the success of the Gestalt-informed peer learning community through the voices of its participants; and a case study approach is employed to illuminate the day-to-day drama of facilitating cultural change within a resistive commercial setting. Last, the author illuminates learning he has accrued as a change agent and offers insights to help others who may wish to establish similar peer learning communities in a commercial setting.
Countertransference, Dialogue, and Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Thomas Barbara Y., 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn outgrowth of Freud's conception of transference, countertransference was originally viewed as a disruptive force in psychotherapy, one which interfered with the therapist's professional neutrality and objectivity. However, in Gestalt therapy theory and practice, the therapist's subjectivity is viewed as an inevitable and natural dimension of the therapeutic process. A conceptualization of countertransference that presupposes the subjective presence of the therapist to be an inherent obstacle to be overcome is incompatible with Gestalt theory and practice. Yet, we must acknowledge that, at times, some thoughts, feelings, and behavior growing out of the therapist's subjective experience do indeed have the potential to damage the therapeutic relationship and process. This article offers, as an alternative to traditional concepts of countertransference, one based on a dialogical approach to psychotherapy. Such an approach can serve as a useful model to assist the therapist in sustaining successful therapist-client dialogues within the framework of Gestalt therapy theory and practice.
The Myth of Closure
Authors: Melnick Joseph, , Roos Susan, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Since the traumatic events of September 11, 2001, the concept of closure in dealing with grief and loss has received increased attention. In this article, we challenge the popular belief that a lack of completion forms the core of neurosis resulting in a decreased ability to live a lively present-centered life. We begin by reviewing prevalent, traditional, linear models and approaches to human suffering and grief. We then provide reasons for doubting the utility of linear models that are related to constructs of closure, describe emerging non-linear paradigms for grief and loss, and emphasize the evolving Gestalt perspective. Finally, we discuss benefits of non-closure and end with a vignette illustrating our belief that closure does not occur for significant loss and that there are advantages of non-closure during a lifetime.
Enriched Awareness and Fuller Citizenship
Authors: Lichtenberg Philip, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
George Bush and Tony Blair, following historical precedent, mobilized the citizens of their countries for the invasion of Iraq by emphasizing the threat to their societies posed by Iraqi leaders. This essay explores from a Gestalt therapy perspective why many citizens are ready to accept or accommodate this common leadership strategy. It focuses on a special understanding of the ingredients of awareness in everyday life. In times of uncertainty about being safe, cultural leaders emphasize strength and power, and downgrade or scorn vulnerability and weakness. Citizens either hide or lose touch with significant contributions to their awareness from their bodies and past unfinished business. Recapturing a sense of vulnerability personally and socially, without being manipulative when revealing that sense, revitalizes one's capacity to be influential as well as more secure in an uncertain world. Support in social discourse is a vital necessity.
Contact and the Phenomena of Autism
Authors: Audet Lisa R., , Shub Norman, 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren with autism demonstrate significant and lifelong difficulties understanding and communicating emotional content. Their ability to establish mutually satisfying relationships is often severely impaired. Although numerous methods have been developed to address the social–communicative aspects of this neurological impairment, few methods have been developed that assist the child with autism in making contact with his/her world and thus establish a foundation through which relationships can be developed. Gestalt therapy provides a rich context in which the child can explore and develop his/her emotional base. This paper examines the application of Gestalt therapy to the treatment of children with autism.
Trifocal Vision:A Practical Field Perspective on Organizations for Managers and Consultants
Authors: Gaffney Seán, , Jensen Ivan, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper aspires to present a contemporaneous view of “Gestalt at work” in organizations. It offers a number of assertions and proposals concerning the perceptions of executive management and/or consultants with the intention of informing evaluation and assessment practice from a Gestalt perspective within organizations. We are proposing three polishings of the lenses used in viewing organizations, allowing for a choice of perceptions—and/or all three. We call them: (1) levels of complexity, (2) domains of causality, and (3) aspects of organization. Since the emphasis is on informing practice, our assertions and proposals are anchored in a sound theoretical base that will serve as ground rather than figure for the article. Vignettes of actual organizational issues from the authors' practices are included as mini-cases to which the thinking presented can be applied.
Commentary II: The Age of Complexity: Paul Goodman in the 21st Century—A Critical Assessment: Love and the Autonomous Self
Authors: Stoehr Taylor, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
As Gordon Wheeler's essay argues, Paul Goodman's analysis of the self as a manifestation of the organism/environment contact boundary bypasses many traditional dualisms, such as self/other or subject/object. This comment on Wheeler's article explores Goodman's personal experience of one such dualism, the “autonomous self” and the “lover”—revealing some ways in which he suffered from both ego and Eros in his own life, and ways in which he tried to transcend their constraints.
When Poor is Rich: Transformative Power of I-Thou Relationships in a Brazilian Favela
Authors: Neville Mary Grace, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article explores an economically poor group of people who create relational wealth for themselves as they learn to live at the boundary of rich human contact. The community's story, and the stories of individuals within the community, demonstrate the ways that our conventional notions of wealth (i.e., money and societal power) can be shifted fundamentally to include concepts of wealth encompassing holistic well being. The ethnographic data for this study is analyzed using a Gestalt theory lens, drawing heavily upon Martin Buber's philosophy of I-It and I-Thou relationships. The author concludes by suggesting that this essential notion of fostering humanness holds potential for transformation and social change.
Commentary I: The Cycle of Experience Re-Cycled: Then, Now...Next? Let's Go Round Again: Cycle of Experience or Sequence of Contact? Dan Bloom Has Another Go with Seán Gaffney
Authors: Bloom Dan, 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe distinction between the Cycle of Experience and the sequence of contacting has significant implications. Dan Bloom argues that Seán Gaffney's improvement to it still does not remedy the widespread misimpressions within Gestalt therapy for which the Cycle of Experience has been responsible. Bloom urges that the sequence of contact provides a descriptive and explanatory model, which is more philosophically, psychologically, and historically grounded than the Cycle of Experience. The sequence of contact may be initially more challenging to teach, but it is a more substantial ground for the praxis of Gestalt therapy. Gaffney's re-Cycle incorporates much of the sequence of contact but remains problematic so long as it continues to be linked to the Cycle of Experience.
Commentary II: The Cycle of Experience Re-Cycled: Then, Now ... Next?
Authors: Nevis Edwin C., 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This commentary elaborates on the developmental history of the Cycle of Experience, and adds to the narrative of Seán Gaffney. The argument is made, in support of Gaffney's contention, that the Contacting Sequence and the Cycle of Experience describe the same fundamental biological and social process. By indicating the cultural milieu out of which the Cycle emerged and the motivation that supported it, a more robust picture is presented as to how the Cycle variation developed. Modifications over time are discussed, and the commentary ends with a statement of what the author considers a needed next step.
Executive Functions: A Neuropsychological Understanding of Self-Regulation
Authors: Brownell Philip, 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article explores self-regulation, a key concept in Gestalt therapy, as a neuropsychological process and a function of the frontal lobes and pre-frontal cortex. More specifically, it defines the executive functions as the higher cognitive capacities that support the processes of self-regulation. It presents emergence as a description of the way in which such higher cognition gives rise to the experience of self, with its higher level of integration, and in which self-regulation exhibits agency and the first-person perspective of subjective experience is identified as one's own.
Developing the Concept of Organismic Need
Authors: Kenofer Bruce 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The emergence and satisfaction of physiological needs such as hunger or thirst in the service of homeostasis has served as the paradigmatic example for organismic self-regulation within Gestalt therapy theory. It is argued that this metaphor is a poor model of organismic self-regulation; it obscures not only differences between separable processes of homeostatic and equilibrative regulation, but also differences between physiological and psychological needs. This, in turn, has led to the failure to recognize the developmental nature of psychological needs. Kegan's model of self-development is presented as an illustration of a developmentally sensitive approach.
Contempt
Authors: Melnick Joseph , Nevis Sonia March 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA perusal of any newspaper will generate many stories of escalating violence–physical, psychological, and emotional–across a wide range of relationships. These include violence towards one's self; within marriages and families; and between religious groups, political parties, and countries. In this article, we hypothesize that the concept of contempt can shed light on how these destructive thoughts, feelings, and actions get generated and maintained. After first describing its origins and defining it, we will discuss how to work with contempt on many levels of system.
Calling for a Gestalt Developmental Perspective
Authors: Kalaitzi Elpida 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to address the need for a developmental theory in Gestalt therapy, and to discuss whether a Gestalt developmental perspective is possible (Part I). For this purpose, Gordon Wheeler's suggestion for a whole-field developmental model will be reviewed. In the second part of the paper, some basic concepts of Self psychology and Intersubjective systems theory (Intersubjectivity theory) will be presented to show how they bear similarity with Gestalt therapy theory. More specifically, the developmental ideas of these theories, and their possible contribution to the formation of a Gestalt developmental theory, will be presented. The third part will describe what a development-oriented Gestalt approach would entail.
C'mon Now, Let's Get Serious about Research
Authors: Brownell Philip 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article considers a contemporary philosophy of science as a product of naturalism, critical realism, and postpositivism. This contemporary philosophy of science undergirds the selection of methods for ascertaining and developing evidence to support an evidence-based practice. The article provides a description of the steps one might make in constructing one's own evidence-based practice. It also offers a contrast between the views of some prominent Gestalt therapists and the pro-research oriented perspective.
A Pragmatic Perspective on the Gestalt Therapy Experience
Authors: Beja Vincent 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The author develops a pragmatic perspective on the therapeutic experience, in particular from the therapist's perspective, and this is done in two essential realms. He suggests, on the one hand, that the therapist's aim with the client might be to teach “attentive gestures” that allow the progress of the process of awareness. On the other hand, by putting cooperative action in the center of the transformation process, he emphasizes that being a Gestaltist “is constantly and patiently to establish the conditions of intense cooperation, and remain open to the opportunity of a joint and continual investigation on hazards inherent in this cooperation.”
Gestalt Approaches to Gender Identity Issues: A Case Study of a Transgender Therapy Group in Oslo
Authors: Kolmannskog Vikram 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper is based on a case study of a transgender therapy group I facilitated in Oslo in January and February 2013. The two interlinked research questions are: How can a Gestalt therapist approach gender identity issues and transgender people in particular? What are the important experiences and changes that transgender people report from a Gestalt-inspired group? The case study particularly highlights the importance of phenomenology, polarities, and certain modes of contact, and it illustrates the practice of the former in three case descriptions and discussions. The paper concludes that Gestalt can work as a transpositive approach in accordance with a new paradigm within transgender health, the “Transgender Model.” In addition to working with transgender clients, Gestalt therapists should also address gender identity issues within the larger social field, including norms and polarities on group and societal levels.
Goals and the Borderline Client: A Gestalt Therapy Approach
Authors: Greenberg Elinor 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Clients who have made Borderline Personality Adaptations often find it difficult to identify and reach personally meaningful goals. In this paper, Greenberg describes a simple method that these clients can utilize as a general template to identify realistic steps toward their goals and anticipate and overcome obstacles. A major problem these clients encounter is that their goals may quickly become part of the unseen ground of their experience as other compelling feelings, desires, and needs become foregrounded. Greenberg describes and demonstrates how to use the Gestalt principle of figure/ground formation to help these clients. Detailed clinical examples that demonstrate how to use this method are given, commonly encountered problems are discussed, and possible solutions are suggested.
Racial Identity Resolution Process: A Gestalt Perspective
Authors: Plummer Deborah L. , Fernbacher Sabin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article explores the construct of use-of-self as it relates to racial identity resolution: a developmental process that occurs for everyone, and a process characterized by the psychological connection we have with our race. Living in an increasingly multiracial society, achieving healthy racial identity resolution, and understanding ourselves as racial beings, is complex. Gestalt principles offer a framework for broadening our ways of knowing beyond provincial thinking, in support of a healthy racial identity resolution and insights for effectively navigating a multiracial society. As we interact in our environment and work toward healthy racial identity, we become increasingly susceptible to biases and stereotypes. Thus, this article explores further the concept of unconscious bias and, informed by Gestalt principles, how we might move from unconscious bias to unconscious awareness.
Achieving healthy identity development resolution and managing unconscious bias require awareness of both self and environment. Gestalt principles provide insight into these processes and into use of self-as-a-tool toward effectively leveraging differences —our own and those of others—in an increasingly multiracial society.