bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNPACKING THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ON DISASTER RESILIENCE: A COMPARISON OF EXPERT PERSPECTIVES
Authors: BOYER Eric J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPublic managers are under increasing pressure to develop and operate physical infrastructure systems that prove resilient in the face of natural disasters. At the same time, fiscal pressures and mounting infrastructure needs are drawing more and more attention to public–private partnerships (PPP) as a mechanism for delivering infrastructure. The research question guiding this study is how can the institutional designs of PPPs influence the potential for improving infrastructure resilience? We examined the perceived relationship between infrastructure resilience and PPPs by conducting and analyzing research interviews with twenty‐four senior infrastructure experts in Washington, DC. The results reflect findings of related privatization research, indicating that market‐based incentives can advance public values such as resilience, but the responsibility for ensuring they do so rests primarily with government. We note key differences in how the infrastructure investment experts and disaster resilience experts view issues in infrastructure management, and provide suggestions for improving public‐private collaboration to improve resilience.
Can conscientious objection lead to eugenic practices against LGBT individuals?
Authors: Saad Toni C. , Rodger Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Abram Brummett argues that new and future assisted reproductive technologies will provide challenging ethical questions relating to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons. Brummett notes that it is likely that some clinicians may wish to conscientiously object to offering assisted reproductive technologies to LGBT couples on moral or religious grounds, and argues that such appeals to conscience should be constrained. We argue that Brummett's case is unsuccessful because he: does not adequately interact with his opponents’ views; equivocates on the meaning of ‘natural’; fails to show that the practice he opposes is eugenic in any non‐trivial sense; and fails to justify and explicate the relevance of the naturalism he proposes. We do not argue that conscience protections should exist for those objecting to providing LGBT people with artificial reproductive technologies, but only show that Brummett's arguments are insufficient to prove that they should not.
The clinical approach used in supporting individuals with intellectual disability who have been sexually abused
Authors: O’Malley Grace , Irwin Lynn , Syed Akhtar Ali , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: February 2019

Accessible Summary

Sexual abuse is when someone does something sexual to someone else when they do not want them to. We wanted to find out how people get help after sexual abuse.

We learned that talking with a psychologist or with staff helps. It is best if these are people you trust.

It is also important that you know that the help will work.

How everyone involved in a person's support thinks about the abuse also plays a role in the kind of help a person gets.

AbstractBackgroundAlthough sexual abuse (SA) constitutes a significant problem in intellectual disability settings, little is known regarding how services support individuals with intellectual disability who have been abused.MethodUsing a qualitative design, we explored how one voluntary community service, and in particular their psychology department, responded when people with intellectual disability presented with a clinical need regarding an abuse history. A collective case study was completed based on triangulated data from the clinical files of six individuals with intellectual disability, and based on nine interviews with individuals and/or informants (i.e., psychologists, staff) regarding the six cases.ResultsThematic analysis indicated psychology's and staff's role in delivering behavioural support and psychotherapy. Themes of trust, confidence and suggestibility are relevant to the therapeutic process in cases of abuse, while factors such as the attitudes of support providers may impact therapeutic engagement.ConclusionsIn the absence of a sufficient evidence base in intellectual disability, there is little to guide clinicians working psychotherapeutically with the issue of SA and further research is crucial. While practitioners may perceive particular approaches to be helpful, caution is warranted and feedback from multiple stakeholders is an essential component of safe practice in instances of the delivery of an experimental approach.
Pathology of white matter integrity in three major white matter fasciculi: A post‐mortem study of schizophrenia and treatment status
Authors: Schoonover Kirsten E. , Farmer Charlene B. , Cash Andrew E. , Roberts Rosalinda C. 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeImaging studies have shown that people with schizophrenia exhibit abnormal connectivity termed “dysconnectivity” in several white matter tracts, including the cingulum bundle (CB), corpus callosum (CC), and arcuate fasciculus (AF). This study aimed to elucidate potential contributors to schizophrenia “dysconnectivity.”Experimental ApproachWestern blot analysis was used to compare protein levels of myelin basic protein, neurofilament heavy, autophagosome marker LC3, and microtubule marker α‐tubulin in post‐mortem human CB, CC, and AF in schizophrenia subjects (SZ) and matched normal controls (NC). Additionally, SZ cases were subdivided by treatment status: off‐medication (OFF) or on‐medication (ON).Key ResultsIn the CC, the combined SZ group exhibited less neurofilament heavy protein than the NCs. In the CB, the combined SZ group had similar levels of α‐tubulin protein versus NC, but OFF subjects had increased α‐tubulin protein versus ON and NCs. There were significant correlations between α‐tubulin and all other proteins but only in the CB. The strong negative relationship between α‐tubulin versus myelin basic protein and α‐tubulin versus LC3 in NCs was absent in SZs; coefficients comparison showed significant differences. Preliminary race analyses revealed that African American SZ had less AF α‐tubulin than Caucasian SZ and African American normal controls.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results show a relationship between tract‐ and protein‐specific abnormalities and diagnosis, treatment, and race. These data suggest there is a dysregulation of the relationship between α‐tubulin and the other markers of white matter integrity observed in the CB in schizophrenia.
Exploring oral healthcare management across Australian community pharmacies using case vignettes
Authors: Taing Meng‐Wong , Firth Norman , Ford Pauline J. , Freeman Christopher R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn Australia, more than 80% of pharmacists and pharmacy assistants are consulted for oral healthcare advice up to five times or more each week. This study assesses Australian community pharmacy staff's (pharmacists and pharmacy assistants) ability to recognize and manage common oral health presentations using case vignettes, and determine whether appropriate identification and management are associated with self‐reported confidence.MethodsFive oral healthcare case vignettes were developed based on previous literature by a multidisciplinary team of dental and pharmacy practitioner academics. Topics included pulpitis, gingivitis, oral hygiene advice for a toddler, a mouth ulcer and a dry mouth scenario. Pharmacies were randomly selected from each Australian State and Territory and community pharmacy staff invited to complete the case vignettes.ResultsA total of 312 and 932 case vignettes were completed by pharmacy assistants and pharmacists, respectively. Approximately one‐third of staff appropriately identified a non‐healing mouth ulcer and up to 16% recognized a pulpitis (inflamed dental pulp) presentation. Provision of best practice or evidence‐based recommendations were reported in up to 28%, 19%, 57% and 31% of pharmacy staff offering appropriate advice and guidance for pulpitis, gingivitis, a non‐healing mouth ulcer and oral health promotion messages, respectively. No participants provided all best practice recommendations for drug‐induced xerostomia. In all five vignettes, confidence was not associated with best practice recommendations and was only modestly associated with improved rates for recognizing gingivitis symptoms.ConclusionsTo allow community pharmacists and assistants to fulfil their role as important members of the oral healthcare team, additional training and support are required to facilitate improved recognition of common oral health presentations and to offer recommendations which are in line with current best practice guidelines.
Trait–environment relationships in Amazon stream fish assemblages
Authors: Santos Luciana L. , Benone Naraiana L. , Soares Bruno E. , Barthem Ronaldo B. , Montag Luciano F. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudies of trait–environment relationships provide important tools for the prediction of the response of biological communities to environmental alterations. The Amazon basin presents enormous potential for the development of research on this type of relationship, given the diversity of both its fish fauna and the aquatic ecosystems this fauna inhabits. The present study investigated the association between local environmental variables and the functional traits of fish in 54 streams of six major Amazonian basins. We identified the relationship between the characteristics of the streams (channel morphology, channel habitat units, riparian vegetation cover, large woody fragments and instream cover for aquatic organisms) and fish traits related to locomotion, habitat use and feeding behaviour. The fish fauna of the broader, deeper and more slowly flowing streams was dominated by nektobenthic species that exploit autochthonous resources such as fish and invertebrates. In narrow, fast‐flowing streams, by contrast, there was a predominance of benthic fishes with varying feeding habits, including periphytivorous and invertivorous species. Narrow, shady streams were inhabited by nektonic species adapted for the exploitation of resources from the marginal vegetation. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the association between the functional structure of fish assemblages and local environmental variables in Amazonian streams. We hope that these findings will stimulate further research into the natural variation in stream fish assemblages that will ensure the development of more effective management strategies that better protect these important aquatic ecosystems.
“I am a lefty in a right‐handed world”: Qualitative analysis of clinical learning experience of left‐handed undergraduate dental students
Authors: Al Lawati Imad , Al Maskari Hind , Ma Sunyoung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐handedness is the preferential use of the left hand in single‐handed activities such as writing. There are many studies in the literature on left‐handedness in relation to professional sports, medicine and surgery. Although dentistry largely depends on manual dexterity and hand skills, there has been little research to investigate the effect of left‐handedness on clinical dentistry, particularly in Australasia.AimTo gain an insight into the clinical learning experience of left‐handed undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.MethodsPurposive sampling of left‐handed students was done within the final‐year class of undergraduate dental students, and they were invited to participate in a semi‐structured group interview to discuss their clinical learning experience at the Faculty. Six participants agreed to participate, and the interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Collected data were analysed using a thematic inductive/interpretive analysis approach according to the constructivist grounded theory.ResultsAll participants reported having clinical difficulties being left‐handed students learning using right‐handed equipment. There was a common theme of experiencing hand and wrist musculoskeletal problems as well as feeling of guilt causing patient discomfort during treatment. The majority of participants reported incidents where they were told by their supervisors to learn practising dentistry with their right hand and they felt that little guidance was given on how to operate as a left‐handed clinician. All participants perceived that being a left‐handed operator affected their efficiency and confidence level in their early clinical years.ConclusionLeft‐handed students have a strong sense of adaptability. However, in order to improve the learning experience regardless of the difference in the operator's preference of dominant hand, students should be provided with appropriate equipment such as ambidextrous dental chairs and professional guidance, especially during their early career.
Hippocampal activation of 5‐HT1B receptors and BDNF production by vagus nerve stimulation in rats under chronic restraint stress
Authors: Shin Hwa Chul , Jo Byung Gon , Lee Chan‐Yong , Lee Kang‐Woo , Namgung Uk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA growing body of evidence shows that the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can improve mental illness including depression. Here, we investigated whether the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is involved in regulating the responsiveness of hippocampal neurons in rats under chronic restraint stress (CRS). c‐Fos protein signals were detected 2 hr after VNS in 5‐HT1A receptor‐positive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) as well as in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Chronic VNS was performed on a daily basis for 2 weeks using an implanted microelectrode in rats that had undergone CRS for 2 weeks. We found that the levels of both 5‐HT1B receptors and phospho‐Erk1/2 were decreased in parallel in the hippocampal neurons of CRS animals and then increased to the baseline levels by chronic VNS. Hippocampal induction of 5‐HT1B receptors and phospho‐Erk1/2 by VNS was diminished after the injection of 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine (5,7‐DHT), a neurotoxin of serotonergic neurons, into the DRN. Hippocampal production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also upregulated by VNS, but the treatment of 5,7‐DHT abrogated the effects of VNS on BDNF induction. VNS in CRS animals improved the behavioral scores in forced swimming test (FST) compared to sham‐stimulated control. Our results suggest that VNS‐mediated serotonergic input via 5‐HT1B receptors into the hippocampal neurons may activate BDNF pathway and improve depressive‐like behaviors in CRS animals.
Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth
Authors: Ybarra Marci , Stanczyk Alexandra , Ha Yoonsook 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the relationships between state‐sponsored paid leave, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) generosity and participation, and material hardship among low‐income single women following a birth.BackgroundPast research has examined the relationship between public assistance and paid leave after a birth, finding reductions in program enrollment. This research has not accounted for variation in program benefits across states and has largely overlooked implications for family well‐being.MethodWe use a sample (N = 1,174) of low‐income single women who gave birth between 1997 and 2001 from the Survey of Income and Public Program Participation and include measures of TANF generosity across states and over time that were constructed from the Welfare Rules database. A series of multivariate probit regression models are used to estimate the relationship between TANF generosity, paid leave availability, welfare participation, and material hardship while controlling for relevant individual and state‐level characteristics.ResultsPaid leave was associated with less TANF participation, but these reduction are related to the program's generosity. Paid leave, states' welfare work exemptions for mothers of infants, and TANF earnings eligibility limits were associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing some forms of material hardship.ConclusionSome forms of paid leave and TANF program generosity are related to reductions in TANF participation and material hardship after a birth for low‐income single women.ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that researchers should account for variation in TANF programs when considering changes in program enrollment associated with paid leave. Results suggest paid leave may help alleviate some forms of economic stress after a birth, which has implications for maternal, infant, and family well‐being.
Microbial assemblage and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the 1.38 Ga Velkerri Formation, McArthur Basin, northern Australia
Authors: Jarrett Amber J. M. , Cox Grant M. , Brocks Jochen J. , Grosjean Emmanuelle , Boreham Chris J. , Edwards Dianne S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ca. 1.38 billion years (Ga) old Roper Group of the McArthur Basin, northern Australia, is one of the most extensive Proterozoic hydrocarbon‐bearing units. Organic‐rich black siltstones from the Velkerri Formation were deposited in a deep‐water sequence and were analysed to determine their organic geochemical (biomarker) signatures, which were used to interpret the microbial diversity and palaeoenvironment of the Roper Seaway. The indigenous hydrocarbon biomarker assemblages describe a water column dominated by bacteria with large‐scale heterotrophic reworking of the organic matter in the water column or bottom sediment. Possible evidence for microbial reworking includes a large unresolved complex mixture (UCM), high ratios of mid‐chained and terminally branched monomethyl alkanes relative to n‐alkanes—features characteristic of indigenous Proterozoic bitumen. Steranes, biomarkers for single‐celled and multicellular eukaryotes, were below detection limits in all extracts analysed, despite eukaryotic microfossils having been previously identified in the Roper Group, albeit largely in organically lean shallower water facies. These data suggest that eukaryotes, while present in the Roper Seaway, were ecologically restricted and contributed little to export production. The 2,3,4‐ and 2,3,6‐trimethyl aryl isoprenoids (TMAI) were absent or in very low concentration in the Velkerri Formation. The low abundance is primary and not caused by thermal destruction. The combination of increased dibenzothiophene in the Amungee Member of the Velkerri Formation and trace metal redox geochemistry suggests that degradation of carotenoids occurred during intermittent oxygen exposure at the sediment–water interface and/or the water column was rarely euxinic in the photic zone and likely only transiently euxinic at depth. A comparison of this work with recently published biomarker and trace elemental studies from other mid‐Proterozoic basins demonstrates that microbial environments, water column geochemistry and basin redox were heterogeneous.
The use of nurse‐administered vascular access audit in home hemodialysis patients: A quality initiative
Authors: Dhruve Miten , Faratro Rose , D'Gama Celine , Fung Stella , Arustei Daniela , Wong Elizabeth , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Vascular access complications are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in home hemodialysis (HHD). Nurse‐administered vascular access checklist is a feasible quality improvement strategy aimed to lower HHD access errors.
Methods: We conducted a prospective quality improvement initiative for consecutive HHD patients between April 2013 and December 2016 at the Toronto General Hospital. Vascular access audits were administered every 6 months during clinic visits and during retraining sessions after an infection. We aimed to (1) determine whether prospective serial administration of vascular audit will decrease in the number of errors performed by the patient and (2) to determine whether there is an association between the number of errors and vascular access related infection.
Findings: A total of 370 audits were performed on 122 patients with a mean HHD vintage of 6.7 (0.8–19.5) years. The mean number of errors per patient decreased from 1.24 ± 1.75 (baseline) to 0.33 ± 0.49 (last follow‐up), P < 0.001. Among patients who had serial vascular access audits performed, there was a significant decrease in median number of errors (baseline median 1, [0–2] end of study median 0, [0–1] P = 0.01). Patients performing buttonhole cannulation made most proportion of errors as compared to CVC, 54% vs. 40% (P = 0.01) respectively; and as compared to rope ladder cannulation 54% vs. 37% (P = 0.008). We were unable to demonstrate an association between the change in patient reported errors and vascular access related infection.
Discussion: Vascular access audit is a feasible quality initiative, which leads to a decrease in the number of patient reported errors in vascular access. The longitudinal clinical sequelae of this strategy warrants further examination.
Gene fusion involving the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor in an ALK‐negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Authors: Piarulli Giuseppe , Puls Florian , Wängberg Bo , Fagman Henrik , Hansson Magnus , Nilsson Jenny , Arbajian Elsa , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: February 2019

AimsInflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a soft tissue tumour primarily affecting children and young adults. Approximately 50% of IMTs have gene fusions involving the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)‐encoding ALK gene, providing a molecular rationale for treating IMT patients with unresectable tumours with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, a subset of IMT instead displays fusions affecting other RTKencoding genes, so far including NTRK3, PDGFRB and ROS1. Also, IMTs with variant RTK fusions may respond well to TKI treatment, but can be dif?cult to identify as they are negative for ALK staining at immunohistochemistry, the standard method for detection of ALK rearrangements.Materials and methodsWe used RNA‐sequencing to search for alternate fusion events in an ALK‐negative IMT.Results and conclusionsWe found a novel fusion gene ‐ FN1‐IGF1R. The FN1 gene, encoding ?bronectin, is thought to provide a strong promoter activity for the kinase domain of the RTK insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor, a mechanism similar to previously described RTK fusions in IMT.
DURABLE GOODS
Authors: KELLNER HANS 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn his thoughtful discussion of what makes some historical texts durable, lasting through time, Jaume Aurell arrives at the conclusion that these works show a balance between antiquarianism and presentism, and that this balance gives them a certain longevity of repute. Because, however, durability is a characteristic of the work, it seems to me problematic. Survival, rather than durability, appears to be the rubric we are discussing. It is not a characteristic of the work, any more than of a historical individual who survives a critical event like the French Revolution or the Holocaust. We identify survivors only retrospectively. A myriad of contingencies—time and chance—will obtain for any text to survive. Historiographical competition is ferocious, and worthy of study. Like Tolstoy's unhappy families, each historical text that fails to survive will have its own history. Why Gibbon and not Volney? We can adduce reasons, of course, but they are looks backward; in the late eighteenth century, no predictions were certain. Both Hayden White and Frank Ankersmit have, each in his own way, suggested the characteristics of the best histories. I believe they are mistaken, if best is to be taken to mean: most likely to survive. This is a characteristic of the ongoing reception of the work. As in an ongoing conversation, the historical work may advance the discourse, or contradict it, or change the subject. Whether it will have influence after the speaker has departed is up to those who remain and are added to the group. This rhetorical survival in the conversation is what is in question here. As such, it is profoundly historical, and not “beyond time.”