bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron(III)-Tannic Molecular Nanoparticles Enhance Autophagy effect and T1 MRI Contrast in Liver Cell Lines
Authors: Saowalak Krungchanuchat , Titipun Thongtem , Somchai Thongtem , Chalermchai Pilapong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, a new molecular nanoparticle based on iron(III)-tannic complexes (Fe–TA NPs) is presented. The Fe–TA NPs were simply obtained by mixing the precursors in a buffered solution at room temperature, and they exhibited good physicochemical properties with capability of inducing autophagy in both hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2.2.15) and normal rat hepatocytes (AML12). The Fe–TA NPs were found to induce HepG2.2.15 cell death via autophagic cell death but have no effect on cell viability in AML12 cells. This is possibly due to the much higher uptake of the Fe–TA NPs by the HepG2.2.15 cells via the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. As a consequence, enhancement of the T1 MRI contrast was clearly observed in the HepG2.2.15 cells. The results demonstrate that the Fe–TA NPs could provide a new strategy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions for hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, because of their autophagy-inducing properties, they can be applied as autophagy enhancers for prevention and treatment of other diseases.
The effect of attention and working memory on the estimation of elapsed time
Authors: Polti Ignacio , Martin Benoît , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPsychological models of time perception involve attention and memory: while attention typically regulates the flow of events, memory maintains timed events or intervals. The precise, and possibly distinct, roles of attention and memory in time perception remain debated. In this behavioral study, we tested 48 participants in a prospective duration estimation task while they fully attended to time or performed a working memory (WM) task. We report that paying attention to time lengthened perceived duration in the range of seconds to minutes, whereas diverting attention away from time shortened perceived duration. The overestimation due to attending to time did not scale with durations. To the contrary, increasing WM load systematically decreased subjective duration and this effect scaled with durations. Herein, we discuss the dissociation between attention and WM in timing and scalar variability from the perspective of Bayesian models of time estimations.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Orfali Raquel Leao , da Silva Oliveira Luanda Mara , de Lima Josenilson Feitosa , de Carvalho Gabriel Costa , Ramos Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi , Pereira Natalli Zanete , Pereira Naiura Vieira , Zaniboni Mariana Colombini , Sotto Mirian Nacagami , da Silva Duarte Alberto José , Sato Maria Notomi , Aoki Valeria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease characterized by skin colonization byStaphylococcus aureus. Interleukin (IL)-22, in cooperation with IL-17, triggers antimicrobial peptide elaboration and enhances certain immunological responses. In AD, IL-22 is related to epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. We aimed to evaluate the impact of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the Tc22/Th22 induction in the peripheral blood of AD patients and on CD4+/CD8+T cells expressing IL-22 in AD skin. Our study showed inhibition of the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) response by Th22 (CD4+IL-22+IL-17A−IFN-γ−) cells in AD patients. In contrast, Tc22 (CD8+IL-22+IL-17A−IFN-γ−) cells were less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited an enhanced response to the bacterial stimuli. In AD skin, we detected increased IL-22 transcript expression and T lymphocytes expressing IL-22. Together, our results provide two major findings in response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in adults with AD: dysfunctional CD4+IL-22 secreting T cells and increased Tc22 cells. Our hypothesis reinforces the relevance of CD8 T cells modulated by staphylococcal enterotoxins as a potential source of IL-22 in adults with AD, which is relevant for the maintenance of immunological imbalance.
Asteroseismic and orbital analysis of the triple star system HD 188753 observed by Kepler
Authors: Marcadon F. , Appourchaux T. , Marques J. P. 
Published: April 2018

Context. The NASA Kepler space telescope has detected solar-like oscillations in several hundreds of single stars, thereby providing a way to determine precise stellar parameters using asteroseismology.
Aims. In this work, we aim to derive the fundamental parameters of a close triple star system, HD 188753, for which asteroseismic and astrometric observations allow independent measurements of stellar masses.
Methods. We used six months of Kepler photometry available for HD 188753 to detect the oscillation envelopes of the two brightest stars. For each star, we extracted the individual mode frequencies by fitting the power spectrum using a maximum likelihood estimation approach. We then derived initial guesses of the stellar masses and ages based on two seismic parameters and on a characteristic frequency ratio, and modelled the two components independently with the stellar evolution code CESTAM. In addition, we derived the masses of the three stars by applying a Bayesian analysis to the position and radial-velocity measurements of the system.
Results. Based on stellar modelling, the mean common age of the system is 10.8 ± 0.2 Gyr and the masses of the two seismic components are MA = 0.99 ± 0.01 M⊙ and MBa = 0.86 ± 0.01 M⊙. From the mass ratio of the close pair, MBb/MBa = 0.767 ± 0.006, the mass of the faintest star is MBb = 0.66 ± 0.01 M⊙ and the total seismic mass of the system is then Msyst = 2.51 ± 0.02 M⊙. This value agrees perfectly with the total mass derived from our orbital analysis, Msyst = 2.51−0.18+0.20 M⊙, and leads to the best current estimate of the parallax for the system, π = 21.9 ± 0.2 mas. In addition, the minimal relative inclination between the inner and outer orbits is 10.9° ± 1.5°, implying that the system does not have a coplanar configuration.
Oscillations of cometary tails: a vortex shedding phenomenon?
Authors: Nisticò G. , Vladimirov V. , Nakariakov V. M. , Battams K. , Bothmer V. 
Published: April 2018

Context. During their journey to perihelion, comets may appear in the field of view of space-borne optical instruments, showing in some cases a nicely developed plasma tail extending from their coma and exhibiting an oscillatory behaviour.
Aims. The oscillations of cometary tails may be explained in terms of vortex shedding because of the interaction of the comet with the solar wind streams. Therefore, it is possible to exploit these oscillations in order to infer the value of the Strouhal number S t, which quantifies the vortex shedding phenomenon, and the physical properties of the local medium.
Methods. We used the Heliospheric Imager (HI) data of the Solar TErrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission to study the oscillations of the tails of comets 2P/Encke and C/2012 S1 (ISON) during their perihelion in Nov 2013. We determined the corresponding Strouhal numbers from the estimates of the halo size, the relative speed of the solar wind flow, and the period of the oscillations.
Results. We found that the estimated Strouhal numbers are very small, and the typical value of S t ~ 0.2 would be extrapolated for size of the halo larger than ~106 km.
Conclusions. Although the vortex shedding phenomenon has not been unambiguously revealed, the findings suggest that some kind of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability process is responsible for the observed behaviour of cometary tails, which can be exploited for probing the physical conditions of the near-Sun region.
Changes in Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength Induced by Suspension Training in Older Women
Authors: Campa Francesco , Silva Analiza , Toselli Stefania 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to present a suspension exercise training program suitable for older adults and to verify the effect of 12 weeks of training on handgrip strength (HS) and anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters in older adults. Thirty older women (age 66.1±4.7 years, BMI 30.6±5.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group (TG, n=15) or a control group (CG, n=15). The TG participated in a 12-week suspension training program, while the CG maintained their normal physical activity habits for the duration of the study. Anthropometric, bioelectrical impedance and strength parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention period. There was a significant group by time interaction (p<0.05) for triceps, biceps, subscapular skinfold, percentage of fat mass, phase angle (PhA), resistance, reactance, specific resistance, specific reactance and HS, with significant improvements in the TG after the intervention period (p<0.05) even after adjusting for age and BMI. The results suggest that suspension training promotes increases in PhA and HS in older women.
Antibiotika in der Veterinärmedizin: Einsatz und Reduktion
Authors: Blaha Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfter a short history of the development of antimicrobial substances and the initially underestimated resistance problem, the paper describes the method of monitoring the use of antibiotics in food animals at farm level. The resulting benchmarking led to a remarkable reduction of the amount of antibiotics used in animals. However, it is also explained that, apart from reducing the use of antibiotics, the rules for “prudent use” of antibiotics have to be complied with. Concluding, a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the current interpretation of the “critically important antimicrobials for human medicine is discussed.
Multiresistente Bakterien: Antibiotikaverordnung und Reserveantibiotika
Authors: Kern Winfried 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAscertaining critical indications for antibiotics and rational prescribing can delay and minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance. Room for improvement lies in particular in a stricter indication, in shortening antibiotic treatment and in initiating more targeted therapies with narrow-spectrum drugs. Not all infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms require treatment with reserve drugs. Detailed susceptibility testing together with enhanced knowledge of pharmacokinetics and -dynamics are needed for adequate treatment decisions. There are some new drugs with interesting spectrum of activity in development. The problem of antimicrobial resistance in human medicine, however, must also be seen in the context of “One Health” interactions between various systems including environmental issues and food production.
Optimale medikamentöse Therapie bei Patienten nach akutem Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Stähli Barbara , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntithrombotic therapy and other secondary preventive measures such as lifestyle changes, lipid lowering and blood pressure control, along with coronary revascularization strategies, can markedly improve clinical outcomes in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Current guideline-recommended secondary preventive measures in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome event according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) are summarized in this review.
The Matthew effect in science funding
Authors: Bol Thijs , de Vaan Mathijs , van de Rijt Arnout 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceWhy do scientists with similar backgrounds and abilities often end up achieving very different degrees of success? A classic explanation is that academic achievement exhibits a “Matthew effect”: Early successes increase future success chances. We analyze data from a large academic funding program that present a unique opportunity to quantify the Matthew effect and identify generative mechanisms. Our results show that winners just above the funding threshold accumulate more than twice as much funding during the subsequent eight years as nonwinners with near-identical review scores that fall just below the threshold. This effect is partly caused by nonwinners ceasing to compete for other funding opportunities, revealing a “participation” mechanism driving the Matthew effect.
Polycomb protein SCML2 facilitates H3K27me3 to establish bivalent domains in the male germline
Authors: Maezawa So , Hasegawa Kazuteru , Yukawa Masashi , Kubo Naoki , Sakashita Akihiko , Alavattam Kris G. , Sin Ho-Su , Kartashov Andrey V. , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Barski Artem , Namekawa Satoshi H. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The germline is responsible for the reproduction of an entire organism through the recovery of totipotency after fertilization. This ability is presumably associated with a chromatin feature known as bivalent chromatin domains, which are marked with both repressive and active histone modifications. In this study, we determine the identity of bivalent domain genes in the male germline of mice and the regulatory mechanism for these genes. We demonstrate that SCML2 facilitates a repressive modification, H3K27me3, thereby establishing bivalent domains in the germline. Our study identifies a possible germline mechanism by which differentiated and unipotent germ cells give rise to a totipotent zygote following fertilization.
Measuring the alternation strength of causative verbs
Authors: Romain Laurence 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a method for quantitative and qualitative analyses of the
causative alternation in English, where verbs may alternate between a transitive
(causative) construction (Santa crinkled his eyes) and an
intransitive (non-causative) construction (His eyes
crinkled).1 The aim of this
paper is to present a method designed to measure the alternation strength of
causative verbs, i.e. the extent to which they alternate between the two
constructions. One of the central elements this paper investigates is the Theme,
i.e. the participant that is in subject position in the intransitive
construction and object position in the transitive construction. A distinctive
collostructional analysis (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004) shows that certain
verbs are significantly attracted to one of either two constructions while
others are equivalently distributed in the two constructions. However, after
careful analysis it appears that very few Themes actually overlap between the
two constructions (Lemmens
forthcoming) which indicates that each construction seems to be
rather restrictive regarding which Themes they recruit. The low degree of
alternation of the Themes leads us to ask ourselves the extent to which the
alternation is part of a speaker’s knowledge of their language.
Vestibular assessment and management in adults
Authors: Seedat Tasneem , Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Sebothoma Ben 
Published: April 2018

Background:
There is scarcity of research in vestibular assessment and management within the South African context.

Methods:
The current study explored the current practices of South African Audiologists in the assessment and management of vestibular disorders in adults. A survey research methodology with a cross-sectional research design was adopted. The current study made use of a 29 item web-based survey, and surveyed 32 audiologists from across the country on their practices around vestibular assessment and management in adults presenting with vestibular symptoms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Current findings revealed that 53% of participants in the study were conducting vestibular assessments, even though 75% reported seeing patients presenting with vestibular symptoms in their practices. 34.4% of participants indicated using a core test battery adapted to the patient’s case history when assessing patients with vestibular disorders. The most common assessments performed were peripheral vestibular examinations and oculomotor tests. Furthermore, a majority (59.4%) of the participants do not have any high-tech equipment at their practice. Of the sample, 62.5% of the participants do not perform vestibular management. Of the individuals who do perform vestibular management, vestibular rehabilitation therapy and canalith repositioning maneuvers were the most common treatment procedures performed. The most commonly referred to professional is the Ear, Nose and Throat specialist, and 50% of participants make 0-5 referrals per week for patients with vestibular disorders. With regards to the facilitators and barriers to practice, 53% indicated that lack of vestibular equipment was the main barrier to practice, whereas 50% indicated that the main facilitator to practice was the fact that there were patients presenting with vestibular symptoms.

Conclusion:
Current findings raise implications about the provision of vestibular function services in both public and private sectors in South Africa. Implications for training and resource planning and allocation are highlighted.
Determinants of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Rural Communities in South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Authors: Jafar Tazeen H , Gandhi Mihir , Jehan Imtiaz , Naheed Aliya , de Silva H Asita , Shahab Hunaina , Alam Dewan , Luke Nathasha , Wee Lim Ching ,   COBRA-BPS Study Group
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for death and disability in South Asia. We aimed to determine the cross-country variation, and the factors associated with uncontrolled BP among adults treated for hypertension in rural South Asia.

METHODS
We enrolled 1,718 individuals aged ≥40 years treated for hypertension in a cross-sectional study from rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with uncontrolled BP (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg).

RESULTS
Among hypertensive individuals, 58.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 55.7, 60.4) had uncontrolled BP: 52.8% (49.0, 56.6) in Bangladesh, 70.6% (65.7, 75.1) in Pakistan, and 56.5% (52.7, 60.1) in Sri Lanka. The odds (odds ratio (95% CI)) of uncontrolled BP were significantly higher in individuals with lower wealth index (1.17 (1.02, 1.35)); single vs. married (1.46 (1.10, 1.93)); higher log urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (1.41 (1.24, 1.60)); lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (1.23 (1.01, 1.49)); low vs. high adherence to antihypertensive medication (1.50 (1.16, 1.94)); and Pakistan (2.91 (1.60, 5.28)) vs. Sri Lanka. However, the odds were lower in those with vs. without self-reported kidney disease (0.51 (0.28, 0.91)); and receiving vs. not receiving statins (0.62 (0.44, 0.87)).

CONCLUSIONS
The majority of individuals with treated hypertension have uncontrolled BP in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka with significant disparities among and within countries. Urgent public health efforts are needed to improve access and adherence to antihypertensive medications in disadvantaged populations in rural South Asia.
Personalized regression enables sample-specific pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Lengerich Benjamin J , Aragam Bryon , Xing Eric P 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Motivation
In many applications, inter-sample heterogeneity is crucial to understanding the complex biological processes under study. For example, in genomic analysis of cancers, each patient in a cohort may have a different driver mutation, making it difficult or impossible to identify causal mutations from an averaged view of the entire cohort. Unfortunately, many traditional methods for genomic analysis seek to estimate a single model which is shared by all samples in a population, ignoring this inter-sample heterogeneity entirely. In order to better understand patient heterogeneity, it is necessary to develop practical, personalized statistical models.

Results
To uncover this inter-sample heterogeneity, we propose a novel regularizer for achieving patient-specific personalized estimation. This regularizer operates by learning two latent distance metrics—one between personalized parameters and one between clinical covariates—and attempting to match the induced distances as closely as possible. Crucially, we do not assume these distance metrics are already known. Instead, we allow the data to dictate the structure of these latent distance metrics. Finally, we apply our method to learn patient-specific, interpretable models for a pan-cancer gene expression dataset containing samples from more than 30 distinct cancer types and find strong evidence of personalization effects between cancer types as well as between individuals. Our analysis uncovers sample-specific aberrations that are overlooked by population-level methods, suggesting a promising new path for precision analysis of complex diseases such as cancer.

Availability and implementation
Software for personalized linear and personalized logistic regression, along with code to reproduce experimental results, is freely available at github.com/blengerich/personalized_regression.
No Spouse, No Son, No Daughter, No Kin in Contemporary China: Prevalence, Correlates, and Differences in Economic Support
Authors: Zhou Zhangjun , Verdery Ashton M , Margolis Rachel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
China’s recent demographic and social changes might undermine the sustainability of its family-oriented system for elder care. We investigate kin availability among adults aged 45+ in contemporary China, with an emphasis on child gender.

Method
Using nationally representative survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011), we examine the prevalence and correlates of lacking different kin types and combinations, and we test associations between kin availability and received economic support.

Results
Kinlessness is low in China (less than 2% lack a spouse/partner and children), but kin availability is patterned by gender, age group, and sociodemographic characteristics. More than twice as many older adults have no spouse/partner and no daughter (3.2%) as those who have no spouse/partner and no son (1.4%). Adults without close kin are disadvantaged across health, wealth, and economic support. In contrast to traditional expectations, we find that those with only daughters are more similar to those with mixed sex children, whereas those with only sons are more similar to those without children in receipt of economic support.

Discussion
Access to kin forms the basis of an emergent system of stratification in China, which will be amplified as cohorts with only one child age into older adulthood.
Resolution of the apparent discrepancy between the number of massive subhaloes in Abell 2744 and ΛCDM
Authors: Mao Tian-Xiang , Wang Jie , Frenk Carlos S , Gao Liang , Li Ran , Wang Qiao , Cao Xiaoyue , Li Ming 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Schwinn et al. have recently compared the abundance and distribution of massive substructures identified in a gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2744 by Jauzac et al. and N-body simulation, and found no cluster in Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulation that is similar to Abell 2744. Schwinn et al. identified the measured projected aperture masses with the actual masses associated with subhaloes in the Millenium XXL N-body simulation. We have used the high-resolution Phoenix cluster simulations to show that such an identification is incorrect: the aperture mass is dominated by mass in the body of the cluster that happens to be projected along the line of sight to the subhalo. This enhancement varies from factors of a few to factors of more than 100, particularly for subhaloes projected near the centre of the cluster. We calculate aperture masses for subhaloes in our simulation and compare them to the measurements for Abell 2744. We find that the data for Abell 2744 are in excellent agreement with the matched predictions from ΛCDM. We provide further predictions for aperture mass functions of subhaloes in idealized surveys with varying mass detection thresholds.