bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Formation of Graphics Culture in Future Engineers in the Field of Hydrotechnical Construction
Authors: Ерцкина Елена , Ertskina Elena , Королькова Надежда , Korol'kova Nadezhda 
Published: April 2018

The quality of university students’ graphic training should meet modern requirements to design and development execution and design drafting. The role of students’ tools training for wide use of CAD systems in solving of learning problems and execution of project tasks is increasing. It meets modern requirements to designer’s professional activity. The lack of clear and accurate originals for construction of views, sections, schemes and tabular materials, as well as use of hand work and the counterfeit automated software products, are current problems for graphics culture in the field of hydrotechnical design because significantly reduce labor productivity, quality of drawing’s performance and use. The authors offer a novel approach to formation of graphics culture in future engineers in the field of hydrotechnical construction. In this paper the possibilities of the AutoCAD system, mainly as a tool for performance of a wide range of engineering graphics tasks of any complexity when developing drawings for hydraulic engineering constructions have been considered, including:
• search and analysis of layout solutions. By using AutoCAD system in its simplest, basic version, one can both analyze configuration of huge structures with accuracy up to 0,001 m and design drawings for more sizeable objects, such as plants, hydroelectric power stations, conglomerations;
• design drawings of any subject and complexity. The basic version’s possibilities are quite enough to convert obtained layout solutions into high-quality project documentation that meets the requirements of domestic design standards;
• design development for work execution – even without a digitized basis;
• construction of loading schemes and stresses epures;
• construction of graphs and diagrams.
Sequential approach to formation of graphics culture will allow realize a united learning task on engineering and computer graphics for aiding in solution such important task as providing of combination for manual and computer-aided drawing when getting students’ education in graphics courses.
Manu Militari: The Institutional Contingencies of Stakeholder Relationships on Entrepreneurial Performance
Authors: Hiatt Shon R. , Carlos W. Chad , Sine Wesley D. 
Published: April 2018

This study examines how ventures can leverage relationships with heterogeneous government stakeholders to enhance survival in different institutional environments. We consider how the distinct resources provided from venture ties to military and political actors represent complementary strategic assets that differentially influence performance in varying political and economic environments as well as under conditions of violence and political conflict. Empirically, we examine the effect of these respective stakeholder relationships on new venture survival across 10 countries over a 65-year period. By distinguishing between the resources obtained through relationships with different types of government stakeholders and showing how the value of these resources varies in different contexts, this study contributes to nonmarket strategy and stakeholder management research and highlights the need for studies to take a pluralistic view of government stakeholders. This paper also presents managerial insights to firms seeking to address the prevalent challenges associated with political, economic, and physical security issues in developing and underdeveloped economies. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1178 .
Global transcriptome analysis to identify critical genes involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang X. , Bu Y. , Zhu B. , Zhao Q. , Lv Z. , Li B. , Liu J. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify key pathological genes in osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe searched and downloaded mRNA expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of joint synovial tissues from OA and normal individuals. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to assess the function of identified DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional factors (TFs) regulatory network were used to further explore the function of identified DEGs. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis. Electronic validation was performed to verify the expression of selected DEGs. The diagnosis value of identified DEGs was accessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsA total of 1085 DEGs were identified. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that Wnt was a significantly enriched signalling pathway. Some hub genes with high interactions such as USP46, CPVL, FKBP5, FOSL2, GADD45B, PTGS1, and ZNF423 were identified in the PPI and TFs network. The results of qRT-PCR showed that GADD45B, ADAMTS1, and TFAM were down-regulated in joint synovial tissues of OA, which was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of USP46, CPVL, FOSL2, and PTGS1 in electronic validation were compatible with the bio-informatics result. CPVL and TFAM had a potential diagnostic value for OA based on the ROC analysis.ConclusionThe deregulated genes including USP46, CPVL, FKBP5, FOSL2, GADD45B, PTGS1, ZNF423, ADAMTS1, and TFAM might be involved in the pathology of OA. Cite this article: X. Zhang, Y. Bu, B. Zhu, Q. Zhao, Z. Lv, B. Li, J. Liu. Global transcriptome analysis to identify critical genes involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:298–307. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0245.R1.
„No pasaran“ – Lyrik, Kulturpolitik und Sprachdifferenz bei T. S. Eliot, Paul Celan und Rolf Dieter Brinkmann
Authors: Dembeck Till 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe poems of T. S. Eliot, Paul Celan, and Rolf Dieter Brinkmann treated in this article engage language difference in order to highlight poetry’s distinctive modernity. This involves them, and modern poetry in general, in a politics of culture which we can analyze on two levels: in terms of formal qualities, especially meter, and in terms of the programs and strategies the poems develop for themselves and for culture. The need to regard lyrical form as an enactment of cultural-political strategies becomes obvious in poetry’s use of language difference, not only between distinct langues in the sense of Saussure but more generally between any different standardizations of language. Lyric poetry builds on language difference, and since all language differences are culturally significant, lyric poetry is a genre of genuine cultural politics.
Eine enzyklopädische Literatur der Dinge – Emile Zolas Warenhausroman Au Bonheur des Dames
Authors: Vedder Ulrike 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmile Zola’s novel „Au Bonheur des Dames“ abounds with excessive enumeration and description of clothes. The overwhelming arrangement of these clothes in the department store does not only irresistibly attract female customers but also draws the reader’s attention to a poetics of encyclopaedic writing. Thus, the novel opens up spaces that are filled with goods, systematically organising them in various stores and exhibitions. In view of the novel’s detailed depiction of architecture, economics and customer traffic, the paper argues that Zola asks for a conjunction between the novel and encyclopaedic discourse.
Écrire ‹ l’oral › dans Texaco de Patrick Chamoiseau
Authors: Kakish Shereen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this analysis, I investigate the coexistence of the oral and writing in Texaco of Patrick Chamoiseau. I try first to explain how Chamoiseau arrived to a certain synthesis between the two registers. Then I examine the objective of the author to develop such a synthesis between oral and writing in the universe of a text. In the case of Texaco, it is not only a matter of two ways of expression but also of two languages and two states of civilization. This expressive and linguistic lining does not depend only on the exile of many intellectuals and some other historical factors, but on a certain cultural alienation. Indeed, the Martinican identity oscillates between two spaces and hesitates between two languages. By this coexistence of the creole oral mode and the French writing, Chamoiseau tried to create a new style in the world of literary texts. On the other hand, this meeting of the different languages and registers creates a certain composition of elements that do not stand in a relation of opposition to each other, but of a tangle in order to communicate a world vision and to assert the original identity.
Hausen außer Haus: Transitorische Räume in Marilynne Robinsons Housekeeping (1980) und Ernst Augustins Robinsons blaues Haus (2012)
Authors: Klappert Annina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe German figura etymologica ‘Hausen außer Haus,’ as ‘dwelling’ or ‘housing outside the house,’ is developed in this paper as a specific figure of thought in two contemporary literary texts in which the respective protagonists’ outside ‘housing’ contrasts with the space of the houses they pass through, thus transforming them into transitory spaces through the reflection of the outside. This dialectical movement challenges the concept of the house as a definable space. In terms of literary-spatial theory, the protagonists are examined as transitory figures; their transgressions of inside/outside and up/down are identified in a topological analysis, and finally the argument is presented that the imagination of the protagonists functions as a transitory modus as they move within the narrative. Both texts show the ability of literature to reflect on space and enable a link to the spatial turn of 1980 s cultural studies. The innovative contribution of my argument occurs in rethinking the concept of the house as a definable space with reliable boundaries and in proposing a conception of the outside as a potential change to the inside. By providing new insights into the concept of the house, literature itself can be seen as a space of thinking ‘outside the house.’
Translation policy and indigenous languages in Hispanic Latin America
Authors: Howard Rosaleen , Ricoy Raquel De Pedro , Ciudad Luis Andrade 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article examines the status of translation policy as it relates to public service interfaces between the dominant Spanish-speaking sectors of society and speakers of some of the many indigenous languages of Latin America. The article focuses on Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Peru is used as a case study based on recent first-hand research. Translation policy is inherently bound up with language policy, where the latter exists. However, there is variation from state to state as to whether language rights legislation has been passed, whether it is implemented through policy, and the extent to which translation policy is part of the legislative framework. The case of Peru illustrates the need for translation and interpreting (T&I) services following conflicts and painful human rights infringements. Across the board, T&I have hitherto been ad hoc practices, giving rise to translation policy de facto. Formalized T&I training initiatives and legislative processes are now underway in Peru, and may give rise to explicit translation policies evolving there and elsewhere in the region in the future.
“Never Better”: Affliction, Consolation and the Culture of Protestantism in Early Modern England
Authors: van Dijkhuizen Jan Frans 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This essay examines the central role of consolation in early modern Protestant culture. It first maps a number of the important tropes in early modern Protestant consolation literature, focusing on England. It then analyses the language of consolation in early modern printed and manuscript sources on the legal proceedings against the Puritan pamphleteers Bastwick, Burton and Prynne, showing how consolation was both widely shared and politically contentious, undermining the very idea of a unified Protestant cause which it served to foster. Finally, I examine the notebooks of the London wood-turner Nehemiah Wallington as a case study of the ways in which self-writers, in recording and reflecting on affliction, drew on consolation discourses. While consolation is a central strand in Wallington’s reflections on affliction, it is also elusive and provisional, especially where everyday, personal suffering is concerned. In Wallington, consolation seems available especially if the religious suffering it alleviates has a political dimension, and can be construed as a way of suffering for the true faith.
Amine Capped Gold Colloids at Oxidic Supports: Their Electronic Interactions
Authors: Siemer Michael , Mohrhusen Lars , Grebien Maximilian , Al-Shamery Katharina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Colloidal deposition of noble metal nanoparticles on oxidic supports is a recent approach for the fabrication of heterogeneous catalyst materials. We present studies on the interaction of different amine ligands with gold nanoparticles before and after deposition on several oxidic supports (titania, silica, alumina, magnesia or zinc oxide), using X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption of amines on thin gold films as well as on nanoparticles leads to a decrease in metal photoelectron binding energies. Usually, this is explained by donor-acceptor interactions via the amine group. By additional analysis of Auger signals, which are more sensitive to changes in the oxidation state than photoelectron spectra, we demonstrate that these shifts are due to a final state effect, namely, the increased photoelectron hole screening in presence of amine adsorbates. It will be shown, that this effect is not sensitive neither to the nanoparticle size nor the sterical properties of the capping amine. After deposition on oxide supports, the photoelectron binding energies are even further decreased. The presented findings exhibit that care has to be taken to interpret binding energy shifts simply with charging, which has impact on understanding the local electronic situation on the surface of metal-loaded oxides, crucial for heterogeneous catalysis.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (A-TIG) of Type 316LN Stainless Steel Thin Plates
Authors: Ganesh K. C. , Vasudevan M. , Balasubramanian K. R. , Vasantharaja P. , Chandrasekhar N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the present study, thermo-mechanical behavior of 316LN stainless steel thin plates during activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding was investigated using SYSWELD®. A-TIG welding was carried out with more reduced heat input for fabricating 3-mm-thick 316LN stainless steel plates than that of the conventional TIG welding process. Induced transient temperature during welding was measured using a K-type thermocouple. A pulse-echo ultrasonic test was carried out using a 2-MHz probe employing critically refracted longitudinal waves for measuring residual stresses across the weld joint. A digital height gauge was used to quantify the distortion caused during welding. There was a good agreement between the predicted and measured thermal cycles, residual stresses, and distortion. The concentrated heat intensity of A-TIG welding induced higher surface temperature in the weld center, produced a narrow weld bead, and exhibited a sharp temperature gradient at the weld/base metal interface. Peak residual stress and distortion of the A-TIG weld joint were found to be less than that of the TIG weld joint.
Loss of Distal Axons and Sensory Merkel Cells and Features Indicative of Muscle Denervation in Hindlimbs of P0-Deficient Mice
Authors: Frei Regula , Mötzing Sandra , Kinkelin Ilka , Schachner Melitta , Koltzenburg Martin , Martini Rudolf 
Published: April 2018

Mice lacking the major Schwann cell myelin component P0 show a severe dysmyelination with pathological features reminiscent of the Déjérine-Sottas syndrome in humans. Previous morphological and electrophysiological studies on these mice did not only demonstrate a compromised myelination and myelin maintenance, but were suggestive of an impairment of axons as well. Here, we studied the axonal pathology in P0-deficient mice by quantitative electron microscopy. In addition, we investigated epidermal receptor end organs by immunocytochemistry and muscle pathology by histochemistry.In proximal sections of facial and femoral nerves, axon calibers were significantly reduced, whereas the number of myelin-competent axons was not diminished in 5- and 17-month-old P0-deficient mice. However, in distal branches of the femoral and sciatic nerve (digital nerves innervating the skin of the first toe) the numbers of myelin-competent axons were reduced by 70% in 6-month-old P0-deficient mice. Immunolabeling of foot pads revealed a corresponding loss of Merkel cells by 75%, suggesting that survival of these cells is dependent on the presence or maintenance of their innervating myelinated axons. In addition, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles showed pathological features indicative of denervation and axonal sprouting. These findings demonstrate that loss of an important myelin component can initiate degenerative mechanisms not only in the Schwann cell but also in the distal portions of myelinated axons, leading to the degeneration of specialized receptor end organs and impairment of muscle innervation.
Ionic Currents and Spontaneous Firing in Neurons Isolated from the Cerebellar Nuclei
Authors: Raman Indira M. , Gustafson Amy E. , Padgett Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei fire spontaneous action potentials bothin vitro, with synaptic transmission blocked, andin vivo, in resting animals, despite ongoing inhibition from spontaneously active Purkinje neurons. We have studied the intrinsic currents of cerebellar nuclear neurons isolated from the mouse, with an interest in understanding how these currents generate spontaneous activity in the absence of synaptic input as well as how they allow firing to continue during basal levels of inhibition. Current-clamped isolated neurons fired regularly (∼20 Hz), with shallow interspike hyperpolarizations (approximately −60 mV), much like neurons in more intact preparations. The spontaneous firing frequency lay in the middle of the dynamic range of the neurons and could be modulated up or down with small current injections.During step or action potential waveform voltage-clamp commands, the primary current active at interspike potentials was a tetrodotoxin-insensitive (TTX), cesium-insensitive, voltage-independent, cationic flux carried mainly by sodium ions. Although small, this cation current could depolarize neurons above threshold voltages. Voltage- and current-clamp recordings suggested a high level of inactivation of the TTX-sensitive transient sodium currents that supported action potentials. Blocking calcium currents terminated firing by preventing repolarization to normal interspike potentials, suggesting a significant role for K(Ca) currents. Potassium currents that flowed during action potential waveform voltage commands had high activation thresholds and were sensitive to 1 mmTEA. We propose that, after the decay of high-threshold potassium currents, the tonic cation current contributes strongly to the depolarization of neurons above threshold, thus maintaining the cycle of firing.
Discharge Profiles of Juxtacellularly Labeled and Immunohistochemically Identified GABAergic Basal Forebrain Neurons Recorded in Association with the Electroencephalogram in Anesthetized Rats
Authors: Manns Ian D. , Alonso Angel , Jones Barbara E. 
Published: April 2018

The basal forebrain ostensibly plays a dual role in the modulation of cortical activation and behavioral state. It is essential for stimulating cortical activation in association with waking (and paradoxical sleep), yet also important for attenuating cortical activation and promoting slow wave sleep. Using juxtacellular recording and labeling of neurons with Neurobiotin followed by immunohistochemical staining for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), we studied the discharge properties of identified GABAergic basal forebrain neurons in relation to electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in urethane-anesthetized rats to determine the part or parts that they may play in this dual role.The GABAergic neurons displayed distinct discharge profiles in relation to somatosensory stimulation-evoked cortical activation. Whereas a significant minority increased its average discharge rate, the majority decreased its average discharge rate in association with cortical activation. Moreover, subgroups displayed distinct discharge patterns related to different cortical activities, including very regular high-frequency tonic spiking within a gamma EEG frequency range and rhythmic cluster spiking within a theta-like frequency range during cortical activation. During irregular slow EEG activity in absence of stimulation, one subgroup displayed spike bursts correlated with cortical slow oscillations. As relatively large in size and also antidromically activated from the cortex, many GABAergic neurons recorded were considered to be cortically projecting and thus capable of directly modulating cortical activity. Subgroups of GABAergic basal forebrain neurons would thus have the capacity to promote cortical activation by modulating gamma or theta activity and others to attenuate cortical activation by modulating irregular slow oscillations that normally occur during slow wave sleep.
Distinct K Currents Result in Physiologically Distinct Cell Types in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Shobhana , Oliver Douglas L. 
Published: April 2018

The inferior colliculus (IC) processes auditory information ascending from the brainstem. The response of the IC to this information and its ability to transform it is partly determined by the types of ionic currents that generate the intrinsic discharge patterns of IC neurons and their susceptibility to changes in the external environment. We have used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques on IC neurons in rat brain slices to characterize the potassium currents present and to correlate them with the firing patterns observed. Neurons in the IC can be classified into six physiologically distinct cell types. Each of these cell types has a firing pattern that is generated by a unique potassium current and set of cellular parameters. Sustained-regular cells show mainly delayed rectifier K+channels. Onset cells have a unique high-threshold tetraethylammonium-sensitive K+current. Pause–build cells have an A-current. Rebound-regular cells have calcium-dependent rebound depolarizations. Rebound-adapting cells have both an apamin-sensitive calcium-dependent K+current and a calcium-dependent rebound depolarization. Transient-rebound cells have a charybdotoxin-sensitive calcium-dependent K+current and a calcium-dependent rebound.Our data suggest that there would be similarities as well as differences among IC neurons in their responses to excitatory or inhibitory inputs. Furthermore, some cells are likely to show little or no plasticity and behave as simple relays of temporal and intensity information, whereas others are likely to transform their inputs.