bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising residual malaria transmission in forested areas with low coverage of core vector control in central Viet Nam
Authors: Edwards Hannah Margaret , Chinh Vu Duc , Le Duy Bui , Thanh Pham Vinh , Thang Ngo Duc , Trang Dao Minh , Chavez Irwin , Hii Jeffrey 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Despite great success in significantly reducing the malaria burden in Viet Nam over recent years, the ongoing presence of malaria vectors and Plasmodium infection in remote forest areas and among marginalised groups presents a challenge to reaching elimination and a threat to re-emergence of transmission. Often transmission persists in a population despite high reported coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), the mainstay control method for malaria. To investigate what factors may contribute to this, a mixed-methods study was conducted in Son Thai commune, a community in south-central Viet Nam that has ongoing malaria cases despite universal LLIN coverage. A cross-sectional behavioural and net-coverage survey was conducted along with observations of net use and entomological collections in the village, farm huts and forest sites used by members of the community.

Results
Most community members owned a farm hut plot and 71.9% of adults aged 18+ years sometimes slept overnight in the farm hut, while one-third slept overnight in the forest. Ownership and use of nets in the village households was high but in the farm huts and forest was much lower; only 44.4% reported regularly using a bednet in the farm and 12.1% in the forest. No primary anopheline species were captured in the village, but Anopheles dirus (s.l.) (n = 271) and An. maculatus (s.l.) (n = 14) were captured as far as 4.5 km away in farm huts and forest. A high proportion of biting was conducted in the early evening before people were under nets. Entomological inoculation rates (EIR) of An. dirus (s.l.) were 17.8 and 25.3 infectious bites per person per year in the outdoor farm hut sites and forest, respectively, for Plasmodium falciparum and 25.3 in the forest sites for P. vivax.

Conclusions
Despite high net coverage in the village, gaps in coverage and access appear in the farm huts and forest where risk of anopheline biting and parasite transmission is much greater. Since subsistence farming and forest activities are integral to these communities, new personal protection methods need to be explored for use in these areas that can ideally engage with the community, be durable, portable and require minimal behavioural change.
Associations between objectively assessed and questionnaire-based sedentary behaviour with body mass index and systolic blood pressure in Kuwaiti adolescents
Authors: Hashem Rawan , Rey-Lόpez Juan Pablo , Hamer Mark , McMunn Anne , Rowlands Alex , Whincup Peter H. , Owen Christopher G. , Ding Ding , Powell Lauren , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Kuwait has one of the highest obesity rates in the world. This study examined the associations between sedentary behaviour (objectively measured and self-reported), adiposity and systolic blood pressure in a sample of adolescents residing in Kuwait. Data was obtained from the Study of Health and Activity among adolescents in Kuwait (2012–2013). The sample included a total of 435 adolescents (201 boys). Outcomes were age- and sex specific body mass index Z-scores and systolic blood pressure. Exposures were total sedentary behaviour measured by accelerometry and time spent in some sedentary behaviours (television viewing, video games, computer use and total screen-time). We used multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, governorate, maternal education and physical activity, to examine associations between sedentary behaviour and adiposity and systolic blood pressure.

Results
Only 2 statistically significant associations were found between sedentary behaviour and the study outcomes: body mass in boys was directly associated with higher sedentary time [β (95% CIs) 0.003 (0.00 to 0.06)]; body mass index was inversely associated with videogames in both sexes [girls: β (95% CIs) − 0.17 (− 0.48 to − 0.04); boys: − 0.24 (− 0.57 to − 0.12)]. In this sample of Kuwaiti adolescents, sedentary behaviour showed limited deleterious associations with adiposity and systolic blood pressure.
Resistance training-induced gains in knee extensor strength are related to increased neural cell adhesion molecule expression in older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Voigt Thomas B. , Tourville Timothy W. , Falcone Michael J. , Slauterbeck James R. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Toth Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective
Resistance training (RT) can improve whole muscle strength without increasing muscle fiber size or contractility. Neural adaptations, which lead to greater neural activation of muscle, may mediate some of these improvements, particularly in older adults, where motor neuron denervation is common. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of neural adaptations, as reflected by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression, to improvements in (1) whole muscle strength and (2) muscle fiber size following RT in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. We performed whole muscle strength measurements and immunohistochemical analysis of fiber size, type, and NCAM expression before and after a 14-week RT program.

Results
RT increased whole-muscle strength as measured by 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) leg press (P = 0.01), leg extension (P = 0.03), and knee extensor peak torque (P = 0.050), but did not alter NCAM expression. Greater NCAM expression in myosin heavy chain (MHC) II fibers was associated with greater whole muscle strength gains (knee extensor peak torque r = 0.93; P < 0.01) and greater MHC II fiber size (r = 0.79; P < 0.01). Our results suggest that training-induced NCAM expression, and neural adaptations more generally, may be important for RT-induced morphological and functional improvements in older adults.
Trial registration NCT01190046
Parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its associated factors among preparatory school students in Debre Tabor, Northcentral Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mekie Maru , Taklual Wubet , Melkie Abenezer , Addisu Dagne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study was aimed to assess parental communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues and its associated factors among preparatory school students in Debre Tabor, Northcentral Ethiopia. Institution based cross sectional study was employed among 394 preparatory school students through self-administered questionnaire.

Result
A total of 394 students were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. The magnitude of parental communication on SRH issues was found to be 68.5%, (95% CI (63.7, 72.8)). Low grade (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.17, 0.58)), feel embraced to discuss about SRH issues (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.17, 0.56)), and living with mother/father (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI (0.06, 0.36)) were associated with reduced parental communication on SRH. While, family size < 5 (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI (1.25, 4.84)), and believe on the importance of discussion on SRH (AOR = 10.83, 95% CI (5.07, 23.17) were found to be associated with increased communication about SRH issues. Health education shall be given to preparatory school students on importance of discussion on SRH issues and related consequences of risky sexual behaviors.
Ontology based mining of pathogen–disease associations from literature
Authors: Kafkas Şenay , Hoehndorf Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives especially in the developing countries each year. Identification of causative pathogens accurately and rapidly plays a key role in the success of treatment. To support infectious disease research and mechanisms of infection, there is a need for an open resource on pathogen–disease associations that can be utilized in computational studies. A large number of pathogen–disease associations is available from the literature in unstructured form and we need automated methods to extract the data.

Results
We developed a text mining system designed for extracting pathogen–disease relations from literature. Our approach utilizes background knowledge from an ontology and statistical methods for extracting associations between pathogens and diseases. In total, we extracted a total of 3420 pathogen–disease associations from literature. We integrated our literature-derived associations into a database which links pathogens to their phenotypes for supporting infectious disease research.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, we present the first study focusing on extracting pathogen–disease associations from publications. We believe the text mined data can be utilized as a valuable resource for infectious disease research. All the data is publicly available from https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/padimi
and through a public SPARQL endpoint from http://patho.phenomebrowser.net/.
Assessing exhibition swine as potential disseminators of infectious disease through the detection of five respiratory pathogens at agricultural exhibitions
Authors: Lauterbach Sarah E. , Nelson Sarah W. , Robinson Meghann E. , Lorbach Josh N. , Nolting Jacqueline M. , Bowman Andrew S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Widespread geographic movement and extensive comingling of exhibition swine facilitates the spread and transmission of infectious pathogens. Nasal samples were collected from 2862 pigs at 102 exhibitions and tested for five pathogens. At least one pathogen was molecularly detected in pigs at 63 (61.8%) exhibitions. Influenza A virus was most prevalent and was detected in 498 (17.4%) samples. Influenza D virus was detected in two (0.07%) samples. More than one pathogen was detected in 165 (5.8%) samples. Influenza A virus remains a top threat to animal and human health, but other pathogens may be disseminated through the exhibition swine population.
The potential of acetylsalicylic acid and vitamin E in modulating inflammatory cascades in chickens under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation
Authors: Konieczka Paweł , Barszcz Marcin , Kowalczyk Paweł , Szlis Michał , Jankowski Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Distinct enzymes, including cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenase (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450), produce different stress mediators and mediate inflammation in birds. Bioactive agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and vitamin E (vE) may affect enzyme activities and could be used in poultry production to control the magnitude of acute phase inflammation. Here, we characterized COX, LOX, and CYP450 mRNA expression levels in chicken immune tissues in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and investigated whether ASA and vE could alter gene expression. Additionally, for the first time in chickens, we evaluated oxygen consumption by platelet mitochondria as a biomarker of mitochondria function in response to ASA- and vE. LPS challenge compromised bird growth rates, but neither dietary ASA nor vE significantly ameliorated this effect; however, gradually increasing dietary vE levels were more effective than basal levels. ASA regulated arachidonic acid metabolism, providing an eicosanoid synthesis substrate, whereas gradually increasing vE levels evoked aspirin resistance during challenge. Gene expression in immune tissues was highly variable, indicating a complex regulatory network controlling inflammatory pathways. However, unlike COX-1, COX-2 and CYP450 exhibited increased mRNA expression in some cases, suggesting an initiation of novel anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving signals during challenge. Measuring oxygen consumption rate, we revealed that neither the ASA nor vE levels applied here exerted toxic effects on platelet mitochondria.
Codebook-based precoding for generalized spatial modulation with diversity
Authors: Sourour Essam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates codebook-based precoding for spatial modulation (SM) and generalized spatial modulation (GSM) systems. Codebook-based precoding allows the system to dispense with full channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). This considerably reduces the feedback overhead. Phase-only codebooks with systematic structure are investigated since they avoid increasing the peak to average power ratio of the transmitted signal. It is shown that the proposed phase-only codebooks yield equivalent performance to published codebooks that involve gain and phase. In addition, a gain-only codebook is designed to supplement the phase-only codebook and reduce the bit error rate (BER) further. We also compare the performance with the Grassmannian codebooks which are proposed for other multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) systems. In GSM systems, several antennas are simultaneously active as a transmit antenna combination (TAC). The BER performance of unprecoded GSM systems is typically inferior to SM systems due to correlation among TACs. However, with codebook precoding, this effect is mitigated, and the performance of the GSM system becomes superior to the SM system. We investigate codebook precoding for GSM systems where precoding is performed per-TAC or per-antenna. Moreover, we investigate the GSM system where the TACs are selected adaptively based on the achievable benefit from codebook precoding. Using computer simulation, it is shown that the performance of the proposed codebooks is very promising in both SM and GSM systems. Per-antenna precoding is superior to per-TAC precoding. Adaptive TACs selection further improves performance.
An alternating iteration algorithm for solving the split equality fixed point problem with L-Lipschitz and quasi-pseudo-contractive mappings
Authors: Li Meixia , Zhou Xueling , Che Haitao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the split equality common fixed point problem. It is a significant generalization of the split feasibility problem, which can be used in various disciplines, such as medicine, military and biology, etc. We propose an alternating iteration algorithm for solving the split equality common fixed point problem with L-Lipschitz and quasi-pseudo-contractive mappings and prove that the sequence generated by the algorithm converges weakly to the solution of this problem. Finally, some numerical results are shown to confirm the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Non-linear population discrete models with two time scales: re-scaling of part of the slow process
Authors: Sanz Luis , Bravo de la Parra Rafael , Marvá Marcos , Sánchez Eva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work we present a reduction result for discrete-time systems with two time scales. In order to be valid, previous results in the field require some strong hypotheses that are difficult to check in practical applications. Roughly speaking, the iterates of a map as well as their differentials must converge uniformly on compact sets. Here, we eliminate the hypothesis of uniform convergence of the differentials at no significant cost in the conclusions of the result. This new result is then used to extend to non-linear cases the reduction of some population discrete models involving processes acting at different time scales. In practical cases, some processes that occur at a fast time scale are often only measured at slow time intervals, notably mortality. For a general class of linear models that include such a kind of processes, it has been shown that a more realistic approach requires the re-scaling of those processes to be considered at the fast time scale. We develop the same type of re-scaling in some non-linear models and prove the corresponding reduction results. We also provide an application to a particular model of a structured population in a two-patch environment.
Predator–prey pattern formation driven by population diffusion based on Moore neighborhood structure
Authors: Huang Tousheng , Zhang Huayong , Hu Zhengran , Pan Ge , Ma Shengnan , Zhang Xiumin , Gao Zichun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Diffusion-driven instability is a basic nonlinear mechanism for pattern formation. Therefore, the way of population diffusion may play a determinative role in the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological systems. In this research, we launch an investigation on the pattern formation of a discrete predator–prey system where the population diffusion is based on the Moore neighborhood structure instead of the von Neumann neighborhood structure widely applied previously. Under pattern formation conditions which are determined by Turing instability analysis, numerical simulations are performed to reveal the spatiotemporal complexity of the system. A pure Turing instability can induce the self-organization of many basic types of patterns as described in the literature, as well as new spiral-spot and labyrinth patterns which show the temporally oscillating and chaotic property. Neimark–Sacker–Turing and flip–Turing instability can lead to the formation of circle, spiral and much more complex patterns, which are self-organized via spatial symmetry breaking on the states that are homogeneous in space and non-periodic in time. Especially, the emergence of spiral pattern suggests that spatial order can generate from temporal disorder, implying that even when the predator–prey dynamics in one site is chaotic, the spatially global dynamics may still be predictable. The results obtained in this research suggest that when the way of population diffusion changes, the pattern formation in the predator–prey systems demonstrates great differences. This may provide realistic significance to explain more general predator–prey coexistence.
3D effects of a bone-anchored intra-oral protraction in treating class III growing patient: a pilot study
Authors: Almuzian Mohammed , Almukhtar Anas , Ulhaq Aman , Alharbi Fahad , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective case series study is to assess the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal and soft tissue effects of the alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol in conjunction with a miniscrew-supported class III elastic wear in class III growing patients.Materials and methodsFourteen consecutive participants (mean age 12.05 ± 1.09 years), who displayed class III malocclusions with retrognathic maxillae, were recruited. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was acquired before commencing treatment (T1). All participants were treated with a tooth-bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (hybrid MARME) appliance that was activated by the Alt-RAMEC protocol for 9 weeks. This was followed by full-time class III elastics, delivering 400 g/side, to protract the maxilla. When a positive overjet was achieved, protraction was ceased and a post-treatment CBCT scan (T2) was taken. The 3D analysis of pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans was blinded. The scans were registered on the anterior cranial base. The Euclidean distance between the two extracted surface models of the pre- and post-treatment scans was displayed as a color surface map.ResultsAll participants completed the intervention successfully. The majority of the participants showed protraction of the anterior maxillary region (71.4%) and in the zygomatic processes (64.2%). The maxilla significantly protracted (SNA 1.87° ± 1.06°; Vert.T-A 3.29 ± 1.54 mm), while the mandibular base significantly redirected posteriorly (SNB − 2.03° ± 0.85°, Vert.T-B − 3.43 ± 4.47 mm) and that was reflected on the ANB and Wits measurements. No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionClass III elastics combined with the Alt-RAMEC activation protocol of the hybrid MARME appliance is an effective treatment method for mild/moderate class III malocclusions. A long-term follow-up and comparisons with other treatment modalities are required.
Independent validation of machine learning in diagnosing breast Cancer on magnetic resonance imaging within a single institution
Authors: Ji Yu , Li Hui , Edwards Alexandra V. , Papaioannou John , Ma Wenjuan , Liu Peifang , Giger Maryellen L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
As artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of disease advance, we aimed to evaluate machine learning in the predictive task of distinguishing between malignant and benign breast lesions on an independent clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset within a single institution for subsequent use as a computer aid for radiologists.

Methods
Computer analysis was conducted on consecutive dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) studies from 1483 breast cancer and 496 benign patients who underwent MRI examinations between February 2015 and October 2017; with the age ranges of the cancer and benign patients being 19 to 77 and 16 to 76 years old, respectively. Cases were separated into a training dataset (years 2015 & 2016; 1444 cases) and an independent testing dataset (year 2017; 535 cases) based solely on MRI examination date. After radiologist indication of the lesion, the computer automatically segmented and extracted radiomic features, which were subsequently merged with a support-vector machine (SVM) to yield a lesion signature. Area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) served as the primary figure of merit in the statistical evaluation for this clinical classification task.

Results
In the task of distinguishing malignant and benign breast lesions DCE-MRI, the trained predictive model yielded an AUC value of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.858, 0.922) on the independent image set. AUC values of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.845, 0.926) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.837, 0.940) were obtained for mass lesions only and non-mass lesions only, respectively. Compared with actual clinical management decisions, the predictive model achieved 99.5% sensitivity with 9.6% fewer recommended biopsies.

Conclusion
On an independent, consecutive clinical dataset within a single institution, a trained machine learning system yielded promising performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast lesions.
Age-related injury risk curves for the lumbar spine for use in low-back-pain prevention in manual handling tasks
Authors: Kudo Naoki , Yamada Yoji , Ito Daisuke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study introduces injury risk curves for the lumbar spine for use in the risk assessment of low back pain (LBP) caused by manual lifting of heavy loads. LBP has been a longstanding problem among industrial workers, giving rise to the development of assistive devices. However, quantitative evaluation methods to verify the safety of such devices have not yet been established. The notable biomechanical criterion of 3.4 kN of lumbar compressive force, defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, applies only to young, healthy workers with a fixed risk level. This study on injury risk curves clarified the risk level of injury to the lumbar spine due to lumbar compressive force for individuals within a wide age range. The findings can be applied for the design and evaluation of assistive devices as well as the design of ergonomic guidelines for manual work.