bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo Monitoring of Oxygen Levels in Human Brain Tumor Between Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Oxygen-enhanced MR Imaging
Authors: Qian Junchao , Yu Xiang , Li Bingbing , Fei Zhenle , Huang Xiang , Luo Peng , Zhang Liwei , Zhang Zhiming , Lou Jianjun , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: September 2018

Background::
It was known that the response of tumor cells to radiation is closely related
to tissue oxygen level and fractionated radiotherapy allows reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor
cells. Non-invasive mapping of tissue oxygen level may hold great importance in clinic.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of oxygen-enhanced MR imaging in the
detection of tissue oxygen levels between fractionated radiotherapy.

Methods:
A cohort of 10 patients with brain metastasis was recruited. Quantitative oxygen enhanced
MR imaging was performed prior to, 30 minutes and 22 hours after first fractionated radiotherapy.

Results:
The ΔR1 (the difference of longitudinal relaxivity between 100% oxygen breathing and air
breathing) increased in the ipsilateral tumor site and normal tissue by 242% and 152%, respectively,
30 minutes after first fractionated radiation compared to pre-radiation levels. Significant recovery
of ΔR1 in the contralateral normal tissue (p < 0.05) was observed 22 hours compared to 30
minutes after radiation levels.

Conclusion:
R1-based oxygen-enhanced MR imaging may provide a sensitive endogenous marker
for oxygen changes in the brain tissue between fractionated radiotherapy.
Rational Design of Colchicine Derivatives as anti-HIV Agents via QSAR and Molecular Docking
Authors: Worachartcheewan Apilak , Songtawee Napat , Siriwong Suphakit , Prachayasittikul Supaluk , Nantasenamat Chanin , Prachayasittikul Virapong 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infective agent that causes
an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, the rational design of inhibitors for
preventing the progression of the disease is required.

Objective:
This study aims to construct quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models,
molecular docking and newly rational design of colchicine and derivatives with anti-HIV
activity.

Methods:
A data set of 24 colchicine and derivatives with anti-HIV activity were employed to
develop the QSAR models using machine learning methods (e.g. multiple linear regression
(MLR), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM)), and to study a molecular
docking.

Results:
The significant descriptors relating to the anti-HIV activity included JGI2, Mor24u, Gm
and R8p+ descriptors. The predictive performance of the models gave acceptable statistical qualities
as observed by correlation coefficient (Q2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of leave-one
out cross-validation (LOO-CV) and external sets. Particularly, the ANN method outperformed
MLR and SVM methods that displayed LOO−CV
2 Q and RMSELOO-CV of 0.7548 and 0.5735 for LOOCV
set, and
Ext
2 Q of 0.8553 and RMSEExt of 0.6999 for external validation. In addition, the molecular
docking of virus-entry molecule (gp120 envelope glycoprotein) revealed the key interacting
residues of the protein (cellular receptor, CD4) and the site-moiety preferences of colchicine
derivatives as HIV entry inhibitors for binding to HIV structure. Furthermore, newly rational design
of colchicine derivatives using informative QSAR and molecular docking was proposed.

Conclusion:
These findings serve as a guideline for the rational drug design as well as potential
development of novel anti-HIV agents.
Deposition of Cr Atoms Using Switching-Detuning Light Mask for Direct Atom Lithography
Authors: Zhu Li , Deng Xiao , Liu Jie , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao 
Published: September 2018

Background:
As progress on the nanofabrication has made semiconductor developed
rapidly, there is an increasing need in precise pitch standards to calibrate the structure of devices at
nanoscale. Nano-gratings fabricated by atom lithography are unique and suitable to act as precise
pitch standard because its pitch distance is directly traceable to a natural constant. As the scaling
down of nano-devices, it is very challenging to double the spatial frequency of nano-grating while
keeping the self-traceability in atom lithography.

Methods:
In this study, the switching-detuning light mask is utilized for Cr atom lithography. During
a single deposition process, the standing wave frequency is switching from positive detuning to negative
detuning alternatively.

Results:
Nano-gratings fabricated using switching-detuning light mask is successfully replicated
with double spatial frequency and self-traceability. Non-uniformity between neighboring Cr lines
shows up with a corrected pitch of 107.15

Conclusion:
Non-uniformity is mainly caused by the dipole force discrepancy between positive and
negative detuning light mask. Therefore, to increase the high uniformity of nano-gratings, the deposition
time of negative detuning should be at least twice as the positive detuning. On the other hand, to
reduce the pitch uncertainty, it is necessary to reduce the distance between the atom beam and reflection
mirror as close as possible. These two significant optimization designs are promising to increase
the spatial frequency doubling performance with high uniformity and accuracy.
Multi-scales Image Denoising Method Based on Joint Confidence Probability of Coefficients
Authors: Tan Dandan , Zhang Yiming , Han Bingxu 
Published: September 2018

Background:
It is a classic problem that we estimate the original coefficient from the
known coefficient disturbed with noise.

Methods:
This paper proposes an image denoising method which combines the dual-tree complex
wavelet with good direction selection and translation invariance. Firstly, we determine the expression
of probability density function through estimating the parameters by the variance and the
fourth-order moment. Secondly, we propose two assumptions and calculate the joint confidence
probability of original coefficient under the situation that the disturbed parental and present coefficients
from neighborhood scale are known. Finally, we set the joint confidence probability as shrinkage
function of coefficient for implementing the image denoising.

Results:
The simulation experiment results show that, compared to these traditional methods, this
new method can reserve more detail information.

Conclusion:
Compared to the current methods, our novel algorithm can remove the most noise and
reserve the detail texture in denoising results, which can make better visualization. In addition, our
algorithm also shows advantage in PSNR.
Chitosan: A Natural and Sustainable Polymeric Organocatalyst for C-C Bond Formation During the Synthesis of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d] thiazole-4,6-dicarbonitriles
Authors: Shivhare Km N. , Siddiqui Ibadur R. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
A green, recyclable and reusable chitosan catalyst has been utilized for the
synthesis of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-4,6-dicarbonitrile and its derivatives.

Methods and Results:
Three-component reaction protocol incorporates the reaction of aldehydes,
malononitrile and rhodanine derivatives. This is examined as an efficient route for the synthesis of
dicarbonitriles utilizing a green, biodegradable, environmentally benign, and easily available chitosan
catalyst. In the reported protocol, catalyst can be recycled and not any substantial dropping in its catalytic
activity during the recycling steps was obtained.

Conclusion:
A green and environmentally benign, one pot three-component protocol has been
illustrated for the synthesis of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-4,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives.
Adequately yield products were gained via the natural catalytic approach with the recyclability of the
catalyst. The use of chitosan represents this procedure as an attractive substitute for the synthesis of
biaryls complex by multicomponent reaction condition.
Double PEGylation Significantly Improves Pharmacokinetic Properties of Irinotecan Containing Nanoparticles in a Zebrafish Model
Authors: Saxena Uday , Rajadurai Marina , Basaveni Surendar , Yellanki Swapna , Medishetti Raghavender , Sevilimedu Aarti , Kulkarni Pushkar 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of oral or injectable
drugs dictate whether the drug is clinically viable or not. Poor PK properties often result in
termination of the development of the drug. Optimizing PK properties of drugs is a major
challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Ideally, sufficient circulating time of the drug in
the plasma is required, so that it has adequate opportunity to reach the target tissue.

Methods:
We have used irinotecan, a known drug with poor PK properties, as a prototype
to apply our idea of improving PK in plasma by PEGylation. We compared the PK profile
of free irinotecan, irinotecan packaged in nanoparticles (NPs) with single polyethylene
glycol (PEG) layer and irinotecan packaged in NPs with double PEG layer. PK properties
of these formulations were compared in a zebrafish model when given intraperitoneally.

Results:
Dramatic differences in the PK properties of the three formulations were observed.
The AUC, Cmax and T1/2 of irinotecan in each of these formulations differed from
each other significantly. Approx. 4.5 - fold higher peak concentration (Cmax) and ~3 - fold
higher exposure (AUC0-t) were observed for double PEGylated NPs as compared to free
irinotecan and single PEGylated NPs.

Conclusion:
In summary, our data suggest that double PEGylation of NPs could be a very
effective way to improve PK properties of drugs such as irinotecan.
Amniocentesis precoz y biopsia de vellosidad corial. Pérdidas fetales y anomalías congénitas en un grupo de gestantes brasileñas
Authors: Bernal Luz Mery , Bernal María Consuelo , Gollop Thomaz 
Published: September 2018

En el Instituto de Medicina Fetal y Genética Humana de São Paulo se ofrecen, a las gestantes que tienen un riesgo aumentado para anomalías cromosómicas, diferentes técnicas, entre ellas, la Biopsia de Vellosidad Corial Transabdominal (BVCTA) y la Amniocentesis Precoz (AP). El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una comparación de la frecuencia de pérdidas fetales y anomalías congénitas presentadas en cada uno de los procedimientos, ambos realizados por los mismos operadores, en la misma edad gestacional (12-14 6/7 semanas) y bajo un abordaje transabdominal. Fueron analizadas retrospectivamente 432 AP y 418 BVCTA. Todos los procedimientos de colecta fueron monitorizados por ultrasonografía. La frecuencia de pérdidas fetales espontáneas fue del 4,9 % en AP y de 5,3 % en BVCTA, una diferencia no significativa. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos procedimientos al comparar las frecuencias de pérdidas en cada semana de gestación. Sangrado y pérdida de líquido amniótico fueron más frecuentes en AP que en la BVCTA. Esa diferencia fue significativa en el caso de la pérdida de líquido amniótico. En algunoscasos este hallazgo se relacionó con pérdida fetal. La incidencia de prematuridad y bajo peso al nacimiento no difirió significativamente entre los dos procedimientos. La mayor frecuencia de problemas respiratorios registrada en AP no fue significativa en comparación con BVCTA. No se observó diferencia significativa en la incidencia de anomalías músculo-esqueléticas. La amniocentesis después de catorce semanas presenta un bajo riesgo de pérdida fetal o anomalías congénitas. La BVCTA, debe ser realizada alrededor de la semana doce de gestación.
Analyst Coverage and Expected Crash Risk: Evidence from Exogenous Changes in Analyst Coverage
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bon , Lu Louise Yi , Yu Yangxin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Using brokerage mergers and closures as two sources of exogenous shock to analyst coverage, this study explores the causal effect of analyst coverage on ex ante expected crash risk as captured by the options implied volatility smirk. We find a significant increase in a firm's ex ante expected crash risk subsequent to an exogenous drop in analyst coverage; this positive effect is stronger for firms initially receiving less coverage. Further, we find analysts' ability matters to investors' assessment of future crash risk. Specifically, we find the impact is more pronounced for the coverage terminations of analysts with more firm-specific or general experience, with greater access to resources, or whose prior forecasts are more accurate than those of their peers. Overall, our results suggest that investors in the options market do recognize analysts as important information intermediaries and monitors and, thus, that analyst coverage influences the underlying stock's expected crash risk.
JEL Classifications: G12; M41.
Effects on Comparability and Capital Market Benefits of Voluntary IFRS Adoption
Authors: Barth Mary E. , Landsman Wayne R. , Lang Mark H. , Williams Christopher D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
This study addresses whether voluntary IFRS adoption is associated with increased comparability of accounting amounts and capital market benefits. We find that after firms voluntarily adopt IFRS (“adopting” firms), their accounting amounts are more comparable to those of firms that previously adopted IFRS (“adopted” firms) and less comparable to those of firms that apply domestic standards (“non-adopting” firms). Adopting firms exhibit increased liquidity, share turnover, and firm-specific information relative to adopted and non-adopting firms. Neither adopted nor non-adopting firms suffer capital market consequences. Adopting firms with higher comparability with adopted firms have greater capital market benefits after adopting IFRS than adopting firms with lower comparability, and capital market benefits for adopting firms in countries with a relatively high percentage of firms that apply IFRS enjoy greater capital market benefits.
Impact of Visit-to-Visit Fasting Plasma Glucose Variability on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Jung A. , Lee Ji Sung , Chung Hye Soo , Roh Eun , Lee You-Bin , Hong So-hyeon , Kim Nam Hoon , Yoo Hye Jin , Seo Ji A. , Kim Sin Gon , Kim Nan Hee , Baik Sei Hyun , Choi Kyung Mook 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE
Although increasing evidence suggests the association between short-term variability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diabetic complications or mortality, the impact of visit-to-visit variability of FPG on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been evaluated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Our analysis included 131,744 Korean men and women without diabetes using the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort with periodic health examination program. FPG variability was calculated using the coefficient of variation (FPG-CV), SD (FPG-SD), and variability independent of the mean (FPG-VIM).

RESULTS
During the median follow-up time of 8.3 years, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated lower disease-free probability in the higher FPG variability group compared with the lower FPG variability group. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis exhibited that the hazard ratio for incident T2D was 1.67 (95% CI 1.58–1.77, P &lt; 0.001) in the highest quartile of FPG-CV compared with the lowest quartile of FPG-CV after adjusting for confounding variables, including mean FPG. The association between FPG variability and the risk of T2D was consistent when modeling using FPG-SD and FPG-VIM in both normal and impaired fasting glucose groups. A 1 SD increase in the FPG-CV was associated with a 24% increased risk of T2D in the fully adjusted model.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased variability of FPG is associated with the development of T2D independently of diverse risk factors.
First Genome-Wide Association Study of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Reveals Novel Insights Linking Immune and Metabolic Diabetes
Authors: Cousminer Diana L. , Ahlqvist Emma , Mishra Rajashree , Andersen Mette K. , Chesi Alessandra , Hawa Mohammad I. , Davis Asa , Hodge Kenyaita M. , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Zhou Kaixin , Guy Vanessa C. , Åkerlund Mikael , Wod Mette , Fritsche Lars G. , Vestergaard Henrik , Snyder James , Højlund Kurt , Linneberg Allan , Käräjämäki Annemari , Brandslund Ivan , Kim Cecilia E. , Witte Daniel , Sørgjerd Elin Pettersen , Brillon David J. , Pedersen Oluf , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Grarup Niels , Pratley Richard E. , Rickels Michael R. , Vella Adrian , Ovalle Fernando , Melander Olle , Harris Ronald I. , Varvel Stephen , Grill Valdemar E.R. , Hakonarson Hakon , Froguel Philippe , Lonsdale John T. , Mauricio Didac , Schloot Nanette C. , Khunti Kamlesh , Greenbaum Carla J. , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Yderstræde Knud B. , Pearson Ewan R. , Schwartz Stanley , Voight Benjamin F. , Hansen Torben , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Boehm Bernhard O. , Groop Leif , Leslie R. David , Grant Struan F.A. ,   Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study, McCormack Shana E. , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Kelly Andrea , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Lappe Joan M. , Shepherd John A. , Oberfield Sharon E. , Gilsanz Vicente , Zemel Babette S. 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVELatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) shares clinical features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the precise definition of LADA. Understanding its genetic basis is one potential strategy to gain insight into appropriate classification of this diabetes subtype.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed the first genome-wide association study of LADA in case subjects of European ancestry versus population control subjects (n = 2,634 vs. 5,947) and compared against both case subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 2,454 vs. 968) and type 2 diabetes (n = 2,779 vs. 10,396).RESULTSThe leading genetic signals were principally shared with type 1 diabetes, although we observed positive genetic correlations genome-wide with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we observed a novel independent signal at the known type 1 diabetes locus harboring PFKFB3, encoding a regulator of glycolysis and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes and inflammation and autophagy in autoimmune disease, as well as an attenuation of key type 1–associated HLA haplotype frequencies in LADA, suggesting that these are factors that distinguish childhood-onset type 1 diabetes from adult autoimmune diabetes.CONCLUSIONSOur results support the need for further investigations of the genetic factors that distinguish forms of autoimmune diabetes as well as more precise classification strategies.
Relations between theoretical and real-time accessibility for inter-regional, intra-regional and intra-urban car journeys:The example of Poland
Authors: Wiśniewski Szymon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe article presents the results of research devoted to comparing accessibility in terms of theoretical and real travel times by car at inter-regional, intra-regional and intra-urban scales. The research strives to achieve three types of aim. The methodological aim is to assess the suitability of the data for research into transport geography, in particular with regard to accessibility. This objective also focuses on developing a method for acquiring and processing source data from suppliers. The cognitive goal is to analyse the spatial differentiation of theoretical and real travel times at different spatial scales. In terms of application, the focus is on the use of real travel time data for transport planning. Data on theoretical travel times includes the author’s own calculations based on analyses whose key assumption is that cars move on a road network at the maximum speeds allowed by the law with all other variables being excluded. The other source of data (on real travel times) is the Distance Matrix Response provided by Google Maps APIs. Due to methods such as isochrones and cumulative accessibility it was concluded that data obtained from Google servers is highly useful for research into transport geography, including time accessibility analyses. The patterns presented here however cannot be treated uncritically or used for unrestricted analysis. With regard to the cognitive goal, it should be emphasized that spatial variations in travel differences, resulting from theoretical and real variants for journeys between regional cities in Poland, between settlement units within one region, or within one of its large cities, are heterogeneous depending on the nature and length of the journey. Therefore, depending on the spatial extent of analysis, divergences in travel times should be expected.
Pareto Based Virtual Machine Selection with Load Balancing in Cloud Data Centre
Authors: Naik Ketaki Bhalchandra , Gandhi G. Meera , Patil S. H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cloud Data centers have adopted virtualization techniques for effective and efficient compilation of an application. The requirements of application from the execution perspective are fulfilled by scaling up and down the Virtual Machines (VMs). The appropriate selection of VMs to handle the unpredictable peak workload without load imbalance is a critical challenge for a cloud data center. In this article, we propose Pareto based Greedy-Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (G-NSGA2) for agile selection of a virtual machine. Our strategy generates Pareto optimal solutions for fair distribution of cloud workloads among the set of virtual machines. True Pareto fronts generate approximate optimal trade off solution for multiple conflicting objectives rather than aggregating all objectives to obtain single trade off solution. The objectives of our study are to minimize the response time, operational cost and energy consumption of the virtual machine. The simulation results evaluate that our hybrid NSGA-II outperforms as compared to the standard NSGA-II Multiobjective optimization problem.
A Fault Tolerant Scheduling Heuristics for Distributed Real Time Embedded Systems
Authors: Malika Bachir , Kalla Hamoudi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this paper, fault tolerant task scheduling algorithms are proposed for mapping task graphs to heterogeneous processing nodes. These scheduling heuristics that we propose are redundancy-based software to tolerate hardware faults. We consider only processor permanent failures with a fail-silent behavior. The proposed heuristics generate automatically a real-time fault distributed schedule of dependent and independent tasks into heterogonous multiprocessors architecture. The heuristics are based on active and passive redundancy.
Distribution of the antlion Dendroleon pantherinus (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kuras Tomáš , Mazalová Monika 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper summarizes the records of Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), a European species of antlion belonging to rare and threatened taxa, in the Czech Republic. The species is associated with an ancient xerothermic broadleave forest habitat. So far, D. pantherinus was recorded only a few times in the Czech Republic − always in the southernmost part of Moravia. Several new records of the species from Moravia and Silesia are given. These are Nivnice, Mohelno, Mašovice (in southeast Moravia) and Bukovec (near the Czech-Polish border, in Silesia), where several specimens were sampled, mostly in the dwellings. Therefore, we presume at least partially synanthropic life history of the species.
Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) in Holewa’s list of Silesian birds
Authors: Hudeček Jiří J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) rarely visitor to middle Europe already in the 19th century. Holewa (1900) introduced a species for Silesia (before 1899), but nothing more in known, not even his source, and his work was criticized at his time. Nevertheless, he rightly assumed the generic membership as well as did all later authors, Mlíkovský’s (2012) evaluation that H. Holewa mentioned an unknown name “Puffinus anglicus” or that he had mistaken it with the name of the Gull-billed Tern