bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring socioeconomic adversity in early life
Authors: Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. , Rigdon Joseph , Rovnaghi Cynthia R. , Qin FeiFei , Tembulkar Sahil , Bush Nicole , LeWinn Kaja , Tylavsky Frances A. , Davis Robert , Barr Donald A. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimEarly life adversity leads to enduring effects on physical and mental health, school performance and other outcomes. We sought to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with socioeconomic adversity in early life.MethodsWe enrolled 1503 pregnant women aged 16–40 years, without pregnancy complications or pre‐existing conditions from Shelby County, Tennessee. Social, familial and economic variables were analysed using principal components (PCs) analyses to generate the Socioeconomic Adversity Index (SAI). This was replicated using the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Health and social outcomes were compared across the quintile groups defined by SAI values at the county, state and national levels.ResultsSignificant differences occurred across the SAI Quintile‐1 to Quintile‐5 groups in marital status, household structure, annual income, education and health insurance. Significantly worse health and social outcomes occurred in the lower versus higher SAI quintiles, including maternal depression, parental incarceration, child's birthweight and potential for child abuse. Maternal age and race also differed significantly across the SAI quintiles.ConclusionModifiable factors contributing to socioeconomic adversity in early life included marital status, household structure, annual income, education and health insurance. Those exposed to greater socioeconomic adversity as defined by SAI values had significantly worse maternal and child outcomes.
Neurodevelopmental problems should be considered in children with febrile seizures
Authors: Nilsson Gill , Westerlund Joakim , Fernell Elisabeth , Billstedt Eva , Miniscalco Carmela , Arvidsson Thomas , Olsson Ingrid , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimClinical developmental phenotyping of four‐ to five‐year‐old children with febrile seizures (FSs).MethodsChildren with FS (n = 157, corresponding to 3.7% of the targeted general population of four‐five‐year‐olds) had been identified at child healthcare centres in Gothenburg. Parents of 73 children (41 boys, 32 girls) accepted participation in the present study. The assessments included a neuropaediatric assessment, Movement ABC, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐III and parent questionnaires (Five‐to‐Fifteen (FTF) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). Hospital records were reviewed, when applicable.ResultsOne‐third of the children had at least one DSM‐5 neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis or marked developmental problems within areas of attention, activity regulation, behaviour, speech and language, general cognition or motor functioning. No differences were found between children with single vs recurrent or simple vs complex FS.ConclusionFebrile seizure are relatively often associated with Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCEs). We found no indications that ESSENCE might be caused by FS per se. However, the results suggest that child healthcare professionals should consider the possibility of ESSENCE in children with a history of FS.
Prediction of soilpHpatterns in nature areas on a national scale
Authors: Wamelink G. W. Wieger , Walvoort Dennis J. J. , Sanders Marlies E. , Meeuwsen Henk A. M. , Wegman Ruut M. A. , Pouwels Rogier , Knotters Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionTo assess the acidification process, nationwide information about soilpHon a site level is called for. Measurements of soilpHmay be used, however there are not sufficient measurements available to map soilpHnationwide on site level. Instead we developed a soilpHmap based on vegetation data.LocationNatural terrestrial areas in The Netherlands.Methods271,693 vegetation plots were used to estimate average soilpHper plot with indicator values, based on field measurements, of plant species. By spatial interpolation averagepHvalues between the plots, with the soil type, groundwater table and vegetation management type as ancillary explanatory variables we created a soilpHmap. The map covers all terrestrial nature areas (all areas that are not built up areas, agricultural areas and infrastructural areas) in the Netherlands with a map resolution of 25 × 25 m2raster cells.ResultsThe predictedpHof the map varied between 3.0 and 8.6 with standard errors between 0.13 and 0.93. Most of the standard errors range from 0.4 to 0.55, with an average just below 0.5pHunit. Cross‐validation shows that for 33% the difference between observed and predicted is between −0.1 and 0.1pH‐unit and for 83% the difference is between −0.5 and 0.5pH‐unit. Validation shows that thepHmap is unbiased (mean error is almost zero), accurate (root mean squared error is 0.64) and nicely captures spatial patterns (r = 0.77). We applied thepHmap to assess the impact of acidification on the abiotic quality of nature areas in the Netherlands.ConclusionsThe model fit in the predicted soilpHis in good resulting in a low standard error and a high correlation. The measures taken to prevent acidic deposition causing further acidifying of nature areas can be considered as successful.
Hormonal and metabolic effects of carbohydrate restriction in children with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Irizarry Krystal A. , Mager Diana R. , Triador Lucila , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Haqq Andrea M. , Freemark Michael 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveMacronutrient regulation of hyperphagia and adiposity in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is poorly understood. We compared fasting and postprandial concentrations of hormones and metabolites in eight PWS children (age 9‐18 years) fed, in random order, low carbohydrate, high‐fat (LC, 15% carb; 65% fat; 20% protein) and low‐fat, high carbohydrate (LF, 65% carb, 15% fat, 20% protein) diets matched for calories and protein.MethodsParticipants were randomized to consume either the LC or LF diet during a first hospital admission and the second diet during a subsequent admission. Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting and 1 hour after a mixed meal.ResultsRelative to subjects consuming the LF diet, subjects consuming the LC diet had: lower postprandial insulin concentrations (P = 0.02); higher fasting GLP‐1 AND GIP concentrations and increased postprandial GLP‐1 (P < 0.02); reduced ratio of fasting ghrelin to GLP‐1 (P = 0.0078); increased FFA and fatty acid oxidation, as assessed by concentrations of even‐chain acylcarnitines (P < 0.001); lower fasting TG and TG/HDL ratio (P < 0.01); and higher concentrations of branch chain amino acids (P < 0.01). There were no changes in glucose, PYY, or adiponectin. CRP, AST and ALT were all higher (P < 0.01) on the LC diet.ConclusionsIncreases in GLP‐1 with low carbohydrate feeding and reductions in the ratio of ghrelin to GLP‐1 might limit food intake and improve glycaemic control in PWS. Other potential benefits of carbohydrate restriction may include fat mobilization and oxidation and reductions in the TG/HDL ratio, a marker of insulin resistance. However, increases in CRP, AST and ALT necessitate longer‐term studies of low carbohydrate efficacy and safety.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 immunocytochemical expression in direct endometrial brushings: Possible diagnostic help in endometrial cytology
Authors: Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Yanoh Kenji , Maeda Yoshinobu , Irino Satoshi , Hirai Yasuo , Fulciniti Franco , Kobayashi Tadao K. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThis study evaluated the immunocytochemical (ICC) expression of IMP3 in direct endometrial brushings processed as liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC), serous carcinoma (ESC) and surface papillary syncytial change (SPSC) with endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD) to exploit its possible differential diagnostic aid.MethodsIn total, 333 samples of LBC samples were obtained from selected outpatients in parallel with Pipelle endometrial sampling. They consisted of 97 EAC (83 grade 1: EAC‐1, 14 EAC‐3), 35 ESC and 201 benign endometrial samples (51 proliferative, 42 secretory, 38 atrophic, 70 SPSC with EGBD). ICC expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3) was manually performed on Papanicolaou‐stained LBC samples.ResultsThe ESC samples showed positive staining cells in 100%, EAC‐3 in 28.5%, and EAC‐1 in 2.4% cases. All the benign endometrium samples were negative. Only ESC cases showed strong immunoreactivity (≥3+) in more than 50% of tumour cells with an average frequency of 80%.ConclusionsIMP3 is a helpful immunomarker to distinguish ESC from EAC and SPSC in endometrial cytology.
Through the ages—Aetiological changes in maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Goedecke Maximilian , Thiem Daniel G. E. , Schneider Daniel , Frerich Bernhard , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsThe number of patients suffering maxillofacial trauma remains constant although the affected patients become older. The aim of this study was to illuminate the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in a University Medical Centre and to analyse potential changes in patient population and treatment methods during a 5‐year period.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective analysis, the records of 573 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a level one trauma centre from January 2010 to December 2014 were analysed with regard to gender, age, date and time of hospitalization as well as discharge, aetiology, type of fracture, surgery details, complications and further injuries. Causes were subdivided into assaults, falls, epileptic seizure, work‐related, traffic accident by car or bicycle, sport‐associated or others (eg caused by explosions, horse kicks or unknown).ResultsThe most common causes for fractures were assaults (28.8%; n = 165), followed by falls (23.9%; n = 137), although falls became the main reason for maxillofacial fractures in 2013 and 2014. The mean age for patients suffering from facial fractures due to falls was significantly higher compared to those injured by other causes. Most commonly, fractures of the zygomatico‐maxillary complex with or without orbital floor involvement were seen (31.6%; n = 291) followed by fractures of the mandible (20.6%; n = 190) and fractures of the nose (15.2%; n = 140). Most patients were treated surgically (89.5%; n = 513) even though an increase in non‐surgical treatment was found over the examination period, especially in older patients.ConclusionsMaxillofacial fractures are mostly seen in younger male patients. Assaults were the main pattern of injury during the whole examination period, although falls became the main cause in older patients over the last 2 years.
Integral Fixation Titanium/Polyetheretherketone Cages for Cervical Arthrodesis: Evolution of Cage Design and Early Radiological Outcomes and Fusion Rates
Authors: Phan Kevin , Pelletier Matthew H , Rao Prashanth J , Choy Wen Jie , Walsh William R , Mobbs Ralph J 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the initial outcomes of a composite cage with integral fixation using the Redmond titanium (Ti)/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) device.MethodsData from 50 consecutive patients were prospectively collected from a single senior surgeon cohort. All cages were between 5 and 8 mm in height, and were packed with supercritical CO2 sterilized allograft. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months, and implant complications were assessed.ResultsFrom the original cohort, three were unavailable for follow‐up. Forty‐seven patients with a total of 58 operative levels were observed for a mean of 7.9 months. A fusion rate of 96% was achieved. Good to excellent outcomes were seen in 92% of patients. There were no cases of implant Ti/PEEK delamination or implant failure, with excellent early fusion rates using supercritical CO2 allograft.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the development of a composite ACDF cage design that is a safe and effective treatment option with the potential for early osseointegration and interbody fusion. Supercritical CO2 sterilized allograft was an effective graft material supporting fusion.
Notch signaling activation induces cell death in MAPKi‐resistant melanoma cells
Authors: Mikheil Dareen M. , Prabhakar Kirthana , Arshad Ayyan , Rodriguez Carlos I. , Newton Michael A. , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe role of Notch signaling in melanoma drug resistance is not well understood. In this study, we show that although NOTCH proteins are upregulated in metastatic melanoma cell lines, Notch signaling inhibition had no effect on cell survival, growth, migration or the sensitivity of BRAFV600E‐melanoma cells to MAPK inhibition (MAPKi). We found that NOTCH1 is downregulated in melanoma cell lines with intrinsic and acquired resistance to MAPKi. Forced expression of NICD1, the active form of Notch1, caused apoptosis of the NOTCHlo, MAPKi‐resistant cells, but not the NOTCHhi, MAPKi‐sensitive melanoma cell lines. Whole transcriptome‐sequencing analyses of NICD1‐transduced MAPKi‐sensitive and MAPKi‐resistant cells revealed differential regulation of endothelin 1 (EDN1) by NICD1, that is, downregulation in MAPKi‐resistant cells and upregulation in MAPKi‐sensitive cells. Knockdown of EDN1 partially mimicked the effect of NICD1 on the survival of MAPKi‐resistant cells. We show that the opposite regulation of EDN1 by Notch signaling is mediated by the differential regulation of c‐JUN by NICD1. Our data show that MAPKi‐resistant melanoma cells acquire vulnerability to Notch signaling activation and suggest that Notch‐c‐JUN‐EDN1 axis is a potential therapeutic target in MAPKi‐resistant melanoma.
Fasting enhances cold resistance in fish through stimulating lipid catabolism and autophagy
Authors: Lu Dong‐Liang , Ma Qiang , Wang Jing , Li Ling‐Yu , Han Si‐Lan , Limbu Samwel Mchele , Li Dong‐Liang , Chen Li‐Qiao , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Du Zhen‐Yu 
Published: January 2019

Key points
In a cold environment, mammals increase their food intake while fish decrease or stop feeding. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in fish is currently unknown.
Fasting for more than 48 h enhanced acute cold resistance in zebrafish, which correlated with lipid catabolism and cell damage attenuation.
Lipid catabolism and autophagy were necessary for cold resistance in fish and the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation or autophagy weakened the fasting‐induced cold resistance.
Repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway by rapamycin largely mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance, suggesting mTOR signalling may be involved in the fasting‐induced cold resistance in fish.
Our study demonstrates that fasting may be a protective strategy for fish to survive under cold stress.
AbstractIn cold environments, most homeothermic animals increase their food intake to supply more energy to maintain body temperature, whereas most poikilothermic animals such as fishes decrease or even stop feeding under cold stress. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in poikilotherms has not been explained. Here, we show that moderate fasting largely enhanced cold resistance in fish. By using pharmacological (fenofibrate, mildronate, chloroquine and rapamycin) and nutritional approaches (fatty acids diets and amino acids diets) in wild‐type or specific gene knock‐out zebrafish models (carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b‐deficient strain, CPT1b−/−, or autophagy‐related protein 12‐deficient strain, ATG12−/−), we verified that fasting‐stimulated lipid catabolism and autophagy played essential roles in the improved cold resistance. Moreover, suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by using rapamycin mostly mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance as either the physiological phenotype or transcriptomic pattern. However, these beneficial effects were largely reduced when the mTOR pathway was activated through high dietary leucine supplementation. We conclude that fasting helps fish to resist cold stress by modulating lipid catabolism and autophagy, which correlates with the mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, fasting can act as a protective strategy of fish in resisting coldness.
Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength
Authors: Leduc‐Gaudet Jean‐Philippe , Reynaud Olivier , Hussain Sabah N. , Gouspillou Gilles 
Published: January 2019

Key points
Recent evidence suggests that impaired mitophagy, a process in charge of removing damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria and in part regulated by Parkin, could contribute to the ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and function.
In the present study, we show that Parkin overexpression attenuates ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength and unexpectedly causes hypertrophy in adult skeletal muscles. We also show that Parkin overexpression leads to increases in mitochondrial content and enzymatic activities. Finally, our results show that Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related increases in markers of oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis.
Our findings place Parkin as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate sarcopenia and improve skeletal muscle health and performance.
AbstractThe ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength, a process called sarcopenia, is one of the most deleterious hallmarks of ageing. Solid experimental evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunctions accumulate with ageing and are critical in the sarcopenic process. Recent findings suggest that mitophagy, the process in charge of the removal of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria, is altered in aged muscle. Impaired mitophagy represents an attractive mechanism that could contribute to the accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunctions and sarcopenia. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of Parkin overexpression in skeletal muscles of young and old mice. Parkin was overexpressed for 4 months in muscles of young (3 months) and late middle‐aged (18 months) mice using i.m. injections of adeno‐associated viruses. We show that Parkin overexpression increased muscle mass, fibre size and mitochondrial enzyme activities in both young and old muscles. In old mice, Parkin overexpression increased muscle strength, primordial germ cell‐1α content and mitochondrial density. Parkin overexpression also attenuated the ageing‐related increase in 4‐hydroxynonenal content (a marker of oxidative stress) and type I collagen content (a marker of fibrosis), as well as the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labelling‐positive myonuclei (a marker of apoptosis). Overall, our results indicate that Parkin overexpression attenuates sarcopenia and unexpectedly causes hypertrophy in adult muscles. They also show that Parkin overexpression leads to increases in mitochondrial content and enzymatic activities. Finally, our results show that Parkin overexpression protects against oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis. These findings highlight that Parkin may be an attractive therapeutic target with respect to attenuating sarcopenia and improving skeletal muscle health and performance.
Deformation-driven emplacement-differentiation in the Closepet pluton, Dharwar Craton, South India: an alternate view
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhijit 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In the Late Archean north-trending Closepet pluton, trains of euhedral K-feldspar phenocrysts and matrix-supported idiomorphic K-feldspar crystals in the central part of the pluton define oblique-to-pluton margin steep-dipping east/ENE-trending magmatic fabrics. The magmatic fabric is defined by phenocryst-rich and phenocryst-poor layers, with the euhedral porphyries continuous across the layers. The fabrics are near-orthogonal to the gently-dipping gneissic layers in the host gneisses. The fabrics curve adjacent to locally-developed north/NNE-trending melt-hosted dislocations parallel to the axial planes of horizontal/gently-plunging north-trending upright folds in the host gneisses. In the pluton interior, both fabrics in the intrusives formed at supra-solidus conditions, although the volume fraction of melts diminished drastically due to cooling/melt expulsion. At the pluton margin, the north-trending fabric is penetrative and post-dates magma solidification. Within the pluton, the major element oxides, rare earth elements, anorthite contents in plagioclase, and (Mg/Fe + Mg) ratios in biotite decrease with increasing SiO
2
from phenocryst-rich (up to 75% by volume) granodiorite to phenocryst-poor (<15 vol%) granite that broadly correspond to minimum melt composition. The chemical-mineralogical variations in the pluton is attributed to deformation-driven ascent of magma with heterogeneous crystal content, ascending at variable velocities (highest in crystal-poor magma) along oblique-to-pluton margin east/ENE-trending extensional fractures induced by dextral shearing.
Kidney Transplant Outcome Is Associated with Regulatory T Cell Population and Gene Expression Early after Transplantation
Authors: Krajewska Magdalena , Kościelska-Kasprzak Katarzyna , Kamińska Dorota , Żabińska Marcelina , Myszka-Kozłowska Marta , Gomułkiewicz Agnieszka , Dzięgiel Piotr , Klinger Marian 
Published: January 2019

Successful long-term kidney allograft survival with parallel reduction of complications resulting from prolonged immunosuppressive treatment is a goal in kidney transplantation. We studied the immune changes in cell phenotypes and gene expression induced by kidney transplantation. Our goal was to find a phenotypic and/or transcriptional pattern that might be considered prognostic for the kidney transplant outcome. The analysis was performed prospectively on 36 KTx recipients sampled during the first year and followed for five years after transplantation and on 40 long-term KTx recipients (7.9±2.2 y. post-KTx). The research involved flow cytometry assessment of lymphocyte subpopulations (including Tregs and CD3+CD8+CD28− lymphocytes) and gene expression analysis of immune-related genes (CD4, CD8, CTLA4, GZMB, FOXP3, IL10, IL4, ILR2A, NOTCH, PDCD1, PRF1, TGFB, and TNFA). The analysis of patterns observed over the first post-KTx year was confronted with control, pretransplant, and long-term transplant results. Treg counts at months one and three post-KTx correlated positively with the current and future allograft function. FOXP3 gene expression at month one post-KTx was also associated with long-term allograft function. The KTx-induced CD3+CD8+CD28− population correlated with GZMB and PRF1 expression and suggested their cytotoxic properties. The size of the Treg population and regulatory FOXP3 gene expression in the early period after transplantation are associated with kidney transplant outcome. The outlined predictive power of the Treg population needs to be investigated further to be confirmed as one of the immune monitoring strategies that may help achieve the best long-term kidney allograft outcomes.