bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of insecticide overuse in Hungary: assessment of pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Authors: Csiba Rebeka , Varga Zsaklin , Pásztor Dorina , Süle Bianka , Soltész Zoltán , Zana Brigitta , Bányai Krisztián , Kemenesi Gábor , Kurucz Kornélia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Mosquitoes, as vectors of various pathogens, have been a public health risk for centuries. Human activities such as international travel and trade, along with climate change, have facilitated the spread of invasive mosquitoes and novel pathogens across Europe, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne disease introduction and spread. Despite this threat, mosquito control in Hungary still relies predominantly on chemical treatments, which poses the risk of developing insecticide resistance in local populations. While pyrethroid resistance has been documented in several countries, there is no information on this issue from Hungary. This study aims to investigate the presence of resistance in Hungarian mosquito populations by analysing a native, already-known disease vector and a recently established invasive species with public health significance.
Methods
We assessed the presence of kdr mutations L1014F and V1016G in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, respectively, responsible for pyrethroid resistance. Mosquito specimens were investigated retrospectively, i.e. collected from previous years within the framework of local monitoring programs run in urban areas representing five regions of Hungary. The mutations in mosquitoes were detected individually by allele-specific PCR and gel electrophoresis, following generally used protocols.
Results
In Cx. pipiens, the kdr mutation was detected across all five collection sites, with resistance allele frequencies ranging from 18.1–36.3%. Resistance alleles were identified in homozygosity and in heterozygosity with the susceptible allele as well, resulting in 53% of the investigated mosquitoes showing resistance to pyrethroids in the Hungarian populations. In contrast, for Ae. albopictus, all the analysed individuals were found to carry only the susceptible alleles, indicating a homozygous susceptible genotype across all the investigated populations.
Conclusion
Our work highlights the consequences of the unilateral and long-term use of chemical treatments on mosquitoes. This indicates an urgent need for a change of concept in mosquito control strategy in Hungary, as well as in countries where mosquito control still relies dominantly on insecticides. The restricted use of chemical treatment is highly recommended to prevent the development of pyrethroid resistance in recently established populations of the invasive Ae. albopictus, and to decrease the public health risk of vector-borne diseases.
Enhanced CO2 removal and improved carbon budget by enhanced rock weathering: A field experiment in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yang Yilin , Kosaka Gen , Uchibayashi Hiroshi , Zhu Yan , Kuramochi Kanta , Shinano Takuro , Watanabe Toshihiro , Maruyama Hayato , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Nakao Atsushi , Toma Yo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Climate change affects food production, increasing the need for CO2 reduction strategies. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW), which involves the spreading of crushed silicate rock powder on agricultural soil to sequester atmospheric CO2 via enhanced natural weathering, shows potential to enrich the agricultural soil. In this study, we evaluated the short-term impacts of basalt powder on CO2 emissions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and estimated the field carbon budget in an experimental soybean field at Hokkaido University, Japan. Basalt powder application at 143 t ha− 1 significantly increased the soil pH and reduced the soil volumetric water content. ERW-induced CO2 removal rate was 0.81 ± 0.17 Mg C ha− 1, with approximately 86.4% observed in rhizosphere soil, suggesting that factors, such as the exudates produced by crop root growth, enhance basalt weathering and promote CO2 removal. Regardless of treatment, the carbon budget was negative, indicating the overall carbon loss in the field. However, basalt powder application reduced the carbon loss from 2.69 ± 0.41 to 1.90 ± 0.73 Mg C ha− 1, but the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that basalt powder application effectively mitigates soil carbon loss and maintains the farmland carbon balance. However, further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of ERW on soil carbon dynamics and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Eastern Himalayan syntaxis formation controlled by slab flattening and transient crustal channel flow
Authors: Agtmaal Luuk van , Balázs Attila , Willett Sean , May Dave , Gerya Taras 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Plate corners in collisional orogens are often characterised by sharply curving orogenic syntaxis zones, where plate tectonic mountain building processes and surface processes interact vigorously. The formation and evolution of these zones, which are particularly well expressed in the two margins of the Tibetan-Himalayan orogen, remain debatable and partly enigmatic. Here, based on high-resolution 3D thermomechanical-surface process numerical experiments, we propose a new unifying model for the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis formation that is predominantly driven by slab flattening and transient mid-lower crustal channel flow. Our models indicate that the northward migrating syntaxis forms when the middle to lower crust in the Eurasian plate are rheologically weak in the continental collision zone, e.g. weakened in a pre-existing proto-plateau. As soon as the syntaxis has formed, it becomes a barrier for the laterally expanding plateau. Therefore, the middle to lower crust extrudes from the plateau toward the East and South around the corner. This crustal flow occurs in a narrow channel and is enhanced by differential advance of the Indian indenter. Our models also suggest that both crustal outflow and syntaxis structure formation are controlled by intense flattening of the Indian slab, which is an overlooked process governing recent structural and topography evolution of the Himalayan orogen. The discovered links between syntaxis formation, crustal flow and slab flattening suggest that corners of collision zones may in fact determine and govern the evolution of the entire orogenic system.
Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Antidiabetic Bioactive Compounds from Cherry Stems (Prunus avium)
Authors: Bıçakcı Beyza Tutku , Ucarkus Candan , Akgedik Ayşenur , Oder Gizem , Bayraktar Oguz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Each year, millions of tonnes of food waste are generated globally, with the majority coming from the food industry. In addition to household food waste, the recovery and sustainable use of industrial food waste is of great importance. Fruit and vegetable waste, in particular, can contain valuable compounds with various biological activities. Prunus avium is a widely consumed fruit with numerous industrial applications worldwide. During production processes, cherry stalks and seeds are often discarded as waste or by-products. However, cherry stems are known to exhibit various biological activities, such as diuretic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective effects. The optimal extraction method was determined by statistical analysis of extracts obtained using solvents of different polarities, solid-liquid ratios, and extraction times. As a result of the extraction parameters optimized for antidiabetic inhibitory potential using response surface methodology, an IC50 value of 4.92 µg/ml was obtained with an extraction time of 4 hours, a solid-liquid ratio of 1/30, and 40% aqueous methanol. These results demonstrate the potential of cherry stems as a dietary supplement due to their high antioxidant capacity, as well as the possibility of evaluating their bioactive molecules as active functional ingredients in functional food applications.
Characterization of 3D oxygen concentrations in microfluidic systems combining astigmatic particle tracking with phosphorescence decay measurements
Authors: Werner Till , Schmidt Mareike , Etzold Bastian J.M. , Fritschen Anna , Blaeser Andreas , Hussong Jeanette 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this work, we combine astigmatic particle tracking with phosphorescence decay measurements to determine 3D oxygen concentration distributions in microfluidic systems. Out-of-plane position are reconstructed to 1.5 μm accuracy. The calibrated measurement range covers oxygen concentrations between 0.6 ppm to 27.6 ppm. A method is presented to systematically correct for measurement errors caused by photobleaching taking into account the excitation energy, the cumulative exposure time and the spatially varying intensity profile of the laser. With this method, low measurement errors of less than 2 ppm at ambient oxygen levels can be achieved even after thousands of excitation cycles.To demonstrate the capability of the measurement technique, 3D oxygen concentrations are measured in an agarose hydrogel filled microfluidic chamber across which different pressure and oxygen gradients can be set independently. The results show that oxygen diffusion is superposed by a convective transport of interstitial flow. By matching numerical simulations to the experimental data, further insights into the ratio of convective and diffusive transport are given and a methodology for estimating relevant material parameters is presented. This in situ measurement technique can be applied to improve the design process of supply networks for tissue models.
Urban Active Transportation Behaviour is Sensitive to the Fresh Start Effect: Triangulating observational evidence from real world data
Authors: McGavock Jonathan , Fast Isaak , Siobhan Shamsia , Klaprat Nika , George Tyler , Vik Nils , Prowse Dan , Collett Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to determine if active transportation (AT) was sensitive to the behavioural economics heuristic “The Fresh Start Effect”, with a temporal peak in traffic at the beginning of a work week, that declined by the end of the week.
Design and Methods: We triangulated data from five data sources to test the study hypothesis. First, we categorized 5 urban trails as “AT” or “leisure” based on hourly traffic patterns collected from May to September between 2014 to 2019 using electromagnetic counters (EcoCounter Inc, Montreal Qc.). Daily trends in cycling traffic were then compared with daily trends bicycle parking (n=56,307 counts), vehicular traffic (n=6.2M counts), fitness centre attendance (n=563,290 counts) and sales from a local coffee shop (n=166,753 counts).
Results: We found a significant ~22% decline in cycling traffic on both AT (-147 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -199.0 to -95 cyclists/day) and leisure trails (-22 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -59 to +15 cyclists/day) over the course of a work week. The relative decline in AT-based cycling traffic was similar to the decline in bicycle parking (~14%; -12 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -17 to -7 cyclists/day). The relative effect size of this trend was nearly identical to the weekly decline in fitness centre attendance (~21%; -592 visits/day; 95% CI: -759 visits/day to -425 visits/day), replicating the original Fresh Start Effect. In contrast, to the decline in AT-based cycling traffic, daily vehicular traffic (+2248 cars/day; 95% CI: 2022 to +3674 cars/day) and coffee sales (+31 units/day; 95% CI: +22 to +42 units/day) increased ~7% from the beginning to the end of a work week.
Conclusions: Weekly patterns of leisure and AT-based cycling are sensitive to the Fresh Start Effect and could be used to inform policies for increasing cycling rates in urban centres.
Food security and self-sufficiency as a factor of country’s sustainable development: assessment methods and solutions
Authors: Tleuberdinova Aizhan , Nurlanova Nailya , Alzhanova Farida , Salibekova Perizat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

A serious challenge of our time, threatening the whole of humanity, is the lack of food. The aggravation of this problem in many countries is caused by climate change, natural and man-made disasters, deterioration of the epidemiological and geopolitical situation. Therefore, food security is of great importance for achieving global Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of food security and self-sufficiency as a factor of the country’s sustainable development, develop an author's methodology and assess the level of food self-sufficiency in Kazakhstan, substantiate ways to improve it. Hypothesis: proof/refutation of the need to increase food self-sufficiency in order to achieve country’s sustainable development. Methods: the author's methodology for assessing food self-sufficiency by individual product groups. Information: a comparative analysis of existing methods, official statistical data, FAO data, a list of socially significant food products, physiological norms of food consumption in Kazakhstan. Results: calculations showed an increase in the level of Kazakhstan’s self-sufficiency for most types of socially significant food products in 2010-2022. However, there are big differences across the Kazakhstan’s regions. The level of self-sufficiency was very high in 5 regions, and in 2 western regions there was a very low level of self-sufficiency in most types of products, except meat. Conclusions: to improve food security and ensure sustainable development of Kazakhstan, it is recommended to strengthen the state’s regulatory role in the development of the agro-industrial complex, cooperation between agricultural producers and processing enterprises, the development of international food trade.
Effect of cornmeal and bagasse on vegetable wastes fermentation quality and ensiling process
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , xun Yangjian , Xiao Yang , Deng Yonghua , yu diqiu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ensiling is considered an effective technique for the decomposition of vegetable waste. Cornmeal and bagasse, which are agricultural residues could be preserved as additives to improve the quality of silage biomass. However, current understanding is limited regarding the fluctuations in nutritive and microbial compositions across different harvest dates. This study evaluated the fermentation attributes of two economically valuable additives, cornmeal and bagasse. The results indicated that crude protein (CP) and fiber content of bagasse silages were higher than those in the cornmeal silages. Conversely, cornmeal silage displayed higher water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content than bagasse silages. The ACE-index of cornmeal silages was higher than that of bagasse silages (P < 0.05). NMDS analysis indicated a notable distinction in microbial composition between bagasse and cornmeal silages (P < 0.05). Lefse analysis revealed that Lactibacillus was the predominant genus in cornmeal silages while Prevotella in bagasse silages. Network and random forest analyses revealed that Lactobacillus played a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of microbial composition during ensiling primarily influencing the breakdown of macromolecular substances. Additionally, it was observed that the microbial networks within bagasse silages exhibited greater stability. This study investigated the impact of cornmeal and bagasse additives on the quality of silage fermentation, highlighting that Lactibacillus as key-stone taxon in ensiling process. These finding offer a pathway for improving the efficiency of utilizing vegetable wastes, consequently enhancing their economic value.
Smoothness Level of Cotton Fabrics: Influence of Operating Parameters on Household Washing and Drying
Authors: Neto Sálvio Lima de Carvalho , Barros Jose Marcelo Honório Ferreira , Seman Laio Oriel , Forno Ana Julia Dal , de Aguiar Catia Rosana Lange , Saldias Daniel Alejandro Ponce , Valle Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto , Valle José Alexandre Borges 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study analyzed the wrinkling generated in cotton fabrics after household washing and drying processes. An Automated Smoothness Analysis System (ASAS) was developed to increase the reliability of wrinkle quantification. Software developed in MATLAB processed the captured images into the equipment using Canny edge detection. Image processing proved effective, pointing out the need for a large number of visual examiners to achieve an average smoothness level similar to the calculated level by software. A design of experiments 24 allowed the evaluation of the influence of different washing parameters on the wrinkling of fabrics after drying on a clothesline and in a condensation dryer. The relationship between moisture removal and smoothness level was also evaluated. The results showed that the washing load was the common factor that proved to be statistically significant for the wrinkling of the fabric after drying in a domestic dryer. Meanwhile, the number of rinses, type of centrifugation and washing load were influential parameters regarding the wrinkling of fabrics put to dry on a clothesline. Therefore, this work provided an overview of the main parameters and levels that can excessively wrinkle the studied materials after washing and drying at home.
Big Data-Driven Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing
Authors: dabral rakshit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Sentiment analysis, a crucial task in natural language processing (NLP), aims to extract and classify sentiments expressed in textual data. This research delves into the application of deep learning techniques, powered by Big Data, to enhance sentiment analysis accuracy. By leveraging a substantial Amazon review dataset, we train a simple feedforward neural network to classify sentiments as positive or negative. The model employs embedding layers to represent words as dense vectors, followed by a global average pooling layer to capture semantic information. A final dense layer with a sigmoid activation function predicts the sentiment probability. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning in capturing complex linguistic nuances and achieving high accuracy. With an accuracy of 88.47%, the model outperforms traditional methods, showcasing the potential of Big Data and deep learning in sentiment analysis. Future research directions include exploring more sophisticated architectures, addressing class imbalance issues, improving model interpretability, and incorporating domain-specific knowledge to further enhance sentiment analysis performance.
PIEZO2-dependent rapid pain system in humans.
Authors: Szczot Marcin , Bouchatta Otmane , Brodzki Marek , Manouze Houria , Carballo Gabriela , Yu Huasheng , Kindström Emma , de-Faria Felipe , Thorell Oumie , Kao Anika , Liljencrantz Jaquette , Karlsson Christoffer , Capitán Melisa Maidana , Ng Kevin , Frangos Eleni , Ragnemalm Bengt , Saade Dimah , Bharucha-Goebel Diana , Szczot Ilona , Moore Warren , Terejko Katarzyna , Cole Jonathan , Bönnemann Carsten , Gerling Gregory , Mahns David , Larsson Max , Luo Wenqin , Marshall Andrew , Chesler Alexander , Olausson Håkan , Nagi Saad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The diversity of mechanical pain sensations in humans cannot be explained based on our current understanding of pain-sensing neural classes in the skin. To begin to bridge this gap, we dissected the neural basis of a distinct form of pain sensation evoked by hair pulling in humans. Based on observations in a rare group of individuals with PIEZO2 deficiency syndrome, we demonstrated that hair-pull pain is dependent on PIEZO2 transduction. Single-unit axonal recordings revealed a specific class of cooling-responsive, rapidly conducting nociceptors are selectively tuned to painful hair-pull stimuli. We pharmacologically map these nociceptors to a specific transcriptomic class and demonstrate that myelinated nociceptors are anatomically associated with hair follicles. Using functional imaging in mice, we demonstrated that in a homologous nociceptor, Piezo2 is necessary for high-sensitivity, robust activation by hair-pull stimuli. Finally, studies in control participants show that noxious hair-pull stimuli trigger a distinct nocifensive response, including a rapid nociceptive reflex; further, observations in rare Aβ-deafferented individuals and nerve conduction block studies reveal that hair-pull pain perception is dependent on Aβ-fiber input. Together, we identify a previously unknown class of human nociceptors and characterize its functional and molecular features.
Molecular identification of isolated strains S. aureus (MRSA) in some dairy products
Authors: Abushaala MukhtarM.F , Ahmed Abbas , Amer Amr , Nazem Ashraf 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of S. aureus that developed resistance against certain antibiotics called beta-lactams like methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin (CDC, 2019b). CDC estimated 80,461 invasive MRSA infections and 11,285 related deaths occurred in the United States in 2011 (CDC, 2013). The existence of MRSA in dairy products Two hundred from different dairy products samples (Kareish cheese, Damietta cheese, plain yogurt, and ice cream) were collected randomly from supermarkets, small dairies and street-vendors at Alexandria City, Egypt. (50 of each) were examined for this purpose molecular detection of determinant genes of S. aureus (23S rRNA), MRSA (mecA), Quantitative detection Enterotoxins in examined samples. The result given revealed that 16% (4/25) of examined street-vendor and supermarket Kareish cheese is contained MRSA. All examined Damietta cheese samples were proved 4% (1/25) of examined Damietta cheese samples was contaminated by MRSA. All examined yoghurt samples were proved 4% (1/25) of examined yoghurt samples was contaminated by MRSA. The results of nucleotide sequencing S.aureus were accepted and received accession numbers from Gen Bank are (MW256756), (MW256757), (MW256758), (MW256759), (MW256760) and (MW256761).
Implementation of a Standardized Cloning and Propagation Protocol for Optimizing Cannabis sativa L. Cultivation
Authors: Filho Jose F. Da Cunha Leme , Schuchman Spencer , Creager Kaitlin E. , Saunders Gorman G. , Diatta Andre A. , Didaran Fardad , Boren Amy C. , Gage Karla L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The legalization and expanding applications of Cannabis sativa L. demand standardized cultivation practices to ensure consistency, quality, and compliance across the burgeoning cannabis industry, academia, and home growers. However, the historical legal status of cannabis has fragmented the knowledge base, leading to disparities in cultivation methodologies and outcomes. This manuscript introduces a pioneering standardized cloning and propagation protocol for Cannabis sativa L., developed through a comprehensive synthesis of current research, practical observation, and agronomic principles not documented specifically to cannabis yet. Aimed at addressing the gaps created by varied regulatory environments and the plant's diverse applications, this protocol presents a scientifically grounded, replicable, and validated methodology for cannabis cloning. It leverages horticultural techniques to optimize clone genetic fidelity and adaptability, enhancing the plant's research, medicinal and commercial utility. The protocol's development is informed by a review of the literature and controlled observations, ensuring its efficacy and reproducibility across different cultivars and growing conditions. By setting an initial standard for cannabis cloning practices, this work contributes significantly to the field's scientific advancement, offering a foundation for more consistent research outcomes and informed policymaking. Furthermore, it addresses the urgent need for methodological standardization in the face of cannabis's complex legal and application landscape, paving the way for a more efficient, responsible, and scientifically robust approach to cannabis cultivation.