bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and clinical outcomes in anti‐p200 pemphigoid: a systematic review
Authors: Laufer Britva R. , Amber K.T. , Cohen A.D. , Kridin K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent treatment paradigms in anti‐p200 pemphigoid rely on low levels of evidence, primarily originating from case reports and case series.ObjectiveTo systematically review the utilized treatment modalities for anti‐p200 pemphigoid and to synthesize the available clinical outcomes of treated patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature using Ovid‐Medline (1946–2018), Embase (1947–2018) and Web of Science (1900–2018) databases with a broad and inclusive search strategy along with a subsequent search of retrieved articles. All case reports and case series of patients with anti‐p200 pemphigoid were included.ResultsSixty‐eight eligible studies comprising 113 anti‐p200 pemphigoid patients with a mean age of 65.5 years were included in the qualitative synthesis. The clinical outcome of patients following treatment was reported for 91 (80.5%) patients, of whom 83 (91.2%) had achieved complete remission at least once. Complete remission on‐therapy was observed in 51 (56.0%) and complete remission off‐therapy in 12 (13.2%) patients. Thirty‐six (39.6%) patients had experienced at least one flare during the duration of follow‐up. A combination of systemic corticosteroids and adjuvant immunomodulatory agents was the leading therapeutic approach (63.0%) required for disease control. Systemic and topical corticosteroids as monotherapy were sufficient to control the disease in 19.6% and 13.0% of cases, respectively. Dapsone was the most commonly used (41.3%) adjuvant agent. The highest rates of complete remission were achieved in patients managed by systemic corticosteroids as monotherapy (100%) and in those managed by systemic corticosteroids with adjuvant agents (90.7%). Conversely, 45.5% of patients treated only by topical corticosteroids experienced at least one relapse during follow‐up.ConclusionThe vast majority of patients had reached a complete remission during the course of the disease, whereas a considerable proportion of patients experienced at least one relapse. A combination of systemic corticosteroids and adjuvant immunomodulatory agents was the most frequently utilized therapeutic approach.
Dwarfism in Troyer syndrome: a family with SPG20 compound heterozygous mutations and a literature review
Authors: Liang Hanting , Miao Hui , Yang Hongbo , Gong Fengying , Chen Shi , Wang Linjie , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTroyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by spastic paralysis, dysarthria, distal amyotrophy, and short stature. Recently, two siblings (an older brother and a younger sister) were admitted to our hospital for the chief complaints of “short stature and intellectual disability.” Through whole exome sequencing of the sister, who is the proband, it was found that her SPG20 gene had compound heterozygous mutations: c.364_365delAT (p.Met122Valfs*2) and c.892delA (p.Thr298Glnfs*30). Target testing revealed that the brother had the same genotype as the sister, and the former mutation originated from the father, while the latter mutation originated from the mother. In summary, this is the first report of Troyer syndrome in a family caused by SPG20 compound heterozygous mutations. A novel SPG20 mutation was found, namely c.892delA (p.Thr298Glnfs*30). In addition, we also summarize these Troyer syndrome patients’ heights and their clinical characteristics, and provide a brief review of all known pathogenic mutations of SPG20.
Patient related outcomes and improvements in quality of life following orthognathic surgery
Authors: Dong Q.N. , Yates J.M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this systematic review was to summarise the findings and to evaluate changes in patient quality of life (QOL) following orthognathic surgery.Materials and methodsOnline searches were undertaken to identify suitable studies. Prospective cohort or case‐control studies using questionnaires or similar assessment instruments to evaluate pre‐ and post‐orthognathic surgery QOL were included in the analysis. QOL was assessed in the following five domains: physical functioning and limitations, physical pain, psychological well‐being and self‐esteem, self‐perception with regards to aesthetics and social functioning and relationships.ResultsOf the 13 studies included in the analysis most noted significant improvements in all QOL domains. The domains in which the greatest improvements were noted post‐operatively were psychological well‐being and self‐esteem and self‐perception with regards to aesthetics. The results of the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) revealed that patients experienced no considerable changes in QOL after orthognathic surgery, while the other assessment instruments used demonstrated that patients experienced changes primarily in self‐perception within the aesthetics domain.ConclusionsThe results indicate that orthognathic surgery significantly improved QOL in the five domains detailed. In particular, surgery elicited the greatest improvements in QOL in the psychological well‐being and self‐esteem and self‐perception in the aesthetics domains.
Peculiar tooth renewal in a Jurassic ray‐finned fish (Lepisosteiformes, †Scheenstia sp.)
Authors: Leuzinger Léa , Cavin Lionel , López‐Arbarello Adriana , Billon‐Bruyat Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTooth replacement in vertebrates is extremely diverse, and its study in extinct taxa gives insights into the evolution of the different dental renewal modes. Based on μ‐CT scans of a left lower jaw of the extinct fish †Scheenstia (Actinopterygii, Lepisosteiformes), we describe in detail a peculiar tooth replacement mode that is, as far as we could ascertain from the literature, unique among vertebrates. The formation of the replacement teeth comprises a 180° rotation of their acrodin cap that occurs intraosseously within bony crypts, and their setting up appears to be synchronous. We propose a model for the dental renewal process and identify complementary anatomical features visible in the tomography such as the junction between the different tooth‐bearing bones (prearticular–coronoid and dentary), as well as cavities corresponding to intraosseous crypts, nervous and/or vascular canals. The location of the cavities and their subsequent identification (e.g. Meckel's cavity, mandibular sensory canal) help us to identify the function of pores visible on the bone surface and understand their relation to internal anatomical features. Finally, recognition of this tooth replacement mode raises the question of whether it is specific to †Scheenstia or related to a particular dentition type and thus potentially occurs in other lineages.
Cost‐utility of continuous‐flow ventricular assist devices as bridge to transplant in pediatrics
Authors: Evers Patrick D. , Villa Chet , Wittekind Samuel G. , Hobing Rebecca , Morales David L. S. , Lorts Angela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe initial costs of a CF‐VAD exceed those of a PF‐VAD. However, the safety profile of CF‐VAD is superior and the possibility of outpatient device support may justify the additional initial costs. This study analyzed the cost‐utility of CF‐VAD use in the pediatric population.MethodsA Markov‐state transition model was constructed for the clinical course of the two VAD subtypes from implantation until death with variables extracted from internal financial records and the published literature. The modeled population consisted of pediatric heart failure patients who met indications for VAD implant (INTERMACS profile 1 or 2) and were size‐eligible for either a PF‐VAD or CF‐VAD.ResultsThe cost‐utility analysis illustrated that CF‐VAD is both more effective and less costly compared to PF‐VAD at base‐case conditions. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that only in extreme conditions did a CF‐VAD strategy not meet criteria for cost‐effectiveness (if readmission rate >20% weekly, neurologic event rate >8% weekly, or CF‐VAD discharge rates <18% in a month) or VAD support duration shortens to ≤12 weeks.ConclusionWhile the implantation costs of a CF‐VAD exceed those of a PF‐VAD, after 12 weeks of device support CF‐VAD becomes the more cost‐effective strategy if the anticipated outpatient device care is sufficiently long. The cost efficacy of the CF‐VAD will be further heightened as initiatives that result in earlier and safer discharges, as well as reductions in readmission rates continue to be successful.
Developmental trajectory of the late positive potential: Using temporal‐spatial PCA to characterize within‐subject developmental changes in emotional processing
Authors: Mulligan Elizabeth M. , Infantolino Zachary P. , Klein Daniel N. , Hajcak Greg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe late positive potential (LPP) is characterized by temporal and spatial changes across development—though existing work has primarily relied on visual or statistical comparisons of relatively few electrodes and averaged activity over time. The current study used an empirically based approach to characterize temporal and spatial changes in ERPs over time. Data were utilized from a large longitudinal study (N = 380) in which the LPP was recorded to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures around age 9 and again around age 12. Age 9 ERPs were subtracted from age 12 ERPs for all three image types; the resulting ERPs for each subject at each electrode site were then submitted to a temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA). A PCA factor was greater in amplitude for emotional pictures compared to neutral pictures between ages 9 and 12, evident as an occipital negativity and frontocentral positivity that peaked approximately 850 ms following picture presentation. Furthermore, the factor scores to emotional pictures for this component increased as a function of age 12 pubertal development, consistent with the notion that the LPP shifts from occipital to more frontocentral sites in relation to developmental changes from childhood to adolescence. A similar factor was observed when PCA was applied to all ERPs from both ages 9 and 12. Using temporospatial PCA on ERPs collected from the same subjects over time—especially within‐subject subtraction‐based ERPs—provides a concise way of characterizing and quantifying within‐subject developmental changes in both the timing and scalp distribution of ERPs.
Anti‐p53 autoantibody in blood as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Shuxia , Tan Qiaoyun , Song Yuanyuan , Shi Yuankai , Han Xiaohong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSerum autoantibodies against tumour‐associated antigens are promising biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer. This review summarizes the available evidence pertaining to the diagnostic potential of autoantibodies studied in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase). Data pertaining to a total of 145 autoantibodies published in 80 articles were reviewed. Of these, anti‐p53 antibody was the most commonly studied autoantibody; thus, we performed a meta‐analysis on anti‐p53 antibody in 24 articles. According to the cut‐off values used to determine positivity for anti‐p53 antibody, we divided the included studies into five groups. Owing to the presence of threshold effect in groups 4 and 5 and non‐threshold effect in groups 1 and 2, pooled analysis focused on group 3 using a fixed‐effects model (Mantel‐Haenszel). Group 3, determining the cut‐off value based on the value of p53 antibody titre index, was comprised of five articles including 733 patients with CRC and 172 controls (126 healthy individuals and 46 benign diseases). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.21, 0.99, 12.26, 0.80, 15.46 and 0.87, respectively. Serum anti‐p53 autoantibody may potentially help distinguish CRC from healthy controls or benign diseases; however, it should be used in combination with other indicators due to the low sensitivity. Our study provides insights for further exploration of the optimal combination of different tumour‐associated antigens or autoantibodies for diagnosis of CRC.
Discovering the Unclassified Suicide Cases Among Undetermined Drug Overdose Deaths Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Liu Daphne , Yu Mia , Duncan Jeffrey , Fondario Anna , Kharrazi Hadi , Nestadt Paul S. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitor accidental and intentional deaths to answer questions that are critical for the development of effective prevention and resource allocation. CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a major innovation in surveillance linking individual‐level data from multiple sources. However, suicide underreporting is common, particularly from drug overdose deaths. This study sought to assess machine learning (ML) techniques in quantifying drug overdose suicide underreporting rates.MethodsClinical, sociodemographic, toxicological, and proximal stressor data on overdose decedents (n = 2,665) were extracted from Utah's NVDRS from 2012 to 2015. The existing well‐determined cases were used to train and test our ML models. We assessed and compared multiple machine learning methods including Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines, and Artificial Neural Networks. We applied a majority voting methodology to classify undetermined drug overdose deaths.ResultsOverdose suicide rates were estimated to be underreported by 33% across all years, increasing yearly from 29% in 2012 to 37% in 2015. The overall test accuracies for all models ranged from 92.3% to 94.6%.ConclusionsThis research identifies a cost‐effective, replicable, and expandable ML‐based methodology to estimate the true rates of suicide which may be partially masked during the opioid epidemic.
Non‐surgical blepharoplasty with the novel plasma radiofrequency ablation technology
Authors: Baroni Adone 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical blepharoplasty is one of the most common plastic surgical procedures performed worldwide. It is carried out for treating both aesthetic and functional indications. As with any surgical procedures, the technique is not free from complications. The growing request for non‐invasive, effective procedures, and safe technology for aesthetic treatments of eyelids has implied the research for novel treatment strategies marked by a good efficacy and less collateral effects when compared to surgical procedures. The choice fell on the relatively recent plasma skin regeneration technique.AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma radiofrequency ablation in non‐surgical blepharoplasty performed with DAS Medical device (Technolux), a tool working with long‐wave plasma radiofrequency principles.Patients/MethodsTen patients affected by aesthetically unpleasant dermatochalasis, excess of tissue and fine wrinkles of the eyelids, were enrolled for non‐surgical blepharoplasty with long‐wave plasma radiofrequency ablation device. The treatment consisted of two sessions carried out at interval of 30 days.ResultsTreatments were well tolerated by all patients with no adverse effects and optimal aesthetic results.ConclusionsThe technique consists of a modeling of the eyelids that must be sculpted reducing excess of skin, improving the appearance of eyelids, rejuvenating the eyes, and reducing eyelid heaviness. Long‐wave plasma radiofrequency ablation could be an effective treatment for non‐surgical blepharoplasty, and could offer an alternative choice to surgical procedures for aesthetic treatments of eyelids.
DeepTetrad: high‐throughput image analysis of meiotic tetrads by deep learning in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lim Eun‐Cheon , Kim Jaeil , Park Jihye , Kim Eun‐Jung , Kim Juhyun , Park Yeong Mi , Cho Hyun Seob , Byun Dohwan , Henderson Ian R. , Copenhaver Gregory P. , Hwang Ildoo , Choi Kyuha 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMeiotic crossovers facilitate chromosome segregation and create new combinations of alleles in gametes. Crossover frequency varies along chromosomes and crossover interference limits the coincidence of closely spaced crossovers. Crossovers can be measured by observing the inheritance of linked transgenes expressing different colors of fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis pollen tetrads. Here we establish DeepTetrad, a deep learning‐based image recognition package for pollen tetrad analysis that enables high‐throughput measurements of crossover frequency and interference in individual plants. DeepTetrad will accelerate the genetic dissection of mechanisms that control meiotic recombination.
A 3-R(SRS)RP Multi-Loop Mechanism for Space Manipulation: Design, Kinematics, Singularity, and Workspace
Authors: Li Chuanyang , Guo Hongwei , Tang Dewei , Yan Huiyin , Liu Rongqiang , Deng Zongquan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Space manipulation has great prospects in aerospace applications. In this work, a multiloop robot, namely 3-R(SRS)RP multiloop mechanism, is presented. Its design, kinematics, singularity, and workspace are studied. The novel design is mainly reflected in the robot’s structure, variable section, and novel compound hinge. Given these features, the forward-displacement undertaken with a closed-loop method leads to a complex mapping diagram. Only numerical solutions are obtained in this model due to the variable section parameter λ. This variable affects kinematic performances such as bending and folding properties. Moreover, the node differential kinematics and the Jacobian matrix are solved to analyze singular configurations of the mechanism. The workspace is then evaluated via a numerical method with varying λ. The bending and folding properties and the continuous workspace of the given robot vary while changing λ. Hence, the robot has great potentials of good performances in various applications. With this robot, a multimodule manipulator with a wide range of operations, increased mobility and rigidity, variable geometry, and adaptable shape based on mission requirements can be constructed.
Matrix-Based Operation Method for Detecting Structural Isomorphism of Planetary Gear Train Structures
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Sun Hanqiao , Liu Yanfang , Dong Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlanetary gear sets (PGSs) have been widely used in automatic transmissions (AT) and dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHTs). In this paper, a novel isomorphic detection method for planetary gear transmission structure is proposed based on matrix operation. The isomorphic detection process includes two main parts. In the first part, various components of the transmission structure are classified. In the second part, isomorphic structures of the numerous structures are detected. Through the application of the proposed detection approach, the structures obtained by different synthesis algorithms can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, by the analysis and transformation of the hybrid configuration to conventional transmission configuration, the scope of use of the algorithm can be expanded through the method. The proposed detection approach is capable of automatically detecting the isomorphic structure of the potential structures obtained by synthesis algorithm.
Exact Solutions to the Three-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Equations Using the Extended Beltrami Method
Authors: Dyck Nolan J. , Straatman Anthony G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In a 1966 publication, Chi-Yi Wang used the streamfunction in concert with the vorticity equations to develop a methodology for obtaining exact solutions to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, now known as the extended Beltrami method. In Wang's approach, the vorticity is represented by the sum of a linear function of the streamfunction and an assumed auxiliary function, such that the vorticity equation can be reduced to a quasi-linear partial differential equation, and exact solutions are obtainable for many choices of the auxiliary function. In the present work, a natural extension of Wang's formulation to three-dimensional flows in arbitrary orthogonal curvilinear coordinates has been derived, wherein two auxiliary functions are formed at the outset, with the caveat that the pressure and velocity components may vary in two spatial dimensions. As is the case with two-dimensional extended Beltrami flows, exact solutions are only obtainable when the forms of the auxiliary functions are “simple enough” to render the governing equations solvable. To demonstrate the solutions which may be obtained using the extended formulation, the well-known Kovasznay flow is generalized to a three-dimensional flow. A unique solution in plane polar coordinates is found. An extension to the solution to Burgers vortex has been derived and discussed in the context of existing literature. Finally, a new 3D swirling flow solution which is the angular analogue to Kovasznay flow has been developed.
Linkages between flow regime, biota, and ecosystem processes: Implications for river restoration
Authors: Palmer Margaret , Ruhi Albert 
Published: September 2019

River restoration guided by research
Human activities have altered the flow regimes of many of Earth's rivers, with negative impacts on biodiversity, water quality, and ecological processes. In a Review, Palmer and Ruhi explain how restoration designs now attempt to mimic ecologically important aspects of natural flow regimes, guided by insights into how variations in flow affect biota and ecosystem processes. To be successful, such efforts must go beyond accounting for flood pulses to restore natural flow variability and achieve hydrological connectivity between a river and its surroundings.

Science
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eaaw2087
Diagenetic to incipient metamorphic zones of the Benton Uplift, Ouachita Orogen, Arkansas, USA
Authors: Johnson Harold E. , Wiltschko David V. , Harris John P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVitrinite reflectance analysis and the mean diameter of metamorphosed quartz, suggest that the eastern Ouachita region, Arkansas, USA reached the lower greenschist facies, regardless of burial depth. An increase in “crystallinity” may explain that the maturation is from the exhumation of the rocks from a greater depth. Shale and sandstone samples collected from outcrops along the crest of the Benton Uplift exhibit illite and chlorite crystallinities that yield higher indices compared to younger rocks adjacent to this crustal-scale anticlinal structure. Illite crystallinity d(001) of air-dried, fine (&lt;0.2 μm) authigenic clays (Δ°2θ (CuKα) = 0.417° to 0.875°) yield a range of conditions from diagenetic temperature to lower anchizone temperatures up to ∼200 °C. Air-dried, fine authigenic chlorite clays (Δ°2θ (CuKα) = 0.259° to 1.570°) yield a wide range of diagenetic to metamorphic conditions that span the diagenetic zone through epizone, which indicate a maximum temperature slightly above ∼300 °C. These results are in contrast to prior thermal maturation data. No additional heat sources, such as from pluton emplacement, were identified by major areas of anomalous high maturation based on crystallinity. Regionally, the illite and chlorite crystallinity increases toward the central axis of the Benton Uplift. Exhumation of the rocks from greater depth is all that is required to explain the illite and chlorite crystallinity data.