bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of subclinical psychosis as a function of population density across different European settings: Findings from the multi‐national EU‐GEI study
Authors: D'Andrea Giuseppe , Quattrone Diego , Tripoli Giada , Spinazzola Edoardo , Gayer‐Anderson Charlotte , Jongsma Hannah E. , Sideli Lucia , Stilo Simona A. , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Tortelli Andrea , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Llorca Pierre‐Michel , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James B. , Jones Peter B. , Rutten Bart P. , Schürhoff Franck , Szöke Andrei , van Os Jim , Vassos Evangelos , Selten Jean‐Paul , Morgan Craig , Di Forti Marta , Tarricone Ilaria , Murray Robin M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundUrbanicity is a well‐established risk factor for psychosis. Our recent multi‐national study found an association between urbanicity and clinical psychosis in Northern Europe but not in Southern Europe. In this study, we hypothesized that the effect of current urbanicity on variation of schizotypy would be greater in North‐western Europe countries than in Southern Europe ones.MethodsWe recruited 1080 individuals representative of the populations aged 18–64 of 14 different sites within 5 countries, classified as either North‐western Europe (England, France, and The Netherlands) with Southern Europe (Spain and Italy). Our main outcome was schizotypy, assessed through the Structured Interview for Schizotypy‐Revised. Our main exposure was current urbanicity, operationalized as local population density. A priori confounders were age, sex, ethnic minority status, childhood maltreatment, and social capital. Schizotypy variation was assessed using multi‐level regression analysis. To test the differential effect of urbanicity between North‐western and Southern European, we added an interaction term between population density and region of recruitment.ResultsPopulation density was associated with schizotypy (β = 0.248,95%CI = 0.122–0.375;p < 0.001). The addition of the interaction term improved the model fit (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 6.85; p = 0.009). The effect of urbanicity on schizotypy was substantially stronger in North‐western Europe (β = 0.620,95%CI = 0.362–0.877;p < 0.001) compared with Southern Europe (β = 0.190,95%CI = 0.083–0.297;p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe association between urbanicity and both subclinical schizotypy and clinical psychosis, rather than being universal, is context‐specific. Considering that urbanization is a rapid and global process, further research is needed to disentangle the specific factors underlying this relationship.
Climate and host plant availability are favourable to the establishment of Lycorma delicatula in Europe
Authors: Chartois Marguerite , Fried Guillaume , Rossi Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lycorma delicatula, the spotted lanternfly, is a highly successful invasive phloem‐feeding planthopper native to southern China. It has invaded South Korea, Japan, and the United States, where it continues to expand geographically, but it remains absent from Europe. We investigated two key ecological factors influencing the risk of its establishment: climate suitability and the availability of compatible host plants.
We developed an ensemble species distribution model using three algorithms to assess the potential geographic range of L. delicatula under current and future climate conditions. We reviewed the literature to evaluate its host repertoire and identified host species present in Europe.
Current climate conditions are highly suitable for L. delicatula across much of Europe. Climate change is expected to only slightly alter climate suitability by 2060. Numerous known host plants are also widely distributed throughout Europe.
We conclude that neither climate conditions nor the availability of compatible host plants pose a barrier to the establishment of L. delicatula in Europe. Both current and future climate suitability, along with the list of potential host species, can provide valuable guidance for surveillance efforts and enhance the preparedness of phytosanitary authorities.
The influence of lifestyle and environmental factors on host resilience through a homeostatic skin microbiota: An EAACI Task Force Report
Authors: Kortekaas Krohn Inge , Callewaert Chris , Belasri Hafsa , De Pessemier Britta , Diez Lopez Celia , Mortz Charlotte G. , O'Mahony Liam , Pérez‐Gordo Marina , Sokolowska Milena , Unger Zsofia , Untersmayr Eva , Homey Bernhard , Gomez‐Casado Cristina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman skin is colonized with skin microbiota that includes commensal bacteria, fungi, arthropods, archaea and viruses. The composition of the microbiota varies at different anatomical locations according to changes in body temperature, pH, humidity/hydration or sebum content. A homeostatic skin microbiota is crucial to maintain epithelial barrier functions, to protect from invading pathogens and to interact with the immune system. Therefore, maintaining homeostasis holds promise to be an achievable goal for microbiome‐directed treatment strategies as well as a prophylactic strategy to prevent the development of skin diseases, as dysbiosis or disruption of homeostatic skin microbiota is associated with skin inflammation. A healthy skin microbiome is likely modulated by genetic as well as environmental and lifestyle factors. In this review, we aim to provide a complete overview of the lifestyle and environmental factors that can contribute to maintaining the skin microbiome healthy. Awareness of these factors could be the basis for a prophylactic strategy to prevent the development of skin diseases or to be used as a therapeutic approach.
Exploring the association between sleep problems and loneliness in adolescents: Potential mediating effects of rumination and resilience
Authors: Shen Ting , Wan Lisha , Lin Shuting , Liu Yuxiao , Zhang Hanshu , Niu Gengfeng , Hao Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSleep problems positively predict loneliness to a large extent, which would harm adolescent health. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. This research investigates the potential mediating roles of rumination and resilience in the relation among adolescents and further examines the changing relationships. In Study 1, 1056 adolescents from two schools completed self‐reported measures of sleep problems, loneliness, rumination, and resilience. We found that sleep problems were positively associated with loneliness, and that rumination and resilience mediated this relationship, both individually and sequentially. To examine the varying relationship between rumination, resilience, and loneliness, Study 2 adopted the cross‐lagged design in a long‐term longitudinal study of 131 students and found that rumination and resilience at T1 significantly predict loneliness at T2. To further directly explore the changing relationship between sleep problems and loneliness, we performed a short‐term longitudinal study across 7 weeks of 242 adolescents in Study 3. The results replicated the findings of Study 2 and found sleep problems at T1 positively predicted loneliness at T2. These results underscore the significance of sleep problems in contributing to loneliness through mediating mechanisms and unveil the possible causal relationships, offering robust insights to alleviate adolescent loneliness.
Do Rearing Group‐Size and Social Rank Influence the Affective State of a Cooperatively‐Breeding Cichlid Fish?
Authors: Langérôme Léa , La Loggia Océane , Voser Bettina , Taborsky Barbara 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe affective state of animals, that is, their mood and emotions, is altered by stressful (negative) or enriching (positive) experiences. In turn, the affective state influences decision making, thereby helping animals when coping with environmental challenges and opportunities. However, it is largely unknown how social experiences modulate the affective state. Here, we performed a judgement bias test to study the effects of rearing group‐size and experimentally assigned current rank on the affective state of the cooperatively‐breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher. To assess affective state, we developed and validated a judgement bias test for this species. Fish learned to discriminate between a positive and a negative stimulus as shown by different latencies to approach the stimulus. Furthermore, the response curves to the stimuli conformed to the ones expected in judgement bias tests: fish showed an intermediate latency to approach an ambiguous stimulus, which significantly differed from the latencies to approach the positive and the negative stimulus. Unexpectedly, there were no significant effects of rearing group size and current social rank on the affective state of N. pulcher, despite known effects of these two social parameters on behaviours and physiology of this species. This may mean that observed behavioural and physiological differences in the treatment environments do not allow valid predictions about the affective state elicited by these environments. Alternatively, it may need more socioecologically relevant testing paradigms when evaluating the valence of social environments.
On the Line and Online: Higher Non‐Response to Web‐Based Surveys Over‐Represents Avid Recreational Fishers Compared With Telephone Surveys
Authors: Ryan Karina L. , Taylor Stephen M. , Lyle Jeremy M. , Stark Kate E. , Tracey Sean R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRecreational fishing surveys have an important role in providing data to inform fisheries management. The selection of a contact method is an important and often challenging consideration that influences the potential for non‐sampling errors that can result in unrepresentative data and biased estimates. Telephones are used for many off‐site recreational fishing surveys, but widespread use of digital technology suggests that online surveys could be a viable alternative. We compared phone surveys with alternative online surveys using probability sampling from a licence database. Response rates were lower for online surveys (13%–26%) than phone surveys (97%–98%). The proportion of respondents who reported marine fishing in the previous 12 months did not differ between survey methods (98% for both survey modes), but the proportion of avid fishers was higher for online surveys (41%–54%) than phone surveys (37%–40%). These differences reflect higher respondent burden for online surveys where data are self‐administered and respondents are more likely to opt‐out. Higher non‐response and over‐representation of avid fishers from online surveys may compromise data reliability. We recommend comparative studies to quantify and correct for biases when evaluating alternative survey modes for new or ongoing surveys.
Moderate Drought Constrains Crop Growth Without Altering Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Perennial Cup‐Plant and Silage Maize
Authors: Abdalla Khatab , Uther Hannah , Kurbel Valentin B. , Wild Andreas J. , Lauerer Marianne , Pausch Johanna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSilage maize (Zea mays L.) intensification to maximise biomass production increases greenhouse gas emissions, accelerates climate change and intensifies the search for alternative bioenergy crops with high carbon (C) sequestration capacity. The perennial cup‐plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) not only serves as a viable bioenergy source but may also be a promising soil C conservator. However, the dynamics of soil organic C (SOC) under the C3 cup‐plant, exposed to moderate drought conditions, that reduces growth rate without causing crop failure, compared with the drought‐tolerant C4 maize, remains unexplored. Here, we investigated in a lysimeter experiment the effects of moderate drought stress on crop growth and soil CO2 efflux under cup‐plant and silage maize compared with well‐watered conditions. Soil CO2 efflux along with root and shoot biomass, soil moisture and temperature as well as SOC and nitrogen (N) were measured over three consecutive years. Irrespective of the watering regime, cup‐plant induced a greater soil CO2 efflux (16% and 23% for 2020 and 2021, respectively), which was associated with higher root and shoot biomass compared with silage maize suggesting a substantial contribution of the roots to total soil CO2 efflux. In addition, soil CO2 efflux correlated negatively with soil dissolved N and positively with microbial C:N imbalance suggesting that low soil N availability influences soil CO2 efflux through processes related to N‐limitation such as N‐mining. Strikingly, moderate drought had no effect on soil CO2 efflux and C content and microbial biomass C, but increased dissolved organic C and microbial biomass N in both crops suggesting a complex interplay between C availability, N‐limitation and microbial adaptation under these conditions. Although cup‐plant increased soil CO2 efflux, the observed higher root and shoot biomass even under moderate drought conditions suggests a similar soil C management as silage maize; however, this still requires longer‐term investigation.
Lived Experience and Family Engagement in Mental Health and Substance use Health Research: Case Profiles of Five Studies
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Quilty Lena , Agic Branka , Courtney Darren B. , Liddell Gray , Sibille Etienne , Jennings Sheila , Orson Joshua , Harris Holly , McKee Shelby , Sullivan Cara , Soklaridis Sophie , Rajji Tarek K. , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeople with lived and living experience (PWLLE) and family members (F) can engage in mental health and substance use health research beyond participant roles, as advisors, co‐researchers, equal partners and research leads. However, implementing meaningful and effective engagement is complex.MethodsThis article profiles five research initiatives involving different lived experience engagement structures, situated in a single tertiary care teaching and research hospital.ResultsThe profiled projects feature various study designs and stages, ranging from initial priority setting to implementation efforts. The levels of engagement range from consultation to PWLLE/F leadership. Across diverse populations, all embody high‐quality engagement and illustrate that PWLLE/F can have an important impact on a wide range of mental health and substance use health research.ConclusionsEngagement can be implemented flexibly within a single research institution to meet a wide range of needs and preferences of researchers and PWLLE/F.Patient and Public ContributionEach of the research initiatives profiled was conducted with substantial lived experience engagement, as described herein. People with lived and living experience from each research initiative are also included in the authorship team and contributed to this manuscript.
Erythematous indurated plaques on the palate in a middle‐aged adult
Authors: Ahuja Rhea , Pragya Purn , Yadav Priya , Kaur Kavneet , Gupta Somesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 45‐year‐old male presented with a 2‐year history of erythematous indurated plaques on the right palate and adjacent palatobuccal mucosa, accompanied by dull pain and loosening of the third molar, necessitating extraction. Radiological imaging revealed soft tissue density with cortical bony erosions in the bilateral upper alveolar ridge. A single sub‐centimetric right cervical lymph node was palpable. Biopsy showed an upper dermal infiltrate composed of cells with nuclear grooving and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Through this case, we highlight a rare manifestation of a systemic disease.
What is the spectrum of kidney pathology associated with COVID‐19?
Authors: Muthya Ankita , Ekinci Elif I. , Lecamwasam Ashani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKidney involvement occurs in almost one third of patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and is associated with increased disease severity. This review aims to outline the spectrum of kidney pathology involved in COVID‐19. Literature was reviewed systematically on the databases Medline OVID and Scopus in search of case reports, case series, cohort studies and autopsy studies of patients with COVID‐19 who underwent kidney biopsies. Studies were published between August 2020 and November 2021. Fourteen studies consisting of 159 patients were included in this review. Acute tubular necrosis is the most common pathology followed by collapsing glomerulopathy, occurring in 40.1% and 28.9% of patients respectively. Of the 46 patients with collapsing glomerulopathy, 44 were of African descent with high‐risk apolipoprotein L1 genotypes. Less common glomerular diseases include membranous nephropathy, secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurring in 5%, 4.4%, 3.1% and 2.5% of patients respectively. Glomerulonephritis occurred in a minority of patients. Direct viral infection has not been found as a definitive aetiology. Acute kidney injury occurs frequently in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underpinning acute kidney injury are multifactorial. Acute tubular necrosis is the most common. Collapsing glomerulopathy is the most common glomerular injury and is strongly linked to apolipoprotein L1 genotypes. Improved understanding of COVID‐19‐related kidney pathologies can guide treatment to improve patient outcomes and reduce progression of chronic kidney disease. The longitudinal impact of COVID‐19‐related kidney disease requires further research.
Geriatric education for pharmacy students: A scoping review
Authors: Papillon‐Ferland Louise , Ben Abdelkader Lilia , Maurice Noémie , Choinière Andréa , Awwad Yara , Aredjian Razmig , Huon Jean‐François , Sadowski Cheryl A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive medication management for older adults requires specific knowledge and skills. Therefore, pharmacy curricula should include appropriate strategies to prepare students for care of this population. This scoping review aimed to identify how geriatric concepts, such as geriatric topics and competencies, are included in pharmacy curricula, and to map current literature on preferred teaching and assessment methods related to geriatric pharmacy education.MethodsFour databases were searched to identify papers involving pharmacy learners, education, and geriatrics. Selection process was a two‐step approach, involving independent title/abstract screening by two reviewers, then full‐text retrieval for eligibility assessment. All types of articles were considered except opinion papers. Data extraction included details on methodology, participants, setting, educational activity, teaching method, and outcomes assessed.ResultsA total of 2537 articles were identified from which 189 met the inclusion criteria: 221 documents after citation and gray literature searching. Articles were grouped for analysis as education‐related intervention articles (studies, n = 100 or descriptive articles/case reports, n = 49), studies not including an education‐related intervention (n = 49), and others (e.g., reviews, position papers/statements, n = 23). Various teaching methods were reported including experiential, didactic, interprofessional, or simulation. Most articles reported positive outcomes on skills, knowledge, or attitudes, but few articles used a validated assessment tool. Curricula and student's surveys were consistent with suboptimal geriatric education, with few programs offering mandatory dedicated geriatric courses or rotations.ConclusionsGaps remain regarding geriatric inclusion in pharmacy curricula despite decades of evidence, advocacy, and frameworks to guide its development. A wide diversity of teaching methods has been described and their combination may be considered for skills and competency development. There is a need for the scholarship of teaching and learning to be applied to pharmacy programs in order to prepare future pharmacists for an aging society.
Patterns of referral to interprofessional services among frail older adults presenting to emergency departments in Canada
Authors: Nova Amanda A. , Heckman George A. , Gill‐Chawla Navjot , Miles Amy , Costa Andrew P. , Sinha Samir K. , Jantzi Micaela , Hirdes John P. , Hébert Paul C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeriatric Emergency Department (ED) Guidelines recommend optimizing transitions of care for older patients with complex needs. In this study, we investigated referral patterns to interprofessional services, including occupational therapy, physiotherapy, dietician, social work, home care, and specialized geriatric services, among older adults presenting to the ED with high‐risk characteristics.MethodsWe recruited community‐dwelling older adults presenting to 10 EDs across Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland, Canada, from April 2017 to July 2018. To observe processes of care in the ED, we deployed a two‐stage high‐risk case‐finding and focused comprehensive assessment process based on the interRAI ED‐Screener and ED Contact Assessment to identify and characterize older adults at high risk. We analyzed the secondary data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsWe screened 5265 individuals with the ED Screener, further assessed 1479 with the ED Contact Assessment, and analyzed data from a subset of 1055 community‐dwelling older adults assessed with the ED Contact Assessment. Participants in our study sample had a mean age of 83 years, 58% were female, and many had a complex burden of cognitive and functional impairment and social needs. Over half of this high‐needs sample were referred to general home care services (62.7%), occupational therapy (59.3%), and physiotherapy services (55.2%), while 16% were referred to specialized geriatric services. We also found a significant positive association between interprofessional referrals and the Assessment Urgency Algorithm and Institutional Risk Scale. The most important determinants of referral to interprofessional services were hospital province, functional, clinical, and social burden and support measures.ConclusionsThe referral patterns identified suggest that patient needs and risk intensity did not always guide referral patterns in the Canadian EDs investigated. We suggest that EDs critically examine the appropriateness of their documentation and referral systems for supporting person‐centered care provision.
Pollution Permits and Financing Costs
Authors: ANTONIOU FABIO , DELIS MANTHOS D. , ONGENA STEVEN , TSOUMAS CHRIS 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffective environmental policy should consider how the financiers of polluting firms behave. We study phase III of the EU Emission Trading System. Loan spreads for cap‐and‐trade participants are a function of compliance costs, permit market features, and firms’ strategic actions. In contrast with the program intentions, we find that loan spreads fall by approximately 25%. We show that this decrease is almost entirely driven by low permit prices, the firms’ proactiveness to store permits, and imperfect foresight of market conditions in phase III. The drop in spreads cannot be explained by the decline in energy prices and/or other confounding factors.