bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can socioeconomic health differences be explained by physical activity at work and during leisure time? Rationale and protocol of the active worker individual participant meta-analysis
Authors: Coenen Pieter , Huysmans Maaike A , Holtermann Andreas , Troiano Richard , Mork Paul Jarle , Krokstad Steinar , Clays Els , van Mechelen Willem , van der Beek Allard J 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionSocioeconomic health differences have often been described, but remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence suggests that workers who are high (compared with low) physically active at work are less healthy. Moreover, workers who are highly physically active at work are predominantly physically inactive during leisure time. These observations suggest that workers with a lower socioeconomic status may be exposed to negative health consequences of occupational physical activity and may only benefit to a limited extent from health benefits of leisure-time physical activity. Physical activity may therefore be an important driver of socioeconomic health differences. We describe the rationale and protocol of the active worker study, an individual participant data meta-analysis aimed at exploring socioeconomic health differences by differential doses of physical activity at work and leisure time.Methods and analysisUsing database and scoping searches (we searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from database inception to 14 September 2017), we have identified 49 published and unpublished prospective studies in which the association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality was assessed. Principal investigators of these studies will be invited to participate in the active worker consortium, after which data will be retrieved. After data merging and harmonising, we will perform multilevel survival analysis assessing the combined association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with mortality. We will also test the mediating effect of physical activity on the association of socioeconomic status and mortality (ie, socioeconomic health differences).DiscussionThe Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center has declared, according to Dutch legislation, that the ‘Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act’ does not apply to the current study. As such, no ethics approval is required. We intent to publish outcomes of the active worker Study in scientific peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018085228.
An 11-year-old with mallet finger
Authors: Walsh Catherine , Sills Matthew , Markey Gerard 
Published: October 2018

An 11-year-old girl presented with pain and deformity in her right little finger distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). She was active in several sports including hurling and had a history of dyspraxia with frequent minor soft tissue injuries which had not required hospital assessment. Her mother was concerned about the possibility of a recent injury.Examination showed flexion deformity of the right fifth finger with complete loss of extension at the DIPJ. There was mild swelling and tenderness of the DIPJ with no bruising, erythema or warmth. An X-ray was performed (figure 1).Figure 1An teroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the right little finger.QuestionWhat is the diagnosis?Salter-Harris type 1 fracture of distal phalanxDystelephalangyExtensor digiti minimi tendon injuryClinodactyly
An energy-based interaction model for population opinion dynamics with topic coupling
Authors: Noorazar Hossein , Sottile Matthew J. , Vixie Kevin R. 
Published: October 2018

We introduce a new, and quite general variational model for opinion dynamics based on pairwise interaction potentials and a range of opinion evolution protocols ranging from random interactions to global synchronous flows in the opinion state space. The model supports the concept of topic “coupling”, allowing opinions held by individuals to be changed via indirect interaction with others on different subjects. Interaction topology is governed by a graph that determines interactions. Our model, which is really a family of variational models, has, as special cases, many of the previously established models for the opinion dynamics. After introducing the model, we study the dynamics of the special case in which the potential is either a tent function or a constructed bell-like curve. We find that even in these relatively simple potential function examples there emerges interesting behavior. We also present results of preliminary numerical explorations of the behavior of the model to motivate questions that can be explored analytically.
Reproducible Web Corpora
Authors: Kiesel Johannes , Kneist Florian , Alshomary Milad , Stein Benno , Hagen Matthias , Potthast Martin 
Published: October 2018

The evolution of web pages from static HTML pages toward dynamic pieces of software has rendered archiving them increasingly difficult. Nevertheless, an accurate,
reproducible
web archive is a necessity to ensure the reproducibility of web-based research. Archiving web pages reproducibly, however, is currently not part of best practices for web corpus construction. As a result, and despite the ongoing efforts of other stakeholders to archive the web, tools for the construction of reproducible web corpora are insufficient or ill-fitted. This article presents a new tool tailored to this purpose. It relies on emulating user interactions with a web page while recording all network traffic. The customizable user interactions can be replayed on demand, while requests sent by the archived page are served with the recorded responses. The tool facilitates reproducible user studies, user simulations, and evaluations of algorithms that rely on extracting data from web pages. To evaluate our tool, we conduct the first systematic assessment of reproduction quality for rendered web pages. Using our tool, we create a corpus of 10,000 web pages carefully sampled from the Common Crawl and manually annotated with regard to reproduction quality via crowdsourcing. Based on this data, we test three approaches to automatic reproduction-quality assessment. An off-the-shelf neural network, trained on visual differences between the web page during archiving and reproduction, matches the manual assessments best. This automatic assessment of reproduction quality allows for immediate bugfixing during archiving and continuous development of our tool as the web continues to evolve.
Aurora A Kinase Inhibition Is Synthetic Lethal with Loss of the RB1 Tumor Suppressor Gene
Authors: Gong Xueqian , Du Jian , Parsons Stephen H. , Merzoug Farhana F. , Webster Yue , Iversen Philip W. , Chio Li-Chun , Van Horn Robert D. , Lin Xi , Blosser Wayne , Han Bomie , Jin Shaoling , Yao Sufang , Bian Huimin , Ficklin Chris , Fan Li , Kapoor Avnish , Antonysamy Stephen , Mc Nulty Ann M. , Froning Karen , Manglicmot Danalyn , Pustilnik Anna , Weichert Kenneth , Wasserman Stephen R. , Dowless Michele , Marugán Carlos , Baquero Carmen , Lallena María José , Eastman Scott W. , Hui Yu-Hua , Dieter Matthew Z. , Doman Thompson , Chu Shaoyou , Qian Hui-Rong , Ye Xiang S. , Barda David A. , Plowman Gregory D. , Reinhard Christoph , Campbell Robert M. , Henry James R. , Buchanan Sean G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Loss-of-function mutations in the retinoblastoma gene RB1 are common in several treatment-refractory cancers such as small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. To identify drugs synthetic lethal with RB1 mutation (RB1mut), we tested 36 cell-cycle inhibitors using a cancer cell panel profiling approach optimized to discern cytotoxic from cytostatic effects. Inhibitors of the Aurora kinases AURKA and AURKB showed the strongest RB1 association in this assay. LY3295668, an AURKA inhibitor with over 1,000-fold selectivity versus AURKB, is distinguished by minimal toxicity to bone marrow cells at concentrations active against RB1mut cancer cells and leads to durable regression of RB1mut tumor xenografts at exposures that are well tolerated in rodents. Genetic suppression screens identified enforcers of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) as essential for LY3295668 cytotoxicity in RB1-deficient cancers and suggest a model in which a primed SAC creates a unique dependency on AURKA for mitotic exit and survival.

Significance:
The identification of a synthetic lethal interaction between RB1 and AURKA inhibition, and the discovery of a drug that can be dosed continuously to achieve uninterrupted inhibition of AURKA kinase activity without myelosuppression, suggest a new approach for the treatment of RB1-deficient malignancies, including patients progressing on CDK4/6 inhibitors.
See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151
A Persian Origin of the Arabic Aristotle? The Debate on the Circumstantial Evidence of the Manteq Revisited
Authors: Hermans Erik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe oldest Arabic translation of any Greek text is an eighth-century paraphrase of the first half of Aristotle’sOrganon, known as theManteq. This text has been ascribed to Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ, the Persian administrator, author, and translator. Although the source text of theManteqhas not survived, the ascription to Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ—who knew neither Greek nor Syriac—implies that it was written in Middle Persian. Modern scholars have often called the ascription to Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ into question. This article reassesses that debate and demonstrates that it has been motivated by scholarly skepticism towards the late antique Persian intellectual tradition as a conduit of Aristotelianism. Furthermore, this article argues that none of the available circumstantial evidence contradicts an Aristotelian tradition in Persian, but rather supports it.
Ferdynand Goetel’s Iranian Experience: A Non-Colonial European Account of Mashhad
Authors: Rodziewicz Magdalena 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ferdynand Goetel was a prisoner-of-war and a Polish refugee from Soviet Russia who, in 1920, spent a few months in Mashhad. The current study is an attempt to present Goetel’s unique view of the city and its inhabitants. Khorasan, at the beginning of the twentieth century, was frequently visited by foreigners who left numerous accounts of both the province and its capital Mashhad. Most of them were written by British and Russian citizens; representitive of the great powers striving to dominate the region through an extensive infrastructure of consulates, military posts, and commercial networks across the country. Goetel made his way to Iran after escaping six years of exile in Russian Turkestan, and he perceived his time in Iran as a liberation from captivity. During the few months he was forced to spend in Mashhad, waiting for evacuation, he explored the city and became acquainted with its inhabitants. His memoirs are not only a testimony of life in Iran at the beginning of the century, written from neither a colonial nor semi-colonial perspective, but also a source of information on the turbulent times of the late-Qajar decline.
Civil Society and the Rise of Unconventional Modes of Youth Participation in the MENA
Authors: Sika Nadine 
Published: October 2018

Why are there variances in young people’s civic and political participation in the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings, and what are the implications of these types of participatory modes on authoritarian rule in the region? Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork from five countries in the Middle East – Egypt, Palestine, Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon – this paper demonstrates that young people in the region are increasingly drawn to independent and unconventional forms of participation to varying degrees, depending on each country’s authoritarian structure and institutional arrangements. Though the rise of unconventional participation is a manifestation of the presence of a vibrant Arab street, these participatory modes lead to civil society’s weakness and fragmentation. This adds to the volatility of new civic and political actors and provides the regimes with more authoritarian strategies for resilience.
The Legacy of Authoritarian Strategies: Repression and Polarization in the Palestinian Territories
Authors: El Kurd Dana S. 
Published: October 2018

What is the effect of authoritarianism on polarization within society, and how does such polarization affect collective action? This paper specifically addresses whether varying types of authoritarian strategies have an effect on the level of polarization in society, and the subsequent ability of different segments of society to coordinate. I argue that authoritarianism generates rising polarization, which in turn inhibits cooperation between groups. Specifically, the type of authoritarian strategy matters; exclusionary strategies such as repression generate higher levels of grievance and insularity, making it more difficult for groups to coordinate, than inclusionary strategies such as cooptation. To assess this dynamic, I examine a specific case of authoritarianism and polarization: the case of the Palestinian territories. Using this case, I present a two-stage theory, arguing: (1) that particular forms of authoritarianism generate polarization, and (2) that polarization subsequently affects social cohesion, and capacity for collective action. Results confirm the theory that authoritarianism, in particular forms, exacerbates polarization within society. This polarization in turn affects the ability and willingness of different segments to coordinate on a common task. In particular, exclusionary strategies such as repression generate greater levels of polarization than inclusionary strategies such as cooptation. Moreover, the qualitative evidence shows that Islamists in the West Bank, the most repressed group, are much more insular and less willing to cooperate with others. These results shed light on mechanisms of authoritarian control, and provide pathways for future research on how regimes maintain power by neutralizing opposition increasingly over time. On a substantive level, these results also explain why the Palestinian community specifically, and Arab societies more generally, suffer from increasing polarization and a decreasing capacity for collective action.
A modeling-based narrative intervention to promote timely care-seeking in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A pilot randomized controlled trial and feasibility analysis
Authors: Li Polly WC , Yu Doris SF 
Published: October 2018

Background: Prolonged delay in seeking medical attention for acute myocardial infarction persists as a global phenomenon, which limits effective disease management. The effects of previous mass-media campaigns and psycho-educations have been minimal. Aims: This study aimed to develop a modeling-based narrative intervention, and to examine its feasibility and preliminary effects on care-seeking behavioral intention in Chinese acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods: The modeling-based narrative intervention was developed by integrating updated research evidence and participants’ perspectives. Ten patients were invited to co-design the intervention. The narrative approach was adopted to engage patients in a mental rehearsal of the decision-making process through a virtual acute myocardial infarction attack experience. A pilot randomized controlled trial was adopted to examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of this intervention. Results: A total of 67 participants were randomly allocated to receive either the modeling-based narrative intervention ( n=34) or didactic education ( n=33). The intervention was feasible and well-accepted by the participants as evidenced by high attendance and participant satisfaction. They considered the intervention as informative and interesting. The majority of the participants in the intervention group expressed that they enjoyed the intervention. Although the preliminary data showed non-significant between-group differences, a more prominent improving trend for acute myocardial infarction knowledge, care-seeking attitudes and beliefs in the intervention group were evident. Conclusions: This study is the first of its kind to adopt a novel narrative approach to optimize care-seeking behaviors among patients with acute myocardial infarction. The preliminary findings showed that this approach was highly feasible and accepted by patients.
Clostridium difficile infection perceptions and practices: a multicenter qualitative study in South Africa
Authors: Legenza Laurel , Barnett Susanne , Rose Warren , Safdar Nasia , Emmerling Theresa , Peh Keng Hee , Coetzee Renier 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is understudied in limited resource settings. In addition, provider awareness of CDI as a prevalent threat is unknown. An assessment of current facilitators and barriers to CDI identification, management, and prevention is needed in limited resource settings to design and evaluate quality improvement strategies to effectively minimize the risk of CDI.

Methods
Our study aimed to identify CDI perceptions and practices among healthcare providers in South African secondary hospitals to identify facilitators and barriers to providing quality CDI care. Qualitative interviews (11 physicians, 11 nurses, 4 pharmacists,) and two focus groups (7 nurses, 3 pharmacists) were conducted at three district level hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole. Semi-structured interviews elicited provider perceived facilitators, barriers, and opportunities to improve clinical workflow from patient presentation through CDI (1) Identification, (2) Diagnosis, (3) Treatment, and (4) Prevention. In addition, a summary provider CDI knowledge score was calculated for each interviewee for seven components of CDI and management.

Results
Major barriers identified were knowledge gaps in characteristics of C. difficile identification, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The median overall CDI knowledge score (scale 0–7) from individual interviews was 3 [interquartile range 0.25, 4.75]. Delays in C. difficile testing workflow were identified. Participants perceived supplies for CDI management and prevention were usually available; however, hand hygiene and use of contact precautions was inconsistent.

Conclusions
Our analysis provides a detailed description of the facilitators and barriers to CDI workflow and can be utilized to design quality improvement interventions among limited resource settings.
Do prepaid water meters improve the quality of water service delivery? The case of Nakuru, Kenya
Authors: Hanjahanja Robert , Omuto Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConventional water metering has a tendency of being unreliable, inaccurate, and a source of dispute and disquiet among customers, and hence it is considered to be one primary reason why water service providers perform poorly and have very low revenue collection figures. The result of this poor performance spirals into poor management, ineffective maintenance, inaccurate billing and high non-revenue water. This study explored what a prepaid metering project in Nakuru, Kenya achieved, and to see whether or not prepayment can be considered to be an innovative way of addressing these concerns, especially how to provide better service, when providing water to the urban poor. In addition, the study investigated micro financing as tools for supporting efforts by water service providers serving the poor and whether they are an effective way of financing projects. Communal prepaid meters were installed in an existing conventional network and data on commonly used performance evaluation parameters collected through interviews, field visits, and existing literature. The results portrayed prepaid metering with positive improvements to the conventional metering. It was found that there is an opportunity in microfinance for win-win partnerships among financial institutions, water service providers and low-income customers to help them in increasing access to water services. Communal prepaid meters are now bankable and viable options for serving urban poor communities.
Physical-based rainfall-triggered shallow landslide forecasting
Authors: Hsu Yung-Chia , Chang Yin-Lung , Chang Che-Hao , Yang Jinn-Chuang , Tung Yeou-Koung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrates the applications of two physical-based early warning methods for rainfall-induced shallow landslide and compare their relative performance. One method is rainfall threshold-based method and the other method is by real-time simulation. The former establishes landslide threshold in advance using 50 historical rainfall events, in conjunction with physical-based rainfall-triggered shallow landslide model, to evaluate the stability of a concerned slope. Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for nowcast is used in the rainfall threshold-based method for landslide predictions. The latter method also applies rainfall-triggered landslide model in real-time simulation by feeding QPE and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) of specified lead-time. Both methods are integrated into an early warning system (e.g. Delft-FEWS) for real-time nowcast and/or forecast purposes. The two shallow landslide early warning methods are applied to a slope in the vicinity of a highway section in Taiwan. Comparisons between the two methods are made to evaluate their performance using rainfall data from three past typhoon events. Despite of some discrepancies found in the results, both methods can predict landslide quite consistently. Without sufficient number of actual landslide records for model validation, the true accuracy of both landslide early warning methods cannot be assessed. However, the consistency of predicted landslide occurrence times during three historical typhoon events in the case study indicated that they could be viable for providing good supportive information for decision-making in landslide hazard mitigation.
Evolving Systemic Treatment Landscape for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Bossé Dominick , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose To outline current practices and challenges in the systemic management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Design We conducted a focused review of hallmark randomized controlled trials informing the systemic treatment of patients with RCC. We concentrated on trials informing the use of combination therapies, therapy in both treatment-naïve and previously treated patients, sequential treatment strategies, and schedules. Results The systemic treatment of advanced RCC has experienced tremendous progress over the past 15 years. An improved understanding of the canonical pathways implicated in RCC pathogenesis has resulted in the development of molecularly targeted and immunotherapy options for patients. These therapies have replaced cytokine-based treatments as the standard of care for patients with advanced RCC. Until recently, sequential vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–targeted therapy or VEGF-targeted therapy followed by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition has been the prevailing treatment paradigm for patients. However, newer agents such as cabozantinib and nivolumab have challenged this traditional approach. In addition, combination treatments including nivolumab plus ipilimumab and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab have transformed the RCC treatment landscape, and other doublet combinations in clinical testing will likely continue to alter the treatment paradigm in RCC. Currently, factors that inform treatment selection between different therapy options include performance status, comorbidities, prognostic risk stratification, treatment adverse event profile, and mode of administration, with no Level I evidence for predictive biomarker use in clinic. Conclusions The treatment options for advanced RCC are rapidly evolving since the introduction of VEGF-targeted therapy, immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade and, more recently, combination regimens. Despite the success of these regimens, advanced RCC remains a largely incurable disease, and additional strategies are warranted.