bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firearm legislation and statewide suicide rates: The moderating role of household firearm ownership levels
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Houtsma Claire , Daruwala Samantha E. , Butterworth Sarah E. 
Published: May 2019

Firearm legislation is associated with statewide suicide rates; however, prior research has often relied upon older data and categorical legislative grades while also failing to consider the nuanced role of firearm ownership. Therefore, the robust literature base on legislation and suicide has not directly examined regarding the extent to which the value of legislation hinges upon the rate of firearm ownership in a given state. The current study examined 2015 US statewide firearm legislation strength scores from Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence and 2016 statewide suicide rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Firearm legislation strength was inversely associated with statewide overall and firearm suicide rates, but not with non‐firearm suicide rates. Firearm ownership rates moderated the association between firearm legislation strength and statewide overall suicide rates. Specifically, firearm legislation strength was inversely associated with statewide overall suicide rates at mean and high levels of firearm ownership. Findings support the potential utility of firearm legislation as part of a national effort to decrease US suicide deaths, particularly in areas with higher firearm ownership rates.
Ser625 of msn2 transcription factor is indispensable for ethanol tolerance and alcoholic fermentation process
Authors: Vamvakas Sotirios‐Spyridon , Kapolos John , Farmakis Lambros , Koskorellou Gregoria , Genneos Fotios 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe genetic modification of yeast strains can be used as an approach for the improvement of ethanol fermentation. msn2p transcription factor is implicated in yeast stress response and its activation is controlled by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA activation inhibits the translocation of msn2p to the nucleus. An in silico analysis of msn2 protein sequence revealed serine residue at position 625 as a potent target of PKA. Thus, substitution of this serine residue with alanine increases the susceptibility of the cells to ethanol challenge reducing IC50 from 3% vol/vol to 2.42% vol/vol. Additionally, cells carrying this substitution were shown a significantly reduced fermentation rate at 30°C and 18°C increasing the total fermentation time by approximately two and three times, respectively. These results clearly indicate that Ser625 is absolutely necessary for yeast to retain its fermentation ability and ethanol tolerance.
Alcohol injection for nonsurgical management of tailgut cyst in a middle‐aged woman: A case report
Authors: Aljuhani Farrah , Almunami Bashair , Alsamahi Rawan , Malibary Nadim , Algaithy Zuhoor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManaging recurrent tailgut cyst in a patient who is refraining from the definitive surgical en bloc resection can be challenging. Therefore, in this case report we outlined a less invasive approach which is computed tomography‐guided aspiration with alcohol injection which resulted in prolongation of symptoms free period in our patient.
Au−Pd Selectivity‐switchable Alcohol‐oxidation Catalyst: Controlling the Duality of the Mechanism using a Multivariate Approach
Authors: da S. Melo Itaciara E. M. , de Sousa Samuel A. A. , dos S. Pereira Laíse N. , Oliveira Jefferson M. , Castro Karla P. R. , Costa Jean C. S. , de Moura Edmilson M. , de Moura Carla V. R. , Garcia Marco A. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSupported gold‐palladium nanoparticles are highly selective catalysts for the oxidation of alcohols. However, little is known about how integrated reaction conditions can affect the chemoselectivity of a specific catalytic system. Herein, a novel Au−Pd selectivity‐switchable catalyst supported on SrCO3 is reported; and a multivariate optimization was suggested as the key process to better understand the formation of the products. The optimization approach considered temperature, pressure, time of reaction, and Au : Pd molar ratio, and settled that the temperature and Au : Pd molar ratio showed an important effect on the ester yield, while just the metal molar ratio significantly influenced the selectivity for the aldehyde. Thus, taking into consideration the experimental data and optimized conditions, we were able to efficiently switch the selectivity by just changing the pressure of the system in a benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction. In addition, we proposed that the presence of O2 implies that there are two catalytic pathways, which leads to different selectivity, allowing us to bring some mechanistic insights dealing with the duality of the mechanism. Such outcomes are based on dense experimental results and characterizations (FT‐IR, Rietveld refinement, XPS, H2‐TPR, and EDS‐STEM). The catalyst was also very stable, presenting activity up to 6 runs without loss of activity and selectivity, under certain reaction conditions.
Cellulose as an Adhesive for the Synthesis of Carbon Aerogel with a 3D Hierarchical Network Structure for Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Cai Tailong , Kuang Liwen , Wang Chao , Jin Chunde , Wang Zhe , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs an abundant biomaterial, lignin is often used as a low‐end material, because it has an inferior formability at normal temperature and a poor solubility in most solvents. In this study, an innovative lignin/cellulose carbon aerogel with a 3D hierarchical network structure composed of nanochains connecting nanospheres is successfully synthesized by dissolving cellulose and lignin in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, regenerating in deionized water, freeze‐drying, and carbonizing. Cellulose, as the adhesive connects lignin by hydrogen bonds, increases the specific surface area and improves the graphitization degree. Consequently, the sample with 10 wt % cellulose (C‐10) has a high specific capacitance (166 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), low impedance (τ=5.56 ms), and excellent capacitance retention (98.6 % after 1000 cycles). The C‐10‐based flexible supercapacitor exhibits a stable output capability (≥99 %) at different bending angles, long cycle life (≥1000 cycles), and high energy density (102 Wh kg−1 at 175 W kg−1).
Advanced Polymer Designs for Direct‐Ink‐Write 3D Printing
Authors: Li Longyu , Lin Qianming , Tang Miao , Duncan Andrew J. E. , Ke Chenfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of additive manufacturing techniques, also known as three‐dimensional (3D) printing, is driving innovations in polymer chemistry, materials science, and engineering. Among current 3D printing techniques, direct ink writing (DIW) employs viscoelastic materials as inks, which are capable of constructing sophisticated 3D architectures at ambient conditions. In this perspective, polymer designs that meet the rheological requirements for direct ink writing are outlined and successful examples are summarized, which include the development of polymer micelles, co‐assembled hydrogels, supramolecularly cross‐linked systems, polymer liquids with microcrystalline domains, and hydrogels with dynamic covalent cross‐links. Furthermore, advanced polymer designs that reinforce the mechanical properties of these 3D printing materials, as well as the integration of functional moieties to these materials are discussed to inspire new polymer designs for direct ink writing and broadly 3D printing.
Spectroscopy and Reactivity of Dialkoxy Acenes
Authors: Brega Valentina , Kanari Sare Nur , Doherty Connor T. , Che Dante , Sharber Seth A. , Thomas Samuel W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotochemical oxidation of acenes can benefit or impede their function, depending on the application. Although acenes with alkoxy substituents on reactive sites are important for applications as diverse as drug delivery and organic optoelectronics, the influence of chemical structure on their photochemical oxidation remains unknown. This paper therefore describes the synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and reactivity with singlet oxygen (1O2) of a series of dialkoxyacenes that vary in the number and types of fused rings in the (hetero)acene cores. Reductive alkylation of quinone precursors yielded target dialkoxyacenes with fused backbones ranging from benzodithiophene to tetracenothiophene. Trends of their experimental spectroscopic characteristics were consistent with time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. NMR studies show that photochemically generated 1O2 oxidizes all but one of these acenes to the corresponding endoperoxides in organic solvent. The rates of these oxidations correlate with the number and types of fused arenes, with longer dialkoxyacenes generally oxidizing faster than shorter derivatives. Finally, irradiation of these acenes in acidic, oxidizing environments cleaves the ether bonds. This work impacts those working in organic optoelectronics, as well as those interested in harnessing photogenerated reactive oxygen species in functional materials.
Manipulation of Transmembrane Transport by Synthetic K+ Ionophore Depsipeptides and Its Implications in Glucose‐Stimulated Insulin Secretion in β‐Cells
Authors: García‐Calvo José , Torroba Tomás , Brañas‐Fresnillo Virginia , Perdomo Germán , Cózar‐Castellano Irene , Li Yu‐Hao , Legrand Yves‐Marie , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cyclic depsipeptide cereulide toxin it is a very well‐known potassium electrogenic ionophore particularly sensitive to pancreatic beta cells. The mechanistic details of its specific activity are unknown. Here, we describe a series of synthetic substituted cereulide potassium ionophores that cause impressive selective activation of glucose‐induced insulin secretion in a constitutive manner in rat insulinoma INS1E cells. Our study demonstrates that the different electroneutral K+ transport mechanism exhibited by the anionic mutant depsipeptides when compared with classical electrogenic cereulides can have an important impact of pharmacological value on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion.
The Effect of Viscosity on the Diffusion and Termination Reaction of Organic Radical Pairs
Authors: Li Xiaopei , Ogihara Tasuku , Abe Manabu , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effect of viscosity on the diffusion efficiency (Fdif) of an organic radical pair in a solvent cage and the termination mechanism, that is, the selectivity of disproportionation (Disp) and combination (Comb) of the geminated caged radical pair and the diffused radicals encountered, were investigated quantitatively by following the photolysis of dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionate) (V‐601) in the absence and presence of PhSD. Fdif and Disp/Comb selectivity outside the cage [Disp(dif)/Comb(dif)] are highly sensitive to the viscosity. In contrast, the Disp/Comb selectivity inside the cage [Disp(cage)/Comb(cage)] is rather insensitive. The difference in viscosity dependence between Disp(cage)/Comb(cage) and Disp(dif)/Comb(dif) is explained by the spin state of the radical pair inside and outside the cage and the spin state dependent configurational changes of the radical pair upon their collision. Given that the configurational change of the radicals associates the displacement and reorganization of solvents around the radicals, the termination outside the cage, which requires larger change than that inside the cage, is highly viscosity dependent. Furthermore, while the bulk viscosity of each solvent shows good correlation with Fdif and Disp/Comb selectivity, microviscosity is the better parameter predicting Fdif and Disp(dif)/Comb(dif) selectivity regardless of the solvents.
Biomarkers to diagnose metastatic breast carcinoma to the pancreas: A case report and update
Authors: Shee Kevin , Strait Alexander M. , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe patient is a 72‐year‐old female who presents with new onset jaundice. The patient has a past medical history significant for right‐sided estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and left‐sided ER‐negative breast cancers in 2005 and 2009, respectively, and recent 1‐year history of ER‐positive right‐sided breast cancer with bone and brain metastases. CT scan and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a new 2 cm mass in the head of the pancreas, leading to EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of the lesion. Pathologic workup revealed adenocarcinoma with signet‐ring cells, representing either metastatic breast or primary pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostic workup identified positive GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3) immunoreactivity and a mutation in Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), also known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Here, we review the diagnostic markers commonly used to differentiate metastatic breast vs primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and discuss the challenges of utilizing GATA3 immunoreactivity and ERBB2 mutations for diagnosis.
Excitatory/inhibitory balance across ontogeny contributes to age‐specific behavioral outcomes of ethanol‐like challenge in conditioned taste aversion
Authors: Dannenhoffer Carol A. , Spear Linda P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdolescent‐typical sensitivities to ethanol (EtOH) are characterized in part by reduced sensitivity to EtOH's aversive effects. Rodent studies have shown that adolescents are less sensitive than adults to aversive properties of EtOH in a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. To the extent that EtOH exerts antagonist‐like actions upon glutamate receptors and/or agonist‐like actions upon γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, age differences in excitatory/inhibitory balance may regulate age‐specific EtOH sensitivities, such as attenuated sensitivity of adolescents to EtOH aversion. In our experiments, adolescent and adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were tested for CTA following challenge with one of the following pharmacological agents: glutamatergic AMPA1 receptor antagonist NBQX, glutamatergic N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate NR2B receptor antagonist ifenprodil, and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor agonist THIP to determine whether these induced age‐specific aversive sensitivities like those seen with EtOH. NBQX administration did not induce CTA. The highest dose of extrasynaptic GABAA agonist THIP induced CTA in adolescents but not adults, an opposite ontogenetic profile as seen following EtOH. Ifenprodil exerted an age‐specific pattern of CTA similar to that seen with EtOH in males, with adolescents being insensitive to ifenprodil's aversive effects relative to adults. Thus, only antagonism of NR2B receptors in male rats mimicked age‐specific sensitivities to the aversive effects of EtOH.
Temperature variations in simulated warming alter photosynthesis of two emergent plants in plateau wetlands, China
Authors: Xiao Derong , Yan Pengfei , Zhan Pengfei , Zhang Yun , Liu Zhenya , Tian Kun , Yuan Xingzhong , Wang Hang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of temperature variations (i.e., maximum, minimum, and diurnal temperature ranges [DTRs]) on ecosystems is now recognized as being of paramount importance in global change ecology; the roles of different aspects of these temperature variations in influencing plant photosynthesis remain under‐studied. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic responses of two local dominant wetland plants to two simulated air‐warming scenarios (+2° ± 0.5°C and +3.5° ± 0.5°C) by using open‐top chambers in the northwest Yunnan plateau. During the growing season from 2014 to 2016, we explored photosynthetic parameters and the relationships linking photosynthesis to temperature variations. We found that open‐top chambers had increased the daily maximum temperature as well as DTRs. The photosynthetic responses of two plant species to warming were species‐specific during the first two years but species‐independent in the third year. The two warming scenarios did not significantly alter the linear relationships linking maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax) to stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr), despite changes in slopes and intercepts of the fitted lines. The DTRs between 0°C and 30°C were positively correlated with photosynthesis, while DTRs over 30°C were negatively correlated with photosynthesis. Our results provide experimental evidence that temperature variations play a greater role than increasing average temperature in explaining plant photosynthesis, and more attention should be paid to temperature variations when assessing the impact of climate warming on wetland ecosystem.
Interactive effects of hydrogeomorphology on fish community structure in a large floodplain river
Authors: Delong Michael D. , Thoms Martin C. , Sorenson Ethan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiocomplexity is an emergent property of ecosystems that captures the interplay of structures and processes at multiple scales. These interactions can establish a dynamic habitat template that serves as a filter to define ecological organization across landscapes. Studies of biocomplexity in floodplain rivers typically focus on hydrological variability or geomorphic heterogeneity separately, with their interactions being an output rather than the direct focus of investigations. This study examines the interaction of hydrological variability and geomorphic heterogeneity across 25 off‐channel habitats (OCHs) of the Upper Mississippi River, USA. Questions posed were as follows: What are the interactive effects of hydrological variability and geomorphic heterogeneity shaping the physical habitat template of OCHs? and How does the organization of the physical habitat template influence fish community composition within OCHs? Three distinct OCH groups emerged from this study: where hydrological variability defined Group 1 (Lake group); Group 2 was organized via geomorphic heterogeneity (Backwater group); and a combination of hydrological and geomorphological variables defined Group 3 (Slackwater group). Thus, the differential interaction of hydrology and geomorphology defined the dynamic physical habitat template of OCHs in this riverine landscape. No significant difference between the association matrices of the hydrogeomorphic template and fish community composition for the 25 OCH sites was recorded. A priori grouping of fish into the three OCH groups revealed marked differences in fish community composition. A subset of hydrogeomorphic variables that defined the physical character of the OCHs acted as an environmental filter for the fish community composition of the three OCH groups. A conceptual model explaining hydrogeomorphic–ecological interactions across the OCHs of this floodplain river system is provided.
Combination of medical and health care based on digital smartphone‐powered photochemical dongle for renal function management
Authors: Fu Yusheng , Tan Haiyan , Wu Xiujian , Wu Xiaohe , Yang Yongzheng , Gao Yanling , Liu Ruowei , Qi Min , Chen Xiaoyun , Ning Yaochao , Sun Weidong , Chang Nianhuan , Ma Junjie , Cheng Kang , Yang Hongni , Li Qing , Wang Ping , Wu Chaoran , Xian Hong , Wang Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently, the global healthcare market is increasing at high speed with the impendent global aging issue. Healthcare Industry 4.0 has emerged as an efficient solution towards the aging issue since it was integrated with ubiquitous medical sensors, big health processing platform, high bandwidth, speed technologies, and medical services, etc. It is believed to fulfil the requirement of the tremendously growing health market. The acquisition of medical data acts as the dominant precondition to implement the Healthcare Industry 4.0. In the same way, the widely available smartphone could serve as the best biomedical information collect station. In this study, a smartphone‐powered photochemical dongle is demonstrated to precisely estimate blood creatinine from the fingertip blood, which works as a highly compact reflectance spectral analyzer with an enzymatically dry chemical test strip. Comparing with conventional laboratory facility for the evaluation and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), it implemented the platform of point care with agreed accuracy. In order to estimate the efficiency of treatment and recovery of the CKD, the proposed photochemical dongle would provide a flexible and rapid platform for point of care. Furthermore, the proposed measured technology is very promising method for remote CKD management.
Basinga: A cell‐by‐cell GIS toolbox for computing basin average scaling factors, cosmogenic production rates and denudation rates
Authors: Charreau Julien , Blard Pierre‐Henri , Zumaque Jéna , Martin Léo C.P. , Delobel Tony , Szafran Lucas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe calculation of denudation rates from the measured cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in river sediments requires assumptions and approximations. Several different approaches and numerical tools are available in the literature. A widely used analytical approach represents the muogenic production with one or two exponentials, assumes the attenuation length of muons to be constant and also neglects temporal variations in the Earth's magnetic field. The denudation rates are then calculated directly and analytically from the measured concentrations. A second numerical and iterative approach was more recently proposed and considers a more rigorous muogenic production law based on pre‐calculated variable attenuation length of muons and accounts for temporal changes of the magnetic field. It also assumes a specific distribution of denudation rates throughout the basin and uses an iterative approach to calculate the basin average denudation rates.We tested the two approaches across several natural basins and found that both approaches provide similar denudation results. Hence, assuming exponential muogenic production and constant attenuation length of muons in the rock has little impact on the derived denudation rates. Therefore, unless a priori known distributions of denudation rates are to be tested, there does not appear to be any particular gain from using the second iterative method which is computationally less effective.Based on these findings, we developed and describe here Basinga, a new ArcGIS® and QGIS toolbox which computes the basin average scaling factors, cosmogenic production rates and denudation rates for several tens of drainage basins together. Basinga follows either the Lal/Stone or the Lifton/Sato/Dunai scaling schemes and includes several optional tools for correcting for topographic shielding, ice cover and lithology. We have also developed an original method for correcting the cosmogenic production rates for past variations in the Earth's magnetic field. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capturing the cross‐terms in multidimensional advection schemes
Authors: Kent James 
Published: May 2019

SummarySolving the advection equation is an important part of numerically modeling the atmosphere. Both accuracy and efficiency are desirable traits of an advection scheme. For multidimensional flow, forward‐in‐time advection schemes must properly capture the cross‐terms. Failure to capture the cross‐terms can result in reduced accuracy and even instabilities. We show how multidimensional forward‐in‐time schemes successfully capture the cross‐terms of two‐dimensional (2D) flow. We then introduce a method to improve the efficiency of the forward‐in‐time schemes for 2D flow. This method stacks the duplicated cross‐terms from one flux into the other, creating asymmetrized fluxes. Numerical testing shows that these asymmetrized flux calculation schemes perform to the same accuracy as the original forwards‐in‐time schemes but with a significant improvement in computational time. Finally, we show extensions of the method to three‐dimensional (3D) flow.