bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic lead arranger certification and the pricing of project finance loans
Authors: Ahiabor Frederick S. , James Gregory A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing a sample of 1,270 project finance syndicated loan tranches arranged from 1998 to 2011 and worth over $300 billion, we estimate the causal impact of certification by domestic lead arrangers on the pricing of project finance loans in emerging markets. We hypothesize that, on average, domestic arrangers are better able to structure and screen project finance deals, credibly communicate the true value of a project and its underlying network of contracts, and monitor the loan contract compared with foreign arrangers. If so, all things being equal, domestic arranger certification should result in lower loan spreads compared with foreign arranger certification. Our results support this hypothesis. After controlling for project and loan characteristics and the potential endogeneity of the lead arranger's selection, we find that certification by domestic arrangers causes a significant reduction in loan spreads across different industrial categories and geographic locations of projects. This finding demonstrates the economic value of domestic arranger certification in project finance lending. Our results suggest that, in the presence of information asymmetry between project sponsors and participant lenders in the syndicate, certification by domestic arrangers offers a superior mechanism to minimize search, information, and monitoring costs.
Comparison of the metabolism of 10 chemicals in human and pig skin explants
Authors: Géniès C. , Jamin E. L. , Debrauwer L. , Zalko D. , Person E. N. , Eilstein J. , Grégoire S. , Schepky A. , Lange D. , Ellison C. , Roe A. , Salhi S. , Cubberley R. , Hewitt N. J. , Rothe H. , Klaric M. , Duplan H. , Jacques‐Jamin C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSkin metabolism is important to consider when assessing local toxicity and/or penetration of chemicals and their metabolites. If human skin supply is limited, pig skin can be used as an alternative. To identify any species differences, we have investigated the metabolism of 10 chemicals in a pig and human skin explant model. Phase I metabolic pathways in skin from both species included those known to occur via cytochrome P450s, esterases, alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Common Phase II pathways were glucuronidation and sulfation but other conjugation pathways were also identified. Chemicals not metabolized by pig skin (caffeine, IQ and 4‐chloroaniline) were also not metabolized by human skin. Six chemicals metabolized by pig skin were metabolized to a similar extent (percentage parent remaining) by human skin. Human skin metabolites were also detected in pig skin incubations, except for one unidentified minor vanillin metabolite. Three cinnamyl alcohol metabolites were unique to pig skin but represented minor metabolites. There were notable species differences in the relative amounts of common metabolites. The difference in the abundance of the sulfate conjugates of resorcinol and 4‐amino‐3‐nitrophenol was in accordance with the known lack of aryl sulfotransferase activity in pigs. In conclusion, while qualitative comparisons of metabolic profiles were consistent between pig and human skin, there were some quantitative differences in the percentage of metabolites formed. This preliminary assessment suggests that pig skin is metabolically competent and could be a useful tool for evaluating potential first‐pass metabolism before testing in human‐derived tissues.
IL10 haplotypes are associated with diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in patients from western Mexico
Authors: Chavarria‐Buenrostro Luz E , Hernandez‐Bello Jorge , Muñoz‐Valle Jose F , Macias‐Barragan Jose , Hernandez‐Carrillo Liliana B , Topete‐Reyes Jorge F , Parra‐Michel Renato , Ramirez‐Dueñas Maria G , Sanchez‐Hernandez Pedro E , Pereira‐Suarez Ana L , Oceguera‐Contreras Eden , Montoya‐Buelna Margarita 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionDiabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients. An IL‐10 imbalance could be related to renal hypertrophy and trigger to nephropathy. Three promoter polymorphisms (‐1082G>A, ‐819C>T, and ‐592C>A) at IL10 gene have been associated with changes in the IL‐10 expression and DN susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze this association in Mexican patients with DN.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study on 128 patients with DN and 150 control subjects (CS) from western Mexico. All patients were tested for IL10 polymorphisms by PCR‐RFLP. Allele frequencies, genotypes, and haplotypes were compared between groups. The significant haplotypes were correlated with patient clinical features.ResultsIL10 gene ATC haplotype (‐1082A/‐819T/‐592C) was found significantly more frequent in DN patients than in CS (P < 0.001; OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.7‐7.4). Similarly GTA (‐1082G/‐819T/‐592A) haplotype was more frequent in DN patients than CS with significant differences (P < 0.05; OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.10‐14.78). There were no correlations between IL10 haplotypes and clinical parameters in patients with DN. However, that there is a trend of higher serum urea levels and lower eGFR in ATC haplotype carriers compared to carriers of the other haplotypes (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that IL10 promoter haplotypes ATC and GTA carriers have a higher risk factor to develop DN in the western Mexican population.
The mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in heroin addicts
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Banghua , Gu Yiwen , Zhu Jianbo , Liang Ying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating and moderating roles of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression among heroin addicts. A total of 138 heroin addicts completed the measures of perceived stress, resilience, and depression. Correlation analysis indicated that perceived stress was positively associated with depression. Resilience was negatively correlated with perceived stress and depression. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depression. However, resilience did not moderate the influence of perceived stress on depression. These findings might provide a better understanding of the mental health among heroin addicts.
MRI review of female pelvic fistulizing disease
Authors: Hyde Brenda J. , Byrnes Jenifer N. , Occhino John A. , Sheedy Shannon P. , VanBuren Wendaline M. 
Published: October 2018

A wide variety of fistulae occur in the female pelvis, most of which cause significant morbidity. Diagnosis, characterization, and treatment planning may be difficult using traditional imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy and computed tomography. To date, there is no comprehensive literature review of the radiologic findings associated with various types of female pelvic fistulae, and furthermore, none dedicated to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this article, we seek to provide a broad overview of the MRI characteristics of female pelvic fistulizing disease in combination with epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. MRI is often considered the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of fistulae owing to its superior soft‐tissue contrast and ability to provide surgeons with the highest quality information derived from just one study, including anatomic location of fistulae and associated pelvic pathology. In other instances, MRI can be complementary to the more traditional imaging techniques. This review will describe the etiology, anatomy, MRI findings, and treatment pearls for several of the more common pelvic fistulae found in female patients, including anovaginal, rectovaginal, colovaginal, vesicovaginal, colovesical, and other complex fistulae.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1172–1184
Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti‐hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects
Authors: Azarkar Zohreh , Ziaee Masood , Ebrahimzadeh Azadeh , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Javanmard Davod 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesFeatures of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) positives have yet to be described in more details. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI), and association to risk factors among seropositives for anti‐HBc.MethodsThis was part of a community‐based screening project that included 5234 cases. All participants completed a questionnaire on demographic and socio‐epidemiological information. Then, the blood samples were collected and tested for anti‐HBc and HBsAg using ELISA method. To identify OBI, nested‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed for HBV‐S and X genes, and viral load was determined using an in‐house real‐time PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have been implemented for genotyping.ResultsOverall, 596 cases, positive only for anti‐HBc were included in the study. OBI was detected among 61 cases (10.2%). The genotype and subgenotype of HBV among all of them was D1, except one that was D4. Most of them had low viral loads ranged from 1.2 × 102 to 1.34 × 10
3 copies/mL; 19.6% had undetectable viral loads. Important mutations in surface protein and reverse transcriptase were sI92T, sQ129H, rtL80I, rtS85F, rtL91I. The prevalence of OBI was related to some risk factors, such as tattooing (P = 0.02), sexual activities (P = 0.009), and diabetes (P = 0.031).ConclusionOur study suggests that OBI should be considered among anti‐HBc seropositive subjects. This form of HBV infection was accompanied with some mutations, risk factors, and diseases. However, further investigations are needed to determine virological importance of documented mutations.
Bile Salt Hydrolase and S‐Layer Protein are the Key Factors Affecting the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Lactobacillus casei‐Fermented Milk in Hamsters
Authors: Guo Chun‐Feng , Zhang Shuang , Yuan Ya‐Hong , Li Jing‐Yan , Yue Tian‐Li 
Published: October 2018

ScopeLactobacillus casei F0822‐fermented milk has exhibited significant hypocholesterolemic activity in hamsters in the previous study. Under this premise, the objective of this study is to further explore whether bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and S‐layer protein (SLP) of the strain have a significant influence on hypocholesterolemic activity of the fermented milk.Methods and resultsIndependent and double interposon mutants of BSH and SLP genes are constructed from wild‐type L. casei F0822 via chromosomal insertion of chloramphenicol or/and erythromycin resistance genes based on double‐crossover homologous recombination. The mutants‐ and the wild‐type strain‐fermented milk is prepared (viable counts of approximately 8.0 × 108 colony‐forming units mL–1 each) and intragastrically administered to high‐cholesterol‐fed hamsters once daily at a dose of 1.25 mL d–1 for 28 d, respectively. Both the BSH‐deficient mutant‐ and the SLP‐deficient mutant‐fermented milk significantly (p < 0.05) increase serum total and LDL‐cholesterol levels in hamsters compared with the wild‐type strain‐fermented milk. However, only the BSH‐deficient mutant‐fermented milk could significantly (p < 0.05) increase hepatic total and esterified cholesterol levels in hamsters.ConclusionBoth BSH and SLP have a significant influence on the hypocholesterolemic activity of L. casei F0822‐fermented milk in hamsters. Nevertheless, the BSH is greater than the SLP in this regard.
Dihydro‐β‐agarofurans from the Australian rainforest plant Denhamia celastroides that inhibit leucine transport in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gordon Shelly , Wibowo Mario , Wang Qian , Holst Jeff , Davis Rohan A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFour new dihydro‐β‐agarofurans, denhaminols K–N (4–7), along with three known secondary metabolites, denhaminols A–C (1–3) were obtained from the large‐scale isolation studies of the leaves of the Australian endemic rainforest plant, Denhamia celastroides. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were determined by detailed 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, and infrared data analysis. All compounds were found to inhibit the activity of leucine transport in a human prostate cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 5.1–74.9 μM. Dihydro‐β‐agarofurans 1–7 showed better potency than the L‐type amino acid transporter family inhibitor, 2‐aminobicyclo[2.2.1]‐heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (BCH).
Trans‐1,4‐stereospecific copolymerization of ethylene and isoprene catalyzed by MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Authors: Song Shaofei , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Hao , Fu Zhisheng , Xu Junting , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCopolymerization of ethylene and isoprene (Ip) catalyzed by TiCl4/MgCl2‐Al(i‐C4H9)3 catalyst was systematically studied. Homopolymer of ethylene and Ip were synthesized under the same conditions for making comparisons. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance was employed to characterize chain structure of the copolymer. Influences of Ip concentration, molar ratio of cocatalyst to Ti and reaction temperature on the copolymerization activity and copolymer chain structure were investigated. The copolymerization activity was evidently lowered by increasing Ip concentration, and the Ip content in copolymer was rather low under reaction conditions leading to higher activity. Insertions of Ip in polymer chain showed rather high regioselectivity for 1,4‐connections (>85%) and medium to high stereoselectivity for trans‐1,4‐isomer (>70%) under typical conditions, but the regio and stereoselectivities tended to decrease with decrease in Ip concentration and increase in Al/Ti ratio. Melting temperature of the copolymer decreased with increase of Ip content, indicating incorporation of Ip units in most of the copolymer chains. This work has proved feasibility of introducing small amount of Ip units with high trans‐1,4‐stereoselectivity into ethylene/isoprene copolymer chains by catalyzed copolymerization with MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. The copolymer is expected to be a promising candidate of easily degradable film or packaging materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2715–2722
Synthesis and photopolymerizations of first monomers with phosphonate and bisphosphonate or phosphonic and bisphosphonic acid functionalities for potential dental applications
Authors: Gencoglu Turkan , Duman Fatma Demir , Olcay Keziban , Acar Havva Yagci , Avci Duygu 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe first monomers containing both phosphonate and bisphosphonate (M1) or phosphonic and bisphosphonic acid (M2) functionalities are synthesized, aiming to improve binding abilities of self‐etching adhesive systems and composites: An amine having both phosphonate and bisphosphonate functionalities is prepared via Michael addition reaction between diethyl (6‐aminohexyl)phosphonate and tetraethyl vinylidene bisphosphonate, its reaction with 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate gives M1 which is converted to M2 by selective dealkylation of the phosphonate/bisphosphonate ester groups. Their copolymerization with commercial dental monomers (bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) investigated by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry shows adequate photopolymerization rate and conversion. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of M2‐treated hydroxyapatite particles show formation of stable M2‐calcium salts. These monomers are assessed to be not toxic according to MTT standards by in vitro cytotoxicity studies with NIH 3T3, U2OS, and Saos‐2 cells. All these properties make these monomers potential candidates as biocompatible components for dental adhesives and composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2739–2751
High‐strength hydrogels: Microstructure design, characterization and applications
Authors: Hua Jiachuan , Ng Pui Fai , Fei Bin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHydrogels are a class of polymeric network materials embedded in a water‐rich environment. They are widely applied in drug delivery, actuator, and sensor. However, conventional hydrogels encountered limits from their poor mechanical property. Recent researches in hydrogels have been focusing on mechanical enhancement, ranging from design of microstructures to adjustment of compositions in hydrogels. Here, the design and fabrication strategies of high‐strength hydrogels, as well as major progress in their typical strength‐support applications are systemically reviewed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1325–1335
Next of kin's motives for psychosocial consultation—Oncology social workers' perceptions of 54 next of kin cases
Authors: Isaksson Joakim , Lilliehorn Sara , Salander Pär 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough oncology social workers (OSWs) have emerged as a core profession in the provision of psychosocial services, there is a lack of empirical studies that describe their daily clinical work with next of kin (NOK). The overall aim of this study was to explore NOK's motives for consulting an OSW. This can provide us with insights into what types of skills OSWs need to have in order to fulfil their duties.MethodsFrom a nationwide survey, we used data from 54 NOK cases that Swedish OSWs met face to face.ResultsAbout half of the motives concerned help in dealing with personal grief connected to the patients' cancer and distressing symptoms, while the other half concerned needs for help in dealing with the position of being the NOK, relationship conflicts, and assistance with socio‐economic issues.ConclusionsThe motives show that NOK does not just ask for help to come to terms with distress related to the patient's situation. Based on the diversity of motives, we suggest that OSWs (at least in Sweden) need a broad education in counselling psychology. Furthermore, health care personnel need to be attentive to the NOK's own voice and not reduce it to the voice of the patient and the patient's needs in referrals.
Initiation of CL‐20 Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles by Using a Laser Pulse through an Optical Fiber
Authors: Ji Xiangbo , Qin Wenzhi , Li Xiaodong , Zheng Shensheng , Zhou Jianhua , Xin Zongren , Li Yong , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe direct laser initiation of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) doped with aluminum nanoparticles was conducted using a short laser pulse of Nd:YAG (1064 nm wavelength, 14 ns duration) through a 1 mm diameter optical fiber. The effects of aluminum nanoparticles on thermal stability, light absorption, and laser initiation energy were investigated. Results revealed that the aluminum nanoparticles significantly enhanced the absorption of light and decreased the laser initiation energy. The laser initiation energy, which was higher than 1000 mJ for an undoped CL‐20, could be reduced to 80, 40, 30, 30, and 20 mJ by adding 0.2 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, and 5.0 % aluminum nanoparticles, respectively. When a short pulse laser was radiated on the surface of the explosives, the aluminum nanoparticles absorbed the laser energy, heated, and reached high temperatures, resulting in hotspot formation and detonation. The direct laser initiation of doped CL‐20 with a short laser pulse and a low energy through an optical fiber would contribute to the manufacture of small, safe, and reliable laser detonators.
Potassium N‐Nitramino‐5H‐Tetrazolates – Powerful Green Primary Explosives with High Initiation Capabilities
Authors: Szimhardt Norbert , Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Spieß Philipp , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the nowadays used lead‐based primary explosives, lead azide, picrate and styphnate suffer from various environmental and toxic issues, there is a great need for new green materials. Therefore, two highly promising lead‐free primary explosives potassium 1‐(N‐nitramino)‐5H‐tetrazolate (1, 1‐KNAT) and potassium 2‐(N‐nitramino)‐5H‐tetrazolate (2, 2‐KNAT) have been synthesized and characterized. Both isomers show superior energetic performance, initiation capability and were comprehensively analyzed by low‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DTA. Sensitivity determinations toward impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge revealed its highly powerful, but also sensitive character. In addition, their potential as lead‐free primaries were evaluated in initiation tests of PETN or RDX filled detonators confirming their great suitability as lead‐free primary explosives.
Novel protein science enabled by total chemical synthesis
Authors: Kent Stephen B. H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChemical synthesis is a well‐established method for the preparation in the research laboratory of multiple‐tens‐of‐milligram amounts of correctly folded, high purity protein molecules. Chemically synthesized proteins enable a broad spectrum of novel protein science. Racemic mixtures consisting of d‐protein and l‐protein enantiomers facilitate crystallization and determination of protein structures by X‐ray diffraction. d‐Proteins enable the systematic development of unnatural mirror image protein molecules that bind with high affinity to natural protein targets. The d‐protein form of a therapeutic target can also be used to screen natural product libraries to identify novel small molecule leads for drug development. Proteins with novel polypeptide chain topologies including branched, circular, linear‐loop, and interpenetrating polypeptide chains can be constructed by chemical synthesis. Medicinal chemistry can be applied to optimize the properties of therapeutic protein molecules. Chemical synthesis has been used to redesign glycoproteins and for the a priori design and construction of covalently constrained novel protein scaffolds not found in nature. Versatile and precise labeling of protein molecules by chemical synthesis facilitates effective application of advanced physical methods including multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and time‐resolved FTIR for the elucidation of protein structure–activity relationships. The chemistries used for total synthesis of proteins have been adapted to making artificial molecular devices and protein‐inspired nanomolecular constructs. Research to develop mirror image life in the laboratory is in its very earliest stages, based on the total chemical synthesis of d‐protein forms of polymerase enzymes.