bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Corneal Tomography and a New Combined Tomographic Biomechanical Index in Subclinical Keratoconus
Authors: Chan Tommy C.Y. , Wang Yu Meng , Yu Marco , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To investigate and compare the diagnostic ability of corneal tomography and biomechanical and combined parameters for detection of corneal ectasia.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients with subclinical keratoconus (SCKC) and age-matched controls were included. Only one eye from each patient was selected for analysis. The final D value from the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) was obtained from the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). The tomographic biomechanical index (TBI) was derived from the Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte). Classification analysis between normal and subclinical keratoconus (SCKC) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and partial AUC (pAUC) with specificity of 80% or greater were compared.

RESULTS:

Twenty-three eyes with SCKC and 37 normal eyes were included. All Pentacam-derived parameters (
P
< .001) and all but two Corvis ST–derived parameters (
P
< .020) were significantly different between normal and SCKC eyes. A significant difference was found in the final D value (
P
≤ .020) and TBI (
P
≤ .040) between normal and SCKC eyes. For differentiating normal and SCKC eyes, TBI and BAD final D value demonstrated the highest AUC (0.925 and 0.786, respectively) and pAUC (0.150 and 0.088, respectively). TBI demonstrated 84.4% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity using a cut-off of 0.16. Comparative analysis between these parameters showed that AUC and pAUC of TBI were significantly higher than all parameters from Pentacam (
P
≤ .032).

CONCLUSIONS:
In the current study, combined use of tomographic and biomechanical parameters demonstrated a higher capability in differentiating normal and SCKC eyes when compared to tomographic analysis alone.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(9):616–621.]
Outcomes of Re-treatment by LASIK After SMILE
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Vida Ryan S. 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To report the outcomes of LASIK re-treatments after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
Retrospective review of all eyes to have undergone a re-treatment by LASIK after primary SMILE between September 2013 and January 2016. Thin-flap LASIK was used in most cases as long as sufficient tissue was available for safe flap creation between the maximum epithelial thickness and minimum cap thickness. Otherwise, the SMILE interface was converted into a LASIK flap by the Circle technique or side cut only. The multivariate nomogram for LASIK re-treatments was used, including sphere, cylinder, age, and primary spherical equivalent (SEQ) as variables. Patients were observed for 1 year after surgery and standard outcomes analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

A total of 116 LASIK re-treatments were performed in a population of 2,643 consecutive SMILE procedures, indicating a re-treatment rate of 4.39%. Mean attempted SEQ was −0.05 ± 0.99 diopters (D) (range: −1.88 to +1.50 D). Mean cylinder was −0.70 ± 0.55 D (range: 0.00 to −2.25 D). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 81% of eyes, for a population with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/20 or better in 95% before re-treatment. Mean postoperative SEQ relative to the target was +0.19 ± 0.49 D (range: −0.88 to +2.13 D), with 74% within ±0.50 D. Mean postoperative cylinder was −0.29 ± 0.24 D (range: 0.00 to −1.25 D). There was one line loss of CDVA in 15% of eyes, but no eyes lost two or more lines. There was a small increase in contrast sensitivity (
P
< .05). Overcorrection was identified in myopic re-treatments (n = 20) of −1.00 D or more; mean postoperative SEQ was +0.59 ± 0.64 D (range: −0.63 to +2.13 D).

CONCLUSIONS:
Re-treatment after SMILE by LASIK achieved excellent visual and refractive outcomes, although these results indicate that myopic LASIK retreatment after primary myopic SMILE requires a different nomogram than for myopic LASIK re-treatment after primary myopic LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(9):578–588.]
Population Dynamics Model to Inform Harvest Management of a Small Elk Herd in Central New Mexico
Authors: DeVore Ryan M. , Butler Matthew J. , Wallace Mark C. , Liley Stewart G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Crop depredation by wildlife is a frequent concern for natural resource managers and mitigation of this issue is often an important task for wildlife agencies. Elk Cervus elaphus and other ungulate species have depredated corn Zea mays at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA, interfering with the ability of the Refuge to provide sufficient supplemental nutrition to overwintering sandhill cranes Antigone canadensis and geese (Anatidae). We estimated annual adult survival and calf recruitment rates of elk from 2011 to 2013 at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. Natural adult survival (excludes human-related mortalities) was high (mean = 98.3%; 95% CI = 95.0–100.0%). Calf recruitment was lower than in some populations, and ranged from 13.0 to 36.7 calves : 100 cows at time of recruitment (March and April) with a mean of 21.9 (SD =12.9). Using this information, we constructed a harvest management model to determine annual harvest quotas required to stabilize the growth of the elk herd on the Refuge. The female segment of the herd is growing at an annual rate of 9.0% (95% CI = −1.1–24.1%). To stabilize the growth rate of the female elk population, 8.0% (95% CI = −1.1–19.4%) of the cows would need to be harvested annually. We estimated an adult elk abundance of 40.0 (SE = 4.57; 95% CI = 33.8–52.6) in 2012 and 61.1 (SE = 7.21; 95% CI = 49.9–78.8) in 2013. Our harvest management model provides Refuge staff, who ultimately intend to improve corn yield, with valuable information needed to stabilize the elk herd. Further, our approach outlines a simple, easily implemented modeling technique that can be used for the management of other ungulate herds.
Ascertaining Requisite Metacognitive Elements of Input through the Exploration of Language Learners' Cognitive Characteristics
Authors: Rathnayake W. M. P. Y. B. 
Published: September 2018

Cognitive theory emphasizes language learning as a conscious and reasoned thinking process involved in the use of deliberate learning strategies. Exploration of the cognitive characteristics of learner provides benchmarks to dene metacognitive components required, thus easing the planning of input in an English as Second Language (ESL) classroom. In view of espousing deliberate learning strategies in input, this study identies due metacognitive components for ESL input upon diagnosing the cognitive characteristics of learners. The research questions include, what cognitive strategies learners do possess, what correlative natures are visible in cognitive strategies in learner possession, and which metacognitive components are to be espoused in ESL input. Proposing a questionnaire aligned with the taxonomy of metacognition, its viability for investigating prevalent learner cognitive/metacognitive characteristics is tested. The survey among 110 engineering undergraduates provides qualitative data about learner traits re ective of metacognitive behaviors. Responses were collected in a Likert scale corresponding to a dened metacognitive scale, and the cumulative means of the responses against each aspect of metacognition are stratied in a radar chart forming the learner portfolio of metacognitive strategy in use. Correlative tests are executed among prevailing cognitive traits seeking evidences for the unied nature of learner metacognitive behaviours. Results proved the prevalence of metacognitive strategies through evidences of learners' metacognitive feelings and judgements besides a proven correlation among planning, monitoring and control behaviors towards enabling metacognitive feelings/judgements. Precision of the diagnostic tool and the cohesive visibility of the metacognitive portfolio remain signicant results with opportunity for further research.
Early Versus Late Trail of Catheter Removal in Patients with Urinary Retention Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia under Tamsulosin Treatment
Authors: Salem Mohamed Salem Hassan , El Ebiary Mohamed Fathy , Badr Mohamed Mabrouk 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of early and late removal of urinary catheter after acute urine retention (AUR) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) under tamsulosin treatment on the success of trial without catheter (TWOC).

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective randomized study, 60 men with AUR secondary to BPH, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria in the absence of the exclusion criteria of the study were catheterized and then were randomly assigned to receive 0.4 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride for 3 days or 7 days, after that the catheter was removed and the ability to void unaided assessed.

Results:
Eighteen men taking tamsulosin for 3 days and 21 patients taking tamsulosin for 7 days did not require recatheterization on the day of the TWOC (60% and 70%, respectively, P = 0.417). Complication as urinary tract infection, urine leakage, hematuria, or catheter obstruction occurred in five (16.7%) men who received tamsulosin for 3 days and 13 (43.3%) men who received tamsulosin for 7 days (P = 0.024).

Conclusions:
Men catheterized for AUR can void successfully after catheter removal if treated with alpha-1 blockade, and success rate of TWOC is controversial regarding the duration of catheterization. However, the complications were increased with period of catheterization.
The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Stone Composition of 191 Patients Who Received Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in a Single Hospital
Authors: Kang Li-Meng , Lu Yen-Man , Cheng Wei-Tung , Chien Tsu-Ming , Chou Yii-Her , Wu Wen-Jeng , Li Ching-Chia 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
We aimed to analyze the renal stone composition and evaluate the epidemiology of body mass index (BMI) and renal stones.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of patients with large stones ([Latin Small Letter LEZH] cm) who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones between 2010 and 2015. We performed stone analysis using stereomicroscopy and infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of these stones. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between BMI and renal stone formation.

Results:
We examined stones from 191 procedures. Among these stones, we classified 58.6% as having “pure” composition and 40.8% as having “mixed” composition. Most stones (68.1%) were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), followed by carbonate apatite (50.8%), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) (36.6%), uric acid (14.1%), struvite (8.9%), ammonium hydrogen urate (2.1%), and brushite (1.0%). Chi-square analysis revealed that stones in obese patients (BMI >27 kg/m2) were more likely to contain COM (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.49, P = 0.008) and less COD (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.99, P = 0.049) than stones in nonobese patients (BMI ≦27 kg/m2).

Conclusion:
COM is the most frequently occurring compound in renal stones. Obese patients were significantly more likely to develop COM-containing renal stones. One must consider these factors when choosing a treatment modality.
Is it Worth Removing Prostatic Anterior Fat Pad to Detect Lymph Node Metastasis of Prostate Cancer During Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy?
Authors: Chen Chia-Hung , Chung Hsiao-Jen , Lin Alex T. L. , Chen Kuang-Kuo 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
To determine the number of lymph node in prostatic anterior fat pad (PAFP) and the incidence of metastasis in lymph nodes dissected during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods:
From May 2011 to November 2015, PAFP were removed in 146 patients who underwent RARP and sent for pathological analysis to determine the number of lymph nodes and incidence of metastasis to the lymph nodes. Another 48 patients without PAFP removal were enrolled as the control group. Operative features including operative time, estimated blood loss, post-operative hospital stay, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.

Results:
Lymph nodes within PAFP were detected in 14/146 (9.6%) patients, with metastatic lymph nodes in 2/146 (1.3%) patients. The patients with metastatic lymph nodes in the PAFP had no obturator lymph node involvement. There were no significant differences in operative features between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrated that PAFP contain lymph nodes, and that the incidence rate of lymph node metastasis was high. There was no increase in the surgical risk when removing PAFP, and therefore we suggest that PAFP be routinely removed during RARP and then analyzed pathologically to allow for precise lymph node staging.
Lye, Len (1901–1980)
Authors: Leskosky Richard J. 
Published: September 2018

New Zealand native Len Lye was an experimental innovator in painting, sculpture, documentary film, and animation. After studying indigenous art in Samoa, he emigrated to England in 1926. His early paintings anticipated abstract expressionism and he later became associated with surrealism, showcasing multiple works in London’s 1936 International Surrealist Exhibition. During World War II, Lye made live-action films for the British government and, after migrating to the US in 1944, for the March of Time series. His kinetic (motorized) sculptures figured prominently in international exhibits throughout the 1960s.
Best known for his experimental animation, Lye was more concerned with depicting motion than the moving figures. He pioneered camera-less filmmaking – which he called ‘direct cinema’ – by applying paint to clear film stock (Colour Box, 1935) and scratching images on the emulsion of exposed film (Free Radicals, 1958). He also manipulated the three colour matrices of the Gasparcolor process to create textured film images (Rainbow Dance, 1936) and explored the potential of the rayogram, Man Ray’s camera-less photographic process (Colour Cry, 1952). His imagery often suggests that of the Pacific Island tribes with whom he lived in his youth, and he frequently utilized jazz scores in his films. Disney studio animators studied Lye’s films while working on Fantasia, and he influenced many avant-garde filmmakers including Norman McLaren, Ian Hugo, and Stan Brakhage.
Kazan, Elia (1909–2003)
Authors: Oveisy Fouad 
Published: September 2018

Elia Kazan is arguably one of the most influential directors of mid-century mainstream America. Kazan is renowned for his introduction of the Moscow Art Theatre’s method acting into American film and theatre, his semi-documentary style of shooting on location, and a thematic variance that ‘reflects changes and tensions in the national culture’ (Neve 2) of the US. His 19-film oeuvre continues to exert great influence in its pioneering of cinematic realism.
Kazan’s career can be divided into two parts: the socially conscious films he produced before his testimony in front of HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), and those produced afterward, which reflect on the traumatic effect this event had on his life. Nevertheless, an unforgiving dedication to contemporary social and political dilemmas resonates throughout his films: Gentleman’s Agreement (1947) deals with anti-Semitism, his masterpiece On the Waterfront (1954) concerns workers’ rights, and his adaptation of John Steinbeck’s East of Eden (1955) focuses on the modern American familial crisis. After the successful staging of plays by Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, Kazan’s film adaptation of Williams’ play in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) further cemented his reputation as a dramaturge and actors’ director. Kazan’s long-take style of shooting, corroborated by an acute attention to mise en scène, grants a suspenseful yet clear atmosphere to the rather simple diegeses in all his films.
Das, Kamala (1934–2009)
Authors: Mokkil Navaneetha 
Published: September 2018

Kamala Das, one of the best-known bilingual writers from India in the twentieth century, consistently pushed the boundaries of what could be represented in literature through her poetry in English, autobiographical writings and novellas in English and Malayalam, and a large body of short stories in Malayalam. Through the conscious deployment of the confessional voice in her poetry and life writings and the intricate entanglement of the public and the private in her fictional worlds, Das carved a space for the explorations of the affective realm and physicality in modern Indian literature.
Kamala Das’s exposure to books and literary production came at an early age through her mother, Nalappat Balamaniyamma, a prolific poet, and her maternal uncle, Nalappat Narayana Menon, a prominent writer and translator.
Zaria Art Society, The
Authors: Ezeluomba Ndubuisi 
Published: September 2018

Formed in 1958 by a group of undergraduate students in the Fine Art Department of the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology (later renamed Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria), the Zaria Art Society was an ideological group that rejected the modes of teaching and producing art at the institution. Sometimes referred to as the ‘Zaria Rebels’, the group’s impetus was hinged around the euphoria of pre- and post-Independence nationalism of the time, but also the need to create new art. The idea that underpinned the formation of the Zaria Art Society was predicated on Uche Okeke’s enunciation of natural synthesis. As a concept, natural synthesis advocated the fusion of indigenous visual arts with useful Western ones. This was central to the Zaria Art Society’s ideology. These artists created works that reflected the diverse cultures of the Nigerian state.
Members of the Zaria Art Society were concerned with the increasing influence of foreign cultural values and traditions on art in Nigeria, and the consequent erasure or denial of local artistic traditions and ideas. Thus, the concept of ‘natural synthesis’ was conceived and advocated by the group’s founder, Uche Okeke. Members of the group, including Bruce Onobrakpeya, Demas Nwoko, Yusuf Grillo, Simon Okeke, Jimoh Akolo, Oseloka Osadebe, and Emmanuel Odita, responded to the ideas set forth by creating works that reflected the diverse cultures of the Nigerian state.
Richter, Hans (1888–1976)
Authors: Ioniță Maria 
Published: September 2018

Hans Richter was a German painter, graphic artist, and experimental filmmaker associated with a number of the European avant-garde movements, most notably Dadaism. After 1940 he moved to the United States where he continued to paint and make films.
Richter’s earliest artistic contacts were with the Blaue Reiter group and Cubism. In 1916 after being wounded and discharged from the army, he joined the Dada movement where he met Hans Arp, Marcel Janco, and, most notably, Viking Eggeling. Eggeling’s influence was crucial, since he introduced Richter to ‘orchestrations’: formal experiments similar to the musical counterpoint that sought to establish relations between opposites from which the artistic object eventually emerged.
Jones, David (1895–1974)
Authors: Gossedge Rob 
Published: September 2018

David Jones, the poet, painter and engraver, was born in Brockley, Kent, in 1895. He was the youngest son of James Jones, a printer’s overseer from North Wales, and Alice Bradshaw, a former governess and talented amateur artist of Anglo-Italian descent. Although his family was English-speaking and Low Church in religious practice, from an early age Jones was drawn to the culture of his father’s Welsh ancestors, and to the rituals of the Catholic Church (he was to convert in 1921). Both influences would prove crucial to Jones’s maturity as both artist and writer.
In January 1915, after several years training as an artist at Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts, Jones enlisted in the ‘London Welsh’ battalion of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, and served as a private until the end of the First World War. He was wounded in the leg during the assault on Mametz Wood, as part of the 1916 Somme Offensive. These experiences would serve as the narrative basis of his first major literary work, In Parenthesis (1937). Though that title was meant to convey his understanding of the war as a kind of parenthesized experience for him and his fellow amateur soldiers, he remained, artistically, unable to step outside of its brackets, and each of his major subsequent works would be shaped by his time in the trenches.
Al-Bustani, Butrus بطرس البستاني (1819–83)
Authors: Luce Mark D. 
Published: September 2018

Butrus Al-Bustani is known as the "father of the Arabic Renaissance" and was a leading pioneer of the Al-Nahda (النهضه) or cultural awakening. Al-Bustani sought to promote Arabic as a national language, long neglected by the Ottoman Turks, and to make it a suitable vehicle for communicating, implementing educational reform, and imparting new scientific and technical knowledge from Europe and the West. He also helped to found the Syrian Scientific Society ( الجعمية العلمية السورية Al-Ja’miyya al-’ilmiyya al-suriyya).
Al-Bustani participated in the American Protestant Mission’s Bible translation project. In 1870, he completed his large Arabic dictionary The Ocean of Oceans ( محيط المحيط Muhit al-Muhit) and the first volume of his encyclopedia, the Dictionary of Knowledge (دائرة المعارف Dairat al-ma’arif) appeared in 1876. He died while engaged with this massive project. He was able to produce only six volumes. His son Salim carried on his father’s work and completed another two volumes. This encyclopedia was never completed but eleven volumes were published.
Bahr, Hermann (1863–1934)
Authors: Ifkovits Kurt 
Published: September 2018

Hermann Barr was an Austrian author, essayist, critic, editor, dramaturg, and director. His wide-ranging career spanned most of the fin de siècle’s major literary trends, such as naturalism, décadence, late Heimatkunst, and expressionism. Thanks to his strategic cultural alliances, openness to all things innovative, and multifaceted interests, he became one of the most prominent figures of Viennese modernism.
Following stays in Paris (1888–9) and Berlin as a collaborator at the Freie Bühne theater club, Bahr returned to Vienna with a sense of purpose. He began championing aesthetic modernism and associating with protagonists from the Viennese literary scene (Leopold von Andrian, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Arthur Schnitzler). As the self-proclaimed leader of the Young Vienna literary circle, Bahr became a tireless advocate and interpreter of innovative aesthetic movements, trends, and styles.
Bahr’s theater work included dramaturgy and directing with Max Reinhardt in Berlin (1906–7) and a brief term as lead dramaturg of the Burgtheater (1918). His literary work is wide in scope, encompassing many dramas, novels, and an autobiography. From 1894 to 1899 he was the co-founder, art editor, and co-editor-in-chief of the Viennese weekly journal Die Zeit. His significance for contemporary readers lies less in his literary oeuvre than in his importance as a critic, crusader, practitioner, and networker.