bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient triple‐VENC phase‐contrast MRI for improved velocity dynamic range
Authors: Ma Liliana E. , Markl Michael , Chow Kelvin , Vali Alireza , Wu Can , Schnell Susanne 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of an efficient triple velocity‐encoding (VENC) 4D flow MRI implementation to improve velocity unwrapping of 4D flow MRI data with the same scan time as an interleaved dual‐VENC acquisition.MethodsA balanced 7‐point acquisition was used to derive 3 sets of 4D flow images corresponding to 3 different VENCs. These 3 datasets were then used to unwrap the aliased lowest VENC into a minimally aliased, triple‐VENC dataset. Triple‐VENC MRI was evaluated and compared with dual‐VENC MRI over 3 different VENC ranges (50‐150, 60‐150, and 60‐180 cm/s) in vitro in a steadily rotating phantom as well as in a pulsatile flow phantom. In vivo, triple‐VENC data of the thoracic aorta were also evaluated in 3 healthy volunteers (2 males, 26‐44 years old) with VENC = 50/75/150 cm/s. Two triple‐VENC (triconditional and biconditional) and 1 dual‐VENC unwrapping algorithms were quantitatively assessed through comparison to a reference, unaliased, single‐VENC scan.ResultsTriple‐VENC 4D flow constant rotation phantom results showed high correlation with the analytical solution (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.984‐0.995, P < .001) and up to a 61% reduction in velocity noise compared with the corresponding single‐VENC scans (VENC = 150, 180 cm/s). Pulsatile flow phantom experiments demonstrated good agreement between triple‐VENC and single‐VENC acquisitions (peak flow < 0.8% difference; peak velocity < 11.7% difference). Triconditional triple‐VENC unwrapping consistently outperformed dual‐VENC unwrapping, correctly unwrapping more than 83% and 46%‐66% more voxels in vitro and in vivo, respectively.ConclusionTriple‐VENC 4D flow MRI adds no additional scan time to dual‐VENC MRI and has the potential for improved unwrapping to extend the velocity dynamic range beyond dual‐VENC methods.
Chaplain care in pediatric oncology: Insight for interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Lion Alex H. , Skiles Jodi L. , Watson Beth Newton , Young J. Daniel , Torke Alexia M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough attending to spiritual and religious needs is part of high quality care of pediatric cancer patients, oncology clinicians may not understand the role of the chaplain, resulting in underutilization of resources and failure to fully integrate the chaplain into the clinical team. We provide a description of what the chaplain does in the care of pediatric oncology patients.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative content analysis of chaplain chart notes over a one‐year period on the pediatric oncology service at a freestanding children's hospital. Using criteria designed to capture multiple potential factors in chaplain referral, we selected 30 patients for thematic analysis.ResultsIn 2016, 166 pediatric patients were diagnosed with cancer and received ongoing care at our institution. From the 30 patients selected, 230 chaplain encounters were documented in the medical chart. Three major themes emerged. (1) The chaplains provided a rich description of spiritual and psychosocial aspects of the patient and family's experience; (2) chaplains provided diverse interventions, both religious and secular in nature; and (3) chaplains provided care within a longitudinal relationship. All three themes depend on the empathic listening by a chaplain.ConclusionsThe chaplains’ observations about patient and family beliefs, experiences, and emotional/spiritual states have the potential to inform the interdisciplinary care of the patient. Chaplain documentation provides insight into how spiritual care interventions and close relationships may promote patient and family well‐being. In future work, we will explore how to give voice to their insights in caring for pediatric oncology patients.
Proteomic Analysis of Dpy19l2‐Deficient Human Globozoospermia Reveals Multiple Molecular Defects
Authors: Guo Yueshuai , Jiang Jiayin , Zhang Haotian , Wen Yang , Zhang Hao , Cui Yiqiang , Tian Jianyu , Jiang Min , Liu Xiaofei , Wang Gaigai , Li Yan , Hu Zhibin , Zhou Zuomin , Sha Jiahao , Chen Daozhen , Yang Xiaoyu , Guo Xuejiang 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo investigate the differences in protein expression between Dpy19l2‐deficient human globozoospermia and normozoospermia.Experimental designHuman sperm samples from three globozoospermic donors with Dpy19l2 deletion and three normal controls are subjected to TMT quantitative technology. SPESP1, HIST1H4A, and LYZL1 are randomly selected for western blotting analysis. GO annotations are performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery.ResultsA total of 2567 proteins are identified, of which 2510 proteins are quantified, and 491 are differentially expressed (fold‐change > 2), with 370 upregulated and 121 downregulated in globozoospermic patients. The levels of several important proteins, including SPACA 1, IZUMO1, ZPBP1, and PLCZ1, are decreased in globozoospermic sperm. Bioinformatics analysis indicates the Dpy19l2‐deficient sperm presented molecular defects in acrosome, chromatin, sperm–egg interaction, and fertilization.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe present study is the first to analyze total globozoospermia with Dpy19l2 deletion using high‐throughput proteomics. This study may provide insights into the mechanism of globozoospermia.
Estimating the quality of optimal treatment regimes
Authors: Sies Aniek , Van Mechelen Iven 
Published: August 2019

When multiple treatment alternatives are available for a disease, an obvious question is which alternative is most effective for which patient. One may address this question by searching for optimal treatment regimes that specify for each individual the preferable treatment alternative based on that individual's baseline characteristics. When such a regime has been estimated, its quality (in terms of the expected outcome if it was used for treatment assignment of all patients in the population under study) is of obvious interest. Obtaining a good and reliable estimate of this quantity is a key challenge for which so far no satisfactory solution is available. In this paper, we consider for this purpose several estimators of the expected outcome in conjunction with several resampling methods. The latter have been evaluated before within the context of statistical learning to estimate the prediction error of estimated prediction rules. Yet, the results of these evaluations were equivocal, with different best performing methods in different studies, and with near‐zero and even negative correlations between true and estimated prediction errors. Moreover, for different reasons, it is not straightforward to extrapolate the findings of these studies to the context of optimal treatment regimes. To address these issues, we set up a new and comprehensive simulation study. In this study, combinations of different estimators with .632+ and out‐of‐bag bootstrap resampling methods performed best. In addition, the study shed a surprising new light on the previously reported problematic correlations between true and estimated prediction errors in the area of statistical learning.
A new inducible CRISPR‐Cas9 system useful for genome editing and study of double‐strand break repair in Candida glabrata
Authors: Maroc Laetitia , Fairhead Cécile 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the CRISPR‐Cas9 system has proven extremely useful for genome editing in many species, including the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeast species such as Candida glabrata. Inducible CRISPR‐Cas9 systems have the additional advantage of allowing to separate the transformation step of the organism by the CRISPR‐Cas9 system, from the cutting and repair steps. This has indeed been developed in S. cerevisiae, where most inducible expression systems rely on the GAL promoters. Unfortunately, C. glabrata is gal− and lacks the GAL genes, like many other yeast species. We report here the use of a vector expressing cas9 under the control of the MET3 promoter, with the guide RNA cloned into the same plasmid. We show that it can be used efficiently in C. glabrata, for both described outcomes of CRISPR‐Cas9‐induced chromosome breaks; nonhomologous end joining in the absence of a homologous repair template; and homologous recombination in the presence of such a template. This system therefore allows easy editing of the genome of C. glabrata, and its inducibility may allow identification of essential genes in this asexual yeast, where spore lethality cannot be observed, as well as the study of double‐strand break repair.
Improving ionic liquid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through heterologous expression and directed evolution of an ILT1 homolog from Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Reed Kevin B , Wagner James M , d’Oelsnitz Simon , Wiggers Joshua M , Alper Hal S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ionic liquids show promise for deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass prior to fermentation. Yet, imidazolium ionic liquids (IILs) can be toxic to microbes even at concentrations present after recovery. Here, we show that dominant overexpression of an Ilt1p homolog (encoded by YlILT1/YALI0C04884) from the IIL-tolerant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica confers an improvement in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to the endogenous Ilt1p (ScILT1/YDR090C). We subsequently enhance tolerance in S. cerevisiae through directed evolution of YlILT1 using growth-based selection, leading to identification of mutants that grow in up to 3.5% v/v ionic liquid. Lastly, we demonstrate that strains expressing YlILT1 variants demonstrate improved growth rate and ethanol production in the presence of residual IIL. This shows that dominant overexpression of a heterologous protein (wild type or evolved) from an IIL-tolerant yeast can increase tolerance in S. cerevisiae at concentrations relevant to bioethanol production from IIL-treated biomass.
Loving and knowing: reflections for an engaged epistemology
Authors: De Jaegher Hanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn search of our highest capacities, cognitive scientists aim to explain things like mathematics, language, and planning (and while explaining them, they often imagine computers at work). But are these really our most sophisticated forms of knowing? In this paper, I point to a different pinnacle of cognition. Our most sophisticatedhuman knowing, I think, lies in how we engage with each other, in our relating. Cognitive science and philosophy of mind have largely ignored the ways of knowing at play here. At the same time, the emphasis on discrete, rational knowing to the detriment of engaged, human knowing pervades societal practices and institutions, often with harmful effects on people and their relations. There are many reasons why we need a new, engaged—or even engaging—epistemology of human knowing. The enactive theory of participatory sense-making takes steps towards this, but it needs deepening. Kym Maclaren’s (2002) idea ofletting beinvites such a deepening. Characterizing knowing as a relationship ofletting beprovides a nuanced way to deal with the tensions between the knower’s being and the being of the known, as they meet in the process of knowing-and-being-known. This meeting of knower and known is not easy to understand. However, there is a mode of relating in which we know it well, and that is: in loving relationships. I propose to look at human knowing through the lens ofloving. We then see that both knowing and loving are existential, dialectic ways in which concrete and particular beings engage with each other.
Trends in Ambulatory Laminectomy in the USA and Key Factors Associated with Successful Same-Day Discharge: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Soffin Ellen M. , Beckman James D. , Beathe Jonathan C. , Girardi Federico P. , Liguori Gregory A. , Liu Jiabin 
Published: August 2019

Background Laminectomy is commonly used in the treatment of lumbar spine pathology. Laminectomies are increasingly being performed in outpatient settings, but patient safety concerns remain. Questions/Purposes We aimed to describe trends in outpatient lumbar laminectomy between 2008 and 2016 and to identify factors associated with successful same-day discharge. Methods We identified patients who underwent single-level lumbar laminectomy between 2008 and 2016 in the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and divided them into two groups according to their admission status, either inpatient or outpatient. Inpatient and outpatient groups were further divided according to actual length of stay (LOS): did not remain in the hospital overnight (LOS = 0) or stayed in the hospital overnight or longer (LOS ≥ 1). We then analyzed patient characteristics and complications for significance and to identify factors associated with successful same-day discharge. Results We identified 85, 769 patients, 41, 149 classified as outpatient status and 44, 620 as inpatient status. Between 2008 and 2016, the proportion of procedures performed on an outpatient basis increased from 24.1 to 56.74%. Overall, 27.3% of all patients were discharged on the day of surgery, representing 52.8% of outpatients and 3.8% of inpatients. Older age and longer duration of surgery predicted that patients were less likely to have same-day discharge. Patients with a primary diagnosis other than intervertebral disk disorder, Hispanic ethnic background, or an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of III were less likely to achieve same-day discharge. Patients under the care of orthopedic surgeons (as opposed to neurosurgeons) were more likely to be discharged on the day of surgery. We also found an association between sex and day of discharge, with female patients being less likely to be discharged on the day of surgery. Conclusions Laminectomy is increasingly being performed in the outpatient setting. Younger, healthier non-Hispanic male patients undergoing uncomplicated surgery have a higher likelihood of successful same-day discharge.
Single NIR Laser-Activated Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cascaded Photothermal and Oxygen-Independent Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Liu Yang , Fu Fei , Cheng Mingbo , Liu Yutong , Yu Licheng , Wang Wei , Wan Yeda , Yuan Zhi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT). Herein, Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles (NPs) are facilely developed to overcome these problems. Through a one-step method, free radical generator (AIPH) and phase transition material (lauric acid, LA, 44–46 °C) are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles (Bi2Se3 NPs). Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area, hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death, but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation, which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments. Moreover, Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography (CT) imaging capability, which is important for treating area determination. The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2% photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT, ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT, and 37.77 HU mL mg−1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality. Most importantly, the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT, PDT, and following immunotherapy is 99.6%, and even one tumor disappears completely, which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.
It's a war out there: why malicious hackers are beating businesses to the punch – and what we can do about it
Authors: Skelly Keenan 
Published: August 2019

We see, hear and read about it every day: hackers breaching defences, stealing data and exploiting companies’ vulnerabilities. We are no longer asking ‘what if I get hacked?’ – rather, we wonder ‘when will I get hacked?’. We cannot let our fear of being phished or infected with malware prevent us from doing our jobs to the best of our ability. Instead, we need to understand the cyber security landscape today – what kinds of hackers exist, how preventative methods like ethical hacking can backfire and how our interconnected culture will continue to contribute to hackers winning the ‘cyber war’ if we don't rethink our readiness approach, argues Keenan Skelly of Circadence.
Set-style yoghurts made from goat milk bases fortified with whey protein concentrates
Authors: Zoidou Evangelia , Theodorou Sofia , Moschopoulou Ekaterini , Sakkas Lambros , Theodorou Georgios , Chatzigeorgiou Artemi , Politis Ioannis , Moatsou Golfo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that the fortification of goat milk base with whey protein concentrate (WPC) could affect both the textural and the biofunctional properties of set-style yoghurt. The effect of fortification of goat milk base with two different WPCs on thermophilic bacteria counts, proteolysis, physical and biofunctional properties of set-style yoghurts was studied at specific sampling points throughout a 4-week storage period. Fortification and storage did not influence thermophilic counts. Physical properties were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by the composition of the protein and the mineral fraction of the WPC but not by the storage. ACE-inhibitory activity was moderate in accordance to low lactobacilli counts and lack of proteolysis. DPPH-radical scavenging activity, Fe2+-chelating activity and superoxide scavenging activity were high. At 28 d an anti-inflammatory effect was observed, which was not affected by WPC addition.
The effects of the pronoun me on dative comprehension
Authors: CONWELL Erin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe English dative alternation has received much attention in the literature on argument structure acquisition in children. However, the data on the acquisition of this alternation have consistently revealed a counter-intuitive pattern: children look more proficient with the lower frequency prepositional form of the dative than with the higher frequency double object form (Conwell & Demuth, 2007; Rowland & Noble, 2010). This may be because the DO dative typically occurs with pronominal argument types in first post-verbal position, which may result in an over-reliance on stereotyped forms (e.g., give + me) for early comprehension and production (Conwell, O'Donnell, & Snedeker, 2011). This paper presents three studies of the effects of the pronoun me on dative comprehension by three-year-olds. Children's comprehension of the DO dative improved significantly when the first post-verbal argument was pronominal; no other effects of pronoun use were significant. Children's experience affects their ability to use lexically general representations of syntactic structures.
Underestimating Internal Variability Leads to Narrow Estimates of Climate System Properties
Authors: Libardoni Alex G. , Forest Chris E. , Sokolov Andrei P. , Monier Erwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProbabilistic estimates of climate system properties often rely on the comparison of model simulations to observed temperature records and an estimate of the internal climate variability. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of probability distributions for climate system properties in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model to the internal variability estimate. In particular, we derive probability distributions using the internal variability extracted from 25 different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. We further test the sensitivity by pooling variability estimates from models with similar characteristics. We find the distributions to be highly sensitive when estimating the internal variability from a single model. When merging the variability estimates across multiple models, the distributions tend to converge to a wider distribution for all properties. This suggests that using a single model to approximate the internal climate variability produces distributions that are too narrow and do not fully represent the uncertainty in the climate system property estimates.
Effects of the Compositional Viscosity Ratio on the Long‐Term Evolution of Thermochemical Reservoirs in the Deep Mantle
Authors: Li Yang , Deschamps Frédéric , Yang Jianfeng , Chen Lin , Zhao Liang , Tackley Paul J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerical experiments of thermochemical mantle convection in 2‐D spherical annulus geometry are performed to investigate the effects of compositional viscosity ratio (ΔηC) on the long‐term evolution of reservoirs of dense, primordial material in the lowermost mantle of the Earth. The internal heating rate in the primordial material is larger than in the ambient mantle by a factor of 10, accounting for the fact that this material may be enriched in radiogenic elements. We find that if the chemical density contrast is large (128 kg/m3), ΔηC plays only a second‐order role on the long‐term stability of these reservoirs. As the chemical density contrast decreases to smaller values (90 kg/m3), ΔηC plays a more significant role. More specifically, when ΔηC is large, around 10 or larger, convection within the reservoirs of primordial material is less vigorous, which increases the temperature and thermal buoyancy of these structures. This, in turn, can eventually lead them to become unstable, with the majority of the primordial material being advected into the large‐scale mantle circulation.
Topographic Shelf Waves Control Seasonal Melting Near Antarctic Ice Shelf Grounding Lines
Authors: Sun Sainan , Hattermann Tore , Pattyn Frank , Nicholls Keith W. , Drews Reinhard , Berger Sophie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe buttressing potential of ice shelves is modulated by changes in subshelf melting, in response to changing ocean conditions. We analyze the temporal variability in subshelf melting using an autonomous phase‐sensitive radio‐echo sounder near the grounding line of the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf in East Antarctica. When combined with additional oceanographic evidence of seasonal variations in the stratification and the amplification of diurnal tides around the shelf break topography (Gunnerus Bank), the results suggest an intricate mechanism in which topographic waves control the seasonal melt rate variability near the grounding line. This mechanism has not been considered before and has the potential to enhance local melt rates without advecting different water masses. As topographic waves seem to strengthen in a stratified ocean, the freshening of Antarctic surface water, predicted by observations and models, is likely to increase future basal melting in this area.