bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Eye Movement Features of Motion Sickness Using Closed-Track Driving Experiments
Authors: Cao Yanlu , Jiang Maosong , Yao Zhuxi , Xia Shufeng , Liu Wenlong 
Published: December 2024

Objective To explore and validate effective eye movement features related to motion sickness (MS) through closed-track experiments and to provide valuable insights for practical applications. Background With the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs), MS has attracted more and more attention. Eye movements have great potential to evaluate the severity of MS as an objective quantitative indicator of vestibular function. Eye movement signals can be easily and noninvasively collected using a camera, which will not cause discomfort or disturbance to passengers, thus making it highly applicable. Method Eye movement data were collected from 72 participants susceptible to MS in closed-track driving environments. We extracted features including blink rate (BR), total number of fixations (TNF), total duration of fixations (TDF), mean duration of fixations (MDF), saccade amplitude (SA), saccade duration (SD), and number of nystagmus (NN). The statistical method and multivariate long short-term memory fully convolutional network (MLSTM-FCN) were used to validate the effectiveness of eye movement features. Results Significant differences were shown in the extracted eye movement features across different levels of MS through statistical analysis. The MLSTM-FCN model achieved an accuracy of 91.37% for MS detection and 88.51% for prediction in binary classification. For ternary classification, it achieved an accuracy of 80.54% for MS detection and 80.11% for prediction. Conclusion Evaluating MS through eye movements is effective. The MLSTM-FCN model based on eye movements can efficiently detect and predict MS. Application This work can be used to provide a possible indication and early warning for MS.
Measuring Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Scoping Review
Authors: Angel Lisa , Ailey Sarah H. , Delaney Kathleen R. , Mohr Lynn 
Published: December 2024

Background: Research indicates a high prevalence of depressive disorders in individuals with autism spectrums disorders (ASD), highlighting a need for depression screening in this population. Both depression screening tools used in the general population and tools developed specifically for individuals with ASD are used in the ASD population. Because depressive symptoms may manifest differently in individuals with ASD, it is important to establish the psychometric properties of depression instruments in individuals with ASD to determine whether and how these instruments can be applied in assessing these individuals. Objective: Our objective was to synthesize knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of (a) depression instruments developed for the general populations and (b) depression instruments developed specifically for individuals with ASD. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Covidence to identify, screen, and review available literature on the use and psychometric properties of generalized and ASD-specific depression instruments in individuals with ASD. Results: Results for both generalized and ASD-specific instruments indicated moderate psychometric strength, enough for these instruments to be potentially helpful in psychiatric assessments but not enough to be conclusive on their own. The data are limited by the small number of studies examining this population, that is, only 1 to 3 articles for each instrument, and the often-limited number of psychometric measurements taken in each study. Conclusions: As the prevalence of depression in individuals with ASD is high, reliable and valid measures are needed. Current research shows some support for existing instruments, although additional, more robust research is needed.
Validation of the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework: An illustration using physiotherapy
Authors: Mocke Marieke , Unger Marianne , Hanekom Susan 
Published: December 2024

Objective The World Health Organization's Rehabilitation 2030 initiative represents a new strategic direction for the worldwide rehabilitation community and their Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF) was designed to describe the requirements of a rehabilitation workforce. This study aimed to identify and review global physiotherapy competencies and explore their congruence with the WHO-RCF. Design A document review and thematic analysis were conducted on competency documents sourced from World Physiotherapy member countries. Methods A three-pronged search strategy was used to identify physiotherapy competencies in all World Physiotherapy members that were listed on their website at the time of the study. All competency statements identified were sorted using the definitions of the five domains of the WHO-RCF. A desktop inductive thematic analysis of competencies was conducted to derive a conceptual framework for future competency framework development. Results Two thousand and one competency statements were extracted from 20 documents, all accommodated within the WHO-RCF. From the dataset, a conceptual framework was developed consisting of 17 themes and 59 sub-themes across five domains. Technological competence, entrepreneurship and broader competencies to advance the social justice agenda were identified as gaps. Conclusion To promote homogeneity, it is recommended that all rehabilitation professionals utilise a similar methodology using the WHO-RCF to develop future frameworks that are contextually relevant. Competencies needed for change in support of equitable access and better health for all should be included.
Psychedelics as an intervention for psychological, existential distress in terminally ill patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Marchi Mattia , Farina Riccardo , Rachedi Karim , Laonigro Francesca , Žuljević Marija Franka , Pingani Luca , Ferrari Silvia , Somers Metten , Boks Marco P. M. , Galeazzi Gian M. 
Published: December 2024

Background: The interest in psychedelics as a therapeutic intervention for existential distress of people with terminal illness grounds on their mechanism of action and effect on the spiritual/existential aspects accompanying end-of-life experiences. Aims: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at examining the efficacy and safety of psychedelic compounds for existential distress in terminally ill people. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering psychedelics for existential distress in people with terminal illnesses. Meta-analysis estimated the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), between treated and control groups in pairwise and network comparisons, using random-effects models. Post-treatment measures of depression and anxiety, as proxies of existential distress, and tolerability were the primary outcomes. Results: Nine studies, involving 606 participants (362 treated with psychedelics: psilocybin, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)) were included. The meta-analysis supported the efficacy of psychedelics on depression (SMD: −0.80 (95% CI: −0.98, −0.63)) and anxiety (SMD: −0.84 (95% CI: −1.20, −0.48)). Network meta-analysis identified psilocybin as the most effective compound for depression, and LSD for anxiety. However, head-to-head comparison between psychedelics did not reach statistical significance. The rates of treatment discontinuation and adverse events between psychedelics and controls were comparable. Conclusions: Psychedelics, especially psilocybins and LSD, showed promising effects on depression and anxiety in people with terminal illnesses. Limitations include the small number of RCTs, methodological issues related to blinding, and the lack of direct comparisons between psychedelic compounds. Larger studies and comparative research are needed to consolidate these findings.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotic therapy compared to antipsychotic monotherapy at standard doses in schizophrenia – a systematic review
Authors: Lawrence Christopher , Roberts Chloe , Galides Chloe , Chamberlain Samuel R , Hou Ruihua 
Published: December 2024

Background: Schizophrenia is considered to have a lifetime prevalence of around 1%. Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are subsequently categorised as treatment resistant. Current guidelines advise against the use of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) or high-dose antipsychotic therapy (HDAT) in the treatment of schizophrenia; however, these treatment approaches continue to be used in up to 25% of cases. Aims: This review was to evaluate the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of APP and HDAT as an alternative to antipsychotic monotherapy at standard doses in the treatment of schizophrenia. Methods: This is a systematic review. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO, for eligible trials published prior to 24 March 2023. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023408785). Quality assessment was conducted using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. Two studies demonstrated clinically significant improvement with APP compared to standard treatment. There was no clear evidence that APP or HDAT is definitively less tolerable than antipsychotic monotherapy at a standard dose. Conclusions: This review found limited evidence for the efficacy of APP and HDAT in the treatment of schizophrenia over the use of antipsychotic monotherapy at a standard dose. The relative tolerability was unclear. Management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia remains a prominent clinical issue and further research, including high-quality large-scale Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) of APP and HDAT in patients who have been unresponsive to clozapine, would be of significant benefit to the field of psychiatry.
[18F]SF51, a novel 18F-labeled PET radioligand for translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) in brain, works well in monkeys but fails in humans
Authors: Yan Xuefeng , Siméon Fabrice G , Liow Jeih-San , Morse Cheryl L , Jana Susovan , Montero Santamaria Jose A , Jenkins Madeline , Zoghbi Sami S , Pike Victor W , Innis Robert B , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo 
Published: December 2024

[18F]SF51 is a novel radioligand for imaging translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) that previously displayed excellent imaging properties in nonhuman primates. This study assessed its performance in human brain and its dosimetry. Seven healthy participants underwent brain PET imaging to measure TSPO binding using a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) to calculate total distribution volume ( VT). This cohort included two high-affinity binders (HABs), three mixed-affinity binders (MABs), and two low-affinity binders (LABs). Two other participants received whole-body scans to assess radiation exposure. Peak brain radioactivity reached a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 1.4 at 3 minutes post-injection, diminishing to 30% of peak by 120 minutes. The average VT for all genotype groups was notably low (<1 mL·cm−3), emphasizing the radioligand’s poor binding in brain. [18F]SF51 remained sensitive to the TSPO polymorphism in vivo, as shown by a two-fold difference in VT between HABs and LABs. VT stabilization by 80 minutes post-injection suggested minimal radiometabolite accumulation in brain. The average effective dose was 13.8 ± 0.9 µSv/MBq. Contrary to previously published animal data, [18F]SF51 showed low binding to human TSPO, with uptake remaining influenced by the rs6971 polymorphism. These findings highlight the challenges of developing TSPO radioligands and underscore the significant species differences that may influence translational outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05564429; registered 10/03/2022
Evaluation of a combined model of Polygenic Risk Score and mismatch repair genes in the association of colorectal cancer for Norwegian cohort
Authors: Akdeniz Bayram C. , Morris Andrew H. , Møller Pål , Andreassen Ole , Hovig Eivind , Dominguez-Valentin Mev 
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Recent studies have shown that combining polygenic risk score (PRS) and carrier status for germline pathogenic variants in colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility genes (e.g. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) may increase the success of predicting CRC. This study aims to examine the prediction performance of CRC in Norwegian data using the status of pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes with the available PRS models in the literature. Methods: Our Norwegian cohort included 805 CRC cases, 86 of which carried a pathogenic variant in one of the MMR genes. As a control group, we included 8856 individuals without a cancer diagnosis, of which 179 were carriers for a pathogenic MMR variant. We first conducted a broad experiment to determine the best-performing PRS model for the Norwegian cohort. Afterwards, we established a combined analysis with the PRS model and the status of MMR genes. Results: Among 10 PRS models tested, the best-performing PRS model for the Norwegian cohort included 204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (AUC=0.604). We also observed that the combined model of PRS and the status of MMR significantly improved the prediction performance. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a combined model of a PRS and the status of MMR genes improves the prediction performance of CRC in Norwegian data.
Retention in care among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a low-resource setting
Authors: Cordie Ahmed , Mohamed Rahma , Hatem Ammar , Essam Mahmoud , Shaltout Shaker Wagih , El Garhy Naeema , Al Sehemy Lamiaa , Sherif Mirella , Awad Reham Awad , Abdelraouf Mariam Ismail , Al-sharif Aya M. , Ramadan Ahmed , Hassany Sahar , El Khateeb Engy , Sayed Amal M. , Masoud Zainab Wafik Zakaria , Hamza Rania Soliman , Tamim Hend Hamed , Eldin Hamdy Mona Salah , Esmat Gamal , Karam-Allah Ramadan Haidi 
Published: December 2024

Background This study aimed to evaluate the retention in care among a cohort of Egyptian people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Method The study was conducted on PLWHIV attending Kasr Alainy HIV and Viral Hepatitis Centre, Cairo, Egypt, from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2023. PLWHIV were considered not retained in care if there was no documented clinical visit or HIV viral load (VL) or CD4 count test for more than 6 months from their last recorded visit or test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test factors associated with retention in care. Results After excluding those who died and were referred, 369 PLWHIV were included in the analysis, and retention in care was observed in 325 (88%). The majority were males (81.8%) with a median age of 34 [29-41] years. Undetectable VL (OR: 3.555; 95% CI: 1.49-8.47), hepatitis B vaccination (OR: 2.835; 95% CI: 1.07-7.48), CD4 test availability (OR: 2.604; 95% CI: 1.02-6.64), receiving dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy (OR: 2.429; 95% CI: 1.06-5.537), and longer duration of know HIV infection (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.01- 1.04) were correlated with retention in care. Surprisingly, higher education levels were negatively correlated with retention in care (OR: 0.195, 95%: CI: 0.071-0.533), suggesting the need for further research to explore this relationship. Conclusion These results are invaluable for developing targeted interventions and informing health policies to improve retention in HIV care in Egypt. Enhancing access to VL and CD4 testing, promoting VL suppression, and focusing on specific groups at risk of dropping out of care are essential strategies.
Preparation and performance analysis of zinc-iron-based nanomaterials for targeted transport
Authors: Cheng Wenwen , Zhang Jin , Lin Na , Yuan Ding , Zhang Shuai , Yang Zhonggang , Cao Tianyi 
Published: December 2024

Background Nanomaterials have applications in traditional Chinese medicine in the fields of medical equipment manufacturing, targeted transportation, and drug synergistic therapy. Objective The research aims to discuss the performance and performance of zinc-iron-based nanomaterials in medical drug delivery and synergistic drug therapy. Methods Using Prussian materials as precursors, magnetic zinc-iron nanomaterials were prepared by ZnCl2 and K3[Fe (CN)6]. Moreover, the morphology and composition of the material were analyzed. Results X-ray analysis was conducted on the prepared Zn3[Fe (CN)6]2·xH2O nanomaterials, and their purity met the design requirements. At the same time, drug loading analysis was conducted on Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O, and the release of capsaicin reached 86.3% under a certain phosphate buffer solution. Meanwhile, Zn3[Fe (CN)6]2·xH2O loaded tetracycline could release up to 90% in phosphate buffer solution. Antibacterial tests were conducted on self-made Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O samples and ZnFe2O4/ZnO. The Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O samples showed a more significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells after loading with capsaicin. Conclusion The zinc-iron-based nanomaterials prepared by the research have excellent performance in drug loading and safety, indicating their significant potential for development in the medical field.
Factors Associated With Receipt of Tobacco Treatment Integrated With Nurse Navigation in a Centralized Lung Cancer Screening Program at an Urban Academic Medical Center
Authors: Shusted Christine S. , Mukhtar Sarah , Lee James , Ruane Brooke , Muse Emily , Emeigh-McBride Lawrence , Gatson-Anderson Eboni , Kane Gregory C. , Wen Kuang-Yi , Juon Hee-Soon , Barta Julie A. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Optimal approaches for tobacco treatment counseling among individuals who currently smoke and are undergoing shared decision-making (SDM) and lung cancer screening (LCS) are unknown. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the rate of reported interest in tobacco treatment counseling and pharmacotherapy among individuals who currently smoke and are receiving integrated nurse navigation for LCS and tobacco treatment in a centralized LCS Program. Methods We identified individuals undergoing SDM through our centralized LCS Program between March 2021 and March 2022. The LCS Program tobacco treatment protocol includes counseling both in-person and via telephone during SDM, LCS results review, and an optional 4-week follow-up. Sociodemographic and clinical data for currently smoking individuals participating in LCS were extracted from the LCS Registry. Results Among 1034 individuals undergoing LCS through the centralized program, 605 were currently smoking and comprised the study cohort. Nearly half (49.8%) reported interest in tobacco treatment counseling and pharmacotherapy and received a personalized treatment plan. On multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with expressing interest in treatment included African-American/Black race, higher educational attainment, and returning visit type. Among the 301 individuals expressing interest in tobacco treatment, 35 (11.6%) had documentation of self-reported smoking cessation in the electronic health record. Successful smoking cessation for any length of time was significantly associated with receiving at least one longitudinal tobacco cessation counseling telephone call. Conclusions In a centralized LCS Program offering tobacco treatment integrated with screening services, race, education, and visit type were significantly associated with expressing interest in tobacco treatment counseling and pharmacotherapy, while longitudinal tobacco counseling telephone calls were associated with smoking cessation. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test whether this integrated strategy leads to LCS- and tobacco-related outcomes.
Early experience with the Aristotle Colossus 0.035’ macrowire for mechanical thrombectomy in 30 consecutive cases
Authors: Zarrin David A , Laghari Fahad J , Campos Jessica K , Meyer Benjamen M , Khan Muhammad W , Collard de Beaufort Jonathan , Amin Gizal , Beaty Narlin B , Bender Matthew T , Suzuki Shuichi , Colby Geoffrey P , Coon Alexander L 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Recent literature continues to demonstrate the successful role of large-bore aspiration catheters in thrombus ingestion during mechanical thrombectomy. However catheter-to-microwire step-off and distal navigation are ongoing challenges in thrombectomy. A new to market 0.035’ macrowire (Aristotle 35 Colossus Guidewire, Scientia Vascular, West Vale City, UT) may address such challenges. We report here our early experience in 30 mechanical thrombectomy cases. Materials and Methods We analyzed a prospectively maintained database of the senior authors to identify cases utilizing a 0.035’ macrowire with 0.035’ aspiration catheters for mechanical thrombectomy. Results Thirty consecutive cases were identified. Seventeen (57%) patients were female with an average age of 75.3 ± 2.2 years (range 55–97). Average presenting NIHSS was 13.0 ± 1.7. Thrombus locations included 7% ( n = 2) in the cervical ICA, 47% ( n = 14) in the M1, 43% ( n = 13) in the M2, and 3% ( n = 1) in the P1. An 088’ ID aspiration catheter was navigated to at least the M1 segment in all anterior circulation cases and the basilar in the posterior circulation case. The 0.035’ macrowire was placed proximal to the occlusion in all cases allowing coaxial 035’ and 071’ catheter aspiration passes. TICI 2C/3 was achieved in 87% of cases ( n = 26) and TICI 2B in the remaining cases. There were no wire-related perforations or vessel dissections. Conclusion The Colossus 0.035’ macrowire may offer advantages over its smaller counterparts by reducing ledge effect and the need to cross the thrombus. Further comparative studies against currently available microwires in various anatomies are warranted.
Stent retriever expansion as a corrective maneuver to optimize inadequately deployed flow diverter stents
Authors: Khanafer A , Almohammad M , von Gottberg P , Hajiyev K , Kemmling A , Forsting M , Henkes H 
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose As flow diversion (FD) is becoming increasingly important in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the rate of technical complications is also increasing. Inadequate FD implantation may lead to both ischemic complications and decreased treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of off-label stent retriever (SR) use in managing technical complications associated with FD implantation. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent FD treatment at two neuroradiology centers was performed. The objective was to identify cases in which the FD was inadequately deployed and SR expansion was performed as a corrective maneuver. The analysis included anatomic characteristics, technical information, angiographic and clinical outcomes, and complications. Results A total of 35 corrective maneuvers with SR were performed in 25 FD treatments. The corrective maneuvers in all treatments were successful, and no additional devices or therapies were required. No procedural complications or technical difficulties were documented. Conclusion With the growing role of FDs in neurointerventional treatment, familiarity with corrective maneuvers after technical complications or inadequate implantation is important. The findings in our selected cohort demonstrated that SR expansion is an effective and safe corrective maneuver for incompletely opened FDs.