bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six‐year follow‐up of the initial Dutch subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator cohort: Long‐term complications, replacements, and battery longevity
Authors: Quast Anne‐Floor B. E. , van Dijk Vincent F. , Yap Sing‐Chien , Maass Alexander H. , Boersma Lucas V. A. , Theuns Dominic A. , Knops Reinoud E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionExperience with the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) is expanding rapidly. However, data on long‐term performance or complications related to elective generator replacement are lacking.MethodsFollow‐up (FU) data of all patients implanted between December 2008 and April 2011 were collected. Complications were defined as those requiring surgical intervention. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for complication and shock rates, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen patients were included. Median FU was 6.1 years (IQR 5.6–6.5 years). Short‐term complication rate (0–30 days) was 3% (CI 0–6%). Long‐term complication rate at 6 years was 19% (CI 12–26%), corresponding with an annual complication rate of 3%. One patient in this cohort developed a need for a transvenous ICD (TV‐ICD) in order to provide pacing for bradycardia (1%). Six patients were implanted with a TV‐ICD after experiencing an S‐ICD complication for which extraction was necessary. In total, 10 S‐ICDs were extracted; none resulted in a complication. Eight patients had a nonsystemic ICD‐related infection and no lead failures were observed. The majority, 68 (58%) patients, received an elective generator replacement. Two patients had a complication related to generator replacement (3%). Battery longevity was 5.6 years (IQR 5.2–6.1). Appropriate and inappropriate shock rates of 6‐year estimates were 17% (CI 9–25%) and 21% (CI 15–27%), respectively.ConclusionsThis cohort represents the longest follow‐up to date and shows a low annual complication rate without lead failures or systemic infections. Battery longevity of the first S‐ICD generation results in relative early generator replacement procedures.
The personalities of Danish MPs: Trait‐ and aspect‐level differences
Authors: Nørgaard Asbjørn Sonne , Klemmensen Robert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe study personality traits of Danish parliamentarians (MPs) and examine elite–voter congruence and elite differentiation. Whereas previous political elite studies have focused only on the Big Five level, we include aspect‐level differences.MethodIn a highly representative survey of Danish MPs (N = 81; response rate = 46.3%) and a representative study of Danish voters (N = 3,612), we used the 60‐item NEO‐PI‐R short version to examine personality differences on the Big Five level and, based on the NEO‐BFAS, the aspect level.ResultsMPs were more extraverted, conscientious, and open than the average voter. On the elite level, liberal MPs were more agreeable and, on the aspect level, more compassionate but not more polite than conservative MPs. MPs in center parties had stronger power aspirations and were less agreeable and more extraverted than MPs in peripheral parties. On the aspect level, MPs in center parties were more assertive and enthusiastic and less polite. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were associated with power aspiration, but Extraversion was not because the assertiveness effect was suppressed by a non‐effect for enthusiasm.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the aspect level explains null findings at the Big Five level and adds important nuances to the personality portrait of political elites.
Toward understanding the relationship between personality and well‐being states and traits
Authors: Magee Carly , Biesanz Jeremy C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is a robust connection between dispositional personality traits and well‐being, relatively little research has comprehensively examined the ways in which all Big Five personality states are associated with short‐term experiences of well‐being within individuals. We address three central questions about the nature of the relationship between personality and well‐being states: First, to what extent do personality and well‐being states covary within individuals? Second, to what extent do personality and well‐being states influence one another within individuals? Finally, are these within‐person relationships moderated by dispositional personality traits and well‐being?MethodTwo experience sampling studies (N = 161 and N = 146) were conducted over 2 weeks.ResultsAcross both studies, all Big Five personality states were correlated with short‐term experiences of well‐being within individuals. Individuals were more extraverted, emotionally stable, conscientious, agreeable, and open in moments when they experienced higher well‐being (greater self‐esteem, life satisfaction and positive affect, and less negative affect). Moreover, personality and well‐being states dynamically influenced one another over time within individuals, and these associations were not generally moderated by dispositional traits or well‐being.ConclusionsBehavior and well‐being are interconnected within the context of the Big Five model of personality.
A neuroscientific perspective on basic psychological needs
Authors: Reeve Johnmarshall , Lee Woogul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐determination theory's (SDT) most basic propositions are, first, that all people possess an inherent set of psychological needs and, second, that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are the three critical psychological satisfactions needed to maintain and promote personal growth and well‐being. In this article, we identify the neural basis of the psychological needs and, in doing so, seek to advance the integration of SDT and neuroscience.MethodWe examine the neural underpinnings of SDT‐based motivational states and traits for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. To study motivational states, participants are exposed to situational conditions known to affect their psychological needs, and neuroscience methods (e.g., fMRI) are used to examine changes in their brain activity. To study motivational traits, participants complete self‐report trait measures that are then correlated with their brain activity observed during need‐satisfying activities.ResultsFor both motivational states and traits and across all three needs, intrinsic satisfaction is associated with striatum‐based reward processing, anterior insula–based subjective feelings, and the integration of these subjective feelings with reward‐based processing.ConclusionsPsychological need satisfaction is associated with striatum activity, anterior insula activity, and the functional coactivation between these two brain areas. Given these findings, it is now clear that several opportunities exist to integrate SDT motivational constructs with neuroscientific study, so we suggest eight new questions for future research.
Sexual dimorphism of substrate utilization: Differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and function
Authors: Montero David , Madsen Klavs , Meinild‐Lundby Anne‐Kristine , Edin Fredrik , Lundby Carsten 
Published: April 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Females rely to a greater extent than males on fat oxidation during exercise. Whether any difference in skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype and oxidative capacity contributes to this sexual dimorphism remains incompletely explored.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Female prioritization of fat during exercise occurs in parallel to augmented mitochondrial volume density and intrinsic fatty acid and lactate oxidation in skeletal muscle fibres compared with males, independently of aerobic exercise capacity. The enlarged metabolic machinery in skeletal muscle of females is associated with lower body size and leg mass.

AbstractFat oxidation during exercise is greater in females than in males. We sought to determine whether sex differences in substrate metabolism are paralleled by distinct skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and oxidative capacity. Whole‐body substrate (fat and carbohydrate) utilization during submaximal treadmill running was assessed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to determine mitochondrial volume density and function in healthy young females (n = 12) and males (n = 12) matched by aerobic exercise capacity and exercise performance. Females presented a lower respiratory exchange ratio (0.87 ± 0.04 versus 0.91 ± 0.04, P = 0.023) and whole‐body carbohydrate oxidation (27.8 ± 8.3 versus 35.8 ± 6.5 mg kg−1 min−1, P = 0.027), whereas fat oxidation was higher (8.7 ± 2.8 versus 5.9 ± 2.6 mg kg−1 min−1, P = 0.034) during submaximal exercise compared with males. In skeletal muscle biopsies, females demonstrated augmented mitochondrial volume density (7.51 ± 1.77 versus 5.90 ± 1.72%, P = 0.035) and oxidative capacity for fatty acid [36.6 ± 12.8 versus 24.5 ± 7.3 pmol O2 s−1 (mg wet weight)−1, P = 0.009] and lactate [71.1 ± 24.4 versus 53.2 ± 14.6 pmol O2 s−1 (mg wet weight)−1, P = 0.040]. No sex differences in respiratory exchange ratio, whole‐body fat oxidation and skeletal muscle variables were detected when adjusted for anthropometric variables including body mass or leg mass, which were lower in females. In conclusion, female prioritization of fat over carbohydrate oxidation during exercise is underpinned by augmented body size‐related mitochondrial volume density, fatty acid and lactate oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle fibres.
The importance of intestinal ultrasound and elastographic techniques in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Marin Andreea , Tribus Laura , Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Carmen 
Published: April 2018

Inflammatory bowel diseases have an important impact upon the economic and social status due to their increasing incidence and prevalence, often affecting young people. At the moment, the therapeutic goal goes beyond the improvement of symptoms and laboratory parameters, being represented by endoscopic mucosal healing, changing the disease’s natural history. Even though endoscopy is the gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing, it is an invasive maneuver and it lacks good repeatability. These patients require frequent evaluation; therefore, interest for noninvasive techniques has risen.As a consequence, the importance of intestinal ultrasound has increased lately and recent studies support its use to assess the degree of inflammation, to differentiate between remission and relapse, to monitor therapy response and guide treatment, to evaluate prognosis, and to diagnose complications. Another promising noninvasive imagistic technique is elastography which has gained interest because of its capacity to discriminate between inflammatory and fibrotic tissue, taking into account the different therapeutic options for the fibrotic strictures compared to inflammatory processes. This review summarizes the actual recommendations regarding the use of intestinal ultrasound and elastographic techniques for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel diseases.
A Novel Polyaminocarboxylate Compound To Treat Murine Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Interfering with Zinc Metabolism
Authors: Laskaris Paris , Vicentefranqueira Rocío , Helynck Olivier , Jouvion Grégory , Calera José Antonio , du Merle Laurence , Suzenet Franck , Buron Frédéric , de Sousa Rodolphe Alves , Mansuy Daniel , Cavaillon Jean-Marc , Latgé Jean-Paul , Munier-Lehmann Hélène , Ibrahim-Granet Oumaima 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
can cause pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients and is associated with a high mortality rate due to a lack of reliable treatment options. This opportunistic pathogen requires zinc in order to grow and cause disease. Novel compounds that interfere with fungal zinc metabolism may therefore be of therapeutic interest. We screened chemical libraries containing 59,223 small molecules using a resazurin assay that compared their effects on an
A. fumigatus
wild-type strain grown under zinc-limiting conditions and on a zinc transporter knockout strain grown under zinc-replete conditions to identify compounds affecting zinc metabolism. After a first screen, 116 molecules were selected whose inhibitory effects on fungal growth were further tested by using luminescence assays and hyphal length measurements to confirm their activity, as well as by toxicity assays on HeLa cells and mice. Six compounds were selected following a rescreening, of which two were pyrazolones, two were porphyrins, and two were polyaminocarboxylates. All three groups showed good
in vitro
activity, but only one of the polyaminocarboxylates was able to significantly improve the survival of immunosuppressed mice suffering from pulmonary aspergillosis. This two-tier screening approach led us to the identification of a novel small molecule with
in vivo
fungicidal effects and low murine toxicity that may lead to the development of new treatment options for fungal infections by administration of this compound either as a monotherapy or as part of a combination therapy.
Mechanisms of Mineral Substrate Acquisition in a Thermoacidophile
Authors: Amenabar Maximiliano J. , Boyd Eric S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The thermoacidophile
Acidianus
is widely distributed in Yellowstone National Park hot springs that span large gradients in pH (1.60 to 4.84), temperature (42 to 90°C), and mineralogical composition. To characterize the potential role of flexibility in mineral-dependent energy metabolism in contributing to the widespread ecological distribution of this organism, we characterized the spectrum of minerals capable of supporting metabolism and the mechanisms that it uses to access these minerals. The energy metabolism of
Acidianus
strain DS80 was supported by elemental sulfur (S
0
), a variety of iron (hydr)oxides, and arsenic sulfide. Strain DS80 reduced, oxidized, and disproportionated S
0
. Cells growing via S
0
reduction and disproportionation did not require direct access to the mineral to reduce it, whereas cells growing via S
0
oxidation did require direct access, observations that are attributable to the role of H
2
S produced by S
0
reduction/disproportionation in solubilizing and increasing the bioavailability of S
0
. Cells growing via iron (hydr)oxide reduction did not require access to the mineral, suggesting that the cells reduce Fe(III) that is being leached by the acidic growth medium. Cells growing via oxidation of arsenic sulfide with Fe(III) did not require access to the mineral to grow. The stoichiometry of reactants to products indicates that cells oxidize soluble As(III) released from oxidation of arsenic sulfide by aqueous Fe(III). Taken together, these observations underscore the importance of feedbacks between abiotic and biotic reactions in influencing the bioavailability of mineral substrates and defining ecological niches capable of supporting microbial metabolism.

IMPORTANCE
Mineral sources of electron donor and acceptor that support microbial metabolism are abundant in the natural environment. However, the spectrum of minerals capable of supporting a given microbial strain and the mechanisms that are used to access these minerals in support of microbial energy metabolism are often unknown, in particular among thermoacidophiles. Here, we show that the thermoacidophile
Acidianus
strain DS80 is adapted to use a variety of iron (hydro)oxide minerals, elemental sulfur, and arsenic sulfide to support growth. Cells rely on a complex interplay of abiologically and biologically catalyzed reactions that increase the solubility or bioavailability of minerals, thereby enabling their use in microbial metabolism.
Social relationships and GP use of middle-aged and older adults in Europe: a moderator analysis
Authors: Bremer Daniel , Lüdecke Daniel , Vonneilich Nico , von dem Knesebeck Olaf 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThis paper investigates (1) how social relationships (SRs) relate to the frequency of general practitioner (GP) visits among middle-aged and older adults in Europe, (2) if SRs moderate the association between self-rated health and GP visits, and (3) how the associations vary regarding employment status.MethodsData stem from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project (wave 4, 56 989 respondents, 50 years or older). GP use was assessed by frequency of contacts with GPs in the last 12 months. Predictors were self-rated health and structural (Social Integration Index (SII), social contact frequency) and functional (emotional closeness) aspects of SR. Regressions were used to measure the associations between GP use and those predictors. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were used as covariates. Additional models were computed with interactions.ResultsAnalyses did not reveal significant associations of functional and structural aspects of SR with frequency of GP visits (SII: incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.01, social contact frequency: IRR=1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07, emotional closeness: IRR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04). Moderator analyses showed that ‘high social contact frequency people’ with better health had more statistically significant GP visits than ‘low social contact frequency people’ with better health. Furthermore, people with poor health and an emotionally close network showed a significantly higher number of GP visits compared with people with same health, but less close networks. Three-way interaction analyses indicated employment status specific behavioural patterns with regard to SR and GP use, but coefficients were mostly not significant. All in all, the not employed groups showed a higher number of GP visits.ConclusionsDifferent indicators of SR showed statistically insignificantly associations with GP visits. Consequently, the relevance of SR may be rated rather low in quantitative terms for investigating GP use behaviour of middle-aged and older adults in Europe. Nevertheless, investigating the two-way and three-way interactions indicated potential inequalities in GP use due to different characteristics of SR accounting for health and employment status.
Descriptive epidemiology of changes in weight and weight-related behaviours of Australian children aged 5 years: two population-based cross-sectional studies in 2010 and 2015
Authors: Hardy Louise L , Baur Louise A , Wen Li Ming , Garnett Sarah P , Mihrshahi Seema 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveOver the past 10–15 years there has been substantial investment in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to reduce child obesity through interventions in children aged 0–5 years. We report changes in weight and weight-related behaviours of 5-year-old children.DesignCross-sectional surveys conducted in 2010 and 2015.SettingNSW schools (2010 n=44; 2015 n=41)ParticipantsAustralian children in kindergarten (2010 n=1141 and 2015 n=1150).Outcome measuresChange in anthropometry and indicators of diet, screen time, school travel and awareness of health recommendations. Additionally, we examined 2015 differences in weight-related behaviours by sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsPrevalence of overweight/obesity was 2.1% lower (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.04) and abdominal obesity 1.7% higher (AOR 1.35, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.98) in 2015 than 2010. Significant improvements in multiple weight-related behaviours were observed among children in the highest tertile of junk food consumption (AOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.80), rewarded for good behaviour with sweets (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.74) and had a TV in their bedroom (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.96). In 2015, children from low socioeconomic neighbourhoods and non-English-speaking backgrounds were generally less likely to engage in healthy weight-related behaviours than children from high socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and from English-speaking backgrounds. Children in these demographic groups were less likely to eat breakfast daily, have high junk food intake and eat fast food regularly. Children from rural areas tended to have healthier weight-related behaviours than children from urban areas.ConclusionsThere were significant positive changes in 5-year-old children’s weight-related behaviours but children from low socioeconomic neighbourhoods and from non-English-speaking backgrounds were more likely to engage in unhealthy weight-related behaviours than children from high socioeconomic neighbourhoods and English-speaking backgrounds. The findings indicate that there is a need to enhance population-level efforts and ensure community programmes are targeted and tailored to meet different subpopulation needs.
Cause-specific sickness absence trends by occupational class and industrial sector in the context of recent labour market changes: a Finnish panel data study
Authors: Leinonen Taina , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Husgafvel-Pursiainen Kirsti , Solovieva Svetlana 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to provide previously unestablished information on population-based differences in cause-specific sickness absence trends between occupational classes and further between four large industrial sectors within the different occupational classes while controlling for other socioeconomic factors and employment patterns. We focused on the period 2005–2013, during which the labour market underwent large economic and structural changes in many countries.DesignRegister-based panel data study.SettingLarge representative datasets on Finnish wage earners aged 25–59 years.Outcome measureAnnual risk of sickness absence (>10 working days) based on repeated logistic regression.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2013, the proportion of employees with sickness absence decreased. Occupational class differences in sickness absence trends varied by disease group. Overall, the decrease in absences was smallest among lower non-manual employees. Sickness absence levels were highest in the health and social work sector and in the manufacturing sector within the non-manual and manual classes, respectively. Absences due to musculoskeletal diseases decreased temporarily during the peak of the economic recession in 2009, particularly in the manufacturing sector within the manual class. The decrease in absences due to musculoskeletal diseases was smallest in the trade sector within the lower occupational classes. Overall, education, income and employment patterns partly explained the differences in the absence levels, but not in the trends.ConclusionsWe found a complex interplay between the associations of occupational class and industrial sector with sickness absence trends. During the economic recession, absences due to musculoskeletal diseases decreased temporarily in a segment of wage earners who were known to have been hit hard by the recession. However, the trend differences were not explained by the measured structural changes in the characteristics of the study population. Both occupational class and industrial sector should be taken into account when tackling problems of work disability.