bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tradisi Ritual Kupatan Jalasutra Di Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Nurcahyo R. Jati , Yulianto Yulianto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract - In the cultural perspective, the society in Jalasutra village, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta has auniqueness. The substance lies on the belief system, traditional custom and culture which are reflected in various traditional ceremonies. The research about society ritual and belief in Jalasutra, Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta is motivated by the fact that the meaning and value of this remarkable ritual in a society is very important. Ritual and belief are the demands of life that can shape the society behavior. They are parts of tradition and custom exist in the lives of society. Objectively, the description of culture system in Jalasutra society is a positive contribution to strengthen the identity and personality to reach the national integrity and increase the tourism industry in Indonesia. Keywords : Tradition, Kupatan Jalasutra Ritual Ceremony Abstrak - Dalam perspektif kultural masyarakat di desa Jalasutra, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta mempunyai keunikan. Substansinya terletak pada sistem kepercayaan, adat tradisi dan budaya yang terungkap dalam berbagai penyelenggaraan upacara tradisional. Penelitian tentang bentuk ritual dan kepercayaan masyarakat di Jalasutra, Srimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta terdorong oleh suatu kenyataan akan pentingnya arti dan makna sebuah ritual yang sangat langka dalam suatu kehidupan masyarakat. Ritual dan kepercayaan merupakan suatu tuntutan kehidupan guna menentukan perilaku yang sudah menjadi bagian dari adat tradisi dan membudaya di masyarakat. Secara obyektif, deskripsi tentang sistem budaya dikalangan masyarakat Jalasutra tersebut merupakan kontribusi positif untuk upaya memperkokoh jatidiri dan kepribadian masyarakat menuju tercapainya integritas bangsa dan dunia kepariwisataan di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Tradisi, Upacara Ritual Kupatan Jalasutra
The Significance of Wilhelm Reich’s Work for the Study of the Child and the Family
Authors: Grønseth Erik 
Published: October 2019

Conceptions of “human nature”, of motivation for social behavior and of good and bad are inevitably integral parts also of the sociologist’s work. Wilhelm Reich’s life-energetically based work represents a “paradigmatic shift” in the bio-psycho-social study of our motivational basis and of our family and other social relations. The present paper sketches the basics of Reichs findings and conceptualizations concerning the fundamental pulsatory energetic life functions and the socially inflicted inhibitions and perversions of them, as well as their manifestations, for instance in the sexual orgasm and in the infant’s suckling the mother’s breast. The paper sketches the ‘functional identities’ between healthy/unhealthy life-energetic functioning on the level of the individual and on the level of social relations and their change. It is argued that family relations, socialization practices and other social relations and cultural items should thus be studied in terms of their life-energetic functioning. Bodily and psychological structures and processes, as for instance in parents and children, and the simultaneously occuring social and cultural structures and processes, for instance in the family, should be studied with reference to their underlying common life-energetic functioning dysfunctioning. The unity between character structures and processes and social structures and processes is to be found in the common, underlying life-energetic functions. The above is related to Freudian, Marxian and Freudo-marxian conceptions. Reich’s finding about the mediation of the economic-ideogical structure into the mass psychological need structure of the next generation through the family by way of the parents’ character structure and their socialization practices is sketched and the conditions for life-negative versus life-affirmative social and family change are summarized. Parson’s analysis of the relation between personality and the social and cultural “system” and of sexuality, socialization and the family is in part compared with and criticized from Reich’s findings. Life-energetic analysis is applied also to some recent family sociological conceptualizations. Questions for further analysis of family, socialization and social change are raised.
Some Aspects of Identity Problems in Foster Families
Authors: Sprey-Wessjng Thea , Portz Peter 
Published: October 2019

There has been an increasing motivation for foster care and adoption within the last years; foster parents are seen as a positive alternative to home care; furthermore there seems to be a differentiated understanding for “factual parenthood” in public opinion. Nevertheless the social status of a foster child is a problematic one; in addition there is no relevant role script for foster parents at all. These deficits lead to identity problems: the research design, interpretated in this article, is asking for self-concepts to foster parenting. By interrogation of a sample of foster parents, belonging to the “Bundesverband der Pflege—und Adoptiveltern e.V.” in Western Germany, the basis of motivation and selfconcepts can be seen more distinctively. In spite of declining numbers of children in home care and increasing places in foster care the chance of identificational continuity will be a great task in future for foster children and parents as well. In general, there is too much administration involved in the matching of foster children and foster parents and too little psychological support concerning identity problems.
Marrying Out: Socio-Cultural and Psychological Implications of Intermarriage
Authors: Cerroni-Long E.L. 
Published: October 2019

This paper has two aims. First of all, I have tried to offer a definition of intermarriage that takes into consideration the role played by the norms of exogamy and endogamy in specific social settings. Secondly, through a review of the empirical and theoretical materials available on the subject, I have attempted to organize a typology of intermarriage that can provide answers to the following questions: 1) Why do people marry out? 2) What people marry out most and what partners do they choose ? The typology has been organized around three foci: a) necessary conditions, b) efficient causes, c) stress factors. On the basis of this typology it should be possible not only to obtain a clearer view of what circumstances maximize the incidence of intermarriage but also of what the chances are for people who marry out to actually have a stable and durable relationship. On the basis of the conclusions drawn from the typology some hypotheses are also advanced regarding possible developments in the concepts of exogamy and endogamy and in the character and frequency of out-marriages to be expected for both the immediate and the more distant future.
Cultural Antecedents of Welfare Legislation and Services in Israel
Authors: Zimrin Hanit A 
Published: October 2019

The establishment of welfare services in the land of Israel constituting the foundations of welfare services in the state of Israel, began in the first half of the 20th century. The founders of the welfare services in Israel derived their inspiration from the cultural traditions of the diaspora Jewry on the one hand and the process of nation building in which they participated, on the other. These two elements influenced the philosophy, legislation, policy and operation of the welfare system in Israel. The main function of the Jewish community in the diaspora, which was constantly subjected to the danger of assimilation, was to preserve Judaism.; This required the community to rely on the family and on foster care, placing strong. emphasis on the education, religious education at that time, of these children who were destined to continue the Jewish tradition and strengthen them psychologically. The struggle for independence and the re-establishment of the Jewish State. was also characterized by the need to strengthen the young people who were expected to realize the Zionist aspirations. The result was the establishment of family-oriented services with special emphasis on child welfare and the provision of opportunities for child development. The legislation and services established in Israel in the spheres of education and health are proof of that. The importance attached to services designed to preserve the future resources of the nation, left several spheres either untouched or dealt with solely on the philosophical level without practical application. These were mainly: (1) Child protection; (2) Care of handicapped children; and (3) Delinquency.
Children in Polish Legislation: Intentions and Reality
Authors: Łobodzinska Barbara 
Published: October 2019

Poland has developed a national family policy. The government is in a continuous process of improving and developing legislation concerning the family. Children’s welfare, rights, privileges and responsibilities are guaranteed in the Constitution, The Family and Protection Code, The Penal Code, The Code of Civil Procedures, The Code of Work and many additional Acts, Amendments and regulations. Basically, the intention of the lawmakers is securing equal rights for all children (whether they are born in marriage or out-of-wedlock) against any forms of discrimination, emphasizing children’s welfare as_ the primary societal concern. Family planning and Hmited abortion (during the first trimester) are practiced. According to the legislation, children’s protection begins in the prenatal period. Thus, the physical health of expectant mothers is incorporated into the law (free health care for pregnant women, maternity leaves for working mothers, etc.). Families with children qualify for family allowances. Single mothers are protected by procedures securing alimonies for their children. Both parents (married or divorced) are equally responsible for their children’s well-being. In cases of child abuse the court can limit parental control. There are also special laws regulating the types and time of work performed by teenagers (15 - 17 years old). Education at the primary level is mandatory. Juvenile delinquents’ cases are treated by the courts with the underaged delinquents’ benefit in mind. In spite of this progressive and humanitarian approach in legislation, there exists a discrepancy between the good intentions of the law and its application. in social practice. Areas of neglect or difficulties in im-. posing established rules include rural areas with insufficient health care, child care, and lower quality of educational institutions. Inadequate services for the family, shortages of basic consumer goods, overcrowded apartments, and overworked parents are among the most common obstacles in making the concern for children’s welfare a reality. The legislation has symptoms of spontaneity, with laws and amendments continually supplementing The Family and Protection Code, and added as a result of interest grOl.-p pressure, social unrest, and strikes. Overlooking the declared equality of sexes and equal responsibilities of both parents, more rules apply to mothers than to fathers. Insubstantial infrastructure assisting families and insufficient financial support create a situation where everyday practice is distant from the advanced promises of the law-makers.
The Struggle Against Ignorance: John Blacking Remembered
Authors: Donnan Hastings 
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the relationship between fertility and mode of mate selection in Urban Nigeria. Data for the study were derived from a 1987/88 survey of nine cities in the North, South-east and Southwest of Nigeria. Ever married women, aged 15 to 49 years, in selected households were interviewed. In addition to information on socio-economic characteristics, respondents also provided information on modes of mate selection, on perceptions of roles within marriage, on desired and achieved family sizes, and on childrearing practices. Distributions of women. by mode of mate selection (family or selt) and socioeconomic variables show that women in family arranged unions marry much earlier (and hence have longer duration of exposure to childbearing oriented sexual relations), have lower levels of education before marriage, marry much older men and are less disposed to the use of contraception. With respect to fertility, our results show that the fertility of women in family arranged unions is generally higher than that of women in self arranged unions. In order to understand more adequately how mode of mate selection relates to fertility, regression models, in which three sets of test variables were controlled, were estimated. Separate estimates were obtained for women aged 15 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years and 35 years and above, respectively. The results show that the difference in fertility between the two groups of women is statistically significant and that the difference is attributable mainly to differences in prenuptial levels of education and in duration of marriage. The findings reinforce - the call for improved education of women and programs of public education that encourage higher ages at marriage.
Societal Response to Familial Role Change in Australia: Marginalisation or Social Change?
Authors: Grbich Carolyn 
Published: October 2019

Over the past ten years researchers have noted changes in parental roles. The movement of women into the workforce, equal opportunity, ideals of egalitarianism and the greater emphasis on the role of the father has resulted in a reassessment of the home situation. This study of twenty five long term primary caregiver males, who reared their pre-school children while their wives/part-ners become the primary breadwinners, examined the perceived societal response to persons in this situation. Although the self select groups currently available for study can only allow the generation of hypotheses regarding primary caregiver males, early responses from this group indicated that considerable pressure was being brought to bear on these couples to revert to more traditional roles, while later responses showed a more positive orientation suggesting that individual and group negotiation, media and research interests appeared to be part of a process of change in the attitudes of the wider society. Further research using random sampling of a wider population is necessary to confirm these tentative indications.
Income, Work and Marital Dissolution: Canadian Experimental Evidence
Authors: Hum Derek P. J. , Choudhry Saud 
Published: October 2019

Marital dissolutions occur for a variety of reasons. Among low income families, the added stress of inadequate earnings, intermittent job spells, and high unemployment may contribute to the decision to end a marriage. One approach to end poverty and marital instability is to give income assistance to the poor. At the same time, cash transfers might foster family breakups, intentionally or otherwise. For example, if the welfare system is designed such that individuals are better off living separately than together, there will be a financial incentive to split. The effect of income transfers on family structure is theoretically ambiguous. On the one hand, low income families may become more stable if stress factors associated with low earnings, intermittent job spells and the like are lessened by the receipt of assistance. On the other hand, unstable marriages held together strictly for economic convenience may have their bonds weakened if individuals, when separated, are eligible for support. Consequently, whether income assistance engenders, on balance, effects which are stabilising or destabilising is an empirical question which depends upon the specific population group and the assistance program under consideration. This paper employs microdata from MINCOME (Canada’s experimental test of guaranteed income) to examine the effect of various income transfers on family dissolution. Employing a path model, we find that family income level is principally an intervening rather than a direct factor in determining whether or not a family will stay intact. Our results suggest that whether or not the male head has a stable work pattern, and whether or not the female head works at all, or earns more than her spouse, are more direct contributors to marital instability than the level of family income itself.
Iraqi Rural Women’s Participation in Domestic Decision-Making
Authors: Al-Nouri Qais N. 
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes to focus on the area of domestic decision-making which is believed to reveal some of the salient shifts encountered in the Iraqi rural family. Notwithstanding the vast array of problems to be anticipated here, I suggest to confine my inquiry to the contextual processes and trends re-defining and re-organizing feminist autonomy. In particular, my endeavour will be guided by three main considerations involving: 1. Iraqi women’s rising influence on structural checks and balances. 2. The normative implications associated with feminist expanding roles. 3. The communicative and behavioural adjustments discernible in male-female interaction. We may correctly assume that the processes affecting women’s social life entail definite equilibrium of old and new forces. Moreover, the consequent compromise between spouses has been facilitated by mutual cognizance of the new realities. In many cases, women are expected to contribute to their family welfare through their gainful jobs. This trend is gaining momentum in view of the rapidly increasing costs of living. Urbanization in this specific context has cancelled many of the conditions exempting women from the task of family support. The emerging situation is largely dominated by spouses’ growing sense of realism. Viewed in this perspective, decision-making seems quite promising to unravel some of the vague complexities confroned in Iraqi urbanization.
Political and Economic Conflict within extended Kin Groups and its Effects on the Household in a North Jordanian Village
Authors: Shunnaq Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

This article deals with socio-cultural change in a rural, tribal vi11age. It also clarifies the status or the vi11age ’s highest official and explains how it was transformed from the role of a traditional village strongman into that of a mayor who governs by virtue of state authority. Current political conflicts motivated by the struggle to control the mayor’s office form one aspect of this study; the other concerns conflict over land. Fights broke out among the villagers over landholdings in the urbanized center of the village which had been held collectively by families but which were divided into individual parcels in 1989. These landholdings fell into three categories; nearby threshing fields where crops were collected during summers; fields on the outskirts of the village; and undeveloped lands used only for grazing livestock. Some of the study’s conclusions are: that the domestic groups of this village do not resemble each other. Nor do they resemble the romantic and traditional groups of other Arab villages as they are described in the anthropological and sociological accounts written by Arab researchers. During my fieldwork I observed that each individual had his own peculiarities and his own social relations. Thus the solidarity of the kinship group is weakening or is in the process of disappearing.
The Post-Migration Survival of Traditional Marriage Patterns: Consanguineous Marriages among Turks and Moroccans in Belgium
Authors: Reniers Georges 
Published: October 2019

In Turkey and Morocco, as in most regions of the Muslim world, consanguineous or kin marriage is part of a long-standing tradition of matrimonial practices. As modernisation brings with it higher levels of education, urbanisation and an increasing geographical mobility, these practices are coming under pressure. Similarly, it could be expected that the support of young people for kin marriages would decline through migration to Europe and the integration in their host society. However, a comparison of the prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the immigrant communities in Belgium and the countries of origin provides evidence of the contrary. Through an in depth analysis of the evolution of kin marriages over different migrant and minority cohorts in Belgium, explanations are sought for this unexpected development. The analyses reveal that consanguineous marriages are often crossborder marriages and thus intimately linked to the facilitation of new migrations. In the new setting created by migration and restrictive migration policies, a new logic or rationale seems to support the practice of kin marriages. Once more a proof is found that matrimonial strategies and practices are highly adaptable to changing contexts and opportunities. Together with the increasing number of kin marriages among Turks and Moroccans, the analyses disclose an apparently opposing trend, i.e. that of a declining number of marriages with friends of the family (practical kin). It is argued that the trade-off in marriages between practical kin and relatives is a first indication of the weakness of cross-border matrimonial practices; practices that link marriage to migration and immigrants to their regions of origin. The analyses are based on log-linear techniques. The data come from two representative surveys of Turks and Moroccans in Belgium, and the household records of the Demographic and Health Surveys for Turkey and Morocco.
Kinship Ties of Mexican Migrant Women on the United States/Mexico Border
Authors: Bastida Elena 
Published: October 2019

This paper explored the migration processes and cross-cultural experiences of female Japanese settlers in British society. The motivations of the women to migrate to Britain varied widely but were driven least by economic incentives. Many women moved on their own and of their own will in order to maximise their well-being and enhance their life chances. The Japanese social system, emphasising gender roles and family-orientation, was one of the strongest reasons for encouraging the women to seek alternative lifestyles. This paper also aimed the link with current issues facing an ageing society - in particular, the women’s views concerning their old age and factors influencing their decision-making processes. Their choice of residence in later life between Japan and Britain was likely to reflect their family relations and social networks as well as their employment history in both countries. Also, as they grew older in a foreign society, care issues were increasingly of their concern. The expectation for family support from their adult children who were brought up in British society were not great, reflecting the value of independence and the available social security systems and services. The paper concluded with various thoughts of how their ‘ethnic needs’ could be met in the host society. The study explored the effect of three social factors - immigration, ethnicity and religiosity on cohabitation and attitudes toward cohabitation, in Israel. Additionally, it examined the linkage between attitudes toward cohabitation and reported cohabiting behavior. Data was based on a national representative sample of 1,180 longterm Israeli residents and 870 immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. Immigration and religiosity were found to impact on behavior and attitudes regarding cohabitation,’ whereas ethnicity had no such effect. An interaction effect between immigration and ethnicity indicated that ethnicity has a stronger influence on migrant attitudes. Attitudes were found to have a mediating effect on the Impact of immigration and religiosity on cohabitation. Explanations for the findings are based on the divergence between the cultural contexts of both countries - Israel and the Former Soviet Union - and on immigration as a stressful life-event for the individual and his family.