bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPR measurement of environmental radiation using human fingernails
Authors: Noori Abbas , Ziaie Farhood , Mostajab M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this research work, human fingernails were utilized to estimate the radiation dose using EPR measurements of radiation-induced radicals. The limiting factors in this research were the presence of mechanical induced EPR signals due to the mechanical stress during the preparation of the samples. The mechanically induced signals overlap with the radiation-induced signal, which considerably can overestimate the dose. Thus, different treatment methods of fingernails were used to reduce the mechanical induced signals. The results demonstrate that the mechanical and radiation induced signals have apparently different microwave power saturation behavior. Also, mechanical induced signal shows a fading evolution vs. time and reaches to a constant value. Chemical treatment using the different reagents showed that the minimum mechanical induced signal was obtained using the dithiothreitol reagent. The dose response curves of the treated samples with dithiothreitol for 30 min demonstrated a more linearity, and closer curves in comparison to those treated in 5 min. Therefore, to find out an unknown absorbed dose in a fingernail sample using a calibration curve, it could be recommended to use the mentioned chemical treatment procedure to reduce the uncertainty.
Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms among school-age adolescents: age and sex differences
Authors: Keeratisiroj Orawan , Siritaratiwat Wantana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and aims:
Non-specific musculoskeletal pain symptoms are common in adolescents and may differ between the sexes, and be related to age and daily activities. It is critical to examine the prevalence and frequency of symptoms in adolescent students who tend to have pain which interferes with their routine activities. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and frequency of self-reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms by age and sex, and we also examined the association of symptoms with routine activities of school-age adolescents by area of pain.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Thai students aged 10–19 years. All 2,750 students were asked to report previous 7-day and/or 12-month pain using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (Thai version) in 10 body areas. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and sex was used to analyze the association between daily activity and musculoskeletal pain symptoms.

Results:
A total of 76.1% (n=2,093) of students reported experiencing pain in the previous 7 days, 73.0% (n=2,007) reported in the previous 12-month period and 83.8% (n=2,304) reported pain in both 7-day and 12-month periods. The most common pain area was from a headache, with other areas being neck and shoulders, in that order, for both periods of time. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was especially higher in older groups and females. Participants reported frequency of pain as “sometimes in different areas” ranging from 78.4% to 88% and severity of pain at 3.82±2.06 out of 10 (95% CI 3.74–3.91). Routine daily activities associated with symptoms of headache, neck, shoulders, and ankles or feet pain were computer use (head, OR=2.22), school bag carrying (neck, OR=2.05), school bag carrying (shoulder, OR=3.09), and playing sports (ankle or foot, OR=2.68).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms was high in both the previous 7-day and 12-month periods, especially in females and older adolescents, although most of them sometimes experienced pain. Computer use and school bag carrying were associated with headache, neck and shoulder pain, while playing sports was related to symptoms of the foot and ankle.

Implications:
The prevalence of pain was high, particularly in the older and female groups. Although they experienced mild symptoms sometimes, the related daily activities leading to these symptoms should be closely noticed.
Morning cortisol and fasting glucose are elevated in women with chronic widespread pain independent of comorbid restless legs syndrome
Authors: Stehlik Romana , Ulfberg Jan , Zou Ding , Hedner Jan , Grote Ludger 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and aims:
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with poor quality of sleep, but the detailed underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated the influence of CWP on morning cortisol and fasting glucose concentrations as well as sleep disordered breathing.

Methods:
In this case-control study, subjects with CWP (n=31) and a control group without CWP (n=23) were randomly selected from a population-based cohort of women. Current pain intensity, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness [Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)], psychiatric comorbidity and occurrence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) were assessed. Overnight polygraphy was applied to quantify sleep apnoea, airflow limitation and attenuations of finger pulse wave amplitude (>50%) as a surrogate marker for increased skin sympathetic activity. Morning cortisol and fasting glucose concentrations were determined. Generalised linear models were used for multivariate analyses.

Results:
CWP was associated with higher cortisol (464±141 vs. 366±111 nmol/L, p=0.011) and fasting glucose (6.0±0.8 vs. 5.4±0.7 mmol/L, p=0.007) compared with controls. The significance remained after adjustment for age, body mass index, RLS and anxiety status (β=122±47 nmol/L and 0.89±0.28 mmol/L, p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). The duration of flow limitation in sleep was longer (35±22 vs. 21±34 min, p=0.022), and pulse wave attenuation was more frequent (11±8 vs. 6±2 events/h, p=0.048) in CWP subjects compared with controls. RLS was associated with higher ESS independent of CWP (β=3.1±1.3, p=0.018).

Conclusions:
Elevated morning cortisol, impaired fasting glucose concentration and increased skin sympathetic activity during sleep suggested an activated adrenal medullary system in subjects with CWP, which was not influenced by comorbid RLS.

Implications:
CWP is associated with activated stress markers that may deteriorate sleep.
“If you don’t get better, you may come back here”: proposing conditioned follow-ups to the doctor’s office
Authors: Beck Nielsen Søren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrevious research has established that conversationalists treat “arrangement making” as closure implicative contributions. This study adds “conditioned arrangement making” to the list with an examination of how general practitioners propose conditioned follow-ups to patients, that is, the opportunity to return to the clinic if their condition does not improve or if it should worsen. The data consists of 52 audio-/video-recorded naturally occurring general practice consultations in Denmark. Using the conversation analytic method, the paper examines why the hypotheticality of this particular kind of proposition making is a resource for practitioners in terms of accomplishing progression towards termination of the consultation, and also in terms of accomplishing agreement upon appropriate, responsible and reassuring treatment plans. Among other things, conditioned follow-up propositions enable doctors to communicate “no problem” diagnoses while preserving care continuity. The study, therefore, contributes to the understanding of how use of grammatical formats such as conditional clauses influences institutional interaction.
Model Simulation and Design Optimization of a Can Combustor with Methane/Syngas Fuels for a Micro Gas Turbine
Authors: Liu Chi-Rong , Sun Ming-Tsung , Shih Hsin-Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe design and model simulation of a can combustor has been made for future syngas combustion application in a micro gas turbine. An improved design of the combustor is studied in this work, where a new fuel injection strategy and film cooling are employed. The simulation of the combustor is conducted by a computational model, which consists of three-dimensional, compressible k-ε model for turbulent flows and PPDF (Presumed Probability Density Function) model for combustion process invoking a laminar flamelet assumption generated by detailed chemical kinetics from GRI 3.0. Thermal and prompt NOxmechanisms are adopted to predict the NO formation. The modeling results indicated that the high temperature flames are stabilized in the center of the primary zone by radially injecting the fuel inward. The exit temperatures of the modified can combustor drop and exhibit a more uniform distribution by coupling film cooling, resulting in a low pattern factor. The combustion characteristics were then investigated and the optimization procedures of the fuel compositions and fuel flow rates were developed for future application of methane/syngas fuels in the micro gas turbine.
Predicting Lean Blowout and Emissions of Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber Based on CRN
Authors: Xiao Yinli , Lai Zhengxin , Wang Zupeng , Chen Kefei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
To predict the pollutant emissions and lean blowout, chemical reactor network (CRN) model is applied to the modern aircraft engine combustion chamber. In this study, the CRN which represent the major features of aerodynamics and combustion in the combustion chamber is set up based on the OpenFOAM simulation results. The boundary and the initial conditions used for the CRN derive from the operating modes of typical aircraft engine cycle. A 21 species 30 steps chemical mechanism of kerosene is employed in the CRN method. The levels of pollutant emissions are obtained under four ICAO engine power settings of idle, approach climb and take off. The lean blowout equivalent ratio is evaluated at the idle power setting. The results will be helpful to predict the aircraft engine exhaust emissions and lean blowout (LBO).
A Multi-Regulator Linear Matrix Inequalities Approach for Aircraft Engine Limit Management
Authors: Qin Jiakun , Pan Muxuan , Huang Jinquan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A new control scheme is proposed for aircraft engines, where the object is to transfer a regulated output (called main output) between two set-points, with the additional requirement that a set of outputs (called auxiliary outputs) remains within prescribed ranges. According to the prior outcomes, no assurance exists to protect output limits in transient regime by use of a traditional min-max scheme with linear compensators. To achieve a satisfied control performance for a corresponding output, each limitation loop is design separately. However, some auxiliary outputs still exceed their limits when other loop regulators are active or overshoot occurs. To overcome this problem, a linear matrix inequalities (LMI) approach is developed by considering the limit values in regulator design of other loops and the condition for no overshoot of auxiliary outputs. Finally, practical applicability is further demonstrated by numerical simulation. The results show that the designed controller can achieve a satisfactory dynamic and steady performance and keep the auxiliary outputs within constraints.
Lebensform and “socio-cultural background”
Authors: Baran Marcin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:The main part of the philosophical activity of Charles Taylor may be characterized as philosophical anthropology. This philosophical anthropology is above all an attempt to overcome what he calls the epistemological construal i. e. a set of false anthropological beliefs spread in the modern western philosophy like: disengaged subject, the punctual self and social atomism. His critique of the anthropological beliefs draws, among other thinkers, heavily on Ludwig Wittgenstein's reflections on language and his social nature in Philosophical Investigations. To the disengaged subject and punctual self Taylor opposes the embodied subject, a human agent that is impossible to define without his language depending entirely on the “form of life”, an inescapable social context in which he is embedded. Thus Taylor emphasizes the basic connection between the self and the community, which is being falsely compromised by social atomism. This emphasis on the community, on the essential role of the link between individual and his social environment rank him among so called communitarians, the critics of the predominant individualistic liberal way of thinking. In his more recent works, especially A Secular Age Taylor reflects on the phenomenon of secularization of the modern West. Here the notion, inspired partially by Wittgenstein, of “background” – an implicit framework for the beliefs of an agent – plays an important role. The following text will show more in detail the most important Wittgensteinian inspirations in the philosophical reflection of Charles Taylor considering modern western culture.
Frontverläufe in Wittgensteins Prototractatus
Authors: Pilch Martin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:Wittgenstein’s finally published version of his Tractatus — his Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung — covers material and thoughts from the years 1913 to 1922. What, deeply inspired by Frege’s works, started as collaboration with Russell in Cambridge soon developed into an independent and critical position.
Main parts of Wittgenstein’s early logical system were developed during his military service in First World War, so e. g. the formulations of his famous picture theory of proposition arise during his stay in Krakau and his service on the ship “Goplana” in autumn 1914. We partly can follow this development of Wittgenstein’s ideas by reading his war time notebooks. The most important document of this time is manuscript MS 104, which contains the so-called Prototractatus, which normally is seen as an early, but fairly complete version of the Tractatus. But in fact the manuscript contains much more interesting information about the actual formation of the Tractatus itself, when it is read as a kind of log book of the ongoing composition procedure. The actual order of the propositions differs considerably from the published order and enables us to follow the step by step integration of new propositions into the growing structure of the Tractatus.
The paper will give a chronological outline and an overview about the surviving pre-Tractarian sources and their setup, and it will argue for a reading of MS 104 allowing a detailed reconstruction of the textual composition as well as serving at the same time as a basis for an interpretation of the war time notebooks.
Revisiting the Philosophical Investigations’ Children
Authors: Lesnik-Oberstein Karin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:In my 2003 article “The Philosophical Investigations’ Children” I offered a non-essentialist reading of the child in Wittgenstein’s work, arguing that such a reading challenged previous interpretations of the text by analysing an a priori reliance on a “real child” as part of a reliance on a “real world” somehow outside of textuality. I further argued that my anti-essentialist reading of the child is authorised by the Philosophical Investigations’ own arguments and positions and that interpretations of this text that maintain an investment in a materialist “real” (including the child as real or actual) fail fully to understand the nature of Wittgenstein’s interest in and definition of “language games” and an attendant engagement with issues of perspectives and their implications. In this article, I follow up on the current status of readings of the child in relation to Philosophical Investigations and the wider implications of those readings, including for ideas of the “pedagogy” of Philosophical Investigations itself, including demonstrating how both subsequent essentialist and non-essentialist readings of Philosophical Investigations continue to overlook implications of non-essentialist thinking about childhood.
Challenging Gender and Genre: Women in Contemporary Indian Crime Fiction in English
Authors: Meyer Neele 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper looks at three Indian crime fiction series by women writers who employ different types of female detectives in contemporary India. The series will be discussed in the context of India’s economic growth and the emergence of a new middle class, which has an impact on India’s complex publishing market. I argue that the authors offer new identification figures while depicting a wide spectrum of female experiences within India’s contemporary urban middle class. In accordance with the characteristics of popular fiction, crime fiction offers the possibility to assume new roles within the familiar framework of a specific genre. Writers also partly modify the genre as a form of social criticism and use strategies such as the avoidance of closure. I conclude that the genre is of particular suitability for women in modern India as a testing-ground for new roles and a space that helps to depict and accommodate recent transformations that connect to processes of globalization.
A Conditionally Integrable Bi-confluent Heun Potential Involving Inverse Square Root and Centrifugal Barrier Terms
Authors: Ishkhanyan Tigran A. , Krainov Vladimir P. , Ishkhanyan Artur M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a conditionally integrable potential, belonging to the bi-confluent Heun class, for which the Schrödinger equation is solved in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions. The potential involves an attractive inverse square root term ~x−1/2with arbitrary strength and a repulsive centrifugal barrier core ~x−2with the strength fixed to a constant. This is a potential well defined on the half-axis. Each of the fundamental solutions composing the general solution of the Schrödinger equation is written as an irreducible linear combination, with non-constant coefficients, of two confluent hypergeometric functions. We present the explicit solution in terms of the non-integer order Hermite functions of scaled and shifted argument and discuss the bound states supported by the potential. We derive the exact equation for the energy spectrum and approximate that by a highly accurate transcendental equation involving trigonometric functions. Finally, we construct an accurate approximation for the bound-state energy levels.
Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye by Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation Processes
Authors: Rehman Faiza , Sayed Murtaza , Khan Javed Ali , Shah Luqman Ali , Shah Noor S. , Khan Hasan M. , Khattak Rozina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The oxidative degradation of CV dye in aqueous media has been evaluated using Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2) and photo-Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2/UV) processes. Various operational parameters like H2O2 dosages, Fe2+ dosages and [CV]0 were optimized of both Fenton and photo-Fenton processes for the removal of CV dye from aqueous media. Kinetic results indicated that photo-Fenton process (k
obs=0.0097 min−1, t
1/2=71.45 min) is more effective than Fenton process (k
obs=0.0074 min−1, t
1/2=93.66 min). Second order rate constant of ˙OH radical with CV dye was calculated to be 3.96×109 M−1s−1. De-methylated organic intermediates of CV dye detected by LC-MS and some other intermediates like CH3COO−, HCOO−, NH4
+ and Cl− were identified by ion-chromatography.
Functionalization of Graphene Aerogels and their Applications in Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Wang Chen , Fu Qiangang , Wen Dan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Functionalized graphene aerogels (GAs) not only own the advantages of the original ones like large specific surface area, three-dimensional porous structures, high specific capacitance and excellent cyclic stability, but also realize the function expansion due to the collective properties endowed via different methods. These characteristics make them advantageous in some promising applications. In this minireview, we focus on the various functionalization methods of GAs and especially their use in the applications of energy storage and conversion like batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells, etc.
Este tiempo clausurado que no me pertenece: Los años falsos, de Josefina Vicens
Authors: Bustamante Bermúdez Gerardo 
Published: April 2018

En 1982, Josefina Vicens dio a conocer su segunda novela titulada Los años falsos. En este artículo se analiza el tema del patriarcado mexicano en las estructuras familiares en donde el poder, la violencia, la infidelidad, la corrupción, el machismo y la subordinación de las mujeres respecto a la autoridad del patriarca constituyen la base de un discurso incisivo en el que Vicens observa las relaciones de género dentro de la familia tradicional mexicana. A lo largo de este texto se habla sobre la identidad asignada al protagonista de la novela, así como la ambigüedad respecto a su construcción de género que, no obstante, queda al margen de sus deseos y posibles realizaciones. Se trata de una vida anulada por una especie de testamento de género por parte del patriarca ausente / presente.
Microcrack Growth Behavior and CWFS Criterion Parameters Optimization of Granite with PFC
Authors: Miao Shengjun , Wang Hui , Guo Xuelian , Liang Mingchun , Kong Changqing 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Based on the physical and mechanical parameters obtained in laboratory tests, along with the section scanning of granite specimens, a microgeometric model of the granite particles was established in the Particle Flow Code (PFC) programs. The loading codes were programed and adjusted using the Fish language to simulate both uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The micromechanical behavior and the evolution of cracks from the microcosm to the macrocosm of the granite were obtained under different loading conditions based on the complete stress-strain curves, Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring results and crack number obtained from the tests, and PFC simulation. On this basis, the Cohesion Weakening and Friction Strengthening (CWFS) criterion model parameters of the granite were optimized and verified using the stress-strain curves, the relationship between the cracks, friction energy and plastic strain, and Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua simulation. The optimized CWFS criterion parameters of initial cohesion, residual cohesion, initial friction angle, and residual friction angle, as well as the critical plastic strain ϵcp and ϵfp of the granite, are 23 MPa, 4.3 MPa, 0°, 46.3°, 0.0015, and 0.0037, respectively. This provides a scientific basis for the establishment of a rock constitutive model during the transfer from open pit to underground mining in the Xingshan Iron Mine in China.
Behavior and Law of Crack Propagation in the Dynamic-Static Superimposed Stress Field
Authors: Yang Renshu , Ding Chenxi , Yang Liyun , Zhang Yufei , Xu Peng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior and the law of crack propagation, particularly under the dynamic-static superimposed stress field in the poly(methyl methacrylate) specimens. We introduce a novel system of digital laser dynamic caustics experiments with a self-designed dynamic-static loading device. These specimens are divided into three groups and subjected to the static stress field, the dynamic stress field, and the stress superposition field, respectively. The conclusion can be obtained by comparing the crack length and the dynamic stress intensity factor of the main cracks during propagation under the three different stress fields. The static stress field significantly reduces the arrest toughness of the main cracks, which is the main reason for longer crack propagation.