bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Befunddokumentation in der Pathologie: Erfahrungen mit einer Maschinenlochkartei
Authors: Becker H. 
Published: March 2018

Die Dokumentation pathologisch-anatomischer Befunde (Obduktionen und Untersuchungen an Operationsmaterial) zeigt im deutschsprachigen Raum nicht die Fortschritte, die auf klinischem Gebiete zu verzeichnen sind. Die Gründe hierfür sind in den Eigenheiten des pathologisch - anatomischen Untersuchungsgutes zu suchen; insbesondere ist es die Fülle der auf ein Obduktionsprotokoll entfallenden Sachverhalte, die den Rahmen einer Lochkarte meist sprengen. Auch die bisher vorhandenen nationalen und internationalen Diagnosenschlüssel werden den besonderen Anliegen der pathologischen Anatomie nicht hinreichend gerecht.Für die Erfassung der Obduktionsbefunde wurde daher ein eigener fünfstelliger Diagnosenschlüssel entwickelt. Das am Grazer Pathologischen Institut aufgebaute System der maschinellen Befunddokumentation wird kurz geschildert.
Über die Selektivität der sog. I-Zahl im „Allgemeinen Krankenblattkopf” und die Brauchbarkeit ihrer einzelnen Komponenten
Authors: Stutzer G. , Wagner G. 
Published: March 2018

Die im „Allgemeinen Krankenblattkopf” empfohlene 9 stellige Identifikationszahl (sog. I-Zahl) wurde anhand eines Krankengutes von über 19 000 Patienten der Universitäts-Hautklinik Kiel auf ihre Selektivität hin geprüft. Der methodische Weg der hierfür erforderlichen Materialaufbereitung und -kontrolle wird geschildert. Insgesamt ergaben sich 63/19 378 (= 0.325 %) Doppelbesetzungen, d. h. auf 1000 Patienten kamen rund 3 mal je 2 Personen mit gleicher I-Zahl vor. Die gute Brauchbarkeit der I-Zahl als selektive Patienten-Kennzahl in der Klinik ist damit zahlenmäßig unter Beweis gestellt.Von den einzelnen Komponenten der I-Zahl ist der Kombinationsschlüssel für die Erfassung von Geschlecht -|- Mehrlingseigenschaft als unvorteilhaft zu bezeichnen, da die zusätzliche Erfassung der Mehrlingseigenschaft nichts zu einer Verbesserung der Selektivität der I-Zahl beiträgt. Eine solche würde erst erreicht, wenn statt der Mehrlingseigenschaft die Geburtsrangfolge registriert würde. Es ist aber fraglich, ob der mit jedem derartigen Kombinationsschlüssel zwangsläufig verbundene Mehraufwand an Arbeit überhaupt lohnt.Der im „Allgemeinen Krankenblattkopf” empfohlene Namensschlüssel hat sich dagegen sehr bewährt. Sein Anteil an der Gesamtselektivität der I-Zahl ist eine Funktion der Besetzungsstärke der Geburtsjahre, die sich in Form einer Binomial Verteilung darstellen läßt. Diese Formel wird entwickelt und anhand der eigenen Zahlen getestet, wobei sich eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Praxis ergibt.Aus Archivierungsgründen wäre es vorzuziehen, die I-Zahl statt mit der Codeziffer für das Geschlecht mit dem Geburtsdatum beginnen zu lassen.
Charakterisierung des Elektrokardiogramms mittels TschebyschefPscher Polynome
Authors: Spindelberger W. 
Published: March 2018

In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird über eine Computer-Methode zur maschinellen Dokumentation von Elektrokardiogrammen berichtet. — Es wurden Computer-Programme entwickelt, welche den Kurvenverlauf der EKG-Ableitungen mittels Tschebyscheff’scher Polynome approximieren und die Koeffizienten dieser Polynome zusammen mit den verkodeten EKG-Beurteilungen auf Magnetband speichern. Die Tschebyscheff’schen Polynome haben den Vorteil, daß wenige Koeffizienten für eine gute Approximation genügen.Für die Verkodung von EKG-Beurteilungen wurde ein Schema entwickelt, mit welchem auch komplexe Beurteilungen numerisch verkodet werden können. Das Verfahren, welches an kein bestimmtes Ableitungssystem gebunden ist, enthält keine Kriterien für die Beurteilung von EKGs. Die maschinell gespeicherten Daten können jedoch für die EKG-Beurteilung verwendet werden. Hat man eine hinreichend große Anzahl von EKGs nach dieser Methode gespeichert, so können mit geeigneten Suchprogrammen für ein neu zu beurteilendes EKG ähnliche EKGs aus den gespeicherten Datenbeständen herausgesucht werden.
Periosteal surgery
Authors: Bellenger C. R. , Rackard S. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPeriosteal section influences bone development in many species. Long bone growth has been stimulated and limb deviations have been created and corrected by surgically manipulating the periosteum. This paper reviews clinical and experimental findings following different types of periosteal surgery on the immature long bone and considers what mechanisms may be involved in these effects.
A radiographic study of joint angles in standing dogs
Authors: Milgram J. , Slonim E. , Kass P. H. , Shahar R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and repeatable radiographic protocol for the measurement of joint angles in the standing dog, and to use this protocol to determine all standing joint angles for dogs over a wide range of body weights. The radiographic technique and the method of joint angle measurements were found to be highly repeatable, suggesting that the technique is reliable. Most joint angles did not vary between dogs of different weights. In those few instances where significant differences (p<0.05) were found, certain trends were followed and represent differences in conformation. This paper presents a complete description of the angles defining the position of the joints in a standing dog. This information is important for biomechanical studies, for clinical assessment of dogs, and for the design of surgical procedures such as arthrodesis.
Intraprosthetic Dislocation of Modular Dual-Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty Components During Closed Reduction: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Johal Ovninder , Eyberg Blake , Meldrum Russell , Walker J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDual-mobility bearing total hip arthroplasty offers several advantages over traditional prosthesis designs in the treatment of degenerative hip disease. Over decades of use, they have shown proven benefits in both durability and stability. However, despite their practical and theoretical advantages, they present a unique mode of failure not seen with other implants. In this report, the authors present two patients who sustained intraprosthetic dislocation of their dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty components during closed reduction of a hip dislocation.
Education in Medical Informatics in the Federal Republic of Germany))
Authors: Koeppe P. 
Published: March 2018

The paper deals with the present situation of education at the academic level in Medical Informatics (or Medical Information Science, Electronic Data Processing applied to medicine and the health care service etc.) in the Federal Republic of Germany.Following some introductory remarks about definitions, tasks, and prospects, the different types of education and their availability at certain universities are described. The current capacity is about 100 graduations per year.It is estimated by the author that in future the average number of positions to be occupied by medical computer scientists will be in the order of 50 per year for the Federal Republic of Germany including Berlin (West).It is, therefore, concluded that the present capacity in regard to graduations is sufficient. More emphasis should be laid on developing and organizing curricula for further qualification as well as refresher courses for those already engaged in the field of medical informatics.
An Interhospital Problem-Oriented and Automated Discharge Summary
Authors: Roger F. H. , Joos Monique , Haxhe J. J. 
Published: March 2018

A problem-oriented medical record summary is described with special emphasis on patient profiles and on coding features that enable providers of care to have access to the computerized data base implemented by them. Input selection resulted from a Belgian interuniversity agreement in order to best serve physician’s purposes in the delivery of health care as well as in clinical research and medical education.Such a summary permits an output validation that is public health- as well as patient care-oriented in a coordinated interhospital system. Specialized records (autopsy, hemodialysis, . . .) can be linked to the centralized interdepartmental summary. Results from experience on nearly 30,000 medical records are discussed. Programs have been written in COBOL and FORTRAN for an IBM 370/158 computer system in batch processing.
Medical Image Processing in an Era of High-Performance Computing
Authors: Gong Leiguang , Kulikowski Casimir A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvanced radiology practices are already benefiting from powerful and increasingly more economical computing and networking facilities. Medical image processing methods have improved dramatically over the past five years, with sophisticated 3D display, visualization and analysis techniques allowing increased integration of multiple modalities of imaging, flexible environments for imaging analysis, and P ACS (picture archiving and communication systems) for ease of transmission and retrieval. Emerging directions involve teleradiology and telesurgery virtual reality applications, the development of new image database techniques, and the building of large visual databases like that of the Visible Human Project. Challenging problems of image segmentation, registration, and multimodal image fusion are still with us. Building dynamic, flexible electronic atlases will have a profound effect on the understanding of structure and function from the level of cellular physiology to gross anatomy, but requires the development of new techniques of visual knowledge representation and more standardized ways of defining the conceptual and linguistic constructs of visual objects in biomedicine, for linkage to medical records, research results, and educational materials. Methods for reasoning with visual information in the context of multimedia information systems present an inviting challenge to the upcoming generation of researchers in medical informatics.
Nursing Informatics: State of the Science
Authors: Grobe S. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNursing informatics is a combination of computer science, information science and nursing science designed to support the practice and delivery of patient care. Using the informatics model of data, information and knowledge, the nature of automated systems to support clinicians in their delivery of high-quality care are described from their inception to their current state, and the importance of research to advance the state of nursing know ledge are emphasized. The evolution of clinical care systems and nursing management systems are viewed, as is the progress of the scientific work relative to nursing informatics. Milestones in the advancing state of the science are identified and the conclusion is drawn that although nursing informatics has evolved, much scientifically based work remains. Key nursing informatics resources identified in the paper support this conclusion about what remains to be accomplished.
Hospital Information Systems: A Review in Perspective
Authors: Hammond W. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe demand for information for health care is increasing exponentially in volume, content and the number and geographical distribution of users. Most HIS systems commercially available today are based on designs and philosophies of the 1970s. Even though new technology has improved these systems’ performance, to meet current demands, concepts must be shifted from the paper-driven system to an electronic system in which the patient is the focus. We need a merger of the functionality of existing systems along with new functionalities and a computer-based patient record. These new health care information system must have no boundaries; data collection must permeate all locations at which a patient receives care, and seamless linkages must connect all individuals who contribute to that patient’s care. Even though systems are being designed today to meet these expanded informational requirements, we will not see such systems in use before the next century.
Twenty Years Medical Informatics Education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: Evolution of a Specialized Curriculum
Authors: Leven F.J. , Raux R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe medical informatics curriculum at University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn started in 1972 as a specialized university curriculum. In this paper, we report on 20 years of experience and the evolution of this educational approach with respect to structure and content of the curriculum. We emphasize that this evolution parallels the development of medical informatics to a medical discipline in its own right, with distinct application domains and specific methodological approaches. Based on our experience and on recommendations from the national and international community, we describe and discuss the features of the curriculum.
DIOGENE 2, a distributed Hospital Information System with an emphasis on its Medical Information Content
Authors: Lovis Christian , Borst François , Scherrer Jean-Raoul 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:DIOGENE 1 has been a mainframe-based centralised HIS with a star network of communication operating on a daily basis with 120 nursing ward units since 1978. Together the limited and costly growth capabilities of such a system with its extreme difficulty in cooperating jointly with other heterogeneous medical systems, with the need for faster networking expansions, led to the new design of a distributed architecture called DIOGENE 2. In 1989, a migration process between DIOGENE 1 and DIOGENE 2 was initiated and is now on the verge of being achieved. During the time of this new expansion of the HIS, it has been easy to cooperate with the decentralisation process of the new hospital organisation as well facilitating the integration of new functionalities like i.e. new WIS architectture, medical office patient histories, integration based upon PCs with UNIX based client/server platforms. That approach combines the handling of paragraphs structured patient records with the use of medical natural language processing and semi-automatic encoding as well. Amongst these new functionalities the P ACS are associated with image manipulation platforms called OSIRIS for X-Ray images as well as other tools devoted to molecula biology and genetics up to the ExPASy server on Internet using WWW Mosaic which is accessible from all over the world. The distributed architectture appears well suited not only for the integration of these new functionalities but to keep them growing as smoothly as possible.
Medical Informatics Training at Stanford University School of Medicine
Authors: Shortliffe Edward H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Stanford University School of Medicine has offered graduate degrees in medical informatics since 1982. Located approximately 50 kilometers south of San Francisco near the city of Palo Alto, the university offers both MS and PhD degrees, combining research training with formal course requirements in clinical information sciences, bioinformatics, computer science, decision science, basic biomedicine, health economics, and social and ethical issues. Requirements are adapted to the varying backgrounds of trainees. Graduates of the program work in a variety of capacities, although the majority have sought careers in academia or in industrial research settings.
HPV – Das andere Kopf-Hals-Karzinom
Authors: Wittekindt Claus , Wagner Steffen , Sharma Shachi , Würdemann Nora , Knuth Jennifer , Reder Henrike , Klußmann Jens 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungKopf-Hals-Tumore sind die sechst-häufigste Krebsart mit über 500000 jährlich gemeldeten Fällen weltweit. Die Hauptrisikofaktoren sind Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum, wobei v. a. Oropharynxkarzinome (OSCC) vermehrt eine Assoziation mit humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) aufweisen. Bei HPV-assoziierten und HPV-negativen OSCC handelt es sich bezüglich biologischer Charakteristika, Therapieansprechen und Prognose der Patienten um 2 eigenständige Entitäten, die allerdings bisher identisch behandelt werden. Bei HPV OSCC spielen neben der Aktivität viraler Onkoproteine auch genetische (Mutationen und chromosomale Aberrationen) und epigenetische Veränderungen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Krebsentstehung. Aufgrund des besseren Therapieansprechens wird aktuell über die Einführung einer De-Intensivierung der Therapie und über zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit HPV OSCC diskutiert. Ein vielversprechendes zielgerichtetes Therapiekonzept ist bspw. die Immuntherapie. Besonders intensiv wird derzeit die Anwendung von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (z. B. gegen PD1) erforscht. Mithilfe sogenannter Flüssigbiopsien sollen zukünftig weitere Biomarker, in Form von viraler DNA oder Tumor-Mutationen, zur Überwachung des Krankheitsverlaufs und frühzeitigen Erkennens von Therapieversagen eingesetzt werden. Zur primären Prophylaxe einer Tumorentstehung ist die HPV-Impfung von männlichen und weiblichen Jugendlichen empfehlenswert.
Das Mikrobiom – die unplanbare Größe zukünftiger Therapien
Authors: Beule Achim 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungUnter Mikrobiom versteht man die Gesamtheit der bakteriellen, parasitären, viralen oder anderen zellulären Mikroorganismen, die den menschlichen Körper oder ein anderes Lebewesen besiedeln. Das Mikrobiom zeigt in den anatomischen Bereichen der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde eine deutliche regionale Varianz. Für die Bereiche von Ohr, Nase, Rachen, Larynx und Haut sind jeweils verschiedene Interaktionen des Mikrobiomes mit allgemeinen Faktoren wie Alter, Diät und Lebensstilfaktoren (z. B. Rauchen) in den letzten Jahren bekannt geworden. Zudem liegen eine Reihe von Erkenntnissen vor, dass das Mikrobiom an der Pathogenese verschiedener Erkrankungen auch im HNO-Bereich beteiligt ist. Der vorgestellte Übersichtsartikel fasst die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse dieses sich aktuell äußerst rasch entwickelnden Forschungsgebietes überblickartig zusammen.
The interior as interiority
Authors: Ionescu Vlad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe goal of the following article is two-fold: first, it aims to introduce some of the fundamental challenges concerning the theory of interior design, with the aspiration of stimulating further research on the topic, notably concerning the relationship of interior design to adaptive re-use, anthropology and the fine arts. Second, the text introduces a series of essays that complement this paper, which have been collected under the title Interiorities: Artistic, Conceptual and Historical Reassessments of the Interior. The collection proposes an interdisciplinary approach of the interior, both as an architectural challenge and as an opportunity to represent subjectivity in all its dimensions, as understanding, reflection, memory, imagination and affect.
Constructing Banglatown
Authors: Rasinger Sebastian M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the linguistic landscape of the East London ward of Spitalfields and Banglatown, with particular emphasis on the visual prevalence of the linguistic and symbolic repertoire of Bangla. It suggests that Banglatown as a social product is constructed not only by its people, but by its semiotic and linguistic landscape and the interaction within it. A qualitative analysis of a sample of signs identifies several interrelated frames, which construct Banglatown as a distinct symbolic entity, whereby multiple layers of linguistic and discourse practices create a space that is as much for the Bangladeshi community as it is about it.
On the notion of metaphor in sign languages
Authors: Kimmelman Vadim , Kyuseva Maria , Lomakina Yana , Perova Daria 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Metaphors in sign languages have been an important research topic in recent
years, and Taub’s (2001) model of
metaphor formation in signs has been influential in the field. In this paper, we
analyze metaphors in signs of cognition and emotions in Russian Sign Language
(RSL) and argue for a modification of Taub’s
(2001) theory of metaphor. We demonstrate that metaphor formation in
RSL uses a number of mechanisms: a concrete sign can acquire metaphorical
meaning without change, a part of a sequential compound can acquire a
metaphorical meaning, and a morpheme within a productive sign or a simultaneous
compound can acquire a metaphorical meaning. All these processes have parallels
in spoken languages, so we argue for a modality-independent model of metaphor
formation where metaphorical mapping is divorced from iconicity.
A Linguistic Handbook of French for Translators and Language Students
Authors: Boucher Paul 
Published: March 2018

A Linguistic Handbook of French for Translators and Language Students offers the reader an in-depth contrastive study of French and English based on recent theories of linguistics and discourse analysis. At the same time it is a practical manual for the advanced language student or the translator with dozens of exercises in analyzing and translating French along with detailed corrections.

Organized in three sections – Structure, Perspective and Coherence – the handbook first explores French word formation and syntax, then moves on to the use of tense and aspect, illocution and speech styles in various text types. Finally, problems concerning textual coherence and cohesion in both languages are discussed: anaphora and ellipsis, relevance and equivalence and information structure.
Each chapter is followed by a list of suggested readings for further discussion and a detailed glossary at the end of the book explains all technical terms used.
The handbook is designed to be used either as a textbook or for individuals working at home.
Implementation and Evaluation of An Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) Program at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Pauly Julienne B. , Vartan Christine M. , Brooks Abigail T. 
Published: March 2018

Background In recognition of the importance of safe and effective pain management, the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Office of the Under Secretary for Health have encouraged implementation of opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). Methods An OEND program was developed in August 2015 and implemented in September 2015 at a VAMC which allowed for pharmacist-lead individual and group patient education. An OEND consult service was developed to streamline referrals of patients for naloxone education and distribution. At the conclusion of the class, participants were ordered a naloxone auto-injector or nasal spray kit. To evaluate the utility of this quality-improvement initiative, data was collected from September 2015 until May 2016. Examples of data collected included participant satisfaction with education, risk for accidental overdose, and number of naloxone kits dispensed to participants. Results Of a total of 243 consults placed, 71 individuals participated in OEND education. A large quantity of consults were discontinued due to patients no-showing education. Sixty-four consult referrals were identified to have a mental health diagnosis. Most participants who received education had a risk for accidental opioid overdose of 14%. Sixty-nine education participants were provided a naloxone kit. Based on the OEND class survey, participants felt that their knowledge of accidental opioid overdose increased and were generally satisfied with the education. Conclusion OEND educated 30% of the Veterans referred into the program via the consult service, the majority of whom were at a relatively low risk for opioid overdose.