bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European and tropical Aedes albopictus mosquito populations have similar systemic Zika virus infection dynamics
Authors: Lequime Sébastian , Dehecq Jean-Sébastien , Briolant Sébastien , Fontaine Albin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFirst isolated from a forest in East Africa in the mid-20th century, Zika virus (ZIKV) has now emerged worldwide in urbanized areas where its mosquito vectors, mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, are present. Europe and French overseas territories in the Indian Ocean have been so far spared despite the presence of Ae. albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito. However, because they have strong economic and touristic links with regions affected by ZIKV, French territories in the Indian Ocean have a high risk of introduction. Here, we assess the susceptibility of two Ae. albopictus populations from Metropolitan France and the Reunion island (a French oversea territory in the Indian Ocean) for a ZIKV isolate from the Asian genotype at a titer ranging from 3 to 7.5 × 106 focus-forming units per milliliter. High infection rates and unpreceded levels of systemic infection rates were observed in both Metropolitan France and the Reunion island populations, without differences in infection rates or intra-mosquito systemic infection dynamics between the two mosquito populations. Ten and 20-days were needed by the virus to disseminate in 50% and 100% of the exposed mosquitoes respectively. Such slow intra-mosquito viral dynamics, in addition to repeatedly reported high transmission barrier in the literature, can impact ZIKV transmission when potentially vectored by Ae. albopictus. However, because mosquito-borne virus intra-host transmission dynamics can be influenced by numerous factors, including virus dose dynamics inside infectious humans or viral evolution towards shorter extrinsic incubation periods (EIP), our results highlight that Ae. albopictus populations present in Metropolitan France and the French territoires in the Indian Ocean might become potential vector for autochthonous ZIKV transmissions.
Genomic interrogation of the burden and transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens within and across hospital networks
Authors: Sherry Norelle L. , Lee Robyn S. , Gorrie Claire L. , Kwong Jason C. , Stuart Rhonda L. , Korman Tony , Marshall Caroline , Higgs Charlie , Chan Hiu Tat , Graham Maryza , Johnson Paul D.R. , Leroi Marcel , Reed Caroline , Richards Michael , Slavin Monica A. , Worth Leon J. , Howden Benjamin P. , Grayson M. Lindsay ,   on behalf of the Controlling Superbugs Study Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) disproportionately affect hospitalized patients due to the combination of comorbidities, frequent antimicrobial use, and in-hospital MDRO transmission. Identification of MDRO transmission by hospital microbiology laboratories is difficult due to limitations of existing typing methods.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter genomics implementation study (8 hospitals, 2800 beds) from 24thApril to 18thJune 2017 in Melbourne, Australia. Clinical and screening isolates from hospital inpatients were collected for six MDROs (vanAVRE, MRSA, ESBLE. coli[ESBL-Ec] andKlebsiella pneumoniae[ESBL-Kp], and carbapenem-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa[CRPa] andAcinetobacter baumannii[CRAb]), sequenced (Illumina NextSeq) and analyzed using open-source tools. MDRO transmission was assessed by genomics (core SNP phylogeny, grouped by species and ST) and compared to epidemiologic data.Results408 isolates were collected from 358 patients; 47.5% were screening isolates. ESBL-Ec was most common (52.5%), then MRSA (21.6%),vanAVRE (15.7%) and ESBL-Kp (7.6%).We define the transmission rate for each MDRO by genomics and epidemiology; 31.6% of all study patients had potential genomic links to other study isolates; 86% of these were confirmed by epidemiologic links (probable or possible transmission). The highest transmission rates occurred withvanA VRE (88.4% of patients).ConclusionsCombining genomics with high-quality epidemiologic data gives substantial insights into the burden and distribution of critical MDROs in hospitals, including in-hospital transmission. By defining transmission rates by genomics, we hope to enable comparisons over time and between sites, and introduce this as a new outcome measure to assess the efficacy of infection control interventions.
Application of numerical procedure for thermal diagnostics of the delamination of strengthening material at concrete construction
Authors: Adamczyk Wojciech Piotr , Gorski Marcin , Ostrowski Ziemowit , Bialecki Ryszard , Kruczek Grzegorz , Przybyła Grzegorz , Krzywon Rafal , Bialozor Rafal 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Large structural objects, primarily concrete bridges, can be reinforced by gluing to their stretched surface tapes of ﬁber-reinforced polymer (FRP). The condition for this technology to work requires the quality of the bonding of FRP and the concrete to be perfect. Possible defects may arise in the phase of construction but also as a result of long-term fatigue loads. These defects having different forms of voids and discontinuities in the bonding layer are diﬃcult to detect by optical inspection. This paper aims to describe the development of a rapid and nondestructive method for quantitative assessment of the debonding between materials.

Design/methodology/approach
The applied technique belongs to the wide class of active infrared (IR) thermography, the principle of which is to heat (or cool) the investigated object, and determine the properties of interest from the recorded, by an IR camera, temperature ﬁeld. The methodology implemented in this work is to uniformly heat for a few seconds, using a set of halogen lamps, the FRP surface attached to the concrete. The parameter of interest is the thermal resistance of the layer separating the polymer tape and the concrete. The presence of voids and debonding will result in large values of this resistance. Its value is retrieved by solving an inverse transient heat conduction problem. This is accomplished by minimizing, in the sense of least squares, the difference between the recorded and simulated temperatures. The latter is deﬁned as a solution of a 1D transient heat conduction problem with the already mentioned thermal resistance treated as the only decision variable.

Findings
A general method has been developed, which detects debonding of the FRP tapes from the concrete. The method is rapid and nondestructive. Owing to a special selection of the compared dimensionless measured and simulated temperatures, the method is not sensitive to the surface quality (roughness and emissivity). Measurements and calculation may be executed within seconds. The eﬃciency of the technique has been shown at a sample, where the defects have been artiﬁcially introduced in a controlled manner.

Originality/value
A quantitative assessment procedure which can be used to determine the extent of the debonding has been developed. The procedure uses inverse technique whose result is the unknown thermal resistance between the member and the FRP strip.
Convincing consumers to share personal data: double-edged effect of offering money
Authors: Weydert Valentine , Desmet Pierre , Lancelot-Miltgen Caroline 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how offering control on data usage and offering money can increase willingness to share private information with a data broker.

Design/methodology/approach
Personal data are collected for internet users with a Web questionnaire. In an experimental framework, compensations control money are manipulated and consumers’ data sharing is explained by sensitivity and regulatory focus.

Findings
Offering control increases willingness to disclose personal data, even sensitive one, but the effect is not moderated by regulatory focus. Offering monetary compensation has a negative, but small, effect on willingness to share personal data, and the effect is moderated by regulatory focus.

Originality/value
Offering a large amount of money is a double-edged offer, as it creates a signal that increases potential negative effect of disclosing personal data to unknown third party.
Divergent heritage sustainability: a threefold approach through lean talent management
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Khalil Mohamed Hesham 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of lean talent management (LTM) as a novel approach for optimising creativity in architectural design firms (ADFs) towards achieving divergent heritage sustainability (DHS).Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the abovementioned aim, a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology is designed to accomplish three objectives. First, investigating the relationship between heritage and urban development; types of heritage and the role of LTM in enhancing creativity in ADFs. Second, presenting and analysing six heritage-related case studies to assess the need for creative solutions based on extent of deterioration in three different places in Egypt. Third, outlining the results of a survey questionnaire conducted with a representative sample of ADFs in Egypt to investigate the role of LTM towards optimising creativity in ADFs for achieving DHS.FindingsThe extent of deterioration increased for modern heritage than old heritage. Conventional approaches adopted by ADFs failed to develop built environments that can bridge the gap between the diverse identities. Creativity was not optimised when talent management (TM) was integrated solely and architects failed to develop appropriate solutions. LTM use architects to allow expression of arts towards heritage sustainability through the built environment, in which they feel associated with physical heritage. Consequently, individuals’ intangible heritage is preserved in which they will less deteriorate the physical heritage. Hence, LTM is a paradigm shift that has a great potential for DHS.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey questionnaire and case studies focused on the Egyptian context because the region is in critical need for effective creative solutions and for such research that is unprecedented in investigating this gap. However, findings are absolute and could be used at any country sharing the Egyptian context and wishing to achieve a DHS approach.Originality/valueThe research work presented in this paper is novel in approach as it integrates two divergent fields and highlights the concept of DHS with its threefold approach. In addition, the concept of LTM is proposed as a novel paradigm shift in which it has received scant attention especially relating to heritage sustainability. The proposed ideas represent a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds to the existing body of knowledge for future research in LTM and DHS.
Contractors’ perceptions of the effects of cash flow on construction projects
Authors: Omopariola Emmanuel Dele , Windapo Abimbola , Edwards David John , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate Nigerian contractors’ perceptions regarding the effects of positive and negative cash flow during construction projects, with a view to establishing effective strategies for cash flow management.Design/methodology/approachA desktop-based literature review is used to develop a cross-sectional questionnaire survey which uses Likert items to elicit responses from construction professionals on: the reasons for cash flow problems; the impacts of negative and positive cash flow; and the potential solutions for improving cash flow on construction projects.FindingsThe study finds that delay in payments, difficulty in obtaining financial aid and inadequate budgetary control are the causes of cash flow problems during construction projects. Cumulatively, these issues result in project delays, reduced profit margins and in the worst scenarios, abandoned projects.Originality/valueThere has been limited research into the effects of positive and negative cash flows on construction projects in Nigeria and indeed, the wider geographical location of West Africa. This study addresses this observed dearth and consequently advances methods and solutions to deal with the problem of poor cash flow management in the Nigerian construction industry.
Making the future makers
Authors: Maceli Monica Grace 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore curriculum related to makerspaces and making within library and information science graduate programs and continuing education opportunities available to librarians. These findings are compared against prior assessments of makerspace-related educational offerings, as well as contrasted with recent practitioner survey results indicating the number of library practitioners involved in makerspace work and their needs.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper employs content analysis to assess makerspace topics within American Library Association (ALA)-accredited library and information science Masters programs’ course catalogs and in continuing education opportunities for librarians.

Findings
This work identified a total of eight courses from seven ALA-accredited Masters of Library Science programs relating to makerspace and making topics. A series of past and current makerspace-related continuing education opportunities were noted, with a variety of durations and structures, all offered in online format. As compared to prior research, these findings describe a notable increase in training and curriculum relating to library makerspaces.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this work is the difficulty in assessing frequency of course offerings, details regarding special topics courses and the potential continuing education materials that may have been removed from the internet since their offering.

Originality/value
Although significant research efforts have focused on makerspaces, little work has directly assessed the ongoing impact of the makerspace trend on library and information science graduate programs and continuing education opportunities.
Put on the spot
Authors: Plenge Chad , Swain Jordon , Cornwell James 
Published: September 2019

Research methodology
The case was created via an interview of the protagonist in 2018 at the US Military Academy by the authors.

Case overview/synopsis
The case describes the dilemma First Lieutenant Williams faces when his platoon sergeant unexpectedly leaves. Organizational norms and accepted practices suggest Lieutenant Williams should choose the most senior squad leader, Staff Sergeant Boyer. The departing Platoon Sergeant even recommended Staff Sergeant Boyer. However, based on recent observations, Lieutenant Williams felt Staff Sergeant Boyer may not be the best fit. Instead, the lieutenant considered choosing the newest squad leader, Staff Sergeant Harrison, who seemed to be highly proficient, but had yet to prove himself. Before the lieutenant could fully weight his options, Staff Sergeant Boyer confronted him about a decision.

Complexity academic level
This case is designed for use in undergraduate courses on leadership and management. The case was not only designed primarily for teaching a lesson on organizational justice, but can also be used to integrate lessons on communication, power and influence, and decision making. Each of these elements is present in the case. The instructor can choose to incorporate them into the lesson for a more wholly encompassing lesson or choose to focus on only the organizational justice aspects at play in the case.
Density‐dependent fitness effects stabilize parasitic hitchhiking within a mutualism
Authors: Gupta Satyajeet , Borges Renee M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Mutualisms are often subject to perturbations by parasitism arising from third‐party interactions. How third‐party perturbations are dampened is a fundamental question pertaining to mutualism stability. Phoretic organisms that turn parasitic within a mutualism may destabilize it. If the fitness cost of such phoresy is high, then density‐dependent effects could be one mechanism to stabilize these interactions.

We experimentally examined the fitness effects of a phoretic nematode community on a brood‐site pollination mutualism involving a pollinating fig wasp (the vehicle) and its associated fig species (the host for wasp and nematode development).

We comprehensively investigated fitness impacts of phoresy on wasp lifespan, lifetime reproductive success, dispersal ability and predation risk as well as on host brood‐site volume and seed number. We employed a range of hitchhiker densities that encompassed natural and overloading levels for two nematode taxa (one plant‐ and one animal‐parasitic type).

None of the plant host and vehicle fitness parameters were affected by wasps with low nematode transportation loads for either type of nematode. Furthermore, wasps arriving at their destinations carried lower densities of both animal‐ and plant‐parasitic nematodes compared to dispersing wasps, suggesting that there is selection on hitchhiker numbers during the dispersal process and that wasps loaded with a greater density of nematodes do not successfully disperse. Overloaded wasps had shorter flight durations, suggesting limited dispersal ability; on arrival at their destination, they suffered greater predation risk. Such overloaded wasps delivered impaired pollination services and produced fewer offspring resulting in lower lifetime fitness. Therefore, the direct and indirect effects of nematodes on their vehicles are strong. These effects also translated into impacts on host plant fitness, with the overloaded pollinators promoting the development of smaller brood sites with fewer seeds, thus reducing fig tree reproductive success. The effects of the animal parasites were greater than that of the plant parasite in this study.

The third‐party interaction is therefore self‐limited and exhibits density dependence. The strong negative effects of overloading likely explain the low number of nematodes found in nature on dispersing and arriving fig wasps. Consequently, parasitic hitchhikers are unlikely to destabilize the mutualism.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Toward a Corporate Culture of Health: Results of a National Survey
Authors: KYLE MICHAEL ANNE , SEEGARS LUMUMBA , BENSON JOHN M. , BLENDON ROBERT J. , HUCKMAN ROBERT S. , SINGER SARA J. 
Published: September 2019

Policy Points
The private sector has large potential influence over social determinants of health, but we have limited information about how businesses perceive or engage in actions to promote health and well‐being.
We conducted a national survey of more than 1,000 businesses of varying sizes and industries to benchmark private sector engagement in employee, environmental, consumer, and community health, which we collectively refer to as a corporate culture of health.
Overall, the private sector is taking steps to foster health and well‐being but still has substantial opportunity for growth.
ContextThe private sector has a large potential role in advancing health and well‐being, but attention to corporate practices around health tends to focus on a narrow range of issues and on large businesses. Systematically describing private sector engagement in health and well‐being is a necessary step toward understanding the current state of the field and developing an agenda for businesses going forward.MethodsWe conducted a national survey of 1,017 private sector organizations to assess current levels of engagement in what we term a culture of health (CoH). We measured corporate CoH along four dimensions, which assess the extent to which businesses promote employee, environmental, consumer, and community health and well‐being. We also explored potential explanations for the number of health‐related actions taken in each dimension.FindingsOn average, businesses took 38% of health‐related actions included in our survey. For each dimension, we found variation among businesses in the number of actions taken (on average, there were almost fourfold differences between the bottom and top quartiles of businesses in terms of actions taken). Mentioning health and well‐being in the corporate mission, having a strategic plan for CoH, and perceiving a positive return on CoH investments were all associated with businesses’ actions taken. Fewer than half of businesses, however, perceived a positive return on their CoH investments.ConclusionsOverall, the private sector is taking steps to foster health and well‐being. However, there remains substantial variation among businesses and opportunity for growth, even among those currently taking the most action. Strengthening the business case for a corporate CoH may increase private sector investments in health and well‐being. Actions taken by individual businesses, business groups, industries, and regulators have the potential to improve corporate engagement and impact.
Evaluation of the intraoperative human papillomavirus test as a marker of early cure at 12 months after electrosurgical excision procedure in women with cervical high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rabasa J , Bradbury M , Sanchez‐Iglesias JL , Guerrero D , Forcada C , Alcalde A , Pérez‐Benavente A , Cabrera S , Ramon y Cajal S , Hernandez J , Dinares C , García A , Centeno C , Gil‐Moreno A 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate if the intraoperative human papillomavirus (IOP‐HPV) test has the same prognostic value as the HPV test performed at 6 months after treatment of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to predict treatment failure.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingBarcelona, Spain.PopulationA cohort of 216 women diagnosed with HSIL and treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).MethodsAfter LEEP, an HPV test was performed using the Hybrid Capture 2 system. If this was positive, genotyping was performed with the CLART HPV2 technique. The IOP‐HPV test was compared with HPV test at 6 months and with surgical margins.Main outcome measureTreatment failure.ResultsRecurrence rate of HSIL was 6%. There was a strong association between a positive IOP‐HPV test, a positive 6‐month HPV test, positive HPV 16 genotype, positive surgical margins and HSIL recurrence. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the IOP‐HPV test were 85.7, 80.8,24.0 and 98.8% and of the HPV test at 6 months were 76.9, 75.8, 17.2 and 98.0%.ConclusionIntraoperative HPV test accurately predicts treatment failure in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. This new approach may allow early identification of patients with recurrent disease, which will not delay the treatment. Genotyping could be useful in detecting high‐risk patients.Tweetable abstractIOP‐HPV test accurately predicts treatment failure in women with CIN 2/3.
Prolonged Electro‐muscular Incapacitation in a Porcine Model Causes Spinal Injury
Authors: Burns Jennie M. , Kamykowski Michael G. , Moreno Justin A. , Jirjis Michael B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConducted electrical weapons are designed to cause temporary electro‐muscular incapacitation (EMI) without significant injury. The objective of this study was to assess the risk and cause of spinal injury due to exposure to a benchtop EMI device. Porcine subjects were exposed to 19 and 40 Hz electrical stimuli for a prolonged duration of 30 sec. X‐ray imaging, necropsy, and accelerometry found that lumbosacral spinal fractures occurred in at least 89% of all subjects, regardless of the stimulus group, and were likely caused by musculoskeletal fatigue‐related stress in the lumbosacral spine. Spinal fractures occurred in the porcine model at an unusually high rate compared to human. This may be due to both the prolonged duration of electrical stimulation and significant musculoskeletal differences between humans and pigs, which suggests that the porcine model is not a good model of EMI‐induced spinal fracture in humans.