bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of clinical educators in physiotherapy clinical education: The student’s perspective
Authors: Dimo A. T. , Phaswana T. P. 
Published: June 2019

Background and aim: Clinical educator’s play an important role in the training of physiotherapy students as they spend most of their time in a clinical setting. Clinical educators facilitate the integration of theoretical and practical components of physiotherapy education with actual patients in a real life situation. The aim of the study was to establish the clinical educator’s role as perceived by students. Methods: Descriptive survey methods utilising a close ended questionnaire were used to collect data from students. A study sample of 80 students was used. Data collected were analysed using the SAS statistical program.Results: Orientation was cited as the most important role of the clinical educator (94%), by the respondents. Teaching activities were the second most important category of the clinical educator’s role (75%). Assessment was the next category considered to form part of clinical educator’s role. Communication were not considered to be part of clinical educator’s role.Conclusion: The students perceive orientation, teaching and assessment of performance activities to constitute the role of the clinical educator. Communication activities were rated not to form part of the clinical educator’s role.
O ensino do basquetebol e o espaço físico em questão: um relato de experiência a partir de uma escola pública do norte
Authors: Marques Marcelo , Ribeiro Nayana , Colares Jeisa 
Published: June 2019

O basquetebol demanda um espaço físico escolar melhor estruturado e isso parece ser um fator limitante para o desenvolvimento deste nas escolas públicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência de introduzir o basquetebol a alunos de uma escola pública da periferia de Manaus que não possui quadra poliesportiva. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa a partir de uma observação participante. Quatro aulas (teóricas e práticas) abordando o basquetebol foram propostas a 36 alunos do ensino fundamental 2. Infere-se que o basquetebol pode ser desenvolvido com os alunos da escola pública mesmo sem espaço físico apropriado. Cabe ao professor ser o agente promotor do acesso ao basquetebol escolar com uma proposta pedagógica dinâmica, além da necessidade de questionamento sobre suas normas, sentidos e suas condições de adaptação à realidade social e cultural da escola.
Aromatherapy in the treatment of rosacea induced by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Walaszek Robert , Marszałek Anna , Kasperczyk Tadeusz , Burdacka Katarzyna , Burdacki Marcin 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionRecent study results show that essential oils obtained from some plants have a strong bactericidal effect against many pathogenic microorganisms and therefore they may play a supportive role in the prevention and treatment of infections caused by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a suspected cause of rosacea, a chronic multi-phase inflammatory disease of the face, manifesting with vascular changes in the form of characteristic erythema. The purpose of this work was to present aromatherapy as a safe method supporting the treatment of rosacea induced by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>.MethodsThe paper is a narrative review of the world scientific literature.ResultsEssential oils that exert an antimicrobial effect on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> are presented. They penetrate the cell wall and cell membrane of the microorganisms, disturb the integrity of the structures, and lead to bacterial cell death.ConclusionsThe broad range of effects, rapidity of action, and efficacy of aromatherapy make it an effective weapon against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infections.
Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships of Chinese cattle using gene mtDNA 16S rRNA
Authors: Yan Linjun , She Yifan , Elzo Mauricio A. , Zhang Chunlei , Fang Xingtang , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity among 12 cattle breeds (10 Chinese breeds and two foreign taurine breeds as controls) utilizing gene mtDNA 16S rRNA. The complete sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA genes of the 251 animals were 1570 bp long. The mean percentages of the four nitrogen bases were 37.8 % for adenine (A), 23.7 % for thymine (T), 20.9 % for cytosine (C), and 17.6 % for guanine (G). The mtDNA 16S rRNA gene base percentages had a strong bias towards A + T. All detected nucleotide variations in gene mtDNA 16S rRNA were either transitions (62.3 %) or transversions (37.7 %); no indels (insertions and deletions) were found. A total of 40 haplotypes were constructed based on these mutations. A total of 36 haplotypes of these 40 haplotypes were present in 10 Chinese cattle breeds. The haplotype diversity of all Chinese cattle populations was 0.903±0.077, while the nucleotide diversity was 0.0071±0.0039. Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances between pairs of the studied 12 breeds ranged from 0.001 to 0.010. The phylogenetic analysis assigned the 10 Chinese breeds to two distinct lineages that likely differed in their percentage of Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry.
Merits of novel high-resolution estimates and existing long-term estimates of humidity and incident radiation in a complex domain
Authors: Erlandsen Helene Birkelund , Tallaksen Lena Merete , Kristiansen Jørn 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To provide better and more robust estimates of evaporation and snowmelt in a changing climate, hydrological and ecological modeling practices are shifting towards solving the surface energy balance. In addition to precipitation and near-surface temperature (T2), which often are available at high resolution from national providers, high-quality estimates of 2 m humidity and surface incident shortwave (SW↓) and longwave (LW↓) radiation are also required. Novel, gridded estimates of humidity and incident radiation are constructed using a methodology similar to that used in the development of the WATCH forcing data; however, national 1 km×1 km gridded, observation-based T2 data are consulted in the downscaling rather than the 0.5∘×0.5∘ Climatic Research Unit (CRU) T2 data. The novel data set, HySN, covering 1979 to 2017, is archived in Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1970170). The HySN estimates, existing estimates from reanalysis data, post-processed reanalysis data, and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) type forcing data are compared with observations from the Norwegian mainland from 1982 through 1999. Humidity measurements from 84 stations are used, and, by employing quality control routines and including agricultural stations, SW↓ observations from 10 stations are made available. Meanwhile, only two stations have observations of LW↓. Vertical gradients, differences when compared at common altitudes, daily correlations, sensitivities to air mass type, and, where possible, trends and geographical gradients in seasonal means are assessed. At individual stations, differences in seasonal means from the observations are as large as 7 ∘C for dew point temperature, 62 W m−2 for SW↓, and 24 W m−2 for LW↓. Most models overestimate SW↓ and underestimate LW↓. Horizontal resolution is not a predictor of the model's efficiency. Daily correlation is better captured in the products based on newer reanalysis data. Certain model estimates show different dependencies on geographical features, diverging trends, or a different sensitivity to air mass type than the observations.
Generating a rule-based global gridded tillage dataset
Authors: Porwollik Vera , Rolinski Susanne , Heinke Jens , Müller Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tillage is a central element in agricultural soil management and has direct
and indirect effects on processes in the biosphere. Effects of agricultural
soil management can be assessed by soil, crop, and ecosystem models, but
global assessments are hampered by lack of information on the type of tillage
and their spatial distribution. This study describes the generation of a
classification of tillage practices and presents the spatially explicit
mapping of these crop-specific tillage systems for around the year 2005. Tillage practices differ by the kind of equipment used, soil surface and
depth affected, timing, and their purpose within the cropping systems. We
classified the broad variety of globally relevant tillage practices into six
categories: no-tillage in the context of Conservation Agriculture,
traditional annual, traditional rotational, rotational, reduced, and
conventional annual tillage. The identified tillage systems were allocated to
gridded crop-specific cropland areas with a resolution of 5 arcmin.
Allocation rules were based on literature findings and combine area
information on crop type, water management regime, field size, water erosion,
income, and aridity. We scaled reported national Conservation Agriculture
areas down to grid cells via a probability-based approach for 54 countries.
We provide area estimates of the six tillage systems aggregated to global and
country scale. We found that 8.67 Mkm2 of global cropland area was tilled
intensively at least once a year, whereas the remaining 2.65 Mkm2 was
tilled less intensely. Further, we identified 4.67 Mkm2 of cropland as an
area where Conservation Agriculture could be expanded to under current
conditions. The tillage classification enables the parameterization of different soil
management practices in various kinds of model simulations. The crop-specific
tillage dataset indicates the spatial distribution of soil management
practices, which is a prerequisite to assess erosion, carbon sequestration
potential, as well as water, and nutrient dynamics of cropland soils. The
dynamic definition of the allocation rules and accounting for national
statistics, such as the share of Conservation Agriculture per country, also
allow for derivation of datasets for historical and future global soil
management scenarios. The resulting tillage system dataset and source code
are accessible via an open-data repository (DOIs: https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.009
and https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.010, Porwollik et al., 2019a,
b).
The electrical conductivity of sheep's milk and the possibility of mastitis detection
Authors: Uhrinčať Michal , Tančin Vladimí­r , Tvarožková Kristí­na , Mačuhová Lucia , Vršková Martina , Ptáček Martin , Holko Ivan 
Published: June 2019

Measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is a method frequently used in dairy cows during milking in milking parlours, but especially in robotic milking as a low-cost mastitis detection method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and EC of milk in sheep reared in Slovakia as factors for monitoring subclinical mastitis on the basis of a bacteriological examination of udder health. Samples were collected individually from both halves of the udder from 295 sheep of different breeds from eight farms during evening milking. Based on SCC, the samples (590) were divided into classes (SCC < 2 × 105, 2 × 105 ≤ SCC < 4 × 105, 4 × 105 ≤ SCC < 6 × 105, and SCC ≥ 6 × 105 cells.mL-1), (SCC < 7 × 105 and SCC ≥ 7 × 105 cells.mL-1) and (SCC < 1 × 105 and SCC ≥ 1 × 105 cells.mL-1) respectively. Based on the presence of pathogens in the udder halve, they were classified as “major pathogens” (14), “minor pathogens” (161) and “without pathogens” (415). The presence of a pathogen had a significant effect on the increase in EC, SCC and protein content and decrease in content of lactose. We found a significant correlation between EV and SCC at first classification only in cases where all data was analysed jointly (r = 0.531), SCC ≥ 6 × 105 (r = 0.403) and SCC < 2 × 105 (r = 0.214). In the second and third classification, we found significant correlations in both cases, the SCC < 7 × 105 (r = 0.270) and the SCC ≥ 7 × 105 (r = 0.382) and SCC < 1 × 105 (r = 0.136) and the SCC ≥ 1 × 105 (r = 0.557). The electrical conductivity showed a stronger correlation with the lactose and protein content than LogSCC. We can argue that measuring the electrical conductivity of sheep milk may be a possible alternative for mastitis detection in sheep. EC can be useful in detecting animals with level of SSC greater than 6 × 105 cells.mL-1.
THE ORIGIN OF MARCHING MODULUS OF SILICA-FILLED TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS
Authors: Jin J. , Noordermeer J. W. M. , Dierkes W. K. , Blume A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSilica-reinforced S-SBR/BR tire tread compounds often show characteristic vulcanization profiles that do not exhibit a distinct maximum in the cure curve nor a plateau profile within acceptable time scales (marching modulus). In such a situation, it is difficult to determine the optimum curing time, and as a consequence, the physical properties of the rubber compounds may vary. Previous studies stated that the curing behavior of silica-filled rubber compounds is related to the degree of filler dispersion, the silanization, and the filler–polymer coupling reaction, as well as to the donation of free sulfur from the silane coupling agent. Such results imply that these are the key factors for minimization of the marching modulus. Various silane coupling agents with different sulfur ranks and functionalities were mixed at varied silanization temperatures. The correlation between these factors and their effect on the marching modulus intensity (MMI) were investigated. The MMI was monitored by measuring the vulcanization rheograms using a rubber process analyzer at small (approximately 7%) and large (approximately 42%) strains to discriminate the effects of filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions on the marching modulus of the silica-filled rubber compounds. Both factors have an intricate influence on the marching modulus, determined by the degree of filler–filler interaction and the coupling agent.
Mortalidad de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica, en el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social 2000-2016
Authors: Franco Escobar Víctor David 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Describir la evolución clínica de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) del Instituto salvadoreño del seguro social (ISSS). Tipo de investigación. Transversal multivariado de fuentes secundarias, muestra: 375 personas (Conf.95, alfa 5%), recolección y procesamiento: EXCEL y STATA 14.0. Resultados. Hombres: 65.3%, edad: 57 +/- 17, 68.5% mayores de 50 años, 23.7% adolecían de hipertensión arterial (HTA) 16% diabetes mellitus (DM) y 8.8% cardiopatías crónicas, la proporción de muerte fue de 21.8%, causas directas de muerte: Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC):63.6%, infecciones: 14%, eventos cardiovasculares: 10.9%, años de vida potencial perdidos (AVPP) generados: 877 (60.5% por hombres). El 50.1% presentaba IRC desde primer egreso, supervivencia: 1 año: 93% y 71% a 10 años, comorbidos: HTA (Log Rank/p): 12.3/0.0005, DM: 4.9/0.027 (juntos: 16.6/0.0008), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC): 6.45/0.011, edad > 50 años: 5.45/0.019 y más de 2 comorbilidades:14.26/0.0065. Riesgo de muerte se incrementó por EPOC (HR/IC95%/p): 3.92/1.23-12.6/0.055, HTA: 2.16/1.38-3.38/0.0012, DM: 1.79/1.05-3.07/0.0043 y edad > 50 años: 1.83/1.1-3.09/0.016. Conclusiones. IRC afectó más a hombres mayores de 50 años, también generaron la mayoría de AVPP, etiología principal HTA, DM y cardiopatías crónicas, principal causa directa de muerte, la mitad de personas ya presentaban IRC desde su primer egreso, un 71% sobrevivió 10 años, la mortalidad de IRC con HTA, DM, EPOC y edad > 50 años es mayor que al no presentarlos e incrementan el riesgo de morir.
Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 37-44
Palabras clave. Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, supervivencia, diálisis, Epidemiología, comorbilidades.
Contaminación microbiológica de la carne de pollo en 43 supermercados de El Salvador
Authors: López Alejandro , Burgos Tatiana , Diáz Moisés , Mejía Roberto , Quinteros Edgar 
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera las Enfermedades Trasmitidas por Alimentos (ETA) un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, especialmente en países en desarrollo. Se estima que 600 millones de personas se enferman cada año por ingerir alimentos contaminados y las muertes ascienden a 420 000. En El Salvador, el sistema de salud registró entre el 2012 – 2015, 1 397 intoxicaciones por alimentos, 2 381 casos de posible fiebre tifoidea y 1 064,606 de casos de diarreas y gastroenteritis. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de Salmonella spp, E. coli y S. aureus en la carne fresca de pollo que se comercializa en supermercados. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se colectaron muestras de carne de pollo en los supermercados autorizados de los municipios de San Salvador y Mejicanos. Se tomaron un total de 302 muestras de carne de pollo en un total de 43 establecimientos, con un error estadístico estimado de +/-5.9%. El levantamiento de datos y toma de muestra se realizó entre mayo a noviembre del año 2015. Resultados: La presencia total de Salmonella spp fue del 56%, E. coli del 14% y de S. aureus del 13% en la carne fresca de pollo. Conclusiones: Existe una importante contaminación microbiológica de la carne de pollo, que evidencia posibles fallas en la cadena de manipulación del alimento desde la producción, traslado, hasta la comercialización. La presencia de los tres microorganismos representa riesgo para la salud de los consumidores y evidencia la necesidad de mejorar las buenas prácticas de manipulación de los alimentos en todas las etapas.
Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 45-53
Palabras Claves: Salmonella spp, E. coli, S. aureus, Carne de pollo, Supermercados.
Aplicación de lineamientos para diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar
Authors: Fuentes Teresa 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Identificar el conocimiento y aplicación de los lineamientos técnicos en el uso de los métodos de apoyo diagnóstico para la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar, por parte del personal médico y de enfermería de las unidades comunitarias de salud familiar en el departamento de Morazán entre el 2016 y 2017. Metodología. Este estudio es transversal descriptivo y consiste en una entrevista realizada a 57 médicos y 20 enfermeras. Además, se recolectó información de 24 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar. Resultados: El personal de salud entrevistado, en su mayoría, tiene conocimiento de todos los métodos de apoyo para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar, sin embargo, el 32% desconoce la existencia de pruebas diagnósticas eficaces como el Gene Xpert y el cultivo. El 100% hace uso de la baciloscopia, el 7% del cultivo y el 10% del Gene Xpert, habiendo más de un 40% que desconoce los criterios de indicación. El 76% no conoce los tiempos de entrega de los resultados de las pruebas para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis. El 64% de los expedientes pertenecen a pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con la baciloscopia, el 16% con Gene Xpert y el 12% con cultivo. Conclusiones. La mitad del personal médico y de enfermería, entrevistado desconoce los criterios de indicación de métodos de mayor especificidad y sensibilidad que la baciloscopia. Los lineamientos técnicos y los métodos de apoyo para la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar no son puestos en práctica por el personal. No se hace uso de todos los métodos de apoyo diagnóstico en la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar, haciendo uso de la baciloscopia como único método para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar.
Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 16-24
Palabras clave: Tuberculosis pulmonar, baciloscopia, Gene Xpert, cultivo.
Testemunhos visuais na literatura do hospício: Lima Barreto e Maura Lopes Cançado
Authors: Birman Daniela 
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo, buscaremos problematizar a oposição entre testemunhos visuais e auditivos a partir, sobretudo, da análise de relatos manicomiais (autobiográficos e ficcionais) de Lima Barreto e Maura Lopes Cançado. Ao centrarmos nosso exame nesses escritos, procuraremos refletir sobre a construção visual realizada por esses autores, construção esta que não pode ser simplificada nem entendida como calcada apenas na percepção do olhar e na descrição objetiva, uma vez que se articula com o rompimento do quadro da representação por meios vários, como pela exploração de imagens abstratas, da linguagem caricatural e extravagante, do tema da névoa e do limite do olhar.
Gewaltdarstellungen im Fernsehen: Eine Analyse der Serie Deutschland 83
Authors: Vásquez Raphael 
Published: June 2019

A série alemã para TV Deutschland 83 (Alemanha 83) trata das tensões entre a Alemanha Ocidental e a Alemanha Oriental. A representação da violência se faz presente na série em diversos planos. Tanto a violência física quanto a psíquica são elementos centrais que conduzem a ação. No centro dessa ação figuram Martin e Lenora, sua tia. Através desse núcleo, os espectadores vivenciam a escalada da violência, que por fim quase culmina com um primeiro ataque nuclear. Atenção especial recai sobre sua tia, Lenora, que não corresponde à forma de representação típica de uma antagonista. A violência é praticada por ela, sobretudo,, através de terceiros. Por meio de ações manipulatórias ela e seu superior provocam uma escalada da violência. Mesmo figuras não propriamente envolvidas também são atingidas pela onda de violênica, como Martin e demais membros de sua família. Dessa forma, as tensões humanas representam simbolicamente a escalada da violência durante a Guerra Fria. Zusammenfassung: Die deutschsprachige TV-Serie Deutschland 83 behandelt die Spannungen zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland. Die Darstellung von Gewalt findet in der Serie auf mehreren Ebenen statt. Es sind sowohl psychische als auf physische Gewalt zentrale Elemente, um die Handlung voran zu treiben. Im Zentrum dieser Handlung stehen Martin sowie seine Tante Lenora. Der/die ZuschauerIn erlebt durch ihn eine Eskalation der Gewalt, die letztlich beinahe zu einem nuklearen Erstschlag führt. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient seine Tante Lenora, die nicht der typischen Darstellungsform einer Antagonistin entspricht. Gewalt wird von ihr vornehmlich über Dritte ausgeübt. Durch ihre manipulativen Handlungen sorgen sie und ihr Vorgesetzter für eine Eskalation der Gewalt. Eigentlich unbeteiligte Figuren geraten ebenso in die Gewaltspirale wie Martin und der Rest seiner Familie. Somit stehen die zwischenmenschlichen Spannungen symbolisch für die Zuspitzung der Gewalt des Kalten Kriegs.