bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 fertilization does not affect biomass production and nutritive value of a C4 tropical grass in short timeframe
Authors: Abdalla Filho Adibe Luiz , Lima Paulo de Mello Tavares , Sakita Gabriel Zanuto , Silva Tairon Pannunzio Dias e , da Costa Wilian dos Santos , Ghini Raquel , Abdalla Adibe Luiz , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a consequence of recent anthropogenic environmental changes, and few studies have evaluated its effects on tropical grasses used in Brazilian pastures, the main feed source for major part of ruminant livestock. This study evaluated forage production, chemical composition, in vitro total gas production and organic matter degradability of Brachiaria brizantha under contrasting CO2 atmospheric conditions in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. The forage plants were sown in each of the 12 octagonal rings of the FACE facility: six under ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration of approximately 390 μmol/mol, hereafter referred to as control (CON) plots, and other six rings enriched with pure CO2 flux to achieve a target CO2 concentration of 550 μmol/mol, hereafter called elevated CO2 (eCO2) plots. Soil samples were collected to determine carbon and nitrogen concentrations. After seventy days of sowing, a standardization cutting was performed and then at regular intervals of 21 days the forage was harvested (ten harvest dates) and forwarded to laboratorial analyses. Forage above‐ground biomass production (dry matter (DM): 6,143 vs. 6,554 kg/ha), as well as morphological characteristics (leaves: 71% vs. 68%; stem: 28% vs. 31%), chemical composition (crude protein: 162.9 vs. 161.8; neutral detergent fibre: 663.8 vs. 664.3; acid detergent fibre: 369.5 vs. 381; lignin: 60.1 vs. 64.1 g/kg DM; total C: 45.9 vs. 45.9; total N: 2.8 vs. 2.8; total S: 0.2% vs. 0.2%), organic matter in vitro degradability (573.5 vs. 585.3 g/kg), methane (5.7 vs. 4.3 ml/g DM) and total gas (128.3 vs. 94.5 ml/g DM) production did not differ significantly between CON and eCO2 treatments (p > .05). The results indicated that at least under short‐term enrichment, B. brizantha was not affected by eCO2.
Vertical Screening Distance Criteria to Evaluate Vapor Intrusion Risk from 1,2‐Dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA)
Authors: Kolhatkar Ravi V. , Lahvis Matthew A. , Hers Ian , Wilson John T. , Luo Emma (Hong) , Jourabchi Parisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVapor intrusion (VI) involves migration of volatile contaminants from subsurface through unsaturated soil into overlying buildings. In 2015, the US EPA recommended an approach for screening VI risks associated with gasoline releases from underground storage tank (UST) sites. Additional assessment of the VI risk from petroleum hydrocarbons was deemed unnecessary for buildings separated from vapor sources by more than recommended vertical screening distances. However, these vertical screening distances did not apply to potential VI risks associated with releases of former leaded gasoline containing 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA), because of a lack of empirical data on the attenuation of 1,2‐DCA in soil gas. This study empirically evaluated 144 paired measurements of 1,2‐DCA concentrations in soil gas and groundwater collected at 47 petroleum UST sites combined with BioVapor modeling. This included (1) assessing the frequency of 1,2‐DCA detections in soil gas below 10−6 risk‐based screening levels at different vertical separation distances and (2) comparing the US EPA recommended vertical screening distances with those predicted by BioVapor modeling. Vertical screening distances were predicted for different soil types using aerobic biodegradation rate constants estimated from the measured soil‐gas data combined with conservative estimates of source concentrations. The modeling indicates that the vertical screening distance of 6 feet (1.8 m) recommended for dissolved‐phase sources is applicable for 1,2‐DCA below certain threshold concentrations in groundwater, while 15 feet (4.6 m) recommended for light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) sources is applicable for sites with clay and loam soils in the vadose zone, but not sand, if 1,2‐DCA concentrations in groundwater exceed 150 μg/L. This dependence of the predicted vertical screening distances on soil type places added emphasis on proper soil characterization for VI screening at sites with 1,2‐DCA sources. The soil‐gas data suggests that a vertical screening distance of 15 feet (4.6 m) is necessary for both dissolved‐phase and LNAPL sources.
Sodium pyruvate pre‐treatment prevents cell death due to localised, damaging mechanical strains in the context of pressure ulcers
Authors: Alvarez‐Elizondo Martha B. , Barenholz‐Cohen Tamar , Weihs Daphne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate sodium pyruvate (NaPy) pre‐treatment as a successful approach for pressure ulcer (PU) prevention by averting their aetiological origin—cell‐level damage and death by large, sustained mechanical loads. We evaluated the NaPy pre‐treatment effect on permeability changes in the cell's plasma membrane (PM) following application of in vitro damaging‐level strains. Fibroblasts or myoblasts, respectively, models for superficial or deep‐tissue damage were grown in 0 or 1 mM NaPy, emulating typical physiological or cell culture conditions. Cells were pre‐treated for 4 hours with 0 to 5 mM NaPy prior to 3‐hour sustained, damaging‐level loads (12% strain). PM permeability was quantified by the cell uptake of small (4 kDa), fluorescent dextran compared with unstrained control using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Pre‐treatment with 1 mM, and especially 5 mM, NaPy significantly reduces damage to PM integrity. Long‐term NaPy pre‐exposure can improve protective treatment, affecting fibroblasts and myoblasts differently. Pre‐treating with NaPy, a natural cell metabolite, allows cells under damaging‐level mechanical loads to maintain their PM integrity, that is, to avoid loss of homeostasis and inevitable, eventual cell death, by preventing initial, microscale stages of PU formation. This pre‐treatment may be applied prior to planned periods of immobility, for example, planned surgery or transport, to prolong safe time in a position by preventing initial cell damage that can cascade and lead to PU formation.
Warm white light emitting from single composition SrGa12O19:Dy3+ phosphors for AC‐LED
Authors: Lai Junan , Long Zhangwen , Qiu Jianbei , Zhou Dacheng , Zhou Junhe , Zhu Congcong , Hu Songhan , Zhang Ke , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaking illumination light sources become comfortable to the human eye is a long‐term effort, which justifies the current research on warm white‐light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). In this work, a novel phosphor for w‐LEDs, namely SrGa12O19: Dy3+(SGO: Dy3+), with a low‐color temperature (CT) was designed and synthesized. The crystal structure, the luminescence properties, the thermoluminescence properties and the stability of SGO: Dy3+ were investigated. We demonstrate outstanding luminescent characteristics and excellent stabilities. The intensity of emission light keep remained when excited by a flickering light source with a chopping speed or off‐time of a few seconds, which indicates that the SGO: Dy3+ phosphor has anti‐flicker properties that will be useful for potential applications, as LEDs driven by alternating current (AC‐LED). The chromaticity coordinates and the correlated color temperature (CCT) of SGO: Dy3+ phosphors with different Dy3+ concentrations are close with an optimal doping at 4.00 mol% Dy3+ for chromaticity coordinate (0.4269, 0.4348) and a lowest CCT of 3361 K. The perfect weatherability of this phosphor was also confirmed since the phosphorescence intensity and the color were stable at high temperature and in a high humidity environment. The performance obtained shows that SGO: Dy3+ is a suitable candidate for illumination sources that are beneficial to human health.
Optimization of osmosonication pretreatment of ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe) using response surface methodology: Effect on antioxidant activity, enzyme inactivation, phenolic compounds, and physical properties
Authors: Osae Richard , Zhou Cunshan , Tchabo William , Xu Baoguo , Bonah Ernest , Alenyorege Evans A. , Ma Haile 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study assessed the effect of sonication frequency (UF) 33–68 kHz, sucrose concentration (SC) 20–60% wt/vol, and pretreatment time (PT) 10–30 min for maximizing 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric ion reducing capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), weight reduction (WR), water loss (WL), rehydration ratio (RR) and minimizing polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and solid gain (SG) of ginger by using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that osmosonication pretreatment had a significant impact on DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, TPC, WL, WR, RR, SG, and PPO. The optimal operating conditions to attain the best DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, TPC, WL, WR, RR, PPO, and SG were UF (50 kHz), SC (35% wt/vol), and PT (30 min). Based on the aforementioned conditions, the experimental outcome obtained including WL (62.97 ± 0.85%), SG (9.06 ± 0.04%), WR (53.98 ± 0.18%), RR (3.09 ± 0.02), DPPH (65.69 ± 0.23 mgTE/g dw), FRAP (50.93 ± 0.15 mgTE/g dw), CUPRAC (55.32 ± 0.11 mgTE/g dw), TPC (23.96 ± 0.35 mgGAE/g dw), and PPO (13.21 ± 0.05%) were consisted with the predicted values and the overall desirability was 0.758. The RSM plots also revealed that the independent variables significantly enhanced the physiochemical properties of osmosonicated pretreated ginger samples.Practical applicationsConcerning the increasing demand for new pretreatment techniques for dehydration of ginger, osmosonication could be presented as a unique, efficient, and innovative predehydration method for the pharmaceutical, beverage, and the food industries. It application preceding to drying of agricultural crops could reduce moisture content, increase drying rate, lessen the processing time and cost, and retain the physiochemical properties of the dried product.
Patients' experiences of coping with multiple chronic conditions: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Bai Jie , Yang Cong‐Yan , Li Ming , Inder Kerry , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of how Chinese adults cope with multiple chronic conditions in everyday life.BackgroundHaving multiple chronic conditions is stressful, requiring people to make physical and mental adaptations. There is little evidence exploring how people cope with multiple chronic conditions, especially in an Asian context.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was employed. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) was used to report this study.MethodsThis study was conducted in a tertiary referral and teaching hospital in Bengbu, Anhui, China, between August and October 2018. A purposive sample of 14 people with multiple chronic conditions, aged between 32 and 75 years, completed a demographic questionnaire and semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis guided data analysis.ResultsFour distinctive themes comprising subthemes were developed from participants' narratives pertaining to coping with multiple chronic conditions: (a) appraising multiple chronic conditions, (b) addressing multiple chronic conditions management, (c) maintaining psychological well‐being and (d) fulfilling a social role. Illustrative quotations were cited to support each theme.ConclusionsThis study underscores that people cope with multiple chronic conditions in everyday life by using a compendium of coping strategies. As one of the influencing factors, culture dominates the ways of coping at different levels among people with multiple chronic conditions. These findings expand the current literature on coping based on an Asian perspective and inform further cross‐culture research on this topic.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals should understand peoples' experiences of coping with multiple chronic conditions to provide more holistic and dynamic health care to address their actual needs. Healthcare professionals should be acquainted with how culture impacts individuals' coping and develops culture‐tailored supportive programmes such as family‐based interventions, to promote the health of people with multiple chronic conditions.
OLIGOPOLY GAMES AND THE COURNOT–BERTRAND MODEL: A SURVEY
Authors: Tremblay Carol Horton , Tremblay Victor J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraditional oligopoly models hold that firms compete in the same strategic variable, output (Cournot) or price (Bertrand). Alternatively, a hybrid model allows some firms to compete in output and other firms to compete in price, also known as the Cournot–Bertrand model. When the choice of strategic variable is endogenous, the established dominant strategy is output competition. A growing body of work demonstrates, however, that the Cournot–Bertrand outcome can be a subgame‐perfect Nash equilibrium in the presence of market asymmetries. Observations of real‐world markets consistent with Cournot–Bertrand behavior bolster justification for the model and have stimulated an impressive and evolving literature on advances and applications. We lay out the roots of the Cournot–Bertrand model and explore a number of model developments. We categorize 12 primary models in the literature based on alternative assumptions. In particular, some authors consider when the timing of play as well as the choice of strategic variable are endogenous. Altogether, this research identifies when Cournot–Bertrand behavior can emerge in a dynamic setting and under alternative market conditions. We also review the Cournot–Bertrand model applications in the fields of international economics, industrial organization, labor, and public economics. We expect the literature to continue to expand in the future.
Predictors of dental care use, unmet dental care need, and barriers to unmet need among women: results from NHANES, 2011 to 2016
Authors: Gupta Avni , Feldman Sarah , Perkins Rebecca B. , Stokes Andrew , Sankar Vidya , Villa Alessandro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine socio‐demographic and economic predictors of dental care access among women in the United States.MethodsA total of 52,493,940 women at the US national level aged 20‐44 years were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2016. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were computed to identify predictors of dental care use, unmet dental‐care need, and reported reasons for unmet need.ResultsYoung, Mexican‐American, other minority race‐ethnicities, less educated, and uninsured women were independently more likely to have never visited a dental clinic (P < 0.025). Mexican‐Americanwomen with a poverty income ratio (PIR) <2.00 and less than excellent health status and those uninsured were independently more likely to have unmet dental need (P < 0.025). Women with PIR <1.00 and those uninsured were independently more likely to have an unmet need because of unaffordable cost (P < 0.0008) or lack of procedure coverage by insurance (P < 0.0008). Younger women were more likely to think that the dental problem would go away (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWhile young, less educated, and women from minority race‐ethnicities were less likely to report ever use of dental care, only low income, poor health, and uninsured women were more likely to report unmet dental care need. Racial‐ethnic minority, less educated, and young women may benefit from improved education about the value of dental care. Expanding insurance coverage for dental care and improving access for women with poor health may address racial‐ethnic and education‐level disparities in unmet dental care need.
Melatonin as host modulating agent supporting nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis: A preliminary randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Tinto Manuel , Sartori Matteo , Pizzi Ileana , Verga Alessandra , Longoni Salvatore 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the current clinical trial was to evaluate if the oral supplementation of melatonin after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) determined a better periodontal healing than NSPT alone, in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis.BackgroundMelatonin's anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacities, together with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are key characteristics that justify the therapeutic use for the treatment of periodontitis.MethodsThis is a randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Twenty patients were blindly randomized either to melatonin or placebo group. The melatonin group received NSPT and melatonin capsules 1 mg per day for 1 month, while the placebo, NSPT, and placebo capsules for 1 month. The patients were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after. Mean change from baseline probing depth (PD) was the primary outcome; site of probing was used as unit of analysis; FMBS (%) and FMPS (%) were also calculated. Mann‐Whitney test was used to evaluate statistical significance (α = 0.05).ResultsMelatonin was well tolerated by all patients. Both treatments were effective in reducing PD, but no statistical difference was found when comparing posttreatment PD (probing all sites), P = .62. When considering the primary outcome, melatonin administration resulted in greater mean PD change at 6 months if compared to control group: for 4‐5 mm sites 1.86 (0.81) vs 1.04 (0.69), P = .00001 and for sites >5 mm 3.33 (1.43) vs 2.11 (0.96), P = .00012. No difference was found for FMBS and FMPS.ConclusionCurrent study, within its limitations, concluded that oral administration of melatonin (1 mg per day for 30 days) after one‐stage full mouth NSPT determined a greater change from baseline PD if compared to NSPT alone, in untreated stage III periodontitis. This could provide a non‐pharmacological support to improve periodontal healing of periodontal sites after NSPT.
Habitat selection when killing primary versus alternative prey species supports prey specialization in an apex predator
Authors: Cristescu B. , Bose S. , Elbroch L. M. , Allen M. L. , Wittmer H. U. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany predators specialize on one or several prey species that they select from the range of potential prey. Predator specialization on primary versus alternative prey is driven in part by encounter rates with prey and a predator’s habitat selection. Although habitat selection changes with behavioural state, this has not been well‐recognized in the resource selection function (RSF) literature to date, often because auxiliary data on the predator’s behavioural states (e.g. hunting) are absent. We monitored habitat selection of pumas Puma concolor in a multi‐prey system in northern California, where pumas specialized on black‐tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. We employed multiple RSF analyses on different datasets to test the following three hypotheses: (1) Pumas utilize habitats in proportion to their availability; (2) Pumas select specific habitat features when killing black‐tailed deer, their primary prey; (3) Pumas do not select distinct habitats from those identified under hypothesis 1 when killing alternative prey. We found that pumas in our study selected for specific habitats and habitat features in general, but that their selection was more pronounced when killing black‐tailed deer. In summer, kill sites of deer were associated with rugged terrain, but gentle slopes and northerly aspects. In winter, pumas killed deer at low elevations, on gentle slopes and on northerly and westerly aspects. Overall, evidence suggested that pumas tracked their primary prey across seasonal migrations, which were short in distance but resulted in pronounced changes in elevation. When killing alternative prey, pumas showed little evidence of habitat selection, suggesting they may kill alternative prey opportunistically. Our results hold implications for how data should be partitioned when modelling baseline habitat selection of predators, hunting habitat selection and predation risk for prey species, as well as for how we model ecological processes such as apparent competition.
Cr isotopes in physically separated components of the Allende CV3 and Murchison CM2 chondrites: Implications for isotopic heterogeneity in the solar nebula and parent body processes
Authors: Kadlag Yogita , Becker Harry , Harbott Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChromium isotopic data of physically separated components (chondrules, CAIs, variably magnetic size fractions) of the carbonaceous chondrites Allende and Murchison and bulk rock data of Allende, Ivuna, and Orgueil are reported to evaluate the origin of isotopic heterogeneity in these meteorites. Allende components show ε53Cr and ε54Cr from −0.23 ± 0.07 to 0.37 ± 0.05 and from −0.43 ± 0.08 to 3.7 ± 0.1, respectively. In components of Murchison, ε53Cr and ε54Cr vary from −0.06 ± 0.08 to 0.5 ± 0.1 and from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 1.7 ± 0.1, respectively. The non‐systematic variations of ε53Cr and 55Mn/52Cr in the components of Allende and Murchison were likely caused by small‐scale, alteration‐related redistribution of Mn >20 Ma after formation of the solar system. Chondrule fractions show the lowest 55Mn/52Cr and ε54Cr values of all components, consistent with evaporation of Mn and ε54Cr‐rich carrier phases from chondrule precursors. Components other than the chondrules show higher Mn/Cr and ε54Cr, suggestive of chemical and isotopic complementarity between chondrules and matrix‐rich fractions. Bulk rock compositions calculated based on weighted compositions of components agree with measured Cr isotope data of bulk rocks, in spite of the Cr isotopic heterogeneity reported by the present and previous studies. This indicates that on a sampling scale comprising several hundred milligrams, these meteorites sampled isotopically and chemically homogeneous nebular reservoirs. The linear correlation of 55Mn/52Cr with ε53Cr in bulk rocks likely was caused by variable fractionation of Mn/Cr, subsequent mixing of phases in nebular domains, and radiogenic ingrowth of 53Cr.