bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient DNAs and the Neolithic Chinese super-grandfather Y haplotypes
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lei Xiaoyun , Chen Hongyao , Li Jiawei , Zhou Hui , Huang Shi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Previous studies identified 3 Neolithic Han Chinese super-grandfather Y haplotypes, O2a2b1a1a-F5, O2a2b1a2a1-F46, and O2a1b1a1a1a-F11, but their relationships with the archaeological and written records remain unexplored.

Results

We here report genome wide DNA data for 11 ancient samples (0.02x-1.28x) from China ranging from 6500 to 2500 years before present (YBP), which also includes ~11 Mb Y NRY data for one sample. The 11 ancient samples belonged to 4 different genetic groups, designated as Dashanqian (DSQ) of Xiajiadian Culture in the Northeast, Duzhong (DZ) of late Yangshao Culture in the Central Plains, Zhengzhou Xishan (ZX) of Miaodigou Culture in the Central Plains, and Others. Present day F5 samples were closer in autosomal distances to the ZX and DSQ groups while O1, O2, and C samples were closer to the DZ group. We also sequenced the Y chromosome of one of these ancient samples K12 from DSQ and found both K12 and a previously reported ~4000 year old sample MG48 from Northwest China to have the O2a2b1a1a1a2a-F2137 haplotype, belonging to the most prolific branch O2a2b1a1a1-F438 immediately under F5. We further found close relationships between ZX and DSQ and between ZX and ancient M117 Tibetans or present day Southwest Dai Chinese carrying the F5 subtype O2a2b1a1a6.

Conclusions

The results imply radiations of F5 subtypes from the putative place of F5 origin in Henan. These results are remarkably consistent with archaeological and written records.
Genome-wide association study reveals new loci for yield-related traits in Sichuan wheat germplasm under stripe rust stress
Authors: Ye Xueling , Li Jian , Cheng Yukun , Yao Fangjie , Long Li , Wang Yuqi , Wu Yu , Li Jing , Wang Jirui , Jiang Qiantao , Kang Houyang , Li Wei , Qi Pengfei , Lan Xiujin , Ma Jian , Liu Yaxi , Jiang Yunfeng , Wei Yuming , Chen Xianming , Liu Chunji , Zheng Youliang , Chen Guoyue 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

As one of the most important food crops in the world, increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is an urgent task for global food security under the continuous threat of stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in many regions of the world. Molecular marker-assisted breeding is one of the most efficient ways to increase yield. Here, we identified loci associated to multi-environmental yield-related traits under stripe rust stress in 244 wheat accessions from Sichuan Province through genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 44059 polymorphic markers from the 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip.

Results

A total of 13 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to be highly associating to yield-related traits, including 6 for spike length (SL), 3 for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), 2 for kernel weight per spike (KWPS), and 2 for both TKW and KWPS, in at least two test environments under stripe rust stress conditions. Of them, ten QTLs were overlapped or very close to the reported QTLs, three QTLs, QSL.sicau-1AL, QTKW.sicau-4AL, and QKWPS.sicau-4AL.1, were potentially novel through the physical location comparison with previous QTLs. Further, twenty-one candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport.

Conclusions

QTLs and candidate genes detected in our study for yield-related traits under stripe rust stress will facilitate elucidating genetic basis of yield-related trait and could be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat yield breeding.
Rola układu immunologicznego w patogenezie oraz progresji płaskonabłonkowego raka głowy i szyi
Authors: Maćkowska Natalia , Sobecka Agnieszka , Golusiński Wojciech , Suchorska Wiktoria M. 
Published: June 2019

Płaskonabłonkowy rak głowy i szyi (HNSCC, ang. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma) to nowotwór wywodzący się z komórek płaskonabłonkowych błon śluzowych jamy ustnej, nosa lub gardła. Pomimo znacznych postępów konwencjonalnych metod leczenia, 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia bez progresji u pacjentów z miejscowo zaawansowanym HNSCC HPV(-) nadal nie przekracza 50%. Niskie wskaźniki przeżycia w połączeniu z wysoką toksycznością stosowanych terapii, podkreślają konieczność wprowadzenia nowych strategii terapeutycznych. Obecne badania potwierdzają, że układ immunologiczny odgrywa kluczową rolę w patogenezie HNSCC. Lepsze zrozumienie mechanizmów molekularnych odpowiedzialnych za ucieczkę komórek nowotworowych spod kontroli układu immunologicznego oraz dokładne poznanie szlaków molekularnych odpowiedzialnych za rozwój płaskonabłonkowego raka głowy i szyi umożliwi opracowanie bardziej efektywnych terapii. Celem pracy jest przegląd wiedzy dotyczącej roli układu odpornościowego w ucieczce komórek nowotworowych HNSCC spod nadzoru immunologicznego.
Microbiome network analysis of co-occurrence patterns in anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste
Authors: Orellana Esteban , Davies-Sala Carol , Guerrero Leandro D. , Vardé Ignacio , Altina Melisa , Lorenzo María Cielo , Figuerola Eva L. , Pontiggia Rodrigo M. , Erijman Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Addition of food waste (FW) as a co-substrate in anaerobic digesters of wastewater treatment plants is a desirable strategy towards achievement of the potential of wastewater treatment plants to become energy-neutral, diverting at the same time organic waste from landfills. Because substrate type is a driver of variations in phylogenetic structure of digester microbiomes, it is critical to understand how microbial communities respond to changes in substrate composition and concentration. In this work, high throughput sequencing was used to monitor the dynamics of microbiome changes in four parallel laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludge during acclimation to an increasing amount of food waste. A co-occurrence network was constructed using data from 49 metagenomes sampled over the 161 days of the digesters' operation. More than half of the nodes in the network were clustered in two major modules, i.e. groups of highly interconnected taxa that had much fewer connections with taxa outside the group. The dynamics of co-occurrence networks evidenced shifts that occurred within microbial communities due to the addition of food waste in the co-digestion process. A diverse and reproducible group of hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria, syntrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea appeared to grow in a concerted fashion to allow stable performance of anaerobic co-digestion at high FW.
MODIFICATION OF TOOL FOR MOVING TRACK SEGMENTS IN DELTA DESIGN CAD
Authors: Gladkevich A. Yu. 
Published: June 2019

Describes the process of improving and developing tools in computer‑aided design system Delta Design. Currently, the modern process of PCB development is quite complex and time‑consuming process. Existing CAD systems make it easier to design a printed circuit Board model by providing powerful development tools. Along with the increasing complexity of modern printed circuit boards, the requirements for development tools are also growing, making them constantly improve. Using the example of the Delta Design system, the process of improving the tool for moving track segments is described. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing tool is made, and the decision on the need to develop a new algorithm is justified. Of the two proposed variants of such an algorithm, the optimal one was chosen in terms of the quality of the result obtained and the convenience of operation.
INFORMATION AND LOGISTICS TECHNOLOGIES AS FOUNDATION OF LEAN MANUFACTURING AT DEFENSE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Surovtseva T. G. , Andreev I. A. 
Published: June 2019

The  article  describes  the  existing  information  and  logistics  technologies  (ILT)  and  management  information  systems  (MIS).  Currently  there  are  several  difficulties  with  the  use  of  ILT  and  MIS  in  the  field  of  military‑industrial  complex  (MIC).  Defense  enterprises need competent implementation and application of modern ILT and IMS to optimize their production and economic activities and reduce costs in the production of products. The essence of the methodology of lean manufacturing (LM) based on the application of ILT is revealed. The concept of LM is aimed at managing the production enterprise and is used to reduce all types of losses in material and information flows of value creation. Describes the experience of LM implementation at Obukhovsky zavod. Examples of application of LM tools in the implementation of production projects are given.
MODERN SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ROBOTIC VISION TO CREATE A UNIVERSAL CYBERNETIC PLATFORM
Authors: Danishevskiy O. V. , Parfenov A. V. , Stankevich V. V. 
Published: June 2019

The article describes modern solutions used to create vision systems for autonomous robotic complexes, a device for controlling video sensors, methods for obtaining stereo images, processing and further using them in the navigation system. A functional diagram of the organization of the robotic vision system, which is part of the NIIVK M. A. Kartsev Computing System Research and Development Institute, platform, a brief description of its functions and principles of action. The proposed solution involves placing a pair of optical sensors in the head of the robot, simulating the binocular stereoscopic vision inherent in higher animals. A feature of the development is the rejection of the use of laser, infrared, radio frequency, ultrasound and other active emitters, which reduces energy costs and the cost of products without reducing their reliability.
AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR REAL–TIME SWITCHING TO RESERVE RADIO CHANNEL
Authors: Skvarnik I. S. , Shmakov A. A. , Shentyabin A. N. , Minin I. V. 
Published: June 2019

Guaranteed delivery of information via communication channels remains an urgent task for a number of industries. However, automatic transition to the reserve for analog communication channels requires non‑standard solutions. In the proposed device, the decision on switching to the reserve is made on the basis of spectral analysis of signals transmitted via the main and backup communication channels. A wired communication channel is considered as the main channel, and a wireless broadband access channel is used as a backup channel. The signal transmitted over the wireless broadband access is taken as a reference because it is of high quality and which we can influence when building a network. The spectrum of analog signals is calculated on the basis of the fast Fourier transform, the implementation of which is carried out in the analog signal block based on the STM‑32 microcontroller. The device provides a transition to the reserve in real time.
METHODS FOR IMPLEMENTING NEURAL NETWORK HYDROACOUSTICS ALGORITHMS BASED ON HETEROGENEOUS HARDWARE PLATFORM GRIFON
Authors: Alekseev G. G. , Alekseeva E. A. , Galagan P. V. , Sorokin A. P. , Sorokin S. А. 
Published: June 2019

Recently, there has been an increase of interest in creating new neural network hydroacoustics algorithms, for example, test sites in the Arctic are being created to evaluate the effectiveness of target detection and to ensure the safety of the Canadian North. The open architecture allows you to adapt hardware to new threats or economic interests. Not only the equipment of radiation and reception of hydroacoustic systems is improved, but also their processing. The article discusses the ways of improvement and the principles of building specialized computers based on the GRIFON hardware platform, providing control and signal processing in mobile and stationary sonar systems. We consider an example of creating a complex that demonstrates the capabilities of the equipment and the prospects for creating calculators with high parameters and minimal mass‑dimensional characteristics. Described in detail the structure and principles of the mathematical software of specialized computer. Comparative characteristics of the proposed algorithms that can be used to optimize signal processing paths and the volume of digital equipment are given.
USE OF DEEP MACHINE LEARNING METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR DESIGNING ALGORITHMS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY SIGNAL RECOGNITION IN BIONIC PROSTHESIS
Authors: Yarygin A. A. , Aytbaev B. H. , Kanyshev A. Yu. , Alekseeva E. A. 
Published: June 2019

For sterling application of scientific and engineered achievements in field of bionic prosthesis it’s required to provide comfortable and natural human‑prosthesis interface for an end‑user. In this article we are looking into ways and methods of analysis of the signal collected through electromyography activity of muscles on the skin surface. Such signal is nonstationary and unstable by its nature, dependent on various factors. sEMG based interface has several unsolved problem at the moment, such as insufficient accuracy of recognition and noticeable delay caused by signal recognition and processing. Article is dedicated to application of deep machine learning required to provide decent recognition of electromyography signals. In the course of the research hardware was developed to register muscle activity. Data collecting system and algorithms of gesture recognition have been designed as well. In conclusion decent results were achieved by using convolutional neural network, with two‑dimensional input, since data stream has obvious translational orientation. In the future, modification of neural network architecture, learning algorithms and experiments with structure of data are planned.
EXAMPLE OF ADAPTIVE STRATEGY OF PROJECTS’ IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Orlov I. V. , Pryadko S. A. 
Published: June 2019

Example of fulfillment of two projects by enterprise on determined time horizon is considered in the article. It is necessary to estimate average possible income from the work on projects as well as to try to outwork strategy in cases of different situations, which may arise while work. Link to algorithm is shown described earlier in other article as well as its short description. The algorithm uses elements of dynamic programming of Markov’s chains. It is suggested to find probabilities of changes from one condition into another with use of rework of experts’ judgments. It is told about possible situations in the process of projects’ implementation, about possible income, about possible expenses. Methods of evaluation of events’ probability while works’ fulfillment and relevant methods of calculation of average income are shown.
O namoro do sol e da lua: controvérsias entre documentário ficcional e documentário etnográfico
Authors: Devos Rafael 
Published: June 2019

É sempre uma tarefa difícil, nas discussões sobre cinema, estabelecer as diferenças entre o cinema documentário e o cinema de ficção. Arte da ilusão, máquina do imaginário, o cinema produz imagens a partir da realidade, constrói com imagens outras “realidades”. A discussão poderia parar na arte pela arte (um filme é apenas um filme), até que essa arte ilusória resolvesse encontrar a Ciência, ou melhor, quando a Antropologia, ciência dos encontros, das diferenças e semelhanças entre os homens, resolvesse produzir imagens e pensar sobre homens produzindo imagens do “outro”, do diferente. Mas essa discussão é posterior a toda uma tradição de cinema, de cientistas, mágicos, lunáticos, empresários, inventores e outros “possuídos pela imaginação” que fizeram do cinema uma linguagem que se constituiu oscilando entre a busca da ilusão da realidade e o registro de realidades. O próprio termo documentário só foi utilizado a partir de 1940. Até então, o que se tinha eram filmes. Neste texto, apresento uma reconstituição da trajetória dessa linguagem cinematográfica e do próprio documentário, pensando as intenções e as técnicas que culminaram nas diferentes tendências atuais do documentário, estando entre elas, o documentário etnográfico.
As figurações de lendas e mitos históricos na construção da cidade tropical
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da 
Published: June 2019

Desde os tempos modernos a cidade é representada pela utopia de um espaço destinado a liberdade e a democracia. No entanto, paradoxalmente, a cidade urbano industrial como aglomeração densa de grupos humanos resultou nos mais diversos arranjos do espaço de vida coletiva. Através de estratégias finas e capilares de seu próprio percurso, a cidade moderna acabou produzindo o seu contrário e criando, em linhas gerais, processos de esquadrinhamento do espaço e das linhas de compartilhamento de seu território, das quais resultaram inúmeras práticas policialescas e redutoras por parte do poder público, responsável pela organização da vida social no meio urbano. Para se compreender os dispositivos simbólicos que orientam tais paradoxos da fundação da cidade moderna, da qual somos herdeiros, há que se ressaltar que os dispositivos urbanos situam-se no centro do desenvolvimento técnico e material das sociedades humanas que se desenharam na superfície do globo terrestre. Das grandes civilizações agrícolas até os dias de hoje, tais dispositivos guardam o testemunho dos gestos e técnicas de suas comunidades de origem na forma como elas procederam (e procedem) seus ritos e mitos de possessão territorial. Inspirando-se nos trabalhos de mitocrítica e mitanálise de G. Durand, pode-se salientar cinco estruturas funcionais que orientam a fundação da Cidade humana como obra da cultura, organizadas em duas grandes classes de imagens e símbolos sociais. Portanto, a cidade moderna, como obra da cultura, pode ser, assim, interpretada a partir das suas “estruturas funcionais” de origem e das suas respectivas classes de imagens e símbolos arcaicos veiculados por seus mitos de fundação, os quais presidiriam o arranjo da vida coletiva no interior das distintas formas de aglomerações.
Tecnologias audiovisuais na construção de narrativas etnográficas, um percurso de investigação
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da 
Published: June 2019

Perscrutar os usos da imagem na produção dos saberes antropológicos encerra uma pergunta complexa para o próprio antropólogo: Qual o lugar que ocupa o “dinamismo prospectivo” da imaginação criadora no projeto de entendimento humano? A Antropologia tem hesitado freqüentemente entre enfocar o sentido da imagem a partir de uma derivação lógica de representação do mundo social ou adotá-la como topos aberto à estética do imaginário na busca de realização da obra etnográfica. Retomando a simbólica da imagem como reveladora de algo mais do que ela encerra como "coisa", este artigo ensaia investigar a força da imagem técnica na construção de narrativas visuais em Antropologia, em meio a outros suportes tecnológicos - a oralidade, a escrita, as redes eletrônicas. Herdeira dos saberes científicos produzidos no berço de uma civilização iconoclasta, na qual o conhecimento da totalidade do objeto se desvinculou progressivamente da participação da totalidade do sujeito, a Antropologia tem se furtado a refletir sobre o problema epistemológico acerca do lugar que a imaginação criadora ocupa na construção de suas narrativas etnográficas. Da mesma forma, esta matriz disciplinar tem evitado o debate em torno da conjunção de juízos estéticos e reflexivos nas suas adoções metodológicas. Este artigo é uma tentativa de abordar o tema da construção e análise da imagem técnica, tendo como ponto de reflexão a Antropologia do imaginário, dedicando especial atenção aos modos de composição empregados pela Antropologia visual para a realização de suas etnografias.
Percorrendo as marcas de distintas temporalidade no Bairro Bonfim: exercício de etnografia nas ruas de um bairro
Authors: Eckert Cornelia , Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da , Zamboni Vanessa 
Published: June 2019

A Antropologia urbana, realizada no âmbito das pesquisas com sociedades urbano-industriais, tem por objetivo compreender de que modo os fenômenos sociais são produzidos, reproduzidos e vivenciados na vida cotidiana do homem comum. Esta área de conhecimento em seus primórdios preocupou-se em estudar e conviver com “povos exóticos” aos antropólogos e a sua própria cultura. No decorrer de seus trabalhos de campo os antropólogos enfrentaram diversas dificuldades e aprenderam a transformar estas dificuldades iniciais em condição e instrumento de pesquisa (MAGNANI, 1984). Em sociedades em que os padrões culturais se encontram muito diferentes dos seus é necessário que o antropólogo esteja atento a diferentes gestos, palavras, hábitos, etc, por mais que pareçam banais e insignificantes. E é nesse ponto que reside à máxima antropológica “estranhar o familiar.” (DaMatta, 1974) Para um antropólogo que estuda em sua própria sociedade um dos maiores desafios é a familiaridade, podendo se transformar em obstáculo, pois ela pode representar idéias pré-concebidas, ou acaba por simplesmente banalizar aspectos importantes do cotidiano dos grupos estudados. Nesse sentido, a escolha pelo universo de pesquisa que é um bairro de Porto Alegre, o BomFim, no qual também sou moradora representa um duplo desafio. Iniciando pelo meu processo de formação de iniciação científica em antropologia, no qual além das disciplinas cursadas na faculdade de Ciências Sociais, o trabalho de campo é uma experiência de iniciação à pesquisa antropológica. Ao observar diretamente no universo de pesquisa, a prática toma um outro tom, na qual juntamente com orientações e leituras de textos sobre o tema pesquisado, passamos a viver na prática dilemas e conflitos de realizar nossas investigações no meio urbano. Relacionando a experiência de estar junto com o outro, observando fenômenos e buscando uma reflexão associada a teorias e métodos e técnicas da própria disciplina aprendendo nos desafios dialogando com antropólogos que realizaram seus trabalhos e podem contribuir com suas experiências e teorias criadas a partir delas. Assim, o desafio é transformar conceitualmente essa experiência seguindo algumas metodologias, técnicas e um aporte conceitual que dê conta dos fenômenos experenciados na vida urbana dos grupos estudados no meio citadino, implicando em um deslocamento epistemológico por parte do pesquisador. Nesse ponto, o estranhamento do familiar, é um processo no qual o investigador que desenvolve pesquisa no meio urbano se depara já que é necessário ir além do superficial, adentrando nos fenômenos, fazendo reflexões, dialogando com as teorias que possam dar conta dos fenômenos encontrados em campo.