bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel guidance model and its application for optimal re-entry guidance
Authors: Jiang C.W. , Zhou G.F. , Yang B. , Gao C.S. , Jing W.X. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAiming at three-dimensional (3D) terminal guidance problem, a novel guidance model is established in this paper, in which line-of-sight (LOS) range is treated as an independent variable, describing the relative motion between the vehicle and the target. The guidance model includes two differential equations that describe LOS’s pitch and yaw motions in which the pitch motion is separately decoupled. This model avoids the inaccuracy of simplified two-dimensional (2D) guidance model and the complexity of 3D coupled guidance model, which not only maintains the accuracy but also simplifies the guidance law design. The application of this guidance model is studied for optimal re-entry guidance law with impact angle constraint, which is presented in the form of normal overload. Compared with optimal guidance laws based on traditional guidance model, the proposed one based on novel guidance model is implemented with the LOS range instead of time-to-go, which avoids the problem of the time-to-go estimation of traditional optimal guidance laws. Finally, the correctness and validity of the guidance model and guidance law are verified by numerical simulation. The guidance model and guidance law proposed in this paper provide a new way for the design of terminal guidance.
Comparison of Disaster Preparedness Between Urban and Rural Community Hospitals in New York State
Authors: Vick Dan J. , Wilson Asa B. , Fisher Michael , Roseamelia Carrie 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe intent of this study was to determine whether there are differences in disaster preparedness between urban and rural community hospitals across New York State.MethodsDescriptive and analytical cross-sectional survey study of 207 community hospitals; thirty-five questions evaluated 6 disaster preparedness elements: disaster plan development, on-site surge capacity, available materials and resources, disaster education and training, disaster preparedness funding levels, and perception of disaster preparedness.ResultsCompleted surveys were received from 48 urban hospitals and 32 rural hospitals.There were differences in disaster preparedness between urban and rural hospitals with respect to disaster plan development, on-site surge capacity, available materials and resources, disaster education and training, and perception of disaster preparedness. No difference was identified between these hospitals with respect to disaster preparedness funding levels.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide an assessment of the current state of disaster preparedness in urban and rural community hospitals in New York. Differences in preparedness between the two settings may reflect differing priorities with respect to perceived threats, as well as opportunities for improvement that may require additional advocacy and legislation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:424-428)
Needs Assessment for a Targeted Health Promotion Campaign
Authors: Tam Greta 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSince the first human A/H7N9 infection in Hong Kong, there has been an ongoing threat of human-to-human transmission, potentially causing a pandemic. Because there is no vaccine for A/H7N9, the individual preventive measures become all the more important for reducing transmission. However, due to the ongoing threat of numerous avian influenza viruses, the public may suffer from pandemic-media-fatigue. This study was done to assess the need for a targeted A/H7N9 health promotion campaign. Steven and Gillam’s framework using epidemiological, comparative, and corporate approaches was used to assess the need for a targeted A/H7N9 health promotion campaign.Local surveillance data showed that Hong Kong faces a double burden of increasing seasonal influenza activity and threat of an avian influenza pandemic. Experts warned of potential severity and difficulties in A/H7N9 control. In contrast, surveys showed that the Hong Kong public were suffering from pandemic-media-fatigue, lacked anxiety, had misconceptions, and were not vigilant in preventive practices. This was more evident in certain demographics. Content analysis showed that health promotion materials were not targeted or tailored in countries with human A/H7N9 cases. Targeted health promotion campaigns and framing the issue to increase public and media awareness are crucial in preventing the current pandemic-media-fatigue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2019;13:596-604)
Early Miocene shallow-water corals from La Guajira, Colombia: part I, Acroporidae–Montastraeidae
Authors: Flórez Paola , Zapata-Ramírez Paula , Klaus James S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe document for the first time Miocene corals from the Siamaná and Jimol formations of the Cocinetas Basin in La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia. This is the first of two contributions dedicated to the description and detailed illustration of morphospecies collected during two scientific expeditions (2011, 2014) to the remote region. Here we report coral morphospecies attributed to the families Acroporidae, Agathiphylliidae, Astrocoeniidae, Caryophylliidae, Diploastraeidae, Merulinidae, and Montastraeidae. Eighteen species belonging to these seven families, included in nine genera, are described. Fifteen species are assigned to established taxa, while three remain in open nomenclature. Of the species identified, onlyMontastraea cavernosa(Linnaeus, 1767) exists today. The coral taxa described are typical of the Oligocene–Miocene transition and were important components of shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico region during this period. The occurrence ofAgathiphylliaspp.,Antiguastrea, andDiploastreaspp. confirms the presence of these genera in the Miocene of the Southern Caribbean. Coral assemblages suggest that the La Guajira coral community thrived in calm and shallow waters.
Discourse context modulates the effect of implicit causality on rementions
Authors: VAN DEN HOVEN EMIEL , FERSTL EVELYN C. 
Published: October 2018

abstractCertain verbs tend to elicit explanations about either their subject or their object. The tendency for one of the verb’s arguments to be rementioned in explanations is known as the implicit causality bias. In this paper we investigate the conditions underlying implicit causality remention biases by means of sentence and story completion studies. On one account of implicit causality, remention biases are the product of a combination of a particular lexico-semantic structure with a causal coherence relation. According to a competing account, the biases arise from a perceived lack of information in the discourse, and thus depend on knowledge about the world and the discourse context. To distinguish between the two accounts, it first needs to be established that information that potentially competes with implicit causality, such as relevant information from the discourse context, can reliably influence remention biases. We provide evidence that a violation of implicit assumptions underlying the standard use of implicit causality verbs leads to different inferences, and an alteration of the remention bias. We thereby lay the groundwork for future studies to distinguish between the two accounts.
The role of the English courts in alternative dispute resolution
Authors: Koo AKC 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine the interaction between the court and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in the legal administration of civil justice. It addresses the following questions. What is the relationship between ADR and the concept of justice? How do we make sense of the anti-ADR views, in particular the serious threat to the rule of law? What role does, and should, the court play in alternative processes? It argues that integrating ADR into the court system broadens the notion of justice and its access, and that, under the rule of law, judges should play a more central role to ensure the use, quality and integrity of alternative processes. This paper extends our understanding of the relationship among justice, ADR and the court from an internal perspective. It also points out the need to expand the case management responsibilities of judges, and their delegates in the Online Court, on ADR.
Power-relational core–periphery structures: Peripheral dependency and core dominance in binary and valued networks
Authors: NORDLUND CARL 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith origins in post-war development thinking, the core–periphery concept has spread across the social and, increasingly, the natural sciences. Initially reflecting divergent socioeconomic properties of geographical regions, its relational connotations rapidly led to more topological interpretations. In today's network science, the standard core–periphery model consists of a cohesive set of core actors and a peripheral set of internally disconnected actors. Exploring the classical core–periphery literature, this paper finds conceptual support for the characteristic intra-categorical density differential. However, this literature also lends support to the notions of peripheral dependency and core dominance, power-relational aspects that existing approaches do not capture. To capture such power-relations, this paper suggests extensions to the correlation-based core–periphery metric of Borgatti and Everett (2000). Capturing peripheral dependency and, optionally, core dominance, these extensions allow for either measuring the degree of such power-relational features in given core–periphery partitions, or as part of a criteria function to search for power-relational core–periphery structures. Applied to the binary and valued citation data in Borgatti and Everett (2000), the proposed extensions seemingly capture dependency and dominance features of core–periphery structures. This is particularly evident when, circling back to the original domains of the concept, examining the network of European commodity trade in 2010.
AMS-14C Determination of the Biogenic-Fossil Fractions in Flue Gases
Authors: Quarta Gianluca , Calcagnile Lucio , Cipriano Domenico , D’Elia Marisa , Maruccio Lucio , Ciceri Giovanni , Martinotti Valter 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe determination of the proportion between the biogenic and the fossil-derived fraction in carbon dioxide emissions from industrial stationary sources is a relevant aspect in the frame of the worldwide efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. In this field the 14C-based method has gained importance over the years and has been included in standard protocols accepted at both the national and international levels. The advantages of the method, based on the large difference in terms of 14C signature between fossil and biogenic carbon, are reviewed as well as some critical aspects related to its application. In particular the results of a study aimed at validating the method by analyzing synthetic gas mixtures produced in a dedicated plant and with a tuneable proportion between fossil and biogenic carbon dioxide are presented.
The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria and Alternative Legal Avenues for Protecting Children
Authors: Ogunniyi Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe domestication of child-related treaties is not a straightforward process in Nigeria. Unlike treaties with another thematic focus, the majority of constituent states must give their full consent before any child-related instrument may be domesticated at the federal level and subsequently re-enacted in the domestic states. In many ways, the plural legal orders in the country and the differing perceptions of childhood make consensus difficult to achieve in terms of child rights legislation. In this regard, even though the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has been domesticated (through a contestable procedure), 11 of Nigeria's 36 constituent states have failed to re-enact the domesticating instrument. This study elaborates on this problem, and then examines some instruments that are not affected by the domestication challenges and may offer useful protection to children with regard to certain sectoral aspects, especially child labour and child trafficking.
Effect of mid-line or low-line milking systems on lipolysis and milk composition in dairy goats
Authors: Beltrán M. C. , Manzur A. , Rodríguez M. , Díaz J. R. , Peris C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to investigate how milking in mid-line (ML) affects the lipolysis level and milk composition in goat livestock, in comparison with low-line (LL) milking. The first experiment took place, in triplicate, on an experimental farm. For each replicate, a crossover design (62 goats, two treatments, ML and LL, in two periods each lasting 4 days) was used. Milk samples were taken daily at 0 and 24 h after milking. In the first experimental replicate, some enzymatic coagulation cheeses were made, which were assessed by a panel of tasters at 50 and 100 days of maturation. In the second experiment, the lipolysis level and composition of tank milk from 55 commercial dairy goat farms (25 ML and 30 LL) were analysed, in milk samples taken in three different weeks. The results of the first experiment showed that ML milking increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in raw goat's milk significantly (0.71 v. 0.40 mmol/l, respectively). However, in the milk samples taken from commercial farms the FFA concentration remained unaffected by the milking pipeline height (0.59 v. 0.58 mmol/l for ML and LL, respectively). No significant differences were found in the milk composition, nor in the sensory characteristics in the cured cheeses, which suggests that factors other than the milkline height are able to influence the level of lipolysis under commercial conditions. Therefore, ML milking should not be discouraged, provided that the correct functioning and management of the milking operation and milk storage on the farm is guaranteed.
Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of stingrays on a tropical mudflat
Authors: Lim Kean Chong , Chong Ving Ching , Lim Phaik-Eem , Yurimoto Tatsuya , Loh Kar Hoe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeriodic fish ingressions into intertidal areas during high tide are known to occur on tropical mudflats. This study aimed to elucidate the feeding ground function of coastal mudflats for three common stingray species in the Klang Strait, Malaysia. Stingrays (disc width range from 5.65–54.50 cm) sampled over 17 months using a large barrier net (~2 ha enclosure) at two sampling sites were examined for their diet composition, prey frequency and prey volume according to predator species and maturity. The index of relative importance and Schoener's index of diet overlap were calculated. The three stingray species fed on relatively similar prey items which varied in size and contribution.Brevitrygon heterurafed on the widest range of prey taxa (28) whereasHemitrygon bennetti(22) andTelatrygon biasa(17) showed higher prey specialization. The Penaeidae (dominantlyMetapenaeus brevicornisandM. affinis) were the most important food item in the stingray diet which also included Actinopterygii, Amphipoda, Brachyura and Calanoida. The stingray diet showed an ontogenetic shift, with young stingrays tending to be generalists whereas the more mature stingrays (exceptH. bennetti) become more specialized in their feeding habits. This shift in feeding strategy reflects the diversity of prey taxa abundantly available to young stingrays on the mudflats, while the larger stingrays adapt to feed on larger prey once they enter deeper waters.
The need for Inuit parents’ perspectives on outdoor risky play
Authors: Bauer Michelle E.E. , Giles Audrey R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParents’ perspectives on their children’s outdoor risky play behaviours influence their children’s adoption of safety strategies and their children’s approach to risky and dangerous situations (Brussoni & Olsen, 2011). Over the past decade, researchers have explored many Canadian mothers’ and fathers’ perspectives on this topic; however, to date, there has been a lack of research on Indigenous parents’ perspectives, particularly those of Inuit parents. This lack of research means that Inuit families are unaccounted for in research used to create and promote safety policies and practices in Canada. The present research commentary is the first to address the urgent need for research on northern Canadian Inuit parents’ perspectives on outdoor risky play. Specifically, outdoor risky play is defined, and Inuit children’s outdoor play experiences are compared to non-Inuit children’s experiences. Further, Inuit children’s experiences of injury are discussed to further situate the dire need to work with the most vulnerable population in Canada – Inuit – in child injury prevention research.
Knowledge machines
Authors: Smart Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe World Wide Web has had a notable impact on a variety of epistemically relevant activities, many of which lie at the heart of the discipline of knowledge engineering. Systems like Wikipedia, for example, have altered our views regarding the acquisition of knowledge, while citizen science systems such as Galaxy Zoo have arguably transformed our approach to knowledge discovery. Other Web-based systems have highlighted the ways in which the human social environment can be used to support the development of intelligent systems, either by contributing to the provision of epistemic resources or by helping to shape the profile of machine learning. In the present paper, such systems are referred to asknowledge machines. In addition to providing an overview of the knowledge machine concept, the present paper reviews a number of issues that are associated with the scientific and philosophical study of knowledge machines. These include the potential impact of knowledge machines for the theory and practice of knowledge engineering, the role of social participation in the realization of knowledge-based processes, and the role of standardized, semantically enriched data formats in supporting thead hocassembly of special-purpose knowledge systems and knowledge processing pipelines.
Mortality at Music Festivals: An Update for 2016-2017 – Academic and Grey Literature for Case Finding
Authors: Turris Sheila A. , Jones Tracie , Lund Adam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn 2016, the authors published a paper on music festival fatalities between the years 1999 and 2014 (n=722). In this Special Report, they provide an update on fatalities reported at music festivals globally for the period 2016-2017 (n=201). Using a search strategy designed to capture grey literature and media reports of music festival fatalities, reports of the overall frequency and cause-of-death breakdown for publicly reported, festival-related deaths are recorded. This update shows an increase in the frequency of festival-related fatality reports during the new period, together with an increase in the number of deaths attributable to terror (n=60) and overdose/poisoning (n=41). Drawing conclusions about the cause of this increase is challenging given the growth in Internet use, online media reports, and number of music festivals occurring annually when compared with the previous reporting period. The authors re-emphasize the need for a uniform reporting standard and reliable epidemiological data for fatalities related to music festivals, mass gatherings, and special events.TurrisSA, JonesT, LundA. Mortality at music festivals: an update for 2016-2017 – academic and grey literature for case finding. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):553–557.
Relative validity of brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire among very old Japanese aged 80 years or older
Authors: Kobayashi Satomi , Yuan Xiaoyi , Sasaki Satoshi , Osawa Yusuke , Hirata Takumi , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Michiyo , Arai Yasumichi , Masui Yukie , Ishizaki Tatsuro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveDietary questionnaires for assessing dietary intakes among populations of individuals aged 80 years or older (the very old) are very limited. We examined the relative validity of forty-three nutrients and twenty-seven food groups estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) targeting very old Japanese, using semi-weighed dietary records (DR) as a reference.DesignBetween June and August 2012 and between June 2015 and February 2016, a three-day non-consecutive DR (at two-week intervals) and a BDHQ were completed.SettingTokyo, the capital prefecture of Japan.SubjectsEighty very old Japanese (thirty-six men and forty-four women) aged 82–94 years.ResultsThe median intakes of 40–70 % of the crude and energy-adjusted nutrients estimated by the BDHQ were significantly different from those estimated by the DR. The median Spearman’s correlation coefficient of nutrient intakes between the BDHQ and the DR was 0·39–0·46. About half (48–56 %) of the food groups were significantly different in terms of the median intakes estimated by the BDHQ and the DR in crude and energy-adjusted values. The median Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the BDHQ and the DR was 0·45–0·48.ConclusionsAcceptable Spearman’s correlations (≥0·3) were obtained for many dietary intakes among the very old Japanese population. The BDHQ is a good candidate for epidemiological studies among very old Japanese, although, for some nutrients and food groups, the difficulty of estimating accurate median intakes is one of the limitations for the tool. Further efforts to enhance the validity of the BDHQ for very old populations are needed.
Disparity Surface Reconstruction Based on a Stereo Light Microscope and Laser Fringes
Authors: Wang Yuezong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroscopic vision systems based on a stereo light microscope (SLM) are used in microscopic measuring fields. Conventional measuring methods output the disparity surface based on stereo matching methods; however, these methods require that stereo images contain sufficient distinguishing features. Moreover, matching results typically contain many mismatched points. This paper presents a novel method for disparity surface reconstruction by combining an SLM and laser measuring techniques. The surfaces of small objects are scanned by a laser fringe, and a stereo image sequence containing laser stripes is obtained. The central contours of the laser stripes are extracted, and central contours are derived for alignment. A disparity coordinate system is then defined and used to analyze the relationship between the motion direction and reference plane. Next, the method of aligning disparity contours is proposed. The results show that our method can achieve a precision of ±0.5 pixels and that the real and measured shapes described by the disparity surface are consistent based on our method. Our method is confirmed to perform much better than the conventional block-matching method. The disparity surface output obtained by our method can be used to measure the surface profiles of microscopic objects accurately.