bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controle químico de plantas daninhas em povoamentos de restauração florestal
Authors: Santos Flávio Augusto Monteiro dos , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos , Santana João Elves da Silva , Nascimento Daniel Ferreira do , Machado Aroldo Ferreira Lopes 
Published: December 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o emprego do tratamento químico, com herbicida a base de glifosato, na formação de povoamentos de restauração florestal em áreas com predominância de braquiária, em comparação ao controle mecânico. O tratamento químico foi realizado através de capina em faixas de 1,2 m, antes do plantio, e quando a braquiária apresentava altura média de 30 cm, aplicando-se glifosato na dose de 1,44 kg ha-1, nas entrelinhas. O tratamento com controle mecânico consistiu de capinas em faixas de 1,2 m nas linhas de plantio e roçadas nas entrelinhas. Utilizaram-se 10 espécies arbóreas, plantadas no espaçamento 3,2 x 1,7 m. Avaliou-se sobrevivência e crescimento em altura das espécies aos 6, 18 e 30 meses após o plantio e o diâmetro ao nível do solo aos 30 meses. Os custos envolvidos na aplicação e na manutenção de cada tratamento, até 30 meses após o plantio, também foram avaliados. A taxa de sobrevivência sofreu pouca influência dos tratamentos utilizados. Em todas as épocas de avaliação do tratamento químico, as 10 espécies florestais obtiveram maior crescimento em altura, comportamento semelhante ao diâmetro ao nível do solo aos 30 meses. O tratamento mecânico apresentou custo de manutenção, aproximadamente, três vezes superior ao tratamento com glifosato.
The Industrialist and the Artist: László Moholy-Nagy, Walter Paepcke, and the New Bauhaus in Chicago, 1918–46
Authors: Malherek Joseph 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In 1937, a group of businessmen organized as the Association of Arts and Industries, on the recommendation of German Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius, invited the Hungarian artist and designer László Moholy-Nagy to Chicago to reestablish the Bauhaus school of design, which the Nazis had shut down in 1933. Moholy-Nagy, who was exiled in England at the time, had been a prominent member of the Bauhaus faculty. Although the New Bauhaus was forced to close in 1938 after less than a year in operation owing to the association's withdrawal of financial support, Container Corporation president Walter Paepcke helped Moholy establish the School of Design in Chicago in 1939, which retained the Bauhaus pedagogy and several members of its faculty. Moholy led the design school, which changed its name to the Institute of Design in 1944, until his death in 1946. Drawing on archival resources at the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois, Chicago, this essay looks at Moholy's immigration to the United States and his close relationship with Paepcke, an arts patron who created jobs for other Bauhaus designers including Herbert Bayer. Moholy and Paepcke attempted to incorporate the socialistic Bauhaus pedagogy with the practical demands of capitalistic American business. Their close personal and professional relationship reveals the limits and possibilities of such a cultural and economic fusion.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Air Conditioner Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Zhiting , Wang Yuhua , Zhou Yuexia 
Published: December 2018

The essence of intelligent fault diagnosis is to classify the feature of faults by machine learning. It is difficult and key to extract fault characteristics of signals efficiently. The general feature extraction methods include time frequency domain feature extraction, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Wavelet Transform and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). However, these methods require a certain prior experience and require reasonable analysis and processing of the signals. In this paper, in order to effectively extract the fault characteristics of the air conditioner's vibration signal, the stacked automatic encoder (SAE) is used to extract the feature of air conditioner’s vibration signal, and the Softmax function is used to identify the air conditioner's working condition. The SAE performs unsupervised learning on the signal, and Softmax function performs supervised learning on the signal. The number of hidden layers and the number of hidden layer's nodes are determined through experiments. The effects of learning rate, learning rate decay, regularization, dropout, and batch size on the correct rate of the model in supervised learning and unsupervised learning are analyzed. Thereby realizing the fault diagnosis of the air conditioner. The recognition correct rate of deep learning model reached 99.92\%. The deep learning fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper is compared with EMD and SVM, VMD and SVM two kind of fault diagnosis methods.
Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl butyral/zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanocomposite ultrafiltration membranes to improve water flux
Authors: Shafiei Maryam , Hajian Morteza 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAddition of porous nanoparticle zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) to the ultrafiltration membrane of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) improves membrane performance. In this research, first ZIF‐8 was synthesized, and its structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The membrane was made by phase inversion process, and its morphology was investigated by SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle. The results of the SEM reveal that the amount of finger‐like structures and porosity in the nanocomposite membrane increased compared to the pure membrane. The water contact angle measurement showed that the membrane hydrophilicity is increased through addition of the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. The increase in hydrophilicity leads to the increase in water flux and decrease in fouling. Surface roughness is reduced by addition of the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles, which causes attachment of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein on the membrane surface more difficult. Therefore, fouling declined, and stability and durability of the membrane are increased. The results showed the increase in pure water flux and BSA rejection with increasing the ZIF‐8 loading up to 3 wt%, and then, it is slightly decreased by addition of 4 wt% ZIF‐8. The pure water flux reduction was due to the agglomeration of the nanoparticles at 4% content and blockage of pore membrane. The pure water flux of the ZIF‐8/PVB membrane at 3.0 wt% loading is increased to 107%, compared with the pure PVB membrane.
Gastrointestinal illness among contract construction workers at a chicken processing facility—Minnesota, 2016
Authors: Hall Victoria , Scheftel Joni , Holzbauer Stacy , Smith Kirk 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAfter Campylobacter infection was reported in a contract construction worker (contractor) at a chicken processing facility, we described the illness and determined illness associations with workforce exposure.MethodsCase finding was conducted by reportable disease surveillance and contractor interviews. A case was defined as either diarrhea and fever, or diarrhea lasting ≥3 days during January‐September, 2016.ResultsFourteen cases were identified among 74 contractors interviewed; four were laboratory‐confirmed (two Campylobacter, two Salmonella). Cases were more likely to perform electrical work (odds ratio [OR] 10.4, P < 0.001), take breaks in unofficial areas (OR 6.4, P = 0.01), bring drinks into work areas (OR 4.2, P = 0.02), and have contact with poultry fluids (OR 6.4, P = 0.03). Only 23 (31%) contractors reported infectious disease prevention training.ConclusionsThis outbreak emphasizes the importance of training contractors for all potential hazards. Host employers and staffing agencies share responsibility for contractor safety.
Dynamic tensile and shear storage moduli of PEG/silica‐polymorph composites
Authors: Fauziyah Nur Aini , Hilmi Allif Rosyidy , Fadly Teuku Andi , Asrori Mohamad Zainul , Mashuri Mashuri , Pratapa Suminar 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of silica polymorphs on the thermomechanical properties of 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % silica particles‐reinforced‐based poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) composites have been studied as a function of temperature using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The silica polymorphs exhibited quartz (Q), cristobalite (C), and amorphous (A) phases, which were obtained by processing natural silica sand. The DMA thermomechanical properties were determined in tensile (E) and shear (G) modes. The maximum storage moduli (E′ and G′) were achieved by samples with 20 wt % silica for all type of fillers. These values increased approximately 12 times for PEG/Q, 10 times for PEG/A, and 11 times for PEG/C composites compared to the pure PEG. Furthermore, the Poisson's ratio values of the composites were filler phase dependent, that is, 0.39–0.47 for PEG/Q, 0.15–0.18 for PEG/A, and somewhat anomalous for PEG/C composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47372.
Risk factors for congenital microcephaly in the pre‐Zika era
Authors: Kerr Stephen M. , Van Bennekom Carla M. , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Zika epidemic has brought increased attention to congenital microcephaly as a birth outcome. However, little is known about risks for microcephaly unrelated to Zika.MethodsUsing data from the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study from 1993 to 2015, we identified 57 cases of microcephaly alone (“isolated”) and 109 cases of microcephaly that included other major birth defects (“non‐isolated”), and considered a large number of potential risk factors including demographic characteristics, illnesses, and medications used during pregnancy. Where numbers permitted, we used logistic regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSubstantial differences in risk factors were observed for isolated versus non‐isolated microcephaly. For isolated microcephaly, risk estimates were elevated for mothers of non‐Hispanic, non‐White race/ethnicity, and underweight pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI). The risk for exposure anytime in pregnancy to acetaminophen was null; in contrast, the aOR for NSAIDs was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3–4.2). This association was weakened (but not eliminated) after excluding those exposed to opioids or illicit drugs, and risk was not present among those reporting less frequent exposures. For non‐isolated microcephaly, elevated risk estimates were found for urinary tract infection.ConclusionsRisk factors differed for isolated and non‐isolated microcephaly. While some findings support previously reported associations, (e.g., smoking, alcohol, underweight BMI), we also identified risk factors not previously described, notably NSAID use for isolated microcephaly and urinary tract infection for non‐isolated microcephaly; however, these results should be viewed as hypothesis generating.
Outcomes of multivessel vs culprit lesion‐only percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: Evidence from an updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Kundu Amartya , Sardar Partha , Kakouros Nikolaos , Malhotra Rohit , Kolte Dhaval , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Abbott JD , Fisher Daniel Z. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis updated meta‐analysis evaluated outcomes with multi‐vessel (MV‐PCI) vs culprit lesion‐only percutaneous coronary intervention (CL‐PCI), in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS).BackgroundThere is considerable debate regarding the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with AMI and CS, particularly regarding management of non‐culprit lesions.MethodsDatabases were searched for studies comparing MV‐PCI and CL‐PCI in patients with AMI and CS. The primary outcome of interest was short‐term all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included long‐term mortality, repeat revascularization and myocardial reinfarction. Safety outcomes were stroke, acute renal failure and major bleeding. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random‐effects models.ResultsOur meta‐analysis consisting of 14 studies (13 observational, 1 RCT) involving 8,552 patients showed that in comparison to CL‐PCI, MV‐PCI was associated with similar short‐term mortality (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.9–1.43), as well as similar long‐term mortality (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.68–1.28). There was no significant difference in the risk of myocardial reinfarction (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.76–1.86), or repeat revascularization (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.41–1.55) between the two groups. Compared to CL‐PCI, MV‐PCI was associated with a similar risk of bleeding (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.91–1.40) and stroke (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.84–1.96), but a higher risk of developing renal failure (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.05–1.65).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggests that there is a higher risk of renal failure with no additional benefit in efficacy outcomes with MV‐PCI, compared to CL‐PCI in patients with AMI and CS.
Two sides of weight bias in adolescent binge‐eating disorder: Adolescents’ perceptions and maternal attitudes
Authors: Pötzsch Anne , Rudolph Almut , Schmidt Ricarda , Hilbert Anja 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents with binge‐eating disorder (BED) are suffering from weight teasing and, as found in adult BED, are likely to internalize weight bias. Weight teasing by mothers accounts for psychopathology in overweight (OW), but stigmatization sources are largely unknown in BED. This study sought to address weight bias in adolescents with OW and BED by examining adolescents’ perceived parental weight teasing and weight bias internalization in relation to their eating disorder psychopathology and maternal stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs.MethodAdolescents with OW and BED (BED; n = 40) were compared to a socio‐demographically matched group with OW only and a normal‐weight control group (NW; each n = 25). They filled out the Perception of Teasing Scale, with parents as the source of teasing, the Weight Bias Internalization Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire. Their mothers filled out the Attitudes Toward and Beliefs about Obese Persons Scales.ResultsSignificantly higher perceived parental weight teasing and weight bias internalization were found in BED compared to OW and NW. Maternal stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs did not differ significantly between groups and were not correlated with adolescents’ perceptions of being stigmatized. Perceived parental weight teasing was associated with adolescents’ eating disorder psychopathology, however, this association was fully mediated by weight bias internalization.DiscussionResults indicate that adolescents with OW and BED perceive weight teasing in families. As we found no significant association between adolescents’ perceptions of being stigmatized and maternal stigmatizing attitudes, future research should examine parent–child interaction or implicit measures of stigmatizing attitudes.
A single session assessment and psychoeducational intervention for eating disorders: Impact on treatment waitlists and eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Fursland Anthea , Erceg‐Hurn David M. , Byrne Susan M. , McEvoy Peter M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveLong waitlists are common in eating disorder services and can have a detrimental impact on patients. We examined the effect on waitlist length, attendance, and eating disorder symptoms, of a 75–90 min single session intervention (SSI), attended a median of 16 days after referral to a specialist eating disorders clinic.MethodSequential referrals (N = 448) to a public outpatient eating disorders program were tracked from referral until a decision was made on patients entering treatment. One group (“SSI cohort”) received a protocol incorporating assessment and psychoeducation about eating disorders before being placed on a waitlist, after which they received further assessment and entered treatment. Data on patient flow indices were collected from this cohort and compared to data from a “Pre‐SSI” cohort who had not received the SSI. Symptom change was examined in the SSI cohort.ResultsWaitlist length reduced and the proportion of referrals attending assessment and being allocated to treatment increased. Eating disorder symptoms and impairment decreased. Underweight patients (Body Mass Index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2) gained weight.DiscussionThese findings suggest that a single session psychoeducational assessment may reduce waiting times, increase the likelihood of patients entering treatment, and facilitate early reductions in eating disorder symptoms. However, there may be other explanations for the changes observed.
Meta‐analysis of the effects of cognitive‐behavioral therapy for binge‐eating–type disorders on abstinence rates in nonrandomized effectiveness studies: Comparable outcomes to randomized, controlled trials?
Authors: Linardon Jake , Messer Mariel , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for eating disorders is well‐established. The extent to which CBT tested in controlled research settings generalizes to real‐world circumstances is unknown. We conducted a meta‐analysis of nonrandomized studies of CBT for eating disorders, with three aims: (a) to estimate the prevalence of patients who achieve binge‐purge abstinence after CBT in routine practice; (b) to compare these estimates with those derived from two recent meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED); (c) to examine whether the degree of clinical representativeness of studies was associated with effect sizes.MethodTwenty‐seven studies, mainly involving BN, were included. Pooled event rates were calculated using random effects models.ResultsThe percentage of treatment completers who achieved abstinence at post‐treatment was 42.1% (95% CI = 34.7–50.0). The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) estimate was lower (34.6% [95% CI = 29.3–40.4]). However, abstinence rates varied across diagnoses, such that the completer and ITT analysis abstinence estimates were larger for BED samples (completer = 50.2%, 95% CI = 29.4–70.9; ITT = 47.2%, 95% CI = 29.8–65.2) than for BN (completer = 37.4%, 95% CI = 29.1–46.5; ITT = 29.8%, 95% CI = 24.9–35.3) and atypical eating disorder samples (completer = 37.8%, 95% CI = 20.2–59.3; ITT = 28.8%, 95% CI = 18.2–42.4). No relationship between the degree of clinical representativeness and the effect size was observed, and our estimates were highly comparable to those observed in recent meta‐analyses of RCTs.DiscussionFindings suggest that CBT for eating disorder can be effectively delivered in real‐world settings. This study provides evidence for the generalizability of CBT from controlled research settings to routine clinical services.
Preliminary characterization of flint raw material used on prehistoric sites in NW Belgium
Authors: Fiers Géraldine , Halbrucker Éva , De Kock Tim , Laforce Brecht , Vandendriessche Hans , Messiaen Liesbeth , Vincze Laszlo , Crombé Philippe , Cnudde Veerle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aims at analyzing the mineralogical, chemical, and structural characteristics of flint raw material used for the production of prehistoric stone tools in NW Belgium. Understanding these characteristics is important to recognize their value for tool making and even tool use during prehistory. Due to its formation process, flint is defined by a wide variety of internal structures, chemical variations, and impurities. Moreover, alteration processes cause additional chemical and structural changes complicating the study of this material. Archaeological artifacts often display alteration features, mostly expressed as patination or burning, leading them to be regularly discarded from the functional analysis of lithic tools. By not incorporating these artifacts, our understanding of the investigated assemblage is biased. It is therefore important to investigate the influence of flint characteristics on its weathering behavior, and the impact of preservation of prehistoric use‐wear traces on flint artifacts. The characteristics of flint raw material and natural patination were studied using a combination of different techniques, such as macroscopic analysis, optical microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, and high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography. This resulted in a detailed description and distinction of the different flint variants used on prehistoric sites in NW Belgium and a good understanding of patination.
Would a Reasonable Person Now Accept the 1968 Harvard Brain Death Report? A Short History of Brain Death
Authors: Veatch Robert M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhen The Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death began meeting in 1967, I was a graduate student, with committee member Ralph Potter and committee chair Henry Beecher as my mentors. The question of when to stop life support on a severely compromised patient was not clearly differentiated from the question of when someone was dead. A serious clinical problem arose when physicians realized that a patient's condition was hopeless but life support perpetuated body function. Thus, the committee stated that its first purpose was to deal with the burdens on patients and families as well as on hospitals and on patients needing hospital beds occupied by comatose patients. They intuited the strategy of “defining” these patients as dead, thus legitimating treatment stoppage. They noted that this would also serve a second purpose. Although the dead donor rule had not yet been clearly articulated, they claimed that defining patients as dead would also address controversy over obtaining organs for transplant.My mentors’ discussions related to my interest in the intersection between questions primarily of medical fact (When has a human brain irreversibly ceased functioning?) and nonmedical questions of social policy (Should we treat individuals with dead brains and beating hearts as dead humans?). It quickly became clear that most committee members did not appreciate the interplay of these questions.
Beecher Dépassé: Fifty Years of Determining Death, Legally
Authors: Capron Alexander M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFive decades ago, Henry Knowles Beecher, a renowned professor of research anesthesiology, sought to solve a problem created by modern medicine. The solution proposed by Beecher and his colleagues on the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death proved very influential.1 Indeed, other contemporaneous medical developments magnified its significance yet also made the solution it offered somewhat problematic. As we mark this fiftieth anniversary, at a time when concerns about the conceptual model on which its recommendations rested are being voiced by critics from medicine as well as philosophy, it is worthwhile to view the committee's report in relation to the problem that prompted its existence as well as the one to which it was quickly applied.