bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombophlebitis at infusion sites in surgical ward: a clinical study
Authors: Dwivedi Rajeev , Singh Atul Kumar , Gaharwar A. P. S. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Peripheral venous Cannulation is indispensable in admitted patients in surgical ward, thrombophlebitis following infusion is seldom serious, but it effects on postoperative recovery, hospital stay and hence burden of disease are magnanimous. The objective of the study to know the common sites of thrombophlebitis, Frequency of thrombophlebitis in relations to type of fluid and drugs used, and to find out the incidence of thrombophlebitis in relation to diseased condition and type of surgical patient.Methods: this prospective observational study was conducted on 300 patients admitted in surgical ward of S.S Medical College and associated S.G.M. hospital, Rewa (M.P.) patients selected randomly. These Patients were visited daily for any sign and symptoms at infusion site. The incidence of thrombophlebitis according to common infusion sites, in relations to type of fluid and drugs used and in relation to diseased condition and type of surgical patients were recorded. The tool designed to collect the data were sociodemographic Performa and observational check list.Results: In total 300 patients the incidence of thrombophlebits is highest (100%) in Saphenous vein (Lower Limb) minimum (17%) in Basilicvein (Upper Limb). Incidence of thrombophlebitis is higher in earlier days (within 2 days) of infusion with Dextrose containing fluid (D5%+ D10%) and higher in critically ill and emergency operated patients.Conclusions: Thrombophelebitis is still an important ongoing problem in admitted patients in surgical ward. Incidence is highest in saphenous vein, with dextrose containing fluid and in critically ill & emergency operated patients. It has definite relationship with site of infusion site, type of fluid, illness of patients and nature of operation
Prognostic value of peripheral blood eosinophil count on first day of infancy in the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Ahadi Adel , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Alaei Saeid , Ahmadabadi Farzad 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in the neonatal period. Eosinophilia is common in preterm and term newborns, and it is considered when the absolute count of eosinophil is ≥500 cell/mm<sup>3</sup>. It is thought that there was some relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and increasing of blood eosinophil count in newborns hospitalized by jaundice. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of peripheral blood eosinophil count on first day of infancy in the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 150 newborns with gestational ages of 35-40 weeks, born in Ardabil city hospital, were engaged in this study. After obtaining the parents' consent, getting patients biography and their physical examination, we got a blood sample from umbilical cord of newborns to measure differential count of white blood cells. The neonates were observed up to 28 day followed. Then, second blood test conducted for the purpose of measuring serum level of bilirubin. Data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Various group of age, sex, blood type and gestational age showed no significant difference in their eosinophil rate. Total serum bilirubin doesn't had a significant relationship with gestational age, sex, type of delivery and major or minor blood groups of neonates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Results showed that there was no significant relationship between the amount of eosinophil in newborn umbilical cord and total serum bilirubin. So, we could say that newborns eosinophil count isn’t a good criteria for predicating the appearance of neonate hyperbilirubinemia.</p>
Biochemical constituents of gallstones from indigenous blacks of Nigerian origin
Authors: Amadi Collins , Wichendu Promise N. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The biochemical constituents of gallstones predict its etiopathogenesis. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate the biochemical constituents of gallstones from indigenous Nigerian patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a retrospective study of the biochemical constituents of post-operative gallstones from 48 adult patients of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Records on age, sex, and concentrations of gallstone biochemical constituents (total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, and calcium) from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2007 to December 2016 were extrapolated from laboratory records and analyzed using SPSS version 15. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The gallstones were of more females than the males (70.8% versus 29.2%; p=0.004). The mean age of the study cohorts was 46.88±7.96 with age range 31–64 years. No sex difference in age was observed, however, females were younger (males 50.39±8.31 versus females 45.47±7.52; p=0.056) with a lower age range (males 40–64 versus females 31- 63) than the males. The gallstone comprised of cholesterol stones (64.7%), mixed stones (22.9%), and pigment stones (12.5%). Though the females dominated among the three types of gallstones, the predominant stone type in both sexes remained cholesterol stones. Cholesterol lipid was the main constituent of the gallstones with no sex difference (p=0.227).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cholesterol gallstones are the most common type of gallstones in this study and the cholesterol lipid is the most prevalent constituent of these gallstones. The females presented with more of the gallstones disease than the males.</p>
Thyroid dysfunction in region of excess iodine intake of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Thapa Saroj , Lamsal Madhab , Chaudhari Rajendra K. , Gelal Basanta , Kunwar Saroj , Baral Nirmal 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Iodine deficiency as well as iodine excess can result in an increased prevalence of thyroid disorders. The prevalence of excess iodine nutrition is increasing all over the world. The aim of the present study was to find the occurrence of iodine nutrition status in primary school children of Eastern Nepal and find the prevalence of associated thyroid dysfunction among those with excess urinary iodine concentration.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Udayapur district which is located in Eastern part of Nepal. Primary school aged children (6 years to 12 years) were enrolled in this study from three schools. Blood and urine samples were collected and assayed for urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free thyroid hormones (fT<sub>3</sub> and fT<sub>4</sub>), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The median UIC was 232.27 µg/L. The iodine status showed that 15.5% (n=31) had low UIC, 21% (n=42) had above requirement and 36% (n=72) had excessive iodine nutrition status. The mean concentration of fT<sub>3</sub> and fT<sub>4</sub> was 2.87 pg/ml and 1.21 ng/dl respectively, while the median TSH concentration was 3.03 mIU/L. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10% (n=20) with subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common. Majority of participants with subclinical hypothyroidism had excess UIC.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Above requirement and excess iodine nutrition is more common in region where there is unregulated consumption and improper monitoring of iodized salt. Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in regions of excess iodine nutrition.</p>
A prospective study to analyse the outcome of locking compression plating by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis technique in proximal tibial fractures
Authors: D. Anjaneyulu Reddy , P. Krishna Redy 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The proximal tibial fractures are one of the commonest intra articular fractures majority are of high energy fractures. We did the study to measure the outcome of locking compression plating by minimally invasive percutaeneous plate osteosynthesis technique in proximal tibial fractures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Study comprises 20 cases of proximal tibial fractures, which have been managed by MIPPO technique during the period December 2014 to August 2016.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The sex distribution in our study was 18 males and 2 females with 30 to 57 years age. The most common mode of injury in this study was road traffic accident. Type V Schatzker tibial plateau fractures were the commonest in 8 patients. 70% of our patients had excellent and good results in the functional outcome. In our study the average functional knee score was 22.40. The average range of movement achieved was 120 degrees. The average time taken for fracture healing was 16.52 weeks. In conclusion, MIPPO technique gives good to excellent results even in high energy tibial condyle fractures (70% cases in our study). Those who were treated with early fixation and early mobilization were found to have a better functional outcome irrespective of the fracture type. No secondary bone grafting was required.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study reports that MIPPO technique is an effective method of treating proximal tibial fractures due to its overall good functional outcome.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Improved rehabilitation and functional outcome with dedicated joint irrigation at the end of ACL reconstruction
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Kumar Rakesh , Ranjan Rajni , Mahajan Avijit 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> ACL is most common ligament injured during sports. Postoperative pain and swelling is one of the major limiting factors for the rehabilitation of ACL reconstructed patients. Cryotherapy and intra-articular bupivacaine injection are few measures to reduce the pain. One of the main reason for pain is inflammatory mediators, by joint irrigation it reduce the inflammatory mediator that reduce pain and swelling.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We treated 33 patients of ACL injury with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction from July 2015 to April 2017. Postoperative pain and swellings were assed with VAS and suprapatellar fullness. VAS assessment done on 1<sup>st</sup> day, 2<sup>nd</sup> day and 12<sup>th</sup> day and for swelling 2<sup>nd</sup> day and 12<sup>th</sup> day. We had used closed loop endobutton for femur and bioscrew for tibia. In twenty patients at the end of the surgery we used 2 liter saline for joint irrigation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> As a result of wash of pro inflammatory mediators and debris, there were reduced inflammation which reduces pain and swelling. Patients who received irrigation had less VAS score and suprapatellar fullness than the other group. There was better knee flexion on 12<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Adding up a dedicated joint irrigation at the end of surgery does not deviate from standard surgical protocol. No studies have stress upon joint irrigation. It reduce the pain and swelling by reducing inflammation which gives better result.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Determinants of range of motion in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study
Authors: Rao K. Nageswara , Harsha T. S. S. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Total knee replacement (TKR) is to provide a stable painless knee with adequate range of motion (ROM) for daily activities. The aim of the study is to evaluate various factors that influence ROM in cruciate retaining TKR postoperatively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fourty four patients with osteoarthritis knee treated in our institute with TKR using cruciate retaining prosthesis are included in study and analysed prospectively. Mean follow up was 6 months. Patients are analyzed for following factors–age, gender, BMI, preoperative ROM, changes in posterior femoral condylar offset, posterior tibial slope after surgery. Statistical analysis of effect of all factors on knee ROM was done. Assessment was done preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Gender did not affect the final ROM. Mean age of patients is 65. Age has negative correlation with ROM (p=-0.45). The mean knee range improved from 92˚ to 101˚. Factors that negatively affect ROM include, BMI (p=-0.04) and Preoperative flexion deformity (p=-0.03). Factors that positively affect ROM include, knee scores and good preoperative flexion (p=0.001). Males have good amount of flexion preoperatively and post operatively when compared to females.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Preoperative ROM, flexion contracture and BMI are the important factors affecting the range of motion in total knee arthroplasty. Proper counselling of patient preoperatively regarding these various factors and appropriate selection of patient is of utmost important for satisfactory functional outcome.</p>
A study on incidence of various allergens involved in allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing among 150 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Shariff V. N. S. Ahamed , Deepa K. , Balamurugan L. , Nirmala S. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic contact dermatitis is common dermatoses seen among patients attending dermatology clinics. Allergic contact dermatitis is due to delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is made by patch testing. A positive reaction to a patch test commonly proves the cause of dermatitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted<strong> </strong>to estimate the incidence of various allergens among 150 patch test positive patients with allergic contact dermatitis who had attended the dermatology OPD in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, between October 2014 and September 2016. All the details regarding history, examination findings, investigations and patch test results were collected from case records, the data were tabulated and analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Allergic contact dermatitis to cement was the commonest (44.7%), followed by nickel (10%) and plant antigens (9.3%). The commonest allergen to be tested positive was Potassium dichromate (82 cases), followed nickel (15 cases) and formaldehyde (8 cases). Most of the patients were in the age category between 41 and 50 years (47 cases– 31.33%). Male to female ratio was 2.41:1. 14 were atopic individuals (9.33%) by Hanifin and Rajka's criteria. Allergic contact dermatitis in 103 cases of our study were of occupational in origin (67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Avoidance of allergen and proper preventive measures in workplace and day to day activities will lead to significant decrease in the morbidity of the disease and improvement in quality of life in patients with allergic contact dermatitis. </p>
A study of autologous serum skin test and autologous serum therapy in chronic urticaria
Authors: Patel Bharti , Kapadia Komal , Chauhan Khushbu , Bhuptani Neela 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic urticaria (CU) is a vexing problem and patients suffer from the morbidity that arise from irritable itch and wheals and are also subjected to a huge antihistamine pill burden. A subset of patients with CU may have an autoimmune basis for their condition, as shown by a positive skin test to ASST. The objective of the study was to compare efficacy of AST in ASST positive and negative patients and its impact on dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in patients, before and after AST.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, interventional study was conducted in the Department of dermatology (Skin) OPD of our institute from October 2016 to October 2017. Fifty patients were selected randomly and antihistaminics were withdrawn before ASST. Test was performed in all patients and AST was given for 9 weeks in both (ASST positive &amp; negative) groups, along with tablet levocetrizine on demand basis and followed for 4 weeks after completion of 9 weeks of therapy. Total severity score (TSS), urticaria activity score (UAS), dermatologic life quality index (DLQI) were used as primary effective parameters and were recorded at baseline and weekly after each injections of AST.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> UAS and TSS showed significant improvement (&gt;50%) after 5th week in both group patients. DLQI showed higher improvement in ASST positive patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We found significant improvement in ASST positive and ASST negative patients but ASST positive patients required more time to experience the benefit of AST.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
TOZ ENJEKSİYON KALIPLAMA İLE ÜRETİLMİŞ TUNGSTEN KARBÜR PARÇALARDA BAĞLAYICI GİDERME SÜRESİNİN VE PARÇA BOYUTLARININ AĞIRLIK KAYBINA ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: SAMET Kamran , YILMAZ Oğuz , KOÇAK Harun , SAFARİAN Asghar , KARATAŞ Çetin 
Published: April 2018

Toz enjeksiyon
kalıplama (TEK), plastik enjeksiyon kalıplama ve geleneksel toz metalürjisi
tekniklerinin kombinasyonundan ortaya çıkmış bir yöntemdir. Bu metot besleme
stoğunun hazırlanması, besleme stoğunun kalıba enjekte edilmesi, bağlayıcı ayrıştırma
işlemi ve sinterleme olmak üzere dört temel adımdan meydana gelmektedir. TEK’te
bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi, sinterleme sonrasında parçada elde edilecek nihai
mukavemete etki etmektedir. Aynı zamanda bağlayıcı ayrıştırma süresinin
uzunluğu maliyeti arttırmaktadır. Bundan
dolayı bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi esnasında meydana gelen optimum ağırlık
kaybının tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada üç farklı kalınlıkta (4,3;
9,75 ve 12 mm) ve uzunlukta (15, 14, ve 11 mm) numuneler WC-% 9Co besleme
stoğundan TEK yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Daha sonra numuneler 24, 48, 60 ve 72
saat olmak üzere dört farklı sürede, etanol kullanılarak kimyasal bağlayıcı
ayrıştırma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler sonucunda parçanın kalınlığı,
hacmi, yüzey alanı/hacim (Ay/V) oranı ve bağlayıcı ayrıştırma süresinin ağırlık
kaybına etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ham mukavemetli WC-% 9Co
parçalarda yüzey alanı/hacim (Ay/V) oranı arttıkça ağırlık kaybının da arttığı,
kalınlık ve hacmin artması ağırlık kaybını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Etanol
ortamında ve 60°C sıcaklıkta bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi gerçekleştirilen
numunelerde optimum sürenin 60 saat olduğu belirlenmiştir.
TÜRK DİLİNİN ESKİCİL BİR KELİMESİ ALAÇUK: YAPISAL-KÖKENBİLİMSEL BİR ANALİZ
Authors: KARABULUT Ferhat , KAZANLAR ÜRKMEZ Elanur 
Published: April 2018

Toplumların hayat tarzını coğrafya belirler. İbni Haldun,
“coğrafya kaderdir” diyerek, hayat tarzının zaman ve mekânla ilişkisini ortaya
koymuştur. Eski Türk kültürünü; başlangıçta avcılık ve hayvancılık, sonraları
ise tarım ve hayvancılık oluşturduğu için, Türk dilinin söz varlığını temelde
bu hayat tarzına ait kelimeler şekillendirmiştir. Barınma ihtiyacı insanın en
temel ihtiyaçlarından biridir. Bu nedenle dilde barınmaya ait kelimeler, en
baştan itibaren var olmuş ve çekirdek kelime özelliği taşımıştır. Türklerin en
eski barınaklarından birinin alaçuk
olduğu kelimenin eskiliğinden ve yaygınlığından anlaşılmaktadır. Yani alaçuk Türkçenin tarihi hafızalarından
birini oluşturmaktadır denebilir.

Bu çalışmada; tarihi metinlerde, tarihi ve çağdaş
lehçelerde ve Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında yaygın bir kullanım alanına sahip
olan alaçuk üzerinde durulacaktır. Bunun
için, köken ve yapı ile ilgili olarak ortaya konmuş varsayımlar ve teklifler
değerlendirilecek, kelimenin kökenine ve
yapısına ilişkin bir yapı-köken analizi yapılacaktır.
KAJIAN MEMBRAN NILON SEBAGAI FILTER PADA PROSES PENJERNIHAN NIRA TEBU
Authors: Maulina Wenny , Fauzia Ismia Khilmi , Misto Misto 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak
Membran nilon merupakan lapisan semipermeabel yang terbuat dari jenis polimer poliamida untuk memisahkan partikel tertentu dari larutannya. Pada artikel ini, membran nilon berperan sebagai filter untuk penjernihan nira tebu dengan mengkaji kinerja, efektivitas, dan efisiensi membran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan sistem aliran dead-end pada proses ultrafiltrasi menggunakan empat tekanan transmembran yang berbeda yaitu 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, dan 2.5 bar. Konsentrasi nira tebu sebelum dan sesudah proses ultrafiltrasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Membran nilon dengan variasi massa 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, dan 6.5 gram, menunjukkan fluks air yang sesuai pada rentang 15 – 38 L/m2.jam.bar pada tekanan transmembran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran nilon yang memiliki kinerja paling baik adalah membran dengan massa benang nilon 4.5 gram karena memiliki nilai fluks paling besar dan nilai koefisien rejeksi paling kecil. Membran dengan massa benang nilon 6.5 gram memiliki efektivitas dan efisiensi penurunan sukrosa yang paling besar. Sedangkan membran dengan massa benang nilon 4.5 gram memiliki efektivitas dan efsiensi penurunan konsentrasi sukrosa yang paling rendah.
Kata-kata kunci: membran nilon, nira tebu, kinerja membran, efektivitas, efisiensi.
Abstract
Nylon membrane is a semipermeable layer made of a type of polyamide polymer to separate certain particles from the solution. In this article, nylon membrane is presented as a filter for clarification of sugarcane juice concerning study on performance evaluation, effectiveness, and efficiency of the membrane. The experiments were conducted according to the principle of the dead-end in an ultrafiltration process using four different transmembrane pressures of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 bar. The concentration of sugarcane juice before and after ultrafiltration process was characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Nylon membranes, which consist of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 gram various mass, showed matched water flux in the range of 15 – 38 L/m2.jam.bar at the transmembrane pressures. The results showed that the best performance nylon membrane was a nylon membrane with a mass of 4.5 gram nylon, because it has the largest flux and the smallest rejection coefficient. Nylon membrane with a mass of 6.5 gram has the biggest effectiveness and efficiency in the reduced of sucrose concentration. Meanwhile, nylon membrane with a mass of 4.5 gram has the lowest effectiveness and efficiency in the reduced of sucrose concentration.
Keywords: nylon membrane, sugarcane, membrane performance, effectiveness, efficiency.