bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison phase 1 simulation dataset
Authors: Müller Christoph , Elliott Joshua , Kelly David , Arneth Almut , Balkovic Juraj , Ciais Philippe , Deryng Delphine , Folberth Christian , Hoek Steven , Izaurralde Roberto C. , Jones Curtis D. , Khabarov Nikolay , Lawrence Peter , Liu Wenfeng , Olin Stefan , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Reddy Ashwan , Rosenzweig Cynthia , Ruane Alex C. , Sakurai Gen , Schmid Erwin , Skalsky Rastislav , Wang Xuhui , de Wit Allard , Yang Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) phase 1 dataset of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) provides an unprecedentedly large dataset of crop model simulations covering the global ice-free land surface. The dataset consists of annual data fields at a spatial resolution of 0.5 arc-degree longitude and latitude. Fourteen crop modeling groups provided output for up to 11 historical input datasets spanning 1901 to 2012, and for up to three different management harmonization levels. Each group submitted data for up to 15 different crops and for up to 14 output variables. All simulations were conducted for purely rainfed and near-perfectly irrigated conditions on all land areas irrespective of whether the crop or irrigation system is currently used there. With the publication of the GGCMI phase 1 dataset we aim to promote further analyses and understanding of crop model performance, potential relationships between productivity and environmental impacts, and insights on how to further improve global gridded crop model frameworks. We describe dataset characteristics and individual model setup narratives.
Texture Analysis of Polycrystalline Vaterite Spherulites from Lake Sturgeon Otoliths
Authors: Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Pracheil Brenda M. , Wood R. Seth , Loeppky Alison , Anderson Gary , Koenigs Ryan , Bruch Ronald 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFish otoliths, or ear bones, are comprised of the CaCO3 polymorphs (aragonite, calcite and vaterite), which can occur either alone or in combination. The polymorph phase abundance in an otolith depends on, as yet, unexplained genetic and environmental factors. Most fish otoliths are comprised of the densest CaCO3 polymorph, aragonite. Sturgeon otoliths, on the other hand, contain significant amounts of the rare and the structurally enigmatic polymorph, vaterite. Sturgeon otoliths are frequently comprised of agglomerations of small microcrystalline vaterite spherulites (<300 μm in diameter), that range in shape from nearly perfect spheres to oblate spheroids. These spherulites are similar to the synthetic vaterite microspheres employed in laser trapping applications. Vaterite spherulites from both hatchery-reared (juvenile) and wild (adult) Lake Sturgeon exhibit extreme crystallographic texture as evidenced by X-ray diffraction patterns and their reconstructed pole-figures determined here. The vaterite crystallites making up the spherulites have excellent registry in both the axial and equatorial directions. Whether synthesized or natural, the texture manifested in these spherulites suggests that vaterite nucleates and grows similarly in vivo otolith formation as well as from laboratory synthesis. The uniaxial optical character of the vaterite spherulites, confirmed by these diffraction experiments and combined with their large birefringence, makes them well suited for laser trapping applications.
Immunosuppression Reduces Lung Injury Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Shi Shuang , Zhang Xiuqing , Zhou Yao , Tang Heng , Zhao Deyu , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) pathogenesis are not clearly understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between immune response and lung injury in MPP. The clinical characteristics of MPP were compared between patients treated with and without immunosuppressive chemotherapy, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between patients with severe and mild MPP. To determine the effect of immune response on lung lesions, mouse MPP and immunosuppression models were established by intranasal inoculation of M129 and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, respectively. Myeloperoxidase and oxidant–antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated for mechanism studies. The immunosuppressant group had a lower incidence of MPP and fewer cases of severe MPP than the non-immunosuppressant group. The severe MPP group had a greater incidence of severe immune disorders than the mild MPP group. Relative to immunosuppressed mice, wild mice exhibited more severe inflammatory infiltration and lung injury as well as a significant increase in myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels and a decrease in superoxide dismutase level after MP infection. In conclusion, immunological responses likely play a vital role in MPP pathogenesis. Lung injury occurring after MP infection—which might be caused by oxidant–antioxidant imbalance—can be reduced by immunosuppression.
Paths, negative “probabilities”, and the Leggett-Garg inequalities
Authors: Sokolovski D. , Gurvitz S. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a path analysis of the condition under which the outcomes of previous observation affect the results of the measurements yet to be made. It is shown that this effect, also known as “signalling in time”, occurs whenever the earlier measurements are set to destroy interference between two or more virtual paths. We also demonstrate that Feynman’s negative “probabilities” provide for a more reliable witness of “signalling in time”, than the Leggett-Garg inequalities, while both methods are frequently subject to failure.
Circulating tumor cells undergoing EMT are poorly correlated with clinical stages or predictive of recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yunyang , Li Shaoming , Li Wei , Yang Rongbing , Zhang Xianguang , Ye Yong , Yu Jiexiong , Ye Lin , Tang Wangrong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperimental and clinical studies have highlighted that circulating tumor cell (CTC) with phenotypic hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the metastatic and recurrence of solid malignancy. Here we retrospectively evaluated the presence of CTC and its EMT phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and investigated their clinical relevance. We optimized the CanpatrolTM CTC analysis system to enumerate CTC and classify EMT phenotypes in 113 HCC patients before curative treatment and 143 HCC patients after curative treatment. The relationships between CTC and clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. None of total CTC or its EMT phenotypes in HCC patients was correlated with clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, HBsAg, Child-Pugh score, liver cirrhosis, AFP, number of tumors, tumor size, vascular invasion and BCLC stage. Neither the level of total CTC nor its EMT phenotypes in HCC patients before or after curative treatment were predictive of recurrence. Additionally, dynamic changes of CTC and its EMT phenotypes were not relevant to HCC recurrence after curative treatment in our study. Wefound CTC count and EMT classification were not correlated with clinical stages or predictive of HCC recurrence, but further large, multicenter studies are needed to confirm these results.
LG biplot: a graphical method for mega-environment investigation using existing crop variety trial data
Authors: Yan Weikai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDue to the presence of genotype by environment interaction (GE), no crop cultivar performed the best in all regions. Therefore, the growing regions of a crop must be divided into sub-regions or mega-environments, and specifically adapted cultivars must be bred and deployed in each mega-environment. Meaningful mega-environment delineation must be based on repeatable GE patterns, which can be extracted from multi-year, multi-location crop variety trials. In regional crop variety trials, usually the same set of genotypes are tested across locations within a year, but different sets of genotypes are tested in different years, leading to highly unbalanced multi-year data. Such data are abundant for all crops and regions; but there has been no way to fully utilize them for mega-environment delineation. This paper presents a new method that allows utilization of existing variety trial data to identify repeatable GE patterns, to delineate mega-environments, and to understand the scope of unrepeatable GE at a location and within a mega-environment.
Sinkhole susceptibility mapping in Marion County, Florida: Evaluation and comparison between analytical hierarchy process and logistic regression based approaches
Authors: Subedi Praveen , Subedi Kabiraj , Thapa Bina , Subedi Pradeep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSinkholes are the major cause of concern in Florida for their direct role on aquifer vulnerability and potential loss of lives and property. Mapping sinkhole susceptibility is critical to mitigating these consequences by adopting strategic changes to land use practices. We compared the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based and logistic regression (LR) based approaches to map the areas prone to sinkhole activity in Marion County, Florida by using long-term sinkhole incident report dataset. For this study, the LR based model was more accurate with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.8 compared to 0.73 with the AHP based model. Both models performed better when an independent future sinkhole dataset was used for validation. The LR based approach showed a low presence of sinkholes in the very low susceptibility class and low absence of sinkholes in the very high susceptibility class. However, the AHP based model detected sinkhole presence by allocating more area to the high and very high susceptibility classes. For instance, areas susceptible to very high and high sinkhole incidents covered almost 43.4% of the total area under the AHP based approach, whereas the LR based approach allocated 20.7% of the total area to high and very high susceptibility classes. Of the predisposing factors studied, the LR method revealed that closeness to topographic depression was the most important factor for sinkhole susceptibility. Both models classified Ocala city, a populous city of the study area, as being very vulnerable to sinkhole hazard. Using a common test case scenario, this study discusses the applicability and potential limitations of these sinkhole susceptibility mapping approaches in central Florida.
Dynamic magnetic resonance scattering
Authors: Herold Volker , Kampf Thomas , Jakob Peter Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDynamic light scattering is a popular technique to determine the size distribution of small particles in the sub micrometer region. It operates in reciprocal space, by analyzing the signal fluctuations with the photon auto correlation function. Equally, pulsed field gradient magnetic resonance is a technique generating data in the reciprocal space of the density distribution of an object. Here we show the feasibility of employing a magnetic resonance imaging system as a dynamic scattering device similar to dynamic light scattering appliances. By acquiring a time series of single data points from reciprocal space, analogue to dynamic light scattering, we demonstrate the examination of motion patterns of microscopic particles. This method allows the examination of particle dynamics significantly below the spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging. It is not limited by relaxation times and covers a wide field of applications for particle or cell motion in opaque media.
Activin A: a novel urinary biomarker of renal impairment in multiple myeloma
Authors: Iriuchishima Hirono , Maeshima Akito , Takahashi Shunsuke , Ishizaki Takuma , Yokohama Akihiko , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Saitoh Takayuki , Murakami Hirokazu , Handa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Renal impairment (RI) is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM) that significantly affects treatment efficacy and mortality. However, no useful biomarkers for early detection of renal damage in MM exist. Reports indicate that activin A, a multifunctional cytokine of the TGF-β superfamily, is involved in the development and progression of various kidney diseases. In the present study, we measured urinary activin A levels in patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) (n=41), smoldering MM (SMM) (n=10), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n=28), including monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), and assessed the correlation between urinary activin A and several clinical parameters. Urinary activin A, undetectable in healthy volunteers, was significantly increased in NDMM patients but not in patients with SMM and MGUS (97.3, 25.0, and 6.61 mg/gCr, respectively, P&lt;0.05). In all patients with NDMM, urinary activin A levels were significantly reduced after initial treatment regardless of the therapy regimen. There was a significant correlation of urinary activin A with spot urinary protein level (P&lt;0.001) and serum M-protein (P=0.029) but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (Cr), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), and serum activin A level. Histological analysis using renal biopsy samples revealed that activin A, which was absent from normal kidneys, was detected in the renal tubular cells of patients with MGRS. These data suggest that urinary activin A reflects tubular injury in MM and might aid the early detection of RI in plasma cell neoplasms.
Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced CD11b+ immune cell infiltration in the kidney: role of AT2 receptors
Authors: Patel Sanket , Dhande Isha , Gray Elizabeth Alana , Ali Quaisar , Hussain Tahir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Immune cell infiltration plays a central role in mediating endotoxemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, we have reported the anti-inflammatory and reno-protective role of angiotensin-II type-2 receptor (AT2R) activation under chronic low-grade inflammatory condition in the obese Zucker rat model. However, the role of AT2R activation in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced early infiltration of immune cells, inflammation and AKI is not known. Mice were treated with AT2R agonist C21 (0.3 mg/kg), with and without AT2R antagonist PD123319 (5 mg/kg) prior to or concurrently with LPS (5 mg/kg) challenge. Prior-treatment with C21, but not concurrent treatment, significantly prevented the LPS-induced renal infiltration of CD11b+ immune cells, increase in the levels of circulating and/or renal chemotactic cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and markers of renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen and albuminuria), while preserving anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Moreover, C21 treatment in the absence of LPS increased renal and circulating IL-10 levels. To investigate the role of IL-10 in a cross-talk between epithelial cells and monocytes, we performed in vitro conditioned media (CM) studies in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and macrophages (differentiated human monocytes, THP-1 cells). These studies revealed that the conditioned-media derived from the C21-treated HK-2 cells reduced LPS-induced THP-1 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production via IL-10 originating from HK-2 cells. Our findings suggest that prior activation of AT2R is prophylactic in preventing LPS-induced renal immune cell infiltration and dysfunction, possibly via IL-10 pathway.
Lipid Profiles in Lyme Borreliosis: A Potential Role for Apheresis?
Authors: Straube Richard , Voit-Bak Karin , Gor A. , Steinmeier Til , Chrousos George P. , Boehm Bernhard Otto , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Barbir Mahmoud , Balanzew Wladimir , Bornstein Stefan R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDyslipidemia and dyslipoproteinemia are common causes of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, intracellular bacteria, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, utilize host lipids to survive and disseminate within the host. Recent data suggest that elevated lipids are a contributing factor to the maintenance and severity of Lyme disease and its complications. Here we review and discuss the role of lipids in Borreliosis and report on a pilot trial to examine the potential roles of circulating lipids and lipoproteins in patients with Borrelia infection. In this analysis we assessed the clinical and lipid profiles of 519 patients (319 women, 200 men) with a proven history of Lyme disease, before and after an extracorporeal double membrane filtration. Lipid profiles pre- and post-apheresis were analyzed in conjunction with clinical symptoms and parameters of inflammation. Circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, LP(a), and other inflammatory lipids were significantly reduced after the apheresis, while symptoms of the disorder and bioindexes of inflammation such as CRP improved. Further studies should be initiated to investigate the possibly causal relation between Lyme disease and circulating lipids and to design appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Standards bei der operativen Behandlung des Ulcus cruris
Authors: Hermanns Hans Joachim 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie operative Therapie chronischer Beingeschwüre bietet heute ein breites Spektrum an Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die überwiegend auf Standards als einheitlich anerkannte Behandlungs konzepte beruhen und sich gegenüber anderen Techniken durchgesetzt haben. Beim Ulcus cruris venosum steht die Ausschaltung des venösen Refluxes im Vordergrund und reduziert die Rezidivrate im Vergleich zur alleinigen konservativen Therapie erheblich. Hierzu stehen neben der klassischen Venenchirurgie moderne endovenöse Therapieoptionen wie Laser-Therapie, Radiofrequenz-Obliteration, Schaumsklerosierung oder Cyanoacrylatembolisation zur Verfügung.In der lokalen operativen Therapie chronischer Ulzerationen hat sich die Shave-Therapie mit simultaner Meshgraft-Plastik als Methode der ersten Wahl etabliert. Langzeitergebnisse mit Heilungsraten von bis zu 85 % sind mit keinem anderen Verfahren zu erreichen. Der kruralen Fasziektomie sind heute einige spezielle Indikationen vorbehalten: Transfasziale Nekrosen, Mehrfachrezidive nach Shave-Therapie und metaplastische Ossifikationen sind erfolgreich durch eine Fasziektomie zu behandeln. Neben der richtigen Wahl des Operationsverfahrens ist der langfristige Heilungserfolg geprägt von einer standardisierten postoperativen und poststationären Langzeitbetreuung.
Self-assembly of biological networks via adaptive patterning revealed by avian intradermal muscle network formation
Authors: Wu Xiao-shan , Yeh Chao-yuan , Harn Hans I-Chen , Jiang Ting-Xing , Wu Ping , Widelitz Randall B. , Baker Ruth E. , Chuong Cheng-Ming 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Humans have the most elaborate facial expressions, controlled by muscle networks anchored at distinct sites within the facial skin. Here, we reveal how muscle networks assemble robustly, adapting to external perturbations and insults, using avian intradermal muscle networks as a model. The muscle network is established with simple, local rules. Muscle fibers extend from feather buds in every direction, and connect to nearest neighbor buds. The network can be reconfigured, adapting to perturbed bud arrangement or mechanical cues. Our computational model validates the local rules, providing a potential mechanism for forming adaptive networks that could be useful in understanding other biological networks or designing nonbiological networks.
Humans adapt to social diversity over time
Authors: Ramos Miguel R. , Bennett Matthew R. , Massey Douglas S. , Hewstone Miles 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Changes in social diversity constitute a key factor shaping today’s world, yet scholarly work about the consequences of diversity has been marked by a critical lack of consensus. To address this concern, we propose a multidisciplinary approach where psychological, sociological, and evolutionary perspectives are integrated to provide an account of how individuals adapt to changes in social diversity. With an analysis of 22 y of worldwide data, our results suggest that humans are initially inclined to react negatively to threats to homogeneity, but that these negative effects are compensated in the long term by the beneficial effects of intergroup contact. Our findings advance knowledge and inform political debate about one of the defining challenges of modern societies.
RNA ligands activate the Machupo virus polymerase and guide promoter usage
Authors: Pyle Jesse D. , Whelan Sean P. J. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Atomic structures of the polymerase–endonuclease complex of the orthomyxovirus influenza and the orthobunyavirus La Crosse—two distinct segmented negative-sense (SNS) RNA viruses—demonstrate that binding of the genomic 5′ RNA rearranges the catalytic residues of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRP). Working with the arenavirus, Machupo, we demonstrate that 5′ RNAs from the genomic and antigenomic copies of both segments activate the RdRP in conjunction with a specific promoter. This study builds upon structural studies with two different SNS RNA viruses to reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism of RNA-guided promoter-specific polymerase regulation in SNS RNA viruses. The conservation of activating RNA elements among the polymerase–endonuclease complexes of SNS RNA viruses suggests new avenues for developing antiviral therapeutics.
Normative Data for Derived Measures and Discrepancy Scores for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery
Authors: Devora Paulina V , Beevers Samantha , Kiselica Andrew M , Benge Jared F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Uniform Data Set 3.0 (UDS 3.0) neuropsychological battery is a recently published battery intended for clinical research with older adult populations. While normative data for the core measures has been published, several additional discrepancy and derived scores can also be calculated. We present normative data for Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B discrepancy and ratio scores, semantic and phonemic fluency discrepancy scores, Craft Story percent retention score, Benson Figure percent retention score, difference between verbal and visual percent retention, and an error index.

Method
Cross-Sectional data from 1803 English speaking, cognitively normal control participants were obtained from the NACC central data repository.

Results
Descriptive information for derived indices is presented. Demographic variables, most commonly age, demonstrated small but significant associations with the measures. Regression values were used to create a normative calculator, made available in a downloadable supplement. Statistically abnormal values (i.e., raw scores corresponding to the 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles) were calculated to assist in practical application of normative findings to individual cases. Preliminary validity of the indices are demonstrated by a case study and group comparisons between a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's (N = 81) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB; N = 100).

Conclusions
Clinically useful normative data of such derived indices from the UDS 3.0 neuropsychological battery are presented to help researchers and clinicians interpret these scores, accounting for demographic factors. Preliminary validity data is presented as well along with limitations and future directions.