bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Implementasi Pola Kemitraan dan Pendapatan Petani Plasma Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan timur
Authors: Imang Ndang , Balkis Siti , Maliki Maliki 
Published: August 2019

Peraturan Kementerian Pertanian mengharuskan perusahaan kelapa sawit untuk mengembangkan program kemitraan dengan masyarakat sekitar dengan maksud untuk meningkatkan keahlian masyarakat dalam budidaya kelapa sawit sekaligus meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Kecamatan Bentian Besar adalah salah satu Kecamatan di Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Bentian Besar adalah melalui kerjasama dalam bentuk kemitraan antara petani kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT. Kutai Agro Lestari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pola kemitraan antara petani plasma kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT. Kutai Agro Lestari di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat; (2) pendapatan petani plasma kelapa sawit yang melakukan kemitraan dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT Kutai Agro Lestari di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Juli 2016 hingga Maret 2017 di Kecamatan Bentian Besar, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Metode pengambilan sampel mengunakan proportional random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis pendapatan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) pola kemitraan antara petani plasma kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT Kutai Agro Lestari adalah pola kemitraan Inti – Plasma. Dalam pola kemitraan ini, pihak petani menyediakan lahan dan tenaga kerja, sedangkan pihak perusahaan menyediakan sarana produksi seperti benih, pupuk memberikan kepastian pasar untuk petani; (2) pendapatan rata-rata petani plasma kelapa sawit Kampung Sambung sebesar Rp. 121.992,00/ha. Pendapatan rata-rata petani plasma kelapa sawit Kampung Suakong sebesar Rp.1.264.042,00/ha.
Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Parsons Hugh M , Shields Carol L , Shah Pankajkumar 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Of 500 consecutive patients referred to the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital with the diagnosis of possible retinoblastoma, 288 (58%) were found on clinical evaluation to have retinoblastoma and 212 (42%) had lesions that simulated retinoblastoma. A total of 23 different conditions accounted for the 212 pseudoretinoblastomas. Three most common pseudoreti noblastomas were: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (28%), Coats' disease (16%), and presumed ocular toxocariasis (16%). Congenital cataract and retinopathy of prematurity accounted for a much lower percent of pseudoretinoblastomas in this series as compared to a previously reported series. The pertinent clinical features that serve to differentiate these simulating lesions from retinoblastoma are reviewed.
Exploring factors influencing integration of traditional and medical male circumcision methods at Ingquza Hill Local Municipality, Eastern Cape: A socio-ecological perspective
Authors: Prusente Sandile , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Sikweyiya Yandisa 
Published: August 2019

Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) and traditional male circumcision (TMC) are reportedly having negative and positive outcomes in the Eastern Cape province. Researchers show contradictory remedies; some advocate for abolishment of TMC and others call for the integration of both methods.Aim: This study aimed to explore factors influencing the integration of TMC and MMC at different socio-ecological levels.Setting: The study was conducted at Ingquza Hill Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape province.Methods: An explorative qualitative study design, using in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), was employed in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. A framework analysis approach was used to analyse the data, and the themes were developed in line with the socio-ecological model.Results: Four main themes emerged from the data as important in influencing the integration of TMC and MMC methods. These included: (1) individual factors, related to circumcision age eligibility and post-circumcision behaviour; (2) microsystem factors, related to alcohol and drug abuse, peer pressure, abuse of initiates, and family influence; (3) exosystem factors, related to financial gains associated with circumcision and the role of community forums; and (4) macrosystem factors, related to stigma and discrimination, and male youth dominance in circumcision practices.Conclusion: Male circumcision in this area is influenced by complex factors at multiple social levels. Interventions directed at all of these levels are urgently needed to facilitate integration of the TMC and MMC methods.
Subvocal mucle activity during stuttering and fluent speech: A comparison
Authors: Bar Asher , Singer Joyce , Feldman Robert G. 
Published: August 2019

Electromyography measurements utilizing needle electrodes, were made to compare the laryngeal muscle activity of a stutterer and a non-stutterer, (a) when they indicated anticipation of either difficulty or no difficulty speaking, (b) when they actually spoke. The stutterer exhibited the earliest and longest laryngeal activity when he anticipated difficulty and actually stuttered. The stutterer exhibited more intense muscle activity before speaking than the non-stutterer. Therapeutically, it is suggested that stutterers learn to control the muscle activity prior to the moment of speaking.
An investigation of some aspects of stuttering-like speech in adult dysphasic subjects
Authors: Caplan Lesley 
Published: August 2019

Some dimensions of stuttering-like symptoms of five dysphasic patients were considered and compared to several aspects of stuttering which are generally well-known and documented. The nature and amount of the dysfluencies of dysphasia were examined, and, although the amount of non-fluency appeared to justify the label of stuttering, the nature of the dysfluencies was much like that observed in normal speakers and not that considered to be the distinguishing features of stuttering. The loci of the dysfluencies in the sequence of dysphasic speech were investigated and the majority of subjects were found to experience more difficulty on the function words of language rather than on the content or lexical words which precipitate dysfluency in stutterers. All subjects experienced the greatest difficulty on words in the initial position in the sentence as is found with stutterers. For most of the subjects the frequency of dysfluency was highest on longer words and it was observed that subjects generally experienced more difficulty on consonants than on vowels. Under conditions of propositionality it seemed that there was some increase in the frequency and severity of the dysfluencies of dysphasics while the adaptation task yielded divergent results.
'n Ondersoek na die vokaalduur van die esofagale Afrikaanssprekende
Authors: Botha Mariette 
Published: August 2019

In hierdie studie is daar 'n ondersoek gedoen na die ooreenkoms wat daar bestaan tussen die vokaalduur van die normaalsprekendes en die vokaalduur van esofagale sprekers. Daar is geppog om die verband tussen spraakvaardigheid en vokaalduur van die esofagale sprekers te bepaal. Bykomend is die verband tussen die vokaal- plus postvokaalduur en spraakvaardigheid van dieselfde groep esofagale sprekers bepaal. Die invloed van die stemhebbenheid/ stemloosheid van die konsonantomgewing op die vokaalduur is ook vasgestel. Dit bly uit die resultate dat die lengte ten opsigte van die vokaalduur by die groep esofagale sprekers wisselend was, maar in die gevalle het die ook ooreengestem met die normaalsprekende. Ondersoek kon nie 'n beduidendaantoonbare verband tussen vokaalduur en die spraakvaardigheid vasstel nie, hoewel daar 'n meer aantoonbare verband tussen vokaal plus postvokaalduur en spraakvaardigheid is. Die duur van die vokale in die stemhebbend-stemlose konsonantomgewings by die esofagale sprekers was hoofsaaklik langer as duur van hierdie vokale in stemloos-stemlose konsonantomgewings, soos by die normaalsprekendes.
Satisfaction with retention factors in relation to job embeddedness of public school teachers
Authors: Shibiti Ronny 
Published: August 2019

Orientation: The major challenge that organisations face in the contemporary competitive environment is to retain talented and productive employees. To ensure that the education system functions optimally, there is a need for strategic human resource management (HRM) practices to be implemented to assist in retaining qualified and experienced teachers.Research purpose: The purposes of this study were to establish the relationship between retention factors and job embeddedness, and to establish whether retention factors positively and significantly predict job embeddedness.Motivation for the study: There is a high turnover among teachers, with many teachers leaving the profession during their early years of teaching. An empirical investigation of the relationship between retention factors and job embeddedness and the outcomes of utilising retention factors and job embeddedness to facilitate the retention of employees is critical.Research approach/design and method: A non-experimental, quantitative survey was conducted on 278 teachers working in the Tshwane Municipality public schools.Main findings: A Pearson’s correlational analysis revealed positive and significant relationships between retention factors and job embeddedness, while multiple regression analyses revealed that retention factors positively and significantly predict job embeddedness.Practical/managerial implications: The results from this study afford concrete implications for employers in search of effective employee retention strategies. The main practical contribution of this study is the way in which it demonstrated that retention factors relate to and predict job embeddedness.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the employee retention theory by proposing that employees who are provided with desired retention factors are more likely to be embedded in their jobs and community.
Value of MRI in paediatric closed head injury
Authors: Andronikou Savvas , Boeddinghaus Rudolf , Welman Chris J. 
Published: August 2019

Children (and less commonly adults) with a low level of conciousness following acute head injury who have a normal CT sean are often assumed to have diffuse axonal injury of the brain. MRI may be appropriate in the subacute setting as it may demonstrate findings highly suggestive of such injury, as well as other findings not identified on CT. These findings may aid clinicians in determining prognosis. We demonstrate typical findings on various MR sequences using an index case.
Jets in the magnetosheath: IMF control of where they occur
Authors: Vuorinen Laura , Hietala Heli , Plaschke Ferdinand 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Magnetosheath jets are localized regions of plasma that move faster towards the Earth than the surrounding magnetosheath plasma. Due to their high velocities, they can cause indentations when colliding into the magnetopause and trigger processes such as magnetic reconnection and magnetopause surface waves. We statistically study the occurrence of these jets in the subsolar magnetosheath using measurements from the five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft and OMNI solar wind data from 2008 to 2011. We present the observations in the BIMF–vSW plane and study the spatial distribution of jets during different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations. Jets occur downstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock approximately 9 times as often as downstream of the quasi-perpendicular shock, suggesting that foreshock processes are responsible for most jets. For an oblique IMF, with 30–60∘ cone angle, the occurrence increases monotonically from the quasi-perpendicular side to the quasi-parallel side. This study offers predictability for the numbers, locations, and magnetopause impact rates of jets observed during different IMF orientations, allowing us to better forecast the formation of these jets and their impact on the magnetosphere.
Impact of the dry-day definition on Mediterranean extreme dry-spell analysis
Authors: Rivoire Pauline , Tramblay Yves , Neppel Luc , Hertig Elke , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. To define a dry day, the most common approach is to identify a fixed
threshold below which precipitation is considered equivalent to zero. This
fixed threshold is usually set to account for measurement errors and
precipitation losses due to the atmospheric evaporation demand. Yet,
this threshold could vary in time according to the seasonal cycle and
in the context of long-term trends, such as the increase in temperature due
to climate change. In this study, we compare extreme dry spells, defined
either with a fixed threshold for a dry day (1 mm) or with a time-varying
threshold estimated from reference evapotranspiration (ET0), for a large database of 160 rain gauges covering large parts of the Mediterranean basin. Results indicated positive trends in ET0 during summer months (June, July and August) in particular. However, these trends do not imply longer dry spells since the daily precipitation intensities remain higher than the increase in the evaporative demand. Results also indicated a seasonal behavior: in winter the distribution of extreme dry spells is similar when considering a fixed threshold (1 mm) or a time-varying threshold defined with ET0. However, during summer, the extreme dry-spell durations estimated with a 1 mm threshold are strongly underestimated in comparison to extreme dry spells computed with ET0. We stress the need to account for the atmospheric evaporative demand instead of using fixed thresholds for defining a dry day when analyzing dry spells, with respect to agricultural impacts in particular.
Globalization of the Cruise Industry: A Tale of Ships Part II - Asia Post 1994
Authors: O. Coggins Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Cruising has grown over 7% a year since 1980. Sustained rapid expansion in North America, followed by local expansion in Europe and Asia, has made cruising a global industry, with 365 ships and estimated sales of $37.8 US billion (CIN, 2017). This global development has been fueled by innovation and introduction of market changing resident ships appealing to the mass traveler which were quickly matched by competitors, establishment of industry and port marketing organizations, awareness of cruising as a vacation option, and availability of suitable port and berthing facilities. When these four conditions coexisted the industry experienced rapid growth. Since 1966, the cruise industry has developed from a Miami-centered industry to a global industry centered in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia/New Zealand. Given the high cost of state-of-the-art ships, their deployment is a good indication of industry’s confidence in market growth. This chapter chronicles the development of the Asian cruise industry from 1994 through 2017. Data from Cruise Industry News Annual Reports (CIN) and Berlitz Complete Guide to Cruising and Cruise Ships (Ward) are examined and conclusions are drawn.
Ultraviolet disinfection impacts the microbial community composition and function of treated wastewater effluent and the receiving urban river
Authors: Kauser Imrose , Ciesielski Mark , Poretsky Rachel S. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIn the United States, an estimated 14,748 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal service to more than 230 million people. The quality of treated wastewater is often assessed by the presence or absence of fecal indicator bacteria. UV disinfection of wastewater is a common final treatment step used by many wastewater treatment plants in order to reduce fecal coliform bacteria and other pathogens; however, its potential impacts on the total effluent bacterial community are seemingly varied. This is especially important given that urban WWTPs typically return treated effluent to coastal and riverine environments and thus are a major source of microorganisms, genes, and chemical compounds to these systems. Following rainfall, stormflow conditions can result in substantial increases to effluent flow into combined systems.MethodsHere, we conducted a lab-scale UV disinfection on WWTP effluent using UV dosage of 100 mJ/cm2and monitored the active microbiome in UV-treated effluent and untreated effluent over the course of 48 h post-exposure using 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, we simulated stormflow conditions with effluent UV-treated and untreated effluent additions to river water and compared the microbial communities to those in baseflow river water. We also tracked the functional profiles of genes involved in tetracycline resistance (tetW)and nitrification (amoA) in these microcosms using RT-qPCR.ResultsWe showed that while some organisms, such as members of the Bacteroidetes, are inhibited by UV disinfection and overall diversity of the microbial community decreases following treatment, many organisms not only survive, but remain active. These include common WWTP-derived organisms such asComamonadaceaeandPseudomonas.When combined with river water to mimic stormflow conditions, these organisms can persist in the environment and potentially enhance microbial functions such as nitrification and antibiotic resistance.
Effect of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Profile of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil Grown in North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi T. C. , Ekuma C. M. , Akintoye T. O. , Ogunyemi S. T. 
Published: August 2019

Citrus aurantifolia essential oils are volatile phytochemicals obtained from various part of the plant which has found wide range of domestic, medicinal and industrial applications. The research seeks to investigate the effect of time of harvest on the yield and phytochemical composition of Citrus aurantifolia leaf oil. Pulverized leaves of Citrus aurantifolia harvested in the morning (7a.m) and afternoon (2p.m) on the same day were separately subjected to hydro-distillation which yielded 0.4 and 0.5% (v/w) of the volatile oil respectively. Analyses of the oil harvested in the morning (7am) revealed the predominance of oxygenated terpenes which constituted 58.3% of the oil. The principal constituents were; isolimonene (22.2%), neral (22.2%), citral (21.5%), caryophyllene (4.3%), and α-geranyl acetate (4.1%). Furthermore, the leaf oil from the afternoon (2pm) harvest also showed predominance of oxygenated terpenes which constituted 57.7%. The principal constituents in the oil were; limonene (20.2%), neral (24.5%), citral (10.3%), caryophyllene (5.4%), and α-geranyl acetate (3.3%). This study established that there was compositional variation in the leaf essential oil obtained from the different time of harvests.
Integrative analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation through one‐class logistic regression machine learning identifies stemness features in medulloblastoma
Authors: Lian Hao , Han Yi‐Peng , Zhang Yu‐Chao , Zhao Yang , Yan Shan , Li Qi‐Feng , Wang Bao‐Cheng , Wang Jia‐Jia , Meng Wei , Yang Jian , Wang Qin‐Hua , Mao Wei‐Wei , Ma Jie 
Published: August 2019

Most human cancers develop from stem and progenitor cell populations through the sequential accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Cancer stem cells have been identified from medulloblastoma (MB), but a comprehensive understanding of MB stemness, including the interactions between the tumor immune microenvironment and MB stemness, is lacking. Here, we employed a trained stemness index model based on an existent one‐class logistic regression (OCLR) machine‐learning method to score MB samples; we then obtained two stemness indices, a gene expression‐based stemness index (mRNAsi) and a DNA methylation‐based stemness index (mDNAsi), to perform an integrated analysis of MB stemness in a cohort of primary cancer samples (n = 763). We observed an inverse trend between mRNAsi and mDNAsi for MB subgroup and metastatic status. By applying the univariable Cox regression analysis, we found that mRNAsi significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) for all MB patients, whereas mDNAsi had no significant association with OS for all MB patients. In addition, by combining the Lasso‐penalized Cox regression machine‐learning approach with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we identified a stemness‐related gene expression signature that accurately predicted survival in patients with Sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB. Furthermore, positive correlations between mRNAsi and prognostic copy number aberrations in SHH MB, including MYCN amplifications and GLI2 amplifications, were detected. Analyses of the immune microenvironment revealed unanticipated correlations of MB stemness with infiltrating immune cells. Lastly, using the Connectivity Map, we identified potential drugs targeting the MB stemness signature. Our findings based on stemness indices might advance the development of objective diagnostic tools for quantitating MB stemness and lead to novel biomarkers that predict the survival of patients with MB or the efficacy of strategies targeting MB stem cells.
Evaluation of the effects of motion mitigation strategies on respiration‐induced motion in each pancreatic region using cine‐magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fujimoto Koya , Shiinoki Takehiro , Yuasa Yuki , Onizuka Ryota , Yamane Masatoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to quantify the respiration‐induced motion in each pancreatic region during motion mitigation strategies and to characterize the correlations between this motion and that of the surrogate signals in cine‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also aimed to evaluate the effects of these motion mitigation strategies in each pancreatic region.MethodsSagittal and coronal two‐dimensional cine‐MR images were obtained in 11 healthy volunteers, eight of whom also underwent imaging with abdominal compression (AC). For each pancreatic region, the magnitude of pancreatic motion with and without motion mitigation and the positional error between the actual and predicted pancreas motion based on surrogate signals were evaluated.ResultsThe magnitude of pancreatic motion with and without AC in the left–right (LR) and superior–inferior (SI) directions varied depending on the pancreatic region. In respiratory gating (RG) assessments based on a surrogate signal, although the correlation was reasonable, the positional error was large in the pancreatic tail region. Furthermore, motion mitigation in the anterior‐posterior and SI directions with RG was more effective than was that with AC in the head region.ConclusionsThis study revealed pancreatic region‐dependent variations in respiration‐induced motion and their effects on motion mitigation outcomes during AC or RG. The magnitude of pancreatic motion with or without AC and the magnitude of the positional error with RG varied depending on the pancreatic region. Therefore, during radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer, it is important to consider that the effects of motion mitigation during AC or RG may differ depending on the pancreatic region.