bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Blood Supply During Prolonged Static Voluntary Contractions
Authors: Paeglitis Alvis , Kukulis Indulis , Eglitis Egils , Galeja Zinta 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is known that metabolic activity of muscle cells even in one separate muscle differs. If VO2 rate differs between muscle’s motor units, then blood flow through capillaries supplying muscle cells must be regulated according to their metabolic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle blood flow and compare it with active muscle cell metabolic activity during muscle prolonged static voluntary contraction with different contraction forces. In this study participated 37 healthy untrained people in age 24 – 36. Investigations were performed on the forearm muscles using hand grip exercises with 10% and 15% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) Volume blood flow in the forearm segment (I) and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) were measured using venous occlusion plethysmographic device “KPOBOTOK-4”. VO2 and lactate delivery (La) were calculated from pO2 and lactate concentration arterio-venous differences and I in every controlled moment. pH and pO2 was measured using bioanaliser ABC-1”RADIOMETER”. Lactate concentration was measured using BIOSEN C-line “EKF diagnostic” device. During 10% MVC it was shown that I, VO2, La and CFC till the cessation of exercise caused by exhaustion which takes 42±1,1min stabilize on appropriate level not reaching maximal possible values. Increasing contraction force only for 5% it is to 15% MVC all examined parameters during exercise till exhaustion which takes 12±0,8 min, increases and at moment of cessation of exercise reaches their maximal values. Increasing of blood supply and VO2 during 15% MVC did not provide prolonged forearm contraction and exhaustion occurs more than 3 times quicker neither during 10% MVC.
Assessment of Service Skills in the Companies Providing with Leisure Facilities: Research in Customer Approach
Authors: Švagždienė Biruta , Grigaite Kristina , Jasinskas Edmundas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
On the plane of human capital theories –staff is considered being the most significant resource in a company. The implication is that a company has to take care of employees’ competence, their approach towards work, perception and assumption of responsibility, liabilities to a company, etc. Such an approach towards staff is particularly meaningful for service companies, the employees of which are indentified not only with the very company, but also with the service by customers. Consequently, the employees, oriented towards a customer, can become a meaningful condition of competitive advantage (L. Bagdonienė, 2008). Service is more and more influencing companies’ business. The process of service skills is a significant and complex element of customer service culture development. According to L. Žalys (2002) it can be described as endless and constantly going on in the certain stages process, which possesses distinctive operation technologies. Good relationship with customers and their loyalty is built exactly under the development process of customer service, as it is one of the sales service staff functions. Development process of customer service: to satisfy customers’ needs and requirements. Significant organizational culture is directed towards customer service based on corresponding organizational rules and procedures, practical skills and abilities. The level of the service process depends on the professionalism of the service staff taking care of a customer, communication, responsibility, responsibility and competences. For the assessment of service there are additionally applied two criteria: solution of service problems, and company’s policy in solution of service problems. In the research related to the formation and management of service skills, there are researched assessment criteria for service skills: external image/outlook of the companies, which provide with leisure service, locations and working hours, information about service and their prices, delivery of service, service staff’s appearance, staff’s qualification and attention to constant customers.
Dependence Between the Level of Motivation and the Assessment of Rehabilitation Efficiency and Sports-Activity After the Injury at Basketball and Handball Players
Authors: Andersz Nina , Boguszewski Dariusz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was the assessment of the dependence between the type and level of motivation, and the assessment of rehabilitation efficiency and sports-activity after the injury. 207 male and female competitors training basketball and handball participated in the study. There were 111 women (46 basketball and 65 handball players) and 96 men (48 basketball and 51 handball players) studied. The investigative tools were: the Carver and White′s questionnaire (measuring the activity level of the BAS and BIS system in three measurements), the author′s survey taking into account the information concerning training-methods, number, types and circumstance of experienced injuries, methods of their treatment and the visual analogue pain intensity scale (VAS). Those surveyed evaluated also the efficiency of physiotherapeutic treatments in the 1-10 scale. The statistical tools were as follow: the arithmetical mean together with the standard deviation and the simple correlation. At training men there was some negative dependence between the time of break in trainings after sustained injury and one of the measurements according to the questionnaire: BAS Drive (p<0.05). In the above-group there also appeared some positive dependence (p<0.05) between the declared level of felt pain and the results on the BAS Fun Seeking scale. The studied women attained noticeably higher (p<0.05) results of the BAS Reward Responsiveness and BIS scale than men. At women there also appeared some positive dependence between the time of break in trainings after sustained injury and the intensification of the BIS activation (p<0.05). 1. Some strong relationship between the levels of different forms of motivation in chosen aspects of rehabilitation of sportsmen was shown. 2. At men, high level of goal oriented motivation was connected with the negative assessment of rehabilitation efficiency, what could evidence the frustration resulting from inability to train. Strong goal orientation may therefore shorten the period of convalescence.
Fitness in the Sport Structure of Latvia
Authors: Čuprika Aleksandra , Fernāte Andra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Origination of physical activities in Latvia territory, the necessity for sports sector to be developed, as well as the change of people’s understanding about physical loads and the essence of active lifestyle caused by rapid growth of the fitness sector where the main principle is load applied to strengthen and improve one’s health condition. One of the most important problems is a uniform understanding of the term “fitness”, and its place in the sports sector in Latvia. Therefore the aim of the article is to evaluate fitness as structure element inclusion possibilities in the Sports Structure in Latvia. The research is based on the investigation and analysis of the literature sources and sports policy planning documents, such as “Basic Positions of Sport Policy in Latvia”, project 2013-2020, “National Sport Development Program 2006–2013” of Latvia, “National Development Plan of Latvia 2012–2020”. The place of fitness in the sports system in Latvia, the necessity and possibility to include fitness in the “National Sport Development Program” and in the “Basic Positions of Sport Policy” in perspective were studied. Commercial fitness clubs and the Latvian Fitness and Health Promotion Association (LFVVNA) are not included in the sports structure of Latvia; however, fitness is socially-cultural phenomenon which is necessary to be included in the development program of sport sector.
E-Planner for Physical Education on the Secondary School Level in Latvia
Authors: Pilkevics Arturs , Jansone Rasma , Bautre Inese 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
An innovative planning and assessment tool for the subject of Physical Education (PE) on the secondary school level has been created in the course of this research project. Evaluation of the research on the Latvian assessment system in PE has shown the current need for an online based curriculum planning tool (e-planner) which would help teachers to effectively and qualitatively determine the levels of knowledge, skills, personal trait attributes and development dynamics in PE. This finding has served as basis for the hypothesis of the work: creating an e-planner will have a positive influence on the planning and evaluation processes in the subject of Physical Education on secondary level. The author set put to determine the theoretical foundation and the desired content of the E-planner according to the curriculum standard of PE on the secondary level in Latvia and create the planner based on the free Google Forms online platform. Study included the evaluation of teachers’ opinion about using the E-planner for planning and evaluation purposes. The result of this project is the first on-line curriculum planning tool in the Latvian language which is based on the modern theoretical understanding of student-centered planning and the assessment approach in education. Implementing such a tool on a state level across the disciplines would improve the quality of planning and instruction in schools.
Training-Induced Changes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity and Resting Hormonal Status in Blood in Elite Male and Female Speed Skaters
Authors: Obmiński Zbigniew , Litwiniuk Artur , Borkowski Lech , Ładyga Maria , Szczepańska Beata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
To date, there is only one published study with the use standardized ergometry exercise tests regarding effect of long lasting training period on a change of physical fitness among international level male and female speed skaters (van Ingen Schenau JG, 1992). This study showed high level initial performance and lack of its improvements despite trainings. That phenomenon might be resulted in inadequate training modalities, accumulation of fatigue or simply such high initial fitness, that it was impossible to improve it. Our study was aimed to examine the responses of several biomechanical and physiological parameters to preparatory training period (4 months) with incising predominance of strength-velocity exercises over time course. The results showed minor, non-significant improvements of some parameters of anaerobic and aerobic capacity in the males. In females there was no change in aerobic capacity, and those in anaerobic one were lower than in males. After the period in both sexes resting blood cortisol was elevated and testosterone- to- cortisol ratio, was declined, that suggest shift of protein metabolism toward catabolism. We suspect that among females their adverse hormonal status may have been responsible for, general lower expected training effects.
Influence of Local Versus Foreign Corporations, as Shareholders, on Financial Performance of Romanian Listed Companies
Authors: Țaran Alina , Mironiuc Marilena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the actual context of global mobility of investors and capitals, diverse categories of local and foreign shareholders (institutional investors, governmental agencies, corporations or individual investors) influence business activities, management and results of the owned entities. Shareholders’ monitoring ability is related to their interests and their involvement in the investee’s business. This study contributes to the on-going debate referring to local and foreign shareholders and investigates the influence of both local and foreign corporate shareholders on financial performance of Romanian listed companies during 1997-2016. Results of fixed-effects panel regression analysis reveal that local corporations positively influence the profitability of their affiliates, as measured by ROE. However, foreign corporate shareholders do not significantly influence financial performance of Romanian entities. Thus, the expected benefits associated with foreign ownership do not enhance the performance of local companies. These findings helps future privatisation or investment decisions in Romanian listed companies. Moreover, the results raise further questions regarding the interests of foreign companies investing in Romanian stock market.
Effect of Monetary Incentives on the Demand for Electricity of Domestic Consumers – Case of Israel
Authors: Elbaz Shimon , Zaiț Adriana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This research, based on a pilot study performed by the Israeli Electricity Company (IEC) in the framework of a demand management arrangement, focused on an economic approach for influencing domestic customers’ electricity consumption. The main objectives were to find out if monetary incentives in the form of a constant discount in the household consumer’s electricity bill (with no connection to consumption levels) influence consumers participating in a demand management arrangement with their electricity provider (here the IEC) and if such an incentive will lead to a decrease in the participants’ electricity consumption and/or a shift in their consumption from peak to low demand hours. The study examined also the monetary incentive’s influence on the participants’ willingness to join a future arrangement. The findings show that the participants who received a constant incentive increased their consumption, contrary to the expected behaviour, suggesting the presence of a “rebound effect”. One of the incentives that predicted a tendency to save electricity was the pro environmental attitude of the consumer, whereas financial incentives did not predict a tendency to save electricity. Damage to consumer comfort caused by load shedding exerted no significant influence. The economic incentive of a discount in the electricity bill increased the consumers’ willingness to join a future arrangement, even at the cost of compromising their privacy, although the possibility that this arrangement would lead to the loss of their control of home electric appliances as a result of load shedding drastically decreased this willingness. A positive financial incentive was found to have a minor influence on consumers’ willingness to participate in a demand management arrangement, while a negative incentive (the wish to avoid fines) was found to be very influential. Comparing to previous studies, the results are mixed, confirming some previous findings and contradicting others – and they offer an important contribution for the worldwide debate on energy conservation and household electricity reduction, through the Israeli dimension in a complex puzzle.
Nachbeben des Totalen Kriegs
Authors: Willems Bastiaan 
Published: July 2018

Vorspann
Am 9./10. April 1945 eroberte die Rote Armee Königsberg, die Hauptstadt Ostpreußens. Wo sich die deutschen Streitkräfte in der Provinz noch halten konnten, wurden sie bis Anfang Mai von den sowjetischen Truppen gezwungen, die Waffen zu strecken. Die letzten Kriegstage und die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit stellten die verbliebene Zivilbevölkerung vor ungeheure, oft tödliche Herausforderungen, die von Kriegsgewalt, Hunger, Krankheit und Zwangsarbeit gekennzeichnet waren. Lange Zeit hat man fast ausschließlich die Rote Armee und die sowjetische Militärverwaltung dafür verantwortlich gemacht, dass so viele Menschen 1945/46 ihr Eigentum, ihre Gesundheit oder sogar ihr Leben verloren. Bastiaan Willems widerspricht dieser Einschätzung - und präsentiert der Wehrmacht die Rechnung für den Totalen Krieg, den sie 1944/45 auf deutschem Boden führte.
Effectiveness of Endoscopic Application of Type I Human Collagen Solution in Treatment of Inhalation Injury
Authors: Galankina I. E. , Makarov A. V. , Mironov A. V. , Smirnov S. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Ponomarev I. N. , Gasanov A. M. 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the studywas to determine the morphological characteristics of the repair process of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa after sanitation bronchoscopy using type I human collagen solution in patients with an inhalation injury (II).Materials and methods. An open-label, randomized, prospective study included 59 patients with inhalation injury (2—3 severity degree according to the classification of Yu. V. Sinev and A. Yu. Skripal'. The main group consisted of 29 patients. They underwent a sanitation bronchoscopy using type I human collagen solution applied onto erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane. The reference group consisted of 30 patients who underwent sanitation bronchoscopy in accordance with the standards of medical care. In order to assess the morphological dynamics of the repair process of the mucous membrane, a morphological study of the bioptate obtained during endoscopic studies was carried out. The solution for the application was prepared by acid extraction of type I human collagen from ligaments and tendons as described earlier (Russian Federation invention patent No. RU 2591544 C1).Results.Complete epithelization of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa occurred significantly earlier (4 (3; 7) days) in patients with the 2nd degree inhalation injury when using type 1 collagen application, than in those without the application (7 (4; 9) days) (n=15 andn=21 respectively;U=49.5;P=0.0004). In the case of the 3rd degree inhalation injury, coating of ulcers of the tracheobronchial tree mucosa with the collagen solution also significantly reduced the epithelialization period on average to 8 (7; 10) days, while after the standard sanitation bronchoscopy, this period was 17 (12; 22) days (n=14 andn=9 respectively; U=1;P=0.0001). The morphological changes in patients of the main group were characterized by the absence of signs of a purulent inflammation, early appearance of macrophages and lymphocytes, and covering of type I collagen by simple cuboidal epithelium, while in the reference group, there was a severe purulent inflammation manifested by polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration.Conclusion.The sanitation bronchoscopy with simultaneous closure of the damaged areas of the mucous membrane with the type I human collagen solution results in relief of the inflammatory process which is confirmed by morphological studies.
STATING AND DEFENDING NEW KNOWLEDGE CLAIM: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DISCUSSION SECTION OF ENGLISH MASTER THESIS BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Warsito Warsito , Arsyad Safnil , Harahap Alamsyah 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The discussion section is considered the most important section of a thesis but also the most difficult to write especially by university students. This study investigated the move-step and rhetorical pattern of discussion section in 20 English Master Theses written by Indonesian EFL postgraduate students. Following the model suggested by Loan and Pramoolsook (2015), this study found that students constructed the discussion section according to their perceived communicative purposes of discussion section. The most noticeable feature of the section is the occurrence of Move 2 (reporting results) and Move 4 (Commenting on results) occurring in all texts making them obligatory moves. In terms of step, interpreting results and referring to other studies in Move 4 are also considered as obligatory steps. The findings of this study are useful particularly for EFL students; that is to facilitate them to better understand the rhetorical structure of thesis discussion section when written in English. ABSTRAK Bagian pembahasan dianggap sebagai bagian yang paling penting dalam tesis tetapi juga yang paling sulit ditulis terutama oleh mahasiswa atau penulis baru. Penelitian ini penting untuk menyelidiki pola retorika bagian pembahasan tesis mahasiswa magister bahasa Inggris yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa Indonesia. Mengikuti model yang disarankan oleh Loan and Pramoolsook (2015), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa mahasiswa mengorganisir bagian pembahasan sesuai dengan tujuan komunikatif yang mereka anggap penting. Tujuan komunikatif yang paling menonjol dari bagian ini adalah ‘Move’ 2 (tahapan melaporkan hasil peneitian) dan ‘Move’ 4 (tahapan mengomentari hasil penelitian) yang ditemukan di semua teks sehingga dianggap wajib. Dalam hal langkah (Steps), langkah menafsirkan hasil penelitian dan langkah mengacu pada penelitian terdahuluan dalam ‘Move’ 4 dianggap sebagai langkah wajib. Temuan penelitian ini berguna terutama untuk mahasiswa magister bahasa Inggris, yaitu untuk memudahkan mereka memahami struktur retorika dari bagian pembahasan tesis yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris. How to Cite: Wasito., Syah, S. A., Harahap, A. (2017). Stating and Defending New Knowledge Claim: a Rhetorical Analysis on the Discussion Section of English Master Thesis by Indonesian EFL Learners. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 188-207. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.6746
Медикализация преступности в советской судебной психиатрии, 1918–1936 гг.
Authors: Погорелов Михаил Александрович 
Published: July 2018

Михаил Александрович Погорелов – аспирант Школы исторических наук и стажер-исследователь Центра источниковедения Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия. Электроннаяпочта: mikhail.alex.pogorelov@gmail.com
В статье рассматривается история раннесоветской судебной психиатрии, которая появляется как полноценная академическая дисциплина и судебно-медицинская практика в 1920–1930-е гг. На материалах профессиональных совещаний и съездов, научных работ, законодательных и ведомственных документов рассмотрено, как складывалась профессиональная юрисдикция новой дисциплины и профессии. На короткий период психиатры получили возможность самостоятельно определять задачи и сферу компетенции собственной деятельности. Это, а также неоднозначность раннесоветского уголовного законодательства, привело к значительной экспансии «биосоциального» понимания преступности в судебно-психиатрической практике и теории. Некоторые советские психиатры сформулировали концепции, связывающие антисоциальные действия правонарушителей с их патологической предрасположенностью. Благодаря этому множество «пограничных» случаев – в частности, широко трактуемые психопатии – были включены в юрисдикцию судебной психиатрии. Медикализируя преступность, представители этой дисциплины претендовали на повсеместное проникновение в пенитенциарные учреждения. Ситуация изменилась в 1930-е гг.: реагируя на политические вызовы «социалистического наступления», дисциплина начинает перестраивать собственную профессиональную юрисдикцию. Во-первых, переопределена и сужена категория «психопатов». Невменяемыми и подлежащими принудительному лечению признавались только подсудимые с «тяжелыми» органическими заболеваниями, а все «пограничные» случаи передавались в ведение общей юстиции. Во-вторых, были переформулированы задачи дисциплины: если в 1920-х гг. исследования психиатров охватывали широкий спектр тем, связанных с изучением связей преступности и душевной болезни, а основная цель декларировалась как социальная экспертиза, то в середине 1930-х гг. судебная психиатрия ограничивается узкопрактической задачей – предоставлением экспертных заключений судебно-следственным органам. Эти процессы были связаны со стабилизацией профессиональной юрисдикции и институциализацией судебной психиатрии как академической дисциплины и профессии с четко очерченной сферой компетенции и набором задач, что происходило в условиях «сталинизации» науки и ужесточения юстиции.