bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age
Authors: Pogson Jacob M. , Taylor Rachael L. , Bradshaw Andrew P. , McGarvie Leigh , D’Souza Mario , Halmagyi G. Michael , Welgampola Miriam S. 
Published: May 2019

Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16–84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02–0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude “main sequence” slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. <40°/s per 1°). In summary, we found small but significant asymmetries in monocular vHIT gain that changed with age. Healthy subjects commonly have minuscule refixation saccades that are moderately to strongly correlated with vHIT gain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid “head-impulse” movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.
The predictability of a target’s motion influences gaze, head, and hand movements when trying to intercept it
Authors: de la Malla Cristina , Rushton Simon K. , Clark Kait , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Brenner Eli 
Published: May 2019

Does the predictability of a target’s movement and of the interception location influence how the target is intercepted? In a first experiment, we manipulated the predictability of the interception location. A target moved along a haphazardly curved path, and subjects attempted to tap on it when it entered a hitting zone. The hitting zone was either a large ring surrounding the target’s starting position (ring condition) or a small disk that became visible before the target appeared (disk condition). The interception location gradually became apparent in the ring condition, whereas it was immediately apparent in the disk condition. In the ring condition, subjects pursued the target with their gaze. Their heads and hands gradually moved in the direction of the future tap position. In the disk condition, subjects immediately directed their gaze toward the hitting zone by moving both their eyes and heads. They also moved their hands to the future tap position sooner than in the ring condition. In a second and third experiment, we made the target’s movement more predictable. Although this made the targets easier to pursue, subjects now shifted their gaze to the hitting zone soon after the target appeared in the ring condition. In the disk condition, they still usually shifted their gaze to the hitting zone at the beginning of the trial. Together, the experiments show that predictability of the interception location is more important than predictability of target movement in determining how we move to intercept targets. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that if people are required to intercept a target at a known location, they direct their gaze to the interception point as soon as they can rather than pursuing the target with their eyes for as long as possible. The predictability of the interception location rather than the predictability of the path to that location largely determines how the eyes, head, and hand move.
Delivering a STINGing Blow to Small Cell Lung Cancer via Synergistic Inhibition of DNA-Damage Response and Immune-Checkpoint Pathways
Authors: Hiatt Joseph B. , MacPherson David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has demonstrated modest responses to immune-checkpoint blockade despite harboring a high mutational burden. In this issue, Sen and colleagues show remarkable synergy between inhibition of the DNA-damage response and the PD-1 axis, resulting in striking tumor regressions in SCLC mouse models.
See related article by Sen et al., p. 646.
Metabolic Checkpoint of Immune Cells in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Egelston Colt A. , Margolin Kim 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Metabolic features of both cancer cells and immune cells shift with nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in differential effects on antitumor immune function. The work of Fischer and colleagues demonstrates that increased oxidative phosphorylation in brain metastases in patients with melanoma is a key regulator of intracranial immune surveillance and that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation could reduce the incidence of intracranial brain metastases in a murine model of melanoma.
See related article by Fischer et al., p. 628.
A FATal Combination: Fibroblast-Derived Lipids and Cancer-Derived Autotaxin Promote Pancreatic Cancer Growth
Authors: Biffi Giulia , Tuveson David A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Auciello and colleagues find that in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment activated fibroblasts secrete specific lipids that provide a source of biomass production and signaling molecules for cancer cells, fueling their proliferation and migration. Targeting of this stromal–tumor metabolic cross-talk impairs pancreatic cancer progression and represents a new potential therapeutic opportunity.
See related article by Auciello et al., p. 617.
Endogenous CD4+ T Cells Recognize Neoantigens in Lung Cancer Patients, Including Recurrent OncogenicKRASandERBB2(Her2) Driver Mutations
Authors: Veatch Joshua R. , Jesernig Brenda L. , Kargl Julia , Fitzgibbon Matthew , Lee Sylvia M. , Baik Christina , Martins Renato , Houghton A. McGarry , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractT cells specific for neoantigens encoded by mutated genes in cancers are increasingly recognized as mediators of tumor destruction after immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy or adoptive cell transfer. Much of the focus has been on identifying epitopes presented to CD8+ T cells by class I MHC. However, CD4+ class II MHC-restricted T cells have been shown to have an important role in antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, the vast majority of neoantigens recognized by CD8+ or CD4+ T cells in cancer patients result from random mutations and are patient-specific. Here, we screened the blood of 5 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for T-cell responses to candidate mutation-encoded neoepitopes. T-cell responses were detected to 8.8% of screened antigens, with 1 to 7 antigens identified per patient. A majority of responses were to random, patient-specific mutations. However, CD4+ T cells that recognized the recurrent KRASG12V and the ERBB2 (Her2) internal tandem duplication (ITD) oncogenic driver mutations, but not the corresponding wild-type sequences, were identified in two patients. Two different T-cell receptors (TCR) specific for KRASG12V and one T-cell receptor specific for Her2-ITD were isolated and conferred antigen specificity when transfected into T cells. Deep sequencing identified the Her2-ITD–specific TCR in the tumor but not nonadjacent lung. Our results showed that CD4+ T-cell responses to neoantigens, including recurrent driver mutations, can be derived from the blood of NSCLC patients. These data support the use of adoptive transfer or vaccination to augment CD4+ neoantigen-specific T cells and elucidate their role in human antitumor immunity.
MicroRNA-155 Expression Is Enhanced by T-cell Receptor Stimulation Strength and Correlates with Improved Tumor Control in Melanoma
Authors: Martinez-Usatorre Amaia , Sempere Lorenzo F. , Carmona Santiago J. , Carretero-Iglesia Laura , Monnot Gwennaëlle , Speiser Daniel E. , Rufer Nathalie , Donda Alena , Zehn Dietmar , Jandus Camilla , Romero Pedro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
microRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate protein expression posttranscriptionally. We previously showed that miR-155 promotes effector CD8+ T-cell responses. However, little is known about the regulation of miR-155 expression. Here, we report that antigen affinity and dose determine miR-155 expression in CD8+ T cells. In B16 tumors expressing a low-affinity antigen ligand, tumor-specific infiltrating CD8+ T cells showed variable miR-155 expression, whereby high miR-155 expression was associated with more cytokine-producing cells and tumor control. Moreover, anti–PD-1 treatment led to both increased miR-155 expression and tumor control by specific CD8+ T cells. In addition, miR-155 overexpression enhanced exhausted CD8+ T-cell persistence in the LCMV cl13 chronic viral infection model. In agreement with these observations in mouse models, miR-155 expression in human effector memory CD8+ T cells positively correlated with their frequencies in tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes of melanoma patients. Low miR-155 target gene signature in tumors was associated with prolonged overall survival in melanoma patients. Altogether, these results raise the possibility that high miR-155 expression in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells may be a surrogate marker of the relative potency of in situ antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.
O fluxo perene da literatura de cordel
Authors: Maya Ivone Da Silva Ramos 
Published: May 2019

Aproximar Mário de Andrade e os poetas da literatura de cordel pode parecer inusitado, mas se justifica pelo “descobrimento” dessa poética e suas andanças pelo Nordeste, em meados dos anos 1920, e pela adesão à causa popular expressa no alentado projeto de pesquisa Na Pancada do Ganzá, que reuniria toda a produção do folclore nacional, mas que não passou de um importante Prefácio. Foi esse o ponto de partida do ensaio em que dialogam interlocutores diversos – alguns virtuais à sua obra – como forma de mostrar o aval de Mário em relação não só à literatura clássica nordestina, mas à cultura popular como um todo.
Modelagem da geodiversidade para o anticlinal de Mariana, sudeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Stênio Toledo , Castro Paulo De Tarso Amorim 
Published: May 2019

Os estudos que envolvem o conceito de geodiversidade e metodologias de quantificação desta são relativamente recentes. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas variáveis geológicas em formato raster para a criação de um mapa que reflete índices de geodiversidade para a região do Anticlinal de Mariana, no sudeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Esse anticlinal é uma estrutura regional localizada na região central do Estado de Minas Gerais, entre os municípios de Ouro Preto e Mariana. Essa estrutura é formada por rochas arqueanas do Supergrupo Rio das Velhas no seu núcleo e pelo Supergrupo Minas, proterozoicas, nas bordas dessa grande dobra. Nos domínios do Supergrupo Minas, observam-se valores superiores de geodiversidade em consequência principalmente da variação litológica que condiciona as características físicas do meio natural. A região passou por — nos últimos três séculos — e ainda registra atividades de mineração de ouro, bauxita, topázio imperial e quartzitos, gerando feições antrópicas em pontos identificados neste trabalho como aqueles que possuem maiores índices de geodiversidade.
Avaliação da suscetibilidade a escorregamento na Serra do Mar pela aplicação da compartimentação fisiográfica
Authors: Gabelini Beatriz Marques , Corrêa Claudia Vanessa Dos Santos , Cerri Rodrigo Irineu , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , Zaine José Eduardo , Giordano Lucília Do Carmo 
Published: May 2019

A área de estudo localiza-se nos municípios de Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, e apresenta alto potencial para ocorrência de escorregamentos, pois está localizada no domínio da Serra do Mar, com relevo escarpado associado ao alto índice pluviométrico da região. Desse modo, análises voltadas ao reconhecimento e maior compreensão dos fatores condicionantes e dos fenômenos naturais, como os escorregamentos, são de grande importância para que possam ser evitados danos e riscos a partir da previsão de tais fenômenos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a suscetibilidade a escorregamento pela aplicação da compartimentação fisiográfica na região que abrange parte dos municípios de Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião (SP). Para alcançar tais objetivos, foram utilizadas técnicas de fotoanálise e fotointerpretação de imagens aéreas que proporcionaram a divisão da área em unidades menores, de acordo com características fisiográficas semelhantes, que favoreceram a escolha de fatores condicionantes à ocorrência de escorregamentos. Além disso, também foram utilizados inventários de cicatrizes de escorregamentos em dois períodos distintos (1976 e 2011). A associação do mapa de cicatrizes de escorregamentos com a análise da compartimentação fisiográfica foi fundamental para a elaboração desta pesquisa, pois validou as informações adquiridas pela compartimentação e determinou os pesos dos fatores condicionantes na elaboração do mapa de suscetibilidade. Os resultados mostraram que, entre as 16 unidades fisiográficas, as com alta suscetibilidade — IV, V, VI, VIII, IX e XII — apresentaram declividade predominantemente alta (> 30º), grande amplitude local (acima de 300 m) e rochas de composição gnáissicas e migmatitos.
Magmatismos shoshonítico e cálcio-alcalino de alto potássio pós-orogênico (615 Ma) na porção leste do Domínio Macururé, Sistema Orogênico Sergipano: Stocks Propriá, Amparo do São Francisco e Fazenda Alvorada
Authors: Rosa Maria De Lourdes da Silva , Conceição Herbet , Santos Ítalo Santana , Marinho Moacyr Moura 
Published: May 2019

Os Stocks Propriá, Amparo do São Francisco e Fazenda Alvorada são intrusivos na parte leste do Domínio Macururé e truncam a foliação regional. Esses corpos apresentam feições geológicas e petrográficas semelhantes e são composicionalmente constituídos por quartzo monzonitos e granitos porfiríticos. Nesses plutons, a biotita é o mineral máfico predominante e hornblenda ocorre em alguns enclaves associados. Os cristais de plagioclásio exibem forte zoneamento, indicando instabilidades durante a cristalização magmática. Os minerais acessórios nessas rochas são apatita, zircão, titanita, minerais opacos. Nos Stocks Propriá e Amparo do São Francisco enclaves máficos microgranulares são abundantes. A idade de cristalização do Stock Propriá é de 615 ± 6 Ma (U-PbShrimp). Os dados geoquímicos indicam que esses stocks correspondem a magmas potássicos, gerados em ambiente orogênico e alojados na crosta em período pós-colisional.
Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled‐Feeding Trial
Authors: Tindall Alyssa M. , Petersen Kristina S. , Skulas‐Ray Ann C. , Richter Chesney K. , Proctor David N. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: May 2019

Background

Walnuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether these effects are attributable to the fatty acid (
FA
) content, including α‐linolenic acid (
ALA
), and/or bioactives.

Methods and Results

A randomized, controlled, 3‐period, crossover, feeding trial was conducted in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (n=45). Following a 2‐week standard Western diet run‐in (12% saturated FAs [
SFA
], 7% polyunsaturated FAs, 12% monounsaturated FAs), participants consumed 3 isocaloric weight‐maintenance diets for 6 weeks each: a walnut diet (
WD
; 7%
SFA
, 16% polyunsaturated FAs, 3%
ALA
, 9% monounsaturated FAs); a walnut
FA
‐matched diet; and an oleic acid–replaced‐
ALA
diet (7%
SFA
, 14% polyunsaturated FAs, 0.5%
ALA
, 12% monounsaturated FAs), which substituted the amount of
ALA
from walnuts in the
WD
with oleic acid. This design enabled evaluation of the effects of whole walnuts versus constituent components. The primary end point, central systolic blood pressure, was unchanged, and there were no significant changes in arterial stiffness. There was a treatment effect (
P
=0.04) for central diastolic blood pressure; there was a greater change following the
WD
versus the oleic acid–replaced‐ALA diet (−1.78±1.0 versus 0.15±0.7 mm Hg,
P
=0.04). There were no differences between the WD and the walnut fatty acid‐matched diet (−0.22±0.8 mm Hg,
P
=0.20) or the walnut FA‐matched and oleic acid–replaced‐ALA diets (
P
=0.74). The
WD
significantly lowered brachial and central mean arterial pressure. All diets lowered total cholesterol,
LDL
(low‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol,
HDL
(high‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and non‐
HDL
cholesterol.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular benefits occurred with all moderate‐fat, high‐unsaturated‐fat diets. As part of a low‐
SFA
diet, the greater improvement in central diastolic blood pressure following the
WD
versus the oleic acid–replaced‐ALA diet indicates benefits of walnuts as a whole‐food replacement for
SFA
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02210767.
The advertisement call of Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 (Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: DA FONSECA EMANUEL MASIERO , LANNA FLÁVIA MÓL , SANT’ ANNA ANATHIELLE CAROLINE , PEREIRA ELVIS ALMEIDA , SANTOS FELIPE FERREIRA DOS , DE OLIVEIRA NEVES MATHEUS , MÂNGIA SARAH 
Published: May 2019

The genus Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 currently comprises 13 species, not considering E. ovalis (Schneider, 1799) (see Caramaschi 2010). This genus occurs in Central America and most of South America, from Panama to Argentina, including Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil (Frost 2011; Nunes-de-Almeida & Toledo 2012). Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 was described from Humaitá, state of Amazonas, and occurs in northern Brazil, in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia, and in Bolivia, in the departments of Beni and Santa Cruz (Caramaschi 2010).
Circumscription, diagnosis and description of two subfamilies and one genus of Australo-Papuan robins (Aves: Passeriformes: Petroicidae)
Authors: CHRISTIDIS LESLIE , IRESTEDT MARTIN , ROWE DIANNE , BOLES WALTER E. , NORMAN JANETTE A. 
Published: May 2019

Christidis et al. (2011) conducted a phylogenetic study of the Australo-Papuan robins (Aves: Passeriformes: Petroicidae) and erected three new taxa: two subfamilies, Amalocichlinae and Pachycephalopsinae, and a genus, Cryptomicroeca. Following the requirements of Article 11.7 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), these were created giving their circumscription, i.e., the lower taxa included in each, respectively. Additional requirements for the erection of these new taxa, as set out in Article 13.1 (ICZN 1999), however, were unfortunately not met. This Article (13.1.1) requires that the formation of a new name, in this case at both family and generic level, also provides a description or definition stating in words the characters that purportedly differentiate it from other taxa. This requirement was not met in Christidis et al. (2011), so we rectify this omission here. A similar problem that arose with the erection of the robin subfamily Microecinae by Loynes et al. (2009) was subsequently corrected by Loynes et al. (2011).
Process-Oriented Evaluation of Climate and Weather Forecasting Models
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Gettelman Andrew , Ming Yi , Neelin J. David , Barrie Daniel , Mariotti Annarita , Chen C.-C. , Coleman Danielle R. B. , Kuo Yi-Hung , Singh Bohar , Annamalai H. , Berg Alexis , Booth James F. , Camargo Suzana J. , Dai Aiguo , Gonzalez Alex , Hafner Jan , Jiang Xianan , Jing Xianwen , Kim Daehyun , Kumar Arun , Moon Yumin , Naud Catherine M. , Sobel Adam H. , Suzuki Kentaroh , Wang Fuchang , Wang Junhong , Wing Allison A. , Xu Xiaobiao , Zhao Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRealistic climate and weather prediction models are necessary to produce confidence in projections of future climate over many decades and predictions for days to seasons. These models must be physically justified and validated for multiple weather and climate processes. A key opportunity to accelerate model improvement is greater incorporation of process-oriented diagnostics (PODs) into standard packages that can be applied during the model development process, allowing the application of diagnostics to be repeatable across multiple model versions and used as a benchmark for model improvement. A POD characterizes a specific physical process or emergent behavior that is related to the ability to simulate an observed phenomenon. This paper describes the outcomes of activities by the Model Diagnostics Task Force (MDTF) under the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program to promote development of PODs and their application to climate and weather prediction models. MDTF and modeling center perspectives on the need for expanded process-oriented diagnosis of models are presented. Multiple PODs developed by the MDTF are summarized, and an open-source software framework developed by the MDTF to aid application of PODs to centers’ model development is presented in the context of other relevant community activities. The paper closes by discussing paths forward for the MDTF effort and for community process-oriented diagnosis.
Seasonal Predictability and Change of Large-Scale Summer Precipitation Patterns over the Northeast United States
Authors: Ahn Kuk-Hyun , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines space–time patterns of summer daily rainfall variability across the Northeast United States, with a focus on historical trends and the potential for long-lead predictability. A hidden Markov model based on daily data is used to define six weather states that represent distinct patterns of rainfall across the region, and composites are used to examine atmospheric circulation during each state. The states represent the occurrence of region-wide dry and wet conditions associated with a large-scale ridge and trough over the Northeast, respectively, as well as inland and coastal storm tracks. There is a positive trend in the frequency of the weather state associated with heavy, regionwide rainfall, which is mirrored by a decreasing trend in the frequency of stationary ridges and regionwide dry conditions. The frequency of state occurrences is also examined for historical Northeast droughts. Two primary drought types emerge that are characterized by region-wide dry conditions linked to a persistent ridge and an eastward-shifted storm track associated with light precipitation along the coastline. Finally, composites of May sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) prior to summers with high and low frequencies of each weather state are used to assess long-lead predictability. These composites are compared against similar composites based on regional anomalies in low streamflow conditions [June–August 7-day low flows (SDLFs)]. Results indicate that springtime SSTs, particularly those in the Caribbean Sea and tropical North Atlantic Ocean, provide some predictability for summers with above-average precipitation and SDLFs, but SSTs provide little information on the occurrence of drought conditions across the Northeast.