bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of KIF18A promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and independently predicts unfavorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhong Yonglong , Jiang Lingyu , Lin Hui , Li Xiangwei , Long Xiaomao , Zhou Yifan , Li Baijun , Li Zongrong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKinesin family member 18A (KIF18A), as a member of the kinesin superfamily, is significantly overexpressed and abnormally functions in various human cancers. But, its expression profiling in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In the present work, using the data derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we assessed the expression pattern and prognostic value of KIF18A in LUAD. In addition, we analyzed the underlying mechanism of its gene dysregulation. Experimental and bioinformatic analysis results showed that KIF18A expression was dramatically increased in LUAD tissues compared with the normal counterparts. Moreover, the patients with high KIF18A expression had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that increased KIF18A expression was independently associated with unfavorable OS and RFS. In addition, by analyzing deep sequencing data from TCGA‐LUAD, we found that KIF18A mutation was detected in 2.6% of LUAD cases, and increased KIF18A expression was associated with genetic amplification rather than DNA methylation. Moreover, gene co‐expression network analysis revealed that a total of 339 KIF18A co‐expressed genes were detected and enriched in several tumor‐related pathways, especially cell cycle. Knockdown of KIF18A significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, silencing KIF18A induced LUAD cells apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. KIF18A promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and is a valuable prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target for the patients with LUAD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
Molecular interactions of chlorpyrifos and its environmental degradation products with human sex hormone‐binding globulin: an in silico study
Authors: Hazarika Jnyandeep , Ganguly Mausumi , Mahanta Rita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a widespread interest and awareness about health issues posed by endocrine‐disrupting chemicals present in the environment. These chemicals, often present in food and many consumer products, can interfere with hormone biosynthesis and metabolism and may result in deviation from normal homeostatic control. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a major endocrine‐disrupting chemical is used worldwide as an agricultural insecticide against a broad spectrum of insect pests in rice cultivation and to control termites. The insecticide mostly undergoes environmental degradation to chlorpyrifos‐oxon (CPYO), des‐ethyl chlorpyrifos (DEC), 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine (TMP) and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP). Results from several epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to CPF can result in reproductive disorders, including infertility in male and female. Sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) is a circulatory protein that binds sex steroids and is a potential target for endocrine disruptors in the human body. The objective of the present study involved computational approaches to apprehend the mechanism of molecular interaction of CPF and its four degradation products (CPYO, DEC, TMP, TCP) with human SHBG using molecular docking simulation. All five compounds (CPF, CPYO, DEC, TMP, TCP) showed high binding affinity with SHBG; however, the binding affinity values were higher (more negative) for CPF, CPYO, DEC and TMP than for TCP indicating that CPF, CPYO, DEC and TMP formed a tight interaction with SHBG. From the results obtained with the docking analysis, it can be opined that CPF, CPYO, DEC and TMP could possibly act as potential endocrine disruptors for androgen signaling.
Obesity and Bone Health Revisited: A Mendelian Randomization Study for Koreans
Authors: Lee Soo Ji , Lee Joo-Yeon , Sung Joohon 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Epidemiologic studies have replicated positive associations between obesity and bone health, but their mechanisms are still debatable. We aimed to scrutinize an association between bone health and obesity using genetic instrumental variables (IVs) with the distinction of general versus abdominal obesity. We selected independent IVs of body mass index (BMI) and BMI-adjusted waist circumference (aWC, a proxy of a central fat distribution) by combining novel genomewide searches from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES) consortium and existing reports. We evaluated the associations of obesity indices with bone health measures for weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing bones, applying standard Mendelian randomization analyses. The IVs for BMI and aWC selected from KoGES cohort studies (n = 14,389) explained its own trait only, negating the mutual correlation at the phenotypic level. Two-stage least squares analyses using an independent cohort study (n = 2507, mean age = 44.4 years, men = 44.3%) showed that BMI but not aWC was positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD for weight-bearing bones: 0.063 ± 0.016 g/cm2 per one standard deviation increase in BMI), implying the fat distribution might be neutral. The association was weaker for non–weight-bearing bones (BMI on BMD: 0.034 ± 0.011 g/cm2), and for postmenopausal women the association was absent. Obesity increased both bone area and bone mineral content (BMC) to a lesser degree, but the increase in BMC was not evident for menopausal women. When we stratified the weight into lean body mass and fat mass, the increase in BMD was more evident for lean body mass, and fat mass showed a beneficial role only for men and premenopausal women. Our findings suggest that bone health might gain little from obesity, if any, through its added weight, and other means to prevent bone loss would be essential for postmenopausal women. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Functional integrity of the shoulder joint and pectoralis major following subpectoral implant breast reconstruction
Authors: Leonardis Joshua M. , Lyons Daniel A. , Giladi Aviram M. , Momoh Adeyiza O. , Lipps David B. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSubpectoral implants for breast reconstruction after mastectomy requires the surgical disinsertion of the sternocostal fiber region of the pectoralis major. This technique is associated with significant shoulder strength and range of motion deficits, but it is unknown how it affects the underlying integrity of the shoulder joint or pectoralis major. The aim of this study was to characterize the long‐term effects of this reconstruction approach on shoulder joint stiffness and pectoralis major material properties. Robot‐assisted measures of shoulder strength and stiffness and ultrasound shear wave elastography images from the pectoralis major were acquired from 14 women an average of 549 days (range: 313–795 days) post reconstruction and 14 healthy, age‐matched controls. Subpectoral implant patients were significantly weaker in shoulder adduction (p < 0.001) and exhibited lower shoulder stiffness when producing submaximal adduction torques (p = 0.004). The underlying material properties of the clavicular fiber region of the pectoralis major were altered in subpectoral implant patients, with significantly reduced shear wave velocities in the clavicular fiber region of the pectoralis major when generating adduction torques (p = 0.023). The clinical significance of these findings are that subpectoral implant patients do not fully recover shoulder strength or stability in the long‐term, despite significant recovery time, and substantial shoulder musculature left intact. The impact of these procedures extends to the remaining, intact volume of the pectoralis major. Optimization of shoulder function should be a key aspect of the post‐reconstruction standard of care. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1610–1619, 2019.
Clinical efficacy of preoperative 3D planning for reducing surgical errors during open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kuriyama Shinichi , Morimoto Naoki , Shimoto Takeshi , Takemoto Mitsuru , Nakamura Shinichiro , Nishitani Kohei , Ito Hiromu , Matsuda Shuichi , Higaki Hidehiko 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIncreases in posterior tibial slope (PTS) with open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) are often related to two surgical errors: Symmetric opening of the osteotomy gap and a tendency to open the gap from the anteromedial direction. The study objective was to define trends in these two errors using computer simulation and clinical effects of their countermeasures. First, 60 knees with varus deformity were assessed with three‐dimensional (3D) planning using computed tomography to allow for the mechanical axis to pass through a point at 62.5% of the width of the tibial plateau, defined as the weight‐bearing line percentage (WBL%). Anterior and posterior widths of the opening gap to maintain PTS were measured. The effect on PTS when osteotomy gaps were opened from the anteromedial direction up to 30° was evaluated. Mean anterior width (y) was 6.6 mm (range, 2.2–10.9) and mean posterior width (x) was 9.1 mm (range, 3.9–15.7), which can be expressed as y = 0.75x − 0.24. Opening gaps from the anteromedial direction at 10°, 20°, and 30° led to a mean PTS increase of 1.9°, 3.9°, and 5.6°, respectively. In most cases, WBL% with anteromedial opening at 30° passed through a point at less than 60%. In 47 knees that underwent OWHTO using 3D planning, postoperative coronal and sagittal bone corrections were mostly accurate. However, postoperative WBL% was negatively correlated with correction angle because of difficulties in predicting medial joint tightness. Preoperative 3D planning for OWHTO can reduce surgical errors, but postoperative WBL% remains variable. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Application of microwave and ohmic heating for pasteurization of cantaloupe juice: microbial inactivation and chemical properties
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Gholamhosseinpour Aliakbar , Niakousari Mehrdad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most important dessert fruits and is cultivated in many countries of the world. The effects of microwave (400 and 800 W for 110 s), ohmic (100 and 200 V for 110 s) and conventional heating (27–75 °C for 30 min) treatments on inactivation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens; pH and degradation of vitamin C, β‐carotene and phenolic compounds of cantaloupe juice were investigated.RESULTSAs time passed, all of the treatments resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in the number of pathogens and vitamin C, β‐carotene and phenolic compound content, whereas the pH of samples did not show significant changes. The mentioned parameters were more reduced by increasing the power, voltage and temperature of ohmic, microwave and conventional heating treatments, respectively. Comparison of the results for conventional heating with those of ohmic and microwave heating revealed that the complete inactivation time of pathogens by the two latter treatments was much shorter than that of the former. After 20 s, the effect of ohmic heating at 200 V on decreasing vitamin C content was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that of the other treatments. The amounts of β‐carotene and phenolic compounds showed the most reduction under 800 W microwave treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained for conventional, ohmic and microwave heating treatments indicated a higher degradation of β‐carotene and phenolic compounds and a lower loss of vitamin C in the former. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Pulse‐width modulation with current uniformization for AM‐OLED micro‐displays on Si LSI chips
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Nishinohara Daisuke , Nishiyori Tomoya , Suzuki Daisuke , Sawamura Shigeki , Kato Masakazu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have developed pulse‐width modulation (PWM) with current uniformization for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AM‐OLED) micro‐displays on Si large‐scale integration (LSI) chips. This driving method can simultaneously solve luminance unevenness and image sticking due to characteristic deviations and degradations of driving transistors and OLEDs. With the use of circuit simulation, it is verified that the PWM with current uniformization (PWM‐CU) can simultaneously achieve precise gray scale and exceedingly improve luminance uniformity. Moreover, an actual panel is designed and fabricated, where the OLEDs are layered on the Si LSI chip. It is found that the luminance uniformity can be improved within 2% to 3%. It is meaningful that the correct images can be displayed using the PWM‐CU for the first time for AM‐OLED micro‐displays on Si LSI chips.
Smart Delivery Systems Based on Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s‐Coated Organic/Inorganic Core–Shell Nanohybrids
Authors: Tan Li‐Li , Shang Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSmart delivery systems have gained momentum over the last few decades due to their potential to realize enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s (PGMAs), which spring up like mushrooms, have drawn great attention in the theranostics field, especially in multifunctional theranostic systems. The marriage of PGMAs with functional inorganic cores is expected to integrate diagnosis (e.g., fluorescence, X‐ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance, photoacoustic and upconversion luminescence imaging), treatment, or multimodal synergistic therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy) in one pot for personalized medicine. In this review, recent progress in various PGMA‐coated nanohybrids based on the type of integrated inorganic nanoparticle, including silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, gold nanorods, metal‐organic frameworks, cellulose nanocrystals, and their core‐shell nanostructures is systematically reviewed. Future work in this field is anticipated to be devoted to developing efficient real‐time‐imaging‐guided multimodal synergistic therapies.
The protective impact of betaine on the tissue structure and renal function in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rat
Authors: Ghartavol Mohammad Maram , Gholizadeh‐Ghaleh Aziz Shiva , Babaei Ghader , Hossein Farjah Gholam , Hassan Khadem Ansari Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial infarction is one of the most common life threatening diseases that may lead to renal disorders via oxidative stress and inflammation. Betaine is a safe and well‐tolerated compound exhibiting beneficial antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Previous studies have demonstrated protective effects of betaine against myocardial infarction and renal injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of betaine on tissue structure and renal function after isoprenaline‐induced myocardial infarction in rats.MethodsFifty Wistar strain male albino rats, weighing 200 ± 10, were selected for the study. The animals were housed individually under standard environmental conditions (Light–dark cycle, temperature and constant humidity) for 1 week. After acclimatization, they were randomly divided into five groups. G1, G2, and G3 groups received betaine at doses of 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg body weight/day via gavage for a period of 60 days. After 60 days, isoprenaline is injected subcutaneously (200 mg/kg body weight). In the isoprenaline group (G4), the rats were injected with isoprenaline (200 mg/kg body weight) and the control group (G5) received a standard diet (Without isoprenaline). Then, isoproterenol solution was used for induction of myocardial infarction. At the end, the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein was detected using immunohistochemical analysis and kidney tissues were assessed via histopathological analysis. In addition, serum level of TNF‐α and creatinine level were measured via ELISA test and colorimetric methods, respectively.ResultsThe results of our study indicate that isoproterenol‐induced renal histopathological injury without changing creatinine level. Betaine has protective effects against renal injuries induced by isoprenaline and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein showed no significant difference in all groups. Further, betaine reduced TNF‐α level significantly.ConclusionAccording to our results, betaine has protective effects on isoprenaline‐induced renal failure via a decrease in TNF‐α level and nitric oxide synthase.
Modeling the Solubility of C70 Fullerenes in Diverse Solvents: Role of Quantum‐mechanical Descriptors
Authors: Lata Suman , Vikas  
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolubility of fullerenes in diverse solvents is difficult to model owing to the involvement of inherent quantum‐mechanical interactions. This work proposes pure quantum mechanical models for predicting the solubility of C70 fullerenes. The models are developed using single‐molecule quantum mechanical properties of solvents,which includes electron‐correlation based descriptors accounting for the instantaneous inter‐electronic interactions responsible for the origin of these properties. The external predictivity of the models was validated using an external prediction set of compounds not exposed to the model during its development. The most influential factor affecting the solubility was found to be electron‐correlation contribution to the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital of solvents, which in fact, has been analyzed to suppress the solubility of fullerenes. However, the polarizability of the solvents, particularly that due to the quantum‐mechanical exchange interactions between the electrons, is observed to drive the solubility of C70 fullerenes. The present work also found several other quantum mechanical properties affecting the solubility of fullerenes, which pay valuable insights towards the origin of the solubility of carbon‐based nano‐materials.
Macular Xanthophylls and Event‐Related Brain Potentials among Overweight Adults and Those with Obesity
Authors: Edwards Caitlyn G. , Walk Anne M. , Cannavale Corinne N. , Thompson Sharon V. , Reeser Ginger E. , Holscher Hannah D. , Khan Naiman A. 
Published: February 2019

ScopeMacular accumulation of xanthophyll carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin) is known to have neuroprotective potential, yet their influence on cognition among overweight adults and those with obesity remains limited. This study examines the impact of macular xanthophylls on attentional resource allocation and information processing speed among adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2.Methods and ResultsAdults between 25 and 45 years (N = 101) complete heterochromatic flicker photometry to determine macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Event‐related brain potentials are recorded during a visual oddball task. Amplitude and latency of the N2 and P3 indexed attentional resource allocation and information processing speed. Covariates included age, sex, education, intelligence quotient (IQ), %Fat (DXA), and dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (Diet History Questionnaire II). MPOD is inversely related to P3 peak amplitude during standard trials and P3 peak latency during target trials. Therefore, individuals with higher MPOD dedicate fewer attentional resources when attentional demands are low while exhibiting faster information processing speed when attentional demands are increased. Further, MPOD is inversely related to the N2 mean amplitude during targets, signifying greater inhibitory control.ConclusionThese findings are the first to link macular xanthophylls to neuroelectric indices of attentional and inhibitory control among adults with overweight and obesity.
The Human Fecal Microbiota Metabolizes Foodborne Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines by Reuterin Conjugation and Further Transformations
Authors: Beer Falco , Urbat Felix , Franz Charles M. A. P. , Huch Melanie , Kulling Sabine E. , Bunzel Mirko , Bunzel Diana 
Published: February 2019

ScopeHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are process‐induced food contaminants with high mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential. Although the human gut microbiota is known to affect the metabolism of dietary constituents, its impact on HAA metabolism and toxicity has been little studied. Here, the glycerol‐dependent metabolism of seven foodborne HAAs (AαC, Trp‐P‐1, harman, norharman, PhIP, MeIQx, and MeIQ) by the human fecal microbiota is investigated.Methods and resultsAs analyzed by HPLC–DAD/FLD, the extent of conversion is strongly dependent on glycerol supplementation and HAA structure. AαC (60–100%) and the 2‐aminoimidazoazarenes (up to 58%) are especially prone to microbial conversion. Based on high‐resolution MS and/or NMR spectroscopy data, 70 fecal metabolites are identified in total, mainly formed by chemical reactions with one or two molecules of microbially derived reuterin. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the human fecal microbiota can further transform reuterin adducts by reduction and/or hydroxylation reactions. Upon isolation, some reuterin‐induced HAA metabolites appear to be partially unstable, complicating structural identification.ConclusionThe formation of microbial metabolites needs to be incorporated into risk assessment considerations for HAAs in human health. In this study, several HAA metabolites, mainly reuterin‐dependent, are identified in vitro, providing the basis for future human studies investigating microbial HAA metabolism.
Induction of Autophagy and Activation of SIRT‐1 Deacetylation Mechanisms Mediate Neuroprotection by the Pomegranate Metabolite Urolithin A in BV2 Microglia and Differentiated 3D Human Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Velagapudi Ravikanth , Lepiarz Izabela , El‐Bakoush Abdelmeneim , Katola Folashade O. , Bhatia Harsharan , Fiebich Bernd L. , Olajide Olumayokun A. 
Published: February 2019

ScopeUrolithin A is an anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective gut‐derived metabolite from ellagitannins and ellagic acid in pomegranate, berries, and nuts. The roles of SIRT‐1 and autophagy in the neuroprotective activity of urolithin A are investigated.Methods and resultsAnalyses of culture supernatants from lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated BV2 microglia show that urolithin A (2.5–10 µm) produced significant reduction in the production of nitrite, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6. The anti‐inflammatory effect of the compound is reversed in the presence of sirtuin (SIRT)‐1 and the autophagy inhibitors EX527 and chloroquine, respectively. Protein analyses reveal reduction in p65 and acetyl‐p65 protein. Treatment of BV2 microglia with urolithin A results in increased SIRT‐1 activity and nuclear protein, while induction of autophagy by the compound is demonstrated using autophagy fluorescent and autophagy LC3 HiBiT reporter assays. Viability assays reveal that urolithin A produces a neuroprotective effect in APPSwe‐transfected ReNcell VM human neural cells, which is reversed in the presence of EX527 and chloroquine. Increase in both SIRT‐1 and autophagic activities are also detected in these cells following treatment with urolithin A.ConclusionsIt has been proposed that SIRT‐1 activation and induction of autophagy are involved in the neuroprotective activity of urolithin A in brain cells.