bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO-265 Acute whole-body vibration increases energy expenditure and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion
Authors: Betik Andrew , Parker Lewan , Kaur Gunveen , Keske Michelle 
Published: October 2018

Objective Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease are associated with decreased muscle microvascular perfusion which impairs nutrient delivery to the muscle. Impaired glucose and insulin delivery contributes to lower glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle. Exercise increases muscle microvascular perfusion, however, cardiometabolic disease patients are not always willing or able to undertake regular exercise. Objective: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has previously been shown to increase energy expenditure and limb bulk blood flow, however whether WBV increases skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion is not known.
Methods Methods: Eleven healthy participants (5 males, 6 females; Age: 33 ± 1.9 years) stood on a WBV platform (Galileo Sport, Novotec Medical GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany) for 3 min at 12.5 Hz which was compared to standing without vibration. Thigh muscle (vastus lateralis) microvascular perfusion was assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (iU22, Philips Medical, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) by infusing Definity® microbubbles (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N. Billeruca, USA) intravenously and measured for 3 min following WBV. Oxygen consumption (Metamax, Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) was measured while standing prior to WBV and during the third minute of WBV.
Results Results: Compared with standing without vibration, 3 min of WBV more than doubled muscle microvascular perfusion (0.73 ± 0.17 vs 2.87 ± 0.81 AI/sec, p<0.05) which remained elevated above baseline for 3 min after cessation of WBV. Oxygen consumption modestly but significantly increased while undergoing WBV (282 ± 0.013 vs 419 ± 0.023 mL/min, p<0.05).
Conclusions Conclusion: This is the first study to show that WBV significantly increases muscle microvascular perfusion in healthy adults. We are currently undertaking studies to determine if this WBV may be of benefit in populations with impaired microvascular perfusion, such as type 2 diabetes, for improving cardiometabolic health.
PO-266 The regulation mechanism of bcl-2 family on autophagy、apoptosis of motor skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Cheng Jinna 
Published: October 2018

Objective To summarize the localization and regulation mechanism of Bcl-2 family on autophagy and apoptosis of exercise skeletal muscle. In order to provide new Intervention idea for metabolic diseases, sports injuries and post-game recovery of sports skeletal muscle.
Methods In the academic network of , CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfangshujuziyuanxitong-xueshuqikan, Elsevier Science Direct, and Journals@Ovid Full Text and other academic journals, search for Chinese and foreign literatures such as Bcl-2 protein, skeletal muscle, autophagy and apoptosis, and sort more than 170 articles, More than 50 articles are in line with the requirements, and the final reference is 49 articles.
Results 1) The regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins on apoptosis of exercise skeletal muscle autophagy was divided into localization and streaming regulation; 2) Bcl-2 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and binds beclin-1 to form a complex, Through stimulating ampk-ulki/akt-mtor pathway, FoxO, GAMKK underground, etc., the release signal of motor stress interferes with the decomposition of bcl-2-beclin-1 complex, releasing Beclin-1, activating autophagy; 3) The bcl-2 family protein is located in the mitochondrial membrane，exercise stress releases apoptotic signals→ BH3s activation or liberation of pro-apoptotic subfamily activity → recruitment of Bcl-2 family translocation to MOM → Bcl-2 family protein oligomerization → formation into MOMP→ finally promotion of cytochrome C Release→ activates apoptosis; 4) On the other hand, the Bc-2 family cooperates with intracellular Ca2+ signaling; the JNK phosphorylation pathway; the P53 gene and the ubiquitin protein Atg12 are streaming between autophagy and apoptosis.
Conclusions Autophagy and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells can eliminate ROS caused by oxidative stress, damaged organelles, misfolded proteins and severely damaged cell tissues, in order to maintain normal energy metabolism of muscle cells, control inflammatory damage, and improve Skeletal muscle cell movement adaptability. The Bcl-2 family is a major regulatory protein that controls apoptosis. It can also target and regulate autophagy in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, in coordination with multiple signaling factors, streaming between autophagy and apoptosis. It can be regarded as an important target protein for the intervention of skeletal muscle motor injury and improvement of skeletal muscle motor ability.
PO-269 An overview of probiotics on the ergogenic effect
Authors: Xia Yali 
Published: October 2018

Objective The paper provides an overview of probiotics on the ergogenic effect,which is prepared to demonstrate that moderate doses of probiotics have many benefits for the physical exercise，the development of related probiotic functional food is of great benefit to the majority of sports people.
Methods while probiotics as one of the most popular nutritional supplements,Many studies have shown that probiotics mixture(mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium) are supplemented can improve intestinal microflora, reduce intestinal permeability, control endotoxin transport and reduce the incidence of intestinal leakage;Promoteing the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCAFs), provide metabolic energy, enhance muscle strength and endurance, optimize muscle fiber composition, improve anti-fatigue ability;Improving the ability of immune regulation, such as reducing upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infection symptoms ;Reducing the oxidative stress level, increasing the scavenging rate of superoxide anion radical, reducing capacity and iron ion chelating activity can alleviate the oxidative stress after heavy exercise；Supplementation of probiotics can reconstruct intestinal flora, and intestinal flora can affect bone health and enhance calcium absorption；ther studies have confirmed that probiotics can regulate emotional disorders through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and relieve anxiety and depression, which also contributes to the mental health of the exercise population
Results In addition, the amount of exercise, the variety of probiotics, the quantity of supplementation and the time of supply in the reference literature are different.Therefore, the experimental results are different, and the mechanism remains to be further studied.
Conclusions Moderate doses of probiotics have many benefits for the physical exercise，the development of related probiotic functional food is of great benefit to the majority of sports people.
PO-280 Effects of different exercise on autophagy and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue of obese
Authors: Zhao Yongjun , Wang Jing , He Yuxiu 
Published: October 2018

Objective To compare the effectiveness of endurance exercise and resistance exercise in fat reduction, then to examine the impact of exercise on autophagy activity and inflammation response in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, finally to explore the relationship between autophagy and inflammation in adipose tissue after exercise.
Methods 42 obese mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: high fat diet group (HC, n=9), normal diet group (NC, n=9), normal diet combined with endurance exercise intervention group (NE, n=12), and normal diet combined with resistance exercise intervention group (NR, n=12). NE and NR group conducted treadmill and ladder climbing exercise respectively for 8 weeks. Then to detect the gene and protein expression of autophagy, inflammation, ER stress and antioxidant markers using RT-PCR and WB, in addition, TEM and IHC were used to observe the autophagosome in visceral adipose tissue.
Results BW, Lee’s index and BFI were significantly decreased in all three intervention groups, and there is a great decreasing in the two exercise group, but no difference between them. Atg5, Becn1 expression and LC3II/I were decreased significantly in NE and NR group compared with HC, meanwhile p62 expression were significantly increased. When compared with NC group, p62 expression were significantly increased in NE and not happened in NR group. Becn1 mRNA expression increased and p62 protein expression decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. IL-1β was decreased significantly in NC, NE and NR group compared with HC. In addition, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased significantly both in NE and NR group. When compared with NC group, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased and IL-1β was decreased significantly both in NE and NR group except IL-6 protein expression in NR group. IL-6 increased and IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. Finally we found that IL-10 showed a negative correlation with almost every autophagy markers used in this study.
Conclusions The effectiveness of 8wks different exercise intervention had no difference in fat reduction. The autophagic activity of visceral adipose tissue was inhibited after exercise, especially after aerobic exercise. Autophagy and inflammation enjoy the same trend before and after exercise intervention in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, and the IL-10 is the most sensitive factor in reflecting the relationship between autophagy and inflammation.
PO-283 Correlation Analysis between Blood Cell Viability, Five Elements and Competition Performance of Elite Men’s Rowers
Authors: Bai Junbei 
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the national elite male rowers blood, red blood cell activity and serum copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron content of the five elements, and compared with the ordinary people. Aimed to investigate the between athletes, athletes and ordinary differences between the two sets of indicators and to explore the impact of element contents in red blood cell activity and five factors. Trying to bring two sets of indicators and specific combining ability, used in training on the monitoring function, and for the future to provide some references for further study.
Methods It was included 22 athletes and 22 ordinary men, as the research object, in the collection of blood, measuring red blood cell activity in the blood content of the five elements, simultaneous measurement of physical indicators , will be doing all the data at the differences between the two groups compared to the group to do correlation analysis. The recent record of 2000m, 6000m rowing Dynamometer test results, and red blood cell activity associated with the five elements of content analysis.
Results 1. Athletes indicators related to aerobic exercise were significantly higher than ordinary people. The white blood cells of athletes group were average.It shows that athletes have high aerobic capacity, while white blood cells are more stable than normal people.

The members of the national rowing men's iron, magnesium content was significantly higher than ordinary group, the iron content is higher than the normal reference value; blood calcium levels were significantly lower than ordinary people, and lower than the normal reference value.
The total number of red blood cells and the number of living cells was very significant positive correlation in two groups subjects; Red blood cell activity and red blood cell diameter is proportional, and red blood cell roundness in inverse proportion to the relationship; from this experiment a special ability to see red blood cell activity and there is no correlation.
In both groups, hemoglobin was positively correlated with iron content, while iron was positively correlated with copper content.

Conclusions 1. Increasing the number and volume of red blood cells can effectively increase the activity of red blood cells; red blood cell activity has no correlation with specific ability, and can not be used as an indicator to determine specific ability.

The content of iron and magnesium in rowers is higher than that in ordinary people, which indicates that the adjustment of aerobic capacity and nerve control is very effective. The lower calcium content indicates that the injury caused by calcium loss should be prevented and the urgency of calcium supplementation should be emphasized.
In training, we should pay attention to increasing hemoglobin content and aerobic capacity by supplementing iron. We can further consider the effect of supplementing copper to promote iron supplementation.
PO-299 Isokinetic Assessment of Lower Extremities in Chinese Elite Male Figure Skaters
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Dongsen 
Published: October 2018

Objective Figure skating is a kind of sport that is a unique combination of art and athleticism. In recent years, the increased emphasis on jumping skills has become apparent, the number of quadruple jump in 2018 winter olympic game was 2.2 times in short program and 2.5 times in long program in the top six male figure skating athletes’s program choreography compared with the 2014.The demand for more jumping skills has resulted in an increased demand for lower extremity strength, power, and “power endurance” to achieve high-difficulty skills while fatigued.But there are few researches about the strength characteristics of figure skaters.. Present research project aimed to analyse the characteristic of lower extremities strength of chinese elite male figure skaters.
Methods 13 nationally ranked male figure skaters volunteered for this study ([M±SD] n=13, height 175.0±5.8 cm, weight 67.9±7.9kg, age 21.5±2.9yrs). The datas were collected from 2009-2013 years.All of the athletes landing by the right leg.The dynamic strength of hip and knee were obtained using a Isomed2000 isokinetic dynamometer system(D&R Ferstl GmbH, Hemau,Germany). Datas were recorded with computer system. Hip strength were tested in the lying position, the testing side thigh was fixed on the adapter, the range of movement was 10-100 degrees. Knee strength were tested in the siting position, the testing side calf was fixed on the adapter, the range of movement was 10-90 degrees. The other part of body were fix by the aid system. Both test speed used were 60 deg/sec.Used spss19.0 to analyze the datas. Used pair-t test to analyze the differences between left and right. Significance level is P≤0.05
Results The maximal knee extensor torque of left(2.82±0.39Nm/kg) was lower(L/R:0.946±0.077) than right(2.99±0.39Nm/kg)(P=0.024).;the maximal hip extensor torque of left(5.17±0.56Nm/kg) was higher(L/R:1.079±0.107) than right(4.81±0.54Nm/kg)(P=0.023);the maximal hip flexor torque of left(2.18±0.30Nm/kg) was lower(L/R:0.925±0.105) than right(2.37±0.37Nm/kg)(P=0.02).There was no difference between left(1.64±0.19Nm/kg) and right(1.69±0.20Nm/kg) knee flexors.Three athletes had been found imbalance(20% difference between left and right) in hip muscle.The Flex/Ext ratio of left hip(0.423±0.049) was lower than right(0.497±0.078)(P=0.001).The Flex/Ext ratio of knee was no difference between left(0.590±0.081) and right(0.568±0.054).
Conclusions The results obtained in this study show that the hip muscle differences were the major difference of chinese elite male figure skaters. Coaches should pay more attention to hip strength training in future.
Management of prolactinoma: a survey of endocrinologists in China
Authors: Ji Lijin , Yi Na , Zhang Qi , Zhang Shuo , Liu Xiaoxia , Shi Hongli , Lu Bin 
Published: October 2018

Objective
To assess the current management of prolactinoma among endocrinologists in China.

Methods
An online survey of a large sample of endocrinologists was conducted in China. The questionnaire included 21 questions related to controversial issues about the management of prolactinomas. Doctors in the endocrinology department of a university-affiliated hospital or a comprehensive secondary hospital in 12 cities from East, West, South, North and Middle China were surveyed.

Results
A total of 290 valid questionnaires were collected, and the response rate was 40%. When hyperprolactinemia occurred, 97% of the respondents would test thyroid-stimulating hormone routinely. 22% of the respondents considered that prolactin levels <100 ng/mL exclude the presence of a prolactinoma. Only 9% of the respondents believed that prolactin >250 ng/mL could occur in all the following situations as macroprolactinoma, mircoprolactinoma, macroprolactinemia and drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. Surgery was not recommended by 272 (94%) endocrinologists as the first choice for treating microprolactinomas. 58% and 92% of endocrinologists would start drug treatment for microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas at diagnosis. 70% and 40% chose to withdraw treatment after 2–3 years of prolactin normalization in microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas. In case of pregnancy, 57% of the respondents considered bromocriptine as choice for women patients. Drug discontinuation after pregnancy was advocated in 63% and 27% for microprolactinoma and macroprolactinoma. Moreover, 44% of endocrinologists believed that breastfeeding was allowable in both micro- and macroprolactinoma.

Conclusion
This is the first study to investigate the management of prolactinomas among endocrinologists in China. We found that the current clinical treatment was not uniform. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of endocrinologists to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment practices.
Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms After Injury
Authors: Ewing-Cobbs Linda , Cox Charles S. , Clark Amy E. , Holubkov Richard , Keenan Heather T. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:
We examined whether preinjury, demographic, and family factors influenced vulnerability to postconcussion symptoms (PCSs) persisting the year after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

METHODS:
Children with mTBI (n = 119), complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) (n = 110), or orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 118), recruited from emergency departments, were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed retrospective surveys to characterize preinjury demographic, child, and family characteristics. PCSs were assessed using a validated rating scale. With multivariable general linear models adjusted for preinjury symptoms, we examined predictors of PCSs 3, 6, and 12 months after injury in children ages 4 to 8, 9 to 12, and 13 to 15 years at injury. With logistic regression, we examined predictors of chronic PCSs 1 year after traumatic brain injury.

RESULTS:
Postinjury somatic, emotional, cognitive, and fatigue PCSs were similar in the mTBI and cmTBI groups and significantly elevated compared with the OI group. PCS trajectories varied with age and sex. Adolescents had elevated PCSs that improved; young children had lower initial symptoms and less change. Despite similar preinjury PCSs, girls had elevated symptoms across all time points compared with boys. PCS vulnerability factors included female sex, adolescence, preinjury mood problems, lower income, and family discord. Social capital was a protective factor. PCSs persisted in 25% to 31% of the traumatic brain injury group and 18% of the OI group at 1 year postinjury. The odds of chronic PCSs were almost twice as high in girls as in boys and were &gt;4 times higher in young children with cmTBI than in those with mTBI.

CONCLUSIONS:
A significant minority of children with mTBI and OI have PCSs that persisted 1 year after injury.
Quantification of anaerobic digestion feedstocks for a regional bioeconomy
Authors: Curry Robin , Pérez-Camacho María Natividad , Brennan Robert , Gilkinson Stephen , Cromie Thomas , Foster Percy , Smyth Beatrice , Orozco Angela , Groom Elaine , Murray Simon , Hanna Julie-Ann , Kelly Mark , Burke Morgan , Black Aaron , Irvine Christine , Rooney David , Glover Steven , McCullough Geoff , Foley Aoife , Ellis Geraint 
Published: October 2018

Anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production forms one of the fundamental building blocks of the bioeconomy, and a research programme has been under way in Northern Ireland, which culminated in the publication of a Biogas Research Action Plan 2020 in 2014. One important element of this programme was the identification of the need for an evidence base for the potential bioresource feedstocks. This paper reports the outputs of the quantification of feedstocks for AD research, which has identified the organic feedstocks available for biogas production on a regional basis and categorised these as: organic (biodegradable) fraction of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, organic industrial and commercial wastes, manure from livestock, food wastes and energy crops. The research study further quantified the biogas and energy potential of these feedstocks and possible reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The limitations of the research study are acknowledged and opportunities to address these and build on and extend the study are identified, including feedstocks for other bioeconomy processes and the application and further development of the biorefinery concept.
GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE SINIR DUVARLARI
Authors: YILDIZ Asli , SOYLUK Asena , SARICIOGLU Pelin 
Published: October 2018

Geçmişin
ve günümüzün teknolojik olanaklarından yararlanılarak yapılan sınır duvarları,
ülkelerin aslında kendi sınırlarını koruma içgüdülerinin birer eseridir. Bu
çalışma, ülkelerin sınırlarının kontrolünü güçlendirmeye yönelik inşa ettikleri
güvenlik duvarlarını, kullanılan malzeme
ve yapım teknikleri bağlamında geçmişten günümüze ele almakta ve mimari açıdan
ülkelerin sınır duvarlarını neden ve nasıl yaptıklarını kronolojik bir sırayla
incelemektedir. Yüzyıllardan beri birçok uygarlıkta duvarların yapımı yoluyla
sınırların kontrolünü güçlendirmeye yönelik faaliyetler süre gelmektedir. Sınır
duvarları, modern çağdan önce işgal ve saldırı tehditlerine karşı askeri
amaçlarla yapılmış ve genellikle engebeli dağlık tepelerde ya da ıssız
bozkırlarda yerel olarak temin edilebilen yapı malzemeleri ile inşa
edilmişlerdir. 20. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar ise büyük ölçüde kentsel bir
çevrede ve sadece bir şehir ve bir ülkeyi değil aynı zamanda zıt iki ideolojik,
politik, askeri, ekonomik ve kültürel bloğu birbirlerinden ayırmak için
kullanılmaktadırlar. Yeni bin yılın
başlangıcında giderek sınırların ortadan kalktığı global bir dünya oluşacağı
tahmin edilmektedir. Buna rağmen, yasadışı göç ve terörle mücadele ile yaşanan
güvenlik endişeleri nedeniyle dünya genelinde yeni birçok duvar inşa edilmesi
planlanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte yapım teknikleri
ve kullanım amaçları değişse de "duvar" geçmişten günümüze
uluslararası ilişkilerin temelinde yer almaktadır.