bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of techniques to quantify the effectiveness of powder bed fusion residue removal protocols
Authors: Hernandez Sanchez Jorge , Coburn James 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of medical devices with intricate geometries and patient-matched features. The medical industry especially has leveraged complex geometries for orthopedic applications. However, these geometries increase the difficulty of manufacturing residue removal. Furthermore, PBF-specific methods for residue removal and quantification have not been developed yet. This study aims to assess the use of a novel challenge assembly to evaluate PBF residue removal protocols.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel modular PBF challenge assembly was evaluated for its ability to resolve differences in the residue removal techniques. Several metrics were adapted from consensus standards and applied to evaluate their suitability. Though the challenge assembly can incorporate multiple complex geometries and reticulated structures, this study used the test case of regular lattice structures and two generic residue removal protocols (RRPs).

Findings
The challenge assembly successfully represented increasingly complex residue removal scenarios, showing increasing amounts of residue remaining in parts of increasing density. Simultaneous examination of multiple geometries with different residue removal difficulties can be used to design production processes. Indirect estimates of extracted residue provided some information on residue remaining. However, they were not sufficient to evaluate the part because of the high variability and uncertainty. Additional metrics proved necessary to corroborate the results during a verification phase. A carefully selected panel of metrics could provide adequate information to validate a process.

Originality/value
This study evaluated and demonstrated a framework to assess RRPs for complex geometries. It showed that the results of single indirect metrics such as extracted residues may provide ambiguous results across a range of parts. PBF-specific metrics for residue removal and quantification would greatly improve repeatability and certainty.
A model to predict deposition parameters for directed energy deposition: part I theory and modeling
Authors: Knapp Cameron Myron , Lienert Thomas J. , Burgardt Paul , Hochanadel Patrick Wayne , Kovar Desiderio 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Directed energy deposition (DED) with laser powder-feed is an additive manufacturing process that is used to produce metallic components by simultaneously providing a supply of energy from a laser and mass from a powder aerosol. The breadth of alloys used in DED is currently limited to a very small range as compared to wrought or cast alloys. The purpose of this paper is to develop the new alloys for DED is limited because current models to predict operational processing parameters are computationally expensive and trial-and-error based experiments are both expensive and time-consuming.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, an agile DED model is presented to predict the geometry produced by a single layer deposit.

Findings
The utility of the model is demonstrated for type 304 L stainless steel and the significance of the predicted deposition regimes is discussed. The proposed model incorporates concepts from heat transfer, welding and laser cladding; and integrates them with experimental fits and physical models that are relevant to DED.

Originality/value
The utility of the model is demonstrated for type 304 L stainless steel and the significance of the predicted deposition regimes is discussed.
Grafting: “the boyz” just doing business? Deviant entrepreneurship in street gangs
Authors: Hesketh Robert Francis , Robinson Grace 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to disseminate street gang research by Hesketh (2018) that has identified young people’s perceptions between employment and criminality in areas of Merseyside becoming blurred. In particular, disenfranchised young males are turning to involvement with drug dealing street gangs as a substitute for employment.

Design/methodology/approach
The research involved the use of a hybrid design using an adapted version of Wengraf’s (2001) biographic narrative interpretive method as the means for data collection with Strauss and Corbin’s (1995) grounded theory approach as the means of analysis.

Findings
Such is the demand for Class A drugs in night-time economies that street gangs in areas close to such economies are adding a dark business-like dimension for which Hesketh (2018) has termed “Deviant Entrepreneurship”. This can range from selling drugs on behalf of adult organised crime figures (known on the streets of Liverpool as “grafting”) to self-employment as sole trading deviant group enterprises having several “grafts” that recent research by Robinson, McLean and Densley (2018) has noted, has extended into the annals of Criminal Child Exploitation.

Research limitations/implications
Data were derived from a sample of young males, thus, no observations can be made about females involved in gangs.

Practical implications
The research highlights the need for more gang interventions that focus on building opportunities within marginalised areas. It also suggests as Andell (2019) points out a need for a fresh approach to countering gang culture.

Social implications
The paper concludes by suggesting that Merseyside is only one in many marginalised areas of the UK facing a similar problem as young people involved in street gangs attempt to realise their potential not through legitimate employment means but through dark entrepreneurial techniques learnt from older peers and adult figures.

Originality/value
The findings are taken from a PhD thesis by Robert F. Hesketh University of Chester.
Development of a framework for agile manufacturing
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Singh Kanwarpreet , Jain Sanjiv Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
In the past, the insufficiency of the traditional business practices to meet vibrant customer demands in continuously changing business environment has severely affected organizational competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to develop and propose a new framework for smoother and effective implementation of agile manufacturing by identifying and integrating a set of significant agility principles and techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
The present work proposed a framework for agile manufacturing by deploying the comparative analysis of 17 frameworks published in peer-reviewed journals.

Findings
The proposed conceptual framework constitutes of eight pillars for agile manufacturing implementation. The proposed framework relies on a strong foundation of leadership support. The roof of the proposed framework of agile manufacturing is supported by the pillars constituted of seven elements, an industry must deploy for successfully implementing agile manufacturing, namely, human resource-related issues, organizational culture-related issues, supplier-related issues, customer-related issues, innovation, concurrent engineering and information technology.

Originality/value
This work is the first attempt, in the best knowledge of the authors, to employ comparative analysis for critically analyzing a wide range of agile manufacturing frameworks. The findings of this study will assist researchers and managers in agile manufacturing implementation in more a smoother and effective way in manufacturing industries.
Seeing‐good‐gene‐based mate choice: From genes to behavioural preferences
Authors: Sun Li , Zhou Tong , Stone Graham N. , Wan Qiu‐Hong , Fang Sheng‐Guo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Although vertebrates have been reported to gain higher reproductive outputs by choosing mates, few studies have been conducted on threatened species. However, species recovery should benefit if natural mate choice could improve reproductive output (i.e. pair performance related to offspring number, such as increased clutch size, numbers of fertilized egg and fledglings). We assessed the evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐based mate preference in the endangered crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and quantified the impacts of such choice on reproductive output.

We tested the hypothesis that crested ibis advertise “good genes” through external traits, by testing whether nuptial plumage characteristics and body morphology mediate mate choice for underlying genetic MHC variation.

We found differences between males and females in preferred MHC genotypes, external traits used in mate choice and contributions to reproductive outputs. Females preferred MHC‐heterozygous males, which had darker [i.e. lower total reflectance and ultraviolet (UV) reflectance] nuptial plumage. Males preferred females lacking the DAB*d allele at the MHC class II DAB locus, which had higher average body mass. DAB*d‐free females yielded heavier eggs and more fledglings, while MHC‐heterozygous males contributed to more fertilized eggs and fledglings. Fledging rate was highest when both parents had the preferred MHC genotypes (i.e. MHC‐heterozygous father and DAB*d‐free mother). Comparisons showed that free‐mating wild and semi‐natural pairs yielded more fertilized eggs and more fledglings, with a higher fledging rate, than captive pairs matched artificially based on pedigree.

Conservation programmes seldom apply modern research results to population management, which could hinder recovery of threatened species. Our results show that mate choice can play an important role in improving reproductive output, with an example in which an endangered bird selects mates using UV visual capability. Despite the undoubted importance of pedigree‐based matching of mates in conservation programmes, we show that free mating can be a better alternative strategy.
Glutathione peroxidase‐1 gene rescues cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference in mice by inhibiting σ‐1 receptor expression
Authors: Pham Duc Toan , Chung Yoon Hee , Mai Huynh Nhu , Sharma Naveen , Yun Jaesuk , Kim Hee Jin , Cheong Jae Hoon , Jeong Ji Hoon , Kim Dae‐Joong , Shin Eun‐Joo , Kim Hyoung‐Chun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the glutathione peroxidase‐1 gene (GPx‐1) affects cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) using a mouse model. Cocaine‐induced CPP was accompanied by an increase in the level of σ‐1 receptor in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This phenomenon was more pronounced in the GPx‐1 gene knockout (GPx‐1 KO) than in wild type (WT) mice. In contrast, the CPP and expression of σ‐1 receptor were much less pronounced in GPx‐1‐overexpressing transgenic (GPx‐1 TG) mice than non‐transgenic (non‐TG) mice. Treatment of the mice with BD1047, a σ‐1 receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated both cocaine‐induced CPP and c‐Fos‐immunoreactivity (c‐Fos‐IR) in WT and GPx‐1 KO mice, although the effects were more evident in the latter group. Despite the protective effects of BD1047 on cocaine‐induced CPP and c‐Fos in non‐TG mice, there were no additional protective effects in cocaine‐treated GPx‐1 TG mice, indicating that the σ‐1 receptor is a critical target for GPx‐1‐mediated psychoprotective activity. Overall, our results suggest that GPx‐1 attenuates cocaine‐induced CPP via inhibition of σ‐1 receptor expression.
Aggregate and distributional impacts of China’s household responsibility system
Authors: Gibson John 
Published: July 2019

It is 40 years since China started to abandon collective farming, with initial rural reforms in 1978 that culminated in adoption of the household responsibility system (HRS). Existing studies of impacts of these reforms do not consider nonrandom spread of the HRS, spillovers from early adopters, or distributional effects. In this paper, the synthetic control method and spatial autoregressive panel models with autoregressive errors are used to estimate impacts of the HRS that account for these features. The HRS had a significant positive effect on grain output and food supply in China, while also helping to reduce regional inequality.
The place of therapy: between lab and field in the psychoanalytic office
Authors: Craciun Mariana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article builds on recent scholarship in medicine, science and technology illuminating the role of place and materiality in medical work. Drawing on ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews withUSpsychiatrists, psychologists and clinical social workers, I examine how the therapy office shapes psychoanalytic psychotherapists’ efforts to understand their patients’ unconscious conflicts. The concepts of ‘laboratory’ and ‘field’ frame my discussion of the material set up of the clinical room and the relational practices it fosters. I show that psychoanalytic practitioners try to approximate ‘laboratory conditions’ that insulate patients’ problems from their everyday contexts and ensure a sense of stability. I also demonstrate that these clinicians’ work depends on revealing personal preferences in the therapy room and fostering therapeutic relationships that resemble those in patients’ everyday lives, making the office akin to the ‘field’. The office thus becomes epistemically productive through therapists’ management of the paradoxical relationship between laboratory and field.
Diagnostic accuracy of the partograph alert and action lines to predict adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Bonet M , Oladapo OT , Souza JP , Gülmezoglu AM 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThere are questions about the use of the ‘one‐centimetre per hour rule’ as a valid benchmark for assessing the adequacy of labour progress.ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of the alert (1‐cm/hour) and action lines of the cervicograph in the partograph to predict adverse birth outcomes among women in first stage of labour.Search strategyPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, POPLINE, Global Health Library, and reference lists of eligible studies.Selection criteriaObservational studies and other study designs reporting data on the correlation between the alert line status of women in labour and the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers at a time independently identified eligible studies and independently abstracted data including population characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcomes.Main resultsThirteen studies in which 20 471 women participated were included in the review. The percentage of women crossing the alert line varied from 8 to 76% for all maternal or perinatal outcomes. No study showed a robust diagnostic test accuracy profile for any of the selected outcomes.ConclusionsThis systematic review does not support the use of the cervical dilatation over time (at a threshold of 1 cm/h during active first stage) to identify women at risk of adverse birth outcomes.Tweetable abstractAlert line of partograph does not identify women at risk of adverse birth outcomes.
Improvement of the Sensory Characteristics of Goat Milk Yogurt
Authors: De Santis Diana , Giacinti Giuseppina , Chemello Giulia , Frangipane Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sensory characteristics of goat yogurt could be greatly improved by integrating to a culture typical of yogurt starters, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, with cultures of Leuconostoc lactis. The addition of L. lactis requires the use of the definition of “fermented milk” to the product, although it is prepared according to the same technology. The experimental plan has designed the use of inoculation with a bacterial concentration of at least 109, for each microbial species considered, with the aim of increasing the probiotic effect of yogurt and fermented milk. Descriptive analysis of the samples was conducted using the profile sheet obtained applying the consensus profiling method (UNI EN ISO 13299:2010) by a trained panel. The acceptability of our products was evaluated by 62 consumers through 7‐points hedonic scale. The results of this study indicated that the addition of L. lactis to the traditional yogurt starter produced a noticeable improvement to the sensory characteristics of fermented goat milk.Practical ApplicationTo improve the sensory characteristics of goat's yogurt to make it more acceptable to the consumer and increase market demand we tested the integration of Leuconostoc lactis to typical starter cultures. The experimentation carried out tested different combinations of fermenting microorganisms with the aim of developing a better flavor as compared to that of traditional yogurt, which is often unpleasant to consumers. The addition of L. lactis to the starter culture of the goat's milk results in less aggressive aromatic notes and greater appreciation as confirmed by consumers who tested the product.
Occurrence of Human Enteric Adenoviruses in Fresh Tropical Seafood from Retail Markets and Landing Centers
Authors: Ghosh Subal Kumar , Lekshmi Manjusha , Das Oishi , Kumar Sanath , Nayak Binaya Bhusan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the foodborne enteric pathogens transmitted by the consumption of contaminated shellfish. In this study, the occurrence of enteric adenoviruses in finfish and shellfish was investigated by virus concentration and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total plate count, total coliform, and fecal coliform levels were determined and correlated with the presence of adenovirus. Samples of fish, bivalve mollusks, crustaceans, and cephalopods were collected from supermarkets, landing centers, and retail fish markets of Mumbai, India for the study. Overall, the adenovirus DNA was detected in 21.27% of all the samples analyzed. The highest incidence was detected in clams (14.89%), followed by oysters, shrimps, and finfish (2.13% each). High prevalence of enteric adenovirus in filter‐feeding bivalves, such as clams and oysters, as well as in fish suggests persistent fecal contamination of coastal waters in the region of study. The occurrence of adenoviruses in samples showed a positive correlation with the bacteriological indicators of fecal contamination, suggesting that fecal indicator bacteria may be used to monitor the presence of adenoviruses in seafood.Practical ApplicationThis research demonstrates the occurrence of human adenoviruse (HAdV) in fresh seafood and the utility of fecal coliforms as indicators of HAdV presence in seafood. The study emphasizes the need to identify HAdV in seafood as a human health hazard and implement measures to prevent sewage pollution of fish and shellfish harvesting areas in India.
Practical uses of contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography in daily work: A pictorial review
Authors: Alexander Sweeka , Dulku Gurjeet , Hashoul Sharbell , Taylor Donna B 
Published: July 2019

SummaryContrast‐enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) has a number of uses including the work‐up of inconclusive findings on mammography, assessment of breast symptoms, cancer staging, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and recently as an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high‐risk screening. CESM can be swiftly incorporated into the workflow of busy breast clinics. We share our experiences with CESM at a large breast assessment centre in Western Australia.
Advancing the integration of multi‐marker metabarcoding data in dietary analysis of trophic generalists
Authors: da Silva Luís P. , Mata Vanessa A. , Lopes Pedro B. , Pereira Paulo , Jarman Simon N. , Lopes Ricardo J. , Beja Pedro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe application of DNA metabarcoding to dietary analysis of trophic generalists requires using multiple markers in order to overcome problems of primer specificity and bias. However, limited attention has been given to the integration of information from multiple markers, particularly when they partly overlap in the taxa amplified, and vary in taxonomic resolution and biases. Here, we test the use of a mix of universal and specific markers, provide criteria to integrate multi‐marker metabarcoding data and a python script to implement such criteria and produce a single list of taxa ingested per sample. We then compare the results of dietary analysis based on morphological methods, single markers, and the proposed combination of multiple markers. The study was based on the analysis of 115 faeces from a small passerine, the Black Wheatears (Oenanthe leucura). Morphological analysis detected far fewer plant taxa (12) than either a universal 18S marker (57) or the plant trnL marker (124). This may partly reflect the detection of secondary ingestion by molecular methods. Morphological identification also detected far fewer taxa (23) than when using 18S (91) or the arthropod markers IN16STK (244) and ZBJ (231), though each method missed or underestimated some prey items. Integration of multi‐marker data provided far more detailed dietary information than any single marker and estimated higher frequencies of occurrence of all taxa. Overall, our results show the value of integrating data from multiple, taxonomically overlapping markers in an example dietary data set.
Neuronal‐specific proteasome augmentation via Prosβ5 overexpression extends lifespan and reduces age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Munkácsy Erin , Chocron E. Sandra , Quintanilla Laura , Gendron Christi M. , Pletcher Scott D. , Pickering Andrew M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCognitive function declines with age throughout the animal kingdom, and increasing evidence shows that disruption of the proteasome system contributes to this deterioration. The proteasome has important roles in multiple aspects of the nervous system, including synapse function and plasticity, as well as preventing cell death and senescence. Previous studies have shown neuronal proteasome depletion and inhibition can result in neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits, but it is unclear if this pathway is a driver of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in aging. We report that overexpression of the proteasome β5 subunit enhances proteasome assembly and function. Significantly, we go on to show that neuronal‐specific proteasome augmentation slows age‐related declines in measures of learning, memory, and circadian rhythmicity. Surprisingly, neuronal‐specific augmentation of proteasome function also produces a robust increase of lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Our findings appear specific to the nervous system; ubiquitous proteasome overexpression increases oxidative stress resistance but does not impact lifespan and is detrimental to some healthspan measures. These findings demonstrate a key role of the proteasome system in brain aging.