bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal Coastal‐Trapped Wave Propagations in the Southeastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans: 1. A New Approach to Estimate Wave Amplitude
Authors: Illig Serena , Cadier Emeline , Bachèlery Marie‐Lou , Kersalé Marion 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Humboldt and the Benguela upwelling systems are connected to the equatorial variability through the coastal waveguide, so that a large variance of the coastal sea level and current variability can be described as an infinite sum of orthonormal free Coastal‐Trapped Wave (CTW) modes. The objective of this study is to infer the CTW mode contributions to the coastal variability in both systems at subseasonal timescales (<120 days) from regional ocean circulation model simulations. We develop and validate twin regional model configurations of the southeastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Cross‐shore spatial structures of the first four free CTW modes are then derived from model mean stratification and topography along the southwestern African and South American continents. We introduce and validate a new methodology to estimate the gravest CTW mode contributions to model pressure and alongshore current. Our formulation draws on the orthonormality of the CTW modal structures, and uses a simple projection of the coastal and bottom model pressure onto each CTW structure. Results give confidence in the ability of this modal decomposition methodology to disentangle CTW mode contributions from complex nonlinear coastal processes that control the coastal subseasonal variability. In both systems, it allows to successfully extract the gravest poleward propagating CTW modes with velocities close to the theoretical values and amplitudes consistent with the solutions of a simple multimode linear CTW model. Furthermore, results show that both systems exhibit relatively different CTW dynamics and forcings which are discussed in the companion paper (Illig et al., 2018).
Generation of Near‐Inertial Currents on the Mid‐Atlantic Bight by Hurricane Arthur (2014)
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Ming , Miles Travis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNear‐inertial currents (NICs) were observed on the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) during the passage of Hurricane Arthur (2014). High‐frequency radars showed that the surface currents were weak near the coast but increased in the offshore direction. The NICs were damped out in 3–4 days in the southern MAB but persisted for up to 10 days in the northern MAB. A Slocum glider deployed on the shelf recorded two‐layer baroclinic currents oscillating at the inertial frequency. A numerical model was developed to interpret the observed spatial and temporal variabilities of the NICs and their vertical modal structure. Energy budget analysis showed that most of the differences in the NICs between the shelf and the deep ocean were determined by the spatial variations in wind energy input. In the southern MAB, energy dissipation quickly balanced the wind energy input, causing a rapid damping of the NICs. In the northern MAB, however, the dissipation lagged the wind energy input such that the NICs persisted. The model further showed that mode‐1 waves dominated throughout the MAB shelf and accounted for over 70% of the current variability in the NICs. Rotary spectrum analyses revealed that the NICs were the largest component of the total kinetic energy except in the southern MAB and the inner shelf regions with strong tides. The NICs were also a major contributor to the shear spectrum over an extensive area of the MAB shelf and thus may play an important role in producing turbulent mixing and cooling of the surface mixed layer.
Tsunami Waves and Tsunami‐Induced Natural Oscillations Determined by HF Radar in Ise Bay, Japan
Authors: Toguchi Y. , Fujii S. , Hinata H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTsunami waves and the subsequent natural oscillations generated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake were observed by two high‐frequency (HF) radars and four tidal gauge records in Ise Bay. The radial velocity components of both records increased abruptly at approximately 17:00 (JST) and continued for more than 24 h. This indicated that natural oscillations followed the tsunami in Ise Bay. The spectral analyses showed that the tsunami wave arrivals had periods of 16–19, 30–40, 60–90, and 120–140 min. The three longest periods were remarkably amplified. Time‐frequency analysis also showed the energy increase and duration of these periods. We used an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) to analyze the total velocity of the currents to find the underlying oscillation patterns in the three longest periods. To verify the physical properties of the EOF analysis results, we calculated the oscillation modes in Ise Bay using a numerical model proposed by Loomis. The results of EOF analysis showed that the oscillation modes of 120–140 and 60–90 min period bands were distributed widely, whereas the oscillation mode of the 30–40 min period band was distributed locally. The EOF spatial patterns of each period showed good agreement with the eigenmodes calculated by the method of Loomis (1975). Thus, the HF radars were capable of observing the tsunami arrival and the subsequent oscillations.
A Reconstruction Method for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Reflectance in the Visible Domain and Applications
Authors: Li Zhaoxin , Sun Deyong , Qiu Zhongfeng , Xi Hongyan , Wang Shengqiang , Perrie William , Li Yunmei , Han Bing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA reconstruction method was developed for hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) data in the visible domain (400–700 nm) based on in situ observations. A total of 2,647 Rrs spectra were collected over a wide variety of water environments including open ocean, coastal and inland waters. Ten schemes with different band numbers (6 to 15) were tested based on a nonlinear model. It was found that the accuracy of the reconstruction increased with the increase of input band numbers. Eight of these schemes met the accuracy criterion with the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) values between reconstructed and in situ Rrs less than 0.00025 sr−1 and 5%, respectively. We chose the eight‐band scheme for further evaluation because of its decent performance. The results revealed that the parameterization derived by the eight‐band scheme was efficient for restoring Rrs spectra from different water bodies. In contrast to the previous studies that used a linear model with 15 spectral bands, the nonlinear model with the eight‐band scheme yielded a comparable reconstruction performance. The MAE and MRE values were generally less than 0.00016 sr−1 and 3% respectively; much lower than the uncertainties in satellite‐derived Rrs products. Furthermore, a preliminary experiment of this method on the data from the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) showed high potential in the future applications for reconstructing Rrs spectra from space‐borne optical sensors. Overall, the eight‐band scheme with our nonlinear model was proven to be optimal for hyperspectral Rrs reconstruction in the visible domain.
The Influence of Syndepositional Macropores on the Hydraulic Integrity of Thick Alluvial Clay Aquitards
Authors: Timms Wendy A. , Acworth R. Ian , Crane Richard A. , Arns Christoph H. , Arns Ji‐Youn , McGeeney Dayna E. , Rau Gabriel C. , Cuthbert Mark O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClay‐rich deposits are commonly assumed to be aquitards which act as natural hydraulic barriers due to their low hydraulic connectivity. Postdepositional weathering processes are known to increase the permeability of aquitards in the near surface but not impact on deeper parts of relatively thick formations. However, syndepositional processes affecting the hydraulic properties of aquitards have previously received little attention in the literature. Here, we analyze a 31 m deep sediment core recovered from an inland clay‐rich sedimentary sequence using a combination of techniques including particle size distribution and microscopy, centrifuge dye tracer testing and micro X‐ray CT imaging. Subaerial deposition of soils within these fine grained alluvial deposits has led to the preservation of considerable macropores (root channels or animal burrows). Connected pores and macropores thus account for vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) of
m/s (geometric mean of 13 samples) throughout the thick aquitard, compared to a matrix K that is likely <
m/s, the minimum K value that was measured. Our testing demonstrates that such syndepositional features may compromise the hydraulic integrity of what otherwise appears to have the characteristics of a much lower permeability aquitard. Heterogeneity within a clay‐rich matrix could also enhance vertical connectivity, as indicated by digital analysis of pore morphology in CT images. We highlight that the paleo‐environment under which the sediment was deposited must be considered when aquitards are investigated as potential natural hydraulic barriers and illustrate the value of combining multiple investigation techniques for characterizing clay‐rich deposits.
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Increased Ganglion Dynamics During Fractional Flow in Mixed‐Wet Porous Media
Authors: Zou Shuangmei , Armstrong Ryan T. , Arns Ji‐Youn , Arns Christoph H. , Hussain Furqan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractX‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT) provides a nondestructive way for estimating rock properties such as relative permeability. Relative permeability is computed on the fluid distributions generated on three dimensional images of the pore structure of a rock. However, it is difficult to numerically reproduce actual fluid distributions at the pore scale, particularly for a mixed‐wet rock. Recent advances in imaging technologies have made it possible to directly resolve a large field of view for arbitrary wetting conditions. Herein, the objective of this study is to evaluate relative permeability computations on imaged fluid distributions under water‐wet and mixed‐wet conditions. By simultaneously injecting oil and brine on a Bentheimer sandstone before and after wettability alteration, imaged fluid distributions are obtained under steady state conditions. Then relative permeability computations performed on imaged fluid distribution are compared with experimental data obtained on the same rock. We find that relative permeabilities computed directly from imaged fluid distributions show agreement with experimental data in water‐wet rock while for mixed‐wet rock, the imaged connected pathways provided a poor estimate of relative permeability. Analysis of imaged fluid distributions and connectivity demonstrates that under mixed‐wet conditions, increased dynamic connectivity and ganglion dynamics result in non‐equilibrium effects at the fluid‐fluid interface. These effects result in more energy dissipation during fractional flow in mixed‐wet systems and thus lower effective permeability than water‐wet rock at the same saturation.
The Biological Pump and Seasonal Variability of pCO2 in the Southern Ocean: Exploring the Role of Diatom Adaptation to Low Iron
Authors: Person R. , Aumont O. , Lévy M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIron is known to limit primary production in the Southern Ocean (SO). To cope with the lack of this micronutrient, diatoms, a dominant phytoplankton group in this oceanic region, have been shown in cultures to have developed an original adaptation strategy to maintain efficient growth rates despite very low cellular iron quotas, even in low light conditions. Using a global ocean biogeochemical model, we explored the consequences of this physiological adaptation for the biological pump and the seasonal variability of both surface chlorophyll concentrations and surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in this key region for global climate. In the model, we implemented a low intracellular Fe:C requirement in the SO for diatoms uniquely. This results in an increase of 10% in the relative contribution of diatoms to total SO primary production. The biological pump is also strengthened, which increases the biological contribution to the seasonal evolution of pCO2 relative to the thermodynamic component. Therefore, the seasonal evolution of both surface chlorophyll and surface pCO2 is significantly impacted, with a marked improvement, in our model, in the SO polar zone compared to the observations. Our model study underscores the potentially important consequences that this adaptive physiological behavior of diatoms could have on marine biogeochemistry in the SO. It is thus critical to improve our understanding of the physiology of this key phytoplankton group, in particular in the SO.
Optical interrogation of neuronal circuitry in zebrafish using genetically encoded voltage indicators
Authors: Miyazawa Hiroaki , Okumura Kanoko , Hiyoshi Kanae , Maruyama Kazuhiro , Kakinuma Hisaya , Amo Ryunosuke , Okamoto Hitoshi , Yamasu Kyo , Tsuda Sachiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptical measurement of membrane potentials enables fast, direct and simultaneous detection of membrane potentials from a population of neurons, providing a desirable approach for functional analysis of neuronal circuits. Here, we applied recently developed genetically encoded voltage indicators, ASAP1 (Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials 1) and QuasAr2 (Quality superior to Arch 2), to zebrafish, an ideal model system for studying neurogenesis. To achieve this, we established transgenic lines which express the voltage sensors, and showed that ASAP1 is expressed in zebrafish neurons. To examine whether neuronal activity could be detected by ASAP1, we performed whole-cerebellum imaging, showing that depolarization was detected widely in the cerebellum and optic tectum upon electrical stimulation. Spontaneous activity in the spinal cord was also detected by ASAP1 imaging at single-cell resolution as well as at the neuronal population level. These responses mostly disappeared following treatment with tetrodotoxin, indicating that ASAP1 enabled optical measurement of neuronal activity in the zebrafish brain. Combining this method with other approaches, such as optogenetics and behavioural analysis may facilitate a deeper understanding of the functional organization of brain circuitry and its development.
Ensemble of European regional climate simulations for the winter of 2013 and 2014 from HadAM3P-RM3P
Authors: Schaller Nathalie , Sparrow Sarah N. , Massey Neil R. , Bowery Andy , Miller Jonathan , Wilson Simon , Wallom David C.H. , Otto Friederike E.L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLarge data sets used to study the impact of anthropogenic climate change on the 2013/14 floods in the UK are provided. The data consist of perturbed initial conditions simulations using the Weather@Home regional climate modelling framework. Two different base conditions, Actual, including atmospheric conditions (anthropogenic greenhouse gases and human induced aerosols) as at present and Natural, with these forcings all removed are available. The data set is made up of 13 different ensembles (2 actual and 11 natural) with each having more than 7500 members. The data is available as NetCDF V3 files representing monthly data within the period of interest (1st Dec 2013 to 15th February 2014) for both a specified European region at a 50 km horizontal resolution and globally at N96 resolution. The data is stored within the UK Natural and Environmental Research Council Centre for Environmental Data Analysis repository.
The Alexandria library, a quantum-chemical database of molecular properties for force field development
Authors: Ghahremanpour Mohammad M. , van Maaren Paul J. , van der Spoel David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractData quality as well as library size are crucial issues for force field development. In order to predict molecular properties in a large chemical space, the foundation to build force fields on needs to encompass a large variety of chemical compounds. The tabulated molecular physicochemical properties also need to be accurate. Due to the limited transparency in data used for development of existing force fields it is hard to establish data quality and reusability is low. This paper presents the Alexandria library as an open and freely accessible database of optimized molecular geometries, frequencies, electrostatic moments up to the hexadecupole, electrostatic potential, polarizabilities, and thermochemistry, obtained from quantum chemistry calculations for 2704 compounds. Values are tabulated and where available compared to experimental data. This library can assist systematic development and training of empirical force fields for a broad range of molecules.
A data discovery index for the social sciences
Authors: Krämer Thomas , Klas Claus-Peter , Hausstein Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a novel search index for social and economic research data, one that enables users to search up-to-date references for data holdings in these disciplines. The index can be used for comparative analysis of publication of datasets in different areas of social science. The core of the index is the da|ra registration agency’s database for social and economic data, which contains high-quality searchable metadata from registered data publishers. Research data’s metadata records are harvested from data providers around the world and included in the index. In this paper, we describe the currently available indices on social science datasets and their shortcomings. Next, we describe the motivation behind and the purpose for the data discovery index as a dedicated and curated platform for finding social science research data and gesisDataSearch, its user interface. Further, we explain the harvesting, filtering and indexing procedure and give usage instructions for the dataset index. Lastly, we show that the index is currently the most comprehensive and most accessible collection of social science data descriptions available.
Does the Visual Channel Improve the Perception of Consonants Produced by Speakers of French With Down Syndrome?
Authors: Hennequin Alexandre , Rochet-Capellan Amélie , Gerber Silvain , Dohen Marion 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This work evaluates whether seeing the speaker's face could improve the speech intelligibility of adults with Down syndrome (DS). This is not straightforward because DS induces a number of anatomical and motor anomalies affecting the orofacial zone.

Method
A speech-in-noise perception test was used to evaluate the intelligibility of 16 consonants (Cs) produced in a vowel–consonant–vowel context (Vo = /a/) by 4 speakers with DS and 4 control speakers. Forty-eight naïve participants were asked to identify the stimuli in 3 modalities: auditory (A), visual (V), and auditory–visual (AV). The probability of correct responses was analyzed, as well as AV gain, confusions, and transmitted information as a function of modality and phonetic features.

Results
The probability of correct response follows the trend AV > A > V, with smaller values for the DS than the control speakers in A and AV but not in V. This trend depended on the C: the V information particularly improved the transmission of place of articulation and to a lesser extent of manner, whereas voicing remained specifically altered in DS.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the V information is intact in the speech of people with DS and improves the perception of some phonetic features in Cs in a similar way as for control speakers. This result has implications for further studies, rehabilitation protocols, and specific training of caregivers.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6002267
Systematic search for tidal features around nearby galaxies
Authors: Morales Gustavo , Martínez-Delgado David , Grebel Eva K. , Cooper Andrew P. , Javanmardi Behnam , Miskolczi Arpad 
Published: April 2018

Context. In hierarchical models of galaxy formation, stellar tidal streams are expected around most, if not all, galaxies. Although these features may provide useful diagnostics of the Λ CDM model, their observational properties remain poorly constrained because they are challenging to detect and interpret and have been studied in detail for only a sparse sampling of galaxy population. More quantitative, systematic approaches are required. We advocate statistical analysis of the counts and properties of such features in archival wide-field imaging surveys for a direct comparison against results from numerical simulations. Aims. We aim to study systematically the frequency of occurrence and other observational properties of tidal features around nearby galaxies. The sample we construct will act as a foundational dataset for statistical comparison with cosmological models of galaxy formation.
Methods. Our approach is based on a visual classification of diffuse features around a volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies, using a post-processing of Sloan Digital Syk Survey (SDSS) imaging optimized for the detection of stellar structure with low surface brightness.
Results. At a limiting surface brightness of 28 mag arcsec−2, 14% of the galaxies in our sample exhibit evidence of diffuse features likely to have arisen from minor merging events. Our technique recovers all previously known streams in our sample and yields a number of new candidates. Consistent with previous studies, coherent arc-like features and shells are the most common type of tidal structures found in this study. We conclude that although some detections are ambiguous and could be corroborated or refuted with deeper imaging, our technique provides a reliable foundation for the statistical analysis of diffuse circumgalactic features in wide-area imaging surveys, and for the identification of targets for follow-up studies.
Estimating activity cycles with probabilistic methods
Authors: Olspert N. , Pelt J. , Käpylä M. J. , Lehtinen J. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Period estimation is one of the central topics in astronomical time series analysis, in which data is often unevenly sampled. Studies of stellar magnetic cycles are especially challenging, as the periods expected in those cases are approximately the same length as the datasets themselves. The datasets often contain trends, the origin of which is either a real long-term cycle or an instrumental effect. But these effects cannot be reliably separated, while they can lead to erroneous period determinations if not properly handled.
Aims. In this study we aim at developing a method that can handle the trends properly. By performing an extensive set of testing, we show that this is the optimal procedure when contrasted with methods that do not include the trend directly in the model. The effect of the form of the noise (whether constant or heteroscedastic) on the results is also investigated.
Methods. We introduced a Bayesian generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram with trend (BGLST), which is a probabilistic linear regression model using Gaussian priors for the coefficients of the fit and a uniform prior for the frequency parameter.
Results. We show, using synthetic data, that when there is no prior information on whether and to what extent the true model of the data contains a linear trend, the introduced BGLST method is preferable to the methods that either detrend the data or opt not to detrend the data before fitting the periodic model. Whether to use noise with other than constant variance in the model depends on the density of the data sampling and on the true noise type of the process.
Editorial
Authors: Schuch Florian 
Published: April 2018

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,ein ausgesprochen spannendes, abwechslungsreiches und gut lesbares Heft „Aktuelle Rheumatologie“ liegt vor Ihnen. Die Rheumatologie und rheumatologische Differenzialdiagnostik ist und bleibt bunt, vielfältig und überraschend.