bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐treatment CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density predicts distant metastasis after definitive treatment in patients with stage III/IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ono T. , Azuma K. , Kawahara A. , Akiba J. , Kakuma T. , Chitose S. , Umeno H. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesAlthough inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and local immune markers have been shown to have prognostic utility, limited information is available regarding inflammatory and pre‐existing tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density and their association with prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We investigated the prognostic ability of inflammatory markers and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density in stage III and stage IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving definitive treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKurume University Hospital.ParticipantsNinety‐six stage III or stage IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at the Kurume University Hospital between 2000 and 2014.Main outcome measuresInflammatory markers and pre‐treatment tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density were examined from recorded haematologic data and immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsMultivariate analyses showed that the CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density was an independent predictive factor for distant metastasis and overall survival, whereas inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, were not correlated with distant metastasis or overall survival.ConclusionsHigher pre‐treatment CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density is a useful predictive biomarker for reduced distant metastasis and better prognosis.
Shedding light on an unknown reality in solid organ transplant patients’ self‐management: A contextual inquiry study
Authors: Vanhoof Jasper M. M. , Vandenberghe Bert , Geerts David , Philippaerts Pieter , De Mazière Patrick , DeVito Dabbs Annette , De Geest Sabina , Dobbels Fabienne ,   the PICASSO‐Tx consortium
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraditional quantitative and qualitative research methods inadequately capture the complexity of patients’ daily self‐management. Contextual inquiry methodology, using home visits, allows a more in‐depth understanding of how patients integrate immunosuppressive medication intake, physical activity, and healthy eating in their daily lives, and which difficulties they experience when doing so. This mixed‐method study comprised 2 home visits in 19 purposively selected adult heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplant patients, asking them to demonstrate how they implement the aforementioned health behaviors. Meanwhile, conversations were audio‐taped and photographs were taken. Audio‐visual materials were coded using directed content analysis. Difficulties and supportive strategies were identified via inductive thematic analysis. We learned that few patients understood what “sufficiently active” means. Physical discomforts and poor motivation created variation across activity levels observed. Health benefits of dietary guidelines were insufficiently understood, and their implementation into everyday life considered difficult. Many underestimated the strictness of immunosuppressive medication intake, and instructions on handling late doses were unclear. Interruptions in routine and busyness contributed to nonadherence. We also learned that professionals often recommend supportive strategies, which patients not always like or need. This contextual inquiry study revealed unique insights, providing a basis for patient‐tailored self‐management interventions.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of psychological interventions in people with diabetes and elevated diabetes‐distress
Authors: Schmidt C. B. , van Loon B. J. Potter , Vergouwen A. C. M. , Snoek F. J. , Honig A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsThe clinical relevance of diabetes‐distress is increasingly recognized, but little is known about the efficacy of interventions specifically targeted to treat elevated diabetes‐distress. Therefore, this systematic review sought to determine the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at treating elevated diabetes‐distress in people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe systematically searched literature from five databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with an English abstract, describing the results of a psychological intervention in adults with diabetes were included. Articles were eligible for inclusion if the primary outcome was diabetes‐distress measured by the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID‐5/PAID‐20) or the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS‐17). Only mean group diabetes‐distress values above cut‐off at baseline or the results of a subgroup above cut‐off (PAID‐5 ≥ 8, PAID‐20 ≥ 40 or DDS‐17 ≥ 3) were included.ResultsThe search yielded 8907 articles. After removing 2800 duplicates, 6107 articles remained. Titles and abstracts were screened, leaving 394 potential articles of interest, nine of which were RCTs. In a random‐effects meta‐analysis, the pooled effect size for diabetes‐distress was 0.48 (Cohen's d), Z = 3.91, P < 0.0001. Statistical heterogeneity was I² = 46.67% (confidence intervals 45.06% to 48.28%). Diabetes‐tailored psychological interventions reduced HbA1c (Cohen's d = 0.57), whereas mindfulness‐based interventions did not (Cohen's d = 0.11).ConclusionsThis systematic review shows that specifically diabetes‐tailored psychological interventions are effective in reducing elevated diabetes‐distress and HbA1c. More rigorous studies are warranted to establish the full potential of these interventions.PROSPERO database registration ID: CRD42017075290.
Permanent neonatal diabetes: combining sulfonylureas with insulin may be an effective treatment
Authors: Misra S. , Vedovato N. , Cliff E. , De Franco E. , Hattersley A. T. , Ashcroft F. M. , Oliver N. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPermanent neonatal diabetes caused by mutations in the KCNJ11 gene may be managed with high‐dose sulfonylureas. Complete transfer to sulfonylureas is not successful in all cases and can result in insulin monotherapy. In such cases, the outcomes of combining sulfonylureas with insulin have not been fully explored. We present the case of a woman with diabetes due to a KCNJ11 mutation, in whom combination therapy led to clinically meaningful improvements.CaseA 22‐year‐old woman was found to have a KCNJ11 mutation (G334V) following diagnosis with diabetes at 3 weeks. She was treated with insulin‐pump therapy, had hypoglycaemia unawareness and suboptimal glycaemic control. We assessed the in vitro response of the mutant channel to tolbutamide in Xenopus oocytes and undertook sulfonylurea dose‐titration with C‐peptide assessment and continuous glucose monitoring. In vitro studies predicted the G334V mutation would be sensitive to sulfonylurea therapy [91 ± 2% block (n = 6) with 0.5 mM tolbutamide]. C‐peptide increased following a glibenclamide test dose (from 5 to 410 pmol/l). Glibenclamide dose‐titration was undertaken: a lower glibenclamide dose did not reduce blood glucose levels sustainably, but at 1.2 mg/kg/day insulin delivery was reduced to 0.1 units/h. However, when insulin was stopped, hyperglycaemia ensued. Glibenclamide was further increased (2 mg/kg/day), but once‐daily long‐acting insulin was still required to maintain glycaemia. This resulted in improved HbA1c of 52 mmol/mol (6.9%), restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness and reduced glycaemic variability.ConclusionIn people with KCNJ11 mutations causing permanent neonatal diabetes, and where complete transfer is not possible, consideration should be given to dual insulin and sulfonylurea therapy.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 7
Authors: Jung Hoe‐Yune , Kim Bobae , Ryu Hye Guk , Ji Yosep , Park Soyoung , Choi Seung Hee , Lee Dohyun , Lee In‐Kyu , Kim Munki , Lee You Jeong , Song Woojin , Lee Young Hee , Choi Hyung Jin , Hyun Chang‐Kee , Holzapfel Wilhelm H , Kim Kyong‐Tai 
Published: June 2018

The cover image, by Hoe‐Yune Jung, et al., is based on the Original Article Amodiaquine improves insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in diabetic model mice, DOI: 10.1111/dom.13284.
image
Intracellular β2 integrin (CD11/CD18) interacting partners in neutrophil trafficking
Authors: Thome Sarah , Begandt Daniela , Pick Robert , Salvermoser Melanie , Walzog Barbara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation critically depends on the spatial and temporal regulation of β2 integrins (CD11/CD18). This regulation occurs by inside‐out and outside‐in signalling via interaction of cytoplasmic proteins with the intracellular domains of the integrin α‐ and β‐subunits. The underlying molecular mechanisms regulating β2 integrins in neutrophils are still incompletely understood.AimThis review provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on proteins interacting with the cytoplasmic tail of CD18, the conserved β‐subunit of β2 integrins, their regulation and their functional importance for neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation.ResultsA total of 22 proteins including Talin, Kindlin 3 and Coronin 1A have been reported to interact with the CD18 cytoplasmic tail. Here, proteins binding to the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 in experiments using purified, recombinant proteins or peptides in, for example, pull‐down assays, are defined as direct interactors. Proteins that have been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 using whole cell lysates in, for example, pull‐down experiments are claimed as interacting proteins without evidence for direct interaction. In summary, β2 integrin activation and signalling depend on a specific subset of proteins interacting with CD18 and their precise regulation. If disturbed, profound defects of neutrophil recruitment and activation become evident compromising the innate immune response.ConclusionsThe knowledge of proteins interacting with β2 integrins and their regulation during neutrophil trafficking does not only improve our basic understanding of innate immunity but may pave the way to novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
What is a “Maison des Adolescents”? A history of integrated youth health care services in France
Authors: Benoit Laelia , Cottin Patrick , Moro Marie R. 
Published: June 2018

AimSince 1999, the development of more than 100 “Maisons des Adolescents” (MDAs) has enabled young persons to gain access to specific care in integrated youth‐friendly facilities in France. To contribute to the development and standardization of international youth‐friendly health care services, this review provides insight into the French MDA facilities.MethodsThis socio‐historical analysis includes a systematic review of articles referring to the MDAs (selection through title and/or abstract), ministry reports and newspaper articles, from 1999 to 2018.ResultsIf the various medical programmes of MDAs depend on the priorities of local teams rather as well as on official regulations, all MDAs offer the following essential services: a “Health and Prevention Space” open daily; multidisciplinary consultations; a mobile team visiting youth hospitalized in medical units; a mobile team able to meet adolescents at their homes; an open centre for art workshops; refresher and remedial courses for school work; network meetings and parent support groups. The MDAs from the start addressed an age group (young people aged 11‐21 years) rather than an illness. They thus provide primary prevention for adolescents according to the World Health Organization definition of health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well‐being.” This medical and political movement was shaped by the epistemological background of its first leaders.ConclusionAlthough more cohort studies to evaluate their early interventions would be useful, the success of the MDA network is already widely acknowledged by users, professionals and policy makers.
Clinical results according to age in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving imatinib frontline: The younger, the later, the worse?
Authors: Latagliata Roberto , Breccia Massimo , Carmosino Ida , Cesini Laura , De Benedittis Daniela , Mohamed Sara , Vozella Federico , Molica Matteo , Campanelli Melissa , De Luca Maria Lucia , Colafigli Gioia , Quattrocchi Luisa , Loglisci Maria Giovanna , Massaro Fulvio , Canichella Martina , Diverio Daniela , Mancini Marco , Alimena Giuliana , Foà Robin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate differences in clinical results according to age among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Methods207 consecutive CML patients treated with imatinib frontline were revised, dividing them in young adults (>20 < 45 years) (YA), middle‐aged adults (≥45 < 65 years) (MA) and elderly (≥65 years) (EL).ResultsCumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMolR) were significantly higher in MA compared with YA and EL (P < .001 for CCyR and P = .001 for MMolR). Number of total events was lower in MA (8 [11.1%] vs 21 [34.4%] in YA and 28 [37.8%] in EL, P = .001): no difference was observed for blastic evolution (P = .478). Number of deaths was higher in the EL (12 [16.2%] vs 2 [3.2%] in YA and 0 in MA, P < .001): however, 11/12 deaths in EL were not related to CML. The PFS curve in MA was significantly longer than in YA and in EL (P = .02). The OS curve in EL was significantly shorter than in YA and in MA (P < .001).ConclusionsAge at diagnosis influences significantly the course of CML patients treated with imatinib: a possible explanation of the counterintuitive worse course in YA is the delayed diagnosis compared to elderly.
Effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine on functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive networks
Authors: Xiao Fenglai , Caciagli Lorenzo , Wandschneider Britta , Sander Josemir W. , Sidhu Meneka , Winston Gavin , Burdett Jane , Trimmel Karin , Hill Andrea , Vollmar Christian , Vos Sjoerd B. , Ourselin Sebastien , Thompson Pamela J. , Zhou Dong , Duncan John S. , Koepp Matthias J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the effects of sodium channel–blocking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language network activations in patients with focal epilepsy.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we identified patients who were treated at the time of language fMRI scanning with either carbamazepine (CBZ; n = 42) or lamotrigine (LTG; n = 42), but not another sodium channel–blocking AED. We propensity‐matched 42 patients taking levetiracetam (LEV) as “patient‐controls” and included further 42 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. After controlling for age, age at onset of epilepsy, gender, and antiepileptic comedications, we compared verbal fluency fMRI activations between groups and out‐of‐scanner psychometric measures of verbal fluency.ResultsPatients on CBZ performed less well on a verbal fluency tests than those taking LTG or LEV. Compared to either LEV‐treated patients or controls, patients taking CBZ showed decreased activations in left inferior frontal gyrus and patients on LTG showed abnormal deactivations in frontal and parietal default mode areas. All patient groups showed fewer activations in the putamen bilaterally compared to controls. In a post hoc analysis, out‐of‐scanner fluency scores correlated positively with left putamen activation.SignificanceOur study provides evidence of AED effects on the functional neuroanatomy of language, which might explain subtle language deficits in patients taking otherwise well‐tolerated sodium channel–blocking agents. Patients on CBZ showed dysfunctional frontal activation and more pronounced impairment of performance than patients taking LTG, which was associated only with failure to deactivate task‐negative networks. As previously shown for working memory, LEV treatment did not affect functional language networks.
Factors associated with discontinuing or not starting oral anticoagulant therapy in older hospitalized patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Díez‐Manglano Jesús , Mostaza José‐María , Pose Antonio , Formiga Francesc , Cepeda José‐María , Gullón Alejandra , Camafort Miguel , Castiella Jesús , Rovira Eduardo , Jarauta Estíbaliz , Suárez Carmen 
Published: June 2018

AimTo determine the factors associated with discontinuing or not starting oral anticoagulation (OA) therapy in older patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).MethodsA prospective, multicenter cohort study was carried out of patients aged >75 years with NVAF hospitalized in internal medicine departments in Spain. For each patient, we recorded creatinine, hemoglobin and platelets levels, as well as CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. We measured the ability to carry out basic activities of daily life with the Barthel Index, and the cognitive state with the Short Portable Mental Status questionnaire.ResultsWe included 723 patients with NVAF, with a mean age of 84.8 years (SD 5.2 years); 390 (53.9%) of the patients were women. Before admission, 375 (51.9%) patients were treated with OA. Previously diagnosed NVAF (OR 4.099, 95% CI 1.824–9.211, P = 0.001), the number of errors in the Short Portable Mental Status questionnaire (OR 1.180, 95% CI 1.020–1.365, P = 0.026), peripheral arterial disease (OR 0.285, 95% CI 0.114–0.711, P = 0.007) and hemoglobin levels (OR 0.812, 95% CI 0.682–0.966, P = 0.019) were independently associated with not starting OA therapy at discharge. Of the 375 patients treated with OA at admission, 87 (23.2%) had their OA discontinued at discharge. The HAS‐BLED score (OR 1.516, 95% CI 1.211–1.897, P < 0.001) and previous acute myocardial infarction (OR 0.327, 95% CI 0.121–0.883, P = 0.027) were associated with the discontinuation of OA.ConclusionsThere are factors associated with discontinuing or not starting OA in older patients with NVAF, which often have no clinical justification. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1219–1224.
Insights From a Multi‐Method Recharge Estimation Comparison Study
Authors: Walker David , Parkin Geoff , Schmitter Petra , Gowing John , Tilahun Seifu A. , Haile Alemseged T. , Yimam Abdu Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough most recharge estimation studies apply multiple methods to identify the possible range in recharge values, many do not distinguish clearly enough between inherent uncertainty of the methods and other factors affecting the results. We investigated the additional value that can be gained from multi‐method recharge studies through insights into hydrogeological understanding, in addition to characterizing uncertainty. Nine separate groundwater recharge estimation methods, with a total of 17 variations, were applied at a shallow aquifer in northwest Ethiopia in the context of the potential for shallow groundwater resource development. These gave a wide range of recharge values from 45 to 814 mm/a. Critical assessment indicated that the results depended on what the recharge represents (actual, potential, minimum recharge or change in aquifer storage), and spatial and temporal scales, as well as uncertainties from application of each method. Important insights into the hydrogeological system were gained from this detailed analysis, which also confirmed that the range of values for actual recharge was reduced to around 280‐430 mm/a. This study demonstrates that even when assumptions behind methods are violated, as they often are to some degree especially when data are limited, valuable insights into the hydrogeological system can be gained from application of multiple methods.
Body odour aldehyde reduction by acetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
Authors: Yoshioka N. , Kurata K. , Takahashi T. , Ariizumi M. , Mori T. , Fujisawa H. , Kameyama N. , Okuyama Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe major causes of unpleasant human body odour are aldehydes produced by axillary‐resident bacteria. There are many methods of body odour prevention; however, they all carry risks of destroying indigenous dermal bacteria that are necessary for the maintenance of the normal physical function of the skin. Furthermore, some methods cannot directly reduce the concentrations of substances that cause body odour. Therefore, a novel method of reducing body odour more safely and effectively is required. We focused on acetic acid bacterial enzymes, which can convert aldehydes into carboxylic acids, and investigated their effect on aldehydes and body odour.MethodsSubjects with strong body odour were recruited using screening questionnaires. Acetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes was applied to subjects’ skin, and their effects were evaluated by trained panellists and by quantitative aldehyde analysis using thermal detector gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsAcetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes decreased the ratio of dilution to threshold and the concentration of body odour‐producing aldehydes dropped by up to 98.7%.ConclusionThese results indicate that simply applying acetic acid bacterial enzymes on the skin can reduce the concentration of aldehydes that cause unpleasant body odour by directly converting them into carboxylic acids. Therefore, acetic acid bacterial enzymes can potentially be developed into new products that do not destroy indigenous bacteria and yet can effectively reduce unpleasant body odour.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in neck of femur fracture patients: a single tertiary centre experience
Authors: Liu Jessamine , Gupta Rohit , Hay Karen , Pulle Chrys , Rahman Tony , Pandy Shaun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the incidence of perioperative acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in our hip fracture patients; to evaluate the characteristics, management and clinical outcomes of these patients; and to explore risk factors and protective factors. Of the 1691 consecutive patients admitted for surgical management of hip fractures, 11 (0.65%) had UGIB and a further four patients for each case were selected as controls for evaluation of risk factors and protective factors. Pre‐existing peptic ulcer disease was identified as a risk factor for acute UGIB (odds ratio 7.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–54.9). This study reported a very low incidence of UGIB in hip fracture patients. Despite being a high‐risk population, timely endoscopic evaluation can be safely undertaken to optimise patient outcome. When risk factors such as history of peptic ulcer disease are present, additional precaution including gastro‐protective agent and nutritional support should be undertaken.
Physicians’ perception of their medical college
Authors: Wilson John , Talbot Anthony 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe relevance of medical colleges has been questioned and their ability to respond to members’ needs and system failures is unknown. We hypothesise that members believe that medical colleges are relevant to the current health agenda. We conducted a survey by email to determine satisfaction with the current state of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) relevance and tested agreement with suggestions for change. We found that of 21 000 survey links sent, 13.1% of addressees replied. When questioned regarding the current state, less than 50% of respondents agreed with any of eight positive statements. Over two thirds supported involvement in policy and advocacy, as well as the use of digital plebiscites to express their views. Clarity around the use of members’ subscriptions and value for money had the lowest scores. Of importance was the expression of need for a medical college (71%) and the finding that 58% of respondents would give more time to the RACP if asked. Of all respondents, 22% provided written comments that closely reflected scores on categorical questions. We conclude that, despite reported disengagement and lack of support for the current state, the majority of respondents to a survey of relevance believed in the need for a medical college.