bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Photocatalytic Hydrocarbon Oxidation by Uranyl Complexes
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Purkis Jamie M. , Rutkauskaite Ryte , Kovacs Daniel , Love Jason B. , Austin Jonathan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractControlled, photocatalytic C−H bond activations are key reactions in the toolkits of the modern synthetic chemist. While it is known that the uranyl(VI) ion, [UVIO2]2+, the environmentally dominant form of uranium, is photoactive, most literature examines its luminescent properties, neglecting its potential synthetic utility for photocatalytic C−H bond cleavage. Here, we synthesise and fully characterise an air‐stable and hydrocarbon‐soluble uranyl phenanthroline complex, [UVIO2(NO3)2(Ph2phen)], UPh2phen, and demonstrate that it can catalytically abstract hydrogen atoms from a variety of organic substrates under visible light irradiation. We show that the commercially available parent complex, uranyl nitrate ([UVIO2(NO3)2(OH2)2]⋅4H2O; UNO3), is also competent, but from electronic spectroscopy we attribute the higher rates and selectivity of UPh2phen to ligand‐mediated electronic effects. Ketones are selectively formed over other oxygenated products (alcohols, etc.), and the catalytic oxidation of substrates containing a benzylic C−H position is particularly improved for UPh2phen. We also show uranyl‐mediated photocatalytic C−C bond cleavage in a model lignin compound for the first time.
Selective Ring‐Opening of Di‐Substituted Epoxides Catalysed by Halohydrin Dehalogenases
Authors: Calderini Elia , Wessel Julia , Süss Philipp , Schrepfer Patrick , Wardenga Rainer , Schallmey Anett 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHalohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are valuable biocatalysts for the synthesis of β‐substituted alcohols based on their epoxide ring‐opening activity with a number of small anionic nucleophiles. In an attempt to further broaden the scope of substrates accepted by these enzymes, a panel of 22 HHDHs was investigated in the conversion of aliphatic and aromatic vicinally di‐substituted trans‐epoxides using azide as nucleophile. The majority of these HHDHs was able to convert aliphatic methyl‐substituted epoxide substrates to the corresponding azidoalcohols, in some cases even with absolute regioselectivity. HheG from Ilumatobacter coccineus exhibited also high activity towards sterically more demanding di‐substituted epoxides. This further expands the range of β‐substituted alcohols that are accessible by HHDH catalysis.
An Efficient, Scalable and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 4,5‐substituted Pyrrole‐3‐Carbonitriles by Intramolecular Annulation on Pd/C and HZSM‐5
Authors: Chen Jianchao , Li Chengtao , Zhou Yanan , Sun Changshan , Sun Tiemin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient and eco‐friendly protocol for the synthesis of diverse 4,5‐substituted 1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitriles has been developed using commercially available HZSM‐5 and Pd/C as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts with more excellent yields (up to 98 %) than traditional liquids acids, and successfully applied in the practical synthesis of vonoprazan. The conspicuous features of this protocol are higher product yield, easy work‐up, eco‐friendly and reusability of catalysts.
Boron‐Doped Diamond as an All‐In‐One System for the Mineralization and Detection of Lead in Waters
Authors: Pujol Luca , Evrard David , Gros Pierre , Freyssinier Mathilde , Ruffien‐Cizsak Audrey , Groenen Serrano Karine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBoron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were used in a single‐compartment electrochemical cell to monitor the degradation of organic matter (OM) and the detection of lead in water. Using sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, the mineralization step was almost complete after 20 min under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions, irrespective of the OM [i. e. phenol or humic acid (HA)]. Nevertheless, H2SO4 was not suitable for samples containing Pb(II), as it induces PbSO4 precipitation. On the other hand, the use of HNO3 resulted in a decrease in the HA degradation yield to 30 %, but remained at 90 % for phenol without any interference with respect to lead detection. Under these latter experimental conditions, the assay of Pb(II) was performed by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The BDD electrode exhibited a linear response in the range 1–10 ppm with a normalized sensitivity of 2.66 nC ppm−1 min−1. Accurate results were obtained in solutions containing 20 ppm phenol, as compared to reference technique analysis.
Template‐Induced Self‐Activation Route for Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xi‐Wen , Gao Jian‐Fei , Hu Bing , Li Kai , Kong Ling‐Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHierarchical porous textures of carbon‐based electrode materials are advantageous for applications in supercapacitors, owing to their reasonable pore size distribution and large surface area. In this work, a facile yet effective one‐step carbonization method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) derived from interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of phenol‐formaldehyde resin (PF) and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) is proposed. Phenol‐formaldehyde prepolymer can be introduced into the inter network space of PAAS to form IPNs in which only hydrogen‐bonding interactions exist between them. During the carbonization process of IPNs, the PF networks tend to form a carbon matrix, which generates large amounts of micropores. While the PAAS evaporates into gaseous products, serving as a template for micro‐, meso‐, and macropores. Due to such synergistic effects, a carbon material with a large surface area of 1764 m2 g−1 and a large pore volume of 1.111 cm3 g−1 is constructed with an interconnected hierarchical porous carbon network structure. With such unique carbon structure characteristics, the electrode material of HPC delivers a high specific capacitance of 201 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cyclability of approximately 100 % of capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. The ideal capacitive behavior from IPNs provides new insights for the production of carbonaceous materials for high‐performance supercapacitors applications.
Fluorogenic Diversification of Unprotected Bromotryptophan by Aqueous Mizoroki–Heck Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Gruß Hendrik , Belu Clara , Bernhard Laura M. , Merschel Arne , Sewald Norbert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluorescent styryl‐tryptophans have been synthesized by a Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling from unprotected bromotryptophan in aqueous medium showing promising spectrophotometric properties for possible application in fluorescence labelling of biomolecules. Moreover, this strategy permits a modular combination of biocatalytic halogenation by using immobilized FAD‐dependent tryptophan halogenases and Pd‐mediated chemocatalysis in a multistep one‐pot process.
Synthesis of Organosilyl‐Functionalized Cage‐Type Germanoxanes Containing Fluoride Ions
Authors: Sato Naoto , Hayashi Taiki , Tochigi Kazuma , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEight corners of a double‐four ring cage‐type germanoxane, containing a fluoride ion, were successfully silylated by the combination of chlorosilanes and silazanes. Three different silyl groups, trimethylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, and dimethylvinylsilyl, were attached on the corners of germanoxane cage. The solubility and reactivity of the cage modified with dimethylvinylsilyl groups were significantly increased, allowing for further reaction. Hydrosilylation reaction between dimethylvinylsilylated cage geramanoxanes and dimethylsilylated cage siloxanes afforded porous solids. Functionalization of the corners of germanoxanes with silyl groups should provide valuable building blocks in various functional materials.
Immobilization of Perylene‐3,4,9,10‐Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride on Hollow Polysulfone Fibers: Primary Amine Coupling and Fluorescence Reporting
Authors: Favaretto Laura , Manoli Francesco , Zambianchi Massimo , Bocchi Letizia , Ventura Barbara , Manet Ilse , Melucci Manuela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fluorescent dye perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PBA) was immobilized onto polysulfone hollow fibers by means of a wet coating procedure. After immobilization, PBA was able to react with primary amines through a double anhydride ring opening reaction. The in situ amine coupling was further revealed by fluorescence analysis. Both emission (534 nm →538 nm) and fluorescence lifetime changes (2.7 ns →3.3 ns) of the dye are a useful tool to detect and visualize the occurrence of the reaction. The successful implementation of amine coupling with a reporting function on polysulfone fibers holds great interest for biomedical applications.
Peritoneal dialysis as therapeutic option in heart failure patients
Authors: Grossekettler Leonie , Schmack Bastian , Meyer Katrin , Brockmann Carsten , Wanninger Reinhard , Kreusser Michael M. , Frankenstein Lutz , Kihm Lars P. , Zeier Martin , Katus Hugo A. , Remppis Andrew , Schwenger Vedat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsEach episode of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) incrementally adds to mortality. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers an alternative therapeutic option in refractory HF and reduces the incidence of decompensation episodes. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of PD, in terms of functional status, surrogate endpoints, rate of hospitalizations, and mortality.Methods and resultsThis study is based on the registry of the German Society of Nephrology, involving 159 patients receiving PD treatment due to refractory HF between January 2010 and December 2014. Body weight was reduced by PD (82.2 ± 14.9 to 78.4 ± 14.8 kg, P < 0.001), and significant improvements in New York Heart Association functional class (3.38 ± 0.55 to 2.85 ± 0.49, P < 0.001) were found already after 3 months. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change (31.5 ± 13.8 to 34.0 ± 15.7%, P = 0.175). C‐reactive protein improved with PD treatment (33.7 ± 52.6 to 17.1 ± 26.3 mg/L, P = 0.004). Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio decreased significantly (148.7 ± 68.3 to 106.7 ± 44.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Hospitalization rates decreased significantly (total number 2.86 ± 1.88 to 1.90 ± 1.78, P = 0.001, and 39.2 ± 30.7 to 27.1 ± 25.2 days, P = 0.004). One year mortality was 39.6% in end‐stage HF patients treated with PD.ConclusionsPeritoneal dialysis offers an additional therapeutic option in end‐stage HF and is associated with improved New York Heart Association classification and reduced hospitalization. Although PD treatment was associated with various benefits, further studies are necessary to identify which patients benefit the most from PD.
Highly sensitive and selective separation of intact parathyroid hormone and variants by sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Nyssen Laurent , Fillet Marianne , Cavalier Etienne , Servais Anne‐Catherine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) is a common clinical marker whose quantification relies on immunoassays, giving variable results as batch, brand, or target epitope changes. Sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS, combining CE resolution power and low‐flow ESI sensitivity, was applied to the analysis of PTH in its native conformation in the presence of related forms. Fused silica and neutral‐coated capillaries were investigated, as well as preconcentration methods such as transient isotachophoresis, field‐amplified sample injection (FASI), and electrokinetic supercharging (EKS). The method for the separation of PTH and its variants was first developed using fused‐silica capillary with UV detection. An acidic BGE was used to separate 1–84 PTH (full length), 7–84 PTH, and 1–34 PTH. Acetonitrile was added to the BGE to reduce peptide adsorption onto the capillary wall and transient isotachophoresis was used as analyte preconcentration method. The method was then transferred to a sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS instrument. When using a fused silica capillary, CE‐MS was limited to μg/mL levels. The use of a neutral coating combined with FASI or EKS allowed a significant increase in sensitivity. Under these conditions, 1–84 PTH, 7–84 PTH, and 1–34 PTH were detected at concentrations in the low ng/mL (FASI) or pg/mL (EKS) range.
Recent advances in direct current electrokinetic manipulation of particles for microfluidic applications
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic devices have been extensively used to achieve precise transport and placement of a variety of particles for numerous applications. A range of force fields have thus far been demonstrated to control the motion of particles in microchannels. Among them, electric field‐driven particle manipulation may be the most popular and versatile technique because of its general applicability and adaptability as well as the ease of operation and integration into lab‐on‐a‐chip systems. This article is aimed to review the recent advances in direct current (DC) (and as well DC‐biased alternating current) electrokinetic manipulation of particles for microfluidic applications. The electric voltages are applied through electrodes that are positioned into the distant channel‐end reservoirs for a concurrent transport of the suspending fluid and manipulation of the suspended particles. The focus of this review is upon the cross‐stream nonlinear electrokinetic motions of particles in the linear electroosmotic flow of fluids, which enable the diverse control of particle transport in microchannels via the wall‐induced electrical lift and/or the insulating structure‐induced dielectrophoretic force.
The influence of lipid content and pretreatment methods on protein conformation in fish (capelin, Mallotus villosus) during smoking and drying
Authors: Odoli Cyprian Ogombe , Oduor‐Odote Peter , Arason Sigurjon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe influence of lipid content and pretreatment methods (blanching and brining) on proteins conformation in fish (Capelin, Mallotus villosus) during drying and smoking were assessed. Soluble protein fractions were examined through changes in salt‐soluble proteins, sulfhydryl groups, and disulfide bonds contents. The salt level and moisture content were also evaluated. Conformational changes in muscle protein were significant (p < 0.05) after blanching and during initial drying when moisture content and dryness rates were high. Salt‐soluble proteins and total sulfhydryl groups contents reduced, whereas available sulfhydryl group and disulfide bonds contents intensified. The conformational changes were explained by muscle protein denaturation and aggregation ascribed to high temperature and dehydration during processing. The study reports fish protein denaturation to have reduced protein solubility as well as the nutritional value (loss of thermolabile compounds) and yield after smoking. More so, protein aggregation that was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in dried blanched fish could have reduced the dried fish sensory quality. Blanching pretreatment is thus not suitable for commercial capelin drying. Lipids were found to have protective effect against fish protein conformation.
How the insula speaks to the heart: Cardiac responses to insular stimulation in humans
Authors: Chouchou Florian , Mauguière François , Vallayer Ophélie , Catenoix Hélène , Isnard Jean , Montavont Alexandra , Jung Julien , Pichot Vincent , Rheims Sylvain , Mazzola Laure 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite numerous studies suggesting the role of insular cortex in the control of autonomic activity, the exact location of cardiac motor regions remains controversial. We provide here a functional mapping of autonomic cardiac responses to intracortical stimulations of the human insula. The cardiac effects of 100 insular electrical stimulations into 47 epileptic patients were divided into tachycardia, bradycardia, and no cardiac response according to the magnitude of RR interval (RRI) reactivity. Sympathetic (low frequency, LF, and low to high frequency powers ratio, LF/HF ratio) and parasympathetic (high frequency power, HF) reactivity were studied using RRI analysis. Bradycardia was induced by 26 stimulations (26%) and tachycardia by 21 stimulations (21%). Right and left insular stimulations induced as often a bradycardia as a tachycardia. Tachycardia was accompanied by an increase in LF/HF ratio, suggesting an increase in sympathetic tone; while bradycardia seemed accompanied by an increase of parasympathetic tone reflected by an increase in HF. There was some left/right asymmetry in insular subregions where increased or decreased heart rates were produced after stimulation. However, spatial distribution of tachycardia responses predominated in the posterior insula, whereas bradycardia sites were more anterior in the median part of the insula. These findings seemed to indicate a posterior predominance of sympathetic control in the insula, whichever the side; whereas the parasympathetic control seemed more anterior. Dysfunction of these regions should be considered when modifications of cardiac activity occur during epileptic seizures and in cardiovascular diseases.
Geriatric assessment and 1‐year mortality in older patients with cancer in the head and neck region: A cohort study
Authors: van Deudekom Floor J. , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann , Zijl Willianne H. , Schimberg Anouk S. , Langeveld Anton P. , Slingerland Marije , Blauw Gerard J. , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim is to describe the association of functional capacity and cognitive functioning with 1‐year mortality in older patients with cancer in the head and neck region.MethodsWe performed a cohort study in which all patients aged 70 years and older received a geriatric screening before treatment. Main outcome was 1‐year mortality.ResultsA total of 102 patients were included. Median age was 78.7 years (interquartile range [IQR], 72.3‐84.5), 25% were cognitive impaired, 40% were malnourished, and 28.4% used a walking device. Overall, 1‐year mortality was 42.3%. Male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35‐13.67), malnutrition (HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.19‐5.16), and using a walking device (HR, 2.80; 95% CI 1.13‐6.93) were associated with higher mortality risk, independent of stage and comorbidities.ConclusionIn older patients with head and neck cancer, the mortality rates are high. Nutritional status and mobility are determinants of 1‐year mortality, independent of tumor stage, age, and comorbidity.
The role of individuation in the development of intergroup relations
Authors: Heyman Gail D. , Yazdi Haleh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis commentary addresses the development of intergroup relations. We argue that children's reasoning about particular groups is strongly influenced by cues that shape the extent to which they conceive of group members in an undifferentiated way versus as distinct individuals. These cues include opportunities for contact with group members as well as the form and content of the information about social groups that children are exposed to. This approach to conceptualizing intergroup conflict builds upon important theoretical frameworks such as psychological essentialism, and it can be used to generate predictions about how intergroup attitudes will develop.HighlightsWe address the development of intergroup attitudes.We argue that development is influenced by cues that shape whether group members are viewed as distinct individuals.This framework points to ways to encourage intergroup understanding and reduce intergroup conflict.
Innovative approaches to enhancing maternal and newborn survival: Indonesia's experience in an era of global commitments to reducing mortality
Authors: Agarwal Koki , Lilly Katherine , Smith Jeffrey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobally, countries have made impressive strides toward achieving targets set by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce maternal mortality. The subsequent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have further challenged countries to accelerate these reductions. While Indonesia invested in several initiatives to improve care for mothers and newborns and made large gains in improving skilled care at birth, the country fell short of its MDG target. This paper outlines some of the remaining challenges and highlights the role of the US Agency for International Development‐funded Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program in eliminating the barriers to improved care. Achieving the SDGs by 2030 will require strong cross‐sectoral collaboration and innovative approaches, such as the recent launch of Indonesia's national health insurance program, which can accelerate reductions in mortality by reaching women most in need of services.
Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival in Indonesia: A program overview
Authors: Hyre Anne , Caiola Nancy , Amelia Dwirani , Gandawidjaja Trisnawaty , Markus Sudibyo , Baharuddin Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program was implemented from September 2011 to March 2017 to support the Indonesian Ministry of Health to improve the quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency referrals, and increase accountability through local government and civic engagement. EMAS worked in over 400 public and private referral hospitals and community health centers (puskesmas) in six provinces where over 50% of all maternal deaths were occurring. Mentoring was the main method used to improve performance at facilities and within referral systems. The use of data for prospective assessment of indicators of improved quality of care and referral efficiency was strengthened. Case reviews were used to examine contextual factors contributing to maternal deaths in EMAS‐target hospitals and external evaluations were used in retrospective assessments of effectiveness of approaches. The vision of sustainability was infused into EMAS approaches from the outset. Collaboration and advocacy with district health offices in EMAS‐supported districts enabled self‐funding of selected interventions within 23 of 30 EMAS districts and 35 non‐EMAS districts. Articles in this Supplement describe outcomes and impact of EMAS approaches over the term of the program.
Assessing the effect of the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival program on improving stabilization and referral for maternal and newborn complications in Indonesia
Authors: Pedrana Alisa , Qomariyah Siti Nurul , Tholandi Maya , Wijayanto Bambang , Gandawidjaja Trisnawaty , Amelia Dwirani , Apriatni Mandri , Sudirman Sudirman , Zazri Ali , Sethi Reena , Emerson Mark , Ahmed Saifuddin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program was associated with improved effectiveness of the referral system in Indonesia to facilitate timely and effective management of complications experienced by women and newborns.MethodsPoisson regression using longitudinal monitoring data was used to assess the impact of the EMAS program on stabilization practices prior to referral. Data from a nonrandomized quasi‐experimental pre‐post evaluation study were used to assess the impact of the EMAS program along the referral pathway using χ2 analysis.ResultsMonitoring data demonstrated improvements in intervention areas for stabilization of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (24% vs 61%, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–2.6) and treatment of newborns with suspected severe infection (30% vs 54%, IRR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6–2.4) prior to referral. The EMAS program was associated with significantly higher levels of communication, advanced notification, back referral, and hospital emergency readiness and staff preparedness compared with the comparison arm.ConclusionThe EMAS program contributed to improvements in the management of obstetric and newborn complications, including communication, transportation, and preparation of pregnant mothers in need of referral and hospital emergency readiness and staff preparedness.