bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupting Eurocentric epistemologies: Re‐mediating transitions to centre intersectionally‐minoritised immigrant children, families and communities
Authors: Souto‐Manning Mariana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, I examine intersectionally‐minoritised immigrant children’s transitions from community‐based pre‐kindergartens to elementary schools (kindergartens) in the most segregated school system in the US. Attending to issues of blockage and fragmentation inherent to transitions, I analyse transition supports, interpreting and critiquing them through the perspectives of Latinx immigrant teachers and mothers. Through interviews, I listen to, learn from and reposition Latinx immigrant teachers and mothers as important constructors of knowledge who hold valuable (albeit often disprivileged) perspectives for reorganising the ecology of transitions. Centering the experiences of immigrant mothers and their young children, I problematise dominant understandings and conceptualisations of transition, unveiling how these privilege dominant ways of being and behaving. In doing so, I shed light on the possibility of re‐mediating transitions in ways that centre the perspectives of Latinx immigrants.
The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the motor placebo effect
Authors: Villa‐Sánchez Bernardo , Emadi Andani Mehran , Fiorio Mirta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe neural correlates of the placebo effect in the motor domain are still unknown. The aim of this study was to tackle the role of a frontal cortical region, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). To this end, we stimulated the cortical site corresponding to the left dlPFC with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during a placebo procedure and measured any change in the motor placebo effect in all the participants and more specifically in placebo‐responders. Three different experiments were conducted in which healthy volunteers performed a force motor task with the index finger. The placebo treatment consisted of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). In Experiment 1 (expectation alone), participants were only verbally suggested about the positive effects of TENS. In Experiment 2 (expectation and conditioning), participants were verbally suggested about TENS and conditioned with a surreptitious increase in a visual feedback of force. In Experiment 3 (control procedure), participants were told that TENS was inefficient. Each participant was tested in three different days with anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS over the dlPFC. Results showed that in Experiment 1 and 2 force increased after the procedure, independently of tDCS. By focusing on placebo‐responders, we found that in Experiment 1 force remained stable after active tDCS, whereas it increased after inactive tDCS. These findings bring new evidence on the neural underpinnings of the motor placebo effect, by showing that independently of the polarity, active tDCS over the left dlPFC may undermine the expectation‐induced enhancement of force in placebo‐responders.
A wide window of migration phenology captures inter‐annual variability of favourable conditions: Results of a whole‐lake experiment with juvenile Pacific salmon
Authors: Hovel Rachel A. , Fresh Kurt L. , Schroder Steven L. , Litt Arni H. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Survival of post‐larval and juvenile organisms can depend on multiple seasonally‐fluctuating features, including thermal conditions and food availability. Alterations in the phenology of either consumers or their prey might decouple trophic relationships and reduce consumer growth and survival, and this potential for mismatches is especially pronounced in migratory organisms that change habitats. Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) migrate from natal streams to lake habitats, and we hypothesised that their in‐lake growth and survival depends on whether timing of migration matches suitable lake conditions.

We used mixed effects models to test the hypotheses that: (a) the most successful entry times correspond to favourable prey densities and lake thermal conditions; and (b) a mismatch in fish entry time and seasonal lake dynamics can reduce fish growth and survival. These models were applied to an 11‐year time series of migration timing, capture rate and size at smolting for juvenile sockeye salmon in Lake Washington, WA, USA.

Juvenile sockeye salmon entering Lake Washington later in the season encountered higher zooplankton abundance and warmer water, and experienced higher average rates of growth and survival, but the optimal date for lake entry ranged across years by up to a month. Zooplankton abundance and bloom timing affected fish growth and relative survival more than lake temperature, and survival was most influenced by zooplankton abundance in the spring when fish entered the lake. In contrast, fish size at seaward migration from the lake depended primarily on zooplankton abundance in the spring as they left the lake rather than the previous spring when they entered.

These results suggest that maintaining a wide window of lake entry dates allows this population to capture the annually‐varying period of favourable conditions, minimising mismatches between juvenile fish and their resources and thereby enabling successful recruitment in an unpredictable environment.
Adaptation of soil microbial growth to temperature: Using a tropical elevation gradient to predict future changes
Authors: Nottingham Andrew T. , Bååth Erland , Reischke Stephanie , Salinas Norma , Meir Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTerrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate are strongly modulated by the temperature response of soil microorganisms. Tropical forests, in particular, exert a major influence on global climate because they are the most productive terrestrial ecosystem. We used an elevation gradient across tropical forest in the Andes (a gradient of 20°C mean annual temperature, MAT), to test whether soil bacterial and fungal community growth responses are adapted to long‐term temperature differences. We evaluated the temperature dependency of soil bacterial and fungal growth using the leucine‐ and acetate‐incorporation methods, respectively, and determined indices for the temperature response of growth: Q10 (temperature sensitivity over a given 10oC range) and Tmin (the minimum temperature for growth). For both bacterial and fungal communities, increased MAT (decreased elevation) resulted in increases in Q10 and Tmin of growth. Across a MAT range from 6°C to 26°C, the Q10 and Tmin varied for bacterial growth (Q10–20 = 2.4 to 3.5; Tmin = −8°C to −1.5°C) and fungal growth (Q10–20 = 2.6 to 3.6; Tmin = −6°C to −1°C). Thus, bacteria and fungi did not differ significantly in their growth temperature responses with changes in MAT. Our findings indicate that across natural temperature gradients, each increase in MAT by 1°C results in increases in Tmin of microbial growth by approximately 0.3°C and Q10–20 by 0.05, consistent with long‐term temperature adaptation of soil microbial communities. A 2°C warming would increase microbial activity across a MAT gradient of 6°C to 26°C by 28% to 15%, respectively, and temperature adaptation of microbial communities would further increase activity by 1.2% to 0.3%. The impact of warming on microbial activity, and the related impact on soil carbon cycling, is thus greater in regions with lower MAT. These results can be used to predict future changes in the temperature response of microbial activity over different levels of warming and over large temperature ranges, extending to tropical regions.
Graduate students’ experiences of plagiarism by their professors
Authors: Becker Kimberly D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study expands the inquiry about an egregious form of academic misconduct. Participants consist of graduate students who reported a violation of academic integrity because a professor plagiarised their academic work. Based on data collected through interviews and documents, interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to examine participants’ experiences. A key research finding of relevance to Higher Education policy is: individuals in positions of authority failed to resolve the reports. This study calls for more education about authorship. Equally important, universities need clear reporting procedures and protections for students when they report academic violations.
Diplomatic relations between the eastern Roman empire and the “barbarian” successor states, 527–565
Authors: Sarantis Alexander 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiplomatic relations between the eastern Roman emperor, Justinian, and “barbarian” Ostrogothic, Vandal, Visigothic, and Frankish successor states in Italy, Africa, Spain, and Gaul, were framed by competing claims to Romanitas during a period often viewed as a crossroads between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Modern works examining these relations and the wars which resulted disagree as to whether the ruling elites of the successor states were politically “integrated” into Roman society or were barbarian interlopers, awkwardly trying to balance the interests of Germanic military aristocracies and native Roman senatorial and ecclesiastical elites. They thus reflect competing eastern Roman and western ideologies in the aftermath of the political disintegration of the western Roman empire in the fifth century.
Translocation efficiencies and allocation of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in rice as affected by silicon fertilizer under high daytime temperature
Authors: Liu Qihua , Ma Hui , Sun Zhaowen , Lin Xiangqing , Zhou Xuebiao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh temperature has become a bottleneck limiting rice production in many rice‐growing districts. Silicon is considered as a beneficial element for rice development, being involved in mitigating adversity stress. In order to ascertain how high temperature and silicon affect nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) translocation efficiencies and allocation in rice plants, a field experiment with split plot design was conducted in two consecutive years. Silicon fertilizer treatments, including applying silicon fertilizer and without applying silicon fertilizer, were regarded as main plots. Temperature treatments, including high daytime temperature (HDT) and normal temperature (NT), were assigned as subplots. The results indicated that, as compared to NT, HDT reduced the translocation efficiencies of N, P and K in leaves and stems plus sheaths except for the K translocation efficiency in stems plus sheaths. Moreover, HDT decreased grain yield and the allocation rates of N, P and K in panicles at maturity. Under HDT, the application of silicon fertilizer obviously enhanced the N translocation efficiency of leaves and stems plus sheaths, and the K translocation efficiency of leaves. The application of silicon fertilizer increased grain yield and the allocation rates of N and K in panicles at maturity under HDT. Correlation analysis showed that rice grain yield was positively significantly correlated with N, P and K translocation efficiencies of leaves and their allocation rates in panicles at maturity. Conversely, grain yield was negatively related to the N and P allocation rates in leaves and stems plus sheaths at maturity. These results imply that HDT generated adverse effect on the translocation efficiency of nutrition in rice plants, which might be another damage induced by high temperature to the formation of rice grain yield. Additionally, silicon fertilizer could play a key role in positively regulating the N and K translocation efficiencies and allocation rates in rice under HDT.
Photoemission from Bi‐doped calcium aluminate glasses similar to sunlight
Authors: Li Xingyu , Cao Jiangkun , Xu Wenbin , Luo Haoyang , Wang Yafei , Wang Xiu , Peng Mingying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLight sources as the substitution for sunlight play an important role due to their practical applications in aircraft, medicine, and agriculture. Bi3+ ions show tunable emission from ultraviolet to deep red depending on local crystal field, presenting great potential in mimicking sunlight. However, these emissions are mainly limited to crystals. To stabilize Bi3+ ions inside photonic glasses with desirable emission and excellent physical properties remains challenging. Here, we managed to stabilize Bi3+ with ultrabroad and tunable emission inside glasses at air atmosphere. This emission spans the whole visible range of 350‐780 nm and matches well with the sunlight spectra. For the first time, an external quantum efficiency of 34% was obtained from Bi‐doped photonic glasses without optimizing glass composition. We find that the local oxidation atmosphere from super‐oxide ions and proper crystal field formed by AlO4 are responsible for this unique luminescence, which is revealed by the detailed comparison on the optical and structural properties of calcium aluminate glasses and Ca12Al14O33 crystals with the same composition. Moreover, glasses with distortion structure further results in multiluminescent centers of Bi3+ so as to broaden the emission band. This work provides new insights into the luminescent behaviors of Bi ions in luminescent materials, and should contribute to designing new photonic glasses in future.
Simultaneous control of particle size and morphology of α‐CaSO4·1/2H2O with organic additives
Authors: Guan Qingjun , Sun Wei , Hu Yuehua , Yin Zhigang , Zhang Chenhu , Guan Changping , Zhu Xiangnan , Ahmed Khoso Sultan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHere we reported a method to simultaneously control the particle size and morphology of α‐CaSO4·1/2H2O (α‐HH) prepared from flue gas desulfurization gypsum by adjusting the succinic acid concentration and glycerol content under mild conditions. Succinic acid controlled the crystal morphology by adsorption onto α‐HH surfaces, and glycerol controlled the crystal particle size, in which an increase in the maximal relative supersaturation (Smax) and nucleation rate of α‐HH was hypothesized to cause the change in α‐HH particle size. Then, based on the method, α‐HH with different particle sizes but with almost the same morphology was prepared, and the influence of the crystal particle size on the mechanical strength of the α‐HH pastes was explored. With decreasing α‐HH particle size from about 26 to 5 μm, the dry compressive strength of the pastes made from the α‐HH decreased remarkably from 68.02 to 34.85 MPa, which was ascribed to an increase in the internal porosity of the pastes.
Potential regulatory network in the PSG10P/miR‐19a‐3p/IL1RAP pathway is possibly involved in preeclampsia pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Nan , Li Ruizhen , Xue Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy‐specific disorder, is a leading cause of perinatal maternal‐fetal mortality and morbidity. Impaired cell migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells and an imbalanced systemic maternal inflammatory response have been proposed as potential mechanisms of PE pathogenesis. Comparative analysis between PE placentas and normal placentas profiled differentially expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs, including miR‐19a‐3p (miRNA), PSG10P (lncRNA), and IL1RAP (mRNA). This study was conducted to investigate their potential roles in PE pathogenesis. The expression of miR‐19a‐3p, PSG10P, and IL1RAP was examined in PE and normal placentas using RT‐qPCR. An in vitro experiment was performed in human trophoblast HET8/SVneo and TEV‐1 cells cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. MiR‐19a‐3p targets were identified using Targetscan, miRanda, and PicTar analysis as well as luciferase reporter assays. The mouse model of PE was conducted using sFlt‐1 for in vivo tests. Lower levels of miR‐19a‐3p, but higher levels of PSG10P and IL1RAP were observed in PE placentas and the trophoblast cells in hypoxia. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that PSG10P and IL1RAP were both direct targets of miR‐19a‐3p. Exposure to hypoxia inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion of HET8/SVneo and TEV‐1 cells. Knocking out PSG10P and IL1RAP or overexpressing miR‐19a‐3p rescued the inhibition caused by hypoxia. In vivo experiments showed that IL1RAP promoted the expression of caspase‐3, a key apoptosis enzyme, but inhibited MMP9, which is responsible for degrading the extracellular matrix, suggesting a significant role of IL1RAP in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR‐19a‐3p, PSG10P, and IL1RAP were all found to be involved in PE pathogenesis. With a common targeting region in their sequences, a regulatory network in the PSG10P/miR‐19a‐3p/IL1RAP pathway may contribute to PE pathogenesis during pregnancy.
Soft tissue substitutes to increase gingival thickness: Histologic and volumetric analyses in dogs
Authors: Song Young Woo , Kim Sungtae , Waller Tobias , Cha Jae‐Kook , Cho Sung‐Won , Jung Ui‐Won , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the histologic and volumetric changes of gingival tissues following grafting with collagen‐based matrices at labial aspect of teeth in canines.Materials and MethodsGingival augmentation was performed in the mandibular incisor area using two types of xenogeneic cross‐linked collagen matrices (CCMs), bovine CCM for BCCM group and porcine CCM for PCCM group, whereas the contralateral sides remained untreated (B‐control group and P‐control group). Descriptive histology, histometric and volumetric analyses were performed after 12 weeks. For statistical comparison between each test group and respective control group, paired t test was used for histometric analysis, and repeated‐measured analysis of variance was used for volumetric analysis (p < 0.05).ResultsAn increased number of rete pegs and an enhanced formation of new blood vessels were observed at both grafted sites compared to the corresponding control sites. There was statistically significant gain of horizontal thickness only in BCCM group (1.36 ± 0.27 mm vs. 1.26 ± 0.34 mm; p < 0.05) compared to the B‐control groups.ConclusionBCCM was effective for gingival augmentation in terms of horizontal thickness at the labial aspect of teeth at 12 weeks post‐surgery.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management
Authors: Fedorowski A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a variant of cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by an excessive heart rate increase on standing and orthostatic intolerance. POTS affects younger individuals 15–45 years old with a distinct female predominance (≈80%). The prevalence ranges between 0.2% and 1.0% in developed countries. The onset of POTS is typically precipitated by immunological stressors such as viral infection, vaccination, trauma, pregnancy, surgery or psychosocial stress. The most common complaints are dizziness, weakness, rapid heartbeat and palpitation on standing. Moreover, patients often report physical deconditioning and reduced exercise capacity as well as headache, ‘brain fog’, dyspnoea, gastrointestinal disorders and musculoskeletal pain. The aetiology of POTS is largely unknown and three main hypotheses include an autoimmune disorder, abnormally increased sympathetic activity and catecholamine excess, and sympathetic denervation leading to central hypovolaemia and reflex tachycardia. The golden standard for POTS diagnosis is head‐up tilt test with a non‐invasive beat‐to‐beat haemodynamic monitoring. Although long‐term prognosis of POTS is poorly explored, around 50% of patients spontaneously recover within 1–3 years. After the diagnosis has been established, patient should be thoroughly educated about non‐pharmacological measures alleviating the symptoms. Exercise training may be very effective and counteract deconditioning. In more symptomatic patients, different drugs directed at controlling heart rate, increasing peripheral vasoconstriction and intravascular volume can be tested. However, the overall effects of pharmacological therapy are modest and the most affected patients remain handicapped. Future efforts should focus on better understanding of POTS pathophysiology and designing randomized controlled trials for selection of more effective therapy.
PTEN and miR‐26b: Promising prognostic biomarkers in initiation and progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Baghaei Fereshteh , Abdollahi Alireza , Mohammadpour Hadiseh , Jahanbin Mahsa , Naseri Taheri Fatemeh , Aminishakib Pouyan , Emami Razavi Amirnader , Kharazifard Mohamadjavad 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundsOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN) is a well‐known tumor suppressive gene regulated by several biomarkers including a small single‐stranded molecule, microRNA26b (miR‐26b). Here, we studied the expression of PTEN and miR‐26b in OSCC specimens in comparison with adjacent normal mucosa.MethodsThe expressions of PTEN and miR‐26b genes were evaluated at mRNA level in OSCC and adjacent normal fresh frozen tissues in 49 patients using Quantitative Real‐Time PCR and analyzed their associations with clinicopathological factors.ResultsThe expression level of PTEN was significantly lower in OSCC specimens comparing with adjacent normal tissues (P‐value = 0.000). The expression of PTEN was associated with T stage (P‐value = 0.006) and N stage (P‐value = 0.043). A nonsignificant decrease in miR‐26b expression level was also observed in OSCC tissues. Additionally, in patients with more aggressive tumoral behavior, including vascular invasion (P‐value = 0.012) and positive N stage (P‐value = 0.02), significant decreases were found.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that inactivation of PTEN may have an impact on initiation and progression of OSCC. Additionally, miR‐26b might have a tumor suppressive role in OSCC.
Combined use of arginase and dichloroacetate exhibits anti-proliferative effects in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Verma Angela , Lam Yau-Min , Leung Yun-Chung , Hu Xiaohui , Chen Xin , Cheung Edwin , Tam Kin Yip 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Drug combination in cancer therapy aims to achieve synergistic therapeutic effect, reduced drug dosage, reduced drug toxicity and minimizes or delays the induction of drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of the combination of two metabolic modulators, dichloroacetate (DCA) and bacillus caldovelox arginase (BCA) (or pegyated human arginase (HA)).

Methods
The combination treatments were evaluated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells as well as in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer xenograft model.

Key findings
Dichloroacetate and BCA combination exhibited anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells, which were found to be synergistic. Analysis of the gene expression upon drug treatments revealed that the synergistic anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells was possibly in part due to the activation of the p53 pathway. A similar synergistic anti-proliferative effect was observed in the combined use of DCA and HA on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells, which was due to induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, the combination enhanced anti-tumour activity in a MDA-MB 231 xenograft mouse model.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that dichloroacetate and arginase combination exhibited enhanced anti-cancer effects in preclinical breast cancer models which may offer an additional treatment option for breast cancer.