bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literary Justice vs. Justice in Literature
Authors: Nadel Ira 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
What is the role and representation of justice in modern literature? This is the question addressed in the essay, which examines work by David Mamet, William Faulkner, and William Styron, as well as Dostoevsky and Kafka, while considering issues of testimony, confession, and evidence. It argues that injustice, not justice, dominates the legal literary landscape and that language itself explains this emphasis plus the direct experiences of authors with the law. Additional topics include matters of suppression, publisher's rights, and law's control over the legitimizing power over narrative. Drawing from J. L. Austin, Richard Rorty, and Peter Brooks, the contested state of justice is shown to be repeatedly undermined by the challenges of genre as much as character.
Kant, Schopenhauer, Saul Bellow: Duty in The Victim
Authors: Singh Sukhbir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Saul Bellow formulated his idea of duty under the influence of Kant and Schopenhauer. He introduced it first in his second novel, The Victim (1947), and later fully developed it in his seventh novel, Mr. Sammler's Planet (1970). This article examines Leventhal's principle of duty in the light of Kant's in The Critique of Pure Reason and Schopenhauer's in The World as Will and Idea. The Victim deals with the issue of Jewish assimilation in mainstream American life in the post-Holocaust period. Bellow considers the matter in a reverse order with a view to castigate both Jews and Gentiles for their chronic misapprehensions about each other. In the novel, a Jew, Asa Leventhal, behaves like a Gentile (victimizer) and a Gentile, Kirby Allbee, like a Jew (victim). Leventhal is blood conscious and therefore he dutifully helps his blood relatives. Allbee insists that Leventhal help him as a matter of his moral duty to a human being in distress. After their repeated encounters, Leventhal sheds his blood biased view of duty and becomes conscious of the Kantian/ Schopenhaurean “dispassionate” principle of duty under the “objective moral law.”
Is a Dramatic Bakhtiyār-nāme Possible? Sketch of a Social Systems Theoretical Adaptation Methodology
Authors: Farshi Golnaz Sarkar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe abundant literature on adaptation theories and methods stop short of offering an abstract model which suits adaptation across all different literary modes and genres. Instead, they mostly cover the adaptation of one communication system to another, for example, literature to film. To close this gap, I rely on Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory and his communication model as well as notions of medium and form. Coupling his theory with the literary theories of Northrop Frye and Mikhail Bakhtin, I not only revive these theories in a new context, but also propose a method for literary adaptation that serves adapting across different modes and genres within the subsystem of literature. To render this theory and its applicability more vividly, I introduce how I applied it to a thirteenth-century Persian-language romance, namely Bakhtiyār-nāme, to adapt it to drama. In doing so, I demonstrate how my suggested methodology serves to determine the mode and genre of the original work as well as those of the adapted work by spotting certain adaptation potentials within the original. These include silenced voices and contradictions that make way for a deconstructive re-reading of it in the form of an adapted work of literature.
Subject Comprehension and Critical Thinking: An Intervention for Subject Comprehension and Critical Thinking in Mixed-Academic-Ability University Students
Authors: Bellaera Lauren , Debney Lauren , Baker Sara T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Subject comprehension and critical thinking are both key goals of higher education. However, while the former is, on the whole, successfully cultivated in undergraduate students, the latter is not. Few empirical studies have investigated the relationship between subject comprehension and critical thinking. In the present article we suggest that supporting the development of subject comprehension is not at odds with developing critical thinking. In fact, we argue that subject comprehension plays a key role in developing critical-thinking skills. Using an experimental design, we demonstrate differing effects of an intervention on subject comprehension, subject-specific critical thinking, and general critical thinking as a function of students' academic background. We discuss the implications of our results for teaching in higher education.
Post-sapiens: Notes on the Politics of Future Human Terminology
Authors: Gray Chris Hables 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe proliferation of terms used to talk about the near human future has not been matched by a growing precision in their use. This has led to a human identity crisis. The origins and politics of some key terms (human, Homo sapiens sapiens, posthuman, transhuman, robot, drone, and cyborg) and how these factors impact their usefulness are discussed and critiqued. Evolutionary biology is the starting place for a clear criterion for choosing our terminology. Biological categories not only are based on scientific principles, but also highlight the importance, and political power, of evolutionary thinking. Science fiction offers some examples of how we might name the evolutionary descendants of today’s humans as well. Finally, a new term, post-sapiens, is proposed and its value in understanding the transition from natural and artificial selection to participatory selection driving the evolution of humans is highlighted. The key issue is agency. Will we govern our own evolution, or is it something that will be done to us?
Utopian Bodies and Anti-fashion Futures: The Dress Theories and Practices of English Interwar Nudists
Authors: Pollen Annebella 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Nudism has been largely overlooked as a means for exploring utopian ideas about bodies and dress, yet the first decade of organized nudism in England demonstrates idealistic beliefs in the powers of disrobing. Those who reject clothes think deeply about dress, and nudist practitioners in the 1920s and 1930s produced distinctive and sometimes sophisticated theories of fashion and its discontents. At this time “social nudism” was a new and minority pursuit that was garnering significant public interest, not least among intellectuals who promoted the practice as a solution to postwar cultural crisis. In the clamor for public respectability, however, visionaries were offset by moderates; disputes thus provide insight into the meanings and uses of dress and undress. As a forward-looking theory and a lived experience, English interwar nudism was simultaneously a product of its particular place and time and a fashioning of a future that has yet to arrive.
Imagining a Future of Sonic Fashion
Authors: Stasiulyte Vidmina 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Although sound, touch, and smell are elements of clothing, the visual sense is predominant in fashion and fashion education, and fashion is essentially understood as a system of visual components. As an alternative to this dominant focus on visuality, fashion could be explored as a sound based interaction between body and dress.This artistic statement invites readers to rethink fashion as a visual culture and opens up a nonvisual perspective on fashion design aesthetics in regards to a sonic identity. The Soundtopia—a scenario of five possibilities for future sonic fashion and behavior—is presented as a new direction for alternative forms of design thinking through sound.
Effects of Weather Conditions on Motorway Lane Flow Distributions
Authors: Rijavec Robert , Šemrov Darja 
Published: March 2018

Several factors affect the lane choices made by motorway drivers. According to the driving rules, the nearside lane is the one that is primarily used. The main reasons for lane changes are overtaking, congestion, or restrictions on other lanes. The empirical research presented in this paper presents comprehensive traffic characteristics observed in different traffic lanes on four-lane motorways in Slovenia. The research was focused on the influence of adverse weather conditions on the lane flow distribution, and on the speed of vehicles in different lanes. The lane flow and speed distributions both directly affect road capacity and safety; therefore, estimating these characteristics could improve the reliability of active traffic control when traffic flow perturbation is detected. Field test results show that lane flow distributions and lane speed distributions at a particular site vary depending on weather conditions, namely, dry, wet (rain), low-visibility, and snow conditions.
The Effects of Computer Assisted Mediating Prompts on EFL Learners' Writing Ability
Authors: Mousazadeh Zahra , Hassaskhah Jaleh , Zafarghandi Amir Mahdavi 
Published: March 2018

This study aims to examine the EFL learners' perception and process of writing development through using a digital storytelling tool, called Storyjumper. To do so, 15 intermediate-level students were participants of the study. The participants’ writing development was frequently assessed through a series of repeated writing tests before and after the treatment during one term of study, and the significance of change was examined by Repeated measure ANOVA (rANOVA). The researcher also used paired sample t-test to compare mean difference between two sets of observations. In addition, to gain an in-depth picture of fluctuations of the process of writing development, learners' views were obtained through both semi-structured interviews and self-reported reflective journals which were also recorded and analyzed. The qualitative independent variable (stories produced via Storyjumper) was the within-subjects factor, and the dependent quantitative variable on which each participant was measured (repeated writing tests) was the between-subjects factor. The findings of both quantitative and qualitative data analyses show that there was a significant difference between EFL learners' writing development before and after receiving the treatment. Moreover, majority of the learners admitted that their experiences in using Storyjumper were positive. As a result, this study is contributory in its own rights as it underscores the significance of digital storytelling as a pedagogical tool for the EFL learners' writing enhancement.
Bilateral asymmetry of skin temperature is not related to bilateral asymmetry of crank torque during an incremental cycling exercise to exhaustion
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Formenti Damiano , Ludwig Nicola , Gargano Marco , Bosio Andrea , Rampinini Ermanno , Alberti Giampietro 
Published: March 2018

Although moderate relationships (|r| ∼ 0.5) were reported between skin temperature and performance-related variables (e.g., kinetic), it remains unclear whether skin temperature asymmetry reflects muscle force imbalance in cycling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a relationship exists between kinetic and thermal asymmetry during a fatiguing exercise. Ten elite cyclists were enrolled and tested on a maximal incremental cycling test. Peak crank torques of both legs were obtained at the initial and final workload. Likewise, bilateral skin temperatures were recorded before and after exercise. Asymmetric indexes were also calculated for kinetic (AIK) and skin temperature (AIT) outcomes. The bilateral peak crank torques showed a larger difference at the final compared to the initial workload (p < 0.05) of the incremental exercise. Conversely, the bilateral skin temperature did not show any differences at both initial and final workload (p > 0.05). Additionally, trivial relationships were reported between AIKand AIT(−0.3 < r < 0.2) at the initial and final workload. The obtained results showed that changes in bilateral kinetic values did not reflect concurrent changes in bilateral skin temperatures. This finding emphasizes the difficulty of associating the asymmetry of skin temperature with those of muscle effort in elite cyclists. Lastly, our study also provided further insights on thermal skin responses during exhaustive cycling exercise in very highly-trained athletes.
Vertical Gravimeter Array Observations and Their Performance in Groundwater‐Level Monitoring
Authors: Tanaka T. , Honda R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe gravitational effects of the atmosphere and subsurface water are significant obstacles to observing gravity variations on the sub‐μGal (1 μGal = 10 nm/s2) scale. The goal of this study is to detect changes in gravity that are caused by mass redistributions deep underground related to seismological phenomena by reducing environmental gravity effects using multiple gravimeters belowground and aboveground, which we term a “vertical gravimeter array.” Based on an evaluation of the responses to atmospheric effects and rainfall events identified in observations made with individual relative gravimeters, the vertical gravimeter array succeeds in stacking the target signals from deep underground and in reducing errors due to rainfall or free groundwater and atmospheric effects. To enable accurate interpretation, we introduce a physical approach that is based on attraction and loading deformation effects for atmospheric reduction using state‐of‐the‐art gridded weather data products. Changes in the water levels of confined groundwater can be regarded as a signal from deep underground, and a response coefficient of approximately −15 μGal/m was obtained. In addition, the response coefficient of the free groundwater level was determined to be approximately 5 μGal/m. Such array observations are expected to contribute to monitoring crustal activity and hydrological studies.
Introducing a New Inventory of Large Martian Landslides
Authors: Crosta G. B. , Frattini P. , Valbuzzi E. , De Blasio F. V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLandslides have been observed in different terrestrial environments and also on planets, satellites, and asteroids. Long runout landslides are strongly dependent on the initial mass position, material and slope path properties, topographic relief, and presence of volatiles. Therefore, landslides represent a means for the description of rock properties and environment of deposition prevailing at the time of occurrence and may assist in understanding the geological and climatological history of the planetary surfaces. Concerning Mars, previous studies have concentrated on Valles Marineris, where among the largest and longest landslides have been observed. Using different imagery, we present and analyze an original database of 3,118 Martian landslides of deposit area greater than 0.1 km2 throughout the planet between 60°N and 60°S, resulting in a data set far richer than previously done. After a distinction is made between different typologies of landslides, their position and the statistical distribution of their geometrical properties are examined. Large landslides cluster along the Noctis Labyrinthus‐Valles Marineris‐Margaritifer Terra system. Rock avalanches within craters are widespread, but no significant large landslides have been found at latitudes higher than 40°S and 46°N. The magnitude‐frequency distribution follows a power law with scaling exponent ranging between 1.02 and 1.57, for the entire data set and varies according to the geomorphological settings, the landslide typology, and mobility. A volume‐area power law relationship (exponent: 1.12–1.24) is proposed, based on the reconstruction of 222 landslide geometries, and compared to those for similar terrestrial landslides (1.39). Similarities with respect to terrestrial landslide, distribution with respect to impact craters and impact energy, and cryosphere extent are also discussed.
Ionospheric Peak Electron Density and Performance Evaluation of IRI‐CCIR Near Magnetic Equator in Africa During Two Extreme Solar Activities
Authors: Adebesin B. O. , Rabiu A. B. , Obrou O. K. , Adeniyi J. O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) was investigated over Korhogo (Geomagnetic: 1.26°S, 67.38°E), a station near the magnetic equator in the African sector. Data for 1996 and 2000 were, respectively, categorized into low solar quiet and disturbed and high solar quiet and disturbed. NmF2 prenoon peak was higher than the postnoon peak during high solar activity irrespective of magnetic activity condition, while the postnoon peak was higher for low solar activity. Higher NmF2 peak amplitude characterizes disturbed magnetic activity than quiet magnetic condition for any solar activity. The maximum peaks appeared in equinox. June solstice noontime bite out lagged other seasons by 1–2 h. For any condition of solar and magnetic activities, the daytime NmF2 percentage variability (%VR) measured by the relative standard deviation maximizes/minimizes in June solstice/equinox. Daytime variability increases with increasing magnetic activity. The highest peak in the morning time NmF2 variability occurs in equinox, while the highest evening/nighttime variability appeared in June solstice for all solar/magnetic conditions. The nighttime annual variability amplitude is higher during disturbed than quiet condition regardless of solar activity period. At daytime, variability is similar for all conditions of solar activities. NmF2 at Korhogo is well represented on the International Reference Ionosphere‐International Radio Consultative Committee (IRI‐CCIR) option. The model/observation relationship performed best between local midnight and postmidnight period (00–08 LT). The noontime trough characteristics is not prominent in the IRI pattern during high solar activity but evident during low solar conditions when compared with Korhogo observations. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients revealed better model performance during disturbed activities.
Space‐Based Sentinels for Measurement of Infrared Cooling in the Thermosphere for Space Weather Nowcasting and Forecasting
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Knipp Delores J. , Hunt Linda A. , Gaebler John , Matsuo Tomoko , Kilcommons Liam M. , Young Cindy L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInfrared radiative cooling by nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) modulates the thermosphere's density and thermal response to geomagnetic storms. Satellite tracking and collision avoidance planning require accurate density forecasts during these events. Over the past several years, failed density forecasts have been tied to the onset of rapid and significant cooling due to production of NO and its associated radiative cooling via emission of infrared radiation at 5.3 μm. These results have been diagnosed, after the fact, through analyses of measurements of infrared cooling made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument now in orbit over 16 years on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. Radiative cooling rates for NO and CO2 have been further shown to be directly correlated with composition and exospheric temperature changes during geomagnetic storms. These results strongly suggest that a network of smallsats observing the infrared radiative cooling of the thermosphere could serve as space weather sentinels. These sentinels would observe and provide radiative cooling rate data in real time to generate nowcasts of density and aerodynamic drag on space vehicles. Currently, radiative cooling is not directly considered in operational space weather forecast models. In addition, recent research has shown that different geomagnetic storm types generate substantially different infrared radiative response, and hence, substantially different thermospheric density response. The ability to identify these storms, and to measure and predict the Earth's response to them, should enable substantial improvement in thermospheric density forecasts.
Evaluation of the intra‐ and interfractional tumor motion and variability by fiducial‐based real‐time tracking in liver stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Liang Zhiwen , Liu Hongyuan , Xue Jun , Hu Bin , Zhu Bin , Li Qin , Zhang Sheng , Wu Gang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTumor motion amplitude varies during treatment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interfraction tumor motion and variability in patients with liver cancer treated with fiducial‐based real‐time tracking stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsFourteen liver patients were treated with SBRT using a CyberKnife. Two to four fiducial markers implanted near the tumor were used for real‐time monitoring using the Synchrony system. The tumor motion information during treatment was extracted from the log files recorded by the Synchrony system. Logfile‐based amplitudes in the superior–posterior (SI), left–right (LR) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions were compared to the 4DCT‐based amplitudes. The intra‐ and interfraction amplitude variations and the incidence of baseline shifts were analyzed for 66 fractions administered to 14 patients.ResultsThe median (range) logfile‐based liver motion amplitudes for all patients were 11.9 (5.1–17.3) mm, 1.3 (0.4–4) mm and 3.8 (0.9–7.7) mm in the SI, LR and AP directions, respectively. Compared with the logfile‐based amplitude, the 4DCT‐based amplitude was underestimated (P < 0.05). The median (range) intra‐ and interfraction liver motion amplitude variations were 4.3 (1.6–6.0) mm (SI), 0.5 (0.2–2.2) mm(LR) and 1.5 (0.3–3.3) mm (AP) and 1.7 (0.5–4.6) mm (SI), 0.3 (0.1–3.0) mm (LR) and 0.7 (0.3–2.7) mm (AP), respectively. Baseline shifts exceeding 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm were observed in 27.3%, 7.6% and 3% of the measurements, respectively, within 10 min, and in 66.7%, 38.1% and 19%, respectively, within 30 min for the square root of the sum of the squares of the distances in the SI, LR and AP directions (3D). The tumor motion amplitude was found to be correlated with the baseline shift.ConclusionsMost patients showed significant intra‐ and interfraction liver motion amplitude variations over the entire course of radiation. More caution is needed for patients with large tumor motion amplitudes.
3D‐Printed Silicone Materials with Hydrogen Getter Capability
Authors: Ortiz‐Acosta Denisse , Moore Tanya , Safarik Douglas J. , Hubbard Kevin M. , Janicke Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganic getters are used to reduce the amount of reactive hydrogen in applications such as nuclear plants and transuranic waste. The present study examines the performance of getter loaded silicone elastomers in reducing reactive hydrogen gas from the gas phase and their capability of being 3D printed using direct ink writing techniques. The samples are placed in closed vessels and exposed to hydrogen atmosphere at pressures of 580 torr and 750 mtorr and at a temperature of 25 °C. The hydrogen consumption is measured as a function of time and normalized to getter concentration in the polymer. The performance of the getter‐loaded silicone elastomer containing 1,4‐bis[phenylethynyl]benzene (DEB) as the organic getter and Pd/C catalyst (ratio of 3:1 DEB to catalyst) decreases with increasing the resin's curing temperature. Chemical analysis suggests that DEB reacts with the silicone resin at high temperatures. In addition, it is demonstrated that the increased surface area of 3D printed composites results in improved getter performance.