bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital meals are existential asylums to hospitalized people with a neurological disease: A phenomenological–hermeneutical explorative study of the meaningfulness of mealtimes
Authors: Beck Malene , Birkelund Regner , Poulsen Ingrid , Martinsen Bente 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimHospital meals are challenging for neurological patients. Patients struggle with both physical eating disabilities and social issues during mealtimes. The aim of this study was to examine the meaningfulness of the phenomenon of hospital meals for hospitalized patients with a neurological disease.DesignInterviews (N = 23) with neurological patients were analysed and interpreted to gain in‐depth comprehensive knowledge of the phenomenon of hospital mealtimes.MethodData were analysed and interpreted in a three‐phased process using a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach inspired by Paul Ricouer.ResultsFour themes were identified: (a) A lonely ride together with others; (b) Letting the chaotic setting fade into the background; (c) Mechanical activity with great personal significance; and (d) Humanizing the setting when eating in the hospital. Mealtimes were supporting existential moments to patients. Offering a calm mealtime setting was experienced by the patients as an asylum where uplifting and comforting feelings were raised.
Concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation expands subjective time
Authors: Singh Amrendra , Srinivasan Narayanan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the effect of mindfulness meditation on subjective experience of time. Task difficulty influenced subjective experience of time with larger subjective expansion of time among meditators with a more difficult task. It is not clear whether the effect would generalize to concentrative meditation training. Hence, in the present study, using a temporal bisection task, we investigated the effect of task difficulty (with two discrimination ratios of short and long durations) on subjective experience of time in long‐term concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditators and non‐meditators. The results provide evidence for subjective expansion of time among long‐term concentrative meditators, which is in line with the previous findings with mindfulness meditators. Similar to the earlier study with mindfulness meditators, we also found expansion of time for concentrative meditators only in the difficult task condition where attentional demands are high and less attentional resources are available for processing time. The findings suggest that subjective expansion of time is most likely a general effect of attentional enhancement irrespective of the type of meditation practice.
Remaining connected in the face of cyberbullying: Why social connectedness is important for mental health
Authors: McLoughlin Larisa T. , Spears Barbara A. , Taddeo Carmel M. , Hermens Daniel F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is well documented that cyberbullying can lead to adverse mental health outcomes. Separate research shows that higher levels of social connectedness may result in more positive mental health outcomes, however, the relationship between social connectedness and mental health in the face of cyberbullying is not yet fully understood. An online survey of 229 adolescents (aged 12–17 years) was conducted, and we examined experiences of cyberbullying, levels of social connectedness, depression, anxiety, and stress. Structural equation modeling suggested that social connectedness may act as a protective buffer against the negative mental health outcomes associated with cybervictimization. This paper highlights the fact that social connectedness plays an important role for young people, the more frequently they are victimized. The implications of these findings are far reaching and suggest that understanding the role of social connectedness may be crucial to interventions that seek to mitigate the effects of cyberbullying.
Exploring the utility of social network analysis for visualizing interactions during argumentation discussions
Authors: González‐Howard María 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSupporting student engagement in science practices requires rethinking how classroom learning occurs, specifically in terms of the interactions that help students build their own knowledge. The types of student‐driven exchanges fundamental to the science practice of argumentation differ greatly from traditional classroom interactions. To help classroom talk shift toward encompassing this practice, it is important to develop understandings of discourse patterns related to argumentation. Several analytic techniques have been used to examine a classroom's engagement in argumentation. However, new methodologies are needed for capturing and characterizing the complex, social dimensions of this science practice. This study explores social network analysis (SNA) as a means by which to attend to this demand. Specifically, this study utilizes SNA on data from two middle school classrooms that participated in an argumentation discussion called a science seminar. Sociograms (images of social relations derived from the SNA) offered visualizations of interactions during the science seminars, highlighting who exactly partook in the various aspects of argumentation, how, and to what degree. Findings suggest the importance of argumentation research examining ways to better support changes in classroom interactions. This study also points to the benefits of using SNA with other types of representations to capture a classroom's argumentation.
Concise Review: Regulation of Self-Renewal in Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Krüppel-Like Factor 4
Authors: Park Chun S. , Lewis Andrew , Chen Taylor , Lacorazza Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Pluripotent and tissue-specific stem cells, such as blood-forming stem cells, are maintained through a balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. Self-renewal is a specialized cell division that generates daughter cells with the same features as the parental stem cell. Although many factors are involved in the regulation of self-renewal, perhaps the most well-known factors are members of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, especially KLF4, because of the landmark discovery that this protein is required to reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Because KLF4 regulates gene expression through transcriptional activation or repression via either DNA binding or protein-to-protein interactions, the outcome of KLF4-mediated regulation largely depends on the cellular context, cell cycle regulation, chromatin structure, and the presence of oncogenic drivers. This study first summarizes the current understanding of the regulation of self-renewal by KLF proteins in embryonic stem cells through a KLF circuitry and then delves into the potential function of KLF4 in normal hematopoietic stem cells and its emerging role in leukemia-initiating cells from pediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via repression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 pathway. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:568–574
Ensuring sustainable development by curbing consumerism: An eco‐spiritual perspective
Authors: Jain Prerna , Jain Pragati 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe contemporary economic growth models have directed the economies on an unsustainable trajectory where the present generation seems disenchanted with the heap of waste, debt, and insufficiency inherited from their forefathers. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the cause of consumerism and recommend an eco‐spiritual policy perspective for ensuring sustainable development. The paper analyzes that the United Nations recently announced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot lead the economies towards sustainable development. Ensuring sustainable development will require curbing consumerism consciously through exploring the unexplored spiritual dimension, which can inspire humanity to lead a life of simplicity, moderation, and minimum desires for sustainable and all‐inclusive development. It has been stressed that aspiration of breakthrough result requires moving away from the external to the inward synthesis of the spiritual aspects, which believes in co‐existence, acknowledging care, and concern for both human beings and the nature. The paper argues for an eco‐spiritual perspective for furthering the goal of sustainability.
Bubble‐Enabled Underwater Motion of a Light‐Driven Motor
Authors: Luan Tian , Meng Fanchen , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Wu Jianbo , Song Chengyi , Deng Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work reports the photothermally driven horizontal motion of a motor as well as the suspending and vertical movements underwater. A motor is designed by attaching two polydimethylsiloxane‐coated oxidized copper foams (POCF) to the two opposite sides of an oxidized copper foam (OCF). When the hydrophobic POCF is immersed in water, it serves as both an air bubble trapper and a light‐to‐heat conversion center. As bubbles grow under photothermal heating, they provide lifting force and result in the revolving motion of the motor. With removal of light illumination, bubbles are cooled by the surrounding water and shrink, and the buoyance is lowered. The resultant force of gravitational force, buoyance, and fluid resistance drives the motor to move forward horizontally. Furthermore, the motors are utilized as oil collectors and oil/water separation is achieved successfully. To effectively control the suspending motion, a polydimethylsiloxane foam doped with carbon black (C‐foam) is designed under the photothermal principle. It is maintained at a certain position underwater by controlling the on/off of light. The vertical motion is also studied and utilized to generate electricity. It is expected that different types of underwater motion will open up new opportunities for various applications including drug delivery, collection of heavy oil underwater, and electricity generation.
Play(ful) Pedagogical Practices for Creative Collaborative Literacy
Authors: Portier Christine , Friedrich Nicola , Peterson Shelley Stagg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the goal of supporting students’ writing and content area learning using play as a pedagogical model, teachers’ action research projects involved kindergarten and grade 1 students collaborating to create texts for a range of purposes. The authors analyzed the project activities for their starting points or motivators, student and teacher roles, and artifacts. The activities took the form of small initiatives, a range of themes connecting curricular areas, and imaginative scenarios. Within each, teachers took on various roles to support student interactions and scaffold literacy learning, and students responded through collaboration, creative expression, and writing. Each activity addressed curricular objectives related to literacy while presenting students with opportunities to engage in collaborative, play(ful) learning with peers and the teacher and express their learning through creative means. These projects show that there does not have to be a disconnect between the achievement of curricular objectives and the implementation of play(ful) learning activities.
Computational approaches for circular RNA analysis
Authors: Jakobi Tobias , Dieterich Christoph 
Published: February 2019

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recent addition to the expanding universe of RNA species and originate through back‐splicing events from linear primary transcripts. CircRNAs show specific expression profiles with regards to cell type and developmental stage. Importantly, only few circRNAs have been functionally characterized to date. The detection of circRNAs from RNA sequencing data is a complex computational workflow that, depending on tissue and condition typically yields candidate sets of hundreds or thousands of circRNA candidates. Here, we provide an overview on different computational analysis tools and pipelines that became available throughout the last years. We outline technical and experimental requirements that are common to all approaches and point out potential pitfalls during the computational analysis. Although computational prediction of circRNAs has become quite mature in recent years, we provide a set of valuable validation strategies, in silico as well as in vitro‐based approaches. In addition to circRNA detection via back‐splicing junction, we present available analysis pipelines for delineating the primary sequence and for predicting possible functions of circRNAs. Finally, we outline the most important web resources for circRNA research.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in vitro and In Silico
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Sexual Concurrency and Contraceptive Use Among Young Adult Women
Authors: Weitzman Abigail , Barber Jennifer , Kusunoki Yasamin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLeveraging 2.5 years of weekly data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study, we investigate the relationship between young women’s sexual concurrency and their contraceptive behavior. Specifically, we (1) examine whether young women changed their contraceptive use when switching from one to multiple concurrent sexual partners in the same week; (2) explore the uniformity of contraceptive responses to concurrency across relationship context; and (3) compare the contraceptive behaviors of never-concurrent women with those of ever-concurrent women in weeks when they were not concurrent. Nearly one in five sexually active young women had sex with two or more people in the same week. When they were concurrent, these women’s odds of using any contraception increased threefold, and their odds of using condoms increased fourfold. This pattern of contraceptive adjustments was the same across relationship characteristics, such as duration and exclusivity. Yet when they were not concurrent, ever-concurrent women were less likely to use any contraception and used condoms less consistently than women who were never concurrent. We discuss these findings in the context of ongoing debates about the role of sexual concurrency in STI transmission dynamics.
Do you Prefer Scotch or German Whisky? CJEU Judgment in theScotch WhiskyandGlen BuchenbachDispute
Authors: MANTROV Vadim 
Published: February 2019

Case C-44/17, Scotch Whisky Association v Michael Klotz, 7 June 2018 (Fifth Chamber)The CJEU issued a preliminary ruling in a dispute between the protected indication of geographical origin Scotch Whisky and the disputed sign Glen Buchenbach over the right to use the designation Glen. The CJEU provided further clarification of the four protection norms for safeguarding protected indications of geographical origin. Commencing with interpreting the phrase “any direct or indirect commercial use”, the CJEU established that the term “use” refers to the visual appearance of a protected indication covering its use in either an identical or similar form in the disputed sign. The terms “direct” and “indirect” refer to the way in which appearance takes place: the former term covers affixing a disputed sign directly on the product (ie labelling); the latter term comprises other forms of use such as advertising or accompanying documents. Further, the CJEU held that “evocation” means evaluating whether an average European consumer thinks directly of a protected indication of geographical origin when confronted with an infringing sign. Finally, the CJEU averred that assessing whether a disputed sign is used either as an evocation or as a “false and misleading indication” does not depend on the context in which the sign is used.Article 16 of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89, OJ L - 8, of 13.2.2008, pp 16–54 [Spirits Regulation].
Diagnostic stewardship of C. difficile testing: a quasi-experimental antimicrobial stewardship study
Authors: Christensen Alyssa B. , Barr Viktorija O. , Martin David W. , Anderson Morgan M. , Gibson Amanda K. , Hoff Brian M. , Sutton Sarah H. , Widmaier Valerie , Salim Asra A. , Silkaitis Christina , Qi Chao , Zembower Teresa R. , Postelnick Michael J. , Rhodes Nathaniel J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjective:We evaluated whether a diagnostic stewardship initiative consisting of ASP preauthorization paired with education could reduce false-positive hospital-onset (HO) Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).Design:Single center, quasi-experimental study.Setting:Tertiary academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois.Patients:Adult inpatients were included in the intervention if they were admitted between October 1, 2016, and April 30, 2018, and were eligible for C. difficile preauthorization review. Patients admitted to the stem cell transplant (SCT) unit were not included in the intervention and were therefore considered a contemporaneous noninterventional control group.Intervention:The intervention consisted of requiring prescriber attestation that diarrhea has met CDI clinical criteria, ASP preauthorization, and verbal clinician feedback. Data were compared 33 months before and 19 months after implementation. Facility-wide HO-CDI incidence rates (IR) per 10,000 patient days (PD) and standardized infection ratios (SIR) were extracted from hospital infection prevention reports.Results:During the entire 52 month period, the mean facility-wide HO-CDI-IR was 7.8 per 10,000 PD and the SIR was 0.9 overall. The mean ± SD HO-CDI-IR (8.5 ± 2.0 vs 6.5 ± 2.3; P < .001) and SIR (0.97 ± 0.23 vs 0.78 ± 0.26; P = .015) decreased from baseline during the intervention. Segmented regression models identified significant decreases in HO-CDI-IR (Pstep = .06; Ptrend = .008) and SIR (Pstep = .1; Ptrend = .017) trends concurrent with decreases in oral vancomycin (Pstep < .001; Ptrend < .001). HO-CDI-IR within a noninterventional control unit did not change (Pstep = .125; Ptrend = .115).Conclusions:A multidisciplinary, multifaceted intervention leveraging clinician education and feedback reduced the HO-CDI-IR and the SIR in select populations. Institutions may consider interventions like ours to reduce false-positive C. difficile NAAT tests.
Surgical site infections and the microbiome: An updated perspective
Authors: Wenzel Richard P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjective:To address 3 questions: What are the origins of bacteria causing surgical site infections (SSIs)? Is there evidence that the offending bacteria are present at the incision site when surgery begins? What are the estimates of the proportion of SSIs that can be prevented with perioperative control of the microbiome?Design:Review of the literature, examining recognized sources of bacteria causing surgical site infections.Methods:Specifically, I examined the impact of improved control of the microbiome of the skin and nares on reducing SSIs. The initial effort was to examine the reduction of SSIs linked solely to preoperative skin preparation regimens and to either topical nasal antibiotics or pre- and postoperative nasal antiseptic regimens. To corroborate the concept of the importance of the microbiome, a review of studies showing the relationship of SSIs and marker organisms (eg, Propionobacterium acnes) present at the incision sites was performed. The relationships of SSIs to the microbiome of the skin and nares were summarized.Results:Depending on key assumptions, ∼70%–95% of all SSIs arise from the microbiome of the patients’ skin or nares. Data from the studies of marker organisms suggest that the infecting bacteria are present at the incision site at the time of surgery.Conclusions:Almost all SSIs arise from the patient’s microbiome. The occurrence of SSIs can be viewed as a perioperative failure to control the microbiome.
Precision Grasp Planning for Multi-Finger Hand to Grasp Unknown Objects
Authors: Yan Wenyu , Deng Zhen , Chen Jinbao , Nie Hong , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDetermining an appropriate grasp configuration for multi-finger grasping is difficult due to the complexity of robotic hands. The multi-finger grasp planning should consider not only geometry constraints of objects but also kinematics and dynamics of robotic hand. In this paper, a precision grasp-planning framework is presented for multi-finger hand to grasp unknown objects. First, the manipulation capabilities of the robotic hand are analyzed. The analysis results are further used as bases for the precision grasp planning. Second, the superquadric (SQ) fitting method is used for approximating unknown object models. Finally, a local–global optimization method is implemented to find appropriate grasp configurations for dexterous hand. The presented planning framework is validated in simulation experiments. Simulation results demonstrated that the presented grasp-planning framework enables the multi-finger hand to grasp unknown objects effectively.
Timely, consistent, transparent assessment of market access evidence: implementing tools based on the HTA Core Model® in a pharmaceutical company
Authors: Ducournau Pierre , Irl Cornelia , Tatt Iain , McCarvil Mary , Gyldmark Marlene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesEvidence requirements and assessment methods access differ between health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. The HTA Core Model® provides a standardized approach to HTA, targeting evidence sharing and collaboration between participating HTA bodies. It is fit for purpose from an industry perspective and was used by pharmaceutical company Roche to develop a framework for internal assessment of evidence required for market access and coverage/reimbursement (“access evidence”).MethodsTools were developed to systematically scope, assess, plan, and summarize access evidence generation. The tools were based mainly on the first four HTA Core Model® domains and rolled-out in selected development teams in 2017. Five months after full implementation, the impact of tools was assessed in an internal survey.ResultsSystematic access evidence generation started with the Access Evidence Questionnaire, to scope evidence requirements and identify evidence gaps. Findings were summarized in the Access Evidence Metric, which assessed the alignment of available/planned evidence against HTA bodies’ requirements and developed scope mitigation strategies. The Access Evidence Plan was then used to plan and document (additional) evidence generation. Once generated, evidence was summarized in the Access Evidence Dossier. A survey of twenty-seven Roche employees involved in evidence generation showed that the tools made discussions around access strategies and evidence more efficient and transparent.ConclusionsThe HTA Core Model® provided a useful framework around which to optimize internal evidence generation and assessment. The benefits of using a standardized HTA approach in industry mirror those expected from implementing the HTA Core Model® in HTA agencies.
Definability in the local structure of the ω-Turing degrees
Authors: Ganchev Hristo , Sariev Andrey C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article continues the study of the definability in the local substructure $\mathcal{G}_{T,\omega}$ of the ω-Turing degrees, initiated in (Sariev and Ganchev 2014). We show that the class I of the intermediate degrees is definable in $\mathcal{G}_{T,\omega}$.