bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on compact objects from the Dark Energy Survey 5-yr supernova sample
Authors: Shah P , Davis T M , Vincenzi M , Armstrong P , Brout D , Camilleri R , Galbany L , García-Bellido J , Gill M S S , Lahav O , Lee J , Lidman C , Möller A , Sako M , Sánchez B O , Sullivan M , Whiteway L , Wiseman P , Allam S , Aguena M , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Rosell A Carnero , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Desai S , Dodelson S , Doel P , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Frieman J , Gaztanaga E , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Herner K , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Lee S , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Miquel R , Myles J , Palmese A , Pieres A , Malagón A A Plazas , Roodman A , Samuroff S , Sanchez E , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , To C , Vikram V , Weaverdyck N 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) allows information to be obtained about the distribution of matter on small scales. In this paper, we derive limits on the fraction $\alpha$ of the total matter density in compact objects (which comprise stars, stellar remnants, small stellar groupings, and primordial black holes) of mass M &gt; 0.03 ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ over cosmological distances. Using 1532 SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 sample (DES-SN5YR) combined with a Bayesian prior for the absolute magnitude M, we obtain α &lt; 0.12 at the 95 per cent confidence level after marginalization over cosmological parameters, lensing due to large-scale structure, and intrinsic non-Gaussianity. Similar results are obtained using priors from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and galaxy weak lensing, indicating our results do not depend on the background cosmology. We argue our constraints are likely to be conservative (in the sense of the values we quote being higher than the truth), but discuss scenarios in which they could be weakened by systematics of the order of $\Delta \alpha \sim 0.04$.
Observations of the galaxy cluster CL 0217 + 70 and its surrounding region at 1.4 GHz with the Sardinia Radio Telescope
Authors: Marchegiani P , Vacca V , Govoni F , Murgia M , Loi F , Feretti L 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the results of observations performed with the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) at 1.3–1.8 GHz of the galaxy cluster CL 0217 + 70 and a $3^\circ \times 3^\circ$ region around it. We combine the SRT data with archival Very Large Array (VLA) data to obtain images having the VLA angular resolution, but sensitive up to largest scales. The SRT + VLA combination allows us to derive a cluster radio halo flux density higher by $\sim 14{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ compared to the VLA-only data, although consistent within $1\sigma$. We derive a spectral index map between 140 MHz and 1.4 GHz, finding an extended region with spectral index $\alpha \sim 0.6$ on the external part of the south-eastern candidate relic, questioning the real nature of this relic. Moreover, we detect an extended emission outside the cluster in the south-eastern area, having an angular extension of $\sim 50$ arcmin on the longer side, which would correspond to $\sim 10$ Mpc at the cluster distance; the emissivity that this region would have if located at the cluster distance is in line with the one estimated in candidate filaments of the cosmic web; however, the peculiar orientation of this region, not pointed towards the cluster, and the low Galactic latitude of this cluster suggest that its origin can be due to a foreground emission originating in our Galaxy.
AstroSat timing and spectral analysis of the accretion-powered millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17591–2342
Authors: Singh Akshay , Sanna Andrea , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Chakraborty Sudip , Jangle Sarita , Katoch Tilak , Antia H M , Bijewar Nitinkumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
IGR J17591–2342, a transient accretion-powered millisecond X-ray pulsar, was discovered during its 2018 outburst. Here, we present a timing and spectral analysis of the source using AstroSat data of the same outburst. From the timing analysis, we obtain updated values of binary orbital parameters, which reveal an average pulsar spin frequency of 527.425 6984(8) Hz. The pulse profiles can be fit well with four harmonically related sinusoidal components with fractional amplitudes of fundamental and second, third, and fourth harmonics as ~13 per cent, ~6 per cent, ~0.9 per cent, and ~0.2 per cent, respectively. The energy-dependent study of pulse profiles in the range of 3–20 keV shows that the fractional amplitude of both the fundamental and first overtone is consistent with being constant across the considered energy band. Besides, a decaying trend has been observed for both the fundamental and first overtone in the phase-delay versus energy relation, resulting in soft X-ray (2.8–3.3 keV) phase lags of $\sim$0.05 and $\sim$0.13 with respect to $\le 15$ keV photons, for the fundamental and first overtone, respectively. The combined spectra from the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counters and the Soft X-ray Telescope aboard AstroSat in the 1–18 keV range can be fit well with an absorbed model consisting of a Comptonization, a blackbody and a Gaussian emission-line component yielding as best-fitting parameters a blackbody seed photon temperature $kT_{\rm bb}$$\sim 0.95 \pm 0.03$ keV, and an electron temperature $kT_{\rm e}$$\sim 1.54 \pm 0.03$ keV. The spectral aspects suggest the scattering of photons from the accretion disc or the neutron star’s surface.
Abo1 ATPase facilitates the dissociation of FACT from chromatin
Authors: Jang Juwon , Kang Yujin , Zofall Martin , Woo Sangmin , An Soyeong , Cho Carol , Grewal Shiv , Lee Ja Yil , Song Ji-Joon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The histone chaperone FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) is a heterodimeric complex consisting of Spt16 and Pob3, crucial for preserving nucleosome integrity during transcription and DNA replication. Loss of FACT leads to cryptic transcription and heterochromatin defects. FACT was shown to interact with Abo1, an AAA + family histone chaperone involved in nucleosome dynamics. Depletion of Abo1 causes FACT to stall at transcription start sites and mimics FACT mutants, indicating a functional association between Abo1 and FACT. However, the precise role of Abo1 in FACT function remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Abo1 directly interacts with FACT and facilitates the dissociation of FACT from nucleosome. Specifically, the N-terminal region of Abo1 utilizes its FACT-interacting helix to bind to the N-terminal domain of Spt16. In addition, using single-molecule fluorescence imaging, we discovered that Abo1 facilitates the ATP-dependent dissociation of FACT from nucleosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the interaction between Abo1 and FACT is essential for maintaining heterochromatin in fission yeast. In summary, our findings suggest that Abo1 regulates FACT turnover in an ATP-dependent manner, proposing a model of histone chaperone recycling driven by inter-chaperone interactions.
Heating up the roof of the world: tracing the impacts of in-situ warming on carbon cycle in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , Peng Yunfeng , Zhang Dianye , Yang Guibiao , Chen Leiyi , Kang Luyao , Zhou Wei , Wei Bin , Xie Yuhong , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Climate warming may induce substantial changes in the ecosystem carbon cycle, particularly for those climate-sensitive regions, such as alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. By synthesizing findings from in-situ warming experiments, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying the impacts of experimental warming on carbon cycle dynamics within these ecosystems. Generally, alterations in vegetation structure and prolonged growing season favor strategies for enhanced ecosystem carbon sequestration under warming conditions. Whilst warming modifies soil microbial communities and their carbon-related functions, its effects on soil carbon release fall behind the increased vegetation carbon uptake. Despite the fact that no significant accumulation of soil carbon stock has been detected upon warming, notable changes in its fractions indicate potential shifts in carbon stability. Future studies should prioritize deep soil carbon dynamics, the interactions of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles under warming scenarios, and the underlying biological mechanisms behind these responses. Furthermore, the integration of long-term warming experiments with Earth system models is essential for reducing the uncertainties of model predictions regarding future carbon-climate feedback in these climate-sensitive ecosystems.
A tactfully designed photothermal agent collaborating with ascorbic acid for boosting maxillofacial wound healing
Authors: Qian Yuxin , Gao Yiting , Wang Dong , Zhang Shixuan , Luo Qiuxia , Shan Guogang , Lu Mengmeng , Yan Dingyuan , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhang Ming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Maxillofacial injuries that may cause severe functional and aesthetic damage require effective and immediate management due to continuous exposure to diverse microbial populations. Moreover, drug resistance, biofilm formation, and oxidative stress significantly impede timely bacterial removal and immune function, making the exploration of advanced materials for maxillofacial wound healing an appealing yet highly challenging task. Herein, a near-infrared photothermal sterilization agent was designed, encapsulated with liposomes and coated with ascorbic acid known for its antioxidant and immune-regulatory functions. The resulting nanoparticles, 4TPE-C6T-TD@AA, effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species generated by lipopolysaccharides, facilitate the conversion of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and eliminate &gt;90% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disrupting bacterial physiological functions upon exposure to 808 nm laser irradiation. In vivo experiments demonstrate that 4TPE-C6T-TD@AA rapidly eliminates bacteria from infected wounds in the maxillofacial region of rats, and significantly promotes healing in S. aureus-infected wounds by enhancing collagen formation and modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. In conclusion, this study presents a promising therapeutic strategy for effectively combating bacterial infections and excessive inflammation in treating maxillofacial injuries.
Risk Factors for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Among US Veterans, 1990–2022
Authors: Oda Gina , Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Schirmer Patricia , Chung Joyce , Holodniy Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine factors that put US veterans with active tuberculosis at risk for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) compared with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods
We included veterans with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from 1990–2022 in our retrospective cohort study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association of demographic and clinical risk factors with EPTB.

Results
Of 7493 veterans aged 20–100 years (median, 58 years) with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis, 1397 (19%) had EPTB. The most common EPTB infection among veterans was pleural (31.4%), while meningitis carried the highest mortality risk at 90 days. Factors independently associated with EPTB among veterans were non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, severe kidney disease, and all-cause mortality within 90 days after tuberculosis diagnosis.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated several risk factors for EPTB among US veterans. Healthcare providers should be educated regarding patient populations at risk for EPTB, especially given the challenges in diagnosing this disease and the importance of instituting early treatment to prevent severe illness and death.
Assessment of the link between life purpose and health
Authors: Sias Richard , Turtle Harry J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study examined the temporal relations between a decline in health and changes in life purpose to better understand the causal direction between life purpose and morbidity.

Methods
Over a 16-year period, 7598 individuals completed up to four quadrennial surveys, which included information on 14 health metrics (lung function, grip strength, walking speed, balance and diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart condition, stroke, psychiatric problem, arthritis, dementia and Alzheimer’s) and life purpose. Ordinary and logistic regressions were used to examine the temporal relations between changes in purpose and changes in health over both the same 4-year period and over the subsequent 8 years.

Results
A decline in health was associated with a 5% standard deviation decline (95% confidence interval −0.08, −0.02) in purpose over the same 4-year period. In contrast, there was no evidence that a decline in purpose was associated with a subsequent decline in health.

Conclusions
The results fail to support the hypothesis that life purpose causes subsequent morbidity but support the hypothesis that a decline in health causes a decline in purpose. There is little evidence that life-purpose intervention policies will meaningfully impact subsequent morbidity.
A Survey of the Current UK Physician Associate Educator Workforce and Recommendations for Courses and Provider Organizations
Authors: Reeve Sarah , Gray James , Watkins Jeannie , Donaldson-Perrott Amy , Straughton Kate 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
In the United Kingdom there are 37 physician associate (PA) training programs with limited knowledge of the educators involved, their training, and specific needs.

Method
An online questionnaire was sent to PA educators in all UK training programs requesting information on academic title and responsibilities, clinical and nonclinical background, education and qualifications before becoming a PA educator, formal and informal training received in the role, and insights into career progression.

Discussion
The questionnaire highlighted 5 specific areas that should be specific recommendations for UK training programs to support PA educators, alongside existing guidance. These centered on academic and leadership development, clinical engagement, student support, and pedagogical research.

Conclusion
We believe that implementing these recommendations across training programs will improve the opportunities for all those delivering PA education and consequently improve the offering to the students undertaking PA studies programmes.
Endoscopic management of colonic perforations
Authors: Sharma Prabin , Stavropoulos Stavros N. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
We will review the current management of colonic perforations, with particular emphasis on iatrogenic perforations caused by colonoscopy, the leading etiology. We will focus on recently developed endoscopic techniques and technologies that obviate morbid emergency surgery (the standard management approach in years past).

Recent findings
Colonic perforations are rare but potentially fatal complications of both diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy resulting in death in approximately 5% of cases with the mortality increasing with delay in diagnosis and treatment. As novel endoscopic techniques and tools have flourished in recent years, our approach to management of these perforations has evolved. With the availability of newer tools such as over the scope clips, enhanced through the scope clips and novel endoscopic suturing devices, colonic perforations can be managed effectively in many or most patients without the morbidity of surgical interventions.

Summary
With expanding use of colonoscopy, inadvertent outcomes such as perforations are bound to increase as well. Early diagnosis permits minimally invasive, nonsurgical, endoscopic management in most cases if the expertise and tools are available. Centers with high colonoscopy volumes including therapeutic procedures would be well served to invest in the requisite technologies and expertise.
Adaptive human behavior and delays in information availability autonomously modulate epidemic waves
Authors: Mahmud Md Shahriar , Eshun Solomon , Espinoza Baltazar , Kadelka Claus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe recurrence of epidemic waves has been a hall-mark of infectious disease outbreaks. Repeated surges in infections pose significant challenges to public health systems, yet the mechanisms that drive these waves remain insufficiently understood. Most prior models attribute epidemic waves to exogenous factors, such as transmission seasonality, viral mutations, or implementation of public health interventions. We show that epidemic waves can emerge autonomously from the feedback loop between infection dynamics and human behavior. Our results are based on a behavioral framework in which individuals continuously adjust their level of risk mitigation subject to their perceived risk of infection, which depends on information availability and disease severity. We show that delayed behavioral responses alone can lead to the emergence of multiple epidemic waves. The magnitude and frequency of these waves depend on the interplay between behavioral factors (delay, severity, and sensitivity of responses) and disease factors (transmission and recovery rates). Notably, if the response is either too prompt or excessively delayed, multiple waves cannot emerge. Our results further align with previous observations that adaptive human behavior can produce non-monotonic final epidemic sizes, shaped by the trade-offs between various biological and behavioral factors–namely, risk sensitivity, response stringency, and disease generation time. Interestingly, we found that the minimal final epidemic size occurs on regimes that exhibit a few damped oscillations. Altogether, our results emphasize the importance of integrating social and operational factors into infectious disease models, in order to capture the joint evolution of adaptive behavioral responses and epidemic dynamics.Significance statementWe develop a behavioral-epidemiological framework in which individuals adjust their level of risk mitigation (e.g., social distancing, mask-wearing) based on both the available information and their perceived risk of infection. We show that the feedback loop between infectious disease dynamics and human behavior can autonomously produce multiple epidemic waves. The disease dynamics are strongly influenced by the interplay between the timing, severity and sensitivity of behavioral responses, as well as transmission and recovery rates. Moreover, our results confirm that adaptive human behavior can produce non-monotonic final epidemic sizes, which we show is due to oscillatory epidemic dynamics. Interestingly, we found that in the absence of interventions, the minimal final epidemic size occurs on regimes exhibiting a few damped oscillations.
Causal associations between niacin bluntness and schizophrenia: a GWAS and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Liya , Chen Fangyu , Li Mo , Liu Changchang , Jiang Jie , Dai Yuanyuan , Wang Jinfeng , Gao Yan , He Lin , Qin Shengying , Wan Chunling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and HypothesisNiacin skin bluntness is a promising biomarker for schizophrenia, especially in precision medicine, as it helps identify a distinct subgroup (around 1/3) of patients with schizophrenia who experience severe functional impairment. However, research has not clarified if this phenotype is just a byproduct of the onset of the disease or is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. We hypothesize that niacin bluntness reflects causal alterations in schizophrenia.Study DesignWe firstly conducted a quasi-genome-wide association analysis within schizophrenia patients to identify instrumental SNPs for niacin response. Then a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to estimate the potential causal effects between niacin response and schizophrenia.Study Results25 independent SNPs showed a trend of genome-wide significant association (p<E-05) with niacin response in schizophrenia. In the MR analysis, the F statistics of the two instrumental SNPs for niacin response is 30.77, indicating a proper strength. As heterogeneity of the SNPs was detected (p<0.05), the result of inverse variance weighted method for multiplicative random effects was adopted for evaluation of the detected causal effect (OR=1.272, p=9.46E-03). In reverse MR analysis, none of the methods supported a causal effect of schizophrenia on niacin response (all p>0.05).ConclusionsOur results revealed that the attenuated niacin response caused schizophrenia but not vice versa. Etiological studies on niacin bluntness in schizophrenia are needed and will pave the way for biomarker-guided personalized treatment in future.
Shortwave infrared imaging increases the number of lymph nodes and the number of positive lymph nodes in surgical pathology specimens – a 104-patient study
Authors: Jorns J M , Smith R S , Strenk D , Stauble G , Khelifa S , Seltzer R , Manuel J , Rosenbaum M W , Almas J , Li Z 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsAdequate lymph node examination is key to accurate cancer staging. Lymph node search in surgical resection specimens is a challenging task because it can be labor intensive and inconsistent. This study investigates the effectiveness of shortwave infrared imaging technology in increasing the overall and positive lymph node numbers.Methods104 surgical resection specimens from two hospitals were first grossed with traditional manual palpation. The residual tissues were then grossed with the assistance of shortwave infrared imaging. The numbers of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes within these two steps were documented and compared.ResultsIn 90 of the 104 cases (86.5%), shortwave infrared imaging assisted gross examination identified additional lymph nodes. In 11 of 104 cases (10.6%), shortwave infrared imaging assisted gross examination identified additional positive lymph nodes.ConclusionsShortwave infrared imaging increases the number of lymph nodes and the number of positive lymph nodes in surgical pathology specimens compared to traditional visual and manual dissection.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in working professionals of Islamabad during lockdown
Authors: Nisar Nadia , Haider Murtaza Haider , Yaqoob Aashifa , Safdar Inayah , Badar Nazish 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was reported on 26 February 2020. Along with several other regions, Islamabad was affected by COVID-19 epidemic. Smart lockdown was declared on 23 March 2020 in Islamabad. The purpose of the survey was to study the status of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding COVID-19 among the government employees, residing in Islamabad city, during COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsA week during smart lockdown, a cross sectional survey was conducted in Islamabad city between 5th to 19thMay 2020. Sociodemographic of participants were compared with one way, t-test, or Chi-square test. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.0.ResultsA total of 775 participants completed the survey. Among this final sample, average age was 24 years. Among the survey participants, 455 (59%) were men, 444 (had bachelor’s degree, 364(47%) had monthly income between Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 25,000 to 60,000, and 483 (62%) were married. The overall correct response rate of knowledge was 73.2%. The score in COVID-19 negative attitude was highest. 455 males reported handwashing. Majority (89%) had prior knowledge regarding COVID-19 clinical symptoms. The 71% showed their confidence in ability for Pakistan to control COVID-19 outbreak. 87% avoided reducing outdoor activities.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that residents of Islamabad city have adequate levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19. However, it is paramount to introduce awareness campaigns and public health education to promote the knowledge and practice of COVID-19 disease.