bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing health literacy through co-design: development of culturally appropriate materials on genetic risk and customary consanguineous marriage
Authors: Ali Parveen Azam , Salway Sarah , Such Elizabeth , Dearden Andrew , Willox Matt 
Published: April 2018

AimTo develop a simple health literacy intervention aimed at supporting informed reproductive choice among members of UK communities practising customary consanguineous marriage.BackgroundThe contribution of ‘health literacy’ to reducing health inequalities and improving primary health-care efficiency is increasingly recognised. Enhancing genetic literacy has received particular attention recently. Consanguineous marriage is customarily practised among some UK minority ethnic communities and carries some increased risk of recessive genetic disorders among offspring compared with unions among unrelated partners. The need to enhance genetic literacy on this issue has been highlighted, but no national response has ensued. Instead, a range of undocumented local responses are emerging. Important knowledge gaps remain regarding how the development and implementation of culturally appropriate, effective and sustainable responses can be achieved.MethodsOur co-design approach involved active participation by local people. Initial insight generation employed six focus group discussions and 14 individual interviews to describe current understandings and information needs. A total of 11 personas (heuristic narrative portraits of community ‘segments’) resulted; four participatory workshops provided further understanding of: preferred information channels; feasible information conveyance; and responses to existing materials. Prototype information resources were then developed and feedback gathered via two workshops. Following further refinement, final feedback from health-care professionals and community members ensured accuracy and appropriateness.FindingsThe project demonstrated the utility of co-design for addressing an issue often considered complex and sensitive. With careful planning and orchestration, active participation by diverse community members was achieved. Key learning included: the importance of establishing trusting and respectful relationships; responding to diversity within the community; and engendering a creative and enjoyable experience. The resultant materials were heavily shaped by local involvement. Evaluative work is now needed to assess impacts on knowledge and service uptake. Longer term sustainability will depend on whether innovative community-level work is accompanied by broader strategy including investment in services and professional development.
Work aggravated asthma in Great Britain: a cross-sectional postal survey
Authors: Bradshaw Lisa , Sumner Jade , Delic Julian , Henneberger Paul , Fishwick David 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveWork aggravated asthma (WAA), asthma made worse by but not caused by workplace exposures, can have a negative impact on personal, social, financial and societal costs. There is limited data on prevalence levels of WAA in Great Britain (GB). The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of WAA in GB, and to assess its potential causes.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was carried out. A total of 1620 questionnaires were sent to three populations of adults with asthma. The questionnaire recorded; demographic details, current job, self-reported health status, presence of asthma and respiratory symptoms, duration and severity of symptoms and medication requirements. Questions relating to work environment and employers’ actions were included, and each participant completed an assessment of health-related quality of life using the EuroQol Research Foundation EQ-5D.ResultsThere were 207 completed questionnaires; response rates were 6% primary care, 45% secondary care and 71% Asthma UK. This represented a 13% overall response rate. Self-reported prevalence of WAA was 33% (95% CI 24.4–41.6%). In all, 19% of workers had changed their job because of breathing problems. Workers with WAA reported higher levels of work-related stress. Quality of life using the EQ-5D utility index was lower in those with WAA.ConclusionWAA is a common problem in asthmatics in GB. This result is in keeping with international prevalence rates. Further research could assist the understanding of the most significant aggravants to asthma at work and help define appropriate interventions by workplaces.
How Robust Are the Surface Temperature Fingerprints of the Atlantic Overturning Meridional Circulation on Monthly Time Scales?
Authors: Alexander‐Turner R. , Ortega P. , Robson J. I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt has been suggested that changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) can drive sea surface temperature (SST) on monthly time scales (Duchez et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382‐015‐2918‐1). However, with only 11 years of continuous observations, the validity of this result over longer, or different, time periods is uncertain. In this study, we use a 120 yearlong control simulation from a high‐resolution climate model to test the robustness of the AMOC fingerprints. The model reproduces the observed AMOC seasonal cycle and its variability, and the observed 5‐month lagged AMOC‐SST fingerprints derived from 11 years of data. However, the AMOC‐SST fingerprints are very sensitive to the particular time period considered. In particular, both the Florida current and the upper mid‐ocean transport produce highly inconsistent fingerprints when using time periods shorter than 30 years. Therefore, several decades of RAPID observations will be necessary to determine the real impact of the AMOC on SSTs at monthly time scales.
Recently Accelerated Oxygen Consumption Rates Amplify Deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Meier H. E. Markus , Väli Germo , Naumann Michael , Eilola Kari , Frauen Claudia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany coastal seas suffer from expanding bottom‐water deoxygenation and hypoxia primarily because of excessive nutrient loads from land. The Baltic Sea in northern Europe has one of the largest anthropogenically induced oxygen‐deficient bottom zones in the world. Despite the decrease of nutrient supply after the 1980s, recently observed oxygen consumption rates are higher than ever observed, limiting the impact of natural ventilation by oxygen‐enriched saltwater intrusions. We have estimated oxygen consumption rates after saltwater inflows during subsequent stagnation periods from monitoring observations and model results for 1850–2015. In recent years, ventilating water that originates mainly from the surface layer has contained higher concentrations of organic matter, zooplankton, and higher trophic levels. As a result, oxygen consumption in the water column has increased relatively more than oxygen consumption in the sediment, primarily due to respiration of zooplankton and higher trophic levels. Subsequently, natural ventilation has become less effective in alleviating hypoxia, instead amplifying deoxygenation of the deep water. We propose that such a detrimental, positive feedback may also affect other coastal seas with nutrient excess and with an intense, internal recirculation. Other drivers of oxygen consumption, like warming, were found to be less important under contemporary conditions.
Different Global Precipitation Responses to Solar, Volcanic, and Greenhouse Gas Forcings
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhao Tianlang , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Luo Wubian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding climate change caused by different external forcings is an urgent need for crisis management and sustainable economic development. It remains unclear how differently global precipitation changes in response to global temperature variations induced by the change of individual solar, volcanic, or greenhouse gas (GHG) forcings. We address this issue by performing three last millennium simulations under each of these individual forcings with the Community Earth System Model version 1.0. The results show that all three forcings can excite strong low‐frequency variations that are longer than one decade, that is, global warming under strong solar radiation or high GHG concentration and global cooling under frequent volcanic eruptions. For a given global temperature change, the global precipitation change under volcanic forcing is larger than that under solar and GHG forcings. The reason is that the volcanic forcing induces the strongest solar irradiance change in the wet tropics. Among the three forcings we examined, the GHG forcing excites the strongest high‐latitude warming, especially the Arctic amplification of global warming. There is no Arctic amplification of temperature decrease under the volcanic forcing‐induced global cooling. The volcanic forcing weakens the Intertropical Convergence Zone and reduces precipitation. The results suggest that while volcanic eruptions can reduce precipitation, they do not mitigate the Arctic amplification of temperature increase under the GHG‐induced warming. The underlying mechanisms for these different climate responses are also discussed.
Impact of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on Rainfall Extremes in Southeastern China and its Predictability in CFSv2
Authors: Ren Pengfei , Ren Hong‐Li , Fu Joshua‐Xiouhua , Wu Jie , Du Liangmin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is one of the dominant modes of intraseasonal variability of the tropical climate system, which has prominent northward propagation extending much further from the equator. The impacts of BSISO on extreme rainfall in eastern China were studied using the BSISO indices and daily rainfall data in China. We revealed that the responses of extreme rainfall to BSISO activity in eastern China are not spatially uniform. Under the influences of BSISO1, the probability‐distribution functions of rainfall in two southeastern China subregions: South China and Yangtze River Valley significantly skew toward larger values, respectively, in phases 4 and 8, and phases 3 and 4 with the probability of 90th extremes increased by 35–45% relative to May–August rainfall probability‐distribution function, showing southward propagation with the speed of 1.96°/phase. Under the BSISO2, the probability of the 90th extremes increased more than 40% in South China and Yangtze River Valley, respectively, during phases 4–5 and phases 6–7, showing northward propagation with a speed of 2.75°/phase. Physical analysis showed that the increased probability of extreme rainfall is associated with intensifying moisture convergence and upward moisture transport during BSISO active phases. The hindcasts from the Climate Forecast System version 2 have been used to evaluate the modulations of BSISO on extreme rainfall and associated predictability. It was shown that the Climate Forecast System version well reproduces the modulations of BSISO on extreme rainfall within 2 weeks. These results demonstrate the feasibility to develop medium‐to‐extended‐range probabilistic forecasts of extreme rainfall for southeastern China.
Less Fine Particle Retention in a Restored Versus Unrestored Urban Stream: Balance Between Hyporheic Exchange, Resuspension, and Immobilization
Authors: Drummond J. D. , Larsen L. G. , González‐Pinzón R. , Packman A. I. , Harvey J. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStream restoration goals include reducing erosion and increasing hyporheic exchange to promote biogeochemical processing and improve water quality. Little is known, however, about fine particle dynamics in response to stream restoration. Fine particles (<100 μm) are exchanged with transient storage areas near and within streambeds and banks. Fine particle retention directly impacts carbon and nutrient cycling by supporting benthic and hyporheic primary production, but overaccumulation of fine particle deposits can impair metabolism by burying benthic biofilms and reducing streambed permeability. We analyzed the transport and retention of water and fine particles at both the reach and local scales in a restored urban stream, 9 years postrestoration. We injected conservative solute and fine particle tracers under summer baseflow conditions and monitored their distribution between surface water, porewaters, and storage areas (i.e., biofilms, hyporheic zones, and slow surface waters). Comparison of the results to a nearby unrestored stream demonstrate that the restored reach had 10–45 times greater exchange of fine particles with transient storage zones, but 5 times lower rate of net particle immobilization. Local‐scale results showed that restoration increased fine particle exchange with short‐term storage areas but did not increase long‐term particle retention. Thus, the restored stream rapidly exchanged fine sediments with transient storage areas, but did not store fine sediments as efficiently as the unrestored stream. The decreased retention of particulate organic matter in the restored stream may reduce biogeochemical processes, such as denitrification, by not providing sufficient organic carbon or the surface area required for microbial colonization.
Revisiting the Estimate of the North Sea Air‐Sea Flux of CO2 in 2001/2002: The Dominant Role of Different Wind Data Products
Authors: Meyer Maybritt , Pätsch Johannes , Geyer Beate , Thomas Helmuth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor the North Sea, a semienclosed shelf sea in the northeastern North Atlantic, the seasonal and annual CO2 air‐sea fluxes (ASF) had been estimated for 2001 and 2002 in earlier work. The underlying observations, ΔpCO2, salinity, and temperature had been combined with 6‐hourly wind data derived from ERA40 reanalysis. In order to assess the impact of different wind data products on the computation of CO2 ASF, we compared ERA40 wind data with coastDat data derived from the nonhydrostatic regional climate model COSMO‐CLM. From the four observational months September, November, February, and May all but the May data show higher wind speeds for coastDat than for ERA40, especially off the Norwegian, UK, and continental coasts. Largest differences occur in the northern offshore areas. The comparison with observed wind data supports this feature generally: At Helgoland, an island in the German Bight, and at the Belgium pile “Westhinder” the ERA40 data underestimate both, the coastDat data and the observations. Wind observations for two Norwegian North Sea platforms were available: At the northern station “Troll” off the Norwegian coast the coastDat data overestimate the observations in winter. At “Ekofisk” in the central North Sea the ERA40 data fit the observations well, while the coastDat data slightly overestimate the observational data in all months but in May. The corresponding CO2 ASF estimates show strongest deviations off the Norwegian coast. Using different bulk formulas for determining the net annual ASF resulted in differences due to different wind products of up to 34%.
Calibrated Seismic Imaging of Eddy‐Dominated Warm‐Water Transport Across the Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean
Authors: Gunn K. L. , White N. J. , Larter R. D. , Caulfield C. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeismic reflection images of thermohaline circulation from the Bellingshausen Sea, adjacent to the West Antarctica Peninsula, were acquired during February 2015. This survey shows that bright reflectivity occurs throughout the upper 300 m. By calibrating these seismic images with coeval hydrographic measurements, intrusion of warm water features onto the continental shelf at Marguerite and Belgica Troughs is identified and characterized. These features have distinctive lens‐shaped patterns of reflectivity with lengths of 0.75–11.00 km and thicknesses of 100–150 m, suggesting that they are small mesoscale to submesoscale eddies. Abundant eddies are observed along a transect that crosses Belgica Trough. Near Alexander Island Drift, a large, of order km3, bowl‐like feature, that may represent an anticyclonic Taylor column, is imaged on a pair of orthogonal images. A modified iterative procedure is used to convert seismic imagery into maps of temperature that enable the number and size of eddies being transported onto the shelf to be quantified. Finally, analysis of prestack shot records suggests that these eddies are advecting southward at speeds of m s−1, consistent with limited legacy hydrographic measurements. Concentration of observed eddies south of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front implies they represent both a dominant, and a long‐lived, mechanism of warm‐water transport, especially across Belgica Trough. Our observations suggest that previous estimates of eddy frequency may have been underestimated by up to 1 order of magnitude, which has significant implications for calculations of ice mass loss on the shelf of the West Antarctic Peninsula.
Seasonal Variability of Neutral Escape from Mars as Derived From MAVEN Pickup Ion Observations
Authors: Rahmati A. , Larson D. E. , Cravens T. E. , Lillis R. J. , Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Thiemann E. M. B. , Connerney J. E. P. , Dunn P. A. , Lee C. O. , Eparvier F. G. , DiBraccio G. A. , Espley J. R. , Luhmann J. G. , Mazelle C. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft arrived at Mars with the goal of determining the rates and mechanisms of atmospheric escape. Thermal hydrogen and hot oxygen escape are the two most important escape processes currently at work. Direct measurement of the escaping neutral hydrogen and oxygen atoms is impossible with current technology due to the low density and energy of escaping neutrals. However, when ionized and picked up by the solar wind, these escaping atoms can be detected by three particle detectors onboard MAVEN. By back‐tracing the trajectories of measured pickup ions, constraints can be placed on the density of neutrals at altitudes not accessible by other measurement methods. In this work, pickup H+ and O+ data from the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP), Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA), and SupraThermal and Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instruments are used to assess the variability of neutral H and O exospheres at Mars. From an analysis of 2.5 Earth years of MAVEN data, we show that a strong H escape seasonal dependence is observed by SWIA and STATIC with inferred H escape rates as low as 3 × 1025 s−1 near aphelion and as high as 4 × 1026 s−1 near perihelion. Hot O escape rates derived from SEP, SWIA, and STATIC data imply a much less variable hot O exosphere with escape rates fluctuating by a factor of 2 around a mean value of 9 × 1025 s−1. Both escape rates are in general agreement with the most recent theoretical, modeled, and observationally inferred rates.
Summary of Stakeholder Inputs on Development of a Satellite Anomaly Database From the European Space Weather Week
Authors: Green J. C. , Shprits Y. Y. , Haggarty E. , Onsager T. , Zhelavskaya I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStakeholders met at the recent European Space Weather Week to discuss the development of a satellite anomaly database. This summary reviews the presentations and suggestions given at the discussion session. Presenters reviewed ongoing international efforts to collect and distribute satellite anomaly information. Well‐defined suggestions were given for different possible frameworks. Group discussion after suggested that a way forward would be to first demonstrate the utility of an anomaly database with available public anomaly information. More discussion is needed to define the exact framework for future implementation.
TAp63 contributes to sexual dimorphism in POMC neuron functions and energy homeostasis
Authors: Wang Chunmei , He Yanlin , Xu Pingwen , Yang Yongjie , Saito Kenji , Xia Yan , Yan Xiaofeng , Hinton Jr Antentor , Yan Chunling , Ding Hongfang , Yu Likai , Shu Gang , Gupta Rajat , Wu Qi , Tong Qingchun , Lagor William R. , Flores Elsa R. , Xu Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSexual dimorphism exists in energy balance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the female mice have more pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus than males, and female POMC neurons display higher neural activities, compared to male counterparts. Strikingly, deletion of the transcription factor, TAp63, in POMC neurons confers “male-like” diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice associated with decreased POMC neural activities; but the same deletion does not affect male mice. Our results indicate that TAp63 in female POMC neurons contributes to the enhanced POMC neuron functions and resistance to obesity in females. Thus, TAp63 in POMC neurons is one key molecular driver for the sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis.
Induction of muscle stem cell quiescence by the secreted niche factor Oncostatin M
Authors: Sampath Srinath C. , Sampath Srihari C. , Ho Andrew T. V. , Corbel Stéphane Y. , Millstone Joshua D. , Lamb John , Walker John , Kinzel Bernd , Schmedt Christian , Blau Helen M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe balance between stem cell quiescence and proliferation in skeletal muscle is tightly controlled, but perturbed in a variety of disease states. Despite progress in identifying activators of stem cell proliferation, the niche factor(s) responsible for quiescence induction remain unclear. Here we report an in vivo imaging-based screen which identifies Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, as a potent inducer of muscle stem cell (MuSC, satellite cell) quiescence. OSM is produced by muscle fibers, induces reversible MuSC cell cycle exit, and maintains stem cell regenerative capacity as judged by serial transplantation. Conditional OSM receptor deletion in satellite cells leads to stem cell depletion and impaired regeneration following injury. These results identify Oncostatin M as a secreted niche factor responsible for quiescence induction, and for the first time establish a direct connection between induction of quiescence, stemness, and transplantation potential in solid organ stem cells.
Global H3.3 dynamic deposition defines its bimodal role in cell fate transition
Authors: Fang Hai-Tong , EL Farran Chadi A. , Xing Qiao Rui , Zhang Li-Feng , Li Hu , Lim Bing , Loh Yuin-Han 
Published: April 2018

AbstractH3.3 is a histone variant, which is deposited on genebodies and regulatory elements, by Hira, marking active transcription. Moreover, H3.3 is deposited on heterochromatin by Atrx/Daxx complex. The exact role of H3.3 in cell fate transition remains elusive. Here, we investigate the dynamic changes in the deposition of the histone variant H3.3 during cellular reprogramming. H3.3 maintains the identities of the parental cells during reprogramming as its removal at early time-point enhances the efficiency of the process. We find that H3.3 plays a similar role in transdifferentiation to hematopoietic progenitors and neuronal differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Contrastingly, H3.3 deposition on genes associated with the newly reprogrammed lineage is essential as its depletion at the later phase abolishes the process. Mechanistically, H3.3 deposition by Hira, and its K4 and K36 modifications are central to the role of H3.3 in cell fate conversion. Finally, H3.3 safeguards fibroblast lineage by regulating Mapk cascade and collagen synthesis.