bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer and its subtypes: An in vitro proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: O'Dea Declan , Bongiovanni Massimo , Sykiotis Gerasimos P. , Ziros Panos G. , Meade Aidan D. , Lyng Fiona M. , Malkin Alison 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveIn 2016, there were an estimated 56 870 new cases of thyroid cancer (TC) in the USA. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most safe, accurate and cost‐effective method for the initial investigation of thyroid nodules. FNAC is limited by the inability to diagnose malignancy in follicular‐patterned lesions accurately and, as a result, 20%‐30% of cases under investigation for TC are classified as cytologically indeterminate, illustrating a problem with current FNAC procedure. Raman spectroscopy has shown promising results for the detection of many cancers; however, to date there has been no report on the performance of Raman spectroscopy on thyroid cytological samples. The aim of this study was to examine whether Raman spectroscopy could be used to correctly classify cell lines representing benign thyroid cells and various subtypes of TC.MethodsA benign thyroid cell line and seven TC cell lines were prepared as ThinPrep® cytology slides and analysed with Raman spectroscopy. Principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis were implemented to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification of Raman spectra of different TC subtypes.ResultsThe spectral differences separating benign and TC cell lines were assigned to differences in the composition of nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and protein in the benign and cancer cells. Good sensitivities (74%‐85%), specificities (65%‐93%) and diagnostic accuracies (71%‐88%) were achieved for the identification of TC.ConclusionThese findings suggest that Raman spectroscopy has potential for preoperative TC diagnosis on FNAC samples.
Clinical management of the status of atypical endometrial cells using the descriptive reporting format for endometrial cytology
Authors: Nomura Hidetaka , Sugiyama Yuko , Ito Takahiko , Furuta Noriyuki , Komatsu Kyoko , Takazawa Yutaka , Aoki Yoichi , Tanigawa Terumi , Matoda Maki , Okamoto Sanshiro , Kanao Hiroyuki , Omatsu Kohei , Kato Kazuyoshi , Utsugi Kuniko , Takeshima Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and reinforce a clinical management regimen for atypical endometrial cell (ATEC) categories within the descriptive reporting format for endometrial cytology.MethodsBetween January 2013 and December 2014, 215 samples, for which histological examination was performed immediately or within 3 months after cytology, were cytologically diagnosed as ATEC. For these samples, the medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify risk factors for malignancy.ResultsAmong 152 samples diagnosed as ATEC, of undetermined significance, 19 (12.5%) were malignant. In the younger group (age <55 years), the χ2 values of body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (5.85), gravidity (5.64) and parity (5.15) were relatively high, suggesting that these were risk factors for malignancy. Of the nulligravida patients, those with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, 28% were diagnosed with malignant disease. In the older group (≥55 years), endometrial thickening (6.84), atypical genital bleeding (6.43) and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (3.79) were found to be risk factors for malignancy. Of the patients with endometrial thickening and atypical genital bleeding, 67% were diagnosed with malignant disease. Among 63 samples diagnosed as ATEC, cannot exclude atypical endometrial hyperplasia or more, 35 (55.6%) samples were positive for malignancy.ConclusionsHigh‐risk patients diagnosed with ATEC, of undetermined significance were identified. Endometrial biopsy should be considered for nulligravida patients aged <55 years with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2.
Effects ofFormica podzolicaant colonies on soil moisture, nitrogen, and plant communities near nests
Authors: Sankovitz Madison A. , Breed Michael D. , McCreery Helen F. 
Published: October 2018

1. Ants are widely regarded as ‘ecosystem engineers’ because their nest construction and contributions to nutrient cycling change the biological, chemical, and physical properties of the soil around their nests. Despite increasing attention to ant manipulation of soil ecosystems, the extent to which many common species influence soil properties, as well as nutrient uptake and community composition of plants near nests, is still unknown.2. This study tested hypotheses that activities of a common subalpine ant,Formica podzolica, alter soil moisture and pH, redistribute nitrogen around nests, and affect plant species abundance and ground cover.3. A combination of field sampling techniques showed that distance from a nest had a positive relationship with soil moisture and a negative relationship with plant abundance next to and downhill from nests. Slope aspect also affected plant communities, with downhill transects having higher plant cover and above‐ground biomass than uphill transects. A stable isotope analysis did not reveal that plants near nests had enriched15N, but there were substantial differences in15N among sites.4. Overall, this study uncovers significant impacts ofF. podzolicaon the subalpine microhabitats directly surrounding their nests.
Strong responses from weakly interacting species
Authors: Tuck Sean L. , Porter Janielle , Rees Mark , Turnbull Lindsay A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe impact of species loss from competitive communities partly depends on how populations of the surviving species respond. Predicting the response should be straightforward using models that describe population growth as a function of competitor densities; but these models require accurate estimates of interaction strengths. Here, we quantified how well we could predict responses to competitor removal in a community of annual plants, using a combination of observation and experiment. It was straightforward to fit models to multi‐species communities, which passed standard diagnostic tests and provided apparently sensible estimates of interaction strengths. However, the models consistently underpredicted the response to competitor removal, by a factor of at least 50%. We argue that this poor predictive ability is likely to be general in plant communities due to ‘the ghost of competition present’ that confines species to parts of the environment in which they compete best.
Regulatory aspects of status epilepticus
Authors: Shorvon Simon , Trinka Eugen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this article, we consider four aspects of the regulatory standing of status epilepticus and the difficulties these raise in relation to trials and licensing. These formed the basis of a discussion held at the 6th London?Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus, held on April 6, 2017.
Progressive dissociation of cortical and subcortical network development in children with new‐onset juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Dabbs Kevin , Lin Jack J. , Jones Jana E. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Hsu David A. , Meyerand Mary Elizabeth , Prabhakaran Vivek , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveStructural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently documented cortical and subcortical abnormalities in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). However, little is known about how these structural abnormalities emerge from the time of epilepsy onset and how network interactions between and within cortical and subcortical regions may diverge in youth with JME compared to typically developing children.MethodsWe examined prospective covariations of volumetric differences derived from high‐resolution structural MRI during the first 2 years of epilepsy diagnosis in a group of youth with JME (n = 21) compared to healthy controls (n = 22). We indexed developmental brain changes using graph theory by computing network metrics based on the correlation of the cortical and subcortical structural covariance near the time of epilepsy and 2 years later.ResultsOver 2 years, normally developing children showed modular cortical development and network integration between cortical and subcortical regions. In contrast, children with JME developed a highly correlated and less modular cortical network, which was atypically dissociated from subcortical structures. Furthermore, the JME group also presented higher clustering and lower modularity indices than controls, indicating weaker modules or communities. The local efficiency in JME was higher than controls across the majority of cortical nodes. Regarding network hubs, controls presented a higher number than youth with JME that were spread across the brain with ample representation from the different modules. In contrast, children with JME showed a lower number of hubs that were mainly from one module and comprised mostly subcortical structures.SignificanceYouth with JME prospectively developed a network of highly correlated cortical regions dissociated from subcortical structures during the first 2 years after epilepsy onset. The cortical‐subcortical network dissociation provides converging insights into the disparate literature of cortical and subcortical abnormalities found in previous studies.
Assessing population size and structure for Andean Condor Vultur gryphus in Bolivia using a photographic ‘capture‐recapture’ method
Authors: Méndez Diego , Marsden Stuart , Lloyd Huw 
Published: October 2018

The Andean Condor Vultur gryphus is a globally threatened and declining species. Problems of surveying Andean Condor populations using traditional survey methods are particularly acute in Bolivia, largely because only few roosts are known there. However, similar to other vulture species, Andean Condors aggregate at animal carcasses, and are individually recognizable due to unique morphological characteristics (size and shape of male crests and pattern of wing coloration). This provided us with an opportunity to use a capture‐recapture (‘sighting‐resighting’) modelling framework to estimate the size and structure of an Andean Condor population in Bolivia using photographs of individuals taken at observer‐established feeding stations. Between July and December 2014, 28 feeding stations were established in five different zones throughout the eastern Andean region of Bolivia, where perched and flying Andean Condors were photographed. Between one and 57 (mean = 20.2 ± 14.6 sd) Andean Condors were recorded visiting each feeding station and we were able to identify 456 different individuals, comprising 134 adult males, 40 sub‐adult males, 79 juvenile males, 80 adult females, 30 sub‐adult females and 93 juvenile females. Open population capture‐recapture models produced population estimates ranging from 52 ± 14 (se) individuals to 678 ± 269 individuals across the five zones, giving a total of 1388 ± 413 sd individuals, which is roughly 20% of the estimated Andean Condor global population. Future trials of this method need to consider explicitly knowledge of Andean Condor movements and home‐ranges, habitat preferences when selecting suitable sites as feeding stations, juvenile movements and other behaviours. Sighting‐resighting methods have considerable potential to increase the accuracy of surveys of Andean Condors and other bird species with unique individual morphological characteristics.
Molecular‐targeted therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma based on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics: A proposed strategy
Authors: Tsuchiya Norihiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn advanced renal cell carcinoma, a transition of drug therapies from cytokines to molecular‐targeted drugs and immune‐oncology drugs provides more clinical benefits to patients, while adequate management is required for various and sometimes serious adverse events. At present, the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and their effectiveness or adverse events has been elucidated, and therapeutic drug monitoring is being applied to some immunosuppressive, anti‐epileptic and antibacterial drugs in daily clinical practice. Most of the molecular‐targeted drugs used in patients with renal cell carcinoma are orally active, and are affected by absorption and disposition, which can be different for each individual. The monitoring of the circulating drug concentration could be beneficial to patients by providing information for the adjustment of drug dose and the maintenance of a therapeutic plasma concentration range. Genetic polymorphisms are known to be involved in pharmacokinetics, and cause individual differences in clinical efficacy and adverse events. Therefore, a more scientific strategy should be used in regard to the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with molecular‐targeted drugs by accumulating evidence on pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics.
Intercropping fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without biochar: Tests along a competition gradient
Authors: Bitarafan Z. , Jensen S. M. , Liu F. , Andreasen C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegrating soil amendment biochar to legume‐based intercropping systems may amplify the intercropping benefits and lead to more sustainable production due to its positive effects on the soil physicochemical and biological environment. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) is a legume used in an intercropping system in several countries in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. A barley cultivar and an Iranian fenugreek ecotype were studied in two replacement series experiments to find the best combination of the two species as well as the effect of adding biochar to the soil. Fenugreek and barley were grown in 4‐L pots in five density combinations (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, 0:20) with and without application of biochar in sandy loam soil. The biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) amount of the two crops were measured fifty days after sowing, and the Relative Yield Total (RYT) was estimated. Our results showed that biochar application resulted in a higher total biomass, N and C amount in all combinations of fenugreek and barley. Total biomass was increased by biochar 19.2% when fenugreek was grown alone and 8.1 and 12.9% in series with 25 and 50% barley when biochar was added, respectively. Biochar increased dry matter, N and C accumulation in both crop species in the mixtures. An exception was the C amount of barley which was not influenced by biochar in intercropping. RYT values were largest for biomass, C and N amount in mixtures with 15 fenugreek plants per pot and 5 barley plants per pot corresponding to approximately 400 fenugreek plants per m mixed with 130 barley plants per m2. Biochar application increased RYT of the total dry weight by 2.7 and 5.5% in mixtures of 25 and 50% barley plants, RYT of the total nitrogen by 0.8% in mixtures with 25% barley plants, and RYT of the total carbon by 2.7 and 6.6% in mixtures with 25 and 50% barley plants. The RYT values declined with increasing number of barley plants as a result of a less competitive ability of fenugreek when growing in high barley densities. The yield was highest with intercropping but monoculture of barley also resulted in high yields. The total highest yield was found when approximately 130 fenugreek plants per m2 were mixed with 400 barley plants per m2. Mixtures with 75% fenugreek and 25% barley obtained RYT values larger than 1 for biomass, carbon and nitrogen percentages.
Dental hypomineralization treatment: A systematic review
Authors: da Cunha Coelho Ana Sofia Estima , Mata Pedro Carlos Machado , Lino Carolina Alves , Macho Viviana Marisa Pereira , Areias Cristina Maria Ferreira Guimarães Pereira , Norton Ana Paula Mendes Alves Peixoto , Augusto Ana Paula Coelho Macedo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionDefects in the maturation stage of amelogenesis result in a normal volume of enamel but insufficient mineralization, called hypomineralization. Molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta and dental fluorosis (DF) are examples of such defects.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments applied to the different forms of dental hypomineralization.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were screened. The research was limited to studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, until May 30, 2018. The research question was formulated following the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy. The quality of the methodology of each article was evaluated employing the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.ResultsFrom the initial research, 7895 references were obtained, of which 33 were included in the systematic review. The following treatments were reported: desensitizing and remineralizing products, resin infiltration, restorations, fissure sealants, tooth bleaching, enamel microabrasion and calcium, and vitamins supplements.ConclusionsAlthough the results are suggestive, there is a clear need for a greater uniformity of the methodologies, thus allowing for the development of clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify several effective treatments for teeth with MIH (arginine pastes or fluoride varnishes) and DF (tooth bleaching and/or enamel microabrasion).Clinical SignificanceBecause MIH, amelogenesis imperfecta, and DF are commonly seen in dental daily practice, it is extremely important to analyze the literature regarding its treatment.
Influence of steam condensation on vitamin C retention in green turnip undergoing low pressure superheated steam drying
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Xu Qing , Shi Yapeng , Wang Ruifang , Li Zhanyong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, green turnip discs were dried in low pressure superheated steam for high vitamin C retention. Drying kinetics and vitamin C variation in green turnip was studied at 95 mbar in superheated steam from 75 to 90 °C, considering the influence of steam condensation on the retention of vitamin C. It was found that an amount of vitamin C was transferred in the condensate water during drying process, especially in the constant evaporation period. Due to steam condensation and assistant electrical heating, the material surface temperature was higher than the water boiling point temperature at corresponding environment pressure when superheated steam stopped condensing. The condensate occurred in material surface could enhance the loss of vitamin C in green turnip. Vacuum preheating could reduce the amount of steam condensation and material temperature rise, and hence the vitamin C retention in green turnip was higher than that in continuous superheated steam drying.Practical applicationsGreen turnip is a nutritional, economical and healthy plant, which contains various nutrients such as carotene, ascorbic acid, protein, etc. Dried green turnip has been used as a resource of food seasoning and pickled foods. Fresh green turnip having relatively high moisture contents is very sensitive to microbial spoilage. Drying is one of the most common methods used for green turnip preservation. LPSSD is an innovative technology and which has been applied for dehydration of biological materials due to high nutrients retention, better product appearance, and energy efficiency. Low pressure superheated steam drying process has an initial steam condensation period, transferring an amount of latent heat to the material. It has been demonstrated that steam condensation on sample surface have some influence on material quality. Understanding the effect of condensation on vitamin C retention in green turnip is helpful for improving the quality of dried green turnip slices.
Magnetic compression anastomosis for biliojejunostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy in Whipple's procedure: An initial clinical study
Authors: Liu Xue‐Min , Li Yu , Xiang Jun‐Xi , Ma Feng , Lu Qiang , Guo Yan‐Guang , Yan Xiao‐Peng , Wang Bo , Zhang Xu‐Feng , Lv Yi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimMagnetic anastomosis has been attempted in biliary and intestinal reconstruction. The objective of the current study was to introduce an initial clinical use of magnetic compression anastomosis for pancreaticojejunostomy and biliojejunostomy in Whipple's procedure.MethodsPatients with peri‐ampullary carcinoma and dilated bile and pancreatic ducts were prospectively enrolled from 2016 to 2017. After pancreaticoduodenectomy, an appropriate mother magnet and drainage tube was placed in the proximal bile duct and pancreatic duct. The daughter magnets were introduced to mate with the mother magnets at the anastomotic sites. A close postoperative surveillance and routine cholangiopancreaticography via the drainage tube were performed.ResultsOne female and three male patients with a median age of 69 years (range, 57–77) were included. The diameter of the common bile ducts and pancreatic ducts ranged from 8 to 15 mm, and 7 to 10 mm, respectively. The median time duration for biliojejunostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy was 7 (range, 5–8 min) min and 9 (range, 8–10 min) min, respectively. The median time of biliojejunostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy formation was 17 (range, 15–21 days) days and 11 (range, 10–18 days), respectively. With a median follow up of 313 days, one patient developed biliary anastomotic stricture at 11 months after surgery, and underwent stent placement via percutaneous transhepatic drainage sinus, and recovered well.ConclusionsMagnetic anastomosis is safe, effective, and simple for both biliojejunostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy in Whipple's procedure.
Comparison of sampling methods for profiling cervicovaginal microbiome in rhesus macaques
Authors: Schmidt Brian A. , Phillips Ronald , Rolston Matthew , Raeman Reben , Iyer Smita S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCervicovaginal bacteria cause inflammation which in turn increases HIV risk. Profiling the cervicovaginal microbiome, therefore, is instrumental for vaccine development. We show that the microbiome profile captured by cervicovaginal lavage is comparable to samples obtained by vaginal swabs. Thus, lavage may serve as a sampling strategy in NHP vaccine studies.