bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Shape Parametrization Technique Applied to the Optimization of a Supersonic ORC Turbine Cascade
Authors: Romei Alessandro , Persico Giacomo 
Published: August 2018

Shape-optimization techniques are nowadays an essential tool in the design chain of turbomachinery to strike the high-performance targets demanded by modern applications. Although the geometric parametrization may affect significantly the optimization cost and ultimately the optimization outcome, the selection of control points and of the subsequent design space is usually based on heuristic considerations.
This paper proposes a cost-efficient parametrization procedure based on the ANOVA analysis of B-Spline control points. To tackle the extremely large computational burden arisen from the use of several control points, a surrogate strategy is implemented, testing four different methods. The optimization relies on surrogate-assisted evolutionary strategies coupled with an experimentally validated CFD solver.
The technique is applied to a supersonic Organic Rankine Cycle turbine cascade, which features a converging-diverging bladed channel. It is shown that only the diverging section of the suction side as well as the adjacent region of unguided turning have the major impact on the aerodynamic performance. These findings enable to select an optimal distribution of mobile control points in the optimization block, leading to significant savings in computational cost.
Finally, three optimizations are carried out, varying locally the number of control points; results are widely discussed in terms of both optimization outcomes and optimizer robustness.
Secondary Flows in LPT Cascades: Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Impact of the Inner Part of the Boundary Layer
Authors: Giovannini Matteo , Rubechini Filippo , Marconcini Michele , Simoni Daniele , Yepmo Vianney , Bertini Francesco 
Published: August 2018

Due to the low level of profile losses already reached in the design of modern low-pressure turbines for turbofan applications, a renewed interest is devoted to the other sources of loss, and namely to the secondary losses. At the same time, the importance of secondary losses has been reinforced by the current design trend towards high-lift profiles. A great attention, therefore, is dedicated to reliable and effective prediction methods as well as on the correct understanding of the mechanisms that drive the secondary flows.
In this context, a systematic numerical and experimental campaign was carried out focusing on the impact of different inlet boundary layer (BL) profiles and considering a state-of-the-art low-pressure turbine cascade.
Starting from a computational environment representative of a design standard, detailed RANS analyses were carried out in order to establish dependable guidelines for the computational setup. As a major result, such analyses also underlined the importance of the shape of the inlet BL very close to the endwall, hence suggesting tight requirements for the characterization of the experimental environment.
The impact of the inlet BL profile on the secondary flow development was experimentally investigated by varying the profile shape very close to the endwall as well as on the external part with respect to a reference condition. The effects on the cascade performance were evaluated focusing on the intensity of the over-under-turning as well as on the associated losses (intensity and penetration) by measuring the span-wise distributions of flow angle and total pressure losses at the cascade exit plane. For all the inlet conditions, comparisons between CFD and experimental results are discussed.
Besides providing guidelines for a proper numerical and experimental setup, the present paper underlines the importance of a detailed characterization of the inlet BL for an accurate assessment of the secondary flows. From a broader perspective, when aiming at reproducing (numerically or experimentally) a real engine environment, this suggests that an in-depth matching of the inlet profiles is crucial for reliable estimates of the secondary losses.
Flow Statistics and Visualization of Multi-Row Film Cooling Boundary Layers Emanating From Cylindrical and Diffuser Shaped Holes
Authors: Fernandes Craig P. , Hodges Justin , Fernandez Erik , Kapat Jayanta S. 
Published: August 2018

The research presented in this paper strives to exploit the benefits of near-wall measurement capabilities using hotwire anemometry and flowfield measurement capabilities using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for analysis of the injection of a staggered array of film cooling jets into a turbulent cross-flow. It also serves to give insight into the turbulence generation, jet structure, and flow physics pertaining to film cooling for various flow conditions. Such information and analysis will be applied to both cylindrical and diffuser shaped holes, to further understand the impacts manifesting from hole geometry. Spatially-resolved PIV measurements were taken at the array centerline of the holes and detailed temporally resolved hotwire velocity and turbulence measurements were taken at the trailing edge of each row of jets in the array centerline corresponding to the PIV measurement plane. Flowfields of jets emanating from eight staggered rows, of both cylindrical and diffuser shaped holes inclined at 20 degrees to the main-flow, are studied over blowing ratios in the range of 0.3–1.5. To allow for deeper interpretation, companion local adiabatic film cooling effectiveness results will also be presented for the geometric test specimen from related in-house work.
Results show “rising” shear layers for lower blowing ratios, inferring boundary layer growth for low blowing ratio cases. Detachment of film cooling jets is seen from a concavity shift in the u’rms line plots at the trailing edge of film cooling holes. Former rows of jets are observed to disrupt the approaching boundary layer and enhance the spreading and propagation of subsequent downstream jets. Behavior of the film boundary layer in the near-field region directly following the first row of injection, as compared to the near-field behavior after the final row of injection (recovery region), is also measured and discussed. The impact of the hole geometry on the resulting film boundary layer, as in this case of cylindrical verses diffuser shaped holes, is ascertained in the form of mean axial velocity, turbulence level (u’rms), and length scales profiles.
Iliad 11: Healing, Healers, Nestor, and Medea
Authors: Louden Bruce 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Iliad 11’s series of wounded Greek chiefs sends the doomed Patroklos to Nestor’s tent, where Heka-mede has just given Neleus’s son and the wounded healer Makhaon a restorative potion and shortly afterward will give Makhaon a bath. Nestor delivers a lengthy account, a Pylian epic, which briefly mentions Aga-mede, who knows all the pharmaka the earth grows. Together these details suggest two meanings for Nestor’s surprising longevity. Within the Iliad it serves as a vector to pre-Homeric epic but also alludes to Medea’s rejuvenation of Aison and to related episodes in her larger myth.
A Study of Fog and Low Cloud At Pendleton, Oregon*
Authors: Jermin Thomas E. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
The statistics of fog and low ceilings at Pendleton are discussed in relation to the topographic situation, prevailing winds, type of fog process, etc. The explanations require careful attention to topography. Nov. to Jan. is the foggy season; radiation, prefrontal, and advection are the chief types, but postfrontal and upslope fog also occur. Typical situations for each are illustrated. The forecasting by use of Brunt's radiation equation or the methods of George has not yet been satisfactorily worked out; some forecasting rules are cited however.
On the Interpretation of the Results of Periodogram Analysis and of Self-Correlation
Authors: Clough H. W. 
Published: August 2018

Synopsis
Two rigid methods of disclosing periodicities, the periodogram analysis and self-correlation, are discussed, and several examples of their use in deriving the 28-month period in solar and meteorological data are given. The empirical or non-rigid method of deriving periods, illustrated by the determination of the epochs of sunspot maxima and minima, is contrasted with the rigid method, and it is shown that if the results by the two methods are properly interpreted, they are in substantial agreement.
Gustiness Under Various Weather Conditions*
Authors: Fergusson S. P. 
Published: August 2018

Synopsis
Records of gustiness or rapid variations of velocity, usually obtained during gales, are important in studies of destructive effects of high winds, and from these data the relation of variations of high frequency to high mean velocities during long periods of time has been determined with fair accuracy. Gales, however, accompany but one or two kinds of condition, and a desirable supplementary comparison of gustiness with other phenomena of the atmosphere—storms, cloudiness, diurnal changes of pressure and temperature, etc.—has been undertaken at Blue Hill Observatory under the very favorable circumstances of an unusual range of velocity, ideal exposure for instruments, and wide-scale continuous records of all elements.
Gustiness, by a highly-sensitive rotation anemometer, is recorded on paper moving 60 mm a minute during periods of about 20 minutes regularly at 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and sunset, and at other hours during unusual conditions. The rotor can measure five changes of velocity in one second and the time-scale of the recorder can be expanded to 40 mm a second when details are to be studied.
The records obtained so far confirm earlier data of the connection between variable velocities and the more conspicuous changes of condition of the atmosphere, the range of velocity and frequency of gusts being higher on days with strong convection than during other periods when the sky is overcast and the vertical component of the wind is small. Further study of records will be necessary to evaluate relationships not so obvious but possibly of greater importance.
Prognostic value of the heart rate profile during exercise in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Aihara Kazufumi , Kato Yuko , Suzuki Shinya , Arita Takuto , Yagi Naoharu , Semba Hiroaki , Kano Hiroto , Matsuno Shunsuke , Otsuka Takayuki , Uejima Tokuhisa , Oikawa Yuji , Kunihara Takashi , Yajima Junji , Yamashita Takeshi 
Published: August 2018

Aims This study aimed to investigate the correlation of heart rate profile during exercise with exercise capacity and heart failure occurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation compared with patients with sinus rhythm. Methods We analyzed 2231 patients (atrial fibrillation: n = 321, sinus rhythm: n = 1910) who underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test at our institute. Their heart rate profile during exercise was assessed using peak heart rate and chronotropic response; (peak heart rate−resting heart rate)/(220−age−resting heart rate). The endpoint was the occurrence of heart failure events, defined as hospitalization for heart failure or heart failure-related death. Results There were significant positive correlations of peak heart rate and chronotropic response to peak oxygen consumption, both in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. During a median follow-up period of 1262 (interquartile range 974–2921) days, 117 (5.2%) heart failure events were observed. Multivariate analyses showed that peak heart rate and chronotropic response were statistically significant predictors of heart failure events both in atrial fibrillation (peak heart rate: heart rate 0.975, p = 0.002, chronotropic response: heart rate 0.196, p = 0.003) and in sinus rhythm (peak heart rate: heart rate 0.988, p = 0.036, chronotropic response: heart rate 0.347, p = 0.020). Bivariate models showed that compared with chronotropic response, peak heart rate was a stronger predictor of heart failure in atrial fibrillation, whereas the finding was reversed in sinus rhythm. Conclusion The exercise- heart rate profile was significantly related to exercise capacity and future heart failure events, regardless of rhythm. However, the impacts of peak heart rate and chronotropic response on the endpoint varied according to the cardiac rhythm.
Intravenous Lidocaine for the Prevention of Cough: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Clivio Sara , Putzu Alessandro , Tramèr Martin R. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
It remains unclear to what extent intravenous lidocaine prevents cough and whether there is dose-responsiveness and risk of harm.

METHODS:
We searched electronic databases to January 1, 2017 for randomized trials comparing intravenous lidocaine with placebo for the prevention of cough in surgical patients. Primary outcome was the incidence of cough. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model and were expressed as risk ratio (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT) with 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS:
In 20 trials in adults (n = 3062) and 5 trials in children (n = 445), intravenous lidocaine 0.5–2 mg·kg−1 was tested for the prevention of intubation-, extubation-, or opioid-induced cough. Twenty-two trials included only American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II patients; 3 trials (n = 99) also included American Society of Anesthesiologists III patients. Lidocaine was associated with a lower incidence of cough compared to placebo in adults and children, irrespective of dosage and cough etiology. Data from adults suggested dose-responsiveness; with 0.5 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.66 (0.50–0.88) and NNT was 8 (5.4–14.3); with 1 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.58 (0.49–0.69) and NNT was 7 (4.6–8.9); with 1.5 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.44 (0.33–0.58) and NNT was 5 (3.3–5.2); and with 2 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.39 (0.24–0.62) and NNT was 3 (2.0–3.4). Adverse effect reporting was sparse.

CONCLUSIONS:
Within a range of 0.5–2 mg·kg−1, intravenous lidocaine dose dependently prevents intubation-, extubation-, and opioid-induced cough in adults and children with NNTs ranging from 8 to 3. The risk of harm in high-risk patients remains unknown.
Relationship between facet joint distraction during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for trauma and functional outcome
Authors: Kirzner N. , Etherington G. , Ton L. , Chan P. , Paul E. , Liew S. , Humadi A. 
Published: August 2018

Aims The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical relevance of increased facet joint distraction as a result of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for trauma. Patients and Methods A total of 155 patients (130 men, 25 women. Mean age 42.7 years; 16 to 87) who had undergone ACDF between 1 January 2001 and 1 January 2016 were included in the study. Outcome measures included the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Lateral cervical spine radiographs taken in the immediate postoperative period were reviewed to compare the interfacet distance of the operated segment with those of the facet joints above and below. Results There was a statistically significant relationship between greater facet distraction and increased NDI and VAS pain scores. This was further confirmed by Spearman correlation, which showed evidence of a moderate correlation between both NDI score and facet joint distraction (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.34; p < 0.001) and VAS score and facet distraction (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.52; p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a discernible transition point between outcome scores. Significantly worse outcomes, in terms of both NDI scores (17.8 vs 8.2; p < 0.001) and VAS scores (4.5 vs 1.3; p < 0.001), were seen with facet distraction of 3 mm or more. Patients who went on to have a posterior fusion also had increased NDI and VAS scores, independent of facet distraction. Conclusion After undergoing ACDF for the treatment of cervical spine injury, patients with facet joint distraction of 3 mm or more have worse NDI and VAS pain scores. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1201–7.
HUMAN RIGHTS BASED LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR THE VIOLATION OF LOCAL REGULATION BY CIVIL SERVICE POLICE OF SEMARANG MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Setiyono Joko 
Published: August 2018

In the era of regional autonomy, the role of civil service police in the enforcement of Local Regulations is crucial to support regional development. However in practice, civil service police often find obstacles and resistance from the public they face. Therefore, it is required for civil service police to act on the base of human rights during the regulation enforcement process. The results hows that the performance of Semarang civil service police in conducting the Local Regulations enforcement process during 2009-2014 had been done based on human rights. There are still any resistance from the public in some actions, but it can be understood as the result of lack of socialization about the regulations, lack of dialogue and coordination with the citizens, as well as lack of satisfaction of citizens in the solution or redress given to them. Keywords : human rights, enforcement, violation, local regulation, municipality
Několik poznámek k ne/formálnosti jazykové komunikace v češtině
Authors: Lollok Marek 
Published: August 2018

Text se zabývá problematikou tzv. formálnosti a neformálnosti v jazykové komunikaci v češtině; cílem je objasnit tento v lingvistice frekventovaný, avšak nikoli jednoznačný koncept. Jsou představeny jeho základní aspekty, např. souvislost s pragmatickou stránkou komunikace, jazykovými a mimojazykovými normami, resp. některými stylovými dichotomiemi. Část textu je věnována i trendu odklánění se od formálnosti (a také od spisovnosti) v situacích dříve či doposud zásadně formálních; poněkud podrobněji popisujeme tento trend v oblasti komunikace mediální.
“Cool my doubt is erased”: constructive disagreement and creating a psychologically safe space in multicultural student teamwork
Authors: Komori-Glatz Miya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the roles of disagreement and trust in multicultural teamwork on an English-medium master’s programme at an Austrian business university. The teamwork project – assigned by the content teacher – took place mostly outside the classroom and simulated business practice both in terms of the tasks and the multicultural context. Each team comprised two Austrian students and two international students, resulting in an English as a lingua franca (ELF) setting. The teams were observed and audio-/video-recorded, with the analysis focusing on an early stage of the project where they laid the groundwork for the team mental models in terms of establishing the team goals, relationships and communicative practices. Additionally, retrospective interviews were conducted at the end of the project with each of the team members and the lecturer to gain emic insights into the project. The findings suggest a symbiotic relationship between disagreement and trust, in which high levels of trust and the construction of a psychologically safe space allow the team members to disagree with and challenge each other without damaging their relationships, leading to better decisions. In turn, these decisions can contribute to a sense of shared success that strengthens the team’s joint identity.
Formulaic sequences signalling discourse organisation in ELF academic lectures: a disciplinary perspective
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFormulaic sequences (e.g.on the other hand, for example, at the same time) are pervasive in natural language use and play an important role in differentiating socially situated practices. This paper examines formulaic sequences signalling discourse organisation in academic ELF lectures from a disciplinary perspective. Most previous studies of this kind employ a frequency-based approach; however, the inherent limitations of the methodology (e.g. arbitrary operational criteria, difficulty in handling discontinuous units) mean that a great deal may have been overlooked. This may be particularly relevant to ELF communication, which involves a high degree of flexibility and adaptability. The present study aims to address this gap by taking a manual approach in the identification of formulaic sequences, continuous or discontinuous, in context. The results provide further evidence for disciplinary differences and variability in the use of formulaic language to signal discourse organisation by lecturers in academic ELF settings.
Utterance-final particle -canha in modern spoken Korean: A marker of shared knowledge, (im)politeness, theticity and mirativity
Authors: Kim Ahrim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the functions of the utterance-final particle -canhain modern spoken Korean. Analyzing naturally occurring spontaneous conversational data, I argue that its basic function is to explicitly mark the speaker’s belief of shared knowledge. This study suggests that -canhafunctions as a very useful device in managing the information flow in spontaneous conversation by enabling speakers to constantly signal other interlocutors and build common ground. This basic information-managing function can not only be used in discourse strategies (a pre-sequence and as a verbal filler), but can also be extended to express politeness and impoliteness, theticity, and mirativity. In sum, the functions of -canhadiscussed in this paper suggest that it is a highly intersubjective marker, in that it explicitly indicates the speaker’s awareness of and attention to the hearer’s information status and changes therein.
Augenblick mal! Theoretische Überlegungen und methodische Zugänge zur Erforschung sozialer Variation in der Deutschen Gebärdensprache
Authors: Jaeger Hanna , Junghanns Anita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeaf sign language users oftentimes claim to be able to recognise straight away whether their interlocutors are native signers. To date it is unclear, however, what exactly such judgement calls might be based on. The aim of the research presented was to explore whether specific articulatory features are being associated with signers that have (allegedly) acquired German Sign Language (Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS) as their first language. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were generated in ten focus group settings. Each group was made up of three participants and one facilitator. Deaf participants’ meta-linguistic claims concerning linguistic features of ‘native signing’ (i. e. what native signing looks like) were qualitatively analysed using grounded theory methods. Quantitative data were generated via a language assessment experiment designed around stimulus material extracted from DGS corpus data. Participants were asked to judge whether or not individual clips extracted from a DGS corpus had been produced by a native signer. Against the backdrop of the findings identified in the focus group data, the stimulus material was subsequently linguistically analysed in order to identify specific linguistic features that might account for some clips to be judged as ‘produced by a native signer’ as opposed to others that were claimed to have been ‘articulated by a non-native signer’. Through juxtaposing meta-linguistic perspectives, the results of a language perception experiment and the linguistic analysis of the stimulus material, the study brings to the fore specific crystallisation points of linguistic and social features indexing linguistic authenticity. The findings break new ground in that they suggest that the face as articulator in general, and micro-prosodic features expressed in the movement of eyes, eyebrows and mouth in particular, play a significant role in the perception of others as (non-)native signers.