bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Stability of Li Metal Anodes by Synergetic Control of Nucleation and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Peng Zhe , Song Junhua , Huai Liyuan , Jia Haiping , Xiao Biwei , Zou Lianfeng , Zhu Guomin , Martinez Abraham , Roy Swadipta , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Lee Hongkyung , Ren Xiaodi , Li Qiuyan , Liu Bin , Li Xiaolin , Wang Deyu , Xu Wu , Zhang Ji‐Guang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUse of a protective coating on a lithium metal anode (LMA) is an effective approach to enhance its coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. Here, a facile approach to produce uniform silver nanoparticle‐decorated LMA for high‐performance Li metal batteries (LMBs) is reported. This effective treatment can lead to well‐controlled nucleation and the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Ag nanoparticles embedded in the surface of Li anodes induce uniform Li plating/stripping morphologies with reduced overpotential. More importantly, cross‐linked lithium fluoride‐rich interphase formed during Ag+ reduction enables a highly stable SEI layer. Based on the Ag‐LiF decorated anodes, LMBs with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode (≈1.8 mAh cm−2) can retain >80% capacity over 500 cycles. The similar approach can also be used to treat sodium metal anodes. Excellent stability (80% capacity retention in 10 000 cycles) is obtained for a Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell using a Na‐Ag‐NaF/Na anode cycled in carbonate electrolyte. These results clearly indicate that synergetic control of the nucleation and SEI is an efficient approach to stabilize rechargeable metal batteries.
Correlated Migration Invokes Higher Na+‐Ion Conductivity in NaSICON‐Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Zhizhen , Zou Zheyi , Kaup Kavish , Xiao Ruijuan , Shi Siqi , Avdeev Maxim , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Wang Da , He Bing , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Nazar Linda F. , Chen Liquan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNa super ion conductor (NaSICON), Na1+nZr2SinP3–nO12 is considered one of the most promising solid electrolytes; however, the underlying mechanism governing ion transport is still not fully understood. Here, the existence of a previously unreported Na5 site in monoclinic Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is unveiled. It is revealed that Na+‐ions tend to migrate in a correlated mechanism, as suggested by a much lower energy barrier compared to the single‐ion migration barrier. Furthermore, computational work uncovers the origin of the improved conductivity in the NaSICON structure, that is, the enhanced correlated migration induced by increasing the Na+‐ion concentration. Systematic impedance studies on doped NaSICON materials bolster this finding. Significant improvements in both the bulk and total ion conductivity (e.g., σbulk = 4.0 mS cm−1, σtotal = 2.4 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) are achieved by increasing the Na content from 3.0 to 3.30–3.55 mol formula unit−1. These improvements stem from the enhanced correlated migration invoked by the increased Coulombic repulsions when more Na+‐ions populate the structure rather than solely from the increased mobile ion carrier concentration. The studies also verify a strategy to enhance ion conductivity, namely, pushing the cations into high energy sites to therefore lower the energy barrier for cation migration.
Tin Halide Perovskite (ASnX3) Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Guide toward the Highest Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Nasti Giuseppe , Abate Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractASnX3 perovskite solar cells (Sn‐PSC) have the potential to deliver the most efficient solar cell technology with safe materials. In this review, a comprehensive introduction of the field is given, that is suitable for nonexperts, gradually leading the reader to a narrower and detailed analysis of the most recent and significant advances. A brief description is given of the leading alternatives for lead‐free PSC and the reasons for ASnX3 compounds' status as one of the most promising candidates are presented. The last part of the review focuses on the stabilization of ASnX3, which is the most compelling challenge to achieve the highest efficiency PSCs. The most promising approaches toward stable and efficient ASnX3 PSCs are identified and discussed.
Exploiting the Condensation Reactions of Acetophenone to Engineer Carbon‐Encapsulated Nb2O5 Nanocrystals for High‐Performance Li and Na Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Han Xianying , Russo Patrícia A. , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas , Patanè Salvatore , Santangelo Saveria , Zhang Rui , Pinna Nicola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient synthetic methods to produce high‐performance electrode‐active materials are crucial for developing energy storage devices for large‐scale applications, such as hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Here, an effective approach to obtain controllable carbon‐encapsulated T‐Nb2O5 nanocrystals (NCs) is presented, based on the solvothermal treatment of NbCl5 in acetophenone. Two separate condensation reactions of acetophenone generate an intimate and homogeneous mixture of Nb2O5 particles and 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene (TPB), which acts as a unique carbon precursor. The electrochemical performance of the resulting composites as anode electrode materials can be tuned by varying the Nb2O5/TPB ratio. Remarkable performances are achieved for Li‐ion and Na‐ion energy storage systems at high charge–discharge rates (specific capacities of ≈90 mAh g−1 at 100 C rate for lithium and ≈125 mAh g−1 at 20 C for sodium). High energy and power densities are also achieved with Li‐ and Na‐ion HSC devices constructed by using the Nb2O5/C composites as anode and activated carbon (YPF‐50) as cathode, demonstrating the excellent electrochemical properties of the materials synthesized with this approach.
Do young rhesus macaques know what others see?: A comparative developmental perspective
Authors: Arre Alyssa M. , Clark Chelsey S. , Santos Laurie R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHumans undergo robust ontogenetic shifts in the theory of mind capabilities. Are these developmental changes unique to human development or are they shared with other closely related non‐human species? To explore this issue, we tested the development of the theory of mind capacities in a population of 236 infant and juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Using a looking‐time method, we examined what developing monkeys know about others’ perceptions. Specifically, we tested whether younger monkeys predict that a person will reach for an object where she last saw it. Overall, we found a significant interaction between a monkey's age and performance on this task (p = .014). Juvenile monkeys (between two and 5 years of age) show a nonsignificant trend towards human infant‐like patterns of performance, looking longer during the unexpected condition as compared to the expected condition, though this difference is nonsignificant (p = .09). However, contrary to findings in human infants, infant rhesus macaques show a different trend. Infant monkeys on average look slightly longer on average during the expected condition than the unexpected condition, though this pattern was not significant (p = .06). Our developmental results in monkeys provide some hints about the development of the theory of mind capacities in non‐humans. First, young rhesus macaques appear to show some interest in the perception of other agents. Second, young rhesus seems able to make predictions based on the visual perspective of another agent, though the developmental pattern of this ability is not as clear nor as robust as in humans. As such, though an understanding of others’ perceptions is early‐emerging in human infants, it may require more experience interacting with other social agents in our non‐human relatives.
Tuning the Reactivity of Cyclopropenes from Living Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) to Single‐Addition and Alternating ROMP
Authors: Su Jessica K. , Jin Zexin , Zhang Rui , Lu Gang , Liu Peng , Xia Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRing‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has become one of the most important living polymerizations. Cyclopropenes (CPEs) remain underexplored for ROMP. Described here is that the simple swap of 1‐methyl to 1‐phenyl on 1‐(benzoyloxymethyl)CPEs elicited strikingly different modes of reactivity, switching from living polymerization to either selective single‐addition or living alternating ROMP. The distinct reactivity stems from differences in steric repulsions at the Ru alkylidene after CPE ring opening. Possible olefin or oxygen chelation from ring‐opened CPE substituents was also observed to significantly affect the rate of propagation. These results demonstrate the versatility of CPEs as a new class of monomers for ROMP, provide mechanistic insights for designing new monomers with rare single‐addition reactivity, and generate a new functionalizable alternating copolymer scaffold with controlled molecular weight and low dispersity.
A 3D Analogue of Phenyllithium: Solution‐Phase, Solid‐State, and Computational Study of the Lithiacarborane [Li−CB11H11]−
Authors: Dontha Rakesh , Zhu Tian‐Cheng , Shen Yunjun , Wörle Michael , Hong Xin , Duttwyler Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe lithiacarborane [Li−CB11H11]− plays a central role in carborane chemistry, as it is a key intermediate to achieve the selective functionalization of the monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate [CB11H12]− for applications in various fields. Also, it is an organometallic species of fundamental interest because it represents a 3D analogue of phenyllithium featuring an exo C−Li bond in addition to the delocalized negative endo charge of the spherical cluster. For the first time, the elusive and highly reactive endo/exo formal dianion [CB11H11]2− has been isolated as its lithiate as well as zincate in pure form and fully characterized. DFT calculations corroborate the experimental findings and underscore the remarkably high reactivity of the lithiacarborane. Subsequent derivatizations demonstrate the relevance of its initial clean formation.
Free‐Standing CoO‐POM Janus‐like Ultrathin Nanosheets
Authors: Akram Bilal , Shi Wenxiong , Zhang Hao , Ullah Shaheed , Khurram Muhammad , Wang Xun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA single‐step solution‐based strategy is used to obtain 2D Janus‐like free‐standing ultrathin nanosheets build from two structurally unrelated species, that is, polyoxomolybdate (POM) and CoO. A controlled 2D‐to‐1D morphological transition was achieved by judiciously adjusting the solvent choice. These POM‐CoO heterostructures can behave as an ideal catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene. Benefiting from their amphiphilic nature, these 2D POM‐CoO nanosheets have also been used as surfactant to emulsify immiscible solvents. It is anticipated that structurally diverse polyoxometalates will offer promise as design elements for variety of structurally and compositionally tunable van der Waals integrated heteromaterials having a broad range applications.
Tuning the Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Carbide MXene by Controllable In Situ Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Tang Jun , Mathis Tyler S. , Kurra Narendra , Sarycheva Asia , Xiao Xu , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Jiang Qiu , Alshareef Husam N. , Xu Baomin , Pan Feng , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMXenes are a class of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides that have shown promise for high‐rate pseudocapacitive energy storage. However, the effects that irreversible oxidation have on the surface chemistry and electrochemical properties of MXenes are still not understood. Here we report on a controlled anodic oxidation method which improves the rate performance of titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx, Tx refers to ‐F, =O, ‐Cl and ‐OH) electrodes in acidic electrolytes. The capacitance retention at 2000 mV s−1 (with respect to the lowest scan rate of 5 mV s−1) increases gradually from 38 % to 66 % by tuning the degree of anodic oxidation. At the same time, a loss in the redox behavior of Ti3C2Tx is evident at high anodic potentials after oxidation. Several analysis methods are employed to reveal changes in the structure and surface chemistry while simultaneously introducing defects, without compromising electrochemically active sites, are key factors for improving the rate performance of Ti3C2Tx. This study demonstrates improvement of the electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes by performing a controlled anodic oxidation.
Produktion von Wasserstoffperoxid durch photokatalytische Prozesse
Authors: Hou Huilin , Zeng Xiangkang , Zhang Xiwang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) steht verstärkt im Fokus der Forschung, da es nicht nur ein mildes und umweltschonendes Oxidationsmittel für die organische Synthese und Umweltsanierung ist, sondern auch ein aussichtsreicher flüssiger Brennstoff. Die Herstellung von H2O2 mittels Photokatalyse ist ein nachhaltiger Prozess, da dabei Wasser und Sauerstoff als Ausgangsmaterialien und Sonnenlicht als Energiequelle genutzt werden. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurden ermutigende Fortschritte in der Entwicklung von Prozessen zur photokatalytischen H2O2‐Produktion erzielt. In diesem Aufsatz bieten wir eine umfassende Zusammenfassung der Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der photokatalytischen Produktion von H2O2. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung, in der die Vorteile der photokatalytischen H2O2‐Synthese herausgestellt werden, diskutieren wir die grundlegenden Prinzipien der Entwicklung effizienter photokatalytischer Systeme zur Produktion von H2O2 und stellen moderne Photokatalysatoren vor. Wir schließen den Aufsatz mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung und einem Ausblick über die Fortschritte in diesem wachsenden Forschungsgebiet ab.
[3+2] Fragmentation of a Pentaphosphido Ligand by Cyanide
Authors: Hoidn Christian M. , Maier Thomas M. , Trabitsch Karolina , Weigand Jan J. , Wolf Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe activation of white phosphorus (P4) by transition‐metal complexes has been studied for several decades, but the functionalization and release of the resulting (organo)phosphorus ligands has rarely been achieved. Herein we describe the formation of rare diphosphan‐1‐ide anions from a P5ligand by treatment with cyanide. Cobalt diorganopentaphosphido complexes have been synthesized by a stepwise reaction sequence involving a low‐valent diimine cobalt complex, white phosphorus, and diorganochlorophosphanes. The reactions of the complexes with tetraalkylammonium or potassium cyanide afford a cyclotriphosphido cobaltate anion5and 1‐cyanodiphosphan‐1‐ide anions [R2PPCN]−(6‐R). The molecular structure of a related product7suggests a novel reaction mechanism, where coordination of the cyanide anion to the cobalt center induces a ligand rearrangement. This is followed by nucleophilic attack of a second cyanide anion at a phosphorus atom and release of the P2fragment.
A Photolabile Semiconducting Polymer Nanotransducer for Near‐Infrared Regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing
Authors: Lyu Yan , He Shasha , Li Jingchao , Jiang Yuyan , Sun He , Miao Yansong , Pu Kanyi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNoninvasive regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is conducive to understanding of gene function and development of gene therapy; however, it remains challenging. Herein, a photolabile semiconducting polymer nanotransducer (pSPN) is synthesized to act as the gene vector to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into cells and also as the photoregulator to remotely activate gene editing. pSPN comprises a 1O2‐generating backbone grafted with polyethylenimine brushes through 1O2‐cleavable linkers. NIR photoirradiation spontaneously triggers the cleavage of gene vectors from pSPN, resulting in the release of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids and subsequently initiating gene editing. This system affords 15‐ and 1.8‐fold enhancement in repaired gene expression relative to the nonirradiated controls in living cells and mice, respectively. As this approach does not require any specific modifications on biomolecular components, pSPN represents the first generic nanotransducer for in vivo regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
Efficient Organocatalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Hasenbeck Max , Becker Jonathan , Gellrich Urs 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDehydrogenation of ammonia borane by sterically encumbered pyridones as organocatalysts is reported. With 6‐tert‐butyl‐2‐thiopyridone as the catalyst, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 88 h−1 was achieved. Experimental mechanistic investigations, substantiated by DLPNO‐CCSD(T) computations, indicate a mechanistic scenario that commences with the protonation of a B−H bond by the mercaptopyridine form of the catalyst. The reactive intermediate formed by this initial protonation was observed by NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structure of a surrogate determined by SCXRD. An intramolecular proton transfer in this intermediate from the NH3 group to the pyridine ring with concomitant breaking of the S−B bond regenerates the thiopyridone and closes the catalytic cycle. This step can be described as an inorganic retro‐ene reaction.
Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Photocatalytic Processes
Authors: Hou Huilin , Zeng Xiangkang , Zhang Xiwang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has received increasing attention because it is not only a mild and environmentally friendly oxidant for organic synthesis and environmental remediation but also a promising new liquid fuel. The production of H2O2 by photocatalysis is a sustainable process, since it uses water and oxygen as the source materials and solar light as the energy. Encouraging processes have been developed in the last decade for the photocatalytic production of H2O2. In this Review we summarize research progress in the development of processes for the photocatalytic production of H2O2. After a brief introduction emphasizing the superiorities of the photocatalytic generation of H2O2, the basic principles of establishing an efficient photocatalytic system for generating H2O2 are discussed, highlighting the advanced photocatalysts used. This Review is concluded by a brief summary and outlook for future advances in this emerging research field.
Synthesis and characterization of pH‐sensitive poly(acrylamide‐co‐methylenebisacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogel microspheres containing silica nanoparticles: Application in enhanced oil recovery processes
Authors: Jamali A. , Moghbeli M. R. , Ameli F. , Roayaie E. , Karambeigi M. S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres consisted of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers, and silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization. To find a proper formulation for synthesis of these microspheres, design of experiment was performed using the input parameters, such as stirring rate, AA/AAm ratio, and the amount of SNP content. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs indicated that mean size of the microspheres decreased by increasing the stirring rate and SNP content and by lowering the AA/AAm ratio. Moreover, morphological survey of the microparticles exhibited a spherical shape with smooth surface. Swelling behavior of the produced hydrogels was investigated in four different environments. The results showed that a decrease in temperature and an increase in salinity led to reduction of the equilibrium swelling ratio (SR) to some extent. Moreover, increasing the pH caused a drastic increment of the equilibrium SR. Response surface methodology approach was utilized to establish a functional relationship between the effective parameters for synthesis of hydrogels and their favorable SR. Finally, performance of the resultant hydrogels was visually examined in enhanced oil (EOR) recovery processes in two steps. The flooding test of the hydrogel spheres indicated 23% increase in oil recovery factor in comparison to water flooding. This observation revealed the potential efficiency of the synthesized hydrogels for EOR applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48491.HIGHLIGHTS
Using inverse suspension method to synthesize spherical hydrogels containing nanosilica.
Investigation on the effects of temperature, water salinity, and pH on equilibrium swelling ratio of hydrogels.
Investigation on rheological characterization of the synthesized hydrogels by adding nanosilica.
Studying on the effect of synthesized hydrogels in macroscopic sweep efficiency using micromodels.
Application of the synthesized hydrogels for core‐flood tests and studying the oil recovery factor.
Influence of matrix viscosity on the dynamic mechanical performance of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Abdul Hadi Nur Haslina Nasirah , Ismail Hanafi , Abdullah Muhammad Khalil , Shuib Raa Khimi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAnisotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with different natural rubber matrix viscosities and industrial waste nickel zinc ferrite were prepared in order to assess the dynamic and mechanical performance of the materials. The curing characteristics of the anisotropic MREs were determined using a moving disk rheometer (MDR 2000). The loss tangent (tan δ) was measured through a parallel‐plate rheometer over a frequency range of 1─100 Hz (Hz) and a strain amplitude range of 0.1─6%. It was found that tan δ increased with increasing matrix viscosity over the range of frequency and strain amplitude explored. Furthermore, as the matrix viscosity increased, the height of the tan δ peak also increased and the glass transition temperature (Tg) valued shifted to a higher temperature. It was also found that tensile strength and elongation at break increased with increasing matrix viscosity. The SEM micrographs revealed that the columnar structures became longer and thicker with a decrease in matrix viscosity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48492.
Influence of cornstarch on thermomechanical behavior of poly(vinyl) chloride bioplastics
Authors: Akram Nadia , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Iqbal Shahzad Zafar , Shafi Amina , Khan Waheed Gul 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe diverse and ubiquitous consumption of polymers urges the necessity to make these materials easily available. However, the excessively used petrochemical‐based polymers such as poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) are nonbiodegradable, which is a motivation to modify it with “green” alternatives. In the present study, PVC (Mw = 48 000 g mol−1) has been incorporated with cornstarch (CS) to synthesize a series of 25 samples of bioplastics in addition to blank polymer samples. The films of five various thicknesses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mm) have been synthesized using in situ polymerization. Each sample of pure PVC film and bioplastic has been induced with different concentrations of CS in the range of 1–5 wt %. The synthesized samples were subjected to the structural characterization by using Fourier transform infrared. Thermogravimetric analysis has demonstrated the three‐step degradation with the improved stability of 250 °C. The 3% concentration of CS has shown the optimum storage modulus (E′) of 1 660 MPa from dynamic mechanical analysis and Tan δ as 0.50. The swelling test performed using water has shown an induction of hydrophilicity in PVC up to 4%. CS‐induced bioplastics can be a potential ecofriendly alternative of conventional polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48493.