bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Homocysteine in Urine and Saliva by Microchip Electrophoresis
Authors: Troška Peter , Mandžáková Anna , Hradski Jasna , Ševčík Juraj , Masár Marián 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An online combination of isotachophoresis (ITP) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was employed on a microchip with a column-coupling technology for the determination of homocysteine in various body fluids. ITP with its high concentration ability was used as a sample pretreatment and injection technique for CZE, which facilitated the rapid and sensitive determination of homocysteine. The resolution of the analyte from other constituents present in real complex samples was enhanced by discrete spacers, which were added to the injected sample. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) pretreatment technique based on silver- and barium-form resins was used prior to the ITP-CZE analysis to remove high concentrations of chloride and sulfate naturally present in the analyzed samples. The combination of the micropretreatment and microelectrophoresis techniques facilitated the determination of trace concentrations of homocysteine in samples of urine and saliva
Effects of reduced and traditional tillage on soil properties and diversity of diatoms under winter wheat
Authors: Stanek-Tarkowska Jadwiga , Czyż Ewa A. , Dexter Anthony R. , Sławiński Cezary 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify soil properties, microbial biodiversity and crop yield under two tillage systems used for winter wheat production in monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2013-2016, on a long-term field experiment on a silt loam at the Krasne Research Station near Rzeszów, Poland. Traditional tillage involved soil inversion whereas reduced tillage was a non-inversion system. The following soil properties: chemical (soil organic carbon, pH, available P, K, Mg), physical (soil bulk density, water content, stability in water), and biological (the diversity of diatoms) were measured on samples collected throughout the growing season and at harvest. Soil organic carbon content, water content and bulk density in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm layers were greater in reduced tillage than in traditional tillage. Under reduced tillage the amount of readily dispersible clay was reduced giving increased soil stability in water. Soil under reduced tillage had greater diversity of diatoms (139 taxa) than that under traditional tillage (102 taxa). Wheat yields were positively correlated with precipitation, soil water content and soil organic carbon, and negatively correlated with readily dispersible clay.
A New Approach for Semi-Analytical Solution of Cross-plane Phonon Transport in Silicon–Diamond Thin Films
Authors: Yilbas Bekir Sami , Alassar Rajai Samih Mousa , Al-Dweik Ahmad Yousef , Mansoor Saad Bin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Transient analysis of phonon cross-plane transport across two consecutively placed thin films is considered, and a new approach is introduced to obtain the semi-analytical solution for the equation of phonon radiative transport. The orthogonality properties of trigonometric functions are used in the mathematical analysis. Silicon and diamond thin films are used to resemble the consecutively placed thin films. The films are thermally disturbed from its edges to initiate the phonon transport, and thermal boundary resistance is introduced at the films interface. Equivalent equilibrium temperature is incorporated to quantify the phonon intensity distribution in the films. It is found that the results of the analytical solution agree well with their counterparts obtained from the numerical simulations. Phonon intensity at the film edges and interface reduces significantly due to boundary scattering. The analytical solution captures phonon scattering at boundaries and interface correctly, and provides considerable simplification of the numerical treatment of the equation for phonon radiative transport. It also reduces significantly the numerical efforts required for solving the transient phonon radiative transport equation pertinent to the cross-plan transport across the thin films in terms of program size and run-time.
Applying Pareto Frontier to Determine Control Strategy of Technical Objects Operation Process
Authors: Migawa Klaudiusz , Knopik Leszek , Neubauer Andrzej , Sołtysiak Agnieszka 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the multi-criteria model of technical objects operation process control in which the choice of control strategy is made with the use of nondeterministic methods. The decisive model was created with the use of decisive theories of semi-Markov processes. The choice of the optimum (quasi-optimum) solution is made with the use of simulated annealing algorithm. As a result of numeric calculations for used criteria functions (availability, risk), a set of quasi-optimum solutions in the form of Pareto frontier is obtained.
Method of Availability Control in the Transport System using Simulation Model of Operation and Maintenance Process
Authors: Migawa Klaudiusz , Neubauer Andrzej , Muślewski Łukasz , Landowski Bogdan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the description of algorithm for calculation characteristics of simulation model for the operation and maintenance process of transport means. The model presented in the paper constitutes an integral element of the developed complex method of quality control in elaborate technical object performance systems. In the example presented in the paper, the evaluation criteria consist of the availability of technical object as well as unit profit generated in the states of the modeled operation and maintenance process. On the basis of the results of research carried out at an existing operation and maintenance system, entry data for the model were obtained and simulation experiments were carried out.
Method of Determining the Required Number of Technical Backup Area Posts
Authors: Migawa Klaudiusz , Woropay Maciej , Gniot Maciej , Salamońska Monika 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In complex operation systems, the processes of rendering technical objects roadworthy are carried out at specifically designed technical backup area posts. The article presents the method of defining the number of technical backup area posts required for appropriate functioning of assigned service and repair task. Then typical calculation results are presented in charts prepared on the basis of data obtained from tests at existing transport means operation system. The presented method makes it possible to analogically determine the minimum required number of posts for carrying out the assigned service and repair task for both a subsystem comprised of a group of units a given group of posts or an individual post in traffic maintenance and intervention subsystems.
Basics of the Corrective - Resonant Spectral Method of Gas Flow Identification from the Damaged Pipeline and its Experimental Verification
Authors: Grądzki Rafał , Golak Karol , Lindstedt Paweł 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An important problem in the operation of gas pipelines is the identification of accidental gas leakage from the damaged pipeline. It is the hardest when the leakage is small. A disadvantage of prior methods is that with their use is only possible to identify and locate significant outflow with only a low accuracy. In proposed method of identifying the gas flow will be used a new signal from the corrective element “r” attached to the tested pipeline and calculated from it and mass flow rate signals auto and cross power spectral density Sxx, Syy, Srr, Sxy, Sxr, Syr. Using the power spectral density signals allows for transition from the signal diagnostic to the parameter diagnostic which is more effective. Assumptions methods will be verified at the experimental station.
Return to Vocational Education
Authors: Melnarowicz Władysław , Melnarowicz Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article presents the description of the current education and vocational training systems in Poland and the world with special emphasis on technical professions. It draws attention to the events and decisions, which led to a decreased level of education, lower quality of graduates and problems, the youth graduating from secondary and high schools have with finding a job. The studies of the authors on the effectiveness of vocational training systems lead to the presentation of an innovative proposal of deriving operational goals of education from professional tasks and developing a modular design of curricula. Such an approach towards the construction of vocational training programs is based on the model of a modularized occupation MES (Modules of Employable Skills). The described concept is supported by: high efficiency, flexibility and economic issues.
Welds’ Quality of Aluminium Alloy Components of Military Aircraft Executed by Arc Welding Method
Authors: Woźny Piotr , Błachnio Józef , Dragan Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the problems arising in the process of repairs of aircraft (AC) components made of aluminium alloys during arc welding with the TIG (tungsten inert gas) method. The paper provides information on the rules applicable in the welding process qualification. The procedure algorithm when qualifying the welding process was presented in accordance with PN-EN ISO 15614-2. The main causes and factors affecting the formation of defects and welding imperfections were described and classified. The principles of preparing the components for welding and selection of a binder were discussed. The issue of effect of the welding parameters on the formation of defects and welding imperfections in relation to PN-L-01426 standard was raised. The application of computed tomography in assessment of the welded joints was described and tomograms from tests of butt welds of aluminium alloys made of the AW 5754 grade aluminium alloy were presented. On the example of the tomograms, the welding imperfections and defects formed in the tested joints were discussed. The usefulness of computed tomography in assessment of the welds’ quality was shown.
The relationship between shrinkage and elongation of bleached softwood kraft pulp sheets
Authors: Kouko Jarmo , Retulainen Elias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe relationship between shrinkage and elongation of hand sheets was examined. The results show that the same dimensional contraction brought about by shrinkage can be strained out in tensile testing. However, percentage-wise the elongation is greater than the shrinkage due to different reference points, and the difference increases strongly at higher shrinkage levels. Elongation of paper can be explained mainly by two factors: the shrinkage and the net elongation of paper. Here shrinkage refers to all kinds of in-plane contraction of the fiber network (drying shrinkage, in-plane-compaction and creping). The novel concept ‘net elongation’ was proposed in order to separate the effect of shrinkage from the total elongation of paper. Net elongation is the elongation of corresponding unshrunken paper dried under restraint. Sheets with high elongation were prepared from bleached softwood kraft pulp and the effects of shrinkage on elongation, strength and stiffness of the paper were investigated. Mechanical treatment methods of pulp fibers and chemical strength additives were applied in order to maximize the strength and elongation. In-plane compaction and creping were used to further boost shrinkage of the high basis weight (100 g/m2) sheets up to 160 percent. Experimental elongation data confirmed the proposed theoretical relationships.
Study on dynamic characteristics of silo-stock-foundation interaction system under seismic load
Authors: Shuwei Li , Wen Zhao , Zhiyu Guo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In order to reveal the dynamic response mechanism of silo-storage-foundation system under seismic wave loading, the silo is simplified as a thin-walled cylindrical shell structure with fixed bottom and free upper part. Considering geometric nonlinearity, dynamic elastic modulus, damping and other factors, the nonlinear vibration differential equations of the silo under dynamic loading are established. The Galerkin method is used to discretize the vibration differential equations, and the definite conditions with solution ideas are given. Subsequently, the dynamic action system of tube supported reinforced concrete silos is studied by using the shaking table test method. The similarity theory of silo model test is constructed, and the experimental model of the silo storage foundation interaction system with the geometric ratio of 1:20 is established, where three seismic waves in the suitable engineering background are selected to carry out the shaking table test. The acceleration peak value at different heights of the model is measured, and the dynamic amplification factor of the silo model along the height direction is studied under different seismic intensity and different material condition. The seismic performance of the prototype structure is studied, which provides the theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design of silo system and the operation and management of silos.
Flavin photocatalysis
Authors: König Burkhard , Kümmel Susanne , Svobodová Eva , Cibulka Radek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThanks to rapid development in the last decades, flavins have been recognized as promising photoactive compounds to design new valuable synthetic methodologies based on photoredox catalysis. The review summarizes general photochemical properties of flavins as well as their early applications in transformations mediated by visible light. Special attention has been paid to the catalyst design for benzylic oxidations as well as to recent flavin applications, for example in E/Z-isomerization, [2+2] cycloaddition, cycloelimination, electrophilic chlorination and sulfide oxidation.
A review of the chemical and biological pollutants in indoor air in hospitals and assessing their effects on the health of patients, staff and visitors
Authors: Ghanizadeh Fatemeh , Godini Hatam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Indoor air quality in hospitals has been specifically considered in terms of its impact on health. Air quality is an important risk factor influencing the health of staff and patients who are in contact with indoor air inhaled in hospitals. Over the past two decades, hundreds of studies have been developed to assess pollution in hospital environment. Two hundred and fitfy papers from around the world, from the last two decades, were identified and reviewed. Recent studies have found that the presence of various chemical and biological pollutants affected the health of patients, staff and visitors. Nearly all the reports agree that chemical and biological pollutants in the hospital environment have adverse effects. In most of the reviewed papers, analysis of health hazards was conducted for personnel and patients to toxic metals, chlorine, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5−10) particles, and bio-aerosol in the inhaled air of the hospital environment. Some papers showed that some of the metals are carcinogens and others do not have a carcinogenic risk. Bio-aerosols as a biological pollutant are usually defined as airborne bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen and their by products. These biological pollutants are associated with a wide range of health effects in hospital environments. This review can serve as an introduction and as the statement of the problem for more original research in this regard.
Zur Biogenese der Flavonoide X: Über den Zeitpunkt der Hydroxylierung im Ring B
Authors: Patschke Leni , Grisebach Hans 
Published: August 2018

The question of whether the oxygenation pattern of the B-ring of flavonoids is determined at the cinnamic acid stage or at the stage of a C15-intermediate remains to be solved. 3.4.2′.4′.6′Penta-hydroxychalcone-2′-glucoside-[β-14C] (I) was synthesized and the incorporation of I and of 4.2′.4′.6′ Tetra-hydroxychalcone-2′ glucoside-[β14C] (II) into quercetin and cyanidin in buckwheat seedlings was compared in parallel experiments. The percentage incorporation of II into quercetin was about 35 per cent higher than that of I, whereas the incorporation rates and dilution values of both chalcones into cyanidin were about equal. These findings are discussed in the light of earlier results.
It is concluded that in the case of asters, buckwheat and red cabbage the 3′-hydroxyl group in ring B is in all probability not introduced until after the formation of a chalcone intermediate. These results are compared with those obtained by other workers with different plants.
Untersuchungen über die Abhängigkeit der cytolytischen Wirkung des Lysolecithins von Membranenzymen
Authors: Munder P. G. , Ferber E. , Fischer H. 
Published: August 2018

The cytolytic activity of lysolecithin (LL) has been found to be dependent on lysophosphatidespecific enzymes in the cell membrane. The present report deals especially with the analyses of an acyltransferase (LL → lecithin) and of a phospholipase B (LL → glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) in various cells. It was found that changes in the enzyme activities — as mediated by changes of temperature, of pH, by enzyme inhibitors, or by sensitization of cells with antibody and components of complement — at the same time cause changes of the cytolytic activity of LL. The enhanced LL-cytolysis at reduced temperatures, as well as after addition of p-chloro-mercuri-benzoate (PMB), can accordingly be explained by the inhibition of lysophosphatide-specific enzyme (s) in a way that LL will consequently be of enhanced and/or prolonged action. The PMB-inhibited enzymes can be reactivated by cysteine and concomitantly the extent of LL-cytolysis is reduced.
With the aid of C14-lysolecithin it was demonstrated that the concentration of ATP and coenzyme A in the cell is of prime influence in the dynamics of LL, which either will be transformed into membrane-fixed lecithin — and thus additionally stabilizing the cell — or will be degraded to glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline. This regulating mechanism would explain the different sensitivity of fresh and aged cells towards LL-lysis.
The described experiments were done with erythrocytes. Preliminary experiments suggest that the same mechanism occurs also in nucleated cells and in bacteria.
In view of the lysolecithin theory of complement-mediated cytolysis (FISCHER and HAUPT) the relative activity of lysophosphatide-specific enzymes in cell membranes offers a possible explanation for the different sensitivity of many types of cells towards lysis by complement. On the basis of these results, the significance of lysophosphatides as regulators of hemo- and cytodynamics, as postulated in the thirties by BERGENHEM and FAHRAEUS, is again underlined.
Evidence for the Involvement of the Na+-K+-ATPase in the Mechanism of Axonal Protein and Nucleoside Transport
Authors: Wolburg Hartwig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
[3H] Proline and [3H] uridine were injected into both eyes of the goldfish. 1 h before and after this injection 3 × 10-6 м ouabain was administrated unilaterally to the retina. 8 h and 24 h after tracer injection the radioactivity in the retina, optic nerve and tectum was measured. It is suggested that the inhibition of the neuronal Na+-K+-ATPase inside the retina is responsible for the reduction of the labelled material transported into the optic nerve.
Einfluß von DCMU auf die Bildung von Lipiden und Fettsäuren und auf die Ultrastruktur von Euglena gracilis / Influence of DCMU on the Formation of Lipids and Fatty Acids, and on the Ultrastructure of Euglena gracilis
Authors: Göbel Edward , Riessner Ruth , Pohl Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Euglena gracilis Klebs (strain Z) was grown heterotrophically in the dark for 6 days. Subsequently, the cells were grown photoautotrophically under white fluorescent light with varying amounts of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1dimethyl urea (DCMU) (1.7 × 10-9-1.0 × 10-5mol/1) added to the nutrient medium. Under non-photosynthetic conditions (addition of 10-6 -10-5 mol DCMU/1), the cells still produced chloroplast structures and a considerable percentage of compounds typical for chloroplasts, such as galactolipids (40-50%), chlorophylls (40%), and polyunsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids (16:2, 16:3, 16:4, 18:2, 18:3) (65%). The results indicate that under these conditions the above compounds are synthesized from carbon sources outside the chloroplasts.
Formation of Benzoic Acid and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in the Blue Green Alga Anacystis nidulans: A Thylakoid-Bound Enzyme Complex Analogous to the Chloroplast System
Authors: Löffelhardt W. , Kindl H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Membrane-Bound Enzyme Complexes, Anacystis nidulans, Thylakoids, Benzoate Synthase The photosynthetic procaryote Anacystis nidulans converts L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine into benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Results obtained with thylakoid fractions support the hypothesis that the reaction sequence is catalyzed by thylakoid-bound enzyme complexes consisting of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and benzoate synthase or tyrosine ammonia-lyase and p-hydroxybenzoate synthase, respectively. Both complexes do not accept phenylacetic acids as substrates, and cinnamic acids only at a small extent. These properties suggest a striking similarity to a benzoic acid-synthesizing enzyme system from higher plants which is situated at the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The respective complexes of Dunaliella marina and Porphyridium sp. were included in this comparison.
Fusion of Isolated Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes
Authors: Stromer Marvin , Hasselbadh Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) vesicles from rabbit muscle were suspended in 1.5 - 5% glycerol solutions and were pelleted onto aluminum foil disks in a modified centrifuge tube. Examination of these pellets in the electron microscope after drying for 2 - 2.5, 4 - 5.5, and 21 hours revealed a progression of changes. First, distances between individual, round vesicles decreases. Next, somewhat flattened vesicles establish limited areas of contact with adjacent vesicles. Finally, vesicle fusion occurs and extended areas of double bilayers are formed. A water loss-time interaction appears to be needed for the fusion process. A Hg-phenyl azoferritin com­ pound was used as a marker to identify intra- and extra-vesicular space in the fused samples.
Quantitative measurements of birefringence during imbibition of pellet slices in a graded series of glycerol solutions indicates a steadily increasing amount of birefringence until 60 - 80% glycerol (η = 1.41 -1.43) is readied. The plateau seen in this part of the curve is again followed by steadily increasing birefringence at higher glycerol concentrations. This interruption in the birefringence curve is presumably due to a matching of the refractive indices of the glycerol solution and a lipid component in the membranes.