bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination of WNT signaling and ciliogenesis during odontogenesis by piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1
Authors: Miyazaki Aya , Sugimoto Asuna , Yoshizaki Keigo , Kawarabayashi Keita , Iwata Kokoro , Kurogoushi Rika , Kitamura Takamasa , Otsuka Kunihiro , Hasegawa Tomokazu , Akazawa Yuki , Fukumoto Satoshi , Ishimaru Naozumi , Iwamoto Tsutomu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignal transmission from the mechanical forces to the various intracellular activities is a fundamental process during tissue development. Despite their critical role, the mechanism of mechanical forces in the biological process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that in the response to hydrostatic pressure (HP), the piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) is a primary mechanosensing receptor for odontoblast differentiation through coordination of the WNT expression and ciliogenesis. In stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), HP significantly promoted calcium deposition as well as the expression of odontogenic marker genes, PANX3 and DSPP, and WNT related-genes including WNT5b and WNT16, whereas HP inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced primary cilia expression. WNT signaling inhibitor XAV939 and primary cilia inhibitor chloral hydrate blocked the HP-induced calcium deposition. The PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 inhibited cell proliferation but induced ciliogenesis and WNT16 expression. Interestingly, HP and Yoda1 promoted nuclear translocation of RUNX2, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of PIEZO1 decreased HP-induced nuclear translocation of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that PIEZO1 functions as a mechanotransducer that connects HP signal to the intracellular signalings during odontoblast differentiation.
A modeling algorithm for exploring the architecture and construction of bird nests
Authors: Jessel Hadass R. , Aharoni Lior , Efroni Sol , Bachelet Ido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe wide variety of nest architectural designs exhibited by passerine birds allowed them to diversify into a wide variety of ecological niches and terrestrial habitats. At present, very little is known about the mechanics of building these structures. Digitizing natural biological structures such as bird nests provides the opportunity to explore their structural properties and behavior under specific conditions by means of computational manipulations, simulations, and analyses. This study describes a generic algorithm for the digitization and exploration of complex interlocked bird nests, and validates it on nests built by the Dead-Sea Sparrow (Passer moabiticus) in branches of trees using stiff dry branches. This algorithm takes as input computerized tomographic scans of the nest, identifies and isolates each branch entity within the three-dimensional data, and finally extracts the characteristics of each branch. The result is a reliable three-dimensional digital model of the nest that contains a complete geometric dataset per each of its components, e.g. dimensions and contact points with neighboring components, as well as global properties, e.g. density distribution and network structure. Based on these, we were able to simulate various models of the nest construction process. Altogether, the described algorithm and possible derivatives thereof could be a valuable tool in studying the structure-function relationships of similarly complex biological objects, and may provide further insights into the potential selective mechanisms underlying historical evolution of this distinct nest form.
Biomass waste utilisation in low-carbon products: harnessing a major potential resource
Authors: Tripathi Nimisha , Hills Colin D. , Singh Raj S. , Atkinson Christopher J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increasing demand for food and other basic resources from a growing population has resulted in the intensification of agricultural and industrial activities. The wastes generated from agriculture are a burgeoning problem, as their disposal, utilisation and management practices are not efficient or universally applied. Particularly in developing countries, most biomass residues are left in the field to decompose or are burned in the open, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Similarly, with rapid global urbanisation and the rising demand for construction products, alternative sustainable energy sources and raw material supplies are required. Biomass wastes are an under-utilised source of material (for both energy and material generation), and to date, there has been little activity focussing on a ‘low-carbon’ route for their valorisation. Thus, the present paper attempts to address this by reviewing the global availability of biomass wastes and their potential for use as a feedstock for the manufacture of high-volume construction materials. Although targeted at practitioners in the field of sustainable biomass waste management, this work may also be of interest to those active in the field of carbon emission reductions. We summarise the potential of mitigating CO2 in a mineralisation step involving biomass residues, and the implications for CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) to produce construction products from both solid and gaseous wastes. This work contributes to the development of sustainable value-added lower embodied carbon products from solid waste. The approach will offer reduced carbon emissions and lower pressure on natural resources (virgin stone, soil etc.).
Visualization of subnanometric phonon modes in a plasmonic nano-cavity via ambient tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Balois Maria Vanessa , Hayazawa Norihiko , Yasuda Satoshi , Ikeda Katsuyoshi , Yang Bo , Kazuma Emiko , Yokota Yasuyuki , Kim Yousoo , Tanaka Takuo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhonons provide information on the physicochemical properties of a crystalline lattice from the material’s vibrational spectrum. Optical phonons, in particular, can be probed at both micrometre and nanometre scales using light-based techniques, such as, micro-Raman and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), respectively. Selection rules, however, govern the accessibility of the phonons and, hence, the information that can be extracted about the sample. Herein, we simultaneously observe both allowed and forbidden optical phonon modes of defect-free areas in monolayer graphene to study nanometre scale strain variations and plasmonic activation of the Raman peaks, respectively, using our home-built TERS system in ambient. Through TERS imaging, strain variations and nanometre-sized domains down to 5 nm were visualised with a spatial resolution of 0.7 nm. Moreover, such subnanometric confinement was found to activate not only the D and D’ forbidden phonon modes but also their D + D’ combination mode. With our TERS in ambient system, the full phonon characterisation of defect-free graphene and other 2D nanomaterials is now possible, which will be useful for subnanometre strain analysis and exploring the inherent properties of defect-free materials.
Biochemical and structural characterization of murine GBP7, a guanylate binding protein with an elongated C-terminal tail
Authors: Legewie Larissa , Loschwitz Jennifer , Steffens Nora , Prescher Martin , Wang Xue , Smits Sander H. J. , Schmitt Lutz , Strodel Birgit , Degrandi Daniel , Pfeffer Klaus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) constitute a family of interferon-inducible guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that are key players in host defense against intracellular pathogens ranging from protozoa to bacteria and viruses. So far, human GBP1 and GBP5 as well as murine GBP2 (mGBP2) have been biochemically characterized in detail. Here, with murine GBP7 (mGBP7), a GBP family member with an unconventional and elongated C-terminus is analyzed. The present study demonstrates that mGBP7 exhibits a concentration-dependent GTPase activity and an apparent GTP turnover number of 20 min−1. In addition, fluorescence spectroscopy analyses reveal that mGBP7 binds GTP with high affinity (KD = 0.22 µM) and GTPase activity assays indicate that mGBP7 hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and GMP. The mGBP7 GTPase activity is inhibited by incubation with γ-phosphate analogs and a K51A mutation interfering with GTP binding. SEC-MALS analyses give evidence that mGBP7 forms transient dimers and that this oligomerization pattern is not influenced by the presence of nucleotides. Moreover, a structural model for mGBP7 is provided by homology modeling, which shows that the GTPase possesses an elongated C-terminal (CT) tail compared with the CaaX motif-containing mGBP2 and human GBP1. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this tail has transmembrane characteristics and, interestingly, confocal microscopy analyses reveal that the CT tail is required for recruitment of mGBP7 to the parasitophorous vacuole of Toxoplasma gondii.
The chromogranin A-derived antifungal peptide CGA-N9 induces apoptosis in Candida tropicalis
Authors: Li Ruifang , Chen Chen , Zhang Beibei , Jing Hongjuan , Wang Zichao , Wu Chunling , Hao Pu , Kuang Yong , Yang Minghang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
CGA-N9, a peptide derived from human chromogranin A (CGA), was found to have antimicrobial activity in our previous investigation, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, the mechanism of action of CGA-N9 was investigated. We found that CGA-N9 induced the depolarization of the cell membrane and uptake of calcium ions into the cytosol and mitochondria. With the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Accordingly, we assessed apoptotic processes in Candida tropicalis cells post-treatment with CGA-N9 and found cytochrome c leakage, chromatin condensation and DNA degradation. The interaction of CGA-N9 with DNA in vitro showed that CGA-N9 did not degrade DNA but bound to DNA via an electrostatic interaction. In conclusion, CGA-N9 exhibits antifungal activity by inducing apoptosis in C. tropicalis.
Characterization of mid-infrared polarization due to scattering in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Heese S. , Wolf S. , Brauer R. 
Published: October 2019

Context. It is generally assumed that magnetic fields play an important role in the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks. One way of observationally constraining magnetic fields is to measure polarized emission and absorption produced by magnetically aligned elongated dust grains. The fact that radiation also becomes linearly polarized by light scattering at optical to millimeter wavelengths complicates magnetic field studies.
Aims. We characterize the linear polarization of mid-infrared radiation due to scattering of the stellar radiation and dust thermal re-emission radiation (self-scattering).
Methods. We computed the radial polarization profiles at wavelengths across the N and Q bands for a broad range of circumstellar disk configurations. These simulations served as a basis to analyze the correlations between selected disk parameters and the resulting linear polarization.
Results. We find that the thermal re-emission radiation is stronger than the scattered stellar radiation for disks with inner holes smaller than ~10 au within the considered parameter range. The mid-infrared polarization due to scattering shows several clear trends: for scattered stellar radiation only, the linear polarization degree decreases slightly with increasing radial distance, while it increases with radial distance for thermal re-emission radiation only and for a combination of scattered stellar radiation and thermal re-emission radiation. The linear polarization degree decreases with increasing disk flaring and luminosity of the central star. An increasing inner radius shifts the increase of the linear polarization degree further outside, while a larger scale height increases the linear polarization degree for small radial distances and decreases this degree further outside. For longer wavelengths, i.e., toward the Q band in our study, the linear polarization degree converges more slowly.
Conclusions. We found several clear trends for polarization due to scattering. These trends are the basis to distinguish polarization due to scattering from polarization due to dichroic emission and absorption.
Schwindel, von der Fahreignung mit Führerschein zum
Führerschein ohne Fahreignung: Sind die aktuellen Leitlinien
gerechtfertigt?
Authors: Huppert Doreen , Brandt Thomas 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie seit dem Jahre 2014 gültigen und verpflichtend anzuwendenden
Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Fahreignung von Patienten mit Schwindel und
Gleichgewichtsstörungen (dort „Störungen des Gleichgewichtssinnes“ genannt)
werden kritisch diskutiert. Bei allem Respekt vor der sorgfältigen Arbeit der
Expertenkommission, die die Begutachtungsleitlinien erstellt hat – die
international nicht ihresgleichen haben – halten wir eine Überarbeitung der
geltenden Leitlinien für erforderlich. Die Auflagen für Schwindel und
Gleichgewichtsstörungen sind unserer Ansicht nach aufgrund der langjährigen
Arbeit im Deutschen Schwindel und Gleichgewichtszentrum der LMU München zu
streng und die geforderten beschwerdefreien Intervalle zu lang.Die geltenden Begutachtungsleitlinien schreiben für Fahrer der
Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 („Privatfahrer“) zum Beispiel vor:1) bei M. Menière (Attacken ohne Prodromi) eine Attackenfreiheit von 2 Jahren,
bevor Autofahren wieder möglich ist;2) bei vestibulärer Migräne ohne Prodromi eine Attackenfreiheit von 3 Jahren.Für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklassen Gruppe 1 und 2 („Berufsfahrer“) gilt:3) bei bilateraler Vestibulopathie in der Regel keine Fahreignung;4) bei zentral-vestibulären Schwindelformen bzw. Okulomotorikstörungen wie
Downbeat- oder Upbeat-Nystagmussyndromen ebenfalls in der Regel keine
Fahreignung;5) bei funktionellen (psychogenen) Schwindelformen (z. B. phobischer
Schwankschwindel) ist die Fahreignung für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe
1 nicht gegeben, wenn Schwindel beim Fahren auftritt, für Fahrer der
Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 2 besteht in der Regel keine Fahreignung. Bei vielen
Patienten mit episodischem oder chronischem Schwindel sind jedoch die Symptome
so gering, dass sie die Fahrtüchtigkeit nicht relevant einschränken oder bei
einer Schwindelattacke eine kontrollierte Beendigung des aktiven Fahrens
erlauben. Im Vergleich dazu sind die Auflagen für andere Erkrankungen, die mit
anfallsartigen Kognitions- und Bewusstseinsstörungen einhergehen wie den
Epilepsien, weniger streng (für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1
anfallsfreie Intervalle in Abhängigkeit von der Art bzw. Auslösung des Anfalls 3
Monate bis 1 Jahr), obwohl bei diesen die Fahrtüchtigkeit im Anfall sicher nicht
gegeben ist.
Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte bei oberflächlichen malignen
Tumoren
Authors: Scholz Simone Luisa , Eckstein Anja , Dekowski Dirk , Esser Joachim , Westekemper Henrike , Steuhl Klaus P. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die diagnostischen und therapeutischen
Möglichkeiten bei den häufigsten malignen oberflächlichen Tumoren abgehandelt,
hierzu gehören Basalzellkarzinome, konjunktivale Lymphome,
Plattenepithelkarzinome und maligne Melanome und deren Vorstufen. Entscheidend
für die richtige Diagnostik und Therapie ist eine ausführliche Anamnese,
Spaltlampenuntersuchung und Fotodokumentation des Tumorbefunds. Aber auch
regelmäßige Kontrollen nach erfolgter Therapie sind unabdingbar.Das Basalzellkarzinom ist der häufigste Tumor der periokulären Haut. Histologisch
werden 3 Subtypen (nodulär, superfiziell, Morpheatyp) unterschieden. Eine
vollständige Exzision mit entsprechendem Sicherheitsabstand ist immer
anzustreben.Das Lymphom ist der häufigste maligne primäre Tumor der Augenhöhle und der
okulären Adnexe. Es kann sowohl primär als auch sekundär, im Rahmen einer
lymphatischen Systemerkrankung, als auch ein- oder beidseitig auftreten. Das
MALT-Lymphom (MALT: Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) betrifft am häufigsten
die Konjunktiven mit 20–33 %. Therapeutisch wird standardmäßig eine perkutane
Bestrahlung des Tumors angewandt.Die Plattenepithelkarzinome der Bindehaut und deren Vorstufen (CIN I-III) stellen
ebenfalls eine der häufigsten Tumorentitäten am Auge dar. Eine vollständige
Tumorexzision ist immer anzustreben, jedoch aufgrund der häufig großflächigen
Ausbreitung nicht möglich. Für eine gute Tumorkontrolle sind nach R1-Resektion
daher adjuvante Therapien mit Mitomycin C (MMC) oder eine Radiotherapie mit
Rutheniumapplikator oder Protonenbestrahlung notwendig.Das Bindehautmelanom ist selten, es kann jedoch lebensbedrohlich sein. Die primär
erworbene Melanose (PEM) mit Atypien (PEM I-III) hat je nach Schweregrad ein
erhöhtes Entartungsrisiko, dies macht eine Therapie mit Mitomycin-C-Augentropfen
notwendig. Bei Verdacht auf einen malignen Prozess ist immer eine Exzision
mittels Non-Touch-Technik anzustreben, damit das Streuungsrisiko von Tumorzellen
gering bleibt. Zusätzlich ist, abhängig von Lokalisation und Ausbreitung eines
Melanoms, immer eine adjuvante Therapie mittels Rutheniumapplikator oder
Protonentherapie notwendig.
Smoldering-Divertikulitis – doch eine Form der chronisch-rezidivierenden Divertikulitis mit guter Operationsindikation?
Authors: Rink Andreas D. , Nousinanou Maria Eleni , Hahn Jasmina , Dikermann Michael , Paul Claudia , Vestweber Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfasung
Hintergrund Die Indikation zur elektiven Sigmaresektion bei der rezidivierenden unkomplizierten Divertikulitis wird zurückhaltend gestellt. Eine Sonderform dieser Erkrankungsmanifestation wird im amerikanischen Schrifttum als „Smoldering-Diverticulitis“ (SmD) beschrieben, bei der symptomatische Schübe als Folge einer einem „Schwelbrand“ vergleichbaren persistierenden Entzündung in enger zeitlicher Abfolge auftreten. Das Ziel der Untersuchung bestand in der Evaluation der Sinnhaftigkeit der Operation in dieser Untergruppe.
Methoden Aus einem eigenen Kollektiv von 393 prospektiv erfassten Patienten mit minimalinvasiv intendierter Sigmaresektion bei Divertikulitis wurden 44 Patienten mit dem klinischen Bild einer SmD identifiziert und bezüglich operativer Morbidität und der Lebensqualitätsveränderung (Gastrointestinaler Lebensqualitätsindex (GLQI)) mit einer Gruppe von Patienten mit Operationen wegen perforierter Divertikulitiden verglichen (n = 95).
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine vergleichbare Morbidität der Operation bei kürzeren Operationszeiten in der SmD-Gruppe (159 (65–301) vs. 174 (100–443) Minuten, p = 0,031). Sechs Monate postoperativ fand sich für die SmD-Patienten eine signifikante Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (GLQI 115 (72–143) im Vergleich zur präoperativen Situation (GLQI 98 (56–139), p = 0,018), während sich für die Kontrollgruppe nur ein nicht signifikanter Anstieg der präoperativ weniger reduzierten Lebensqualität zeigte. Fast 80 % der Patienten waren mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei dem klinischen Bild der engmaschig-rezidivierenden (Smoldering-) Divertikulitis eine Operation zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität sinnvoll sein kann.
An insight into Clostridium difficile infection: a single-center retrospective case-control study
Authors: Haddad Fady G. , Zaidan Julie , Polavarapu Abhishek , Khan Hafiz , Khan Asif , Mudduluru Bindu Madhavi , Saabiye Joseph , Lukanovic Slobodanka , Demissie Seleshi , Mulrooney Stephen , Khalil Ambreen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a worldwide health problem in view of its significant incidence and medical and economic impact on the health system. Prior studies have been undergone about risk factors and disease characteristics. We wanted to study the characteristics, prognostic factors associated with CDI at our institute, as well as a new prognostic factor.
Methods Our study aimed at describing the risk factors, patient characteristics, and outcomes associated with healthcare facility–acquired CDI (HCFA-CDI) and community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI). We intended to identify the factors associated with worse outcomes. We evaluated the characteristics associated with CDI over 3 years. We also evaluated a simple neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and its predictive value for worse outcomes.
Results Six hundred patients were enrolled (333 in a control group; 171 in the HCFA-CDI group and 96 in the CA-CDI group). NLR > 5 predicted increased mortality and intensive care unit transfer in all CDI if done as early as day 2 after CDI diagnosis. In HCFA-CDI, NLR > 5 predicted a higher ICU transfer if done as early as day 1 post-diagnosis and with increased mortality as early as day 2 post-diagnosis. In CA-CDI, NLR > 5 predicted a higher mortality and ICU transfer if done at least 4 days after diagnosis. Moreover, every 10-unit increase in NLR was associated with a significant increase in mortality and ICU transfer in patients with CDI.
Conclusion A timely use of NLR can be used as a mean to predict worse outcomes, namely ICU transfer and mortality, in patients with CDI.
Catalyst-Free [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Photochemically Generated Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Li Fang , He Feifei , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: October 2019

The rearrangement reaction of ammonium ylides furnishes valuable α,α-disubstituted amino esters. In this work, we describe the visible-light photolysis reaction of aryldiazoacetates in the presence of tertiary amines that react via a free ammonium ylide in a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction to provide amino esters in moderate to very good yields (33 examples, up to 97% yield).
Evaluation of measurement uncertainty for a high-precision angle comparator with a vacuum preloaded structure
Authors: Xia Yangqiu , Wu Zhilin , Huang Ming , Li Mengyang , Tang Qiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Angle measurement is widely used in various fields of science and technology. With the development of technology, the measurement uncertainty of angle metrology becomes more and more demanding. To achieve high-precision calibration of a high-precision angle comparator with a sub-arc-second level, a method of angle position error calibration and measurement uncertainty evaluation based on no material reference was established. Firstly, the structure of the angle comparator with a vacuum preloaded air bearing driven by an ultrasonic motor drive and the construction of the whole calibration system are briefly introduced. Then, the basic principle, algorithm and error separation principle of angle calibration based on the optical angle measurement method were studied, and the test process is introduced. Finally, the measurement results and error sources were analyzed, the measurement uncertainty model was established and the measurement uncertainty was evaluated. The experimental results show that the high-precision angle comparator with a vacuum preloaded structure has an angle position error of 0.12″ and a measurement uncertainty of 0.05″ (k  =  2). Through many experiments, it is shown that the measurement system has a stable high-precision calibration capability with a sub-arc-second level for circular division artifacts.