bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do practice gaps exist in evidence-based medication prescription at hospital discharge in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery & coronary angioplasty?
Authors: Pereira Pradeep , Kapoor Aditya , Sinha Archana , Agarwal Surendra K , Pande Shantanu , Khanna Roopali , Srivastava Nilesh , Kumar Sudeep , Garg Naveen , Tewari Satyendra , Goel Pravin 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:
Prescription patterns of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) after coronary artery bypass surgery [coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)] and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at hospital discharge are often not optimal. In view of scarce data from the developing world, a retrospective analysis of medication advice to patients following CABG and PCI was conducted.

Methods:
Records of 5948 patients (post-PCI: 5152, post-CABG: 796) who underwent revascularization from 2010 to 2014 at a single tertiary care centre in north India were analyzed.

Results:
While age and gender distributions were similar, diabetes and stable angina were more frequent in CABG group. Prescription rates for aspirin 100 per cent versus 98.2 per cent were similar, while beta-blockers (BBs, 95.2 vs 90%), statins (98.2 vs 91.6%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (89.4 vs 41.4%), nitrates (51.2 vs 1.1%) and calcium channel blockers (6.6 vs 1.6%) were more frequently prescribed following PCI. Despite similar baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (48.1 vs 51.1%), diuretics were prescribed almost universally post-CABG (98.2 vs 10.9%, P<0.001). Nearly all (94.4%) post-CABG patients received a prescription for clopidogrel. Patients undergoing PCI were much more likely to receive higher statin dose; 40-80 mg atorvastatin (72 vs <1%, P<0.001) and a higher dose of BB.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Significant differences in prescription of GDMT between PCI and CABG patients existed at hospital discharge. A substantial proportion of post-CABG patients did not receive BB and/or statins. These patients were also less likely to receive high-dose statin or optimal BB dose and more likely to routinely receive clopidogrel and diuretics. Such deviations from GDMT need to be rectified to improve quality of cardiac care after coronary revascularization.
Cedrus deodara
Authors: Narayan Shyam , Thakur Chandreshwar Prasad , Bahadur Shiv , Thakur Meenakshi , Pandey Shashi Nath , Thakur Ajit Kumar , Mitra Dipendra K. , Mukherjee Pulok K. 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:
The existing antileishmanial drugs for complete cure of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) are limited. The available drugs are either toxic or less effective leading to disease relapse or conversion to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Several herbal extracts have been shown to have antileishmanial activity, but a herbal drug may not always be safe. In the present study, the extract of Cedrus deodara leaves has been standardized and tested for immunomodulatory antileishmanial activities.

Methods:
The extracts of C. deodara leaves with different solvents such as benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were made by soxhlation process. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure and temperature using rotary evaporator. The antileishmanial bioassay test was performed with in vitro maintained parasites. Immunomodulatory activity of different extracts was tested by flow cytometry. Standardization of the effective fraction was performed with Linalool as a marker compound through reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
The extract with the use of benzene solvent showed strong antileishmanial activities within a dose 25-200 μg/ml culture with non-significant haemolytic activities and significant immunomodulant activities against the host cells. Linalool was found to be 1.29 per cent in the effective extract of C. deodara.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The antileishmanial activity of C. deodara, as assessed by bioassay testing on Leishmania donovani parasites and immunomodulatory effect of benzene extract of leaves on host cells indicated that it might be a potential new safe therapeutic target to cure the visceral leishmaniasis.
Carbide Fragmentation and Dissolution in a High-Carbon High-Chromium Steel Using Hot Rolling Process: Microstructure Evolution, Wear, High-Temperature Oxidation, and Chloride-Induced Corrosion Properties
Authors: Shahsanaei Majid , Pour-Ali Sadegh , Kiani-Rashid Ali-Reza , Virtanen Sannakaisa 
Published: April 2018

A series of hot rolling processes with different reduction percentages (10%, 30%, and 50%) were applied to a high-carbon high-chromium tool steel (2HCTS). Microstructural evolutions, wear behavior, high-temperature oxidation, and aqueous corrosion properties were investigated. The results revealed the breakage and dissolution of primary carbides and a uniform carbide distribution after the hot rolling process. It was proposed that the presence of higher amounts of dissolved chromium in the hot rolled samples leads to the formation of Cr-rich oxides with more protection and less porosity at high temperatures, as well as an improved corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This improvement in the corrosion behavior is not at the expense of the degradation of wear resistance. Probable mechanisms for carbides dissolution are also discussed.
Genetic parameters for longitudinal behavior and health indicator traits generated in automatic milking systems
Authors: Santos Laura Viviana , Brügemann Kerstin , Ebinghaus Asja , König Sven 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Genetic (co)variance components were estimated for alternative functional traits generated by automatic milking systems (AMSs), and reflecting dairy cow behavior and health. Data recording spanned a period of 30 days and included 70 700 observations (visits to the AMS) from 922 Holstein cows kept in three German farms. The three selected farms used the same type of AMS and specific selection gates allowing “natural cow behavior on a voluntary basis”. AMS traits used as behavior indicator traits were AMS visits per cow and day as binary traits, with a threshold for equal to or greater than three visits (VIS3) and equal to or greater than four visits (VIS4), knocking off the milking device with a threshold of at least one udder quarter, also as a binary trait (KO), milking duration of each AMS visit in minutes (DUR), average milk flow in kg min−1 (AMF), and the interval between two consecutive milkings (INT). Electrical conductivity (EC) of milk from each udder quarter and in total was used as a health indicator trait. For genetic analyses, in univariate and bivariate models, linear and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with a logit link function were applied to Gaussian distributed and binary traits, respectively. The heritability was 0.08 ± 0.03 for VIS3, 0.05 ± 0.05 for VIS4, 0.03 ± 0.03 for KO, 0.19 ± 0.07 for DUR, 0.25 ± 0.07 for AMF, and 0.07 ± 0.03 for INT. Heritabilities for EC varied between 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.46 ± 0.09, depending on the udder quarter. On the genetic scale, an increased number of AMS visits (VIS3 and VIS4) were associated with an increase of KO (rg= 0.24 and rg= 0.55, respectively). From a genetic perspective, high-milk-yielding cows visited the AMS more often (rg= 0.49 for VIS3 and rg= 0.80 for VIS4), had a faster AMF (rg= 0.40), and shorter INT (rg= −0.51). When considering these traits as behavior indicator traits, selection of cows with desired temperament simultaneously increases milk yield. An increase of automatically and objectively recorded AMS traits with moderate heritabilities justifies modifications of dairy cattle breeding goals towards higher emphasis on behavioral traits, especially when developing specific robot indices. Nevertheless, ongoing research in this regard with a larger data is suggested in order to validate the results from the present pilot study.
On wake modeling, wind-farm gradients, and AEP predictions at the Anholt wind farm
Authors: Peña Alfredo , Schaldemose Hansen Kurt , Ott Søren , van der Laan Maarten Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We investigate wake effects at the
Anholt offshore wind farm in Denmark, which is a farm experiencing strong
horizontal wind-speed gradients because of its size and proximity to land.
Mesoscale model simulations are used to study the horizontal wind-speed
gradients over the wind farm. From analysis of the mesoscale simulations and
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), we show that for westerly flow in particular, there is a clear
horizontal wind-speed gradient over the wind farm. We also use the mesoscale
simulations to derive the undisturbed inflow conditions that are coupled with
three commonly used wake models: two engineering approaches (the Park and G. C. Larsen models) and a linearized Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach
(Fuga). The effect of the horizontal wind-speed gradient on annual energy
production estimates is not found to be critical compared to estimates from
both the average undisturbed wind climate of all turbines' positions and the
undisturbed wind climate of a position in the middle of the wind farm.
However, annual energy production estimates can largely differ when using
wind climates at positions that are strongly influenced by the horizontal
wind-speed gradient. When looking at westerly flow wake cases, where the
impact of the horizontal wind-speed gradient on the power of the undisturbed
turbines is largest, the wake models agree with the SCADA fairly well; when
looking at a southerly flow case, where the wake losses are highest, the wake
models tend to underestimate the wake loss. With the mesoscale-wake model
setup, we are also able to estimate the capacity factor of the wind farm
rather well when compared to that derived from the SCADA. Finally, we
estimate the uncertainty of the wake models by bootstrapping the SCADA. The
models tend to underestimate the wake losses (the median relative model error
is 8.75 %) and the engineering wake models are as uncertain as Fuga. These
results are specific for this wind farm, the available dataset, and the
derived inflow conditions.
The Impact of Out‐of‐Stocks and Supply Chain Design on Manufacturers: Insights from an Agent‐Based Model
Authors: Rosales Claudia , Whipple Judith M. , Blackhurst Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn today's competitive environment, consumers have high expectations regarding product availability. Out‐of‐stock (OOS) occurrences can have a detrimental impact to both retailers and manufacturers in terms of lost sales as well as reduced consumer loyalty. In this article, we investigate the impact of repeated OOS occurrences under different supply chain design scenarios, which mix the channel replenishment strategy with the inventory responsibility for in‐store shelf management on the retailer versus on the manufacturer. We frame our agent‐based simulation to examine the change in manufacturer's market share that results from OOS scenarios not only under different supply chain distribution scenarios (i.e., traditional versus direct store delivery or DSD), but also with different consumer preference characteristics (i.e., high and low brand loyalty) and varied levels of demand. The agent‐based simulation allows us to examine the impact of consumer learning under repeated OOS situations. Our results provide new insights for manufacturers regarding repeated supply chain OOS situations.
The concentration of sialic acid in acute and chronic pancreatic diseases
Authors: Gruszewska Ewa , Chrostek Lech , Kędra Bogusław 
Published: April 2018

The alteration of glycoprotein and glicolipids sialylation can cause increase in the serum concentration of sialic acid during the different pathological processes, including cancers and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the concentration of sialic acids in the serum of patients with pancreatic diseases. It has been shown a significant increase in the concentration of TSA, LSA and FSA in all pancreatic diseases in comparison to the healthy subjects, except the LSA in chronic pancreatitis. In contrast to the FSA, the TSA and LSA concentrations were significantly different between pancreatic diseases. There were no differences in sialic acids concentration according to the location of tumors in the pancreas and the severity of cancer. All sialic acids have a high diagnostic power in primary pancreatic cancers. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of LSA in cancers were comparable to that of CA19-9. These results indicate a possibility of TSA, LSA and FSA using in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Among sialic acids, LSA has the greatest usefulness in the diagnosis and differentiation of pancreatic diseases. Its concentration can be useful in differentiating between pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. The high diagnostic power of LSA, comparable with CA19-9, suggest the possibility of its use as a non-specific marker of pancreatic cancer.
Modulation of neurogenesis and selected neuropeptides expression in the hypothalamus of rats exposed to neuroleptic
Authors: Rojczyk Ewa , Pałasz Artur 
Published: April 2018

Patients treated with neuroleptics suffer from significant weight gain. Hypothalamus consists of neuronal circuits responsible for food intake regulation. Moreover, last finding suggest that adult neurogenesis occurs in the hypothalamus, which could play a role in the energy expenditure control. Considering that neuroleptics affect neural formation in the canonical neurogenic sites, we made a hypothesis that they could modulate hypothalamic neurogenesis and change expression of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides and their receptors. Experiments were carried out on adult male rats injected intraperitoneally for 1 or 28 days by the neuroleptics: olanzapine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Hypothalami were isolated in order to perform RT-PCR reaction and also whole brains were sliced for immunohistochemical assay. We observed that antipsychotics administered chronically supported the origin of newborn cells (Ki67 +) in the hypothalamic regions and affect the number of DCX-positive immature neurons. Furthermore, they have a distinct ability to upregulate preproorexin and orexin A expression and to increase the level of some anorexigenic factors (POMC, α-MSH), at the same time strongly decreasing nesfatin-1 signalling. Our results highlight the role of neuroleptics as potential modulators of the hypothalamic neurogenesis and contribute to better understanding the mechanisms of their side effects. They also underline the complexity of interplay between monoamine receptors, hypothalamic peptidergic pathways and adult neurogenesis which has putative but possible pharmacological applications.
Ideové základy a niektoré obsahové črty rakúskej ústavy z roku 1934
Authors: Drgo Ján 
Published: April 2018

Článok sa zameriava na analýzu spoločenských, politických, ale predovšetkým ideových východísk rakúskej ústavy z roku 1934 založených na kritike parlamentnej demokracie a liberalizmu. Spomedzi jednotlivých ideových východísk ústavy kladie osobitný dôraz na autoritatívny princíp prejavujúci sa v organizácii a pomere medzi zákonodarnou a výkonnou mocou v ústave. Práve tento pomer je totiž základným indikačným kritériom, na základe ktorého možno zistiť, či koncepcia rakúskej ústavy predstavovala akési východisko medzi parlamentnou demokraciou na strane jednej a totalitnými systémami na strane druhej alebo naopak uľahčovala nástup určitej formy autokracie či diktatúry.
K niektorých zásadám trestného stíhania právnických osôb v Slovenskej republike
Authors: Šimovček Ivan 
Published: April 2018

Autor sa v príspevku zaoberá problematikou zásad trestného stíhania právnických osôb, ktoré garantujú jeho zákonnosť. Zásady upravené v procesných ustanoveniach Zákona o trestnej zodpovednosti právnických osôb upravujú zásady trestného stíhania právnických osôb len veľmi všeobecne a rámcovo a daný zákon sa plne spolieha na jednotlivé procesné zásady obsiahnuté v ustanoveniach Trestného poriadku. Predpokladané výkladové a aplikačné problémy spojené s trestným stíhaním právnických osôb nepochybne vyvolajú v budúcnosti potrebu podrobnejšej úpravy procesných zásad trestného stíhania právnických osôb, predovšetkým v problematike začatia trestného stíhania a dokazovania ich trestnej činnosti.
Changements enregistrés sur les extrêmes hydrologiques de l’Oubangui à Bangui (République centrafricaine) : analyse des tendances
Authors: Nguimalet Cyriaque Rufin 
Published: April 2018

Principal affluent septentrional du Congo, l’Oubangui à Bangui a un bassin transfrontalier, s’étendant en RDC (République démocratique du Congo) sur 499 000 km2. Quatre variantes du climat tropical humide influencent son régime selon un gradient pluviométrique sud-nord (1 600-1 000 mm) mais la soudano-guinéenne prédomine sur la majeure partie du bassin. Cet article caractérise les fluctuations des débits (Q) extrêmes (crues et étiages) de l’Oubangui et les tendances enregistrées dans le temps, au regard de la variabilité hydrologique notée depuis 1971. Des données de débits moyens journaliers extrêmes, maximum (Qmax) et minimum (Qmin) sur la période 1911-2014, ont été utilisées. Des tests statistiques (indices d’irrégularité R, recherches des tendances et changements de dates d’apparition des crues et étiages, etc.) leur ont été appliqués pour identifier parmi les périodes hydroclimatiques dans le bassin de l’Oubangui, laquelle détermine l’instabilité et/ou la stabilité du régime de ces extrêmes hydrologiques. Ainsi, les Qmax et Qmin ont connu une période de stabilité grossière, relayée par une baisse relativement plus sévère sur les Qmin (R = 0,64) que sur les Qmax (R = 0,56). Cette tendance est confirmée sur l’évolution du coefficient A (R = 0,56), alors que les indices d’irrégularité R ordinaire (R = 0,51) et décennal (R = 0,83), et le coefficient de tarissement (R = 0,59) présentent des degrés relatifs de hausse ou de sécheresse hydrologique sur l’Oubangui à Bangui. La corrélation Qmax/Qmin montre une tendance moyenne à la hausse (R = 0,51), laquelle ferait noter que la faible réduction des Qmax équilibre la baisse accentuée des Qmin. En effet, cette dégradation hydrologique est diversement notable sur l’Oubangui : 16 % de réduction sur les Qmax depuis 1975 contre 47 % sur les Qmin depuis 1982. Ceci confirme en outre l’ampleur de la sécheresse actuelle, tarissant ou disparaissant de sous-affluents. Aussi, les dates de crue sont elles passées d’octobre (1911-2014) à novembre (1971-2014) et celles d’étiage de mars-avril (1911-2014) à avril (1971-2014). Les crues d’inondation se réduisent aussi au profit des crues moyennes et des étiages de plus en plus prononcés. Cela est établi par les ruptures (segmentation de Hubert) montrant une baisse sur les Qmax (R = 0,84) et Qmin (R = 0,81). Dans ce contexte, une exacerbation de ces tendances positives ou négatives (baisse des crues et étiages, et/ou sévérité des étiages) engendrera de notables impacts sociétaux à Bangui et le long de ce corridor fluvial.
The Research on Biased Estimators Based on Mean Square Error Matrix Criteria
Authors: YILDIZ Nilgün 
Published: April 2018

Regression models with
multicollinearity can be tackled by using various estimators such as class estimators, principal
components regression, Liu-type estimators. In this study, we defined
conditions where the class estimator is superior over
the biased estimators in terms of mean square error matrix (MSEM) criterion.
Finally, we showed theoretical results by means of a numerical example and a
simulation study.
Applying foliar stoichiometric traits of plants to determine fertilization for a mixed pine-oak stand in the Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: Hou Lin , Dong Zhenjie , Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Donghong , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Shuoxin 
Published: April 2018

Background
The Chinese Natural Forest Protection program has been conducted nationwide and has achieved resounding success. However, timber importation has increased; therefore, producing more domestic timber is critical to meet the demand for raw materials. Fertilization is one of the most effective silviculture practices used to improve tree and stand growth. However, determining the appropriate type and amount of elements is necessary for effective fertilization of big timber in different forest types and environmental conditions. Stoichiometric theory provides the criteria to assess nutrient limitation in plants and offers important insight into fertilizer requirements of forested ecosystems.

Methods
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in plants’ leaves, mineral soil, and litter were investigated in a mixed pine-oak stand.

Results
The big timber rate for Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus armandii and Quercus aliena var. acutesserata is 57.71%, 22.79% and 2.78% of current existing individuals respectively. Foliar N and P concentrations were 9.08 and 0.88 mg g−1, respectively. The N:P in the plants was 10.30. N concentration and N:P in mineral soil decreased from 0–30 cm soil depth. For litter, N and P concentrations were 16.89 and 1.51 mg g−1, respectively, and N:P was 11.51. Concentrations of N and P in mineral soil and litter did not significantly affect plants’leaf concentrations. Similar result was also obtained between litter and mineral soil concentrations. Nitrogen storage in mineral soil was significantly correlated with foliar N:P in the plants.

Discussion
Foliar N:P of dominant tree species and the plants, and foliar N concentration in Pinus tabuliformis and P. armandii, and foliar P concentration of P. armandii in the mixed pine-oak stand was lower than that in Chinese and other terrestrial plants. Foliar nutrients in the plants were not affected by soil nutrients. According to the criteria of nutrient limitation for plants, growth of dominant tree species was N limited; therefore, 1.49 t ha−1 pure N should be added to forest land to as fertilizer.
Eight-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy with surgical stripping of the great saphenous vein
Authors: Lam Y L , Lawson J A , Toonder I M , Shadid N H , Sommer A , Veenstra M , van der Kleij A M J , Ceulen R P , de Haan E , Ibrahim F , van Dooren T , Nieman F H , Wittens C H A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
This was an 8-year follow-up of an RCT comparing ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) with high ligation and surgical stripping (HL/S) of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

Methods
Patients were randomized to UGFS or HL/S of the GSV. The primary outcome was the recurrence of symptomatic GSV reflux. Secondary outcomes were patterns of reflux according to recurrent varices after surgery, Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D™) quality-of-life scores.

Results
Of 430 patients originally randomized (230 UGFS, 200 HL/S), 227 (52·8 per cent; 123 UGFS, 103 HL/S) were available for analysis after 8 years. The proportion of patients free from symptomatic GSV reflux at 8 years was lower after UGFS than HL/S (55·1 versus 72·1 per cent; P = 0·024). The rate of absence of GSV reflux, irrespective of venous symptoms, at 8 years was 33·1 and 49·7 per cent respectively (P = 0·009). More saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) failure (65·8 versus 41·7 per cent; P = 0·001) and recurrent reflux in the above-knee GSV (72·5 versus 20·4 per cent; P = 0·001) was evident in the UGFS group. The VCSS was worse than preoperative scores in both groups after 8 years; CEAP classification and EQ-5D® scores were similar in the two groups.

Conclusion
Surgical stripping had a technically better outcome in terms of recurrence of GSV and SFJ reflux than UGFS in the long term. Long-term follow-up suggests significant clinical progression of venous disease measured by VCSS in both groups, but less after surgery. Registration number: NCT02304146 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).