bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spino-pelvic radiological parameters in normal Indian population
Authors: Singh Roop , Yadav Sushil Kumar , Sood Sushma , Yadav Rohtas Kumar , Rohilla Ravi 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: There is increasing emphasis on the sagittal spino-pelvic alignment and its interpretation is of critical importance in the management of spinal disorders. A cross-sectional study of several spino-pelvic radiographic parameters was conducted to determine the physiological values of these parameters, to calculate the variations of these parameters according to epidemiological data, and to study the relationships among these parameters.

Material and method: Fifty normal healthy volunteers (29 males and 21 females) with no history of back pain were selected and were subjected to standing sagittal spino-pelvic radiographs. All the measurements of various radiographic parameters were performed with use of a software program. A statistical analysis was done to study the relationships among them.

Results: The mean values of pelvic incidence (PI) and lumbar Lordosis Angle (LLA) were 48.52 ± 8.99 and 58.78 ± 9.51, respectively. There was statistical difference between male and female parameters in LLA, lumbo-sacral angle (LSA), sacral horizontal angle (SHA), sacral inclination angle (SIA), sacropelvic angle (PRS1), pelvisacral angle (PSA), and PI. A majority of parameters had higher values for female subjects when compared to male subjects. PI was positively correlated with LLA, pelvic angle (PA), pelvic overhang (PO), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrofemoral distance (SFD), SHA, and sacropelvic translation (SPT), which were highly significant, whereas LLA was positively correlated with SHA and SIA only. PI and LLA were both negatively correlated with PSA, pelvic thickness (PTH), and PRS1.

Conclusions: This study presents the various spino-pelvic radiographic parameter values of a sample of the normal asymptomatic Indian population. There was significant difference in radiographic parameters between males and females in about half of the parameters studied in the sample. The values obtained are comparable with the values presented as normal in the literature. A comparison of the study results with data published about other populations revealed no differences in any of the pelvic parameters between the Indian, Brazilian, and Korean populations.
Arterial Stiffness Response to Regular Aerobic Training in Hypercholesterolemia Patients
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Zhao Jiasheng , Cao Yang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhysical exercise increase is confirmed as a fundamental treatment for hypercholesterolemia patients, but the effect on the arterial stiffness and oxidative stress is still unclear. 74 hypercholesterolemia patients were divided into 2 groups. The exercise group received dietary recommendations and a 3-month exercise program, prescribed according to their first cardiopulmonary exercise tests(CPET), while the control group only received dietary recommendations. All patients underwent blood tests, CPET and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) studies at enrollment and at 3 months’ follow-up. At the end of 3 months, there was no change in total cholesterol (TC) level in either group. However, in the exercise group, we found maximal exercise parameters increased and baPWV values declined. Meanwhile, there were significant changes in the level of malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane-F2α and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the change of baPWV was positively correlated with the change of 8-isoprostane-F2α (r=0.36, P<0.01). In the control group, no change in baPWV or oxidative biomarker was observed. Our findings suggested that regular aerobic exercise could lessen arterial stiffness in hypercholesterolemia patients, even in the context of no obvious TC decrease. During this process, favorable adjustment in oxidative stress might be an important pathway, which remains to be further explored.
Revealing the specificity of regulatory T cells in murine autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Spence Allyson , Purtha Whitney , Tam Janice , Dong Shen , Kim Youmin , Ju Chia-Hsin , Sterling Teague , Nakayama Maki , Robinson William H. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Anderson Mark S. , Tang Qizhi 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Tissue antigen-specific Tregs are critical for the prevention of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, yet very little is known about their specificity in a natural repertoire. Here, we show an accumulation of antigen-experienced Tregs in the inflamed islets using a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. MHC tetramer staining and single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) analyses of islet Tregs reveal their specificity for insulin and other islet-derived antigens. Tregs from inflamed islets prevent diabetes when transferred to diabetes-susceptible recipients. The identification of functional islet antigen-specific Tregs with distinct TCR usage paves the way for future investigations of their development and homeostasis to better understand pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
Habitat degradation negatively affects auditory settlement behavior of coral reef fishes
Authors: Gordon Timothy A. C. , Harding Harry R. , Wong Kathryn E. , Merchant Nathan D. , Meekan Mark G. , McCormick Mark I. , Radford Andrew N. , Simpson Stephen D. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Climate change is causing widespread damage to the world’s tropical coral reefs, via increases in cyclones and mass bleaching. Healthy populations of reef fishes facilitate recovery from such events, and recruitment of juvenile fish is influenced by acoustic cues that guide larval orientation, habitat selection, and settlement to reefs. Our matched recordings of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef before and after recent severe degradation demonstrate major changes to natural reef sound. In field experiments using these recordings, we show the potential impact of such acoustic changes. Postdegradation reef sounds were less attractive to young fishes than their predegradation equivalents. Reductions in fish settlement, caused by acoustic changes, may threaten the recovery potential of degraded coral reefs.
Earth’s magnetic field is probably not reversing
Authors: Brown Maxwell , Korte Monika , Holme Richard , Wardinski Ingo , Gunnarson Sydney 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Earth’s magnetic field is generated in Earth’s convecting liquid iron outer core and protects Earth’s surface from harmful solar radiation. The field has varied on different timescales throughout geological history, and these variations reflect changes deep within the Earth. Two of the field’s most extreme variations are reversals and excursions. During such events, the strength of the field decreases and the magnetic poles rapidly flip polarity, with reversals characterized by the pole retaining an opposite polarity, while excursions are marked by a return to the original polarity. Field strength over the past centuries has also been decreasing strongly; however, through analyzing previous excursions, we infer that Earth’s magnetic field is not in an early stage of a reversal or excursion.
Catalytic amino acid production from biomass-derived intermediates
Authors: Deng Weiping , Wang Yunzhu , Zhang Sui , Gupta Krishna M. , Hülsey Max J. , Asakura Hiroyuki , Liu Lingmei , Han Yu , Karp Eric M. , Beckham Gregg T. , Dyson Paul J. , Jiang Jianwen , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Wang Ye , Yan Ning 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Today, amino acids are primarily manufactured via microbial cultivation processes, which are costly, are time consuming, and require extensive separations processes. As an alternative, chemocatalytic approaches to produce amino acids from renewable feedstocks such as bio-based sugars could offer a rapid and potentially more efficient means of amino acid synthesis, but efforts to date have been limited by the development of facile chemistry and associated catalyst materials to selectively produce α-amino acids. In this work, various α-amino acids, including alanine, leucine, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine, were obtained from both biomass-derived α-hydroxyl acids and glucose. The route bridges plant-based biomass and proteinogenic α-amino acids, offering a chemical approach that is potentially superior to microbial cultivation processes.
Ribosome protection by antibiotic resistance ATP-binding cassette protein
Authors: Su Weixin , Kumar Veerendra , Ding Yichen , Ero Rya , Serra Aida , Lee Benjamin Sian Teck , Wong Andrew See Weng , Shi Jian , Sze Siu Kwan , Yang Liang , Gao Yong-Gui 
Published: April 2018

Significance
ARE ABC-F genes have been found in numerous pathogen genomes and multi-drug resistance conferring plasmids. Further transmission will challenge the clinical use of many antibiotics. The development of improved ribosome-targeting therapeutics relies on the elucidation of the resistance mechanisms. Characterization of MsrE protein bound to the bacterial ribosome is first of its kind for ARE ABC-F members. Together with biochemical data, it sheds light on the ribosome protection mechanism by domain linker-mediated conformational change and displacement leading to drug release, suggesting a mechanism shared by other ARE ABC-F proteins. These proteins present an intriguing example of structure-function relationship and a medically relevant target of study as they collectively mediate resistance to the majority of antibiotic classes targeting the peptidyl-transferase center region.
La servante au grand cœur…(poème C desFleurs du Mal)
Authors: Dominicy Marc 
Published: April 2018

RésuméA linguistic and genetic study ofLa servante au grand cœur…(inLes Fleurs du Mal) shows that Baudelaire endeavoured to attribute a complex network of emotive and/or hallucinatory mental states to the poetic self by resorting to a rich inventory of formal and expressive devices: syntax and its interface with meter; the deontic and evidential readings of the modal verbdevoir; pragmatic connectives (pourtant,certes); evaluative items (the verbtrouver, the adverbbien, the prepositionàintroducing an infinitival clause); the intertextual dimension of the poetic lexicon; contrasts between elevated and everyday language. The analysis provided paves the way to an integrated interpretation of the poem and definitely refutes Valéry’s and Benjamin’s comments on its first two verses.
A Bayesian hidden Potts mixture model for analyzing lung cancer pathology images
Authors: Li Qiwei , Wang Xinlei , Liang Faming , Yi Faliu , Xie Yang , Gazdar Adi , Xiao Guanghua 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Digital pathology imaging of tumor tissues, which captures histological details in high resolution, is fast becoming a routine clinical procedure. Recent developments in deep-learning methods have enabled the identification, characterization, and classification of individual cells from pathology images analysis at a large scale. This creates new opportunities to study the spatial patterns of and interactions among different types of cells. Reliable statistical approaches to modeling such spatial patterns and interactions can provide insight into tumor progression and shed light on the biological mechanisms of cancer. In this article, we consider the problem of modeling a pathology image with irregular locations of three different types of cells: lymphocyte, stromal, and tumor cells. We propose a novel Bayesian hierarchical model, which incorporates a hidden Potts model to project the irregularly distributed cells to a square lattice and a Markov random field prior model to identify regions in a heterogeneous pathology image. The model allows us to quantify the interactions between different types of cells, some of which are clinically meaningful. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques, combined with a double Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, in order to simulate samples approximately from a distribution with an intractable normalizing constant. The proposed model was applied to the pathology images of $205$ lung cancer patients from the National Lung Screening trial, and the results show that the interaction strength between tumor and stromal cells predicts patient prognosis (P = $0.005$). This statistical methodology provides a new perspective for understanding the role of cell–cell interactions in cancer progression.
Death of a Polemicist: Honour and Calumny in Early Modern European Religious Debate
Authors: Cohen Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article proposes a novel interpretation of printed religious polemic in the context of European religious struggle in the Age of Reformations. While recent scholarship has underscored the virulence with which controversialists waged their doctrinal debates, I argue that such work has not yet acknowledged the structuring, autonomous role played by honour in religious polemic. To this end, I consider the case of Guillaume de Reboul, a Protestant-turned-Catholic polemicist who left France to take up service in the Roman Curia, before his arrest and execution under mysterious circumstances. First, I argue that the vocabularies of honour and calumny with which polemicists such as Reboul fashioned their texts played a role at least as important as that of theology, providing the motors which drove debates forward and many of the rules of the polemical game. Secondly, I consider Reboul’s writings as tactical moves in a broader strategy of personal, professional and confessional advancement. As Reboul’s case illustrates, writing was only one weapon among many in the polemical arsenal, and such debates represented forms of social struggle that could entail considerably more dangerous forms of conflict. Thirdly, I reconstruct the ecclesiastical, political and geopolitical landscapes which made a career like Reboul’s possible—and which made it possible to put authors like him to death when expedient. Fourthly, I consider how Reboul and his opponents’ printed appeals conjured into being a reading public. I argue that the culture of honour represented a defining feature of the early modern public sphere.
Simple, direct and efficient multi-way spectral clustering
Authors: Damle Anil , Minden Victor , Ying Lexing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a new algorithm for spectral clustering based on a column-pivoted QR factorization that may be directly used for cluster assignment or to provide an initial guess for k-means. Our algorithm is simple to implement, direct and requires no initial guess. Furthermore, it scales linearly in the number of nodes of the graph and a randomized variant provides significant computational gains. Provided the subspace spanned by the eigenvectors used for clustering contains a basis that resembles the set of indicator vectors on the clusters, we prove that both our deterministic and randomized algorithms recover a basis close to the indicators in Frobenius norm. We also experimentally demonstrate that the performance of our algorithm tracks recent information theoretic bounds for exact recovery in the stochastic block model. Finally, we explore the performance of our algorithm when applied to a real-world graph.
Drawing Cone Spherical Metrics via Strebel Differentials
Authors: Song Jijian , Cheng Yiran , Li Bo , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Cone spherical metrics are conformal metrics with constant curvature one and finitely many conical singularities on compact Riemann surfaces. By using Strebel differentials as a bridge, we construct a new class of cone spherical metrics on compact Riemann surfaces by drawing on the surfaces some class of connected metric ribbon graphs.
The Current Understanding of the Endocrine Effects From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Girotra Monica , Hansen Aaron , Farooki Azeez , Byun David J , Min Le , Creelan Ben C , Callahan Margaret K , Atkins Michael B , Sharon Elad , Antonia Scott J , West Pamela , Gravell Amy E ,   Investigational Drug Steering Committee (IDSC) Immunotherapy Task Force collaboration
Published: April 2018

AbstractClinical trials in the past decade have established the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibition as a revolutionary treatment for cancer. Namely, blocking antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 or its ligand have reached routine clinical use. Manipulation of the immune system is not without side effects, and autoimmune toxicities often known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are observed. Endocrine IRAEs, such as hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, can present with unique profiles that are not seen with the use of traditional chemotherapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the current hypotheses regarding the mechanism of these endocrinopathies and their clinical presentations. Further, we suggest guidelines and algorithms for patient management and future clinical trials to optimize the detection and treatment of immune checkpoint–related endocrinopathies.
Vascular access management after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a calcium alginate sheet: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Matsubara Makoto , Banshodani Masataka , Takahashi Akira , Kawai Yusuke , Saiki Tomoki , Yamashita Masahiro , Shiraki Nobuaki , Shintaku Sadanori , Moriishi Misaki , Masaki Takao , Kawanishi Hideki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundManagement of vascular access (VA) is essential in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, VA often fails and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is required. Conventional hemostasis at the puncture site is associated with complications. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of a hemostatic wound dressing made of calcium alginate at the puncture site of VA after PTA and evaluate other factors affecting hemostasis.MethodsAfter PTA for VA, 200 HD patients were randomized to a calcium alginate sheet (CA) group (n = 100) or a no drug-eluting sheet (control) group (n = 100). We recorded time to hemostasis at the puncture site every 5 min, noting any complications.ResultsIn the CA group, rates of hemostatic achievement at 5, 10, 15 and &gt;15 min were 57, 25, 8 and 10%, respectively. In the control group, the rates were 39, 28, 14 and 19%, respectively. Rates of hemostatic achievement at 5 min were significantly higher in the CA group (P = 0.01). In logistic regression analysis, factors affecting hemostasis within 5 min were use of the CA sheet [odds ratio (OR) 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–4.37], platelet count ≤100 000/μL (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.04–0.69), number of antithrombotic tablets used per day ≥1 tablet (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.26–0.94) and upper arm VA (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.03–0.55).ConclusionsA CA sheet can safely reduce time to hemostasis at the puncture site after PTA, and should be considered for treating patients with a bleeding tendency.
Morphological Variables Associated With Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Jian , Can Anil , Mukundan Srinivasan , Steigner Michael , Castro Victor M , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Yu Sheng , Gainer Vivian , Shadick Nancy A , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn , Cai Tianxi , Wang Zhong , Weiss Scott T , Du Rose 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Geometric factors of intracranial aneurysms and surrounding vasculature could affect the risk of aneurysm rupture. However, large-scale assessments of morphological parameters correlated with intracranial aneurysm rupture in a location-specific manner are scarce.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the morphological characteristics associated with ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms.

METHODS
Five hundred sixty-one patients with 638 MCA aneurysms diagnosed between 1990 and 2016 who had available computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included in this study. CTAs were evaluated using the Vitrea Advanced Visualization software for 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Morphological parameters examined in each model included aneurysm projection, wall irregularity, presence of a daughter dome, presence of hypoplastic or aplastic A1 arteries and hypoplastic or fetal posterior communicating arteries (PCoA), aneurysm height and width, neck diameter, bottleneck factor, aspect and size ratio, height/width ratio, and diameters and angles of surrounding parent and daughter vessels. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine the association of morphological characteristics with rupture of MCA aneurysms. Logistic regression was used to build a predictive MCA score.

RESULTS
Greater bottleneck and size ratio, and irregular, multilobed, temporally projecting MCA aneurysms are associated with higher rupture risk, whereas higher M1/M2 ratio, larger width, and the presence of an ipsilateral or bilateral hypoplastic PCoA were inversely associated with rupture. The MCA score had good predictive capacity with area under the receiver operating curve = 0.88.

CONCLUSION
These practical morphological parameters specific to MCA aneurysms are easy to assess when examining 3D reconstructions of unruptured aneurysms and could aid in risk evaluation in these patients.
Indian Forest Rights Legislation: Significance of Recognizing the Legal Pluralism for Indigenous Peoples Rights
Authors: Prasad M Deva , Menon C Suchithra 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Indigenous people’s traditional customary claim over the forest land was not accepted by the formal legal mechanism in India for a long period of time. The underlying rationale for the claim is livelihood, religious, and cultural reasons. The indigenous people’s claims remained as informal norm, which were not accepted by the formal state legal system in India. Discriminating legal centralism was existing in the area of forest governance and policy till the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act was enacted in 2006. The Forest Rights Act, 2006 has brought a paradigm shift in the entire approach of law towards the indigenous people and acknowledged the rights of the indigenous people. This article makes an attempt to understand the significance of recognition of legal pluralistic norms through legislation.
Assessing climate risks across different business sectors and industries: an investigation of methodological challenges at national scale for the UK
Authors: Surminski Swenja , Di Mauro Manuela , Baglee J. Alastair R. , Connell Richenda K. , Hankinson Joel , Haworth Anna R. , Ingirige Bingunath , Proverbs David 
Published: April 2018

Climate change poses severe risks for businesses, which companies as well as governments need to understand in order to take appropriate steps to manage those. This, however, represents a significant challenge as climate change risk assessment is itself a complex, dynamic and geographically diverse process. A wide range of factors including the nature of production processes and value chains, the location of business sites as well as relationships and interdependencies with customers and suppliers play a role in determining if and how companies are impacted by climate risks. This research explores the methodological challenges for a national-scale assessment of climate risks through the lens of the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (UKCCRA) process and compares the approaches adopted in the first and second UKCCRA (2011, 2016), while also reflecting on international experiences elsewhere. A review of these issues is presented, drawing on a wide body of contemporary evidence from a range of sources including the research disciplines, grey literature and government policy. The study reveals the methodological challenges and highlights six broad themes, namely scale, evidence base, adaptation responses, scope, interdependencies and public policy. The paper concludes by identifying suitable lessons for future national climate risk assessments, which should guide the next phase of research in preparation for UKCCRA3 and those of national-level risk assessments elsewhere.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.