bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth Surface Modelling and Mesh Behaviors for Paralleled Beveloid Gears
Authors: Sun Ruihua , Song Chaosheng , Zhu Caichao , Liu Siyuan , Wei Changxu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper proposed a new tooth surface modeling method for beveloid gear based on the real cutter surface using two orthogonal variables. Then, the analytical mesh model with and without misalignments were derived and solved to study the influences of geometry design parameters on contact behaviors for paralleled beveloid gear pair. Loaded tooth contact analysis is used to validate the proposed mesh model by abaqus software, and the error is below 5%. Results suggest that the increase in pressure, cone, and helical angles enlarge the contact area for meshing without misalignments. The addendum coefficient has unsubstantial impacts on the contact behaviors. For meshing with axis error in the horizontal direction, the growth of pressure angle, cone angle, helical angle, and addendum coefficient improves the carrying capacity of single tooth. But the transmission error deteriorates with the increase in pressure, cone, and helical angles. All three types of misalignments have little influence on the size of the contact ellipse. The growth of axis errors in horizontal and vertical directions significantly increases the transmission error, but the center distance error has a little influence on the transmission precision.
Design, Analysis, Experimentation, and Control of a Partially Compliant Bistable Mechanism
Authors: Tekes Ayse , Lin Hongkuan , McFall Kevin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study presents the design analysis and development of a novel partially compliant bistable mechanism. Motion behavior dependence on links and relative angles are analyzed, lumped parameter model is derived, mechanism parts including the compliant members are three-dimensional (3D) printed and a state feedback controller is implemented so that the slider follows a well-defined trajectory if designed as an actuator. The proposed mechanism consists of initially straight, large deflecting fixed-pinned compliant links, rigid links, and a sliding mass. Dynamic response of the mechanism is studied using elliptic integral solutions, pseudo rigid body model (PRBM), vector closure loop equations and Elliptic integrals. Nonlinear model is simulated in matlab simulink using fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta algorithms. The research emphasizes on the realization and dynamic response of the mechanism and the trajectory control of the slider so that the slider can be kept constant at specified distances resulting a dwell motion if designed as a linear actuator.
Influences of Rotational Speed Variations on the Flow-Induced Vibrational Performance of a Prototype Reversible Pump Turbine in Spin-No-Load Mode
Authors: Zheng Xianghao , Zhang Yuning , Li Jinwei , Zhang Yuning 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During the spin-no-load mode, vibrational performance of the reversible pump turbine is an important criterion for the evaluation of the operational performances of the power station. In the present paper, the influences of rotational speed variations on the vibrational performances of the whole unit (including the top cover, the upper, and the lower brackets) are experimentally investigated with discussions of their sources and propagation characteristics. According to the whole vibrational levels and the dominant frequencies of the vibration signals obtained at the top cover, the investigated cases with different rotational speeds could be divided into three partitions with their main characteristics given as follows. In the first partition (with low rotational speeds), the vibrational level is quite limited, and its source is the pressure fluctuation generated by the swirling vortex rope in the draft tube. In the second partition (with medium rotational speeds), the vibrational level gradually increases and its source is the mechanical aspects of the impeller rotation. In the third partition (with high rotational speeds), the vibrational level is prominent with a prominent swirling vortex rope in the draft tube and intensive rotor–stator interactions in the vaneless space (VS). For the vibrations of the upper and the lower brackets, the vibrations mainly originate from the mechanical aspects of the impeller rotation and the amplitudes of the dominant frequency also increase with the increment of the rotational speed. Finally, differences between the vibrational performances of the spin-no-load mode and the generating mode are discussed.
Ngā Aroro and Social Work Supervision
Authors: Wallace Eliza 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: This article explores the interconnectivity between Te Ao Māori (Māori worldview) concepts and supervision.METHOD: The main focus of the research was to highlight ngā aroro (key concepts) from Te Ao Māorii that influence critical reflection in supervision and the cultural effectiveness of supervision. The embedding of kaupapa Māori (Māori approaches) research principles and ethics meant that the methodology provided a supportive shelter for consciousness-raising, critical dialogue, reflection on supervision practice and for oral cultural narrative to be honoured. A unique part of the methodology was the inclusion of a Whakawhanaungatanga Research Advisory Roopu, which provided the necessary cultural oversight of the research.FINDINGS: The research used a thematic analysis that brought to light six conceptual themes from Te Ao Māori to unlock heightened holistic learning and support in supervision practice. The findings revealed that customary knowledge, skills and methods were purposefully accessedto enable the re-indigenising of social work supervision. The conceptual frameworks showed elements of co-design, an awakened spiritual awareness and a desire to explore one’s cultural sense of self.IMPLICATIONS: The research challenges the conventions of social work supervision to review supervision theory and practice particularly in considering the strengths of supervision provided by non-registered social work supervisors and the cultural effectiveness of supervision being developed, measured and evaluated based on the supervision goals of the supervisee and indigenous aspirations.
The supervision of registered social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand: A national survey
Authors: O’Donoghue Kieran B. 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Registered social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand are expected to participate in supervision in accordance with the Social Workers Registration Board’s policies. This article reports baseline findings on the supervision of registered social workers, comparing their supervision with the Board’s policy and guidelines.METHODS: A postal survey of 278 registered social workers was conducted to establish a baseline regarding their supervision. IBM SPSS 24 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were applied to explore variances in means for the independent variables of registration type, gender, age, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, recognised qualifications, and experience as social worker across 11 scales concerning the respondents’ supervision.FINDINGS: The findings report demographic information about the supervisees as well as a description of the supervision they participated in. This includes detail about various aspects of supervision, including forms, overall emphasis, logistics, types of contact, climate, methods and processes, experiences of their supervisor’s approaches and models, session processes and content and their overall satisfaction and evaluation.CONCLUSIONS: While most registered social workers’ supervision is in accordance with the Board’s expectations and Code of Conduct, further work is needed to ensure all registered social workers participate in appropriate supervision that meets these expectations. Concerns are raised about the cultural responsiveness of supervision in relation to supervisees and clients. Suggestions are made concerning further research in relation to the influence of gender, culture, sexual orientation, experience, qualifications, and registration status within supervision.
Inguinal hernia repair in preterm neonates: is there evidence that spinal or general anaesthesia is the better option regarding intraoperative and postoperative complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dohms Katharina , Hein Marc , Rossaint Rolf , Coburn Mark , Stoppe Christian , Ehret Constanze Barbara , Berger Tanja , Schälte Gereon 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWhether spinal anaesthesia (SA) reduces intraoperative and postoperative complications compared with general anaesthesia (GA) was investigated.DesignThe meta-analysis was structured based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science) were searched, and four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and two retrospective cohort studies were included. A random-effects model with pooled risk ratios and mean differences with 95% CIs were used. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2statistic. Quality assessment of the studies was performed by assessing the risk of bias according to the Cochrane and GRADE methodology.SettingPublications from January 1990 to November 2018 were included.Participants and interventionsOur study selection captured information from studies focusing on neonates born before the 37th gestational week who were scheduled for an inguinal hernia repair operation under either SA or GA.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were apnoea, postoperative ventilation and method failure rates according to predefined eligibility criteria. The duration of surgery, desaturation events <80%, hospital stay duration and postoperative bradycardia were secondary outcomes.ResultsWe found significantly fewer events for the outcomes ‘any episode of apnoea’ and ‘mechanical ventilation postoperatively’ in the SA group. Bradycardias were significantly less common in the SA group. In total, 7.5% of the SA group were converted to GA. The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the SA group. No significant differences were found in the outcome measures ‘postoperative oxygen supplementation’, ‘prolonged apnoea’, ‘postoperative oxygen desaturation <80%’ and ‘hospital stay’.ConclusionsWe consider SA a convenient alternative for hernia repair in preterm infants, providing more safety regarding postoperative apnoea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to include studies exclusively comparing SA versus GA. More high-quality RCTs are needed.Trial registration numberCRD42016048683
Attachment-based compassion therapy and adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of depressive, anxious and adjustment disorders in mental health settings: a randomised controlled clinical trial protocol
Authors: Montero-Marin Jesus , Collado-Navarro Carlos , Navarro-Gil Mayte , Lopez-Montoyo Alba , Demarzo Marcelo , Herrera-Mercadal Paola , Barcelo-Soler Alberto , Garcia-Campayo Javier 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionDepressive, anxiety and adjustment disorders are highly prevalent among mental health outpatients. The lack of funding for mental health problems produces inefficient results and a high burden of disease. New cost-effective group interventions aimed at treating these symptoms might be an appropriate solution to reduce the healthcare burden in mental health units. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown significant reductions in anxious, depressive and adjustment symptomatology. Recent research highlights the influence of compassion as a key mechanism of change. However, MBIs only address compassion implicitly, whereas compassion-based protocols consider it a core aspect of psychotherapy. In this randomised controlled trial, we hypothesise that the provision of attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT), which is a compassion-based protocol, will be more effective than mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), which is a conventional MBI programme, for the treatment of depressive, anxious and adaptive symptoms in patients in mental health settings.Methods and analysisApproximately 90 patients suffering from depressive, anxious or adjustment disorders recruited from Spanish mental health settings will be randomised to receive 8 weekly 2 hours group sessions of ABCT, 8 weekly 2.5 hours group sessions of adapted MBSR (with no full-day silent retreat) or treatment as usual (TAU), with a 1:1:1 allocation rate. Patients in the ABCT and adapted MBSR groups will also receive TAU. The main outcome will be general affective distress measured by means of the ‘Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21’ at post-test as primary endpoint. Other outcomes will be quality of life, mindfulness, self-compassion and the use of healthcare services. There will be a 6-month follow-up assessment. Intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted using linear mixed models. Per-protocol and secondary outcome analyses will be performed. A data monitoring committee comprising the trial manager, the ABCT and MBSR teachers and an independent clinical psychologist will monitor for possible negative side effects.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the General University Hospital of Castellón, Spain. The results will be submitted to peer-reviewed specialised journals, and brief reports will be sent to participants on request.Trial registration numberNCT03425487
Risk of neurodegenerative dementia in asthma patients: a nested case–control study using a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Min Chanyang , Oh Dong Jun , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study investigated the risk of neurodegenerative dementia following asthma.DesignA nested case–control studySettingThe ≥60-year-old population was selected from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service – National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013.Participants and interventionsThe 11 442 dementia cases were matched with 45 768 control cases for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Asthma was classified using International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes (J45 and J46) and medication history. Dementia was identified based on ICD-10 codes (G30 and F00).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe ORs of a previous history of asthma in patients with dementia were analysed using conditional logistic regression analysis stratified for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age and sex.ResultsOverall, 22.6% (2587/11 442) and 22.3% (10 229/45 768) of the cases in the dementia and control groups, respectively, had a previous history of asthma. The OR for asthma in the dementia group was not higher than that in the control group (adjusted OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.02, p=0.207). All age and sex subgroups demonstrated consistent results.ConclusionsAsthma was not related to an increased risk of dementia.
Discussion on 'Cretaceous to Eocene volcanic arc activity in the Andes of northern Ecuador'
Authors: Bristow R. 
Published: October 2019

Dr. R. Bristow writes: Mr. Henderson is to be congratulated on the presentation of this stimulating paper. In it much new information is presented and it allows one of the first quantitative studies of are activity in Ecuador to be made.
However, I have to disagree with the interpretation placed onsome of the facts contained in this paper. These are stratigraphical queries which should not detract from the author's main conclusions, but nevertheless they may have important implications concerning the timing and duration of arc activity in Ecuador.
Basically, Mr. Henderson believes that there are three diachronous units-Macuchi Formation, Yunguilla Formation, and Cayo Rumi Member, which rangein age from Cretaceous to Eocene. I maintain that there is no evidence of diachronism, only that there are Eocene deposits, both marine and volcanic, which have a common lithology with Cretaceous deposits, but separated from them by a time gap of some 20 m.y. To take the Andean Yunguilla Formation, because it is the best documented, as an example: at a number of points (Loja, Cuenca, near Riobamba, and at the Yunguilla type locality in the N) the black flysch sediments of the formation are of Maastrichtian age; at one point only, near Pilaló, lithologically similar rockshave been dated as Middle Eocene in age (Bristow & Hoffstetter 1977, p. 350). Nowhere are there flysch sediments of Palaeocene or Lower Eocene age, and it is thus impossible to demonstrate that the Yunguilla Formation is diachronous from Maastrichtian to Middle Eocene.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent persistent activity of layer 5 intrinsic-bursting and regular-spiking neurons in primary auditory cortex
Authors: Fu Xin , Ye Huan , Jia Huijuan , Wang Xin , Chomiak Taylor , Luo Feng 
Published: October 2019

Cholinergic signaling coupled to sensory-driven neuronal depolarization is essential for modulating lasting changes in deep-layer neural excitability and experience-dependent plasticity in the primary auditory cortex. However, the underlying cellular mechanism(s) associated with coincident cholinergic receptor activation and neuronal depolarization of deep-layer cortical neurons remains unknown. Using in vitro whole cell patch-clamp recordings targeted to neurons ( n = 151) in isolated brain slices containing the primary auditory cortex (AI), we investigated the effects of cholinergic receptor activation and neuronal depolarization on the electrophysiological properties of AI layer 5 intrinsic-bursting and regular-spiking neurons. Bath application of carbachol (5 µM; cholinergic receptor agonist) paired with suprathreshold intracellular depolarization led to persistent activity in these neurons. Persistent activity may involve similar cellular mechanisms and be generated intrinsically in both intrinsic-bursting and regular-spiking neurons given that it 1) persisted under the blockade of ionotropic glutamatergic (kynurenic acid, 2 mM) and GABAergic receptors (picrotoxin, 100 µM), 2) was fully blocked by both atropine (10 µM; nonselective muscarinic antagonist) and flufenamic acid [100 µM; nonspecific Ca2+-sensitive cationic channel (CAN) blocker], and 3) was sensitive to the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (50 µM) and Ca2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Together, our results support a model through which coincident activation of AI layer 5 neuron muscarinic receptors and suprathreshold activation can lead to sustained changes in layer 5 excitability, providing new insight into the possible role of a calcium-CAN-dependent cholinergic mechanism of AI cortical plasticity. These findings also indicate that distinct streams of auditory processing in layer 5 intrinsic-bursting and regular-spiking neurons may run in parallel during learning-induced auditory plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cholinergic signaling coupled to sensory-driven neuronal depolarization is essential for modulating lasting changes in experience-dependent plasticity in the primary auditory cortex. Cholinergic activation together with cellular depolarization can lead to persistent activity in both intrinsic-bursting and regular-spiking layer 5 pyramidal neurons. A similar mechanism involving muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, and possible Ca2+-sensitive nonspecific cationic channel activation provides new insight into our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that govern learning-induced auditory cortical and subcortical plasticity.
Missed targets, reaction times, and arousal are related to trait anxiety and attention to pain during an experimental vigilance task with a painful target
Authors: Emerson Nichole M. , Meeker Timothy J. , Greenspan Joel D. , Saffer Mark I. , Campbell Claudia M. , Korzeniewska Anna , Lenz Fred A. 
Published: October 2019

Although hypervigilance may play a role in some clinical pain syndromes, experimental vigilance toward painful stimuli has been studied infrequently. We evaluated vigilance toward pain by using a continuous performance task (CPT), in which subjects responded to moderately intense painful target stimuli, occurring in a train of mildly painful nontargets. We assessed nondetected targets (misses), reaction times (RTs), and psychological activation (tense arousal). During time on task in CPTs of other sensory modalities, there is an increase in misses and RTs (vigilance decrement). We hypothesized that our CPT would influence vigilance performance related to pain, anxiety, and limitation of attentional resources. The results showed a decrement in vigilance over time as misses increased, although RTs were unchanged. While mind-wandering did not influence vigilance performance, intrinsic attention to pain drove both hit RTs and number of misses. This resulted in pain-focused subjects performing worse on the CPT pain task with slower RTs and more misses per block. During the CPT, the change in stimulus salience was related to the change in pain intensity, while pain unpleasantness correlated with tense arousal. CPT performance during experimental vigilance to pain and psychological activation were related to trait anxiety, as measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and neuroticism, as measured by the NEO five factor inventory. Trait anxiety and neuroticism may play important roles in an individual’s predisposition to dwell on pain and interpret pain as threatening. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subjects detected moderately painful target stimuli in a train of mildly painful nontarget stimuli, which resulted in vigilance performance metrics including missed targets, reaction times, and psychological activation. These performance metrics were related to intrinsic attention to pain and trait anxiety. Subjects with high trait anxiety and neuroticism scores, with a predisposition to attend to pain, had greater tense arousal and poorer vigilance performance, which may be important psychological aspects of vigilance to pain.
High Ambient Solar UV Correlates with Greater Beta HPV Seropositivity in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Kricker Anne , Weber Marianne F. , Brenner Nicole , Banks Emily , Pawlita Michael , Sitas Freddy , Hodgkinson Verity S. , Rahman Bayzid , van Kemenade Cathelijne H. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Waterboer Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent worldwide and may have a role, with sun exposure, in causing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Little is known about the relationship of UV exposure and seroprevalence of cutaneous HPVs in the general population.Methods:Using multiplex serology, we estimated the seroprevalence of 23 beta and 7 gamma HPVs and 7 other antigens (mu HPV1, HPV63, nu HPV41, alpha HPV16; polyomaviruses HPyV7 and MCV; p53) in a population-based sample of 1,161 Australian 45 and Up Study participants with valid data from blood specimens collected from 2010 to 2012. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) for the association of each antigen with residential ambient solar UV and other UV-related variables.Results:Seropositivity for at least one beta or gamma HPV was high at 88% (beta HPVs 74%, gamma HPVs 70%), and less in women than men [e.g., PR beta-2 HPV38 = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–0.87; any gamma = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97]. A high ambient UV level in the 10 years before study enrollment was associated with elevated seroprevalence for genus beta (PRtertile3vs1 any beta = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28), and beta-1 to beta-3 species, but not for gamma HPVs. Other UV-related measures had less or no evidence of an association.Conclusions:Seroprevalence of cutaneous beta HPVs is higher with higher ambient UV exposure in the past 10 years.Impact:The observed association between ambient UV in the past 10 years and cutaneous HPVs supports further study of the possible joint role of solar UV and HPV in causing skin cancer.