bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isopulegol from Liquid Cultures of the Fungus Ceratocystis coerulescens (Ascomycotina)
Authors: Koch Wolf-Gerald , Sinnwell Volker 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ceratocystis coerulescens RWD 451 (Ascomycetes) was cultivated on defined synthetic culture medium containing glucose (3.0% ), asparagine (0.1% ), mineral salts and thiamine. 6 weeks oid cultures produced methyl heptenyl compounds, citronellol. citronellyl acetate, dihydro-farnesol and a hitherto unknown monoterpene alcohol. By GC/MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, this alcohol could be identified as ( -)isopulegol. So far, this monocyclic monoterpene alcohol has not been described as a fungal metabolite.
The Polyphasic Rise of Chlorophyll Fluorescence upon Onset of Strong Continuous Illumination: II. Partial Control by the Photosystem II Donor Side and Possible Ways of Interpretation
Authors: Schreiber Ulrich , Neubauer Christian 
Published: August 2018

The fluorescence rise kinetics in saturating light display two well separated components with largely different properties. The rapid rise from F0 to a first intermediate level, I1 is photochemically controlled, while the following phases leading to a secondary intermediate level, I2 and to a peak level, P, are limited by thermal reactions. Treatments which primarily affect components at the photosystem II donor side are shown to increase quenching at I1 and/or to suppress the secondary fluorescence rise to I2. Preillumination by single turnover saturating flashes causes I1- quenching oscillating with period-4 in dependence of flash number. It is suggested that this quenching correlates with (S2 + S3) states of the watersplitting enzyme system. Suppression of the secondary, I1 - I2 rise component is invariably found with treatments which lower electron donation rate by the watersplitting system and are known to favor the low potential form of cyt b 559.
Three different mechanisms are discussed on the basis of which donor-side dependent quench­ing could be interpreted: 1) Non-photochemical quenching by accumulation of the P 680+ radical cation. 2) Dissipative photochemical quenching at a special population of PS II centers (β- or non- B centers) displaying low donor capacity and high rates of charge recombination. 3) Dissipative photochemical quenching via cyclic electron flow around PS II, involving alternate donors to P 680+ (like cyt b 559 or carotenoid in their low potential forms), which can compete when donation rate from the water splitting system is slowed down. The possibility of donor-side limitation also being involved in “energy dependent” quenching is discussed.
MHC-Antigens: Constituents of the Envelopes of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency
Authors: Gelderblom Hans , Reupke Hilmar , Winkel Thorsten , Kunze Rudolf , Pauli Georg 
Published: August 2018

Immunoelectron microscopy was applied to study the antigenic make-up of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV, SIV) grown in cells expressing either MHC class I (Molt-3) or MHC class I and II (H9) antigens. A variety of antibodies directed against the surface glycopro­ tein gpl20 of HIV and against MHC class I and II antigens were employed. Consistent with earlier observations on the loss of HIV envelope components, gp120 was only weakly demonstra­ ble on the mature virion.
MHC class I determinants were present regularly in small amounts on HIV and SIV. Class II antigens, e.g. HLA-DR were found in high density on HIV and SIV grown in H9 cells, but were absent, as expected, on virus grown in Molt-3 cells. These cellular surface antigens are con­ stituents of the virion.
The presence of MHC class II antigens in virus preparations used for diagnostic purposes might explain some of the false positive results in HIV serology. Possible biological implications of these virus associated cellular antigens for the pathogenicity of HIV are discussed.
Amperometric Titration Largely Overestimates Chloride Concentrations in Chloroplast Extracts
Authors: Schröppel-Meier G. , Kaiser W. M 
Published: August 2018

Determination of chloride contents in aqueously isolated chloroplasts from spinach by amperometric titration indicated chloride concentrations of 60 to 100 mmol 1-1 (based on a chloroplast volume of 25 μl mg-1 chlorophyll). However, when analyzed by anion chromatography, chloride contents in chloroplasts were much lower (1-8 mmol 1-1).
In leaf extracts chloride concentrations obtained with both methods were rather similar. Boiling of chloroplast extracts prior to chloride titration reduced indicated chloride contents by a factor of three or four, but did not change results obtained with anion chromatography. It is concluded that chloroplasts contain large amounts of silver complexing agents giving rise to a drastic overestima­tion of chloroplast chloride concentrations when measured by amperometric titration. Boiling and centrifugation of extracts apparently precipitates these compounds only insufficiently.
Triterpenoids in Epicuticular Waxes of Three European Euphorbia Species
Authors: Hemmers Herbert , Gülz Paul-Gerhard , Marner Franz-Josef 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The epicuticular leaf waxes from E. characias, E. nicaeensis and E. peplus were found to contain pentacyclic triterpenoids in great amounts in addition to the common lipid wax constituents: alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes, primary alcohols and fatty acids. The gross amount of triterpenoids were triterpenols, however, their acetates and fatty acid esters as well as the corresponding ketones were found, too. Distinctive variations in the occurrence of 13 triterpenoids α- and β-amyrin, lupeol, germanicol, α-fernenol, simiarenol, β-amyrinone, lupenone, lupeol acetate, lupeol esters, α- and β-amyrin esters and α-fernenol esters were observed. Therefore all Euphorbia species showed very species specific compositions concerning these triterpenoids.
The Odor-Bouquet of Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh (Col.: Scol.)
Authors: Francke W. , Bartels J. , Schmutzenhofer H. , Kohnle U. , Vité J. P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and E-myrcenol are male specific compounds of Ips schmutzenhoferi. Overall 46 compounds could be identified from males and females. The diversity of oxygenated terpenes is particularly high in males.
(Z)-3- and (Z)-5-Decenyl Acetates, Sex-Attractant Components for Male Eustrotia uncula Cl. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Priesner Ernst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Male E. uncula showed a synergistic response to lures containing Z3-10:Ac and Z5-10:Ac in a Z3/Z5 ratio of 1/10. The dodecenyl compounds Z5-12:Ac, Z7-12:Ac and Z7-12:OH, perceived via further types of antennal receptor cells, acted inhibitorily on this binary lure. Two species of Euxoa also responded to Z3-10: Ac as a single compound or lure component, respectively. This is the first report of a Δ3-alkenyl compound being involved in sexual attraction in the Noctuidae.
Phosphate Binding to Isolated Chloroplast Coupling Factor (CF1)
Authors: Huchzermeyer Bernhard 
Published: August 2018

A single binding site for phosphate was found on isolated chloroplast coupling factor in the absence of nucleotides. In our experiments the phosphate binding site showed a Kd of 170 μᴍ. We did not observe any differences whether the ATPase activity of CF] had been activated or not.
If the enzyme was incubated with [γ-32P]ATP the amount of 32P bound per CF1 depended on the pretreatment of the enzyme: In the presence of ADP no ATP or phosphate was bound to CF,. After activation of ATPase activity one mol of ATP per mol CF, was rapidly bound and hydrolyzed while there was a slowly occurring binding of another phosphate without concomitant nucleotide binding.
We conclude that there are two different types of phosphate binding observed in our experiments: 1) Inorganic phosphate can be bound by one catalytic site per mol of CF1 2) The γ-phosphate of ATP is able to bind to an ATP binding domain of the enzyme if this domain can exchange substrates with the incubation medium. This ATP binding domain appears to differ from the site binding inorganic phosphate, because at least a portion of the coupling factor contains more than one labelled phosphate during our ATPase tests.
Biosynthesis of Porphyrinogens in Etiolated Euglena gracilis Z. II. Identification of a Regulatory Pteridine
Authors: Juknat A. A. , Dörnemann D. , Senger H. 
Published: August 2018

A low molecular weight compound which stimulates the synthesis of porphyrinogens from PBG was isolated and purified from etiolated Euglena gracilis Z. Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, as well as the molecular weight, revealed its structure as an unconjugated pteridine.
FTIR bands and 1H NMR signals of the purified compound were identical with those of an authentic sample of 6-biopterin. The structural formula of this compound is given in Fig. 1.
The Role of Cu in Respiration of Pea Plants and Heterotrophically Growing Scenedesmus Cells
Authors: Ayala Matilde Barón , Sandmann Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

In Scenedesmus about half of NADH oxidation proceeds via a cyanide-sensitive and the other half via a cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway. In contrast, respiration is completely cyanide sensitive in pea indicating that the alternative respiratory pathway is absent. Cu deficiency in pea plants and in heterotrophically grown Scenedesmus cells interferes with respiratory activity of mitochondria. In both organisms, the cyanide-sensitive NADH oxidation was strongly decreased during cultivation in low Cu media. Cu sensitivity was also observed for the alternative respiratory pathway in Scenedesmus. These results suggest that a Cu-containing component is involved in the alternative respiratory pathway. This is the main reason why alternative respiration cannot be regarded as a compensation for low cytochrome-oxidase activities during Cu starvation.
The Cu dependency of the cyanide-sensitive respiration was located at the site of cytochrome oxidase. A strong coordination of the biosynthesis of the Cu-containing cytochrome-oxidase complex was evident. When the endogenous Cu pool was low, formation of cytochrome aa3, another component of cytochrome oxidase, was also decreased.
Fluorescence Properties of Hog Kidney Aminoacylase I
Authors: Bruch Thomas vom , Röhm Klaus-Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The state of the tryptophan residues of porcine kidney aminoacylase I (EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical modification. The pH-dependence of the fluorescence emission spectrum of the enzyme indicates that its native conformation prevails between pH 6 and 9.5. Within this range, the ionization of a residue with an apparent pKa of 7.1 quenches the enzyme fluorescence by about 15%. A similar reduction of fluorescence intensity accompanies the inactivation of aminoacylase I by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide in low excess. This suggests that in both cases a single tryptophyl residue out of eight residues per subunit is affected. Quenching by iodide revealed that, in the native conformation of the enzyme, 5-6 tryptophans per subunit are accessible, while 2-3 are buried within the protein. 8-Anilinonaphthalene- L-sulfonate (ANS) is tightly bound to aminoacylase I (1 mol/mol dimer, Kd < 1 μᴍ). ANS binding does not interfere with substrate turnover; the spectroscopic properties of the aminoacylase- ANS complex are consistent with bound ANS being excited by radiationless energy transfer (RET) from buried tryptophyl residues of the enzyme.
Rebinding of the 33 kDalton Polypeptide of Photosystem II to the D-1/D-2 Sub-Core Complex
Authors: Brody Seymour Steven 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Specific and stoichiometric binding is shown between the D-1/D-2 sub-core complex and the 33 kDa polypeptide of photosystem II. Fluorescence from chlorophyll is used as an endogenous probe. W h e n binding occurs there is an increase in fluorescence yield, as well as changes in both the fluorescence spectrum and excitation spectrum.
Biosynthesis of Pyrrolidine Alkaloid-Derived Pheromones in the Arctiid Moth, Creatonotos transiens: Stereochemical Conversion of Heliotrine
Authors: Wink M. , Schneider D. , Witte L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In larvae and later developmental stages of Creatonotos transiens, which had been reared on the pyrrolizidine alkaloid 7S-heliotrine, a new major metabolite was detected by capillary GLC. The structure of this metabolite was determined by GLC-MS (EI, CI-MS) and 13C NMR to be 7Rheliotrine and 7R-heliotrine-N-oxide. 7R-Heliotrine is likely to be the direct precursor for the pheromone R( - )-hydroxydanaidal.
A New Method to Prepare Sections from Amphibian Embryos for Immunohistology
Authors: Hausen Peter , Müller Ursula 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The method involves impregnation of fixed embryos with a solution of plexiglass. The solvent is evaporated slowly. Blocks of plexiglass containing the specimen are thus formed. Sections (1-2 μm) are stretched and attached by an unconvential method. Immunohistological techniques allow antigen localization in a combination of high resolution, excellent quality of the sections and low background.
Biological Information Processing Requires Quantum Logic
Authors: Oi Tetsu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chaos dynamics, which characterizes biological information processing, generates information along the course of temporal development of the relevant system. In this system, the macroscopic uncertainty principle holds between observation time Δt and phase space volume ΔΩ determined by this observation. In other words Δt and ΔΩ cannot simultaneously be small. This principle corresponds to the microscopic uncertainty principle that holds in quantum physics. Through an analogy to this correspondence, it is shown that quantum logic might also govern such macroscopic phenomena as are governed by chaos dynamics.
Studies on Malabsorption in Malnourished Pakistani Children
Authors: Mazahir I. , Rahman M. Ataur , Arif M. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Malnutrition is a common finding in Pakistan especially in children of low socio-economic class. Impairment of digestion and absorption makes the diet inefficient at fulfilling the requirements of the child and leads to malnutrition. Earlier work from this laboratory has shown that feeding a high-protein diet to children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not improve their condition. In the present study forty-two malnourished children and seventeen control subjects were investigated. They were divided into five groups, i.e. fibrocystic disease of the pancreas (n = 9), coeliac disease (n = 17), lactose intolerance (n = 5), PEM (n = 5) and nonspecific diarrhoea (n = 6) on the basis of history, clinical impression and biochemical findings. They were from 6 months to 12 years of age. The majority of them were suffering from diarrhoea, distension of the abdomen and retardation of growth. All children were physically examined and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Changes in hair in the form of sparseness, dyspigmentation and easy pluckability were observed in all groups. In PEM, 80% of the cases had enlarged livers. All children had reduced weight and height as compared with the control group. Haemoglobin, total protein and serum albumin showed a decrease and the fall was greatest in PEM cases as compared with the control group.
The excretion of a-amino nitrogen increased in PEM children while hydroxyproline and creatinine levels showed a decrease as compared with the control group. The hydroxyproline index, which signifies the growth rate, was also significantly lower in all groups.
Xylose and lactose tolerance tests were performed after an oral dose of xylose or lactose respectively. The xylose concentration after the test dose was reduced with the lowest values in the coeliac disease group as compared with the control group. In the lactose tolerance test, the patients with lactose intolerance showed lower values as compared with control subjects. Sodium and chloride in sweat showed a significant rise in fibrocystic disease while daily faecal fat excretion was increased in fibrocystic disease, coeliac disease and lactose intolerance cases as compared with the control group. The various biochemical indicies studied indicate that malabsorption played an important role in malnourishment.
The Plasma Membrane ATPase of Dunaliella parva
Authors: Gimmler Hartmut , Schneider Lothar , Kaaden Rosemarie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Plasma membrane Mg2+, Ca2+ ATPases were isolated from Dunaliella parva by differential centrifugation and subsequent sucrose gradient centrifugation and analyzed for their properties with special emphasis on ecophysiological requirements of this extremely salt-tolerant alga. Most properties (Vmax- and KM-values, substrate specificity, vanadate and DES sensitivity, resistance against ouabain) indicate that the ATPases of the plasma membrane of D. parva are basically of the same type as that found in the plasma membrane of other algae or higher plants. However, some interesting deviations from the normal characteristics of plasma membrane ATPases of plants were observed for the Dunaliella ATPases. These modifications partially may reflect adaptations of the ATPase and/or the microenvironment of the ATPase to the highly saline environment of this alga; 1) The plasma membrane ATPase of D. parva requires unusually high concentrations of divalent cations (up to 100 mM Mg2+ or Ca2+) for maximal activity. Both cations can substitute for each other. 2) The plasma membrane ATPase of D. parva is extremely resistant against salt. It was stimulated by NaCl or KC1 at concentrations up to 800 mM , whereas at higher salt concentrations the enzyme was inhibited. However, about 2.5 M NaCl was required for halfmaximal inhibition of ATPase activity. 3) The ATPase was inhibited by inhibitors of anion transport such as SITS and D ID S . which suggests direct or indirect involvement of ATPase in anion transport. The possible functions of the plasma membrane ATPases are discussed with special emphasis on problems related to the hypersaline environment of this alga.
Localization and Orientation of Subunit Delta of Spinach Chloroplast ATP-Synthase within the CF0CF1 Complex. 1. Distinction of Shielded and Exposed Surfaces of Delta on the Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Berzborn Richard J. , Finke Werner 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new polyclonal antiserum against spinach CF1 subunit delta was produced in rabbits. It decorates only one band at 21 kDa in Western immunoblots of thylakoid proteins and does not react in ELISA with δ-free four subunit CF1 (-δ); therefore it is regarded monospecific. The polypeptide used as immunogen had been purified by HPLC. Earlier antisera against CF1 δ crossreact with CF1 subunit β.
The new antiserum 306 contains different antibodies; some can be absorbed with thylakoids, i.e. by δ within the assembled CF0CF1 complex on the membrane, others still react in ELISA with isolated CF1. The former antibodies agglutinate thylakoids and inhibit PMS cyclic photophosphorylation. Therefore we conclude that part of the surface of CF1 subunit δ is exposed within the quaternary structure of the ATP-synthase complex of photosynthetically active thylakoids, but part of the surface of δ is shielded.
Trypsination of isolated δ occurs at several sites, but this protease does not attack δ in situ, nor does aminopeptidase. Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 digests CF1 δ after isolation at residues Asp53, Glu61, Glu95 and Glu106, but has no access to these residues of δ in situ. Thus CF1 subunit δ seems to be shielded within the CF0CF1 complex to a large degree.
Direct agglutination of thylakoids by anti δ serum 306 was weak and could be improved tenfold by a Coombs serum (goat anti rabbit gammaglobulin), whereas an anti β serum agglutinated directly. From this we conclude that δ is not accessible at the top of the enzyme; the exposed part is extending below the large subunits a and β and oriented towards the membrane.
Pore-Forming Activity of Outer Membrane Extracts from the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714
Authors: Jürgens Uwe J. , Benz Roland 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cell walls of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714, isolated from cell homogenates, were found to be unusually resistant against extraction with various detergents, organic solvents, chaotropic agents, and proteases. The major outer membrane proteins (M r 67,000; 61,000; 94,000) were solubilized by differential SDS-extraction and purified by preparative SDS-PAGE. The extracted proteins, reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes, formed two types of pores with single-channel conductances of 2.2 nS (pore diameter of 1.4 nm) and 0.3 nS (pore diameter not determined), respectively. Carotenoids and lipopolysaccharide were found to be associated with the extracted major proteins.
3'-Arylazido-β-alanyl-2-azido ATP, a Cross-Linking Photoaffinity Label for F1ATPases
Authors: Schäfer Hans-Jochen , Rathgeber Gabriele , Dose Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of the 3′-arylazido-2-azido ATP derivative 3′-O-{3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-amino]propionyl}2-azido-adenosine 5′-triphosphate (2,3′-DiN3ATP) is described. The bifunc­ tional photoreactive ATP analog is characterized spectroscopically. Photoaffinity labeling of F, ATPase from Micrococcus luteus by this analog results in the inactivation of the enzyme and in the formation of higher molecular weight cross-links,
Heat Production and Growth Kinetics of E. coli K12 from Flow Calorimetric Measurements on Chemostat Cultures
Authors: Leiseifer H. P. 
Published: August 2018

The heat production of E. coli K12 growing aerobically in glucose limited chemostat cultures is determined in the range of specific growth rates μ ( = dilution rates D) from 0,058 h-1 to 0.852 h-1 for two different glucose concentrations Se in the instream of the chemostat. namely Se1=0.3182 g·1-1 and Se2 = 0.6364 g·1-1. Heat production Q and biomass production P per unit of culture volume show well correlated patterns for Se1 and Se2. For Se1 the highest value Q actually measured is 443-10-3 W·1-1 at D = 0.74 h-1 with P = 0.068 g·1-1·h-1 and for Se2 593·10-3 W·1-1 at D = 0.497 h-1 with P = 0.108 g·1-1·h-1.
Heat production QB per unit of biomass appears to be independent of Se at least up to D - 0.5 h-1.At higher D there is strong indication that QB possesses a real maximum. The highest value of QB actually measured is 4.8 W·g-1 at D = 0.74 h-1.
For Se1 and Se2 there were significantly higher specific growth rates verified in chemostat culture than μmax
Batch= 0.717 h-1 which is the maximum specific growth rate in comparable, unlimited batch cultures.
The real maximum of QB is estimated to be in the vicinity of μmax
Batch.
This suggests the hypothesis of a maximum principle for the growth in batch culture.
For Se1 a closed analytical expression is derived for the relationship between μ and the substrate concentration S. μ[S] features a S-shaped characteristic with μmax
Chemostat= 0.905 h-1; 1/2 μmax
Chemostat is reached at S = 2.85·10-3 g·1-1.
Three basic parameters which characterize the overall metabolism of the cells, namely the heat released per unit of substrate consumed, (Qs, the effective yield of biomass, Yeff, and μmax
Chemostat are identified to depend on Se.
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Epicuticular Waxes from Euphorbia lathyris L., Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Hemmers Herbert , Gülz Paul-Gerhard , Marner Franz-Josef , Wray Victor 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The chemical composition of the leaf surface wax of Euphorbia lathyris L. was analysed using TLC, GC, GC-MS and NMR. A predominance of pentacyclic triterpenoids and primary alcohols was observed. They together constituted 60% of the total wax. Seven triterpenols: taraxerol, β-amyrin, lupeol, isomotiol, a-fernenol, simiarenol. Ψ-taraxasterol and eight triterpenones: taraxerone, β-amyrinone, lupenone, isomotione, a- and β-fernenone, simiarenone and filicanone were isolated. Among them , β-amyrin and lupeol were found esterified with homologous series of fatty acids. The minor part of wax was formed by long chained and predominantly saturated alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes and free fatty acids.