bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetric forms for hyperbolic‐parabolic systems of multi‐gradient fluids
Authors: Gouin Henri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider multi‐gradient fluids endowed with a volume internal‐energy that is a function of mass density, volume entropy and their successive gradients. We obtain a thermodynamic form of the equation of motion and an equation of energy compatible with the two laws of thermodynamics. The equations of multi‐gradient fluids belong to the class of dispersive systems. In the conservative case, we can replace the set of equations by a quasi‐linear system written in a divergence form. Near an equilibrium position, we obtain a Hermitian‐symmetric system written in the form of Godunov's systems. Equilibrium positions are stable when the total volume energy of the fluid is a convex function of the conjugated variables ‐ called the main field ‐ of mass density, volume entropy, their successive gradients and velocity.
Singularity theorems for warped products and the stability of spatial extra dimensions
Authors: Cipriani Nastassja , Senovilla José M. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew singularity theorems are derived for generic warped-product spacetimes of any dimension. The main purpose is to analyze the stability of (compact or large) extra dimensions against dynamical perturbations. To that end, the base of the warped product is assumed to be our visible 4-dimensional world, while the extra dimensions define the fiber, hence we considerextra-dimensional evolution. Explicit conditions on the warping function that lead to geodesic incompleteness are given. These conditions can be appropriately rewritten, given a warping function, as restrictions on the intrinsic geometry of the fiber — i.e. the extra dimensional space. To find the results, the conditions for parallel transportation in warped products in terms of their projections onto the base and the fibers have been solved, a result of independent mathematical interest that has been placed on an appendix.
Legacy effects of invasive grass impact soil microbes and native shrub growth
Authors: Pickett Brooke , Irvine Irina C. , Bullock Eric , Arogyaswamy Keshav , Aronson Emma 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn California, invasive grasses have displaced native plants, transforming much of the endemic coastal sage scrub (CSS) to nonnative grasslands. This has occurred for several reasons, including increased competitive ability of invasive grasses and long-term alterations to the soil environment, called legacy effects. Despite the magnitude of this problem, however, it is not well understood how these legacy effects have altered the soil microbial community and, indirectly, native plant restoration. We assessed the microbial composition of soils collected from an uninvaded CSS community (uninvaded soil) and a nearby 10-ha site from which the invasive grass Harding grass (Phalaris aquaticaL.) was removed after 11 yr of growth (postinvasive soil). We also measured the survival rate, biomass, and length of three CSS species andP. aquaticagrown in both soil types (uninvaded and postinvasive). Our findings indicate thatP. aquaticamay create microbial legacy effects in the soil that likely cause soil conditions inhibitory to the survival rate, biomass, and length of coastal sagebrush, but not the other two native plant species. Specifically, coastal sagebrush growth was lower in the postinvasive soil, which had more Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria,Agrobacterium,Bradyrhizobium,Rhizobium(R. leguminosarum),Candidatus koribacter,Candidatus solibacter, and rhizophilic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fewer Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria,Nitrospira, andRubrobactercompared with the uninvaded soil. Shifts in soil microbial community composition such as these can have important implications for restoration strategies in postinvasive sites.
Satellite patches, patch expansion, and doubling time as decision metrics for invasion control:Pennisetum ciliareexpansion in southwestern Arizona
Authors: Weston Jaron D. , McClaran Mitchel P. , Whittle Richard K. , Black Christian W. , Fehmi Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEssential variables to consider for an efficient control strategy for invasive plants include dispersion pattern (i.e., satellite or invasion front) and patch expansion rate. These variables were demonstrated for buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare(L.) Link], a C4perennial grass introduced from Africa, which has invaded broadly around the world. The study site was along a roadway in southern Arizona (USA). TheP. ciliareplant distributions show the pattern of clumping associated with the satellite (nascent foci) colonization pattern (average nearest neighbor test,z-score −47.2, P<0.01). The distance between patches ranged from 0.743 to 12.8 km, with an average distance between patches of 5.6 km. Median patch expansion rate was 271% over the 3-yr monitoring period versus 136% found in other studies of establishedP. ciliarepatches. TargetingP. ciliaresatellite patches as a control strategy may exponentially reduce the areal doubling time, while targeting the largest patches may have less effect on the invasion speed.
Phylogeny, ancestors, and anagenesis in the hominin fossil record
Authors: Parins-Fukuchi Caroline , Greiner Elliot , MacLatchy Laura M. , Fisher Daniel C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProbabilistic approaches to phylogenetic inference have recently gained traction in paleontological studies. Because they directly model processes of evolutionary change, probabilistic methods facilitate a deeper assessment of variability in evolutionary patterns by weighing evidence for competing models. Although phylogenetic methods used in paleontological studies have generally assumed that evolution proceeds by splitting cladogenesis, extensions to previous models help explore the potential for morphological and temporal data to provide differential support for contrasting modes of evolutionary divergence. Recent methodological developments have integrated ancestral relationships into probabilistic phylogenetic methods. These new approaches rely on parameter-rich models and sophisticated inferential methods, potentially obscuring the respective contributions of data and models. In this study, we describe a simple likelihoodist approach that combines probabilistic models of morphological evolution and fossil preservation to reconstruct both cladogenetic and anagenetic relationships. By applying this approach to a data set of fossil hominins, we demonstrate the capability of existing models to unveil evidence for anagenesis presented by morphological and temporal data. This evidence was previously recognized by qualitative assessments, but largely ignored by quantitative phylogenetic analyses. For example, we find support for directly ancestral relationships in multiple lineages:Sahelanthropusis ancestral to later hominins;Australopithecus anamensisis ancestral toAustralopithecus afarensis;Australopithecus garhiis ancestral toHomo;Homo antecessoris ancestral toHomo heidelbergensis, which in turn is ancestral to bothHomo sapiensandHomo neanderthalensis. By accommodating direct ancestry in phylogenetics, quantitative results align more closely with previous qualitative expectations.
History of geological mapping of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands
Authors: Berendsent H.J.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA brief overview is given of the history of geological mapping of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta. The first accurate map of the delta, based on field observations, was made by Vink (1926). The geological map of the Netherlands, scale 1 : 50,000, made by the ‘Geologische Stichting’ (1927 – 1938) under the supervision of P. Tesch totally neglected Vink’s work, and was a step backwards with regard to the mapping of the Holocene delta. Between 1940 and 1965, the Wageningen group of soil scientists produced detailed regional soil maps, that had a strong ‘geogenetic’ component. In the 1960’s a revolutionary ‘profile type legend’ was introduced by the Netherlands’ Geological Survey. This allowed to map not only the outcropping sediments, but the whole Holocene succession, which gave more insight into the geological history. Over the past 30 years, the Rhine-Meuse delta has been studied extensively by students of physical geography at Utrecht University. More than 250,000 borehole descriptions, 150014C dates and over 36,000 archeological artifacts with associated ages (collected by the National Service for Archaeological Heritage) have accumulated, resulting in the largest database of a delta in the world. The production of detailed maps has been crucial to the solution of many scientific problems. The use of GIS has greatly enhanced geological and geomorphological mapping, and subsequently, understanding of the evolution of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta. A new detailed digital elevation map of the Netherlands, based on very accurate laser-altimetry data, will enable us to map larger areas in greater detail, with greater accuracy, and in a much shorter period of time.
Luminescence dating of Netherlands’ sediments
Authors: Wallinga J. , Davids F. , Dijkmans J.W.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the last decades luminescence dating techniques have been developed that allow earth scientists to determine the time of deposition of sediments. In this contribution we review: 1) the development of the methodology; 2) tests of the reliability of luminescence dating on Netherlands’ sediments; and 3) geological applications of the method in the Netherlands. Our review shows that optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz grains using the single aliquot regenerative dose method yields results in agreement with independent age control for deposits ranging in age from a few years up to 125 ka. Optical dating of quartz has successfully been applied to sediments from a wide range of depositional environments such as coastal dunes, cover sands, fluvial channel deposits, colluvial deposits and fimic soils. These results demonstrate that optical dating is a powerful tool to explore the natural archive of the Netherlands’ subsurface.
Aeolian and fluviolacustrine landforms and prehistoric human occupation on a technically influenced floodplain margin, the Méma, central Mali
Authors: Makaske B. , de Vries E. , Tainter J.A. , Mclntosh R.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Mema is a semi-arid region in central Mali with a rich archaeological heritage indicating the former existence of large urban settlements. The archaeological data suggest millennia of occupation history of the Méma preceding relatively sudden abandonment by the 14th or 15th century AD. Population numbers have remained low since then and today’s human presence in the area is sparse and largely mobile. Geomorphologically, the Méma can be characterized as a graben hosting various generations of aeolian landforms and (presently mostly dry) interdunal channels and lakes, linked to the neighbouring Inland Niger Delta floodplain. Given this setting, and the variability of the Sahelian climate, climatic contributions to the region’s sudden abandonment are likely. A geomorphological survey of the region, and interpretation of the observed geomorphological record in terms of climatic history, aimed at providing a basis for understanding the intensive occupation and subsequent abandonment of the Méma. The results of this study underscore dramatic Holocene climatic variability, leading to the region’s present geomorphological diversity, but also suggest that neotectonic movements constitute an important additional cause of regional desiccation. Both may have encouraged prehistoric people to abandon the Méma after a long period of occupation.
A Dutch geoscience perspective on the Katrina disaster
Authors: Törnqvist T.E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA combination of geological and anthropogenic processes have rendered the U.S. Gulf Coast in general – and the Mississippi Delta in particular – extremely sensitive to coastal hazard. Thus, the Katrina disaster was not a question of ‘if’ but of ‘when’. This contribution outlines the geo-environmental context of the Mississippi Delta that evolved during the 20th century and set the stage for Hurricane Katrina’s devastation. This includes a brief discussion of the processes responsible for coastal erosion and wetland loss, the proposed measures to combat these problems, and the policy decisions (or, rather, the lack thereof) made so far. A connection is made with the 1953 storm surge that devastated the southwestern Netherlands and had a profound impact on Dutch science and engineering by providing the impetus for the widely known and highly praised Delta Plan, as well as for unprecedented studies of Holocene sea-level change. Whether a similar route will be followed for the Gulf Coast is primarily dependent on the amount of political will. Results are presented of recent studies of crustal movements in the Mississippi Delta that show surprising long-term stability of the Pleistocene basement, evidence that could prove critical for decision makers with regard to the rebuilding process. Finally, the neglect of the precarious situation along the Gulf Coast by the federal government is viewed as a possible metaphor for current U.S. policies with respect to science in general, and to global warming in particular.“Land that sits below sea level. Levees and dams that stand against nature’s fury. Countryside that sinks more every year. New Orleans? No. Holland: a nation whose flood protections makes ours look primitive and slapdash”John McQuaid, The Times-Picayune, November 13, 2005
Sounding Arabic: postvernacular modes of performing the Arabic language in popular music by Israeli Jews
Authors: Erez Oded , Karkabi Nadeem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPopular music in Israel has recently seen a surge in the use of Arabic in music made by Israeli-Jewish musicians. Most of these, although descendants of immigrants from Arab countries, never acquired Arabic at home or in school, owing to national ideology which sought to label Arabic as the language of the non-Jewish other. This article reveals and contextualises this recent trend, offering a typology of the ways in which musicians engage with Arabic, their motivations for doing so and the challenges that they face. Discussing musicians who approach Arabic as Jewish heritage, as an aesthetic repository, or even as mere sound, we identify these mobilisations of Arabic as postvernacular uses of language, which often privilege its non-semantic qualities. Observed in the context of Israeli–Arab enmity, this trend appears to have emerged surprisingly not in spite of, but partly because of, the decline in peace prospects.
A technology and its vicissitudes: playing the gramophone in Sweden 1903–1945
Authors: Volgsten Ulrik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis inquiry deals with the changing role of the technology and the use of phonographs and gramophones during the first half of the 20th century. Rather than looking at the UK or USA, which much previous research has done, the focus is on peripheral Sweden. More specifically the question is how phonography turned from being a scientific curiosity into becoming an everyday media technology, and how it thereby influenced culture and everyday musical communication. The findings show two distinct approaches to recorded music, which intermingle in today's unprecedented musicalisation of culture and everyday life around the globe – approaches respectively described as utilitarian and solipsistic.
Challenging authenticity: fakes and forgeries in rock music
Authors: Atton Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAuthenticity is a key concept in the evaluation of rock music by critics and fans. The production of fakes challenges the means by which listeners evaluate the authentic, by questioning central notions of integrity and sincerity. This article examines the nature and motives of faking in recorded music, such as inventing imaginary groups or passing off studio recordings as live performances. In addition to a survey of types of fakes and the motives of those responsible for them, the article presents two case studies, one of the ‘fake’ American group the Residents, the other of the Unknown Deutschland series of releases, purporting to be hitherto unknown recordings of German rock groups from the 1970s. By examining the critical reception of these cases and taking into account ethical and aesthetic considerations, the article argues that the relationship between the authentic (the ‘real’) and the inauthentic (the ‘fake’) is complex. It concludes that, to judge from fans’ responses at least, the fake can be judged as possessing cultural value and may even be considered as authentic.
Sexual violence and free speech in popular music
Authors: Hill Rosemary Lucy , Savigny Heather 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article re-examines the use of arguments in favour of free speech when faced with difficult subjects in music, such as sexual violence against women. We present a new perspective on the 1985 US Senate Hearing on Record Labeling and challenge the orthodoxy that the Hearing was only a matter of free speech. Using critical discourse analysis we argue that the sexist environment of the Hearing, the misogyny of the musicians, plus homosocial bonding resulted in the PMRC's arguments being unaddressed as attention turned to censorship. Subsequent academic work has continued to focus on censorship, neglecting to investigate how music can propagate dangerous representations. This article indicates the need for a shift in popular music studies towards careful consideration of those aspects which are difficult and dangerous for women. It therefore opens up popular music to important new areas for critical examination and feminist analysis.
Savoir thérapeutique et logique commercial
Authors: Sébastien Dalgalarrondo  
Published: May 2019

RésuméLe développement de nouveaux médicaments nécessite la coopération d’acteurs aux intérêts parfois divergents. La recherche clinique est de ce fait un lieu d’observation privilégié de l’articulation entre connaissance et intérêts dans le domaine de la médecine. Notre texte s’appuie sur l’étude monographique d’une controverse opposant un laboratoire pharmaceutique à des cliniciens quant aux sens thérapeutiques qu’il convenait de donner aux résultats d’un essai majeur dans l’histoire des médicaments contre le virus du sida.
Qu’est-ce qu’un « enthousiasme civique » ? Sur l’historiographie des fêtes politiques en France après 1789
Authors: Mariot Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

RésuméÀ partir d’une série chronologique d’ouvrages consacrés aux fêtes de souveraineté depuis 1789 en France, l’article questionne la fonction intégrative qui leur est ordinairement reconnue : le fait d’éprouver ensemble les mêmes émotions fabriquerait et/ou renforcerait le lien social. La démonstration suivie discute l’idée que les manifestations de liesse (applaudissements, acclamations) puissent représenter un bon indicateur de l’engagement militant, sinon des pensées politiques, des participants.À la question de savoir ce qu’est un enthousiasme civique, il répond simplement : un enthousiasme manifesté dans une situation civique reconnue comme telle par les participants eux-mêmes et/ou ainsi qualifiée par les organisateurs et commentateurs, profanes comme savants, de l’événement.
Les mystères rhétoriques de l’État médiéval. L’écriture du pouvoir en Europe occidentale (XIIIe-XVesiècle)
Authors: Grévin Benoît 
Published: May 2019

RésuméL’analyse de la rhétorique solennelle du pouvoir au bas Moyen Âge (XIIIe-XVesiècle) pose des problèmes spécifiques liés à la coexistence de textes administratifs et politiques entièrement dépendants de formulaires figés avec une rhétorique d’apparat ménageant les possibilités d’une inventivité plus grande dans le respect des normes stylistiques en usage dans les diverses chancelleries. L’analyse des techniques de rédaction de ces derniers texts montre qu’ils dépendent de l’exploitation de recueils textuels d’un type particulier – lessumme dictaminis– en fonction de procédés de recréations textuelles sophistiqués permettant de recomposer un document en apparence original à partir d’un ou plusieurs modèles donnés. Cet art de la variation rhétorique est dépendant d’une mémorisation intensive du contenu dessummequi renvoie à une culture pratique du monde des chancelleries encore à explorer.
Sur la citoyenneté et le droit d’aubaine à l’époque moderne Réponse à Simona Cerutti
Authors: Sahlins Peter 
Published: May 2019

RésuméExistait-il un « modèle français »de citoyenneté dans l’Ancien Régime fondé sur le droit d’aubaine, le droit du roi en tant que seigneur féodal de confisquer les biens des étrangers morts dans le royaume sans héritiers français de naissance ? L’État moderne est-il le cadre dans lequel l’étude de la nationalité se fait ? Cet article suggère que la récente critique deUnnaturally French: Foreign citizens in the Old Regime and afterpar Simona Cerutti dans lesAnnales, se fondant sur sa propre recherche sur le duché de Savoie, a mal interprété mon argument sur le lien entre la succession et la citoyenneté en France. L’étude de la citoyenneté pendant la période moderne est fondée sur la jurisprudence, l’administration et les pratiques stratégiques de naturalisation. Elle prend en compte à la fois le processus de création de l’État et aussi les stratégies de succession des étrangers ; elle esquisse l’expérience spécifique de la France par rapport à la Savoie et à l’Europe ; et enfin elle souligne la relation changeante entre la succession et la citoyenneté pendant le XVIIIesiècle.
Configurations sociales et jeux politiques aux confins de l’empire espagnol
Authors: Bertrand Michel 
Published: May 2019

RésuméL’interrogation relative aux structures sociales coloniales n’a cessé de proposer, de longue date, une orientation de réflexion particulièrement féconde. Pourtant, si l’objet d’enquête n’a pas été radicalement modifié, la manière de l’aborder a, depuis une quinzaine d’années, profondément changé. L’approche en termes de structures a été progressivement abandonnée au profit de nouveaux questionnements provenant de la microanalyse du social. Dans cette démarche, le recours à de nouveaux outils – liens, réseaux sociaux, configurations, à même de restituer les dynamismes sociaux et non plus seulement les structures – s’est imposé. C’est cette optique méthodologique qui est appliquée ici au monde des élites sociales de la ville de Guatemala à l’extrême fin du xviiiesiècle. A la suite de l’imposition des réformes administratives, processus qui s’accéléra avec la décennie 1780, les élites cherchèrent à s’adapter aux nouvelles règles du jeu politique. Les années ultérieures, faites de tensions, de conflits et de crises, se révèlent alors comme un moment particulièrement propice pour repenser les modalités de structuration sociale.
La Nouvelle-Orléans auxviiiesiècle
Authors: Dawdy Shannon Lee 
Published: May 2019

RésuméCet article étudie les flux économiques et sociaux à la Nouvelle-Orléans auxviiiesiècle. Il a pour objectif de démontrer que les thèses de Braudel sur l’influence des courants maritimes et la force d’attraction du capitalisme peuvent être étendues à la « Méditerranée du Nouveau monde» qu’était la région comprise entre le Mississippi et les Caraïbes. Les Amérindiens voyageaient et commerçaient dans la région depuis fort longtemps, ce qui a influencé le choix du site de La Nouvelle-Orléans, tandis que la navigation était rendue possible par les marins et constructeurs de bateaux d’origine africaine. Cependant, l’économie maritime de La Nouvelle-Orléans ne peut être uniquement expliquée par le jeu du capitalisme classique. La contrebande et le capital social ont joué un rôle extrêmement important dans la formation de la ville. La Nouvelle-Orléans n’était qu’un des nombreux mondes clandestins qui s’épanouissaient à l’époque en marge des voies commerciales officielles.