bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic human activity‐driven model for mixed land use evaluation using social media data
Authors: Xing Hanfa , Meng Yuan , Shi Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMassive amounts of social media data have enabled the evaluation of mixed land use from the human activities perspective. While most studies have focused on approaches to better measure mixed land use, the dynamic activity patterns used to distinguish land use types have seldom been discussed. In light of this, in this study, a mixed land use evaluation model is constructed, which is driven by dynamic human activities hidden in social media data. Specifically, temporal topics related to human activities are first extracted from Twitter messages. On this basis, these topics are clustered with successive measurements of both temporal and semantic similarities, and then, they are further transformed into dynamic features. In addition, the dynamic feature‐based Shannon entropy is employed for mixed land use evaluation. For verification, the building classes from OpenStreetMap are referenced to investigate their correlations with dynamic features in mixed land uses. Finally, a strong correlation demonstrates the effectiveness and power of the proposed method in the evaluation of mixed land uses.
US trade wars in the twenty‐first century with emerging countries: Make America and its partners lose again
Authors: Bouët Antoine , Laborde David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn a context of rising protectionist rhetoric, this paper looks at the potential impact of trade wars initiated by a change in US trade policies. We use a static multicountry, multisector general equilibrium model to evaluate six modalities of three potential trade wars—for a total of 18 scenarios—between the USA and China, between the USA and Mexico, and a combination of the two previous conflicts. In each case, we evaluate various forms of trade retaliation by the US partner(s): the same level of import duty as the one imposed by the USA, an import duty that minimises welfare loss, a duty that minimises terms‐of‐trade deterioration, a duty that generates the same amount of collected revenue, and finally a Nash equilibrium. We conclude that there is no scenario in which the US government augments its domestic welfare or GDP. There may be sectoral gains in value added in the USA, but they are small and to the detriment of other sectors. While losses for China are relatively small, potential losses for the Mexican economy are significant. There are also free riders of these trade wars. Finally, the way in which trade retaliations are designed matters greatly.
Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle, chickens and pigs: A scoping review of publications for use in modelling of antimicrobial resistance (IAM.AMR Project)
Authors: Murphy Colleen P. , Carson Carolee , Smith Ben A. , Chapman Brennan , Marrotte Jayme , McCann Maggie , Primeau Courtney , Sharma Parth , Parmley E. Jane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a complex issue with a large volume of published literature, and there is a need for synthesis of primary studies for an integrated understanding of this topic. Our research team aimed to have a more complete understanding of antimicrobial resistance in Canada (IAM.AMR Project) using multiple methods including the literature reviews and quantitative modelling. To accomplish this goal, qualitative features of publications (e.g., geographical location, study population) describing potential relationships between the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and factors (e.g., antimicrobial use; management system) were of particular interest. The objectives of this review were to (a) describe the available peer‐reviewed literature reporting potential relationships between factors and antimicrobial resistance; and (b) to highlight data gaps. A comprehensive literature search and screening were performed to identify studies investigating factors potentially linked with antimicrobial resistance inCampylobacterspecies,Escherichia coliandSalmonella entericaalong the farm‐to‐fork pathway (farm, abattoir (slaughter houses) and retail meats) for the major Canadian livestock species (beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs). The literature search returned 14,966 potentially relevant titles and abstracts. Following screening of titles, abstracts and full‐text articles, the qualitative features of retained studies (n = 28) were extracted. The most common factors identified were antimicrobial use (n = 13 studies) and type of farm management system (e.g., antibiotic‐free, organic;n = 8). Most studies were conducted outside of Canada and involved investigations at the farm level. Identified data gaps included the effect of vaccination, industry‐specific factors (e.g., livestock density) and factors at sites other than farm along the agri‐food chain. Further investigation of these factors and other relevant industry activities are needed for the development of quantitative models that aim to identify effective interventions to mitigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance along the agri‐food chain.
Quantitative assessment of outer retinal layers and ellipsoid zone mapping in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy
Authors: Ugwuegbu Obinna , Uchida Atsuro , Singh Rishi P , Beven Lucas , Hu Ming , Kaiser Stephanie , Srivastava Sunil K , Ehlers Justis P 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundTo quantitatively assess outer retinal layers in eyes with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was performed to identify eyes with HCQ retinopathy/toxicity at Cleveland Clinic. A clinical diagnosis of HCQ retinopathy was made based on clinical and imaging features including the presence of parafoveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field defects. All participants underwent macular cube scan using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Quantitative assessment of outer nuclear layer (ONL)/Henle fibre layer complex (HFL) metrics and EZ mapping were performed with a novel software platform and compared with age-matched controls. HCQ toxicity group was divided into three subgroups based on the severity.ResultsThere were 14 eyes from 14 patients in HCQ toxicity group (mean age 57.0±18.6 years), and 14 eyes from 14 subjects in age-matched control group (mean age 59.4±18.6 years). Multiple outer retinal parameters including ONL/HFL-EZ volume, parafoveal ONL/HFL-EZ thickness and EZ-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) volume were significantly reduced in all HCQ toxicity subgroups (early, moderate and advanced toxicity) compared with controls. Semiautomated layer segmentation tool produced en face representation of EZ-RPE mapping and allowed unique visualisation of EZ attenuation in eyes with HCQ toxicity. The longitudinal analysis of HCQ toxicity group demonstrated progressive decline in some outer retinal parameters.ConclusionHCQ toxicity resulted in significant outer retinal layer volumetric thinning compared with controls. Quantitative assessment of outer retinal parameters and EZ mapping on SD-OCT may become a useful biomarker to identify and monitor HCQ toxicity.
The life and art of Walter Geikie (1795–1837)
Authors: Scott Helen E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sir Archibald Geikie's uncle, Walter Geikie (1795–1837), was one of the most remarkable artists working in Edinburgh in the early nineteenth century. During childhood he had contracted a fever that left him unable to hear or speak. Yet this lifelong disability did not prevent him from pursuing an artistic career. He became a prolific and highly-regarded professional artist, and ultimately was elected as a member of the Scottish Academy. Working as a draughtsman, printmaker and painter, Walter Geikie focused on the portrayal of Edinburgh's poor and working classes, and the depiction of their local environments. His genre studies are full of empathy and wit, while his topographical work is strikingly detailed. Geikie's scenes of ordinary Scottish life avoided the nineteenth-century tendency towards lofty moralizing or grotesque caricature. Instead, his images of pedlars, fisherfolk, markets and fairgrounds convey a profound sense of honesty. This chapter traces the life and career of Walter Geikie, from the struggles of his early childhood to the extraordinary achievements of his maturity. His distinctive artistic style is discussed and his legacy is analysed.
Relationship between cerebral blood flow estimated by transcranial Doppler ultrasound and single-photon emission computed tomography in elderly people with dementia
Authors: Miyazawa Taiki , Shibata Shigeki , Nagai Kumiko , Hirasawa Ai , Kobayashi Yoshio , Koshiba Hitomi , Kozaki Koichi 
Published: September 2018

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive technique allowing continuous recording of cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity. However, it is unclear whether the CBF estimated by TCD would be reliable for the comparison between individuals. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between middle cerebral artery blood flow (MCA BF) measured by TCD and regional and total CBF measured by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CBF) with a quantification software program, a three-dimensional stereotaxic region of interest template. We recruited 91 elderly subjects with and without dementia. MCA blood flow velocity (MCA V) and middle cerebral artery cross-sectional area (AM) were measured by TCD and magnetic resonance angiography, respectively. MCA BF was calculated by the product of MCA V and AM. Diastolic or mean MCA V and MCA BF were significantly correlated with SPECT-CBF in several segments. Interestingly, the correlation coefficient in the temporal segment of SPECT-CBF was higher than those of the other segments. Moreover, correlations between MCA BF and SPECT-CBF were stronger as compared with those between MCA V and SPECT-CBF. These findings suggest that both mean MCA V and MCA BF with TCD ultrasonography would be useful for CBF comparison between individuals especially in the temporal region, although estimated blood flow with arterial area seems to be better than using simple flow velocity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Correlations between middle cerebral artery blood flow (MCA BF) calculated by the product of MCA blood flow velocity (MCA V) and middle cerebral artery cross-sectional area and regional and total cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CBF) were stronger as compared with those between MCA V and SPECT-CBF. These findings suggest that both mean MCA V and MCA BF would be useful for CBF comparison between individuals although estimated blood flow with arterial area seems to be better than using simple flow velocity.
Time course of interlimb strength transfer after unilateral handgrip training
Authors: Barss Trevor S. , Klarner Taryn , Pearcey Gregory E. P. , Sun Yao , Zehr E. Paul 
Published: September 2018

"Cross-education” is the increase in strength or functional performance of an untrained limb after unilateral training. A major limitation for clinical translation from unilateral injury includes knowledge on the minimum time for the emergence of crossed effects. Therefore, the primary purpose was to characterize the time course of bilateral strength changes during both “traditional” ( n = 11) and “daily” ( n = 8) unilateral handgrip training in neurologically intact participants. Traditional training included five sets of five maximal voluntary handgrip contractions 3 times/wk for 6 wk whereas daily training included the same number of sessions and contractions but over 18 consecutive days. Three pre- and one posttest session evaluated strength, muscle activation, and reflex excitability bilaterally. Time course information was assessed by recording handgrip force for every contraction in the trained limb and from a single contraction on every third training session in the untrained limb. Six weeks of traditional training increased handgrip strength in the trained limb after the 9th session whereas the untrained limb was stronger after the 12th session. This was accompanied by increased peak muscle activation and bilateral alterations in Hoffmann reflex excitability. Daily training revealed a similar number of sessions (15) were required to induce significant strength gains in the untrained limb (7.8% compared with 12.5%) in approximately half the duration of traditional training. Therefore, minimizing rest days may improve the efficiency of unilateral training when the trained limb is not the focus. Establishing a “dose” for the time course of adaptation to strength training is paramount for effective translation to rehabilitative interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral handgrip training using a “traditional” protocol (3 times/wk; 6 wk) increased strength bilaterally after 9 (trained arm) and 12 (untrained arm) sessions. “Daily” training (18 consecutive days) increased strength in the untrained limb in a similar number of training sessions, which was accomplished in approximately half the time. Within clinical populations when the focus is on the untrained limb, reducing rest days may optimize the recovery of strength.
Regulation of regional cerebral blood flow during graded reflex-mediated sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure
Authors: Kaur Jasdeep , Vranish Jennifer R. , Barbosa Thales C. , Washio Takuro , Young Benjamin E. , Stephens Brandi Y. , Brothers R. Matthew , Ogoh Shigehiko , Fadel Paul J. 
Published: September 2018

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation remains unclear. Previous studies have primarily measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity to assess CBF. Recently, there has been a transition toward measuring internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) blood flow using duplex Doppler ultrasound. Given that the VA supplies autonomic control centers in the brainstem, we hypothesized that graded sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) would reduce ICA but not VA blood flow. ICA and VA blood flow were measured during two protocols: protocol 1, low-to-moderate LBNP (−10, −20, −30, and −40 Torr) and protocol 2, moderate-to-high LBNP (−30, −50, and −70 Torr). ICA and VA blood flow, diameter, and blood velocity were unaffected up to −40 LBNP. However, −50 and −70 LBNP evoked reductions in ICA and VA blood flow [e.g., −70 LBNP: percent change (%∆)VA-baseline = −27.6 ± 3.0] that were mediated by decreases in both diameter and velocity (e.g., −70 LBNP: %∆VA-baseline diameter = −7.5 ± 1.9 and %∆VA-baseline velocity = −13.6 ± 1.7), which were comparable between vessels. Since hyperventilation during −70 LBNP reduced end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]), this decrease in [Formula: see text] was matched via voluntary hyperventilation. Reductions in ICA and VA blood flow during hyperventilation alone were significantly smaller than during −70 LBNP and were primarily mediated by decreases in velocity (%∆VA-baseline velocity = −8.6 ± 2.4 and %∆VA-baseline diameter = −0.05 ± 0.56). These data demonstrate that both ICA and VA were unaffected by low-to-moderate sympathetic activation, whereas robust reflex-mediated sympathoexcitation caused similar magnitudes of vasoconstriction in both arteries. Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, the ICA was not preferentially vasoconstricted by sympathetic activation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that moderate-to-high reflex-mediated sympathetic activation with lower body negative pressure (LBNP) decreases internal carotid artery and vertebral artery blood flow via reductions in both vessel diameter and blood velocity. This vasoconstriction was primarily sympathetically mediated as voluntary hyperventilation alone, to isolate the effect of decreases in end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide that occurred during LBNP, resulted in a significantly smaller vasoconstriction. In contrast to our hypothesis, these data indicate a lack of heterogeneity between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations in response to sympathoexcitation.
Clinical Pharmacology of Tisagenlecleucel in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Mueller Karen Thudium , Waldron Edward , Grupp Stephan A. , Levine John E. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Boyer Michael W. , August Keith J. , Hamilton Jason , Awasthi Rakesh , Stein Andrew M. , Sickert Denise , Chakraborty Abhijit , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Tomassian Lori , Shah Sweta S. , Leung Mimi , Taran Tetiana , Wood Patricia A. , Maude Shannon L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Tisagenlecleucel is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T-cell therapy approved for the treatment of children and young adults with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

Patients and Methods:
We evaluated the cellular kinetics of tisagenlecleucel, the effect of patient factors, humoral immunogenicity, and manufacturing attributes on its kinetics, and exposure-response analysis for efficacy, safety and pharmacodynamic endpoints in 79 patients across two studies in pediatric B-ALL (ELIANA and ENSIGN).

Results:
Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify levels of tisagenlecleucel transgene, responders (N = 62) had ≈2-fold higher tisagenlecleucel expansion in peripheral blood than nonresponders (N = 8; 74% and 104% higher geometric mean Cmax and AUC0-28d, respectively) with persistence measurable beyond 2 years in responding patients. Cmax increased with occurrence and severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Tisagenlecleucel continued to expand and persist following tocilizumab, used to manage CRS. Patients with B-cell recovery within 6 months had earlier loss of the transgene compared with patients with sustained clinical response. Clinical responses were seen across the entire dose range evaluated (patients ≤50 kg: 0.2 to 5.0 × 106/kg; patients &gt;50 kg: 0.1 to 2.5 × 108 CAR-positive viable T cells) with no relationship between dose and safety. Neither preexisting nor treatment-induced antimurine CAR19 antibodies affected the persistence or clinical response.

Conclusions:
Response to tisagenlecleucel was associated with increased expansion across a wide dose range. These results highlight the importance of cellular kinetics in understanding determinants of response to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
Heirs Apparent in Juxtaposition: David in Samuel-Kings and Michael Corleone in The Godfather
Authors: Aichele George , Miscall Peter D. , Walsh Richard 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We read together the story of David in 1 Samuel 16-2 Kings 2 and that of Michael Corleone in The Godfather. They both begin outside the main power structure, the kingdom of Saul and the crime family, and then rise, often through the use of violence, to the top: King and Don. David’s decisive slaying of Goliath is matched by Michael’s assassination of Sollozzo and McCluskey. After the killings both are now recognized as serious “players” in their respective structures. As they move up the power chain David and Michael, as characters in biblical narrative and modern film, are haunted by the possibility that their stories could have been different: the innocent young shepherd and the decorated Marine. Both could be separate from the violence and corruption of Israelite monarchy and of the Corleone family.
XML Annotation of Hebrew Elements in Judeo-Arabic Texts
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed A. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to introduce a model ofTEI(Text Encoding Initiative) annotation of Hebrew elements in Judeo-Arabic texts, i.e., code switching (CS), borrowing, and Hebrew quotations. This article will provide an introduction to using XML (Extensible Markup Language) to investigate sociolinguistic aspects in medieval Judeo-Arabic texts. Accordingly, it will suggest to what extent using XML is useful for investigating linguistic and sociolinguistic features in the Judeo-Arabic paradigm. To provide an example for how XML annotation could be applied to Judeo-Arabic texts, a corpus of 300 pages selected from three Judeo-Arabic books has been manually annotated using theTEIP5. The annotation covers all instances ofCS, borrowing, and Hebrew quotations in that corpus.
Prediction of the Onset of Heavy Rain Using SEVIRI Cloud Observations
Authors: Patou Maximilien , Vidot Jérôme , Riédi Jérôme , Penide Guillaume , Garrett Timothy J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThunderstorms and strong precipitation events can be highly variable in space and time and therefore are challenging to forecast. Geostationary satellites are particularly well suited for studying their occurrence and development. This paper describes a methodology for tracking temporal trends in the development of these systems using a combination of a ground-based radar rainfall product and cloud fields derived from the Meteosat Second Generation’s (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Cloud microphysical and radiative properties and the cloud perimeter-to-area ratio are used to characterize the temporal evolution of 35 cases of isolated convective development. For synchronizing temporal trends between cases, two reference times are used: the time when precipitating clouds reach a rain intensity threshold and the time of the maximum of rain intensity during the cloud life cycle. A period of decreasing cloud perimeter-to-area ratio before heavy rainfall is observed for both synchronization techniques, suggesting this parameter could be a predictor of heavy rain occurrence. However, the choice of synchronization time does impact significantly the observed trend of cloud properties. An illustration of how this approach can be applied to cloud-resolving models is presented to evaluate their ability to simulate cloud processes.
The Study of Laryngoscopic and Autonomic Patterns in Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction
Authors: Shembel Adrianna C. , Hartnick Christopher J. , Bunting Glenn , Ballif Catherine , Vanswearingen Jessie , Shaiman Susan , Johnson Aaron , de Guzman Vanessa , Verdolini Abbott Katherine 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: (1) Identify laryngeal patterns axiomatic to exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) and (2) investigate the role of autonomic function in EILO. Methods: Twenty-seven athletic adolescents (13 EILO, 14 control) underwent laryngoscopy at rest and exercise. Glottal configurations, supraglottic dynamics, systolic blood pressure responses, and heart rate recovery were compared between conditions and groups. Results: Inspiratory glottal angles were smaller in the EILO group than the control group with exercise. However, group differences were not statistically significant ( P > .05), likely due to high variability of laryngeal responses in the EILO group. Expiratory glottal patterns showed statistically greater abductory responses to exercise in the control group ( P = .001) but not the EILO group ( P > .05). Arytenoid prolapse occurred variably in both groups. Systolic blood pressure responses to exercise were higher in the control group, and heart rate recovery was faster in the EILO group. However, no significant differences were seen between the 2 groups on either autonomic parameter ( P > .05). Conclusions: “Paradoxical” inspiratory and blunted expiratory vocal fold pattern responses to exercise best characterize EILO. Group differences were only seen with exercise challenge, thus highlighting the utility of provocation and control groups to identify EILO.