bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand der digitalen Medizin in der Pneumologie
Authors: Dreher Michael , Jany Berthold , Nilius Georg , Woehrle Holger , Koczulla Rembert 
Published: March 2019

Was ist neu?
Obstruktive Lungenerkrankungen Durch digitale Anwendungen wie Smarthaler oder telemedizinische Anbindung der Patienten z. B. über digitale Spirometer oder Apps können Betreuung und Krankheitsverlauf optimiert werden. Die Auswertung der Daten kann z. B. die frühzeitige Erkennung von Exazerbationen ermöglichen.
Pneumologische Onkologie Unter Nutzung großer Datenmengen ist zukünftig eine Veränderung der Lungenkrebsdiagnostik denkbar. Durch computerunterstützte Analyseverfahren können genauere prädiktive Aussagen zu Tumor, Prognose oder Therapieansatz gemacht werden.
Pneumologische Rehabilitation: In der pneumologischen Rehabilitation könnten digitale Unterstützungssysteme wie Apps zur Bewegungssteigerung oder Trainingsunterstützung in den Alltag integriert und auch nach der Maßnahme weiterverfolgt werden.
Schlafmedizin und außerklinische Beatmung Große Datenmengen aus medizinischen Geräten, wie sie z. B. in der Beatmungsmedizin eingesetzt werden, bieten ein besseres Grundlagenverständnis der jeweiligen Erkrankung. Therapien können mit digitaler Technik besser gesteuert und die Therapietreue der Patienten gesteigert werden.
Intensivmedizin Im Bereich der Intensivmedizin gibt es mittlerweile telemedizinische Anbindungen von Intensivstationen kleinerer Häuser an ein Haus der Maximalversorgung. Hierdurch kann die Qualität der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung flächendeckend verbessert werden. Die Telemedizin bietet die Möglichkeit zum ärztlichen Austausch im Hinblick auf diagnostische und therapeutische Entscheidungen.
Erhebung der Motive für den Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen anhand von Mind Maps
Authors: Thurn Daniela , Wolstein Jörg 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungMapping-Techniken werden in der Lernforschung vielfältig eingesetzt, ihre Verwendung im klinischen Bereich ist jedoch weitgehend unerforscht.
Ziel dieser Studie war es daher zu untersuchen, ob sich Mind Maps für die Erhebung von Motiven zum Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen einsetzen und sich diese den 4 gängigen Dimensionen Verstärkungs-, soziale, Bewältigungs- und Konformitätsmotive der Konsummotivforschung zuordnen lassen. Weiterhin wurde die Motivverteilung bezogen auf den Konsumzeitraum (im ersten vs. letzten Monat des Konsums) und auf Subgruppenunterschiede analysiert. Deskriptive Analysen der Mind Maps gaben Aufschluss über besonders häufig genannte Konsummotive.
Methodik Anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurde ein auf den 4 Motivdimensionen basierendes Kategoriensystem entwickelt. Sechs unabhängige Rater ordneten 96 Patienten-Datensätze mit mehr als 1000 Konsumgründen in das Kategoriensystem ein. Es wurden unabhängige t-Tests zur Berechnung der Mittelwertsunterschiede in den Motivdimensionen nach Geschlecht und Alter durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die Analysen ergaben eine sehr gute Interraterreliabilität von 0,87. Zu Beginn des Konsums sind insbesondere Verstärkungsmotive (v. a. Neugierde/Interesse/Reiz, Spaß/Kick/Rausch usw.), im letzten Monat des Konsums insbesondere Bewältigungsmotive (v. a. Verdrängung, Leistungssteigerung usw.) handlungsleitend. Weiterhin überwogen bei Frauen zu Beginn ihres Konsums Konformitätsmotive.
Schlussfolgerung Mind Maps ermöglichen eine reliable und valide Erhebung individueller Konsummotive und damit eine motivbasierte Auswahl der Interventionsstrategien.
Imaging of Hip Arthroplasties: Normal Findings and Hardware Complications
Authors: Deshmukh Swati , Omar Imran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHip arthroplasty is a common and largely successful surgical procedure, often used for the treatment of advanced osteoarthritis. Imaging plays a key role in routine postoperative imaging surveillance as well as the evaluation of post-arthroplasty pain. Radiographs are the first-line imaging modality and may be followed by computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent advancements in imaging techniques allow for metal artifact reduction on CT and MRI. A variety of complications can arise in the setting of arthroplasty: mechanical loosening, component wear-induced synovitis and osteolysis, adverse local tissue reaction, infection, periprosthetic fracture, implant dislocation and/or component displacement, tendinopathy, and neurovascular injury. This article reviews normal and abnormal imaging findings of hip arthroplasty.
A Multifactor Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Qarni Taha , Salardini Arash 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal cognition and dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk of conversion to dementia, and the rate of progression of MCI to dementia is dependent on age, gender, and education. MCI may be diagnosed using neuropsychological criteria using cut-offs representing decrements in cognition, or using criteria to assess for a decline in functional status. The ability to determine the status of dementia-related biomarkers has allowed for better staging and prognostication in different forms of MCI. MCI is now recognized as a significant target stage for future therapies. These future therapies aim to reduce the rate of conversion of individuals with MCI to dementia. In this article, we review different conceptions of MCI, the diagnosis and prognostication of MCI, and presently available management approaches for this condition.
Academic vs. Private Practice: An Indistinct Distinction
Authors: Andrews R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInterventional radiology (IR) practices take many forms, but often are distinguished as following either an academic or private practice model. Both differences and similarities are seen when comparing these two general practice categories, and often the line between the two models is unclear. This article reviews some of the commonalities and differences between academic and private practice IR, and provides personal insights from an author who has significant experience in both practice models.
Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review
Authors: Sivasathiaseelan Harri , Marshall Charles , Agustus Jennifer , Benhamou Elia , Bond Rebecca , van Leeuwen Janneke , Hardy Chris , Rohrer Jonathan , Warren Jason 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFrontotemporal dementias are a clinically, neuroanatomically, and pathologically diverse group of diseases that collectively constitute an important cause of young-onset dementia. Clinically, frontotemporal dementias characteristically strike capacities that define us as individuals, presenting broadly as disorders of social behavior or language. Neurobiologically, these diseases can be regarded as “molecular nexopathies,” a paradigm for selective targeting and destruction of brain networks by pathogenic proteins. Mutations in three major genes collectively account for a substantial proportion of behavioral presentations, with far-reaching implications for the lives of families but also potential opportunities for presymptomatic diagnosis and intervention. Predicting molecular pathology from clinical and radiological phenotypes remains challenging; however, certain patterns have been identified, and genetically mediated forms of frontotemporal dementia have spearheaded this enterprise. Here we present a clinical roadmap for diagnosis and assessment of the frontotemporal dementias, motivated by our emerging understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogenic protein effects at the cellular level translate to abnormal neural network physiology and ultimately, complex clinical symptoms. We conclude by outlining principles of management and prospects for disease modification.
Advances in the study of piezoelectric polymers
Authors: Kaczmarek Halina , Królikowski Bogusław , Klimiec Ewa , Chylińska Marta , Bajer Dagmara 
Published: March 2019

The literature review based on the works published over the last decade concerns the progress in research on innovative piezoelectric materials with current or potential practical applications. At the beginning, the nature of piezoelectric phenomenon is clarified. The main emphasis is put on presentation of polymers, biopolymers and polymer composites as well as hybrid materials with piezoelectric properties. Moreover, carbon nanomaterials are also included. These materials have recently become an intensively developing field, as evidenced by numerous scientific publications. Furthermore, the recently reported main methods of characterizations and selected examples of modern applications of piezoelectric materials in various fields (electronics, industry, medicine) have been discussed.
The bibliography includes 217 references.
Evidence for high-density liquid water between 0.1 and 0.3 GPa near 150 K
Authors: Stern Josef N. , Seidl-Nigsch Markus , Loerting Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The two-liquid model is appealing to explain the anomalous nature of supercooled water. However, it is still contested whether or not the amorphous polymorphism at cryoconditions develops into a liquid–liquid transition at higher temperatures. While some work has been devoted to this question at ambient pressure conditions, there are barely any experiments at high-pressure conditions. Here we reveal a temperature window, in which bulk high-density liquid water (HDL) can be accessed prior to crystallization at 0.1–0.3 GPa based on path independence. By contrast, at higher pressures crystallization takes place from the amorphous solid state. This paves the way for future exploration of the liquid–liquid transition from HDL to low-density liquid water at thermodynamic equilibrium near 0.1 GPa.
Digital logic for soft devices
Authors: Preston Daniel J. , Rothemund Philipp , Jiang Haihui Joy , Nemitz Markus P. , Rawson Jeff , Suo Zhigang , Whitesides George M. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Soft devices offer many useful characteristics, including safe operation in close proximity to humans, the ability to adapt to their surroundings, ease of sterilization, simplicity, low cost, and light weight. Current soft devices, however, are still actuated by hard valves and electronic controls, and reliance on these components limits the use of soft devices in applications where hard structures or electronics are not compatible. This work demonstrates completely soft digital logic gates that can be integrated into soft devices and that allow computation and control within these devices, without hard valves or electronics. We demonstrate data storage, signal processing, digital-to-analog conversion, environmental sensing, and collaborative interaction between humans and soft devices.
The digital tourism landscape.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the digital tourism landscape from different disciplinary perspectives. First, it adopts the analogy of an ecosystem to explore the broader role that information technology (IT) plays to fulfill the functions of inspiration, acquisition, experience and reflection. Second, the chapter explains that socio-technical factors influence technological change and demonstrates how an understanding of economic or industry innovation cycles can help travel organizations make strategic decisions about their technology adoptions. Third, ideas from psychology and consumer behaviour are used to understand how and why travellers use IT. The analysis moves between the macro (economies and industries), the meso (organizations) and the micro (individuals).
Technology-enabled visitor experiences.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The application of information technology (IT) in the attraction and events sectors falls into three categories. First, IT is used to attract visitors by providing various electronic channels for information, sales and distribution. Second, IT is used in the staging of memorable visitor experiences. As tourists have come to expect interactive, multimedia entertainment, the attractions industry has responded with a similar level of technological sophistication, particularly in the area of themed entertainment. Third, IT is used to manage visitors by improving admission, orientation, purchasing, crowding and queue management, business intelligence, and safety and security. This chapter addresses these main areas of usage by providing examples from a wide range of different attraction and event settings.
Sustainable tourism and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter identifies some of the information technologies for environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability in tourism, and the issues surrounding their implementation in the quest for sustainability. The first section focuses on the use of IT to improve environmental resource efficiency and to educate travellers to travel more responsibly. This section also examines how technology can contribute to environmental purity and physical integrity in nature-based and cultural tourism destinations. It discusses technology's contribution to biodiversity in the context of tourism, and the opportunities to reduce environmental impacts to zero by replacing travel entirely with virtual experiences. The second section discusses the socio-cultural applications of IT, which include applications that help to provide social equity and community wellness in destinations, facilitate local control of the tourism sector, and enhance the cultural richness of host communities. The third section discusses how IT can affect the economic goals of sustainable tourism, including economic viability, local prosperity and employment quality.
The future of information technology and tourism.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter explains the virtuous cycle of technological development in travel planning and discusses ten emerging trends in the future of information technology and tourism. The first trend focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and the continuing importance of innovation in computer design; the following four trends focus on the traveller response to various developments; while the last five trends relate to broader technological developments in analytics, mechatronics, material technologies, connectivity and convergence.
Childhood practice and play as determinants of adolescent intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among elite youth athletes
Authors: Thomas Anna , Güllich Arne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study empirically tested the postulate of the Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP; Côté, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2007). Practice and play in the development of sport expertise. In R. Eklund & G. Tenenbaum (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 184–202). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley) that diversified childhood self‐led sport play will beneficially affect future, adolescent intrinsic motivation. Participants were 178 elite youth athletes (age 15.3 ± 1.5 years) from several game and non‐game sports; 117 were members of the federal state or national junior squad in their respective sport. A questionnaire measured current (adolescent) intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the youth athletes using the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Towards a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sport motivation scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53) and their earlier volume of childhood engagement (through 12 years) in coach‐led practice and self‐led play in their respective main sport and other sports. Analyses revealed that adolescent intrinsic motivation was not significantly correlated with earlier childhood self‐led sport activities, self‐led play in particular, or childhood sports diversification. Furthermore, considering all different types of childhood sport activities together in multiple regression analyses, they did not provide meaningful explanatory power regarding adolescent intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. In summary, the results did not provide support for the postulate of the DMSP among elite youth athletes. The findings suggest that future research may seek to enable more robust empirical substantiation of the DMSP postulate.
Symmetries and physically realisable ensembles for open quantum systems
Authors: Warszawski Prahlad , Wiseman Howard M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A D-dimensional Markovian open quantum system will undergo stochastic evolution which preserves pure states, if one monitors without loss of information the bath to which it is coupled. If a finite ensemble of pure states satisfies a particular set of constraint equations then it is possible to perform the monitoring in such a way that the (discontinuous) trajectory of the conditioned system state is, at all long times, restricted to those pure states. Finding these physically realisable ensembles (PREs) is typically very difficult, even numerically, when the system dimension is larger than 2. In this paper, we develop symmetry-based techniques that potentially greatly reduce the difficulty of finding a subset of all possible PREs. The two dynamical symmetries considered are an invariant subspace and a Wigner symmetry. An analysis of previously known PREs using the developed techniques provides us with new insights and lays the foundation for future studies of higher dimensional systems.
Consensus ranking for multi-objective interventions in multiplex networks
Authors: Pósfai Márton , Braun Niklas , Beisner Brianne A , McCowan Brenda , D’Souza Raissa M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
High-centrality nodes have disproportionate influence on the behavior of a network; therefore controlling such nodes can efficiently steer the system to a desired state. Existing multiplex centrality measures typically rank nodes assuming the layers are qualitatively similar. Many real systems, however, are comprised of networks heterogeneous in nature, for example, social networks may have both agnostic and affiliative layers. Here, we use rank aggregation methods to identify intervention targets in multiplex networks when the structure, the dynamics, and our intervention goals are qualitatively different for each layer. Our approach is to rank the nodes separately in each layer considering their different function and desired outcome, and then we use Borda count or Kemeny aggregation to identify a consensus ranking—top nodes in the consensus ranking are expected to effectively balance the competing goals simultaneously among all layers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of consensus ranking, we apply our method to a degree-based node removal procedure such that we aim to destroy the largest component in some layers, while maintaining large-scale connectivity in others. For any multi-objective intervention, optimal targets only exist in the Pareto-sense; we, therefore, use a weighted generalization of consensus ranking to investigate the trade-off between the competing objectives. We use a collection of model and real networks to systematically investigate how this trade-off is affected by multiplex network structure. We use the copula representation of the multiplex centrality distributions to generate model multiplex networks with given rank correlations. This allows us to separately manipulate the marginal centrality distribution of each layer and the interdependence between the layers, and to investigate the role of the two using both analytical and numerical methods.
Life cycle expression of inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus regnans and inter-generational stability of its mixed mating system
Authors: Griffin A Rod , Potts Brad M , Vaillancourt René E , Bell J Charles 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Many plants exhibit a mixed mating system. Published models suggest that this might be an evolutionarily stable rather than a transitional state despite the presence of inbreeding depression, but there is little empirical evidence. Through field experimentation, we studied the role of inbreeding depression in eliminating inbred progeny from the reproductive cohort of the forest tree Eucalyptus regnans, and demonstrate a stable mixed primary mating system over two successive generations.

Methods
Two field experiments were conducted using seed from natural populations. We sowed open-pollinated seeds to simulate a natural regeneration event and determined isozyme genotypes of dominant and suppressed individuals over 10 years. We also planted a mixture of open-pollinated, outcross and selfed families with common maternal parentage; monitored survival of cross types over 29 years; and determined the percentage of outcrosses in open-pollinated seed from a sample of reproductively mature trees using microsatellite analysis.

Key Results
Both experiments demonstrated progressive competitive elimination of inbred plants. By 29 years, the reproductive cohort in the planted experiment consisted only of outcrosses which produced seed which averaged 66 % outcrosses, similar to the estimate for the parental natural population (74 %).

Conclusions
Selective elimination of inbred genotypes during the intense intra-specific competition characteristic of the pre-reproductive phase of the life cycle of E. regnans results in a fully outcrossed reproductive population, in which self-fertility is comparable with that of its parental generation. The mixed mating system may be viewed as an unavoidable consequence of the species’ reproductive ecology, which includes the demonstrated effects of inbreeding depression, rather than a strategy which is actively favoured by natural selection.
Implementing the FAIR Data Principles in precision oncology: review of supporting initiatives
Authors: Vesteghem Charles , Brøndum Rasmus Froberg , Sønderkær Mads , Sommer Mia , Schmitz Alexander , Bødker Julie Støve , Dybkær Karen , El-Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Bøgsted Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCompelling research has recently shown that cancer is so heterogeneous that single research centres cannot produce enough data to fit prognostic and predictive models of sufficient accuracy. Data sharing in precision oncology is therefore of utmost importance. The Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) Data Principles have been developed to define good practices in data sharing. Motivated by the ambition of applying the FAIR Data Principles to our own clinical precision oncology implementations and research, we have performed a systematic literature review of potentially relevant initiatives. For clinical data, we suggest using the Genomic Data Commons model as a reference as it provides a field-tested and well-documented solution. Regarding classification of diagnosis, morphology and topography and drugs, we chose to follow the World Health Organization standards, i.e. ICD10, ICD-O-3 and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classifications, respectively. For the bioinformatics pipeline, the Genome Analysis ToolKit Best Practices using Docker containers offer a coherent solution and have therefore been selected. Regarding the naming of variants, we follow the Human Genome Variation Society's standard. For the IT infrastructure, we have built a centralized solution to participate in data sharing through federated solutions such as the Beacon Networks.