bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language planning and language ideologies in Guernsey
Authors: Sallabank Julia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Bailiwick of Guernsey is a small, semi-autonomous archipelago in the English Channel. Although it is a British Crown dependency and part of the British Isles, it has its own parliament and does not belong to the United Kingdom or the European Union. This unusual geopolitical situation means that the nation-state has little relevance. It is only recently that the indigenous former vernacular has been accorded any worth, at either grass-roots or government level: as its vitality declines (increasingly rapidly), its perceived value for individual and collective identification has grown. Although public opinion overtly supports indigenous language maintenance, and increasing its vitality is a stated aim (e.g., a government Language Commission was announced in 2012), effective top-down measures to increase the number and fluency of speakers appear to be low on the agenda. This article explores the implications of this socio-political background for language policy. It discusses language-related activities which reveal a lack of ideological clarification and strategic direction at all levels, compounded by issues of control, epistemic stance and language ownership.
Visible light-induced reduction system of diphenylviologen derivative with water-soluble porphyrin for biocatalytic carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Fujita Kohei , Ikeyama Shusaku , Amao Yutaka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
From the view point of green chemistry, CO2 utilization technologies with solar energy including the photoredox system have been received a lot of attention. As one of them, photoredox system containing a photosensitizer and a catalyst catalyzing a reaction of a carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2 as a feed stock were constructed. In a recent study, we reported the visible light-induced malate (C4 compound) production from pyruvate (C3 compound) and CO2 due to carbon–carbon bond formation with the system consisting an electron donor, a photosensitizer, diphenylviologen (PV2+) derivative as an electron mediator in the presence of malic enzyme (ME). However, the interaction between a photosensitizer and PV2+ derivative has not been clarified yet. In this study, water-soluble PV2+ derivative, 1,1′-bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (PSV2+) was synthesized, and its electro-, photochemical properties were evaluated. Moreover, the photoredox properties of PSV2+ with water-soluble Zn porphyrin were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and steady state irradiation. The fluorescence of Zn porphyrin was quenched by PSV2+ and the two-electron reduced form of PSV2+ were produced with Zn porphyrin with steady state irradiation. In addition, reaction solution containing triethanolamine, tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, pyruvate, ME, Mg2+ and PSV2+ in CO2 saturated bis-tris buffer (pH 7.4) was irradiated with visible light, the oxaloacetate and malate were produced. This result indicates that PSV2+ is an efficient electron mediator in the visible light-induced redox system for carbon–carbon bond formation with ME from CO2 as a feedstock.
An investigation of the melting process of RT-35 filled circular thermal energy storage system
Authors: Ebadi Soroush , Al-Jethelah Manar , Tasnim Syeda Humaira , Mahmud Shohel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
One of the main solutions to the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emission caused by burning fossil fuels is storing energy in an efficient way. In this work, the detailed melting process of RT-35 as a phase change material (PCM) inside a cylindrical latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) system is investigated both numerically and experimentally. To achieve this aim, an experimental setup comprising of a transparent vertical cylindrical enclosure as a latent heat TES system, a constant temperature bath, and a temperature regulator is built. Moreover, a numerical model using COMSOL multiphysics is developed to simulate the melting process and provide a more detailed information on the flow and thermal fields. The model is able to provide the temperature and velocity fields, heat transfer behaviour, melting fraction, and the trend of solid-liquid interface at different time intervals. To validate the numerical model, a comparison between melting fraction and solid-liquid interfaces of the numerical model and experimental work is conducted which shows a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.
Survivin Ser81 Plays An Important Role in PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sandra Ferry 
Published: September 2018

Background: Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Phosphorylated-Survivin at Ser81 was reported to provide cytoprotection against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in L929 cells by inducing a backloop activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Therefore Akt as a possible substrate of PI3K was investigated.Methods: L929 cells were pretreated with/without 50 μM LY294002 or 10 μM Perifosine, and infected with viral particle of Survivin, anti sense of Survivin, Ser81Ala mutated Survivin or vector only. Cells were then harvested, lysed and subjected to immunoblot assay to detect Akt, phosphorylated Akt (Ser473), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated-mTOR (Ser2448).Results: Survivin induced Akt and mTOR phosphorylations in a viral particle concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment of LY294002 or Perifosine prior to Survivin infection, attenuated Akt or mTOR phosphorylations, respectively. Low Akt or mTOR phosphorylations were observed when L929 cells were infected with Ser81Ala mutated Survivin.Conclusion: Ser81 phosphorylation site of Survivin played an important role in activating Survivin/PKA/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Keywords: survivin, Ser81, Akt, mTOR, LY294002, perifosine
Macrophyte diversity and trophic status of Sakhya Sagar Lake, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Authors: Arya Mohit , Mishra Anand Kumar , Bhat Musadiq Hussain 
Published: September 2018

Aquatic habitats provide suitable environment for supporting survival of a diversity of aquatic life forms. The study was conducted in Sakhya Sagar Lake which is situated inside the Madhav National Park Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. To assess the status and distribution of macrophytes, frequent trips were conducted in the study area. The plants were classified based on their habit and their presence was visually observed. A total of 16 plant species were recorded, of which 16 species, 5 species were sub-dominant, 6 species were common and 5 species were un-common. Among all the 16 plants 9 species are free floating, 4 species are submerged hydrophytes, 1 species is emergent type hydrophyte and 2 species are marginal hydrophytes. Aquatic macrophytes like Nymphaea nouchali, Nelumbo nucifera, Trapa natans, Ipomoea aquatica, Vallisnaria spiralis, Potamogeton crispus, and Azolla pinnata were recorded as the common plants of this lake. The trophic status and macrophyte diversity of Sakhya Sagar Lake has been discussed in the paper.
Deteksi dan analisis sekuen gen inhibitor proteinase pada beberapa klon kakao harapan tahan penggerek buah kakao dari Sulawesi Selatan Detection and sequence analysis of proteinase inhibitor gene in cacao clones putatively cacao pod borer-tolerant from South Sulawesi
Authors: JAYA Abdul Mollah  S. , ASWIDINNOOR Hajrial , SANTOSO Djoko 
Published: September 2018

Summary Cacao is socially and economically an important commodity for Indonesia, in which the cacao plantations have been challenged with a threatening pest, cacao pod borer (CPB). This research aimed to identify and clone PIN (proteinase inhibitor), a gene carrying resistance of plant to some chewing pests like CPB. The methodology included several experiments. Detection of PIN in cacao was done by PCR using PIN-specific heterologous primers and cacao genomic DNA as templates. Cloning vector pGEM-T was utilized to clone the PCR products. Sequence analysis was conducted with BlastX and Blast Special programs from NCBI. Alignment analysis to determine genetic similarity was performed with ClustalW from EBI. Thirteen of the 18 clones tested were detected to have PIN homologs. Two DNA fragments from cacao clones putatively tolerant to CPB, MJ-1 and LW-1, were sequenced. One of them, MJ-1 was cloned. Sequence analyses of the fragments of both cacao clones, indicated that they have PIN homologs and a very closed genetic relation with 96% level of similarity. Ringkasan Kakao adalah komoditas yang secara sosial maupun ekonomi penting bagi Indonesia, dimana perkebunan kakao menghadapi masalah serius hamapenggerek buah kakao (PBK). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengklon PIN (inhibitor proteinase), gen yang membawa sifat ketahanan tanaman terhadap hama ulat seperti PBK. Metodologinya terdiri dari beberapa percobaan. Deteksi PIN di dalam kakao dikerjakan dengan PCR menggunakan primer heterologous yang spesifik terhadap PIN dan DNA genomik kakao sebagai templetnya. Vektor kloning pGEM-T digunakan untuk mengklon produk PCR. Analisis sekuen dilakukan dengan program BlastX dan Blast spesial dari NCBI. Analisis penjajaran (alignment) untuk menentukan kemiripan genetik menggunakan program ClustalW dari EBI. Tiga belas dari 18 klon kakao yang diuji menunjukkan adanya homolog PIN. Dua DNA fragmen dari klon harapan tahan, MJ-1 dan LW-1, telah ditentukan sekuen nukleotidanya. Satu diantara-nya, MJ-1 berhasil diklon. Analisis sekuen kedua klon tersebut menunjukkan identitas sebagai homolog PIN dan keduanya memiliki kemiripan genetik yang tinggi.
Ekspresi fenotipe gen APETALA1 kakao (TcAP1) pada eksplan tembakau Phenotypic expression of cacao APETALA1 (TcAP1) in tobacco explant
Authors: CHAIDAMSARI Tetty , SAMANHUDI . , BUDIANI Asmini , POERWANTO Roedhy , SANTOSO Djoko 
Published: September 2018

Summary APETALA1 (AP1) is one of flowering identity genes that determines the formation of sepal and petal tissues. An AP1 homologue was cloned from cacao flowers by bio-techniques coupled with bio-informatics. Examination of phenotypic expression was conducted with transgenesis of the 35S-TcAP1 construct using leaf disk technique of tobacco leaf explants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PCR specific to TcAP1 demonstrated that the technique is effective in introducing the 35S-TcAP1 construct into tobacco plant cells. RT-PCR with total RNA from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plantlets showed that expression levels of the TcAP1 events varied. The variation of the transcript levels was comparable to the morphological phenotype of the tobacco plantlets grown in vitro. The cultures expressing TcAP1 at moderate levels, have developed into intact plantlets and set up flowers in vitro.Ringkasan APETALA1 (AP1) diketahui merupakan salah satu gen identitas pembungaan yang mengendalikan terbentuknya jaringan sepal dan petal. Homolog AP1 telah diklon dari organ bunga kakao (TcAP1) dengan kombinasi bio-techniques dan bio-informatics. Pengujian ekspresi fenotipe TcAP1 dilakukan dengan transgenesis konstruk konstitutif 35S-TcAP1 menggunakan teknik leaf disk eksplan daun tembakau dan mediasi Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Pengujian PCR spesifik TcAP1 menunjukkan bahwa teknik tersebut cukup efektif dalam mengintroduksikan konstruk 35S-TcAP1 ke dalam sel tanaman tembakau. RT-PCR dari daun planlet tembakau trangenik membuktikan bahwa tingkat ekspresi TcAP1 tersebut bervariasi. Perbedaan level ekspresi TcAP1 ini memberikan pengaruh yang nampak sebanding terhadap perkembangan morfologis planlet tembakau in vitro. Kultur yang mengekspresikan TcAP1 pada level sedang mampu beregenerasi menjadi planlet sempurna dan membentuk bunga in vitro.
Pengaruh elisitasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi alkaloida kinolin dari akar rambut tanaman kina (Cinchona succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch) Effect of elicitation on growth and alkaloid quinoline production in hairy root of cinchona plant (Cinchona succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch)
Authors: TORUAN-MATHIUS Nurita , NURHAIMI-HARIS . , SANTOSO Joko , ADE-HERI . 
Published: September 2018

Summary Manipulation to increase alkaloid producti-vity in hairy root can be done by elicitation with the addition of certain enzymes. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of elicitation by cellulase and pectyoliase enzymes on the productivity of Cinchona succirubra hairy root culture. Hairy root was cultured on ½ MS macro nutrient with the addition of 40 g/L sucrose and 7 g/L agar. Elicitation was done by the addition of cellulase and pectiolyase at the concentrations of 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.50; 1.00; 3.00; 5.00; 10.00; 15.00; 20.00 and 25.00 mg/L, respectively.The effect of elicitation was analyzed by fresh weight of hairy root, and alkaloid content in four-month-old culture.The result showed that the best growth was obtained by the addition of 15 mg/L cellulase, with fresh weight as much as 920 mg. The addition of 10 mg/L pectyoliase increased hairy root fresh weight as much as 880 mg. The highest quinoline alkaloid production was obtained by the addition of 25 mg/L celluase (Quinine 580, quinidine 492, cinchonine 234, dihydroxyn-chonine 195 and cinchonidine 165 µg/g fresh weight) and 1 mg/L pectyoliase (Quinine 2363, quinidine 238, cinchonine 104, dihydroxyn-chonidine 138 and cinchonidine 1558 µg/g fresh weight).Ringkasan Manipulasi untuk meningkatkan produk-tivitas akar rambut dapat dilakukan di antaranya dengan elisitasi melalui penambahan enzim tertentu ke dalam medium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan pengaruh elisitasi dengan penambahan selulase dan pektioliase terhadap produktivitas akar rambut tanaman Cinchona succirubra. Akar rambut tanaman Cinchona succirubradikulturkan dalam medium MS ½ hara makro dengan penambahan sukrose 40 g/L dan agar 7 g/L. Elisitasi dilakukan dengan penambahan selulase dan pektioliase masing-masing pada konsentrasi 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,50; 1,00; 3,00; 5,00; 10,00; 15,00; 20,00 dan 25,00 mg/L. Peubah yang diukur adalah bobot basah akar rambut dan kandungan alkaloida kinolin pada kultur berumur empat bulan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuh-an terbaik terjadi pada penambahan konsentrasi selulase 15 mg/L dengan bobot basah 920 mg dan pektioliase 10 mg/L dengan bobot basah 880 mg. Produksi alkaloida kinolin tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi selulase 25 mg/L (kinin 580, kinidin 492, sinkonin 234, dihidrok-sinkonin 195 dan sinkonidin 165 µg/g bobot basah) dan pektioliase 1 mg/L (kinin 2363, kinidin 238, sinkonin 104, dihidroksinkonin 138 dan sinkonidin 1558 µg/g bobot basah).
Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Authors: KASI Pauline Destinugrainy , SUMARYONO . 
Published: September 2018

Summary In vitro culture of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on an agar-solidified medium consists of somatic embryos of different sizes, colors, and developmental stages. One gram of mostly globular somatic embryos were cultured on a solid medium to observe their morphological variations with respect to embryo size, color, and developmental stage over one passage of six weeks culture. The medium was a modified-MS medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing 0.01 mg/L ABA and 2 mg/L kinetin. At the end of culture passage, fresh weight of embryo increased by 2.3 folds. The embryo numbers increased by more than two times indicating the formation of secondary embryos. The average size of sago somatic embryos did not change significantly over the culture period; however, the embryo size was already highly varied at the start and increased gradually as the embryo developed. At the initial of culture, 33.7 % of the embryos were yellowish, 64.1 % were greenish, and 2.2% were reddish. By the end of the culture the composition of yellowish embryos increased to 51.2 %, greenish embryo decreased to 42.5 % and red embryos increased to 6.3 %. At the initial culture, 61 % of the embryos were at the globular, 9 % at heart-shape and 30 % at torpedo stage. Generally globular embryos developed into later-stage embryos as the culture progressed, although almost 56% of the embryos remained at the globular stage after the sixth week.Ringkasan Kultur in vitro sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embrio somatik dalam berbagai ukuran, warna, dan fase perkembangan. Satu gram embrio somatik yang sebagian besar dalam fase globuler dikulturkan pada medium padat untuk mengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam hal ukuran, warna dan fase perkembangan dalam satu periode kultur enam minggu. Medium kultur adalah MS modifikasi dengan setengah hara makro serta penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh ABA 0,01 mg/L dan kinetin 2 mg/L. Pada akhir masa kultur bobot embrio segar meningkat 2,3 kali dibandingkan awal masa kultur. Jumlah embrio juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar lebih dari dua kali yang menunjukkan adanya pembentukan embrio somatik sekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio tidak berubah secara signifikan selama masa kultur akan tetapi ukuran embrio telah sangat beragam pada awal kultur dan terus meningkat hingga akhir kultur. Warna embrio mengalami perubahan selama periode kultur. Pada awal kultur dijumpai 33,7 % embrio berwarna kuning, 64,1 % embrio hijau, dan 2,2 % embrio merah. Pada akhir kultur presentase embrio kuning meningkat menjadi 51,2 %, embrio hijau menjadi 42,5 %, dan embrio merah 6,3 %. Pada awal kultur, dijumpai 61 % embrio pada fase globuler, 9 % fase bentuk-hati dan 30 % fase torpedo. Umumnya embrio globuler berkembang menjadi embrio fase lanjut selama kultur berlangsung, namun 56 % embrio masih tetap dalam fase globuler pada minggu keenam.
Pupuk organo-kimia untuk pemupukan bibit kelapa sawit Organo-chemical fertilizer for oil palm seedling fertilization
Authors: SANTI Laksmita Prima , GOENADI Didiek Hadjar 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe availability of high quality and quantity of oil palm seedling needs consistent support of fertilization programs for economic production. Organo-chemical fertilizer with rock phosphate and urea added was initiated to increased economic value of agriculture and estate crops residues. The prototype of organo-chemical fertilizer has 10% organic C, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K and 4% humic acid respectively. Based on greenhouse experiments, organo-chemical fertilizer treated to oil palm seedlings tends to provide a better vegetative growth of the seedlings. Dry weights of leave, stem, and root of the seedlings applied with 100 g organo-chemical fertilizer plus 10 g KCl to each seedling were significantly different compared to the standard dosage conventional fertilizer. This organo-chemical fertilizer could be applied as conventional fertilizer substitute.Ringkasan Ketersediaan bibit kelapa sawit ber-kualitas dengan kuantitas yang terus meningkat memerlukan dukungan program pemupukan yang konsisten untuk mencapai tingkat produksi yang ekonomis. Pembuatan pupuk organo-kimia dengan penambahan batuan fosfat dan N ditujukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah pertanian dan perkebunan. Prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini mengandung 10% C-organik, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K dan 4% asam humik. Pemberian 100 g pupuk organo-kimia yang ditambah 10 g KCl per bibit menghasilkan berat kering daun, batang, dan akar yang lebih baik dan berbeda nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan peng-gunaan pupuk konvensional dosis standar. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi pupuk konvensional untuk pemupuk-an bibit kelapa sawit.
Peningkatan kemantapan agregat tanah mineral oleh bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida Aggregate stability improvement of mineral soil by exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria
Authors: SANTI Laksmita Prima , DARIAH Ai , GOENADI Didiek Hadjar 
Published: September 2018

Summary Pseudomonas fluorescens PG7II.1, Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2, and Pseudomonas diminuta PG7II.9 have a potential to produce exopolysaccharide which help the formation and stabilization of soil aggregate. These bacteria have been isolated from the rhizosphere of Saccharum officinarum. Exopolysaccharide production in ATCC 14 liquid medium with sucrose was higher than that obtained from glucose, lactose, and 4-hydroxyphenil acetic acid (4-HAA) as a carbon sources. Producing of exopolysaccharide from these bacteria were 8.04 (P. fluorescens PG7II.1), 2.0 (Flavo-bacterium sp. PG7II.2) and 1.82 mg/mL (P. diminuta PG7II.9). Aggregate Stability Index (ASI) of mineral soil material was 114 when inoculated by these isolates after 60 days incubation period at ambient temperature. The ASI value of inoculated mineral soil material significantly different with uninoculated. The optimum of bacterial suspension to increase aggregate stability of mineral soil material was 12.5% (v/w) consisted of 109 CFU per mL. Ringkasan Pseudomonas fluorescens PG7II.1, Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2, dan Pseudomonas diminuta PG7II.9, memiliki potensi dalam menghasilkan eksopolisakarida untuk pem-bentukan dan kemantapan agregat tanah. Ketiga bakteri tersebut diisolasi dari rhizosfer Saccharum officinarum. Sukrosa merupakan sumber karbon terbaik untuk produksi eksopolisakarida di dalam medium cair ATCC 14 apabila dibandingkan dengan glukosa, laktosa, dan 4-hydroxyphenil acetic acid (4-HAA). Eksopolisakarida yang dihasilkan dari ketiga bakteri tersebut masing-masing 8,04 (P. fluorescens PG7II.1); 2,0 (Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2) dan 1,82 mg/mL (P. diminuta PG7II.9). Inokulasi ketiga isolat tersebut ke dalam bahan tanah mineral memberikan indeks stabilitas agregat (ASI) sebesar 114 setelah 60 hari inkubasi pada suhu ruang. Nilai indeks ini berbeda secara nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan bahan tanah mineral tanpa inokulan. Jumlah suspensi bakteri yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan nilai indeks stabilitas agregat di dalam bahan tanah mineral secara optimum ialah 12,5% (v/b), dengan jumlah populasi bakteri 109 CFU per mL.