bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning “Polish Boxes into German Houses”: On the Transformations of Architecture in Poland during the Second World War as Exemplified by the Changing Design of the Zajdensznir Tenement in Radom
Authors: Frejtag Jakub 
Published: August 2019

The issue of construction projects conducted by the Germans in occupied Poland is researched with increasing frequency by both historians and historians of architecture. One of the reasons for this is certainly the exceptional role of the works of architecture as historical documents that constitute a tangible reflection of the historical moment in which they were constructed. When viewed from this perspective, the case of one of Radom tenements acquires an almost symbolic significance. The Functionalist building was designed by the Lvov engineer Artur Haskler for Mr Hersz Zajdensznir and his wife, Róża; its construction began shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. It was intended to compete one quarter of the most prestigious sections of Radom’s city centre. The works were interrupted after the Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Both the architect and the owners of the tenement were Jews, which radically altered their position. The fate of Mr and Mrs Zajdensznir remains unknown. Haskler, who had been involved in the construction of the telecommunication network, which had begun in 1939 and was still unfinished, was allowed to stay outside the ghetto until the completion of the relevant works. In addition, he was ordered to alter the design of the Zajdensznir house, which was already under construction, so that it could be used as quarters for the staff of the German Postal Services East. The architect entirely changed the concept for his design. The original Functionalist form, representing a type of architecture not condoned by the Nazi authorities, was altered in keeping with the principles of Heimatschutzarchitektur; the building acquired a much more conservative form inspired by traditional architecture. The arrangement of the interiors was altered as well, attesting to the fact that Haskler had familiarised himself with the German norms regarding residential construction. The residence of the staff of the German Postal Services East, together with other edifices built in Radom by the Germans during the Second World War, as well as the very history of its construction, constitute a telling testimony to the history of the era. In the context of the urban design of Radom’s city centre, these edifices are valuable as historical monuments and they certainly enhance it as an original urban structure with successive morphogenetic units discernible with remarkable clarity.
Above Standard: Villas Designed by Jan Dudek-Kornecki as a Contribution to the Study of the Housing Culture of Affluent Residents of Poznań in the Last Decades of the People’s Republic of Poland
Authors: Korduba Piotr 
Published: August 2019

In the 1970s both sociologists and experts on housing culture correctly noted that a tendency towards consumerism was developing in Polish society. These tendencies were described as the neo-bourgeois lifestyle. This lifestyle was supposedly characterised by a focus on material possessions and prestige. The achievement of affluence was pronounced to be the life aim of this group, and the outward marks of affluence (and the acts of demonstrating them) to be an important element of favourable self-assessment. It was noted that these consumerist aspirations resulted from the citizens’ acceptance of Western models. It was also stated that the main indicators of this style were the apartment itself, its standard and equipment, and the culture of leisure time. Poznań in the last years of the communist government in Poland seems to be a particularly fitting place to exemplify the phenomena characterised herein. It has for a long time been associated (not only in popular perceptions) with the bourgeoisie, the entrepreneurial spirit, and affluence; scholarly research points to the same fact. In those days, a detached house for one family, or a villa – especially one constructed to an individually commissioned design and with equipment that exceeded standards in various aspects – was a clear and socially distinctive signal of status to a far greater extent than it is at present. Such buildings were commissioned by members of the affluent intelligentsia, but also by numerous private entrepreneurs. Jan Dudek-Kornecki (b. 1928) was particularly fashionable and sought after as a designer of such villas. His designs were a compromise between the aspirations of his clients, the restrictions imposed by construction law, and the availability of building and finishing materials. Nevertheless, in terms of equipment they differed significantly from contemporary residential quarters, mainly due to the presence of antiques and works of art, as well as unique pieces of contemporary furniture acquired from exhibitions at the Poznań International Fair or from the furniture factory in Swarzędz. The essay offers an analysis of the practices and strategies of deluxe living in Poland in the period before the 1989 breakthrough.
The Combine Effect of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) Manure and NPK Fertilizer on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)
Authors: Atakora K. , Agyarko K. , Dapaah H. K. , Asiedu E. K. , Baayim A. J. , Osei B. Y. , Kyere K. 
Published: August 2019

The use of inorganic fertilizer to produce most vegetables in Ghana like carrot is in ascendency in Asante Mampong and its environs and its continuous use has a rippling effect on soil health and productivity and the high cost of these fertilizers is a challenge to most poor resourced farmers in Ghana. A field experiment was conducted during the major raining season in 2010 at the University of Education Winneba, Faculty of Agriculture Education research field at Mampong in the forest-transitional zone of Ghana on the Bediase series. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of grasscutter manure in combination with NPK fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of carrot. The treatments were 300 kgNPK/ha, combination of half rate NPK fertilizer and different rates of grasscutter manure (GM) thus; (5tGM1/ha+150 kgNPK, 7.5tGM2/ha+150 kgNPK and 10tGM3/ha+150 kgNPK/ha) and control (without amendment) and the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results indicates that application of grasscutter manure in combination with NPK fertilizer significantly improved the soil physical conditions particularly, soil bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content than the NPK alone and the control. Compared with the control, the treatment combinations significantly increased soil organic carbon, N, organic matter concentrations and exchangeable cations. Plant height, number of leaves, tap root length and root yield of treatment combinations were higher than NPK and the control. Also the treatment combinations significantly reduced nematode presence and number of roots deformed. For good soil health, grasscutter manure in combination with NPK would be better than either manure or NPK alone.
The Validity of Wagner’s Law in India: A Post-liberalisation Analysis
Authors: Sharma Suraj , Singh Surendra 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The present study attempts to analyse the behavior of government expenditure in relation to national income using most appropriate advanced econometric techniques to test the Wagner’s law of increasing State’s activity in Indian scenario during the post-liberalisation period of 1988 to 2017.
Data: The study uses the IMF database entitled “International Financial Statistics” and World Bank database entitled “World Development Indicators” for testing Wagner’s law for the Indian economy.
Methodology: The study employs appropriate econometric techniques to our model where government expenditure is used as regressand and gross domestic product and urbanisation is used as regressors. The study first investigates for unit roots in data using ADF and PP tests. Further, to investigate any co-integration among variables the study employed Johansen co-integration test. Once co-integration is confirmed, a vector error correction model has been estimated and lastly, Granger causality test is applied to check for any causality.
Results: The results of Vector Error Correction Model reveal that both the Gross Domestic Product and the urban population have a positive and statistically significant effect on government expenditure in the long-run. Ceteris paribus, every 1.0 percent increase in GDP leads 0.36 percent increase in government expenditure. On the other hand, 1.0 percent increase in urban population leads to a 3.75 percent increase in government expenditure. The Granger causality results divulge that there is unidirectional causality running from urban population to government expenditure, whereas neither unidirectional nor bidirectional causality was found between GDP and public expenditure. In short-run, neither GDP nor urban population influences public expenditure.
Conclusion: To sum up, the present investigation provides support for Wagner’s law in case of India in the long run only. It has been found that urbanisation has a greater impact on public expenditure than the national income (GDP) and which is also supported by Granger causality test showing significant unidirectional causality running from level of urbanisation to government expenditure.
Psychological Interventions for Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hoppen Thole H. , Wessarges Lena , Jehn Marvin , Mutz Julian , Kip Ahlke , Schlechter Pascal , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: December 2024

ImportancePediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder, yet a comprehensive network meta-analysis examining psychological interventions is lacking.ObjectiveTo synthesize all available evidence on psychological interventions for pediatric PTSD in a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis.Data SourcesPsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs were searched from inception to January 2, 2024, and 74 related systematic reviews were screened.Study SelectionTwo independent raters screened publications for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trial (RCT) with at least 10 patients per arm examining a psychological intervention for pediatric PTSD compared to a control group in children and adolescents (19 years and younger) with full or subthreshold PTSD.Data Extraction and SynthesisPRISMA guidelines were followed to synthesize and present evidence. Two independent raters extracted data and assessed risk of bias with Cochrane criteria. Random-effects network meta-analyses were run.Main Outcome and MeasuresStandardized mean differences (Hedges g) in PTSD severity.ResultsIn total, 70 RCTs (N = 5528 patients) were included. Most RCTs (n = 52 [74%]) examined trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies (TF-CBTs). At treatment end point, TF-CBTs (g, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86-1.26; P &amp;lt; .001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; g, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.54-1.18; P &amp;lt; .001), multidisciplinary treatments (MDTs) (g, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.53-1.23; P &amp;lt; .001), and non–trauma-focused interventions (g, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.62-1.28; P &amp;lt; .001) were all associated with significantly larger reductions in pediatric PTSD than passive control conditions. TF-CBTs were associated with the largest short-term reductions in pediatric PTSD relative to both passive and active control conditions and across all sensitivity analyses. In a sensitivity analysis including only trials with parent involvement, TF-CBTs were associated with significantly larger reductions in pediatric PTSD than non–trauma-focused interventions (g, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.04-0.66; P = .03). Results for midterm (up to 5 months posttreatment) and long-term data (6-24 months posttreatment) were similar.Conclusions and RelevanceResults from this systematic review and network meta-analysis indicate that TF-CBTs were associated with significant reductions in pediatric PTSD in the short, mid, and long term. More long-term data are needed for EMDR, MDTs, and non–trauma-focused interventions. Results of TF-CBTs are encouraging, and disseminating these results may help reduce common treatment barriers by counteracting common misconceptions, such as the notion that TF-CBTs are harmful rather than helpful.
Engineering Semiconducting Polymeric Nanoagonists Potentiate cGAS‐STING Pathway Activation and Elicit Long Term Memory Against Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuan Haitao , Qiu Chong , Wang Xiaoxian , Wang Peili , Yi Letai , Peng Xin , Xu Xiaolong , Huang Wei , Bai Yunmeng , Wei Jinxi , Ma Jingbo , Wong Yin Kwan , Fu Chunjin , Xiao Wei , Chen Chunbo , Long Ying , Li Zhijie , Wang Jigang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer has an immunologically “cold” microenvironment, which leads to resistance to current immunotherapy. The activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has been thought a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, we adopted a comprehensive strategy that integrates innate immune responses with tumor‐targeting photothermal therapy (PTT) to simultaneously tackle multiple immune‐suppressive mechanisms in breast cancer. This semiconducting polymeric nanoagonists (DPTT‐Mn Lipo NPs) mediated PTT can effectively initiate tumor cell apoptosis and induce ICD, thereby reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME and activating STING. We confirmed the modulation of the TME through the PTT‐mediated ICD effect and the transactivation of the cGAS‐STING pathway in immune cells of the TME due to the released dsDNA via ICD, such as macrophages and DCs. Indeed, DPTT‐Mn Lipo NPs‐mediated PTT promoted M1 polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages, augmented T‐cell infiltration, facilitated dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and regulated type I interferon factor secretion, leading to efficient tumor suppression. Most importantly, the combination of DPTT‐Mn Lipo NPs‐based PTT with a checkpoint blockade therapy (anti‐PD‐1) can elicit long‐term immune memory besides tumor eradication. Collectively, this nano‐system can systemically activate antitumor immunity through STING activation and potentially establish long‐term memory against tumor recurrence.
Capture of Totipotency in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in the Absence of Pdzk1
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Zhao Yiding , Yang Zhe , Yan Jing , Wang Haisong , Nie Shaochen , Jia Qingshen , Ding Dan , Tong Chao , Zhang Xiao‐Ou , Gao Qian , Shuai Ling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTotipotent cells can differentiate into three lineages: the epiblast, primitive endoderm, and trophectoderm. Naturally, only early fertilized embryos possess totipotency, and they lose this ability as they develop. The expansion of stem cell differentiation potential has been a hot topic in developmental biology for years, particularly with respect to the generation totipotent‐like stem cells. Here, the study describes the establishment of totipotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via the deletion of a single gene, Pdzk1. Pdzk1‐knockout (KO) ESCs substantially contribute to the fetus, placenta, and yolk sac in chimera assays but can also self‐organize to form standard blastocyst‐like structures containing the three lineages efficiently; thus, they exhibit full developmental potential as early blastomeres. Single‐cell transcriptome and bulk RNA‐seq comprehensive analyses revealed that Pdzk1‐KO activates several lineage inducers (C1qa, C1qb, Fgf5, and Cdx2) to break down barriers between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, making these lineages switch smoothly and resulting in a totipotent‐like state. This versatile and scalable system provides a robust experimental model for differentiation potency and cell fate studies.
A Novel “Three‐in‐One” Copper‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Nanozyme Eradicates Colorectal Cancer and Overcomes Chemoresistance for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Dong Shuohui , Cao Haolin , Yuan Ye , Liang Shuo , Fu Zhendong , Shi Wei , Xu Qian , Zhao Xiang , Shi Jingnan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Guo Kaili , Hu Sanyuan , Zhang Guangyong , Gao Lizeng , Chen Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite considerable advancements in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), the overall survival rate for patients with advanced CRC remains below 50%, primarily due to challenges posed by drug resistance and metastasis. Here, a novel “Three‐in‐One” Cu‐based metal‐organic framework nanozyme with peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity has been successfully developed, aiming to promote CRC cell death by dual targeting of oxidative stress and copper ion homeostasis, which could promote CRC cell death via apoptosis and cuproptosis, and facilitate hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) degradation, leading to the reversal of chemoresistance in tumor therapy. These nanozymes, composed of copper and 2‐propylimidazole (Cu‐PrIm), feature a distorted Cu‐N4 catalytic active center that mimics natural enzyme structures consisting of copper and histidine residues, endowing them with enzyme‐like activities. The antitumor efficacy of Cu‐PrIm nanozymes is validated in various in vivo models of CRC. Especially Cu‐PrIm nanozymes exhibit excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a tolerable toxicity profile in mouse models, making them a strong candidate for clinical translation. Taken together, the study introduces a novel therapeutic paradigm in CRC treatment by targeting these vulnerabilities and leveraging the potential using “Three‐in‐One” Cu‐PrIm nanozymes to address multiple pathways simultaneously.
When should wheat phosphorus recommendations be based on build‐maintenance rather than sufficiency? An economic analysis
Authors: Cho Whoi , Brorsen B. Wade , Arnall D. Brian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents an economic analysis of two phosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendation approaches, sufficiency and build‐maintenance, in the context of Kansas and Oklahoma wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sufficiency seeks to meet crop needs rather than build soil fertility. Build‐maintenance, however, builds P levels to a target level of soil test phosphorus (STP) and then maintains that level by replacing the P removed by the crop. The Oklahoma and Kansas sufficiency approaches recommend less P than their build‐maintenance alternatives. The research objective was to determine when one approach is preferred over the other. Through dynamic simulation, the net present value (NPV) of these two alternatives was estimated under alternative scenarios. A meta‐analysis of previous experiments supported the assumption that with Mehlich‐3 STP levels of 15 mg kg‒1, yield would be 90% of maximum yield even when the recommended sufficiency levels were applied. The estimate from the meta‐analysis was a 9% yield loss, and the null hypothesis of no yield loss was rejected (p < 0.0001). The scenarios considered varied initial STP, yield potential, and prices. Sufficiency had a higher NPV under almost all 4‐year planning horizons. With a longer 20‐year planning horizon, build‐maintenance was always preferred. With an 8‐year planning horizon, the preferred system varied depending on assumptions with build‐maintenance preferred more often. The finding of build maintenance being more competitive in the long run should hold for other crops and locations using approaches like those in Oklahoma and Kansas.
Experimental analysis of a rotating cylinder electrode reactor: Hydrodynamics and mass transport
Authors: Vazquez A. , Cadena A. , Frontana C. , Morales‐Hernandez J. , Gonzalez L. , Rivera F. F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis report deals with the hydrodynamic and mass transport characterization in an rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) in continuous and batch configuration employing relatively simple techniques like obtaining the mixing time, polarization, and residence time distribution (RTD) curves. For batch configuration, the limiting current and Sh values were higher than for continuous configuration, indicating that the mixing pattern is influenced by possible flow inhomogeneities during the operation as a continuous mixing stirrer. This could diminish the amount of electroactive reactant that reaches the electrode surface, due to the possible shrinking of recirculation zones during the rotation of the cylindrical stirrer, forming channeling and by‐pass flow zones. These results could evidence the existence of slight deviations from the ideal mixer and other non‐ideality flow zones associated with the width of curves upon analyzing age function through RTD curves, at the different flow rates employed in continuous configurations.
Fast Seawater Desalination Integrated with Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Hu Huiling , Han Minxian , Lin Huan , Dai Jinhong , Shen Kaixiang , Li Minzhang , Chen Xuncai , Zarifzoda Afzalshoh Qahramon , Liu Fangzhou , Chen Yuan , Chen Fuming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCoupling desalination with electrocatalytic reactions is an emerging approach to simultaneously addressing freshwater scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the salt removal rate in such processes is slow, and the applicable water sources are often limited to those with high salt concentrations. Herein, we show high‐performance electrocatalytic desalination by coupling with electrochemical CO2 reduction using a carbon catalyst. A ZIF‐8‐derived carbon catalyst embedded with Cu nanoparticles delivers a high Faradaic efficiency of 94.3 % for CO production at 288 μmol cm−2 h−1. The efficient CO2 electroreduction generates high current densities, which drive fast salt ion transfer across ion exchange membranes. The integrated device enables one of the highest salt removal rates of 1043.49 μg cm−2 min−1 among various desalination methods. Drinking water can be obtained with an ion removal rate of 99 % when natural seawater is used as the water source.
Modular Synthesis of Dehydroprolines by an Energy‐Transfer Enabled Cloke‐Wilson Rearrangement
Authors: Marchese Austin D. , Rovis Tomislav 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA one‐pot photocatalytic method is reported for the generation of dehydroprolines, valuable precursors to 5‐aryl prolines. Imines, obtained via simple condensation of aminocyclopropane carboxylates (ACPC) with a broad range of aldehydes, were employed in this transformation without purification. We demonstrate this energy‐transfer (EnT) enabled Cloke‐Wilson‐type rearrangement affords both the rare 1,2‐dehydroprolines or the more thermodynamically favored 1,5‐isomers with up to >20 : 1 selectivity in both directions, using an identical catalytic system from the same starting material. Syntheses of intermediates of bioactive molecules in high yields and selectivity highlight this enabling transformation. Mechanistic studies support the proposed triplet‐triplet EnT mode of activation, distinct from the previously developed singlet excited states accessed via UV excitation.