bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Interleukin-31 gene polymorphisms with risk of cryptorchidism in a Chinese population
Authors: Zou Bing , Yu Zhihai , Huang Jing , Tan Chunlin , Wang Haiyun , Fu Jian , Li Xin , Wang Xiaojun , Cui Shu , Tang Tielong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the possible association between Interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene polymorphisms and cryptorchidism risk.
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-31, rs7977932 (C/G) and rs4758680 (C/A), were selected to be investigated in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to discriminate the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-31 gene. A hospital-based case-control study of 112 cryptorchidism patients and 425 healthy controls was conducted.
The frequencies of the C allele of rs4758680 in the patients with cryptorchidism were significantly higher compared with those in controls (89% vs 83%, P = .02, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0. 37–0.92). Compared with CC genotype in dominant model, notable decreased frequencies of A carriers (CA/AA genotypes) were observed in cryptorchidism patients (P = . 03, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.96).
Results demonstrated that IL-31 gene polymorphisms were associated with the genetic susceptibility to cryptorchidism in a Chinese population. Compared with CC genotype, the A carriers (CA/AA genotypes) of rs4758680 were protect factors in cryptorchidism susceptibility.
Single nucleotide and structural variants of CYP2D6 gene in Kinh Vietnamese population
Authors: Nguyen Ha Hai , Ma Thuong Thi Huyen , Vu Nhung Phuong , Bach Quynh Thi Nhu , Vu Thang Hong , Nguyen Ton Dang , Nong Hai Van 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

CYP2D6 genetic variations could result in alteration of CYP2D6 enzyme activity, leading to dissimilarity among individuals in regard of drug metabolism.
This study aims to detect all genetic variants, allele, and genotype frequencies of CYP2D6 gene in 136 unrelated healthy Kinh Vietnamese volunteers. All single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural variations (SVs) of CYP2D6 gene were identified by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay.
Totally, 30 SNVs and 9 SVs including a whole gene deletion, 8 hybrid structures, and tandem arrangements were identified. Of the 7 novel SNVs detected, the 3157G>T (R329L) substitution was predicted to be deleterious by PROVEAN; the 3851G>A (W358X) variant resulted in a truncated protein; and the 2988G>A variant located in the intron 6 was predicted to be capable of modifying splicing motif by Human Splicing Finder. We determined 29 different genotypes of CYP2D6 from 136 individuals. The most common alleles were the CYP2D6∗10 (43.75%), ∗1 (18.75%), and tandem arrangement ∗36-∗10 (12.13%).
This study provides best information on CYP2D6 polymorphism comprising the newly discovered SNVs, structural variations, and their frequencies in Kinh Vietnamese. These new data would be valuable in view of precise dosing of CYP2D6 metabolized drugs and giving better treatment outcome.
Fluoroscopic evaluation of the influence of needle gauge on epidural spread in caudal block
Authors: Sim Woo Seog , Park Hue Jung , Kwon Ji Hye , Oh Min Seok , Jung Hyun Joo , Cho Min Kyoung , Lee Jin Young 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Caudal block has limited injectate distribution to the desired lumbar level due to the relatively long distance from the injection site and reduction in the volume of injectate due to leakage into the sacral foramen. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of needle gauge on fluoroscopic epidural spread and to assess the correlation between the spread level and analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing caudal block. We retrospectively analyzed data from 80 patients who received caudal block for lower back and radicular pain. We categorized patients based on the epidural needle gauge used into group A (23 gauge), group B (20 gauge), and group C (17 gauge). Fluoroscopic image of the final level of contrast injected through the caudal needle and pain scores before the block and 30 minutes after the block recorded using a numerical rating scale, were evaluated. Of the 80 patients assessed for eligibility, 7 were excluded. Thus, a total of 73 patients were finally analyzed. Age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis, lesion level, lesion severity, and duration of pain did not differ among the 3 groups. All patients showed cephalic spread of contrast. Contrast spread beyond L5 was seen in 26.9% of patients in group A, 41.7% in group B, 39.1% in group C, and 35.6% overall; there was no significant difference among the groups (P = .517). Analgesic efficacy was not significantly different among the groups (P = .336). The needle gauge did not influence the level of epidural spread or analgesic efficacy in caudal block.
Moderate hypercapnia may not contribute to postoperative delirium in patients undergoing bronchoscopic intervention
Authors: Cheng Qinghao , Li Lei , Yang Mingyuan , Sun Lei , Li Renjiao , Huang Rui , Ma Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and whether acute hypercapnia contributes to postoperative delirium (POD) during bronchoscopic intervention under general anesthesia or deep sedation.
A prospective study was conducted with 119 consecutive patients who had undergone bronchoscopic intervention between February 2016 and December 2016 at the Emergency General Hospital.
Twenty-eight patients (23.8%) were diagnosed with POD. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the POD (n = 28) and the control group (n = 91). The mean age of the POD group was higher than that of the control group (P < .01). All the blood gas values, PaCO2 (P < .01), PaO2 (P < .01), and PH (P < .01), were significantly different. Multivariate analyses revealed that age (P < .01), operation duration (P = .01), and PO2 (P = .01) were independent predictive factors of POD, while hypercapnia (P = .54) was established as not being a predictive factor of POD.
Age, operation duration, and PO2 were determined as independent predictive factors of POD, whereas moderate hypercapnia is not likely to contribute to POD in patients undergoing bronchoscopic intervention. Clinical Trial Registration Identifier: ChiCTR-POC-15007483.
Enhancement of in vitro proliferation and bioactivity of human anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts using an in situ tissue isolation method and basic fibroblast growth factor culture conditions
Authors: Liu Ziming , Li Yuwan , Ren Youliang , Jin Ying , Yang Jibin , Wang Shengmin , Zhu Xizhong , Xiong Huazhang , Zou Gang , Liu Yi , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have reported poor proliferation and bioactivity of human anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts (hACLFs) after injury. As hACLFs are one of the most significant and indispensable source of seed cells in constructing tissue-engineered ligament, enhancing hACLF proliferation would offer favorable cellular-biological ability and induce the extracellular matrix secretion of hACLFs after loading on multiple types of scaffolds. Enhancing the bioactivity of hACLFs would improve tissue repair and functional recovery after tissue-engineered ligament transplantation. This study compared cells prepared by collagenase digestion and the in situ culture of tissue pieces and investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on hACLFs.

Methods:
Six adult patients participated in this study. Of these patients, tissues from three were compared after culture establishment through collagenase digestion or in situ tissue isolation. hACLF phenotypic characteristics were assessed, and the effect of bFGF on hACLF cultures was observed. hACLFs cultured with and without bFGF served as the experimental and control groups, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect proliferation. The expression of ligament-related genes and proteins was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and Western blot assays.

Results:
The morphology of hACLFs isolated using the two methods differed after the 2nd passage. The proliferation of cells obtained by in situ culture was higher than that of cells obtained by collagenase digestion. hACLFs cultured with bFGF after the 3rd passage exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the controls. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in ligament-related gene and protein expression in the hACLFs cultured with bFGF.

Conclusions:
The in situ isolation of tissue pieces enhanced hACLF proliferation in vitro, and the hACLFs exhibited phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts. hACLFs cultured with bFGF exhibited increased hACLF bioactivity.
Is the extirpative surgery for primary tumor helpful for the patients with metastatic urothelial cancer at the time of diagnosis?
Authors: Kim Jongchan , Park Sung Yul , Elghiaty Ahmed , Jang Won Sik , Heo Ji Eun , Park Jee Soo , Choi Young Deuk , Ham Won Sik 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The stagnant mortality rates for metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) have provoked efforts to find novel treatments. To test the utility of the extirpative surgery for primary tumor as an option for these patients, we investigated the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of surgery for primary tumors in metastatic UC patients.
We reviewed the medical records of 130 metastatic UC patients (bladder: 88, upper tract UC: 42) at diagnosis from November 2005 to November 2016. A total of 56 patients (surgery group) underwent chemotherapy with extirpative surgery for the primary tumor, and 74 patients (non-surgery group) received chemotherapy. We evaluated perioperative outcomes, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors related to OS and CSS using Cox regression models.
Surgery group showed similar perioperative outcome and postoperative complications to those previously reported in UC patients without metastasis, and fewer urinary complications than non-surgery group. Surgery group showed better oncological outcomes than non-surgery group for median CSS (16.0 vs 10.0 months, P = 0.014) and median OS (14.0 vs 9.0 months, P = 0.043). Multivariate analysis showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and metastasis to liver as significant predictors of CSS and OS. Surgery was not related with OS, but a significant predictor of CSS.
Extirpative surgery for primary tumor in metastatic UC can be feasible and it might have survival benefits, especially those patients with a tolerable general condition and no liver metastasis. In addition, LT reduces the possibility of a surgical procedure towing to urinary complications.
Current approaches to cleft lip revision
Authors: Garland Katie , Matic Damir 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Cleft lip repair requires multidisciplinary follow-up throughout a child's life and often requires lip revision surgery in adolescence to restore function and symmetry of the lip. There is significant variability in the approaches taken for lip repair and therefore a review of current techniques and subsequent guidance to secondary cleft lip repair is warranted.

Recent findings
New methods of secondary reconstruction can be divided into superficial or muscle related. Recent suggestions for superficial reconstruction include botulinum toxin injection, silicone gel sheeting, local flap reconstruction, fat grafting, and CO2 laser ablation. Suggestions for muscular reconstruction include pedicled prolabial flaps, modified Abbe flap, and orbicularis oris eversion.

Summary
Secondary cleft lip deformities can be classified as superficial or muscle related. Superficial problems require relatively minor treatments such as laser, local scar revisions, small local flaps, mucosal excision, or fat grafting. Muscle deformities generally require total lip revision and rerepair as a first step to achieving longstanding improvements in lip esthetics and function. Cleft lip revision should only be considered in concert with the patient, be based on the patient's concerns and desires, and offered at the appropriate timeline to improve social integration and/or psychosocial wellbeing.
Effect of a Systemwide Approach to a Reduction in Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Ferrari Sarah , Taylor Kristine 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Unit-based initiatives were deployed independently creating silos in practice variability across the system with little impact on reduction of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI).

Problem:
The goal was to decrease CLABSI systemwide by establishing standardized evidence-based practice (EBP) procedures to advance nursing practice.

Approach:
A new innovative method, the Ferrari Method for Practice Standardization, enhanced the quality infrastructure by merging EBP and lean methodology to translate nursing innovations into practice. Leveraging a culture of shared decision making to support autonomy, as well as collaborating interprofessionally, allowed the organization to standardize and sustain CLABSI prevention.

Outcomes:
The Ferrari Method for Practice Standardization successfully reduced CLABSI rates by 48% over a 1-year improvement cycle. Eight standardized EBP clinical procedures were developed and implemented across the organization.

Conclusion:
The implementation of the Ferrari Method for Practice Standardization swiftly moves new knowledge into clinical practice to improve outcomes. Using standardized improvement methodology, it eases the interprofessional approval processes, maximizes autonomy, and focuses on quality care.
Using Virtual Site Visits in the Clinical Evaluation of Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Harris Melodee , Rhoads Sarah J. , Rooker Janet S. , Kelly Mary Alice , Lefler Leanne , Lubin Sandra , Martel Isis L. , Beverly Claudia J. 
Published: May 2019

Background
The use of telehealth technology to conduct virtual site visits is an innovative strategy for evaluating the performance of nurse practitioner (NP) students in remote settings. Although there is an abundance of studies on telehealth for the remote monitoring and assessment of patients, there are limited data on its use for evaluating NP students during clinical learning experiences.

Purpose
The purpose of this project was to understand the perspectives of NP students and faculty on the feasibility of using virtual site visits to evaluate the students' performance during clinical experiences.

Methods
Online surveys were used to collect student and faculty perspectives on the use of virtual technology during clinical site observations.

Results
Overall, students and faculty reported positive experiences with the virtual site visits.

Conclusion
Virtual site visits are feasible in most clinical settings.
Underreporting of Bloodborne Pathogen Exposures in Nursing Students
Authors: Black Thomas Lisa M. 
Published: May 2019

Background
Although nursing students perform many of the same procedures as licensed nurses, students are less skillful when handling sharps and are at higher risk of injury. Low rates of bloodborne pathogen (BBP) exposure reporting are described among students in all health care disciplines.

Purpose
This study describes reporting behaviors of undergraduate nursing students who experienced a needlestick injury during a clinical practicum experience.

Methods
This study implemented a retrospective survey design to query the BBP exposure experience of nursing students in prelicensure nursing programs.

Results
Of the 4140 survey responses, 6.6% (n = 274) of respondents sustained a percutaneous BBP exposure during a clinical practicum experience, and 52% (n = 127) of these exposures were not reported. Reasons for nonreporting included fear the student would “get in trouble,” that the incident would affect the student's clinical grade, and concern about being perceived as lacking clinical skill.

Conclusions
Bridging communication gaps between students and faculty is essential to ensure that students report BBP exposures to permit access to timely triage and exposure management.
Supplemental oxygen for the management of dyspnea in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Schaeffer Michele R. , Molgat-Seon Yannick , Ryerson Christopher J. , Guenette Jordan A. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
This article presents a summary of the evidence relating to supplemental oxygen use for the management of dyspnea in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Recent findings
In contrast to the majority of the available literature, recent findings suggest that supplemental oxygen can significantly reduce exertional dyspnea in ILD. ILD patients’ need for supplemental oxygen often surpasses the levels that the most commonly used oxygen delivery systems provide. More effective delivery of supplemental oxygen has the potential for greater relief of dyspnea. There is also evidence suggesting that indications for supplemental oxygen may differ in ILD compared with other chronic lung diseases.

Summary
Large clinical trials are needed to determine if the reductions in dyspnea with supplemental oxygen observed in the laboratory setting can translate into meaningful benefits in everyday life for patients with ILD. More effective and practical oxygen delivery systems are needed. Future guidelines should consider including recommendations addressing the potential role of supplemental oxygen for mildly hypoxemic patients with ILD as well as recommendations specific to supplemental oxygen use for exercise training in ILD.
Interdisciplinary management of chronic breathlessness
Authors: Reilly Charles C. , Brighton Lisa Jane , Maddocks Matthew 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Breathlessness is a common yet complex symptom of advanced disease. Effective management will most likely draw upon the skills of multiple disciplines and professions. This review considers recent advances in the management of chronic breathlessness with regards to interdisciplinary working.

Recent findings
There are growing data on interventions for chronic breathlessness that incorporate psychosocial mechanisms of action, for example, active mind–body treatments; and holistic breathlessness services that exemplify interprofessional working with professionals sharing skills and practice for user benefit. Patients value the personalized, empathetic and understanding tenor of care provided by breathlessness services, above the profession that delivers any intervention. Workforce training, decision support tools and self-management interventions may provide methods to scale-up these services and improve reach, though testing around the clinical effects of these approaches is required.

Summary
Chronic breathlessness provides an ideal context within which to realize the benefits of interdisciplinary working. Holistic breathlessness services can commit to a comprehensive approach to initial assessment, as they can subsequently deliver a wide range of interventions suited to needs as they are identified.
Multidimensional measurement of breathlessness: recent advances
Authors: Williams Marie T. , Johnston Kylie N. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Breathlessness is a multidimensional sensation for which a range of instruments exists for children, youth and adults, capable or unable to self-report distress with breathing. This review presents developments and applications of multidimensional assessments of breathlessness.

Recent findings
Excluding unidimensional measures and instruments assessing the impact of breathlessness, at least eight psychometrically robust instruments exist, which comprehensively assess one or more specific domains of the sensation of breathlessness (intensity, sensory quality, affective distress). These instruments have evolved from modest beginnings (describing breathlessness in various patient cohorts) to a growing use as primary or secondary outcomes in observational, clinical, and experimental trials exploring breathlessness mechanisms and intervention effects. For adults and children unable to autonomously communicate breathing discomfort, instruments include combinations of physiological and behavioural markers of distress. Nonverbal (graphic scales) have potential use beyond paediatric applications.

Summary
Traditionally, breathlessness has been considered as a ‘black box’ with unidimensional measures reflecting box size (intensity, unpleasantness). Multidimensional instruments reveal the composition of the black box of breathlessness allowing detailed descriptions of an individual's breathlessness experience, quantification of sensory qualities, affective distress, and emotional responses with the potential to capture change over time and treatment effects in each dimension.
Climate change effects on Black Sigatoka disease of banana
Authors: Bebber Daniel P. 
Published: May 2019

Climate change has significantly altered species distributions in the wild and has the potential to affect the interactions between pests and diseases and their human, animal and plant hosts. While several studies have projected changes in disease distributions in the future, responses to historical climate change are poorly understood. Such analyses are required to dissect the relative contributions of climate change, host availability and dispersal to the emergence of pests and diseases. Here, we model the influence of climate change on the most damaging disease of a major tropical food plant, Black Sigatoka disease of banana. Black Sigatoka emerged from Asia in the late twentieth Century and has recently completed its invasion of Latin American and Caribbean banana-growing areas. We parametrize an infection model with published experimental data and drive the model with hourly microclimate data from a global climate reanalysis dataset. We define infection risk as the sum of the number of modelled hourly spore cohorts that infect a leaf over a time interval. The model shows that infection risk has increased by a median of 44.2% across banana-growing areas of Latin America and the Caribbean since the 1960s, due to increasing canopy wetness and improving temperature conditions for the pathogen. Thus, while increasing banana production and global trade have probably facilitated Black Sigatoka establishment and spread, climate change has made the region increasingly conducive for plant infection.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.