bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tRNA‐associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases
Authors: Zhu Chunsheng , Sun Bao , Nie Anzheng , Zhou Zheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransfer RNA (tRNA), often considered as a housekeeping molecule, mainly participates in protein translation by transporting amino acids to the ribosome. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence has shown that tRNAs are closely related to various physiological and pathological processes. The proper functioning of the immune system is the key to human health. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationships between tRNAs and the immune system. We detail the biogenesis and structure of tRNAs and summarize the pathogen tRNA‐mediated infection and host responses. In addition, we address recent advances in different aspects of tRNA‐associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases, such as tRNA molecules, tRNA modifications, tRNA derivatives and tRNA aminoacylation. Therefore, tRNAs play an important role in immune regulation. Although our knowledge of tRNAs in the context of immunity remains, for the most part, unknown, this field deserves in‐depth research to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases.
DBBM shows no signs of resorption under inflammatory conditions. An experimental study in the mouse calvaria
Authors: Kuchler Ulrike , dos Santos Gabriel Mulinari , Heimel Patrick , Stähli Alexandra , Strauss Franz Josef , Tangl Stefan , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesDeproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is not resorbable. However, the behavior of DBBM under inflammatory conditions remains unclear. Aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the resorption of DBBM under local inflammatory conditions in vivo using the calvarial osteolysis model.MethodsIn thirty adult BALB/c mice, DBBM was implanted into the space between the elevated soft tissue and the calvarial bone. Inflammation was induced either by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection or by polyethylene particles (Ceridust) mixed with DBBM. Three modalities were randomly applied (n = 10 each): (a) DBBM alone (control), (b) DBBM + LPS, and (c) DBBM + polyethylene particles (Ceridust). Mice were euthanized on day fourteen, and each calvarium was subjected to histological and µCT analysis. Primary outcome was the size distribution of the DBBM particles. Secondary outcome was the surface erosion of the calvarial bone.ResultsHistological and µCT analysis revealed that the size distribution and the volume of DBBM particles in the augmented site were similar between DBBM alone and the combinations with LPS or polyethylene particles. Moreover, histological evaluation showed no signs of erosions of DBBM particles under inflammatory conditions. µCT analysis and histology further revealed that LPS and the polyethylene particles, but not the DBBM alone, caused severe erosions of the calvarial bone as indicated by large voids representing the massive compensatory new immature woven bone formation on the endosteal surface.ConclusionsLocal calvarial bone but not the DBBM particles undergo severe resorption and subsequent new bone formation under inflammatory conditions in a mouse model.
Does the oral steroid treatment of patients with nasal polyposis cause osteopenia or osteoporosis?
Authors: Sahlstrand‐Johnson Pernilla , Holmström Mats , Ehnhage Anders 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of Swedish patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) with or without asthma, as well as to evaluate whether the treatment of this patient group is in accordance with the EPOS recommendations.Design, settings and participantsAdult patients with a diagnosis of CRSwNP, and a history of at least two courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS) during the last year, were consecutively included in this study at five centres.Main outcome measuresThe BMD of the patients was measured by Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the only technology for classifying BMD according to the criteria established by WHO.ResultsA total of 51 patients, with an average number of 7 years with OCS treatment, were enrolled. During the last 12 months, the mean number of OCS courses was 2.76, and the total mean intake was 891 mg of Prednisone equivalents. According to the T‐scores, 17 patients were measured to have ≤−1 SD T‐score lumbar spine, which is considered to be osteopenia, and five patients had <−2.5 SD T‐score, considered as osteoporosis. However, when taking age and gender into account and analysing the Z‐scores, only 2 patients had a reduced density of the spine and none in the hip, which is no difference compared to a matched Swedish population.ConclusionsThis prospective study shows that 2‐3 moderate courses of OCS annually may be used without high risk of causing osteopenia/osteoporosis in patients with CRSwNP.
Moderately common plants show highest relative losses
Authors: Jansen Florian , Bonn Aletta , Bowler Diana E. , Bruelheide Helge , Eichenberg David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNature conservation efforts often focus on rare species. Common and moderately common species, however, receive much less attention. Our analysis of occupancy change of flora using a grid survey in 1980 and a habitat mapping survey in 2000 in Northeast Germany revealed significant losses for most of the 355 modeled plant species. Highest losses were recorded for moderately common species. Plant species occurring in 20–40% of grid cells declined on average by 50% in 20 years, although there were some methodological uncertainties. We found no correlation between occupancy decline and Red List category, but habitat loss seems to be a main driver. We suggest to rethink conservation indicators by including previously common species in monitoring. Our approach to estimating trends, using the association of species to habitat types and occupancy–area relationships, can be applied to other regions with heterogeneous resurvey data, but it cannot replace urgently needed monitoring schemes.
Primary stabbing headache in children and adolescents
Authors: Ahmed Mas , Canlas Johnny , Mahenthiran Midusa , Al‐Ani Shatha 
Published: September 2019

AimTo examine the characteristics of primary stabbing headache (PSH) in typically developing children and adolescents.MethodIn this prospective non‐interventional hospital‐based study, we examined 42 eligible individuals (24 females, 18 males; 26 white; mean age 12y 1mo, range 6y–16y 1mo) with spontaneous transient stabs. A headache focused history and/or a headache diary was obtained from each patient. All patients had normal neurological examination. Diagnosis of primary headache was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (ICHD‐3) beta version.ResultsDuration of stabs ranged from a few seconds to up to 10 minutes. Stabs were located in a variety of sites on the cranium but mostly in the extra‐trigeminal regions (n=28). Intensity of stabs varied from moderate (n=4) to severe (n=38). The frequency of the stabs ranged from daily to monthly. There were up to 50 stabs per headache attack. Stabs among our patients occurred independently from those caused by other primary headache types. Accompanying symptoms during stabs were reported by eight patients. Family history of primary headaches was identified (n=17). Familial transmission of PSH was recognized among two patients. All patients had normal brain magnetic resonance imaging.InterpretationThe presentation and nature of PSH in children and adolescents varies widely. PSH in children may be a different entity to that in adults, and there is a need for further research to support changes in the ICHD‐3 criteria for PSH in children and adolescents.What this paper adds

Presentation of childhood primary stabbing headache (PSH) varies widely.

Duration of PSH could last from a few seconds up to 10 minutes.
Effect of intravenous alteplase on ischaemic lesion water homeostasis
Authors: Broocks G. , Kniep H. , Kemmling A. , Flottmann F. , Nawabi J. , Elsayed S. , Schön G. , Thomalla G. , Fiehler J. , Hanning U. 
Published: September 2019

Background and purposeIntravenous (IV) lysis with alteplase is known to increase biomarkers of blood–brain barrier breakdown and has therefore been associated with secondary injuries such as hemorrhagic transformation. The impact of alteplase on brain edema formation, however, has not been investigated yet. The purpose was to examine the effects of IV alteplase on ischaemic lesion water homeostasis differentiated from final tissue infarct in patients with and without successful endovascular therapy (sET).MethodsIn all, 232 middle cerebral artery stroke patients were analyzed. 147 patients received IV alteplase, of whom 106 patients received subsequent sET. Out of 85 patients without IV alteplase, 50 received sET. Ischaemic brain edema was quantified at admission and follow‐up computed tomography using quantitative lesion net water uptake (NWU) and its difference was calculated (ΔNWU). The relationship of alteplase on ΔNWU and edema‐corrected final infarct volume was analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression models.ResultsThe mean ΔNWU was 11.8% (SD 7.9) in patients with alteplase and 11.5% (SD 8.3) in patients without alteplase (P = 0.8). Alteplase was not associated with lowered ΔNWU whilst being associated with reduced edema‐corrected tissue infarct volume [−27.4 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) −49.4 to −5.4 ml; P = 0.02], adjusted for the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score and recanalization status. In patients with sET, ΔNWU was 10.5% (95% CI 6.3%–10.5%) for patients with IV alteplase and 8.4% (95% CI 9.1%–12.0%) for patients without IV alteplase.ConclusionThe application of IV alteplase did not significantly alter ischaemic lesion water homeostasis but was associated with reduced edema‐corrected tissue infarct volume, which might be directly linked to improved functional outcome.
Ambiguity as Dream Mentation: Supermasculinity and Ambivalence in American Dreams
Authors: Mageo Jeannette 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmbiguity, this paper argues, is not merely a property of dream imagery, but ignites a process that is dreaming thinking. When images are ambiguous, the mind cannot fix on a single meaning. Hence dream ambiguity catalyzes a play of possible meanings that implicitly raises questions, not only about personal memories but also about those cultural models that these memories evoke. Dream thinking, then, renders people's ongoing subjective reactions to culture into images. Through data from a 2004 to 2009 study of Northwest American student dreams and life histories, I propose that people think within dreams by representing daily ambivalences as visual ambiguities. Excerpts from this dream study illustrate seven types of visual ambiguity in dreams. Implicit in this taxonomy is a method of cultural dream interpretation that I present through an analysis of a full dream from a young man, Clarence. Through this analysis I show how ambiguities in Clarence's dream represent his ambivalence about an American masculinity model—one that may underlie the school shootings that are now so common in the United States.
American Marriage Revisited in the Light of Human Evolution
Authors: Quinn Naomi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article argues for the value of interdisciplinarity by attempting to integrate an evolutionary theory of human ontogeny with psychodynamic perspectives to explain the origins of an American cultural schema of marriage. Specifically, I draw on the work of evolutionary psychologist Michael Tomasello to propose that key features of the American “cultural” schema for marriage—commitment to it and the expectations it be shared, mutually beneficial, and lasting—are understandings that arise largely out of young human children's capabilities for emotional alignment or attunement and, thereafter, for fully developed joint intentionality. This focus of the American marital relationship on joint intentionality, and on even earlier beginnings of shared intentionality, I interpret as evidence—drawing on psychodynamic theory—that marriage as an American institution is largely a defense, a regression, that allows a return or “retreat” to feelings of dependency never fully resolved in adulthood because of the extreme emphasis on independence and self‐reliance in American child‐rearing. [cultural schemas, defense mechanisms, evolutionary psychology, marriage]
Cultivating Affection‐Laden Hierarchy: Embodied Moral Socialization of Vòng Tay (Khoanh Tay) with Children in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Fung Heidi , Thu Mai Thị 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBy adopting a discursive practice approach, this work examines how embodied deference rituals were practiced by Vietnamese children in the Mekong Delta region. Sixty‐two video‐recorded events of vòng tay/khoanh tay performed by 23 children (ages 1.5 to 12 years) were identified; of those, 51 events performed by 12 preschool‐aged children were most rigorous and demanding. On the occasions of greeting/departing, thanking, and apology/discipline and through various communicative channels, four‐generation caregivers played different roles to coach children in proper postural display and verbal respect with affection. Children actively participated in these recurrent family interactions and acquired the cultural meaning of affection‐laden social hierarchy at a young age. Such socialization practices ensure the stability of a hierarchical structure, strengthen the mutual bond between novices and their seniors or superiors, and lay the sociocultural foundation of politeness, filial piety, and sacrifice in the family and in society at large.[affection, embodied moral socialization, social hierarchy, Vietnamese children]
Grazing simplifies soil micro‐food webs and decouples their relationships with ecosystem functions in grasslands
Authors: Wang Bing , Wu Liji , Chen Dima , Wu Ying , Hu Shuijin , Li Linghao , Bai Yongfei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLivestock grazing often alters aboveground and belowground communities of grasslands and their mediated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling processes at the local scale. Yet, few have examined whether grazing‐induced changes in soil food webs and their ecosystem functions can be extrapolated to a regional scale. We investigated how large herbivore grazing affects soil micro‐food webs (microbes and nematodes) and ecosystem functions (soil C and N mineralization), using paired grazed and ungrazed plots at 10 locations across the Mongolian Plateau. Our results showed that grazing not only affected plant variables (e.g., biomass and C and N concentrations), but also altered soil substrates (e.g., C and N contents) and soil environment (e.g., soil pH and bulk density). Grazing had strong bottom‐up effects on soil micro‐food webs, leading to more pronounced decreases at higher trophic levels (nematodes) than at lower trophic levels (microbes). Structural equation modeling showed that changes in plant biomass and soil environment dominated grazing effects on microbes, while nematodes were mainly influenced by changes in plant biomass and soil C and N contents; the grazing effects, however, differed greatly among functional groups in the soil micro‐food webs. Grazing reduced soil C and N mineralization rates via changes in plant biomass, soil C and N contents, and soil environment across grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau. Spearman's rank correlation analysis also showed that grazing reduced the correlations between functional groups in soil micro‐food webs and then weakened the correlation between soil micro‐food webs and soil C and N mineralization. These results suggest that changes in soil micro‐food webs resulting from livestock grazing are poor predictors of soil C and N processes at regional scale, and that the relationships between soil food webs and ecosystem functions depend on spatial scales and land‐use changes.
Effect of Li2O substitution on structures and properties of Nd3+‐doped Al(PO3)3‐Li2O glasses
Authors: Guo Mengting , Yue Yu , Yu Jingbo , Shao Chongyun , Ren Jinjun , Wang Xin , Hu Lili 
Published: September 2019

Abstract99.8[(1−x%)Al(PO3)3−x%Li2O]‐0.2Nd2O3 glasses (mol%, x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) were prepared by high‐temperature melt and quenching method. The effect of Li2O replacing Al(PO3)3 on the physical, mechanical, and optical properties was correlated with the network structures and the local environment around Nd3+ ions, which were obtained via Raman scattering spectra, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. SSNMR results indicate that the addition of Li+ ions cannot affect the connectivity between P and Al while it can break the P‐O‐P linkages resulting in the depolymerization of glass networks. EPR spectra indicate an increasing engagement of lithium around Nd3+ ions with the increase of Li2O. The Judd‐Ofelt (J‐O) parameters Ω4,6 increase, but Ω2 decreases. The emission cross section at 1053 nm and quantum efficiency are improved by 27% and 31%, respectively. The work is helpful for understanding the evolution mechanism of emission properties and structures in Nd3+‐doped Al(PO3)3‐Li2O phosphate glasses.
Useful prognostic tools based on complete blood cell counts in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Shimono Joji , Takahashi Shogo , Takemura Ryo , Kakinoki Yasutaka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent lymphoma. Three prognostic factors are widely used in DLBCL: International Prognostic Index (IPI), Revised‐IPI (R‐IPI), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network‐IPI (NCCN‐IPI).MethodWe established a prognostic model using peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte/absolute monocyte counts ratio (LMR), hemoglobin, and platelet counts obtained from complete blood cell counts (CBC) data at diagnosis based on 214 cases of DLBCL who received more than one course of R‐CHOP therapy at a single institution.ResultsThe cutoff values for using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for LMR, hemoglobin, and platelet counts were 1.6, 100 g/L, and 150 × 109/L, respectively. Stratification was performed using the three factors (LMR < 1.6, hemoglobin < 100 g/L, and platelet counts < 150 × 109/L). CBC Group 1 (none of the 3 factors) included 92 cases, CBC Group 2 (1 or 2 of these factors) included 108 cases, and CBC Group 3 (all 3 factors) included 11 cases. The 5‐year OS rates were 78.2%, 60.9%, and 10.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, CBC Group 3 (hazard ratio, 2.9760; 95% confidence interval, 1.2670‐6.991; P = .01) were prognostic factors for OS. CBC Group 3 had factors based on which the further stratification of the poor prognosis group into IPI high‐risk and R‐IPI poor‐risk groups (P = .01, <.0001, respectively) was possible.ConclusionsIn DLBCL, combination of three CBC parameters has the potential to be a useful prognostic tool.
Tetrahedral amorphous boron nitride: A hard material
Authors: Durandurdu Murat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe generate a tetrahedrally coordinated amorphous boron nitride (BN) model by means of first principles molecular dynamics calculations and report its mechanical and electrical properties in detail. The amorphous configuration is almost free from chemical disorder and consists of about 20% coordination defects, similar to tetrahedral (diamond‐like) amorphous carbon. Its theoretical band gap energy is about 2.0 eV, less than 4.85 eV estimated for cubic BN. The bulk modulus and Vickers hardness of tetrahedral amorphous BN are computed as 206 GPa and 28‐35 GPa, respectively. Based on these findings, we propose that tetrahedral noncrystalline BN can serve as electronic and hard materials as well.
A qualitative inquiry on recovery needs and resources of individuals with intellectual disabilities labelled not criminally responsible
Authors: Aga Natalie , Vander Laenen Freya , Vandevelde Stijn , Vanderplasschen Wouter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecovery is a widely accepted paradigm in mental health care, whilst the correctional and forensic–psychiatric field is still searching for foundations for its implementation. Knowledge regarding recovery of persons with intellectual disabilities in secure contexts is limited. This study assesses recovery needs and resources among persons with intellectual disabilities labelled not criminally responsible and investigates the impact of the judicial label on recovery processes.MethodsA sample of 26 individuals was composed purposively, and in‐depth interviews were conducted. Recurrent themes were identified using thematic analysis.ResultsTraditional recovery themes emerged from the narratives, next to aspects of recovery in a forensic or correctional context. However, the operationalization and proportional impact are specific for this sample.ConclusionsThe social dimension overarches all other recovery dimensions. The integration of an explicit social rhetoric is imperative, including contextual, relational, interactional and societal dimensions. This offers pathways to reverse the traditional, paternalistic model of exclusion and classification.
Dynamic phenotypic correlates of social status and mating effort in male and female red junglefowl, Gallus gallus
Authors: Carleial Rômulo , McDonald Grant C. , Pizzari Tommaso 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite widespread evidence that mating and intrasexual competition are costly, relatively little is known about how these costs dynamically change male and female phenotypes. Here, we test multiple hypotheses addressing this question in replicate flocks of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). First, we test the interrelationships between social status, comb size (a fleshy ornament) and body mass at the onset of a mating trial. While comb size covaried positively with body mass across individuals of both sexes, comb size was positively related to social status in females but not in males. Second, we test for changes within individuals in body mass and comb size throughout the mating trial. Both body mass and comb size declined at the end of a trial in both sexes, suggesting that mating effort and exposure to the opposite sex are generally costly. Males lost more body mass if they (a) were socially subordinate, (b) were chased by other males or (c) mated frequently, indicating that subordinate status and mating are independently costly. Conversely, females lost more body mass if they were exposed to a higher frequency of coerced matings, suggesting costs associated with male sexual harassment and female resistance, although costs of mating per se could not be completely ruled out. Neither competitive nor mating interactions predicted comb size change in either sex. Collectively, these results support the notion that sex‐specific costs associated with social status and mating effort result in differential, sex‐specific dynamics of phenotypic change.