bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisomycin Activates Utrophin Upregulation Through a p38 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hadwen Jeremiah , Farooq Faraz , Witherspoon Luke , Schock Sarah , Mongeon Kevin , MacKenzie Alex 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive X‐linked disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting; cardiac or respiratory failure causes death in most patients by the third decade. The disease is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that lead to a loss of functional dystrophin protein. Although there are currently few treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, previous reports have shown that upregulating the dystrophin paralog utrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models is a promising therapeutic strategy. We conducted in silico mining of the Connectivity Map database for utrophin‐inducing agents, identifying the p38‐activating antibiotic anisomycin. Treatments of C2C12, undifferentiated murine myoblasts, and mdx primary myoblasts with anisomycin conferred increases in utrophin protein levels through p38 pathway activation. Anisomycin also induced utrophin protein levels in the diaphragm of mdx mice. Our study shows that repositioning small molecules such as anisomycin may prove to have Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical utility.
Alcohol management practices in community sporting clubs: Validation of an online self‐report tool
Authors: McFadyen Tameka , Tindall Jennifer , Wiggers John , Kingsland Melanie , Sherker Shauna , Gillham Karen , Rowland Bosco , Heaton Rachael , Lecathelinais Christophe , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThose involved in organised sport have a high risk of excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harm, the implementation of alcohol management practices have been proven to reduce these risks. Measuring alcohol management practice implementation by sporting clubs is impeded by a lack of valid tools. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of online self‐report of alcohol‐management practices by community football clubs via comparison with observational methods.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken with a sample of community football clubs within Australia. The implementation of 12 alcohol management practices was collected via: (i) an online survey; and (ii) observational audit at a clubs home ground. The prevalence of implementation of alcohol management practices for both data collection methods was calculated as was percent agreement and Kappa/Prevalence Adjusted and Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) statistics.ResultsData were collected from 58 football clubs. For both assessment methods, implementation prevalence was greater than 80% for 6 of the 12 alcohol management practices. A total of 75% (n = 9) of practices had at least 70% agreement between the online and observation methods of assessment. Kappa/PABAK scores ranged from −0.08 (poor agreement) to 0.97 (almost perfect agreement).Discussion and ConclusionThe online survey provided valid measure of assessing some but not all alcohol management practices in community sporting clubs. The validity of the measure may be improved by enhancements to the manner in which the self‐report data are collected.
Natsumushi: Image measuring software for entomological studies
Authors: Tanahashi Masahiko , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Natsumushi is a free image analysis software that offers easy handling and quick measurement, designed especially for entomologists as the main users. The software enables measurement of: (i) color features of a specific region; (ii) area size; (iii) length of simple lines or polylines; and (iv) number of points or their x–y coordinates. Users can specify the region for measurement either manually or automatically by using image thresholding operations. The software is freely available at the website https://staff.aist.go.jp/t-fukatsu/Natsumushi.html.
Wood mice aggressiveness and flight response to human handling: Effect of individual and environmental factors
Authors: Hernández MªCarmen , Navarro‐Castilla Álvaro , Piñeiro Ana , Barja Isabel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have examined human disturbance repercussions on wildlife, mainly focused on the effects on behaviour, reproductive success and population dynamics. However, few studies have addressed the behaviour of prey species during and after human capture and handling and how this may correlate to individual characteristics or variation in their physical environment they inhabit. We explored wood mouse’s fleeing and aggressive behaviours in response to captures by human in their natural habitat. Eighty‐seven wood mice were caught using Sherman live traps. For each trapped individual, aggressiveness was measured as the total number of bites inflicted upon the investigator during handling time. Afterwards, each mouse was released in a two‐metre radius partially covered vegetation area that allowed visual mouse tracking by the observer and flight behaviour was registered by individual one‐zero focal sampling technique during 2 min. Both aggressiveness and fleeing behaviour were analysed regarding individual (sex, reproductive status, age) and environmental factors (habitat and season). Males, adults and breeding individuals showed heightened aggression levels. Higher aggressiveness levels were found in wood mice occupying scrubland and during summer and autumn. The flight response was exclusively explained by reproductive status, whereby breeding individuals spent more time on fast escape than nonbreeding ones. These results indicate that both individual and environmental factors seem to influence defensive behaviours in the wood mouse during and after being captured by a human. Since human disturbance shares many aspects with the predation risk, behavioural responses found to captures may likely be influenced by previous experience of individuals with predators as well as to seasonal and habitat features conditioning predators’ densities but also protection against them.
Mining Information from Collections of Papers: Illustrative Analysis of Groundwater and Disease
Authors: Zhang Yiding , Ji Xiaonan , Ibaraki Motomu , Schwartz Franklin W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe academic world is driven by scholarly research and publications. Yet, for many fields, the volume of published research and the associated knowledge base have been expanding exponentially for decades. The result is that scientists are literally drowning in data and information. There are strategies and approaches that could help with this problem. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the power of computer‐based approaches such as data mining and machine learning to evaluate large collections of papers. The objective is to conduct a systematic analysis of research related to the emerging area of groundwater‐related diseases. More specifically, the analysis of information from the database of papers will examine systematics in the research topics, the inter‐relationships among multiple diseases, contaminants, and groundwater, and discover styles of research associated with groundwater and disease. The analysis uses 426 papers (1971 to 2017) retrieved from a MEDLINE bibliographic database, PubMed, given the search terms “groundwater” and “disease.” We developed tools that take care of necessary text processing steps, which lead naturally to clustering and visualization techniques that demonstrate published research. The resulting 2D article map shows how the collection of papers is subdivided into 11 article clusters. The cluster topics were determined by analyzing keywords or common words contained in the articles' titles, abstracts, and key words. We found that research on water‐related disease in groundwater primarily focuses on two types of contaminants—chemical compounds and pathogens. Cancer and diarrhea are two major diseases associated with groundwater contamination. According to the systematic analysis, the study of this area is still growing.
Blood group O: A novel risk factor for increased postpartum blood loss?
Authors: Kahr M. K. , Franke D. , Brun R. , Wisser J. , Zimmermann R. , Haslinger C. 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionBlood group O is known to be associated with lower levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and with increased bleeding complications. The influence of blood group O on postpartum blood loss was assessed by a few studies, however, without adjustment for important obstetric risk factors for postpartum blood loss.AimAim of this study was to investigate whether women with blood group O exhibit increased blood loss after delivery in consideration of established risk factors for postpartum bleeding.MethodsA total of 1487 patients were prospectively included into this cohort study. Blood loss was assessed by estimated blood loss (in mL), and drop of haemoglobin (Δ haemoglobin) was calculated. Association of blood loss with risk factors (such as blood group O, cervical tears, morbidly adherent placenta, placenta praevia and uterine atony amongst others) was assessed with appropriate tests. Significant variables were entered into a stepwise multivariate regression analysis.ResultsWomen with blood group O showed a significantly higher blood loss when compared to women with blood group non‐O (529.2 mL ± 380.4 mL and 490.5 mL ± 276.4 mL, respectively, P = .024)). The increased blood loss in women with blood group O remained significant after multivariate regression analysis (difference 47 mL, P = .019).ConclusionThis is the first study reporting significantly increased blood loss following delivery in women with blood group O after adjustment for major risk factors for postpartum blood loss. Albeit having a statistically significant, but clinically minor effect on absolute blood loss, blood group O carriers may suffer from aggravated bleeding in the presence of additional obstetric bleeding pathologies.
Toll‐like receptor 4 signalling regulates antibody response to adenoviral vector‐based vaccines by imprinting germinal centre quality
Authors: Li Ruihua , Liu Ju , Wu Shipo , Zai Xiaodong , Li Yaohui , Yang Qiaoling , Hou Lihua , Xu Junjie , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAdenoviral vectors (AdV) are considered promising candidates for vaccine applications. A prominent group of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) participate in the adenovirus‐induced adaptive immune response, yet there is little information regarding the role of TLR4 in AdV‐induced immune responses in recent literature. We investigated the function of TLR4 in both adaptive and innate immune responses to an AdV‐based anthrax vaccine. By immunizing wild‐type and TLR4 knockout (TLR4‐KO) mice, we revealed the requirement of TLR4 in AdV‐induced innate responses. We also showed that TLR4 functions are required for germinal centre responses in immunized mice, as expression of the apoptosis‐related marker Fas was down‐regulated on germinal centre B cells from TLR4‐KO mice. Likewise, decreased expression of inducible costimulator on follicular T helper cells was observed in immunized TLR4‐KO mice. Moreover, a potent protective antigen‐specific humoral immune response was mimicked using an adjuvant system containing the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A. Overall, our findings showed that very rapid antigen‐specific antibody production is correlated with the TLR4‐imprinted germinal centre response to AdV‐based vaccine. These results provide additional evidence for the use of the AdV and a TLR agonist to induce humoral responses. Our findings offer new insights into rational vaccine design.
Flipping learning not just content: A 4‐year action research study investigating the appropriate level of flipped learning
Authors: Maycock K.W. , Lambert J. , Bane D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis action research study follows a between‐subject design strategy and attempts to identify whether a departure from a direct instructional teaching strategy towards a flipped learning pedagogy results in increases in student performance over time. In particular, the study considers the effects of integrating flipped learning pedagogic instruction into a Year 1, second‐semester undergraduate Computer Architecture module. The first year of the study represented a baseline year in which a traditional direct instructional teaching method was used. The three subsequent years of study involved the inclusion of increased proportions of flipped learning instruction. When removing the baseline year from the study and focusing on the years that included a flipped proportion of instruction only, the analysis showed statistically significant increases in learner performance for mature students as the module migrated towards a fully flipped delivery model. Positive increases associated with continuous assessment components of the modules were also observed across the population as the module migrated towards a flipped learning model. However, this apparent increase in learner performance showed no impact on the terminal examination scores across years, indicating that improved performance in continuous assessments was probably due to shallow learning.
A data‐driven procedural‐content‐generation approach for educational games
Authors: Hooshyar D. , Yousefi M. , Wang M. , Lim H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough game‐based learning has been increasingly promoted in education, there is a need to adapt game content to individual needs for personalized learning. Procedural content generation (PCG) offers a solution for difficulty in developing game contents automatically by algorithmic means as it can generate individually customizable game contents applicable to various objectives. In this paper, we advanced a data‐driven PCG approach benefiting from a genetic algorithm and support vector machines to automatically generate educational‐game contents tailored to individuals' abilities. In contrast to other content generation approaches, the proposed method is not dependent on designer's intuition in applying game contents to fit a player's abilities. We assessed this data‐driven PCG approach at length and showed its effectiveness by conducting an empirical study of children who played an educational language‐learning game to cultivate early English‐reading skills. To affirm the efficacy of our proposed method, we evaluated the data‐driven approach against a heuristic‐based approach. Our results clearly demonstrated two things. First, users realized greater performance gains from playing contents tailored to their abilities compared with playing uncustomized game contents. Second, this data‐driven approach was more effective in generating contents closely matching a specific player‐performance target than the heuristic‐based approach.
Female mate preferences on high‐dimensional shape variation for male species recognition traits
Authors: Siepielski Adam M. , McPeek Sarah J. , McPeek Mark A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFemales in many animal species must discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific males when choosing mates. Such mating preferences that discriminate against heterospecifics may inadvertently also affect the mating success of conspecific males, particularly those with more extreme phenotypes. From this expectation, we hypothesized that female mate choice should cause Enallagma females (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) to discriminate against conspecific males with more extreme phenotypes of the claspers males use to grasp females while mating – the main feature of species mate recognition in these species. To test this, we compared cerci sizes and shapes between males that were captured while mating with females to males that were captured at the same time but not mating in three Enallagma species. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found only one of forty comparisons of shape variation that was consistent with females discriminating against males with more extreme cerci shapes. Instead, differences in cerci shape between mating and single males suggested that females displayed directional preferences on 1–4 aspects of cerci shape in two of the species in our samples. These results suggest that whereas some directional biases in mating based on cerci shape occur, the intraspecific phenotypic variation in male cerci size and shape is likely not large enough for females to express any significant incidental discrimination among conspecifics with more extreme shapes.
Salivary secretion in health and disease
Authors: Pedersen A. M. L. , Sørensen C. E. , Proctor G. B. , Carpenter G. H. , Ekström J. 
Published: June 2018

SummarySaliva is a complex fluid produced by 3 pairs of major salivary glands and by hundreds of minor salivary glands. It comprises a large variety of constituents and physicochemical properties, which are important for the maintenance of oral health. Saliva not only protects the teeth and the oropharyngeal mucosa, it also facilitates articulation of speech, and is imperative for mastication and swallowing. Furthermore, saliva plays an important role in maintaining a balanced microbiota. Thus, the multiple functions provided by saliva are essential for proper protection and functioning of the body as a whole and for the general health. A large number of diseases and medications can affect salivary secretion through different mechanisms, leading to salivary gland dysfunction and associated oral problems, including xerostomia, dental caries and fungal infections. The first part of this review article provides an updated insight into our understanding of salivary gland structure, the neural regulation of salivary gland secretion, the mechanisms underlying the formation of saliva, the various functions of saliva and factors that influence salivary secretion under normal physiological conditions. The second part focuses on how various diseases and medical treatment including commonly prescribed medications and cancer therapies can affect salivary gland structure and function. We also provide a brief insight into how to diagnose salivary gland dysfunction.
OsLRR‐RLK1, an early responsive leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase, initiates rice defense responses against a chewing herbivore
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Ye Meng , Kuai Peng , Ye Miaofen , Erb Matthias , Lou Yonggen 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses, including herbivory. How plants perceive herbivores on a molecular level is poorly understood. Leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases (LRR‐RLKs), the largest subfamily of RLKs, are essential for plants to detect external stress signals, and may therefore also be involved in herbivore perception.

Here, we employed RNA interference silencing, phytohormone profiling and complementation, as well as herbivore resistance assays, to investigate the requirement of an LRR‐RLK for the initiation of rice (Oryza sativa) defenses against the chewing herbivore striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis.

We discovered a plasma membrane‐localized LRR‐RLK, OsLRR‐RLK1, whose transcription is strongly up‐regulated by SSB attack and treatment with oral secretions of Spodoptera frugiperda. OsLRR‐RLK1 acts upstream of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades, and positively regulates defense‐related MPKs and WRKY transcription factors. Moreover, OsLRR‐RLK1 is a positive regulator of SSB‐elicited, but not wound‐elicited, levels of jasmonic acid and ethylene, trypsin protease inhibitor activity and plant resistance towards SSB.

OsLRR‐RLK1 therefore plays an important role in herbivory‐induced defenses of rice. Given the well‐documented role of LRR‐RLKs in the perception of stress‐related molecules, we speculate that OsLRR‐RLK1 may be involved in the perception of herbivory‐associated molecular patterns.
An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ramos‐García Pablo , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , González‐Ruiz Lucía , Ayén Ángela , Ruiz‐Ávila Isabel , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José , Gil‐Montoya José Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3‐binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
CAX1 suppresses Cd‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis halleri
Authors: Ahmadi Hassan , Corso Massimiliano , Weber Michael , Verbruggen Nathalie , Clemens Stephan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe molecular analysis of metal hyperaccumulation in species such as Arabidopsis halleri offers the chance to gain insights into metal homeostasis and into the evolution of adaptation to extreme habitats. A prerequisite of metal hyperaccumulation is metal hypertolerance. Genetic analysis of a backcross population derived from Arabidopsis lyrata × A. halleri crosses revealed three quantitative trait loci for Cd hypertolerance. A candidate gene for Cdtol2 is AhCAX1, encoding a vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporter. We developed a method for the transformation of vegetatively propagated A. halleri plants and generated AhCAX1‐silenced lines. Upon Cd2+ exposure, several‐fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detectable in roots of AhCAX1‐silenced plants. In accordance with the dependence of Cdtol2 on external Ca2+ concentration, this phenotype was exclusively observed in low Ca2+ conditions. The effects of external Ca2+ on Cd accumulation cannot explain the phenotype as they were not influenced by the genotype. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that higher expression of CAX1 in A. halleri relative to other Arabidopsis species represents a Cd hypertolerance factor. We propose a function of AhCAX1 in preventing a positive feedback loop of Cd‐elicited ROS production triggering further Ca2+‐dependent ROS accumulation.