bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Composition and Diabetes Risk in South Asians: Findings From the MASALA and MESA Studies
Authors: Flowers Elena , Lin Feng , Kandula Namratha R. , Allison Matthew , Carr Jeffrey J. , Ding Jingzhong , Shah Ravi , Liu Kiang , Herrington David , Kanaya Alka M. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
South Asians have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with other race/ethnic groups. Body composition is associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes. Differences in body composition between South Asians and other race/ethnic groups are one hypothesized mechanism to explain the disproportionate prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study used data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts to determine whether body composition mediated the elevated prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Participants (n = 2,615) with complete body composition data were included. Ordinal logistic regression models were calculated to determine the odds for glycemic impairment in South Asians compared with the MESA cohort.

RESULTS
In multivariate models, South Asians had a significantly higher prevalence of glycemic impairment and type 2 diabetes compared with all four race/ethnic groups included in the MESA (P &lt; 0.001 for all). In unadjusted and multivariate adjusted models, South Asians had higher odds for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes compared with all other race/ethnic groups (P &lt; 0.001 for all). The addition of body composition measures did not significantly mitigate this relationship.

CONCLUSIONS
We did not identify strong evidence that accounting for body composition explains differences in the risk for type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies of the MESA and MASALA cohorts are needed to understand how adipose tissue impacts the risk for type 2 diabetes and how to best assess this risk.
Prostate Zonal Anatomy: do we Always Need Central Zone?
Authors: Gromov A. I. , Kapustin V. V. , Prokhorov A. V. 
Published: February 2019

This paper contains historical review of prostate gland zonal anatomy approaches from morphological and radiological points of view. Nowadays, someconfusion remains in “central zone” term usage. Thus, authors propose to avoid using this termin conclusions of MR and TRUS exams. It’s also recommended to use 39 sectors prostate scheme for tumor localization only in cases, where MR exams were technically corresponded to PIRADSv2 system requirements.
Ultrasound Semiotics the Intraabdominal Cysts in Newborns
Authors: Mukaseeva T. V. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to determine the diagnostic value of individual echographic symptoms in abdominal cysts in newborns.Мaterials and Methods. The results of ultrasound examination of 65 newborns (the average age 15.93 ± 1.15 days) with intraabdominal cysts (IACs) diagnosed with echography from 2004 to 2016 are analyzed. Girls were 80% (52/65), boys – 20% (13/65). Results. 23 (35%) neonates had complicated ovarian cysts (OC) (antenatal torsion, necrosis of the cystic formation and ipsilateral ovary), in 16 (25%) cases uncomplicated OC were detected. In 14 (22%) cases enterocysts (8 girls, 6 boys) were detected, and mesenteric lymphangiomas (LAB) were diagnosed in 12 (18%) newborns (5 girls, 7 boys). The main echographic signs of various IACs were picked out.Conclusion. Ultrasonography is an informative method of diagnostics the IACs in newborns. The presence of parietal intraluminal cysts was typical for OC. In the case of uncomplicated OC anechogenous contents were noted. In the case of complicated OC heterogeneous content of various echostructure (debris, clots, septa and a networked structure of the content) took place. For the enterocysts a thick wall was typical and it’s variants of echographic representation were the gut-signature (double wall sign), layered structure of the wall and Y-configuration of the cyst wall. LAB were characterized by irregular shape, thin wall and anechogenous content, less often the disperse component and thin septa in the lumen were determined. The networked structure of the contents was detected at various nosological forms (complicated OC, LAB and delimited peritonitis typical for severe enterocolitis) and required careful diagnostics of the totality of all detected echographic symptoms.
Static Myocardial Dual-Energy (DE) Perfusion and Delayed Enhancement in Detection of Chronic Myocardial Scar Tissue. Comparison with Late Gadolinium Ebhancement MRI
Authors: Pershina E. S. , Sinitsin V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Komarova M. A. , Chaban A. S. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose. To compare the performance of static myocardialDECT perfusion imaging (CTA) with DECT delayed enhancement for detection of ischemic myocardial scars using LGE MRI as a diagnostic standard.Materials and Methods. 29 patients (m/f –16/13 mean age 57.6 ± 2.1) with chronic myocardial infarction were prospectively enrolled in the study. The CCTA protocol consisted of prospectively gated static myocardial DECT perfusion imaging (angiographic phase) and DECT delayed enhancement with 8 min delay after contrast media injection. Study was performed with 64-row single-source dual energy CT with fast kilovoltage switching. DECT images were visually assessed for first-pass arterial enhancement deficit and delayed enhancement using iodine distribution maps by 2 observers in comparison with LGE MRI. Sensitivity and specificity, the normalized iodine concentration ratio of normal myocardium and scar tissue were calculated both for both methods.Results. For scar detection static myocardial DECT perfusion had accuracy, sensitivity and specificity 95%, 90%, 95%, resp. vs. delayed DECT – 96%, 88%, 99%, resp. There was no significant difference between accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for DECT perfusion and delayed DECT (p = 0.32). However diagnostic confidence and normalized iodine concentration ratio of normal myocardium and scar for static myocardial DECT perfusion were significantly lower than for delayed DECT (p < 0.0001).Conclusion. DECT CTA and DECT delayed enhancement have a good accuracy for detection of post-infarction scars in comparison with LGE MRI. The overall diagnostic performance of DECT delayed enhancement was better then of static myocardial DECT perfusion imaging. Thus, delayed sequences should not be omitted from CTA standard protocol if the aim is myocardial scar detection.
Correlation of the Computed Tomography Angiography Data with the Clinical Neurological Presentation in Case of Small Degree Stenosis of Internal Carotid Arteries
Authors: Todua F. I. , Gachechiladze D. G. , Miminoshvili D. K. , Lomidze K. V. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose. To carry out the correlation of the lumen structure of internal carotid artery (ICA) to the neurological symptoms in patients with small-intermediate (30–69%) degree stenosis based on multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) data; evaluate potential embologenicity of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with small-intermediate stenosis of ICA.Materials and methods. The data of 49 patients with 30–69% stenosis of ICA were evaluated, 43 (87.8%) men and 6 (12.2%) women; age varied from 51 to 78 years (medium age 59.8 ± 12.2 years). Depending on neurological presentation, patients were divided into 4 groups, according to academician A.V. Pokrovsky classification of cerebro-vascular insufficiency (1979). All patients underwent CTA on the apparatus Toshiba Aquilion One. The CTA data was transferred to the Vitrea workstation for the analysis. Following 3D-recontractions were used: MIP –Maximal Intensity projection, MPR – Multi-Planar Reconstruction, SSD – Shaded Surface Display. Along with estimation of the lumen shape, attention was paid to the presence of ulcerations, which appeared as the indentation of the contour and/or as a plaque with multiple hollows or cavernous appearance.Results. Mean stenosis degree appeared to be 59.7% in all 49 patients (stenosis index varied from 36% to 67%). In 27 asymptomatic patients mean value of stenosis was 57.8%, in case of discirculatory encephalopathy – 59.6%, in case of transient ischemic attack (TIA) – 60.1%, and in 2 patients with stroke – 62.4%. Based on the analysis of the CTA in 23 (46.9%) cases plaque surface was irregular (Type II and II ulceration prevailed). Type I ulcerations were noted in 5 (10.2%), type II –in 11 (22.4%) and type III – in 7 (14.2%) cases. CTA images showed circular lumen in 15 (30.6%) patient, elliptic lumen in 19 (38.8%) patients, semicircular lumen was seen in 65(12.2%) cases and multilobular – in 9 (18.3%) cases. Correlation of the lumen structure with the clinical presentation showed prevalence of cases with irregular lumen contours in patients with symptomatic cerebral ischemia: impairment of cerebral circulation was seen in 1 out of 15 (6.7) circular narrowings, in 1 out of 19 (5.2%) elliptic narrowings, in 5 out of 9 (55.6%) multilobular and in 2 out of 6 (33.3%) semicircular narrowings.Conclusion. Asymmetric lumen of ICA revealed by MSCTA with the bigger probability is connected to the presence of ipsilateral symptomatic ischemia, including transient amavrosis, TIA and ischemic stroke. Our study showed, that evaluation of ICA lumen morphology makes possible to reveal patients with increased risk of focal disturbance of brain circulation in case of small-intermediate degree (30–69%) of stenosis.
Coronary Calcium Score Using Multi-Slice Computed Tomography
Authors: Fedotenkov I. S. , Ternovoy S. K. 
Published: February 2019

Coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are the most common causes of death and disability in the most of industrialized countries. The problem of early diagnosis of CAD detection is extremely relevant all over the world. Preclinical identification of patients with risk factors of CAD is one of the most important goal in routine clinical practice. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the heart with the determination of the calcium index (CI) is a noninvasive screening of coronary arteries assessment. The severity of coronary calcification has a close relationship with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and the risk of acute coronary events according to numerous studies. Initially, studies targeted on assessment of coronary calcification and determination of normative parameters were performed using electron-beam scanners (EBS). Subsequently multislice computed tomography (MSCT) replaced the electronic beam tomography (EBCT). The results of studies that performed with EBS have become the basis for a methodology of coronary calcification assessment with MSCT. The reproducibility of coronary calcium score is important for assessment of atherosclerosis for dynamic monitoring. The inter- observer and intra-observer reproducibility of this method is quite high, the reproducibility according to repeated studies of the same patient is lower. In recent years, a new generation of volumetric CT- scanners has been introduced into clinical practice. Reducing the radiation dose for coronary calcium screening to the minimum values (less than 1 mSv) is one of the important advantages of volumetric computed tomography. Currently, new studies are needed to assess the reproducibility of coronary calcium index calculation using a new generation of volumetric CT-scanners.
Morphological and Functional Changes in the Brain in the Long-Term Period after On-Pump Cabg
Authors: Portnov Yu. M. , Semenov S. E. , Korotkevich A. A. , Milinevskiy N. I. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: evaluation of brain substance’s morphological state and dynamics of cerebral tissue perfusion in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery compared preoperative and late postoperative period.Materials and methods. The study included 14 male patients who underwent on-pump CABG surgery. CT and PCT with intravenous bolus radiopaque drug in the cubital vein conducted to all patients in the preoperative period. Cranio-ventricular index, width III ventricle was measured. The presence and degree leukoaraiosis, the presence of cysts, areas of gliosis, CBF, CBV, TTP in symmetric cortical and subcortical regions was recorded. CT and PCT repeat after 5 years.Results.In preoperative period III ventricle width was 6.8 ± 1.4 mm; cranio-ventricular index = 4.9 ± 1.3. It were found cysts on the level of the basal ganglia in two cases (14%). Leukoaraiosis detected in four patients (28%). PCT in the preoperative period noted the absence of blood flow asymmetry, reducing blood flow to the frontal lobes, in the area of the junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Significant expansion of the III ventricle 8.5 ± 2.5 mm, reducing cranio-ventricular index 3.6 ± 0.5, increasing the number of cysts and glial changes in 6 (43%) cases, leukoaraiosis in 8 (57%) cases, a significant increase in TTP in the index of the thalamus (11.5 ± 2.1 sec) was determined after the operation.Conclusions.Сhronic cerebral ischemia revealed progression of manifestations in the late postoperative period in patients undergoing on-pump CABG. The identified changes are not a direct result of on-pump CABG, because similar changes observed in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the microvasculature and damage the blood-brain barrier and also in patients without cardiac surgery.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Delayed Contrast Enhancement in Atrial Fibrillation: First Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Aparina O. P. , Stukalova O. V. , Ternovoy S. K. 
Published: February 2019

Current paper reviews new opportunities in none invasive evaluation of the left atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation using late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. The first use of this technology in clinical practice is discussed. In a group of prospective studies it has been shown that structural atrial remodeling can influence the clinical course of atrial fibrillation and the efficiency of arrhythmia treatment. Several groups of national and European experts in morphology and MRI studies in a consensus suggest introduction of a new term fibrous atrial cardiomyopathy or fibrous cardiomyopathy of atrii, representing the structural and functional pathology of atrii, of clinical value in atrial fibrillation. These data make evidence for possibly wide noninvasive MRI studies of cardiovascular out-patients in order to make obvious the structure of atrial myocardium and atrial anatomy as a whole. Progress in MRI technologies of heart studies provides the possibility of imaging of thin atrial myocardium both in patients with primarily documented atrial fibrillation and in persons after interventional treatment of the arrhythmia. There are reasons to expect that LGE MRI data regarding atrial structure in atrial fibrillation are in a position to provide in a nearest future the improvement of management of such patients.
Evaluation of Left Atrial Anatomy and Function using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gurina V. I. , Kondrat’ev E. V. , Revishvily A. Sh. , Alimurzaeva M. Z. 
Published: February 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Сatheter ablation (CA) of arrhythmogenic foci is supposed to be an established treatment option for symptomatic patients with AF, refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy. Pre-procedural imaging is indispensable for the assessment of left atrium, pulmonary veins and adjacent anatomy, and facilitates selection of the ablation strategy to achieve an optimal result and minimize the risk of complications.Purpose: to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced MDCT in patients with AF; also to present the prospects for further development of this method according to the systemic review of world research data.Materials and methods. 140 free access articles requested as “MDCT left atrium”, “MDCT pulmonary veins”, “MDCT atrial appendage” from 01.2009 until 01.2017 were analyzed in PubMed, as well as a number of Russianlanguage articles in eLibrary.Results.This literature review reports and systematizes available data on epidemiology and mechanisms of AF, represents current classification. In addition were analyzed advantages of MDCT over other methods of visualization while planning the CA and follow-up.Conclusion.MDCT is precise, effective and accessible option, which satisfies visualization requirements during the preparation for CA. Moreover, using MDCT in combination with electro-mapping systems increases safety and effectiveness of the procedure. In postoperative period MDCT can be used for complications diagnostic and results assessment.
Computed Tomography in the Detection Hepatic Calcification Hemangioma
Authors: Kotlyarov P. M. , Egorova E. V. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose: the estimation of a computed tomography(CT) signs of hepatic calcification hemangioma. Material and methods. Retrospectively results of CT with bolus contrast enhancement for examination hepatic calcified lesions of the 36 patients were analyzed. Results. As a basis for the retrospective analysis, the semiotic signs of patients, in which the hemangioma calcification developed during the dynamic CT monitoring, were used. As shown by the analysis, the center of calcification in combination with the cloisonne structures leading the arterial vessel, the decrease in the area of the focal lesion in the portovenous phase due to the vascular structures along the periphery of the focus are the criteria of calcified hemangioma. In 11 of 36 patients, calcified foci in the liver turned out to be hemangiomas.Conclusion. More than 30% calcifications in the liver detected at CT can be calcification hemangioma.
DUAL-ENERGY CT WITH XENON IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG PATHOLOGY. FIRST DATA
Authors: Karpov O. E. , Bronov O. Yu. , Kitaev V. M. , Vetshev P. S. , Pikhuta D. A. , Fillippov Yu. A. 
Published: February 2019

Routine diagnostic methods have limitations in terms of predicting the ventilation function of the lungs before and after surgery. It was decided to investigate the possibilities of dual-energy CT (DECT) using xenon in assessment of lung ventilation function.Objective: to master the methods of examination of patients with pulmonary pathology, evaluate the possibility of justifying the volume of operative intervention and prediction of postoperative lung function based on the hybrid images.Materials and methods. For the study, 12 patients with different pulmonary pathologies were selected (COPD – 5, lung cancer – 4, bronchiectasis – 3). Results. It was found that the use of DECT with xenon reflects the functional state of lung tissue.Conclusions. DECT with xenon have potential for planning surgical intervention and introducing the method into modern protocols of preoperative preparation.
UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA: MORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Stepanova Yu. A. , Prokofieva A. V. , Dunaev S. A. , Glotov A. V. , Morozovz M. V. , Gritskevich A. A. , Teplov А. А. 
Published: February 2019

Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the urothelium mucosa and can be detected both in the upper parts of the urinary tract (renal and pelvic system and ureter) and in the lower parts (bladder and urethra). Urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract (UCUUT) is quite rare and accounts for 5–10% of all cases of urothelial cancer. UCUUT remains completely unexplored, having to date two equal theories of origin. Despite the modern radiology and endoscopic equipment, in view of the meager and sufficiently generalized clinical manifestations (similar to other diseases), especially at the initial stages of the disease, it is necessary to constantly improve diagnostic methods for detecting the disease as early as possible. Already today, thanks to new technologies for diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to identify the disease at different stages and extend life to patients with UCUUT. The article presents data on morphology, clinic, diagnostics and modern methods of treatment of this pathology.
NON-INVASIVE FFR DERIVED FROM STANDARD ACQUIRED CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (CTA) DATASETS (FFRCT) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD): FIRST DATA OF CLINICAL USE. COMPARISON WITH INVASIVE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Pershina E. S. , Sinitsin V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Arkhipova I. M. , Semitko S. P. , Ivanov V. A. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: to determine the diagnostic performance of non-invasive FFR derived from standard acquired coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets (FFRCT) for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods.Prospective study included 16 patients ((m/f – 13/3 mean age 47.8 ± 2.3 years) with CAD and coronary stenosis 40–75% lumen reduction. Coronary CTA was performed prior to ICA with invasive FFR measurement. FFRCT was calculated and interpreted in a blinded fashion by an independent Core Laboratory (HeartFlow, USA). Results were compared to invasively measured FFR, with ischemia defined as FFRCT or FFR ≤ 0.80.Results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI) for FFCT was 0.90. Per-vessel sensitivity and specificity to identify myocardial ischemia were 91% and 89% for FFRCT.Conclusion.FFRCT provides high diagnostic accuracy, and discrimination for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant CAD with invasive FFR as the reference standard.
Influence of the content of postgraduate education of radiologists on the number of diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Morozov S. Р. , Kvasyuk A. V. , Vetsheva N. N. , Ledikhova N. V. , Kureshova D. N. 
Published: February 2019

Background.Question about the quality and format of postgraduate education of doctors raises increasingly in recent years. Development of professional standards and transition to a system of continuing professional education have allowed professional communities to raise issues of the quality of modern education but there is no clear evidence of the dependence of the level of education and the quality of medical care in the accessible literature. Experts of Research and Practical Center of Medical Radiology carried out the identification of dependence of post-graduate education length for radiologists and the quality of their work that can serve as a rationale for amending the system of doctors training.Patients and methods.The data on education and actual work of 85 radiologists of out-patient and in-patient units of medical organizations of the Moscow Healthcare Department have been analyzed. According to the results of the audit of diagnostic studies, carried out in the “Unified Radiological Information Service” system by the specialists of the Research and Practical Center of Medical Radiology, the final assessment of the work of each radiologist was formed, which reflects the presence or absence of diagnostic discrepancies.Results.Parameters of diagnostic errors depending on the age of doctors, the general length of service and the length of service as radiologist, the duration of postgraduate education in the clinical specialty and the specialty “radiology” have been compared.As a result of the analysis, it was found that the increase in the proportion of diagnostic differences is directly related to the increase in the age of the doctor and does not depend on either the length of service or the time of work in the specialty. Differences between the groups of physicians with the largest (professional retraining after clinical residency) and the smallest (clinical education + radiology) percentage of clinically significant discrepancies are statistically significant (p = 0.05, at the normative value of the Student's test score of 2.16).Conclusion.The inverse relationship between the duration of training of the radiologist in the specialty and the proportion of diagnostic errors, which can serve as a significant justification for making proposals for the exclusion of professional retraining within 576 hours for admission to professional activities of radiologists.