bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Default Probability by using Statistical Models for rare Events
Authors: Ogundimu Emmanuel O. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPrediction models in credit scoring usually involve the use of data sets with highly imbalanced distributions of the event of interest (default). Logistic regression, which is widely used to estimate the probability of default, PD, often suffers from the problem of separation when the event of interest is rare and consequently poor predictive performance of the minority class in small samples. A common solution is to discard majority class examples, to duplicate minority class examples or to use a combination of both to balance the data. These methods may overfit data. It is unclear how penalized regression models such as Firth’s estimator, which reduces bias and mean-square error relative to classical logistic regression, performs in modelling PD. We review some methods for class imbalanced data and compare them in a simulation study using the Taiwan credit card data. We emphasize the effect of events per variable for developing an accurate model—an often neglected concept in PD-modelling. The data balancing techniques that are considered are the random oversampling examples and synthetic minority oversampling technique methods. The results indicate that the synthetic minority oversampling technique improved predictive accuracy of PD regardless of sample size. Among the penalized regression models that are analysed, the log-F prior and ridge regression methods are preferred.
Classifying chalk microtextures: Sedimentary versus diagenetic origin (Cenomanian–Santonian, Paris Basin, France)
Authors: Saïag Jessica , Collin Pierre‐Yves , Sizun Jean‐Pierre , Herbst Frédéric , Faÿ‐Gomord Ophélie , Chateau Smith Carmela , Caline Bruno , Lasseur Éric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrotexture describes the type of particles and their arrangement in matrix samples at scanning electron microscopy scale. Although a microtexture classification exists for micritic limestone, it cannot be directly applied to chalk. This study therefore proposes a classification of chalk microtextures and discusses the origin of microtexture variability. Chalk was sampled at thirteen spatio‐temporal locations along the coastline of northern France (Cenomanian–Santonian). Four criteria are defined to describe, characterize and determine chalk matrix microtexture: (i) mineralogical content; (ii) biogenic fraction; (iii) micritic fraction; and (iv) cement fraction. From these criteria, two major groups are defined: Pure Chalk Microtexture Group, with seven classes, and Impure Chalk Microtexture Group, divided into two subgroups: Argillaceous Microtexture with four classes and Siliceous Microtexture with two classes. Microtexture variability is related both to initial sedimentation and to diagenesis. Sedimentological conditions (for example, climate and distance from shore) affect chalk composition (carbonate content and type of insoluble particles), thus influencing microtexture. Changes in Pure Chalk Microtexture are the result of increasing diagenetic intensity. This classification can also be used to characterize the microtexture of subsurface chalk reservoirs. Reservoir quality depends on the petrophysical and mechanical properties of reservoir rocks, which can be better understood by exploring their sedimentary and diagenetic history, revealed by the study of chalk microtexture variability.
Quartz and zircon decoupling in sandstone: Petrography and quartz cathodoluminescence of the Early Triassic continental Buntsandstein Group in Germany
Authors: Augustsson Carita , Aehnelt Michaela , Voigt Thomas , Kunkel Cindy , Meyer Marcus , Schellhorn Florian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study illustrates how decoupling of quartz and zircon can be used advantageously in provenance research. Thirty‐eight fine‐grained to coarse‐grained arkose samples of the Early Triassic intracontinental Buntsandstein Group from the Central European Basin in Germany were analysed for their petrography and 1200 grains in 23 of these for their detrital quartz cathodoluminescence characteristics. The samples represent the Hessian and Thuringian sub‐basins and the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell separating them. The Hessian Sub‐basin includes more metamorphic lithoclasts with a larger content of plutonic grains than are found further east in the Thuringian Sub‐basin. More than 90% of the detrital quartz from the eastern Thuringian Sub‐basin produce medium to bright blue cathodoluminescence colours and corresponding spectra that are typical for igneous or high‐temperature metamorphic origin. Differently, the quartz from the Hessian Sub‐basin mostly luminesces brown and dark to medium blue, typical for a low‐temperature metamorphic origin. Quartz from the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell and the western Thuringian Sub‐basin is a mixture between these origins. The quartz indicates different catchments for the sub‐basins, possibly the Bohemian Massif and the Massif Central, with converging transport routes on and close to the eastern fringe of the swell. Taking published zircon data from the same samples into account, light mineral‐zircon grain‐size shifts are up to 2 Φ units. That can be explained by mineral decoupling due to different transport modes for quartz and zircon and different zircon‐size availability in the source areas, exaggerated by combined aqueous–aeolian transport, as well as sample preparation‐induced sorting. This study concludes that submerged highs significantly can influence continental sediment transport. Hence, vast, flat continental areas with submerged morphological highs and a seemingly straightforward transportation pattern may be more complex than expected. The results also illustrate that analysis of detritus that has been affected by different dominating transport modes, and further sorting during sampling and preparation can reveal additional source information.
Skin picking in patients with obesity: Associations with impulsiveness and self‐harm
Authors: Gallinat Christina , Moessner Markus , Claes Laurence , Müller Astrid 
Published: April 2019

Previous studies suggest elevated prevalence rates of skin picking and self‐harm in patients with obesity compared to individuals in the general population. Hence, further studies should investigate prevalence rates and correlates of skin picking in this population – especially its differentiation to self‐harm. Skin picking and obesity are both associated with specific facets of impulsiveness. This relation should be explored to shed light on potentially shared mechanisms in etiology. Therefore, the present study examined the occurrence of skin picking and its associations with impulsiveness and self‐harm in a sample of pre‐bariatric surgery patients with obesity class II/III. Within the routine preoperative psychiatric evaluation, a total of 139 bariatric surgery candidates (78% female, BMI range 35–69) completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depression, self‐harm, impulsiveness, and skin picking severity (urges: frequency, intensity, controllability; behavior: frequency, intensity, controllability; resistance, emotional distress, impairment, and avoidance). Ten participants (7.2% of the sample) reported recurrent skin picking leading to skin damage, repeated attempts to decrease skin picking, and psychosocial impairment (emotional distress, impairment in functional areas, avoidance) due to skin picking. In line with previous findings, skin picking severity shows a medium correlation with attentional impulsiveness. The majority of self‐harm types were not associated with skin picking severity. The current study reveals a high occurrence of skin picking compared to the general population. The results indicate an association between skin picking severity and attentional impulsiveness. Further research is needed to investigate the differentiation of skin picking and self‐harm in more detail.
Economic cycles as a source of social influence on individuals
Authors: Sirola Nina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe current review summarizes emerging research in psychology and associated disciplines showing that the economic cycles exert social influence on individuals across a range of psychological domains. Most research on social influence focused on how factors in the proximal environment impact individuals, while influences emanating from the state of the economy as a whole received far less attention. I review the development of different intellectual traditions examining social influence to explain the relative lack of attention to economic cycles and position emerging work on the topic relative to past research. I then review research on how economic cycles influence individuals by focusing on influences relevant to intraindividual, interpersonal, and intergroup processes. A review of this work shows that the understanding of core phenomena of interest to social psychology (e.g., attributions, altruism, and racial tensions) can be meaningfully extended by studying the complex interplay between the economic system and the psychology of individuals embedded within it. This stream of research also uncovers mechanisms through which economic cycles generate or amplify problems for the broader society, which I propose is both the key reason why more work on the topic is needed as well as the key direction for future work.
Environmental Attitudes Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Lazri Adam McBride , Konisky David M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThis article examines the degree to which environmental concerns are influenced by race and ethnicity, and particularly whether significant differences exist among people of color and whites. Our objective is to clarify this uncertainty since previous studies have been limited by the timeframe and geographic scope of their data.MethodsWe analyze 15 years of nationally representative data from Gallup's General Poll Social Survey. Using a multitude of dependent variables that capture a range of environmental issues, we employ ordinal logistic regression models to understand environmental attitudes across race and ethnicity.ResultsWe find that people of color are more concerned than whites about matters pertaining to environmental justice, and just as concerned about problems related to traditional environmentalism.ConclusionsThe results of this study contribute to our understanding of the individual‐level determinants of environmental attitudes, and provide insights into the attitudinal foundations of the modern‐day environmental justice movement.
Species reassessment congruent with the phylogeographical study of the Biston falcata species group
Authors: Cheng Rui , Jiang Nan , Xue Dayong , Han Hongxiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Himalaya, Hengduan, and Qinling mountains are very important mountain systems in China. Because they are geographically adjacent, species distributed in these three mountains usually have close relationships, but species/populations distributed in the first two mountain systems have higher genetic diversity and more complex phylogenetic structures than those found in the Qinling Mountains. In this study, we used molecular and morphological methods to explore the phylogeographical structure, species differentiation, and evolutionary history of the Biston falcata species group, which is widely distributed in the Himalaya, Hengduan, and Qinling mountains. Five species were identified; B. quercii is distributed in the Qinling Mountains and its adjacent areas, and the other four species are mainly distributed in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains. Four gradual species differentiation events occurred at approximately 3.07, 1.75, 1.50, and 1.30 Ma, corresponding to the stage with strong geological movements of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The low land between the Qinling and the northern Hengduan Mountains, the Sichuan Basin, the low land between the eastern and central Himalaya Mountains and the Mekong‐Salween Divide are four geographical barriers that resulted in multiple speciations. In addition, long‐range dispersal as another mechanism for speciation is non‐negligible. In spite of failing to confirm the ancestral area, our study provided direct evidence of the speciation induced by the geographical barriers and adaptation to the plateau.
Wheat ms5 male‐sterility is induced by recessive homoeologous A and D genome non‐specific lipid transfer proteins
Authors: Pallotta Margaret A. , Warner Patricia , Kouidri Allan , Tucker Elise J. , Baes Mathieu , Suchecki Radoslaw , Watson‐Haigh Nathan , Okada Takashi , Garcia Melissa , Sandhu Ajay , Singh Manjit , Wolters Petra , Albertsen Marc C. , Cigan A. Mark , Baumann Ute , Whitford Ryan 
Published: April 2019

SummaryNuclear male‐sterile mutants with non‐conditional, recessive and strictly monogenic inheritance are useful for both hybrid and conventional breeding systems, and have long been a research focus for many crops. In allohexaploid wheat, however, genic redundancy results in rarity of such mutants, with the ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutant ms5 among the few reported to date. Here, we identify TaMs5 as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored lipid transfer protein required for normal pollen exine development, and by transgenic complementation demonstrate that TaMs5‐A restores fertility to ms5. We show ms5 locates to a centromere‐proximal interval and has a sterility inheritance pattern modulated by TaMs5‐D but not TaMs5‐B. We describe two allelic forms of TaMs5‐D, one of which is non‐functional and confers mono‐factorial inheritance of sterility. The second form is functional but shows incomplete dominance. Consistent with reduced functionality, transcript abundance in developing anthers was found to be lower for TaMs5‐D than TaMs5‐A. At the 3B homoeolocus, we found only non‐functional alleles among 178 diverse hexaploid and tetraploid wheats that include landraces and Triticum dicoccoides. Apparent ubiquity of non‐functional TaMs5‐B alleles suggests loss‐of‐function arose early in wheat evolution and, therefore, at most knockout of two homoeoloci is required for sterility. This work provides genetic information, resources and tools required for successful implementation of ms5 sterility in breeding systems for bread and durum wheats.
Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species
Authors: Ortiz‐Ramírez Clara Inés , Giraldo Marco A. , Ferrándiz Cristina , Pabón‐Mora Natalia 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe genetic mechanisms underlying fruit development have been identified in Arabidopsis and have been comparatively studied in tomato as a representative of fleshy fruits. However, comparative expression and functional analyses on the bHLH genes downstream the genetic network, ALCATRAZ (ALC) and SPATULA (SPT), which are involved in the formation of the dehiscence zone in Arabidopsis, have not been functionally studied in the Solanaceae. Here, we perform detailed expression and functional studies of ALC/SPT homologs in Nicotiana obtusifolia with capsules, and in Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum with berries. In Solanaceae, ALC and SPT genes are expressed in leaves, and all floral organs, especially in petal margins, stamens and carpels; however, their expression changes during fruit maturation according to the fruit type. Functional analyses show that downregulation of ALC/SPT genes does not have an effect on gynoecium patterning; however, they have acquired opposite roles in petal expansion and have been co‐opted in leaf pigmentation in Solanaceae. In addition, ALC/SPT genes repress lignification in time and space during fruit development in Solanaceae. Altogether, some roles of ALC and SPT genes are different between Brassicaceae and Solanaceae; while the paralogs have undergone some subfunctionalization in the former they are mostly redundant in the latter.
Overexpression of trans‐Golgi network t‐SNAREs rescues vacuolar trafficking and TGN morphology defects in a putative tethering factor mutant
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Liao Ching‐Yi , Tang Jie , Bassham Diane C. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe trans‐Golgi network (TGN) is a major site for sorting of cargo to either the vacuole or apoplast. The TGN‐localized coiled‐coil protein TNO1 is a putative tethering factor that interacts with the TGN t‐SNARE SYP41 and is required for correct localization of the SYP61 t‐SNARE. An Arabidopsis thaliana tno1 mutant is hypersensitive to salt stress and partially mislocalizes vacuolar proteins to the apoplast, indicating a role in vacuolar trafficking. Here, we show that overexpression of SYP41 or SYP61 significantly increases SYP41–SYP61 complex formation in a tno1 mutant, and rescues the salt sensitivity and defective vacuolar trafficking of the tno1 mutant. The TGN is disrupted and vesicle budding from Golgi cisternae is reduced in the tno1 mutant, and these defects are also rescued by overexpression of SYP41 or SYP61. Our results suggest that the trafficking and Golgi morphology defects caused by loss of TNO1 can be rescued by increasing SYP41–SYP61 t‐SNARE complex formation, implicating TNO1 as a tethering factor mediating efficient vesicle fusion at the TGN.
Mining Twitter to understand the cardiac rehabilitation barriers and patients’ perceptions
Authors: Krittanawong Chayakrit , Tunhasiriwet Anusith , Zhang HongJu , Aydar Mehmet , Sun Tao , Hassan Virk Hafeez Ul , Herzog Eyal 
Published: April 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is increasingly recognised as an essential part of clinical care for patients with CVD. CR is a complex intervention that encompasses a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on health education, modification of cardiovascular risk factors, exercise training, physical activity and stress management. In the current American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines, cardiac rehabilitation is a class IA recommendation for secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiac surgery and Class II recommendation for chronic stable heart failure. Despite proven effectiveness, however, participation in traditional CR remains low. Although the reasons for participation and non-participation in CR have been well described, the use of Twitter to explore public perceptions of CR has not yet been formally reported. To the best of our knowledge, the analysis of Twitter for insights on CR is a novel investigation that is relevant for addressing significant problems related to CR awareness in the digital age.We performed data mining of Twitter to assess patients’ perceptions regarding CR and the reasons for their participation and non-participation in CR between 23 July 2015 and 22 October 2017.We analysed a total of 5515 Twitter messages. Tweets associated with CR were often used to self-report on health status either before or after participating in CR or contained emotional language with positive or negative comments, advertisements or updated news.Twitter users wrote mainly positive comments about CR, suggesting the platform has the potential to disseminate both the benefits of CR and its research to the public on the worldwide scale.
Deciphering the complexity of the 4q and 10q subtelomeres by molecular combing in healthy individuals and patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
Authors: Nguyen Karine , Broucqsault Natacha , Chaix Charlene , Roche Stephane , Robin Jérôme D , Vovan Catherine , Gerard Laurene , Mégarbané André , Urtizberea Jon Andoni , Bellance Remi , Barnérias Christine , David Albert , Eymard Bruno , Fradin Melanie , Manel Véronique , Sacconi Sabrina , Tiffreau Vincent , Zagnoli Fabien , Cuisset Jean-Marie , Salort-Campana Emmanuelle , Attarian Shahram , Bernard Rafaëlle , Lévy Nicolas , Magdinier Frederique 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSubtelomeres are variable regions between telomeres and chromosomal-specific regions. One of the most studied pathologies linked to subtelomeric imbalance is facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). In most cases, this disease involves shortening of an array of D4Z4 macrosatellite elements at the 4q35 locus. The disease also segregates with a specific A-type haplotype containing a degenerated polyadenylation signal distal to the last repeat followed by a repetitive array of β-satellite elements. This classification applies to most patients with FSHD. A subset of patients called FSHD2 escapes this definition and carries a mutation in the SMCHD1 gene. We also recently described patients carrying a complex rearrangement consisting of a cis-duplication of the distal 4q35 locus identified by molecular combing.MethodsUsing this high-resolution technology, we further investigated the organisation of the 4q35 region linked to the disease and the 10q26 locus presenting with 98% of homology in controls and patients.ResultsOur analyses reveal a broad variability in size of the different elements composing these loci highlighting the complexity of these subtelomeres and the difficulty for genomic assembly. Out of the 1029 DNA samples analysed in our centre in the last 7 years, we also identified 54 cases clinically diagnosed with FSHD carrying complex genotypes. This includes mosaic patients, patients with deletions of the proximal 4q region and 23 cases with an atypical chromosome 10 pattern, infrequently found in the control population and never reported before.ConclusionOverall, this work underlines the complexity of these loci challenging the diagnosis and genetic counselling for this disease.
The relation between the composition, structure and absorption properties of ultra-high frequency radio waves of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/magnetite nanocomposites
Authors: Ramazanov M. A. , Hajiyeva F. V. , Shirinova H. A. , Mamedov H. M. 
Published: April 2019

In the presented work, nanocomposites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared. The structure and content of nanocomposite materials were studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic-force microscope (AFM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic properties of PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites have been studied upon increasing nanoparticle content in polymer matrix upto 20%, revealing superparamagnetic behavior as Fe3O4 nanoparticles in polymer matrix act out like single-domain particles. It has also been observed that PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4-based nanocomposites can absorb the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency range 0.1–30 GHz. It has been shown that the absorption of high frequency radio waves by PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be explained by the different molecular structures and also by the scattering of the radio waves at the boundary of nanoparticle-polymer matrix.