bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomic evidence for plant glacial survival in Scandinavia
Authors: Westergaard Kristine B. , Zemp Niklaus , Bruederle Leo P. , Stenøien Hans K. , Widmer Alex , Fior Simone 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuaternary glaciations have played a major role in shaping the genetic diversity and distribution of plant species. Strong palaeoecological and genetic evidence supports a postglacial recolonization of most plant species to northern Europe from southern, eastern and even western glacial refugia. Although highly controversial, the existence of small in situ glacial refugia in northern Europe has recently gained molecular support. We used genomic analyses to examine the phylogeography of a species that is critical in this debate. Carex scirpoidea Michx subsp. scirpoidea is a dioecious, amphi‐Atlantic arctic–alpine sedge that is widely distributed in North America, but absent from most of Eurasia, apart from three extremely disjunct populations in Norway, all well within the limits of the Weichselian ice sheet. Range‐wide population sampling and variation at 5,307 single nucleotide polymorphisms show that the three Norwegian populations comprise unique evolutionary lineages divergent from Greenland with high between‐population divergence. The Norwegian populations have low within‐population genetic diversity consistent with having experienced genetic bottlenecks in glacial refugia, and host private alleles that probably accumulated in long‐term isolated populations. Demographic analyses support a single, pre‐Weichselian colonization into Norway from East Greenland, and subsequent divergence of the three populations in separate refugia. Other refugial areas are identified in North‐east Greenland, Minnesota/Michigan, Colorado and Alaska. Admixed populations in British Columbia and West Greenland indicate postglacial contact. Taken together, evidence from this study strongly indicates in situ glacial survival in Scandinavia.
Genome‐based estimates of fungal rDNA copy number variation across phylogenetic scales and ecological lifestyles
Authors: Lofgren Lotus A. , Uehling Jessie K. , Branco Sara , Bruns Thomas D. , Martin Francis , Kennedy Peter G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRibosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number variation (CNV) has major physiological implications for all organisms, but how it varies for fungi, an ecologically ubiquitous and important group of microorganisms, has yet to be systemically investigated. Here, we examine rDNA CNV using an in silico read depth approach for 91 fungal taxa with sequenced genomes and assess copy number conservation across phylogenetic scales and ecological lifestyles. rDNA copy number varied considerably across fungi, ranging from an estimated 14 to 1,442 copies (mean = 113, median = 82), and copy number similarity was inversely correlated with phylogenetic distance. No correlations were found between rDNA CNV and fungal trophic mode, ecological guild or genome size. Taken together, these results show that like other microorganisms, fungi exhibit substantial variation in rDNA copy number, which is linked to their phylogeny in a scale‐dependent manner.
Forms and abundance of chaperone proteins influence yeast prion variant competition
Authors: Yu Chang‐I , King Chih‐Yen 
Published: December 2018

Summary[PSI+] variants are different infectious conformations of the same Sup35 protein. We show that when [PSI+] variants VK and VL co‐infect a dividing host, only one prevails in the end and the host genetic background is involved in winner selection. In the 5V‐H19 background, the VK variant dominates over the VL variant. The order of dominance is reversed in the 74‐D694 background, where VL can coexists with VK for a short period, but will eventually take over. Differential interaction of chaperone proteins with distinct prion variant conformations can influence the outcome of competition. Expanding the Glycine/Methionine‐rich domain of Sis1, an Hsp40 protein, helps the propagation of VL. Over‐expression of the Hsp70 protein Ssa2 lowers the number of prion particles (propagons) in the cell. There is more reduction for VK than VL, causing the latter to dominate in some of the 5V‐H19 and all of the 74‐D694 cells tested. Consistently, depleting Ssa1 in 74‐D694 strengthens VK. Swapping chromosomal alleles of SSA1/2 and SIS1 between 5V‐H19 and 74‐D694, including cognate promoters, is not sufficient to change the native dominance order of each background, suggesting there exist additional polymorphic factors that modulate [PSI+] competition.
Long‐term Effects of Fiscal Stimulus and Austerity in Europe
Authors: Gechert Sebastian , Horn Gustav , Paetz Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe analyze whether there are ne	gative (positive) long‐term effects of austerity measures (stimulus measures) on potential output growth. Based on the approach of Blanchard and Leigh () and Fatás and Summers () and using a novel data set of narratively identified fiscal policy shocks, we estimate the impact of these shocks on potential output. We robustly find a considerable underestimation of multiplier effects and their persistence for most European countries in the early years after the financial crisis and subsequent Euro Area crisis. We conclude that fiscal consolidation was badly timed and thus not only deepened the crisis but may have caused evitable hysteresis effects.
Mind the Output Gap: The Disconnect of Growth and Inflation during Recessions and Convex Phillips Curves in the Euro Area
Authors: Gross Marco , Semmler Willi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model that features a business cycle‐dependent relation between output, price inflation and inflation expectations, augmenting the model by Svensson (1997) with a nonlinear Phillips curve that reflects the rationale underlying the capacity constraint theory (Macklem, 1997). The theoretical model motivates our empirical assessment, based on a regime‐switching Phillips curve and a regime‐switching monetary structural VAR, employing different filter‐based, semi‐structural model‐based and Bayesian factor model‐implied output gaps. The analysis confirms the presence of a convex relationship between inflation and the output gap, meaning that the coefficient in the Phillips curve on the output gap recurringly increases during times of expansion and abates during recessions. Sign‐restricted monetary policy shocks based on a regime‐switching monetary SVAR reveal that expansionary monetary policy induces less pressure on inflation at times of weak as opposed to strong growth; thereby rationalizing relatively stronger expansionary policy, including unconventional volume‐based policy, during times of deep recession. A further augmented model shows that an effective euro exchange rate shock, too, implies business cycle state‐dependent responses, with more upward pressure on prices arising from unexpected currency depreciation at times of expansion than during recession phases.
Periodontal awareness and what it actually means: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Varela‐Centelles Pablo , Diz‐Iglesias Pedro , Estany‐Gestal Ana , Blanco‐Hortas Andrés , Bugarín‐González Rosendo , Seoane‐Romero Juan M. , Blanco Juan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess periodontal awareness among laypersons, to characterize the very aware of periodontitis and to disclose whether high awareness implies sufficient periodontal knowledge.Subjects and methodsCross‐sectional study on laypersons randomly selected by quota sampling from March 2015 to June 2016. The questionnaire of periodontal awareness included aspects of aetiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, related risks, prevention, treatment and related attitudes. It was applied by 12 interviewers in the community in each four province capitals, in a sort of pathfinder survey method.ResultsA 43.3% response rate was obtained, and 3,553 people entered the study. “Very aware”: 19.4%. “Aware”: 42.7%. “Not aware”: 37.9%. Age, oral self‐care and educational achievements characterized those “very aware.” Any additional degree beyond compulsory education halves the chances for being “not periodontally aware.” Very aware people likely to have periodontitis were elder, less educated, with a smoking history and less knowledge of the disease. Gaps of knowledge among the “very aware” were identified in all aspects except for “prevention” and “treatment.”.ConclusionsVery periodontally aware people were in their late 40–60 s, followed sound oral care routines and held a degree but elicited insufficient knowledge about aetiology, signs‐symptoms, related risks or periodontal risk factors.
OsACL‐A2 negatively regulates cell death and disease resistance in rice
Authors: Ruan Banpu , Hua Zhihua , Zhao Juan , Zhang Bin , Ren Deyong , Liu Chaolei , Yang Shenglong , Zhang Anpeng , Jiang Hongzhen , Yu Haiping , Hu Jiang , Zhu Li , Chen Guang , Shen Lan , Dong Guojun , Zhang Guangheng , Zeng Dali , Guo Longbiao , Qian Qian , Gao Zhenyu 
Published: December 2018

SummaryATP‐citrate lyases (ACL) play critical roles in tumour cell propagation, foetal development and growth, and histone acetylation in human and animals. Here, we report a novel function of ACL in cell death‐mediated pathogen defence responses in rice. Using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis and map‐based cloning, we identified an Oryza sativa ACL‐A2 mutant allele, termed spotted leaf 30‐1 (spl30‐1), in which an A‐to‐T transversion converts an Asn at position 343 to a Tyr (N343Y), causing a recessive mutation that led to a lesion mimic phenotype. Compared to wild‐type plants, spl30‐1 significantly reduces ACL enzymatic activity, accumulates high reactive oxygen species and increases degradation rate of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acids. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated insertion/deletion mutation analysis and complementation assay confirmed that the phenotype of spl30‐1 resulted from the defective function of OsACL‐A2 protein. We further biochemically identified that the N343Y mutation caused a significant degradation of SPL30N343Y in a ubiquitin‐26S proteasome system (UPS)‐dependent manner without alteration in transcripts of OsACL‐A2 in spl30‐1. Transcriptome analysis identified a number of up‐regulated genes associated with pathogen defence responses in recessive mutants of OsACL‐A2, implying its role in innate immunity. Suppressor mutant screen suggested that OsSL, which encodes a P450 monooxygenase protein, acted as a downstream key regulator in spl30‐1‐mediated pathogen defence responses. Taken together, our study discovered a novel role of OsACL‐A2 in negatively regulating innate immune responses in rice.
Association of polymorphisms of the β‐defensin 1 gene with nematode and protozoan infection traits in goat
Authors: Maia Flora Suzane Parente , Campelo José Elivalto Guimarães , Sarmento José Lindemberg Rocha , Silva Caio Santos , Marques José Ribamar Felipe , Alves Francisco Arimatéia Santos , Guimarães Rafaelle Casseb , Filho Ednaldo Silva 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis study's purpose was to identify polymorphisms (SNP) in the goat β‐defensin 1 gene and to associate these SNPs with traits related to nematodean and protozoan infections in Anglo‐Nubian goats from semiarid region of Brazil. A total of 184 animals were used for DNA extraction, PCR and DNA automatic sequencing. The association analyses included the fixed effects of animal age, bloodline and genotype of the SNP marker in the statistical model. The means of genotypes were compared by the Fisher test (P < 0.05). Twelve polymorphism genotypes were found: two in intron 1, seven in exon 2 and three in 3′ untranslated region. The SNPs of exon 2 were responsible for amino acid substitutions in six genetic codes, and the changes in the 25th and 33rd codes affected the protein function. The SNP 1937 was significantly associated with number of protozoan oocysts, whereas SNP 2001 was associated with degree of anaemia (Famacha©). Polymorphism 2046, in turn, showed a significant association with Famacha© degree and number of protozoan oocysts. SNP 2140 associated with maximum EPG of the animal. Results from this study suggest that the β‐defensin 1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for selection of goats regarding the susceptibility to endoparasites infections.
Stronger Instruments and Refined Covariate Balance in an Observational Study of the Effectiveness of Prompt Admission to Intensive Care Units
Authors: Keele Luke , Harris Steve , Pimentel Samuel D. , Grieve Richard 
Published: December 2018

Summary
Instrumental variable methods, subject to appropriate identification assumptions, enable consistent estimation of causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding. Near–far matching has been proposed as one analytic method to improve inference by strengthening the effect of the instrument on the exposure and balancing observable characteristics between groups of subjects with low and high values of the instrument. However, in settings with hierarchical data (e.g. patients nested within hospitals), or where several covariate interactions must be balanced, conventional near–far matching algorithms may fail to achieve the requisite covariate balance. We develop a new matching algorithm, that combines near–far matching with refined covariate balance, to balance large numbers of nominal covariates while also strengthening the instrumental variable. This extension of near–far matching is motivated by a case-study that aims to identify the causal effect of prompt admission to an intensive care unit on 7-day and 28-day mortality.
Landmark Linear Transformation Model for Dynamic Prediction with Application to A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Chronic Disease
Authors: Zhu Yayuan , Li Liang , Huang Xuelin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDynamic prediction of the risk of a clinical event by using longitudinally measured biomarkers or other prognostic information is important in clinical practice. We propose a new class of landmark survival models. The model takes the form of a linear transformation model but allows all the model parameters to vary with the landmark time. This model includes many published landmark prediction models as special cases. We propose a unified local linear estimation framework to estimate time varying model parameters. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the method proposed. We apply the methodology to a data set from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension and predict individual patients’ risk of an adverse clinical event.
Neogene palaeoceanographic changes recorded in a carbonate contourite drift (Santaren Channel, Bahamas)
Authors: Paulat Marco , Lüdmann Thomas , Betzler Christian , Eberli Gregor P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Santaren Drift between the Great Bahama Bank and Cay Sal Bank (Bahamas) is closely linked to the development of the Gulf Stream and its shape and geometry record the local to global oceanographic, climatic and tectonic events since the Miocene. High‐resolution multichannel seismic data from the Santaren Channel allow detailed insight into the growth phases of the contourite drift, and by using the stratigraphic information from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1006 to infer its sedimentation rates. The results bring new understanding to this region and to interpretation of carbonate drifts. The data document that the signatures of a bottom current flow in the Santaren Channel initiated about 12·3 Ma, as indicated by the first occurrence of sheeted drifts and moat development at the northern part of the Santaren Channel. Narrowing and steepening of moat flanks as well as the pronounced upslope migration of the moat reflects a sustained current acceleration of the bottom currents until 5·5 Ma, associated with a transformation into mounded elongated drifts. Between 5·5 Ma and 3·1 Ma, bottom current intensity reached its maximum probably caused by the final closure of the Central American Seaway. The last 3·1 Myr were characterized by a marked increase in volume through flow reaching a maximum during the past 900 kyr. Drift growth was driven by the combined sources of export from the shallow‐water carbonate factory and by pelagic rain. The Middle Miocene channel‐related sheeted drift of the inner Santaren Channel is characterized by low accumulation rates, but a rapid increase of accumulation rates occurred during the Early Pliocene. The contourite drift buildup was disturbed by minor erosional phases with narrow moats in the Late Pliocene due to increasing bottom‐current velocities forced by strengthened Atlantic Ocean ventilation. The Early Pleistocene was dominated by increased periplatform sedimentation and margin progradation facilitated by a reduction in along‐slope current flow speed and a concurrent widening and flattening of the moats.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: December 2018

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1 Andrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanEyup Kadioglu, Capital Markets Board, TurkeyGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptMarco MELE, University of Teramo, ItalyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMarta Borda, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandMohammed Al-Mahish, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkrainePatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, InidaRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaRuhet Genc, Turkish-German University, TurkeySteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Dynamic heart rate response to multi‐day unsupported ultra‐endurance cycle racing: a case report
Authors: Brayson Daniel , Frigiola Alessandra , Clark James E. 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the main observation in this case?
Ultra‐endurance cycle racing is known to lead to suppressed heart rates as a product of time spent racing. This case report identifies a racer who experienced this phenomenon initially, but then uniquely experienced an overall increase in heart rate late in the race.

What insight does it reveal?
In this case, unique chronotropic disturbances to heart rate occurred as a result of the many extreme demands of ultra‐endurance racing. Work should now focus on identifying the frequency of this response in other racers and whether the main causes are physiological, environmental or genetic in nature.

AbstractParticipation in ultra‐endurance cycling events, such as the Transcontinental Race, is increasing. These extremely demanding races provide a unique opportunity for field observation of the limits of human endurance physiology and, importantly, when these limits might be exceeded and cross over into pathology. The heart is of special interest in this field, and previous data suggest that ‘reverse drift’ of heart rate occurs as a product of time and load in races of 24–48 h, whereas transient structural abnormalities have been observed upon completion of running ultramarathons. Here, we report a unique case of a male cyclist racing in the Transcontinental Race over an extended period of 14 days characterized by extreme workloads and a low quantity and quality of sleep. The heart rate response was dynamic over the course of the race and defined by a U‐shaped quadratic relationship. A larger scale study is required to determine the relevance of this information to the ultra‐endurance cycling community.
The whole‐cell Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ current, ICRAC, is regulated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel and is independent of extracellular and cytosolic Na+
Authors: Samanta Krishna , Bakowski Daniel , Amin Nader , Parekh Anant B. 
Published: December 2018

Key points
Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ channels activates numerous cellular responses. Under physiological conditions of weak intracellular Ca2+ buffering, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulates CRAC channel activity.
Knockdown of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel prevented the development of ICRAC in weak buffer but not when strong buffer was used instead.
Removal of either extracellular or intra‐pipette Na+ had no effect on the selectivity, kinetics, amplitude, rectification or reversal potential of whole‐cell CRAC current.
Knockdown of the mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchanger did not prevent the development of ICRAC in strong or weak Ca2+ buffer.
Whole cell CRAC current is Ca2+‐selective.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ channels, and not Na+‐dependent transport, regulate CRAC channels under physiological conditions.
AbstractCa2+ entry through store‐operated Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels plays a central role in activation of a range of cellular responses over broad spatial and temporal bandwidths. Mitochondria, through their ability to take up cytosolic Ca2+, are important regulators of CRAC channel activity under physiological conditions of weak intracellular Ca2+ buffering. The mitochondrial Ca2+ transporter(s) that regulates CRAC channels is unclear and could involve the 40 kDa mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) channel or the Na+–Ca2+–Li+ exchanger (NCLX). Here, we have investigated the involvement of these mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters in supporting the CRAC current (ICRAC) under a range of conditions in RBL mast cells. Knockdown of the MCU channel impaired the activation of ICRAC under physiological conditions of weak intracellular Ca2+ buffering. In strong Ca2+ buffer, knockdown of the MCU channel did not inhibit ICRAC development demonstrating that mitochondria regulate CRAC channels under physiological conditions by buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ via the MCU channel. Surprisingly, manipulations that altered extracellular Na+, cytosolic Na+ or both failed to inhibit the development of ICRAC in either strong or weak intracellular Ca2+ buffer. Knockdown of NCLX also did not affect ICRAC. Prolonged removal of external Na+ also had no significant effect on store‐operated Ca2+ entry, on cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations generated by receptor stimulation or on CRAC channel‐driven gene expression. In the RBL mast cell, Ca2+ flux through the MCU but not NCLX is indispensable for activation of ICRAC.