bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agri‐environmental schemes promote ground‐dwelling predators in adjacent oilseed rape fields: Diversity, species traits and distance‐decay functions
Authors: Boetzl Fabian A. , Krimmer Elena , Krauss Jochen , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Rising demands for agricultural products and high environmental costs of intensive agriculture reinforce the need for ecological replacements in agricultural management. In Europe, agri‐environmental schemes (AES) are implemented to enhance species richness and provision of ecosystem services, but the effectiveness of different AES types and the spatial extent of possible beneficial effects are little understood. In this study, we assessed the effects of different AES types on diversity, species traits and distance‐decay functions of ground‐dwelling predators in adjacent crop fields.

On 31 study sites with winter oilseed rape (OSR) adjacent to four types of AES differing in management intensity and habitat age, we recorded ground‐dwelling predators (carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles and spiders) during OSR growth from April to July. Effects of the AES on species richness, activity densities and different traits of these taxa were examined with transects of pitfall traps running along a continuous distance gradient from the AES across the habitat border into the OSR fields.

Ground‐dwelling predator communities benefitted similarly from the different AES types. In adjacent OSR, activity densities, carabid species richness and the proportion of predatory carabid beetles declined from the field edge, while mean body size increased. Adjacent AES increased the proportion of predatory species and simultaneously decreased the proportion of granivorous or frugivorous species in adjacent OSR fields.

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate a beneficial effect of adjacent agri‐environmental schemes (AES) on ground‐dwelling predators in oilseed rape (OSR), mostly irrespective of agri‐environmental schemes type and therefore management intensity and habitat age. The short‐ranged distance‐decay effects on natural enemies in oilseed rape underpin that a strategic spatial placement of agri‐environmental schemes in agricultural landscapes is required to maximize biological pest control. This could help replace anthropogenic input in modern agriculture and secure adequate yields.
Effects of terpene administration on goats’ milk fatty acid profile and coagulation properties
Authors: Zoidis Evangelos , Poulopoulou Ioanna , Tsoufi Vasiliki , Massouras Theofilos , Hadjigeorgiou Ioannis 
Published: May 2018

The effects of terpene administration on fatty acid (FA) profile and coagulation properties of goats’ milk were investigated. Eight dairy goats were divided in two balanced groups, representing control (C) and treatment (T), where the treatment group received a mixture of three terpenes (α‐pinene, limonene and β‐caryophyllene) over a period of 18 days. Rennet clotting time was significantly longer for the treatment group goats, while their milk FA profile was also modified. The proportion of C16:0 decreased, while C18:3, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased. This study indicated that terpene intake may have positive effects on the FA profile of goats' milk, but effects on coagulation properties may lead to a reduced cheesemaking ability.
Correlation between neonatal outcomes of twins depends on the outcome: secondary analysis of twelve randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yelland LN , Schuit E , Zamora J , Middleton PF , Lim AC , Nassar AH , Rode L , Serra V , Thom EA , Vayssière C , Mol BWJ , Gates S 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of the correlation between neonatal outcomes of twins and demonstrate how this information can be used in the design of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in women with twin pregnancies.DesignSecondary analysis of data from 12 RCTs.SettingObstetric care in multiple countries, 2004–2012.Population or sample4504 twin pairs born to women who participated in RCTs to assess treatments given during pregnancy.MethodsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated using log‐binomial and linear models.Main outcome measuresPerinatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis, neonatal intensive care unit admission, birthweight, low birthweight and two composite measures of adverse neonatal outcome.ResultsICCs for the composite measures of adverse neonatal outcome were all above 0.5, indicating moderate to strong correlation between adverse outcomes of twins. For individual neonatal outcomes, median ICCs across trials ranged from 0.13 to 0.79 depending on the outcome. An example illustrates how ICCs can be used in sample size calculations for RCTs in women with twin pregnancies.ConclusionsThe correlation between neonatal outcomes of twins varies considerably between outcomes and may be lower than expected. Our ICC estimates can be used for designing and analysing RCTs that recruit women with twin pregnancies and for performing meta‐analyses that include such RCTs. Researchers are encouraged to report ICCs for neonatal outcomes in twins in their own RCTs.Tweetable abstractCorrelation between neonatal outcomes of twins depends on the outcome and may be lower than expected.
Price Signaling and Return Chasing: International Evidence from Maturing REIT Markets
Authors: Brounen Dirk , Marcato Gianluca , Silvestri Edoardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines the liquidity of international real estate securities across 10 markets over the period 1990–2015. We apply and compare results for four different measures of liquidity, and find that while liquidity has increased consistently, wide variations still exist across markets, with the United States and Japan in the lead. Our results also suggest that the introduction of local REIT regimes did not have any pervasive effects on stock liquidity. When we study the relationship between liquidity and returns, we document new and consistent evidence for international return chasing behavior, whose pattern is a function of local market efficiency, listed real estate market maturity and stock ownership dispersion. The introduction of REIT regimes seems to weaken the importance of extra performance over and above general equity returns as investors tend to allocate funds to real estate securities within real estate rather than equity portfolios.
Metabolomics reveals the key role of oxygen metabolism in heat susceptibility of an alpine‐dwelling ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)
Authors: Zhu Wei , Meng Qian , Zhang Huan , Wang Meng‐Long , Li Xuan , Wang Hong‐Tuo , Zhou Gui‐Ling , Miao Lin , Qin Qi‐Lian , Zhang Ji‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGhost moths inhabiting the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau are cold‐adapted stenothermal organisms that are susceptible to heat (dead within 7 days at 27 °C exposure). Exploring the metabolic basis of their heat susceptibility would extend our understanding of the thermal biology of alpine‐dwelling invertebrates. Here, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics was combined with physiological and transcriptional approaches to determine the metabolic mechanisms of heat susceptibility in Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae. The metabolomics results showed that 27 °C heat stress impaired the Krebs cycle and lipolysis in T. xiaojinensis larvae, as demonstrated by the accumulation of intermediary metabolites. In addition, carbohydrate reserves were highly and exclusively consumed, and an anaerobic product, lactate, accumulated. This evidence suggested a strong reliance on glycolysis to anaerobically generate energy. The respiration rate and enzymatic activity test results indicated a deficiency in O2 metabolism; in addition, the Krebs cycle capacity was not decreased, and the metabolic flux through aerobic pathways was limited. These findings were further supported by the occurrence of hypoxia symptoms in midgut mitochondria (vacuolation and swelling) and increased transcription of hypoxia‐induced factor 1‐α. Overall, heat stress caused O2 limitation and depressed the overall intensity of aerobic metabolism in ghost moths, and less efficient anaerobic glycolysis was activated to sustain their energy supply. As carbohydrates were depleted, the energy supply became deficient. Our study presents a comprehensive metabolic explanation for the heat susceptibility of ghost moths and reveals the relationship between O2 metabolism and heat susceptibility in these larvae.
Combination Therapy With Intensive Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis Plus Ustekinumab in Patients With Refractory Crohn's Disease
Authors: Tanida Satoshi , Mizoshita Tsutomu , Ozeki Keiji , Katano Takahito , Tanaka Mamoru , Nishie Hirotada , Shimura Takaya , Okamoto Yasuyuki , Kubota Eiji , Kataoka Hiromi , Joh Takashi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUstekinumab is applied to induce clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease. Granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis depletes activated myeloid lineage leukocytes and has been applied for active Crohn's disease. This study retrospectively examined the efficacy and safety of combining intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis and ustekinumab for remission induction therapy in refractory Crohn's disease. Between June and September 2017, three consecutive cases (two females) with refractory Crohn's disease were treated with intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis plus ustekinumab. Crohn's disease activity index, and simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease at baseline and 10 weeks were applied as treatment efficacy outcomes. In all three cases, at week 10, clinical remission was achieved, while simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease reflected no improvement. Thus, combination therapy with intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis plus ustekinumab appeared to represent a safe and effective intervention for inducing clinical remission.
Prospective pilot study of cerebral near infrared spectroscopy monitoring during pre‐hospital anaesthesia
Authors: Ångerman S. , Länkimäki S. , Neuvonen N. , Kirves H. , Nurmi J. 
Published: May 2018

BackroundNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non‐invasive measure of cerebral tissue oxygenation. The literature on application of this method in pre‐hospital setting is limited. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of cerebral NIRS during pre‐hospital anaesthesia and to quantify the changes in front lobe regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) during the pre‐hospital phase.MethodsNIRS monitoring (Nonin SenSmart X‐100) of front lobe regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) was initiated before induction of anaesthesia in 31 adult patients and continued until hospital arrival. The median age of the patients was 55 years (IQR [range] 43‐63 [20‐84]), and 20 (65%) of the patients were male. The indications for pre‐hospital anaesthesia were neurological reasons (29%), intoxication (23%), traumatic brain injury (23%) and successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest (16%).ResultsThe NIRS monitoring was successful in 29 of 31 cases (94%; 95% CI: 78‐99). One patient could not be monitored due to poor probe‐skin contact, and 1 patient had poor contact with 1 hemisphere. Monitoring was performed for a total of 1335 minutes and was successful in both hemispheres 95% (95% CI: 94‐96) of the time. The median lowest rSO2 was 8% (IQR [range] 2‐13 [0‐30]) below baseline, and median peak rSO2 was 7% (IQR [range] 2‐11 [0‐34]) above the baseline. Changes in rSO2 without accompanying changes in vital signs were observed.ConclusionNIRS is feasible during pre‐hospital anaesthesia and substantial changes were observed in some patients. It provides data beyond the standard monitoring used in the pre‐hospital setting.
High birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood
Authors: Johnsson I W , Naessén T , Ahlsson F , Gustafsson J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether a high birth weight was associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease when Swedish adults reached 34–40.MethodsWe studied 27 subjects born at Uppsala University Hospital in 1975–1979, weighing at least 4500 g, and compared them with 27 controls selected by the Swedish National Board of Welfare with birth weights within ±1 standard deviations scores and similar ages and gender. The study included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and high‐frequency ultrasound measurements of intima‐media thickness, intima thickness (IT) and intima:media ratio of the carotid and radial arteries.ResultsSubjects with a high birth weight did not differ from controls with regard to BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, high‐sensitivity CRP, HbA1c or carotid artery wall dimensions. However, their radial artery intima thickness was 37% greater than the control group and their intima:media ratio was 44% higher.ConclusionOur findings indicate that a high birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness, but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors, at 34–40 years of age. The clinical implications of these findings should be investigated further, especially in subjects born with a very high birth weight.
Transanal minimally invasive surgery as a treatment option for a completely occluded anastomosis after low anterior resection: A new approach to severe anastomotic stenosis
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Lim Seok‐Byung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNew techniques have been developed to treat severe anastomotic strictures after rectal surgery. This report describes a new approach using transanal minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of complete anastomotic occlusion. A 49‐year‐old man presented with a completely occluded anastomosis after low anterior resection with temporary ileostomy for rectal cancer. The lumen was completely obstructed with a blind wall. A transanal surgical approach was used to treat the obstruction. Water‐soluble radiopaque contrast medium was injected intraoperatively to identify the proximal lumen, and an incision was made by electrocautery until the luminal diameter was sufficient. There was no sign of bleeding or perforation after surgery. The patient underwent ileostomy takedown after all the chemotherapy sessions were completed. This report shows that transanal minimally invasive surgery is safe and feasible for the treatment of complete anastomotic occlusions requiring invasive interventions.
Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for a right renal tumor with renal vein tumor thrombus in a patient with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Ito Jun , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Iwamura Hiromichi , Anan Go , Sato Makoto 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by complete inversion of the thoracic and abdominal organs. Many intra‐abdominal and vessel anomalies have been reported in association with SIT. However, there have been no reports on the use of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy for renal vein thrombus, which is considered as a safe and feasible procedure, in patients with SIT. We herein present the case of an 80‐year‐old man with SIT who was preoperatively diagnosed with a right renal tumor and renal vein tumor thrombus. The patient underwent laparoscopic right nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy with no intraoperative complications. To ensure a safe procedure, the anatomy and vessels were carefully evaluated preoperatively using 3‐D multiplanar reconstructed CT imaging. Assessing anatomical structures leads to safer laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus in patients with SIT.
The association of bicycle‐related genital numbness and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score: results from a large, multinational, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baradaran Nima , Awad Mohannad , Gaither Thomas W. , Fergus Kirkpatrick B. , Ndoye Medina , Cedars Benjamin E. , Balakrishnan Ashwin S. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Sanford Tom , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the association of genital numbness and erectile dysfunction in male cyclists.Subjects and methodsCyclists were recruited through Facebook advertisements and outreach to sporting clubs. This is a secondary analysis of a larger epidemiological population‐based study that examined sexual and urinary wellness in athletes. We queried cycling habits and erectile function using Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM).ResultsA total of 2 774 male cyclists were included in the analysis. Amongst cyclists, there was a statistically significant increase in the trend of genital numbness presence with more years of cycling (P = 0.002), more frequent weekly cycling (P < 0.001), and longer cycling distance at each ride (P < 0.001). Less frequent use of padded shorts (odds ratio [OR] 0.14, P < 0.001) and lower handlebar (OR 0.49, P < 0.001) were associated with numbness, but body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1, P = 0.33) and age (OR 1.2, P = 0.15) were not. In a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, BMI, and lifetime miles (calculated by average daily cycling mileage × cycling days/week × cycling years.), there were no statistically significant differences in mean SHIM score between cyclists with and cyclists without numbness (20.3 vs 20.2, P = 0.83). However, interestingly, the subset of cyclists who reported numbness in the buttock reported statistically significantly worse SHIM scores (20.3 vs 18.4, P < 0.001). This association was not present in cyclists who reported numbness in the scrotum, penis, or perineum and remained significant after adjusting for overall biking intensity.ConclusionCyclists report genital numbness in proportion with biking intensity but numbness is not associated with worse sexual function in this cohort.
The mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance: how diverse are they?
Authors: Tikhodeyev Oleg N. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough epigenetic inheritance (EI) is a rapidly growing field of modern biology, it still has no clear place in fundamental genetic concepts which are traditionally based on the hereditary role of DNA. Moreover, not all mechanisms of EI attract the same attention, with most studies focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA interference and amyloid prionization, but relatively few considering other mechanisms such as stable inhibition of plastid translation. Herein, we discuss all known and some hypothetical mechanisms that can underlie the stable inheritance of phenotypically distinct hereditary factors that lack differences in DNA sequence. These mechanisms include (i) regulation of transcription by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and transcription factors, (ii) RNA splicing, (iii) RNA‐mediated post‐transcriptional silencing, (iv) organellar translation, (v) protein processing by truncation, (vi) post‐translational chemical modifications, (vii) protein folding, and (viii) homologous and non‐homologous protein interactions. The breadth of this list suggests that any or almost any regulatory mechanism that participates in gene expression or gene‐product functioning, under certain circumstances, may produce EI. Although the modes of EI are highly variable, in many epigenetic systems, stable allelic variants can be distinguished. Irrespective of their nature, all such alleles have an underlying similarity: each is a bimodular hereditary unit, whose features depend on (i) a certain epigenetic mark (epigenetic determinant) in the DNA sequence or its product, and (ii) the DNA sequence itself (DNA determinant; if this is absent, the epigenetic allele fails to perpetuate). Thus, stable allelic epigenetic inheritance (SAEI) does not contradict the hereditary role of DNA, but involves additional molecular mechanisms with no or almost no limitations to their variety.
Outcomes of Bethesda categories III and IV thyroid nodules over 5 years and performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier: A single‐institution study
Authors: Deaver Kelsi E. , Haugen Bryan R. , Pozdeyev Nikita , Marshall Carrie B. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe second edition Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology estimates 6%‐18% malignancy rate of category III (B3) and 10%‐40% for category IV (B4) nodules; however, reported malignancy rates have considerable variability among institutions. Use of molecular classifiers (including Afirma Gene Expression Classifier, GEC) can be utilized in management of thyroid nodules. Our objective was to analyse malignancy rates of B3 and B4 nodules and determine clinical outcomes of GEC Benign nodules.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 2019 thyroid FNAs was performed at the University of Colorado from 2011 to 2015, including molecular, surgical and clinical follow‐up.ResultsOf 2019 FNAs analysed, 231 (11.4%) were diagnosed as B3 and 80 (4.0%) as B4. GEC was obtained in 54.1% of B3 cases, with nearly half (48.8%) having a Benign result. Surgery was performed in 40.7% B3 cases with a 24.5% malignancy rate, ranging 8%‐38% by year. In the B4 group, 52.5% underwent molecular testing with 28.6% as GEC Benign. About 68.8% of B4 cases underwent surgery with a 20% malignancy rate, ranging 0%‐42% by year. Seventy‐three GEC Benign cases were reviewed: 5 (6.8%) underwent surgery, with none demonstrating malignancy in the target nodule. Size remained stable for most GEC Benign nodules: 75.9% (B3) and 71.4% (B4) with no malignancy on repeat FNA.ConclusionsOur 5‐year review demonstrated that malignancy rates of B3 and B4 nodules showed year‐to‐year variability. We suggest that clinicians use a multi‐year average of their institution's malignancy rates to optimally manage patients. Follow‐up for GEC Benign cases thus far supports their indolent nature.
Ten‐year follow‐up of dental implants used for immediate loading in the edentulous mandible: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Windael Simon , Vervaeke Stijn , Wijnen Lieve , Jacquet Wolfgang , De Bruyn Hugo , Collaert Bruno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the 10‐year outcome of 25 patients with immediate loading in the edentulous mandible.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five patients were consecutively treated with 5 immediately loaded fluoride‐modified implants in the edentulous mandible. Implant survival and bone loss were evaluated by an external researcher comparing digital periapical radiographs taken during recall visits with baseline (at implant insertion). Statistical descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests were performed using SPSS v23, multilevel analysis was performed by means of R version 3.1.0. to identify risk factors for bone loss.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (8 males, 13 females, mean age 68.4, range 49‐84) responded to the 10‐year recall invitation. No implants were lost during follow‐up, resulting in a 100% survival rate. After 10 years, bleeding on probing and plaque were present at 49.5% and 67.6% of the sites, respectively. The mean pocket probing depth was 3.77 mm (SD 0.73, range 3.0‐6.83). Bone loss on implant level after 3, 12, 24, and 120 months was 0.16 mm (SD 0.33, range 0‐1.75), 0.14 mm (SD 0.24, range 0‐1.05), 0.17 mm (SD 0.27, range 0‐1.5), and 0.49 mm (SD 1.08, range 0‐7.8). Five implants were identified with or at risk for progressive bone loss. Forty‐seven percent of the implants did not show any bone loss after 10 years in function and 87% lost less than 1 mm. Multilevel statistical analysis identified 2‐year bone loss as a predictor for bone loss after 10 years of function.ConclusionImmediate loading of 5 fluoride‐modified dental implants with a fixed prosthetic rehabilitation is a predictable and reliable treatment in the edentulous mandible, based on a 100% implant survival and limited peri‐implant bone loss. Implants used for immediate loading in the edentulous mandible who are showing early bone loss may be at higher risk to develop peri‐implantitis.