bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTROLLING FACTOR IN ALUMINA PILLARED SAPONITE AND ALUMINA PILLARED MONTMORILLONITE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Fatimah Is , Narsito Narsito , Wijaya Karna 
Published: January 2019

The effect of synthesis parameters to the physical properties of pillared saponite and pillared montmorillonite was examined. Mol ratio of Al to clay mass in the range 1.0 - 5.0 and two different calcination methods; conventional calcination and microwave irradiation method are evaluated as controlling factors to evolution of basal spacing d001 , surface acidity, specific surface area, pore distribution and catalytic activity in phenol hydroxylation reaction. XRD, FTIR, and N2-adsorption/desorption analysis were used to characterize the materials. Results showed that pillarization produced higher basal spacing d001 and surface acidity and crystalinity of materials in all Al/clay ratio and in both of the calcination methods. In general, Al to clay mass ratio and calcination method remarkably influence to the basal spacing d001, surface acidity and material crystallinity, but the effect of these factors to catalyst activity in phenol hydroxylation depends on nature of clay. It is concluded that the activity as catalyst is affected by the presence of ionic species and surface acidity in the minerals. Keywords: Pillared smectite, surface acidity, calcination
TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION AND MORPHOLOGY OF MESOPOROUS TITANIA USING DYNAMIC FLOW ADSORPTION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Tursiloadi Silvester 
Published: January 2019

A technique to determine the surface fractal dimension of mesoporous TiO­2 using a dynamic flow adsorption instrument is described. Fractal dimension is an additional technique to characterize surface morphology. Surface fractal dimension, a quantitative measurement of surface ruggedness, can be determined by adsorbing a homologous series of adsorbates onto an adsorbent sample of mesoporous TiO­2. Titania wet gel prepared by hydrolysis of Ti-alkoxide was immersed in the flow of supercritical CO2 at 60 °C and the solvent was extracted. Mesoporous TiO­2 consists of anatase nano-particles, about 5nm in diameter, have been obtained. After calcination at 600 °C, the average pore size of the extracted gel, about 20nm in diameter, and the pore volume, about 0.35cm3g-1, and the specific surface area, about 58 m2g-1. Using the N2 adsorption isotherm, the surface fractal dimension, DS, has been estimated according to the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) theory. The N2 adsorption isotherm for the as-extracted aerogel indicates the mesoporous structure. Two linear regions are found for the FHH plot of the as-extracted aerogel. The estimated surface fractal dimensions are about 2.49 and 2.68. Both of the DS values indicate rather complex surface morphology. The TEM observation shows that there are amorphous and crystalline particles. Two values of DS may be attributed to these two kinds of particles. The two regions are in near length scales, and the smaller DS, DS =2.49, for the smaller region. This result indicates that there are two kinds of particles, probably amorphous and anatase particles as shown by the TEM observation. Keywords: surface fractal dimensions, CO2 supercritically extraction, sol-gel, aerogel, titania
THE ISOMERIZATION AND OXIDATION OF CAROTENOID COMPOUNDS IN THE OIL PALM FRUIT DURING PRODUCTIONS OF CPO
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Reni Subawati , Limantara Leenawaty 
Published: January 2019

Isomerization and oxidation have been known as the major factors of the degradation of carotenoid compounds. Results showed that the isomerization of the carotenoid in the oil palm fruit, during the sterilization process, promotes the decrease of the concentration of trans a- and trans b-carotene approximately 21and 8%. The decrements have continued on the fruit digestion, pressing, and clarification processes. The isomerization is also indicated by the decreasing of the main peak spectra absorption intensity of a- and b-carotene about ±10,4%. The spectra showed hypsocromic shift by ±3 nm. On the other hand, the oxidation of carotenoid has occurred in all steps of crude palm oil (CPO) production. The oxidation of a-carotene has caused the increasing amount of lutein: 49% of fruit after sterilization proces (BSt), 57% of crude oil after pressing (MSK), 17% of oil expurifier (MPF), and 5% of CPO product. The oxidation of b-carotene will increase the amount of zeaxantin: 53% of fruit after sterilization proces (BSt), 9% of crude oil after pressing (MSK), and 4% of oil expurifier (MPF). Keywords: Isomerization Carotenoid, oxidation Carotenoid, oil palm
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SPEED OF STIRRER TO BIODIESEL CONVERSION FROM COCONUT OIL WITH THE USE OF PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
Authors: Pratama Luthfi , Yoeswono Yoeswono , Triyono Triyono , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: January 2019

Biodiesel synthesis by transesterification reaction of coconut oil with methanol by using ash of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as base catalyst has been conducted. Sample of ash was prepared through heating, screening, reashing, and finally determining of potassium content. Sample of coconut oil was analyzed by GC-MS. A certain amount of ash was extracted in methanol with mixing for about 1 h at room temperature and a result was used for reaction of transesterification. The studied variables were effect of temperature and speed of stirrer. The composition of the methyl esters (biodiesel) was analyzed using GC-MS and 1H NMR, whereas characters of biodiesel were analyzed using ASTM methods. The results showed that potassium content in ash of EFB could be extracted by methanol and it could be used as base catalyst in the biodiesel synthesis. The value increasing of both variables enhanced the biodiesel conversion. The properties of biodiesel were relatively conformed to specification of biodiesel. Keywords: biodiesel, coconut oil, base catalyst, temperature, stirring
SYNTHESIS OF MENTHOL FROM PULEGOL CATALYZED BY Ni/-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
Authors: Anshori Jamaludin Al , Muchalal Muchalal , Sutarno Sutarno 
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of menthol using Ni/g-Al2O3 15% has been carried out started from pulegol as precursor. Structure elucidation of the products was achieved by GC-FID, GC-MS, FTIR, and 1H-NMR evidences. Isomers identification and their stability were determined by computational simulation. All experimental results were compared to the available literature. Ni/g-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation with precursor of Ni(NO3)2, followed by calcinations and reduction respectively. Characterization of the catalyst was performed by XRD and AAS. Synthesis was started by mixing pulegols with catalyst and then swirled it with hydrogen gas. Reaction temperature and duration were varied in order to obtain high yield with good selectivity. The results showed that the optimum condition of Ni/g-Al2O3 catalytic hydrogenation of pulegol was achieved at 180 °C for 8 hours. The conversion of pulegol to menthol was 89% with stereo selectivity of 71% to (-)-menthol. Keywords: menthol, pulegol, hydrogenation, Ni/g-Al2O3, impregnation
BIOSURFACTANTS PRODUCTION BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa USING SOYBEAN OIL AS SUBSTRATE
Authors: Suryanti Venty , Hastuti Sri , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Mudasir Mudasir , Muliawati Dina Ika 
Published: January 2019

Optimization condition of the biosurfactants production by P. aeruginosa using soybean oil as substrate has been examined. The media containing 10% v/v of the soybean oil and 6 days of the fermentation time was the optimum condition for the biosurfactants production. The extraction technique using different solvent polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and buthanol, respectively) was applied for the isolation of the biosurfactants. The biosurfactant was found in the extract chloroform of the crude biospasoy (biosurfactants obtained from soybean oil as substrate) which then is called chlo-biospasoy. The chlo-biospasoy was identified as rhamnolipids which had oil in water (o/w) emulsion type, had the CMC of 860 mg/L and could reduced the surface tension of the water from 72 mN/m to 52 mN/m. The chlo-biospasoy could be used as an emulsifier to form emulsion between water and hydrocarbon such as palm oil, benzene, premium or toluene with various stability. The results indicated that chlo-biospasoy could be used as an emulsifying and emulsion-stabilizing agent. Keywords: Biosurfactants, P. aeruginosa, Soybean Oil, Emulsifier
HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CAFFEIC ACID AND ROSMARINIC ACID FROM THE LEAVES OF Orthosiphon stamineus
Authors: Hossain M. Amzad , Ismail Zhari 
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the studies performed on extraction of Orthosiphon stamineus, Benth by using different solvent for the identification and quantification of the caffeic acid derivatives such as caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid which confers to the leaves of this plant with remarkable pharmaceutical properties. High performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) allows the identification and the quantification of more than 20 samples in the same chromatographic run. The analysis of the samples requires 15-30 min compared with more than 2 h using a typical HPLC method. Using the techniques of the HPTLC and the UV-VIS spectra we have found that the extraction of this herb plant contain, the caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid ranging between 0.029% up to 0.506% and up to 0.24% to 2.24% respectively. Keywords: Caffice acid derivatives, quantification, Malaysian Orthosiphon stamineus, HPTLC
INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF SOME SYNTHETIC CINNAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES TOWARDS TYROSINASE ENZYME
Authors: Hartanti Lanny , Setiawan Henry Kurnia 
Published: January 2019

Cinnamic acid is one of known tyrosinase inhibitors. This study investigated the inhibition of tyrosinase activity of some cinnamic acid derivatives, i.e. 4-buthoxy-cinnamic acid, 4-n-butylcinnamic acid and 4-phenylcinnamic acid. Each inhibitor used in this research had the same type of inhibition towards enzymatic activity, i.e. mixed type inhibition of competitive and non competitive type. The potential sequence of tyrosinase inhibition based on the ratio of its IC50 compared to cinnamic acid, from the lowest to the highest were 4-buthoxycinnamic acid, 4-phenylcinnamic acid and 4-n-butylcinnamic acid. Based on the obtained results of this research, it was disclosed that n-butyl substituent on para position did not increase the inhibition effect of cinnamic acid towards tyrosinase enzymatic reaction. But in the other hand, buthoxy and phenyl substituent on para position could increase the inhibition effect of cinnamic acid towards tyrosinase enzymatic reaction because buthoxy substituent increased the similarity of its structure with the substrate of enzymatic reaction while phenyl susbtituent blocked the substrate-enzyme reaction. Keywords: tyrosinase; L-DOPA; inhibition kinetics; IC50, cinnamic acid
PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-GOLD NANOPARTICLES: PART 2. THE ROLE OF CHITOSAN
Authors: Adlim Adlim , Bakar Mohamad Abu 
Published: January 2019

Colloidal gold nanoparticles prepared by employing chitosan as the stabilizer in solvent of methanol-acetic acid solution were stable for months without precipitation. The mole ratio of chitosan-gold ions of 5:1 - 30:1 gave dispersed and fine gold particles in range of 9.4-10.4 nm. Gold reduction in chitosan matrix was faster at higher chitosan concentration, and molar ratio of chi : Au, from 5:1 to 40:1. Higher acidity of acetic acid (pH 2-6) led to faster reduction of gold ions. The intensity of gold metal colloid plasmon band increased at higher concentration of acetic acid. Chitosan functioned both as a stabilizer and a reducing agent for gold ions. Gold colloidal particles immobilized on chitosan coated TiO2 as the solid support gave more dispersed and smaller particles (4.6 nm) compared with gold particles supported on TiO2 without chitosan coating. Keywords: gold nanoparticles, chitosan, chitosan coated TiO2
STUDY OF NaOH - ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE TOWARD CHARACTER OF MESOPOROUS CARBON BASED ON TEXTILE SLUDGE WASTE
Authors: Setianingsih Tutik , Hasanah Uswatun , Darjito Darjito 
Published: January 2019

Textile sludge waste contains many organic matters so that it is potential to be used as mesoporous carbon precursor. Actived carbon with mesopore character is effective as adsorbent and catalyst carrier of large molecules. Synthesis of the activated mesoporous carbon was done with purpose to study influence of activation temperature toward characters of the carbon. Process of the synthesis involved dry sludge (50 g) as precursor, concentrated sodium silicate solution SiO2 24.5% and Na2O 7.5% (50 mL) as template source, 1 M HCl solution (50 mL) as polimering agent, carbonization condition at 600 °C 3 h under nitrogen gas flow, activation conditions with NaOH 50% and various temperatures (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C), and demineralizatin conditions with 0.1 M HCl solution for 4 h and 125 rpm. All of the products were characterized with methylen blue method to determine specific pore volume and specific surface area. The carbon obtained at optimum temperature was characterized again with surface area analyzer. Result of the research showed that the optimum condition was achieved at activation temperature of 500 °C. Characters of the synthesized carbon at the optimum condition were specific surface area of 638.32 m2/g, specific pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g, average pore diameter of 21.78 Å, and methylene blue number of 358.87 mg/g. Keywords: actived mesoporous carbon, textile sludge, temperature
SYNTHESIS, IDENTIFICATION AND IN VITRO ANTITUMOUR PRESCREENING TEST OF TRIPHENYLTIN BENZOATE TOWARDS A HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE, HeLa
Authors: Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra 
Published: January 2019

In this study, triphenyltin benzoate was synthesized first, and followed by antitumor prescreening test of the compound towards a human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. Three reaction steps were employed to obtain the compound needed, i.e. 1) synthesizing of tetraphenyltin compound via insitu phenilmagnesiumbromide Grignard reaction to tin(IV)chloride, 2) synthesizing triphenyltin chloride via redistribution reaction of tetraphenyltin to tin(IV) chloride without any solvent, the reaction completed depends on the temperature, in this case a good results was achieved at temperature 220 °C for 6 h, 3) finally, triphenyltin benzoate was produced through a methathetical reaction of triphenyltin chloride to an excess of sodium benzoate in ethanol. In vitro prescreening antitumour activity of the compound towards a human cervical tumour cell line, HeLa was carried out following an enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). By this method, the test ended with good promising results. This indicates by the IC50 of 170 nM which is compared well to cisplatinum with IC50 950 nM. Keywords: redistribution reaction, methathetical reaction, cell line, in vitro, antitumour
A LONG CHAIN ALCOHOL AND TWO STEROL COMPOUNDS FROM THE HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK OF <i>Aglaia odorata</i> Lour. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Ardhiana Prima , Suyatno Suyatno , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: January 2019

A long chain alcohol, 1-eicosanol together with two sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol had been isolated from hexane extract of stem bark of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata Lour) (Meliaceae). These structures had been established based on spectroscopic data (IR and NMR) and by comparison to those of standard compounds. Keywords: Aglaia odorata Lour, Alcohol, Meliaceae, Sterol
EFFECT OF HIRA PROTEIN ON TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATIONS OF GENES IN VERTEBRATE CELLS
Authors: Ahmad Ahyar 
Published: January 2019

For better understanding of DNA replicating-coupled chromatin assembly and transcription regulation in eukaryotes, we studied biochemical and genetic analysis of nuclear-related proteins from chicken DT40 cell lines. The genetic analysis of some nuclear proteins, such as HIRA and CAF-1, indicated that these proteins could play overlapping roles in chromatin dynamics and is consistent with the finding that HIRA protein exhibited binding ability to histones and ASF-1, as also ASF-1 bound directly with CAF-1p60. In this study, revealed not only that the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of HIRA mediate individually transcription repressions but also that even one of the seven WD dipeptide motifs and the LXXLL motif of HIRA are required for these mediations in vivo. Finally, we found that HIRA-mediated repression is sensitive to tricostatin TSA and it co-represses transcription together with HDAC-2. We believe our findings will contribute to a major break-through in future studies on the specific, individual roles of HIRA involved in numerous DNA-utilizing processes, through the formation and/or maintenance of the chromatin structure in vertebrate cells. Keywords: histone regulator, transcriptional repression, tricostatin, chromatin
GREEN CHEMISTRY APPLICATION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (1)-N-4’-METHOXYBENZYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE
Authors: Firdaus Maulidan , Jumina Jumina , Anwar Chairil 
Published: January 2019

A simple, energy-efficient, and relatively quick synthetic procedure for the synthesis of (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide, based on green chemistry principles has been carried out. The synthesis was started by solvent-free reduction of p-anisaldehyde with NaBH4 to give 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 98% yield to be followed by solvent-free treatment of the resulted alcohol with PBr3 to yield 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (86%). Furthermore, the obtained bromide was reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline in acetone at reflux for 12 h to give the phenanthrolinium salt target in 68% yield. Keywords: green chemistry, p-anisaldehyde, (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide
SO<sub>2</sub> EMISSION MEASUREMENT BY DOAS (DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY) AND COSPEC (CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY) AT MERAPI VOLCANO (INDONESIA)
Authors: Humaida Hanik 
Published: January 2019

The SO2 is one of the volcanic gases that can use as indicator of volcano activity. Commonly, SO2 emission is measured by COSPEC (Correlation Spectroscopy). This equipment has several disadvantages; such as heavy, big in size, difficulty in finding spare part, and expensive. DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is a new method for SO2 emission measurement that has advantages compares to the COSPEC. Recently, this method has been developed. The SO2 gas emission measurement of Gunung Merapi by DOAS has been carried out at Kaliadem, and also by COSPEC method as comparation. The differences of the measurement result of both methods are not significant. However, the differences of minimum and maximum result of DOAS method are smaller than that of the COSPEC. It has range between 51 ton/day and 87 ton/day for DOAS and 87 ton/day and 201 ton/day for COSPEC. The measurement of SO2 gas emission evaluated with the seismicity data especially the rockfall showed the presence of the positive correlation. It may cause the gas pressure in the subsurface influencing instability of 2006 eruption lava. Keywords: SO2 gas, Merapi, DOAS, COSPEC
PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-GOLD NANOPARTICLES: PART 1 (OF 2). EFFECT OF REDUCING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Adlim Adlim , Bakar Mohamad Abu 
Published: January 2019

Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous formic acid, citric, or acetic acid with and without chitosan as the stabilizer. Refluxing in methanol, addition of hydrazine or sodium borohydride, photo-irradiation were employed as the reducing agents & reduction technique of gold ions. Dispersed particles of chitosan-stabilized gold were obtained in aqueous acetic acid-methanol solution. The chitosan-stabilized gold colloids (chi-Au) were dispersed and the particle size were in range of 9-30 nm, some of which were crystalline with various shapes. Chi-Au prepared with hydrazine as the reducing agent resulted in large and aggregated particles. The finest and dispersed chi-Au particles were obtained if NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent and the diameters could be controlled within 2.2-2.3 nm. Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, chitosan, size control
ELECTRON BEAM CURING OF EPOXY ACRYLATE COATINGS ON MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD
Authors: Danu Sugiarto , Darsono Darsono 
Published: January 2019

Most of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) as an engineered woods need surface coating process before entering final products, such as furniture and building materials. The wood surface should be covered for surface protection from damage during service life as well as to enhance its appearance. Surface coating of MDF was conducted using epoxy acrylate resin either for clear and pigmented coatings. Titanium dioxide was used for white pigmented coatings. Coating was conducted at variation thickness level of 30 to 150 μm. Curing was carried out by using 350 kV electron beam accelerator at 1.35 mA current and 1.6 m/min conveyor speed to get the absorbed dose of 3 Mrad. Effect of coating thickness was evaluated by measuring the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cured samples, i.e., hardness, gloss, transparency, adhesion, abrasion resistance, and chemical, solvent and stain resistance. Experimental results showed that pendulum hardness and abrasion resistance slightly increased whereas gloss, transparency and adhesion resistance decreased with increasing coating thickness, while chemical, solvent and stain resistance remains similar. In general, clear coating provides better properties than pigmented coating. Keywords: electron-beam; coating; epoxy-acrylate; pigment; medium-density fiberboard
SYNTHESIS OF 4-(4-METHOXY-PHENYL)-3-BUTENE-2-ON AND THE ACTIVITY TEST AS A FRUIT FLIES ATRACTANT
Authors: Pranowo Deni , Martono Edhi , Suputa Suputa , Muchalal Muchalal , Wahyuningsih Tutik D. , Afandi M. Yusuf 
Published: January 2019

4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on has been synthesized from p-anisaldehyde and acetone via aldol condensation. The reaction was performed at room temperature under basic condition for 12 hours to give brown solid of product (m.p 64-65 oC) in 66.19 % yield. p-anisaldehyde itself was produced from oxidation of anetol major component of anise oil by the use of potassium permanganate as a oxidator. The structure of the products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS. Activity test of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on as an attractant was carried out in Sleman with methyl eugenol as a reference. The result showed that 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on was inactive compound as a fruit flies attractant and some of fruit flies, i.e. Bactrocera papayae, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa and B. abdolonginqua was found on the test area. Keywords: 4-(4-metoxy-phenyl)-3-butene-2-on, Bactrocera spp., attractant
PHOTODEGRADATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLOROPHYLL <i>a</i> FROM SPIRULINA (<i>Spirulina sp.</i>) POWDER
Authors: Christiana Rebecca , Kristopo Hari , Limantara Leenawaty 
Published: January 2019

Research on chlorophyll a from Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder has been done in order to determine chlorophyll a content, to compare degradation pattern and kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a and crude extract as well as to investigate the difference of antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a with or without irradiation. Chlorophyll a content in spirulina powder was calculated by using Porra's equation. Irradiation and recovery ability of chlorophyll a were measured by using volpi light (Intralux 6100) equipped with daylight filter. The antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was determined by using DPPH method. The results showed that chlorophyll a content was 2.886 μg/g dry weight. Chlorophyll a has the higher stability than crude extract against 60 minutes irradiation at room temperature. Kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a was based on second order while crude extract based on first order. Chlorophyll a and crude extract have recovery ability. The results also showed that antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was increased after 60 minutes of irradiation. Keywords: antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a, photodegradation, spirulina powder