bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quest for Educational Equity in Schools in Multicultural Australia
Authors: Noble Greg , Watkins Megan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Australia's migration history has produced one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world, but this has presented challenges for educational equity. The introduction of multiculturalism in the 1970s coincided with an increasing focus on structural inequities in education. In this essay, we examine the context of changing educational policies and programs over the last half century, arguing that there has not been a steady process of reform involving measures redressing various inequalities but a period of policy turbulence. We consider the impact of the competing logics of multiculturalism-incorporation, recognition, civility-upon educational policy and practice to argue that, together with the consequences of neoliberal reforms, the equitable delivery of multiculturalism in schools has proved challenging. We conclude that multicultural education must refocus on the critical capacities that teachers and students alike need to understand the cultural complexities of a globalized world.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Schools in South Africa
Authors: Soudien Crain 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The quest for educational equity in South Africa takes its impetus from the country's transition to democracy in 1994. The country faced the challenge of overcoming deep systemic inequality-both racial and class-based-caused by three hundred fifty years of colonialism and apartheid. The African National Congress undertook a process to equalize the educational system and expand opportunities for students. Significant progress has been made in addressing issues of race, class, and gender in the thirty years since 1994, but a combination of factors has both reproduced and amplified old inequalities and disparities, particularly those of space and race, and introduced intense new socioeconomic inequalities overlain with challenging cultural and linguistic markers, such as the dominance of English and the loss of indigenous language capacity. Two elements have been pivotal: stubborn legacy effects of apartheid such as poverty in a context of a weakening economy; and complex and contradictory arrangements made at the transition in 1994 that have left privilege, predominantly but no longer only white, largely intact. The COVID-19 pandemic sharpened these inequalities.
The Long Struggle for Educational Equity in Britain: 1944-2023
Authors: Osler Audrey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this essay, I take the long view in reviewing initiatives for educational equity in Britain, examining both official initiatives and grassroots struggles for equitable educational outcomes over the past eighty years. I frame education policies in the context of other social policies from the immediate post-World War II era, notably the provision of universal health care, welfare, and the changing legal frameworks relating to equalities and immigration over the period. I address the contributions of minoritized communities in the struggle for educational equity, the impact of twentieth-century women's movements, and more recent student-led initiatives to secure the availability, accessibility, adaptability, and acceptability of education. I identify all these as “acts of citizenship,” whereby communities constitute themselves as citizens and struggle for human rights.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Mexico
Authors: Reimers Fernando M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I examine the dynamics of implementing at-scale reforms to provide meaningful educational opportunities to disadvantaged students in Mexico. To effectively reduce social inequality and exclusion, education policies need a mix of system-wide and targeted efforts that are implemented at scale and sustained long enough to become institutionalized. The resiliency of those policies requires an elusive balance between system-wide and targeted efforts, alignment between federal and state initiatives, and supportive politics. However, the politics of implementing system-wide reforms are more contentious than those involving targeted efforts because they disrupt entrenched interests, making such efforts harder to sustain. Targeted policies, while easier to implement, reinforce the segregation of students into different educational tracks of varying quality.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Schools in Mainland China & Hong Kong
Authors: Lin Jason Cong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this essay, I introduce how and why minority groups and educational equity are understood and approached differently in Mainland China and Hong Kong. I describe how in the past few decades, China and Hong Kong have reformed their education systems to increase educational equity and I summarize the progress achieved. I also discuss the cultural, political, and social issues and challenges that contribute to the complexity surrounding educational equity in China and Hong Kong, elaborate on how educational equity remains a tricky issue in schools, and how different factors intersect to affect students' access to educational goods. Finally, I argue that schools in China and Hong Kong should continue both to reform their education systems to enhance the academic achievement and social development of marginalized students and to put more effort into empowering teachers and students to recognize and address the long-standing systemic and institutional obstacles.
Triangulating a Global Qing: China, Japan, and Europe in a Snuff Bottle
Authors: Kleutghen Kristina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the early eighteenth century, a palm-sized snuff bottle was produced for China’s Kangxi 康熙 emperor (r. 1661–1722). Made in the Qing dynasty court workshops in Beijing, this tiny object paired European-style enamels (if not also imported pigments) painted on copper with two insets of Japanese black and gold maki-e lacquer. Combining Japanese and European materials in Chinese court arts is highly unusual, especially in so small an object, making the snuff bottle an extremely rare and rather experimental example. Yet this self-consciously globalizing object, whose imperial approval is present in the Kangxi reign mark (Kangxi nianzhi 康熙年製) on its base, reveals more than creative innovation and technical ingenuity. By combining materials, techniques, foreign origins, object function, and representational styles, it demonstrates a wide scope of foreign engagement on the part of the emperor who laid the foundation for the entire High Qing period (1662–1799).
Das Paradies: The Anthropocene Extinction in Global Art History
Authors: Ray Sugata 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Taking the Flemish-born artist Roelant Savery’s Das Paradies (1626) as a starting point, this essay explores the role of European artistic cultures and collecting practices in inciting the ecocide of the post-1492 Anthropocene Extinction. In particular, I explore how Savery’s celebrated painting of Adam and Eve consuming the forbidden fruit amidst a verdant landscape inhabited by animals such as the now-extinct dodo, endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius, became the pivotal foundation for scientific and cultural perceptions of the extinction of nonhuman life in colonial worlds as the natural outcome of European modernity’s global flows.
Making a Case for Ebony
Authors: Swan Claudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay makes a case for assessing the significance of material and labor in the context of the global history of early modern art, through an analysis of a single case or cabinet dated to the second quarter of the seventeenth century: an imposing ebony chest inlaid with mother-of-pearl created by Herman Doomer (1595–1650), a contemporary and compatriot of the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669). The essay endeavors to address the place of enslaved labor in Dutch seventeenth-century taste that favored foreign goods and materials.
Reason to Hope? Arendt, Foucault, and the Escape from Politics into History
Authors: Conroy Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On many occasions between the early 1950s and her death in 1976, Hannah Arendt argued that modern Western thought exhibited a recurring desire to “escape from politics into history.” What did she mean by this claim, and how valid was it, particularly in her own lifetime? This article explores these questions in two parts. The first part reconstructs her critique of the turn toward “the philosophy of history” in the modern age, and argues that her own project, in contrast, was an attempt to fulfill the hope for what she called “a new political philosophy.” That hope grew especially pronounced in the 1960s, when she monumentalized the American Revolution as a model of republican action while criticizing Marxism, Third Worldism, and the New Left. The second part asks whether this transformative decade witnessed a resurgence of the philosophy of history or fulfilled her hope for a new political philosophy. In doing so, it turns to Michel Foucault, who arguably emerged from this period as the most influential thinker in Western Europe and the United States. A kindred theorist in some respects, he did more than Arendt herself to fulfill the hope for a new kind of political thought, while developing a mode of critical genealogy that remains one of the most powerful alternatives to historical teleology today.
Politics, History, Freedom: Arendt, Foucault and the Politics of Genealogy
Authors: Owen David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Arguing that Arendt and Foucault can both be seen as engaged in the practice of genealogy, this article starts by sketching the background figures of Heidegger and Nietzsche that they hold in common and situates their relations to Nietzsche as emerging from dissatisfaction with the lack of historical groundedness in Heidegger’s philosophy. To develop this case and to provide that basis for some comparison between their approaches and diagnoses of the contemporary condition, it then offers an analysis of each of Arendt and Foucault against this Heidegger-Nietzsche background. Finally I draw attention to some salient similarities and differences between Arendt and Foucault that can provide a basis for critical dialogue between them.
Nostophiliac AI: Artificial Collective Memories, Large Datasets and AI Hallucinations
Authors: Kollias Phivos-Angelos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the concept of Artificial Collective Memories as an interplay between collective memory and large datasets employed by ai algorithms. A collective memory represents “the recollection of events shared by a group” (Roediger, 2015). It includes lived experiences and human interactions. Contrarily, large datasets used by ai algorithms, such as Large Language Models (llm s) or text-to-image models, are amassed by scraping internet data representing human communication. Those large datasets and the vast number of digitised representations of memories they encapsulate are references to the collective memories they represent, which we refer to as “Artificial Collective Memories”. Using our audio-visual project Nostophiliac ai as the starting point of this discourse and with references to our projects The ai Oracle and ai Reconstructing Realities, we are exploring areas of convergence between artificial intelligence and collective memories. With this article, we aim to enhance our understanding of ai by examining it through the lens of collective memory and, inversely, to obtain fresh insights on human collective memory through observations of generative ai’s applications.
Prospective Overruling and the Non-Retroactivity of the Law
Authors: Alvim Teresa Arruda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses the new outlines of the “mechanism” of adjustment, introduced into the Brazilian legal system by the 2015 Code of Civil Procedure. This mechanism already existed, within the scope of the concentrated control of constitutionality, but it now allows the postponement of the effects of the overruling by the superior courts. However, the Code of Civil Procedure does not regulate the subject in a detailed manner, having left out a number of problems that, while not solved by means of statutory law, must be adequately solved by means of case law and by jurists.
‘We were persistently othering them out’: Reconceptualising ‘safeguarding’ for young people experiencing extra-familial risks and harms during transition to adulthood
Authors: Huegler Nathalie , Damman Jeri L. , Ruch Gillian , Bowyer Susannah 
Published: November 2024

Background: The transition to adulthood may involve experiences of risk and harm – including, for some young people, abuse, violence or exploitation in peer and community contexts. In the UK, such extra-familial risks and harms have prompted safeguarding responses in policy and practice. However, safeguarding conceptualisations are significantly different for young people under 18 than for those over 18, leading to service and system gaps in transition. The concept of Transitional Safeguarding seeks to address this, advocating for more integrated approaches that centre the needs, voices and lived experiences of young people. Objectives: Based on findings from a study on early-stage innovation developments aligned with Transitional Safeguarding, this paper considers issues and dilemmas linked to reconceptualising ‘safeguarding’ so as to better protect young people experiencing extra-familial risks and harms during transition to adulthood. Methods: A 4-year study followed safeguarding innovation developments in selected local areas in England, based on a qualitative case study approach that involved ethnography, interviews and documentary analysis. Findings: The paper highlights gaps in safeguarding services and systems for young people around age 18, when support may either significantly decrease or stop altogether. The intersecting dynamics of risks, harms and unmet needs point to the importance of multi-agency collaboration, beyond service-centric threshold definitions. The need to systemically and systematically involve young people in support and innovation development is also emphasised. Conclusions: The boundary-spanning change which the Transitional Safeguarding approach advocates requires significant shifts to create conditions capable of addressing risks and harms during transition to adulthood, as well as their structural drivers. Navigating these shifts remains a key challenge for local services and systems engaged in Transitional Safeguarding innovation, and their efforts need to be supported by policy frameworks and adequate funding.
High Variability of Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Femoral Tunnel Position With Landmark-Based Techniques
Authors: Kanakamedala Ajay C. , Kruckeberg Bradley M. , Jochl Olivia M. , Whalen Ryan J. , Cinque Mark E. , Hackett Thomas R. , Godin Jonathan A. , Vidal Armando F. 
Published: November 2024

Background: The utilization of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) augmentation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has increased. Various fixation points have been recommended based on tactile and anatomic landmarks; however, there is limited reporting of the accuracy or precision of these techniques in clinical practice. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether LET fixation points identified using anatomic landmarks and tactile techniques would fall within a predefined radiographic zone. It was hypothesized that the majority of LET fixation points would be inside the radiographic zone. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Postoperative lateral knee radiographs of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with LET using a landmark-based technique without fluoroscopy between January 2018 and September 2023 were reviewed. Fixation points were measured by 2 raters based on their distance from an extension of the posterior femoral cortex line (PFCL) distally and a line perpendicular to the PFCL at the posterior condylar flare (PCF). Patients were excluded if the tunnel position could not be identified or if postoperative radiographs were malrotated. The mean LET position and percentage of points within the radiographic isometric zone, defined as 4 ± 4 mm posterior and 4 ± 3 mm anterior to the PFCL and 6 ± 4 mm distal and 20 ± 5 mm proximal to the PCF were calculated. Results: Complete data sets were obtained for 47 cases. The mean LET position was 6.4 ± 7.1 mm (range, –9 to 27.3 mm) anterior to the PFCL and 1.8 ± 7.6 mm (range, –16.7 to 12.6 mm) proximal to the PCF. Overall, 53% of LET fixation points were within the predefined radiographic zone. Of the malpositioned tunnels (n = 22), their locations relative to the radiographic zone were anterior (n = 18), posterior (n = 2), proximal (n = 1), and anterior and distal (n = 1). Conclusion: This study found large variation in the location of LET fixation points, and almost half of fixation points were outside the predefined radiographic zone. Accurate and precise tunnel placement is one of multiple factors that may be important to minimize the risk of lateral compartment overconstraint, anterior cruciate ligament graft failure, and anisometry leading to LET graft loosening.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum: Influence of Activity on Lesion Location Within a Zone of Propensity
Authors: Clark V. Claire , Wyatt Charles W. , Hawkins Nolan D. , Van Pelt Robert L. , Huang Sharon G. , Johnson Benjamin L. , Ellis Henry B. , Wilson Philip L. 
Published: November 2024

Background: There may be an association between repetitive stress on the elbow and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (COCD). The influence of activity on the characteristics or specific location of the lesion within a capitellar zone of propensity remains unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate COCD in gymnasts and baseball players compared with a non–upper extremity (non-UE) sport COCD cohort. It was hypothesized that activity would influence presentation and lesion location and characteristics. Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Consecutive patients presenting with COCD treated in a tertiary sports medicine practice between March 2006 and March 2021 were reviewed. Demographic and imaging lesion characteristics were recorded. The sagittal inclination angle position of the lesion center relative to the humeral shaft was recorded. Intra- and interrater reliability was confirmed (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.808; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.824, respectively). Participants were analyzed by activity. Results: A total of 126 elbows were identified: 68 in gymnasts, 31 in baseball players, and 27 in patients with no history of UE sports. The mean age of the participants was 12.5 years (range, 8-18 years). All (100%) unilateral cases of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in baseball players occurred in the dominant throwing arm, compared with less hand-dominance correlation in gymnasts (64%) and non-UE athletes (67%). Significantly, 14 of the 20 (70%) patients with bilateral OCD were gymnasts ( P = .036). In non-UE athletes, lesions occurred at a mean sagittal inclination angle of 52.7° (±13.8°), with a mean lateral containment of 4.7 (±2.1) mm. In gymnasts, lesions occurred more posteriorly at 41.2° (±14.9°), with a lateral containment of 3.6 (±1.9) mm. In baseball players, COCDs occurred at 55.1° (±11.9°), with a lateral containment of 2.5 (±1.6) mm. These more posterior lesion positions in gymnasts ( P = .001) and lesser lesion containment noted in gymnasts ( P = .015) and baseball players ( P < .001) were significant. Conclusion: Compared with COCD lesions in adolescents with no history of UE sports, gymnastics participation (impact weightbearing) correlated with a higher rate of bilateral lesion formation and a more posterior (extended) lesion position. Baseball participation (resulting in valgus shear forces in the elbow) resulted in a sagittal position similar to non-UE lesions, but more lateral and with less containment.
Evaluation of Awareness and Perception Regarding Conflict of Interest in Research Among the Postgraduate Students in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Ghajbhiye Snehalata , Tripathi Raakhi , Jalgoankar Sharmila , Pohregaonkar Antara , Ourasang Sumit 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives Conflict of interest (COI) exists when a set of circumstances creates a risk that a secondary interest will unduly influence professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest. This knowledge regarding ethics and rights is given to postgraduate students in their first year of residency through various training programs. In this training, one of the concepts taught is COI. There is no available literature regarding awareness of COI among postgraduate students who are going to be future researchers; hence we decided to conduct this study. Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional, observational, single-center, questionnaire-based Study. The validated questionnaire was administered to the postgraduate students after obtaining their written informed consent. These questions were designed based on four domains: Awareness, perception, case scenarios, and application of COI. The responses were recorded as Yes/No & presented in descriptive statistics. Results The mean age of the participants was 28.67 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.92. Sixty-one percent of were female. More than 85% of postgraduate residents have an awareness of COI. Also, 70% of participants felt that increased protocol deviations and 91% reported research study outcomes are likely to be positive when there is COI in the study. Ninety-three percent of participants thought that education regarding COI was necessary. Conclusion The majority of postgraduate students had an awareness of COI. Postgraduate students perceived that the results of the study involving COI may not be credible, and formal education and training are required in this area.
Association of Frailty Index and Postoperative Outcomes of Open Bypass Lower Extremity Revascularization for Acute Limb Ischemia Using the Vascular Quality Initiative
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel , Paz Maria , Babrowski Trissa 
Published: November 2024

Background Frailty in patients undergoing surgery is strongly associated with postoperative complications. The risk analysis index (RAI) is a validated model for frailty that has been shown to predict short and long-term outcomes. Through utilization of the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI), this study examined the application of the VQI-derived RAI in acute limb ischemia (ALI) patients undergoing open bypass lower extremity revascularization. Methods This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study conducted on patients undergoing revascularization for ALI from the VQI. Using preoperative variables, an RAI score was calculated for each patient, and they were stratified into six cohorts: ≤20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 35-40, and ≥41. A binary forward multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk in each cohort on postoperative outcomes (mortality, amputation, surgical site infection, bypass revision, and discharge destination). Results The VQI dataset included 3,620 patients (72.1% male) with an average age of 65 ± 12 years. After conducting a binary forward multivariate logistic regression, frailty was not associated with amputation, surgical site infection, or bypass revision. However, frailty at the highest vs lowest RAI score was significantly associated with 3.26 higher times the odds of mortality and 0.32 lower times the odds of being discharged home. Conclusion Frailty, modeled by the RAI, was demonstrated to be associated with postoperative outcomes in a linear manner in ALI patients undergoing open bypass lower extremity revascularization. Since this is one of the first times a long-term outcomes national database such as the VQI was utilized to study this topic, our research supports the incorporation of the RAI as a screening tool for ALI patients to help guide postoperative care and prognosis and guide shared decision-making in whether to pursue limb salvage or primary amputation.