bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fully-Mixed Finite Element Method for then-Dimensional Boussinesq Problem with Temperature-Dependent Parameters
Authors: Almonacid Javier A. , Gatica Gabriel N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and analyze a high-order, fully-mixed finite element method for the free convection ofn-dimensional fluids,n∈{2,3}{n\in\{2,3\}}, with temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The mathematical model is given by the coupling of the equations of continuity, momentum (Navier–Stokes) and energy by means of the Boussinesq approximation, as well as mixed thermal boundary conditions and a Dirichlet condition on the velocity. Because of the dependence on the temperature of the fluid properties, several additional variables are defined, thus resulting in an augmented formulation that seeks the rate of strain, pseudostress and vorticity tensors, velocity, temperature gradient and pseudoheat vectors, and temperature of the fluid. Using a fixed-point approach, smallness-of-data assumptions and a slight higher-regularity assumption for the exact solution provide the necessary well-posedness results at both continuous and discrete levels. In addition, and as a result of the augmentation, no discrete inf-sup conditions are needed for the well-posedness of the Galerkin scheme, which provides freedom of choice with respect to the finite element spaces. In particular, we suggest a combination based on Raviart–Thomas, Lagrange and discontinuous elements for which we derive optimal a priori error estimates. Finally, several numerical examples illustrating the performance of the method and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence are reported.
On formal group laws over the quotients of Lazard’s ring
Authors: Bakuradze Malkhaz , Vershinin Vladimir 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a formal power series

∑

A

i
⁢
j

⁢

x
i

⁢

y
j

{\sum A_{ij}x^{i}y^{j}}

over the Lazard ring Λ and the formal group laws

F
n

{F_{n}}

,

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

, over the quotient rings
of Λ.
For each

F
n

{F_{n}}

, we construct a complex cobordism theory with singularities with the coefficient ring

ℚ
⁢

[

p
1

,
…
,

p

2
⁢
n

]

{\mathbb{Q}[p_{1},\dots,p_{2n}]}

, with parameters

p
i

{p_{i}}

,

|

p
i

|

=

2
⁢
i

{|p_{i}|=2i}

.
Synthesis of indazolo[5,4-b][1,6]naphthyridine and indazolo[6,7-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives
Authors: Chen Dong-Mei , Liu Jia-Yan , Wei Ming , Wang Bing-Wei , Chu Ruo-Han , Chen Dong-Sheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds by an efficient in-situ reduction and cyclization reactions of aromatic aldehydes, tert-butyl 2,4-dioxopiperidine-1-carboxylate and 5-nitro-1H-indazole or 6-nitro-1H-indazole was developed.
Zinc Chloride Catalyzed Amino Claisen Rearrangement of 1-N-Allylindolines: An Expedient Protocol for the Synthesis of Functionalized 7-Allylindolines
Authors: Jain Seema 
Published: April 2019

Abstract7-Allylindolines are valuable synthons for designing biologically active molecular libraries. Lewis acid catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangement provides a one pot synthetic entry to these heteroarenes. In this context, Zinc chloride (ZnCl2)–N,N-dimethylformamide system efficiently catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangements of 1-N-allylindolines to 7-allylindolines. The rearrangement is influenced by stereoelectronic effects of substituents present in 1-N-allylindolines. The substrates containing electron donating functionalities underwent rearrangement at lower temperature than substrates with electron withdrawing functional groups. The regioselectivity of the process is governed by the substitution pattern on allyl moiety in 1-N-allylindoline as well as ZnCl2catalyst loading in the reaction system.
Early Titanic Jokes: A disaster for the theory of disaster jokes?
Authors: Chovanec Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper contributes to our understanding of the inception of disaster humor by refuting the position of ‘technological determinism’ that is central for the theory of disaster jokes. This view, developed by Christie Davies, ties the emergence of this form of humor to the visual presentation of disaster events on television. The paper reports on the discovery of several contemporary instances of pre-television disaster humor on the topic of the sinking of the Titanic from 1912, thereby explicitly challenging the premise that prior to televised coverage, there were no disaster jokes. While the data come from a culture that was cognitively very distant from the disaster (and, thus, more likely to give rise to instantaneous disaster humor creation), the paper suggests that a modification to the original theory is possible, arguing that disaster humor can be interpreted as a reaction to the more general process of mediatization, whether televisual or exclusively verbal, which constructs a shared body of knowledge that people can draw upon as a resource when constructing humor. That is particularly the case with iconic disasters, such as the sinking of the Titanic, which can be seen symbolically as an epic fail of modernity rather than a mere tragic disaster.
Effects of Chemical Reactions on the Local Hydrodynamics in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Operating under Typical Fischer-Tropsch Process Conditions – Ii
Authors: Basha Omar M. , Morsi Badie I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur rigorously validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (Basha et al. 2016) was previously used to predict the effects of gas sparger designs and internals configurations on the local hydrodynamics in a pilot-scale and a conceptual large-scale slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) (Basha and Morsi 2018). In this study, the CFD model was used to predict the effect of incorporating the F-T reaction kinetics on the local hydrodynamics in the pilot-scale (0.3-m ID, 3-m height) and the overall performance of the pilot-scale and an industrial-scale (5.8-m ID, 42-m height) SBCRS, both operating under F-T conditions with iron catalyst.In the pilot-scale SBCR, the CFD simulations were carried out with catalyst concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 vol% and three H2/Co ratios of 1, 1.5 and 2, at temperature of 443 K, pressure of 20.5 bar and a superficial gas velocity of 0.24 m/s. The predictions showed that the presence of chemical reactions decreased the gas holdup and the Sauter mean bubble diameters along the reactor height by an average of 15.4 % and 17.63 %, respectively and strengthened the liquid circulations near the reactor wall. The predictions also showed that the CO and H2conversions increased with increasing the catalyst concentration, and the pilot scale SBCR could produce a maximum of 1.87 tons/day of C5+products at a catalyst concentration of 15 vol%.In the commercial-scale SBCR, the CFD simulations were conducted at a catalyst loading of 10 vol% at a temperature of 528 K, pressure of 29 bar and four superficial gas velocities of 0.12, 0.24, 0.3 and 0.4 m/s. The calculations were completed, however, the contours of the local hydrodynamics were not extracted due to computational and memory limitations associated with generating graphics of such a large and complex reactor geometry. The predictions showed that the CO conversions were 48 %, 59 %, 58 % and 55 %; the H2conversions were 36 %, 51 %, 56 % and 54 % and the C5+products yields were are 275, 576, 627 and 654 ton/day at the superficial gas velocities of 0.12, 0.24, 0.3 and 0.4 m/s, respectively. When comparing the CFD model predictions with those of the 1-D empirical model developed by Sehabiague et al. (Sehabiague et al. 2015) at a superficial gas velocity of 0.24 m/s and catalyst loading of 10 %, the CFD model was found to predict lower CO conversion, higher H2conversion and higher C5+yield.
Defining The Known Risk: Context-Sensitivity In Tort Law Defenses
Authors: Sawicki Nadia N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The law of negligence is designed to apply uniformly across contexts. Whether dealing with a car accident, medical malpractice, or a slip-and-fall case, tort law consistently asks whether a defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff and whether he exercised reasonable care in fulfilling that duty. Tort law defenses, too, are generally understood to be context-neutral. The doctrines of comparative negligence and assumption of risk should not vary depending on the precise circumstances surrounding an injury. And yet, there is a peculiar inconsistency in how some defenses are applied in cases of medical malpractice as compared to cases outside the health care context. Specifically, reliance on secondary implied assumption of risk seems to require greater knowledge on the part of the plaintiff in malpractice cases than in other contexts. In recreational sport cases, for example, a plaintiff will be denied recovery if he voluntarily encountered a known risk of physical injury – regardless of whether he understood that the risk was the result of a defendant’s negligence. In contrast, in medical malpractice cases, most people’s intuition is that the plaintiff’s recovery should be denied or limited only if he had knowledge of the risk of physical injury as well as the fact that this risk was created by a negligent defendant. There is no clear doctrinal explanation for this distinction. This article describes this conundrum and poses the question of whether and when such context-specific adjustments might be doctrinally justified. Ultimately, the most likely explanation is grounded in medical exceptionalist claims that the unique nature of health care justifies a more flexible and nuanced application of legal doctrine. While this conclusion may be unsatisfying to some, it presents a valuable opportunity to revisit debates about the supposed context-neutrality of tort law.
Erkenntnispotentiale der „Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland“ für die internationale historische Forschung
Authors: Braun Guido 
Published: April 2019

Riassunto
Dopo una breve rassegna sull’edizione del carteggio dei nunzi da parte della storiografia di lingua tedesca, nonché una panoramica su temi centrali dei volumi di corrispondenza dei nunzi a Vienna relativi ai primi anni Trenta del XVII secolo, il contributo approfondisce i fulcri tematici, i possibili approcci analitici e la prospettiva di acquisire nuove cognizioni che i volumi relativi agli anni 1630/1635, e soprattutto l’ultimo volume apparso nel 2016, offrono alla ricerca storica per determinati campi tematici, spaziando dalla storia politica a quesiti storico-antropologici. Su queste basi si discute, infine, il problema, affrontato maggiormente a partire dagli anni Novanta del XX secolo, di quanto tali imprese editoriali siano ancora opportune. Si sottolinea che le fonti, edite in questo contesto, sono fondamentali per capire la politica europea durante una fase centrale della Guerra dei Trent’anni, non solo riguardo ai rapporti tra la Curia e l’Impero, ma anche relativo a tutto un ventaglio di problemi politici cruciali a livello europeo. In particolare emergono da esse in maniera efficace le origini della convinzione secondo cui un conflitto che interessava tutta Europa poteva essere ricomposto con successo solo attraverso trattative multilaterali e con il ricorso a mediatori della pace. Tale convinzione sarebbe diventato in seguito un elemento importante del sapere diplomatico europeo.
Grenzen, Schwellen, Transfers – Konstituierung islamischer Felder im Kontext
Authors: Schrode Paula 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDiese Einleitung führt in den theoretischen Rahmen des Sonderbandes zu Prozessen von Abgrenzung, Grenzziehung und Grenzverschiebung in islambezogenen Feldern ein. Zugleich wird reflektiert, dass auch religionswissenschaftliche Forschung Grenzen definiert und dabei mit dem Forschungsfeld interagiert. Religiöse und wissenschaftliche Diskurse werden als Bereiche eines interdependenten und miteinander verwobenen Kontinuums konzeptualisiert, innerhalb dessen die Grenzen nie ganz fixiert oder undurchlässig sind. Indem Konstruktionsprozesse von Islam oder muslimischen Identitäten an den Schnittstellen unterschiedlicher Felder geschehen, rücken Grenzen nicht nur als Werkzeug für politische Strategien in den Blick, sondern auch als Kontaktzonen, Schwellen und Orte von Transfers und Wissensproduktion. Die Einleitung betont daher den religionswissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Konstruktion von Islam und diskutiert die (Selbst-)Verortung der Disziplin in diesem Spannungsfeld.
Schiiten, Aleviten und Ehlibeyt-Islam:
Authors: Weineck Benjamin 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anhand von Beispielen aus schiitischen und alevitischen Kontexten in Deutschland und der Türkei beschreibt der Artikel, wie beide Traditionen über gemeinsame Praxis und einen geteilten Symbolbestand religionshistorische Grenzen ihrer jeweiligen Traditionen ausblenden. Solcherlei Grenzen erscheinen dabei für wissenschaftssystematische Zusammenhänge wichtiger als für die untersuchten Akteure selbst. Denn die hier untersuchten Gruppen und Individuen artikulieren einen Selbstentwurf von Islam, in dem der Aspekt der Verbundenheit zur Familie des Propheten, den ehlibeyt, eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Unter Bezugnahme auf Fredrick Barths Einsichten zu Ethnizität und Stuart Halls Theorie der Artikulation werden die Beispiele in Bezug auf Praxen der Abgrenzung und der Identifikation beschrieben und analysiert. Dabei wird zum einen danach gefragt, in welchem Verhältnis Abgrenzung und Identifikation zueinander stehen, und zum anderen, unter welchen Bedingungen die Akteure eine Form von Islam artikulieren können, der hier als „Ehlibeyt-Islam“ bezeichnet werden soll und der jenseits konfessionalisierter (Wissenschafts-)Sprache zu verorten ist.
A preliminary transcriptome analysis suggests a transitory effect of vitamin D on mitochondrial function in obese young Finnish subjects
Authors: Einarsdottir Elisabet , Pekkinen Minna , Krjutškov Kaarel , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha , Mäkitie Outi , Viljakainen Heli 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe effect of vitamin D at the transcriptome level is poorly understood, and furthermore, it is unclear if it differs between obese and normal-weight subjects. The objective of the study was to explore the transcriptome effects of vitamin D supplementation.Design and methodsWe analysed peripheral blood gene expression using GlobinLock oligonucleotides followed by RNA sequencing in individuals participating in a 12-week randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention study. The study involved 18 obese and 18 normal-weight subjects (of which 20 males) with mean (±s.d.) age 20.4 (±2.5) years and BMIs 36 (±10) and 23 (±4) kg/m2, respectively. The supplemental daily vitamin D dose was 50 µg (2000 IU). Data were available at baseline, 6- and 12-week time points and comparisons were performed between the vitamin D and placebo groups separately in obese and normal-weight subjects.ResultsSignificant transcriptomic changes were observed at 6 weeks, and only in the obese subjects: 1724 genes were significantly upregulated and 186 genes were downregulated in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. Further analyses showed several enriched gene categories connected to mitochondrial function and metabolism, and the most significantly enriched pathway was related to oxidative phosphorylation (adjustedPvalue 3.08 × 10−14). Taken together, our data suggest an effect of vitamin D supplementation on mitochondrial function in obese subjects.ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation affects gene expression in obese, but not in normal-weight subjects. The altered genes are enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial function. The present study increases the understanding of the effects of vitamin D at the transcriptome level.
Complex Trait Prediction from Genome Data: Contrasting EBV in Livestock to PRS in Humans
Authors: Wray Naomi R , Kemper Kathryn E , Hayes Benjamin J , Goddard Michael E , Visscher Peter M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in livestock and polygenic risk scores (PRS) in humans are conceptually similar; however, the between-species differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) provide a fundamental point of distinction that impacts approaches to data analyses...In this Review, we focus on the similarity of the concepts underlying prediction of estimated breeding values (EBVs) in livestock and polygenic risk scores (PRS) in humans. Our research spans both fields and so we recognize factors that are very obvious for those in one field, but less so for those in the other. Differences in family size between species is the wedge that drives the different viewpoints and approaches. Large family size achievable in nonhuman species accompanied by selection generates a smaller effective population size, increased linkage disequilibrium and a higher average genetic relationship between individuals within a population. In human genetic analyses, we select individuals unrelated in the classical sense (coefficient of relationship &lt;0.05) to estimate heritability captured by common SNPs. In livestock data, all animals within a breed are to some extent “related,” and so it is not possible to select unrelated individuals and retain a data set of sufficient size to analyze. These differences directly or indirectly impact the way data analyses are undertaken. In livestock, genetic segregation variance exposed through samplings of parental genomes within families is directly observable and taken for granted. In humans, this genomic variation is under-recognized for its contribution to variation in polygenic risk of common disease, in both those with and without family history of disease. We explore the equation that predicts the expected proportion of variance explained using PRS, and quantify how GWAS sample size is the key factor for maximizing accuracy of prediction in both humans and livestock. Last, we bring together the concepts discussed to address some frequently asked questions.
Geothermal Conditions and Petroleum Potential of the Tyumen and Malyshevka Formations of the West Siberian Basin
Authors: Kazanenkov V.A. , Kurchikov A.R. , Plavnik A.G. , Shaporina M.N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—The paper considers present-day rock temperature distribution in the top of the Tyumen and Malyshevka Formations throughout the West Siberian sedimentary basin. A temperature variations map based on earlier and newly obtained data has been compiled for regional hydrocarbon reservoir Yu2. A forecast of the temperature variations in the Malyshevka Formation top has been made for the Arctic regions that have not been well studied with deep drilling. Analysis of hydrocarbon pools distribution within the Bathonian reservoir is presented.
The Structure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Fold Belt and the Problem of Recognition of the Amur Microcontinent
Authors: Gordienko I.V. , Metelkin D.V. , Vetluzhskikh L.I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—The paper presents a new understanding of the geologic composition and geodynamic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt. It considers the issues related to recognition and substantiation of the Amur composite microcontinent (Amuria superterrane). We analyze the latest data on the geologic composition, age, and paleomagnetism of the Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic complexes, such as the Argun terrane and neighboring structures of Transbaikalia and Mongolia, as one of the key elements of Amuria. In particular, we have refined the age of a number of Precambrian and Paleozoic stratified and magmatic stages and demonstrated the absence of an Archean–Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement. Using a set of our own paleomagnetic and paleontological data, we have substantiated the equatorial position of the Argun terrane in the close proximity to Siberia at 560–525 Ma. The results of our study and the performed analysis of available geological data on the Argun terrane and neighboring Transbaikalia and Southeastern Asia territories point to the fallacy of previous arguments about the Amur composite microcontinent as a single tectonic unit, whose collision led to the formation of the folded structures of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt. This conclusion is of crucial importance for reconstructing the geodynamic evolution of the eastern part of the Central Asian Fold Belt in the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic.
Tüsterî’den (Ö.283) Konevî’ye (Ö.673) İşârî Fatiha Yorumları: Tefsir’den Müşâhede Yöntemine Yorumlamanın Seyri
Authors: TEZCAN Tuğrul 
Published: April 2019

Hz. Peygamber’le başlayan, züht ve takvâ nitelikli tasavvufî/işârî
yorumlar tefsir ilminin gelişmesine paralel olarak nitelik ve nicelik yönden değişmiştir. Şifâhi
gelenekle aktarılan işârî yorumlar Tüsterî’yle birlikte müstakil tefsirler
içinde vücud bulmaya başlamışsa da Tüsterî’nin Fatiha tefsirinde bu yön öne
çıkmamıştır. Sülemî ile devam eden süreçte sûfî amelî yorumlardan oluşan işârî
tefsir, Kuşeyrî’de zâhir ve bâtın çelişmezliği üzerine bina edilen amelî te’ville
varlığını sürdürmüş, Gazâlî’de Hikmet arayışlarına yönelmiş, Ruzbihân Baklî ile
Kurân’ın letâif hazinelerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmış, Dâye ile harflere
anlam libası giydirilmiş, sıfatlarla ilişki kurulmuş, İbn Arâbî
ile bu ilişki insan-varlık-Tanrı münasebetine dönüştürülmüş, sembolik bir dil
ile bu münasebet açıklanmış, Konevî ile de
bu süreç sonraki nesillere taşınmıştır. Netice itibariyle Fatihâ
yorumları bu süreçte tefsirden müşahede yöntemine doğru ilerlemiştir. Çalışmamızda Tefsir Edebiyatında Tüsterî’den Konevi’ye kadar Fatiha Süresinin işarî
yorum bağlamında uğradığı değişimlere değinilecektir.
Seguros solidarios e inclusión financiera
Authors: Carmona B. Pedro Luis 
Published: April 2019

Propósito: el presente artículo tiene como propósito aproximarse a una medición del impacto que han tenido los seguros solidarios en la inclusión financiera en Venezuela.
Temas: ante la realidad del crecimiento de la pobreza en Venezuela surge la necesidad, no solo de generar inclusión financiera desde las instituciones bancarias, sino también desde las empresas aseguradoras formales. Por tanto, los reguladores y hacedores de políticas públicas han desarrollado mecanismos de inclusión de los sectores desfavorecidos al sector asegurador, con el objetivo de mitigar riesgos y coadyuvar en la reducción de los niveles de pobreza. Sin embargo, este impacto no ha sido cuantificado, de manera que no se conoce el alcance real de esta política.
Desarrollo: la investigación se basó en la metodología propuesta por la Alianza para la Inclusión Financiera (afi, por sus siglas en inglés) y se limitó a la construcción de indicadores de la dimensión “Acceso”, al tomarse datos estadísticos de las instituciones oficiales para los años 2012 y 2013.
Conclusiones: se evidencia que el impacto de los seguros solidarios en términos de inclusión financiera es irrelevante. Se recomienda la evaluación de la política pública a fin de abordar las posibles fallas de diseño e implementación de tan importante instrumento de reducción de la pobreza.