bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgG Binding to Endothelial Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Roux Geneviève Le , Wautier Marie-Paule , Guillevin L , Wautier J L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEndothelial-asSociated IgG were determined in 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) - 8 of whom had a lupus anticoagulant (LA) and 6 a history of thrombosis. The binding of IgG present in patient plasma to cultured human endothelial cells was detected using radiolabeled staphylococcal protein A. Thirteen samples gave positive results and a significant association between endothelial-associated IgG and lupus anticoagulant was found (p <0.05). No statistically significant relationship with a previous history of thrombosis was found. These results suggest that the lupus anticoagulant may be directly involved in immune vascular injury induced by either antibodies or immune complexes in SLE.
Utility of a Modified Calibration Model for Reliable Conversion of Thromboplastin Times to International Normalized Ratios
Authors: Gogstad G O , Wadt J , Smith P , Brynildsrud T 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe combined thromboplastin reagent, Normotest, has been calibrated against the secondary international reference preparation for bovine thromboplastin, OBT/79. Three expert laboratories measured up to 62 patients on stabilized oral anticoagulant therapy and up to 20 normals in order to establish an INR-scale for Normotest. It was found that the model recommended by the WHO was less suited for the calibration of this thromboplastin. This is the first study in which three independent laboratories demonstrate a similar bias of the WHO calibration model. A modified model in which a correction factor is introduced was applied to the problem and proved to give a reliable calculation method for INR on Normotest. The mean coefficient of variation of INR calculated between measurements with Normotest and OBT/79 (scatter of data around calibration line) was 4.2-5.0% as compared to 5.1-5.7% for the WHO-method. A conversion scale for percent activities between Normotest and Thrombotest was established showing that the recommended therapeutic range of 5-10% Thrombotest (INR = 4.8-2.8) corresponds to 10-20% Normotest.
Development of a Pediatric Balance Center: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Lavender Violette , Castiglione Micheal , Bachmann Katheryn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe growing evidence of the need for pediatric vestibular evaluation, as well as the availability of successful treatment options for children, is attracting the attention of many professionals and sparking much interest in the development of pediatric balance centers in North America. Complete balance function assessment and rehabilitation in children requires specialized knowledge and practices of professionals in multiple disciplines. While individual specialists provide useful test information and recommendations for patients, the collaboration of specialists working in a multidisciplinary fashion allows the information to become more powerful, providing the patients and their families with a comprehensive plan. Currently, there are only a handful of pediatric balance centers in North America and most of the centers have been in existence less than 10 years. Thus, this new initiative is in its infancy. Educating oneself, administrators, referral sources, and interdisciplinary colleagues is crucial for gathering support for the enormous endeavor of developing such a center. There are many resources one can draw from, including the works found in this issue. Our hope is that this special Seminars in Hearing may serve as a companion guide to anyone interested in performing pediatric vestibular evaluations and/or developing a multidisciplinary pediatric balance center.
Vestibular Rehabilitation for Children
Authors: Rine Rose 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on vestibular rehabilitation (VR) for children. Reports of the presence of vestibular dysfunction in infants, young children, and adolescents have increased over the past decade. In addition to being a comorbidity of sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction has been noted in children with cytomegalovirus, late prematurity, and concussion, to name a few. Despite ample evidence and reports of VR for adults, the selection and provision of exercises to be included in the VR protocol for children vary, depending on the nature of the lesion, impairments identified, age at the time of lesion, and developmental factors such as critical periods of development and intermodality interdependence. Unlike adults, children with loss of function or hypofunction of the vestibular apparatus since or shortly after birth present with a developmental delay that is progressive. Very young children may not be able to describe symptoms but rather only avoid activities or cry. This report provides a review of vestibular-related impairments in children, determinants of the symptoms and functional impairments of vestibular dysfunction, the mechanisms of recovery in children, the challenges of VR for children, and a summary of research on the efficacy for VR for children.
Hip Cartilage Restoration: Available Evidence and Current Trends
Authors: Collins Tyler 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTreatment of cartilage pathology is controversial. In the hip, it is even more so as identification and treatment of early cartilage disease are relatively new and little evidence exists. With the advent and more widespread use of hip arthroscopy, easier access to the hip joint is available, and adequate treatment is possible with less morbidity. Many treatment options exist for cartilage lesions including nonoperative treatment, debridement, microfracture, acetabuloplasty, cartilage fixation, cartilage scaffolds, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and osteochondral grafting. While far from definitive, the current evidence suggests that smaller cartilage lesions (< 4 cm2) have good results with most treatments while larger lesions fare better with treatments that produce hyaline-like cartilage. The most cost-effective arthroscopic treatments of smaller cartilage lesions include acetabuloplasty and microfracture, while larger lesions should be considered for autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis or matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation. Larger cartilage lesions with bone disease are more adequately treated with open procedures such as osteochondral grafting or total hip arthroplasty.
Ma non era rosso? (But wasn’t it red?)
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this article I investigate the properties of counter-expectational surprise yes-no questions in Italian, introduced by the adversative particle ma. These structures minimally contrast with surprise exclamations. I provide an analysis of the left periphery able to explain the observations concerning the distribution of ma, for instance that it must precede all other items in the clause and cannot be embedded. I propose that ma is a discourse head, projecting a syntactic structure analogous to that of normal syntactic heads. Discourse heads, however, connect separate sentences, which can also be uttered by different speakers, provided that they belong to the same context. I also add some brief remarks on the so-called expletive negation appearing in these cases.
Dime una cosa: Are wh-in-situ questions different in Spanish?
Authors: González Carolina , Reglero Lara 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This project provides a preliminary examination of the intonational characteristics of information-seeking, echo-repetition and echo-surprise wh-in-situ questions in Spanish. The analysis of 120 questions from 4 female participants from Northern Peninsular Spanish shows that information-seeking questions have a relatively reduced tonal range, and they are the most likely to have final rising contours. On the other hand, echo-repetition and echo-surprise questions differ mostly in that the former have lower local tonal ranges than the latter. These findings provide support for previous syntactic analyses that argue for differences between information-seeking and echo-questions on one side, and echo-repetition and echo-surprise questions on the other.
Clitic doubling, person and agreement in French hyper-complex inversion
Authors: Kayne Richard S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper claims that Hyper-Complex Inversion (HCI) is an instance of clitic doubling that is subject to a person restriction not found with more familiar cases of clitic doubling. This restriction is argued to result from an incompatibility between the postverbal subject clitic (SCL) of HCI and the demonstrative structure associated with first and second person pronouns. That demonstrative structure also plays a role in asymmetries that hold concerning the possible silence, in certain cases, of third person pronouns, but not first or second person pronouns. HCI shares with past participle agreement the property that it is incompatible with an unmoved lexical direct object, in a way that presents a challenge to Agree, if Agree is taken to be available even in the absence of movement. The SCL of HCI sentences can sometimes climb out of an embedded infinitive, in a way related to the Comp-area character of its landing site.
Bridging and dislocation in Catalan
Authors: Mayol Laia , Villalba Xavier 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The exact anaphoric relation between the referent of dislocates and their previous discourse referents has been a matter of much discussion. In this paper, we reexamine this relation under the light of Clark’s notion of bridging (Clark 1977), and connect different anaphoric bridging types with left (LD) and right dislocations (RD) in Catalan. We report a judgment task experiment showing that while speakers clearly perceive LD and RD as different for most kinds of bridging, they rate RD better across the board, suggesting that speakers can use RD for a wider range of uses than previously assumed. Yet, albeit the preference for RD in Catalan, LD seems to be inherently linked to contrastive readings.
Dependent numerals and dependent existentials in Romanian
Authors: Panaitescu Mara 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses Romanian dependent indefinites (DepIndef’s) introduced by the distributive marker câte (/‘kɨ.te/). They come in two guises, referred to as dependent numerals (DepNum’s) in the configuration [câte num np], and dependent existentials (DepExist’s), in the configuration [câte sg-indef np]. The two marked indefinites are identical to their unmarked counterparts at the level of assertion. The narrower distribution of DepNum’s is an effect of the interaction between the numeral and certain Partition operators which license câte. The licensing condition of câte DPs in both guises states that these DPs must be under the scope of a D/Part operator in the terminology of Champollion (2016a,b). DepNum’s are associated with an event-dependent measure of cardinality.
Latin denominal deponents
Authors: Pinzin Francesco 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Latin deponent verbs are usually analyzed as idiosyncratic forms whose Middle morphology does not correspond to the subjacent syntactic/semantic structure (Embick 2000, Xu et al. 2007). This paper shows that, for the deponents produced after the first half of the II cent. BCE (ex. ancillor ‘I serve’, dominor ‘I rule’, aquor ‘I go to get water’), the presence of the Middle morphology is syntactically justified. These deponents are denominals. Their event structure involves two events, a stative one, v-be°, whose complement is the verbalized nominal element, and a dynamic one, v-do°. The unique argument is both the HOLDER of the state and the DOER of the dynamic event. The Middle morphology allows for the identification between these two positions, as in a Middle reflexive derivation (Spathas et al. 2015).
Timing properties of (Brazilian) Portuguese and (European) Spanish
Authors: Vogel Irene , Athanasopoulou Angeliki , Guzzo Natália Brambatti 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Linguistic rhythmic or timing categories, usually defined in terms of isochrony, remain controversial as a meaningful typology for classifying languages, despite decades of research. Romance languages offer an opportunity to address this question since closely related languages are proposed to be at different ends of the typology. We test two such languages: European Spanish (ES) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Instead of investigating isochrony per se, however, we examine the interface between timing and prominence properties. Since duration is associated with prominence, we test the hypothesis that syllable-timed languages (ES) do not alter duration to express prominence, while non-syllable-timed languages (BP) do. Comparisons of lexical and sentential prominence effects on duration support our hypothesis, confirming the proposed distinction between the rhythmic classes of the two languages.
On the differential evolution of simple and complex object constructions in English
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article surveys the evolution of object structures in Modern English. In the area of simple constructions, a vast range of prepositional objects and adjuncts have been replaced by direct objects, thus making the latter category considerably more abstract. By contrast, in the area of more complex structures, English has experienced a series of dramatic changes, leading to the virtual loss of several types of construction and the contraction of many others. Most of these reductive changes have introduced a high degree of functional specialization, by narrowing the semantic spectrum of the original syntactic frame or by compelling the use of alternative grammatical devices. The paper provides a corpus-based analysis of three major domains, external possessor constructions, double objects, and clausal complements preceded by direct objects.
Causative make and its infinitival complements in Early Modern English
Authors: Iyeiri Yoko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present paper discusses the variability between to- and bare infinitives in the complement of causative make in Early Modern English, with a focus on make used in the active voice. Although bare infinitives are almost exclusively used with active causative make in Present-day English, this has not always been the case in the history of English. Throughout the Early Modern English period, to-infinitives were still encountered to a noticeable extent. Moreover, various linguistic factors were relevant to the choice of to- and bare infinitives. The present paper examines complexity in general, the objects/causees of make, coordination of infinitives, and lexical items used as infinitives.
Semantic and lexical shifts with the “into-causative” construction in American English
Authors: Davies Mark , Kim Jong-Bok 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider several lexical and semantic shifts with the “into-causative” construction (e.g. Sue talked them into leaving) in American English since the early 1800s. The study is based on more than 11,000 tokens (including 680 different matrix verbs) in several large corpora, including COHA, COCA, TIME, and GloWbE. We consider overall changes in the semantic classes of verbs that can be used in the construction (e.g. verbs of force, persuasion, trickery). We then look in some detail at changes with “neutral” verbs (e.g. lead) and “positive” verbs (e.g. encourage), “indirect causation” and a hybrid construction involving the way construction.
Free adjuncts in Late Modern English
Authors: Bouzada-Jabois Carla 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the English free adjunct construction in Late Modern English based on data from the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English (PPCMBE1). Data from this analysis will be compared to information available in existing studies on Early Modern and Present-day English. The findings based on my own data analysis and the data in earlier studies confirm a decrease in the frequency of the free adjunct construction from EModE to LModE and an stabilization from LModE to PDE. Verbal free adjuncts show an increasing preference for present-participial forms and they tend to be placed in final position. Semantically, most verbal free adjuncts are controlled by the subjects of the main clauses and their semantic contribution to the sentence is, in Kortmann’s (1991: 121) terms, “most informative”. Finally, free adjuncts are typically not augmented.
Why Scotsmen will drown and shall not be saved
Authors: Elsweiler Christine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The divergent use of the modal auxiliaries will and shall in Scots and Standard English was noticed as early as the eighteenth century. The Scottish National Dictionary states that in Scots, first-person will instead of shall is used for predictions without denoting volition, which, in turn, is said to be often expressed by shall. In the second and third person, will may express obligation. This study investigates the use of will and shall in the Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots (HCOS) with a special focus on the interplay of modal meaning and grammatical person. The corpus data confirm the observations of the Scottish National Dictionary for Modern Scots, with a significant drop in first-person volitional will in the seventeenth century and fairly high counts for first-person volitional shall throughout Older Scots. The prediction uses of both first-person will and shall, however, remain low throughout the period. In addition, several instances of second- and third-person will were found that impose an obligation through an indirect speech act.
A study of Old English dugan
Authors: Kaita Kousuke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study examines how the Old English preterite-present verb dugan ‘to avail’ developed into a modal auxiliary of ability (‘can’) in Middle English. Two factors in the Old English period play a role in this auxiliation process: (i) the influence of the modal precursor magan (meaning ‘to be strong’ as a lexical verb and ‘can’ as a modal) (> Modern English may) and (ii) the textual characteristics of medical texts. Dugan shares with magan a number of morphological and semantic properties. Furthermore, in medical texts, Old English dugan is attested as a lexical verb with the to-infinitive; magan as well is attested as a lexical verb and as a modal followed by the bare infinitive. It is argued that dugan starts combining with the bare infinitive because of the analogy with magan after the medical manuscripts were passed on to the Middle English period.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high‐impact sports athletes and their association with knowledge, attitude and practice about this dysfunction
Authors: Cardoso Amanda Maria Brito , Lima Cláudia Regina Oliveira de Paiva , Ferreira Caroline Wanderley Souto 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in female athletes practising high‐impact sports and its association with knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).Design: Observational study.Methods: A semi‐structured evaluation form, KAP survey and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to verify the association of UI with KAP, sociodemographic, gynaecological and sports‐related variables, with significant variables remaining in the model (p < .05), through a stepwise strategy.Results: The prevalence of UI in 118 athletes was 82 (70%), of which 19 (23%) had pure stress UI, 19 (23%) had pure urgency UI and 44 (54%) had mixed UI; with 50 (61%) athletes losing urine during training and 37 (45%) during competitions. Regarding the KAP survey, 37 athletes (31%) demonstrated adequate knowledge, 63 (53%) adequate attitude and zero adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, a sports practice time of over 8 years and dyspareunia presented significant values, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.66 and 2.99, respectively. Knowledge was significantly associated with UI (OR 0.43). UI had a slight impact on QOL.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of UI yet low levels of adequate knowledge and practice regarding the occurrence of UI in sports, with sports practice time over 8 years and dyspareunia factors predisposing female athletes to UI by 2.7 and 3 times, respectively. Athletes with adequate knowledge were 57% less likely to develop UI.
Pollination Markets and the Coupled Futures of Almonds and Honey Bees: Simulating Impacts of Shifts in Demands and Costs
Authors: Lee Hyunok , Sumner Daniel A. , Champetier Antoine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHoney bees have garnered much attention in recent years. Concerns about long‐term sustainability of pollinator populations have been coupled with concerns about implications for food supplies. We use a novel formulation of a multiple input, multiple output, two season equilibrium simulation model to explore economic linkages across the markets of buyers and sellers of pollination services and honey. We specify and calibrate in a tractable way the empirical relationships between pollinators and the crops they pollinate, especially almonds. Our model highlights the sequential nature of the pollination season and implication for revenue from pollination and honey production. We demonstrate how shifts in almond supply and demand and the much‐discussed honey bee hive health problems cause price and quantity adjustments in horizontally and vertically related markets and quantify these effects. We show that the economic fortunes of the almond industry, including demand growth, cost concerns, and the potential for new almond varieties that use fewer bees, crucially affect the returns to beekeeping and the number of hives. These drivers of almond economics also have substantial effects on the cost of pollination for crops that are pollinated later.
The Cortical Maps of Hierarchical Linguistic Structures during Speech Perception
Authors: Sheng Jingwei , Zheng Li , Lyu Bingjiang , Cen Zhehang , Qin Lang , Tan Li Hai , Huang Ming-Xiong , Ding Nai , Gao Jia-Hong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hierarchical nature of language requires human brain to internally parse connected-speech and incrementally construct abstract linguistic structures. Recent research revealed multiple neural processing timescales underlying grammar-based configuration of linguistic hierarchies. However, little is known about where in the whole cerebral cortex such temporally scaled neural processes occur. This study used novel magnetoencephalography source imaging techniques combined with a unique language stimulation paradigm to segregate cortical maps synchronized to 3 levels of linguistic units (i.e., words, phrases, and sentences). Notably, distinct ensembles of cortical loci were identified to feature structures at different levels. The superior temporal gyrus was found to be involved in processing all 3 linguistic levels while distinct ensembles of other brain regions were recruited to encode each linguistic level. Neural activities in the right motor cortex only followed the rhythm of monosyllabic words which have clear acoustic boundaries, whereas the left anterior temporal lobe and the left inferior frontal gyrus were selectively recruited in processing phrases or sentences. Our results ground a multi-timescale hierarchical neural processing of speech in neuroanatomical reality with specific sets of cortices responsible for different levels of linguistic units.