bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened soft drinks with β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes: the Maastricht Study
Authors: den Biggelaar Louise J. C. J. , Sep Simone J. S. , Mari Andrea , Ferrannini Ele , van Dongen Martien C. J. M. , Wijckmans Nicole E. G. , Schram Miranda T. , van der Kallen Carla J. , Schaper Nicolaas , Henry Ronald M. A. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverage consumptions have both been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential underlying associations with dynamic pancreatic β-cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity.

Methods
We evaluated cross-sectional associations in 2240 individuals (mean ± SD age 59.6 ± 8.18, 49.4% male, 21.9% T2D) participating in a diabetes-enriched population-based cohort. Artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened soft drinks and juice consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Glucose metabolism status, insulin sensitivity, and BCF were measured by a seven-point oral glucose tolerance test. Regression analyses were performed to assess associations of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with measures of glucose homeostasis. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders, and additionally with and without total energy intake and BMI, as these variables could be mediators.

Results
Moderate consumption of artificially sweetened soft drink was associated with lower β-cell glucose sensitivity [standardized beta (95% CI), − 0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.02)], total insulin secretion [β − 0.06 (− 0.10, − 0.02)], and with lower β-cell rate sensitivity [odds ratio (95% CI), 1.29 (1.03, 1.62)] compared to abstainers. Daily artificially sweetened soft drink consumption was associated with lower β-cell glucose sensitivity [β − 0.05 (− 0.09, 0.00)], and total insulin secretion [β − 0.05 − 0.09, − 0.01)] compared to abstainers.

Conclusions
Moderate and daily consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks was associated with lower BCF, but not with insulin sensitivity. No evidence was found for associations of sugar-sweetened soft drink and juice consumption with BCF or insulin sensitivity in this middle-aged population. Prospective studies are warranted to further investigate the associations of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with non-fasting insulin sensitivity and multiple BCF aspects.
How satisfied are cervical dystonia patients after 3 years of botulinum toxin type A treatment? Results from a prospective, long-term observational study
Authors:   the INTEREST IN CD2 study group, Colosimo Carlo , Charles David , Misra Vijay P. , Maisonobe Pascal , Om Savary 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with cervical dystonia (CD) typically require regular injections of botulinum toxin to maintain symptomatic control. We aimed to document long-term patient satisfaction with CD symptom control in a large cohort of patients treated in routine practice.

Methods
This was a prospective, international, observational study (NCT01753349) following the course of adult CD treated with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) over 3 years. A comprehensive clinical assessment status was performed at each injection visit and subjects reported satisfaction in two ways: satisfaction with symptom control at peak effect and at the end of treatment cycle.

Results
Subject satisfaction remained relatively stable from the first to the last injection visit. At 3 years, 89.9% of subjects reported satisfaction with symptom control at peak effect and 55.6% reported satisfaction with symptom control at end of treatment cycle. By contrast, objective ratings of CD severity showed an overall reduction over 3 years. Mean ± SD Toronto Western Spasmodic Rating Scale (TWSTRS) Total scores (clinician assessed at end of treatment cycle) decreased from 31.59 ± 13.04 at baseline to 24.49 ± 12.43 at 3 years (mean ± SD reduction from baseline of − 6.97 ± 11.56 points). Tsui scale scores also showed gradual improvement; the percent of subjects with a tremor component score of 4 reduced from 12.4% at baseline to 8.1% at 3 years.

Conclusions
Despite objective clinical improvements over 3 years, subject satisfaction with symptom control remained relatively constant, indicating that factors other than symptom control also play a role in patient satisfaction.
Cluster-based Kriging approximation algorithms for complexity reduction
Authors: van Stein Bas , Wang Hao , Kowalczyk Wojtek , Emmerich Michael , Bäck Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKrigingorGaussian Process Regressionis applied in many fields as a non-linear regression model as well as a surrogate model in the field of evolutionary computation. However, the computational and space complexity of Kriging, that is cubic and quadratic in the number of data points respectively, becomes a major bottleneck with more and more data available nowadays. In this paper, we propose a general methodology for the complexity reduction, called cluster Kriging, where the whole data set is partitioned into smaller clusters and multiple Kriging models are built on top of them. In addition, four Kriging approximation algorithms are proposed as candidate algorithms within the new framework. Each of these algorithms can be applied to much larger data sets while maintaining the advantages and power of Kriging. The proposed algorithms are explained in detail and compared empirically against a broad set of existing state-of-the-art Kriging approximation methods on a well-defined testing framework. According to the empirical study, the proposed algorithms consistently outperform the existing algorithms. Moreover, some practical suggestions are provided for using the proposed algorithms.
AU Pegasi revisited: period evolution and orbital elements of a peculiar Type II Cepheid
Authors: Csörnyei Géza , Szabados László 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
New analysis on the period changes of Type II Cepheid AU Peg is presented. The available recent photometric measurements were collected and analysed with various methods. The period has been found to be constant for certain time intervals, although increasing in overall, in contrast with the previous expectations, which suggested the period change to reverse. Superimposed on overall period change, a formerly unknown periodic behaviour has been found in the $O-C$
O
−
C
diagram of AU Peg, which cannot be matched to the radial velocity variations. Since the Cepheid is a member of a binary system, it is probable that the unusual period change is in connection with the companion’s tidal force. The orbital elements of the binary system involving AU Peg have been also revised.
Disengagement, engagement and digital skills in technology-enhanced learning
Authors: Bergdahl Nina , Nouri Jalal , Fors Uno 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the digitalisation of education increasing, the relationship between student engagement in Technology-enhanced Learning (TEL) and digital skills has remained largely unexplored. There is a strong consensus that engagement is necessary for students to succeed in school. We hypothesised that students reporting high and low levels of general engagement display differences in terms of their engagement in TEL, and that students’ digital skills correlate with their engagement in and disengagement in TEL, which in turn is related to their learning outcomes. We used statistical tests to explore the relationship between the students’ (N = 410) general engagement and engagement in TEL, and investigated how digital skills were related to engagement and disengagement in TEL. We found significant correlations between students’ digital skills and engagement in TEL, showing that the possession of high levels of digital skill is related to engagement in TEL. Interestingly, digital skills were not related to disengagement. This suggests that students reporting both high and low levels of digital skills disengage to some extent when learning with technologies. We also identified variables reflecting both engagement and disengagement in TEL that predict student performance as measured via final grades, implying that in order to understand and support students who learn with technologies, a broader understanding of the factors influencing engagement and disengagement is key.
Two new genera of Acanthaceae from tropical Africa
Authors: Darbyshire Iain , Kiel Carrie A. , Daniel Thomas F. , McDade Lucinda A. , Luke W. R. Quentin 
Published: September 2019

Summary
DNA sequence data, macro-morphological evidence and pollen analysis are used to clarify the phylogenetic placement of two African species of Acanthaceae: Schaueria populifolia C.B.Clarke and Rhinacanthus ndorensis Schweinf. The combined data demonstrate that these species are only distantly related to the genera in which they are currently placed and provide strong support for recognition of new genera to accommodate them. Two new genera are therefore proposed and a taxonomic account is provided for each of these. The first, Champluviera I.Darbysh., T.F.Daniel & C.A.Kiel, is based primarily on S. populifolia but Chlamydocardia nuda C.B.Clarke (= Justicia tigrina Heine) is also included within this new genus based on shared morphological traits, at least one of which is synapomorphic and restricted to these species. Based on molecular evidence, Champluviera is placed in a well-supported clade of several genera that are together sister to the core Isoglossinae lineage of tribe Justicieae. The genus may be recognised morphologically by the combination of a dense spiciform terminal thyrse with the bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes all slender and closely resembling one another; a bilabiate corolla lacking a rugula and with intricate speckling or striping on the lips; and, in particular, the putatively synapomorphic trait of anther thecae with broad, flattened, basal appendages that have an irregularly toothed fringe. The second new genus, Kenyacanthus I.Darbysh. & C.A.Kiel, is based on R. ndorensis and is so far thought to be monospecific. It is placed between core Diclipterinae and Monechma Group II within the expanded subtribe Diclipterinae in tribe Justicieae. Kenyacanthus can be recognised morphologically by having the combination of a trailing or procumbent habit; fasciculate inflorescences; bracts, bracteoles and calyces with hyaline margins; a bilabiate corolla with a slender cylindrical tube longer than the limb and with a shallow rugula; stenotribic flowers, with the stamens held against the lower lip; and anthers with only slightly offset thecae that lack appendages.
Heterotopic Brain Tissue in the Spinal Canal: a Report of an Unusual Case with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Mazurek Marek , Kulesza Bartłomiej , Jarosz Bożena , Janusz Witold , Rola Radosław 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Heterotopia refers to cells displaced from normal sites, when they are in an aberrant location within their organ of origin. Heterotopic neuroglial tissues are usually located in the nasal region. We present acase of a 69-year-old man with a long history of lumbosacral pain with paresis of the inferior limb. MRI examination detected a cystic tumor located at the L1-L2 level. Histologic examination revealed presence of heterotopic neuroglial tissues, containing synaptophysin, glial cells, and meninges.
Sharing the Load: How Do Coresident Children Influence the Allocation of Work and Schooling in Northwestern Tanzania?
Authors: Hedges Sophie , Lawson David W. , Todd Jim , Urassa Mark , Sear Rebecca 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Economic and evolutionary models of parental investment often predict education biases toward earlier-born children, resulting from either household resource dilution or parental preference. Previous research, however, has not always found these predicted biases—perhaps because in societies where children work, older children are more efficient at household tasks and substitute for younger children, whose time can then be allocated to school. The role of labor substitution in determining children’s schooling remains uncertain, however, because few studies have simultaneously considered intrahousehold variation in both children’s education and work. Here, we investigate the influence of coresident children on education, work, and leisure in northwestern Tanzania, using detailed time use data collected from multiple children per household (n = 1,273). We find that age order (relative age, compared with coresident children) within the household is associated with children’s time allocation, but these patterns differ by gender. Relatively young girls do less work, have more leisure time, and have greater odds of school enrollment than older girls. We suggest that this results from labor substitution: older girls are more efficient workers, freeing younger girls’ time for education and leisure. Conversely, relatively older boys have the highest odds of school enrollment among coresident boys, possibly reflecting traditional norms regarding household work allocation and age hierarchies. Gender is also important in household work allocation: boys who coreside with more girls do fewer household chores. We conclude that considering children as both producers and consumers is critical to understanding intrahousehold variation in children’s schooling and work.
Op metastasen gerichte behandeling van prostaatcarcinoom
Authors: Leyten Gisèle H. J. M. , van Oort Inge M. , Bergman Andries M. 
Published: September 2019

Samenvatting
Het aantal behandelmogelijkheden voor gemetastaseerd prostaatkanker en castratieresistent prostaatkanker is het laatste decennium belangrijk toegenomen. Van abirateron, enzalutamide, cabazitaxel en radium-223 is reeds een overlevingswinst aangetoond. In dit overzichtsartikel zullen we de huidige behandelmogelijkheden en de nieuwste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van gemetastaseerd prostaatcarcinoom bespreken, onder andere nieuwe indicaties zoals ‘upfront’ abirateron, en mogelijke toekomstige behandelingen zoals 177Lu-PSMA-617 behandeling, en de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van immunotherapie. Ook zullen wij de huidige gegevens over de meerwaarde van behandelen van de patiënt met oligometastasen bespreken.
Investigation of calcium phosphate (CaP) tribofilms from commercial automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and their correlation with antishudder performance
Authors: Di Zechao , Xu Jingjing , Liu Yang , Jiang Yu , Huang Dongsheng , Cui Haitao , Liu Zhongguo , Zhao Zhiyu , Li Shaohui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The friction properties of wet clutches are highly dependent on the surface tribofilms formed by automatic transmission fluids (ATFs). Here, four commercial ATFs were evaluated with a disc-on-disc tribometer to study tribofilm formation on steel surfaces and the effects of tribofilms on the friction properties. The chemical composition, stoichiometry, structure, and thickness of the tribofilms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Calcium phosphate (CaP) tribofilms form on the friction surface with all ATFs, which contributes to their antishudder characteristics. The thickness and surface coverage of CaP tribofilms are positively correlated with their antishudder properties.
Erratum to: Lubrication of dry sliding metallic contacts by chemically prepared functionalized graphitic nanoparticles
Authors: Samanta Suprakash , Singh Santosh Kumar , Sahoo Rashmi R. 
Published: September 2019

The original version of this article unfortunately contained incorrect author’s name and address. On the first page of this article, instead ofSuprakash SAMANTA1,2, Santosh SINGH1, Rashmi R. SAHOO1,2,*1Surface Engineering & Tribology Division, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
It should readSuprakash SAMANTA1,2, Santosh Kumar SINGH1, Rashmi R. SAHOO1,2,*1Enviromental Engineering Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
A New Kaolin Deposit in Western Africa: Mineralogical and Compositional Features of Kaolinite from Caluquembe (Angola)
Authors: Tauler Esperança , Xu Jingyao , Campeny Marc , Amores Sandra , Melgarejo Joan Carles , Martinez Salvador , Gonçalves Antonio O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLarge kaolin deposits developed by weathering on Precambrian granitic rocks have been discovered in the Caluquembe area, Huíla province, Angola. To determine accuracy of analysis and to evaluate the kaolinite grade, a full-profile Rietveld refinement by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used. Caluquembe kaolin is composed mainly of kaolinite (44–93 wt.%), quartz (0–23 wt.%), and feldspar (4–14 wt.%). The Aparicio-Galán-Ferrell index (AGFI), calculated by XRPD profile refinement, indicates low- and medium-defect kaolinite. Kaolinite particles show a platy habit and they stack together forming ‘booklets’ or radial aggregates; they also occur as small anhedral particles in a finer-grained mass. Muscovite-kaolinite intergrowths have also been found. Whole-rock chemical analysis included major, trace, and Rare Earth Elements (REE). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show the same tendency for all samples, with a significant enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE). Mineralogical and compositional features of the Caluquembe kaolin indicate that it is a suitable material for the manufacture of structural products, such as bricks, paving stones, and roofing tiles. In addition, the significant REE contents of the Caluquembe kaolin can be considered as a potential future target of mining exploration.
Make development great again? Accumulation regimes, spaces of sovereign exception and the elite development paradigm of China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Gonzalez-Vicente Ruben 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article studies what I describe as “state-coordinated investment partnerships,” an investment modality central to the deployment of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These partnerships bring together state and business actors to export overcapacity and address infrastructural demands in underdeveloped markets. To do so, they require accumulation and sovereignty regimes that mirror, in contingent ways, similar social arrangements within China. The superposition of such regimes and the interests and social imaginaries of local actors produces forms of uneven and combined development and shapes the contours of the BRI's emerging developmental and geoeconomic footprints. The BRI exports also an elite development paradigm which promotes urbanization, connectivity and economic growth over participatory approaches. This paradigm projects a depoliticized version of China's present into the BRI's future to justify social and environmental dislocations, and shields Chinese firms from civil society scrutiny. My analysis rejects this elite perspective and favors a labor-centric approach that unearths the social foundations of the BRI. From this perspective, despite relevant differences in format, the BRI's quintessential investment modality is closely aligned to a contemporary global current of public-private partnerships endeavored to mobilize public resources and state power for the expansion of capitalist social relations.
Female sex worker’s children: their vulnerability in Iran
Authors: Mirzaei Saeid , Khosravi Sajad , Oroomiei Nadia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis qualitative study used a narrative approach to address the vulnerabilities and problems experienced by the children of sex workers in Iran. A purposive sample of women who were referred to drop-in centres were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. An analysis of the data identified 8 main themes and 12 sub-themes, most of which related to risks and harm being perpetrated on the children of sex workers. The main risk to these children was the likelihood that they would escape from home and become sex workers themselves. Also identified as problematic was the risk of child labour, becoming members of offending groups and becoming a member of a brothel.
Dietary administration of resistant starch improved caecal barrier function by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating microbiota composition in meat duck
Authors: Qin Simeng , Zhang Keying , Applegate Todd J. , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping , Luo Yuheng , Wang Jianping , Peng Huanwei , Su Zhuowei , Xuan Yue , Zeng Qiufeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResistant starch (RS) was recently approved to exert a powerful influence on gut health, but the effect of RS on the caecal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined. Thus, the effect of raw potato starch (RPS), a widely adopted RS material, on microbial composition and barrier function of caecum for meat ducks was determined. A total of 360 Cherry Valley male ducks of 1-d-old were randomly divided and fed diets with 0 (control), 12, or 24 % RPS for 35 d. Diets supplemented with RPS significantly elevated villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in the caecum. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with 12 % RPS had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and the butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Erysipelatoclostridium were enriched in all diets. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased in the 24 % RPS diet v. the control diet. When compared with the control diet, the diet with 12 % RPS was also found to notably increase acetate, propionate and butyrate contents and up-regulated barrier-related genes including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, mucin-2 and proglucagon in the caecum. Furthermore, the addition of 12 % RPS significantly reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1β and endotoxin concentrations. These data revealed that diets supplemented with 12 % RPS partially improved caecal barrier function in meat ducks by enhancing intestinal morphology and barrier markers expression, modulating the microbiota composition and attenuating inflammatory markers.
The prevention of torture in Rio de Janeiro: A study on the role of public defenders
Authors: Chénier-Laflèche Étienne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe attorneys of the Public Defender's Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PDORJ) are heavily present in the penitentiary system of Rio de Janeiro, individually meeting the vast majority of detainees and conducting monitoring visits. This article presents the work of the PDORJ in the prison system, focusing on its role in the prevention of torture. Based on semi-structured interviews with public defenders, the article explains the paradox between the extensive presence of the PDORJ in the prison system and the few instances of torture that are officially reported. It also presents recommendations aimed at better identifying and responding to accounts of torture.