bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of sympatry in a radiation of subterranean amphipods
Authors: Zakšek Valerija , Delić Teo , Fišer Cene , Jalžić Branko , Trontelj Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimWe tested the hypothesis that sympatry among closely related species is possible only in the absence of interspecific competition.LocationDinaric Karst, Western Balkan, Europe.TaxonA clade of subterranean amphipods, genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda).MethodsPhylogenetic reconstructions; species delimitation; modelling competition using phylogeny and species distributions; reconstruction of historical dispersal.ResultsThe clade comprises six species, which classify into two ecomorphs. Species of the same ecomorph are parapatric or allopatric, whereas species belonging to different ecomorphs overlap their ranges. The phylo‐spatial reconstructions suggest that the shift from allopatry to sympatry is associated with relaxation of competitive interactions. Reconstruction of species past dispersal implies that sympatry is of secondary origin.Main conclusionsInterspecific competition presumably controls evolutionary and ecological dynamics in subterranean environments in a similar way as in more familiar surface environments.
Validity and reliability of a point‐of‐care nerve conduction device in diabetes patients
Authors: Shibata Yuka , Himeno Tatsuhito , Kamiya Taeko , Tani Hiroya , Nakayama Takayuki , Kojima Chika , Sugiura‐Roth Yukako , Naito Ena , Kondo Masaki , Tsunekawa Shin , Kato Yoshiro , Nakamura Jiro , Kamiya Hideki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionAlthough nerve conduction study (NCS) using a standard electromyography system (EMGS) is considered to be the gold standard in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy, this examination requires expensive equipment and well‐trained technicians. We aimed to validate a point‐of‐care device, NC‐stat/DPNCheck™, that has been developed for widespread use of NCS in diabetic polyneuropathy.Materials and MethodsDiabetes patients underwent two kinds of NCS: DPNCheck™ and electromyography system. Inter‐/intrarater reliability of DPNCheck™ were also determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsA total of 57 patients were evaluated. The parameters of NCS between the two methods correlated well (r = 0.7734 for the sural nerve conduction velocity, r = 0.6155 for the amplitude of sural nerve action potential). The intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent (intrarater: the velocity 0.767, the amplitude 0.811; interrater: the velocity 0.974, the amplitude 0.834).ConclusionsThe point‐of‐care device has excellent reproducibility and good agreement with standard electromyography system. The device might be useful to evaluate diabetic polyneuropathy.
Skin lesions, differential diagnosis and practical approach to potential survivors of torture
Authors: Clarysse K. , Grosber M. , Ring J. , Gutermuth J. , Kivlahan C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs the international refugee crisis has reached new proportions (BMJ, 355, 2016 and i5412), survivors of torture increasingly present in treating physicians with an array of acute or chronic skin lesions. Physicians should be aware of common presentations and likely differential diagnoses in order to avoid mislabelling or under‐recognizing torture. Survivors of torture also frequently suffer from psychological sequelae, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, and appropriate referrals are essential in order to improve recovery trajectory. Skin sequelae are the most common physical findings of torture. Not all skin lesions seen in tortured survivors are due to perpetrator inflicted injuries, and many dermatological conditions can mimic lesions typical of torture, as can scars as a result of folk remedies or cultural practices specific to geographical regions. Medical documentation of torture includes injury and lesion description. While forensic dermatology and other forensic specialties use an injury description taxonomy, and the standard dermatologic taxonomy uses an anatomic description, they are complementary sciences for lesions inflicted by torture. This results in an opportunity for learning across disciplines in order to improve evidence documentation for survivors of torture. This article describes features of common skin lesions consistent with torture, including their clinical appearances, differential diagnoses, patterns of injury and appropriate clinical descriptions.
DNA copy number imbalances in primary cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Gug G. , Huang Q. , Chiticariu E. , Solovan C. , Baudis M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous lymphomas (CL) represent a clinically defined group of extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas harbouring heterogeneous and incompletely delineated molecular aberrations. Over the past decades, molecular studies have identified several chromosomal aberrations, but the interpretation of individual genomic studies can be challenging.ObjectiveWith a comprehensive meta‐analysis, we aim to delineate genomic alterations for different types of CL and propose a more accurate classification in line with their various pathogenicity.MethodsWe searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge for publications from 1996 to 2016 reporting the investigation of CL for genome‐wide copy number alterations, by means of comparative genomic hybridization techniques and whole‐genome sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing. We then extracted and remapped the available copy number variation (CNV) data from these publications with the same pipeline and performed clustering and visualisation to aggregate samples of similar CNV profiles.ResultsFor 449 samples from 22 publications, CNV data were accessible for sample based meta‐analysis. Our findings illustrate structural and numerical chromosomal imbalance patterns. Most frequent CNAs were linked to oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes with important roles in the course of the disease.ConclusionSummary profiles for genomic imbalances, generated from case‐specific data, identified complex genomic imbalances, which could discriminate between different subtypes of CL and promise a more accurate classification. The collected data presented in this study are publicly available through the ‘Progenetix’ online repository.
Multiple infections caused by white spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in pond‐reared Penaeus vannamei in India and multiplex PCR for their simultaneous detection
Authors: Thamizhvanan S. , Sivakumar S. , Santhosh Kumar S. , Vinoth Kumar D. , Suryakodi S. , Balaji K. , Rajkumar T. , Vimal S. , Abdul Majeed S. , Taju G. , Sahul Hameed A. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhite leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, were collected on a monthly basis from grow‐out ponds located at Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states along the east coast of India for screening of viral and other pathogens. Totally 240 shrimp samples randomly collected from 92 farms were screened for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The number of shrimp collected from shrimp farms ranged from 6 to 20 based on the body weight of the shrimp. All the shrimp collected from one farm were pooled together for screening for pathogens by PCR assay. Among the samples screened, 28 samples were WSSV‐positive, one positive for IHHNV and 30 samples positive for EHP. Among the positive samples, four samples were found to be positive for both WSSV and EHP, which indicated that the shrimp had multiple infections with WSSV and EHP. This is the first report on the occurrence of multiple infections caused by WSSV and EHP. Multiplex PCR (m‐PCR) protocol was standardized to detect both pathogens simultaneously in single reaction instead of carrying out separate PCR for both pathogens. Using m‐PCR assay, naturally infected shrimp samples collected from field showed two prominent bands of 615 and 510 bp for WSSV and EHP, respectively.
A metabolomic investigation into the temperature‐dependent virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Huang Lixing , Zuo Yanfei , Jiang Qingling , Su Yongquan , Qin Yingxue , Xu Xiaojin , Zhao Lingmin , Yan Qingpi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPseudomonas plecoglossicida is associated with multiple fish diseases, and temperature is one of the most important environmental factors related to its outbreak. To elucidate the influence of temperature variation on the pathogen, the global metabolomics of P. plecoglossicida (NZBD9) were analysed at the virulent (18°C) and avirulent (12°C and 28°C) temperatures. The result showed that the levels of Phosphoric acid, Tyrosine, Spermidine and Sucrose were significantly reduced，while Itaconic acid, Glucaric acid and Isomaltose were increased in P. plecoglossicida at 18°C. These metabolic adjustments assist P. plecoglossicida to survive in adverse environments, proliferate in the host, colonize and resist host immune clearance during the initial steps of infection. The results suggested that L321_03626 and L321_18122 genes played a key role in the regulation of these metabolic adaptions and thus regulated P. plecoglossicida virulence at virulent temperature, which was proved by further gene silencing and artificial infection. The present study, for the first time, determines the P. plecoglossicida metabolomic responses to temperature variation, which is helpful to explore its pathogenic mechanism and provides reference for disease control.
Long‐term outcome and recurrence factors after percutaneous cholecystostomy as a definitive treatment for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Park Jae Keun , Yang Ju‐Il , Wi Jin Woo , Park Joo Kyung , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Lee Kyu Taek , Lee Jong Kyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPercutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has been frequently used as an alternative treatment for acute cholecystitis in seriously ill patients unfit for surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the recurrence rate and risk factors of recurrence.MethodsMedical records of 102 patients who were followed up for more than 1 year after PC tube removal among 716 patients who underwent PC for acute cholecystitis treatment were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe recurrence rate of acute cholecystitis after PC tube removal was 20.6% (21/102), and the mean time to recur was 660 days. Underlying cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 3.369; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006–11.282; P = 0.0489), PC duration shorter than 44 days (OR: 5.596; 95% CI: 1.35–23.201; P = 0.0176), and the presence of common bile duct stone in initial imaging studies (OR: 24.393; 95% CI: 2.696–220.746; P = 0.0045) were positively correlated with recurrence. Tubogram before PC tube removal did not significantly lower the recurrence. However, PC tube clamping for several days significantly lowered the recurrence (OR: 0.108; 95% CI: 0.015–0.794; P = 0.0288). Fifty‐nine (57.8%) had acalculous cholecystitis. Calculous cholecystitis was negatively correlated with recurrence (OR: 0.267; 95% CI: 0.074–0.967; P = 0.0444). Receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model for recurrence verified its accuracy (area under the curve: 0.8475).ConclusionWe should try to keep PC more than 6 weeks and clamp for 1–2 weeks before removal. For those with the presence of common bile duct stones, calculous cholecystitis, and underlying malignancy, we should keep PC for longer duration and carefully observe symptoms and signs of recurrence.
The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Berger Miles , Oyeyemi Deborah , Olurinde Mobolaji O. , Whitson Heather E. , Weinhold Kent J. , Woldorff Marty G. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Moretti Eugene , Giattino Charles M. , Roberts Kenneth C. , Zhou Junhong , Bunning Thomas , Ferrandino Michael , Scheri Randall P. , Cooter Mary , Chan Cliburn , Cabeza Roberto , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Murdoch David M. , Devinney Michael J. , Shaw Leslie M. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Mathew Joseph P. ,   the INTUIT Investigators
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESEvery year, up to 40% of the more than 16 million older Americans who undergo anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct syndromes is associated with decreased quality of life, increased mortality, and a possible increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. One pathologic process hypothesized to underlie both delirium and POCD is neuroinflammation. The INTUIT study described here will determine the extent to which postoperative increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) levels and monocyte numbers are associated with delirium and/or POCD and their underlying brain connectivity changes.DESIGNObservational prospective cohort.SETTINGDuke University Medical Center, Duke Regional Hospital, and Duke Raleigh Hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients 60 years of age or older (N = 200) undergoing noncardiac/nonneurologic surgery.MEASUREMENTSParticipants will undergo cognitive testing before, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. Delirium screening will be performed on postoperative days 1 to 5. Blood and CSF samples are obtained before surgery, and 24 hours, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. CSF MCP‐1 levels are measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and CSF monocytes are assessed by flow cytometry. Half the patients will also undergo pre‐ and postoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. 32‐channel intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings will be performed to identify intraoperative EEG correlates of neuroinflammation and/or postoperative cognitive resilience. Eighty patients will also undergo home sleep apnea testing to determine the relationships between sleep apnea severity, neuroinflammation, and impaired postoperative cognition. Additional assessments will help evaluate relationships between delirium, POCD, and other geriatric syndromes.CONCLUSIONINTUIT will use a transdisciplinary approach to study the role of neuroinflammation in postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction and their associated functional brain connectivity changes, and it may identify novel targets for treating and/or preventing delirium and POCD and their sequelae. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:794–798, 2019.
The power of affect: A three‐wave panel study on reciprocal relationships between work events and affect at work
Authors: Casper Anne , Tremmel Stephanie , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: January 2019

In this study, we investigate lagged reciprocal relationships between positive and negative interpersonal and task‐related work events and employees’ positive and negative affect at work. We conducted a three‐wave panel study with time lags of 3 months and collected data from 1,039 young employees (at Time 1). Path modelling showed that positive affect at work predicted an increase in positive interpersonal and task‐related work events, and negative affect at work predicted an increase in negative interpersonal and task‐related work events. Work events did not consistently predict increases in affect at work. Our results suggest that employees’ affect is not only a consequence of work events but may also shape the work events that employees experience over time.Practitioner points

Employees’ affect predicts an increase in positive and negative work events over time.

Positive affect is associated with an increase in positive events whereas negative affect is associated with an increase in negative events.

Organizations should be aware of the important role employees’ affect may play for the work events they experience.

Organizations should foster employees’ positive affect and help employees downregulate negative affect.
Mortality and hospital readmissions in the first year of life after intra‐uterine and neonatal blood product transfusions: A population data linkage study
Authors: Randall Deborah A , Bowen Jennifer R , Patterson Jillian A , Irving David O , Hirani Rena , Ford Jane B 
Published: January 2019

AimBlood product transfusions are a potentially life‐saving therapy for fetal and neonatal anaemia, but there is limited population‐based research on outcomes. We aimed to describe mortality, readmission and average hospital stay in the first year of life for infants with or without intra‐uterine or neonatal blood product transfusions.MethodsLinked birth, hospital and deaths data from New South Wales, Australia (January 2002–June 2014) were used to identify singleton infants (≥23 weeks' gestation, surviving to 29 days; n = 1 089 750) with intra‐uterine or neonatal transfusion or no transfusion. Rates of mortality and readmission in the first year (29–365 days) and days in hospital were calculated.ResultsOverall, 68 (0.06/1000) infants had experienced intra‐uterine transfusion and 4332 (3.98/1000) neonatal transfusion. Transfusion was more common among those born at earlier gestational ages requiring invasive ventilation. Mortality, readmissions and average days in hospital were higher among transfused than non‐transfused infants. Over half of infants with intra‐uterine and neonatal transfusion had ≥1 readmission in the first 29–365 days (55.9 and 51.8%, respectively), and around a quarter had ≥2 (20.6 and 28.5%, respectively) compared with 15.3% with ≥1 and 3.5% with ≥2 in the non‐transfused group.ConclusionInfants with a history of blood product transfusion, particularly those needing a neonatal transfusion, had higher mortality and more frequent contact with the hospital system in the first year of life than those infants with no history of transfusion.
Semi‐synthetic diet versus diet using natural ingredients—Comparative study in female Golden Syrian hamsters
Authors: Mohammed Shujauddin , Hemalatha Rajkumar , Qadri Syed Shah Yousuf Hussain , Annapurna Vure Venkata 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSemi‐synthetic diets (SSD) are recommended and are widely used to carry out experiments in rodents. However, in our experiments planned to carry out generation studies in female Golden Syrian hamsters using semi‐synthetic diets, it was observed that the hamsters did not conceive as a result of decreased food intake. In this paper, we present the effects of both semi‐synthetic diets and natural source diets (NSD) on food intake, body weight and reproductive performance of this species. Four‐week‐old female hamsters were equally divided into 3 groups and initially acclimatized for 2 weeks on natural chow diet (NCD). Thereafter, they were fed either control diet, high fat diet (HFD) or low protein diet (LPD) based on semi‐synthetic/natural source ingredients until 12 weeks. Daily food intake and weekly body weights were monitored. Hamsters were kept for mating for about 2 weeks from 10th week onwards, during which the pregnancy confirmation test was done using standard vaginal smear examination. In all the groups fed SSD, the food intake was very poor, hamsters lost body weight and did not conceive, thus preventing us from carrying out further experiments. Hamsters fed NCD/NSD ingested more than twice as much as hamsters fed SSD (7–8 g/day/hamster against 3 g/day/hamster on average respectively). Based on the results of the current research, we conclude that the routinely used semi‐synthetic diet is not suitable for carrying out studies in female hamsters. We suggest that scientists must also consider the unusual biological characteristics of a given species besides other biological factors. It is therefore critical to select appropriate biological models and diets that provide optimal sensitivity and specificity to accomplish the research objectives.
Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early‐weaned piglets
Authors: Wang Lixia , Zhu Fan , Yang Huansheng , Li Jianzhong , Li Yali , Ding Xueqin , Xiong Xia , Yin Yulong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk‐borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty‐two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post‐weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up‐regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.
Maternal HMB treatment affects bone and hyaline cartilage development in their weaned piglets via the leptin/osteoprotegerin system
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Muszyński Siemowit , Dobrowolski Piotr , Wiącek Dariusz , Tomczyk‐Warunek Agnieszka , Świetlicka Izabela , Pierzynowski Stefan G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been demonstrated in animal studies that prenatal administration of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB, metabolite of leucine) influences general growth and mechanical endurance of long bones in newborn offspring in sex‐dependent manner. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of HMB treatment of pregnant sows on bone development in offspring at weaning. From 70th day until the 90th day of gestation, sows received either a basal diet (n = 12) or the same diet supplemented with HMB (n = 12) at the dose of 0.2 g/kg of body weight/day. Femora obtained from six males and females in each group weaned at the age of 35 days were examined. Maternal HMB treatment significantly enhanced body weight and changed bone morphology increasing femur mechanical strength in both sexes. Maternal HMB supplementation also elevated bone micro‐ and macroelement concentrations and enhanced content of proteoglycans in articular cartilage. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that maternal HMB supplementation in the mid‐gestation period significantly accelerated bone development in both sexes by upregulation of a multifactorial system including leptin and osteoprotegerin. However, the sex (irrespective of the HMB treatment) was the factor which influenced the collagen structure in cartilages and trabecular bone, as demonstrated both by the Picrosirius red staining and performed analysis of thermal stability of collagenous tissues. The structural differences in collagen between males and females were presumably related to a different collagen maturity. No studies conducted so far provided a detailed morphological analysis of bone, articular cartilage, growth plate and the activities of the somatotropic and pituitary–gonadal axes, as well as leptin/osteoprotegerin system in weaned offspring prenatally treated with HMB. This study showed also the relationship between the maternal HMB treatment and bone osteometric and mechanical traits, hormones, and growth and bone turnover markers such as leptin, osteoprotegerin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1.