bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialist hospital treatment and care as reported by children with intellectual disabilities and a cleft lip and/or palate, their parents and healthcare professionals
Authors: Bates Amanda , Forrester‐Jones Rachel , McCarthy Michelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch into hospital treatment and care of children with intellectual disabilities is extremely limited, but available literature points to difficulties. Some children have a co‐occurring condition alongside an intellectual disability which requires ongoing treatment, such as a cleft lip/palate. To date, their experiences remain untapped.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with 23 participants; five children with intellectual disabilities (aged 11–16), their parents (n = 9) and nine healthcare professionals working in cleft care. Thematic analysis determined patterns across the data.ResultsThree key themes were found: struggles (stress and distress, and power imbalance), tensions (perceived levels of choice and control in decision making, lack of training around intellectual disability assumptions and jargon) and good practice (appropriate communication and information, and tailored treatment).ConclusionGood practice was evident, but was ad hoc. Individualized treatment and communication based upon children's needs are required as is further investigation into general anaesthetic induction for children with intellectual disabilities.
Absolute risk of acute coronary syndrome after severe hypoglycemia: A population‐based 2‐year cohort study using the National Database in Japan
Authors: Nishioka Yuichi , Okada Sadanori , Noda Tatsuya , Myojin Tomoya , Kubo Shinichiro , Ohtera Shosuke , Kato Genta , Kuroda Tomohiro , Ishii Hitoshi , Imamura Tomoaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionAlthough the epidemiological relationship between hypoglycemia and increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been well established, the time period for increased risk of ACS after a severe hypoglycemic episode remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine the ACS risk after a severe hypoglycemic episode.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective population‐based cohort study based on national claims data in Japan. We retrieved data of diabetes patients aged ≥35 years collected from April 2014 to March 2016. The absolute risk of ACS was defined as the occurrence of an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention after a severe hypoglycemic episode.ResultsIn total, data of 7,909,626 patients were included in the analysis. The absolute risk of ACS was 2.9 out of 1,000 person‐years in all patients. ACS risk in patients with severe hypoglycemic episodes was 3.0 out of 1,000 person‐years. Severe hypoglycemic episodes increased the absolute risk of ACS in patients aged ≥70 years, but not in patients aged <70 years. The absolute risk of ACS was 10.6 out of 1,000 person‐years within 10 days of a severe hypoglycemic episode. There was a significant trend between shorter duration after an episode and higher ACS risk.ConclusionsSevere hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of ACS in elderly diabetes patients. ACS risk increased with a shorter period after a severe hypoglycemic episode, suggesting that severe hypoglycemia leads to an increased risk of ACS in diabetes patients. These findings show that it is important to avoid severe hypoglycemia while treating diabetes, particularly in elderly patients.
Inventory and abundance of mealybug species in immature and mature cocoa farms in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: N'Guessan Pierre Walet , Yapi Ahoua , N'Guessan François Kouamé , Kouamé Norbert N'Dri , Gouamené Christiane Nathalie , Aka Romain Aka , Coulibaly Klotioloma , Tahi Mathias Gnion , Koné Boaké , Kassin Emmanuel Koffi , Assi Evelyne Marise , Guiraud Brigitte Honorine Sahin Boguinard , Kotaix Alain Acka Jacques 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFrom 2013 to 2018, surveys were conducted in counties not previously surveyed in order to determine species of mealybugs present in the cocoa orchard in Côte d'Ivoire as well as their abundance according to the age of cocoa trees. Immature and mature cocoa trees were inspected to hand‐height in 5 and 29 counties infected with Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV). In each cocoa farm, mealybugs were searched for on fruits, leaves, flowers, twigs and trunks. Mealybug species were identified, and colonies were counted. Five mealybug species were identified on immature cocoa trees: Ferrisia virgata, Formicococcus njalensis, Planococcus citri, Planococcus kenyae and Pseudococcus longispinus. In addition to these species, four species, Dysmicoccus brevipes, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Phenacoccus hargreavesi and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi were identified on mature cocoa trees. On immature cocoa trees, Fo. Njalensis, Pl. citri and Ps. longispinus comprised were, respectively, 35%, 33% and 19% of colonies, respectively. On mature cocoa trees, Fo. Njalensis and Pl. citri comprised 63.2% and 21.0%, and others species 15.8%. Nevertheless, the abundance of mealybug species varied according to the age of cocoa trees. The preferred organs of mealybugs were pods (74.1%) followed by twigs (13.4%) and flowers (7.4%). Previously, the mealybug Paracoccus burnerae (Brain) was found on Theobroma cacao, which is the first record for this species in Côte d'Ivoire and on this host‐plant.
Blood and liver biopsy for the non‐destructive screening of tilapia lake virus
Authors: Chiamkunakorn Chutipong , Machimbirike Vimbai Irene , Senapin Saengchan , Khunrae Pongsak , Dong Ha Thanh , Rattanarojpong Triwit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDetection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in tilapines is mainly from visceral organs of killed fish. However, lethal sampling might not be viable to broodstock and economically important ornamental cichlids. To contribute towards screening of the virus in asymptomatic infected fish, a subclinically infected population of Nile tilapia adults obtained from a local farm was preliminarily tested to compare different non‐lethal sampling methods, for example liver biopsy, gill biopsy, fin clip, mucus, faeces and blood for detection of TiLV. Only liver and blood samples gave positive results by PCR. Since blood sampling is relatively simpler, it was further used for five naturally co‐cultured juvenile fish species from above‐mentioned farm including 40 red tilapia broodstock and 20 Nile tilapia adults from two other different farms. The results showed that from the tested fish, 4 of 5 Nile tilapia, 2 of 5 hybrid red tilapia and 3 of 5 giant gourami blood samples tested positive, while 38 of 40 blood samples of red tilapia tested positive for TiLV in second‐step PCR. Sequencing representative PCR amplicons of positive samples confirmed sequence identity to TiLV. In conclusion, both blood and liver biopsy are practical non‐destructive sampling platforms for TiLV screening in cichlids with blood being more convenient, especially for tilapia broodstock.
Objective Sleep Duration in Older Adults: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Scarlett Siobhán , Nolan Hugh , Kenny Rose Anne , O'Connell Matthew DL 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVEThis study assessed the distribution and correlates of objective sleep duration in the older population in Ireland.DESIGNCross‐sectional study using population‐derived data from wave 3 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.SETTINGCommunity‐dwelling adults.PARTICIPANTSAdults, aged 50 years and older, who wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days (N = 1533).MEASUREMENTSSleep was measured for at least 4 days in 1533 participants using a GENEActiv wrist‐worn accelerometer device. Sleep parameters included total sleep time (TST) and self‐reported sleep problems. TST was categorized as short and long sleep duration using US National Sleep Foundation guidelines. Linear and multinomial logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic, health, and behavioral correlates of sleep duration.RESULTSMean TST for the sample was 463 minutes (SD = 72.6 minutes). Of participants, 13.9% and 16.5% measured short and long sleep duration, respectively. TST decreased as sleep problems increased, as did durations recorded in summer compared to winter recordings. Advancing age was associated with longer sleep, as was antidepressant use. Retired/unemployed participants recorded longer TST and were more likely to record long sleep compared to employed participants. Fair/poor self‐rated health and separated/divorced participants were more likely to record short sleep. Those reporting moderate or high physical activity were less likely to record short or long sleep, respectively, compared to those reporting low physical activity. Participants reporting a limiting disability were less likely to record long sleep.CONCLUSIONAverage TST was within recommended guidelines; however, a significant subset of older adults recorded sleep duration outside of the guidelines. Independent demographic and health correlates of suboptimal sleep were identified, many of which are modifiable. Patients and clinicians should be aware of factors potentially influencing sleep patterns. Longitudinal analyses to confirm directionality of relationships with potential risk factors are warranted. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:120–128, 2019
The effect of eplerenone on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of rats with thyroid dysfunction
Authors: Dizaye Kawa , Mustafa Zana A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eplerenone on the RAAS and kidney function in rats with thyroid hormone disorders.

Methods
This study involved 30 male Wistar albino rats, divided into three groups. The first group (N = 6) served as a control. The second group involved 12 rats with experimentally induced hypothyroidism through receiving propylthiouracil (0.05% w/v) in drinking water for one month, which was divided into two subgroups of six rats each. The first subgroup served as a positive hypothyroid control, and the second subgroup received oral daily dose of eplerenone (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. The third group included 12 rats with induced hyperthyroidism with L-thyroxin (0.0012% w/v) in drinking water, and rats in this group were also divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup served as a positive hyperthyroid control, and the second subgroup received oral eplerenone 100 mg/kg.

Results
Eplerenone indicated a significant increase in renin and angiotensin I from 184.09 pg/ml and 178.66 pg/ml to 603.31 pg/ml and 250.88 pg/ml, respectively, meanwhile, aldosterone indicated no significant changes after inducing hypothyroidism and eplerenone administration.
The induction of hyperthyroidism led to a significant increase in angiotensin I from 248.84 pg/ml to 292.22 pg/ml. Oral administration of eplerenone for 14 days caused a significant increase aldosterone from 364.23 pg/ml to 497.02 pg/ml.

Conclusion
Eplerenone significantly increased the serum renin and angiotensin I in hypothyroid and aldosterone and angiotensin I in hyperthyroid rats. Aldosterone in hypothyroid rats was not changed by eplerenone.
Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi‐center randomized parallel group clinical study
Authors: Charalambous Marios , Volk Holger A. , Tipold Andrea , Erath Johannes , Huenerfauth Enrice , Gallucci Antonella , Gandini Gualtiero , Hasegawa Daisuke , Pancotto Theresa , Rossmeisl John H. , Platt Simon , De Risio Luisa , Coates Joan R. , Musteata Mihai , Tirrito Federica , Cozzi Francesca , Porcarelli Laura , Corlazzoli Daniele , Cappello Rodolfo , Vanhaesebrouck An , Broeckx Bart J.G. , Van Ham Luc , Bhatti Sofie F.M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe intranasal (IN) route for rapid drug administration in patients with brain disorders, including status epilepticus, has been investigated. Status epilepticus is an emergency, and the IN route offers a valuable alternative to other routes, especially when these fail.ObjectivesTo compare IN versus IV midazolam (MDZ) at the same dosage (0.2 mg/kg) for controlling status epilepticus in dogs.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 44) with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsy, or epilepsy of unknown origin manifesting as status epilepticus.MethodsRandomized parallel group clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to the IN‐MDZ (n = 21) or IV‐MDZ (n = 23) group. Number of successfully treated cases (defined as seizure cessation within 5 minutes and lasting for ≥10 minutes), seizure cessation time, and adverse effects were recorded. Comparisons were performed using the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with statistical significance set atα < .05.ResultsIN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ successfully stopped status epilepticus in 76% and 61% of cases, respectively (P= .34). The median seizure cessation time was 33 and 64 seconds for IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively (P= .63). When the time to place an IV catheter was taken into account, IN‐MDZ (100 seconds) was superior (P= .04) to IV‐MDZ (270 seconds). Sedation and ataxia were seen in 88% and 79% of the dogs treated with IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBoth routes are quick, safe, and effective for controlling status epilepticus. However, the IN route demonstrated superiority when the time needed to place an IV catheter was taken into account.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of meloxicam after single IV and PO administration in Bilgorajska geese
Authors: Sartini Irene , Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska Beata , Lisowski Andrzej , Poapolathep Amnart , Owen Helen , Giorgi Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was two‐fold: I) to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam (MLX) in geese after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration and II) to assess tissue residues in muscle, heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Ten clinically normal female Bilgorajska geese were divided into two groups (treated, n = 8; control, n = 2). Group 1 underwent a 3‐phase parallel study with a 1‐week washout period. In phase I, animals received MLX (0.5 mg/kg) by IV administration; the blood was collected up to 48 hr. In phases II and III geese were treated orally at the same dosage for the collection of blood and tissue samples, respectively. Group 2 served as control. After the extraction procedure, a validated HPLC method with UV detection was used for plasma and organ analysis. The plasma concentrations were quantifiable up to 24 hr after both the administrations. The elimination phase of MLX from plasma was similar in both the administration groups. The clearance was slow (0.00975 L/hr*Kg), the volume of distribution small (0.0487 L/kg), and the IV half‐life was 5.06 ± 2.32 hr. The average absolute PO bioavailability was 64.2 ± 24.0%. Residues of MLX were lower than the LOQ (0.1 µg/kg) in any tested tissue and at any collection time. The dosage used in this study achieved the plasma concentration, which provides analgesia in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots for 5 out of 24 hr after PO administration. MLX tissue concentrations were below the LOD of the assay in tissue (0.03 µg/ml). A more sensitive technique might be necessary to determine likely residue concentrations in tissue.
Can temptation explain housing choices over the life cycle?
Authors: Angelini Viola , Bucciol Alessandro , Wakefield Matthew , Weber Guglielmo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use individual life history data from 12 European countries, and duration analysis that controls for unobserved heterogeneity, to investigate whether observed patterns of investment in illiquid assets and housing are consistent with predictions based on “temptation preferences”. A motivating model takes into account the standard motives for saving, but also recognises that illiquid financial assets and housing may be used by individuals who find it hard to control the temptation linked to abundant cash on hand. Even controlling for many possible motives for purchasing housing, and for unobserved heterogeneity, a large fraction of individuals become significantly more likely to buy housing after investing in illiquid assets; this finding is consistent with the predictions of the model.
Structural and biochemical characterization of iminodiacetate oxidase from Chelativorans sp. BNC1
Authors: Kang ChulHee , Jun Se‐Young , Bravo Abigail G. , Vargas Erick M. , Liu Honglei , Lewis Kevin M. , Xun Luying 
Published: October 2019

SummaryEthylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is the most abundant organic pollutant in surface water because of its extensive usage and the recalcitrance of stable metal‐EDTA complexes. A few bacteria including Chelativorans sp. BNC1 can degrade EDTA with a monooxygenase to ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA) and then use iminodiacetate oxidase (IdaA) to further degrade EDDA into ethylenediamine in a two‐step oxidation. To alleviate EDTA pollution into the environment, deciphering the mechanisms of the metabolizing enzymes is an imperative prerequisite for informed EDTA bioremediation. Although IdaA cannot oxidize glycine, the crystal structure of IdaA shows its tertiary and quaternary structures similar to those of glycine oxidases. All confirmed substrates, EDDA, ethylenediaminemonoacetate, iminodiacetate and sarcosine are secondary amines with at least one N‐acetyl group. Each substrate was bound at the re‐side face of the isoalloxazine ring in a solvent‐connected cavity. The carboxyl group of the substrate was bound by Arg265 and Arg307. The catalytic residue, Tyr250, is under the hydrogen bond network to facilitate its deprotonation acting as a general base, removing an acetate group of secondary amines as glyoxylate. Thus, IdaA is a secondary amine oxidase, and our findings improve understanding of molecular mechanism involved in the bioremediation of EDTA and the metabolism of secondary amines.
Second Rhagophthalmid Luciferase Cloned from Chinese Glow‐worm Menghuoius giganteus (Rhagophthalmidae: Elateroidea)
Authors: Liu Gui‐Chun , Dong Zhi‐Wei , Hou Qing‐Bai , He Jin‐Wu , Zhao Ruo‐Ping , Wang Wen , Li Xue‐Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe pH‐insensitive beetle luciferases cloned from Rhagophthalmidae, Phengodidae, and Elateridae exhibit great potential application as reporter assays for monitoring gene expression. At present, however, only one luciferase has been reported from the enigmatic and predominantly Asian distributed luminous family Rhagophthalmidae. Here, we cloned the second rhagophthalmid luciferase from the Chinese glow‐worm Menghuoius giganteus (Rhagophthalmidae: Elateroidea) by combining reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE). The luciferase consisted of 546 amino acids and showed high identity to that of Rhagophthalmus ohbai (90.4%). The recombinant M. giganteus luciferase was produced in vitro and exhibited significant bioluminescent activity under neutral conditions (pH 7.8), with low KM for D‐luciferin (2.2 μm) and ATP (53 μm). Activity was highest at 10°C and inactivation occurred at 45°C. This luciferase showed pH‐insensitivity and maximum emission spectrum at 560 nm. Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acids indicated a close relationship between the M. giganteus luciferase and that of R. ohbai. These results increase our understanding of rhagophthalmid luciferases and provide a new resource for the application of luciferases.
Does foreign direct investment expand the capability set in the host economy? A sectoral analysis
Authors: Kannen Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost empirical studies examining the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic development use aggregate monetary‐based measures such as GDP or TFP growth as indicators for development. We deviate from this approach and use instead the recently developed economic complexity index; this measure summarises the complexity of the productive structure of an economy, and its values can be interpreted as the number of capabilities present in a country. These capabilities are units of productive knowledge necessary for the production of goods, and goods differ in the number of necessary capabilities. Furthermore, we use sectoral FDI data to take differences between sectors of an economy into account, since the number of necessary capabilities also varies between the sectors. In our empirical analysis, covering 63 developing and developed countries over the period 2005–14, we find that FDI in the tertiary sector has a statistically significant and robust positive effect on the number of capabilities, whereas FDI in the primary and secondary sectors generally does not increase the capability set of an economy.
Natural Convection From a Vertical Plate Embedded in a Non-Darcy Bidisperse Porous Medium
Authors: Pătrulescu F. O. , Groşan T. , Pop I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the steady, free convection boundary layer flow about a vertical, isothermal plate embedded in a non-Darcy bidisperse porous medium (BDPM). An appropriate mathematical model is proposed. The boundary layer analysis leads to a system of partial differential equations containing inertial, interphase momentum, thermal diffusivity ratio, thermal conductivity ratio, permeability ratio, modified thermal capacity, and convection parameters. These equations that govern the flow and heat transfer in the f-phase and the p-phase are solved numerically using an algorithm based on the bvp4c routine from matlab. The dependences of the dimensionless velocities and temperatures profiles, as well as of the Nusselt numbers on the governing parameters are investigated. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed and discussed in details.
Nonhomogeneous Model for the Mixed Convection and Entropy Generation of a Nanofluid in a Lid-Driven Inclined Enclosure With Discrete Heat Source
Authors: Dutta S. , Bhattacharyya S. , Pop I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A numerical study on the mixed convection of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a lid-driven inclined square enclosure partially heated from below is performed based on Buongiorno's two phase model. The velocity of the nanoparticles relative to the base fluid is considered due to thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluid are assumed to be dependent on temperature as well as the nanoparticle volume fraction. A control volume method over a staggered grid arrangement is used to discretize the governing equations. The discretized equations of two-dimensional continuity, momentum, energy, and volume fraction are solved through a pressure-correction-based semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. The effects of relevant parameters such as nanoparticle diameter (25 nm ≤ dp ≤ 90 nm), Richardson number (0.1≤Ri≤5), nanoparticle bulk volume fraction (0 ≤φb≤ 0.05) on the mixed convection of the nanofluid is studied by considering the inclination angle of the enclosure to vary between 0 deg and 60 deg. The entropy generation as well as the Bejan number is evaluated to illustrate the thermodynamic optimization of the mixed convection. Both the heat transfer and entropy generation are higher in the nanofluid compared to the clear fluid and the rate of increment in entropy generation remains lower than the rate by which the heat transfer is augmented in the nanofluid. We find that due to the presence of the Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis in the nonhomogeneous model, a higher heat transfer is yielded as compared to the homogeneous model. The discrepancy between the homogeneous and nonhomogeneous models is significant when the mixed convection is dominated by the shear force. When the mixed convection is dominated by the thermal buoyancy, an increase in positive inclination angle of the enclosure creates a significant increment in the heat transfer.