bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Algorithmic Predictions Use Human-Generated Data: A Bias-Aware Classification Algorithm for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ahsen Mehmet Eren , Ayvaci Mehmet Ulvi Saygi , Raghunathan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2018

When algorithms use data generated by human beings, they inherit the errors stemming from human biases, which likely diminishes their performance. We examine the design and value of a bias-aware linear classification algorithm that accounts for bias in input data, using breast cancer diagnosis as our specific setting. In this context, a referring physician makes a follow-up recommendation to a patient based on two inputs: the patient’s clinical-risk information and the radiologist’s mammogram assessment. Critically, the radiologist’s assessment could be biased by the clinical-risk information, which in turn can negatively affect the referring physician’s performance. Thus, a bias-aware algorithm has the potential to be of significant value if integrated into a clinical decision support system used by the referring physician. We develop and show that a bias-aware algorithm can eliminate the adverse impact of bias if the error in the mammogram assessment due to radiologist’s bias has no variance. On the other hand, in the presence of error variance, the adverse impact of bias can be mitigated, but not eliminated, by the bias-aware algorithm. The bias-aware algorithm assigns less (more) weight to the clinical-risk information (radiologist’s mammogram assessment) when the mean error increases (decreases), but the reverse happens when the error variance increases. Using point estimates obtained from mammography practice and the medical literature, we show that the bias-aware algorithm can significantly improve the expected patient life years or the accuracy of decisions based on mammography.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0789 .
Manukau Symphony Orchestra: Reflections on a sustainable model for a community orchestra in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Grodd Uwe , Lines David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Manukau Symphony Orchestra has continued to thrive for 25 years as a community orchestra based in the multiethnic region of South Auckland in New Zealand. Its continued success is partly attributed to its ability to maintain a negotiated ‘middle ground’ and dialogue within the community and also the way it has valued both musical and human aspects in its daily life. This study, written collaboratively by the researcher and music director and conductor, reports on recent ethnographic case study research conducted with the orchestra, its leaders and its administrators, and seeks to uncover key themes and actions that have enabled the orchestra’s ongoing sustainability. The case study found that an active and thriving space for dialogue with the community has continued over the years and this has sustained positive relationships with cultural groups, changing financial and policy strategies, a sense of ownership in the orchestra, a built-in mentoring structure, a community of care and a contemporary philosophy of community music making within a semi-professional orchestral context.
On voice in Haunted Memory
Authors: Gills Libertad 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article will analyse the use of voice in this video essay and how the authors’ voice, spoken by Martin, engages with the images and sounds of Erice’s films, most importantly, with Erice’s voice. How do the voice of the video essayist and the voice of the director differ? And what do these voices teach us about the possibilities of speaking with, over and about images?
A poetic approach to the cinema of Erice
Authors: Bonaddio Federico 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Haunted Memory evokes those themes across Erice’s cinema that are of universal significance: memory, childhood, the nature of cinema itself. Mostly absent, however, is the specifically Spanish context, something that attests to this audio-visual essay’s engagement with the predominantly poetic, rather than explicative, approach of Erice’s work.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on Dividend Policy and Shareholder Value: A Financialisation Perspective on Construction Companies in Poland
Authors: Oleksy Paweł , Zyguła Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the paper, we examine the impact of ownership structure on dividend policy and shareholder value in non-financial companies from construction sector in Poland. More specifically, by distinguishing between financial and non-financial shareholders, we verify the involvement of financial institutions in company ownership and how it translates into changes in major dividend and shareholder value indicators. Our results show that the presence of financial investors in the ownership structure has a positive impact on probability that the company will pay out dividends, what is symptomatic for financialisation. However, there is not enough evidence to support similar conclusion regarding shareholder value creation.
Uncovering new physiology in bilateral renal agenesis following amnioinfusion
Authors: Riddle Stefanie L. , Polzin William , Kingma Paul 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Bilateral renal agenesis has uniformly been a lethal diagnosis in the perinatal or neonatal period. With the advent of more advanced renal replacement therapy as a bridge to renal transplantation, amnioinfusion has been explored at our center as a way to prevent lethal pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to oligohydramnios.

Case presentation
We describe two cases of bilateral renal agenesis with serial amnioinfusion during pregnancy. The families opted for full neonatal intervention and post-natal renal support. While lethal pulmonary hypoplasia was avoided, early and refractory hypotension limited the ability to perform dialysis in these neonates.

Conclusions
Our limited experience shows that barriers to care such as lethal respiratory failure and technical limitations of early dialysis are not the only barriers prohibiting care for this population.
EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL
Authors: Bhutta Rauf , Rahber Bhatti M.H. , Iftikhar Ahmad 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.
Predicting orbit and clock corrections during their outage in real-time positioning using GPS, GLONASS and QZSS for natural hazard warning systems
Authors: El-Mowafy Ahmed 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT PPP) is a primary positioning method used in natural hazard warning systems (NHWS) such as monitoring tsunami and earthquakes. The method relays on precise orbit and clock corrections to eliminate satellite-related errors and its performance can be significantly improved by using measurements from multi-GNSS constellations compared with using only one system, such as GPS. The Japanese Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration tool for Orbit and Clock Analysis (MADOCA) provides these corrections for GPS, GLONASS and QZSS satellites enabling a multi-GNSS RT-PPP. However, the accuracy of RT PPP will suffer a major decline in case of presence of an outage in receiving these corrections, for instance due to a temporary failure of the user modem. For that reason, a method is proposed to maintain RT PPP when such a break takes place. For short outages less than 30 minutes we predict MADOCA orbits using a Holt-Winters’ auto-regressive model, and for longer outages up to 1 hr, the most recent International GNSS Service (IGS) ultra-rapid orbits can be used, but only for GPS. In addition, the clock corrections are predicted as a time series using a linear model with sinusoidal terms. The best regression period to estimate the required model parameters is discussed based on analysis of the autocorrelation of the corrections. The prediction model parameters are estimated using a sliding time window. Evaluation of the proposed method showed that positioning accuracy of 15 cm was maintained during the prediction period, which is twice better than using IGS ultra-rapid predicted products. For NHSW, the displacement errors due to prediction errors were generally within ±6 cm with one min interval and ±10 cm with five min interval.
Impact of the new guidelines on the management of premature rupture of membranes for the prevention of late preterm birth: an 11-year retrospective study
Authors: Bouchet Noémie , Joal Arnaud , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Areta Marina Lumbreras , Martinez de Tejada Begoña 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the number of late preterm (LPT) births (between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks) that could have been prevented if expectant management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) had been applied according to new recommendations.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study included all births at one Swiss center between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. Births were categorized using an adapted evidence-based classification. Two scenarios were considered: best scenario (maximum averted cases) and a conservative scenario (minimum averted cases).

Results
Among 2017 LPT births (5.0% of all deliveries; n=40,609), 1122 (60.6%) women had PPROM. Spontaneous labor occurred in 473 (42.2%) cases and 649 (57.8%) had induction of labor or an elective cesarean section. In the latter group, 44 (6.8%) had evidence-based indications for LPT delivery and 605 (83.2%) had non-evidence-based indications. Depending on the scenario, the rate of avoided LPT cases would have varied between 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–5.2) if the conservative scenario was applied, and 30% (95% CI: 28.0–32.0) for the best scenario.

Conclusion
Adoption of new guidelines for the management of PPROM will prevent a considerable number of LPT births and help decrease the adverse effects and potential disability associated with late preterm infants.
A Bayesian method for computing intrinsic pitch values using kernel density and nonparametric regression estimates
Authors: Healey Glenn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe deployment of sensors that characterize the trajectory of pitches and batted balls in three dimensions provides the opportunity to assign an intrinsic value to a pitch that depends on its physical properties and not on its observed outcome. We exploit this opportunity by using a Bayesian framework to learn a set of mappings from five-dimensional velocity, movement, and location vectors to intrinsic pitch values. A kernel method generates nonparametric estimates for the component probability density functions in Bayes theorem while nonparametric regression is used to derive a batted ball weight function that is invariant to the defense, ballpark, and atmospheric conditions. Cross-validation is used to determine the parameters of the model. We use Cronbach’s alpha to show that intrinsic pitch values have a significantly higher reliability than outcome-based pitch values. We also develop a method to combine intrinsic values at the individual pitch level into a statistic that captures the value of a pitcher’s collection of pitches over a period of time. We use this statistic to show that pitchers who outperform their intrinsic values during a season tend to perform worse the following year. We also show that this statistic provides better predictive value for future Earned Run Average (ERA) than either current ERA or Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP).
First telemetry data on wild individuals from the threatened, isolated Italian otter (Lutra lutra) population
Authors: Quaglietta Lorenzo , Fusillo Romina , Marcelli Manlio , Loy Anna , Boitani Luigi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is among the most endangered mammals in Italy, its population being isolated and genetically distinct from other European populations. Yet, its ecology and behavior are largely unknown in Italy, preventing its much-needed effective conservation. We radio-tracked one male and one female otter daily in Southern Italy, for 1 year and 8 months, respectively. The male and female used nearly 30 and 20 km of river, respectively. The extension of the ranges varied among seasons. The male was more conservative in its spatial utilization, being mostly located around a trout farm. These first direct data on space use by wild Italian otters provided preliminary information potentially useful for a sound management of this endangered population.
Assessing the impact of fertilizer subsidy on farming efficiency: A case of Bangladeshi farmers
Authors: Nasrin Mahmuda , Bauer Siegfried , Arman Md 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The study has been conducted to assess the micro level impact of fertilizer subsidy on farming efficiency given the heterogeneous farm structures and universal subsidy policy in Bangladesh. The research utilizes primary data, which were collected through personal interview of 300 farm households located in three districts from northern part of Bangladesh. Multistage purposive sampling was followed for selecting the sampling units based on concentration of rice farming. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) reveals that the farms are inefficient in combining inputs in a cost minimizing way, although they are technically more efficient. Results from Tobit models for different farm size groups prove that fertilizer subsidy has significant impact on improving farming efficiencies for marginal and small farms in study areas while leaving insignificant impact for medium and large farms. Further increases in fertilizer subsidy will bring significant productivity increases for these smallholder farmers. Therefore, policy interventions should favor these farms for acceleration of agricultural growth.
Internal and External Loads in Training Week Before the Competition in U19 High-Level Soccer Players
Authors: Martín-López Álvaro , Mendes Rui Sousa , Castillo-Rodríguez Alfonso 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Martín-López, Á, Mendes, RS, and Castillo-Rodríguez, A. Internal and external loads in training week before the competition in U19 high-level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1766–1772, 2021—Nowadays, the information about the load in training sessions (TRs) and the relationship of these TRs with official competition are necessary to gain the sport success in soccer. The aim of this study was to quantify the different loads in TRs according to days before the competition (P-4, P-2, and P-1) on soccer players U19 based on their playing position and their sport success. Twenty-four male Spanish high-level players (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.04 m; and body mass: 63.0 ± 6.3 kg) participated in the study. They were grouped according to their playing position: external defenders, internal defenders (ID), external midfielders, internal midfielders (IM), and forwards (FO). To conduct the study, global positioning system technology was used, and a 1-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were performed. The main results revealed that the highest physical and physiological responses in the TRs were shown by ID, IM, and players without sport success (p < 0.05), and during P-2. In addition, sport success is predicted by the mean heart rate (R
2 = 0.33; p < 0.001). As conclusion, players covering central positions in the playing field performed higher physical and physiological demands than players covering exterior or forward positions. Furthermore, physical and physiological responses during the TRs P-2 may be similar to the responses produced in competition match and are notably different depending on the sport success of the soccer player.
Experimental Evaluation of Shear Strength of Kaolin Clay under Cyclic and Noncyclic Thermal Loading
Authors: Yazdani Saeed , Helwany Sam , Olgun Guney 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The soil response to daily temperature variation imposed by an energy pile is critical for estimating the energy pile’s capacity and serviceability. It is, therefore, necessary to determine the temperature-induced effects on mechanical properties of soils. This article presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of thermal loading on shear strength of reconstituted kaolin clay. The study was performed using a triaxial testing apparatus capable of applying thermal loading. Different cyclic and noncyclic thermal loadings, with temperatures ranging between 24°C and 34°C, were applied. In addition, two theoretical mechanisms defining force distribution at the interparticle level were used to analyze the shearing behavior of clay under thermal loading. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the influence of temperature variation on the shear strength of clay is primarily controlled by stress state and stress history.
Efficient Two-Photon Absorbing Chromophores with Fine-Tuned л-Bridges
Authors: Zheng Lixin , Sassa Takafumi , Jen Alex K-Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new series of symmetric two-photon absorbing chromophores with various л-bridges were synthesized. It has been shown that the spectra of two-photon absorption and two-photon induced fluorescence can be fined tuned by structural variations in the electronic nature and twist angle of л-bridges of D-л-D type chromophores. These chromophores exhibited large twophoton absorption cross-sections (up to 1800 GM), which were determined by two-photon induced fluorescence technique using femtosecond pulse excitation. The colors of two-photon pumped emission of these chromophores varied from blue to red (433 ∼ 604 nm) as the structure of л-bridges changed.
Inverted OLEDs with Electrically Doped Carrier Injection and Transport Layers
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Pfeiffer Martin , Huang Jing S. , Blochwitz Jan , Werner Ansgar , Leo Karl 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConventional organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) having electrically doped carrier injection and transport layers with high conductivity exhibit extremely low driving voltages, which is due to the formation of radical anions and cations and ohmic contacts at the electrode interfaces. We report here an inverted OLEDs with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) bottom contact as cathode for electron injection. The device comprise an intrinsic 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) emission layer sandwiched in between n- and p-doped charge transport layers.
Hvordan forstår lærere utfordringer i praksisopplæringen? En studie av eksamenstekster
Authors: Engvik Gunnar 
Published: December 2018

Hensikten med artikkelen er å undersøke hvordan deltakere i en videreutdanning for praksislærere i en videregående skole forstår utfordringer i praksisopplæringen. I artikkelen besvares to forskningsspørsmål: Hvilke utfordrende tema beskrives i eksamenstekstene? Hvilke tiltak identifiseres i diskusjonen om utfordrende tema i eksamenstekstene? Artikkelens utgangspunkt er en skolebasert videreutdanning gjennomført i vårsemesteret 2016 ved én av NTNUs universitetsskoler. Tematiske analyser av eksamenstekstene identifiserte fire utfordrende tema: klasseledelse, innsikt i skolekonteksten, relasjonen praksislærer praksisstudent og etiske dilemma. Diskusjonen rundt tiltak kan grupperes i fire tolkende koder: kommunikasjon, kartlegging av praksisstudentens livsrom, utvikling av praksislærerens kompetanse, og utvikling av praksisstudentens kompetanser. Deltakernes forståelse av utfordringer i praksisopplæringen knytter seg til to funn: 1) Betydningen av å utvikle et språk for å samtale med praksisstudenter, kolleger og lærerutdanningsinstitusjoner om erfaringer relatert til praksisopplæringen. 2) Temaer i praksisopplæringen som inngår i kulturelle-diskursive forhold (det semantiske rommet) og i makt (det sosiale rommet) er avgjørende for en profesjonell praksisopplæring.

The purpose of the article is to investigate how participants in a further education for internship teachers in a high school understand challenges in practice training. The article answers two research questions: What challenging topics are described in the exam texts? What measures identified in the discussion of challenging topics in the exam texts? The article's starting point is a school-based further education completed in the spring semester of 2016 at one of NTNU's university colleges. Thematic analyzes of the exam texts identified four challenging topics: Classroom management, insight into the school context, the relationship of practice teacher-practice student and ethical dilemma. Discussion of measures is divided into four interpretative codes: Communication, mapping of the student's living space, developing the teacher's competence, and developing the student's competence. Participants' understanding of challenges in practice training relates to two findings: 1) the importance of developing a language for conversation with practicum-students, colleagues and teacher education institutions about experiences related to practice training. 2) Themes in practice training that are part of cultural-discursive relationships (the semantic space) and in power (the social space) are essential for a professional practice training.
A legitimidade do controle de constitucionalidade pelo Senado Federal a partir de sua origem francesa
Authors: Calil Mário Lúcio Garcez , Franzé Luís Henrique Barbante 
Published: December 2018

A preservação da força normativa da Lei Maior é uma necessidade em um Estado Constitucional. Diante disso, é indispensável o aprimoramento dos mecanismos de controle de constitucionalidade, de modo a aumentar sua eficiência e seu campo de atuação. Sabe-se, além disso, que o Poder Legislativo é o principal responsável pela concretização das disposições constitucionais, mediante obediência às disposições materiais e procedimentais do Texto Constitucional. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é o controle de constitucionalidade pelo Parlamento nacional, tanto no que se refere ao processo legislativo quanto às disposições em si, enquanto parte fundamental do próprio processo legislativo, por intermédio, inclusive, das denominadas Comissões Parlamentares, a partir da experiência francesa, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O presente trabalho é justificável, tendo em vista que, evidentemente, a entrada de disposições legais inconstitucionais em qualquer ordenamento jurídico ocasiona o enfraquecimento da força normativa da Constituição Federal, bem como demanda atuação repressiva do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Conclui-se pela legitimidade do controle preventivo de constitucionalidade pelo Senado.