bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-Substituted 3-(4,5-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)-β-carboline Derivatives
Authors: Sarragiotto Maria , Brand George , Gomes Carla , Costa Willian , Foglio Mary , Ruiz Ana 
Published: September 2018

Schiff bases, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,2,3,4]thiatriazoles, and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles carrying the β-carboline nucleus were synthesized from 3-(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-β-carbolines. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against eight human cancer cell lines. The 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,2,3,4]thiatriazole derivatives showed a broad spectrum of antitumor activity, with GI50 values lower than 13 μM for all cell lines tested. In general, all tested compounds showed potent activity against the breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line, with GI50 values in the range of 2.07 to 4.58 μM.
Nutrition in Pediatric Kidney Disease
Authors: Román-Ortiz Elena , Mendizábal-Oteiza Santiago , Codoñer-Franch Pilar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNutrition has a major impact on the health of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Special diets and additional replacement therapies may be chosen according to the specific renal disease. Persistent low-grade inflammation, which contributes to CKD-associated cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, protein-energy wasting, oxidative stress, acidosis, chronic and recurrent infections, and altered metabolism of adipose tissue may result from dietary deficits and are important targets for nutritive intervention. Therefore, many guidelines have been developed regarding nutrient intake adequation to assist pediatricians treating these children. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has multifactorial etiology and complicated clinical course that may ultimately necessitate renal replacement. AKI presents unique treatment challenges because of associated metabolic derangements, difficulties in nutrient requirement estimation, the negative effects of renal replacement therapy, and the complex effects on nutrient balances. Maintenance of protein balance in such conditions requires adequate energy and protein intake, especially during acute illnesses. Malnutrition in pediatric AKI has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the recommended nutritional requirements for this condition are less precise than for CKD. A complete assessment of pediatric kidney disease requires evaluation of growth, body composition, abnormal sodium loss, acid-base status, and dietary intake, particularly for children with renal insufficiency. Nutritional support should also provide adequate amounts of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients for normal growth and development.
Automated versus Manual Data Extraction of the Padua Prediction Score for Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Pavon Juliessa , Sloane Richard , Pieper Carl , Colón-Emeric Cathleen , Cohen Harvey , Gallagher David , Morey Miriam , McCarty Midori , Ortel Thomas , Hastings Susan 
Published: September 2018

Objective Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is an important consideration for hospitalized older adults, and the Padua Prediction Score (PPS) is a risk prediction tool used to prioritize patient selection. We developed an automated PPS (APPS) algorithm using electronic health record (EHR) data. This study examines the accuracy of APPS and its individual components versus manual data extraction.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized general internal medicine patients, aged 70 and over. Fourteen clinical variables were collected to determine their PPS; APPS used EHR data exports from health system databases, and a trained abstractor performed manual chart abstractions. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the APPS, using manual PPS as the gold standard for classifying risk category (low vs. high). We also examined performance characteristics of the APPS for individual variables.
Results PPS was calculated by both methods on 311 individuals. The mean PPS was 3.6 (standard deviation, 1.8) for manual abstraction and 2.8 (1.4) for APPS. In detecting patients at high risk for VTE, the sensitivity and specificity of the APPS algorithm were 46 and 94%, respectively. The sensitivity for APPS was poor (range: 6–34%) for detecting acute conditions (i.e., acute myocardial infarction), moderate (range: 52–74%) for chronic conditions (i.e., heart failure), and excellent (range: 94–98%) for conditions of obesity and restricted mobility. Specificity of the automated extraction method for each PPS variable was > 87%.
Conclusion APPS as a stand-alone tool was suboptimal for classifying risk of VTE occurrence. The APPS accurately identified high risk patients (true positives), but lower scores were considered indeterminate.
The reception of subtitled films from a sociological perspective
Authors: Enríquez-Aranda Mercedes , García Luque Francisca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpain has traditionally been a dubbing country. Nevertheless, subtitled versions are becoming more visible nowadays. One of the reasons that explain the increasing presence of subtitled films may be the growing concentration of English-speaking people in some areas. But it is not the only factor that explains this often unnoticed transformation: the ease of access to subtitled versions of TV series on the Internet, and the habit of watching subtitled films in other contexts such as film festivals or cinema forums, might help to understand why audiences seem attracted to the subtitled versions of films. In any case, while there may be many surmises, there is little data to confirm them. This article analyses the results of an empirical study thought to provide some information about the reception of subtitled films within the context of a cinema forum held on a weekly basis in a specific Spanish area. The overall purpose of the work is to shed some light on both the audience’s profile and its opinion about subtitling as an alternative way of watching foreign films in a dubbing country. The study is carried out through a survey that allows us to interpret the resulting conclusions from a sociological perspective.
Assessing the benefits of automatic grinding control using PST technology for true on-line Particle Size Measurement
Authors: Maron R , O’Keefe C , Sepulveda J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Despite the recognized significance of ground product fineness on both line capacity and downstream process performance (typically flotation), less than 10% of mineral ore concentrators today use real-time particle size measurements in automatic control applications for the final product particle size. Although “near-line” particle size measurement instrumentation has been in place for several decades and is commonly installed in most modern concentrators, its availability and low measurement frequency have typically been inadequate for reliable use in automatic control. Their low availability is often associated with problems with slurry sample collection and handling systems required to present the samples to the size measurement instrument. Recently, an innovative technology for real-time, on-line particle size measurement has been developed by CiDRA Minerals Processing, under its commercial name Particle Size Tracking (PST), already proven in several commercial installations, demonstrating near 100% availability with minimal maintenance, thus overcoming the limitations of previous technologies. Investment decision makers require convincing, reliable estimates of the expected economic value that automatic grind control projects will deliver. This paper presents a methodology for estimating such value from the installation of the new PST particle size measurement technology, capable of tracking particle size on each individual hydrocyclone overflow stream, thus adding significant new options for improved process stability and performance. Based on actual plant operating records, accumulated over long periods of time, the evaluation approach herein described assesses and highlights the significant potential contribution to be expected from this unique PST technology.
Hadamard triples generate self-affine spectral measures
Authors: Dutkay Dorin , Haussermann John , Lai Chun-Kit 
Published: September 2018

Let

R
R

be an expanding matrix with integer entries, and let

B
,
L

B,L

be finite integer digit sets so that

(
R
,
B
,
L
)

(R,B,L)

form a Hadamard triple on

R

d

{\mathbb {R}}^d

in the sense that the matrix

1

|

det
R

|

[

e

2
π
i
⟨

R

−
1

b
,
ℓ
⟩

]

ℓ
∈
L
,
b
∈
B

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{\sqrt {|\det R|}}\left [e^{2\pi i \langle R^{-1}b,\ell \rangle }\right ]_{\ell \in L,b\in B} \end{equation*}

is unitary. We prove that the associated fractal self-affine measure

μ
=
μ
(
R
,
B
)

\mu = \mu (R,B)

obtained by an infinite convolution of atomic measures

μ
(
R
,
B
)
=

δ

R

−
1

B

∗

δ

R

−
2

B

∗

δ

R

−
3

B

∗
⋯

\begin{equation*} \mu (R,B) = \delta _{R^{-1} B}\ast \delta _{R^{-2}B}\ast \delta _{R^{-3}B}\ast \cdots \end{equation*}

is a spectral measure, i.e., it admits an orthonormal basis of exponential functions in

L
2

(
μ
)

L^2(\mu )

. This settles a long-standing conjecture proposed by Jorgensen and Pedersen and studied by many other authors. Moreover, we also show that if we relax the Hadamard triple condition to an almost-Parseval-frame condition, then we obtain a sufficient condition for a self-affine measure to admit Fourier frames.
Going Online to Stay Connected: Online Social Participation Buffers the Relationship Between Pain and Depression
Authors: Ang Shannon , Chen Tuo-Yu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Maintaining offline social participation (i.e., face-to-face social interaction) is key for healthy aging, but older adults who experience pain tend to restrict their social activity outside of the home. The onset of pain may set off a downward spiral where lowered social participation increases the risk of depression and vice versa. This study thus assesses whether online social participation (i.e., the use of online social network sites) moderates the effect of pain on depression, possibly functioning as a compensatory mechanism for reduced offline social participation for those in pain.

Method
Logistic regression models with a lagged dependent variable were used with panel data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. An interaction term was included to assess the moderating effect of online social participation.

Results
We find that online social participation buffers the detrimental effect of pain on depression. However, the effect of pain on online social participation was not statistically significant.

Discussion
Findings show that online social participation can alleviate the negative effects of pain on mental well-being, and suggest that online social participation can supplement attempts to maintain offline social participation in later life, especially for those whose social activity may be limited by pain.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules
Authors: Moïsi Jennifer C , Yaro Seydou , Kroman Sita S , Gouem Clarisse , Bayane Dramane , Ganama Seydou , Meda Bertrand , Nacro Boubacar , Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie , Ouangraoua Soumeya , Ouedraogo Issaka , Sakande Souleymane , Sawadogo Francois , Zida Sylvie , Ouedraogo Jean-Bosco , Gessner Bradford D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Many African countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization program to reduce the burden of morbidity and death that results from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, yet immunogenicity and reactogenicity data from the region are limited for the 2 available PCV products.

Methods
We conducted a randomized trial of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Infants received 3 doses of PCV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months of age; toddlers received 2 doses 2 months apart or 1 dose beginning at 12 to 15 months of age; and children received 1 dose between 2 and 4 years of age. We measured each participant’s serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G concentration and opsonophagocytic activity before and after vaccination. For each age group, we compared immune responses between study arms and between the standard schedule in our study and the PCV13-licensing trials.

Results
In total, 280 infants, 302 toddlers, and 81 children were assigned randomly and underwent vaccination; 268, 235, and 77 of them completed follow-up, respectively. PCV13 resulted in low reactogenicity in all the study arms. The vaccine elicited a strong primary immune response in infants after 2 or more doses and in children aged 1 to 4 years after 1 dose. Infants who received a booster dose exhibited a robust memory response. Immunogenicity was higher than or comparable to that observed in the PCV13-licensing trials for a majority of serotypes in all 3 age groups.

Conclusions
PCV13 has a satisfactory immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile in this population. Our findings will help support decision making by countries regarding their infant and catch-up vaccination schedules.
Repeated False-Positive HIV Test Results in a Patient Taking HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Stekler Joanne D , Violette Lauren R , Niemann Lisa , McMahan Vanessa M , Katz David A , Baeten Jared M , Grant Robert M , Delaney Kevin P 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Regular HIV testing is required to ensure the safety of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We describe and discuss a series of false-positive HIV test results from an individual receiving PrEP. The expansion of PrEP will likely result in greater numbers of false-positive test results that may pose challenges for interpretation.
The Eustachian Tube as a Landmark for Early Identification of the Abducens Nerve During Endonasal Transclival Approaches
Authors: Revuelta Barbero Juan M , Subramaniam Somasundaram , Noiphithak Raywat , Yanez-Siller Juan C , Otto Bradley A , Carrau Ricardo L , Prevedello Daniel M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Expanded endonasal approaches have the potential to injure the abducens nerve (cranial nerve [CN] VI). The nerve's root entry zone (REZ) and cisternal segment (CS) are particularly prone to injury during the clivus resection and dural incision of transclival approaches.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of the eustachian tube (ET) as a surgical landmark for the REZ and CS of CN VI.

METHODS
Transclival expanded endonasal approaches were performed bilaterally in 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Anatomic relationships between ET and CN VI were documented with neuronavigation.

RESULTS
The mean vertical distance from the inferior brainstem point to the horizontal projection of CN VI REZ, CS midpoint, and interdural segment (ID) were 26.38 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.36-35.4), 38.61 mm (95% CI 25.61-51.61), and 42.68 mm (95% CI 30.14-55.22), respectively. The relative vertical distance from the ET to the horizontal projections of the REZ, CS midpoint, and its ID were 6.43 mm (95% CI 3.25-9.61), 18.66 mm (95% CI 11.52-25.8), and 22.72 mm (95% CI 16.02-29.42), respectively. In the axial plane the angles between the ET and (1) the REZ and its midline horizontal projection point, (2) the midpoint and its midline horizontal projection point, and (3) ID and its midline horizontal projection point were 9.81 ± SD 5.20°, 18.50 ± SD 4.87°, and 24.71 ± SD 6.21°, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The ET may serve as a constant landmark to reliably predict the position of the REZ and CS of CN VI.
Thriving in Scrubs: Understanding OBGYN Resident Resilience
Authors: Winkel Abigail , Honart Anne , Robinson Annie , Jones Aubrie-Ann , Squires Allison 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To understand how resilience manifests during the critical developmental time of residency.

BACKGROUND:
Physician well-being has been connected with outcomes for the health of physicians and also their patients' safety and satisfaction. Better understanding of resilience could guide interventions aiming to relieve burnout.

METHODS:
A qualitative study was performed using grounded theory to analyze the lived experience of resilience in residents. Obstetrics and gynecology residents were selected as an intensity sample, presumed to have an intense but not extreme experience of resilience. Eighteen residents in all years of training participated in semi-structured interviews based on concepts identified by the literature. A three-phase process of open coding, analytic coding and thematic analysis generated a conceptual model for resilience among residents

RESULTS:
Resilience among residents emerged as rooted in the resident's calling to the work of medicine, informed by aspirations to perform work valued by their community and cultivate connections with patients. Drive to overcome obstacles arose from strong affiliation with professional identity and values. Residency itself presented adversity, which caused residents to examine and cultivate coping mechanisms. Strong supports from peers and mentors in medicine as well as connections outside of medicine represented powerful buffers through conflicts presented throughout training.

DISCUSSION:
Resilience among residents is a dynamic and developmental phenomenon, informed by their background and personal goals, and influenced by the surrounding culture. Educational programs that foster deeper connections to the human dimension of the work, and allow residents to attend to their personal needs and development, may enhance resilience.
The Current State of Residency Preparatory Courses in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Skinner Bethany , Morgan Helen , Marzano Anita , Marzano David , Hammoud Maya 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To describe the prevalence and content of Residency Preparatory Courses (RPCs) for Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) in the United States, and to determine if student performance assessments are fed forward to Program Directors (PDs).

BACKGROUND:
Following implementation of the ACGME Milestones, medical schools developed RPCs to facilitate students’ transition to residency. However, data are lacking regarding the prevalence and characteristics of RPCs, and whether student performance assessments are transferred from medical schools to residencies.

METHODS:
An electronic survey evaluating the characteristics of OB/GYN RPCs, assessments used, and transfer of performance assessments was sent to the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics' Clerkship Directors email distribution list. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for multiple-choice responses, and free-text responses were qualitatively analyzed.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 44.2% (n=96/217). Only 40.6% of respondents, (n=39/96) offered RPCs. Courses were commonly less than two weeks’ duration (69.2%, n=27/39). Use of milestone-based curricula was common (64.1%, n=25/39). However, only half (n=19/38) assessed Level 1 Milestone sub-competencies. Information regarding student performance was rarely fed forward to PDs (18.4%, n=7/38). Free-text comments revealed high interest in RPC development.

DISCUSSION:
Less than half of OB/GYN Clerkship Directors surveyed currently offer RPCs, but interest in developing these courses is high. Though many report use of milestone-based curricula, only half assess Level 1 Milestone competency, and this information is rarely fed forward to PDs. Further development of RPC curricula, robust Level 1 Milestone assessments, and transfer of assessment information to PDs are needed to improve the transition from medical school to residency.
Retention of Knowledge Learned During a Resident Didactic Session About Billing
Authors: Martinez Anjali , Keller Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the retention of knowledge after an educational session to teach Obstetrics and Gynecology residents the basics of billing Evaluation and Management visits.

BACKGROUND:
Graduating residents could benefit from having some knowledge about billing and coding; however, they do not often use this knowledge in practice during residency. This study was undertaken to see if residents retained knowledge months after attending a didactic session on that topic.

METHODS:
Obstetrics and Gynecology residents attended a didactic session about billing Evaluation and Management visits. Baseline knowledge was assessed with a pretest, and the same test was administered after the session as a post-test. Ten months later, residents took the same post-test to determine their level of retention. Another group of residents who had not attended the workshop also took the test at the ten month mark and served as a control group.

RESULTS:
11 residents were in the intervention group and 13 residents were in the control group. The exam mean improved from 4.2/10 to 7.9/10 after the session. This improvement was statistically significant (P<.01). Compared to the pretest, the ten-month follow up scores had a statistically significant increase with a mean score of 6.0/10 (P<.01). Those scores were also better than the 4.6/10 mean for the control group (P=.01).

DISCUSSION:
Residents improved on a written examination regarding billing for Evaluation and Management visits months after completing an educational session on the topic. They retained some of the knowledge they learned at the session despite not using the knowledge in the interim.
“On-the-Go” Training: Downloadable Modules to Educate Students in Care for Sexual Assault Survivors
Authors: Siegel Molly , Gonzalez Estela Chen , Wijesekera Olindi , O'Reilly Margaret , March Gail , Bell Shannon 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
An innovative approach to train students to provide trauma-informed care for survivors of sexual assault (SA) through independent learning.

BACKGROUND:
All medical providers encounter patients who have experienced SA, and can have significant impact on survivors; long-term health. Training medical students to provide appropriate, trauma-informed care is lacking in most medical school sexual health curricula. Appealing to the millennial learner, we developed three downloadable video/podcast-style modules for on-the-go use.

METHODS:
We worked with interdisciplinary experts in trauma-informed care to develop modules on interviewing patients with recent and distant history of SA and acute medical management. The study group was a cohort of interested medical students. Students completed pre- and post-tests assessing knowledge, and a paired t-test evaluated overall change in knowledge test scores. Students responded to a Likert-style question on self-reported comfort caring for this population, and responses were analyzed with a chi-square test.

RESULTS:
Thirty-two medical students spanning all years beta-tested the modules and 97% completed the study. Overall, student knowledge scores improved 20% (95% CI=16%-23%, P<.0001). After completing the curriculum, students reported a significantly improved comfort level (P=.0250). Students enjoyed the learning format and reported the modules enhanced their education (72-88%) and were appropriate for their education level (69-97%).

DISCUSSION:
Following completion of modules, students demonstrated improved knowledge and reported increased confidence in caring for this patient population. These modules seek to empower students to step beyond screening in their care for patients with sexual trauma history. Future directions include publication of existing modules and expansion of the module library.