bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Properties of a Probabilistic‐Statistical Model of Particle Classification in Hydrocyclones
Authors: Krokhina Alina V. , Lvov Vladimir A. , Fatova Alvina V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe peculiarities of practical implementation of a probabilistic‐statistical model for a hydrodynamic stage of particle classification process of liquid‐solid polydisperse systems in cylinder‐conic hydrocyclones of small size have been investigated. Within reasonable assumptions, stationary solutions of the Fokker‐Planck‐Kolmogorov kinetic equation were obtained for the considered separation process. In order to describe changes in characteristics of suspension separation in hydrocyclones it was proposed to use stationary distributions, which parameters depend not only on hydraulic and dynamic features of flows inside an apparatus, but also are determined by relative magnitudes of the impact of particle classification and centrifugal forces in comparison with the intensity of random perturbations.
Channel load based interference‐aware scheduling in military communication environment
Authors: Vignesh V. , Premalatha K. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis work is focused to improve the military communication by introducing Channel Load based Average Link Interference Estimation (CLAIE) which will assess the channel load level of every route path, thus the interference reduced communication can be guaranteed. Channel load metric is capable of identifying interference superior to the previous metrics specified in IEEE 802.11 networks. This routing metric attains greater performance, when measured in the environment affected with interference, which contains inadequate radio channel resources such as wireless mesh network. This research offers a sequence of formulas in order to calculate link‐interference, path‐interference, and node‐interference and, in addition, to choose the paths containing the least average link‐interference amid the source and target, and an interference‐aware routing protocol is presented. Paths identified by this protocol are likely to evade the places containing greater interferences, decreasing the amount of retransmissions of packet and collisions, bringing about greater network throughput and increased lifespan. We present this average link interference‐aware routing. The overall methodology is deployed in military communication environment. In the NS2 simulation environment, the complete assessment of the research technique is implemented and proved that the presented research technique gives improved result.
Web‐cloud architecture levels and optimized MQTT and COAP protocol suites for web of things
Authors: Prabhu Kumar P.C. , Geetha G. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWeb of Things or Internet of Things (IoT) was an emerging technology where things of everyday objects could be connected to the Internet. Cloud computing is an important technology for IoT. We proposed six levels of IoT architectures with respect to cloud, and these architectures describe the storage, controlling, and monitoring of various sensors and actuators in IoT applications. Better selection of protocols produce better results for constrained IoT environment. In this paper, we analyzed IoT architecture levels with respect to cloud, various IoT applications, and layer wise protocols and proposed two optimized protocol suites named as MQTT protocol suite and CoAP protocol suite. We implemented these protocols in a small IoT application and compared these two suites with respect to transmission delay, number of packets transferred, the overhead due to re‐transmission, and the battery power usage. We also proposed optimized suite for some IoT applications with respect to their characteristics.
Influence of nano‐zinc oxide on tropane alkaloid production, h6h gene transcription and antioxidant enzyme activity in Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. hairy roots
Authors: Asl Kamal Rashidi , Hosseini Bahman , Sharafi Ali , Palazon Javier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of nanotechnology and biotechnology to improve the production of plant bioactive compounds is growing. Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. is a major source of tropane alkaloids with a wide therapeutic use, including treatment of Parkinson's disease and to calm schizoid patients. In the present study, hairy roots were obtained from two‐week‐old cotyledon explants of H. reticulatus L. using the A7 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The effects of different concentrations of the signaling molecule nano‐zinc oxide (ZnO) (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L), with three exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h), on the growth rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenol contents (TPC), tropane alkaloid contents and hyoscyamine‐6‐beta‐hydroxylase (h6h) gene expression levels were investigated. Growth curve analysis revealed a decrease in fresh and dry weight of ZnO‐treated hairy roots compared to the control. ANOVA results showed that the antioxidant activity of the enzymes catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase was significantly higher in the ZnO‐treated hairy roots than in the control, as was the TPC. The highest levels of hyoscyamine (37%) and scopolamine (37.63%) were obtained in hairy roots treated with 100 mg/L of ZnO after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed the highest h6h gene expression was in hairy roots treated with 100 mg/L of ZnO after 24 h. It can be concluded that ZnO is as an effective elicitor of tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine due to its enhancing effect on expression levels of the biosynthetic h6h gene.
Discussion of “development of a family of unconditionally stable explicit direct integration algorithms with controllable numerical energy dissipation” by Chinmoy Kolay and James M. Ricles
Authors: Maxam Dean J. , Tamma Kumar K. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe time integration method proposed by Kolay and Ricles, which was claimed to be both explicit and unconditionally stable, is shown to be implicit in the sense of requiring the factorization of an effective stiffness matrix where an explicit method needs no solver. Its original derivation procedure employed discrete control theory concepts, which are in fact, equivalent to conventional recurrence relation concepts aiming to match its spectral properties with those of the three‐parameter optimal/generalized‐α method, thus giving rise to an implicit method within the class of linear multistep methods. It is shown that the resulting method possesses several added computational drawbacks due to its derivation procedure, such as additional effective stiffness inversions and a degraded order of accuracy in general.
The mix of good nutritional attitude and poor nutritional knowledge is associated with adequate intake of vitamin A and iron from wild fruits and vegetables among rural households in Acholi subregion of Northern Uganda
Authors: Okidi Lawrence , Odongo Walter , Ongeng Duncan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNutritional knowledge and attitude of a population greatly affect intake of essential micronutrients. Much of the understanding on the impact of nutritional knowledge and attitude on nutrient intake has been derived from studies conducted among affluent societies using commercial food products. However, information on the link between status of nutritional knowledge and attitude on intake of essential nutrients from wild fruits and vegetables among rural communities is largely lacking. This study examined the status of nutritional knowledge and attitude associated with intake of vitamin A and iron from wild fruits and vegetables among rural households in Acholi subregion of northern Uganda. A cross‐sectional study design making use of individual household questionnaire and proximate dietary recall of a calendar year consumption period involving 248 randomly selected rural households was applied. Results showed that households had good nutritional attitude but poor nutritional knowledge. Status of knowledge was dependent on nutrition training (p = 0.028; coefficient, β = 0.710) and age of the respondent (p = 0.044; β = −0.023), whereas status of attitude was predicted by age of the respondent (p = 0.014; β = 0.048). Consumption of wild fruits and vegetables contributed adequately to the dietary vitamin A and iron requirements of the households. The results have demonstrated that intake of vitamin A and iron from wild fruits and vegetables among rural households is associated with good nutritional attitude but poor nutritional knowledge. A concerted effort is necessary to improve household nutritional knowledge for better utilization of wild fruits and vegetables.
Nutritional and alcoholic contents of cheka: A traditional fermented beverage in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Binitu Worku Belay , Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Zewdu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCheka is a cereal and vegetable‐based beverage which is consumed in Southwestern parts of Ethiopia particularly in Dirashe and Konso. In this study, nine cheka samples were collected from vending houses in Konso and Dirashe districts for the laboratory analysis of the nutritional profile and chemical properties of cheka. The pH and titratable acidity of the samples ranged from 3.53–3.99 and 0.80%–1.11%, respectively. The total solids, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, carbohydrate, and gross energy contents of the samples ranged from 21.05%–26.87%, 3.12–4.44 g/100 g, 1.17–1.81 g/100 g, 0.94–1.27, 0.65–0.93 g/100 g, 14.16–19.03 g/100 g, and 82.04–107.17 Kcal, respectively. The dietary Ca, Fe, and Zn content of the samples were ranged from 8.31–19.60 mg/100 g, 13.94–27.59 mg/100 g and 0.82–1.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The methanol and ethanol contents of the cheka samples ranged from 163.1–2,380 ppm and 3.04%–8.96% v/v, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that cheka has low nutrient content and thus, suggests that people in Konso and Dirashe should not rely on it without eating solid foods as it is almost always diluted with a significant amount of water. In conclusion, the longer fermentation time of cheka resulted in high methanol levels that can present adverse health effects to consumers.
Differential expression of a stress‐regulated gene Nr4a2 characterizes early‐ and late‐born hippocampal granule cells
Authors: Imura Tetsuya , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Suzutani Ken , Ichikawa‐Tomikawa Naoki , Chiba Hideki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeural progenitors acquire GFAP expression during the perinatal period and continue to generate granule cells (GCs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood. Cellular characteristics of GFAP+ progenitor‐derived late‐born GCs in comparison with early‐born GCs remain unknown. Using genetic fate mapping in mice, we show that early‐ and late‐born GCs are concentrated in the outer and inner side of the GC layer, respectively. We then identify that a nuclear orphan receptor Nr4A2 is preferentially expressed by early‐born GCs. Nr4a2 expression is dynamically regulated in response to restraint stress and glucocorticoid levels, indicating that Nr4a2 is a stress‐regulated gene in GCs. Acute stress suppresses but chronic stress conversely induces Nr4a2 expression in GCs. The survival of newly generated GCs is impaired by chronic restraint stress and long‐term stress after middle age decreases the proportion of late‐born GCs in aged mice. Thus, early‐ and late‐born GCs exhibit characteristic anatomical distribution, differential gene expression, and distinct response to environmental stress.
Precancerous cervical lesions and HPV genotypes identified in previously unsatisfactory cervical smear tests after inexpensive glacial acetic acid processing
Authors: Risley Carolann , Geisinger Kim R. , Robinson Jennifer C. , Stewart Mary W. , Zhang Lei , Alexander Rhonda , Raab Stephen S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of using glacial acetic acid (GAA) to convert unsatisfactory bloody ThinPrep (TP) cervical smear test to satisfactory, and identify associated missed diagnoses and high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes.MethodsIn a retrospective descriptive cross‐sectional analysis, all TP tests performed in Mississippi, USA, 2012–2016, were evaluated for unsatisfactory results owing to blood. Tests that were converted to satisfactory by GAA treatment, and corresponding anomalies and HPV genotypes were identified.ResultsAmong 106 384 TP tests, there were 1460 (1.37%) unsatisfactory results, of which 1442 (98.77%) were converted to satisfactory after GAA treatment. Laboratory preprocessing with GAA increased costs minimally. Precancerous lesions were detected in 166 (11.51%) of 1442 GAA‐treated samples, of which 12 (7.2%) were high‐grade lesions, 110 (66.3%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and 63 (57.3%) tested positive for hrHPV. Of 60 genotyped samples, 39 (65%) had non‐HPV16 and non‐HPV18. Including mixed infections, 48 (80%) contained less‐common hrHPV types, reflecting an unexpected distribution in bloody specimens.ConclusionsGAA pretreatment of bloody TP tests would reduce the incidence of unsatisfactory results and missed high‐grade lesions, and prevent the cost of repeat tests and delayed treatment. Clinicians without access to GAA should consider HPV testing.
Systemic risk and bank business models
Authors: van Oordt Maarten , Zhou Chen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we decompose banks' systemic risk into two dimensions: the risk of a bank (“bank tail risk”) and the link of the bank to the system in financial distress (“systemic linkage”). Based on extreme value theory, we estimate a systemic risk measure that can be decomposed into two subcomponents reflecting these dimensions. Empirically, we assess the relationships of bank business models to the two dimensions of systemic risk. The observed differences in these relationships partly explain why micro‐ and macroprudential perspectives sometimes have different implications for banking regulation.
A simple and highly efficient method for transduction of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bolandi Zohreh , Hosseini Rad Seyed Mohammad Ali , Soudi Sara , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Ghanbarian Hossein 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into a wide range of cell types and provide a potential to transfer therapeutic protein in vivo, making them valuable candidates for gene therapy and cell therapy. However, using MSCs in in vivo is limited due to the low rate of transfection and transduction efficacy. Therefore, developing methods to efficiently transfer genes into MSCs would provide a number of opportunities for using them in the clinic. Here, we introduce a simple and robust method for efficient transduction of human adipose‐derived MSCs by modification under the culture condition of human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293T) and MSCs. Moreover, as a transduction enhancer, polybrene was replaced with Lipofectamine, a cationic lipid. Therefore, we showed that transduction of primary cells can be increased efficiently by modifying the culture condition.
The critical role of exosomes in tumor biology
Authors: Jiang Keqiu , Dong Chengyong , Yin Zeli , Li Rui , Wang Qi , Wang Liming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (diameter, 30‐160 nm), which contain multiple proteins, nucleic acids, lipid molecules, and other substances. Most types of cells can secrete exosomes, although the biogenesis, composition, and function is specific to different cell types. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play a critical role in tumor development. In this review, we briefly summarize the biogenesis, composition, and function of exosomes. We also discuss the recent advances in the critical role of exosomes in tumor biology with a special focus on their application in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Prolonged high‐glucose exposure decreased SREBP‐1/FASN/ACC in Schwann cells of diabetic mice via blocking PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhu Lin , Du Wei , Liu Yaping , Cheng Meijuan , Wang Xiumin , Zhang Cuihong , Lv Xin , Li Fan , Zhao Song , Hao Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAbnormal lipid metabolism and SREBP‐1 downregulation are reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In the current study, the relationship between PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and SREBP‐1 expression was explored in Schwann cells of DPN. The phospho‐Akt (Ser 473), phospho‐Akt (Thr 308), and SREBP‐1 expression were inhibited in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice versus those of normal mice, accompanied with the atrophy of nerve fiber and the irregular myelin sheath. High concentration glucose suppressed phospho‐Akt (Ser 473), phospho‐Akt (Thr 308), and SREBP‐1 expression in cultured Schwann cell (RSC96 cell) in vitro, and 25 mmol/L glucose was enough to lead to the maximum inhibitory effect. The time‐course effect of high glucose showed that Akt phosphorylation gradually decreased with the extension of stimulation time. Somewhat differently, short‐term high‐glucose exposure enhanced SREBP‐1 expression and prolonged high‐glucose stimulation reduced the SREBP‐1 expression in RSC96 cells. Similarly, prolonged high‐glucose stimulation also downregulated FASN messenger RNA (mRNA), ACC mRNA, intracellular triglyceride, and cholesterol. LY294002 suppressed Akt activation followed by the decreased SREBP‐1, FASN, ACC, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Contrarily, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway agonist insulin pretreatment avoided prolonged high‐glucose stimulation‐blocked Akt activation and increased SREBP‐1, FASN, and ACC expression in the levels of protein and mRNA in RSC96 cells. The knockdown of SREBP‐1 by shRNA prevented insulin‐induced enhanced FASN, ACC mRNA expression, triglyceride, and cholesterol in high‐glucose‐treated RSC96 cells. In conclusion, prolonged high‐glucose exposure inhibits the SREBP‐1/FASN/ACC expression in the Schwann cells of DPN via the blockage of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Postnatal exposure to di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate alters cardiac insulin signaling molecules and GLUT4Ser488 phosphorylation in male rat offspring
Authors: Parsanathan Rajesh , Maria Joseph Angelaalincy , Karundevi Balasubramanian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a distinctive endocrine‐disrupting chemical, is widely used as a plasticizer in a variety of consumer products. It can easily cross the placenta and enter breast milk and then it is rapidly absorbed by offspring. Since it is generally accepted that individuals are more sensitive to chemical exposure during vital developmental periods, we investigated whether DEHP exposure during lactation affects cardiac insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in the F1 male rat offspring at postnatal day 22 (PND22). Lactating Wistar rats were administered with DEHP (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg/d) or olive oil from lactation day 1 to 21 by oral gavage. All the male pups were perfused and killed on PND22. On the day before the killing, they were kept for fasting overnight and blood was collected. The cardiac muscle was dissected out, washed in ice‐cold physiological saline repeatedly and used for the assay of various parameters. DEHP‐exposed offspring had significantly lower body weight than the control. DEHP‐exposed offspring showed elevated blood glucose, decreased 14C‐2‐deoxyglucose uptake and 14C‐glucose oxidation in cardiac muscle at PND22. The concentration of upstream insulin signaling molecules such as insulin receptor subunit β (InsRβ) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) were downregulated in DEHP‐exposed offspring. However, no significant alterations were observed in protein kinase B (Akt) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). Surprisingly, phosphorylation of IRS1
Tyr632 and Akt
Ser473 were diminished. Low levels of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein and increased GLUT4
Ser488 phosphorylation which decreases its intrinsic activity and translocation towards plasma membrane were also recorded. Lactational DEHP exposure predisposes F
1 male offspring to cardiac glucometabolic disorders at PND22, which may impair cardiac function.
E2F1‐mediated MNX1‐AS1‐miR‐218‐5p‐SEC61A1 feedback loop contributes to the progression of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ye Yaqun , Gu Binbin , Wang Yi , Shen Sudan , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA MNX1‐AS1 has been reported to facilitate the progression of glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of MNX1‐AS1 in colon adenocarcinoma have not been studied until now. In the current study, MNX1‐AS1 was upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. JASPAR prediction tool showed that E2F1 could bind to the promoter region of MNX1‐AS1. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay were used to verify the interactions between MNX1‐AS1 and E2F1. Then functional assays revealed that downregulation of MNX1‐AS1 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon adenocarcinoma, but upregulation of E2F1 reversed the effects. Moreover, subcellular fractionation assay manifested that MNX1‐AS1 was enriched in the cytoplasm of colon adenocarcinoma cells, thus we speculated whether MNX1‐AS1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to play roles in colon adenocarcinoma. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay indicated that MNX1‐AS1 could sponge microRNA‐218‐5p (miR‐218‐5p). Furthermore, we discovered that SEC61A1 was downstream target of miR‐218‐5p, and MNX1‐AS1 acted as a ceRNA to upregulate the expression of SEC61A1 through sponging miR‐218‐5p. Finally, rescue assays confirmed that MNX1‐AS1 facilitated the progression of colon adenocarcinoma through regulating miR‐218‐5p/SEC61A1 axis. Taken together, we concluded that E2F1‐mediated MNX1‐AS1‐miR‐218‐5p‐SEC61A1 feedback loop contributed to the progression of colon adenocarcinoma.
miR‐32 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by targeting CXXC5
Authors: Liu Ya‐Tian , Zong Dan , Jiang Xue‐Song , Yin Li , Wang Li‐Jun , Wang Ting‐Ting , Zhu Jun , He Xia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroRNA‐32 (miR‐32) functioned as a tumor oncogene in some cancer, which control genes involved in important biological and pathological functions and facilitate the tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of miR‐32 modulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) malignant transformation has not been clarified. Here, we focused on the function and the underlying molecular mechanism of miR‐32 in ESCC. Results discovered a significant increased expression of miR‐32 in ESCC tissues and cells. Downregulation of miR‐32 inhibited the migration, invasion, adhesion of ESCC cell lines (EC9706 and KYSE450), and the levels of EMT protein in vitro. In vivo, miR‐32 inhibitors decrease tumor size, tumor weight, and the number of metastatic nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results revealed that inhibition of miR‐32 attenuate lung metastasis. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay showed increased level of E‐cadherin and decreased level of N‐cadherin and Vimentin with treatment of miR‐32 inhibitors. Furthermore, miR‐32 targeted the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of CXXC5, and inhibited the level of mRNA and protein of CXXC5. There is a negative correlation between the expressions of CXXC5 and miR‐32. Then, after EC9706 and KYSE450 cells cotransfected with si‐CXXC5 and miR‐32 inhibitors, the ability of cell migration, invasion, and adhesion was significantly reduced. In addition, the protein expression of EMT and TGF‐β signaling was also depressed. Collectively, these data supply an insight into the positive role of miR‐32 in ESCC progression and metastasis, and its biological effects may attribute the inhibition of TGF‐β signaling mediated by CXXC5.