bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Kenny Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Whether the Union of Great Britain and Northern Ireland will survive in its current form has become an existential question in British politics post-Brexit. The root cause lies in a long history of political turbulence, rising nationalism, and declining confidence in governing institutions. Current tensions in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, combined with the unpredictable interactions of nationalist politics, further strain the Union. Despite this, the Union remains a secondary theme in Westminster, overshadowed by issues like Brexit and economic growth. Its future prospects depend on how these dynamics evolve and how political actors and civil servants understand and respond to these challenges.
Multiple-reciprocity marking in the Kikongo Language Cluster
Authors: Dom Sebastian , Goes Heidi , Bostoen Koen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bantu languages belonging to the Kikongo Language Cluster generally have two reciprocal markers. These are the reflex of Proto-Bantu *-an and a complex suffix ending in -an. Their functional distribution turns out not to be well understood in the existing literature. Through a pilot corpus study, the authors argue here that the complex marker is mainly used to convey prototypical reciprocal events, while simplex -an has evolved into a lexicalized ‘middle’ marker. They furthermore reconstruct the complex suffix *-izyan to Proto-Kikongo, identify its first element as a reflex of the compound causative suffix *-ɪd-i, and propose that its rise as a non-compositional marker of prototypical reciprocity is the outcome of a semantic generalization from ‘reciprocity of causation’ to ‘reciprocity’.
Responsible Policy Engagement
Authors: Epstein Rachel A. , Kaplan Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays out the enterprise of “bridging the gap” between researchers and policymakers, in which policymakers draw on scholarly findings or expertise to inform or justify policy. It makes the case that there is an increasing need for understanding the principles of responsible engagement when communicating research to policy audiences. It then reviews some of the key ethical challenges and dilemmas, including the misuse of research, problems of positionality, prosocial lying, unpopular findings, overgeneralization, and ambiguous evidence, that social scientists are likely to encounter when sharing their research and knowledge. It also alerts policymakers to the advantages of being ethically aware and informed as they approach academics and ask them to provide advice on policy issues, and previews the case study chapters contained in the volume.
Pre-register Your Ethical Redlines
Authors: Lyall Jason 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drawing on field work experience in Russia and Afghanistan, as well as on work with a range of government agencies and nongovernmental organizations, Jason Lyall offers a detailed set of recommendations around preregistering one’s ethical redlines and publishing them in advance of any field research in conflict settings to guard against the normalization of unethical practices. Social pressures are especially acute and high-stakes in conflict settings or amid contentious politics. Not only is access difficult for researchers, but findings could adversely affect populations. Conflicts of interest abound as parties to a conflict potentially view researchers as a vehicle to advance their side of an argument. Publishing a “preregistration” document provides an ethical anchor and reference point, bringing accountability to the researcher and warding off dubious research and policy partners in the first place. It also forces the investigator to think through, in dialogue with peers and research subjects, the potential harms to populations that could inadvertently flow from any given project. “E-hacking” refers to ethical compromises that researchers at times feel pressured to make, while “preregistration” is one method of inoculating oneself against such pressure to avoid “seduction.”
Coping with Conflicting Claims
Authors: Sisk Timothy D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reflects on how to advise policymakers in the absence of scholarly consensus. Political scientists disagree over whether ethnically based power sharing is advisable in postconflict and deeply divided societies. While there is evidence that such an approach can “stop the killing,” many studies also point to the potential for cementing ethnic divisions rather than the effective cultivation of crosscutting cleavages. Timothy Sisk systematically reviews debates over how peace accords shape downstream institutional performance, the appeal and perils of presidentialism, trade-offs within different electoral systems, and the possible advantages and risks of power decentralization. He concludes that while policymakers may be attracted to scholarly findings identifying the “best” institutions for cementing lasting peace, their risk aversion may nevertheless steer them toward suboptimal solutions. While competing imperatives may not be resolvable, Sisk argues that researchers can still engage responsibly by highlighting contingency, complexity, and context in connection with every research finding. Explaining to policymakers the extent to which particular methodological choices apply (or not) to any given policy setting can potentially improve the quality of research-to-policy interactions.
Partnered Policy Engagement
Authors: Kaplan Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how scholars can in some cases transcend competing imperatives. Oliver Kaplan writes about his experience empowering—rather than marginalizing—stakeholders who were the subjects of research. Through a collaboration among academics, local peacebuilders, and NGOs, Kaplan shared the successes and failures of community-based atrocities prevention strategies with other NGOs and government policymakers. He reviews here the ethical considerations involved in what he terms his process of “partnered engagement” with a local peacebuilder from Colombia, Cristina Serna. Kaplan and Serna co-presented their findings and experiences at in-person briefings in the US with NGOs and policymakers. The connections with the policymakers proved highly valuable for Serna and her community, allowing her to share lessons with a broader audience and gain support from new international actors. The participation of Serna’s local voice and face in the dialogues also gave more weight to and humanized the available scholarly research findings. At the same time, the partnering was not without risks and possible negative effects. The process elevated some countries, communities, and individuals over others in benefitting from the engagement opportunity, and the travel also posed opportunity costs and potential hardships. Kaplan concludes that for partnered engagements to be both successful and responsible, scholars should address researcher positionality as well as the potential burdens on local actors.
Policymaker’s Epilogue
Authors: Steadman Leanne Erdberg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Writing from the policymaker side of the “gap,” Leanne Erdberg Steadman, a former US government policymaker and national security staffer, reflects on the scholars’ engagement case studies and draws from them to offer her own recommendations. She sheds light on the various players and steps involved in complex policymaking processes—some of which scholars may be unaware of. She shows how it is crucial for policy-engaged scholars to gain an understanding of the policy process, including how policymakers are likely to misuse or misinterpret academic findings. Such an understanding can help scholars in both effectively sharing their findings and treading cautiously, given the possible diverging incentives and preferences that some policymakers may hold for how research should inform decision-making. Erdberg Steadman’s analysis does not stop with academics, however. She also places some of the burden for responsible engagement on policymakers such as herself. She directs additional suggestions to policymakers for how they can play more proactive and responsible roles in their own efforts to bridge the academic–policy gap.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Herdliska Anna , Zhai Xiaoming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in transformative shifts in various sectors, with science education emerging as a pivotal domain of its influence. This study delves into the integration of AI within science education, examining its impact on student engagement and understanding. Through a nuanced exploration of three distinct student archetypes—pragmatic innovators, foundational explorers, and holistic visionaries—the research offers insights into diverse learning trajectories in the context of AI. The findings underscore the need for adaptive pedagogical strategies that resonate with the multifaceted learning needs of students in an AI-centric world. By proposing AI-based scientific inquiry, this study not only highlights the transformative potential of AI in reshaping science education but also charts a visionary path forward. This research serves as a seminal contribution to the academic discourse, setting the stage for a new era in science education that is both responsive and forward-thinking.
Mediatizing the Nation, Ordering the World
Authors: Dougall Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book offers a timely and engaging account of how technologies of communication media impact nationalist challenges to global order—shedding new light on how they matter, how they have changed, and how their evolution transforms the conditions of possibility for nationalist order challengers. In the twenty-first century, we have become accustomed to close entanglements between resurgent nationalism and digital media. In Mediatizing the Nation, Ordering the World, Andrew Dougall shows that the relationship between media and nationalist order contestation is far older. Comparing Trump’s breakthrough in the twenty-first-century United States with a similar—but unsuccessful—movement in nineteenth-century Britain, the book argues that communication media shaped these episodes by differently patterning the constitution and distribution of meaning on which they relied. Underpinning this argument is a novel theorization of media in world politics, drawing on insights from media and communications scholarship, in addition to International Relations (IR). Among the book’s key contributions are to explain how media affect vertical challenges to the structure of international orders; to reframe IR’s theoretical engagement with the relationship between media and order; and to situate the internet within a longer history of this relationship, contributing to a more balanced view of its impact.
Dictators’ Endgames during the Third Wave of Democratization
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter includes comparative and case study analyses of twenty-one dictators’ endgames during the “Third Wave of Democratization,” spanning from the Iranian “Islamic Revolution” in 1979 to the 1998 mass protests in Indonesia. Eight instances saw militaries violently suppressing protests, mainly because military leaders benefitted politically and economically from the persistence of the incumbent regime. Loyalty shifts occurred in eleven cases where military elites did not have access to extensive material and political privileges and were not tied to the dictator’s political survival through promotions based on ascriptive criteria. In Sudan 1985 and Haiti 1986, endgames resulted in military coups against incumbent dictators. In both cases, autocrats had politically and materially marginalized their militaries which could rely on the organizational expertise of previous intervention into politics as well as the support of protesters who welcomed the generals’ toppling of long-sitting kleptocratic dictators.
The Dualism of Motive in Kant
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 6 starts with a summary of results so far. Prominent among these is that the idea of ‘ought’ is present in the idea of the good as in that of the right. And there are two radically opposed types of motivation involved in ethics. The duty-motive (the desire to do what is right) and the goodness-motive (the desire to do what is good). Strawson discusses Kant on the desire to do what is right as such: if one’s motive is just that this is one’s duty, what sort of desire is that? Two questions arise: (1) How do we know what duty commands? (2) How is duty possible as a motive? Kant’s answer to (1) is that duty commands it if our reason for doing it is such that we could desire it to be a universal law of action for everyone. Respect for law is introduced as a new form of desire.
Moral Development
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 8 addresses the herd-instinct as another possible foundation for morality. Why then suppose that it is Caritas that is opposed to the egocentric desires? Because sometimes the pressures of the herd conflict with those of morality. But what is the origin of the sense of rightness? Strawson discusses MacDougall on the instinct of parental love, and Freud on the Super-Ego.
The Genesis of Obligation
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 9 addresses the selfish will vs the loving will: can morality be grounded in this conflict? Strawson discusses a number of topics: the unselfish will as unified and consistent; Kant on respect for law contrasted with Caritas as a form of desire; the antithesis between Caritas and selfish desires; the experience of obligation; love as a motive contrasted with Kantian respect for the law; reason and principle as twin pillars of morality; and the sense of obligation, which is the product of conflict between Caritas and egocentric desires, as the fundamental fact of morality.
Thirty-Nine Years of Counting Change
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 continues our examination of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data using multivariate analysis. This yields two noteworthy findings. First, the years spent in single motherhood is one of the most important factors in explaining the lifetime income gap between married and unmarried mothers. Second, a causal model attenuates all income differences between divorced and never-married mothers, reducing them to factors that cannot be measured with national survey data. Chapter 6 also explores how income transfers from nonresident fathers and the government benefit needy mothers. Prior to welfare reform, never-married mothers were more likely to rely on federal transfers for the lion’s share of their income. Rates of receipt have declined since 1996, but all income transfers continue to represent a meaningful contribution to their recipients even though the dollar value of these transfers is modest.
Navigating Research in an Applied Graduate Program
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this book is to help graduate students successfully navigate research in applied graduate programs (e.g., psychology, mental health, education). There is no such thing as an easy research or scholarly project like a dissertation or thesis. Students typically need help navigating their way through the nuts and bolts of identifying research interests, developing a project topic, and writing and managing a project, as well as the various relationship and academic skills necessary to successfully (and sanely) complete such a project. Using well-recognized national research competency benchmarks from the field of psychology, students are guided through a comprehensive and proactive approach from the beginning to the end of the research process. Specifically, this book addresses the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary at three stages of graduate school: becoming familiar with research and scholarly work, developing a proposal and managing a project, and finalizing a final project and beyond. Ways to critically evaluate research, conduct research in applied settings, and consider ethics and professional development are reviewed. In addition, ways to foster successful mentoring relationships and work collaboratively are emphasized throughout the book. The accompanying worksheets and tables are designed to help students think through factors to consider at each stage, plan written work and timelines, self-evaluate and improve research and writing skills, and determine steps for moving forward. Recommendations are also made for faculty teaching research courses, running applied research labs, and advising, mentoring, and/or chairing.
Skills to Develop for Beginning-Level Research Competence
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on helping students develop the skills needed for success in their research at the beginning of applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education, both interpersonally and academically. With regard to interpersonal skills, this chapter discusses when and how to collaborate with faculty, skills for becoming an excellent mentee, and how to navigate conducting research in applied settings. Tips for navigating a university’s research resources are also discussed. On the academic side, this chapter teaches skills for conducting a solid literature search, reading and critically evaluating research, outlining in preparation for writing, and welcoming and integrating feedback. It also reviews skills for navigating the institutional review board process. Self-evaluation tools are reviewed, and solutions for improving research and writing skills are provided.
Knowledge Needed for Selecting Your Final Project Topic and Developing Your Proposal
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses the knowledge needed by students in applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education to write a research or scholarly proposal and complete their proposal (e.g., for a dissertation or thesis). The chapter begins with factors to consider when students select their final project topic, including their passion, project chairs and committee members, the project’s purpose and rationale, strengths and limitations of various research designs and scholarly projects, proposed methods, timeline, and fit with initial career goals. A worksheet of factors to consider is included to help students select a topic. The purpose of a proposal, as well as its key written components, is delineated. Research concepts related to writing a solid research proposal are then reviewed, including ethics, measure selection, and data analytic planning. An overview of the proposal defense or meeting is provided.
Attitudes about Research after Your Final Project and Beyond
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 focuses on attitudes about research after completing a final research or scholarly project (e.g., a dissertation or thesis) in an applied graduate program in psychology, mental health, or education. First, the chapter describes ways to let go while staying in touch with mentors and collaborators. Second, it discusses the process of transitioning into an early career professional. Third, it describes methods and attitudes for continued lifelong learning, including engaging in continued professional development, continuing education, professional journals, self-evaluation, and self-care. It then reviews decisions about commitment and focus for the future. Examples of students’ postgraduate experiences and final thoughts are provided.
Quantitative proteomics reveals extensive lysine ubiquitination and transcription factor stability states in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Gaoyuan , Montes Christian , Olatunji Damilola , Malik Shikha , Ji Chonghui , Clark Natalie M , Pu Yunting , Kelley Dior R , Walley Justin W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Protein activity, abundance, and stability can be regulated by post-translational modification including ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is conserved among eukaryotes and plays a central role in modulating cellular function; yet, we lack comprehensive catalogs of proteins that are modified by ubiquitin in plants. In this study, we describe an antibody-based approach to enrich ubiquitinated peptides coupled with isobaric labeling to enable quantification of up to 18-multiplexed samples. This approach identified 17,940 ubiquitinated lysine sites arising from 6,453 proteins from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary roots, seedlings, and rosette leaves. Gene ontology analysis indicated that ubiquitinated proteins are associated with numerous biological processes including hormone signaling, plant defense, protein homeostasis, and metabolism. We determined ubiquitinated lysine residues that directly regulate the stability of three transcription factors, CRYPTOCHROME-INTERACTING BASIC-HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1 (CIB1), CIB1 LIKE PROTEIN 2 (CIL2), and SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) using in vivo degradation assays. Furthermore, codon mutation of CIB1 to create a K166R conversion to prevent ubiquitination, via CRISPR/Cas9-derived adenosine base editing, led to an early flowering phenotype and increased expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). These comprehensive site-level ubiquitinome profiles provide a wealth of data for future functional studies related to modulation of biological processes mediated by this post-translational modification in plants.
Bridging the gap: advancing gender equality in medical research
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Jiale , Ou-Yang Xu , Wan Mingzhong , Wang Yan , Zhang Guochao , Yi Hang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Gender inequality in medical research persists globally, hindering scientific innovation and social equity. Despite incremental progress, women remain underrepresented in authorship, funding, and leadership roles. This review explores the extent of gender disparities, their impact, and strategies to advance equity in the field.

Methods
We conducted a narrative review of studies retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on gender disparities in authorship, research funding, leadership, and editorial representation across regions and disciplines.

Results
Women are consistently underrepresented in medical research, with disparities in publication rates, grant awards, and conference participation. Key barriers include implicit biases, structural inequities, and socio-cultural norms. Promising interventions, such as targeted funding policies and mentorship programs, show potential but require broader adoption and evaluation.

Conclusion
Addressing gender inequality in medical research demands comprehensive reforms in academic evaluation, funding systems, and institutional policies, alongside sustained efforts to challenge societal biases.