bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery in Colonic Surgery
Authors: Paterson Hugh , Vadiveloo Thenmalar , Innes Karen , Balfour Angie , Atter Marek , Stoddart Andrew , Cotton Seonaidh , Arnott Robert , Aucott Lorna , Batham Zoe , Foo Irwin , MacLennan Graeme , Nimmo Susan , Speake Doug , Norrie John 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceDespite the recovery advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques, delayed return of gut function after colectomy is a common barrier to timely discharge from hospital.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of 2% perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion on return of gut function after elective minimally invasive colon resection.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe ALLEGRO trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted in 27 UK hospitals. A total of 590 adults scheduled for elective minimally invasive colon resection for benign or malignant disease were randomized 1:1 to 2% intravenous lidocaine or saline placebo. Enrollment occurred from August 13, 2018, to April 11, 2023, with a pause in recruitment from March 20, 2020, through July 6, 2020; final follow-up was on August 10, 2023.InterventionsThe intervention patients received 2% intravenous lidocaine administered as 1.5-mg/kg bolus at induction of anesthesia followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h for 6 or 12 hours. Control patients received 0.9% saline placebo for 6 or 12 hours.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients with return of gut function at 72 hours after surgery, defined by the GI-3 composite end point of tolerating diet (ingestion of food and drink without significant nausea or vomiting for 3 consecutive meals) and passage of flatus or stool. There were 11 secondary outcomes, including time to GI-3 recovery, time to GI-2 recovery (tolerance of oral diet and passage of stool), prolonged postoperative ileus, postoperative nausea and vomiting score, Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score, postoperative opioid consumption, Quality of Recovery–15, quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level), enhanced recovery protocol adherence, time to meeting medically defined criteria for discharge, and time to patient self-assessed readiness for discharge.ResultsThe trial enrolled 590 patients (295 intervention, 295 control); after 33 postrandomization exclusions, 557 patients were included (279 intervention, 278 control; 249 female patients [44.7%]; mean [SD] age, 66 [10.9] years); 532 (96%) received the randomized treatment. Return of gut function as defined by the GI-3 composite outcome was achieved at 72 hours by 160 patients (57.3%) in the intravenous lidocaine group vs 164 patients (59.0%) in the placebo group (adjusted absolute difference, −1.9% [95% CI, −8.0% to 4.2%]; relative risk, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.07]). There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in any of the 11 secondary end points.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients undergoing elective minimally invasive colon resection, perioperative administration of 2% intravenous lidocaine did not improve return of gut function at 72 hours.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN52352431
Targeting CNS Metastases in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Evolving Approaches Using Molecular Markers
Authors: Malhotra Jyoti , Mambetsariev Isa , Gilmore Gregory , Fricke Jeremy , Nam Arin , Gallego Natalie , Chen Bihong T. , Chen Mike , Amini Arya , Lukas Rimas V. , Salgia Ravi 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceCentral nervous system (CNS) metastases presenting as either brain parenchymal metastases or leptomeningeal metastases are diagnosed in up to 50% of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer during their disease course. While historically associated with a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options, the availability of an increasing number of targeted therapies with good CNS penetration has significantly improved clinical outcomes for these patients. This has occurred in parallel with a more nuanced understanding of prognostic factors.ObservationsMultiple clinical trials have reported that disease control can be observed with targeted therapies with adequate CNS penetration, particularly for patients with molecular alterations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and RET. For these tumors, systemic targeted therapy may be used first for the management of CNS metastases, prior to considering radiation therapy (RT). At the time of isolated progression in the CNS, RT may be considered for the progressing lesions with continuation of the same systemic therapy. For other molecular alterations as well as for patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors, data are not yet clear if systemic therapy is sufficient for untreated CNS metastases, and early RT may need to be integrated into the treatment planning. An increasing number of studies investigate the role that emerging techniques, such as the sequencing of tumor DNA from resected brain metastases tissue or cerebrospinal fluid or radiomics-based analysis of CNS imaging, can play in guiding treatment approaches.Conclusions and RelevanceWith multiple generations of targeted therapies now available, the treatment for CNS metastases should be tailored to the patients with consideration given to molecular testing results, CNS penetrance of systemic therapy, patient characteristics, and multidisciplinary review. More research is needed in understanding the clonal evolution of CNS metastases, and the development of novel therapeutics with CNS efficacy.
Primary Visual Pathway Changes in Individuals With Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rasdall Marselle A. , Cho Chloe , Stahl Amy N. , Tovar David A. , Lavin Patrick , Kerley Cailey I. , Chen Qingxia , Ji Xiangyu , Colyer Marcus H. , Groves Lucas , Longmuir Reid , Chomsky Amy , Gallagher Martin J. , Anderson Adam , Landman Bennett A. , Rex Tonia S. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceIndividuals with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often report vision problems despite having normal visual acuity and fundus examinations. Diagnostics are needed for these patients.ObjectiveTo determine if a battery of assessments or machine-learning approaches can aid in diagnosing visual dysfunction in patients with mild TBI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, observational, case-control study was conducted between May 2018 and November 2021. The study setting was at a level 1 trauma research hospital. Participant eligibility included adult males and females with recorded best-corrected visual acuity and normal fundus examination. Individuals in the case group had a history of mild TBI; controls had no history of TBI. Exclusion criteria included a history of ocular, neurological, or psychiatric disease, moderate-severe TBI, recent TBI, metal implants, age younger than 18 years, and pregnancy. Cases and controls were sex- and age-matched. Data analysis was performed from July 2023 to March 2024.ExposuresHistory of mild TBI in the case group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe single-session visit included the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and measurements of oculomotor function, optical coherence tomography, contrast sensitivity, visual evoked potentials, visual field testing, and magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsA total of 28 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.0 [12.8] years; 15 male [53.6%]) with mild TBI and 28 controls (mean [SD] age, 35.8 [8.5] years; 19 female [67.9%]) were analyzed. Participants with mild TBI showed reduced prism convergence test breakpoint (−8.38; 95% CI, −14.14 to −2.62; P = .008) and recovery point (−8.44; 95% CI, −13.82 to −3.06; P = .004). Participants with mild TBI also had decreased contrast sensitivity (−0.07; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.01; P = .04) and increased visual evoked potential binocular summation index (0.32; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63; P = .02). A subset of participants exhibited reduced peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, increased optic nerve/sheath size, and brain cortical volumes. Machine learning identified subtle differences across the primary visual pathway, including the optic radiations and occipital lobe regions, independent of visual symptoms.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this case-control study suggest that the visual system was affected in individuals with mild TBI, even in those who did not self-report vision problems. These findings support the utility of a battery of assessments or machine-learning approaches to accurately diagnose this population.
Macular Capillary Nonperfusion in Eyes With Stable Laser-Treated Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Thottarath Sridevi , Tsai Wei-Shan , Gurudas Sarega , Pearce Elizabeth , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Yamaguchi Taffeta Ching Ning , Sivaprasad Sobha 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSome eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated to stability with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) continue to lose vision without diabetic macular edema. One presumed cause is macular capillary nonperfusion (CNP)–associated ischemia or infarction. Natural history data of macular CNP might guide treatment trials for it.ObjectiveTo assess visual function and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes over 12 months in PRP-treated stable eyes with PDR and macular CNP.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a single center in the United Kingdom. Participants had stable laser-treated PDR in at least 1 eye with macular CNP and a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score of at least 54 (Snellen equivalent ≥20/80) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Recruitment was from December 2019 to August 2021 and follow-up for 12 months; data were analyzed from May to July 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChanges in BCVA, low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA), and OCTA metrics over 12 months using linear mixed-effects models with unstructured variance accounting for within-participant correlation between the eligible study eye and repeated measures across time.ResultsThe cohort included 63 participants and 88 eyes. The mean (SD) age was 57.4 (11.9) years; 41 were male (65.1%) and 22 female (34.9%). Mean BCVA and LLVA ETDRS letter scores were 77.52 (SD, 8.0; approximate Snellen equivalent, 20/32) and 68.33 (SD, 8.9; Snellen, 20/40) at baseline and 78.76 (SD, 8.3; Snellen 20/25) and 70.20 (SD, 8.1; Snellen, 20/40) at 12 months. However, 7 participants (9.3%) lost at least 5 letters of visual acuity at 12 months. Linear mixed-effects analysis showed the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area deteriorated over 12 months, with a mean increase of 1.80% (95% CI, 0.01%-3.63%; P = .05) at 6 months and 2.26% (95% CI, 0.29%-4.26%; P = .03) from baseline. Eyes that lost 5 or more letters had lower baseline superficial vascular density in both the 3 × 3–mm scan (mean [SD], 36.7 [4.8] vs 33.5 [2.0]; P = .006) and parafoveal area (38.7 [5.6] vs 34.7 [2.6]; P = .005). No association was found between a loss of 5 or more letters at 12 months and any baseline FAZ parameters.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that FAZ area deteriorated over 12 months in eyes with stable laser-treated peripheral retina in eyes and macular CNP. Vision loss was uncommon and more prevalent in eyes with decreased SVD at baseline rather than FAZ parameters. Longer trials may be required to observe more events of change of 5 or more letters.
Radar Signal Detection
Authors: Wang Minsheng , Chan Andrew K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOwing to the existence of noise and interference, radar signal detection has to be treated as a statistical problem, regardless of whether the signal under detection is deterministic. This statistical formalism of radar signal detection theory can be applied to all types of radar signals without restriction. To understand radar signal detection, noise has to be described quantitatively. A time‐limited deterministic signal can be described as a time series, and a periodic deterministic signal can be represented as a Fourier series. In contrast, noise cannot be represented as a deterministic function in the time or frequency domains. In other words, we cannot predict a noise‐contaminated radar signal with absolute certainty. However, with available noise information such as the expectation, the power, or even the probability distribution of noise, we can select a criterion on which to base our decision.
Alcohol induces α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans that kill U937 macrophages mediated by sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin 7 (Siglec 7)
Authors: Cheng Pi‐Wan , Hothpet Vishwanath‐Reddy , Bhat Ganapati , Bailey Kristina , Li Lei , Samuelson Derrick R. 
Published: November 2024

Alcohol misuse increases infections and cancer fatalities, but mechanisms underlying its toxicity are ill‐defined. We show that alcohol treatment of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells leads to inactivation of giantin‐mediated Golgi targeting of glycosylation enzymes. Loss of core 2 N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, which uses only giantin for Golgi targeting, coupled with shifted targeting of other glycosylation enzymes to Golgi matrix protein 130‐Golgi reassembly stacking protein 65, the site normally used by core 1 enzyme, results in loss of sialyl Lewis x and increase of sialyl Lewis a and α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans. The α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans induced by alcohol cause death of U937 macrophages mediated by sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin 7. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the cause of the toxic effects of alcohol and might contribute to the development of therapies to alleviate its toxicity.
Evaluation and Verification of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Systems
Authors: Bobenchik April M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A wide variety of antimicrobial susceptibility test systems are available to clinical microbiologists. This procedure provides guidance on evaluating and choosing a system or method appropriate for the laboratory. The primary focus should be on determination of the systems' capabilities, assessment of costs and workflow, and examination of performance data. This chapter describes a procedure for analyzing results generated from evaluating a new system in comparison with those generated from a reference system. Some of the suggestions in this protocol can be considered to fulfill the verification requirements. The chapter covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.
Inhibiting DNA Sensing Pathway Controls Steroid Hyporesponsive Lung Inflammation
Authors: Mdkhana Bushra , Saheb Sharif‐Askari Narjes , Cagliani Roberta , Al‐Sheakly Baraa Khalid Saleh , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Saheb Sharif‐Askari Fatemeh , Hachim Ibrahim Yaseen , Hamid Qutayba , Rawas‐Qalaji Mutasem , Halwani Rabih 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA damage underlies the progression of asthma toward a severe, steroid hyporesponsive phenotype. The accumulation of double‐stranded DNA within the cytosol triggers the activation of cytosolic DNA‐sensing pathways, notably the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. However, the precise role of STING in driving steroid hyporesponsiveness remains elusive and warrants further investigation. This study evaluates STING levels in human bronchial fibroblasts from severe asthmatic patients and in lung homogenates from a steroid hyporesponsive lung inflammation mouse model. STING level is assessed at baseline, post house dust mites (HDM) stimulation, and following treatment with dexamethasone and STING inhibitor. The effect of STING inhibitors on regulating steroid hyporesponsiveness particularly glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐α/GR‐β ratio is also examined. Severe asthmatic fibroblasts exhibit elevated STING/IFN‐I pathway activation, further heightened by HDM and a similar pattern is seen in lung homogenates from steroid hyporesponsive mice. Dexamethasone combined with an STING inhibitor reduces STING activity, while dexamethasone alone is ineffective. Interestingly, the STING inhibitor restores steroid sensitivity by increasing the GRα/GRβ ratio. Furthermore, nanoparticle‐encapsulated STING inhibitor more effectively reduces airway hyperresponsiveness and restores steroid sensitivity than the free inhibitor. These findings emphasize STING's role in severe asthma pathogenesis, proposing nanoparticle delivery of STING inhibitors as a promising therapeutic strategy.
A Method for Fabricating Tissue‐Specific Extracellular Matrix Blocks From Decellularized Tissue Powders
Authors: Negishi Jun , Yamaguchi Ayana , Tanaka Dan , Hashimoto Yoshihide , Zhang Yongwei , Funamoto Seiichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDecellularized tissues retain the extracellular matrix (ECM), shape, and composition that are unique to the source tissue. Previous studies using decellularized tissue lysates and powders have shown that tissue‐specific ECM plays a key role in cellular function and wound healing. However, creating decellularized tissues composed of tissue‐specific ECM with customizable shapes and structures for use as scaffolding materials remains challenging. In this study, a method for compacting decellularized tissue powder into blocks is developed using cold isostatic pressing (CIP). Custom‐shaped ECM blocks and composite ECM blocks are fabricated using silicone molds. Additionally, an ECM block with a two‐layer structure is obtained through a two‐step CIP process. Cells are observed to infiltrate porous ECM blocks that are created using sodium chloride and transglutaminase. These results highlight the development of an effective method for producing ECM blocks using CIP with customizable shapes, compositions, and structures, making them suitable for use as cell culture scaffolds.
Selective Laser Melted High Mg‐Content Al–Si–Mg–Zr Aluminum Alloy with the Formation of Stacking Faults
Authors: Jia Hao‐Jin , Su Na , Gao Xing , Zhang Zhi‐Jie , Geng Yao‐Xiang , Chen Liang‐Yu 
Published: November 2024

The currently applied selective laser melted (SLMed) Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloys generally exhibit low strength. Increasing the Mg content is an effective method to enhance the strength of those alloys. However, an excessive Mg content reduces their processability and plasticity. Herein, Zr is chosen as the alloying element to enhance the processability and plasticity of the SLMed high Mg‐content Al–Si–Mg alloy. The results demonstrate that the alloying of the Zr element is beneficial for improving the alloy's processability and mechanical properties through grain refinement. Besides, the high‐concentration solid solution of low‐stacking fault energy (SFE) elements, including Mn, Zr, and Mg, effectively reduces the SFE of the alloy, thereby promoting the formation of stacking faults. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the alloy are 388 ± 3, 503 ± 6 MPa, and 5.1 ± 1%, respectively. The strength of the present alloy is higher than that of previously reported SLMed Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloys.
Boosting OECT Performance with PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles in Hydrophobic Channels
Authors: Ho Po Yuen , Ditzer Oliver , Solgi Ali , Zhang Haoran , Thümmler Ronja , Al‐Hussein Mahmoud , Kleemann Hans , Sun Ningwei , Lissel Franziska S.‐C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) require organic mixed ion‐electron conductors (OMIECs) (i.e., hydrophilic materials supporting electron and ion transportation) as active materials. However, high‐performance OMIECs grafted with hydrophilic side chains are difficult to synthesize and purify, and often suffer from swelling during operation. In contrast, the synthetic pathways toward a broad range of hydrophobic polymeric semiconductors used in classic organic‐field‐effect transistors are well established, and several are even commercially available. Yet, these hydrophobic materials do not intrinsically support ionic transport, limiting their application in OECTs. Here, poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are incorporated into conventional hydrophobic polymeric semiconductors like poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT), improving not only ionic but also electronic transport. The hydrophilic AuNPs modify P3HT crystallite orientation, shorten lamellar and π–π distances, and create pathways for ion penetration, as evidenced by GIWAXS and AFM studies. With 5 wt% AuNP loading, OECTs achieve µC* of 98 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, comparable to hydrophilic materials. The strategy also works for other polymer systems, offering a facile method to utilize hydrophobic materials in OECTs and boost their performance.
Multi‐Functional Self‐Sensing Electronic Gasket for Structural Health Monitoring of Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Cao Yunqi , Chi Haozhen , Zhu Ziying , Fan Shuyu , Zhang Yicheng , Tang Yongkui , Hou Dibo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn advancing “smart city” initiatives, multi‐functional sensing devices are crucial for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of key infrastructures. This study presents a self‐sensing sealing electronic gasket (e‐gasket) featuring multi‐modal interdigitated‐electrode‐based sensors for underground pipeline damage assessments, via simultaneously detected distribution information of contact pressure and relative humidity (RH). Detecting performance is enhanced through functional surface coatings and optimized pore size of the porous foam layer. An equivalent decoupling model for precise detection is established by analyzing the electrical responses of capacitance and impedance, and a rough estimation method relying on relative response is investigated to reduce the energy consumption and enhance monitoring efficiency. It demonstrates excellent multi‐modal sensing capabilities, repeatability, and stability over the long term. Experimental results verify the effectiveness in condition detection, fault classification, damage severity assessment, and early warning functions of the e‐gasket, enabling comprehensive SHM.
Shape‐Control in Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis: A Fast Route to Size‐Tunable Iron Oxide Nanocubes with Benchmark Magnetic Heat Losses
Authors: Mekseriwattana Wid , Silvestri Niccolò , Brescia Rosaria , Tiryaki Ecem , Barman Jugal , Mohammadzadeh Farshad Gorji , Jarmouni Nabila , Pellegrino Teresa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIron oxide nanocubes (IONCs) are among the most promising materials in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) for tumor therapy as they can efficiently convert magnetic energy into heat under alternating magnetic field (AMF). Conventional IONCs syntheses are based on thermal decomposition methods, limited by the long reaction time (hours) and milligram‐scale production; while, solvothermal methods produce gram‐scale amount of high quality IONCs, but, reaction times are of the orders of hours. In this work, a microwave‐assisted route to shape‐control IONCs in which the reaction time is reduced to minutes while achieving a high iron conversion yield up to 80% is reported. The size of the IONCs (range 13–30 nm) is coarse‐tuned by adjusting the amount of benzaldehyde ligand, while fine‐size tuning is achieved by changing temperature and minute‐reaction time. IONCs exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at 298 K with saturation magnetization over 80 emu gIONC−1 and possess high specific absorption rate values (SAR) up to 400 W gFe−1 at clinical AMF conditions. These results mark a milestone for rapid synthesis of IONCs at high yield conversion of well‐defined size and shape nanocubes with benchmark MHT heat performance while using a fast route, with limited energy consumption which makes this method greener and cheaper than previous ones.