bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autopsy of refractory lining in anode kilns with open and closed design
Authors: Brandvik Trond , Wang Zhaohui , Ratvik Arne Petter , Grande Tor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAluminosilicate refractory lining constitutes a major part of anode baking kilns, and during anode baking the lining is exposed to harsh conditions which limits the lifetime. Here, autopsies of refractory linings from both an open and closed top furnace are reported aiming to determine the microstructural and mineralogical changes in the lining during operation. Significant variations in density and porosity were observed, both across the brick cross sections, but also for the vertical position in the lining. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the bricks were investigated by electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Only minor changes in the mineralogical composition of the materials were observed, and sodium originating from green anodes was only observed to a minor degree. Evidence of silicon oxide transport from the lower to the upper part of the linings was observed, reflecting the changes in reducing‐oxidizing conditions during an anode baking cycle. The main degradation mechanisms in these linings were due to densification of the material over time, particularly the uneven densification across a lining wall. The present findings are discussed and related to the main differences in the two furnace designs.
Dilute Russell viper venom time interpretation and clinical correlation: A two‐year retrospective institutional review
Authors: Jacquot Cyril , Wool Geoffrey D. , Kogan Scott C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) detects lupus anticoagulant (LA). International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) guidelines specify positivity criteria, which differ from the assay manufacturer's criteria.MethodsTwo years of dRVVT testing at our institution were reviewed. For patients with prolonged dRVVT screening times, we evaluated dRVVT results by ISTH and manufacturer's criteria and correlated with the results of other antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) testing (LA‐sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time and antiphospholipid antibodies) and with history of thromboembolism and other APS manifestations.ResultsApproximately one‐fifth of dRVVTs exhibited a prolonged screening time. Among first prolonged dRVVTs, 35% were positive by both ISTH and manufacturer criteria, 44% met neither criteria, and 20% were equivocal (positive by only ISTH or manufacturer). Positivity by ISTH guidelines alone correlated better with other positive APS tests than manufacturer criteria positivity. Positive dRVVTs by both criteria correlated even more strongly with other positive APS assays. We investigated the likelihood of eventual APS diagnosis depending on the testing indication. No patient tested for LA solely for prolonged screening aPTT was subsequently diagnosed with APS. In patients with thrombosis, prolonged dRVVT clotting time not meeting both ISTH and manufacturer criteria was rarely associated with eventual APS diagnosis.ConclusionWe examined the correlation of dRVVT results with other APS testing and clinical outcomes. Interpretation method impacted how dRVVT results related to other APS testing, and, in limited data, to clinical findings. Patients with prolonged dRVVTs meeting only one set of positivity criteria rarely received an APS diagnosis.
Preparation of Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped citrate microstructure fiber of large mode field and its 3.0 μm laser performance
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Jin Danyang , Lan ZhiDan , Bai XueMei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe double‐cladding Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped bismuth germanium gallate microstructure fiber of large mode, with the core diameter of 30.6 μm, the inner cladding air pore diameter of about 3.06 μm and a lattice constant of 10.2 μm is prepared by a bundle‐drawing method. The spectral characteristics at 975 nm wavelength were studied and the results show that the maximum fluorescence intensity and the high gain quality factor of the fiber core glass can be obtained when the molar ratio of Er3+ to Yb3+ is 0.5%:2% and its emission cross section is up to 10.9 × 10−21 cm2. A stable laser output with a maximum power of 51.16 mW and a wavelength of 2710 nm was obtained in a microstructure optical fiber with a length of 160 mm employing a independently constructed fiber laser with a cascade structure, whose pump light power was 561 mW, the slope efficiency was 6.89%, the effective mode field area is about 576 μm2 and the beam quality factor M2 < 1.02. The double‐cladding Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped bismuth germanium gallate microstructure fiber of large mode has excellent laser properties and is an ideal optical fiber material for the development of the 3.0 μm laser.
Competitive growth of Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramics during directional solidification: Effect of interfacial energy
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhong Yujie , Sun Qian , Qi Dongqing , Yan Fuxue , Xian Quangang , Wang Dong , Du Kui , Wang Jingyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe microstructure evolution and growth behavior of the Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)/ZrO2 ternary eutectic ceramics during directional solidification were well investigated. During directional solidification of the Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary eutectic ceramics, {} Al2O3 paralleled with {001}ZrO2 while they did not parallel with {001}YAG at the same time in the competitive growth stage. All of the interfaces parallel to each other finally. The area percentage of the Al2O3/ZrO2 and YAG/ZrO2 interfaces are 40.4 ± 0.2% and 30.8 ± 0.1%, respectively, higher than that of the Al2O3/YAG (28.8 ± 0.2%). The content of Al2O3 and YAG phases are 39.9% and 41.1%, respectively, almost double of that of ZrO2. The interfaces of Al2O3/ZrO2 and YAG/ZrO2 are shorter and more dispersed than that of the Al2O3/YAG. It was found that the interfacial energy of Al2O3/ZrO2 and YAG/ZrO2 interfaces are lower than that of Al2O3/YAG. It can be concluded that interfacial energy plays a decisive role in affecting the crystallographic orientation and interfaces distribution in the Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic since the interfaces of Al2O3/ZrO2 and YAG/ZrO2 with lower interfacial energy can be formed more easily during directional solidification. Therefore, the contents of Al2O3/ZrO2 and YAG/ZrO2 interfaces are higher. This study can provide theoretical guidance for interface design of multi‐phase materials.
Strain rate dependence of the contribution of surface diffusion to bulk sintering viscosity
Authors: Delannay Francis , Brassart Laurence 
Published: September 2018

AbstractModeling of bulk sintering viscosity usually neglects the contribution of pore surface diffusion with respect to grain‐boundary diffusion. This approximation is questionable at the high densification rates used today in advanced fast sintering techniques. A two‐dimensional analysis of the problem shows that the influence of surface diffusion on bulk viscosity at high strain rate can be decomposed as the sum of two terms: a term linked to the change in pore surface curvature and a term linked to the change in grain‐boundary size. The computational procedure relies on the partition of pore profile evolution into a transient component accounting for non‐densifying phenomena and an asymptotic component accounting for strain‐rate‐controlled phenomena. The largest impact of surface diffusion is found to arise from the change in grain‐boundary size. It follows a transition from Newtonian viscosity at low strain rate to non‐Newtonian viscosity which, during densification, increases nearly linearly with strain rate. In some conditions, viscosity can then reach more than twice the value estimated when neglecting pore surface diffusion. Reversely, expansion is accompanied by a decrease in grain‐boundary size which causes a decrease in viscosity and can lead to grain separation at high strain rate.
Potential need for expanded pharmacologic treatment and lifestyle modification services under the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline
Authors: Ritchey Matthew D. , Gillespie Cathleen , Wozniak Gregory , Shay Christina M. , Thompson‐Paul Angela M. , Loustalot Fleetwood , Hong Yuling 
Published: September 2018

Application of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline expands the number of US adults requiring blood pressure (BP) management. The authors use 2011‐2014 NHANES data to describe the population groups most affected by the new guideline, compared with the previous JNC‐7 guideline, and describe the previous interaction with the health care sector among those adults recommended new or intensified pharmacologic treatment and/or lifestyle modification. The 2017 Hypertension Guideline reclassifies 32.3 million US adults as newly hypertensive and recommends BP‐related treatment of 133.7 million adults, including 57.8 million with uncontrolled BP recommended to initiate or intensify pharmacologic treatment and 50.5 million newly recommended lifestyle modification alone. An estimated 13.1 million (22.7%) adults recommended to initiate or intensify pharmacologic treatment, and 20.6 million (40.8%) adults newly recommended lifestyle modification alone report not having established health care linkages. Among the adults newly recommended lifestyle modification alone, the odds of reclassification from no recommended intervention, under JNC‐7, to recommended lifestyle modification alone were lower for adults with established linkages to care (aOR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.67‐0.91]) compared to those without, decreased with increasing age, were greater for men (1.72 [1.52‐1.94]) compared to women and were greater for obese adults (1.23 [1.00‐1.53]) compared with normal or underweight adults. Application of the 2017 Hypertension Guideline increases the number and alters the distribution of US adults in need of initiating or intensifying BP treatment. This includes identifying millions of US adults who previously had limited interaction with health care and are now recommended new or intensified pharmacologic treatment and/or lifestyle modification.
Relationship between thyroid function and elevated blood pressure in euthyroid adults
Authors: Gu Yeqing , Zheng Lixiao , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Yao Zhanxin , Wu Hongmei , Xia Yang , Bao Xue , Shi Hongbin , Wang Honglei , Xu Haiyan , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: September 2018

Thyroid hormones (THs) have profound effects on cardiovascular functions, suggesting that THs may contribute to the development of elevated blood pressure (BP). Few studies, however, have systematically assessed the relationship between THs and elevated BP. We therefore conducted a cross‐sectional study to examine how serum THs concentrations are related to the prevalence of elevated BP in a euthyroid population. This study (n = 12 487) was performed in Tianjin, China. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Elevated BP was defined according to the JNC 8 criteria. Analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between FT3, FT4, and TSH quartiles and elevated BP. The multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of elevated BP for gradual increase in the FT3, FT4, and TSH quartiles, when compared to the lowest quartiles were 1.08 (0.97, 1.21), 1.24 (1.12, 1.39), and 1.32 (1.18, 1.47); 1.18 (1.06, 1.32), 1.18 (1.06, 1.31), and 1.24 (1.11, 1.38); 1.06 (0.96, 1.19), 1.06 (0.95, 1.18), and 1.03 (0.93, 1.15), respectively. Our study demonstrated that FT3 and FT4 are positively related to the prevalence of elevated BP in euthyroid adults, but no significant relationship was found between TSH and elevated BP.
Repair of aged bulk‐fill composite with posterior composite: Effect of different surface treatments
Authors: Ayar Muhammet Kerim , Guven Mehmet Esad , Burduroglu Hatice Defne , Erdemir Fatih 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn the present study, the ability of posterior resin composite to repair aged bulk‐fill resin composite and vice versa were assessed by shear bond strength testing.Materials and MethodsResin composite substrates were aged and surfaces were abraded with abrasive papers, then bulk‐fill substrates were repaired with posterior resin composite and vice versa using different surface treatments (no surface treatment [control]; etching with 37% phosphoric acid [H3PO4] for 20 seconds; etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid [HF] for 20 seconds; etching with 37% H3PO4 for 20 seconds + adhesive application; etching with 10% HF for 20 seconds + adhesive application; adhesive application only). Shear bond strengths (SBS) were then measured and surface roughness values (Ra) were determined. Cohesive strengths of nonaged resin composites were measured and used as reference groups. Resin composite surfaces after acid etching were evaluated by SEM. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's LSD tests (P < .05).ResultsANOVA showed that resin composite repair type did not affect SBS significantly (P = .850), while it showed that surface treatments significantly affected the SBS (P = .000). Only a combination of etching with 10% HF for 20 seconds with resin adhesive application provided similar SBS values with those of the positive control.ConclusionsIt was concluded that the aged bulk‐fill resin composite would be effectively repaired with conventional posterior resin composite or vice versa if proper repair protocol was deployed.Clinical SignificanceThe combination of 10% HF etching and adhesive application would provide efficient repair strength when the aged bulk fill resin composite is repaired with conventional posterior resin composite or vice versa.
Color stability of a bis‐acryl composite resin subjected to polishing, thermocycling, intercalated baths, and immersion in different beverages
Authors: Macedo Maria Gracinda F. P. , Volpato Claudia A. M. , Henriques Bruno A. P. C. , Vaz Paula C. S. , Silva Filipe S. , Silva César F. C. L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the color of a bis‐acryl resin after polishing, aging, and colorants.Materials and MethodsFrom the 140 disks obtained, 35 were not polished (NP), 35 were polished with 3‐μm (3P), 35 with 3‐ and 1‐μm (1P), and 35 with 3‐, 1‐, and 0.5‐μm sized particles (05P). Five disks of each group were thermocycled for 20, 100, and 200 cycles. Sixty disks were thermocycled and kept in beverages (tea, wine, and coffee) after four cycles. Sixty disks were immersed in the beverages for 24 hours, a week, and a month. The coordinates L*a*b* were measured and the color differences were analyzed by ANOVA. The lightness, chroma, and hue differences were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. Comparisons were made with Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsSimilar behaviors were observed between 3P and 05P groups (1.53 and 1.95ΔE00) (P < .05). The NP group submitted to 200 cycles showed the biggest color differences (3.02) (P = .003). The greatest color differences were observed in the NP group submitted to immersion in coffee (8.30) and wine (7.93) (P < .05).ConclusionsThe polished surfaces were the least stained. Coffee and wine provided the greatest color changes, both for baths and immersions.Clinical SignificancePolishing of provisional surfaces restorations made of bis‐acrylic resin is essential to minimize staining caused by aging and use of colorants, regardless of the particle size present in the polishing paste. The contact with coffee and red wine should be avoided, especially for clinical times greater than 1 week.
Interventions for dental fluorosis: A systematic review
Authors: Di Giovanni Tamara , Eliades Theodore , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveDental fluorosis has considerable implications on the patients' quality of life. The present study assesses the comparative effectiveness of the various interventions for the treatment of fluorosed enamel.Materials and MethodsNine databases were searched from inception to December 2016 for randomized trials. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, mean differences (MD) or Relative Risks and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and assessed with the GRADE approach.ResultsSix trials with a total of 348 patients (at least 40% male/60% female) with a mean age of 17.7 years treated with bleaching, microabrasion, or resin infiltration were included. Evidence of low quality indicated that microabrasion resulted in smaller esthetic improvement compared to bleaching (MD = −2.9; 95% CI = −3.4 to −2.5). Evidence of moderate quality indicated that compared to bleaching a greater esthetic improvement was seen with resin infiltration (MD = 3.6; 95% CI = 2.7‐4.6) or a combination of bleaching with resin infiltration (MD = 3.5; 2.8‐3.7). However, all comparisons were supported from single trials and therefore caution is warranted.ConclusionsBased on the existing limited evidence, resin infiltration seems to be the most promising treatment for dental fluorosis, followed by bleaching and microabrasion.Clinical SignificanceFor this systematic review, which was registered beforehand in PROSPERO (CRD42016053492), we synthesized evidence from existing randomized clinical trals on humans to see which treatment is most effective for the esthetic rehabilitation of dental fluorosis, the prevalence of which is seeing a worldwide steady increase. We found that resin infiltration seems to be the most effective treatment approach for lesions of mild to moderate severity, followed by bleaching, and finally microabrasion.Our study's strengths are its a priori registration, wide search, quality check according to Cochrane guidelines, and the use of a new robust analytic method to provide valid clinical recommendations according to the principles of evidence‐based medicine.
Auxiliary UV light devices for removal of fluorescent resin residues after bracket debonding
Authors: Salomão Fabio Martins , Rocha Rafael Santos , Franco Laura Molinar , Sundfeld Renato Herman , Bresciani Eduardo , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this clinical report was to describe the detection of fluorescent resin residue after orthodontic bracket debonding with two UV light devices and analyze the surface morphology of enamel after 1 year.Clinical considerationsA 22‐year‐old woman had orthodontic brackets removed by a previous dentist; however, resin residue was left on the enamel of the maxillary teeth. After confirming the fluorescent property of the resin, different protocols were used for each half of the maxillary arch. The first method, a black light lens was attached to a light‐curing device to detect resin fluorescence, followed by polishing with silicone rubber tips. The second method used a light emitting diode light system attached to and activated by a high‐speed handpiece, followed by polishing with discs. Both methods were completed with diamond polishing paste applied with felt discs. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made initially, after residue removal, after finishing and after polishing for morphologic analysis. The results were evaluated with photographs and the scanning electron microscope images made of resin casts from the impressions. A follow‐up was made after 1 year.ConclusionsBoth methods yielded a satisfactory clinical outcome, with a smooth surface, acceptable surface gloss and minimal tooth wear. The use of a UV device that excites fluorescence is recommended for the controlled removal of resin residue on enamel.Clinical SignificanceThe controlled removal of resin residue from enamel after orthodontic treatment is challenging but can be improved with auxiliary methods for detecting resin residues. This clinical report describes two types of devices that excite fluorescent resins in a more rapid and precise technique to guide the practitioner in the controlled removal of residual resin on teeth.
Contrasting degrees of recrystallization of carbonaceous material in the Nelson aureole, British Columbia and Ballachulish aureole, Scotland, with implications for thermometry based on Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material
Authors: Beyssac Oliver , Pattison David R. M. , Bourdelle Franck 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe degree of recrystallization of carbonaceous material (CM), as monitored by Raman microspectroscopy, was examined as a function of metamorphic grade in two well‐studied contact aureoles containing carbonaceous pelites: the Nelson aureole, British Columbia and the Ballachulish aureole, Scotland. Here, we use (a) the R2 ratio extracted from the Raman spectrum of CM as a proxy for the degree of graphitization (0.0 in perfect graphite then increasing with structural defects) and (b) the second‐order S1 band (~2,700 cm−1) as a marker for the tridimensional ordering of CM. The Nelson aureole (garnet–staurolite–andalusite–sillimanite–K‐feldspar sequence, ~550–650°C, 3.5–4.0 kbar) was developed in rocks that were unmetamorphosed prior to contact metamorphism, whereas the Ballachulish aureole (cordierite–andalusite–K‐feldspar–sillimanite sequence, ~550–700°C, ~3.0 kbar) was developed in rocks that had been metamorphosed to garnet grade conditions (~7 kbar, ~500°C) c. 45 Ma before contact metamorphism. Thirty‐one samples were examined from Nelson and 29 samples from Ballachulish. At Nelson, the R2 ratio steadily decreases from ~0.25 to 0.0 as the igneous contact is approached, whereas at Ballachulish, the R2 ratio remains largely unchanged from regional values (~0.20–0.25) until less than 100 m from the igneous contact. The second‐order S1 band reveals that carbonaceous material (CM) was transformed to highly “ordered” locally tridimensional graphitic carbon at Ballachulish by regional metamorphism prior to contact metamorphism, whereas CM was still a disordered turbostratic (bidimensional) material before contact metamorphism in the case of Nelson. Pretexturation of CM likely induced sluggish recrystallization of CM and delayed graphitization in the Ballachulish aureole. Temperatures of recrystallization of the CM in the two aureoles were estimated using different published calibrations of the thermometry based on Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (RSCM), with differences among the calibrations being minor. In the Nelson aureole, temperatures are in reasonable agreement with those indicated by the metapelitic phase equilibria (all within 50°C, most within 25°C). In the Ballachulish aureole, the retarded crystallization noted above results in increasing underestimates of temperatures compared to the metapelitic phase equilibria (up to ~75°C too low within 200 m of the igneous contact). Our study calls for careful attention when using RSCM thermometry in complexly polymetamorphosed rocks to assess properly the meaning of the calculated temperature.