bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese affects the growth and metabolism ofGanoderma lucidumbased on LC-MS analysis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhou Jie , Li Qiang , Gan Bingcheng , Peng Weihong , Zhang Xiaoping , Tan Wei , Jiang Lin , Li Xiaolin 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAs a metal-enriched edible fungus,Ganoderma lucidumis capable of adsorbing manganese effectively. And the manganese ion is demonstrated to play an important role in the synthesis of manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and other physiological activities duringG. lucidumgrowth. Recently, the influence of manganese on the metabolites ofG. lucidumfruiting bodies can be revealed through metabonomics technique.MethodsIn this study, we uncovered the changes between the control and 200 mg/kg Mn-treated fruiting bodies with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsThe mycelial growth rate, dry yield, Mnp activity , total polysaccharide content, triterpenoid content, and total manganese content in the mature fruiting bodies ofG. lucidumchanged between the control and different Mn-treated groups. Based on LC-MS method, a total of 16 significantly different metabolites were obtained and identified, among which, five presented significantly down-regulated and 11 up-regulated in Mn-treated samples. The metabolites chavicol and palmitoylethanolamide were particularly significantly up-regulated, and were found the strong promotion relationship. Dependent on the MetPA database, four KEGG pathways were detected and glycerophospholipid metabolism was most impacted, in which, choline was involved in.DiscussionThe added manganese ion in the substrate enhanced Mnp activities, and consequently promoted the mycelial growth, yield , metabolites in the fruiting bodies including triterpenoids, total manganese, chavicol, etc. Our finding can provide a theoretical reference to regulation of manganese on the physiological metabolism ofG. lucidum.
A novel conserved family of Macro-like domains—putative new players in ADP-ribosylation signaling
Authors: Dudkiewicz Małgorzata , Pawłowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2019

The presence of many completely uncharacterized proteins, even in well-studied organisms such as humans, seriously hampers a full understanding of the functioning of living cells. One such example is the human protein C12ORF4, which belongs to the DUF2362 family, present in many eukaryotic lineages and conserved in metazoans. The only functional information available on C12ORF4 (Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 4) is its involvement in mast cell degranulation and its being a genetic cause of autosomal intellectual disability.
Bioinformatics analysis of the DUF2362 family provides strong evidence that it is a novel member of the Macro clan/superfamily. Sequence similarity analysis versus other representatives of the Macro superfamily of ADP-ribose-binding proteins and mapping sequence conservation on predicted three-dimensional structure provides hypotheses regarding the molecular function for members of the DUF2362 family. For example, the available functional data suggest a possible role for C12ORF4 in ADP-ribosylation signaling in asthma and related inflammatory diseases.
This novel family appears to be a likely novel ADP-ribosylation “reader” and “eraser,” a previously unnoticed putative new player in cell signaling by this emerging post-translational modification.
Human Contamination and Schistosome Infection Intensity in Bulinid and Planorbid Snail Vectors in Kadawa Irrigation Area, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Ali M. U. , Umar U. A. , Yahaya A. , Lawal M. , Danhassan M. S. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives of the Study: An Epidemiological Research, a cross-sectional study, was conducted to determine the magnitude of human contamination of irrigation canal perimeter as it relates to the prevalence and intensity of schistosome cercarial infection in snail vectors.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted along water canal located within an irrigation area, Kano River Project Phase I, Kadawa, between January and June, 2012.
Methodology: The study area was categorized into Zone of Heavy Contamination (ZHC), Zone of Light Contamination (ZLC) and Zone of Free Contamination (ZFC) based on the density of faecal lumps observed along the canal perimeter using 1 m2 quadrat sampling technique. Snail vectors of schistosomiasis were collected from these zones, identified and subjected to cercarial shedding. Brevifurcate apharyngeate cercariae were identified as schistosome cercariae.
Results: Of the 827 snails collected 28.54% shed schistosome cercariae. The breakdown of infection prevalence was 31.37%, 27.69% and 26.26% for ZHC, ZLC and ZFC respectively. Three snail species recovered in the study area, Bulinus globosus, B. rohlfsi and Biomphalaria pfeifferi had infection intensity of 8.6, 5.67 and 3.94 respectively, with total mean intensity of 4.67. A Chi-squared analysis did not show any significant difference in infection prevalence in the three zones (χ2cal. 0.025, χ22, 0.05 = 5.99). However, infection intensity was significantly different in the three zones and among the three snail species using analysis of variance (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Human environmental contamination with faeces and urine around irrigation canals remains the source of infection to snail hosts and then to humans. It is presumed that contact control through avoidance of defaecation in the open and building of pit latrines near water contact points along irrigation canals will be effective means of drawing a barrier to infection with schistosomes in the study area.
Positive emotions, learning behavior and teacher support in self‐directed learning during adolescence: Do age and gender matter?
Authors: Schweder Sabine , Raufelder Diana 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt has already been shown that positive emotions can positively influence learning behavior. However, what is less known is whether teacher support mediates this relationship in adolescents of varying ages and genders in self‐directed learning (SDL) at school.MethodsData gathered with questionnaires given to 754 German students (Mage = 13.56; SD = 1.2; 49,4% female students) at two measurement times is used as the empirical basis of this study. To control for possible gender and age‐based differences in the interplay and extent of the variables, a multigroup structural equation model and latent mean comparison (LMC) were carried out, whereby four groups [female 6th/7th graders, male 6th/7th graders (earlier adolescence), female 8th/9th graders, male 8th/9th graders (middle adolescence)] were examined.ResultsAcross from the female 8th/9th graders as the reference group, the LMC showed that all other groups have significantly higher mean values for positive emotions. In addition, female 6th/7th graders report a significantly higher level of volition. Teacher support partly mediates all relations. Group differences in the interplay of the variables were excluded.ConclusionThe results of the study highlight the importance of teacher support when SDL is carried out in school. Thus, teacher support reduces the effects between positive emotions and learning behavior. This means that in self‐directed learning, even those students who develop weaker positive emotions are supported.
Bach à Berlin en 1829: une « redécouverte »?
Authors: Veit Patrice 
Published: May 2019

RésuméEn 1829 à Berlin est rejouée une œuvre qui n’avait plus été entendue depuis la mort de son auteur: laPassion selon saint Matthieude Johann Sebastian Bach. Cette audition acquiert une dimension historique, considérée dès cette époque comme l’acte de naissance de la « redécouverte » de Bach et de sa musique, et fait entrer du même coup la capitale prussienne dans l’histoire de la musique occidentale. À partir d’une démarche d’histoire urbaine et culturelle, cet article se propose d’étudier cet événement en reconstruisant notamment les sociabilités musicales berlinoises, en interrogeant le caractère de la référence à Bach au début du XIXesiècle, en examinant les conditions de l’œuvre et de son exécution ainsi que son interprétation cent ans environ après sa première représentation.
Psychological and biological mechanisms of cytokine induced depression
Authors: Hepgul Nilay , Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDepression is frequently seen in patients with medical illnesses yet the link between medical illnesses and depression remains unclear. There is increasing data to suggest that the array of depressive symptoms experienced by the medically-ill may involve inflammation. The activation of the immune system and the subsequent release of innate immune products such as cytokines can have important effects on behaviour. The treatment of choice for chronic viral hepatitis C, interferon-alpha IFN-α, acutely induces the production and release of other innate immune cytokines, and has been indicated to cause clinically significant depression in 30% of patients receiving treatment. This in turn can impair quality of life and affect treatment compliance. We and others use IFN-α induced depression as a model to identify alterations in psychological and biological pathways that predispose to depression in the medically-ill, and thus provide an explanatory link between inflammation and the subsequent behavioural changes. In this editorial, we aim to describe the main biological pathways involved in IFN-induced depression and to discuss psychological, clinical and biological factors that have been found to predict those who will develop more severe psychiatric symptoms during treatment with IFN-α. Among these, particular attention would be given to psychological traits, genetic polymorphisms regulating inflammation and serotonergic function, and changes in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
A predictive model to allocate frequent service users of community-based Mental Health Services to different packages of care
Authors: Grigoletti Laura , Amaddeo Francesco , Grassi Aldrigo , Boldrini Massimo , Chiappelli Marco , Percudani Mauro , Catapano Francesco , Fiorillo Andrea , Perris Francesco , Bacigalupi Maurizio , Albanese Paolo , Simonetti Simona , Agostini Paola De , Tansella Michele ,   The I-Psycost Group
Published: April 2019

SummaryAim– To develop predictive models to allocate patients into frequent and low service users groups within the Italian Community-based Mental Health Services (CMHSs). To allocate frequent users to different packages of care, identifing the costs of these packages.Methods– Socio-demographic and clinical data and GAF scores at baseline were collected for 1250 users attending five CMHSs. All psychiatric contacts made by these patients during six months were recorded. A logistic regression identified frequent service users predictive variables. Multinomial logistic regression identified variables able to predict the most appropriate package of care. A cost function was utilised to estimate costs.Results– Frequent service users were 49%, using nearly 90% of all contacts. The model classified correctly 80% of users in the frequent and low users groups. Three packages of care were identified: Basic Community Treatment (4,133 Euro per six months); Intensive Community Treatment (6,180 Euro) and Rehabilitative Community Treatment (11,984 Euro) for 83%, 6% and 11% of frequent service users respectively. The model was found to be accurate for 85% of users.Conclusion– It is possible to develop predictive models to identify frequent service users and to assign them to pre-defined packages of care, and to use these models to inform the funding of psychiatric care.
The methodological and conceptual aspects of mortality studies in psychiatry
Authors: Biggeri Annibale , Catelan Dolores 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn extensive literature documented a mortality differential for natural causes between psychiatric patients and the general population. Less clear is the pattern for cancer diseases. Methodological problems arise when trying to explain such mortality gap: selection bias and reverse causation; time-dependent confounders that are also intermediate variables; complex relationships within a life course have to be considered. We try to explain such problems in terms of causal graphs. Excess risk for causes of death which are not attributable to higher prevalence of risk factors or treatment side-effects and higher mortality rates for avoidable causes have been also documented. These findings underline the need for research on health promotion and preventive programs targeted to psychiatric patients.
Orbitofrontal cortex abnormalities in schizophrenia
Authors: Bellani Marcella , Cerruti Stefania , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating the volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex in patients suffering from schizophrenia are here presented, trying to elucidate its role for the pathophysiology and for the cognition of the disease.
Computational inference of the transcriptional regulatory network of Candida glabrata
Authors: Xu Nan , Liu Liming 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Candida glabrata is a major cause of candidiasis and the second most frequent opportunistic yeast pathogen. Its infectious and antifungal mechanisms are globally regulated by the transcription systems of pathogenic fungi. In this study, we reconstructed the genome-scale transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of C. glabrata, consisting of 6634 interactive relationships between 145 transcription factors and 3230 target genes, based on genomic and transcriptomic data. The C. glabrata TRN was found to have a typical topological structure and significant network cohesiveness. Moreover, this network could be functionally divided into several sub-networks, including networks involving carbon, nitrogen, growth-associated metabolic profiles, stress response to acidity, hyperosmosis, peroxidation, hypoxia and virulence. Furthermore, by integrating the genome-scale metabolic model of C. glabrata, six essential metabolites and eight related enzymes were systematically selected as drug targets. Overall, elucidation of the genome-scale TRN of C. glabrata has expanded our knowledge of the contents and structures of microbial regulatory networks and improved our understanding of the regulatory behaviors of growth, metabolism and gene expression programs in response to environmental stimuli.
Africa’s Energy Renewal: The Twin Challenges of Energy Deficit and Climate Change
Authors: Sy Amadou N R , Simbanegavi Witness , Ndung’u Njuguna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA significantly large energy deficit and high vulnerability to climate change seriously impede sub-Saharan Africa’s path towards sustainable and inclusive growth. The extent to which the region can leverage the opportunities offered by renewable energy is an important policy question with implications for economic research. This special issue argues that policy and institutional reforms as well as good governance will play an important role in opening up the energy sector to private investment and expanding the fiscal space. Such a constellation, by increasing investment in the energy sector, would allow for increased access to reliable and affordable electricity by both households and businesses, which should help unleash Africa’s potential. Several future areas of research are also identified.
Sperm-borne small RNAs regulate α-tubulin acetylation and epigenetic modification of early bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
Authors: Qu Pengxiang , Zuo Zhenzi , Liu Zhengqing , Niu Zhihan , Zhang Ying , Du Yue , Ma Xiaonan , Qiao Fang , Wang Mengyun , Zhang Yong , Qing Suzhu , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulated evidence indicates that sperm-borne small RNA plays a crucial role in embryonic development, especially the absence of the sperm-borne small RNA might be a major cause of the abnormal development of cloned embryos. In this study, we found that sperm-borne small RNA can affect abnormal pronuclear-like structures, postpone the timing of first embryo cleavage and enhance developmental competence of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In addition, the supplementation of sperm-borne small RNA can significantly increase live birth rates and decrease the birth weights of cloned offspring. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the levels of α-tubulin K40 acetylation (Ac α-tubulin K40) and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) during early embryo development were investigated in SCNT embryos with sperm-borne small RNA supplementation (termed as T-NT), compared to those normal SCNT embryos and embryos obtained from standard IVF. The results showed that sperm-borne small RNA can significantly decrease the H3K9me3 levels at the pronuclear and two-cell stages, while significantly increase Ac α-tubulin K40 levels at anaphase and telophase of bovine SCNT embryos during the first cleavage. Collectively, our study for the first time demonstrates that sperm-borne small RNA plays a crucial role in the developmental competence of SCNT embryos by regulating H3K9me3 and Ac α-tubulin K40. Further studies will be required to determine how sperm small RNA regulate the H3K9me3 and Acα-tubulin K40. Our study suggests that the supplementation of sperm-borne small RNA is a potential application to improve the cloning efficiency.
5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence-Guided Resection of 18F-FET-PET Positive Tumor Beyond Gadolinium Enhancing Tumor Improves Survival in Glioblastoma
Authors: Müther Michael , Koch Raphael , Weckesser Matthias , Sporns Peter , Schwindt Wolfram , Stummer Walter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe value of early postoperative18F-FET-PET in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is unclear. Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used for fluorescence-guided resections in these patients and previous data suggest that fluorescence and18F-FET-PET both demarcate larger tumor volumes than gadolinium enhanced magnet resonance imaging (MRI).OBJECTIVETo correlate fluorescence with enhancing volumes on postoperative MRI and18F-FET-PET tumor volumes, and determine the value of postoperative18F-FET-PET for predicting survival through observational study.METHODSGBM patients underwent fluorescence-guided resection after administration of 5-ALA followed by early postoperative MRI and18F-FET-PET for determination of residual tissue volumes. All patients were treated with standard temozolomide radiochemotherapy and monitored for progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS).RESULTSA total of 31 patients were included. For functional reasons, residual 5-ALA derived fluorescent tissue was left unresected in 18 patients with a median18F-FET-PET volume of 17.82 cm3(interquartile range 6.50-29.19). In patients without residual fluorescence, median18F-FET-PET volume was 1.20 cm3(interquartile range 0.87-5.50) and complete resection of gadolinium enhancing tumor was observed in 100% of patients. A18F-FET-PET volume of above 4.3 cm3was associated with worse OS (logrankP-value ≤ .05), also in patients with no residual contrast enhancing tumor on MRI. More patients in whom fluorescencing tissue had been removed completely had postoperative18F-FET-PET tumor volumes below 4.3 cm3.CONCLUSIONPostoperative18F-FET-PET volumes predict OS and PFS. Resection of 5-ALA derived fluorescence beyond gadolinium enhancing tumor tissue leads to lower postoperative18F-FET-PET tumor volumes and improved OS and PFS without additional deficits.
Behavioral syndromes shape evolutionary trajectories via conserved genetic architecture
Authors: Royauté Raphael , Hedrick Ann , Dochtermann Ned A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBehaviors are often correlated within broader syndromes, creating the potential for evolution in one behavior to drive evolutionary changes in other behaviors. Despite demonstrations that behavioral syndromes are common across taxa, whether this potential for evolutionary effects is realized has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that populations of field crickets (Gryllus integer) exhibit a genetically conserved behavioral syndrome structure despite differences in average behaviors. We found that the distribution of genetic variation and genetic covariance among behavioral traits was consistent with genes and cellular mechanisms underpinning behavioral syndromes rather than correlated selection. Moreover, divergence among populations’ average behaviors was constrained by the genetically conserved behavioral syndrome. Our results demonstrate that a conserved genetic architecture linking behaviors has shaped the evolutionary trajectories of populations in disparate environments—illustrating an important way by which behavioral syndromes result in shared evolutionary fates.
Tuning intercellular cohesion with membrane-anchored oligonucleotides
Authors: Hoffecker Ian T. , Arima Yusuke , Iwata Hiroo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCohesive interactions between cells play an integral role in development, differentiation, and regeneration. Existing methods for controlling cell-cell cohesion by manipulating protein expression are constrained by biological interdependencies, e.g. coupling of cadherins to actomyosin force-feedback mechanisms. We use oligonucleotides conjugated to PEGylated lipid anchors (ssDNAPEGDPPE) to introduce artificial cell-cell cohesion that is largely decoupled from the internal cytoskeleton. We describe cell-cell doublets with a mechanical model based on isotropic, elastic deformation of spheres to estimate the cohesion at the cell-cell interface. Physical manipulation of cohesion by modulating PEG-lipid to ssDNAPEGDPPE ratio, and conversely treatment with actin-depolymerizing cytochalsin-D, resulted respectively in decreases and increases in doublet contact area. Our data are relevant to the ongoing discussion over mechanisms of tissue surface tension and in agreement with models based on opposing cortical and cohesive forces. PEG-lipid modulation of doublet geometries resulted in a well-defined curve indicating continuity, enabling prescriptive calibration for controlling doublet geometry. Our study demonstrates tuning of basic doublet cohesion, laying the foundation for more complex multicellular cohesion control independent of protein expression.
De novo variants in population constrained fetal brain enhancers and intellectual disability
Authors: De Vas Matias G , Garstang Myles G , Joshi Shweta S , Khan Tahir N , Atla Goutham , Parry David , Moore David , Cebola Ines , Zhang Shuchen , Cui Wei , Lampe Anne K , Lam Wayne W , FitzPatrick David R , Ferrer Jorge , Pradeepa Madapura M , Atanur Santosh S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeThe genetic aetiology of a major fraction of patients with intellectual disability (ID) remains unknown. De novo mutations (DNMs) in protein-coding genes explain up to 40% of cases, but the potential role of regulatory DNMs is still poorly understood.MethodsWe sequenced 70 whole genomes from 24 ID probands and their unaffected parents and analyzed 30 previously sequenced genomes from exome-negative ID probands.ResultsWe found that DNVs were selectively enriched in fetal brain-specific enhancers that show purifying selection in human population. DNV containing enhancers were associated with genes that show preferential expression in the pre-frontal cortex, have been previously implicated in ID or related disorders, and exhibit intolerance to loss of function variants. DNVs from ID probands preferentially disrupted putative binding sites of neuronal transcription factors, as compared to DNVs from healthy individuals and most showed allele-specific enhancer activity. In addition, we identified recurrently mutated enhancer clusters that regulate genes involved in nervous system development (CSMD1, OLFM1 and POU3F3). Moreover, CRISPR-based perturbation of a DNV-containing enhancer caused CSMD1 overexpression and abnormal expression of neurodevelopmental regulators.ConclusionOur results, therefore, provide new evidence to indicate that DNVs in constrained fetal brain-specific enhancers play a role in the etiology of ID.