bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Müller’s Muscle-conjunctival Resection Combined With Tarsectomy for Treatment of Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Gazit Inbal , Gildener-Leapman Juliana , Or Lior , Burkat Cat N. , Pras Eran , Hartstein Morris E. 
Published: June 2019

The authors describe a retrospective case analysis of patients who underwent Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection combined with tarsectomy, for the treatment of congenital ptosis with moderate-to-good levator function, demonstrates excellent results.

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection combined with tarsectomy for the treatment of congenital ptosis.

Methods:
A retrospective, noncomparative case series was performed on 38 eyes of 36 patients who underwent Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection combined with tarsectomy for the treatment of congenital ptosis. Age range was 2–25 years (mean: 7.86 years). Follow-up measurements taken up to 4 years after procedure were compared with baseline values.

Results:
Thirty-six patients presenting with congenital ptosis underwent Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection combined with tarsectomy. All patients had fair-to-good levator function of 5–10 mm. A mean improvement in the margin reflex distance-1 of 2.79 mm (p value < 0.0001) was noted. All cases except one achieved excellent lid height and postoperative symmetry of the eyelids.

Conclusions:
Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection combined with tarsectomy is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of congenital ptosis in patients with moderate-to-good levator function. The surgery is rapid with quick recovery time. No complications were noted.
Impact of Rapid mecA Polymerase Chain Reaction Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Staphylococcus aureus in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Drwiega Emily N. , Nichols Kristen R. , Israel Emily N. , Knoderer Chad A. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Rapid mecA testing, in combination with antimicrobial stewardship intervention, has improved outcomes in adults with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia. In pediatric patients, data comparing rapid molecular testing to conventional susceptibility testing for methicillin resistance in SA are limited, and benefits have been observed only in combination with a coordinated real-time antimicrobial stewardship response. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of rapid mecA detection on time to optimal therapy in patients at a pediatric institution without a specific antimicrobial stewardship intervention.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study at a freestanding children’s hospital including patients with a blood culture positive for SA. Outcomes before and after the implementation of rapid mecA detection via use of GeneXpert MRSA/SA BC (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) were compared. The primary outcome was time to optimal therapy, which was defined as vancomycin alone for methicillin-resistant SA or nafcillin, oxacillin, or cefazolin alone for methicillin-susceptible SA.

Results
One hundred one patients were included, with 61 patients in the preimplementation period receiving conventional susceptibility testing only and 40 patients in the postimplementation period receiving rapid molecular mecA testing. The median (interquartile range) time (hours) to optimal therapy from culture collection was decreased from 61.5 (47.8–68.1) preimplementation to 42.5 (21.9–56.6; P = 0.003) postimplementation.

Conclusions
Despite lack of a protocol for response to molecular mecA test results, time to optimal therapy and vancomycin use were significantly decreased. Future studies are needed to assess the impact on infection-related outcomes and antibiotic adverse effects.
Not Just a Pill: Toward a Tailored Antismoking Intervention for Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Masiero Marianna , Renzi Chiara , Mazzocco Ketti , Pravettoni Gabriella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tobacco cigarette smoking is a serious epidemic that kills several million people each year. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of patients with respiratory diseases continue to smoke after diagnosis, despite the assistance offered, thus reducing the efficacy of the treatments prescribed by the health providers and dramatically increasing the mortality rate. International guidelines have advocated the importance of including smoking cessation protocols in the management of patients’ respiratory conditions and pointed out the need to deliver integrated and tailored interventions. Consistently with this framework, the commentary proposes a new clinical approach to smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases. This approach integrates, according to P5 personalized medicine, pharmacological and psychological aspects affecting smoking behaviors, overcoming the traditional approach mainly based on the pharmacological interventions.
Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Acetabular Labral Tear of the Hip
Authors: De Luigi Arthur Jason , Blatz Daniel , Karam Christopher , Gustin Zachary , Gordon Andrew H. 
Published: June 2019

Objective
This study aims to assess whether ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma can safely and effectively treat symptoms associated with acetabular hip labral tears.

Design
Institutional review board approval was gained for a prospective study of eight patients (N = 8), who have previously failed conservative management, to receive ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma at the site of hip labrum tear. We assessed pain reduction and functional ability at baseline and then 2, 6, and 8 wks after injection, using the visual analog scale and Harris Hip Score, respectively.

Results
Statistically significant differences in Harris Hip Score were seen 2 wks (86.5 ± 10.8, P < 0.01), 6 wks (88.0 ± 10.7) P < 0.01), and 8 wks (92.1 ± 11.6, P < 0.01) after injection as compared with baseline (76.0 ± 13.4). Corresponding improvements were seen in visual analog scale 2 wks (1.0, P < 0.01 at rest, 2.5, P < 0.01 with activity), 6 (0.9, P < 0.01 at rest, 2.3, P < 0.01 with activity), and 8 wks (0.5, P < 0.01 at rest, 1.3, P < 0.01 with activity) compared with baseline (3.8 at rest, 5.4 with activity).

Conclusions
Ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma holds promise as an emerging, minimally invasive technique toward symptom relief, reducing pain, and improving function in patients with hip labral tears.
Correlation Between Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Single Scan and Computed Tomography Perfusion for Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Initial Experience
Authors: Bao Jiaqi , Liu Aishi , Zhao Changhong , Hao Fen'e , Su Xiulan , Bao Lili , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2019

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the role and limit of iodine maps by dual-energy computed tomography (CT) single scan for pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Thirty patients with suspected solitary pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study and underwent CT perfusion and iodine maps. The parameters of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were calculated. Pearson correlation and paired t test were used for evaluating 2 techniques.

Results
Iodine concentration had a moderate positive correlation with blood flow or blood volume (P < 0.05 for both). All values of iodine concentration and blood flow, iodine concentration, and blood volume had significant positive correlations (P < 0.001 for both). The mean effective dose for CT perfusion and iodine maps had significant difference (8.61 ± 0.00 mSv vs 1.13 ± 0.14 mSv, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Iodine maps had the potential to replace routine CT perfusion for pancreatic cancer with low radiation dose.
Female platelets have distinct functional activity compared with male platelets: Implications in transfusion practice and treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Coleman Julia R. , Moore Ernest E. , Kelher Marguerite R. , Samuels Jason M. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Sauaia Angela , Banerjee Anirban , Silliman Christopher C. , Peltz Erik D. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND
Females are hypercoagulable and have survival benefit in trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). The mechanism for this sex-specific hypercoagulability is unknown. Platelets and platelet function are central in providing hemostatic potential and are the largest contributor to clot strength. Ligands (adenosine diphosphate [ADP] and platelet-activating factor [PAF]) bind distinct platelet receptors to potentiate activation and aggregation. We hypothesize that female platelets have a differential response to ADP and PAF, resulting in greater aggregation and activation compared to males, and that estradiol pretreatment of male or female platelets enhances this activity.

METHODS
Platelets were collected from healthy volunteers: premenopausal/postmenopausal females (≤54 years, >54 years) and similarly aged males. Platelet aggregometry and flow cytometry (fibrinogen binding capacity) were examined. After treatment with ADP or PAF, platelet aggregation was assessed with Chronolog and activation assessed by CD41 receptor surface expression using flow cytometry. Aggregation and activation were again assessed after platelet pretreatment with estradiol.

RESULTS
Healthy volunteers included 12 premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal females and 18 similarly aged males. Female platelets (combined premenopausal and postmenopausal) had increased aggregation with ADP stimulation, as compared to male platelets. Male and female platelets had differential fibrinogen receptor expression, with female platelets (combined premenopausal and postmenopausal) demonstrating robust activation with ADP versus male platelets with PAF. In the presence of estradiol incubation, male platelets' activation with PAF approximated that of females (combined premenopausal and postmenopausal) and activation with PAF was enhanced in both male and female platelets.

CONCLUSION
Male and female platelets have differential response to stimuli, suggesting sex-dependent signaling and cellular activation. Female platelets have both increased aggregation and activation potential, and estradiol pretreatment feminizes male platelets to approximate female platelet activation with PAF. These findings offer potential explanation for sex-based differences in hemostatic potential in TIC and question whether donor sex of transfused platelets should be considered in resuscitation. Estradiol may also serve as a novel therapeutic adjunct in TIC.
The role of mutation bias in adaptive molecular evolution: insights from convergent changes in protein function
Authors: Storz Jay F. , Natarajan Chandrasekhar , Signore Anthony V. , Witt Christopher C. , McCandlish David M. , Stoltzfus Arlin 
Published: June 2019

An underexplored question in evolutionary genetics concerns the extent to which mutational bias in the production of genetic variation influences outcomes and pathways of adaptive molecular evolution. In the genomes of at least some vertebrate taxa, an important form of mutation bias involves changes at CpG dinucleotides: if the DNA nucleotide cytosine (C) is immediately 5′ to guanine (G) on the same coding strand, then—depending on methylation status—point mutations at both sites occur at an elevated rate relative to mutations at non-CpG sites. Here, we examine experimental data from case studies in which it has been possible to identify the causative substitutions that are responsible for adaptive changes in the functional properties of vertebrate haemoglobin (Hb). Specifically, we examine the molecular basis of convergent increases in Hb–O2affinity in high-altitude birds. Using a dataset of experimentally verified, affinity-enhancing mutations in the Hbs of highland avian taxa, we tested whether causative changes are enriched for mutations at CpG dinucleotides relative to the frequency of CpG mutations among all possible missense mutations. The tests revealed that a disproportionate number of causative amino acid replacements were attributable to CpG mutations, suggesting that mutation bias can influence outcomes of molecular adaptation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Oxazepam and cognitive reappraisal: a randomised experiment
Authors: Nilsonne Gustav , Tamm Sandra , Golkar Armita , Olsson Andreas , Sörman Karolina , Howner Katarina , Kristiansson Marianne , Ingvar Martin , Petrovic Predrag 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive reappraisal is a strategy for emotional regulation, important in the context of anxiety disorders. It is not known whether anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines affect cognitive reappraisal.AimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal.MethodsIn a preliminary investigation, 33 healthy male volunteers were randomised to oxazepam or placebo, and then underwent an experiment where they were asked to use cognitive reappraisal to upregulate or downregulate their emotional response to images with negative or neutral emotional valence. We recorded unpleasantness ratings, skin conductance, superciliary corrugator muscle activity, and heart rate. Participants completed rating scales measuring empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TAS-20), and psychopathy (Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised, PPI-R).ResultsUpregulation to negative-valence images in the cognitive reappraisal task caused increased unpleasantness ratings, corrugator activity, and heart rate compared to downregulation. Upregulation to both negative- and neutral-valence images caused increased skin conductance responses. Oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings to negative-valence stimuli, but did not interact with reappraisal instruction on any outcome. Self-rated trait empathy was associated with stronger responses to negative-valence stimuli, whereas self-rated psychopathic traits were associated with weaker responses to negative-valence stimuli.ConclusionsWhile 25 mg oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings in response to negative-valence images, we did not observe an effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal.
A Simple Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Duplications and Deletions in Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Hill Tom , Unckless Robert L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCopy number variants (CNV) are associated with phenotypic variation in several species. However, properly detecting changes in copy numbers of sequences remains a difficult problem, especially in lower quality or lower coverage next-generation sequencing data. Here, inspired by recent applications of machine learning in genomics, we describe a method to detect duplications and deletions in short-read sequencing data. In low coverage data, machine learning appears to be more powerful in the detection of CNVs than the gold-standard methods or coverage estimation alone, and of equal power in high coverage data. We also demonstrate how replicating training sets allows a more precise detection of CNVs, even identifying novel CNVs in two genomes previously surveyed thoroughly for CNVs using long read data.Available at:https://github.com/tomh1lll/dudeml
The human gut virome is highly diverse, stable and individual-specific
Authors: Shkoporov Andrey N. , Clooney Adam G. , Sutton Thomas D.S. , Ryan Feargal J. , Daly Karen M. , Nolan James A. , McDonnell Siobhan A. , Khokhlova Ekaterina V. , Draper Lorraine A. , Forde Amanda , Guerin Emma , Velayudhan Vimalkumar , Ross R. Paul , Hill Colin 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe human gut contains a vast array of viruses, mostly bacteriophages. The majority remain uncharacterised and their roles in shaping the gut microbiome and in impacting on human health remain poorly understood. Here we performed a longitudinal focused metagenomic study of faecal bacteriophage populations in healthy adults. Our results reveal high temporal stability and individual specificity of bacteriophage consortia which correlates with the bacterial microbiome. We report the existence of a stable, numerically predominant individual-specific persistent personal virome. Clustering of bacteriophage genomes and de novo taxonomic annotation identified several groups of crAss-like and Microviridae bacteriophages as the most stable colonizers of the human gut. CRISPR-based host prediction highlighted connections between these stable viral communities and highly predominant gut bacterial taxa such as Bacteroides, Prevotella and Faecalibacterium. This study provides insights into the structure of the human gut virome and serves as an important baseline for hypothesis-driven research.
Brain cooling marginally increases maximum thermal tolerance in Atlantic cod
Authors: Jutfelt Fredrik , Roche Dominique G. , Clark Timothy D , Norin Tommy , Binning Sandra A. , Speers-Roesch Ben , Amcoff Mirjam , Morgan Rachael , Andreassen Anna H , Sundin Josefin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe physiological mechanisms determining thermal limits in fishes are debated but remain elusive. It has been hypothesised that loss of motor function observed as a loss of equilibrium during an acute thermal challenge is due to direct thermal effects on brain neuronal function. To test this hypothesis, we mounted cooling plates on the head of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)and quantified whether local cooling of the brain increased whole-organism critical thermal maxima (CTmax). Brain cooling reduced brain temperature by 2–6°C and increased CTmaxby 0.5–0.7°C relative to instrumented and uninstrumented controls, suggesting that direct thermal effects on brain neurons might contribute to setting upper thermal limits in fish. However, the improvement in CTmaxwith brain cooling was small relative to the difference in brain temperature, demonstrating that other mechanisms (e.g., failure of spinal and peripheral neurons, or muscle) may also contribute to controlling acute thermal tolerance in fishes.Summary statementWe tested whether brain temperature sets the upper thermal limit in a fish. Selectively cooling the brain during whole-organism thermal ramping marginally increased thermal tolerance.
Recurrent genetic abnormalities in human pluripotent stem cells: definition and routine detection in culture supernatant by targeted droplet digital PCR
Authors: Assou Said , Girault Nicolas , Plinet Mathilde , Bouckenheimer Julien , Sansac Caroline , Combe Marion , Mianné Joffrey , Bourguignon Chloé , Fieldes Mathieu , Ahmed Engi , Commes Thérèse , Boureux Anthony , Lemaître Jean-Marc , De Vos John 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGenomic integrity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is essential for research and clinical applications. However, genetic abnormalities can accumulate during hPSC generation and routine culture and following gene editing. Their occurrence should be routinely monitored, but the current assays to assess hPSC genomic integrity are not fully suitable for suchregular screening. To address this issue, we first carried out a large meta-analysis of all hPSC genetic abnormalities reported in more than 100 publications and identified 738 recurrent genetic abnormalities (i.e., overlapping abnormalities found in at least five distinct scientific publications). We then developed a test based on the droplet digital PCR technology that can potentially detect 94.3% of these hPSC recurrent genetic abnormalities in DNA extracted from culture supernatant samples. This test can be used to routinely screen genomic integrity in hPSCs.
Associations between neonatal cry acoustics and visual attention during the first year
Authors: Kivinummi Aicha , Naithani Gaurav , Tammela Outi , Virtanen Tuomas , Kurkela Enni , Alhainen Miia , Niehaus Dana J. H. , Lachman Anusha , Leppänen Jukka M. , Peltola Mikko J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt has been suggested that early cry parameters are connected to later cognitive abilities. The present study is the first to investigate whether the acoustic features of infant cry are associated with cognitive development already during the first year, as measured by oculomotor orienting and attention disengagement. Cry sounds for acoustic analyses (fundamental frequency; F0) were recorded in two neonatal cohorts at the age of 0-5 days (Tampere, Finland) or at 6 weeks (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye tracking was used to measure oculomotor orienting to peripheral visual stimuli and attention disengagement from central stimuli at 8 months (Tampere) or at 6 months (Cape Town) of age. In the Tampere cohort, a marginal positive correlation between fundamental frequency of cry (F0) and visual attention disengagement was observed; infants with a higher neonatal F0 were slower to shift gaze away from the central stimulus to the peripheral stimulus. However, a similar correlation was not observed in the Cape Town cohort. No associations between F0 and oculomotor orienting were observed in either cohort. We discuss possible factors influencing the discrepancy in results between the cohorts and suggest directions for future research investigating the potential of early cry analysis in predicting later cognitive development.
Dynamic up- and down-regulation of the default (DMN) and extrinsic (EMN) mode networks during alternating task-on and task-off periods
Authors: Hugdahl Kenneth , Beresniewicz Justyna , Kazimierczak Katarzyna , Kompus Kristiina , Westerhausen Rene , Ersland Lars , Grüner Renate , Specht Karsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing fMRI, Hugdahl et al. (2015) reported the existence of a general-domain cortical network during active task-processing which was non-specific to the cognitive task being processed. They labelled this network the extrinsic mode network (EMN). The EMN would be predicted to be negatively, or anti-correlated with the classic default mode network (DMN), typically observed during periods of rest, such that while the EMN should be down-regulated and the DMN up-regulated in the absence of demands for task-processing, the reverse should occur when demands change from resting to task-processing. This would require alternating periods of task-processing and resting, and analyzing data continuously when demands change from active to passive periods and vice versa. We were particularly interested in how the networks interact in the critical transition points between conditions. For this purpose we used an auditory task with multiple cognitive demands in a standard fMRI block-design. Task-present (ON) blocks were alternated with an equal number of task-absent, or rest (OFF) blocks to capture network dynamics across time and changing environmental demands. To achieve this, we specified the onset of each block, and used a finite-impulse response function (FIR) as basis function for estimation of the fMRI-BOLD response. During active (ON) blocks, the results showed an initial rapid onset of activity in the EMN network, which remained throughout the period, and faded away during the first scan of the OFF-block. During OFF blocks, activity in the DMN network showed an initial time-lag where neither the EMN nor the DMN was active, after which the DMN was up-regulated. Studying network dynamics in alternating passive and active periods may provide new insights into brain network interaction and regulation.