bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate is a Product of Starch Degradation in Isolated Chloroplasts from Chlamydomonas reinhardii
Authors: Klöck Gerd , Kreuzberg Karlheinz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate accumulates during starch catabolism by intact isolated chloroplasts from Chlamydomonas reinhardii in the dark. Further products detected mainly were 3-phospho-glyceric acid and triose phosphates with a ratio between 3-phosphoglyceric acid, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and triose phosphates of 1.0:0.9:0.2. The production of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate by a plastidic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase provides a reasonable mechanism for regenerating reducing equivalents during continuous starch breakdown in the chloroplast of the alga C. reinhardii.
Identification of Three Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Saturniid Moth Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Bestmann Hans-Jürgen , Attygalle Athula B. , Brosche Thorolf , Erler Joachim , Platz Hans , Schwarz Jürgen , Vostrowsky Otto , Cai-Hong Wu , Kaissling Karl Ernst , Te-Ming Chen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By means of electroantennography and single cell recordings, GC and GCMS analyses and GC analysis with EAG detection (6E,11 Z)-6,11-hexadecadienal, (6E,11 Z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate and (4E,9Z)-4,9-tetradecadienyl acetate were identified as the primary components of the sex pheromone of female Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).
A Fungal Metabolite as the Male Wing Gland Pheromone of the Bumble-Bee Wax Moth, Aphomia sociella L.
Authors: Kunesch Gerhard , Zagatti Pierre , Pouvreau André , Cassini Renée 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
3,4-Dihydro-9-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin [R(-)-mellein] was identified as the major component of the male wing gland pheromone of the bumble-bee wax moth, Aphomia sociella L. (Pyralidae, Galleriinae). The presence of Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm, a mellein producing microorganism, was detected in the intestines of last-instar larvae and in bumble-bee nests. Arguments for a new type of insect-fungus relationship are presented.
X-Ray Structure Analysis and Spectroscopic Data of the Antibiotic 8-(Dichloroacetyl)-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone from the Fungus Mollisia sp.*
Authors: Weber Gabriela , Hübner Thomas , Gieren Alfred , Sonnenbichler Johann , Kowalski Tadeusz , Holdenrieder Ottmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mass spectra, X-ray data and high resolution 13C and 1H NMR spectra of 8-(dichloroacetyl)-5-hydroxy-2,7-dim ethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone are reported. The antibiotic active com pound was isolated from the fungus Mollisia sp.
Transformationen von trans-2-Hexenal durch Botrytis cinerea PERS. als Entgiftungsmechanismen / Transformations of trans-2-Hexenal by Botrytis cinerea PERS. as Detoxification Mechanisms
Authors: Urbasch Irene 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The metabolization of trans-2-hexenal - one of the main components of plant wound gases with antibiotic activity - was investigated for 5 different isolates of Botrytis cinerea PERS. The transformation products as well as the kinetics of their formation were analyzed.
Isolates exclusively mycelium forming (Bc 1 and Bc 13) transformed tr-2-hexenal into tr-2- hexenol, while sporulating isolates (Bc 3, Bc 9 and Bc 10) converted tr-2-hexenal to hexanol-1.
Basically the metabolization of tr-2-hexenal proceeded in the same way via the aqueous phase as in the gas phase.
The transformation products tr-2-hexenol and hexanol-1 showed significantly lower toxicity against the tested B. cinerea isolates than tr-2-hexenal. In each isolate the end product of tr-2- hexenal conversion had the weakest inhibitory activity. The transformation reactions thus represent detoxification mechanisms for these fungi.
Investigation of the Screening Pigment System in the Compound Eye of the Moth Agrotis segetum (fam. Noctuidae) by Visible Reflectometry
Authors: Nordtug Trond , Melø Thor Bernt 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The functional properties of the light adaptation system in the superposition eye of the moth Agrotis segetum have been investigated by reflection spectroscopy. The spectrum of the reflected light from the tapetum of dark adapted eyes had a peak at about 580 nm corresponding to a spacing between the reflecting layers in the tapetum of 145 nm. During light adaptation of the eye the observed reflectance changes could be explained by light extinction in one screening pigment. The shape of the extinction spectrum of the screening was constant throughout the adaptation process and after a lag phase the optical density of the pigment in the light path increased linearly with time. The screening pigment caused light extinction both by absorption and to some degree also by scattering. The absorption spectrum of the screening pigment had a broad maximum about 590 nm and the scattering efficiency of the pigment particles seemed to be nearly independent of the wavelength.
Partial Lack of N-Acetyl Substitution of Glucosamine in the Peptidoglycan of the Budding Phototrophic Rhodomicrobium vannielii
Authors: Jürgens Uwe J. , Rieth Baldur , Weckesser Jürgen , Dow Crawford S. , König Wilfried A. 
Published: August 2018

The rigid layer and peptidoglycan fractions from two strains (ATCC 17100 and Rm 5) of the budding phototrophic Rhodomicrobium vannielii were isolated. Rigid layers of both strains contain protein in addition to peptidoglycan. They were free of polysaccharides and fatty acids. The respective peptidoglycan fractions contain glucosamine, muramic acid, ʟ-and ᴅ-alanine, ᴅ-glutamic and meso-diaminopimelic acid in approximately equimolar ratios except for a signifi­ cant lower relative ᴅ-alanine content. Analysis of partial acid hydrolysates revealed A 1 γ-type structure of Rhodomicrobium vannielii peptidoglycan (shown with strain ATCC 17100). An about 10-30% lack of N-acetylation of glucosamine was indicated. The degree of cross-linkage was found to be about 60% .
No differences in peptidoglycan composition and degree of cross-linkage were found between swarmer-and chain-cells as examined with strain Rm 5.
Benzofuroxan as Electron Acceptor at Photosystem I
Authors: Lotina-Hennsen B. , Garcia A . , Aguilar M. , Albores M. 
Published: August 2018

The midpoint potential of BFO, the sensitivity of its photoreduction to DCM, DBMIB and KCN, and the photosystem I activity, suggest that the photoreduction of BFO in the chloroplast is at the primary electron acceptor x of photosystem I. and is irreversible.
Rates of electron transport are similar in basal phosphorylating or uncoupled conditions al­though electron transport is coupled to photophosphorylation.
Kinetic Relationship between Energy-Dependent Fluorescence Quenching, Light Scattering, Chlorophyll Luminescence and Proton Pumping in Intact Leaves
Authors: Bilger W. , Heber U. , Schreiber U. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A measuring system was designed for simultaneous recording of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and light scattering changes. The kinetic relationship was investigated between lightinduced changes in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, as determined by the saturation pulse method, and in light scattering, as measured via the apparent absorbance change at 543 nm. Very similar, but not identical kinetics were observed, reflecting a close non-linear relationship between these two indicators of thylakoid membrane energization. Fluorescence was found more sensitive at low levels of energization, while scattering continued indicating further increases in energization when quenching already was saturated. A general relationship between quenching and scattering is demonstrated which holds irrespective of whether energization is varied during induction or via changes in light intensity or CO2 concentration. In the light-off responses, only part of fluorescence quenching was found to relax with the same kinetics as scattering. It is suggested that at high levels of energization slowly reversible membrane changes may be induced which have the potential of non-photochemical quenching at a low level of energization, and which are not accompanied by scattering changes. Neither quenching nor scattering changes displayed kinetics sufficiently fast to be taken as a direct expression of internal thylakoid acidificati on in intact leaves. This conclusion is drawn from comparative measurements of proton-uptake, as reflected by CO2-solubilization upon light-induced stroma alkalization, and of chlorophyll luminescence. Both, the initial CO2 - gulp and the pH-dependent luminescence rise were found to clearly precede the development of energy-dependent quenching.
Azadirachtin-Induced Sterilization in Mature Females of Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Feder Denise , Valle Denise , Rembold H. , Garcia E. S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effects of azadiraehtin A , given orally, on the reproduction of mature females of Rhodnius prolixus were studied. Azadiraehtin A caused a reduction in oocyte growth and consequently in the egg production in a dose-dependent manner. Eggs layed had no alteration in their viabilities. A significant correlation between these effects and the titers of both vitellogenin in the haemolymph and vitellin in the ovaries was observed. Ecdysteroid titers in haemolymph and ovaries, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were decreased by this treatment. In vitro analysis suggested that azadiraehtin may directly interfere in ovarian ecdysteroid production. The significance of these findings in relation to the mode of action of azadiraehtin is discussed.
Identification of Major Lipids from the Scent Gland Secretions of DumeriFs Ground Boa (Acrantophis dumerili Jan) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Simpson John T. , Weldon Paul J. , Sharp Thomas R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The scent gland secretions of Dumeril’s ground boa (Acrantophis dumerili), pooled from two adult males and a female, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, as-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, cholesterol, and 5-cholesten-3-one were indicated. These results are compared with those obtained in analyses of the scent gland secretions of other snakes.
Pressure Effects on the Interactions of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Transport Enzyme with Calcium and Dinitrophenyl Phosphate
Authors: Hasselbach Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of dinitrophenyl phosphate by the sarcoplasmic calcium transport enzyme has been studied. The magnesium dinitrophenyl phosphate complex is the true substrate of the enzyme (K - 7000 M-1) by which it is hydrolyzed at 20 °C with a turnover rate of 4 s-1 . Activation by calcium ions occurs between 0.1 and 1 μM as observed for ATP hydrolysis. The activation volume of the enzyme saturated with both ligands exhibits pronounced pressure-dependence, rising from 25 ml/mol at atmospheric pressure to 80 ml/mol at 100 MPa. The apparent binding volumes for magnesium dinitrophenyl phosphate and calcium are likewise pressure-dependent. The volume changes connected with the binding of magnesium dinitrophenyl phosphate is quite small approaching zero at 100 MPa. The apparent binding volume for calcium greatly increases with pressure from 35 ml/mol at atmospheric pressure to 150 ml/mol at 70 MPa. A nearly constant binding volume of approximately 40 ml/mol results if the effect of pressure on the respective rate constants that contribute to the apparent binding constant, is taken into account. The pressure-dependence of enzyme activity at subsaturating calcium concentrations yields an activation volume of 250 ml/mol related to the rate of calcium binding indicating the occurrence of a transient large volume expansion of the enzyme complex. The volume changes observed for the calcium-dependent interaction of the enzyme with magnesium dinitrophenyl phosphate well agree with that found for magnesium p-nitrophenyl phosphate (W. Hasselbach and L. Stephan, Z. Naturforsch. 42c, 641-652 (1987)) indicating that the found volume changes are intrinsic properties of the transport enzyme, independent of the respective energy donor.
Effect of Inhalation Anesthetics on Spin-Labeled Cholesterol Containing DPPC Vesicles
Authors: Gulfo N. , Bartucci R. , Sportelli L. 
Published: August 2018

We have investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy the influence of three inhalation anesthetics, i.e. halothane, chloroform and diethyl ether, on the interfacial and hydrophobic region as well of 38 mol% cholesterol containing DPPC unilamellar vesicles.
The study has been carried out in the temperature range 25-45 °C. The variation of the order parameter, S, vs temperature of the lipid phase indicates that with this content of cholesterol the characteristic gel → liquid crystalline main phase transition of DPPC, normally occurring at Tt ~ 41 °C, disappears.
When halothane and chloroform are added to the vesicles suspension up to [DPPC]/[anesthetic] molar ratio of 1:1 the main phase transition, as detected with the stearic acid spin label I(12,3), reappears again and it results down shifted at Tt ~ 35 and 39 °C, respectively.
In presence of diethyl ether, instead, the main phase transition is not observable also at the highest concentration of anesthetic used.
Moreover, halothane and chloroform affect similarly the hydrophobic core of cholesterol-!- DPPC vesicles which, in turn, results to be different from the action exerted by diethyl ether in the same region.
The ESR findings are discussed in terms of competitive effects shown by cholesterol and inhalation anesthetics. Moreover, the interfacial region of CHOL + DPPC vesicles results to be the target of anesthetics.
Investigation of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase from Tobacco by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: A Structural Model for the Enzyme in Solution
Authors: Abuja P. M. , Pilz I. 
Published: August 2018

The quaternary structure of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was investigated in solution by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The most important molecular parameters as the radius of gyration (Rg) and the maximum diameter (Dmax) were determined. Both the active and the inactive form of the enzyme were measured at 5 °C and at 20 °C. A more distinct difference in size could be detected between the inactive forms at these two temperatures (Rg = 4.80 nm (5 °C) and 4.68 nm (20 °C)) than between the active forms (Rg = 4.73 nm and 4.69 nm). The maximum diameters were determined to be 13.1 nm for the inactive form at 5 °C and 12.8 nm for the other forms.
A model is proposed consisting of eight large and eight small subunits arranged in the way that seems to be typical for this enzyme in higher plants.
The 9-kDa Phosphoprotein Involved in Photoinhibition
Authors: Kuhn Matthias , Thiel Andreas , Böger Peter 
Published: August 2018

Photosystem-II particles exhibit strong photoinhibition. Short-term illumination of photosystem- II particles with high-intensity light (5000 μE/m2 × s) leads to a typical change of the protein pattern on SDS-PAGE. Two proteins are mainly affected, namely the well-described 32-kDa herbicide-binding protein which probably is degraded [1] and, first published here, the 9-kDa phosphoprotein, whose function in the PS-II complex is still unknown. This protein is not degraded, but seems to be linked to other polypeptides of the PS-II complex. During light treatment new bands of 23, 41, 50 and 54 kDa appear in the protein pattern of SDS-PAGE.
A monospecific antiserum was produced against the 9-kDa phosphoprotein to investigate its fate. After light treatment the antibodies reacted with new proteins of higher molecular weights, most pronounced with a 23-kDa and a 41-kDa peptide.
Elicitor-induced Changes of Enzyme Activities Related to Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Accumulation in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Daniel Susanne , Hinderer Walter , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

The extractable activities of thirteen enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism have been measured in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell suspension cultures after treatment with an elicitor from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. The cell culture, derived from the A. rabiei resistant cultivar ILC 3279, constitutively accumulated the isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin together with their 7-O-glucosides and the 7-O-glucoside-6″-malonates. After elicitor application the cells rapidly form the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain.
Among the enzymes of primary metabolism only the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibited a significant increase in activity with a maximum four hours after application of the elicitor. In phenylpropane metabolism the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase were enhanced by the elicitor and exhibited highest levels after four hours. In contrast the chalcone isomerase activity was not influenced by the elicitor. A substantial enhancement occurred with the isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity eight hours after elicitor application.
The results suggest that in this cell culture the elicitor-induced biosynthesis of pterocarpan phytoalexins was accompanied with a rapid and transient increase of those enzyme activities which are located at branching points of related pathways, i.e. pentose phosphate cycle, general phenylpropane metabolism, flavonoid formation and isoflavone conjugation.
The Formation of Phosphate End Groups in the Radiolysis of Polynucleotides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Murthy Cherla P. , Deeble David J. , Sonntag Clemens von 
Published: August 2018

The polynucleotides poly(U), poly(C), poly(A) and poly(G) have been y-irradiated in N2O- and N2O/O2 (4:1)-saturated aqueous solutions. Hydroxyl radicals from the radiolysis of water react with the polynucleotides thereby producing among other lesions strand breaks. Strand breakage is connected with the formation of phosphomonoester end groups. Such end groups have been determined by measuring inorganic phosphate after a three hour incubation at 37 °C with acid or alkaline phosphatase.
In the absence of oxygen G(phosphomonoester end groups) (in units of μmol J-1) are 0.47 (poly(U)), 0.17 (poly(C)) and ≤ 0.04 (poly(A) and poly(G)). In the case of poly(U) and poly(C) on heating the sample for one hour at 95 °C prior to incubation with phosphatases the above values increased by 0.14 and 0.07 μmol J-1, resp., whereas such treatment of the purine polynucleotides still did not produce a measurable yield of phosphomonoester end groups. Comparing these values with G values for strand breakage taken from the literature, about two phosphomonoester end groups are formed per strand break in poly(U) while for poly(C) this ratio is about unity. The purine polynucleotides show very low yields of strand breakage in agreement with the negligible phosphomonoester yields.
In the presence of oxygen G(phosphomonoester end groups) are 0.46 (poly(U)), 0.21 (poly(C)), and ≤ 0.04 (poly(A) and poly(G)). On heating, these values increase, most markedly for poly(U) and poly(C). This is possibly linked to the decomposition of unstable hydroperoxides which are formed in high yields in poly(U) and poly(C) (G = 0.7 and 0.19 μmol J-1 resp.).
It is known that at least in the case of poly(U), base radicals attack a sugar moiety and are the main precursors of these lesions. G(phosphomonoester end groups) are considerably lower in the case of the purine polynucleotides. Whether this is due to an inability of the base radicals to attack a sugar moiety or has other reasons must remain an open question.
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. VIII. Interactions with Chlorpromazine · HCl
Authors: Suwalsky M. , Gimenez L. , Saenger V. , Neira F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chlorpromazine is a widely used phenothiazine tranquilizer known to alter the shape of normal erythrocytes and their osmotic fragility. In order to understand the nature of the interactions chlorpromazine · HCl (CPZ · HCl) was made to interact with phospholipid bilayers formed by dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). This study was carried out by X-ray diffraction on crystalline powders of various molar mixtures of CPZ · HCl with DMPE and DMPC, with and without water. It was found that CPZ · HCl significatively affects the bilayer structure of DMPC in the presence of water, but not that of DMPE.
Identifizierung und Synthese von Dimethylalkanen als Sexuallockstoffe weiblicher Miniermotten (Lyonetiidae) / Identification and Synthesis of Dimethylalkanes as Sex Attractants of Female Leaf Miner Moths (Lyonetiidae)
Authors: Francke W. , Toth M. , Szöcs G. , Krieg W. , Ernst H. , Buschmann E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
5,9-Dimethylheptadecane and 5,9-dimethylpentadecane represent major components of the sex pheromones of females of the leafminer moths Leucoptera scitella and Perileucoptera coffeella respectively; 5,9-dimethylhexadecane was found in both species as a minor component. These branched chiral hydrocarbons represent a new type of Lepidopteran pheromones, for which simple syntheses are described.
Electrophoresis and Electrofocusing of Phytochrome from Etiolated Avena sativa L.
Authors: Schendel Rudolf , Rüdiger Wolfhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings (Avena sativa L.) was investigated by “native” gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing. At pH 8 . 8 the Pfr form migrated faster than the Pr form in electrophoresis. We assume a difference in the surface charge rather than a difference in shape for the phytochrome forms. This assumption was confirmed by isoelectric focusing which clearly showed relatively more negative charge in the Pfr form than in the Pr form. The role of the peptide region from residue 323 to 360 is discussed in this connection. It carries 9 negatively charged residues, it is exposed only in the Pfr form and it has already been described as a signal region for rapid protein degradation (PEST sequence, see Rogers et al., Science 234, 364-368, 1986). The experiments on electrofocusing revealed a microheterogeneity of phytochrome which was present in the native state as well as in the completely unfolded state. The most probable reason could be either posttranslational modification or genetic polymorphism of phytochrome in oat.
Hyperthermia Induced Polyphosphate Changes in Propionibacterium acnes as Studied by 31P NMR
Authors: Kjeldstad B. , Johnsson A . , Furuheim K. M. , Bergan A . Schie , Krane J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The polyphosphate component in MP NMR spectra of the Gram-positive Propionibacterium acnes increased after hyperthermia treatment. The cells were exposed to temperatures in the interval from 15 °C to 45 °C. The amount of polyphosphate increased with increasing temperature. There were no temperature induced changes in the other phosphorous components seen in the spectra with exception of a decrease in ATP for higher temperatures. The increase in polyphosphates was less than that obtained from cells irradiated by near ultra-violet light.
Co-Resistance of Atrazine-Resistant Chenopodium and Amaranthus Biotypes to other Photosystem II Inhibiting Herbicides
Authors: Solymosi P. , Lehoczki E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Biotypes of Amaranthus retroflexus L ., A. hybridus L., A. bouchonii Thell. and Chenopodium album L. insensitive to atrazine were collected from maize monoculture where atrazine had been applied extensively. Atrazine-resistant biotypes of A. retroflexus and A. hybridus showed phenmedipham and lenacil co-resistance and atrazine-resistant biotype of C. album showed fenuron co-resistance. An atrazin-resistant biotype of A. bouchonii with co-resistance to diuron was not resistant to fenuron, lenacil and phenmedipham.