bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Polymer Structure in Composite Alumina/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on Corrosion Resistance, Micro-mechanical and Tribological Properties of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Moskalewicz Tomasz , Zimowski Sławomir , Fiołek Aleksandra , Łukaszczyk Alicja , Dubiel Beata , Cieniek Łukasz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper describes ways of improving the tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at room and elevated temperatures by electrophoretic deposition of Al2O3/PEEK708 composite coatings and post-heat treatment. The microstructure of the coating components and the coatings was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as x-ray diffractometry. The influence of cooling rate after heating of the coated alloy on the PEEK structure and coating surface topography was investigated. It was found that slow cooling with a furnace produced a semi-crystalline structure, whereas fast cooling in water generated an amorphous polymer structure. The semi-crystalline coatings exhibited a more developed surface topography than the amorphous ones. The coatings with a semi-crystalline structure revealed higher scratch resistance than the amorphous ones. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated and coated specimens was examined using electrochemical techniques in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. Both coatings increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The friction and wear properties of the coated specimens against an alumina ball in dry sliding contact at room temperature and elevated temperatures of 150 and 260 °C at ball-on-disk were examined. Both amorphous and semi-crystalline coatings increased the wear resistance and decreased the friction coefficient of the titanium alloy at room temperature. In addition, the semi-crystalline coating was also very effective in improving the titanium alloy’s tribological properties at elevated temperatures. The obtained results clearly show that the composite alumina/PEEK coatings are promising for tribological applications in mechanical engineering.
Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother–Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study
Authors: Collings Paul J. , Farrar Diane , Gibson Joanna , West Jane , Barber Sally E. , Wright John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivePhysical activity is advocated for a range of benefits to the uncomplicated pregnancy. We investigated associations of mid-pregnancy physical activity with maternal and neonatal health in white British and Pakistani-origin women from a deprived urban setting.MethodsThe study was performed in 6921 pregnant women (53% Pakistani-origin) who contributed data for 7305 singleton births. At 26–28 weeks gestation, women were grouped into four activity levels (inactive/somewhat active/moderately active/active) based on their self-reported physical activity. Linear regression with robust standard errors was used to calculate adjusted mean differences in health markers between the four groups of physical activity (reference group: inactive).ResultsThree-quarters (74%) of Pakistani-origin women and 39% of white British women were inactive. Trend-tests revealed that more active white British women tended to be less adipose, had lower fasting and postload glucose levels, lower triglyceride concentrations, and their babies were less adipose (smaller triceps and subscapular skinfolds) than less active white British women. Somewhat active Pakistani-origin women exhibited lower triglyceride concentrations and systolic blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and their babies were less adipose (smaller mid-upper arm and abdominal circumferences; lower cord-blood leptin concentration) compared to inactive Pakistani-origin women. No associations were observed for gestational age or birth weight.ConclusionsPhysical activity performed mid-pregnancy was beneficially associated with maternal cardiometabolic health and neonatal adiposity, without influencing gestational age or birth weight. Associations were dose-dependent in white British women, and even a small amount of mid-pregnancy physical activity appeared to benefit some health markers in Pakistani-origin women.
Maternal, paternal, and neonatal risk factors for neural tube defects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Shanshan , Wei Xiaowei , Ma Ling , Wang Yanfu , Gu Hui , Liu Dan , Ma Wei , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveNeural tube defects [NTDs] are severe congenital anomalies. The etiology of NTDs is not fully known, and studies on the potential risk factors of NTDs present inconsistent results. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the maternal, paternal, and neonatal risk factors for NTDs.Study designWe systematically reviewed relative original studies published through October 6, 2018 available in Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library without restrictions for language. The selected studies measured maternal, paternal, and neonatal risk factors and examined their associations with NTDs. A meta‐analysis, including subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis, was conducted to estimate the pooled effect measures. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a predesigned data collection form.ResultsForty‐five studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis, and twelve potential risk factors were analyzed. The factors that were associated with NTDs risk included stressful life events [odds ratio [OR],1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24―2.08; p < 0.001; I2 = 59.2%], low maternal education level [OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19―1.70; p < 0.001; I2 = 47.7%], pregestational diabetes [OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.21―4.12; p < 0.010; I2 = 56.3%], low paternal age [OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10―1.81; p = 0.007; I2 = 0.0%], low birth weight [OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.95―15.70; p = 0.001; I2 = 98.5%], and neonatal female gender [OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10―2.14; p = 0.012; I2 = 67.8%].ConclusionStressful life events, pregestational diabetes, low birth weight, and neonatal female gender are risk factors associated with NTDs. Low maternal education level and low paternal age are factors that are moderately associated with NTDs. Further cohort studies are required to verify the factors associated with NTDs and control the risk of this severe birth defect.
Self-Efficacy Mediates the Attachment-Pain Association in Couples with Provoked Vestibulodynia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Charbonneau-Lefebvre Véronique , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier , Brassard Audrey , Steben Marc , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAttachment influences the way individuals anticipate, react, and seek support when faced with chronic pain. Although cross-sectional research indicates that attachment insecurity and pain self-efficacy are associated with pain intensity in chronic pain populations, little is known about their long-term effects on pain, and about the directionality of associations between these constructs. Furthermore, whereas attachment is a relational concept, few studies on genito-pelvic pain have espoused a couples’ perspective.AimUsing a prospective dyadic design, the present study aimed to examine the directionality of the associations among attachment dimensions, pain self-efficacy, and pain intensity in couples coping with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). A second aim was to test whether pain self-efficacy mediated the attachment-pain association.Methods213 couples coping with PVD completed self-report questionnaires at baseline (T1) and at a 2-year follow-up (T2).Main Outcome Measure(1) Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised; (2) Painful Intercourse Self-Efficacy Scale; and (3) 10-point Numerical Rating Scale for pain intensity.ResultsAutoregressive cross-lagged models revealed that women’s greater attachment anxiety and avoidance at T1 predicted their greater pain intensity at T2. Women’s greater attachment anxiety at T1 predicted their poorer pain self-efficacy at T2, and poorer pain self-efficacy in women at T1 predicted their higher pain intensity at T2. A mediation model showed that women’s lower pain self-efficacy at T2 fully mediated the association between women’s higher attachment anxiety at T1 and their higher pain intensity at T2. Partners’ attachment dimensions did not predict their own or women’s pain self-efficacy nor pain intensity.Clinical ImplicationsResults suggest that greater attachment anxiety may contribute to women with PVD’s lower confidence that they can manage their pain, which leads to long-term persistent pain. This study highlights the importance of assessing attachment and pain self-efficacy in women with genito-pelvic pain and to consider interventions targeting these variables, as they have far-reaching consequences.Strength & LimitationsThe use of longitudinal and dyadic data inform interpersonal processes and the long-term implications of attachment and pain self-efficacy in PVD. The use of self-report measures may introduce a social desirability and recall bias.ConclusionThis prospective dyadic study adds to a body of literature on PVD and chronic pain by empirically supporting theoretical models on attachment, pain self-efficacy, and persistent pain, and supports the role of psychosocial factors in the adjustment to PVD.
Novel morphing wing actuator control-based Particle Swarm Optimisation
Authors: Khan S. , Grigorie T. L. , Botez R. M. , Mamou M. , Mébarki Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the design and experimental testing of the control system used in a new morphing wing application with a full-scaled portion of a real wing. The morphing actuation system uses four similar miniature brushless DC (BLDC) motors placed inside the wing, which execute a direct actuation of the flexible upper surface of the wing made from composite materials. The control system of each actuator uses three control loops (current, speed and position) characterised by five control gains. To tune the control gains, the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) method is used. The application of the PSO method supposed the development of a MATLAB/Simulink® software model for the controlled actuator, which worked together with a software sub-routine implementing the PSO algorithm to find the best values for the five control gains that minimise the cost function. Once the best values of the control gains are established, the software model of the controlled actuator is numerically simulated in order to evaluate the quality of the obtained control system. Finally, the designed control system is experimentally validated in bench tests and wind-tunnel tests for all four miniature actuators integrated in the morphing wing experimental model. The wind-tunnel testing treats the system as a whole and includes, besides the evaluation of the controlled actuation system, the testing of the integrated morphing wing experimental model and the evaluation of the aerodynamic benefits brought by the morphing technology on this project. From this last perspective, the airflow on the morphing upper surface of the experimental model is monitored by using various techniques based on pressure data collection with Kulite pressure sensors or on infrared thermography camera visualisations.
Simulation-based research in emergency medicine in Canada: Priorities and perspectives
Authors: Chaplin Timothy , Thoma Brent , Petrosoniak Andrew , Caners Kyla , McColl Tamara , Forristal Chantal , Dakin Christa , Deshaies Jean-Francois , Raymond-Dufresne Eliane , Fotheringham Mary , Ha David , Holm Nicole , Huffman James , Lonergan Ann-Marie , Mastoras George , O'Brien Michael , Paradis Marie-Rose , Sowers Nicholas , Stern Errol , Hall Andrew K. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveSimulation plays an integral role in the Canadian healthcare system with applications in quality improvement, systems development, and medical education. High-quality, simulation-based research will ensure its effective use. This study sought to summarize simulation-based research activity and its facilitators and barriers, as well as establish priorities for simulation-based research in Canadian emergency medicine (EM).MethodsSimulation-leads from Canadian departments or divisions of EM associated with a general FRCP-EM training program surveyed and documented active EM simulation-based research at their institutions and identified the perceived facilitators and barriers. Priorities for simulation-based research were generated by simulation-leads via a second survey; these were grouped into themes and finally endorsed by consensus during an in-person meeting of simulation leads. Priority themes were also reviewed by senior simulation educators.ResultsTwenty simulation-leads representing all 14 invited institutions participated in the study between February and May, 2018. Sixty-two active, simulation-based research projects were identified (median per institution = 4.5, IQR 4), as well as six common facilitators and five barriers. Forty-nine priorities for simulation-based research were reported and summarized into eight themes: simulation in competency-based medical education, simulation for inter-professional learning, simulation for summative assessment, simulation for continuing professional development, national curricular development, best practices in simulation-based education, simulation-based education outcomes, and simulation as an investigative methodology.ConclusionThis study summarized simulation-based research activity in EM in Canada, identified its perceived facilitators and barriers, and built national consensus on priority research themes. This represents the first step in the development of a simulation-based research agenda specific to Canadian EM.
KL2 mentored career development programs at clinical and translational science award hubs: Practices and outcomes
Authors: Sorkness Christine A. , Scholl Linda , Fair Alecia M. , Umans Jason G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) include KL2 mentored career development awards for faculty commencing clinical and translational research. A survey of KL2 leaders revealed program practices, curricular elements and compelling data about scholar characteristics and outcomes.Methods:We conducted a literature review, framed the survey construct, and obtained input from across the CTSA consortium. A REDCap survey was emailed in fall 2016 to 61 active programs.Results:Fifty-five programs (90.2%) responded. Respondents had been funded from 3 to 11 years, including 22 “mature” hubs funded for ≥8 years. Program cohort sizes were 56% “small”, 22% “medium”, and 22% “large.” Hubs offer extensive competency-aligned training opportunities relevant to clinical and translational research, including graduate degrees, mentorship, and grant-writing. Seventy-two percent of hubs report parallel “KL2-equivalent” career development programs. All hubs share their training and facilitate intermingling with other early stage investigators. A total of 1,517 KL2 scholars were funded. KL2 awardees are diverse in their disciplines, research projects, and representation; 54% are female and 12% self-identified as underrepresented in biomedical research. Eighty-seven percent of scholars have 2–3 mentors and are currently supported for 2–3 years. Seventy-eight percent of alumni remain at CTSA institutions in translational science. The most common form of NIH support following scholars’ KL2 award is an individual career development award.Conclusions:The KL2 is a unique career development award, shaped by competency-aligned training opportunities and interdisciplinary mentorship that inform translational research pathways. Tracking both traditional and novel outcomes of KL2 scholars is essential to capture their career trajectories and impact on health.
Composting and computing: On digital security compositions
Authors: Bellanova Rocco , González Fuster Gloria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaking sense of digital security practice requires grasping how data are put to use to compose the governing of individuals. Data need to be understood in their becoming, and in their becomingsomethingacross diverse practices. To do this, we suggest embracing two conceptual tropes that jointly articulate the being together of, and in, data compositions:compostingandcomputing. With composting, we approach data as lively entities, and we explore the decaying and recycling processes inside Big Data security. With computing, we approach data as embodied and embodying elements, and we unpack the surveillance of ‘asylum speakers’. Together, composting and computing challenge recurrent images of data. Our conceptual composition takes sound as a necessary sensory counterpoint to popular data visions, notably in light of Ryoji Ikeda's artworks.
Antimicrobial activity of a continuously active disinfectant against healthcare pathogens
Authors: Rutala William A. , Gergen Maria F. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Anderson Deverick J. , Weber David J. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel disinfectant studied using an EPA protocol demonstrated sustained antimicrobial activity (ie, 3–5 log10 reduction) in 5 minutes after 24 hours for Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Candida auris, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and antibiotic-susceptible E. coli, and Enterobacter spp. Only ∼2 log10 reduction occurred with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp and K. pneumoniae, and antibiotic-susceptible K. pneumoniae.
Needlestick and sharps injuries in orthopedic surgery residents and fellows
Authors: Snavely Joseph E. , Service Benjamin C. , Miller Daniel , Langford Joshua R. , Koval Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Needlestick and sharps injury (NSSI) is a common occupational hazard of orthopedic surgery training. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and surrounding circumstances of intraoperative NSSI in orthopedic surgery residents and fellows and to examine postexposure reporting.Design:A 35-question cross-sectional survey.Setting:The study was conducted by orthopedic surgery residents and faculty at a nonprofit regional hospital.Participants:The questionnaire was distributed to US allopathic orthopedic surgery residency and fellowship programs; 300 orthopedic surgery trainees participated in the survey.Results:Of 223 trainees who had completed at least 1 year of residency, 172 (77.1%) sustained an NSSI during residency, and 57 of 63 trainees (90.5%) who had completed at least 4 years sustained an NSSI during residency. The most common causes of NSSI were solid needles, followed by solid pins or wires. The surgical activity most associated with NSSI was wound closure, followed by fracture fixation. The type of surgery most frequently associated with NSSI was orthopedic trauma, followed by hip and knee arthroplasty. Of 177 trainees who had sustained a prior NSSI, 99 (55.9%) failed to report all events to their institution’s occupational health department.Conclusions:The incidence of NSSI during residency training is high, with >90% of trainees in their fifth year or later of training having received an injury during their training, with a mean of >4 separate events. Most trainees with an NSSI did not report all of their events, which implies that changes are needed in the incident reporting process universally.
Evaluating Devonian bioregionalization: quantifying biogeographic areas
Authors: Dowding Elizabeth M. , Ebach Malte C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe work of Arthur J. Boucot (vale, 1924–2017) is foundational to Devonian biogeography. Cited more than 1000 times and mentioned in excess of 105,000 times, his classification of the Old World, Eastern Americas, and Malvinokaffric realms has become the framework for Devonian biogeographic and faunal studies. This study is the first to test and quantify the biotic area classification using the distributional data of trilobite, brachiopod, and fish taxa across the Lower, Middle, and Late Devonian. The biotic similarity analysis of 676 genera (ca. 30,000 occurrences) of late Silurian (Ludlow–Pridoli) and Devonian taxa represents the largest quantification of distributional data undertaken in Devonian biogeography. The temporal area approach (TAAp), applied here for the first time, failed to recover in the area phenogram many of the realms and regions used by Devonian biogeographers, excepting the Malvinokaffric realm, across the entirety of the Devonian. The Old World and Western Gondwana realms are found to be artificial and in need of revision. Without natural areas, bioregionalizations (area classifications) become unstable and unusable, resulting in authors creating further artificial regions and provinces. This study offers a better solution, namely, to identify artificial areas in existing area classifications using TAAp and biotic similarity analysis and revise them. Area classifications are modeled on taxonomic process (Wilson and Brown 1953; Starrett 1958) and the movement toward revision is necessary to break the cycle of reinvention of realms and regions within bioregionalization.
Input–output relations in Hebrew verb acquisition at the morpho-lexical interface
Authors: ASHKENAZI Orit , GILLIS Steven , RAVID Dorit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examined early Hebrew verb acquisition, highlighting CDS–CS relations across inflectional and derivational verb learning. It was carried out on a corpus of longitudinal dense dyadic interactions of two Hebrew-speaking toddlers aged 1;8–2;2 and their parents. Findings revealed correlated patterns within and between CDS and CS corpora in terms of verbs, structural root categories, and their components (roots,binyanconjugations, and derivational verb families), and clear relations between lexical-derivational development and inflectional growth in input–output relations, measured by MSP. It also showed that both corpora had few, yet highly semantically coherent, derivational families. Lexical learning in Hebrew was shown to be morphologically oriented, with both inflectional and derivational learning supporting and being supported by the development of the verb lexicon. These findings support findings in the general literature regarding the close relationship between parental input and child speech, and the affinity between lexical and grammatical growth.
Comparing environmental and socioeconomic drivers of illegal capture of wild birds in Brazil
Authors: Destro Guilherme Fernando Gomes , De Marco Paulo , Terribile Levi Carina 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn order to conserve species exploited by trafficking, governmental actions should be directed to source areas, aiming to reduce or eliminate illegal and indiscriminate trapping. However, few studies have diagnosed and prioritized the most relevant drivers of the illegal capture of wild animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the main drivers of the illegal capture of wild birds in Brazil. A literature review and a multivariate modelling approach indicated the economic, social and environmental factors that display the greatest influence in boosting this illicit activity worldwide. Our search revealed seven drivers of illegal wildlife capture addressed by researchers in studies carried out in source countries. This is the first broad-scale study in Brazil showing that higher native vegetation coverage and greater proximity to protected areas were the main drivers of illegal wild bird capture for trafficking. Thus, actions that aim to protect species threatened by trafficking require a multidisciplinary approach encompassing social, economic and environmental factors.