bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population growth potential of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato, potato, and eggplant
Authors: Kanle Satishchandra Nitin , Chakravarthy Akshay Kumar , Özgökçe Mehmet Salih , Atlihan Remzi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe influence of host plant on population dynamics of an invasive pest, Tuta absoluta was studied on three economically important solanaceous crops. Experiments were conducted in laboratory (29 ± 0.5°C, 75 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 hr [L:D]) using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Results indicated that intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) were higher, and mean generation time (T) was the shortest on tomato. Results suggested that T. absoluta developed on all the three plants, and tomato plant was most preferred one. Results suggested that T. absoluta has a potential to become a serious pest on potato and even on eggplant under favourable conditions. We used the life tables of 0.025th and 0.975th percentiles of bootstraps to project the uncertainty of population growth, a new concept.
Identification and functional characterization of Histone‐like DNA‐binding protein in Nocardia seriolae (NsHLP) involved in cell apoptosis
Authors: Wang Wenji , Chen Jianlin , Liao Baoshan , Xia Liqun , Hou Suying , Wang Zhiwen , Lu Yishan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNocardia seriolae, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the main pathogen of fish nocardiosis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the histone‐like DNA‐binding protein (HLP) gene of N. seriolae (nshlp) encoded a secreted protein and might target the mitochondria in the host cell. To further study the preliminary function of HLP in N. seriolae (NsHLP), the gene cloning, extracellular products identification, subcellular localization, overexpression and apoptosis detection assay were carried out in this study. Mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular products from N. seriolae showed that NsHLP was a secreted protein. Subcellular localization of HLP‐GFP fusion proteins mainly assembled in the nucleus, which indicated that the NsHLP was co‐located with the nucleus rather than mitochondria in fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Notably, the expression of NsHLP had changed the distribution of mitochondria into lumps in the FHM cell. In addition, apoptotic features were found in the transfected FHM cells by overexpression of NsHLP. Quantitative assays of mitochondrial membrane potential value, caspase‐3 activity and pro‐apoptotic genes mRNA (Bad, Bid and Bax) expression level demonstrated that the cell apoptosis was induced in the transfected FHM cells. All the results presented in this study provided insight on the function of NsHLP, which suggested that it may participate in the cell apoptosis regulation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of N. seriolae.
First report of isolation and complete genome of Vibrio rotiferianus strain SSVR1601 from cage‐cultured black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) associated with skin ulcer
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yu Yong‐xiang , Jiang Yong , Wang Yin‐geng , Liao Mei‐jie , Rong Xiao‐jun , Wang Kai , Zhang Hao , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVibrio rotiferianus is an important marine pathogen of various aquatic organisms and can be found widely distributed in the marine environment. To further characterize this pathogen, the pathogenic properties and genome of V. rotiferianus SSVR1601 isolated from Sebastes schlegelii with skin ulcer were analysed. SSVR1601 was shown to be short rod‐shaped cell with a single polar flagellum. Different degrees of pathological changes in fish kidney, intestine, gills and liver were observed after SSVR1601 challenge. The SSVR1601 genome consists of two chromosomes and two plasmids with a total of 5,717,113 bp, 42.04%–44.93% GC content, 5,269 predicted CDSs, 134 tRNAs and 40 rRNAs. The common virulence factors including OMPs, haemolysin, flagellin, DNase, entF, algU, tcpI, acfB and rfaD were found in strain SSVR1601. Furthermore, factors responsible for iron uptake (fur, fepC and ccmC) and types II, IV and VI secretion systems were detected, which are likely responsible for the pathogenicity of SSVR1601. The antimicrobial resistance genes, bacA, tet34 and norM, were detected based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database. The phylogenetic analysis revealed SSVR1601 to be most closely related to V. rotiferianus strains CAIM577 and B64D1.
Genetic parameters for resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in turbot Scophthalmus maximus
Authors: Wang Xin‐An , Ma Ai‐Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenetic parameters for resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in Scophthalmus maximus were estimated using three different statistical models. Data were recorded from an experimental infection performed on 2,400 individuals from 30 full‐sib groups. Cross‐sectional linear model and cross‐sectional threshold probit model were used to analyse the test‐period survival; the cross‐sectional threshold logit models were used to analyse the test‐day survival. The heritability values estimated by cross‐sectional linear model (CSL), cross‐sectional threshold (probit) model (THRp) and cross‐sectional threshold (logit) model (THRl) were 0.202 ± 0.101, 0.296 ± 0.168 and 0.110 ± 0.023, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the full‐sib families’ estimated breeding values (EBVs) based on these three models were over 0.993. An almost identical ranking of families was generated using any of these models. Accuracy of selection using CSL, THRp and THRl models was 0.783, 0.789 and 0.801, respectively. Accuracy of selection based on the THRl model was higher than that based on CSL and THRp models.
Leech (Myzobdella lugubris) infestations in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Back Bay, Virginia, USA
Authors: Pomposini Amanda , Blubaugh Jonathan , Boyce Robert Chad , Gauthier David T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBack Bay is an oligohaline, coastal bay in southeast Virginia, USA. Since 2004, leeches have been observed in the oral cavities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in this body of water. Leeches (Myzobdella lugubris) have previously been documented in the oral cavities of largemouth bass in the Currituck Sound, which is confluent with Back Bay on its southern border. Supplemental stocking of largemouth bass in Back Bay since 2009 has resulted in an increasing population; however, concern exists that leech infestation may be negatively affecting health of larger fish, which are still less abundant than expected. Despite the wide distribution of this leech, there is little available literature regarding its health impacts on hosts. In this study, we examine potential impacts of oral leech infestations on stress markers and haematological parameters of largemouth bass in Back Bay. No significant changes in plasma glucose or cortisol were observed between leech‐infested and uninfested fish, and haematological parameters were not significantly different between the groups. Further, there was no evidence of systemic infections associated with leech infestation.
Does Ralstonia eutropha, rich in poly‐β hydroxybutyrate (PHB), protect blue mussel larvae against pathogenic vibrios?
Authors: Van Hung Nguyen , Bossier Peter , Hong Nguyen Thi X. , Ludeseve Christine , Garcia‐Gonzalez Linsey , Nevejan Nancy , De Schryver Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe natural amorphous polymer poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB‐A: lyophilized Ralstonia eutropha containing 75% PHB) was used as a biological agent to control bacterial pathogens of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae. The larvae were supplied with PHB‐A at a concentration of 1 or 10 mg/L for 6 or 24 hr, followed by exposure to either the rifampicin‐resistant pathogen Vibrio splendidus or Vibrio coralliilyticus at a concentration of 105 CFU/ml. Larvae pretreated 6 hr with PHB‐A (1 mg/L) survived a Vibrio challenge better relative to 24 hr pretreatment. After 96 hr of pathogen exposure, the survival of PHB‐A‐treated mussel larvae was 1.41‐ and 1.76‐fold higher than the non‐treated larvae when challenged with V. splendidus and V. coralliilyticus, respectively. Growth inhibition of the two pathogens at four concentrations of the monomer β‐HB (1, 5, 25 and 125 mM) was tested in vitro in LB35 medium, buffered at two different pH values (pH 7 and pH 8). The highest concentration of 125 mM significantly inhibited the pathogen growth in comparison to the lower levels. The effect of β‐HB on the production of virulence factors in the tested pathogenic Vibrios revealed a variable pattern of responses.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Edwardsiella isolates from different fish species and geographical areas in Asia: Implications for vaccine development
Authors: Dubey Saurabh , Maiti Biswajit , Kim Sung‐Hyun , Sivadasan Sangeetha Madambithara , Kannimuthu Dhamotharan , Pandey Pramod Kumar , Girisha Shivani Kallappa , Mutoloki Stephen , Chen Shih‐Chu , Evensen Øystein , Karunasagar Indrani , Munang´andu Hetron Mweemba 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe genus Edwardsiella is one of the major causes of fish diseases globally. Herein, we examined 37 isolates from ten different fish species from India, South Korea and Taiwan to gain insight into their phenotypic and genotypic properties, of which 30 were characterized as E. tarda with phenotypic homology estimated at 85.71% based on API‐20E biochemical tests. Genotyping using 16S rRNA put all isolates together with E. anguillarum, E. hoshinae, E. tarda, E. piscicida and E. ictaluri reference strains in a monophyletic group. In contrast, the gyrB phylogenetic tree clearly separated E. ictaluri, E. tarda and E. hoshinae reference strains from our isolates and put our isolates into two groups with group I being homologous with the E. anguillarum reference strain while group II was homologous with the E. piscicida reference strain. Hence, our findings point to E. piscicida and E. anguillarum as species infecting different fish species in Asia. Homology of the ompW protein suggested that strains with broad protective coverage could be identified as vaccine candidates. This study underscores the importance of combining genotyping with phenotyping for valid species classification. In addition, it accentuates the importance of phylogenetic comparison of bacterial antigens for identification of potential vaccine candidates.
Controversies and reality of the FODMAP diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Halmos Emma P , Gibson Peter R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince its first trial showing evidence of efficacy for managing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, the fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet has been gaining popularity but not without criticism. Application of the diet has changed from a rigid list of “allowed” and “not allowed” foods to a structured program of initial FODMAP restriction followed by food reintroduction and finally personalization so that patients are empowered to adjust their diet themselves to achieve good predictability of symptoms. Safety concerns of the diet have centered around its initial elimination leading to compromise of nutritional and psychological health, but careful patient assessment and management, preferably through a FODMAP‐trained dietitian, will reduce the risk of such negative health outcomes. Most negative attention for the FODMAP diet has been the notion that it will ruin the microbiota. Controlled studies have indicated that reducing FODMAP intake has no effects on bacterial diversity but will reduce total bacterial abundance, and higher FODMAP intakes will increase health‐promoting bacteria, supporting the concept of the full FODMAP program, including attaining a minimal “maintenance” level of FODMAP restriction. This review addresses all these concerns in detail and how to overcome them, including the use of a “FODMAP‐gentle” diet, describing restriction of a select few foods very concentrated in FODMAPs. This version of the diet is commonly applied in practice by experienced FODMAP‐trained dietitians but is not clearly described in literature. Careful direction and assessment of response or nonresponse will decrease the risks of over‐restriction and under‐restriction of diet.
Implementing Advance Care Planning in Acute Hospitals: Leading the Transformation of Norms
Authors: Tan Woan Shin , Car Josip , Lall Priya , Low Chan Kee , Ho Andy Hau Yan 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDDespite being simply defined as a process to further one's understanding about future medical care, the process of implementing advance care planning (ACP) within acute hospital settings can be complex.AIMWe describe different ACP service models adopted in Singapore, and the facilitators for, and barriers to, its effective implementation.DESIGNQualitative focus group study with thematic analysis.SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTSWe purposefully sampled four stakeholder groups involved in the implementation of ACP. Our sample included 63 participants, 12 physicians, 15 nurses, 24 medical social workers, and 12 ACP coordinators from seven public hospitals and one specialist center.RESULTSWe describe three different acute‐care models adopted in Singapore, differentiated by leadership approach, target population, delivery process, and job roles. Our results revealed nine themes, organized into four categories, including: (1) hospital culture (curative norms, absence of preference‐supportive culture), (2) organizational priority and leadership (low priority on hospital agenda, inappropriate leadership), (3) goals and distinction (lack of shared purpose and goals, no clear differentiation from existing practices), and (4) work practices (pigeonholing of ACP practice, inappropriate resourcing, accountability and feedback).CONCLUSIONWe learned that to implement ACP effectively in an acute‐care setting, there needs to be a cultural and behavioral transformation, led by committed and empowered leaders. Organizations that can create a shared purpose built on an ethos of honoring patients' preferences, and support this with systematic processes and adequate resourcing, will be more equipped to implement ACP effectively.
Ionized calcium in human cerebrospinal fluid and its influence on intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the rat
Authors: Forsberg My , Seth Henrik , Björefeldt Andreas , Lyckenvik Tim , Andersson Mats , Wasling Pontus , Zetterberg Henrik , Hanse Eric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is well‐known that the extracellular concentration of calcium affects neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Less is known about the physiological concentration of extracellular calcium in the brain. In electrophysiological brain slice experiments, the artificial cerebrospinal fluid traditionally contains relatively high concentrations of calcium (2‐4 mM) to support synaptic transmission and suppress neuronal excitability. Using an ion‐selective electrode, we determined the fraction of ionized calcium in healthy human cerebrospinal fluid to 1.0 mM of a total concentration of 1.2 mM (86%). Using patch‐clamp and extracellular recordings in the CA1 region in acute slices of rat hippocampus, we then compared the effects of this physiological concentration of calcium with the commonly used 2 mM on neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and long‐term potentiation (LTP) to examine the magnitude of changes in this range of extracellular calcium. Increasing the total extracellular calcium concentration from 1.2 to 2 mM decreased spontaneous action potential firing, induced a depolarization of the threshold, and increased the rate of both de‐ and repolarization of the action potential. Evoked synaptic transmission was approximately doubled, with a balanced effect between inhibition and excitation. In 1.2 mM calcium high‐frequency stimulation did not result in any LTP, whereas a prominent LTP was observed at 2 or 4 mM calcium. Surprisingly, this inability to induce LTP persisted during blockade of GABAergic inhibition. In conclusion, an increase from the physiological 1.2 mM to 2 mM calcium in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid has striking effects on neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and the induction of LTP.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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National survey of uterine rupture in Japan: Annual report of Perinatology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Authors: Makino Shintaro , Takeda Satoru , Kondoh Eiji , Kawai Kenta , Takeda Jun , Matsubara Shigeki , Itakura Atsuo , Sago Haruhiko , Tanigaki Shinji , Tanaka Mamoru , Ikeda Tomoaki , Kanayama Naohiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo clarify the frequency of occurrence of uterine rupture and its prognosis, a nationwide survey was performed.MethodsCases of uterine rupture recorded for a period of 5 years were included.ResultsThere were 152 cases of uterine rupture with an incidence rate of 0.015%. The scarred uterine rupture cases were found to have a significantly earlier occurrence of uterine ruptures in comparison to the unscarred cases: unscarred 39.0 weeks, cesarean section 37.0 weeks, myomectomy 32 weeks and adenomyomectomy 30–32 weeks. And it became apparent that the frequency of hysterectomy, cerebral palsy and neonatal death were higher in the cases of uterine rupture during labor than before delivery. Among the cases of scarred uterine rupture, neonatal prognosis was poorer in cases of pregnancy after myomectomy or adenomyomectomy in comparison with postcesarean section cases.ConclusionThis survey revealed the current incidence of uterine rupture in Japan.
Effect of oral supplementation of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium on the composition of the faecal microbiota of foals
Authors: Urubschurov Vladimir , Stroebel Christina , Günther Elena , Romanowski Kristin , Büsing Kirsten , Zeyner Annette 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEffects of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of foals are yet insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (DSM 7133) and Enterococcus faecium (DSM 7134) influences the bacterial composition of the faecal microbiota of foals. A total of 34 newborn foals were randomly assigned to the placebo group (PG, n = 16) and the treatment group (TG, n = 18). From day 1 to day 14 of life, foals orally received 3 ml of either a probiotic preparation (1.05 × 109 CFU E. faecium and 4.50 × 108 CFU L. rhamnosus) or placebo (carrier) once a day. Faeces were collected directly from the rectum immediately after birth (meconium) and at day 14 and day 56 of life. Samples of 12 foals per group were selected for microbiological analysis. DNA was extracted and used for polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and quantitative PCR. No DNA or amplicons were obtained from meconium. There were no differences in richness of bands and Shannon index of diversity regarding the Clostridium cluster XIVa between groups. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis of DGGE data showed a clear effect of age. Band‐based similarity of bacterial clusters (Dice coefficient) decreased from day 14 to day 56 of life (p < 0.001) in PG foals only resulting in lower similarity in PG versus TG foals when 2 month old (p < 0.01). Five of thirty re‐amplified bands were identified on species level. Others were assigned either to family (mainly Lachnospiraceae) or genus level (Akkermansia). The bands related to Akkermansia muciniphila or Akkermansia spp. appeared almost in all DGGE profiles. Two‐week supplementation of the probiotic preparation to foals had no significant impact on the composition of the faecal microbiota but it appears to have prevented the reduction of bacterial similarity between 2 and 8 weeks of age observed in not treated foals.
No differences in microbiome changes between anti‐adhesive and antibacterial ingredients in toothpastes during periodontal therapy
Authors: Hagenfeld Daniel , Prior Karola , Harks Inga , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , May Theodor W. , Harmsen Dag , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Ehmke Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AimThis subgroup analysis of a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, and two‐center trial aimed to evaluate whether two different toothpaste formulations can differentially modulate the dental microbiome.Material and MethodsForty one mild to moderate periodontitis patients used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment either a toothpaste with anti‐adhesive zinc‐substituted carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) or with antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2) during a 12‐week period. Plaque samples from buccal/lingual, interproximal, and subgingival sites were taken at baseline, 4 weeks after oral hygiene phase, and 8 weeks after periodontal therapy. Samples were analyzed with paired‐end Illumina Miseq 16SrDNAsequencing. The differences and changes on community level (alpha and beta diversity) and on the level of single agglomerated ribosomal sequence variants (aRSV) were calculated with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsInterproximal and subgingival sites harbored predominatelyFusobacteriumandPrevotellaspecies associated with periodontitis, whereas buccal/lingual sites harbored mainlyStreptococcusandVeillonellaspecies associated with periodontal health. Alpha and beta diversity did not change noticeably differently between both toothpaste groups (P > 0.05,ANCOVA). Furthermore, none of theaRSVs showed a noticeably different change between the tested toothpastes during periodontal therapy (Padj .> 0.05,LRT).ConclusionThe use of a toothpaste containing anti‐adhesiveHAdid not induce statistically noticeably different changes on microbial composition compared to an antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive AmF/SnF2formulation.
Safety and efficacy of orally administered telmisartan for the treatment of systemic hypertension in cats: Results of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Coleman Amanda E. , Brown Scott A. , Traas Anne M. , Bryson Lawrence , Zimmering Tanja , Zimmerman Alicia 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundInformation regarding the efficacy of telmisartan for feline systemic arterial hypertension is limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of PO administered telmisartan solution in hypertensive cats.AnimalsClient‐owned cats with indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) of 160‐200 mm Hg, based on multiple measurements.MethodsThis multicenter trial consisted a 28‐day, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, efficacy phase and a 154‐day extended‐use telmisartan phase. Hypertensive cats were randomly assigned to receive 1.5 mg telmisartan/kg PO q12h for 14 days, followed by 2 mg telmisartan/kg PO q24h, or equivalent volume of placebo. Systolic blood pressure was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Change in SBP compared to baseline was calculated for days 14 and 28. Telmisartan efficacy was defined as significant decrease in SBP at day 14 compared to placebo and a clinically relevant (>20 mm Hg) decrease in SBP at day 28.ResultsTwo‐hundred twenty‐one cats were included. On day 14, least squares mean (95% confidence interval) SBP decrease was significantly larger in telmisartan‐treated (−23.3 mm Hg [−28.2 to −18.3]) versus placebo‐treated (−7.5 mm Hg [−13.6 to −1.5]) cats (P = .0005). On day 28, telmisartan treatment resulted in a clinically relevant SBP decrease (−23.9 mm Hg [−27.8 to −20.0]), whereas placebo did not (−11.6 mm Hg [−17.4 to −5.9 mm Hg]). The decrease in SBP persisted over the 6‐month trial in telmisartan‐treated cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTelmisartan significantly decreased SBP to a clinically relevant extent and was well tolerated in hypertensive cats.