bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the fidelity of thermometers at ultrahigh temperatures
Authors: Clark Chris , Taylor Richard J. M. , Johnson Tim E. , Harley Simon L. , Fitzsimons Ian C. W. , Oliver Liam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA highly residual granulite facies rock (sample RG07‐21) from Lunnyj Island in the Rauer Group, East Antarctica, presents an opportunity to compare different approaches to constraining peak temperature in high‐grade metamorphic rocks. Sample RG07‐21 is a coarse‐grained pelitic migmatite composed of abundant garnet and orthopyroxene along with quartz, biotite, cordierite, and plagioclase with accessory rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and monazite. The inferred sequence of mineral growth is consistent with a clockwise pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution when compared with a forward model (P–T pseudosection) for the whole‐rock chemical composition. Peak metamorphic conditions are estimated at 9 ± 0.5 kbar and 910 ± 50°C based on conventional Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometry, Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry, and calculated compositional isopleths. U–Pb ages from zircon rims and neocrystallized monazite grains yield ages of c. 514 Ma, suggesting that crystallization of both minerals occurred towards the end of the youngest pervasive metamorphic episode in the region known as the Prydz Tectonic Event. The rare earth element compositions of zircon and garnet are consistent with equilibrium growth of these minerals in the presence of melt. When comparing the thermometry methods used in this study, it is apparent that the Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometer provides the most reliable estimate of peak conditions. There is a strong textural correlation between the temperatures obtained using the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer––maximum temperatures are recorded by a single rutile grain included within orthopyroxene, whereas other grains included in garnet, orthopyroxene, quartz, and biotite yield a range of temperatures down to 820°C. Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry returns significantly lower temperature estimates of 678–841°C. Estimates at the upper end of this range are consistent with growth of zircon from crystallizing melt at temperatures close to the elevated (H2O undersaturated) solidus. Those estimates, significantly lower than the calculated temperature of this residual solidus, may reflect isolation of rutile from the effective equilibration volume leading to an activity of TiO2 that is lower than the assumed value of unity.
Ovarian serous carcinoma in synthetic mesh: A rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Grin Leonti , Namazov Ahmet , Gemer Ofer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer relapse is a devastating condition with a poor prognosis. Synthetic mesh carcinogenicity is an entity scarcely reported in the literature. We present a rare case of an ovarian serous tumor relapsed in a polypropylene mesh previously inserted for pelvic organ prolapse correction and a review of the available literature. Our case report point to a possible association between synthetic mesh and ovarian cancer relapse.
Aggressive adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary without a FOXL2 mutation: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Koichi , Abiko Kaoru , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Maeda Hirona , Murakami Ryusuke , Kitamura Sachiko , Horie Akihito , Mandai Masaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report a case of aggressive adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) of the ovary. On presentation, the tumor was localized in the right ovary; a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and partial omentectomy were performed. While some areas of the tumor represented typical AGCT, other areas showed enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei with numerous mitoses (>10/high‐power field) with marked necrosis. The results of immunohistochemical analysis were compatible with AGCT, except that, in the necrotic portion, p53 was strongly positive, and the Ki‐67 index was high. Four months after laparotomy, recurrent tumors developed in the bones, liver, lungs and dura mater. The patient responded well to chemotherapy consisting of five cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin, but later, the tumors rapidly proliferated, and the patient died of disease 11 months after laparotomy. FOXL2 examination demonstrated that both portions of the primary tumor did not have a point mutation (402C→G) specific to AGCT.
What Characteristics Influence Whether Rural Beneficiaries Receiving Care From Urban Hospitals Return Home for Skilled Nursing Care?
Authors: Hoffman Abby F. , Pink George H. , Kirk Denise A. , Randolph Randy K. , Holmes George M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeSkilled nursing care (SNC) provides Medicare beneficiaries short‐term rehabilitation from an acute event. The purpose of this study is to assess beneficiary, market, and hospital factors associated with beneficiaries receiving care near home.MethodsThe population includes Medicare beneficiaries who live in a rural area and received acute care from an urban facility in 2013. “Near home” was defined 3 different ways based on distances from the beneficiary's home to the nearest source of SNC. Results include unadjusted means and odds ratios from logistic regression.FindingsAbout 69% of rural beneficiaries receiving acute care in an urban location returned near home for SNC. Beneficiaries returning home were white (odds ratio [OR] black: 0.69; other race: 0.79); male (OR: 1.07); older (OR age 85+ [vs 65‐69]: 1.14); farther from SNC (OR: 1.01 per mile); closer to acute care (OR: 0.28, logged miles); and received acute care from hospitals that did not own a skilled nursing facility (owned OR: 0.77) and hospitals with: no swing bed (swing bed OR: 0.47), high case mix (OR: 3.04), and nonprofit status (for‐profit OR: 0.85). Results varied somewhat across definitions of “near home.”ConclusionsRural Medicare beneficiaries who received acute care far from home were more likely to receive SNC far from home. Because Medicare beneficiaries have the choice of where to receive SNC, policy makers may consider ensuring that new payment models do not incentivize provision of SNC away from home.
Grazing and warming effects on shrub growth and plant species composition in subalpine dry tundra: An experimental approach
Authors: Løkken Jørn Olav , Hofgaard Annika , Dalen Linda , Hytteborn Håkan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionsVegetation in the forest–tundra ecotone faces changes in both climate and land‐use. While climate warming is an important driver of vegetation growth and composition, herbivory may have opposing effects. In the present study, we experimentally test how removal of sheep herbivory affects the vegetation in an alpine forest–tundra ecotone, and how responses are manifested at higher temperatures.LocationDovre Mountains, Central Norway.MethodsShrub growth (height and cover) and ground layer composition were analysed each third year over an 18‐year period in a nested, three‐factorial experiment (ambient temperature and herbivory; ambient temperature and no herbivory; increased temperature and no herbivory). Fencing and open‐top‐chambers were used as expedients. Treatment effects and interactions over time were analysed using linear mixed effects models and ordination.ResultsShrub height and cover increased over time due to reduced herbivory, but without additional warming effect. Lichen cover declined in all treatments over time, but more rapidly and earlier under warming treatment (significant after three years). Contrary to expectations, there was no statistically significant increase in woody species due to warming, although evergreen woody species displayed a trend shift after six years, comprising a sharp decline towards year twelve. Litter accumulated in all treatments, but at higher rates under warming (significant after nine years).ConclusionsOur results disclose removal of sheep herbivory as a prominent driver of shrub growth, with warming as a subordinate driver in the studied alpine vegetation. The warming‐driven increased litter abundance may, however, be caused by the decrease of wind inside chambers and the subsequent absence of wind‐driven removal of litter. This chamber effect and the displayed timing differences in vegetation responses call for the critical use of short‐term experimental data in predictions of long‐term consequences of environmental change.
High nitrogen contribution by Gunnera magellanica and nitrogen transfer by mycorrhizas drive an extraordinarily fast primary succession in sub‐Antarctic Chile
Authors: Benavent‐González Alberto , Raggio José , Villagra Johana , Blanquer José Manuel , Pintado Ana , Rozzi Ricardo , Green T. G. Allan , Sancho Leopoldo G. 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Chronosequences at the forefront of retreating glaciers provide information about colonization rates of bare surfaces. In the northern hemisphere, forest development can take centuries, with rates often limited by low nutrient availability. By contrast, in front of the retreating Pia Glacier (Tierra del Fuego, Chile), a Nothofagus forest is in place after only 34 yr of development, while total soil nitrogen (N) increased from near zero to 1.5%, suggesting a strong input of this nutrient.

We measured N‐fixation rates, carbon fluxes, leaf N and phosphorus contents and leaf δ15N in the dominant plants, including the herb Gunnera magellanica, which is endosymbiotically associated with a cyanobacterium, in order to investigate the role of N‐fixing and mycorrhizal symbionts in N‐budgets during successional transition.

G. magellanica presented some of the highest nitrogenase activities yet reported (potential maximal contribution of 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Foliar δ15N results support the framework of a highly efficient N‐uptake and transfer system based on mycorrhizas, with c. 80% of N taken up by the mycorrhizas potentially transferred to the host plant.

Our results suggest the symbiosis of G. magellanica with cyanobacteria, and trees and shrubs with mycorrhizas, to be the key processes driving this rapid succession.
Hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs in children
Authors: Atanasković‐Marković Marina , Janković Jelena , Tmušić Vladimir , Gavrović‐Jankulović Marija , Ćirković Veličković Tanja , Nikolić Dimitrije , Škorić Dejan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hypersensitivity reactions in children. These reactions are mainly cutaneous, self‐limiting, and benign, but life‐threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions can occur. Infections can lead to skin eruptions and mimic drug hypersensitivity reactions, if a drug is taken at the same time. The aims of our study were to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs in children and to detect an infection which mimics these reactions.MethodsA prospective survey was conducted in a group of 100 children with histories of hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs by performing patch tests, delayed‐reading intradermal test, and, in case of negative results, challenge test. In all children, a study was performed to detect infections by viruses orMycoplasma pneumoniae.ResultsMaculopapular exanthema and delayed‐appearing urticaria were the most reported hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs. Sixty‐six (66%) of 100 children had confirmed hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs. Fifty‐nine children had positive patch test. No children had positive challenge tests. The most common AEDs causing hypersensitivity reactions were carbamazepine (45.4%) and lamotrigine (43.6%). Thirty‐two children had positive tests for viruses orM pneumoniae,and nine of them had also a positive allergy work‐up.ConclusionConsidering that there are no specific tests to distinguish between a viral infection and hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs in the acute phase, a diagnostic work‐up should be performed in all children with suspected hypersensitivity reactions to AEDs, as well as infectious agent study, to remove a false label of hypersensitivity.
Comparative population genomics identified genomic regions and candidate genes associated with fruit domestication traits in peach
Authors: Cao Ke , Li Yong , Deng Cecilia H. , Gardiner Susan E. , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei , Wang Lirong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCrop evolution is a long‐term process involving selection by natural evolutionary forces and anthropogenic influences; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying the domestication and improvement of fruit crops have not been well studied to date. Here, we performed a population structure analysis in peach (Prunus persica) based on the genome‐wide resequencing of 418 accessions and confirmed the presence of an obvious domestication event during evolution. We identified 132 and 106 selective sweeps associated with domestication and improvement, respectively. Analysis of their tissue‐specific expression patterns indicated that the up‐regulation of selection genes during domestication occurred mostly in fruit and seeds as opposed to other organs. However, during the improvement stage, more up‐regulated selection genes were identified in leaves and seeds than in the other organs. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using 4.24 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed 171 loci associated with 26 fruit domestication traits. Among these loci, three candidate genes were highly associated with fruit weight and the sorbitol and catechin content in fruit. We demonstrated that as the allele frequency of the SNPs associated with high polyphenol composition decreased during peach evolution, alleles associated with high sugar content increased significantly. This indicates that there is genetic potential for the breeding of more nutritious fruit with enhanced bioactive polyphenols without disturbing a harmonious sugar and acid balance by crossing with wild species. This study also describes the development of the genomic resources necessary for evolutionary research in peach and provides the large‐scale characterization of key agronomic traits in this crop species.
Assessment of Cas12a‐mediated gene editing efficiency in plants
Authors: Bernabé‐Orts Joan Miquel , Casas‐Rodrigo Iván , Minguet Eugenio G. , Landolfi Viola , Garcia‐Carpintero Victor , Gianoglio Silvia , Vázquez‐Vilar Marta , Granell Antonio , Orzaez Diego 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas12a editing system opens new possibilities for plant genome engineering. To obtain a comparative assessment of RNA‐guided endonuclease (RGEN) types in plants, we adapted the CRISPR/Cas12a system to the GoldenBraid (GB) modular cloning platform and compared the efficiency of Acidaminococcus (As) and Lachnospiraceae (Lb) Cas12a variants with the previously described GB‐assembled Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) constructs in eight Nicotiana benthamiana loci using transient expression. All three nucleases showed drastic target‐dependent differences in efficiency, with LbCas12 producing higher mutagenesis rates in five of the eight loci assayed, as estimated with the T7E1 endonuclease assay. Attempts to engineer crRNA direct repeat (DR) had little effect improving on‐target efficiency for AsCas12a and resulted deleterious in the case of LbCas12a. To complete the assessment of Cas12a activity, we carried out genome editing experiments in three different model plants, namely N. benthamiana, Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana. For the latter, we also resequenced Cas12a‐free segregating T2 lines to assess possible off‐target effects. Our results showed that the mutagenesis footprint of Cas12a is enriched in deletions of −10 to −2 nucleotides and included in some instances complex rearrangements in the surroundings of the target sites. We found no evidence of off‐target mutations neither in related sequences nor somewhere else in the genome. Collectively, this study shows that LbCas12a is a viable alternative to SpCas9 for plant genome engineering.
A directed learning strategy integrating multiple omic data improves genomic prediction
Authors: Hu Xuehai , Xie Weibo , Wu Chengchao , Xu Shizhong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGenomic prediction (GP) aims to construct a statistical model for predicting phenotypes using genome‐wide markers and is a promising strategy for accelerating molecular plant breeding. However, current progress of phenotype prediction using genomic data alone has reached a bottleneck, and previous studies on transcriptomic and metabolomic predictions ignored genomic information. Here, we designed a novel strategy of GP called multilayered least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (MLLASSO) by integrating multiple omic data into a single model that iteratively learns three layers of genetic features (GFs) supervised by observed transcriptome and metabolome. Significantly, MLLASSO learns higher order information of gene interactions, which enables us to achieve a significant improvement of predictability of yield in rice from 0.1588 (GP alone) to 0.2451 (MLLASSO). In the prediction of the first two layers, some genes were found to be genetically predictable genes (GPGs) as their expressions were accurately predicted with genetic markers. Interestingly, we made three dramatic discoveries for the GPGs: (i) GPGs are good predictors for highly complex traits like yield; (ii) GPGs are mostly eQTL genes (cis or trans); and (iii) trait‐related transcriptional factor families are enriched in GPGs. These findings support the notion that learned GFs not only are good predictors for traits but also have specific biological implications regarding regulation of gene expressions. To differentiate the new method from conventional GP models, we called MLLASSO a directed learning strategy supervised by intermediate omic data. This new prediction model appears to be more reliable and more robust than conventional GP models.
RrMYB5‐ and RrMYB10‐regulated flavonoid biosynthesis plays a pivotal role in feedback loop responding to wounding and oxidation in Rosa rugosa
Authors: Shen Yuxiao , Sun Tingting , Pan Qi , Anupol Nachaisin , Chen Hai , Shi Jiewei , Liu Fang , Deqiang Duanmu , Wang Changquan , Zhao Jian , Yang Shuhua , Wang Caiyun , Liu Jihong , Bao Manzhu , Ning Guogui 
Published: April 2019

SummaryFlavonoids play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. Few studies have been reported on what the mechanism of activating flavonoid biosynthesis in plant responses to wounding and oxidation is. In this study, flavonoid metabolites and many MYB transcript factors from Rosa rugosa were verified to be induced by wounding and oxidation. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10, which belong to PA1‐ and TT2‐type MYB TFs, respectively, showed extremely high induction. Overexpression of RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 resulted in an increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins in R. rugosa and tobacco by promoting the expression of flavonoid structural genes. Transcriptomic analysis of the transgenic plants showed that most genes, involved in wounding and oxidation response and ABA signalling modulation, were up‐regulated by the overexpression of RrMYB10, which was very much similar to that observed in RrANR and RrDFR overexpression transgenics. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 physically interacted and mutually activated each other's expressions. They solely or synergistically activated the different sets of flavonoid pathway genes in a bHLH TF EGL3‐independent manner. Eventually, the accumulation of proanthocyanidins enhanced plant tolerance to wounding and oxidative stresses. Therefore, RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 regulated flavonoid synthesis in feedback loop responding to wounding and oxidation in R. rugosa. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis by MYB TFs and their essential physiological functions in plant responses to wounding and oxidative stresses.
Hydraulic redistribution of foliar absorbed water causes turgor‐driven growth in mangrove seedlings
Authors: Schreel Jeroen D.M. , Van de Wal Bart A.E. , Hervé‐Fernandez Pedro , Boeckx Pascal , Steppe Kathy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough foliar water uptake (FWU) has been shown in mature Avicennia marina trees, the importance for its seedlings remains largely unknown. A series of experiments were therefore performed using artificial rainfall events in a greenhouse environment to assess the ecological implications of FWU in A. marina seedlings. One‐hour artificial rainfall events resulted in an increased leaf water potential, a reversed sap flow, and a rapid diameter increment signifying a turgor‐driven growth of up to 30.1 ± 5.4 μm. Furthermore, the application of an artificial rainfall event with deuterated water showed that the amount of water absorbed by the leaves and transported to the stem was directly and univocally correlated to the observed growth spurts. The observations in this process‐based study show that FWU is an important water acquisition mechanism under certain circumstances and might be of ecological importance for the establishment of A. marina seedlings. Distribution of mangrove trees might hence be more significantly disturbed by climate change‐driven changes in rainfall patterns than previously assumed.
UV fluorescence excitation spectroscopy as a noninvasive predictor of epidermal proliferation and clinical performance of cosmetic formulations
Authors: Maidhof Robert , Liebel Frank , Hwang Cheng , Ruvolo Eduardo , Lyga John 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and is composed of cells primarily containing keratin. It consists of about ten layers of living cells (keratinocytes) and ten layers of dead cells (corneocytes). Thinning of the epidermis and decreased proliferation of its cells are associated with aging related changes in skin, including wrinkling and laxity. Fluorescence excitation spectroscopy is a noninvasive method of monitoring characteristic excitation‐emission peaks in skin that have been related to the epidermal and dermal composition. The magnitude of the peak that occurs at 295nm excitation (F295) has been linked to changes in epidermal thickness, proliferation, and skin aging.AimThe goal of this study is to correlate changes in the F295 signal with proliferation of cells and thickening of the epidermis induced by cosmetic formulations. We hypothesize that two commonly used cosmetic ingredients, retinol and glycolic acid, will increase these markers that have been implicated in skin anti‐aging.MethodsIn a placebo‐controlled study subjects' forearms were treated with formulations containing retinol or glycolic acid under occlusive patch for a period of 21 days. Skin fluorescence was measured at baseline and after treatment, and biopsies were taken following treatment for histological analysis of epidermal thickness and cell proliferation.ResultsAfter 21 days of treatment retinol and glycolic acid formulas significantly increased F295 (by 265.1±33.5% and 162.2±18.7% respectively), whereas the placebo control formula did not induce a change from baseline. Furthermore, retinol and glycolic acid treatments significantly increased epidermal thickness (by 63.1% and 7.8% respectively) and keratinocyte proliferation (by 236.9% and 62.8% respectively) versus placebo control.ConclusionIncreases in F295 were found to correlate with epidermal renewal, but more so with increased cell proliferation than epidermal thickness. We conclude that the F295 signal is a fast and reliable early indicator of epidermal remodeling in skin that can be used to distinguish between formulations with different cosmetic ingredients.