bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient increase in lactate dehydrogenase after granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor administration during chemotherapy in a patient with advanced seminoma
Authors: Takeda Shinako , Kawamura Sadafumi , Tanaka Takaki , Tochigi Tatsuo 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionGranulocyte colony‐stimulating factor is often reported to induce increases in lactate dehydrogenase, complicating the evaluation of treatment effects on germ cell tumors.Case presentationA 30‐year‐old patient was diagnosed with left testicular seminoma showing enlarged para‐aortic lymph nodes and a retroperitoneal tumor. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. Three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin were administered. After chemotherapy, computed tomography showed marked reduction in the metastatic sites. However, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels increased transiently at the end of each course of chemotherapy. In consideration of the residual tumors, one cycle of another chemotherapy was added. Five months after final chemotherapy, lactate dehydrogenase remained within normal limits with no evidence of tumor recurrence.ConclusionIn our case, transient elevation of lactate dehydrogenase was considered relevant to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor use. Examination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes may be helpful to estimate the cause of serum lactate dehydrogenase elevation.
The genomic alterations of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma can explain the differences of their overall survival rates
Authors: Meng Fanlu , Zhang Linlin , Ren Yaoyao , Ma Qing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the US, lung carcinoma accounted for over 150,000 deaths in 2018 and the advances in increasing survival rates are still limited. In this study, we investigated the cohorts with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) or lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas to figure out the risk factors and genomic alterations that affected their prognosis. The histoclinical factors that differed between LUAD and LUSC were identified and the risk factors affecting the overall survival were figured out for both LUAD and LUSC. Next, the patterns of nucleotides substitutions and the mutational signatures were extracted to illustrate whether different mutational processes performed for them. Finally, the genes that had different frequencies of mutation were identified. LUAD and LUSC presented differences in histoclinical factors including age at the time of diagnosis, sex, smoking history, pathological T classification, and overall survival. This was caused by the distinct genomic alterations including the transition‐to‐transversion ratios, mutational signatures, and the frequently mutated genes. We proposed that the mutational signature associated with aging could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD. On the other hand, the AID/APOBEC family was associated with the prognosis of LUSC. Finally, SNTG1 and LRRK2 might be important in LUAD and LUSC, respectively.
Artocarpin induces cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Lee Chiang‐Wen , Chi Miao‐Ching , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Liu Ju‐Fang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, because of side effects and drug resistance in chemotherapy and the insufficiency of an effective adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma, it is necessary to research novel treatments. This study was the first to investigate the anticancer effects of the flavonoid derivative artocarpin in osteosarcoma. Artocarpin induced cell apoptosis in three human osteosarcoma cell lines—U2OS, MG63, and HOS. Artocarpin was also associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction was followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and accompanied by decreased antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL and increased proapoptotic protein Bak and Bax. Artocarpin triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by changes in cytosol calcium levels and increased glucose‐regulated protein 78 and 94 expressions, and also increased calpains expression and activity. Animal studies revealed a dramatic 40% reduction in tumor volume after 18 days of treatment. This study demonstrated a novel anticancer activity of artocarpin against human osteosarcoma cells and in murine tumor models. In summary, artocarpin significantly induced cell apoptosis through ROS, ER stress, mitochondria, and the caspase pathway, and may thus be a novel anticancer treatment for osteosarcoma.
Sonographic diagnosis of an ileal adenomyoma in a neonate
Authors: Yan Yuxi , Liu Qinghua , Liu Xiaofang , Zhang Xincun , Miao Lili , Pang Huanping , Zhang Aiying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn ileal adenomyoma leading to intussusception is very rare. We describe the case of a 4‐month‐old boy who presented with hematochezia. He was diagnosed with ileal adenomyoma by sonography, which was confirmed by histopathology. This case confirms that sonography is the preferred modality to diagnose an ileal adenomyoma.
Reductive performance of ZVI/Cu polyscale particle to decolorize reactive black 5
Authors: Deng Hui , Zhang Congcong , Jiang Yang , Ma Zengqiang , Mao Zhiping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on direct reducing of copper ions by commercially available zero valent iron (ZVI), ZVI/Cu polyscale particles with high activation are synthesized and exhibit significant removal efficiency for reactive black (RB) dye. The ZVI/Cu polyscale particles could maintain a good performance for RB removal at a wide pH range of 3.0–9.0. Different from the mineralization process of other organic pollutants in ZVI/Cu system, the degradation kinetics of RB could be described well by novel pseudo‐second kinetic models. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) show the planting Cu has deposited on the surface of Fe0. The characterization of ZVI/Cu particles and RB solution before and after degradation reveals that decolorization of RB is not only resulted from the reduction process including direct reduction by accepting electrons from Fe0 oxidation and indirect reduction by atomic hydrogen generated on the ZVI/Cu surface, but also the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals in the mineralization procedure of RB dye.
Cloning of carrier cells infected with oncolytic adenovirus driven by midkine promoter and biosafety studies
Authors: Hamada Katsuyuki , Takagi Soichi , Kuboshima Hajime , Shimada Hideaki , Takagi Kazuko , Yasuoka Toshiaki , Matsubara Keiichi , Sassa Yukiko , Furuya Tetsuya , Suzuki Kazuhiko , Uchide Tsuyoshi , Mizutani Tetsuya , Tani Kenzaburo , Itoh Hiroshi , Sugiyama Takashi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundA549 carrier cells infected with oncolytic adenovirus can induce complete tumor reduction of subcutaneous ovarian tumors but not intraperitoneal disseminated ovarian tumors. This appears to be a result of the insufficient antitumor effect of A549 carrier cells. Therefore, in the present study, we cloned a novel carrier cell with the aim of improving the antitumor effects.MethodsCarrier cells infected with oncolytic adenovirus AdE3‐midkine with a midkine promoter were cloned by limiting dilution. We examined the antitumor effects of these cells on subcutaneous and intraperitoneal OVHM ovarian tumors in a syngeneic mouse model. Biosafety tests were conducted in beagle dogs and rabbits.ResultsWe cloned EHMK‐51‐35 carrier cells with 10‐fold higher antitumor effects compared to A549 carrier cells in vitro. EHMK‐51‐35 carrier cells co‐infected with AdE3‐midkine and Ad‐mGM‐CSF induced a 100% complete tumor reduction in subcutaneous tumors and a 60% reduction of intraperitoneal disseminated tumors. Single‐dose acute toxicity test on beagle dogs with EHMK‐51‐35 carrier cells co‐infected with AdE3‐midkine and Ad‐cGM‐CSF showed no serious side effects. Biologically active adenoviruses were not detected in the blood, saliva, feces, urine or whole organs. In a chronic toxicity test, VX2 tumors in rabbits were injected five times with EHMK‐51‐35 carrier cells infected with AdE3‐midkine and these rabbits showed no serious side effects.ConclusionsSignificant antitumor effects and safety of cloned EHMK‐51‐35 carrier cells were confirmed in intraperitoneal ovarian tumors and toxicity tests, respectively. These findings will be extended to preclinical efficacy studies using dogs and cats, with the aim of conducting human clinical trials on refractory solid tumors.
Assessing the adoption of lopinavir/ritonavir oral pellets for HIV‐positive children in Zimbabwe
Authors: Pasipanodya Briony , Kuwengwa Rudo , Prust Margaret L , Stewart Bethany , Chakanyuka Christine , Murimwa Tonderayi , Brophy Jason , Salami Olawale , Mushavi Angela , Apollo Tsitsi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionHeat‐stable lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) oral pellets were developed to overcome challenges with administration and storage experienced with previously available tablet and syrup forms of LPV/r prescribed to paediatric HIV patients. We report on the adoption of LPV/r pellets for infants living with HIV in the public sector antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in Zimbabwe.MethodsInfants aged three months to three years who had been prescribed a LPV/r‐based regimen (including ART‐naïve patients) in fourteen facilities across the country were eligible to receive the pellets. Caregivers were counselled on the new formulation and provided with administration guides. A caregiver questionnaire was administered three to four months after the child initiated on pellets. Data were also extracted from patient ART records.Results and discussionOne hundred and fifty‐seven children were enrolled (median age: 21 months; interquartile range 11.8 to 29.4). Survey data from 74 caregivers were included for analysis. Eighty‐one per cent of the caregivers preferred pellets while 19% preferred the syrup formulation. Eighty‐nine per cent assessed their child's response to taking the pellets as good or very good. Overall, 46% did not report any challenges while 54% reported one or more challenges with using the pellets. Difficulties with administration included: poor taste (36%; 26 participants); swallowing pellets (16%; 12 participants); finishing the dose (14%; 10 participants); and opening the capsule (10%; seven participants). Caregivers who were not confident to instruct others on pellet administration were 5.64 (95% confidence interval 1.45 to 21.95, p = 0.013) times as likely to experience a challenge.ConclusionsA large proportion of caregivers preferred pellets to other formulations of LPV/r and reported a good response to pellets; however, they also reported challenges with administration. Counselling should focus on ensuring that caregivers can confidently administer pellets and are able to instruct others, to ensure high uptake and good adherence to treatment. LPV/r pellets may be an acceptable substitute for other available forms of LPV/r for eligible children under three years if they are currently on or in need of LPV/r‐containing regimens; however, challenges with administration still highlight the need for improved drug formulations for paediatric ART patients.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: You Peng , Instrum Ryan , Parnes Lorne 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular end‐organ disease. This article aims to summarize research findings and key discoveries of BPPV. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, nonsurgical, and surgical management are discussed.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature regarding BPPV up through June 2018 was performed.ResultsBPPV is typified by sudden, brief episodes of vertigo precipitated by specific head movements. While often self‐limited, BPPV can have a considerable impact on quality of life. The diagnosis can be established with a Dix‐Hallpike maneuver for the posterior and anterior canals, or supine roll test for the horizontal canal, and typically does not require additional ancillary testing. Understanding the pathophysiology of both canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis has allowed for the development of various repositioning techniques. Of these, the particle repositioning maneuver is an effective way to treat posterior canal BPPV, the most common variant. Options for operative intervention are available for intractable cases or patients with severe and frequent recurrences.ConclusionsA diagnosis of BPPV can be made through clinical history along with diagnostic maneuvers. BPPV is generally amenable to in‐office repositioning techniques. For a small subset of patients with intractable BPPV, canal occlusion can be considered.Level of EvidenceN/A
Neuronal cell adhesion molecule regulating neural systems underlying addiction
Authors: Ishiguro Hiroki , Miyake Kunio , Tabata Koichi , Mochizuki Chiaki , Sakurai Takeshi , Onaivi Emmanuel S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsThe human NRCAM gene is associated with polysubstance use. Nrcam knockout mice do not acquire a preference for addictive substances. We aimed to elucidate the role of Nrcam in specific neural circuits underlying congenital preference for substances and the acquisition of addiction.MethodsWe analyzed gene expression patterns of neural molecules to find a common addiction pathway dependent on Nrcam function. We examined monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems in the brains of Nrcam knockout mice following treatment with methamphetamine (METH) or saline (SAL) using micro‐array gene expression analysis, which was replicated using TaqMan gene expression analysis. To find a common addiction pathway, we examined similarities and differences between the expression patterns of molecules in METH‐treated mice and in Nrcam knockout mice treated with cocaine (COC).ResultsGlutaminase expression in brain was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice after METH and COC treatment, consistent with our previous study. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expression was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice that received either METH or COC treatment. Several other molecules could act in independent addiction pathways involving METH or COC. We also found that GABA receptor subunit g2 expression was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice that underwent SAL treatment, and that METH treatment attenuated this reduction.ConclusionNrcam differentially regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic molecules in naive brains and in brains of animals with acquired addiction. Elucidating the complex neural mechanisms underlying polysubstance use will uncover biological features of addiction and may contribute to the development of effective pharmaceutical treatments.
Activating mutations in the MAP‐kinase pathway define non‐ossifying fibroma of bone
Authors: Baumhoer Daniel , Kovac Michal , Sperveslage Jan , Ameline Baptiste , Strobl Anna‐Christina , Krause Arthur , Trautmann Marcel , Wardelmann Eva , Nathrath Michaela , Höller Sylvia , Hardes Jendrik , Gosheger Georg , Krieg Andreas H , Vieth Volker , Tirabosco Roberto , Amary Fernanda , Flanagan Adrienne M , Hartmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNon‐ossifying fibroma (NOF), which occasionally results in pathologic fracture, is considered the most common benign and self‐limiting lesion of the growing skeleton. By DNA sequencing we have identified hotspot KRAS, FGFR1 and NF1 mutations in 48 of 59 patients (81.4%) with NOF, at allele frequencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.61. Our findings define NOF as a genetically driven neoplasm caused in most cases by activated MAP‐kinase signalling. Interestingly, this driving force either diminishes over time or at least is not sufficient to prevent autonomous regression and resolution. Beyond its contribution to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NOF, this study adds another benign lesion to the spectrum of KRAS‐ and MAP‐kinase signalling‐driven tumours. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Metal Phenylphosphonates on the Nonisothermal Crystallization and Performance of Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Jiang Xiaofeng , Zhao Shicheng , Meng Xin , Xin Zhong 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of metal phenylphosphonates as efficient nucleating agents (NAs) for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is reported and a possible structural correlation to the nucleation efficiency is studied. First, three kinds of metal phenylphosphonates are synthesized via reflux method: Ca(C6H5PO3)•2H2O (CaPPA), Ca(C6H5PO3H)2 (CaPPA2), and Al(HO3PC6H5)(O3PC6H5)•H2O (AlPPA2). Then, the nonisothermal crystallization behaviors, mechanical, and optical properties of iPP composites are investigated. Compared to CaPPA2 and AlPPA2, CaPPA exhibits more effective heterogeneous nucleation effect during iPP crystallization. Furthermore, the nucleation efficiency of CaPPA is similar to industrial standard NAs NA‐21 and NA‐11. With the addition of 0.1 wt % CaPPA, the crystallization temperature is enhanced and the parameter F(T) of Mo method is decreased appreciably. Moreover, the flexural modulus, impact strength, and haze values of iPP composites are improved remarkably by introducing CaPPA. The CH/π interaction between polymer and aromatic cleft of CaPPA is considered to facilitate the attachment of iPP chains and subsequent nucleation and crystallization, which is verified by the viscoelastic properties of pure iPP and composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 161–173
Design, Synthesis and Biological Screening of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles as Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Tambe Macchindra S. , Choudhari Amit , Sarkar Dhiman , Sangshetti Jaiprakash , Patil Rajesh , Gholap Somnath S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of novel 2,5‐disubstitued 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives bearing 2,2‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran scaffold has been synthesized and screened for antitubercular activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C‐NMR and Mass spectral study. The in vitro antitubercular activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra(ATCC 25177) strain. Among the synthesized compounds, four compound displayed good antitubercular activity IC50 values in low micro‐gram range (<10 μg/mL). The antitubercular data suggested that growth inhibition MTB can be imparted by the introduction of a 4‐ trifluoromethyl phenyl acetylene substituent. Specificity of these compounds was checked by screening them for their anti‐bacterial activity against four bacterial strains (Gram‐negative strains: E. coli, S. aureus; Gram‐positive strains: P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis). None of the compound displayed antibacterial activity against any of the seleted strain. Molecular docking studies were carried out on InhA (FabI/ENR) which shows that the synthesized compounds bind at the catalytic site in a most favourable manner suggesting their potential as anti‐mycobacterial agents. The research presented here was found to be adventitious for the development of new therapeutic agents against Mycobacterium infection.
Dopamine‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Probe for On‐Site Detection of Cyclosporine
Authors: Jahed Fatemeh Soghra , Hamidi Samin , Nemati Mahboob 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug used in organ transplants or for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It has a narrow therapeutic index indicating that there is not a large difference between the therapeutic and amounts associated with adverse effects; so, dosage individualization by measuring the cyclosporine is necessary for desirable clinical outcomes. We implemented and validated a simple, sensitive, and selective method using spectrophotometry to determine cyclosporine levels in human plasma as well as in drug formulation. Cyclosporine was determined with minimal pretreatment from biological complex samples. This method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The method is linear in the range of 0.17‐0.85 μM with correlation coefficient values of 0.99 for plasma samples. The precision and the accuracy values were lower than 15% according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. This method was successfully applied to find out cyclosporine concentration in two patients following oral administration as well as in drug formulation for quality control aims.
Enhanced Performance of Methyl Ester to Renewable Aromatics via Thermocatalytic Conversion over Metal‐Modified HZSM‐5 Zeolites: An Experimental Study
Authors: Bayat Ahmad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research was to study the effect of metal species on the conversion of canola oil methyl esters to renewable aromatics over HZSM‐5 zeolite. The Mo modified HZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their application in the conversion of methyl esters to aromatics was investigated. Various techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts comprising X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption‐desorption and ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD). The aromatization reaction was conducted under atmospheric pressure. The influence of operating temperature and Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) on the aromatics yields were studied. The reactor temperature and space velocity were adjusted at 400/450 °C and 2/4 hr−1, respectively. The major constituents of the product were organic liquid product (OLP), gases and water. The aromatic content of the OLP was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis. The major aromatic compound was toluene followed by para‐meta xylenes. An increase in aromatic yield was observed with the addition of Mo species into HZSM‐5 catalyst at lower space velocities. The maximum aromatic yield of 38.9% was obtained over MZ2 catalyst at lower space velocity and higher temperature. The parent and Mo modified HZSM‐5 catalysts retained the catalytic activity for up to 6 reaction‐regeneration cycles which encourages their potential for industrial applications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C2‐Selective Alkynylation of Indoles with Bromoalkynes
Authors: Zhao Shufang , Ma Wenchao , Yasir Mumtaz , Zhou Xinli , Cheng Jintang , Jiang Chao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Pd(II) catalyzed direct C2 alkynylation of indoles bearing N‐2‐pyrimidyl or N‐2‐pyridinyl moiety as a site‐specific directing group was developed with alkynyl halide. A highly regioselective manner can be achieved on a range of indole substrates with excellent functional group tolerance.
Bio‐Inspired Plasmonic Photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Leow Wan Ru , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe conversion of solar energy to sustainable energy sources is a significant field of study for the relief of the world's energy problems, and among the various strategies developed, semiconductor photocatalysts have received significant attention as a promising candidate due to their attractive efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and low cost. The enhancement of such photocatalysts with plasmonic materials, by virtue of the Schottky junction and localized surface plasma resonance phenomenon, could facilitate the rapid progress in enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation. To further improve photocatalytic efficiency, scientists look to nature for inspiration, culminating in the evolution of complex hierarchical structures in order to fully utilize the potential of solar energy. In the past decade, there has been significant progress in the development of bio‐inspired plasmonic photocatalysts, such as antireflective surfaces, 3D photonic structures, and branched structures. This review describes the state‐of‐the‐art bio‐inspired light manipulation approaches, as well as future challenges in solar energy harvesting by plasmonic photocatalysts.