bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphasic osteochondral scaffold fabrication using multi-material mask projection stereolithography
Authors: Wu Xiangquan , Lian Qin , Li Dichen , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study aims to develop a multi-material stereolithography (MMSL) technique to directly fabricate a biphasic osteochondral scaffold.

Design/methodology/approach
A bespoke prototype MMSL system was developed based on a bottom-up mask projection approach. The system was controlled by a multi-material fabrication algorithm with minimum number of switching cycles during fabrication. A variable-power light source was used to fabricate materials with significantly different curing characteristics. The light-curable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramic suspension were used for fabricating the biphasic osteochondral scaffold.

Findings
The bonding strength of the multi-material interface is shown to be mainly affected by the type of photopolymer, rather than the switching of the materials in MMSL. Lighting power densities of 2.64 and 14.98 mW/cm2 were used for curing the PEGDA hydrogel and the ß-TCP ceramic suspension, respectively. A biphasic osteochondral scaffold with complex interface was successfully fabricated.

Originality/value
This study proposes a potential technical method (MMSL) for manufacturing a complex biphasic osteochondral scaffold composing a PEGDA hydrogel/ß-TCP ceramic composite in a time-efficient and precise manner. The designed bone-cartilage scaffold interface and the surface of the cartilage scaffold can be precisely manufactured.
Characterization of shape memory polymer parts fabricated using material extrusion 3D printing technique
Authors: Garcia Rosales Carlos Alejandro , Kim Hoejin , Garcia Duarte Mario F. , Chavez Luis , Castañeda Mariana , Tseng Tzu-Liang Bill , Lin Yirong 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of recovering its original shape from a high degree of deformation by applying an external stimulus such as thermal energy. This research presents an integration of two commercial SMP materials (DiAPLEX and Tecoflex) and a material extrusion (ME) printer to fabricate SMP parts and specimens. The material properties such as Young’s modulus of the specimens was examined as a process output. Furthermore, stress-strain curve, strain recovery, instant shape-fixity ratio, long-term shape-fixity ratio and recovery ratio of SMP specimens during a thermo-mechanical cycle were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
The ME fabrication settings for the SMP specimens were defined by implementing a design of experiments with temperature, velocity and layer height as process variables.

Findings
It was found, according to main effect and iteration plots, that fabrication parameters have an impact on Young’s modulus and exist minimum iteration among variables. In addition, Young’s modulus variation of DiAPLEX and Tecoflex specimens was mostly caused by velocity and layer height parameters, respectively. Moreover, results showed that SMP specimens were able to recover high levels of deformation.

Originality/value
This paper is a reference for process control and for rheological properties of SMP parts produced by ME fabrication process.
Cold Plasma for Effective Fungal and Mycotoxin Control in Foods: Mechanisms, Inactivation Effects, and Applications
Authors: Misra N.N. , Yadav Barun , Roopesh M.S. , Jo Cheorun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCold plasma treatment is a promising intervention in food processing to boost product safety and extend the shelf‐life. The activated chemical species of cold plasma can act rapidly against micro‐organisms at ambient temperatures without leaving any known chemical residues. This review presents an overview of the action of cold plasma against molds and mycotoxins, the underlying mechanisms, and applications for ensuring food safety and quality. The cold plasma species act on multiple sites of a fungal cell resulting in loss of function and structure, and ultimately cell death. Likewise, the species cause chemical breakdown of mycotoxins through various pathways resulting in degradation products that are known to be less toxic. We argue that the preliminary reports from cold plasma research point at good potential of plasma for shelf‐life extension and quality retention of foods. Some of the notable food sectors which could benefit from antimycotic and antimycotoxin efficacy of cold plasma include, the fresh produce, food grains, nuts, spices, herbs, dried meat and fish industries.
A Case of Fatal Dehydration During Police Custody
Authors: Zilg Brita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the forensic literature, fatal dehydration predominantly concerns young children or incapacitated elderly persons. The postmortem diagnosis of fatal dehydration can be challenging to confirm, especially if the preceding circumstances are unknown. Here presented is a case of a 23‐year‐old man who died while held in an isolation cell during police custody for 18 days. Autopsy findings were unspecific, but vitreous fluid analysis showed 192 mmol/L sodium, 179 mmol/L chloride, 16 mmol/L potassium, 352 μmol/L (3.98 mg/dL) creatinine, and 81 mmol/L (226.9 mg/dL) urea nitrogen. Based on the findings and circumstances, the cause of death was determined as severe dehydration and manner of death accident. This case illustrates the importance of performing postmortem biochemistry.
Comparative Assessment of a Novel Photo‐Anthropometric Landmark‐Positioning Approach for the Analysis of Facial Structures on Two‐Dimensional Images
Authors: Flores Marta R. P. , Machado Carlos E. P. , Gallidabino Matteo D. , de Arruda Gustavo H. M. , da Silva Ricardo H. A. , de Vidal Flávio B. , Melani Rodolfo F. H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPositioning landmarks in facial photo‐anthropometry (FPA) applications remains today a highly variable procedure, as traditional cephalometric definitions are used as guidelines. Herein, a novel landmark‐positioning approach, specifically adapted for FPA applications, is introduced and, in particular, assessed against the conventional cephalometric definitions for the analysis of 16 landmarks on ten frontal images by two groups of examiners (with and without professional knowledge of anatomy). Results showed that positioning reproducibility was significantly better using the novel method. Indeed, in contrast to the classic approach, very low landmark dispersions were observed for both groups of examiners, which were usually below the strictest clinical standards (i.e., 0.575 mm). Furthermore, the comparison between the two groups of examiners highlighted higher dispersion consistencies, which supported a higher robustness. Thus, the use of an adapted landmark‐positioning approach proved to be highly advantageous in FPA analysis and future work in this field should consider adopting similar methodologies.
Position of the abdominal seat belt sign and its predictive utility for abdominal trauma
Authors: Jiang Osborn , Asha Stephen Edward , Keady Jessica , Curtis Kate 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn a motor vehicle crash, compressive forces from the lap component of the seat belt may produce an abdominal abrasion/contusion known as the ‘seat belt sign’, and is associated with abdominal and lumbar injuries. Previous research has not taken into account the position of this sign in relation to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Our aim was to demonstrate an association between the seat belt sign position in relation to ASIS and the presence of abdominal/lumbar injury.MethodsA mixed prospective and retrospective observational study of patients involved in a motor vehicle crash was conducted. The presence of a seat belt sign was recorded as above ASIS, at/below ASIS, or none. Injury data were extracted from discharge summaries, radiology reports and operation reports. Proportions of patients with injuries were compared across the three groups.ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐four participants were enrolled. For participants with a seat belt sign above ASIS, compared to those with no seat belt sign, the positive likelihood ratio for a seat belt related injury was 4.2 (95% CI 2.6–6.8). When the seat belt sign was at/below the level of ASIS the positive likelihood ratio was 1.5 (95% CI 0.4–5.7).ConclusionThe seat belt sign is associated with abdominal and lumbar injury; however, the location is important. This association is strong when the seat belt sign is above ASIS, but when the sign is at/below the ASIS the injury rate is similar to participants with no seat belt sign. Routine imaging of the abdomen may be appropriate only for those with a seat belt sign above ASIS.
Physiological evidence of integrin‐antibody reactive proteins influencing the innate cellular immune responses of larval Galleria mellonella hemocytes
Authors: Lapointe Jason F. , McCarthy Connor D. , Dunphy Gary B. , Mandato Craig A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLarval Galleria mellonella (L.) hemocytes form microaggregates in response to stimulation by Gram‐positive bacteria. Hemocyte adhesion to foreign materials is mediated by the cAMP/ protein kinase A pathway and the β‐subunit of cholera toxin using a cAMP‐independent mechanism. Cholera toxin‐induced microaggregation was inhibited by the integrin inhibitory RGDS peptide, implying integrins may be part of the mechanism. Based on the types of mammalian integrin‐antibody reactive proteins affecting hemocyte adhesion and bacterial‐induced responses α5, αv, β1, and β3 subunits occurred on both granular cell and plasmatocyte hemocyte subtypes. A fluorescent band representing the binding of rabbit α5‐integrin subunit antibodies occurred between adhering heterotypic hemocytes. The frequency of the bands was increased by cholera toxin. The α5 and β1 rabbit integrin subunit antibodies inhibited removal of Bacillus subtilis (Cohn) from the hemolymph in vivo. A α5 β1‐specific synthetic peptide blocker similarly diminished hemocyte function whereas the αv β3‐specific inhibitory peptide and the corresponding integrin subunit antibodies did not influence nonself hemocyte activities. Western blots revealed several proteins reacting with a given integrin‐antibody subtype. Thus integrin‐antibody reactive proteins (which may include integrins) with possible α5 and β1 epitopes modulate immediate hemocyte function. Confocal microscopy established plasmatocyte adhesion to and rosetting over substrata followed by granular cell microaggregate adhesion to plasmatocytes during early stage nodulation.
Fruit Bagasse Phytochemicals from Malpighia Emarginata Rich in Enzymatic Inhibitor with Modulatory Action on Hemostatic Processes
Authors: Marques Tamara R. , Cesar Pedro Henrique S. , Braga Mariana A. , Marcussi Silvana , Corrêa Angelita D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAgro‐industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products to be used in health promotion and maintenance. In this study, extracts from acerola bagasse (AB) were characterized by HPLC, and evaluated according to its modulatory action on phospholipases A2 and proteases involved in processes such as inflammation and blood clotting. Snake venoms were used as biological tools once they have high functional and structural homology between their enzymes and human enzymes. Two types of extracts were prepared from AB: aqueous and methanolic. These extracts, evaluated at different proportions (venom:extract, w:w), significantly inhibited the phospholipase activity induced by the venoms of Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops atrox (11% to 31%), and Crotalus durissus terrificus (C. d. t.) (11% to 19%). The hemolytic activity induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was better inhibited by the methanolic extract (inhibition between 23% and 48%). Thrombolysis induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was inhibited by both extracts, with inhibition ranging from 13% to 63% for the aqueous extract, and from 12% to 92% for the methanolic one. Both extracts increased the time of coagulation induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and Lachesis muta muta in 26 and up to 68 s. These inhibitory actions were related to the following phenolic compounds present in the extract of AB: gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and quercetin. Additional studies are needed to confirm their potential use for nutraceutical purposes.Practical ApplicationAgro‐industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products that can be used by pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. Studies report the use of the acerola bagasse extract in health improvement. However, its toxic‐pharmacological characterization is still scarce. In this study, the extracts of acerola bagasse presented phenolic compounds that can modulate the activity of enzymes such as phospholipases A2 and proteases that act on the coagulant/anticoagulant and thrombotic/thrombolytic activities and the break of phospholipids, decreasing the inflammation and platelet aggregation. Although the in vivo effects of the extracts are not fully understood, this study shed light upon the possibilities of their usage.
Impact of Interfacial Composition on Emulsion Digestion Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Authors: Malinauskytė Ernesta , Ramanauskaitė Jovita , Keršienė Milda , Jasutienė Ina , Leskauskaitė Daiva , Devold Tove G. , Vegarud Gerd E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study explored the influence of different emulsification layers as mono‐ and bilayers on lipid digestion by using in vitro and in vivo digestion methods. The monolayer emulsion of rapeseed oil contained whey proteins and the bilayer emulsion, whey proteins and carboxymethyl cellulose. The in vitro digestion using human gastrointestinal enzymes showed that the lipid digestion as free fatty acids was slowed down in the bilayer emulsion compared with the monolayer. Droplet size was still low in the gastric phase and pseudoplasticity was well preserved (even though viscosity decreased) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The in vivo studies confirmed a lower fat bioavailability from bilayer emulsions by a reduction in the triglyceride level in the blood of rats, fed by the bilayer emulsion. The results clearly showed that lipid digestion was slower in the bilayer emulsion than in the monolayer. These results provide bio‐relevant information about the behavior of emulsions upon digestion.Practical ApplicationThe layer‐by‐layer production approach that was presented here allows the preparation of emulsions with slower fat bioavailability. Such behavior of the bilayer emulsion made it interesting for the formulation of food products with low fat bioavailability.
Long‐read sequence capture of the haemoglobin gene clusters across codfish species
Authors: Hoff Siv Nam Khang , Baalsrud Helle T. , Tooming‐Klunderud Ave , Skage Morten , Richmond Todd , Obernosterer Gregor , Shirzadi Reza , Tørresen Ole Kristian , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCombining high‐throughput sequencing with targeted sequence capture has become an attractive tool to study specific genomic regions of interest. Most studies have so far focused on the exome using short‐read technology. These approaches are not designed to capture intergenic regions needed to reconstruct genomic organization, including regulatory regions and gene synteny. Here, we demonstrate the power of combining targeted sequence capture with long‐read sequencing technology for comparative genomic analyses of the haemoglobin (Hb) gene clusters across eight species separated by up to 70 million years. Guided by the reference genome assembly of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) together with genome information from draft assemblies of selected codfishes, we designed probes covering the two Hb gene clusters. Use of custom‐made barcodes combined with PacBio RSII sequencing led to highly continuous assemblies of the LA (~100 kb) and MN (~200 kb) clusters, which include syntenic regions of coding and intergenic sequences. Our results revealed an overall conserved genomic organization of the Hb genes within this lineage, yet with several, lineage‐specific gene duplications. Moreover, for some of the species examined, we identified amino acid substitutions at two sites in the Hbb1 gene as well as length polymorphisms in its regulatory region, which has previously been linked to temperature adaptation in Atlantic cod populations. This study highlights the use of targeted long‐read capture as a versatile approach for comparative genomic studies by generation of a cross‐species genomic resource elucidating the evolutionary history of the Hb gene family across the highly divergent group of codfishes.
Satisfaction with pain management and impact of pain on quality of life in cancer patients
Authors: Lin Johnson , Hsieh Ruey‐Kuen , Chen Jen‐Shi , Lee Kuan‐Der , Rau Kun‐Ming , Shao Yu‐Yun , Sung Yung‐Chuan , Yeh Su‐Peng , Chang Cheng‐Shyong , Liu Ta‐Chih , Wu Ming‐Fang , Lee Ming‐Yang , Yu Ming‐Sun , Yen Chia‐Jui , Lai Pang‐Yu , Hwang Wen‐Li , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of pain in cancer outpatients in Taiwan and to investigate the impact of pain on quality of life (QoL) and patient satisfaction. Results were compared to those of a similarly designed study conducted in 2008 to identify trends.MethodsAdult patients with cancer treated as outpatients in hospitals throughout Taiwan were recruited. Pain intensity and the extent to which pain interfered with QoL were self‐reported using a modified version of the Brief Pain Inventory. Patients also indicated their level of satisfaction with their physician, as well as with their pain control.ResultsA total of 2652 patients were enrolled from 16 sites. Of these, 1167 (44.0%) patients reported experiencing pain during the previous week. Prevalence and severity of pain were highest in patients with progressive disease. A higher pain severity score was significantly associated with greater interference in both physical and psychological functions. Overall, 86.0% of all participants expressed satisfaction with their physician and 84.8% were satisfied with their pain control; satisfaction rates were associated with pain severity. Compared with the findings from the 2008 study, pain prevalence was notably lower and patient satisfaction was significantly greater in the current study.ConclusionsPrevalence and severity of pain were associated with disease stage. Pain interference on QoL correlated significantly with pain severity. Treatment of pain in cancer patients in Taiwan seems to have improved from 2008 to 2014, possibly attributable to new cancer pain treatment guidelines and the wider availability of novel analgesic therapies.
Priorities for Preventive Action: Explaining Americans’ Divergent Reactions to 100 Public Risks
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhy do Americans’ priorities for combating risks like terrorism, climate change, and violent crime often seem so uncorrelated with the dangers that those risks objectively present? Many scholars believe the answer to this question is that heuristics, biases, and ignorance cause voters to misperceive risk magnitudes. By contrast, this article argues that Americans’ risk priorities primarily reflect judgments about the extent to which some victims deserve more protection than others and the degree to which it is appropriate for government to intervene in different areas of social life. The article supports this argument with evidence drawn from a survey with 3,000 respondents, using pairwise comparisons to elicit novel measures of how respondents perceive nine dimensions of 100 life‐threatening risks. Respondents were well informed about these risks’ relative magnitudes—the correlation between perceived and actual mortality was .82—but those perceptions explained relatively little variation in policy preferences relative to judgments about the status of victims and the appropriate role of government. These findings hold regardless of political party, education, and other demographics. The article thus argues that the key to understanding Americans’ divergent reactions to risk lies more with their values than with their grasp of factual information.
Institutional non‐participation in assisted dying: Changing the conversation
Authors: Shadd Philip , Shadd Joshua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhether institutions and not just individual doctors have a right to not participate in medical assistance in dying (MAID) is controversial, but there is a tendency to frame the issue of institutional non‐participation in a particular way. Conscience is central to this framing. Non‐participating health centres are assumed to be religious and full participation is expected unless a centre objects on conscience grounds. In this paper we seek to reframe the issue. Institutional non‐participation is plausibly not primarily, let alone exclusively, about conscience. We seek to reframe the issue by making two main points. First, institutional non‐participation is primarily a matter of institutional self‐governance. We suggest that institutions have a natural right of self‐governance which, in the case of health centres such as hospitals or hospices, includes the right to choose whether or not to offer MAID. Second, there are various legitimate reasons unrelated to conscience for which a health centre might not offer MAID. These range from considerations such as institutional capacity and expertise to a potential contradiction with palliative care and a concern to not conflate palliative care and MAID in public consciousness. It is a mistake to frame the conversation simply in terms of conscience‐based opposition to MAID or full participation. Our goal is to open up new space in the conversation, for reasons unrelated to conscience as well as for non‐religious health centres who might nonetheless have legitimate grounds for not participating in MAID.
Comparison of different in vitro differentiation conditions for murine female germline stem cells
Authors: Zou Kang , Wang Jian , Bi Haiwei , Zhang Yabin , Tian Xueli , Tian Ning , Ma Wanyun , Wu Ji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn vitro differentiation of oocytes from female germline stem cells (FGSCs) has exciting potential applications for reproductive medicine. Some researchers have attempted to reveal the in vitro differentiation capacity of FGSCs. However, no systematic comparative study of in vitro differentiation conditions has been performed for murine FGSCs (mFGSCs).Materials and MethodsmFGSCs line was cultured under five different conditions for in vitro differentiation. RT‐PCR was performed to detect the expression of Oct4, Fragilis, Blimp1, Mvh, Scp3 and Zp3. Immunofluorescence was carried out to test the expression of Mvh, Fragilis and Zp3. Two‐photon laser‐scanning microscope was used to analyze nucleus‐plasma ratio, and the proportion of chromatin of GV oocytes differentiated from mFGSCs in vitro (IVD‐GVO), GV oocytes from in vivo (GVO) and mFGSCs.ResultsRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence showed that mFGSC line expressed germ cell‐specific markers, but not a meiosis‐specific marker. By evaluating five different in vitro differentiation conditions, condition 5, which included a hanging drop procedure and co‐culture of mFGSCs with granulosa cells, was shown to be optimal. mFGSCs could be successfully differentiated into germinal vesicle (GV) ‐stage oocytes under this condition. 3D observation revealed that both the nucleus‐plasma ratio and proportion of chromatin were not significantly different between IVD‐GVO and GVO.ConclusionWe evaluated five in vitro differentiation conditions for mFGSCs and successfully differentiate mFGSCs into GV‐stage oocytes using a three‐step differentiation process.