bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antipyretic effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf in male white mice
Authors: ERMAWATI ELLY FAUZIAH , SAMIGUN SAMIGUN , HADJANTI ENDANG SRI 
Published: July 2018

Ermawati EF, Samigun, Hadjanti ES. 2011. The antipyretic effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf in male white mice. Biofarmasi 9: 7-11. The potential of antipyretic effect of flavonoid in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaf is one of the traditional medicines that people used. This research aimed to determine the antipyretic effect of the extract of bitter melon leaf in male white mice. This experimental research was arranged as a post-test only controlled group design. Thirty Wistar furrow white mice with 2 months of ages and 100 gram in body weight were used as an animal model. Those mice were grouped equally into five groups, consisted of negative control group (2 ml water), positive control group (6.3 mg paracetamol/100 g body weight of mice/2 ml water), the first dose of the extract of bitter melon leaf (0.756 mg/100 g body weight of mice/2 ml water), the second dose of extract (1.512 mg/100 g body weight mice/2 ml water) and the third dose of extract (2.268 mg/100 g body weight mice/2 ml water). The measurement of mice temperature was conducted before and 2 hours after treated by DPT vaccine, and every 30 minutes post-treatment until 180 minutes. The result of this research was analyzed by using Anova statistical test and post-hoc test. The result of Anova statistical test showed significant differences among groups of variance, but there was no significant difference among times of variance. The result of posthoc test showed the significant differences between negative control group, positive control group and the extract of bitter melon leaf group. This research concluded that there was an antipyretic effect in the extract of bitter melon leaf in male white mice, but the effect was lower than paracetamol effect.
The effect of Averrhoa bilimbi stem extract on the blood glucose level of white rats induced by alloxan
Authors: AGRIANI CAHYANING GUSTI , KISRINI KISRINI , DHARMAWAN RUBEN 
Published: July 2018

Agriani CN, Kisrini, Dharmawan R. 2016. The effect of Averrhoa bilimbi stem extract on the blood glucose level of white rats induced by alloxan. Biofarmasi 14: 56-62. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of belimbing wuluh stem (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) extract due to the blood glucose level in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan. This research is a laboratory experiment using experimental control group pre-post test design. Subjects of this research are 25 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus), 2 months of age and 200 g of body weight. Subjects were divided into five groups. All groups were induced by 25 mg/200 g body weight/day of alloxan for three days. On the day of fourth, blood sample was collected from orbital vein of white rats for the measurement of the first blood glucose level (T1). Furthermore, the positive control group received 12,6 mg/200 g body weight/day of metformin, then the first, second, and third group received of each 25, 50, and 100 mg/200 g body weight/day of belimbing wuluh stem extract. On the fifteenth day of treatment, blood samples were collected again from the orbital vein of white rats for the measurement of the second blood glucose level (T2). The measurement of blood glucose was using spectrophotometer with the Glucose GOD PAP method. Then the data were analyzed by using One way ANOVA. Blood glucose rate after induction has subtracted from blood glucose rate after drug given. After that the data would be change in to mean data that represents as: negative control group = 24,4; positive control group 103,4; first given drug group = 83,4; second given drug group = 102,4; and third given drug group = 102,2 (in mg/100 mL unit). The statistical analysis by using One way ANOVA shows a significant difference in blood glucose level among the five groups of treatment with p-value = 0,000. Post Hoc Test shows that the first, second, and third group have the same effectively as the positive control group to decrease the blood glucose level with p > 0,05.
Long-term treatment options for postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of recent clinical studies of Denosumab
Authors: Belaya Zhanna E. , Bilezikian John P. , Ershova Olga B. , Lesnyak Olga M. , Marchenkova Larisa A. , Rodionova Svetlana S. , Rozhinskaya Liudmila Y. , Toroptsova Natalia V. , Yureneva Svetlana V. 
Published: July 2018

Modern medications for osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide) are well-tolerated drugs, which can significantly lower vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk according to prospective and observational studies in up to 10-year period. Certain drugs (denosumab, teriparatide) are active only during the treatment period and do not prevent bone loss and fracture risk after discontinuation, while such protective effect is observed in bisphosphonates. Despite impressive success of continuous 10-year denosumab treatament of severe osteoporosis, some of the recently published data suggest that vertebral fracture incidence is increased after treatment discontinuation, along with multiple vertebral fracture incidence, especially in patients with previous fractures. Issues of osteoporosis treatment duration, sequential use of osteoporosis drugs and criteria for treatment discontinuation are now in focus of attention. European Medicines Agency (EMA) and European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) considered these issues in 2017. ЕМА considered fractures after denosumab discontinuation as a natural disease course and did not recommend any changes in product instruction. The main conclusion of ECTS is that the possibility of multiple fractures development after denosumab discontinuation exists, however, there is still not enough firm evidence, as well as effective countermeasures. Clinicians and patients should be aware of potential risk. Both EMA and ECTS suggest considering denosumab treatment or discontinuation after 5-year treatment period or possibly replacing with bisphosphonates. Recent data suggest that prolonged osteoporosis treatment can be done in accordance with the concept of treatment until target goal (for example, achievement of femoral T-score -2.0SD and higher). In our review, we focus on recent data concerning the issues stated above. This topic was also discussed on Russian Osteoporosis Association (ROA) expert meeting in Saint Petersburg on 24 may 2018, chaired by ROA president, professor Olga Lesnyak and Columbia University professor, J.P. Bilezikian. As a result, an Expert Council resolution was written and introduced in the article.
Introduksi Gen Sitrat Sintase Pseudomonas aeruginosa ke Nicotiana tabacum dan Jatropha curcas untuk Meningkatkan Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium
Authors: Tistama Radite , Widyastuti Utut , Suharsono Sony 
Published: July 2018

Cekaman aluminium merupakan faktor penghalang utama untuk pengembangan komoditas tanaman unggulan di lahan-lahan masam. Sintesis dan sekresi asam organik oleh akar merupakan salah satu mekanisme mengurangi cekaman aluminium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengintroduksikan gen sitrat sintase bakteri P. aeruginosa (PaCS) ke dalam tanaman tembakau (N. tabacum) dan Jatropha curcas. PaCS berhasil diintroduksi dengan batuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens baik ke dalam jaringan tembakau maupun J. curcas.. Toleransi tembakau transgenik ditandai dengan pertambahan panjang akar yang lebih tinggi dibanding tipe liarnya pada cekaman 0,3 mM AlCl3. Toleransi tembakau transgenik dapat mengurangi masuknya Al ke dalam jaringan akar. Sifat toleran gen PaCS diturunkan mengikuti Hukum Mendel. Persentase introduksi gen PaCS ke dalam J. curcas hanya 1% dari jumlah eksplan yang ditranformasi. Kata kunci : introduksi gen, sitrat sintase, cekaman aluminium, N. tabacum, J. curcas
First molecular identification of an agent of diplostomiasis, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Niewiadomska 1984) in the United Kingdom and its genetic relationship with populations in Europe
Authors: Enabulele Egie Elisha , Awharitoma Agnes Ogheneruemu , Lawton Scott P. , Kirk Ruth S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTrematode genusDiplostomumcomprises of parasitic species which cause diplostomiasis, the ‘white eye’ disease in fish and heavy infection can result in mortality. The increasing availability of DNA sequences of accurately identifiedDiplostomumspecies on public data base presently enables the rapid identification of species from novel sequences. We report the first molecular evidence of the occurrence ofD.pseudospathaceumin the United Kingdom. Two gene regions, nuclear internal transcribed spacer cluster (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of cercariae from infected aquatic snails,Lymnaea stagnaliscollected in several locations in Southern England were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on both sequenced genes revealed that the novel sequences wereD.pseudospathaceum. Molecular diversity analysis of publishedD.pseudospathaceum cox1 sequences from seven countries in Europe and the novel sequences from the present study revealed high diversity, but low nucleotide divergence and a lack of gene differentiation between the populations. Haplotype network analysis depicted a star-like pattern and revealed a lack of geographic structure in the population. Fixation indices confirmed gene flow between populations and we suspect high levels of dispersal facilitated by highly mobile second intermediate (fish) and definitive (piscivorous birds) host may be driving gene flow between populations. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution indicated recent population growth/expansion forD.pseudospathaceumin Europe.
Descriptions of Acanthocephalus parallelcementglandatus (Echinorhynchidae) and Neoechinorhynchus (N.) pennahia (Neoechinorhynchidae) (Acanthocephala) from amphibians and fish in Central and Pacific coast of Vietnam, with notes on N. (N.) longnucleatus
Authors: Amin Omar M. , Heckmann Richard A. , Ha Nguyen Van 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Three species of acanthocephalans are described from fishes caught in the Pacific coast off eastern Vietnam and from amphibians in the midlands in 2016: (1) Acanthocephalus parallelcementglandatus Amin, Heckmann, Ha, 2014 (Echinorhynchidae), described from 1 male specimen is now fully described from males and females collected from 2 species of amphibians, the similar frog Hylarana attigua Inger, Orlov, Darevsky and the odorous frog Odorrana sp. Fei, Ye, Huang (Ranidae) in Huong Thuy, Hue City and Chu Yang Sin Park, central Vietnam, respectively, as well as from the needlefish Tylosurus sp. Cocco (Belonidae) in Binh Thuân in the Pacific South. The allotype female is designated. Neoechinorhynchus (N.) pennahia Amin, Ha, Ha, 2011 described from 1 female specimen is now fully described from males and females collected from the Toli shad (Chinese herring), Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes) (Clupeidae) in the Pacific north coast off Haiphong. The allotype male is designated. One specimen of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) longnucleatus Amin, Ha, Ha, 2011 is also reported from the common ponyfish, Leiognathus equulus (Forssskål) (Leiognathidae) in the Pacific south coast of Nha Trang and its ecology briefly discussed.
Ascaridia galli isolates with ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 fragment homologous to Ascaridia columbae
Authors: Urbanowicz Joanna , Gaweł Andrzej , Bobrek Kamila 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ascaridia (A.) galli is one of the most commonly occurring nematodes in poultry worldwide, often in hens and broiler chickens. The infection with Ascaridia galli in free-range chickens was even 70%. There is not much information about A. galli genetic features. The present study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of A. galli isolated from hens in Poland by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the region ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 and to define its homology within the family Ascaridiidae. Adult A. galli were collected from the intestines of naturally infected hens from two flocks of free-run laying hens from the Wielkopolska region in Poland. From all parasites an identical ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 sequence was obtained, which was homologous in 99% with A. columbae (JQ995321.1) sequence. The high homology sequences of A. galli (KX683286) from Poland and A. columbae (JQ995321.1) isolate from the USA, support the observations of other authors suggesting that A. galli and A. columbae might be closely related. It is the first whole ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 of A. galli in the GenBank database, so there is not enough data for detailed phylogenetic analysis of A. galli. Detailed genetic analysis is necessary to get better insight into the birds’ Ascaridia species.
On the Nature and Significance of (Ideal) Rational Choice Theory
Authors: Kliemt Hartmut 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The increasingly wide spread use of RCM, rational choice modeling, and RCT, rational choice theory, in disciplines like economics, law, ethics, psychology, sociology, political science, management facilitates interdisciplinary exchange. This is a great achievement. Yet it nurtures the hope that a unified account of rational (inter-)active choice making might arise from ‘reason’ in (a priori) terms of intuitively appealing axioms. Such ‘rationalist’ characterizations of rational choice neglect real human practices and empirical accounts of those practices. This is theoretically misleading and practically dangerous. Searching for a wide reflective equilibrium, WRE, on RCT in evidence-oriented ways can explicate ‘rational’ without rationalism.
Quasi-Optimal Rank-Structured Approximation to Multidimensional Parabolic Problems by Cayley Transform and Chebyshev Interpolation
Authors: Gavrilyuk Ivan , Khoromskij Boris N. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the present paper we propose and analyze a class of tensor approaches
for the efficient
numerical solution of a first order differential equation

ψ
′

⁢

(
t
)

+

A
⁢
ψ

=

f
⁢

(
t
)

{\psi^{\prime}(t)+A\psi=f(t)}

with an unbounded operator coefficient A.
These techniques are based on a Laguerre polynomial expansions with coefficients which are
powers of the Cayley transform of the operator A.
The Cayley transform under consideration is a useful tool to arrive at the following aims:
(1) to separate time and spatial variables, (2) to switch from the
continuous “time variable” to “the discrete
time variable” and from the study of functions of an unbounded operator to the ones of
a bounded operator, (3) to obtain exponentially accurate approximations.
In the earlier papers of the authors some approximations on the basis
of the Cayley transform and the N-term Laguerre expansions of the accuracy
order

𝒪
⁢

(

e

-
N

)

{\mathcal{O}(e^{-N})}

were proposed and
justified provided that the initial value is analytical for A.
In the present paper we combine the Cayley transform
and the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto interpolation and arrive at an approximation of the accuracy order

𝒪
⁢

(

e

-
N

)

{\mathcal{O}(e^{-N})}

without restrictions on the input data. The use of the Laguerre expansion or
the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto interpolation allows to separate the time and space variables. The separation of
the multidimensional spatial variable can be achieved by the use of low-rank approximation to
the Cayley transform of the Laplace-like operator that is spectrally close to A.
As a result a quasi-optimal numerical algorithm can be designed.
Low-Rank Space-Time Decoupled Isogeometric Analysis for Parabolic Problems with Varying Coefficients
Authors: Mantzaflaris Angelos , Scholz Felix , Toulopoulos Ioannis 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper we present a space-time isogeometric analysis scheme for the discretization of
parabolic evolution equations with diffusion coefficients depending on both time and space variables.
The problem is considered in a space-time cylinder in

ℝ

d
+
1

{\mathbb{R}^{d+1}}

, with

d
=

2
,
3

{d=2,3}

, and is discretized using higher-order and highly-smooth spline spaces. This makes the matrix formation task very challenging from a computational point of view. We overcome this problem by introducing a low-rank decoupling of the operator into space and time components. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of this approach.
Comparative Entrepreneurship between Western Europe and Latin America
Authors: Lopes João , Antunes Helder , Rodrigues Ricardo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering the importance that entrepreneurship takes in the economies of most countries, the aim of this study was to compare two different geographical areas, studying the characteristics and variables of entrepreneurship that act as driving forces in the creation of new businesses. So, two locations from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database were identified and categorized, namely Latin America (LA) and Western Europe (WE). Nine dimensions were selected, in order to test and clarify distinguishing patterns in these two locations in terms of entrepreneurial propensity.We used a quantitative methodology to analyze and verify 13 variables, using statistical techniques, in particular the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney Test, T-test and ANOVA.The results indicate that during the year of 2015 the population demonstrated bolder entrepreneurial characteristics in LA than in WE, however, statistically analyzing a set of variables indicated by the model, the WE countries show a higher mean value than in LA.As a comparative study, we propose that the findings can be used as a starting point in formulating new government policies, in particular in these geographical areas, contributing to the development of the entrepreneurship field.
Deadlock and Denial: Domestic Challenges and the Institutionalization Human Rights in ASEAN
Authors: Hadiprayitno Irene 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the last decade, ASEAN has made substantial steps towards adopting human rights, by creating the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) in 2009 and adopting the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration in 2012. However, these developments do not lead to the establishment of an ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism. The article aims to investigate the deadlock in ASEAN by examining to what extent that relates to institutional challenges i. e. legal and political structures consist of existing norms, persistent discourses pertaining to human rights, at regional and national levels.
Legal Mentality and Its Influence in Shaping Legal Rules: the Relationship between Principal and Agent
Authors: Cerchia Rossella Esther 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is assumed that comparative legal studies, through its deep and historical analysis of law and its dissociation in legal formants, have contributed to understanding the importance of the different factors that shape legal rules. In this article, emphasis is given to a factor that is sometimes neglected in legal narrations: legal mentality or, more simply, the inherent logical way of thinking and its influence in shaping legal rules. The area of investigation is the legal relationship between principal and agent. It is a narration that selects a specific “fil rouge” to link different “pieces” throughout European history to compose a mosaic of different factors that may have contributed to developing a certain legal mentality in this area of law. The legal mentality is nothing more than the product of the extra-legal contexts in which principal and agent operate. In reference to the extra-legal context, it means the importance, above all, of the situations of proximity between the two parties: proximity that could be “spacial” (i.e., they are part of the same small community), or “relational” governed by extra-legal forms of belonging to the same group, for instance families (broader or narrower ones) or clans. This narration starts with a glance at the ancient agreement of mandatum and its roots in the Roman idea of “friendship” and personal bond. Then it continues by touching on a source of the medieval companies: the family bond, one of the stronger and more trustworthy relationships at the time. It will be shown that some aspects of that relationship are not dissimilar from the ones later formed by the case law of the English Chancery Court in the field of the law of agency. This could be seen as a result of the legacy of the stratification of a certain legal mentality shaped by a context that was created by extralegal relationships. Nowadays the modern fading of the personal bond between principal and agent has highlighted an important evolution: there was proximity then depersonalization: this is reflected in the evolution of legal rules, for instance, in French, Italian and English national law. Finally, the case of the “real” or “absolute” irrevocability of the authority shows that the agency relationship, constructed in a breeding ground characterized by trust and utilized to protect the principal's interest (or even the principal's interest), could become - through related or linked contracts - an instrument of more complex agreements. In these cases, the interest of the agent or third parties (such as creditors, contractual counterparts or “beneficiaries” in the broad sense) could lead those transactions far from the original idea of mandat or mandato or agency. In those situations, the “causa” of the agency  (to use a concept dear to civil law tradition) changes and its roots in personal bond and the principal's interest loses its strength as it is mirrored, once again, in the legal rules.
Using Simulated Annealing to Improve the Information Dissemination Network Structure of a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak Response
Authors: Pleuss James D. , Heier Stamm Jessica L. , Ellis Jason D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCommunication is an integral part of emergency response, and improving the information dissemination network for crisis communication can save time, resources, and lives. In a foreign animal disease (FAD) outbreak, timeliness of detection and response are critical. An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, a particularly significant FAD, could cripple the agriculture economy. This research uses communication data from a FAD response exercise in Kansas to develop a reliable crisis communication network model, contributing a general method for creating an information dissemination network from empirical communication data. We then introduce a simulated annealing heuristic that identifies an alternative network structure that minimizes the time for information to reach all response participants. The resultant network structure reduces overall information transmission time by almost 90% and reveals actionable observations for improving FAD response communication. We find that not only can a crisis communication network be improved significantly, but also that the quantitative results support qualitative observations from early in the data extraction process. This paper adds original methods to the literature and opens the door for future quantitative work in the area of crisis communication and emergency response.