bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retraités mais pas en retrait
Authors: Laferrère Anne 
Published: June 2019

Que fait-on de son temps libre quand on est retraité ? Si l’on s’intéresse aux activités dites « sociales », telles que le bénévolat ou la pratique d’activités dans un club ou une association, on observe qu’être retraité s’accompagne d’une participation accrue. Pour conclure à un effet causal du passage à la retraite sur le nombre et l’intensité de telles activités, trois vagues de l’enquête européenne Share (Survey on health, ageing and retirement in Europe) sont ici utilisées. L’enquête a suivi des individus passant à la retraite entre 2004 et 2011. De fait il apparaît que prendre sa retraite augmente l’engagement dans une activité sociale et ce dans la plupart des pays d’Europe continentale considérés. Plus précisément, la retraite augmente le bénévolat, les activités au sein de clubs, et même celles de formation. Elle a peu d’effet sur l’engagement religieux ou politique. Il n’y a que peu de signes que la prise de retraite soit endogène. Le niveau d’éducation et l’évolution de la santé jouent un rôle crucial sur l’engagement dans ces activités sociales. Au moment où le nombre de retraités augmente considérablement, il est important d’évaluer la valeur de ces activités bénévoles. Selon une estimation prudente, la valeur de la production bénévole des retraités se situerait autour de 3 % de celle des pensions dans les 10 pays étudiés.
Le village dans la ville : l’expérience d’un quartier qui fait territoire et lieu
Authors: Marchal Hervé 
Published: June 2019

À partir d’une enquête de terrain menée entre 2013 et 2015 au sein d’un quartier pavillonnaire d’une agglomération urbaine de l’Est de la France – quartier en proie à un fort vieillissement de sa population –, l’article analyse les rapports au quartier des plus de 65 ans. Le propos veut notamment saisir les raisons pour lesquelles un tel espace, composé de maisons à étages de fait peu adaptées au vieillissement, est le théâtre d’initiatives habitantes et d’une vie sociale dense. Comment comprendre qu’un tel quartier soit vécu comme un « village avec une âme » ? La question mérite d’autant plus que l’on y prête attention que les morphologies de l’étalement urbain, se traduisant par la construction de quartiers pavillonnaires, n’ont pas envisagé le vieillissement dans leur processus de développement. Les résultats de la recherche mettent en évidence à quel point le quartier est ici vécu, non pas comme un espace par définition anonyme et lisse, mais à la fois comme un territoire d’engagements associatifs et comme un lieu de sociabilité aux multiples scènes (supermarché, centre historique…). De ce point de vue, la recherche souligne qu’à partir du moment où un quartier conjugue accessibilité, sécurité et convivialité, les aînés s’y projettent en espérant y « bien vieillir ». Ce faisant, l’article vise à montrer que ce n’est, en l’occurrence, pas tant le pavillon qui est mis en avant ici, mais le quartier. Il en résulte de fortes attentes pour que celui-ci ne devienne pas une zone d’incertitude..
Factors Affecting Corneal Strip Stroma-to-Stroma Adhesion
Authors: Perez Edward P , Viramontes Blanca , Schor Paulo , Miller David 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Successful laser in situ keratomileusis depends on strong adhesion between the dissected anterior corneal flap and the underlying stromal bed, without suturing. This study attempts to generate new information about the mechanism of this adhesion.
METHODS: Strips of fresh bovine corneal stroma were dissected and split apart. The split strips were then made to adhere to each other with varying amounts of combined heat and drying. A relationship was developed between heat applied and hydration of strips. After each heat and drying treatment, the strips were pulled apart and the force needed to accomplish this task was measured.

RESULTS: There was a tight linear correlation between increase in temperature and decrease in water content (R
p 2
= 0.7414) and between decrease in water content and increase in the adhesive force (R
p 2
= 0.3355).

CONCLUSION: This model suggests that drying increases stromal-stromal adhesion. We speculate this is due to the increased concentration of surface molecules, which have high ionic charge densities and ionic bonding. A higher concentration of these molecules produces stroma-to-stroma adhesion via ionic bonding. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:460-462]
De la convergence vers les Bâtiments du Roy à la diaspora dans le royaume. Une étude de cas sur la circulation des artistes italiens entre la fin du xvie et le début du xviie siècle
Authors: Cicali Giulia 
Published: June 2019

Afin d’approfondir la connaissance des réseaux d’artistes et des transferts culturels qui ont lié la France et l’Italie, de la fin du xvie au début du xviie siècle, cet article propose une étude de cas qui met l’accent non pas sur un personnage majeur, mais sur des cercles de figures moins connues. Il développe ainsi une analyse des activités et du parcours de quatre artistes d’origine italienne : le sculpteur Francesco Bordoni (1574-1654), les ingénieurs Tommaso (1570-1651) et Alessandro Francini (1574-1648), et le fontainier Horace Ferray (avant 1585-après 1649), qui convergent en premier lieu vers le chantier de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, à l’époque d’Henri IV, avant de se déplacer ensuite dans tout le royaume. Il présente donc les raisons historiques qui poussent ces hommes à quitter l’Italie pour Saint-Germain-en-Laye et les caractéristiques de leurs voyages. Puis les liens qui s’instaurent entre eux sur le chantier royal, et leur insertion dans les équipes des artistes du souverain de France et de Navarre. Enfin la diaspora de ces artistes du roi dans le royaume, voire les affaires qu’ils conduisent en Italie.
Du colportage au musée du Louvre. Les mouleurs italiens en France au tournant du xixe siècle
Authors: Carminati Pauline 
Published: June 2019

La seconde moitié du xviiie siècle a vu l’arrivée en France d’un nombre significatif de mouleurs en plâtre italiens, majoritairement originaires de Toscane. Ces artisans spécialisés étaient présents sur le territoire à la fois sous forme itinérante et sédentaire. Les uns parcouraient le pays en colportant une marchandise composée de statuettes en plâtre aux sujets variés, reflétant les goûts du moment ou du lieu, tandis que d’autres étaient installés à leur compte dans les grandes villes et y développaient une activité polyvalente en relation avec les artistes et les « amateurs » cultivés.
Naufragés des Caraïbes : les Haïtiens et leur accueil défavorable en France et aux États-Unis dans les années 1970 et 1980
Authors: Jabouin Evens 
Published: June 2019

Contrairement à leurs prédécesseurs métis et issus de milieux sociaux plus favorisés, les migrants haïtiens des années 1970 et 1980 parviennent difficilement à se faire accepter en dehors des frontières haïtiennes. Aussitôt qu’ils décident de quitter leur île, des mesures sont prises dans la plupart des sociétés dites d’immigration pour leur en interdire l’accès. C’est le cas notamment aux États-Unis et en France, où ils seront des milliers à se faire arrêter, emprisonner, avant d’être rapatriés en Haïti. Quand malgré tout ils parviennent à s’y installer, ils font l’objet de traitements différenciés parfois très défavorables qui, par conséquent, entravent leur insertion socioprofessionnelle. Cet article analyse les réactions de certaines de leurs sociétés hôtes en se focalisant sur les moyens qu’elles ont chacune mis en œuvre pour empêcher que cette vague d’« indésirables » ne les « inonde ». Certaines des mesures ou des pratiques utilisées par les dirigeants de ces deux pays afin d’exclure ces Haïtiens peuvent parfois être à la limite de la légalité.
The Role of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Vitiligo
Authors: Riding Rebecca L. , Harris John E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease mediated by autoreactive CD8+ T cells that destroy the pigment-producing cells of the epidermis, melanocytes, leading to areas of depigmentation. Patients with vitiligo require lifelong treatment to regain and maintain their pigment. Clinical observations uncovered the importance of autoimmune memory in vitiligo because cessation of treatment frequently led to relapse of disease at the site of previous lesions. A subset of memory T cells known as CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM) are long-lived, nonmigratory memory cells that persist in most nonlymphoid tissues, including the skin. Recent reports describe the presence of CD8+ TRM in lesional vitiligo patient skin and suggest their role as active players in disease maintenance. In this review, we will discuss the role of skin CD8+ TRM in maintaining disease in vitiligo and the opportunity to target this population to induce a long-lasting reversal of disease.
The UKC3 regional coupled environmental prediction system
Authors: Lewis Huw W. , Castillo Sanchez Juan Manuel , Arnold Alex , Fallmann Joachim , Saulter Andrew , Graham Jennifer , Bush Mike , Siddorn John , Palmer Tamzin , Lock Adrian , Edwards John , Bricheno Lucy , Martínez-de la Torre Alberto , Clark James 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This paper describes an updated configuration of the regional coupled
research system, termed UKC3, developed and evaluated under the UK
Environmental Prediction collaboration. This represents a further step
towards a vision of simulating the numerous interactions and feedbacks
between different physical and biogeochemical components of the environment
across sky, sea and land using more integrated regional coupled prediction
systems at kilometre-scale resolution. The UKC3 coupled system incorporates
models of the atmosphere (Met Office Unified Model), land surface with river
routing (JULES), shelf-sea ocean (NEMO) and ocean surface waves (WAVEWATCH
III®), coupled together using OASIS3-MCT
libraries. The major update introduced since the UKC2 configuration is an
explicit representation of wave–ocean feedbacks through introduction of
wave-to-ocean coupling. Ocean model results demonstrate that wave coupling,
in particular representing the wave-modified surface drag, has a small but
positive improvement on the agreement between simulated sea surface
temperatures and in situ observations, relative to simulations without wave
feedbacks. Other incremental developments to the coupled modelling capability
introduced since the UKC2 configuration are also detailed. Coupled regional prediction systems are of interest for applications across
a range of timescales, from hours to decades ahead. The first results from
four simulation experiments, each of the order of 1 month in duration, are
analysed and discussed in the context of characterizing the potential
benefits of coupled prediction on forecast skill. Results across atmosphere,
ocean and wave components are shown to be stable over time periods of weeks.
The coupled approach shows notable improvements in surface temperature, wave
state (in near-coastal regions) and wind speed over the sea, whereas the
prediction quality of other quantities shows no significant improvement or
degradation relative to the equivalent uncoupled control simulations.
Challenges in developing a global gradient-based groundwater model (G3M v1.0) for the integration into a global hydrological model
Authors: Reinecke Robert , Foglia Laura , Mehl Steffen , Trautmann Tim , Cáceres Denise , Döll Petra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In global hydrological models, groundwater (GW) is
typically represented by a bucket-like linear groundwater reservoir.
Reservoir models, however, (1) can only simulate GW discharge to surface
water (SW) bodies but not recharge from SW to GW, (2) provide no information
on the location of the GW table, and (3) assume that there is no GW flow
among grid cells. This may lead, for example, to an underestimation of
groundwater resources in semiarid areas where GW is often replenished by SW
or to an underestimation of evapotranspiration where the GW table is close
to the land surface. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to replace
the reservoir model in global hydrological models with a hydraulic head
gradient-based GW flow model. We present G3M, a new global gradient-based GW model with
a spatial resolution of 5′ (arcminutes), which is to be integrated into the 0.5∘
WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM). The newly developed model framework
enables in-memory coupling to WGHM while keeping overall runtime relatively
low, which allows sensitivity analyses, calibration, and data assimilation.
This paper presents the G3M concept and model design
decisions that are specific to the large grid size required for a global-scale model. Model results under steady-state naturalized conditions, i.e.,
neglecting GW abstractions, are shown. Simulated hydraulic heads show better
agreement to observations around the world compared to the model output of de Graaf et
al. (2015). Locations of simulated SW recharge to GW are found, as is
expected, in dry and mountainous regions but areal extent of SW recharge may
be underestimated. Globally, GW discharge to rivers is by far the dominant
flow component such that lateral GW flows only become a large fraction of
total diffuse and focused recharge in the case of losing rivers, some
mountainous areas, and some areas with very low GW recharge. A strong
sensitivity of simulated hydraulic heads to the spatial resolution of the
model and the related choice of the water table elevation of surface water
bodies was found. We suggest to investigate how global-scale groundwater
modeling at 5′ spatial resolution can benefit from more highly resolved
land surface elevation data.
Mapping soil hydraulic properties using random-forest-based pedotransfer functions and geostatistics
Authors: Szabó Brigitta , Szatmári Gábor , Takács Katalin , Laborczi Annamária , Makó András , Rajkai Kálmán , Pásztor László 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Spatial 3-D information on soil hydraulic properties for
areas larger than plot scale is usually derived using indirect methods such
as pedotransfer functions (PTFs) due to the lack of measured information on
them. PTFs describe the relationship between the desired soil hydraulic
parameter and easily available soil properties based on a soil hydraulic
reference dataset. Soil hydraulic properties of a catchment or region can be
calculated by applying PTFs on available soil maps. Our aim was to analyse
the performance of (i) indirect (using PTFs) and (ii) direct
(geostatistical) mapping methods to derive 3-D soil hydraulic properties. The
study was performed on the Balaton catchment area in Hungary, where density
of measured soil hydraulic data fulfils the requirements of geostatistical
methods. Maps of saturated water content (0 cm matric potential), field
capacity (−330 cm matric potential) and wilting point (−15 000 cm matric
potential) for 0–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm soil depth were prepared. PTFs were
derived using the random forest method on the whole Hungarian soil hydraulic
dataset, which includes soil chemical, physical, taxonomical and hydraulic
properties of some 12 000 samples complemented with information on
topography, climate, parent material, vegetation and land use. As a direct and thus geostatistical method, random forest combined with kriging (RFK) was
applied to 359 soil profiles located in the Balaton catchment area. There
were no significant differences between the direct and indirect methods in
six out of nine maps having root-mean-square-error values between 0.052 and
0.074 cm3 cm−3, which is in accordance with the internationally
accepted performance of hydraulic PTFs. The PTF-based mapping method
performed significantly better than the RFK for the saturated water content
at 30–60 and 60–90 cm soil depth; in the case of wilting point the RFK
outperformed the PTFs at 60–90 cm depth. Differences between the PTF-based
and RFK mapped values are less than 0.025 cm3 cm−3 for 65 %–86  %
of the catchment. In RFK, the uncertainty of input environmental covariate
layers is less influential on the mapped values, which is preferable. In the
PTF-based method the uncertainty of mapping soil hydraulic properties is
less computationally intensive. Detailed comparisons of maps derived from the
PTF-based method and the RFK are presented in this paper.
Relação público-privado na educação brasileira e os reflexos na educação no trabalho docente
Authors: Franco Rezende de Souza Amelioene Franco Rezende , Lima Laís Leni Oliveira 
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivos: analisar a educação e a relação público-privado a partir das principais reformas educacionais no contexto histórico de determinados períodos da história do Brasil e conhecer as implicações desse embate no trabalho docente. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, buscamos fundamentar teoricamente a temática por meio de um estudo exploratório de cunho bibliográfico, com uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de materiais já publicados. Considerando a relevância do tema, buscamos elucidá-lo por meio de autores que tratam da temática, considerando suas análises. Para fundamentarmos nossa compreensão, buscamos nos textos de Aranha (2006), Buffa (2005), Bonamino (2003) Dourado (2001), Vieira (2001), dentre outros. Os referidos autores corroboraram no sentido de compreendermos que a educação que está posta e configurada atualmente é fruto do longo processo de lutas e entraves ocorridos na história brasileira. As análises de tais autores cooperaram para que entendamos que a educação pública e de qualidade ainda é um desafio em nossos dias.
Pesquisa translacional do ensino superior no campo das ciências da saúde
Authors: Olegário Raphael Lopes , Vitorino Silvia Maria Aparecida , Nogueira de Souza Pedro Victor 
Published: June 2019

A pesquisa translacional surge em um contexto de superespecialização das atividades de pesquisa científica, que trazem a necessidade de maior comunicação entre as áreas básica e clínica. O presente artigo procura elucidar a importância do incentivo à pesquisa translacional por parte do docente no ensino superior no campo das ciências da saúde com intuito de demonstrar a sua eficácia na formação profissional. Neste sentido, a pesquisa translacional assume relevância preponderante para a formação acadêmica de graduandos e pós-graduandos da área da saúde. O objetivo dessa investigação foi mostrar por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura científica vigente, a importância do incentivo à pesquisa translacional nos cursos de ensino superior por parte do docente da área da saúde e os principais impactos na formação profissional. Como métodos, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de material já elaborado, constituído de artigos científicos e livros especializados. Como resultados, demonstrou-se que o incentivo à investigação translacional é a forma mais rápida para que a informação científica seja transmitida tanto para a investigação clínica quanto para a prática assistencial dos profissionais. Concluiu-se que o incentivo a pesquisa translacional configura-se como essencial para prática profissional e este deve estar vinculado a prática pedagógica dos docentes na formação inicial ou continuada.
Escola da Terra: formação continuada para professores da educação do campo
Authors: Santos Marilene , Santos de Carvalho Tereza Simone , Colombo Scarlati Domingues Isa Mara 
Published: June 2019

ESCOLA DA TERRA: FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições do Projeto piloto Escola da Terra Sergipe, tomando-se como referência o curso de aperfeiçoamento para professores de turmas multisseriadas e quilombolas, enquanto ação do Programa Nacional de Educação do Campo – Pronacampo. Para tanto, foram analisados os materiais produzidos pelos cursistas, os conteúdos abordados na formação, bem como os objetivos do próprio programa. Os dados foram analisados à luz de referencial teórico que versa sobre a educação do campo e a formação inicial e continuada de professores. O projeto foi desenvolvido no decurso de seis meses, em 2017/18, com professores de 14 municípios do estado de Sergipe adotando-se, como metodologia, a Pedagogia da Alternância a qual, na Formação continuada de professores, facilita a compreensão em relação à articulação entre realidade e conhecimento científico. A formação continuada tem o intuito de fortalecer o desenvolvimento de propostas pedagógicas e metodologias adequadas aos povos do campo, respeitando sua especificidade e tornando a aprendizagem mais significativa. Dessa experiência participaram 340 Professores da educação do campo e quilombola, 09 Estudantes de graduação interagindo e articulando teoria e prática na troca com os professores da educação básica, 02 estudantes de pós graduação interagindo e refletindo sobre os desafios da educação básica, especificamente sobre o ensino multisseriado e quilombola. Um dos resultados mais relevantes do curso foi a elaboração de 54 projetos de intervenção de autoria dos professores cursistas, fruto das reflexões do tempo universidade, materializadas no tempo comunidade nas escolas onde lecionam. O desenvolvimento do projeto Escola da Terra Sergipe oportunizou relevantes processos de troca e compartilhamento de conhecimentos entre os professores cursistas, os estudantes de graduação e pós graduação que participaram como bolsistas, monitores, formadores, voluntários, e principalmente, oportunizou o conhecimento e a proximidade dos professores da comunidade e da realidade do campo onde atuam.
Palavras-Chave: Ensino Multisseriado. Educação do Campo. Formação continuada
Reconsidering asymmetries in voice-mismatched VP-ellipsis
Authors: Poppels Till , Kehler Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Previous research on VP-ellipsis has revealed the existence of a Mismatch Asymmetry, whereby cases with passive voice ellipsis clauses and active antecedent clauses are less acceptable than cases with active ellipsis clauses and passive antecedents. According to the memory-based explanation offered by the Recycling Hypothesis (RH; Arregui et al. 2006), this effect arises because passive clauses are more prone to be misremembered as active than the other way around, and hence passive-active mismatches are more likely to create an “illusion of grammaticality”. This paper describes three experiments that explore the source of the asymmetry, with particular attention to the predictions of the RH account on previously unexamined cases. The findings are inconsistent with the predictions of memory-based explanations such as the RH, and instead point to the existence of a penalty against passive ellipsis clauses in subject focus environments, one that applies to both matched and mismatched cases of VP-ellipsis and in both anaphoric and cataphoric discourse configurations. A possible explanation for the penalty is offered as a subject for future work.
The <i>pro</i>-head analysis of the Japanese internally-headed relative clause
Authors: Kitagawa Chisato 
Published: June 2019

The objective of this paper is two-fold. One is to advance the view (call it the pro-head analysis) that the so-called internally-headed relative clause (IHRC) in Japanese is a nonrestrictive relative clause whose external head position is occupied by pro functioning as an E-type pronoun. It demonstrates that this view provides a natural framework in terms of which sundry and significant phenomena associated with Japanese IHRCs can be accounted for, including their characteristic properties contrasting with the corresponding change relatives and the doubly-headed relatives. The pro-head analysis contradicts a currently popular claim propagated by a series of papers that rely on null operator movement leading to the thesis that: (i) Japanese IHRCs may exhibit a “change sub-variety” (i.e., “Change IHRC”) that is not reducible to gapless externally light-headed relatives; (ii) Japanese IHRCs are strictly island-sensitive; and (iii) they disallow definite referential semantic heads. The other objective of this paper, therefore, is to present this long overdue challenge by arguing that their claims (i) ~ (iii) are not empirically sustainable, although their claim (iii) presents some difficult issues that defy clear-cut treatment as yet.