bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rejoinder to Proctor and Xiong
Authors: Lamiell James 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article rejoins the commentary by Proctor and Xiong on the article by Lamiell in this issue. It explains why treatment group experimentation is appropriately understood as essentially demographic and why the validity of this view is not negated by a probabilistic interpretation of Thorndike’s (1911) understanding of aggregate statistics. Other points made by Proctor and Xiong are also addressed.
Music, Sound, and Affect in Yiddish-Language Holocaust Cinema: The Posttraumatic Community in Natan Gross’s Unzere kinder (1948)
Authors: Biddle Ian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article explores some of the makeshift musical strategies used in Natan Gross’s Yiddish-language feature film Unzere kinder (Poland, 1948) to tell the stories of a group of Jewish children orphaned during the Holocaust. The article explores the notion of “posttraumatic” cinema through an analysis of the film’s soundtrack.
LES ORIENTATIONS DOCTRINALES DE LA COMMISSION DE L’UNION AFRICAINE SUR LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL
Authors: Tchikaya Blaise 
Published: November 2018

À la création de la Commission de l’Union africaine pour le droit international (CUADI), s’est posée la question des bases doctrinales et conceptuelles sur lesquelles cette Commission devait travailler. C’était la première fois et, non sans surprendre, que l’Afrique se dotait d’un organe propre de discussion, de proposition et codification du droit international. Les options doctrinales de cette Commission de droit international devraient-elles se cantonner à la lecture des attributions prescrites par l’organisation intergouvernementale (UA); ou, se situer au-delà de ces attributions ? Il est apparu à ses membres élus qu’elles devaient tenir compte de l’évolution même du droit international et s’assurer de l’universalité du travail de l’organe. La question de cette étude est de savoir comment la Commission oriente ses analyses et ses conclusions en termes de priorités diplomatiques, politiques et juridiques. Il ne fut pas question, lors de la création de la CUADI, en 2009, de rejeter la systématique du droit international, mais d’y ajouter solidement les objectifs que les Africains ont en commun. Les objectifs qui renforcent et consolident également les principes du droit international; ceux qui font que l’Afrique reste à l’avant-garde des développements juridiques internationaux. La CUADI, pourrait-on dire, a une mission, ambivalente : elle est à la fois africaniste, en cela qu’elle protège et insère dans le droit international les valeurs partagées africaines, et, sa mission est aussi universaliste, parce qu’en droit international toute règle doit avoir une vocation universelle. Dès ses premières sessions, et par ses premiers thèmes de travail, cette nouvelle Commission traduit certes une continuité, mais aussi une dénonciation des évolutions récentes du droit international. Les pays africains dénonçaient notamment ce qu’ils appelaient déjà en 2008 à Syrte (Libye) une application abusive du principe de compétence universelle par des pays non africains (Décision EX.CL/496 (XV) relative à l’utilisation abusive du principe de compétence universelle de juillet 2008, renouvelée à Kampala, 2010). Cette dénonciation a constitué l’une des raisons de la naissance d’un organe de conceptualisation et de codification régionale du droit international. Sans que soit suffisamment posée, pourrait-on penser, la question des moyens pour y parvenir.
Effects of a six-week weighted-implement throwing program on baseball pitching velocity, kinematics, arm stress, and arm range of motion
Authors: Marsh Joseph A. , Wagshol Matthew I. , Boddy Kyle J. , O’Connell Michael E. , Briend Sam J. , Lindley Kyle E. , Caravan Alex 
Published: November 2018

Background
Weighted-baseball training programs are used at the high school, collegiate, and professional levels of baseball. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week training period consisting of weighted implements, manual therapy, weightlifting, and other modalities on shoulder external rotation, elbow valgus stress, pitching velocity, and kinematics.

Hypothesis
A six-week training program that includes weighted implements will increase pitching velocity along with concomitant increases in arm angular velocities, joint kinetics, and shoulder external rotation.

Methods
Seventeen collegiate and professional baseball pitchers (age range 18–23, average: 19.9 ± 1.3) training at Driveline Baseball were evaluated via a combination of an eight-camera motion-capture system, range-of-motion measurements and radar- and pitch-tracking equipment, both before and after a six-week training period. Each participant received individualized training programs, with significant overlap in training methods for all athletes. Twenty-eight biomechanical parameters were computed for each bullpen trial, four arm range-of-motion measurements were taken, and pitching velocities were recorded before and after the training period. Pre- and post-training period data were compared via post-hoc paired t tests.

Results
There was no change in pitching velocity across the seventeen subjects. Four biomechanical parameters for the holistic group were significantly changed after the training period: internal rotational velocity was higher (from 4,527 ± 470 to 4,759 ± 542 degrees/second), shoulder abduction was lower at ball release (96 ± 7.6 to 93 ± 5.4°), the shoulder was less externally rotated at ball release (95 ± 15 to 86 ± 18°) and shoulder adduction torque was higher (from 103 ± 39 to 138 ± 53 N-m). Among the arm range of motion measurements, four were significantly different after the training period: the shoulder internal rotation range of motion and total range of motion for both the dominant and non-dominant arm. When the group was divided into those who gained pitching velocity and those who did not, neither group showed a significant increase in shoulder external rotation, or elbow valgus stress.

Conclusions
Following a six-week weighted implement program, pitchers did not show a significant change in velocity, joint kinetics, or shoulder external rotation range of motion. When comparing pitchers who gained velocity versus pitchers who did not, no statistically significant changes were seen in joint kinetics and shoulder range of motion.
Formation of sclerotia inSclerotinia ginsengand composition of the sclerotial exudate
Authors: Wang Dan , Fu Junfan , Zhou Rujun , Li Zibo , Xie Yujiao , Liu Xinran , Han Yueling 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSclerotinia ginsengis a major devastating soil-borne pathogen of ginseng that can cause irreparable damage and large economic losses. This pathogen produces sclerotia, which are among the most persistent resting structures produced by filamentous fungi. The production of an exudate is a common feature of sclerotial development.MethodsS. ginsengwas cultured on 10 different media and the following parameters were measured: mycelial growth rate (mm/day), initial formation time of exudate droplets, total quantity of exudate, number of sclerotia per dish, and sclerotial fresh/dry weight. The composition of the sclerotial exudate was analyzed using four methods (high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometry).ResultsWe found that PDA was the optimal medium for exudate production, while SDA medium resulted in the highest mycelial growth rate. The earliest emergence of exudate droplets from sclerotia was on OA-YE and V8 media. The largest amount of sclerotia and the smallest sclerotia were produced on V8 medium. The maximum and minimum dry/fresh weight were obtained on MEA medium and V8 medium, respectively. The exudate contained organic acids (oxalic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and tannic acid), carbohydrates (inositol, glucose, and trehalose), various ions (potassium, sodium, and magnesium), and ammonia.DiscussionThe functions of the identified compounds are discussed within the context of pathogenicity, sclerotial development, and antimicrobial activity. Our findings provide information about the production of sclerotia and the composition of sclerotial exudate that may be useful to develop strategies to control this disease.
Not all brawn, but some brain. Strength gains after training alters kinematic motor abundance in hopping
Authors: Liew Bernard X.W. , Morrison Andrew , Hobara Hiroaki , Morris Susan , Netto Kevin 
Published: November 2018

Background
The effects of resistance training on a muscle’s neural, architectural, and mechanical properties are well established. However, whether resistance training can positively change the coordination of multiple motor elements in the control of a well-defined lower limb motor performance objective remains unclear. Such knowledge is critical given that resistance training is an essential and ubiquitous component in gait rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate if strength gains of the ankle and knee extensors after resistance training increases kinematic motor abundance in hopping.

Methods
The data presented in this study represents the pooled group results of a sub-study from a larger project investigating the effects of resistance training on load carriage running energetics. Thirty healthy adults performed self-paced unilateral hopping, and strength testing before and after six weeks of lower limb resistance training. Motion capture was used to derive the elemental variables of planar segment angles of the foot, shank, thigh, and pelvis, and the performance variable of leg length. Uncontrolled manifold analysis (UCM) was used to provide an index of motor abundance (IMA) in the synergistic coordination of segment angles in the stabilization of leg length. Bayesian Functional Data Analysis was used for statistical inference, with a non-zero crossing of the 95% Credible Interval (CrI) used as a test of significance.

Results
Depending on the phase of hop stance, there were significant main effects of ankle and knee strength on IMA, and a significant ankle by knee interaction effect. For example at 10% hop stance, a 1 Nm/kg increase in ankle extensor strength increased IMA by 0.37 (95% CrI [0.14–0.59]), a 1 Nm/kg increase in knee extensor strength decreased IMA by 0.29 (95% CrI [0.08–0.51]), but increased the effect of ankle strength on IMA by 0.71 (95% CrI [0.10–1.33]). At 55% hop stance, a 1 Nm/kg increase in knee extensor strength increase IMA by 0.24 (95% CrI [0.001–0.48]), but reduced the effect of ankle strength on IMA by 0.71 (95% CrI [0.13–1.32]).

Discussion
Resistance training not only improves strength, but also the structure of coordination in the control of a well-defined motor objective. The role of resistance training on motor abundance in gait should be investigated in patient cohorts, other gait patterns, and its translation into functional improvements.
Serum lipid level is not associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Lin Ting-Chun , Lin Yen-Kuang , Chen Chin-I , Chan Lung , Chi Nai-Fang , Yuan Rey-Yue , Sheu Jau-Jiuan , Wei Chun-Ren , Tsai Jui-Ping , Yeh Tu-Hsueh 
Published: November 2018

Background
This study assessed whether serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed consecutive ischemic stroke patients who were treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator between January 2007 and January 2017. Lipid levels on admission, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride levels, as well as potential predictors of sICH were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Of the 229 enrolled patients (100 women, aged 68 ± 13 years), 14 developed sICH and 103 (45%) had favorable functional outcomes at 3 months. The patients with sICH more often had diabetes mellitus (71% vs. 26%, P = 0.01) and had more severe stroke (mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 16 vs. 13, P = 0.045). Regarding lipid subtype, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels were not associated with sICH or functional outcomes. According to the results of multivariate analysis, the frequency of sICH was independently associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 6.04; 95% CI [1.31–27.95]; P = 0.02) and the NIHSS score (OR = 1.12; 95% CI [1.02–1.22]; P = 0.01). A higher NIHSS score was independently associated with unfavorable functional outcomes (OR = 0.86; 95% CI [0.81–0.91]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Serum lipid levels on admission, including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels, were not associated with sICH or 3-month functional outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
Dynamic Interface Formation in Magnetic Thin Film Heterostructures
Authors: Nakashima Shuhei , Miyamachi Toshio , Tatetsu Yasutomi , Takahashi Yukio , Takagi Yasumasa , Gohda Yoshihiro , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Komori Fumio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnetic thin film heterostructures have been widely studied for fundamental interests in the emergence of novel phenomena associated with the heterointerface formation as well as their promising practical potential. Combining X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism with scanning tunneling microscopy, it is shown for fcc Fe thin films grown on Cu(001) with Mn overlayers (Mn/Fe thin film heterostructures) that the interfacial factors dominating the electronic and magnetic properties of the entire system dynamically change with the amount of the Mn overlayer. Element specific magnetization curves of the Fe layer exhibit a two‐step spin reorientation transition from out‐of‐plane to in‐plane direction by increasing the Mn coverage. The atomic‐scale characterizations of structural and electronic properties in combination with the first‐principles calculations successfully unravel the roles of the entangled interfacial factors and clarify the driving forces of the transition. The first step of the transition at a low Mn coverage is dominantly induced by the formation of FeMn disordered alloy at the heterointerface, and the electronic hybridization with the interfacial FeMn ordered alloy is dominant as the origin of the second step of the transition at a high Mn coverage.
Plasticization of poly(vinyl butyral) by water: Glass transition temperature and mechanical properties
Authors: Desloir Marlène , Benoit Cyril , Bendaoud Amine , Alcouffe Pierre , Carrot Christian 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of plasticization by water on the mechanical properties of additive‐free poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) was investigated. PVB is hygroscopic and the amount of absorbed water was measured in various environmental conditions. Two kinds of interactions with hydrophilic sites was demonstrated. The thermal and thermomechanical studies (differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) showed that water decreases the glass transition temperature thus acting as a plasticizer. This gives the material larger deformation capability and increased toughness. Surprisingly, the modulus remains high and this was explained by a structure consisting in two phases with different levels of plasticization, reflected by a double peak of relaxation associated to multiple phases with different glass transition temperature. Atomic force microscopy measurements on samples with high level of hydration shows evidence of nanometric hydrated domains acting as an elastomeric phase and thus inducing toughening of the material. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47230.
Self‐crosslinkable hydroxylated natural rubber/carboxymethyl starch blend and its properties
Authors: Chooprayoon Pajaree , Boochathum Ploenpit 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTSelf‐crosslinkable hydroxylated natural rubber (HNR) and carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was successfully prepared viain situmixing of CMS slurry in HNR latex. The purpose of this work was to study the crosslinking of HNR using CMS as a novel crosslinker in order to reduce the use of sulfur vulcanizing agent and other toxic chemicals such as accelerator. Two systems with different HNR:formic acid:hydrogen peroxide ratios were prepared: 1:0.25:0.25, designated as HNR025, and 1:0.35:0.35, designated as HNR035. Well dispersion and distribution of CMS in the HNR025 matrix were obvious as imaged in scanning electron microscope micrographs. The resulting interfacial combination and ester bonding between HNR and CMS molecules were believed to enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the HNR/CMS blends. It was remarkable that the determined crosslink densities of the HNR/CMS blends increased with the CMS loading and were corresponding to the improved mechanical properties. This self‐crosslinkable blend between HNR and CMS without using any vulcanizing agents would be of interest for the preparation of the green biodegradable rubber products in the future. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47271.
Effective filter screening approach with fractionation for enabling inline filtration of protein A eluate
Authors: Sun Weitong , Lee Nacole , Dragulin‐Otto Sonia , Wong Ashley , Luo Haibin , Brown Arick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFiltration of protein A eluates inline with a chromatography column is a common challenge for monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification due to the high system backpressure during elution, which can result in system shut down or require a decreased elution flow rate. The inability to filter inline not only poses a risk for process deviations, but can also lead to tank constraints and microbial ingress risk. Here, we evaluated and described a novel approach for identifying filters for inline filtration of protein A eluates at pilot scale. We fractionated the protein A eluates into 0.25 column volume fractions to screen filters under constant pressure or constant flow conditions. We observed that filtration properties for eluate fractions are significantly different from the offline eluate, and the conventional filter sizing study using elution pool is not able to predict inline filtration behavior. Through the submicron particle counts and size distribution in pre‐ and post‐filtration samples, we determined that both attributes contribute to the high pressure across the filters. A successful proof‐of‐concept experiment on a column 10 cm in diameter inline with the filter train selected validated this fractionation method, and the approach was applied to a different mAb molecule to confirm effectiveness.
Early treatment narcissism associated with later social and sexual functioning among psychotherapy clients
Authors: Bell Chance A. , Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundNarcissism is a significant mental health concern with some evidence of rising prevalence rates in the United States. Treatments have been theorised, yet empirical research documenting psychotherapy effectiveness is lacking. To begin to address this gap, we used an exploratory, practice‐based design and investigated whether adults’ narcissistic symptom scores would decrease during outpatient treatment.MethodologyTreatment occurred at a community mental health clinic in the North‐eastern United States and consisted of a contemporary relational psychoanalytic approach. We used paired‐sample t tests to examine whether narcissism improved from time 1 to time 2 and conducted path analysis of a cross‐lagged panel model for a half‐longitudinal design to determine mediation among variables.ResultsData analyses revealed that narcissism scores improved during psychotherapy treatment, as did depression, social conflict and sexual functioning from time 1 to time 2. Findings suggested that depression mediated the association between time 1 narcissism and later sexual functioning and levels of social conflict.ConclusionsFindings lay the groundwork for future longitudinal designs and highlight the importance of assessing connections between clients’ narcissistic symptoms and (a) mood regulation difficulties and (b) patterns of psychosocial impairment in social conflict and sexual functioning.
MicroRNA‐1254 contributes to the controlling of pro‐fibrogenic environment in LX‐2 cells by modulating SMAD3 and wound repair: new insights in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Gonçalves Letícia Rocha , de Oliveira da Silva Brenda , Scarinci Letícia Destefani , Ramos Letícia Ferreira , Moraes Karen C.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatic fibrosis and its end‐stage cirrhosis have increased worldwide, and, despite all the efforts, no successful therapy is available. More recently, the heptapeptide angiotensin‐(1‐7) [ang‐(1‐7)] was reported to be able to modulate liver fibrosis and even steatosis; however, the molecular bases of these effects are not clear. In this study, we investigated the overexpression of the microRNA‐1254 in the human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2, based on the effect of the heptapeptide in such cells, previously, demonstrated by our research group. In addition, this miRNA was chosen based on the identification of putative binding site of this small molecule in the mRNA sequences of different molecular connectors of the AKT/ PI3K pathway, which is modulated by the heptapeptide and connects to the control of several cellular mechanisms, including proliferation, survival, migration, and even liver fibrogenesis. The results revealed an innovative function of the miR‐1254 in controlling SMAD3 and pro‐fibrosing elements as well as the wound healing response in LX‐2, attenuating the scaring repair of the injured tissue. The combined findings provide useful information for future studies on the controlling of hepatic fibrogenesis.
Bufalin induces protective autophagy by Cbl‐b regulating mTOR and ERK signaling pathways in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Qi Hai‐Yan , Qu Xiu‐Juan , Liu Jing , Hou Ke‐Zuo , Fan Yi‐Bo , Che Xiao‐Fang , Liu Yun‐Peng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBufalin, a natural small‐molecule compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Chan su, has shown promising anti‐cancer effects against a broad variety of cancer cells through different mechanisms. It has been reported to induce autophagy in gastric cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which bufalin induce autophagy in human gastric cancer cells. We found that bufalin induced apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells, and autophagy prevented human gastric cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Bufalin treatment changed the expression of autophagy‐related proteins. Moreover, phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were all significantly decreased, while phosphorylated ERK1/2 was increased by bufalin. Pretreatment of MGC803 cells with the ERK1/2‐specific inhibitor PD98059 led to the down‐regulation of LC3 II. Further study showed that Cbl‐b positively regulated autophagy by suppressing mTOR and enhancing ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, our data provide evidence that bufalin induces autophagy in MGC803 cells via both Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling pathways, and Cbl‐b‐mediated suppression of mTOR and activation of ERK1/2 might play an important role.