bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Reproducible Physiological Asymmetric Membrane with Freely Diffusing Embedded Proteins in a 3D‐Printed Microfluidic Setup
Authors: Heo Paul , Ramakrishnan Sathish , Coleman Jeff , Rothman James E. , Fleury Jean‐Baptiste , Pincet Frederic 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExperimental setups to produce and to monitor model membranes have been successfully used for decades and brought invaluable insights into many areas of biology. However, they all have limitations that prevent the full in vitro mimicking and monitoring of most biological processes. Here, a suspended physiological bilayer‐forming chip is designed from 3D‐printing techniques. This chip can be simultaneously integrated to a confocal microscope and a path‐clamp amplifier. It is composed of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and consists of a ≈100 µm hole, where the horizontal planar bilayer is formed, connecting two open crossed‐channels, which allows for altering of each lipid monolayer separately. The bilayer, formed by the zipping of two lipid leaflets, is free‐standing, horizontal, stable, fluid, solvent‐free, and flat with the 14 types of physiologically relevant lipids, and the bilayer formation process is highly reproducible. Because of the two channels, asymmetric bilayers can be formed by making the two lipid leaflets of different composition. Furthermore, proteins, such as transmembrane, peripheral, and pore‐forming proteins, can be added to the bilayer in controlled orientation and keep their native mobility and activity. These features allow in vitro recapitulation of membrane process close to physiological conditions.
Artificial Photosynthesis with Polymeric Carbon Nitride: When Meeting Metal Nanoparticles, Single Atoms, and Molecular Complexes
Authors: Li Yanrui , Kong Tingting , Shen Shaohua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis for solar water splitting and CO2 reduction to produce hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels has been considered as one of the most promising ways to solve increasingly serious energy and environmental problems. As a well‐documented metal‐free semiconductor, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been widely used and intensively investigated for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction, owing to its physicochemical stability, visible‐light response, and facile synthesis. However, PCN as a photocatalyst still suffers from the fast recombination of electron‐hole pairs and poor water redox reaction kinetics, greatly restricting its activity for artificial photosynthesis. Among the various modification approaches developed so far, decorating PCN with metals in different existences of nanoparticles, single atoms and molecular complexes, has been evidently very effective to overcome these limitations to improve photocatalytic performances. In this Review article, a systematic introduction to the state‐of‐the‐art metal/PCN photocatalyst systems is given, with metals in versatility of nanoparticles, single atoms, and molecular complexes. Then, the recent processes of the metal/PCN photocatalyst systems in the applications of artificial photosynthesis, e.g., water splitting and CO2 reduction, are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of high efficiency metal/PCN photocatalyst systems are presented and prospected.
Modulation of Bi2MoO6‐Based Materials for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Environmental Application: a Critical Review
Authors: Yu Hanbo , Jiang Longbo , Wang Hou , Huang Binbin , Yuan Xingzhong , Huang Jinhui , Zhang Jin , Zeng Guangming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHighly active photocatalysts driving chemical reactions are of paramount importance toward renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection. As a fascinating Aurivillius phase material, Bi2MoO6 has been the hotspot in photocatalytic applications due to its visible light absorption, nontoxicity, low cost, and high chemical durability. However, pure Bi2MoO6 suffers from low efficiency in separating photogenerated carriers, small surface area, and poor quantum yield, resulting in low photocatalytic activity. Various strategies, such as morphology control, doping/defect‐introduction, metal deposition, semiconductor combination, and surface modification with conjugative π structures, have been systematically explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6. To accelerate further developments of Bi2MoO6 in the field of photocatalysis, this comprehensive Review endeavors to summarize recent research progress for the construction of highly efficient Bi2MoO6‐based photocatalysts. Furthermore, benefiting from the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6‐based materials, various photocatalytic applications including water splitting, pollutant removal, and disinfection of bacteria, were introduced and critically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of Bi2MoO6 are pointed out. This comprehensive Review is expected to consolidate the existing fundamental theories of photocatalysis and pave a novel avenue to rationally design highly efficient Bi2MoO6‐based photocatalysts for environmental pollution control and green energy development.
Numerische Untersuchungen einer energiedissipierenden Schutzvorrichtung gegen Schiffsanprall
Authors: Morgenthal Guido , Wang Wei , Kraus Matthias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Frank Werner zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetEin Schiffsanprall stellt eine außergewöhnliche Beanspruchungssituation dar, die die Sicherheit von Brückenbauwerken im Bereich von Wasserstraßen gefährdet. Zur Vermeidung des unmittelbaren Anpralls gegen Brückenpfeiler kommen unterschiedliche Schutzvorrichtungen zum Einsatz. Derartige Schutzsysteme dissipieren einen Großteil der Anprallenergie durch die Entwicklung plastischer Deformationen, sodass die vom Pfeiler bzw. Schiff zu absorbierende Energie auf ein Minimum reduziert wird. In diesem Beitrag werden numerische Untersuchungen und das strukturelle Verhalten einer neuartigen kollisionssichernden Konstruktion vorgestellt, bei der sich beim Anprall plastische Mechanismen in klar definierten Bauteilbereichen entwickeln und übrige Konstruktionselemente im elastischen Zustand verbleiben. Da die Konstruktion nach einem Anprallereignis dadurch in weiten Bereichen nicht geschädigt ist, können sich Wiederherstellungsmaßnahmen auf lokal begrenzte Bereiche beschränken. Die konstruktive Durchbildung von Konstruktionsdetails steht bei den Untersuchungen nicht im Mittelpunkt und soll in weitergehenden Studien entwickelt werden.
Ultrasound feedback training increases trainee accuracy in vaginal assessment of fetal head position in labor
Authors: Goldkamp J. , Vricella L. , Mostello D. , Tomlinson T. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an immediate ultrasound feedback intervention on trainee accuracy in vaginal‐examination‐based assessment of fetal head position.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary care center. Six third‐year and six fourth‐year residents in an obstetrics and gynecology residency training program were the study subjects. The third‐year residents underwent a training intervention in which they assessed fetal head position by transvaginal digital examination and then received immediate feedback through ultrasound demonstration of the actual position. All examinations were performed in women with a singleton gestation ≥ 35 weeks and cervical dilation ≥ 8 cm, following rupture of membranes. The comparison groups were third‐year residents before, during and after training and fourth‐year residents who were not exposed to the training intervention. The primary outcome was the difference in accuracy of fetal‐head‐position assessment on vaginal examination by third‐year residents before and after ultrasound feedback training. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with digital examination accuracy.ResultsOverall, 390 examinations were performed. The accuracy of fetal‐head‐position assessments of third‐year residents was 55% (53/96) before training, 65% (74/114) during training and 70% (63/90) after training, while that of fourth‐year residents who did not undergo training was 52% (47/90) (P = 0.04). Fourth‐year residents who did not undergo ultrasound training demonstrated similar baseline accuracy to that of third‐year residents pretraining (52% (47/90)vs55% (53/96),P = 0.68), but had significantly lower accuracy than had the third‐year residents post‐training (52% (47/90)vs70% (63/90);P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed a positive association between ultrasound feedback training and the ability to assess accurately fetal head position. After adjusting for the variables included in the final model, examinations performed by third‐year residents pretraining and those performed by fourth‐year residents who did not undergo training were less likely to be accurate than those performed by third‐year residents post‐training (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26–0.91) and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22–0.80), respectively).ConclusionImmediate ultrasound feedback training increased trainee accuracy in vaginal assessment of fetal head position in labor. Its integration into obstetric training programs should be considered. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping and microarray analysis in twins with structural anomalies
Authors: Li L. , He Z. , Huang X. , Lin S. , Wu J. , Huang L. , Wan Y. , Fang Q. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and types of chromosomal abnormalities detected in twins with structural anomalies and compare their distribution according to chorionicity and amnionicity and by structural‐anomaly type. The added value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) over conventional karyotyping in twins was also estimated.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective analysis of 534 twin pregnancies seen over an 11‐year period, in which one or both fetuses were diagnosed with congenital structural anomalies on ultrasound. The ultrasound findings and invasive prenatal diagnostic results were reviewed. Twin pregnancies were categorized as monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA), monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) or dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA). Chromosomal abnormalities detected by G‐banding karyotyping and/or CMA were analyzed by chorionicity and amnionicity and by structural‐anomaly type.ResultsThe 534 twin pairs analyzed comprised 25 pairs of MCMA, 112 pairs of MCDA and 397 pairs of DCDA twins. Of the 549 fetuses affected by structural anomalies, 432 (78.7%) underwent invasive prenatal testing and cytogenetic results were obtained. The incidence of overall chromosomal abnormalities in the DCDA fetuses (25.4%) was higher than that in the MCMA (3.7%) and MCDA (15.3%) fetuses. The incidence of aneuploidy was significantly higher in the DCDA group (22.8%) than in the MCMA (0.0%) and MCDA (12.4%) groups. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities detected in fetuses, with anomalies of the cardiovascular, faciocervical, musculoskeletal, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems, was higher in the DCDA group than in the MCDA group. In both the DCDA and MCDA groups, hydrops fetalis was associated with the highest incidence of chromosomal abnormality; of these fetuses, 67.6% had Turner syndrome (45,X). Pathogenic copy‐number variations (CNVs) undetectable by karyotyping were identified by CMA in five (2.0%; 95% CI, 0.3–3.7%) DCDA fetuses. No pathogenic CNVs were found in MCMA and MCDA twins.ConclusionsDichorionic twins with structural anomalies have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities, especially aneuploidies, than do monochorionic twins. The incremental diagnostic yield of CMA over karyotyping seems to be lower (2.0%) in twins than that reported in singleton pregnancy. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Applications of molecular engineering in T‐cell‐based immunotherapies
Authors: McBride David A. , Kerr Matthew D. , Wai Shinya L. , Shah Nisarg J. 
Published: April 2019

Harnessing an individual's immune cells to mediate antitumor and antiviral responses is a life‐saving option for some patients with otherwise intractable forms of cancer and infectious disease. In particular, T‐cell‐based engineered immune cells are a powerful new class of therapeutics with remarkable efficacy. Clinical experience has helped to define some of the major challenges for reliable, safe, and effective deployment of T‐cells against a broad range of diseases. While poised to revolutionize immunotherapy, scalable manufacturing, safety, specificity, and the development of resistance are potential roadblocks in their widespread usage. The development of molecular engineering tools to allow for the direct or indirect engineering of T‐cells to enable one to troubleshoot delivery issues, amplify immunomodulatory effects, integrate the synergistic effects of different molecules, and home to the target cells in vivo. In this review, we will analyze thus‐far developed cell‐ and material‐based tools for enhancing T‐cell therapies, including methods to improve safety and specificity, enhancing efficacy, and overcoming limitations in scalable manufacturing. We summarize the potential of T‐cells as immune modulating therapies and the potential future directions for enabling their adoption for a broad range of diseases.This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Second order splitting functions and infrared safe cross sections in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory
Authors: Banerjee Pulak , Chakraborty Amlan , Dhani Prasanna K. , Ravindran V. , Seth Satyajit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report our findings on the perturbative structure of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in the infrared sector by computing inclusive scattering cross sections of on-shell particles. We use half-BPS, energy-momentum tensor and Konishi operators to produce singlet states in the scattering processes to probe the soft and the collinear properties of the cross sections. By appropriately defining the infrared safe observables, we obtain collinear splitting functions up to second order in the perturbation theory. The splitting functions and the infrared finite cross sections demonstrate several interesting connections with those in the perturbative QCD. We also determine the process independent soft distribution function up to third order in the perturbation theory and show that it is universal i.e. independent of the operators as well as the external states. Interestingly, the soft distribution function in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory matches exactly with the leading transcendental part of the corresponding one in the QCD. This enables us to predict the third order soft plus virtual cross section for the production of the on-shell singlet states.
Risk Factors for Incarceration in Patients with Primary Abdominal Wall and Incisional Hernias: A Prospective Study in 4472 Patients
Authors: Sneiders Dimitri , Yurtkap Yagmur , Kroese Leonard F. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , Lange Johan F. , Gillion Jean‐François ,   The Hernia‐Club Members, Antor M. , Beck M. , Barrat C. , Berney C. , Binot D. , Bousquet J. , Blazquez D. , Bonan A. , Cas O. , Champault‐Fezais A. , Chastan P. , Chollet J.‐M. , Cossa J.‐P. , Dabrowski A. , Delaunay T. , Démaret S. , Drissi F. , Demian H. , Dubuisson V. , Dugue T. , Fromont G. , Gillion J.‐F. , Jacquin C. , Jurczak F. , Khalil H. , Launay‐Savary M. , Lepère M. , Lépront D. , Longeville J. H. , Le Toux N. , Loriau J. , Magne E. , Ngo P. , Oberlin O. , Passot G. , Pavis d'Escurac X. , Putinier J. B. , Renard Y. , Romain B. , Soler M. , Roos S. , Thillois J.‐M. , Tiry P. , Vu P. , Verhaeghe R. , Warlaumont M. , Zaranis C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncarceration of primary and incisional hernias often results in emergency surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of defect size and location with incarceration. Secondary objectives comprised identification of additional patient factors associated with an incarcerated hernia.MethodsA registry‐based prospective study was performed of all consecutive patients undergoing hernia surgery between September 2011 and February 2016. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for incarceration.ResultsIn total, 83 (3.5%) of 2352 primary hernias and 79 (3.7%) of 2120 incisional hernias had a non‐reducible incarceration. For primary hernias, a defect width of 3–4 cm compared to defects of 0–1 cm was significantly associated with an incarcerated hernia (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.57–5.18, p = 0.0006). For incisional hernias, a defect width of 3–4 cm compared to defects of 0–2 cm was significantly associated with an incarceration (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.07–4.31, p = 0.0324). For primary hernias, defects in the peri‐ and infra‐umbilical region portrayed a significantly increased odds for incarceration as compared to supra‐umbilical defects (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.85, p = 0.043). Additionally, in primary hernias age, BMI, and constipation were associated with incarceration. In incisional hernias age, BMI, female sex, diabetes mellitus and ASA classification were associated with incarceration.ConclusionFor primary and incisional hernias, mainly defects of 3–4 cm were associated with incarceration. For primary hernias, mainly defects located in the peri‐ and infra‐umbilical region were associated with incarceration. Based on patient and hernia characteristics, patients with increased odds for incarceration may be selected and these patients may benefit from elective surgical treatment.
Ketamin: Einsatz bei chronischen Schmerzen und Depression
Authors: Jaksch Wolfgang , Likar Rudolf , Aigner Martin 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungObwohl Ketamin seit langem bekannt und im klinischen Einsatz ist, bleiben nach wie vor Fragen rund um die vielfältigen möglichen Anwendungsfelder als Anästhetikum und Analgetikum offen. Diese betreffen nicht das klassische Einsatzgebiet in der Notfallmedizin und Anästhesie, sondern auch potentielle, neue Indikationen, in denen Ketamin in niedrigen, subanästhetischen Dosierungen zum Einsatz kommt. Der Wirkmechanismus am NMDA-Rezeptor unterscheidet Ketamin deutlich von allen anderen Analgetika. Mögliche Einsatzgebiete sind Prävention chronischer postoperativer Schmerzen sowie die Behandlung neuropathischer Schmerzen. Mit der Behandlung der refraktären Depression könnte sich Ketamin auch in einem gänzlich neuen Feld etablieren.
No-Reference Video Quality Assessment Based on the Temporal Pooling of Deep Features
Authors: Varga Domonkos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVideo quality assessment (VQA) is an important element of various applications ranging from automatic video streaming to display technology. Furthermore, visual quality measurements require a balanced investigation of visual content and features. Previous studies have shown that the features extracted from a pretrained convolutional neural network are highly effective for a wide range of applications in image processing and computer vision. In this study, we developed a novel architecture for no-reference VQA based on the features obtained from pretrained convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, temporal pooling, and regression. In particular, we obtained solutions by only applying temporally pooled deep features and without using manually derived features. The proposed architecture was trained based on the recently published Konstanz natural video quality database (KoNViD-1k), which contains 1200 video sequences with authentic distortion unlike other publicly available databases. The experimental results obtained based on KoNViD-1k demonstrated that the proposed method performed better than other state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, these results were confirmed by tests using the LIVE VQA database, which contains artificially distorted videos.
Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health
Authors: Zhuang Lu , Chen Haihua , Zhang Sheng , Zhuang Jiahui , Li Qiuping , Feng Zhichun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Trillions of microbes reside in the human body and participate in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes that affect host health throughout the life cycle. The microbiome is hallmarked by distinctive compositional and functional features across different life periods. Accumulating evidence has shown that microbes residing in the human body may play fundamental roles in infant development and the maturation of the immune system. Gut microbes are thought to be essential for the facilitation of infantile and childhood development and immunity by assisting in breaking down food substances to liberate nutrients, protecting against pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system, and exerting control over the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiota in early life, highlighting the recent findings regarding the role of intestinal microbes in pediatric diseases. Furthermore, we also discuss the microbiota-mediated therapeutics that can reconfigure bacterial communities to treat dysbiosis.
An Update on Non-Ischemic Priapism
Authors: Ingram Amanda R. , Stillings Stephanie A. , Jenkins Lawrence C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon-ischemic or high-flow priapism is derived from unregulated arterial inflow within the penis, which is significantly less common and, therefore, less well characterized than ischemic or low-flow priapism.AimWe collected the most recent available data and summarized the findings.MethodsAll literature related to non-ischemic priapism from 2000–2018 from several databases was reviewed, and 105 articles, including any relevant referenced articles, were ultimately included.Main Outcome MethodsWe evaluated modality success rates, need for repeat procedures, and effects on erectile function.Results237 cases of non-ischemic priapism were evaluated. Approximately 27% of patients underwent observation or medical management as the first treatment modality, whereas 73% underwent intervention without observation or medical management beforehand. Angiographic embolization with temporary agents was the most common intervention and generally resulted in both moderate resolution of non-ischemic priapism and moderate preservation of baseline erectile function. Patients who underwent embolization with permanent agents experienced higher rates of resolution, as well as lower rates of erectile dysfunction (ED).ConclusionMost of the literature is in the form of case reports and small case series, thus limiting the quality and quantity of evidence available to draw decisive conclusions. However, from the available data, it is reasonable to presume that patients can undergo a trial of conservative management, then pursue embolization first with temporary agents. The analysis of the data demonstrated ED rates were higher with temporary agents than permanent agents. The literature quotes ED rates as low as 5% when using temporary agents and 39% with permanent agents. Our results were, in fact, the opposite, with higher ED rates when using temporary agents vs permanent (17–33% vs 8–17%). Further studies are required to better characterize the success and outcomes of angioembolization.
Factors affecting the geographic variability of antibiotic-resistant healthcare-associated infections in the United States using the CDC Antibiotic Resistance Patient Safety Atlas
Authors: Kubes Julianne N. , Fridkin Scott K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe utilized publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control to explore possible causes of state-to-state variability in antibiotic-resistant healthcare-associated infections. Outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins explained some variability in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli after adjusting for differences in age and healthcare facility composition.