bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Mechanisms and Uncertainty in Modeled Climatic Change at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition
Authors: Kennedy‐Asser A. T. , Lunt D. J. , Farnsworth A. , Valdes P. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Earth system changed dramatically across the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition (EOT) on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the many complex and interacting factors affecting the Earth's atmosphere and oceans at the EOT requires the combination of both data and modeling approaches and an understanding of the uncertainty in both of these elements. Here uncertainty in the Earth system response to various imposed forcings typical of changes at the EOT is assessed. By using an ensemble of simulations from the fully coupled general circulation model, HadCM3L, the uncertainty due to differences in the boundary conditions and insufficient model spin‐up is quantified. The surface temperature response in high‐latitude ocean regions, particularly where deep water formation occurs, is found to be highly sensitive to differences in boundary conditions (i.e., have the greatest magnitude of uncertainty), while low‐latitude oceans are the most insensitive to differences in boundary conditions (i.e., have the lowest magnitude of uncertainty). The length of spin‐up (or how far the model is from equilibrium) can have a significant effect on the response to some forcings and on the magnitude of uncertainty due to differences in boundary conditions. These findings are important to consider for future modeling work and for interpreting previous published simulations.
A Robust Feature Extraction and Parameterized Fitting Algorithm for Bottom‐Side Oblique and Vertical Incidence Ionograms
Authors: Heitmann Andrew J. , Gardiner‐Garden Robert S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutomatic processing of ionograms to extract ionospheric propagation characteristics and electron density profile parameters is an important enabling step toward constructing real time data‐assimilative models of the ionosphere. A robust and reliable feature extraction and fitting algorithm that supports both oblique and vertical incidence ionograms has recently been developed to enhance the regional ionospheric model for Australia's Jindalee Operational Radar Network. The so‐called DST‐IIP algorithm is an autoscaling technique based on a constrained quasi‐parabolic segment profile, which is modified from its climatological estimate to fit a set of key peak, edge, and line features in the ionogram image, representing the E, sporadic‐E (Es), and F2 layers. The F2 fitting, in particular, is performed in the ionogram domain, using analytic ray‐tracing and homing to produce a synthetic trace that reproduces the image features. Following thorough testing on a large database of midlatitude Australian ionograms, the DST‐IIP algorithm now runs routinely on‐board DST Group's Digital Oblique Receiving System. This paper provides an overview of the technique, along with sample results and performance statistics.
Thunderstorm charge structures producing gigantic jets
Authors: Boggs Levi D. , Liu Ningyu , Riousset Jeremy A. , Shi Feng , Lazarus Steven , Splitt Michael , K. Rassoul Hamid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGigantic jets are atmospheric electrical discharges that propagate from the top of thunderclouds to the lower ionosphere. They begin as lightning leaders inside the thundercloud, and the thundercloud charge structure primarily determines if the leader is able to escape upward and form a gigantic jet. No observationally verified studies have been reported on the thundercloud charge structures of the parent storms of gigantic jets. Here we present meteorological observations and lightning simulation results to identify a probable thundercloud charge structure of those storms. The charge structure features a narrow upper charge region that forms near the end of an intense convective pulse. The convective pulse produces strong storm top divergence and turbulence, as indicated by large values of storm top radial velocity differentials and spectrum width. The simulations show the charge structure produces leader trees closely matching observations. This charge structure may occur at brief intervals during a thunderstorm’s evolution due to the brief nature of convective pulses, which may explain the rarity of gigantic jets compared to other forms of atmospheric electrical discharges.
The KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) regulates type III interferon expression post-transcriptionally
Authors: Schmidtke Lisa , Schrick Katharina , Saurin Sabrina , Käfer Rudolf , Gather Fabian , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Kleinert Hartmut , Pautz Andrea 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) are the latest members of the IFN family. They play an important role in immune defense mechanisms, especially in antiviral responses at mucosal sites. Moreover, they control inflammatory reactions by modulating neutrophil and dendritic cell functions. Therefore, it is important to identify cellular mechanisms involved in the control of type III IFN expression. All IFN family members contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of their mRNAs that determine mRNA half-life and consequently the expressional level of these cytokines. mRNA stability is controlled by different proteins binding to these AREs leading to either stabilization or destabilization of the respective target mRNA. The KH-type splicing regulatory protein KSRP (also named KHSRP) is an important negative regulator of ARE-containing mRNAs. Here, we identify the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) mRNA as a new KSRP target by pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments, as well as luciferase reporter gene assays. We characterize the KSRP-binding site in the IFNL3 3′-UTR and demonstrate that KSRP regulates the mRNA half-life of the IFNL3 transcript. In addition, we detect enhanced expression of IFNL3 mRNA in KSRP−/− mice, establishing a negative regulatory function of KSRP in type III IFN expression also in vivo. Besides KSRP the RNA-binding protein AUF1 (AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1) also seems to be involved in the regulation of type III IFN mRNA expression.
Transporter oligomerisation: roles in structure and function
Authors: Cecchetti Cristina , Pyle Euan , Byrne Bernadette 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Oligomerisation is a key feature of integral membrane transporters with roles in structure, function and stability. In this review, we cover some very recent advances in our understanding of how oligomerisation affects these key transporter features, with emphasis on a few groups of transporters, including the nucleobase ascorbate transporters, neurotransmitter sodium symporters and major facilitator superfamily members.
Noise in bacterial gene expression
Authors: Engl Christoph 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The expression level of a gene can fluctuate significantly between individuals within a population of genetically identical cells. The resultant phenotypic heterogeneity could be exploited by bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Noise is hence a genome-wide phenomenon that arises from the stochastic nature of the biochemical reactions that take place during gene expression and the relatively low abundance of the molecules involved. The production of mRNA and proteins therefore occurs in bursts, with alternating episodes of high and low activity during transcription and translation. Single-cell and single-molecule studies demonstrated that noise within gene expression is influenced by a combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, our mechanistic understanding of this process at the molecular level is still rather limited. Further investigation is necessary that takes into account the detailed knowledge of gene regulation gained from biochemical studies.
Environmental and social issues on energy policy in indonesia
Authors: Hadi Sudharto Prawata , Prabawani Bulan , Purnaweni Hartuti 
Published: December 2018

One crucial problem faced by Indonesia is the dependence on fossil energy reaching to 93,3%, while the share of renewable energy is only 7,7%. This causes two implications. Firstly, Indonesia is at the situation of insecurity energy due to the limitation of the availability of fossil energy. Since 2004, Indonesia is net importer oil country. Secondly, the use of fossil energy creates CO2, a component of green house gases stimulating global warming and climate change. One strategy to deal with this problem is by implementing new energy system consisting of developing renewable energy and energy efficiency.
This paper observes the impact of the use of fossil energy, the measures taken to deal with these problems and the issues of implementing the measures. This research relies on secondary data available at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource, Ministry of Environment and Forestry specifically at by Proper Secretariat, and other relevant sources.
Der minderjährige Patient beim Heilpraktiker
Authors: Ulusal Suzan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFür den Behandelnden ist eine umfassende Aufklärung des Patienten unerlässlich, um eine rechtswirksame Einwilligung zu erhalten. Ist der Patient minderjährig, unterscheidet man als Behandelnder unabhängig von der Geschäftsfähigkeit, ob er einwilligungsfähig ist. Ein einwilligungsfähiger minderjähriger Patient kann eine Behandlung rechtswirksam ablehnen, für eine Behandlung bleibt die elterliche Zustimmung aber notwendig.
Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit: Fokus auf zahnmedizinischen Aspekten
Authors: Koop Herbert , Labenz Joachim 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Leitlinie zur gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit sind die Prinzipien von Diagnostik und Therapie aufgrund bestehender Evidenz definiert. Grundlage der Diagnostik ist eine ausführliche Anamnese, ergänzt durch eine Gastroskopie, während funktionsdiagnostische Untersuchungen mittels pH-Metrie oder (besser) Impedanz-pH-Metrie bestimmten Konstellationen (insbesondere Therapieversagern) vorbehalten sind. In der Therapie dominiert für alle Schweregrade eine Säuresekretionshemmung mittels Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI), wenngleich heute auch ein (ggf. zusätzlicher) Einsatz von Alginaten diskutiert wird. Chirurgische Eingriffe sind nach sorgfältiger Patientenselektion eine Option, während andere Verfahren (Linx, elektrische Stimulation des unteren Ösophagus-Sphinkters, endoskopische Verfahren) insbesondere hinsichtlich der langfristigen Effektivität noch weiterer Studien bedürfen. Die pathophysiologischen Vorstellungen zu extraösophagealen Manifestationen der Refluxkrankheit machen derzeit gravierende Revisionen durch. Auch wenn dentale Erosionen als gesicherte Assoziation einer Refluxkrankheit gelten, ist die wissenschaftliche Basis dafür dürftig. Ein Barrett-Ösophagus bedarf aufgrund des Risikos einer malignen Transformation bei geeigneten Patienten eines strukturierten Überwachungsprogramms.
Update zahnärztliche Funktionsanalyse – Aktuelle Verfahren, Instrumente und digitale Befundauswertung
Authors: Ahlers M. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungFunktionsdiagnostik basiert heute auf verschiedenen einander ergänzenden Untersuchungsmethoden. Nach dem Einsatz technischer Untersuchungsmittel werden diese daher in instrumentelle und nichtinstrumentelle Verfahren unterteilt.Zu den nichtinstrumentellen Verfahren zählen die klinische Funktionsanalyse, die manuelle Strukturanalyse und ergänzende Methoden, wie die Tests auf psychische Co-Faktoren und Tests aus orthopädische Co-Faktoren.Die instrumentellen Verfahren hingegen umfassen Techniken zur Aufzeichnung und Auswertung der Kieferposition in Statik (Kondylenpositionsanalyse), zur Auswertung der Bewegungsrichtung (als Grundlage der Artikulatorprogrammierung) sowie zur funktionellen Bewegungsanalyse.Voraussetzung für aussagekräftige Untersuchungsergebnisse ist die indikationsbezogene Auswahl der verschiedenen Verfahren sowie deren strukturierte Auswertung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt im Sinne einer Übersicht den aktuellen Stand und legt dabei vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Leitlinie instrumentelle Funktionsanalyse den Fokus auf die Darstellung des aktuellen Standes dieser Untersuchungstechniken.
Mundgerechte Pflege
Authors: Käser Heike 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFür Zähne, Mund und Lippen selbst hergestelltes Zahngel, Herbal-Mundwasser-Konzentrat und Lippenbalsam „Rose“ – ohne synthetische Konservierungsmittel, ohne Tenside, ohne Tierversuche.
Nah und fern
Authors: Schilke-Prigge Denise 
Published: December 2018

SummaryJeder Zahn ist über Reflexwege und Meridiane mit bestimmten Organen und Geweben verbunden, deshalb können Störfelder im Gebiss fernab des Geschehens Erkrankungen auslösen. Bestimmte Zähne und Zahnfehlstellungen wie Lücken oder Überstände können mit entsprechenden Emotionen und Temperamenten in Beziehung stehen. Über ein zwischen mehreren Therapeuten abgestimmtes, ganzheitliches Behandlungsregime lassen sich Zahnstörfelder erfolgreich sanieren und Folgeerkrankungen wirksam behandeln.
The Use of Handheld Ultrasound Devices – An EFSUMB Position Paper
Authors: Nielsen Michael , Cantisani Vito , Sidhu Paul , Badea Radu , Batko Tomasz , Carlsen Jonathan , Claudon Michel , Ewertsen Caroline , Garre Carmen , Genov Jordan , Gilja Odd , Havre Roald , Kosiak Mateusz , Kosiak Wojciek , Pilcher James , Prosch Helmut , Radzina Maija , Rafailidis Vasileios , Rykkje Alexander , Serra Andreas , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Østergaard Mia , Dietrich Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe miniaturization of ultrasound equipment in the form of tablet- or smartphone-sized ultrasound equipment is a result of the rapid evolution of technology and handheld ultrasound devices (HHUSD). This position paper of the European Federation of Societies in Ultrasound and Medicine (EFSUMB) assesses the current status of HHUSD in abdominal ultrasound, pediatric ultrasound, targeted echocardiography and heart ultrasound, and we will report position comments on the most common clinical applications. Also included is a SWOT (Strength – Weaknesses – Opportunities – Threats) analysis, the use for handheld devices for medical students, educational & training aspects, documentation, storage and safety considerations.
Psychosomatische Sprechstunde in der Hausarztpraxis – ein neues Kooperationsmodell von Psychosomatik und Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Hartmann Mechthild , Finkenzeller Caroline , Boehlen Friederike , Wagenlechner Petra , Peters-Klimm Frank , Herzog Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungEine hohe Zahl an Patienten mit psychischen oder psychosomatischen Erkrankungen erhält derzeit keine adäquate fachärztliche bzw. fachpsychotherapeutische Behandlung, sondern verbleibt diesbezüglich alleinig beim Hausarzt. Ursachen sind häufig lange Wartezeiten auf Psychotherapie, patientenseitige Barrieren oder offene differenzialdiagnostische Fragen. Daher entwickelten wir ein Versorgungskonzept, das direkt in der Hausarztpraxis ansetzt und offen für jegliche psychosomatische Störung ist. Dieses Modell, das im Kern eine vor-Ort Sprechstunde durch einen Facharzt für Psychosomatische Medizin umfasst, wird im Folgenden vorgestellt. Erste Erfahrungen bezüglich Inanspruchnahme und Patientenklientel belegen eine hohe Akzeptanz seitens Patienten, Hausärzten und Fachärzten für Psychosomatische Medizin.
Bipolar Sealers Do not Improve Blood Loss or Functional Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pasqualotto Stefano , Demey Guillaume , Michelet Aude , Nover Luca , Saffarini Mo , Dejour David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral methods were introduced to limit perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). By transcollation of soft tissues below 100°C, bipolar sealers intend to reduce bleeding and tissue damage, compared with conventional electrocautery. Existing studies report contradictory findings about the performance of bipolar sealers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bipolar sealer on blood loss, transfusions, hospital length of stay (LOS), and functional scores in primary TKA. In this single-center prospective study, 101 patients, undergoing primary TKA in a fast-track setting without tourniquet use, were randomly assigned to either (1) the study group which was operated with a bipolar sealer or (2) the control group operated with conventional electrocautery. The study cohort comprised 49 men and 52 women, aged 71.1 ± 8.8 years. There was no significant difference between the bipolar sealer group and the control group in terms of blood loss at day 3 (1,240 ± 547.4 vs. 1,376 ± 584.4 mL; p = ns [not significant]), transfusion rate (10 vs. 4%; p = ns), surgery time (48.2 ± 10.8 vs. 46.6 ± 9.1 minute; p = ns) or LOS (4.1 ± 2.7 vs 4.3 ± 2.0 days; p = ns). At a mean follow-up of 63.3 ± 4.9 days, there was no significant difference between the bipolar sealer group and the control group in terms of net improvement of Knee Society Score (KSS) knee (26.0 ± 16.7 vs. 23.7 ± 12.3; p = ns) and KSS function (20.4 ± 19.3 vs. 20.8 ± 19.9; p = ns). Compared with the use of conventional electrocautery in primary TKA without tourniquet, we found no effect of bipolar sealer use on blood loss, transfusion rates, LOS, or functional recovery. This is a Level II, prospective cohort study.
Is There a Relationship between Patellofemoral Alignment and Osgood–Schlatter Disease? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Seyfettinoğlu Fırat , Köse Özkan , Oğur Hasan Ulaş , Tuhanioğlu Ümit , Çiçek Hakan , Acar Baver 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the role of anatomic variations in patellofemoral alignment in patients with or without Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) and to determine the potential anatomic risk factors that may play role in the etiology. This prospective observational case-control study was conducted on two groups of adolescent patients. Group 1 comprised patients who were diagnosed as having OSD and group 2 consisted of an equal number of age-matched patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with traumatic knee injury and underwent knee radiographic examination but without a diagnosis of OSD. Age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), dominant side, and level of sporting activity were recorded. Quadriceps (Q) angles were measured using a long-arm goniometer with patients lying in the supine position with their knees in full extension and contracting the Q muscles. On anteroposterior, lateral knee, and tangential patella (Merchant and Laurin views) radiographs, the following measurements were performed: Insall–Salvati (IS), Caton–Deschamps (CD), and Blackburne–Peel (BP) indexes, congruence angles, lateral patellofemoral angles, sulcus angles, and patella type according to Grelsamer's morphology classification. Both groups were similar in respect of age (p = 0.160), sex (p = 0.311), height (p = 0.326), weight (p = 0.596), BMI (p = 0.153), and dominancy (p = 0.500). The rate of patients engaged in sports activities was significantly greater in the OSD group (p = 0.003). No significant difference was determined between the groups in respect to IS index, CD index, BP index, sulcus angle, lateral patellofemoral angle, and congruence angle (p–values: 0.358, 0.995, 0.912, 0.802, 1.000, and 0.907, respectively). The mean Q angle was measured as 15.6 ± 2.2 degrees in the OSD group and 14.3 ± 2.5 degrees in the control group (p = 0.014). Despite the difference being statistically significant, it was clinically insignificant because the difference was only 1.3 degrees. The principle etiologic factor seems to be increased physical activity rather than subtle variations is patellofemoral anatomy and alignment of extensor mechanism.
Severe Sepsis-Associated Morbidity and Mortality among Critically Ill Children with Cancer
Authors: Aljabari Salim , Balch Alfred , Larsen Gitte Y. , Fluchel Mark , Workman Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSevere sepsis (SS) in pediatric oncology patients is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for morbidity and mortality among children diagnosed with cancer from 2008 to 2012, and admitted with SS during the 3 years following cancer diagnosis. A total of 1,002 children with cancer were included, 8% of whom required pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission with SS. Death and/or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome occurred in 34 out of 99 PICU encounters (34%). Lactate level and history of stem-cell transplantation were significantly associated with the development of death and/or organ dysfunction (p < 0.05).
Religion and Islamic tourism destinations.
Authors: Suleman R. , Qayum B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Drawing upon recent themes within tourism management, this chapter explores interesting and challenging approaches to the management of Islamic tourism destinations. It takes a closer look at some of the intricacies of Islamic tourism and its management but the priority here is to approach seemingly 'given' terms in this sub-discipline with caution, criticality and an awareness of the audience. The Taj Mahal is used as an illustration to demonstrate how destinations are not fixed in time and space, and draw attention to how meanings, narratives and representation around destinations/sites/events can be altered for a range of motivations.
Constructs of foot pilgrimage in Islam: the case of Arbaeen Ziyara.
Authors: Mujtaba U. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter addresses the Islamic academic notions pertinent to route-based pilgrimage, particularly involving 'foot pilgrimage', and embraces scholarly deliberations on foot pilgrimage from an Islamic vantage point. The chapter also investigates the reasons behind the lack of studies covering Islamic foot pilgrimages. Discussions include a review of the focal concepts of 'sacredness' in route-based pilgrimage, and deliberations underline the notion of 'sacredness' from the Islamic perspective and its associated relevance in route-based pilgrimage. To present the Islamic vantage point on foot-pilgrimage, this chapter focuses on the Arbaeen Ziyara, an annual gathering in Karbala, Iraq.
poreTally: run and publish de novo nanopore assembler benchmarks
Authors: de Lannoy Carlos , Risse Judith , de Ridder Dick 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Nanopore sequencing is a novel development in nucleic acid analysis. As such, nanopore-sequencing hardware and software are updated frequently and extensively, which quickly renders peer-reviewed publications on analysis pipeline benchmarking efforts outdated. To provide the user community with a faster, more flexible alternative to peer-reviewed benchmark papers for de novo assembly tool performance we constructed poreTally, a comprehensive benchmarking tool. poreTally automatically assembles a given read set using several often-used assembly pipelines, analyzes the resulting assemblies for correctness and continuity, and finally generates a quality report, which can immediately be published on Github/Gitlab.

Availability and implementation
poreTally is available on Github at https://github.com/ cvdelannoy/poreTally, under an MIT license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.