bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of iron absorption from single meals and daily diets using radioFe (55Fe, 59Fe)
Authors: Tidehag Per , Hallmans Goran , Wing Kenneth , Sjöström Rolf , ÅGren Goran , Lundin Eva , Zhang Jie-xian 
Published: May 2019

Abstrac:The purpose of the present study was to compare two measures of Fe absorption, one from single meals and the other from daily diets. Ten ileostomy subjeets were given the same low-fibre composite diet for all three meals each day for five consecutive days. After 3 weeks the experiment was repeated with a high- fibre diet. The morning meal constituted one-seventh of the total daily diet intake, the mid-day meal two- sevenths and the evening meal four-sevenths of the total daily diet intake. On days 4 and 5 of each diet period the morning meal was labelled with 55Fe and all three meals were labelled with 59Fe. The activities retained in the subjects 19 d later showed the Fe absorption from the low-fibre diet measured from the morning meals to be almost 80 % greater than the average Fe absorption measured from all meals during the same 2 d. With the high-fibre diet the absorption from the morning meals was less than 50 % greater than the average for all meals but the difference was not significant. We suggest that all meals of the day should be labelled with radioFe in order to avoid inflating the measures of Fe absorption.
De facto freedom, de facto authority: press and parliament, 1640–1643
Authors: Mendle Michael 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn 1641 a century-long partnership of the crown and the London Stationers collapsed, leaving state control of the press and the Stationers’ interest in copyright in an extremely vulnerable situation. Tentatively at first and with growing assertiveness by 1642, the Lords and Commons revised and restated in their own interest the old partnership of the state and the Stationers; for their part, the Stationers worked hard to demonstrate their utility to the new regime and to preserve the privileges that allowed them to control the book business. The result of their joint efforts was the licensing ordinance of 1643, which critics, including John Milton, thought to be scarcely distinguishable from the Star Chamber decree of 1637, the high-water mark of the old regime. But the ordinance proved only partially successful. In the interim between regimes, there emerged a vigorous if vulgar tabloid journalism avant la lettre, sustained by an underclass of undisciplined elements of the Stationers’ Company, non-company interlopers and hawkers, and often youthful scribblers, several of them Cambridge drop-outs. Such engaging rascals no less than moralists like Milton had their share in acclimatizing the English to a press practically free of prior restraint.
Macmillan and the wind of change in Africa, 1957–1960
Authors: Ovendale Ritchie 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBased on the recently released documents in the Public Record Office, London, this article is concerned with examining the reasons behind the shift in the British approach towards decolonization in Africa signalled by Macmillan's ‘wind of change’ speech to the South African parliament on 3 February 1960. The documents suggest that the British decision to abdicate in Africa was partly due to international considerations, and to Cold War politics and the need to prevent Soviet penetration in Africa. The change from ‘multi-racialism’ to ‘non-racialism’ can be attributed to the influence of the commonwealth relations office under Lord Home, and an initiative from the leader of the Africa Capricorn society, David Stirling. The emphasis on the need for Britain to pursue the same policy in all of Africa can also be traced to the commonwealth relations office. Macmillan, himself was influenced by the ‘moral’ aspect, by the policies pursued by the Belgians in the Congo, but above all by the failure of French policy in Algeria.
The limits of extended naturalistic exposure on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/ by adult Japanese learners of English
Authors: Takagi Naoyuki , Mann Virginia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of extended adult exposure to authentic spoken English on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/, we tested 12 native speakers of English (A), 12 experienced Japanese (EJ) who had spent 12 or more years in the United States, and 12 less experienced Japanese (LJ) who had spent less than one year in the United States. The tests included the forced-choice identification of naturally produced /r/s and /1/s and the labeling of word-initial synthetic tokens that varied F2 and F3 to form an /r/-/l/-/w/ continuum. The F.Js’ mean performance in both tasks was closer to that of the As than the LJs, but nonetheless fell short. Extended exposure may improve /r/-/l/ identification accuracy; it does not ensure perfect perceptual mastery.
Phonological and lexical development in normal and late-talking toddlers
Authors: Thal Donna J. , Oroz Melinda , McCaw Valerie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractToddlers in the lowest tenth percentile for lexical production, based on parental report (late talkers), were compared with age- and language-matched controls on measures of phonetic complexity, lexical development, and grammatical complexity. Late talkers were placed in the pre-meaningful speech group if they produced fewer than 10 different words or in the meaningful speech group if they produced more than 10 different words in a spontaneous language sample. Late talkers who had entered the meaningful speech stage scored higher than those who had not on most of the measures of phonology, lexical, and grammatical complexity in intelligible speech, but not on measures of phonological development in babble. These results are compatible with other studies that found an overlap between phonology, lexicon, and grammar, as well as with those that suggested the importance of true consonant production for lexical development.
Low temperature below 200 °C solution processed tunable flash memory device without tunneling and blocking layer
Authors: Mondal Sandip , Venkataraman V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntrinsic charge trap capacitive non-volatile flash memories take a significant share of the semiconductor electronics market today. It is challenging to create intrinsic traps in the dielectric layer without high temperature processing steps. The main issue is to optimize the leakage current and intrinsic trap density simultaneously. Moreover, conventional memory devices need the support of tunneling and blocking layers since the charge trapping dielectric layer is incapable of preventing the memory leakage. Here we report a tunable flash memory device without tunneling and blocking layer by combining the discovery of high intrinsic charge traps of more than 1012 cm−2, together with low leakage current of less than 10−7 A cm−2 in solution derived, inorganic, spin-coated dielectric films which were heated at 200 °C or below. In addition, the memory storage capacity is tuned systematically upto 96% by controlling the trap density with increasing heating temperature.
Elevated cytokine levels in tears and saliva of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome correlate with clinical ocular and oral manifestations
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Aqrawi Lara A. , Utheim Tor Paaske , Tashbayev Behzod , Utheim Øygunn Aass , Reppe Sjur , Hove Lene Hystad , Herlofson Bente Brokstad , Singh Preet Bano , Palm Øyvind , Galtung Hilde Kanli , Jensen Janicke Cecilie Liaaen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvestigating cytokines in tear fluid and saliva may offer valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Cytokine profiles in both tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients, non-Sjögren’s syndrome (non-SS) subjects with sicca symptoms, and healthy controls without sicca complaints were analysed. Furthermore, relationships associating the severity of clinical ocular and oral manifestations with the upregulated cytokines were assessed. In tear fluid, pSS patients showed elevated levels of IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1b, and Rantes compared to non-SS subjects and healthy controls. The increased cytokine levels (except IP-10) correlated significantly with reduced tear production, less stable tear film, and greater ocular surface damage. In saliva, pSS patients had a higher IP-10 level, which correlated with higher candida score; and an elevated MIP-1a level, which correlated significantly with lower unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva secretion rates. The upregulated cytokines identified in tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients show a clear interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses that may contribute to disease pathogenesis. The increase of IP-10 and MIP in both tears and saliva further emphasises the essential role of macrophages and innate immunity in pSS.
Soluble adenylyl cyclase links Ca2+ entry to Ca2+/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Parker Tony , Wang Kai-Wen , Manning Declan , Dart Caroline 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCa2+-transcription coupling controls gene expression patterns that define vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. Although not well understood this allows normally contractile VSMCs to become proliferative following vessel injury, a process essential for repair but which also contributes to vascular remodelling, atherogenesis and restenosis. Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3−-sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into hCASMCs expressing the FRET-based cAMP biosensor H187 induced a rise in cAMP that mirrored cytosolic [Ca2+]. SOCE also activated the cAMP effector, protein kinase A (PKA), as determined by the PKA reporter, AKAR4-NES, and induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and CREB. Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase inhibition had no effect on the SOCE-induced rise in cAMP, while sAC inhibition abolished SOCE-generated cAMP and significantly reduced SOCE-induced VASP and CREB phosphorylation. This suggests that SOCE in hCASMCs activates sAC which in turn activates the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis. sAC, which is insensitive to G-protein modulation but responsive to Ca2+, pH and ATP, may therefore act as an overlooked regulatory node in vascular Ca2+-transcription coupling.
Apicoplast phylogeny reveals the position of Plasmodium vivax basal to the Asian primate malaria parasite clade
Authors: Arisue Nobuko , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Kawai Satoru , Honma Hajime , Kume Keitaro , Horii Toshihiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe malaria parasite species, Plasmodium vivax infects not only humans, but also African apes. Human specific P. vivax has evolved from a single ancestor that originated from a parasite of African apes. Although previous studies have proposed phylogenetic trees positioning P. vivax (the common ancestor of human and African ape P. vivax) within the assemblages of Asian primate parasites, its position has not yet been robustly confirmed. We determined nearly complete apicoplast genome sequences from seven Asian primate parasites, Plasmodium cynomolgi (strains Ceylonensis and Berok), P. knowlesi P. fragile, P. fieldi, P. simiovale, P. hylobati, P. inui, and an African primate parasite, P. gonderi, that infects African guenon. Phylogenetic relationships of the Plasmodium species were analyzed using newly and previously determined apicoplast genome sequences. Multigene maximum likelihood analysis of 30 protein coding genes did not position P. vivax within the Asian primate parasite clade but positioned it basal to the clade, after the branching of an African guenon parasite, P. gonderi. The result does not contradict with the emerging notion that P. vivax phylogenetically originated from Africa. The result is also supported by phylogenetic analyses performed using massive nuclear genome data of seven primate Plasmodium species.
Knockdown of Tcf3 enhances the wound healing effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats
Authors: He Bin , Chen Jia , Liu Liang , Wang Hao , Wang Shaohua , Li Ping , Zhou Jianda 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the wound healing effect of Tcf3 in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their effects on wound healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were used to induce BMSCs differentiation into epithelial-like cells. Western Blotting analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to assess the expression levels of Tcf3 and the markers of epithelial-like cells, such as Cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), CK-19 and P63. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assay were carried out to detect cell viability. Immunohistochemistry and HE staining were used to assess the level of Tcf3 protein and skin repair degree, respectively. Rat wound healing model was built to evaluate the effects of BMSCs with altered expression of Tcf3 on wound healing. Results showed that EGF and FGFs stimulation increased the expression of CK-18, CK-19 and P63, improved BMSCs viability, but decreased the expression of Tcf3. Knockdown of Tcf3 in BMSCs increased CK-18, CK-19 and P63 expression and improved cell proliferation, as well as accelerated wound healing process. Moreover, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling weakened the effect of Tcf3 down-regulation on BMSCs proliferation enhancement. And inhibition of Notch1 signaling impeded the epithelial-like cell differentiation of BMSCs induced by Tcf3 down-regulation. Our study reveals that knockdown of Tcf3 enhances the wound healing process of BMSCs in rat, which provides new approach for accelerating skin regeneration.
Long non-coding RNA MEG3 serves as a ceRNA for microRNA-145 to induce apoptosis of AC16 cardiomyocytes under high glucose condition
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Zhang Zhifang , Zhu Diqi , Zhao Wenchuo , Li Fen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, but its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in human AC16 cardiomyocytes under high glucose (HG) condition. The results demonstrated that MEG3 was overexpressed in HG-treated AC16 cells, and MEG3 knockdown suppressed the HG-induced apoptosis in AC16 cells. Mechanistically, MEG3 directly binds to miR-145 in AC16 cells, thereby up-regulating the expression of PDCD4. Rescue experiments showed that the role of MEG3 in HG-treated AC16 cells was partly dependent on its suppression on miR-145. In summary, our findings suggested that the role of MEG3 in HG-treated human cardiomyocytes is to serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which negatively regulates miR-145. These findings may provide a valuable and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM in the future.
Pulmonale Hypertonie: Diagnostik, Klassifikation und Therapie
Authors: Lücke Eva , Schmeißer Alexander , Schreiber Jens 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der pulmonalen Hypertonie handelt es sich um eine Druckerhöhung in der Lungenstrombahn, dem sog. kleinen Kreislauf: Der pulmonalarterielle Mitteldruck (Messung im Rechtsherzkatheter) ist auf über 25 mmHg erhöht. Für die Prognose der meist stark beeinträchtigten Patienten ist eine frühe Diagnosestellung extrem wichtig. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Diagnostik, der klinischen Klassifikation und der gruppenspezifischen Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie.
Akute Brustschmerzen in der Hausarztpraxis – Unsicherheit zwischen abwartendem Offenhalten und Notarzteinsatz
Authors: Schmiemann Guido , Frantz Stefan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute chest pain is a frequent reason for encounter in primary care. In contrast to hospital/emergency departments serious diseases like acute coronary syndrome or a pulmonary embolism are relative rare in primary care. This overview presents the diagnostic work up and decisions for transfer to the hospital setting in patients with acute chest pain.
Pharmacokinetic Study of SKL-18287, a Novel Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, in Rats, Monkeys and Mini-Pigs
Authors: Takeuchi Mitsuaki , Okamoto Masayuki , Tamura Miyuki , Murase Takayo , Watanabe Nobuhide 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the United States, the European Union, and Japan. In our previous work, we designed and characterized a novel GLP-1 RA, SKL-18287. This RA consists of only natural L-amino acids, and is believed to exist in an oligomer form in systemic circulation. This unique feature may allow high biological stability and a long-lasting glucose lowering effect in T2DM treatment. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of SKL-18287 in rats, monkeys, and mini-pigs. Tissue distributions of radioactivity were also studied in rats after subcutaneous administration of [3H]-SKL-18287.
Methods Plasma concentrations of SKL-18287 were measured by LC-MS/MS after intravenous and subcutaneous administration of SKL-18287 in rats, monkeys, and mini-pigs. Pharmacokinetic parameters were then calculated and compared among these animal species. Tissue concentrations of radioactivity were determined by liquid scintillation counting following sample combustion, after subcutaneous administration of [3H]-SKL-18287 to rats.
Results SKL-18287 showed an extended half-life of over 5 h, with good subcutaneous bioavailability, in all animal species. Prediction of the pharmacokinetic profiles of SKL-18287 in humans using an animal scale-up approach revealed an SKL-18287 half-life of 14.8 h. The radioactivity concentration in the pancreas, a target tissue of GLP-1RA, was relatively higher than in other tissues, until 12 h after [3H]-SKL-18287 administration.
Conclusion SKL-18287 might be sufficient to maintain an effective concentration for a once-daily treatment for T2DM, and is a unique GLP-1 RA with a pancreas-selective feature.
Simulation-Based Training of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Radiology – A Systematic Review
Authors: Kahr Rasmussen Niklas , Andersen Tobias Thostrup , Carlsen Jonathan , Østergaard Mia Louise , Konge Lars , Albrecht-Beste Elisabeth , Nielsen Michael Bachmann 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose To perform a systematic review of the effect of simulation-based training (SBT) of percutaneous abdominal and thoracic ultrasound-guided procedures and to assess the transfer of procedural competence to a clinical context.
Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies assessing procedural competence after SBT. Two authors independently reviewed all studies and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for randomized studies (RoB) and non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I). Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
Results 42 studies were included. 6 were randomized controlled, 3 non-randomized controlled, and 33 non-randomized non-controlled. 26 studies examined US-guided abdominal procedures, 13 examined thoracic procedures, and 3 examined both. The results favored SBT compared to other educational interventions and found that training was superior to no training. Only two studies examined the transfer of procedural skills to a clinical context. All studies had a high or critical risk of bias. Thus, the quality of evidence for the effect of SBT on procedural competence was low, and evidence for its transfer to a clinical context was very low.
Conclusion The evidence supporting SBT of percutaneous abdominal and thoracic US-guided procedures remains insufficient due to methodological problems and a high risk of bias. Future studies should be randomized and single-blinded, use assessment tools supported by validity evidence, compare different educational strategies, and examine the transfer of skills to a clinical setting.
Conformational Flexibility In Fibrinogen
Authors: Hantgan Roy R 
Published: May 2019

The structure of fibrinogen in solution has been investigated by the technique of steady state fluorescence polarization. Factor XIII a has been employed to catalyze the incorporation of approximately 3 moles dansylcadaverine per mole fibrinogen without disruption of its structure or function. Two γ-chain and one α-chain crosslink acceptor sites have been labelled, according to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Light scattering and electron microscopy verify that this derivative forms normal fibrin upon thrombin activation; the modified protein is 93% clottable. The fluorescence emission maxiumum is shifted to 500 nm (vs. 540 nm for dansylcadaverine) and a substantial increase in fluorescence intensity is noted. Measurements of the fluorescent lifetime, by a phase shift technique, show an average lifetime of 14.5 ±2.5 nanoseconds (vs. 3 ns for dansylcadaverine). The rotational relaxation time, determined from a Perrin plot of polarization vs. temperature, is 165 ±13 ns. No change in rotational relaxation time was found in 0.005 M CaCl2 or at high ionic strength. The limiting polarization (extrapolated to infinite viscosity) agrees with that determined with dansylcadaverine fibrin (coarse gel conditions) as well as with the vlaue measured in 75% glycerol at 0°C. These controls confirm that overall macromolecular motion, not probe rotation,is being measured.The measured rotational relaxation time for dansylcadaverine fibrinogen is substantially shorter than values calculated for an anhydrous rigid sphere (300 ns) or a prolate ellipsoid (1000 ns), as well as other models based on hydrodynamic data. These results indicate that the rotating unit is smaller than the entire fibrinogen molecule, i.e. that the structure of fibrinogen in solution is flexible. This observation is consistent with earlier polarization data reported for dansylchloride labelled fibrinogen, as well as structural data indicating fibrinogen to be a multidomain protein, whose globular portions are connected by helical chains.
Urokinase Treatment In Acute And Subacute Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Trübestein G , Brecht Th , Ludwig M , Brecht G , Etzel F 
Published: May 2019

So far 74 patients with acute and subacute Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) were treated with a standardized Urokinase (UK) heparin scheme. From these patients 19 patients had a 1-6 day and 55 patients a 1-6 week old thrombosis of the iliac, femoral, popliteal or subclavian veins. The initial dose of the UK regimen was mostly 250.000 IU UK/10 min; the maintenance dose was 1.000.000 IU UK/24h in 40 patients, 1.500.000 IU UK/24h in 12 patients and 2.000.000 IU UK/24h in 22 patients. Heparin was given from the very beginning, starting with a dose of 1.000 IU/h. In the further course of therapy heparin was adjusted so that the thrombin time was 2 to 4 times of the normal. The duration of fibrinolytic therapy was mostly between 3 and 6 days in acute and between 7 and 14 days in subacute DVT. Severe side effects were seen in 2 patients, who had a strong bleeding. One patient died of pulmonary embolism.Results: The 1-6 day old thromboses of the 19 patients could be dissolved completely in 7 patients (37%) and partially in 4 patients (21%); no amelioration in the phlebo- grams was found in 8 patients (42%). The 1-6 week old thromboses of the 55 patients could be dissolved completely in 9 patients (16%) and partially in 30 patients (55%); no amelioration in the phlebograms was found in 16 patients (29%).Conclusion: The standardized UK-heparin scheme with a medium dose 80.000 IU UK/h used by us proved to be effective in most patients with DVT.