bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections
Authors: Qais Faizan Abul , Khan Mohd Sajjad Ahmad , Ahmad Iqbal , Althubiani Abdullah Safar 
Published: October 2018

Aims:
The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the
nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the
management of Candida infections.

Discussion:
In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including
candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of
available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical
strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development
of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity.

Conclusion:
Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and
could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic
interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with
enhanced antifungal activity.
Selenium and Autoimmune Diseases: A Review Article
Authors: Sahebari Maryam , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Khodashahi Mandana 
Published: October 2018

Background:Selenium is an essential trace element with fundamental effects on human biology. Trace elements deficiency is not an uncommon finding in autoimmune diseases. This deficiency may be a consequence of autoimmune diseases or may contribute to their etiology. With regard to evidence showing the association between selenium deficiency and generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent inflammation, reviewing the role of selenium in collagen vascular diseases could help researchers to devise strategies for managing these diseases.Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the role of selenium and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Data Sources:PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.Study Eligibility Criteria:All the studies on the use of selenium without any limitations in terms of the preparation method, administration route, or formulation process were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were: 1) Articles published in languages other than English, 2) Administration of chemical and hormonal drugs rather than selenium, 3) Investigation of the effects of selenium on the autoimmune problems in animal models, and 4) Insufficiency of the presented data or poor description of the applied methods. Furthermore, review articles, meta-analyses, expert opinions, editorial letters, case reports, consensus statements, and qualitative studies were excluded from the study.Data Extraction:In this systematic review, articles were evaluated through searching following keywords in combination with selenium: "autoimmune rheumatic diseases "or "scleroderma" or "systemic sclerosis" or "Behcet's disease" or "Sjögren syndrome" or "systemic lupus erythematosus" or "musculoskeletal diseases" or "rheumatoid arthritis" or "vasculitis" or "seronegative arthritis" or "antiphospholipid antibody syndrome".Results:Of 312 articles, 280 were excluded and 32 articles were entered in this study. Based on the majority of studies assessing selenium level in patients with collagen vascular diseases, lower selenium levels were observed in these patients. Moreover, the majority of articles showed an improvement in clinical symptoms of collagen vascular diseases compared to controls after the treatment of patients with different dosages of L-selenomethionine.Conclusion:A decrease in the serum level of selenium was noted in patients with autoimmune diseases, which may be a risk factor for inflammation and initiation of autoimmunity in these patients. A sufficient quantity of selenium has been shown to contribute to the management of complications of autoimmune diseases and even improved survival in patients with autoimmune diseases, which may be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of selenium. Since this issue is of clinical importance, it can be considered in potential nutrition interventions and have beneficial effects on some autoimmune diseases.
Nutraceutical Potential and Processing Aspects of Oyster Mushrooms (PleurotusSpecies)
Authors: Kumar Krishan 
Published: October 2018

Background:Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) have gained considerable attention of food technologist and nutritionist for their nutraceutical properties. Oyster mushrooms are considered as functional foods due to their richness in functional food ingredients. In recent times, consumption of these mushrooms has increased considerably due to their numerous health benefits. These are potential sources of bioactive components, which are sufficient enough for prevention and treatment of various lifestyle diseases. There are about 200 different species in the genus Pleurotus and these are commonly referred to as “oyster mushrooms”.Objective:The study aimed to grasp a collective information on nutraceutical and processing aspects of highly perishable but nutritious oyster mushroomResults:Pleurotus ostreatus is the most commonly consumed species all over the world due to its superior flavor, taste and nutraceutical properties. It acts as a source of natural antioxidants which might be beneficial for human health in preventing or reducing oxidative damage. Nutritionally, these species are rich sources of proteins, dietary fibres, β-glucan, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and minerals. They contain higher proportions of certain amino acids such as methionine, cystine and aspartic acid than other edible mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms have been reported to possess hypocholesterolemic, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-viral activities and act as natural resources of immunotherapy activities. The use of these mushrooms can overcome the deficiency of protein in the developing countries where there is unavailability or unacceptability of good quality proteins from animal sources because of religious restrictions.Conclusion:Because of the occurrence of abundant nutritional ingredients and other bioactive components in P. ostreatus, they have a great scope as a potential source for the development of functional or specialty foods for value addition of deficient foods so as to alleviate the nutritional deficiency diseases from society.
Jurisprudence Study of Muslim Rules and Effects of Ovarian Transplants in Women with Infertility; A Review
Authors: Ghodrati Fatemeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: October 2018

Background:The use of assisted reproductive techniques, in addition to mental and emotional stress in different stages, made some jurists, as fatwa authorities, to investigate and evaluate the problems of this type of transplantation.Objective:The aim of this study was the jurisprudence investigation of the rules and effects of ovarian transplants in women with infertility.Methods:This study was conducted through review and library studies using the keywords ovarian transplants, infertility, jurists’ opinions and religious rules as to ovarian transplantation.Results:Permission for transplanting one’s own ovarian tissue was issued through the consent of most scholars of Islamic schools and according to some verses, traditions, legal rules, and logical reasons. Although some of the Ancient religious scholars have dissenting opinions about transplantation, for some jurists, ovarian transplant from a woman to an infertile woman has no legal problem and the infant belongs to the recipient. However, some other jurists oppose this fatwa. They believe that there is a problem in the oocytes and ovarian transplantation due to mixed parentage and the holy legislator does not agree with this transplantation. So, they had opposing fatwa in this regard.Conclusion:According to the consensus of some Muslim jurists on ovarian transplant from one’s own ovary or from another woman, there is a new hope for infertile couples to use this method which is done from a woman to another woman.</P>
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Potential of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Derivatives of Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen and 4-tert-butylbenzoic Hydrazide: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Biochemical Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies
Authors: Abbas Saghir , Zaib Sumera , Ur Rahman Shafiq , Ali Saqib , Hameed Shahid , Tahir Muhammad N. , Munawar Khurram S. , Shaheen Farzana , Abbas Syed M. , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: October 2018

Background:The over-expression of the carbonic anhydrases results in some specific carcinomas including pancreatic, gastric and brain tumor. Tumors are distinguished under hypoxic conditions and various investigations are being carried out to target the known hypoxic areas of the tumors to increase the sensitivity towards standard therapeutic treatment.Objective:Herein, we have designed and synthesized some biologically important esters, hydrazides, thiocarbamates, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and Schiff bases. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the derivative against carbonic anhydrase and to assess the toxicity of the same compounds.Method:The structures of all the compounds were characterized by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The synthetic derivatives were screened for their inhibitory potential against carbonic anhydrase II by in vitro assay. Double reciprocal plots for inhibition kinetics of the potent compounds were constructed and mode of inhibition was determined. Furthermore, to check the cytotoxicity, these derivatives were tested against human breast adenocarcinoma by MTT method.Results:X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds 10, 14 and 15 showed that they did not have any π-π or C-H…&π interactions. The experimental results were validated by molecular docking and dynamic simulations of the potent compounds in the active pocket of enzyme. Important binding interactions of potent compounds with the key residues in the active site of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme were revealed. Drug likeness profile of the derivatives was evaluated to determine the physicochemical properties.Conclusion:The proposed synthetic approach provides a suitable platform for the generation of a new library of compounds which could potentially be employed in the future testing and optimization of inhibitor potencies.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Scutellarein Alkyl Derivatives as Preventing Neurodegenerative Agents with Improved Lipid Soluble Properties
Authors: Li He-Min , Gu Ting , Wu Wen-Yu , Yu Shao-Peng , Fan Tian-Yuan , Zhong Yue , Li Nian-Guang 
Published: October 2018

Background:Exogenous antioxidants are considered as a promising therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases since they could prevent and/or minimize the neuronal damage by oxidation.Objective:Three series of lipophilic compounds structurally based on scutellarein (2), which is one metabolite of scutellarin (1) in vivo, have been designed and synthesized.Methods:Their antioxidant activity was evaluated by detecting the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) produced in the ferrous salt/ascorbate-induced autoxidation of lipids, which were present in microsomal membranes of rat hepatocytes. The lipophilicity of these compounds indicated as partition coefficient between n-octanol and buffer was investigated by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer.Results:This study indicated that compound 5e which had a benzyl group substituted at the C4'- OH position showed a potent antioxidant activity and good lipophilicity.Conclusion:5e could be an effective candidate for preventing or reducing the oxidative status associated with the neurodegenerative processes.
Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Potential of C2 and C8 Modified Quinolines: in vitro and in silico Study
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Ritika , Kumar Inder , Upadhyay Pooja , Dhiman Ankit Kumar , Kumar Rohit , Kumar Rakesh , Purohit Rituraj , Sahal Dinkar , Sharma Upendra 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Malaria remains a common life-threatening infectious disease across the
globe due to the development of resistance by Plasmodium parasite against most antimalarial
drugs. The situation demands new and effective drug candidates against Plasmodium.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to design, synthesize and test novel quinoline based
molecules against the malaria parasite.

Methods:
C2 and C8 modified quinoline analogs obtained via C-H bond functionalization approach
were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of growth of P. falciparum grown in human
red blood cells using SYBR Green microtiter plate based screening. Computational molecular
docking studies were carried out with top fourteen molecules using Autodoc software.

Results:
The biological evaluation results revealed good activity of quinoline-8-acrylate 3f (IC50
14.2 µM), and the 2-quinoline-α-hydroxypropionates 4b (IC50 6.5 µM), 4j (IC50 5.5 µM) and 4g
(IC50 9.5 µM), against chloroquine sensitive Pf3D7 strain. Top fourteen molecules were screened
also against chloroquine resistant Pf INDO strain and the observed resistant indices were found to
lie between 1 and 7.58. Computational molecular docking studies indicated a unique mode of binding
of these quinolines to Falcipain-2 and heme moiety, indicating these to be the probable targets
of their antiplasmodial action.

Conclusion:
An important finding of our work is the fact that unlike Chloroquine which shows a
resistance Index of 15, the resistance indices for the most promising molecules studied by us were
about one indicating equal potency against drug sensitive and resistant strains of the malaria parasite.
Elevated Expression of A-Raf and FA2H in Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation and Cancer Progression
Authors: Ranjpour Maryam , Wajid Saima , Jain Swatantra K. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Identification of events leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is essential for understanding its pathophysiology. The aims of this study are to identify and characterize differentially expressed proteins in serum of HCC-bearing rats and the corresponding controls during cancer initiation, progression and tumorigenesis.Methods:Chemical carcinogens, N-Nitrosodiethylamine and 2-aminoacetylfluorine are administered to induce HCC to male Wistar rats. The 2D-Electrophoresis and PD-Quest analyses are performed to identify several differentially expressed proteins in serum of HCC-bearing animals. These proteins are further characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analyses. Using pathwaylinker a HCC-specific network is analyzed among the MALDITOF- MS/MS characterized proteins and their interactors.Results:Carcinogen administration caused inflammation leading to liver injury and HCC development. Liver inflammation was confirmed by increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in carcinogen treated rats. We report significant increase in expression of two differentially expressed proteins, namely, A-Raf and Fatty Acid 2- Hydroxylase (FA2H), at early stage of HCC initiation, during its progression and at tumor stage. Real-time PCR analysis of mRNA for these proteins confirmed up-regulation of their transcripts. Further, we validated our experimental data with sera of clinically confirmed liver cancer patients.Conclusion:The study suggests that FA2H and A-Raf play a major role in the progression of HCC.
Natural Antimicrobial Agents as an Alternative to Chemical Antimicrobials in the Safety and Preservation of Food Products
Authors: Gomes Joana , Barbosa Joana , Teixeira Paula 
Published: October 2018

Background:Microbiological quality of food is of utmost importance in the food industry, so the use of food additives is essential to reduce microbial loads, which may result in food spoilage and poisoning.Objective:This study aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of three natural compounds – chitosan, ethanolic extract of propolis, and nisin – against 15 Gram-positive bacteria, 15 Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi and, also, to compare it with the antimicrobial activity of the chemical compound sodium nitrite, alone and in combination with sodium chloride.Methods:Antimicrobial activity was tested at different pH values and temperatures of incubation to simulate the presence of the pathogens in different food products and different storage conditions, as well as to determine their influence on the inhibition of microorganisms.Results:Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited at 25 &#181;g/mL of nisin. Concentrations of 10 mg/mL of ethanolic extract of propolis inhibited fungi, most of the Gram-positive and some Gramnegative bacteria, and with concentrations of 0.65% (w/v) of chitosan, it was possible to inhibit most of the tested microorganisms. All the natural compounds tested had greater inhibitory effect against the various microorganisms compared with sodium nitrite alone and in combination with sodium chloride, in the different conditions of pH and temperature.Conclusion:This suggests that natural compounds could be good candidates for use as an alternative to chemical antimicrobials in food safety and preservation.
PEG Acoustic Levitation Treatment for Historic Wood Preservation Investigated by Means of FTIR Spectroscopy and Wavelets
Authors: Caccamo Maria T. , Cannuli Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The combination of Fourier Transform InfraRed and levitation techniques,
both on levitated water mixtures of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG)s and on wood finds, allows to follow
the polymeric drying process as a function of time through the O-H and C-H stretching contributions
and to investigate the wood thermal response.

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to report the FTIR investigations on wood fines, extracted from a
700’ dated wooden crucifix.

Methods:
At first, different acoustically levitated Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) aqueous solutions were
investigated by FTIR in order to characterize the levitation induced dehydration process; then the wood
fines, after having been treated by immerging them into the PEG aqueous solutions, were acoustically
levitated and investigated; finally the treated fines were again studied by IR spectroscopy through a
thermic cycle in the 25 ÷ 350 °C temperature range. Levitation technique furnishes an innovative approach
to sample treatment allowing, in the case of solutions, to obtain highly concentrated mixtures
starting from diluted solutions while, in the case of wood find treatments, to increase the polymer solution
penetration within the wood matrix.

Results:
It clearly emerges that, in the PEG200/PEG600 comparison, the lighter polymer shows a higher
effectiveness in terms of thermal restraint.

Conclusion:
Acoustic levitation, in combination with IR spectroscopy, reveals to be a very powerful
technique in many applications concerning wood preservation and conservation. It clearly emerges that,
in the comparison with PEG600, PEG200 shows a higher effectiveness in terms of thermal restraint.
Pengembangan e-learning berbasis moodle dalam peningkatkan pemahaman lagu pada pembelajaran bahasa inggris
Authors: Irawan Randy , Surjono Herman Dwi 
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk e-learning bahasa Inggris berbasis Moodle yang layak dalam peningkatan listening skill pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggris untuk SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta (2) mengetahui seberapa efektif e-learning berbasis Moodle terhadap listening skill pembelajaran bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah R & D atau research and development menggunakan model Alessi & Trollip melalui tiga langkah berikut: planning, design, dan development. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. Tenik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Produk e-learning dikembangkan dengan sebuah Learning Management System (LMS) online yang dibuat dengan software aplikasi Moodle versi 3.1. (2) Produk e-learning berbasis Moodle telah memenuhi kriteria dan dinyatakan layak sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan validasi ahli media dengan skor 3,70 dengan kriteria “Baik”, berdasarkan validasi ahli materi dengan rerata skor 4,34 dengan kriteria “Sangat baik”, dan berdasarkan respon pengguna dengan skor 4,30 dengan kriteria “Sangat baik”. (3) Hasil belajar siswa kelas X UPW 2 SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta mengalami peningkatan setelah menggunakan e-learning. Keefektifan produk terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Inggris pada kompetensi listening dibuktikan melalui peningkatan hasil belajar yang diketahui dari persentase hasil evaluasi pretest dan posttest yakni sebesar 17,19%.Kata kunci: e-learning, listening, bahasa Inggris DEVELOPING AN E-LEARNING PRODUCT BASED ON MOODLE FOR INCREASING SONG COMPREHENSION IN TEACHING ENGLISHAbstractThis study aims to: (1) produce e-learning based on Moodle English viable in increasing listening skills in Teaching English for SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta (2) determine how effective E-learning based Moodle on listening skills in Teaching English for students class X SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The result are as follows. (1) The E-learning product was developed with a learning management system (LMS) online software applications created with Moodle version 3.1. (2) The e-learning based on Moodle is appropriate as a medium of learning based on the judgement from media experts with the feasibility mean score of 3.70 (good category), judgement from material experts with the feasibility mean score of 4.34 (very good category) and judgement from user with the feasibility mean score of 4.30 (very good category). (3) The learning achievement of class X UPW 2 students of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta increases after the use of the e-learning product. The effectiveness of the product to learning English in listening competence demonstrated through learning outcome is known of the percentage of pretest and posttest evaluation results which amounted to 17.19%.Keywords: e-learning, listening, English