bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A China como Potência Regional: o Caso da Ásia Central
Authors: Duarte Paulo 
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento da China enquanto potência regional, aplicando-o ao caso específico da Ásia Central. O argumento central é o de que Pequim procura forjar laços económicos, políticos e militares com as Repúblicas centro-asiáticas, embora o seu soft-power seja ainda pouco eficaz na região. Além disso, as ambições regionais chinesas são frequentemente encaradas com suspeição pelos países vizinhos centro-asiáticos, que ainda veem na Rússia a grande preferência económica, militar, e cultural, fruto do seu longo passado sociético.Palavras-Chave: Ásia Central, China, potência regional.
Psicología del Lenguaje Diplomático y Político I: el Lenguaje Oral
Authors: Galindo Edgar 
Published: February 2019

Este artículo es un análisis del lenguaje en la diplomacia y la política desde el punto de vista psicológico. Después de una introducción sobre la importancia el lenguaje en la diplomacia, se hace una delimitación del campo, siñalando que será tratado básicamente el lenguage oral, aunque algunas consideraciones son aplicables también al lenguaje escrito. No se pretende analizar la abundante bibliografía existente sobre el tema, sino las aplicaciones de la teoría de los actos del habla (TAH) en la práctica diplomática y política. Se hace un análisis de las maneras de proceder en un intercambio verbal en el que se maneja el lenguaje con objetivos precisos. Se explican las técnicas de reconocimiento de los signos de división social, uso de los pronombres personales para expresar "clusividad", estrategias de conciliación y ""escuchar activamente. Luego se abordan las estrategias de formulación y reformulación (framing y reframing) utilizadas para persuadir al oyente, así como también otras formas de formulación como las técnicas de sugestión y retórica. Se proporcionan numerosos ejemplos tomados de la historia diplomática e política reciente. La conclusión es que la psicología e la psicolingüistica pueden hacer una contribución importante no sólo para explicar las diferentes formas de expresión, sino para enseñar a dominarlas a fin de a resolver situaciones conflictivas.Palabras Clave: Psicología del lenguaje, teoría de los actos del habla, diplomacia, política internacional.
Technical Efficiency Of Smallholders Of Oil Palm Cultivation In Ogan Komering Ilir
Authors: Fariani Armina , Jamhari Jamhari , Suryantini Any 
Published: February 2019

This study aims to (1) identify the factors affecting the production of oil palm cultivation business by the smallholders and (2) identify the technical level as well as factors influencing business inefficiency of oil palm cultivation by the smallholders in Air Sugihan Sub District of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera Province. This research uses the basic method of analytical descriptive method. The data were collected by way of observation and direct interviews in the field guided by a questionnaire. The research location was determined purposively, that is in Pangkalan Damai Village, Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province. Sampling was conducted using non probabilistic sampling method (purposive sampling). The research investigated 79 smallholder farmers of oil palm cultivation in Pangkalan Damai village of Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province. On the basis of the analysis, it is revealed that (1) the factors affecting the increase of palm production were labor, land area, TSP fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, organic fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides which also have an effect on decreasing palm production. (2) Palm plantation business was technically efficient with the average technical level of smallholder palm farmers in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality of 0.86090. Factors that decrease the technical inefficiency in smallholder palm cultivation in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency were farmers’ education level. This information can be used by the goverment to improve technical efficiency through education in the form of counseling and training to increase production.
Entrepreneurship Competence Level of Organic Farmers in Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Pratita Dian Galuh , Irham Irham , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo 
Published: February 2019

Business on organic farming is now growing rapidly. Entrepreneurship competence has an important role in improving the organic business growth. Therefore, the objectives of this study are 1) to determine personal competence level such as self confidence, creative, risk taking, focus on problem solving, interpersonal ability, and readiness to learn, 2) to analyze technical competence level such as input creation skills, increasing production skills, and enhancing quality skills, and 3) to know the management competence levels namely general planning abilities, monitoring and evaluation, networking, customer management and marketing management. This study was conducted in Bantul, Sleman, and Kulon Progo Districts of Yogyakarta Province among organic rice, fruit, and vegetable farmers. A purposive technique was used to select 90 farmers. Normalized Rank Order method is applied to develop the scale, while Entrepreneurship Behavior Index (EBI) is used to assess the personal, technical, and management competence levels. The entrepreneurial dimension competence assumed different scale values from 5.72 to 1.00, with self confidence getting the highest scale. The result showed organic rice, fruit, and vegetable farmers have high in some of competence. Furthermore, it still need to be increased the management, personal, and technical competence among the organic farmers.
ANALISIS DISPARITAS PENDAPATAN ANTAR KABUPATEN/KOTA DI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2008-2013
Authors: Khusna Lailatul 
Published: February 2019

This goals is finding out the level of income disparity among districts / cities in East Java, the determine the influence of the General Allocation Fund, Gross Domestic Product and educated workforce to income disparities among districts / cities in East Java and proving the hypothesis kuznets in EAST java.The analysis technique used is Entropy Theil, multiple linear regression by the method of Random Effects Model (REM) and trend analysis of the economic growth in East Java income disparity as proof Kuznets hypothesis. Research study shows that determinant coefficient (R2) is (0,974), means thet (97,4%), which is income disparities variabel influenced by independent variabel General Allocation Fund (DAU) (X1), Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) (X2) and Educated Workforcelabour (TKTDD) (X3). The results showed the average income disparity districts / cities in East Java is high.
PENGARUH INVESTASI, PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PDRB KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROPINSI BANTEN TAHUN 2010-2014
Authors: Rahman Ahmad Jazuli , Soelistyo Aris , Hadi Syamsul 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of variable investment (domestic and foreign), Government Expenditure, Labor (Labor Force Works) for the Gross Regional Domestic Product in Banten Province. The analysis tool used regression panel data. the test results obtained deteminasi coefficient R ^ 2 for the fixed effect model of 0.9987. This showed that the ability of independent variables in explaining the dependent variable of 99.87%. The results of the research study concluded that Investment, Government Expenditures and Labor was positive and significant impact on the Gross Regional Domestic Product with the results of Statistics 3.55 F more large than F table is 2.38. While the partial test results showed that investment and government expenditure was a significant and positive effect while the labor was negative effect on the Gross Regional Domestic Product.
Lærerikt å forske selv om jeg ”bare” er student! Studentaktiv forskning på barnehagelærerutdanningen
Authors: Skaug Hilde Nancy , Osnes Heid 
Published: February 2019

I denne artikkelen presenteres et eksempel på forskningsbasert utdanning med studentaktiv forskning samt studenters evaluering av å delta i forskning som en integrert del av studiet. Det empiriske grunnlaget består av deskriptive data fra en spørreundersøkelse blant to kull deltidsstudenter ved førskolelærerutdanningen ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus (HiOA) (1). De fleste studier av studentaktiv forskning er gjort på viderekomne studenter.
Vår studie viser at førsteårs bachelorstudenter kan ha utbytte av å delta i forskning, men at mange studenter synes det er vanskelig å tilegne seg forskningslignende ferdigheter innenfor kvantitativ metode.
Note:1. Høsten 2011 ble høgskolene i Oslo og Akershus slått sammen til HiOA. Høsten 2013 ble førskolelærerutdanningen endret til barnehagelærerutdanning. I 2018 fikk HiOA universitetsstatus og fikk navnet OsloMet – storbyuniversitetet.
Safeguarding National Heritage through Conservation of Oral History Collections at Bulawayo National Archives, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhenga-Mugarisanwa Vimbayi Natalie , Dewah Peterson 
Published: February 2019

Â Oral history collections are vital assets that represent national heritage. While transcribed collections are kept in a proper archival repository at the Bulawayo National Archives, the audio-visual collections are kept unprocessed and unprotected in unsuitable housing such as cardboard boxes within the Principal Archivistâ€™s office. Storage conditions are not conducive and therefore, unbearable. The study, therefore, explored issues relating to how national heritage contained in oral history collections can be protected through conservation at the institution. In this regard, the study opted to employ the qualitative research methodology, using the case study research design. The informants were purposively sampled, while data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Questionnaires were administered to the chosen respondents through hand delivery. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews that lasted between 20â€“30 minutes. The Directorâ€™s Annual Reports from 1990 to 2016 were analysed for the study. The findings of the study indicated that the Bulawayo National Archives captures and stores oral history in paper, cassettes, magnetic tape, and digital formats, and according to various subject areas; which include chieftaincy, minority groups, land question, religion and liberation wars. However, the institution does not have a conservation unit nor an Oral Historian in charge of the collections. In this regard, we recommend that the institution sets up a conservation unit to protect oral history collections, and facilitate the restoration of the already damaged and deteriorated oral history collections.Â
Short-term Effects of Manual Therapy in Patients After Surgical Fixation of Ankle and/or Hindfoot Fracture: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Albin Stephanie R. , Koppenhaver Shane L. , Marcus Robin , Dibble Lee , Cornwall Mark , Fritz Julie M. 
Published: February 2019

Background Patients with surgical fixation of ankle and/or hindfoot fractures often experience decreased range of motion and loss of function following surgery and postsurgical immobilization, yet there is minimal evidence to guide care for these patients. Objectives To assess whether manual therapy may provide short-term improvements in range of motion, muscle stiffness, gait, and balance in patients who undergo operative fixation of an ankle and/or hindfoot fracture. Methods In this multisite, double-blind randomized clinical trial, 72 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation of an ankle and/or hindfoot fracture and were receiving physical therapy treatment of exercise and gait training were randomized to receive either impairment-based manual therapy (manual therapy group) or a sham manual therapy treatment of light soft tissue mobilization and proximal tibiofibular joint mobilizations (control group). Participants in both groups received 3 treatment sessions over 7 to 10 days, and outcomes were assessed immediately post intervention. Outcomes included ankle joint range of motion, muscle stiffness, gait characteristics, and balance measures. Group-by-time effects were compared using linear mixed modeling. Results There were no significant differences between the manual therapy and control groups for range of motion, gait, or balance outcomes. There was a significant difference from baseline to the final follow-up in resting gastrocnemius muscle stiffness between the manual therapy and control groups (−47.9 N/m; 95% confidence interval: −86.1, −9.8; P = .01). There was no change in muscle stiffness for the manual therapy group between baseline and final follow-up, whereas muscle stiffness increased in the control group by 6.4%. Conclusion A brief course of manual therapy consisting of 3 treatment sessions over 7 to 10 days did not lead to better short-term improvement than the application of sham manual therapy for most clinical outcomes in patients after ankle and/or hindfoot fracture who were already being treated with exercise and gait training. Our results, however, suggest that manual therapy might decrease aberrant resting muscle stiffness after ankle and/or hindfoot surgical fixation. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(5):310–319. Epub 13 Feb 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8864
Cost-effectiveness and budget effect of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention in Germany from 2018 to 2058
Authors: van de Vijver David A M C , Richter Ann-Kathrin , Boucher Charles A B , Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer Barbara , Kollan Christian , Nichols Brooke E , Spinner Christoph D , Wasem Jürgen , Schewe Knud , Neumann Anja 
Published: February 2019

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention strategy for men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). The high cost of PrEP has until recently been a primary barrier to its use. In 2017, generic PrEP became available, reducing the costs by 90%.

Aim
Our objective was to assess cost-effectiveness and costs of introducing PrEP in Germany.

Methods
We calibrated a deterministic mathematical model to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among MSM in Germany. PrEP was targeted to 30% of high-risk MSM. It was assumed that PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by 85%. Costs were calculated from a healthcare payer perspective using a 40-year time horizon starting in 2018.

Results
PrEP can avert 21,000 infections (interquartile range (IQR): 16,000–27,000) in the short run (after 2 years scale-up and 10 years full implementation). HIV care is predicted to cost EUR 36.2 billion (IQR: 32.4–40.4 billion) over the coming 40 years. PrEP can increase costs by at most EUR 150 million within the first decade after introduction. Ten years after introduction, PrEP can become cost-saving, accumulating to savings of HIV-related costs of EUR 5.1 billion (IQR: 3.5–6.9 billion) after 40 years. In a sensitivity analysis, PrEP remained cost-saving even at a 70% price reduction of antiretroviral drug treatment and a lower effectiveness of PrEP.

Conclusion
Introduction of PrEP in Germany is predicted to result in substantial health benefits because of reductions in HIV infections. Short-term financial investments in providing PrEP will result in substantial cost-savings in the long term.
DYSREGULATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE MECHANISMS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kseneva S. I. , Borodulina E. V. , Trifonova O. Yu. , Udut V. V. 
Published: February 2019

The concept of metabolic syndrome as a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has undergone a number of evolutionary transformations over the past years. Incorporation of autonomic nervous system dysfunction into the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome opens an opportunity for inclusion of a number of clinical entities in the cluster of metabolic syndrome as they mutually affect the course and clinical manifestations of pathologies involved in metabolic syndrome. To confirm this notion, a cross-sectional transverse study of a continuous sample of 158 patients with metabolic syndrome was performed. The study showed that, in the presence of metabolic syndrome, the incidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy reaches 37.5%. A number of features of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with metabolic syndrome were found in the structure of complaints where regurgitation predominated. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated endoscopically negative form of the disease in 38%, and, according to high DeMeester index by daily pH-metry, the alkaline reflux was present in patients in lying position over 25% of time. Young men with metabolic syndrome had high incidence of prostatic enlargement (increased prostate size and volume) as well as high incidence of the IPSS questionnaire score corresponding to the initial manifestations of prostatic hyperplasia in the presence of insulin resistance and normal androgen levels. The study showed that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (along with insulin resistance) was the main converging point in the development of metabolic syndrome. This suggests that cardiac autonomic neuropathy, lower urinary tract symptoms, and gastroesophageal reflux disease may be included in the metabolic syndrome cluster.
IMPACT OF COPING ON MICROSOCIAL RISK FACTORS FOR ADDICTIVE AND MIXED ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN STUDENTS
Authors: Voevodin I. V. 
Published: February 2019

The microsocial factors associated with parent family, reference group, and groupmates affect the development of addictive and mixed anxiety-depressive disorders in students. Students, carriers of each of microsocial risk factors, were characterized by specific motives for psychoactive substance use and specific non-adaptive realizing coping associated with social support modules (26.1%) and prognosis of the stress situation development (21.7%). At the same time, the impact of microsocial risk factors might be weakened by adaptive moderating coping, which manifested in the modules of distraction from the stressful situation (20.6% of cases) and the emotional response to the situation (15.7%). Also, in the realizing and moderating copings, the module of rational assessment of a stressful situation (17.4% of cases for realizing coping and 14.7% for moderating coping) was of value.
THE EFFICACY OF COMBINED NEUROPROTECTION IN MOTOR AND COGNITIVE RECOVERY FOLLOWING THE ACUTE PHASE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Shoboev A. E. , Balkhayev I. M. 
Published: February 2019

The clinical efficacy of combined neuroprotection with citicoline and cortexin in the acute period of ischemic stroke is discussed in the paper. A retrospective analysis of 127 cases with a primary ischemic stroke was carried out. For unbiased evaluation of the severity of the condition, extent of the focal neurological deficit and the assessment of the dynamics in clinical indicators, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was used; the degree of functional recovery was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale; the cognitive status score was measured by the MMSE scale. The obtained data suggest the effectiveness of combined neuroprotection with cortexin and citicoline in the acute period of ischemic stroke in comparison with monotherapy.
PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE PROJECT “LEAN HOSPITAL” IN TOMSK REGION
Authors: Solovyev A. A. , Kopysova N. V. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of satisfaction of the population in the provision of medical services and to observe the changes taking place in this area in connection with the start of the national project “Lean Polyclinic”. The studies were conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey of patients of two medical institutions, namely: the Regional Public Health Institutions “Children’s City Hospital No. 2” and “B. I. Alperovich City Clinical Hospital No. 3”.The material of the study was the responses on paper of the interviewed patients. The average indicators of patient satisfaction with the received medical services were determined by means of statistical calculations. The survey was conducted at the start of the project in May‑July of 2017 and again in October‑December of 2017.Results. The initial survey revealed the presence of such problems as insufficient number of automated workplaces; heavy workload of the doctor when working in the Medical Information System of the Tomsk Region; imperfection of the card filing cabinet; insufficient number of racks for storing outpatient cards, front-office and back-office were located in the same room and did not have a partition, which created noise and interfered with the work of call-center operators; the need to contact the registry to get the outpatient card when the visit was previously assigned; difficult orientation of patients in the clinic; long-term preventive examination of children aged 1 year; mixed flows of healthy and sick patients; and lack of personnel. The repeated survey reflected the changes that occurred in connection with the start of the “Lean Polyclinic” project: the number of detected violations tended to decrease, which indicated the improvement in the quality of services and the improvement in the organization of medical personnel work.Conclusion. Thus, the present study established that the use of lean production technologies contributed to the quality of medical services and it had a beneficial effect on the processes of organizing the work of medical institutions.
AT THE ORIGINS OF URGENT CARDIOLOGY IN TOMSK: YAROSLAV STEPANOVITCH VASILTSEV
Authors: Gribovskiy M. V. , Nekrylov S. A. 
Published: February 2019

The article represents the biography of the famous Tomsk cardiologist Yaroslav Stepanovitch Vasiltsev (1935–2006) and his contribution to the study of heart defects, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and their treatments. The authors give a brief review of his organizational, scientific, medical, and educational activities.