bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential influence of lesion length on fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary lesions between each coronary artery
Authors: Shibutani Hiroki , Fujii Kenichi , Matsumura Koichiro , Otagaki Munemitsu , Morishita Shun , Bando Kazunori , Motohiro Masayuki , Umemura Shigeo , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated whether the influence of lesion length on functional significance is similar between each target artery.BackgroundIn the presence of a similar moderate degree of stenosis, the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is more often <0.80 than in the other arteries.MethodsA total of 221 lesions with intermediate stenosis on coronary angiography that underwent FFR measurement for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia were enrolled. Quantitative coronary angiographic analysis including percent diameter stenosis and lesion length was performed. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was estimated for the best cutoff value as a predictor of FFR value of ≤0.80 for each coronary artery.ResultsAlthough lesion length was similar among the lesions with an FFR >0.80 at different locations, the mean lesion length was significantly longer for lesions in the right coronary artery (RCA) with an FFR ≤0.80 than for those in the LAD and left circumflex artery (13.4 ± 3.4 vs. 8.6 ± 3.1 vs. 12.0 ± 3.7 mm, p < .001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value of lesion length for predicting an FFR ≤0.80 was 10.0 mm in the LAD (0.56 area under the curve [AUC], 48% sensitivity, and 76% specificity), whereas 13.1 mm in the RCA (0.84 AUC, 67% sensitivity, and 93% specificity).ConclusionsThe impact of lesion length on myocardial ischemia is different for each coronary artery. A longer lesion length is required in the RCA than in the LAD to achieve an FFR ≤0.80.
Differences in risk factors and resource utilization for women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and lower extremity peripheral vascular intervention
Authors: Doshi Rajkumar , Patel Krunalkumar , Desai Rupak , Patel Palakkumar , Grines Cindy , Meraj Perwaiz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in risk factors and in‐hospital outcomes for women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI).BackgroundThe clinical impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is well characterized and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is lack of data comparing risk factors and in‐hospital outcomes for PCI and PVI, particularly in women.MethodsOnly female hospitalizations (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent PCI or PVI from 2005 to 2014 were identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases‐Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from the National Inpatient Sample database. Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI) was selected as the primary endpoint of the study. Coprimary endpoint was the cost of hospitalizations associated with PCI or PVI.ResultsOf the 2,461,328 female hospitalizations that were included, 85.6% (N = 2,105,236) underwent PCI and 14.4% (N = 356,092) received PVI. Compared to PCI, PVI hospitalizations were 3.2 years older (p < .001) and consisted of significantly more hospitalizations above 80 years of age (26.5% vs. 18.6%; p < .001). Hospitalizations with CCI ≥3 were significantly higher in the PVI cohort (29.1% vs. 24%; p < .001). CCI in women increased during the study period for both groups. PVI hospitalizations had a significantly longer length of stay (3 days vs. 2 days; p < .001) and cost of hospitalization ($23,610 vs. $20,571; p < .001), compared to PCI. Finally, the mean cost of hospitalizations increased during the study period for PCI and PVI.ConclusionWomen hospitalized for PVI had a greater risk‐profile and resource utilization as demonstrated by the longer length of stay and higher cost compared to PCI.
An unusual shot‐retrograde transthoraco‐abdominal venous bullet embolization
Authors: Salahuddin Salman , Faizal Ali , Koshy Sudeep , Moideen Koya Muneer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 72‐year‐old gentleman was brought to the emergency department, after sustaining an allegedly accidental airgun‐shot injury to the right side of his neck. A chest radiograph and plain CT chest revealed the bullet lodged deeply in the soft tissues of the right side of the neck. He was taken up for an emergency neck exploration for foreign body removal. Peroperatively, the bullet was observed to be lodged in the right internal jugular vein. During the attempt to retrieve the bullet, it inadvertently migrated downstream. An intraoperative fluoroscopy revealed the bullet in the thorax near the level of the diaphragm. A subsequent CT chest revealed an intracardiac location of the bullet in the right atrium, at its junction with the inferior vena cava. When it was decided to attempt a percutaneous endovascular retrieval strategy, fluoroscopic imaging of the chest in the cardiac catheterization lab, revealed that the bullet was no longer in the thorax, and had migrated again, and was found to be located in the left side of the pelvis. A subsequent venogram showed the bullet to be lodged in a tributary of the left external iliac vein. It was then snared percutaneously, through the left femoral vein, and delivered through a venotomy. Vascular bullet embolization is a rare phenomenon, especially, as in this case, a retrograde venous embolization with a transthoraco‐abdominal course. The treatment of bullet embolization, whether surgical or endovascular, depends on the final destination site, symptomatic status and propensity for complications.
Pulmonary artery‐focused contrast echocardiography with supplemental oxygen(PCESO) for echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: Novel use of an old technique
Authors: Malakan Rad Elaheh , Aghaei‐Moghadam Ehsan , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Pouraliakbar Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPulmonary artery‐focused agitated saline contrast echocardiography unveils tricky cases of ALCAPA by the entry of microbubbles into the left coronary artery (LCA) during systole and retrograde flow from LCA into the main pulmonary artery during diastole. Associated pulmonary hypertension, if present, augments the former flow and supplemental oxygen increases the latter.
Calculation of risk costs in construction projects
Authors: Brokbals Stefanie , Wapelhorst Vincent , Čadež Ivan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs early as 1971, Schubert made a first contribution to the consideration of risks during the execution of construction projects. In addition to that, he was first to introduce elements of the risk management process to the construction management literature in Germany. By the use of an empirical study of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost amount by risk occurrence, Schubert made among others a statement about the importance of the risks depending on the amount of the risk costs. In an updated study for building construction projects with construction costs ≤2.5 million € and unit price contracts applying the VOB/B primarily the altered risk evaluations are shown; it needs to be emphasized that the sum of the determined risk costs corresponds to Schubert's results. Furthermore, with a variation of the characteristic attributes (response options) of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost amount by risk occurrence, it can be displayed that the risk costs during the execution of building construction projects are even considerably higher. Additionally, a probabilistic risk cost calculation — applying the Monte Carlo method — is used to reveal the bandwidth of risk costs. It can be pointed out that the risk costs range between 2.71% and 8.67% of the construction costs. The results could serve as a benchmark for contractors during the tender calculation to determine the amount of risk costs depending for example, on the market situation, the company‐specific risk disposition as well as strategic considerations.
Generation and Reaction of Functional Alkyllithiums by Using Microreactors and Their Application to Heterotelechelic Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Yamashita Hiroki , Tsuchihashi Yuta , Hirose Katsuyuki , Takumi Masahiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFlow microreactors enabled the successful generation of various functional alkyllithiums containing electrophilic functional groups, as well as the use of these alkyllithiums in subsequent reactions. The high reactivity of these series of reactions could be achieved by the extremely accurate and selective control of residence time. Moreover, integrated flow microreactor systems could be used to successfully synthesize heterotelechelic polymers with two functionalities, one at each end, via a process involving controlled anionic polymerization initiated by functional alkyllithium compounds, followed by trapping reactions with difunctional electrophiles.
Efficient and Saturated Red Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes with EQE up to 9.4 %
Authors: Yu Guang‐Xiang , Lin Chien‐Hsiang , Liu You‐Xuan , Yi Rong‐Huei , Chen Guan‐Yu , Lu Chin‐Wei , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have several advantages, such as low‐voltage operation, compatibility with inert metal electrodes, large‐area flexible substrates, and simple solution‐processable device architectures. However, most of the studies on saturated red LECs show low or moderate device efficiencies (external quantum efficiency (EQE) <3.3 %). In this work, we demonstrate a series of five red‐emitting cationic iridium complexes (RED1‐‐RED5) with 2,2′‐biquinoline ligands and test their electroluminescence (EL) characteristics in LECs. The Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) 1931 coordinates for the LECs based on these complexes are all beyond the National Television System Committee (NTSC) red standard point (0.67, 0.33). The maximal EQE of the neat‐film RED1‐based LECs reaches 7.4 %. The reddest complex, RED3, is doped in the blue‐emitting host complex, BG, to fabricate host–guest LECs. The maximal EQE of the host–guest LECs (1 wt % complex RED3) reaches 9.4 %, which is among the highest reported for the saturated red LECs.
On the importance of modeling balloon folding, pleating, and stent crimping: An FE study comparing experimental inflation tests
Authors: Geith Markus A. , Swidergal Krzysztof , Hochholdinger Bernd , Schratzenstaller Thomas G. , Wagner Marcus , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFinite element (FE)–based studies of preoperative processes such as folding, pleating, and stent crimping with a comparison with experimental inflation tests are not yet available. Therefore, a novel workflow is presented in which residual stresses of balloon folding and pleating, as well as stent crimping, and the geometries of all contact partners were ultimately implemented in an FE code to simulate stent expansion by using an implicit solver. The numerical results demonstrate that the incorporation of residual stresses and strains experienced during the production step significantly increased the accuracy of the subsequent simulations, especially of the stent expansion model. During the preoperative processes, stresses inside the membrane and the stent material also reached a rather high level. Hence, there can be no presumption that balloon catheters or stents are undamaged before the actual surgery. The implementation of the realistic geometry, in particular the balloon tapers, and the blades of the process devices improved the simulation of the expansion mechanisms, such as dogboning, concave bending, or overexpansion of stent cells. This study shows that implicit solvers are able to precisely simulate the mentioned preoperative processes and the stent expansion procedure without a preceding manipulation of the simulation time or physical mass.
Biomechanical modeling and computer simulation of the brain during neurosurgery
Authors: Miller Karol , Joldes Grand R. , Bourantas George , Warfield Simon K. , Hyde Damon E. , Kikinis Ron , Wittek Adam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComputational biomechanics of the brain for neurosurgery is an emerging area of research recently gaining in importance and practical applications. This review paper presents the contributions of the Intelligent Systems for Medicine Laboratory and its collaborators to this field, discussing the modeling approaches adopted and the methods developed for obtaining the numerical solutions. We adopt a physics‐based modeling approach and describe the brain deformation in mechanical terms (such as displacements, strains, and stresses), which can be computed using a biomechanical model, by solving a continuum mechanics problem. We present our modeling approaches related to geometry creation, boundary conditions, loading, and material properties. From the point of view of solution methods, we advocate the use of fully nonlinear modeling approaches, capable of capturing very large deformations and nonlinear material behavior. We discuss finite element and meshless domain discretization, the use of the total Lagrangian formulation of continuum mechanics, and explicit time integration for solving both time‐accurate and steady‐state problems. We present the methods developed for handling contacts and for warping 3D medical images using the results of our simulations. We present two examples to showcase these methods: brain shift estimation for image registration and brain deformation computation for neuronavigation in epilepsy treatment.
Intersubject and Intrasubject Variability of Potential Plasma and Urine Metabolite and Protein Biomarkers in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Duisters Kevin , Ogino Shinji , Andou Tomohiro , Ito Kazumi , Akabane Takafumi , Harms Amy , Moerland Matthijs , Hashimoto Yuka , Ando Ayumi , Ohtsu Yoshiaki , Wada Naoya , Yukinaga Hideo , Meulman Jacqueline , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Nobuhiro , Suzumura Kenichi , Hankemeier Thomas 
Published: August 2019

A limited understanding of intersubject and intrasubject variability hampers effective biomarker translation from in vitro/in vivo studies to clinical trials and clinical decision support. Specifically, variability of biomolecule concentration can play an important role in interpretation, power analysis, and sampling time designation. In the present study, a wide range of 749 plasma metabolites, 62 urine biogenic amines, and 1,263 plasma proteins were analyzed in 10 healthy male volunteers measured repeatedly during 12 hours under tightly controlled conditions. Three variability components in relative concentration data are determined using linear mixed models: between (intersubject), time (intrasubject), and noise (intrasubject). Biomolecules such as 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoate, platelet‐derived growth factor C, and cathepsin D with low noise potentially detect changing conditions within a person. If also the between component is low, biomolecules can easier differentiate conditions between persons, for example cathepsin D, CD27 antigen, and prolylglycine. Variability over time does not necessarily inhibit translatability, but requires choosing sampling times carefully.
Repeated cross‐fostering affects maternal behavior and olfactory preferences in rat pups
Authors: Dulor Finkler Andrea , Espinoza Pardo Grace Violeta , Bolten Lucion Aldo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDisturbances in early mother–infant relationships are strongly associated with changes in the development of a number of physiological and behavioral systems in the neonate that can create a complex change in patterns of vulnerability throughout life. Institutionalized children, despite receiving adequate care, display important behavioral changes in adult life, and such changes are strongly associated with a lack of selective and consistent attachment to the maternal figure in early life. It is not yet clear how human adoption processes alter the mother–infant relationship early in life. Here, to mimic the situation of human adoption and explore the impact on the formation of attachment between the infant and a caregiver, we use a repeated cross‐fostering (RCF) model in rodents in two postnatal periods, postnatal days (PND) 1 to 3 (early RCF) and 9 to 11 (late RCF). Early exposure but not late exposure to RCF reduces the pups' preference for the odor of the mother figure. Moreover, early exposure and slightly later exposure to RCF reduce maternal care and motivation in collecting the pups and bringing them to the nest. The RCF protocol creates an unstable environment for mother–pup interaction, but it seems to affect learned attachment to the mother only when it occurs during the corresponding sensitive period of development.
Inter‐rhombomeric interactions reveal roles for fibroblast growth factors signaling in segmental regulation of EphA4 expression
Authors: Cambronero Francisco , Ariza‐McNaughton Linda , Wiedemann Leanne M. , Krumlauf Robb 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe basic ground plan of vertebrate hindbrain is established through a process of segmentation, which generates eight transient lineage‐restricted cellular compartments called rhombomeres (r). The segments adopt distinct individual identities in response to axial patterning signals. It is unclear whether signaling between rhombomeres plays a conserved role in regulating segmental patterning during hindbrain development.ResultsUsing tissue manipulations of rhombomeres in chicken embryos, we have uncovered roles for r2 and r4 in regulating the expression of EphA4 in r3 and r5. Perturbations of signaling pathways reveal that these regulatory inputs from r2 and r4 into EphA4 expression are mediated independent of inputs from Krox20 through cues involving fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. These interactions are stage dependent and are set up in embryos with <10 somites.ConclusionsWe show that r2 and r4 function as temporally dynamic signaling centers in the early patterning of adjacent hindbrain segments and this activity is dependent upon the FGF pathway. These results reveal that inter‐rhombomeric signaling is a conserved feature of the regulatory networks that control the specification of individual rhombomere identities in vertebrate hindbrain segmentation. However, the timing of when restricted domains of FGF signaling are coupled to formation of r4 may vary between the species.
Effects of forest management on vertebrates: synthesizing two decades of data from hardwood forests in Missouri,USA
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Renken Rochelle B. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Porneluzi Paul A. , Wolf Alexander J. , Fantz Debby K. , Gitzen Robert A. , Faaborg John , Timm Shelby R. , Ehlers Shannon , Buchanan Megan L. , Haslerig Janet M. , George Andrew D. , Rota Christopher T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractModern forest management seeks to balance multiple social, economic, and ecological goals. Different management approaches create different types of disturbances in a forest ecosystem and thus also differ in their impacts on plants, animals, and insects. Understanding these impacts is important for conservation of forest ecosystem function, but challenging due to the large spatial and temporal scale over which management occurs. Most past research has focused on relatively small areas, short time scales, and/or a small number of species. To address this, we examined the effects of two common silvicultural systems (even and uneven aged) on abundance and richness of three vertebrate taxa (birds, small mammals, and herpetofauna) over a two‐decade period in a temperate hardwood forest in Missouri,USA. The two systems removed a similar amount of biomass overall, but differed in the intensity, number, and configuration of harvests applied. We found that vertebrate population responses varied by taxa, occurred at multiple spatial scales, and were concentrated in the period following the first harvest entry. Birds generally had the largest changes in relative abundance, both positive and negative, following management. Small mammals and reptiles had smaller, but generally positive, responses; amphibians were mixed. Bird species tended to respond in the same way to both silvicultural systems, while small mammals and herpetofauna did not respond consistently. Thus, for birds, the total amount of harvest disturbance across the landscape drives population responses, while for others the size and configuration of individual harvests is likely more important. Synthesizing results across the vertebrate community at large spatial and temporal scales allows managers to better understand trade‐offs when making decisions that will affect wildlife in contrasting ways.
An effective method for ecosystem‐scale manipulation of bird abundance and species richness
Authors: Wood Chelsea L. , Summerside Margaret , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManipulation experiments are a cornerstone of ecological research, but can be logistically challenging to execute—particularly when they are intended to isolate the ecological role of large, vagile species, like birds. Despite indirect evidence that birds are influential in many ecosystems, large‐scale, multi‐year bird manipulation experiments are rare. When these studies are conducted, they are typically realized with caged or netted exclosures, an approach that can be expensive, risky for wildlife, and difficult to maintain. In cases where caged exclosures are not appropriate, alternate approaches are needed to allow rigorous empirical studies on the ecological role of birds. Here, we present and validate a method for experimentally increasing the abundance and richness of birds at the scale of entire aquatic ecosystems. Unlike bird exclusion, this approach is experimentally tractable, appealing to land managers, and possible to deploy over large spatial scales. We tested the efficacy of our approach for increasing bird abundance and species richness at 16 central California ponds. Based on bird visitation data obtained by summer camera trapping, our approach significantly increased bird species richness and abundance at manipulated ponds compared to control ponds. Attractant treatments mitigated the negative effects of a major drought on bird species richness and generated a near doubling of bird abundance in the presence of attractants. Treatments had no effect on most mammal species, with the exception of ground squirrels, which increased in abundance in the presence of attractants. These results suggest that attractants are effective in increasing bird abundance and richness. We encourage researchers to consider this approach for experimentally isolating the ecological role of birds in aquatic and open terrestrial ecosystems, especially in cases where cost or logistical constraints preclude the use of caged or netted exclosures.
Emerging role of cardiac computed tomography in heart failure
Authors: Aziz Waqar , Claridge Simon , Ntalas Ioannis , Gould Justin , de Vecchi Adelaide , Razeghi Orod , Toth Daniel , Mountney Peter , Preston Rebecca , Rinaldi Christopher A. , Razavi Reza , Niederer Steven , Rajani Ronak 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite medical advancements, the prognosis of patients with heart failure remains poor. While echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging remain at the forefront of diagnosing and monitoring patients with heart failure, cardiac computed tomography (CT) has largely been considered to have a limited role. With the advancements in scanner design, technology, and computer processing power, cardiac CT is now emerging as a valuable adjunct to clinicians managing patients with heart failure. In the current manuscript, we review the current applications of cardiac CT to patients with heart failure and also the emerging areas of research where its clinical utility is likely to extend into the realm of treatment, procedural planning, and advanced heart failure therapy implementation.