bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Gentile Damiano , Riva Pietro , Da Roit Anna , Basato Silvia , Marano Salvatore , Castoro Carlo 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY
Gastric conduit used for reconstruction after esophagectomy for cancer has the potential to develop a metachronous neoplasm known as gastric tube cancer (GTC). The aim of this study was to review literature and evaluate outcomes and possible treatment strategies for GTC. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials. No restriction was set for the type of publication, number, age, or sex of the patients. The search was limited to articles in English. Characteristics of esophageal cancer (EC) and its treatment and GTC and its treatment were analyzed. A total of 28 studies were analyzed, 12 retrospective analyses and 16 case reports, involving 229 patients with 250 GTCs in total. The majority of ECs (88.2%) were squamous cell carcinomas. In 120 patients (52.4%) a posterior mediastinal reconstructive route was used when esophagectomy was performed. The mean interval between esophagectomy and diagnosis of GTC was 55.8 months, with a median interval of 56.8 months (4–236 months). One hundred and twenty-four GTCs (49.6%) were located in the lower part of the gastric tube. One hundred and forty patients were endoscopically treated. Eighty-five patients underwent surgery. Thirty-six total gastrectomies with lymphadenectomy with colon or jejunal interposition were performed. Forty-three subtotal gastrectomies and 6 wedge resections were performed. The main reported postoperative complications were anastomotic leak, vocal cord palsy, and respiratory failure. Twenty-five patients were treated with palliative chemotherapy. Three-year survival rates were 69.3% for endoscopically treated patients, 58.8% for surgically resected patients, and 4% for patients who underwent palliative treatment. The feasibility of endoscopic resections in patients diagnosed with superficial GTC has been reported. Surgical treatment represented the preferred treatment method in operable patients with locally invasive tumor. Patients treated with conservative therapy have a scarce prognosis. The development of GTC should be taken into consideration during the extended follow-up of patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. Total gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy should be considered the preferred treatment modality in operable patients with locally invasive tumor, when endoscopy is contraindicated. Long-term yearly endoscopic follow-up is recommended.
Perianal Abscesses in Infants Are Not Associated With Crohn’s Disease in a Surgical Cohort
Authors: Roskam Mariëlle , de Meij Tim , Gemke Reinoud , Bakx Roel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to search for an association between infantile perianal abscesses and [development of] Crohn’s disease in a surgical population of children.

Methods
Patients who were surgically treated in the Amsterdam UMC between January 2000 and December 2014 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data collected include: sex, date of birth, underlying conditions, age of onset, additional symptoms, pus cultures, endoscopic examination, histological examination, magnetic resonance imaging, faecal calprotectin levels, antibiotic treatment, surgical treatment strategy, and number of recurrences. Follow-up data were gathered from medical records and by contacting the patients and/or parents or the general practitioner.

Results
The study consisted of 62 patients of whom 60 were boys. Median age was 5 months [range 0–17 months]; 92% were under 1 year of age at diagnosis. A minority of patients had accompanying symptoms. In total, 72 abscesses were treated, 19 fistulas and 23 abscesses with fistula-in-ano. Follow-up data of 46 patients [74%] were available; none of the patients developed Crohn’s disease.

Conclusions
We found no association between isolated perianal abscesses as presenting symptom in early childhood and [development of] Crohn's disease. In young infants with isolated perianal disease, risk for inflammatory bowel disease seems low. In this specific population there seems no place for routine performance of endoscopic investigations. One should always take the risk of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease into account. Further research with a larger cohort of children and a longer follow-up time is required.
Determining Potential Hosts of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Louisiana Agroecoscape
Authors: de Souza Monique F , Davis Jeffrey A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is known worldwide for its injury to sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, M. sacchari is reported to infest several plants in the family Poaceae, including important agronomic crops. It is not clear how M. sacchari interacts with other crops in the Louisiana agroecoscape but there is potential for these plants to be bridging hosts prior to sorghum colonization. Thus, this study determined the population dynamics of M. sacchari on sugarcane, sorghum, rice (Oryza sativa L.), sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.), maize (Zea mays L.), Johnsongrass (S. halepense L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using life table studies. Melanaphis sacchari was able to complete its life cycle on sorghum, sugarcane, rice, and wheat, having the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on sorghum (0.466). Population growth was negative on rice (rm = −0.020) and intermediately positive on sugarcane and Johnsongrass. The results demonstrate that there is the potential for multiple host use within the agricultural landscape. Using the information collected from this study, population estimations on host plants demonstrate that M. sacchari populations will increase more rapidly on sorghum than on the other host plants.
A giant fibrinoid pericardial mass in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report
Authors: Cañas Felipe , Lopez Ponce de León Juan David , Gomez Juan Esteban , Cañas Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, which may extend to extra-articular organs. Extra-articular manifestations have been considered as prognostic features in RA, and pericardial disease is one of the most frequent occurrences. Rheumatoid arthritis pericarditis is usually asymptomatic and is frequently found on echocardiography as pericardial thickening with or without mild effusion. Severe and symptomatic cases are rare, but pericardial masses are even rarer. We report a patient with erosive, nodular seropositive RA, and progressive functional deterioration owing to a giant pericardial mass compressing the right cardiac chambers.

Case summary
The patient was a 79-year-old man. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pericardial lesion measuring 10 × 9 × 6 cm with complex structures in its interior, which had compressive effects on the right atrium and right ventricle, severely limiting diastole. Late gadolinium enhancement of the lesion walls and pericardium suggested pericarditis. Surgical resection was performed, and a soft mass with liquid content was extracted. The patient recovered well with improvements in symptoms and the functional status. Histopathological studies ruled out neoplasm, vasculitis, and infection, and the entire mass showed fibrinoid material associated with fibrinoid pericarditis.

Discussion
Symptomatic RA pericarditis is a rare cardiac manifestation of RA, whilst associated significant haemodynamic compromise is even rarer. The condition could manifest with a giant compressive pericardial mass composed of fibrinous material, with particular involvement of the right ventricle. Exclusion of other conditions, such as neoplasms and infections, is necessary.
The gains from economic integration*
Authors: Comerford David , Rodríguez Mora José V 
Published: May 2019

Summary
This paper measures the effect of political integration, such as sharing a national state or economic union, on the degree of trade integration. Consistently with previous work, we find large border effects. However, such estimates may be biased and overestimate the effects of borders because of endogeneity: selection into sharing a political space is correlated with affinities for trade. We propose a method to address this and we produce estimates which are closer to the causal effect. We then conduct speculative exercises showing the costs and benefits of the changing levels of integration associated with: the independence of Scotland, Catalonia and the Basque Country from the United Kingdom and Spain [but remaining within the European Union (EU)]; the United Kingdom’s exit from the EU; the break-up of the EU itself and closer integration within the EU so that its internal borders appear similar to the internal borders of individual countries (as opposed to its current state of being simply a closely integrated group of countries). We find that the border effect between countries is an order of magnitude larger than the border effect associated with the EU.
Association between regional body fat and cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Arthur Rhonda , Iyengar Neil M , Kamensky Victor , Xue Xiaonan , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Allison Matthew A , Shadyab Aladdin H , Wild Robert A , Sun Yangbo , Banack Hailey R , Chai Jin Choul , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Manson JoAnn E , Stefanick Marcia L , Dannenberg Andrew J , Rohan Thomas E , Qi Qibin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
Central adiposity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, even among people with normal body mass index (BMI). We tested the hypothesis that regional body fat deposits (trunk or leg fat) are associated with altered risk of CVD among postmenopausal women with normal BMI.

Methods and results
We included 2683 postmenopausal women with normal BMI (18.5 to &lt;25 kg/m2) who participated in the Women’s Health Initiative and had no known CVD at baseline. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Incident CVD events including coronary heart disease and stroke were ascertained through February 2017. During a median 17.9 years of follow-up, 291 incident CVD cases occurred. After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors, neither whole-body fat mass nor fat percentage was associated with CVD risk. Higher percent trunk fat was associated with increased risk of CVD [highest vs. lowest quartile hazard ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.74; P-trend &lt;0.001], whereas higher percent leg fat was associated with decreased risk of CVD (highest vs. lowest quartile HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89; P-trend = 0.008). The association for trunk fat was attenuated yet remained significant after further adjustment for waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. Higher percent trunk fat combined with lower percent leg fat was associated with particularly high risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme groups = 3.33, 95% CI 1.46–7.62).

Conclusion
Among postmenopausal women with normal BMI, both elevated trunk fat and reduced leg fat are associated with increased risk of CVD.
Does Cognitive Impairment Influence Visual-Somatosensory Integration and Mobility in Older Adults?
Authors: Mahoney Jeannette R , Verghese Joe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in visual-somatosensory (VS) integration are linked to poor mobility. Given that sensory, motor, and cognitive processes rely on overlapping neural circuitry that are compromised in dementia and pre-dementia stages like mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we hypothesize that cognitive impairment will be associated with reduced VS integration, which will, in turn, impact the relation between VS integration and mobility.MethodsA total of 345 older adults (mean age 76.88 ± 6.45 years; 52% female) participated in the current study. Cognitive impairment was defined as presence of MCI or dementia. Magnitude of VS integration was quantified using probability models. All participants completed assessments of general cognition (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; RBANS), quantitative gait, and balance (unipedal stance).ResultsThe magnitude of VS integration was lower in the 40 individuals with MCI (p = .02) and 12 with dementia (p = .04), relative to the 293 individuals without cognitive impairment. In fully adjusted models, magnitude of VS integration was only a strong predictor of performance on attention-based tests of the RBANS (β = 0.161; p &lt; .01), regardless of cognitive status. Results from mediation analyses, however, reveal that cognitive impairment causes variation in magnitude of VS integration, which in turn causes variation in unipedal stance 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.265, −0.002) and spatial aspects of gait 95% CI (−0.087, −0.001).ConclusionsCognitive impairment influences multisensory integration, which adversely impacts balance and gait performance in aging. Future studies should aim to uncover the precise neural circuitry involved in multisensory, cognitive, and mobility processes.
Self-Rated Health by Sexual Orientation Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Canada
Authors: Sivakumaran Gajan , Margolis Rachel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This article examines patterns of self-rated physical and mental health by sexual orientation among middle-aged and older adults in Canada, a rapidly growing subpopulation shown to be at risk of poor health.

Method
We use the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2015–2016) to estimate logit models predicting fair/poor self-rated physical and mental health by sexual orientation among middle-aged and older adults, stratifying by sex and age group.

Results
We find no differences in physical health for gay men and lesbian women compared with their heterosexual counterparts. However, middle-aged gay men are disadvantaged in terms of mental health, but not women. Bisexual women are disadvantaged in terms of physical health, and for mental health in some model specifications. Respondents who did not know their sexual orientation have poorer health across some measures of health and age groups.

Discussion
Our findings add to the paucity of research on older sexual minorities in Canada. They highlight the importance of separating out sexual minority groups because bisexual women have distinct health profiles. In addition, this is the first study to examine the health of respondents who “do not know” their sexual orientation, and future research should distinguish between different explanations for their poor health.
Countering a climate of instability: the future of relative stability under the Common Fisheries Policy
Authors: Harte Michael , Tiller Rachel , Kailis George , Burden Merrick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
European fisheries are at a critical juncture. The confluence of political change and environmental change, along with the challenges of past Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reforms such as the landing obligation, creates a once in a generation opportunity for a paradigm shift in fisheries management in the region. This paper sets out a series of arguments for why the status quo situation for the governance of European Union fisheries, especially for shared Northeast Atlantic fisheries is very likely unsustainable under these new circumstances. At stake is confidence in, and support for the management of the regions shared fisheries, the economic viability of fisheries and sustainability of stocks. Brexit is an additional incentive to unlock the potential of existing, but little used mechanisms within the CFP to allow the reimagining of fisheries management and governance in the Northeast Atlantic. Three of these tools and mechanisms are (i) Quota swapping, (ii) Article 16 quota uplift provisions, (iii) and Article 15 flexibility mechanisms. These mechanisms can be adopted by individual Member States for fleets in their waters or in the case of quota swapping be applied across Member States and may help stabilize fisheries under these stressors.
Effective Divisors in the Projectivized Hodge Bundle
Authors: Gheorghita Iulia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We compute the class of the closure of the locus of canonical divisors in the projectivization of the Hodge bundle ${\mathbb{P}}\overline{{\mathcal{H}}}_g$ over $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_g$, which have a zero at a Weierstrass point. We also show that the strata of canonical and bicanonical divisors with a double zero span extremal rays of the respective pseudoeffective cones.
Lagrangian Pairs of Pants
Authors: Matessi Diego 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe construct a Lagrangian submanifold, inside the cotangent bundle of a real torus, which we call a Lagrangian pair of pants. It is given as the graph of an exact one form on the real blowup of a Lagrangian coamoeba. Lagrangian pairs of pants are the main building blocks in a construction of smooth Lagrangian submanifolds of $( {\mathbb{C}}^*)^n$ that lift tropical subvarieties in $\mathbb R^n$. As an example we explain how to lift tropical curves in $ {\mathbb{R}}^2$ to Lagrangian submanifolds of $( {\mathbb{C}}^*)^2$. We also give several new examples of Lagrangian submanifolds inside toric varieties, some of which are monotone.
Standardized total tract digestibility of calcium varies among sources of calcium carbonate, but not among sources of dicalcium phosphate, but microbial phytase increases calcium digestibility in calcium carbonate1
Authors: Lee Su A , Lagos L Vanessa , Walk Carrie L , Stein Hans H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and the response to microbial phytase is constant among different sources of Ca carbonate and that the STTD of Ca is constant among different sources of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) when fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 pigs (initial BW: 19.0 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly allotted to 10 diets and 2 blocks with 4 pigs per diet in each block. Four sources of Ca carbonate were used, and each source was included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Two Ca-free diets without or with microbial phytase were also formulated. Feed allowance was 2.7 times the maintenance energy requirement for ME and daily feed allotments were divided into 2 equal meals. The initial 4 d of each period were considered the adaptation period to the diets followed by 4 d of fecal collection using the marker-to-marker procedure. Pigs fed diets containing exogenous phytase had lower (P < 0.05) basal endogenous loss of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing no phytase. There were no interactions between phytase and source of Ca carbonate. Values for STTD of Ca were greater (P < 0.05) for diets containing microbial phytase (77.3% to 85.4%) compared with diets without exogenous phytase (70.6% to 75.2%), and values for STTD of Ca differed (P < 0.05) among the 4 sources of Ca carbonate. In Exp. 2, 40 pigs (initial BW: 14.9 ± 1.3 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. A basal diet in which all Ca was supplied by Ca carbonate was formulated. Three diets were formulated by adding 3 sources of DCP to the basal diet and a Ca-free diet was also used. Feeding and collection methods were as described for Exp. 1. Results indicated that values for STTD of Ca and ATTD of P were not different among diets, indicating that under the conditions of this experiment, the digestibility of Ca and P in DCP appears to be constant regardless of origin of DCP. In conclusion, use of microbial phytase reduces the basal endogenous loss of Ca and increases Ca digestibility in Ca carbonate. The STTD of Ca varies among sources of Ca carbonate, regardless of phytase inclusion, but that appears not to be the case for the STTD of Ca in different sources of DCP.
Justice in the Absence of the Accused
Authors: Wheeler Caleb H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Since the inception of the International Criminal Court, representatives of its various constituent parts have repeatedly emphasized the role the Court must play in vindicating the rights of atrocity crime victims. It is commonly thought that one of the best ways to achieve this goal is to ensure that trials are conducted against those individuals who are accused of committing crimes falling under the Court’s jurisdiction. There is also growing sentiment that trials should be held regardless of whether the accused is present. In particular, the Assembly of States Parties added Rules 134bis, 134ter and 134quater, all of which allow some portion of trial to take place in the absence of the accused. This article will examine whether the rights of the victims are adequately upheld by a trial held without the full participation of the accused. To do this, it will identify those goals victims hope a trial will accomplish and analyse whether they can be fulfilled in the absence of the accused. In particular, it will consider whether the victims’ interests in the truth-telling function of trial, and their need to see that justice has been done, can be met if the trial is held in the accused’s absence. The article also evaluates whether the benefits that victims might derive from such a trial are sufficient to outweigh the accompanying limitations trials in absentia have on the rights of the accused. This article will conclude that trials conducted without the accused being present do not meet all of the needs of victims and therefore those needs should not act as justification to limit the accused’s right to be present.
Open forensic science*
Authors: Chin Jason M , Ribeiro Gianni , Rairden Alicia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The mainstream sciences are experiencing a revolution of methodology. This revolution was inspired, in part, by the realization that a surprising number of findings in the bioscientific literature could not be replicated or reproduced by independent laboratories. In response, scientific norms and practices are rapidly moving towards openness. These reforms promise many enhancements to the scientific process, notably improved efficiency and reliability of findings. Changes are also underway in the forensic. After years of legal-scientific criticism and several reports from peak scientific bodies, efforts are underway to establish the validity of several forensic practices and ensure forensic scientists perform and present their work in a scientifically valid way.
In this article, the authors suggest that open science reforms are distinctively suited to addressing the problems faced by forensic science. Openness comports with legal and criminal justice values, helping ensure expert forensic evidence is more reliable and susceptible to rational evaluation by the trier of fact. In short, open forensic science allows parties in legal proceedings to understand and assess the strength of the case against them, resulting in fairer outcomes. Moreover, several emerging open science initiatives allow for speedier and more collaborative research.