bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antnet: A Robust Routing Algorithm for Data Networks
Authors: Ahmad Faris Ismail, Lai W.K. Shariq Haseeb Khairul Azami Sidek , Mei Aw Yit 
Published: October 2018

Successful implementation and operation of a network largely depends on the routing algorithm in use. To date, several routing algorithms are in use but the problem with these algorithms is that they are either not adaptive or not robust enough, thus limiting the proper use of bandwidth. AntNet is an innovative algorithm that may be used for data networks. It is a combination of both static and dynamic routing algorithms. In this algorithm, a group of mobile agents (compared to real ants) form paths between source and destination nodes. They explore the network continuously and exchange obtained information indirectly, in order to update the routing tables at different nodes. Our version of AntNet (hereinafter referred to as AntNet2.0) has been improved to overcome the problems with other algorithms. This paper compares the performance of AntNet2.0 against two other commercially popular algorithms, viz. link state routing algorithm and distant vector routing algorithm. The performance matrix used to compare the algorithms is based on average throughput, packet loss, packet drop and end-to-end delay. Convergence time for this algorithm on a nation-wide telecommunications network will also be discussed. Conclusions and areas of further work will also be presented in lucid manner, so that it may be transformed into real practice in the future.Key Words: mobile agents, swarm intelligence, networks and constant bit rate
The Effect of Catalyst Support on the Decomposition of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohamed Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein 
Published: October 2018

Decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen over Cu/Ni supported catalysts was investigated. The catalytic activities and the lifetimes of the catalysts were studied. Cu/Ni supported on TiO2 showed high activity and long lifetime for the reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed the relationship between the catalyst activity and the formation of the filamentous carbon over the catalyst after methane decomposition. While different types of filamentous carbon formed on the various Cu/Ni supported catalysts, an attractive carbon nanotubes was observed in the Cu/Ni supported on TiO2. Key Words: Methane decomposition, carbon nanotube, Cu/Ni supported catalysts.
Academic freedom: an ultra-modern principle with old roots
Authors: Bennich-Bjorkman Li 
Published: October 2018

There is a growing incapacity to understand the major institutional principle that made the research university into such a revolutionary success, firstly in Prussia and in Germany, later in the United States: academic freedom. Far from being a simple formula to be carried out without afterthought, academic freedom is a value, a practical instrument and a legal principle that has to be understood in relation to creativity. In this article, academic freedom and its importance for creativity in research (and teaching) is analyzed from three fundamental vantage points, firstly in terms of what academic freedom is, secondly how it works in practice and thirdly by looking at why academic freedom is so crucial to creativity. It concludes by reflecting on why it is that while the research universities that have worked under the principles of academic freedom have been extremely successful, those who today develop research policies and even university leaders are striving to dismantle the one precondition that makes all the difference, namely academic freedom.
Philosophy at the Technical University: Justification, Legitimation, Apology
Authors: Kolotylo Mariana 
Published: October 2018

The article is an attempt to research a place of philosophy in technical Universities. Based on the historical analysis of the features of formation and development of science in the era of Modern age the author reveals the backgrounds and reasons of the loss of methodological potential by philosophy in the structure of higher technical education. It is noted that the implementation process of humanization of contemporary educational and scientific space determined by objective laws of social and cultural development at the end of the last century actualizes the necessity of teaching philosophical disciplines in higher technical education. Based on the statement of transhistorical connection between the university as an institution that aims to provide students with a comprehensive training and philosophy as a universal type of knowledge, the author underlines the significance of philosophyin the moral and cultural education and professional development of contemporary engineers. It is analyzed two key dimensions of philosophy in the structure of present-day university education such as personal and critical. These dimensions promote universal competence of future professionals and methodology that focuses on the humanistic dimension of science and allows them to identify actual problems of natural and technical sciences. Research of the future ways of philosophy implication to educational and scientific activities of technical universities gave an opportunity to state the need for their comprehensive reorganization of the contents of different types of educational and scientific activities towards the study of the world view and methodological dimensions of contemporary scientific and technological development. Particular attention is paid to the potential of philosophy in the development of communicative abilities, and the importance of working out of original philosophical texts in the context of becoming the critical thinking of students and their value orientations.
Anatomical Reconstruction of Finger Flexors in Scary FibroOsseous Canals
Authors: Chernyakova Yu. M. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Healing of finger flexor tendons after reconstructive operations takes place under the conditions of scary changes in fibro-osseous canals. Determining factor for the functional outcome is the intensity of commissural process around the flexor tendon. The problem of conventional treatment is the impossibility to ensure the ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the scar zone with simultaneous formation of smooth canal wall.Patients and methods. Eighty six patients with 94 finger flexor tendon injuries along the fibroosseous canals were operated on. Eighteen operations with primary delayed deep flexor tendon suture, 8 operations with repeated suture and 7 operations of tendon tenolysis after primary suture were supplemented with the proposed method of temporary isolation of the reconstructed tendon within a dissected polymeric tube. The tube isolates the tendon from blood clots, forms the smooth canal wall.Results.Finger function was assessed in 6 and 12 months. After operations supplemented by temporary isolation of the tendon within the polymeric tubes excellent and good results were achieved at shorter terms, no tenolysis was required and one-step tenoplasty could be performed instead of two-step reconstruction.
Mathematic Modelling of Stress in Healthy Knee Joint and After Arthroplastywith Different Typesof Endoprostheses
Authors: Smetanin S. M. , Kavalerskiy G. M. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of study. To study stressed-deformed state of the healthy knee joint and after arthroplasty using endoprostheses with either preservation or substitution of the posterior cruciate ligament by the method of numerical mathematical modelling.Materials and methods.Peculiarities of stress distribution in bones were determined on three mathematical models - healthy knee joint and joint after arthroplasty using endoprostheses with either preservation or substitution of the posterior cruciate ligament at the set load (80 kg) in straightened leg and either 45° or 90° knee flexion.Results. In healthy knee joint with a straightened leg the stress in the tibia is 2.3 times higher than in the femur. With knee flexion the stress in bone tissue increases and this increase is more intensive in the femur. After arthroplasty using endoprosthesis with substitution of the posterior cruciate ligament the stress in the tibia and femur is higher at all flexion angles as compared to arthroplasty using endoprosthesis with posterior cruciate ligament preservationConclusion.The obtained data may be used for mathematical substantiation of the advantage of endoprosthesis with preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament and in complex with the data of national and international registers will enable to optimize the treatment tactics in patients to whom knee arthroplasty is indicated.
Potentialities of Diffusion Weighted MRI in the Assessment of the Degree of Adjacent Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Rigid Lumbosacral Stabilization and Total Intervertebral Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Byval’tsev V. A. , Stepanov I. A. , Pestryakov Yu. Ya. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the condition of adjacent intervertebral discs (IVD) after single level rigid lumbosacral stabilization and total arthroplasty by calculating IVD height index and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Patients and methods. The study included 117 patients (64 women and 53 men) after rigid lumbosacral stabilization or total arthroplasty of the degenerative IVD at L5–S1 level. Values of ADC and height of the adjacent IVD were assessed prior to surgery, at discharge and in 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgical intervention.Results. The value of the height of the adjacent IVD in patients after rigid stabilization in the early postoperative period averaged 0.58±0.046, in 6 months – 0.58±0.044 and 0.52±0.037 in 36 months after surgery. In patients after total arthroplasty it made up 0.59±0.041, 0.60±0.038 and 0.56±0.02, respectively. Comparison of the adjacent IVD height indices showed significant difference starting from the 12th observation months (p<0.05). In group of patients after rigid stabilization the value of ADC made up 1547.7±231.4 mm2/s in the early postoperative period, 1314.5±117.9 mm2/s in 6 months and 1189.3±117.9 mm2/s in 36 months after surgery. In patients after total arthroplasty it was 1539.7±228.9 mm2/s, 1477.3±245.1 mm2/s and 1334.5±217.6 mm2/s, respectively. Statistically significant difference in ADC values between 2 groups of patients was noted in 6 months after surgery and later (p<0.05).Conclusion. Diffusion weighted MRI with ADC calculation is a modern noninvasive diagnostic method for early stages of adjacent IVD degeneration. In contrast to rigid lumbosacral stabilization, total IVD arthroplasty enables to delay slightly the degeneration of segments adjacent to the operated level.
SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR NON-TUMOROUS DISEASES OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL REGION
Authors: Kuleshov A. A. , Shkarubo A. N. , Gromov I. S. , Vetrile M. S. , Lisyanskiy I. N. , Makarov S. N. , Chernov I. V. , Mitrofanova E. V. , Ponomarenko G. P. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment for the non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region.Patients and Methods. Forty five patients aged 4 – 63 years (mean age 27 years) with non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region were operated on. Either one- or two-step surgical interventions for spinal cord decompression were performed. Early and long term results were evaluated by Frankel, JAO and River scales. In 5 cases the assessment of volumetric craniovertebral interrelationships (VCVI).Results.Good results were obtained in 43 (96%) patients at terms from 1 to 15 years. In 1 patient with mucopolysaccharidoses the aggravation of neurologic symptoms was observed and in 1 case a fatal outcome occurred. VCVI analysis showed a significant improvement of liquor dynamics right up to its normalization in the zone of decompression.Conclusion.Treatment of craniovertebral region diseases requires a differential approach. When necessary to eliminate ventral spinal cord compression it is expedient to perform either transoral or endoscopic transnasal decompression, or transoral spinal cord (myelencephalon) decompression with anterior stabilization by custom-made device (plate).
ESTABLISHING SCENARIOS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT IN UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Scherbachenko O. 
Published: October 2018

Modern fire extinguishing systems and legal acts on their developing has been analyzed. Expediency of fire extinguishing systems developing projects within united territorial communities has been proved and a method allowing development the scenario of fire extinguishing systems improving has been developed.The proposed method provides system execution of eight interconnected stages, that gives an opportunity to figure on variable configuration of project environment, to form a set of possible scenarios and to choose the most effective one. Specific tools should be used to implement each of the stages of proposed method. The tools should be based on developing of conceptual models of fire extinguishing systems in existing and desirable states, imitation model of fire extinguishing systems functioning and also on using iteration models, objects configuration identification and price evaluation.
INTERACTION BETWEEN AIR-FILLED FOAM JETS OF DIFFERENT EXPANSION RATIOS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Kovalyshyn V. V. , Kyryliv Ya. B. , Grushovinchuk O. V. 
Published: October 2018

Using of low expansion foam for transportation of medium expansion foam was experimentally checked. The results showed that the throwing range of the combined jet is more than 18 m. The influence of the supply pressure of the water-foam mixture for the formation of air-filled foam of optimum multiplicity in foam generators was also investigated. The effect of synergism during the extingushing fires of flammable and combustible liquids was revealed. This effect was observed after interaction between burning-surface area and combined foam. The average expansion value of the combined foam was calculated (the value was more than 54).
Hipertensi dan Faktor Risikonya di Puskesmas Motolohu Kabupaten Pohuwato
Authors: Arda Zul Adhayani , Ali Rifa’i , Mustapa Marselina 
Published: October 2018

Based on WHO (World Health Organization) in 2011, hypertension was causing 8billion of the world citizen pass away every year in which almost 1.5 billion of them were in south east of Asia. The purpose of study was to determine the risk factors associated with hypertension in Pohuwato District in 2017. The study was an observational analytic with case control design. The sample of study was 202 respondents which divided into 101 case group and 101 control group in the w orkarea of Puskesmas Motolohu in Pohuwato District. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) test. The study result showed that occupation (OR=2.71;95% CI; 1.45-5.05), gender (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), smoking behavior (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), hypertension history (OR=6.13; 95% CI; 3.04-12.36), and consumption of coffee (OR=3.20; 95% CI; 1.64-6.25) were significant risk factors for occurance of hypertension. It is recomended to counseled as a means of disseminating information about risk factors and effect of hypertensionto the public.
Asteroseismology of KIC 8263801: Is It a Member of NGC 6866 and a Red Clump Star?
Authors: Tang Yanke , Basu Sarbani , Davies Guy R. , Bellinger Earl P. , Gai Ning 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present an asteroseismic analysis of the Kepler light curve of KIC 8263801, a red-giant star in the open cluster NGC 6866 that has previously been reported to be a helium-burning red-clump (RC) star. We extracted the frequencies of the radial and quadrupole modes from its frequency power spectrum and determined its properties using a grid of evolutionary models constructed with MESA. The oscillation frequencies were calculated using the GYRE code and the surface term was corrected using the Ball & Gizon prescription. We find that the star has a mass of M/M
⊙ = 1.793 ± 0.072, age t = 1.48 ± 0.21 Gyr, and radius R/R
⊙ = 10.53 ± 0.28. By analyzing the internal structure of the best-fitting model, we infer the evolutionary status of the star KIC 8263801 as being on the ascending part of the red-giant branch, and not on the RC. This result is verified using a purely asteroseismic diagnostic, the ϵ

c
− Δν

c
diagram which can distinguish red-giant branch stars from red-clump stars. Finally, by comparing its age with NGC 6866 (t = 0.65 ± 0.1 Gyr), we conclude that KIC 8263801 is not a member of this open cluster.
Evidence for the Photoionization Absorption Edge in a Photospheric Radius Expansion X-Ray Burst from GRS 1747–312 in Terzan 6
Authors: Li Zhaosheng , Suleimanov Valery F. , Poutanen Juri , Salmi Tuomo , Falanga Maurizio , Nättilä Joonas , Xu Renxin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Thermonuclear X-ray bursts on the surface of neutron stars (NSs) can enrich the photosphere with metals, which may imprint photoionization edges on the burst spectra. We report here the discovery of absorption edges in the spectra of the type I X-ray burst from the NS low-mass X-ray binary GRS 1747−312 in Terzan 6 during observations by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We find that the edge energy evolves from 9.45 ± 0.51 to ∼6 keV and then back to 9.44 ± 0.40 keV during the photospheric radius expansion phase and remains at 8.06 ± 0.66 keV in the cooling tail. The photoionization absorption edges of hydrogen-like Ni, Fe, or an Fe/Ni mixture and the bound–bound transitions of metals may be responsible for the observed spectral features. The ratio of the measured absorption edge energy in the cooling tail to the laboratory value of the hydrogen-like Ni(Fe) edge energy allows us to estimate the gravitational redshift factor 1 + z = 1.34 ± 0.11(1 + z = 1.15 ± 0.09). The evolution of the spectral parameters during the cooling tail are well described by metal-rich atmosphere models. The combined constraints on the NS mass and radius from the direct cooling method and the tidal deformability strongly suggest very high atmospheric abundance of the iron group elements and limit the distance to the source to 11 ± 1 kpc.
CLASP Constraints on the Magnetization and Geometrical Complexity of the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region
Authors: Trujillo Bueno J. , Štěpán J. , Belluzzi L. , Ramos A. Asensio , Sainz R. Manso , Alemán T. del Pino , Casini R. , Ishikawa R. , Kano R. , Winebarger A. , Auchère F. , Narukage N. , Kobayashi K. , Bando T. , Katsukawa Y. , Kubo M. , Ishikawa S. , Giono G. , Hara H. , Suematsu Y. , Shimizu T. , Sakao T. , Tsuneta S. , Ichimoto K. , Cirtain J. , Champey P. , Pontieu B. De , Carlsson M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) is a suborbital rocket experiment that on 2015 September 3 measured the linear polarization produced by scattering processes in the hydrogen Lyα line of the solar disk radiation. The line-center photons of this spectral line radiation mostly stem from the chromosphere-corona transition region (TR). These unprecedented spectropolarimetric observations revealed an interesting surprise, namely that there is practically no center-to-limb variation (CLV) in the Q/I line-center signals. Using an analytical model, we first show that the geometric complexity of the corrugated surface that delineates the TR has a crucial impact on the CLV of the Q/I and U/I line-center signals. Second, we introduce a statistical description of the solar atmosphere based on a 3D model derived from a state-of-the-art radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation. Each realization of the statistical ensemble is a 3D model characterized by a given degree of magnetization and corrugation of the TR, and for each such realization we solve the full 3D radiative transfer problem taking into account the impact of the CLASP instrument degradation on the calculated polarization signals. Finally, we apply the statistical inference method presented in a previous paper to show that the TR of the 3D model that produces the best agreement with the CLASP observations has a relatively weak magnetic field and a relatively high degree of corrugation. We emphasize that a suitable way to validate or refute numerical models of the upper solar chromosphere is by confronting calculations and observations of the scattering polarization in ultraviolet lines sensitive to the Hanle effect.
NuStar View of the Central Region of the Perseus Cluster
Authors: Rani B. , Madejski G. M. , Mushotzky R. F. , Reynolds C. , Hodgson J. A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Located at the center of the Perseus cluster, 3C 84 is an extremely bright and nearby radio galaxy. Because of the strong diffuse thermal emission from the cluster in X-rays, the detailed properties and the origin of a power-law component from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) remains unclear in the source. We report here the first NuSTAR observations of 3C 84. The source was observed for 24.2 and 32 ks on 2018 February 1 and 4, respectively. NuSTAR observations spectrally decompose the power-law AGN component above 10 keV. The power-law component dominates the spectrum above 20 keV with a photon index ∼1.9 and an energy flux F
20–30 keV = 1.0 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1, corresponding to an isotropic luminosity, L
20–30 keV = 7.4 × 1042 erg s−1. We discuss possible emitting sites for the power-law component. The expected thermal emission from the accretion disk is not hot enough to account for the hard X-rays detected from the source. Similar X-ray and γ-ray photon indices and long-term flux variations, the absence of cutoff energy in the hard X-ray spectrum of the source, correlated hard X-ray flux and hardness ratio variations, and the similarity of optical-X-ray slope to blazar rather than Seyfert galaxies supports the hard X-ray power-law component originating from the jet.
Assessment of biosafety measures in clinical laboratories of Al-Madinah city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khabour Omar Falah , Al Ali Khalil H. , Aljuhani Jamal N. , Alrashedi Mousa A. , Alharbe Fuaad H. , Sanyowr Ahmed 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Workers in clinical laboratories are exposed to occupational hazards on a daily basis and their health and safety may be threatened if appropriate protective standards are not implemented. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of clinical laboratory workers towards biosafety measures, in Al-Madinah city, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: Clinical laboratory staff was recruited from both the public and private sectors. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to achieve the aim of the study.
Results: A total of 208 workers participated in the study (64% were males, 57% were from the public sector and 71% held a BSc degree). About 68% of the workers were trained in laboratory safety. The majority (> 80%) followed guidelines for disposing medical wastes, decontamination of sample spills, and use of protective lab coats, gloves, etc. However, among participants, 24.2% used to eat, drink or use gum, 18.3% used cosmetics and 24.6% used the mobile phone in the lab. About 18.4% reported that they continued working with a finger cut, whereas 67% reported that they used to recap needles after blood withdrawal. These unacceptable behaviors were associated with lack of lab safety training (P < 0.05), biology degree holders (P < 0.05), and low experience (3 years and less, P < 0.01). With respect to facilities, most of the laboratories complied with standard safety measures.
Conclusion: The majority of the sample showed good laboratory practices with respect to safety measures. However, some behaviors are not accepted and need interventions