bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural neurobiology and the family: Evidence from the daily lives of Latino adolescents
Authors: Doane Leah D. , Sladek Michael R. , Breitenstein Reagan S. , Park Hyejung , Castro Saul A. , Kennedy Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCulturally linked family influences during adolescence are important predictors of health and well-being for Latino youth, yet few studies have examined whether these familial influences are associated with indicators of typical physiological stress processes. Following a cultural neurobiology framework, we examined the role of family in the everyday lives of Latino adolescents (N = 209; Mage = 18.10; 85.1% Mexican descent; 64.4% female) by investigating familism values and perceptions of parent support as well as daily family assistance behaviors in relation to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis diurnal patterns, indexed by salivary cortisol five times a day for 3 weekdays. Three-level growth curve analyses revealed that perceptions of parental support were associated with greater cortisol awakening responses, whereas familism values were not associated with diurnal cortisol patterns. In day-to-day analyses, assisting family during the day (compared to not assisting family) was associated with lower waking cortisol levels and flatter diurnal slopes the next day. Our findings highlight the dynamic associations and multiple time courses between cultural values and behaviors, daily experiences, and physiological stress processes for Latino adolescents. Further, we identified important cultural risk and promotive factors associated with physiological regulation in daily life and potential pathways toward health outcomes in adulthood.
Community participation in primary care: willingness to participate, a web survey in the Netherlands
Authors: Kroneman Madelon , van Erp Kim , Groenewegen Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to explore to what extent members of the community are willing to participate in the way their primary care practice is organized and which characteristics of people and community are associated with this willingness.BackgroundCommunity participation in primary care refers to involvement of community members in the organization, governance and policy making of primary care facilities. Due to demographic changes and changes in the role of patients and the community concerning health care, it becomes important to include the social environment of patients into healthcare. Community participation may help GPs to improving their practice and providing care according to the needs of the population. Interpreted this way, it may be an important contributor to quality of care.MethodsIn 2016, a web questionnaire was send to 800 members of the Dutch Health Care Consumer Panel. The response rate was 34%. Willingness to participate was divided into perceived readiness, ability and time to participate. The data were analysed using frequency tables and linear regression analysis.FindingsHalf of the participants were ready to give their opinion on primary care and one-third reported willingness to participate in decision making. Participants were less optimistic about their ability to participate and the time they have available for participation. Readiness and perceived ability were mainly determined by the importance that the respondents attributed to participation. Participants with previous experience in volunteering appeared more willing to spend time on participation.ConclusionsThis study showed that half of the respondents are willing to participate, but they are less sure about their ability to do so and that finding time to participate is seen as problematic. Future research should focus on which characteristics influence willingness. This knowledge might help primary care facilities to recruit people more easily and successfully.
Examining Intrinsic Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions in South Asia Through Multiple Satellite Observations
Authors: Pan Zengxin , Mao Feiyue , Wang Wei , Logan Timothy , Hong Jia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChanges in anthropogenic aerosol loading affect cloud albedo and the Earth's radiative balance with a low level of scientific understanding. Aerosol‐cloud interaction and its effects on climate are mainly evaluated using passive observations in a global scale. Here this study estimated the intrinsic response of clouds to aerosols by combining active and passive satellite observations from July 2006 to February 2011 in South Asia. We evaluate the average radiative forcing by the intrinsic aerosol‐cloud interaction for warm liquid clouds as 0.63 ± 0.19, −0.34 ± 0.40, and 1.11 ± 0.08 W/m2 during the annual, monsoon, and nonmonsoon periods in South Asia, respectively. Relationships derived among liquid water path, cloud droplet number concentration, and consequent cloud albedo are assessed as a function of aerosol concentration. The intensity of the aerosol‐cloud interaction gradually weakens with increasing cloud base height above ground level in South Asia, is associated with aerosol vertical distribution and vertical atmospheric upward motion. Moreover, distinct regional and seasonal variations in the aerosol‐cloud interaction are observed for liquid water path, cloud droplet number concentration, and the resulting cloud albedo in South Asia. These variations are associated with water vapor and aerosol absorption levels. Results contribute to the understanding and modeling of aerosol‐cloud interactions and determining their effects on radiative forcing and climate in South Asia.
Incorporation of Portable Infrared Spectral Imaging Into Planetary Geological Field Work: Analog Studies at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, and Potrillo Volcanic Field, New Mexico
Authors: Ito Gen , Rogers A. Deanne , Young Kelsey E. , Bleacher Jacob E. , Edwards Christopher S. , Hinrichs John , Honniball Casey I. , Lucey Paul G. , Piquero Daniel , Wolfe Byron , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring geological work for future planetary missions, portable/hand‐held infrared spectral imaging instruments have the potential to significantly benefit science objectives. We assess how ground‐based infrared spectral imaging can be incorporated into geological field work in a planetary setting through a series of field campaigns at two analog sites: Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, and Potrillo Volcanic Field, New Mexico. For this study, we utilize thermal infrared emission spectroscopy (8–13 μm) because this wavelength range is sensitive to major silicate spectral features and covers the terrestrial atmospheric window; however, our conclusions are applicable to other forms of infrared imaging (e.g., near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy). We demonstrate the ways in which spectral imaging could potentially enhance the science return and/or efficiency of traditional geological field work. Benefits include the following: documentation of major compositional variations within scenes, the ability to detect visually subtle and/or concealed variability in (sub) units, and the ability to characterize remote and/or inaccessible outcrops. These advantages could help field workers rapidly document sample context and develop strategic work plans. Furthermore, ground‐based imaging provides a critical link between orbital/aerial imaging scales and sampling scales. Last, infrared spectral imaging data may be combined with in situ measurement techniques, such as X‐ray fluorescence, as well as other ground‐based remote sensing techniques, such as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), to maximize geological understanding of the work area.
Formation of Rifts in Central Tibet: Insight From P Wave Radial Anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Yunyue Elita , Zhao Dapeng , Zhao Junmeng , Liu Hongbing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe strikes of rifts in western Tibet show NNW‐SSE trending, whereas the rifts in eastern Tibet strike in the NNE‐SSW direction. The difference in the rift strike orientation suggests that the formation mechanisms of these rifts are different in southern Tibet, which can be most reliably inferred from seismic structure beneath these rifts. In this work we study 3‐D P wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy using a large number of travel time data recorded by the ANTILOPE and Hi‐CLIMB portable seismic arrays deployed in central Tibet. Our results show that to the west of the Pumuqu Xianza rift, a low‐velocity zone with a positive radial anisotropy exists beneath the Lopu Kangri rift (~85°E), which may reflect melt‐filled cracks. A high‐velocity zone with a negative radial anisotropy is revealed beneath the Pumuqu Xianza rift (~88°E), which reflects lithospheric downwelling. The different upper mantle structures may result in the patterns of rift strike orientation in central Tibet.
Soil Temperature Dynamics Modulate N2O Flux Response to Multiple Nitrogen Additions in an Alpine Steppe
Authors: Peng Yunfeng , Wang Guanqin , Li Fei , Zhou Guoying , Yang Guibiao , Fang Kai , Liu Li , Qin Shuqi , Zhang Dianye , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEmissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) contribute to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Anthropogenic N2O emissions predominately result from the addition of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers to terrestrial ecosystems. Usually, an exponential increase in N2O emissions occurs as N addition rates increase to exceed plant demands. However, most evidence to date is from temperate areas, with little information available for alpine ecosystems. Here we examined the changes in N2O flux under eight N addition levels and the mechanisms regulating these changes in a Tibetan alpine steppe. Our results showed that N2O emission rate increased linearly with increasing N additions. Even when soil N availability exceeded plant N uptake, no sharp N2O emissions were observed. The likely explanation was that decreased soil temperature limited the growth of nitrification‐related microorganisms, mainly ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, which further attenuated the positive response of N2O emissions to excess N supply. These findings suggest that the N‐induced changes in soil temperature regulate the growth of nitrifying microorganisms and the subsequent N2O fluxes in this alpine steppe, and the exponential N2O emission‐N rate relationship observed in warm regions may not be simply extrapolated to alpine ecosystems.
Combined impacts of deforestation and wildlife trade on tropical biodiversity are severely underestimated
Authors: Symes William S. , Edwards David P. , Miettinen Jukka , Rheindt Frank E. , Carrasco L. Roman 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTropical forest diversity is simultaneously threatened by habitat loss and exploitation for wildlife trade. Quantitative conservation assessments have previously considered these threats separately, yet their impacts frequently act together. We integrate forest extent maps in 2000 and 2015 with a method of quantifying exploitation pressure based upon a species’ commercial value and forest accessibility. We do so for 308 forest-dependent bird species, of which 77 are commercially traded, in the Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot of Sundaland. We find 89% (274) of species experienced average habitat losses of 16% and estimate exploitation led to mean population declines of 37%. Assessing the combined impacts of deforestation and exploitation indicates the average losses of exploited species are much higher (54%), nearly doubling the regionally endemic species (from 27 to 51) threatened with extinction that should be IUCN Red Listed. Combined assessment of major threats is vital to accurately quantify biodiversity loss.
Rich spatio-temporal stimulus dynamics unveil sensory specialization in cortical area S2
Authors: Goldin Matías A. , Harrell Evan R. , Estebanez Luc , Shulz Daniel E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTactile perception in rodents depends on simultaneous, multi-whisker contacts with objects. Although it is known that neurons in secondary somatosensory cortex (wS2) respond to individual deflections of many whiskers, wS2′s precise function remains unknown. The convergence of information from multiple whiskers into wS2 neurons suggests that they are good candidates for integrating multi-whisker information. Here, we apply stimulation patterns with rich dynamics simultaneously to 24 macro-vibrissae of rats while recording large populations of single neurons. Varying inter-whisker correlations without changing single whisker statistics, we observe pronounced supra-linear multi-whisker integration. Using novel analysis methods, we show that continuous multi-whisker movements contribute to the firing of wS2 neurons over long temporal windows, facilitating spatio-temporal integration. In contrast, primary cortex (wS1) neurons encode fine features of whisker movements on precise temporal scales. These results provide the first description of wS2′s representation during multi-whisker stimulation and outline its specialized role in parallel to wS1 tactile processing.
Quasicrystal nucleation and ℤ module twin growth in an intermetallic glass-forming system
Authors: Hornfeck Wolfgang , Kobold Raphael , Kolbe Matthias , Conrad Matthias , Herlach Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile quasicrystals possess long-range orientational order they lack translation periodicity. Considerable advancements in the elucidation of their structures and formative principles contrast with comparatively uncharted interrelations, as studies bridging the spatial scales from atoms to the macroscale are scarce. Here, we report on the homogeneous nucleation of a single quasicrystalline seed from the undercooled melt of glass-forming NiZr and its continuous growth into a tenfold twinned dendritic microstructure. Observing a series of crystallization events on electrostatically levitated NiZr confirms homogeneous nucleation. Mapping the microstructure with electron backscatter diffraction suggests a unique, distortion-free structure merging a common structure type of binary alloys with a spiral growth mechanism resembling phyllotaxis. A general geometric description, relating all atomic loci, observed by atomic resolution electron microscopy, to a pentagonal $${\Bbb Z}$$
Z
module, explains how the seed’s decagonal long-range orientational order is conserved throughout the symmetry breaking steps of twinning and dendritic growth.
Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa disperse the biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria
Authors: Wood Thammajun L. , Gong Ting , Zhu Lei , Miller James , Miller Daniel S. , Yin Bei , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiofilm formation is an important problem for many industries. Desulfovibrio vulgaris is the representative sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) which causes metal corrosion in oil wells and drilling equipment, and the corrosion is related to its biofilm formation. Biofilms are extremely difficult to remove since the cells are cemented in a polymer matrix. In an effort to eliminate SRB biofilms, we examined the ability of supernatants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 to disperse SRB biofilms. We found that the P. aeruginosa supernatants dispersed more than 98% of the biofilm. To determine the biochemical basis of this SRB biofilm dispersal, we examined a series of P. aeruginosa mutants and found that mutants rhlA, rhlB, rhlI, and rhlR, defective in rhamnolipids production, had significantly reduced levels of SRB biofilm dispersal. Corroborating these results, purified rhamnolipids dispersed SRB biofilms, and rhamnolipids were detected in the P. aeruginosa supernatants. Hence, P. aeruginosa supernatants disperse SRB biofilms via rhamnolipids. To determine the genetic basis of how the P. aeruginosa supernatants disperse SRB biofilms, a whole transcriptomic analysis was conducted (RNA-seq); based on this analysis, we identified four proteins (DVUA0018, DVUA0034, DVUA0066, and DVUA0084) of the D. vulgaris megaplasmid that influence biofilm formation, with production of DVUA0066 (a putative phospholipase) reducing biofilm formation 5.6-fold. In addition, the supernatants of P. aeruginosa dispersed the SRB biofilms more readily than protease in M9 glucose minimum medium and were also effective against biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Membrane-based technologies for post-treatment of anaerobic effluents
Authors: Rongwong Wichitpan , Lee Jaewoo , Goh Kunli , Karahan H. Enis , Bae Tae-Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnaerobic digestion-based processes for converting wastewater into clean water and energy are attracting ever-growing industrial interest. However, apart from the microbial digestion step, current technologies require further progress from an integrated process point of view, including post-treatment steps. Anaerobic effluents normally undergo extensive post-treatment steps to meet stringent discharge standards, while valuable nutrients are rarely recovered. Additionally, a significant portion of the produced methane remains inevitably dissolved in the effluent, which is eventually released into the environment, causing economic loss and global warming concerns. To address these issues, several membrane-based technologies show significant promise. Here, we review current progress in membrane-based recovery of dissolved methane and nutrients, highlighting opportunities where membrane-based technologies can improve the post-treatment of anaerobic effluents. Lastly, we also share our perspectives for promising research directions and how to secure the competitiveness of membrane-based technologies for anaerobic wastewater treatment processes, focusing on current challenges for membrane development, biofouling mitigation strategies, and small-scale to large-scale implementation.
Fabry-Perot cavity resonance enabling highly polarization-sensitive double-layer gold grating
Authors: Hwang Jehwan , Oh Boram , Kim Yeongho , Silva Sinhara , Kim Jun Oh , Czaplewski David A. , Ryu Jong Eun , Kim Eun Kyu , Urbas Augustine , Zhou Jiangfeng , Ku Zahyun , Lee Sang Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present experimental and theoretical investigations on the polarization properties of a single- and a double-layer gold (Au) grating, serving as a wire grid polarizer. Two layers of Au gratings form a cavity that effectively modulates the transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light. Theoretical calculations based on a transfer matrix method reveals that the double-layer Au grating structure creates an optical cavity exhibiting Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance modes. As compared to a single-layer grating, the FP cavity resonance modes of the double-layer grating significantly enhance the transmission of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode, while suppressing the transmission of the transverse electric (TE) mode. As a result, the extinction ratio of TM to TE transmission for the double-layer grating structure is improved by a factor of approximately 8 in the mid-wave infrared region of 3.4–6 μm. Furthermore, excellent infrared imagery is obtained with over a 600% increase in the ratio of the TM-output voltage (Vθ = 0°) to TE-output voltage (Vθ = 90°). This double-layer Au grating structure has great potential for use in polarimetric imaging applications due to its superior ability to resolve linear polarization signatures.
The relationship between transgenerational acquired resistance and global DNA methylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Stassen Joost H. M. , López Ana , Jain Ritushree , Pascual-Pardo David , Luna Estrella , Smith Lisa M. , Ton Jurriaan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProgeny of heavily diseased plants develop transgenerational acquired resistance (TAR). In Arabidopsis, TAR can be transmitted over one stress-free generation. Although DNA methylation has been implicated in the regulation of TAR, the relationship between TAR and global DNA methylation remains unknown. Here, we characterised the methylome of TAR-expressing Arabidopsis at different generations after disease exposure. Global clustering of cytosine methylation revealed TAR-related patterns in the F3 generation, but not in the F1 generation. The majority of differentially methylated positions (DMPs) occurred at CG context in gene bodies. TAR in F3 progeny after one initial generation of disease, followed by two stress-free generations, was lower than TAR in F3 progeny after three successive generations of disease. This difference in TAR effectiveness was proportional to the intensity of differential methylation at a sub-set of cytosine positions. Comparison of TAR-related DMPs with previously characterised cytosine methylation in mutation accumulation lines revealed that ancestral disease stress preferentially acts on methylation-labile cytosine positions, but also extends to methylation-stable positions. Thus, the TAR-related impact of ancestral disease extends beyond stochastic variation in DNA methylation. Our study has shown that the Arabidopsis epigenome responds globally to disease in previous generations and we discuss its contribution to TAR.
Glycerophosphatidylcholine PC(36:1) absence and 3′-phosphoadenylate (pAp) accumulation are hallmarks of the human glioma metabolome
Authors: Li Wenchen , Jia Hongmei , Li Qi , Cui Jiayue , Li Ri , Zou Zhongmei , Hong Xinyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlioma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor. A comprehensive analysis of the glioma metabolome is still lacking. This study aims to explore new special metabolites in glioma tissues. A non-targeted human glioma metabolomics was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The gene expressions of 18 enzymes associated with 3’-phosphoadenylate (pAp) metabolism was examined by qRT-PCR. Those enzymes cover the primary metabolic pathway of pAp. We identified 15 new metabolites (13 lipids and 2 nucleotides) that were significantly different between the glioma and control tissues. Glycerophosphatidylcholine [PC(36:1)] content was high and pAp content was significantly low in the control brain (p  < 0.01). In glioma tissues, PC(36:1) was not detected and pAp content was significantly increased. The gene expressions of 3′-nucleotidases (Inositol monophosphatase (IMPAD-1) and 3′(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1(BPNT-1)) were dramatically down-regulated. Meanwhile, the gene expression of 8 sulfotransferases (SULT), 2 phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate synthases (PAPSS-1 and PAPSS-2) and L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopante-theinyl transferase (AASDHPPT) were up-regulated. PC(36:1) absence and pAp accumulation are the most noticeable metabolic aberration in glioma. The dramatic down-regulation of IMPAD-1 and BPNT-1 are the primary cause for pAp dramatic accumulation. Our findings suggest that differential metabolites discovered in glioma could be used as potentially novel therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers and that abnormal metabolism of lipids and nucleotides play roles in the pathogenesis of glioma.
The effect of pulsed current on the shear deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Guofeng , Hou Hongliang , Zhang Yanling , Wang Yaoqi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPulse current-assisted forming is a new technology to improve the plastic deformability of titanium alloy. In this work, Shearing tests of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were conducted using hat-shaped specimens under pulsed current (electroplastic shearing) and constant temperature (isothermal shearing). The actual deformation in shear zone of electroplastic shearing was larger than that of isothermal shearing. The shear load is also decreased by the pulsed current. Microstructure variation in the shear zone was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. An evident straight shear band was observed in the electroplastic shearing specimens. The deformation model of shear zone was established. Intracrystalline deformation was markedly easier for the grains with the pulsed current and induced larger deformation of the grains along the shear direction. Microcracks were observed in the shear zone of isothermal shearing, but none were found in the shear zone of electroplastic shearing. Evident crack healing was found in the crack tip of the shear zone of electroplastic shearing.