bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming disciplinary divides in higher education: the case of agricultural economics
Authors: Ng Desmond , Litzenberg Kerry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs global problems have become ever more complex, the production and organization of knowledge in society is increasingly based on the sharing, integration and collaboration of diverse experiences. For instance, global ‘grand challenges’, such as world hunger, poverty, climate change, and sustainability often require an interdisciplinary (ID) approach, in which integrating the insights of different disciplines provides a more comprehensive solution than can be offered by any given discipline. Universities or higher educational institutions face increasing pressures to engage in such interdisciplinary collaboration. This interdisciplinarity, however, raises particular organizational challenges to departments in higher educational institutions. In particular, while departments have been traditionally organized around a disciplinary core, interdisciplinarity has placed increasing pressures on departments, such as agricultural economics, to integrate insights from disciplines that do not advance a department’s disciplinary core. Few ID researchers have addressed the issue of how this internal conflict can be resolved in a departmental setting. Resolving this internal conflict is important to developing a greater interdisciplinarity among the disciplines of departmental units where a greater variety of disciplinary insights can be drawn upon to solve complex social problems. Here, we call for a unique organizational structure that can resolve this internal conflict. In using agricultural economics departments as a case study, we appeal to a concept of a “gatekeeper” whose role is to institute “loosely coupled” connections that can reconcile a department’s internal conflicts. This “gatekeeper” can advance the “normal science” of a department’s core and peripheral disciplines, while at the same time support a ‘common ground’ that appeals to these disciplines’ common interests. A key conclusion is that “gatekeepers” can sustain the integration of disciplinary insights necessary for the advancement of interdisciplinarity in higher educational institutions.
Genomic and molecular characterization of preterm birth
Authors: Knijnenburg Theo A. , Vockley Joseph G. , Chambwe Nyasha , Gibbs David L. , Humphries Crystal , Huddleston Kathi C. , Klein Elisabeth , Kothiyal Prachi , Tasseff Ryan , Dhankani Varsha , Bodian Dale L. , Wong Wendy S. W. , Glusman Gustavo , Mauldin Denise E. , Miller Michael , Slagel Joseph , Elasady Summer , Roach Jared C. , Kramer Roger , Leinonen Kalle , Linthorst Jasper , Baveja Rajiv , Baker Robin , Solomon Benjamin D. , Eley Greg , Iyer Ramaswamy K. , Maxwell George L. , Bernard Brady , Shmulevich Ilya , Hood Leroy , Niederhuber John E. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Preterm birth (PTB) complications are the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in children. The genetic and molecular characteristics of PTB and related disorders remain unclear. In this study, a family-based cohort of 791 family trios, including 270 PTB and 521 control families, was investigated by using whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and DNA methylation data. Integrative analysis identified 160 genomic variants associated with PTB-related phenotypes and led to the discovery of 72 candidate biomarker genes for very early PTB (VEPTB). The genes associated with VEPTB involve growth signaling and inflammation- and immunity-related pathways. With these data, and by stratifying PTB by subphenotype, we have identified PTB genes and pathways that can be used as a starting point in further clinical studies.
Identifying spinon excitations from dynamic structure factor of spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the Kagome lattice
Authors: Zhu W. , Gong Shou-shu , Sheng D. N. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
In frustrated quantum magnets, the interplay between quantum fluctuation and geometric frustration may prevent magnetic ordering and result in exotic quantum spin liquids, where the spin degrees of freedom form disordered liquid-like states with novel fractionalized excitations. Here, we study the dynamical response of spin liquids on a Kagome lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Our results reproduce the main observations in the inelastic neutron scattering measurements of herbertsmithite and unveil the spin liquid nature of the ground state with fractionalized spinon excitations. By crossing the quantum-phase transition between the spin liquid and magnetically ordered phase, we identify the condensation of two-spinon bound state as the driving force.
Mapping cultural tightness and its links to innovation, urbanization, and happiness across 31 provinces in China
Authors: Chua Roy Y. J. , Huang Kenneth G. , Jin Mengzi 
Published: March 2019

Significance
This study extends existing theories of cultural tightness by mapping cultural tightness and its relationship to innovation across 31 provinces in China. Consistent with prior research, we find that tighter provinces are associated with increased governmental control, constraints in daily life, religious practices, and exposure to threats. However, prior findings about cultural tightness do not fully apply to China. Departing from prior findings that tighter states are more rural, conservative, less creative, and less happy, cultural tightness in China is associated with urbanization; economic growth; better health; greater happiness; tolerance toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community; and gender equality. Provinces with tight cultures exhibit lower rates of substantive/radical innovation yet higher rates of incremental innovation.
Seedling traits predict drought-induced mortality linked to diversity loss
Authors: Harrison Susan , LaForgia Marina 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Tremendous effort is being devoted to developing large databases of plant traits, with the hope that these constitute a species-independent currency for predicting the nature and consequences of changes to plant communities driven by climate and other impacts. Yet in strikingly few cases has the efficacy of traits for understanding observed changes to the diversity of natural communities been tested. In an annual grassland undergoing drought-induced diversity loss, we found experimentally that critical outcomes were predicted only by seedling root length, while widely measured adult and aboveground traits were weakly correlated with outcomes. The need to pinpoint traits specific to the location and timing of a major environmental stress may pose a significant challenge to trait-based ecology.
Temperature- and rigidity-mediated rapid transport of lipid nanovesicles in hydrogels
Authors: Yu Miaorong , Song Wenyi , Tian Falin , Dai Zhuo , Zhu Quanlei , Ahmad Ejaj , Guo Shiyan , Zhu Chunliu , Zhong Haijun , Yuan Yongchun , Zhang Tao , Yi Xin , Shi Xinghua , Gan Yong , Gao Huajian 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Lipid vesicles such as liposomes are widely present in biological systems and drug delivery applications. Numerous studies have focused on their roles in intercellular communication, signaling, and trafficking. Little is known, however, about the correlation between temperature and transport rate of these vesicles in biological media. Here, we report a temperature- and rigidity-mediated rapid transport mechanism by which liposomes attain optimal diffusivity near a phase transition temperature. Remarkably, liposomes with phase transition temperature around the body temperature are observed to overcome multiple biological barriers and show substantial improvement in drug delivery efficacy.
A new computational drug repurposing method using established disease–drug pair knowledge
Authors: Saberian Nafiseh , Peyvandipour Azam , Donato Michele , Ansari Sahar , Draghici Sorin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to the classical drug discovery pipeline. Repurposing involves finding novel indications for already approved drugs. In this work, we present a novel machine learning-based method for drug repurposing. This method explores the anti-similarity between drugs and a disease to uncover new uses for the drugs. More specifically, our proposed method takes into account three sources of information: (i) large-scale gene expression profiles corresponding to human cell lines treated with small molecules, (ii) gene expression profile of a human disease and (iii) the known relationship between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and diseases. Using these data, our proposed method learns a similarity metric through a supervised machine learning-based algorithm such that a disease and its associated FDA-approved drugs have smaller distance than the other disease-drug pairs.

Results
We validated our framework by showing that the proposed method incorporating distance metric learning technique can retrieve FDA-approved drugs for their approved indications. Once validated, we used our approach to identify a few strong candidates for repurposing.

Availability and implementation
The R scripts are available on demand from the authors.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Do structural habitat modifications associated with urbanization influence locomotor performance and limb kinematics in Anolis lizards?
Authors: Battles Andrew C , Irschick Duncan J , Kolbe Jason J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrbanization significantly alters habitats for arboreal species, increasing the frequency of very smooth substrates by substituting artificial objects, such as metal poles and painted walls, for some trees. Because they experience these novel substrates more often, urban animals may use strategies to overcome challenges from substrate smoothness that animals from natural habitats do not. We assessed locomotor performance and two-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of two species of Anolis lizards (Anolis cristatellus and Anolis sagrei) from both urban and natural habitats in Miami, Florida. We ran lizards on six racetracks, crossing three substrates of increasing smoothness (rough bark, concrete blocks, and smooth, unpainted wood) with two inclinations (37° and vertical). We found that on vertical tracks with smooth substrates, lizards ran slower, took shorter strides and exhibited more contracted limb postures at the end of their stance than when running on the inclined track. Urban lizards, which are likely to be exposed more often to smooth substrates, did not adjust their movement to increase performance relative to lizards from natural habitats. This result, and the similarity of kinematic strategies between the two species, suggests the locomotor responses of lizards to substrate properties are highly conserved, which may be a mitigating factor that dampens or obviates the effects of natural selection on locomotor behaviour.
Stability Kinetics of Imiquimod: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method
Authors: Sharma Mandeep , Sharma Gajanand , Singh Bhupinder , Katare O P 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor a new immune modulator imiquimod, various liquid chromatography methods have been described in literature but all of them are deficient in one or other aspects of complete method development. The present work intends to develop and validate the stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The isocratic flow of mobile phase comprising equal volume ratio of acetate buffer BP pH 3.7 and acetonitrile at the rate of 1.5 mL/min through the C-18 column at 25°C lead to elution of drug around 2.3 min when analyzed at 244 nm using UV-detector. The linear regression equation in calibration plot was y = 61632×-1224 with 0.9992 coefficient of determination (r2). The percent relative standard variation (% RSD) in peak area at low, mid and high region of linearity range was less than 5% in precision studies. The method was able to detect 0.039 μg/mL of drug but practical limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 1.5 μg/mL. The imiquimod molecule was stable in all except oxidizing conditions where it degraded into more polar molecule in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration dependent manner. Therefore, an analytical method capable of accurately and specifically estimating the drug in microgram range was successfully developed.
Faulting processes during early-stage rifting: seismic and geodetic analysis of the 2009–2010 Northern Malawi earthquake sequence
Authors: Gaherty J B , Zheng W , Shillington D J , Pritchard M E , Henderson S T , Chindandali P R N , Mdala H , Shuler A , Lindsey N , Oliva S J , Nooner S , Scholz C A , Schaff D , Ekström G , Nettles M 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYIn December, 2009, a rare sequence of earthquakes initiated within the weakly extended Western Rift of the East African Rift system in the Karonga province of northern Malawi, providing a unique opportunity to characterize active deformation associated with intrabasinal faults in an early-stage rift. We combine teleseismic and regional seismic recordings of the largest events, InSAR imagery of the primary sequence, and recordings of aftershocks from a temporary (4-month) local network of six seismometers to delineate the extent and geometry of faulting. The locations of ∼1900 aftershocks recorded between January and May 2010 are largely consistent with a west-dipping normal fault directly beneath Karonga as constrained by InSAR and CMT fault solutions. However, a substantial number of epicentres cluster in an east-dipping geometry in the central part of the study area, and additional west-dipping clusters can be discerned near the shore of Lake Malawi, particularly in the southern part of the study area. Given the extensive network of hanging wall faults mapped in the Karonga region on the surface and in seismic reflection images, the distribution of events is strongly suggestive of multiple faults interacting to produce the observed deformation, and the InSAR data permit this but do not require it. We propose that fault interaction contributed to the seismic moment release as a series of Mw 5-to-6 events instead of a normal main shock–aftershock sequence. We find the depth of fault slip during the main shocks constrained by InSAR peaks at less than 6 km, while the majority of recorded aftershocks are deeper than 6 km. This depth discrepancy appears to be robust and may be explained by fault interaction. Structural complexities associated with fault interaction may have limited the extent of coseismic slip during the main shocks, which increased stress deeper than the coseismic slip zone on the primary fault and synthetic faults to the east, causing the energetic aftershock series. There is no evidence of deformation at the Rungwe volcanic province ∼50 km north of the earthquake sequence between 2007 and 2010, consistent with previous interpretations of no significant magmatic contribution during the sequence.
Optimizing effort allocation in data poor mixed fisheries
Authors: Sgardeli Vasiliki , Tserpes George , Maravelias Christos D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Management of mixed fisheries requires reconciling many different and often conflicting objectives (achieving MSY targets and ensuring economic viability among others). In multi-gear mixed fisheries, where many fleets exploit the same species, reallocation of fishing effort can optimize the biological and socioeconomic output of the fishery. Most existing effort allocation tools require extensive data for their parameterization (i.e. detailed effort data and/or analytical assessment of stock status). We present a low-data demanding effort allocation framework for fisheries managed through effort control, with minimum data requirements the surplus production assessment of key stock, catch shares and basic economic fleet data. Profit maximization is considered the overall management goal, which is constrained by single-species biological targets. The method is tested on the Aegean Sea demersal fishery, where two fleet segments exploit numerous species. To achieve sustainable exploitation for the main Aegean stocks, the total effort should be reduced by ∼30%. The framework allows integrating various biological, economic, or other objectives and provides a simple graphical illustration of the allocation result, which can provide a useful tool to convey complex information to managers. To facilitate its application, the source code developed in R programming environment is provided as a supplement.
Update on the global epidemiology of intussusception: a systematic review of incidence rates, age distributions and case-fatality ratios among children aged <5 years, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccination
Authors: Clark Andrew D , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz , Kraus Matthew W , Stockdale Lisa K , Sanderson Colin F B , Parashar Umesh D , Tate Jacqueline E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
In some countries that have introduced oral rotavirus vaccines, a small but elevated risk of intussusception—a rare bowel disorder—has been reported. Updated estimates on the global epidemiology of intussusception are needed to help predict the potential number of intussusception cases that could be caused by the vaccine in different settings.

Methods
We estimated incidence rates, age distributions and case-fatality ratios (CFRs) for intussusception hospital admissions among children aged <5 years, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We included all articles identified in a systematic review between January 2002 and January 2018, and contacted authors for more granular unpublished data on age distributions.

Results
We identified 128 articles containing 227 country datasets (61 age distributions, 71 incidence rates and 95 CFRs). The median age of intussusception ranged from 29 weeks in Africa (83% of cases in the first year of life) to 70 weeks in the Western Pacific region (35% of cases in the first year of life). The median (range) annual incidence of intussusception hospital admissions per 100 000 aged <1 year ranged from 34 (13–56) in Africa to 90 (9–380) in the Western Pacific region. We found extreme differences between the CFRs in Africa (1 death in every 10 hospital admissions) and the rest of the world (fewer than 1 death in every 100–2000 hospital admissions).

Conclusion
Intussusception epidemiology varies by country and region. Understanding and recognizing these differences will be important when assessing the potential number of intussusception cases associated with rotavirus vaccines.
Political Knowledge: Assessing the Stability of Gender Gaps Cross-Nationally
Authors: Fortin-Rittberger Jessica 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article investigates gender gaps in political knowledge by exploiting a pooled dataset containing the four modules of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, thereby allowing the comparison of seven different measurements of political knowledge, the most comprehensive comparison to date. The paper’s findings are threefold. First, the two conventional types of political knowledge—factual or placement knowledge—belong to different latent constructs and are not interchangeable. Second, most factual knowledge scales produce important variations in the size of gender gaps across and within countries over time. Third, “don’t know” as an incorrect response generally leads to broader gender gaps, given men’s higher propensity to guess.
Validation of a Fully Automated Immunoaffinity Workflow for the Detection and Quantification of Insulin Analogs by LC–MS-MS in Postmortem Vitreous Humor
Authors: Legg Kevin M , Labay Laura M , Aiken Sally S , Logan Barry K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The analysis of biological specimens collected at autopsy for the presence of exogenous insulin(s) is of special interest in select death investigations as they may be suspected in the cause of a death. Technical challenges include the limited stability of insulin, and the forensic requirement of differentiating endogenous insulin from pharmaceutical analogs. A novel method was developed for the detection and quantification of human insulin, Glulisine, Lispro, Aspart, Glargine and Detemir in vitreous fluid. An immunoaffinity extraction procedure is performed followed by separation of the insulin α- and β-chains. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the β-chain allows for the unequivocal identification of each insulin analog. The analytical measurement range for each insulin was 0.5–25 ng/mL. The method was evaluated for accuracy, precision, carryover, interferences and stability. Eight vitreous fluid samples collected from cases where untoward insulin use was suspected were subjected to analysis. Positive results were obtained from three samples, and a detailed case history is provided for one of these cases. Even though insulin instability in postmortem biological fluid remains a challenge, this method allows for a reliable forensic-level analysis in vitreous fluid.
Chemosystematics Using Cuticular Compounds: A Powerful Tool to Separate Species in Mediterranean Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae)
Authors: Niogret Jerome , Felix Anne-Emmanuelle , Nicot Antoine , Lumaret Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The use of chemical characters to infer a phylogeny is known to be promising to ascertain phylogenetic relationships in controversial groups. Dung beetle classifications containing the Geotrupidae family, based on morphological characters and genes, are debated with respect to the subfamilies, such as the Bolboceratids. In our study, we used different approaches to generate and compare the Geotrupidae phylogenies based on genetics and chemotaxonomy. Cuticular compounds were analyzed for 12 species of Mediterranean dung beetles to build a chemical phylogeny. In addition, mitochondrial and nuclear marker concatenation have been used to elaborate the molecular phylogeny. Using the cuticular compound continuous data, our results showed that each species was associated with a specific chemical pattern and that all individuals belonging to the same species displayed a similar chemical blend. The most distant species was Bolbelasmus gallicus, with an evident distinction from the other species due to several compounds. The maximum parsimony tree showed that all genera belonging to a Geotrupidae subfamily were grouped in the same clade, with B. gallicus species isolated in another clade, similar to the chemotaxonomy grouping. A strong positive correlation between chemotaxonomy and genetic phylogeny has been demonstrated, underlying a genetic basis for cuticular hydrocarbon variations. Our results are congruent with previous studies using morphological or genetic data. Our results also showed that only 10 compounds can be used to distinguish at least six species of dung beetle and that chemotaxonomy could become a useful and affordable tool to determine phylogenetic relationships in insects.