bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relaxation processes calculation of fish dehydrated surface layer during drying and smoking
Authors: Ershov M A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work the methods of study of relaxation processes that are applicable during fish dehydration based on the influence of the chemical composition, geometric size of the processing object and regime parameters of the dehydration processes are developed. The numerical methods of calculation on the basis of solution of the second-order differential equation with boundary conditions of the third type allow with sufficient for engineering practice accuracy to model the various conditions of the dehydration process conducting with periodic restoration of hydraulic conductivity properties of dehydrating objects. The proposed calculation methods applicable to dehydration processes consisting of a continuous initial period and the following combined periods of drying fish and surface layer relaxation of the object of dehydration. The importance of applying the relaxation is determined by the firming the upper layers which have lost part of the moisture during dehydration. The size of capillaries for the moisture pathway through the upper surfaces reduce. Thus, near the upper layer a free of major moisture mass zone appears, which also has low diffusion properties. As a result, the dehydration process of the entire object slows down. Applying the relaxation enables the hydraulic conductivity features of fish upper layer. During the relaxation the supply of electric power to the heating elements stops. The rate of circulation of the drying agent slows down. The drying installation is supplied with air of lower temperature and higher relative humidity than the drying agent. In the drier such conditions are created that constrain external mass transfer and enables moisture redistribution in the thickness of the fish. During the relaxation the moisture is gradually shifting from the central layers where dehydration has not yet come to the dehydrated surface layers.
Anthropogenic pollution of the southern part of the Khibiny mountain massif and foothills
Authors: Slipenchuk M , Kirillov S , Vorobievskaya E , Sedova N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the mining and consentrating of apatite-nepheline ores on the environment in the Khibiny mountain massif, located in the central part of the Murmansk region. Mining company is one of the largest enterprises of the region and the largest European producer of phosphate raw materials for production of mineral fertilizers, but it is necessary to remember the fact that the activity of this enterprise causes significant damage to the environment, and the impact is complex. This impact is compounded by the low resilience of local ecosystems to human impacts. Mining leads to mechanical disturbance of soils, pollution of groundwater and surface water, atmosphere, soil and vegetation, and affectes negatively on the health of the local population. Negative features of production are low level of integrated use and consentrating of extracted ores, the presence of large amounts of unused waste of mining and consentrating industries. Priority pollutants are dust particles, strontium, lead, zinc, phosphorus, iron, etc. In this paper special attention is paid to bioindication research methods using Baltic sphagnum (Sphagnum balticum) and brown sphagnum (Sphagnum fuscum), due to their ability to accumulate aerotechnogenic pollutants.
Russia’s Arctic is as an object of environmental monitoring
Authors: Russkova I , Dolgikh N , Salkutsan V , Logvinova Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Exploration of the Arctic Shelf is a strategic objective of the sustainable development of our country, taking into account the use of hydrocarbon potential of this territory. At the same time there is a real ecological threat to violate the integrity of biodiversity in the region without implementing the environmental policy of protection of the Arctic Shelf of the Russian Federation. The state strategy until 2025 formulated strategic policy objectives: preserving and restoring the natural environment, ensuring environmental quality, ensuring human well-being and using economic development, eliminating accumulated environmental damage as a result of intensifying economic and industrial activities. A complex solution of these tasks is, on the one hand, the creation of specially protected natural territories, and on the other, the development of an environmental monitoring system. The status of specially protected natural territories allows minimizing industrial activities in a given area, reducing the vulnerability of natural ecosystems to anthropogenic influences. The program of environmental monitoring is a real tool that allows for the collection and analysis of data on the study of environmental reactions to anthropogenic impact, followed by monitoring the state of the biosphere for a development policy for this region dictated the need to develop an environmental monitoring system taking into account its particular features in these latitudes. The proposed system is considered on the example of the Russian Arctic National Park and can be extended to other specially protected natural territories of the Russian Federation. Until now, the lack of an environmental control system in the shelf areas of the Arctic North of Russia and the need for a development policy for this region dictated the need to develop an environmental monitoring system taking into account its particular features in these latitudes. The proposed system is considered on the example of the Russian Arctic National Park and can be extended to other specially protected natural territories of the Russian Federation.
The analysis of seasonality of tourist services in the European North of Russia
Authors: Zhagina S , Pakhomova O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An assessment of the tourist and recreational potential associated with the seasonality of tourism services in the European North of Russia. Our calculations show that the activity of the sale of tourism services increases in summer, sustained seasonal peaks of maximum demand are also noted in January (popularization of the project “Great Ustyug - the homeland of Father Frost” in the Vologda region). Lower sales volumes of tourist services are typical for the winter and spring months. The Murmansk region stands out, where tourist activity rises from August to November, which is associated with the development of primarily the ski (Khibiny) infrastructure. To reduce seasonality in the region, in addition to the development of tourist and recreational facilities, it is also necessary to create recreational tourist facilities of the all-season type with the inclusion of cultural, historical, ethnographic, religious and pilgrimage objects in the tourist activity. In this case, the tourist, even in the absence of favorable climatic conditions for the implementation of summer/winter types of recreation, will have sufficient opportunities to choose and exercise their preferences. This factor will reduce the seasonal fluctuations in the number of tourist visits, providing a uniform load on the existing tourist and recreational facilities.Based on a statistical analysis, an assessment was made of the tourist and recreational potential associated with the seasonality of tourist services in the European North of Russia. Our calculations show that the activity of the sale of tourism services increases in summer, sustained seasonal peaks of maximum demand are also noted in January (popularization of the project “Great Ustyug - the homeland of Father Frost” in the Vologda region). Lower sales volumes of tourist services are typical for the winter and spring months. The Murmansk region stands out, where tourist activity rises from August to November, which is associated with the development of primarily the ski (Khibiny) infrastructure.
PGE reefs of the West-Pana layered intrusion, Kola Region, Russia: plagioclase composition as an indicator of the economic potential
Authors: Yu Groshev N , Ivanov A N , Huber M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper summarizes the present time available data on plagioclase composition through PGE reef sequences in the West-Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia. The intrusion hosts two PGE-enriched levels with a strongly different economic potential. A lower level is known as “North Reef” and contains several deposits of low-sulfide Pt-Pd ores discovered in past decades whereas an upper “South Reef” level showing high-grade mineralization in some places does not have ore bodies. Comparing the variations of anorthite content in plagioclase through the North Reef with sharp changes from An63 in the underlying unit to An86 in the reef sequence with those in the South Reef (An75 with no significant changes) it is suggested that the formation of the former directly corresponds with an early-magmatic process while the latter has a distinct late-magmatic genesis. Thus plagioclase can be considered as an indicator of the economic potential of PGE reef within the West-Pana intrusion and probably in other layered intrusions when it is necessary to choose the most promising mineralized level in the stratigraphy.
Proactive system for controlling the speed of movement of the coal cleaning combine in the conditions of the Arctic region
Authors: Kirillov I E , Kolesnikov E B , Morozov I N , Shpreher D M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work is devoted to the topical issue of managing complex process equipment, using the example of a coal cleaning combine used in the mining industry of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The article presents an approach to the implementation of an automated system of proactive control of the speed of movement of the coal cleaning combine (CC) using two fuzzy controls. The proposed control system analyzes the current value of the engine current driving the cutting unit and predicts the readings of the gas pollution sensors in the mine. Accounting for gas readings is vital to ensure the safe operation of the tunneling machine and other equipment. Excess gas pollution can lead to explosions, casualties and damage to process equipment. Based on the analysis of these values, the developed system generates a control action on the drive motor regulator, which drives the combine. The drive motor controller is made on the basis of a proportional-integral controller. Thus, the system is a hybrid structure combining classic regulators and fuzzy regulators that generate a control signal. The presented approach allows for adaptive, proactive management, as well as improving the safety of the coal mining process and minimizing the human factor in the implementation of management. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated using the developed simulation model of a coal cleaning combine in the Simulink application of the MatLab software package. Analysis of the results obtained in the work allows us to conclude that it is expedient to apply this approach to other technological objects used in the mining industry of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and other countries
Governmental stimulation of the mining waste processing in the Arctic zone
Authors: Knysh V A , Larichkin F D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article covers the problem of processing the mining (industrial) waste accumulating in the regions where solid minerals are mined. This problem is particularly relevant on the onshore territory of the Russian Arctic, specifically, on the Kola Peninsula, where the total weight of industrial waste has exceeded eight billion tons. Mining wastes are considered from two perspectives: as a resource increasing due to deterioration of the grades at primary deposits and as a source of environmental hazards threatening the natural ecosystems of the Russian Arctic. The study demonstrates that efficient mineral waste processing may only be ensured through an integrated approach to establishing incentive policies regarding the use of industrial raw materials to be subject to state regulation. This problem may not be solved solely through environmental legislation. The article specifies the major prerequisites for the success of industrial waste processing business projects, including the possibility of improving the technologies applied and the availability of a state support system for the development and implementation of the best available technologies for import substitution purposes. It is proposed to organize public-private partnership - based technology testing sites for the development and pilot testing of efficient processing circuits for low-margin industrial raw materials
Justification of an approach to an economic assessment of projects development of technogenic mineral objects
Authors: Nevskaya M , Cherepovitsyn A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the gradual reduction of the quality of mineral resources and the deterioration of mining and geological conditions of mining operations there is a need to revitalize the mining companies withing the Russian Federation to engage in the processing of the existing technogenic resources. This problem is particularly relevant for the Northern regions, where a significant amount of mining waste has accumulated as a result of long-term mining. This involves increasing the investment attractiveness of the waste management of mining projects through the development of methodologies for the economic evaluation of projects. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodological approach for economic evaluations during the development process of technogenic mineral processing facilities and mining waste projects.The considered research methods include: justification of key elements of the evaluation of project developments and technological fields of waste processing, compare the types of projects, the rationale for the selection of project solutions to the socio-environmental projects and organizational results.The study results propose a methodology for deciding on the implementation of development projects of technogenic deposits and recycling, based on the flexible use of the criterion of net present value (NPV) to evaluate the effectiveness of the project.
Energy Efficient Polystyrene Aerated Concrete Composite Products and Condition Monitoring for Building Structures and Facilities in the Arctic Regions
Authors: Pak A A , Sukhorukova R N , Nikolaev A I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in combination with the current requirements for ensuring comfortable accommodation conditions in buildings and structures lead to strengthening of respective thermal protection regulations. The article outlines the basics for the multi-layer composite material technology based on the use of aerated concrete and polystyrene foam. The novelty of the technology, as confirmed by respective patents of the Russian Federation, consists in layering of aerated concrete and non-foamed or partially foamed polystyrene into a mold, followed by its closing with a lid and subsequent heat and moisture treatment by steaming. The steaming process triggers spontaneous expansion of the aerated concrete mixture and polystyrene, compaction of their structural layers, and acceleration of concrete curing. The result is a composite product with improved performance, complying with the current regulatory requirements for the thermal protection of buildings.
In order to ensure the reliability and durability of construction projects, systematic quality control is required for all raw materials used in manufacturing of building structures, as well as proper condition monitoring for all operated buildings and structures. The Kola Testing Centre for Building Materials and Articles (KTCBMA), established 20 years ago, conducts certification and definitive testing of building materials for compliance with the current standards, as well as non-destructive testing of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
Reduction of the Ore Losses Emerging within the Deep Mining of Bauxite Deposits at the Mines of OJSC «Sevuralboksitruda»
Authors: Sidorov D , Ponomarenko T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article considers the issues associated with the deep mining of bauxite ores. A need for effective development of Russian aluminum mineral resource base requires companies to reduce the ore losses emerging while moving to the deeper mining, which is characterized by sophisticated geological, technical and geodynamic mining conditions. In this article we have revealed the changing patterns of the inter-chamber pillars’ stress state and stability taking into account the influence of various mining and geological factors. Based on the mine data and the results of numerical experiments performed with the use of PRESS 3D URAL software, this research has revealed that at the depth of more than 700-800 m inter-chamber pillars enter the supercritical mode of deformation and have minimal bearing capacity. Failure to take into account the supercritical mode of deformation leads to the significant losses of ore in pillars reaching 30-50%. At the same time, the ore losses can be reduced to 15-25% by considering the residual strength and supercritical deformation of the pillars while designing their parameters. The economic result would be achieved by improving the design process of mining operations, providing increased safety of mining operations along with losses reduction leading to to increase in production volumes.
International Cooperation in the Arctic as a Way to Preserve the Natural and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Bogolyubova N , Nikolaeva Yu , Portnyagina M , Elts E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The rapid growth of the threat to the destruction of natural and cultural values prompted the world community to realize the need to join efforts to preserve the achievements of nature and culture. Henceforth, the importance of the factor of cooperation in international relations becomes greater. The article considers multilateral cooperation in the field of preservation of cultural and natural heritage in the Arctic. The Arctic is a territory where the interests of many states overlap, so cooperation issues are particularly important here. The Arctic region has a unique natural and cultural heritage that needs constant protection. The authors aim at analyzing the modern system of defense of the world cultural and natural heritage, developed by UNESCO. The authors mean the world heritage as the most valuable foundation, a set of artifacts of spiritual and material culture created by man, and the wealth created by nature, inherited from past generations are preserved at present and transferred to future generations. The article pays attention not only to sites already on the UNESCO World Heritage List, but also to those that are to be included on the UNESCO List. Special attention is paid to the interaction of Russia and UNESCO on the issues of identifying new sites of natural and cultural heritage in the Arctic.
Multi-criteria signal synthesis procedure for adapting cognitive radio systems to the influence of interfering factors in the Arctic
Authors: Kirillov S N , Lisnichuk A A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For trouble-free operation of robotic complexes in the Arctic, it is necessary to use reliable radio channels to transmit control commands and to receive data from the robot. During operation, the data radio channel influenced by intentional and unintentional interference. Radio signal synthesis procedure is proposed to ensure efficient operation of robotic systems in complex interference-signal environment adaptation using cognitive radio transmission of information under influence of interfering factors. For creating a radio synthesis procedure used generalized representation signals. The objective function of multi-criteria synthesis of radio signals is substantiated. This function uses a combined quality criterion, which includes particular criteria responsible for throughput and detuning from interference, noise immunity as well as spectral and energy efficiency of the signal formed. The procedure of multi-criteria synthesis of radio signals includes the step of estimating the power spectral density of the interference, the formation of the objective function and optimization for finding the optimum of the objective function. Quasi-Newton methods with finite-difference approximation of derivatives are used for the optimization procedure, since the maximum speed of the algorithm is ensured. The proposed procedure was simulated on a computer. The model included a channel with additive white Gaussian noise and narrowband interference. The study showed that the synthesized radio signals at most unfavorable (among the considered) effects on radio channel by narrow-band interference provide noise immunity at the QPSK-signal level when exposed only to additive white Gaussian noise.
Aromatic polysulfone to create polymer materials with high resistance to frost
Authors: Borodulin A , Kalinnikov A , Kharaev A , Shcherbin S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The creation of materials that ensure high reliability and environmental safety of Arctic structures under extremely harsh operating conditions is an urgent scientific and technical task. This article deals with the creation of domestic aromatic polysulphons to create on their basis polymer construction materials with high frost resistance, resistance to environmental factors. Method for the synthesis of aromatic polysulfones of high-temperature condensation in solution is both simple (from the perspective of technological implementation) and affordable method of producing structural polymers in quantities necessary for practical application in the creation of polymer composite materials on their basis for usage in devices planned for operation in Arctic conditions. Physico-mechanical, dielectric, thermal properties of the synthesized aromatic polysulfone and its fire resistance at the level of characteristics of well-known foreign brands. The synthesized material is not deformed to a temperature of minus 60 0C, and the impact of negative temperatures over time does not reduce its physical and mechanical characteristics.
Prototype of a measurement device for frequency dependent soil electrical properties
Authors: Kuklin D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Studies show that grounding potential rise and lightning performance of transmission lines are significantly influenced by frequency dependent soil properties (resistivity and permittivity). In order to perform calculations of the transient grounding characteristics more accurately, additional experimental data for different soils is needed. Currently, field measurements of the frequency dependent soil properties can take a significant amount of time. This limits the amount of available experimental data. Thus, for conducting a large number of measurements, a convenient measurement device is needed. Several parameters of the measurement device for the frequency dependent soil electrical properties are discussed in the article (such as preferable generated waveform, the amplitude of the signal, input impedance of the voltage measurement probe, isolation between measurement circuits), and a prototype of the device is presented. A critically important factor for this kind of measurements is high impedance between the current and voltage measurement circuits. In order to achieve proper isolation between the circuits, the optically-isolated probe was made for the voltage measurements. An example of measurements with the dipole-dipole electrode array for high-resistivity soil is presented. Further improvements for the measurement device are also suggested in the article. With these improvements, the measurements can be almost as fast and simple as those made with a conventional soil resistivity meter.