bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The offshore east African rift system: new insights from the Sakalaves seamounts (Davie Ridge, SW Indian Ocean)
Authors: Courgeon Simon , Bachèlery Patrick , Jouet Gwénael , Jorry Stephan J. , Bou Esther , BouDagher‐Fadel Marcelle K. , Révillon Sidonie , Camoin Gilbert , Poli Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe offshore branch of the East African Rift System (EARS) has developed during Late Cenozoic time along the eastern Africa continental margin. While Neogene–Pleistocene extensional tectonic deformation has been evidenced along the northern segment of the Davie Ridge, the spatial extent of deformation further south remains poorly documented. Based on recent and various oceanographic datasets (bathymetric surveys, dredge samples and seismic profiles), our study highlights active normal faulting, modern east–west extensional tectonic deformation and Late Cenozoic alkaline volcanism at the Sakalaves Seamounts (18°S, Davie Ridge) that seem tightly linked to the offshore EARS development. In parallel, rift‐related tectonic subsidence appears responsible for the drowning of the Sakalaves Miocene shallow‐water carbonate platform. Our findings bring new insights regarding the development of the EARS offshore branch and support recent kinematic models proposing the existence of a plate boundary across the Mozambique Channel.
SECONDARY WALL ASSOCIATED MYB1 is a positive regulator of secondary cell wall thickening in Brachypodium distachyon and is not found in the Brassicaceae
Authors: Handakumbura Pubudu P. , Brow Kathryn , Whitney Ian P. , Zhao Kangmei , Sanguinet Karen A. , Lee Scott J. , Olins Jennifer , Romero‐Gamboa Sandra P. , Harrington Michael J. , Bascom Carlisle J. , MacKinnon Kirk J‐M. , Veling Michael T. , Liu Lifeng , Lee Ji E. , Vogel John P. , O'Malley Ronan C. , Bezanilla Magdalena , Bartley Laura E. , Hazen Samuel P. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGrass biomass is comprised chiefly of secondary walls that surround fiber and xylem cells. A regulatory network of interacting transcription factors in part regulates cell wall thickening. We identified Brachypodium distachyon SECONDARY WALL ASSOCIATED MYB1 (SWAM1) as a potential regulator of secondary cell wall biosynthesis based on gene expression, phylogeny, and transgenic plant phenotypes. SWAM1 interacts with cellulose and lignin gene promoters with preferential binding to AC‐rich sequence motifs commonly found in the promoters of cell wall‐related genes. SWAM1 overexpression (SWAM‐OE) lines had greater above‐ground biomass with only a slight change in flowering time while SWAM1 dominant repressor (SWAM1‐DR) plants were severely dwarfed with a striking reduction in lignin of sclerenchyma fibers and stem epidermal cell length. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin genes were significantly down‐regulated in SWAM1‐DR plants and up‐regulated in SWAM1‐OE plants. There was no reduction in bioconversion yield in SWAM1‐OE lines; however, it was significantly increased for SWAM1‐DR samples. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses strongly suggest that the SWAM1 clade was present in the last common ancestor between eudicots and grasses, but is not in the Brassicaceae. Collectively, these data suggest that SWAM1 is a transcriptional activator of secondary cell wall thickening and biomass accumulation in B. distachyon.
Ultrasonography is more accurate than percutaneous palpation for identifying targeted thoracolumbar intervertebral disc spaces in dogs
Authors: Boursier Jean‐François , Fournet Alexandre , Bassanino Jean , Manassero Mathieu , Bedu Anne‐Sophie , Leperlier Dimitri 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring minimally invasive spinal surgery, correct identification of the affected intervertebral disc space is critical. Percutaneous palpation is commonly used, but results may be unreliable. Fluoroscopy is the gold standard but can be cumbersome and exposes operators to ionizing radiation. Spinal ultrasound has been described in veterinary medicine and could be a feasible alternative. This prospective, methods comparison study mimicked a minimally invasive spinal surgery in 10 canine cadavers and compared the accuracy of ultrasound and percutaneous palpation for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc space identification, using fluoroscopy as the reference standard. For each experiment, a disc space was randomly chosen. Identification was then attempted using both percutaneous palpation and ultrasound. For ultrasound, a linear probe was used to guide the operator to the correct location. The time necessary to perform each method was recorded. Accuracies for each method were calculated and statistically compared. Effects of body condition score, location of the targeted thoracolumbar intervertebral disc space and learning curve for each method were also evaluated. Ultrasonographic identification was more accurate (96.7% vs. 76.7%; P < 0.03) but took longer (147 s vs. 29 s; P < 0.0001) than percutaneous palpation. Findings from this cadaver study indicated that percutaneous palpation alone had low accuracy for correctly identifying a targeted thoracolumbar intervertebral disc space and supported the use of ultrasound as a method for improving the accuracy. Future studies are needed to assess the method in clinical cases, especially in obese dogs and/or those in which the targeted site is distant from palpable anatomical landmarks.
Involvement of calvarial stem cells in healing: A regional analysis of large cranial defects
Authors: Durham Emily L. , Howie R. Nicole , Houck Reed , Oakes Brayden , Grey Zachary , Hall SarahRose , Steed Martin , LaRue Amanda , Muise‐Helmericks Robin , Cray James 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge craniofacial defects present a substantial clinical challenge that often requires the use of osteoconductive matrices and osteoinductive cues (i.e., bone morphogenetic proteins [BMP2]) to augment healing. While these methods have improved clinical outcomes, a better understanding of how the osteogenic fronts surrounding the defect, the underlying dura mater, and the cranial suture area contribute to healing may lead to more targeted therapies to enhance bone regeneration. We hypothesized that healing within a large bone defect will be precipitated from cells within the remaining or available suture mesenchyme abutting the edges of a murine critical sized defect. To investigate this hypothesis, 39 adult, wild‐type mice were randomly arranged into groups (9 or 10 per group) by time (4 and 8 weeks) and treatment (control, acellular collagen sponge alone, or acellular collagen sponge loaded with a clinically relevant scaled dosage of BMP2). The skulls were then subjected to microcomputed tomography and histological analysis to assess bone regeneration in regions of interest within the defect area. A regional assessment of healing indicated that BMP2 drives greater healing than control and that healing emanates from the surgical margin, particularly from the margin associated with undisrupted suture mesenchyme. Though BMP2 treatment drove an increase in cell presence within the healing defect, there was no regional orientation of craniofacial stem cells or vascularity. Overall, these data reinforce that osteoconductive matrices in conjunction with osteoinductive peptides result in better healing of large calvarial defects. This healing is characterized as emanating from the surgical margin where there is an abundant supply of vasculature and progenitor cells.
Trajectory of Manufacturing Industry in India since Post Reform Period
Authors: Pawar Sneha Sharad 
Published: July 2018

Manufacturing has been an engine of growth in India in the seventies and eighties. After the 1991 reforms the engine appears to be slowing. This paper attempts to examine the reality behind the increased productivity by applying methods that measure productivity per factor and returns to scale. The analysis reveals that manufacturing output growth in post reform period is ‘input-driven’ rather than efficiency driven. The growth in manufacturing sector is dependent on the investment climate. The structural reforms since 1990s have made some progress. Despite recent setbacks, it is universally acknowledged that the reforms process in India cannot be reversed and sooner or later these reforms will be implemented. However, the long term competitive ability of Indian firms would depend on production efficiency. Production efficiency, in turn, is dependent on ability to develop, import and adapt new technologies among other factors. Hence, for achieving the efficiency the theories have been critically examined from Indian scenario and some measures have suggested in this paper.
The role of the paravertebral ganglia in human sympathetic neural discharge patterns
Authors: Klassen Stephen A. , Limberg Jacqueline K. , Baker Sarah E. , Nicholson Wayne T. , Curry Timothy B. , Joyner Michael J. , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
The mechanisms affecting recruitment patterns of postganglionic sympathetic nerves remain unclear. The divergent and convergent preganglionic innervation patterns of postganglionic neurons and the presence of differently sized postganglionic nerves suggest that the ganglia may participate in modifying the discharge patterns of single sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the skeletal muscle circulation.
Whether the ganglia affect the ordered behaviour of varying sized postganglionic sympathetic neurons in humans has not been studied.
Trimethaphan infusion produced an ordered pattern of action potential (AP) de‐recruitment whereby the firing of larger, low probability APs present at baseline was abolished first, followed by progressive decreased probability of smaller APs. Although integrated sympathetic bursts were no longer detected after several minutes of trimethaphan, firing of the smallest APs was detected.
These data suggest the ganglia affect the distribution of firing probabilities exhibited by differently sized sympathetic neurons.
The ganglia may contribute to sympathetic neural emission patterns involved in homeostatic regulation.
AbstractDo the ganglia contribute to the ordered behaviour of postganglionic neuronal discharge within the sympathetic nervous system? To further understand the functional organization of the sympathetic nervous system we employed the microneurographic approach to record muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and a continuous wavelet transform to study postganglionic action potential (AP) behaviour during nicotinic blockade at the ganglia (trimethaphan camsylate, 1–7 mg min−1) in seven females (37 ± 5 years). Trimethaphan elicited a progressive reduction in sympathetic outflow characterized by fewer integrated bursts with decaying amplitude. Underlying trimethaphan‐mediated attenuations in integrated MSNA were reductions in AP incidence (186 ± 101 to 29 ± 31 AP (100 beats)−1) and AP content per integrated burst (7 ± 2 to 3 ± 1 APs burst−1) (both P < 0.01) in the final minute of detectable bursting activity in the trimethaphan condition, compared to baseline. We observed an ordered de‐recruitment of larger to smaller AP clusters active at baseline (14 ± 3 to 8 ± 2 active AP clusters, P < 0.01). Following cessation of integrated bursts in the trimethaphan condition, the smallest 6 ± 2 sympathetic AP clusters persisted to fire in an asynchronous pattern (49 ± 41 AP (100 beats)−1) in all participants. Valsalva's manoeuvre did not increase the incidence of these persistent APs (60 ± 42 AP (100 beats)−1, P = 0.52), or recruit any larger APs in six of seven participants (6 ± 1 total AP clusters, P = 0.30). These data suggest that the ganglia participate in the ordered recruitment of differently sized postganglionic sympathetic nerves.
Design Optimization of a Mixed Flow Waterjet Pump for Performance Improvement Involving Cavitation
Authors: Huang Renfang , Luo Xianwu , Zhai Zhihong , Zhou Jiajian 
Published: July 2018

A mixed-flow waterjet pump with a vaneless diffuser is treated to improve its hydraulic efficiency as well as cavitation performance. In order to conduct the design optimization, the authors apply a multiobjective strategy combined with design of experiments (DOE), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), inverse design method, surface response method (RSM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The hydraulic efficiency and the total vapor volume are selected as the optimization targets, and nine parameters are used to describe the blade shape with the same meridional section.
For numerical simulation, RANS method is applied with SST k-ω turbulence model and a mass transfer cavitation model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Optimal Latin hypercube design method is used in the design of experiments to uniformly sample in variation ranges and global optimization is then conducted by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) based on the input-target approximation functions built by the response surface model (RSM).
The optimization results demonstrate that both hydraulic efficiency and cavitation performance are improved at the design point through this multiobjective strategy. Based on analysis of the internal flows, secondary flows would be important contributor to the hydraulic loss as well as the nonuniform flow at impeller exit, and can be suppressed by adjusting the blade load along the hub or shroud by using the inverse design method.
Effect of the Accuracy Order of the Discretization Scheme on the Prediction Performance for the Turbulent Flow Structure Inside Fuel Assembly: Sensitivity Study
Authors: Lee Gong Hee , Cheong Ae Ju 
Published: July 2018

Spatial discretization errors result from both the numerical order of accuracy of the discretization scheme, and from grid spacing. It is well known that second, or higher, order discretization schemes are potentially able to produce high-quality solutions. In addition, when either the flow is not aligned with the grid, or is complex, it is recommended that the first order discretization scheme not be used for the convection term, if possible. However, the higher-order scheme can also result in convergence difficulties and instabilities at certain flow conditions.
In this study, to examine the effect of the numerical order of accuracy of the discretization scheme on the prediction accuracy for the turbulent flow structure inside fuel assembly with the split-type mixing vanes, simulations were conducted with the commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, ANSYS CFX R.14. Two different types of the discretization scheme for the convection-terms-of-momentum and -turbulence equations, i.e. 1st order upwind scheme and a high resolution scheme, were used. The predicted results were compared with the measured data from MATiS-H (Measurement and Analysis of Turbulent Mixing in Subchannles-Horizontal) facility, installed in the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute).
U-RANS Simulation of Single Elbow Pipe Flow Experiments Simulating JSFR Hot-Leg Piping
Authors: Yamano Hidemasa , Tanaka Masaaki , Iwamoto Yukiharu 
Published: July 2018

This paper is intended to validate the numerical simulation tool, which is Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (U-RANS) approach with the Reynolds Stress Model using a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, by applying to the flow through a single short-elbow in the 1/10 and 1/3 scale water experiments simulating the Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) hot-leg piping. An additional objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of outlet condition at which the coolant overflows a partition wall in the upper part of an intermediate heat exchanger in the JSFR design.
The numerical results were in good agreement with the 1/10 and 1/3 scale experimental data indicating time-averaged velocity distributions, flow field visualization, and power spectral densities of pressure fluctuation. These comparisons can conclude that the U-RANS numerical simulation tool was validated with its applicability to a single short elbow flow. The numerical simulation has also shown that the unsteady flow fields in the short elbow flow, which was characterized by a cyclic secondary flow and the subsequent horseshoe vortex.
In this study, the effect of the outlet condition was also examined through the numerical simulation. At the outlet of the pipe, the simulation modeled the partition wall in the upper part of the intermediate heat exchanger, which has never been simulated in the experiments. The numerical simulation results were compared between with and without the intermediate heat exchanger at the pipe outlet in terms of the time-averaged velocity distribution, pressure fluctuation power spectral density, and so on. In the result, no significant difference between them was observed, so that it can be said that the effect of the outlet condition is negligibly small.
Thermal-Fluidic Numerical Analysis for the Development of Heat Exchanger in the Propellant Tank Pressurization System of KSLV-II Upper Stage
Authors: Lee Sun-Kyung , Han Sang Yeop , Shin Dong-Soon , Taghavi R. Ray 
Published: July 2018

KSLV-II (Korea Space Launch Vehicle - II) launch vehicle is a three staged satellite launch vehicle using a liquid propellant propulsion system in all three stages. It will deliver 1,500 kg satellite to Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO, 700 km, 98.2°) or 2,600 kg satellite to Low Earth Orbit (LEO, 300 km, 80.3°). Propellants for KSLV-II are kerosene as a fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer for propelling.
Those fuel and oxidizer are stored in on-board tanks separately. To run a liquid propellant rocket engine on ground or in flight, those propellants should be supplied to LRE’s using so-called Propellant Pressurizing Sub-system, which makes propellants be pressurized in tanks using pressurant. A pressurant for PPSS of KSLV-II is helium, which is stored in tanks located in an oxidizer tank. The stored He is under cryogenic condition (50 K) as gaseous state. Such He is heated and expanded through heat exchanger, which is using a combustion gas coming out from gas generator for turbo-pump as an energy source, to be used as pressurant. This paper contains the results of performance analysis and thermal-fluidic numerical analysis to develop the above-mentioned heat exchanger for KSLV-II upper stage (the 2nd stage). The technical requirements for such heat exchanger are as follows: pressurant mass flow rate for oxidizer tank - 0.127 kg/sec; and for fuel tank - 0.043 kg/sec. The outlet temperature of He from heat exchanger is 550±10 K.
Influence of Different Impeller Diameter on Cavitation Performance in an Engine Cooling Water Pump
Authors: Li Wei , Li Weiqiang , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling , Pei Bing 
Published: July 2018

The engine cooling water pump (ECWP) is an important part in the motor and engine. Using the advanced numerical methods and tools to enhance the ECWP performance, not only could reduce the power consumption and weight, but also can promote the safety and reliability of the vehicle system. The cavitation damage in the ECWP shortens the reliability and life of the motor cooling system, as well as produces vibration and noise. Cavitation in the ECWP has been become an important research topic.
To investigate the cavitation performance of ECWP with different impeller diameter, the three dimensional turbulent flow in the ECWP with different impeller diameter was numerically simulated employing the time averaged N-S equation, the standard k-ε turbulent model and multiphase flow model by ANSYS-CFX software. The structured hexahedral mesh has been generated for improving the accuracy of numerical simulation. Comparing with the experimental pump performance results, the cavitation performance is accurately predicted based on structured mesh and cavitation model. The comparison of fluid static pressure and vapor volume fraction contours, hydraulic and cavitation performance was made among different impeller diameter. The cavitation performance curve and bubble distributions under different impeller diameter were compared and analyzed, we find that absolute pressure at the critical cavitation point becomes higher with the decreasing of the impeller diameter, and the anti-cavitation performance becomes worse caused by the increasing of the volume fraction in the impeller. Therefore, there is an optimum impeller diameter value to guarantee the anti-cavitation performance and hydraulic performance of the investigated pump.
Investigation of Flatback Airfoil Effect in the Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Jeong Jae-Ho , Kim Soo-Hyun 
Published: July 2018

The flatback airfoil effect in the inboard region of large wind turbine blade has been investigated by numerical analysis. Complicated flow phenomena in the wind turbine blade were captured by Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow simulation (RANS) with SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model.
The inboard region of the blade without the flatback airfoils is dominated by the separated vortex. The separated vortex starts to be formed near the blade mid-chord. The separated vortex core is generated by the large pressure difference in the blade inboard trailing edge region. The separated vortex grows nearly in the outboard direction, which is so-called secondary flow on the blade surface. The flatback airfoils are designed, and applied to the wind turbine inboard region. The scale of the separated vortex can be decreased, and the blade performance enhanced up to nearly 6% in the flatback airfoil region. However, the blade with large wake thickness due to the flatback airfoil has a negative impact on the aerodynamic noise.
Regardless of the flatback airfoils, the tip vortex core of the outboard region is formed on the suction surface leading edge, and strongly rolled-up by the pressure surface boundary layers due to the large pressure difference between the suction surface and the pressure surface in the blade tip region. This remarkably strong tip vortex develops downstream, and rakes up the blade trailing edge boundary layer with low energy.
Numerical Study of Plasma Flow Around a Reentry Vehicle During Atmospheric Reentry With an Unstructured Grid Solver
Authors: Nakasato Reo , Takahashi Yusuke , Oshima Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2018

When a reentry vehicle enters the planetary atmosphere, a strong shock wave is generated and the strong aerodynamic heating appears. Gas temperature in front of the vehicle exceeds 10,000K and chemical reactions (ionizations and dissociations) occur behind the shock wave. Because the reentry vehicle is damaged by the aerodynamic heating, accurate evaluation of the aerodynamic heating in the high-enthalpy flow is necessary for the design and the development of the vehicle. The communication blackout phenomenon which prevents the propagation of the electromagnetic waves can occur by the characteristics of electrons in the shock layer to absorb and reflect the electromagnetic waves. To estimate the communicationable time and understand the behavior of the electromagnetic waves around the vehicle, the accurate evaluation of the plasma flow around the vehicle is also necessary.
In this study, the three-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted to consider an angle of attack by using the analysis software for compressible fluid, RG-FaSTAR which has been developed by JAXA. Moreover, unstructured grids were used to make it easier to generate computational grid around the vehicle with complicated shape. Note that RG-FaSTAR is a version of FaSTAR (FaST Aerodynamic Routine) installing the real gas effect. We reproduced the actual flow field around the Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD) which was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1998 and revealed the aerodynamic heating and plasma flow properties during atmospheric reentry.
The computational result showed good agreement with measured pressure coefficient at the stagnation point. In addition, the features of the shock layer and the rear region around ARD were revealed.