bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Male Behavior in Response to Female Chemical Stimulus in an Understudied Arthropod Model
Authors: Simian C. , Oviedo‐Diego M. A. , Palen‐Pietri R. , Olivero P. A. , Vrech D. E. , Peretti A. V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntraspecific sexual communication, crucial in reproductive interactions, often involves the interchange of signals like vibrations, visual signals, and chemical compounds like sex chemical cues. Within the arachnids, solifuges (“camel spiders”) are an understudied group in terms of the detection of chemical compounds during mate searching and sexual interactions. In solifugids, the malleoli, chemoreceptor structures located on the ventral side of legs IV, are putative structures capable of capturing chemical signals. Our study focused on chemical male perception of female cues in Titanopuga salinarum (Ammotrechidae), examining associated behavioral modifications and the role of malleoli. We analyzed alterations in the motion pattern (activity pulse) and specific behaviors performed by males in association with female chemical stimuli. Using experimental arenas, we exposed males to female chemical cues stimuli similar to those available at the field. Stimuli comprised females (F) and cuticular extracts (CE), with corresponding controls. Males with intact malleoli (N = 26 with F, N = 20 with CE) were compared to those with malleoli removed (N = 21 with F, N = 17 with CE). We found partial evidence that males detect chemical cues of females deposited on the substrate. We observed no differences in the duration and number of the activity pulses spent in the zones with and without stimuli in any of the groups analyzed. However, the males exhibit significant changes in locomotion patterns in response to female chemical cues, suggesting a behavioral response to these stimuli. This finding suggests that the males of this species detect the female chemical cues and modify their behavior, and can quickly gather the necessary olfactory information where the stimulus is located. In addition, we found a possible condition‐dependent regime for the detection of female cues by males, which would be expected from life‐history characteristics of T. salinarum. Our findings prompt discussion from a sexual selection perspective, suggesting the importance of chemical communication in intraspecific interactions in this elusive but fascinating animal model.
Neighbor Density and Post‐Contact Immobility Duration as Antipredator Behavior: Antlion Larvae Do Not Fit the Selfish Prey Hypothesis
Authors: Farji‐Brener Alejandro G. , Abarca‐Méndez Ana , Cubero‐Morales Liza , López‐Reyes Kevin , Ramírez‐Mosquera Diana , Escalante Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRemaining immobile for an unpredictable period after being touched by a potential predator (post‐contact immobility, PCI) may favor survival. However, the factors that determine variation in PCI duration are poorly understood. We tested whether PCI duration depends on the surrounding conspecific density (the selfish prey hypothesis) in the tropical antlion larvae Myrmeleon crudelis. These insects avoid predation by being immobile or burying themselves. The selfish prey hypothesis predicts a reduction in the PCI duration as conspecific density increases because this high density of conspecifics around can stimulate the redirection of the predator's interest in other nearby potential prey. In the field, we measured PCI and found that its duration was independent of the conspecific density. In the lab, we also measured the PCI of a subset of the same larvae in the absence of neighbors. Using a paired design, we found that PCI duration was lower in the lab in the absence of neighbors than in the field. Our results suggest that the antlion larvae did not follow the selfish prey hypothesis. We propose two alternative explanations. First, the larvae have a limited ability to detect neighbors in the field and keep up with the changing number of surrounding active pits. Second, burying may be more important than PCI as an antipredator strategy. In our lab experiment, larvae had a more accurate idea of the conspecific density around their pit because they explored the area. We propose that knowing the absence of conspecifics triggered a shorter PCI duration. Under a high predation risk (i.e., no other prey to which the predator would redirect its attention), the larvae select the unequivocal antipredator behavior of burying. This work illustrates the relevance of accurate information in deciding how to avoid predation, especially when prey can prioritize between alternative behaviors, with success varying between the contexts.
Strain‐Controlled Low‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Superalloy Considering Extensive Temperature Range and Stress Concentration
Authors: Luo Lingying , Wang Wenjun , Yang Qinzheng , Mi Dong , Wang Xu , Hu Xiaoan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior and fatigue life prediction method of an advanced solid solution–strengthened nickel‐based superalloy at various temperatures and stress concentrations. Cylindrical specimens as well as plates with three types of holes (including straight holes and inclined holes with different orientations) were designed and machined for fatigue tests. The test results revealed fatigue life decreases with the temperature increasing. Meanwhile, the fatigue lives of the plate specimens have decreased differently and are strongly dependent on the geometry and orientation of the holes. The key damage parameter related to the fatigue life was found on the strain gradient path. A criterion based on strain gradient is defined as the boundary of the damage process zone. The results show that the prediction was in good agreement with the experimental data, for the majority of the data are within a scatter band of ±2.
Unveiling Ecosystem Shifts in the Southern Benguela Through Otolith Biochronologies of Sardine (Sardinops sagax)
Authors: Brinkman Faye R. V. , Smolinski Szymon , Bordbar Mohammad Hadi , Verheye Hans M. , van der Lingen Carl D. , Wilhelm Margit R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSardine (Sardinops sagax) in the southern Benguela has shown substantial changes in population size over the past 70 years. Heavy fishing pressure in the 1950s to early 1970s caused the collapse of sardine stocks in South Africa. A fishery collapse happens because of significant alterations in the marine community, hindering the recovery of valuable commercial species and leading to cascading effects across multiple trophic levels in marine food webs. In this study, a robust 58‐year biochronology (1962–2019) was developed using archived sardine otoliths from the West of Cape Agulhas in South Africa. Sequential t‐test analysis of regime shifts (STARS) performed on the biochronology of fish growth indicated four regimes with three alteration points in 1986, 2006 and 2015 that correspond with periods of low, high, average and low biomass, respectively; that is, high growth rates occurred during the high biomass period and vice versa. A series of mixed effects models was developed to determine increment width response to selected environmental, prey availability and sardine biomass factors based on the assumption that otolith increment growth is a proxy for somatic growth. Predicted sardine growth positively correlated with sardine biomass, sea surface temperature and copepod abundance estimates. This observation suggests that sardine population dynamics exhibit a depensation mechanism, potentially destabilizing populations after the fishery collapse. Sea surface temperature and copepod abundance have been primary factors influencing sardine growth, partly because of depensatory population dynamics. Furthermore, the study improves understanding of how different factors have affected sardine growth following the collapse of the sardine fishery.
Temperature and Abundance Effects on Spatial Structures of Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) at Different Life Stages in the Oceanographically Variable Gulf of Maine
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Yun , Richards R. Anne , Townsend David W. , Chen Yong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Gulf of Maine (GOM) northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis, once supported a significant winter fishery, but a moratorium has been placed on the fishery since 2014 because of a population collapse and recruitment failures that have been attributed to unfavorably warm water temperatures. The GOM is at the southernmost end of the northern shrimp's range, suggesting its population dynamics and distribution may be vulnerable to warming water temperatures. In this study, we used survey data to estimate spatial indicators for GOM northern shrimp at four life history stages to identify possible temporal trends and examine relationships between the indicators and northern shrimp abundance and bottom temperature. We observed patchier distributions over time, which were related to declining population abundance, and a distributional shift northward that was associated with warming bottom water temperatures. Northern shrimp habitat distribution was strongly associated with bottom temperature. Shrimp of all life stages were found in bottom waters cooler than the station's average bottom temperature.
Shufflenetv2UNet: An improved neural network model for grassland sample coverage extraction
Authors: Liu Yunyu , Liu Tonghai , Wang Fanzhen , Shi Hongxiao , Wang Hai , Hasi Bagen , Gao Fangyu , Liu Changqin , Li Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate extraction of grassland sample coverage is crucial for regional ecological environment monitoring. Due to the strong feature learning capability, high flexibility, and scalability of deep learning methods, they have great potential in grassland sample extraction modelling. However, we still lack a model that can achieve both lightweight structure and effective performance for small object segmentation to considering the small target characteristics of grassland vegetation and the requirements for model deployment in later stages. Here, we combined the UNet model, which performs well in small target segmentation, with the lightweight network Shufflenetv2 model, proposing an improved UNet neural network, Shufflenetv2UNet, for grassland sample coverage extraction. The core of Shufflenetv2UNet is the removal of maximum pooling and double‐layer convolution modules from downsampling in the UNet neural network. In addition, the Inverted Residual Block structure module from Shufflenetv2 was added to achieve a lightweight model and improved extraction accuracy. The Shufflenetv2UNet achieves an accuracy of 98.23%, with a parameter size of 50.74 M, and a model inference speed of 0.004 s. Compared to existing extraction methods, this model has advantages in prediction accuracy, parameter size, and model inference speed. Moreover, Shufflenetv2UNet achieved different types of grassland sample coverage extractions, with good robustness, generalization, and universality, enabling investigators to quickly and accurately obtain grassland sample coverage. This allows more dynamic and accurate ground measurement data for regional grassland environmental monitoring.
Exploring the Experiences of Women Academics in England: The Combined Effects of Societal, Structural and Life‐Stage Factors
Authors: Quickfall Aimee 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explored the experiences of women who are academics working in UK higher education (HE), using a feminist approach and narrative methods and analysis. The purpose of the research was to explore the experiences of women, with a view to highlighting potential shared experiences, informing the policies of universities and adding to the body of knowledge on women in HE. Findings include narrative themes around gender roles, male‐dominated academia and life‐stage impact on career. Concluding recommendations include meaningful recognition of pastoral roles and promotion tracks which value these skills and support for women's life stages, including maternity, motherhood, menopause and sandwich caring.
Intra‐ and inter‐specific variability in the temporal trends of butterfly phenology in the Northern Alps
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Schmitt Thomas , Gros Patrick , Habel Jan Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Large‐scale declines in insect abundances and richness due to climate and land‐use change have been well documented during the past years. These changes are accompanied by shifts in insect phenology towards earlier appearance in spring and prolonged activity periods in late summer and autumn. The magnitude of these responses to climate change might be masked by intra‐ and inter‐specific variability in phenology and trait expression.
Here, we used a large data set of museum records of butterflies from the northern Austrian Alps (380 m to >3000 m asl) and ask to which degree does intra‐ and inter‐specific variability in spring and autumn activity and in the numbers of generations affect the temporal trends in phenology during the last 30 years?
For the 17 most abundant species, we found phenological variability to strongly differ among species, local habitats and study years.
Ubiquitous mobile species were significantly more variable than habitat specialist and sedentary species.
Intra‐specific variability was highest in ubiquitous habitat generalist species and increased during the study period.
As consequence, seasonal appearance and composition of local butterfly communities are now less predictable than decades ago. It remains unclear whether this trend causes a rewiring of pollinator food webs.
Lifestyle, caries, and apical periodontitis: Results from a university‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gaeta Carlo , Malvicini Giulia , Di Lascio Dominga , Martignoni Marco , Ragucci Gabriele , Grandini Simone , Marruganti Crystal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimLifestyle factors significantly influence the development of inflammatory diseases, and emerging evidence suggests they may also impact oral health. However, no studies have explored their role in apical periodontitis (AP) amongst adults. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity, perceived stress, and sleep quality with the periapical and caries status in a university‐based cohort.MethodologyA total of 149 periodontally healthy patients were included in the study. Clinical assessments and radiographic examinations [Orthopantomography (opt) and periapical radiographs] were conducted to evaluate the periapical status. Data on their periapical index (PAI) score and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index were recorded. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate patient's lifestyles. A final logistic regression model was performed for the multivariable analysis to evaluate the predictive ability of adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle on the presence of AP; other local, systemic and environmental factors were included as independent factors in the model.ResultsSignificant associations were observed between AP and high/low adherence to the MD (p = .00), high/low‐moderate physical activity (p = .00), high/low sleep quality (p = .00) and high/low perceived stress (p = .00). The final multivariable regression model showed that low adherence to MD (OR = 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–10.83; p = . 01) and reduced sleep quality (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.42–6.50; p = .00) were identified as potential risk factors for AP development. On the other hand, the DMFT index showed no significant association with lifestyle factors (OR = 1.0; CI: 1.01–1.14; p = .02) but was correlated with the development of AP (OR = 1.07; CI: 1.01–1.14; p = .02).ConclusionResults from the present study suggest a potential association between low adherence to MD and reduced sleep quality with the development of AP. Individuals with low adherence to MD and inadequate sleep quality faced respectively 4‐fold and 3‐fold increased odds of developing periapical lesions. Further research is essential to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying these associations and to determine whether lifestyle adjustments could improve endodontic success rate.
A single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of human stem cells from apical papilla during the committed differentiation
Authors: Weng Yingying , Xiao Ya , Shi Yijia , Li Na , Wang Jing , Yan Ming , Yu Jinhua , Li Zehan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimHuman stem cells derived from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are recognized for their multilineage differentiation potential and their capacity for functional tooth root regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying odonto/osteogenic differentiation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to conduct an in‐depth analysis of the transcriptional changes associated with chemically induced osteogenesis in SCAPs.MethodologyscRNA‐seq identified SCAPs as distinct subpopulations. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential function of each cluster. Pseudotime trajectory analysis was employed to elucidate the potential differentiation processes of the identified SCAP populations. To investigate the osteo/odontogenic potential of Deiodinase Iodothyronine Type 2 (DIO2) on SCAPs, we performed alkaline phosphatase staining, western blot analysis, Alizarin Red S staining and immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, SCAP components were transplanted into mouse calvarial defects to evaluate osteogenesis in vivo.ResultsThe analysis of cell clusters derived from our scRNA‐seq data revealed a significant shift in cellular composition when cells were cultured in a mineralization induction medium compared to those cultured in a complete medium. Both groups exhibited heterogeneity, with some cells intrinsically predisposed to osteogenesis and others appearing to be primed for proliferative functions. Notably, we identified a subpopulation characterized by high expression of DIO2, which exhibited pronounced osteogenic activity during differentiation.ConclusionsOur study is the first to reveal a shift in the cellular composition of SCAPs when cultured in a mineralization induction medium compared to a complete medium. Following both in vitro and in vivo validation, the DIO2+ subpopulation exhibited the highest transcriptional similarity to osteogenic function, suggesting its potential utility in tissue regeneration applications.
Infants show negative changes in affect and physiology when re‐experiencing a stressor, its context, and a positive event 24‐h later
Authors: Mueller Isabelle , Snidman Nancy , DiCorcia Jennifer A. , Tronick Ed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExposure to early life stress shapes further development, affects later stress reactivity, and mental health outcomes. Despite the central role of early experiences, there is little understanding of how these rapidly forgotten events gain their influence. An infant's ability to cope with everyday stressors is founded on successful co‐regulation through mother‐infant interaction. A significant disruption of this interaction through the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face paradigm elicits a well‐documented behavioral and physiological stress response in infants. What has yet to be explored is whether infants show regulatory adaptions when encountering the situation over again. To fill this gap, 80 mother‐infant dyads were observed in the lab on two consecutive days. Infants in the experimental condition (n = 40) were exposed to a double Still‐Face paradigm on day one. Infants in the control group (n = 40) completed time‐matched episodes of typical play during their first visit. Mother‐infant dyads from both groups returned to the lab 24 h later and participated in the double Still‐Face paradigm. Changes in behavior (positive and negative affect), physiology (heart rate), and salivary cortisol, compared to day one and between groups, were evaluated and used to infer adaption to the previous experienced laboratory visit. Infants in the experimental condition showed a significant decrease in positive affect (p = 0.016) and an increase in heart rate (p < 0.001) on day two, compared to controls, even during baseline measures and a neutral first play episode. Infants in the control condition showed a significant decrease in affect (p = 0.05) and non‐significant increase in heart rate on day two when first encountering the Still‐Face paradigm. Infants in the experimental condition showed significant higher heart rate on day two compared to the control group (p = 0.046). Infants in the experimental condition also exhibited a marginally significant increase in salivary cortisol on day two, compared to day one (p = 0.054). The change in infant heart rate was independent of maternal heart rate which did not differ between day one and day two, or between groups. Findings suggest that a previous stressful experience may elicit a behavioral and physiological adaption in infants 24 h later. Our results suggest that even a short, acute stressful event can elicit a lasting stress response in infants 24 h later. The effect we observed was specific to the context of the stressful event, not just the stressor. More precisely, the effect “spilled over” from the stressful experience on day one into the baseline measure of day two, usually a neutral experience. The results could have implications for further research on how stressful experiences may shape the stress response.
Monocarboluminate: Sorption dependence of thermal, elastic, and transport properties
Authors: Honorio Tulio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonocarboaluminate is the major phase in calcium aluminate cements and is the main AFm phase in modern cement that incorporates limestone additions, including limestone calcined clay cement. This study reports thermal, elastic, and transport properties of monocarboaluminate obtained from molecular simulations. Properties and structural features are computed as a function of the relative humidity (RH) and water content. Full elastic, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity tensors are provided. Quantum‐corrected estimates are provided for the heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Self‐diffusion of interlayer species is also quantified, accounting for the subdiffusive regime. This work contributes to completing property data for critical phases in cement systems.
Liquidus of SiO2 in the Li2O‐SiO2, Na2O‐SiO2, and K2O‐SiO2 systems
Authors: Lee Jaesung , Lauriano Paloma , Jung In‐Ho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe phase equilibria in the SiO2‐rich region of the Li2O‐, Na2O‐, and K2O‐SiO2 systems at 1550°C to 1650°C were experimentally studied to determine accurate liquidus of SiO2 in the systems. A classical equilibration/quenching method was used, and the equilibrated samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Samples were contained in sealed Pt crucibles and held at the target temperatures for 7–21 days to reach equilibrium condition. Sealed Pt crucibles were employed to avoid the volatile loss of alkali oxides during high temperature phase equilibration and hydration upon quenching. Accurate liquidus of SiO2 in alkali‐silicate systems was determined for the first time, and the results were analyzed using the limiting slope rule in order to understand the dissolution behavior of alkali oxides in SiO2 melt. It was confirmed that alkali oxide dissolves in SiO2 melt by producing Li+, Na+, and K+ cationic species rather than Li22+, Na22+ and K22+ species.