bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative genetic analysis of water deficit tolerance in coriander through physiological traits
Authors: Gholizadeh Amir , Dehghani Hamid , Khodadadi Mostafa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrought stress restricts the production of agricultural crops through morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants. This study explored the genetic control of physiological traits related to drought in coriander. In a diallel analysis, all six parents, their 15 F1hybrids and 15 F2populations were subjected to different irrigation regimes including well-watered, mild and severe water deficit stress. Drought stress decreased the relative chlorophyll content (RCC), the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (TChl) content, carotenoids (Car) and essential oil yield (EOY) in F1and F2generations. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability effects were highly significant for all traits in F1and F2generations. Additive gene action was predominant for Chla, Chlb, TChl and Car under well-watered condition while non-additive gene effects were more important under mild and severe water deficit stresses in F1and F2generations for the above traits. Additive gene effects were more important for RCC, RWC and electrolyte leakage (EL) traits in both F1and F2generations under mild and severe water deficit stresses. In conclusion, the high narrow-sense heritability and significant genetic correlations between EOY and RCC, RWC and EL suggest that these traits can be used as surrogates to identify superior genotypes for arid and semi-arid regions. Also, the parental lines, P4and P6had the best GCA for RCC, RWC, Chla, Chlb, TChl, Car, essential oil content and EOY.
Time‐Dependent Deformations of Sandstone During Pore Fluid Pressure Oscillations: Implications for Natural and Induced Seismicity
Authors: Noël C. , Pimienta L. , Violay M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn tectonically active regions, natural seismicity is often correlated with the seasonal hydrology, suggesting that cyclic loading variations might trigger seismicity. Moreover, recent field observations suggest that cyclic fluid injection strategies into geological reservoirs could produce less seismicity than monotonic injections. Here we present 10 brittle creep laboratory triaxial experiments that bring new constraints on fluid‐rock interactions during cyclic pore fluid variations. The experiments were performed on Fontainebleau sandstone with various pore fluid pressure conditions: (i) with constant pore fluid pressure levels from 1 to 10 MPa, at constant Terzaghi effective pressure (Pc − Pf = 30 MPa); and (ii) with cyclic (sinusoidal) pore fluid pressure oscillations of varying amplitudes (from 0 to 8 MPa) and periods (from 30 to 3,000 s) around a mean value of 5 MPa. During deformation, the rock's mechanical properties and the high‐frequency acoustic emission signals were monitored to investigate the physics underlying the rupture processes. Under macroscopically drained conditions, rather than their amplitude, the period of the oscillations appeared to strongly affect the rock sample strength, time‐to‐failure, and dilatancy behavior. Moreover, even for small variations of pore fluid amplitude, and at all pore fluid pressure period, pore fluid pressure and acoustic emissions were strongly correlated. Our experiments demonstrate that pore fluid pressure oscillations may strongly affect rocks mechanical behavior and associated seismic activity.
Three‐Year Continuous Observation of Pure and Polluted Dust Aerosols Over Northwest China Using the Ground‐Based Lidar and Sun Photometer Data
Authors: Zhang Z. , Huang J. , Chen B. , Yi Y. , Liu J. , Bi J. , Zhou T. , Huang Z. , Chen S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMineral dust is a dominant aerosol type in northwestern China and can mix with other air pollutants during its long‐range transport, playing an important role in Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle on both regional and global scales. In this study, the optical properties of pure dust and polluted dust were compared by using ground‐based lidar and sun photometer data at SACOL (Semi‐Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University) from August 2009 to August 2012. The total attenuated backscattering coefficient at 532 nm, the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) and the color ratio (CR) derived from the L2S‐SM‐II dual‐band polarization lidar and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent from sun photometer data were used to identify pure dust and polluted dust. The results showed that AOD at 440 nm of pure dust was widely distributed within the range of 0.4–1.1 but the AOD of polluted dust was generally less than 0.6. The frequency distribution of VDR showed that the mean value of pure dust was greater than that of polluted dust and the peak values were 0.31 and 0.21, respectively. The frequency distribution of CR showed that the mean value of pure dust was larger than that of polluted dust, and it was mostly pure dust aerosol when color ratio was greater than 0.8. The VDR showed a positive correlation with CR. Using the frequency distribution of VDR, a threshold value of 0.25 was proposed to differentiate pure dust from polluted dust. The rates of misclassification were 20.7% and 18.6% for pure dust and polluted dust, respectively. This work will be helpful for the classification of aerosol types in satellite observations and numerical modeling.
Possible Role for Tectonics in the Evolving Stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Alley R. B. , Pollard D. , Parizek B. R. , Anandakrishnan S. , Pourpoint M. , Stevens N. T. , MacGregor J. A. , Christianson K. , Muto A. , Holschuh N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe history of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been influenced by the geodynamic response to ice sheet fluctuations, and this interaction may help explain past deglaciations under modest climate forcing. We hypothesize that when the Iceland hot spot passed beneath north‐central Greenland, it thinned the lithosphere and left anomalous heat likely with partially melted rock; however, it did not break through the crust to supply voluminous flood basalts. Subsequent Plio‐Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial cycles caused large and rapidly migrating stresses, driving dike formation and other processes that shifted melted rock toward the surface. The resulting increase in surface geothermal flux favored a thinner, faster‐responding ice sheet that was more prone to deglaciation. If this hypothesis of control through changes in geothermal flux is correct, then the long‐term (105 to 106 years) trend now is toward lower geothermal flux, but with higher‐frequency (≤104 to 105 years) oscillations linked to glacial‐interglacial cycles. Whether the geothermal flux is increasing or decreasing now is not known but is of societal relevance due to its possible impact on ice flow. We infer that projections of the future of the ice sheet and its effect on sea level must integrate geologic and geophysical data as well as glaciological, atmospheric, oceanic, and paleoclimatic information.
Prediction of a topological p + ip excitonic insulator with parity anomaly
Authors: Wang Rui , Erten Onur , Wang Baigeng , Xing D. Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExcitonic insulators are insulating states formed by the coherent condensation of electron and hole pairs into BCS-like states. Isotropic spatial wave functions are commonly considered for excitonic condensates since the attractive interaction among the electrons and the holes in semiconductors usually leads to s-wave excitons. Here, we propose a new type of excitonic insulator that exhibits order parameter with p + ip symmetry and is characterized by a chiral Chern number Cc = 1/2. This state displays the parity anomaly, which results in two novel topological properties: fractionalized excitations with e/2 charge at defects and a spontaneous in-plane magnetization. The topological insulator surface state is a promising platform to realize the topological excitonic insulator. With the spin-momentum locking, the interband optical pumping can renormalize the surface electrons and drive the system towards the proposed p + ip instability.
Distortion-stabilized ordered structures in A2BB’O7 mixed pyrochlores
Authors: Pilania Ghanshyam , Puchala Brian , Uberuaga Blas P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPyrochlore oxides (A2B2O7) are interesting for a number of technological applications, including radiation damage tolerance and as ionic conductors. Mixed pyrochlores—containing two A and/or two B site cations—provide even more flexibility for tailoring properties owing to the diverse chemical and configurational degrees of freedom accessible within this chemical space. Here, we examine relative stability of different cation orderings in one model double pyrochlore Gd2(ZrxTi1−x)2O7, as a function of Zr content x. Our results show that, in the presence of some very specific local cation arrangements, certain cation-ordered compositions in this system are highly stabilized as a result of large oxygen relaxation displacements, leading to the formation of an ordered ‘double’ pyrochlore structure. The origins of these anomalous oxygen relaxations are traced back to both the local cation symmetry and a strong chemical preference of Zr atoms towards adopting a 7-fold coordination environment, as opposed to a 6-fold coordination available in a regular pyrochlore structure. Subsequently, we examine the stability of this type of ordering in 131 other pyrochlore compositions. Implications of our findings are discussed in relation to the observed composition-dependent ionic conductivity in these systems and connections with previously reported experimental findings are made.
The effect of temperature, farm density and foot-and-mouth disease restrictions on the 2007 UK bluetongue outbreak
Authors: Turner J. , Jones A. E. , Heath A. E. , Wardeh M. , Caminade C. , Kluiters G. , Bowers R. G. , Morse A. P. , Baylis M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 2006, bluetongue (BT), a disease of ruminants, was introduced into northern Europe for the first time and more than two thousand farms across five countries were affected. In 2007, BT affected more than 35,000 farms in France and Germany alone. By contrast, the UK outbreak beginning in 2007 was relatively small, with only 135 farms in southeast England affected. We use a model to investigate the effects of three factors on the scale of BT outbreaks in the UK: (1) place of introduction; (2) temperature; and (3) animal movement restrictions. Our results suggest that the UK outbreak could have been much larger had the infection been introduced into the west of England either directly or as a result of the movement of infected animals from southeast England before the first case was detected. The fact that air temperatures in the UK in 2007 were marginally lower than average probably contributed to the UK outbreak being relatively small. Finally, our results indicate that BT movement restrictions are effective at controlling the spread of infection. However, foot-and-mouth disease restrictions in place before the detection and control of BT in 2007 almost certainly helped to limit BT spread prior to its detection.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals relationship of three major domesticated varieties of Auricularia auricula-judae
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Wang Liang , Zhang Dongshan , Li Rong , Cheng Tianyou , Zhang Yibi , Liu Xueju , Wong Gary , Tang Yuguo , Wang Hui , Gao Shan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAuricularia auricula-judae is an edible mushroom and a traditional medicine in China as well as the fourth largest cultivated mushroom species in the world. Here for the first time, we present comparative transcriptome analyses of the fruiting bodies of three morphologically distinguishable A. auricula-judae cultivated varieties (Wujin, smooth; Banjin, partially wrinkled; and Quanjin, fully wrinkled) collected from Jilin Province, China. Biological triplicates were performed to determine the expression levels of 13,937 unigenes. Among them, only 13 unigenes were annotated to A. auricula-judae, highlighting the lack of publicly available reference sequences for this economically important species. Principal component analysis (PCA) determined that the gene expression profile of Quanjin was unique when compared to those of Banjin and Wujin. Such relationships were further supported by analyses of annotated and unannotated unigenes, differentially expressed unigenes, gene ontology functions, and the family of peroxidase genes. Using the KEGG database, significant alternations in biological pathways were detected among the three cultivars. This work contributes a large set of A. auricula-judae sequences to public database, establishes the relationships among major cultivars, and provides molecular guidance for breeding and cultivation.
Chemical transformations in monoterpene-derived organic aerosol enhanced by inorganic composition
Authors: Riva M. , Heikkinen L. , Bell D. M. , Peräkylä O. , Zha Q. , Schallhart S. , Rissanen M. P. , Imre D. , Petäjä T. , Thornton J. A. , Zelenyuk A. , Ehn M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to impact both climate and air quality, yet molecular-level composition measurements remain challenging, hampering our understanding of SOA formation and evolution. Here, we reveal the importance of underestimated reaction pathways for the (trans)formation of SOA from monoterpenes, one of the largest SOA precursors globally. Utilizing mass spectrometric techniques to achieve a comprehensive characterization of molecular-level changes in the SOA, we were able to link the appearance of high-molecular weight (HMW) organic molecules to the concentration and level of neutralization of particulate sulfate. Interestingly, this oligomerization coincided with a decrease of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs). Our findings highlight the role of particle-phase processing, and the underestimated importance of sulfate aerosol for monoterpene-SOA formation. The observations of these processes directly in the atmosphere reveal the need to account for the formation of HMW oligomers to fully understand the physicochemical properties of organic aerosol.
Regulation of RNA editing by RNA-binding proteins in human cells
Authors: Quinones-Valdez Giovanni , Tran Stephen S. , Jun Hyun-Ik , Bahn Jae Hoon , Yang Ei-Wen , Zhan Lijun , Brümmer Anneke , Wei Xintao , Van Nostrand Eric L. , Pratt Gabriel A. , Yeo Gene W. , Graveley Brenton R. , Xiao Xinshu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, mediated by the ADAR enzymes, diversifies the transcriptome by altering RNA sequences. Recent studies reported global changes in RNA editing in disease and development. Such widespread editing variations necessitate an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing. Here, we study the roles of >200 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in mediating RNA editing in two human cell lines. Using RNA-sequencing and global protein-RNA binding data, we identify a number of RBPs as key regulators of A-to-I editing. These RBPs, such as TDP-43, DROSHA, NF45/90 and Ro60, mediate editing through various mechanisms including regulation ofADAR1expression, interaction with ADAR1, and binding to Alu elements. We highlight that editing regulation by Ro60 is consistent with the global up-regulation of RNA editing in systemic lupus erythematosus. Additionally, most key editing regulators act in a cell type-specific manner. Together, our work provides insights for the regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing.
Experimental confirmation of the standard magnetorotational instability mechanism with a spring-mass analogue
Authors: Hung Derek M. H. , Blackman Eric G. , Caspary Kyle J. , Gilson Erik P. , Ji Hantao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe magnetorotational instability (MRI) has long been considered a plausibly ubiquitous mechanism to destabilize otherwise stable Keplerian flows to support radially outward transport of angular momentum. Such an efficient transport process would allow fast accretion in astrophysical objects such as stars and black holes to release copious kinetic energy that powers many of the most luminous sources in the universe. But the standard MRI under a purely vertical magnetic field has heretofore never been directly measured despite numerous efforts over more than a decade. Here we report an unambiguous laboratory demonstration of the spring-mass analogue to the standard MRI by comparing motion of a spring-tethered ball within different rotating flows. The experiment corroborates the theory: efficient outward angular momentum transport manifests only for cases with a weak spring in quasi-Keperian flow. Our experimental method accomplishes this in a new way, thereby connecting solid and fluid mechanics to plasma astrophysics.
Electrolyte transport in the renal collecting duct and its regulation by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Authors: Yamazaki Osamu , Ishizawa Kenichi , Hirohama Daigoro , Fujita Toshiro , Shibata Shigeru 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Distal nephron of the kidney plays key roles in fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis by tightly regulating reabsorption and excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl−. Studies to date demonstrate the detailed electrolyte transport mechanisms in principal cells of the cortical collecting duct, and their regulation by renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). In recent years, however, accumulating data indicate that intercalated cells, another cell type that is present in the cortical collecting duct, also play active roles in the regulation of blood pressure. Notably, pendrin in β-intercalated cells not only controls acid/base homeostasis, but is also one of the key components controlling salt and K+ transport in distal nephron. We have recently shown that pendrin is regulated by the co-ordinated action of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone, and at the downstream of AngII, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates pendrin through inhibiting the kinase unc51-like-kinase 1 and promoting dephosphorylation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the current knowledge on the salt transport mechanisms in the cortical collecting duct, and their regulation by the RAAS.
Cu–Co bimetallic nanospheres embedded in graphene as excellent anode catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Sun Wei , Fei Fan , Zheng Jianbo , Mao Guanghua , Wei Wei , Xie Jimin 
Published: January 2019

In this work, novel Cu–Co bimetal/reduce graphene oxide nanostructures with excellent catalytic activity were prepared by embedding Cu–Co bimetallic nanospheres into the interlayer of graphene. The composite materials were characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. The characterisation results indicated that the diameters of the bimetallic nanospheres were controlled within ∼60 nm, which embedded uniformly in graphene. A series of electrochemical tests were carried out and the composites were found to exhibit excellent oxygen evolution properties under alkaline conditions. The excellent catalytic activity and stability make the composite have great potential for wide application and provide a basis for its industrial application.
The embedding challenge
Authors: Moore Tim , Ballantyne Glenda , McIntosh Craig 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a consensus nowadays that the best way to develop students’ academic literacy abilities is within the context of their studies in the disciplines, an approach known as ‘curriculum embedding’. But despite the demonstrable value of this approach, surveys of the field in Australia suggest there has been only limited success over the years in integrating embedding pedagogies into university courses. In the light of this halting progress, there is a need to constantly document initiatives in this area, both to affirm the principles upon which embedding is founded, as well as to show how these principles can be given practical effect on programs. This paper provides an account of one such initiative – a collaborative project between Sociology academics and an academic literacy specialist. The key motif on the project was how the notions of ‘theory’ and ‘critique’ could be made comprehensible to students in the particular disciplinary context they were working in. We also show that an essential element of such programs is developing a common language by which pertinent issues can be explored, both among academics and with students.
Knowledge building
Authors: Drury Helen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSuccessful research and teaching of discipline genres is based on collaboration among language and learning specialists with expertise in applied linguistics, and subject area specialists with expertise in the knowledge and communication practices of their disciplines. These interdisciplinary collaborations involve experts coming together around an area of shared interest in a community of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991), where members are committed to building relationships to learn from each other, and in this process build new knowledge (Scardamalia & Bereiter, 2006). This paper aims to identify the kinds of knowledge building negotiations involving a team of discipline staff, academic literacy specialists, and e-learning specialists as they collaborate in the design of online learning materials to support students in writing the laboratory report genre in the discipline of physiology. The data consist of recordings of team members’ spoken interactions, with or without other artefacts, such as storyboards, over a period of nine months as the design for the website evolved. Initial discourse analysis of transcripts, based on the metafunctions from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) (Halliday, 1985a), is used to identify phases where the emphasis is on the negotiation of ideational, or content meanings, enabled by interpersonal and textual meanings. A sample of these phases is then analysed in detail using exchange structure (Martin, 1992) to identify possible genres which build new knowledge and embody it in the online resources.
Investigating the apology strategies of Saudi learners of English
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study examines the apologetic behavior of Saudi learners of English in a foreign language learning context. The study also investigates the influence of language exposure, gender, distance and dominance on the learners’ apologies. To this end, a Discourse Completion Test was completed by (1) 411 Saudi learners of English, (2) 42 native speakers of Saudi Arabic and (3) 47 native speakers of English. The groups of native speakers provided the norms of apologetic behavior in the learners’ first (L1) and second (L2) languages. The results showed the Saudi participants’ preference for face-saving strategies to both the speaker and hearer, and a positive influence for increased L2 exposure on the learners’ pragmatic competence. The variables of gender, distance and dominance also proved influential but to varying degrees. The results are interpreted in light of the existing literature and theoretical models. Pedagogical implications and research directions are proposed.