bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric and rheological study of the molecular dynamics during the cure of an epoxy resin
Authors: Chaloupka Alexander , Pflock Tobias , Horny Robert , Rudolph Natalie , Horn Siegfried R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTComposite manufacturing is currently one of the most challenging processes for industrial lightweight applications. To date, the process conditions for polymer‐based composite manufacturing are evaluated by laboratory measurements: usually, the flow behavior and the curing of the polymer matrix material are characterized by rheology and quality assurance is performed by thermo‐physical analysis in postprocess measurements. In contrast a dielectric in‐mold sensor offers the possibility to measure the real‐time behavior of the polymer during processing. This study focuses on the correlation of simultaneous rheological and dielectric measurements on Hexcel RTM6 using a coupled setup of both techniques. For dielectric measurements a reusable in‐mold sensor was used and a calibration, taking into account the cable response, was performed. The results show good agreement with respect to glass‐transition temperature and the gel‐point. This can be understood by the fluctuation–dissipation theorem that explicitly relates molecular dynamics to the macromolecular mechanical properties under dynamic time‐dependent load. Furthermore, it was found that the dynamic viscosity can directly be related to the electrical conductivity. This proves the high potential of dielectric analysis as online‐capable technique for material characterization during composite manufacturing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2018,56, 907–913
Relationship between individual and family characteristics and psychosocial factors in persons with familial pancreatic cancer
Authors: Underhill Meghan , Hong Fangxin , Lawrence Janette , Blonquist Traci , Syngal Sapna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveDescribe relationships between self‐reported personal demographics or familial characteristics and psychosocial outcomes (Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Global Health, Impact of Event Scale‐Revised [pancreatic cancer risk–related distress], cancer risk perception, and cancer worry) in participants with inherited or familial pancreatic cancer risk.MethodsA multisite cross sectional survey of adults with elevated pancreatic cancer risk based on family history. All variables were summarized with descriptive statistics. To assess univariate associations, t test and chi‐square/Fisher's exact test were used, and backward model selection was used in multivariable analysis.ResultsRespondents (N = 132) reported moderate to high frequency of cancer worry and 59.3% perceived a 50% or more perceived lifetime risk for pancreatic cancer, which far exceeds objective risk estimates. Cancer worry was associated with female gender (P = .03) and pancreatic cancer risk specific distress (P = .05). Higher‐risk perception was associated with having a high school education or less (P = .001), higher distress (P = .02), and cancer worry (P = .008) and family cancer death experience (P = .02). Higher distress was associated with experience as a caregiver to a seriously ill family member in the past 5 years (P = .006).ConclusionsIndividuals with inherited or familial pancreatic cancer risk experience cancer worry, distress, and have increased risk perception, particularly in the period following caring for a loved one with cancer. Routine evaluation of distress in this setting, as well as the development of supportive care resources, will help support patients living with risk for pancreatic cancer.
An ecological perspective on managing weeds during the great selection for herbicide resistance
Authors: Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Davis Adam S 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMore than 70 years after modern agriculture declared a ‘war on weeds’, they continue to thrive and suppress crop yields. Viewing weeds as an enemy that can be defeated if only a powerful enough technology can be deployed is a losing proposition. The latest evidence for the inadequacy of this approach, rampant evolution of multiple herbicide‐resistant weed genotypes and dwindling options for chemical control in many production systems, should be seen as an urgent message to all those concerned with the science and practice of weed management: we need another way of thinking about the weed resistance issue. Fortunately, the theoretical and practical foundation of this alternative approach, ecological weed management, has been in development for decades. Here, we use Barry Commoner's laws of ecology as a conceptual frame for a review of some of the fundamental concepts of ecological weed management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of the acid‐induced degradation products of omeprazole and 5‐hydroxyomeprazole by high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Roberts Joanne , McNaughtan Moyra L. , MacLachlan John , Hunter Colin , Pahl Ole 
Published: March 2018

RationaleOmeprazole is used to treat gastric disorders and is one of the most commonly consumed drugs in the western world. It forms several metabolites but is mostly excreted unchanged and as 5‐hydroxyomeprazole. Since omeprazole is widely prescribed, its excretion from the body has a potential environmental effect. After excretion it will enter the wastewater system and if not adequately removed during wastewater treatment will be discharged into rivers in the wastewater effluent. It is important to consider not only the parent drug, but also the main metabolite (5‐hydroxyomeprazole) and their degradation products to fully understand the fate of this drug during wastewater treatment. In order to do this potential degradation products need to be determined.MethodsAcid was used to artificially accelerate the degradation of omeprazole and 5‐hydroxyomeprazole. A Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionisation source was used to determine precursor and product ion data for the degradation products.ResultsBoth starting materials quickly degrade under acidic conditions and the main degradation product formed in each case was a re‐arranged monomer. Other species identified were doubly and singly charged dimers with varying numbers of sulphur atoms in the dimer bridge. Careful inspection of the accurate mass, isotope pattern, isotope abundance and product ion spectra was used to interpret the data.ConclusionsThe resultant degradants from omeprazole and 5‐hydroxyomeprazole were analogous to each other, differing only by an oxygen atom. This investigation determined the degradation products of omeprazole and 5‐hydroxyomeprazole and proposed structures based on the accurate mass and isotope information. The product ions from the degradation products are also reported.
Clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology treatment by using a self‐injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin as the final maturation trigger
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Oba Midori , Ehara Kaori , Ishigaki Nozomi , Ino Nao , Itakura Akiko , Tsutsumi Ryo , Nakao Katsuki , Ojiro Yuko , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of self‐injections of the prefilled recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (r‐hCG) in a syringe in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment for the maturation trigger (MT), as compared to self‐injections of conventional hCG and intranasal administration of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a).MethodsBetween January and April, 2017, 396 patients who underwent oocyte retrieval were recruited. Of these, 396 patients were classified into three groups, according to the types of MT: (1) the urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (u‐hCG) group that consisted of patients who had a self‐injection of u‐hCG (n = 127); (2) the GnRH‐a group that received nasal administration of GnRH‐a (n = 159); and (3) the r‐hCG group that had a self‐injection of r‐hCG (n = 110). Several ART outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe mature oocyte retrieval rate was not different between the u‐hCG, r‐hCG, and GnRH‐a groups and the fertilization and cleavage rates were similar between the three groups. The clinical pregnancy rates did not significantly differ between the GnRH‐a group and the u‐hCG group; however, it was significantly lower in the GnRH‐a group, compared to the r‐hCG group. No difference was observed in the incidence of moderate or more severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome among the three groups.ConclusionThe self‐injection of the prefilled r‐hCG is a favorable MT for ART patients.
Robust adaptive attitude control for flexible spacecraft in the presence of SGCMG friction nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhong Chenxing , Guo Yu , Wu Yifei , Guo Jian 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates attitude maneuver control issues of a flexible spacecraft with pyramid‐type single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes (SGCMGs) as the actuator. The LuGre friction model is adopted to precisely describe the nonlinearity of the SGCMG gimbal friction. Aiming at restraining the adverse effects of the friction existed in SGCMG on the attitude control performance, a robust adaptive attitude controller is proposed, and projection‐based adaptive laws are presented to estimate the friction parametric uncertainties and the bound of friction nonlinearity. By treating the flexible mode coupling effect and external disturbances as lump disturbances, the inertia uncertainties and the bound of the lump disturbances are also estimated and compensated simultaneously to reduce their adverse effect on the system. With the Lyapunov technique, the states of flexible spacecraft control system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Convenient extraction method for quantification of thin zinc patina layers
Authors: Saarimaa Ville , Kaleva Aaretti , Paunikallio Teemu , Nikkanen Juha‐Pekka , Heinonen Saara , Levänen Erkki , Väisänen Pasi , Markkula Antti 
Published: March 2018

Synthetic zinc patina was grown on galvanized steel sheets in supercritical carbon dioxide atmosphere. Different patina compounds were dissolved and quantified using a stepwise immersion and dissolution procedure. The distinct patina components, namely anhydrous zinc carbonate (a dense layer adjacent to metallic zinc) and zinc hydroxy carbonate (nanowires on the surface), were dissolved in glycine solutions, followed by quantification of Zn2+ in the solutes by X‐ray fluorescence. The zinc hydroxy carbonate nanowires were readily glycine soluble, and the anhydrous zinc carbonate showed scarce glycine solubility, which enabled their selective quantification. The amount of the remaining (anhydrous) zinc carbonate after glycine extraction was determined from the glycine‐soluble zinc oxide after calcination (heat treatment for 10 minutes at 350°C). The results were verified by scanning electron microscopy imaging and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements.
Surface changes of yttria‐stabilized zirconia in water and Hanks solution characterized using XPS
Authors: Oishi M. , Tsutsumi Y. , Chen P. , Ashida M. , Doi H. , Hanawa T. 
Published: March 2018

Adhesion of soft and hard tissues to yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been reported, despite its chemical inertness. To investigate the underlying mechanism of adhesion of hard and soft tissues to YSZ in dental implants, YSZ disks with (100), (110), and (111) crystalline planes were immersed in water for 60 days and in Hanks solution for 7 days, and the changes in the surface chemical states were characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After immersion in water for 60 days, the concentration of hydroxyl groups on the YSZ surface increased. Therefore, the surface of YSZ was hydrated during immersion in water. In addition, phosphate groups were formed on the surface of YSZ immersed in Hanks solution. We conclude that the formation of phosphate on the YSZ surface in physiological conditions can promote reaction with the surrounding tissues.
Hydroxyhydroquinone impairs fat utilization in mice by reducing nitric oxide availability
Authors: Ishida Keiko , Misawa Koichi , Yamamoto Masaki , Shimotoyodome Akira 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Habitual consumption of chlorogenic acid compounds (CGAs) from coffee increases fat catabolism and reduces body fat; however, the contribution of roasted coffee remains unclear. Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) impairs the vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects of CGAs by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Since HHQ also reduces fat catabolism, we hypothesized that HHQ does so by decreasing NO availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of HHQ on energy metabolism in KKAy mice. In HHQ-treated mice, fat oxidation was significantly low and dose-dependent, serum and urinary hydrogen peroxide were high, and plasma NO metabolites and S-nitrosylated liver proteins were low. In HHQ-treated mouse hepatocytes, the palmitate-induced increase in cellular oxygen consumption was negatively affected, and HHQ or L-NAME reduced cellular fatty acid utilization. In conclusion, HHQ can impair fat utilization by reducing NO availability in mice. Protein S-nitrosylation reduction in liver cells after HHQ consumption may be associated with impaired fatty acid oxidation.
On the limiting Stokes wave of extreme height in arbitrary water depth
Authors: Zhong Xiaoxu , Liao Shijun 
Published: March 2018

Both Schwartz (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 62 (3), 1974, pp. 553–578) and Cokelet (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., vol. 286 (1335), 1977, pp. 183–230) failed to gain convergent results for limiting Stokes waves in extremely shallow water by means of perturbation methods, even with the aid of extrapolation techniques such as the Padé approximant. In particular, it is extremely difficult for traditional analytic/numerical approaches to present the wave profile of limiting waves with a sharp crest of$120^{\circ }$included angle first mentioned by Stokes in the 1880s. Thus, traditionally, different wave models are used for waves in different water depths. In this paper, by means of the homotopy analysis method (HAM), an analytic approximation method for highly nonlinear equations, we successfully gain convergent results (and especially the wave profiles) of the limiting Stokes waves with this kind of sharp crest in arbitrary water depth, even including solitary waves of extreme form in extremely shallow water, without using any extrapolation techniques. Therefore, in the frame of the HAM, the Stokes wave can be used as a unified theory for all kinds of waves, including periodic waves in deep and intermediate depths, cnoidal waves in shallow water and solitary waves in extremely shallow water.
Introduction of iodised salt benefits infants’ mental development in a community-based cluster-randomised effectiveness trial in Ethiopia
Authors: Bougma Karim , Aboud Frances E. , Lemma Tizita M. , Frongillo Edward A. , Marquis Grace S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of salt iodisation in improving the mental development of young children has not been assessed. We implemented a community-based cluster-randomised effectiveness trial in sixty randomly selected districts in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. We randomly allocated each district to treatment and randomly selected one of its villages. In parallel to national salt iodisation efforts, iodised salt was brought early into the markets of the thirty intervention villages before it became widely available in the thirty control villages 4–6 months later. The primary outcome was children’s mental development scores on the Bayley Scales. This was an intention-to-treat analysis using mixed linear models adjusted for covariates and clusters. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT013496. We assessed 1835 infants aged 5–11 months at baseline. The same children (85 % of the sample) were re-assessed at 20–29 months when all villages had iodised salt. At endline, urinary iodine concentration was higher in children in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (median 228·0v. 155·1 µg/l,P=0·001). The intervention group had higher scores compared with the control group on the Bayley composite score (raw scores:130·60v. 128·51; standardised scores: 27·8v. 26·9;d=0·13; 95 % CI 0·02, 0·23) and three of the four subscales: cognitive (53·27v. 52·54,d=0·13; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·23), receptive language (20·71v. 20·18,d=0·13; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·24) and fine motor (35·45v. 34·94,d=0·15; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·25). The introduction of iodised salt contributes to children’s higher urinary iodine concentration and mental development.
Changing to a vegetarian diet reduces the body creatine pool in omnivorous women, but appears not to affect carnitine and carnosine homeostasis: a randomised trial
Authors: Blancquaert Laura , Baguet Audrey , Bex Tine , Volkaert Anneke , Everaert Inge , Delanghe Joris , Petrovic Mirko , Vervaet Chris , De Henauw Stefaan , Constantin-Teodosiu Dumitru , Greenhaff Paul , Derave Wim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBalanced vegetarian diets are popular, although they are nearly absent in creatine and carnosine and contain considerably less carnitine than non-vegetarian diets. Few longitudinal intervention studies investigating the effect of a vegetarian diet on the availability of these compounds currently exist. We aimed to investigate the effect of transiently switching omnivores onto a vegetarian diet for 6 months on muscle and plasma creatine, carnitine and carnosine homeostasis. In a 6-month intervention, forty omnivorous women were ascribed to three groups: continued omnivorous diet (control,n10), vegetarian diet without supplementation (Veg+Pla,n15) and vegetarian diet combined with dailyβ-alanine (0·8–0·4 g/d) and creatine supplementation (1 g creatine monohydrate/d) (Veg+Suppl,n15). Before (0 months; 0M), after 3 months (3M) and 6 months (6M), a fasted venous blood sample and 24-h urine was collected, and muscle carnosine content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Muscle biopsies were obtained at 0M and 3M. Plasma creatine and muscle total creatine content declined from 0M to 3M in Veg+Pla (P=0·013 andP=0·009, respectively), whereas plasma creatine increased from 0M in Veg+Suppl (P=0·004). None of the carnitine-related compounds in plasma or muscle showed a significant time×group interaction effect.1H-MRS-determined muscle carnosine content was unchanged over 6M in control and Veg+Pla, but increased in Veg+Suppl in soleus (P<0·001) and gastrocnemius (P=0·001) muscle. To conclude, the body creatine pool declined over a 3-month vegetarian diet in omnivorous women, which was ameliorated when accompanied by low-dose dietary creatine supplementation. Carnitine and carnosine homeostasis was unaffected by a 3- or 6-month vegetarian diet, respectively.
Psychotic-like experiences with cannabis use predict cannabis cessation and desire to quit: a cannabis discontinuation hypothesis
Authors: Sami Musa , Notley Caitlin , Kouimtsidis Christos , Lynskey Michael , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that cannabis-induced psychotic-like experiences may be a marker of psychosis proneness. The effect of such experiences on cannabis use has not systematically been examined.MethodsWe undertook a mixed-methods online survey of 1231 cannabis users (including 926 continued users) using the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire. We examined the effect of psychotic-like and pleasurable experiences on cessation of cannabis and intention to quit. Socio-demographic variables, cannabis use parameters and substance misuse history were included as covariates. Free-text data explored subjective reasons for changes in use.ResultsCessation of cannabis use was associated with greater psychotic-like experiences [p < 0.001, Exp(B) 1.262, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.179–1.351], whilst continued cannabis users were more likely to report pleasurable experiences [p < 0.001, Exp(B) 0.717, 95% CI 0.662–0.776]. Intention to quit cannabis in continued users was associated with greater psychotic-like experiences [p < 0.003, Exp(B) 1.131, 95% CI 1.044–1.225], whilst intention to not quit was significantly associated with increased pleasurable experiences [p < 0.015, Exp(B) 0.892, 95% CI 0.814–0.978]. Whereas former users clearly ascribed cessation to negative experiences, continued users who expressed intention to quit less readily ascribed the intention to negative experiences.ConclusionsElucidation of psychotic-like experiences may form the basis of a therapeutic intervention for those who wish to quit. Cessation in those with cannabis-induced psychotomimetic experiences may offset the risk for the development of a psychotic disorder, in this higher risk group.
Impact of postoperative intravaginal brachytherapy on survival for patients with intermediate-risk cervical cancer at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdelgeleel Shaimaa , Mahmoud Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is considered to be the fourth most frequent cancer among women. Postoperative treatment is indicated depending up on surgical findings and disease stage.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the long-term postoperative outcomes of cervical cancer patients with intermediate risk factors who have received pelvic external beam radiotherapy with or without vaginal brachytherapy, and treatment-related toxicities.Patients and methodsIn this retrospective study, the records were collected for all patients with cervical cancer who received postoperative radiotherapy at the National Cancer Institute between the years 2008 and 2013. The end points of the study were local control, progression-free survival, overall survival (OS) and delayed complications.ResultsOut of 248 patients, the median age of patients who did not receive brachytherapy was 53 years and the median age of patients who received brachytherapy was 52 years. A statistically significant difference was found in OS, progression-free survival and recurrence-free survival for those who received brachytherapy, with a p value<0·001, 0·01 and 0·004, respectively.ConclusionThe addition of brachytherapy to postoperative external beam radiotherapy improves OS, progression-free survival and local control for patients with intermediate-risk cervical cancer.
Genome-wide identification of natural RNA aptamers in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Authors: Tapsin Sidika , Sun Miao , Shen Yang , Zhang Huibin , Lim Xin Ni , Susanto Teodorus Theo , Yang Siwy Ling , Zeng Gui Sheng , Lee Jasmine , Lezhava Alexander , Ang Ee Lui , Zhang Lian Hui , Wang Yue , Zhao Huimin , Nagarajan Niranjan , Wan Yue 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRNAs are well-suited to act as cellular sensors that detect and respond to metabolite changes in the environment, due to their ability to fold into complex structures. Here, we introduce a genome-wide strategy called PARCEL that experimentally identifies RNA aptamers in vitro, in a high-throughput manner. By applying PARCEL to a collection of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, we have revealed 58 new RNA aptamers to three key metabolites, greatly expanding the list of natural RNA aptamers. The newly identified RNA aptamers exhibit significant sequence conservation, are highly structured and show an unexpected prevalence in coding regions. We identified a prokaryotic precursor tmRNA that binds vitamin B2 (FMN) to facilitate its maturation, as well as eukaryotic mRNAs that bind and respond to FMN, suggesting FMN as the second RNA-binding ligand to affect eukaryotic expression. PARCEL results show that RNA-based sensing and gene regulation is more widespread than previously appreciated in different organisms.