bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global sourcing, productivity and export intensity
Authors: Bandick Roger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of global sourcing on firm performances by using data on Danish manufacturing firms during the period 1995–2006. The results show that firms with better ex‐ante characteristics are more inclined to source intermediate inputs from abroad. The results also show that firms that source from different locations possess different ex‐ante characteristics; the most productive source inputs from high‐wage countries while capital stock and being an exporter are more important factors when sourcing from low‐wage countries. Moreover, controlling for the endogeneity of both the sourcing decision and location by using instrument variable and DiD matching approach, the results seem also to suggest that firms that source inputs from high‐wage countries benefited from doing so in terms of higher growth of productivity and export intensity. Firms that source inputs from low‐wage countries, on the other hand, seem not to have experienced any significant impact on neither productivity nor export, not even three years after they started to source inputs from these countries.
The emergence of regional business cycle in Africa—a reality or myth? A Bayesian dynamic factor model analysis
Authors: Omoshoro‐Jones Oyeyinka S. , Bonga‐Bonga Lumengo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the evolution and the underlying forces of the business cycle co‐movements among seven African (A‐7) countries over the period 1970–2016. These countries accounted for over 60% of regional GDP, have abundant natural resources, access to the global capital market and widely viewed as potential drivers of regional (or “African”) business cycle. We model the national business cycle using real output, consumption and investment. We employ a dynamic factor model to decompose fluctuations in these macro‐variables into a regional, country‐specific and idiosyncratic components using Bayesian methods. We also analyse the relative importance of some notable drivers of business cycle fluctuations found in the literature. We find that the idiosyncratic component is dominating cyclical fluctuations in the A‐7 countries, while country‐specific and regional factors play a negligible role suggesting the inexistence of a common regional cycle despite deepening intra‐African trade. Among the driving variables, the terms‐of‐trade shocks exert greater influence on the A‐7 business cycle, while exchange rate movements and changes in money supply explain sizeable fluctuations in consumption and investment in most of the A‐7 countries. Shocks associated with changes in relative domestic oil prices, monetary and fiscal policies cause large output fluctuations.
Near‐infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography for intraoperative visualization of tumors
Authors: Holt David , Singhal Sunil , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurgical excision is the foundation of treatment for early‐stage solid tumors in man and companion animals. Complete excision with appropriate margins of surrounding tumor‐free tissue is crucial to survival. Intraoperative imaging allows real‐time visualization of tumors, assessment of surgical margins, and, potentially, lymph nodes and satellite metastatic lesions, allowing surgeons to perform complete tumor resections while sparing surrounding vital anatomic structures. This Review will focus on the use of near‐infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography for intraoperative tumor visualization.
Localisation of PGK1 determines metabolic phenotype to balance metastasis and proliferation in patients with SMAD4-negative pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liang Chen , Shi Si , Qin Yi , Meng Qingcai , Hua Jie , Hu Qiangshen , Ji Shunrong , Zhang Bo , Xu Jin , Yu Xian-Jun 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive type of GI tumour, and it possesses deregulated cellular energetics. Although recent advances in PDAC biology have led to the discovery of recurrent genetic mutations inKras,TP53andSMAD4, which are related to this disease, clinical application of the molecular phenotype of PDAC remains challenging.DesignWe combined molecular imaging technology (positron emission tomography/CT) and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the correlation between the maximum standardised uptake value and SMAD4 expression and examined the effect of SMAD4 on glycolysis through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we identified the effect of SMAD4 on metabolic reprogramming by metabolomics and glucose metabolism gene expression analyses. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to identify whether SMAD4 functioned as a transcription factor for phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) in PDAC cells. Proliferative and metastatic assays were performed to examine the effect of PGK1 on the malignant behaviour of PDAC.ResultsWe provide compelling evidence that the glycolytic enzyme PGK1 is repressed by transforming growth factor-β/SMAD4. Loss of SMAD4 induces PGK1 upregulation in PDAC, which enhances glycolysis and aggressive tumour behaviour. Notably, in SMAD4-negative PDAC, nuclear PGK1 preferentially drives cell metastasis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induction, whereas cytoplasmic PGK1 preferentially supports proliferation by functioning as a glycolytic enzyme. The PDAC progression pattern and distinct PGK1 localisation combine to predict overall survival and disease-free survival.ConclusionPGK1 is a decisive oncogene in patients with SMAD4-negative PDAC and can be a target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for SMAD4-negative PDAC.
Acellular mucin in pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal origin: what is adequate sampling for histopathology?
Authors: Al-Azzawi Marwa , Misdraji Joseph , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F , Shia Jinru , Taggart Melissa W , Yantiss Rhonda K , Svrcek Magali , Carr Norman 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionAcellular intra-abdominal mucin is associated with a favourable prognosis in pseudomyxoma peritonei. There are no current guidelines on how many blocks are needed to classify the mucin as acellular with confidence.MethodsSpecimens from cytoreductive surgery for mucinous appendiceal neoplasia, in which acellular mucin was found on initial histopathological examination, were prospectively identified. Additional tissue blocks were then taken to include either all residual visible intra-abdominal mucin or a maximum of 30 blocks. We also sent a questionnaire to pathologists in other centres.ResultsTwelve patients were identified. In two cases, neoplastic epithelial cells were found on taking additional blocks. The questionnaire results suggested considerable variation in block-taking practice.ConclusionTaking additional tissue identified neoplastic cells in 2 of 12 cases. We recommend that sampling additional material should be considered when only acellular mucin is found on initial histology. Further work to determine the optimum sampling protocol is indicated.
Parental occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust in relation to childhood leukaemia and central nervous system cancers: a register-based nested case-control study in Denmark 1968–2016
Authors: Volk Julie , Heck Julia E , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Hansen Johnni 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesUsing nationwide register data, we investigated the association between maternal and paternal perinatal employment in industries with exposure to diesel engine exhaust and risk of leukaemia and central nervous system (CNS) cancers, including certain subtypes.MethodsChildren aged≤19 years and diagnosed with childhood cancer from 1968 to 2016 were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry and 25 randomly selected cancer-free controls per case were matched by age and sex. Parents were identified in the Danish Civil Registration System and employment histories were retrieved from a nationwide mandatory pension fund. The probability of exposure to diesel engine exhaust was assessed using a validated job exposure matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used for estimation of ORs, including their 95% CIs.ResultsMaternal employment in industries with diesel engine exhaust exposure was associated with an increased risk of CNS cancers (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.74) and of astrocytoma (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.14) in offspring. The highest OR for these cancers were seen for mothers with highest probability of exposure to diesel engine exhaust. For fathers, ORs for cancers under study were close to one. No increased risks of leukaemias were found for either mothers or fathers employed in diesel industries.ConclusionsRisks were increased for CNS and astrocytoma for maternal employment in industries with diesel engine exhaust.
Development of a tobacco 21 policy assessment tool and state-level analysis in the USA, 2015–2019
Authors: D Dobbs Page , Chadwick Ginny , W Ungar Katherine , M Dunlap Chris , White Katherine A , Kelly Michael CT , K Cheney Marshall 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivePolicies raising the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) of tobacco products to 21 are commonly referred to as tobacco 21. This study sought to identify components of tobacco 21 policies and develop an instrument to examine policy language within 16 state laws adopted by July 2019.MethodsThe multistage tool development process began with a review of established literature and existing tobacco 21 policies. In a series of meetings, tobacco control experts identified key policy components used to develop an initial tool. After testing and revisions, the instrument was used to code the existing tobacco 21 state-level policies. Inter-rater reliability (κ=0.70) was measured and discrepancies were discussed until consensus was met. Policy component frequencies were reported by state.ResultsWhile all 16 states raised the MLSA to 21, the laws varied widely. Two laws omitted purchaser identification requirements. Fifteen laws mentioned enforcement would include inspections, but only three provided justification for conducting inspections. All 16 states provided a penalty structure for retailer/clerk violations, but penalties ranged considerably. Fourteen states required a tobacco retail licence, nine renewed annually. Six laws contained a military exemption, five were phased-in and 10 contained purchase, use or possession laws, which penalised youth. Four states introduced or expanded pre-emption of local tobacco control.ConclusionsThe instrument developed is the first to examine policy components within state-level tobacco 21 laws. Policies that include negative components or omit positive components may not effectively prevent retailers from selling to youth, which could result in less effective laws.
‘No‐one knows where you are’: veterinary perceptions regarding safety and risk when alone and on‐call
Authors: Irwin Amy , Vikman Janika , Ellis Hannah 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundVeterinary work is considered high risk and involves working with a range of hazards, including large animals, high workload and long hours. A key potential hazard is making home visits and providing out‐of‐hours emergency care, where vets often work alone, without support and must travel long distances. The current study aimed to examine UK veterinary perceptions of safety culture, lone working and on‐call tasks to gain a deeper understanding of the risk and hazards involved.MethodsAn online mixed‐methods survey was used to gather quantitative data relevant to practice safety culture and qualitative data regarding veterinary perception of lone working and on‐call work. A sample of 76 UK veterinarians were recruited.ResultsThe quantitative results suggest that there may be practice safety culture issues around a lack of communication and discussion pertaining to safety, particularly in terms of maintaining personal safety. Key themes within the qualitative data included the pressure to treat patients, potentially at personal risk, and feeling unsafe when meeting clients alone and in remote locations.ConclusionThese findings indicate that personal safety requires more attention and discussion within veterinary practices, and that safety protocols and requirements should be shared with clients.
A New Pathway Emerges to Interpret Lung Cancer Genomic Alterations
Authors: Blakely Collin M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The clinical utility of performing tumor genetic testing to assess for alterations beyond the known targetable oncogenes in lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. Analyzing cancer pathway alterations beyond single oncogenic driver mutations in addition to markers of tumor mutation burden and genomic instability may provide additional predictive and prognostic information.
See related article by Zhou et al., p. 7475
Pharmacoinvasive Strategy Versus Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bainey Kevin R. , Armstrong Paul W. , Zheng Yinggan , Brass Neil , Tyrrell Benjamin D. , Leung Raymond , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Welsh Robert C. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Recent clinical trial data support a pharmacoinvasive strategy as an alternative to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We evaluated whether this is true in a real-world prehospital ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction network using ECG assessment of reperfusion coupled with clinical outcomes within 1 year.

Methods:
Of the 5583 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in the Alberta Vital Heart Response Program (Cohort 1 [2006–2011]: n=3593; Cohort 2 [2013–2016]: n=1990), we studied 3287 patients who received a pharmacoinvasive strategy with tenecteplase (April 2013: half-dose tenecteplase was employed in prehospital patients ≥75 years) or pPCI. ECGs were analyzed within a core laboratory; sum ST-segment deviation resolution ≥50% was defined as successful reperfusion. The primary composite was all-cause death, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and recurrent myocardial infarction within 1 year.

Results:

The pharmacoinvasive approach was administered in 1805 patients (54.9%), (493 [27.3%] underwent rescue/urgent percutaneous coronary intervention and 1312 [72.7%] had scheduled angiography); pPCI was performed in 1482 patients (45.1%). There was greater ST-segment resolution post-catheterization/percutaneous coronary intervention with a pharmacoinvasive strategy versus pPCI (75.8% versus 64.3%, IP-weighted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.33–1.90;
P
<0.001). The primary composite was significantly lower with a pharmacoinvasive approach (16.3% versus 23.1%, IP-weighted hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99;
P
=0.033). Major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage were similar between a pharmacoinvasive strategy and pPCI (7.6% versus 7.5%,
P
=0.867; 0.6% versus 0.6%;
P
=0.841, respectively). In the 82 patients ≥75 years with a prehospital pharmacoinvasive strategy, similar ST-segment resolution and rescue rates were observed with full-dose versus half-dose tenecteplase (75.8% versus 88.9%,
P
=0.259; 31.0% versus 29.2%,
P
=0.867) with no difference in the primary composite (31.0% versus 25.0%,
P
=0.585).

Conclusions:
In this large Canadian ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction registry, a pharmacoinvasive strategy was associated with improved ST-segment resolution and enhanced outcomes within 1 year compared with pPCI. Our findings support the application of a selective pharmacoinvasive reperfusion strategy when delay to pPCI exists.
Wave Disturbances and Their Role in the Maintenance, Structure, and Evolution of a Mesoscale Convection System
Authors: Zhang Shushi , Parsons David B. , Wang Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates a nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed during the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign. A series of wavelike features were observed ahead of this MCS with extensive convective initiation (CI) taking place in the wake of one of these disturbances. Simulations with the WRF-ARW Model were utilized to understand the dynamics of these disturbances and their impact on the MCS. In these simulations, an “elevated bore” formed within an inversion layer aloft in response to the layer being lifted by air flowing up and over the cold pool. As the bore propagated ahead of the MCS, the lifting created an environment more conducive to deep convection allowing the MCS to discretely propagate due to CI in the bore’s wake. The Scorer parameter was somewhat favorable for trapping of this wave energy, although aspects of the environment evolved to be consistent with the expectations for an n = 2 mode deep tropospheric gravity wave. A bore within an inversion layer aloft is reminiscent of disturbances predicted by two-layer hydraulic theory, contrasting with recent studies that suggest bores are frequently initiated by the interaction between the flow within stable nocturnal boundary layer and convectively generated cold pools. Idealized simulations that expand upon this two-layer approach with orography and a well-mixed layer below the inversion suggest that elevated bores provide a possible mechanism for daytime squall lines to remove the capping inversion often found over the Great Plains, particularly in synoptically disturbed environments where vertical shear could create a favorable trapping of wave energy.
Surface Stress and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Response to Mesoscale SST Structure in Coupled Simulations of the Northern California Current System
Authors: Samelson R. M. , O’Neill L. W. , Chelton D. B. , Skyllingstad E. D. , Barbour P. L. , Durski S. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variations on wind stress and boundary layer winds is examined from coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical simulations and satellite observations of the northern California Current System. Model coupling coefficients relating the divergence and curl of wind stress and wind to downwind and crosswind SST gradients are generally smaller than observed values and vary by a factor of 2 depending on planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme, with values larger for smoothed fields on the 0.25° observational grid than for unsmoothed fields on the 12-km model grid. Divergence coefficients are larger than curl coefficients on the 0.25° grid but not on the model grid, consistent with stronger scale dependence for the divergence response than for curl in a spatial cross-spectral analysis. Coupling coefficients for 10-m equivalent neutral stability winds are 30%–50% larger than those for 10-m wind, implying a correlated effect of surface-layer stability variations. Crosswind surface air temperature and SST gradients are more strongly coupled than downwind gradients, while the opposite is true for downwind and crosswind heat flux and SST gradients. Midlevel boundary layer wind coupling coefficients show a reversed response relative to the surface that is predicted by an analytical model; a predicted second reversal with height is not seen in the simulations. The relative values of coupling coefficients are consistent with previous results for the same PBL schemes in the Agulhas Return Current region, but their magnitudes are smaller, likely because of the effect of mean wind on perturbation heat fluxes.
Autologous Fat Injection Pharyngoplasty in Adults with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Tierney William S. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Understand the utility and technique of injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat for the treatment of mild to moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency in adults without a history of cleft palate. Methods: Consecutive case series of 11 patients (mean [SD] 41 ± 21 years of age) who underwent injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat from 2012 to 2018 at a tertiary care center. Patients were followed for a mean of 8.6 ± 8 months with pre versus postoperative evaluations of improvement in rhinophonia, dysphagia, and velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy (scored: 0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, near-complete; 4, complete). Results: Patient selection and surgical techniques are described. Mean improvements were 2.3 ± 0.86 for rhinophonia, 2.0 ± 0.89 for dysphagia, and 3.0 ± 0.95 for velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy. Five (45%) patients underwent subsequent intervention, including four repeat fat injections and three sphincter pharyngoplasties. There were two transient complications–donor site hematoma and subjective nasal obstruction. Conclusions: Although objective assessments are lacking to date, this is among the first reports to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat for velopharyngeal insufficiency in a population of adults without a history of cleft. We found, on average, moderate improvement in rhinophonia and dysphagia, and near-complete improvement in velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy; however, a portion of patients required subsequent intervention.
Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study
Authors: Yang Xue , She Rui , Lau Mason MC , Lau Joseph TF 
Published: October 2019

Background: Socio-political circumstances, including security, poverty, national wealth, income inequality, social integration and political conflicts, determine population health. Anticipated socio-political developments refer to the perceived improvement/deterioration in these circumstances in the future year. Aims: This study tested relationships between this anticipation and population mental health (probable depression/depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and the mediation roles of negative personal responses toward socio-political situations (frustration, emotional disturbance, self-efficacy in political involvement, perceived sense of security, and satisfaction about societal ability in fulfilling individuals’ needs) in explaining these relationships. Method: The telephone survey randomly interviewed 420 (59.5% female) adults in Hong Kong. Questionnaire included scales assessing the aforementioned variables. Results: Most participants (71.7%) had pessimistic anticipations over socio-political developments; 11.3% of the participants were classified as having probable depression. Anticipated deterioration in socio-political developments was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction; emotional disturbance, sense of security and need satisfaction were partial mediators of these relationships. Need satisfaction and sense of security showed the strongest mediation effects both for mediations that involved depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Both politicians’ awareness and mental health promotion are required to alleviate the negative impact of negative socio-political perception on mental health.