bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of native α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Pachl Petr , Škerlová Jana , Šimčíková Daniela , Kotik Michael , Křenková Alena , Mader Pavel , Brynda Jiří , Kapešová Jana , Křen Vladimír , Otwinowski Zbyszek , Řezáčová Pavlína 
Published: October 2018

α-L-Rhamnosidases cleave terminal nonreducing α-L-rhamnosyl residues from many natural rhamnoglycosides. This makes them catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. The X-ray structure of the GH78 family α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus has been determined at 1.38 Å resolution using the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing method. The protein was isolated from its natural source in the native glycosylated form, and the active site contained a glucose molecule, probably from the growth medium. In addition to its catalytic domain, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. terreus contains four accessory domains of unknown function. The structural data suggest that two of these accessory domains, E and F, might play a role in stabilizing the aglycon portion of the bound substrate.
Consumer’s webrooming conduct: an explanation using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Arora Sourabh , Sahney Sangeeta 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Recent statistics concerning webrooming shoppers is indicative of the trending webrooming phenomenon, and points toward the dire need for the addressal of the issue. The purpose of this paper is to reason the consumer’s intentional visit to an online store prior to making purchases offline by linking it with perceived channel benefits and uncertainty reduction approach through an application of the theory of planned behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey instrument was administered online, and a total of 374 responses were obtained. Respondents were queried with respect to the webrooming sequence, if at all they were into webrooming. The PLS-SEM was used to test the formulated hypotheses.

Findings
The factor “Access to reviews online” emerged as the prime perceived search benefit which drives consumers’ to first visit an online store, while factors like “access to touch and feel the product,” “better post-purchase services offline” and “immediate possession of product” induced customers to later purchase offline. Factors like “E-distrust” and “perceived risks related to purchasing online” notably determined consumer’s movement to the physical store for purchasing the product in the second phase of the webrooming sequence.

Research limitations/implications
A small sample size limits the authors from drawing definitive generalizations. Due to the lack of studies, individually examining webrooming conduct, a prior qualitative exploration can be conducted to draw more insights.

Practical implications
The findings of the study can be utilized by the online retailers for devising strategies to push the webroomers to make purchases online.

Social implications
The study creates awareness as to what motivates consumers to webroom, which has been realized as one of the serious issues being faced by the online retailers today.

Originality/value
This study addresses a key concern “webrooming phenomenon,” which has emerged as a critical challenge in the present retailing dynamics.
Evolution and effect of LEAN bundles: a longitudinal study
Authors: Hallavo Ville , Kuula Markku , Putkiranta Antero 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effects of lean in a longitudinal context. Lean is currently experiencing its second coming. In spite of this, the current body of research on lean is especially lacking in longitudinal studies.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in this study is a longitudinal case study. The authors combined elements of multiple-case study and survey research by analyzing interview data on the same 23 Finnish manufacturing firms at three distinct points in time (1993, 2004 and 2010) with a methodology called qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) that is novel to the field.FindingsThe “thick” results of our exploratory contingency theoretic analysis suggest that the holistic and adaptive use of lean bundles is effective. It seems that especially the firm status of ownership and the phase of the business cycle exert an impact on successful lean bundle use. There is also evidence that a certain maturation effect takes place within lean bundle use: lean is increasingly being used as a complete management philosophy.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors hope that this research encourages researchers to use more QCA in their research, especially with small samples.Originality/valueThis is a unique longitudinal study on the same 23 manufacturing firms and their development. Furthermore, this study opens new avenues for lean theory development, introduces a new methodology to the field and helps decision makers to gain a better understanding of the long-term dynamics of lean.
Climate change and variability perceptions in Ga-Dikgale community in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Chikosi Enerst Shingai , Mugambiwa Shingirai Stanley , Tirivangasi Happy Mathew , Rankoana Sejabaledi Agnes 
Published: October 2018

PurposePerceptions of climate change and its threats to rural communities are among major challenges faced by scientists around the world. A few studies prove that these communities are aware of change in climatic conditions and their impacts on people’s livelihoods. Climate change is usually perceived as increasing warming days, erratic rainfall patterns, ecological variability, biological change and their adverse effects on human beings. This study aims to assess Ga-Dikgale community’s perceptions on climate change and variability.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method was adopted and community members of age 60 and above in GaDikgale community were purposively selected as participants in the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse data.FindingsThe study found that the community perceives climate change and climate variability based on changes in temperature patterns, erratic rainfall patterns, seasonal change, depletion of biodiversity, decline in subsistence crop production, change in water quality and cessation of cultural activities.Originality/valueThe study concludes that community’s perceptions of climate change are largely centred on variations in temperature and rainfall patterns. It has been established that knowledge of climate change in rural communities is of paramount importance in as far as adaptation to climate hazards is concerned.
A global perspective of entrepreneurship and innovation in China
Authors: Ahlstrom David , Yang Xiaohua , Wang Liang , Wu Changqi 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to study largely recent aspects of entrepreneurship and innovation in China. It synthesizes the research in the current special issue (SI) ofMultinational Business Review(MBR) on this topic. In addition, this paper differs from other work on this topic in examining entrepreneurship and innovation from a more global standpoint with relevant international effects.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an overview of the literature on entrepreneurship, innovation and key related topics such as firm and economic growth, as well as linking this research to related international works. It also summarizes the papers of the SI.FindingsThe authors’ analysis suggests that the study of entrepreneurship and innovation should be placed in the context of a country’s economic development and institutional environment as well as the firm internationalization trajectories and business models. In addition, the authors believe that a good understanding of economic growth in a transition economy like China (which is a key goal of China’s recent emphasis on innovation) is facilitated by understanding the comparative advantages and disadvantages of an economy with respect to the global innovation system.Originality/valueThe authors’ study explores the local-global and parent-subsidiary connectivity and co-evolution of firm strategies and the institutional environment in entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging and transition economies. The authors summarize and synthesize the papers in this SI to provide the results as well as some directions for future research in the domain of entrepreneurship, innovation and new venture creation, which is believed to be a key engine of economic growth in the coming years.
Galactose intake is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Emamat Hadi , Farhadnejad Hossein , Poustchi Hossein , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the association between galactose intake and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 196 newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD and 803 controls were recruited from a referral hepatology clinic. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes of galactose were compared between cases and controls.

Findings
Median (interquartile range) of dietary galactose intake was 2.24 (1.36-3.53) g/day for all subjects. In age and sex adjusted-model, subjects in the highest tertile of galactose intake had more than three times higher risk of NAFLD compared with those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05; 95 per cent confidence interval [CI]: 2.02-4.54), (p-value < 0.001). Additionally controlling for body mass index (BMI), physical activity, energy intake and dietary lactose intake, the direct association between galactose intake and NAFLD remained significant (OR: 2.77; 95 per cent CI: 1.55-4.95), (p-value < 0.001).

Originality/value
This study was the first one to assess the association between galactose intake and risk of NAFLD.
Competitive asymmetry and local adaptation in Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Potter Tomos , King Leighton , Travis Joseph , Bassar Ronald D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The outcome of competition between individuals often depends on body size. These competitive asymmetries can drive variation in demographic rates, influencing the ecology and evolution of life histories. The magnitude and direction of such asymmetries differ among taxa, yet little is known empirically about how adaptation to resource limitation alters competitive asymmetries.

Here, we investigate the relationship between size‐dependent competitive ability and adaptation to resource limitation.

We examined size‐dependent competition in two ecotypes of Trinidadian guppy, adapted to high or low levels of resource competition. Using aquaria‐based competition experiments, we describe how the size and ecotype of competitors influence somatic growth rate, whilst controlling for the confounding effect of niche differentiation. We replicated our study across two independent evolutionary origins of the “competitive” ecotype.

The two “competitive” ecotypes differed markedly in size‐dependent asymmetry, indicating that adaptation to resource limitation alone is insufficient to explain changes in size‐dependent competitive asymmetry. For one origin, the ecotype adapted to resource limitation was a superior competitor over a wide range of size pairings.

The equivalence of competitors varied over fivefold, dependent on size and ecotype; in three of four populations, larger individuals had a competitive advantage.

Our results demonstrate that competitive asymmetry has strong effects on somatic growth. Because somatic growth contributes to demographic parameters, intraspecific trait variation is likely to play a key role in regulating demographic rates. Our findings imply that the evolution of size‐dependent asymmetries under conditions of intense competition is likely to be constrained by niche availability, although further research is needed to verify this.
The application of self‐limiting transgenic insects in managing resistance in experimental metapopulations
Authors: Zhou Liqin , Alphey Nina , Walker Adam S. , Travers Laura M. , Morrison Neil I. , Bonsall Michael B. , Raymond Ben 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The mass release of transgenic insects carrying female lethal self‐limiting genes can reduce pest insect populations. Substantial releases are also a novel resistance management tool, since wild type alleles conferring susceptibility to pesticides can dilute resistance alleles in target populations. However, a potential barrier is the need for large‐scale area‐wide releases. Here, we address whether localized releases of transgenic insects could provide an alternative means of population suppression and resistance management, without serious loss of efficacy.

We used experimental mesocosms constituting insect metapopulations to explore the evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in a high‐dose/refugia landscape in the insect Plutella xylostella. We ran two selection experiments, the first compared the efficacy of “everywhere” releases and negative controls to a spatially density‐dependent or “whack‐a‐mole” strategy that concentrated release of transgenic insects in subpopulations with elevated resistance. The second experiment tested the relative efficacy of whack‐a‐mole and everywhere releases under spatially homogenous and heterogeneous selection pressure.

The whack‐a‐mole releases were less effective than everywhere releases in terms of slowing the evolution of resistance, which, in the first experiment, largely prevented the evolution of resistance. In contrast to predictions, heterogeneous whack‐a‐mole releases were no more effective under heterogeneous selection pressure. Heterogeneous selection pressure did, however, reduce total insect population sizes.

Whack‐a‐mole releases provided early population suppression, indistinguishable from homogeneous everywhere releases. However, insect population densities tracked the evolution of resistance in this system, as phenotypic resistance provides access to additional diet containing the toxin Cry1Ac. Thus, as resistance levels diverged between treatments, carrying capacities and population sizes increased under the whack‐a‐mole approach.

Synthesis and applications. Spatially density‐dependent releases of transgenic insects, particularly those targeting source populations at a landscape level, could suppress pest populations in the absence of blanket area‐wide releases. The benefits of self‐limiting transgenic insects were reduced in spatially localized releases, suggesting that they are not ideal for “spot” treatment of resistance problems. Nevertheless, spatially homogeneous or heterogeneous releases could be used to support other resistance management interventions.
Reduced competition may allow generalist species to benefit from habitat homogenization
Authors: Nordberg Eric J. , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Complex environments support high biodiversity and diverse microhabitat availability, which may reduce the intensity of competition among species. Both natural and anthropogenic disturbances reduce the structural complexity of habitats, leading to homogenization. High abundances of common, generalist species in disturbed habitats may be driven by reduced competition from specialists in similar habitats.

We quantified habitat availability for and utilization of three co‐occurring arboreal geckos (Australian native house geckos [Gehyra dubia], northern velvet geckos [Oedura castelnaui] and eastern spiny‐tailed geckos [Strophurus williamsi]) in four replicated grazing regimes in an experimental grazing trial in north‐east Queensland, Australia.

Native house geckos were most abundant in heavily grazed habitats, whereas the two other species rarely co‐occurred (either with each other or with native house geckos). Geckos displayed resource partitioning of habitat features, such as tree species and structural characteristics.

We found evidence of interspecific competition among gecko species, in which native house geckos shifted their habitat selection in the presence of velvet geckos. In the absence of other geckos, native house geckos preferred rough, peeling bark and dead trees, yet in the presence of velvet geckos, native house geckos shifted away from dead trees, and used more structurally complex trees, probably due to high niche overlap with velvet geckos.

Native house geckos were more resistant to the negative effects of livestock grazing than either velvet or spiny‐tailed geckos. In the absence of other species, native house geckos used a wider range of microhabitats.

Synthesis and applications. Species assemblages are often the results of multiple or complex factors, including predation pressure, habitat availability or competitive interactions. The homogenizing effects on habitat structure caused by livestock grazing reduce diversity and suitability for microhabitat specialists. Reduced competition can therefore promote the abundance of microhabitat generalist species, such as Australian native house geckos, suggesting that livestock grazing leads to homogenization and simplification of habitat structure, which ultimately leads to changes in species composition through reduced competition. Understanding species’ responses to disturbance, and more broadly, habitat complexity, is crucial for maintaining or increasing biological diversity in anthropogenically modified landscapes.
Social media in dietetics: Insights into use and user networks
Authors: Probst Yasmine C. , Peng Qingcai 
Published: October 2018

AimSocial media has transformed the interaction between healthcare professionals and consumers, yet research of its use in dietetics is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dietetic user networks on use of social media and test the applicability of a social media metrics tool to determine influential users.MethodsAn online survey about social media use and practices based on the scientific literature was developed and implemented online with dietitians. Feasibility of a social media metrics analysis was conducted via Twitter using the NodeXL metrics tool to determine influential dietetic networks based on four measures of network centrality (betweenness, eigenvector, closeness and degree).ResultsThe survey (n = 340) revealed social networking sites were the most widely used (by user) (n = 282) and micro‐blogging was the most regularly used (by frequency of use). Among respondents who used social media in a professional capacity (n = 130), the greatest benefit was communicating internationally and remotely while the delivery of health care was of least benefit. The majority of respondents (87.3%) indicated their primary efforts were to maintain e‐professionalism. Time restraints (18.6%) and not knowing where to start (18.6%) were common barriers to use. Highly influential connections between users were observed from network visualisations of dietitians in Australia and the United States.ConclusionsProfessional use of social media among dietitians needs to be monitored over time for shifts of influential networks. Influential users from key networks can be identified from metrics analyses and should be engaged via professional bodies to upskill new users.
Effects of tranexamic acid on short‐term and long‐term outcomes of on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Randomized trial and 7‐year follow‐up
Authors: Zhang Yu , Gao Xurong , Yuan Su , Guo Jingfei , Lv Huanran , Zhou Yong , Wang Yuefu , Ji Hongwen , Wang Guyan , Li Lihuan , Shi Jia 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAimsSafety evaluations of tranexamic acid (TXA) remain sparse, especially with respect to its impact on long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We hypothesized that the effects of TXA on perioperative bleeding and allogeneic transfusion and its impact on long‐term clinical outcomes of patients receiving on‐pump CABG are superior to those in the control group.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 210 patients undergoing primary and isolated on‐pump CABG were randomly assigned to receive TXA or a corresponding volume of saline solution. Randomly assigned patients were followed up at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years after hospital discharge. Finally, 163 patients fulfilled the 7‐year follow‐up. The primary outcome was allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Long‐term mortality and morbidity were also evaluated.ResultsCompared with placebo, TXA reduced the allogeneic RBC requirement in terms of the volume transfused (4.20 ± 4.06 vs 6.25 ± 4.86 units; P < 0.01), ratio exposed (52.0% vs 71.6%; P < 0.01), and blood loss volume (879.0 ± 392.5 vs 1154.0 ± 582.8 mL; P < 0.01). Except for myocardial infarction, there were no significant differences in mortality or morbidity between the two groups during the 7‐year follow‐up. The TXA group had a lower rate of myocardial infarction than did the placebo group (0.0% vs 4.9% at 84 months; P = 0.03).ConclusionsTranexamic acid significantly decreased postoperative bleeding and allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing on‐pump CABG. The 7‐year follow‐up suggested that the use of TXA was safe and might play a potential role in the prevention of long‐term myocardial infarction.
“Full Stomach” Despite the Wait: Point‐of‐care Gastric Ultrasound at the Time of Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Leviter Julie , Steele Dale W. , Constantine Erika , Linakis James G. , Amanullah Siraj 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to use gastric point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) to assess gastric contents and volume, summarize the prevalence of “full stomach,” and explore the relationship between fasting time and gastric contents at the time of procedural sedation.MethodsThis was a prospective study of patients aged 2 to 17 years fasting prior to procedural sedation. A single sonographer scanned each patient's gastric antrum in two positions: supine with the upper body elevated and right lateral decubitus (RLD). Gastric content (empty, liquid, or solid) was noted, and the gastric volume (mL/kg) was estimated from antral cross‐sectional area (CSA). “Full stomach” was defined as any solid content or >1.2 mL/kg of liquid gastric content.ResultsWe enrolled 116 subjects, with a median fasting time of 5.8 hours. Of the 107 with evaluable images, 74 patients, 69% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 60%–77%), were categorized as having a full stomach. Each hour of fasting was associated with lower odds (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65–0) of a full stomach. However, the knowledge of fasting time alone provides little ability to discriminate between risk groups (C‐index = 0.66).ConclusionsGastric POCUS classified many patients as having a full stomach at the time of expected procedural sedation, despite prolonged fasting times. These findings may inform risk–benefit considerations when planning the timing and medication choice for procedural sedation.