bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Journal Writing in the EFL Classroom of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Gyanendra 
Published: May 2018

Based on classroom research, this paper explores the use of journal writing as a multi-purpose tool in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom of Nepal. In the first part of the paper, the author introduces readers to the concepts of journal writing and also shares his own experience of writing reflective journals as a university student. This section also explains how he applied the same task among children in the classroom. The second part of the paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of using journal writing in the EFL classroom. The results suggest that journal writing can serve multiple purposes in the English language classroom. It is found to be an effective technique to make students reflect on what they have learnt and enhance their writing skill as well.Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 68-75
Non-native English Speaking Teacher (NNEST) and their Delivery
Authors: Maharjan Laxmi Bahadur 
Published: May 2018

This article attempts to display the characteristics of the non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs) and focuses on the need for the transition of their potentialities in various circumstances of their career. It also describes some of the issues related to their shared difficulties and insecurities, and uncovers the strategies that help them to build up their mind and vision. The non-native speakers of English are definitely in a strong position as teachers in that they can use their experiences to bring quality to teaching and become more effective speakers of English. In addition, the article highlights the non-native speakers of English scenario with the intention to promote further in-depth research on this unexplored area of “non-nativesness.” The article also makes a brief description of the problems the Nepali NNESTs face in their classroom delivery processes and discusses ways to overcome them.Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 117-126
PENGGUNAAN DAN PEMAANFAATAN CYBERSPACE DALAM GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN HIZBUT TAHRIR DI IAIN KENDARI
Authors: Lestari Ambar Sri , Hamka Shabrur Rijal 
Published: May 2018

This research aims to analyze the use and utilization of cyberspace as new media (internet) in the movement thought of Hizbut Tahrir at IAIN Kendari. The findings of the situation show that the use and utilization of cyberspace via the internet with the Facebook as one of the social media by either students who follow the activities of the intra or extra campus or who does not enter the organization by taking samples in the first half of the even and odd semester students of 2016/2017nwhich consists of eight classes indicate that they are more panic when it comes to the use of Facebook taking up to 0.89 or 89%. From the use of this social media, then the process of movement of thought against religious doctrine can be done through cyberspace started from the ndividual level, the level of interaction between the individual and community level; cybersociety (virtual community) and finally form a culture (Cyberculture) by a movement of Hizbut Tahrir. The process of religious doctrine is done through several methods, namely: participation, openness, communication, community, dependency/connectedness.
PENANGANAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN (TREATMENT FOR CHILD ABUSE)
Authors: Mulyana Nandang , Resnawaty Risna , Kamil Basar Gigin Ginanjar 
Published: May 2018

This studi aims to analyze the treatment to child abuse at Kuningan regency, whether handling by government or nongovernment organisation. The causes of violence are categorized as internal factors that come from within the family and external that occur outside the family environment. The treatment for the the violence victims should be comprehensive and involving various competent parties. Thus, the involvement of all institutions, both government institutions and the public to handle the victims of violence is very important. Handling of the child victims of violence must also have a policy, which is not applied national but also more specific to each region. Parties involved in the treatment process of children victims include the Department of Social Affairs, Health Office, Education Office, Police, and P2TP2A. Meanwhile the community such as NGO need to concern on the victims of violence. This inter-institutional coordination is needed to support each other to overcome the children abuse and treat the victims. This is necessary because it is limited if only one institution which participate to overcome this issue.
AL-QAWĀID AL-FIQHIYYAH TERHADAP PERBEDAAN PENDAPAT DALAM FIQIH (KASUS HUKUMAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI)
Authors: Luhuringbudi Teguh , Yani Achmad 
Published: May 2018

This study discusses the attitude of corruption based on the perspective of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah. Corruption is a symptom of a dilemma because of its position not only as an extraordinary crime, but also as a human actualization to feel the hierarchy of needs. This requires a subjective attitude-primordialist-dogmatic in the form of Islamic views with a jurisprudential (fiqh) approach and perspective of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah in addressing the two symptoms of the dilemma. The attitude and view of al-Qawāid al-Fiqhiyyah to the punishment of corruption by methodology is done by six categories of rules (major theory) consisting of fourteen applied rules (minor theory). This paper concludes that the attitude of corruption criminal cases can be done with five things; the completion of the Highly Political Cost System, confirmation and tightening of law enforcement, alleviating the economic factors of the government apparatu, to sharpen and culture the hedonism and consumerism, and religious moral preservation.
PEMANFAATAN DANA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI CABANG KENDARI
Authors: Turmudi Muhamad 
Published: May 2018

This study examines a Corporate Social Responsibility Program of Syariah Banking so as to provide an understanding of the existence, implementation and source of funds of social programs developed through the utilization of corporate social responsibility funds in Islamic banking institutions especially at Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch of Kendari. This study is limited to the management and utilization of corporate social responsibility funds in 2017. The existence of corporate social responsibility program undertaken by Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch of Kendari in 2017 was under the theme of BSM Mengalirkan Berkah. The implementation of this program conducted until October 2017 were (1) mosque development activities with the Rp. 200 million as the funding with such details as 2% for Program Preparation, for direct assistance mosque taking up to 60%, for other assistance up to 30%, for Assistance program as much as 6%, and for monitoring and evaluation up to 2%. (2) Donations for mosques that are used as the place of doing a lot of dawn worship programs (3) Provision of clean water (4) Scholarship program for students. Furtherore, the funding of Corporate social responsibility programs which is channeled to the community comes from zakah funds, corporate profits and the fund of virtue (Qardh al-hasan).
Pivot to Asia: Iraq War Literature and Asian/American Women
Authors: McKay Daniel 
Published: May 2018

From Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley in Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms (1929) to Lloyd Gruver and Hana-ogi in James A. Michener's Sayonara (1953), the trope of romantic relationships between American servicemen and the foreign women whom they encounter overseas has recurred throughout twentieth-century American literature. In this article, I examine the ideological assumptions rooted in these depictions, paying particular attention to the challenges that the Iraq War, an apparently “sexless” conflict, has posed to contemporary fiction writers. Using a close reading of Phil Klay's short story “In Vietnam they had Whores” (2014) and Atticus Lish's novel Preparation for the Next Life (2015), I argue that these two authors have “pivoted” away from Iraq towards Asia in ways that reveal an increased willingness on the part of war writers to critique or dispense with old narrative stereotypes.
ORDU ARICILIĞININ BAŞLICA SORUNLARI VE ÇÖZÜM YOLLARI
Authors: SIRALI Recep 
Published: May 2018

Ordu yöresinde arıcılık, çok eski yıllardan beri
sürdürülen önemli bir tarımsal faaliyettir. Ordu ili arıcısayısı, gerek kovan
varlığı ve gerekse üretim payı bakımından arıcılık için en önemli yöremizi oluşturmaktadır.
Ekolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı
gereği, Türkiye’nin her yerinde arıcılık
yapılabilirken, bölge genelinde mevcut bitki türleri ilin arı popülâsyonlarının
ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada yetersiz
kalmaktadır. O nedenle Ordu arıcıları, arılarını il dışına götürerek arıcılık
faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedirler. Bölge arıcılarının devletten başlıca
beklentileri; uygun damızlık materyal
temini, ilde bal
ormanlarının geliştirilmesi, arıcı eğitimi, arı sağlığı, arı adaptasyonu, balda kalite ve standart, bal üretim maliyeti, bal pazarlaması, gezginci
arıcılıkla ilgili kolaylıkların sağlanması, aşırı şeker şurubu
kullanımının ve sahte balın
önlenmesine yönelik tedbirlerin alınmasıdır. Bu nedenle, yöre arıcılığına
ilişkin gerçekleştirilecek birtakım olumlu çalışmalar sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan
yararlı olacaktır. Ayrıca yöre arıcılığı konusunda geliştirilecek bazı
politikalara ve önemli çözümlere yön verebilecektir. Bu derlemenin amacı; Ordu’da arıcılığın genel yapısını ortaya
koyarak, mevcut sorunlarını analiz etmek ve bu
sorunlara yönelik bazı çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.
Verbalisme Bahasa Arab Dalam Kehidupan Beragama Masyarakat Muslim
Authors: Angger Rowin Inchinia 
Published: May 2018

Religious life and language have a very close relationship that affects the lives of the people. The role of language in religious studies is very important for its adherents, so that when they read religious texts or listen to their appeals they can make them understand the content and purpose of the text. For the Muslim community the Arabic language becomes a major that they must master and understand because the original sources of Islamic teachings and sciences are Arabic, so it is very important for Muslims especially their scientists to learn, understand, and master the Arabic language. Otherwise, it is difficult for us to study Islam from its original source derived from Arabic. However, this is the most special problem in Islamic societies. As a result of unwell understanding Arabic, unfortunately religion becomes easy to sell, religion is easily diverted, religion brought by unscrupulous person in deviation path, religion used as media for certain purposes. Arabic verbalism has happened in Muslim society in Indonesia, they make Arabic as formality, only just a form. So there is no inner or deep value inside of it. It is necessary to reform efforts in its wrong ideology, including changing the culture of verbalism in society, to put the position of Arabic language not only to memorize but used as a tool in deepening knowledge, one of the science of religion.
(تطوير المواد التعليمية لترقية مهارة الكتابة (بحث تطويري مع التطبيق في مدرسة أمانة الأمة الإعدادية فاجت موجوكرطا
Authors: Hafidz Muhammad 
Published: May 2018

Ada banyak problem dalam proses belajar mengajar Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Amanatul Ummah Pacet Mojokerto, terutama dalam pembelajaran menulis. Diantara problem yang paling dominan adalah terjadinya kesalahan imla’.Untuk mengatasi masalah ini penulis mendesain bahan ajar untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan menulis bagi siswa.Dengan bahan ajar tersebut diharapkan siswa mampu menulis Bahasa Arab dengan benar sesuai dengan kaidah imla’.Atas dasar itulah penulis melakukan penelitian dengan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan tujuan menghasilkan produk bahan ajar dan sekaligus menguji keefektifan produk tersebut.Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes, angket dan wawancara. Setelah penulis mendesain bahan ajar, melakukan uji coba dan menganalisa seluruh data, penulis mendapatkan kesimpulan ; 1) Bahan ajar yang dihasilkan berupa bahan ajar yang memuat kaidah-kaidah penulisan Bahasa Arab, yaitu imla’ mendapatkan penilaian tim ahli sebesar 79 %, artinya bahwa buku tersebut layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran . 2) Bahan tersebut sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan menulis bagi siswa, hal ini didasarkan pada hasil pretest dan posttest yaitu terdapt peningkatan yang cukup signifikan 20, 96 % dari prosentase nilai pretest 62,2 % menjadi 83, 6 % Dinilai posttest. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil analisa angket dan wawancara yang memiliki kesimpulan yang sama dengan analisaa nilai tes.
Possible Accretion Disk Origin of the Emission Variability of a Blazar Jet
Authors: Chatterjee Ritaban , Roychowdhury Agniva , Chandra Sunil , Sinha Atreyee 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We analyze X-ray light curves of the blazar Mrk 421 obtained from the Soft X-ray Imaging Telescope (SXT) and the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) instrument on board the Indian space telescope AstroSat and archival observations from Swift. We show that the X-ray power spectral density (PSD) is a piece-wise power-law with a break; i.e., the index becomes more negative below a characteristic “break timescale.” Galactic black hole (BH) X-ray binaries and Seyfert galaxies exhibit a similar characteristic timescale in their X-ray variability that is proportional to their respective BH mass. X-rays in these objects are produced in the accretion disk or corona. Hence, such a timescale is believed to be linked to the properties of the accretion flow. Any relation observed between events in the accretion disk and those in the jet can be used to characterize the disk–jet connection. However, evidence of such a link has been scarce and indirect. Mrk 421 is a BL Lac object that has a prominent jet pointed toward us and a weak disk emission, and it is assumed that most of its X-rays are generated in the jet. Hence, the existence of the break in its X-ray PSD may indicate that changes in the accretion disk, which may be the source of the break timescale, are translating into the jet where the X-rays are produced.
Spatial and temporal distributions of surface mass balance between Concordia and Vostok stations, Antarctica, from combined radar and ice core data: first results and detailed error analysis
Authors: Le Meur Emmanuel , Magand Olivier , Arnaud Laurent , Fily Michel , Frezzotti Massimo , Cavitte Marie , Mulvaney Robert , Urbini Stefano 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and shallow ice
cores carried out during a scientific traverse between Dome Concordia (DC)
and Vostok stations are presented in order to infer both spatial and temporal
characteristics of snow accumulation over the East Antarctic Plateau.
Spatially continuous accumulation rates along the traverse are computed from
the identification of three equally spaced radar reflections spanning about
the last 600 years. Accurate dating of these internal reflection horizons
(IRHs) is obtained from a depth–age relationship derived from volcanic
horizons and bomb testing fallouts on a DC ice core and shows a very good
consistency when tested against extra ice cores drilled along the radar
profile. Accumulation rates are then inferred by accounting for density
profiles down to each IRH. For the latter purpose, a careful error analysis
showed that using a single and more accurate density profile along a DC core
provided more reliable results than trying to include the potential spatial
variability in density from extra (but less accurate) ice cores distributed
along the profile. The most striking feature is an accumulation pattern that remains constant
through time with persistent gradients such as a marked decrease from
26 mm w.e. yr−1 at DC to 20 mm w.e. yr−1 at the
south-west end of the profile over the last 234 years on average (with a similar
decrease from 25 to 19 mm w.e. yr−1 over the last 592 years).
As for the time dependency, despite an overall consistency with similar
measurements carried out along the main East Antarctic divides, interpreting
possible trends remains difficult. Indeed, error bars in our measurements are
still too large to unambiguously infer an apparent time increase in
accumulation rate. For the proposed absolute values, maximum margins of error are in the range
4 mm w.e. yr−1 (last 234 years) to 2 mm w.e. yr−1 (last
592 years), a decrease with depth mainly resulting from the time-averaging
when computing accumulation rates.
The experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years with undernutrition in Oshikoto region, Namibia
Authors: Mulenga Ester , Amukugo Hans , Shilunga Anna 
Published: May 2018

Background: Undernutrition in children under the age of five years is prevalent in the developing countries which increase the risk of morbidity and mortality among such age group. Lack of information related to nutrition and feeding practices as well as other factors such as employment and pressure from family and community members cause mothers and caregivers of children under the age of five years to use inappropriate methods of feeding which contribute to undernutrition.Purpose: The aim of this article is to relate the experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years in Oshikoto region, Namibia.Methods: A qualitative study design was utilized to explore and describe the experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years. The study population comprised of mothers and caregivers of children diagnosed with undernutrition either severe or moderate, admitted in pediatric units or registered on Nutritional Assessment Counseling and Support programme. A purposive sampling was used to select participants and a total number of fifteen mothers/caregivers were interviewed. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Tesch steps.Results: The study revealed that mothers and caregivers experienced lack of information related to nutrition and feeding practices and other contextual constraints which resulted in the utilization of suboptimal feeding practices of children under the age of five years.Conclusions: Due to challenges experienced by mothers and caregivers, they need to be empowered with knowledge on nutrition and feeding practices of children under the age of five years.
Teaching Professionalism in Orthopaedic Residency: Efficacy of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Ethics Modules
Authors: Walsh B. Corbett , Karia Raj , Egol Kenneth , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Phillips Donna 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
To aid implementing an ethics curriculum in an orthopaedic residency program, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) created 14 ethics scenarios. Because delivery of this curriculum could be burdensome, an online module–based curriculum might be optimal.

Methods:
Two cohorts of orthopaedic residents participated: cohort I completed 14 online ethics modules converted from the 14 AAOS ethics scenarios. For each module, we gave a multiple-choice assessment immediately before the module, immediately afterward, and 3 months afterward. Cohort II completed only the 14-module assessments at similar time intervals without any educational content.

Results:
Cohort I demonstrated improvement in 3-month postmodule assessment scores in 11 of the 14 modules, 3 of which had statistical differences in baseline scores for cohort I and cohort II. We observed no statistical difference in scores within cohort II on repeat testing.

Discussion:
This study demonstrates that 11 of the 14 AAOS ethics scenarios, converted to online modules, teach ethical concepts to orthopaedic residents. Orthopaedic residency programs may find it valuable to engage their residents in the ethics scenarios created by the AAOS to complement their ethics curriculum.
"I have such sad news": Loss in Finnish North American Letters
Authors: Saramo Samira 
Published: May 2018

Life writing has been an important tool for people to work through loss in their lives. In the context of twentieth-century migration, word of death and shared mourning occurred primarily through letters in the international post. Focusing on letters written by Finnish immigrants in the United States and Canada from the 1940s–1960s, this article analyzes some of the ways that letter writing has been used to address death and loss. Positioning personal letters within the broader field of life writing, this work examines how both loss and life writing often trigger a re/defining of the self, addressed in multiple and ambiguous ways by individual mourner/writers. In its unsettling of life, feelings, and connections, loss is a rupture of the self. By narrating their life, writers create personal chronologies, position themselves in places and communities, and declare their values. The life writing of Finnish North Americans provides windows into the difficult work of trying to assign meaning to meaning-defying loss.
Ocular Human Papillomavirus Infections
Authors: Hanbazazh Mehenaz , Gyure Kymberly A. 
Published: May 2018

Context.—Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a well-known role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the cervix, anogenital region, and head and neck, but its role in the development of squamous neoplasms of the eye, particularly the conjunctiva, remains unclear.Objective.—To review recent evidence implicating HPV in the pathophysiology of ocular lesions.Data Sources.—Published articles obtained from a PubMed search of the English literature were the primary sources for this review.Conclusions.—The low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 appear to play a role in the development of at least a subset of conjunctival squamous papillomas. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of pterygium and ocular surface squamous neoplasia is less well defined. There is evidence to suggest that HPV may be a cofactor in the development of these lesions, acting in concert with ultraviolet radiation and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection in a subgroup of cases.
Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Skin
Authors: Bacaj Patrick , Burch David 
Published: May 2018

Context.—
Human papillomavirus is implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin.

Objective.—
To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in skin.

Data Sources.—
The study comprised a review of the literature.

Conclusions.—
The use of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion terminology brings order and simplicity to these lesions, correlates with the current understanding of the biology of human papillomavirus infections, and helps to promote accurate diagnosis of and appropriate treatment for these lesions.