bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, biochemical response and liver health of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed fermented and non-fermented tuna hydrolysate as fishmeal protein replacement ingredients
Authors: Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Howieson Janet , Ilham Ilham , Fotedar Ravi 
Published: June 2018

Conventional aquaculture feed materials available in Australia are expensive, which has prompted the search for alternatives that would be cost-effective and locally available. The present study was undertaken in order to maximize the use of a tuna hydrolysate (TH), which was produced locally from the tuna-processing discards. The growth performance, biochemical status, antioxidant capacity and liver health of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were assessed. Two series of isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets labelled as TH50, TH75 (non-fermented tuna hydrolysate) and FTH50, FTH75 (fermented tuna hydrolysate) were formulated to replace FM at 50% and 75%, respectively. A basal diet without the TH supplementation was used as a control. The experimental diets were fed to the triplicate groups of fish three times a day for 56 days. The results of the experiment revealed that fish fed on both fermented and non-fermented TH-containing diets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate compared to the control. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, protein and lipid were obtained in the control group, and decreased with the increasing level of TH in the diets. However, the whole-body proximate compositions and the blood biochemical indices of fish were not affected by the TH inclusion in the diets. The fish fed on TH diets of TH50, FTH50 and TH75 exhibited reduced (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared to the control; whereas the FTH75 exhibited no difference with the control. The excessive inclusion of TH in the diets of TH75 and FTH75 resulted in cytoplasmic vacuolization, with an increased amount of lipid accumulation, and necrosis in the liver tissue. These results indicated that the replacement of the FM protein with TH at 50% and 75% inclusion levels negatively affected the growth performance, feed utilization, and digestibility in juvenile barramundi; and it also increased the potential risk of hepatic failure in the fish. Further investigation is, therefore, required in order to optimize the TH levels in the fish diets which would be suitable for the growth of fish, as well as for maintaining the enhanced biochemical response in juvenile barramundi.
Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases
Authors: Ravee Rishiesvari , Mohd Salleh Faris ‘Imadi , Goh Hoe-Han 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCarnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry.MethodsThis review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants:Drosera(sundews),Dionaea(Venus flytrap), Nepenthes(tropical pitcher plants),Sarracenia(North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus(Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea(corkscrew plants),andUtricularia(bladderworts).ResultsSince the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin inNepenthespitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants.DiscussionThese different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.
Population density and structure of diurnal primates in Pandam wildlife park, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Authors: Yager Gabriel Ortyom , Bukie James Oshita , Kaa Avalumun Emmanuel 
Published: June 2018

A survey of diurnal primate species in Pandam wildlife park, Nigeria was conducted to determine its population density and structure. Eight transect lines (2.0km length, 0.02km width) at interval of 1.0km were located as representative samples in the park within the three range stratum (riparian forest, savannah woodland and, swampy area) based on proportional to size in providing information on the primate’s species present in the park. These include (Cercopithecus mona, Erythrocebus pata, Papio anubis and, Chlorocebus tantalus). Direct method of animal sighting was employed. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and diversity indices. The result showed that savannah woodland strata had more number of individual species encountered (132) and the lowest was the swampy area. Also the savannah woodland had the highest species diversity and richness while the riparian forest strata had the highest number of species evenness. More so, Cercopithecus tantalus was widespread throughout the park among other primates and Cercopithecus mona is most likely to decline even more rapidly than others since they inhabit the very tall trees. However, the variation in mean value of species sampled were not statistically significance (P>0.05). Generally, atleast one primate can be sighted in every km2 of range strata covered within the park. This census provides update information on the status of primate diversity and numbers within the park which can help to direct conservation efforts of the primates and other animals by the state government. This will further enhance the sustainability and elevation of the park to a National park.Keywords: Population status, Diurnal Primates, ecology, Pandam Wildlife Park,
Watermelon‐Like Structured SiOx–TiO2@C Nanocomposite as a High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Li Zhaolin , Zhao Hailei , Lv Pengpeng , Zhang Zijia , Zhang Yang , Du Zhihong , Teng Yongqiang , Zhao Lina , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA unique watermelon‐like structured SiOx–TiO2@C nanocomposite is synthesized by a scalable sol–gel method combined with carbon coating process. Ultrafine TiO2 nanocrystals are uniformly embedded inside SiOx particles, forming SiOx–TiO2 dual‐phase cores, which are coated with outer carbon shells. The incorporation of TiO2 component can effectively enhance the electronic and lithium ionic conductivities inside the SiOx particles, release the structure stress caused by alloying/dealloying of Si component and maximize the capacity utilization by modifying the Si–O bond feature and decreasing the O/Si ratio (x‐value). The synergetic combination of these advantages enables the synthesized SiOx–TiO2@C nanocomposite to have excellent electrochemical performances, including high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and stable long‐term cycleability. A stable specific capacity of ≈910 mAh g−1 is achieved after 200 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 and ≈700 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 for over 600 cycles. These results suggest a great promise of the proposed particle architecture, which may have potential applications in the improvement of various energy storage materials.
Ultralow Impedance Graphene Microelectrodes with High Optical Transparency for Simultaneous Deep Two‐Photon Imaging in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Lu Yichen , Liu Xin , Hattori Ryoma , Ren Chi , Zhang Xingwang , Komiyama Takaki , Kuzum Duygu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe last decades have witnessed substantial progress in optical technologies revolutionizing our ability to record and manipulate neural activity in genetically modified animal models. Meanwhile, human studies mostly rely on electrophysiological recordings of cortical potentials, which cannot be inferred from optical recordings, leading to a gap between our understanding of dynamics of microscale populations and brain‐scale neural activity. By enabling concurrent integration of electrical and optical modalities, transparent graphene microelectrodes can close this gap. However, the high impedance of graphene constitutes a big challenge toward the widespread use of this technology. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that this high impedance of graphene microelectrodes is fundamentally limited by quantum capacitance. This quantum capacitance limit is overcome by creating a parallel conduction path using platinum nanoparticles. A 100 times reduction in graphene electrode impedance is achieved, while maintaining the high optical transparency crucial for deep two‐photon microscopy. Using a transgenic mouse model, simultaneous electrical recording of cortical activity with high fidelity is demonstrated while imaging calcium signals at various cortical depths right beneath the transparent microelectrodes. Multimodal analysis of Ca2+ spikes and cortical surface potentials offers unique opportunities to bridge our understanding of cellular dynamics and brain‐scale neural activity.
Targeting Cooling for Quantum Dots in White QDs‐LEDs by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Platelets with Electrostatic Bonding
Authors: Xie Bin , Liu Haochen , Hu Run , Wang Chaofan , Hao Junjie , Wang Kai , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough quantum dots (QDs) show excellent advantages in flexible wavelength‐tuning and high color rendering capability in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) lighting and display applications, the less‐than‐one quantum efficiency inevitably gives rise to a non‐negligible heat generation problem, which induces high‐temperature quenching issues of QDs and severely hinders their potential applications. Efficient heat dissipation for these nanoscale QDs is challenging since these nanoparticle “heat sources” are usually embedded in a low‐thermal conductivity polymer matrix. In this work, this problem is attempted by targeting cooling of the QDs in the silicone matrix by electrostatically bonding the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) platelets onto QDs without sacrificing the optical performance of WLEDs. The red‐emissive QDs/hBN composites are mixed with yellow‐emissive phosphor to fabricate QDs/hBN‐WLEDs. Due to the effective heat transfer channels established by the QDs/hBN in the silicone, the heat could be dissipated efficiently to ambient air, and the working temperature of WLEDs is reduced by 22.7 °C at 300 mA. The QDs/hBN‐WLEDs still maintain a high luminous efficiency of 108.5 lm W−1 and a high color rendering index of Ra > 95, R9 > 90, showing that the present strategy can improve heat dissipation without sacrificing the optical performance.
2D MXene Nanofilms with Tunable Gas Transport Channels
Authors: Shen Jie , Liu Guozhen , Ji Yufan , Liu Quan , Cheng Long , Guan Kecheng , Zhang Mengchen , Liu Gongping , Xiong Jie , Yang Jian , Jin Wanqin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract2D materials' membranes with well‐defined nanochannels are promising for precise molecular separation. Herein, the design and engineering of atomically thin 2D MXene flacks into nanofilms with a thickness of 20 nm for gas separation are reported. Well‐stacked pristine MXene nanofilms are proven to show outstanding molecular sieving property for H2 preferential transport. Chemical tuning of the MXene nanochannels is also rationally designed for selective permeating CO2. Borate and polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules are well interlocked into MXene layers, realizing the delicate regulation of stacking behaviors and interlayer spacing of MXene nanosheets. The MXene nanofilms with either H2‐ or CO2‐selective transport channels exhibit excellent gas separation performance beyond the limits for state‐of‐the‐art membranes. The mechanisms within these nanoconfined MXene layers are discussed, revealing the transformation from “diffusion‐controlled” to “solution‐controlled” channels after chemical tuning. This work of precisely tailoring the 2D nanostructure may inspire the exploring of nanofluidics in 2D confined space with applications in many other fields like catalysis and energy conversion processes.
Porous Metal–Organic Framework@Polymer Beads for Iodine Capture and Recovery Using a Gas‐Sparged Column
Authors: Valizadeh Bardiya , Nguyen Tu N. , Smit Berend , Stylianou Kyriakos C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIodine (I2) capture and recovery is an important process in many industrial practices. Conventional materials for I2 capture include Ag0‐based aerogels and zeolites and C‐based aerogels and powders, which suffer from expensive and/or inefficient recovery. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown potential as good adsorbents for I2 capture with high capacity, fast uptake, and good recyclability. The powder form of MOFs, however, often makes them impractical in large‐scale applications. Herein, a versatile method based on the phase inversion technique is presented to fabricate millimeter‐sized spherical MOF@polymer composite beads, and the use of these beads for I2 capture and recovery is demonstrated. Besides preserving the crystallinity and pore accessibility of the embedded MOFs in the polymeric matrix, the beads exhibit higher capacity and faster uptake rate for I2 in both vapor and liquid phases compared to the bulk MOF powder. In order to showcase the applicability of these beads, a gas‐sparged column is used as a proof‐of‐concept device that can efficiently capture and recover more than 99% of I2 from the feeding solution. The beads can be recycled and reused multiple times, which in combination with their easy handling and storage highlights their superiority compared to MOF powders in adsorption applications.
Tailoring Rod‐Like FeSe2 Coated with Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Ge Peng , Hou Hongshuai , Li Sijie , Yang Li , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDesigning potential anodes for sodium‐ion battery with both remarkable durability and high‐rate capability has captured enormous attention so far. The engineering of size and morphology is deemed as an effective manner to boost the electrochemical properties. Owing to the anisotropic self‐assembly of iron selenide, rod‐like FeSe2 coates with nitrogen‐doped carbon is prepared through the thermal reaction of Prussian blue with selenium. Notably, the cyano groups are effectively transformed into N‐doped carbon with FeNC bonds, which uniformly coats FeSe2, prompting Na+ transportations. Interestingly, the particle size is tailored by heating rates, along with increased carbon content, leading to broadened energy levels for redox reaction. Bestowed by these advantages, the FeSe2/N‐C as Na‐storage anode delivers impressive electrochemical properties. Even at a rather high rate of 10.0 A g−1, a considerable capacity of 308 mAh g−1 is yielded over 10 000 loops. Supported by the detailed analysis of kinetic features, reduced size of particles could bring about the enhanced contributions of pseudocapacitive and quickening rate of ions transferring. The phase evolutions are further investigated by in situ EIS and ex‐situ technologies. The work is expected to provide a new strategy to prepare metal‐selenide with controllable size and induce the faster kinetic of high‐rate materials.
Biomimetic Color Changing Anisotropic Soft Actuators with Integrated Metal Nanowire Percolation Network Transparent Heaters for Soft Robotics
Authors: Kim Hyeonseok , Lee Habeom , Ha Inho , Jung Jinwook , Won Phillip , Cho Hyunmin , Yeo Junyeob , Hong Sukjoon , Han Seungyong , Kwon Jinhyeong , Cho Kyu‐Jin , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo add more functionalities and overcome the limitation in conventional soft robots, highly anisotropic soft actuators with color shifting function during actuation is demonstrated for the first time. The electrothermally operating soft actuators with installed transparent metal nanowire percolation network heater allow easy programming of their actuation direction and instantaneous visualization of temperature changes through color change. Due to the unique direction dependent coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch, the suggested actuator demonstrates a highly anisotropic and reversible behavior with very large bending curvature (2.5 cm−1) at considerably low temperature (≈40 °C) compared to the previously reported electrothermal soft actuators. The mild operating heat condition required for the maximum curvature enables the superior long‐term stability during more than 10 000 operating cycles. Also, the optical transparency of the polymer bilayer and metal nanowire percolation network heater allow the incorporation of the thermochromic pigments to fabricate color‐shifting actuators. As a proof‐of‐concept, various color‐shifting biomimetic soft robots such as color‐shifting blooming flower, fluttering butterfly, and color‐shifting twining tendril are demonstrated. The developed color‐shifting anisotropic soft actuator is expected to open new application fields and functionalities overcoming the limitation of current soft robots.
E‐Skin Tactile Sensor Matrix Pixelated by Position‐Registered Conductive Microparticles Creating Pressure‐Sensitive Selectors
Authors: You Insang , Choi Song‐Ee , Hwang Hyejin , Han Sang Woo , Kim Jin Woong , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectronic skin (E‐skin) imitates human skin by converting external stimuli into electrical signals. E‐skin requires high flexibility and a high level of device integration. Unlike conventional E‐skin creation methods, a highly sensitive pressure sensor matrix (100 pixels cm−2) made of position‐registered elastic conductive microparticles (MPs) is created. The MPs form a Schottky junction with the bottom electrode and the current through the junction is sensitive to external pressure, forming a simple one‐selector two‐terminal device array. The Schottky junction eliminates the electrical cross talks between the sensor pixels consisting of 64 MPs in each. The flexible pressure sensor matrix is used as an artificial fingertip for Braille reading and as an electronic scale based on detailed force distribution. This work opens up the possibility that assembled MPs, which have been a long‐standing research topic in academia, can be used to make practical electronic devices.
Advances and Biomedical Applications of Polypeptide Hydrogels Derived from α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Polymerizations
Authors: Zhou Xianfeng , Li Zhibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolypeptide hydrogels, having the ability to mimic certain properties of natural, native extracellular matrix components, are being actively designed and described for various applications in the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds, living cell encapsulation, and drug delivery systems. Compared to conventional hydrogels, polypeptide hydrogels possess biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, functional diversity, and structural advantage based on the unique secondary structures (α‐helix and β‐sheet). Furthermore, the progresses in functional N‐carboxyanhydride polymerization combined with advanced orthogonal conjugation techniques significantly promote the development of the polypeptide materials. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering polypeptide hydrogels obtained from ring opening polymerization, highlighting the precise manipulation of their properties for biomedical applications.
Spontaneous Self‐Assembly of Perovskite Nanocrystals into Electronically Coupled Supercrystals: Toward Filling the Green Gap
Authors: Tong Yu , Yao En‐Ping , Manzi Aurora , Bladt Eva , Wang Kun , Döblinger Markus , Bals Sara , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Urban Alexander S. , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of nanoscale building blocks into ordered nanoarchitectures has emerged as a simple and powerful approach for tailoring the nanoscale properties and the opportunities of using these properties for the development of novel optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, the one‐pot synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite supercrystals (SCs) in a colloidal dispersion by ultrasonication is reported. The growth of the SCs occurs through the spontaneous self‐assembly of individual nanocrystals (NCs), which form in highly concentrated solutions of precursor powders. The SCs retain the high photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of their NC subunits, however also exhibit a redshifted emission wavelength compared to that of the individual nanocubes due to interparticle electronic coupling. This redshift makes the SCs pure green emitters with PL maxima at ≈530–535 nm, while the individual nanocubes emit a cyan‐green color (≈512 nm). The SCs can be used as an emissive layer in the fabrication of pure green light‐emitting devices on rigid or flexible substrates. Moreover, the PL emission color is tunable across the visible range by employing a well‐established halide ion exchange reaction on the obtained CsPbBr3 SCs. These results highlight the promise of perovskite SCs for light emitting applications, while providing insight into their collective optical properties.
Modulate Molecular Interaction between Hole Extraction Polymers and Lead Ions toward Hysteresis‐Free and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiang , Fu Weifei , Ding Honghe , Ju Huan‐Xin , Yan Kangrong , Zhang Xinqian , Ding Feizhi , Li Chang‐Zhi , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein three polymeric hole extraction materials (HEMs), poly(benzene‐dithiophene) (PB2T)‐O, PB2T‐S, and PB2T‐SO are presented for p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). This study reveals that the perovskite device hysteresis and performance heavily rely on the perovskite grain boundary conditions. More specifically, they are predetermined through the molecular interaction between Lewis base atoms of HEMs and perovskites. It is revealed that only changing the side chain terminals (OCH3, SCH3, and SOCH3) of HEMs results in effective modulating PVSC performance and hysteresis, due to the effective tune of interaction strength between HEM and perovskite. With an in situ grown perovskite‐HEM bulk heterojunction structure, PB2T‐O with weak binding group (OCH3, −78.9 kcal mol−1 bonding energy) to lead ions allows delivering hysteresis‐free and efficient devices, which is sharp contrast to the strong binding PB2T‐SO (−119.3 kcal mol−1 bonding energy). Overall, this work provides new insights on PVSC hysteresis and the related curing methods via multifunctional HEM design in PVSCs.
Pressure‐Dependent Strong Photoluminescence of Excitons Bound to Defects in WS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Niu Shifeng , Wang Lingrui , Liu Yanhui , Li Quanjun , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are various efforts to tailor the excitonic properties in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for exploring their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the low quantum yields (QYs), despite their direct bandgap nature, have limited the application in much fields. Encouragingly, excitons combined with defects endow WS2 quantum dots (QDs) with certain desirable properties through strain engineering. A strong exciton photoluminescence (PL) of WS2 QDs even up to ≈20 GPa by PL measurements is reported. Their PL reveals that a distinct defect‐induced peak D is located below the neutral exciton peak A. This peak D originates from defect‐bound excitons and intensifies with increasing pressure as more electrons transfer from WS2 QDs to O2. In addition, a transition from direct to indirect bandgap above 4.5 GPa is revealed by both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. The evolution of electronic structure is related to lattice structural distortion. The results provide a new direction for modulating the optical properties of TMDs QDs through utilizing defects–excitons interactions. The pressure‐tuned emission of excitons combined with strong PL from defects sites of WS2 QDs may have promising applications in optoelectronic devices.