bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls resulting in health care among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population
Authors: Axmon A. , Ahlström G. , Sandberg M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFalls are common among older people with intellectual disability (ID) and are also a major contributor to injuries in this population. Yet, fall characteristics have only been sparsely studied, and the results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate type of falls, places where they occurred and activities that caused them, as well as health outcomes and health utilisation patterns after falls, among older people with ID in comparison with their age peers in the general population.MethodsWe established an administrative cohort of people with ID aged 55 years, or more, and alive at the end of 2012 (ID cohort; n = 7936). A cohort from the general population, one‐to‐one matched by sex and year of birth, was used as referents. Data regarding fall‐induced health care episodes in inpatient and outpatient specialist care were collected from the National Patient Register for the period 2002–2012.ResultsWith the exception of falls from one level to another (i.e. fall on and from stairs and steps, ladder and scaffolding; fall from, out of or through building or structure; fall from tree or cliff and diving or jumping into water; or other fall from one level to another), people in the ID cohort were more likely to fall and fall more often than those in the general population cohort. Falls during a vital activity (e.g. attending to personal hygiene or eating) were twice as common among people with ID compared with the general population. When falling, people with ID were more likely to injure their head and legs but less likely to sustain injuries to the thorax and elbow/forearm. They were more likely to have superficial injuries, open wounds and fractures but less likely to have dislocations, sprain and strains. Fall‐related health care visits among people with ID were more likely to be in inpatient care and be unplanned. People with ID were also more likely than those in the general population to have a readmission within 30 days.ConclusionsPeople with ID are more likely to require specialist care after a fall and also more likely to obtain injuries to the head, compared with the general population. This is important to consider when taking preventive measures to reduce falls and fall‐related injuries.
The effect of dietary ginseng polysaccharide supplementation on porcine milk‐derived esRNAs involved in the host immune responses
Authors: Sun Jiajie , Xiong Jiali , Yao Liyuan , Chen Ting , Luo Junyi , Xi Qianyun , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGinseng polysaccharides (GPS) have been well known as an immune modulator. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental GPS on the immune responses involved in sow’s milk‐derived exosomal shuttle RNAs (esRNAs) using RNA‐Seq and miRNA‐Seq. Of the 213 identified miRNA types, a total of 26 conserved miRNAs were differently expressed in response to GPS supplementation, including 10 up‐regulated and 16 down‐regulated miRNAs in GPS feeding group. In addition, exosomal transcriptome analysis identified 14,696 protein‐coding genes in sow’s milk exosomes, and 283 genes with 204 and 79 candidates showing up and down‐regulation were significantly responded to GPS supplementation. Integrated analysis of each differently expressed miRNA with significantly expressed genes further revealed the presence of 51 highly conserved miRNA–gene interactions that were annotated to be related to immunoregulatory functions. This work provided an important advance in the functional identification of dietary GPS supplementation and more fundamental information about how GPS promoted the immune response and healthy growth of the infant from mothers at molecular levels.
Ability of the Fitbit Alta HR to quantify and classify sleep in patients with suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence: A comparison against polysomnography
Authors: Cook Jesse D. , Eftekari Sahand C. , Dallmann Erika , Sippy Megan , Plante David T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMeasuring sleep duration and early onset rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is critical in the assessment of suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH). Current multi‐sensor activity trackers that integrate accelerometry and heart rate are purported to accurately quantify sleep time and REMS; however, their utility in suspected CDH has not been established. This investigation aimed to determine the ability of a current, multi‐sensor tracker, Fitbit Alta HR (FBA‐HR), to quantify and classify sleep in patients with suspected CDH relative to polysomnography (PSG). Forty‐nine patients (46 female; mean age, 30.3 ± 9.84 years) underwent ad libitum PSG with concurrent use of the FBA‐HR. FBA‐HR sleep variable quantification was assessed using Bland‐Altman analysis. FBA‐HR all sleep (AS), light sleep (LS; PSG N1 + N2), deep sleep (DS; PSG N3) and REMS classification was evaluated using epoch‐by‐epoch comparisons. FBA‐HR‐detected sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) were compared against PSG SOMREMPs. FBA‐HR displayed significant overestimation of total sleep time (11.6 min), sleep efficiency (1.98%) and duration of deep sleep (18.2 min). FBA‐HR sensitivity and specificity were as follows: AS, 0.96, 0.58; LS, 0.73, 0.72;DS, 0.67, 0.92; REMS, 0.74, 0.93. The device failed to detect any nocturnal SOREMPs. Device performance did not differ appreciably among diagnostic subgroups. These results suggest FBA‐HR cannot replace EEG‐based measurements of sleep and wake in the diagnostic assessment of suspected CDH, and that improvements in device performance are required prior to adoption in clinical or research settings.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of cefquinome against Pasteurella Multocida in a piglet tissue cage model
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Wu Xun , Huang Zilong , Kang Zheng , Chen Yuqin , Shen Xiangguang , Cai Qinren , Ding Huanzhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo explore the in vivo antimicrobial activity of cefquinome against Pasteurella multocida in piglets, a piglet tissue cage infection model was used in this study. After the population of P. multocida reached 107 CFU/mL in a tissue cage, piglets received an intramuscular administration of cefquinome at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg once daily for 3 days. To assess the tissue cage pharmacokinetics (PKTCF) of cefquinome, tissue cage fluid was collected for cefquinome analysis at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hr after each of the 3 daily drug administrations. Bacteria were counted every 24 hr after drug administration and at 48 and 72 hr after the last administration. Evaluation of the relationship between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters and the antibacterial effect showed that the surrogate of %T > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (R2 = 0.981) was the best PK/PD index that correlated with effectiveness of cefquinome against P. multocida. The respective values of %T > MIC required for continuous 1/3‐log, 1/2‐log, and 1‐log reductions were 14.23, 34.45, and 73.44%, respectively, during each 24‐hr treatment period. In conclusion, cefquinome exhibited a potent antibacterial effect against P. multocida. When %T > MIC reached 73.44%, cefquinome exhibited a bactericidal effect against P. multocida after three successive daily administrations.
Methylglyoxal as a prognostic factor in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Nakaya Izaya , Nakayama Keisuke , Nakayama Masaaki , Yahata Mayumi , Soma Jun 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAimAdvanced glycation end products and their precursors cause vascular damage through oxidative stress. We investigated the hypothesis that methylglyoxal (MG), 3‐deoxyglucosone (3‐DG) and pentosidine influence outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.MethodsWe conducted a 3 years prospective observational study involving 150 outpatients at CKD stages 3–5. At enrolment, MG, 3‐DG and pentosidine plasma concentrations were measured; patients were divided into tertiles according to the concentration of each substance. The primary endpoint was death, a cardiovascular event or end‐stage renal disease. Survival analysis was performed using the Cox regression model.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 62 ± 12 years, 97 were men, and 20 had diabetic nephropathy. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 25.0 ± 12.1 mL/min per 1.73 m2, which negatively correlated with MG but not with 3‐DG and pentosidine. Forty‐eight patients reached the primary endpoint. Compared with the lowest MG tertile, the hazard ratio for the primary endpoint was 7.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71–33.54) in the middle tertile and 27.00 (CI: 6.46–112.82) in the highest tertile. When adjusted for characteristics at baseline, the corresponding hazard ratio decreased to 2.09 (CI: 0.37–11.96) and 6.13 (CI: 0.97–38.82), but MG tertile remained an independent risk factor for the primary endpoint. However, 3‐DG and pentosidine were not related to the primary outcome.ConclusionMethylglyoxal has a close clinical association with CKD. Higher MG concentrations may contribute renal function deterioration in CKD. In CKD patients, MG concentration might be useful when determining the prognosis.
Upregulation of intestinal mucosal mast cells expressing VPAC1 in close proximity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in inflammatory bowel disease and murine colitis
Authors: Casado‐Bedmar Maite , Heil Stéphanie D. S. , Myrelid Pär , Söderholm Johan D. , Keita Åsa V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMast cells (MCs) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have been proposed as regulators of the intestinal barrier and inflammation. Our aim was to map the distribution in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and murine colitis.MethodsMCs, VIP, and VIP‐receptors (VPACs) were quantified by immunofluorescence and enzyme‐immunoassay (EIA) in ileal tissues (villus epithelium (VE) and adjacent VE, ie, VE next to the follicle‐associated epithelium, (FAE)) from Crohn's disease (CD; n = 16) and non‐IBD patients, and in colonic specimens of ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 12) and healthy controls (HCs). In addition, VIP levels were measured in plasma from HCs, non‐IBD, and IBD in remission (CD n = 30; UC n = 30). Colon, ileum, and plasma from mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and control mice were analyzed likewise.Key ResultsFAE‐adjacent VE in ileum of CD possessed more MCs (P < 0.05) and MCs expressing VPAC1 (P < 0.05), but not VPAC2, compared to controls. Both adjacent and regular VE of CD had more MCs co‐localizing/in close proximity to VIP (P < 0.05). In UC colon, more MCs (P < 0.0005), MCs close to VIP (P < 0.0005), and MCs expressing VPAC1 (P < 0.05) were found compared to controls. VIP levels were elevated in plasma from CD and UC compared to controls (P < 0.0005). Colon of DSS mice showed more MCs and MCs close to VIP (P < 0.05) compared to control mice. In vitro experiments revealed MCs expressing VPACs and internalized VIP after 120 minutes of VIP‐stimulation.Conclusions and InferencesCommunication between MCs and VIP is upregulated during IBD and mice colitis. In CD patients, the epithelium next to FAE seems to be more involved than the surrounding VE, suggesting increased MC‐VIP‐interactions in this intestinal region.
Successful long‐term hematological and immunological reconstitution by autologous cord blood transplantation combined with post‐transplant immunosuppression in two children with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Georgia Avgerinou , Christina Oikonomopoulou , Aikaterini Kaisari , Elda Ioannidou , Anna Komitopoulou , Anna Paisiou , Natalia Tourkantoni , Maria Filippidou , Antonios Kattamis , George Vessalas , Ioulia Peristeri , Evgenios Goussetis , Vasiliki Kitra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractaUCBT is a valuable curative option in pediatric patients with refractory idiopathic SAA and no available matched sibling or unrelated donors. Experience in the use of autologous cord blood units in patients with SAA is limited and private for‐profit cord blood‐banking programs are controversial. We report the successful treatment of two patients with SAA, aged 15 and 24 months, with autologous cord blood combined with immunosuppression. After conditioning with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and ATG, 7.5 mg/kg, 32.2 × 107/kg, and 3.8 × 107/kg autologous cord blood nucleated cells were infused, respectively. One of our patients underwent transplantation after failure of IST. Both patients received post‐transplant immunosuppression with cyclosporine for 12 months. They remain disease‐free 6 years post‐transplantation.
Respiratory adjuncts to NIV in neuromuscular disease
Authors: Sheers Nicole , Howard Mark E. , Berlowitz David J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTMuscle weakness is an intrinsic feature of neuromuscular diseases (NMD). When the respiratory muscles are involved, the ability to take a deep breath is compromised, leading to reduced lung volumes and a restrictive ventilatory impairment. Inspiratory, expiratory and bulbar muscle weakness can also impair cough, which may impede secretion clearance. Non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) is an established and indispensable therapy to manage hypoventilation and respiratory failure. The role of other therapies that support respiratory health is less clearly defined, and the evidence of efficacy is also harder to summarize as the underlying data are of a lesser quality. This narrative review appraises the evidence for respiratory therapies in adults with NMD and respiratory system involvement. Techniques that assist lung inflation and augment cough, such as lung volume recruitment (LVR) and mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E), are a particular focus of this review. The evidence suggests that LVR, MI‐E and various combinations thereof have clinical utility generally, but important methodological limitations limit the strength of clinical recommendations and hamper the integration of evidence into practice. Future trials should prospectively assess the long‐term impact of LVR and cough augmentation on clinical outcomes and burden of care in addition to lung mechanics, as well as determine clear predictors of benefit from these techniques.
Adoption and impact of improved maize varieties on maize yields: Evidence from central Cameroon
Authors: Takam‐Fongang Guy Martial , Kamdem Cyrille Bergaly , Kane Gilles Quentin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study uses both the endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching models to analyze the adoption and impact of improved maize varieties on maize yields in central Cameroon. The results show that (i) education level, agricultural training, proximity to an Institute of Agricultural Research for Development branch and farmers’ perceptions of yield and risk of improved maize varieties significantly affect the adoption of improved maize varieties and (ii) the adoption of improved maize varieties enhances maize yields. Therefore, policies designed to stimulate adoption of improved maize varieties should be promoted. Improvement of access to school and agricultural training may serve as good strategies for promoting the adoption of improved maize varieties in Cameroon.
Flux singularities in multiphase wavetrains and the Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili equation with applications to stratified hydrodynamics
Authors: Ratliff Daniel J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper illustrates how the singularity of the wave action flux causes the Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili (KP) equation to arise naturally from the modulation of a two‐phased wavetrain, causing the dispersion to emerge from the classical Whitham modulation theory. Interestingly, the coefficients of the resulting KP are shown to be related to the associated conservation of wave action for the original wavetrain, and therefore may be obtained prior to the modulation. This provides a universal form for the KP as a dispersive reduction from any Lagrangian with the appropriate wave action flux singularity. The theory is applied to the full water wave problem with two layers of stratification, illustrating how the KP equation arises from the modulation of a uniform flow state and how its coefficients may be extracted from the system.
Reassessment of clinical implication of pretransplant surgical procedures for pulmonary invasive fungal lesions
Authors: Shingai Naoki , Kaito Satoshi , Yamada Yuta , Konishi Tatsuya , Nagata Akihito , Kurosawa Shuhei , Watakabe‐Inamoto Kyoko , Igarashi Aiko , Najima Yuho , Muto Hideharu , Kobayashi Takeshi , Doki Noriko , Kakihana Kazuhiko , Sakamaki Hisashi , Ohashi Kazuteru 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDealing with the recent series of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) performed this decade, we reassessed the clinical impact of pretransplant surgical procedures (SP) for pulmonary lesions of invasive fungal disease (IFD) on subsequent transplant outcome. We focused on the clinical outcomes of seven patients with pulmonary IFD who underwent segmentectomy (n = 4), lobectomy (n = 2) or abscess incision with drainage only (n = 1), and compared results to those of 21 patients carrying pulmonary IFD who never underwent invasive SP before allo‐SCT. The rate of exacerbation of pulmonary lesions by 180 days after allo‐SCT did not differ significantly between groups (32.2% vs 42.9%, P = 0.69). Moreover, no significant differences in non‐relapse mortality (46.4% vs 42.3%, P = 0.93) or overall survival (53.6% vs 30.9%, P = 0.45) at 1 year were evident between groups. These results indicate that pretransplant SP for pulmonary lesions might have no survival benefit under the current antifungal prophylaxis or treatment modality.
Ex vivo cadaveric study of a laterally placed Leipzig stifle distractor for arthroscopic evaluation of the lateral meniscus in dogs
Authors: Götzens Bruno , Medl Susanne C. , Medl Nikola S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and accuracy of lateral pin placement for the use of a Leipzig stifle distractor (LSD) and to assess improvements in visualization and treatment of the lateral meniscus in the canine stifle.Study designEx vivo cadaveric study.Sample populationPaired canine cadaveric hind limbs (n = 10).MethodsPins for the LSD were placed from lateral to medial in the distal femur and proximal tibia. Safety and accuracy of lateral pin placement were evaluated via anatomical dissection, computed tomography (CT), and arthroscopy. In every case, distraction of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint space was evaluated arthroscopically, and the meniscus was probed. Afterward, the limbs were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, and a partial meniscectomy was attempted with or without distraction. Stifles were disarticulated to evaluate the meniscectomy and iatrogenic cartilage damage.ResultsComputed tomography revealed some variation in pin placement, although sufficient distraction was achieved for all stifle joints. No damage to the surrounding structures was observed during anatomical dissection, CT, or arthroscopy. Disarticulation provided evidence that using an LSD allowed for complete caudal horn meniscectomies and less articular cartilage damage than when meniscectomy was attempted with manual distraction.ConclusionLateral placement of an LSD proved to be safe and effective for the distraction of the lateral femorotibial joint space and the examination and treatment of the lateral meniscus in dogs weighing 18‐42 kg.Clinical significanceCanine lateral meniscus pathology, although rare, leads to severe pain. A laterally placed LSD improves arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of this pathology.
BAI’-AL-INAH MENURUT MUAMALAT- ANALISIS DARI PERSPEKTIF PERISIAN APLIKASI (BAI'-AL-INAH: AN ANALYSIS FROM SOFTWARE APPLICATION PERSPECTIVE)
Authors: Hehsan Nurshuhadak , Salamon Hussin 
Published: November 2018

The concept of Bai 'Al-Inah is one kind of Islamic banking loan products adopted by several Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia. Bai 'Al-Inah terms and in the context of Islamic banking is selling to raise cash immediately (immediate cash-facility). However, it is a scheme application status is still disputed by the ulama’ salaf among modern Muslim world. Research should be viewed from the aspect of both the extent to which differences of view and to what extent the adoption and implementation of these concepts are implemented according to the principles of Muamalah Fiqh. In this study, the author is looking at the performance in terms of technical (software Bai 'Al-Inah) that have been adopted so far by Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia. Selection of the concept of Bai’ Al-Inah chosen for being the highest services offered by Islamic banking institutions and is the main service subscribed by the people of Malaysia. Although the Shariah Advisory Council of Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM) has been to try and make sure to constantly keep all that felt inappropriate to claim Muamalah Fiqh. However, this does not mean that Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia are now complete for the study authors on some of the existing terms and conditions in this service is still exist some practices that conflict with the claims Muamalah Fiqh. Finally, the paper work to see the constraints that exist and make recommendations and suggestions for improvement and the reference to be updated in the future for the development of Islamic banking in Malaysia in particular and the Muslim world in general.
The Impact of Islam on The Concept of Government of The Sultanate of Malacca During The 15th Century
Authors: Mamat Ismail 
Published: November 2018

This article attempts to look at the impact of Islamization process on the Sultanate of Malacca during the 15th century. Islam has offered civilizational life for the Malays. Malacca grew from an unknown place during the pre-Islamic period to become one of the well-known centres of Islamic religion and culture in the region. Islam has changed the status of Malacca after reducing its pre-Islamic customs and ways of life. The importance of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca has been well-documented and much has been written about it by many authors either by Malaysians such as Buyong Adi1, Kernal Singh Sandhu, Mohd Jamil Mukmin, Mohd Taib Osman, Muhammad Yusoff Hashim, Abu Hassan Sham, Khoo Kay Kim, and Joginder Singh Jessy, and Zubir Usman, or by the non-Malaysians including R. O. Winstedt, R. J. Wilkinson, Walter William Skeat, C. O. Blagden, Paul Wheatley, D. G. Hall, F. J. Moorhead, J. Bantin and R. Roolvink, J. Kennedy, John Bastin, Liang Liji, M. B. Hooker, Nicholas Tarling, Paul Wheatley, Sarnia Hayes Hoyt, T. W. Arnold, W. P. Groeneveldt, Christoper H. Wake, P. E. de Josselin de Jong and H. L. A van Wijk, Robert W. McRoberts, and Wang Gangwu. They wrote on various genres of literature and culture of the Malays as well as the history of the Sultanate. However, some of them especially the orientalists, because of their adoption of various Western social theories, this application of such theory to the sultanate or the Malay society yield untenable results. We shall argue some of whom tend to regard Islam as unimportant in shaping the Malay worldview, society and identity. This article will emphasize the civilizational significance of the Islamic impact by looking at the system of political authority and the concept of government of the Sultanate.