bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone for the management of acute primary angle closure: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Li Xingyi , Gao Kai , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo investigate whether the combined subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone can accelerate the decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute primary angle closure (APAC)-affected eyes.Methods42 patients with APAC were recruited for a randomised controlled trial. These patients were separated into two groups: the injection group (21 patients) and the control group (21 patients). The injection group was subjected to a subconjunctival injection with 2.5 mg dexamethasone. Other drug treatments were the same with the control group. The follow-up was at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injection. The outcome measures include IOP and intraocular inflammation variables.ResultsThe IOP was significantly decreased in both groups after treatment. However, 24 hours after the initial treatment, the IOP of the injection group was significantly lower compared with the control group (p = 0.017). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the total success rate of the injection group and the control group were 79.7% and 54.9% at 24 hours after treatment (p = 0.027), respectively. For the comparison of anterior chamber inflammation, the severity of conjunctival erythema, ciliary flush and pain in the injection group was also lower than that in the control group at 24 hours after treatment(p = 0.012, p = 0.048 and p = 0.013, respectively). No statistical significance was found between the two groups regarding the anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare and photophobia.ConclusionThe combined subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone for the management of APAC eyes can significantly accelerate the relief of high IOP, and therefore, improve the success rate of treatment.
Planning After Stroke Survival: Advance Care Planning in the Stroke Clinic
Authors: Johnson Paul D. , Ulrich Angela , Siv Jenny , Taylor Breana , Tirschwell David , Creutzfeldt Claire J. 
Published: April 2019

Background

Stroke survivors have high rates of mortality and recurrent stroke. Stroke patients are often unable to participate in decision making, highlighting the need for advance care planning (
ACP
) in poststroke care. We sought to better understand experiences and perceptions around stroke risk and
ACP
in our stroke clinic.

Methods and Results

Clinic patients completed the Planning After Stroke Survival survey assessing (1) advance directive (
AD
) documentation and
ACP
conversations, (2) factors associated with
ADs
and
ACP
, (3) perceptions of stroke risk, and (4)
ACP
needs. We used a physician survey and the electronic medical record to assess clinical and demographic information. We collected 219 surveys (78% response rate). Forty‐five percent reported having completed
ADs
, although the correlation between patient report and
EMS
documentation of
ADs
was low. Most patients (73%) had discussed
ACP
, and 58% desired additional conversation. Predictors of completing
ADs
included age (≥65 years; odds ratio, 4.8; 95%
CI,
2.3–10.1), white race (odds ratio, 3.1; 95%
CI
, 1.2–7.8), milder poststroke disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1; odds ratio, 2.9; 95%
CI
, 1.3–6.4), having previously discussed
ACP
with a physician (odds ratio, 4.8; 95%
CI
, 2.0–11.7), and discussing risk of stroke recurrence (odds ratio, 2.2; 95%
CI
, 1.1–4.5).

Conclusions

Stroke survivors had low
AD
completion rates and desired more conversations about stroke risk and
ACP
. Completed
ADs
were inconsistently documented in the electronic medical record. These findings provide guidance to improve
ACP
in our stroke clinic and may provide a model for others interested in enhancing
ACP
and ultimately goal‐concordant care.
Simultaneous analyses of carbohydrate-mediated serum GLP-1 and GLP-2 and duodenal receptor expression in children with and without celiac disease
Authors: Rachmiel Marianna , Ben-Yehudah Gilad , Shirin Haim , Broide Efrat 
Published: April 2019

Background: Variability in glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 plasma concentrations has been suggested in Celiac disease (CD), with inconclusive results. We assessed the association between serum levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 and their duodenal receptor expression in children with and without CD. Methods: This was a two-part, cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. Group assignment, performed after duodenal samples for mRNA expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) and GLP-2 receptor (GLP2R), were taken during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The control group consisted of patients with normal endoscopy and negative serology. The CD group consisted of patients with positive serology and endoscopy suggestive of CD. All had an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). CD patients underwent a second OGTT after 6 months of a gluten-free diet (GFD). Results: The CD group included 12 patients; 7 males with mean age 9.2 ± 2.5 years. The control group included 10 patients; 5 males with mean age 12 ± 4 years, ( p = 0.14). No differences were detected in basal or peak levels of GLP-1 or GLP-2 between control, naïve CD (before GFD) and treated CD (after GFD) groups. Expression of GLP1R and GLP2R mRNA was similar. Significant positive correlations between glucose and C-peptide secretion ( r = 0.9, p < 0.01) and GLP-1 and GLP-2 ( r = 0.8, p = 0.01) were detected in the control group. Significant negative correlations were found in the naïve CD group between GLP2R expression and glucose secretion ( r = −0.68, p = 0.015) and GLP1R expression and serum GLP-1 ( r = −0.7, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Although no significant differences were detected in secretion patterns or gut receptor expression of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in healthy versus CD pediatric patients, the detected discrepancy between the ligand levels and their tissue receptors requires additional study.
An Open-Label Feasibility Trial Examining the Effectiveness of a Cognitive Training Program, Goal Management Training, in Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Boyd Jenna E. , O’Connor Charlene , Protopopescu Alina , Jetly Rakesh , Rhind Shawn G. , Lanius Ruth A. , McKinnon Margaret C. 
Published: April 2019

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysfunction across multiple cognitive domains including executive functioning, attention, and verbal memory. This dysfunction is associated with negative impacts on functional outcomes (e.g., work or social functioning) and reduced response to psychotherapy for PTSD. Despite this knowledge, little work has investigated the efficacy of cognitive remediation strategies in improving cognition and functional outcomes among individuals with PTSD. Objective The current study investigated the efficacy of an established cognitive remediation program, Goal Management Training (GMT), in improving cognitive functioning in a pilot sample of individuals with PTSD symptoms in an inpatient treatment setting. Method Thirty-four inpatients with PTSD symptoms participated in either GMT in addition to treatment as usual (TAU; consisting of psychiatric management, group and individual psychotherapy) (TAU+GMT; n = 18) or TAU alone ( n = 16). The TAU+GMT group received neuropsychological assessment at baseline and posttreatment, while both the TAU+GMT and TAU groups received assessment with clinical self-report measures at baseline and posttreatment. Results Paired-sample t-tests revealed significant improvements on measures of executive functioning (e.g., response inhibition, cognitive flexibility), processing speed, sustained attention, and verbal memory in the TAU+GMT group. Mixed-design analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a trend toward an interaction effect indicating potentially greater improvements on a measure of the ability to engage in goal-directed behaviors while highly emotional in the TAU+GMT group as compared to the TAU group. Discussion The results of this small feasibility investigation of GMT in PTSD point toward the potential efficacy of GMT in ameliorating cognitive difficulties in individuals with PTSD.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the artesunate–mefloquine fixed dose combination for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children
Authors: Guidi Monia , Mercier Thomas , Aouri Manel , Decosterd Laurent A. , Csajka Chantal , Ogutu Bernhards , Carn Gwénaëlle , Kiechel Jean-René 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends combinations of an artemisinin derivative plus an anti-malarial drug of longer half-life as treatment options for uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparuminfections. In Africa, artesunate–mefloquine (ASMQ) is an infrequently used artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) because of perceived poor tolerance to mefloquine. However, the WHO has recommended reconsideration of the use of ASMQ in Africa. In this large clinical study, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a fixed dose combination of ASMQ was investigated in an African paediatric population to support dosing recommendations used in Southeast Asia and South America.MethodsAmong the 472 paediatric patients aged 6–59 months from six African centres included in the large clinical trial, a subset of 50 Kenyan children underwent intensive sampling to develop AS, its metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and MQ PK models. The final MQ PK model was validated using sparse data collected in the remaining participants (NONMEM®). The doses were one or two tablets containing 25/55 mg AS/MQ administered once a day for 3 days according to patients’ age. A sensitive LC–MS/MS method was used to quantify AS, DHA and MQ concentrations in plasma. An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between the absence/presence of malaria recrudescence and MQ area under the curve (AUC) using logistic regression.ResultsAS/DHA concentration–time profiles were best described using a one-compartment model for both compounds with irreversible AS conversion into DHA. AS/DHA PK were characterized by a significant degree of variability. Body weight affected DHA PK parameters. MQ PK was characterized by a two-compartment model and a large degree of variability. Allometric scaling of MQ clearances and volumes of distribution was used to depict the relationship between MQ PK and body weight. No association was found between the model predicted AUC and appearance of recrudescence.ConclusionsThe population pharmacokinetic models developed for both AS/DHA and MQ showed a large variability in drug exposure in the investigated African paediatric population. The largest contributor to this variability was body weight, which is accommodated for by the ASMQ fixed dose combination (FDC) dosing recommendation. Besides body weight considerations, there is no indication that the dosage should be modified in children with malaria compared to adults.Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201202000278282 registration date 2011/02/16
Immune contexture defined by single cell technology for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy guidance in cancer
Authors: Wu Tong , Wu Xuan , Wang Hong‐Yang , Chen Lei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTumor immune microenvironment is closely related to tumor initiation, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. The immune landscapes, number of infiltrating immune cells, and the localization of lymphocytes in the tumor vary in across different types of tumors. The immune contexture in cancer, which is determined by the density, composition, functional state and organization of the leukocyte infiltrate of the tumor, can yield information relevant to the prediction of treatment response and patients’ prognosis. Better understanding of the immune atlas in human tumors have been achieved with the development and application of single‐cell analysis technology, which has provided a reference for prognosis, and insights on new targets for immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the different characteristics of immune contexture in cancer defined by a variety of single‐cell techniques, which have enhanced our understanding on the pathophysiology of the tumor microenvironment. We believe that there are much more to be uncovered in this rapidly developing field of medicine, and they will predict the prognosis of cancer patients and guide the rational design of immunotherapies for success in cancer eradication.
Apc-related models of intestinal neoplasia: a brief review for pathologists
Authors: Washington Kay , Zemper Annie Elizabeth Dietz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRodent models of intestinal cancer are widely used as preclinical models for human colorectal carcinoma and have proven useful in many experimental contexts, including elucidation of basic pathways of carcinogenesis and in chemoprevention studies. One of the earliest genetically engineered mouse models of intestinal cancer is the ApcMin/+ mouse, which has been used for over 25 years. This model carriers a mutation in the Apc gene, which is responsible for the inherited colon cancer syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis coli, in humans. In this review, we discuss the pathologic features of ApcMin/+-type intestinal adenomas and carcinomas, and compare them to the analogous human lesions. Pitfalls of assessment of histopathology of the mouse such as non-invasive mucosal herniation in prolapse are also described.
Bifidobacterium longum 1714™ Strain Modulates Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers During Social Stress
Authors: Wang Huiying , Braun Christoph , Murphy Eileen F. , Enck Paul 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system, possibly through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, and influences brain function. B. longum 1714™ has previously been shown to attenuate cortisol output and stress responses in healthy subjects exposed to an acute stressor. However, the ability of B. longum 1714™ to modulate brain function in humans is unclear.

METHODS:
In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of B. longum 1714™ on neural responses to social stress, induced by the “Cyberball game,” a standardized social stress paradigm, were studied. Forty healthy volunteers received either B. longum 1714™ or placebo for 4 weeks at a dose of 1 × 109 cfu/d. Brain activity was measured using magnetoencephalography and health status using the 36-item short-form health survey.

RESULTS:

B. longum 1714™ altered resting-state neural oscillations, with an increase in theta band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and a decrease in beta-3 band in the hippocampus, fusiform, and temporal cortex (P < 0.05), both of which were associated with subjective vitality changes. All groups showed increased social stress after a 4-week intervention without an effect at behavioral level due to small sample numbers. However, only B. longum 1714™ altered neural oscillation after social stress, with increased theta and alpha band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

B. longum 1714™ modulated resting neural activity that correlated with enhanced vitality and reduced mental fatigue. Furthermore, B. longum 1714™ modulated neural responses during social stress, which may be involved in the activation of brain coping centers to counter-regulate negative emotions.
Pentazocine, a Kappa-Opioid Agonist, Is Better Than Diclofenac for Analgesia in Acute Pancreatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahapatra Soumya Jagannath , Jain Saransh , Bopanna Sawan , Gupta Swatantra , Singh Preet , Trikha Anjan , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Shalimar  , Garg Pramod Kumar 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
The ideal analgesic is not known for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Concerns have been raised about serious adverse effects of opioid analgesics increasing the severity of AP. We hypothesized that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might be better analgesics because of their anti-inflammatory effect. Our objective was to compare pentazocine, an opioid, and diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for adequate analgesia in patients with AP.

METHODS:
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients with AP were randomized to either intravenous diclofenac 75 mg or pentazocine 30 mg. Fentanyl was given as a rescue analgesic through a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Primary outcome was pain relief measured objectively by the dose of fentanyl required as the rescue analgesic, pain-free period, and numbers of effective and ineffective demands of fentanyl. Secondary outcome was adverse events.

RESULTS:
Fifty patients were randomized, 24 to the pentazocine group and 26 to the diclofenac group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Pentazocine was found to be better than diclofenac in terms of significantly lower dose of the rescue analgesic (fentanyl) required (126 μg (interquartile range (IQR) 65–218 μg) vs 225.5 μg (IQR 133–427 μg); P = 0.028) and longer pain-free period (31.1 ± 8.2 vs 27.9 ± 6.6 hours, P = 0.047). The number of effective and ineffective demands was lower in the pentazocine group compared with the diclofenac group (11.5 (IQR 8–15) vs 16 (IQR 13–20), P = 0.098) although not statistically significant. Adverse events were similar between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pentazocine, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, was significantly better than diclofenac for pain relief in AP (Trial registration number: CTRI/2016/09/007326).
Boolean functions as points on the hypersphere in the Euclidean space
Authors: Logachev Oleg A. , Fedorov Sergey N. , Yashchenko Valerii V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A new approach to the study of algebraic, combinatorial, and cryptographic properties of Boolean functions is proposed. New relations between functions have been revealed by consideration of an injective mapping of the set of Boolean functions onto the sphere in a Euclidean space. Moreover, under this mapping some classes of functions have extremely regular localizations on the sphere. We introduce the concept of curvature of a Boolean function, which characterizes its proximity (in some sense) to maximally nonlinear functions.
Effect of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils on the curing kinetics of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin
Authors: Wu Guomin , Feng Xinhao , Jin Can , Kong Zhenwu , Wang Siqun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In order to increase the curing rate of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin, different contents of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) were blended into the PMDI. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine how the addition of L-CNFs influences the curing kinetics of PMDI resin. The activation energy (Ea
) of the curing reaction of PMDI/L-CNF systems was calculated using the Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model-free methods. The results showed that Ea
values calculated by the aforementioned three methods varied in a similar trend with the increase in the L-CNF content. Adding L-CNFs could decrease the Ea
value of the curing reaction of PMDI and speed up the curing reaction. The acceleration of the cure rate of the PMDI resin upon the addition of L-CNFs may be attributable to the effective dispersion of the L-CNFs into the PMDI resin as well as the reaction between the hydroxyl (-OH) groups of the L-CNFs and the isocyanate (-NCO) groups of the PMDI.
Precise ground state properties of the heaviest elements for studies of their atomic and nuclear structure
Authors: Block Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The precise determination of atomic and nuclear properties such as masses, differential charge radii, nuclear spins and electromagnetic moments of exotic nuclides has recently been extended to the region of the heaviest elements. To this end, ion trap-based techniques and laser spectroscopy methods have been employed to provide information complementary to that obtained by nuclear spectroscopy. This enables more detailed studies of the atomic and nuclear structure of these exotic nuclides far from stability. This contribution summarizes some of the recent achievements and addresses future perspectives for measurements on even heavier elements.
100 Years of E04 Development of Metallography Standards
Authors: Vander Voort George F. 
Published: April 2019

Description
Get 14 peer-reviewed papers on metallography and related ASTM standards. You’ll learn about the use of metallographic techniques to better understand and control problems and quality and get an in-depth review of current ASTM metals standards.
Topics include
The papers in this book were presented at a symposium celebrating the 100th anniversary of ASTM International Committee E04 on Metallography held in November 2017.
Italian Cinema’s Sound Archives
Authors: Meandri Ilario 
Published: April 2019

This article presents a historiographical inquiry into the instruments and technologies employed in Italian Foley art during the 1960s, drawing on an ethnography of the manual techniques involved in sound post-production. It draws on extensive research based on oral accounts of technical directors, Foley artists, rerecording mixers, and sound technicians employed in post-production facilities in and around Rome since the late 1950s. The first section considers the Foley artist’s status and responsibilities within the industrial organization of sound post-production in the 1960s; the second analyzes a category of sound effects in which Foley artists specialized early on, the so-called rumori sala(“Foley stage sounds”). The third section examines how Foley artists progressively extended the scope of their work to include ambienti (“ambient sounds”) and so-called effetti sonori speciali (“special sound effects”), which had previously been the prerogative of fonici (“re-recording and production sound mixers”). The final section discusses the long-term consequences of these changes in the creation of ambient sounds. There is also brief consideration of the introduction and development of the so-called macchina per ambienti(“ambient sound machine”), which remained in vogue in post-production practices until the mid-1990s and was, as far as is known, used exclusively in Italy.