bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superchilled storage (−2.5 ± 1°C) extends the retention of taste‐active and volatile compounds of yellow‐feather chicken soup
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhu Jing , Qi Jun , Wang Peng , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work investigated the effects of refrigerated storage (RS: 4 ± 1°C) and superchilled storage (SS: −2.5 ± 1°C) on non‐volatile and volatile compounds in chicken soup made from Chinese yellow‐feather broilers. The results from total viable count (TVC) and coliform analysis showed that soups were safe for human consumption after a storage period of 42 days. SS resulted in a significantly (p < .05) higher content of free amino acids (umami and sweet taste) and 5′‐nucleotides (inosine 5′‐monophosphate and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate) from 21 to 42 days compared to RS. Hexanal, (E)‐2‐decenal, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal and 2‐pentyl furan were described as the primary odorants. SS showed significantly lower values (p < .05) for ketones and hydrocarbons, higher values for aldehydes and alcohols from 14 to 42 days, when compared to RS. The results suggest that SS improved the flavor retention of chicken soup after 21 days of storage and is a potential alternative treatment compared to RS.
CP‐25 Alleviates Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome Features in NOD/Ltj Mice and Modulates T Lymphocyte Subsets
Authors: Gu Fang , Xu Shixia , Zhang Pengying , Chen Xiaoyun , Wu Yujing , Wang Chun , Gao Mei , Si Min , Wang Xinming , Heinrich Korner , Wu Huaxun , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness of the moisture‐producing glands such as salivary glands that is characterized by various immune abnormalities. The aetiology of pSS remains unclear and there is no curative agent. In this study, we investigated the putative therapeutic effects on a NOD/Ltj mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome‐like disorders of an ester derivative of paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin‐6′O‐benzene (termed CP‐25). Our study showed that CP‐25 alleviated effectively clinical manifestations in NOD/Ltj mice resulting, for example, in increased salivary flow and reduced histopathological scores. Furthermore, CP‐25 decreased lymphocyte viability in NOD/Ltj mice and attenuated the infiltration of Th1 cells and Th2 cells into the salivary glands of NOD/Ltj mice. In the spleen on NOD/Ltj mice, CP‐25 skewed the ratio of Th17 and regulatory T cells towards regulatory T cells. After treatment, concentrations of anti‐La/SSB and IgG antibodies were reduced and the titre of the inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐17A in the serum on NOD/Ltj mice was alleviated. Thus, we define CP‐25 as a novel compound that is a potent therapeutic agent for pSS by modulating T lymphocyte subsets. Future studies will validate the use of CP‐25 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pSS.
Using Survival Information in Truncation by Death Problems without the Monotonicity Assumption
Authors: Yang Fan , Ding Peng 
Published: April 2018

Summary
In some randomized clinical trials, patients may die before the measurement time point of their outcomes. Even though randomization generates comparable treatment and control groups, the remaining survivors often differ significantly in background variables that are prognostic to the outcomes. This is called the truncation by death problem. Under the potential outcomes framework, the only well-defined causal effect on the outcome is within the subgroup of patients who would always survive under both treatment and control. Because the definition of the subgroup depends on the potential values of the survival status that could not be observed jointly, without making strong parametric assumptions, we cannot identify the causal effect of interest and consequently can only obtain bounds of it. Unfortunately, however, many bounds are too wide to be useful. We propose to use detailed survival information before and after the measurement time point of the outcomes to sharpen the bounds of the subgroup causal effect. Because survival times contain useful information about the final outcome, carefully utilizing them could improve statistical inference without imposing strong parametric assumptions. Moreover, we propose to use a copula model to relax the commonly-invoked but often doubtful monotonicity assumption that the treatment extends the survival time for all patients.
A new approach to the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia targeting the receptor for growth hormone‐releasing hormone
Authors: Jimenez Joaquin J. , DelCanto Gina M. , Popovics Petra , Perez Aymee , Vila Granda Ailin , Vidaurre Irving , Cai Ren‐Zhi , Rick Ferenc G. , Swords Ronan T. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryGrowth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH). GHRH can also be produced by human cancers, in which it functions as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor. We have previously shown that synthetic antagonistic analogues of GHRH are able to successfully suppress the growth of 60 different human cancer cell lines representing over 20 cancers. Nevertheless, the expression of GHRH and its receptors in leukaemias has never been examined. Our study demonstrates the presence of GHRH receptor (GHRH‐R) on 3 of 4 human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines—K‐562, THP‐1, and KG‐1a—and significant inhibition of proliferation of these three cell lines in vitro following incubation with the GHRH antagonist MIA‐602. We further show that this inhibition of proliferation is associated with the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic genes and inhibition of Akt signalling in leukaemic cells. Treatment with MIA‐602 of mice bearing xenografts of these human AML cell lines drastically reduced tumour growth. The expression of GHRH‐R was further confirmed in 9 of 9 samples from patients with AML. These findings offer a new therapeutic approach to this malignancy and suggest a possible role of GHRH‐R signalling in the pathology of AML.
Insights into the effects of the endocannabinoid system in cancer: a review
Authors: Fraguas‐Sánchez Ana Isabel , Martín‐Sabroso Cristina , Torres‐Suárez Ana Isabel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the last few decades, the endocannabinoid system has attracted a great deal of interest in terms of its applications to clinical medicine. In particular, its applications in cancer probably represent one of the therapeutic areas with most promise. On the one hand, expression of the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours, compared to healthy tissue, and this aberrant expression has been related to cancer prognosis and disease outcome, suggesting a role of this system in tumour growth and progression that depends on cancer type. On the other hand, cannabinoids exert an anticancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells and also tumour angiogenesis. However, some cannabinoids, at lower concentrations, may increase tumour proliferation, inducing cancer growth. Enough data has been provided to consider the endocannabinoid system as a new therapeutic target in cancer, although further studies to fully establish the effect of cannabinoids on tumour progression are still needed.
Family Photography and Persecuted Communities: Methodological Challenges
Authors: McAllister Kirsten Emiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines methodological challenges involved in conducting research on family photographs from persecuted communities, using Japanese Canadian photos as a case study. Approaching family photography as a social practice that instills dominant familial ideologies, the paper examines their “performative scripts” that arrange family members according to normative identities and roles. The paper argues that researchers are not immune to scripts that shape how and what we have been socialized to see (and not see) in family photos. The paper thus presents techniques to distance oneself from these performative scripts and one's involvement in their social and emotional dynamics. Once able to disentangle oneself from the genre's normative practices, the paper argues it is necessary to situate the photos in their social and political context of persecution and survival. Given the insular, inward looking character of family photographs, the paper concludes by calling for intersectional analyses, reflecting on how one might bring one's own family photos into engagement with the photos of Indigenous families and turns to those of the Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish) Nation.
Sibling Experiences in Middle Childhood Predict Sibling Differences in College Graduation
Authors: Sun Xiaoran , McHale Susan M. , Updegraff Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2018

To illuminate how within‐family differences in achievement may emerge, this study examined sibling experiences in middle childhood as predictors of sibling differences in college graduation. First‐ and second‐borns from 152 families reported on their experiences with siblings and parents at ages 11.80 (SD = 0.56) and 9.22 (SD = 0.90), respectively, and on their educational attainment at about age 26. Significant childhood predictors of sibling differences in college graduation status included low sibling warmth, fathers’ differential time spent with siblings, and perceived unfair differential treatment by parents. Findings suggest long‐term implications of early sibling dynamics for educational attainment and provided novel insights into families’ role in achievement.
Preschool and Children's Outcomes in Elementary School: Have Patterns Changed Nationwide Between 1998 and 2010?
Authors: Bassok Daphna , Gibbs Chloe R. , Latham Scott 
Published: April 2018

This study employs data from both kindergarten cohorts of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (n ~ 12,450 in 1998; n ~ 11,000 in 2010) to assess whether associations between preschool participation and children's academic and behavioral outcomes—both at school entry (Mage = 5.6 years in both cohorts) and through third grade—have changed over time. Findings are strikingly similar across these two, nationally representative, U.S. cohorts: preschool is positively associated with academic outcomes and negatively associated with behavioral outcomes both at school entry and as children progress through school. Heterogeneity is documented with respect to child and preschool characteristics. However, there is no evidence that associations between preschool and medium‐term child outcomes differ by elementary school characteristics.
A 2‐year prospective study of single‐implant mandibular overdentures: Patient‐reported outcomes and prosthodontic events
Authors: Nogueira Túlio Eduardo , Aguiar Fernanda Maria Oliveira , de Barcelos Bento Alves , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective clinical trial aimed to assess clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of the single‐implant mandibular overdenture treatment (SIMO) after a 2‐year follow‐up period.Materials and methodsAn external hexagon implant was inserted in the mandibular midline of 45 complete denture wearers. Participants had a mean age of 63.4 (SD = 8.3), and 75.6% were female. Based on the primary stability of the implant, immediate loading was performed in 38 patients (84.4%). O'ring/ball attachments were used for retention. Outcome assessment included the participants’ satisfaction with the dentures and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) impacts at the 3‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month follow‐up visits after implant loading. Moreover, all prosthodontic events were recorded during this period.ResultsThe post‐loading implant survival rate was 95.3%. There was a significant increase in satisfaction with the mandibular overdenture (p < .001) and a decrease in the overall OHRQoL impacts (p < .001) in the 3‐month follow‐up. No significant changes were observed between the 3‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups. The incidence of prosthodontic events was relatively high, including the need for matrix replacement and repair of the overdenture fracture. Most prosthodontic complications were minor and properly managed in periodic recall visits.ConclusionsSingle‐implant mandibular overdenture is a feasible alternative for subjects poorly adapted to the mandibular denture and resulted in significant improvement in patient satisfaction and quality of life measures. A careful selection of patients based on their demanding needs and expectations is essential to indicate this alternative. The incidence of maintenance events in the long term reinforces the need for periodical clinical monitoring.
Life‐threatening or nearly life‐threatening complications in living liver donors
Authors: Onur Asim , Akbulut Sami , Dirican Abuzer , Isik Burak , Yilmaz Sezai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relationship between a transplant center's experience and life‐threatening or nearly life‐threatening complications during living donor hepatectomy (LDH).MethodsThe medical records of 1140 patients who underwent LDH were analyzed. To determine the relationship between life‐threatening complications and a transplant center's experience, the following comparisons between LDH cases were performed: first 100 vs subsequent 100; first 100 vs subsequent 1040; first 200 vs subsequent 940; right hepatectomy vs left hepatectomy; and first 5 years of experience vs subsequent 5 years.ResultsA total of 36 life‐threatening or nearly life‐threatening complications developed in 34 of 1140 (2.98%) healthy individuals undergoing LDH. Of these, 5 occurred intraoperatively, 26 within 1 month, and 5 beyond 1 month. The most common complications were biliary problems and postoperative bleeding. None of the donors died at follow‐up. One donor underwent deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for severe hepatic failure. Only 2 comparisons were significantly different with regard to life‐threatening complications: the first 100 vs the subsequent 1040 (P = .03) and the first 200 vs the subsequent 940 (P = .01).ConclusionThis study indicates that the incidence of life‐threatening or nearly life‐threatening complications are reduced by increased center experience (>200 LDHs).
Digital vs traditional: Are diagnostic accuracy rates similar for glass slides vs whole slide images in a non‐gynaecological external quality assurance setting?
Authors: Ross J. , Greaves J. , Earls P. , Shulruf B. , Van Es S. L. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThe Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs introduced virtual microscopy cases into its cytopathology non‐gynaecological programme after a short pilot phase, to address the challenges of providing a purely glass slide‐based external quality assurance programme to multiple participants both locally and internationally. The use of whole slide image (WSI) cases has facilitated a more robust programme in relation to standardised material and statistical analysis, with access to a wider variety of specimen types and diagnostic entities.MethodDiagnostic accuracy rates on 56 WSI were assessed against the reference diagnosis. A portion (12) of these WSI slides had been used in glass slide format in previous external quality assurance surveys, and the results of these were compared to the responses received as glass slide cases.ResultsOverall diagnostic accuracy for the 56 WSI cases was acceptable in comparison to the reference diagnosis. When these 12 cases were analysed individually, for seven of the 12 cases, virtual format was found to be not inferior to glass slides for diagnostic accuracy. For one case, accuracy using WSI for diagnosis was superior to glass format.ConclusionDiagnostic accuracy, using WSI for cases in our external quality assurance programme is acceptable. As the use of digital microscopy in a large scale external quality assurance programme offers extensive advantages over a glass slide‐based format, our results encourage future comparison of diagnostic accuracy for virtual compared to glass slide format at a point in time where pathologists are becoming increasingly familiar with virtual microscopy in everyday practice.
A managed alcohol program in Sydney, Australia: Acceptability, cost‐savings and non‐beverage alcohol use
Authors: Ezard Nadine , Cecilio Michael E. , Clifford Brendan , Baldry Eileen , Burns Lucinda , Day Carolyn A. , Shanahan Marian , Dolan Kate 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsManaged alcohol programs (MAPs) are a novel harm reduction intervention for people who experience long‐term homelessness and severe long‐term alcohol dependence. MAPs provide regulated amounts of alcohol onsite under supervision. Preliminary international evidence suggests that MAPs are associated with improvements such as reduced non‐beverage alcohol consumption and decreases in some alcohol‐related harms. There are currently no MAPs in Australia. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a MAP in inner‐Sydney.Design and MethodsA survey among eligible homeless alcohol‐dependent residents of an inner‐Sydney short‐stay alcohol withdrawal service occurred in 2014 to assess acceptability. Administrative data were analysed to ascertain estimates of cost‐savings for a MAP based in Sydney.ResultsFifty‐one eligible participants were surveyed. More than one‐quarter (28%) reported consumption of non‐beverage alcohol. A residential model received greatest support (76%); the majority (75%) of participants indicated a willingness to pay at least 25% of their income to utilise a MAP. Hospital and crisis accommodation cost‐savings were conservatively estimated at AUD$926 483.40 and AUD$347 574.00, respectively per year for a 15‐person residential MAP.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the acceptability of a MAP in Sydney among a target population sample, with the implementation of a residential MAP likely to produce significant cost‐savings. A trial of a Sydney MAP evaluating the impact on health and social outcomes, including a comprehensive economic evaluation, is strongly recommended.
Mapping Small‐scale Mineral Production Networks: The Case of Alluvial Diamonds in Ghana
Authors: McQuilken James , Hilson Gavin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn recent years, donors and certain governments have committed to formalizing artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) — low‐tech, labour‐intensive mineral extraction and processing. Few, however, are able to do so effectively because of a limited knowledge of how the sector operates, who it employs and where the commodities it mines are being channelled. This article argues that a radical reconceptualization of ASM will be needed if these challenges are to be overcome. As a starting point, it calls on donors and policy makers to adopt the Global Production Network (GPN) as a ‘lens’ for analysing the sector's organizational structures. Popular in geography scholarship, the GPN, though rarely used to study the intricacies of largely informal sectors such as ASM, could prove valuable here, aiding with the mapping of key production processes. In this article, the GPN is applied to Ghana's artisanal diamond mining sector, yielding valuable insights into its organization, the roles played by the different individuals who populate it, and the nature of the relationships between these individuals. Such information is key to designing more robust formalization and support strategies for ASM in Ghana; more generally, the exercise provides important lessons for other governments working to achieve similar goals.
Labour Control and Developmental State Theory: A New Perspective on Import‐substitution Industrialization in Latin America
Authors: Fishwick Adam 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTDrawing on historical research into the period of import‐substitution industrialization (ISI) in Chile and Argentina between the 1930s and 1960s, this article claims that developmental state theory (DST) obfuscates a crucial feature of state intervention in Latin America. Specifically, despite a long‐standing interest in state–society relations, DST has been unable to incorporate adequately into its analytical framework labour–state relations and labour control in the workplace. This is because DST, in its various guises, privileges state–society relations mediated by institutions from which labour is implicitly or explicitly excluded. Extending the analytical lens of DST, the article combines critical labour‐relations and labour‐process theories to identify the purposive establishment of ‘regimes of labour control’ via changes in institutional and workplace relations. Using this expanded framework, it shows how the often vacillating strategies pursued by the state under ISI in Chile and Argentina, and the inefficient outcomes of ISI in these countries, can be better understood by considering efforts designed to exert control over labour.
Differences in prevalence of diabetes among immigrants to Canada from South Asian countries
Authors: Banerjee A. T. , Shah B. R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of diabetes is high in South Asians migrants. However, most previous research has studied South Asians as a collective whole. The aim of this study was to examine diabetes prevalence among immigrants from five South Asian countries living in Ontario, Canada.MethodsPopulation‐based health care and immigration databases were used to compare crude and adjusted diabetes prevalence on 1 January 2012 between immigrants to Ontario from different South Asians countries and the non‐immigrant population. The prevalence of diabetes was also stratified by various sociodemographic factors.ResultsThere were 431 765 first‐generation South Asian immigrants; 68 440 (crude prevalence of 15.9%) of whom had a diagnosis of diabetes. After standardization for age, sex and income, diabetes prevalence was highest among South Asians from Sri Lanka (26.8%) followed by Bangladesh (22.2%), Pakistan (19.6%), India (18.3%) and Nepal (16.5%) in comparison with the non‐immigrant population (11.6%). Increased prevalence was evident among men compared with women in each country of South Asia. Sociodemographic indicators including income, education, English proficiency and refugee status were associated with increased prevalence of diabetes in specific populations from South Asia.ConclusionStriking differences in the prevalence of diabetes are evident among immigrants from different countries of South Asia. Awareness of the heterogeneity will help in recognizing priorities for the delivery of primary care for specific South Asian migrant populations with a range of settlement needs that also encompass social determinants of health.