bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Modalities and Service Delivery Preferences Among Black Cisgender Emerging and Older Adult Women in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Knight Deja , Saleem Haneefa , Baral Stefan , German Danielle , Willie Tiara C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Black cisgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV across the United States (US). Moreover, emerging adults continue to be significantly affected compared to women in older age groups. Yet in 2024, Black cisgender women and emerging adult women comprise a small fraction of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in the US. This study examined PrEP modality, service delivery, and marketing and communication preferences by age among Black cisgender women in Baltimore, Maryland.
Methods
Between October 2021 and April 2023, twelve Black cisgender PrEP-inexperienced emerging (18 to 29 years) and fourteen older (30 to 44 years) adult women were purposively recruited to participate in an in-depth interview. Interview topics included PrEP modality, service delivery, and marketing and communication preferences among the two currently approved modalities (oral and injectable) and the two modalities under investigation (ring and implant). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a combination of a deductive and inductive approach. Six follow-up member-checking interviews were also conducted.
Results
Emerging adult women preferred oral PrEP, but older adult women preferred long-acting injectable (LAI) forms of PrEP. Oral PrEP was preferred because it was considered the most common modality for other medications, whereas LAI was preferred because it didn’t necessitate no daily administration. Emerging Black adult women reported challenges with adhering to the routine PrEP three-month follow-up period, such as transport, scheduling appointments, conflicts with school engagements, and being in a period of transition into adulthood where they experience structural changes (e.g., health insurance). Transport was the only reported challenge for older adult women for follow-up. Both age groups preferred longer follow-up periods to refill their PrEP prescriptions and to obtain PrEP from a trusted physician (e.g., OBGYN). Both groups of Black women expressed a preference for PrEP to be advertised through diverse means including social media campaigns, sexual health forums, peer groups on college campuses, and by featuring Black women in PrEP commercials.
Conclusions
To improve PrEP equity and initiation among current and emerging PrEP modalities, it is crucial to better integrate the lived experiences and preferences of Black cisgender women and enhance their representation in PrEP messaging.
Links between large volcanic eruptions, basal mantle structures, and mantle plumes
Authors: Cucchiaro Annalise , Flament Nicolas , Arnould Maëlis , Cressie Noel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Mantle plumes rise from the deep Earth, creating large volcanic eruptions responsible for the emplacement of large volumes of magma at Earth’s surface over a few million years. Statistical relationships suggest that hot basal mantle structures generate mantle plumes and large volcanic eruptions through time. In previous studies, mantle plumes were the implicit process connecting surface volcanic eruptions to hot basal mantle structures. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal links between volcanic eruptions, hot basal mantle structures and explicitly modelled plume conduits from 300 million years ago. We consider three distinct volcanic eruption databases, four tomographic models and six global mantle flow models. We show that deep plumes generated above mobile basal mantle structures account for most of the record of large volcanic eruptions. Through Monte Carlo significance testing we find a statistical-dependence relationship between modelled plume conduits and an eruption database containing both plume head and plume tail products. We show that these eruptions, if reconstructed above the exterior of basal mantle structures, are related to the edges of fixed basal mantle structures in one tomographic model, and to the edges of mobile basal mantle structures 1% to 1.6% denser than the surrounding mantle in three mantle flow models.
The Relationship Between Disaster Literacy Levels and Disaster Preparedness Among Adults
Authors: GÜLSOY Ahmet , UYAN Yusuf , ÖZCAN Ebru , İSKENDER Mahinur DURMUŞ 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The resilience of communities to disasters is an indicator of their preparedness for such events. It is crucial for prepared communities to integrate their disaster literacy—skills in understanding, perceiving, and evaluating disasters—into disaster preparedness actions. This study aims to determine the disaster literacy and disaster preparedness levels of adults and the factors influencing these levels. This correlational and cross-sectional study included 3861 participants. Data were collected online from June 2023 to July 2023 using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Disaster Literacy Scale, and the Disaster Preparedness Scale. Data analysis employed frequency analysis, skewness and kurtosis, the Independent Samples t-Test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive and significant relationship between disaster literacy and disaster preparedness (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Individuals with disaster experience had higher disaster literacy (Reduction, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery) and disaster preparedness scores compared to those without disaster experience (p < 0.05). However, lower education levels, decreased income, and increased average age were associated with reduced disaster literacy and disaster preparedness levels. This study is expected to make significant contributions to understanding the levels of disaster literacy and disaster preparedness in Turkey, a country prone to earthquakes and recently affected by one of the deadliest disasters, and to identify the factors influencing these levels and the relationship between disaster literacy and disaster preparedness.
NAB2::STAT6 Rearranged Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland with Sebaceous Differentiation: A Case Report
Authors: de Ruiter Emma J , Rijken Johannes A , Doeleman Thom , Kester Lennart A , Pameijer Frank A , Raicu Miahela G , Breimer Gerben E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The NAB2::STAT6 fusion is predominantly associated with solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and is utilized in diagnosing SFTs through nuclear STAT6 protein overexpression. Recent studies expanded the phenotypic spectrum of NAB2::STAT6 rearranged neoplasms, including adamantinoma-like and teratocarcinosarcoma-like phenotypes. We present a case of a NAB2::STAT6 rearranged epithelial tumor exhibiting sebaceous differentiation in the parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) revealed atypical basaloid cells, suggesting primary salivary gland carcinoma or metastasis. Histological examination showed basaloid-squamous cells with a monomorphic appearance containing foci of sebaceous differentiation, expressing pancytokeratin, p40, and androgen receptor, while CD34 staining was negative. Molecular studies identified a NAB2::STAT6 fusion, along with an AKT1 mutation. This case further expands the phenotypic spectrum of NAB2::STAT6 rearranged neoplasms and emphasizes comprehensive histopathological and molecular analysis in challenging head and neck tumors. It suggests STAT6 immunohistochemistry as a potential screening tool for head and neck tumors resembling sebaceous carcinoma, myoepithelial tumors, or GLI1-altered neoplasms.
Fast hierarchical processing of orthographic and semantic parafoveal information during natural reading
Authors: Jensen Ole , Wang Lijuan , Frisson Steven , Pan Yali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Readers extract orthographic and semantic information from parafoveal words before fixating on them. While this has to be achieved within an intersaccadic interval, the neuronal mechanisms supporting this fast parafoveal word processing within the language network remain unknown. We co-registered MEG and eye-tracking data in a natural reading paradigm to uncover the neuronal mechanisms supporting parafoveal processing. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that parafoveal orthographic neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “waiter”) showed higher representational similarity than non-neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “police”), emerging ~68 ms after fixation onset on the preceding word (e.g., “clever”) in the visual word form area. Similarly, parafoveal semantic neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “author”) exhibited increased representational similarity at ~137 ms in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Importantly, the degree of orthographic and semantic parafoveal processing predicted individual reading speed. Our findings suggest fast hierarchical processing of parafoveal words across distinct brain regions, which enhances reading efficiency.
"Long-Term Insights into Brain Abscess Management: An Eight-Year Study from a Single Center in India"
Authors: Srivast Anurag , Randhawa Anmol S , Agarwal Manoj K , Nimmakayala Swarjith , Narola Viraj D , Verma Jitendra , Bhatia Rohin , Gupta Pankaj , Agarwal Yogesh , Jain Pavan K , Sharma B S , Goel Atibhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Brain abscesses continue to pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in developed and developing countries. Their aetiology and management remains complex and unclear, making the treatment and outcome difficult.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed data in 48 patients with brain abscesses surgically treated with image guided aspiration and craniotomy and excision in Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur from January 2015 through December 2023 to determine the demographics, management, and the variables that affect the outcome in subjects with brain abscesses. Variables as age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, clinical presentation, location, number of lesions, predisposing factors, mechanism of infection, aetiological agent, and therapy were analysed independently.
Results
Male patients above 40 years of age were more likely to suffer a brain abscess. GCS score on admission did influence outcome. While frequency of successful culturing of the infectious agent was low, positive cultures were obtained in only 16 of the cases (33.3%), in which the most common isolates were streptococcus sp. and tubercular abscess. Outcome was favourable in 89.5% of the subjects, while the mortality rate was 10.4%. The outcome of 5 patients were poor due to immunosuppression in 2, a 1.8 year old child suffered from ventriculitis and remaining 2 presented with poor GCS scores.
Conclusions
Medical management and image guided aspiration is an effective treatment for brain abscess with an overall favourable outcome. Craniotomy and excision is rarely required. Mortality due to brain abscess was not directly related to surgery nor surgical technique.
Short-term Surgical Outcomes of Papillary Craniopharyngiomas: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Catalino Michael P. , Pham Duy , Rennert Robert C. , Couldwell William T , Kim Won , Pacione Donato , Suryadevara Carter , Kim Albert , Silverstein Julie M. , Chicoine Michael R. , Gardner Paul , Barkhoudarian Garni , Fernandez-Miranda Juan , Benjamin Carolina , Kshettry Varun R. , Zada Gabriel , Gompel Jamie Van , Palit Sandhya R. , Zwagerman Nathan , Cheok Stephanie , Prevedello Daniel M. , Wu Kyle C. , Mamelak Adam , Pacult Mark , Little Andrew S. , Karsy Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Craniopharyngiomas are rare parasellar tumors, and papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCP) represent 8-20% of cases. We assessed surgical outcomes of these very rare tumors among patients treated in the last decade.
Methods: Retrospective data from the Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID) were used to evaluate patients with PCP treated between 2011 and 2023 at 14 US-based academic skull base centers. Demographic, imaging, surgical, and outcome variables were analyzed.
Results: Ninety-nine patients with PCP were included. Mean age was 51.8±14.7 and 57.6% were male. Most tumors showed mixed cystic/solid components (67.5%), were trans-infundibular (50.0%), and were treated endoscopically (74.5%), with 51.1% demonstrating gross total resection (GTR). Pituitary stalk was preserved in 51.9%. Permanent arginine vasopressin deficiency was seen in 68.8% and was associated with pituitary stalk sacrifice (p=0.02). Cerebrospinal fluid leak was the most common nonendocrine postsurgical, 30-day complication (9.1%), reason for return to the operating room (3.1%), and reason for 90-day readmission (8.1%). Return to the operating room was associated with discharge to a skilled nursing or rehabilitation facility (p=0.0001). Most patients (63.9%) received no adjuvant therapy; GTR was associated with decreased radiotherapy use (p=0.0001). BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 64/69 tumors tested, although only 1 patient was treated with a BRAF inhibitor.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, the RAPID consortium enabled the largest real-world clinical information dataset for PCP. Our data can be used as a benchmark for short-term surgical outcomes. Longer-term follow-up studies are needed to understand how to optimize outcomes from each treatment modality.
Gene Expression Profile of Synchronized Cells Identifies Alzheimer's Disease in Autopsy Validated Skin and Blood Samples
Authors: Chirila Florin V. , MacTurk William , Wallace Jack , Xu Guang , Alkon Daniel L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A gene expression profile has not been identified for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) in more than 95% of cases. However, autosomal dominant genes are known for early-onset (EOAD). Moreover, the genetic convergences between familial EOAD and sporadic LOAD have not previously been identified despite the common neuropathology. Here, synchronized skin fibroblast samples from individuals with LOAD, confirmed by autopsy, revealed 36 statistically significant (P < 0.05) LOAD-dysregulated genes, with 26 showing an essential gap with non-Alzheimer's disease (non-ADD) dementia patients. Notably, five LOAD-dysregulated genes in the skin - FAM149B, NHLH1, SHISA5, URB2, and WASF2 - were also dysregulated in blood B-lymphocytes. Importantly, an additional 18 LOAD-dysregulated gene families in the skin were validated in the blood. In total, 23 LOAD-dysregulated gene families in the skin were confirmed in the blood. An intriguing and novel aspect is the genetic convergence between late-onset and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, demonstrated by dysregulated gene families ADAM, IL, and RAB. The gene expression profile aligns remarkably well with prior autopsy-validated biomarkers: Morphometric Imaging, PKC epsilon, Cell Size, Growth Rate, and Protein Amount. Our findings indicate a promising potential for personalized genomic profiling in LOAD diagnosis and treatment, offering hope for more effective and targeted approaches.
The Association between Metformin treatment in type 2 DM and vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Mahmoud Sahar H. , Elfargani Fatma , Mohamed Nagwa , Alhamdi Fiaza A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health condition affecting people worldwide with a high prevalence rate. DM is classified according to its etiology into T1DM and T2DM; several risk factors contribute to the development of T2DM such as age, genetic predisposition, and obesity. Metformin is a proven drug of choice, and it is used as a first-line treatment for T2DM patients to improve their glycemic levels. Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin, and its deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia.
Aims of the study: To determine the prevalence of diabetic patients and patients under metformin treatment, the level of vitamin B12 for patients who have T2DM and the correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency, metformin dose, and the duration of T2DM are measured.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on 366 patients with T2DM in a Sedi Hussein diabetic polyclinic in Benghazi- Libya. Patients were divided into two groups: the control group (not on metformin) consisted of 71 patients, and the group that received metformin (1st group) consisted of 295 patients.
Results: The total sample was 381 patients; T1DM 15 patients (3.94%), and T2DM 366 (96.06%) patients. In T2DM The first group had 295 patients (117 male/178 female), and the control group had 71 (28 male / 43 female). The 1st group significantly decreased vitamin B12 serum levels by 443.56 mg/ml versus the control group of 541.33 pg/ml (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels and both doses of metformin and duration of diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: vitamin B12 was significantly decreased in T2DM patients receiving metformin.
Velocity changes in the Haichenghe fault zone in Liaoning, China revealed by S coda of repeating microearthquakes
Authors: Sun Qingshan , Li Zihao , Wang Liang , Zhang Zhihong , Yang Zhenpeng , Cui Zhengdong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we use the observation data of the Haicheng area in Liaoning, China, from 2021 to 2023 to investigate the velocity variation in the Haicheng area using the coda wave of the repeating microearthquakes. To minimize the velocity perturbation caused by source location variations, the double-difference location method is used to obtain the precise location of small earthquakes. Combined with the seismic rupture scale, the repeating microearthquakes with overlapping rupture zones are strictly selected. A total of 91 repeating microearthquakes in 38 sequences are finally identified in the study area, which is temporally concentrated in three series. The relative velocity variations between the first and subsequent events in each sequence are calculated using the coda wave interferometry technique. We found that differences in the velocity change in different time clusters. Three earthquakes with M ≥ 3.0 occurred in the study area during the observation period. The results indicate a preseismic increase in velocity of approximately 0.2%. Additionally, the postseismic velocity changes measured by the S coda of the repeating events also demonstrate an increase, which suggests that the faults are healing. For an ML 3.0 earthquake, this process takes no more than 10 months.
Simulation of organic acid migration and transformation in mangrove soils based on soil column experiments
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Yang Yunan , Lin Yangang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The practice of directly applying unfermented and decomposed organic matter to plants is rare in the growth process of terrestrial plants. The organic matter content at the discharge outlet of shrimp ponds is usually high. Therefore, it is necessary to collect soil from the discharge outlet of shrimp ponds and simulate the migration and transformation pathways of organic acids and related metabolic microorganisms in soil of mangrove wetlands through laboratory soil columns and the HYDRUS-1D model. Results showed that the content of oxalic acid remained relatively stable in the soil column at different depths, citric acid settled downward along the vertical direction, the concentration of acetic acid in the depth range of 30–50 cm increased. The organic acids formed insoluble or slightly soluble precipitates in the form of organic acid calcium, the organic acids in 40–50 cm were completely neutralized on the 18th day. The abundance of acid-producing Acinetobacter increased during the later stages of anaerobic acidification and disappeared after the addition of Ca(OH)2. The results of HYDRUS-1D simulation showed that the adsorption, deposition and transport of organic acids in the mangrove wetland were poor, the results of vertical infiltration modelling were in agreement with the soil column experiments.
Identifying subgroups of Chinese men who have sex with men based on sexual behavior and drug use patterns using a clustering analysis approach
Authors: She Bingyang , Sun Jiajun , Lu Fang , Lin Siqi , Liu Yi , Li Gaixia , Hu Yawu , Tang Weiming , Tan Rayner , Ong Jason , Su Shu , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Sexualized drug use (SDU) refers to using drugs before and during sex to enhance experiences, increasing high-risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study explores how SDU affects sexual behavior in Chinese MSM.
Methods: We collected information on demographics, sexual acts, drug use, and condom attitudes among 890 MSM in six Chinese cities via WeChat ads through community-based organizations from March 23 to April 22, 2022. Cluster analysis using Gower’s distance and hierarchical clustering explored differences in sexual acts among MSM who reported SDU in their last encounter and otherwise.
Results: Cluster analysis categorized participants into three clusters. Cluster 3 (n=155) reported 100% SDU in their last sexual encounter (83.87% poppers use), whereas Clusters 1 (n=581) and 2 (n=154) reported none. Compared to other clusters, Cluster 3 had significantly higher PrEP use (34.90% vs. 17.02% vs. 8.00%, p<0.0001), more sexual acts over the past 12 months (35.80-61.30 vs. 31.30-56.10 and 4.37-21.22, p<0.001), more regular (3.16±4.37 vs. 2.27±3.52 vs. 2.51±2.53, p=0.028) and casual partners (4.55±6.55 vs. 2.48±3.21 vs. 2.74±3.66, p<0.0001), more partners with STIs (8.39% vs. 3.79% vs. 3.90%, p=0.029), and lower consistent condom use (48.53% vs. 59.41% vs. 72.28%, p<0.0001). Cluster 1 had moderate frequency in all sexual acts except self-masturbation, which was most common in Cluster 2.
Conclusion: SDU is a stratum for identifying MSM subgroups, and MSM who reported SDU demonstrated higher sexual risk behaviors and PrEP usage. Among those not practicing SDU, self-masturbation is a key behavioral indicator for subgrouping.
A gold nanoparticle/peptide vaccine designed to induce SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells: a double-blind, randomized, phase 1 study in Switzerland
Authors: Besson Juliette , Audran Régine , Karlen Maxime , Miauton Alix , Hajjami Hélène Maby-El , Warpelin-Decrausaz Loane , Sene Loredana , Schaufelberger Sylvain , Faivre Vincent , Faouzi Mohamed , Hartley Mary-Anne , Spertini François , Genton Blaise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
New vaccines with broader protection against SARS-CoV-2 are needed to reduce the risk of immune escape and provide broad and long-lasting cellular immunity. The objectives of the naNO-COVID trial were to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a CD8+ T cell, gold nanoparticle-based, peptide COVID-19 vaccine.
Methods
A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 1 trial in healthy adults to receive PepGNP-Covid19 or Vehicle-GNP, followed over 180 days, using a dose-escalation strategy.
Results
20 participants received PepGNP-Covid19 (low dose [LD] or high dose [HD], n=10 each) and 6 Vehicle-GNP (LD or HD, n=3 each).
Vaccinations were safe. No serious adverse events were reported. Most of the adverse events were mild, two adverse events of special interest related to the product (fever and fatigue). Reactogenicity was similar overall between vaccine, comparator, and doses.
Virus-specific humoral responses in LD PepGNP-Covid19 and Vehicle-GNP groups coincided with SARS-CoV-2 infections. PepGNP-Covid19 vaccination induced the modulation of Covid19-specificCD137+CD69+CD8+, and an increase at day 35 particularly in central and effector memory T cells in LD group, and in late effector memory cells in HD group.
Conclusions
The favourable safety profile and cellular responses observed support further development of PepGNP-Covid19.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05113862, approved 09.11.2021.