bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TBC1D5 controls the GTPase cycle of Rab7b
Authors: Borg Distefano Marita , Hofstad Haugen Linda , Wang Yan , Perdreau-Dahl Harmonie , Kjos Ingrid , Jia Da , Morth Jens Preben , Neefjes Jacques , Bakke Oddmund , Progida Cinzia 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Rab GTPases are key regulators of intracellular trafficking, and cycle between a GTP-bound active state and a GDP-bound inactive state. This cycle is regulated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Several efforts have been made in connecting the correct GEFs and GAPs to their specific Rab. Here, we aimed to identify GAPs for Rab7b, the small GTPase involved in transport from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi. An siRNA screen targeting proteins containing TBC domains critical for Rab GAPs was performed and coupled to a phenotypic read-out that visualized the distribution of Rab7b. Silencing of TBC1D5 provided the strongest phenotype and this protein was subsequently validated in various in vitro and cell-based assays. TBC1D5 localizes to Rab7b-positive vesicles, interacts with Rab7b and has GAP activity towards Rab7b in vitro, which is further increased by retromer proteins. Similarly to the constitutively active mutant of Rab7b, inactivation of TBC1D5 also reduces the number of CI-MPR- and sortilin-positive vesicles. Together, the results show that TBC1D5 is a GAP for Rab7b in the control of endosomal transport to the trans-Golgi.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nuclear exclusion of SMAD2/3 in granulosa cells is associated with primordial follicle activation in the mouse ovary
Authors: Hardy Kate , Mora Jocelyn M. , Dunlop Carina , Carzaniga Raffaella , Franks Stephen , Fenwick Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Maintenance and activation of the limited supply of primordial follicles in the ovary are important determinants of reproductive lifespan. Currently, the molecular programme that maintains the primordial phenotype and the early events associated with follicle activation are not well defined. Here, we have systematically analysed these events using microscopy and detailed image analysis. Using the immature mouse ovary as a model, we demonstrate that the onset of granulosa cell (GC) proliferation results in increased packing density on the oocyte surface and consequent GC cuboidalization. These events precede oocyte growth and nuclear translocation of FOXO3a, a transcription factor important in follicle activation. Immunolabelling of the TGFβ signalling mediators and transcription factors SMAD2/3 revealed a striking expression pattern specific to GCs of small follicles. SMAD2/3 were expressed in the nuclei of primordial GCs but were mostly excluded in early growing follicles. In activated follicles, GC nuclei lacking SMAD2/3 generally expressed Ki67. These findings suggest that the first phenotypic changes during follicle activation are observed in GCs, and that TGFβ signalling is fundamental for regulating GC arrest and the onset of proliferation.
Establishment of a method for Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly egg microinjection: The first step towards potential novel control strategies for leishmaniasis
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , Rogers Matthew E. , Walker Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Leishmaniases is a group of vector-borne parasitic diseases transmitted by sand flies that affects 1.3 million people across 98 countries, with limited control strategies due to the lack of an available vaccine and the emergence of insecticide resistance. Novel control strategies that are being explored for mosquito-borne diseases, such as Wolbachia bacterial inhibition of pathogens and genetically modified insects (e.g. using CRISPR-Cas9 editing), rely on the ability to consistently inject eggs of the target species. Here we present a novel method to obtain and inject preblastoderm sand fly eggs of the genus Lutzomyia (Lu.) longipalpis, the principle vector of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in South America. The procedures required to obtain sufficiently young Lu. longipalpis colony eggs are described alongside a microinjection technique that permits rapid injection and minimal handling of small sand fly eggs post-injection. Using a strain of Wolbachia as a ‘marker’ for successful injection, our protocol produced early generation Wolbachia transinfected Lu. longipalpis lines, demonstrating its potential as the first step for use in novel applied strategies for sand fly control.
Detecting proliferation of adult hemocytes in Drosophila by BrdU incorporation and PH3 expression in response to bacterial infection
Authors: Ghosh Saikat , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika 
Published: August 2018

Drosophila and mammalian hematopoiesis share several similarities that range from primitive and definitive phases of hematopoiesis to the battery of transcription factors and signaling molecules that execute this process. The similarities in blood cell development across these divergent taxa along with the rich genetic tools available in fruitfly makes it a popular invertebrate model to study blood cell development both during normal and aberrant scenarios. The larval system is the most extensively studied till date. Several studies have shown that these hemocytes just like mammalian counterpart proliferate and get routinely regenerated upon infection. However, employing the same protocol it was concluded that blood cell proliferation although abundant in larval stages is absent in adult fruitfly. The current protocol describes the strategies that can be employed to document the hemocyte proliferation in adulthood. The fact that a subset of blood cells tucked away in the hematopoietic hub are not locked in senescence, rather they still harbour the proliferative capacity to tide over challenges was successfully demonstrated by this protocol. Although we have adopted bacterial infection as a bait to evoke this proliferative capacity of the hemocytes, we envision that it can also efficiently characterize the proliferative responses of hemocytes in cancerous conditions like leukemia and solid tumors as well as scenarios of environmental and metabolic stresses during adulthood.
Effect of tranexamic acid on coagulation and fibrinolysis in women with postpartum haemorrhage (WOMAN-ETAC): a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Shakur-Still Haleema , Roberts Ian , Fawole Bukola , Kuti Modupe , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Bello Adenike , Huque Sumaya , Ogunbode Olayinka , Kotila Taiwo , Aimakhu Chris , Okunade Olujide A. , Olutogun Tolulase , Adetayo Cecilia O. , Dallaku Kastriot , Mansmann Ulrich , Hunt Beverley J. , Pepple Tracey , Balogun Eni 
Published: August 2018

Background:Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death. The WOMAN trial showed that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces death due to bleeding in women with PPH. We evaluated the effect of TXA on fibrinolysis and coagulation in a sample of WOMAN trial participants.Methods:Adult women with a clinical diagnosis of PPH were randomised to receive 1 g TXA or matching placebo in the WOMAN trial. Participants in the WOMAN trial at University College Hospital (Ibadan, Nigeria) also had venous blood taken just before administration of the first dose of trial treatment and again 30 (±15) min after the first dose (the ETAC study). We aimed to determine the effects of TXA on fibrinolysis (D-dimer and rotational thromboelastometry maximum clot lysis (ML)) and coagulation (international normalized ratio and clot amplitude at 5 min). We compared outcomes in women receiving TXA and placebo using linear regression, adjusting for baseline measurements.Results:Women (n=167) were randomised to receive TXA (n=83) or matching placebo (n=84). Due to missing data, seven women were excluded from analysis. The mean (SD) D-dimer concentration was 7.1 (7.0) mg/l in TXA-treated women and 9.6 (8.6) mg/l in placebo-treated women (p=0.09). After adjusting for baseline, the D-dimer concentration was 2.16 mg/l lower in TXA-treated women (-2.16, 95% CI -4.31 to 0.00, p=0.05). There was no significant difference in ML between TXA- and placebo-treated women (12.3% (18.4) and 10.7% (12.6), respectively; p=0.52) and no significant difference after adjusting for baseline ML (1.02, 95% CI -3.72 to 5.77, p=0.67). There were no significant effects of TXA on any other parameters.Conclusion:TXA treatment was associated with reduced D-dimer levels but had no apparent effects on thromboelastometry parameters or coagulation tests.Registration:ISRCTN76912190(initially registered 10/12/2008, WOMAN-ETAC included on 22/03/2012) andNCT00872469(initially registered 31/03/2009, WOMAN-ETAC included on 22/03/2012).
Revisitando a aproximação do Serviço Social brasileiro à tradição marxista (1960-1982) | Revisiting the approximation to the Marxist tradition of Brazilian social work (1960-1982)
Authors: Dutra Silmai Lazaro Neves 
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo investiga a aproximação do Serviço Social brasileiro à tradição marxista no período compreendido entre 1960 e 1982. Desse modo, ao buscarmos compreender o movimento da profissão no seio do próprio movimento histórico, identificamos os principais momentos da referida aproximação. A investigação sugere que a interlocução entre o Serviço Social e a tradição marxista avança no tempo efetivando saltos qualitativos, donde a produção de Marilda Villela Iamamoto demarca um importante momento de inflexão para a categoria dos assistentes sociais. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social brasileiro; tradição marxista; Marilda Villela Iamamoto. Abstract – This article investigates the approximation to the Marxist tradition of Brazilian social work in the period between 1960 and 1982. In this way, as we seek to understand the movement of the profession within the historical movement itself, we identify the main moments of this approximation. Research suggests that the interlocution between social work and the Marxist tradition advances in time, making qualitative leaps, in which the production of Marilda Villela Iamamoto marks an important moment of inflection for the category of social workers.Keywords: Brazilian social work; Marxist tradition; Marilda Villela Iamamoto.
The Veil at the Crossroads: Muḥammad Saʻīd al-‘Ashmāwī and The Discourse on the Ḥijāb in Egypt
Authors: Nasir Mohamad Abdun 
Published: August 2018

Jilbab telah menjadi isu kontroversial yang mengakibatkanp perdebatan sengit di kalangan feminis, Islamis maupun kelompok Liberal-sekuralis di Mesir. Muḥammad Saʻīd al-Ashmāwi melihat jilbab telah dibelokkan arah oleb kelompok Islam radikal dari masalah agama ke masalah politik untuk mencap kafir wanita Muslim yang menolak jilbab. Inilah yang menjadikan ketidaksetujuan ‘Ashmā-wī. Kelompok lslam radikal dianggap telah memanipulasi agama demi tercapai kepentingan-kepntingan idiologis politik mereka. Dari situ Ashmāwī kemudian membuat counter discourse tentang jilbab. Menurutnya jilbab tidak wajib. Bagi dia tidak semua ayat-ayat al-Qur'an bersifat umurn, dan sebagian dari mereka bersifat spesifik yang terkait dengan kondisi tertentu. Ayat-ayatt tentang jilbab masuk dalam kategori ini dan interpretasi terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut harus dikaitkan dengan konteks sebab turunnya ayat (asbāb al nuzūl).
A design for external quality assessment for the analysis of thiopurine drugs: pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Robijns Karen , van Luin Matthijs , Jansen Rob T.P. , Neef Cees , Touw Daan J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
For the analysis of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6-MMPR), no external quality assessment scheme (EQAS) is currently available and no quality control samples can be made because of the absence of pure substances. An experimental design is tested to compare laboratory analytical results.

Methods
In this EQAS, participating laboratories were asked to select patient samples from their routine analysis and exchange these with a coupled laboratory. Because of large differences in results between laboratories, all standard operating procedures were reviewed, revealing that the origin of these differences could be in the method of hydrolysis and the preparation of calibrators. To investigate the contribution of the calibrators to these differences, one participating laboratory was asked to prepare a batch of calibrators to be shipped to the participating laboratories for analysis.

Results
Results for 6-TGN differed more between laboratories, compared with results for 6-MMPR. For 6-TGN and 6-MMPR 43% and 24% of the results, respectively, were out of the 80%–120% range. When correcting the results from the exchange of the patient samples with the results of the calibrators, the mean absolute difference for 6-TGN improved from 24.8% to 16.3% (p<0.001), while the results for 6-MMPR worsened from 17.3% to 20.0% (p=0.020).

Conclusions
This first EQAS for thiopurine drugs shows that there is a difference between laboratories in the analysis of 6-TGN, and to a lesser extent in the analysis of 6-MMPR. This difference for 6-TGN can partially be explained by the use of in-house-prepared calibrators that differ among the participants.
A new line-shape asymmetry model for wavelength modulation spectroscopy in gaseous flows
Authors: Nevrlý Václav , Klečka Vít , Vašinek Michal , Válek Václav , Suchánek Jan , Dostál Michal , Hric Branislav , Bitala Petr , Zelinger Zdenĕk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This communication reports technical notes on the development and application of an automated line-shape fitting procedure for wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). Near-infrared transitions of carbon dioxide (CO2) around 1573 nm were measured in vertical cold (nonreacting) flow of CO2 at atmospheric pressure using WMS with demodulation at second harmonic frequency. Semi-empirical model based on the set of so-called Gabor functions was developed and parameters of Lorentzian line-shape profile and its asymmetry resulting from simultaneous frequency and amplitude response of the current-modulated semiconductor laser were determined. Nonlinear least-square fitting procedure employing differential evolution algorithm was successfully utilized for performing this task. Line-shape fitting procedure enabling efficient signal de-noising and background subtraction of wavelength modulation spectra was implemented into an open-source code.
Measuring and evaluating the differences of compared images for a correct car silhouette categorization using integral transforms
Authors: Pivarčiová Elena , Sobrino Daynier Rolando Delgado , Nikitin Yury Rafailovich , Holubek Radovan , Ružarovský Roman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the analysis of the possibilities of using integral transforms for measuring and evaluating the differences of compared images (car silhouettes) with the purpose of a correct car body categorization. Approaches such as the light intensities frequency change, the application of discrete integral transforms without the use of further supplementary information enabling automated data processing using the Fourier-Mellin transforms are used within this work. The calculation of the several metrics was verified through different combinations that implied using and not using the Hamming window and a low-pass filter. The paper introduced a method for measuring and evaluating the differences in the compared images (car silhouettes). The proposed method relies on the fact that the integral transforms have their own transformants in the case of translation, scaling and rotation, in the frequency area. Besides, the Fourier-Mellin transform was to offer image transformation that is resistant to the translation, rotation and scale.
Experimental proof of applicability of alternative sort of plating of contemporary copper forgeries with use of mercury
Authors: Richtera Lukáš 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Practical applicability of alternative sort of coating of contemporary copper forgeries with use of mercury only (i.e. without use of another metal such as silver or tin) has been experimentally definitely proven. This undescribed way of amalgamation coating is based on simple dipping of a cleaned copper flan in mercury. In few hours, a stable silvery layer of the copper amalgam covers the copper surface. This kind of plating was most likely used by forgers in process of plating of the copper forgeries copying parvi of Wenceslas II at the beginning of the 14th century.
Before the Tragedy of the Commons: Early Modern Economic Considerations of the Public Use of Natural Resources
Authors: Wolloch Nathaniel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article distinguishes between the precise legal and economic approach to the commons used by Hardin and many other modern commentators, and the broader post-Hardinian concept utilized in environmentally-oriented discussions and aiming to limit the use of the commons for the sake of preservation. Particularly in the latter case, it is claimed, any notion of the tragedy of the commons is distinctly a modern twentieth-century one, and was foreign to the early modern and even nineteenth-century outlooks. This was true of the early modern mercantilists, and also of classical political economists such as Adam Smith and even, surprisingly, Malthus, as well as of Jevons and his neoclassical discussion aimed at maximizing the long-term use of Britain’s coal reserves. One intellectual who did recognize the problematic possibility of leaving some tracts of land in their pristine condition to answer humanity’s need for a spiritual connection with nature was J. S. Mill, but even he regarded this as in essence almost a utopian ideal. The notion of the tragedy of the commons in its broader sense is therefore a distinctly modern one.
EFFICACY OF ISCHEMIC STROKE PREVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTED OCCLUDER OF THE LEFT ATRIUM. FIVE YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Davtyan К. V. , Kalemberg A. A. , Simonian G. Yu. , Topchian A. G. , Koretskiy S. N. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. In the study we set an aim to evaluate the rate of thromboembolic complications in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with implanted occluding device of the left atrium appendage (LAA).Material and methods. Beginning at 2012, in the study center, 102 LAA occluders were implanted, of those 44 Watchman device (Boston Scientific), 55 Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (AGA Medical), and 3 Amulet (Abbott). Total follow-up 304,8 patientyears, mean follow-up duration 2,98±1,72 y.Results. During the period, 1 (0,98%) case of acute stroke was registered and 1 case of transient cerebral ischemia. Control transesophageal assessment was done in 100 patients, in 4 (4%) cases there was transient thrombosis of atrial area of the device with no significant outcomes.Conclusion. Implantation of the LAA occluder is an alternative for anticoagulation in AF patients with high thromboembolic and not possible drug prevention.
RESULTS OF NON-INVASIVE ACTIVATION MAPPING OF THE HEART IN “IDIOPATHIC” VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN COMPARISON WITH STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOCARDIUM BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Mironova N. A. , Yeghiazaryan L. H. , Aparina О. P. , Malkina T. A. , Stukalova O. V. , Bakalov S. A. , Golitsyn S. P. 
Published: August 2018

Aim.To compare the results of non-invasive activational mapping in patients with “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias (IVA) with the data on myocardial structure obtained by late enhancement magnetic resonance tomography (MRI).Material and methods.Twenty eight IVA patients, mean age 37 y. o. [26; 45], with ventricular arrhythmias of the heart (VA) of 2nd or higher grade by Lown, and 5 healthy volunteers (HV), mean age 29 [29; 30], underwent surface epiand endocardial non-invasive mapping (SEENIM) of the heart with the system for noninvasive electrophysiological investigation of the heart “Amicard 01C” with the analysis of duration of the activation-recovery interval (ARI) of the ventricles, and high resolution MRI (voxel 1,25x1,25x2,5mm) with delayed contrasting.Results.The number of VA in IVA group was 20196 [11479; 29834] for 24 hours. In 11 patients there were episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). By SEENIM, predominating morphological type of ventricular ectopic activity in 22 patients sourced from the right ventricle myocardium (RV), of those in 20 from outflow tract of the LV (OTLV). There was significantly prolonged ARI in OTLV patients with IVA comparing to HV (p<0,05). In IVA and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia patients, by contrast MRI of the heart, in LV myocardium there were small foci of contrast retention found. There was no correlation of the areas of contrast retention and topography of VA sources.Conclusion.In most of IVA patients the source of VA was outflowing tract of the RV. The revealed prolongation of the ARI of this area in IVA patients can be an important factor of IVA onset. Small foci of LV fibrosis, found in late enhancement MRI of the heart and episodes of so called idiopathic VT, might be the earliest presentation of the “tachycardiopathy” at the step of pathology development when there are no signs of LV dilation.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF FIVE YEAR PATIENTS FOLLOW-UP IN PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION TREATED WITH ANTIARRHYTHMICS
Authors: Rybakova T. A. , Stolyarova V. V. , Nazarkina M. G. , Leschankina N. Yu. 
Published: August 2018

Aim.To analyze the results of 5-year follow-up of the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients (PAF) taking antiarrhythmic therapy (AAT)Material and methods.Patients (n=500) were selected to 11 groups: I — healthy, II — controls, III-XI — PAF taking AAT. The baseline parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed during 5-year follow-up.Results.Decrease of SDNN does 1,9 times increase the risk of AF development during the first 3 months from preventive AAT start. Decrease of RMSSD does 3,9 times increase the risk of AF during the first 2 weeks, and 1,9 times — 3 months; decrease of Delta X increases the risk of AF 3,9 times during 2 weeks, 2 times — during 3 months, 1,4 times — during 6 months, 1,3 times — during 12 months and 3 years. Increase of Amo does 1,8 times increase the risk of AF during first 3 months. If there was baseline decrease of Delta X and RMSSD, then within 2 weeks the AF paroxysm developed in 7,9% patients, and in 3 months — 15,9% patients. With the decrease of Delta X and RMSSD, in combination with low SDNN, the probability of sinus rhythm retention during 1 year is 51,2%.Conclusion.PAF patients taking preventive AAT demand for ECG assessment of HRV parameters no less than once per 3 months.