bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Anti-PD(L)1 for the Treatment of Solid Malignancies
Authors: Souza Iza Andrade de A. , Dobbert Beatriz de M. , Sao Jose Barbara G. , Homse-Netto Joao Pedro , Furlan Larissa L. , Abreu Maira S. , Ferrari Camila , Uchoa Bruno , Abdallah Kathia , Lucio Stephano N. , Soler Joao A. , Fernandez Fabio L.C. , Ferreira Luiza , Guedes Joao D. , Fares Aline F. , Araujo Daniel V. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Mounting data suggest that lower doses of anti-PD(L)1 agents can be as efficacious as label-approved doses at a fraction of its cost. We compare the outcomes of patients treated with low-dose (LD) and with conventional-dose (CD) anti-PD(L)1 agents.

METHODS
This observational study evaluates the outcomes of patients with solid malignancies treated with anti-PD(L)1 agents (LD or CD) at Hospital de Base, Brazil. Patients were classified as receiving LD if the dose administered in the first cycle was below the label-approved dose. Efficacy outcomes, including best clinical overall response rate (cORR), clinical progression-free survival (cPFS), and overall survival (OS), were evaluated.

RESULTS

From January 2020 to May 2023, 71 patients were included: 49 (69%) with LD and 22 (31%) with CD agents. The most frequent tumor sites were the lung (41% LD, 22.9% CD) and skin (melanoma; 24.6% LD, 50% CD). Most of the patients were treated with pembrolizumab (65% LD and 72% CD). The mean dose of pembrolizumab was 95.3 mg (1.5 mg/kg) in LD and 168.7 mg (2.12 mg/kg) in CD groups, once a day, q21d (every 21 days). After a median follow-up of 10.9 months, there were no significant differences between LD versus CD in cORR (38.1%
v
35.2%,
P
= .31), cPFS (5.3 m
v
7 m,
P
= .36), and OS (12.8 m
v
not reached,
P
= .17). A subgroup analysis with patients receiving pembrolizumab was performed, and similar results were obtained.

CONCLUSION
Our study found no differences in cORR, cPFS, and OS between patients treated with LD and CD anti-PD(L)1. LD anti-PD(L)1 could be an alternative to promote accessibility, which warrants further investigation in randomized trials.
Matter-antimatter (a)symmetry in de Sitter Universe
Authors: Gazeau Jean-Pierre , Pejhan Hamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the matter-antimatter properties of elementary systems, modeled as free quantum fields, within the global structure of de Sitter spacetime. By leveraging the distinctive causal and analytic properties of de Sitter spacetime, we propose that matter-antimatter asymmetry could emerge as an observer-dependent effect shaped by time orientation within a local causal patch, rather than as a fundamental property of de Sitter Universe itself. This kinematic perspective complements, rather than replaces, standard dynamical processes —such as baryon number violation,

violation, and nonequilibrium processes— that fulfill Sakharov's criteria. Within this framework, the limited presence of antimatter in our predominantly matter-filled Universe, specifically within the causal patch of de Sitter spacetime under consideration, may arise from these mechanisms, though through pathways distinct from conventional interpretations.
Efficient intraband radiative recombination in Bi-doped Si nanocrystals
Authors: Maksimova G. M. , Fomichev S. A. , Burdov V. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is shown theoretically that sufficiently strong short-range potential of a donor in combination with the effect of quantum confinement is capable of creating great splitting of the energy levels in the conduction band of small Si nanocrystals with a Bi atom. Consequently, radiative transitions between the split levels can generate photons of the near-infrared and, even, visible ranges. Typical rates of these intraband transitions are of the order of 107 s−1, which allows one to hope for high efficiency of possible luminescence in the system.
GH Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Feretzakis Georgios , Kreouzi Magdalini , Anagnostou Dimitrios , Hitas Christos , Verykios Vassilios S , Nikolaou Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure (HF) primarily targets neurohormonal activation. However, GH has emerged as a potential treatment for the multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome, which is associated with worse outcomes in HF.

Objective
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of GH therapy in HF.

Data Sources
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, according to PRISMA guidelines

Study Selection
Randomized, placebo-controlled trials studying GH therapy in adult HF patients were included. Of the 1184 initially identified records, 17 studies (1.4%) met the inclusion criteria.

Data extraction
Two independent authors conducted the search, with any disagreements resolved by a third author. Study quality was assessed using predefined criteria, including randomization, blinding, and the presence of a placebo group.

Data Synthesis
A random-effects model was applied due to heterogeneity across studies. GH therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (+3.34%; 95% CI, 1.09-5.59; P = .0037), peak oxygen consumption (+2.84 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.32-4.36; P = .0002), and New York Heart Association class (−0.44; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.81; P = .023). GH therapy also reduced the composite of death, worsening HF or ventricular tachycardia by 41% (RR = .59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90; P = .013). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, baseline ejection fraction ≥30%, and longer treatment duration experienced greater benefits.

Conclusion
GH therapy demonstrated improvements in cardiac function, exercise capacity, and HF symptoms, along with a statistically significant trend toward improvements in hard endpoints. Event-driven trials are needed to validate these findings.
Pituitary Gigantism in an Adolescent Girl With Postsurgical Residual Disease Treated With Lanreotide
Authors: Kanley Amissabah M , Bossert Whitney L , Elrokhsi Salaheddin H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pituitary gigantism (PG) is a rare endocrine disorder that may present with multiple pituitary hormone abnormalities in pediatric patients. A hallmark presentation is accelerated growth due to growth hormone (GH) excess. Current treatment modalities include surgery, radiation, and medical therapy. We describe a 14-year-old girl who presented with recurrent slipped capital femoral epiphysis with GH excess and multiple other hormonal abnormalities. A sellar mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and was surgically resected. The pathology report was consistent with pituitary gland adenoma with mammosomatotrophs hyperplasia. Post surgery, serial laboratory results showed persistently elevated growth factor and GH levels, and residual tumor was reported on follow-up imaging. Even though we found limited data on the efficacy and safety of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, lanreotide, in the treatment of PG, a total of 4 doses of lanreotide successfully reduced growth factor and GH levels to normal ranges in our patient. Repeat imaging 5 weeks post discontinuation of lanreotide showed reduction of residual tumor volume. This case reveals that a short course of lanreotide may be used as an effective medical treatment in pediatric patients with PG who have residual disease after surgical intervention.
The Decline of Innovation and the Rise of Contribution
Authors: Berger-Soraruff Amélie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the concept of innovation through the philosophy of Bernard Stiegler. Traditionally understood as the successful commercialization of a technical invention, innovation is considered to be the driving force behind capitalist growth. In recent years, it has been accused of being unsustainable and has been resented by many for causing more harms than benefits for life on the planet. As a result, a new generation of thinkers encourages the exit from innovation as part of a politics of “degrowth.” Although legitimate, these concerns are unfounded, as these thinkers misunderstand innovation in leaving aside the capacity for a technical phenomenon to bring effective change in society. This article turns to Stiegler's work in order to broaden the meaning of innovation. His philosophy allows us to approach innovation as a broader historical and biological drive that concerns the inherent technical character of the human. It shows that the human ability to introduce novelty and change in general can only be pursued through an interaction with technics. In a context where most of the technical resources essential to the introduction of significant change in society are owned by giant industries that only propose products destined for immediate consumption, Stiegler claims that it is politically crucial for individuals to intervene. This must be in developing a working knowledge of their technical environment in order to become again the active producers of their future, instead of being the passive consumers of a lifestyle that is essentially destructive. For these reasons, the article concludes that innovation, understood as a collective practice and a mode of social empowerment, must be revived rather than repressed.
Internship during Certificate Course in Medical Editing by UHS and PAME
Authors: Farasat Nabiha 
Published: November 2024

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.11266
How to cite this: Farasat N. Internship during Certificate Course in Medical Editing by UHS and PAME. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2752-2754. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.11266
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Improving cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life among heart failure patients: A comparative study of circuit resistance training and myofascial release techniques
Authors: Thomaz Sergio R. , Goulart Cássia Da Luz , Turri-Silva Natália , Teixeira Felipe A. , Freitas Luis , Rodrigues Glauco Lima , Cipriano Graziella França B. , Cipriano Gerson , Cahalin Lawrence P. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Heart failure (HF) imposes limitations due to severe dyspnea and fatigue, which are often linked to diminished exercise tolerance, potentially influenced by compromised microvascular density, blood flow, and muscle strength. Myofascial release techniques (MRT) have demonstrated the capacity to enhance blood flow by reducing fascial tension.

Purpose
To assess the impact of incorporating MRT into Circuit Resistance Training (CRT) in comparison to an unsupervised home-based rehabilitation (RUHB) program on exercise tolerance (ET), muscle strength (MS), quality of life (QoL), and depression in patients with HF.

Methods
A randomized clinical trial involved HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, ejection fraction <50%) and NYHA classes II–IV. Participants were randomly assigned to either CRT (performing 2 circuits of 8 exercises thrice a week for three months) or CRT+MRT (receiving a combination of CRT and 6 MRT interventions once a week). Assessments included cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) to measure ET, MS evaluated through One Repetition Maximum (1RM), QoL using the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLwHFQ), and Depression through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) conducted before and after the interventions.

Results
Thirty-eight patients (14 in CRT, 14 in CRT+MRT, and 10 in RUHB), with a mean age of 55 years and 50% male, completed the study. After 12 weeks, only the CRT group displayed a significant effect in certain ET variables VO2 peak [baseline 12 (9–15) vs post 16 (11–19) ml/kg/min, p<0.05], VO2peak (ml/min) [baseline 848 (640–1056) vs post 1103 (852–1355) p<0.05], VE/VCO2 slope [baseline 34 (27–41) vs post 31 (27–36) p<0.05] and VO2/HRpeak [baseline 7 (5–9) vs post 11 (8–14) p<0.05]. There were significant decreases in the ΔMLwHFQ in the CRT group vs. RUHB (p<0.001) and CRT+MRT group vs. RUHB (p<0.001), demonstrating improved quality of life after 12 weeks in CRT and CRT+MRT groups.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that CRT alone is sufficient to enhance cardiorespiratory function and muscle capacity, improve the quality of life, and alleviate depression in individuals with HF.
Factors associated with perinatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Bezie Meklit Melaku , Asebe Hiwot Altaye , Asnake Angwach Abrham , Fente Bezawit Melak , Negussie Yohannes Mekuria , Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Melkam Mamaru , Seifu Beminate Lemma 
Published: November 2024

Background
Perinatal mortality is a major global public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite perinatal mortality being a major public health concern in SSA, there are very limited studies on the incidence and factors associated with perinatal mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with perinatal mortality in SSA.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 27 SSA countries. About 314,099 births in the preceding five years of the surveys were considered for the analysis. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with perinatal mortality. Deviance (-2Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR)) was used for model comparison. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 5% Confidence Interval (CI) of the best-fitted model was used to verify the significant association between factors and perinatal mortality.

Results
The perinatal mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was 37.31 per 1,000 births (95% CI: 36.65, 37.98). In the final best-fit model, factors significantly associated with higher perinatal mortality included media exposure (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.21), health facility delivery (AOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.15), having 2–4 births (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.47), five or more births (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.53, 1.86), residence in West Africa (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.36) or Central Africa (AOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11), rural residency (AOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13), and difficulty accessing a health facility (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10). In contrast, factors significantly associated with lower perinatal mortality were a preceding birth interval of 2–4 years (AOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.74) or five or more years (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97), Antenatal Care (ANC) visit (AOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.69), higher education levels (AOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93), middle household wealth (AOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), and richer household wealth (AOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99).

Conclusion
Perinatal mortality was a major public health problem in SSA. Maternal socio-demographic, obstetrical, and healthcare-related factors are significantly associated with perinatal mortality. The findings of this study highlighted the need for holistic healthcare interventions targeting enhancing maternal healthcare services to reduce the incidence of perinatal mortality.
Seasonal influenza vaccination: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan Olla , Amarin Justin Z. , Potter Molly , Haddadin Zaid , Yanis Ahmad , Shawareb Yanal , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Haddadin Randa , Halasa Natasha B. , Spieker Andrew J. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Influenza is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being the primary preventive strategy. Despite recommendations, influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers (HCPs) remains suboptimal, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean. We aimed to assess the attitudes and practices of HCPs in Jordan regarding seasonal influenza vaccination and assess sources of variation thereof.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey study among a sample of HCPs practicing in Jordan (12/29/2020–04/26/2021). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographics, influenza vaccination history, attitudes, and practices. We used logistic regression to evaluate factors related to vaccine receipt and reasons for non-vaccination. We used proportional odds models to evaluate factors related to HCP recommendations and to compare opinions on influenza vaccination between ever- and never-vaccinated HCPs.

Results
Of 305 survey initiates, 206 HCPs (67.5%) comprised the analytic sample. The median age was 35 years; 61.2% were women, and 43.7% were pharmacists. Over half (52.9%) never received an influenza vaccine; however, older age and self-identifying as a physician were associated with higher odds of having ever received the influenza vaccine. The main reasons for non-vaccination were related to the misassessment of risks and benefits. Prior receipt of influenza vaccination was strongly associated with odds of recommending vaccination (or = 10.5; 95% CI = [5.38–20.3]; p<0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic reportedly enhanced influenza vaccine acceptance among 48.5% of HCPs surveyed.

Conclusions
Low influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers in Jordan is related to misassessment of risks and benefits. Enhancing attitudes and confidence through tailored education is crucial to overcoming hesitancy and promoting sustained improvements in vaccination attitudes and practices among HCPs in Jordan.
Use of Biosimilars to Infliximab During Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Neonatal Outcomes Study
Authors: Long Millie D. , Kane Sunanda , Beaulieu Dawn , Abraham Bincy , Zhang Xian , Mahadevan Uma 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes of women with inflammatory bowel disease using biosimilar vs originator infliximab (IFX).

METHODS:
In a prospective cohort of pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease, we collected characteristics, medications, pregnancy outcomes, and developmental milestones. We compared outcomes by IFX biosimilar or originator use via bivariate statistics.

RESULTS:
A total of 100 pregnant women on originator IFX and 20 on biosimilar IFX were included. There were no differences in pregnancy complications between groups (48% vs 35%, P = 0.29). Infant developmental milestones were comparable at 12 months.

DISCUSSION:
Biosimilar IFX is not associated with adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes.
Finite element analysis of heat transfer behavior in glass fiber/metal composite materials under constant heat load
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhu Ting , Ma Qian , Wang Shudong , Zhou Hongtao , Zhao Jumei , Jin Limin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A finite element analysis model was employed to analyze the heat conduction behavior of glass fiber/metal (stainless steel, aluminum, or oxygen-free copper) composite materials under a constant thermal load of 100°C on the metal surface, i.e., the temperature distribution after reaching thermal equilibrium. By comparing and analyzing the effects of different metal materials, different air convection heat transfer capabilities, and different metal phase thicknesses, the heat transfer mechanism is elaborated. The results indicate that the metal with stronger heat conduction capacity induces more uniform temperature distribution, while the temperature uniformity on the fiber is relatively worse. Besides, with the increase of the air convection heat transfer coefficient, the temperature on the fiber phase shows a significant downward trend, however, the impact on the metal phase remains limited. In addition, the metal thickness primarily affects the weight or rigidity of the composite material, with minimal impact on temperature distribution.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate glutathione metabolism depending on the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 signal pathway to repair phosphoramide mustard-induced ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Sun Lu , Fan Xiaodong , Chen Qian , Liu Guoyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on glutathione (GSH) metabolism in human ovarian cancer cells induced by phosphoramide mustard (PM). The experiment was divided into five groups, namely, the blank group (ovarian cancer cells), the control group (ovarian cancer cells + HUC-MSCs), the model group (ovarian cancer cells + PM), the treatment group (ovarian cancer cells + PM + HUC-MSCs), and the inhibitor group (ovarian cancer cells + PM + HUC-MSCs + extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059). The apoptosis rate of ovarian cancer cells was detected by flow cytometry. Intracellular levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein imprinting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), p-ERK heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels. First, the apoptosis rate in the model group was increased compared with that of the blank group. The levels of γ-GCS, p-ERK, HO-1, and Nrf-2 decreased, while the levels of malondialdehyde, GSSG, and ROS increased. Second, compared with the model group, the apoptosis rate in the treatment group decreased. GSH, γ-GCS, p-ERK, HO-1, and Nrf2 levels increased. Malondialdehyde, GSSG, and ROS levels decreased. Third, after the administration of ERK inhibitor, the apoptosis rate of cells increased. GSH, p-ERK, and HO-1 levels decreased. GSSG and ROS levels increased (P < 0.05), and γ-GCS level had a downward trend compared with the treatment group. To conclude, HUC-MSCs may regulate the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 pathway to increase γ-GCS expression and GSH production, reduce ROS level and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and improve antioxidant capacity.
Variational approach to chemical reactions beyond local equilibrium
Authors: Herrera-Castro Filiberto , del Río Jesus Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The formal description of chemical reactions far from equilibrium is an open task. Chemical reactions are central to various phenomena in life, industry, and the environment. In this work, we use a variational principle within the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics to obtain relaxation equations for the fast variables and close the balance equations. Our approach extends traditional local equilibrium thermodynamics by incorporating formal expressions for the unknown generalized equations of state, which we can expand in low and higher-order terms, allowing for a more comprehensive representation of non-linear and dissipative phenomena and capturing wave-like behaviours relevant to oscillatory chemical systems. The formalism aligns well with previous theoretical works and provides additional insights into the influence of diffusion fluxes on reaction rates. The resulting equations may describe velocity reactions with different relaxation times and diffusion reactions. We present a comparison of our results with experiments in the context of a particular chemical kinetics case. We emphasize the need for practical applications in areas like environmentally friendly chemical reaction systems.