bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Thermoelectric Materials Based on the Thermodiffusion Effect: Mechanism, Advancements, and Applications
Authors: Fu Mi , Sun Zhenxuan , Yuan Yuwei , Yue Kan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relentless increase in global energy consumption, coupled with the detrimental effects of over‐reliance on non‐renewable fossil fuels, has necessitated a paradigm shift in the energy industry towards sustainable energy sources. Thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising avenue for harnessing waste heat, offering a viable solution to the dual challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution. Compared with traditional electronic thermoelectric materials, ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) materials have received increasing attention. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in i‐TE materials based on the thermodiffusion effect, including an in‐depth analysis of the fundamental principle, material design, and potential applications. The significance of material selection is highlighted, with types of i‐TE materials ranging from liquid to quasi‐solid and solid states, each presenting unique advantages and challenges. The innovative microstructural engineering and regulating interactions are identified as key strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performance of i‐TE materials. Furthermore, the applications in capacitors and generators and sensing devices are summarized, demonstrating their potentials in varieties of scenarios. Encouraged by the recent rapid progresses, it is believed that the ionic i‐TE materials and related technology are expected to generate practical impacts in the future solutions for sustainable energy.
Apartness relations between propositions
Authors: Kocsis Zoltan A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe classify all apartness relations definable in propositional logics extending intuitionistic logic using Heyting algebra semantics. We show that every Heyting algebra which contains a non‐trivial apartness term satisfies the weak law of excluded middle, and every Heyting algebra which contains a tight apartness term is in fact a Boolean algebra. This answers a question of Rijke regarding the correct notion of apartness for propositions, and yields a short classification of apartness terms that can occur in a Heyting algebra. We also show that Martin‐Löf Type Theory is not able to construct non‐trivial apartness relations between propositions.
A Bio‐Based Polybenzoxazine Derived from Diphenolic Acid with Intrinsic Flame Retardancy, High Glass Transition Temperature and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Qin Zhong‐Qiong , Wang Xin , Qin Hao‐Ran , Lan Xi‐Yang , Ou Bao‐Xiang , Hu Yuan , Song Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA bio‐based benzoxazine monomer, diphenolic methyl ester hexafluoro diamino benzoxazine (DPME‐HFBz), was successfully synthesized from diphenolic acid (DPA), and the chemical structure was successfully verified. The curing kinetics were studied via non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The activation energies of DPME‐HFBz were calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods to be 136.15 and 139.92 kJ/mol, respectively, and the reaction order was calculated to be first order. Owing to the large number of hydrogen bonds after polymerization, poly(DPME‐HFBz) presented an ultra‐high glass transition temperature of 312 °C and a high initial decomposition temperature (350 °C under air and 345 °C under nitrogen). Because of the excellent charring ability (50.2% residue under nitrogen), the LOI value of poly(DPME‐HFBz) was as high as 38%. Poly(DPME‐HFBz) also exhibited a very low heat release capacity (HRC) of 90 J/(g·K). In addition, poly(DPME‐HFBz) had a dielectric constant (Dk) of 1.88 at 1.5 MHz, which was much lower than the Dk of the reported low‐dielectric polymers. This work provides an efficient and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of benzoxazine thermosetting materials with excellent comprehensive properties.
Pain Remission Following Delayed Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Amputees
Authors: Raasveld Floris V. , Mayrhofer‐Schmid Maximilian , Johnston Benjamin R. , Hwang Charles D. , Valerio Ian L. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTargeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of neuropathic pain. This study aims to identify patients for whom delayed TMR may be most effective and to identify associated factors for favorable pain outcomes in this patient population.MethodsAn analysis was conducted on prospectively enrolled amputee patients who underwent delayed TMR at a tertiary care center from 2017 to 2024. Data on demographics, comorbidities, surgical details, and pain outcomes were collected. Patient reported pain severity on a 0–10 scale was prospectively collected. The main pain outcome was pain remission (achieving the minimally clinically important difference (MCID)). Additionally, sustained mild pain (pain score ≤ 3/10 for ≥ 3 months), and pain disappearance (pain score 0/10 for ≥ 3 months) were assessed. Multivariable regression analyses identified factors influencing pain outcomes.ResultsOut of 101 patients included in this study, 64 patients (63.4%) achieved pain remission within a two‐year post‐operative period, and 37 patients (36.6%) did not. Sustained mild pain, which could be achieved in addition to pain remission, was achieved by 45.8% of patients, with 17.8% of these achieving complete pain disappearance. Patients achieving pain remission demonstrated lower pain over the entire post‐operative trajectory (p < 0.001). Lower pre‐operative pain scores, absence of depression, no pre‐operative opioid use, lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and distal amputation levels were correlated with favorable outcomes following delayed TMR (p < 0.05).DiscussionPre‐operative pain severity, psychiatric comorbidities, and opioid use significantly influenced pain outcomes, emphasizing the need for comprehensive patient assessment. These findings will help with patient stratification and pre‐operative counseling to support patients who are best suitable for delayed TMR surgery.
Epigenetic remodeling under oxidative stress: Mechanisms driving tumor metastasis
Authors: Peng Peilan , Qin Siyuan , Li Lei , He Zhijun , Li Bowen , Nice Edouard C. , Zhou Li , Lei Yunlong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTumor metastasis is a multistep, inefficient process orchestrated by diverse signaling pathways. Compared to primary tumor cells, disseminated tumor cells inevitably encounter higher oxidative stress in foreign environments. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluctuate dynamically during different metastatic stages, adding complexity to the regulation of metastatic progression. Numerous studies suggest that epigenetic remodeling, a key reversible mechanism of gene regulation, plays a critical role in responding to oxidative stress and controlling gene expression profiles that drive metastasis. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of how oxidative stress impacts metastasis through epigenetic modifications remains elusive, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, ncRNAs, and m6A modification. Epigenetic therapeutic strategies, such as DNMT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), and miRNA mimics, have shown promise, yet challenges related to immunogenicity, specificity, and delivery also exist. Furthermore, due to limited understanding, some drugs targeting m6A modification have yet to be explored. In this review, we provided an overview of how oxidative stress influences tumor metastatic behavior, summarized the epigenetic mechanisms involved in these processes, and reviewed the latest advancements in epigenetic‐targeted therapies, which may pave the way to develop novel strategy for preventing or treating tumor metastasis.
Design of Absorptive Bandpass Filters With General Chebyshev Response Based on λ/4 Microstrip Lines
Authors: Feng Zhang‐Zhe , Ma Yi‐Hao , Liu Qi Qiang , Zhao Wen‐Sheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this brief, a synthesis design method is proposed for one‐port absorptive bandpass filters (BPFs) with general Chebyshev response and transmission zeros. The method is based on coupling matrix theory, enabling the derivation of normalized coupling matrix coefficients based on user‐defined parameters, including 3 dB bandwidth, in‐band reflection coefficient, and out‐of‐band rejection. Moreover, it offers design equations for designing absorptive filters using transmission lines, coupling lines, and stubs, all with a length of one‐quarter wavelength at the center frequency of the passband. To illustrate this method, a fourth‐order absorptive BPF with a general Chebyshev response and two transmission zeros is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the design method.
Open‐chest cardiac ultrasound‐mediated imaging with a vacuum coupler
Authors: Mathuria Nilesh , Vishwanath Krithik , Brero Giorgio , Fallon Blake C. , Martino Antonio , Willson Richard C. , Filgueira Carly S. , Bouchard Richard R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundA fundamental obstacle for the preclinical development of ultrasound‐(US) mediated cardiac imaging remains cardiac motion, which limits interframe correlation during extended acquisition periods.PurposeTo address this need, we present the design and implementation of a 3D‐printed vacuum coupler that stabilizes a US transducer on the epicardial surface of the heart for feasibility assessment and development of advanced, cardiac, US‐mediated imaging approaches.MethodsThe vacuum coupler was 3D printed with biocompatible resins and secured with a standard intraoperative suction aspirator. US‐mediated imaging (i.e., B‐mode and photoacoustic [PA] imaging) was performed in an open‐chest porcine model with and without the vacuum coupler. Based on inter‐frame displacement tracking and cross‐correlation (CC) coefficients, changes in frame motion and stability were compared for each imaging mode/configuration through a prolonged (∼1 min) acquisition, while the impact on PA‐based SO2 accuracy was assessed.ResultsWhen compared to conventional handheld imaging, stand‐off imaging, and coupler without suction, epicardial imaging with the vacuum coupler and suction applied led to a significantly reduced mean axial displacement of 0.15 mm versus 0.89, 0.49, & 0.49 mm, respectively (p‐values ≤ 8.65e‐7). Comparing the coupler without suction to that with suction applied, physiologically unrealistic SO2 estimates reduced from 1.72 to 0.81%, respectively, and lateral interframe displacement reduced from 4.58 to 2.01 mm, respectively (p‐value = 5.07e‐23). Overall, reduced cardiac tissue motion and increased interframe CC coefficient (baseline = 0.43 vs. coupler with suction = 0.80) allow for more accurate PA unmixing.ConclusionsEpicardial US‐mediated imaging with a vacuum coupler reduces cardiac motion artifact, providing a consistent sampling of an intended region of interest (ROI) over multiple cardiac cycles. This could help facilitate the development of advanced US‐mediated imaging, which is often hindered by cardiac motion. Stable implementation of these imaging techniques could allow for intra‐operative assessments of local cardiac perfusion as well as tissue characterization.
Two New Alkaloids of the Endophytic Fungus Rhizopus oryzae From Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz
Authors: Meicen Yue , Hui Lei , Baorui Teng , Xiujuan Fu , Siwei Chen , Zan Wang , Dan Zhang , Yu Luo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTwo new alkaloids, named migenomycin I (1) and II (2), along with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the fungus Rhizopus oryzae from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic methods (MS, NMR, and CD). All compounds were isolated from Rhizopus oryzae for the first time. In addition, the antitumor activities of compounds 1 and 2 and the hypoglycemic activities of most compounds were evaluated.
MSC: A Unique Chameleon Hash‐Based Off‐Chain Storage Framework for Metaverse Applications
Authors: Xiong Chenxi , Yang Ting , Mao Gang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBlockchain has evolved into a secure and trustworthy environment for decentralized applications, offering the advantages of tamper‐resistant, while simultaneously introducing on‐chain overhead issues. The development of metaverse related smart contracts on blockchain has given rise to a compelling research inquiry concerning the secure reduction of on‐chain storage overhead. In this research, the Metaverse Off‐chain Storage Framework based on Chameleon hash (MSC), a unique framework for decentralized system based on chameleon hash, supports code or stored data updates without changing on‐chain data is presented. The index of decentralized applications' data is calculated using the Chameleon hash to ensure that the index remains unchanged during the data modification process. Simultaneously, data can be stored outside of the blockchain with proper authentication mechanisms in place. The experimental results have shown that MSC exhibits reduced on‐chain storage requirements when compared to similar frameworks. Furthermore, MSC significantly reduced overhead as compared to the direct storage of data within a smart contract.
Multidisciplinary Inpatient Community Rehabilitation Programmes for Frail Older People: A Scoping Review
Authors: McDonnell Muireann , Bell Mary , Lawler Fiona , Duffy Anita , Connolly Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this review was to examine the evidence on multidisciplinary inpatient community rehabilitation intervention programmes for frail older people to establish what frailty rehabilitation programmes if any have been described within the literature and to identify gaps in knowledge and outcome measures used.DesignA scoping review was conducted.MethodsUsing the Joanna Briggs Institute approach to scoping reviews, a comprehensive literature search was conducted accessing MEDLINE via PubMed, PsychINFO (via Proquest), CINAHL Complete (via EBSCO) and the Cochrane Library and a limited search of the grey literature was undertaken.ResultsFour articles met the inclusion criteria. A heterogenous approach to geriatric rehabilitation was evident across the literature. While the reported rehabilitation interventions were aimed at frail older people, the predominant focus of frailty rehabilitation programmes were on the physical functionality of the older person with an absence or limited measurement of any psychosocial, cognitive or spiritual outcomes or aspects of quality of life.ConclusionThis scoping review exposed the paucity of scientific evidence supporting the need for inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitative programmes for frail older people wishing to remain at home.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTimely access to inpatient integrated frailty rehabilitation programmes can improve the quality of life and reduce the likelihood of hospital admissions for frail older people who wish to remain living in their own homes. With the current dearth of published evidence available, there is a necessity to undertake further research to understand the form, content and best models of delivery for frailty rehabilitative services for clinical, policy and practice purposes.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution.
Orexin concentrations and diurnal variation in the cerebrospinal fluid of intensive care unit patients undergoing aortic surgery with spinal drainage
Authors: Nishiyama Seiya , Sekine Akiko , Masuyama Tomoyuki , Nagatomo Kanae , Kanbayashi Takashi , Sanui Masamitsu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of orexin show a cyclic diurnal variation in healthy subjects, which is diminished in patients with certain diseases. However, possible circadian variations in orexin levels in critically ill patients remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the orexin concentrations in the CSF and their diurnal variation in patients undergoing thoracic aortic aneurysm repair with lumbar intrathecal catheterization for CSF drainage after non‐neurosurgery.MethodsEligible patients with a lumbar intrathecal catheter placed for CSF drainage following aortic surgery at a single‐center ICU between September 2019 and February 2020 were included. Catheters were placed before anesthesia induction, and CSF was collected at the time of catheter placement, ICU admission, and daily at 6:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 24:00 until the catheter was removed or for up to 5 days after admission to the ICU.ResultsThree patients (Patients A, B, and C) who underwent thoracic aortic aneurysm repair were included. Patients B and C received sedatives or hypnotics during the orexin measurement period. The baseline orexin levels for Patients A, B, and C were 219.9, 312.3, and 403.8 pg/mL, while the mean orexin levels were 319.4 ± 82.6, 372.4 ± 56.0, and 306.3 ± 48.3 pg/mL, respectively. For all three patients, orexin levels showed diurnal variations, but no consistent periodic changes.ConclusionCSF orexin concentrations for patients undergoing thoracic aortic aneurysm repair in the ICU were within the reported range compared to those of previously reported healthy subjects; however, consistent periodic diurnal variations were not observed.
The missing woodland story: Implications of 1700 years of stand‐scale change on ‘naturalness’ and managing remnant broadleaved woodlands
Authors: Everard Annabel , Schofield J. Edward , Mighall Tim , Timpany Scott , Plunkett Gill 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Longer‐term perspectives—equivalent to the lifespans of long‐lived trees—are required to fully inform perceptions of ‘naturalness’ used in woodland conservation and management.

Stand‐scale dynamics of an old growth temperate woodland are reconstructed using palaeoecological data. The study site is Cambusurich Wood, Scotland, a woodland designated for conservation due to its ‘naturalness’. High temporal resolution palaeoecological records (pollen, plant macrofossils, non‐pollen palynomorphs and charcoal analyses) are used to explore long‐term human‐woodland interactions and the drivers of stand‐scale woodland dynamics.

The results demonstrate stand‐scale woodland responses to climatic changes and human‐woodland interactions (increasingly) since 220 cal. BP (1730 CE).

Periods of intense herbivore grazing and trampling altered the local vegetation composition and sediment accumulation.

Greater vegetation diversity is associated with woodland disturbance through fire and moderate grazing. Subsequent cessation of localised burning and continued (long‐term) grazing have had legacy effects on woodland composition and diversity.

Synthesis and applications: The current woodland is identified as being compositionally and structurally distinct from past woodland conditions, and its perceived ‘naturalness’ can be considered a ‘shifted baseline’, highlighting the importance of longer‐term perspectives to woodland management. Human‐woodland interactions are important in shaping modern woodlands and should not be overlooked in future management strategies as human‐induced disturbance can promote woodland diversity, resilience and valuable ecosystem characteristics.

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Characterization of Biocompatible Gellan Gum Fractions for Prolonged Retention in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Tatykhanova Gulnur S. , Tuleyeva Rysgul N. , Gizatullina Nargiz N. , Kaldybekov Daulet B. , Bardadym Yuliia V. , Aseyev Vladimir O. , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGellan gum (GG) emerges as a promising candidate for developing polymeric carriers with extended retention on the ocular surface, aiming to enhance the efficacy of topical ocular drug delivery systems. This study undertakes the purification of commercial GG through fractional dissolution and ultrasonic treatment, producing fractions characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The intrinsic viscosity of GG samples was measured in a 0.025 M tetramethylammonium chloride solution and their molecular weights were calculated via the Mark‐Kuhn‐Houwink equation. Methodological choices regarding synthetic procedures, solvents and reagents were guided by considerations of biocompatibility, aligning with the end goal of drug delivery applications. The study further explores the mucoadhesive potential of GG fractions with varying molecular weights for ocular drug delivery, utilizing an in vitro flow‐through technique with fluorescent detection on freshly excised bovine corneal mucosa surfaces. The findings under‐score the viability of GG formulations in enhancing ocular drug retention and pave the way for future applications in topical ocular therapeutics.
Recent developments in the mechanical properties and recycling of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dixit Saurav , Singh Subhav , Sreenivasa S. , Bains Pardeep Singh , Sharma Rohit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFiber‐reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) have become integral to various industries due to their exceptional strength‐to‐weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and versatility. Recent advancements in the properties and recycling of FRPCs reflect significant progress in performance and sustainability. This paper reviews the latest developments in FRPC technology, highlighting innovations in material formulation, including advancements in fiber types, matrix materials, and hybrid composites that enhance mechanical properties. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the modification of matrices by incorporating graphene, which aims to improve the chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix. Additionally, it addresses recent breakthroughs in recycling technologies, focusing on methods such as chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, and developing eco‐friendly matrices. Integrating these advancements aims to improve the lifecycle management of FRPCs, reduce environmental impact, and support the transition towards a circular economy. This review underscores the balance between enhancing composite performance and promoting sustainable practices, paving the way for more environmentally responsible applications of FRPCs.Highlights
The different types of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites have been thoroughly reviewed.
How does graphene affect the mechanical behavior of fiber composite laminates?
Provide a systematic correlation and comparison between fabrication methods, materials, and properties.
The recycling methods for fiber‐reinforced polymer composites have been deliberated.