bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal and evaluation of determination method for multiobjective output dispatch of frequency control generators to compensate for renewable energy system fluctuation in multiarea system operation
Authors: Kaneko Akihisa , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Nonaka Shunsuke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecently, a multiarea system operation utilized a tie‐line has been verified to resolve a shortage of a control capacity of frequency control generators output due to a widespread penetration of renewable energy systems (RES). In order to determine the proper dispatch of the generators output to compensate RES fluctuation in the multiarea system operation, the power system operators should consider power flow constrains and indexes of power system conditions such as the speed of dispatch, the balance of reserved control capacity in each area, and the stability of power supply. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine multiobjective dispatch candidates of frequency control generators output to compensate RES fluctuation in multiarea system operation considering three indexes, a speed of dispatch, a reserved control capacity, and a transient stability based on optimal power flow and multiobjective particle swarm optimization. The methods determine the dispatch based on Euclidean norm of the indexes in the calculated candidates in order to consider all indexes well‐balanced. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified by a numerical simulation used IEEJ EAST 30‐Machine Grid Model with much RES, and the effectiveness of the dispatch minimized Euclidean norm is confirmed by comparison to single‐objective solution in each index among the calculated candidates.
Child and parental sleep in young children with epilepsy: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Reilly Colin , Atkinson Patricia , Memon Ayesha , Jones Chloe , Dabydeen Lyvia , Cross J. Helen , Das Krishna B. , Gillberg Christopher , Neville Brian G.R. , Scott Rod C. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of parent‐reported sleep problems in young children with epilepsy and their parents, and to compare findings with those in a non–epilepsy‐related neurodisability (neurodevelopmental/neurological difficulties) group.MethodParents of young children (1–7 years) with epilepsy (n = 48 [91% ascertainment]) completed the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Parents (mothers and fathers) also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Iowa Fatigue Scale (IFS) in relation to their own functioning. The responses of parents of children with epilepsy were compared with parents of developmental‐, age‐, and gender‐matched children with nonepilepsy‐related neurodisability (n = 48).ResultsThere was not a significant difference in the proportion of children with epilepsy and the children with neurodisability scoring in the at‐risk range on the CSHQ (81% vs. 71% respectively) (p = 0.232). 62% of mothers and 44% of fathers of children with epilepsy had ‘poor quality sleep’ on the PSQI; there was not a significant difference between mothers of children with epilepsy and those of children with neurodisability (p = 0.526) or IFS (p = 0.245) total scores. However, mothers of children with epilepsy had significantly more difficulties on the productivity subscale of the IFS (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences between fathers’ scores on either measure. In the epilepsy group, child behavioral problems (p = 0.001) were independently associated with child sleep difficulties and maternal mental health problems were associated with parental sleep difficulties (p = 0.04) and fatigue (p = 0.018).SignificanceYoung children with epilepsy and their parents have a high rate of sleep difficulties. There is a need to develop effective interventions for this population, taking into consideration of the role of child behavioral problems and parental mental health difficulties.
Accurate modeling of temporal correlations in rapidly sampled fMRI time series
Authors: Corbin Nadège , Todd Nick , Friston Karl J. , Callaghan Martina F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRapid imaging techniques are increasingly used in functional MRI studies because they allow a greater number of samples to be acquired per unit time, thereby increasing statistical power. However, temporal correlations limit the increase in functional sensitivity and must be accurately accounted for to control the false‐positive rate. A common approach to accounting for temporal correlations is to whiten the data prior to estimating fMRI model parameters. Models of white noise plus a first‐order autoregressive process have proven sufficient for conventional imaging studies, but more elaborate models are required for rapidly sampled data. Here we show that when the “FAST” model implemented in SPM is used with a well‐controlled number of parameters, it can successfully prewhiten 80% of grey matter voxels even with volume repetition times as short as 0.35 s. We further show that the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR), which has conventionally been used to assess the relative functional sensitivity of competing imaging approaches, can be augmented to account for the temporal correlations in the time series. This amounts to computing the t‐score testing for the mean signal. We show in a visual perception task that unlike the tSNR weighted by the number of samples, the t‐score measure is directly related to the t‐score testing for activation when the temporal correlations are correctly modeled. This score affords a more accurate means of evaluating the functional sensitivity of different data acquisition options.
Social interaction recruits mentalizing and reward systems in middle childhood
Authors: Alkire Diana , Levitas Daniel , Warnell Katherine Rice , Redcay Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial cognition develops in the context of reciprocal social interaction. However, most neuroimaging studies of mentalizing have used noninteractive tasks that may fail to capture important aspects of real‐world mentalizing. In adults, social‐interactive context modulates activity in regions linked to social cognition and reward, but few interactive studies have been done with children. The current fMRI study examines children aged 8–12 using a novel paradigm in which children believed they were interacting online with a peer. We compared mental and non‐mental state reasoning about a live partner (Peer) versus a story character (Character), testing the effects of mentalizing and social interaction in a 2 × 2 design. Mental versus Non‐Mental reasoning engaged regions identified in prior mentalizing studies, including the temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, peer interaction, even in conditions without explicit mentalizing demands, activated many of the same mentalizing regions. Peer interaction also activated areas outside the traditional mentalizing network, including the reward system. Our results demonstrate that social interaction engages multiple neural systems during middle childhood and contribute further evidence that social‐interactive paradigms are needed to fully capture how the brain supports social processing in the real world.
Prospective motion correction improves the sensitivity of fMRI pattern decoding
Authors: Huang Pei , Carlin Johan D. , Alink Arjen , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Henson Richard N. , Correia Marta M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness of prospective motion correction (PMC) on a simple visual task when no deliberate subject motion was present. The PMC system utilizes an in‐bore optical camera to track an external marker attached to the participant via a custom‐molded mouthpiece. The study was conducted at two resolutions (1.5 mm vs 3 mm) and under three conditions (PMC On and Mouthpiece On vs PMC Off and Mouthpiece On vs PMC Off and Mouthpiece Off). Multiple data analysis methods were conducted, including univariate and multivariate approaches, and we demonstrated that the benefit of PMC is most apparent for multi‐voxel pattern decoding at higher resolutions. Additional testing on two participants showed that our inexpensive, commercially available mouthpiece solution produced comparable results to a dentist‐molded mouthpiece. Our results showed that PMC is increasingly important at higher resolutions for analyses that require accurate voxel registration across time.
Down syndrome is accompanied by significantly reduced cortical grey–white matter tissue contrast
Authors: Bletsch Anke , Mann Caroline , Andrews Derek S. , Daly Eileen , Tan Giles M. Y. , Murphy Declan G. M. , Ecker Christine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreased cortical thickness (CT) has been reported in Down syndrome (DS) during childhood and adolescence, but it remains unclear, which components of the neural architecture underpin these increases and if CT remains altered in adults. Among other factors, differences in CT measures could be driven by reduced tissue contrast between grey and white matter (GWC), which has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we therefore examined differences in CT and GWC in 26 adults with DS, and 23 controls, to (1) examine between‐group differences in CT in adulthood, (2) establish whether DS is associated with significant reductions in GWC, and (3) determine the influence of GWC variability on between‐group differences in CT. As hypothesized, we observed that DS was accompanied by wide‐spread increases in CT, and significantly reduced GWC in several large clusters distributed across the cortex. Out of all vertices with a significant between‐group difference in CT, 38.50% also displayed a significant reduction in GWC. This percentage of overlap was also statistically significant and extremely unlikely to be obtained by chance (p = .0002). Differences in GWC thus seem to explain some, although not all, of the differences in CT observed in DS. In addition, our study is the first to extend previousin vivoreports of altered CT in DS during childhood and adolescence to older adults, implying that the regional pattern of neuroanatomical differences associated with DS remains stable across the lifespan.
Increased resting perfusion of the hippocampus in high positive schizotypy: A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling study
Authors: Modinos Gemma , Egerton Alice , McMullen Katrina , McLaughlin Anna , Kumari Veena , Barker Gareth J. , Williams Steve C. R. , Zelaya Fernando 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArterial spin labeling (ASL) provides absolute quantification of resting tissue cerebral blood flow (CBF) as an entirely noninvasive approach with good reproducibility. As a result of neurovascular coupling, ASL provides a useful marker of resting neuronal activity. Recent ASL studies in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) have reported increased resting hippocampal perfusion compared with healthy controls. Schizotypy refers to the presence of subclinical psychotic‐like experiences in healthy individuals and represents a robust framework to study neurobiological mechanisms involved in the extended psychosis phenotype while avoiding potentially confounding effects of antipsychotic medications or disease comorbidity. Here we applied pseudo‐continuous ASL to examine differences in resting CBF in 21 subjects with high positive schizotypy (HS) relative to 22 subjects with low positive schizotypy (LS), as determined by the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Based on preclinical evidence that hippocampal hyperactivity leads to increased activity in mesostriatal dopamine projections, CBF in hippocampus, midbrain, and striatum was assessed. Participants with HS showed higher CBF of the right hippocampus compared to those with LS (p = .031, family‐wise error corrected). No differences were detected in the striatum or midbrain. The association between increased hippocampal CBF and HS supports the notion that hippocampal hyperactivity might be a central characteristic of the extended psychosis phenotype, while hyperactivity in subcortical dopamine pathways may only emerge at a higher intensity of psychotic experiences.
Durable clinical remission of a skull metastasis under intralesional Viscum album extract therapy: Case report
Authors: Werthmann Paul Georg , Huber Roman , Kienle Gunver Sophia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkull metastases are rare, they can eventually cause pain, and can invade the brain. Viscum album extracts (VAEs) are used as an adjuvant treatment in cancer.Methods and ResultsA 68‐year‐old patient with rectal cancer presented with lung metastases, and metastases to multiple bone sites, the chest wall, and the liver were later identified. Histological examination of one of the bone lesions revealed an additional thyroid carcinoma. An osteolytic parietal bone lesion progressed to a painful metastasis of the skull despite radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The VAEs were applied weekly into the metastasis, followed by pain relief and softening of the lesion. The lesion partially regressed (>50%) after 8 months of continued VAE treatment and remained stable for 2 years.ConclusionThis case shows a durable clinical remission of a skull metastasis under VAE. Further investigations of intratumoral VAE treatment seem worthwhile—especially in symptomatic skull metastases not responding to radiotherapy or systemic therapies.
The role of two‐component systems in the physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kundu Manikuntala 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTuberculosis is a global health problem, with a third of the world's population infected with the bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The problem is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant strains. The search for new drug targets is therefore a priority for researchers in the field. The two‐component systems (TCSs) are central to the ability of the bacterium to sense and to respond appropriately to its environment. Here we summarize current knowledge on the paired TCSs of M. tuberculosis. We discuss what is currently understood regarding the signals to which each of the sensor kinases responds, and the regulons of each of the cognate response regulators. We also discuss what is known regarding attempts to inhibit the TCSs by small molecules and project their potential as pharmacological targets for the development of novel antimycobacterial agents. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(8):710–717, 2018
Influence of sulfhydryl sites on palladium (II) adsorption by displaying EC20 on the surface of Escherichia coli
Authors: Tan Ling , Xiao Yong , Cui Hao , Xu Hang , Xu Meiying , Wu Haiyan , Dong Haigang , Qiu Guanzhou , Liu Xinxing , Xie Jianping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfhydryl binding dominates metal adsorption onto bacteria, however, their role in palladium adsorption under high metal loading conditions remains unclear. We investigated their influence on palladium adsorption by increasing (expression of EC20 protein) and decreasing (selective blocking of ‐SH) the number of sulfhydryl sites on the surface of Escherichia coli (E. coli).RESULTSKinetic and equilibrium studies confirmed that the sulfhydryl sites in the EC20 protein played an important role in Pd (II) adsorption, while blocking the sulfhydryl sites resulted in the decrease of adsorption capacity. The accumulation of palladium in the surface of E. coli BL21 cells was enhanced by displaying EC20 protein, and morphology properties of Pd‐loaded cells changed considerably. SEM and TEM analyses showed that palladium ions were absorbed both in the exterior and interior of cells. Pd‐S bond was detected by XPS in Pd‐loaded cells, and it was demonstrated that the unbound sulfhydryl site was a contributor in Pd (II) adsorption.CONCLUSIONSulfhydryl sites on the surface of E. coli are significant functional groups in Pd (II) adsorption, increasing their number by EC20 protein expression leads to the increase of Pd (II) adsorption capacity, and vice versa. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of light intensity on microalgal growth, nutrients removal and capture of carbon in the wastewater under intermittent supply of CO2
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Ying Kezhen , Chen Guangyao , Tao Yi , Cai Zhonghua , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of light intensity in microalgal cultivation supplied with CO2 is still required to be fully investigated. This study researched the growth of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), nutrient removal and carbon capture in the wastewater for various light intensities under the intermittent injection of CO2.RESULTSThe biomass for 80 µmol m−2 s−1 reached maximum value within 6 days. The chlorophyll content of C. vulgaris exhibited an ascending trend when increasing the light intensity from 20 to 60 µmol m−2 s−1. Cultural pH for 80 µmol m−2 s−1 showed the largest level of increase in the first 4 days, then began to decline. The light intensity of 80 µmol m−2 s−1 had the quickest TN and TP reduction trend in the wastewater. The difference in consumed N versus P ratio was caused by the different specific growth rates and demands for nutrients at each growth stage of C. vulgaris. The degradation of tryptophan‐like substances and the increase of other substances were likely due to the release of extracellular polymeric substance of C. vulgaris.CONCLUSIONThe light intensity of 80 µmol m−2 s−1 resulted in the highest biomass, the quickest TN and TP reduction trend in the wastewater. Light intensity exhibited no significant influence on removal of organic carbon, but affected the transformation of organic compounds in the wastewater under intermittent supply of 10% CO2. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A case of undeclared debt? Claude Lévi‐Strauss’ ambiguities and paradoxes toward analytical psychology
Authors: Serina Florent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIf his relationship to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis has been widely acknowledged, Claude Lévi‐Strauss’ rapport with C.G. Jung's analytical psychology remains quite obscure. While secondary commentary has been abundant, its approach has above all been intertextual, to the detriment of a rigorously historical reading. Even if certain arguments put forward by supporters of so‐called “influence” deserve to be taken into account, especially because they highlight Lévi‐Strauss ambiguities and paradoxes toward Jung, this paper provides proof that a precise reading of the texts, with the help of recent studies on the intellectual genesis of Lévi‐Strauss, lead to reject the thesis of an unstated debt owed by the French anthropologist to the Zurich psychologist.
Variation in flexural stiffness of the lepidotrichia within and among the soft fins of yellow perch under different preservation techniques
Authors: Taft Natalia K. , Taft Benjamin N. , Henck Hailey , Mehner Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the ray‐finned fishes are named for their bony, segmented lepidotrichia (fin rays), we are only beginning to understand the morphological and functional diversity of this key vertebrate structure. Fin rays support the fin web, and their material properties help define the function of the entire fin. Many earlier studies of fin ray morphology and function have focused on isolated rays, or on rays from only one or two fins. At the same time, relatively little is known about how different preservation techniques affect the material properties of many vertebrate structures, including fin rays. Here, we use three‐point bending tests to examine intra‐ and inter‐fin variation in the flexural stiffness of fin rays from yellow perch,Perca flavescens. We sampled fin rays from individuals that were assigned to one of three preservation treatments: fresh, frozen, and preserved with formalin. The flexural stiffness of the fin rays varied within and among fins. Pelvic‐fin rays were the stiffest, and pectoral fin rays the least stiff. The fin rays of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins all had similar stiffness values, which were intermediate relative to those from the paired fins. The flexural stiffness of the fin rays was higher in rays that were at the leading edge of the fin. This variation in flexural stiffness was associated with variation in joint density and the relative length of the unsegmented proximal base of the fin rays. There was no significant difference in flexural stiffness between fresh and frozen specimens. In specimens preserved with formalin, there is a small but significant effect on stiffness in smaller fin rays.
Improving Gas Sequestration by Surfactant‐Alternating‐Gas Injection: A Comparative Evaluation of the Surfactant Type and Concentration
Authors: Kamal Muhammad S. , Adebayo Abdulrauf R. , Fogang Lionel T. , Barri Assad A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGas injection into porous subsurface geological formations for geological storage is currently considered the most preferable and practicable means of reducing greenhouse gases due to the huge capacity of deep saline aquifers. Residual trapping of gas plays an important role in immobilization of injected gas into an aquifer. Surfactant‐alternating‐gas (SAG) injection can be used as a mobility control method in gas sequestration and several simulation studies explained different aspects of residual‐gas trapping. However, research in this field is inconclusive and needs more attention to develop a better understanding. In this work, we used 3 different surfactants from different classes at various concentrations to assess gas‐sequestration efficiency using SAG methods in carbonate and sandstone rocks. This work is the first of its kind on the comparative performance of different surfactants for gas sequestration in different rocks. The surfactants were hydrocarbon zwitterionic, fluorinated zwitterionic, and nonionic. It was found that residual‐gas saturation increases by increasing the surfactant concentration. The increase in residual trapping with surfactant concentration also depends on the type of surfactant and rock. In both rock types considered, the best performance was achieved using fluorinated zwitterionic surfactants followed by hydrocarbon zwitterionic surfactants. In addition, a synergetic effect between hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfactants further improves the residual‐gas saturation. The residual‐gas trapping was higher in the tight sample compared to highly permeable samples. This will help in developing an understanding of surfactant optimization and selection for gas sequestration using the SAG method.
Development of overlapping repeated separation of steviol glycosides with counter current chromatography and a comparison with a conventional repeated separation method
Authors: Huang Xin‐Yi , Tian Min , Pei Dong , Liu Jian‐Fei , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRepeated separation is a valuable method in counter current chromatography, especially on a preparative scale. It can greatly reduce the separation time and the consumption of solvent. In this study, an overlapping repeated separation method was developed. Meanwhile, this method was used to separate steviol glycosides and compared with conventional repeated separation method. The results show that both methods are effective ways for countercurrent chromatography to prepare compounds but the overlapping repeated separation method requires fewer time and solvent than the conventional repeated separation method. So this novel repeated separation method has enormous potential for a preparative separation of target compounds and is very useful for the high‐throughput purification of natural products.