bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐calibrating Bayesian real‐time system identification
Authors: Yuen Ka‐Veng , Kuok Sin‐Chi , Dong Le 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, a novel Bayesian framework is proposed for real‐time system identification with calibratable model classes. This self‐calibrating scheme adaptively reconfigures the model classes to achieve reliable real‐time estimation for the system state and model parameters. At each time step, the plausibilities of the model classes are computed and they serve as the cue for calibration. Once calibration is triggered, all model classes will be reconfigured. Thereafter, identification will continue to propagate with the calibrated model classes until the next recalibration. Consequently, the model classes will evolve and their deficiencies can be corrected adaptively. This remarkable feature of the proposed framework stimulates the accessibility of reliable real‐time system identification. Examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach using noisy response measurement of linear and nonlinear time‐varying dynamical systems under stationary condition.
Effect of centre‐ and patient‐related factors on uptake of haemodiafiltration in Australia and New Zealand: A cohort study using ANZDATA
Authors: Mac Kathy , Hedley James , Kelly Patrick J , Lee Vincent W , Agar John W M , Hawley Carmel M , Johnson David W , See Emily J , Polkinghorne Kevan R , Rabindranath Kannaiyan S , Sud Kamal , Webster Angela C 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of haemodiafiltration (HDF) for the management of patients with end‐stage kidney failure is increasing worldwide. Factors associated with HDF use have not been studied and may vary in different countries and jurisdictions. The aim of this study was to document the pattern of increase and variability in uptake of HDF in Australia and New Zealand, and to describe patient‐ and centre‐related factors associated with its use.MethodsUsing the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, all incident patients commencing haemodialysis (HD) between 2000 and 2014 were included. The primary outcome was HDF commencement over time, which was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression stratified by country.ResultsOf 27 433 patients starting HD, 3339 (14.4%) of 23 194 patients in Australia and 810 (19.1%) of 4239 in New Zealand received HDF. HDF uptake increased over time in both countries but was more rapid in New Zealand than Australia. In Australia, HDF use was more likely in males (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.24, P = 0.009) and less likely with older age (reference <40 years; 40–54 years OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.72–0.99; 55–69 years OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.67–0.91; >70 years OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.41–0.56); higher body mass index (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46–0.84; 18.5–29.9 kg/m2 reference; >30 kg/m2 OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.33–1.61), chronic lung disease (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.76–0.94; P < 0.001), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.67–0.85; P < 0.001) and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.70–0.85; P < 0.001). No association was identified with race. In New Zealand, HDF use was more likely in Maori and Pacific Islanders (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.05–1.66) and Asians (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.15–2.68) compared to Caucasians, and less likely in males (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.62–0.94; P = 0.01). No association was identified with BMI or co‐morbidities. In both countries, centres with a higher ratio of HD to peritoneal dialysis (PD) were more likely to prescribe HDF. Larger Australian centres were more likely to prescribe HDF (36–147 new patients/year OR = 26.75, 95% CI = 18.54–38.59; 17–35/year OR = 7.51, 95% CI = 5.35–10.55; 7–16/year OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 2.19–4.13; ≤6/year reference).ConclusionHaemodiafiltration uptake is increasing, variable and associated with both patient and centre characteristics. Centre characteristics not explicitly captured elsewhere explained 36% of variability in HDF uptake in Australia and 48% in New Zealand.
Neurochemical characterization of the enteric neurons within the porcine jejunum in physiological conditions and under the influence of bisphenol A (BPA)
Authors: Szymanska Kamila , Gonkowski Slawomir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the production of plastics and has multidirectional, negative effects on the living organisms. It may also affect the enteric nervous system (ENS) located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteric neurons express many active substances, which regulate majority of intestinal activities not only in physiological conditions but also under the impact of pathological factors.MethodsThe influence of various doses of BPA on the ENS of jejunum has been investigated using the double immunofluorescence technique. The commercial antibodies against substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CART) were used.Key ResultsBoth doses of BPA studied changed the number of the enteric neurons immunoreactive to SP, VIP, GAL, VAChT, and CART, and the intensity of fluctuations depended on the BPA dose and on the type of the enteric plexus. Bisphenol A causes the increase in the number of neurons immunoreactive to the majority of substances studied. The only exception was VAChT‐positive neurons, the number of which was lower under the impact of BPA in the comparison with physiological conditions.Conclusions & InferencesEven low doses of BPA cause the changes in neurochemical characterization of the enteric neurons in the jejunum. These changes may be the first sign of subclinical BPA intoxication. The mechanisms of observed changes are probably connected with neurotoxic and/or pro‐inflammatory activity of BPA, but their exact mechanisms are not fully explained.
Climate warming and tree carbon use efficiency in a whole‐tree 13CO2 tracer study
Authors: Drake John E. , Furze Morgan E. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Carrillo Yolima , Barton Craig V. M. , Pendall Elise 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Autotrophic respiration is a major driver of the global C cycle and may contribute a positive climate warming feedback through increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The extent of this feedback depends on plants' ability to acclimate respiration to maintain a constant carbon use efficiency (CUE).

We quantified respiratory partitioning of gross primary production (GPP) and CUE of field‐grown trees in a long‐term warming experiment (+3°C). We delivered a 13C–CO2 pulse to whole tree crowns and chased that pulse in the respiration of leaves, whole crowns, roots, and soil. We also measured the isotopic composition of soil microbial biomass and the respiration rates of leaves and whole crowns.

We documented homeostatic respiratory acclimation of foliar and whole‐crown respiration rates; the trees adjusted to experimental warming such that leaf‐level respiration rates were not increased. Experimental warming had no detectable impact on respiratory partitioning or mean residence times. Of the 13C label acquired by the trees, aboveground respiration consumed 10%, belowground respiration consumed 40%, and the remaining 50% was retained.

Experimental warming of +3°C did not alter respiratory partitioning at the scale of entire trees, suggesting that complete acclimation of respiration to warming is likely to dampen a positive climate warming feedback.
Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Coast Onoriode , Shah Shahen , Ivakov Alexander , Gaju Oorbessy , Wilson Philippa B. , Posch Bradley C. , Bryant Callum J. , Negrini Anna Clarissa A. , Evans John R. , Condon Anthony G. , Silva‐Pérez Viridiana , Reynolds Matthew P. , Pogson Barry J. , Millar A. Harvey , Furbank Robert T. , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGreater availability of leaf dark respiration (Rdark) data could facilitate breeding efforts to raise crop yield and improve global carbon cycle modelling. However, the availability of Rdark data is limited because it is cumbersome, time consuming, or destructive to measure. We report a non‐destructive and high‐throughput method of estimating Rdark from leaf hyperspectral reflectance data that was derived from leaf Rdark measured by a destructive high‐throughput oxygen consumption technique. We generated a large dataset of leaf Rdark for wheat (1380 samples) from 90 genotypes, multiple growth stages, and growth conditions to generate models for Rdark. Leaf Rdark (per unit leaf area, fresh mass, dry mass or nitrogen, N) varied 7‐ to 15‐fold among individual plants, whereas traits known to scale with Rdark, leaf N, and leaf mass per area (LMA) only varied twofold to fivefold. Our models predicted leaf Rdark, N, and LMA with r2 values of 0.50–0.63, 0.91, and 0.75, respectively, and relative bias of 17–18% for Rdark and 7–12% for N and LMA. Our results suggest that hyperspectral model prediction of wheat leaf Rdark is largely independent of leaf N and LMA. Potential drivers of hyperspectral signatures of Rdark are discussed.
Green light‐emitting diode phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kuboi Toru , Kusaka Takashi , Okada Hitoshi , Arioka Makoto , Nii Kohichiroh , Takahashi Megumi , Yamato Satoshi , Sadamura Takaaki , Jinnai Wataru , Nakano Akiko , Itoh Susumu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe main photochemical pathway in phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the production and elimination (in bile or urine) of cyclobilirubin, which is a structural photoisomer of bilirubin, and which is most efficiently produced by green light. Green light‐emitting diode (LED) phototherapy, however, has not been evaluated in the clinical setting because it is not recommended in American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. We therefore compared the efficacy of green LED phototherapy and blue LED phototherapy in patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.MethodsIn this prospective randomized controlled trial, neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were randomly allocated to a green LED or blue LED phototherapy group. Both groups underwent 24 h of phototherapy, and blood was sampled before and after 24 h of phototherapy. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured using enzymatic methods and bilirubin photoisomers were measured on high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThirty‐four infants were randomized (green, n = 16; blue, n = 18). TSB decreased significantly from 15.3 ± 1.5 to 13.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the green LED group (P < 0.01) and from 16.2 ± 1.3 to 14.5 ± 1.7 mg/dL in the blue LED group (P < 0.01) after 24 h of phototherapy. No significant difference was found in TSB reduction after phototherapy between the groups.ConclusionsBoth light sources produced a significant reduction in TSB, indicating clinical effectiveness.
Modeling of variables related to problematic social media usage: Social desirability tendency example
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice , Seferoğlu Süleyman Sadi 
Published: March 2019

Social media usage has been popular for the last decade. Individuals use their social media environments for various reasons such as to socialize, play games, have fun and share posts. Overuse of these environments may lead to negative psychological and behavioral consequences for individuals. Additionally, it increases the worries about potential addicted/problematic use of social media. In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of problematic social media usage of participants who are active social media users and to analyze the relationships between problematic social media usage and various personal characteristics and social variables. Study in relational screening model is carried out with the participation of 580 volunteers. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data obtained through various scale according to the research model. The structural equation modeling analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between problematic social media usage and the daily time of social media usage, the use of frequency of social media for recognition, publicity, communication/interaction and education, loneliness, and social anxiety. The variable which shows higher correlation between problematic social media usage is social anxiety.
Haematological quality and age of donor blood issued for paediatric transfusion to four hospitals in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Uyoga Sophie , Mpoya Ayub , Olupot‐Olupot Peter , Kiguli Sarah , Opoka Robert O. , Engoru Charles , Mallewa Macpherson , Kennedy Neil , M'baya Bridon , Kyeyune Dorothy , Wabwire Benjamin , Bates Imelda , Gibb Diana M. , Walker Ann Sarah , George Elizabeth C. , Williams Thomas N. , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesPaediatric blood transfusion for severe anaemia in hospitals in sub‐Saharan Africa remains common. Yet, reports describing the haematological quality of donor blood or storage duration in routine practice are very limited. Both factors are likely to affect transfusion outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe undertook three audits examining the distribution of pack types, haematological quality and storage duration of donor blood used in a paediatric clinical trial of blood at four hospitals in Africa (Uganda and Malawi).ResultsThe overall distribution of whole blood, packed cells (plasma‐reduced by centrifugation) and red cell concentrates (RCC) (plasma‐reduced by gravity‐dependent sedimentation) used in a randomised trial was 40·7% (N = 1215), 22·4% (N = 669) and 36·8% (N = 1099), respectively. The first audit found similar median haematocrits of 57·0% (50·0,74·0), 64·0% (52·0,72·5; P = 0·238 vs. whole blood) and 56·0% (48·0,67·0; P = 0·462) in whole blood, RCC and packed cells, respectively, which resulted from unclear pack labelling by blood transfusion services (BTS). Re‐training of the BTS, hospital blood banks and clinical teams led to, in subsequent audits, significant differences in median haematocrit and haemoglobins across the three pack types and values within expected ranges. Median storage duration time was 12 days (IQR: 6, 19) with 18·2% (537/2964) over 21 days in storage. Initially, 9 (2·8%) packs were issued past the recommended duration of storage, dropping to 0·3% (N = 7) in the third audit post‐training.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of close interactions and education between BTS and clinical services and the importance of haemovigilance to ensure safe transfusion practice.
Predicting On-Ice Skating Using Laboratory- and Field-Based Assessments in College Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Delisle-Houde Patrick , Chiarlitti Nathan A. , Reid Ryan E.R. , Andersen Ross E. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To determine the predictability of common laboratory/field and novel laboratory tests for skating characteristics in Canadian college ice hockey players. Methods: A total of 18 male hockey players from the university’s varsity hockey team age 20–25 y (height 180.7 [6.4] cm, weight 87.1 [6.7] kg, and body fat 16.2% [4.0%]) completed common laboratory-/field-based testing (ie, standing long jump, vertical jump, off-ice proagility, , Wingate), novel laboratory-based testing (ie, Biodex dynamometer, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), and on-ice testing (ie, 30-m forward sprint, 30-m backward sprint, on-ice proagility). Results: Pearson correlations and stepwise regression revealed relationships between on-ice forward sprint and 4 off-ice tests (Wingate relative peak power [r = −.62, P < .01], standing long jump [r = −.45, P < .05], off-ice proagility left [r = .51, P < .05], and vertical jump impulse [r = .60, P < .01]). On-ice proagility left was correlated with off-ice proagility left (r = .47, P < .05), Wingate relative peak power (r = −.55, P < .01), and vertical jump impulse (r = −.53, P < .05). The 30-m backward skating test and the on-ice proagility right were not correlated with any off-ice test. Conclusion: Commonly used laboratory/field tests are effective in predicting 2 important primary abilities in ice hockey.
Interday Reliability and Usefulness of a Reactive Strength Index Derived From 2 Maximal Rebound Jump Tests
Authors: Comyns Thomas M. , Flanagan Eamonn P. , Fleming Sean , Fitzgerald Evan , Harper Damian J. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To examine the interday reliability and usefulness of a reactive strength index (RSI) derived from a maximal 5-rebound jump test (5max RJT) and a maximal 10-rebound jump test (10/5 RJT). Methods: Twenty male field-sport athletes (24.5 [3.0] y, 1.78 [0.1] m, 84.9 [5.2] kg) and 15 female participants (21.1 [0.9] y, 1.65 [0.73] m, 62.0 [5.1] kg) performed 2 maximal repetitions of the 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT on 2 testing days after a specific warm-up. A 1-wk period separated testing days, and these sessions were preceded by a familiarization session. RSI was calculated by dividing jump height (in meters) by contact time (in seconds). The 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT trial with the highest RSI on each testing day were used for reliability and usefulness analysis. Results: Both tests were deemed reliable for determining RSI for male, female, and pooled male and female cohorts, as the intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥.80 and the coefficient of variation was ≤10%. Only the 5max RJT was rated as “good” at detecting the smallest worthwhile change in performance for female athletes (smallest worthwhile change: 0.10 > typical error: 0.07). The 5max RJT for men and the 10/5 RJT for men and women were rated “good” in detecting a moderate change in performance only. Conclusions: Both tests are reliable for the determination of RSI, but the usefulness of the tests in detecting the smallest worthwhile change is questionable.
Relating knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic use to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage: results of a cross-sectional community survey
Authors: Mo Yin , Seah Ivan , Lye Pei Shi Priscillia , Kee Xiang Lee Jamie , Wong Kien Yee Michael , Ko Kwan Ki Karrie , Ong Rick Twee-Hee , Tambyah Paul A , Cook Alex R 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo study the correlation between knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of antibiotic consumption with epidemiology and molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) carriage, in order to identify modifiable factors and public health interventions to reduce prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonisation in the community.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire of KAP towards antibiotic use and collection of stool samples or rectal swabs. ESBL-PE isolates obtained underwent whole genome sequencing to identify resistance genes.SettingA densely populated community in Singapore.ParticipantsThere were 693 healthy community-dwelling questionnaire respondents. Out of which, 305 provided stool samples or rectal swabs.ResultsThe overall knowledge of antibiotic use was poor (mean score 4.6/10, IQR 3.0–6.0). 80 participants (80/305, 26.2%) carried at least one ESBL-PE isolate. The most common ESBL-PE wasEscherichia colisequence type 131 carrying CTX-M type beta-lactamases (11/71, 15.5%). Living overseas for >1 year (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.9) but not short-term travel, recent hospitalisation or antibiotic intake was associated with ESBL-PE carriage. Interestingly, higher knowledge scores (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.9) and having no leftover antibiotics (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.9) were independent factors associated with ESBL-PE carriage in the multivariate logistic regression model.ConclusionsWhile the role of trans-border transmission of antimicrobial resistance is well known, we may have to examine the current recommendation that all antibiotics courses have to be completed. Clinical trials to determine the optimum duration of treatment for common infections are critically important.
Effects of home-based cardiac exercise rehabilitation with remote electrocardiogram monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Jiahui , Yang Peng , Fu Dongliang , Ye Xiaojun , Zhang Lifang , Chen Gang , Yang Yiyun , Luo He , Chen Li , Shao Mingjing , Li Chunyan , Liu Yi , Zhou Ying , Jiang Hong , Li Xianlun 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPatients with chronic heart failure (CHF) can benefit from exercise rehabilitation (ER) with significant improvements in exercise capacity, quality of life and reduction in hospitalisations. Despite its reported benefits, only a small number of patients with CHF attend ER due to poor adherence, and improper exercise may even lead to adverse events. Remote ECG monitoring system (REMS) has the potential to overcome these obstacles. We hypothesise that home-based cardiac ER using REMS in CHF patients is effective compared with conventional ER without monitoring.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, randomised, parallel controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of home-based phase-II ER with REMS in the treatment of CHF with a target enrolment of 120 patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I to III). Patients are randomised to either REMS rehabilitation group or conventional rehabilitation group in a 1:1 ratio. All patients start an exercise training in a supervised setting and then transition to a home-based regimen. The supervised training phase consists of 12 supervised training sessions, three sessions per week for 4 weeks. During the home exercise phase, patients exercise five times per week for 8 weeks. In the REMS group, patients wear monitors during exercise to ensure that exercise intensity is within the set ranges. REMS will also detect risky arrhythmia and alert the patients and their doctors on time. The training intensity is not monitored in the conventional rehabilitation group. The primary outcome is exercise capacity improvement measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (baseline vs 3 m). Secondary outcomes include 6-min walk test, NYHA classes, echocardiographic parameters, cardiac biomarkers, major adverse cardiovascular events, quality of life, psychological well-being and patients’ adherence to the rehabilitation programme.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Ethics Committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital for Clinical Research (No. 2018–55 K39). The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR-RNR-17012446; Pre-results.