bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding dentists’ caries management: The COM‐B ICCMS™ questionnaire
Authors: Abreu‐Placeres Ninoska , Newton Johnathon Timothy , Pitts Nigel , Garrido Luis Eduardo , Ekstrand Kim R. , Avila Viviana , Martignon Stefania 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo design and validate a questionnaire to measure caries management based on the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior model (COM‐B) and the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™).MethodsA combination of Cariology and Psychology experts developed a 79‐item pool that measured the COM‐B components according to the ICCMS™ caries management recommended behaviours. After face and content validation and a pilot study, two samples of Colombian dentists participated: clinicians (n = 277) and clinical‐practice educators (n = 212).ResultsUsing parallel analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), the questionnaire was reduced to a 47‐item 5‐factor instrument that demonstrated good internal consistency and validity properties, including a robust factor structure, measurement invariance across samples and high predictive validity of ICCMS™ recommended behaviours. Scales’ mean scores showed that dentists were conducting recommended behaviours “most‐of‐the‐time” (Behavior), showed high confidence in their ability to conduct these behaviours (Capability) and considered recommendations as highly relevant (Opportunity‐Relevance), while their appraisals of the available resources (Opportunity‐Resources) and remuneration (Motivation) were notably lower.ConclusionOverall, the findings highlight the practical utility of the COM‐B ICCMS™ Questionnaire in understanding the potential antecedent variables that may explain dentists’ behaviours related to caries diagnosis and management and in suggesting avenues for achieving a positive change in their behaviour.
Diagnosis of concomitant inducible laryngeal obstruction and asthma
Authors: Lee Joy W. , Tay Tunn Ren , Paddle Paul , Richards Amanda L. , Pointon Lisa , Voortman Miriam , Abramson Michael J. , Hoy Ryan , Hew Mark 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundInducible laryngeal obstruction, an induced, inappropriate narrowing of the larynx, leading to symptomatic upper airway obstruction, can coexist with asthma. Accurate classification has been challenging because of overlapping symptoms and the absence of sensitive diagnostic criteria for either condition.ObjectiveTo evaluate patients with concomitant clinical suspicion for inducible laryngeal obstruction and asthma. We used a multidisciplinary protocol incorporating objective diagnostic criteria to determine whether asthma, inducible laryngeal obstruction, both, or neither diagnosis was present.MethodsConsecutive patients were prospectively assessed by a laryngologist, speech pathologist and respiratory physician. Inducible laryngeal obstruction was diagnosed by visualizing paradoxical vocal fold motion either at baseline or following mannitol provocation. Asthma was diagnosed by physician assessment with objective variable airflow obstruction. Validated questionnaires for laryngeal dysfunction and relevant comorbidities were administered.ResultsOf 69 patients, 15 had asthma alone, 11 had inducible laryngeal obstruction alone and 14 had neither objectively demonstrated. Twenty‐nine patients had both diagnoses. In 19 patients, inducible laryngeal obstruction was only seen following provocation. Among patients with inducible laryngeal obstruction, chest tightness was more frequent with concurrent asthma. Among patients with asthma, stridor was more frequent with concurrent inducible laryngeal obstruction. Cough was more frequently found in asthma alone, whereas difficulty with inspiration and symptoms triggered by psychological stress were more frequently found in inducible laryngeal obstruction alone. Patients with asthma alone had greater airflow obstruction. Relevant comorbidities were frequent (rhinitis in 85%, gastro‐oesophageal reflux in 65%), and questionnaire scores for laryngeal dysfunction were abnormal. However, neither comorbidities nor questionnaires differentiated patients with or without inducible laryngeal obstruction.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn this cohort with suspected inducible laryngeal obstruction and asthma, 42% had objective evidence of both conditions. Clinical assessment, questionnaire scores and comorbidity burden were not sufficiently discriminatory for diagnosis, highlighting the necessity of objective diagnostic testing.
A landscape of conservation philanthropy for U.S. land trusts
Authors: Fovargue Rachel , Fisher Maria , Harris Jamal , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFinding ways to increase financial support is critical to conservation efforts. We used conservation fundraising data, unprecedented in their resolution, to reveal spatial patterns in philanthropic giving to a major land protection organization in the United States. We also quantified the relationship between the amount of effort devoted to fundraising and donations received. Around 40% of the variation in the propensity to give and overall value of gifts was explained by sociodemographic and other predictors. For example, education level had greater predictive capacity than income, political views, and other factors often considered important. Fundraising effort was strongly predictive of the amount donated in an area. Our model estimated a doubling of funds raised with a 5‐fold increase of effort. Conservation organizations could use our statistical framework to inform efforts aimed at increasing philanthropic giving by identifying locations with large model residuals. An example application of our framework showed an almost 40% increase (US$200 million) in fundraising revenue for the case‐study conservation organization.
Accepting hepatitis C virus–infected donor hearts for transplantation: Multistep consent, unrealized opportunity, and the Stanford experience
Authors: Moayedi Yasbanoo , Gulamhusein Aliya F. , Ross Heather J , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Khush Kiran K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current mismatch between supply and demand of organs has prompted transplant clinicians to consider innovative solutions to broaden the donor pool. Advancements of direct‐acting antiviral agent (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have allowed entertaining the use of viremic donor organs in nonviremic recipients. In this report, we describe the evolution of HCV treatment, ethics and informed consent, cost‐effectiveness of HCV medications in treating acute HCV post‐transplantation, and the Stanford experience with two HCV‐viremic donor heart transplantations. We describe excellent short‐term outcomes post–heart transplantation with HCV NAT‐positive organs. The availability of this therapy may expand the donor pool. While we await larger‐scale clinical data on the effectiveness and safety of DAA therapy in patients after heart transplantation, many transplant centers have already started accepting organs from HCV‐infected donors, balancing the unknown long‐term risks versus the benefits of shorter wait times and expansion of the donor pool. Protocols and multidisciplinary teams are needed to effectively communicate risk to potential recipients, to ensure timely DAA access, and to implement appropriate clinical follow‐up in order to achieve excellent clinical outcomes and to maximize the donor pool by utilizing HCV‐infected organs for heart transplantation.
Effect of mindfulness yoga programme MiYoga on attention, behaviour, and physical outcomes in cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mak Catherine , Whittingham Koa , Cunnington Ross , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: June 2018

AimTo investigate the efficacy of an embodied mindfulness‐based movement programme (MiYoga), targeting attention in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodTotal number of participants 42, with 24 boys (57.1%) and 18 girls (42.9%); mean age 9y 1mo, SD 3y; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I=22, II=12, III=8) and their parents were randomized to either MiYoga (n=21) or waitlist comparison (n=21) groups. The primary outcome was attention postintervention measured by the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, Second Edition (CCPT). Secondary outcomes included parent and child mindfulness, child quality of life, parental well‐being, child executive function, child behaviour, child physical measures, and the parent–child relationship.ResultsChildren in the MiYoga group demonstrated significantly better attention postintervention than the waitlist comparison group, with lower inattention scores on the hit reaction time standard error (F1,33=4.59, p=0.04, partial eta‐squared []=0.13) variable and fewer perseveration errors (F1,33=4.60, p=0.04, =0.13) on the CCPT. Intention‐to‐treat analysis also revealed that sustained attention in the MiYoga group was significantly better than in the waitlist comparison group postintervention (F1,37=5.97, p=0.02, =0.14). Parents in the MiYoga group demonstrated significantly decreased mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; F1,33=10.130, p=0.003, =0.246).InterpretationMiYoga offers a lifestyle intervention that improves attention in children with CP. MiYoga can be considered as an additional option to standard rehabilitation to enhance attention for children with CP.What this paper adds

MiYoga, an embodied mindfulness‐based movement programme, can enhance attention (more attentive and consistent performance) in children with cerebral palsy.

MiYoga had no significant effect on physical functioning.
Responsiveness of the ACTIVLIM‐CP questionnaire: measuring global activity performance in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paradis Julie , Arnould Carlyne , Thonnard Jean‐Louis , Houx Laëtitia , Pons‐Becmeur Christelle , Renders Anne , Brochard Sylvain , Bleyenheuft Yannick 
Published: June 2018

AimTo investigate the responsiveness of the ACTIVLIM‐CP questionnaire after two evidence‐based interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSeventy‐five children with CP either participated in an intensive motor‐skill learning intervention (hand–arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities [HABIT‐ILE], n=47) or received botulinum neurotoxin‐A (BoNT‐A) injection(s) into lower extremities combined with conventional physical therapy (n=28). All children were assessed three times: at baseline (T0; before HABIT‐ILE/the day of BoNT‐A injection), at T1 (last day of HABIT‐ILE/6wks after BoNT‐A injection), and at follow‐up (T2; 3–4mo after the beginning of intervention). Parents completed ACTIVLIM‐CP and three other activity questionnaires. Responsiveness was analysed using group (based on intervention), subgroup (based on gross motor function level), and individual approaches.ResultsFor the HABIT‐ILE group, significant improvements in ACTIVLIM‐CP were observed for the T0–T1 period (p<0.001) but not for the T1–T2 period. No significant changes were found in the BoNT‐A group during assessments (p=0.84). In the subgroup analysis for the HABIT‐ILE group (T0–T1), greater changes were demonstrated for children in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III and IV (p<0.001, effect size=1.36). The individual approach was congruent with the group approach.InterpretationACTIVLIM‐CP demonstrated high responsiveness after HABIT‐ILE, showing that this scale may be used to investigate global activity performance in clinical trials focusing on improving daily life activities.What this paper adds

Good responsiveness of ACTIVLIM‐CP questionnaire during intensive motor‐skill learning intervention.

Higher responsiveness for children in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III and IV versus I and II after intensive intervention.

ACTIVLIM‐CP is useful to identify children improving their performance after botulinum neurotoxin‐A injection.
Comparing Culicoides biting rates in horses and cattle in The Netherlands: potential relevance to African horse sickness epidemiology
Authors: Elbers A.R.W. , Gonzales J.L. , Meiswinkel R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo determine relative host preference rates and to establish whether a pair of animals in close proximity (between–host interaction) modified Culicoides attack and abundance profiles, compared to those tethered in isolation (host independence), Culicoides midges were pooted hourly from two sets of experimental animals: (1) a heifer cow and Fjord horse tethered close together (5 m apart), and (2) a heifer and Fjord tethered in isolation (45 m apart). Over 12 days, 570 3‐min observations yielded 23 090 midges, representing 24 species. Approximately 95% belonged to the Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) complex (two species), Culicoides dewulfi Goetghebuer, Culicoides chiopterus (Meigen), Culicoides punctatus (Meigen), Culicoides pulicaris (L.), and Culicoides achrayi Kettle & Lawson (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) combined. There was no evidence for between‐host interaction. Mean Culicoides species‐specific attack rates did not differ between animal species, except that C. chiopterus was 7× more abundant on the legs of the heifer compared to the horse, and C. dewulfi twice as abundant on the upper half of the horse compared to the heifer. By contrast, mean species–specific biting rates of the C. obsoletus complex, C. chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. punctatus, and C. pulicaris midges were 5×, 100×, 1.7×, 2×, and 2.5× lower in the horses compared to the heifers, respectively. It is not clear why high Culicoides attack rates observed in the horses do not convert into high biting rates as seen in cattle; this should be a subject for future research. In light of its apparent predilection for equids, the ability of C. dewulfi to replicate African horse sickness virus (AHSV) extrinsically should be investigated in the laboratory.
Female nursery web spiders (Pisaurina mira) benefit from consuming their mate
Authors: Anderson Alissa G. , Hebets Eileen A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe often coincidental involvement of cooperation and conflict in animal reproduction is epitomized by sexual cannibalism, which can lead to obvious male costs while simultaneously providing direct benefits to developing offspring. Male nursery web spiders (Pisaurina mira) avoid postcopulatory sexual cannibalism by wrapping females with silk. Here, we test the hypothesis that this silk wrapping results in a loss of consumption cost for females. In specific, we hypothesize that females lose out on potential fitness benefits associated with cannibalizing their mating partners. To test this, we paired females with males that were experimentally manipulated to prevent the silk wrapping of females, thereby increasing the likelihood of sexual cannibalism. Females either did not kill their mate, and thus consumed nothing, or did kill their mate. If females killed their mating partner, we allowed them to consume the male, consume nothing, or consume a cricket. We found no effect of female or male body sizes on the likelihood of females killing their mate. While our treatments did not affect the number of offspring females produced, females that consumed either a male or a cricket produced egg sacs faster than females that consumed nothing, suggesting a benefit of increased postcopulatory food consumption. Further, only females that ate a male had heavier and longer lived offspring, suggesting a benefit of sexual cannibalism specifically. Our results support the hypothesis that females can receive fitness benefits associated with sexual cannibalism.
The oddity effect drives prey choice but not necessarily attack time
Authors: Penry‐Williams Iestyn L. , Ioannou Christos C. , Taylor Martin I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tendency of predators to preferentially attack phenotypically odd prey in groups (the oddity effect) is a clear example of how predator cognition can impact behaviour and morphology in prey. Through targeting phenotypically odd prey, predators are thought to avoid the cognitive constraints that delay and limit the success of attacks on homogenous prey groups (the confusion effect). In addition to influencing which prey a predator will attack, the confusion and oddity effects would also predict that attacks on odd prey can occur more rapidly than attacking the majority prey type, as odd prey are more easily targeted, but this prediction has yet to be tested. Here, we used kerri tetra fish, Inpaichthys kerri, presented with mixed phenotypic groups of Daphnia dyed red or black to investigate whether odd prey in groups are preferentially attacked and whether these attacks were faster than those on the majority prey type. In agreement with previous work, odd prey were targeted and attacked more often than expected from their frequency in the prey groups, regardless of whether the odd prey was red in a group of black prey or vice versa. However, no difference was found in the time taken to attack odd vs. majority prey items, contrary to our predictions. Our results suggest that the time taken to make an attack is determined by a wider range of factors or is subject to greater variance than the choice of which prey is selectively targeted in a group.
Group size, communication, and familiarity effects in foraging human teams
Authors: Oesch Nathan , Dunbar Robin I. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExploitation of food resources that are dispersed in time and space has been crucial to the evolutionary success of humans. Recent experimental work has shown that an absence of communication impairs decision‐making in a foraging task. Here, we found that individuals in larger teams were more likely to reach group consensus and were more accurate and efficient foragers. Individuals in larger teams were also more likely to gesture to one another, while levels of verbal exchange were not significantly different in small and large groups. At last, teams in which individuals reported that they knew one another and rated team members as helpful and information‐seeking were more accurate in their foraging. Overall, our findings offer experimental evidence that larger, communicating, familiar teams are quicker and more accurate foragers. We therefore suggest that complex communication within socially bonded relationships may have been important to the ecological success of the human lineage.
Effect of magnesium sulfate administration to improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes animal model: using the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp technique
Authors: Sohrabipour Shahla , Sharifi Mohammad Reza , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Talebi Ardeshir , Soltani Nepton 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study attempted to elucidate the possible mechanism of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration on reducing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into five groups:NDCwas fed the normal diet,CDreceived high‐fat diet with 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin,CD‐Mg animals received MgSO4via drinking water,CD‐Ins1, andCD‐Ins2 animals treated with low or high dose of insulin. Body weight and blood glucose levels were measured weekly. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), insulin tolerance test, and metabolic cage assessment were performed monthly. After 12 weeks, the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp was performed for all animals and blood sample was taken to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma insulin, glucagon, calcium, and magnesium levels. Liver and gastrocnemius muscle were isolated to measureglucagon receptor(GR),Glucose 6 phosphatase(G6Pase),Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(Pepck) andGlucose transporter 4(Glut4) genes expression andGLUT4 protein translocation into the cell membrane. Consuming of high‐fat diet generated insulin‐resistant rats. Magnesium or insulin therapy altered insulin resistance, blood glucose,IPGTT, gluconeogenesis pathway,GR, body weight, the percentage of body fat, and HbA1C in diabetic rats. Administrations of MgSO4or insulin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus animals increaseGLUT4gene and protein expression. Mg could improve glucose tolerance via stimulation ofGlut4gene expression and translocation and also suppression of the gluconeogenesis pathway andGRgene expression. Mg also increased glucose infusion rate and displayed beneficial effects in the treatment of glucose metabolism and improved insulin resistance.
Fine‐scale swimming movement and behaviour of female silver eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii, within a lake affected by hydro‐power generation
Authors: Jellyman D. J. , Unwin M. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLake Manapouri (South Island, New Zealand) maintains the country’s largest hydroelectric scheme (700 MW). During their seaward migration, silver eel Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray in this lake are attracted to the power station intake, as well as the natural outlet. To understand the behaviour of such eels, 210 female eels were tagged with acoustic transmitters between 2005 and 2010. Swimming speeds of tagged eels averaged 2.0 km/hr, and swimming depths were deeper during daytime than at night. Silver eels from sites upstream of Lake Manapouri tended to spend more time exploring Lake Manapouri than locally caught eels, and a higher proportion entered the power station intake. Almost 20% of tagged eels did not leave the lake during the year they were tagged. Eels typically showed extensive and complex patterns of movement before emigrating, including multiple passes across the power station intake or the natural outlet.
Cage fish culture in Lake Victoria: A boon or a disaster in waiting?
Authors: Njiru J. M. , Aura C. M. , Okechi J. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFish catches in Lake Victoria have been on the decline while demand for fish has been increasing. Cage culture with >3,000 cages, over 3 million tilapias and valued at US$ 12 million is trying to fill the gap. This study reviews the development of cages and the need to develop a decision support tool for effective management. Existing literature and data on fisheries and cage culture held by the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) were used in the analysis. Cage culture is a promising venture that may increase productivity, offer employment and enhance economic well‐being. However, site suitability for the installation of cages is poorly regulated with most developments (>45%) located within 200 m of the shoreline that are breeding grounds of fish and conflict with other lake users. Waste feed increases eutrophication, and enhances growth of algae and water hyacinth in the lake. Recent isolated fish kills were attributed to low dissolved oxygen concentrations (<0.64 mg/L), and an increasing occurrence of fish disease are signs of poor management practices among cage farmers. Cage culture may turn into an environmental disaster if not managed well, and there is need for robust policies and increased awareness to reduce environmental impacts.