bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 abnormalities localize the epileptogenic zone in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Lam Jack , DuBois Jonathan M. , Rowley Jared , González‐Otárula Karina A. , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Massarweh Gassan , Hall Jeffery A. , Guiot Marie‐Christine , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Kobayashi Eliane 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveSurgical specimens from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) show abnormalities in tissue concentrations of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5). To clarify whether these abnormalities are specific to the epileptogenic zone (EZ), we characterized in vivo whole‐brain mGluR5 availability in MTLE patients using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]ABP688, a radioligand that binds specifically to the mGluR5 allosteric site.MethodsThirty‐one unilateral MTLE patients and 30 healthy controls underwent [11C]ABP688 PET. We compared partial volume corrected [11C]ABP688 nondisplaceable binding potentials (BPND) between groups using region‐of‐interest and whole‐brain voxelwise analyses. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET was acquired in 15 patients, for whom we calculated asymmetry indices of [11C]ABP688 BPND and [18F]FDG uptake to compare lateralization and localization differences.Results[11C]ABP688 BPND was focally reduced in the epileptogenic hippocampal head and amygdala (p < 0.001). Patients with hippocampal atrophy showed more extensive abnormalities, including the ipsilateral temporal neocortex (p = 0.006). [11C]ABP688 BPND showed interhemispheric differences of higher magnitude and discriminated the epileptogenic structures more accurately when compared to [18F]FDG uptake, which showed more widespread hypometabolism. Among 23 of 25 operated patients with >1 year of follow‐up, 13 were seizure‐free (Engel Ia) and showed significantly lower [11C]ABP688 BPND in the ipsilateral entorhinal cortex.Interpretation[11C]ABP688 PET provides a focal biomarker for the EZ in MTLE with higher spatial accuracy compared to [18F]FDG PET. Focally reduced mGluR5 availability in the EZ might reflect receptor internalization or conformational changes in response to excessive extracellular glutamate, supporting a potential role for mGluR5 as therapeutic target in human MTLE. Ann Neurol 2019; 1–11 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:218–228.
Influence of laponite on the drug loading and release performance of LbL polyurethane/poly(acrylic acid) multilayers
Authors: Shi Haizhu , Zhang Rui , Feng Shun , Wang Jide 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA facile way to fabricate clay‐based multilayers was introduced. Compared to other works, poly(acrylic acid)–laponite nanocomposites (PAA‐Lap) were used as a membrane component instead of Lap alone. Coupled with water‐soluble polyurethane (PU), a series of PU/PAA‐Lap multilayer films were fabricated via layer‐by‐layer assembly containing different contents of Lap. The effect of clay content on the loading and release behavior of PU/PAA‐Lap multilayers was investigated in various pH solutions with cationic methylene blue as the indicator. It was found that the introduction of Lap can influence the charge density, swelling rate, and pH stability of the film. When the content of Lap in the film was increased to a certain degree, the main adsorption mechanism changed from chemical to physical adsorption, but the releasing mechanism had no change. We hope this method can be used as a model for the fabrication of clay‐based polymer drug delivery systems in low‐pH environments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47348.
Preparation and characterization of a novel environmentally friendly coal dust suppressant
Authors: Jin Hu , Nie Wen , Zhang Haihan , Liu Yanghao , Bao Qiu , Wang Hongkun , Huang Dongmei 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the dust dispersion pollution in the open‐pit coal mines, this study experimentally develops a novel environmentally friendly coal dust suppressant. The experiment uses naturally biodegradable soybean protein isolate (SPI) as the main material and utilizes anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to modify SPI. In the carboxymethylcellulose sodium and sodium silicate and other auxiliary agents, this process produces gives rise to the SDS‐SPI coal dust suppressant. Experimental characterization of the developed dust suppressant reveals that the viscosity of the 5% dust suppressant solution can reach 24.6 mPa s. Correspondingly, the compressive strength reaches 0.48 MPa, and the dust suppression efficiency can reach 93.47% with the presence of force 9 wind. Furthermore, this study uses Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the dust suppression mechanism of the developed dust suppressant. It is observed that a layer of compact hardened shell is formed at the surface of the coal powder treated with the newly developed dust suppressant. Also, there exists a strong cementing effect among dust particles, yielding a decent cementing performance. Therefore, the present dust suppressant can effectively suppress dust dispersion in the open‐pit coal mines, allowing a mitigation of the environmental pollution. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47354.
Effect of ethanol in the coagulation bath on the structure and performance of PVDF‐g‐PEGMA/PVDF membrane
Authors: Tang Yulan , Sun Jian , Li Shaofeng , Ran Zhilin , Xiang Yingxue 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis report investigated the effect of ethanol content in the coagulation bath on the surface composition, membrane pore size structure, pure water flux, and permeability of the amphiphilic polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐g‐poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA)‐modified PVDF membrane. The study found that pore size and their distribution and, as a result, membrane permeability, can also be easily controlled by adjusting ethanol content in the coagulation bath. Membrane water fluxes formed by the coagulation baths with 0, 10, 20, and 30% of ethanol were 1843.65, 2774.61, 4391.88, and 5142.35 L (m−2·h−1). When the content of ethanol in the coagulation bath is high, the surface enrichment of PEGMA slightly decreases, and the surface becomes rougher. Thus, the decrease of the hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the membrane and the increase of the roughness leads to the deterioration of the hydrophilicity of the membranes surface. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47380.
Structural changes during 3D printing of bioderived and synthetic thermoplastic materials
Authors: Pop Mihai Alin , Croitoru Cătălin , Bedő Tibor , Geamăn Virgil , Radomir Irinel , Cos,nit,ă Mihaela , Zaharia Sebastian Marian , Chicos, Lucia Antoaneta , Milos,an Ioan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) printing processes are nowadays leading the charge in transforming traditional art, engineering, and manufacturing processes. In this study, the structural and thermal behavior of commercially available filaments composed of synthetic poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) thermoplastic as well as poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/polyhydroxyalcanoate reinforced with bamboo (Bambusa sp.) wood flour composite biothermoplastics were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, aiming to understand the modifications that occur at the molecular level during their 3D printing. It has been determined that the biothermoplastic materials undergo both molecular reorientations related to tacticity increase and crystallinity decrease when submitted to 3D printing extrusion, while the synthetic thermoplastic undergoes crosslinking due to its butadiene component. All of the studied materials present good water stability (with water uptake values between 0.8% and 24%), and the water absorption follows a pseudo‐Fickian mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019.
Effect of spent sulfite liquor on urea–formaldehyde resin performance
Authors: Ferreira Ana Maria , Pereira João , Almeida Margarida , Ferra João , Paiva Nádia , Martins Jorge , Carvalho Luísa H. , Magalhães Fernão D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTCombination of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins with technical lignins has been often reported in the literature. However, the actual implications of this approach have not been effectively addressed yet. In this work, unmodified thick spent sulfite liquor (TSSL) and hydroxymethylated TSSL (TSSLH) were incorporated in a standard UF resin in different amounts (10 and 20%) and at different stages. When 10% of TSSLH was incorporated after the synthesis, the produced particleboards performed equivalently to when 90% of UF resin was used. In all other cases tested, combining UF resin with TSSL/TSSLH actually led to lower internal bond strengths. The results evidence that addition of TSSL or TSSLH does not have a beneficial effect on UF bonding performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47389.
Rapid synthesis of high strength cellulose–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) biocompatible composite films via microwave crosslinking
Authors: Sonker Amit Kumar , Rathore Kalpana , Teotia Arun Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Verma Vivek 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study describes microwave (MW)‐assisted rapid synthesis of biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films that demonstrate synergy between reinforcement and crosslinking. Bacterial cellulose (5% w/w) nanowhiskers (reinforcement) and tartaric acid 35% (w/w) (crosslinker) are incorporated in PVA to prepare crosslinked cellulose–PVA composite films. The properties of thus prepared crosslinked cellulose–PVA composite films are compared with samples crosslinked with conventional hot air oven heating (CH). Crosslinking by both of the methods reduces water absorption of PVA by around an order of magnitude and improves its thermal stability. An increase in strength from 42 (PVA) to 172 MPa and 159 MPa for MW and CH crosslinked samples, respectively is also observed. Although composites prepared using MW and CH show similar properties, MW takes only 14 min compared to 2 h in case of CH. Notably, the prepared composites demonstrate hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, and may also be explored for biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47393.
Reactive cyclic phosphonamide flame retardant for epoxy resins
Authors: Li Zhun , Liu Chuanchuan , Cao Weihong , Yao Qiang 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTo take the advantage of reactivity of five‐membered cyclic phosphorus compounds, 1,2,3‐tri‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidine‐2‐oxide (TPDPO) was explored as a reactive flame retardant for epoxy resins (EPs). Through model compounds, it has been established that TPDPO selectively reacts with the secondary hydroxyl group and is inert toward both aryl amino groups and epoxide groups. The result of Soxhlet extraction supports that TPDPO is permanently bonded to the cured EPs. At a loading of only 8 wt % (0.74 wt % phosphorus), TPDPO enables the cured epoxy to achieve a UL‐94 V0 rating. The thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared analyses of the gaseous products suggest that the excellent flame retardancy of EP–TPDPO is partly due to the enhanced dehydration process of the epoxy. Also an increased char yield and the formation of a coherent char layer contribute to the good fire performance of EP–TPDPO. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47411.
TPU/PLA blend foams: Enhanced foamability, structural stability, and implications for shape memory foams
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Faisal , Li Yan , Yao Zhen , Cao Kun , Zeng Changchun 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA series of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends are studied in terms of morphological, thermal, and rheological properties by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheometry. Using supercritical CO2 batch foaming, the foamability of the blends is systematically investigated. It is found that the 80/20 (wt %/wt %) TPU/PLA blend (TPU80%) shows vastly enhanced foamability over a wide range of foaming conditions to produce foams with a myriad of cellular morphology. The foamability enhancement results from the improved cell nucleation and growth, and the changes in the polymer microstructure. Compared to elastic TPU foams, the TPU80% retain their shapes 3.4 times better. Mechanism for the enhanced stability is proposed and verified using Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts model. The materials developed in the study and the mechanistic understanding of the shape fixation process may facilitate the advancement of elastomeric foams in conventional use as well as in novel shape memory applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47416.
Novel hydrophilic N‐halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization
Authors: Wang Xiao , Hao Xiufeng , Chang Dan , Zhu Chongyi , Chen Lili , Dong Alideertu , Gao Ge 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
N‐halamine‐based antibacterial agents have high efficiency and rechargeable antibacterial properties. However, their applications are limited due to their complex synthetic process and fuzzy antibacterial mechanism. In this study, a novel N‐halamine antibacterial polymer was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the difficulty of purification, most of the subjects studied previously were hydrophobic polymers, while little research on hydrophilic polymers. In this experiment, this difficulty was overcome by controlling the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and methods of dialysis. Because of the complex cell structure of Gram‐negative bacteria, it is difficult for N‐halamines to release the oxidizing chlorine into the cell. However, the hydrophilic N‐halamines can solve this problem, which showed a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram‐negative Escherichia coli synthesized in this study. In addition, the particle size and hydrophilic property of the polymer were changed by changing the amount of initiator, and the differences in their antibacterial properties were studied. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47419.
Preparation and structure of rare earth/thermoplastic polyurethane fiber for X‐ray shielding
Authors: Lou Pengfei , Teng Xiaobo , Jia Qingxiu , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Liqun 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTRare earth/polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers were prepared by melting spinning with different mass ratios of PP to TPU. Then the rare earth/TPU shielding fiber was obtained by removing the PP matrix phase from the blend fiber using xylene. The fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Short fibers were compression‐molded for the test of lead equivalent. The results showed that the lead equivalent of the rare earth/TPU composite fibers was 0.19 mmPb when the mass ratio of PP/TPU increased to 60/40. At this mass ratio, the X‐ray shielding performance of the fiber was the best. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47435.
Production of a novel N‐terminal PEGylated crisantaspase
Authors: Torres‐Obreque Karin , Meneguetti Giovanna Pastore , Custódio Débora , Monteiro Gisele , Pessoa‐Junior Adalberto , de Oliveira Rangel‐Yagui Carlota 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCrisantaspase is an asparaginase enzyme produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi and used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in case of hypersensitivity to Escherichia coli l‐asparaginase (ASNase). The main disadvantages of crisantaspase are the short half‐life (10 H) and immunogenicity. In this sense, its PEGylated form (PEG‐crisantaspase) could not only reduce immunogenicity but also improve plasma half‐life. In this work, we developed a process to obtain a site‐specific N‐terminal PEGylated crisantaspase (PEG‐crisantaspase). Crisantaspase was recombinantly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain cultivated in a shaker and in a 2‐L bioreactor. Volumetric productivity in bioreactor increased 37% compared to shaker conditions (460 and 335 U L−1 H−1, respectively). Crisantaspase was extracted by osmotic shock and purified by cation exchange chromatography, presenting specific activity of 694 U mg−1, 21.7 purification fold, and yield of 69%. Purified crisantaspase was PEGylated with 10 kDa methoxy polyethylene glycol‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl (mPEG‐NHS) at different pH values (6.5–9.0). The highest N‐terminal pegylation yield (50%) was at pH 7.5 with the lowest poly‐PEGylation ratio (7%). PEG‐crisantaspase was purified by size exclusion chromatography and presented a KM value three times higher than crisantaspase (150 and 48.5 µM, respectively). Nonetheless, PEG‐crisantaspase was found to be more stable at high temperatures and over longer periods of time. In 2 weeks, crisantaspase lost 93% of its specific activity, whereas PEG‐crisantaspase was stable for 20 days. Therefore, the novel PEG‐crisantaspase enzyme represents a promising biobetter alternative for the treatment of ALL.
A bioeconomy perspective for natural sweetener Stevia
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Pecoraino Mario , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ‘sweet herb’ (El Caa‐ehe), used by the Guaraní tribes living in the forests of today's eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil, is rapidly emerging as a natural sweetener that is an alternative both to sugar and synthetic sweeteners, well beyond Japan where it has been widely used since the mid‐1970s. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni contains very sweet steviol glycosides in its leaves, which do not add calories and do not cause an increase in blood sugar levels. The glycoside that is most abundant in the leaves, stevioside, has high reactive oxygen species quenching activity and several properties that are beneficial to health. Rapid advances in green chemistry technology allow the production of stevia extracts that are devoid of any liquorice‐like after taste. Their high chemical and physical stability enables them to be used in baked and beverage food products and this supports the large‐scale use of stevia as a natural sweetener. Addressing bioeconomic aspects ranging from production to product formulation, this study identifies the last obstacles prior to general adoption of S. rebadudiana as a sweetener that is beneficial for health. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sensitive determination of monoamine neurotransmitters, their main metabolites and precursor amino acids in different mouse brain components by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry after selective sample clean‐up
Authors: Sørensen Lambert K. , Johannsen Mogens 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor the assessment of diets and supplements formulated for the treatment of phenylketonuria, a highly sensitive and selective method was developed and validated for the quantification of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in mouse cerebellum, brain stem, hypothalamus, parietal cortex, anterior piriform cortex and bulbus olfactorius. Samples were extracted by deproteinization with acetonitrile, and the extracts were cleaned up by strong anion exchange and weak cation exchange applied sequentially. The substances were detected by rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix components were largely removed by the clean‐up, resulting in low matrix effects. The lower limits of quantification for an extracted tissue mass of 100 mg were 0.3, 0.3, 0.2 and 2 ng/g for DA, 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA and DOPAC, respectively. The mean true extraction recoveries were 80–102%. The relative intra‐laboratory reproducibility standard deviations were generally <11% at concentrations of 20–1000 ng/g for DA, 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA and DOPAC and 7% at concentrations of 5–50 μg/g for the amino acids. This method was successfully used in a phenylketonuria mice study including nearly 300 brain tissue samples and for small sample masses (for example, 2 mg of bulbus olfactorius).
Identification of the absorbed components and their metabolites of Tianma‐Gouteng granule in rat plasma and bile using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Duan Shaorong , Wang Lu , Liu Jing , Qi Wen , Yuan Dan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTianma‐Gouteng granule (TGG), a Chinese herbal formula preparation, is clinically used for the treatment of cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, cerebral ischaemia, acute ischaemic stroke and Parkinson's disease. Although few reports have been published concerning the absorbed prototype components of TGG, the possible metabolic pathways of TGG in vivo remain largely unclear. In this study, a method using UPLC–Q/TOF MS was established for the detection and identification of the absorbed prototype components and related metabolites in rat plasma and bile after oral administration of TGG at high and normal clinical dosages. A total of 68 components were identified or tentatively identified in plasma and bile samples, including absorbed prototypes and their metabolites. The major absorbed components were gastrodin, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, geissoschizine methyl ether baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, geniposidic acid, leonurine, 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside and emodin. The main metabolic pathways of these components involved phase I (isomerization, hydrolysis and reduction) and phase II (glucuronidation and sulfation) reaction, and the phase II biotransformation pathway was predominant. The present study provides rich information on the in vivo absorption and metabolism of TGG, and the results will be helpful for further studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TGG.
Activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway during HCG‐induced VEGF expression in luteal cells
Authors: Zhang Zhenghong , Huang Yuxiu , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Zhaoyuan , Lin Qingqiang , Wang Zhengchao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an essential role in luteal angiogenesis, the present study therefore utilized luteal cells cultured in vitro to further investigate the activation and contribution of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB to VEGF expression induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The present results showed HCG induced VEGF expression as well as hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α mRNA and protein expressions, which was blocked by NF‐κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Further analysis found that these increases of VEGF and HIF‐1α mRNA induced by HCG were also blocked by NF‐κB siRNA transfection, which was consistent with PDTC treatment. However, HIF‐1α siRNA treatment significantly decreased HCG induced‐VEGF expression with no effect on NF‐κB mRNA expression. Furthermore, combination of HIF‐1α siRNA and PDTC treatment did not further decrease VEGF mRNA expression, and the result of chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated NF‐κB may regulate HIF‐1α transcription through binding with its promoter. Taken together, the present results clearly demonstrated that NF‐κB was activated to regulate VEGF expression by increasing HIF‐1α transcription in luteal cells treated with HCG. Therefore, the present study provided a new and important mechanism of luteal angiogenesis during the formation of corpus luteum in mammals.