bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealumination of ZSM-5 as catalyst to convert glycerol to glycerol monostearate
Authors: Anggoro D D , Sasongko S B , Buchori L , Sulistyani K C , Oktavijaya A , Oktavianty H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to improve the acidity of the ZSM-5 catalyst as a catalyst that can produce the highest yield of glycerol monostearate from conversion of glycerol to glycerol monostearate. This study consisted of three stages: dealumination ZSM-5 Zeolite using H2SO4, catalyst characterization using ammonia absorption for acidity analysis and pyridine analysis for basicity catalyst, and GC-MS for Glycerol Monostearate molecular weight and purity analysis. Zeolite was dealuminated and then dried at a temperature of 110°C for 1 hour, then calcined at a temperature of 550°C for 4 hours. The dealumination variables used are acid concentration, temperature and time of dealumination. The test results obtained the optimum condition to produce the highest total acidity and the highest surface acidity at 7M of acid concentration, temperature of 60°C, and 2 hours of dealumination time. The optimum conditions of the dealumination variables to produce monoglycerides as product respectively, 3.5-6.5 M of acid concentration, temperature of dealumination at 40-60°C and 0.85-2 hours of dealumination time. This study also found other product namely glycerin, with high % yield on two catalyst samples which have the lowest total acidity.
Improving preparation method of TiO2-NiO composite materials for self-cleaning glass
Authors: Farichah I , Wahyuningsih S , Ramelan A H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
TiO2-NiO Composite have been synthesized as self-cleaning material on glass. TiO2 was prepared using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) by sol gel method, while TiO2-NiO composite was prepared from TiO2 synthesized with additional Ni(NO3)2.6H2O precursor. TiO2 synthesized powder was added to Ni2+ concentrated solution in aquadest so it formed crystalline layer on TiO2 powder. Core shell composite of TiO2-NiO was obtained through the drying process at 110 °C and calcined at 700 °C. Identification and characterization of NiOTiO2 composite were carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluoresecence (XRF). XRD diffractograms show the appearance of TiO2 and NiO peaks. Another analysis with XRF showed that composition of TiO2-NiO composite are 2:1; 1:1 and 1:2 (w/w). The electronic spectrum from TiO2-NiO core shell result showed an increasing response in visible light so it can be applied as coating material in manufacturing technology of self cleaning glass.
Electrical Properties of Barium Titanate Doped Lanthanum (Ba1-xLaxTiO3) Fabricated Using Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Noviastuti M D , Iriani Y , Kusumandari K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Barium Titanate doped Lanthanum (Ba1-xLaxTiO3) with variations in the concentration of mole dopants Lanthanum (x) 0; 0.01; 0.02; 0.03; 0.04 and 0.05 by co-precipitation method. Bulk BaTiO3 and Ba1-xLaxTiO3 were sintered at 1400 °C for 4 hours. The influence of variations concentration mole dopants of Lanthanum was analyzed through microstructure and electrical properties. The results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the influence of variations concentration mole dopants of Lanthanum caused the diffraction angle to shift to the right. The influence of the variation concentration dopants mole of Lanthanum cause the dielectric constant to increase. The highest dielectric constant of 257.81 is obtained when the concentration of the La dopant mole is 5% (x=0.05) at a frequency of 40 kHz. The influence of Lanthanum dopant concentration variation on the morphology of the sample is that the more mole of dopant La added to BaTiO3 the smaller the size of the sample
The effect of holding time variation on the efficiency of DSSC TiO2 transparent with dye Ipomoea aquatica Forsk
Authors: Khairuddin  , Cari C. , Supriyanto A. , Septiawan T. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
TiO2 semiconductor material is commonly used as a working electrode in dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC). There are two types of TiO2 used, namely the form of nanopowder and transparent paste. In this study, the fabrication of DSSC has been successfully carried out using TiO2 with a transparent type of paste. DSSC fabrication was carried out by placing transparent TiO2 paste 18 NR-T using three variations of holding time in the heating process using furnace Carbolite 1100. Variations of holding time used were 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes at 500 °C. Natural dye that is used comes from Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. For DSSC characterization, I-V test was done using Keithley 2620A and absorbance test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Lambda 25. The results of the characterization obtained the highest efficiency 5.5 x 10-2%. While the absorbance test obtained absorption peaks in the wavelength range for each watercolor dye 400-440 nm and 640-680 nm.
Fabrication of Nano-Calcium Carbonate Precipitate by Ultrasonic Milling Technique using Ethylene Glycol Media
Authors: Sulistiyono E , Handayani M , Arwanda M R , Kusumaningsih T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Calcium Carbonate Precipitate is one of the filler ingredients which have the advantage of being neutral to all materials, light and harmless. Along with the widespread use of composite materials, it is necessary to develop smaller size nano calcium carbonate materials having nano-size properties that are superior to ordinary calcium carbonate precipitates. The purpose of this study is to obtain nano-carbonate precipitate materials with the particle size below 100 nm. In this study, the method used is starting from the preparation of calcium carbonate precipitate through a carbonation process, and then an ultrasonic milling process with ethylene glycol media is carried out. The process step is calcination, then the slaking process with water and then the carbonation process using carbon dioxide gas. Variables in the process of making calcium carbonate precipitates were not carried out, whereas in the ultrasonic milling process the variables in the process were ultrasonic time and the use of amplitude. The results of the experiment are then analysed by testing the sediment rate to obtain optimal grain size results, then the PSA Nano analysis in wet conditions and SEM analysis after the product is dried. The experimental results showed that the optimum yield of calcium carbonate precipitate granules with a size of 64 nm at 20 minutes of the ultrasonic time and the use of waves with an amplitude of 30%.
Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced-Based Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Handayani M , Ganta M , Darsono N , Sulistiyono E , Lestari F P. , Erryani A , Astawa I N G P , Lusiana  , S Azhari N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nanostructured carbons, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) arise much attraction in the last decades because of its remarkable physical and mechanical properties. The unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties of CNTs make them attractive for biomedical applications. CNTs have been used to modify conventional biomedical materials to enhance mechanical properties, biocompatibility, or to impart other functionalities. One of the metal materials which attract high attention in the biomedical field for orthopaedics application is Magnesium. Recently, many researchers are studying the magnesium reinforced with a different kind of reinforcement. As a lightest metal structure material, magnesium matrix composites show many advantages over monolithic magnesium and magnesium alloys. In this study, Magnesium metal matrix was reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in order to observe the physical and the mechanical properties of the composites. The MWCNTs-Reinforced based magnesium MMC was performed using powder metallurgy process with MWCNTs loading are: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 %. The temperature of the sintering process was conducted at 600°C by flowing argon gas during the process with the holding time of 2 hours. The experiment result exhibited that the porosity of MMC was increased with the reinforcement by the increasing of the loading MWCNTs observed by metallography and SEM. The mechanical properties showed that the loading of MWCNTs 0.1 % increased the micro-hardness of MMC about 19% compared to pure magnesium, with the peaks at the loading of MWCNTs 0.3 % which increased the mechanical properties about 0.31% at highest hardness value of 46.5 HV.
Effect of TiO2 Addition on Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of TeO2-ZnO-Na2O Glasses
Authors: Marzuki Ahmad , Ega Fausta Devara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of TiO2 addition on the physical and optical properties of TeO2-ZnO-Na2O glasses. For this study, glasses with the compositions of 63.16TeO2 - (31.57-x) ZnO – 5.26 Na2O – xTiO2 (where x = 1.06, 2.11, 3.16, and 4.22 mol%) were prepared with melt quenching technique. Glasses were characterized in order to obtained glass density, refractive index, and absorption spectra ranging from UV to IR regions. From these basic data, we have evaluated the values of molar volume, oxygen packed density, polaron radius, inter-ionic distance, field strength, and optical band gap. It was observed that incorporating TiO2 into the glasses to substitute ZnO have resulted in decreasing the values of density, inter-ionic distance, and field strength; and yet increasing molar volume, oxygen packed density and polaron radius. The structural units building the glass networks have also been evaluated.
Optimization Combination of Suweg Starch (Amorphophallus campanulatus Decne) and Gembili Starch (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) as Filler of Ibuprofen Tablet by Simplex Lattice Design Method
Authors: Ermawati D E , Hidayah N N , Rohmani S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tablet is pharmaceutical dosage form that simple and efficient in drug delivery system. Ibuprofen tablet is usually taken along with food or milk to reduce side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Starch of Suweg and Gembili are not yet widely developed as excipients in tablet formulation. Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems, ibuprofen includes in BCS class II with high permeability and low solubility. This study want to formulate ibuprofen tablets using combination of suweg and gembili starch with wet granulation method. However, the optimum proportion of starch composition is not yet known, so optimization is needed with the simplex lattice design method using Design Expert software. Obtained 8 formulas with physical response: granule flow time, tablet weight uniformity and disintegration time of tablets. The optimization shows that the optimum composition of suweg and gembili starch are 51.809%: 48.191%. The result of statistical analysis [t-test] physical parameters of granule and tablet of ibuprofen optimum formula were not significantly different (p-value > 0.05) with Design Expert prediction. Based on the requirements of Pharmacopeia Indonesia 4th Edition the results of optimum formula test provide good physical test with granule flow time 3.583±0.130 seconds; tablet weight uniformity 498.333±5.080 mg, hardness tablet 4.780±0.130 Kg, friability vvof tablets 0.904% and the disintegration time of tablets 6.833±0.750 minutes. The dissolution profile of the optimum formula showed %DE at 60 minutes is 76.975±0.037%. Consentration of ibuprofen in tablet is 191.755±5.847 mg and percentage of ibuprofen in tablet is 95.877±2.293%.
Optimization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Annona muricata L. leaves chloroform extract using VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) as an oil phase
Authors: Sulkhan A A R , Artanti A N , Ermawati D E , Prihapsara F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Annona muricata L. also called as soursop is one of medicinal plants that have a broad spectrum of biological activities and the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) have been shown to successfully induce death in cancer cell. However, the solubility of ACGs is poor, so modification of formula of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) can be used for improving drug solubility. This study was used Annona muricata L. leaf chloroform extract then optimized to formula of SNEDDS using D-Optimal mixture design (Design Expert 9 Trial software). Sixteen formulas from the software consisting of oil phase (VCO), surfactant (tween 80-cremophor EL), and co-surfactant (propylene glycol) were tested of loading dose extract and characterized for transmittance, emulsification time, and phase separation. One sample t-test was used for verification, then the optimum SNEDDS was evaluated against particle size, polidispersity index, zeta potential, and TLC test was used to predict the active ingredient in the extract. The optimum SNEDDS consisting of 22.00% oil : 60.79% surfactant : 17.21% co-surfactant showed desirability value 0.608 and can loaded 25 mg/g extract. The optimum SNEDDS showed 84.4% (SE ± 1.64) of transmittance; 14.79 seconds (SE ± 1.81) of emulsification time; and 0.898 (SE ± 0.01) of phase separation. The verification test showed no significant difference (p >0.05) between the observation and the prediction from the software. Evaluation results showed 42.73 nm (SE ± 0.49) of the particle size; polidispersity index 0.37 (SE ± 0.10); -27.43 mV (SE ± 0.26) of zeta potential, and TLC results showed similarity of active ingredient in the extract with the active compound of the fraction. Therefore, from these results suggest that the optimum SNEDDS achieved the nanoparticle size for SNEDDS formulation and may be improving drug solubility.
Influence of CMC-Na Concentration to Physical Properties of SNEDDS Kersen leaves Ethanolic Extract Gel
Authors: Ermawati D E , Wulandari C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) consist of flavonoid, saponin and tannin that has bacteriostatic activity to bacteria caused acnes such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this research the extract is loaded into SNEDDS [Self Nano Emulsifying Drugs Delivery System] in order to optimalize the absorbtion of active substances because of the lipophilic character of stratum corneum. SNEDDS then dispersed into hydrogel matrix in order to help aplication on skin. Kersen leaves extracted using ethanol 96 % by maceration method. SNEDDS formula compotition are candlenut oil, tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactan in ratio 1:6:1, that contained 30 mg extracts each system. The hydrogel matrix made with carbopol with variation concentrations: 0.06 %; 0.13 % and 0.19 %, then physical property test: organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, separation, adhesive and cycling test. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA to know the influence of variation of CMC-Na concentration. The results showed that SNEDDS Kersen leaves Ethanolic Extract with 0.06 % carbopol concentration indicated an optimum formula based on physical stability tests. Statistical analysis of the variation of carbopol concentration showed a significant difference on physical characteristics there are: viscosity, pH, homogeneity, and separation test.
Formulation and the release of eugenol from cream using glycerin base
Authors: Rohmani S , Miararani N , Yugatama A , Ermawati D E , Prihapsara F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eugenol consist of phenol, which have antibacterial effect. The aims of this research were to observed the characteristics of cream dosage form, eugenol released profile, and determined the effect of glycerin as water base through in vitro evaluation. Cream was made with glycerin as enhancer and water base. Various concentration of glycerin (10%, 15%, and 20%) were added to eugenol cream. Cream evaluation included organoleptic, homogenity, pH, stickiness, spreadability, viscosity, and eugenol released test from cream base of each formula. Drug released test was carried out eith Erweka Dissolution tester using apparatus 5 paddle overdisk. Phosphate buffer 7.4±0.05 was using as medium, with 32˚C and 200 rpm rotation. The resul showed that eugenol can be formulated into cream, because of the evaluation has met the reqruitments of test quality. Those quality were organoleptic, homogenitu, pH, stickiness, viscosity and spreading test. Concentration analysis of eugenol cream in glcerin various concentration were evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed that total concentration of eugenol in cream were 107.11%; 99.91%; 105.63%. The result of eugenol released test were 11.53%; 11.38%; 10.96%. Eugenol cream with 10% of glycerin concentration has the highest perfomance as enhancer and water base.
Purification of Cassiterite Mineral Bangka Indonesia by Pyrometallurgy and Hydrometallurgy Methods
Authors: Trisnawati E W , Andriyah L , Wahyuningsih S , Lalasari L H , Arini T , Firdiyono F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cassiterite mineral is producing mineral of tin. It is widely used in the manufacture of catalysts such as FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide) glass coatings or as a SnO2 pigment. Tin is usually used in energy and electronics sector. Cassiterite can be found on the islands of Bangka, Belitung, Kundur, Singkep, Karimun and Kampar. In Indonesia, cassiterite mixed with other minerals such as ilmenite, quartz sand, zircon, rutile, pyrite, calcite, lanthanum and monazite. Those mixtures able to give rise of problems if used as raw chemical materials in tin production. The purifying process of cassiterite is done by pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy methods. The XRF and XRD analysis of raw cassiterite show that the main components are Sn and O. The decomposition process is done by mixing cassiterite and kalium sulfate (K2SO4) with a ratio of 2:3. The leaching process is performed using KOH to dissolve SnO2 because the compound is soluble in a strong base. The optimum result is obtained at decomposition temperature 800 and time of 4 hours. The intermediate product kalium stannate (K2SnO3) is not formed because cassiterite has a structure which may cause some difficulties to react with the salt kalium sulfate (K2SO4).
A comparative study between the addition of NH4Cl and KCl in NaNO3 and NaF-based degassers in aluminum casting
Authors: Dhaneswara D , Fatriansyah J F , Basa A R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The quality of Al-Si casting product is important for its applications, however the molten aluminum has high solubility of H2 at melting temperature in the casting process, so the formation of gas porosity during aluminum solidification is inevitable. This can cause a major drawback to the mechanical properties. The most common method to remove hydrogen gases in the molten metal is degassing. In this experiment, a conventional degassing method using Sodium Nitrate-Sodium Fluoride based degasser is conducted. Al-Si12 was melted at 720 °C then the degasser was plunged into the furnace bottom and held for three minutes. The results show better mechanical properties by the addition of degasser. This is because the degasser binds H2 gases which is formed in the melting process. The mechanical properties between casting products that use NaF-NaNO3 degasser and NaF-NaNO3 with addition of NH4Cl or KCl were measured and compared. The lowest mechanical properties were obtained when using degasser without NH4Cl or KCl. This is because NH4Cl or KCl is reactive and helps with the efficiency of degasser.
One-pot solvothermal synthesis and characterization of UiO-66/HKUST-1 composites
Authors: Ediati R , Zulfa L L , Nugroho K A , Mukminin A , Sulistiono D O , Nadjib M , Kusumawati Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising crystalline materials for various application due to their controllable porous structure and large specific surface area. Their properties can be further improved by several means, such as making a binary MOF comprising of two different MOFs. In this research, UiO-66/HKUST-1 composites have been synthesized by solvothermal method, in which the UiO-66 was prepared at 120 °C for 24 h in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) prior to preparation of HKUST-1 at 100 °C for 10 h in solvent mixture of DMF, ethanol and water. Amounts of Zr2+ for the synthesis of UiO-66 added during the synthesis process were varied at 5, 10 and 20% toward the amount of Cu2+ for synthesis of HKUST-1. Diffractogram patterns of the obtained composites showed dominant characteristic peaks, similar to that reported for HKUST-1. Furthermore, FTIR spectra of all solids showed absorption bands at the same wavenumbers as reported for HKUST-1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed the spread of Zr metal evenly on the pore of composites.
Effect of citric acid on setting-time and compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Purnomo J , Sumarni S , Saputro I N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Citric acid is an organic acid naturally present in fruits, one of the ingredients that can be used as a retarder in a concrete mixture. As retarder serves to slow the timing of concrete hardening. In the implication the use of this material affects the time of hardening and compressive strength, therefore need a better control to get the optimal value. The test sample used was 36 with variation of addition of citric acid 0%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45% for the weight of cement. The results obtained the greater the addition of citric acid the longer the hardening of concrete and the greater workability of concrete. The maximum value of compressive strength of concrete is in the addition of 0.15% citric acid with an increase in compressive strength of 82.2% of the nominal concrete.
The Compressive Strength of Post-Fire Concrete Prepared with Bamboo Fiber
Authors: Nurhidayati A , Rahmawati A , Isnantyo F D , Putri C F R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify the compressive strength of the concrete post-fire with the addition of bamboo fiber length variation. This research used quantitative experimental method. The independent variables were bamboo fiber length variation (2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm by 1.5% proportion of cement weight, and the combustion temperature variation (200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C). The dependent variable was compressive strength of concrete. The result showed that the addition of bamboo fiber length variation and combustion temperature variation producing the maximum unit of concrete compressive strength was found in bamboo fiber with length of 2 cm and burned at 200 °C. The value decreased with the increase of combustion temperature. The length of 4 cm bamboo fiber produced the highest compressive strength with the maximum compressive strength 20.93 MPa.