bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifteen years of tillage and straw returning promotes soil structure and carbon sequestration under rice–rice–oilseed rape rotation in Central China
Authors: Zhang Yanke , Wang Kunkun , Wang Jinlong , Zhong Zijing , Ren Tao , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Lu Jianwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStraw returning and tillage measures are one of the key measures to improve soil structure and fertilize soil. Different rotation systems and tillage methods (no‐tillage or conventional tillage) affect the physical structure and the C sequestration efficiency of soil. Here, we examined the response of soil organic C stocks, soil C fractions and soil structure to straw returning and tillage management based on a 15‐year rice–rice–oilseed rape rotation. Our results indicated that the soil carbon stock reached C equivalent within 10 years with straw returning and 5–6 years without straw returning. No‐tillage improve the C sequestration efficiency only in the early stage. Soil organic C (SOC) fractions significantly increased after straw returning, that is, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 10.3%–21.4%, particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by 32.0%–44.2%, light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) increased by 37.9%–61.2%, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increased by 7.1%–12.1%. Except for LFOC, no significant difference was observed between no‐tillage and tillage for the other SOC fractions. Straw returning significantly improved the proportion of >2 mm aggregates (+40.0%) and the SOC content of >0.25 mm aggregates. Meanwhile, straw returning with conventional tillage (CTS) enhanced the SOC content of <0.25 mm aggregates. The soil structure became irregular (anisotropy increased by 115.0%), more complex (fractal dimension increased by 10.2%) and the number of soil pores increased by 108.5% after straw returning. LFOC and MBC played important roles in promoting the changes in the soil structure and the formation of macro‐aggregates. Overall, straw returning was more effective in increasing the SOC, the accumulation of macro‐aggregates, and the number of soil macropores, as well as improving the soil structure compared with tillage under the triple upland‐paddy rotation system.
Long‐term conservation tillage practices affect total carbon and contribute to the formation of soil aggregates in the semi‐arid North China Plain
Authors: Wu Hongliang , Timilsina Arbindra , Chen Suying , Li Xiaoxin , Zhang Yuming , Hu Chunsheng , Dong Wenxu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe soil aggregates characteristics and organic carbon (SOC) distribution under various tillage practices have been widely studied, but the changes in inorganic carbon (SIC) and their effect on soil aggregate formation are not clear. This study evaluated how long‐term tillage affects total carbon (both organic and inorganic) and contributes to forming aggregates in a fluvo‐aquic soil derived from limestone alluvial fans in the North China Plain. The four tillage practices that were used in a maize (Zea mays)/wheat (Triticum aestivum) double‐cropping system were moldboard plough without residues (CK), moldboard plough with residue retention (CT), rotary tillage with residue retention (RT) and no tillage with residue retention (NT). CT treatment, compared with NT treatment, decreased the SIC concentration at 0–300 mm and SOC concentration at 0–50 mm but increased the SOC concentration at 100–300 mm. Thus, there were no differences in the total carbon storage in the 0–300 mm layer because of the changes in SOC and SIC concentrations among four tillage practices. NT and RT practices increased the large macro‐aggregates (LM>2mm) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) only within the 0–50 mm layer, while the CT practice increased the LM>2mm and the MWD within the 100–250 mm layer. Correlation analysis revealed a significant link between LM>2mm and SOC, while small macroaggregates (SM0.25–2mm) were closely correlated with SIC. SOC and SIC had a relay cementation effect on the formation of large aggregates under long‐term tillage, and therefore, the effects of these two types of carbon should be comprehensively considered in the study of carbon sequestration and aggregate formation in calcareous soil.
Cutting the sap: First molecular phylogeny of twig‐girdler longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini) suggests shifts in host plant attack behaviours contributed to morphological evolution
Authors: Souza Diego de S. , French Rowan L. K. , Júnior José O. Silva , Nearns Eugenio H. , Marinoni Luciane , Swift Ian P. , Miller Kelly B. , Sperling Felix A. H. , Monné Marcela L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how novel adaptive traits arise, evolve and impact other aspects of an organism's phenotype is a foundational question in evolutionary biology. We explore this by focusing on Onciderini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), a tribe of longhorn beetles commonly referred to as twig girdlers because the females of some species girdle live trees to deposit their eggs. We reconstructed the first time‐calibrated phylogeny of the Onciderini, based on three genetic markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ‘cox1’, Wingless ‘Wg’ and carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase domain of the CAD locus ‘CPS’), and used morphometric data, employing multiple models of trait evolution and phylogenetic regressions, to assess whether girdling behaviour predicts head size or head size sexual dimorphism. Our results indicate that onciderines originated c. 49 million years ago ‘Ma’ (95% highest posterior densities ‘HPD’: 44.1–54.57 Ma) and consist of two major lineages, which we formalize as subtribes Hypsiomatina and Onciderina. Additionally, our analyses revealed several taxonomic inconsistencies within the tribe, which we rectify by proposing new synonymies, including Jamesia Jekel as a synonym of Hypselomus Perty, Cipriscola Dillon & Dillon of Hypsioma Audinet‐Serville and Psyllotoxus Thomson and Taricanus Thomson as a synonym of Oncideres Lacordaire, and a new combination for Periergates kenjii Nearns & Swift as Oncideres kenjii (Nearns & Swift) comb. nov. Using this new phylogenetic framework, we identified five independent unidirectional origins of girdling behaviour within the tribe. Overall, our results suggest that girdling influences head size evolution in Onciderini, as it is associated with an increase in both male and female head size of girdler species. Despite this, girdling and non‐girdling lineages do not consistently differ in head size sexual dimorphism. This study refines the classification of Onciderini and marks a significant step in understanding the evolutionary dynamics shaping the diversity of twig‐girdler beetles, a group with notable ecological and economic importance.
Quantitative Identification of Mixed Urban Functions: A Probabilistic Approach Based on Physical and Social Sensing Data
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kwan Mei‐Po , Yu Boting , Liu Yanjun , Song Liuyi , Chen Nengcheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a diversity identification method based on information fusion for quantitatively identifying mixed urban functional zones (UFZ), addressing the critical need for better city planning and management. This method integrates both social and physical sensing data, considering the frequency of urban functional occurrences and the intensity of human activity. Specifically, we extract “dynamic” human activity features from crowdsourced smart device data and “static” visual features from street view images. Based on the fused multi‐modal data, our method infers the large‐scale distribution of UFZs more accurately. We also create a standardized mixed UFZ dataset for model training and testing, which includes residential, commercial, public services, industrial, and ecological categories. In general, the method transforms the functional label recognition task into a probability distribution recognition task. It addresses complex land use distributions rather than simply assigning a single label to each zone. The result shows that our method could achieve a Cosine similarity of (0.542 ± 0.143), the lowest Chebyshev of (0.785 ± 0.043), and L1 distances of (0.264 ± 0.080), indicating more accurate and consistent predictions and closer match to true distributions.
Confronting the neoliberal challenge: Recognition, social freedom and depth realism
Authors: Agar Jolyon Charles 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores how Axel Honneth's critical theory, when adapted to a materialist depth realism, can be utilised as a critique of Fredrick Hayek's ‘neoliberalism’, an antipolitics influenced by Karl Popper's neo‐positivism. In response to the neoliberal challenge, it is proposed that Axel Honneth's theories of recognition, when grounded in anthropological (‘critical’) materialism, provides a robust defence of an irreducible social agency. When interpreted through this lens, recognition is one aspect of the system of human needs based on subject–subject interactions, the other being a subject–object interaction of humans with non‐human objects. By contrast, Honneth's more recent theory of social freedom relies on a Hegelian process of historical reconstruction and so remains vulnerable to the same epistemic errors that inform neoliberal attempts to universalise homo economicus, that is, of reducing reality to various ways in which it is conceptualised. In this regard, anthropological materialism must presuppose depth realism. The importance of this can be seen when the implications for Honneth's move towards a more orthodox Hegelianism in his more recent works are considered.
Molecular hydrogen positively influences root gravitropism involving auxin signaling and starch accumulation
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Liu Ziyu , Huang Huize , Li Longna , Xu Sheng , Shen Wenbiao 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYAlthough geoscience of natural hydrogen (H2), hydrogen‐producing soil bacteria, and especially plant‐based H2, has been observed, it is not clear whether or how above H2 resources influence root gravitropic responses. Here, pharmacological, genetic, molecular, and cell biological tools were applied to investigate how plant‐based H2 coordinates gravity responses in Arabidopsis roots. Since roots show higher H2 production than shoots, exogenous H2 supply was used to mimic this function. After H2 supplementation, the asymmetric expression of the auxin‐response reporter DR5 driven by auxin influx and efflux carriers, and thereafter positive root gravitropism were observed. These positive responses in root gravitropism were sensitive to auxin polar transport inhibitors, and importantly, the defective phenotypes observed in aux1‐7, pin1, and pin2 mutants were not significantly altered by exogenous H2. The observed starch accumulation was matched with the reprogramming gene expression linked to starch synthesis and degradation. Transgenic plants expressing hydrogenase1 (CrHYD1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii not only displayed higher endogenous H2 concentrations, the inducible AUX1 gene expression and starch accumulation, but also showed pronounced root gravitropism. Collectively, above evidence preliminarily provides a framework for understanding the molecular basis of the possible functions of both plant/soil‐based and nature H2 in root architecture.
Imagining post‐war futures amid cycles of destruction and efforts of reconstruction
Authors: Carr Constance , Kryvets Olga 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis commentary brings forward Ukrainian voices to this journal's conversation on the invasion of Ukraine and the dilemmas it poses to scholars in geography. We argue that there needs to be space in this discussion for the viewpoints of Ukrainians themselves who are on the ground, confronting the atrocities every day, and who can provide experiential knowledge about (i) the immediate cycles of destruction and efforts of reconstruction; (ii) the systemic impediments to reconstruction; and (iii) the diverse sets of post‐war imagined futures. These signpost to scholars the sheer scope of the conflict and the multitude of research avenues to explore in order to understand the realities of the war more deeply. They thus provide information and inspiration to geographers wondering about how to orient and where to respond.
Improving RBC inventory by optimizing preoperative ordering and eliminating crossmatch and hold
Authors: Virk Mrigender Singh , Cederlof Kathleen , Howard Emily , Panigrahi Anil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood product constraints have increased the focus on inventory management as blood banks have faced challenges that impact supply chains and donor availability. Solutions often include a reduction in transfusion volumes through multidisciplinary improvements, but this is often coupled with a reduction in blood bank inventory to match reduced demand. We sought to improve inventory availability within the blood bank without modification of transfusion rates through solutions that prevented unnecessary RBC orders and crossmatching.Study Design and MethodsImprovements were focused on reduction of duplicate orders, preoperative blood orders, excess volume of blood orders, and crossmatching in advance of perioperative needs. The study monitored the improvement of the crossmatch to transfusion ratio as the primary outcome and days of shelf life until expiration as a secondary outcome.ResultsThe CT ratio of RBCs decreased from 2.03 (16,044/7922) pre‐implementation to 1.67 (12,321/7375) post‐implementation (p < 0.05). Our inventory was managed more efficiently following our interventions as demonstrated through the day of shelf life of RBCs issued. Pre‐implementation, RBCs were issued an average of 17.5 days before expiration, which increased to 20.4 days post‐implementation (p < 0.05).ConclusionModification of preoperative order sets and education of clinical staff to ensure appropriate blood product ordering can significantly impact available inventory. Although this was also identified within our study, we found that the largest impact comes from a change in crossmatching workflow to reduce unnecessary reserving of RBCs. These changes can be implemented without significant impact to turnaround time.
The prevalence of murmurs and gallop sounds in anemic cats
Authors: Matson Hannah , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Humm Karen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information on the prevalence of auscultatory abnormalities in anemic cats. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of cardiac murmurs and gallop sounds in a population of anemic and nonanemic cats presenting to an emergency room (ER) and to assess whether the prevalence of auscultatory abnormalities was influenced by the severity of anemia.Key FindingsRecords of cats presenting to an ER between May 2021 and May 2022 or receiving a blood transfusion between September 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for presence of a murmur or gallop sound. Cats with known structural heart disease were excluded. A murmur was found in 56 of 185 (30%) anemic cats compared with 11 of 102 (11%) nonanemic cats (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion in cats with PCV <16% (p < 0.001). Twenty‐five of 185 (14%) anemic cats had a gallop compared with 4 of 102 (4%) nonanemic cats (p = 0.009), with the highest proportion in cats with PCV 11%–20% (p < 0.001). Echocardiography was performed on 17 of 185 anemic cats; 8 had normal echocardiograms and 9 demonstrated evidence of chamber dilation without left ventricular wall thickening, consistent with anemia.ConclusionsAbnormalities on auscultation are common in anemic cats presenting to the ER, with a higher prevalence in more severely anemic cats.
Comparison of intranasal atipamezole by atomization or drops with intramuscular injection for reversing sedative effects of medetomidine in healthy dogs
Authors: Jafarbeglou Majid , Marjani Mehdi , Oghbaei Mohammadreza , Paryani Mohammadreza , Bakhshi‐Khanghah Reza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine and compare the efficacy of intranasal (IN) atomization, IN drops, and IM injection of atipamezole for reversal of medetomidine‐induced sedation in healthy dogs.DesignProspective, randomized, blinded study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty mixed‐breed, shelter‐owned dogs with an average weight of 29.9 ± 5.6 kg (mean ± SD) that required sedation for minor diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.InterventionsAtipamezole was administered by a dog handler at 200 µg/kg via IN atomization (ATI‐INA, n = 10), IN drops (ATI‐IND, n = 10), or IM injection (ATI‐IM, n = 10) 20 minutes following medetomidine administration (40 µg/kg). A control group (n = 10) received no atipamezole.Measurements and Main ResultsEase of atipamezole administration was evaluated. Sedation score, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and blood pressure (BP) were recorded pre‐medetomidine administration (T0), pre‐atipamezole administration (T20), and at multiple intervals following atipamezole administration. ATI‐IM resulted in the fastest recovery, followed by ATI‐INA, with ATI‐IND being the slowest. The adverse cardiovascular impacts of medetomidine were not completely mitigated. ATI‐IM showed initial HR restoration followed by a decline. HR in both IN groups showed a slower increase compared to ATI‐IM, but no subsequent decline was observed. ATI‐IM resulted in a transient decrease in BP, though dogs remained normotensive. A gradual reduction in BP was noted in the IN groups. At T50, RR of all atipamezole groups differed from control, and a significant increase in RR was observed in ATI‐IM dogs compared to pre‐atipamezole value. No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsAll routes for atipamezole administration effectively reversed medetomidine‐induced sedation, with ATI‐IM being fastest. IN routes were easy for the dog handler to administer, making them viable alternatives in cases of accidental drug exposure, particularly outside a hospital setting.
An integrative species delimitation approach uncovers eriophyoid mite Diptilomiopus ligustri species complex (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea)
Authors: Gao Wei‐Nan , Zhang Qi , Xue Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) are among the smallest terrestrial arthropods possessing simplified morphological characters, which challenges the traditional morphology‐based species delimitation. The Diptilomiopus spp. exhibit further morphological degeneration (e.g., lack of genus on both legs and some opisthosoma setae). Especially, they possess high similarity in the reticulate prodorsal shield patterns, leading to cryptic species complex and hampering our understanding of species diversity. In this study, we implemented an integrated approach, including genetic distance analysis, phylogenetic analysis, population genetic structure construction, introgression test, and morphometric analysis, to delimitate the Diptilomiopus ligustri complex. We obtained 52 mitochondrial COI gene sequences and 19 whole‐genome sequences across 18 sample sites of this complex. All samples were collected from Ligustrum plants in China, which may cover their main distribution ranges. Our results demonstrate that the D. ligustri complex consists of at least four distinct species (i.e., D. ligustri, D. cf. ligustri sp1., D. cf. ligustri sp2., and D. cf. ligustri sp3.), which are genetically divergent but do not differ morphologically, assessed by principal component analysis of 27 morphological characteristics. No significant gene flow was observed among this complex. Divergence time estimates further showed that most Diptilomiopus species diverged in a short time interval at the Paleogene–Neogene boundary, indicating a rapid radiation. Our results highlight the integrated approaches in eriophyoid mite species complex delimitation.
Purkinje cell ablation and Purkinje cell‐specific deletion of Tsc1 in the developing cerebellum strengthen cerebellothalamic synapses
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroshi , Nishiyama Naoko , Zemelman Boris V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerebellar damage early in life often causes long‐lasting motor, social and cognitive impairments, suggesting the roles of the cerebellum in developing a broad spectrum of behaviours. This recent finding has promoted research on how cerebellar damage affects the development of the cerebral cortex, the brain region responsible for higher‐order control of all behaviours. However, the cerebral cortex is not directly connected to the cerebellum. The thalamus is a major direct target of the cerebellar nuclei, conveying cerebellar signals to the cerebral cortex. Despite its crucial position in cerebello–cerebral interaction, thalamic susceptibility to cerebellar damage remains largely unclear. Here, we studied the consequences of early cerebellar perturbation on thalamic development. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings showed that the synaptic organization of the cerebellothlamic circuit is similar to that of the primary sensory thalamus, in which aberrant sensory activity alters synaptic circuit formation. The ablation of Purkinje cells in the developing cerebellum strengthened cerebellothalamic synapses and enhanced thalamic suprathreshold activities. Purkinje‐cell specific deletion of tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1 (Tsc1), an autism‐associated gene for which the protein product negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin, also strengthened cerebellothalamic synapses. However, this strengthening occurred only in homozygous deletion, whereas both homozygous and hemizygous deletion are known to cause autism‐like behaviours. These results suggest that, although the cerebellothalamic projection is vulnerable to disturbances in the developing cerebellar cortex, other changes may also drive the behavioural consequences of early cerebellar perturbation.
imageKey points
Cerebellar damage early in life often causes motor, social and cognitive impairments, suggesting the roles of the cerebellum in developing a broad spectrum of behaviours.
Recent studies focus on how the developing cerebellum affects the formation and function of the cerebral cortex, the higher‐order centre for all behaviours. However, the cerebellum does not directly connect to the cerebral cortex.
Here, we studied the consequences of early cerebellar perturbation on the thalamus because it is a direct postsynaptic target of the cerebellum, sending cerebellar signals to the cerebral cortex.
Loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which are commonly associated with various neurological disorders, strengthened cerebellothalamic synapses, suggesting the vulnerability of the thalamus to substantial disturbance in the developing cerebellum.
Purkinje cell‐specific loss of tuberous sclerosis complex‐1, a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin, is an established mouse model of autism. This mouse model also showed strengthened cerebellothalamic synapses.