bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' recognition of educational demands in the context of a socioscientific issues curriculum
Authors: Lindahl Mats G. , Folkesson Anne‐Mari , Zeidler Dana L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudents' difficulties in interpreting what counts as knowledge have been addressed in past research on science education. The implementation of progressivist pedagogy in terms of more student‐active classroom practice and the introduction of a variety of discourses into the science classroom deepens students' difficulties. The integration of different forms and demands of knowledge and discourses typified by Science‐in‐Context initiatives, such as within the socioscientific framework, exemplifies this development in science education. Here, the diffuse boundaries between school subjects and other silos of knowledge lead to considerable difficulties for students to interpret what is expected from them. Such contexts having diffuse boundaries between, for example, subject discourses and other forms of knowledge, have been describes as contexts with weak classification. The present study aims to explore students' interpretation of what knowledge or meaning they are requested to produce in contexts with weak classification, here exemplified within an SSI‐task. We use Bernstein's concepts of recognition rules and classification to analyze how 15‐ to 16‐year‐old students develop their discussions in groups of 4–6 students. This study reports how students' recognition of the educational demands enabled integration of different discourses in their discussion, and that the use of both universalistic and particularistic meanings can produce new understandings. Students who had not acquired recognition rules were found to keep discourses apart, expressed either as rejection of the relevance of the task, answering questions as in a traditional school task, or just exchange of personal opinions. Furthermore, they included discourses irrelevant to the issue. An important outcome of the study was that socioscientific thinking was hampered when students kept universalistic and particularistic meanings apart. This hampering results from the inhibition of dynamic exploration during SSI discussions. The results provide new insights with relevance for teachers' guiding students toward a fruitful SSI‐discourse.
Data assimilation impact of in situ and remote sensing meteorological observations on wind power forecasts during the first Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP)
Authors: Wilczak James M. , Olson Joseph B. , Djalalova Irina , Bianco Laura , Berg Larry K. , Shaw William J. , Coulter Richard L. , Eckman Richard M. , Freedman Jeff , Finley Catherine , Cline Joel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring the first Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP), new meteorological observations were collected from a large suite of instruments, including wind velocities measured on networks of tall towers provided by wind industry partners, wind speeds measured by cup anemometers mounted on the nacelles of wind turbines, and wind profiles by networks of Doppler sodars and radar wind profilers. Previous data denial studies found a significant improvement of up to 6% root mean squared error (RMSE) reduction for short‐term wind power forecasts due to the assimilation of all of these observations into the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecast model using a 3D variational data assimilation scheme. As a follow‐on study, we now investigate the impacts of assimilating into the RAP model either the additional remote sensing observations (sodars and radar wind profilers) alone or assimilating the industry‐provided in situ observations (tall towers and nacelle anemometers) alone, in addition to routinely available standard meteorological data sets. The more numerous tall tower/nacelle observations provide a relatively large improvement through the first 3 to 4 hours of the forecasts, which diminishes to a negligible impact by forecast hour 6. In comparison, the sparser vertical profiling sodars/radars provide an initially smaller impact that decays at a much slower rate, with a positive impact present through the first 12 hours of the forecast. Large positive assimilation impacts for both sets of instruments are found during daytime hours, while small or even negative impacts are found during nighttime hours.
Degradation of chloramphenicol using Ti‐Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes
Authors: Sun Yongjun , Chen Aowen , Zhu Sichen , Sun Wenquan , Shah Kinjal J. , Zheng Huaili 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTi‐Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes were prepared for the efficient degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) in wastewater. To observe the surface morphology and structural characteristics of the Ti‐Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction were used for characterization. Parameters affecting the degradation efficiency and the energy consumption of the Ti‐Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes, such as current density, electrode distance, initial pH, conductivity, air flow, and packing ratio, were examined. Results showed that the optimal conditions were 20 mA/cm2 current intensity, 3 cm electrode distance, 5,000 μS/cm conductivity, 2.0 L/min air flow, 50.0% packing ratio, and initial pH 1. The removal efficiency of chloramphenicol was 73.7% under the optimal conditions, and the energy consumption was 191.3 (kW h)/kg CAP.Practitioner points

Attapulgite ceramsite with good physical performance was prepared.

The removal efficiencies for CAP in water by Ti‐Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes were studied.

CAP was effectively removed by 3‐D electrode system.

CAP removal was significantly influenced by operational parameters.

Three‐dimensional electrode system shows good degradation ability.
Design-features of bubble-prone experimental asset markets with a constant FV
Authors: Huber Christoph , Bindra Parampreet C. , Kleinlercher Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExperimental asset markets with a constant fundamental value (FV) have grown in importance in recent years. A methodological examination of the robustness of experimental results in such a setting which has been shown to produce bubbles, however, is lacking. In a laboratory experiment with 280 subjects, we investigate whether specific design features are sufficient to influence experimental results. In detail, we (1) vary the visual representation of the price chart, and (2) provide subjects with full information about the FV process. We find overvaluation and bubble formation to be reduced when trading prices are displayed at the upper end of the price chart. Surprisingly, we do not find any effects when subjects have full information about the FV process.
Erectile Dysfunction Medication Prescription: STI and Risk Behavior in Men with HIV
Authors: Heudebert Jose Pablo , Tamhane Ashutosh , Burkholder Greer A. , Dionne-Odom Jodie 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common diagnosis in up to 50% of men with HIV and prescription of erectile dysfunction medication (EDM) has been variably associated with increased risk behaviors and acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Aim
We measured the association of EDM prescription with bacterial STI testing, STI infection and sexual behavior among men engaged in HIV care.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected men in care at an urban HIV clinic in Birmingham, Alabama between 2008 and 2016. Paired data analysis was used to compare STI testing and behavioral outcomes during the 12-month period before and after EDM prescription.

Main Outcome Measures
Our study outcomes were STI testing and infection rates for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and incident syphilis as well as risk behaviors before and after EDM prescription.

Results
Of 2924 HIV-infected men engaged in care, 589 (20%) initiated EDM with a new prescription from a clinic provider during the study period. During the year after EDM prescription, all STI testing rates decreased: CT (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 - 1.01; P = .06), GC (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 - 1.01; P = .06), and syphilis (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.20 - 0.38; P &lt; .001). A total of 43 STIs were detected in this study (10 CT, 8 GC, and 25 syphilis) and 42/43 occurred among men who have sex with men (MSM). Sexual activity rates were high before and after EDM (87.6% vs 82.9%; P = .08), and consistent condom use was rare (6.6% in both time periods). After EDM prescription, the median number of sexual partners in the past 6 months decreased from 2 to 1 among MSM and was stable at 1 among men who have sex with women.

Clinical Implication
Management of ED in HIV clinic provides an excellent opportunity to discuss risk reduction, safer sex practices, and the importance of routine STI screening to prevent HIV/STI transmission.

Strength & Limitations
This study provides insight into a common but understudied clinical scenario-ED in men with HIV-in an urban clinic population that is representative of the Southeastern United States. Adherence for ED medication was not assessed and STI risk behaviors were self-reported.

Conclusion
EDM prescription did not lead to any detectable change in risk behavior in this setting but bacterial STI was common among MSM who were tested.
Consent in the Exam Room
Authors: Keller Jennifer Mendillo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Explicitly obtaining consent from a patient prior to starting a sensitive physical exam is essential to improve their experience with intimate examinations such as the genitourinary exam.

Aim
The purpose of this article is to raise awareness among providers about how and why to obtain consent for intimate examinations.

Methods
The current literature on consent was reviewed and the opinion piece was created using current events and literature.

Results
Providers have a responsibility to consent patients for a sensitive exam.

Conclusion
Explicitly obtaining consent from a patient priro to starting a sensitive physical exam such as a genitourinary exam is essential to improve the patient experience with such exams.
Changes in Female Sexual Function After Vaginal Mesh Repair Versus Native Tissue Repair for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liao Sao-Chun , Huang Wen-Chu , Su Tsung-Hsien , Lau Hui-Hsuan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate changes in female sexual function after transvaginal mesh (TVM) repair versus native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods
Eligible studies, published through November 2017, were retrieved through searches of ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Review databases and associated bibliographies. We included randomized control trials of transvaginal prolapse surgery with either mesh repair or native tissue repair regarding the outcomes of sexual function, de novo and postoperative dyspareunia with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up.

Results
Seventeen trials including 2,976 patients (1,488 with TVM repair and 1,488 with native tissue repair) were identified. There was no significant difference in postoperative dyspareunia after TVM repair versus native tissue repair (risk ratio [RR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76–1.50). Likewise, there was no significant difference in de novo dyspareunia after TVM repair versus native tissue repair (RR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.52–1.61). There was also no significant difference in the short form Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire score after TVM mesh repair versus native tissue repair (mean difference = 0.26; 95% CI = -1.34 to 1.85).

Conclusion
Sexual function and de novo and postoperative dyspareunia were similar between the patients who underwent TVM repair and those who underwent native tissue repair.
Decay of turbulence in a liquid metal duct flow with transverse magnetic field
Authors: Zikanov Oleg , Krasnov Dmitry , Boeck Thomas , Sukoriansky Semion 
Published: March 2019

Decay of honeycomb-generated turbulence in a duct with a static transverse magnetic field is studied via direct numerical simulations. The simulations follow the revealing experimental study of Sukoriansky et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 4 (1), 1986, pp. 11–16), in particular the paradoxical observation of high-amplitude velocity fluctuations, which exist in the downstream portion of the flow when the strong transverse magnetic field is imposed in the entire duct including the honeycomb exit, but not in other configurations. It is shown that the fluctuations are caused by the large-scale quasi-two-dimensional structures forming in the flow at the initial stages of the decay and surviving the magnetic suppression. Statistical turbulence properties, such as the energy decay curves, two-point correlations and typical length scales are computed. The study demonstrates that turbulence decay in the presence of a magnetic field is a complex phenomenon critically depending on the state of the flow at the moment the field is introduced.
Who Was Afraid of Pregnancy Tests? Gestational Information and Reproduction Policies in France (1920–50)
Authors: Cahen Fabrice 
Published: March 2019

Though resulting from a long-term process, the need to manage pregnancies both medically and bureaucratically became a state concern, especially from the 1920s onwards. A woman’s official obligation to notify the state of her pregnancy (and therefore to know it on time) goes beyond a matter of biopolicies and poses a range of contradictions. ‘Pregnant or not?’ – as an issue of knowledge – is a powerful tool for apprehending the tensions between individual freedom, privacy, institutional requirements and professional powers.In order to better understand the historical meaning of pregnancy diagnostics in mid-twentieth-century France, this paper combines three dimensions: uncertainty and its management; the informational asymmetry between institutional agents and women; and the diachronic dimension of gestation. Writing this history sheds more light on an apparent paradox: while knowing and notifying one’s own pregnancy became a duty, the tools that could help women eliminate some doubt right from the first months of their pregnancy – in particular the innovation of laboratory diagnosis – was seen as a danger. When, in 1938, private laboratories began publishing advertisements for the laboratory test in the most widely-read newspapers, tending to reframe it as a commercial service, the anti-abortion crusade was increasing its propaganda and its political pressure. This crusade’s legal victory proved incomplete, but for a long time some of the most conservative physicians recommended great parsimony in prescribing testing. Combined with reducing the legal time limit for notification, this conflict shows how the state injunctions towards women could look like a ‘double bind’.
Looking into the Test Tube: The Birth of IVF on British Television
Authors: Dow Katharine 
Published: March 2019

The birth of Louise Brown, the world’s first ‘test-tube baby’, has come to signify the moment at which technologically assisted human reproduction became a re ality. This was a highly mediated and visible reality, as this article explores through the example of a British television documentary about Louise Brown broadcast when she was just six weeks old, ‘To Mrs Brown… A Daughter’ (Thames Television, 1978). In the article, I discuss the programme alongside data from an interview with its producer, Peter Williams. Williams sought to convince the public that IVF was morally acceptable and to cultivate sympathy for the infertile through this film. I will consider how he went about this by focusing on the programme’s visual presentation of Louise Brown, Peter Williams’ aims in making the film and his sympathetic relationship with the ‘pioneers’ of IVF, gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe and physiologist Robert Edwards. I will conclude with a discussion of the political implications of this film and how it contributed to the normalisation of IVF at a pivotal moment in its history.
Conflict, Peace, and the Evolution of Women's Empowerment
Authors: Webster Kaitlyn , Chen Chong , Beardsley Kyle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow do periods of conflict and peace shape women's empowerment around the world? While existing studies have demonstrated that gender inequalities contribute to the propensity for armed conflict, we consider how the anticipation and realization of armed conflict shape women's opportunities for influence in society. Some scholars have pointed to the role that militarization and threat play in entrenching male dominance, while others have argued that periods of warfare can upend existing gender hierarchical orders. We posit mechanisms by which the preparation for and experiences during war affect change in women's empowerment. We develop and test observable implications using cross-national data from 1900 to 2015. We find that, at least in the short and medium term, warfare can disrupt social institutions and lead to an increase in women's empowerment via mechanisms related to role shifts across society and political shifts catalyzed by war. Reforming institutions and mainstreaming gender during peace processes stand to have important legacies for gender power relations in postconflict societies, though much more may be needed for more permanent change.
Convicts, Commodities, and Connections in British Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1789–1866
Authors: Anderson Clare 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores the transportation of Indian convicts to the port cities of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean during the period 1789 to 1866. It considers the relationship between East India Company transportation and earlier and concurrent British Crown transportation to the Americas and Australia. It is concerned in particular with the interconnection between convictism and enslavement in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean worlds. Examining the roots of transportation in South Asia in the repressive policies of the East India Company, especially in relation to its occupation of land and expropriation of resources, it moves on to discuss aspects of convicts’ lives in Moulmein, Singapore, Mauritius, and Aden. This includes their labour regime and their relationship to other workers. It argues that Indian convict transportation was part of a carceral circuit of repression and coerced labour extraction that was intertwined with the expansion of East India Company governance and trade. The Company used transportation as a means of removing resistant subjects from their homes, and of supplying an unfree labour force to develop commodity exports and to build the infrastructure necessary for the establishment, population, and connection of littoral nodes. However, the close confinement and association of convicts during transportation rendered the punishment a vector for the development of transregional political solidarities, centred in and around the Company's port cities.
A qualitative study to explore fathers’ attitudes towards breastfeeding in South West England
Authors: Merritt Rowena , Vogel Michelle , Ladbury Patrick , Johnson Sally 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of fathers towards breastfeeding and how they impact either positively or negatively on their partners’ decisions to initiate or continue breastfeeding.BackgroundDespite policy initiatives at a national and international level and the increased number of baby-friendly hospitals within the UK, breastfeeding rates are slow to rise. Support from both parents has been proven to increase uptake and continuation rates, but there is little research into the emotional experience of fathers when it comes to breastfeeding.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 18 fathers in Wiltshire, England. Principles of grounded theory were used throughout this study to guide the sampling, data collection, and data analysis.FindingsFathers knew the health benefits of breastfeeding and wanted their child to breastfeed but were unsure of their place in the feeding process because they felt it was not their body. While they were aware of the benefits of breast milk for infants, fathers felt less informed of the practicalities of breastfeeding and the potential challenges they and their partner might have to overcome to breastfeed successfully for the recommended six-month period. Based on these findings, three segments were identified: the problem bonders, the dual bonders, and the pragmatists. All segments were concerned with the well-being of their partner and child and wanted their child to be breastfed. Health professionals can use the results of this study to create prenatal educational resources that take more of a preventive and problem-solving approach as opposed to promoting breastfeeding in efforts to comply with National Health Service guidelines, without offering solutions to common breastfeeding problems.
The Coastal Ocean Circulation Influence on the 2018 West Florida Shelf K. brevis Red Tide Bloom
Authors: Weisberg Robert H. , Liu Yonggang , Lembke Chad , Hu Chuanmin , Hubbard Katherine , Garrett Mathew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBlooms of the harmful alga, Karenia brevis on the west Florida continental shelf are thought to initiate offshore before manifesting as a nuisance along the coastline. Contributing to such blooms are a complex sequence of events occurring within oligotrophic waters, which in any given year may or may not be facilitated by the ocean circulation. Once initiation occurs, the delivery from the region of offshore origination to the region of coastline manifestation requires an upwelling circulation, whereby K. brevis cells are advected shoreward along the bottom. The 2018 K. brevis bloom was particularly intense owing to cells from the preceding 2017 bloom being reinforced by a newly formed bloom in 2018, a year when the offshore conditions in spring through early summer were again favorable for bloom development. As an event response to determine the potential for new cells to be delivered to the shore, a glider was deployed from 24 August 2018 to 17 September 2018 with a track line designed to map water properties over the hypothesized initiation region. The coastal ocean circulation during the deployment interval was generally upwelling favorable, but the passage of Tropical Storm Gordon temporarily disrupted this flow, after which K. brevis appeared along the Florida Panhandle coast. Strong upwelling then reestablished and K. brevis was subsequently observed along Florida's east coast. We describe the glider deployment, the K. brevis observations, and we use a numerical circulation model to account for the K. brevis manifestation as occurred along Florida's west, Panhandle, and east coasts.