bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kivándorlás és szabályozása Kínában
Authors: Koudela Pál 
Published: May 2019

Az 1980-as évektől Kína lehetővé tette, hogy a lakosság egy szűkebb csoportja legálisan is elhagyhassa az országot. A kivándorlás akkor szoros irányítás alatt állt és gazdasági célokat szolgált. Korlátozás a Csing dinasztia kora óta jelen van, azonban az utóbbi két évtizedben egyre kevesebb formális elem gátolja a kiutazást és a kinntartózkodást, s a vezetés egyre rugalmasabban gondolkodik a kivándorlók gazdasági hasznáról; már nem csupán a szellemi tőke behozatalát, a közvetlen hazai befektetéseket, hanem a globális hálózat építését is szem előtt tartva. A kivándorlás Kínából mégis szerény, s a magas társadalmi státuszú csoportokra jellemző. Az elvándorlás nagyságát a befektetői csoportok és a diákság szerepének növekedése határozza meg. Ennek okai a hazai gazdaság bővülésében és a befogadó országok korlátozásaiban kereshetők. A diákság kivándorlásának kezdetét a „reform és nyitás” politikája jelentette, a kormány kifejezetten a szellemi tőke felhalmozását támogatta. Kínában különösen értékes a külföldön megszerzett diploma, noha a felsőoktatás fejlesztése elvben megoldotta az utánpótlást. A tanulási szándékkal kivándorlók jelentős hányada azonban ma sem tér vissza Kínába. A szakképzetlen vagy alacsonyan képzett fizikai dolgozók kivándorlását szorosan ellenőrzi a kormányzat, annak iránya és feltételrendszere a külföldi befektetések változásaitköveti. Mára ugyanakkor jelentős liberalizáció zajlott le ezen a területen is.
Occurrence and the first report of Naegleria australiensis presence in a major lake in the Philippines
Authors: Milanez Giovanni , Masangkay Frederick , Somsak Voravuth , Kotepui Manas , Tangpong Jitbanjong , Karanis Panagiotis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Laguna de Bay or Laguna Lake is one of the six major lakes in the Philippines to be in close contact with population activities due to the expansion of urban settlements in the immediate cities surrounding the lake, thus pushing the population to settle upon its shores. To date, there are no data showing the biodiversity of free-living amoebae (FLA) present in this lake. The present study aims to isolate and identify the FLA present in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Thirty subsurface water samples were taken from Laguna De Bay using random purposive sampling in May 2018 and were examined for amoebic growth under light microscopy (LM). Results show that 8 out of 30 (26.6%) water samples were positive for amoebic growth and were further tested for more advanced data and genetic variation of the species. Initial molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing showed the presence of potentially pathogenic FLA Naegleria australiensis (MK418954). The detection of potential pathogenic FLA in lakes and dams may prove useful in preventing and controlling possible human infections in the country. More data from this study will aid in public awareness and establishing safety guidelines and control programs.
Uniportal-Single Incision Thoracoscopic Access for Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Balta Cenk 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
Pulmonary hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus Species and has high
prevalence in low and middle income countries. Surgery remains the gold standard method for this
parasitic pulmonary disease. Here, we report 20 cases of pulmonary hydatid cysts that underwent
minimally invasive videothoracoscopic surgery.

Methodology:
All the patients who underwent minimally invasive complete thoracoscopic removal
of pulmonary hydatid cysts in our clinic, which were recorded in the hospital database had been
extracted. Clinical properties and complications of the surgeries were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
Minimally invasive method was performed in all 20 cases. The mean duration of operation
was 95 minutes (min-max: 45-175), and the mean length of hospitalization was 3.55 days (min-max:
2-7). The complication rate was 15% (n=3) and there was no recurrence in 6 months of follow- up.

Conclusion:
Videothorascopic pulmonary hydatid cysts removal seems to be a safe and useful
method. This method is applied in all suitable patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts.
Low Efficacy of Hypochlorous Acid Solution Compared to Povidone-iodine in Cataract Surgery Antisepsis
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Grzybowski Andrzej , Olszewski Bogdan 
Published: May 2019

Background:Hypochlorous Acid Solution (HAS) is a non-irritating, odorless and transparent, pH-neutral substance having antimicrobial activity.Objective:The study aimed to compare the efficacy of HAS with a 10% povidone-iodine (PVI) solution for antisepsis in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery (PCS).Methods:Consecutive patients undergoing PCS in the Elbląg City Hospital, Poland, were enrolled in this prospective trial. In the morning just before surgery a swab was taken from the inferior conjunctival fornix of the eye that was to be operated. Patients were assigned to receive conjunctival irrigation with PVI or HAS in the operating room. Three minutes after lavage with PVI or HAS, conjunctival swabs were taken. During surgery the cornea and conjunctival sac were irrigated with Ringer’s lactate. The last swab was taken before removing the eye speculum.Results:Overall, 110 patients completed the study; there were 59 patients in the PVI group and 51 patients in the HAS group. Conjunctival lavage with 10% PVI resulted in a decrease in bacterial load, while HAS application did not. In the HAS group a reduction in bacterial load was found after surgery. Patients after HAS irrigation reported significantly less discomfort associated with conjunctival lavage than with PVI. None of the patients developed postoperative endophthalmitis or any type of eye inflammation within the follow-up period.Conclusions:This study confirms the excellent antibacterial activity of a 10% povidone-iodine solution used for three minutes before cataract surgery. Conjunctival irrigation with Ringer lactate during PCS decreased the bacterial load of the conjunctival sac.
INTRACAVITY LARGE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON RADIATION PARAMETERS OF POWERFUL LASERS
Authors: Strakhov S. Yu. , Sotnikova N. V. , Kiselev I. A. , Balashov V. M. 
Published: May 2019

Large‑scale inhomogeneities occur in the optical resonator of a high‑power laser due to uneven redistribution of heat and errors in the alignment of the circuit. Such inhomogeneities can significantly affect the characteristics of laser radiation. The paper analyzes the effect of large‑scale phase inhomogeneities associated with the separation and thermal deformation of unstable resonator mirrors on the parameters of the laser radiation – the power and angular divergence. The numerical simulation of the unstable resonator in the di‑fractional approximation is carried out, on the basis of which the quantitative effect of phase aberrations such as optical wedge (separation) and spherical lens (thermodeformation) on the power and divergence of laser radiation depending on the main characteristics of the unstable resonator‑the Fresnel number and the magnification coefficient is determined. The results of experimental studies of the effect of separation on the radiation parameters of a 100‑kilowatt CO2 gas‑dynamic laser are presented. The results of the work should be taken into account in the structural‑parametric optimization of the resonator.
EXECUTION AFTER REDIRECTION VULNERABILITIES IN WEB-APPLICATIONS
Authors: Prazyan К. А. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents the main provisions of the construction of web applications. The mechanism of the application protocol HTTP in the development of web applications. The description of the operation of HTTP status codes and their processing in the user’s browser is given. Describes how to use status codes in the development of web applications. An example of working with a redirection code and header is given. A definition and characterization of execution vulnerabilities after redirection is proposed. Examples of applications vulnerable to run after redirection to server programming languages PHP and Ruby on Rails are given. Describes the problem of typical solutions to neutralize the vulnerability of execution after redirection. A way of writing the source code of the application, taking into account the possibility of execution vulnerabilities after redirection, is proposed. Provides recommendations for writing code.
INTERACTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS WITH HUMAN MEIBUM
Authors: Niamprem Pattravee , Milla Thomas J. , Schuett Burkhardt S. , Srinivas S. P. , Tiyaboonchai Waree 
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aimed to determine the possibility of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a bionic tear film by determining the surface activities of the developed NLCs and their interaction with human meibomian lipid films.
Methods: NLCs with different types of solid lipids and surfactants were prepared by a high-pressure homogenizer. The particle size was determined by dynamic light scattering. The surface activities of the NLCs and NLCs mixed with meibomian lipids were measured using a Langmuir trough and the resulting surface pressure area (Π-A) profiles were compared. These lipid films were further analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: The particle size of prepared NLCs varied from 38–280 nm based on types of solid lipid and surfactant. All NLCs were highly surface active as indicated by their maximum surface pressure (Πmax). The Π-A profiles of meibum seeded with NLCs showed higher surface pressure than meibum alone and the shape of profiles were dominated by the meibomian lipids. These findings were in agreement with fluorescence and SEM micrographs, which revealed that the NLCs could adsorb and integrate to the meibomian lipid films as well as diffuse from the subphase to the lipid films.
Conclusion: NLCs are surface active and can integrate with meibomian lipid films formed stable films. The type of interaction can be tailored by altering the solid lipids used in the formulation of the NLCs which could provide the means to develop efficient formulations for targeting dry eye disease related to a non-functional tear film lipid layer.
DESIGN, OPTIMISATION AND EVALUATION OF PIROXICAM FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH TARTRATE-A NEW SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Rada Santosh Kumar , GHOSH ANKITA 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs by evaluating starch tartrate as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets by employing 23 factorial design.
Methods: Starch tartrate was synthesized by gelatinization process. The physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate the synthesized starch tartrate. The fast dissolving tablets of piroxicam were prepared by using starch tartrate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions by direct compression technique using 23 factorial design. The drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first-order rate constant (K1) were used in the evaluation of prepared fast dissolving tablets.
Results: The superdisintegrant starch tartrate prepared was found to be fine, free-flowing slightly crystalline powder. Starch tartrate exhibited good swelling in water. The study between piroxicam and starch tartrate was shown the absence of interaction by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug content (99.83±0.56 %), hardness (3.7–3.9 kg/sq. Cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%) have been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch tartrate. The disintegration time of all the formulated fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) was found to be in the range of 12±0. 01 to 4500±0.02s. The optimized formulation F6 has the least disintegration time i.e., 12±0. 01s. The In vitro wetting time of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 35±0.09 to 1624±0.02s. The In–Vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation F6. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 60±0.12 to 65±0.15%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F6 was found to be 99.32±0.09% in 10 min.
Conclusion: The dissolution efficiency of piroxicam was enhanced when starch tartrate was found to be a superdisintegrant when combined with crospovidone and, hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 10 min.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE NANOGEL OF NEVIRAPINE FOR VAGINAL APPLICATION
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Sofiur , AHMED ABDUL BAQUEE 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate Nevirapine nanoparticle loaded mucoadhesive gel (NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel) for vaginal application for the treatment of HIV infection.
Methods: NVP loaded nanoparticles were prepared by salting out method followed by incorporation in different gel bases to produce NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel The prepared gels were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters, rheological characteristics, mucoadhesion, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation of drug across porcine vaginal mucosa.
Results: The result of FT-IR and DSC study confirmed the absence of incompatibility of NVP with excipients used in the formulations. The particle size of the prepared NVP-Np was found to be 243.8 ± 3.15 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.787± 0.002 and zeta potential value -17.12 mV, which revealed the stability of nanoparticles. All the formulations showed good homogeneity, spreadability, physical appearance and content uniformity. The pH of the mucoadhesive gel formulations was in the range of 3.70 ± 0.03 to 4.56 ± 0.02, which lies in the normal pH range of the vaginal fluid. The cumulative amounts permeated at 6 h were 832.23 ± 63.45 μg/cm2 , 592.13 ± 82.55 μg/cm2 and 941.32 ± 81.10 μg/cm2 from F1(1% Chitosan), F2(1% Carbopol 974P) and F3 (1% HPMC K100M ) respectively. A linear relationship [r2 > 0.9 (0.97 n 0.99)] was observed between the percentage cumulative amount permeated and time, indicating zero order kinetics.
Conclusion: In conclusion, NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel was prepared successfully using salting out followed by a homogenization technique for vaginal application of NVP for the prophylaxis of HIV infection.
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF REPAGLINIDE IN RABBIT PLASMA
Authors: NAVAMANISUBRAMANIAN RAJA , PANCHAGIRI SABITHA , NERELLA RAGHUNANDAN , DURAIPANDIAN CHAMUNDEESWARI , SEETHARAMAN SHANMUGANATHAN 
Published: May 2019

Objective: A simple, selective and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to estimate repaglinide (REP) in rabbit plasma using rabeprazole (RAB) as an internal standard was developed and validated for various qualifications.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on C18 (2) analytical column (5 μ, 250×4.6 mm) using acetonitrile: 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. Validation of the analytical method was performed as per ICH guidelines.
Results: The retention times of REP and RAB were found at ~4.3 and 5.1 min respectively, with adequate system suitability parameters (theoretical plates ≥3619, tailing factor ≤1.38, resolution factor 2.37). The method has linearity over a concentration range of 10 to 1000 ng/ml (r2=0.9987). The results of accuracy (≥98.17%), intra-, inter-day precision (≤2.9%), recovery (101.21±2.09%) and process efficiency (99.77±3.74%) found satisfactory with no matrix effect. The analyte in samples were found stable up to 6 h, 3 freeze-thaw cycles and not more than 2 mo corresponding to bench-top, short and long term stability studies respectively.
Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method for estimation of REP in rabbit plasma was developed. The method was found to be rapid, cost-effective and accurate to estimate the REP from the sample matrix. The method can be a most useful tool for in vivo study of REP in the rabbit.
De los micrómetros a los picómetros: evolución de las técnicas de microscopia para el estudio de nanomateriales
Authors: Rivera Hernandez Margarita , Arenas-Alatorre Jesús 
Published: May 2019

Sin lugar a duda, las técnicas de microscopía electrónica (ME) y microscopia de sonda de barrido (SPM) han contribuido enormemente al estudio de nanomateriales, dando información de propiedades morfológicas, estructurales, de superficie, eléctricas y magnéticas, entre muchas otras. Las técnicas más empleadas para estudios a nanoescala han sido las microscopías electrónicas de transmisión y barrido, y por otro lado, las de efecto túnel y de fuerza atómica, respectivamente. Los avances tecnológicos en los últimos años de estas técnicas han permitido límites de resolución que hace 25 años era inimaginables, siendo los últimos valores alcanzados de decenas de picómetros (10<sup>-12</sup> m). Cabe señalar, que más allá de esto, las técnicas de microscopia mencionadas han crecido en sus capacidades de análisis en el campo de las nanociencias y nanotecnología, dando lugar a otras técnicas como microscopía electrónica de barrido por transmisión (STEM, del inglés Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy), Imagen en campo obscuro a ángulo grande en alta resolución (HR-HAADF, del inglés High Resolution - High Angle Annular Dark Field), Crio-Microscopía Electrónica, Tomografía electrónica, Espectroscopía de tunelamiento, Tunelamiento inelástico, Curvas de fuerza, etc. Lo anterior, no solo ha complementado la información morfológica y estructural, sino que también, ha contribuido al entendimiento de fenómenos de interacción y propiedades fisicoquímicas a escalas atómicas y moleculares. En este artículo se hace un análisis de la trascendencia actual que tienen las técnicas de microscopía electrónica, así como las de microscopia de sonda de barrido (SPM), y se menciona brevemente el alcance de estas técnicas como métodos de modificación de superficies a ultra alta resolución, como el caso de la nanolitografía y nanomanipulación, que estan abriendo un panorama enorme en el desarrollo de las tecnologías del futuro.
Obtención de nanoemulsiones utilizando saponinas de quillay como sustituto de un surfactante sintético
Authors: Riquelme Hinojosa Natalia Andrea , Arancibia Aguilar Carla Andrea 
Published: May 2019

<p>En los últimos años han aumentado los estudios sobre el uso de la nanotecnología en el desarrollo de alimentos saludables ya que pueden mejorar la biodisponibilidad de compuestos bioactivos debido a su pequeño tamaño de partícula (&lt; 100 nm). Además, la creciente demanda por alimentos “más naturales” ha llevado a la industria alimentaria a sustituir los ingredientes sintéticos por otros de origen natural. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la sustitución de un surfactante sintético (<em>Tween</em> 80) por uno de origen natural (saponinas de quillay) y evaluar su efecto sobre la estabilidad física y oxidativa de nanoemulsiones saludables con aceite de palta. Para ello, se prepararon nanoemulsiones con aceite de palta como fase lipídica saludable (5% p/p) y una fase acuosa constituida por agua (89% p/p)y distintos surfactantes (6% p/p): lecitina de soya, <em>Tween</em> 80 y saponinas del quillay, sustituyendo el <em>Tween</em> 80 por saponinas del quillay de 0% a 100%. Se determinaron las propiedades físicas (tamaño de partícula, índice de polidispersidad y potencial zeta), la estabilidad física y oxidativa de las nanoemulsiones. Los resultados mostraron que la sustitución con saponinas afectó significativamente (p&lt;0,05) las características físicas de las nanoemulsiones, las saponinas presentaron una menor efectividad en la reducción del tamaño de partícula, sin embargo mostraron un leve efecto sobre el índice de polidispersión (0,17-0,22) y potencial zeta (-38.6 - -49.9 mV). Todas las nanoemulsiones se mantuvieron estables durante los 30 días de almacenamiento a 5 y 25 ºC ya que no se observó formación de crema. La variación del pH no afectó el tamaño de partícula ni la estabilidad física de las nanoemulsiones. En relación a la estabilidad oxidativa, se observó que la adición de saponinas del quillay retardó la formación de sustancias reactivas al TBA durante los primeros 15 días de almacenamiento, sin embargo al día 30 no se observaron diferencias significativas (p&gt;0,05) entre las diferentes nanoemulsiones. En conclusión, las saponinas del quillay pueden ser utilizadas como sustituto de un surfactante sintético para el desarrollo de nanoemulsiones saludables con buena estabilidad física y oxidativa, sin embargo este surfactante natural fue menos eficiente en la obtención de tamaños de partícula en escala nanométrica (&lt; 100 nm).</p>
La nanotecnologia y su aplicación en alimentos
Authors: Ojeda Gonzalo Adrian , Arias Gorman Adriana Maria , Sgroppo Sonia Cecilia 
Published: May 2019

<p>La nanotecnología tendría un increíble potencial de aplicación en el sector alimentario a lo largo de la cadena alimentaria priorizando los requerimientos del consumidor. Tiene la capacidadde proveer nuevas formas de control y estructurado de alimentos con mayor funcionalidad y valor. En este trabajo se explican brevemente los principales conceptos de la nanotecnología y la implicancia que tiene la reducción de tamaño en sus propiedades. Se describen los principales nanoobjetos de uso potencial en alimentos y se ofrece una visión global de diferentes estudios llevados a cabo y sus aplicaciones en la industria alimentaria. </p>
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matakuliah Metode Numerik dengan Implementasi Scilab Berbantuan Software Latex
Authors: Arfinanti Nurul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:The aim of this study is to develop media for learning using Scilab and Latex in Numerical Methods course. Numerical methods is a course which use a lot of numerical symbol. Scilab is used to solve a numerical problem, and Latex is used to write subject matter with a lot of numerical symbols. This study use Research and Development (R&D) models by Thiagarajan which compreised in three steps: defining, designing, and developing. The data were collect from two expert in content, two expert in media for learning, and 11 responses from students. Data were analyzed using qualitative method. The results of this study showed that the media for learning has fulfilled the criteria of the quality determined. This is based on the results of the assessment of content’s experts which get percentage of idealism score 94,53 (very good), the results of the assessment of media for learning’s experts which get percentage of idealism score 86,46 (very good), student response results with an average percentage of idealization score of 89.325 (very good), and students had fulfilled lesson learnead which designed.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran matakuliah Metode Numerik dengan implementasi Scilab berbantuan software Latex. Metode Numerik merupakan matakuliah yang banyak melibatkan simbol dan angka tetapi belum tersedia media pembelajarannya. Inovasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini berupa penggunaan freeware Scilab dan Latex dalam pembuatan media pembelajarannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, yang meliputi tahap define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), dan develop (pengembangan). Data dikumpulkan dari dua orang ahli materi, dua orang ahli media, dan respon dari 11 mahasiswa. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria kualitas yang ditetapkan. Hal ini didasarkan pada hasil penilaian dari ahli materi yang memperoleh persentase keidealan skor rata-rata 94,53 (sangat baik), hasil penilaian dari ahli media yang memperoleh persentase keidealan skor rata-rata 86,46 (sangat baik), hasil respon mahasiswa dengan persentase keidealan rata-rata skor sebesar 89,325 (sangat baik), serta penguasaan mahasiswa terhadap capaian pembelajaran telah dinyatakan lulus semuanya (nilai minimal 65 dan rata-rata 80,82).