bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifespan and age, but not residual reproductive value or condition, are related to behaviour in wild field crickets
Authors: Fisher David N. , David Morgan , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Rolando , Tregenza Tom 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndividuals frequently show long‐term consistency in behaviour over their lifetimes, referred to as “personality.” Various models, revolving around the use of resources and how they are valued by individuals, attempt to explain the maintenance of these different behavioural types within a population, and evaluating them is the key for understanding the evolution of behavioural variation. The pace‐of‐life syndrome hypothesis suggests that differences in personalities result from divergent life‐history strategies, with more active/risk‐taking individuals reproducing rapidly but dying young. However, studies of wild animals provide only limited support for key elements of this and related hypotheses, such as a negative relationship between residual reproductive value and activity. Furthermore, alternative models make divergent predictions regarding the relationship between risk‐taking behaviours and variables consistent in the short‐term, such as condition. To test these predictions, we regularly measured willingness to leave a shelter and the activity level of wild adult field crickets (Gryllus campestris) at both short and long intervals over their entire adult lives. We found some support for a pace‐of‐life syndrome influencing personality, as lifespan was negatively related to willingness to leave the shelter and activity. Crickets did not appear to protect their “assets” however, as estimates of residual reproductive value were not related to behaviour. Although there was considerable variance attributed to the short‐term consistency, neither trait was affected by phenotypic condition, failing to support either of the models we tested. Our study confirms that behaviours may covary with some life‐history traits and highlights the scales of temporal consistency that are more difficult to explain.
Embryonic and larval defensive responses of agile frog (Rana dalmatina) to alien crayfish
Authors: Gazzola Andrea , Russo Giorgio , Balestrieri Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRed swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, a widespread invasive alien crayfish, represents a serious threat for several freshwater species, including amphibians, which are declining at a global scale. As a shared coevolutionary history is the main factor determining the emergence of antipredator responses, Anuran tadpoles may not be able to cope effectively with this introduced predator. We performed two experiments to assess agile frog's (Rana dalmatina) defensive responses to both P. clarkii and native dragonfly larvae (Anax imperator). First, we conditioned embryos (collected from two ponds 30 km away from each other) with predators’ chemical cues to explore possible variation in hatching time caused by predation risk. In the second experiment, to evaluate how predators’ diet affects tadpole behavior, we conditioned tadpoles for a 5‐week period with cues from tadpole‐fed and gammarid‐fed predators and recorded behavioral and morphological responses. Embryos did not alter hatching time in the presence of any predator cue, while tadpoles from both populations strongly reduced activity and visibility when raised in the presence of tadpole‐fed dragonfly larvae. Morphological changes were less straightforward and were induced only in one population, for which broader tails and a slight increase in body size of tadpoles exposed to tadpole‐fed predators were observed. The lack of defensive responses in crayfish‐exposed tadpoles suggests that the spreading of this invasive species in agricultural lowlands of northern Italy may represent a further threat to their conservation.
Intersexual conflict in androdioecious clam shrimp: Do androdioecious hermaphrodites evolve to avoid mating with males?
Authors: Ford Rebecah E. , Weeks Stephen C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA recent sexual conflict model posits that a form of intersexual conflict may explain the persistence of males in androdioecious (males + hermaphrodites) populations of animals that are being selected to transition from dioecious (gonochoristic) mating to self‐compatible hermaphroditism. During the evolutionary spread of a self‐compatible hermaphrodite to replace females, the selective pressures on males to outcross are in conflict with the selective pressures on hermaphrodites to self. According to this model, the unresolved conflict interferes with the evolutionary trajectory from dioecy to hermaphroditism, slowing or halting that transition and strengthening the otherwise “transitory” breeding system of androdioecy into a potentially stable breeding strategy. Herein, we assess this model using two dioecious and two androdioecious clam shrimp (freshwater crustaceans) to ask two questions: (1) Have hermaphrodites evolved so that males cannot effectively recognize them?; and (2) Do androdioecious hermaphrodites avoid males? Androdioecious males made more mistakes than dioecious males when guarding potential mates suggesting that androdioecious males were less effective at finding hermaphrodites than dioecious males were at finding females. Similarly, in a three‐chambered experiment, focal hermaphrodites chose to aggregate with their same sex, whereas focal dioecious males chose to aggregate with the alternate sex. Together, these two experiments support the sexual conflict model of the maintenance of androdioecy and suggest that hermaphrodites are indeed evolving to avoid and evade males.
Relationship between effective and demographic population size in continuously distributed populations
Authors: Pierson Jennifer C. , Graves Tabitha A. , Banks Sam C. , Kendall Katherine C. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGenetic monitoring of wild populations can offer insights into demographic and genetic information simultaneously. However, widespread application of genetic monitoring is hindered by large uncertainty in the estimation and interpretation of target metrics such as contemporary effective population size, Ne. We used four long‐term genetic and demographic studies (≥9 years) to evaluate the temporal stability of the relationship between Ne and demographic population size (Nc). These case studies focused on mammals that are continuously distributed, yet dispersal‐limited within the spatial scale of the study. We estimated local, contemporary Ne with single‐sample methods (LDNE, Heterozygosity Excess, and Molecular Ancestry) and demographic abundance with either mark–recapture estimates or catch‐per‐unit effort indices. Estimates of Ne varied widely within each case study suggesting interpretation of estimates is challenging. We found inconsistent correlations and trends both among estimates of Ne and between Ne and Nc suggesting the value of Ne as an indicator of Nc is limited in some cases. In the two case studies with consistent trends between Ne and Nc, FIS was more stable over time and lower, suggesting FIS may be a good indicator that the population was sampled at a spatial scale at which genetic structure is not biasing estimates of Ne. These results suggest that more empirical work on the estimation of Ne in continuous populations is needed to understand the appropriate context to use LDNe as a useful metric in a monitoring programme to detect temporal trends in either Ne or Nc.
Effect of curing conditions on physical and chemical properties of MTA+
Authors: Zarra T. , Lambrianidis T. , Vasiliadis L. , Gogos C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate setting time, pH, solubility and surface roughness of MTA+ and ProRoot MTA and characterize their hydration under several curing conditions.MethodologySpecimens were prepared to evaluate setting time (n = 6 for each group, specimen dimensions 10 × 8 × 5 mm), solubility (n = 6 for each group, specimen dimension 20 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick) after 1 and 28 days, pH (n = 10 for each group, specimen dimensions 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and surface roughness (n = 10 for each group, specimen dimensions 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm high) after 28 days when cements were cured at 95% humidity or immersed in saline or HBSS at 37 °C. The powder and liquid were mechanically mixed by an amalgamator. The set materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray energy‐dispersive analysis. Statistical comparisons were employed using one‐way anova. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05.ResultsSetting time was significantly shorter when cements were cured at 95% humidity compared to those in saline (P < 0.001) and HBSS (P < 0.001). Setting time of MTA+ was significantly shorter than that of ProRoot MTA (P < 0.001), which had a significantly higher pH than MTA+ (P < 0.05) for all periods and immersion liquids. After immersion in saline, MTA+ was significantly less soluble than ProRoot MTA (P < 0.001); when immersed in HBSS, no significant difference was found (P = 1.00). The surface roughness of both cements was affected when exposed to HBSS (P < 0.001 for both cements) and saline (P < 0.001 for both cements). Storage in HBSS created a homogenous surface; incubation in saline or humidity created a biphasic surface. The main crystalline phases in both cements were tricalcium silicate, bismuth oxide and calcium hydroxide.ConclusionsMTA+ had a shorter setting time than ProRoot MTA, promoted lower pH and had lower solubility in saline. Curing conditions affected the surface roughness and microstructure of the cements.
Effect of pressure and temperature on viscosity of a borosilicate glass
Authors: Ding Linfeng , Thieme Manuel , Demouchy Sylvie , Kunisch Clemens , Kaus Boris J. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring industrial glass production processes, the actual distribution of stress components in the glass during scribing remains, to date, poorly quantified, and thus continues to be challenging to model numerically. In this work, we experimentally quantified the effect of pressure and temperature on the viscosity of SCHOTT N‐BK7® glass, by performing in situ deformation experiments at temperatures between 550 and 595°C and confining pressures between 100 and 300 MPa. Experiments were performed at constant displacement rates to produce almost constant strain rates between 9.70 × 10−6 and 4.98 × 10−5 s−1. The resulting net axial stresses range from 81 to 802 MPa, and the finite strains range from 1.4% to 8.9%. The mechanical results show that the SCHOTT N‐BK7® glass is viscoelastic near the glass transition temperature at 300 MPa of confining pressure. To elucidate the data, we incorporated both 1‐element and 2‐element generalized Maxwell viscoelastic models in an inversion approach, for which we provide MATLAB scrips. Results show that the 2‐element Maxwell model fits the experimental data well. The stress decreases with increasing temperature at 300 MPa and the temperature dependence yields a similar activation energy (601 ± 10 kJ mol−1 or ∆H/R = 7.2 × 104 K) to a previously reported value at 1‐atm (615 kJ mol−1 or ∆H/R = 7.4 × 104 K). The SCHOTT N‐BK7® glass shows a limited linear increase in viscosity with increasing pressure of ~0.1 log10 (Pa·s)/100 MPa, which is in agreement with the most recent 2‐internal‐parameter relaxation model (based on experiments).
Comparison of clinical outcome of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma according to macrovascular invasion and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization refractory status
Authors: Kodama Kenichiro , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Inagaki Yuki , Hatooka Masahiro , Morio Kei , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Masaki Keiichi , Honda Yoji , Mori Nami , Takaki Shintaro , Tsuji Keiji , Kohno Hirotaka , Kohno Hiroshi , Moriya Takashi , Nonaka Michihiro , Hyogo Hideyuki , Aisaka Yasuyuki , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSorafenib is the standard treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with distant metastasis, unresectable HCC, and HCC refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or with macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI). Also, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been used for advanced HCC in Southeast and East Asian countries. However, clearer information is needed for choosing appropriately between these therapies.MethodsThe subjects were 391 HAIC and 431 sorafenibs administered at our hospital and related hospitals. In this case, cases that satisfy the following three conditions were targeted: (i) no extrahepatic metastasis, (ii) Child‐Pugh A, and (ii) not having received treatment of both HAIC and sorafenib during the course. As a result, 150 cases of HAIC and 134 cases of sorafenib were analyzed this time.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the HAIC and sorafenib groups. TACE refractory status and MVI were factors contributing to overall survival (OS). Therefore, this study divided all cases according to those variables. The median survival time of MVI‐positive and non‐TACE refractory cases was significantly better with HAIC (13 months) versus sorafenib (6 months). However, in MVI‐negative and TACE refractory cases, the median survival time of HAIC (8 months) was significantly poorer than for sorafenib (20 months).ConclusionTranscatheter arterial chemoembolization refractory status with HAIC and MVI with sorafenib were factors for poor prognosis. In particular, HAIC was significantly better than sorafenib as primary treatment in MVI and non‐TACE refractory cases. It is necessary to consider these factors in treatment selection.
Costs and outcomes of Lynch syndrome screening in the Australian colorectal cancer population
Authors: Cenin Dayna R , Naber Steffie K , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Jenkins Mark A , Buchanan Daniel D , Preen David B , Ee Hooi C , O'Leary Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimIndividuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) are at increased risk of LS‐related cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC tumor screening for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is recommended in Australia to identify LS, although its cost‐effectiveness has not been assessed. We aim to determine the cost‐effectiveness of screening individuals with CRC for LS at different age‐at‐diagnosis thresholds.MethodsWe developed a decision analysis model to estimate yield and costs of LS screening. Age‐specific probabilities of LS diagnosis were based on Australian data. Two CRC tumor screening pathways were assessed (MMR immunohistochemistry followed by MLH1 methylation (MLH1‐Pathway) or BRAF V600E testing (BRAF‐Pathway) if MLH1 expression was lost) for four age‐at‐diagnosis thresholds—screening < 50, screening < 60, screening < 70, and universal screening.ResultsPer 1000 CRC cases, screening < 50 identified 5.2 LS cases and cost $A7041 per case detected in the MLH1‐Pathway. Screening < 60 increased detection by 1.5 cases for an incremental cost of $A25 177 per additional case detected. Screening < 70 detected 1.6 additional cases at an incremental cost of $A40 278 per additional case detected. Compared with screening < 70, universal screening detected no additional LS cases but cost $A158 724 extra. The BRAF‐Pathway identified the same number of LS cases for higher costs.ConclusionsThe MLH1‐Pathway is more cost‐effective than BRAF‐Pathway for all age‐at‐diagnosis thresholds. MMR immunohistochemistry tumor screening in individuals diagnosed with CRC aged < 70 years resulted in higher LS case detection at a reasonable cost. Further research into the yield of LS screening in CRC patients ≥ 70 years is needed to determine if universal screening is justified.
Petrogenesis of kyanite‐ and corundum‐bearing mafic granulite in a meta‐ophiolite, SE Turkey
Authors: Awalt Mitchell B. , Whitney Donna L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough ophiolitic rocks are abundant in Anatolia (Turkey), only in rare cases have they experienced high‐grade metamorphism. Even more uncommon, in Anatolia and elsewhere are high‐grade meta‐ophiolites that retain an oceanic lithosphere stratigraphy from upper crustal mafic volcanic rocks through lower crustal gabbro to mantle peridotite. The Berit meta‐ophiolite of SE Turkey exhibits both features: from structurally higher to lower levels, it consists of garnet amphibolite (metabasalt), granulite facies metagabbro (as lenses in amphibolite inferred to be retrogressed granulite) and metaperidotite (locally with metapyroxenite layers). Whole‐rock major and trace‐element data indicate a tholeiitic protolith that formed in a suprasubduction setting. This paper presents new results for the metamorphic P–T conditions and path of oceanic lower crustal rocks in the Berit meta‐ophiolite, and an evaluation of the tectonic processes that may drive granulite facies metamorphism of ophiolite gabbro. In the Doğanşehir (Malatya, Turkey) region, granulite facies gabbroic rocks contain garnet (Grt)+clinopyroxene (Cpx)+plagioclase (Pl)+corundum (Crn)±orthopyroxene (Opx)±kyanite (Ky)±sapphirine (Spr)±rutile. Some exhibit symplectites consisting of Crn+Cpx, Ky+Cpx and/or coronas of garnet (outer shell) around a polygonal aggregate of clinopyroxene that in some cases surrounds a polygonal aggregate of orthopyroxene. Coronitic and non‐coronitic textures occur in proximity in mm‐ to cm‐scale layers; corona structures typically occur in plagioclase‐rich layers. Their formation is therefore related primarily to protolith type (troctolite v. gabbro) rather than P–T path. Phase diagrams calculated for a kyanite‐rich granulite, a plagioclase‐rich non‐coronitic granulite, and a plagioclase‐rich coronitic granulite (taking into account changes in effective bulk composition during texture development) predict peak conditions of ~800°C, 1.1–1.5 GPa; these conditions do not require invoking an unusually high geothermal gradient. In the coronitic metagabbro, reaction textures formed along the prograde path: Crn–Cpx symplectites grew at the expense of garnet, sapphirine and plagioclase. Peak conditions were followed by isobaric cooling of ~150°C. Hornblende–plagioclase thermometry results for host amphibolite (Hbl+Pl±Crn±Grt±relict Cpx) indicate retrograde conditions of 620–675°C and 0.5–0.8 GPa accompanied by infiltration of H2O‐rich fluid. This anticlockwise P–T path differs from an isothermal decompression path previously proposed for these rocks based on the presence of symplectite. Metamorphism of the ophiolitic rocks was driven by closing of the southern Neotethys Ocean, as oceanic lithosphere was obducted (most SE Anatolian ophiolites) or underthrust (Berit meta‐ophiolite). This was followed by subduction of a continental margin, driving cooling of the Berit granulite after the thermal peak at depths of ~40 km.
A Systematic Review and Integration of Concept Analyses of Self‐Care and Related Concepts
Authors: Matarese Maria , Lommi Marzia , De Marinis Maria Grazia , Riegel Barbara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review identified, synthesized, and integrated concept analyses on self‐care and related concepts.DesignThe guidelines for systematic literature reviews of the Joanna Briggs Institute were followed.MethodsThe Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases were searched for concept analyses published in the past 20 years.FindingsA total of 26 concept analyses were identified that had been published on self‐care, self‐care agency, self‐monitoring, self‐management, self‐management support, symptom management, and self‐efficacy. Differences and commonalities in the examined literature were identified, and a model was delineated, explaining the relations among the various concepts from the nursing perspective.ConclusionsThe healthcare literature has broadly described self‐care and related concepts; however, consensus on the definitions remains beyond our reach and should not be expected, due to the different perspectives and paradigms from which the concepts are interpreted. From a nursing perspective, self‐care can be considered a broad concept encompassing the other concepts, which describe more specific individual levels of activities and processes.Clinical RelevanceNurses are actively involved in disease management and self‐management support as well as in promoting self‐care in healthy and sick people. Referring to a model on self‐care and related concepts could avoid misinterpretations in nursing practice, research, and policy.
Feasibility of recruiting publicly insured children with special health care needs for a population‐based clinical study
Authors: Yoo Michael , Chi Donald L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAssess the feasibility of recruiting children with special health care needs (CSHCN) into a clinical study using Medicaid data.MethodsWe used the 3M Clinical Risk Grouping software to identify and classify Medicaid‐enrolled CSHCN ages 7‐17 years in Washington into one of three chronic condition severity groups: episodic, life‐long, or malignancy/catastrophic. We compared contact, recruitment, enrollment, and data completion proportions across severity groups using the Pearson chi‐square or Fisher's exact test.ResultsOf the 2,666 CSHSN in the Medicaid files, we contacted 922 and recruited 211 CSHCN (22.8 percent). One‐hundred‐thirteen made their study visit (53.6 percent) and 98 had complete data (86.7 percent). We contacted and recruited significantly larger proportions of CSHCN with malignancies/catastrophic conditions (P < 0.01). Across severity groups, there were no differences in enrollment (P = 0.27), but a smaller proportion of CSHCN with life‐long conditions had complete data (P = 0.03).ConclusionIt is feasible to recruit CSHCN from Medicaid files for clinical studies.
Evolution of a xenobiotic degradation pathway: formation and capture of the labile phthaloyl‐CoA intermediate during anaerobic phthalate degradation
Authors: Mergelsberg Mario , Egle Valentin , Boll Matthias 
Published: April 2018

SummaryXenobiotic phthalates are industrially produced on the annual million ton scale. The oxygen‐independent enzymatic reactions involved in anaerobic phthalate degradation have only recently been elucidated. In vitro assays suggested that phthalate is first activated to phthaloyl‐CoA followed by decarboxylation to benzoyl‐CoA. Here, we report the heterologous production and characterization of the enzyme initiating anaerobic phthalate degradation from ‘Aromatoleum aromaticum’: a highly specific succinyl‐CoA:phthalate CoA transferase (SPT, class III CoA transferase). Phthaloyl‐CoA formed by SPT accumulated only to sub‐micromolar concentrations due to the extreme lability of the product towards intramolecular substitution with a half‐life of around 7 min. Upon addition of excess phthaloyl‐CoA decarboxylase (PCD), the combined activity of both enzymes was drastically shifted towards physiologically relevant benzoyl‐CoA formation. In conclusion, a massive overproduction of PCD in phthalate‐grown cells to concentrations >140 μM was observed that allowed for efficient phthaloyl‐CoA conversion at concentrations 250‐fold below the apparent Km‐value of PCD. The results obtained provide insights into an only recently evolved xenobiotic degradation pathway where a massive cellular overproduction of PCD compensates for the formation of the probably most unstable CoA ester intermediate in biology.