bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Diamanti Antonella , Fusaro Fabio , Caldaro Tamara , Capriati Teresa , Candusso Manila , Nobili Valerio , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to evaluate long‐term nutritional outcomes and clinical characteristics in a cohort of children with pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (PIPO) at neonatal‐onset (NO‐PIPO) and at later‐onset (LO‐PIPO).Methods:All children fulfilling new PIPO criteria over a 30‐year period were reviewed. Baseline demographic and clinical features as well as nutritional outcomes were collected. Nutritional outcomes included overall survival, prevalence of enteral autonomy and parenteral nutrition (PN) dependency, rate of major PN complications, and growth course.Results:Forty‐four patients were still alive at the end of the follow‐up. Twenty‐five patients (57%) achieved enteral autonomy, whilst 18 remained on PN. Among the patients requiring PN at the beginning of the study period, we found that 55% (CI 34–70) has the probability of remaining on PN at the latest follow‐up. Prevalence of gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms (P < 0.01), urinary involvement (P < 0.05), stoma placements [gastrostomy (P < 0.01), ileostomy P < 0.05)] and complex gastrointestinal surgery (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in NO‐PIPO than in LO‐PIPO. The number of patients requiring long‐term PN (P < 0.001) and the number of PN days (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in NO‐PIPO, whilst the number of patients achieving enteral autonomy was significantly higher in LO‐PIPO (P < 0.05).Conclusions:In our study, we have reported the nutritional outcome of a cohort of children with PIPO over a 30‐year period showing that about 20% of patients develop irreversible intestinal failure requiring life‐long PN. Nutritional and clinical outcomes seem to be influenced by the time of onset of the disease.
Religiosity and Severity of Symptoms in Croatian Patients With Major Depressive Disorder or Schizophrenia
Authors: Kos Lana , Šagud Marina , Mihaljević-Peleš Alma , Kutleša Mislav , Kovač Tomislav , Trkulja Vladimir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We examined and compared the relationship between religiosity and symptom severity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) rated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and schizophrenia (rated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). The Duke University Religion Index, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith (SCSORF) questionnaire, and the Brief Religious Coping scale scores were similar between patients with MDD (n = 50) and patients with schizophrenia (n = 50). In patients with MDD, higher organizational religious activity (ORA) (estimate = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37–4.19; p = 0.020) and higher negative religious coping (estimate = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.03–0.84; p = 0.037) were independently associated with more severe symptoms. In patients with schizophrenia, higher ORA was associated with lower negative symptoms (estimate = −1.99, 95% CI = −3.94 to −0.03; p = 0.046). Higher SCSORF was associated with lower ORA in both patient subsets, and thus indirectly with milder symptoms in patients with MDD and with more severe negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between religiosity and symptom severity apparently differs in patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia.
Prediction of High-Grade Hip Joint Effusion With Simple Radiographs in Children
Authors: Cha Yunsik , Kang Michael Seungcheol , Park Soo-Sung 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of asymmetric joint space widening on simple radiographs for the presence of hip joint effusion in children with unilateral hip pain.

Methods
Sixty-eight patients aged 6 to 17 years with both simple radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging of both hips were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the predictive effects of radiographic surrogates for joint space widening on the presence of high-grade hip joint effusion. We also sought to investigate a predictive model for the presence of hip joint effusion with the patients' clinical and radiological data.

Results
Radiographic values showed high specificity but low sensitivity for the presence of high-grade joint effusion. On multivariate analysis, sex and the difference ratio of medial and superior gaps were independent predictive factors for unilateral high-grade hip joint effusion.

Conclusions
For children 6 years and older with asymmetric hip joint space widening on simple radiographs, further evaluations for the presence of hip joint effusion should be considered because of its high specificity. The predictability can improve if both medial and superior gaps, and sex are included in the evaluation. In girls, hip joint effusion seems to widen the joint space more easily than in boys, which may be owing to the more ligamentous laxity of and less musculature around the hip in girls. However, the risk of joint effusion should not be underestimated even if a child presents symmetry on the simple radiograph because of its low sensitivity and the possibility of bilateral involvements or early stage of diseases.
How Are Clinicians Treating Children With Sepsis in Emergency Departments in Latin America?
Authors: Kohn-Loncarica Guillermo A. , Fustiñana Ana L. , Jabornisky Roberto M. , Pavlicich Sonia V. , Prego-Pettit Javier , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Luna-Muñoz Consuelo R. , Casson Nils A. , Álvarez-Gálvez Eugenia A. , Zambrano Ibelice R. , Contreras-Núñez Cristina , Santos César M. , Paniagua-Lantelli Guadalupe , Gutiérrez Camilo E. , Amantea Sérgio L. , González-Dambrauskas Sebastián , Sánchez María José , Rino Pedro B. , Mintegi Santiago , Kissoon Niranjan ,   for the Red de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Emergencia Pediátrica Latinoamericana (RIDEPLA)
Published: May 2019

Objective
Guidelines adherence in emergency departments (EDs) relies partly on the availability of resources to improve sepsis care and outcomes. Our objective was to assess the management of pediatric septic shock (PSS) in Latin America's EDs and to determine the impact of treatment coordinated by a pediatric emergency specialist (PEMS) versus nonpediatric emergency specialists (NPEMS) on guidelines adherence.

Methods
Prospective, descriptive, and multicenter study using an electronic survey administered to PEMS and NPEMS who treat PSS in EDs in 14 Latin American countries.

Results
We distributed 2164 surveys with a response rate of 41.5%, of which 22.5% were PEMS. Overall American College of Critical Care Medicine reported guidelines adherence was as follows: vascular access obtained in 5 minutes, 76%; fluid infusion technique, 60%; administering 40 to 60 mL/kg within 30 minutes, 32%; inotropic infusion by peripheral route, 61%; dopamine or epinephrine in cold shock, 80%; norepinephrine in warm shock, 57%; and antibiotics within 60 minutes, 82%. Between PEMS and NPEMS, the following differences were found: vascular access in 5 minutes, 87.1% versus 72.7% (P < 0.01); fluid infusion technique, 72.3% versus 55.9% (P < 0.01); administering 40 to 60 mL/kg within 30 minutes, 42% versus 29% (P < 0.01); inotropic infusion by peripheral route, 75.7% versus 56.3% (P < 0.01); dopamine or epinephrine in cold shock, 87.1% versus 77.3% (P < 0.05); norepinephrine in warm shock, 67.8% versus 54% (P < 0.01); and antibiotic administration within first 60 minutes, 90.1% versus 79.3% (P < 0.01), respectively. Good adherence criteria were followed by 24%. The main referred barrier for sepsis care was a failure in its recognition, including the lack of triage tools.

Conclusions
In some Latin American countries, there is variability in self-reported adherence to the evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of PSS during the first hour. The coordination by PEMS support greater adherence to these recommendations.
Brief Report: Routine Use of Oral PrEP in a Phase 2 Rectal Microbicide Study of Tenofovir Reduced-Glycerin 1% Gel (MTN-017)
Authors: Liu Albert Y. , Norwood Aliza , Gundacker Holly , Carballo-Diéguez Alex , Johnson Sherri , Patterson Karen , Bekker Linda-Gail , Chariyalertsak Suwat , Chitwarakorn Anupong , Gonzales Pedro , Holtz Timothy H. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Zorrilla Carmen , Buchbinder Susan , Piper Jeanna M. , Lama Javier R. , Cranston Ross D. ,   on behalf of the Microbicide Trials Network-017 Team
Published: May 2019

Background:
As daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) becomes standard for HIV prevention, routine use of PrEP is likely to increase within clinical trials of novel preventive agents. We describe the prevalence and characteristics of participants reporting nonstudy oral PrEP use within Microbicide Trials Network-017 (MTN-017), a phase 2 trial of a rectal microbicide.

Setting and Methods:
One hundred ninety-five HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men and transgender women were enrolled and followed in MTN-017 across 8 sites in the United States, Thailand, South Africa, and Peru from 2013 to 2015. Nonstudy oral PrEP use was recorded on case report forms and progress notes. Characteristics of PrEP users and non-PrEP users were compared using tests of statistical significance.

Results:
Overall, 11% of participants reported nonstudy oral PrEP use, all from the San Francisco (SF) site, accounting for 58% (22/38) of participants enrolled in SF. There was a higher median number of sex partners reported in the past 8 weeks before enrollment among oral PrEP users vs. nonusers (7 vs. 2, P = 0.02). Most PrEP users (18/22, 82%) began PrEP treatment during screening/after enrollment, and most (19/22, 86%) decided to continue oral PrEP after study completion.

Conclusion:
Nonstudy oral PrEP use in the first phase 2 study of tenofovir reduced-glycerin 1% gel was high at a single site in SF where community PrEP availability and use was expanding. Investigators should consider the evolving context of nonstudy oral PrEP use across trial sites when designing and interpreting trials of novel biomedical prevention modalities.
Paradoxical Early Increase in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake Following Cryoablation for Local Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Mariotti Guilherme Cayres , Cunha Marcelo Livorsi , Carneiro Arie , Smaletz Oren , Baroni Ronaldo Hueb , Garcia Rodrigo Gobbo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report a case of a 43-year-old man who underwent a radical prostatectomy 3 years before the procedure (June 2015) for a locally advanced Gleason 7(4 + 3) prostate adenocarcinoma (pT3aN0), with negative surgical margins, followed by salvage radiotherapy. He also underwent antiandrogen therapy for biochemical relapse (bicalutamide) from October 2016 through May 2017, but prostate-specific antigen continued to rise (2.5 ng/mL [December 2017] and 3.3 ng/mL [February 2018]). At this point, he underwent a 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT, and after multidisciplinary discussion, the therapeutic option chosen was image-guided salvage cryoablation.
Massive Bilateral Neck Abscess and Acute Mediastinitis Following Dental Implant Surgery
Authors: Cariati Paolo , Perez de Perceval Tara Miguel , Fernandez Solis Jose , Martinez Lara Ildefoso 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Dental implantology is the most popular choice for the treatment of partial or total edentulism. However, in spite of its apparent simplicity, it represents a procedure that requires adequate surgical knowledge and remarkable technical skills. There are a number of potential complications related to dental implant surgery and some of these can be particularly dangerous. The most common and early complications of implant surgery are infection, implant migration, and implant rupture, and the patient could even swallow drills and other surgical instruments. Hence, it is important to implement special safety and sterility measures. The main aim of the present report is to present a case of massive bilateral cervical abscess and mediastinitis related to dental implant surgery. To our knowledge, there are only 2 cases in the literature that describe this type of complication in the field of oral implantol.
Efficacy and Safety of Patient-controlled Analgesia Compared With Epidural Analgesia After Open Hepatic Resection
Authors: Li Jennifer , Pourrahmat Mir-Masoud , Vasilyeva Elizaveta , Kim Peter TW , Osborn Jill , Wiseman Sam M. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To compare the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to epidural analgesia in adults undergoing open hepatic resection.

Background:
Effective pain management in patients undergoing open hepatic resection is often achieved with epidural analgesia. However, associated risks have prompted investigation of alternative analgesic methods in this patient population.

Methods:
A comprehensive systematic literature review via Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane databases from inception until December 2, 2017 was conducted, followed by meta-analysis. Abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by 2 investigators. Odds ratios (OR), mean differences (MD), and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using RevMan 5.3.

Results:
Four randomized controlled trials with 278 patients were identified. All studies compared the use of PCA to epidural, with differing regimens. Pooled MD and 95% confidence interval for pain score were higher for PCA at rest 24 hours postoperatively (0.59 [0.30, 0.88]), and with movement at 48 hours postoperatively (0.95 [0.31, 1.60]. Pooled MD for hospital length of stay was 1.23 days (−2.72, 5.19). Pooled OR was 0.68 (0.36, 1.3) and 0.24 (0.04, 1.36) for overall and analgesia-related complications, respectively. Need for blood transfusion had a pooled OR of 1.14 (0.31, 4.18).

Conclusions:
Epidural analgesia was observed to be superior to PCA for pain control in patients undergoing open hepatic resection, with no significant difference in hospital length of stay, complications, or transfusion requirements. Thus, epidural analgesia should be the preferred method for the management of postoperative pain in this patient population.
Perceptions of Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease Among Community-Dwelling, Nondemented Older African Americans
Authors: Glover Crystal M. , CoCroft Shelytia , James Bryan D. , Barnes Lisa L. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
Heightened Alzheimer disease (AD) risk among African Americans represents a racial disparity in aging. This study examines perceptions of AD risk factors among nondemented older African Americans.

Methods:
Participants indicated how important nine factors were in increasing one’s AD risk using a Likert-type scale with endpoints 1=not at all important to 4=extremely important. We examined perceptions of AD risk factors as a function of age, education, gender, and global cognition using separate logistic regression models.

Patients:
Participants were from The Minority Aging Research Study (N=610) with a mean age of 74.5 years, a mean education of 14.9 years, and 24% were men.

Results:
Of the AD risk factors, predictors were significantly related to genetics and God’s Will. Younger participants (est.=−0.06, P=0.02) and those with more education (est.=0.14, P=0.02) were more likely to report genetics as extremely important. Participants with more education were less likely to indicate God’s Will as extremely important (est.=−0.14, P<0.0005).

Conclusions:
Among older African Americans, age and education were important characteristics for the perception of AD risk factors. Findings can facilitate designing effective, culturally competent educational tools for meaningful engagement with older African Americans about AD.
SavvyCNV: genome-wide CNV calling from off-target reads
Authors: Laver Thomas W , De Franco Elisa , Johnson Matthew B , Patel Kashyap , Ellard Sian , Weedon Michael N , Flanagan Sarah E , Wakeling Matthew N 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIdentifying copy number variants (CNVS) can provide diagnoses to patients and provide important biological insights into human health and disease. Current exome and targeted sequencing approaches cannot detect clinically and biologically-relevant CNVs outside their target area. We present SavvyCNV, a tool which uses off-target read data to call CNVs genome-wide. Up to 70% of sequencing reads from exome and targeted sequencing fall outside the targeted regions - SavvyCNV exploits this ‘free data’.We benchmarked SavvyCNV using truth sets generated from genome sequencing data and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assays. SavvyCNV called CNVs with high precision and recall, outperforming five state-of-the-art CNV callers at calling CNVs genome-wide using off-target or on-target reads from targeted panel and exome sequencing. Furthermore SavvyCNV was able to call previously undetected clinically-relevant CNVs from targeted panel data highlighting the utility of this tool within the diagnostic setting. SavvyCNV is freely available.
Subcellular analyses of planarian meiosis implicates a novel, double-membraned vesiculation process in nuclear envelope breakdown
Authors: Guo Longhua , Guo Fengli , Zhang Shasha , Yi Kexi , McClain Melainia , Kuhn Claus-D. , Parmely Tari , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cell nuclei of Ophisthokonts, the eukaryotic supergroup defined by fungi and metazoans, is remarkable in the constancy of both their double-membraned structure and protein composition. Such remarkable structural conservation underscores common and ancient evolutionary origins. Yet, the dynamics of disassembly and reassembly displayed by Ophisthokont nuclei vary extensively. Besides closed mitosis in fungi and open mitosis in some animals, little is known about the evolution of nuclear envelope break down (NEBD) during cell division. Here, we uncovered a novel form of NEBD in primary oocytes of the flatwormSchmidtea mediterranea. From zygotene to metaphase II, both nuclear envelope (NE) and peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expand notably in size, likely involvingde novomembrane synthesis. 3-D electron microscopy reconstructions demonstrated that the NE transforms itself into numerous double-membraned vesicles similar in membrane architecture to NE doublets in mammalian oocytes after germinal vesicle breakdown. The vesicles are devoid of nuclear pore complexes and DNA, yet are loaded with nuclear proteins, including a planarian homologue of PIWI, a protein essential for the maintenance of stem cells in this and other organisms. Our data contribute a new model to the canonical view of NE dynamics and support that NEBD is an evolutionarily adaptable trait in multicellular organisms.
Microstructural white matter and links with subcortical structures in chronic schizophrenia: A free-water imaging approach
Authors: Gurholt Tiril P. , Haukvik Unn K. , Lonning Vera , Jönsson Erik G. , Pasternak Ofer , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with often a chronic course. Neuroimaging studies report brain abnormalities in both white and gray matter structures. However, the relationship between microstructural white matter differences and volumetric subcortical structures is not known.We investigated 30 long-term treated patients with schizophrenia (mean age 51.1±7.9 years, illness duration 27.6±8.0 years) and 42 healthy controls (mean age 54.1±9.1 years) using 3 T diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging. The free-water imaging method was used to model the diffusion signal, and subcortical volumes were obtained from FreeSurfer. We applied multiple linear regression to investigate associations between (i) patient status and regional white matter microstructure, (ii) medication dose or clinical symptoms on white matter microstructure in patients, and (iii) for interactions between subcortical volumes and diagnosis for microstructural white matter regions showing significant patient-control differences.The patients had significantly decreased free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt), explained by decreased axial diffusivity and increased radial diffusivity (RDt) bilaterally in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) compared to controls. In the fornix, the patients had significantly increased RDt. In patients, positive symptoms were associated with localized increased free-water and negative symptoms with localized decreased FAtand increased RDt. There were significant interactions between patient status and several subcortical structures on white matter microstructure and the free-water compartment for left ACR and fornix, and limited to the free-water compartment for right ACR and left ALIC. The Cohen’s d effect sizes were medium to large (0.61 to 1.20, absolute values).The results suggest a specific pattern of frontal white matter axonal degeneration and demyelination and fornix demyelination that is attenuated in the presence of larger structures of the limbic system in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Findings warrants replication in larger samples.
Is useful research data usually shared? An investigation of genome-wide association study summary statistics
Authors: Thelwall Mike A. , Munafò Marcus , Bleda Amalia Mas , Stuart Emma , Makita Meiko , Weigert Verena , Keene Chris , Khan Nushrat , Drax Katie , Kousha Kayvan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrimary data collected during a research study is increasingly shared and may be re-used for new studies. To assess the extent of data sharing in favourable circumstances and whether such checks can be automated, this article investigates the summary statistics of primary human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This type of data is highly suitable for sharing because it is a standard research output, is straightforward to use in future studies (e.g., for secondary analysis), and may be already stored in a standard format for internal sharing within multi-site research projects. Manual checks of 1799 articles from 2010 and 2017 matching a simple PubMed query for molecular epidemiology GWAS were used to identify 330 primary human GWAS papers. Of these, only 10.6% reported the location of a complete set of GWAS summary data, increasing from 4.3% in 2010 to 16.8% in 2017. Whilst information about whether data was shared was usually located clearly within a data availability statement, the exact nature of the shared data was usually unspecified. Thus, data sharing is the exception even in suitable research fields with relatively strong norms regarding data sharing. Moreover, the lack of clear data descriptions within data sharing statements greatly complicates the task of automatically characterising shared data sets.