bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting sweetpotato production to changing climate in Mozambique
Authors: Makunde Godwill S. , Andrade Maria I. , Menomussanga Joana , Grüneberg Wolfgang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Vines are the major source of planting material in sweetpotato. Extended dry spells hinder conservation of vines and in turn affect the availability of planting material at the onset of rains in southern Africa. In some cases, improved sweetpotato germplasm has been lost by smallholder farmers in Mozambique due to prolonged dry spells. Small to medium roots provide an opportunity to conserve germplasm and get planting material at the beginning of the rainy season. The objectives of the study were to (i) measure sprouting ability of diverse germplasm of sweetpotato - farmer varieties, improved clones and released varieties and (ii) estimate their ability to provide planting material for the next crop in southern Mozambique. Trials with 29 genotypes were established in a randomized complete block design with two replications at Umbeluzi Research Station and Nwalate Farm in 2015, 2016 and 2017. At harvest, 14 small to medium roots were selected and stored in small plastic dishes filled with dry sand at Nwalate Farm. After four months in storage, 10 similar roots were taken and planted in 1 m row plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The trials were irrigated to initiate sprouting and support plant growth during the first four weeks. Data collected were analysed using SAS 1996. All the tested genotypes sprouted after sowing. The number of sprouts per root were significantly affected by the genotype, location and genotype x location x year interactions. Caelan had the most sprouts per root. Sprout length measured at six weeks after sprouting was also significantly affected by genotype, location, year and genotype x location x year interactions. Caelan had vines each long enough to provide 10 cuttings of 10 cm length for rapid multiplication. The number of cuttings depended on the growth habit of the variety. Irene, a popular variety in Mozambique, is erect and bushy and could only provide four cuttings over the same period. Growth habit especially under a changing climate should be considered in breeding programs as an option of facilitating a sustainable and easy seed system.
Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences part XXIV. Properties and units in clinical molecular genetics (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Petersen Ulla M. , Padró-Miquel Ariadna , Taylor Graham , Hertz Jens Michael , Ceder Rebecca , Fuentes-Arderiu Xavier , den Dunnen Johan T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This document describes the application of the syntax, semantic rules, and format of the Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) terminology for coded dedicated kinds-of-property in the subject field of clinical molecular genetics. A vocabulary for NPU definitions in this field, based on international terminology and nomenclature, is introduced and examples of actual NPU definitions for different types of investigations are given and explained.
Optical oxygen sensing with quantum dot conjugates
Authors: Lemon Christopher M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The ability to track and quantify changes in oxygen concentration as a function of disease progression or therapy is crucial to advance targeted chemotherapeutics. New non-invasive sensors must be developed that are small enough to penetrate into tissue and monitor dynamic changes with high resolution in real time. One way to address this challenge is with the use of nanoparticle-based sensors. This review details the design, synthesis, and characterization of optical oxygen sensors that combine a fluorescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD) with an oxygen-responsive phosphorescent molecule. The QD may have multifaceted roles in these constructs, serving as an internal standard for ratiometric sensing, as an antenna for multiphoton absorption, and as an energy transfer donor for the attendant phosphorescent molecule. Solid-state devices may be prepared by embedding the two components in a polymer matrix. Alternatively, solution-phase sensors can be synthesized by covalent conjugation, self-assembly in organic solvents, or micelle encapsulation in aqueous media. Several sensors have been used for biological imaging and oxygen sensing, demonstrating that these constructs can quantify oxygen in biological systems.
Redox sorption of Ce(III)/Ce(IV) on potassium bismuthate
Authors: Hassan R. S. , Hassan H. S. , Elmaghraby Elsayed K. , Borai E. H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Potassium bismuthate rods was synthesized in a form of elongated rods in non-aqueous methanol medium. The material morphology and structure were investigated using energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of annealing temperature on the material morphology and structure were investigated. Sorption kinetic study and ionic selectivity was investigated using batch technique. The sorption of Ce3+ on potassium bismuthate was found to be Ce3+ cation’s ionic state selective process. Results showed that the chemical sorption of Ce3+ ionic state in KBiO3 follows the reduction of Bi5+ to Bi2− as a result of the formation of cerium bismuthide

(

Ce

2

3
+

Bi

2
−

O
2

)
.

$({\rm{Ce}}_2^{3 + }{\rm{B}}{{\rm{i}}^{2 - }}{{\rm{O}}_2}).$

The suggested chemo-sorption mechanism includes equilibration parallel processes of the released K+ to form K2CeO2 and Bi2O3 that consumes the original material. The sorption kinetic has two different orders depending on contact time, isotherms fits adequately with Freundlich model and Dubinin-Radushkevich model. The material is considered a candidate for lanthanides radioactivity removal from aqueous media for radioactive waste disposal processes.
Synthesis of isotope – labeled selective PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (UK 92480-10)
Authors: Bolla R. Sekhar , Gulipalli Kali Charan , Gandikota N. Murthy , Bodige Srinu , Viswanath I. V. Kasi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sildenfil a vasodilating agent is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate – specific phosphodiesterase type 5 which is used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. We presented a detailed approach for the synthesis of [2H3]sildenafil, [2H8]sildenafil and N-desmethyl [2H8]sildenafil. By using the approach we successfully synthesized [2H3]sildenafil, [2H8]sildenafil and N-desmethyl [2H8]sildenafil with good isotopic abundance.
Evaluation of gamma-ray attenuation properties of lithium borate glasses doped with barite, limonite and serpentine
Authors: Yıldız Yorgun Nergiz , Kavaz Esra , Oto Berna , Akdemir Fatma 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The values of mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number and the electron density of barite-doped, limonite-doped, serpentine-doped and undoped lithium borate glasses were obtained not only from experimental study using the narrow beam transmission method for 81, 121, 244, 276, 344, 383, 444 and 778 keV gamma energies with Hp-Ge detector, but also therotical work by WinXCom software (1 keV–105 MeV). From the obtained results, all glasses type mass attenuation coefficient values tend to decrease under the condition of increasing energy by means of varied interaction mechanism in different energy regions. In addition, the effect of chemical composition on shielding properties was also investigated. It is inferred that doping element with high atomic number improves the gamma rays shielding properties of system. Among the investigated samples, barite-doped lithium borate glasses have highest value of mass attenuation, which makes barite-doped samples good candidates for artificial radiation application where visual detection is especially required.
Cannabidiol effects on prepulse inhibition in nonhuman primates
Authors: Saletti Patricia G. , Tomaz Carlos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex is a well-established behavior paradigm to measure sensorimotor gating deficits. PPI is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. PPI tests can be used to screen new drugs for treatment of such disorders. In this review, we discuss how PPI paradigm can help in screening the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol (CBD). We look into recent literature about CBD effects on PPI response in animal models, especially in nonhuman primates. CBD has been shown to modify PPI inN-methyld-aspartate receptor antagonist models for schizophrenia, both in rodents and in nonhuman primates. These results show CBD as a potential drug for the treatment of neurologic disorders that present alterations in sensorimotor system, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, the PPI paradigm seems to be a useful and relative simple paradigm to test the efficacy of CBD as a potential therapeutic drug.
Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy
Authors: Kheiri Ghazaleh , Dolatshahi Mahsa , Rahmani Farzaneh , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, manyin vivoandin vitrostudies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compoundsSB202190andSB203580have shown promising anti-apoptotic resultsin vivo. MW108inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. ThePD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memoryin vivo. Natural compounds fromCamellia sinensis(green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
Quantum white noise Feynman–Kac formula
Authors: Ettaieb Aymen , Turki Khalifa Narjess , Ouerdiane Habib 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we give a probabilistic representation of the heat equation associated with the quantum K-Gross Laplacian using
infinite-dimensional stochastic calculus in two variables. Applying the heat semigroup to the particular case where the operator is the multiplication one, we establish a relation between the classical and the quantum heat semigroup. Finally, using a
combination between convolution calculus and the generalized stochastic calculus, we give a generalization of the Feynman–Kac
formula.
Douala as a “hybrid space”: Comparing online and offline representations of a sub-Saharan city
Authors: Pucciarelli Marta , Vannini Sara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the complex relationship between the physical and digital spaces of the city of Douala, Cameroon by comparing its online representation with the social representations emerging orally by locals. Using the results of two existing studies reporting on the online image of the city, we investigate the social representations foreigners and locally relevant people have of Douala and uncover similarities and discrepancies of the two resulting representations. Outcomes from the analysis permit reflection on the implications of these and show an unripe, intermediate stage of the “hybrid Douala,” where the virtual space seems still not to be affecting the way the physical space is experienced, as well as where the gaps in the digital divide are perpetuated. At the same time, strong local ownership of certain digital activities suggests how the online image of the city is in the process of being constructed and developed locally. As the spaces of the city start appearing online, the process of hybridization between physical and digital Douala is slowly taking place and offline and online narratives, now rather separated, will possibly communicate a different image of the city to global online narratives.
La définition : construction d’une catégorie (linguistique ? discursive ?) dans différents espaces de discours
Authors: Garric Nathalie 
Published: May 2018

RésuméLes linguistes adoptant des objets transphrastiques travaillent avec des unités qui coïncident rarement avec les catégories traditionnelles. Ces unités ne sont pas une donnée déjà là, elles le deviennenta posterioripar le travail analytique. Il en va ainsi de la définition à laquelle nous nous intéressons en termes decatégorie discursivedans trois contextes discursifs, – le roman épistolaire, le slogan publicitaire et l’article de journal – pour observer comment elle contribue à l’analyse des discours. L’objectif vise à la contextualiser dans différents univers discursifs, qui lui affectent une pertinence singulière, déterminée par les effets de généricité à l’œuvre dans le corpus et par les autres catégories construites par la textualité. Il s’agit de montrer quels sont les indices qui concourent à son identification, en nous attachant au caractère hétérogène de ces unités, et que ces catégories ne deviennent discursives que dans le mouvement de l’interprétation. Ce dernier consiste à les situer par rapport à une finalité inscrite dans la compétence générique des interactants et dans leurs représentations socio-idéologiques. Nous découvrirons que la définition n’a d’existence que dans son interaction avec d’autres unités, mais également que cette interaction nécessaire à l’identification du procédé discursif résultant participe à la construction de nouveaux indices.
Semiose des Wunderbaren in Hagiographie und Märchen
Authors: Daiber Thomas 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe Lives of Saints as well as fairy-tales eventually tell of animals which have the gift to speak. The categorization of phenomena like speaking animals is dependent on the epistemic structure of the narrated world. On the example of ‘speaking deers’ the paper outlines, that in hagiographic literature speaking animals are reported as miracles, which are to testify either the holiness of a place or the person they are speaking to. On the contrary, in fairy-tales speaking animals are part of the expected actors to appear in the structure of the narrated world and are not marked as miracles, at all. Consequently, the semiotic status of such phenomena can be differentiated: hagiography tends to symbolical or metaphorical meaning, fairy-tales to allegoric meaning. The difference between symbolic and metaphorical meaning in hagiography is shown in comparing two episodes including a speaking deer as if Christ himself is speaking. InVita Placida, the deer has the specific and contextually supported gnostic meaning ‘soul’, while inVita Hubertithe deer only takes iconically induced metaphoric meaning (wearing cross-like antlers = carrying the cross), but in the fairy-tale the deer is an allegory of a human character trait and thus can be substituted by another allegory without change of context.
Shifting animacy
Authors: de Swart Peter , de Hoop Helen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We examine the effects of morphosyntactic marking and selectional restrictions of predicates on conceptual and grammatical animacy. We argue in favour of animacy as an ontological category with human, animate and inanimate entities representing discrete subtypes in the domain of entities. We distinguish between conceptual animacy, which is a gradient notion, and grammatical animacy, for which discrete, binary oppositions are needed. The main aim of this paper is to argue for a distinction between overt and covert type shifts in animacy. On the one hand, overt shifts are linguistic solutions to type mismatches in the grammar. Crucially, these type shifts do not involve a shift in conceptual animacy. Covert animacy shifts, on the other hand, brought about by selectional restrictions or by the linguistic context in general, do involve a proper type shift in conceptual animacy. By making explicit the relation between the gradience of conceptual and the discreteness of grammatical animacy, and by exploring the distinction between covert and overt type shifts that involve animacy, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of animacy and its effects on language.
Modes of Public Governance: A Typology Toward a Conceptual Modeling
Authors: Kong Dongsung , Yoon Kiwoong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article defines public governance as the overall process of decision-making and implementation in solving public problems in a country, where public agencies or institutions initiate the process or are at least partially involved in the process. Under this definition, public governance can be classified into three modes according to the outcome: legal governance, performance-based governance, and consensus-oriented governance. Legal governance is a mode of governance close to Max Weber’s bureaucracy. Performance-based governance has focuses on how effectively and/or efficiently policy goals are achieved through decision-making and implementation. Finally, consensus-oriented governance is a mode of governance that calls for a political process to deal with various and conflicting interests. These three modes are different in terms of: who decides; the role of bureaucrats; the methods of decision making; and the nature of the interactions among actors. The critical factors that have a significant impact on the outcome of governance vary with each mode. Although in the real world, these three modes are often mixed and interrelated, it is necessary to distinguish them because it helps systematically analyze the phenomenon of governance. These three modes are particularly useful for understanding and analyzing the reality of governance in Korea and developing countries.
Variation and its determinants: A corpus-based study of German schwa in the letters of Goethe
Authors: Fleischer Jürg , Cysouw Michael , Speyer Augustin , Wiese Richard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper studies some factors governing the presence or absence of word-final schwa in German.
To obtain data as homogeneous as possible we focus on three adverbs outside morphological paradigms, namely,
heut(e) ‘today’, gern(e) ‘willingly’, and bald(e) ‘soon’, in one particular text
type, the letters written by one and the same person, the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832). Apart from
lexical differences between the items studied and change over time, various phonological factors are shown to be
important, most prominently the accent pattern of the following word (schwa tends to be present if the first syllable of the
following word is accentuated), foot structure, and the initial segment of the following word. Statistical analyses, both for
the individual factors and their (potential) interactions, reveal significant patterns at work behind the variation. For
gern(e) the most important factors are purely phonological while for heut(e) the type
of the following boundary and the position in the sentence is crucial.
Das Doppelperfekt: Theorie und Empirie
Authors: Zybatow Tatjana , Weskott Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article concentrates on the German double perfect forms and tries to find an answer to the following
question: is it possible to show that – contrary to traditional assumptions – the German double perfect is a
systematical and therefore acceptable verbal form of German? First, the question will be substantiated by
four experiments and will get an empirical answer. Secondly, a syntactic and semantic analysis of the
double forms will be proposed and the empirical data will be discussed in view of this proposal.
Antimalarial activity of the isolates from the marine sponge Hyrtios erectus against the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ju Eunsin , Latif Abdul , Kong Chang-Suk , Seo Youngwan , Lee Yeon-Ju , Dalal Seema R. , Cassera Maria B. , Kingston David G.I. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This work reports the isolation of the three known compounds, smenotronic acid (1), ilimaquinone (2), and pelorol (3), from the 85% methanol (MeOH)-soluble fraction of the sponge Hyrtios erectus. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined with the help of modern spectroscopic techniques, and the resulting compounds were then subjected to in vitro screening to determine their antimalarial potential against the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Amongst the three compounds, pelorol (3) showed significant activity against P. falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM. For smenotronic acid (1) and ilimaquinone (2), moderate activities were observed with IC50 values of 3.51 and 2.11 μM, respectively.
Volumetric, Viscosity and Conductance Studies of Solute–Solute and Solute–Solvent Interactions of Some Alkali Metal Chlorides in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kant Shashi , Kaushal Deepika 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The present study aims for the structure-making and structure-breaking behavior of some electrolytes in aqueous citric acid solution. The density, viscosity and conductance of some alkali metal chlorides lithium chloride (LiCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) in 0.01 m aqueous citric acid have been measured in the concentration range 0.01–0.12 m at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. From these measurements, molar volume, viscosity parameters and molar conductance have been deliberated. Debye Hückel limiting law is used for the assessment of the contributions of various types of solute–solvent interactions. Jones–Dole viscosity equation is used to calculate viscosity B-coefficient for these salts in aqueous citric acid, which is known to provide information concerning the solvation of ions and their effects on the structure of the solvent in the near environment of the solute particles. The free energies of activation of viscous flow per mole of solvent,

Δ

μ
1

0
‡

$\Delta \mu _1^{0\ddagger }$

and solute,

Δ

μ
2

0
‡

,

$\Delta \mu _2^{0\ddagger },$

have also been evaluated by using viscosity data. Using molar volume, the transfer volume Фv
o
tr has also been computed. The structure making/ breaking behavior of LiCl, NaCl and KCl is inferred from the sign of second derivative of partial molar volume with respect to temperature at constant pressure (d2φv
o/dT2)p, Temperature coefficient of B. dB/dT and temperature coefficient of Walden product i.e. d(Λm
oηo)/dT values. It has been found from these studies that LiCl, NaCl and KCl behave as structure-breaker in 0.01 m aqueous citric acid solution. The results have been qualitatively used to explain the molecular interaction and structural changes between the components of these mixtures.