bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room temperature photoluminescence of PbS quantum dots: Capping agent and thermal effect
Authors: Kong Ha‐Sung , Kim Byoung‐Ju , Kang Kwang‐Sun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe most efficient method for obtaining high concentration, monodispersed quantum dots is the sol gel method. This manuscript reports room temperature photoluminescence (PL) of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots with the effect of a capping agent. Lead sulfide quantum dots were prepared from a waveguide sol gel material with an organic–inorganic capping agent. The quantum dots were made using silica, a photoreactive methylmethacrylate group and a zirconia sol gel solution to give various concentrations of PbS quantum dots. UV–visible absorption spectra linearly increased with increasing PbS quantum dot concentration up to 10 649 ppm, after which increase was nonlinear. At room temperature, strong photoluminescence was achieved with a weak excitation light source, and the intensity increased almost linearly. This indicated that the quantum dots were distributed uniformly in the sol gel matrix. The thermal process slightly reduced the luminescence intensity. A red shift due to band gap energy was observed from 1.55 eV to 1.49 eV.
Liposome permeability probed by laser light scattering
Authors: Silverstein Todd P. , Williamson J. Charles 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have developed a laboratory project in which students prepare liposomes, expose them to hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic solutions, and follow the resulting shrinking and swelling (respectively) with laser light scattering. Each light intensity transient can be fit to an exponential decline or rise, with the decay constant (k) and the amplitude (ΔVmax) being indirectly related to the kinetics and thermodynamics (respectively) of transmembrane osmotic flux. Students vary the experimental system by changing the types and concentrations of osmolytes such as alcohols, amides, and salts. Students then compare how these changes alter the rate and extent of osmotic flux. This upper division biochemistry laboratory project is a challenging and rewarding one that exposes students to a biomolecule (lipid) and a spectroscopic technique (laser spectroscopy) that are not commonly used in the undergraduate laboratory setting. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):239–246, 2019.
Prediction of human intestinal absorption using micellar liquid chromatography with an aminopropyl stationary phase
Authors: Shokry Dina S. , Waters Laura J. , Parkes Gareth M.B. , Mitchell John C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe extent of human intestinal absorption (HIA) for a drug is considered to be an important pharmacokinetic parameter which must be determined for orally administered drugs. Traditional experimental methods relied upon animal testing and are renowned for being time consuming and expensive as well as being ethically unfavourable. As a result, the development of alternative methods to evaluate a drug's pharmacokinetics is crucial. Micellar liquid chromatography is considered to be one of these methods that can replace the use of animals in the prediction of HIA. In this study, the combination of an aminopropyl column with the biosurfactant sodium deoxycholate bile salt was used in the experimental determination of micelle–water partition coefficients (log Pmw) for a group of compounds. Multiple linear regression was then used for the prediction of HIA using the experimentally determined log Pmw along with other molecular descriptors, leading to the construction of a model equation of R2 = 85% and a prediction power represented by R2Pred. = 72%. The use of micellar liquid chromatography with an aminopropyl column in combination with sodium deoxycholate was found to be a good method for the prediction of human intestinal absorption, providing data for a far wider range of compounds compared with previous studies.
Consequences of a green image of drone food delivery services: The moderating role of gender and age
Authors: Hwang Jinsoo , Kim Hyunjoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrone food delivery services play a significant role in protecting the environment, because the services are operated by batteries that can be charged with electricity. Therefore, this study tried to examine a green image in the context of drone food delivery services. More specifically, this study proposed that a green image of drone food delivery services plays an important role in the formation of attitude toward using the services. In addition, it was hypothesized that the attitude has a positive influence on behavioral intentions including intentions to use, word‐of‐mouth intentions, and willingness to pay more. Lastly, the moderating role of gender and age was proposed during the theory‐building process. A theoretical model, which included 12 hypotheses, was developed and tested using a total of 427 samples collected in Korea. The data analysis results showed that a green image of drone food delivery services has a positive influence on attitude toward using the services, which in turn positively affects three subdimensions of behavioral intentions. Furthermore, gender and age played partly as a moderator. The current paper was the first to study the green image of drone food delivery services, so the findings of this study mean a lot to the theoretical aspect.
Intergenerational Transmission of Domestic Violence: Practitioners' Perceptions and Experiences of Working with Adult Victims and Perpetrators in the UK
Authors: Wagner Jessica , Jones Steph , Tsaroucha Anna , Cumbers Holly 
Published: February 2019

Practitioners' preconceived ideas about service users can lead to prejudice and labelling, and ultimately may result in biased services. This paper reports on a UK‐based qualitative research study exploring the views and experiences of practitioners working with adult victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. It examines whether or not practitioners believe that childhood experiences of witnessing domestic violence indicate the likelihood of domestic violence in adulthood. It further explores practitioners' perceptions of factors contributing to the experiences of domestic violence amongst their service users. Twelve semi‐structured interviews were conducted with practitioners working in the domestic violence field, and thematic analysis was used to analyse their responses. The data did not indicate a general consensus on the matter of children becoming victims or perpetrators based on their childhood experiences of domestic violence. Participants' responses indicated that they thought the issue was more complex. Common themes that participants consider important to children's development of healthy/unhealthy relationships in this context were identified in the data. These included: an awareness of service users' individuality; the importance of meaningful support networks; and an understanding of the risk amongst their service users to normalise abusive behaviour.‘[Explores] the views and experiences of practitioners working with adult victims and perpetrators of domestic violence’Key Practitioner Messages

Not all children witnessing domestic violence will inevitably become victims or perpetrators of abuse in adulthood.
Perpetrating domestic violence in adulthood is often associated with a combination of various factors and circumstances, and can rarely be attributed to just one past experience.
Assessments and holistic and judgement‐free services provided by practitioners are vital for children to develop positive and healthy future relationships.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein promotes vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by stimulating miR‐496 expression and inhibiting the Hippo pathway effector YAP
Authors: Hu Jun , Liu Te , Zhang Zhuang , Xu Yawei , Zhu Fu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) can damage vascular endothelial cells and cause atherosclerosis, but its epigenetic regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We show that ox‐LDL induced significant apoptosis and loss of function in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). At the same time, ox‐LDL significantly decreased the expression of Hippo–YAP/ZAP (Yes‐associated protein/YLP motif–containing 1) pathway proteins as compared to that of the control. The luciferase reporter system confirmed that microRNA (miR)‐496 silenced YAP gene expression by binding to its 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Ox‐LDL–treated miR‐496 overexpression HUVECs had a higher apoptosis rate and more severe dysfunction compared to the control cells. This in‐depth study shows that ox‐LDL inhibits YAP protein expression by inducing miR‐496 expression, leading to its inability to enter the nucleus, thereby losing its function as a transcriptional cofactor for activating the downstream genes. Our findings reveal that, through epigenetic modification, ox‐LDL can inhibit the normal expression of Hippo–YAP/ZAP pathway proteins via miR‐496 expression and induce vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
Frequency of 30‐day readmission and its causes after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Atti Varunsiri , Patel Nileshkumar J. , Kumar Varun , Tripathi Byomesh , Basir Mir B. , Voeltz Michele , Baber Usman , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K. , O'Neill William W. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurvival after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS) has increased over the years. Short‐term readmission rates in this high‐risk population remain unknown.MethodsWe queried the United States (U.S.) Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) from January 2010 to November 2014 using the International Classification of Diseases‐Ninth edition, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9 CM) codes to identify all patients ≥18 years readmitted within 30 days after surviving an index hospitalization for PCI in AMI‐CS. Incidence, etiologies, and predictors of 30‐day readmission were analyzed.ResultsAmong 46,435 patients who survived to discharge after PCI in AMI‐CS, 9,020 (19.4%) were readmitted within 30 days. Median time to 30‐day readmission was 11 days. Cardiac conditions were the most common causes of readmission (57.8%). Heart failure was the leading readmission diagnosis (24.8%). Private insurance including HMO and self‐pay were predictive of lower 30‐day readmission. Among other covariates, female sex, comorbidities such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, in‐hospital complications such as major bleeding, sepsis, respiratory complications, AKI requiring dialysis, utilization of mechanical circulatory support (IABP and ECMO) were independently predictive of 30‐day readmission. Trend analysis showed decline in 30‐day readmission rates from 21.9% in 2010 to 17.9% in 2014 (ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionIn this large real‐world database, one in five patients receiving PCI in AMI‐CS was readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Cardiac conditions were the most common causes of readmission. Insurance type had significant influence on 30‐day readmission.
Pt Nanoparticles Supported over Porous Porphyrin Nanospheres for Chemoselective Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Modak Arindam , Bhanja Piyali , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOptimizing the chemoselectivity in a chemical reaction catalyzed by metallic nanoparticles (NPs) hosted over a solid support is a big challenge, especially in the context of the sustainability of the process. Here we showed that chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrostyrene can be tailored on Pt‐loaded porphyrin nanospheres through the functionalization with sulfonic acid groups at the catalyst surface. 4‐Nitrostyrene is transformed to 4‐aminostyrene over sulfonated Pt‐POP‐SO3H, with ∼77.8 % selectivity at conversion of ∼90 %, whereas the pristine catalyst selectively produced ∼80 % 4‐ethylnitrobenezene at almost complete conversion level. The reversal of the selectivity could be attributed to the effect of the introduction of sulfonic acid group over the supported Pt NPs. Presence of sulfonic acid groups in the functionalized Pt‐porphyrin material has been confirmed from XPS, FT‐IR and elemental analysis data. Moreover, these catalysts are recyclable, suggesting their durability and chemical‐stability for long‐term sustainable operations.
Activation of Surface Lattice Oxygen in Ceria Supported Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst for Low‐Temperature Propane Oxidation
Authors: Wang Chengxiong , Feng Feng , Du Junchen , Zheng Tingting , Pan Zaifu , Zhao Yunkun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe synergy between active Pt species and ceria results in the presence of more coordinately unsaturated Pt2+ and Pt4+ species, which were found to be critical to drive C− and C−H bonds activation and enhance propane oxidation. Surface lattice oxygen on ceria in the vicinity of electron‐deficient Pt species provides the enhanced reactivity for low‐temperature propane oxidation. The reducibility and amount of activated surface oxygen species play a significant role in improving the reaction rates of propane oxidation in the 150∼300 °C temperature range. Ceria effectively promotes oxidative redispersion of platinum crystallites supported on alumina during propane oxidation in O2‐rich conditions, due to the unique ability to trap and stabilize ionic platinum.
Operando Evaluation of Selectivity and Transference Number of Lithium‐Conductive Membranes
Authors: Meddings Nina , Owen John R. , Garcia‐Araez Nuria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Nuria Garcia‐Araez from the University of Southampton (UK). The cover illustrates the key features of a new method to evaluate membrane selectivity under operando conditions. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201801372.
Immune mediators and therapies for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Yu Sebastian , Li Yanxi , Zhou Yan , Follansbee Taylor , Hwang Samuel T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Pso) are two common inflammatory skin diseases which are symptomatically characterized by pruritus to variable degrees. Whereas AD is nearly always associated with pruritus, only 50%‐70% of patients with Pso suffer from itching. Within the last decade, the development of biologic agents targeting specific cytokines or cytokine receptors has led to tremendous progress in suppressing inflammation (and thus improving quality of life) in these two diseases. While suppressing inflammation would generally reduce pruritus in these inflammatory diseases, pruritus is still recalcitrant for treatment in some patients due to relative lack of therapeutics that specifically inhibit pruritus signaling. There is abundant evidence that certain cytokines and neuropeptides‐ion channels signaling mediate pruritus that is independent of inflammation in AD and psoriasis. Of note, Janus kinase (JAK) and nerve growth factor (NGF)‐tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)‐transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) signaling partially regulates pruritus in AD and psoriasis. JAK kinases inhibitors decrease the extent of itch in patients with AD and psoriasis. In clinical trials, topical inhibitors of TrkA and TRPV1 have been reported to reduce pruritus in patients with Pso and AD, respectively. In this article, we review recent literature knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying pruritus in AD and Pso, providing hypotheses for why pruritus may be more common in AD than in Pso. In light of the different mechanisms underlying these two diseases, the current and developing therapeutics, either in human clinical trials or animal studies, for targeting pruritus are also discussed.
Influence of Membrane Intrusion on Permeate‐Sided Pressure Drop During High‐Pressure Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Kleffner Christine , Braun Gerd , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy replacing thermal concentration processes, high‐pressure reverse osmosis has the potential to contribute to cost and energy savings regarding concepts for industrial water reuse. To provide a better understanding of the spiral‐wound element behavior during high‐pressure operation, this study focusses on the investigation of their performance by scrutinizing the crucial effect of the permeate‐sided pressure drop induced by membrane‐spacer interactions. The experiments show a considerable influence of membrane intrusion on the element performance with a strong dependence on the feed pressure.
Janus kinase 2 variants associated with the transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms into acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Benton Christopher B. , Boddu Prajwal C. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Bose Prithviraj , Wang Feng , Assi Rita , Pemmaraju Naveen , KC Devendra , Pierce Sherry , Patel Keyur , Konopleva Marina , Ravandi Farhad , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Andreeff Michael , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCanonical Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F and exon 12 mutations in myeloid neoplasms are well described. There are limited reports of other JAK2 variants of potential clinical relevance. This study was designed to survey JAK2 variants in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to determine their contributions to disease pathogenesis.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing of the coding region of JAK2 and 27 other genes was performed on bone marrow DNA samples. The study population was classified into 3 cohorts: chronic MPNs only (the MPN cohort); MPNs transformed into AML (the MPN>>AML cohort); and AML only, with MPN>>AML patients excluded (the AML cohort).ResultsTesting was performed for 2154 patients, and non‐V617F/non–exon 12 JAK2 sequence variants were identified in 114 (5.3%). They included 35 unique JAK2 variants across all functional domains. Sixteen of the 114 JAK2 variants occurred without somatic mutations in the remaining 27 genes. JAK2 variants were detected at a higher frequency in the MPN>>AML cohort (15.3%) in comparison with the MPN (4.6%; P < .001) and AML cohorts (5.2%; P < .001). Detected variants occurred at higher than expected frequencies in patients with MPNs and AML in comparison with the population, and N1108S had a significantly increased prevalence in patients with AML. A JAK2 variant in addition to JAK2 V617F (n = 13) in myelofibrosis was associated with an increased cumulative risk of transformation into AML (P = .003).ConclusionsSpecific JAK2 variants detected in MPNs may be predictors for transformation into AML.
Investigation of a multimedia, computer‐based approach to improve knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and receptivity to cancer clinical trials among newly diagnosed patients with diverse health literacy skills
Authors: Polite Blase N. , Cipriano‐Steffens Toni M. , Liao Chuanhong , Miller Edward L. , Arndt Nicole L. , Hahn Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEnrollment in therapeutic cancer trials remains low, and is especially challenging for patients with low health literacy. The authors tested an interactive technology designed for patients with diverse health literacy skills with the aim of improving patient receptiveness, willingness, knowledge, self‐efficacy, and positive attitudes regarding clinical trials.MethodsPatients presenting for their first oncology appointment were eligible. Patients viewed an interactive teaching video concerning clinical trials that was adapted from the National Institutes of Health. Validated surveys assessing receptiveness, willingness, knowledge, self‐efficacy, and positive attitudes regarding clinical trials were administered before and after the test.ResultsA total of 120 patients with cancer were enrolled. Approximately 80% were non‐Hispanic white, 33% were female, 69% had >high school education, and 8% reported an income <$20,000. Approximately 33% scored within the low health literacy range. Changes between pretest and posttest demonstrated increases in knowledge (P < .001), self‐efficacy (P < .001), and positive beliefs (P = .004); a slight decrease in willingness (P = .009); and no difference in patient receptivity (P = .31). Higher health literacy was associated with improved willingness (P = .049) and non‐Hispanic white race was associated with improved receptivity (P = .034).ConclusionsInteractive technology that was designed for patients with diverse health literacy skills demonstrated the ability to improve knowledge, self‐efficacy, and positive beliefs regarding cancer clinical trials. Contrary to the hypothesis of the current study, patients with lower health literacy did not appear to derive a greater advantage from this technology. There was no improvement noted with regard to patient willingness or receptivity, and clinical trial enrollment remained at historical institutional levels. Talking touchscreen technology has a potential role as an important element in informed decision making for patients, but likely needs to be coupled with more robust and multitargeted interventions.
Meta‐analysis of the accuracy of p16 or p16/Ki‐67 immunocytochemistry versus HPV testing for the detection of CIN2+/CIN3+ in triage of women with minor abnormal cytology
Authors: Peeters Eliana , Wentzensen Nicolas , Bergeron Christine , Arbyn Marc 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundWomen with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) can be triaged accurately with a high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test to identify those who need a referral. However, the triage of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) with hrHPV testing has very low specificity. Overexpression of p16, with or without Ki‐67, indicates neoplastic transformation of human papillomavirus–infected cervical cells and may more accurately predict underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or worse (CIN3+).MethodsA literature search was conducted in 3 bibliographic databases. Studies were selected if they included women with ASC‐US or LSIL who were triaged with dual staining (p16/Ki‐67) and/or p16 staining and, if available, with a comparator hrHPV test to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or CIN3+.ResultsThirty‐eight studies were eligible. The sensitivity of p16 staining for CIN3+ was significantly lower than that of hrHPV DNA testing (ratio for ASC‐US, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78‐0.97; ratio for LSIL, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80‐0.93). In contrast, the specificity of p16 staining was substantially higher with relative specificities of 1.60 (95% CI, 1.35‐1.88) and 2.29 (95% CI, 2.05‐2.56) for ASC‐US and LSIL respectively. Dual staining was as sensitive as hrHPV DNA testing but was more specific (ratio for ASC‐US, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.42‐1.92; ratio for LSIL, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.17‐2.77).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis confirms that p16 staining and p16/Ki‐67 staining are more specific for CIN2+/CIN3+ than hrHPV DNA testing. Although p16 staining is less sensitive for CIN3+ than hrHPV DNA testing, dual staining has similar sensitivity.
Comment on “Optimization of a spectrally tunable LED daylight simulator”
Authors: Zhang Guozhao , Ding Ke , He Guoxing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis is a comment on “Optimization of a spectrally tunable LED daylight simulator” (Color Res Appl. 2017;42:419‐423). We found that full widths at half maximums (FWHMs) of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) used in the six channels for daylight simulators given by Wei were 50 nm, not 30 nm. Therefore, it is impossible to implement AA‐grade daylight simulators with six LED channels. By our simulation, it was found that at least seven LEDs channels with FWHMs of 30 nm are required to produce a spectrally tunable daylight simulator with AA‐grade by appropriate intensity combinations. Furthermore, the spectrally tunable AA‐grade daylight simulators using six, five, and four channels were simulated. We have first reported that the scheme for the spectrally tunable daylight simulator with AA‐grade using three, four, and five types of phosphors or quantum dots excited by an ultraviolet LED.