bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput paper spray mass spectrometry via induced voltage
Authors: Zhu Haijing , Huang Guangming 
Published: November 2018

RationalePaper spray (PS) has been developed as a method of choice for point‐of‐care analysis in many real cases, where its applications can be further expanded with delicate high‐throughput design. To achieve this goal, we developed a new PS regime, with the assembly of an induced high voltage into the ion source. Compared with regular DC high voltage, the newly developed setup is capable of high‐throughput, simple configuration and rapid switching between individual papers without complicated electric/mechanic design.MethodsA device of high‐throughput induced PS (IPS) was designed by using a two‐dimensional (2D) rotating platform equipped with a circular glass plate. The paper substrate was placed on the circular glass plate and separated from the electrode. The method avoids physical contact between the electrode and the sample. Charged droplets were generated at the paper tip once an induced high voltage was applied to a wet paper.ResultsA relatively rapid analytical speed of 2.6 s per sample was achieved via IPS‐MS. Rapid quantification of amitriptyline (AMT) in complicated matrices was obtained within 1 min using an isotope internal standard method. Limits of detection for AMt in urine, FBS and blood were calculated to be 1.04, 0.84 and 1.33 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, high‐throughput IPS‐MS can be used for chemical reaction monitoring.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the versatility of high‐throughput IPS‐MS in ambient ionization, which successfully simplified the experimental installation and facilitated the experimental operation. Therefore, we believe that high‐throughput IPS‐MS analysis will be widely used for discovering drugs and screening reactions, and the present design has the potential for applications in paper chip‐MS analysis.
Development of a mass spectrometry based detection method for the mitochondrion‐derived peptide MOTS‐c in plasma samples for doping control purposes
Authors: Knoop Andre , Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2018

RationaleThe mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA type‐c (MOTS‐c) peptide was recently discovered and described to control metabolic homeostasis through AMPK activation along with AICAR accumulation. Consequently, it appears advisable to monitor the potential use of synthetic MOTS‐c in sports, and a detection method suitable for sports drug testing purposes is necessary.MethodsFor the detection of MOTS‐c in doping control plasma samples, a test method employing liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was developed. Following optimization, the assay was comprehensively validated and additional parameters such as the (long‐term) stability and in vitro metabolism of the peptide were evaluated. In order to determine endogenous MOTS‐c reference limits, the results generated by LC/MS‐based detection were compared with those obtained with a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe LC/MS‐based test method was fully validated for quantitative results interpretation according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency's International Standard for Laboratories (WADA's ISL). It was found to be specific and sensitive, enabling a lower limit of detection (LLOD) for hMOTS‐c in plasma at 100 pg/mL. Following optimization, animal MOTS‐c analogues and four metabolites as well as two oxidation products were implemented. However, endogenous levels of a reference population of 20 healthy subjects studied by ELISA experiments (45.9–218.5 ng/mL) could not be confirmed by LC/MS.ConclusionsA mass spectrometric detection assay for MOTS‐c in human plasma samples was developed and successfully validated according to WADA's ISL, providing an additional tool for future doping control purposes. Besides MOTS‐c, the assay also includes four in vitro derived metabolites and two oxidation products, which might further improve the traceability of the drug. The analytical approach was compared with a commercially available ELISA, and considerable differences in measured MOTS‐c levels were observed.
Oxidative treatments for atenolol removal in water: Elucidation by mass spectrometry and toxicity evaluation of degradation products
Authors: Quaresma Amanda V. , Sousa Bianca A. , Silva Karina T.S. , Silva Silvana Q. , Werle Alceni A. , Afonso Robson J.C.F. 
Published: November 2018

RationaleThe presence of pharmaceuticals in water is a worldwide concern due to potential damage to human and environmental health. For example, compounds such as the β‐blocker atenolol (ATE), widely used for the treatment of cardiac disease, are detected in drinking water since conventional water treatment plants are not designed to remove them. Thus, the evaluation of ATE removal at different water oxidative treatment processes, identification of its degradation products and evaluation of their toxicity is necessary.MethodsAqueous solutions of ATE (10 mg/L) were submitted to oxidative treatments of chlorination ([NaClO] = 10 mg/L), ozonation ([O3] = 8 mg/L), photocatalysis ([TiO2] = 120 mg/L and UV‐C light) and photolysis (UV‐C light). The removal of ATE and formation of degradation products (DPs) were monitored by mass spectrometry. To assess acute cytotoxicity, DPs were submitted to colorimetric MTT assay using HepG2 cells. The Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) software was applied to estimate the acute and chronic toxicity of identified DPs at different trophic levels.ResultsPhotocatalysis was the treatment that demonstrated greater efficiency, removing 94% of the initial ATE. For the four tested treatments, 12 DPs were confirmed after 30 min. Moreover, some of the identified DPs were unpublished in the literature. Through high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), it was possible to elucidate the structure of the DPs. Solutions of DPs were not considered to be toxic to HepG2 cells. Only the DP with a molecular formula of C13H19NO3 (m/z 238.1438) could be considered detrimental to daphnid and green algae.ConclusionsLow rates of organic matter removal and high rates of ATE degradation were obtained in the applied treatments after 30 min. Although the treated solutions were not toxic to HepG2 cells, one of the degradation products can be considered an environmental concern since it presents chronic toxicity to daphnid and green algae.
Scale‐Up Process of Core@Shell Monolayer Catalyst without Active Potential Control through Electroless Underpotential Deposition Galvanic Replacement
Authors: Mahesh Ijjada , Sarkar A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCore@shell monolayer catalysts have dual advantages in electrocatalysis, cost of the catalyst is minimized by depositing expensive metal as a monolayer shell and the catalytic activity can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate core metal. In this communication, a novel chemically assisted underpotential deposition process to fabricate core@shell monolayer nanoparticles in bulk scale has been introduced. Ag(shell)@Pd(core)/C nanoparticles have been prepared by this electroless underpotential deposition method. The thickness of the Ag shell has been calculated as one atomic layer from XPS analysis. Core‐shell structure of nanoparticles has been confirmed by STEM characterization. Further, Pt(shell)@Pd(core)/C nanoparticles have been engineered from Ag@Pd/C nanoparticles by Galvanic replacement of Ag by Pt. This Pt@Pd/C electrocatalyst has been tested for formic acid oxidation.
A Novel Magnetic Solid Acid for Specially Cleaving the C‐O Bridged Bond in Dibenzyl Ether
Authors: Guan Yinshuang , Zhao Wei , Zhao Chen , Wang Dingkai , Ao Lei , Liu Kaishuai , Liu Haomiao , Chen Shanglong , Fan Xing , Wei Xianyong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel magnetic solid acid was prepared by immobilizing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) and AlCl3 on a magnetic support (i. e., Fe3O4 coated by SiO2). Dibenzyl ether (DBE) which contains C−O bridged‐bond was used as a coal model compound to evaluate the activity of the catalyst for cleaving Calk‐O bonds in coal. The prepared magnetic solid acid was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer, and NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that the prepared catalyst possesses nanometer size, core‐shell structure and strong acidity. The Calk‐O bond in DBE can be cleaved at a temperature of as low as 413 K over the catalyst AlCl3‐TFMSA/Fe3O4/SiO2. The attack of H+ that generated from the magnetic solid acid and/or via hydrogen heterolysis on oxygen atom of DBE could be a crucial step for DBE hydrocracking over the magnetic solid acid.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon‐Modified HKUST‐1 Composites
Authors: Zeng Ganning , Yu Zaohong , Du Mingming , Ai Ning , Chen Wenxian , Gu Zhengrong , Chen Bing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMesoporous activated carbon (AC)‐modified HKUST‐1 composites with different AC contents were prepared and were used for CO2 adsorption. The structure and physiochemical properties of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X‐ray diffractometer(XRD), thermogravimetry(TG) and nitrogen adsorption techniques. The results showed that the surface area and micro pore volume for the HKUST‐1@AC composites increase obviously compared to the HKUST‐1. Especially, the HKUST‐1@AC/2% gave the maximum specific surface area of 1145.71 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.4363 mL/g, resulting in highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 155.7 mg/g, which is almost two times than that of the unmodified HKUST‐1. The content of oxygen‐containing functional groups in AC also play an important role in CO2 adsorption for the HKUST‐1@AC/2% composites, and the optimum content of oxygen‐containing functional groups for the coconut shell AC is about 2.9 mg/g. This might be due to that HKUST‐1 grows along the surface of AC with rich oxygen‐containing functional groups, and a large number of micropores are formed between the two interfaces, therefore increasing CO2 adsorption amount.
Molecular Structure, Spectral, Electronic and Thermodynamic, First‐Order Hyperpolarizability, NBO and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Acenaphthylene Pyrrolidine Derivative
Authors: Malarkodi Helda , Saminathan Murugavel , Ezhilarasi Rosaline , Murugan Dinesh , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe compound 3′‐(1‐benzyl‐5‐methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbonyl)‐1′‐methyl‐4′‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2H‐spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,2′‐pyrrolidin]‐2‐one [BTNANP] was synthesized and characterized by (FT‐IR/FT‐Raman), NMR (1H and 13C), UV‐Visible, Fluorescence and XRD studies. The molecular geometry was optimized using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6–311G (d,p) basis set in the ground state and compared with the experimental data. The entire vibrational assignments of wave numbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) by VEDA 4 programme. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analysed using the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. It was also confirmed by the assignments of UV‐Vis spectrum. The fluorescence spectrum confirms that the title compound is a red‐light emitting material. In addition, NLO, MEP, Mulliken atomic charges, thermodynamic properties, HOMO and LUMO energy gap were theoretically predicted. The global chemical reactivity descriptors were calculated for BTNANP and used to predict their relative stability and reactivity. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was also tested against the selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. The molecular docking studies concede that the title compound may exhibit inhibition activity against topoisomerase II and lanosterol 14 α‐demethylase.
An Elastic Interfacial Transistor Enabled by Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Tian Tian , Sharma Chander Shekhar , Ahuja Navanshu , Varga Matija , Selvakumar Raja , Lee Yen‐Ting , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Shih Chih‐Jen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnabling mechanical responsiveness in field‐effect transistors (FETs) offers new technological opportunity beyond the reach of existing platforms. Here a new force‐sensing concept is proposed by controlling the wettability of a semiconductor surface, referring to the interfacial field‐effect transistors (IFETs). An IFET made by superhydrophobic semiconductor nanowires (NWs) sandwiched between a layer of 2D electron gas (2DEG) and a conductive Cassie–Baxter (CB) sessile droplet is designed. Following the hydrostatic deformation of the CB droplet upon mechanical stress, an extremely small elastic modulus of 820 pascals vertical to the substrate plane, or ≈100 times softer than Ecoflex rubbers, enabling an excellent stress detection limit down to <10 pascals and a stress sensitivity of 36 kPa−1 is proposed. The IFET exhibits an on/off current ratio exceeding 3 × 104, as the carrier density profile at the NW/2DEG interface is modulated by a partially penetrated electrostatic field. This study demonstrates a versatile platform that bridges multiple macroscopic interfacial phenomena with nanoelectronic responses.
Intratumoral temozolomide in spontaneous canine gliomas: feasibility of a novel therapy using implanted microcylinders
Authors: Hicks Jill , Platt Simon , Stewart Georgina , Senneca Christine , Holmes Shannon , Kent Marc , Howerth Elizabeth , Kaplan Jared , Kaplan Edward 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEntotherapy an image‐guided drug‐eluting microcylinder platform, has the potential to bypass the limitations of systemic chemotherapy use in the treatment of canine brain tumours. Gliomas, which are common in dogs and also represent the majority of fatal brain tumours in humans, can be amenable to chemotherapy with temozolomide. Biopolymer microcylinders conjugated with temozolomide and gadolinium were implanted into partially resected tumours of four client‐owned dogs with gliomas. All four dogs presented with generalized seizures and had mild to no neurologic deficits at the time of craniotomy. All dogs underwent craniotomy for implantation of the microcylinders into partially resected gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme {n = 1} or oligodendroglioma {n = 3}). All dogs recovered well from the craniotomy and implantation procedure. This novel procedure appears to be feasible and tolerated in tumour‐bearing dogs. A future controlled clinical study can now aim to evaluate the microcylinder implantation for long‐term efficacy.
First genomic detection of Peaton virus in a calf with hydranencephaly in Israel
Authors: Behar Adi , Leibovich Binyamin (Boris) , Edery Nir , Yanase Tohru , Brenner Jacob 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSimbu serogroup are arbo‐ viruses which are mainly transmitted by Culicoides. Two members of the Simbu serogroup, Akabane and Shuni viruses, have been isolated from congenitally malformed ruminants in Israel. A recent serosurvey revealed that Israeli ruminants have been exposed to several additional Simbu viruses, including Shamonda and Sathuperi that seems to be circulating in Israel. In April 2017, an apparently healthy one‐month‐old male calf was transferred to the Kimron Veterinary Institute. A few days later, the calf was reported to be slow to respond to its surroundings and was not able to feed on its own. Blindness was observed upon clinical examination. RNA of the small, medium and large segments of Simbu serogroup viruses were amplified and sequenced from the testis tissues and from the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During post‐mortem examination, hydranencephaly was defined. Phylogenetic analysis of all three segments of Simbu serogroup viruses showed that the sequences detected in the Israeli calf were virtually identical to Peaton virus (PEAV). PEAV was also detected in two pools of Culicoides imicola trapped at two different locations in Israel. This is the first genomic detection of PEAV outside Australia and Japan. These results are of epidemiological significance, as they demonstrate that PEAV is circulating in Israel and affects cattle. Consequently, these results are also of relevance to a potential spread of Simbu serogroup viruses into Europe.
Legal Assistance in the Japanese ODA: The Spark of a New Era
Authors: KUONG Teilee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the 1990s, Japan officially launched its first legal-assistance projects in Asia, becoming the first Asian donor to offer bilateral assistance in the legal field in the post-Cold War profileration of rule-of-law assistance movements. This paper reviews the process of re-shaping the Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) policies in Japan leading up to the adoption of the ODA Charter in 1992 and its subsequent amendments which underlie the changes in importance and relevancy of legal assistance in the overall Japanese foreign-aid policy over the years. The paper also argues that Japan’s rule-of-law assistance projects were initially launched with pragmatic considerations but had to be continuously justified for their sustainability with increasingly sophisticated philosophical foundations and practical responses to respond to the changing trends of international co-operation and national political pressures.
Pointwise multiple averages for sublinear functions
Authors: DONOSO SEBASTIÁN , KOUTSOGIANNIS ANDREAS , SUN WENBO 
Published: November 2018

For any measure-preserving system $(X,{\mathcal{B}},\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},T_{1},\ldots ,T_{d})$ with no commutativity assumptions on the transformations $T_{i},$$1\leq i\leq d,$ we study the pointwise convergence of multiple ergodic averages with iterates of different growth coming from a large class of sublinear functions. This class properly contains important subclasses of Hardy field functions of order zero and of Fejér functions, i.e., tempered functions of order zero. We show that the convergence of the single average, via an invariant property, implies the convergence of the multiple one. We also provide examples of sublinear functions which are, in general, bad for convergence on arbitrary systems, but good for uniquely ergodic systems. The case where the fastest function is linear is addressed as well, and we provide, in all the cases, an explicit formula of the limit function.
Native Hardwood Tree Seedling Establishment Following Invasive Autumn-Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) Removal on a Reclaimed Coal Mine
Authors: Franke Morgan E. , Zipper Carl , Barney Jacob N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Appalachian region of the United States is home to the largest temperate deciduous forest in the world, though surface mining has caused significant forest loss. Many former coal mines are now dominated by invasive plants, which often inhibit establishment of desirable species, especially slower-growing native trees. Autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellataThunb.) is a nonnative, nitrogen-fixing shrub that was historically planted on former coalfields, but now impedes reclamation. To better understand the influence ofE. umbellatamanagement practices on hardwood establishment, we evaluated two common management practices: cutting and cut stump herbicide treatment. Planted native tree species, including black cherry (Prunus serotinaEhrh.), pin oak (Quercus palustrisMünchh.), and red maple (Acer rubrumL.), were monitored for survival and performance over two growing seasons followingE. umbellataremoval. In each plot, we also measured plant-available nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) in soils using ionic exchange membranes. At the end of the first growing season, native tree survival was high, and the presence or absence ofE. umbellatahad little effect on tree survival or growth, despite the higher plant-available nitrate whereE. umbellatawas present. By the end of the second growing season, native tree survival dropped to 20% to 60% and varied amongE. umbellatatreatments. Survival was highest whenE. umbellatawas cut and treated with herbicide, though tree growth was similar across all treatments withoutE. umbellata. When establishing native trees to replaceE. umbellata, cutting and herbicide application treatment of the invader resulted in the highest overall efficacy (100% control), though the most cost-effective method may be to simply cut mature stands despite regrowth, as this resulted in equivalent native tree growth over 2 yr. While this allowedE. umbellataregeneration, it provided sufficient invader control to allow initial tree establishment. Cutting and herbicide application treatment resulted in lessE. umbellataregeneration and appears to provide greater assurance that established trees will persist over the long term.
Late Miocene−early Pliocene rodents and lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the southern part of Çankırı Basin, Turkey
Authors: Sen Sevket , Karadenizli Levent , Antoine Pierre-Olivier , Saraç Gerçek 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThree localities in the Çankırı Basin—Kale Tepe 1 (KT1), Kale Tepe 2 (KT2), and Mahmutlar—yielded reliably documented rodent and lagomorph assemblages. These are in the Akkaşdağı Formation, which covers large areas in the central and southern parts of this basin in Central Anatolia. The widening of the Kirikkale-Çorum highway produced fresh outcrops that allowed for the discovery of fossiliferous levels in a well-controlled stratigraphy. The assemblages from all three localities are dominated by muroid rodents (Apodemus gorafensisRuiz Bustos et al., 1984;A. gudrunaevan de Weerd, 1976;A. dominansKretzoi, 1959;Micromyssp. indet.;Allocricetussp. indet.;Pseudomerionessp. indet.; Cricetidae gen. indet. sp. indet.;Mimomyssp. indet.) in addition to a glirid (Dryomimuscf.D. eliomyoidesKretzoi, 1959), an eomyid (Keramidomysaff.K. ermannorumDaxner-Höck and Höck, 2009), two ochotonids (Prolagus sorbiniiMasini, 1989;Ochotonomasp. indet.) and one leporid. KT1 and KT2 yielded two large species ofApodemus(A. gorafensis;A. gudrunae) that are typical for the late Miocene/early Pliocene transition in southern Europe, and they are known in Greece and Turkey in localities dated to the latest Miocene, i.e., MN 13 mammalian zone. The occurrence ofA. dominansand a rooted arvicolid similar toMimomys davakosivan de Weerd, 1979 suggests correlation of Mahmutlar to the early Pliocene, or early MN 15 zone. An abundance of muroid rodents in these assemblages indicates woodlands and areas covered by grasses and shrubs, whereas early Pliocene deposits at Mahmutlar provided pollen of abundant herbaceous and shrub elements. Most rodents and lagomorphs from Kale Tepe and Mahmutlar are known in southern European bioprovinces, whereas some elements (PseudomerionesSchaub, 1934;OchotonomaSen, 1998) indicate Asiatic affinities.
Causal modeling with multi-value and fuzzy-set Coincidence Analysis
Authors: Baumgartner Michael , Ambühl Mathias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoincidence Analysis (CNA) is a configurational comparative method of causal data analysis that is related to Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) but, contrary to the latter, is custom-built for analyzing causal structures with multiple outcomes. So far, however, CNA has only been capable of processing dichotomous variables, which greatly limited its scope of applicability. This paper generalizes CNA for multi-value variables as well as continuous variables whose values are interpreted as membership scores in fuzzy sets. This generalization comes with a major adaptation of CNA’s algorithmic protocol, which, in an extended series of benchmark tests, is shown to give CNA an edge over QCA not only with respect to multi-outcome structures but also with respect to the analysis of non-ideal data stemming from single-outcome structures. The inferential power of multi-value and fuzzy-set CNA is made available to end users in the newest version of the R package cna.