bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Hand Dexterity in People With Parkinson’s Disease: Reliability of Pegboard Tests
Authors: Proud Elizabeth L. , Bilney Belinda , Miller Kimberly J. , Morris Meg E. , McGinley Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Importance: Knowledge regarding the reliability of pegboard tests when used to measure dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently limited.
Objective: To examine the test–retest and interrater reliability of the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) in people with PD.
Design: Cross-sectional observational study. For test–retest reliability, tests were completed on 2 days, 1 wk apart, in the “on” phase and “end-of-dose” period of participants’ medication cycle. For interrater reliability, occupational therapists and physical therapists rated prerecorded pegboard test performance of participants with PD.
Setting: Test–retest reliability was determined in participants’ homes or in a university department. Interrater reliability was determined in a university department or a hospital setting.
Participants: Test–retest reliability was determined with volunteers diagnosed with PD (N = 30). Interrater reliability was determined with a convenience sample of occupational and physical therapists (N = 11).
Outcomes and Measures: The 9HPT and PPT are commonly used measures of manual dexterity.
Results: PPT subtests showed higher test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≥ .90) in both phases of the medication cycle compared with the 9HPT (ICCs = .70–.81). Minimal detectable change scores indicated acceptable measurement error for both tools. Interrater reliability for recorded performance of each measure was very good (ICCs &gt; .99), with no calculable measurement error.
Conclusions and Relevance: Although both tools showed adequate test–retest and interrater reliability, results suggest that the PPT may be a more reliable measure of dexterity loss in people with PD.
What This Article Adds: This study informs the clinical measurement of the loss of manual dexterity in people with PD, a frequent problem reported by people living with this disorder.
Multifaceted Approach to Enhance Pill-Swallowing Ability in Children and Adults With Barth Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds Stacey , Tucker M. Emily 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Importance: People with Barth syndrome (BTHS) present with sensory and motor deficits that affect their ability to swallow medications in solid form. Inability to swallow pills can reduce opportunities for people with BTHS to participate in clinical trial research.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief, multifaceted pill-swallowing program that used evidence-based training methods.
Design: Pretest–posttest with 6-mo follow-up.
Setting: Community setting.
Participants: A convenience sample of children, adolescents, and adults with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of BTHS.
Intervention: Possible intervention strategies included behavioral approaches (e.g., shaping), adaptive approaches, and positioning approaches. Interventions were tailored to each participant’s needs and were carried out by occupational therapy practitioners with advanced training in feeding and eating.
Outcomes and Measures: Pill-swallowing milestones were ranked on a scale ranging from 0 to 12; participants were scored pretraining, immediately posttraining, and at 6-mo posttraining.
Results: Sixteen participants with BTHS, ages 6–34 yr, participated in the training. Fourteen of the 16 participants demonstrated improvement in their pill-swallowing ability. Overall, there was a statistically significant change in pill-swallowing ability from pretraining to posttraining, and these changes were maintained after 6 mo.
Conclusions and Relevance: This study suggests that a brief multifaceted training approach, led by trained professionals, may be effective for helping people with sensory and motor deficits learn to swallow pills independently.
What This Article Adds: Very little has been published in the occupational therapy literature describing how to teach the skill of pill swallowing to clients or how to measure progress toward this goal. This study tested the outcomes of a multifaceted approach to pill swallowing that can be conducted by occupational therapy practitioners; a novel measurement approach is also introduced that can be used with clients in clinical practice.
Teenage motherhood and the evaluation of relationships in the family of origin in mothers in their early adulthood
Authors: Kalus Alicja Maria , Tukaj Magdalena 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships in the family of origin in a sample of mothers who had their first child as teenagers (off-time motherhood). We also sought to answer the following question: are there any differences in the evaluation of relationships between mothers who gave birth to their first child in their teens and those who had their first baby during women’s best fertility age (on-time motherhood)? For women, the optimum reproductive age is anywhere between 20 and 30 years of age.Participants and procedureThe study looked at 60 mothers, including 30 off-time mothering and 30 on-time mothering. Two research tools were used in the study: an own survey and the SOR test by Margasiński (a Polish adaptation of the Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales).ResultsThe results of the research showed significant differences in how family life was assessed by the two groups regarding cohesion and communication. Moreover, teenage mothers’ families of origin are characterised by unbalanced cohesion which manifests itself as extreme cohesion (enmeshed relationships) and higher inter-family communication satisfaction when compared to mothers who had a baby at the optimum age of 20-29.ConclusionsIntergeneration issues are a vital research problem. One of those is how experiences from one’s family of origin shape the way one builds a partnership in one’s family of procreation – which later translates into rela-tionships with one’s children. The results of the present study are the first step in a research project on the psy-chological functioning of family systems of mothers who gave birth as teenagers. Later, relationships in fami-lies of origin and families of procreation of teenage mothers will be examined.
The relationship between meaning in life and resilience in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohseni Mohabbat , Iranpour Abedin , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Kazazi Leila , Borhaninejad Vahidreza 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMeaning in life has been considered necessary for the psychological well-being of older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life and resilience in the elderly in Kerman, Iran.Participants and procedureIn this cross-sectional study, 300 older adults (aged more than 60 years) were included using the multistage sampling method in Kerman in 2018. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to investigate the resilience status, and for as-sessing meaning of life, Steger’s meaning in life questionnaire was employed. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression by IBM SPSS V21.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 67.3 ±7.9 years. Resilience status was significantly different in terms of gender (p = .021), educational status (p = .032), and self-reported health status (p = .003). There was a significant positive relationship between meaning in life and resilience (r = .38, p = .012). Independent variables (meaning in life, self-reported health status, gender) accounted for 31% of the variance in resilience (p ≤ .001).ConclusionsConsidering meaning in life and resilience in older adults helps to improve psychological health and wellness and create a unique potential ability to confront the pitfalls of old age, which result in better physical, mental, social, and spiritual health in older adults.
Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015
Authors: Maasakkers Joannes D. , Jacob Daniel J. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Scarpelli Tia R. , Nesser Hannah , Sheng Jian-Xiong , Zhang Yuzhong , Hersher Monica , Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin W. , Worden John R. , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Parker Robert J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from
the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve
estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as
the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's
main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization
problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This
allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards
optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations
between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a
large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion.
We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error
standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large
overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in
the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new
gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior
estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large
differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more
consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in
atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from
India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from
OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong
independent constraints on global methane emissions (546 Tg a−1) and
global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation
by tropospheric OH of 10.8±0.4 years), indicating that satellite
observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH
concentrations in the future.
Recording Graffiti in the Black Desert: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Macdonald Michael C. A. , Al-Manaser Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Between the last century BC and the fourth century AD the nomads of the basalt deserts of southern Syria, Jordan, and northern Saudi Arabia learnt to read and write for the only time in their history before the present day. They covered the desert rocks with tens of thousands of graffiti, which tell us much about their way of life, their society, their relations with each other, with the Romans, Nabataeans, and others, and their personal feelings. However, there have been few systematic surveys to record them. Instead, many expeditions have moved from landmark to landmark, making hand copies or photographs of only some of the texts and no accurate record of their exact location. This has resulted in the loss of a great deal of data and this article explains the need for systematic and complete surveys of this material, which is of great importance historically, linguistically, and ethnologically.
Waarheidsplicht en bewijslastverdeling
Authors: El Gamali Redouan , Tjong Tjin Tai Eric 
Published: June 2019

Waarheidsplicht en bewijslastverdeling
In deze bijdrage wordt de verhouding tussen de waarheidsplicht en de bewijslastverdeling aan een nader onderzoek onderworpen. Besproken zal worden de praktische uitwerking van de interactie tussen de twee leerstukken. Het wetsvoorstel vereenvoudiging en modernisering bewijsrecht wordt daarbij betrokken. Geconcludeerd zal worden dat de waarheidsplicht in zeker opzicht breder is dan de bewijslastverdeling, maar zij is niet los te denken van de vraag wie het bewijsrisico draagt. Een verbeterd sanctiestelsel zou de waarheidsplicht beter doen aansluiten bij de praktijk van het civiele proces.
Déploiement du programme-cadre montréalais en négligence Alliance : évaluation de quatre expériences territoriales
Authors: Dufour Sarah , Clément Marie-Ève , Milot Tristan , Léveillé Sophie 
Published: June 2019

Il y a dix ans, le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux précisait dans ses orientations que chaque région du Québec devait être couverte par un programme d’intervention destiné aux parents négligents, ou à risque de l’être, et de leurs enfants, par le biais de collaborations entre partenaires des réseaux formels (CSSS et centres jeunesse) et informels (organismes de la communauté). Cet article présente une analyse de la première phase de déploiement du programme-cadre en négligence, intituléAlliance, implanté dans la région de Montréal. Plus particulièrement, il vise à présenter l’expérience de mise en oeuvre d’Alliancedans quatre territoires contrastés sur le plan géographique, de leur diversité ethnoculturelle et de leur histoire antérieure de partenariat dans l’offre de services aux familles. Trois sources de données par territoire ont été analysées : une entrevue de groupe, une fiche bilan des activités de mise en oeuvre et un plan de réalisation local. Une analyse intra et inter-cas reposant sur une stratégie de triangulation des données a permis de cerner les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans chacun des territoires à l’étude. Deux enjeux névralgiques au coeur des expériences territoriales de mise en oeuvre d’Allianceont ainsi été mis en lumière : l’appropriation du programme-cadre par les acteurs et leur mobilisation en vue de l’implanter. La comparaison des récits territoriaux a également permis de dégager la gradation des territoires selon ces deux enjeux et de proposer des recommandations en vue d’optimiser le déploiement.
Intégration scolaire d’élèves présentant des difficultés d’ordre comportemental : liens entre attitude des enseignants, stress et qualité de la relation enseignant-élève
Authors: Plouffe Thomas , Couture Caroline , Massé Line , Bégin Jean-Yves , Rousseau Michel 
Published: June 2019

Les élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales sont parmi ceux ayant le plus faible taux d’intégration en classe ordinaire. Plusieurs variables propres à l’enseignant sont considérées comme ayant un impact dans le processus intégratif de ces élèves. Le présent article évalue les associations entre certaines de ces variables, dont le stress de l’enseignant et la qualité de sa relation avec l’élève présentant des difficultés d’ordre comportementale, dans l’établissement d’une attitude favorable ou défavorable à l’égard de l’intégration. L’échantillon se compose de 221 enseignants (77 hommes et 144 femmes) de niveau secondaire. Les résultats d’une analyse de régression font ressortir le pouvoir prédictif autant du stress que de la qualité de la relation enseignant-élève sur l’attitude de l’enseignant. L’ajout de variables secondaires (années d’expérience d’enseignement, formation initiale reliée aux élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales, sexe des enseignants) dans le modèle de régression, contribue à l’effet global d’interaction, ce qui suggère leur effet modérateur. Ces résultats témoignent de la nécessité d’agir sur deux fronts à la fois, afin d’améliorer les attitudes des enseignants quant à l’intégration scolaire de ces élèves : sur leur stress à enseigner à ces derniers et sur la qualité de la relation enseignant-élève.
In-plane distribution of water inside Nafion®thin film analyzed by neutron reflectivity at temperature of 80 °C and relative humidity of 30%–80% based on 4-layered structural model
Authors: Kawamoto Teppei , Aoki Makoto , Kimura Taro , Mizusawa Takako , Yamada Norifumi L. , Miyake Junpei , Miyatake Kenji , Inukai Junji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStructures of polymer electrolyte membranes and binders and the distribution of water inside are important for designing new ion-conductive ionomers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Neutron reflectometry (NR) was carried out on a Nafion®film with a thickness of 100 nm formed on native SiO2surface on Si(100) for understanding the in-plane water distribution. The temperature was set at 80 °C and the relative humidity at 30, 50, 65, and 80% for NR measurements, simulating the conditions for the power generation. Clear NR modulation was obtained under each condition. NR data were fit very well with a 4-layer model parallel to the substrate with different densities of Nafion and water. At the interface between the Nafion film and the Si substrate, a 1 nm water-rich layer was observed under all conditions. The water concentration increased with humidity at all 4 layers, but the thickness increased mainly at the bulk layer.
Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples
Authors: Abramov Dimitri M. , Lazarev Vladimir V. , Gomes Junior Saint Clair , Mourao-Junior Carlos Alberto , Castro-Pontes Monique , Cunha Carla Q. , deAzevedo Leonardo C. , Vigneau Evelyne 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate whether the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) is biologically accurate for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a biological-based classifier built by a special method of multivariate analysis of a large dataset of a small sample (much more variables than subjects), holding neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychological variables.MethodsTwenty typically developing boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD, aged 10–13 years, were examined using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) with recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). From 774 variables, a reduced number of latent variables (LVs) were extracted with a clustering of variables method (CLV), for further reclassification of subjects using the k-means method. This approach allowed a multivariate analysis to be applied to a significantly larger number of variables than the number of cases.ResultsFrom datasets including ERPs from the mid-frontal, mid-parietal, right frontal, and central scalp areas, we found 82% of agreement between DSM and biological-based classifications. The kappa index between DSM and behavioral/psychological/neurophysiological data was 0.75, which is regarded as a “substantial level of agreement”.DiscussionThe CLV is a useful method for multivariate analysis of datasets with much less subjects than variables. In this study, a correlation is found between the biological-based classifier and the DSM outputs for the classification of subjects as either ADHD or not. This result suggests that DSM clinically describes a biological condition, supporting its validity for ADHD diagnostics.
Engagement in physical activity, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among older people in five developing countries
Authors: Ghose Bishwajit , Wang Ruoxi , Tang Shangfeng , Yaya Sanni 
Published: June 2019

Background
Suicide causes rising economic costs and public health risks for communities in the worldwide. Physical activity (PA) is considered a potentially feasible approach to reduce risk of suicide with low cost and high accessibility, and therefore attracting increasing attention. However, current literature on the association between PA and suicidal behavior amongst elderly people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. Therefore, in this study we aimed to examine the relationship between suicidal thoughts (ST) and suicidal attempts (SA) with PA among elderly people in five LMICs.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were collected from WHO’s Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) with 2,861 participants aged 50 years or above. Variables included: self-reported occurrence of ST and SA during past 12 months and four types of PA (vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), walking/bike riding, moderate leisure time physical activity (MLPA)).

Results
The overall prevalence of taking >75 min of VPA/week, >150 min/week, MLPA and walking/bike riding were, respectively, 85.4% (95% CI [81.3–88.7]), 61.6% (95% CI [52.9–69.6]), 9.6% (95% CI [7.2–12.6]) and 75.1% (95% CI [68.7–80.6]). Respectively, 31.0% (95% CI [24.3–38.7]) and 5.5% (95% CI [3.9–7.5]) of the respondents reported having morbid thoughts and SA during last 12 months. In adjusted multivariable regression analysis, not engaging in PA revealed positive association with higher odds of having morbid thoughts and SA, however, with varying degrees for different types of PA among men and women and across countries. The adjusted odds ratio among elderly who encountered ST increased significantly with PA levels (1.265 in male and 1.509 in female with VPA, 1.292 in male and 1.449 in female with MPA, 1.669 in female with LMPA and 3.039 in women with walk/bike); similarly, with SA (1.526, 1.532, 1.474 and 1.392 in women with VPA, MPA, LMPA and Walk/bike, respectively). The degree of adjusted odds ratio varied between genders and among countries.

Conclusion
Although the data were cross-sectional, and no linear dose-response relationship was observed between PA and morbid thought and suicide ideation, the findings provide important indications of potential harmful effects of no/inadequate PA on psychological morbidities among older individuals. Promoting adequate PA among older individuals through community-based suicide prevention programs can potentially contribute to reduction in the burden of PA in LMICs.
QUANTIFICATION OF LONGSHORE SAND TRANSPORT
Authors: Yeend John S. , Hatheway Darryl J. 
Published: June 2019

The intent of this paper is to express the quantities
of sand bypassed by a sand transfer facility and
transported in the littoral drift at the South Lake Worth
Inlet, Palm Beach County, Florida. Discussion on littoral
transport volumes will include estimates of the annual
average drift from 1948 to 1987, and discussions of sand
bypassing quantities will include improvements in the
estimation of pumping rates.
Evaluation of setup and intrafraction motion for surface guided whole‐breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Hattel Sandra Helene , Andersen Peter Andreas , Wahlstedt Isak Hannes , Damkjær Sidsel , Saini Arpit , Thomsen Jakob Borup 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurface Guided Radiotherapy (SGRT) is a relatively new technique for positioning patients and for monitoring patient movement during treatment. SGRT is completely non‐invasive since it uses visible light for determining the position of the patient surface. A reduction in daily imaging for patient setup is possible if the accuracy of SGRT is comparable to imaging. It allows for monitoring of intrafraction motion and the radiation beam can be held beyond a certain threshold resulting in a more accurate irradiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate setup uncertainty and the intrafraction motion in non‐gated whole breast cancer radiotherapy treatment using an integrated implementation of AlignRT (OSMS) system as SGRT. In initial setup, SGRT was compared to three‐point setup using tattoos on the patient and orthogonal kV imaging. For the investigation of intrafraction motion, OSMS monitored the patient with six degrees of freedom during treatment. Using three‐point setup resulted in a setup root‐mean‐square error from the isocenter of 5.4 mm. This was improved to 4.2 mm using OSMS. For the translational directions, OSMS showed improvements in the lateral direction (P = 0.0009, Wilcoxon rank‐sum), but for the longitudinal direction and rotation it was not possible to show improvements (P = 0.96 and P = 0.46, respectively). The vertical direction proved more accurate for three‐point setup than OSMS (P = 0.000004). Intrafraction motion was very limited with a translational median of 1.1 mm from the isocenter. While OSMS showed marked improvements over laser and tattoo setup, the system did not prove accurate enough to replace the daily orthogonal kV images aligned to bony anatomy.