bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport management in Emerging Economy:
Authors: Tertuliano Ivan Wallan , Lima Eric Matheus Rocha , Oliveira Vivian , Santana Bruna Alves , Pavlović Vladan , Machado Afonso Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Research Question: the paper investigates the influence of the size of the squad and the club's expenditures on football in the final classification in seasons 2008 to 2016 of the first division of the Brazilian Football League (Serie A). Motivation: Considering soccer as the most important sport in Brazil, representing a cultural symbol of the country, it is better to make it necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of the size of the squad on the performance of the teams and, in addition, how much the clubs invest in the formation of these squads. Idea: In this perspective, the central hypothesis of this study is that clubs with the highest number of players will also present the best classifications, and the second central hypothesis is that clubs with more investments in football have the biggest squad. Data: (The study was conducted with data collected over the internet, using data provided by clubs. Only the clubs belonging to the first division were used, being a total of 34 clubs, divided into 2 groups, according to the investment value in Football. Tools: This study presents descriptive and inferential analyses, since the qualitative-quantitative approach was assumed as a way of understanding the data. Assuming the number of clubs participating in the study, we chose non-parametric inferential analyses in the intra- and inter-group evaluations, using the alpha value of 0,05 as criterion. Findings: The results show that the size of the squad is not a determining factor in the ranking of clubs in the National League, but the clubs' spending on football is crucial, since the clubs with the highest spent on football were the clubs with the best safety ratings in 4 of 6 Championships. In addition, the results showed that the size of the squad and spending on Football are not related, that is, it's not the size of the squad what determines the cost of football and other factors, such as wages of athletes. Contribution: One can conclude that to the first division of the Brazilian championship of professional football, the number of athletes in the squad is not a determining factor for the position taken by the clubs in the competition, but the value invested in wages, corroborating only one of the hypotheses of study. However, this study has some limitations, such as sample size (only 34 teams), the use of clubs from a single country, and the lack of information from other clubs (not all clubs provide their financial statements through the club or federation website). Therefore, we emphasize the need for new studies.
Effect of Parental Economic Status on Enrollment of Learners with Physical Challenge in Preschools in Riruta Zone, Dagoretti Sub-county, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Githu M. W. , Waliaula S. , Milimu L. 
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study sought to establish the influence of parents’ economic status on the enrollment of learners with physical challenges in preschools
Methodology: This study employed descriptive ex-post research design to facilitate determination of the influence of independent variables (parental economic status) on the dependent variable (enrollment of children with motor disability in preschools). The target population of 362 persons comprised of 33 headteachers, 131 teachers and 198 parents. By use of stratified and simple random sampling techniques, 66 parents were selected in addition to 11 headteachers and 33 teachers to constitute the sample size of 110. Data collection instruments used were questionnaires for headteachers and teachers and interview schedule guides for parents. Collected data was arranged and analyzed by use of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data was correlated, expressed in means, percentages, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to show the association (P < 0.05 at 95% confidence level) and their effect on outcome variables. Unstructured questions in questionnaires and interview schedules were analyzed qualitatively through grouping responses in respect to priority and strength of the response.
Results: The economic status of the parents had a positive association with enrollment of learners with motor disability in preschools. Learners with motor disability from parents of high economic status had a higher enrollment in preschools. There was no significant difference on enrollment among sexes, schools and types of schools (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that economic status of parents affect enrollment of learners with physical challenges in the preschools. Enhancing the economic status of parents will boost the enrollment of children with motor disability in preschools.
A hands‐on introduction to medical physics and radiation therapy for middle school students
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Gao Wendy , Robertson Gene E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLesson plans were developed to present concepts of medical physics and radiation therapy to a middle school audience. These workshop learning units relied on hands‐on participation and collaboration within student groups to acquaint students with computed tomography simulation and treatment planning processes. These lesson plans were delivered at two different educational outreach programs targeted at student groups that have traditionally been underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The lesson plans are scheduled to be delivered at a third program in the future. The activities were used to introduce occupations in medical physics and radiation therapy as possible career opportunities for students, and to generate enthusiasm for continuing STEM education. Lesson plans are available upon request for educators interested in exploring medical physics educational outreach activities in their communities.
Functionally Cooperating Mini‐Generator: From Bacterial Fermentation to Electricity
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Lina , Li Ping , Cheng Mengjiao , Zhao Jing , Zhang Yajun , Su Haijia , Tan Tianwei , Shi Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMini‐generators based on Faraday's law have exploited a new application of self‐propelled micromotors in energy conversion. However, most such mini‐generators normally consume high‐grade energy to produce low electric energy and lack applicable occasions. Herein, a mini‐generator is designed that harvests low‐grade internal energy of gas from a fermentation line for successive conversion to kinetic energy of reciprocating motions and finally to electric energy without harming the fermentation production. The problem of irregular release of fermentative bubbles resulting in disordered motions is solved by the design of a superhydrophobic cushion valve, which regulates bubble releases to ensure periodic surfacing–diving motions and stable electricity generation. The mini‐generator has a lifetime over 20 000 s with the maximum induced voltage of 2.4 V, which is sufficient to light a dozen red LEDs and energy conversion efficiency reaches 40%. Moreover, the mini‐generator is used back to the fermentation line as a real‐time gas flowmeter. By integrating mini‐generators with industrial fermentation lines, this work has provided an effective strategy to minimize energy input and maximize energy output of mini‐generators by collecting weak environmental energy and meanwhile exploited practical uses of mini‐generators with low output.
Materials Design of Solar Cell Absorbers Beyond Perovskites and Conventional Semiconductors via Combining Tetrahedral and Octahedral Coordination
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Hangyan , Wei Su‐Huai , Yin Wan‐Jian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTetrahedral coordination structures, e.g. crystalline Si, GaAs, CdTe, and octahedral coordination structures, e.g. perovskites, represent two classes of successful crystal structures hitherto for solar cell absorbers. Here, via first‐principles calculations and crystal symmetry analysis, the two classes of semiconductors are shown exhibiting complementary properties in terms of bond covalency/ionicity, optical property, defect tolerance, and stability, which are correlated with their respective coordination number. Therefore, a spinel structure is proposed, which combines tetrahedral and octahedral coordination into a single crystal structure, as an alternative to perovskite and conventional semiconductors for potential photovoltaic applications. The case studies of a class of 105 spinel AB2X4 systems identify five spinel compounds HgAl2Se4, HgIn2S4, CdIn2Se4, HgSc2S4, and HgY2S4 as promising solar cell absorbers. In particular, HgAl2Se4 has suitable bandgap (1.36 eV by GW0 calculation), small direct–indirect bandgap difference (24 meV), appropriate carrier effective mass (me = 0.08 m0, and mh = 0.69 m0), strong optical absorption, and high dynamic stability. This study suggests that crystal systems with mixed tetrahedral and octahedral coordination may open a viable route for emerging solar cell absorbers.
Cis‐Dihydroxylation of Tricyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes Catalyzed by Toluene Dioxygenase: A Molecular Docking Study and Experimental Validation
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Brannigan Ian N. , McGivern Christopher J. , Nockemann Peter , Stevenson Paul J. , McRoberts Colin , Hoering Patrick , Allen Christopher C. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolecular docking studies of toluene dioxygenase led to the prediction that angular and lateral cis‐dihydroxylation of tricyclic arene and heteroarene substrates could occur. Biotransformations of biphenylene, dibenzofuran, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, using Pseudomonas putida UV4 whole cells, expressing toluene dioxygenase, confirmed that both angular and lateral cis‐dihydroxylation had occurred in the predicted regioselective and stereoselective manner. The toluene dioxygenase‐catalysed (Pseudomonas putida UV4) biotransformation of dibenzofuran was optimized, to produce 1,2‐dihydrodibenzofuran‐1,2‐diol as the major metabolite in excellent yield. 2‐Hydroxydibenzofuran, resulting from dehydration of 1,2‐dihydrodibenzofuran‐1,2‐diol, was also found to undergo cis‐ dihydroxylation to give a very minor cis‐dihydrodiol metabolite. The enantiopurity (>98% ee) and (1R,2S) absolute configuration of the major dibenzofuran cis ‐dihydrodiol was rigorously established by catalytic hydrogenation and formation of methoxy(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetate derivatives and by X‐ray crystallography of an epoxide derivative. Biotransformation of carbazole yielded anthranilic acid as the major metabolite and was consistent with angular cis‐dihydroxylation. Synthesis of a cis‐ diol epoxide derivative showed that the main cis‐dihydrodiol metabolite of dibenzofuran has potential in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products.magnified image
EGOFET Gated by a Molecular Electronic Switch: A Single‐Device Memory Cell
Authors: Parkula Vitaliy , Maglione Maria Serena , Casalini Stefano , Zhang Qiaoming , Greco Pierpaolo , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Rovira Concepció , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Biscarini Fabio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFETs) exploit the transduction of interfacial phenomena, such as biorecognition or redox processes, into detectable changes of electrical response. Here, it is shown that, beyond sensing applications, EGOFETs may act effectively as memory devices, through the functionalization of the gate electrode with a self‐assembly monolayer comprising a switching molecule undergoing a large and persistent change of dipole moment, upon application of a small (0.6 V) programming potential. This first example of a switchable EGOFET device with memory retention is based on a tetrathiafulvalene derivative self‐assembled on gold and an aqueous buffer as electrolyte in a microfluidic assembly. Changes of the self‐assembled monolayer redox state lead to variations of the gate electrochemical potential and, as a consequence, the EGOFET's threshold voltage undergoes reversible shifts larger than 100 mV. The distinctive electrical readout upon different redox states opens the possibility of writing and erasing information, thus making the transistor behave as a single memory cell.
Resident Supervision and Patient Care: A Comparative Time Study in a Community‐Academic Versus a Community Emergency Department
Authors: Wang Ernest E. , Yin Yue , Gurvich Itai , Kharasch Morris S. , Rice Clifford , Novack Jared , Babcock Christine , Ahn James , Bowman Steven H. , Van Mieghem Jan A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to compare attending emergency physician (EP) time spent on direct and indirect patient care activities in emergency departments (EDs) with and without emergency medicine (EM) residents.MethodsWe performed an observational, time–motion study on 25 EPs who worked in a community‐academic ED and a nonacademic community ED. Two observations of each EP were performed at each site. Average time spent per 240‐minute observation on main‐category activities are illustrated in percentages. We report descriptive statistics (median and interquartile ranges) for the number of minutes EPs spent per subcategory activity, in total and per patient. We performed a Wilcoxon two‐sample test to assess differences between time spent across two EDs.ResultsThe 25 observed EPs executed 34,358 tasks in the two EDs. At the community‐academic ED, EPs spent 14.2% of their time supervising EM residents. Supervision activities included data presentation, medical decision making, and treatment. The time spent on supervision was offset by a decrease in time spent by EPs on indirect patient care (specifically communication and electronic health record work) at the community academic ED compared to the nonacademic community ED. There was no statistical difference with respect to direct patient care time expenditure between the two EDs. There was a nonstatistically significant difference in attending patient load between sites.ConclusionsEPs in our study spent 14.2% of their time (8.5 minutes/hour) supervising residents. The time spent supervising residents was largely offset by time savings related to indirect patient care activities rather than compromising direct patient care.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Propagative Fluctuation of Ascorbate in the Live Rat Brain during Spreading Depolarization
Authors: Xiao Tongfang , Wang Yuexiang , Wei Huan , Yu Ping , Jiang Ying , Mao Lanqun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpreading depolarization (SD) occurs frequently in the injured brain, and its neurochemical effects are detrimental to brain function. We report the first observation that the release of ascorbate, an important neurochemical in the brain, is closely accompanied with SD. Ascorbate was monitored with carbon nanotube (CNT)‐sheathed carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs). This system features high selectivity and temporal/spatial resolution. With our sensor, we observed a significant increase in the concentration of ascorbate in response to SD induction. Mechanistic studies show a contrasting behavior; with a SD specific inhibitor, release was completely suppressed, whereas with inhibition of commonly employed glutamate transporters, ascorbate release was increased, demonstrating a powerful means of discriminating ascorbate release between disputed pathways. Most importantly, we observed the propagative nature of ascorbate release following SD.
Structural characterization, thermal investigation and biological activity of metal complexes containing Schiff Base ligand (Z)‐3‐(1‐((4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b] pyridin‐3‐yl)imino)ethyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one
Authors: Emam Sanaa M. , Abouel‐Enein Saeyda A. , Abdel‐Satar Eman M. 
Published: March 2019

A new series of metal complexes containing Co(II), Pd(II), Fe(III) chloride and Cu(II) salts (chloride, bromide, sulphate and perchlorate) have been prepared with Schiff base ligand (HL). The synthesized compounds were elucidated using elemental analyses, spectral techniques, molar conductance, magnetic measurements and thermogravimetric studies. The analytical data established (1 M:1 L) stoichiometry for complexes (1), (2), (4), (6) and (7) as well as (1 M:2 L) and (2 M:3 L) stoichiometry for complexes (5) and (3), respectively. As a result, the ligand HL coordinates in complexes (1), (2), (4), (6) as a monobasic tridentate ONN moiety via the oxygen atom of the deprotonated phenolic OH, the nitrogen atoms of the azomethine and the imine group in pyrazolopyridine ring. While, it behaves as a neutral bidentate in complexes (3,7), chelates via oxygen and nitrogen atoms of enolic OH and azomethine groups. Also, in complex (5) Cu2+ ion binds via NO sits of two ligand molecules in its monobasic and neutral forms. The magnetic moment and electronic spectral data proposed octahedral structure for complexes (2, 3 and 7) as well as triagonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal geometry for complexes (1 and 4), while, chelates (5) and (6) possess square planar geometry. TG/DTG studies confirmed the chemical formula for these complexes and established the thermal decomposition processes ended with the formation of metal or metal oxides contaminated with carbon residue. An axial electron spin resonance spectra were suggested for Cu(II) complexes pointing to 2B1g as a ground state with hyperfine structure for complex (4). In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities were performed for HL ligand and its metal complexes. The biological studies indicate that complex (3) has better antibacterial activity compared to the ligand and the other complexes.
Dielectric behavior and structural characterization of polymeric double layer thin films
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Shukla Prashant , Gaur M. S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present work, various techniques have been employed to investigate the polarization processes along with the estimation of various parameters involved therein in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and PVDF‐PMMA double‐layered samples. Anticipating the difficulty to analyze the experimental data; in such complicated situation, when in one the same temperature range various decay mechanism may complete, the different techniques are used to interpret the experimental results. These measurements verify the various processes responsible polarization in these polymer samples. The structural morphology, crystallinity, atomic, and molecular geometry were analyzed using different characterization tools, namely SEM, XRD, FTIR, and DSC; therefore, the results were found to be in confirmation with amorphous nature of PMMA and semicrystalline nature of PVDF and PVDF‐PMMA double‐layered samples. Ac dielectric measurements were performed for different temperatures over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz. Dielectric losses have also been recorded with a two terminal (Al‐Al) electrode combination. The study revealed that both interfacial phenomena and space charge mechanism are known to play preliminary role in the dielectric behavior of double‐layered samples. The amorphous–crystalline interface act as charge‐carrier trapping sites in this polymeric heterogeneous system. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of the double‐layered sample depend manifolds on the temperature and the Ac frequency. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47724.
Synergistic effects of organic and inorganic additives in preparation of composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) antifouling ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Wahab Mukramah Yusuf , Muchtar Syawaliah , Jeon Sungil , Fang Li‐Feng , Rajabzadeh Saeid , Takagi Ryosuke , Arahman Nasrul , Mulyati Sri , Riza Medyan , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTComposite ultrafiltration membranes were successfully fabricated by blending a nonionic surfactant and inorganic nanoparticles via a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Brij35 was used as the nonionic surfactant and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles from rice husk ash, a low cost and widely available material, were used as the inorganic nanoparticles. The synergetic effect of both additives was used to tailor the membrane structure and properties because the selected additives showed completely different or, in some cases, the opposite effect on the membrane properties and structure. The combined effects of Brij and SiO2 resulted in a membrane with a noticeable improvement in membrane overall performance including pure water permeability, hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, long‐term stability, tensile strength, on the cost of a slight decrease in membrane elongation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47737.
Advanced porous polyphenylsulfone membrane with ultrahigh chemical stability and selectivity for vanadium flow batteries
Authors: Shi Manli , Liu Lu , Tong Yujia , Huang Lukuan , Li Weixing , Xing Weihong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPorous polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes are facilely prepared via the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation method. The typical asymmetric structure of such prepared porous membranes can be controlled by optimizing the sulfonation degree of the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) to 84.7% in the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the porous membrane comprises a thin dense top skin layer, a sublayer structure with distinct long finger‐like pores and the large pores in the substructure. The porous PPSU membrane was then used in vanadium flow battery (VFB). The optimized porous membrane yields an admirable performance, including excellent selectivity, chemical stability, and high columbic efficiency. Furthermore, the low cost of porous PPSU membranes indicates the promise of this technology for use in VFB applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47752.
Three‐dimensional movements of harbour seals in a tidally energetic channel: Application of a novel sonar tracking system
Authors: Hastie Gordon D. , Bivins Matt , Coram Alex , Gordon Jonathan , Jepp Pauline , MacAulay Jamie , Sparling Carol , Gillespie Douglas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Understanding how marine predators utilize habitats requires that we consider their behaviour in three dimensions. Recent research has shown that marine mammals often make use of tidally energetic locations for foraging, yet data are generally limited to observations of animals at the water surface. Such areas are also of interest to the renewable energy industry for the deployment of tidal‐stream energy turbines; this has led to concerns about potential impacts on marine mammals.
Methods for measuring animal movements underwater are limited; however, active sonar can image marine mammals and could potentially measure three‐dimensional movements in tidally energetic locations. Here, a dual 720 kHz sonar system was developed to investigate the three‐dimensional movements of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in a tidally energetic channel.
Estimated mean depth (distance from the surface) of seals was 12.0 m (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 11.6–12.4 m), and the majority of time was spent at the surface and at approximately 10–12 m distance from the surface. When expressed as distances from the sea bed, mean distance was 18.5 m (95% CI: 18.0–18.9 m), and the majority of time was spent at 14 m from the sea bed.
Seal movements were generally in the same direction as the tidal flow with mean horizontal speeds of between 0.51 and 3.13 m s−1 (95% CIs = 1.24–1.54 m s−1). Mean vertical velocities (where negative and positive values represent a descent and ascent respectively) for each seal track ranged between −1.76 and +0.88 m s−1 (95% CIs: −0.23 to +0.03 m s−1).
These results provide a basis for understanding how seals utilize a dynamic tidal environment and suggest that harbour seal behaviour can be markedly different to less tidally energetic habitats. The results also have important implications for the prediction of risk associated with interactions between diving seals and tidal turbines in these dynamic habitats.