bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Vascular Access Challenges in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Comprehensive Study of Ultrasonographic Guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan , Javed Maryam , Khan Muhammad Azhar Waheed , Khan Azhar Ali , Amjad Hamna , Moeen Sheikh Muhammad Hassaan 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of Ultrasonographic Guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Cathetersin patients with ESRD. The primary objectives include assessing catheter placement success, blood flowadequacy, and the prevention of catheter related blood stream infections.Study Design: A cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Central Park MedicalCollege and Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from December 2022 to May 2023.Methods: In this study, enrolled 40 end stage renal disease patients aged 20 to 60 years. Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters (THCs) were inserted under ultrasonographic guidance, predominantly in the right internal jugular vein. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and blood flow was assessed for dialysis adequacy. The study followed STROBE guidelines and obtained ethical clearance.Results: Of the 40 patients, 50% were male, 85% had hypertension, and 87.5% had diabetes. Ultrasonographyguided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters were predominantly placed in the right internal jugular vein (55%)with overall success rate of 100 percent. Mean blood flow was 317 ml/minute, and patients had a history of4.29 ± 1.18 previous catheters. No CRBSIs were reported within the study period.Conclusion: Ultrasonographic guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters demonstrated effective placement,adequate blood flow, and a notable absence of catheter related blood stream infections. The study contributesvaluable insights into the role of Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters in ESRD care, emphasizing their significanceas an interim solution while awaiting arteriovenous fistula maturation.
How to cite this: Sikandar MZ, Javed M, Waheed MA, Khan AA, Amjad H, Moeen SMH. Navigating Vascular Access Challenges in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Comprehensive Study of Ultrasonographic Guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 477-481. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.541
Efficacy of 2% Coal Tar in Petroleum Jelly Over Plain Petroleum Jelly (Emollient) in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Population
Authors: Erfan Muhammad , Ali Uzma , Sajid Wajiha , Sayed Tahir Mukhtar , Noor Haseeb 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of topical 2% coal tar in petroleum jelly ascompared to plain petroleum jelly (Emollient) in the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis inchildren 1 to 16 years of age.Study Design: Quasi-experimental study design.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Capital HospitalIslamabad, Pakistan over a period of six months, from January 2023 to July 2023.Methods: A total of 68 patients, 34 in each group who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.Group- A received topical 2% coal tar in petroleum jelly while Group B was only administered plain petroleumjelly, twice daily for 12 weeks. The response was recorded using the eczema area severity index (EASI) and thenanalyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.Results: The mean age and the duration of disease in Group-A was 6.8±4.8 years & 27.9±28.0 monthsrespectively, while it was 4.9±3.7 years & 20.9±18.2 months in Group-B. Males were predominant in Group-Bn= 21 (61.8%), while males and females were equal in Group-A n=17 (50%). Final analysis at 12 weekscomparing the EASI revealed that treatment of Group-A (52.9%) was more effective than Group-B (17.7%). Thedifference being statistically significant (P=0.002).Conclusion: Topical 2% coal tar in petroleum jelly was more effective than petroleum jelly alone in treating mildto moderate AD in the pediatric population.
How to cite this: Erfan M, Ali U, Sajid W, Syed TM, Noor H. Efficacy of 2% Coal Tar in Petroleum Jelly Over Plain Petroleum Jelly (Emollient) In The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Population. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 452-458. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.545
Comparative Potential of Histological Effect in Antioxidants to Prevent Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity in Male Infertility in Rats
Authors: Jan Rahmat Ullah , Yunas Salman , Ara Nighat , Badar Adnan , Amjid Mohammad , Fareed Shahid , Rinkeviciute Jurate 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This research intended to compare histological impacts of various antioxidants in preventingdoxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity and subsequent male infertility in rats.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Animal House and Histopathology Laboratory ofPeshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan from May 2023 to April 2024.Methods: An overall of 120 male rats were included in the research. The rats were divided into six groups: thecontrol group, the doxorubicin only group, and four treatment groups receiving doxorubicin along withdifferent antioxidants. The antioxidants administered were Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10, andSelenium. Histological analyses were performed on testicular tissues post-treatment to assess the extent ofdamage and protective effects of the antioxidants.Results: The doxorubicin only group showed statistically significant histological damage, including markedreductions in spermatogenesis and degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Antioxidant treated groupsdemonstrated significant protective effects, with the Selenium group exhibiting the highest level of protection,closely resembling the control group, followed by Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10, which also providedsubstantial preservation of testicular structure.Conclusion: The study concluded that antioxidants, particularly Selenium, Vitamin E, and Coenzyme Q10,provided significant protection against doxorubicin induced testicular toxicity in rats. These findings suggestedpossible use of these antioxidants in mitigating male infertility associated with doxorubicin therapy.
How to cite this: Jan RU, Yunas S, Ara N, Amjid M, Fareed S, Rinkeviciute J, Badar A. Comparative Potential Of Histological Effect In Antioxidants To Prevent Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity In Male Infertility In Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 544-551. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.736
Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Histomorphological Changes in Rat Mandible Induced by Intramuscular Injection of Botox in Masseter
Authors: Iram Maria , Kiani Muhammad Rizwan Bashir , Qamar Abdullah , Atta Muhammad Fahad , Shan Maryam , Zia Muhammad Sarwar 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the histomorphological changes in rat mandible induced by injectionbotox in masseter muscle and to assess the possible remedial effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE) on histomorphology of the rat mandibular condylar cartilage.Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Pathology, ArmyMedical College Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 16th June 2020 to 07th August 2020, with the collaboration of theMilitary Hospital, Rawalpindi and the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad.Methods: Forty, healthy, female (non-pregnant) “Sprague Dawley rats”, 10 weeks of age with weight of 200-250gm were selected and divided into four groups. Group A control, Groups B, C and D were experimentalgroups. Group B was sham injected whilst group C and D were injected by botox in left masseter muscle. GroupD was treated with Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract for 1 month whereas rats from group B and C weregiven saline solution as a vehicle. H&E and Toluidine Blue after decalcification of the mandible were used forstaining. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 23. The P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. One-wayanalysis of variance was applied followed by Tukey's post-Hoc test to seek distinction of quantitative variablesbetween the groups.Result: Botox injected group C developed changes when compared with the control group A and sham group B,including the discontinuation of the condylar cartilage surface and chondrocyte hypertrophy, cluster formationand disorientation of chondron columns. The experiment did not show any improvement in experimentalgroup D after treatment with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.Conclusion: The administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract did not yield the expectedimprovements in the histomorphology of the mandibular condylar cartilage.
How to cite this: Iram M, Kiani MRB, Qamar A, Atta MF, Shan M, Zia MS. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Histomorphological Changes in Rat Mandible Induced by Intramuscular Injection of Botox in Masseter. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 482-490. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.766
Antioxidant Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Apple Cider Vinegar in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Nazir Ruqaiya , Saeed Muniza , Lodhi Hifza Noor , Mustafa Ghulam , Naeem Seher , Rashid Zunnera 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Comparison between the antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil and apple cider vinegar in ratsinduced with diabetes mellitus type 2.Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: This Study was conducted in Postgraduate Medical Institute, Animal House,Lahore, Pakistan from May 2021 to June 2021.Methods: In this study, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups i.e., Group I was NC (negativecontrol), Group II PC (positive control), Group III EVOO (Extra virgin olive oil) and Group IV (Apple cider vinegar),each group having 10 rats. Diabetes was induced in all rats except the rats of NC group at the start of the study by intraperitoneal administration of injection nicotinamide, followed by injection Streptozosin (STZ) after 15minutes. Group III was given 1ml/100gBW/ day EVOO and Group IV was given 2ml/kg BW/day diluted ACV withdistilled water in 1:5 orally for 4 weeks. Sampling was done after 4 weeks for determination of oxidative stressmarkers Malonaldehyde, Superoxide dismutase and Total antioxidant status in serum.Results: Intake of EVOO and ACV showed reduction in serum Malonaldehyde levels as compared to positivecontrol group with P-values 0.000 and 0.014 respectively. Serum superoxide dismutase activity and Totalantioxidant status were lowest in the positive control group while both the treatment groups showedsignificant enhancement in these parameters as compared to positive control group with P-value = 0.000.Conclusion: Both extra virgin olive oil and apple cider vinegar have antioxidant effects in type 2 diabetic rats.However, Extra virgin olive oil is more potent.
How to cite this: Nazir R, Saeed M, Lodhi HN, Mustafa G, Naeem S, Chaudry ZR. Antioxidant Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Apple Cider Vinegar in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 559-564. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.780
Internet Gaming among Medical Students: Its Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Bajwa Asif Azeem , Ali Sikandar , Tahir Junaid , Nazir Tashfeen Bin , Asif Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of Internet gaming disorder among medical students and its impact onQuality of life on these students.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in a tertiary care Mental Health Facility Armed ForcesInstitute of Mental Health (AFIMH) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2022.Methods: Basic demographic data including age, gender, medical college and year of study amongconsecutively sampled 950 participants was recorded. Each participant was given internet gaming Disorderscore (IGD) and world health organization quality of life assessment score (WHO-QoL) to ascertain level ofinvolvement in internet gaming and quality of life respectively. Students were to fill both forms within twentyfour hours.Results: Out of total 950 participants 30 (3.2%) students scored severe, 92 (9.7%) scored moderate, 320 (33.7%)students scored for mild levels while 508 (53.5%) attained normal or no internet gaming disorder scores.Assessment of quality of life revealed that 500 (52.6%) enjoyed good quality of life, 361 (38%) experiencedaverage quality of life while 89 (9.4%) of students experienced below average quality of life. IGD scores showhigher level of significance with quality of life among medical students (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Indulgence in internet gaming negatively affects quality of life.
How to cite this: Bajwa AA, Ali S, Tahir J, Nazir T, Asif A. Internet Gaming Among Medical Students: Its Impact On Quality Of Life. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 504-510. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.790
Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Ullah Asad , Ali Zeeshan Kausar Sayed , Ayaz Muhammad , Shabbir Khan Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Saeed Rida Fatima 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients using spot urine ACRratio and identify its associated risk factors.Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at the Department of Medicine, MuhammadTeaching Hospital (MTH) Peshawar, Pakistan from February 01, 2023, to July 31, 2023.Methods: A total of 150 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. The sample size wascalculated with a WHO sample size calculator using a reference study with a 10.8% prevalence of diabeticnephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; confidence interval = 95% and the margin of error was 5%.Results: With an SD ± 5.146, the mean age was 49 years old. There were 87 (58%) females and 63 (42%) malespresent. Out of 150 individuals, the spot urine ACR was analyzed. Of these, 47 (31%) had microalbuminuria (lessthan 300 mg/m) while, 28 patients (19%) had macroalbuminuria (more than 300 mg/m), whereas end-stagerenal disease was found in 6 (4%) with GFR < 30 ml/m -1.73 m2. A study was conducted on 150 individuals todetermine the status of diabetic nephropathy. Of these, 81 (54%) had diabetic nephropathy and 69 (46%) didnot.Conclusion: Using the spot urine ACR ratio, our study suggests that 46% of type-2 diabetic patients had diabeticnephropathy. The incidence was 24% in people with diabetes for 5–10 years and 26% in patients with diabetesfor 11–15 years. Patients with diabetes for 16 to 20 years had a 50% incidence. In conclusion, those withdiabetes for a longer period are at a much greater risk of diabetic nephropathy.
How to cite this: Ullah A, Kausar SAZ, Ayaz M, Khan MS, Ullah S, Saeed RF. Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 459-464. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.805
Impact of preoperative dental anxiety on intraoperative pain perception during tooth extraction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saeed Tooba , Ahmad Liaquat  , Ammar Niazi  , Ijaz- Ur- Rahman  , Salman Amin  , Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab  
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dental anxiety is a global concern. Due to this, patients may experience the same dental procedures differently. According to the literature, tooth extraction is a dental procedure that provokes a high level of dental anxiety. This study aims to explore the relationship between preoperative dental anxiety and intraoperative pain perception during tooth extraction. Identifying various factors that trigger dental anxiety is important for understanding psychological influences on dental experiences.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Dental Hospital, The University of Lahore. After obtaining ethical approval, 195 participants were included. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and the Visual Analog Scale were used to measure anxiety level and pain perception. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and correlation tests, were performed using SPSS software (version 25.0) to evaluate the relationships between preoperative anxiety, intraoperative pain, and various influencing variables.
RESULTS: Findings showed a significant positive correlation between preoperative anxiety and intraoperative pain perception. Females exhibited higher anxiety levels than males. Patients with a history of previous extractions or those undergoing molar extractions had increased anxiety. Interestingly, patients with high to severe anxiety reported experiencing less pain, possibly due to the expertise of the treating surgeons.
CONCLUSION: The study highlights the intricate relationship between preoperative dental anxiety and intraoperative pain during tooth extraction. Insights obtained can help develop personalized care strategies, contributing to a broader understanding of psychological aspects in dental settings. Further research with varied populations is recommended to validate the study's findings.
Labial frenum attachment and its association with oral hygiene status in patients reporting to a local tertiary care dental hospital
Authors: Maqbool Maha , Usman Manzoor  , Ahmad Danyal  , Abrar Humayun  , Nuvaira Ijaz  
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective: The labial frenum plays an important role in providing attachment between the lip and the alveolar process and at the same time contributes significantly to the maintenance of proper oral hygiene. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the labial frenum attachment in both the upper and lower jaw and investigate its potential association with the age, gender, and oral hygiene condition among individuals presenting to a local tertiary care hospital
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore over a period of six months. A total of 360 patients were included in the study after obtaining permission from the institutional ethical review committee The labial frenum type was identified and recorded for both mandible and maxilla. The oral hygiene status was accessed using the oral hygiene index (simplified). Assessment of both frenal attachment and oral hygiene was done by the same examiner to minimize the chances of any bias.
Results: Our study included a total of 360 patients with 47% (171) males and 53% (189) females. Moreover, in our study, the most common type of frenal attachment was gingival (65%), followed by mucosal (19%) and less commonly the papillary (11%) and papillary penetrating (6%) types. A strong association was observed between the frenal attachment type and oral hygiene status among our study population (P value= 0.00).
Conclusion: The association of frenal attachment with oral hygiene and gender is statistically significant.
Exploring hematological diversity, a comprehensive study of CBC variations among the population of Tehsil Kot-Momin Sargodha
Authors: Arzoo Kamran , Shaikh Muhammad Aslam , Awan ZafarLatif , Abbasi Mudaser Hussain , Anwar Awais , Akram Amna 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To ascertain the diversity and patterns observed in the complete blood count within the population of Tehsil Kot-Momin , Sargodha.
Study Design: Observational Cross Sectional Study
Place of Study: Rai Medical College,Sargodha
Materials & Methods: A comprehensive collection of 401 CBC samples was meticoulously acquired from individuals at Medina Medical Complex in Kot-Momin ,Sargodha, subsequent to securing verbal informed consent. Subsequent research activities were conducted at Rai Medical College,Sargodha, post-recipt of sanction from the institutional ethical review committee. The time frame for data accumulation extended from june 2023 through August 2023 and the results were analyzed on SPSS Ver 27.
Results: The study aimed to explore gender differences in hematological parameters among a sample of 401 individuals. Key findings indicated significant gender-based variations in hemoglobin (p < 0.001), total RBC count ( p< 0.001), hematocrit (p <0.001) , platlelt count (p=0.008), and mean platelet volume (MPV) (p=0.033). In this investigation, male subjects were observed to possess higher mean concentration of hemoplobin , total erythrocyte count and hematocrit levels relative to their female counterparts, who demonstrated an augmented mean thrombocyte count. Significantly, the mean thrombocyte volume (MTV)-a proxy for platelet volume - was markedly distinct between genders, alluding to potential differences in thrombocyte function or production. Conversly, the study revealed no statistically significant disparities in parameters such as leukocyte count (WBC) , mean corpuscular volume ( MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) , mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and proportions of hematocrit (PCT), as well as neutrophil,lymphocyte ,monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, thereby indicating a homogeneity in these hematological indices across genders.
Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive analysis of variations in hematological parameters across different groups, highlighting significant differences in hemoglobin , total RBC count, hematocrit, platelet count and mean platelet volume. These findings underscore the potential influence of biological and physiological factors on blood profiles, suggesting a need for personalized approaches in the interpretation of hematological data for clinical or diagnostic purposes.
Incidencia de un plan basado en comunicación asertiva para los conflictos de convivencia escolar
Authors: Arteaga Quintero Rosauris del Carmen 
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo contextualiza desde diferentes visiones la problemática social que se vive al interior de las instituciones educativas a raíz de los conflictos de convivencia escolar en niños, niñas, jóvenes y adolescente. Teniendo en cuenta que convivir es un acto social que debe prevalecer e incentivarse desde las escuelas, hoy la realidad muestra ámbitos escolares hostiles, deserción y bajos rendimientos académicos en consecuencia a situaciones de conflictos al interior y fuera del aula, en donde se hace necesario que el docente asuma un rol de mediador frente a la implementación de estrategias que le permitan minimizar la violencia escolar y potencializar en sus estudiantes el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades comunicativas que le permita la solución de conflictos desde la comunicación asertiva para la concertación y el diálogo.