bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genomic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers using whole genome sequencing reveals multiple distinct genotypes with potential clinical impact
Authors: van Dessel Lisanne F. , van Riet Job , Smits Minke , Zhu Yanyun , Hamberg Paul , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Bergman Andries M. , van Oort Inge M. , de Wit Ronald , Voest Emile E. , Steeghs Neeltje , Martens John W.M. , Sleijfer Stefan , Cuppen Edwin , Zwart Wilbert , van de Werken Harmen J.G. , Mehra Niven , Lolkema Martijn P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere we present whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of fresh-frozen metastatic biopsies from 197 castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Using hierarchical unsupervised clustering based on genomic aberrations only, we defined eight different clusters. We detected four distinct and potentially clinically relevant genotypes harboring unique genomic features, including: 1) Microsatellite Instability; 2) Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) with enriched genomic deletions and BRCA2 aberrations; 3) tandem duplication phenotype associated with biallelic CDK12 mutations; and 4) a subgroup enriched for chromothripsis events. Our data suggest that classifying patients using WGS characteristics may improve classification of HRD patients. Moreover, we confirmed that important regulators of AR-mediated signaling are located in non-coding regions. Using ChIP sequencing data, we showed that the amplified AR and MYC promoter regions contain open chromatin and bind AR, suggesting a role in AR mediated biology. Thus, high-resolution WGS may be used to improve patient stratification.
The Molecular Mass and Isoelectric Point of Plant Proteomes
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Khan Abdullatif , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA proteomic analysis of proteomes from 145 plant species revealed apIrange of 1.99 (epsin) to 13.96 (hypothetical protein). The molecular mass of the plant proteins ranged from 0.54 to 2236.8 kDa. A putative Type-I polyketide synthase (22244 amino acids) inVolvox carteriwas found to be the largest protein in the plant kingdom and was not found in higher plant species. Titin (806.46 kDa) and misin/midasin (730.02 kDa) were the largest proteins identified in higher plant species. ThepIand molecular weight of the plant proteome exhibited a trimodal distribution. An acidicpI(56.44% of proteins) was found to be predominant over a basicpI(43.34% of proteins) and the abundance of acidicpIproteins was higher in unicellular algae species relative to multicellular higher plants. In contrast, the seaweed,Porphyra umbilicalis, possesses a higher proportion of basicpIproteins (70.09%). Plant proteomes were also found to contain the amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is the first report of the presence of this amino acid in plants. Additionally, plant proteomes also possess ambiguous amino acids Xaa (unknown), Asx (asparagine or aspartic acid), Glx (glutamine or glutamic acid), and Xle (leucine or isoleucine) as well.
Inter-thinker consistency of language activations during abstract thoughts
Authors: Berkovich-Ohana Aviva , Noy Niv , Harel Michal , Furman-Haran Edna , Arieli Amos , Malach Rafael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman brain imaging typically employs structured and controlled tasks to avoid variable and inconsistent activation patterns. Here we argue against this assumption by showing that an extremely open-ended, high level cognitive task-loosely defined as “abstract thinking” leads to a precise, and highly consistent activation maps. Thus we show that activation maps generated during such cognitive process were precisely located relative to borders of well-known networks such as internal speech, visual and motor imagery.The activation patterns allowed decoding the thought condition at >95%.Surprisingly, the activated networks remained the same regardless of changes in thought content. Finally, we found a remarkably consistent activation map across individuals engaged in abstract thinking. The activation to abstract thinking bordered, but strictly avoided visual and motor networks. On the other hand, it partly overlapped with left lateralized language networks. These observations were supported by a quantitative neuronal distance metric analysis. Our results reveal that despite its high level, and varied content nature-abstract thinking activates surprisingly precise and consistent networks in the participants’ brains.’Thinker’ refers to: The agent of thought; Intellectual, one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas” (Wikipedia).
An alternatively spliced zebrafishjnk1atranscript has an essential and non-redundant role in development of the first heart field derived proximal ventricular chamber
Authors: Santos-Ledo A , Washer S , Dhanaseelan T , Chrystal P , Papoutsi T , Henderson DJ , Chaudhry B 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlternative splicing is a ubiquitous mechanism for producing different mRNA species from a single gene, resulting in proteomic diversity. Despite potential for regulating embryogenesis, its developmental role remains under-investigated. TheJun kinase(Jnk) genes, considered downstream effectors of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity pathway, utilise extensive and evolutionarily-conserved alternative splicing. Although many PCP members are associated with heart malformation, the role ofJnkgenes in cardiac development, and specifically which alternatively spliced transcripts orchestrate these processes, remain unknown. In this study we exploit thejnk1duplication and subspecialisation found in zebrafish to reveal an essential and non-redundant requirement forjnk1ain cardiac development. We characterise alternatively splicedjnk1a/jnk1btranscripts and demonstrate that hypoplasia of the proximal ventricular component, which corresponds to human hypoplastic left ventricle, can only be rescued by thejnk1a Ex7 Lgtranscript. These studies highlight the importance of Jnk signalling and alternative splicing in heart development
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices about antibiotic resistance among medical students in India
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Vohra Chirag , Raghav Pankaja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance, there is a need to change the knowledge and behavior of future prescribers regarding use and prescription of antibiotics. This can be ensured through the appropriate training of next generation doctors and medical students. But, before planning or strengthening any teaching or training program for any group, it is required to have a conclusive evidence about knowledge, attitude and practices of that group. With this background this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of medical students in India with respect to antibiotic resistance and usageMethodsIt was a cross-sectional study which was done online through google forms. A semi-structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert scale was used for the data collection. The questionnaire was sent to medical students across India by sharing link through contacts of Medical Students Association of India. Respondent-driven sampling technique was also adopted for the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.25 and Microsoft Excel 2016.ResultsThe overall mean score of awareness for the students was 4.36 + 0.39. As compared to first year students, mean score of awareness was significantly higher among students of all the years. A significantly better awareness was also observed among pre final year students as compared to other years. Variable practices have been observed regarding use of antibiotics among medical students.ConclusionThe awareness level of medical students regarding antibiotics and its resistance was quite satisfactory. As far as attitude and practices are concerned, there is a significant need for improvements.
Efficient callus induction and completion of regeneration in kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus
Authors: Odahara Masaki , Horii Yoko , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Numata Keiji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus, is a fiber-enriched plant belonging to Malvaceae and is an important fiber crop. The features of kenaf of being fast-growing and fiber-enriched suggest the potential for the use of kenaf in biomass and materials; however, the complete regeneration procedure, which is essential for genetic modification, is lacking. Here, we report the complete regeneration of kenaf from cotyledon explants achieved by callus induction on an improved callus-inducing medium and shoot induction on a shoot-inducing medium and by seed setting under a regulated growth condition in a chamber. Our complete regeneration method will enable the production of stably transformed kenaf that can improve the properties of kenaf as a material.
Competitiveness and managerial discretion: an empirical investigation at the national-level
Authors: Haj Youssef Moustafa Salman , Hussein Hiba Maher , Christodoulou Ioannis 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the national-level predictors of country competitiveness using the concept of managerial discretion. The objective is to empirically link the strategic management discipline particularly the upper echelon theory to the concept of country performance measured by competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper tests the proposed relationship between managerial discretion and country competitiveness using a sample of 18 countries from 6 different regional clusters. Discretion scores are generated from survey responses of prominent senior management consultants, while country competitiveness is measured via the Global Competitiveness Index developed by the World Economic Forum. A multi-level regression analysis on the panel data set spanning 10 years of national competitiveness levels is used to empirically demonstrate the association between managerial discretion and country competitiveness.FindingsThe authors show that managerial discretion is a direct predictor of national competitiveness through its ability to provide CEOs with a wider array of actions to innovate and enhance firm performance which will ultimately contribute to country competitiveness.Practical implicationsThe positive influence of managerial discretion on country competitiveness provide an interesting framework to examine the influence of firms over public policy-making. Additionally, with businesses becoming increasingly globalized, the profile of countries becomes of a great importance and can become a tool for corporate strategic decisions, such as: market entry strategies.Originality/valueBy linking the well-known term of competitiveness to the concept of managerial discretion, the authors provide a totally new approach to assess country performance. Additionally, this paper contributes to the growing literature of managerial discretion by discovering new national-level consequences.
Export competitiveness with border-sharing countries: an assessment of Pakistan
Authors: Munir Kashif , Sultan Maryam 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the export competitiveness of Pakistan with border-sharing countries, i.e. Afghanistan, China, India and Iran for the year 2014.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) index to measure export competitiveness with border-sharing countries. The study has split the results into highest and marginal comparative advantage and disadvantage according to the rank.FindingsPakistan is exporting 160, 155, 133 and 60 commodities at three-digit level of Standard International Trade Code (Rev 3) classification to Afghanistan, China, India and Iran, respectively. The results suggest that Pakistan has highest and marginal comparative disadvantage in more than half of these commodities exported to border-sharing countries. Pakistan can improve its market share for rice in Afghanistan, China and Iran. Special measures and productive efforts are required to improve the export competitiveness of cotton, textile yarn and cotton fabric in border-sharing countries.Practical implicationsPakistan has to adopt special strategies to improve the competitiveness of those commodities that fall in marginal comparative advantage and disadvantage. To increase the volume of cross-border trading, political and diplomatic channels are required among the countries especially the border-sharing countries.Originality/valueExport competitiveness of Pakistan is analyzed for all the commodities exported to border-sharing countries and categorized into highest and marginal comparative advantage and disadvantage. To avoid the problem of asymmetry in Balassa index revealed comparative advantage, RSCA index is used.
Maximizing expected contractor profit using an integrated model
Authors: Alavipour S.M. Reza , Arditi David 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Planning for increased contractor profits should start at the time the contract is signed because low profits and lack of profitability are the primary causes of contractor failure. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated profit maximization model (IPMM) that aims for maximum expected profit by using time-cost tradeoff analysis, adjusted start times of activities, minimized financing cost and minimized extension of work schedule beyond the contract duration. This kind of integrated approach was never researched in the past.

Design/methodology/approach
IPMM is programmed into an automated system using MATLAB 2016a. It generates an optimal work schedule that leads to maximum profit by means of time-cost tradeoff analysis considering different activity acceleration/deceleration methods and adjusting the start/finish times of activities. While doing so, IPMM minimizes the contractor’s financing cost by considering combinations of different financing alternatives such as short-term loans, long-term loans and lines of credit. IPMM also considers the impact of extending the project duration on project profit.

Findings
IPMM is tested for different project durations, for the optimality of the solutions, differing activity start/finish times and project financing alternatives. In all cases, contractors can achieve maximum profit by using IPMM.

Research limitations/implications
IPMM considers a deterministic project schedule, whereas stochastic time-cost tradeoff analysis can improve its performance. Resource allocation and resource leveling are not considered in IPMM, but can be incorporated into the model in future research. Finally, the long computational time is a challenge that needs to be overcome in future research.

Practical implications
IPMM is likely to increase profits and improve the chances of contractors to survive and grow compared to their competitors. The practical value of IPMM is that any contractor can and should use IPMM since all the data required to run IPMM is available to the contractor at the time the contract is signed. The contractor who provides information about network logic, schedule data, cost data, contractual terms, and available financing alternatives and their APRs can use an automated IPMM that adjusts activity start times and durations, minimizes financing cost, eliminates or minimizes time extensions, minimizes total cost and maximizes expected profit.

Originality/value
Unlike any prior study that looks into contractors’ profits by considering the impact of only one or two factors at a time, this study presents an IPMM that considers all major factors that affect profits, namely, time-cost tradeoff analysis, adjusted start times of activities, minimized financing cost and minimized extension of work schedule beyond the contract duration.
WinChannel’s digital gambit to revitalize rural China
Authors: Moran Peter , Chng Daniel Han Ming , Zhao Liman 
Published: February 2019

Learning outcomes
Following are the learning outcomes: to understand how the tools and frameworks of strategic analysis can be applied to understand the evolution of value creation and capture in the FMCG industry; to analyze the core competencies of a company and understand their relevance in this fast-changing industry; to understand how to evaluate the pros and cons of a certain strategy and business model; and to develop strategic recommendations.

Case overview/synopsis
The case series traces the developments in China’s FMCG industry from the early 2010s to 2017, in general, and the efforts of Beijing WinChannel Software Technology Co., Ltd. (WinChannel) and its affiliated company, Huixiadan, in their attempt to apply new digital technologies to transform the traditional trade channel, in particular. The decision point of Case A, in early 2015, is how WinChannel can help improve the reach and efficiency of the traditional trade channel and wonders if the emerging online/mobile B2B FMCG platforms are the right solution for the increasingly digitized FMCG retail industry in China. The decision point of Case B, at the end of 2017, is how could Huixiadan’s business model be sustainable and what it should do to withstand the competitive threats even as it tries to exploit opportunities in the traditional FMCG industry in China.

Complexity academic level
It can be used with MBAs, EMBAs and senior executives.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 11: Strategy.
Entrepreneurship education and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions
Authors: Otache Innocent 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptually explore the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions. Specifically, the paper aims to examine the effect of paid-employment intention on the relationship between EE and self-employment intention.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviewed extensively related literature on EE, entrepreneurial intentions and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The detailed literature review undertaken formed the basis for the development of the conceptual framework.

Findings
It is found that undergraduate students have two opposing employment intentions within them, namely, self- and paid-employment intentions. The two employment intentions interact and have a tendency to dominate each other, and consequently lead to different employment behaviours. The dominant employment intention determines whether a graduate will exhibit self- or paid-employment behaviour. This confirms that graduates are faced with two career paths or choices, namely, self- and paid-employment.

Research limitations/implications
It is not an empirical paper. Thus, the conceptual framework needs to be further empirically tested. More specifically, the proposition that undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions moderate the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions needs to be empirically validated.

Practical implications
This paper provides some insightful and practical implications for the government and the policymakers in the education sector, particularly in tackling the menace of graduate unemployment and its associated problems. It provides an insight into the problem of graduate unemployment. The government and the policymakers should initiate enlightenment programmes that will reorient undergraduate students away from having the mentality of securing paid-jobs after graduation. Equally, undergraduate students should be enlightened about the difficulties in securing paid-jobs and the benefits of being a self-employed graduate.

Originality/value
It is the first to explore the moderating effect of undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions on the relationship between EE and their self-employment intentions. Therefore, it makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on EE and entrepreneurial intentions. It further strengthens the TPB by applying it to explain how undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions could neutralise the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions.
Instabilities of SWCNT conveying laminar, incompressible and viscous fluid flow
Authors: Oveissi Soheil , Toghraie Davood , Eftekhari S. Ali , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study aims to study the transverse vibration and instabilities of the fluid-conveying single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To this purpose, the Euler–Bernoulli beam model is used. Also, the surface effects, small-size effects of the both fluid and structure and two different elastic mediums viscoelastic and Pasternak elastic are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
To consider the nano-scale for the CNT, the strain-inertia gradient theory is used and to solve the governing equation of motion for the system, the Galerkin’s method is used. The effect of the flow velocity, aspect ratio, characteristic lengths of the mentioned theory, effects of Knudsen number and effects of the Winkler, the Pasternak elastic and the viscoelastic medium on the frequencies and stabilities of the system are studied. The effects of the above parameters on the vibrational behavior are investigated both separately and simultaneously.

Findings
The results show that the critical flow velocity value is increased as the aspect ratio, characteristic lengths, Winkler modulus, shear and damping factors increase. Also, the critical flow velocity is increased by considering the surface effects. In addition, the consequence of increase in the nano-flow-size effects (Knudsen number) is decreasing the critical flow velocity. Moreover, it can be observed that the effect of the shear factor on increasing the critical flow velocity is different from the rest of parameters.

Originality/value
Use of Timoshenko and modified couple stress theories and taking into account Von-Karman expressions for investigating the nonlinear vibrations of triple-walled CNTs buried within Pasternak foundation.
Effect of long-term orientation on voluntary security actions
Authors: Aurigemma Salvatore , Mattson Thomas 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact an individual’s long-term orientation (a cultural dimension) has on their attitude, behavioral intention and actual voluntary security actions taken in the context of the dangers related to poor account access management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper relied upon survey data and actual usage information from a culturally diverse sample of 227 individuals who were introduced to the specific security problem and the accepted solution of using a password manager application.FindingsThe paper provides empirical evidence that the effect of positive attitudes increased when individuals were more long-term oriented, but the effect was reversed for average/negative attitudes toward the voluntary security behavior. Furthermore, participants with high long-term orientation and strong positive attitudes toward the security action actually adopted password manager applications 57 per cent more than the average adoption rate across the sample.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the research approach (survey data), security context and sample population, the research results may lack generalizability.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that security awareness messaging and training should account for differences in long-term orientation of the target audience and integrate the distinctly different types of messages that have been shown to improve an individual’s participation in voluntary security actions.Originality/valueThe paper addresses previous research calls for examining possible cultural differences that impact security behaviors and is the only study that has focused on the impact of long-term orientation, specifically on voluntary security actions.