bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Higher-Order Thinking Skills Content in Chinese High School Mathematics Textbook
Authors: Huang Guihua , Han Wenying , Liu Yiyao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is a case study with quantitative analysis methods. It aims to explore the proportion of contents for HOTS within Chinese mathematical textbooks.The study defined HOTS in mathematics and provided an assessment framework based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The assessment framework was then used to categorize all exercise questions in the Chinese senior high school mathematics textbook. The instrument content validity was obtained through the focus group discussion forum, and the Delphi technique. The result shows that HOTS accounts for 48.18%, dominated by questions classified as analyzing (C1) totaling around 40.08%, there are still a few questions classified as evaluating (C2) of around 6.48% or creating (C3) around 1.62%, which reflects China's emphasis on cultivating students’ HOTS.
A Study on the Value Orientation of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Contents in Mathematics Textbooks: Based on the Analysis of the Primary School Mathematics Textbooks Published by PEP
Authors: Li Wanyue , Zhang Weizhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of Chinese excellent traditional culture into mathematics textbooks is an important measure to realize the fundamental task of moral education. Through the analysis of the excellent traditional Chinese culture content and its value orientation in the fourth grade mathematics textbooks of The People’s Education Press, it is found that the selection of cultural content is diversified, especially focus of state level of culture. The value structure of cultural education is complete, highlighting patriotism and concerns about science and culture; The teaching value of culture emphasizes on promoting problem raising, problem solving and deeper understanding through examples and cultural situations. There are various forms of cultural integration and its depth needs to be strengthened. The integration of Chinese excellent traditional culture into future mathematics textbooks can be improved from the following aspects: rationally examining the educational value and teaching value of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and constructing the target system; Based on the essence of the value of Chinese excellent traditional culture, clear principles of the integration; Optimize the content composition of cultural choice, highlight the value inheritance power of mathematics textbooks; Adjust the form structure of integration.
A Comparative Study of the Contents of “Plural” in Chinese and Japanese High School Mathematics Courses
Authors: Li Baozhen , Zhang Lina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelect China taught A high school math teaching material with book research mathematics textbook edition of the "plural" content as the research object, from chapter theme page, knowledge structure, column. The results show that there is a close connection between old and new knowledge in the theme page of the textbook chapter, the column design structure is rich, the basic knowledge is emphasized and the content distribution is focused, and the difficulty of example exercises is relatively low. The theme page of the chapter focuses on the introduction of mathematical history, the column design is simple, the content of knowledge expansion is extensive and comprehensive, and the comprehensive difficulty of examples and exercises is high. On this basis, we get some enlightenment on the compilation of complex content in Chinese textbooks.
Opportunities to Learn Mathematical Modelling in NCM Primary Textbook: A Case Study of NCM Textbook for Grade 6
Authors: Wang Tian , Tian Yanyan , Yang Jiaxin , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMathematical modelling has become an important part of mathematics curriculum standards in many countries and needs to be focused and developed in textbooks. In order to obtain specific details about mathematical modelling in the mathematics textbooks and compare mathematical modelling across Oriental and Western mathematics textbooks, this study provides a unified analytical framework to present mathematical modelling within textbooks. Meanwhile, this paper examined two volumes of New Century Mathematics textbooks based on this new framework and connected the results with prior research to discuss the features of Chinese textbooks design regarding to mathematical modelling. Moreover, this framework could also be applicable to examine mathematical modelling in the textbooks in the future studies.
A Study on Learning Progression of Mathematics Teaching Material with Big Idea—Take Probability as an Example
Authors: Meng Hui , Wu Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe curriculum standard for general high school in China puts forward the concept of subject as the core to promote the cultivation of students’ core literacy. The mathematics teaching material is developed with a “big idea”, and learning progression is based on the “big perspective” of students’ cognitive development to complete the teaching structure. Taking the probability theme of mathematics material of the PEP edition as an example, this paper analyzes the material thoroughly, extracts the conceptual hierarchy, and constructs the learning progression model based on Jones's theory, to accurately grasp the changes in students’ learning to think.
A Comparative Analysis of the Time Content in Textbooks from Eight Countries
Authors: Sun Xinghua , Wu Qian , Song Qianqian , Shi Yingwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we report on a comparison of the treatment of the time content in primary mathematics textbooks used in eight countries, involved China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, France, Germany, Russia, and the United States. For this purpose, we develop and apply a framework to analyse the similarities and differences of the time content in textbooks, especially the distribution characteristics of time concepts at different cognitive stages and the involved sub-concepts. We find both similarities and differences co-exist in the arrangement structure and grade distribution among these textbooks. We also draw on the results and our analysis to provide suggestions and directions for future textbook compiling about the time content.
Giving a Boost to Textbook Tasks
Authors: Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen Marja , Madsen Dag Oskar , Alstad Monica , Breckan Ruth-Amalie , Johansen Anne Marthe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the generally acknowledged relevance of providing students with rich, challenging tasks that require genuine problem solving, several studies have shown that these tasks are often lacking in textbooks. Bringing new textbooks to the market might feel as a logical solution for this, but maybe there is also another way of resolving this problem in which teachers can also play a pivotal role: Enriching textbook tasks. In this paper we report about a case study carried out in a Norwegian fifth-grade classroom in which we explored Denisse Thompson’s suggestion (2012) to make textbooks richer by modifying existing textbook exercises. The focus in our study is on multi-digit algorithmic subtraction. The analysis of the students’ worksheets shows some interesting differences between the original and the enriched tasks.
Research on the Consistency Between Contents of Probability and Statistics of Compulsory Mathematics Textbook for Senior High School of Hunan Version and Curriculum Standards
Authors: Wang Jie , Lv Shihu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper uses the methods of content analysis, data statistics and comparative analysis, a “Survey of the Enacted Curriculum Model” is adopted to conduct consistency analysis from two dimensions: content subject and level (cognitive and process). The results show that body content of textbook and the Curriculum Standard have the strongest consistency in Comprehensive Level; textbook exercises and the Curriculum Standard have the strongest consistency in Mastery Level; the consistency between the body content of textbooks and the curriculum standard is basically the same at the level of Exploration and Experience.
An Empirical Study on Fifth Grade Students Using Statistical Model to Solve Practical Problems
Authors: Xie Qinnan , Zhang Qinqiong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStatistical model is one of the mathematical models. Knowing which statistical models students will use in solving problems and their level is helpful to cultivate students’ statistical modelling capability. This study is based on the New Century Mathematics (NCM), one of the mainstream textbooks in China. Taking the unit “Fallen Leaves on Campus” in the field of synthesis and practical teaching in Grade 5 as an example, by means of the method of personal interview, it is found that students will utilize descriptive models and inferential models when solving the tasks of “calculating the area of a fallen leaf” and “counting the number of leaves of a tree”. And it is also found that students have shortage in the awareness of selecting representative data and difficulties in solving the problem of “counting the number of leaves of a tree”. Therefore, this paper put forward two suggestions for the compilation of the content of “Synthesis and Practice” in mathematics teaching materials: first, more activities and opportunities for students to choose appropriate data can be added in the compilation of teaching materials; second, it is required to consider whether students can really complete the tasks in the textbook.
Textbook Analysis Framework and Case Analysis Pointing to Mathematical Modeling Literacy—Taking the Version of Hunan Education Press’ “Mathematical Modeling” as an Example
Authors: Zhang Bin , Qi Chunxia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMathematical modeling is the basic means to solve practical problems, and also an important component of the core quality of mathematics. High school mathematics textbooks pay close attention to the implementation of mathematical modeling activities and mathematical inquiry activities. The article makes an in-depth analysis of the content of the teaching material from two aspects of mathematical modeling knowledge and mathematical modeling topics, and proposes that the arrangement of mathematical modeling content can effectively implement the requirements of the requirements of the new high school curriculum standard for mathematical modeling activities, and suggests that the “1+1” mode should be adopted to coordinate with the scientific evaluation, and the implementation of the normal course and special course teaching of mathematical modeling.
Cosmological collider non-Gaussianity from multiple scalars and R2 gravity
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro , Ghoshal Anish , Strumia Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cosmological collider signals of primordial non-Gaussianity arise at tree level when an extra scalar has Hubble mass during inflation. We critically review the formalism finding that a large class of inflationary theories, based on Planck-scale physics, predict a scalar bi-spectrum around the gravitational floor level. This mild signal arises for example in R2 gravity, in the regime where its gravitational scalar has Hubble-scale mass. Signals much above the gravitational floor arise in theories where scalars undergo multiple turns during inflation, thanks to sub-Planckian physics.
Large landscape of 4d superconformal field theories from small gauge theories
Authors: Cho Minseok , Maruyoshi Kazunobu , Nardoni Emily , Song Jaewon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We systematically explore the space of renormalization group flows of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) triggered by relevant deformations, as well as by coupling to free chiral multiplets with relevant operators. In this way, we classify all possible fixed point SCFTs that can be obtained from certain rank 1 and 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with small amount of matter multiplets, identifying 7,346 inequivalent fixed points which pass a series of non-trivial consistency checks. This set of fixed points exhibits interesting statistical behaviors, including a narrow distribution of central charges (a, c), a correlation between the number of relevant operators and the ratio a/c, and trends in the lightest operator dimension versus a/c. The ratio a/c of this set is distributed between 0.7228 and 1.2100, where the upper bound is larger than that of previously known interacting SCFTs. Moreover, we find a plethora of highly non-perturbative phenomena, such as (super)symmetry enhancements, operator decoupling, non-commuting renormalization group flows, and dualities. We especially identify amongst these fixed points a new SCFT that has smaller central charges $$ \left(a,c\right)=\left(\frac{633}{2000},\frac{683}{2000}\right) $$

a
c

=

633
2000

683
2000

than that of the deformed minimal Argyres-Douglas theory, as well as novel Lagrangian duals for certain $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 deformed Argyres-Douglas theories. We provide a website https://qft.kaist.ac.kr/landscape to navigate through our set of fixed points.
Strings near black holes are Carrollian. Part II
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Banerjee Aritra , Hartong Jelle , Have Emil , Kolekar Kedar S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study classical closed bosonic strings probing the near-horizon region of a non-extremal black hole and show that this corresponds to understanding string theory in the Carroll regime. This is done by first performing a Carroll expansion and then a near-horizon expansion of a closed relativistic string, subsequently showing that they agree. Concretely, we expand the phase space action in powers of c2, where c is the speed of light, assuming that the target space admits a string Carroll expansion (where two directions are singled out) and show that there exist two different Carroll strings: a magnetic and an electric string. The magnetic string has a Lorentzian worldsheet, whereas the worldsheet of the electric string is Carrollian. The geometry near the horizon of a four-dimensional (4D) Schwarzschild black hole takes the form of a string Carroll expansion (a 2D Rindler space fibred over a 2-sphere). We show that the solution space of relativistic strings near the horizon bifurcates and the two sectors precisely match with the magnetic/electric Carroll strings with an appropriate target space. Magnetic Carroll strings near a black hole shrink to a point on the two-sphere and either follow null geodesics or turn into folded strings on the 2D Rindler spacetime. Electric Carroll strings wrap the two-sphere and follow a massive geodesic in the Rindler space. Finally, we show that 4D non-extremal Kerr and Reissner-Nordström black holes also admit string Carroll expansions near their outer horizons, indicating that our formulation extends to generic non-extremal black holes.
Chiral separation effect from holographic QCD
Authors: Gallegos Domingo , Järvinen Matti , Weitz Eamonn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We analyze the chiral separation effect (CSE) in QCD by using the gauge/gravity duality. In QCD, this effect arises from a combination of chiral anomalies and the axial U(1) anomaly. Due to the axial gluon anomaly, the value of the CSE conductivity is not determined by the anomalies of QCD but receives radiative corrections, which leads to nontrivial dependence on temperature and density. To analyze this dependence, we use different variants of the V-QCD, a complex holographic model, carefully fitted to QCD data. We find our results for the anomalous CSE conductivity at small chemical potential and nonzero temperature to be in good qualitative agreement with recent results from lattice QCD simulations. We furthermore give predictions for the behavior of the conductivity at finite (vectorial and axial) chemical potentials.
Soft theorems in matrix theory
Authors: Herderschee Aidan , Maldacena Juan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show that the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind matrix model for M-theory obeys the leading and subleading soft theorems expected from eleven-dimensional supergravity. The subleading soft theorem implies the amplitude is Lorentz symmetric. This is argued for general four point amplitudes, but only for restricted kinematics for five and higher point amplitudes.
Sexualität und Krebs bei Frauen
Authors: Hofmann Konstantin , Hasenburg Annette 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungSexualität kann das Krebsrisiko durch sexuell übertragbare Infektionen wie HPV (humane Papillomviren), HIV (humanes Immundefizienzvirus) oder Hepatitisviren, aber auch Lebensstilfaktoren beeinflussen. Präventive Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise HPV-Impfungen und ein verantwortungsbewusstes Sexualverhalten, senken das Krebsrisiko. Eine Krebsdiagnose und die damit verbundenen Therapien können zu sexuellen Funktionsstörungen führen. Über 60 % der krebskranken Frauen und 40 % der Männer leiden unter sexuellen Funktionsstörungen. Eine offene Kommunikation und eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung sind entscheidend, um die Patient:innen umfassend zu unterstützen und sexuelle Funktionsstörungen gezielt zu behandeln.
Kiselman minimum principle and rooftop envelopes in complex Hessian equations
Authors: Åhag Per , Czyż Rafał , Lu Chinh H. , Rashkovskii Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe initiate the study of m-subharmonic functions with respect to a semipositive (1, 1)-form in Euclidean domains, providing a significant element in understanding geodesics within the context of complex Hessian equations. Based on the foundational Perron envelope construction, we prove a decomposition of m-subharmonic solutions, and a general comparison principle that effectively manages singular Hessian measures. Additionally, we establish a rooftop equality and an analogue of the Kiselman minimum principle, which are crucial ingredients in establishing a criterion for geodesic connectivity among m-subharmonic functions, expressed in terms of their asymptotic envelopes.
Automated assessment of brain MRIs in multiple sclerosis patients significantly reduces reading time
Authors: Sieber Victoria , Rusche Thilo , Yang Shan , Stieltjes Bram , Fischer Urs , Trebeschi Stefano , Cattin Philippe , Nguyen-Kim Dan Linh , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Lieb Johanna M. , Sporns Peter B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. We evaluate whether assessment of new, expanding, and contrast-enhancing MS lesions can be done more time-efficiently by radiologists with assistance of artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods
Baseline and three follow-up (FU) MRIs of thirty-five consecutive patients diagnosed with MS were assessed by a radiologist manually, and with assistance of an AI-tool. Results were discussed with a consultant neuroradiologist and time metrics were evaluated.

Results
The mean reading time for the resident radiologist was 9.05 min (95CI: 6.85–11:25). With AI-assistance, the reading time was reduced by 2.83 min (95CI: 3.28–2.41, p < 0.001). The reading decreased steadily from baseline to FU3 for the resident radiologist (9.85 min baseline, 9.21 FU1, 8.64 FU2 and 8.44 FU3, p < 0.001). Assistance of AI further remarkably decreased reading times during follow-ups (3.29 min FU1, 3.92 FU2, 3.79 FU3, p < 0.001) but not at baseline (0.26 min, p = 0.96). The baseline reading time of the resident radiologist was 5.04 min (p < 0.001), with each lesion adding 0.14 min (p < 0.001). There was a substantial decrease in the baseline reading time from 5.04 min to 1.59 min (p = 0.23) with AI-assistance. Discussion of the reading results of the resident with the neuroradiology consultant (as usual in clinical routine) was exemplary done for FU-3 MRIs and added another 3 min (CI:2.27–3.76) to the reading time without AI-assistance.

Conclusion
We found that AI-assisted reading of MRIs of patients with MS may be faster than evaluating these MRIs without AI-assistance.
Patellae as a source of DNA in forensic and archaeological analysis
Authors: Geršak Živa Miriam , Golob Aja , Kravanja Pia , Concato Monica , Leskovar Tamara , Pajnič Irena Zupanič 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Analysing genetic material from skeletonised human remains has become valuable in forensic and archaeological contexts. While the petrous bone is often preferred for DNA extraction, its availability is not guaranteed, and because of destructive sampling, it is not frequently used in forensic cases. This study explores the potential of patellae as an alternative source of bone material for genetic investigations. Forty-five patellae were sampled from a post-World War II mass grave and an archaeological Christian cemetery dated from the 13th to 19th centuries. A full demineralisation extraction method was used to obtain the DNA, and real-time PCR quantification was used to determine the quantity and quality of DNA. To evaluate the suitability of patellae for forensic and archaeological analyses, short tandem repeat (STR) typing was performed using the ESI17 Fast PCR amplification kit (Promega). To explore the difference in DNA yield, DNA degradation and STR typing success between the post-World War II and archaeological patellae, statistical analysis was performed. The results revealed significantly higher DNA yield and STR typing success in WWII patellae and higher degradation of DNA in archaeological patellae, highlighting the impact of environmental exposure time on genetic material preservation. Almost all WWII patellae achieved a high success rate in STR typing with full profiles generated. More than half of the archaeological patellae showed high STR typing performance and highly informative partial profiles were obtained, indicating the suitability of patellae not only for forensic purposes but also for archaeological genetic analyses.
Specificity ratings for English data
Authors: Ravelli Andrea Amelio , Bolognesi Marianna Marcella , Caselli Tommaso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA dataset of specificity ratings for English words is hereby presented, analyzed and discussed in relation with other collections of speaker-generated ratings, including concreteness. Both, specificity and concreteness are analyzed in their ability to explain decision latencies in lexical and semantic tasks, showing important individual contributions. Specificity ratings are collected through best–worst scaling method on the words included in the ANEW dataset (Bradley and Lang in Affective norms for English words (ANEW): instruction manual and affective ratings (Tech. Rep.). Technical report C-1, the center for research in psychophysiology, 1999), chosen for its compatibility with many other collections of rating resources, and for its comparability with Italian specificity data (Bolognesi and Caselli in Behav Res Methods 55(7):3531–3548, 2023), allowing for cross-linguistic comparisons. Results suggest that specificity plays an important role in word processing and the importance of taking specificity into consideration when investigating concreteness effects.