bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn(ClO4)2⋅6H2O‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Amides via Ritter Reaction with Alcohols, Acetic Anhydride and Nitriles
Authors: Feng Chengliang , Yan Bin , Yao Wenjin , Chen Junqing , Ji Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first example of the direct conversion of alcohols, acetic anhydride and nitriles into their corresponding amides through an ester reaction and Ritter reaction sequence is described. One‐pot reaction of alcohols, acetic anhydride and nitriles was catalyzed by Zn(ClO4)2⋅6H2O to afford corresponding amides in good to excellent yields for most case under solvent‐free conditions.
Synergistic Performance of Sonolytically Synthesized Poly(1‐naphthylamine)/TiO2 Nanohybrids: Degradation Studies of Amido Black‐10B Dye
Authors: Kashyap Jyoti , Gautam Shubham , Ashraf S. M. , Riaz Ufana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present work reports the synthesis, characterization and sonophotocatalytic studies of poly(1‐naphthylamine) (PNA)/TiO2 nanohybrids using different loadings of the conducting polymer. Raman and IR studies confirmed the interaction between PNA and TiO2. UV studies showed that the band gap of PNA: TiO2 nanohybrids were found to be ranging between 1.67 eV −1.9 eV. The thermal stability was found to follow the order: 0.5:1‐PNA: TiO2 >1:1‐PNA:TiO2 >2:1‐PNA:TiO2 > PNA. Photocatalytic activity of the nanohybrids was tested by degrading Amido Black 10B dye under UV irradiation. A remarkable degradation of 90% was achieved within a short period of 60 min. The degraded fragments were investigated by LCMS studies and a plausible degradation mechanism was proposed.
Polyazulenes and Polynaphthalenes: Prediction and Computational Study
Authors: Costa Alexandre , López‐Castillo A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe geometries, the electronic structures and the aromaticity of the [n]‐azulene and [n]‐naphthalene polymers were studied, by using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Møller–Plesset (MP2) Pertubation Theory, for the different multiplicities (M=2S+1): singlet (S=0, closed and open shell), triplet (S=1) and quintet (S=2). The ground‐states of the [n]‐azulene polymers were a singlet (closed shell) for any values of n (n≤10). The ground‐states of the [n]‐naphthalene polymers were a singlet (closed shell) for n≤6 and triplet for 7≤n≤10. The electric dipole moment of the odd [n]‐azulene polymers varied with the length of the polymer chain, while exhibiting a local minimum for [5]‐azulene. The dipole of the even [n]‐azulene and the (even and odd) [n]‐naphthalene polymers were null by symmetry. The HOMO‐LUMO gap was estimated at 0.70 eV for [n]‐azulene polymers with large chain. All of the polymers had electronic transition peaks in the visible region and their maximum was red‐shifted for the increasing chains. The nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations have shown that ring tension was an important factor in the aromaticity loss, as shown, for example, for the flat, the cycle, and the Möbius strip [20]‐polymers. The Aromatic Stabilization Energies (ASEs) that were based on the homodesmotic and isodesmic reactions were also obtained.
SDFS: A software‐defined file system for multitenant cloud storage
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Wang Fang , Zeng Lingfang , Feng Dan , Zhu Tingwei 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPerformance isolation is highly desirable in cloud platforms where the virtual disks of virtual machines are simply large files on the shared and networked storage servers. However, existing isolation techniques cannot deal with the implications of the file system used by the networked storage servers, such that underlying resource usage is unpredictable (eg, the delayed write‐back mechanism could postpone writes, and the journaling mechanism could amplify writes). The lack of visibility on underlying resource usage leads to the predicament of being unable to meet isolation goals. In this paper, we present a software‐defined file system (SDFS) that exploits the underlying file system to allocate resources at per‐image‐file granularity and provide tenants with guaranteed throughput. The SDFS comprises two components: control plane and data plane. At the control plane, we provide a set of system calls to document tenant performance requirements into the metadata of image files. At the data plane, we construct a file‐based scheduler to manage memory and disk resources according to the tenant performance requirements. The SDFS design does not require a modification to guest operating systems, hypervisors, or file server protocols. Through a prototype implementation, we demonstrate that the SDFS can meet isolation goals and increase resource utilization with negligible overhead.
Risk Factors for Skin Flap Necrosis in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Mastectomy Followed by Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Ueno Takayuki , Suga Hirotaka , Shiraishi Tomohiro , Isaka Hirotsugu , Imi Kentaro , Miyamoto Kaisuke , Tada Manami , Ishizaka Yoshiharu , Imoto Shigeru 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐sparing mastectomy (SSM) and nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) are the standard techniques for achieving a cosmetic outcome, but necrosis of a cutaneous flap including the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) is a serious complication. To analyze the risk factors for skin flap necrosis, we retrospectively evaluated a clinical database of breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction.MethodsFour hundred and twelve cases were consecutively recorded between 2006 and 2016. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), distance from NAC to referent tumor, distance from overlying skin to the tumor and weight of breast resection (WBR) as measured in the operating theater were included in the statistical analysis.ResultsNSM, SSM and total mastectomy were performed in 123 (30%), 96 (23%) and 193 cases (47%), respectively. A tissue expander was used in 379 cases (92%), a silicone implant in 8 (2%) and autologous breast reconstruction in 25 (6%). Skin flap necrosis was found in 7% of all cases and NAC necrosis in 13% of NSM cases. In a univariate analysis, BW, NSM and WBR were risk factors for skin flap necrosis, and BW, BMI and WBR were risk factors for NAC necrosis. In a multivariate analysis, NSM and WBR remained significant risk factors for skin flap necrosis, and WBR was a significant risk factor for NAC necrosis.ConclusionsWBR is an important risk factor for skin flap necrosis. Especially, NAC necrosis should be considered for patients with large‐volume breasts who undergo NSM and immediate breast reconstruction.
Challenges and opportunities for natural product discovery, production, and engineering in native producers versus heterologous hosts
Authors: Teijaro Christiana N , Adhikari Ajeeth , Shen Ben 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recent advances and emerging technologies for metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic biology have transformed the field of natural product discovery, production, and engineering. Despite these advancements, there remain many challenges in understanding how biosynthetic gene clusters are silenced or activated, including changes in the transcription of key biosynthetic and regulatory genes. This knowledge gap is highlighted by the success and failed attempts of manipulating regulatory genes within biosynthetic gene clusters in both native producers and heterologous hosts. These complexities make the choice of native producers versus heterologous hosts, fermentation medium, and supply of precursors crucial factors in achieving the production of the target natural products and engineering designer analogs. Nature continues to serve as inspiration for filling the knowledge gaps and developing new research strategies. By exploiting the evolutionary power of nature, alternative producers, with the desired genetic amenability and higher titers of the target natural products, and new strains, harboring gene clusters that encode evolutionary optimized congeners of the targeted natural product scaffolds, can be discovered. These newly identified strains can serve as an outstanding biotechnology platform for the engineered production of sufficient quantities of the target natural products and their analogs, enabling biosynthetic studies and potential therapeutic applications. These challenges and opportunities are showcased herein using fredericamycin, iso-migrastatin, platencin and platensimycin, the enediynes of C-1027, tiancimycin, and yangpumicin, and the leinamycin family of natural products.
Metabolic engineering for improving l-tryptophan production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Niu Hao , Li Ruirui , Liang Quanfeng , Qi Qingsheng , Li Qiang , Gu Pengfei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
l-Tryptophan is an important aromatic amino acid that is used widely in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Compared with the traditional synthetic methods, production of l-tryptophan by microbes is environmentally friendly and has low production costs, and feed stocks are renewable. With the development of metabolic engineering, highly efficient production of l-tryptophan in Escherichia coli has been achieved by eliminating negative regulation factors, improving the intracellular level of precursors, engineering of transport systems and overexpression of rate-limiting enzymes. However, challenges remain for l-tryptophan biosynthesis to be cost-competitive. In this review, successful and applicable strategies derived from metabolic engineering for increasing l-tryptophan accumulation in E. coli are summarized. In addition, perspectives for further efficient production of l-tryptophan are discussed.
Familial 22q11.2 Deletion: Pregnancy Options and Management
Authors: Yaramareddy Swapna , Shanmugasundaram Lakshmi , Kar Bibhas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is caused by a submicroscopic deletion on the long arm of chromosome 22 and affects approximately 1 in 4000 persons. This report describes a familial 22q11.2 deletion diagnosed during pregnancy using an emerging technology, Bacterial artificial chromosome on Beads (BoBs). We discuss the implications of prenatally detected DGS and future options to prevent the recurrence.
Blood homocysteine levels are increased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis. A single centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Malaguarnera Mariangela , Catania Vito Emanuele , Borzì Antonio Maria , Malaguarnera Stefano , Madeddu Roberto , Bertino Gaetano , Latteri Saverio 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is reported in 10–40% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The development of PVT is a multifactorial process, resulting from a reduction in portal blood flow and hypercoagulability.

Methods:
We evaluated 44 HCC patients with PVT, 50 HCC patients without PVT and 50 healthy subjects. Homocysteine (Hcy), Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12 and folate were measured.

Results:
Hcy in HCC patients with PVT is significant higher than the patients without PVT and controls subjects.

Conclusion:
Total Hcy is a sensitive marker of PVT in patients with HCC.

Highlights:
Effects of Aloe Vera on healing of colonic anastomoses: experimental rat study
Authors: Tumay L. Volkan , Kılıcturgay Sadık , Savci Vahide , Saraydaroglu Ozlem , Anarat Ruksan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground Although herbal medicinal products are being used widely throughout the World, beneficial and harmful effects have not been well documented. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Aloe Vera (AV) on colonic anastomosis healing.Material and methods 112 albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five main groups: preoperative Aloe Vera Group (P), pre- and postoperative Aloe Vera Group (PP), Control Group (C), sham Aloe Vera Group (SA) and Sham Control Group (SC). Groups P, PP, and SA received 1.6 mL/kg per day Aloe Vera by orogastric feeding catheter for 1 month prior to the experiment. Groups P, PP, and C underwent anastomosis of the distal colon, and subgroups (n = 4) of each were sacrificed on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21. Anastomotic bursting pressure, perianastomotic collagen content and histopathological changes were studied.Results The SC Group had significantly higher ABP when compared with the SA Group (p = 0.0002), although hydroxyproline content showed no difference. When ABP was compared between anastomosis groups, it was found significantly lower in Aloe Vera groups on Day 3 (P3 vs. C3, p = 0.003 and PP3 vs. C3, p = 0.007). Hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in Group PP than Group C, also on Day 3 (p = 0.05). Significant difference was not detected after Day 3 in any of the study parameters.Conclusion  Aloe Vera decreased tissue collagen content in the early postoperative period. It is advisable to call into question the concomitant usage of conventional medicine and the herbal supplements for the surgeons in their clinical practice.
Evaluation of environmental cleaning of patient rooms: Impact of different fluorescent gel markers
Authors: Rock Clare , Xie Anping , Andonian Jennifer , Hsu Yea-Jen , Osei Patience , Keller Sara C. , Gurses Ayse P. , Trexler Polly , Maragakis Lisa L , Cosgrove Sara E. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this systematic evaluation of fluorescent gel markers (FGM) applied to high-touch surfaces with a metered applicator (MA) made for the purpose versus a generic cotton swab (CS), removal rates were 60.5% (476 of 787) for the MA and 64.3% (506 of 787) for the CS. MA-FGM removal interpretation was more consistent, 83% versus 50% not removed, possibly due to less varied application and more adhesive gel.
Developing a conceptual model for insider threat
Authors: Whitty Monica T 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper sets out 99 case studies of insider attacks that took place in the UK. The study involved interviewing investigators, heads of security, information technologists, law enforcement, security officers, human resource managers, line managers, and coworkers who knew the insider. The analysis elucidates how to identify insiders and pathways to these attacks. It also highlights examples of archetypal insiders, in addition to the ‘disgruntled employee’ (e.g., ‘the show off’, ‘the career criminal’, ‘the addict’, etc.). In contrast to other studies, this study highlights multiple pathways to an attack. A conceptual model is set out that considers indicators (both physical and cyber) that might be monitored in an insider risk detection programme. The model stressors need to continuously seek out methods to close down opportunities as well as to monitor behavioural change. It also elucidates potential deterrence and prevention strategies for organisations to consider in an ethical and legal manner.
The association between dietary protein intake, energy intake and physical frailty: results from the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Schoufour Josje D. , Franco Oscar H. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. , Trajanoska Katerina , Stricker Bruno , Brusselle Guy , Rivadeneira Fernando , Lahousse Lies , Voortman Trudy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSufficient protein intake has been suggested to be important for preventing physical frailty, but studies show conflicting results which may be explained because not all studies address protein source and intake of other macronutrients and total energy. Therefore, we studied 2504 subjects with data on diet and physical frailty, participating in a large population-based prospective cohort among subjects aged 45+ years (the Rotterdam Study). Dietary intake was assessed with a FFQ. Frailty was defined according to the frailty phenotype as the presence of at least three out of the following five symptoms: weight loss, low physical activity, weakness, slowness and fatigue. We used multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate the independent association between protein intake and frailty using two methods: nutrient residual models and energy decomposition models. With every increase in 10 g total, plant or animal protein per d, the odds to be frail were 1·06 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·15), 0·87 (95 % CI 0·71, 1·07) and 1·07 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·15), respectively, using the nutrient residual method. Using the energy partition model, we observed that the odds to be frail were lower with higher vegetable protein intake (OR per 418·4 kJ (100 kcal): 0·61, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·97), however, results disappeared when adjusting for physical activity. For energy intake from any source we observed that with every 418·4 kJ (100 kcal) increase, the odds to be frail were 5 % lower (OR: 0·95, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·97). Our results suggest that energy intake, but not protein specifically, is associated with less frailty. Considering other macronutrients, physical activity and diet quality seems to be essential for future studies on protein and frailty.
Optimizing patient expectancy in the pharmacologic treatment of major depressive disorder
Authors: Zilcha-Mano Sigal , Brown Patrick J. , Roose Steven P. , Cappetta Kiley , Rutherford Bret R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient expectancy is an important source of placebo effects in antidepressant clinical trials, but all prior studies measured expectancy prior to the initiation of medication treatment. Little is known about how expectancy changes during the course of treatment and how such changes influence clinical outcome. Consequently, we undertook the first analysis to date of in-treatment expectancy during antidepressant treatment to identify its clinical and demographic correlates, typical trajectories, and associations with treatment outcome.MethodsData were combined from two randomized controlled trials of antidepressant medication for major depressive disorder in which baseline and in-treatment expectancy assessments were available. Machine learning methods were used to identify pre-treatment clinical and demographic predictors of expectancy. Multilevel models were implemented to test the effects of expectancy on subsequent treatment outcome, disentangling within- and between-patient effects.ResultsRandom forest analyses demonstrated that whereas more severe depressive symptoms predicted lower pre-treatment expectancy, in-treatment expectancy was unrelated to symptom severity. At each measurement point, increased in-treatment patient expectancy significantly predicted decreased depressive symptoms at the following measurement (B = −0.45, t = −3.04, p = 0.003). The greater the gap between expected treatment outcomes and actual depressive severity, the greater the subsequent symptom reductions were (B = 0.49, t = 2.33, p = 0.02).ConclusionsGreater in-treatment patient expectancy is associated with greater subsequent depressive symptom reduction. These findings suggest that clinicians may benefit from monitoring and optimizing patient expectancy during antidepressant treatment. Expectancy may represent another treatment parameter, similar to medication compliance and side effects, to be regularly monitored during antidepressant clinical management.
The influence of family and professional lifecourse histories on economic activity among older French workers
Authors: Ogg Jim , Renaut Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper examines associations between early and mid-lifecourse events with economic activity in later life. These lifecourse trajectories are in turn examined for their impact on the pathways of men and women to retirement, including whether these pathways are perceived by individuals as been chosen or imposed. Data are from the three waves (2005, 2008 and 2011) of the French version of the Gender and Generations survey and comprise a sub-sample of 2,016 respondents in the birth cohort 1941–1960 who participated in all three waves. The analysis is undertaken within a gender perspective and in the context of the (de)standardisation of the lifecourse. The results show that mid-life and later-life work history, job category, employment sector and economic activity are influenced by early lifecourse events for both men and for women. Different pathways to retirement are observed according to institutional factors that determine access to pension rights. Women whose family formation occurred early, together with women who had an absence of family events (partnership or childlessness), were much more likely to be economically active in later life than men with the same characteristics. The results suggest that institutionalised (standardised) lifecourse patterns exist simultaneously with individualised (destandardised) patterns.
Association between rs12252 and influenza susceptibility and severity: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen T. , Xiao M. , Yang J. , Chen Y. K. , Bai T. , Tang X. J. , Shu Y. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn several lately published studies, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs12252) of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza is inconsistent. To further understand the association between the SNP of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza, we searched related studies in five databases including PubMed published earlier than 9 November 2017. Ten sets of data from nine studies were included and data were analysed by Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.0 in our updated meta-analysis, which represented 1365 patients and 5425 no-influenza controls from four different ethnicities. Here strong association between rs12252 and influenza was found in all four genetic models. The significant differences in the allelic model (C vs. T: odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.03–1.79), P = 0.03) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 10.63, 95% CI (3.39–33.33), P < 0.00001) in the Caucasian subgroup were discovered, which is very novel and striking. Also novel discoveries were found in the allelic model (C vs. T: OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.08–1.73), P = 0.009), dominant model (CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.08–2.02), P = 0.01) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 2.84, 95% CI (1.36–5.92), P = 0.005) when we compared patients with mild influenza with healthy individuals. Our meta-analysis suggests that single-nucleotide T to C polymorphism of IFITM3 associated with increasingly risk of severe and mild influenza in both Asian and Caucasian populations.
The Comeback Kid: Donald Trump on Election Day in 2016
Authors: McKee Seth C. , Smith Daniel A. , Hood M. V. (Trey) 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe surprise outcome of the 2016 presidential election continues to raise more questions as experts grapple with the evidence for why most prognosticators considered a Hillary Clinton victory almost certain. This article uses the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study data to show that a primary explanation for why the election of Donald Trump was difficult to predict is that the bulk of his support did not materialize until Election Day, in the battleground states that he had to carry to win the Electoral College.
Harms and Wrongs in Epistemic Practice
Authors: Barker Simon , Crerar Charlie , Goetze Trystan S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis volume has its roots in two recent developments within mainstream analytic epistemology: a growing recognition over the past two or three decades of the active and social nature of our epistemic lives; and, more recently still, the increasing appreciation of the various ways in which the epistemic practices of individuals and societies can, and often do, gowrong. The theoretical analysis of these breakdowns in epistemic practice, along with the various harms and wrongs that follow as a consequence, constitutes an approach to epistemology that we refer to asnon-ideal epistemology. In this introductory chapter we introduce and contextualise the ten essays that comprise this volume, situating them within four broad sub-fields: vice epistemology, epistemic injustice, inter-personal epistemic practices, and applied epistemology. We also provide a brief overview of several other important growth areas in non-ideal epistemology.