bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of the relationship between postoperative nausea and vomiting and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in children undergoing ambulatory surgery
Authors: Chandrakantan Arvind , Reinsel Ruth A. , Jasiewicz Ronald , Jacob Zvi C. , Seidman Peggy A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe factors contributing to postoperative nausea and vomiting in children have been identified, but there have been no reported studies that have studied pediatric postdischarge nausea and vomiting.AimsThis preliminary study aimed to identify the factors affecting postdischarge nausea and vomiting in ambulatory children, specifically whether postoperative nausea and vomiting factors are contributory.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two pediatric patients aged 5‐10 years undergoing elective ambulatory surgery participated in this institution‐approved study. After obtaining written parental consent and patient assent when indicated, child self‐ratings of nausea and pain were completed preoperatively and at discharge, and for 3 days postdischarge. Questionnaires were returned by mail, with a 64% return rate. Using stepwise logistic regression with backward elimination, three separate analyses were undertaken to predict the following outcomes: nausea present in recovery, nausea present on postoperative day 1, and emesis on day of surgery.ResultsNearly half (47%) of our cohort experienced nausea at the time of discharge; 11% had emesis on day of surgery. On postoperative day 1, there was a 15% incidence of nausea with a 3% incidence of emesis. In the multiple logistic regression analyses, nausea at discharge was predicted by male gender (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0‐6.2) and the presence of pain on discharge (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0‐9.2). Emesis on day of surgery was predicted by the presence of nausea at discharge (odds ratio 16.9, 95% CI: 1.8‐159.3) and having a family history of nausea/vomiting (odds ratio 8.3, 95% CI: 1.6‐43.4). The presence of nausea on postoperative day 1 was predicted only by the presence of nausea on discharge (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI: 1.2‐11.1).ConclusionOur preliminary data indicate that postoperative nausea and vomiting may persist into the postdischarge period and pain may be a contributing factor.
A CGE Framework for Modeling the Economics of Flooding and Recovery in a Major Urban Area
Authors: Gertz Aaron B. , Davies James B. , Black Samantha L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoastal cities around the world have experienced large costs from major flooding events in recent years. Climate change is predicted to bring an increased likelihood of flooding due to sea level rise and more frequent severe storms. In order to plan future development and adaptation, cities must know the magnitude of losses associated with these events, and how they can be reduced. Often losses are calculated from insurance claims or surveying flood victims. However, this largely neglects the loss due to the disruption of economic activity. We use a forward‐looking dynamic computable general equilibrium model to study how a local economy responds to a flood, focusing on the subsequent recovery/reconstruction. Initial damage is modeled as a shock to the capital stock and recovery requires rebuilding that stock. We apply the model to Vancouver, British Columbia by considering a flood scenario causing total capital damage of $14.6 billion spread across five municipalities. GDP loss relative to a no‐flood scenario is relatively long‐lasting. It is 2.0% ($2.2 billion) in the first year after the flood, 1.7% ($1.9 billion) in the second year, and 1.2% ($1.4 billion) in the fifth year.
An Emergency Department‐Initiated Intervention to Lower Relapse Risk after Attempted Suicide
Authors: Martínez‐Alés Gonzalo , Jiménez‐Sola Eduardo , Román‐Mazuecos Eva , Sánchez‐Castro María Pilar , de Dios Consuelo , Rodríguez‐Vega Beatriz , Bravo‐Ortiz María Fe 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveAccording to randomized trials, contact after a suicide attempt lowers relapse risk. However, effectiveness studies based on real clinical data can provide additional external validity.MethodWe conducted an observational study to determine if an emergency department (ED)‐initiated intervention for suicide attempt risk reduction, consisting on scheduling a single added appointment within 7 days after discharge following a suicide attempt, can reduce the risk of relapse. The study included 1,775 patients who had been treated at a general hospital ED due to a suicide attempt. The principal outcome measure was ED return after a new attempt. We obtained Kaplan‐Meier survival functions and used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate unadjusted and adjusted risks of relapse by treatment phase. Covariates included: age, gender, history of suicide attempts, history of psychiatric disorders, concurrent alcohol/drug abuse, number of attempts during follow‐up, admission as an inpatient and family support.ResultsA total of 497 (22.5%) attempts were followed by a relapse. Subjects exposed to the studied intervention had a lower risk of relapse after a suicide attempt, with a 24% adjusted risk reduction estimate.ConclusionOur real‐world results suggest that an additional early appointment, scheduled before discharging suicide attempters, reduces suicide reattempt risk.
Muscle activity and vibration transmissibility during whole‐body vibration in chronic stroke
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Pang Marco Y. C. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the influence of whole‐body vibration (WBV) frequency, amplitude, and body posture on lower limb muscle activation among people with chronic stroke, and whether the EMG response to vibration stimulus differed between paretic and non‐paretic side. The relationship between muscle activation and WBV transmission was also examined.MethodThirty‐two participants with chronic stroke performed three different exercises on the WBV platform with different vibration conditions (frequency: 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz; amplitude: 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm), or without vibration. Muscle activity in bilateral vastus medialis (VM), medial hamstrings (MH), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) was measured by surface electromyography. Acceleration at the platform and bilateral hips and knees was measured by tri‐axial accelerometers.ResultsSignificantly greater muscle activity was observed in the bilateral MG (P < 0.001), TA (P < 0.001), and MH (P < 0.001), but not VM, compared with the same exercises without WBV. WBV with higher amplitude or higher frequency led to greater augmentation of muscle activation (P < 0.05). Body posture significantly affected leg muscle activation (P < 0.001). WBV‐induced muscle activation was largely similar between paretic and non‐paretic sides, except the TA. Greater WBV‐induced leg muscle activation was associated with lower WBV transmissibility measured at the more proximal joints (P < 0.05).ConclusionAdding WBV to exercise significantly increased muscle activation in the MG, TA, and MH on both the paretic and non‐paretic sides of chronic stroke survivors, and the increase was dependent on the WBV amplitude, frequency, and body posture.
Evaluation of human electroencephalogram change for sensory effects of fragrance
Authors: Park Keun Hyung , Kim Hyun Joo , Oh Bobae , Seo Minji , Lee Eunyoung , Ha Jaehyoun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe stabilizing effect of lavender and the arousal effect of peppermint essential oils are acknowledged and used widely in aromatherapy and the cosmetics industry. However, no evaluation method confirms the effects of essential oils through quantitative and objective electroencephalogram (EEG) results; instead, only a psychological and subjective method exists. Therefore, this study aims to create a new emotional cosmetic evaluation paradigm using EEG values. Moreover, it enables quantitative interpretation of the results in addition to the subjective survey outcomes.MethodsFor this study, 12 healthy female Korean participants were recruited and three fragrances were used. The EEG results were collected for 3 minutes (1 minute each before, during, and after inhalation of every fragrance).ResultsThe quantitative EEG outcomes indicate changes in the participant's brainwaves before and after inhalation. Significant changes in the EEG were observed. Based on the results, the effects of fragrances were confirmed to be stabilizing for lavender, and arousing for peppermint and coffee aroma. Furthermore, the subjective questionnaire results indicate similar tendency as that of the quantitative EEG results.ConclusionIn addition to psychological and subjective assessments, our emotional evaluation method can verify the cosmetic fragrance effects through quantitative and objective results.
Peer‐coaching as a component of a professional development model for biology teachers
Authors: Pearce Erin , de la Fuente Yohanis , Hartweg Beau , Weinburgh Molly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo increase the likelihood for continuous growth and improvement, professional development for high school biology teachers should include long‐term, targeted instruction with an accompanying peer‐coaching component. This study examined the views of biology teachers who were engaged in a two‐year professional development program, which included a strong peer‐coaching component. With an overall goal of enhancing the teachers’ instructional practices, the peer‐coaches and teachers collaborated to increase the amount of inquiry in the science classroom. Data were collected using focus groups and researcher notes. Emergent themes included the significance of relationships, importance of teacher commitment, and resulting change and growth in educators.
Value for money in self‐regulated procedural simulation
Authors: Lafleur Alexandre , Demchuk Gabriel , Tremblay Marie‐Laurence , Simard Caroline , Rivière Étienne 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundIn self‐regulated procedural simulation, learners practise on many simulators (e.g. paracentesis), self‐regulating their choice of simulators, time and goals. Current needs assessments cannot predict the number of simulators needed to plan cost‐effective self‐regulated simulation. Knowing the ratios of simulators and participants would allow for better‐informed purchase decisions to be made.MethodsWe designed 90‐minute sessions of self‐regulated procedural simulation for internal medicine residents. In Phase 1, 51 participants (8.5 per group) could use 22 simulators (US$69 925): ultrasound‐guided central (n = 6) and peripheral (n = 2) venous catheterisation; thoracocentesis (n = 2); paracentesis (n = 2); lumbar puncture (n = 6); and arthrocentesis (n = 4). We calculated minimal numbers of simulators based on the time that participants used each simulator in order to design a resource‐effective Phase 2, with 24 participants (with 12 per group) using 14 simulators (US$48 720) to meet their needs.ResultsCalculated from time of use (83 minutes in total), the optimal ratios of simulators expressed for 10 participants were 9.2: 3.7 for jugular and subclavian venous catheterisation (33 minutes); 1.5 for thoracocentesis (13 minutes), 1.0 for femoral venous catheterisation (9 minutes), 1.0 for lumbar puncture (9 minutes), 0.8 for peripheral venous catheterisation (8 minutes), 0.7 for paracentesis (6 minutes) and 0.5 for arthrocentesis (5 minutes). In Phase 2, the usage rate of simulators increased from 35.5% to 76.6%, maintaining the total time of use at 80.4 minutes.ConclusionsWe present a replicable method for the cost‐effective planning of self‐regulated simulation by measuring the use of simulators. Expressed as ratios of simulators per participant, this information can support purchase decisions and be shared with similar programmes.
A Model for Bainite Formation at Isothermal Heat Treatment Conditions
Authors: Sidhu Gaganpreet , Srinivasan Seshasai , Bhole Sanjiwan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An improved model is presented for the formation of bainitic structures during isothermal heat treatment conditions. The model based on displacive mechanism consists of a new expression for the volume fraction of bainite as a function of time, incorporating a temperature and chemical composition-based expression for the number density of initial nucleation sites and limiting the volume fraction of bainite. The model has been validated with respect to experimental data of high- as well as low-carbon steels. It has been found that the isothermal transformation kinetics is well predicted for all steels.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to hypercalcaemia: a rare cause
Authors: Bolanthakodi Nandakrishna , Vidyasagar Sudha , Varma Muralidhar , Holla Avinash 
Published: February 2019

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity described by Hincheyet alin late 90’s, characterised by variable associations of seizure activity, consciousness impairment ranging from confusion to coma, headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea/vomiting and focal neurological signs. Common causes are accelerated hypertension, eclampsia, preeclampsia, cytotoxic drug use and autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.We report a case of PRES in a 62-year-old female patient due to hypercalcemia secondary to vitamin D toxicity on treatment with calcium supplements and vitamin D for secondary hypoparathyroidism. She had seizures and visual defects on presentation which recovered completely with treatment of hypercalcemia.
One aneurysm and two pseudoaneurysms, same patient
Authors: Carvalho Daniela , Mimoso Jorge , de Jesus Ilídio , Fragata José 
Published: February 2019

Ventricular pseudoaneurysms are rare pathological entities that mainly arise in the context of myocardial infarction or post-cardiac surgery. The clinical presentation is usually non-specific, and at times patients are asymptomatic. Mortality is high even with timely surgical intervention.The authors present a case of postoperative recurrence of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm superimposed on an ischaemic true aneurysm.
Brain natriuretic peptide to predict successful liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deschamps Jean , Webber Jordan , Featherstone Robin , Sebastianski Meghan , Vandermeer Ben , Senaratne Janek , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionPredicting successful liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) among critically ill patients receiving MV can be challenging. The current parameters used to predict successful extubation have shown variable predictive value. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been proposed as a novel biomarker to help guide decision-making in readiness for liberation of MV following a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Current evidence on the predictive ability of BNP has been uncertain, and BNP has not been integrated into clinical practice guidelines.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the value of BNP during SBT to predict success of liberation from MV. A search strategy will be developed in collaboration with a research librarian, and electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) and additional sources will be searched. Search themes will include: (1) BNP and (2) weaning, extubation and/or liberation from MV. Citation screening, selection, quality assessment and data abstraction will be performed in duplicate. The primary outcome will be liberation from MV; secondary outcomes will include time to reintubation, mortality, MV duration, total and postextubation intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospitalisation duration, tracheostomy rate, ICU-acquired weakness rate and ventilator-free days. Primary statistical analysis will include predictive value of BNP by receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity/specificity and likelihood ratios for combination of BNP and SBT parameters for failure of liberation from MV. Secondary statistical analysis will be performed on individual and combinations of extracted metrics.Ethics and disseminationOur review will add knowledge by mapping the current body of evidence on the value of BNP testing for prediction of successful liberation from MV, and describe knowledge gaps and research priorities. Our findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, presentation at a scientific congress, through regional/national organisations and social media. Research ethics approval is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018087474.
Treatment of multiple brain metastases using gadolinium nanoparticles and radiotherapy: NANO-RAD, a phase I study protocol
Authors: Verry Camille , Sancey Lucie , Dufort Sandrine , Le Duc Geraldine , Mendoza Christophe , Lux François , Grand Sylvie , Arnaud Josiane , Quesada Jean Louis , Villa Julie , Tillement Olivier , Balosso Jacques 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionOccurrence of multiple brain metastases is a critical evolution of many cancers with significant neurological and overall survival consequences, despite new targeted therapy and standard whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). A gadolinium-based nanoparticle, AGuIX, has recently demonstrated its effectiveness as theranostic and radiosensitiser agent in preclinical studies. The favourable toxicity profile in animals and its administration as a simple intravenous injection has motivated its use in patients with this first in human study.Methods and analysisThe NANO-RAD study is a phase I, first in human injection, monocentric, open-label, dose-escalation study to investigate the safety, the tolerability and the spectrum of side effects of AGuIX in combination with WBRT (30 Gy, 10 fractions of 3 Gy) for patients with multiple brain metastases. Five dose escalation cohorts are planned: 15, 30, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg. A total of 15–18 patients will be recruited into this trial. The primary objective is to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of AGuIX nanoparticles combined with WBRT for the treatment of multiple brain metastases. Toxicity will be assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria V.4.03. Secondary objectives are pharmacokinetic profile, distribution of AGuIX in metastases and surrounding healthy tissue visualised by MRI, intracranial progression-free survival and overall survival. Intracranial response will be determined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumour Criteria V.1.1 comparing MRI performed prior to treatment and at each follow-up visits.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the ethics committee Sud Est V, France (Reference number 15-CHUG-48). The study was approved by the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM) (Reference number 151519A-12). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated through national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02820454; Pre-results.
Multimorbidity, eHealth and implications for equity: a cross-sectional survey of patient perspectives on eHealth
Authors: Mangin Dee , Parascandalo Jenna , Khudoyarova Olga , Agarwal Gina , Bismah Verdah , Orr Sherrie 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThere is increasing awareness of the burden of medical care experienced by those with multimorbidity. There is also increasing interest and activity in engaging patients with chronic disease in technology-based health-related activities (‘eHealth’) in family practice. Little is known about patients’ access to, and interest in eHealth, in particular those with a higher burden of care associated with multimorbidity. We examined access and attitudes towards eHealth among patients attending family medicine clinics with a focus on older adults and those with polypharmacy as a marker for multimorbidity.DesignCross-sectional survey of consecutive adult patients attending consultations with family physicians in the McMaster University Sentinel and Information Collaboration practice-based research network. We used univariate and multivariate analyses for quantitative data, and thematic analysis for free text responses.SettingPrimary care clinics.Participants693 patients participated (response rate 70%). Inclusion criteria: Attending primary care clinic. Exclusions: Too ill to complete survey, cannot speak English.ResultsThe majority of participants reported access to the internet at home, although this decreased with age. Participants 70 years and older were less comfortable using the internet compared with participants under 70. Univariate analyses showed age, multimorbidity, home internet access, comfort using the internet, privacy concerns and self-rated health all predicted significantly less interest in eHealth. In the multivariate analysis, home internet access and multimorbidity were significant predictors of disinterest in eHealth. Privacy and loss of relational connection were themes in the qualitative analysis.ConclusionThere is a significant negative association between multimorbidity and interest in eHealth. This is independent of age, computer use and comfort with using the internet. These findings have important implications, particularly the potential to further increase health inequity.
Automatic brain lesion segmentation on standard MRIs of the human head: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gryska Emilia Agnieszka , Schneiderman Justin , Heckemann Rolf A 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionAutomatic brain lesion segmentation from medical images has great potential to support clinical decision making. Although numerous methods have been proposed, significant challenges must be addressed before they will become established in clinical and research practice. We aim to elucidate the state of the art, to provide a synopsis of competing approaches and identify contrasts between them.Methods and analysisWe present the background and study design of a scoping review for automatic brain lesion segmentation methods for conventional MRI according to the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. We aim to identify common image processing steps as well as mathematical and computational theories implemented in these methods. We will aggregate the evidence on the efficacy and identify limitations of the approaches. Methods to be investigated work with standard MRI sequences from human patients examined for brain lesions, and are validated with quantitative measures against a trusted reference. PubMed, IEEE Xplore and Scopus will be searched using search phrases that will ensure an inclusive and unbiased overview. For matching records, titles and abstracts will be screened to ensure eligibility. Studies will be excluded if a full paper is not available or is not written in English, if non-standard MR sequences are used, if there is no quantitative validation, or if the method is not automatic. In the data charting phase, we will extract information about authors, publication details and study cohort. We expect to find information about preprocessing, segmentation and validation procedures. We will develop an analytical framework to collate, summarise and synthesise the data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study is not required since the information will be extracted from published studies. We will submit the review report to a peer-reviewed scientific journal and explore other venues for presenting the work.