bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the role of SOX15 in human primordial germ cell fate
Authors: Pierson Smela Merrick , Sybirna Anastasiya , Wong Frederick C.K. , Surani M. Azim 
Published: September 2019

Background: Potentially novel regulators of early human germline development have been identified recently, including SOX15 and SOX17, both of which show specific expression in human primordial germ cells. SOX17 is now known to be a critical specifier of human germ cell identity. There have been suggestions, as yet without evidence, that SOX15 might also play a prominent role. The early human germline is inaccessible for direct study, but an in vitro model of human primordial germ cell-like cell (hPGCLC) specification from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been developed. This enables mechanistic study of human germ cell specification using genetic tools to manipulate the levels of SOX15 and SOX17 proteins to explore their roles in hPGCLC specification. Methods: SOX15 and SOX17 proteins were depleted during hPGCLC specification from hESCs using the auxin-inducible degron system, combined with a fluorescent reporter for tracking protein levels. Additionally, SOX15 protein was overexpressed using the ProteoTuner system. Protein-level expression changes were confirmed by immunofluorescence. The impact on hPGCLC specification efficiency was determined by flow cytometry at various time points. qPCR experiments were performed to determine some transcriptional effects of SOX15 perturbations. Results: We observed specific SOX15 expression in hPGCLCs by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. Depletion of SOX15 had no significant effect on hPGCLC specification efficiency on day 4 after induction, but there was a significant and progressive decrease in hPGCLCs on days 6 and 8. By contrast, depletion of SOX17 completely abrogated hPGCLC specification. Furthermore, SOX15 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in hPGCLC fraction on day 8. qPCR analysis revealed a possible role for the germ cell and pluripotency regulator PRDM14 in compensating for changes to SOX15 protein levels. Conclusions: SOX17 is essential for hPGCLC specification, yet SOX15 is dispensable. However, SOX15 may have a role in maintaining germ cell identity.
Dyeing of Poplar Wood through High-Pressure Processing: Performance Evaluation
Authors: Yu Yong , Yan Kaiya , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Li Huanhuan , Hu Lihui , Jiang Xiuping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Dyeing of poplar wood through high-pressure (HP) processing was evaluated at different pressure levels (40 to 130 MPa) and compared with conventional hot dip treatment. Dyeing performance was evaluated based on external surface color, fractal color dimension, dye uptake, internal color, elemental composition, and subsequent ultraviolet aging of the wood. The internal microstructure of the treated wood was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the external surface color difference and change in brightness were significantly greater with HP treatment than with hot dip treatment. The hue angle of HP treated wood surfaces was 1.27 to 4.01 higher and the fractal color dimension was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than that of hot dip treated wood, demonstrating more intense and more uniform distribution of color with HP treatment. The internal color of HP treated wood was also more evenly distributed and more intense, while the hot dip treated wood had no internal dye uptake (zero penetration). SEM analysis showed that the wood structure was damaged by HP treatment, which allowed the dye solution to penetrate into the wood more easily. Among the different pressure levels, the higher pressures resulted in better dyeing performance; however, considering the treatment cost, time, and energy efficiency, 100 MPa treatment may be more economical. Keywords: Color, Dyeing, Fractal dimension, High pressure, Hot dip, Poplar wood.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Open-Lot Beef Cattle Feedyard in Texas
Authors: Parker David B. , Casey Kenneth D. , Waldrip Heidi M. , Min Byeng R. , Woodbury Bryan L. , Spiehs Mindy J. , Willis Will 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential much greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Nitrous oxide is emitted from the manure-covered pen surfaces of open-lot beef cattle feedyards, and more than six million beef cattle are fed in the Southern Great Plains. A field research project was conducted to determine the temporal and spatial variability of N2O emissions from the pen surfaces of a commercial feedyard before and after simulated rainfall. Two week-long monitoring cycles were conducted in April and August 2018 in the Texas Panhandle. Temporal variability was assessed using six continuous automated flux chambers per pen, and spatial variability was assessed using a portable chamber at up to 61 locations in a single pen. Diurnal fluxes varied 5-fold to 10-fold over a 24 h period. Flux varied seasonally, with arithmetic means of 0.56 mg N2O-N m-2 h-1 in April and 3.21 mg N2O-N m-2 h-1 in August. Fluxes measured spatially across the pen surface over a 2 h period at midday were lognormally distributed, with April geometric and arithmetic means of -0.81 and 0.80 mg N2O-N m-2 h-1, respectively, and August geometric and arithmetic means of 0.095 and 2.6 mg N2O-N m-2 h-1, respectively. Fluxes peaked shortly after simulated rainfall. Arithmetic mean N2O-N flux for the 2 d after rainfall increased over the background level by 4.6-fold in April and 1.7-fold in August. Manure properties measured at the time of flux measurement were poorly correlated with N2O emissions and were of little value for predicting N2O emissions, which confirmed that further work is warranted on the biochemistry of feedyard manure. The results of this field research will help refine models for predicting N2O emissions from open-lot beef cattle feedyards and help to develop effective mitigation methods to conserve feedyard N. Keywords: Beef cattle, Flux chamber, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Nitrous oxide, Rainfall.
Kepekaan terhadap Humor berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Saat Menghadapi Ujian
Authors: Karim Muhammad Yusuf , Suyatmi Suyatmi , Afifah Zulaika Nur 
Published: September 2019

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em>Medical students</em><em> </em><em>are facing examination in each topics to evaluate learning achievement. </em><em>A</em><em>n examination could be a trigger for anxiety. Uncontrolled anxiety could affect the learning achievement. Coping mechanism is needed to decrease the anxiety level. One of the coping mechanisms to decrease anxiety </em><em>level</em><em> is sense of humor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sense of humor could affect the anxiety level.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em>This </em><em>was </em><em>an </em><em>observational analytic</em><em> with </em><em>cross-sectional</em><em> design</em><em> study</em><em>.The subjects were First Year Medical Students of </em><em>Universitas </em><em>Sebelas Maret. The sample was collected by simple random sampling method. Sense of Humor was assesed using Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS). Anxiety level was </em><em>assesed</em><em> using Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Collected data was analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test and Pearson Correlation Test.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>There were 152 </em><em>samples</em><em> in this study.</em><em> T</em><em>he mean of sense of humor and anxiety level were 69.90 ± 7</em><em>.</em><em>22 and 22</em><em>.</em><em>16 ± 6</em><em>.</em><em>93 respectively. The majority of the samples showed that 78</em><em>.</em><em>3% had a high sense of humor, while 21</em><em>.</em><em>7% had a moderate sense of humor. More than half of the samples (50</em><em>.</em><em>7%) were anxious and 49</em><em>.</em><em>3% were not anxious. The result of the Pearson correlation test showed r= -0</em><em>.</em><em>263 and p= 0</em><em>.</em><em>001.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em>T</em><em>his study </em><em>indicates</em><em> a </em><em>negative </em><em>correlation between </em><em>sense of humor and anxiety level towards examination on First Year Medical Student of </em><em>Universitas </em><em>Sebelas Maret.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>sense of humor, anxiety level, examination</em>
Структура слоев диффузной зоны при борировании стали 20
Authors: Шевчук Евгения Петровна , Плотников Владимир Александрович , Садибеков Айдар Бекадилович 
Published: September 2019

Представлены данные об изменении структуры поверхностных слоев стали 20 путем борирования при высоких температурах с применением химико-термической обработки. По данным исследований тонкой структуры и микродифракционного фазового анализа образцов, основными фазами полученных в экспериментах боридных слоев являются соединения железа с бором FeB, Fe2B и В. Микроструктура исследуемых образцов окрашена: фаза FeB окрашивается в коричневый цвет, а Fe2В сохраняет желтые тона, кристаллы бора окрашены в белый цвет. В приповерхностном слое наблюдались поры размером около 50 мкм. Исследование количественных характеристик боридных структур помогло определить среднюю толщину диффузных слоев образцов и коэффициент диффузии в них.
Для предотвращения спекания порошков железа и борной кислоты в насыщающую смесь введена инертная добавка — Na2SiO3, а для ускорения процесса борирования — активаторы (NH4OH, С). Выяснено, что с уменьшением содержания инертной добавки в насыщающей смеси толщина диффузионного боридного слоя снижается и также уменьшается размер боридных игл.
The health status of children born to mothers with persistent galactorrhea syndrome - amenorrhea treated with parlodel
Authors: Sudakova O. D. , Kurysheva E. V. , Kurlandskaya R. M. 
Published: September 2019

A dopamine agonist - bromo-a-ergocriptine (parlodel) is traditionally used in the treatment of persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (SGA) [11, 13, 19]. Parlodel reduces the frequency of mitoses and the number of secretory granules in the lactotrophs of the adenohypophysis [50], and is capable of slowing the growth of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas [1, 40].
According to a number of authors [5, 11, 13, 56], the dosage and timing of the use of the drug depend on the form of LNG. According to most researchers [6, 17, 19, 24, 29], the effectiveness of its use correlates with the form of the disease. However, the effectiveness of parlodel therapy is apparently also influenced by the functioning of the dopaminergic system (DAS) of a particular patient [15].
Prevalencia de Dermatofitosis en estudiantes de un internado universitario de la provincia de Entre Ríos
Authors: Schaab Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de las dermatofitosis en la población de estudiantes que residen en el internado de la Universidad Adventista del Plata de Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos. Se entrevistaron un total de 645 estudiantes, 408 mujeres y 237 varones. A cada participante con lesión sospechosa de Dermatofitosis, previa firma del consentimiento, se le realizó un estudio micológico completo y se le hizo completar una ficha epidemiológica. De los 645 estudiantes entrevistados, 75 presentaban lesiones sospechosas de Dermatofitosis. De las 75 muestras tomadas a dichos alumnos, 39 resultaron con examen directo positivo para Dermatofitos por lo que la prevalencia fue del 6% en esta población. La distribución por género fue de la siguiente manera: de 39 muestras positivas, 23 fueron varones y 16 mujeres. Las Tiñas del pie y de la uña fueron las más frecuentes. Los agentes predominantes fueron Trichophyton rubrum y Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Se encontró que el sexo masculino y la acción de “no utilizar calzado propio para ingresar a la ducha” tienen una relación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de Dermatofitosis.Consideramos importante conocer la prevalencia de dermatofitosis en esta población para contribuir a su tratamiento y su prevención.
INSIGHT ANALYSIS ON DYKE PROTECTION AGAINST LAND SUBSIDENCE AND THE SEA LEVEL RISE AROUND NORTHERN COAST OF JAVA (PANTURA) INDONESIA
Authors: Andreas Heri , Abidin Hasanuddin Zainal , Sarsito Dina Anggreni , Pradipta Dhota 
Published: September 2019

Land subsidence and the sea level rise is newly well known phenomenon around northern coast of Java Indonesia (PANTURA). The occurrence of land subsidence at least recognize at the first of the city or urban area development, while the sea level rise was recognize from several last decades corresponds to the global warming. Following the both phenomena, tidal inundation (in Javanese they call it “Rob”) is now becoming another newly well known phenomenon along PANTURA. In the recent years the tidal inundation comes not only at a high tide but even at the regular tide in some area. Sea level rise and the land subsidence are considered as the causes deriving the occurrence of tidal inundation. Dykes have been built against tidal inundation around PANTURA (e.g. in Jakarta, Blanakan, Pekalongan, Semarang, and Demak). Nevertheless, since the land subsidence and the sea level rise are believed to be continuing through times, insight analysis on these dykes “protector” is necessary. How long the dyke would effectively protect the land area would be highlight in this paper.
GENELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ DOĞRUSAL MODELLER İLE SİGORTA ŞİRKETLERİNDE HASAR REZERVİNİN TAHMİNİ
Authors: ARSLAN Yusuf , ALTAŞ Dilek 
Published: September 2019

Hayat-dışı sigortalarda, hasar talepleri ile hasar
dosyasının kapanması arasında zaman farkı mevcuttur. Ayrıca, yasal
düzenlemeler, hasarın gecikmeli raporlanması ya da yapılan itirazlar, hasar
talebinde bulunmanın zaman alması veya kapalı dosyaların yeniden açılmasına
neden olabilmektedir. Sigorta şirketlerinin yükümlülüklerini yerine
getirebilmesi için ayrılacak olan hasar rezervlerini doğrun tespit etmesi,
şirketin mali yapısının korunması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Rezerv hesabında
kullanılan geçmiş veriler genellikle üçgen merdiven metodu ile
gösterilmektedir. Bu veriler iki zaman ekseninde birbirinden ayrılır. Yatay
eksen hasar gelişim yılını ve dikey eksen hasar oluşum yılını göstermektedir.
Genelleştirilmiş Doğrusal Modeller hasar rezervlerinin tahmininde etkin bir
yoldur.
YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: KAVCIOĞLU Şahap 
Published: September 2019

Büyüme
ve kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda, tüm dünyada enerjiye olan talep hızla
artmaktadır. Enerjiye olan talebin artması ise, beraberinde mevcut enerji
kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi ya da yeni enerji kaynaklarının üzerinde
çalışmasına sebep olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar artan enerji talebiyle birlikte
fosil yakıtların hızla tükendiğini ve yakın gelecekte kaynak problemi
yaşanabileceğini göstermektedir. Fosil yakıtların tükendiği durumda nükleer
enerji konusunda da süregelen tartışmaların olması, yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarının önemini aynı doğrultuda artırmaktadır. Bakıldığında, tüm dünya
ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları alanında hızlı bir ivme kazanımı
söz konusudur. Gelişmekte olan ülke niteliğinde olan Türkiye’nin de bu alandaki
potansiyeli dikkate alındığında, küresel rekabetten kayba uğramamak için
özellikle rüzgar, hidrolik ve güneş enerjisi yatırımlarının arttırılması tam
bir zorunluluktur.
Chronic Ethanol Differentially Modulates Glutamate Release from Dorsal and Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Inputs onto Rat Basolateral Amygdala Principal Neurons
Authors: McGinnis Molly M. , Parrish Brian C. , Chappell Ann M. , Alexander Nancy J. , McCool Brian A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) have strong reciprocal connectivity. Projections from the BLA to the mPFC can drive innate, anxiety-related behaviors, but it is unclear whether reciprocal projections from the mPFC to BLA have similar roles. Here, we use optogenetics and chemogenetics to characterize the neurophysiological and behavioral alterations produced by chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) and ventral mPFC (vmPFC) medial prefrontal cortical terminals in the BLA. We exposed adult male Sprague Dawley rats to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) using vapor chambers, measured anxiety-like behavior on the elevated zero maze, and used electrophysiology to record glutamatergic and GABAergic responses in BLA principal neurons. We found that withdrawal from a 7 d CIE exposure produced opposing effects at dmPFC (increased glutamate release) and vmPFC (decreased glutamate release) terminals in the BLA. Chemogenetic inhibition of dmPFC terminals in the BLA attenuated the increased anxiety-like behavior we observed during withdrawal. These data demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal strengthen the synaptic connections between the dmPFC and BLA but weakens the vmPFC–BLA pathway. Moreover, facilitation of the dmPFC–BLA pathway during withdrawal contributes to anxiety-like behavior. Given the opposing roles of dmPFC–BLA and vmPFC–BLA pathways in fear conditioning, our results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure simultaneously facilitates circuits involved in the acquisition of and diminishes circuits involved with the extinction of withdrawal-related aversive behaviors.
Fluorescence-Based Quantitative Synapse Analysis for Cell Type-Specific Connectomics
Authors: Kuljis Dika A. , Park Eunsol , Telmer Cheryl A. , Lee Jiseok , Ackerman Daniel S. , Bruchez Marcel P. , Barth Alison L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnatomical methods for determining cell type-specific connectivity are essential to inspire and constrain our understanding of neural circuit function. We developed genetically-encoded reagents for fluorescence-synapse labeling and connectivity analysis in brain tissue, using a fluorogen-activating protein (FAP)-coupled or YFP-coupled, postsynaptically-localized neuroligin-1 (NL-1) targeting sequence (FAP/YFPpost). FAPpost expression did not alter mEPSC or mIPSC properties. Sparse AAV-mediated expression of FAP/YFPpost with the cell-filling, red fluorophore dTomato (dTom) enabled high-throughput, compartment-specific detection of putative synapses across diverse neuron types in mouse somatosensory cortex. We took advantage of the bright, far-red emission of FAPpost puncta for multichannel fluorescence alignment of dendrites, FAPpost puncta, and presynaptic neurites in transgenic mice with saturated labeling of parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing neurons using Cre-reporter driven expression of YFP. Subtype-specific inhibitory connectivity onto layer 2/3 (L2/3) neocortical pyramidal (Pyr) neurons was assessed using automated puncta detection and neurite apposition. Quantitative and compartment-specific comparisons show that PV inputs are the predominant source of inhibition at both the soma and the dendrites and were particularly concentrated at the primary apical dendrite. SST inputs were interleaved with PV inputs at all secondary-order and higher-order dendritic branches. These fluorescence-based synapse labeling reagents can facilitate large-scale and cell-type specific quantitation of changes in synaptic connectivity across development, learning, and disease states.
Dopamine Acts via D2-Like Receptors to Modulate Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus
Authors: Hoyt Jeffrey M. , Perkel David J. , Portfors Christine V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability to understand speech relies on accurate auditory processing of complex sounds. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease suffer from speech perception deficits, suggesting that dopamine is involved in the encoding of complex sounds. Recent studies have demonstrated that dopamine has heterogeneous effects on the responses of many neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of mice, although the strongest effect is to suppress neural activity. However, it was previously unknown which dopamine receptors are involved in modulating neuronal responses, and whether the observed preponderance of depressive effects reflects the endogenous dopamine system in the IC. In this study, we tested whether dopamine acts via D1- and/or D2-like receptors to alter responses of IC neurons in female and male mice. We also tested the effect of optogenetically induced dopamine release on auditory responses in the IC. We found that the effects of dopamine in the IC occur via D2-like receptors. In iontophoretic and freely behaving experiments, the single-unit and multi-unit effects of dopamine and a D2-like agonist were heterogeneous as both either increased or decreased responses of IC neurons to tones, while a D2-like antagonist had opposite effects. We also found that optogenetic activation of the endogenous dopamine system in the IC alters responses of auditory neurons. Similar to the effects of exogenous dopamine application, optogenetic induction of endogenous dopamine release heterogeneously altered auditory responses in the majority of cells in mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Understanding how dopamine modulates auditory processing will ultimately inform therapies targeting mechanisms underlying auditory-related communication disorders.
Electrophysiological and Molecular Characterization of the Parasubiculum
Authors: Sammons Rosanna P. , Parthier Daniel , Stumpf Alexander , Schmitz Dietmar 
Published: September 2019

The parahippocampal region is thought to be critical for memory and spatial navigation. Within this region lies the parasubiculum, a small structure that exhibits strong theta modulation, contains functionally specialized cells, and projects to layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Thus, it is uniquely positioned to influence firing of spatially modulated cells in the MEC and play a key role in the internal representation of the external environment. However, the basic neuronal composition of the parasubiculum remains largely unknown, and its border with the MEC is often ambiguous. We combine electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry in adult mice (both sexes) to define first, the boundaries of the parasubiculum, and second, the major cell types found in this region. We find distinct differences in the colabeling of molecular markers between the parasubiculum and the MEC, allowing us to clearly separate the two structures. Moreover, we find distinct distribution patterns of different molecular markers within the parasubiculum, across both superficial-deep and DV axes. Using unsupervised cluster analysis, we find that neurons in the parasubiculum can be broadly separated into three clusters based on their electrophysiological properties, and that each cluster corresponds to a different molecular marker. We demonstrate that, while the parasubiculum aligns structurally to some to general cortical principals, it also shows divergent features in particular in contrast to the MEC. This work will form an important basis for future studies working to disentangle the circuitry underlying memory and spatial navigation functions of the parasubiculum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identify the major neuron types in the parasubiculum using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology, and determine their distribution throughout the parasubiculum. We find that the neuronal composition of the parasubiculum differs considerably compared with the neighboring medial entorhinal cortex. Both regions are involved in spatial navigation. Thus, our findings are of importance for unraveling the underlying circuitry of this process and for determining the role of the parasubiculum within this network.