bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The price of success: integrative long‐term study reveals ecotourism impacts on a flagship species at a UNESCO site
Authors: Monti F. , Duriez O. , Dominici J.‐M. , Sforzi A. , Robert A. , Fusani L. , Grémillet D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDisturbance of wildlife by ecotourism has become a major concern in the last decades. In the Mediterranean, sea‐based tourism and related recreational activities are increasing rapidly, especially within marine protected areas (MPAs) hosting emblematic biodiversity. We investigated the impact of ecotourism in the Scandola MPA (UNESCO World Heritage Site, Corsica island), on the population of a conservation flagship, the Osprey Pandion haliaetus. Over the 37‐year study period, tourists flow increased sharply. Osprey breeding performance initially increased, but then dropped for pairs nesting within the MPA compared to those breeding elsewhere in Corsica. We examined several hypotheses that could explain such reduction in breeding performance. Recent osprey breeding failures in the MPA are not caused by food scarcity. Using underwater fish surveys, we showed that fish consumed by ospreys were more numerous within the MPA. Focal observation at nests revealed that the overall number of boat passages within 250 m of osprey nests were three times higher inside the MPA compared to a control area. Elevated boat traffic significantly modified osprey time‐budgets, by decreasing prey provisioning rate by males, and increasing time spent alarming and flying off the nest in females. This caused stress, and corticosterone levels in chick feathers were three times higher in high‐traffic areas compared to places with lower touristic flow in Corsica, the Balearic Islands and Italy. Overall, our integrative, long‐term study demonstrates the negative impact of sea‐based ecotourism on the Corsican osprey population. This stresses the worldwide importance of rigorously implementing sustainable ecotourism, within well‐enforced MPAs.
Lysophosphatidic acid‐induced increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis facilitates the forgetting of cocaine‐contextual memory
Authors: Ladrón de Guevara‐Miranda David , Moreno‐Fernández Román Darío , Gil‐Rodríguez Sara , Rosell‐Valle Cristina , Estivill‐Torrús Guillermo , Serrano Antonia , Pavón Francisco J. , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Santín Luis J. , Castilla‐Ortega Estela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractErasing memories of cocaine–stimuli associations might have important clinical implications for addiction therapy. Stimulating hippocampal plasticity by enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a promising strategy because the addition of new neurons may not only facilitate new learning but also modify previous connections and weaken retrograde memories. To investigate whether increasing AHN prompted the forgetting of previous contextual cocaine associations, mice trained in a cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were administered chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, an endogenous lysophospholipid with pro‐neurogenic actions), ki16425 (an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist) or a vehicle solution, and they were tested 23 days later for CPP retention and extinction. The results of immunohistochemical experiments showed that the LPA‐treated mice exhibited reduced long‐term CPP retention and an approximately twofold increase in the number of adult‐born hippocampal cells that differentiated into mature neurons. Importantly, mediation analyses confirmed a causal role of AHN in reducing CPP maintenance. In contrast, the ki16425‐treated mice displayed aberrant responses, with initially decreased CPP retention that progressively increased across the extinction sessions, leading to no effect on AHN. The pharmacological treatments did not affect locomotion or general exploratory or anxiety‐like responses. In a second experiment, normal and LPA1‐receptor‐deficient mice were acutely infused with LPA, which revealed that LPA1‐mediated signaling was required for LPA‐induced proliferative actions. These results suggest that the LPA/LPA1 pathway acts as a potent in vivo modulator of AHN and highlight the potential usefulness of pro‐AHN strategies to treat aberrant cognition in those addicted to cocaine.
Baclofen: its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking, craving, and negative mood. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Rose Abigail K. , Jones Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are a limited number of pharmacotherapies licensed for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Baclofen is a γ‐aminobutyric acid B (GABA‐B) agonist which is used increasingly as an off‐label treatment. A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the efficacy of baclofen in reducing drinking behaviour, craving, depression and anxiety compared with placebo.MethodsRandom‐effects meta‐analyses were computed on outcome data from 12 RCTs comparing baclofen with placebo. Included RCTs provided data on at least one of the primary outcome measures (drinking‐related: heavy drinking days, abstinent days, abstinence rates) or secondary outcome measures (craving, anxiety, depression).ResultsBaclofen had a significant effect on abstinence rates when using intention‐to‐treat analysis [total n baclofen = 307, total n control = 283: odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 6.93; Z = 2.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 76%, number needed to treat = 8]. No other significant effects of treatment efficacy [e.g. heavy drinking days: standardized mean differences (SMD) = −0.26, 95% CI = –0.68, 0.15; Z = 1.24, P = 0.21, I2 = 95%] or mechanism of action (e.g. craving: SMD = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.36, 0.09; Z = 1.18, P = 0.24, I2 = 87%) were observed. There was substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes across each analysis.ConclusionsAs a treatment for alcohol use disorders, baclofen is associated with higher rates of abstinence than placebo. However, there is no superior effect of baclofen on increasing number of abstinent days, or decreasing heavy drinking, craving, anxiety or depression. These results suggest that the current increasing use of baclofen as a treatment for alcohol use disorders is premature.
Making the most of by‐catch data: Assessing the feasibility of utilising non‐target camera trap data for occupancy modelling of a large felid
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Cooper Sue , Uiseb Kenneth , Hayward Matt , Wachter Bettina , Melzheimer Joerg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCamera traps are an increasingly used tool in ecology, having the ability to capture large numbers of photographic records in short survey periods. For many surveys, the number of non‐target records outweighs those of focal species, making them a potentially rich and often under‐utilised data source. Occupancy analysis of non‐target data represents a potential way to optimise survey output, whilst increasing “return on investment.” This study assessed the feasibility of using non‐target data from a Hartmann's mountain zebra Equus zebra hartmannae survey in Gondwana Canyon Park, southern Namibia, for occupancy analysis on leopard Panthera pardus. Using a survey design with 15 camera traps at water sources, 26 leopard events were detected over 72 days. Model fit was adequate and produced a model‐averaged occupancy of 0.64 (SE 0.36) and a detection probability of 0.24 (SE 0.07). Whilst there was a lack of precision in the final occupancy estimate, the study provided valuable pilot data for future surveys. The results highlight the ability of camera traps to obtain information‐rich datasets, which, when properly archived, can be used for providing information on a number of ecological topics, ranging far beyond that which the traps were originally deployed for.
The dawn of a new ice age: social egg freezing
Authors: Jones Benjamin P. , Saso Srdjan , Mania Anastasia , Smith J. Richard , Serhal Paul , Ben Nagi Jara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven the age‐related decline in ovarian reserve and oocyte quality, it is unsurprising the global trend of deferring motherhood has resulted in increased levels of involuntary childlessness. The development of oocyte vitrification, with pregnancy and livebirth rates now comparable to using fresh oocytes, has provided an opportunity to cryopreserve oocytes electively for future use, empowering women with the capacity to delay their childbearing years. While it enhances reproductive autonomy, age‐related obstetric complications, economic implications and the risk of unsuccessful future treatment make this a controversial therapeutic option. However, some women have no reasonable alternative, such as single women approaching their late thirties, in whom egg freezing, although not a guarantee against involuntary childlessness, offers hope by extending the window of opportunity to find a partner. Given the upward trend in women electively cryopreserving their eggs, it would appear that a new ice age, from a fertility perspective, is upon us.
24‐hour oxygen saturation recordings in preterm infants: editing artefact
Authors: Wellington Grace , Elder Dawn , Campbell Angela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo create editing guidelines for artefact removal in preterm infant pulse oximetry recordings.Methods38 preterm infants ready for discharge home from the neonatal intensive care unit underwent 24‐hour pulse oximetry recording using the Masimo® Rad‐8 device. An expert panel determined editing rules based on clinical protocols. For each recording, three reports were generated, ‘raw’ no editing, ‘auto’ using the software editing feature and ‘manual’ reviewed and edited according to the rules. Primary outcome measures were desaturation indices including desaturation index 3% and 4%. Secondary measures included heart rate, mean oxygen saturation and time below 90%.ResultsWhile all oximetry outcomes differed significantly between editing modes, the majority were not considered likely to influence clinical management. Use of the auto editing compared to no editing did alter by >5%: Time spent <90% oxygen saturation and Desaturation index 4% >10 seconds. The use of manual editing removed extremely low pulse values that were considered unphysiological in this group of otherwise healthy infants.ConclusionWe recommend that oximetry recordings to determine cardiorespiratory stability in newborn infants ready for discharge from the neonatal unit have software editing features applied. This will remove artefact without consuming time in a busy unit.
The α2 isoform Na,K‐ATPase modulates contraction of rat mesenteric small artery via cSrc‐dependent Ca2+ sensitization
Authors: Bouzinova E. V. , Hangaard L. , Staehr C. , Mazur A. , Ferreira A. , Chibalin A. V. , Sandow S. L. , Xie Z. , Aalkjaer C. , Matchkov V. V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsThe Na,K‐ATPase is involved in a large number of regulatory activities including cSrc‐dependent signalling. Upon inhibition of the Na,K‐ATPase with ouabain, cSrc activation is shown to occur in many cell types. This study tests the hypothesis that acute potentiation of agonist‐induced contraction by ouabain is mediated through Na,K‐ATPase‐cSrc signalling‐dependent sensitization of vascular smooth muscle cells to Ca2+.MethodsAgonist‐induced rat mesenteric small artery contraction was examined in vitro under isometric conditions and in vivo in anaesthetized rats. Arterial wall tension and [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells were measured simultaneously. Changes in cSrc and myosin phosphatase targeting protein 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation were analysed by Western blot. Protein expression was examined with immunohistochemistry. The α1 and α2 isoforms of the Na,K‐ATPase were transiently downregulated by siRNA transfection in vivo.ResultsTen micromolar ouabain, but not digoxin, potentiated contraction to noradrenaline. This effect was not endothelium‐dependent. Ouabain sensitized smooth muscle cells to Ca2+, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of cSrc and MYPT1. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase by genistein, PP2 or pNaKtide abolished the potentiating effect of ouabain on arterial contraction and Ca2+ sensitization. Downregulation of the Na,K‐ATPase α2 isoform made arterial contraction insensitive to ouabain and tyrosine kinase inhibition.ConclusionData suggest that micromolar ouabain potentiates agonist‐induced contraction of rat mesenteric small artery via Na,K‐ATPase‐dependent cSrc activation, which increases Ca2+ sensitization of vascular smooth muscle cells by MYPT1 phosphorylation. This mechanism may be critical for acute control of vascular tone.
An expert consensus for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans
Authors: Tong M. J. , Pan C. Q. , Han S.‐H. B. , Lu D. S.‐K. , Raman S. , Hu K.‐Q. , Lim J. K. , Hann H. W. , Min A. D. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common with major clinical consequences. In Asian Americans, theHBsAg carrier rate ranges from 2% to 16% which approximates the rates from their countries of origin. Similarly,HBVis the most important cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver related deaths inHBsAg positive Asians worldwide.AimTo generate recommendations for the management of Asian Americans infected withHBV.MethodsThese guidelines are based on relevant data derived from medical reports onHBVfrom Asian countries as well as from studies in theHBsAg positive Asian Americans. The guidelines herein differ from other recommendations in the treatment of bothHBeAg positive and negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB), in the approach toHCCsurveillance, and in the management ofHBVin pregnant women.ResultsAsian American patients,HBeAg positive or negative, withHBV DNAlevels >2000 IU/mL (>104copies/mL) andALTvalues above normal are candidates for anti‐viral therapy.HBeAg negative patients withHBV DNA>2000 IU/mL and normalALTlevels but who have either serum albumin <3.5 g/dL or platelet count <130 000 mm3, basal core promoter (BCP) mutations, or who have first‐degree relatives withHCCshould be offered treatment. Patients with cirrhosis and detectableHBV DNAmust receive life‐long anti‐viral therapy. Indications for treatment include pregnant women with high viraemia, coinfected patients, and those requiring immunosuppressive therapy. InHBsAg positive patients with risk factors, life‐long surveillance forHCCwith alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) testing and abdominal ultrasound examination at 6‐month intervals is required. InCHBpatients receivingHCCtreatments, repeat imaging with contrastCTscan orMRIat 3‐month intervals is strongly recommended. These guidelines have been assigned to a Class (reflecting benefit vs. risk) and a Level (assessing strength or certainty) of evidence.ConclusionsApplication of the recommendations made based on a review of the relevant literature and the opinion of a panel of Asian American physicians with expertise inHBVtreatment will inform physicians and improve patient outcomes.
A critical appraisal of the evidence for the role of splenectomy in adults and children with ITP
Authors: Rodeghiero Francesco 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia, long‐term response to splenectomy, with 60% of patients enjoying a treatment‐free life, is higher when compared with rituximab and similar to that with continuous thrombopoietin‐receptor agonists (TPO‐RA) administration. Splenectomy should continue to be offered to patients failing initial treatments in the absence of increased surgery‐related risks. The higher lifelong safety concerns with splenectomy (increased risk of infection, shared in part with rituximab, and of thrombosis, in common with TPO‐RA) and a mortality <1–2%, justify postponing surgery to the chronic phase, when spontaneous remissions are rarer. Patients failing initial treatment with corticosteroids/intravenous immunoglobulin may use TPO‐RA (or rituximab in selected cases) as a bridge to surgery if they prefer to reconsider splenectomy later on, in case of no response, adverse effects or if sustained response after stopping TPO‐RA is not attained. Special considerations apply in children aged ≤5 years, with splenectomy playing a marginal role. The recent approval of TPO‐RA in children may represent a major advancement.
ERAP1/ERAP2 and RUNX3 polymorphisms are not associated with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in Chinese Han
Authors: Su W , Du L , Liu S , Deng J , Cao Q , Yuan G , Kijlstra A , Yang P 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Previous studies show that endoplasmic reticulum-associated aminopeptidase (ERAP1/ERAP2) and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene polymorphisms are associated with AS (ankylosing spondylitis) in European Caucasians. However, contradictory results were reported in different Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether eleven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1/ERAP2 and six in RUNX3 genes confer susceptibility to AS with or without acute anterior uveitis (AAU) [AS+AAU+ or AS+AAU–] in Chinese Han. Therefore, a case–control association study was performed in 882 AS+AAU−, 884 AS+AAU+ and 1727 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the iPLEXGold genotyping assay. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of polymorphisms of ERAP1 with AS susceptibility in Asian populations. No association was found between SNPs of ERAP1/ERAP2/RUNX3 and susceptibility of AS with or without AAU. A case–control study between patients with human leucocyte antigen HLA-B27-positive and healthy controls also failed to demonstrate an association of the tested SNP with AS with or without AAU. Moreover, a meta-analysis showed that there was no association of rs30187, rs27037, rs27980, rs27434 and rs27582 in ERAP1 with AS in Chinese Han. Taken together, 17 SNPs in ERAP1/ERAP2 and RUNX3 genes did not confer disease susceptibility to AS in Chinese Han.
In vivo evaluation of β‐CS/n‐HA with different physical properties as a new bone graft material
Authors: Elkholy Sahar , Yahia Sarah , Awad Manal , Elmessiery Medhat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundNatural polymer composite materials are becoming increasingly important as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Composite materials based on combinations of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics, including CTS and Hap.Purposeβ‐Chitosan/n‐HA composite with different percentages was prepared. Some of the physical and mechanical properties were examined by using (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope). Histological evaluation of in vivo implantation of β‐Chitosan/n‐HA composite as bone graft material was done.Material and Methodsβ‐type chitosan was obtained through a modified procedure from squid pens (Loligo vulgaris). It was used in combination with different proportions of nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA), to develop new series of β‐CS/n‐HA nanocomposites. Sample were obtained in a powder form with the ratio of 30 CH to 70% nHA. The product was implanted in the femoral condyle of the animals (adult rabbits).ResultsCompact strength was 13.05 MPa for the weight ratio of 30/70. Histological examinations showed that the implant not only biological compatible but also its presence promotes and accelerate bone growth.ConclusionsThe composite β‐CS/HPa (30/70) as biodegradable bone substitute that not only enhance bone generation but also accelerate the formation of Haversian system. We used the composite in a powder form and examined its suitability as artificial bone graft; yet the mechanical properties have shown that 30/70 ratio of β‐CS/HPa offer suitable mechanical strength to be employed as a solid‐shaped implants.
Preferential modulation of the lateral habenula activity by serotonin‐2A rather than ‐2C receptors: Electrophysiological and neuroanatomical evidence
Authors: Delicata Francis , Bombardi Cristiano , Pierucci Massimo , Di Maio Roberto , De Deurwaerdère Philippe , Di Giovanni Giuseppe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsSerotonergic (5‐HT) modulation of the lateral habenula (LHb) activity is central in normal and pathologic conditions such as mood disorders. Among the multiple 5‐HT receptors (5‐HTRs) involved, the 5‐HT2CR seems to play a pivotal role. Yet, the role of 5‐HT2ARs in the control of the LHb neuronal activity is completely unknown.MethodsSingle‐cell extracellular recording of the LHb neurons was used in rats to study the effect of the general activation and blockade of the 5‐HT2CR and 5‐HT2AR with Ro 60‐0175 and SB242084, TCB‐2 and MDL11939, respectively. The expression of both receptors in the LHb was confirmed using immunohistochemistry.ResultsCumulative doses (5‐640 μg/kg, iv) of Ro 60‐0175 and TCB‐2 affected the activity of 34% and 63% of the LHb recorded neurons, respectively. LHb neurons were either inhibited at low doses or excited at higher doses of the 5‐HT2A/CR agonists. SB242084 or MDL11939 (both at 200 μg/kg, iv) did not modify neuronal firing when injected alone, but reverted the bidirectional effects of Ro 60‐0175 or TCB‐2, respectively. 5‐HT2CRs and 5‐HT2ARs are expressed in less than the 20% of the LHb neurons, and they neither colocalize nor make heterodimers. Strikingly, only 5‐HT2ARs are expressed by the majority of LHb astrocyte cells.ConclusionsPeripheral administration of 5‐HT2AR agonist promotes a heterogeneous pattern of neuronal responses in the LHb, and these effects are more prominent than those induced by the 5‐HT2CR activation.
Neuroanatomical profiles of bilingual children
Authors: Archila‐Suerte Pilar , Woods Elizabeth A. , Chiarello Christine , Hernandez Arturo E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to examine differences in cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume between bilingual children who are highly proficient in two languages (i.e., English and Spanish) and bilingual children who are mainly proficient in one of the languages (i.e., Spanish). All children (N= 49) learned Spanish as a native language (L1) at home and English as a second language (L2) at school. Proficiency of both languages was assessed using the standardized Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery. Five‐minute high‐resolution anatomical scans were acquired with a 3‐Tesla scanner. The degree of discrepancy between L1 and L2 proficiency was used to classify the children into two groups: children withbalanced proficiencyand children withunbalanced proficiency. The groups were comparable on language history, parental education, and other variables except English proficiency. Values of cortical thickness and surface area of the transverseSTG,IFG‐pars opercularis, andMFG, as well as subcortical volume of the caudate and putamen, were extracted from FreeSurfer. Results showed that children with balanced bilingualism had thinner cortices of the leftSTG, leftIFG, leftMFGand a larger bilateral putamen, whereas unbalanced bilinguals showed thicker cortices of the same regions and a smaller putamen. Additionally, unbalanced bilinguals with stronger foreign accents in the L2 showed reduced surface areas of theMFGandSTSbilaterally. The results suggest that balanced/unbalanced bilingualism is reflected in different neuroanatomical characteristics that arise from biological and/or environmental factors.