bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of Ortho‐Fluoroazobenzenes on Liquid Crystalline Phase Stability and 2D (Planar) Actuation Properties of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Ditter David , Braun Lukas B. , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, the influences of ortho‐fluoroazobenzenes (o‐Fbs) on liquid crystalline (LC) phase stability and actuation properties of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are presented. Such o‐Fbs find interest because they allow full photoswitching with visible light (no ultraviolet (UV) radiation). Novel o‐Fb monomers and crosslinkers are synthesized and characterized. Different amounts of an LC mixture are replaced with synthesized o‐Fbs successively and their influences on the LC phase stability in the cis and trans forms are observed through measuring the related clearing temperatures via polarized optical microscopy. LCE precursors containing 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mol% o‐Fb monomer or crosslinker are aligned in a magnetic field and polymerized as films in the LC phase. Thermal and visible light–controlled photochemical 2D (planar) actuation properties of LCE samples are investigated and compared to LCEs containing a liquid crystalline non‐fluorinated azobenzene monomer as reference. It is shown that, while the favorable photochemistry is obtained, the integration of o‐Fbs is less effective for photoswitching of the LC phase, because i) less o‐Fbs can be integrated without destroying the LC phase and ii) the trans–cis isomerization is less effective in destroying the LC phase.
Bis‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Carbazole‐Based Terpolymer for High Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Infra‐Red Photodiodes
Authors: Opoku Henry , Lim Bogyu , Shin Eun‐Sol , Kong Hoyoul , Park Jong Mok , Bathula Chinna , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarbazoles constitute one of the most widely used donor moieties for organic semiconductors due to their excellent hole transport and high environmental stability. However, they are seldomly used in recent high performance donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers. In the present study, a planar regular terpolymer, PCbisDPP, composed of carbazole and thiophene flanked bis‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (bis‐DPP) for application as an active layer for high‐performance organic devices is reported. Organic field‐effect transistors with PCbisDPP as the active layer exhibit field‐effect mobility up to 1.48 cm2 v−1 s−1, which to the best of the current knowledge corresponds to the highest hole mobility reported to date for carbazole‐based D–A polymers. The high mobility is achieved via a tailored polymer‐design resulting in high crystallinity and a strong aggregating property without sacrificing solubility. PCbisDPP is applied as an active donor material in organic photodiode with fullerene derivative PC61BM as an acceptor in a bulk heterojunction blend. Binary additive combinations (tetralin: 1,8‐diiodooxtane (3:3) v/v%) utilization achieves an impressive performance with an external quantum efficiency of 80%, an average responsivity of 309.1 mA W−1, and specific detectivity of 4.73 × 1011 Jones in the near infra‐red light region (730 nm) utilizing a simple single layer organic photodiode structure as ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCbisDPP:PC61BM/LiF/Al.
Distribution and Movement of Steelhead and Anglers in the Clearwater River, Idaho
Authors: Feeken Stacey F. , Bowersox Brett J. , Dobos Marika E. , Corsi Matthew P. , Quist Michael C. , Copeland Timothy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss is a species that is of high economic value that supports popular sport fisheries across the Pacific Northwest. The Clearwater River in Idaho provides a trophy steelhead fishery, and it is home to both wild- and hatchery-origin steelhead. To manage the fishery effectively, information is needed about the spatial and temporal overlap of wild and hatchery steelhead in the Clearwater River, as well as the activity of anglers. We conducted a radiotelemetry study to describe the distribution of steelhead and their final fate in the Clearwater River, and creel surveys were used to describe the distribution of anglers. In total, 289 wild (Potlatch River and Lochsa River) and hatchery (from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and South Fork Clearwater River) steelhead were radio-tagged at Lower Granite Dam, 51 river kilometers (rkm) downstream from the mouth of the Clearwater River. Fish were monitored upon their entry into the Clearwater River by using mobile tracking surveys (boat and vehicle) and stationary antennas. The majority of wild and hatchery steelhead arrived in the Clearwater River in the fall with the exception of those from the Lochsa River, which arrived in the fall and following spring. Average daily movement of the fish was minimal (range = 0.3–4.7 km/d) and dependent on water temperature and flow. The fates of wild and hatchery steelhead varied. Fish returned to spawning grounds, were harvested by anglers (hatchery fish only), or had unknown fates. Both wild and hatchery steelhead returned at high rates to their natal tributaries and release locations. No straying was observed in either group; however, occasions when steelhead have overshot their natal tributaries and release locations were documented. Spatial and temporal overlap of the distributions of wild and hatchery steelhead was minimal. The distribution of anglers overlapped with that of hatchery steelhead in the fall, winter, and spring. The distributional overlap of anglers and wild steelhead was minimal and largely occurred in September in the lower Clearwater River. This suggests that the Clearwater River has a highly compartmentalized fishery and that current fishing regulations in the Clearwater River are providing for a diversity of angling opportunities while conserving wild steelhead and offering harvest of hatchery fish. The results from this study have important implications for the conservation and management of wild and hatchery steelhead.
Sensors based on conductive polymers and their composites: a review
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Liu Aiping , Han Yongqin , Li Tingxi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConductive polymers (CPs) for sensors present numerous advantages such as high sensitivity, short response time, room temperature operation, and the possibility of tuning both chemical and physical properties by using different substituents. Therefore, sensors based on CPs and their composites have attracted much attention from researchers. The CPs used for sensors mainly consist of polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) etc. In this review, the fabrication, sensing performance, mechanism and perspectives of sensors based on CPs and their composites are thoroughly summarized. The CPs and their thin films were prepared under different polymerization conditions and used as various sensors. CP composites combine the advantages of CPs and other sensing materials such as carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, metals etc., and their sensors demonstrate a high sensing performance due to the synergistic effect of the components. Finally, the perspectives and development trends of sensors based on CPs and their composites are introduced. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Population pharmacokinetics of amikacin in patients with pediatric cystic fibrosis
Authors: Caceres Guido Paulo , Perez Mariel , Halac Alicia , Ferrari Mariela , Ibarra Manuel , Licciardone Nieves , Castaños Claudio , Gravina Luis P. , Jimenez Cristina , Garcia Bournissen Facundo , Schaiquevich Paula 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAmikacin is commonly used in patients with pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Amikacin efficacy is related to maximum plasma concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration (Cmax/MIC) ratio >8. Pharmacokinetic data in patients with pediatric CF are scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model describing amikacin disposition in patients with pediatric CF.MethodsCF patients under 18 years of age with pulmonary exacerbation who received amikacin were enrolled. Patients received different amikacin regimens (30 mg−1 kg−1 day−1every 8, 12, or 24 hours) depending on the patient's status and hospital protocols. Amikacin serum levels were obtained for therapeutic drug monitoring. PopPK model was developed using MONOLIX Suite‐2018R1 (Lixoft).ResultsA total of 39 patients (114 amikacin concentrations) were included in this study. Population estimates for the elimination rate constant (k) and the volume of distribution (V) were 0.541 hours−1and 0.451 L/kg, respectively. Between‐subject and between‐occasion variability were 53% and 16.5% for k and 31% and 22% for V, respectively. Bodyweight was a significant covariate associated with V. Based on simulations, almost 70% of the patients receiving 30 mg−1 kg−1 day−1every 24 hours would achieve a Cmax/MIC ratio >8 which is an appropriate therapeutic goal while no patient in the other two groups (Q8 and Q12) would achieve that objective.ConclusionsThe regimen of 30  mg−1 kg−1 day−1every 24 hours more adequately fulfilled the therapeutic target for amikacin. Although all our patients had good clinical results and a good adverse‐events profile, further studies are necessary to redefine the optimal treatment strategy.
Interaction of convective organization with monsoon precipitation, atmosphere, surface and sea: The 2016 INCOMPASS field campaign in India
Authors: Turner A. G. , Bhat G. S. , Martin G. M. , Parker D. J. , Taylor C. M. , Mitra A. K. , Tripathi S. N. , Milton S. , Rajagopal E. N. , Evans J. G. , Morrison R. , Pattnaik S. , Sekhar M. , Bhattacharya B. K. , Madan R. , Govindankutty Mrudula , Fletcher J. K. , Willetts P. D. , Menon A. , Marsham J. H. ,   and the INCOMPASS team, Hunt K. M. R. , Chakraborty T. , George G. , Krishnan M. , Sarangi C. , Belušić D. , Garcia‐Carreras L. , Brooks M. , Webster S. , Brooke J. K. , Fox C. , Harlow R. C. , Langridge J. M. , Jayakumar A. , Böing S. J. , Halliday O. , Bowles J. , Kent J. , O'Sullivan D. , Wilson A. , Woods C. , Rogers S. , Smout‐Day R. , Tiddeman D. , Desai D. , Nigam R. , Paleri S. , Sattar A. , Smith M. , Anderson D. , Bauguitte S. , Carling R. , Chan C. , Devereau S. , Gratton G. , MacLeod D. , Nott G. , Pickering M. , Price H. , Rastall S. , Reed C. , Trembath J. , Woolley A. , Volonté A. , New B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe INCOMPASS field campaign combines airborne and ground measurements of the 2016 Indian monsoon, towards the ultimate goal of better predicting monsoon rainfall. The monsoon supplies the majority of water in South Asia, but forecasting from days to the season ahead is limited by large, rapidly developing errors in model parametrizations. The lack of detailed observations prevents thorough understanding of the monsoon circulation and its interaction with the land surface: a process governed by boundary‐layer and convective‐cloud dynamics. INCOMPASS used the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe‐146 aircraft for the first project of this scale in India, to accrue almost 100 h of observations in June and July 2016. Flights from Lucknow in the northern plains sampled the dramatic contrast in surface and boundary‐layer structures between dry desert air in the west and the humid environment over the northern Bay of Bengal. These flights were repeated in pre‐monsoon and monsoon conditions. Flights from a second base at Bengaluru in southern India measured atmospheric contrasts from the Arabian Sea, over the Western Ghats mountains, to the rain shadow of southeast India and the south Bay of Bengal. Flight planning was aided by forecasts from bespoke 4 km convection‐permitting limited‐area models at the Met Office and India's NCMRWF. On the ground, INCOMPASS installed eddy‐covariance flux towers on a range of surface types, to provide detailed measurements of surface fluxes and their modulation by diurnal and seasonal cycles. These data will be used to better quantify the impacts of the atmosphere on the land surface, and vice versa. INCOMPASS also installed ground instrumentation supersites at Kanpur and Bhubaneswar. Here we motivate and describe the INCOMPASS field campaign. We use examples from two flights to illustrate contrasts in atmospheric structure, in particular the retreating mid‐level dry intrusion during the monsoon onset.
New Complex of Copper on Boehmite Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient and Reusable Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of Sulfides and Ethers
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Heidarnezhad Zahra , Tahmasbi Bahman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBoehmite is a cubic orthorhombic structure of aluminum oxide hydroxide, which prepared via addition of sodium hydroxide solution to an aluminum nitrate solution at room temperature. In this work, the surface of boehmite nanoparticles (BNPs) modified by 3‐choloropropyltrimtoxysilane (3‐CPTMS), then reacted with N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiethylentriamine (TEDETA). Eventually, CuI immobilized on modified boehmite (CuI‐TEDETA@BNPs). Structure of this catalyst was characterized using FT‐IR, TEM, SEM, EDS, TGA, and AAS techniques. Finally, the catalytic activity of CuI‐TEDETA@BNPs was studied for the synthesis of ethers and sulfides. All ethers and sulfides were obtained in high yields, which reveals the high activity of described catalyst. This catalyst was reused for several times without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. Recovered catalyst was characterized by SEM and FT‐IR techniques, which shown a good agreement with fresh catalyst. Also, heterogeneity and stability of CuI‐TEDETA@BNPs confirmed by hot filtration test.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Conversion of Biomass Turpentine into α‐Terpineol
Authors: Murakami Vanessa T. , Marques Isabel O. , Cella Rodrigo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiomass is an alternative and renewable carbon feedstock for fossil fuel in chemical industry. An important pathway for biomass conversion is the conversion of turpentine oil into different chemical intermediates. Herein we described the hydration of turpentine assisted by ultrasound waves in the presence of an inorganic acid. The desired product α‐terpineol was obtained up to 60% of selectivity after 100% of conversion of the turpentine oil, and short reaction times were needed (15 minutes to 1 hour).
Assessment of the Efficiency of a Nanospherical Gallic Acid Dendrimer for Long‐Term Preservation of Essential Oils: An Integrated Chemometric‐Assisted FTIR Study
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Oliveri Paolo , Malegori Cristina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are volatile chemicals very popular in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as aromas, fragrances and alternative therapeutic devices. EOs are susceptible to oxidative degradation, loss of quality and alterations of sensory and pharmacological properties with production of smelly or harmful compounds, responsible for allergic reactions. For preventing EOs’ spoilage, synthetic preservatives are adopted, but with poor efficiency and danger of health diseases. Natural polyphenols as gallic acid (GA) are proposed as safer alternatives, but the low compatibility with oils limits their efficacy. In this study, a hydrophobic, GA‐enriched antioxidant dendrimer (GAD), is advised as an innovative preservative, after due evaluations. Besides oxidation chemical indexes, the desired information was obtained by FTIR spectroscopy assisted by multivariate analysis. For further confirmation, FTIR data were interpreted by considering the area of some selected bands. Iodometric titration, was performed to determine peroxide value (PV), selected as chemical index. GAD showed a preservative power extraordinary better than that of GA and no pro‐oxidant action.
Aryl‐Aryl Coupling of Salicylic Aldehydes through Oxidative CH‐activation in Nickel Salen Derivatives
Authors: Yankin Andrei N. , Lukyanov Daniil A. , Beletskii Evgenii V. , Bakulina Olga Yu. , Vlasov Petr S. , Levin Oleg V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe preparative electrosynthetic procedure for gram‐scale preparation of symmetric 4,4′‐dihydroxy‐3,3′‐diformylbiphenyls from salicylic aldehydes via the intermediate formation of ethylene‐bridged bis((2‐hydroxybenzylidene)imino)nickel (II) complexes is reported for the first time. This procedure represents a practical route to the variety of rare bisphenol derivatives. The electrochemical aryl‐aryl coupling via an oxidative CH – activation in NiSalens is exploited for facile and selective C−C bond formation.
Bioinspired Metamaterials: Multibands Electromagnetic Wave Adaptability and Hydrophobic Characteristics
Authors: Huang Lingxi , Duan Yuping , Dai Xuhao , Zeng Yuansong , Ma Guojia , Liu Yi , Gao Shaohua , Zhang Weiping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough various photonic devices inspired by natural materials have been developed, there is no research focusing on multibands adaptability, which is not conducive to the advancement of materials science. Herein, inspired by the moth eye surface model, state‐of‐the‐art hierarchical metamaterials (MMs) used as tunable devices in multispectral electromagnetic‐waves (EMWs) frequency range, from microwave to ultraviolet (UV), are designed and prepared. Experimentally, the robust broad bandwidth of microwave absorption greater than 90% (reflection loss (RL) < −10 dB) covering almost entire X and Ku bands (8.04–17.88 GHz) under a deep sub‐wavelength thickness (1 mm) is demonstrated. The infrared emissivity is reduced and does not affect the microwave absorption simultaneously, further realizing anti‐reflection and camouflage via the strong visible light scattering by the microstructure, and can prevent degradation by reducing the transmittance to less than 10% over the whole near UV band, as well as having hydrophobic abilities. The mechanism explored via simulation model is that topological effects are found in the bio‐structure. This discovery points to a pathway for using natural models to overcome physical limits of MMs and has promising prospect in novel photonic materials.
Highly Ordered N‐Doped Carbon Dots Photosensitizer on Metal–Organic Framework‐Decorated ZnO Nanotubes for Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Han Hyungkyu , Karlicky Frantisek , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar , Shin Sun Hae Ra , Chen Aiping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn spite of having several advantages such as low cost, high chemical stability, and environmentally safe and benign synthetic as well as operational procedures, the full potential of carbon dots (CDs) is yet to be explored as photosensitizers due to the challenges associated with the fabrication of well‐arrayed CDs with many other photocatalytic heterostructures. In the present study, a unique combination of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐decorated zinc oxide (ZnO) 1D nanostructures as host and CDs as guest species are explored on account of their potential application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. The synthetic strategy to incorporate well‐defined nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) arrays onto a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) anchored on ZnO 1D nanostructures allows a facile unification of different components which subsequently plays a decisive role in improving the material's PEC water splitting performance. Simple extension of such strategies is expected to offer significant advantages for the preparation of CD‐based heterostructures for photo(electro)catalytics and other related applications.
Integrating Flexible Electrochemical Sensor into Microfluidic Chip for Simulating and Monitoring Vascular Mechanotransduction
Authors: Jin Zi‐He , Liu Yan‐Ling , Fan Wen‐Ting , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs an interface between the blood flow and vessel wall, endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to hemodynamic forces, and the biochemical molecules released from ECs–blood flow interaction are important determinants of vascular homeostasis. Versatile microfluidic chips have been designed to simulate the biological and physiological parameters of the human vascular system, but in situ and real‐time monitoring of the mechanical force–triggered signals during vascular mechanotransduction still remains a significant challenge. Here, such challenge is fulfilled for the first time, by preparation of a flexible and stretchable electrochemical sensor and its incorporation into a microfluidic vascular chip. This allows simulating of in vivo physiological and biomechanical parameters of blood vessels, and simultaneously monitoring the mechanically induced biochemical signals in real time. Specifically, the cyclic circumferential stretch that is actually exerted on endothelium but is hard to reproduce in vitro is successfully recapitulated, and nitric oxide signals under normal blood pressure, as well as reactive oxygen species signals under hypertensive states, are well documented. Here, the first integration of a flexible electrochemical sensor into a microfluidic chip is reported, therefore paving a way to evaluate in vitro organs by built‐in flexible sensors.
A self‐learning fuzzy approach for proactive resource provisioning in cloud environment
Authors: Khorsand Reihaneh , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa , Ramezanpour Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe development of a communication infrastructure has made possible the expansion of the popular massively multiplayer online games. In these games, players all over the world can interact with one another in a virtual environment. The arrival rate of new players to the game environment causes fluctuations and players always expect services to be available and offer an acceptable service‐level agreement (SLA), especially in terms of response time and cost. Cloud computing emerged in the recent years as a scalable alternative to respond to the dynamic changes of the workload. In massively multiplayer online games applications, players are allowed to lease resources from a cloud provider in an on‐demand basis model. Proactive management of cloud resources in the face of workload fluctuations and dynamism upon the arrival of players are challenging issues. This paper presents a self‐learning fuzzy approach for proactive resource provisioning in cloud environment, where key is to predict parameters of the probability distribution of the incoming players in each period. In addition, we propose a self‐learning fuzzy autoscaling decision‐maker algorithm to compute the proper number of resources to be allocated to each tier in the massively multiplayer online games by applying the predicted workload and user SLA. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach under real and synthetic workloads. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is able to allocate resources more efficiently than other approaches.