bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Advancing Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education Through Research and Scholarship
Authors: Klig Jean E. , Fang Andrea , Fox Sean M. , Hom Jeffrey , Strobel Ashley , Tat Sonny , Wall Jessica J. , Bhat Rahul , Weinberg Eric , Deninghoff Kurt R. , Ishimine Paul , Kou Maybelle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo achieve high‐quality emergency care for pediatric patients nationwide, it is necessary to define the key elements for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) education and scholarship that would: 1) close the gaps in fundamental PEM education and 2) promote systems and standards that assure an ongoing communication of best practices between tertiary pediatric institutions, general (nonchildren's) hospital emergency departments, and urgent care centers. A working group of medical educators was formed to review the literature, develop a framework for consensus discussion at the breakout session, and then translate their findings into recommendations for future research and scholarship. The breakout session consensus discussion yielded many recommendations. The group concluded that future progress depends on multicenter collaborations as a PEM education research network and a unified vision for PEM education that bridges organizations, providers, and institutions to assure the best possible outcomes for acutely ill or injured children.
What Is the Specificity of the Aortic Dissection Detection Risk Score in a Low‐prevalence Population?
Authors: Ohle Robert , Anjum Omar , Bleeker Helena , McIsaac Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a time‐sensitive and difficult‐to‐diagnose aortic emergency. The American Heart Association (AHA) proposed the acute aortic dissection detection risk score (ADD‐RS) as a means to reduce miss rate and improve time to diagnosis. Previous validation studies were performed in a high prevalence population of patients. We do not know how the rule will perform in a lower‐prevalence population. This is important because application of a rule with low specificity would increase imaging rates and complications. Our goal was to assess if the diagnostic accuracy of the score would be maintained in a low‐prevalence population that we are attempting to risk stratify in the emergency department (ED).MethodsRetrospective cohort of patients age 18 years old and older who presented to two tertiary care EDs from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, and underwent a computed tomographic angiography to rule out AAS. Two trained reviewers extracted data using a standardized data collection form. AAS was defined according to accepted radiologic standards. The components of the AHA risk score were defined a priori. Agreement was measured using kappa statistic. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 University Edition.ResultsA total 370 patients underwent computed tomography for suspected AAS. Chief presenting symptoms were chest pain (207, 58%), back pain (26, 7%), abdominal pain (32, 8.6%), syncope (7, 2.6%), and symptoms of stroke (6, 1.6%). AAS was finally diagnosed in 12 (3.2%) patients: five (1.4%) type A aortic dissection, four (1%) type B aortic dissection, two (0.5%) an aortic intramural hematoma, no penetrating aortic ulcer, and one a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The presence of one or more ADD risk markers (ADD‐RS ≥ 1) was associated with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI = 73.5%–100%) and a specificity of 12.3% (95% CI = 9.1%–16.2%) for the diagnosis of AAS. The negative likelihood ratio was 0 and the positive likelihood ratio was 1.14 (95% CI = 1.1–1.2).ConclusionsOur study confirms that in North America the prevalence of AAS in those undergoing advanced imaging is low. The ADD‐RS in this population has a low specificity. A lack of defined inclusion criteria and a low specificity limits the application of this rule in practice.
The interactive effects of perceived peer drinking and personality profiles on adolescent drinking: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pocuca Nina , Hides Leanne , Quinn Catherine A. , White Melanie J. , Mewton Louise , Newton Nicola Clare , Slade Tim , Chapman Cath , Teesson Maree , Andrews Gavin , Allsop Steve , McBride Nyanda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims(1) To classify Australian adolescents according to their alcohol consumption trajectories; and (2) to assess the direct and interactive effects of perceived peer drinking (PPD) and personality on adolescent drinking.DesignProspective cohort study comprising secondary analysis of six waves of prospective data (collected between 2014 and 2016) from the control arm of the Climate Schools Combined Study.SettingNineteen schools across three Australian states.ParticipantsA total of 1492 socio‐demographically diverse students (mean age at baseline: 13.47; 68% female; 82% born in Australia).MeasurementsAlcohol consumption trajectories were assessed using self‐reported sipping of alcohol, full standard drink consumption, binge drinking and quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. One item assessed PPD and personality was assessed using the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale.FindingsEight hundred and sixty‐four (58%) adolescents consumed alcohol across the study period. Four drinking trajectories were identified: abstaining (n = 513; reference group); onset (n = 361; initiated after baseline); persistent (n = 531; initiated prior to baseline); and decreasing (n = 50; consumed alcohol at baseline but ceased or decreased thereafter). A significant PPD × anxiety sensitivity (AS) interaction affected probability of belonging to the onset (P < 0.001) and persistent (P = 0.003) trajectories. The effect of PPD on probability of belonging to the onset trajectory was only significant when adolescents reported low [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.464–2.646, P < 0.001], but not high AS. The effect of PPD on probability of belonging to the persistent drinking trajectory was stronger at low (95% CI = 2.144–3.283, P < 0.001), compared with high (95% CI = 1.440–2.308, P < 0.001) AS.ConclusionsIn Australian adolescents, self‐reported drinking onset and persistent drinking appear to be more strongly associated with perceived peer drinking in those with low anxiety sensitivity than those with high anxiety sensitivity.
Early adipose deposits in sheep: comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptome of Assaf and Churra suckling lambs
Authors: Suárez‐Vega A. , Arranz J. J. , Pérez V. , de la Fuente L. F. , Mateo J. , Gutiérrez‐Gil B. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAdipose deposits influence the quality of ruminant carcasses, and in suckling lambs, internal types of adipose deposits represent a notable proportion of total fat. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptomes of suckling lambs from two breeds with different growth and carcass characteristics. The perirenal fat tissue from 14 suckling lambs (Assaf,n = 8; Churra,n = 6) was used for theRNA‐seq analysis. The functional enrichment analysis of the 670 highly expressed genes (>150 fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped) in the perirenal fat transcriptome of both breeds revealed that the majority of these genes were involved in energy processes. The expression of theUCP1gene, a classical biomarker of brown fat, and the presence of multilocular adipocytes in the two breeds supported the presence of brown fat at the transition stage towards white fat tissue. The differential expression analysis performed identified 373 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two compared breeds. Brown/white fat gene biomarkers were not included in the list ofDEGs. In Assaf lambs,DEGs were enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes related to fatty‐acid oxidation, whereas in Churra lambs, the majority of the significantly enrichedGOterms were related to cholesterol synthesis, which suggests that upregulatedDEGs in Assaf lambs are implicated in fat burning, whereas the Churra upregulatedDEGs are linked to fat accumulation. These results can help to increase knowledge of the genes controlling early fat deposition in ruminants and shed light on fundamental aspects of adipose tissue growth.
Vessel of God/Access to God: American Sign Language Interpreting in American Evangelical Churches
Authors: Friedner Michele Ilana 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAccording to professional understandings, American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters provide language and communication access. This article draws on ethnographic research and interviews with ASL interpreters in the United States to analyze the category of “faith‐based” interpreting in relation to “professional” or “secular” interpreting. Through such a comparison, and through attention to the ethical, linguistic, and communicative practices of faith‐based interpreters, this article explores the stakes of foregrounding the concepts of access and agency in the context of disability. The concept of disability access is tethered tightly to secular epistemologies that deny the possibility of differential, distributed, or divine agency as well as forms of mediation that are not focused on language or communication. In centering principles of equal participation and inclusion, and the need for interpreters to have linguistic skills and specific orientations toward deaf people, the field of ASL interpreting has ignored a range of skills and competencies that exist outside the realm of the secular. Through an engagement with scholarship from disability studies and the anthropology of Christianity, this article argues for attending to and valuing extralinguistic forms of interpretation and the need for more capacious understandings of access and agency in the context of disability and beyond. [deafness, interpretation, accessibility, disability, Christianity]
Tales of Esnesv: Indigenous Oral Traditions about Trader‐Diplomats in Ancient Southeastern North America
Authors: Bloch Lee 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMaterial assemblages excavated from sites across eastern North America indicate the existence of ancient exchange networks that once spanned from the Gulf Coast to the Great Lakes and from the Atlantic to the Ozarks. Yet identifying specific mechanisms of trade is more difficult. This article investigates oral traditions about esnesv—persons who acted as travelers, traders, diplomats, and acolytes—told in a Native American community in the US South whose members identify as of Muskogee (Creek) ancestry. Esnesv traveled great distances, enjoyed impunity in enemy territories, facilitated exchanges of knowledge and materials with important celestial qualities, and mediated peacemaking between peoples. Esnesv stories provide Indigenous perspectives on ancient exchange and diplomacy practices as a historically particular and archaeologically viable alternative to elite‐controlled trade models. These stories describe trade goods that are simultaneously of earth and sky, furthering archaeological understandings of landscape and cosmology by rethinking difference, distance, and materiality. Esnesv threaded earthly fragments of the sky and Milky Way through peoples’ relationships with foreign others, making exchange and peace within a world of roads connecting diverse, place‐based lifeways. In doing so, they rebalanced the world, facilitating circulations of mobile landscapes and cosmic substances that generated new connectivities and ways of being. [oral traditions, exchange, decolonizing methodologies, Native American and Indigenous peoples, North America]
Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Söderman Lisa , Edlund Måns , Marions Lena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents and its effect on daily life.Material and methodsA web‐based questionnaire with questions regarding menstrual symptoms was distributed to all girls born in 2000 and residing in Stockholm City (n = 3998). Questions regarding pain severity, other menstrual‐related symptoms, medical treatment, healthcare visits, and social and academic absenteeism were included in the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 1785 (45%) young women responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 1580 (89%, 95% CI 87‐90) stated that they had dysmenorrhea. Severe dysmenorrhea, scores 8‐10 on the numeric rating scale for pain, was reported by 574 of 1580 women (36%, 95% CI 34‐39). Fatigue was reported by 1314 of 1580 women (83%, 95% CI 81‐85), headache by 1296 (82%, 95% CI; 80‐84), dyschezia by 578 (37%, 95% CI 34‐39) and dysuria by 560 (35%, 95% CI 33‐38). A suboptimal use of analgesics was reported. Hormonal therapy as pain treatment was used by 10% (157/1580, 95% CI 9‐12). Healthcare facilities, including school nurses, had been visited by 525 of 1580 women (33%, 95% CI; 31‐36). Doctors had been consulted by 7% (116/1580, 95% CI 6‐9). Fifty‐nine percent (930/1580, 95% CI 56‐61) reported refraining from social activities due to dysmenorrhea. Absenteeism from school was reported to occur monthly by 228 of 1580 women (14%, 95% CI 13‐16), and several times per year by 716 (45%, 95% CI 43‐48).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that menstrual pain is prevalent among teenagers in Stockholm. The results indicate that many women are disabled in their daily life and that only a small number of women seek medical attention, although possible selection bias might have affected the results. Information and education are needed to optimize the use of existing treatment options and more awareness is needed to reduce normalization of disabling dysmenorrhea.
Review findings included diminished coronary flow reserve after surgery in children with congenital heart disease and inflammation
Authors: Pesonen Erkki , Liuba Petru , Aburawi Elhadi H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this review was to develop a deeper knowledge of the physiology of coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve in young patients with congenital heart disease and inflammatory diseases.MethodsWe searched for papers published in English on coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve using the PubMed and Google search databases. This identified 42 papers extending back to 1976 and a book from 2008 (Davis et al. Microcirculation. Boston, MA: Elsevier, 2008: 161–284).ResultsOur review showed that the implications of coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease and inflammatory diseases are still not fully understood. However, a key finding was that coronary flow reserve was diminished in patients with congenital heart disease and inflammation after surgery, with or without a cardiopulmonary bypass. Other findings discussed by this review relate to volume and pressure overload in acyanotic congenital heart disease, reduced myocardial perfusion and cyanotic congenital heart disease.ConclusionWe still have much to discover about paediatric patients with congenital heart disease and inflammatory diseases. Understanding the pathophysiology of coronary blood flow could help the postoperative treatment of such patients.
The effect of indapamide vs. bendroflumethiazide for primary hypertension: a systematic review
Authors: Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Pigazzani Filippo , Flynn Robert W.V. , MacDonald Thomas M. 
Published: October 2018

The aims of the current review were to compare the efficacy of monotherapy with bendroflumethiazide vs. indapamide on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, blood pressure, need for intensification of treatment and treatment withdrawal. Two authors independently screened the results of a literature search, assessed the risk of bias and extracted relevant data. Randomized clinical trials of hypertensive patients of at least a 1‐year duration were included. When there was disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. Risk ratio (RR) and mean differences were used as measures of effect. Two trials comparing bendroflumethiazide against placebo, one comparing indapamide with placebo and three of short duration directly comparing indapamide and Bendroflumethiazide, were included. No statistically significant difference was found between indapamide and bendroflumethiazide for all deaths [RR 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57, 1.18], cardiovascular deaths (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.55, 1.20), noncardiovascular deaths (0.81; 95% CI 0.54, 1.22), coronary events (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.30, 1.79) or all cardiovascular events (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.67, 1.18). Indapamide performed worse for stroke (RR 2.21; 95% CI 1.19, 4.11), even though a reduction in RR compared with placebo was observed in both groups. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between indapamide and bendroflumethiazide in blood pressure reduction (mean absolute difference <1 mmHg). The present review highlights a lack of studies to answer the review question but also a lack of evidence of superiority of one drug over the other. Therefore, there is a clear need for new studies directly comparing the effect of these drugs on the outcomes of interest.
Significantly lower CYP2D6 metabolism measured as the O/N‐desmethylvenlafaxine metabolic ratio in carriers of CYP2D6*41 versus CYP2D6*9 or CYP2D6*10: a study on therapeutic drug monitoring data from 1003 genotyped Scandinavian patients
Authors: Haslemo Tore , Eliasson Erik , Jukić Marin M. , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Molden Espen 
Published: October 2018

AimsCYP2D6*9, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 are the most frequent reduced‐function CYP2D6 alleles in Caucasians. Despite lacking in vivo evidence, they are collectively classified with an enzyme activity score of 0.5. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the functional impact of CYP2D6*9, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 on CYP2D6 metabolism in a large patient population.MethodsA total of 1003 patients (mainly Caucasians) with data on CYP2D6 genotype and serum concentrations of venlafaxine and metabolites were included from a therapeutic drug monitoring service in Oslo, Norway. The O‐desmethyl‐to‐N‐desmethyl‐venlafaxine metabolic ratio (MR) was applied as CYP2D6 biomarker and compared (Mann–Whitney) between carriers of CYP2D6*9–10 (merged) and CYP2D6*41, either combined with CYP2D6*1 or non‐coding (null) alleles. MR subgroup estimates were obtained by multiple linear regression for calculations of CYP2D6*9–10 and CYP2D6*41 activity scores.ResultsMR was significantly lower in carriers of CYP2D6*41 than CYP2D6*9–10 (P < 0.002). The majority of CYP2D6*41/null carriers (86.7%) had MR in the observed range of CYP2D6null/null carriers compared with the minority of CYP2D6*9–10/null carriers (17.4%). CYP2D6 genotype explained 60.7% of MR variability in the multivariate analysis providing subgroup estimates of 9.54 (95% CI; 7.45–12.20), 3.55 (2.06–6.10), 1.33 (0.87–2.05) and 0.47 (0.35–0.61) in carriers of CYP2D6*1/null (n = 269), CYP2D6*9–10/null (n = 17), CYP2D6*41/null (n = 30) and CYP2D6null/null (n = 95), respectively. Based on these estimates, the calculated activity score of CYP2D6*41 was 0.095 compared to 0.34 for CYP2D6*9–10.ConclusionsCYP2D6 metabolism measured as the O/N‐desmethylvenlafaxine ratio is significantly lower in Scandinavian carriers of CYP2D6*41 vs. CYP2D6*9–10. Thus, these alleles should be differentiated when classifying CYP2D6 phenotype from genotype.
Breastfeeding duration modifies the effect of smoking during pregnancy on eczema from early childhood to adolescence
Authors: Mukherjee Nandini , Sutter Thomas R. , Arshad Syed Hasan , Holloway John W. , Zhang Hongmei , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoke contains compounds similar to coal tar, an ancient remedy of eczema. Some studies have reported protective effects of maternal gestational smoking on offspring eczema; however, others have shown no or increased risks. Similarly, studies linking breastfeeding duration and eczema have demonstrated contradictory findings. No study has yet investigated combined effects of these two factors on eczema.ObjectiveSince tobacco compounds can pass to offspring via breast milk, we investigated their combined effects on eczema development from childhood to adolescence.MethodsWe obtained information regarding gestational smoking, exclusive breastfeeding duration, and eczema at ages 1‐or‐2, 4, 10, and 18 years from the Isle of Wight (IOW) birth cohort, UK. Using generalized estimating equations, we assessed the interaction of gestational smoking and residual exclusive breastfeeding duration (Resid‐BF‐duration, obtained by regressing the latter on maternal smoking) on eczema over time adjusting for confounders. For the three transition periods of 1‐or‐2 to 4 years, 4‐10, and 10‐18 years, we estimated risks of persistent, incident, and remitting eczema associated with the interaction using repeated measurements.ResultsIf the mother smoked during gestation, longer Resid‐BF‐duration was associated with a lower risk of eczema, compared to if she did not smoke. The risk ratios (95% CI) if the mother smoked during gestation and exclusively breastfed for at least 3, 9, 15, 21 weeks are 0.7 (0.6, 1.7), 0.6 (0. 4, 0.9), 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), and 0.4 (0.2, 0. 8), respectively. Additionally, in all three transition periods, the risk of persistent eczema was lower with longer Resid‐BF‐duration if the mother smoked during gestation.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceResults suggest a protective effect of gestational smoking combined with longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding on early‐onset persistent eczema. Future studies should examine underlying biological mechanisms. Prolonged breastfeeding should be encouraged even if the mother smoked during gestation.
Oxytocin receptor gene variants are associated with emotion recognition and resilience, but not with false‐belief reasoning performance in healthy young Korean volunteers
Authors: Kim Hae Won , Kang Jee In , An Suk Kyoon , Kim Se Joo 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAimsA growing body of literature has indicated that oxytocin is associated with several domains of social cognition and behavior. Nevertheless, the effects of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms on social phenotypes remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the genetic influence of OXTR variants on social cognition (social perception and theory of mind) and resilience in healthy individuals.MethodsWe examined the influence of 10 common OXTR variants on social cognitive abilities, including facial emotion recognition and theory of mind, and trait resilience in 264 unrelated, healthy participants.ResultsWe found a significant association between the A‐C haplotype at rs237887‐rs2268490 and facial affect recognition. In addition, the single marker rs2254298 was significantly associated with participants’ scores on the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. In contrast, variations in OXTR did not affect participants’ performance on the false‐belief reasoning task.ConclusionsSingle makers or haplotypes at OXTR may contribute to individual differences in facial emotion recognition and psychological resilience.