bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care between hospital and primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ludvigsen Mette Spliid , Høy Bente 
Published: April 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map existing evidence of patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care between hospital and primary care.
The questions of this review are:What types of patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care have been described?Which theories, principles, components, methods, outcome measures and suggested practical applications of patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care have been described?Which levels of patient involvement for older adults in transitional care interventions can be identified?What are the key issues encountered by healthcare providers related to patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care?What evidence gaps in patient involvement interventions for older adults in transitional care can be identified?
Men's perceptions of the impact of the physical consequences of a radical prostatectomy on their quality of life: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Carrier Judith , Edwards Deborah , Harden Jane 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To identify men's perceptions of the impact of the physical consequences of a radical prostatectomy on their quality of life.

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and second most common cause of cancer death of men in the Western world. Compared to other prostate cancer treatments, trials report worse urinary incontinence and sexual function and similar bowel function among men with prostate-specific antigen detected prostate cancer who underwent radicalized prostatectomy.

Inclusion criteria:
This review included men of all ages and nationalities who had undergone a radical prostatectomy as treatment for any stage of prostate cancer. It considered studies that investigated:The physical consequences of radical prostatectomy and its impact on quality of life and life experience as identified by the men.The psychosocial implications of the identified physical consequences of radical prostatectomy as identified by the men.

Any setting where the topic was addressed with participants meeting the inclusion criteria was included. The review considered studies that focused on qualitative data including, but not limited to: phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and action research. Studies were included if they reported results relating to one or more of the phenomena of interest. Studies not written in English were excluded.

Methods:
The search strategy aimed to find published studies from six databases from database inception to November 2017. Methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the standardized JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. For data extraction, the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI) data extraction tool was used. A meta-aggregation was undertaken and the final synthesis of the findings was reached through discussion. Results are presented as five aggregated qualitative syntheses.

Results:
Nineteen qualitative studies were included in the review. The five synthesized findings were:1. Urinary incontinence is a significant problem for which men feel ill prepared.2. The impact of erectile dysfunction on men post-radicalized prostatectomy.3. Acceptance of the side-effects of radical prostatectomy.4. The impact of erectile dysfunction on relationships.5. Physical and psychosocial support are perceived to be essential for men to deal with the physical impact of radical prostatectomy on their quality of life.

Conclusions:
Urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction are significant side-effects of radical prostatectomy which have a negative impact on men's quality of life for which they feel ill prepared, and physical and psychosocial support is essential.
Effectiveness and safety of pharmacological sedation for aggressive or agitated adult patients in a prehospital emergency situation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Raab Martin , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Brook Carol 
Published: April 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify, evaluate and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological sedation for aggressive or agitated adult patients in a prehospital emergency situation.
Integration of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)‐dependent calcium signalling
Authors: Guse Andreas H. , Diercks Björn‐Philipp 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is currently the most potent endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger. Upon specific extracellular stimulation, rapid production of NAADP has been observed in different cell types from sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. More than 20 years after the discovery of NAADP, there is still controversy surrounding its metabolism and target receptors/ion channels and organelles. This article briefly reviews recent developments in the NAADP field. Besides the metabolism of NAADP, this review focuses on assumed organelles and putative targets, e.g. ion channels, with special emphasis on ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) and two‐pore channels (TPCs). The role of NAADP as a Ca2+ trigger is also discussed and the importance of NAADP in the formation of initial Ca2+ microdomains is highlighted.
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HIV Protease-Generated Casp8p41, When Bound and Inactivated by Bcl2, Is Degraded by the Proteasome
Authors: Natesampillai Sekar , Cummins Nathan W. , Nie Zilin , Sampath Rahul , Baker Jason V. , Henry Keith , Pinzone Marilia , O'Doherty Una , Polley Eric C. , Bren Gary D. , Katzmann David J. , Badley Andrew D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
HIV protease is known to cause cell death, which is dependent upon cleavage of procaspase 8. HIV protease cleavage of procaspase 8 generates Casp8p41, which directly binds Bak with nanomolar affinity, causing Bak activation and consequent cell death. Casp8p41 can also bind Bcl2 with nanomolar affinity, in which case cell death is averted. Central memory CD4 T cells express high levels of Bcl2, possibly explaining why those cells do not die when they reactivate HIV. Here, we determine that the Casp8p41-Bcl2 complex is polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Ixazomib, a proteasome inhibitor in clinical use, blocks this pathway, increasing the abundance of Casp8p41 and causing more cells to die in a Casp8p41-dependent manner.

IMPORTANCE
The Casp8p41 pathway of cell death is unique to HIV-infected cells yet is blocked by Bcl2. Once bound by Bcl2, Casp8p41 is polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Proteasome inhibition blocks degradation of Casp8p41, increasing Casp8p41 levels and causing more HIV-infected cells to die.
Colesevelam attenuates cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in Mdr2−/− mice by modulating composition, signalling and excretion of faecal bile acids
Authors: Fuchs Claudia Daniela , Paumgartner Gustav , Mlitz Veronika , Kunczer Victoria , Halilbasic Emina , Leditznig Nadja , Wahlström Annika , Ståhlman Marcus , Thüringer Andrea , Kashofer Karl , Stojakovic Tatjana , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Trauner Michael 
Published: April 2018

Background and aimsInterruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs) may protect against BA-mediated cholestatic liver and bile duct injury. BA sequestrants are established to treat cholestatic pruritus, but their impact on the underlying cholestasis is still unclear. We aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the BA sequestrant colesevelam in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis.MethodsMdr2−/− mice received colesevelam for 8 weeks. Gene expression profiles of BA homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis were explored in liver, intestine and colon. Hepatic and faecal BA profiles and gut microbiome were analysed. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels in portal blood were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, Mdr2−/− mice as well as wild-type 3,5-diethoxy-carbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-fed mice were treated with GLP-1-receptor agonist exendin-4 for 2 weeks prior to analysis.ResultsColesevelam reduced serum liver enzymes, BAs and expression of proinflammatory and profibrogenic markers. Faecal BA profiling revealed increased levels of secondary BAs after resin treatment, while hepatic and biliary BA composition showed a shift towards more hydrophilic BAs. Colonic GLP-1 secretion, portal venous GLP-1 levels and intestinal messenger RNA expression of gut hormone Proglucagon were increased, while ileal Fgf15 expression was abolished by colesevelam. Exendin-4 treatment increased bile duct mass without promoting a reactive cholangiocyte phenotype in mouse models of sclerosing cholangitis. Microbiota analysis showed an increase of the phylum δ-Proteobacteria after colesevelam treatment and a shift within the phyla Firmicutes from Clostridiales to Lactobacillus.ConclusionColesevelam increases faecal BA excretion and enhances BA conversion towards secondary BAs, thereby stimulating secretion of GLP-1 from enteroendocrine L-cells and attenuates liver and bile duct injury in Mdr2−/− mice.
Fat Intake and Risk of Skin Cancer in U.S. Adults
Authors: Park Min Kyung , Li Wen-Qing , Qureshi Abrar A. , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Fat intake has been associated with certain cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. However, literature on dietary fat and skin cancer has been limited.
Methods: We examined the association between fat intake and risk of skin cancer including cutaneous malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) within two prospective studies: the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Dietary information on total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega-6, and omega-3 fat and cholesterol was repeatedly assessed generally every 4 years. Incident cases were identified by self-report. Diagnosis on melanoma and SCC was confirmed by pathologic records.
Results: A total of 794 melanoma, 2,223 SCC, and 17,556 BCC in the NHS (1984–2012) and 736 melanoma, 1,756 SCC, and 13,092 BCC in the HPFS (1986–2012) were documented. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with risk of SCC [pooled HR for highest vs. lowest quintiles, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.28; Ptrend=0.001] and BCC (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11; Ptrend=0.01). Higher omega-6 fat intake was associated with risks of SCC, BCC, and melanoma. Omega-3 fat intake was associated with risk of BCC, but not with SCC or melanoma. No other fats were associated with melanoma risk. The associations were similar in women and men and by other skin cancer risk factors.
Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fat intake was modestly associated with skin cancer risk.
Impact: Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to identify relevant biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 776–82. ©2018 AACR.
Circadian Misalignment and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States
Authors: VoPham Trang , Weaver Matthew D. , Vetter Céline , Hart Jaime E. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Laden Francine , Bertrand Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Circadian misalignment may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to examine the association between distance from time zone meridian, a proxy for circadian misalignment, and HCC risk in the United States adjusting for known HCC risk factors.
Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) provided information on 56,347 HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries in the United States. Distance from time zone meridian was estimated using the location of each SEER county's Center of Population in a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between distance from time zone meridian and HCC risk adjusting for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level prevalence of health conditions, lifestyle factors, shift work occupation, socioeconomic status, and demographic and environmental factors.
Results: A 5-degree increase in longitude moving east to west within a time zone was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for HCC (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.14, P = 0.03). A statistically significant positive association was observed among those &lt;65 years old, while no association was observed among individuals ≥65 years old (Pfor interaction &lt; 0.01).
Conclusions: Circadian misalignment from residing in the western region of a time zone may impact hepatocarcinogenesis.
Impact: Circadian misalignment may be an independent risk factor for HCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 719–27. ©2018 AACR.
Intercomparison of Surface Temperatures from AIRS, MERRA, and MERRA-2 with NOAA and GC-Net Weather Stations at Summit, Greenland
Authors: Hearty Thomas J. , Lee Jae N. , Wu Dong L. , Cullather Richard , Blaisdell John M. , Susskind Joel , Nowicki Sophie M. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe surface skin and air temperatures reported by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AIRS/AMSU-A), the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and MERRA-2 at Summit, Greenland, are compared with near-surface air temperatures measured at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) weather stations. The AIRS/AMSU-A surface skin temperature (TS) is best correlated with the NOAA 2-m air temperature (T2M) but tends to be colder than the station measurements. The difference may be the result of the frequent near-surface temperature inversions in the region. The AIRS/AMSU-A surface air temperature (SAT) is also correlated with the NOAA T2M but has a warm bias during the cold season and a larger standard error than the surface temperature. The extrapolation of the temperature profile to calculate the AIRS SAT may not be valid for the strongest inversions. The GC-Net temperature sensors are not held at fixed heights throughout the year; however, they are typically closer to the surface than the NOAA station sensors. Comparing the lapse rates at the two stations shows that it is larger closer to the surface. The difference between the AIRS/AMSU-A SAT and TS is sensitive to near-surface inversions and tends to measure stronger inversions than both stations. The AIRS/AMSU-A may be sampling a thicker layer than either station. The MERRA-2 surface and near-surface temperatures show improvements over MERRA but little sensitivity to near-surface temperature inversions.
Understanding the Interdecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation: Joint Influence of Three Oceanic Signals
Authors: Zhang Zhiqi , Sun Xuguang , Yang Xiu-Qun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
East Asian summer monsoon precipitation (EASMP) features complicated interdecadal variability with multiple time periods and spatial patterns. Using century-long datasets of HadISST, CRU precipitation, and the ECMWF twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C), this study examines the joint influence of three oceanic interdecadal signals [i.e., Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM)] on the EASMP, which, however, is found not to be simply a linear combination of their individual effects. When PDO and AMO are out of phase, the same-sign SST anomalies occur in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, and a zonally orientated teleconnection wave train appears across the Eurasian mid-to-high latitudes, propagating from the North Atlantic to northern East Asia along the Asian westerly jet waveguide. Correspondingly, the interdecadal precipitation anomalies are characterized by a meridional tripole mode over eastern China. When PDO and AMO are in phase, with opposite sign SST anomalies in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, the sandwich pattern of anomalous stationary Rossby wavenumber tends to reduce the effect of the waveguide in the eastern Mediterranean region, and the teleconnection wave train from the North Atlantic travels only to western central Asia along a great circle route, causing Indian summer monsoon precipitation (ISMP) anomalies. The ISMP anomalies, in turn, interact with the teleconnection wave train induced by the PDO and AMO, leading to a meridional dipole mode of interdecadal precipitation anomalies over eastern China. Through the impact on the ISMP, the IOBM exerts significantly linear modulation on the combined impacts of PDO and AMO, especially over northern East Asia.
Exploring the Medical and Psychosocial Concerns of Adolescents and Young Adults With Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Hamilton Kayla V. , Ormond Kelly E. , Moscarello Tia , Bruce Janine S. , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Chang Kay W. , Bernstein Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study explores the experiences of adolescents and young adults with craniofacial microsomia, including the impact of growing up with this craniofacial condition on daily life and sense of self. The results may guide future research on optimally supporting individuals with craniofacial microsomia during this critical life phase. Design and Setting: Participants were recruited through a craniofacial center, online patient support groups, and social media sites. Eleven individual semistructured interviews with participants between 12 and 22 years old were conducted by a single interviewer, transcribed, iteratively coded, and thematically analyzed. Results: Five themes were evident in the data: (1) impact on personal growth and character development, (2) negative psychosocial impact, (3) deciding to hide or reveal the condition, (4) desire to make personal surgical decisions, and (5) struggles with hearing loss. Conclusions: We identified both medical and psychosocial concerns prevalent among adolescents with craniofacial microsomia. Although adolescents with craniofacial microsomia exhibit considerable resilience, the challenges they face impact their sense of self and should be addressed through psychosocial support and counseling. Further research should investigate the potential benefit of the wider use of hearing aids, as well as the involvement of patients in decision-making about reconstructive ear surgery.
Examination of the Origin and Branching Direction of the Anterior Medial Malleolar Artery From the Anterior Tibial Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Tonogai Ichiro , Hayashi Fumio , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: April 2018

Background. This study characterized the anterior medial malleolar artery (AMMA) branching from the anterior tibial artery (ATA) to identify problems in anterior ankle arthroscopy possibly contributing to injury to the AMMA. Methods. Barium was injected into 12 adult cadaveric feet via the external iliac artery and the origin and branching direction of the AMMA were identified on computed tomography. Results. The AMMA originated from the level of the ankle joint and below and above the ankle joint line (AJL) in 4 (33.3%), 6 (50.0%), and 1 (8.3%) specimen, respectively. Mean distance from the AJL to the branching point of the AMMA on the sagittal plane was 2.5 mm distal to the AJL. Mean angle between the distal longitudinal axis of the ATA and AMMA was 83.2°. Conclusions. This study established the origin and branching of the AMMA from the ATA. The AMMA should be examined carefully during ankle arthroscopy. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Cadaveric study
PDGF-A signaling is required for secondary alveolar septation and controls epithelial proliferation in the developing lung
Authors: Gouveia Leonor , Betsholtz Christer , Andrae Johanna 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) signaling through PDGF receptor α is essential for alveogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Pdgfa−/− mouse lungs have enlarged alveolar airspace with absence of secondary septation, both distinctive features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. To study how PDGF-A signaling is involved in alveogenesis, we generated lung-specific Pdgfa knockout mice (Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre) and characterized their phenotype postnatally. Histological differences between mutant mice and littermate controls were visible after the onset of alveogenesis and maintained until adulthood. Additionally, we generated Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre; PdgfraGFP/+ mice in which Pdgfra+ cells exhibit nuclear GFP expression. In the absence of PDGF-A, the number of PdgfraGFP+ cells was significantly decreased. In addition, proliferation of PdgfraGFP+ cells was reduced. During alveogenesis, PdgfraGFP+ myofibroblasts failed to form the α-smooth muscle actin rings necessary for alveolar secondary septation. These results indicate that PDGF-A signaling is involved in myofibroblast proliferation and migration. In addition, we show an increase in both the number and proliferation of alveolar type II cells in Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre lungs, suggesting that the increased alveolar airspace is not caused solely by deficient myofibroblast function.
Separators: a review of uses and limitations
Authors: Patel Devaki , Mubeen Suhaym , Taylor Nigel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Orthodontic separators (commonly known as spacers) are elastomeric or metal auxiliary appliances, which are often used in Orthodontics to create space between teeth and allow fitting of an orthodontic band. Separators can also be used to create space for other reasons such as to facilitate interdental reduction. This paper describes common uses and a variety of other purposes that can be achieved with the separator including: management of ectopic teeth; the creation of attachments on teeth; uprighting molars and detection of cavitated carious lesions. Separators have many benefits, however, they can cause discomfort and also periodontal problems if they remain dislodged beneath the contact point. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic separators can be used for a variety of clinical situations by both Orthodontists and General Dental Practitioners alike as a useful adjunct in the dental armamentarium.
Nemaline myopathy and severe dentofacial deformity − a case report
Authors: Deans Jamie , Durning Peter 
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Nemaline myopathy is one of the congenital muscular weakness disorders that are associated with dentofacial deformity and malocclusion. This case report describes the clinical and radiographic features of an individual with a severe form of the disease. A review of the published literature surrounding the condition helped us understand more about the aetiology of the condition and the various medical complications that are associated with it. It is hoped that this case report and our discussion will help the future management of other cases that present with a congenital myopathy or similar condition.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Muscular weakness disorders can cause severe dentofacial deformity and malocclusions. The orthodontist must understand the aetiology of the malocclusion and associated dentofacial deformity in order to offer effective management. All the clinical team needs to understand the underlying disease process and its prognosis for the patient and any treatment options considered.