bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide hydrate formation in porous media under dynamic conditions
Authors: Guo Boyun , Islam Muhammad‐Towhidul , Mahmood Md‐Nahin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInjecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsea water zones where the in situ temperatures are below the hydrate‐forming temperature of CO2 has been recently proposed to lock CO2 inside the water zones in solid hydrate form. It is a common concern that CO2 may form hydrates during the injection period that will reduce well injectivity. CO2 injection into sandstone cores under simulated subsea temperatures of 2°C and 3°C was investigated in this study. Experimental result shows that, at 2°C temperature, flowing CO2 at Darcy velocity 0.033 cm/s begins to form hydrate in the sandstone core at about 3.06 MPa (450 psi), which is much higher than the minimum required pressure of 1.5 MPa (220 psi) for CO2 to form hydrate in static condition. The pressure ratio is 450/220 = 2.05. At 3°C temperature, flowing CO2 at Darcy velocity 0.045 cm/s begins to form hydrate in sandstone core at about 3.67 MPa (540 psi), which is much higher than the minimum required pressure of 1.87 MPa (275 psi) for CO2 to form hydrate in static conditions. The pressure ratio is 540/275 = 1.96. The reason why the required minimum pressure for CO2 to form hydrates in dynamic conditions is about double the required hydrate‐forming pressure in static conditions is not fully understood. It is speculated that the shear rate effect of flowing fluids should slow down the growth of hydrate crystals or break down hydrate films, resulting in delayed formation of bulk CO2 hydrates. More investigations in this area are needed in the future.
It Matters How You Got There and Who Else Is Doing It: Examining the Effects of Two Social‐Contextual Characteristics of Working From Home
Authors: McAlpine Kristie L. , Bell Bradford S. , Léon Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on self‐determination theory, this study advances our understanding of employees' experiences working from home (WFH). Specifically, we examine the effects of two social‐contextual characteristics of WFH arrangements: whether employees voluntarily initiate their arrangement (WFH initiation) and the proportion of WFH employees in a unit (WFH density). We conducted multilevel analyses on a multisource dataset drawn from organizational HR records and two surveys of 2115 WFH employees in a Fortune 500 organization. Employees who voluntarily initiated WFH, rather than at their employer's direction, experienced higher job autonomy and lower isolation. WFH employees in units with a lower proportion of other WFH employees experienced higher job autonomy. WFH initiation and WFH density also had effects on several distal employee outcomes, including job satisfaction, organizational knowledge, and turnover intentions, through their effects on job autonomy and isolation. Our findings provide valuable insight into the experiences of WFH employees and call attention to two important, yet understudied, factors that shape these experiences.
Design Optimization of a Plate‐Fin Heat Exchanger With Metaheuristic Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Pachpute Santosh L. , More Kiran C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of a plate‐fin heat exchanger. The metaheuristic hybrid approach combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the genetic algorithm (GA). Seven critical design parameters are used as variables. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of this hybrid method through a case study based on existing literature. The numerical results show the superior performance of the hybrid genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization over conventional GA and PSO techniques. The hybrid method achieves an optimal configuration with increased accuracy in a shorter computational time, offering significant time and cost savings in the design process.
COVID‐19, Board of Directors and Pessimism in Annual Reports: An Intention to Mitigate Litigation Risk
Authors: Albitar Khaldoon , Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Karim ATM Enayet , Gerged Ali Meftah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of corporate COVID‐19 disclosure on the negative tone (pessimism) in annual reports. We also investigate how board size and board independence influence pessimism in annual reports. Using a U.K. sample from 2020, we employ various techniques to explore the COVID‐19 disclosure‐pessimism nexus. Our findings, supported by Tobit regression and a two‐stage least squares (2SLS) model, reveal a positive association between COVID‐19 disclosure and pessimism in annual reports. We observe that managers tend to disclose COVID‐19 information pessimistically as a risk mitigation strategy, aiming to prevent future earning shocks and potential litigation costs. Interestingly, our results also indicate that large boards and independent directors can bolster governance power, safeguarding firms against potential litigation costs by increasing pessimism in annual reports, both during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The Jahn–Teller distortion‐induced electronic structure regulation of Mn‐doped Co3O4 for enhanced acetone detection
Authors: Zhao Liang , Xin Congcong , Yu Chengchao , Xing Yunpeng , Wei Zefeng , Zhang Hongda , Fei Teng , Liu Sen , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Tong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe modulation of the electronic structure of metal oxides is crucial to enhance their gas‐sensing performance. However, there is lacking in profound study on the effect of electronic structure regulation on sensing performance. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy of Jahn–Teller distortion‐induced electronic configuration regulation of Co3O4 to improve acetone sensing performance. After the introduction of Mn3+ into Co3O4 (Mn‐Co3O4), the Jahn–Teller distortion of high‐spin Mn3+ (t2g3eg1) conversed to low‐spin Mn4+ (t2g3eg0), resulting in conversion of Co3+ (t2g6eg0) into Co2+ (t2g6eg1). As expected, Mn‐Co3O4 exhibits a high response value of 46.7 toward 100 ppm acetone, low limit of detection of 0.75 ppb, high selectivity, and high stability, which are overwhelmingly superior to previous Co3O4‐based acetone sensors. The dynamics and thermodynamics analysis demonstrate that the Mn doping improves sensing reaction rate, reduces reaction barrier, and promotes the charge transfer. The theoretical calculations further prove the charge transfer from Mn to Co derived from Jahn–Teller distortion and support promoting the adsorption of acetone on Co3O4 by Mn dopant. Moreover, we demonstrated the substantial potential application of Mn‐Co3O4 sensor as a monitoring gas sensor in pest resistance of Arabidopsis. This work provides a new strategy to design sensing materials from electronic configuration perspective.image
Only time will tell: How teams centralize their voice around competent members over time to perform better
Authors: Wu Jing , Tangirala Subrahmaniam , van Knippenberg Daan , Shu Rui 
Published: November 2024

SummaryWe posit that time significantly impacts how voice—members' expression of work‐related ideas—becomes unequally distributed within teams. Building upon insights from expectation states theory (EST), we propose that over time, voice becomes more centralized in teams, especially around members who are more competent than others. Moreover, we argue that teams whose members are higher in conscientiousness or openness to experience are better able to place more competent members in central speaking roles early on as well as progressively replace less competent members with more competent ones in those roles. Finally, we predict that, in comparison to teams that have egalitarian voice distributions, those that end up with more centralized voice distributions perform better when they give their most competent members more dominant speaking roles and perform worse when they do not. We found general support for these arguments in a study using four waves of data collected over time from 175 student project teams. Thus, we highlight how voice centralization does not always have negative consequences for teams but can benefit teams in certain circumstances. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Analysis of salinity‐induced metabolome changes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) roots and shoots: hydroponic versus microplot cultivation
Authors: Zayed Ahmed , Goyal Vinod , Kiran Kiran , Attia Heba , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrassica juncea L. (family Brassicaceae) or Indian mustard is a fast‐growing oilseed crop. Climate changes mean that it is very important to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on B. juncea. The aim of this study was therefore to show the metabolic effect of salinity stress on shoots and roots using two cultivation models – hydroponic and microplot – in different cultivars, including RH‐725 and RH‐761. Salinity levels of 5, 7.5, and 10 dS m⁻¹ were investigated, and compared with a control of 0 dS m⁻¹, using untargeted metabolomics with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) post‐silylation, focusing on metabolic markers such as proline and glycine‐betaine.ResultsA total of 56 metabolites were identified, with the most prevalent classes belonging to sugars (8), followed by organic acids (13), amino acids (11), and fatty acids/esters (11). Shoots were found to have a higher sugar content than roots. Increases in unsaturated fatty acids were also associated with salinity stress, compared with a decrease in saturated fatty acids. Absolute levels of proline and glycine‐betaine correlated with salinity stress, with the largest increases detected in shoots grown under hydroponic conditions, particularly for the RH‐761 cultivar. Multivariate data analyses revealed that roots were more affected than shoots, regardless of cultivation model.ConclusionThese findings might explain the different metabolic behavior of B. juncea's roots and shoots under various levels of salinity, associated with higher levels of free sugars in shoots and lipids in roots. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Producing high‐colloidal‐stability sesame paste: structural role of stone milling‐modified protein
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Du Chenxing , Tang Zijian , Duan Zhangqun , Luo Shuizhong , Zheng Zhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSesame paste faces issues with poor colloidal stability during storage, thereby affecting product quality and consumer experience. This study aimed to modify the proteins in sesame paste through stone milling and investigated the differences in stability produced in this environment, with the goal of addressing this issue.RESULTSAs the number of grinding times increased from one to three, the median diameter of sesame paste significantly decreased from 85 to 74 μm (P < 0.05), and the centrifugal oil separation rate dropped from 9.05% to 6.82%. Rheological measurements indicated an increase in the flow behavior index (n) from 0.51 to 0.61. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results revealed a more uniform co‐distribution of protein and oil when ground thrice. The β‐sheet content of the protein in sesame paste increased from 52.92% to 56.34%, with enhancements in surface hydrophobicity, hydrophobic interactions and emulsification of protein. When the number of grinding times increased to five, the particle size of the sesame paste was further reduced and the β‐sheet content of the protein decreased to 51.00%, while the oil separation rate increased to 7.78%.CONCLUSIONStone milling induces structural modifications in proteins, which in turn alter the internal structure of sesame paste, resulting in varying levels of oil separation at different grinding times. Among them, sesame paste ground thrice showed a 25% reduction in the oil separation rate and experienced minimal oil separation over 120 days, making it suitable for practical production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The proteomic landscape of extracellular vesicles derived from human intervertebral disc cells
Authors: Li Li , Al‐Jallad Hadil , Sun Aiwei , Georgiopoulos Miltiadis , Bokhari Rakan , Ouellet Jean , Jarzem Peter , Cherif Hosni , Haglund Lisbet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) function as biomarkers and are crucial in cell communication and regulation, with therapeutic potential for intervertebral disc (IVD)‐related low back pain (LBP). EV cargo is often affected by tissue health, which may affect the therapeutic potential. There is currently limited knowledge of how the cargo of IVD cell‐derived EVs varies with tissue health and how differences in proteomic profile affect the predicted biological functions.MethodsOur study purified EVs from human IVD cell conditioned media by size‐exclusion chromatography. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was conducted to measure EV size and concentration. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were performed to examine EV structure and markers. Tandem mass tag‐mass spectrometry was conducted to determine protein cargo.ResultsMost EVs were exosomes and intermediate microvesicles with an increasing amount linked to disease progression. Of the proteins detected, 88.6% were shared across the non‐degenerate, mildly‐degenerate, and degenerate samples. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that cargo from the mildly‐degenerate samples was the most distinct, with the proteins in high abundance strongly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and structure. Shared proteins, highly expressed in the non‐degenerate and degenerate samples, showed strong associations with cell adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, and vesicle‐mediated transport, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that EVs from IVD cells from tissue with different degrees of degeneration share a majority of the cargo proteins. However, the level of expression differs with degeneration grade. Cargo from the mildly‐degenerate samples exhibits the most differences. A better understanding of changes in EV cargo in the degenerative process may provide novel information related to molecular mechanisms underlying IVD degeneration and suggest new potential treatment modalities for IVD‐related LBP.
Detection of Nonlinearity in Photonic Lattices
Authors: Jia Pengbo , Li Zhaochen , Xia Shiqiang , Bongiovanni Domenico , Tang Liqin , Qi Wenrong , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Xingdong , Su Keyu , Zhu Zunlue , Hu Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough periodic photonic structures, especially associated with nonlinearity, play a prominent role in optics nowadays, effective detection of their nonlinearity still remains a critical challenge. Here, an approach is proposed to detect the nonlinearity of photonic lattices in a direct way. By properly launching structured beams, namely Airy beams, into the lattices, the nonlinear response function of the discrete system can be directly obtained in the nonlinearly‐shaped beam profiles. To be specific, a single Airy beam is utilized to map self‐defocusing nonlinearity, while self‐focusing nonlinearity, which is hard to visualize in the bulk case, is readily discerned by employing double Airy beams in photonic structures. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally by detecting different types of nonlinearities of photonic lattices fabricated in a nonlinear crystal. These findings introduce a promising route for characterizing the nonlinear response of optical structures, thereby broadening the scope of nonlinear measurement and is expected to be extended into other periodic photonic structures.
Fluorinated Polymeric Multilayers by Off‐Stoichiometric Thiol‐Ene Photopolymerization
Authors: Trusiano Giuseppe , Joly‐Duhamel Christine , Friesen Chadron M. , Bongiovanni Roberta , Vitale Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article reports the synthesis of a novel perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) vinylether monomer and its use as a comonomer in the thiol‐ene photopolymerization of a trifunctional thiol together with a trifunctional vinylether. The crosslinked copolymers are obtained in the form of few mm thick layers and characterized. By changing the thiol/ene ratio, the polymers are optimized to tailor their surface composition and obtain adhesion between two thick layers despite the presence of the fluorinated monomer. The final bilayered structures are adhesive, and appeared chemically resistant, with good dimensional stability: therefore, these fluorinated thiol–ene based copolymers are likely to be of interest for applications based on layer‐by‐layer processes, such as additive manufacturing and microfluidics.
Socioeconomic mobility, metabolic health, and diet: mediation via subjective socioeconomic status
Authors: Bittner Julia M. P. , Gilman Stephen E. , Chen Zhen , Perkins Neil J. , Cheon Bobby K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveSocioeconomic mobility, i.e., changing socioeconomic status (SES) between adolescence and adulthood, may impact health through changing resources, social status, and health‐related behaviors. This analysis examined whether subjective SES contributes to associations of mobility with metabolic health (BMI and metabolic syndrome) and unhealthy diets (fast‐food consumption and sugar‐sweetened beverage [SSB] consumption).MethodsNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data were used (n = 4132). Mobility was defined as the difference between adolescent (collected 1994–1995, ages 11–19 years) and adult (collected 2016–2018, ages 33–43 years) SES. Linear and logistic regressions examined associations of mobility with metabolic and dietary outcomes and mediation by subjective SES.ResultsSubstantial upward mobility was associated with lower risk of high SSB consumption compared with stable disadvantaged SES (risk difference: −0.10 [95% CI: −0.16 to −0.041]). Subjective SES mediated associations of upward, but not downward, mobility with risks of developing metabolic syndrome, high fast‐food consumption, and high SSB consumption; upward mobility was associated with higher subjective SES and lower risks of poor metabolic and dietary outcomes.ConclusionsThe finding that subjective SES contributed to associations between upward mobility and better health may inform development of interventions designed to promote healthier diets and reduce socioeconomic disparities in metabolic health.
In silico and functional analysis identifies key gene networks and novel gene candidates in obesity‐linked human visceral fat
Authors: Wang Lijin , Seshachalam Pratap Veerabrahma , Chua Ruiming , Zhou Hongwen , Lei Sun , Ghosh Sujoy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveVisceral adiposity is associated with increased proinflammatory activity, insulin resistance, diabetes risk, and mortality rate. Numerous individual genes have been associated with obesity, but studies investigating gene regulatory networks in human visceral obesity have been lacking.MethodsWe analyzed gene regulatory networks in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 48 and 11 Chinese patients with and without obesity, respectively, using gene coexpression and gene regulatory network construction from RNA‐sequencing data. We also conducted RNA interference‐based functional tests on selected genes for effects on adipocyte differentiation.ResultsA scale‐free gene coexpression network was constructed from 360 differentially expressed genes between VAT samples from patients with and without obesity (absolute log fold change > 1, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), with edge probability > 0.8. Gene regulatory network analysis identified candidate transcription factors associated with differentially expressed genes. A total of 15 subnetworks (communities) displayed altered connectivity patterns between obesity and nonobesity networks. Genes in proinflammatory pathways showed increased network connectivity in VAT samples with obesity, whereas the oxidative phosphorylation pathway displayed reduced connectivity (enrichment FDR < 0.05). Functional screening via RNA interference identified genes such as SOX30, SIRPB1, and OSBPL3 as potential network‐derived candidates influencing adipocyte differentiation.ConclusionsThis approach highlights the network architecture in human obesity, identifies novel candidate genes, and generates new hypotheses regarding network‐assisted gene regulation in VAT.
Analysis of Adherence to AAO‐HNSF Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Sciscent Bao Y. , Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Eberly Hänel W. , Rothka Andrew J. , Whitaker Mark E. , Goyal Neerav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adherence to the 2019 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNSF) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of sudden hearing loss (SHL) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTriNetX, a de‐identified healthcare database.MethodsEvaluation focused on the percentage of patients undergoing proper guideline‐adherent workup and treatment for SHL. Key measures include audiogram testing within 2 weeks for distinguishing SSNHL from CHL. For SSNHL patients, MRI or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing should be obtained, and steroids and/or hyperbaric oxygen may be offered within 2 weeks.ResultsThere were 24,203 SHL patients, 59.1% (n = 14,309) of whom underwent recommended audiogram testing, with 35.8% (n = 8,674) completing it within 2 weeks. Overall, 3,107 were diagnosed with unilateral SSNHL, 104 with unilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL), 121 with mixed hearing loss, and 10,977 were lost to follow‐up. Among 3,107 SSNHL cases, just 25.5% (n = 791) obtained MRI/ABR within 1 month, and vestibular schwannoma was diagnosed in 3.5% (n = 28). Additionally, steroids were prescribed to 54.5% (n = 1,692), and <0.3% (n ≤ 10) received hyperbaric oxygen. In accordance with strong recommendations against or insufficient evidence to support the following diagnostics and treatments, 2.0% (n = 63) underwent a CT scan, less than 0.3% (n ≤ 10) were prescribed vasodilators or thrombolytics, and 3.5% (n = 108) were on antivirals.ConclusionThere is a significant opportunity for improvement in evaluating patients with SHL, specifically SSNHL. Proper adherence to guidelines may improve screening, detection, and management of neurotologic pathologies, including vestibular schwannoma.