bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of three Ornithogalum L. species
Authors: Renda Gülin , Özel Arzu , Akyüz Turumtay Emine , Barut Burak , Korkmaz Büşra , Çol Ayvaz Melek , Demir Adem 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Aboveground parts and bulbs of Ornithogalum species are consumed as food and used in traditional medicine in worldwide.

Objective
It is aimed to report the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds content of Ornithogalum sigmoideum, Ornithogalum orthophyllum and Ornithogalum oligophyllum for the first time.

Materials and methods
Antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extracts of the aerial parts and the bulbs of the species were determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, superoxide radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating effect, phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. The ethylacetate, diethylether and water subextracts from leaf and flower were analyzed to quantify selected phenolic compounds by HPLC-UV.

Results
Among the six extracts, the methanol extract of the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds (GAE, 11.0 mg/g extract). The aerial parts of O. orthophyllum showed higher DPPH and SOD activities than the other extracts with the SC50 values of 0.39±0.05 mg/mL and 0.44±0.08 mg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant compounds at all the subextracts.

Conclusion
The antioxidant activity is found to be in accordance with the levels of phenolic content in the extracts.
Tetrachloromethane as halogen bond donor toward metal-bound halides
Authors: Zelenkov Lev E. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Avdontceva Margarita S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Bokach Nadezhda A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two annulated triazapentadiene systems, viz. 1,3,5,7,9-pentaazanona-1,3,6,8-tetraenate chloride complexes of PtII, form CCl4 solvates, containing the Cl3C–Cl···Cl–Pt halogen bonds. These halogen bonds are firstly reported type of Cl3C–Cl···Cl–M contacts. In the X-ray structures of two solvates different non-covalent interactions were detected and studied by DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the framework of QTAIM method at the M06/DZP-DKH level of theory. Estimated energies of these supramolecular contacts vary from 0.6 to 2.4 kcal/mol.
Body Composition Assessment in Male and Female Bodybuilders: A 4-Compartment Model Comparison of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Impedance-Based Devices
Authors: Graybeal Austin J. , Moore Michael Lane , Cruz Megan R. , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Graybeal, AJ, Moore, ML, Cruz, MR, and Tinsley, GM. Body composition assessment in male and female bodybuilders: a 4-compartment model comparison of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and impedance-based devices. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1676–1689, 2020—The purpose of this study was to examine the group and individual accuracy of body composition estimates obtained from multicompartment models, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and several impedance-based devices in male and female bodybuilders. Twenty-seven male (n = 17; 4-compartment [4C] model fat-free mass index [FFMI]: 25.1 ± 1.8 kg·m−2; 4C body fat: 11.8 ± 4.4%) and female (n = 10; 4C FFMI: 18.3 ± 1.4 kg·m−2; 4C body fat: 19.7 ± 4.9%) bodybuilders underwent duplicate assessments using DXA, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), electrical impedance myography (EIM), and 3 bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices. In addition to utilizing standard output, multicompartment models were generated. For each method, body fat %, FFM, and fat mass were compared with the reference 4C model for the evaluation of group and individual errors. The 3-compartment model with a BIS body water estimate produced the lowest standard error of the estimate, total error (TE), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for all variables, although some alternative methods had lower constant error (CE). In general, multicompartment models with BIS or multifrequency BIA body water estimates produced more accurate body composition estimates than single assessment techniques (i.e., DXA, BIS, EIM, and BIA). Single assessment techniques produced low CE and TE for some body composition variables. However, proportional bias was observed for DXA and BIS. All single assessment techniques produced LOA large enough to make the utility of these methods questionable in individual athletes. Appropriate caution should be used when interpreting and utilizing body composition estimates in muscular physique athletes, particularly at the individual level.
Influence of Tool Rotational Speed on the Formation of Friction Stir Processing Zone in Cast Zk60/SiCp Magnesium Alloy Surface Composites
Authors: Vigneshkumar M. , Padmanaban G. , Balasubramanian V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A Cast ZK60 magnesium alloy plays a tremendous role in the fabrication of lightweight structural materials. However, the low surface properties, like low friction and wear resistance, restricts the magnesium alloy during the structural application. Conventionally, the surface properties of magnesium alloys were improved using various processing methods like high-energy electron beam irradiation, plasma-transferred arc surfacing, and high-energy laser melt treatment. However, the above processes are involved in melting the magnesium material, which results in defects and detrimental metallurgical phase formation. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) can overcome this problem since the processing is done in the solid state. However, FSP often appears to be a significant applicant on the magnesium plate to attain successful fabrication of surface metal matrix composites. In this investigation, an attempt at FSP zone formation in magnesium alloy has been made in order to understand the inﬂuences of rotational speeds ranging from 700 to 1,100 r/min. From this investigation, it is found that the FSP made by using the high tool rotational speed of 900 r/min and 10 mm/min exhibited higher hardness and uniform particle distribution. This may be attributed to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening.
Differentiating between Models of Perceptual Decision Making Using Pupil Size Inferred Confidence
Authors: Kawaguchi Katsuhisa , Clery Stephane , Pourriahi Paria , Seillier Lenka , Haefner Ralf M. , Nienborg Hendrikje 
Published: August 2018

During perceptual decisions, subjects often rely more strongly on early, rather than late, sensory evidence, even in tasks when both are equally informative about the correct decision. This early psychophysical weighting has been explained by an integration-to-bound decision process, in which the stimulus is ignored after the accumulated evidence reaches a certain bound, or confidence level. Here, we derive predictions about how the average temporal weighting of the evidence depends on a subject's decision confidence in this model. To test these predictions empirically, we devised a method to infer decision confidence from pupil size in 2 male monkeys performing a disparity discrimination task. Our animals' data confirmed the integration-to-bound predictions, with different internal decision bounds and different levels of correlation between pupil size and decision confidence accounting for differences between animals. However, the data were less compatible with two alternative accounts for early psychophysical weighting: attractor dynamics either within the decision area or due to feedback to sensory areas, or a feedforward account due to neuronal response adaptation. This approach also opens the door to using confidence more broadly when studying the neural basis of decision making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn animal's ability to adjust decisions based on its level of confidence, sometimes referred to as “metacognition,” has generated substantial interest in neuroscience. Here, we show how measurements of pupil diameter in macaques can be used to infer their confidence. This technique opens the door to more neurophysiological studies of confidence because it eliminates the need for training on behavioral paradigms to evaluate confidence. We then use this technique to test predictions from competing explanations of why subjects in perceptual decision making often rely more strongly on early evidence: the way in which the strength of this effect should depend on a subject's decision confidence. We find that a bounded decision formation process best explains our empirical data.
Shorter telomeres associated with high doses of glucocorticoids: the link to increased mortality?
Authors: Athanasoulia-Kaspar Anastasia P , Auer Matthias K , Stalla Günter K , Jakovcevski Mira 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivePatients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates. Growth hormone deficiency and high doses of glucocorticoid substitution therapy have been identified as corresponding risk factors. Interestingly, high levels of endogenous cortisol in, e.g., patients with post-traumatic stress disorder or patients with Cushing’s disease have been linked to shorter telomere length. Telomeres are noncoding DNA regions located at the end of chromosomes consisting of repetitive DNA sequences which shorten with aging and hereby determine cell survival. Therefore, telomere length can serve as a predictor for the onset of disease and mortality in some endocrine disorders (e.g., Cushing’s disease).Design/methodsHere, we examine telomere length from blood in patients (n = 115) with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) in a cross-sectional case–control (n = 106, age-, gender-matched) study using qPCR. Linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of telomere length.ResultsWe show that patients with NFPA exhibited shorter telomeres than controls. No significant association of indices of growth hormone deficiency (IGF-1-level-SDS, years of unsubstituted growth hormone deficiency etc.) with telomere length was detected. Interestingly, linear regression analysis showed that hydrocortisone replacement dosage in patients with adrenal insufficiency (n = 52) was a significant predictor for shorter telomere length (β = 0.377;P = 0.018) independent of potential confounders (gender, age, BMI, arterial hypertension, systolic blood pressure, number of antihypertensive drugs, total leukocyte count, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, diabetes mellitus type 2, HbA1c, current statin use). Median split analysis revealed that higher hydrocortisone intake (>20 mg) was associated with significantly shorter telomeres.ConclusionThese observations strengthen the importance of adjusted glucocorticoid treatment in NFPA patients with respect to morbidity and mortality rates.
Here and Gone: Rapid Transfer From the General Care Floor to the PICU
Authors: Mansel Kathryn O. , Chen Sophia W. , Mathews April A. , Gothard M. David , Bigham Michael T. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Children admitted to the general care floor sometimes require acute escalation of care and rapid transfer (RT) to the PICU shortly after admission. In this study, we aim to investigate the characteristics of RTs and the impact RTs have on patient outcomes, including PICU length of stay (LOS), mortality, and emergency transfer defined as critical care interventions occurring within 1 hour on either side of transfer to the PICU.

METHODS:
We conducted a 2-year, single-center, retrospective analysis including all patients admitted to the general care floor of a tertiary children’s hospital that were subsequently transferred to the PICU, with attention to those transferred within 4 hours of admission, meeting criteria as RTs. Patient-level data and outcomes were tracked. Statistical summaries were stratified by RT or non-RT strata and between-strata comparisons were performed. Significant univariate factors were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model and reduced with statistical significance required for final model inclusion.

RESULTS:
Of 450 patients with an unplanned PICU transfer, 105 (23.3%) experienced RTs. Significant factors in the reduced multivariate logistic regression model associated with decreased risk for RT were increased baseline Pediatric Overall Performance Category (P = .046) and PICU origin of admission (P = .012). RT patients had shorter PICU LOSs (2.8 vs 5.5 days, P &lt; .001) compared with non-RT patients despite a higher rate of emergency transfer (15.2% vs 7.5%, P = .018) and no difference in mortality (P = .741).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we demonstrate RTs have an increase in emergency transfer rate but no apparent risk of increased PICU LOS or mortality.
Comparación de distancias interradiculares y grosor del hueso cortical en dos sectores del maxilar inferior para colocación de mini implantes
Authors: Silva Zatarain Aida Nabile , Gutiérrez Rojo Jaime Fabián , Castrejón Sarai 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: la colocación de mini implantes interradiculares, como alternativa para el anclaje de aparatología ortodóntica, varía acorde a la clasificación esquelética del paciente Clase I o II. Es necesario realizar la correcta identificación de la ubicación radicular y grosor cortical como parte del análisis estratégico del área a intervenir. Objetivo: comparar tomográficamente las distancias interradiculares y grosor del hueso cortical en dos sectores del maxilar inferior para colocación de mini implantes. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó 120 tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico, pertenecientes a pacientes Clase I (60) y Clase II (60) esquelética. Se identificó tomográficamente la distancia interradicular, el ancho bucolingual y el grosor del hueso cortical bucal, a partir de la cresta alveolar entre el segundo premolar y primer molar inferior derecho y entre el canino y lateral del mismo lado. Un análisis estadístico con prueba t Student al 95% de confianza comparó la ubicación de las estructuras anatómicas para clase I y II esquelética. Resultados: en la distancia interradicular, comparativamente entre clase I y II, se encontró significancia entre canino y lateral derecho (p=< 0.054) a los 8 mm. En este mismo sector, en el ancho bucolingual, se encontró diferencia significativa a 6mm de altura (p=<.04). En el grosor del hueso cortical no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas al comparar los valores para la Clase I y II. Conclusiones: en Clase I y II, el mayor espesor para la colocación de mini implantes se registró en el espacio interradicular a 8 mm de altura y en el ancho bucolingual a 6 mm.
Identificación y valoración de aspectos e impactos ambientales en la Dirección Nacional de Vialidad, Distrito San Luis, Argentina. Un caso de estudio
Authors: Lijteroff Rubén , Giorda Eliana C. , Dávila Sergio A. 
Published: August 2018

En el presente caso de estudio se identificaron y valoraron aspectos e impactos ambientales de la Dirección Nacional de Vialidad (DNV ), 14º Distrito San Luis (Argentina). Esta organización cuenta con campamentos técnicos donde se realizan tareas de mantenimiento de grandes equipos viales, vehículos livianos, lavaderos, expendio de combustible, etc. La actividad se asocia a la generación de residuos y efluentes peligrosos y se encuentra en un área urbana. Se desglosaron las tareas y se identificaron aspectos e impactos ambientales vinculados a: generación de residuos, consumo de recursos naturales, generación de efluentes, consumo de energía y uso de insumos peligrosos, entre otros. Para cada aspecto se asignó un valor y se calculó el Índice de Prioridad de Riesgo (IPR). El 74% de los aspectos ambientales identificados son ambientalmente significativos. Para poder valorar ambientalmente cada actividad, se realizó un Ranking de Impacto Ambiental (RIA), que resulta de la sumatoria de los IPR de cada una. El 62% de los posibles impactos se asocian a la contaminación del suelo. La metodología empleada permitió identificar las actividades más riesgosas ambientalmente y definir los aspectos ambientales más significativos. De este modo se pudo determinar aquellas áreas que requieren intervención inmediata en el plan de gestión ambiental y aquellas que son secundarias. La metodología planteada es accesible y puede ser empleada en otras dependencias de la DNV del país, o en empresas con actividades similares.
ANALISIS SEMANTIK PADA KATA AHZĀB DAN DERIVASINYA DALAM AL-QURAN
Authors: Ismail Ecep 
Published: August 2018

Dengan melihat kepentingan terhadap pemaknaan Alquran yang tepat dan sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberi wahyu agar Alquran dapat dipahami oleh manusia, dalam hal ini pemaknaan yang tepat terhadap kata Ahzāb dalam Alquran, maka menjadi sangat urgen untuk meneliti secara keseluruhan kata-kata yang berbicara tentang Ahzāb agar memperoleh makna ahzāb secara utuh. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis komponen semantik dan analisis kombinasi semantik ahzāb. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep kata ahzāb dalam Alquran berdasarkan tinjauan semantik. Dalam penelitian ini, kata ahzāb dianalisis berdasarkan teori semantik, baik dari segi kontekstual maupun makna-maknanya dengan menginventarisir derivasinya dalam Alquran. Kata ahzāb dalam Alquran diulang sebanyak 17 kali dalam 13 surat dalam berbagai bentuk gramatikalnya. Kata ahzāb jika dilihat dari penggunaanya dalam Alquran dengan bentuk dan gramatikal yang bervariasi, ini memunculkan makna kata yang berbeda pula, sehingga menyebabkan adanya tendensi makna yang beragam. Diantara makna Ahzāb dan derivasinya dalam Alquran adalah: Ahzāb dengan pengertian golongan yang ekslusif, ahzāb dengan pengertian golongan yang bersekutu, ahzāb dengan pengertian golongan yang berserikat, Ahzāb dengan pengertian sekutu, ahzāb dengan pengertian pengikut agama.
FENOMENA NABI DAN KENABIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN
Authors: Zulaiha Eni 
Published: August 2018

Bahasan kenabian dalam Islam adalah jantung bagi pemahaman ajaran agama Islam lainnya. Wacana tentang kenabian biasanya menjadi pembahasan pada kajian filsafat. Padahal wacana ini juga bisa didekati dengan dengan kajian ayat ayat Alquran dan hadis. Jika filsafat kenabian membahas masalah ini dengan sangat kritis dari sisi epistemologisnya, maka dalam Alquran pembahasan tentang kenabian lebih pada persoalan istilah yang digunakan juga misi kenabian yang dibawa oleh masing-masing nabi dan rasul tersebut. Kenabian dalam Alquran menggunakan istilah nabi dan Rasul. Istilah Nabi berkaitan dengan kata naba’ yang maknanya berita, kabar, warta atau cerita. Sedangkan Rasul, secara harfiah berarti pesuruh atau diutus. Kata jamaknya adalah rusul. Alquran sering pula menyebut para rasul itu dengan istilah al-mursalin, yaitu mereka yang diutus.perdebatan para ulama ada pada seputar pembahasan nabi dan rasul, jumlah mereka dan persamaan atau keunggulan para nabi
Reformulasi Wacana Keadilan Sahabat
Authors: Adnan Adnan 
Published: August 2018

One of hadith discourse is the doctrine of claim that the companions of the Prophet are the group is considered to know the group's most religious doctrines in the original form. The companions also transmit all riwayah to the next generation. A transmission path can only be accepted if they have the criteria of justice. The problem is, will this criterion of justice was applied to the companions of the Prophet?.This article will to review and discuss back discourse companions justice ('al-Sahabah) is. Rational arguments and historical completing this study to re-open nature of this issue and look at its implications for the study of modern traditions.
Pemikiran Tasawuf Ortodoks di Asia Tenggara (Telaah Atas Kontribusi al-Ranirî, al-Singkilî, dan al-Makasarî)
Authors: Masrur Ali 
Published: August 2018

Sufisme, sebagai salah satu bagian dari khazanah Islam, dapat dikelompokkan kedalam dua varian. Pertama, sufisme yang bercorak ortodoks dan sufisme yang bercorak heterodoks. Jika yang pertama, lebih menekankan pada sikap moderat dan mengupayakan adanya keselarasan antara pengalaman mistik dengan aturan-aturan syariat, maka yang kedua, lebih menitikberatkan pada pengalaman fana daripada ajaran syariat. Dua model pemikiran sufisme ini, sangat mempengaruhi pemikiran dan gerakan sufisme di Nusantara pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17. Sufisme heterodoks mewujudkan dirinya dalam pandangan-pandangan Hamzah Fansuri (w. sebelum 1607) dan Syamsuddîn al-Sumatranî (w. 1630), sementara sufisme ortodoks terdapat dalam pikiran-pikiran Nuruddîn al-Ranirî (w. 1658), Abdurrauf alSingkilî (1615-1693), dan Syeikh Yusûf al-Makasarî(1627-1699). Karena dua aliran ini berangkat dari pemahaman dan metode yang berbeda, pengaruhnya pada gerakan sufisme Nusantara telah memuncul-kan persoalan baru dan konflik yang tak berkesudahan. Seperti terlihat pada tulisan di bawah ini, penulis hanya menelisik tentang corak sufisme ortodoks dengan mengupas pemikiran tokoh-tokoh sufi nusantara, yaitu al-Ranirî, al-Singkilî, dan alMakasarî
LANDASAN QUR’ANI TENTANG ZIKIR DALAM AJARAN TAREKAT
Authors: Ismail Ecep 
Published: August 2018

Inti ajaran yang dikembangkan dalam tarekat selalu berlandaskan Alquran meskipun harus melalui proses penafsiran yang dipaksakan seperti dalam ajaran zikir. Ada tiga jenis orang yang berzikir, yaitu: Orang yang berzikir kepada Allah dengan lisannya sedang hatinya lalai; Orang yang lain berzikir kepada-Nya dengan lisan disertai dengan hadirnya hati;dan yang ketiga adalah orang yang berzikir kepada Allah dengan hatinya sedangkan lisannya tidak mengucapkan apa pun. Diantara ayat al-Qur ’an yang dijadikan landasan zikir dalam ajaran tarekat adalah: QS 33:4142, QS. 3:191, QS.29:45, QS 2:152, QS 59:19, QS 43: 36, dan QS 58:19.
ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF CRUDE AND FRACTIONATED SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata) MEAT EXTRACT
Authors: Budiari Setyani , Chasanah Ekowati , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja , Palupi Nurheni Sri 
Published: August 2018

The existence of endogenous bioactive protein or peptide with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in snakehead meat is promising to be investigated. The purposes of this research were to extract ACE inhibitory endogenous bioactive protein or peptide from snakehead meat and to fractionate the active compounds using ultrafiltration. The extraction in this research employs two kinds of solvents, e.i aquadest and 50% ethanol. Then, the extract is fractionated with the ultrafiltration using the 10,000; 5,000 and 3,000 MWCO membranes to separate the protein or peptide of with the sizes of >10 kDa, 5 – 10 kDa, 3 – 5 kDa and <3 kDa. The parameters being observed from the crude extracts and its fractions included the protein and peptide content, the ACE inhibitory activity (in vitro), and the protein and peptide profiles determined by using the SDS PAGE. The result of this research revealed that the snakehead meat contained ACE inhibitory endogenous bioactive protein or peptide. The 50% ethanol was more effective in extracting peptide sized <10 kDa than the aquadest. Yet, the aquadest was better in extracting higher molecular weight protein of >10 kDa than the 50% ethanol was. The bioactivity of 50% ethanol extraction was higher than the aquadest extraction. The highest bioactivity of 95.18% was gained from the fraction 5 – 10 kDa of 50% ethanol extract