bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of Innovation Development: Measurement Indicators and their Interaction (a Case Study of Kazakhstan)
Authors: BISHIMBAYEVA Saule Kozykeyevna , NURASHEVA Kulyanda Kulbosynovna , NURMUKHANBETOVA Aigul Adilzhanovna 
Published: September 2018

The goal of the study is to demonstrate that the Triple Helix model neither sufficiently reflects the process of innovation development nor justifies the fourth helix, the indicators of which describe the real situation in the social and economic area of the country and are an important element of the innovation ecosystem. The study uses empirical methods: observation, measurement, description of facts; logical inferences; sampling of the required information, its grouping; system and statistical analysis; and comparison of the indicators under study. The analysis of the existing models of innovation development and their applicability in Kazakhstan practice has been carried out. Considering the Triple Helix concept of innovation development, a proposal is made to introduce a fourth player – the civil society, which ensures the influence and voice of the people and serves as a channel of communication with the authorities. The solution of the innovation problem presented in the article is of interest to the post-Soviet countries and emerging economies, where social issues and the welfare of citizens have not received sufficient attention, but the components of the Triple Helix (government, universities and business) do not work without their solution. The distinction of the study lies in the development of a model of the fourth helix of innovation development, which reflects the state of the civil society and socioeconomic processes in the country.
Cross-sectional correlates of nesfatin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes
Authors: Al-Qudah Safa’a Ali , Kasabri Violet , Saleh Mohammad Issa , Suyagh Maysa , AlAlawi Sundos , Yasin Nada 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (preDM) have crosslinked pathophysiologies with central obesity and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to compare and correlate nesfatin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) plasma levels, adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices between non-diabetic MetS, newly diagnosed drug naive pre-diabetic MetS patients vs. normoglycemic lean controls.

Materials and methods
In a cross-sectional study, 29 apparently healthy controls, 29 non-diabetic MetS subjects and 30 preDM-MetS patients were recruited.

Results
The LBP level (ng/mL) was substantially higher in both MetS (non- and pre-diabetic) groups compared to healthy controls. In contrast, circulating level of nesfatin (pg/mL) was lower, though not significantly; in both pre-diabetic and non-diabetic MetS patients compared to lean normoglycemic controls. No correlation was found between nesfatin and LBP in MetS pool (n = 59). Remarkably unlike blood indices; adiposity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height (WHtR) ratio, hip circumference (HC), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) but not conicity index (CI)], atherogenicity indices [(atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP = Log10(TG/HDL-C ratio)), low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] were substantially higher in both MetS (non- and pre-diabetic) groups vs. those of controls. Exceptionally pronounced and proportional nesfatin-DBP and LBP-BAI correlations were identified in total MetS pool (both non-diabetic and pre-diabetic).

Conclusions
Nesfatin and LBP can be potential targets and surrogate biomarkers to use as putative prognostic/predictive tools for the prevention and treatment for MetS and related disorders.
High incidence of concussion, but low knowledge levels among young adults
Authors: Chow Ronald , Hollenberg Drew , Ng Wesley , Pinto Dixon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cerebral concussion is a brain injury, that involves a complex pathophysiological process that affects the brain as a result of biomechanical forces. With the increasing prevalence, it is important that the public is knowledgeable about concussion and its symptoms, so that they can bring attention to individuals with concussion symptoms soon after onset, for appropriate care. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledgeability of young adults. Secondary aims were to compare the knowledgeability of young adults of different age, of different countries of residence, of different sex, and of different perceived knowledge about concussions. An online survey was circulated to young adults in Canada, the US and the UK. The survey consisted of three components – a consent form, respondent demographics and eight questions to assess each respondent’s knowledgeability of concussions. The knowledgeability of each respondent was determined by the summation of the number of correct responses to the knowledge questions. A total of 307 respondents consented and completed the survey in its entirety. The mean knowledge score was 4.25 out of 8. None of the cohort analyses based on demographics – 19 years old and under vs. 20 years and older; North Americans vs. non-North Americans; females vs. males – suggested that one group was more knowledgeable than the other group. These results suggest that educational programs can be developed to increase awareness of concussions. As each cohort seems to have similar starting knowledge levels, it seems appropriate to develop a uniform program to first try to increase knowledgeability, and then produce specialised programs to raise knowledge of certain cohorts. However, prior to the establishment of programs, further studies should be conducted to verify the results disclosed herein.
What does social media have to do with health? A case study of Bangkok youths
Authors: Thianthai Chulanee 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
This qualitative research aims to understand how Bangkok youths perceive social media usage effects on their physical, psychological, social and spiritual health.

Methods
A total of 74 Bangkok youths, aged 15–24 years old, divided according to each age and gender group participated in in-depth interviews and mobile phone search observations. Health impact was categorized into the four health aspects through content analysis according to sociological perspectives.

Results
Bangkok youths view social media to have both positive and negative effects on their health. Increased awareness of negative results was shown with increased age. While younger youths use social media for entertainment, older youths also use social media for self-development. Interests and degree of sensitivity varied among the genders.

Conclusion
Effective health education can only be achieved through future youth-centered research on social media usage based on age, gender and cultural variations.
Leadership, Law and Development
Authors: Baxter Jamie 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article critically examines the role of political leadership in shaping and sustaining institutional reforms. While leadership has recently attracted a great deal of attention from other social scientists, law and development scholars have only begun to seriously consider the influence of leaders on institutions and development outcomes. The article explores the new mantra that “leadership matters” as cause for both careful optimism and renewed attention to some deeper anxieties about the future directions of law and development. On one side, emerging models of leadership provide important insights about how to change dysfunctional institutions and how to sustain those changes over the long run. A number of major studies published in the last few years have made some version of the claim that successful reforms inevitably require the dedicated leadership of one or more prominent individuals, positing good leaders as a necessary condition for institutional transitions. But the argument that good leadership itself determines good institutions also risks reproducing one of the most obstinate dilemmas in modern social theory: the contest between “structure” and “agency” as causal explanations of social change. If the new mantra that “leadership matters” represents a shift in focus away from the structure of law and politics and towards the influence of individual agents’ choices, actions, talents and beliefs, there is good reason to be sceptical about whether simply privileging agency over structure—or the inverse—has any greater chance of success than the many failed attempts to do just that in other fields of knowledge over the past several decades. Instead, the present moment could be a valuable opportunity to assess whether alternative and more integrative approaches to the longstanding structure-agency impasse in development law and policy are possible.
Meister Eckharts Abendmahlsverständnis
Authors: Kern Udo 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Eckharts Abendmahlverständnis ist prägendes Summarium seines philosophisch-theologischen Denkens. Autor des Abendmahles ist der ganze Christus, auch der leidende. Das Sakrament signalisiert die Einheit der Kirche. Durch das Sakrament wird Leben zugeteilt. Im Sakrament wird Christus in affectu und in intellectu begriffen.
Mehr als nur reden
Authors: Thiel Christian , Götz Susanne 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Erhebungsinstrument Familieninterview methodisch und methodologisch. Zu diesem Zweck werden Forschungserfahrungen einer getätigten Studie dargestellt, die anhand von empirischem Material auf Möglichkeiten, Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen aufmerksam machen und diese zugleich reflektieren. Thematisiert werden hier u.a. das gemeinsame Sprechen der Familie, ihre Interaktionen mit den InterviewerInnen, ihre im Interview geleistete narrative Identitätsarbeit sowie nonverbale Aspekte der Interviewsituation. Dabei kristallisiert sich heraus, dass Familieninterviews eine ganz spezielle Form von Gruppeninterviews darstellen, die bei Erhebung und Auswertung ein familiensoziologisches Grundverständnis der Besonderheiten und Komplexitäten des familialen Beziehungs- und Interaktionsgefüges erforderlich machen.
Allein oder gemeinsam?
Authors: Weißmann Marliese 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag nimmt zwei methodische Zugänge in den Blick, die in der Forschung mit ALG-II-Beziehenden zum Einsatz kommen, aber bislang kaum verglichen wurden: das biographisch-narrative Interview und die Gruppendiskussion. Es handelt sich je um mündliche Interviewformen, jedoch unterscheiden sie sich hinsichtlich des Settings, möglicher Fragestellungen und Auswertungsperspektiven. Die Analyse empirischer Daten insbesondere von Personen, zu denen aus beiden Interviewformen Daten vorliegen, verdeutlicht, dass sich in den Gruppendiskussionen vor allem ausschlussbasierte Vergemeinschaftungsprozesse erfassen lassen; die Gruppe konstituiert sich stark über negative Abgrenzungen. Im biographisch-narrativen Interview hingegen zeigen sich eher Versuche, Autonomie zu behaupten oder sich als einzelne Person zu besondern. Zudem können Handlungsorientierungen im zeitlichen Verlauf und ihrer biographischen Einbettung sowie Begründung untersucht werden.
„Connecting with the Disconnected“
Authors: Fuchs Philipp , Gellermann Jan F. C. , Kutzner Stefan 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Weil Menschen in prekären Lebenslagen wie insgesamt Angehörige randständiger Milieus für die Forschung nicht ohne Weiteres erreichbar sind, sind in diesem Bereich explorative Vorgehensweisen angezeigt, so dass hier vor allem qualitative Forschungsmethoden zur Anwendung kommen. Unabhängig von den Forschungsmethoden stellen sich im Kontakt mit Angehörigen dieser Personenkreise besondere Herausforderungen: Das betrifft die Feldzugänge, das Kontaktmanagement, die Interviewpraxis aber auch das Verhältnis der Forschenden zu ihren jeweiligen Interviewpartnern. Auch wenn immer wieder auf die hohe Bedeutung des Feldzugangs wie des Verhältnisses zu den Interviewpartnern hingewiesen wird, findet sich in der bestehenden Handbuchliteratur dazu relativ wenig. Damit korrespondiert, dass diese Probleme immer spezifisch und nicht durch Rückgriff auf standardisierte Verfahren angegangen werden müssen. Auf der Basis einer qualitativen Längsschnittuntersuchung zu sogenannten „entkoppelten Jugendlichen“ wird im Aufsatz dargestellt, wie diese Herausforderungen in den Phasen der Felderschließung und der Materialerhebung bewältigt wurden.
Optimization Based on Orthogonal Experiment Design and Numerical Simulation for Carburizing Quenching Process of Helical Gear
Authors: Miao Shan , Ju Dong-Ying , Chen Yong , Liu Yi-qi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Predictions of distortion and hardness after heat treatment by numerical simulation are very useful for determining the optimum condition and for controlling the distortion of machinery parts. In this article, the combination method of orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation is used to optimize the standard heat treatment condition by reducing the distortion after carburizing quenching. A helical gear made of carburizing steel 20MnCrS5 is simulated using three-dimensional coupled analysis that is based on thermo-mechanical theory. The good agreement between the experiment and simulation is verified by the comparison between the experimental data and the simulated data. Firstly, the influencing factors of distortion after carburizing quenching are investigated and discussed. Four influence factors of heat treatment are selected as follows: carburizing time, the cooling time before 860°C, the holding time at 860°C, and the gear orientation during quenching. Next, selection of the optimal case is then determined by comparing the distortions. Finally, a new optimization method of minimum distortion after carburizing quenching is provided.
Las empresas multinacionales y la ley de prácticas corruptas extranjeras
Authors: Jones, J.D Marcus D , Haile Semere 
Published: September 2018

Multinational Corporations (MNC) play a major role in the world economy and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has had a major impact on how MNC conducts business. The passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) by the U.S. government in 1977 was a watershed event in the fight against corruption in the postwar era (Cragg 2002). In the wake of the Watergate investigations, which revealed extensive bribery of foreign officials by American corporations, there was a maelstrom of moral outrage (Brown, 1998). The same sort of moral outrage that was heard in the wake of ENRON and more recently in the Halliburton investigation involving Nigerian contracts. The U.S. government is bringing an increasing number of cases under the banner of the (FCPA), which is intended to curtail bribery committed by both U.S. and foreign corporations. The increase is especially worrisome for companies looking to make international acquisitions, as they face the burden of being saddled with any liabilities under FCPA committed by the company they are buying. It should also concern foreign companies in general, as the U.S. government has shown a willingness to investigate and bring actions against corporations whose presence in the U.S. is limited only to some representation in the capital markets-for instance, a local stock market listing in the form of an American depositary receipt (Friedlander, 2005). The FCPA is just one example of how the U.S. government has sought to regulate the conduct of American MNCs in foreign countries (Borg, 2003). U.S. firms seeking to do business in foreign markets must be familiar with the FCPA. This paper will review the history and parts of the FCPA, its effectiveness, and its current and future impact on American Multinational Corporations.
Ni al tigre ni al cuero
Authors: Medina Monterrosa Prudencia , Carvajalino  Slaghekke Alberto 
Published: September 2018

The goal of the present paper is to assess the usage of the support systems when decisions are made in the Operational, Administrative and Financial area at Makro and Tenaris Tubo Caribe enterprises in Cartagena, Colombia, and how these systems contribute with the improvement of different processes during the making of decisions in certainty, uncertainty and risk environments.The implemented methodology is the descriptive analysis during the observations and documentation of the results in the functioning of the support system when decisions are made in each one of the areas of the company. Assessing at the same time, if the applications of the different Softwares that are used respondto an unstructured, semi-structured and structured decision according to the hierarchical level where they belong plus the type of decision that they solve, showing the advances that the use of the TICS has allowed We concluded that the use of the support tools when decisions are made, SSD and SAD in the operative, administrative and financial area at Makro and Tenaris Tubo Caribe, are mainly used in the management areas; most of the situations that are solved with the support that they offer, are for structured and semistructured decisions, that is, the required system is for support of decisions, not for help; there are very fewcases where they appear in an unstructured strategic level.
Characterization of an acidic α-galactosidase from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs)
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Du Fang , Tian Guoting , Zhao Yongchang , Wang Hexiang , Ng Tzibun 
Published: September 2018

By means of chromatographic procedures which involved chromatography on the cation-exchangers CM-cellulose and SP-Sepharose, chromatography on the anion-exchangers DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Superdex 75 by fast protein liquid chromatography, an acidic α-galactosidase designated as hemp seed α-galactosidase (HSG) was purified from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds. Results of SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on FPLC Superdex 75 disclosed that the enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 38 kDa. Sequences of the inner peptides of the α-galactosidase obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS showed that HSG was a novel α-galactosidase since there was little similarity to the majority of α-galactosidases recorded in the literature. A pH of 3.0 and a temperature of 50 ℃ were optimal for the activity of the enzyme. The activity of HSG was inhibited by the chemical modification reagent N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). HSG contained 16 tryptophan residues and two tryptophan residues on the surface, which are crucial to the α-galactosidase activity. The heavy metal ions Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ ions inhibited its activity. The Km and Vmax for hydrolysis of pNPGal (4-nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside) were respectively 0.008 mM and 68 μM min-1 mg-1. HSG also catalyzed hydrolysis of raffinose and other natural substrates. Hence the α-galactosidase possesses tremendous potential in food and feed industries for elimination of indigestible oligosaccharides from leguminous products.
DEMAND VS SUPPLY PROGRAM KESEHATAN REMAJA DI PUSKESMAS TANAH KALIKEDINDING SURABAYA
Authors: Sarweni Kinanty Putri , Hargono Rachmat 
Published: September 2018

Adolescence is a period of transition from children to adulthood. In thetransitional period, adolescents often face very complex and difficult issues totackle on their own. Since 2003, Ministry of Health (Kementerian Kesehatan) has developed a model of health services that is competing with Health Care service for Youth (PKPR). Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding has promotive and preventive activities especially related to adolescents. PKPR is certainly basedon every need and demand of teenage cadres around Tanah Kalikedinding area.The purpose of this study is to identify the needs and expectations of adolescentcadres on youth health programs. This research past descriptive research usingqualitative approach. The research subjects consist of peer educator of Rumah Remaja, one of innovative program of Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding which referto adolescent reproductive health, Adolescent Posyandu cadres, adolescentcadres in Al-Fitroh Pesantren and UKS cadres at SMAN 19 Surabaya. The number of informants used in this study are 6 persons. Data collection was obtained directly from the study sites using in-depth interview techniques and focus groupdiscussions (FGDs) conducted by researchers with related adolescent peer. The results showed that adolescents need activities that always provide innovation, activities are not only curative but more on activities that are promotive and preventive such as counseling teenage health, education,and socialization.Keyword: adolescent, program, health, need, expectation
Methods for Spatial Prediction of Crop Yield Potential
Authors: Cedrez Camila Bonilla , Hijmans Robert J. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
We compared five methods for applying crop models to predict yield potential.
A global weather database was divided into training and test sites.
Metamodels and weather generation approaches performed best.
Nearest neighbor interpolation can be replaced by superior and computationally efficient methods.
Opportunities for and constraints to crop production can be assessed with crop growth simulation models. Most crop simulation models require daily weather data as input but such data are generally not available at a high spatial resolution. Several approaches have been developed to estimate yield potential (Yp) at locations without daily weather data (weather stations) but these have not been compared. We used two crop simulation models (WOFOST and LINTUL) to compute Yp for two crops for the entire world. A global weather database was divided into 856 training and 12,808 testing sites. We predicted Yp at the testing sites by using five main methods (eight methods if one considers within‐method variants): (i) weather interpolation followed by simulation; (ii) nearest neighbor interpolation; (iii) thin plate spline interpolation, either with or without covariates; (iv) Random Forest‐based metamodels with either climatic or bioclimatic variables; and (v) weather generation from either climate data or interpolated climate data, followed by simulation. The metamodel with bioclimatic variables performed best [average root mean square error (RMSE) = 667 ± 111 kg ha−1], followed by weather generation from climate data, weather interpolation, and spatial interpolation of yield with climatic covariables. The most commonly used method, nearest neighbor interpolation, performed worst (RMSE = 1763 ± 472 kg ha−1). The optimal method for a particular study will depend on the simulation model, the region, weather station density, and other variables but these results suggest that for estimating Yp, alternatives to nearest neighbor interpolation should be considered.