bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitarget transcranial direct current stimulation for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dagan Moria , Herman Talia , Harrison Rachel , Zhou Junhong , Giladi Nir , Ruffini Giulio , Manor Brad , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Recent findings suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex may ameliorate freezing of gait. However, the effects of multitarget simultaneous stimulation of motor and cognitive networks are mostly unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of multitarget transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on freezing of gait and related outcomes.Methods: Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait received 20 minutes of transcranial direct current stimulation on 3 separate visits. Transcranial direct current stimulation targeted the primary motor cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex simultaneously, primary motor cortex only, or sham stimulation (order randomized and double‐blinded assessments). Participants completed a freezing of gait‐provoking test, the Timed Up and Go, and the Stroop test before and after each transcranial direct current stimulation session.Results: Performance on the freezing of gait‐provoking test (P = 0.010), Timed Up and Go (P = 0.006), and the Stroop test (P = 0.016) improved after simultaneous stimulation of the primary motor cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, but not after primary motor cortex only or sham stimulation.Conclusions: Transcranial direct current stimulation designed to simultaneously target motor and cognitive regions apparently induces immediate aftereffects in the brain that translate into reduced freezing of gait and improvements in executive function and mobility. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Childhood pneumothorax in Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome: A cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Geilswijk Marianne , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Madsen Mia Gebauer , Sommerlund Mette , Skytte Anne‐Bine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundBirt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndrome associated with an increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) and renal cell carcinoma in the adult population. Recent studies suggest that BHD accounts for up to 10% of all SP in adults and BHD in children with SP have been reported.MethodsTo explore to what extent BHD is the cause of childhood pneumothorax, we studied a Danish BHD cohort consisting of 109 cases from 22 families. Clinical data was gathered by review of medical records. A systematic literature search concerning childhood and adolescence pneumothorax in BHD was performed and identified publications reviewed.ResultsIn our cohort, three of 109 BHD cases experienced childhood pneumothorax, corresponding to a prevalence of 3%. Reviewing the literature, data regarding more than 800 BHD cases were covered. Only seven previously published cases of childhood pneumothorax in BHD were identified.ConclusionOur findings suggest that BHD is likely the cause of a larger subset of childhood pneumothoraces than hitherto recognized. Awareness of BHD as a cause of childhood pneumothorax needs to be raised to provide patients and relatives with the possibility of specialized management of SP and regular renal cancer surveillance.
Evaluation of Snail Consumption by Black Buffalo
Authors: Guy Emmet L , Allen Peter J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Bolbophorous damnificus is a digenetic trematode that causes economic loss for commercial catfish producers by decreasing adult growth rates and increasing mortality in juvenile catfish Ictalurus spp. Efforts to control B. damnificus mainly center around control of an intermediate host, the Ram's Horn Snail Planorbella trivolvis. Black Buffalo Ictiobus niger is a catostomid fish species documented to consume mollusks and, therefore, is a potential control option; however, gastropod consumption by this species has not been documented. Thus, experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate Ram's Horn Snail consumption by Black Buffalo at juvenile and adult life stages and (2) determine whether juvenile Black Buffalo are able to consume sizes of snails typically found in catfish ponds. Nine wild-caught adult Black Buffalo and 56 captively reared juveniles (age 1) were used in this study. No snails were consumed in adult or juvenile experiments, thus suggesting Black Buffalo do not have the capacity to reduce incidence of B. damnificus through direct consumption of Ram's Horn Snails.
Long‐Term Use of Mixed‐Oil Lipid Emulsion in Adult Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , McMahon Megan T. , Carnell Jennifer J. , Hurt Ryan T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite providing significant benefits, home parenteral nutrition (HPN) can be associated with complications such as infections, intestinal failure–associated liver disease, and metabolic abnormalities. Soybean oil (SO)–based intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has been noted to contribute to some of these complications, leading to the development of alternative sources of ILE. Mixed‐oil (MO) ILE has recently been approved for use in adults with short‐term studies revealing a benefit over SO ILE. Currently there is a paucity of data regarding long‐term use in the HPN population.MethodsThe current study reports our experience with MO ILE in 9 HPN patients.ResultsA total of 9 patients (3 women and 6 men) with average age of 48.1 ± 15.1 years and a median HPN use of 9.9 years (9.0 months–30.7 years) were transitioned from SO ILE to MO ILE as a result of intolerance. The 9 patients tolerated MO ILE well for 140.7 ± 29.7 days. The percentage of calories provided through ILE increased from 7.6 ± 6.5% to 18.4 ± 8.2% (P = .003), whereas the dextrose decreased from 66.9 ± 8.4% to 56.9 ± 5.5% (P = .0007). Although statistical significance was not reached, there was a trend toward improvement in alkaline phosphatase from 138.0 (52–884) to 106 (47–512; P = .09).ConclusionMO ILE was well tolerated in this small cohort and led to improvement in the macronutrient composition of HPN while providing a trend toward improvement in liver studies. These results are promising; however, additional randomized control trials are needed to delineate the true benefit.
Switching optimal adaptive trajectory tracking control of quantum systems
Authors: Sahebi Zeinab , Yarahmadi Majid 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a switching optimal adaptive controller for tracking a time‐dependent trajectory in finite‐dimensional closed quantum systems is proposed. The issue of intrinsic singularities in trajectory tracking control of quantum systems leads to a sharp rise in the control amplitude. To overcome this drawback, a switching optimal adaptive quantum controller is designed based on Lyapunov stability theory and optimal quantum control approach. A state‐dependent strategy is considered to select the switching signal. The new switching controller adjusts the quantum state so that its population traces the desired dynamic trajectory and simultaneously eliminates the effects of singularities and reduces the control amplitude. The proposed controller is tested successfully for population transfer in a 4‐level closed quantum system in a simulation experiment. Both issues of reduction of the tracking error and control intensity along with a significant decrease in the number of singular points are well illustrated by simulation experiment as the advantages of the proposed method.
Hybrid transdermal drug delivery patch made from poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)/natural rubber latex and controlled by an electric field
Authors: Niamlang Sumonman , Paradee Nophawan , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA flexible, natural rubber (NR) patch was developed for electrically controllable transdermal drug delivery. NR latex was crosslinked at various crosslinking ratios under the UV curing method. Ibuprofen (Ibu) was the model drug and was used as the dopant for poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) acting as the drug encapsulating host. For the pristine Ibu‐loaded NR patch, the amount of Ibu permeation increased with decreasing crosslink density and increasing electrical potential. For the Ibu‐doped PPV/NR patch, the amount of Ibu release−permeation also increased with increasing electrical potential and was higher than that of the pristine NR matrices. Without an applied electric field, the drug remained attached to the PPV during an initial period of 6 h. Under an applied electric field, the oxidation state of the conductive polymer was altered, the iontophoretic effect, pore formation in the NR matrix, expansion of the pore size in hair follicles and PPV chain expansion combined to increase the Ibu release−permeation amount. Thus, the flexible PPV/NR transdermal drug delivery patch was demonstrated to be effective in drug release−permeation based on the strength of the electrical potential, the crosslinking density and the presence of PPV as the encapsulation host. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Pressure‐dependent Elastic Coefficients of β‐HMX from Molecular Simulations
Authors: Mathew Nithin , Sewell Tommy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe second‐order elastic stiffness tensor and isotropic moduli of β‐octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (β‐HMX, P21/n space group setting) on the 0 K isotherm are presented for hydrostatic pressures between 10−4 GPa and 30 GPa. The results were obtained from molecular statics simulations using a validated all‐atom flexible‐molecule force field. Comparisons to previous experimental and computational determinations are provided.
Counting dense connected hypergraphs via the probabilistic method
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Riordan Oliver 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn 1990 Bender, Canfield, and McKay gave an asymptotic formula for the number of connected graphs on with m edges, whenever and . We give an asymptotic formula for the number of connected r‐uniform hypergraphs on with m edges, whenever is fixed and with , that is, the average degree tends to infinity. This complements recent results of Behrisch, Coja‐Oghlan, and Kang (the case ) and the present authors (the case , ie, “nullity” or “excess” o(n)). The proof is based on probabilistic methods, and in particular on a bivariate local limit theorem for the number of vertices and edges in the largest component of a certain random hypergraph. The arguments are much simpler than in the sparse case; in particular, we can use “smoothing” techniques to directly prove the local limit theorem, without needing to first prove a central limit theorem.
An Efficient and Environmentally Benign Protocol for the 1,6‐Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes to 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles in WERSA
Authors: Kumar Nandigama Satish , Bheeram Vema Reddy , Mukkamala Saratchandra Babu , Rao L. Chandrasekhara , Vasantha R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein, we describe a mild and convenient protocol for Michael addition of nitroalkanes to 3‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles using neat “water extract of rice straw ash (WERSA)” as a catalyst and medium at room temperature. Method developed is simple to operate and yields range from good to excellent. This eco‐friendly protocol also successfully used for the synthesis of pharmaceutical interest, such as γ‐nitrobutyricacid an intermediate for the preparation of Baclofen.
Lupeol alters ER stress‐signaling pathway by downregulating ABCG2 expression to induce Oxaliplatin‐resistant LoVo colorectal cancer cell apoptosis
Authors: Chen Ming‐Cheng , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Chu Yuan‐Yuan , Cheng Sue‐Fei , Shen Chia‐Yao , Lin Yi‐Jiun , Chen Ray‐Jade , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Lin Yueh‐Min , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer‐related death. There are several first‐line chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an alkylating cytotoxic agent that is usually combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat stage II and stage III CRC. However, cancer cells commonly acquire multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a major obstruction to cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that natural components from traditional Chinese medicine or foods that have many biological functions may be new adjuvant therapies in clinical trials. We challenged LoVo CRC cell lines with OXA in a dose‐dependent manner to create an OXA‐resistant model. The expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher, and levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were lower than those Parental cells. However, Lupeol, which is found in fruits and vegetables, has been shown to have bioactive properties, including anti‐tumor properties that are relevant to many diseases. In our study, Lupeol downregulated cell viability and activated cell apoptosis. Moreover, Lupeol decreased the expression of ABCG2 and activated ER stress to induce OXA‐resistant cell death. Importantly, the anti‐tumor effect of Lupeol in OXA‐resistant cells was higher than that of LoVo Parental cells. In addition, we also confirmed our results with a xenograft animal model, and the tumor size significantly decreased after Lupeol injections. Our findings show that Lupeol served as a strong chemoresistant sensitizer and could be a new adjuvant therapy method for chemoresistant patients.
Revisiting the earliest signatures of amyloidogenesis: Roadmaps emerging from computational modeling and experiment
Authors: Bhattacharya Shayon , Xu Liang , Thompson Damien 
Published: February 2018

Neurodegenerative amyloidogenesis begins with the aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which is the first step in a cascade of assembly events that can lead to insoluble fibrous deposits in brain tissue. IDP conformations that promote formation of toxic oligomers remain poorly understood, and are the most fundamental target of putative treatments for neurodegenerative disease. Rapid advances in theory, simulation and experimental methods, hold the promise of reversing protein aggregation by identifying and developing inhibitors of the transient amyloidogenic IDP conformations. To make meaningful progress it is important to appreciate the benefits and limitations of the latest developments in computational methods of conformational and ensemble modeling, and their integration and validation with experiments. Integrated studies are beginning to provide significant conceptual and mechanistic insights, including identification of the properties of amyloidogenic IDPs in their free, unbound form. At the same time, contradicting viewpoints have emerged concerning convergence of IDP ensemble signatures and properties from parallel studies, and there also remains a pressing need to develop physical models that can deliver reliable predictions across different IDP families. Focussing on the four most common amyloidogenic IDPs of Amyloid β, Tau, α‐synuclein and Prions, improvements are proposed for next‐generation models and experiments that can potentially identify drug treatments for neurodegenerative disease via incorporation of the extended cellular environment.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
A dynamic‐adversarial mining approach to the security of machine learning
Authors: Sethi Tegjyot Singh , Kantardzic Mehmed , Lyu Lingyu , Chen Jiashun 
Published: February 2018

Operating in a dynamic real‐world environment requires a forward thinking and adversarial aware design for classifiers beyond fitting the model to the training data. In such scenarios, it is necessary to make classifiers such that they are: (a) harder to evade, (b) easier to detect changes in the data distribution over time, and (c) be able to retrain and recover from model degradation. While most works in the security of machine learning have concentrated on the evasion resistance problem (a), there is little work in the areas of reacting to attacks (b) and (c). Additionally, while streaming data research concentrates on the ability to react to changes to the data distribution, they often take an adversarial agnostic view of the security problem. This makes them vulnerable to adversarial activity, which is aimed toward evading the concept drift detection mechanism itself. In this paper, we analyze the security of machine learning from a dynamic and adversarial aware perspective. The existing techniques of restrictive one‐class classifier models, complex learning‐based ensemble models, and randomization‐based ensemble models are shown to be myopic as they approach security as a static task. These methodologies are ill suited for a dynamic environment, as they leak excessive information to an adversary who can subsequently launch attacks which are indistinguishable from the benign data. Based on empirical vulnerability analysis against a sophisticated adversary, a novel feature importance hiding approach for classifier design is proposed. The proposed design ensures that future attacks on classifiers can be detected and recovered from. The proposed work provides motivation, by serving as a blueprint, for future work in the area of dynamic‐adversarial mining, which combines lessons learned from streaming data mining, adversarial learning, and cybersecurity.This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Classification
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Precision engineering of targeted nanocarriers
Authors: Deci Michael B. , Liu Maixian , Dinh Quoc Thai , Nguyen Juliane 
Published: February 2018

Since their introduction in 1980, the number of advanced targeted nanocarrier systems has grown considerably. Nanocarriers capable of targeting single receptors, multiple receptors, or multiple epitopes have all been used to enhance delivery efficiency and selectivity. Despite tremendous progress, preclinical studies and clinically translatable nanotechnology remain disconnected. The disconnect in targeting efficacy may stem from poorly‐understood factors such as receptor clustering, spatial control of targeting ligands, ligand mobility, and ligand architecture. Further, the relationship between receptor distribution and ligand architecture remains elusive. Traditionally, targeted nanocarriers were engineered assuming a “static” target. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that receptor expression patterns change in response to external stimuli and disease progression. Here, we discuss how cutting‐edge technologies will enable a better characterization of the spatiotemporal distribution of membrane receptors and their clustering. We further describe how this will enable the design of new nanocarriers that selectively target the site of disease. Ultimately, we explore how the precision engineering of targeted nanocarriers that adapt to receptor dynamics will have the potential to drive nanotechnology to the forefront of therapy and make targeted nanomedicine a clinical reality.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Painless Urethral Bleeding During Penile Erection in an Adult Man With Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Lei Hongen , Guan Xing , Han Hu , Qian Xiaosong , Zhou Xiaoguang , Zhang Xiaodong , Tian Long 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by a triad of cutaneous port wine capillary malformations, varicose veins, and hemihypertrophy of bone and soft tissues.

Aims
To report on a rare case of KTS in an adult man manifested by painless urethral bleeding during penile erection briefly review the clinical presentation and management of the genitourinary forms of this syndrome.

Methods
On presentation, the clinical features of this patient, including medical history, signs and symptoms, and imaging examinations, were recorded. After diagnosis and initial treatment, a literature review of the urethral features of KTS was performed and is discussed in this report.

Results
A 35-year-old man with KTS presented with painless urethral bleeding during penile erection that was associated with posterior urethral vascular malformations. The coagulation method was used to treat the malformation, and no urethral bleeding or gross hematuria occurred during a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates that coagulation therapy and careful follow-up can be adequate treatment approaches for urethral features of KTS. However, the long-term efficacy of coagulation for this disorder should be investigated further.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Polyneuropathy and Electrophysiological Correlations
Authors: Abraham Alon , Breiner Ari , Barnett Carolina , Katzberg Hans D. , Ngo Mylan , Lovblom Leif E. , Perkins Bruce A. , Bril Vera 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo study the frequency of laboratory test abnormalities, and electrophysiological correlations, we performed a retrospective chart review of 226 patients with polyneuropathy. The frequency of laboratory test abnormalities, and correlations with electrophysiological findings were explored. Abnormal glucose handling tests were the most common findings (54%), followed by paraproteinemia (21%) and anemia (21%). The frequencies of paraproteinemia and anemia in our cohort were significantly higher than previously reported. In addition, several laboratory abnormalities correlated with electrophysiological findings of median neuropathy at the wrist, expanding current knowledge about the deleterious effects of various metabolic and hematologic derangements at this site.
The Role of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Team in the Use of Rapid Diagnostic Testing in Acute Care: An Official Position Statement of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
Authors: Hill Brandon , Narayanan Navaneeth , Palavecino Elizabeth , Perez Katherine K. , Premraj Sasha , Streifel Amber , Wrenn Rebekah H. , Zeitler Kristen 
Published: February 2018

Rapid diagnostic technologies can assist Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in achieving the goals of reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure and optimizing patient care. The Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists supports all members of the ASP team as essential components of optimal use of these technologies for management of antibiotic prescribing and cost-reduction strategies.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:473–475
Omphalodiella Patagonica, A New Peltate Lichen Genus And Species From South America
Authors: Henssen Aino 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOmphalodiella patagonica Henssen gen. et sp. nov. is described from two Patagonian localities in Argentina. In habit the new lichen resembles some species of Acarospora in having brown, peltate thalli less than 3 mm wide with immersed apothecia. The ontogeny and structure of the apothecia and pycnidia correspond, however, to genera of the Parmeliaceae. The apothecia are provided with a meristematic, cupular exciple, and the amyloid asci contain 8 or less, ± globose spores. The short-celled conidiophores produce rod-shaped conidia of bayonet type. The thallus is provided with a narrow paraplectenchymatic upper and a broad prosoplectenchymatic, strongly gelatinized lower cortex. The thallus contains gyrophoric acid; the cortex contains ‘glomellifera brown ’.