bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missense changes in the catalytic domain of coagulation factor X account for minimal function preventing a perinatal lethal condition
Authors: Ferrarese Mattia , Baroni Marcello , Della Valle Patrizia , Spiga Ivana , Poloniato Antonella , D'Angelo Armando , Pinotti Mirko , Bernardi Francesco , Branchini Alessio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionInherited deficiencies in the coagulation pathway provide diversified models to investigate the molecular bases of perinatal lethality associated with null‐like variants. Differently from X‐linked haemophilias, homozygous/doubly heterozygous null variants in the rare autosomally inherited deficiency of factor X (FX) might be incompatible with perinatal survival.AimTo provide experimental evidence about the null/close‐to‐null FX function.MethodsThe residual secreted (ELISA) and functional (thrombin generation assays) protein levels associated with the novel nonsense (c.1382G>A; p.Trp461Ter) and missense (c.752T>C; p.Leu251Pro) variants, found in the proposita with life‐threatening symptoms at birth, were characterized through recombinant (r)FX expression.ResultsThe rFX‐461Ter showed very low secretion and undetectable function. Expression and function of the predicted readthrough‐deriving missense variants (rFX‐461Tyr, rFX‐461Gln) were also severely impaired. These unfavourable features, due to nucleotide and protein sequence constraints, precluded functional readthrough over the 461 stop codon. Differently, the poorly secreted rFX‐251Pro variant displayed residual function that was characterized by anti‐TFPI aptamer‐based amplification or selective inhibition of activated FX function by fondaparinux in plasma and found to be reduced by approximately three orders of magnitude. Similarly to the rFX‐251Pro, a group of catalytic domain missense variants cause poorly secreted molecules with modest function in FX‐deficient patients with life‐threatening symptoms.ConclusionsOur data, contributing to the knowledge of the very severe FX deficiency forms, support life‐saving requirement of trace FX function, clearly exemplified by the dysfunctional but not completely inactive rFX‐251Pro variant that, albeit with severely reduced function, is compatible with a residual activity ensuring minimal haemostasis and permitting perinatal survival.
High serum interleukin‐34 level is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Noda Yu , Kawaguchi Takumi , Korenaga Masaaki , Yoshio Sachiyo , Komukai Sho , Nakano Masahito , Niizeki Takashi , Koga Hironori , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Kanto Tatsuya , Torimura Takuji 
Published: April 2019

AimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of interleukin (IL)‐34 and YKL‐40, regulators of hepatic fibrosis and tumor growth, on the prognosis of patients with non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe enrolled 159 non‐viral HCC patients (age, 70.8 ± 8.5 years; female/male, 43/116). Of these, 86 patients were alive and 73 patients had died at the censor time point. Serum IL‐34 and YKL‐40 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were stratified by the median level of serum IL‐34 to examine its effect on survival. Multivariate analysis and random forest analysis were used to evaluate the impact of IL‐34 and YKL‐40 on the prognosis of non‐viral HCC patients.ResultsInterleukin‐34 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.49; P ≤ 0.01), tumor size (HR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.37–1.94; P ≤ 0.01), and tumor number (HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.25–1.87; P ≤ 0.01) were independent predictive factors for survival. Furthermore, the survival rates were significantly lower in the high IL‐34 group than in the low IL‐34 group (5‐year survival rates, 34.7% vs. 59.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). In the random forest analysis for survival, IL‐34 was the third‐highest ranking factor, following tumor size and number. In a stratification analysis, serum α‐fetoprotein level and Fibrosis‐4 index were independent positive risk factors for high serum IL‐34 level. YKL‐40 was not associated with prognosis in either the multivariate or random forest analysis.ConclusionInterleukin‐34 was an independent factor for survival of non‐viral HCC patients. Interleukin‐34 might be associated with prognosis through tumor and hepatic fibrosis factors.
EXPLAINING THE DECLINE OF THE U.S. SAVING RATE: THE ROLE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURE
Authors: Chen Yi , Mazzocco Maurizio , Személy Béla 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe U.S. saving rate declined by 8% between 1980 and 2009. We document that the decline can be explained by rising health expenditures. Using exogenous variation in medical expenses generated by Food and Drug Administration drug approvals, we document that a 1 percentage point increase in health expenditure generated a decline in saving rate of 0.9 percentage points. We then estimate a model of household decisions to evaluate the mechanisms behind the decline. We find that the rise in health expenses and drop in saving rate are driven by progress in health technology, reduction in copayment rates, and improvements in income processes.
La dimension économique de la législation protectrice de l'emploi, y compris sous ses modalités différentes: analyse sur un panel de 117 pays, 1990–2013
Authors: ADAMS Zoe , BISHOP Louise , DEAKIN Simon , FENWICK Colin , MARTINSSON GARZELLI Sara , RUSCONI Giudy 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLes auteurs replacent l'évolution de la législation protectrice de l'emploi (y compris de durée déterminée, intérimaire et à temps partiel) dans une perspective économique en utilisant un indice de la rigueur de la réglementation établi par le Centre for Business Research de l'Université de Cambridge pour 117 pays (1970–2013). L'analyse économétrique repose sur des méthodes pour données de panel non stationnaires. Elle fait apparaître un renforcement de la protection, associé à une hausse de la part salariale dans le revenu national, une progression des taux d'activité et d'emploi et une baisse du chômage, des relations qui restent faibles cependant au regard de la tendance économique globale.
Mesurer et comprendre les échanges de tâches dans le secteur des services
Authors: CHIQUIAR Daniel , TOBAL MartÍn , YSLAS Renato 
Published: April 2019

RésuméAvec la révolution numérique, la délocalisation guette les tâches particulièrement échangeables dans le domaine des services. Les auteurs font la synthèse des études sur la mesure de l'échangeabilité des services, en analysant les effets de la délocalisation sur l'emploi dans ce secteur et les approches théoriques en la matière. L'intensité en qualification et l'échangeabilité sont des déterminants des effets de la délocalisation des services sur le salaire et l'emploi. Cependant, des problèmes de définition, l'absence de données de qualité et la difficulté à mesurer précisément la concurrence des importations freinent les progrès de la recherche, ouvrant les pistes pour les travaux à venir.
La importancia económica de la legislación de protección del empleo y sobre modalidades diferentes de empleo en 117 países, 1990–2013
Authors: ADAMS Zoe , BISHOP Louise , DEAKIN Simon , FENWICK Colin , MARTINSSON GARZELLI Sara , RUSCONI Giudy 
Published: April 2019

ResumenMediante análisis econométrico de series temporales con datos de panel no estacionarios, se estiman los efectos de la legislación de protección del empleo y de la protección jurídica de modalidades diferentes de empleo (a tiempo parcial, temporal y a través de agencias) sobre los resultados económicos utilizando datos del CBR‐LRI. Se observa un aumento del nivel de protección a lo largo del tiempo. Una mayor protección se asocia a un incremento de la participación del trabajo en la renta nacional, de la tasa de actividad y del empleo y a una disminución del desempleo, aunque de magnitudes relativamente pequeñas en comparación con las tendencias económicas más generales.
Medición y comprensión del comercio de tareas en el sector de los servicios
Authors: CHIQUIAR Daniel , TOBAL Martín , YSLAS Renato 
Published: April 2019

ResumenLa revolución de las TIC ha generado un alto riesgo de deslocalización de las tareas más comercializables en el sector de los servicios. Se revisan aquí estudios que proponen indicadores de comerciabilidad de los servicios, exploran las implicaciones de su deslocalización y desarrollan modelos teóricos al respecto. Tanto el nivel de calificación requerido como la comerciabilidad podrían ser determinantes clave de los efectos sobre los salarios y el empleo. Sin embargo, la falta de definiciones consensuadas de comerciabilidad y de datos fiables sobre el comercio de servicios, junto con la dificultad de evaluar la competencia de las importaciones a niveles desagregados, obstaculizan el avance de los estudios empíricos y descubren áreas para futuras investigaciones.
Nicotinamide reduces renal interstitial fibrosis by suppressing tubular injury and inflammation
Authors: Zheng Meiling , Cai Juan , Liu Zhiwen , Shu Shaoqun , Wang Ying , Tang Chengyuan , Dong Zheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRenal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological feature in progressive kidney diseases currently lacking effective treatment. Nicotinamide (NAM), a member of water‐soluble vitamin B family, was recently suggested to have a therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice and humans. The effect of NAM on chronic kidney pathologies, including renal fibrosis, is unknown. Here we have tested the effects of NAM on renal interstitial fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro models. In vivo, unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) induced renal interstitial fibrosis as indicated Masson trichrome staining and expression of pro‐fibrotic proteins, which was inhibited by NAM. In UUO, NAM suppressed tubular atrophy and apoptosis. In addition, NAM suppressed UUO‐associated T cell and macrophage infiltration and induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β. In cultured mouse proximal tubule cells, NAM blocked TGF–β‐induced expression of fibrotic proteins, while it marginally suppressed the morphological changes induced by TGF‐β. NAM also suppressed the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (eg MCP‐1 and IL‐1β) during TGF‐β treatment of these cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate an anti‐fibrotic effect of NAM in kidneys, which may involve the suppression of tubular injury and inflammation.
Salidroside ameliorates Adriamycin nephropathy in mice by inhibiting β‐catenin activity
Authors: Huang Xinzhong , Xue Haiyan , Ma Jinyu , Zhang Yunzhong , Zhang Jing , Liu Yue , Qin Xiaogang , Sun Cheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSalidroside is a major phenylethanoid glycoside in Rhodiola rosea L., a traditional Chinese medicine, with multiple biological activities. It has been shown that salidroside possesses protective effects for alleviating diabetic renal dysfunction, contrast‐induced‐nephropathy and other kidney diseases. However, the involved molecular mechanism was still not understood well. Herein, we examined the protective effects of salidroside in mice with Adriamycin (ADR)‐induced nephropathy and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that salidroside treatment ameliorates proteinuria; improves expressions of nephrin and podocin; and reduces kidney fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis induced by ADR. Mechanistically, ADR induces a robust accumulation of β‐catenin in the nucleus and stimulates its downstream target gene expression. The application of salidroside largely abolishes the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and thus inhibits its activity. Furthermore, the activation of β‐catenin almost completely counteracts the protective roles of salidroside in ADR‐injured podocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that salidroside ameliorates proteinuria, renal fibrosis and podocyte injury in ADR nephropathy, which may rely on inhibition of β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Heritability, stability, and prevalence of tonic and phasic irritability as indicators of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Authors: Moore Ashlee A. , Lapato Dana M. , Brotman Melissa A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Aggen Steven H. , Hettema John M. , York Timothy P. , Silberg Judy L. , Roberson‐Nay Roxann 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundLittle is known about genetic and environmental influences on the components of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), tonic irritability (i.e., irritable mood) and phasic irritability (i.e., temper outbursts). This study examined prevalence, stability, and heritability of tonic irritability, phasic irritability, and a DMDD proxy (pDMDD) based on DSM‐5 criteria.MethodspDMDD was derived using data from clinical interviews of parents and their twins (N = 1,431 twin pairs), ages 8–17, participating in Waves 1 and 2 of the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Biometrical modeling was used to compare a common pathway model (CPM) and an independent pathway model (IPM), and heritability estimates were obtained for pDMDD using the symptoms of irritable mood (tonic irritability; DMDD Criterion D), intense temper outbursts (phasic irritability; DMDD Criterion A), and frequent temper outbursts (phasic irritability; DMDD Criterion C).ResultsLifetime prevalence of pDMDD was 7.46%. The stability of DMDD symptoms and the pDMDD phenotype across approximately one year were moderate (.30–.69). A CPM was a better fit to the data than an IPM. Phasic irritability loaded strongly onto the pDMDD latent factor (.89–.96) whereas tonic irritability did not (.28). Genetic influences accounted for approximately 59% of the variance in the latent pDMDD phenotype, with the remaining 41% of the variance due to unique environmental effects. The heritability of tonic irritability (54%) was slightly lower than that of frequent and intense temper (components of phasic irritability; 61% and 63%, respectively).ConclusionsCompared to tonic irritability, phasic irritability appears to be slightly more stable and heritable, as well as a stronger indicator of the latent factor. Furthermore, environmental experiences appear to play a substantial role in the development of irritability and DMDD, and researchers should seek to elucidate these mechanisms in future work.
Changes in texture and molecular forces of heated‐induced egg white gel with adding xanthan gum
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Lingling , Tu Yonggang , Wu Na , Jiang Yan , Xu Mingsheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effects of xanthan gum (XG; 0, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.18 wt%) on the formation of egg white (EW)–XG gels were investigated using modern instruments low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and chemical analysis. Results showed that at low concentrations of XG (0.06 wt%), the hardness and springiness of gels were increased, while free sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity declined. A rapid decrease (p < .05) in T2 of EW gels was found as the XG increased, which effected on proton mobility and relaxation peak changeability of EW gels. Results from FTIR revealed that XG addition affected the secondary structure of EW gels by increasing the contents of β—sheet due to the interaction among protein and XG. And a coarse structure of gel was observed at a high concentration of XG. These findings suggested that the presence of XG in heated‐induced EW endowed a desired characteristics gel of EW for enlarging the applications.Practical applicationsMany food systems are in neutral environment, such as surimi products, egg tofu. Proteins and polysaccharides are two of the raw materials commonly used in food processing. Protein—polysaccharide hybrid gels have application in adjusting product formulations and improving the texture and quality of the product. However, we need to understand the gel texture properties and mechanisms before expanding specific utilization of hybrid gel, which provides a theoretical basis for designing new attractive structures and textures.
The zinc finger protein GATA4 induces mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition and cellular senescence through the nuclear factor‐κB pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Qin , Zhou Dishu , He Xiaoqian , Fan Jiangxia , Tang Jun , Qiu Zhu , Zhang Yan , Qiu Jingfu , Xu Yongzhu , Lai Guoqi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe high mortality and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have raised the public attention. Gene therapy is considered as a promising treatment option for cancer; thus, finding a new therapeutic target for HCC is urgently needed. GATA4 is a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancers, but its role in HCC is unclear. In this study, we explored the function of GATA4 in HCC.MethodsReverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the mRNA expression of GATA4 in HCC cells and tissues. Cell viability, transwell, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were applied to examine different aspects of biological effects of GATA4 in vitro. Xenografts, immunohistochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated digoxigenin‐dUTP nick‐end labeling assays were performed to evaluate the effect of GATA4 on tumorigenicity in vivo. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and β‐galactosidase staining were used to investigate the mechanism underlying the function of GATA4.ResultsWe found that GATA4 was silenced in 15/19 (79%) HCC tissues. Restoring the expression of GATA4 induced G0/G1 phase arrest, promoted apoptosis, suppressed HCC proliferation in vitro, and inhibited HCC tumor growth in vivo. Our data further showed that the ectopic expression of GATA4 induced cellular senescence through regulating nuclear factor‐κB and inducing mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that by inducing cellular senescence and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition, GATA4 plays a crucial role as a tumor suppressor in HCC. It may thus be a potential cancer therapeutic target for HCC.
The Dynamics of Capital Flow Episodes
Authors: FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN , GUÉRIN PIERRE 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe first propose a novel methodology for identifying episodes of strong equity and bond flows using estimates from a regime‐switching model that keeps context‐ and sample‐specific assumptions to a minimum. We then assess the impacts of U.S. stock market volatility (VIX) and U.S. monetary policy shocks on equity and bond flow episodes. Our results indicate that the impacts of both shocks differ across in‐ and outflow episodes and, based on an assessment of equity flows, vary considerably over time. While VIX shocks are mostly associated with asymmetric impacts across episodes, U.S. monetary policy shocks generate such asymmetries primarily over time.
Scaling of cardiac morphology is interrupted by birth in the developing sheep Ovis aries
Authors: Snelling Edward P. , Seymour Roger S. , Giussani Dino A. , Fuller Andrea , Maloney Shane K. , Farrell Anthony P. , Mitchell Duncan , George Keith P. , Dzialowski Edward M. , Jonker Sonnet S. , Wube Tilaye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractScaling of the heart across development can reveal the degree to which variation in cardiac morphology depends on body mass. In this study, we assessed the scaling of heart mass, left and right ventricular masses, and ventricular mass ratio, as a function of eviscerated body mass across fetal and postnatal development in Horro sheep Ovis aries (~50‐fold body mass range; N = 21). Whole hearts were extracted from carcasses, cleaned, dissected into chambers and weighed. We found a biphasic relationship when heart mass was scaled against body mass, with a conspicuous ‘breakpoint’ around the time of birth, manifest not by a change in the scaling exponent (slope), but rather a jump in the elevation. Fetal heart mass (g) increased with eviscerated body mass (Mb, kg) according to the power equation 4.90 Mb0.88 ± 0.26 (± 95% CI), whereas postnatal heart mass increased according to 10.0 Mb0.88 ± 0.10. While the fetal and postnatal scaling exponents are identical (0.88) and reveal a clear dependence of heart mass on body mass, only the postnatal exponent is significantly less than 1.0, indicating the postnatal heart becomes a smaller component of body mass as the body grows, which is a pattern found frequently with postnatal cardiac development among mammals. The rapid doubling in heart mass around the time of birth is independent of any increase in body mass and is consistent with the normalization of wall stress in response to abrupt changes in volume loading and pressure loading at parturition. We discuss variation in scaling patterns of heart mass across development among mammals, and suggest that the variation results from a complex interplay between hard‐wired genetics and epigenetic influences.
A patient from Zhejiang, China, with synchronous mucinous metaplasia and neoplasms of the female genital tract: A case report
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Gao Li , Yu Huimin , Xia Liang , Guo Xiuyu , Zheng Fei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynchronous mucinous metaplasia and neoplasms of the female genital tract (SMMN‐FGT) is a rare disease reported by a few scholars without the consensus of diagnosis and treatment. Here we will report a 57‐year‐old female patient from Zhejiang China who suffered from this disease. She came to our hospital because of a large amount of vaginal discharge. All the medical examination was negative except hydrometra, and the left fallopian tube was segmenting and thickening. Then she had a total hysterectomy and a bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and was finally diagnosed with pathological evidence. In addition, the positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scan after the operation revealed no residual tumors, and the case needed further follow‐up.
Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Melo Gilberto , Duarte Joyce , Pauletto Patrícia , Porporatti André Luís , Stuginski‐Barbosa Juliana , Winocur Ephraim , Flores‐Mir Carlos , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo synthesise available knowledge about both sleep (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) as depicted by previous published systematic reviews (SR).MethodsSR investigating any bruxism‐related outcome were selected in a two‐phase process. Searches were performed on seven main electronic databases and a partial grey literature search on three databases. Risk of bias of included SR was assessed using the “University of Bristol's tool for assessing risk of bias in SR”.ResultsFrom 1038 studies, 41 SR were included. Findings from these SR suggested that (a) among adults, prevalence of AB was 22%‐30%, SB (1%‐15%), and SB among children and adolescents (3%‐49%); (b) factors consistently associated with bruxism were use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, some psychotropic medications, oesophageal acidification and second‐hand smoke; temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms presented a plausible association; (c) portable diagnostic devices showed overall higher values of specificity (0.83‐1.00) and sensitivity (0.40‐1.00); (d) bruxism might result in biomechanical complications regarding dental implants; however, evidence was inconclusive regarding other dental restorations and periodontal impact; (e) occlusal appliances were considered effective for bruxism management, although current evidence was considered weak regarding other therapies.ConclusionsCurrent knowledge from SR was mostly related to SB. Higher prevalence rates were found in children and adolescents than in adults. Associated factors and bruxism effects on stomatognathic structures were considerably heterogeneous and inconsistent. Overall good accuracy regarding portable diagnostic devices was found. Interventions' effectiveness was mostly inconclusive regarding the majority of available therapies, with the exception of occlusal appliances.