bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stunting and its associated factors among 6–7-year-old children in southern Iran: a nested case–control study
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Javad , Fararouei Mohammad , Moravej Hossein , Dianatinasab Mostafa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveHeight-for-age shorter than 3th percentile or 2sdbelow the median of the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference is known as stunting. The present study aimed to measure the association of several factors with stunting in a cohort born from 2009 to 2010 in Shiraz, Iran.Design/Setting/SubjectsNested case–control study conducted on pre-school children in 2016. Participants were 200 children suffering from stunting (case group) and 200 children with normal height (control group).ResultsResults of multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested a significant relationship (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) between stunting and mother’s occupation (employedv. housewife: 3·58; 1·73, 7·39) and chronic diseases (yesv. no: 2·93; 1·25, 6·88). In addition, significant associations were found between family income (<10 millionv. >30 million Rials: 5·63; 2·46, 12·87), diary consumption (very littlev. high: 5·93; 1·74, 20·18) and animal protein in diet (lowv. very high: 2·42; 1·13, 5·19) and stunting among children. Also, chance of stunting was inversely associated with birth interval (<2 yearsv. first child: 3·13; 1·45, 6·76) and duration of exclusive breast-feeding (18–24 monthsv. formula only or breast-feeding for <18 months: 0·53; 0·30, 0·92).ConclusionsMothers being housewife, possibly due to having more time to take care of their children, childhood diseases and consumption of dairy foods are strong and modifiable factors which can positively affect Iranian children’s stature. Higher family income is another important factor in stunting but under less parental control.
Probabilistic Evaluation of Fault Sources Based on Paleoseismic Evidence From Mass‐Transport Deposits: The Example of Aysén Fjord, Chile
Authors: Vanneste Kris , Wils Katleen , Van Daele Maarten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContemporaneous mass‐transport deposits (MTDs) recorded in lake and fjord sediments provide evidence of past seismic shaking. However, because they are usually not connected to a fault rupture, assessment of the earthquake source remains difficult. Based on observed coseismic mass wasting and associated seismic shaking, previous studies assigned minimum intensities required to trigger them. Attempts to infer their earthquake source relied on methods developed to estimate the location and magnitude of historical earthquakes using intensity prediction equations, but considered these thresholds as actual intensities. Here we develop a probabilistic method to infer the most likely earthquake sources from the spatial distribution (or absence) of MTDs. This approach simultaneously allows the triggering intensity to exceed the assumed threshold and takes into account intensity prediction equation uncertainties, two shortcomings of existing methods. Additionally, we consider known active faults rather than a grid of possible epicenters. We apply this method to Aysén Fjord (southern Chile), which is intersected by the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone. In 2007, an MW = 6.2 earthquake hit the fjord with intensities of VIII+, causing major landslides entering the fjord. Seismic‐reflection profiles show that its sedimentary fill contains nine prehistoric MTD levels. Following a sensitivity analysis, application of the method to the MTD record allows identifying the most likely fault sections and magnitude range for most events, confirming that they are mainly attributed to crustal earthquakes on the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone. We conclude that the method has good potential to constrain the size and location of paleoearthquakes for which only shaking evidence is available.
Floor‐Fractured Craters on Ceres and Implications for Interior Processes
Authors: Buczkowski Debra L. , Sizemore Hanna G. , Bland Michael T. , Scully Jennifer E. C. , Quick Lynnae C. , Hughson Kynan H. G. , Park Ryan S. , Preusker Frank , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral of the impact craters on Ceres have sets of fractures on their floors. These fractures appear similar to those found within a class of lunar craters referred to as floor‐fractured craters (FFCs). We have cataloged the Ceres FFCs according to the classification scheme designed for the Moon. An analysis of the depth to diameter ratio for Ceres craters shows that, like lunar FFCs, the Ceres FFCs are anomalously shallow. Large (>50 km) Ceres FFCs are most consistent with Class 1 lunar FFCs, while smaller craters on Ceres are more consistent with Class 4 lunar FFCs. This suggests that Ceres FFCs may similarly be undergoing fracturing due to the intrusion of a low‐density material below the craters. While on the Moon (and Mars) the intrusive material is hypothesized to be silicate magma, cryomagmatic intrusions are more likely responsible for the formation of the Ceres FFCs. However, new models suggest that at least some of the FFC fractures may have formed due to the solid‐state flow of a low‐viscosity and low‐density material into the crater wall.
ISOLESC: A Coupled Isotope‐LSM‐LES‐Cloud Modeling System to Investigate the Water Budget in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Wei Zhongwang , Lee Xuhui , Patton Edward G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStable isotopes of water (H2O, HDO, and H218O) are tracers that provide powerful constraints on water transport processes in the atmosphere. This paper presents a description of an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) simulation system called ISOLESC that couples water isotope fractionation processes with a land surface model, a large eddy simulation model, and a two‐moment cloud microphysics parameterization. Results from two model configurations—one with shallow precipitating cumulus and the other for a cloud‐free ABL—are presented to evaluate the model performance and determine its sensitivity to isotopic parameterizations. The coupled model successfully reproduces important ABL statistics (ABL height, cloud fraction, and cloud liquid water content), the expected effects of mixing and fractionation on the time evolution of ABL vapor isotopic composition, and observed diurnal variations of near‐surface water vapor isotopic composition. For the current configuration, nondiscriminating entrainment contributes 17% to the subdaily time variation of near‐surface vapor deuterium excess, while surface evapotranspiration contributes 83%. The isotopic compositions of water vapor and cloud water are insensitive to mesh resolution, but the profiles of cloud water specific humidity, rainwater specific humidity, and its isotopic ratios show moderate response to changes in grid size. Since ISOLESC resolves the energy containing scales of turbulent motions in the ABL and incorporates microphysical processes, it can be used for constraining ABL parameterizations. We find that a further improvement of raindrop reevaporation in the current cloud microphysical scheme is required in order to produce realistic near‐surface raindrop deuterium excess for the case simulated here. We suggest that ISOLESC provides a quantitative framework for utilizing vapor‐phase isotopic measurements to study local hydrological processes.
High‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling of Hydrological Changes Over the Sanjiangyuan Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: 2. Impact of Climate and Land Cover Change
Authors: Ji Peng , Yuan Xing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKnown as the “China Water Tower,” the Sanjiangyuan region over the eastern Tibetan Plateau experienced significant hydrological changes during the past few decades, potentially affecting the security of food, energy, and water over the downstream areas. Previous studies attributed the hydrological changes to global warming or land cover change, and obtained contrary conclusions on the dominant drivers. Here we show that natural climate change is mainly responsible for most hydrological changes (except low flows) over the Sanjiangyuan region, followed by the anthropogenic climate change, while land cover contributed the least. The newly developed Conjunctive Surface‐Subsurface Process version 2 land surface model that was evaluated comprehensively in the first part of this series was used to conduct a set of high‐resolution simulations driven by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 detection and attribution experiment outputs with natural or anthropogenic forcings. By using an integrated hydroclimate attribution framework, anthropogenic climate change was found to cause significant ground temperature warming and soil frozen period shortening. However, significant decreasing trends in annual mean streamflow and high flows over the Yellow River headwater region and the terrestrial water storage averaged over the Sanjiangyuan region were mainly caused by natural climate change, with contribution by 57–97%. The contributions from land cover change are less than 11%. This study suggests that adaptations are more important than mitigations for the water resource management over the Sanjiangyuan and its downstream regions, because natural climate change outweighed human‐induced climate change in the headwater region.
Salinity Management in the Murray‐Darling Basin: A Transaction Cost Study
Authors: Loch Adam , Gregg Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransaction costs are fundamental to implementing, evaluating, and monitoring public policy/programs for social, economic, and/or environmental welfare. Empirical accounting for transaction costs helps identify and evaluate adaptive public policy or program arrangements that improve future institutional choices under uncertainty. However, examples of empirical transaction cost studies are few, due largely to persistent measurement challenges and limits to transaction cost comprehension. A lack of studies limits both insights into the importance of transaction costs in institutional design and validation of theories surrounding cost trajectories over time under different institutional arrangements. In this paper we apply time series analysis to a unique database of public salinity management program transaction costs in Australia's Murray‐Darling Basin. Our study provides insights into the role of transaction costs in institutional efficiency and on empirical approaches to considering relationships between observed transaction cost trajectories and the efficiency of associated institutions. Our results indicate that the Murray‐Darling Basin salinity management program succeeded in generating persistent declines in transaction costs and river salinity levels over time. We suggest some possible reasons for this that are associated with institutional design and reflect on what these findings may mean for other jurisdictions.
A Quantitative Investigation of the Thresholds for Two Conventional Water Scarcity Indicators Using a State‐of‐the‐Art Global Hydrological Model With Human Activities
Authors: Hanasaki Naota , Yoshikawa Sayaka , Pokhrel Yadu , Kanae Shinjiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmong the published global water resource assessments, regions where annual total water withdrawal exceeds 20% and 40% of the availability, or where per capita water availability falls below 1,700 and 500 m3·person−1·year−1, are categorized as being moderately and highly water stressed, respectively, but the rationale for using these thresholds has not been fully explained. Here we show that these thresholds represent the sufficiency of local and renewable water resources, which are estimated daily by a state‐of‐the‐art global hydrological model. We found that water abstraction from local and renewable sources is insufficient (i.e., more than 1% of the annual total water requirement becomes unmet) in a majority of grid cells where annual total water withdrawal exceeds 20% of the availability and/or per capita water availability falls below 1,700 person−1·year−1 (moderate stress). In grid cells where the corresponding values are 40% and/or below 500 m3·person−1·year−1 (high water stress), more than 20% and 60% of the annual total water requirement must be supplied by nonlocal and nonrenewable sources, respectively. These results indicate that conventional indicators and thresholds can be used as a surrogate for measuring daily variations in the sufficiency of local and renewable water sources at the global scale. At the same time, the substitutability of the water withdrawal to availability (WTA) and the water availability per capita (APC) varies by region, which can be primarily attributed to the intensity of the seasonal variation in river flow and irrigated area per capita, respectively. Based on the analyses, new sets of thresholds for WTA and APC are proposed.
Next-generation sequencing analysis of multiplex families with atypical psychosis
Authors: Okayama Tatsushi , Hashiguchi Yasuyuki , Kikuyama Hiroki , Yoneda Hiroshi , Kanazawa Tetsufumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtypical psychosis (similar to acute and transient psychotic disorder, brief psychotic disorder) is highly heritable, but the causal genes remain unidentified. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on multiplex Japanese families with atypical psychosis. The patient group of interest shows acute psychotic features including hallucinations, delusions, and catatonic symptoms while they often show good prognosis after the onset. In addition to the next-generation analysis, HLA typing has been conveyed to check the similarity with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Shared causal polymorphisms in the Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma, Netrin 1 receptor (DCC) gene were found in one multiplex family with three patients, and variants in the RNA 3′-Terminal Phosphate Cyclase (RTCA) and One Cut Homeobox 2 (ONECUT2) genes were found to be shared in seven patients. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the MHC region (previously suggested to be a hot region in atypical psychosis) using HLA typing (HLA-DRB1) revealed a common vulnerability with SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) among five patients. This finding demonstrates the shared etiology between psychotic symptoms and autoimmune diseases at the genetic level. Focusing on a specific clinical phenotype is key for elucidating the genetic factors that underlie the complex traits of psychosis.
PHF19 promotes the proliferation, migration, and chemosensitivity of glioblastoma to doxorubicin through modulation of the SIAH1/β–catenin axis
Authors: Deng Qing , Hou Jianbing , Feng Liying , Lv Ailing , Ke Xiaoxue , Liang Hanghua , Wang Feng , Zhang Kui , Chen Kuijun , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPHD finger protein 19 (PHF19), a critical component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is crucial for maintaining the repressive transcriptional activity of several developmental regulatory genes and plays essential roles in various biological processes. Abnormal expression of PHF19 causes dysplasia or serious diseases, including chronic myeloid disorders and tumors. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PHF19 in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PHF19 expression was positively associated with GBM progression, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, chemosensitivity, and tumorigenesis. Using XAV-939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, we found that the effects of PHF19 on GBM cells were β-catenin-dependent. We also demonstrated that PHF19 expression was positively correlated with cytoplasmic β-catenin expression. PHF19 stabilized β-catenin by inhibiting the transcription of seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase of β-catenin, through direct binding to the SIAH1 promoter region. Taken together, our results revealed the novel PHF19-SIAH1–β-catenin axis as a potential and promising therapeutic target.
PARP1 promote autophagy in cardiomyocytes via modulating FoxO3a transcription
Authors: Wang Cheng , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Fengxiao , Huang Kai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a key regulatory process in maintaining cellular homoeostasis via lysosome degradation. Growing evidence reveals that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is involved in the progression of many cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to discuss the role of PARP1 in cardiomyocyte autophagy. Our results demonstrated that PARP1 was activated in response to starvation-induced myocardial autophagy. We identified Forkhead box O (FoxO)3a as a substrate of PARP1. Upon PARP1 activation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation dissociated histone H1 from FoxO3a target gene promoter and promoted FoxO3a nuclear accumulation and binding activity to the target promoters, resulting in increased expression of autophagy related genes. Activated autophagy by PARP1 impaired mitochondrial metabolism and promoted cardiomyocyte death. And PARP1 silencing or specific inhibitors alleviated the promotion of FoxO3 activity upon starvation or myocardial ischemia, thus suppressing cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis. Together, these data indicate that PARP1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of FoxO3a plays a key role in cardiomyocyte autophagy. The utilization of PARP1 as a therapeutic target for related cardiovascular diseases would be desirable.
HSP90-incorporating chaperome networks as biosensor for disease-related pathways in patient-specific midbrain dopamine neurons
Authors: Kishinevsky Sarah , Wang Tai , Rodina Anna , Chung Sun Young , Xu Chao , Philip John , Taldone Tony , Joshi Suhasini , Alpaugh Mary L. , Bolaender Alexander , Gutbier Simon , Sandhu Davinder , Fattahi Faranak , Zimmer Bastian , Shah Smit K. , Chang Elizabeth , Inda Carmen , Koren John , Saurat Nathalie G. , Leist Marcel , Gross Steven S. , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Klein Christine , Tomishima Mark J. , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Neubert Thomas A. , Henrickson Ronald C. , Chiosis Gabriela , Studer Lorenz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnvironmental and genetic risk factors contribute to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) pathogenesis and the associated midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron loss. Here, we identify early PD pathogenic events by developing methodology that utilizes recent innovations in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and chemical sensors of HSP90-incorporating chaperome networks. We show that events triggered by PD-related genetic or toxic stimuli alter the neuronal proteome, thereby altering the stress-specific chaperome networks, which produce changes detected by chemical sensors. Through this method we identify STAT3 and NF-κB signaling activation as examples of genetic stress, and phospho-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activation as an example of toxic stress-induced pathways in PD neurons. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the stress chaperome network reversed abnormal phospho-STAT3 signaling and phospho-TH-related dopamine levels and rescued PD neuron viability. The use of chemical sensors of chaperome networks on hPSC-derived lineages may present a general strategy to identify molecular events associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome
Authors: Sommerfeld Andreas , Senf Cornelius , Buma Brian , D’Amato Anthony W. , Després Tiphaine , Díaz-Hormazábal Ignacio , Fraver Shawn , Frelich Lee E. , Gutiérrez Álvaro G. , Hart Sarah J. , Harvey Brian J. , He Hong S. , Hlásny Tomáš , Holz Andrés , Kitzberger Thomas , Kulakowski Dominik , Lindenmayer David , Mori Akira S. , Müller Jörg , Paritsis Juan , Perry George L. W. , Stephens Scott L. , Svoboda Miroslav , Turner Monica G. , Veblen Thomas T. , Seidl Rupert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability in disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable variability and analyzed whether recent disturbance episodes around the globe were consistently driven by climate, and if human influence modulates patterns of forest disturbance. We combined remote sensing data on recent (2001–2014) disturbances with in-depth local information for 50 protected landscapes and their surroundings across the temperate biome. Disturbance patterns are highly variable, and shaped by variation in disturbance agents and traits of prevailing tree species. However, high disturbance activity is consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions across the globe. Disturbances in protected areas are smaller and more complex in shape compared to their surroundings affected by human land use. This signal disappears in areas with high recent natural disturbance activity, underlining the potential of climate-mediated disturbance to transform forest landscapes.
Multiparameter optimisation of a magneto-optical trap using deep learning
Authors: Tranter A. D. , Slatyer H. J. , Hush M. R. , Leung A. C. , Everett J. L. , Paul K. V. , Vernaz-Gris P. , Lam P. K. , Buchler B. C. , Campbell G. T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMachine learning based on artificial neural networks has emerged as an efficient means to develop empirical models of complex systems. Cold atomic ensembles have become commonplace in laboratories around the world, however, many-body interactions give rise to complex dynamics that preclude precise analytic optimisation of the cooling and trapping process. Here, we implement a deep artificial neural network to optimise the magneto-optic cooling and trapping of neutral atomic ensembles. The solution identified by machine learning is radically different to the smoothly varying adiabatic solutions currently used. Despite this, the solutions outperform best known solutions producing higher optical densities.
Ventral pallidum encodes relative reward value earlier and more robustly than nucleus accumbens
Authors: Ottenheimer David , Richard Jocelyn M. , Janak Patricia H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ventral striatopallidal system, a basal ganglia network thought to convert limbic information into behavioral action, includes the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral pallidum (VP), typically described as a major output of NAc. Here, to investigate how reward-related information is transformed across this circuit, we measure the activity of neurons in NAc and VP when rats receive two highly palatable but differentially preferred rewards, allowing us to track the reward-specific information contained within the neural activity of each region. In VP, we find a prominent preference-related signal that flexibly reports the relative value of reward outcomes across multiple conditions. This reward-specific firing in VP is present in a greater proportion of the population and arises sooner following reward delivery than in NAc. Our findings establish VP as a preeminent value signaler and challenge the existing model of information flow in the ventral basal ganglia.