bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good neighbors aplenty: fungal endophytes rarely exhibit competitive exclusion patterns across a span of woody habitats
Authors: Lee Marissa R. , Powell Jeff R. , Oberle Brad , Cornwell William K. , Lyons Mitchell , Rigg Jessica L. , Zanne Amy E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental forces and biotic interactions, both positive and negative, structure ecological communities, but their relative roles remain obscure despite strong theory. For instance, ecologically similar species, based on the principle of limiting similarity, are expected to be most competitive and show negative interactions. Specious communities that assemble along broad environmental gradients afford the most power to test theory, but the communities often are difficult to quantify. Microbes, specifically fungal endophytes of wood, are especially suited for testing community assembly theory because they are relatively easy to sample across a comprehensive range of environmental space with clear axes of variation. Moreover, endophytes mediate key forest carbon cycle processes, and although saprophytic fungi from dead wood typically compete, endophytic fungi in living wood may enhance success through cooperative symbioses. To classify interactions within endophyte communities, we analyzed fungal DNA barcode variation across 22 woody plant species growing in woodlands near Richmond, New South Wales, Australia. We estimated the response of endophytes to the measured wood environment (i.e., 11 anatomical and chemical wood traits) and each other using latent‐variable models and identified recurrent communities across wood environments using model‐based classification. We used this information to evaluate whether (1) co‐occurrence patterns are consistent with strong competitive exclusion, and (2) a priori classifications by trophic mode and phylum distinguish taxa that are more likely to have positive vs. negative associations under the principle of limiting similarity. Fungal endophytes were diverse (mean = 140 taxa/sample), with differences in community composition structured by wood traits. Variation in wood water content and carbon concentration were associated with especially large community shifts. Surprisingly, after accounting for wood traits, fungal species were still more than three times more likely to have positive than negative co‐occurrence patterns. That is, patterns consistent with strong competitive exclusion were rare, and positive interactions among fungal endophytes were more common than expected. Confirming the frequency of positive vs. negative interactions among fungal taxa requires experimental tests, and our findings establish clear paths for further study. Evidence to date intriguingly suggests that, across a wide range of wood traits, cooperation may outweigh combat for these fungi.
Possible role of SCN4A skeletal muscle mutation in apnea during seizure
Authors: Türkdoğan Dilşad , Matthews Emma , Usluer Sunay , Gündoğdu Aslı , Uluç Kayıhan , Mannikko Roope , Hanna Michael G. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Çağlayan Hande S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSCN4A gene mutations cause a number of neuromuscular phenotypes including myotonia. A subset of infants with myotonia‐causing mutations experience severe life‐threatening episodic laryngospasm with apnea. We have recently identified similar SCN4A mutations in association with sudden infant death syndrome. Laryngospasm has also been proposed as a contributory mechanism to some cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We report an infant with EEG‐confirmed seizures and recurrent apneas. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a known pathogenic mutation in the SCN4A gene that has been reported in several unrelated families with myotonic disorder. We propose that the SCN4A mutation contributed to the apneas in our case, irrespective of the underlying cause of the epilepsy. We suggest this supports the notion that laryngospasm may contribute to some cases of SUDEP, and implicates a possible shared mechanism between a proportion of sudden infant deaths and sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy.
Predictive value of the milking patency test when performing the arterial microanastomosis in head and neck surgery
Authors: Podeur Fabien , Peyrachon Benjamin , Nokovitch Lara , Dammacco Maria Adèle , Qassemyar Quentin , Deneuve Sophie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe milking patency test (MPT) is widely used to assess the patency of microanastomosis, despite it being proven to be a traumatic test.MethodsWe performed microanastomoses with intentional two‐wall stitches and asked senior microsurgeons to evaluate the permeability of the anastomoses by looking first at the results of the MPT, then according to artery pulsation.ResultsMicrosurgeons were all accurate in evaluating normal or clamped anastomoses. But in anastomoses with defects, the MPT was considered normal 94%, 85%, and 73%. MPT has a positive predictive value of 100% but with a negative predictive value of 27.5%. Observation of the artery pulsation distal to the anastomosis gave similar results.ConclusionsOur experiment shows that the two‐wall stitches on arterial anastomoses are hardly detected by an MPT. The observed pulsation of the artery gives the same results and could be used instead, without damaging the vessels.
Free‐breathing fetal cardiac MRI with doppler ultrasound gating, compressed sensing, and motion compensation
Authors: Haris Kostas , Hedström Erik , Kording Fabian , Bidhult Sebastian , Steding‐Ehrenborg Katarina , Ruprecht Christian , Heiberg Einar , Arheden Håkan , Aletras Anthony H. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundFetal cardiovascular MRI complements ultrasound to assess fetal cardiovascular pathophysiology.PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing method for retrospective fetal cine MRI using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) cardiac gating and tiny golden angle radial sampling (tyGRASP) for accelerated acquisition capable of detecting fetal movements for motion compensation.Study TypeFeasibility study.SubjectsNine volunteers (gestational week 34–40). Short‐axis and four‐chamber views were acquired during maternal free‐breathing and breath‐hold.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T cine balanced steady‐state free precession.AssessmentA self‐gated reconstruction method was improved for clinical application by using 1) retrospective DUS gating, and 2) motion detection and rejection/correction algorithms for compensating for fetal motion. The free‐breathing reconstructions were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and DUS‐gating was compared with self‐gating in breath‐hold reconstructions. A scoring of 1–4 for overall image quality, cardiac, and extracardiac diagnostic quality was used.Statistical TestsFriedman's test was used to assess differences in qualitative scoring between observers. A Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test was used to assess differences between breath‐hold and free‐breathing acquisitions and between observers' quantitative measurements.ResultsIn all cases, 111 free‐breathing and 145 breath‐hold acquisitions, the automatically calculated DUS‐based cardiac gating signal provided reconstructions of diagnostic quality (median score 4, range 1–4). Free‐breathing did not affect the DUS‐based cardiac gated retrospective radial reconstruction with respect to image or diagnostic quality (all P > 0.06). Motion detection with rejection/correction in k‐space produced high‐quality free‐breathing DUS‐based reconstructions [median 3, range (2–4)], whereas free‐breathing self‐gated methods failed in 80 out of 88 cases to produce a stable gating signal.Data ConclusionFree‐breathing fetal cine cardiac MRI based on DUS gating and tyGRASP with motion compensation yields diagnostic images. This simplifies acquisition for the pregnant woman and thus could help increase fetal cardiac MRI acceptance in the clinic.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:260–272.
Genetic tools to study complexity of striatal function
Authors: Ciriachi Chiara , Svane‐Petersen David , Rickhag Mattias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the main input structure of the basal ganglia (BG), the striatum collects and integrates information from several brain areas and funnels them forward to other BG nuclei. The striatal projection neurons are medium‐sized spiny neurons classified in two main subpopulations, based on their neurochemical characterization and projection targets. These subpopulations are segregated into two distinct circuits, the direct and the indirect pathway, which originate in the striatum and interconnect the BG, ultimately reaching their output nuclei. In this review, we discuss current opinions on the striatal circuit and present different strategies to decipher this circuit complexity by utilizing cell ablation, opto‐ and chemogenetics, tetanus toxin‐induced neuronal silencing, and calcium imaging techniques. We also describe genetically encoded biosensors to monitor signaling dynamics in the striatal circuit with high spatial and temporal resolution by targeting both glutamate and dopamine transmission together with downstream signaling effectors. Recent findings revealing transcriptional, functional diversity, and regionally distinct signaling properties of spiny projection neurons argue that refined interrogation will be pertinent for a deeper understanding of this circuit. Moreover, future mapping the G‐protein–coupled receptor repertoire in SPNs will potentially enable pathway‐specific modulation of SPN activity and provide a novel framework for targeting BG diseases. Overall, these tools will be critical for designing next‐generation treatments for BG diseases.
Sexually Dimorphic Influence of Neonatal Antibiotics on Bone
Authors: Pusceddu Matteo M. , Stokes Patricia J. , Wong Alice , Gareau Melanie G. , Genetos Damian C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiome (GM) contributes to host development, metabolism, and disease. Perturbations in GM composition, elicited through chronic administration of oral antibiotics (Abx) or studied using germ‐free environments, alter bone mass, and microarchitecture. However, studies primarily involved chronic Abx exposure to adult mice prior to evaluating the skeletal phenotype. Children are more prone to infection with bacterial pathogens than adults and are thus treated more frequently with broad‐spectrum Abx; consequently, Abx treatment disproportionately occurs during periods of greatest skeletal plasticity to anabolic cues. Because early‐life exposures may exert long‐lasting effects on adult health, we hypothesized that acute Abx administration during a developmentally sensitive period would elicit lasting effects on the skeletal phenotype. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were treated with Abx (P7‐P23; oral gavage) or vehicle (water); GM composition, gut physiology, and bone structural and material properties were assessed in adulthood (8 weeks). We found sexually dimorphic effects of neonatal Abx administration on GM composition, gut barrier permeability, and the skeleton, indicating a negative role for neonatal Abx on bone mass and quality. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2122–2129, 2019
Technical Note: In silico imaging tools from the VICTRE clinical trial
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Graff Christian G. , Badal Andreu , Zeng Rongping , Sawant Purva , Sengupta Aunnasha , Dahal Eshan , Badano Aldo 
Published: June 2019

PurposeIn silico imaging clinical trials are emerging alternative sources of evidence for regulatory evaluation and are typically cheaper and faster than human trials. In this Note, we describe the set of in silico imaging software tools used in the VICTRE (Virtual Clinical Trial for Regulatory Evaluation) which replicated a traditional trial using a computational pipeline.Materials and methodsWe describe a complete imaging clinical trial software package for comparing two breast imaging modalities (digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis). First, digital breast models were developed based on procedural generation techniques for normal anatomy. Second, lesions were inserted in a subset of breast models. The breasts were imaged using GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo transport methods and read using image interpretation models for the presence of lesions. All in silico components were assembled into a computational pipeline. The VICTRE images were made available in DICOM format for ease of use and visualization.ResultsWe describe an open‐source collection of in silico tools for running imaging clinical trials. All tools and source codes have been made freely available.ConclusionThe open‐source tools distributed as part of the VICTRE project facilitate the design and execution of other in silico imaging clinical trials. The entire pipeline can be run as a complete imaging chain, modified to match needs of other trial designs, or used as independent components to build additional pipelines.
Effect of adjacent hydrophilic polymer thin films on physical aging and residual stress in thin films of poly(butylnorbornene‐ran‐hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl norbornene)
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth A. , Stafford Christopher M. , Vogt Bryan D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe properties of thin supported polymer films can be dramatically impacted by the substrate upon which it resides. A simple way to alter the properties of the substrate (chemistry, rigidity, dynamics) is by coating it with an immiscible polymer. Here, we describe how ultrathin (ca. 2 nm) hydrophilic polymer layers of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) impact the aging behavior and the residual stress in thin films of poly(butylnorbornene‐ran‐hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl norbornene) (BuNB‐r‐HFANB). The aging rate decreases as the film thickness (h) is decreased, but the extent of this change depends on the adjacent layer. Even for the thickest films (h > 500 nm), there is a decrease in the aging rate at 100 °C when BuNB‐r‐HFANB is in contact with PSS. In an effort to understand the origins of these differences in the aging behavior, the elastic modulus and residual stress (σR) in the films were determined by wrinkling as a function of aging time. The change in the elastic modulus during aging does not appear to be directly correlated with the densification or expansion of the films, but the aging rates appear to roughly scale as hσR1/3. These results illustrate that the physical aging of thin polymer films can be altered by adjacent polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 992–1000
Development and evaluation of an emotional lexicon system for young children
Authors: Wei Whei-Jane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditionally, children’s emotion has been assessed by teachers according to observation. We should be able to detect children’s emotions using algorithmic techniques. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop and evaluate an emotional lexicon based on the standardized test entitled Emotional Competencies Scale for Young Children (ECSYC). The purpose of this study was to establish the criterion-related validity. The methodology of this study was to firstly develop 40 scenarios based on ECSYC. Secondly, we developed the five-level criteria. Thirdly, this study implemented observer training and calculated inter-rater consistency reliability. Fourthly, observers categorized 200 children’s replies into five levels. Fifthly, this study ranked the sequence of frequency of each level and completed the emotional lexicon. The findings showed that the Spearman's rho coefficient reached up to .406*. (p = .026), which is significant, indicating that Young Children Emotional Lexicon (YCEL) and ECSYC were significantly correlated. The accuracies of the emotion detection recognizer using a bimodal emotion recognition approach achieved 46.7%, 60.85% and 78.73% for facial expression recognition, speech recognition, and a bimodal emotion recognition, respectively. Findings confirmed that the YCEL is feasible for speech recognition. The bimodal emotion recognition accuracies increased 32.03% and 17.88% compared with using a single modal of facial expression recognition and speech recognition, respectively. It is feasible to automatically detect children’s emotional development and bring the norm up to date.
Applying the naïve Bayes classifier to HVAC energy prediction using hourly data
Authors: Lin Chang-Ming , Lin Sheng-Fuu , Liu Hsin-Yu , Tseng Ko-Ying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for approximately 50% of the total energy consumption of buildings. Therefore, many studies have been focused on the simulation and optimal control of HVAC power consumption or the prediction of energy consumption through the construction of energy consumption models and the improvement of HVAC power consumption through energy management methods. The prediction of energy consumption by optimal energy-saving control or energy baseline is dependent on an accurate energy consumption model, however, the accuracy of the energy consumption model is influenced by the model variables. In addition, different operating periods and load conditions also lead to different changes in energy consumption, which will affect the accuracy of optimal energy consumption control or prediction of energy consumption. The present study proposes a method to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of HVAC power consumption prediction, which involves the use of a clustering technique to locate clusters with similar information within hourly data, the construction of energy consumption models by converting the clustered hourly data into monthly data, and the application of the proposed Naïve Bayes classifier to classify hourly data under different operating conditions into the energy consumption model with the smallest prediction error. A multiple variable regression model and an artificial neural network (ANN) model were compared with the models developed in the present study, and the normalized mean bias error (NMBE) and the coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error (Cv-RMSE) were used as criteria for the predicted energy consumption values.
The Basis of Debasing Scepticism
Authors: Cunningham J. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper purports to provide a fresh cashing out of Debasing Scepticism: the type of Scepticism put on the map in a recent article by Jonathan Schaffer, with a view to demonstrating that the Debasing Sceptic’s argument is not so easily dismissed as many of Schaffer’s commentators have thought. After defending the very possibility of the Debasing Sceptic’s favoured sceptical scenario, I lay out a framework for thinking of the agent’s power to hold their beliefs in the light of reasons which I argue has initial plausibility. I then attempt to show that with this framework in tow, the Debasing Sceptic has an argument for their sceptical conclusion available to them which Schaffer’s commentators have failed to undermine, and which is independently interesting.
Using Landsat satellite data for assessing the land use and land cover change in Kashmir valley
Authors: Alam Akhtar , Bhat M. Sultan , Maheen M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been one of the most immense and perceptible transformations of the earth’s surface. Evaluating LULC change at varied spatial scales is imperative in wide range of perspectives such as environmental conservation, resource management, land use planning, and sustainable development. This work aims to examine the land use and land cover changes in the Kashmir valley between the time periods from 1992–2001–2015 using a set of compatible moderate resolution Landsat satellite imageries. Supervised approach with maximum likelihood classifier was adopted for the classification and generation of LULC maps for the selected time periods. Results reveal that there have been substantial changes in the land use and cover during the chosen time periods. In general, three land use and land cover change patterns were observed in the study area: (1) consistent increase of the area under marshy, built-up, barren, plantation, and shrubs; (2) continuous decrease in agriculture and water; (3) decrease (1992–2001) and increase (2001–2015) in forest and pasture classes. In terms of the area under each LULC category, most significant changes have been observed in agriculture (−), plantation (+), built-up (+), and water (−); however, with reference to percent change within each class, the maximum variability was recorded in built-up (198.45%), plantation (87.98%), pasture (− 71%), water (− 48%) and agriculture (− 28.85%). The massive land transformation is largely driven by anthropogenic actions and has been mostly adverse in nature, giving rise to multiple environmental issues in the ecologically sensitive Kashmir valley.
MMS Multi‐Point Analysis of FTE Evolution: Physical Characteristics and Dynamics
Authors: Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Slavin J. A. , Eastwood J. P. , Cassak P. A. , Gershman D. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that flux transfer events (FTEs) grow as they convect away from the reconnection site along the magnetopause. This increase in FTE diameter may occur via adiabatic expansion in response to decreasing external pressure away from the subsolar region or due to a continuous supply of magnetic flux and plasma to the FTEs' outer layers by magnetic reconnection. Here we investigate an ensemble of 55 FTEs at the subsolar magnetopause using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) multi‐point measurements. The FTEs are initially modeled as quasi‐force‐free flux ropes in order to infer their geometry and the spacecraft trajectory relative to their central axis. The MMS observations reveal a radially‐inward net force at the outer layers of FTEs which can accelerate plasmas and fields toward the FTE's core region. Inside the FTEs, near the central axis, plasma density is found to decrease as the axial net force increases. It is interpreted that the axial net force accelerates plasmas along the axis in the region of compressing field lines. Statistical analysis of the MMS observations of the 55 FTEs indicates that plasma pressure, Pth, decreases with increasing FTE diameter, λ, as Pth,obsv ∝ λ−0.24. Assuming that all 55 FTEs started out with similar diameters, this rate of plasma pressure decrease with increasing FTE diameter is at least an order of magnitude slower than the theoretical rate for adiabatic expansion (i.e., Pth,adiab. ∝ λ−3.3), suggesting the presence of efficient plasma heating mechanisms, such as magnetic reconnection, to facilitate FTE growth.