bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De‐aliased and de‐noise Cadzow filtering for seismic data reconstruction
Authors: Huang Weilin , Feng Deshan , Chen Yangkang 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCadzow filtering is currently considered as one of the most effective approaches for seismic data reconstruction. The basic version of Cadzow filtering first reorders each frequency slice of the seismic data (to be reconstructed) to a block Hankel/Toeplitz matrix, and then implements a rank‐reduction operator, that is truncated singular value decomposition, to the Hankel/Toeplitz matrix. However, basic Cadzow filtering cannot deal with the problem of recovering regularly missing data (up‐sampling) in the case of strongly aliased energy, because the regularly missing data will mix with signals in the singular spectrum. To solve this problem, it has been proposed to precondition the reconstruction of high‐frequency components using information from the low‐frequency components which are less aliased. In this paper, we further extend the de‐aliased Cadzow filtering approach to reconstruct regularly sampled seismic traces from the noisy observed data by modifying the reinserting operation, in which the high‐frequency components are projected onto the sub‐space spanned by several singular vectors of the low‐frequency components. At each iteration, the filtered data are weighted to the original data as a feedback. The weighting factor is related to the background noise level and changes with iteration. The feasibility of the proposed technique is validated via two‐dimensional, three‐dimensional and five‐dimensional synthetic data examples, as well as two‐dimensional post‐stack and three‐dimensional pre‐stack field data examples. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively interpolate regularly sampled data and is robust in noisy environments.
Simple study designs in ecology produce inaccurate estimates of biodiversity responses
Authors: Christie Alec P. , Amano Tatsuya , Martin Philip A. , Shackelford Gorm E. , Simmons Benno I. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Monitoring the impacts of anthropogenic threats and interventions to mitigate these threats is key to understanding how to best conserve biodiversity. Ecologists use many different study designs to monitor such impacts. Simpler designs lacking controls (e.g. Before–After (BA) and After) or pre‐impact data (e.g. Control–Impact (CI)) are considered to be less robust than more complex designs (e.g. Before–After Control‐Impact (BACI) or Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)). However, we lack quantitative estimates of how much less accurate simpler study designs are in ecology. Understanding this could help prioritize research and weight studies by their design's accuracy in meta‐analysis and evidence assessment.

We compared how accurately five study designs estimated the true effect of a simulated environmental impact that caused a step‐change response in a population's density. We derived empirical estimates of several simulation parameters from 47 ecological datasets to ensure our simulations were realistic. We measured design performance by determining the percentage of simulations where: (a) the true effect fell within the 95% Confidence Intervals of effect size estimates, and (b) each design correctly estimated the true effect's direction and magnitude. We also considered how sample size affected their performance.

We demonstrated that BACI designs performed: 1.3–1.8 times better than RCTs; 2.9–4.2 times versus BA; 3.2–4.6 times versus CI; and 7.1–10.1 times versus After designs (depending on sample size), when correctly estimating true effect's direction and magnitude to within ±30%. Although BACI designs suffered from low power at small sample sizes, they outperformed other designs for almost all performance measures. Increasing sample size improved BACI design accuracy, but only increased the precision of simpler designs around biased estimates.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that more investment in more robust designs is needed in ecology since inferences from simpler designs, even with large sample sizes may be misleading. Facilitating this requires longer‐term funding and stronger research–practice partnerships. We also propose ‘accuracy weights’ and demonstrate how they can weight studies in three recent meta‐analyses by accounting for study design and sample size. We hope these help decision‐makers and meta‐analysts better account for study design when assessing evidence.
Conservation translocations: a review of common difficulties and promising directions
Authors: Berger‐Tal O. , Blumstein D. T. , Swaisgood R. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTranslocations are a common conservation and management strategy, but despite their popularity, translocations are a high‐cost endeavor with a history of failures. It is therefore imperative to maximize their success by learning from our collective experience. The Global Re‐introduction Perspectives Series is a collection of conservation translocation case studies, generated by the IUCN’s Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, and presented in a structured format with an emphasis on practical information. All 293 animal translocation case studies to date include a section in which the authors list the difficulties they have faced during the translocation project, with over 1200 difficulties described so far. We reviewed all difficulties reported in the series to get insights into the common perceived difficulties faced by wildlife managers during animal translocations. The most reported‐upon problems had to do with animal behavior, followed by monitoring difficulties, lack of funding, quality of release habitat, lack of baseline knowledge and lack of public support. We scrutinized each of these difficulties to highlight future research directions that are most likely to improve translocation success, and put a special emphasis on difficulties stemming from animal behavior, and on solutions that may alleviate these problems and improve conservation translocation success world‐wide.
Mandibular fractures and dental injuries sustained during baseball and softball over 14 years in a Japanese population: A retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Nogami Shinnosuke , Yamauchi Kensuke , Bottini Gian Battista , Morishima Hiromitsu , Sai Yuko , Otake Yoshio , Higuchi Keisuke , Kumagai Masahiro , Gaggl Alexander , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground/AimActive participation in sports is a risk factor for maxillofacial fractures. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to survey and evaluate the characteristics of mandibular fractures, and dental injuries that occurred during the practice of baseball and softball in Sendai, Japan.Material and MethodsThe records of 454 patients with maxillofacial fractures from three departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery across a period 14 years were analysed. Fifty‐one patients with 56 mandible fractures and dental injuries that occurred playing baseball or softball were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Patients were divided according to age, gender, sites of fractures, mechanism of fractures and treatment methods.ResultsThere were 42 males and nine females, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 4.7:1.0. The mean age was 19.9 years old (range: 13‐47 years old). As for the site, body of the mandible fractures prevailed, followed by the condyle, symphysis and angle. Fractures were mostly caused by the impact of a ball (42; 82.4%), followed by collisions with another player (5; 9.8%) and direct strike of a bat (4; 7.8%). All patients with mandibular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, except for six patients with condylar head fractures who were managed conservatively.ConclusionsThe impact of a thrown ball against the batter's mandible can cause a condylar fracture when playing baseball and softball.
An agglutination test for fast and specific detection of Erwinia psidii
Authors: Montoya‐Estrada Claudia N. , Silva Patrick F. , Costa Camila R. , Oliveira Leandro L. , Guimarães Lúcio M.S. , Badel Jorge L. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDieback and wilt, caused by Erwinia psidii (Ep), is one of the most important emergent diseases of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil. Currently, pathogen detection relies on isolation of bacteria from infected plant tissue and either identification based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests or DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which in many cases is laborious and cumbersome. Considering the need for a simpler and more rapid, yet reliable, method for detecting the pathogen, we obtained a polyclonal antibody (anti‐Ep) and developed an agglutination test for specific detection of E. psidii. The antiserum was produced against the E. psidii strain LPF534 and tested against 101 E. psidii isolates from Eucalyptus spp.; three E. psidii isolates from Psidium guajava; 23 Ralstonia solanacearum and 18 Xanthomonas axonopodis isolates pathogenic to Eucalyptus spp.; and seven endophytic isolates from Eucalyptus spp., three of which are phylogenetically related to the genus Erwinia. Results of direct ELISA indicated that a concentration as low as 3.5 µg/ml of the anti‐Ep antibody was able to detect the E. psidii antigen and that the antibody did not cross‐reacted with other bacteria pathogenic and non‐pathogenic to Eucalyptus spp. In the agglutination test, the anti‐Ep antibody showed positive reaction with all strains of E. psidii tested whereas cross‐reaction with none of the strains that belong to other taxonomic groups was observed. The agglutination test showed a detection limit of 105 colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml, and its specificity was the same as that obtained by PCR amplification using E. psidii‐specific primers. These results demonstrate that the agglutination test developed here is a useful tool for specific, fast and inexpensive detection of E. psidii although only operational on pure bacterial suspensions and not yet directly from infected tissues.
Toward evidence‐based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: II. Chemical post–status epilepticus model
Authors: Koska Ines , van Dijk Roelof Maarten , Seiffert Isabel , Di Liberto Valentina , Möller Christina , Palme Rupert , Hellweg Rainer , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveConsidering the complexity of neuronal circuits and their epilepsy‐associated alterations, epilepsy models cannot be completely replaced by in vitro experimental approaches. Decisions about ethical approval of in vivo studies require a thorough weighing of the animal's burden and the benefit regarding the expected gain in knowledge.MethodsBased on combined behavioral, biochemical, and physiological analyses, we assessed the impact on animal well‐being and condition in different phases of the pilocarpine post–status epilepticus (SE) model in rats.ResultsAs a consequence of SE, increased levels of impairment were evident in the early postinsult phase and late chronic phase, whereas only mild impairment was observed in the interim phase. Parameters that stood out as sensitive indicators of animal distress include burrowing, which proved to be affected throughout all experimental phases, saccharin preference, fecal corticosterone metabolites, heart rate, and heart rate variability.SignificanceThe cumulative burden with temporary but not long‐lasting phases of more pronounced impairment suggests a classification of severe as a basis for laboratory‐specific prospective and retrospective evaluation. Among the parameters analyzed, burrowing behavior and saccharin preference stand out as candidate parameters that seem to be well suited to obtain information about animal distress in epileptogenesis models.
Shifts in the skin microbiome associated with diaper dermatitis and emollient treatment amongst infants and toddlers in China
Authors: Zheng Yumei , Wang Qian , Ma Laiji , Chen Yuanyuan , Gao Ying , Zhang Gaolei , Cui Shumei , Liang Haiyun , Song Liya , He Congfen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies.MethodsUsing 16S‐rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein.ResultsIn buttock skin of children with or without diaper dermatitis, Staphylococcus and Anaerococcus were predominant in the total skin microbiome. Compared with the healthy group, the overall skin bacterial richness and diversity were higher in children with diaper dermatitis, with the abundance of Proteobacteria being significantly higher. In the diaper dermatitis group, the richness of Enterococcus, Erwinia and Pseudomonas was significantly higher, and the levels of Clostridium and Actinomyces were significantly lower than those in healthy children. Richness of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in the diaper dermatitis group, whereas that of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bifidobacterium longum was lower. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, the dominant species found in buttock skin, were observed to recover earlier after the disease had improved through emollient treatment.ConclusionStaphylococcus epidermidis, as skin probiotic bacterium, and B longum, Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus ruminis, which are intestinal probiotic bacteria, are significantly decreased in diaper dermatitis lesions. These changes in the buttock skin microflora indicate an imbalance in the microflora and suggest that the intestinal microflora may be undergoing dynamic changes. The results of this study suggest that probiotic bacterial supplementation may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis.
The role of Rsv1 in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in sugar metabolism for long‐term survival
Authors: Kim Eun‐Jung , Cho Yong‐Joon , Chung Woo‐Hyun , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: August 2019

Glucose limitation is a major stress condition that cells must respond to by altering their metabolism to ensure survival. Rsv1 is a zinc finger protein previously shown to be required for survival during stationary phase. In this study, we present a novel mechanism regulated by Rsv1 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is involved in altering glucose metabolic flux. We found that rsv1 gene expression is induced by Rst2 and Atf1, two transcription factors regulated by the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, respectively. The downstream target genes of Rsv1 were identified by genome‐wide ChIP sequencing of Rsv1‐bound DNA sites and RNA sequencing analysis of Rsv1‐dependent transcripts that were differentially expressed under glucose starvation. Rsv1 directly regulated the expression of at least 21 genes that mostly encode transporters and proteins related to sugar metabolism. Among these, gcd1, which encodes glucose dehydrogenase in the gluconate shunt for the pentose phosphate pathway, was most remarkably repressed by Rsv1. The defect in survival of Δrsv1 mutant under glucose starvation condition was mitigated by additional deletion of a gcd1, idn1, or a gene for a putative lactonase (SPCC16c4.10), suggesting the critical importance of downregulating the gluconate shunt and pentose phosphate pathway for long‐term survival. These results show an intricate response to glucose starvation: increasing the synthesis of a transcription factor via two signal transduction pathways, which sheds light on the importance of remodeling a metabolic circuit to secure glucose for cell survival.
Peri‐Incisional Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Treatment of Intractable Head Pain After Lateral Skull Base Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Dang Sabina , Shinn Justin R. , Sowder Justin , Ries William Russell , Stephan Scott J. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this case series was to describe botulinum toxin therapy as a novel treatment of intractable head pain following lateral skull base surgery.BackgroundIntractable headaches following lateral skull base surgery are described in 23%‐75% of patients and can significantly impact quality of life. Currently, the etiology of the headaches is unclear and treatment options are limited. Botulinum toxin is indicated for a multitude of functional and cosmetic reasons, including chronic migraine, and has been further described in treatment of various postsurgical pain syndromes.MethodsIn this case series, 4 patients underwent subcutaneous peri‐incisional injections of botulinum toxin for intractable headache and head pain syndromes. Three patients had undergone lateral skull base surgery and the fourth patient had undergone a temporoparietal fascial flap harvest. Average injection dose ranged from 20 to 60 units with an average duration of effect ranging from 2 weeks to 4 months.ResultsAll patients experienced significant relief of chronic head pain and returned for additional peri‐incisional botulinum toxin injections, suggesting meaningful patient‐perceived value.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin therapy may represent a novel treatment for intractable head pain following lateral skull base surgery and temporoparietal fascial flap harvest. This study represents a small case series and, although 100% of the patients who were treated significantly improved, future inquiry is necessary to confirm these findings.
Serum Vitamin B12 and Methylmalonic Acid Status in Migraineurs: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh , Ghorbani Zeinab , Martami Fahimeh , Seifishahpar Maryam 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAlthough the exact pathophysiological mechanistic pathways that result in the initiation of migraine attacks remain unclear, there are some proposed mechanisms including neurogenic inflammation, trigeminovascular system activation, vascular dysfunction, and augmented release of nitric oxide (NO) and homocysteine (Hcy). Vitamin B12 is thought to be involved in important pathways that seem to be related to the pathogenesis of migraine including scavenging against NO and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) status in a group of migraine patients compared to healthy controls.MethodsAfter the recruitment of cases and controls, demographic data and migraine characteristics (including the number of headache days, severity of headaches, and duration of each attack in hours) were recorded. Serum vitamin B12 and MMA levels were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique.ResultsSeventy migraine patients and 70 healthy subjects were enrolled in this case control study. The serum levels of B12 were found to be significantly lower in migraine patients than in healthy subjects (512 ± 300 vs 667 ± 351 pg/mL, P = .007); whereas migraineurs had higher levels of MMA than controls (1.39 [0.59,4.01] vs 1.01 [0.49,1.45] µg/dL, P = .027). In the fully adjusted multiple regression model, those in the highest vs the lowest serum B12 quartile had 80% decrease in the odds of having migraine ([OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05‐0.73], [P for trend = .008]); while, patients in the highest quartile of MMA had more than 5 times increased risk of having migraine ([OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 1.49‐19.87] [P for trend = .002]). There was no association between serum B12 and MMA levels and headache characteristics.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that participants with lower vitamin B12 and higher MMA levels that considered as lower functional activity of B12 had higher odds of migraine.
Enhancement of Curie temperature and photoluminescent properties of Nd2Mo2O7, Ho2Mo2O7, and Gd2Mo2O7
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Kalem Volkan , Karacaoglu Erkul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor Nd1.90Er0.10Mo2O7, Ho1.90Er0.10Mo2O7, and Gd1.98Eu0.02Mo2O7 nominal compositions, oxide compounds were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. X‐ray diffraction measurements show that molybdenum oxides formed cubic phase except for Nd1.90Er0.10Mo2O7. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe their microstructure and elemental analysis. The photoluminescence properties of the materials, the excitation and emission spectra and the decay curve, were investigated using photoluminescence spectrophotometer. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the ptoluminescent materials, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, piezoelectric constant, and Curie temperature, were measured for electrical characterization. Nd1.90Er0.10Mo2O7, Ho1.90Er0.10Mo2O7, and Gd1.98Eu0.02Mo2O7 materials show both photoluminescence and piezoelectric properties.
Improved phosphate‐based glass fiber performance achieved through acid etch/polydopamine treatment
Authors: Parsons Andrew J. , Felfel Reda M. , Wadge Matthew D. , Grant David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhosphate‐based glass fibers (PGF) are of interest as reinforcements for degradable implants, but have seen limited application due to their rapid loss of strength when subjected to aqueous conditions. Previous studies have utilized heat treatments to improve longer term strength retention at a significant cost to initial strength. In this study, acid etching is used to recover the initial fiber strength after heat treatment and a subsequent coating of polydopamine is applied to provide longer term retention of this recovered strength. After an initial loss of strength after heat treatment (1135 ‐> 509 MPa), an optimized combination of acid treatment and polydopamine coating was able to recover to approximately 85% of the initial strength (969 MPa). The result was significant in comparison to acid treatment (647 MPa) or coating (688 MPa) alone. The combined acid/coating treatment was demonstrated to maintain fiber properties for at least 14 days, although the amount of polydopamine coating was observed to decrease over this period. The approach reported here is of importance as it offers the required step change in degradation performance that is needed for PGF‐reinforced degradable composites.