bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making cheese with caprifig sap in Apulia, Italy: possible rebirth of an ancient tradition
Authors: Faccia Michele , Apruzzese Daniele , Passaro Pierluigi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and objectives
Making cheese by coagulating milk with extracts or parts of plants is a tradition of many countries facing the Mediterranean basin. Such cheeses were historically produced from sheep and goat milk and represent an important cultural heritage. In the European Union (EU), nowadays, their production is allowed only after legal validation of the manufacturing process under the hygienic point of view. Unfortunately, validation has been possible only for a few Protected Designation of Origin cheeses, but other dairy products exist for which it has not been carried out. It is the case of the caprifig sap cheeses produced in the “Murgia” highplain, Apulia region, Southern Italy. In this rural marginal area, three cheeses have been historically made by this coagulant: milk sap ricotta, Pampanella, and Cacioricotta. Due to the above legal concerns, they have become very rare and, if no action is taken, they will disappear very soon. The main purpose of the present work was to make a survey about the status of preservation of their processing methods and to document them before it is too late. A second aim was to perform a first summary investigation about their safety and compositional and sensory characteristics.

Methods
A series of face-to-face interviews was conducted to owners and cheesemakers of sheep and goat farms laying in the Murgia Hills territory. Cheese samples were prepared at three different rural dairies and subjected to chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses.

Results and conclusions
The survey confirmed that caprifig sap cheeses are still occasionally produced for family consumption, mainly from goat milk in the southern part of the highplain. They have the common characteristic of deriving from milk subjected to strong heat treatment and containing both casein and whey proteins. The manufacturing procedures were observed, and two different methods of preparing and using caprifig sap were documented. The cheesemaking process was analyzed and discussed under a technological point of view, and geo-sociological connections were hypothesized. The three cheeses presented significant sensory differences and proved to potentially match the EU hygienic standards if the post-vat operations are performed under correct conditions. Overall, the study gave a contribution for the hygienic validation of the manufacturing process in view of a possible rebirth.
US Growth Hormone Use in the Idiopathic Short Stature Era: Trends in Insurer Payments and Patient Financial Burden
Authors: Grimberg Adda , Kanter Genevieve P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate trends in prevalence and expenditures of growth hormone (GH) use by US youth in the last 15 years, a period during which the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved GH treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS), and insurers imposed greater barriers to GH treatment reimbursements.

Design
With the use of 2001 to 2016 OptumInsight commercial claims data, we analyzed trends in claims of GH drugs among beneficiaries aged 0 to 18 years (n = 38,857 beneficiaries receiving GH). Outcome measures included annual prevalence of GH claims and annual total insurer and total patient payments for GH claims. t Tests were used for linear time trends in outcomes. The percentage of beneficiaries switching GH brands also was calculated.

Results
The number of members with GH claims per 10,000 beneficiaries under age 18 rose steadily from 5.1 in 2001 to 14.6 in 2016, without a dramatic change around 2003, the ISS approval date. Mean total GH expenditures decreased (−26% in constant dollars), as did the estimated insurance paid amount (−28%). However, mean total patient spending increased by 163%. Beneficiaries switching GH brands in the year ranged from 1.4% to 3.6% in 2001 to 2007 and from 5.1% to 8.8% after, with 25.6% switching in 2009 and 13.9% switching in 2015.

Conclusions
The FDA ISS approval was not a watershed event in the steady increase in GH use by US youth. Progressive restrictions on coverage and formulary preference coverage strategies appear to have succeeded in lowering total expenditures and insurer burden of GH treatment per beneficiary. However, those savings were not passed on to patients who bore greater burdens financially and from brand switches.
Case Report: Photo-activated oral disinfection in regenerative endodontics
Authors: Abdel Hafiz Abdel Rahim Al-Shaimaa , Abdelgawad Fatma , Abd Alsamed Ahmed M. , Moheb Dalia Mohamed , Wahab El-Dokky Norhan Abdel 
Published: August 2019

Background: Root canal disinfection is considered critical for achieving successful regenerative endodontic procedures. Photo-activated oral disinfection is a novel disinfection method that can help to achieve the goal of regenerative endodontics. This article reports the clinical and radiographic results after single visit regenerative endodontics using photo-activated oral disinfection. Methods: An 8.5-year-old girl complained of fractured upper right central incisor. Pulp necrosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. The root canal was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%) followed by saline. Then, the canal was dried with paper points. A combination of a photosensitizer solution and low power laser light were applied. EDTA solution was used as a final irrigant. Bleeding was induced, followed by placement of collagen resorbable matrix and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Two days later, the tooth was sealed and restored with permanent filling. Results: Clinical findings revealed no pain on percussion or palpation tests. Radiographic examination revealed an increase in root length, an increase of apical root thickness and apical closure at the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontics using photo-activated oral disinfection achieved successful outcomes in the necrotic immature permanent tooth.
On the Hölder continuity for a class of vectorial problems
Authors: Cupini Giovanni , Focardi Matteo , Leonetti Francesco , Mascolo Elvira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper we prove local Hölder continuity of vectorial local minimizers of special classes of integral functionals with rank-one and polyconvex integrands. The energy densities satisfy suitable structure assumptions and may have neither radial nor quasi-diagonal structure. The regularity of minimizers is obtained by proving that each component stays in a suitable De Giorgi class and, from this, we conclude about the Hölder continuity. In the final section, we provide some non-trivial applications of our results.
Quasi-overlapping Semi-discrete Schwarz Waveform Relaxation Algorithms: The Hyperbolic Problem
Authors: Al-Khaleel Mohammad , Wu Shu-Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Schwarz waveform relaxation (SWR) algorithms have many favorable properties and are extensively studied and investigated for solving time dependent problems mainly at a continuous level.
In this paper, we consider a semi-discrete level analysis and we investigate the convergence behavior of what so-called semi-discrete SWR algorithms combined with discrete transmission conditions instead of the continuous ones.
We shall target here the hyperbolic problems but not the parabolic problems that are usually considered by most of the researchers in general when investigating the properties of the SWR methods.
We first present the classical overlapping semi-discrete SWR algorithms with different partitioning choices and show that they converge very slow. We then introduce optimal, optimized, and quasi optimized overlapping semi-discrete SWR algorithms using new transmission conditions also with different partitioning choices. We show that the new algorithms lead to a much better convergence through using discrete transmission conditions associated with the optimized SWR algorithms at the semi-discrete level. In the performed semi-discrete level analysis, we also demonstrate the fact that as the ratio between the overlap size and the spatial discretization size gets bigger, the convergence factor gets smaller which results in a better convergence.
Numerical results and experiments are presented in order to confirm the theoretical aspects of the proposed algorithms and providing an evidence of their usefulness and their accuracy.
Diee-Apokope der femininen Singularflexion in westoberdeutschen Drucken vom 16. bis 18. Jh.
Authors: Wiedmann Carolin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZur Frage der Realisierung oberdeutscher Schriftvarianten in gedruckten Texten wurden bereits einige Untersuchungen durchgeführt, allerdings konzentrierte sich das Interesse dabei vorrangig auf das ostoberdeutsche Sprachgebiet. In Bezug auf ihre Setzung im westoberdeutschen Sprachraum existieren noch keine Untersuchungen. Die vorliegende Analyse zur oberdeutschene-Apokope in der femininen Singularflexion gibt exemplarisch Aufschluss über dieses Forschungsdesiderat. Die Realisierung dere-Apokope bei Feminina wurde im Zeitraum von 1525 bis 1775 an Texten erforscht, die aus den westoberdeutschen Druckerzentren stammen, genauer aus Augsburg, Tübingen, Straßburg, Freiburg und Basel. Die Gesamtwerte der Druckorte des westoberdeutschen Sprachraums bestätigen die Ergebnisse des ostoberdeutschen, indem diee-Apokope bis 1700 ebenfalls die frequenteste Variante darstellt. Allerdings ergeben sich auch Unterschiede, die zum einen in der Beteiligung des aus dem Mittelhochdeutschen bewahrten, schwachen-(e)n-Flexivs am westoberdeutschen Variantenspektrum begründet liegen, zum anderen in Unterschieden innerhalb der westoberdeutschen Druckerzentren, die in differente politisch-konfessionelle Kontexte eingebunden sind.
Satzinterne Großschreibung diachron-kontrastiv
Authors: Nowak Jessica 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht erstmals die Diachronie der satzinternen Großschreibung im Sprachvergleich: Hierzu werden exemplarisch englische und niederländische Bibeldrucke zwischen 1500 und 1750 analysiert und die Ergebnisse mit der Entwicklung im Deutschen kontrastiert. Trotz gemeinsamer Entwicklungslinien überwiegen insgesamt die Unterschiede im Ausprägungsgrad des Majuskelgebrauchs: Während englische Bibeldrucke im gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum kaum über eine pragmatisch motivierte Majuskelschreibung hinausgehen, weist das Niederländische zumindest eine temporäre, v. a. vom Konkretheitsgrad der bezeichneten Entitäten abhängige Großschreibungstendenz auf, die jedoch in Ausmaß und Konsequenz weit hinter der des Deutschen stehen bleibt.
Die historische Entwicklung der Kasusrektion von Sekundärpräpositionen
Authors: Vieregge Annika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDer Beitrag widmet sich einer diachronen Korpusuntersuchung zur Kasusrektion von Sekundärpräpositionen im Deutschen Textarchiv (DTA) und im DWDS-Kernkorpus über den Zeitraum von 1497 bis 1999. Untersucht werden exemplarisch die denominalen Präpositionendankundlautsowie die deverbalen Präpositionenwährendundentsprechend. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die bisherigen Erklärungsansätze für die beobachteten Entwicklungstendenzen zu kurz greifen: Ein einheitliches Bild ergibt sich bei der Entwicklung der hier untersuchten Präpositionen nicht. Für die Hypothese, der Wechsel der Kasusrektion werde zur Differenzierung vom Spenderlexem genutzt (Di Meola 2006), sprechen zwar die Entwicklung vonlautzur Dativrektion und der Übergang vondankzur Genitivrektion, dagegen spricht allerdings, dass die ursprüngliche Genitivpräpositionwährendihre Rektion recht lange und stabil beibehält.
Wortbildungswandel im frühen Deutsch
Authors: Schwarz Christian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Im Unterschied zu den jüngeren Epochen der deutschen Sprachgeschichte seit mittelhochdeutscher Zeit sind die ersten Jahrhunderte bis zum Mittelhochdeutschen in Bezug auf die Wortbildung kaum aus einer diachronen Perspektive untersucht worden. Die bestehenden Arbeiten widmen sich größtenteils synchronen Zuständen des Wortbildungssystems im Alt- oder Mittelhochdeutschen. In meinem Beitrag möchte ich erste Ergebnisse eines Vergleichs zwischen dem „Referenzkorpus Altdeutsch“ und dem seit 2017 online verfügbaren „Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch“ vorstellen und damit Möglichkeiten der Modellierung von Wortbildungswandel innerhalb einer z. T. trümmerartigen Sprachperiode aufzeigen. Der Fokus liegt im Bereich der Abstraktbildungen (wie z. B. in salb-idha ‚Salbung‘, irpolgan-nussi ‚Aufregung‘) und konzentriert sich zudem auf die Entwicklung der drei häufigsten Ableitungssuffixe ‑ida/‑ede, ‑nissa/‑nisse und ‑unga/‑unge. Konkret wird auf der Grundlage der in den beiden Korpora verfügbaren Ableitungssuffixe der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich diese in der Frühzeit des Deutschen insgesamt entwickelt haben und welche Konkurrenzen sich zwischen ihnen zeigen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine konstante Zunahme der ‑unga/‑unge-Bildungen hin, die jedoch vielmehr auf Kosten von ‑nissa/‑nisse als von ‑ida/‑ede geht. Für ‑ida/‑ede-Bildungen kann gezeigt werden, dass sie im Hinblick auf die Faktoren Geographie (Dialekt) und Genre (Prosa/Vers) einen Schwerpunkt im alemannischen Vers-Bereich aufweisen und hier vom Alt- zum Mittelhochdeutschen deutlich zunehmen.
Linguistisch annotierte historische Texte stilistisch auswerten
Authors: Resch Claudia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAusgehend von der These, dass korpuslinguistische Methoden dazu geeignet sind, musterhaft vorkommende Reguläritäten in Texten zu erkennen, wird in dieser Untersuchung geprüft, welchen Beitrag digitale Werkzeuge in der historischen Stilistik leisten können. Als konkretes Testset dient das linguistisch annotierteAustrian Baroque Corpus, in dessen digital aufbereiteten Texten mit dem ToolSketch Enginegeneralisiert nach spezifischen stilbildenden Elementen in Wortverbindungen gesucht wird. Die automatisch generierten Ergebnisse – syntaktische Muster wie Vergleiche, Wortpaare und Wiederholungserscheinungen – bestätigen die besondere Bedeutung einer sorgfältigen Wortartenannotation und verdeutlichen das Potential von korpusbasierten Methoden und Tools für die historische Stilanalyse.
Stabilizers in EQ-algebras
Authors: Cheng Xiao Yun , Wang Mei , Wang Wei , Wang Jun Tao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to introduce the notion of stabilizers in EQ-algebras and develop stabilizer theory in EQ-algebras. In the paper, we introduce (fuzzy) left and right stabilizers and investigate some related properties of them. Then, we discuss the relations among (fuzzy) stabilizers, (fuzzy) prefilters (filters) and (fuzzy) co-annihilators. Also, we obtain that the set of all prefilters in a good EQ-algebra forms a relative pseudo-complemented lattice, where Str(F, G) is the relative pseudo-complemented of F with respect to G. These results will provide a solid algebraic foundation for the consequence connectives in higher fuzzy logic.
Decriminalizing People Smuggling
Authors: Gerver Mollie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since 2015 millions of migrants have paid smugglers to take them across borders. In response, states have increasingly arrested smugglers, hoping to morally condemn smuggling, and to decrease the rate of inward migration. This article argues that, even if a state is justified in morally condemning smuggling, and justified in decreasing inward migration, arresting smugglers is a disproportionate response for reaching these ends.
Time to compile: A performance installation as human-robot interaction study examining self-evaluation and perceived control
Authors: Cuan Catie , Berl Erin , LaViers Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Embodied art installations embed interactive elements within theatrical contexts and allow participating audience members to experience art in an active, kinesthetic manner. These experiences can exemplify, probe, or question how humans think about objects, each other, and themselves. This paper presents work using installations to explore human perceptions of robot and human capabilities. The paper documents an installation, developed over several months and activated at distinct venues, where user studies were conducted in parallel to a robotic art installation. A set of best practices for successful collection of data over the course of these trials is developed. Results of the studies are presented, giving insight into human opinions of a variety of natural and artificial systems. In particular, after experiencing the art installation, participants were more likely to attribute action of distinct system elements to non-human entities. Post treatment survey responses revealed a direct relationship between predicted difficulty and perceived success. Qualitative responses give insight into viewers’ experiences watching human performers alongside technologies. This work lays a framework for measuring human perceptions of humanoid systems – and factors that influence the perception of whether a natural or artificial agent is controlling a given movement behavior – inside robotic art installations.
Acoustic absorption measurement for the determination of the volume viscosity of pure fluids / Messverfahren für die akustischen Absorption zur Bestimmung der Volumenviskosität reiner Fluide
Authors: Claes Leander , Hülskämper Lars Moritz , Baumhögger Elmar , Feldmann Nadine , Spencer Chatwell René , Vrabec Jadran , Henning Bernd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A realistic description of fluid mechanical and acoustic processes requires the volume viscosity of the medium to be known. This work describes how the volume viscosity of pure fluids can be determined by measuring acoustic absorption with the pulse-echo method. The challenge in realizing such a measurement method lies in the separation of the different dissipative effects that superimpose on absorption. Diffraction effects ultimately cause a dissipation of acoustic energy and acoustic reflector surfaces have a small, but finite transmission coefficient. Further, influences of the transducer (in particular its frequency response), as well as the system’s electrical components have to be taken into account. In contrast to the classical approach relying on the amplitude ratio, the absorption is determined by the moments of the amplitude spectrum. The measurement system applied is originally designed for precision measurements of the sound velocity by means of the propagation time difference of two acoustic signals.
Onlinefähige Signalauswertung für spektraloptische Sensoren mit einer Doppelphotodiode / Online-capable signal processing for spectral-optical sensors using a double-layered photodiode
Authors: Wuchrer Roland , Härtling Thomas , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Spektraloptische Sensorik erfasst sowohl physikalische als auch (bio-)chemische Messgrosen auf der Grundlage von deĄnierten spektralen Eigenschaftsanderungen des Messwandlers. In diesem Beitrag wird dafur eine Signalauswertung mit einer Doppelphotodiode (DPD) vorgestellt, die durch ihren Stapelaufbau aus zwei unterschiedlich spektralempfindlichen Photodiodenschichten gleichzeitig spektralselektives Element und Detektor ist. Statt wie bisher die spektrale Information aus einem Spektrum zu extrahieren, wird der Schwerpunkt der spektralen Gesamtverteilung anhand des gemessenen Verhaltnisses der beiden wellenlangenabhangigen Photostrome echtzeitfahig ausgewertet. Die Leistungsfahigkeit der DPD wird anhand von OberĆachentemperaturmessungen mit dem Leuchtstoff NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+demonstriert. Es zeigt sich, dass mit einer Integrator-basierten Auswerteelektronik eine max. Messabweichung der Schwerpunktwellenlange von 0,1 nm erreicht werden kann. Die onlinefahige Signalverarbeitung und kompakte Baugrose der Doppelphotodiode befordert die vor-Ort-Eignung spektraloptischer Sensoren fur die Prozessindustrie, das Umweltmonitoring und viele andere Bereiche.
Development of a hybrid vibration converter for real vibration source / Entwicklung eines Hybrid-Vibrationswandlers für eine echte Schwingungsquelle
Authors: Bradai Sonia , Naifar Slim , Kanoun Olfa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Harvesting energy from ambient vibration sources is challenging due to its low characteristic amplitude and frequencies. In this purpose, this work presents a compact hybrid vibration converter based on electromagnetic and magnetoelectric principles working for a frequency bandwidth and under real vibration source properties. The combination of especially these two principles is mainly due to the fact that both converters can use the same changes of the magnetic field for energy harvesting. The converter was investigated using finite element analysis and validated experimentally. Results have shown that a frequency bandwidth up to 12 Hz with a characteristic resonant frequency at 24 Hz and a power density of 0.11mW/cm3 can be reached.
Uncertainty comparison of velocity estimators for ultrasound flow imaging in narrow channels / Messunsicherheitsvergleich von Geschwindigkeitsschätzern der Ultraschallströmungsbildgebung in schmalen Kanälen
Authors: Weik David , Kupsch Christian , Nauber Richard , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ultrasound Imaging with a linear phased array allows measuring turbulent vector profiles in two dimension with two components (2D2C). This is interesting in narrow channels for the application in battery cells or research in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), where the access to the opaque fluid is often restricted. There are two main velocity estimation methods applicable: the Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) or the Ultrasound Image Velocimetry (UIV). In this work, these methods were evaluated by their attainable measurement uncertainty for the application in narrow channels, where the acquisition of the lateral velocity component is crucial. With a calibration rig, UIV could achieve a total measurement uncertainty of 9.9% and UDV 17.6%. As UIV reaches a 44% lower measurement uncertainty, it is the preferential method to measure lateral flows in narrow channels. In future work, the calibration rig will be adapted to optimize and characterize the flow instrumentation in opaque liquid metals.
Ortsaufgelöste spektrale Entmischung mit Hilfe von konvolutionalen neuronalen Netzen / Spatially resolved spectral unmixing using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Anastasiadis Johannes , Puente León Fernando 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein modellfreier Ansatz, basierend auf einem konvolutionalen neuronalen Netz, für die spektrale Entmischung von Hyperspektralbildern vorgestellt. Dieser wird anhand von Beispieldatensätzen evaluiert und mit Methoden, denen das lineare Mischmodell zugrunde liegt, verglichen. Außerdem werden Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, wie die physikalische Interpretierbarkeit der geschätzten Materialanteile gewährleistet werden kann. Bei dem hier vorgestellten Ansatz geschieht dies durch Ausgangsschichten, die erzwingen, dass die geschätzten Materialanteile alle positiv sind und in der Summe eins ergeben.