bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ РЕЧЕВЫМИ КОНФЛИКТАМИ, В ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ КИЕВСКОЙ РУСИ И ПЕРИОДА ФЕОДАЛЬНОЙ РАЗДРОБЛЕННОСТИ
Authors: Snigirev Alexey 
Published: April 2019

Понятийно-терминологический аппарат русского права в области правонарушений, связанных с речевыми конфликтами, проходил через многочисленные этапы формирования и переосмысления. На данном первичном этапе формирования нормативно-правовой базы сложно ожидать тех понятий и терминов, которые мы встречаем в современном законодательстве, характерного для гражданского и правового общества. Понятия и термины не имеют еще строгих дефиниций, зачастую интерпретации одного и того же понятия в контексте могут не только различаться, но и в чем-то противоречить друг другу. Однако анализ позволил сделать следующие выводы:
- начинает формироваться и юридически закрепляться понимание нематериальных прав лица, когда ущерб может быть нанесен не только физический, но и моральный, что находит свое отражение в понятии «бесчестие»;
- возникают и закрепляются виды нанесения ущерба нематериальным правам лица, среди которых основное место занимают те или иные виды «оскорбления действием», но уже начинает формироваться осознание правонарушений, совершаемых посредством употребления языковых единиц;
- основным видим правонарушения, связанным с речевыми конфликтами, становится «клевета», то есть формируется понимание денотативного и сигнификативного пространства, объективной и субъективной реальности и ответственности за высказывания, не несущие в себе фиксацию объектов и ситуаций реальной действительности, но претендующие на это.
"СХОДСТВО ДО СТЕПЕНИ СМЕШЕНИЯ": ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Doronina Svetlana 
Published: April 2019

Работа посвящена описанию семиотических механизмов создания товарных знаков, сходных друг с другом до степени смешения. Осуществляется поиск корреляций с правовым понятием «сходство до степени смешения» в области коммуникативистики. Сходными до степени смешения, в первую очередь, признаются знаки, которые вводят потребителя в заблуждение относительно происхождения товаров. В комбинированных товарных знаках сходство целесообразно определять с учетом различных компонентов структуры и аспектов функционирования знака. Товарные знаки, обладающие формально-семантическим сходством, можно считать паронимами – в процессе их функционирования в речи происходит мотивированная подмена одного наименования другим. Другие товарные знаки вступают в отношения парономасии, так как они схожи друг с другом только графически и фонетически. В работе подвергаются классификации языковые приемы создания товарных знаков, сходных до степени смешения. Результаты воздействия представленных приемов, по нашему мнению, не тождественны, и их измерение требует экспериментального исследования
Overlap Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis: An Uncommon Association With Unusual Features
Authors: Ray Gautam 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The author presents a rare case of overlap syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis in the absence of acetylcholine receptor antibody and thymoma. Various liver autoantibodies developed at different times later in the disease course and myasthenia occurred 5 years after the diagnosis of liver disease. The importance of repeating antibody panel later in the disease course for proper diagnosis and timely treatment is highlighted. The exact mechanism of the development of myasthenia gravis in autoimmune liver disease also needs investigation for the possibility of new drug development that might be beneficial to both.
Nonsurgical Management of an Embedded Metal Clip in Sigmoid Colon Causing Perforation and Abscess
Authors: Gollol-Raju Narasimha Swamy , Jampala Nannaya , Khalid Hamza , Mudireddy Prashant 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Intentional ingestion of foreign objects is common in incarcerated individuals. Ingested foreign objects can lead to serious complications. Surgical treatment is considered mandatory once complications such as bowel perforation and abscess develop. We report an incarcerated individual with sigmoid perforation and pelvic abscess related to an ingested foreign object that was managed nonsurgically.
Senna Occidentalis Poisoning: An Uncommon Cause of Liver Failure
Authors: Ish Pranav , Rathi Sahaj , Singh Harpreet , Anuradha S. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Senna is a commonly found weed used in traditional systems of medicine, often as a laxative. Senna poisoning is rarely reported, and its potential for toxicity greatly underestimated. Clinical presentation mimics acute liver failure, which is very difficult to attribute to this seemingly innocuous agent. We report an unusual case of an elderly woman who presented with a hepatoencephalopathic syndrome after ingestion of Senna occidentalis and elucidate the multisystem pathophysiology of this rapidly evolving disease. Most importantly, we attempt to provide some perspective on how this knowledge from the East can help prevent severe consequences in the West.
A Rare Case of Systemic Adult Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Doherty Bryan , Palmer William , Cvinar Jessica , Sadek Nora 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an uncommon presentation of cholecystitis accounting for 10% of cases. AAC is caused by a localized ischemic event in the gallbladder usually in critically ill patients. Several cases of localized or systemic lymphoma have been described in the literature as causes of AAC. We present a patient with a rare case of AAC due to undiagnosed systemic Burkitt lymphoma. Pathology of the gallbladder revealed Burkitt lymphoma with analysis of his cerebral spinal fluid confirming Stage IV disease. This case report reviews acute acalculous cholecystitis, lymphomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic duct, and adult Burkitt lymphoma.
Distal Ileal Ulcers as Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Kantamaneni Vamsi , Gurram Krishna , Khehra Raman , Koneru Gopala , Kulkarni Abhijit 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a neoplastic disorder of the B-cell lymphoid system. A 69-year-old man with WM presented with diarrhea for 6 months. Magnetic resonance enterography showed thickening of the terminal ileum (TI). Colonosocopy with TI intubation showed a single TI ulcer, and small bowel enteroscopy revealed multiple ulcers in the TI. Biopsies from both were negative on hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunoglobulin M immunofluorescence staining of the ulcers was positive for IgM deposits consistent with WM. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy with bendamustine and rituximab, symptoms resolved.
Sarcopenia Is Associated With Development of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Receiving Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Clees Caroline , Pigliacelli Alessandra , Fischer Stefan , Jansen Christian , Lehmann Jennifer , Pohlmann Alessandra , Lattanzi Barbara , Krabbe Viktoria Katharina , Strassburg Christian P. , Arroyo Vicente , Merli Manuela , Meyer Carsten , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: April 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Muscle mass has been shown to be a prognostic marker in patients with liver cirrhosis. Transversal psoas muscle thickness normalized by height (TPMT/height) obtained by routine computed tomography is a simple surrogate parameter for sarcopenia. TPMT/height, however, is not sex specific, which might play a role in risk stratification. Its association with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has not been established yet. ACLF is associated with systemic inflammatory dysregulation. This study aimed at evaluating the role of sarcopenia in ACLF development of patients with decompensated cirrhosis receiving transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using sex-specific TPMT/height.

METHODS:
One hundred eighty-six patients from the prospective Non-invasive Evaluation Program for TIPS and Follow Up Network cohort (observational, real-world TIPS cohort with structured follow-up) were analyzed. TPMT/height was measured from routine computed tomography. The sex-specific cutoff was determined to classify patients as sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic for 1-year mortality after TIPS. Clinical outcome was compared. Primary end points were ACLF and 1-year mortality after TIPS. Secondary end points were development of decompensations (hepatic encephalopathy and ascites) after TIPS.

RESULTS:
The sex-specific cutoff increases the diagnostic accuracy with regard to primary and secondary end points compared with the unisex cutoff. Sex-specific sarcopenia classification is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality and ACLF development in patients with cirrhosis receiving TIPS. Patients in the sarcopenia group showed significantly higher rates of mortality, ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, and ACLF after TIPS compared with the nonsarcopenia group. The Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation score as a marker of systemic inflammation was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates for the first time that sarcopenia is related to ACLF development and systemic inflammation. The prognostic value of TPMT/height can be improved by using sex-specific cutoffs. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03584204.
Dynamics of extracellular matrix proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and their relation to clinical outcome in human traumatic brain injury
Authors: Minta Karolina , Cullen Nicholas C. , Nimer Faiez Al , Thelin Eric P. , Piehl Fredrik , Clarin Marcus , Tullberg Mats , Jeppsson Anna , Portelius Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Andreasson Ulf 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix proteins present in brain that show increased expression in experimental animal models of brain injury. However, little is known about the dynamics of these proteins in human body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims of this study were to investigate if matrix proteins in CSF and serum are associated with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury, if their concentrations change over time and to compare their levels between brain injured patients to controls.

Methods
In total, 42 traumatic brain injury patients, nine healthy controls and a contrast group consisting of 38 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the concentrations of proteins.

Results
Increased concentrations of brevican, tenascin-C and tenascin-R in CSF correlated with unfavourable outcome, with stronger outcome prediction ability compared to other biomarkers of brain tissue injury. CSF brevican, tenascin-R and serum neurocan gradually decreased with time (p = 0.04, p = 0.008, p = 0.005, respectively), while serum tenascin-C (p = 0.01) increased. CSF concentrations of brevican, neurocan and tenascin-R (only in time point 3) after TBI were lower than in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0008, respectively). In serum, tenascin-C concentration was higher and neurocan lower compared to healthy controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0009).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that levels of extracellular matrix proteins are associated with clinical outcome following TBI and may act as markers for different pathophysiology than currently used protein biomarkers.
An analytical nonlinear morphing model for corrugated laminates
Authors: Kress G.R. , Filipovic D.T. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper contributes an analytical nonlinear morphing model for high-amplitude corrugated thinwalled laminates of arbitrary stack-up with a corrugation shape composed of circular sections. The model describes large deformations, the nonlinear relation between line force and global stretch, and the distribution of local line loads. The quarter-unit-cell approach together with assuming small material strains and a plane strain situation contribute to the model’s simplicity. It is explained how the solution procedure minimizes the force and moment residual of the equilibrium of cutting and reaction line loads by using Newton’s optimization method. Deformation results are verified by comparison with FEM simulation. The effects of laminate design and corrugation amplitude on deformations, line-force-stretch diagrams, and bending-curvature-stretch diagrams are presented and discussed.
A Non-conforming Saddle Point Least Squares Approach for an Elliptic Interface Problem
Authors: Bacuta Constantin , Jacavage Jacob 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a non-conforming least squares method for approximating solutions of second-order elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients.
The method is based on a general Saddle Point Least Squares (SPLS) method introduced in previous work based on conforming discrete spaces.
The SPLS method has the advantage that a discrete inf-sup condition is automatically satisfied for standard choices of test and trial spaces.
We explore the SPLS method for non-conforming finite element trial spaces which allow higher-order approximation of the fluxes.
For the proposed iterative solvers, inversion at each step requires bases only for the test spaces.
We focus on using projection trial spaces with local projections that are easy to compute.
The choice of the local projections for the trial space can be combined with classical gradient recovery techniques to lead to quasi-optimal approximations of the global flux.
Numerical results for 2D and 3D domains are included to support the proposed method.
Enhanced PID Controller for Non-Minimum Phase Second Order Plus Time Delay System
Authors: Patil Purushottam , Sankar Rao C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A tuning method is developed for the stabilization of the non-minimum phase second order plus time delay systems. It is well known that the presence of positive zeros pose fundamental limitations on the achievable control performance. In the present method, the coefficients of corresponding powers of s, s2 and s3 in the numerator are equated to α, β and γ times those of the denominator of the closed-loop system. The method gives three simple linear equations to get the PID parameter. The optimal tuning parameters α, β and γ are estimated by minimizing the Integral Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) for servo problem using fminsearch MATLAB solver aimed at providing lower maximum sensitivity function and keeping in check with the stability. The performance under model uncertainty is also analysed considering perturbation in one model parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s theorem. The closed loop performance of the proposed method is compared with the methods reported in the literature. It is observed that the proposed method successfully stabilizes and improves the performance of the uncertain system under consideration. The simulation results of three case studies show that the proposed method provides enhanced performance for the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection with improved time domain specifications.
The Evolution of Immigrants’ Homeownership in Germany
Authors: Ihle Dorothee , Siebert-Meyerhoff Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently, the homeownership rate of immigrants in Germany has increased by more than 20 percentage points. To shed light on this sharp rise, this paper investigates the driving forces of the trend in the homeownership rate of immigrant households in Germany between 1996 to 2005 and 2001 to 2011 using a probit-based non-linear decomposition method. Empirical findings suggest that 50 % of the change in immigrants’ homeownership rate within the first time period can be explained by characteristics such as age and educational attainment. In the second time period, the explanatory power of characteristics is almost zero, indicating that it is rather the favorable economic and institutional environment as well as changes in immigrants’ tenure choice process that contributed to the substantial increase in immigrants’ homeownership rate in Germany. We additionally find that housing quality of immigrant homeowners has slightly improved as well, but that there is still a substantial nativity gap in housing quality among tenants as well as among owners.
Theories, Techniques and the Formation of German Business Cycle Forecasts
Authors: Döpke Jörg , Fritsche Ulrich , Waldhof Gabi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report results of a survey among active forecasters of the German business cycle. Using data for 82 respondents from 37 different institutions, we investigate what models and theories forecasters subscribe to and find that they are pronounced conservative in the sense that they overwhelmingly rely on methods and theories that have been well-established for a long time, while more recent approaches are relatively unimportant for the practice of business cycle forecasting. DSGE models are mostly used in public institutions. In line with findings in the literature there are tendencies of “leaning towards consensus” (especially for public institutions) and “sticky adjustment of forecasts” with regard to new information. A stable relationship between preferred theories and methods and forecast accuracy cannot be established.
Design and Parameter Analysis of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with Different Water Samples
Authors: Vijayakumari P. , Sumathi M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) have recently received considerable attention for both research and commercial use because of their facility to provide a much higher data rate than the traditional acoustic method within comparatively small distances. Many potential application of UWOC systems have been proposed for environmental monitoring, exploration, disaster precaution, and military operations. In all the above mentioned research works, high absorption and scattering of optical transmission in the water limits the benefits of UOWC systems to only few meters. In order to overcome these technical challenges, several new system design approaches proposed. This work is done in salt water. Salt water cannot be used for drinking because it causes dehydration. This paper analysis the performance of the system using different water samples like salt water, turbid water, normal water, etc.
Free Space Optical Communication System under Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Wani Mohammad Yawar , Pathak Hitesh , Kaur Karamjit , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Free space optical communication systems (FSO’s) have surfaced as admired means of communication in the past few years. High speed of operation, low bandwidth requirements and system reliability are the major factors responsible for their wide range of applications. These communication systems use air as a medium of transmission. Since there is no component like fiber or cable, but air is only medium, the variations in atmospheric conditions play a vital role in performance of these networks. The reason behind is that the conditions like presence of humidity, haze, snowfall, rain, dust or smoke changes the attenuation coefficient of medium. The raised attenuation levels results in increased losses and need to be carefully monitored. The present work analyzes the influence of rain on the performance of FSO network in terms of quality of transmission. The paper discusses the impact of rainfall on attenuation coefficient of air. Then impact of this attenuation on network transmission is presented in terms of BER and Q-factor. In order to demonstrate the impact, BER and Q-value is calculated for 10 Gbps FSO link for clear weather and rainfall conditions.
Effects of light touch on balance in patients with stroke
Authors: In Tae-sung , Jung Jin-Hwa , Jang Sang-hun , Kim Kyung-hun , Jung Kyoung-sim , Cho Hwi-young 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Light touch is the combination of cutaneous and kinesthetic inputs. The literature suggests that light touch compensates for a reduced amount of center of pressure information in older peoples, blind subjects and patients with neurological disorder. This study investigated the effects of light touch applied to an external bar, on the postural sway in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. We used a cross sectional study, fifteen individuals with stroke and 15 healthy age-matched adults stood as still as possible on a force plate. Experimental trials (duration, 30 s) included two visual conditions (open eyes and closed eyes), two somatosensory conditions (no touch and light touch) and two support surface conditions (firm and foam surfaces). The area of center of pressure (COP) and the mean velocity of COP in the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions were assessed. For both groups, COP velocity and area decreased with light touch regardless of the visual or surface conditions. The effects of light touch were similar in both groups. In addition, results show that the effectiveness of light touch in reducing postural sway was greater on a foam surface than on a firm surface. Our findings indicate that light touch could be beneficial in postural control for individuals with hemi-paretic stroke
Antioxidant Properties, Sensory Evaluation and Mineral Content of Cardaba Banana and Plantain Flours
Authors: Taiwo Babalola R. , Kehinde Taiwo A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnripe cardaba banana and plantain slices were processed into flour. The effects of treatment (blanching/unblanched) and drying method (sun, 50ºC and 70ºC) were recorded. The antioxidant properties of the flour samples, sensory evaluation and minerals content were all determined. DPPH, TPC, FRAP and Metal chelating abilities were higher in cardaba flour (89.77 to 99.18%, 15.00 to 46.00 μgGAE/100g, 0.28 to 0.69 AAEμg/g and 38.90 to 96.53%) than in plantain (91.32 to 98.17%, 10.00 to 34.00 μgGAE/100g, 0.28 to 0.52 AAEμg/g and 33.71 to 94.98%) samples. Calcium, zinc and phosphorus were lower in cardaba banana flour compared to plantain flour. In overall acceptability, amala (a traditional South-western Nigerian meal) from blanched and unblanched cardaba banana flour was preferred to amala from blanched and unblanched plantain flour. Amala from oven-dried samples was considered better than sun-dried samples.
Evolution of Dirac Cone in Disclinated Graphene
Authors: Rozhkov M.A. , Kolesnikova A.L. , Hussainova I. , Kaliteevskii M.A. , Orlova T.S. , Smirnov Yu.Yu. , Yasnikov I.S. , Zhigilei L.V. , Bougrov V.E. , Romanov A.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Graphene crystals, containing arrays of disclination defects, are modeled and their energies are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique. Two cases are analyzed in details: (i) pseudo-graphenes, which contain the alternating sign disclination ensembles and (ii) graphene with periodic distribution of disclination quadrupoles. Electronic band structures of disclinated graphene crystals are calculated in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approach. The evolution of the Dirac cone and magnitude of band gap in the band structure reveal a dependence on the density of disclination quadrupoles and alternating sign disclinations. The electronic properties of graphene with disclination ensembles are discussed.