bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and thematic analysis of Shakespeare’s sonnets 153 and 154 with their Turkish translations
Authors: KULELİ Mesut 
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the
structural features of sonnets 153 and 154 of Shakespeare based on the source
texts in order to find out to what extent these two sonnets relate to or differ
from the other 152 sonnets by Shakespeare as well as analyze six Turkish
translations of these two sonnets by different translators to find how
consistently the target texts relate to or differ from mainstream Shakespearean
sonnet opinion as compared to the situation with source texts in terms of
structure and theme. These two sonnets are ascribed to Shakespeare; however,
there is ongoing debate on whether the origin of these two sonnets can really
be attributed to Shakespeare. Structural analysis of the source texts showed
that these two 14-line sonnets were written in a rhyme schema that is in
accordance with mainstream Shakespearean sonnet rhyme schema, which keeps these
sonnets away from doubts regarding their origin from Shakespeare. In three
target texts of sonnet 153, the rhyme schema of Shakespeare was preserved while
no rhyme schema was adopted in the other three target texts, in which there is
no rhyme system for any of the sonnets, therefore the target texts also kept
the doubts regarding the origin of this sonnet away. With respect to the sonnet
154, another 14-line sonnet, the rhyming structure of this sonnet also complied
with other sonnets by Shakespeare. Two target texts also showed the same
tendency, thereby providing a smooth reading of the sonnet without raising any
doubts about its origin. However, TT1, TT3, TT5 and TT6 were not in line with
the general rhyme schema of sonnet by Shakespeare. Structurally, the readings
of sonnets 153 and 154 did not raise any doubts regarding their origin either
in the source text or the target texts. Thematic analysis of both sonnets not
only in the source texts but also in the target texts showed that these two
sonnets do not relate to the rest 152 sonnets by Shakespeare thematically, and
that these two sonnets are very much alike theme-wise. Regarding the thematic
flow of quatrains and couplet in Shakespearean sonnets, the couplet in source
text of sonnet 153 was in stark contrast with generally admitted Shakespearean
sonnet thematic flows while there was no deviation from mainstream flow in the
source text of sonnet 154. However, the target texts of sonnet 154 do not
preserve this normality in thematic flow in quatrains and couplets, which could
raise doubts in the target text readers about the origin of this sonnet.&nbsp;
Die patriarchalische Rollenverteilung in Birgit Vanderbekes Erzählung Das Muschelessen
Authors: NÜZKET ÖZEN Neriman 
Published: June 2019

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der
patriarchalischen Rollenverteilung der Figuren und mit den charakteristischen
Merkmalen, die zu der Konstruktion der Geschlechterrollen führen. Um die
Analyse und Aufweisung der Figuren zeigt sich die Gender Studies als hilfreich.
Der Roman handelt vom Leben einer Familie, die kurz vor dem Mauerbau nach
Westen umzieht. In dem Roman kann der Leser Parallelen zum Leben der Autorin
erschlieβen, aber die Autorin verneint in ihren Aussagen jede biografische
Ähnlichkeit. Sie schildert ein Familienleben unter dem Schatten der
Machtverhältnisse und patriarchalischen Rollen der ehemaligen DDR. Die
individuelle Freiheit und die neuen Umstände im alltäglichen Leben und Beruf im
Westen sind neu für die Familienmitglieder. Dazu kommen noch die Vorurteile der
Menschen in dieser neuen Welt und dies alles übt einen groβen Druck aus. Obwohl
die Familie aus den Machtverhältnissen der DDR geflohen ist, ist nun der Vater
die Macht und Gewalt ausübende Hauptfigur, der den Rest der Familie
tyrannisiert. Die Tochter beschreibt als Ich-Erzählerin die familiäre Verhältnisse
im Monolog ausführlich, aber sie vermeidet eine explizite Äuβerung zu den
Gewalttätigkeiten des Familienoberhauptes. Einen offenen Widerstand gegen die
Unterdrückung zeigt weder die Mutter, noch der Sohn oder die Tochter.
Vanderbeke konstruiert als Vater eine literarische Figur, die Angst und
Erschrecken nicht auf provozierender Art, sondern mit Regeln,
Familienrituellen, Erwartungen und impliziten Verboten verbreitet. Die
Abrechnung mit dem Vater findet in seiner Abwesenheit statt. Zum ersten Mal
sprechen die restlichen Familienmitglieder sich aus, ohne die Angst zu spüren,
dass der Vater sie bestrafen wird. Und dies wird der Anfang der Auflösung einer
‘Scheinfamilie’.&nbsp;
Miheil Cavahişvili’nin “Lambalo ve Kaşa” romanındaki Türkçe kelime ve ifadelerin incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gül Mükerrem 
Published: June 2019

18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Kafkas halkları arasında
Gürcistan’ın kültürel bir ülke olarak benimsenmesi ve bu dönemde edebiyat
uğraşlarının daha çeşitli ve güçlü olması Azerice, Farsça, Osmanlıca ve Arapça
birçok el yazmalarının bulunması ve yazılması oldukça dikkat çekicidir.
Bulunduğu konumundan dolayı güneydoğuda Azerbaycan Türkleri, güneybatıda
Türkiye Türkleri ile komşu olan Gürcistan’ın dilsel açıdan komşularından
etkilendiği görülmektedir. Buradan hareketle makalemizdeki amaç, Gürcü yazar
Miheil Cavahişvili’nin 1925 yılında Gürcüce yazdığı “Lambalo ve Kaşa” adlı
eseri, Fahrettin Çiloğlu’nun 2018 yılında Türkiye Türkçesine çevirdiği
tercümesi ile karşılaştırılarak söz konusu dil etkileşiminin örneğini ortaya
koymaktır. Makalede ilk olarak Miheil Cavahişvili hakkında biyografik ve edebi
bir değerlendirme yapılmış ve “Lambalo ve Kaşa” adlı eserin içeriği hakkında
bilgi verilmiştir. Urmiye Gölü çevresinde geçen ve Rus Çarlığı’nın din
kardeşliği üzerinden yürüttüğü politikayı ele aldığı eserin Gürcüce orijinali
incelendiğinde Azerbaycan Türkçesine ait kelime ve ifadenin orijinali korunarak
Gürcü alfabesi ile yazıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonrasında aynı inceleme
Çiloğlu’nun tercümesi için yapılmış, söz konusu kelimelerin bir kısmının
günümüz Türkiye Türkçesine çevrildiği görülürken, bir kısmının Azerbaycan
Türkçesi ’de kullanıldığı hali ile muhafaza edildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak
yapılan “Lambalo ve Kaşa”’nın karşılaştırmalı incelemesine dayanarak alfabesi,
dil yapısı ve sisteminde farklıklar olan Türkçe ve Gürcücenin edebi
kullanımlarında ortak kelimelerin mevcudiyetleri belirlenmiş, eserin yazıldığı
dönemde Gürcü edebiyatındaki Türkçe etkisi ortaya koyulmuştur.
INFESTACIÓN POR Pineus strobi Hartig (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) EN UNA RESTAURACIÓN CON DOS ESPECIES DE PINO
Authors: Rubín-Aguirre Azucena , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto , Del-Val Ek 
Published: June 2019

Los herbívoros invertebrados son un factor limitante para la supervivencia de las plantas en condiciones de restauración, pero existen pocos estudios en los que se haya abordado este tema. En un experimento con una duración de cuatro años que se realizó en Michoacán, México con Pinus pseudostrobus y P. montezumae , crecieron, saludablemente hasta 2006, cuando fueron atacados por Pineus strobi (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). En consecuencia se evaluó el efecto de los adélgidos sobre el arbolado. En 2006 la infestación, a pesar de ser grande, no tuvo efectos significativos sobre el crecimiento de ninguna de las dos especies de pinos. En 2007 se realizó un experimento para eliminar a P. strobi mediante la aplicación del insecticida Decis ® y evaluar su efecto sobre los árboles. Durante ese año se midió la infestación de los insectos y el desarrollo de los árboles mensualmente, durante la temporada de crecimiento. Los resultados muestran que el producto aplicado redujo la infestación de P. strobi en Pinus montezumae , pero no en P. pseudostrobus ; además su uso afectó negativamente el incremento en diámetro basal de P. montezumae . Pinus pseudostrobus no fue dañado por el insecticida, ni por los insectos, y los individuos de P. montezumae infestados por Pineus strobi registraron un crecimiento (altura) mayor que los controles en dos años consecutivos (2006 y 2007). La presencia de Pineus strobi en los taxa evaluados tuvo poca relevancia, puesto que no incidió en su crecimiento.
Determinación del mercurio en tejidos vegetales por microPIXE: Aplicación al estudio de la hiperacumulación por Spirodela intermedia (Lemnaceae).
Authors: De La Fournière Emmanuel M. , Vega Nahuel A. , Müller Nahuel A. , Pizarro Ramón A. , Debray Mario E. 
Published: June 2019

Introducción y objetivos: El mercurio (II) acuoso, Hg2+, es todavía un contaminante peligroso ampliamente distribuido. Las estrategias de fitorremediación son ambientalmente amigables y de bajo costo. Con el fin de optimizar estos procesos, se utilizó Spirodela intermedia, una macrófita acuática autóctona, para remover Hg2+ en agua mineral, en condiciones de laboratorio, estudiando la distribución in vivo de mercurio y otros elementos por mapeo barriendo con una microsonda nuclear.M&M: Las exposiciones (concentraciones de Hg2+ de 1 y 10 mg.L-1) duraron al menos 2 semanas. Los parámetros: tasa de captación, factores de bioconcentración (BCFs) de mercurio en raíces y frondes y factores de translocación (TFs) fueron calculados a partir de cuantificaciones de microPIXE con el acelerador Tandar de Buenos Aires.Resultados: S. intermedia puede ser considerado un hiperacumulador. Los más altos BCFs (> 1000 raíces y > 200 frondes) correspondieron a 1 mg.L-1 a las 96 hs. En todos los casos, se constató que TFs < 1, indicando que no ocurre translocación de Hg2+. Se obtuvieron mapas 2D de alta resolución espacial de la distribución elemental in vivo para las diferentes condiciones. Se observó que la distribución de mercurio en frondes es más heterogénea que en raíces. Fue importante la detección de Hg en clorénquima donde sus efectos son más tóxicos. Se analizó una correlación entre la distribución de mercurio y calcio y la relación con respuestas fisiológicas.Conclusiones: La fitorremediación de Hg2+ con S. intermedia es una alternativa conveniente. Por haberse realizado en agua real, el protocolo es escalable.
My bucket list
Authors: Joshi Keshav Das 
Published: June 2019

Son of Ram Das Joshi, Prof Keshav Das Joshi was born at Kathmandu. He completed MBBS on 1968 from Trivandrum Kerela, residency (1970 to 1974) in MS (General Surgery) on 1974 from AIIMS, New Delhi. He served as a registrar on 1975 at Maulana Azad Medical College and training in Clinical Oncology in Tokyo at the National Cancer Hospital) on 1983. He had his training in Plastic Surgery in U.K. 1987 and various periods of training and Observation in Burn & Plastic Surgery in Canada, Belgium, France, Singapore and Switzerland.
Since 2032 he has worked as a general surgeon in Butwal Hospital, Lumbini Anchal, Bheri Anchal Hospital followed by six years in Gandaki Zonal Hospital a total of 10 years. The history of Burns and Plastic surgery services in Nepal was started in Bir hospital. The separate Burns and Plastic surgery unit was established in the year 1998 AD. Dr Keshav Das Joshi, senior consultant plastic surgeon, proposed it. In his endeavor the first organized Burn Unit was established in 2000 A.D. For his contribution to the society he has been felicitated by the government by ‘Gorkha Dakshin Bahu’ Third, ‘Trishaktipatta’ Third, ‘Birendra Aishworya Sewa Padak’ etc to name a few.
He served as the president of Society of Surgeon of Nepal for the period 1999 – 2002. He served as the editor of souvenir of the third International Surgical Conference of SSN on 1994. He had a major role in the establishment of the Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal (JSSN). He served as the chief editor for the period 1998, 1999.
Comparision of ultrasonographic diagnosis with ‘Tzanakis’ Score in acute appendicitis
Authors: Rajbhandari Ashish Prasad , Dhakal Nischal , Koirala Robin , Shrestha Manohar Lal 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute surgical abdominal conditions requiring surgery. Ever since the inflamed appendix was demonstrated in the 1980’s by Ultrasonography, it has been used as an aid to clinically diagnose acute appendicitis. Tzanakis scoring system is a combination of clinical examination, Ultrasonography and inflammatory markers.
Methods: A retrospective non-randomized observational study was conducted from April 2014 to March 2015 on all cases of acute appendicitis, which underwent preoperative ultrasound before appendectomy (open/laparoscopic) at the Department of surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Ultrasound findings and Tzanaki score were compared in the cases. No studies could be found in literature comparing ultrasound diagnosis with Tzanaki score in appendicitis.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasound were 73%, 50%, 95% and 12% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Tzanaki were 87%, 50%, 96% and 23% respectively. Tzanaki score is better than ultrasound alone as a diagnostic test for acute appendicitis.
Conclusion: Tzanaki score is better than ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
3T MR imaging evaluation of perianal fistulas: an initial experience in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Ghanshyam 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Fistula–in–ano is an abnormal perianal tract that connects anal canal to the perianal skin. Improper visualization of primary fistulous tract and the associated abscesses or secondary tracts a r e the causes of recurrence. Earlier imaging modalities like conventional fistulography, endosonography and CT scan have had limited role. Even without endorectal coils, 3T MRI has multi-planar imaging capability and excellent soft tissue differentiation to show perianal anatomy, primary and secondary tracts with associated abscesses in relation to sphincter complex. It provides excellent road map to surgeons for preoperative evaluation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of 3T MR in imaging of perianal fistulas.
Methods: A retrospective study was done among 32 patients who were referred for MR fistulogram for suspected perianal fistula at Jeebanta Advanced Kathmandu Imaging, Durbar Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal. All images and findings were obtained and recorded with the help of Philips Ingenia 3T digital broadband MR scanner. Imaging was performed in oblique coronal and oblique axial plane. MR images were studied and grading system was applied according to the St James’s University Hospital Classification. The data were entered in a performa and was analyzed using IBM SPSS V21.
Results: Male to female ratio was 7:1. According to St. James University Hospital MR Imaging classification of perianal fistulas, most of the patients (25%) had Grade 4 followed by (12.5% each) Grade 0, Grade 1 and Grade 2 and (6.3% each) Grade 3 and Grade 5 fistulas. Mean age was 37.28 years (Std. deviation 11.9). Common internal opening in axial image was found at 5 0’ clock positions (31.3%). Mean length of the fistulous tract was 3.9 cm (Std. deviation 2.3).
Conclusion: Perianal fistulas are more common in males and Grade 4 fistulas are the commonest. MRI is well-tolerated, painless and non-invasive technique and has multiplanar capabilities with excellent tissue differentiation of pelvic muscle along with sphincter complex.
Diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology in central nervous system tumors
Authors: Shrestha Ram Kumar , KC Bibek , Sedain Gopal , Sayami Gita , Shilpakar Sushil , Sharma Mohan Raj , Pradhanang Amit Bahadur , Kafle Prakash , Rajbhandari Binod 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: CNS tumor requires intraoperative decision making regarding the extent of tumor removal. Clinical examination and imaging studies are not sufficient enough to predict the biological behavior of the tumors. Squash cytology is a quick method of evaluation of cytomorphologic features prepared from smear technique and provide the preliminary diagnosis and aid in intraoperative decision making by differentiating neoplastic from non neoplastic and benign from malignant lesions. The aim of this study is compare the diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology to that of histopathological examination.
Methods: This study consists of 36 specimens from both brain and spine subjected to both squash cytology and histopathological evaluation. The squash preparation and histopathological finding were later compared and diagnostic accuracy calculated.
Results: Gliomas are the most common tumor encountered and the accuracy of Squash cytology obtained was 71%. In meningioma, 100% diagnostic accuracy was obtained however, there was limitation in accurately predict the subgroup of tumor by squash cytology alone. Other neoplastic lesions included in this study were Schwannoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma, mixed tumors and others. Overall, the accuracy predicted by squash cytology is found to be 77.8 % in this study.
Conclusion: Squash cytology is rapid and reliable method of tissue diagnosis that aid in intraoperative decision making regarding the extent of Central Nervous System tumor excision
Healing complications of dental extraction performed with and without sterile gloves
Authors: Acharya Sudeep , Joshi Sandhya , Acharya Surendra 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Dental extractions are usually carried out in non-sterile environment using clean non-sterile gloves. However, the use of non-sterile gloves are frequently probed for post surgical socket healing complications. Hence it is necessary to gather clinical proofs to answer this query. The present study aimed to compare healing complications of dental extraction performed with and without sterile gloves.
Methods: The study design was comparative cross-sectional. The sample size was calculated as 51 per group. The patients were randomly allocated to either group by allowing them to choose a lottery. All the patients undergoing non surgical dental extraction constituted the study population for present study. History taking and observation technique was used to collect data. The proforma was prepared and filled up by the researcher.
Results: Four (7.8%) cases in clean sterile group and 3 (5.9%) cases in surgical gloves group had some complications. The difference in presence of complications across groups was not significant.
Conclusion: The non-sterile clean gloves do not increase the incidence of postoperative complications as compared to sterile gloves.
Instructional Strategy and Teacher-student Relationships as Predisposing Variables of Adult Students’ Learning Interest in the Universities
Authors: Omori Anne , Okon Abigail , Obun Michael 
Published: June 2019

This study examines the extent to which instructional strategy and teacher-student relationship predict adult learners’ interest in learning in Universities in Cross River state. To achieve the aim of the study, two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The descriptive survey design of ex post facto type was employed. Purposive sampling technique was used to select university of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology. These universities were stratified along four faculties. A total of 200 respondents were randomly selected. Participants were 82 male and 118 female. Instructional strategies and teacher-student relationship (r=0.76) and students’ learning interest rating (r=0.76) scales were used for data collection. Data were analysed using multiple regressions at significance level of .05. Instructional strategies (ß = .679, t = 8.48) and teacher-student relationship (ß =-.170; t=2.682) had relative contribution to students’ interest in learning. Cultivating interest should not be an afterthought to the typical learning situation: Interest is essential to academic success. Therefore, adoption of instructional strategies that would motivate students’ interest and positive teacher-student relationships should be encourage and implemented by educators in Nigerian tertiary institutions in particular, and educational system in general.
Papilledema in unicoronal synostosis: a rare finding
Authors: van de Beeten Stephanie D. C. , Cornelissen Martijn J. , van Seeters Renee M. , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Versnel Sarah L. , Loudon Sjoukje E. , Mathijssen Irene M. J. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVEUnicoronal synostosis results in frontal plagiocephaly and is preferably treated before the patient is 1 year of age to prevent intracranial hypertension (ICH). However, data on the prevalence of ICH in these patients is currently lacking. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative signs of ICH in a large cohort of patients with unicoronal synostosis and to test whether there is a correlation between papilledema and occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) curve stagnation in unicoronal synostosis.METHODSThe authors included all patients with unicoronal synostosis treated before 2 years of age at a single center between 2003 and 2013. The presence of ICH was evaluated by routine fundoscopy. The OFC growth curve was analyzed for deflection and in relationship to signs of ICH.RESULTSIn total, 104 patients were included in this study, 84 (81%) of whom were considered to have nonsyndromic unicoronal synostosis. Preoperatively, none of the patients had papilledema as determined by fundoscopy (mean age at surgery 11 months). Postoperatively, 5% of patients with syndromic synostosis and 3% of those with nonsyndromic synostosis had papilledema, and this was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Raised intracranial pressure was confirmed in 1 patient with syndromic unicoronal synostosis. Six of 78 patients had OFC stagnation, which was not significantly correlated to papilledema (p = 0.22). One child with syndromic unicoronal synostosis required repeated surgery for ICH (0.96%).CONCLUSIONSPapilledema was not found in patients with unicoronal synostosis when they underwent surgery before the age of 1 year and was also very rare during follow-up. There was no relationship between papilledema and OFC stagnation.