bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Five Porphyrin‐Based Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen Generation
Authors: Zu Guo‐Ping , Wang Jin‐Jin , Zhang Yan , Chen Wang‐Bin , Shi Yu‐Zhong , Guo Sheng‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Rong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFive porphyrin derivatives were synthesized and characterized in order to be utilized as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation. UV‐Vis absorption properties of porphyrins were experimentally and theoretically discussed. The results indicated that the increase in π‐conjugation of porphyrin core can lower the S1‐T1 energy gap and is favorable for efficient energy transfer. The singlet oxygen generation ability of porphyrins was measured and compared under both simulated sunlight and yellow light. As for the results using simulated sunlight, EBHPP and CEBHPP exhibited best and similar performance because they bear strong near‐IR absorption and S1‐T1 interactions. However, under yellow light conditions CEBHPP has better ability for singlet oxygen generation because of its strong absorbance from 650–750 nm. The DNA photocleavage measurements were performed to evaluate the biological activity of the porphyrin derivatives. The photocleavage activities were in the order of TPP < TPP‐NO2 < BHPP < EBHPP < CEBHPP, and the possible reasons were discussed. This work is useful for the design of more efficient photosensitizers.
Rapid Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free Approach to Functionalization of 8‐Methylquinolines via Rh‐Catalyzed C(sp3)‐H Activation
Authors: Zhu You‐Quan , He Jing‐Li , Niu Yun‐Xia , Han Ting‐Feng , Zhu Kun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA microwave‐assisted method for the synthesis of 8‐methylquinoline derivatives via Rh‐catalyzed C(sp3)‐H activation under solvent‐free condition is reported. In comparison with traditional method, this reaction proceeded more efficiently with excellent yield, a broad range substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography After Thyroidectomy
Authors: Rudin Anatoliy V. , McKenzie Travis J. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Farley David R. , Lyden Melanie L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGA) is a new adjunct that has been used in surgical procedures to assess blood flow. This study evaluated the utility of ICGA compared to visual inspection to predict parathyroid function, guide autotransplantation and potentially decrease permanent hypoparathyroidism.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients who underwent total or near‐total thyroidectomy (T‐NT) between January 2015 and March 2018. Patients with preoperative hyperparathyroidism and those undergoing reoperation were excluded. Patients who had ICGA were compared to T‐NT patients without ICGA. Data were analyzed to assess the frequency of autotransplantation and incidence of hypoparathyroidism between groups.ResultsIn total, 210 patients underwent T‐NT: 86 with ICGA and 124 without. Autotransplantation was more common in the ICGA group at 36% compared to 12% in the control (p = 0.0001). There was no correlation with at least one normal parathyroid gland on ICGA and postoperative PTH levels (p = 0.75). There was a difference in having normal postoperative PTH when there were at least two normal parathyroid glands (n = 50) compared to patients with less than two normal ICGA glands (n = 36, p = 0.044). Visual assessment and ICGA assessment of vascularity were in agreement, 245/281 (87%). There were 19 glands (6.8%) that would have undergone autotransplant based on visual inspection that had adequate blood supply on ICGA. Transient hypoparathyroidism was present in 45 out of 124 controls (36%) and 32 out of 86 (37%) in the ICG group.ConclusionsICGA is a novel technique that may improve the assessment of parathyroid gland blood supply compared to visual inspection. ICGA can guide more appropriate autotransplantation without compromising postoperative parathyroid function. At least two vascularized glands on ICGA may predict postoperative parathyroid gland function.
18F‐Fluorocholine PET/CT and Parathyroid 4D Computed Tomography for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: The Challenge of Reoperative Patients
Authors: Amadou Coralie , Bera Géraldine , Ezziane Malek , Chami Linda , Delbot Thierry , Rouxel Agnès , Leban Monique , Herve Genevieve , Menegaux Fabrice , Leenhardt Laurence , Kas Aurélie , Trésallet Christophe , Ghander Cécile , Lussey‐Lepoutre Charlotte 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate FCH‐PET/CT and parathyroid 4D‐CT so as to guide surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and prior neck surgery.MethodsMedical records of all patients referred for a FCH‐PET/CT in our institution were systematically reviewed. Only patients with pHPT, a history of neck surgery (for pHPT or another reason) and an indication of reoperation were included. All patients had parathyroid ultrasound (US) and Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI scintigraphy, and furthermore, some patients had 4D‐CT. Gold standard was defined by pathological findings and/or US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with PTH level measurement in the washing liquid.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were included in this retrospective study. FCH‐PET/CT identified 34 abnormal foci including 19 ectopic localizations. 4D‐CT, performed in 20 patients, detected 11 abnormal glands at first reading and 6 more under FCH‐PET/CT guidance. US and Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI found concordant foci in 8/29 patients. Gold standard was obtained for 32 abnormal FCH‐PET/CT foci in 27 patients. On a per‐lesion analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 96%, 13%, 77% and 50% for FCH‐PET/CT, 75%, 40%, 80% and 33% for 4D‐CT. On a per‐patient analysis, sensitivity was 85% for FCH‐PET/CT and 63% for 4D‐CT. FCH‐PET/CT results made it possible to successfully remove an abnormal gland in 21 patients, including 12 with a negative or discordant US/Tc‐99m‐sestaMIBI scintigraphy result, with a global cure rate of 73%.ConclusionFCH‐PET/CT is a promising tool in the challenging population of reoperative patients with pHPT. Parathyroid 4D‐CT appears as a confirmatory imaging modality.
Association Between Alcohol Use and Female Sexual Dysfunction From the Data Registry on Experiences of Aging, Menopause, and Sexuality (DREAMS)
Authors: Kling Juliana M. , Sidhu Kimran , Rullo Jordan , Mara Kristin C. , Frohmader Hilsaca Karla S. , Kapoor Ekta , Faubion Stephanie S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in women and the nature of its association with alcohol use remains unclear.

Aim
To explore the association between alcohol use and female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Methods
Associations between self-reported drinking and sexual function were evaluated in 2,253 women presenting for consultation to a women’s health specialty clinic. A short version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) was used to evaluate alcohol use. Women with an AUDIT-C ≥3 were considered at risk for hazardous drinking. Multivariable regression, controlling for depression, anxiety, and abuse (childhood and recent), was used to assess the association between alcohol consumption and FSD (defined as a Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] ≤26.55 and Female Sexual Distress Scale [FSDS] ≥11) in sexually active women.

Main Outcome Measure
The main study outcome measure was the presence of FSD as defined by a score ≤26.55 on the FSFI and ≥11 on the FSDS.

Results
57% of the 1,649 sexually active women were classified as having FSD; 80% reported any alcohol use and 38% reported drinking patterns with the potential to be hazardous. The women at risk for hazardous drinking had significantly higher FSFI domain scores indicating better sexual function (P ≤ .001). However, in multivariable analyses, there was no significant difference in the rates of FSD across alcohol use categories in women.

Conclusion
In women presenting for consultation to a women’s health specialty clinic, an association between alcohol use and FSFI scores was seen, in which greater risk of hazardous drinking was associated with better sexual function scores. However, when sexual distress was included to define sexual dysfunction, those with FSD were not at higher risk of hazardous drinking. Given the complex nature of FSD, additional study is needed to further clarify these relationships.
Optimal location of set-aside areas to reduce nitrogen pollution: a modelling study
Authors: Casal L. , Durand P. , Akkal-Corfini N. , Benhamou C. , Laurent F. , Salmon-Monviola J. , Vertès F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDistributed models and a good knowledge of the catchment studied are required to assess mitigation measures for nitrogen (N) pollution. A set of alternative scenarios (change of crop management practices and different strategies of landscape management, especially different sizes and distribution of set-aside areas) were simulated with a fully distributed model in a small agricultural catchment. The results show that current practices are close to complying with current regulations, which results in a limited effect of the implementation of best crop management practices. The location of set-aside zones is more important than their size in decreasing nitrate fluxes in stream water. The most efficient location is the lower parts of hillslopes, combining the dilution effect due to the decrease of N input per unit of land and the interception of nitrate transferred by sub-surface flows. The main process responsible for the interception effect is probably uptake by grassland and retention in soils since the denitrification load tends to decrease proportionally to N input and, for the scenarios considered, is lower in the interception scenarios than in the corresponding dilution zones.
Suboptimalities for sure: Arguments from evolutionary theory
Authors: Withagen Rob , van der Kamp John , de Wit Matthieu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) addressed the issue of (sub)optimalities in perception but only made a passing reference to evolutionary thinking. In our commentary, we concur with the authors’ claim that evolution does not work toward optimalities, but argue that an evolutionary perspective on perception questions the Bayesian approach that the authors adopted.
Dying for your group or for your faith? On the power of belief
Authors: Boudry Maarten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhitehouse's theory offers one plausible pathway toward extreme self-sacrifice, but it fails to explain sacrificial acts that are inspired by heartfelt ideological beliefs, including jihadi terrorism and mass suicide in cults. If he wants to offer a “single overarching theory” of self-sacrifice, he will need to take seriously the power of belief.
Communal sharing/identity fusion does not require reflection on episodic memory of shared experience or trauma – and usually generates kindness
Authors: Thomsen Lotte , Fiske Alan P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIdentity fusion is remarkably similar to the extensively validated construct of communal sharing, proposed in 1991. Both posit that notions of oneness/unity/equivalence with others underpin altruism. However, we argue that oneness/equivalence instantiates an evolved, innate relational form, marked and constituted by cultural practices making participants’ bodies substantially the same. It is intuitive from earliest development, often encompasses persons whom one has never met, and results mostly in caring.
A Feedback Linearization-Based Motion Controller for a UWMR with Experimental Evaluations
Authors: Montoya-Villegas Luis , Moreno-Valenzuela Javier , Pérez-Alcocer Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the feedback linearization approach is used to introduce a motion controller for unicycle-type wheeled mobile robots (UWMRs). The output function is defined as a linear combination of the error state. The novel scheme is firstly tested in numerical simulation and compared with its corresponding experimental result. Three controllers are taken from the literature and compared to the proposed approach by means of experiments. The gains of the experimentally tested controllers are selected to obtain identical energy consumption. The Optitrack commercial vision system and Pioneer P3-DX UWMR are used in real-time experimental tests. In addition, two sets of experimental results for different motion tasks are provided. The results show that the proposed controller presents the best tracking accuracy.
Learning speech-internal cues to pronoun interpretation from co-speech gesture: a training study
Authors: GOODRICH SMITH Whitney , BLACK Alexis K. , HUDSON KAM Carla L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores whether children can learn a structural processing bias relevant to pronoun interpretation from brief training. Over three days, 42 five-year-olds were exposed to narratives exhibiting a first-mentioned tendency. Two characters were introduced, and the first-mentioned was later described engaging in a solo activity. In our primary condition of interest, the Gesture Training condition, the solo-activity sentence contained an ambiguous pronoun, but co-speech gesture clarified the referent. There were two comparison conditions. In the Gender Training condition the characters were different genders, thereby avoiding ambiguity. In the Name Training condition, the first-mentioned name was simply repeated. Ambiguous pronoun interpretation was tested pre- and post-training. Children in the Gesture condition were significantly more likely to interpret ambiguous pronouns as the first-mentioned character after training. Results from the comparison conditions were ambiguous: there was a small but non-significant effect of training, but also no significant differences between conditions.
Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model organism,Leucoraja erinacea(Chondrichthyes; Rajidae)
Authors: PFAFF Cathrin , KRIWET Jürgen , MARTIN Kyle , JOHANSON Zerina 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTCartilaginous fishes have a long evolutionary history dating back 440 million years and include model organisms in a number of fields of biological research. However, comparative developmental studies of these organisms, particularly neuroanatomical investigations, still remain sparse. Here, pre-hatching to adult developmental stages of the Little Skate,Leucoraja erinacea, are investigated using micro-computed tomography scanning in conjunction with staining procedures designed to improve visualisation of soft tissues. Within the ear, the anatomy of the skeletal labyrinth changes during ontogeny and differs substantially from the underlying membranous system, contrary to previous observations in sharks. Additionally, substantial morphological remodelling characterises the parietal fossa, which appears initially as a massive and hook-like structure and subsequently becomes slender and surrounded by soft tissue. The sizes of the vestibular system and neurocranium increase isometrically from pre- to post-hatching phases, and then exponentially after the post-hatching stages.
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Obs4MIPs Version 2 Data Set
Authors: Tian Baijun , Fetzer Eric J. , Manning Evan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Obs4MIPs (Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects) Version 2 data set includes monthly mean tropospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity for each calendar month from September 2002 to September 2016, on a global 1° × 1° latitude‐longitude spatial grid and on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project eight mandatory vertical pressure levels from 1,000 to 300 hPa. It also includes standard error and number of observations, for an estimate of AIRS data retrieval error and sampling uncertainty. Three new technical notes describe the data set. This data set is designed for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project climate model evaluation and has been published at Earth System Grid Federation data centers since April 2018. It adds new monthly mean tropospheric relative humidity data to Obs4MIPs and updates and extends the monthly mean tropospheric air temperature and specific humidity data in AIRS Obs4MIPs Version 1 data set. The data source for this data set is the AIRS Version 6 Level 3 standard monthly mean air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity data products in the “TqJoint” grids from the AIRS and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A combined physical retrievals. This paper documents this data set in terms of motivation for this data set, data description, data origin and processing procedures, major improvements from the previous version, and caveats for its use in climate model evaluation.
Lithospheric Removal Beneath the Eastern Flank of the Rio Grande Rift From Receiver Function Velocity Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Pulliam Jay , Sen Mrinal K. , Grand Stephen P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe develop and apply a technique for receiver functions that is analogous to “velocity analysis” in seismic reflection processing, in which a velocity model is found directly from the data. In the case of receiver functions, which represent waves converted from P type to S type (Ps) or S type to P type (Sp) rather than reflected waves, we jointly optimize the average correlation value for target features in common receiver gathers while perturbing shear wave velocities and Poisson's ratio in a process driven by simulated annealing. The technique simultaneously finds depths to major discontinuities and 1‐D S velocity profiles beneath each seismic station. Estimates of Poisson's ratio are used with S velocity models to estimate P velocities, and individual 1‐D profiles are interpolated to form a 3‐D velocity model. We stacked and depth migrated Ps and Sp receiver functions computed from data recorded by broadband stations in southeastern New Mexico and west Texas. Images reveal an abrupt increase in lithospheric thickness beneath the Great Plains craton with respect to the Rio Grande Rift. Ps results show that the Moho ranges from 36 to 60 km in the region, while Sp results show variations in the seismically determined lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary of 75–112 km. Thickened crust and lithosphere overlie a high‐velocity anomaly determined previously via tomography. We speculate that the thickened crust and lithosphere maybe due to removal of the lower lithosphere by a process that is associated with east‐west extension and thus the northward propagation of the Rio Grande Rift.
Geomagnetic Secular Variations at the Permian‐Triassic Boundary and Pulsed Magmatism During Eruption of the Siberian Traps
Authors: Pavlov Vladimir E. , Fluteau Frederic , Latyshev Anton V. , Fetisova Anna M. , Elkins‐Tanton Linda T. , Black Ben A. , Burgess Seth D. , Veselovskiy Roman V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe tempo of Large Igneous Province emplacement is crucial to determining the environmental consequences of magmatism on the Earth. Based on detailed flow‐by‐flow paleomagnetic data from the most representative Permian‐Triassic Siberian Traps lava stratigraphy of the northern Siberian platform, we present new constraints on the rate and duration of the volcanic activity in the Norilsk and Maymecha‐Kotuy regions. Our data indicate that volcanic activity there occurred during a limited number of short volcanic pulses, each consisting of multiple individual eruptions, and that the total duration of discrete eruption pulses did not exceed ~10,000 years (hiatuses are not included). Our study confirms the occurrence of a thick interval in the lower part of the Norilsk lava sections, which contains a record of geomagnetic reversal and excursion. Based on combined evidence from paleomagnetic secular variation and typical timescales for such reversals, we conclude that the ~1‐km‐thick lava stratigraphy, corresponding to ~20,000 km3 of basalt, of the Kharaelakh, Norilsk, and Imangda troughs was formed during a brief, but voluminous, eruptive period of several thousand years or less. Our data further suggest that the ore‐bearing Norilsk‐type intrusions are coeval or nearly coeval with the boundary between the Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky formations. We calculated a new Siberian Permian‐Triassic paleomagnetic pole Norilsk‐Maymecha‐Kotuy (NMK): PLat = 52.9°, PLong = 147.1°, A95 = 4.3°, K = 23.2, and N = 49 lava flows. It is shown that geomagnetic field variations circa 252 Ma were similar to those observed in the latest Cenozoic.
Reproducible grey matter patterns index a multivariate, global alteration of brain structure in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Schwarz Emanuel , Doan Nhat Trung , Pergola Giulio , Westlye Lars T , Kaufmann Tobias , Wolfers Thomas , Brecheisen Ralph , Quarto Tiziana , Ing Alex J , Di Carlo Pasquale , Gurholt Tiril P , Harms Robbert L , Noirhomme Quentin , Moberget Torgeir , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A , Bellani Marcella , Bertolino Alessandro , Blasi Giuseppe , Brambilla Paolo , Buitelaar Jan K , Cervenka Simon , Flyckt Lena , Frangou Sophia , Franke Barbara , Hall Jeremy , Heslenfeld Dirk J , Kirsch Peter , McIntosh Andrew M , Nöthen Markus M , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , de Quervain Dominique J-F , Rietschel Marcella , Schumann Gunter , Tost Heike , Witt Stephanie H , Zink Mathias , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas ,   The IMAGEMEND Consortium, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP) Consortium
Published: January 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by numerous subtle changes in brain structure and function. Machine learning allows exploring the utility of combining structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for diagnostic application, but this approach has been hampered by sample size limitations and lack of differential diagnostic data. Here, we performed a multi-site machine learning analysis to explore brain structural patterns of T1 MRI data in 2668 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, and healthy controls. We found reproducible changes of structural parameters in schizophrenia that yielded a classification accuracy of up to 76% and provided discrimination from ADHD, through it lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. The observed changes largely indexed distributed grey matter alterations that could be represented through a combination of several global brain-structural parameters. This multi-site machine learning study identified a brain-structural signature that could reproducibly differentiate schizophrenia patients from controls, but lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. While this currently limits the clinical utility of the identified signature, the present study highlights that the underlying alterations index substantial global grey matter changes in psychotic disorders, reflecting the biological similarity of these conditions, and provide a roadmap for future exploration of brain structural alterations in psychiatric patients.