bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of multimedia teaching with myopia: A national study of school children
Authors: Hinterlong James E. , Holton Valerie L. , Chiang Chi‐Chen , Tsai Ching‐Yao , Liou Yiing-Mei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine whether students’ exposure to digitally projected, multimedia teaching material under naturally varying classroom lighting conditions is associated with myopia risk and severity.DesignA population‐based, cross‐sectional study in 2012 of children in grades 4–6 across 87 schools in Taiwan.MethodsStudents (N = 3,686) reported demographic information, outdoor time, physical activity and near work. Parents provided their myopia status. Student‐reported multimedia teaching frequency and classroom lighting levels were confirmed with direct observation. School nurses conducted vision screening and ophthalmologist referral. Myopia status and severity were measured by spherical equivalent refraction; SE ≤−0.5 dioptres was coded as myopic. Binary logistic and tobit regression were used to estimate the contributions of classroom multimedia exposure and lighting to myopia risk and severity controlling for risk factors.Results/FindingsAge, parental myopia and hours of near work increased the odds of myopia and predicted greater severity. Physical activity and outdoor time predicted lower risk and severity. Multimedia exposure in relatively bright classrooms was associated with greater odds of myopia. Classroom lighting levels during multimedia teaching were inversely related to severity; exposure frequency was unrelated.ConclusionsMultimedia exposure under brighter classroom conditions may contribute to the myopia incidence in schoolchildren.ImpactTeaching with digital projection technology is increasingly prevalent. This may increase children's odds of developing myopia, which has far‐reaching and lifelong deleterious effects. School nurses should raise awareness of and promote strategies that reduce this risk, including working with children, parents, school personnel and system leaders to adopt eye‐healthy behaviours, practices and policies.
Genome‐wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Atashi Hadi , Salavati Mazdak , De Koster Jenne , Ehrlich Jim , Crowe Mark , Opsomer Geert ,   the GplusE consortium, Hostens Miel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with 305‐day milk yield and lactation curve parameters on primiparous (n = 9,910) and multiparous (n = 11,158) Holstein cows. The SNP solutions were estimated using a weighted single‐step genomic BLUP approach and imputed high‐density panel (777k) genotypes. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNP (with an average of 165 Kb) was calculated, and regions that accounted for more than 0.50% of the variance were used to search for candidate genes. Estimated heritabilities were 0.37, 0.34, 0.17, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.19, respectively, for 305‐day milk yield, peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay for primiparous cows. Genetic correlations of 305‐day milk yield with peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay in primiparous cows were 0.99, 0.63, 0.20, 0.97 and −0.52, respectively. The results identified three windows on BTA14 associated with 305‐day milk yield and the parameters of lactation curve in primi‐ and multiparous cows. Previously proposed candidate genes for milk yield supported by this work include GRINA, CYHR1, FOXH1, TONSL, PPP1R16A, ARHGAP39, MAF1, OPLAH and MROH1, whereas newly identified candidate genes are MIR2308, ZNF7, ZNF34, SLURP1, MAFA and KIFC2 (BTA14). The protein lipidation biological process term, which plays a key role in controlling protein localization and function, was identified as the most important term enriched by the identified genes.
Climatic niche limits and community‐level vulnerability of obligate symbioses
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Jovan Sarah , McCune Bruce 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimCommunities with many species at their climatic niche limits may be vulnerable to species losses, suggesting that niche‐based measures can inform vulnerability assessments. We aimed to quantify spatial variation in community‐level vulnerability indices based on niche limits, not just central tendencies, to predict where climate changes will produce rapid, pronounced shifts in ecological communities.LocationNorth America.TaxonEpiphytic lichenized fungi.MethodsWe integrated broad‐extent herbarium data (46,343 North American sites, for estimation of realized niches) with systematic, whole‐community macrolichen surveys from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis inventory (6,474 U.S. sites, for standardized vulnerability estimation). We introduce three niche‐based vulnerability indices describing (a) percentage of vulnerable species occurring at their upper climatic limits, (b) community‐mean percentile, and (c) deviation of local conditions from community‐mean upper limits. We also performed sensitivity analyses and evaluated vulnerability in future climate change scenarios.ResultsSensitivity of indices to uncertainty in climate variables was minor. Present‐day vulnerability was greatest in north‐central California, in the Southwest along the western Colorado Plateau, and on the Southeastern coastal plain—locations where climatically‐induced compositional changes will become most evident. Under future warming scenarios (+0.5 to + 3.6°C increases), the percentage of U.S. epiphytic macrolichen communities exceeding critical values grew from about 2%–20%.Main conclusionsIn all scenarios the most vulnerable communities were concentrated in low‐elevation and southerly locations, suggesting that many ostensibly “warm‐adapted” communities may be close to exceeding their climatic limits. Findings indicate that warming and moisture changes will modify community compositions through the local loss of intolerant species pushed beyond their niche limits. Assessing vulnerability of bioindicators such as lichens will help prioritize locations where the greatest climate‐induced changes in species distributions and diversity will occur.
Rapid diversification of alpine bamboos associated with the uplift of the Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Ye Xia‐Ying , Ma Peng‐Fei , Yang Guo‐Qian , Guo Cen , Zhang Yu‐Xiao , Chen Yun‐Mei , Guo Zhen‐Hua , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe Hengduan Mountains (HDM) of southwest China is a biodiversity hotspot and harbours one of the world's richest temperate floras. However, the origin and evolution of its biota remain largely unresolved. Here we explore the impact of mountain uplift on the diversification process of biodiversity in this hotspot using alpine bamboos.LocationThe HDM region, southwest China.TaxonAlpine bamboos.MethodsWe used ddRAD‐seq data from the most complete sampling of alpine bamboos undertaken to date (79% of the species diversity), to investigate their evolutionary history. The ancestral area of these bamboos was reconstructed using a time‐calibrated phylogeny in BioGeoBEARS and diversification rates were inferred using BAMM analyses. In addition, the impact of mountain uplift on the divergence of alpine bamboos was evaluated using trait‐dependent models of diversification.ResultsThe alpine bamboos were strongly supported as monophyletic, and the relationships within them were robustly resolved.Fargesiawas found to be polyphyletic andYushaniawas resolved as monophyletic. Alpine bamboos originated outside the HDM region during the late Miocene, and spread to this region in the Pliocene, undergoing a significant acceleration in net diversification, which is temporally congruent with the orogeny. The speciation rate increased with altitude and a high diversification rate, estimated to be 0.75 species per million years, was detected for alpine bamboos distributed in high elevations.Main ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that heterogeneous mountain habitats and geographical isolation of alpine bamboos, which have limited dispersal ability, are important drivers for their rapid diversification. This study also highlights the power of complementary analyses in revealing the link between species diversification and past geological changes.
Turning regenerative technologies into treatment to repair myocardial injuries
Authors: Carotenuto Felicia , Teodori Laura , Maccari Anna Maria , Delbono Luciano , Orlando Giuseppe , Di Nardo Paolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegenerative therapies including stem cell treatments hold promise to allow curing patients affected by severe cardiac muscle diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy remains elusive, so far. The two key roadblocks that still need to be overcome are the poor cell engraftment into the injured myocardium and the limited knowledge of the ideal mixture of bioactive factors to be locally delivered for restoring heart function. Thus, therapeutic strategies for cardiac repair are directed to increase the retention and functional integration of transplanted cells in the damaged myocardium or to enhance the endogenous repair mechanisms through cell‐free therapies. In this context, biomaterial‐based technologies and tissue engineering approaches have the potential to dramatically impact cardiac translational medicine. This review intends to offer some consideration on the cell‐based and cell‐free cardiac therapies, their limitations and the possible future developments.
Non‐lethal proteasome inhibition activates pro‐tumorigenic pathways in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Skorda Aikaterini , Sklirou Aimilia D. , Sakellaropoulos Theodore , Gianniou Despoina D. , Kastritis Efstathios , Terpos Evangelos , Tsitsilonis Ourania E. , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Alexopoulos Leonidas G. , Trougakos Ioannis P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy being characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow. Targeting the proteasome with specific inhibitors (PIs) has been proven a promising therapeutic strategy and PIs have been approved for the treatment of MM and mantle‐cell lymphoma; yet, while outcome has improved, most patients inevitably relapse. As relapse refers to MM cells that survive therapy, we sought to identify the molecular responses induced in MM cells after non‐lethal proteasome inhibition. By using bortezomib (BTZ), epoxomicin (EPOX; a carfilzomib‐like PI) and three PIs, namely Rub999, PR671A and Rub1024 that target each of the three proteasome peptidases, we found that only BTZ and EPOX are toxic in MM cells at low concentrations. Phosphoproteomic profiling after treatment of MM cells with non‐lethal (IC10) doses of the PIs revealed inhibitor‐ and cell type‐specific readouts, being marked by the activation of tumorigenic STAT3 and STAT6. Consistently, cytokine/chemokine profiling revealed the increased secretion of immunosuppressive pro‐tumorigenic cytokines (IL6 and IL8), along with the inhibition of potent T cell chemoattractant chemokines (CXCL10). These findings indicate that MM cells that survive treatment with therapeutic PIs shape a pro‐tumorigenic immunosuppressive cellular and secretory bone marrow microenvironment that enables malignancy to relapse.
Evaluation of Cyphocleonus trisulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a potential biological control agent for Leucanthemum vulgare in North America
Authors: Stutz Sonja , Hinz Hariet L. , Schaffner Urs 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLeucanthemum vulgare, a perennial forb native to Eurasia, has become invasive in several other parts of the world. Since there is a lack of methods suitable for sustainable management of this plant across invaded landscapes, a biological control project has been initiated in North America and Australia. We evaluated the potential of the root‐feeding weevil Cyphocleonus trisulcatus as a biological control agent for L. vulgare in North America by investigating its impact on L. vulgare and studying its larval host range under no‐choice, multiple‐choice cage and open‐field conditions. Our impact experiment revealed that larval feeding by C. trisulcatus can severely damage and even kill plants. No‐choice tests conducted with 41 non‐target species showed that C. trisulcatus can develop on five closely related species. In a multiple‐choice cage test established with three of these species, the medicinal plant Matricaria chamomilla and the native North American M. occidentalis were also attacked, but to a lower degree than L. vulgare. An open‐field test conducted with four varieties of the ornamental Shasta daisy (Leucanthemum × superbum and L. × maximum) revealed similar attack on Shasta daisy as on L. vulgare. Due to the popularity of Shasta daisies, we suggest that C. trisulcatus, despite its potential to suppress L. vulgare populations, is not a suitable biological control agent for North America. However, C. trisulcatus may still be a potential biological control agent for L. vulgare in regions where Shasta daisy is less popular, such as Australia. Further host‐range tests with species native to Australia as well as with additional species important for the horticultural industry in Australia are currently under way.
Vertebral growth and band‐pair deposition in sexually mature little skates Leucoraja erinacea: is adult band‐pair deposition annual?
Authors: James Kelsey C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMature male and female little skates Leucoraja erinacea were injected with oxytetracycline and maintained in captivity for 13 months to assess centrum growth and the frequency of band‐pair deposition. Sixty per cent of the individuals analysed did not deposit a full band pair over the 13 month period. Thus, a majority of captive skates did not exhibit annual band‐pair deposition. Previous research confirms annual band‐pair deposition in all juvenile and most adult L. erinacea, therefore sexual maturation may lead to decreased frequency of band‐pair formation. Age underestimation of larger, older elasmobranchs is being identified in an increasing number of elasmobranch species including L. erinacea as demonstrated in this study. The effect of age underestimation from band‐pair counts on studies that use age‐based characteristics needs to be addressed.
Detection of adulterants and authenticity discrimination for coarse grain flours using NIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Shao Yuanyuan , Xuan Guantao , Hu Zhichao , Wang Yongxian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate analyses were used to execute adulterants detection and authenticity discrimination for coarse grain flours including millet, corn, and soybean. Spectral data in the range of 865–1,711 nm were first extracted and preprocessed from a total of 1,080 samples of six categories of pure and adulterated flours. Principal component analysis was employed to generate scores scatter plots for differentiating specific grouping of samples. Successive projection algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were adopted to select the effective wavelengths. Then identification models were developed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) using effective wavelengths and full spectra (FS) as inputs, respectively. The results indicated all of models provided the satisfactory identification rate, over 94.8% for adulterated flours, and even achieved 100% for pure flours. Considering computational cost reduction and model simplification, PLS‐DA‐CARS and PLS‐DA‐SPA models were more effective in practice within an acceptable range in comparison with PLS‐DA‐FS model. Especially, PLS‐DA‐SPA model could achieve higher identification accuracy than PLS‐DA‐CARS model. It can be concluded that NIR hyperspectral imaging technology as a noncontact and quick analytical method has promising application prospects for quality control of flour products.Practical ApplicationsCoarse grain flours and its products are more popular with people in recent years because they contain abundant vitamins, dietary fiber, microelements, and other nutrients. Driven by huge profits, some coarse grain flours such as millet, corn, and soybean are often sold in term of adulterated flours, which not only disrupts market order, but also results in quality degradation and great economic losses. As a noncontact and quick analytical technology, NIR hyperspectral imaging was used for detecting the adulteration of coarse grain flours to eliminate fraudulent or unfair practices. Multivariate analysis methods were employed to speed the detection process and improve operation efficiency. The results indicated that NIR hyperspectral imaging technology was feasible and effective in discriminating the authenticity of coarse grain flours, laying a foundation for designing a portable inspection device with the optical filters.
Understanding the future of lithium: Part 1, resource model
Authors: Ambrose Hanjiro , Kendall Alissa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLithium is a critical energy material in part due to an array of emerging technologies from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems that rely on large‐format lithium ion batteries. Recent growth in demand for lithium is primarily from increased use in batteries, which comprised 46% of total lithium by end use in 2017. These technologies are often deployed to improve environmental sustainability, yet the environmental effects and sustainability of the resources they rely on are often not well understood, especially as demand increases over time.This is the first in a two part article series that together quantify the lithium resource use and its environmental effects over time by coupling a resource production model and life cycle assessment model. In this first part, a novel resource production model is developed to create scenarios of future lithium demand and production characteristics (e.g., timing, location, and ore type). These scenarios are then used to create a life cycle assessment in part two that captures temporal and spatial changes in production systems over time.Results of the resource production model show global lithium resources range from 293 to 527 million metric tons (Mt) of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE). Global production will likely increase from 237,000 metric tons LCE in 2018 to 4.4–7.5 Mt LCE/year by 2100. Even with rapidly increasing demand, production from high‐grade brines may satisfy most lithium demand through 2035. Though resources can meet demand through 2100, development of lower grade and unfavorable deposits is likely required after 2050.
Accuracy of Body Weight Estimation Among Palestinian Refugee Adolescents Living in Jordan: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Salamonson Yenna , Villarosa Amy R. , Subih Maha , Darwish Rima , Maneze Della 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to examine the prevalence of obesity among adolescents living in a refugee camp in Jordan and analyze the factors influencing their weight perceptions.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe examined the body weight perception, and the influence of psychological, cultural, and social factors, among Palestinian refugee adolescents living in Jordan using a cross‐sectional survey. Univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships between body weight status, weight perception, satisfaction with weight, screen time, and depression status of these adolescents.ResultsA total of 620 adolescents participated in the study, of which 24% were either overweight or obese. Overweight or obese adolescents were more likely to underestimate their weight (p < .001), while those with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents score > 14), were more likely to overestimate their body weight (p = .021). Having symptoms indicative of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–2.50) and having a body mass index in the overweight/obese range (AOR = 4.16; 95% CI = 2.73–6.35) were predictors of discordant weight perception.ConclusionsThis study showed that excess body weight is a significant issue among Palestinian refugee adolescents living in a refugee camp in Jordan. Underlying depression is an important factor in excess weight and distorted weight perceptions especially among this vulnerable group.Clinical RelevanceThe study highlights the importance of addressing discordant body weight perception and depression in weight management in nursing interventions for vulnerable adolescent groups.
English in French Commercial Advertising: Simultaneity, bivalency, and language boundaries
Authors: Amos H. William 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, sociolinguists have begun to challenge the traditional view that multilingualism is fundamentally composed of discrete systems known as ‘languages’. Supporting the assessment that languages are not bounded entities but sociocultural and ideological constructions, this article explores commercial advertisements in France, which are subject to language policies assuming that ‘French’ is easily separable from ‘foreign languages’. Employing the Bakhtinian‐influenced notion ofbivalencydeveloped by Woolard (1998), the article argues for a special consideration of mixed‐language advertising in France, rooted not only in linguistic form, but also in the specific contextual tension produced by the socio‐political statuses of French and English. The resulting creativity challenges the monolectal assumptions within French language management, indicating a clash of segregational language ideology with integrational language practices. The article further argues that this language mixing is bidirectional, as advertisements may both erase and emphasise the assumed boundaries between codes.
Does covering routine dental care for the Medicare population produce cost savings in Medicare? A preliminary 2‐year analysis
Authors: Moeller John F. , Manski Richard J. , Chen Haiyan , Zuvekas Samuel H. , Meyerhoefer Chad D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe estimated the association between the use of preventive dental care and medical use and expense for older persons over a 2‐year period to determine if a Medicare dental benefit for routine care could result in potential cost savings in Medicare.MethodsWe relied on 2008‐2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to estimate separate logistic and lognormal ordinary least squares regressions to analyze the influence of year 1 preventive dental care on either year 1 or year 2 use and expenses for total health care, office‐based care, outpatient care, inpatient stays, emergency department visits, and prescription drugs.ResultsOur findings provide evidence over a 2‐year period that a Medicare dental benefit for routine care could produce an increase in office‐based visits and expense. We also found that older persons currently using routine dental care have healthier lifestyles and greater access to care and use of preventive medical care than current nonusers.ConclusionOur results affirm the need for a longer‐term study to provide any conclusive evidence as to the ultimate impact of a Medicare dental benefit on other health care use and expenses.