bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the Decades-long Transient FIRST J141918.9+394036: An Orphan Long Gamma-Ray Burst or a Young Magnetar Nebula?
Authors: Marcote B. , Nimmo K. , Salafia O. S. , Paragi Z. , Hessels J. W. T. , Petroff E. , Karuppusamy R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ofek identified FIRST J141918.9+394036 (hereafter FIRST J1419+3940) as a radio source sharing similar properties and host galaxy type to the compact, persistent radio source associated with the first known repeating fast radio burst, FRB 121102. Law et al. showed that FIRST J1419+3940 is a transient source decaying in brightness over the last few decades. One possible interpretation is that FIRST J1419+3940 is a nearby analog to FRB 121102 and that the radio emission represents a young magnetar nebula (as several scenarios assume for FRB 121102). Another interpretation is that FIRST J1419+3940 is the afterglow of an “orphan” long gamma-ray burst (GRB). The environment is similar to where most such events are produced. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we conducted very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) radio observations using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.6 GHz to spatially resolve the emission and to search for millisecond-duration radio bursts. We detect FIRST J1419+3940 as a compact radio source with a flux density of 620 ± 20 μJy (on 2018 September 18) and a source size of 3.9 ± 0.7 mas (i.e., 1.6 ± 0.3 pc given the angular diameter distance of 83 Mpc). These results confirm that the radio emission is nonthermal and imply an average expansion velocity of (0.10 ± 0.02)c. Contemporaneous high-time-resolution observations using the 100 m Effelsberg telescope detected no millisecond-duration bursts of astrophysical origin. The source properties and lack of short-duration bursts are consistent with a GRB jet expansion, whereas they disfavor a magnetar birth nebula.
Ambivalence du calculable et crise du jugement
Authors: Lassègue Jean 
Published: May 2019

L’article traite de l’informatisation du droit qui met en crise l’exercice du jugement en le privant d’une partie de ses prérogatives fondamentales. Il explore le rapport entre deux sortes de légitimité, juridique et numérique, en s’appuyant sur des arguments tirés de l’histoire des sciences : l’argument du Dominateur de Diodore Cronos, la métaphysique alphabétique de Leibniz et le théorème de limitation du calculable de Turing.
Fichte et le mal radical kantien
Authors: Dumont Augustin 
Published: May 2019

L’objectif de cet article est d’interroger la manière dont Fichte se réapproprie la problématique kantienne du mal radical. Il est aujourd’hui convenu de voir en Schelling le véritable successeur de Kant en la matière, en dépit de l’écart existant entre sa perspective ontologique et le point de vue critique. Nous tentons de montrer que, loin de faire retour vers le « philanthropisme » des Lumières à cet égard, Fichte prend le mal radical très au sérieux. L’article propose une lecture attentive du § 16 de la Sittenlehre. Il démontre que notre capacité à faire le mal trouve sa source dans la substitution de la volonté propre du sujet à la loi de l’autonomie. Une telle substitution relève de la conviction du sujet et constitue assurément un acte libre.
« Langaginalité », une perspective pour la socialité langagière
Authors: Lee Chang-Hoon 
Published: May 2019

Certains phénomènes langagiers, atypiques et dynamiques, observables dans diverses sphères de la vie quotidienne, du SMS au papotage, n’arrivent pas à s’expliquer selon les catégories en vigueur. C’est surtout leur forme, extravagante, plutôt que leur sens qui est porteuse de toutes sortes d’enjeux sociaux. Pour pouvoir envisager un sens sociologique à ces phénomènes, il s’impose de concevoir une nouvelle perspective épistémologique en sociologie du langage. Il s’agit donc d’un nouveau paradigme, le « langaginal », qui considère le langage par son côté sensible, matériel et esthétique. Le « langagier », en revanche, le paradigme dominant, se caractérise par la rationalité, la normativité et l’instrumentalité. Pour saisir intellectuellement cette « langaginalité », le premier chemin à prendre serait de voir les pratiques langagières telles qu’elles sont . Mais pour y parvenir, il faudra avant tout libérer le langage de la violence, violence faite sur le langage lui-même par la nature du rapport établi entre les mots et les choses au cours de l’histoire : rationalisme et fonctionnalisme.
Banning of Glyphosate and its Impact on Paddy Cultivation: A study in Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Malkanthi S. H. P. , Sandareka U. G. , Wijerathne A. W. , Sivashankar P. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: It is high time to study the impacts of banning of glyphosate in paddy (rice) cultivation in the country as it is important in many aspects of the economy. The quantity of glyphosate has been in use far exceeds the total of all other pesticides especially for paddy cultivation. The government banned glyphosate in order to save Sri Lanka’s agricultural sector especially farmers from the chronic kidney disease (CKD). This unexpected situation has created problems for farmers. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of banning of glyphosate for paddy cultivation in Ratnapura district. Research Method: Ratnapura district was selected as the research area because paddy cultivation has been conducted in many Divisional Secretarial divisions of it. A Sample of 100 paddy farmers was randomly selected and data was collected using a field survey from June to November in 2017. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: Results revealed that most of the paddy farmers are male farmers and they are at their middle ages. They have a significant level of education. However, most of them have very small size farm lands and their monthly income is very low. Furthermore, majority of them have a good understanding about positive and negative aspects of glyphosate. Moreover, some farmers are spending much on other herbicides due to unavailability of glyphosate. Hence, there is a significant difference in cost spent for herbicides before and after banning glyphosate. While some farmers are moving away from farming, some farmers are turning to use cultural practices. Originality/ Value: Farmers wish to move away from glyphosate if they have a suitable alternative. But at the moment they are facing problems due to unavailability of alternatives for glyphosate. So that, finding for a better alternative for the glyphosate is a felt need.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans after Combination Immunotherapy with Pembrolizumab and Ipilimumab
Authors: Balagani Amulya , Arain Muhammad H , Sheshadri Ajay 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor therapies are members of a new, groundbreaking class of drugs that reinvigorate the immune system to directly attack tumors. A rare side effect of checkpoint inhibitor therapy is pneumonitis, which typically presents as an interstitial lung disease. In this case report, we present a patient in whom combination therapy with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab induced severe airflow obstruction. This is the first report that shows that checkpoint inhibitors may induce airflow limitation.
Pneumonitis After Precision Oncology Therapies: A Concise Review
Authors: Jain Akash , Shannon Vickie R. , Sheshadri Ajay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith greater understanding of the molecular biology of cancer, precision oncology therapies are becoming increasingly prevalent. Adverse events associated with these therapies may cause significant harm to patients if not promptly recognized and treated. In this review, we focus on pneumonitis that occurs as a side effect of treatment with precision oncology agents. We discuss the incidence and time to onset of pneumonitis associated with a broad array of precision oncology agents. We highlight the common patterns of pneumonitis and offer a comprehensive approach to evaluation and treatment with therapy-specific guidelines where available.
On Some Generalized Rapoport–Zink Spaces
Authors: Shen Xu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe enlarge the class of Rapoport–Zink spaces of Hodge type by modifying the centers of the associated $p$-adic reductive groups. Such obtained Rapoport–Zink spaces are said to be of abelian type. The class of Rapoport–Zink spaces of abelian type is strictly larger than the class of Rapoport–Zink spaces of Hodge type, but the two type spaces are closely related as having isomorphic connected components. The rigid analytic generic fibers of Rapoport–Zink spaces of abelian type can be viewed as moduli spaces of local $G$-shtukas in mixed characteristic in the sense of Scholze.We prove that Shimura varieties of abelian type can be uniformized by the associated Rapoport–Zink spaces of abelian type. We construct and study the Ekedahl–Oort stratifications for the special fibers of Rapoport–Zink spaces of abelian type. As an application, we deduce a Rapoport–Zink type uniformization for the supersingular locus of the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces in mixed characteristic. Moreover, we show that the Artin invariants of supersingular K3 surfaces are related to some purely local invariants.
Transformative Welfare Reform in Consensus Democracies
Authors: Hemerijck Anton , van Kersbergen Kees 
Published: May 2019

Transformative welfare reform in consensus democracies
This article takes up Lijphart’s claim that consensus democracy is a ‘kinder, gentler’ form of democracy than majoritarian democracy. We zoom in on contemporary welfare state change, particularly the shift towards social investment, and argue that the kinder, gentler hypothesis remains relevant. Consensus democracies stand out in regard to the extent to which their political institutions help to overcome the politically delicate intricacies of governing for the long term. We theorize the features that can help to solve the problem of temporal commitment in democracy through processual mechanisms and illustrate these with short case studies of the contrasting welfare state reform experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Het mededingingsrechtelijke speelveld bij bestuursakkoorden
Authors: van Midden G.J. 
Published: May 2019

Het mededingingsrechtelijke speelveld bij bestuursakkoorden
Afspraken die overheden en ondernemingen in bestuursakkoorden maken kunnen in strijd komen met de (Europese) mededingingsregels. Daarbij lopen niet alleen de ondernemingen een risico, ook overheden riskeren het verwijt tot mededingingsbeperkende gedragingen ‘aan te zetten’ en daarmee de nuttige werking van de mededingingsregels in gevaar te brengen. In een recent wetsvoorstel heeft de regering een wettelijk systeem voorgesteld, waarmee duurzaamheidsinitiatieven van de mededingingsregels kunnen worden uitgezonderd. Dit wetsvoorstel lijkt ook interessant voor bestuursakkoorden. Het is echter onzeker of deze wet in lijn is met het Europese recht. Alternatieven, waaronder de leer van de inherente beperkingen, zijn denkbaar. Zekerheid hierover zal echter van de Commissie of het Hof van Justitie moeten komen.
Effects of species-dominated patches on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage in a degraded grassland in China
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Tang Shiming , Xie Shu , Liu Kesi , Li Jinsheng , Chen Qian , Huang Ding , Wang Kun 
Published: May 2019

Background
Patchy vegetation is a very common phenomenon due to long-term overgrazing in degraded steppe grasslands, which results in substantial uncertainty associated with soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics because of changes in the amount of litter accumulation and nutrition input into soil.

Methods
We investigated soil C and N stocks beneath three types of monodominant species patches according to community dominance. Stipa krylovii patches, Artemisia frigida patches, and Potentilla acaulis patches represent better to worse vegetation conditions in a grassland in northern China.

Results
The results revealed that the soil C stock (0–40 cm) changed significantly, from 84.7 to 95.7 Mg ha−1, and that the soil organic carbon content (0–10 cm) and microbial biomass carbon (0–10 and 10–20 cm) varied remarkably among the different monodominant species communities (P < 0.05). However, soil total nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen showed no significant differences among different plant patches in the top 0–20 cm of topsoil. The soil C stocks under the P. acaulis and S. krylovii patches were greater than that under the A. frigida patch. Our study implies that accurate estimates of soil C and N storage in degenerated grassland require integrated analyses of the concurrent effects of differences in plant community composition.
Effect of meteorological factors on influenza-like illness from 2012 to 2015 in Huludao, a northeastern city in China
Authors: Bai Ying-Long , Huang De-Sheng , Liu Jing , Li De-Qiang , Guan Peng 
Published: May 2019

Background
This study aims to describe the epidemiological patterns of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Huludao, China and seek scientific evidence on the link of ILI activity with weather factors.

Methods
Surveillance data of ILI cases between January 2012 and December 2015 was collected in Huludao Central Hospital, meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to seek the relationship between the number of ILI cases and the meteorological factors. Multiple Smoothing parameter estimation was made on the basis of Poisson distribution, where the number of weekly ILI cases was treated as response, and the smoothness of weather was treated as covariates. Lag time was determined by the smallest Akaike information criterion (AIC). Smoothing coefficients were estimated for the prediction of the number of ILI cases.

Results
A total of 29, 622 ILI cases were observed during the study period, with children ILI cases constituted 86.77%. The association between ILI activity and meteorological factors varied across different lag periods. The lag time for average air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, vapor pressure and relative humidity were 2, 2, 1, 1 and 0 weeks, respectively. Average air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, vapor pressure and relative humidity could explain 16.5%, 9.5%, 18.0%, 15.9% and 7.7% of the deviance, respectively. Among the temperature indexes, the minimum temperature played the most important role. The number of ILI cases peaked when minimum temperature was around −13 °C in winter and 18 °C in summer. The number of cases peaked when the relative humidity was equal to 43% and then began to decrease with the increase of relative humidity. When the humidity exceeded 76%, the number of ILI cases began to rise.

Conclusions
The present study first analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and ILI cases with special consideration of the length of lag period in Huludao, China. Low air temperature and low relative humidity (cold and dry weather condition) played a considerable role in the epidemic pattern of ILI cases. The trend of ILI activity could be possibly predicted by the variation of meteorological factors.
Sleeping, sleeping environments, and human errors in South Korean male train drivers
Authors: Lee Dong-Wook , Kim Seog Ju , Shin Na Young , Lee Won Joon , Lee Dasom , Jang Joon Hwan , Choi Soo-Hee , Kang Do-Hyung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Reducing human errors caused by daytime sleepiness among train drivers is important to prevent train accidents. Our purpose of the study was to investigate the association among sleep, workplace sleeping environments, and human errors.

Methods
We recruited 144 South Korean train drivers belongs to the Korean Railroad Corporation. This cross-sectional data was analyzed to investigate the association of insomnia (insomnia severity index), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), obstructive sleep apnea (Berlin questionnaire), and daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale) with human error and near-miss experiences. We examined whether human error and near-miss events were associated with various sleeping environments at work and at home after adjusting for the sleep indices.

Results
The experience of human errors was associated with insomnia and daytime sleepiness, and near-miss events were associated with insomnia among South Korean drivers. Sleeping environments including cold temperature and odor were related to both human errors and near-miss events among South Korean train drivers, after adjusted for age, working years, shiftwork, obesity, smoking, binge drinking, regular exercise, caffeine consumption, sleep quality, severity of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions
The train drivers’ workplace sleeping environment is significantly associated with human error events and near-miss events after adjusting for sleep quality, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. To prevent train accidents caused by human errors, more attention is necessary for improving workplace sleeping environments.
Usnic acid modifies MRSA drug resistance through down‐regulation of proteins involved in peptidoglycan and fatty acid biosynthesis
Authors: Sinha Sneha , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Kumar Parmanand , Kumar Rajiv , Joshi Robin , Pal Anirban , Darokar Mahendra P. 
Published: May 2019

Multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections place a huge burden on the healthcare sector and the wider community. An increasing rate of infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has necessitated the development of alternative agents. We previously reported that usnic acid (UA) has activity against MRSA; here, we report the effect of UA in combination with norfloxacin on the drug resistance of MRSA clinical isolates. We observed that the combination of UA–norfloxacin significantly reduces the bacterial burden in mouse models infected with S. aureus, without causing any detectable associated toxicity. Proteomic analysis indicated that UA–norfloxacin induces oxidative stress within cells, which leads to membrane damage and inhibits metabolic activity and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and fatty acids. Collectively, this study provides evidence that UA in combination with norfloxacin may be a potential candidate for development into a resistance‐modifying agent for the treatment of invasive MRSA infections.
Tuning Long‐Lived Mn(II) Upconversion Luminescence through Alkaline‐Earth Metal Doping and Energy‐Level Tailoring
Authors: Liu Xiaowang , Yi Zhigao , Qin Xian , Liu Hong , Huang Wei , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCrystal‐site engineering of hexagonal‐phase NaGdF4:Mn through alkaline‐earth metal (A2+) doping is used to tune the upconversion luminescence of the Mn2+ dopants. Experimental and calculated results show the ability of A2+ doping to alter the occupancy site of Mn2+ ion from Na+ to Gd3+, thus enabling an emission change from green (520 nm) to yellow (583 nm) upon excitation at 980 nm. The yellow emission of Mn2+ shows a long emission lifetime of 65 ms, more than three times longer than the green emission of Mn2+ (20 ms). The combination of tunable long‐lived Mn2+ emission with lanthanide emission at a single‐particle level provides a convenient route to triple transient upconversion color codes upon dynamic excitation, which offers an attractive optical feature particularly suitable for efficient document encoding.
Thioesters as Bifunctional Reagents for 2‐Naphthylamine Sulfuracylation
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Yuan Shanshan , Wang Dahan , Liu Saiwen , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient and convenient strategy for the preparation of diaryl sulfides via a Fe‐promoted direct sulfuracylation of 2‐naphthylamine using thioesters as bifunctional reagents is described. This synthetic strategy features high chemoselectivity, good substrate scope and functional group tolerance.magnified image
ICET – A Python Library for Constructing and Sampling Alloy Cluster Expansions
Authors: Ångqvist Mattias , Muñoz William A. , Rahm J. Magnus , Fransson Erik , Durniak Céline , Rozyczko Piotr , Rod Thomas H. , Erhart Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlloy cluster expansions (CEs) provide an accurate and computationally efficient mapping of the potential energy surface of multi‐component systems that enables comprehensive sampling of the many‐dimensional configuration space. Here, integrated cluster expansion toolkit (ICET), a flexible, extensible, and computationally efficient software package, is introduced for the construction and sampling of CEs. ICET is largely written in Python for easy integration in comprehensive workflows, including first‐principles calculations for the generation of reference data and machine learning libraries for training and validation. The package enables training using a variety of linear regression algorithms with and without regularization, Bayesian regression, feature selection, and cross‐validation. It also provides complementary functionality for structure enumeration and mapping as well as data management and analysis. Potential applications are illustrated by two examples, including the computation of the phase diagram of a prototypical metallic alloy and the analysis of chemical ordering in an inorganic semiconductor.
Photoactivatable Fluorogenic Labeling via Turn‐On “Click‐Like” Nitroso‐Diene Bioorthogonal Reaction
Authors: Li Bai , Zhou Xian‐Hao , Yang Peng‐Yu , Zhu Liping , Zhong Yuan , Cai Zhengjun , Jiang Biao , Cai Xiaoqing , Liu Jia , Jiang Xianxing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFluorogenic labeling enables imaging cellular molecules of interest with minimal background. This process is accompanied with the notable increase of the quantum yield of fluorophore, thus minimizing the background signals from unactivated profluorophores. Herein, the development of a highly efficient and bioorthogonal nitroso‐based Diels–Alder fluorogenic reaction is presented and its usefulness is validated as effective and controllable in fluorescent probes and live‐cell labeling strategies for dynamic cellular imaging. It is demonstrated that nitroso‐based cycloaddition is an efficient fluorogenic labeling tool through experiments of further UV‐activatable fluorescent labeling on proteins and live cells. The ability of tuning the fluorescence of labeled proteins by UV‐irradiation enables selective activation of proteins of interest in a particular cell compartment at a given time point, while leaving the remaining labeled molecules untouched.
Improved Thermoelectric Properties of Hot‐Extruded Bi–Te–Se Bulk Materials with Cu Doping and Property Predictions via Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Yokoyama Yuuki , Onda Tetsuhiko , Adachi Yoshitaka , Chen Zhong‐Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCu‐doped Bi2Te2.85Se0.15bulk thermoelectric materials are fabricated using a hot‐extrusion technique. The Cu atoms are found to intercalate into interstitial sites between the Te(1)–Te(1) layers, which results in a reduction in the carrier concentration, and thus increases in the related Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity and a decrease in the carrier thermal conductivity. A resultingZTmaxvalue of 0.86 is obtained in the Cu0.05Bi2Te2.85Se0.15sample, which is 83% higher than that of the Cu‐free sample. As data‐driven materials science is becoming increasingly important for materials design, quantitative information on the processing, microstructure, and properties of the hot‐extruded materials is also estimated using a machine learning approach, where property predictions are conducted using an artificial neural network model. Moreover, an inverse exploration of the potential best material properties and their corresponding microstructure and processing is further attempted by using a Bayesian optimization algorithm. This study is expected to provide a new route to fabrication of high‐performance Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials with a focus on data‐driven materials design.