bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Instability and Herding Behaviour: Evidence from Egypt’s Stock Market
Authors: Mertzanis Charilaos , Allam Noha 
Published: February 2018

This article examines the existence of herding behaviour in the Egyptian stock market during the 2011 revolution period. Using daily and monthly data, we test for the existence of herding for the whole period, as well as for the pre- and post-revolution phases. For the whole period, our results fail to provide evidence of herding behaviour in the Egyptian stock market, but do provide evidence of adverse herding behaviour that exhibits non-linearity. The results also fail to provide evidence of herding behaviour during bull and bear markets, and show that herding behaviour is a short-lived phenomenon. When the pre- and post-revolution phases are considered separately, the results provide evidence of weak adverse herding for both phases and of adverse herding in bullish markets, but they are inconclusive regarding bearish markets. JEL Classification: G10, G15
Isotropic polyconvex electromagnetoelastic bodies
Authors: Šilhavý M 
Published: February 2018

The recent renewal of interest in nonlinear electromagnetoelastic interactions comes from the technological importance of electro- or magnetosensitive elastomers, smart materials whose mechanical properties change instantly on the application of an electric or magnetic field. We consider materials with free energy functions of the form [Formula: see text], where F is the deformation gradient, d is the electric displacement, and b is the magnetic induction. It was recently shown by the author that such an energy function is polyconvex if and only if it is of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a convex function (of 31 scalar variables). Moreover, an existence theorem was proved for the equilibrium solution for a system consisting of a polyconvex electromagnetoelastic solid plus the vacuum electromagnetic field outside the body. The condition (8), is not just the combination of Ball’s polyconvexity of elastomers [Formula: see text] with the convexity in the electromagnetic variables. The differential constraints div [Formula: see text], div [Formula: see text] allow for the cross mechanical–electric and mechanical–magnetic terms Fd and Fb which substantially enlarge the class of energies covered by the theory. The result (*), applies to a material of any symmetry; this paper analyzes the condition in the case of isotropic materials. A broad sufficient condition for the polyconvexity is given in that case. Further, it is shown that the commonly used isotropic electroelastic or magnetoelastic invariants are polyconvex except for the biquadratic ones; the paper explicitly determines their quasiconvex envelopes and shows that they are polyconvex.
Increase in Oxytocin From Skin-to-Skin Contact Enhances Development of Parent–Infant Relationship
Authors: Vittner Dorothy , McGrath Jacqueline , Robinson JoAnn , Lawhon Gretchen , Cusson Regina , Eisenfeld Leonard , Walsh Stephen , Young Erin , Cong Xiaomei 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To examine changes that occur in infant and parent salivary oxytocin (OT) and salivary cortisol (SC) levels during skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and whether SSC alleviates parental stress and anxiety while also supporting mother–father–infant relationships. Methods: This randomized crossover study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with a sample of 28 stable preterm infants and their parents. Saliva samples were collected from infants, mothers, and fathers on Days 1 and 2 (1/parent) for OT and cortisol measurement pre-SSC, during a 60-min SSC session, and a 45-min post-SSC. Parental anxiety was measured at the same time points. Parent–infant interaction was examined prior to discharge on Day 3 via video for synchrony and responsiveness using Dyadic Mutuality Coding. Results: Salivary OT levels increased significantly during SSC for mothers ( p < .001), fathers ( p < .002), and infants ( p < .002). Infant SC levels decreased significantly ( p < .001) during SSC as compared to before and after SSC. Parent anxiety scores were significantly related to parent OT and SC levels. Parents with higher OT levels exhibited more synchrony and responsiveness ( p < .001) in their infant interactions. Conclusion: This study addresses a gap in understanding the mechanisms linking parent–infant contact to biobehavioral responses. SSC activated OT release and decreased infant SC levels. Facilitation of SSC may be an effective intervention to reduce parent and infant stress in the NICU. Findings advance the exploration of OT as a potential moderator for improving responsiveness and synchrony in parent–infant interactions.
Delayed Onset of Sleep in Adolescents With PAX6 Haploinsufficiency
Authors: Hanish Alyson E. , Han Joan C. 
Published: February 2018

Objective: PAX6 haploinsufficiency ( +/−) can occur due to mutations involving only PAX6 in patients with isolated aniridia or as contiguous gene deletions in patients with Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and range of developmental and intellectual disabilities syndrome. Given the role of PAX6 in pineal development and circadian regulation, adolescents with PAX6+/− may experience sleep–wake disturbances. The purpose of this observational study was to explore sleep-related phenotypes in adolescents with PAX6+/−. Methods: This study compared sleep phenotypes of nine subjects with PAX6+/− (aged 10–19 years) with previously published data on healthy adolescents ( n = 25, aged 10–18 years). Subjects completed the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance (v. 1.0; 8a), and PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment (v. 1.0; 8b) Questionnaires and wore actigraphs for seven nights to record sleep patterns. Results: Total CASQ, PROMIS sleep-related impairment, and PROMIS sleep disturbance scores were not statistically different between the groups ( ps > .15). Actigraph data for lights off to sleep-onset time were found to be significantly higher in subjects with PAX6+/− versus the healthy comparison group (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval]: 20.1 min [8.1, 49.8] vs. 6.2 min [3.7, 10.4], respectively, p = .04). Conclusion: Both adolescents with PAX6+/− and the healthy comparison group on average slept less than 8 hr/night, and overall sleep deprivation in adolescents may have masked differences between groups. This study used rare genetic disorders with biological vulnerability to sleep problems as a genotype–phenotype model. Knowledge of sleep-related phenotypes will assist in designing studies to manage sleep-related symptoms in adolescents.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with teriflunomide in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Camara-Lemarroy Carlos R , Castilló Joaquín , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Tintore Mar , Montalban Xavier 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To describe a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient receiving teriflunomide. Methods: This is a case study. Results: Our patient developed severe hypertriglyceridemia (>5000 mg/dL) while on teriflunomide. The drug was withdrawn. Resolution began over 3 weeks later. Conclusion: We describe the first probable case of teriflunomide-associated severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with multiple sclerosis, an adverse event previously associated with leflunomide in patients with rheumatologic diseases. Clinicians should be aware of this rare but potentially dangerous adverse event.
Community activists from different cultures: Implications for social work
Authors: Zanbar Lea , Itzhaky Haya 
Published: February 2018

Summary Community activists, supervised by macro-intervention social workers, can realize the potential to go from passive consumers of social services to producers of appropriate responses to the needs of their communities. While the literature describes the influence of religious and cultural characteristics on the effectiveness of such interventions, the question of whether there are differences in personal resources and community activity between activists from different cultures has yet to be investigated. The current study compared community activists from the ultra-Orthodox sector in Israel, a traditional society, with activists from the general population, examining personality traits defined in the literature as critical for community activists (self-esteem, mastery), aspects of community activity (client participation, representation, level of activity), and outcomes of community activity (dimensions of well-being). The sample consisted of 351 activists, 163 from the ultra-Orthodox population and 188 from the general population. Findings The findings reveal significant differences between the two groups, with higher levels of most personal and community variables found among the activists from the general population. This is consistent with the literature and may be attributed to the insularity of the ultra-Orthodox sector, which keeps itself apart from society at large. Interestingly, despite the resource deficits in this community, its activists reported higher levels of personal well-being. Applications The findings have implications for researchers and practitioners. They indicate the importance of working closely with the leaders of traditional societies and designing unique methods of social work intervention to enhance the activists’ personal resources and community characteristics, while maintaining cultural sensitivity.
Factors associated with informant-reported cognitive decline in older adults: A systemised literature review
Authors: Morrell Lucy , Camic Paul M , Genis Michelle 
Published: February 2018

Background Dementia diagnoses are typically made where there is a significant, progressive decline in cognitive functioning. Evidence of such decline is increasingly established through information provided by informants. However, some studies demonstrate that informant reports may not always be accurate and may be biased by extraneous factors. This review aimed to elucidate factors that have been identified as potentially having some influence on informant reports of cognitive decline. Method A search of PsychInfo, ASSIA, PubMed and Web of Science databases identified 13 peer-reviewed studies that met criteria for inclusion in the review. Results Reviewed studies provide some evidence for associations between informant-reported cognitive decline and demographic characteristics (patient age, education, ethnicity and informant gender), clinical factors (dementia severity, diagnosis, behavioural disturbance, everyday functioning) and psychological factors (patient depressive symptoms and neuroticism, informant psychological distress and burden). Several methodological limitations of the evidence base were identified. Conclusion Findings suggest that informant-reported cognitive decline may not always be wholly reliable in that information holds potential to be influenced by both patient and informant characteristics. Clinical and empirical implications are discussed.
Telmisartan reverses antiretroviral-induced adipocyte toxicity and insulin resistance in vitro
Authors: Pushpakom Sudeep P , Adaikalakoteswari Antonysunil , Owen Andrew , Back David J , Tripathi Gyanendra , Kumar Sudhesh , McTernan Philip , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: February 2018

Background: Antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients leads to insulin resistance which is central to the pathogenesis of various metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease seen in this patient group. We have investigated the dose–response relationship of telmisartan, an antihypertensive, on adipocytes in vitro in order to determine whether it may have metabolic beneficial effects. Methods: Using in vitro chronic toxicity models (3T3-F442A murine and primary human adipocytes), we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of telmisartan on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic gene expression using lipid accumulation assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Adipokine secretion and expression of insulin signalling mediators were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Telmisartan partially reversed the deleterious effects of antiretrovirals on adipocyte lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic regulators (peroxisome proliferator receptor-gamma and lipin 1), adipokine secretion and expression of the insulin signalling mediator pAktSer473. The metabolic effects of telmisartan followed a non-monotonic response with the maximal effect observed at 5 µM in the primary human adipocyte model. Conclusion: Telmisartan has beneficial metabolic effects in adipocytes in vitro, but its potential to reduce antiretroviral-induced cardiometabolic disease in HIV-infected individuals needs to be evaluated in a well-designed adequately powered clinical trial.
Aspirin use is associated with decreased radiologically-determined thrombus sac volume in abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Balceniuk Mark D , Trakimas Lauren E , Aghaie Claudia , Mix Doran , Rasheed Khurram , Ellis Jennifer , Glocker Roan , Doyle Adam , Stoner Michael C 
Published: February 2018

Introduction Formation and renewal of intramural thrombus is associated with inflammation, and contributes to the complexity of aneurysm repair. Current cardiovascular pharmacotherapy includes several inflammatory modulators such as aspirin, statins, clopidogrel, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of these inflammatory modulators on radiographically-determined thrombus sac volume. Methods Pre-operative computed tomography scans were reviewed in patients who underwent elective infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair. Thrombus sac volume was obtained using a Hounsfield unit restricted region growth algorithm. Co-morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus and post-operative complications were evaluated compared to thrombus sac volume. Receiver–operator characteristic curves were generated for thrombus sac volume and patients on the various cardiovascular pharmacotherapies. Results A total of 266 patients (mean age = 72.6 ± 0.6 years; mean thrombus sac volume = 58.7 (34.4–89.0) cm3) were identified. Acetylsalicylic acid use was associated with a decreased thrombus sac volume ≤50 cm3 (AUC = 0.616, p = 0.013) whereas statins ( p = 0.26), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( p = 0.46), and clopidogrel ( p = 0.62) had no correlation to thrombus sac volume. Diabetes mellitus was not associated with thrombus sac volume ( p = 0.31). Conclusion Acetylsalicylic acid use is associated with decreased thrombus sac volume in a patient population undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysms repair. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid over other anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet agents is possibly attributable to its distinct mechanism of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. Diabetes mellitus, a known correlate of aneurysm incidence, is not associated with thrombus burden. The potential to alter aneurysm thrombus volume, thereby affecting aneurysm morphology, may yield a more favorable aneurysmal repair.
Use of volumetric laser endomicroscopy for determining candidates for endoscopic therapy in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Trindade Arvind J , Benias Petros C , Inamdar Sumant , Fan Cathy , Sethi Amrita , Fukami Norio , Kahn Allon , Kahaleh Michel , Andalib Iman , Sejpal Divyesh V , Rishi Arvind 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAccurate staging of superficial esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) for endoscopic therapy is challenging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be superior to high‐resolution endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE), a second‐generation OCT, has recently become commercially available.ObjectiveTo assess if VLE can determine which patients with superficial ESSC can undergo endoscopic therapy.MethodsThis is a multi‐center retrospective study. Patients were included if (a) they had visible ESCC, (b) they underwent VLE and EUS for staging, and c) if superficial disease was suspected then endoscopic resection had to be performed to have accurate histology to compare the VLE scan to. VLE scans were then compared to the gold standard: histology for superficial disease and EUS for disease T1b and greater.ResultsSeventeen patients were included with the following disease: squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (4 patients), T1a disease (6 patients), T1b (2 patients), T2 disease (2 patients) and T3 disease (3 patients). VLE was able to distinguish superficial disease, defined as disease limited up to the lamina propria, from non‐superficial disease in all cases.ConclusionsVLE may be able to determine which ESCC patients are candidates for endoscopic therapy. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this.
Treatment of burn scars in Fitzpatrick phototype III patients with a combination of pulsed dye laser and non-ablative fractional resurfacing 1550 nm erbium:glass/1927 nm thulium laser devices
Authors: Tao Joy , Champlain Amanda , Weddington Charles , Moy Lauren , Tung Rebecca 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Burn scars cause cosmetic disfigurement and psychosocial distress. We present two Fitzpatrick phototype (FP) III patients with burn scars successfully treated with combination pulsed dye laser (PDL) and non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFL). Case 1: A 30-year-old, FP III woman with a history of a second-degree burn injury to the bilateral arms and legs affecting 30% body surface area (BSA) presented for cosmetic treatment. The patient received three treatments with 595 nm PDL (7 mm, 8 J, 6 ms), six with the 1550 nm erbium:glass laser (30 mJ, 14% density, 4–8 passes) and five with the 1927 nm thulium laser (10 mJ, 30% density, 4–8 passes). Treated burn scars improved significantly in thickness, texture and colour. Case 2: A 33-year-old, FP III man with a history of a second-degree burn injury of the left neck and arm affecting 7% BSA presented for cosmetic treatment. The patient received two treatments with 595 nm PDL (5 mm, 7.5 J, 6 ms), four with the 1550 nm erbium:glass laser (30 mJ, 14% density, 4–8 passes) and two with the 1927 nm thulium laser (10 mJ, 30% density, 4–8 passes). The burn scars became thinner, smoother and more normal in pigmentation and appearance. Discussion: Our patients’ burn scars were treated with a combination of PDL and NAFL (two wavelengths). The PDL targets scar hypervascularity, the 1550 nm erbium:glass stimulates collagen remodelling and the 1927 nm thulium targets epidermal processes, particularly hyperpigmentation. This combination addresses scar thickness, texture and colour with a low side effect profile and is particularly advantageous in patients at higher risk of post-procedure hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Our cases suggest the combination of 595nm PDL plus NAFL 1550 nm erbium:glass/1927 nm thulium device is effective and well-tolerated for burn scar treatment in skin of colour.
Variability of United States Online Rehabilitation Protocols for Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair
Authors: Lightsey Harry M. , Kantrowitz David E. , Swindell Hasani W. , Trofa David P. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Lynch T. Sean 
Published: February 2018

Background: The optimal postoperative rehabilitation protocol following repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures is the subject of ongoing investigation, with a need for more standardized regimens and evidence-based modalities. Purpose: To assess the variability across proximal hamstring tendon repair rehabilitation protocols published online by United States (US) orthopaedic teaching programs. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Online proximal hamstring physical therapy protocols from US academic orthopaedic programs were reviewed. A web-based search using the search term complete proximal hamstring repair rehabilitation protocol provided an additional 14 protocols. A comprehensive scoring rubric was developed after review of all protocols and was used to assess each protocol for both the presence of various rehabilitation components and the point at which those components were introduced. Results: Of 50 rehabilitation protocols identified, 35 satisfied inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Twenty-five protocols (71%) recommended immediate postoperative bracing: 12 (34%) prescribed knee bracing, 8 (23%) prescribed hip bracing, and 5 (14%) did not specify the type of brace recommended. Fourteen protocols (40%) advised immediate nonweightbearing with crutches, while 16 protocols (46%) permitted immediate toe-touch weightbearing. Advancement to full weightbearing was allowed at a mean of 7.1 weeks (range, 4-12 weeks). Most protocols (80%) recommended gentle knee and hip passive range of motion and active range of motion, starting at a mean 1.4 weeks (range, 0-3 weeks) and 4.0 weeks (range, 0-6 weeks), respectively. However, only 6 protocols (17%) provided specific time points to initiate full hip and knee range of motion: a mean 8.0 weeks (range, 4-12 weeks) and 7.8 weeks (range, 0-12 weeks), respectively. Considerable variability was noted in the inclusion and timing of strengthening, stretching, proprioception, and cardiovascular exercises. Fifteen protocols (43%) required completion of specific return-to-sport criteria before resuming training. Conclusion: Marked variability is found in both the composition and timing of rehabilitation components across the various complete proximal hamstring repair rehabilitation protocols published online. This finding mirrors the variability of proposed rehabilitation protocols in the professional literature and represents an opportunity to improve patient care.
Effect of mechanical activation on catalytic properties of Fe2O3-pillared bentonite for Fenton-like reaction
Authors: Wei G.T. , Li Y.S. , Zhang L.Y. , Li Z.M. , Deng Y. , Shao L.H. , Mo J .H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA layered composite of Fe2O3-pillared bentonite (Fe-P-Bet), used as a catalyst in a Fenton-like process, was prepared and then its mechanical activation was studied in detail. The optimum conditions for preparation of Fe-P-Bet and the effects of mechanical activation on the catalytic activity of Fe-P-Bet were investigated systematically. The impact of the mechanical activation on the catalytic activity was affected by the filling ratio of the grinding medium, by the combination of different sized milling balls, by the rotation speed of the planet carrier, by the milling time and by the powder-to-ball ratio. Compared with the removal ratio of orange II of 14.5%, catalysed by Fe-P-Bet, the removal ratio catalysed by activated Fe2O3-pillared bentonite (A-Fe-P-Bet) was as high as 93.6%, and A-Fe-P-Bet had the merit of good stability and only a small amount of Fe leaching during the Fenton-like process. The catalysts prepared were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and by the BET method; A-Fe-P-Bet has a small particle size and a rough surface. The lattice distortion and decrease in the crystal size of α-Fe2O3, as well as damage to the layer structure of smectite in the bentonite, were the main reasons for the increase in the catalytic activity of A-Fe-P-Bet. The results indicated that mechanical activation was an easy and effective method for improving the catalytic activity of this bentonite-based layered composite and that A-Fe-P-Bet was a safe, ‘green’, catalyst material for use in Fenton-like oxidation during treatment of wastewater.