bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Workshop for Detection of Heparin-induced Antibodies: Validation of the Heparin-induced Platelet-activation Test (HIPA) in Comparison with a PF4/Heparin ELISA
Authors: Eichler P. , Budde U. , Haas S. , Kroll H. , Loreth R. M. , Meyer O. , Pachmann U. , Pötzsch B. , Schabel A. , Albrecht D. , Greinacher A. 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Background. No data exist regarding the inter-laboratory reproducibility of the heparin-induced-platelet-activation (HIPA) test, the most widely used functional assay in Germany for the detection of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies. Methods. Nine laboratories used an identical protocol to test eight different sera with the HIPA test. Five laboratories also tested the sera with a platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin-complex ELISA. Cross-reactivity with danaparoid-sodium was assessed using 0.2 aFXa units instead of heparin in the HIPA test. Results. Two of nine laboratories had no discrepant HIPA test results. Four laboratories differed in one sample, one reported two discrepant results, and two laboratories reported more than two discrepant results. Cross-reactivity with danaparoid-sodium test results differed among laboratories. PF4/heparin ELISA results were identical in all five laboratories. Conclusion. The HIPA test requires strict quality control measures. Using both a sensitive functional assay (HIPA test) and a PF4/heparin ELISA will allow detection of antibodies directed to antigens other than PF4/heparin complexes as well as detection of IgM and IgA antibodies with PF4/heparin specificity.
Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor—A Diagnostic Challenge: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Maheshwari Ekta , Ram Roopa , Pandey Tarun , Bajaj Gitanjali , Jambhekar Kedar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare lesion of unknown origin, characterized by proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and invasion of inflammatory cells. Although benign, it has the propensity to mimic malignant masses given its nonspecific symptoms and imaging manifestations. We present a case of hepatic IPT with variable interpretation on different imaging modalities, called as abscess on computed tomography (CT) and neoplasm on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Hence it is important to recognize this as a distinct clinical entity and include it in the differential of liver masses with atypical imaging findings.
Retrospective Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography-Based Staging of Wilms’ Tumor in the Era of Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Pathak Garima , Kembhavi Seema , Popat Palak , Qureshi Sajid , Ramadwar Mukta , Vora Tushar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)–based staging of Wilms’ tumor (WT) in comparison with surgical-pathological staging (reference standard) and to assess the interobserver agreement in predicting CT stage for WT.
Method Retrospective audit of 50 consecutive cases of WT meeting our eligibility criteria was performed, and an electronic database of CT scan findings, intraoperative findings, and final histopathology staging were created. Two radiologists blinded to surgical and histologic findings reviewed the CT scans, using multiplanar reformations to assess various parameters pertaining to tumor extent and assign a possible stage, which was then compared with the final surgical-pathological stage. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ-coefficient.
Results CT scan correctly staged 31 (62%) of 50 WT cases (both observers’ consensus data, all stages combined). CT accuracy was 37.5% in stage I disease, 66% in stage II disease, and 75% in stage III. There was substantial interobserver agreement (in 80% of the cases) in assigning the stage. Subset analysis showed a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) in detecting renal vein thrombosis. The negative predictive value (NPV) for ureteric involvement was 91 to 93%, and that for retroperitoneal adenopathy, it was 93 to 97%.
Conclusion The accuracy of CT in staging WT is dependent on the disease stage. While it overestimates the extent of the disease in early stage, it predicts the advanced stage with very good accuracy and can be used to avoid upfront surgeries in locally advanced WT.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Maheshwari Ekta , Bajaj Gitanjali , Jambhekar Kedar , Pandey Tarun , Ram Roopa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the pretreatment assessment of primary rectal cancer. The success of this technique depends on obtaining good-quality high-resolution T2-weighted images of the primary tumor, orthogonal to rectal lumen. The goal of magnetic resonance staging is to identify patients who will benefit from neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery to minimize postoperative recurrence and planning of optimal surgical approach. MRI also facilitates optimal identification of important prognostic factors, which improves both treatment selection and posttreatment follow-up. The objective of this article is to review the existing literature and provide a concise update on various aspects of rectal cancer imaging, discuss the current role of advanced imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted and perfusion imaging in the evaluation of rectal cancer, and to assess response to therapy.
An Interesting Case of a Large Cystic Mesothelioma of the Omentum in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Periyasamy Gnanasekar , Kumarasamy Sivasundhar , Sekhar Karumuri Srinivas , Vaithyanathan Malathi , Sengottaiyan Saravanakumar , Shanmugasundaram Saravanan Thangam , Gnanasambandam Kumaragurubaran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present an interesting case of a large intra-abdominal cystic lesion in a 14-year-old girl who presented with abdominal discomfort and pain. The patient was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and found to have a large septated cystic lesion arising from the gastrohepatic omentum. She underwent surgery, and the diagnosis of cystic mesothelioma was confirmed in the histopathology. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of benign omental mesothelial cysts have been reported.
Inflammatory Periimplant Diseases and the Periodontal Connection Question
Authors: Passariello Claudio , Di Nardo Dario , Testarelli Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImplant therapy has become a widespread reality in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, dental implants can fail due to different causes, among which inflammatory peri-implant diseases (IPDs) are a major challenge, with prevalences that are much higher than previously believed.Specific searches were undertaken for each question raised between October and November 2017, in the PubMed website database (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, United States). Only articles written in English and published from 2007 onward were considered initially. The following keywords were used in the searches “periimplantitis (PI),” “periimplant mucositis (PM),” “dental implant failure,” “periimplant microbiota,” “periodontal microbiota,” “implant failure” (no temporal limit), and “foreign body reaction” (no temporal limit). The selection process resulted in the selection of 239 articles that were analyzed in detail in elaborating this review. The reference list was limited to the 47 most relevant articles due to editorial limits of this Journal.Intrinsic differences between natural teeth and dental implants are able to give rise to inflammatory diseases that share only minor and scarcely relevant characters, and would consequently deserve different and specifically designed instruments and strategies, for both diagnosis and therapy.
The Radiologist and the Surgeon: The Journey from a Support Staff to the Most Valuable Player of the Clinical Team
Authors: Ramamurthy Anand 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdvancement in understanding of disease and availability of state-of-the-art tools for diagnosis and management have brought the radiologist and the surgeon closer. Close cooperation between them starting from initial presentation to postoperative follow-up spanning diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, interventions to management of disease sequelae, and complications has become the norm. This has benefited both clinicians and patients alike. Although better tools help in increasing accuracy, accuracy by itself does not imply precision. Technology cannot be a substitute for good clinical acumen or interaction between the surgeon and the radiologist. It is desirable that radiologists working in tertiary referral centers focus on two or three system-based specialties, so that they can keep pace with the latest developments in the field and deliver quality care. The new-age radiologist and surgeon should adapt to this changing scenario and increasing expectations. In the pursuit of clinical excellence, the radiologist has become the most valuable player in the clinical team.
Analysis of the Escherichia coli extracellular vesicle proteome identifies markers of purity and culture conditions
Authors: Hong Jiwon , Dauros‐Singorenko Priscila , Whitcombe Alana , Payne Leo , Blenkiron Cherie , Phillips Anthony , Swift Simon 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBacteria release nano‐sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular milieu. Bacterial EVs contain molecular cargo originating from the parent bacterium and have important roles in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. Using 8‐plex iTRAQ approaches, we profiled the EV proteome of two Escherichia coli strains, uropathogenic (UPEC) 536 and probiotic Nissle 1917. For these strains, we compared the proteome of crude input EVs prepared by ultracentrifugation alone with EVs purified by either density gradient centrifugation (DGC) or size exclusion chromatography (SEC). We further compared the proteome of EVs from bacterial cultures that were grown in iron‐restricted (R) and iron‐supplemented (RF) conditions. Overall, outer membrane components were highly enriched, and bacterial inner membrane components were significantly depleted in both UPEC and Nissle EVs, in keeping with an outer membrane origin. In addition, we found enrichment of ribosome‐related Gene Ontology terms in UPEC EVs and proteins involved in glycolytic processes and ligase activity in Nissle EVs. We have identified that three proteins (RbsB of UPEC in R; YoeA of UPEC in RF; BamA of Nissle in R) were consistently enriched in the DGC‐ and SEC‐purified EV samples in comparison to their crude input EV, whereas conversely the 60 kDa chaperonin GroEL was enriched in the crude input EVs for both UPEC and Nissle in R condition. Such proteins may have utility as technical markers for assessing the purity of E. coli EV preparations. Several proteins were changed in their abundance depending on the iron availability in the media. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011345. In summary, we have undertaken a comprehensive characterization of the protein content of E. coli EVs and found evidence of specific EV cargos for physiological activity and conserved protein cargo that may find utility as markers in the future.Abbreviation: DGC: density gradient centrifugation; DTT: 1,4‐dithiothreitol; EV: extracellular vesicles; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; R: iron‐restricted; RF: iron‐supplemented; iTRAQ: isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; OMV: outer membrane vesicle; SWATH‐MS: sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra; SEC: size exclusion chromatography.
Formation of ultrathin MoS2films using laser-based methods
Authors: Fominski V Yu , Romanov R I , Nevolin V N , Fominski D V , Komleva O V , Popov V V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA comparative analysis of the abilities of several novel methods to produce ultrathin molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) films containing from 1 to 10 molecular layers was carried out. To deposit MoSxfilms and MoOxprecursor films, the atomic flux was formed by laser ablation of Mo, MoS2, and MoO3targets. Saturation with sulphur of the deposited layers was performed using a reactive gas (hydrogen sulphide) or by thermally activated treatment of thin-film precursors in a sulphur vapor. It has been established that the use of hydrogen sulphide makes it possible to obtain ultrathin MoS2films at relatively low temperatures ∼ 350 °C. However, these films contained local defects which were absent in the films prepared by the treatment of thin film MoOxprecursors in sulphur vapours at higher temperatures (≥ 650°C).
Selection of pulsed laser deposition conditions for preparation of perfect thin-film MoSx hydrogen evolution catalysts
Authors: Nevolin V N , Fominski D V , Romanov R I , Esin M I , Fominski V Y , Kartsev P F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The influence of pulsed laser deposition conditions in the geometry “off-axis” on the catalytic properties of MoS
x
films in the hydrogen evolution reaction is investigated. For the deposition of MoS
x
films from MoS2 target, pulsed laser radiation from the IR and UV wavelength ranges was used. The angle of incidence of the laser-induced plume on the surface of the substrate in a buffer gas was varied to check the influence of large in-size Mo-enriched particles. The efficiency of the catalyst was estimated from the results of the turnover frequency (TOF) measurement, which made it possible to minimize the influence of the “loading” of the catalyst on its characteristics. The effects of the chemical composition, local structure, and properties of the catalyst–substrate interface on the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction are analysed. The regime of pulsed laser deposition of more effective thin-film MoS
x
catalysts is determined.
Laser Milling Ceramics Dioxide Zirconium and Disilicate of Lithium
Authors: Panov D V , Petrovskiy V N , Ushakov D V , Osintsev A V , Dzhumaev P S , Polskiy V I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the possibility of using laser milling technology for precision processing of ceramic samples from pre-sintered and sintered ceramics zirconia and lithium disilicate. To find the best radiation source were compared different lasers. To find highest removal rate with acceptable accuracy was studied influence laser and scanning system parameters on ceramics. Accuracy problem of laser milling was considered. Examples of surfaces of prostheses were made.
Generalization of the discrete and continuous Shannon entropy by positive definite functions related to the constant of motion of the non-linear Lotka-Volterra system
Authors: Dubois Daniel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In cybernetics, the Shannon formula is a positive function that measures the entropy of discrete probability distributions. The conversion of this formula to continuous probability distributions gives the infinity and negativity catastrophes, similar to the problem of renormalisation in physics. This paper suggests a solution to these two open problems, in starting from the derivation of positive definite functions from the Shannon entropy. These definite positive functions are related to the constant of motion of the non-linear Lotka-Volterra system. Then these positive definite functions are generalized for exchange of information with both discrete and continuous probability distributions. These functions generalized the Kullback-Leibler and Wiener information gain. A practical example is presented which shows a remarkable result with a scale invariance of the information gain. Then in this paper, we recall the properties of the differential equations of the non-linear Volterra predator-prey system and of the autocatalytic system of Lotka. As this paper deals with the conversion of discrete information to continuous information, we have developed the presentation of the discrete Lotka-Volterra equations. The numerical simulation of the hyperincursive discrete Lotka-Volterra equations shows an orbital stability. Moreover it is demonstrated that the hyperincursive discrete Lotka-Volterra equations are separable into two alternating discrete incursive Lotka-Volterra equations, similar to the hyperincursive discrete harmonic oscillator.
Instability physics: Consciousness and collapse of the wave function
Authors: Hankey Alex 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Roger Penrose has long supported the view that wave function collapse, or more accurately wave packet reduction, is one of the defining aspects of consciousness In collaboration with Stuart Hameroff, he has suggested that it can be achieved by quantum gravity, giving rise to their well-known Orch OR theory of wave function collapse Their theory has a fundamental disadvantage, however Quantum gravity is too general; it applies at all points where matter is present, ie in all kinds of circumstance where wave packet reduction is not observed There is no hint as to why cell interiors are of special importance That assumption cannot be justified However, the Orch OR approach does acknowledge that only a situation governed by purely non-linear physics can offer circumstances where quantum wave-packets will be reduced; non-linearity must be at the heart of the theory This paper identifies a biological condition of non-linearity providing an advantageous way to explain objective reduction, OR, of wave packets: critical instability in complexity biology, known as ‘criticality’ The condition provides a rigorous reason why wave packet reduction should occur; one grounded in well-accepted modern biology, complexity biology This paper develops the idea further: it demonstrates how critical instabilities are found not in the cytoplasmic reticulum where Penrose and Hameroff site their Orch OR, but under the very circumstances where one would expect consciousness to be located: at the loci of control of biological regulatory systems Wave packet reduction can then select the future that the organism desires, doing so on a microscopic quantum level
Quantum extension for Newton’s law of motion
Authors: Kamalov T F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main idea of I. Newton in Principia is a description of the laws of motion by a second-order differential equation. Classical Newtonian physics can describe stability trajectories in Inertial Reference Frames and some Non-Inertial ones. The variation of the action functional S of stability trajectories equals to zero. The observational error is including the influence of the random fields’ background to the particle. Can we use another description in the form of a high-order differential equation? The high-order derivatives can be used as additional variables accounting for the influence of random fields background. Trajectories due the influence of the random fields’ background can be called instability random trajectories. They can be described by high order derivatives. Then the stability classical trajectories to be complemented by additional instability random trajectories. Quantum objects are described by the trajectory with neighborhoods. Quantum Probability can describe quantum objects in random fields. The variation of the action functional S is defined by the Planck constant. For the common description of quantum theory and high-order theory, let us compare r-neighborhoods of quantum action functional with r-neighborhoods of the action functional of a high-order theory.
Clusterin accumulates in synapses in Alzheimer’s disease and is increased in apolipoprotein E4 carriers
Authors: Jackson Rosemary J , Rose Jamie , Tulloch Jane , Henstridge Chris , Smith Colin , Spires-Jones Tara L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOne of the major challenges in developing effective therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease is understanding how genetic risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration. The apolipoprotein epsilon 4 isoform (APOE4) and variants in the Clusterin (CLU) gene (also known as apolipoprotein J) are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s. Our previous work demonstrated that APOE4 exacerbates synapse degeneration and synaptic accumulation of toxic oligomeric amyloid beta in human Alzheimer’s and mouse models of disease. Here, we observe clusterin in synapses in human Alzheimer's disease brain. The percentage of synapses containing clusterin is higher in APOE4 carriers than APOE3 carriers. Furthermore, we observe oligomeric amyloid beta accumulation within synapses containing clusterin which is also higher in APOE4 carriers. These data link two genetic risk factors with synapse degeneration in Alzheimer’s and support a potential role for clusterin working with APOE in causing synaptic damage.
Quantitation of dietary dihydrochalcones in Indian crabapple (Malus sikkimensis) using validated high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Dixit Shalini , Maurya Priyanka , Srivastava Madhumita , Shanker Karuna , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar U , Gupta Madan M , Rai Lalit Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the present study, a systematic validated method was developed for the determination of two key dietary dihydrochalcones (DHC) viz. phloridzin (PZ) and phloretin (PT) in the leaves of Sikkim crabapple (Malus sikkimensis) using HPLC-Photo Diode Array (PDA). Chromatographic separation was optimized on a C18 column using a gradient elution of water/acetonitrile with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 25°C at 280 nm. Sample preparation approach is rapid and energy efficient, and it requires no pre-concentration before analysis. Validation showed a good analytical performance in terms of specificity, linearity (r2 > 0.999), precision (% RSD < 1.08), recovery (97–100.4%) and sensitivities (limits of detection: 12.48 and 14.95 ng/mL; limit of quantification: 41.61 and 49.85 ng/mL) of PZ and PT, respectively. Developed approach was employed for targeted phytochemical analysis in the bark and fruits of M. sikkimensis. The PZ content in the bark and leaves was highest (12–13 mg/100 mg), about 90-fold higher than fruits. PT was only present in the leaves (0.57 mg/100 mg). The comparative data on PZ and PT content in various wild apple species/cultivar from different countries have also been discussed. The reliability of the validated method was established by analyzing global and expanded uncertainties in two DHC determinations in wild apple. The present method fulfills the technical requirement of ISO 17025:2017 for quality control of M. sikkimensis.
Urbanization and elevated cholesterol in American Crows
Authors: Townsend Andrea K , Staab Hannah A , Barker Christopher M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although urban areas can be sources of abundant food for wildlife, anthropogenic foods may be lower in quality than natural food sources, with possible consequences for birds. We examined how urbanization and anthropogenic food were linked to cholesterol levels, condition, and survival of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). We collected cholesterol and landscape data from 140 crow nestlings along an urban-to-rural gradient in Davis, California, USA. We also ran a supplementation experiment with high-cholesterol fast food (McDonald’s cheeseburgers) on 86 nestlings in a rural population in Clinton, New York, USA. Plasma cholesterol increased with percentage of impervious surface along the urban-to-rural gradient. Cholesterol levels were sensitive to anthropogenic foods: crows supplemented with fast food cheeseburgers had higher cholesterol levels than unsupplemented crows. Elevated cholesterol levels had no detectable effects on survival and were associated with higher indices of body condition, although urbanization itself was linked to lower survival. Elevated cholesterol levels could indicate access to high-calorie, high-fat anthropogenic foods, which might, in some contexts, improve body condition, potentially offsetting other negative effects of urbanization. Observations over a longer time scale, assessing additional indices of health and fitness, are needed to evaluate long-term costs or benefits of elevated cholesterol for urban crows.