bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of 2-D Structures by New Strain Based Triangular Element
Authors: Rebiai C. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, a new simple triangular strain based membrane element with drilling rotation for 2-D structures analysis is proposed. This new numerical model can be used for linear and dynamic analysis. The triangular element is named SBTE and it has three nodes with three degrees of freedom at each node. The displacements field of this element is based on the assumed functions for the various strains satisfying the compatibility equations. This developed element passed both patch and benchmark tests in the case of bending and shear problems. For the dynamic analysis, lumped mass with implicit/explicit time integration are employed. The obtained numerical results using the developed element converge toward the analytical and numerical solutions in both analyses.
ON MAXIMAL STABLE QUOTIENTS OF DEFINABLE GROUPS IN NIP THEORIES
Authors: HASKEL MIKE , PILLAY ANAND 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor G a group definable in a saturated model of a NIP theory T, we prove that there is a smallest type-definable subgroup H of G such that the quotient G / H is stable. This generalizes the existence of G00, the smallest type-definable subgroup of G of bounded index.
Variations on a Japanese Temple theorem
Authors: Silvester John R. 
Published: February 2018

The following Japanese Temple geometry theorem appears in Fukagawa and Rigby [1]:Thoerem 1: The products of the radii of the excircles on each pair of opposite sides of a circumscribed quadrilateral are equal.See Figure 1. A circumscribed quadrilateral (also called a tangential quadrilateral) is one that possesses an inscribed circle. Now the diagram contains four lines (the sides of the quadrilateral) and one circle S (the inscribed circle) that touches all four of them; this we call the base circle of the theorem. The other four circles each touch just three of the lines. For the moment, assume no two of these lines are parallel, and also assume that no circle apart from S touches all four lines; the exceptional cases will be discussed in Section 4. So any three of the lines are sides of a triangle.
Influence of food availability on mate-guarding behaviour of ladybirds
Authors: Chaudhary D.D. , Mishra G. , Omkar  
Published: February 2018

AbstractA recent study on ladybird,Menochilus sexmaculatus(Fabricius) demonstrates that males perform post-copulatory mate guarding in the form of prolonged mating durations. We investigated whether food resource fluctuation affects pre- and post-copulatory behaviour ofM. sexmaculatus. It has not been studied before in ladybirds. For this, adults were subjected to prey resource fluctuations sequentially at three levels: post-emergence (Poe; 10 days), pre-mating (Prm; 24 h) and post-mating (Pom; 5 days; only female). The food resource conditions at each level could be any one of scarce, optimal or abundant. Pre-copulatory and post-copulatory behaviour, and reproductive output were assessed. Post-emergence and pre-mating nutrient conditions significantly influenced the pre-copulatory behaviour. Males reared on scarce post-emergence conditions were found to require significantly higher number of mating attempts to establish mating unlike males in the other two food conditions. Under scarce post-emergence and pre-mating conditions, time to commencement of mating and latent period were high but opposite result was obtained for mate-guarding duration. Fecundity and per cent egg viability were more influenced by post-mating conditions, with scarce conditions stopping oviposition regardless of pre-mating and post-emergence conditions. Present results indicate that pre- and post-copulatory behaviour of ladybird is plastic in nature in response to food resource fluctuations.
Sedimentological architecture, shelf-edge trajectories and evolution of an Oligocene reservoir, East Nile Delta – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: SELIM S. S. 
Published: February 2018

The author apologizes that the FirstView publication of this article (Selim, 2016) included a figure (Fig. 12) for which permission had not been granted by the owners, Dana Gas PJSC.The article has been recast, replacing the original Fig. 12 with a new version.
The pre-orogenic detrital zircon record of the Peri-Gondwanan crust
Authors: STEPHAN TOBIAS , KRONER UWE , ROMER ROLF L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a statistical approach to data mining and quantitatively evaluating detrital age spectra for sedimentary provenance analyses and palaeogeographic reconstructions. Multidimensional scaling coupled with density-based clustering allows the objective identification of provenance end-member populations and sedimentary mixing processes for a composite crust. We compiled 58 601 detrital zircon U–Pb ages from 770 Precambrian to Lower Palaeozoic shelf sedimentary rocks from 160 publications and applied statistical provenance analysis for the Peri-Gondwanan crust north of Africa and the adjacent areas. We have filtered the dataset to reduce the age spectra to the provenance signal, and compared the signal with age patterns of potential source regions. In terms of provenance, our results reveal three distinct areas, namely the Avalonian, West African and East African–Arabian zircon provinces. Except for the Rheic Ocean separating the Avalonian Zircon Province from Gondwana, the statistical analysis provides no evidence for the existence of additional oceanic lithosphere. This implies a vast and contiguous Peri-Gondwanan shelf south of the Rheic Ocean that is supplied by two contrasting super-fan systems, reflected in the zircon provinces of West Africa and East Africa–Arabia.
Children with ADHD symptoms show deficits in reactive but not proactive inhibition, irrespective of their formal diagnosis
Authors: van Hulst Branko M. , de Zeeuw Patrick , Vlaskamp Chantal , Rijks Yvonne , Zandbelt Bram B. , Durston Sarah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAttenuated inhibitory control is one of the most robust findings in the neuropsychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether this represents a deficit in outright stopping (reactive inhibition), whether it relates to a deficit in anticipatory response slowing (proactive inhibition), or both. In addition, children with other development disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often have symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity similar to children with ADHD. These may relate to similar underlying changes in inhibitory processing.MethodsIn this study, we used a modified stop-signal task to dissociate reactive and proactive inhibition. We included not only children with ADHD, but also children primarily diagnosed with an ASD and high parent-rated levels of ADHD symptoms.ResultsWe replicated the well-documented finding of attenuated reactive inhibition in children with ADHD. In addition, we found a similar deficit in children with ASD and a similar level of ADHD symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for deficits in proactive inhibition in either clinical group.ConclusionsThese findings re-emphasize the role of reactive inhibition in children with ADHD and ADHD symptoms. Moreover, our findings stress the importance of a trans-diagnostic approach to the relationship between behavior and neuropsychology.
Disciplining Physiological Psychology: Cinematographs as Epistemic Devices in the Work of Henri Bergson and Charles Scott Sherrington
Authors: Quick Tom 
Published: February 2018

ArgumentThis paper arrives at a normative position regarding the relevance of Henri Bergson's philosophy to historical enquiry. It does so via experimental historical analysis of the adaptation of cinematographic devices to physiological investigation. Bergson's philosophy accorded well with a mode of physiological psychology in which claims relating to mental and physiological existence interacted. Notably however, cinematograph-centered experimentation by British physiologists including Charles Scott Sherrington, as well as German-trained psychologists such as Hugo Münsterberg and Max Wertheimer, contributed to a cordoning-off of psychological from physiological questioning during the early twentieth century. Bergson invested in a mode of intellectual practice in which psychological claims had direct relevance to the interpretation of physiological nature. The in-part cinematograph-inspired breakdown of this mode had significance for subsequent interpretations of his philosophy. It is suggested that this experimental particularization of Bergson's contentions indicates that any adaptation of his thought for historical enquiry must be disciplinarily specific.
Comparing Solvency II and Life and General Insurance Capital approaches to capital determination of a life portfolio in the presence of stress scenarios
Authors: Tan Kangjing , Bruhn Aaron 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe European-centric Solvency II and Australian-centric Life and General Insurance Capital regimes are two examples of risk-based approaches to capital determination and risk management for life insurers. Both consist of a three-pillar structure covering capital, risk management and disclosure requirements. We apply the capital requirements of each regime to three synthetic sets of insurance policies, including a risk, annuity and combined portfolios, and consider the impact on capital arising from three separate and relatively severe stress events. Results highlight the relatively capital intensive nature of annuities, the differences between different capital regimes, the significance of solvency II’s matching adjustment and the robustness of each regime to both pandemic and economic stresses. Results also highlight the nature of diversification benefits from within each capital regime, on overall capital requirements.
Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Vernalization: Variation and Genetic Controls
Authors: Lawrence Nevin C. , Hauvermale Amber L. , Burke Ian C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorumL.) is a widely distributed invasive winter annual grass across western North America.Bromus tectorumphenology can vary considerably among populations, and those differences are considered adaptively significant. A consensus hypothesis in the literature attributes the majority of observed differences inB. tectorumphenology to differing vernalization requirements among populations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify differences inB. tectorumvernalization requirements and link vernalization to expression of annual false-brome [Brachypodium distachyon(L.) P. Beauv.]-derived vernalization gene homolog (BdVRN1). Results from this study indicate that variation in time to flowering is partially governed by differing vernalization requirements and that flowering is linked to the expression ofBdVRN1.
Glycogen synthase protects neurons from cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin by enhancing the autophagy flux
Authors: Rai Anupama , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singh Virender , Kumar Vipendra , Mishra Rohit , Thakur Ashwani Kumar , Mahadevan Anita , Shankar Susarla Krishna , Jana Nihar Ranjan , Ganesh Subramaniam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHealthy neurons do not store glycogen while they do possess the machinery for the glycogen synthesis albeit at an inactive state. Neurons in the degenerating brain, however, are known to accumulate glycogen, although its significance was not well understood. Emerging reports present contrasting views on neuronal glycogen synthesis; a few reports demonstrate a neurotoxic effect of glycogen while a few others suggest glycogen to be neuroprotective. Thus, the specific role of glycogen and glycogen synthase in neuronal physiology is largely unexplored. Using cellular and animal models of Huntington’s disease, we show here that the overexpression of cytotoxic mutant huntingtin protein induces glycogen synthesis in the neurons by activating glycogen synthase and the overexpressed glycogen synthase protected neurons from the cytotoxicity of the mutant huntingtin. Exposure of neuronal cells to proteasomal blockade and oxidative stress also activate glycogen synthase to induce glycogen synthesis and to protect against stress-induced neuronal death. We show that the glycogen synthase plays an essential and inductive role in the neuronal autophagic flux, and helps in clearing the cytotoxic huntingtin aggregate. We also show that the increased neuronal glycogen inhibits the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, and thus could directly contribute to its clearance. Finally, we demonstrate that excessive autophagy flux is the molecular basis of cell death caused by the activation of glycogen synthase in unstressed neurons. Taken together, our results thus provide a novel function for glycogen synthase in proteolytic processes and offer insight into the role of glycogen synthase and glycogen in both survival and death of the neurons.
A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow
Authors: Proctor Diana M. , Fukuyama Julia A. , Loomer Peter M. , Armitage Gary C. , Lee Stacey A. , Davis Nicole M. , Ryder Mark I. , Holmes Susan P. , Relman David A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpatial and temporal patterns in microbial communities provide insights into the forces that shape them, their functions and roles in health and disease. Here, we used spatial and ecological statistics to analyze the role that saliva plays in structuring bacterial communities of the human mouth using >9000 dental and mucosal samples. We show that regardless of tissue type (teeth, alveolar mucosa, keratinized gingiva, or buccal mucosa), surface-associated bacterial communities vary along an ecological gradient from the front to the back of the mouth, and that on exposed tooth surfaces, the gradient is pronounced on lingual compared to buccal surfaces. Furthermore, our data suggest that this gradient is attenuated in individuals with low salivary flow due to Sjögren’s syndrome. Taken together, our findings imply that salivary flow influences the spatial organization of microbial communities and that biogeographical patterns may be useful for understanding host physiological processes and for predicting disease.
Development of a chimeric Zika vaccine using a licensed live-attenuated flavivirus vaccine as backbone
Authors: Li Xiao-Feng , Dong Hao-Long , Wang Hong-Jiang , Huang Xing-Yao , Qiu Ye-Feng , Ji Xue , Ye Qing , Li Chunfeng , Liu Yang , Deng Yong-Qiang , Jiang Tao , Cheng Gong , Zhang Fu-Chun , Davidson Andrew D. , Song Ya-Jun , Shi Pei-Yong , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its unexpected association with congenital defects necessitates the rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine. Here we report the development and characterization of a recombinant chimeric ZIKV vaccine candidate (termed ChinZIKV) that expresses the prM-E proteins of ZIKV using the licensed Japanese encephalitis live-attenuated vaccine SA14-14-2 as the genetic backbone. ChinZIKV retains its replication activity and genetic stability in vitro, while exhibiting an attenuation phenotype in multiple animal models. Remarkably, immunization of mice and rhesus macaques with a single dose of ChinZIKV elicits robust and long-lasting immune responses, and confers complete protection against ZIKV challenge. Significantly, female mice immunized with ChinZIKV are protected against placental and fetal damage upon ZIKV challenge during pregnancy. Overall, our study provides an alternative vaccine platform in response to the ZIKV emergency, and the safety, immunogenicity, and protection profiles of ChinZIKV warrant further clinical development.
Shape anisotropy revisited in single-digit nanometer magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Watanabe K. , Jinnai B. , Fukami S. , Sato H. , Ohno H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions play a pivotal role in magnetoresistive random access memories. Successful implementation depends on a simultaneous achievement of low switching current for the magnetization switching by spin transfer torque and high thermal stability, along with a continuous reduction of junction size. Perpendicular easy-axis CoFeB/MgO stacks possessing interfacial anisotropy have paved the way down to 20-nm scale, below which a new approach needs to be explored. Here we show magnetic tunnel junctions that satisfy the requirements at ultrafine scale by revisiting shape anisotropy, which is a classical part of magnetic anisotropy but has not been fully utilized in the current perpendicular systems. Magnetization switching solely driven by current is achieved for junctions smaller than 10 nm where sufficient thermal stability is provided by shape anisotropy without adopting new material systems. This work is expected to push forward the development of magnetic tunnel junctions toward single-digit nm-scale nano-magnetics/spintronics.
Optomechanics with a hybrid carbon nanotube resonator
Authors: Tavernarakis A. , Stavrinadis A. , Nowak A. , Tsioutsios I. , Bachtold A. , Verlot P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn just 20 years of history, the field of optomechanics has achieved impressive progress, stepping into the quantum regime just 5 years ago. Such remarkable advance relies on the technological revolution of nano-optomechanical systems, whose sensitivity towards thermal decoherence is strongly limited due to their ultra-low mass. Here we report a hybrid approach pushing nano-optomechanics to even lower scales. The concept relies on synthesising an efficient optical scatterer at the tip of singly clamped carbon nanotube resonators. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise motion readout and record force sensitivity, two orders of magnitude below the state of the art. Our work opens the perspective to extend quantum experiments and applications at room temperature.
53BP1 can limit sister-chromatid rupture and rearrangements driven by a distinct ultrafine DNA bridging-breakage process
Authors: Tiwari Ankana , Addis Jones Owen , Chan Kok-Lung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChromosome missegregation acts as one of the driving forces for chromosome instability and cancer development. Here, we find that in human cancer cells, HeLa and U2OS, depletion of 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1) exacerbates chromosome non-disjunction resulting from a new type of sister-chromatid intertwinement, which is distinct from FANCD2-associated ultrafine DNA bridges (UFBs) induced by replication stress. Importantly, the sister DNA intertwinements trigger gross chromosomal rearrangements through a distinct process, named sister-chromatid rupture and bridging. In contrast to conventional anaphase bridge-breakage models, we demonstrate that chromatid axes of the intertwined sister-chromatids rupture prior to the breakage of the DNA bridges. Consequently, the ruptured sister arms remain tethered and cause signature chromosome rearrangements, including whole-arm (Robertsonian-like) translocation/deletion and isochromosome formation. Therefore, our study reveals a hitherto unreported chromatid damage phenomenon mediated by sister DNA intertwinements that may help to explain the development of complex karyotypes in tumour cells.
A cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP)-derived peptide attenuates inflammation and organ injury in septic mice
Authors: Zhang Fangming , Brenner Max , Yang Weng-Lang , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a novel sepsis inflammatory mediator and C23 is a putative CIRP competitive inhibitor. Therefore, we hypothesized that C23 can ameliorate sepsis-associated injury to the lungs and kidneys. First, we confirmed that C23 dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α release, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation in macrophages stimulated with CIRP. Next, we observed that male C57BL/6 mice treated with C23 (8 mg/kg BW) at 2 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) had lower serum levels of LDH, ALT, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (reduced by ≥39%) at 20 h after CLP compared with mice treated with vehicle. C23-treated mice also had improved lung histology, less TUNEL-positive cells, lower serum levels of creatinine (34%) and BUN (26%), and lower kidney expression of NGAL (50%) and KIM-1 (86%). C23-treated mice also had reduced lung and kidney levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. E-selectin and ICAM-1 mRNA was significantly lower in C23-treated mice. The 10-day survival after CLP of vehicle-treated mice was 55%, while that of C23-treated mice was 85%. In summary, C23 decreased systemic, lung, and kidney injury and inflammation, and improved the survival rate after CLP, suggesting that it may be developed as a new treatment for sepsis.
3D Plasmon Coupling Assisted Sers on Nanoparticle-Nanocup Array Hybrids
Authors: Seo Sujin , Chang Te-Wei , Liu Gang Logan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnique colorimetric optical properties of nanomaterials can effectively influence the light absorption or emission of molecules. Here, we design plasmonic substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by inducing three-dimensional (3D) hot spots on the sensing surface. The 3D hot spots are formed by the self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) on a 3D plasmonic nanocup array structure. This 3D hot spot formation on the periodic nanocup arrays achieves much higher SERS enhancement factor than the 2D NP arrays, which have been conventionally sought SERS substrates. We also utilize the colorimetric properties of the nanocup arrays for an additional degree of SERS enhancement. Colorimetry, achieved by tunable plasmon resonance wavelength by controlling dielectric property on the nanocup array surface, eases the modulation of the plasmonic resonance condition without modifying the nanostructure design. By continuously monitoring the shifts of the plasmon resonance condition and its effect on the light absorption and emission of the nearby molecules, we verify that larger SERS enhancement is achieved when the plasmon resonance wavelength is matched with the Raman excitation wavelength. The ease of plasmon resonance tuning of this nanocup array-nanoparticle hybrid structure allows versatile SERS enhancement for a variety of different Raman measurement conditions.
The High-Pressure Superconducting Phase of Arsenic
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAb initio random structure searching (AIRSS) technique is predicted a stable structure of arsenic (As). We find that the body-centered tetragonal (bct) structure with spacegroup I41/acd to be the stable structure at high pressure. Our calculation suggests transition sequence from the simple cubic (sc) structure transforms into the host-guest (HG) structure at 41 GPa and then into the bct structure at 81 GPa. The bct structure has been calculated using ab initio lattice dynamics with finite displacement method confirm the stability at high pressure. The spectral function α2F of the bct structure is higher than those of the body-centered cubic (bcc) structure. It is worth noting that both bct and bcc structures share the remarkable similarity of structural and property. Here we have reported the prediction of temperature superconductivity of the bct structure, with a T
c
of 4.2 K at 150 GPa.