Abstract B01: Development of an in vitro drug-profiling platform for functional guidance of treatment decisions and identification of vulnerabilities in chemoresistant relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma tumors
Authors: Schaefer Beat W. , Manzella Gabriele , Roemmele Michaela , Zhang Luduo , Tchinda Joëlle , Niggli Felix , Wachtel Marco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Over the last decades, it has become increasingly clear that tumors are characterized by inter-individual heterogeneity, which can account as one of the prominent reasons for treatment failure. To address this problem, personalized precision medicine approaches need to be applied such as comprehensive genomic profiling to identify actionable driver mutations in individual tumors. Unfortunately, genomics alone is not sufficient in tumors that are driven by mutated but otherwise undruggable targets and a typically low mutational burden. This is a characteristic of many pediatric malignancies including rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common childhood soft-tissue sarcoma.
Hence, we aim to develop an in vitro drug-profiling platform to identify and prioritize treatment strategies for RMS patients. To this end, we generated a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) including some diagnostic and relapse samples. We then screened 18 different culture conditions to identify suitable parameters to establish in vitro primary cultures of PDX tumors. Interestingly, addition of fetal calf serum to cell culture media has a detrimental effect on viability of most primary RMS cell cultures (PRCCs). In contrast, defined serum-free conditions allow to grow primary cultures for several passages that closely preserve the clonal composition and phenotypic characteristics of the parental tumor, as assessed by genomic and copy number analysis. Pharmacologic profiles of PRCCs using a targeted drug library of more than 200 compounds revealed patient-specific vulnerabilities, among them an unexpected sensitivity to AKT inhibitors in some fusion-positive RMS. Interestingly, hierarchical clustering of drug sensitivities clustered PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-positive tumors together and separated them from fusion-negative RMS. Moreover, a screen to establish effective drug combinations in a highly resistant high-risk relapse sample using standard chemotherapeutics (doxorubicin, etoposide, vincristine) together with our targeted compound library revealed the BH3-only mimetic ABT-263 as the top-scoring drug capable of resensitizing recurrent PRCCs to first-line treatment. Resensitizing with ABT-263 was not a patient-specific vulnerability as it was observed in several additional PRCCs. Mechanistically, genetic loss-of-function validation experiments revealed that this occurs via blockade of the BCL-XL-MCL-1 axis and is dependent on upregulation of the BH3-only protein NOXA.
Taken together, our study provides an in vitro tool kit to prioritize actionable drug targets or combinatorial options for RMS patients for whom conventional therapies are failing.
Citation Format: Beat W. Schaefer, Gabriele Manzella, Michaela Roemmele, Luduo Zhang, Joëlle Tchinda, Felix Niggli, Marco Wachtel. Development of an in vitro drug-profiling platform for functional guidance of treatment decisions and identification of vulnerabilities in chemoresistant relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B01.