bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight gain following treatment of hyperthyroidism—A forgotten tale
Authors: Kyriacou Angelos , Kyriacou Alexis , Makris Konstantinos C. , Syed Akheel A. , Perros Petros 
Published: July 2019

SummaryHyperthyroidism causes weight loss in the majority, but its effect is variable and 10% of patients gain weight. Its treatment usually leads to weight gain and some studies have reported an excess weight regain. However, there is considerable inter‐individual variability and a differential effect on body weight by different treatments, with some studies reporting more weight increase with radioiodine, and perhaps surgery, compared with anti‐thyroid drugs. The excess weight regain may relate to treatment‐induced hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism may unmask, or exacerbate, the predisposition that some patients have towards obesity. Other risk factors commonly implicated for such weight increase include the severity of thyrotoxicosis at presentation and underlying Graves' disease. Conflicting data exist whether lean body mass or fat mass or both are increased post‐therapy and whether such increments occur concurrently or in a sequential manner; this merits clarification. In any case, clinicians need to counsel their patients regarding this issue at presentation. Limited data on the effect of dietary interventions on weight changes with treatment of hyperthyroidism are encouraging in that they cause significantly lesser weight gain compared to standard care. More research is indicated on the impact of the treatment of hyperthyroidism on various anthropometric indices and the predisposing factors for any excessive weight gain. Regarding the impact of dietary management or other weight loss interventions, there is a need for well‐designed and, ideally, controlled intervention studies.
Learning through observing: Effects of modeling truth‐ and lie‐telling on children’s honesty
Authors: Engarhos Paraskevi , Shohoudi Azadeh , Crossman Angela , Talwar Victoria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study examined the influence of observing another's lie‐ or truth‐telling – and its consequences – on children's own honesty about a transgression. Children (N = 224, 5–8 years of age) observed an experimenter (E) tell the truth or lie about a minor transgression in one of five conditions: (a) Truth‐Positive Outcome – E told the truth with a positive outcome; (b) Truth‐Negative Outcome – E told the truth with a negative outcome; (c) Lie‐Positive Outcome – E lied with a positive outcome; (d) Lie‐Negative Outcome – E lied with a negative outcome; (e) Control – E did not tell a lie or tell the truth. Later, to examine children's truth‐ or lie‐telling behavior, children participated in a temptation resistance paradigm where they were told not to peek at a trivia question answer. They either peeked or not, and subsequently lied or told the truth about that behavior. Additionally, children were asked to give moral evaluations of different truth‐ and lie‐telling vignettes. Overall, 85% of children lied. Children were less likely to lie about their own transgression in the TRP when they had previously witnessed the experimenter tell the truth with a positive outcome or tell a lie with a negative outcome.
Heterozygous loss of Srp72 in mice is not associated with major hematological phenotypes
Authors: D'Altri Teresa , Schuster Mikkel B. , Wenzel Anne , Porse Bo T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesFamilial cases of hematological malignancies are associated with germline mutations. In particular, heterozygous mutations of SRP72 correlate with the development of myelodysplasia and bone marrow aplasia in two families. The signal recognition particle 72 kDa protein (SRP72) is part of the SRP complex, responsible for targeting of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of SRP72 in the hematopoietic system, thus explaining why a reduced dose could increase susceptibility to hematological malignancies.MethodsWe developed an Srp72 null mouse model and characterized its hematopoietic system using flow cytometry, bone marrow transplantations, and gene expression analysis.ResultsHeterozygous loss of Srp72 in mice is not associated with major changes in hematopoiesis, although causes mild reductions in blood and BM cellularity and minor changes within the stem/progenitor compartment. We did not observe any hematological disorder. Interestingly, gene expression analysis demonstrated that genes encoding secreted factors, including cytokines and receptors, were transcriptionally down‐regulated in Srp72+/− animals.ConclusionsThe Srp72+/− mouse model only partially recapitulates the phenotype observed in families with inherited SRP72 lesions. Nonetheless, these results can provide mechanistic insights into why SRP72 mutations are associated with aplasia and myelodysplasia in humans.
Reduced plasma ascorbic acid levels in recipients of myeloablative conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Rasheed Mahmood , Simmons Gary , Fisher Bernard , Leslie Kevin , Reed Jason , Roberts Catherine , Natarajan Ramesh , Fowler Alpha , Toor Amir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) conditioned using myeloablative conditioning (MAC) is complicated by end organ injury due to endothelial dysfunction and graft versus host disease. Mucositis and oxidant injury results in micronutrient deficiency. Ascorbic acid (AA) levels were measured in 15 patients undergoing HCT conditioned with MAC (11 allogeneic and four autologous HCT). Ascorbate levels declined postconditioning to 27.3 μMol/L (±14.1) by day 0 (P = .03 compared with pretransplant baseline), reaching a nadir level of 21.5 (±13.8) on day 14 (P = .003) post‐transplant. Patients undergoing allogeneic HCT continued to have low AA levels to day 60 post‐transplant. The role of AA in maintaining endothelial function and hematopoietic as well as T‐cell recovery is provided, developing the rationale for repletion of vitamin C following HCT.
Sodium‐chloride‐induced effects on the expression profile of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts with focus on simulated orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Schröder Agnes , Nazet Ute , Neubert Patrick , Jantsch Jonathan , Spanier Gerrit , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: June 2019

Increased salt (NaCl) consumption triggers chronic diseases such as hypertension or osteopenia. Its impact on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis, however, has not been investigated, although both processes are related to the immune system, with periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) playing a key mediating role. Here, we investigated the impact of NaCl on the expression pattern of PDLFs in a model of simulated compressive orthodontic strain. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were preincubated for 24 h with additional 0 or 40 mM NaCl and concurrently treated for another 48 h with or without compressive strain of 2 g cm−2. We analyzed the expression of genes and proteins involved in orthodontic tooth movement by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), ELISA, and immunoblot. Co‐culture experiments were performed to observe PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A higher (40 mM) concentration of NaCl in the culture medium resulted in increased secretion of prostaglandin, expression of alkaline phosphatase, and expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, but decreased compression‐induced expression of the interleukin‐6 (IL6) gene. The 40 mM concentration of NaCl also enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) but reduced that of osteoprotegerin (OPG), resulting in upregulated PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A high NaCl concentration in the periodontal ligament, corresponding to a high‐salt diet in vivo, may influence orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis through increased secretion of prostaglandins by PDLFs and upregulated PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis, possibly accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and propagating periodontitis and periodontal bone loss.
Fasciola hepatica in UK horses
Authors: Howell A. K. , Malalana F. , Beesley N. J. , Hodgkinson J. E. , Rhodes H. , Sekiya M. , Archer D. , Clough H. E. , Gilmore P. , Williams D. J. L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundFasciola hepatica (liver fluke) affects grazing animals including horses but the extent to which it affects UK horses is unknown.ObjectivesTo define how liver fluke affects the UK horse population.Study designDescriptive, cross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsAn F. hepatica excretory‐secretory antibody detection ELISA with a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 97% was validated and used to analyse serum samples. An abattoir study was performed to determine prevalence. A case‐control study of 269 horses compared fluke exposure between horses with liver disease and controls. Data on clinical signs and blood test results were collected for sero‐positive horses. Genotyping of adult fluke was used to produce a multilocus genotype for each parasite.ResultsFour (2.2%) of 183 horses registered in the UK, sampled in the abattoir, had adult flukes in the liver, and the sero‐prevalence of F. hepatica was estimated as 8.7%. In the case‐control study, horses showing signs consistent with liver disease had significantly higher odds of testing positive for F. hepatica on ELISA than control horses. In 23 sero‐positive horses, a range of non‐specific clinical signs and blood test abnormalities was reported, with a third of the horses showing no signs. Genotypic analysis of liver flukes from horses provided evidence that these came from the same population as flukes from sheep and cattle.Main limitationsBias could have arisen in the prevalence and case‐control studies due to convenience sampling methods, in particular the geographic origin of the horses. Only a small number of horses tested positive so the data on clinical signs are limited.ConclusionsExposure to liver fluke occurs frequently in horses and may be an under‐recognised cause of liver disease. Flukes isolated from horses are from the same population as those found in ruminants. When designing and implementing parasite control plans, fluke should be considered, and horses should be tested if appropriate.
The effect of flavour modulators on chewing gum flavour duration
Authors: Motoi Lidia , Morgenstern Marco P. , Paredes Dulce , Wilson Arran J. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Wade Cath , Tartaglia Jennifer M. , Green Carter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of flavour modulators on dynamic flavour perception, salivation and chewing behaviour of chewing gum. Thirty‐nine participants chewed gum for 15 min while assessing flavour intensity, chewing patterns and saliva flow rate. Four flavour modulators (Cooling, Tingling, Salivating and Warming) were added to a citrus‐flavoured gum and compared with a control gum, citrus flavour only. Flavour modulators increased flavour duration as measured by flavour intensity half‐time; the time needed to reduce the flavour intensity by half. The ‘Salivation’ modulator had the smallest effect and ‘Warming’ had the largest effect on flavour duration. Salivary flow rate was significantly increased by the flavour modulators and was highly correlated with the flavour duration. Chewing behaviour was not affected by the modulators. We conclude that the interaction between the citrus flavour, saliva and flavour modulators (Intensates® flavours) increased the perceived flavour duration during chewing by up to 86% compared with Control.
Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with COPD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Weitong , Pu Yalou , Meng Aifeng , Zhi Xiaoxu , Xu Guihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe review aimed to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).BackgroundWith an increase in published reports on pulmonary rehabilitation, there is a need for a meta‐analysis to measure the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly COPD patients.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesThe Cochrane library (Issue 4, 2018), Web of Science (1975 to April 2018), Embase (1974 to April 2018), Pubmed (1966 to April 2018), CINAHL (1982 to April 2018), JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) (1996 to April 2018), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) (1979 to April 2018), CBM (SinoMed) (1982 to April 2018), and Wanfang Data (1900 to April 2018) were searched.Review MethodsSix outcome indicators were utilized for the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation. Two reviewers selected trials, evaluated the quality, and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsEight studies recruited 414 elderly patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in significantly improved exercise capacity and quality of life in elderly people but with no influence on oxygen saturation compared with the control group.ConclusionThere is a need to provide more detailed pulmonary rehabilitation programs for elderly patients with COPD.
Immediate and carry‐over effects of insect outbreaks on vegetation growth in West Greenland assessed from cells to satellite
Authors: Prendin Angela Luisa , Carrer Marco , Karami Mojtaba , Hollesen Jørgen , Bjerregaard Pedersen Nanna , Pividori Mario , Treier Urs A. , Westergaard‐Nielsen Andreas , Elberling Bo , Normand Signe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTundra ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, and climate–growth responses of Arctic shrubs are variable and altered by microsite environmental conditions and biotic factors. With warming and drought during the growing season, insect‐driven defoliation is expected to increase in frequency and severity with potential broad‐scale impacts on tundra ecosystem functioning. Here we provide the first broad‐scale reconstruction of spatio‐temporal dynamics of past insect outbreaks by assessing their effects on shrub growth along a typical Greenlandic fjord climate gradient from the inland ice to the sea.LocationNuuk Fjord (64°30′N/51°23′W) and adjacent areas, West Greenland.TaxaGreat brocade (Eurois occulta L.) and grey willow (Salix glauca L.).MethodsWe combined dendro‐anatomical and remote sensing analyses. Time series of ring width (RW) and wood‐anatomical traits were obtained from chronologies of >40 years established from 153 individuals of S. glauca collected at nine sites. We detected anomalies in satellite‐based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) related to defoliation and reconstructed past changes in photosynthetic activity across the region.ResultsWe identified outbreaks as distinctive years with reduced RW, cell‐wall thickness and vessel size, without being directly related to climate but matching with years of parallel reduction in NDVI. The two subsequent years after the defoliation showed a significant increase in RW. The reconstructed spatio‐temporal dynamics of these events indicate substantial regional variation in outbreak intensity linked to the climate variability across the fjord system.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the ability of S. glauca to cope with severe insect defoliation by changing carbon investment and xylem conductivity leading to high resilience and rapid recovery after the disturbance. Our multiproxy approach allows us to pinpoint biotic drivers of narrow ring formation and to provide new broad‐scale insight on the C‐budget and vegetation productivity of shrub communities in a widespread arctic ecosystem.
Empirical or microbiologically guided systemic antimicrobials as adjuncts to non‐surgical periodontal therapy? A systematic review
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Koidou Vasiliki P. , Hamborg Thomas , Donos Nikos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether patients with specific subgingival microbiological profiles benefit more from adjunctive systemic antibiotics.AimsTo answer the question: “What is the clinical benefit in periodontitis patients taking adjunctive systemic antimicrobials to non‐surgical therapy, depending on pre‐treatment detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria?”Materials and methodsA search was conducted in four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials reporting clinical outcomes following adjunctive antibiotic therapy for patients divided by baseline microbiological profiles.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 643 papers, reduced to five after screening and author contact. Four of these studies were suitable for a fixed effects two‐stage individual participant data meta‐analysis adjusted for baseline data. Collectively, adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole yielded superior clinical results (measured as reduction of PPDs) compared to placebo. No significant differences were detected for the effect of adjunctive antibiotics by the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on PPDs ≥ 5 mm (WMD = 1.16, 95% CI [−5.37, 7.68], I2 = 37.8%) or other clinical outcomes. All included studies had low risk of bias.ConclusionThere is no evidence to suggest that baseline detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria should be used as criterion for prescribing adjunctive antibiotics, although only limited information on microbial data and specific antimicrobials was available for analysis.
Effects of predator exposure on baseline and stress‐induced glucocorticoid hormone concentrations in pumpkinseedLepomis gibbosus
Authors: Gallagher Austin J. , Lawrence Michael J. , Jain‐Schlaepfer Sofia M. R. , Gilmour Kathleen M. , Wilson Alexander D. M. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe compared baseline and maximal cortisol concentrations between predator exposure and prey blood samples in pumpkinseedLepomis gibbosus, captured using a standardised fishing event underneath ospreyPandion haliaetusnests and away from osprey nests. We did not detect differences in cortisol or glucose between sites. These findings suggest that predictable sources of predation risk may not confer stress‐related costs in teleosts.
α‐synuclein oligomers and fibrils: a spectrum of species, a spectrum of toxicities
Authors: Alam Parvez , Bousset Luc , Melki Ronald , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis review article provides an overview of the different species that α‐synuclein aggregates can populate. It also attempts to reconcile conflicting views regarding the cytotoxic roles of oligomers versus fibrils. α‐synuclein, while highly dynamic in the monomeric state, can access a large number of different assembly states. Depending on assembly conditions, these states can interconvert over different timescales. The fibrillar state is the most thermodynamically favored due to the many stabilizing interactions formed between each monomeric unit, but different fibrillar types form at different rates. The end distribution is likely to reflect kinetic partitioning as much as thermodynamic equilibra. In addition, metastable oligomeric species, some of which are on‐pathway and others off‐pathway, can be populated for remarkably long periods of time. Chemical modifications (phosphorylation, oxidation, covalent links to ligands, etc.) perturb these physical interconversions and invariably destabilize the fibrillar state, leading to small prefibrillar assemblies which can coalesce into amorphous states. Both oligomeric and fibrillar species have been shown to be cytotoxic although firm conclusions require very careful evaluation of particle concentrations and is complicated by the great variety and heterogeneity of different experimentally observed states. The mechanistic relationship between oligomers and fibrils remains to be clarified, both in terms of assembly of oligomers into fibrils and potential dissolution of fibrils into oligomers. While oligomers are possibly implicated in the collapse of neuronal homeostasis, the fibrillar state(s) appears to be the most efficient at propagating itself both in vitro and in vivo, pointing to critical roles for multiple different aggregate species in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/14714159/homepage/virtual_issues.htm).
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”.
Effect of an aerobic exercise session combined with abdominal radiofrequency on lipolytic activity in women: Randomized control trial
Authors: Noites Andreia , Vale Ana Luísa , Pereira Ana Sofia , Morais Andreia , Vilarinho Rui , Carvalho Paulo , Amorim Manuela , Moreira Teresa , Mendonça Adriana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal adiposity is a cardiovascular risk factor; it is assumed that the combination of radiofrequency and physical exercise may decrease this excess of adipose tissue.PurposeTo understand whether an aerobic physical exercise session associated with abdominal radiofrequency increases the level of lipolytic activity.MethodologyThe study analyzes the effect of a combined aerobic exercise session with radiofrequency. Participants were 30 healthy female volunteers, aged 18‐28 years, randomly assigned to an experimental group and placebo group. They were characterized by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The groups performed an abdominal radiofrequency session followed by moderate aerobic exercise, assessing glycerol concentration and lipid profile values before and after the intervention. In the experimental group, a percentage of potency was used that allowed to maintain the temperature between 40º C and 42º C to the epidermis. In the placebo group, the power of the radiofrequency was 0 Watt. To compare results, Student's t test was used for a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThere were no significant changes in glycerol concentrations between groups (P > 0.05). There were no changes in the lipid profile of both groups after the intervention (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe association of exercise with radiofrequency did not present an increased effect on lipolytic activity when compared to the isolated exercise. The application of this technique is a safe intervention.
Chronic orofacial pain, cognitive‐emotional‐motivational considerations: A narrative review
Authors: Heir Gary M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe following material was presented to an esteemed group of colleagues, Chinese physicians and stomotologists, friends and fellow panellists from around the globe at the Core China Conference, Nanjing China. Modern medicine accepts that a dichotomy exists between the mind, psyche and emotions and the rest of the body as if they function independently, having little downward up upward influence, one on the other. However, history teaches a different lesson. The influence of the emotional state of the patient plays a significant role effecting hormonal, neuroimmunological and peripheral modulatory factors influencing the pain experience. This brief discussion reviews the roots of modern Western Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and how we have come back to the realisation of the mind‐body concept in treating the patient as a single entity and not as a collection of systems.