bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How female geologists were written out of history: The micropaleontology breakthrough
Authors: Gries Robbie Rice 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
In 1921, exploration for oil and gas was substantially assisted by the discovery that foraminifera could be used to more accurately correlate subsurface strata. This changed everything. It was at a time when the petroleum industry did not have the benefit of geophysical logging tools or seismic mapping capabilities. Micropaleontology was quickly embraced by industry and almost instantly expanded to global use.
Three young women were responsible for this technological breakthrough—Alva Ellisor, Esther Applin née Richards, and Hedwig Kniker. They were hired by Texas oil companies in 1920–1921 for the express purpose of using paleontology, specifically macropaleontology, to try to solve the Gulf Coast stratigraphic problems. They were encouraged to collaborate—in itself an unusual phenomenon in the highly competitive oil and gas business—which they did with grace and skill and which led to their discovery of foraminifera as a major biostratigraphic tool. However, their role was downplayed over time, and by 1975 credit for this important technology was shifted to four men—men who had themselves failed to recognize the application, in fact one had ridiculed the idea, but who quickly embraced it when the women presented their evidence.
It is time to recognize their revolutionary contribution to the improved economics of oil-finding as well as to the sciences of biostratigraphy and paleontology.
Tectonostratigraphy and processes of frontal accretion with horst-graben subduction at the Japan Trench
Authors: Chester Frederick M. , Moore J. Casey 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Recent seismic reflection data across the Japan Trench show that frontal accretion involves offscraping sediments on top of horsts and scooping-up sediment from grabens. However, seismic profiling does not illuminate the structure within the accretionary prism, and thus the processes of accretion and prism growth are unknown. Key data from scientific drilling at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0019 that penetrated the prism in the region of large displacement during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake support a model in which frontal accretion occurs by imbricate thrusting, folding, and stacking of thrust sheets that are composed of semicoherent-sediment strata. Using palinspastic restoration techniques, we conclude that out-of-sequence thrusting and duplex development during the underthrusting of horsts can form and displace hanging-wall ramps along the plate-boundary detachment, which helps to explain the formation of some unexpected tectonostratigraphic relations at C0019, such as the emplacement of a thick section of the youngest sediments at the base of the accretionary prism, and numerous juxtapositions of different-age sediments within the basal plate-boundary fault zone.
Emplacement of a layered mafic intrusion in the Shimanto accretionary complex of southwest Japan: Evidence from paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric analysis
Authors: Kodama K. , Byrne T. , Lewis J.C. , Hibbard J.P. , Sato M. , Koyano T. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
A 200-m-thick, near-vertical, middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma), gabbroic sheeted intrusion in the Muroto area of the Shimanto accretionary complex of southwest Japan yields anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) showing a magnetic foliation for the minimum axis (Kmin) oblique (by ~70°) to the perpendicular of the intrusive contact. Assuming the Kmin axis represents the paleovertical axis, these data suggest that the gabbroic sheet was not intruded into the host sediments horizontally. Paleomagnetic measurements of the gabbroic intrusion show an in situ mean direction of reversed polarity (declination/inclination [Dec/Inc] = 287°/–65°, α95 = 3°) that is considerably different from the expected, reversed-polarity dipole-field direction of this region (Dec/Inc = 0°/–56°). A structural analysis combining the paleomagnetic and AMS data led to the determination of a unique pole of rotation, around which the dike can be back-rotated to its initial orientation. The magnitude of rotation necessary for the in situ paleomagnetic direction to be back-rotated to the expected direction is ~60°, which is consistent with the rotation required for the Kmin axis to be vertical. This consistency can be regarded as independent support for our interpretation of the AMS results and the reliability of the paleomagnetic data. Consequently, we propose that the Muroto gabbro was intruded when the paleo–trench-fill sediments had been tilted landward by ~20°, presumably by accretion, and that the gabbro might have been intruded as a sill-like sheet along a structurally weak zone, possibly part of the frontal thrust plane in the Shimanto accretionary prism.
Normal faults at same depth as thrust faults in an exhumed accretionary complex, Kayo Formation, Okinawa Islands, Japan
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Ueda Dai , Motomiya Yuhei , Tobe Kota , Saiki Ayaka , Morita Kiyohiko , Ujiie Kohtaro 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We describe and interpret a system of well-preserved normal and reverse faults in the Kayo Formation of the Miocene Shimanto belt, an exhumed accretionary complex exposed on Okinawa Island. The normal and reverse fault systems both strike NE-SW, suggesting systematic horizontal stress variations between compression and extension. Temperature and pressure conditions for the normal and reverse fault systems were estimated from the densities of water in fluid inclusions in the veins along the faults, and previously reported maximum paleotemperature based on values of vitrinite reflectance and illite crystallinity. The fluid inclusion analyses yielded similar estimates for water density in both normal and reverse fault systems. The minimum geothermal gradient was constrained to a narrow range of 40–50 °C/km. These results suggest that the normal and reverse fault systems developed at a similar depth within the seismogenic zone. This can be interpreted as a change between horizontal compression and horizontal extension occurring at a maximum depth of 3.8–7.5 km below the seafloor, assuming lithostatic fluid pressure. This 90° rotation of the principal stress could be controlled by the seismic cycle, as exemplified by the rotation of stresses that occurred after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake.
Fluid-related deformation processes at the up- and downdip limits of the subduction thrust seismogenic zone: What do the rocks tell us?
Authors: Fagereng Åke , Diener Johann F.A. , Ellis Susan , Remitti Francesca 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The subduction thrust interface represents a zone of concentrated deformation coupled to fluid generation, flow, and escape. Here, we review the internal structure of the megathrust as exposed in exhumed accretionary complexes, and we identify a deformation sequence that develops as material entering the trench is subducted through the seismogenic zone. Initial ductile flow in soft sediment generates dismembered, folded, and boudinaged bedding that is crosscut by later brittle discontinuities. Veins formed along early faults, and filling hydrofractures with the same extension directions as boudins in bedding, attest to fluid-assisted mass transfer during the shallow transition from ductile flow to brittle deformation. In higher-metamorphic-grade rocks, veins crosscut foliations defined by mineral assemblages stable at temperatures beyond those at the base of the seismogenic zone. The veins are, however, themselves ductilely deformed by diffusion and/or dislocation creep, and thus they record fracture and fluid flow at a deeper brittle-to-ductile transition.
The results of numerical models and mineral equilibria modeling show that compaction of pore spaces may occur over a wide zone, as underconsolidated sediments carry water under the accretionary prism to the region where the last smectite breaks down at a temperature of ≤150 °C. However, at temperatures above clay stability, no large fluid release occurs until temperatures reach the zone where lawsonite and, subsequently, chlorite break down, i.e., generally in excess of 300 °C. In thermal models and strength calculations along overpressured subduction interfaces, where phyllosilicates form an interconnected network that controls rheology, as is generally observed, the deep brittle-viscous transition—analogous to the base of the seismogenic zone—occurs at temperatures less than 300 °C. We therefore suggest that the seismogenic zone does not produce fluids in significant volumes; however, major fluid release occurs at or near the base of the seismogenic zone. These deep fluids are either trapped, thus enabling embrittlement and features such as episodic tremor and slow slip, or flow updip along a permeable interface. Overall, we highlight fluid production as spatially intermittent, but fluid distribution as controlled also by the permeability of a deforming zone, where secondary porosity is both generated and destroyed, commonly in sync with the generation and movement of fluids.
Association between factors related to family planning/sexual and reproductive health and contraceptive use as well as consistent condom use among internal migrant population of reproductive ages in three cities in China, based on Heckprobit selection models
Authors: Xu Shuang-Fei , Wu Jun-Qing , Li Yu-Yan , Yu Chuan-Ning , Zhao Rui , Zhou Ying , Li Yi-Ran , Zhang Jun-Guo , Jin Meng-Hua 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWith the increased population mobility and the transition in population policy, scholars are quite concerned about family planning/sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and related factors among internal migrant population of reproductive age. Therefore, the proposed study was designed to explore the association between factors related to family planning/SRH and contraceptive use as well as consistent condom use among the above-described population in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree municipalities in China, namely Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.ParticipantsAmong the 6545 participants, 2099, 2414 and 2031 subjects came from Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, respectively.ResultsA total of 6545 eligible participants were included as the full sample, 6188 of whom who had intercourse in the last 3 months were selected as the subsample. Among the subsample, 80.88% (5005/6188) adopted any form of contraceptive methods and 49.14% (3041/6188) consistently used condom in the last three sexual intercourses. Meanwhile, the involved participants had a better mastery of knowledge on SRH than on contraception (p<0.0001). The results of the Heckprobit models revealed that the factors associated with both contraceptive use and consistent condom use were relationship with the first intercourse partner, communication frequency with spouse/sexual partners on sex, actual number of children and knowledge on SRH, while knowledge on contraception and age at first intercourse were associated with contraceptive use and consistent condom use, respectively (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn the current study, we revealed a high-level contraceptive prevalence, a relatively low-level consistent condom use and a poor mastery of knowledge on contraception and SRH. The Heckprobit selection model specified the existence of selection bias, providing evidence on the association between the factors on family planning/SRH and contraceptive use as well as consistent condom use, respectively. Our findings indicated that health institutions should offer appropriate technology and high-quality family planning/SRH services for the internal migrant population in China.
Goal-directed fluid therapy in urgent GAstrointestinal Surgery—study protocol for A Randomised multicentre Trial: The GAS-ART trial
Authors: Voldby Anders Winther , Aaen Anne Albers , Møller Ann Merete , Brandstrup Birgitte 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionIntravenous fluid therapy during gastrointestinal surgery is a life-saving part of the perioperative care. Too little fluid may lead to hypovolaemia, decreased organ perfusion and circulatory shock. Excessive fluid administration increases postoperative complications, worsens pulmonary and cardiac function as well as the healing of surgical wounds. Intraoperative individualised goal-directed fluid therapy (GDT) and zero-balance therapy (weight adjusted) has shown to reduce postoperative complications in elective surgery, but studies in urgent gastrointestinal surgery are sparse. The aim of the trial is to test whether zero-balance GDT reduces postoperative mortality and major complications following urgent surgery for obstructive bowel disease or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract compared with a protocolled standard of care.Methods/analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with planned inclusion of 310 patients. The randomisation procedure is stratified by hospital and by obstructive bowel disease and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients are allocated into either ‘the standard group’ or ‘the zero-balance GDT group’. The latter receive intraoperative GDT (guided by a stroke volume algorithm) and postoperative zero-balance fluid therapy based on body weight and fluid charts. The protocolled treatment continues until free oral intake or the seventh postoperative day.The primary composite outcome is death, unplanned reoperations, life-threatening thromboembolic and bleeding complications, a need for mechanical ventilation or dialysis. Secondary outcomes are additional complications, length of hospital stay, length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of mechanical ventilation, readmissions and time to death. Follow-up is 90 days.We plan intention-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe Danish Scientific Ethics Committee approved the GAS-ART trial before patient enrolment (J: SJ-436). Enrolment of patients began in August 2015 and is proceeding. We expect to publish the GAS-ART results in Summer 2019.Trial registration numberEudraCT 2015-000563-14.
Use of platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine: technical tools for correct quality control
Authors: Graiet Hajer , Lokchine Anna , Francois Pauline , Velier Melanie , Grimaud Fanny , Loyens Maxime , Berda-Haddad Yael , Veran Julie , Dignat-George Francoise , Sabatier Florence , Magalon Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

Background/aimsPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are used in sports medicine and have been the subject of increased clinical interest. However, there have been very few reports of the composition of initial whole blood and the final PRP product. The objective of this study was to provide technical tools to perform a correct characterisation of platelets, leucocytes and red blood cells (RBCs) from whole blood and PRP.MethodsBlood and PRP were obtained from 26 healthy volunteers and prepared according to the varying parameters encountered within PRP process preparation and quantification (harvesting method, anticoagulant used, sampling method, counting method). Concentrations were measured at t=0, t=1, t=6 and t=24 hours.ResultsSampling of blood in Eppendorf tubes significantly decreased platelet concentration over time, whereas sampling in Microvette EDTA-coated tube kept platelet concentration stable until 24 hours. A non-significant difference was observed in platelet counts in PRP with impedance (median (IQR): 521.8 G/L (505.3–524.7)) and fluorescence (591.5 G/L (581.5–595.8)) methods. Other studied parameters did not influence platelet concentrations in blood or PRP samples. Leucocytes and RBC counts were similar whatever the anticoagulant, sampling, harvesting and counting methods used for both blood and PRP samples.ConclusionsSystematic sampling of blood and PRP in EDTA-coated tubes for quality control is recommended. The use of a validated counter for PRP sample should also be taken into account.
Four years of orthopaedic activities in Chinese Role 2 Hospital of eastern Mali peacekeeping area
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Li Z , Cao X , Li B 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe Chinese Role 2 Hospital (CHN-Role 2H) Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) was founded in July 2013 as part of the Chinese commitment to Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA). It provides medical care for approximately 5200 personnel of the whole Sector East of MINUSMA including UN military personnel, UN police and UN civilian staff. The aim of this study was to determine the orthopaedic surgical activity over a 4-year period to facilitate the training of future Chinese military surgical teams.Materials and methodsSurgical records of all patients operated on at the CHN-Role 2H between 28 March 2014 to 28 March 2018 were identified, and all orthopaedic activity were analysed.ResultsDuring this period, 1190 patients underwent 2024 surgical procedures. Orthopaedic procedures represented 961/2024 (47.5%) of all the procedures. Battle injury (BI) represented 43% of patients. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were responsible for 15.8 % casualties. Fractures (49%) and soft tissue injures (43%) were the most common injuries, with 61% of the fractures being open. Damage control surgery including debridement (23.52%) and external fixation (17.90%) were the most frequently performed interventions.ConclusionOrthopaedic surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in the CHN-Role 2H in Mali. The complexity and severity of injuries demonstrate the urgent need for tailored training and extended skill sets for deploying military orthopaedic surgeons.
Thermodynamic stability, half-metallic and optical nature of graphene-like Mn2 ZrZ (Z = Ge, Si): Ab initio study
Authors: Anjami Arash , Boochani Arash , Elahi Seyed Mohammad , Akbari Hosein 
Published: November 2018

Half-metallic, optical and thermodynamic phase diagrams of two-dimensional Mn2ZrZ (Z = Ge, Si) have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) framework with full-potential linear augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. The spin-polarized electronic computations show that these layers have metallic behavior with a spin polarization less than 100%. It is observed that with increasing thickness of the layers, both the thermodynamic and energy stabilities increased, and the graphene-like layers of Mn2ZrGe with a thickness of 7.6955 Å and Mn2ZrSi with a thickness of 7.551 Å are completely stable thermodynamically. The optical responses of Mn2ZrZ (Z = Ge, Si) have anisotropy at infrared region versus the optical direction and have high metallic nature in this optical range. The plasmonic frequencies have occurred after the visible edge and the refraction index becomes lower than one after the ultra-violet edge.
Investigate the Effect of Psychological Factors in Development of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in Patients with Fracture of the Distal Radius: A Prospective Study
Authors: Farzad Maryam , Layeghi Fereydoun , Hosseini Ali , Dianat Al , Ahrari Nadiyeh , Rassafiani Mehdi , Mirzaei Hooshang 
Published: November 2018

Background: To investigate the role of psychological factors (anxiety and depression) and pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) following the distal radius fracture (DRF). Methods: A consecutive sample of patients (N=60) with a distal radius fracture was measured for signs of CRPS by Budapest criteria weekly till 8 weeks and then another follow-up one year after injury to determine the incidence and predictors of developing CRPS I in a prospective cohort study and also to discover whether there is difference between pain, depression, and anxiety level in the patients with and without CRPS I. The most of the patients were treated by Pin stabilization. The Beck depression inventoryshort form (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Numerical pain rating scale were used to determine the patients’ psychological features and pain intensity at the base line and 8 weeks after the fracture. Results: CRPS I developed in 15 (25%) patients after eight weeks and just last in 10 (16.67%) patients after one year. No difference was found between the two groups (CRPS and non-CRPS group) in terms of state (STAI-I) and trait (STAI-II) anxiety, and BDI score. Pain at the base line was the most important risk factor in developing CRPS (odds ratio [OR] =1.52; 95% CI). Conclusions: After fracturing the distal radius, patients who have high pain intensity have a higher risk of developing CRPS I. To following these patients closely for the development of CRPS I may be advantageous for early preventative and therapeutic interventions.
Urban analytics in the context of public safety
Authors: Eftelioglu Emre 
Published: November 2018

Given a collection of geolocated activities, the goal of urban analytics in the context of public safety is to discover the underlying motives of people that affect their movement/activity patterns in space and time. Understanding the spatial patterns from urban mobility/activity datasets is an important task in public safety, city planning and sociology since these may reveal the underlying causes of crimes and safety issues, as well as behavior changes of individuals. Avoidance patterns are a type of behavioral change characterized by a lack of movement contrary to expectation. Avoidance pattern detection is a challenging task due to the lack of observations (e.g. lack of movement), defining the expected "normal" movement and large datasets (i.e. high number of GPS trajectories which are spread across the study area and large road network graphs). In addition, these challenges are exacerbated by the complicated and often hidden drivers of human activities and the complex relationships and dependencies between the spatially associated features.
In this paper, we will provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art spatial data science approaches in the context of avoidance patterns. First, we introduce the background from the domain (i.e. public safety) perspective, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art work. Then we will discuss possible future directions that may help shape future research on the topic.
Medical Financial Hardship among Cancer Survivors in the United States: What Do We Know? What Do We Need to Know?
Authors: Yabroff K. Robin , Zhao Jingxuan , Zheng Zhiyuan , Rai Ashish , Han Xuesong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Rising costs of cancer care have led to increased concerns about medical financial hardship for cancer survivors and their families in the United States. In this commentary, we provide an overview of research describing medical financial hardship and introduce a conceptual framework for identifying risk factors and research gaps at the patient and family, provider and care team, health care system, employer, and state and national policy levels. We then use this framework to highlight measurement and data infrastructure gaps related to hardship, summarize existing interventions to minimize hardship, and identify opportunities for future intervention efforts.