bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐viral pathogens: Identification, relevance, and prevention for xenotransplantation
Authors: Tönjes Ralf R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor xenotransplantation, strategies to prevent transmission of microorganisms from the source animal to the human recipient must be closely coordinated since tissues and organs are classified as non‐sterile. Strategies for international cooperation and coordination of xenogeneic infection / disease surveillance and response are available.MethodsThe regulatory frameworks and criteria on microbial safety as published by World Health Organization (WHO), European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), European Medicines Agency (EMA) as well as U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), are outlined.ResultsDifferent sources of microbial germs are considered including potential infectious agents. Monitoring of livestock and testing of xenografts is accompanied by positive and negative controls to detect and to exclude tissue specific microorganisms such as bacteria.ConclusionsThe criteria of microbial status to be considered for xenotransplants are summarized.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Walker Ulrich A , Saketkoo Lesley Ann , Distler Oliver 
Published: June 2018

Three randomised controlled trials of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) demonstrated long-term survival benefits, induction of clinically meaningful, sustained improvement of forced vital capacity with improvements in skin thickening, vasculopathy and health-related quality of life, in contrast to a clinical decline in standard of care control groups. These benefits, however, must be weighed against the increased risk of transplant-related mortality. Further, with disease progression, severe extensive internal organ involvement and damage ensues, constituting an exclusion criterion for safety reasons, leaving a limited window whereby patients with SSc are eligible for HSCT. Although autologous HSCT offers the possibility of drug-free remission, relapse can occur, requiring re-initiation of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. HSCT is also associated with secondary autoimmune diseases and gonadal failure. HSCT should be proposed for carefully selected patients with early rapidly progressive diffuse SSc whose clinical picture portends a poor prognosis for survival, but yet lacks advanced organ involvement.
Characteristics of the antibiotic regimen that affect antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens
Authors: Catry Boudewijn , Latour Katrien , Bruyndonckx Robin , Diba Camellia , Geerdens Candida , Coenen Samuel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Treatment duration, treatment interval, formulation and type of antimicrobial (antibiotic) are modifiable factors that will influence antimicrobial selection pressure. Currently, the impact of the route of administration on the occurrence of resistance in humans is unclear.

Methods
In this retrospective multi-center cohort study, we assessed the impact of different variables on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens isolated from the urinary tract in older adults. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was constructed using 7397 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates.

Results
Resistance in E. coli was higher when more antibiotics had been prescribed before isolation of the sample, especially in women (significant interaction p = 0.0016) and up to nine preceding prescriptions it was lower for higher proportions of preceding parenteral prescriptions (significant interactions p = 0.0067). The laboratory identity, dying, and the time between prescription and sampling were important confounders (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our model describing shows a dose-response relation between antibiotic use and AMR in E. coli isolated from urine samples of older adults, and, for the first time, that higher proportions of preceding parenteral prescriptions are significantly associated with lower probabilities of AMR, provided that the number of preceding prescriptions is not extremely high (≥10 during the 1.5 year observation period; 93% of 5650 included patients).

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered.
Los proyectos sociales y técnicos. Un acercamiento teórico-metodológico a su estucturación y realización desde la formación inicial del profesional de la educación.
Authors: Hurtado Curbelo Fermín José , Sánchez Maxleni Fuentes 
Published: June 2018

Los proyectos sociales y técnicos son las actividades que, partiendo de un plan de acción o tareas, atienden a una problemática de interés de los estudiantes y que implica actividad investigativa o prácticas creadoras y transformadoras o ambas, orientadas a la institución y la comunidad. El trabajo que se presenta tiene como objetivo sistematizar experiencias teórico-prácticas en relación con la estructuración y realización de tales proyectos como vías para la preparación del futuro egresado de carreras pedagógicas desde su formación inicial, en tal sentido se ofrecen consideraciones teórico-metodológicas y de cómo se pueden materializar desde el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
Palabras Claves: proyectos sociales y técnicos; actividad investigativa
(Re)pensando Espaços Livres Públicos em João Pessoa : Uma proposta para os bairros Expedicionários, Tambauzinho e Miramar.
Authors: Tabosa Rebeca Maria Ramos , Afonso Filipe Valentim , Silveira José Augusto Ribeiro da , Donegan Lucy 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo analisa a situação urbana e edificada de uma área situada entre o Centro e o litoral da cidade de João Pessoa, a partir do qual propôe um sistema de espaços livres públicos. A área de estudo engloba os bairros Expedicionários, Tambaúzinho e Miramar – comumente conhecida como “Tambaúzinho” – situados próximos aos corredores de expansão do centro antigo da cidade para o litoral. Apesar de estar em posição central e da situação urbana consolidada, a área apresenta problemas recorrentes em cidades brasileiras, como a desarticulação do transporte público, falta de conectividade com áreas do entorno, precário mobiliário urbano, falta de manutenção das calçadas e fraca distribuição de serviços. O diagnóstico serviu para sistematizar os principais problemas da área, indicar potencialidades (oportunidades) e consequentemente guiou o estabelecimento de diretrizes de intervenção que compõem o projeto aqui apresentado como estudo preliminar. As diretrizes foram estabelecidas na busca de mais circulação, conectividade, permanência e identidade, formando a proposta de sistema de espaços livres públicos, e buscando soluções mais integradas, eficientes e sustentáveis.Palavras-chave: Planejamento urbano, Transporte público, Sistema de espaços livres públicos, João Pessoa.
Teknologiakasvatuksen haasteet ja mahdollisuudet automaatioteknologian oppimisympäristössä
Authors: Lindfors Eila , Pirttimaa Matti 
Published: June 2018

Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan käsityön aineenopettaja opiskelijoiden (N=30) portfolioita (N=11) koskien oppilaille toteutettuja teknologiakasvatuksen työpajoja. Tutkimuskysymys on: Mitä mahdollisuuksia ja haasteita käsityön aineenopettajaopiskelijat näkevät teknologiakasvatuksen toteuttamisessa perusopetuksessa. Aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin saadut tulokset painottavat opettajan oman teknologian osaamisen tärkeyttä opettajan järjestäessä oppilaille mielekkäitä teknologian oppimisen mahdollisuuksia. Toiminta konkreetissa oppimisympäristössä innostaa oppilaita sukupuolesta riippumatta teknologisten ratkaisujen toteuttamisessa. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää opettajien perus- ja täydennyskoulutuksessa sekä perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman ja oppilaille tasa-arvoisesti teknologiaa esille tuovien oppimistilanteiden kehittämisen pohjana.
Using Herringbone Technique in Teaching Reading Narrative Text at the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 9 Parepare
Authors: Sudarmanto Sudarmanto 
Published: June 2018

This research discussed how the use herringbone technique to improve the students’ ability in reading. This research used quasi experimental design that applied a pre-test and post-test design. The data was analyzed by using t-test. The population of this research was the eight year students of SMP Negeri 9 Parepare in academic year 2013/2014. There were two classes, a class for experimental class and a class for control class. It utilized cluster random sampling technique. The number of each class was 30 students. The instrument used in this research was reading test use of herringbone technique in learning reading. The result of this research was a significant difference between experimental group and control group. This indicates the mean score of the post-test of experimental group was 97 while that of the control group was 92. Moreover, the t-test value (7,24) was higher than t-table value (2.021). In other words, Hypothesis Alternative (H1) was accepted and Hypothesis Null (H0) was rejected. This means that Using Herringbone technique can improve the students’ reading comprehension by using herringbone technique.
Delivery and impact of the NHS Health Check in the first 8 years: a systematic review
Authors: Martin Adam , Saunders Catherine L , Harte Emma , Griffin Simon J , MacLure Calum , Mant Jonathan , Meads Catherine , Walter Fiona M , Usher-Smith Juliet A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundSince 2009, all eligible persons in England have been entitled to an NHS Health Check. Uncertainty remains about who attends, and the health-related impacts.AimTo review quantitative evidence on coverage (the proportion of eligible individuals who attend), uptake (proportion of invitees who attend), and impact of NHS Health Checks.Design and settingA systematic review and quantitative data synthesis. Included were studies or data reporting coverage or uptake and studies reporting any health-related impact that used an appropriate comparison group or before- and-after study design.MethodEleven databases and additional internet sources were searched to November 2016.ResultsTwenty-six observational studies and one additional dataset were included. Since 2013, 45.6% of eligible individuals have received a health check. Coverage is higher among older people, those with a family history of coronary heart disease, those living in the most deprived areas, and some ethnic minority groups. Just under half (48.2%) of those invited have taken up the invitation. Data on uptake and impact (especially regarding health-related behaviours) are limited. Uptake is higher in older people and females, but lower in those living in the most deprived areas. Attendance is associated with small increases in disease detection, decreases in modelled cardiovascular disease risk, and increased statin and antihypertensive prescribing.ConclusionPublished attendance, uptake, and prescribing rates are all lower than originally anticipated, and data on impact are limited, with very few studies reporting the effect of attendance on health-related behaviours. High-quality studies comparing matched attendees and non-attendees and health economic analyses are required.
Binarity and Accretion in AGB Stars: HST/STIS Observations of UV Flickering in Y Gem
Authors: Sahai R. , Contreras C. Sánchez , Mangan A. S. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Muthumariappan C. , Claussen M. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Binarity is believed to dramatically affect the history and geometry of mass loss in AGB and post-AGB stars, but observational evidence of binarity is sorely lacking. As part of a project to search for hot binary companions to cool AGB stars using the GALEX archive, we discovered a late-M star, Y Gem, to be a source of strong and variable UV and X-ray emission. Here we report UV spectroscopic observations of Y Gem obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope that show strong flickering in the UV continuum on timescales of ≲20 s, characteristic of an active accretion disk. Several UV lines with P-Cygni-type profiles from species such as Si iv and C iv are also observed, with emission and absorption features that are red- and blueshifted by velocities of ∼500

from the systemic velocity. Our model for these (and previous) observations is that material from the primary star is gravitationally captured by a companion, producing a hot accretion disk. The latter powers a fast outflow that produces blueshifted features due to the absorption of UV continuum emitted by the disk, whereas the redshifted emission features arise in heated infalling material from the primary. The outflow velocities support a previous inference by Sahai et al. that Y Gem’s companion is a low-mass main-sequence star. Blackbody fitting of the UV continuum implies an accretion luminosity of about 13 L
⊙, and thus a mass-accretion rate >5 × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1; we infer that Roche-lobe overflow is the most likely binary accretion mode for Y Gem.
Molecular Gas Contents and Scaling Relations for Massive, Passive Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts from the LEGA-C Survey
Authors: Spilker Justin , Bezanson Rachel , Barišić Ivana , Bell Eric , P. Lagos Claudia del , Maseda Michael , Muzzin Adam , Pacifici Camilla , Sobral David , Straatman Caroline , Wel Arjen van der , Dokkum Pieter van , Weiner Benjamin , Whitaker Katherine , Williams Christina C. , Wu Po-Feng 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A decade of study has established that the molecular gas properties of star-forming galaxies follow coherent scaling relations out to z ∼ 3, suggesting remarkable regularity of the interplay between molecular gas, star formation, and stellar growth. Passive galaxies, however, are expected to be gas-poor and therefore faint, and thus little is known about molecular gas in passive galaxies beyond the local universe. Here we present deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CO(2–1) emission in eight massive (M
star ∼ 1011
M
⊙) galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 selected to lie a factor of 3–10 below the star-forming sequence at this redshift, drawn from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census survey. We significantly detect half the sample, finding molecular gas fractions ≲0.1. We show that the molecular and stellar rotational axes are broadly consistent, arguing that the molecular gas was not accreted after the galaxies became quiescent. We find that scaling relations extrapolated from the star-forming population overpredict both the gas fraction and gas depletion time for passive objects, suggesting the existence of either a break or large increase in scatter in these relations at low specific star formation rate. Finally, we show that the gas fractions of the passive galaxies we have observed at intermediate redshifts are naturally consistent with evolution into local, massive early-type galaxies by continued low-level star formation, with no need for further gas accretion or dynamical stabilization of the gas reservoirs in the intervening 6 billion years.
Comparison of the Effect of Cycloplegia on Astigmatism Measurements in a Pediatric Amblyopic Population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Goyal Sunali , Phillips Paul H. , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Lowery R. Scott 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To study the effect of cycloplegia on astigmatism measurements in pediatric patients with amblyopia.

Methods:
This was a prospective comparative clinical study. Participants 4 to 17 years old were recruited from the patient population at the Arkansas Children's Hospital eye clinic after informed consent was obtained. Autorefractor measurements were used to obtain values of refractive error in amblyopic and non-amblyopic patients before and after cycloplegia. The groups were subdivided into myopia and hyperopia and with and without underlying amblyopia. The refractive error was expressed as sphere, cylinder, axis of astigmatism, and spherical equivalent. The treatment effect was summarized as the mean difference (95% confidence interval) for each outcome.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was found on the axis and power of astigmatism before and after cycloplegia in the patients with amblyopia (
P
= .28 and .99, respectively).

Conclusions:
Non-cycloplegic autorefraction measurements may be considered safe for refining astigmatism power and axis in pediatric patients with amblyopia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(5):293-298.]
Assessment of the Inferior Petrosal Sinus on T1-Weighted Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Raghuram Karthikram , Durgam Aditya , Sartin Stephen 
Published: June 2018

Context:
Skull base venous anatomy.

Aims:
While prior studies have focused on the efficacy of conventional fluoroscopic venography and multidetector computed tomography venography to evaluate the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) before image-guided intervention (such as dural venous sinus sampling), we believe that routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide reliable structural information helpful for planning without the need for further imaging.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective review of brain MRI.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis was carried out on IPSs on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. Qualitative measurements were made regarding the grade of patency of the IPS, variation in IPS drainage pattern, and grading of the ipsilateral transverse and sigmoid sinuses (TS and SS).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Pearson's product-moment correlation.

Results:
Evaluation of a total of 148 IPSs revealed that 91% of cases were grade 3 or grade 2 (either fully or mostly visualized), with 65% of cases demonstrating “typical” (type A) drainage directly into the internal jugular vein and no statistically significant correlation between the patency of the IPS and the dominance of the ipsilateral TS/SS. A bilateral concordance rate of 77% was also observed.

Conclusions:
Our analysis indicates that routine thin-slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI can provide sufficient anatomic detail to identify typical drainage pattern of the IPS in a majority of cases. In cases where routine drainage was not identified, spatial resolution was not sufficient to further delineate complex drainage anatomy. No correlation was observed between the TS/SS dominance and patency of the ipsilateral IPS.
Dialogic and Dialectic Interfusions
Authors: Xie Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article engages with the main issues explored in Thinking Literature across Continents (Duke University Press, 2016) coauthored by Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller. It focuses on the ways in which Ghosh's and Miller's partial agreements and not fully incommensurable disagreements—about what literature means, its pedagogic possibilities and critical methodologies, its ethical function, and its relationship to globalization in the world today—are not only dialogic but also dialectic. If dialogue is personal and involves individuals with unique perspectives and orientations, then dialectic seems impersonal and pertains to the movement of truth in an agon of individual viewpoints and background assumptions. In particular, the article contextualizes and reflects on the respective methods of Ghosh (transcultural theoretical “[in]fusion”) and Miller (inductive close reading or rhetorical reading) in the light of the back-and-forth movement of the hermeneutic circle. The article emphasizes the dialectic complementarity and mutual necessity of their different approaches.
Sol–Gel Technology
Authors: Ben‐Nissan Besim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to produce homogeneous high purity materials is of great interest in industrial, engineering, and medical applications. Although its history goes back to the 1800s, the sol–gel method with its unique colloidal synthesis approach and its final nanoscale morphology has been widely investigated during the last four decades. The gel‐structure transition plays a critical role in the formation as well as the current production of various types of sol–gel‐derived materials such as powders, fibers, coatings, composites, and solid monoliths. It is the main aim of this chapter to cover the sol–gel synthesis, production and application of powders, thin films, coatings, hybrids, aerogels, and solid materials and structures produced by sol–gel technology. In particular, two examples of the application of sol–gel techniques are given in detail; one on the production of sol–gel‐based bioglasses (Bioglass®), and the other on alkoxide‐derived calcium phosphates for biomedical applications.
Simultaneous Micropatterning of Fibrous Meshes and Bioinks for the Fabrication of Living Tissue Constructs
Authors: de Ruijter Mylène , Ribeiro Alexandre , Dokter Inge , Castilho Miguel , Malda Jos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFabrication of biomimetic tissues holds much promise for the regeneration of cells or organs that are lost or damaged due to injury or disease. To enable the generation of complex, multicellular tissues on demand, the ability to design and incorporate different materials and cell types needs to be improved. Two techniques are combined: extrusion‐based bioprinting, which enables printing of cell‐encapsulated hydrogels; and melt electrowriting (MEW), which enables fabrication of aligned (sub)‐micrometer fibers into a single‐step biofabrication process. Composite structures generated by infusion of MEW fiber structures with hydrogels have resulted in mechanically and biologically competent constructs; however, their preparation involves a two‐step fabrication procedure that limits freedom of design of microfiber architectures and the use of multiple materials and cell types. How convergence of MEW and extrusion‐based bioprinting allows fabrication of mechanically stable constructs with the spatial distributions of different cell types without compromising cell viability and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells is demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, this converged printing approach improves freedom of design of the MEW fibers, enabling 3D fiber deposition. This is an important step toward biofabrication of voluminous and complex hierarchical structures that can better resemble the characteristics of functional biological tissues.
Fiber‐Type Solar Cells, Nanogenerators, Batteries, and Supercapacitors for Wearable Applications
Authors: J. Varma Sreekanth , Sambath Kumar Kowsik , Seal Sudipta , Rajaraman Swaminathan , Thomas Jayan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWearable electronic devices represent a paradigm change in consumer electronics, on‐body sensing, artificial skins, and wearable communication and entertainment. Because all these electronic devices require energy to operate, wearable energy systems are an integral part of wearable devices. Essentially, the electrodes and other components present in these energy devices should be mechanically strong, flexible, lightweight, and comfortable to the user. Presented here is a critical review of those materials and devices developed for energy conversion and storage applications with an objective to be used in wearable devices. The focus is mainly on the advances made in the field of solar cells, triboelectric generators, Li‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors for wearable device development. As these devices need to be attached/integrated with the fabric, the discussion is limited to devices made in the form of ribbons, filaments, and fibers. Some of the important challenges and future directions to be pursued are also highlighted.