bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation models in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Warrander Lynne K. , Ingram Emma , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Johnstone Edward D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionBirthweight is a critical predictor of survival in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction (diagnosed pre‐28 weeks’ gestation, with abnormal umbilical/uterine artery Doppler waveforms), therefore accurate fetal weight estimation is a crucial component of antenatal management. Currently available sonographic fetal weight estimation models were predominantly developed in populations of mixed gestational age and varying fetal weights, but not specifically tested within the context of extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and precision of fetal weight estimation in this population and investigate whether model performance is affected by other factors.Material and methodsCases where a growth scan was performed within 48 hours of delivery (n = 65) were identified from a cohort of extremely early‐onset fetal growth‐restricted pregnancies at a single tertiary maternity center (n = 159). Fetal biometry measurements were used to calculate estimated fetal weight using 21 previously published models. Systematic and random errors were calculated for each model and used to identify the best performing model, which in turn was used to explore the relationship between error and gestation, estimated fetal weight, fetal presentation, fetal asymmetry and amniotic fluid volume.ResultsBoth systematic (median 8.2%; range −44.1 to 49.5%) and random error (median 11.6%; range 9.7‐23.8%) varied widely across models. The best performing model was Hadlock head circumference‐abdominal circumference‐femur length (HC‐AC‐FL), regardless of gestational age, fetal size, fetal presentation or asymmetry, with an overall systematic error of 1.5% and random error of 9.7%. Despite this, it only calculated the estimated fetal weight within 10% of birthweight in 64.6% of cases. There was a weak negative relation between mean percentage error with Hadlock HC‐AC‐FL and amniotic fluid volume, suggesting fetal weight is overestimated at lower liquor volumes and underestimated at higher liquor volumes (P = 0.002, adjusted R2 = 0.08).ConclusionsHadlock HC‐AC‐FL is the most accurate model currently available to estimate fetal weight in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction independent of gestation or fetal size, asymmetry or presentation. However, for 35.4% of cases in this study, estimated fetal weight calculated using this model deviates by more than 10% from birthweight, highlighting a need for an improved model.
Follicular eruption with folliculotropic lymphocytic infiltrates associated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: Report and study of 3 cases
Authors: Avitan‐Hersh Emily , Dias‐Polak David , Ramon Michal , Zaaroura Hiba , Sahar Dvora , Bergman Reuven 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe have encountered three cases of follicular eruptions with folliculotropic infiltrates of non‐atypical lymphocytes associated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) therapy.MethodsThree patients aged 15 to 56 years treated with anti‐TNF‐α therapy (one with adalimumab, and two with infliximab) developed follicular eruptions characterized histopathologically by folliculotropic lymphocytic infiltrates. These were studied clinically, histopathologically, immunophenotypically, and molecularly.ResultsAll three cases were characterized histopathologically by folliculotropic cell infiltrates of non‐atypical T (CD3+) lymphocytes with variable follicular exocytosis. Marked reduction in CD7 staining and marked predominance of CD4+ cells over CD8+ cells were observed in 1 and 2 cases, respectively. T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies were monoclonal in 1 case. Discontinuation of anti‐TNF‐α therapy in all three cases, with corticosteroid creams in 1 case, led to complete resolution. Rechallenge with adalimumab in 1 case resulted in exacerbation. Replacement of therapy with non‐anti‐TNF‐α biologic agents in 2 cases was not associated with recurrence.ConclusionFollicular eruptions with folliculotropic lymphocytic infiltrates associated with anti‐TNF‐α therapy may show some immunophenotypical variations and/or monoclonal TCR gene rearrangements but lack sufficient cytomorphological features of folliculotropic MF. They may resolve with discontinuation of anti‐TNF‐α therapy.
Activated‐cytotoxic TCRαβ+CD4+ peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with hypodermal localization: Case report of a lymphoproliferative disorder probably evolved from the CD4+ cytotoxic T‐cell subpopulation
Authors: Tomasini Dario M. , Serio Giovanni , Landoni Carlo , Appio Lorena , Crivelli Filippo , Bregni Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors identifies distinctive subtypes of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), and, additionally, some PTCLs involving mostly extranodal sites like the skin. The difficulty of classifying PTCLs according to the normal stages of T‐cell differentiation and the lack of definitive diagnostic markers for most of the subtypes make the diagnosis of these diseases challenging. PTCL cases which do not fit into any of the specifically defined entities are categorized as PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS). PTCLs‐NOS represent less than 2% of the total cases of T‐cell lymphoma involving the skin. This article illustrates a case of a PTCL‐NOS in which tumor cells have an activated cytotoxic TCRαβ+CD3+CD4+CD56+ T‐cell phenotype and histopathologic features of subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma, leading to a fatal outcome.
Low incidence of atrial septal defects in nonmammalian vertebrates
Authors: Jensen Bjarke , Joyce William , Gregorovicova Martina , Sedmera David , Wang Tobias , Christoffels Vincent M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe atrial septum enables efficient oxygen transport by separating the systemic and pulmonary venous blood returning to the heart. Only in placental mammals will the atrial septum form by the coming‐together of the septum primum and the septum secundum. In up to one of four placental mammals, this complex morphogenesis is incomplete and yields patent foramen ovale. The incidence of incomplete atrial septum is unknown for groups with the septum primum only, such as birds and reptiles. We found a low incidence of incomplete atrial septum in 11 species of bird (0% of specimens) and 13 species of reptiles (3% of specimens). In reptiles, there was a trabecular interface between the atrial septum and the atrial epicardium which was without a clear boundary between left and right atrial cavities. In developing reptiles (four squamates and one crocodylian), the septum primum initiated as a sheet that acquired perforations and the trabecular interface developed late. We conclude that atrial septation from the septum primum only results in a low incidence of incompleteness. In reptiles, the atrial septum and atrial wall develop a trabecular interface, but previous studies on atrial hemodynamics suggest this interface has a very limited capacity for shunting.
Worker demography and behavior in a supercolonial ant colony: The case of the desert antCataglyphis niger
Authors: Reiner Brodetzki Tali , Brodetzki Guy , Feinerman Ofer , Hefetz Abraham 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInsect societies headed by multiple queens (polygyny) raise evolutionary questions, such as how does genetic heterogeneity among colony members affect in‐nest interactions; or, are all queens equally reproductive or equally treated by workers? Answering such questions requires intensive and continuous observations of in‐nest behavior. Here, we addressed these questions in the polygyne supercolonial ant,Cataglyphis niger,using a barcoding system that enables the tracking of individual interactions, together with polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers that indicate the matriline and patriline of all individuals. Our findings that both queens and workers have low interrelatedness corroborate earlier reports regarding the supercolony structure ofC. niger. Ovary inspection and worker genotyping revealed that all the queens contribute similarly to nest demography. Tracking positions of individual workers through time revealed that only a small proportion of them are constantly engaged in tending the queens and can be considered as retinue workers. However, genotyping these workers and the attended queens revealed no relationship to genetic relatedness, again typical of a true polygyne and supercolonial species. Unlike invasive supercolonial species,C. nigeris native to Israel, enabling us to address questions regarding the driving forces, other than kin selection, that stabilize this society.
Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward
Authors: Blanco Julien , Bellón Beatriz , Fabricius Christo , de O. Roque Fabio , Pays Olivier , Laurent François , Fritz Hervé , Renaud Pierre‐Cyril 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLand‐use changes and the expansion of protected areas (PAs) have amplified the interaction between protected and unprotected areas worldwide. In this context, ‘interface processes' (human–nature and cross‐boundary interactions inside and around PAs) have become central to issues around the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This scientific literature review aimed to explore current knowledge and research gaps on interface processes regarding terrestrial PAs. At first, 3,515 references related to the topic were extracted through a standardized search on the Web of Science and analyzed with scientometric techniques. Next, a full‐text analysis was conducted on a sample of 240 research papers. A keyword analysis revealed a wide diversity of research topics, from ‘pure' ecology to sociopolitical research. We found a bias in the geographical distribution of research, with half the papers focusing on eight countries. Additionally, we found that the spatial extent of cross‐boundary interactions was rarely assessed, preventing any clear delimitation of PA interactive zones. In the 240 research papers we scanned, we identified 403 processes that were studied. The ecological effects of PAs were well documented and appeared to be positive overall. In contrast, the effects of PAs on local communities were understudied and, according to the literature focusing on these, were very variable according to local contexts. Our findings highlight key research advances on interface processes, especially regarding the ecological outcomes of PAs, the influence of human activities on biodiversity, and PA governance issues. In contrast, main knowledge gaps concern the spatial extent of interactive zones, as well as the interactions between local people and conservation actions and how to promote synergies between them. While the review was limited to terrestrial PAs, its findings allow us to propose research priorities for tackling environmental and socioeconomic challenges in the face of a rapidly changing world.
Steam pressure and velocity effects on high temperature silicon carbide oxidation
Authors: Mouche Peter A. , Terrani Kurt A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of steam pressure, velocity, and composition on SiC oxidation kinetics were studied. Pressure effects were tested at 1200°C from 0.1 to 1.4 MPa at a steam velocity of 0.25 cm/s. Velocity effects were tested in two furnaces at 0.45 MPa, 1200°C and 0.1 MPa, 1600°C with velocities ranging from 0.25 to 137 cm/s. Steam composition was altered by changing the reaction vessel material. Oxide morphology and composition were determined using optical and electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Porous oxides were observed whenever structural SiC from the reaction vessel saturated the steam with volatilized silica, H2, and CO. Oxidation kinetics were calculated by the change in SiC thickness. The steam velocity/recession rate followed a power‐law relationship of ~ 0.35 while the steam pressure/recession rate followed a power‐law relationship of ~ 1.78.
Potential complications in patients undergoing an ethanol injection into the vein of Marshall
Authors: Kato Kazuo , Tanaka Akimitsu , Morimoto Shin‐Ichiro , Hasegawa Shin , Ishiguro Nobuo , Kametani Ryosuke , Hattori Hideo , Shibata Norihisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEthanol injections into the vein of Marshall (VOM) (EIM) are considered to be a good therapeutic option for atrial tachyarrhythmias, however, the safety remains to be determined. To elucidate what would affect the safety and potential complications of an EIM, we investigated the anatomical features of the VOM and patient background.MethodsWe performed the EIM before the conventional pulmonary vein isolation for drug‐resistant atrial fibrillation in 88 patients and evaluated the anatomical features of the VOM and their background.ResultsAll procedures were completed, however, other than myocardial staining, trivial contrast medium leaked out of the VOM into the pericardial space, that is, extravasation of contrast medium with capillary rupture, during the EIM in 20 patients (22.7%) regardless of the features of the VOM. No pericardial effusions requiring further intervention developed after the extravasation, which resolved by the next day on echocardiography in 18 of those patients. However, two patients who had extravasation other than during the initial contrast injection required additional therapeutic intervention for nonnegligible pericardial effusions. Their body weights were significantly lower and the latter two patients were also small lean women with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction.ConclusionsThe physical constitution, regardless of the characteristics of the VOM, could be strongly associated with adverse events during the EIM. We must take extreme care in smaller patients with poor compliant hearts during the EIM.
A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Nyaga Ulrich Flore 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis systematic review summarizes the data on the prevalence, risk factors, complications, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2019, to identify all published studies providing data on AF in populations living in SSA. A total of 72 studies were included. The community‐based prevalence of AF was 4.3% and 0.7% in individuals aged ≥40 years and aged ≥70 years, respectively. The prevalence of AF ranged between 6.7% and 34.8% in patients with ischemic stroke, between 9.5% and 46.8% in those with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), between 5% and 31.5% in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The main risk factors for AF were hypertension, affecting at least one‐third of patients with AF, and valvular heart disease (12.3%‐44.4%) and cardiomyopathy (~20%). Complications of AF included heart failure in about two thirds and stroke in 10% to 15% of cases. The use of anticoagulation for stroke prevention was suboptimal. Rate control was the most frequent therapeutic strategy, used in approximately 65% to 95% of AF patients, with approximately 80% of them achieving rate control. The management of AF was associated with exorbitant cost. In conclusion, AF seems to have a higher prevalence in the general population than previously thought and is mostly associated with hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and RHD in SSA. It is associated with a high incidence of heart failure and stroke. The management of AF is suboptimal in SSA, especially with a low uptake of oral anticoagulation.
HMGN2 regulates non‐tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Chen Shanze , Ren Hongyu , Chen Junli , Li Jingyu , Wang Yi , Hua Yuanqi , Wang Xiaoying , Huang Ning 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as an environmental and atypical mycobacteria, can cause the chronic pulmonary infectious diseases. Macrophages have been suggested as the main host cell to initiate the innate immune responses to NTM infection. However, the molecular mechanism to regulate the antimicrobial immune responses to NTM is still largely unknown. Current study showed that the NTM clinical groups, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, significantly induced the M1 macrophage polarization with the characteristic production of nitric oxide (NO) and marker gene expression of iNOS, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and IL‐6. Interestingly, a non‐histone nuclear protein, HMGN2 (high‐mobility group N2), was found to be spontaneously induced during NTM‐activated M1 macrophage polarization. Functional studies revealed that HMGN2 deficiency in NTM‐infected macrophage promotes the expression of M1 markers and the production of NO via the enhanced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Further studies exhibited that HMGN2 knock‐down also enhanced IFNγ‐induced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that silencing HMGN2 affected the survival of NTM in macrophage, which might largely relevant to enhanced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype under the NTM infection. Collectively, current studies thus suggested a novel function of HMGN2 in regulating the anti‐non‐tuberculous mycobacteria innate immunity of macrophage.
The Healthy Heart‐Mind Trial: Randomized Controlled Trial of Melatonin for Prevention of Delirium
Authors: Ford Andrew H. , Flicker Leon , Kelly Rachael , Patel Hema , Passage Jurgen , Wibrow Bradley , Anstey Matthew , Edwards Mark , Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESDelirium is a serious medical condition with increased incidence in at‐risk surgical populations. We sought to determine if melatonin use reduces the incidence of delirium in individuals undergoing major cardiac surgery.DESIGNRandomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial (two arms, 1:1 allocation, parallel design).SETTINGThe trial took place in two metropolitan hospitals (public tertiary and private) in Perth, Western Australia.PARTICIPANTSWe recruited 210 adults aged 50 years or older who were due to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement surgery.INTERVENTIONParticipants were randomly assigned (1:1) to 7 days of treatment with melatonin 3 mg at night or matching placebo, starting 2 days before the surgery.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome of interest was incident delirium within 7 days of surgery as assessed via daily clinical assessment that included the Confusion Assessment Method. Secondary outcomes of interest included duration and severity of delirium, length of hospital stay, cognitive function, and mood and anxiety symptoms at discharge and 3 months after the surgery.RESULTSThe groups were well balanced for demographic and clinical parameters. Forty‐two participants developed delirium, but it was evenly distributed between the groups (melatonin 21/98, 21.4%; placebo 21/104, 20.2%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = .78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .35‐1.75). The median duration of delirium was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] = 2‐4) and 2 (IQR = 1‐3) days for people treated with melatonin and placebo, respectively (z = −1.03; P = .304). A similar proportion of participants experienced severe episodes of delirium in each group (melatonin 9/21, 42.9% vs placebo 6/21, 28.6%; χ2 = .93; P = .334; adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI = .40‐9.78). The groups did not differ in terms of length of stay, mood, anxiety, and cognitive performance.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial do not support the prophylactic use of melatonin to prevent delirium after major cardiac surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:112–119, 2019
Trading Against the Random Expiration of Private Information: A Natural Experiment
Authors: BOLANDNAZAR MOHAMMADREZA , JACKSON ROBERT J. , JIANG WEI , MITTS JOSHUA 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFor years, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accidentally distributed securities disclosures to some investors before the public. We exploit this setting, which is unique because the delay until public disclosure was exogenous and the private information window was well defined, to study informed trading with a random stopping time. Trading intensity and the pace at which prices incorporate information decrease with the expected delay until public release, but the relation between trading intensity and time elapsed varies with traders' learning process. Noise trading and relative information advantage play similar roles as in standard microstructure theories assuming a fixed time window.
Effect of chitosan for the control of potato diseases caused by Fusarium species
Authors: Mejdoub‐Trabelsi Boutheina , Touihri Soumaya , Ammar Nawaim , Riahi Anissa , Daami‐Remadi Mejda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe antifungal activity of chitosan against Fusarium spp. was investigated based on in vitro and in vivo assays, and its possible modes of action were also explored. Chitosan applied at 4.0 g/L of acetic acid‐distilled water solution significantly decreased the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sambucinum and Fusarium graminearum by 88.4%, 89.0% and 89.8%, respectively. Tuber treatment by chitosan (4.0 g/L) of acetic acid‐distilled water solution, prior to inoculation, reduced dry rot severity induced by F. oxysporum and F. sambucinum by 60.0% and 48.2%, respectively. When tested as plant treatment, potato plants inoculated with Fusarium species, exhibited 33.5%–45.3% less wilting severity as compared to the control. This abiotic treatment improved the phenolic compounds activities and defence‐related enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in potato tubers inoculated with Fusarium spp. Results clearly demonstrated that chitosan could be explored as an alternative agent to chemical fungicides for the control of tuber dry rot and Fusarium wilt through induction of the plant defence system.