bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung des Bedarfs an schneller Regelleistung im europäischen Verbundsystem
Authors: Gawlik Wolfgang , Kerdegarbakhsh Alireza , Pešek Markus , Alács Christian 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungÜber leistungselektronische Konverter an das Verbundsystem angebundene Einspeiser stellen, anders als direkt angebundene Synchrongeneratoren, keine rotierende Masse für das Verbundsystem zur Verfügung. Das bedeutet, dass sich die Dynamik im schwingungsfähigen Verbundsystem grundsätzlich und in den kommenden Jahren in immer stärkerem Ausmaß verändern wird. Je kleiner die Schwungmasse ist, desto schneller ändert sich die Frequenz bei einem Ungleichgewicht zwischen Erzeugung und Verbrauch. Zur Aktivierung von Regelreserven bleibt damit weniger Zeit, bis kritische Frequenzwerte erreicht werden, bei denen die Integrität des Verbundsystems nicht mehr gewährleistet werden kann. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Betrachtung von schnellerer Regelleistung im Zusammenspiel mit der Schwungmasse im System. Zur Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Frequenzstabilität im Verbundsystem ergeben sich drei Lösungsansätze, die auf der schnelleren Bereitstellung von Regelleistung basieren: Sicherstellung einer ausreichend großen reellen Schwungmasse, Einspeisung von zusätzlicher Erzeugungsleistung basierend auf dem Frequenzgradienten $df/dt$
d
f
/
d
t
und schnellere Einspeisung von zusätzlicher Erzeugungsleistung basierend auf der Frequenzabweichung $\Delta f$
Δ
f
. Der Bedarf hängt neben den vorauszusetzenden Systemeigenschaften von der Zusammensetzung und Parametrierung dieser Regelleistungen ab.
Activation of silent biosynthetic pathways and discovery of novel secondary metabolites in actinomycetes by co-culture with mycolic acid-containing bacteria
Authors: Hoshino Shotaro , Onaka Hiroyasu , Abe Ikuro 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites (SM) are rich sources of drug leads, and in particular, numerous metabolites have been isolated from actinomycetes. It was revealed by recent genome sequence projects that actinomycetes harbor much more secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) than previously expected. Nevertheless, large parts of SM-BGCs in actinomycetes are dormant and cryptic under the standard culture conditions. Therefore, a widely applicable methodology for cryptic SM-BGC activation is required to obtain novel SM. Recently, it was discovered that co-culturing with mycolic-acid-containing bacteria (MACB) widely activated cryptic SM-BGCs in actinomycetes. This “combined-culture” methodology (co-culture methodology using MACB as the partner of actinomycetes) is easily applicable for a broad range of actinomycetes, and indeed, 33 novel SM have been successfully obtained from 12 actinomycetes so far. In this review, the development, application, and mechanistic analysis of the combined-culture method were summarized.
SHUN 舜 AND THE INTERPRETATION OF EARLY ORTHOGRAPHICAL VARIATION
Authors: Smith Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJi Xusheng's 季旭昇 account of the character 〈舜〉 as a derivative of 〈夋〉 and ultimately of 〈允〉 by reference to Warring States excavated manuscript evidence, recently elaborated by Adam Smith in these pages, appears to clear up the mystery of Shun's 舜 doppelgänger—Jun 俊—in the Shanhai jing 山海經. However, while Ji's observations are of value, there is danger in treating early orthographical variation of this kind with one eye on an interpretive problem from the received texts. In this case, attested variation shows clearly that the form 〈舜〉 was no such derivative, its peculiar origins arguably “large and useless” from a textual critical point view.
ZHANG ZHONGPEI 張忠培 (1934–2017)
Authors: Linduff Katheryn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProfessor Zhang Zhongpei was a field archeologist, a Professor of archaeology at Jilin University, and a highly valued Ph.D. director of scores of students. He served in many influential capacities including as the Director of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Among archaeologists he is known through his many publications on regional cultures and through his twenty-year membership on the State Bureau of Cultural Relics which granted permits for archaeological projects that reshaped our understanding of the emergence of Chinese civilization. Zhang Zhongpei passed away at the age of eighty-three on July 3, 2017 in Beijing.
Outflows in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 traced by the [S iii] emission
Authors: Riffel Rogemar A. , Hekatelyne C. , Freitas Izabel C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe use Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph integral Field Unit observations of the inner 285 × 400 pc2 region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 to map the [S iii]λ9069 emission line flux distribution and kinematics, as well as the stellar kinematics, derived by fitting the Ca iiλλλ8498,8542,8662 triplet, at a spatial resolution of 45 pc. The stellar velocity field shows regular rotation, with a projected velocity of 100 km s−1 and kinematic major axis along a position angle of –36°. A ring of low stellar velocity dispersion values (∼70 km s−1), attributed to young/intermediate age stellar populations, is seen surrounding the nucleus with a radius of 50 pc. We found that the [S iii] flux distribution shows an elongated structure along the east–west direction and its kinematics is dominated by outflows within a bi-cone at an ionised gas outflow rate of 0.3 M⊙ yr−1. In addition, velocity slices across the [S iii]λ9069 emission line reveal a kinematic component attributed to rotation of gas in the plane of the galaxy.
Observing merger trees in a new light
Authors: Poulton Rhys J. J. , Robotham Aaron S. G. , Power Chris , Elahi Pascal J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMerger trees harvested from cosmologicalN-body simulations encode the assembly histories of dark matter halos over cosmic time and are a fundamental component of semi-analytical models of galaxy formation. The ability to compare the tools used to construct merger trees, namely halo finders and tree building algorithms, in an unbiased and systematic manner is critical to assess the quality of merger trees. In this paper, we present the dendrogram, a novel method to visualise merger trees, which provides a comprehensive characterisation of a halo’s assembly history—tracking subhalo orbits, halo merger events, and the general evolution of halo properties. We show the usefulness of thedendrogramas a diagnostic tool of merger trees by comparing halo assembly simulation analysed with three different halo finders—VELOCIraptor, AHF, and Rockstar—and their associated tree builders. Based on our analysis of the resulting dendrograms, we highlight how they have been used to motivate improvements to VELOCIraptor. Thedendrogramsoftware is publicly available online, at:https://github.com/rhyspoulton/MergerTree-Dendrograms.
Do Elections Improve Constituency Responsiveness? Evidence from US Cities
Authors: Christensen Darin , Ejdemyr Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDo elections motivate incumbent politicians to serve their voters? In this paper, we use millions of service requests placed by residents in US cities to measure constituency responsiveness. We then test whether an unusual policy change in New York City, which enabled city councilors to run for three rather than two terms in office, improved constituency responsiveness in previously term-limited councilors’ districts. Using difference-in-differences, we find robust evidence for this. Taking advantage of differential timing of local election races in New York City and San Francisco, we also find late-term improvements to responsiveness in districts represented by reelection-seeking incumbents. Elections improve municipal services, but also create cycles in constituency responsiveness. These findings have implications for theories of representative democracy.
THE HUNCHAKIAN REVOLUTIONARY PARTY AND THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPTS AGAINST PATRIARCH KHOREN ASHEKIAN AND MAKSUDZADE SIMON BEY IN 1894
Authors: Ketsemanian Varak 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe spring of 1894 was an important period for Constantinople's Armenian community. Two assassination attempts targeted the Armenian patriarch Khoren Ashekian, and the chairperson of the Armenian Political Assembly Maksudzade Simon Bey, respectively. In both cases, the assailants were partisans of the Hunchakian Party, an Armenian revolutionary organization established in 1887. Analyzing the reasons behind these two attacks, and the imperial context in which they took place, this article challenges aspects of mainstream Armenian and Turkish historiography on the Hamidian period. It argues that a critical look at these two attacks through a socio-economic paradigm rather than an ethno-political one provides a viable analytical framework for deconstructing the notion of the “Armenian millet” as an undifferentiated community. More generally, the article explores the role of violence in shaping intracommunal relationships in the early 1890s.
Yield and nutrient gap analysis for potato in northwest China
Authors: Liu X. , Li S. , He P. , Zhang P. , Duan Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnalysis of the potato yield gap and the corresponding nutrient gap can help in devising strategies and measurements to increase productivity for closing the gaps through improved practices. On-farm experiments conducted in the main potato production areas of northwest China were used to determine attainable yield. Official statistical data were used to determine the actual on-farm yield. Yield gap was the difference between attainable yield and actual on-farm yield. Nutrient gap was calculated by dividing the size of yield gap by partial factor productivity. Results indicated that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization increased potato yield by an average of 1169–7625, 2937–5336 and 2331–7338 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha and the average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, respectively. In the above four regions, yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield. Compared with recent 3-year average NPK rates by farmers, the total NPK rates need to increase by 90.1–134.3% for IMAR, 42.9–69.2% for Gansu, 68.1–111.2% for Ningxia and 48.1–83.8% for Qinghai to improve productivity to near the 75% attainable yield. In conclusion, the high yield responses to fertilizer application provide opportunities to close the large yield gaps through balanced nutrition.
Mythic Paradigms and the Platonic Life: Becoming a Bacchus in Damascius’ Philosophical History
Authors: Miles Graeme 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe fragmentary biographical work by Damascius, known as either the Life of Isidore or Philosophical History, appears to have begun with the myths of the dismemberment of Osiris and Dionysus. These programmatic allusions establish an important theme in the text that followed: ‘becoming a Bacchus’. This, as is clear from Damascius’ Phaedo Commentary, refers to the process of unifying and liberating oneself from the body at the ‘cathartic’ stage in the Neoplatonic scale of virtues. The acquisition of likeness to this specific deity is, therefore, a vital though far from final stage in the progression towards the ultimate goal of late antique Platonic philosophy: ‘becoming like god as far as possible’.
Trumpism, Citizenship, and the Future of the LGBTQ Movement
Authors: Murib Zein 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScholarship on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) politics argues that political claims, such as access to the military and marriage, are most effective when representatives from the group articulate that the desire for inclusion and participation in those institutions is similar to the desires held by their straight and nontransgender counterparts. This strategy of assimilation has yielded many positive legal changes. And yet the Donald Trump administration marks a period in which these gains have been repeatedly challenged and particular segments of the LGBTQ group are increasingly under attack. This article offers a preliminary analysis of how LGBTQ politics has been impacted by the 2016 election. Using a historical case study of LGBTQ identity construction and agenda development during the second half of the 1990s, I ask: how might the LGBTQ group mine its recent history for clues to rethink its political agenda and political strategies? Having shown that opportunities to advance a different movement—one focused on more radical, broadly inclusive changes—were bypassed during this period, I conclude by putting forward several recommendations for contemporary LGBTQ movement building and resistance strategies.
Simulated Global Climate Response to Tropospheric Ozone‐Induced Changes in Plant Transpiration
Authors: Arnold S. R. , Lombardozzi D. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Richardson T. , Emmons L. K. , Tilmes S. , Sitch S. A. , Folberth G. , Hollaway M. J. , Val Martin M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTropospheric ozone (O3) pollution is known to damage vegetation, reducing photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, resulting in modified plant transpiration to the atmosphere. We use an Earth system model to show that global transpiration response to near‐present‐day surface tropospheric ozone results in large‐scale global perturbations to net outgoing long‐wave and incoming shortwave radiation. Our results suggest that the radiative effect is dominated by a reduction in shortwave cloud forcing in polluted regions, in response to ozone‐induced reduction in land‐atmosphere moisture flux and atmospheric humidity. We simulate a statistically significant response of annual surface air temperature of up to ~ +1.5 K due to this ozone effect in vegetated regions subjected to ozone pollution. This mechanism is expected to further increase the net warming resulting from historic and future increases in tropospheric ozone.
Large‐Scale Ducting of Pc1 Pulsations Observed by Swarm Satellites and Multiple Ground Networks
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Hwang Junga , Park Jaeheung , Miyashita Yukinaga , Shiokawa Kazuo , Mann Ian R. , Raita Tero , Lee Jaejin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLow Earth orbit satellites frequently encounter Pc1 pulsations, but most have been observed with limited latitudinal extent or short lifetime. In this study we analyze two large‐scale Pc1 pulsations (both latitudinally wide and long‐lasting) generated by ionospheric ducting effect using Swarm and ground magnetometers on 25 June and 3 September 2015. Swarm observed the 25 June pulsations on both dayside and nightside during the storm time substorm (a strong geomagnetic storm on 23 June withDst = − 204 nT). We found the Pc1 pulsations were pervasive in both magnetic local time sectors of dayside and nightside for at least 2 hr. Another large Pc1 pulsation on 3 September was observed during a nonstorm substorm period. We conclude that (1) ionospheric ducting can transmit Pc1 waves to a wide range of L shells, (2) geomagnetic storm is not a prerequisite for such large‐scale ducting, and (3) wave intensity can abruptly decrease across sharp gradients in the ionospheric plasma density.
Azimuthal Seismic Anisotropy in the Upper Crust of the Japanese Islands Induced by the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Megathrust Earthquake
Authors: Kim Ilgoo , Hong Tae‐Kyung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigatedVP/VSchanges in the upper crust of the Japanese islands after the 2011MW9.0 Tohoku‐Oki megathrust earthquake. AbruptVP/VSchanges with azimuth‐dependent variations were observed after the megathrust earthquake. TheVP/VSchanges ranged between −0.0458 (±0.0012) and 0.0422 (±0.0033). Large localizedVP/VSchanges over regional distances suggested medium‐dependent deformation. PeakVP/VSchanges were observed along paths subparallel or subperpendicular to the directions toward the megathrust earthquake. TheVP/VSchanges displayed characteristic 2θvariations as a function of the azimuth difference, suggesting azimuthal seismic anisotropy. TheVP/VSratio recovered gradually over time. Some regions presented permanentVP/VSchanges. The azimuthal seismic anisotropy may have developed from preferential crack orientation as a consequence of the combined effects of lithospheric displacements and a depth‐dependent ambient stress field. It appears that recovery of the medium properties may take decades.
Influence of Clay, Calcareous Microfossils, and Organic Matter on the Nature and Diagenetic Evolution of Pore Systems in Mudstones
Authors: Mathia Eliza J. , Rexer Thomas F. T. , Thomas K. Mark , Bowen Leon , Aplin Andrew C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMudstones exert a fundamental control on the flow of both aqueous and nonaqueous fluids in sedimentary basins. Predicting their flow and storage properties requires an understanding of pore size and connectivity, yet there are very few quantitative descriptions of pore systems of mineralogically and texturally well‐characterized mudstones. We use a combination of electron microscopy, mercury injection capillary pressure porosimetry, and CO2 sorption methods to generate a quantitative description of the size distribution, connectivity, and evolution of pore systems in a sequence of Posidonia Shale mudstones buried to 100–180 °C. We place the pore data into a detailed mineralogical, petrographical, and textural context to show that the nature and evolution of porosity and pore systems can be described in terms of associations with clay‐rich, microfossil‐rich, and organic matter‐rich domains, common to many mudstones. Pore size distributions are described by power laws, and pore systems are well connected across the full nanometer‐micrometer spectrum of pore sizes. However, connected networks occur primarily through pores <10 nm radius, with typically 20–40% of total porosity associated with pores with radii < ~3 nm, within both organic matter and the clay matrix. Clay‐rich, microfossil‐rich, and organic matter‐rich domains have distinct pore size distributions which evolve in very different ways with increasing thermal maturity. We suggest that the flow of aqueous and nonaqueous fluids depends not only on the overall connectivity of pores but also the larger‐scale connectivity and wetting state of clay‐rich, microfossil‐rich, and organic matter‐rich domains.
An Extended Grain‐Based Model Accounting for Microstructures in Rock Deformation
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Wong Louis Ngai Yuen , Chan Ka Kit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReliable prediction of the rock fracturing process is a challenging issue in exploitation of deep earth resources in which artificial creation of complex fracture networks is employed. The grain‐based modeling (GBM) approach is a promising numerical technique for its unique capability to simulate the fracturing behavior of crystalline rocks. An extended grain‐based model is developed to improve the traditional Voronoi GBM from two aspects. First, digital image processing technique is presented to incorporate actual rock microstructures into the numerical model. Second, the effect of initial microcracks is considered by integrating a statistical discrete fracture network model into GBM. By simulating semicircular bending tests on 16 extended GBMs and 3 Voronoi GBMs, the effects of rock microstructures and initial microcracks on microcracking behavior and mechanical properties are analyzed. Cracking patterns are classified into four types for the first time with respect to fracture toughness and crack initiation threshold. The results indicate that the use of a statistical structure or a purely deterministic GBM without consideration of initial microcracks cannot realistically describe grain‐scale discontinuities, which likely leads to biased evaluations of the rock failure process.
Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
Authors: Blondel Thibaud , Chaput Julien , Derode Arnaud , Campillo Michel , Aubry Alexandre 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple scattering of seismic waves is often seen as a nightmare for conventional migration techniques that generally rely on a ballistic or a single‐scattering assumption. In heterogeneous areas such as volcanoes, the multiple‐scattering contribution limits the imaging‐depth to one scattering mean free path, the mean distance between two successive scattering events for body waves. In this Letter, we propose a matrix approach of passive seismic imaging that pushes back this fundamental limit by making an efficient use of scattered body waves drowned into a noisy seismic coda. As a proof of concept, the case of the Erebus volcano in Antarctica is considered. The Green's functions between a set of geophones placed on top of the volcano are first retrieved by the cross correlation of coda waves induced by multiple icequakes. This set of impulse responses forms a reflection matrix. By combining a matrix discrimination of singly scattered waves with iterative time reversal, we are able to push back the multiple scattering limit beyond 10 scattering mean free paths. The matrix approach reveals the internal structure of the Erebus volcano: A chimney‐shaped structure at shallow depths, a magma reservoir at 2,500 m and several cavities at sea level and below it. The matrix approach paves the way toward a greatly improved monitoring of volcanic structures at depth. Beyond this specific case, the matrix approach of seismic imaging can generally be applied to all scales and areas where multiple scattering events undergone by body waves prevent in‐depth imaging of the Earth's crust.
The ERK and JNK pathways in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Papa Salvatore , Choy Pui Man , Bubici Concetta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost tumor cells reprogram their glucose metabolism as a result of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, leading to the constitutive activation of signaling pathways involved in cell growth. This metabolic reprogramming, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, allows tumor cells to sustain their fast proliferation and evade apoptosis. Interfering with oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate the Warburg effect in cancer cells has therefore become an attractive anticancer strategy. However, evidence for the occurrence of the Warburg effect in physiological processes has also been documented. As such, close consideration of which signaling pathways are beneficial targets and the effect of their inhibition on physiological processes are essential. The MAPK/ERK and MAPK/JNK pathways, crucial for normal cellular responses to extracellular stimuli, have recently emerged as key regulators of the Warburg effect during tumorigenesis and normal cellular functions. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of the ERK and JNK pathways in controlling the Warburg effect in cancer and discuss their implication in controlling this metabolic reprogramming in physiological processes and opportunities for targeting their downstream effectors for therapeutic purposes.