bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative globulin‐to‐albumin ratio predicts outcome after curative resection in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Shimizu Takayuki , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Shibuya Norisuke , Tanaka Genki , Abe Akihito , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe globulin‐to‐albumin ratio (GAR) is useful for prognostication of patients with various cancers. However, the significance of GAR in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the GAR and outcome after curative resection in GC patients.MethodsThree‐hundred and seventy‐six patients who had undergone curative resection for GC were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazard model were performed to detect clinical characteristics that correlated with overall survival (OS), and their cut‐off values were identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank test were used for comparison of OS and relapse‐free survival (RFS).ResultsMultivariate analysis using 17 clinical characteristics selected by univariate analyses revealed that GAR (>0.80/≤0.80) was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.305; 95% CI, 1.122‐4.735; P = 0.023), as well as lymph node metastasis (presence/absence) (HR, 2.417; 95% CI, 1.077‐5.426; P = 0.032), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (>2.7/≤2.7) (HR, 2.368; 95% CI, 1.138‐4.930; P = 0.002), and serosal invasion (presence/absence) (HR, 3.443; 95% CI, 1.048‐11.31; P = 0.042). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank test demonstrated that the OS and RFS of patients with a high GAR (>0.80) were significantly poorer than those with low GAR (≤0.80).ConclusionsThe GAR is a useful predictor of postoperative outcome among GC patients undergoing curative resection.
Lamotrigine clearance increases by 5 weeks gestational age: Relationship to estradiol concentrations and gestational age
Authors: Karanam Ashwin , Pennell Page B. , French Jacqueline A. , Harden Cynthia L. , Allien Stephanie , Lau Connie , Barnard Sarah , Callisto Samuel P. , Birnbaum Angela K. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo determine how early lamotrigine clearance (LTG‐CL/F) increases during early pregnancy in women with epilepsy and to quantify the relationship of LTG‐CL/F to estradiol concentrations and gestational week.MethodsThis was a multicenter, observational study of pregnant women with epilepsy on lamotrigine and no interacting concomitant medications, employing frequent blood sampling prior to and early in pregnancy. A population mixed‐effects modeling approach was used to describe the relationship between LTG‐CL/F and gestational week and between LTG‐CL/F and estradiol. Akaike information criterion (AIC) compared goodness of fit between final models and a generalized estimating equation to compare differences between low and high percentage LTG‐CL/F change groups (p < 0.05).ResultsTwenty‐five pregnancies (22 participants) were available. Increases in LTG‐CL/F were present at 5 weeks gestational age. Both estradiol and gestational week were highly correlated with LTG‐CL/F changes; LTG‐CL/F increased at the rate of 0.115l/h for every gestational week and 0.844l/h for every 1ng/ml of estradiol, with women in the high LTG‐CL/F percentage change group changing at a faster rate (p < 0.001). Models using gestational week performed better than models using estradiol.InterpretationGestational week was a better predictor of changes in LTG‐CL/F than estradiol concentration and may reflect additional factors, although neither was robust enough to use clinically due to substantial interpatient variability. Changes in LTG‐CL/F begin as early as the 5th gestational week, often before women know they are pregnant, emphasizing the importance of planning and early detection of pregnancy and consideration of early implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring. Ann Neurol 2018;84:556–563
Scalp electroencephalographic biomarkers in epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Epitashvili Nino , San Antonio‐Arce Victoria , Brandt Armin , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo assess scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns as possible biomarkers for an underlying focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in patients with structural epilepsy.MethodsScalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) of epilepsy patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of FCD type I or II (n = 71, age = 3–66 years, 28 female) and of controls with other underlying pathologies (n = 43, age = 2–60 years, 16 female) were retrospectively evaluated regarding the presence or absence of 12 scalp EEG patterns previously reported to be associated with FCD. Furthermore, 2 subgroups of these biomarkers with common characteristics were also analyzed. Each of the 12 biomarkers was tested for association with FCD by comparing the presence of each feature in FCD patients and controls using Fisher exact test.ResultsA significant association with FCD as underlying etiology was found for 6 of 12 previously reported biomarkers. With decreasing odds ratios, these were continuous epileptiform discharges, 2 types of rhythmic epileptiform discharges, polyspikes, frequent rhythmic bursting epileptiform activity, and repetitive discharges as well as the subgroups containing repetitive activity and polyspikes, respectively. Presence of EEG biomarkers was independent of a visible underlying magnetic resonance imaging–visible lesion, and had similar prevalence with FCD I and II. Individual biomarkers had specificities of 65 to 98% and sensitivities of 17 to 61% for an underlying FCD, and combinations of EEG biomarkers achieved 100% specificity.InterpretationThis study confirms that there are several surface EEG biomarkers significantly associated with an underlying cortical dysplasia. These biomarkers may aid in localizing suspicious brain regions and provide evidence for dysplastic brain tissue also in nonlesional patients of either histological FCD subtype. Ann Neurol 2018;84:564–575
Transition Metal Free Cycloamination of Prenyl Carbamates and Ureas Promoted by Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Abrams Roman , Lefebvre Quentin , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUpon treatment with aryldiazonium salts, prenyl carbamates and ureas undergo redox‐neutral azocycloamination. In general, N‐aryl O‐prenyl carbamates cyclize in a photocatalytic reaction with visible light and an organic dye. With electron‐deficient diazonium salts, electronic matching with an electron‐rich N‐aryl substituent results in a reaction proceeding in the ground state, without either light or photocatalyst. Cyclic voltammetry suggests that this radical reaction is initiated by hydrogen‐atom abstraction mediated by an aryl radical, followed by a radical addition cascade and proton‐coupled hole propagation. The reaction proceeds at room temperature in short reaction times, and a range of functional groups is tolerated.
Ultraschnelle Photo‐RAFT‐Blockcopolymerisation von Isopren und Styrol im kontinuierlichen Flussreaktor
Authors: Lauterbach Felix , Rubens Maarten , Abetz Volker , Junkers Tanja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolymere aus Isopren und Styrol sind in verschiedensten Zusammensetzungen in alltäglichen Verbrauchsprodukten zu finden. Ihre Synthese ist dabei üblicherweise auf radikalische Emulsions‐Polymerisation oder anionische Polymerisation limitiert. In dieser Arbeit wird daher die photoinduzierte RAFT‐Polymerisation (reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer) von Isopren und Styrol in einem kontinuierlichen Mikroreaktor beschrieben. Die Kombination aus hoher Photoeffizienz und erhöhten Temperaturen reduziert die Reaktionszeiten im Vergleich zu konventionellen, kontrolliert radikalischen Polymerisationsmethoden drastisch und ermöglicht somit signifikanten Monomerumsatz in weniger als einer halben Stunde. Es konnten zum ersten Mal Polyisopren (PI) und Polystyrol (PS) in realisierbaren Reaktionszeiten mit hohen Funktionalisierungsgraden hergestellt werden, deren Endgruppendichte über Blockcopolymerisationen bis hin zu einem Polystyrol‐block‐Polyisopren‐block‐Polystyrol (PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS) nachgewiesen wurde.
Geochemical Continuity and Catalyst/Cofactor Replacement in the Emergence and Evolution of Life
Authors: Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe origin of life is mostly divided into “genetics first” and “metabolism first” hypotheses. The former is based on spark‐tube tests and organic species from meteorites and comets, and proposes a heterotrophic origin of life also consistent with the “RNA World” concept. The “metabolism first” hypothesis posits that life began autotrophically on minerals and/or hydrothermal vents. The lack of direct evidence means it is not possible to lend solid support to either hypothesis but the “metabolism first” option can be explored if a continuous geochemical, catalytically dynamic process is assumed. Using this approach, it is speculated that purine and pyrimidine synthesis originated on a mineral surface, which was later replaced by ATP. The same applies to redox processes where metal‐bound hydrides could have been replaced by NAD.
Correlation of the Solid‐Fat Content in Vegetable Oils with Other Parameters during Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Woo YunSik , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCorrelations of the solid‐fat content (SFC) with oxidative parameters were determined in three vegetable oils including corn, soybean, and palm oils, during thermal oxidation at 150°C. As the oxidation time increased, SFC and oxidation parameters, including conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value, p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), acid value, and total polar materials (TPM), increased at different rates in all oils. Although corn and soybean oil underwent higher rates of lipid oxidation than palm oil, SFC changes in palm oil were observed at higher rates than those in corn and soybean oils. Palm oil showed a high correlation of SFC against p‐AV and TPM compared with corn and soybean oils. Soybean oil showed a higher correlation of SFC and oxidation parameters than corn oil except acid values. SFC could be useful to determine secondary lipid oxidation products and the level of TPM in oxidized vegetable oils.
An Initial Study of the Catalytic Reforming of Crop Oil‐Derived 1‐Alkenes with HZSM‐5 to Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Amsley‐Benzie Shelby , Fegade Swapnil , Tande Brian , Kubátová Alena , Kozliak Evguenii , Seames Wayne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study explored the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from the longer‐chain alkenes produced by the pyrolysis/cracking of crop oils. 1‐Tetradecene, serving as a model compound for these alkenes, was reformed in a batch reactor with a HZSM‐5 catalyst to produce a liquid hydrocarbon mixture with a high‐aromatic content. These reactions resulted in a >99% conversion of the 1‐tetradecene feedstock with a yield of up to 22 wt% of aromatic hydrocarbons. Surprisingly, isomers of C3‐substituted benzenes along with xylenes and diaromatics (lower homologs of alkyl‐substituted indanes and naphthalenes) were the main aromatic products rather than their lower‐molecular‐weight (MW) homologs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, which are commonly formed with high selectivity during zeolite‐catalyzed reforming. The recovery of higher‐MW aromatics, and particularly bicyclic naphthalenes and indanes, provides mechanistic insights for zeolite‐catalyzed alkene reforming reactions suggesting that these higher‐MW aromatics are likely formed near the catalyst surface at pore openings. Furthermore, the production of acyclic diene intermediates in the size range of C7–C10 provides insight into the overall reaction pathway. The results suggest that this reaction pathway may be a commercially viable option for the production of renewable C3‐substituted aromatic chemicals/chemical intermediates as coproducts to complement the kerosene and diesel fuel blendstocks that are the primary products from crop oil cracking.
Effects of the morphology of sulfobetaine zwitterionic layers grafted onto a silicone surface on improving the hydrophilic stability, anti‐bacterial adhesion properties, and biocompatibility
Authors: Cao Qin , Wu Shuqing , Wang Liying , Shi Xuetao , Li Guangji 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThough silicone rubber has been used in the biomedical field, its inherent hydrophobic nature and “hydrophobic recovery” limit its wide application. In this article, cross‐linked and comb‐like sulfobetaine zwitterionic layers were covalently grafted onto the surface of a silicone film (SF) by ultraviolet (UV) curing in the presence and absence of cross‐linking agent, respectively, after the surface was pretreated under high‐energy vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. Comparative studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the grafting layers on the surface properties, hydrophilic stability, anti‐bacterial adhesion property, and cytocompatibility. The results showed that VUV‐UV irradiation is an efficient modification method for introducing hydrophilic groups onto SF surface. The covalently linked zwitterions endowed the silicone surface with good hydrophilicity, a better reduction in the adhesion of bacteria relative to the properties of a pristine silicone surface. The cross‐linked layer exhibited better hydrophilic stability, anti‐bacterial adhesion properties and biocompatibility due to better coverage of the surface than the comb‐like layer. The improvement in these properties provides the potential for the extensive application of modified silicone films in silastic implants and medical dressings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46860.
Synthesis and characterization of copolyamides derived from novel aliphatic bio‐based diamine
Authors: Rwei S.‐P. , Ranganathan P. , Chiang W.‐Y. , Lee Y.‐H. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTNovel aliphatic nylon 6 (PA6) copolyamides were produced by melt polymerization reaction of our newly synthesized aliphatic bio‐based diamine monomer: N1, N6‐bis (4‐aminobutyl) adipamide (BABA). The pertinent long‐chain polyamide salt (BABA/SA) monomer was isolated as white solid, utterly characterized for the first time. The chemical structure of BABA, BABA/SA salt, and copolyamides (PA6‐BABA/SA) were investigated by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Depending on the chemical compositions, the viscosity and molecular weight of the copolyamides were in the range of 20 275–12 652 and 2.81–2.12 dL/g. With increasing BABA/SA salt weight content in the synthesized copolyamides, their melting temperatures (Tm) and glass transition temperatures (Tg) decreased from 211.0 to 164.0 °C and 66.6 to 43.5 °C. In addition XRD results were investigated revealing all the copolyamides transferred from α‐form to γ‐form. Interestingly, the as‐synthesized all copolyamides possess nearly similar thermal stability (Td = 452.2–449.5 °C) as neat PA6. Mechanical testing data revealed that with increasing BABA/SA salt content, the elongation at break of copolyamides are increased (726.19–429.34%), while the tensile strength are decreased. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46878.
Cure behavior and compatibilization of epoxide hyperbranched polyurethane on silica/benzoxazine blend
Authors: Zhang C. , Lei Z. , Zhang J. , Wang Y. , Liu Y. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe compatibility of polymer blends is pivotal for their performance enhancement due to the large surface tension and weak interaction among individual components. In this work, epoxide hyperbranched polyurethanes (EHPU) was used to realize the compatibility between silica (SiO2), generated in situ from tetraethoxysilane, and benzoxazine (BZ). The compatibilization effect and mechanism of EHPU on SiO2/BZ were investigated via the differences of cure characteristics and kinetics between BZ, SiO2/BZ, and EHPU‐SiO2/BZ blend. EHPU‐SiO2/BZ blend exhibited lower initial curing temperature and wider curing window than those of SiO2/BZ and neat BZ. In addition, the co‐curing reaction was existed between EHPU and BZ, which contributed to the reactive compatibilization. More importantly, the growth of SiO2 particles was hindered by the nonreactive compatibilization due to the hydrogen interaction between EHPU and the silanols. Thus, the compatibilization of EHPU on SiO2/BZ blend is a result of the synergetic effect of the hydrogen interaction and the co‐curing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46879.
Efficient adsorptive extraction materials by surface protein‐imprinted polymer over silica gel for selective recognition/separation of human serum albumin from urine
Authors: Madhumanchi Sreenu , Jadda Ramana , Suedee Roongnapa 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report the development of adsorptive extraction materials by surface protein‐imprinted polymers (MIPs) over silica gel for selective recognition/separation of human serum albumin (HSA) from urine. The HSA‐imprinted polymers prepared on silica particle had at interface between the silica gel and different MIPs greatly produced enrichment for the binding of protein from the urine. The solid‐phase extraction of the optimized polymer layer was prepared by copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide (AAm), and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) and a crosslinker methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) at the mole ratio of 1:158:88 (T:M:C) and showed moderate affinity (<104 order M−1) toward target protein HSA and selectivity. Four analogues, egg white albumin (EWA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (Lyz), and creatinine (Cre) were selected to study the binding efficiency of MIPs in single and binary protein solutions. We studied the influence on recognition ability for HSA and found that prepolymer mixture and matrix flexibility of the optimized thin polymer layer (35 ± 10 nm) on the submicrosilica particles. The high‐binding affinity (QMIP, 86.7 mg g−1) and fast kinetics (180 min) were observed for this synthesized HSA‐MIP when compared with other reported HSA‐MIPs in surface imprinting (5.9 and 11.3 mg g−1) and epitope surface imprinting (46.6 mg g−1) methods. We demonstrated the application in real and synthetic urine samples that the approach allowed the efficient adsorption of HSA in real urine (129.48 mg g−1) is almost double to the binding of HSA in synthetic urine (67.84 mg g−1). Apart from this, only minor interference of Cre (2.74 mg g−1) was observed, eventhough Cre is the final metabolite in urine. These adsorptive submicrosilica materials have potential in the pharmaceutical industry and clinical analysis applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46894.
Screening anaphylactoid components of Shuang Huang Lian Injection by analyzing spectrum–effect relationships coupled with UPLC–TOF–MS
Authors: Feng Yufei , Jing Zhongxu , Li Yongji , Lv Shaowa , Li Weinan , Cai Guofeng , Yang Danqi , Wang Yanhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractShuang Huang Lian Injection (SHLI) has been used in China for over 30 years as an effective and widely used Chinese herbal prescription to treat acute respiratory infectious. SHLI has, however, caused many severe anaphylactoid reactions. It is important to identify the potential anaphylactoid components of SHLI. Spectrum–effect relationships were used to explore potentially anaphylactoid components. Based on the original herbal formula, honeysuckle, Fructus Forsythiae and Radix Scutellariae extracts were prepared and combined in appropriate proportions. The preparations were then injected into the caudal vein of rats to obtain in vivo serum samples for pharmacological evaluation and fingerprint analysis. The release rate of β‐hexosaminidase from RBL‐2H3 cells and plasma histamine level was used as the pharmacological index. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis identified 22 common peaks. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological effects and identified peaks 5, 6, 11, 12 and 17 as likely anaphylactoid agents. The correlated peaks were identified by comparing the fingerprints with in vitro samples and reference standard samples and the structure was identified by UPLC–TOF–MS. This study established a prospective method to clarify the anaphylactoid components in SHLI, which would provide guidances for screening anaphylactoid components in other traditional Chinese medicine injections.
Design of MSE wall with reinforcing strips using FoundationPro
Authors: Yamin Mohammad M. , Obadat Mohammad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the development and implementation of a mechanically stabilized Earth (MSE) Wall module in FoundationPro. The software was developed to improve the teaching methodology of MSE Wall foundation design with reinforcing strips as part of the foundation engineering coursework for undergraduate level students. The user‐friendly interface software was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. It includes several features that enables the user to perform a wide range of foundation design problems effortlessly with improved accuracy. The software, which was developed as a shareware application with no licensing restrictions, is expected to positively impact many students and educators at several engineering schools nationally and internationally.
Lewis Base Catalyzed Selective Chlorination of Monosilanes
Authors: Sturm Alexander G. , Schweizer Julia I. , Meyer Lioba , Santowski Tobias , Auner Norbert , Holthausen Max C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA preparatively facile, highly selective synthesis of bifunctional monosilanes R2SiHCl, RSiHCl2 and RSiH2Cl is reported. By chlorination of R2SiH2 and RSiH3 with concentrated HCl/ether solutions, the stepwise introduction of Si−Cl bonds is readily controlled by temperature and reaction time for a broad range of substrates. In a combined experimental and computational study, we establish a new mode of Si−H bond activation assisted by Lewis bases such as ethers, amines, phosphines, and chloride ions. Elucidation of the underlying reaction mechanisms shows that alcohol assistance through hydrogen‐bond networks is equally efficient and selective. Remarkably, formation of alkoxysilanes or siloxanes is not observed under moderate reaction conditions.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Biarylmethanes from Aryl Iodides and Benzylic Ketones
Authors: Pichette Drapeau Martin , Tlili Anis , Zaid Yassir , Toummini Dounia , Ouazzani Chahdi Fouad , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Ollevier Thierry , Taillefer Marc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn original metal‐free procedure for the synthesis of biarylmethanes is disclosed herein. The reactions occur with high selectivity starting from aryl iodides and benzylic ketones in the presence of superbasic media (CsOH/DMSO). This procedure allows a straightforward access to a wide range of biarylmethane derivatives substituted with electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents.
Reengineering Chemical Glycosylation: Direct, Metal‐Free Anomeric O‐Arylation of Unactivated Carbohydrates
Authors: Lucchetti Nicola , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo sustain innovation in glycobiology, effective routes to well‐defined carbohydrate probes must be developed. For over a century, glycosylation has been dominated by the formation of the anomeric Csp3−O acetal junction in glycostructures. A dissociative mechanistic spectrum spanning SN1 and SN2 is frequently operational thereby reducing the efficiency. By reengineering this fundamental process, an orthogonal disconnection allows the acetal to be formed directly from the reducing sugar without the need for substrate pre‐functionalisation. The use of stable aryliodonium salts facilitates a formal O−H functionalisation reaction. This allows lactols to undergo mild, metal‐free O‐arylation at ambient temperature. The efficiency of the transformation has been validated using a variety of pyranoside and furanoside monosaccharides in addition to biologically relevant di‐ and trisaccharides (up to 85 %). Fluorinated mechanistic probes that augment the anomeric effect were employed. It is envisaged that this strategy will prove expansive for the construction of complex acetals under substrate‐based stereocontrol.