bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast iris recognition system through optimum feature extraction
Authors: Rana Humayan Kabir , Azam Md. Shafiul , Akhtar Mst. Rashida , Quinn Julian M.W. , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2019

With an increasing demand for stringent security systems, automated identification of individuals based on biometric methods has been a major focus of research and development over the last decade. Biometric recognition analyses unique physiological traits or behavioral characteristics, such as an iris, face, retina, voice, fingerprint, hand geometry, keystrokes or gait. The iris has a complex and unique structure that remains stable over a person's lifetime, features that have led to its increasing interest in its use for biometric recognition.
In this study, we proposed a technique incorporating Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) for the extraction of the optimum features of an iris and reducing the runtime needed for iris templates classification. The idea of using DWT behind PCA is to reduce the resolution of the iris template. DWT converts an iris image into four frequency sub-bands. One frequency sub-band instead of four has been used for further feature extraction by using PCA. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficient performance of the proposed technique.
Ovaries absent links dLsd1 to HP1a for local H3K4 demethylation required for heterochromatic gene silencing
Authors: Yang Fu , Quan Zhenghui , Huang Huanwei , He Minghui , Liu Xicheng , Cai Tao , Xi Rongwen 
Published: January 2019

Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) is a conserved chromosomal protein in eukaryotic cells that has a major role in directing heterochromatin formation, a process that requires co-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by small RNAs and their associated argonaute proteins. Heterochromatin formation requires erasing the active epigenetic mark, such as H3K4me2, but the molecular link between HP1 and H3K4 demethylation remains unclear. In a fertility screen in female Drosophila, we identified ovaries absent (ova), which functions in the stem cell niche, downstream of Piwi, to support germline stem cell differentiation. Moreover, ova acts as a suppressor of position effect variegation, and is required for silencing telomeric transposons in the germline. Biochemically, Ova acts to link the H3K4 demethylase dLsd1 to HP1a for local histone modifications. Therefore, our study provides a molecular connection between HP1a and local H3K4 demethylation during HP1a-mediated gene silencing that is required for ovary development, transposon silencing, and heterochromatin formation.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Assessing Competency in Family Medicine Residents Using the Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise
Authors: LeBeau Lawrence , Morgan Christine , Heath Deborah , Pazdernik Vanessa K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Context
The Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) is one example of a direct observation tool used for workplace-based skills assessment. The Mini-CEX has been validated as a useful formative evaluation tool in graduate medical education. However, no Mini-CEX has been reported in the literature that specifically assesses the osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) skills of family medicine residents. Therefore, the authors created and studied an OMM Mini-CEX to fill this skills assessment gap.

Objective
To determine whether the OMM Mini-CEX is perceived as an effective evaluation tool for assessing the OMM core competencies of family medicine residents.

Methods
Faculty and residents of The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education National Family Medicine Residency program participated in the study. Each resident was evaluated at least once using the OMM Mini-CEX. Surveys were used to assess faculty and resident perceptions of the usefulness and effectiveness of the OMM Mini-CEX for assessing OMM competencies.

Results
Eighty-one responses were received during 2 survey cycles within a 7-month period. The internal consistency of the survey responses had a high reliability (Cronbach α=0.93). Considering respondents who agreed that they had a clear understanding of the general purpose of a Mini-CEX, the perceived effectiveness score for the OMM Mini-CEX was higher among those who agreed that a Mini-CEX was a useful part of training than among those who disagreed or were unsure of its usefulness (median score, 4.0 vs 3.4, respectively; P=.047).

Conclusions
The results suggest the OMM Mini-CEX can be a useful direct observation evaluation tool to assess OMM core competencies in family medicine residents. Additional research is needed to determine its perceived effectiveness in other clinical specialties and in undergraduate medical education.
Assessing Teacher Digital Competence: the Construction of an Instrument for Measuring the Knowledge of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Lázaro Cantabrana José Luis , Usart Rodríguez Mireia , Gisbert Cervera Mercè 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Assessing competences always poses a challenge and can be even more complicated when tackling a multidimensional competence like teacher digital competence (TDC). TDC is understood to consist of different dimensions linked to its components. This complexity gives rise to the need to organize and systematize both TDC training and its evaluation through a standard based on validated benchmark indicators. Designing and developing an instrument for TDC assessment has been a two-phase process. The COMDID-A self-assessment tool was developed in the first phase and COMDID-C, an instrument for assessing knowledge related to TDC, in the second. In this article we present the process of constructing the COMDID-C instrument. For this first stage, we worked with two samples, an expert validation and a pilot test sample. Due to the complexity of the test, we conducted a preliminary evaluation of the validity of its content, construction and reliability. Our results indicate that the test is well designed and consistent with its intended purpose. The next step will be administering the test to a larger sample that will allow the instrument to be externally validated.
Parecer: utilização de animais em rodeios
Authors: MARTINS Renata De Freitas 
Published: January 2019

A pedido da Mountarat Associação de Proteção Ambiental<br />elaboramos parecer sobre a utilização de animais em rodeios<br />como embasamento contrário ao Projeto de Lei, de autoria<br />do Sr. Veredor Alemão do Cruzado, que dispõe sobre a<br />promoção e realização de rodeio no Município de Santo André<br />e dá outras providências, com a consequente revogação da Lei<br />e do artigo da Lei tendo em vista que se trata<br />de pretensão flagrantemente inconstitucional e ilegal, e no caso<br />de sua eventual aprovação, faria com que o Município deixasse<br />de cumprir fielmente a legislação ambiental pátria, não se coadunando com a tão necessária evolução sócio-ambiental.
QUEM FICA COM OS GATOS…"VOCE OU EU?"ANÁLISE SOBRE A GUARDA E O DIREITO DE VISITA. QUESTÕES RELATIVAS AOS ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO APÓS O DIVÓRCIO OU A SEPARAÇÃO
Authors: EITHNE Mills , AKERS Kreith 
Published: January 2019

<p><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'PalatinoLinotype';"> O presente artigo trata da questão da guarda de animais domésticos nos processos de divórcio, por meio de dados estatísticos da Austrália, Canadá e Estados Unidos, ressaltando-­se a importância de conceder ao cônjuge que não tem a custódia do animal o direito de visita após a separação. Destaca-­se que a guarda significa o dever do responsável de prover diariamente abrigo, alimentação, exercício físico, controle da saúde, etc, do animal de estimação. Este não deve ser considerado como um bem particular, mas sim como membro da família e, inclusive, se durante qualquer litígio que envolver a separação, houver motivos razoáveis para pensar que o interesse do animal de estimação será contrariado, o mesmo deverá ser representado legalmente para garantir seus direitos, sendo considerado como detentor de uma personalidade jurídica qualificada. </span></p>
O MERCADO NEGRO DE ESPÉCIES SILVESTRES: A LUTA CONTRA O CRIME ORGANIZADO TRANSFORMANDO NO COMÉRCIO ILEGAL DE ANIMAIS SELVAGENS
Authors: ZIMMERMMAN Mara E. 
Published: January 2019

O comércio de espécies silvestres ameaçadas de extinção tem<br />sido uma preocupação da comunidade global desde os primórdios da<br />legislação ambiental internacional. A Convenção sobre o Comércio<br />Internacional de Espécies Ameaçadas da Fauna e da Flora Selvagens<br />(CITES) é um tratado ambiental internacional que procura solucionar<br />o problema por meio de regulamentação do comércio internacional<br />de determinadas espécies. No entanto, a eficácia do tratado tem sido<br />grandemente prejudicada pelo comércio ilegal da vida selvagem, o<br />qual tem atraído a atenção de organizações criminosas, cujas participações<br />no comércio ajudaram a tornar o mercado negro de espécies<br />silvestres a segunda maior do mundo. Fornecer mecanismos de<br />aplicação mais rigorosa para a CITES, assim como para prevenção<br />das atividades dos grupos de crime organizado no comércio ilegal de<br />espécimes silvestres, tornou-se um foco primário para o Secretariado<br />da CITES. Esse artigo considera alguns dos mecanismos internacionais<br />necessários para atingir essas metas, incluindo a promulgação de legislação que visem especificamente do crime ambiental, definições<br />mais claras dos requisitos de culpabilidade, a aplicação de sanções<br />mais severas para os infratores das leis ambientais e acordos de extradição<br />entre os Estados. Este artigo também afirma que a Convenção<br />da ONU Contra o Crime Organizado Transnacional é atualmente o<br />melhor mecanismo para a aplicação internacional da CITES.
Click Chemistry and Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Formed in Surface Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Chen Yuan , Fan Hao , Galoppini Elena 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe stepwise functionalization of surfaces with molecules or biomolecules is of increasing interest in the fields of electronics, sensing, catalysis, solar energy, and medicine. The bound molecules lend new properties and reactivity to surfaces of metals, carbon‐based materials, nanostructured metal oxides, and quantum dots. Click chemistry is, to date, the most successful and versatile method to immobilize molecules onto surfaces in a stepwise fashion. The click reactions require mild conditions, are highly (bio‐)orthogonal, regio‐ and stereo‐specific, use reagents that are compatible with many surfaces, do not produce by‐products that require separation procedures, and are concentration independent. Recent variations of click chemistry allow photopatterning with excellent control of the surface chemistry. This chapter examines the properties and scope of click reactions that lead to the formation of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles during the surface functionalization step. The focus is on nanostructured surfaces that were very difficult to functionalize prior to the development of click chemistry. The chapter ends with an outlook on areas that are still relatively underdeveloped: stronger contribution of theory for click at interfaces is needed, there are very few examples of reversible click methods, and the electronic properties of the nitrogen heterocycles that are formed during the click remain little explored.
N‐Oxides of Polyazoles and Polyazines
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe N‐oxide bond, which will be written as N→O, is formally coordinate covalent, with both electrons being provided by a covalently bonded nitrogen. A more realistic description is that the nitrogen lone pair is polarized toward the oxygen by the electric field of the latter. Our present focus is upon the N‐oxides of polyazoles and polyazines, particularly those having three or more linked (catenated) nitrogens. The N→O linkage is inductively electron withdrawing. In resonance delocalization, it is intrinsically a donor of electronic charge although this can be partially countered by electron‐donating substituents. A significant feature of the N→O linkage is that it can somewhat mitigate the destabilization associated with nitrogen catenation. This is discussed in terms of the molecular electrostatic potentials. N‐oxides of polyazoles and polyazines can be prepared by oxidizing the heterocyclic precursors; the sites can to some extent be predicted in terms of local ionization energies (or local polarizabilities), but other factors can also be involved. The current interest in N‐oxides as high explosives is briefly discussed.
Participatory Planning
Authors: Ducci Maria Elena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Participatory planning is a road open to regenerate and recover our cities and environments. Recognizing cities as living entities and acknowledging the importance of each of their parts – be it trees, buildings, water, businesses, or groups of people – for sustainability and resilience, participatory planning processes emerge as a unique tool to engage all stakeholders to collaborate in regeneration and in the definition of the future of their city. Through this process, the traditional antagonists of the urban scene can visualize how collaboration and agreements can generate a city more liveable and attractive, as much for businesses as for the people who experience and enjoy it every day. This approach allows us to discover the potentials of our city, our environment, and our people, and to think forward on how to develop and enhance the advantages of this living entity, reinvesting in the ecological systems that make every place unique.
Ecology and Cities
Authors: Vicens Jesús 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBoth the academic community and the general public accept that cities need to enter into dialogue with ecosystems services and natural resources in order to tackle the consequences of ecological crises and global warming. Sufficient tools are available to cities for them to transition into being sustainable societies. Urban planning, public transport, nonmotorized mobility, distributed generation with renewables, use of recycled water in local economies and in urban gardening – these are just some of the principal methods that many cities in the world use today. Without being anti economical, participatory processes, especially in low income cities with extreme poverty, and environmental justice around “common resources” and prosperity create diverse contexts for transforming cities. Degrowth of energy and materials is a necessary policy for securing a prosperous economy and a better quality of life. This involves living within the Earth's biocapacity, reducing our human footprint, and enabling social and cultural values to emerge.
Chemical Approaches to Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts
Authors: Liu Dong , Dai Liming , Lin Xuanni , Chen Jian‐Feng , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Zhu Xiang , Dai Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHighly active and durable catalysts play a key role in clean energy technologies. However, the high cost, low reserves, and poor stability of noble‐metal‐based catalysts have hindered the large‐scale development of renewable energy. Owing to their low cost, earth abundance, high activity, and excellent stability, carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts (CMFCs) are promising alternatives to precious‐metal‐based catalysts. Although many synthetic methods based on solution, surface/interface, solid state, and noncovalent chemistries have been developed for producing numerous CMFCs with diverse structures and functionalities, there is still a lack of effective approaches to precisely control the structures of active sites. Therefore, novel chemical approaches are needed for the development of highly active and durable CMFCs that are capable of replacing precious‐metal catalysts for large‐scale applications. Herein, a comprehensive and critical review on chemical approaches to CMFCs is given by summarizing important advancements, current challenges, and future perspectives in this emerging field. Through such a critical review, our understanding of CMFCs and the associated synthetic processes will be significantly increased.
Reversible Aggregation and Dispersion of Particles at a Liquid–Liquid Interface Using Space Charge Injection
Authors: Jia Yankai , Huang Renjing , Lan Yang , Ren Yukun , Jiang Hongyuan , Lee Daeyeon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractColloids at water–oil interfaces can form ordered monolayers when surface charge–induced repulsion overcomes capillary attraction. Such particle monolayers play an important role in the stabilization of emulsions and also can serve as an exquisite model system to study fundamental physical phenomena. However, it is challenging to dynamically control the relative magnitudes of repulsion and attraction between the particles, especially with reversibility, to induce reversible aggregation and dispersion because forces that are relevant tend to be much greater than those induced by thermal fluctuation. Here, the authors show that reversible assembly, that is reversible aggregation and dispersion, can be induced by space charge injection from corona discharge. The authors find that space charge injection modulates the strength of charge‐induced repulsion. By injecting charges, it is possible to either induce aggregation of repulsion‐dominated colloids or dispersion of aggregated particles. Interfacial electrophoretic experiments show that the alteration of the repulsion is caused by the variation of the particle surface charge that results from charge injection. The authors also demonstrate that even particles that initially form aggregated clusters due to low surface charge can be induced to organize into a hexagonally ordered structure. This method can be a powerful tool for studying phenomena involving interface‐trapped particles.
3D‐Printed Silicone Soft Architectures with Programmed Magneto‐Capillary Reconfiguration
Authors: Roh Sangchul , Okello Lilian B. , Golbasi Nuran , Hankwitz Jameson P. , Liu Jessica A.‐C. , Tracy Joseph B. , Velev Orlin D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoft intelligent structures that are programmed to reshape and reconfigure under magnetic field can find applications such as in soft robotics and biomedical devices. Here, a new class of smart elastomeric architectures that undergo complex reconfiguration and shape change in applied magnetic fields, while floating on the surface of water, is reported. These magnetoactive soft actuators are fabricated by 3D printing with homocomposite silicone capillary ink. The ultrasoft actuators easily deform by the magnetic force exerted on carbonyl iron particles embedded in the silicone, as well as lateral capillary forces. The tensile and compressive moduli of the actuators are easily determined by their topological design through 3D printing. As a result, their responses can be engineered by the interplay of the intensity of the magnetic field gradient and the programmable moduli. 3D printing allows us to fabricate soft architectures with different actuation modes, such as isotropic/anisotropic contraction and multiple shape changes, as well as functional reconfiguration. Meshes that reconfigure in magnetic fields and respond to external stimuli by reshaping could serve as active tissue scaffolds for cell cultures and soft robots mimicking creatures that live on the surface of water.
A High‐Performances Flexible Temperature Sensor Composed of Polyethyleneimine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer for Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Liu Qingxia , Tai Huiling , Yuan Zhen , Zhou Yujiu , Su Yuanjie , Jiang Yadong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe temperature sensors are urgently required for real‐time temperature monitoring in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and other areas. In this work, a skin‐attachable flexible temperature sensor composed of polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide bilayer is developed on polyimide substrate by a facile spray‐dipping process. The spectroscopy properties of sensing films are examined and analyzed in details and demonstrated the partial reduction of graphene oxide film. The prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.30% °C−1), linearity (R2 = 0.999), accuracy (0.1 °C), and durability (60 d) for temperature sensing between 25 and 45 °C, which can fully satisfy the requirements of real‐time and long‐term skin temperature monitoring. Additionally, the practical applications in monitoring human skin temperature, breathing rate, finer touch, blow, and water droplet are performed, revealing its great potential in e‐skin, disease diagnosis, healthcare, and other fields.
Holantarctic diversity varies widely among genetic loci within the gametophytically allotriploid peat moss Sphagnum × falcatulum
Authors: Karlin Eric F. , Smouse Peter E. 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyThe traditional approach used in analyses of population genetic data for historical inference is to average across multiple marker loci, but averaging conflates the different evolutionary signals provided by stable vs. labile markers.MethodsWe used a battery of microsatellites with a wide range of mutation/substitution rates, grouping them into two sets (stable and hypervariable) to provide a more nuanced reconstruction of the population genetics and evolutionary history of the allotriploid peat moss Sphagnum × falcatulum across three disjunct regions.Key ResultsShannon diversity translation analyses show that the relative apportionment of total within‐species allelic diversity (∆WS) within and among strata ranges widely, both between the two sets and within and among regions. The majority of diversity in the stable set was inherited directly from the ancestors of this genetically complex allopolyploid, but most of the diversity in the hypervariable set has developed post‐hybrid‐origin.ConclusionsIt is useful to group markers into sets having similar evolutionary lability, with each set being analyzed separately, particularly for allopolyploids. A methodology for determining how to group markers into such sets is presented, which can be applied to the requirements of other studies. Within‐individual allelic diversity (ΔWI) should be addressed in genetic studies on allopolyploids. Allotriploid haplotypes based on a set of nine highly stable microsatellites appear to serve as a clonal‐detection set for S. × falcatulum. An additive “allele‐metric” diversity approach is introduced, which facilitates a direct comparison of within‐ and among‐stratum diversity components at all levels of diversity.
Analytically Computable Symmetric Quantum Correlations
Authors: Zhang Li‐qiang , Yang Si‐ren , Yu Chang‐shui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges in developing the resource theory of a quantum feature is to establish an analytically computable quantifier, which directly limits the practicability of such quantifiers. Here, analytic quantifiers of both the symmetric quantum discord (SQD) and the symmetric measurement‐induced nonlocality (SMIN) in a bipartite system of qubits are studied on the basis of the quantum skew information. It is shown that the SMIN of any two‐qubit system and the SQD of bipartite “X”‐type states and block‐diagonal states can be analytically determined. In addition, the SQD and the SMIN are invariant with an attached quantum state. The validity of our analytical expressions is further illustrated numerically on the basis of several randomly generated density matrices.