bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Prevention of Risk and Disability in Some Neurological Diseases
Authors: Opara Józef 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The question of the role of physical activity in preventing disability in neurological diseases is the issue which is not in doubt. There is well known that physical activity in Parkinson`s disease and in Multiple Sclerosis patients is less than is the case in the general population.
Numerous scientific studies have confirmed the low physical activity of people with PD and MS. Improving physical activity delays the progress of physical disability and has the effect on increasing the quality of life in those two diseases.
In this paper an descriptive review of the literature devoted to the effect of physical activity on risk of PD and its impact on disability progression in PD and MS has been presented. The different recommendations for physical activity and different methods of assessment have been described.
Assessing the Quality of Aging - Presentation of Research Tool
Authors: Knapik Andrzej 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: The analysis of demographic tendencies indicates a continuing process of extending life expectancy in numerous societies. Alongside the decline in fertility, the continuing process of extending life expectancy is the primary cause for the aging of societies. An increasing percentage of the elderly require defining the welfare among older people and its factors.
Aim: This article presents various views on successful aging and introduces the authorial Successful Aging Index model, which was the basis for a questionnaire diagnosing the quality of aging. The author’s intention was to create a diagnostic tool for said process.
Conclusions: Presented tool according to the author can be very useful for diagnosing the course of successful aging. However, this requires additional empirical testing.
Reactive oxygen radicals – the therapeutic effectiveness of antioxidants
Authors: Skiba Marta , Pedrycz Agnieszka , Cichacz Beata 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Oxidative stress occurring in cells is a consequence of an excessive activity of reactive oxygen forms, resulting from an imbalance between the release of free oxygen radicals and their removal from the cell by antioxidant systems. 90% of reactive oxygen radicals emerge in mitochondrial respiratory chain during an incomplete four-electron oxygen reduction. The remaining 10% originate from different reactions occurring in the cell. The established compounds are characterised by a short half-life and are highly reactive. Sparse quantities of free oxygen radicals have a positive effect on cell functions. Oxidative stress leads to damage in cellular membranes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, as well as DNA. Therapy with antioxidants as exogenous dietary supplements aims at preventing or reducing the risk of development of diseases involving the presence of the oxygen radicals. Whether the antioxidant therapy will bring positive or negative effects depends on numerous factors that need to be considered before their inclusion in the applied treatment.
Childlessness – psychological consequences of decisions taken while experiencing infertility
Authors: Dembińska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the results of original research into psychological consequences for women choosing intentional childlessness as a way of coping with infertility. The study included 87 women who decided to remain childless. Tools used in the study were: the original Attitudes towards Own Infertility Scale; the HDS-M Scale (Zigmond, Snaith); the original Scale for Assessment of Hope as an Emotional State; the Satisfaction with Life Scale SWLS (Diener et al.); the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (SES). Significant correlations were found between variables included in the study were found. The analysis comparing psychological variables with sociodemographic variables showed that only the length of time since diagnosis is related to the level of hope. The analysis comparing childless women with those undergoing infertility treatment revealed statistically significant differences in the level of acceptance of one’s infertility (higher in childless women) and in the perception of social support and its types (women undergoing infertility treatment perceived a higher level of support) The cluster analysis indicated that there are three characteristics on which the effectiveness of coping with infertility depend. The conclusions of the study are extremely important in the process of preparing preventive psychology programs for women who make a conscious decision to remain childless.
What mental health promotion do university students need?
Authors: Sokołowska Ewa , Zabłocka-Żytka Lidia , Kluczyńska Sylwia , Wojda-Kornacka Joanna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Our aim was to find out what university students expect of mental health promotion. 610 young people were asked a few open questions. 81% of respondents expressed an interest in mental health promotion activities. They associated promotional activities with physical, social and/or emotional health care. Basically, these positive expectations are in agreement with the biopsychosocial model of mental health formulated by the WHO (2005). No interest in the idea of promotion (11%) is caused by the erroneous assumption that mental health promotion is targeted at people with mental disorders; therefore, a mentally healthy person does not benefit from participating in such a programme.
Gamification in education – practical solutions for educational courses
Authors: Skok Katarzyna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Gamification can be defined as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts. The aim of this article is to present practical solutions for a gamified educational course. The solutions are based on mechanisms used in online games and on the results of empirical research on motivation. The first part of the article analyzes theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The second part discusses the motivational aspects of one of the most popular games (World of Warcraft). The final part presents a detailed sample project for a gamified educational course. It proposes that – among classical solutions – a monetary schedule of reinforcement as well as a number of features based on the natural needs to cooperate and compete be included.
Towards a revision of the genus Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 subgenus Choilisanus Reitter, 1912 with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Otiorhynchini)
Authors: Białooki Piotr Z. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
New species of the subgenus Otiorhynchus (Choilisanus) are described: pectorosus sp. n., octangularis sp. n., impetrativus sp. n., megapterygius sp. n., analemmus sp. n., thermophilus sp. n., robustisetis sp. n., umbraticus sp. n., sculptiventris sp. n., plagigerulus sp. n., and imperspicabilis sp. n., all from Asia Minor.
The Associative Structure of the Mental Lexicon: Hierarchical Semantic Relations in the Minds of Blind and Sighted Language Users
Authors: Mikołajczak-Matyja Nawoja 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper concerns the role of hierarchical semantic relations: class inclusion and partwhole relations as factors organising the mental lexicon, and the dependence of their importance on visual perception and visual memories, as demonstrated by the results of a free association task. 58 blind and 58 sighted language users were instructed to give associations for a list of 75 Polish nouns. Semantic analysis showed that more than 40% of the whole corpus of answers was related to stimuli through the part-whole or class inclusion relations. The results of the analysis indicated many similarities, concerning both types of relations, in the feedback obtained from the blind and sighted respondents. However, the blind participants showed a significantly stronger tendency to respond with inclusive terms (hyperonyms of the stimuli) than the sighted respondents. Th e results were interpreted in terms of the specificity of the compensation processes.
The Effect of Powder Ball Milling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn-(Cu) Steel
Authors: Kulecki P. , Lichańska E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of ball milling powder mixtures of Höganäs pre-alloyed iron Astaloy CrM, low-carbon ferromanganese Elkem, elemental electrolytic Cu and C-UF graphite on the sintered structure and mechanical properties was evaluated. The mixing was conducted using Turbula mixer for 30 minutes and CDI-EM60 frequency inverter for 1 and 2 hours. Milling was performed on 150 g mixtures with (in weight %) CrM + 1% Mn, CrM + 2% Mn, CrM + 1% Mn + 1% Cu and CrM + 2% Mn + 1% Cu, all with 0.6%C. The green compacts were single pressed at 660 MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740. Sintering was carried out in a laboratory horizontal furnace Carbolite STF 15/450 at 1250°C for 60 minutes in 5%H2 – 95%N2 atmosphere with a heating rate of 75°C/min, followed by sintering hardening at 60°C/min cooling rate. All the steels were characterized by martensitic structures. Mechanical testing revealed that steels based on milled powders have slightly higher mechanical properties compared to those only mixed and sintered. The best combination of mechanical properties, for ball milled CrM + 1% Mn + 1% Cu was UTS 1046 MPa, TRS 1336 MPa and A 1.94%.
The Effects of Post-Sintering Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mn-Mo Steel
Authors: Fiał Ch. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of heat treatment on density, hardness, microstructure and tensile properties of Fe-0.85Mo-1.3Mn-0.6C sintered steel were investigated. Pre-alloyed Astaloy 85Mo, ferromanganese and UF4 graphite powders were mixed for 60 minutes in a Turbula mixer and then pressed in single-action die at 660MPa to produce green compacts (according to PN EN ISO 2740).The compacts were sintered in a specially designed semi-closed container at 1120 or 1250°C for 60 minutes in N2. The chemical composition of the sintering atmosphere was modified by adding getter and/or activator into the container. Two different types of heat treatment in nitrogen were carried out: sinteraustempering at 525°C for 60 minutes; and sinterhardening with additional tempering at 200°C for 60 minutes. The slightly better combination of strength and plasticity of steel for both sintering temperatures were achieved after sinterhardening+tempering variant. Average values of 0.2% offset yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and elongation after sintering in 1250°C, were 415MPa, 700MPa, and 2.0%, respectively.
Aristotelian Moral Psychology and the Situationist Challenge
Authors: Croom Adam M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For some time now moral psychologists and philosophers have ganged up on Aristotelians, arguing that results from psychological studies on the role of character-based and situation-based influences on human behavior have convincingly shown that situations rather than personal characteristics determine human behavior. In the literature on moral psychology and philosophy this challenge is commonly called the “situationist challenge,” and as Prinz (2009) has previously explained, it has largely been based on results from four salient studies in social psychology, including the studies conducted by Hartshorne and May (1928), Milgram (1963), Isen and Levin (1972), and Darley and Batson (1973). The situationist challenge maintains that each of these studies seriously challenges the plausibility of virtuous personal characteristics by challenging the plausibility of personal characteristics more generally. In this article I undermine the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology by carefully considering major problems with the conclusions that situationists have drawn from the empirical data, and by further challenging the accuracy of their characterization of the Aristotelian view. In fact I show that when properly understood the Aristotelian view is not only consistent with empirical data from developmental science but can also offer important insights for integrating moral psychology with its biological roots in our natural and social life.
Emotional Frankness and Friendship in Polish Culture
Authors: Szarota Piotr , Cantarero Katarzyna , Matsumoto David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
According to Wierzbicka (1999), one of the core values of Polish culture is sincerity and emotional frankness, in this study we tested this assumption analyzing display rules operating between friends. 100 respondents completed modified version of the Display Rule Assessment Inventory (Matsumoto, Yoo, Hirayama, & Petrova, 2005). Results show that Polish participants endorse more expression with close friends than with acquaintances and strangers. The obtained differences between those groups were quite large and similar to a pattern typical for collectivistic cultures. On the other hand, we reported high level of overall expressivity, typical of individualism. Such a high expressivity was found for all studied emotions, but pride, which is consistent with previous research on self-presentational modesty in Polish culture (e.g. Dabul, Wosińska, Cialdini, Mandal, & Dion, 1997).
Partner’s body odor vs. relatives’ body odor: a comparison of female associations
Authors: Sorokowska Agnieszka , Butovskaya Marina , Veselovskaya Elizaveta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
People positively appraise odors of individuals who are genetically different from themselves. Here we analyzed the relationship between perceived similarity of body odor to the judges’ relatives and their partners, and characteristics attributed to the odor donor. Seventy-six women were asked to smell one of the scents of twenty-nine men, and rate variables related to potential sexual interest in odor donor. We hypothesized that characteristics related to potential sexual interest would be associated with odor donors smelling similar to a partner, rather than with odor donors smelling similar to a relative. We found that perceived similarity to a partner’s scent was positively correlated with ratings of variables related to potential sexual interest in odor donor, whereas the resemblance to a close relative’s scent did not correlate with these assessments.
Temperament, stress, and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Maryniak Agnieszka , Hasiec Andrzej , Duda Bartosz , Orczykowski Michał , Szumowski Łukasz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the causative agent of attack is stress (AF associated with adrenergic activity). In others, AF usually begins during relax or sleep (AF associated with vagal nerve dominance). This study aimed to investigate the individual factors associated with the adrenergic or vagal type of AF. This study included 138 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Sixty-eight patients reported that AF was frequently triggered by stress (sympathetic-type AF) and 70 patients reported that AF usually began during relaxation or sleep (vagal-type AF). Gender, age, ejection fraction, and temperament were compared across the two groups. Temperament was evaluated using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The groups differed only in temperament. Patients with sympathetic-type AF had a higher score for emotional reactivity (p = 0.002) and perseverance (p = 0.002) temperament traits and a lower score for endurance (p = 0.003) than patients with vagal-type AF and than the average in population.
The Affective Self-regulation of Covert and Overt Reasoning in a Promotion vs. Prevention Mind-set
Authors: Kolańczyk Alina , Roczniewska Marta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The main hypothesis of studies presented in this article is that episodic implicit evaluations (affects) toward task-relevant objects determine thinking and decisions by actively placing them within or outside the scope of attention. In these studies we also aimed to test the impact of regulatory focus on implicit evaluations and goal pursuit. We applied the Promotion-Prevention Self-control Scale as a measure of mind-set during thinking in the Wason Selection Task (WST) in Study 1 and Island Decision Game (IDG) in Study 2. Directly after learning of the tasks, participants evaluated (in affective priming paradigm) objects that constituted the task’s content. The findings are in line with the hypothesis stating that goals influence the way in which objects are automatically evaluated. The effects of promotion mind-set were more pronounced in both studies. Promotion-focused individuals positively assessed objects that serve as a confirmation. The implicit evaluations by prevention-oriented individuals disclosed their falsifying approach to the WST. The positive implicit evaluation of correct objects suggests their sensitivity to information useful for falsification and is consistent with their tendency to cautiously self-control thinking.
Many faces of optimism. Proposal of five profiles of optimistic attitudes in research on Polish sample.
Authors: Czerw Agnieszka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Optimism is one human characteristic which for many years has been of central interest to psychology. This variable is usually treated as a one-dimensional human trait. This text presents a different view of optimism. It includes a discussion of a multidimensional questionnaire for the measurement of optimism: the Optimistic Attitude Questionnaire (OAQ). The OAQ measures four dimensions of optimism: achievement orientation, incaution, positive thinking, and openness. The results of a k-means clustering procedure that was conducted on a group of 766 adults are presented as well. The results of the analysis reveal five different profiles: global optimists, pessimists, cautious optimists, moderate optimists, and risk-takers. The obtained profiles are significantly different from each other - for example, with respect to the age of the participants and their evaluations of life satisfaction.
Ischemic Stroke Due to Middle Cerebral Artery M1 Segment Occlusion: Latvian Stroke Register Data / Išēmisks Insults Sakarā ar Arteria Cerebri Media M1 Segmenta Oklūziju: Insulta Reģistra Dati
Authors: Valante Ramona , Blimhena Inese , Miglāne Evija , Millers Andrejs , Balodis Artūrs , Pūcīte Elīna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. A retrospective single centre analysis of ischemic stroke was conducted using data from the Latvian Stroke Register in the period from January 2013 till December 2014. The study included 478 patients who had confirmed MCA occlusion using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Half of the patients were males - 237 (49.6%), average age 69.51, average age of females was 74.58 years. Cardioembolic stroke was the most common cause of MCA M1 segment occlusion in 294 (61.5%) cases. Small cerebral artery occlusion was not a cause of M1 MCA occlusion. The reperfusion therapy group consisted of 209 patients and the conservative therapy group of 269 patients. Both groups presented similar neurological status when they were admitted to hospital. However, the reperfusion therapy group had better neurological status (NIHSS 6.82) than in the conservative therapy group (NIHSS 8.2) at the time period when patients were discharged from hospital (p < 0.05). There were more cases of good functional outcome (39.2%) and less of poor (34.5%) in the reperfusion group, as well as less mortality - 7.6%. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common site of stroke and the most common cause of its occlusion is cardioembolism. There is high incidence of recurrence of stroke due to M1 MCA occlusion. Both groups presented a similar neurological status on admission, but more improvement was seen in the reperfusion therapy group after discharge of patients from hospital. The functional outcome was also better in the reperfusion therapy group.
The role of cartilage and bone allografts in nasal reconstruction
Authors: Grosu-Bularda Andreea , Manea Claudiu , Lazarescu Luana , Lascar Ioan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Nasal reconstruction is challenging, considering surgical techniques complexity and difficulties in remodelling a tridimensional structure. Reconstructive requirements are: correct deformity evaluation, selecting the most suitable treatment option, respecting the principle of aesthetic subunit, appropriate reconstruction of each affected nasal layer, long-term stabile functional and aesthetic results. Reconstructive procedures range from simple to very complex. Conventional techniques can fail in restoring a satisfactory appearance in severely disfigured patients, for whom a new possibility arises: Vascularized Composite Allografts (VCA) transplantation.
In this paper, we focus on nasal skeletal framework restoration. Structural defects may require a large amount of reconstructive material obtained usually from cartilage or bone autografts. Autologous cartilage is the gold standard in nasal architectural recovery, but in some cases, autologous graft sources are not available, imposing the necessity to use alternative solutions represented by the allografts or alloplastic materials. We analysed the specific features of skeletal allografts used in nasal reconstruction.
With current clinical experience, the use of cartilage and bone allografts (especially irradiated cartilage homografts) shows a promising reconstructive option for nasal structural defects. For extensive facial defects, including midface deformities, impossible to restore with traditional surgical techniques, a new reconstructive era was open through the development of the VCA field.
Integration of Educational and Research Constituents of the Process of Specialists’ Professional Training in the Universities of Developed Countries
Authors: Sbruieva Alina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the article the characteristic of strategies of the integration of educational and research constituents of the process of specialists’ professional training in the universities of developed countries has been given. The relevance of the problem in the context of requirements to the graduate represented in the European qualifications framework (EQF) and formulated in the Dublin Descriptor of the EQF has been proved. The conclusion has been made about the strategies of integration of educational and research activities of the university as a multilevel and multidimensional system of interconnected, interdependent, and interrelated components. The study proves that the systemic character of research-oriented strategies is achieved by an interrelation of activities at all levels of implementation, and the inclusion of these strategies into the others, directed at increasing efficiency of educational process (development of E-learning, flexible curriculum, formation of a single university educationalresearch community, development of the university campus as a broad educational environment, etc.). The strategies of solving research problem in the context of defining the mission of the higher education institution and its full realization; development of curricular and methodological foundations of research-oriented learning; development of research activity strategies aimed at integration of educational and research constituents of the process of specialists’ training; professional staff development aimed at formation of readiness to research-oriented learning, and modernization of organizational structures of the university able to realize the mission of the university have been characterized.