bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustenance of Inclusion Complexes of Ionic Liquid with Cyclic Oligosaccharide Molecules in Liquid and Solid Phases by Diverse Approaches
Authors: Barman Biraj K , Dutta Ashutosh , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe water soluble inclusion complexes of pyridinium based hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) were prepared and characterised successfully. The inclusion complexes of sparingly soluble IL prepared with α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin in the mixed solvent medium and in solid state were studied by different physicochemical methodologies. Comparison of the chemical shift of the pure CDs, guest and complexes formed in 1‐H NMR spectra, appearance of the cross peaks in 2D‐ROESY spectra and shift in the band positions in FT‐IR spectra confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes. Surface tension and conductance studies in the mixed solvent system indicated the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of inclusion complex. Job's plot obtained from UV‐Vis study and the spectra obtained from mass spectrometric study supported the formation as well as the stoichiometry of inclusion complexes. The high binding constant values and calculated values of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy, enthalpy and entropy supported the high stability and feasibility of formation of the inclusion complex.
Metal‐Organic Framework Nanocrystals
Authors: Barros Bráulio Silva , de Lima Neto Otávio José , de Oliveira Frós Allana Christina , Kulesza Joanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) comprise a broad class of crystalline materials defined as porous networks consisting of metal ions or clusters interconnected through polytopic organic linkers. Due to their intriguing structural and topological characteristics which usually offer high surface areas and tunable pore size, MOFs are excellent candidates for a great variety of applications, such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, magnetism, photoluminescence and many others. Although attractive, traditional bulk crystalline MOF materials do not always fulfill the specific needs for some applications, such as smart membranes, thin films devices, and drug delivery. Moreover, nanocrystals display properties that differ from the bulk material due to the high surface‐to‐volume ratio and quantum size effects. Thus, MOF nanocrystals will possibly present new and exciting properties or at least enhance the already known ones. With this view, it is necessary to develop efficient strategies towards the synthesis of MOF nanocrystals. This review provides general concepts of MOF nanocrystals and a critical summary of synthetic approaches with the focus on recent progress in the fabrication of MOF nanocrystals.
What is peripersonal space? An examination of unresolved empirical issues and emerging findings
Authors: Hunley Samuel B. , Lourenco Stella F. 
Published: July 2018

Findings from diverse fields of study, including neuroscience, psychology, zoology, and sociology, demonstrate that human and non‐human primates maintain a representation of the space immediately surrounding the body, known as peripersonal space (PPS). However, progress in this field has been hampered by the lack of an agreed upon definition of PPS. Since the beginning of its formal study, scientists have argued that PPS plays a crucial role in both defensive and non‐defensive actions. Yet consensus is lacking about the cognitive and neural instantiation of these functions. In particular, researchers have begun to ask whether a single, unified system of spatial‐attentional resources supports both the defensive and non‐defensive functions of PPS or, rather, whether there are multiple, independent systems. Moreover, there are open questions about the specificity of PPS. For example: Does PPS dissociate from other well‐known phenomena such as personal space and the body schema? Finally, emerging research has brought attention to important questions about individual differences in the flexibility of PPS and the distribution of PPS in front compared to behind the body. In this advanced review, we shed light on questions about the nature of PPS, offering answers when the research permits or providing recommendations for achieving answers in future research. In so doing, we lay the groundwork for a comprehensive definition of PPS.This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Neuroscience > Plasticity
The influence of the spatial distribution of leads and ice floes on the atmospheric boundary layer over fragmented sea ice
Authors: Wenta Marta , Herman Agnieszka 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe response of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to subgrid-scale variations of sea ice properties and fracturing is poorly understood and not taken into account in mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model parametrizations. In this paper we analyze three-dimensional air circulation within the ABL over fragmented sea ice. A series of idealized high-resolution simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is performed for several spatial distributions of ice floes and leads for two values of sea ice concentration (0.5 and 0.9) and several ambient wind speed profiles. The results show that the convective circulation within the ABL is sensitive to the subgrid-scale spatial distribution of sea ice. Considerable variability of several domain-averaged quantities – cloud liquid water content, surface turbulent heat flux (THF) – is found for different arrangements of floes. Moreover, the organized structure of air circulation leads to spatial covariance of variables characterizing the ABL. Based on the example of THF, it is demonstrated that this covariance may lead to substantial errors when THF values are estimated from area-averaged quantities, as it is done in mesoscale NWP models. This suggests the need for developing suitable parametrizations of ABL effects related to subgrid-scale sea ice features for these models.
A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine,l-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D
Authors: Belsky Justin B. , Wira Charles R. , Jacob Vinitha , Sather John E. , Lee Patty J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSepsis is defined as the dysregulated host response to an infection resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. The metabolic demand from inefficiencies in anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction, increased cellular turnover, and free-radical damage result in the increased focus of micronutrients in sepsis as they play a pivotal role in these processes. In the present review, we will evaluate the potential role of micronutrients in sepsis, specifically, thiamine,l-carnitine, vitamin C, Se and vitamin D. Each micronutrient will be reviewed in a similar fashion, discussing its major role in normal physiology, suspected role in sepsis, use as a biomarker, discussion of the major basic science and human studies, and conclusion statement. Based on the current available data, we conclude that thiamine may be considered in all septic patients at risk for thiamine deficiency andl-carnitine and vitamin C to those in septic shock. Clinical trials are currently underway which may provide greater insight into the role of micronutrients in sepsis and validate standard utilisation.
Verstehen kontroverser wissenschaftlicher Themen
Authors: Richter Tobias , Maier Johanna 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Wenn Rezipient_innen sich z. B. im Internet zu einem öffentlich diskutierten wissenschaftlichen Thema informieren, lesen sie meist mehrere Texte, die widersprüchliche empirische Evidenz oder konkurrierende Annahmen enthalten können. Zugleich verfügen sie in der Regel über inhaltliche (Vor–)‌Überzeugungen, die die Verarbeitung der gelesenen Informationen beeinflussen können. Diese Bedingungen können (1) zu verzerrten Bewertungen wissenschaftlicher Argumente führen, erschweren (2) den Aufbau einer ausgewogenen und angemessenen Repräsentation wissenschaftlicher Sachverhalte und begünstigen (3) die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung fehlerhafter und einseitiger Vorstellungen. In unserem Beitrag illustrieren wir diese Probleme mit empirischen Beispielen und beschreiben die selektive Aktivierung von Gedächtnisinhalten und die automatische Validierung von Textinhalten als kognitive Mechanismen, die allen drei Problemen zugrunde liegen. Abschließend diskutieren wir, wie Trainings und eine entsprechende Gestaltung der Wissenschaftskommunikation Rezipient_innen dabei unterstützen können, ein adäquates und ausgewogenes Verständnis wissenschaftlicher Informationen zu erzielen.
Reactive astrocytic S1P3 signaling modulates the blood–tumor barrier in brain metastases
Authors: Gril Brunilde , Paranjape Anurag N. , Woditschka Stephan , Hua Emily , Dolan Emma L. , Hanson Jeffrey , Wu Xiaolin , Kloc Wojciech , Izycka-Swieszewska Ewa , Duchnowska Renata , Pęksa Rafał , Biernat Wojciech , Jassem Jacek , Nayyar Naema , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Hall O. Morgan , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Pauly Gary T. , Robinson Christina , Difilippantonio Simone , Bialecki Emilie , Metellus Philippe , Schneider Joel P. , Steeg Patricia S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain metastases are devastating complications of cancer. The blood–brain barrier (BBB), which protects the normal brain, morphs into an inadequately characterized blood–tumor barrier (BTB) when brain metastases form, and is surrounded by a neuroinflammatory response. These structures contribute to poor therapeutic efficacy by limiting drug uptake. Here, we report that experimental breast cancer brain metastases of low- and high permeability to a dextran dye exhibit distinct microenvironmental gene expression patterns. Astrocytic sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3) is upregulated in the neuroinflammatory response of the highly permeable lesions, and is expressed in patients’ brain metastases. S1P3 inhibition functionally tightens the BTB in vitro and in vivo. S1P3 mediates its effects on BTB permeability through astrocytic secretion of IL-6 and CCL2, which relaxes endothelial cell adhesion. Tumor cell overexpression of S1P3 mimics this pathway, enhancing IL-6 and CCL-2 production and elevating BTB permeability. In conclusion, neuroinflammatory astrocytic S1P3 modulates BTB permeability.
UTX is an escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor in B cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Xiaoxi , Zhang Yanli , Zheng Liting , Liu Mingxian , Chen Charlie Degui , Jiang Hai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo explain the excess cancer rate in males, several candidates for “escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor” (EXITS) were recently identified. In this report we provide direct experimental evidence supporting UTX’s role as an EXITS gene. Using a mouse lymphoma model, we show clear dosage effect of UTX copy number during tumorigenesis, which strongly supports the EXITS theory. Importantly, UTX deletion not only accelerates lymphomagenesis, it also strongly promotes tumor progression. UTX-knockout tumors are more aggressive, showing enhanced brain dissemination and formation of blood vessels. Efnb1 is overexpressed in UTX KO tumors and can lead to such phenotypes. In human patients, lymphomas with low UTX expression also express high levels of Efnb1, and cause significantly poor survival. Lastly, we show that UTX deficiency renders lymphoma sensitive to cytarabine treatment. Taken together, these data highlight UTX loss’s profound impacts on tumor initiation and drug response.
ATP synthase F1 subunits recruited to centromeres by CENP-A are required for male meiosis
Authors: Collins Caitríona M. , Malacrida Beatrice , Burke Colin , Kiely Patrick A. , Dunleavy Elaine M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe histone H3 variant CENP-A epigenetically defines the centromere and is critical for chromosome segregation. Here we report an interaction between CENP-A and subunits of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex in the germline of male Drosophila. Furthermore, we report that knockdown of CENP-A, as well as subunits ATPsyn-α, -βlike (a testis-specific paralogue of ATPsyn-β) and -γ disrupts sister centromere cohesion in meiotic prophase I. We find that this disruption is likely independent of reduced ATP levels. We identify that ATPsyn-α and -βlike localise to meiotic centromeres and that this localisation is dependent on the presence of CENP-A. We show that ATPsyn-α directly interacts with the N-terminus of CENP-A in vitro and that truncation of its N terminus perturbs sister centromere cohesion in prophase I. We propose that the CENP-A N-terminus recruits ATPsyn-α and -βlike to centromeres to promote sister centromere cohesion in a nuclear function that is independent of oxidative phosphorylation.
Controlled gene and drug release from a liposomal delivery platform triggered by X-ray radiation
Authors: Deng Wei , Chen Wenjie , Clement Sandhya , Guller Anna , Zhao Zhenjun , Engel Alexander , Goldys Ewa M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiposomes have been well established as an effective drug delivery system, due to simplicity of their preparation and unique characteristics. However conventional liposomes are unsuitable for the on-demand content release, which limits their therapeutic utility. Here we report X-ray-triggerable liposomes incorporating gold nanoparticles and photosensitizer verteporfin. The 6 MeV X-ray radiation induces verteporfin to produce singlet oxygen, which destabilises the liposomal membrane and causes the release of cargos from the liposomal cavity. This triggering strategy is demonstrated by the efficiency of gene silencing in vitro and increased effectiveness of chemotherapy in vivo. Our work indicates the feasibility of a combinatorial treatment and possible synergistic effects in the course of standard radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy delivered via X-ray-triggered liposomes. Importantly, our X-ray-mediated liposome release strategy offers prospects for deep tissue photodynamic therapy, by removing its depth limitation.
Modulation of anti-tumor immunity by the brain’s reward system
Authors: Ben-Shaanan Tamar L , Schiller Maya , Azulay-Debby Hilla , Korin Ben , Boshnak Nadia , Koren Tamar , Krot Maria , Shakya Jivan , Rahat Michal A. , Hakim Fahed , Rolls Asya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRegulating immunity is a leading target for cancer therapy. Here, we show that the anti-tumor immune response can be modulated by the brain’s reward system, a key circuitry in emotional processes. Activation of the reward system in tumor-bearing mice (Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16 melanoma) using chemogenetics (DREADDs), resulted in reduced tumor weight. This effect was mediated via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), manifested by an attenuated noradrenergic input to a major immunological site, the bone marrow. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which develop in the bone marrow, became less immunosuppressive following reward system activation. By depleting or adoptively transferring the MDSCs, we demonstrated that these cells are both necessary and sufficient to mediate reward system effects on tumor growth. Given the central role of the reward system in positive emotions, these findings introduce a physiological mechanism whereby the patient’s psychological state can impact anti-tumor immunity and cancer progression.
Elucidating therapeutic molecular targets in premenopausal Asian women with recurrent breast cancers
Authors: Yap Yoon-Sim , Singh Angad P. , Lim John H. C. , Ahn Jin-Hee , Jung Kyung-Hae , Kim Jeongeun , Dent Rebecca A. , Ng Raymond C. H. , Kim Sung-Bae , Chiang Derek Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is an increasing problem in Asia, with a higher proportion of premenopausal patients who are at higher risk of recurrence. Targeted sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from primary tumor specimens of 63 premenopausal Asian patients who relapsed after initial diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer. The most prevalent alterations included: TP53 (65%); PIK3CA (32%); GATA3 (29%); ERBB2 (27%); MYC (25%); KMT2C (21%); MCL1 (17%); PRKDC, TPR, BRIP1 (14%); MDM4, PCDH15, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B (13%); CCND1, KMT2D, STK11, and MLH1 (11%). Sixty of the 63 patients (95%) had at least one genetic alteration in a signaling pathway related to cell cycle or p53 signaling. The presence of MCL1 amplification, HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network pathway alterations, and direct p53 effectors pathway alterations were independent predictors of inferior overall survival from initial diagnosis. Comparison with non-Asian premenopausal tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a higher prevalence of TP53 mutations among HER2-positive cancers, and more frequent TP53, TET2, and CDK12 mutations among hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative cancers in our cohort. Given the limited number of non-Asian premenopausal breast cancers that had relapsed in TCGA, we compared the frequency of mutations in our cohort with 43 premenopausal specimens from both TCGA and International Cancer Genome Consortium that had relapsed. There was a trend toward higher prevalence of TP53 mutations in our cohort. Certain genomic aberrations may be enriched in tumors of poor-prognosis premenopausal Asian breast cancers. The development of novel therapies targeting these aberrations merit further research.
Impacts of glass composition, pH, and temperature on glass forward dissolution rate
Authors: Vienna John D. , Neeway James J. , Ryan Joseph V. , Kerisit Sebastien N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNuclear waste glasses dissolve at the forward dissolution rate (rf) in very dilute aqueous solutions, which can isolate the impact of the glass composition from solution feedback and alteration product effects. While it has long been known that pH and temperature (T) strongly impact rf, the impacts of glass composition have remained uncertain. In this work, rf data from 19 nuclear waste glasses were used with the aim of identifying the effect of glass composition on rf. The rf values were modeled as: rf = k010–ηpHexp(−Ea/RT), with k0, η, Ea, and R, respectively, being the intrinsic rate constant, pH coefficient, apparent activation energy, and gas constant. However, no predictive correlation could be established between the individual model parameters (log[k0], η, and Ea) and glass composition for the glasses considered in this study, an outcome that was attributed to the strong positive correlation between the log[k0] and Ea parameters. Therefore, a model was fitted directly to the combined rf from all 19 glasses. This approach showed that 90% of the variation in rf data could be accounted for solely by T and pH effects. Therefore, any composition effects must be relatively small. After normalizing for differences in pH and T, the only notable differences in rf between the glasses were found to correlate with variations in the fraction of glass forming tetrahedra contributed by tetrahedral boron, f([4]B), with an abrupt threshold at a high value of f([4]B) (~0.22), where higher rf are predicted with no discernable composition effects below the threshold.
Socio-demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Determinants of Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Pierzynski Jeanne A. , Ye Yuanqing , Lippman Scott M. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Wu Xifeng , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPatient reported health-related quality of life (QOL) is a major component of the overall well-being of cancer patients, with links to prognosis. In 6,420 lung cancer patients, we identified patient characteristics and genetic determinants of QOL. Patient responses from the SF-12 questionnaire was used to calculate normalized Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Further, we analyzed 218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, a key mediator of response to cellular and environmental stress, as genetic determinants of QOL in a subset of the study population (N = 641). Trends among demographic factors for mean PCS and MCS included smoking status (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001) and education (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001). Similar relationships were seen for MCS. The homozygous rare genotype of MEF2B: rs2040562 showed an increased risk of a poor MCS (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.05–8.92, P = 0.041). Finally, survival analysis showed that a low PCS or a MCS was associated with increased risks of five-year mortality (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.51–1.77, HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16–1.32, respectively) and there was a significant reduction in median survival time (Plog-rank < 0.001). These findings suggest that multiple factors contribute to QOL in lung cancer patients, and baseline QOL can impact survival.
Relationships of Age and Sex with Cytokine Content and Distribution in Human Platelet Fibrin Gels
Authors: Bai Meng-Yi , Chuang Meng-Han , Lin Ming-Fang , Tang Sung-Ling , Wong Chin-Chean , Chan Wing P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe aimed to determine relationships between age and sex with cytokine content and distribution in human platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) gel. Rabbit PRF was harvested from whole blood (n = 6). Human PRF was collected from 36 healthy volunteers (1:1 men:women) without systemic diseases and not current undergoing medical treatment. Histological analysis and optical microscopy were used to assess the three-dimensional structure of the PRF network. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantification of adenosine triphosphate, and bioluminescence imaging of PRF sections were used to assess cytokine and entrapped platelet distribution. Three-dimensional structures of fibrin networks revealed concentration gradients of the platelet-derived growth factor beta beta homodimer and the transforming growth factor-beta 1. Histological analysis of PRF sections (from the red blood cell end to the plasma end of a clot) showed a gradual increase in average porosity, most prominently in PRF clots from young and middle-aged men and women, and a decrease in compactness along the longitudinal axis of the PRF gel. The end of the PRF gel closest to the red blood cell layer is the essence of the PRF clot, and the ability to generate platelets depends on sex and age in humans.
Distinct effects of social motivation on face evaluations in adolescents with and without autism
Authors: Safra Lou , Ioannou Christina , Amsellem Frédérique , Delorme Richard , Chevallier Coralie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIndividual differences in social motivation have an influence on many behaviours in both clinical and non-clinical populations. As such, social motivation has been identified as a biological trait that is particularly well-suited for dimensional approaches cutting across neuropsychological conditions. In the present paper, we tested whether social motivation had a similar impact in the general population and in a neuropsychological condition characterized by diminished social motivation: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). More precisely, we evaluated the effect of social motivation on face evaluations in 20 adolescents with ASD and 20 matched controls using avatars parametrically varying in dominance and trustworthiness. In line with previous research, we found in the control group that participants with higher levels of social motivation relied more on perceived trustworthiness when producing likeability judgments. However, this pattern was not found in the ASD group. Social motivation thus appears to have a different effect in ASD and control populations, which raises questions about the relevance of subclinical or non-clinical populations to understand ASD.