bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN-stimulated P2Y13 protects mice from viral infection by suppressing the cAMP/EPAC1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Chengfei , Yan Yan , He Hongwang , Wang Li , Zhang Na , Zhang Jie , Huang Hongjun , Wu Nannan , Ren Hua , Qian Min , Liu Mingyao , Du Bing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Among the most important sensors of extracellular danger signals, purinergic receptors have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in host defense against infection. However, the function of P2 receptors in viral infection has been little explored. Here we demonstrated that P2Y13 and its ligand ADP play an important role in protecting hosts from viral infections. First, we demonstrate that P2Y13, as a typical interferon-stimulated gene, is induced together with extracellular ADP during viral infection. Most importantly, extracellular ADP restricts the replication of different kinds of viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, herpes simplex virus 1, and murine leukemia virus. This kind of protection is dependent on P2Y13 but not P2Y1 or P2Y12, which are also considered as receptors for ADP. Furthermore, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and EPAC1 are downregulated by extracellular ADP through the P2Y13-coupled Gi alpha subunit. Accordingly, inhibition or deletion of EPAC1 significantly eliminates ADP/P2Y13-mediated antiviral activities. Taken together, our results show that P2Y13 and ADP play pivotal roles in the clearance of invaded virus and have the potential as antiviral targets.
Patient Blood Management Program Improves Blood Use and Clinical Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Gupta Pranjal B. , DeMario Vince M. , Amin Raj M. , Gehrie Eric A. , Goel Ruchika , Lee K. H. Ken , Yang William W. , Khanuja Harpal S. , Sterling Robert S. , Ness Paul M. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Although randomized trials show that patients do well when given less blood, there remains a persistent impression that orthopedic surgery patients require a higher hemoglobin transfusion threshold than other patient populations (8 g/dl vs. 7 g/dl). The authors tested the hypothesis in orthopedic patients that implementation of a patient blood management program encouraging a hemoglobin threshold less than 7 g/dl results in decreased blood use with no change in clinical outcomes.

Methods
After launching a multifaceted patient blood management program, the authors retrospectively evaluated all adult orthopedic patients, comparing transfusion practices and clinical outcomes in the pre- and post-blood management cohorts. Risk adjustment accounted for age, sex, surgical procedure, and case mix index.

Results
After patient blood management implementation, the mean hemoglobin threshold decreased from 7.8 ± 1.0 g/dl to 6.8 ± 1.0 g/dl (P < 0.0001). Erythrocyte use decreased by 32.5% (from 338 to 228 erythrocyte units per 1,000 patients; P = 0.0007). Clinical outcomes improved, with decreased morbidity (from 1.3% to 0.54%; P = 0.01), composite morbidity or mortality (from 1.5% to 0.75%; P = 0.035), and 30-day readmissions (from 9.0% to 5.8%; P = 0.0002). Improved outcomes were primarily recognized in patients 65 yr of age and older. After risk adjustment, patient blood management was independently associated with decreased composite morbidity or mortality (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.86; P = 0.016).

Conclusions
In a retrospective study, patient blood management was associated with reduced blood use with similar or improved clinical outcomes in orthopedic surgery. A hemoglobin threshold of 7 g/dl appears to be safe for many orthopedic patients.
Mini Right Anterior Thoracotomy Approach versus Sternotomy for Resection of Intracardiac Myxoma
Authors: Ellouze Mariam , Pellerin Michel , Jeanmart Hugues , Lebon Jean-Sébastien , Bouchard Denis 
Published: August 2018

Objective The standard approach in treating cardiac myxoma is the median full sternotomy. After recent advances in surgical techniques, the mini right anterior thoracotomy has emerged as an alternative method. Methods We performed a retrospective study to compare the clinical outcomes of the mini right anterior thoracotomy approach with those of the sternotomy approach for resection of cardiac myxoma at the Montreal Heart Institute. There were 20 patients treated using a mini right anterior thoracotomy (4–5 cm) and 23 patients were treated using a median sternotomy. Results No early mortalities were found in either group. Although the cardiopulmonary bypass time and aorta cross-clamp time were not significantly different between the two groups (64.3 mn ± 18 and 37.2 mn ± 15 vs 54.3 mn ± 25 and 37.20 mn ± 2), preoperative blood loss (106 mn ± 95 vs 338 mn ± 270) was significantly less in the mini right anterior thoracotomy group. The intensive care unit and hospital stay (1.65 days ± 1.2 and 5.70 days ± 3) were shorter with the mini right anterior thoracotomy approach. Conclusions A minimally invasive surgery through mini right anterior thoracotomy is a good alternative technique for treating cardiac myxoma. Despite the small size of the experience, there is a clear diminution in preoperative blood loss and an interesting trend toward a shorter intensive care unit and hospital stay.
Morphology and Navigational Landmarks of the Cranio-orbital Foramen in a Portuguese Population
Authors: Simão-Parreira Beatriz , Cunha-Cabral Diogo , Alves Hélio , Silva Susana Maria , Andrade José Paulo 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
The cranio-orbital and accessory foramina are located in the lateral wall of the orbit and adjacent to the superior orbital fissure. In the literature, there is a lack of consistency concerning the location and morphology of these foramina in different populations. Therefore, considering its clinical importance during orbital surgeries, it was the authors’ aim to determine the incidence, location, and number of cranio-orbital and accessory foramina in a Portuguese population and compare the findings with data from other studies.

Methods:
A total of 310 orbits from 155 dry skulls from the collection of the Museum of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of Porto were studied. The characterization of both cranio-orbital and accessory cranio-orbital foramina was performed.

Results:
The cranio-orbital foramen was present in at least 1 orbit per skull in 58.17% with a median diameter of 0.60 ± 0.33 mm. No relation was found between the presence of this foramen and the gender of the individuals or a tendency for laterality. However, it was found that the presence of 1 or more accessory foramina was related to higher diameters of the cranio-orbital foramen.

Conclusions:
There might be a relationship between the localization, diameter, and communication of foramina with the cranial fossae. Foramina located on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone presented a larger diameter and communicated with the middle cranial fossa. High diameters of the main vessel in the cranio-orbital foramen may imply more developed branches and collateral irrigation of the orbital structures using 1 or more accessory foramina. Surgeons should be aware of the location of the cranio-orbital foramen to reduce potential sources of hemorrhage during orbital dissections.
Distinguishing IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease From Graves Orbitopathy
Authors: Tooley Andrea A. , Salomao Diva R. , Bradley Elizabeth A. , Garrity James A. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
The authors aimed to determine key features of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and Graves orbitopathy (GO) to aid in diagnosis.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively identified ophthalmology patients seen between June 2009 and November 2013 with clinical overlap of GO and IgG4-ROD. Patient findings were reviewed to characterize the 2 conditions.

Results:
Among 8 patients (7 male and 1 female), the mean age was 45.8 years. Time between diagnoses of GO and IgG4-ROD ranged from 1 month to 8 years. Imaging showed enlarged extraocular muscles in all patients. Enlarged infraorbital nerves were seen in 4 patients. Tissue biopsy showed CD20+ lymphocytes with a large proportion of IgG4 plasma cells in 7 of 8 orbital specimens. Six patients had a ratio of IgG4:IgG cells >40%.

Discussion:
No pathognomonic clinical findings for GO or IgG4-ROD have been reported, but some key features can help distinguish the conditions. GO is likely if findings include increased thyrotropin receptor antibodies, lid retraction/lid lag, and enlarged extraocular muscles with typical tendon-sparing morphology. Findings suggestive of IgG4-ROD include history of asthma and progressive orbital disease in patients with previous diagnosis of GO, disproportionately large lateral rectus muscle, and enlarged infraorbital nerves. Increased serum IgG4 level and biopsy showing >10 IgG4+ plasma cells/high-power field and IgG4:IgG ratio >40% will support the diagnosis of IgG4-ROD.

Conclusions:
GO and IgG4-ROD are complicated inflammatory processes affecting the orbit and present diagnostic challenges. The authors recommend biopsy for patients who do not follow the usual clinical course of GO or have clinical characteristics of IgG4-ROD.
Prevalence of a Histologic Change of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma in Patients With a History of Lymphoma
Authors: Sagiv Oded , Thakar Sudip D. , Manning John T. , Kandl Thomas J. , Fayad Luis E. , Fowler Nathan , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Fanale Michelle A. , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Samaniego Felipe , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
The authors examined the prevalence of a histologic change of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) grade in patients with a history of lymphoma in nonocular sites.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the clinical and pathological data of 209 patients with OAL treated by the senior author during 2000 to 2017.

Results:
Of 209 patients with OAL, 65 (31%) had a history of lymphoma. In 54 of the 65 patients (83%), the original lymphoma and OAL were of the same histologic type. In 8 of the 65 patients (12.3%), the OAL was more indolent than the original lymphoma: 6 patients with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one of mantle cell lymphoma, and one of grade 3 follicular lymphoma had biopsy-proven extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma in the orbital area. Two additional patients (3%) with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed OAL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in one patient and extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma in the other. One patient (1.5%) with a history of a low-grade follicular lymphoma relapsed as a different low-grade histology of extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma. Lower-grade OAL than the original lymphoma was more common than higher-grade OAL than the original lymphoma (p = 0.048).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of 209 patients with OAL, the authors found that nearly one third had a history of lymphoma, 17% of whom had a different histologic type of lymphoma in the orbit, more commonly a more indolent type. This underscores the importance of biopsy of OAL even in patients with a known history of lymphoma to determine the histologic subtype of orbital lymphoma and to help guide appropriate treatment.
Predominant Contribution of Superior Rectus–Levator Complex Enlargement to Optic Neuropathy and Inferior Visual Field Defects in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Oropesa Susel , Dunbar Kristen E. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Callahan Alison B. , Campbell Ashley A. , Kazim Michael 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To compare extraocular muscle volumes in thyroid eye disease patients with and without compressive optic neuropathy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 44 orbital CT scans (28 orbits without compressive disease and 16 orbits with compressive optic neuropathy) was conducted. The extraocular muscle volumes, summated soft tissue volumes, and optic nerve volumes were calculated at a section in the posterior 1/3 of the orbit. The visual fields of the orbits with compressive optic neuropathy were analyzed.

Results:
The mean combined extraocular muscle/summated soft tissue volume ratio and the mean superior rectus–levator complex/summated soft tissue volume ratio were greater in those with compressive optic neuropathy than in those without compressive optic neuropathy (p = 0.02, 0.008, respectively). The ratio of the mean inferior, medial, or lateral rectus/summated soft tissue volume did not differ significantly between patients with or without compressive optic neuropathy (p values of 0.315, 0.615, and 0.254, respectively). Visual field analysis of the compressive optic neuropathy group demonstrated that 58% of the orbits with visual field defects had inferior field defects.

Conclusions:
When measured at a section near the orbital apex, the mean combined muscle/summated soft tissue volume ratio and the mean superior rectus–levator complex/summated soft tissue volume ratio are greater in those with compressive disease than those without. This suggests that the specific enlargement of the superior rectus–levator complex makes a significant contribution to thyroid eye disease-compressive optic neuropathy and may explain the inferior visual field deficits classically found in this group of patients.
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity Predict Topiramate-Related Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Barkley Christopher M. , Hu Zhenhong , Fieberg Ann M. , Eberly Lynn E. , Birnbaum Angela K. , Leppik Ilo E. , Marino Susan E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Topiramate (TPM) and lorazepam (LZP) are two examples of frequently prescribed medications that are associated with a high incidence of cognitive impairment; however, the factors that underlie interindividual differences in side effect profiles have not been fully characterized. Our objective was to determine whether working memory capacity (WMC), the amount of information that can be stored and manipulated in memory over short time intervals, is one such factor.

Methods/Procedures
Twenty-nine healthy volunteers completed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study during which they received placebo (PBO), TPM, and LZP in random order. Four hours after drug administration, a blood draw was taken to establish drug concentrations, and subjects performed a verbal working memory task while the accuracy and reaction time of their responses were recorded. Working memory capacity was calculated based on accuracy rates during the PBO session, and the role of WMC in moderating the severity of drug-related cognitive impairment was assessed by examining drug-related performance changes from PBO as a function of WMC.

Findings/Results
Both TPM and LZP had a negative impact on task performance, although only TPM-related deficits were modulated by WMC; high WMC was associated with more severe impairments and heightened sensitivity to increasing TPM concentrations.

Implications/Conclusions
We have identified a potential clinical risk factor, high WMC, which is associated with drug-related adverse cognitive events. These data provide objective evidence in support of clinical observations that high-functioning patients are more likely to experience severe cognitive impairments.
Outcomes of Primary Radiosurgery Treatment of Glomus Jugulare Tumors: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Shapiro Scott , Kellermeyer Brian , Ramadan Jad , Jones Garret , Wiseman Brian , Cassis Adam 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
1) Determine tumor control, symptomatic control, and complication rates of primary radiosurgery (PRS) for treatment of glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) via systematic review and meta-analysis. 2) Identify risk factors for these outcomes.

Data Sources:
1) Search of English articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost databases from January 1950 to August 2017.

Study Selection:
Inclusion criteria: 1) treated GJT patients who had no previous treatment with radiosurgery, 2) follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging for at least 12 months, 3) reported pre and posttreatment symptoms, tumor control, or complications for individual PRS patients or for PRS patients as a cohort.

Data Extraction:
The following were extracted: number of patients, level of evidence, mean age, mean pretreatment tumor volume, tumor control rate, criteria for change in tumor size, symptom control rate, and complications. At the individual patient level the following were extracted: age, number of treatment fractions, total radiation dose to tumor margin, pretreatment tumor volume, Fisch or Glasscock–Jackson stage, pre- and posttreatment symptoms, tumor control, symptom control/improvement, length of follow-up, and complications.

Data Synthesis:
Fifteen studies encompassing 91 patients met criteria. Tumor control was achieved in 92% of patients, symptom control in 93%, and complications occurred in 8%. There was one major complication. Smaller tumor volume predicted improvement in symptoms with PRS.

Conclusions:
In the short term, PRS is safe and effective at controlling growth and clinical symptoms for patients with GJTs, though there exists significant selection bias, inconsistent reporting, and clinical heterogeneity among existing studies.
Chinese Version of Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form Measures
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Yuan Changrong , Wang Jichuan , Shen Nanping , Shen Min , Hinds Pamela S. 
Published: August 2018

Background
The Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to measure symptoms and functions of children with a variety of chronic diseases. As the Chinese version of pediatric PROMIS (C-Ped-PROMIS) measures was developed, the measurement properties of C-Ped-PROMIS have not been demonstrated.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the C-Ped-PROMIS measures in children with cancer in China.

Methods
A total of 272 children and adolescents were recruited from 3 hospitals in China. The 8 C-Ped-PROMIS measures and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory General Core Module and Cancer Module were administered in a cross-sectional design. Known-group validity, concurrent validity, and item and scale reliability of these 8 measures were examined by using SPSS 21.0, and factorial structures were tested by using confirmatory factor analysis with Mplus 7.1.

Results
All 8 C-Ped-PROMIS measures showed good known-group validity as hypothesized (P < .05) and good concurrent validity measured by significant correlations with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory General Core Module and Cancer Module; the correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.519 to r = 0.655, except for peer relationship with r = 0.255 and r = 0.136, respectively. The Cronbach's α of C-Ped-PROMIS ranged from .758 to .910, and model-estimated scale reliabilities ranged from 0.740 to 0.905. The confirmatory factor analysis models of each measure fit data very well.

Conclusions
All 8 C-Ped-PROMIS measures have a valid factorial structure as theoretically defined with good reliability and validity.

Implications for Practice
The C-Ped-PROMIS can be readily used to measure symptoms and functions of children and adolescents with cancer in China.
Smoking and Risk for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Niu Huikun , Qu Yangming , Li Zhijun , Wang Rui , Li Lu , Li Meiqi , Lv Xin , Gao Chunshi , Song Yuanyuan , Li Bo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study was performed to identify the association between smoking and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To perform this meta-analysis based on case-control and cohort studies, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the CNKI electronic databases were searched through April 30, 2017. Our meta-analysis included 27 studies, including 16 that reported odds ratios (ORs) and 11 that reported hazard ratios (HRs) or ratio risks. No significant association was found between smoking and AD among the studies that reported ORs (1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.812–1.281, I
2 = 67.9%, random model, p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between different smoking statuses. The pooled HRs revealed a significant association between smoking and AD (HR = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.194–1.934, I
2 = 83.6%, random model, p < 0.001). Cumulative meta-analysis of the HRs revealed that the effect of smoking on AD tended to be stable over time. Smoking may confer an increased risk of AD, and this effect has tended to be stable over time.
Full Neurological Recovery From Escherichia coli Meningitis Associated With Near-Death Experience
Authors: Khanna Surbhi , Moore Lauren E. , Greyson Bruce 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A 54-year-old otherwise healthy man presented with altered mental status. On admission, the patient was confused and agitated, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 11, suggesting moderate brain injury. He was sedated, placed on a ventilator, and started on tobramycin and ceftazidime for presumed bacterial meningitis, but switched to ceftriaxone once cultures returned as Escherichia coli. During his 8-day hospitalization, his mental status fluctuated from confused to nonresponsive, with GCS scores between 6 and 11. Although E. coli meningitis has a high rate of neurological complications and death, this patient recovered completely without any deficits, and recalled an elaborate near-death experience that occurred during his coma. This case highlights the importance of studying near-death experiences occurring during compromised brain function to further our understanding of the brain and consciousness.
Overexpression of Gilz Protects Mice Against Lethal Septic Peritonitis
Authors: Ballegeer Marlies , Vandewalle Jolien , Eggermont Melanie , Van Isterdael Gert , Dejager Lien , De Bus Liesbet , Decruyenaere Johan , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Libert Claude 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Sepsis in humans and experimental animals is characterized by an acute inflammatory response. glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory disorders, yet their effectiveness in sepsis is debatable. One of the major anti-inflammatory proteins induced by GCs is glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ, coded by the TSC22D3 gene). We found that TSC22D3 mRNA expression is downregulated in white blood cells of human sepsis patients. Interestingly, transgenic GILZ-overexpressing mice (GILZ-tg) showed better survival rates in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of mouse sepsis. To our surprise, GILZ had only mild anti-inflammatory effects in this model, as the systemic proinflammatory response was not significantly reduced in GILZ-tg mice compared with control mice. During CLP, we observed reduced bacterial counts in blood of GILZ-tg mice compared with control mice. We found increased expression of Tsc22d3 mRNA specifically in peritoneal exudate cells in the CLP model, as well as increased capacity for bacterial phagocytosis of CD45+ GILZ-tg cells compared with CD45+ GILZ-wt cells. Hence, we believe that the protective effects of GILZ in the CLP model can be linked to a more efficient phagocytosis.