bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of miniscrews as references in cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanner digital models: study on goat heads
Authors: CHEN GUI , JIANG YIRAN 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Miniscrews have been used to superimpose craniofacial three-dimensional (3D) images or explore stable structures in jaws ,in spite of their artifact. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements on a 3D model of miniscrews from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and an intraoral scanner (IOS).
Methods: Altogether, 64 miniscrews were placed in 12 jaws of goat. Jaws with miniscrews were scanned by CBCT machine at different voxels and IOS. Linear and angular measurements between miniscrews on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS were compared with actual measurements and with each other.
Results: An intraclass correlation of 0.961–1.000 was obtained by each method. Significant overestimations of linear measurements of 0 .2 7 ± 0.24, 0.14 ± 0.22 and 0.15±0.26 mm, and non-significant differences of 0.11±1.97 °, 0.15±2.79° and 0.41±2.34°, were observed on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS, respectively. Equal magnification of linear measurements was on homolateral and contralateral sides using CBCT, whereas significantly greater magnification on the homolateral side than on the opposite was observed using the IOS. No significant difference was observed among three digital models on angular measurements.
Conclusions: Miniscrews in CBCT and IOSs seem reliable and valid as reference measuring tooth movement. However, when miniscrews are involved in high precision measurement in CBCT or IOS image, the systematic error should be taken into consideration. Same voxels of CBCT images are recommended for miniscrew related measurements to reduce the type of error source.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramezani Mazaher , Zavattaro Elisa , Sadeghi Masoud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background : Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder, impacted by both genetic and environmental factors. Herein, a meta-analysis assessed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion ( ACE I/D) polymorphism and psoriasis susceptibility. Methods : A systematic search was used in databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2019 without language restriction. A dichotomous analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 using crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and the risk of psoriasis. A funnel plot analysis was used by CMA 2.0 to estimate a significant existence of publication bias. Results : Out of 61 studies retrieved from the databases, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs for models of D vs. I, DD vs. II, ID vs. II, ID + DD vs. II, and DD vs. II + ID genotypes were 0.96 [95%CI: 0.82, 1.12; P=0.58], 0.99 [95%CI: 0.73, 1.36; P=0.96], 0.78 [95%CI: 0.62, 0.91; P=0.0003], 0.91 [95%CI: 0.73, 1.13; P=0.40], and 1.05 [95%CI: 0.85, 1.30; P=0.68], respectively. A significant difference between ACE polymorphisms in patients with/without family history for the disease [OR=1.44; 95%CI: 1.24, 1.67; P<0.001] and also in patients mild/severe psoriasis [OR=0.70; 95%CI: 0.55, 0.88; P=0.002] was identified. Conclusion : The results of the meta-analysis showed that ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with psoriasis susceptibility, while ID genotype seemed to have a protective role in Caucasian patients affected by psoriatic arthritis and in studies with hospital-based controls.
Association of ABO Polymorphisms and Cancer/Cardiocerebrovascular Disease: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanxia , Liu Luyang , Huang Yubei , Zheng Hong , Li Lian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: ABO gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of multiple cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. However, the results remained controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between two SNPs (rs505922 and rs657152) in ABO gene and cancers/cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Method: All eligible case-control studies come from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to Jan. 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the corresponding associations. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias assessment, and heterogeneity test were performed using STATA 12.0. Results: A total of eighteen articles involving twenty-nine case-control populations were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven populations (16,929 cases and 23,941 controls) were used to evaluate the relationship between rs505922 and overall cancers and nine populations (22,275 cases and 71,549 controls) were included to assess the association between rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The results showed a significant association between the rs505922 polymorphism and cancers (CvsT: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.22, P=0.003), and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.19-1.57, P<0.001). Four populations (5,158 cases and 7,021 controls) were included to evaluate association between rs657152 and cancers and five populations (8,105 cases and 6,712 controls) were included to estimate the relationship between rs657152 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The result of meta-analysis reveals that rs657152 was significantly associated with cancers (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.09-1.24, P<0.001) and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.24-1.92, P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggested that ABO polymorphisms may serve as a risk factor of cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
A retrospective genomic analysis of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in a high-burden setting, with an emphasis on comparative diagnostics and reactivation and reinfection status
Authors: Wollenberg Kurt , Harris Michael , Gabrielian Andrei , Ciobanu Nelly , Chesov Dumitru , Long Alyssa , Taaffe Jessica , Hurt Darrell , Rosenthal Alex , Tartakovsky Michael , Crudu Valeriu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Recurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) after treatment occurs through relapse of the initial infection or reinfection by a new strain. Outbreaks of DR-TB in high burden regions present unique obstacles in determining recurrence status for effective disease management and treatment. In the Republic of Moldova the burden of DR-TB is exceptionally high, with many cases presenting as recurrent.Methods To understand the genomic basis of this epidemic and its effect on determining of the causes of recurrence we performed a retrospective analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes from 278 isolates collected from 190 patients, including 87 patients with longitudinal samples. These pathogen genomes were sequenced using Illumina technology, and SNP panels were generated for each sample for use in phylogenetic and network analysis. Discordance between genomic resistance profiles and clinical drug-resistance test results was examined to assess levels of mixed infection.Results Widespread evidence of person-to-person transmission of DR-TB was found among lineages represented. Analysis of longitudinally collected isolates revealed that many infections exhibited little change over time, though 35 patients demonstrated reinfection by divergent lineages. Additionally, several same-lineage sample pairs were found to be more divergent than expected for a relapsed infection. Network analysis of the H3/4.2.1 lineage found very close relationships among 61 of these samples, making differentiation of reactivation and reinfection difficult. There was discordance between genomic profile and clinical drug sensitivity test results in several samples, suggesting low-level mixed infections.Conclusions Whole-genome sequencing provided a detailed view of the genealogical structure of the DR-TB epidemic in Moldova, showing that reinfection may be more prevalent than currently recognized. We also found increased evidence of mixed infection, which could be more robustly characterized with deeper levels of genomic sequencing.
Analysis of the genetic diversity in TLR4 3'-untranslated region among Asian populations and the biological effects of altofrequent SNPs
Authors: Chen Guodong , Yang Luhan , Zhang Yun , Jiao Yang , Guo Hao , Zheng Bingrong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Numerous case-control studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the TLR4 3'-untranslated region (UTR) are associated with multiple inflammatory disorders in various populations, particularly in Asians. However, the distribution frequency of polymorphisms in different Asian races and its effects on TLR4 expression remain unclear. Here, we extracted variants from the 1000 Genomes project database and analyzed the SNPs and haplotypes genetic diversity of TLR4 3'-UTR in 10 Asian populations, and then assessed the biological effects of the altofrequent polymorphic loci on TLR4 expression by luciferase assay.

Results: Total 6 SNPs were identified as true polymorphic loci with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ≥ 1% in Asian populations, including rs41426344, rs7869402, rs11536889, rs7873784, rs11536891, and rs11536896. Considering 4 Tag SNPs, we inferred 5 haplotypes that present a Asiatic frequency higher than 1%. It is noteworthy that rs41426344 is unique to East Asian populations, and the H-5 haplotype frequency was reduced when analyzing pooled data from East and South Asian populations. The MAFs of rs7869402 and rs11536889, and H-2 and H-4 frequencies significantly differed between the populations (P < 0.001). We constructed a pGL3-3494-3UTR luciferase plasmid to simulate TLR4 gene structure in vivo, and used PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis to construct a series of mutant luciferase constructs corresponding to the six SNPs. In addition, we identified that TLR4 mRNA was selectively expressed in SiHa and THP-1 cell lines, but not in C33A, Hela, and 293T cell lines. The luciferase activity of constructs containing rs7869402 T allele and rs11536889 C allele increased significantly upon LPS or IL-6 stimulation in THP-1 and SiHa cells.

Conclusions: The distributions of SNPs and haplotypes in TLR4 3'-UTR were significantly different among Asian populations. The biological effects of rs7869402 and rs11536889 on TLR4 are significant clues that revealing its critical role in harmful TLR4-mediated responses. These results provided a reminder for future investigation on TLR4 related inflammatory diseases susceptibility.
Relationship between amino acid sequence diversity and antimicrobial activity of Japanese quail cathelicidins
Authors: Ishige Taichiro , HARA Hiromi , HIRANO Takashi , KONO Tomohiro , HANZAWA Kei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Japanese quail is a low-fat, meat-bird species exhibiting high disease resistance. Cathelicidins (CATHs) are host defense peptides conserved across numerous vertebrate species that play an important role in innate immunity. The activity of host defense peptides can be affected by amino acid substitutions. However, no polymorphisms in avian CATH genes have been reported to date. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect on antimicrobial activity of polymorphisms in CATHs.

Results
DNA for genomic analyses was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail from 6 inbred lines. A total of six, four, four, and six CjCATH3 , CjCATH2 , CjCATHB1 , and CjCATH1 alleles were identified, respectively. Nine haplotypes, including four that were strain specific, were identified in alleles from the CjCATH3 , CjCATH2 , CjCATHB1 , and CjCATH1 loci. In addition, two and one amino acid substitutions (I145F, Q148H, and P245H) predicted by PROVEAN and PolyPhen-2 to have deleterious effects were detected at CjCATH2 and B1, respectively. Synthetic CjCATH2 and B1 peptides exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than chicken CATH2 and B1, respectively. Furthermore, CjCATHB1*04 peptide exhibited less-potent antimicrobial activity than other CjCATHB1 peptides examined.

Conclusions
This is the first report of amino acid substitutions accompanied by changes in antibacterial activity in avian CATHs. These findings could be employed as indicators of improvements in the innate immune response in poultry.
Depression among Physicians that are Mothers in Mexico: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Mariscal Karen Rosales , Valle Cipatli Ayuzo Del , Villegas-Pichardo Luz Odette , Salceda Alejandra Huante 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Common mental disorders are prevalent in medical doctors, especially in female. In Mexico, there are many studies showing that medical students and residents present a higher frequency of depression compared to the general population, however there are no studies in medical doctors at a later stage. A questionnaire was sent in an online forum for physicians that are mothers based in Mexico with the objective of estimating the point prevalence of depression among this group. The questionnaire included the Hospital and Anxiety Scale (HAD-S) which assess symptoms of depression. A cut-off score of ≥8 or use of antidepressants was used to define depression.

RESULTS : A total of 1170 physicians that are mothers were included in this study. The point prevalence of depression was 10.9%. The group that had depression smoked more and took more sleeping pills that the group that did not present symptoms of depression. The point prevalence of symptoms of depression in this group of physician in Mexico was estimated to be of 10.9%, which is similar to what is seen in the general population but lower than the estimates for medical interns and residents.
Resistance of Nicotiana tabacum to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae Race 0 Is Enhanced by the Addition of N. plumbaginifolia Chromosome 9 with a Slight Effect on Host Genomic Expression
Authors: Dang Jiangbo , Wang Jinying , Yang Yao , Shang Wei , Guo Qigao , Liang Guolu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBlack shank is a devastating disease in tobacco production worldwide, and resistance to this disease in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. tobacco is controlled by the Php gene. The position of the Php gene on chromosomes of N. plumbaginifolia remains unclear. The tobacco line TP‐1, which was derived from N. tabacum L. cv. Yunyan87 and N. plumbaginifolia, was used in the present study to help locate the Php gene on the N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes and understand the effects of the N. plumbaginifolia chromosome addition on the genomic expression of N. tabacum. An in vitro infection test verified that TP‐1 was as resistant to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae race 0 as N. plumbaginifolia and more resistant than Yunyan87. According to cytogenetic analysis, TP‐1 was identified as a monosomic alien addition line and the alien chromosome was recognized as the ninth chromosome of N. plumbaginifolia through. Thus, the P. parasitica var. nicotianae race 0 resistance gene might be Php on chromosome 9 of N. plumbaginifolia. A superficial transcriptomic analysis showed that addition of the alien chromosome slightly affected the genomic expression of the host, with only 3.32% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between TP‐1 and Yunyan87. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most (9/13) genes classified as involved in plant–pathogen reactions, particularly five serine/threonine‐protein kinase genes, were upregulated in TP‐1. It is worth noting that flavonoid biosynthesis may be greatly downregulated in TP‐1: two genes were both downregulated in TP‐1 according to gene ontology analysis, and all 20 DEGs in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were downregulated in TP‐1 according to KEGG analysis.
A Pedotransfer Function for Field‐Scale Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Small Watershed
Authors: Picciafuoco Tommaso , Morbidelli Renato , Flammini Alessia , Saltalippi Carla , Corradini Corrado , Strauss Peter , Blöschl Günter 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Measurements of field‐scale saturated hydraulic conductivity (<Ksf>) were performed.
Two pedotransfer functions for field‐scale <Ksf> were developed.
A map of field‐scale <Ksf> at catchment scale was obtained using two approaches.
Classical experimental techniques to determine point values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are complex and time consuming; therefore, the development of pedotransfer functions, PTFs, to derive Ks from easily available soil properties is of great importance. However, PTFs have been generally developed at the local scale, while hydrological modeling requires Ks estimates at larger scales. A small Austrian catchment, where detailed soil characteristics were available, was selected to address this issue. Values of field‐scale saturated hydraulic conductivity (<Ksf>), observed in a number of catchment areas by double‐ring infiltrometers, were used to develop two PTFs, one by multiple linear regression (PTFMLR) and one by ridge regression (PTFR). Training and validation of the PTFs in the monitored areas indicate that the PTFR provides better outcomes with smaller average errors. This suggests that the ridge regression is a valid alternative to the classical multiple linear regression technique. Predictions of <Ksf> by the PTFs in the remaining areas, where infiltration measurements were not performed, were also made to obtain a map of <Ksf> for the whole catchment. Two alternative approaches were used: Method A—soil properties were first interpolated and then the PTFs applied; Method B—the PTFs were first applied to sites with available soil properties and then interpolated. The maps of <Ksf> obtained by the PTFMLR are not representative of the <Ksf> spatial variability. On the other hand, the map generated by the PTFR with Method A is consistent with catchment morphology and soil characteristics.
Antibacterial Activity of Melia azedarach Leaves against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Mwale Charlene , Makunike Kuda Nelia , Mangoyi Rumbidzai 
Published: September 2019

Antimicrobial drug resistance is increasingly becoming an important global problem. Among the major causes for concern is drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi, which have become resistant to at least one antibiotic. This challenge has lead scientists to investigate plants as potential sources of antimicrobial agents since they have been used to treat diseases long before the discovery of antibiotics. In Zimbabwe, typhoid is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity due to poor sanitation and poor treatment regimes. Traditionalists are using Melia azedarach leaves for the treatment of diarrhea, a typhoid symptom. Thus, this study focused on validating the use of M. azedarach leaves for medicinal purposes by determining their antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae and S.typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. Melia azedarach leaf constituents were extracted using ethanol, ethylacetate, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. Their antibacterial activities were assessed using the agar disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Haemolysis assay was carried out to determine the toxicity of the potent extracts. The ethanol and hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. typhi whilst dichloromethane and hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for ethanol and hexane against S. typhi were < 1 µg/ml and 15.6 µg/ml respectively, whilst their minimum bactericidal concentrations were 31.25 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml. The MICs for dichloromethane and hexane extracts against S. pneumoniae were 31.25 µg/ml and 62.5 µg/ml respectively, whilst their MBCs were 31.25 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml. The extracts ethanol, hexane and dichloromethane had haemolytic activity of 63 %, 62 % and 59 % respectively. Therefore, these results validate the use of M. azedarach leaves for medicinal purposes. However, these leaves may be toxic to human consumption, thus there is need for further investigation on their toxicity in vivo.
IMPLEMENTASI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF ESTEEM PASIEN PENYAKIT TERMINAL DI KELOMPOK DUKUNGAN SEBAYA (KDS) RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG
Authors: Hidayanti Ema 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>HIV / AIDS patients experience complex problems both physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. Psychosocial problems experienced include depression, anxiety, despair, and worry, and affect the destruction of social life such as isolating themselves and getting stigmatized. These various problems make HIV / AIDS patients feel useless and worthless. In dealing with psychological problems such as low self-esteem, HIV / AIDS patients desperately need social support from both partners, parents, children, friends, counselors and health teams. Unfortunately during this time the expected social support, rarely HIV / AIDS patients were found, including from their own families. To facilitate these needs, hospitals that become a reference center for HIV / AIDS patients form Peer Support Groups (</em><em>P</em><em>S</em><em>G</em><em>). </em><em>PSG </em><em> activities include group guidance and peer counseling for HIV / AIDS patients. These activities provide opportunities for HIV / AIDS patients to increase knowledge about their illness, exchange experiences with each other, even help each other solve problems. The various positive benefits of peer support groups in turn can increase the self-esteem of HIV / AIDS patients</em>.</p><p> </p><p align="center">****</p>Pasien HIV/AIDS mengalami problem yang kompleks baik fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual. Problem psikososial yang dialami antara lain depresi, cemas, putus asa, dan khawatir, serta berpengaruh pada rusaknya kehidupan sosial seperti mengisolasikan diri dan mendapat stigmatisasi. Berbagai masalah tersebut membuat ODHA merasa tidak berguna dan tidak berharga. Dalam menghadapi problem psikologis seperti rendahnya harga diri, ODHA sangat membutuhkan dukungan sosial baik dari pasangan, orang tua, anak, teman, konselor dan tim kesehatan. Sayangnya selama ini dukungan sosial yang diharapkan tersebut, jarang ODHA didapatkan termasuk dari keluarganya sendiri. Untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan tersebut, rumah sakit yang menjadi pusat rujukan bagi ODHA membentuk Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya (KDS). Kegiatan KDS diantaranya bimbingan kelompok dan konseling sebaya bagi ODHA. Kegiatan tersebut memberikan peluang bagi ODHA untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang sakitnya, bertukar pengalaman dengan sesamanya, bahkan saling membantu memecahkan masalah. Berbagai manfaat positif KDS tersebut pada gilirannya mampu meningkatkan harga diri ODHA.