bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPs’ and practice staff’s views of a telephone first approach to demand management: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Newbould Jennifer , Exley Josephine , Ball Sarah , Corbett Jennie , Pitchforth Emma , Roland Martin 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundTo better manage patient demand, some general practices have implemented a ‘telephone first’ approach in which all patients seeking a face-to-face appointment first have to speak to a GP on the telephone. Previous studies have suggested that there is considerable scope for this new approach, but there remain significant concerns.AimTo understand the views of GPs and practice staff of the telephone first approach, and to identify enablers and barriers to successful adoption of the approach.Design and settingA qualitative study of the telephone first approach in 12 general practices that have adopted it, and two general practices that have tried the approach but reverted to their previous system.MethodA total of 53 qualitative interviews with GPs and practice staff were conducted. Transcriptions of the interviews were systematically analysed.ResultsStaff in the majority of practices reported that the approach was an improvement on their previous system, but all practices experienced challenges; for example, where practices did not have the capacity to meet the increase in demand for telephone consultations. Staff were also aware that the new system suited some patients better than others. Adoption of the telephone first approach could be very stressful, with a negative impact on morale, especially reported in interviews with the two practices that had tried but stopped the approach. Interviewees identified enablers and barriers to the successful adoption of a telephone first approach in primary care. Enablers to successful adoption were: understanding demand, practice staff as pivotal, making modifications to the approach, and educating patients.ConclusionPractices considering adopting or clinical commissioning groups considering funding a telephone first approach should consider carefully a practice’s capacity and capability before launching.
A Faint Halo Star Cluster Discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey
Authors: Mau S. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Bechtol K. , Pace A. B. , Li T. , Soares-Santos M. , Kuropatkin N. , Allam S. , Tucker D. , Santana-Silva L. , Yanny B. , Jethwa P. , Palmese A. , Vivas K. , Burgad C. , Chen H.-Y. ,   (BLISS Collaboration)
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present the discovery of a faint, resolved stellar system, BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1), found in Dark Energy Camera data from the first observing run of the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky (BLISS) survey. BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1) is located at

with a heliocentric distance of

. It is a faint,

, and compact,

, system consistent with previously discovered faint halo star clusters. Using data from the second data release of the Gaia satellite, we measure a proper motion of

mas yr−1. Combining the available positional and velocity information with simulations of the accreted satellite population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), we find that it is unlikely that BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1) originated with the LMC.
SOFIA FORCAST Photometry of 12 Extended Green Objects in the Milky Way
Authors: Towner A. P. M. , Brogan C. L. , Hunter T. R. , Cyganowski C. J. , Friesen R. K. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) are known to undergo an evolutionary phase in which high mass accretion rates drive strong outflows. A class of objects believed to trace this phase accurately is the Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) Extended Green Object (EGO) sample, so named for the presence of extended 4.5 μm emission on size scales of ∼0.1 pc in Spitzer images. We have been conducting a multiwavelength examination of a sample of 12 EGOs with distances of 1–5 kpc. In this paper, we present mid-infrared images and photometry of these EGOs obtained with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy and subsequently construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for these sources from the near-infrared to submillimeter regimes using additional archival data. We compare the results from graybody models and several publicly available software packages that produce model SEDs in the context of a single massive protostar. The models yield typical R
⋆ ∼ 10 R
⊙, T
⋆ ∼ 103–104 K, and L
⋆ ∼ 1–40 × 103 L
⊙; the median L/M for our sample is 24.7 L
⊙/M
⊙. Model results rarely converge for R
⋆ and T
⋆, but they do for L
⋆, which we take to be an indication of the multiplicity and inherently clustered nature of these sources even though, typically, only a single source dominates in the mid-infrared. The median L/M value for the sample suggests that these objects may be in a transitional stage between the commonly described “IR-quiet” and “IR-bright” stages of MYSO evolution. The median T
dust for the sample is less conclusive but suggests that these objects are either in this transitional stage or occupy the cooler (and presumably younger) part of the IR-bright stage.
CLOUDY View of the Warm Corona
Authors: Panda Swayamtrupta , Czerny Bożena , Done Chris , Kubota Aya 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bright active galaxies show a range of properties, but many of these properties are correlated, which has led to the concept of the quasar main sequence. We test whether our current understanding of the quasar structure allows the pattern observed in the optical plane formed by the kinematic line width of Hβ and the relative importance of the Fe ii optical emission to be reproduced. We performed simulations of the Hβ and Fe ii production using the code CLOUDY and well-justified assumptions about the broadband spectra, distance to the emission line region, and the cloud properties. We show that the presence of the warm corona is an important element of the broadband spectrum, which decreases the dependence of the relative Fe ii emissivity on the Eddington ratio and allows the rare cases of particularly strong Fe ii emitters to be reproduced. Results are sensitive to the adopted cloud distance, and strong Fe ii emission can be obtained either by adopting strongly supersolar metallicity or a much shorter distance than traditionally obtained from reverberation mapping. We modeled in a similar way the UV plane defined by the Mg ii line and Fe ii UV pseudo-continuum, but here our approach is less successful, in general overproducing the Fe ii strength. We found that the Fe ii optical and UV emissivity depend in a different way on the turbulent velocity and metallicity, and the best extension of the model in order to cover both planes is to allow very large turbulent velocities in the broad-line region clouds.
Initial Mass Function Variation in Two Elliptical Galaxies Using Near-infrared Tracers
Authors: Meyer R. Elliot , Sivanandam Suresh , Moon Dae-Sik 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Using integral field spectroscopy, we demonstrate that gravity-sensitive absorption features in the zJ band (0.9–1.35 μm) can constrain the low-mass stellar initial mass function (IMF) in the cores of two elliptical galaxies, M85 and M87. Compared to the visible bands, the near-infrared (NIR) is more sensitive to light from low-mass dwarf stars, whose relative importance is the primary subject of the debate over IMF variations in nearby galaxies. Our analysis compares the observed spectra to the latest stellar population synthesis models by employing two different methods: equivalent widths and spectral fitting. We find that the IMF slopes in M85 are similar to the canonical Milky Way IMF with a median IMF-mismatch parameter α

K
= 1.26. In contrast, we find that the IMF in M87 is steeper than a Salpeter IMF with α

K
= 2.77. The derived stellar population parameters, including the IMF slopes, are consistent with those from recent results in the visible bands based on spectroscopic and kinematic techniques. Certain elemental abundances, e.g., Na and Fe, have dramatic effects on the IMF-sensitive features and therefore the derived IMF slopes. We show evidence for a high [Na/H] ∼ 0.65 dex in the core of M85 from two independent Na i absorption features. The high Na abundance may be the result of a recent galactic merger involving M85. This suggests that including [Na/H] in the stellar population model parameters is critical for constraining the IMF slopes in M85. These results confirm the viability of using NIR absorption features to investigate IMF variation in nearby galaxies.
Detecting Supermassive Black Hole–induced Binary Eccentricity Oscillations with LISA
Authors: Hoang Bao-Minh , Naoz Smadar , Kocsis Bence , Farr Will M. , McIver Jessica 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Stellar-mass black hole binaries (BHBs) near supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galactic nuclei undergo eccentricity oscillations due to gravitational perturbations from the SMBH. Previous works have shown that this channel can contribute to the overall BHB merger rate detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo Interferometer. Significantly, the SMBH gravitational perturbations on the binary’s orbit may produce eccentric BHBs which are expected to be visible using the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) for a large fraction of their lifetime before they merge in the LIGO/Virgo band. For a proof of concept, we show that the eccentricity oscillations of these binaries can be detected with LISA for BHBs in the local universe up to a few megaparsecs, with observation periods shorter than the mission lifetime, thereby disentangling this merger channel from others. The approach presented here is straightforward to apply to a wide variety of compact object binaries with a tertiary companion.
Flame-like Ellerman Bombs and Their Connection to Solar Ultraviolet Bursts
Authors: Chen Yajie , Tian Hui , Peter Hardi , Samanta Tanmoy , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Wang Haimin , Cao Wenda , Wang Linghua , He Jiansen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ellerman bombs (EBs) are small-scale intense brightenings in Hα wing images, which are generally believed to be signatures of magnetic reconnection around the temperature minimum region of the solar atmosphere. They have a flame-like morphology when observed near the solar limb. Recent observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal another type of small-scale reconnection event called an ultraviolet (UV) burst, in the lower solar atmosphere. Though previous observations have shown a clear coincidence between the occurrence of some UV bursts and EBs, the exact relationship between these two phenomena is still debated. We investigate the spatial and temporal relationship between flame-like EBs and UV bursts using joint near-limb observations between the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) and IRIS. In total, 161 EBs have been identified from the GST observations, and ∼20 of them reveal signatures of UV bursts in the IRIS images. Interestingly, we find that these UV bursts have a tendency to appear at the upper parts of their associated flame-like EBs. The intensity variations of most EB-related UV bursts and their corresponding EBs match well. Our results suggest that some of these UV bursts and EBs likely form at different heights during a common reconnection process.
Non-Intrusive Monitoring of Subsea Boosting Systems
Authors: Abrahamsen Jens , Sæther Frank Tore , Haugen Svein Arild , Bentsen Stian , Villanger Yngve , Økland Ole 
Published: April 2019

Critical rotating machinery topside is monitored by sensors providing detailed information on the mechanical condition. Early signs of abnormalities can be detected and corrected. This is contrary to subsea pumps where only a very small percentage of the installed base is monitored. This is due to the lack of availability of qualified proximity probes for subsea pumps, although this has started to be addressed for recent applications. Furthermore, sensors inside the machine add complexity, failure modes and cost, while benefits are limited as repair requires the machine to be recovered to the surface. Consequently, a run to failure philosophy is applied.
With sensors being omitted because of cost and risk, the operator often operates in an uncomfortable "blind" mode. With no information on remaining life time and the risk of a creeping failure underway, the only mitigation is to accept the cost for a spare pump and IMR vessel ready for a replacement at minimum notice.
By applying an array of sensing elements, the presented condition monitoring system measures and analyses the acoustic and electric field generated by a subsea pump. The sensor system operates completely independently, can be installed and replaced without interfering with the pump and will also provide monitoring of components adjacent to the pump. The level of precision provided is not designed for detailing a repair plan (e.g. defining the position of balance weights), however it is fully adequate for early detection of a fault under development and will help guide the operator to maximize remaining lifetime by tuning the process parameters.
Using data acquired over a 10 year period, we will demonstrate how the system has successfully been used to monitor the health status of two different subsea pumps. Both pumps were eventually damaged, and we will investigate how the system provided the operator with a warning 6-8 weeks before the pump had to be stopped.
Critical Areas to be Aware of for Efficient Floater Operations throughout the Lifecycle of the Asset
Authors: Takei Jamaludin bin , Thavaratnam Dyala Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the critical areas at every stage in the lifecycle of the floater that may have been overlooked by classification bodies as well as owners and operators. These areas result in compromise of safety, integrity and operational capability leading to direct costs and opportunity loss costs, from cost for revenue deferment, repairs, third party engagement and risking the reputation and integrity of the COMPANY. The findings reveal the primary cause of breach in critical areas is the lack of a check and balance mechanism that should be imposed by owners and operators of the floaters to Classification deliverables instead of completely depending on Classification Society. Certain optional certification by Classification Society should be made mandatory to avoid such failures.
Based on research and analysis of past floaters’ failures, a set of floaters’ integrity and assurance guideline should be developed and adopted by owners and operators to ensure safety, integrity and operational capability is always maintained and continuously monitored throughout the lifecycle of the Asset. Investigation on a number of case studies was conducted by collecting various data at all phases of the project (i.e. development, front end engineering, detail engineering, construction, transport and installation, hook up and commissioning, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and demobilization & preservation).
This paper emphasizes the need for Classification Society, owners and operators to conduct mandatory internal reviews, as a form of check and balance to avoid instances of overlooked critical areas. Ensure cohesive decision making by classification society, owners and operators of floaters to circumvent instances of overlooking the identified critical areas resulting in hazardous work environment and revenue deferment that have caused operators to be accountable and owners to be responsible. The Floaters’ Integrity and Assurance Guideline should provide an accountable process for all phases of the project throughout the life cycle of the asset.
Assessing Hydrate Formation in a Gas Condensate Subsea Tieback Using a Transient Hydrate Simulation Tool
Authors: Wang Yan , Rivero Lourdes M , Palermo Thierry , Koh Carolyn A , Zerpa Luis E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Current oil prices have shifted the offshore flow assurance philosophy from "hydrate avoidance" to "hydrate management". In order to manage hydrate formation in the pipeline, not only do we need to have a good understanding of the hydrate formation process, but also a comprehensive hydrate formation predictive tool is necessary. In this work, a transient hydrate simulation tool coupled with a multiphase flow simulator, which predicts the hydrate formation rate and amount to determine hydrate slurry transportability, is applied to assess the hydrate formation risk in an offshore gas condensate subsea tieback under design stage. A simulation model is developed using the geometry, fluid properties and predicted production data from this field. This gas condensate field has an offshore separator that connects to a subsea production line. After separation, gas and liquids are transported by export lines. In this study, the hydrate formation in the production and the liquid export lines was estimated using the transient hydrate simulation tool. Simulation studies were performed to assess the hydrate plugging risk at both steady state and transient operations considering different water cuts. This simulation tool has been demonstrated to be useful in modeling hydrate management during subsea pipeline design and optimization, and can provide guidelines for safe and cost-effective hydrate management in the field.
A Detailed Look into the 2017 SNAME OC-8 Comparative Wind Load Study
Authors: Berto Kevin , Hodapp David , Falzarano Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper documents the results from the 2017 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) OC-8 Panel Comparative Wind Load Study. Initial unpublished results were presented at a one-day panel at the 2017 SNAME Maritime Convention; however, the final results are brought together for the first time in this paper.A blind, comparative study was organized through the SNAME OC-8 Panel in 2017 to assess the relative accuracy and repeatability of existing wind load estimation methods. Twenty-five companies and organizations throughout the world participated in this study, which encompassed three available wind load estimation methods: empirical building block procedures, wind tunnel testing, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). To permit an ‘apples-to-apples’ comparison, the same representative semisubmersible design was used by all participants, including a single physical model shipped consecutively to each of the five wind tunnel facilities participating in the study.The most significant finding from the study is the remarkably low variability in wind tunnel and CFD results relative to the empirical building block method incorporated in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), classification rules, and industry codes for stability calculations. Moreover, only wind tunnel and CFD results were able to accurately quantify the contribution of a lifting force and its effect on the overturning moment. The lessons learned from the comparative study will be incorporated into a long-awaited revision to SNAME's wind tunnel testing guideline, and has inspired the development of a new industry guideline which will broadly address wind load estimation methods in design, including the use of CFD throughout the design spiral.
A Counter-Current Heat-Exchange Reactor for the Thermal Stimulation of Gas Hydrate and Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Schicks Judith Maria , Spangenberg Erik , Giese Ronny , Luzi-Helbing Manja , Priegnitz Mike , Heeschen Katja U. , Strauch Bettina , Schrötter Jörg , Kück Jochem , Töpfer Martin , Klump Jens , Thaler Jan , Abendroth Sven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAt the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences we have developed a safe and efficient method which allows for the decomposition of gas hydrates by the supply of heat inside the reservoir. The heat is generated in situ by a catalytic combustion of methane in a counter-current heat-exchange reactor. The reactor that Rudy Rogers, Professor Emeritus in Chemical Engineering at Mississippi State University, referred to as the "Schicks Combustor" is placed in a borehole in such way that the hot reaction zone is situated in the area of the hydrate layer.The counter-current heat-exchange reactor developed at GFZ generates heat via a flameless catalytic oxidation of methane at a noble metal catalyst. The system is closed i.e. there is no contact of the reactants, catalyst and environment. For safety reasons, methane and air are fed separately through a tube-in-tube arrangement into the mixing chamber. Due to its cooling effect and for safety reasons air instead of pure oxygen is used. From the mixing chamber the gas mixture arrives in defined quantities on the catalyst bed, where methane and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water. The hot product gases release their heat via an aluminum foam to the outer wall of the reactor and then to the environment. Simultaneously, the incoming gases are preheated. The reaction runs stable and autonomous between 673 and 823 K.The counter-current heat-exchange reactor was designed as a lab reactor and a borehole tool. The lab reactor was tested in a reservoir simulator to investigate the heat transfer into gas hydrate bearing sediments. Therefore methane hydrate was generated in the LArge Reservoir Simulator (LARS), an autoclave with a volume of 425 L. In a test with 80% hydrate saturation, the reservoir simulator warmed up within 12 hours after the ignition of the catalyst to such an extent that the temperature of the complete sample was above the dissociation temperature of the previously formed methane hydrate which dissociated completely and methane could therefore be produced. During this test, only 15% of the produced CH4 was consumed to generate the energy needed for the thermal dissociation of the hydrates. The experience with the laboratory reactor served as basis for the design of a borehole tool which is suitable for the application in natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The borehole tool has a total length of 5120 mm, an outer diameter of 90 mm and weighs ca. 100 kg. First results from field tests at the continental deep drilling site KTB in Windischeschenbach, Germany, confirm that the borehole tool reliably produces heat at depth.