bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic versus Idiopathic Benign Positional Vertigo: Analysis of Disease, Treatment, and Outcome Characteristics
Authors: Luryi Alexander L. , LaRouere Michael , Babu Seilesh , Bojrab Dennis I. , Zappia John , Sargent Eric W. , Schutt Christopher A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics between traumatic and idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) focusing on outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingHigh‐volume tertiary otology center.Subjects and MethodsRecords of patients with BPPV treated at a single institution from 2007 to 2017 were analyzed. Traumatic BPPV was defined as BPPV symptoms beginning within 30 days following head trauma. Patient, disease, treatment, and outcome characteristics were compared between traumatic and idiopathic BPPV groups.ResultsA total of 1378 patients with BPPV were identified, 110 (8%) of which had traumatic BPPV. The overall resolution rate was 76%, and the recurrence rate was 38%. Patients with traumatic BPPV were younger (mean age: 61 vs 65 years, P =. 007) and more likely to be male (40% vs 27%, P =. 004) than patients with idiopathic BPPV. Traumatic BPPV was more likely to affect both ears (32% vs 19%, P =. 009). No significant association was detected between trauma history and resolution rate, recurrence rate, number of treatment visits, or affected semicircular canals.ConclusionPatients with traumatic BPPV are more likely to be young and male than those with idiopathic disease. Although traumatic BPPV is often bilateral, outcomes for traumatic BPPV may be similar to those for idiopathic BPPV, contrary to prior reports.
Postoperative Opioid Use in Sinonasal Surgery
Authors: Locketz Garrett D. , Brant Jason D. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Loftus Patricia A. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Mueller Sarina K. , Orlandi Richard R. , Becker Madeleine , Dorminy Cindy A. , Becker Sophia D. , Blasetti Mariel , Becker Daniel G. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo survey patients following sinonasal surgery regarding postoperative pain and opioid use.Study DesignPatients were surveyed for 4 days following sinus and/or nasal surgery regarding their pain level and use of prescribed opioids.SettingFour academic medical centers and 1 private practice institution.SubjectsConsecutive adult patients undergoing sinonasal surgery.ResultsA total of 219 subjects met criteria and were included for analysis; 134 patients (61%) took 5 or fewer combination oxycodone (5‐mg) and acetaminophen (325‐mg) tablets in the first 3 postoperative days, and 196 patients (89.5%) took fewer than 15. Fifty‐one patients (23%) consumed no opioid pain medication. Opioid consumption was positively correlated with postoperative pain (R2 = 0.2, P <. 01) but was not correlated with the use of acetaminophen (R2 = 0.002, P =. 48). No significant difference in postoperative pain or opioid consumption was seen with respect to age, sex, specific procedures performed, postoperative steroids, or smoking history. Current smokers reported higher average pain than nonsmokers (P <. 001) and also required more postoperative opioids (P =. 02).ConclusionsAn evidence‐based approach to postoperative pain control following sinonasal surgery that reduces the number of unused and potentially diverted opioids is needed. The current study suggests that 15 combination oxycodone (5‐mg) and acetaminophen (325‐mg) tablets provide sufficient pain control for 90% of patients in the immediate postoperative period following sinonasal surgery, irrespective of the specific procedures performed, use of acetaminophen, or use of systemic steroids. Smoking status may help surgeons predict which patients will require larger opioid prescriptions.
Pathologic Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis Amplify Local Inflammatory Signals
Authors: Morrison Robert J. , Katsantonis Nicolas‐George , Motz Kevin M. , Hillel Alexander T. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Netterville James L. , Wootten Christopher T. , Majka Susan M. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Drake Wonder P. , Gelbard Alexander 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize the phenotype and function of fibroblasts derived from airway scar in idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) and to explore scar fibroblast response to interleukin 17A (IL‐17A).Study DesignBasic science.SettingLaboratory.Subjects and MethodsPrimary fibroblast cell lines from iSGS subjects, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subjects, and normal control airways were utilized for analysis. Protein, molecular, and flow cytometric techniques were applied in vitro to assess the phenotype and functional response of disease fibroblasts to IL‐17A.ResultsMechanistically, IL‐17A drives iSGS scar fibroblast proliferation (P <. 01), synergizes with transforming growth factor ß1 to promote extracellular matrix production (collagen and fibronectin; P =. 04), and directly stimulates scar fibroblasts to produce chemokines (chemokine ligand 2) and cytokines (IL‐6 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) critical to the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid cells (P <. 01). Glucocorticoids abrogated IL‐17A‐dependent iSGS scar fibroblast production of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (P =. 02).ConclusionIL‐17A directly drives iSGS scar fibroblast proliferation, synergizes with transforming growth factor ß1 to promote extracellular matrix production, and amplifies local inflammatory signaling. Glucocorticoids appear to partially abrogate fibroblast‐dependent inflammatory signaling. These results offer mechanistic support for future translational study of clinical reagents for manipulation of the IL‐17A pathway in iSGS patients.
The Prevalence of Ultrarapid Metabolizers of Codeine in a Diverse Urban Population
Authors: Virbalas Jordan , Morrow Bernice E. , Reynolds David , Bent John P. , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of ultrarapid metabolizers of codeine among children in an ethnically diverse urban community.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingA tertiary care academic children's hospital in the Bronx, New York.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 256 children with nonsyndromic congenital sensorineural hearing loss were analyzed. DNA was assessed for 63 previously described single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) known to alter the function and expression of theCYP2D6gene primarily responsible for codeine metabolism. The rate of CYP2D6 metabolism was predicted based on participants’ haplotype.ResultsEthnic distribution in the study subjects paralleled recent local census data, with the largest portion (115 children, 45.8%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. A total of 154 children (80.6%) had a haplotype that corresponds to extensive codeine metabolism, 18 children (9.42%) were identified as ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs), and 16 children (8.37%) were intermediate metabolizers. Only 3 children in our cohort (1.57%) were poor metabolizers. Patients identifying as Caucasian or Hispanic had an elevated incidence of UMs (11.3% and 11.2%, respectively) with extensive variability within subpopulations.ConclusionsThe clinically significant rate of ultrarapid metabolizers reinforces safety concerns regarding the use of codeine and related opiates. A patient‐targeted approach using pharmacogenomics may mitigate adverse effects by individualizing the selection and dosing of these analgesics.
Cleft Palates and Occlusal Outcomes in Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Do Julie Bao Anh , Bellerive Audrey , Julien Anne‐Sophie , Leclerc Jacques E. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the dental class occlusion and lateral cephalometry of children with conservatively treated Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and to identify associations between these findings and prepalatoplasty cleft palate measurements.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.Subjects and MethodsAmong 22 patients with PRS, the following data were prospectively collected: demographics and preoperative cleft palate measurements. After patients reached age 6 years, an orthodontist assessed dental occlusion class and performed a lateral cephalometric analysis. PRS cephalometric data were compared with reference population values. Bivariate logistic regression was used to test the association with malocclusion class. Results are presented as odds ratios with 95% profile likelihood confidence intervals. The association between cleft measurements and cephalometric parameters was tested with Spearman's correlation (rs).ResultsAll 22 patients had bimaxillary hypoplasia and were prone to hyperdivergency, with a 41% rate of dental class III malocclusion. An increased anterior growth of the still retrusive mandible mostly accounts for the occurrence of the class III malocclusion in PRS (class II SNB = 74.3° vs class III SNB = 77.6°, P =. 04). A larger cleft at the time of the cleft repair (mean, 11 months) was associated with increased mandibular retrusion (smaller SNB angle, rs = −0.5, P =. 02).ConclusionsThe 41% rate of class III malocclusion among these conservatively treated patients needs to be considered in the choice of the initial airway approach. The future impact of early mandibular advancement will have to be determined.
Cannabidiol regulates the expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-related genes in response to acute restraint stress
Authors: Viudez-Martínez Adrián , García-Gutiérrez María S , Manzanares Jorge 
Published: October 2018

Background: Research interest has grown around the potential therapeutic use of cannabidiol in mood-related disorders, due to its anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. These have been partially attributed to its action as an allosteric modulator of 5-HTR1A. However, the exact mechanism supporting cannabidiol properties remains unclear. Aims: To assess the effects of cannabidiol on different targets of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis under baseline and stress conditions. Methods: We administered cannabidiol (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle to male C57BL/6J mice 90 min before single restraint stress exposure (20 min). Using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we measured alterations in the relative gene expression of corticotropin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus, pro-opiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus, and serotonin 5-HTR1A receptor in the hippocampus and amygdala. Results: Under baseline conditions, cannabidiol did not modify any element of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. In contrast, all doses induced alterations in 5-HTR1A in the amygdala and hippocampus. Interestingly, cannabidiol at low (5 mg/kg) and intermediate doses (15 mg/kg) successfully blocked the effects induced by acute stress on corticotropin-releasing factor, pro-opiomelanocortin and glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. Also, restraint stress induced the opposite effects in 5-HTR1A gene expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, an effect not seen in mice treated with cannabidiol at low doses. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest the ability of cannabidiol to regulate acute stress hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation might be explained, at least in part, by its action on 5-HTR1A receptors.
The Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Filgrastim) in Maintaining Dose Intensity during Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy with Abvd in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Silvestri Federico , Fanin Renato , Velisig Marinella , Barillari Giovanni , Virgolini Luigi , Zaja Francesco , Russo Domenico , Baccarani Michele 
Published: October 2018

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the role and potential benefit of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, Filgrastim), administered following cytotoxic chemotherapy with the ABVD regimen in Hodgkin's disease, in maintaining cycle schedule and dose intensity and in decreasing neutropenia and number of infections. Patients and Methods Twenty-two patients affected by high-risk Hodgkin's disease (14 localized and 8 diffuse), aged 15 to 69 years (median, 34), were given ABVD chemotherapy for a total of 6 courses (for the purpose of this study, each single course of chemotherapy was considered as two 15-day periods). No patient was given G-CSF after the first cycle. After each cycle, G-CSF was administered only for: 1) absolute neutrophil count < 1 × 109/L between cycles; 2) delay in cycle schedule due to an absolute neutrophil count < 1 × 109/L on the planned day of treatment; or 3) fever or a documented infection, regardless the absolute neutrophil count. Once administered, G-CSF was maintained in the subsequent cycles. Results Seventeen of 22 patients (77%) required the administration of G-CSF (5 μg/kg b.w.; a median of 5 doses/cycle); most of them (13/17) before the 5th dose of chemotherapy. The main reason for introducing G-CSF into therapy was neutropenia during the interval between courses (n = 4) or on the planned day of treatment (n = 11). Comparing 112 courses where G-CSF was not administered with 124 where it was, in the latter group we observed: 1) a significantly lower (P = 0.0002) incidence of cycle delays (0 vs 13), with a median delay of 7 days (5 to 11). The main reason for cycle delay was neutropenia (n = 13); 2) a greater dose intensity delivered to the patients while on G-CSF (100% vs 95.2±8.8%; P = 0.0001); 3) an absolute neutrophil count significantly higher at day 8 (P<0.0001) and day 15 (P< 0.0001); 4) a significantly lower (P = 0.0003) incidence of neutropenia (2 vs. 17). No difference in the incidence of infections was observed between the two groups of cycles (P = 0.5889), but the duration and severity of the same were greater during chemotherapy without G-CSF, requiring antibiotic therapy and causing cycle delay. Conclusions In conclusion, our data suggest the use of Filgrastim in Hodgkin's disease also during conventional-dose chemotherapy with ABVD. It is not required from the first dose of therapy, but as soon as neutropenia appears between cycles or on the planned day of treatment. Then, its use allows maintenance of the chemotherapy schedule and dose intensity. It also decreases frequency, duration and severity of neutropenia and its sequelae.
Efficacy of Tropisetron (Navoban®) in Controlling Emesis Induced in Children by Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Rosso Paolo , di Montezemolo Luca Cordero , Vivenza Claudia , Nasi Cristina , Tonello Mauro , Valle Paola , Madon Enrico 
Published: October 2018

Aims and background High doses of metoclopramide are contraindicated to prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis in pediatric patients, since the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions is increased in these patients. The aim of this small study was to evaluate the antiemetic activity and the safety of tropisetron (a new selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors) in children who suffered nausea and vomiting during previous chemotherapy courses, despite the administration of an anxiolytic agent (hydroxyzine hydrochloride). Methods The children with a malignant neoplasm were treated for emesis with tropisetron (5 mg o.a.d. or b.i.d.) during a total of 20 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin combined with other antitumor agents. Results In 14 cycles (70%), there was no vomiting. There were two or less episodes of vomiting in 2 cycles (10%), 3–4 episodes in 2 cycles (10%), and no inhibition of vomiting at all in 2 cycles (10%). In 8 cycles there were no episodes of nausea (40%), in 5 cycles (25%) there were episodes of moderate nausea, and in 4 (20%) there were episodes of severe nausea. One child had a mild headache during one cycle and moderate hypotension during another. Conclusions The results suggest that tropisetron is both efficacious and safe for the treatment of pediatric patients.
Randomized controlled trial of occupational performance coaching for mothers of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ahmadi Kahjoogh Mina , Kessler Dorothy , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Rassafiani Mehdi , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Biglarian Akbar 
Published: October 2018

Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of occupational performance coaching in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Method A randomized controlled trial was used. Thirty mothers of children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to an occupational performance coaching group or control group. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Sherer General Self-efficacy Scale were measured before and after the study. Results Occupational performance coaching had significant effects on participants’ occupational performance and self-efficacy. In child-related goals, there was also a statistically significant difference between two groups ( p = 0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that occupational performance coaching could be an effective intervention to increase the self-efficacy of mothers and improve the occupational performance of children and mothers of children with cerebral palsy. This trial is registered at NCT02915926 at clinicaltrials.gov
Preparing Social Work Students for Interprofessional Team Practice in Health-Care Settings
Authors: Delavega Elena , Neely-Barnes Susan L. , Elswick Susan Elizabeth , Taylor Laura C. , Pettet Fawn Lindsey , Landry Margaret A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This study presents the results of a workforce development initiative focused on preparing master’s-level social work students to work in interprofessional settings and integrated care. The study examines both trainees’ changes in interprofessional skills and attitudes as well as if there were differences in trainee experiences across race and gender. Method: Ninety-nine trainees participated in a training program and completed pre- and posttest measures on attitudes toward interdisciplinary teams and team skills. The team used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine the change in means and interaction effects. Results: Findings suggest that the training helps trainees acquire interdisciplinary team skills. However, results on attitudes toward interdisciplinary teams varied based on race and gender of the trainees. Discussion: Results suggest that there continue to be disparities in the training experiences of social work trainees around race and gender. Future research needs to continue to focus on this issue.
Effects of Physical Activity Intervention for Chinese People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Young Daniel , Ng Petrus Yat-Nam , Cheng Daphne , Hong Leung Chun 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention model for people with severe mental illness in a Chinese society. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. In addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU), the treatment group ( n = 52) participated in a supervised jogging activity twice a week for a total of eight sessions, followed by four sessions of psychoeducation on nutrition and personal appearance. The control group ( n = 42) received TAU. Standardized assessment tools were used for the outcomes assessment at pre- and posttreatment. Results: 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of covariance demonstrated that the treatment group was significantly more effective than the control group in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: This study supports the effectiveness of a PA intervention model in a Chinese society, suggesting the importance of incorporating regular physical exercises into community-based mental health services.
Talent Development in Emerging Economies Through Learning and Development Capacity Building
Authors: Muyia Machuma Helen , Wekullo Caroline S. , Nafukho Fredrick M. 
Published: October 2018

The Problem It has been argued correctly that of all the resources that nations are endowed with including physical resources such as land, gas, oil, mineral resources, and financial resources, the most durable resource is people. It is also a truism that regions endowed with large populations such as Brazil, China, and India are now emerging nations with very strong and growing economies. As the world of work changes globally, the demand for talent development is becoming one of the greatest opportunities for profit and nonprofit organizations in emerging economies such as Kenya. Africa with its young and educated population and its competition for talent poses both opportunities and challenges as the continent tries to address this critical component. Nowhere is this opportunity for talent development (TD) more urgent than in Kenya. The Solution Given the rising of Africa’s youth population and the need to develop talent in this region of the world, there is no easy or ready-made solution to guide human resource development (HRD) researchers and practitioners and policy makers in developing and optimally utilizing Africa’s best resource—its people. However, this article seeks to demonstrate how strategic planning and provision of quality education are the best form of intervention for TD in Africa. The fact that individuals have talent is not sufficient, hence the importance of developing talent through learning. Thus, learning requires well-designed quality education and training programs that can lead to people being open to new ideas and a disposition to question what people already know. This is even more seminal especially in the fast-changing technology-controlled workplace. The Stakeholders Human resource officers, learning and development officers, Directors of Human Resource Management, HRD researchers, HRD practitioners.
Analysis of the Human Immune Repertoire using Human Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Cote R.J. 
Published: October 2018

The investigations of the human immune response to cancer and other diseases have been hampered by the difficulty in determining the specificity of low-titered antibodies in serum, and the inability to define the specificity of individual lymphocytes. In order to study these issues, we developed the hybridoma technology so that human monoclonal antibodies (hMAb) could be reliably and reproducibly obtained. Using a variety of fusion partners of both mouse and human origin, a large number of human immunoglobulin-secreting hybrids have been generated. We have found that 5 to 10% of the hybridomas produced secrete hMAb reactive with antigens (Ag) expressed by human cells. Specificity analysis and cellular localization studies of the Ag have been performed for a large number of these hMAb, and several general points have emerged from our study: (A) A significant proportion of the evaluable B-cell repertoire is directed to the production of antibodies reactive with Ags expressed by human cells. (B) The great majority of these Ags have an intracellular location, and are broadly distributed, being expressed by both normal and malignant cells. (C) Intracellular and cell surface differentiation Ags and other Ags with restricted distribution have been defined by hMAb, including a series of cell surface and intracellular Ags not detected on normal cells. (D) The relationship of these findings to cancer is unclear as hMAb showing distinctive distributions have been generated from the lymphocytes of normal individuals as well as tumor-bearing patients. (E) hMAb with distributions distinct from any known mouse monoclonal antibodies (mMAb) have been obtained. These reagents may hold great promise for antibody-directed in vivo diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other diseases due to their unique specificity and decreased immunogenicity compared with mMAb.