bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care urine culture for managing urinary tract infection in primary care: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Butler Christopher C , Francis Nick A , Thomas-Jones Emma , Longo Mirella , Wootton Mandy , Llor Carl , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Bates Janine , Pickles Timothy , Kirby Nigel , Gillespie David , Rumsby Kate , Brugman Curt , Gal Micaela , Hood Kerenza , Verheij Theo 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe effectiveness of using point-of-care (POC) urine culture in primary care on appropriate antibiotic use is unknown.AimTo assess whether use of the Flexicult™ SSI-Urinary Kit, which quantifies bacterial growth and determines antibiotic susceptibility at the point of care, achieves antibiotic use that is more often concordant with laboratory culture results, when compared with standard care.Design and settingIndividually randomised trial of females with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in primary care research networks (PCRNs) in England, the Netherlands, Spain, and Wales.MethodMultilevel regression compared outcomes between the two groups while controlling for clustering.ResultsIn total, 329 participants were randomised to POC testing (POCT) and 325 to standard care, and 324 and 319 analysed. Fewer females randomised to the POCT arm than those who received standard care were prescribed antibiotics at the initial consultation (267/324 [82.4%] versus 282/319 [88.4%], odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.88). Clinicians indicated the POCT result changed their management for 190/301 (63.1%). Despite this, there was no statistically significant difference between study arms in antibiotic use that was concordant with laboratory culture results (primary outcome) at day 3 (39.3% POCT versus 44.1% standard care, OR 0.84, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.20), and there was no evidence of any differences in recovery, patient enablement, UTI recurrences, re-consultation, antibiotic resistance, and hospitalisations at follow-up. POCT culture was not cost-effective.ConclusionPoint-of-care urine culture was not effective when used mainly to adjust immediate antibiotic prescriptions. Further research should evaluate use of the test to guide initiation of ‘delayed antibiotics’.
Sensitivity of the radiative forcing by stratospheric sulfur geoengineering to the amount and strategy of the SO2injection studied with the LMDZ-S3A model
Authors: Kleinschmitt Christoph , Boucher Olivier , Platt Ulrich 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The enhancement of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer has been proposed
as a method of geoengineering to abate global warming. Previous modelling
studies found that stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) could
effectively compensate for the warming by greenhouse gases on the global scale,
but also that the achievable cooling effect per sulfur mass unit, i.e. the
forcing efficiency, decreases with increasing injection rate. In this study
we use the atmospheric general circulation model LMDZ with the sectional
aerosol module S3A to determine how the forcing efficiency depends on the
injected amount of SO2, the injection height, and the spatio-temporal
pattern of injection. We find that the forcing efficiency may decrease more
drastically for larger SO2 injections than previously estimated. As
a result, the net instantaneous radiative forcing does not exceed the limit
of –2 W m−2 for continuous equatorial SO2 injections
and it decreases (in absolute value) for injection rates larger than
20 Tg S yr−1. In contrast to other studies, the net radiative
forcing in our experiments is fairly constant with injection height (in
a range 17 to 23 km) for a given amount of SO2 injected.
Also,
spreading the SO2 injections between 30∘ S and
30∘ N or injecting only seasonally from varying latitudes does not
result in a significantly larger (i.e. more negative) radiative forcing.
Other key characteristics of our simulations include a consequent
stratospheric heating, caused by the absorption of solar and infrared radiation
by the aerosol, and changes in stratospheric dynamics, with a collapse of the
quasi-biennial oscillation at larger injection rates, which has impacts on
the resulting spatial aerosol distribution, size, and optical properties. But
it has to be noted that the complexity and uncertainty of stratospheric
processes cause considerable disagreement among different modelling studies
of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering. This may be addressed through
detailed model intercomparison activities, as observations to constrain the
simulations of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering are not available and
analogues (such as volcanic eruptions) are imperfect.
“ORQUESTRA QUE CONTA HISTÓRIAS”: AGRUPAÇÃO TEATRAL AMACACA
Authors: Leite Cristina Aparecida , Ribeiro Cláudia Moreira , Rosa Maria Lúcia da Silva 
Published: February 2018

Este artigo expõe o resultado de observações do processo criativo do Grupo ATA – Agrupação Teatral Amacaca, dirigido por Hugo Rodas. Foram feitas doze observações de ensaios, num período de dois meses, com registros em fotos e vídeos, além de anotações sobre o trabalho observado, elementos que formaram uma metodologia de pesquisa em Artes Cênicas, a partir dos materiais coletados no próprio processo criativo. Frente à realidade observada, alguns eixos norteadores emergiram, como: a improvisação, a oralidade e a musicalidade, sobre os quais iremos discorrer neste texto. Para este diálogo entre a teoria e a prática, trazemos as vozes de: Artaud (2003), Barba (1994), Fortuna (2000), Grotowski (1992), Mauss (1994), Stanislavski (1983), dentre outros.
A TÉCNICA CORPORAL NA DANÇA: REDIMENSIONAMENTOS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS
Authors: Andreoli Giuliano Souza 
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo, demarco uma área de debate dentro do campo teórico da dança, organizando um pensamento em torno da questão do corpo na sua dimensão técnico-criativa. Abordo o conceito de “técnicas corporais” de Marcel Mauss e aponto articulações entre este autor e o debate sobre o sujeito na teoria cultural contemporânea. Em seguida, critico alguns dos enunciados presentes no discurso pedagógico da dança na atualidade, onde procuro denunciar a tendência a certas oposições binárias entre reprodução/criação e condicionamento/liberdade.
Anmeldelse af: Lars Albinus, Religion as a philosophical matter – concerns about truth, name and habitation
Authors: Olesen Jens-Peter Noes 
Published: February 2018

Anmeldelse af: Lars Albinus, Religion as a philosophical matter – concerns about truth, name and habitation, de Gruyter open 2016, 249 s., hardcover £ 107, kan downloades gratis på www.degruyter.com
Impact of parents’ physical activity on preschool children’s physical activity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Chang , Quan Minghui , Zhang Hanbin , Zhou Chenglin , Chen PeiJie 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This study examined the associations of physical activity levels between parents and their pre-school children based on gender and weekday/weekend.

Method
A total of 247 parent-preschool child triads from Shanghai, China were analyzed. The children had a mean age of 57.5 ± 5.2 months. Both sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured in all participants using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer over seven consecutive days from Monday through the following Sunday. A multivariate regression model was derived to identify significant relationships between parental and child physical activity according to gender and weekday/weekend.

Results
There was a significant correlation between mothers’ and girls’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) on weekdays. Fathers’ MPVA levels correlated significantly with those of boys and girls, with paternal influence appearing to be stronger than maternal influence. However, there was not a significant correlation between fathers’ and children’s TPA. TPA levels of both mothers and fathers correlated with those of girls, but not with those of boys. Parental sedentary levels on the weekend correlated significantly with girls’ levels, but not with boys’ levels. Children’s physical activity levels on weekends were influenced more by fathers’ activity levels than by mothers’, while the opposite was observed on weekdays.

Conclusion
Sedentary behavior and physical activity levels of parents can strongly influence those of their preschool children, with maternal influence stronger during the weekdays and paternal influence stronger on the weekends. Parents’ activity levels influence girls’ levels more strongly than they influence boys’ levels.
Tsunami Scenarios Based on Interseismic Models Along the Nankai Trough, Japan, From Seafloor and Onshore Geodesy
Authors: Watanabe Shun‐ichi , Bock Yehuda , Melgar Diego , Tadokoro Keiichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe recent availability of Global Positioning System‐Acoustic seafloor geodetic observations enables us to resolve the spatial distribution of the slip deficit rate near the Nankai trough, southwestern Japan. Considering a tectonic block model and the transient deformation due to the major earthquakes in this area, the slip deficit rate between the two relevant blocks can be estimated. In this study, we remove the time‐dependent postseismic deformation of the 2004 southeastern off the Kii Peninsula earthquakes (MJMA 7.1, 7.4), which had led to the underestimation of the slip deficit rate in earlier studies. We model the postearthquake viscoelastic relaxation using the 3D finite element model with bi‐viscous Burgers rheology, as well as the afterslip on the finite faults. The corrected Global Positioning System‐Acoustic and land‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems data are aligned to the existing tectonic model and used to estimate the slip deficit rate on the plate boundary. We then calculate the coseismic displacements and tsunami wave propagation with the simple assumption that a hundred years of constant slip deficit accumulation was released instantaneously. To evaluate the influence of uncertainties in the plate interface geometry on a tsunami model for the Nankai trough, we investigated two different geometries and performed checkerboard inversion simulations. Although the two models indicate roughly similar results, the peak height of the tsunami wave and its arrival time at several points are significantly different in terms of the expected hazard.
Observations of Isocyanate, Amide, Nitrate, and Nitro Compounds From an Anthropogenic Biomass Burning Event Using a ToF‐CIMS
Authors: Priestley Michael , Le Breton Michael , Bannan Thomas J. , Leather Kimberly E. , Bacak Asan , Reyes‐Villegas Ernesto , De Vocht Frank , Shallcross Beth M. A. , Brazier Toby , Anwar Khan M. , Allan James , Shallcross Dudley E. , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic biomass burning is poorly represented in models due to a lack of observational data but represents a significant source of short‐lived toxic gases. Guy Fawkes Night (bonfire night) is a regular UK‐wide event where open fires are lit and fireworks are set off on 5 November. Previous gas phase studies of bonfire night focus on persistent organic pollutants primarily using off‐line techniques. Here the first simultaneous online gas phase measurements of several classes of compounds including isocyanates, amides, nitrates, and nitro‐organics are made during bonfire night (2014) in Manchester, UK, using a time‐of‐flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF‐CIMS) using iodide reagent ions. A shallow boundary layer and low wind speeds favor pollutant buildup with typical HCN, HNCO, and CH3NCO concentrations of tens of parts per thousand increasing by a factor of 13 to potentially harmful levels >1 ppb. Normalized excess mixing ratios relative to CO for a range of isocyanates and amides are reported for the first time. Using a HNCO:CO ratio of 0.1%, we distinguish emissions from flaming and smoldering combustion and report more accurate normalized excess mixing ratios for the distinct burning phases. While bonfire night is a highly polluting event, NO2 concentrations measured at this location are higher at other times, highlighting the importance of traffic as an NO2 emission source at this location. A risk communication methodology is used to equate enhancements in hourly averaged black carbon and NO2 concentrations caused by bonfire night as an equivalent of 26.1 passively smoked cigarettes.
Uncommon Aggregation‐Induced Emission Molecular Materials with Highly Planar Conformations
Authors: Yang Lei , Ye Pan , Li Wenqiang , Zhang Weijie , Guan Qian , Ye Chen , Dong Tao , Wu Xiaoxi , Zhao Weijun , Gu Xinggui , Peng Qian , Tang Benzhong , Huang Hui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNumerous luminogenic molecules with twist/rotor structures have showed pronounced aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect, while planar conjugated molecules usually exhibit aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) characteristics. However, development of emissive organic molecules with planar conformations is beneficial to achieving nanomaterials with high photostability for biological applications. Herein, six analogous planar molecules that show completely contrast emission behavior. 1,2‐Di(2‐thienyl)‐ethene, 1,2‐di(2‐selenophenyl)‐ethene, and (E)‐1,2‐bis(thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)ethene molecules show common ACQ effect, while the planar (E)‐1,2‐diethyoxy‐1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethene (TVT(OEt)), (E)‐1,2‐diethyoxy‐1,2‐di(selenophen‐2‐yl)ethene (SVS(OEt)), and (E)‐1,2‐diethyoxy‐1,2‐di(thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)ethene (TTVTT(OEt)) molecules are highly emissive in the solid state, exhibiting interesting AIE behavior. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the photoisomerization is responsible for the unusual AIE activity of TVT(OEt), SVS(OEt), and TTVTT(OEt). Furthermore, the AIE TTVTT(OEt)‐based nanomaterials exhibit specific imaging of lipid droplets with excellent photostability. The ease with this strategy paves a novel way for creating emissive molecular materials with planar conformations for biological and other applications.
Emergency Medicine Trainee Burnout Is Associated With Lower Patients’ Satisfaction With Their Emergency Department Care
Authors: Lu Dave W. , Weygandt Paul Logan , Pinchbeck Carrie , Strout Tania D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) physicians and trainees report high levels of burnout. Burnout negatively impacts physician well‐being and career satisfaction but it remains unclear how burnout may influence patient care. We examined the degree to which EM trainee burnout at one institution was associated with patients’ satisfaction with their emergency department (ED) care.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, pilot study conducted at a single institution, we measured EM trainee burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory through a confidential, electronic survey. We subsequently linked individual trainee burnout results with their individual Press Ganey (PG) ED patient satisfaction scores. We compared burnout scores across sex and postgraduate year using chi‐square tests and PG results via analysis of variance.ResultsTwenty‐seven of 53 (50.9%) eligible EM trainees completed the burnout assessment. Trainees reported an overall burnout rate of 77.8% (95% confidence interval = 59.2%–89.4%). There were no significant differences in burnout based on sex (p = 0.888) or postgraduate year (p = 0.671). Trainee burnout was significantly associated with lower trainee‐specific PG scores, including patient ratings of resident physician courtesy (p = 0.011), taking the time to listen (p = 0.004), keeping informed of treatment (p = 0.014), and concern for patient comfort (p = 0.006). There was no significant association between trainee burnout and patients’ overall likelihood to recommend the ED to others (p = 0.364).ConclusionEmergency medicine trainee burnout is associated with lower trainee‐specific PG ED patient satisfaction scores across all four physician domains. In addition to its detrimental impact on physician wellness, burnout may play a significant adverse role in patients’ perceptions of their ED providers’ interpersonal and communication skills.
A point mutation in Phe71Ser in glycoprotein IX as a genetic cause of Bernard–Soulier syndrome: case report
Authors: Alsahafi Imtinan K. , Al‐Harbi Ibrahim , Aldor Shahad M. , Albarakati Bilqis A. , Alahmadi Ghaida B. 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe need to be aware of rare causes of persistent thrombocytopenia as Bernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS). When BSS is suspected based on family history and giant platelets, genetic test for mutations of GPIbIXV is necessary. Management varies once you recognize the cause. Platelets transfusion and antifibrinolytics are the mainstay of therapy.
Unusual presentation of oral pyogenic granulomas: a review of two cases
Authors: Parajuli Ramesh , Maharjan Sushna 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessagePyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular neoplasm of the oral cavity that usually presents as a small nodular lesion, the gingiva being the commonest site. Occasionally it occurs at uncommon sites with unusual sizes. Here we describe two cases of oral pyogenic granulomas that had an unusual presentation.
Successful management of extremely high‐output refractory congenital chylothorax with chemical pleurodesis using 4% povidone–iodine and propranolol: a case report
Authors: Borcyk Kathleen , Kamil Ammar , Hagerty Kristine , Deer Melissa , Tomich Paul , Anderson Berry Ann L. 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageFirst‐line therapy for congenital chylothorax is conservative treatment. However, surgical intervention or chemical pleurodesis is required for refractory cases. With all the concerns regarding its complications, povidone–iodin provided a successful management for a high‐output congenital chylothorax. However, renal and thyroid function must be monitored during treatment.
Chromatic adaptation in a 2D photograph demonstrated by a D‐up viewer
Authors: Phuangsuwan C. , Ikeda M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is said that we cannot have color constancy in a photograph. The concept of recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) asserts that chromatic adaptation occurs when one perceives the illumination that is filling a space and not the objects in the space. It predicts then that if one perceives a 3D scene in a photograph, then color constancy will occur in the photograph. In this work, a dimension‐up (D‐up) viewer was developed to perceive a 3D scene on a 2D photograph, and the effect of chromatic adaptation was measured by the color appearance of a gray patch placed at the center of the photograph. Subjects saw the patch as a vivid color when they saw a photograph that had been taken under colored illumination, which is a normal experience in a real space observation. When the color appearance was measured by the elementary color naming method, the amount of chromaticness of the patch in percentage and the apparent hue were very similar to those observed in the 2‐room technique, thus confirming the prediction by the RVSI theory.
Cysteamine Capped Silver Nanoparticles and Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Coated on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous Analysis of Hydroquinone and Catechol
Authors: Butwong Nutthaya , Srijaranai Supalax , Glennon Jeremy D. , Luong John H. T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA stable complex of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped by cysteamine (Cst) together with single‐walled carbon nanotube (CNTs) was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). The resulting electrode (AgCst‐CNTs/GCE) showed excellent electrocatalysis and reversibility towards this electroactive pair. The peak separations of their oxidation‐reduction peaks decreased significantly, compared with those of the unmodified GCE. The signal responses of the AgCst‐CNTs/GCE were 5‐fold higher while its peak potential separation remained unchanged (ca. 130 mV), compared to the CNTs‐modified GCE. The oxidation peak currents obtained for HQ and CT exhibited linearly from submicromolar to hundred micromolar concentrations without any cross‐interference. The modified electrode possessed a very large active surface area with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 10 and 40 nM for HQ and CT, respectively. The sensor was demonstrated for the analysis of river water and topical cream as evinced by high accuracy and reproducibility.
Synthesis of cyclic carbonate via the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxide at ambient pressure
Authors: Hu Zongxiao , Fan Guozhi , Wang Yuexin , Li Jianfen , Song Guangsen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCyclic carbonates were synthesized via the coupling reaction of CO2 with epoxides at ambient pressure. The reaction of atmospheric pressure CO2 with styrene oxide (SO) was selected as the model reaction. The coupling reaction was investigated by varying a simple catalytic system composed of Lewis acid and quaternary ammonium salt, molar ratio of catalyst to substrate, solvent, and temperature. The yield of styrene carbonate (SC) reached 91.5% in the presence of ZnBr2/Bu4NBr at p(CO2)° = 0.1 MPa and 100°C for 4 h. The coupling reactions between CO2 and a series of substrates including aliphatic and aromatic epoxides were also performed efficiently. Yields of cyclic carbonates in the range of 76.4–93.2% were achieved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Survival for adolescents living withHIV: doSDG‐aligned provisions reduce potential mortality risk?
Authors: Cluver Lucie , Pantelic Marija , Orkin Mark , Toska Elona , Medley Sally , Sherr Lorraine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a groundbreaking global development agenda to protect the most vulnerable. Adolescents living withHIVin Sub‐Saharan Africa continue to experience extreme health vulnerabilities, but we know little about the impacts ofSDG‐aligned provisions on their health. This study tests associations of provisions aligned with fiveSDGs with potential mortality risks.MethodsClinical and interview data were gathered from N = 1060 adolescents living withHIVin rural and urban South Africa in 2014 to 2015. AllART‐initiated adolescents from 53 government health facilities were identified, and traced in their communities to include those defaulting and lost‐to‐follow‐up. Potential mortality risk was assessed as either: viral suppression failure (1000+ copies/ml) using patient file records, or adolescent self‐report of diagnosed but untreated tuberculosis or symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis.SDG‐aligned provisions were measured through adolescent interviews. Provisions aligned withSDGs 1&2 (no poverty and zero hunger) were operationalized as access to basic necessities, social protection and food security; AnSDG3‐aligned provision (ensure healthy lives) was having a healthy primary caregiver; AnSDG8‐aligned provision (employment for all) was employment of a household member; AnSDG16‐aligned provision (protection from violence) was protection from physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Research partners included the South African national government,UNICEFand Pediatric and Adolescent Treatment for Africa.Results20.8% of adolescents living withHIVhad potential mortality risk – i.e. viral suppression failure, symptomatic untreatedTB, or both. AllSDG‐aligned provisions were significantly associated with reduced potential mortality risk:SDG1&2 (OR0.599CI0.361 to 0.994);SDG3 (OR0.577CI0.411 to 0.808);SDG8 (OR0.602CI0.440 to 0.823) andSDG16 (OR0.686CI0.505 to 0.933). Access to multipleSDG‐aligned provisions showed a strongly graded reduction in potential mortality risk: Among adolescents living withHIV, potential mortality risk was 38.5% with access to noSDG‐aligned provisions, and 9.3% with access to all four.ConclusionsSDG‐aligned provisions across a range ofSDGs were associated with reduced potential mortality risk among adolescents living withHIV. Access to multiple provisions has the potential to substantially improve survival, suggesting the value of connecting and combiningSDGs in our response to paediatric and adolescentHIV.