bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pain score measured by a visual analog scale (PS‐VAS) on the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and 28‐joint Disease Activity Index with C‐reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Yoshii Ichiro , Chijiwa Tatsumi , Sawada Naoya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPain is a serious burden for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the effect on Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) and 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) has not been presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate them in a case series.MethodsThree hundred and eighty‐two RA patients who were treated for more than 5 years were studied. The parameters assessed included average value of the DAS28 with C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP), the HAQ‐DI score, the Sharp/van der Heijde Score (SvdHS), age, and the pain score measured by a visual analog scale (PS‐VAS). Relationships among these factors and the relationships between the HAQ‐DI score and the other factors, and the relationships between the change in HAQ‐DI scores and the changes in other factors were evaluated statistically with multivariate linear regression analysis. The effect of PS‐VAS on HAQ‐DI was compared with that of DAS28‐CRP on the overlapping data of each parameter.ResultsHAQ‐DI demonstrated significant positive correlations with all parameters. However, PS‐VAS demonstrated a stronger effect than DAS28‐CRP, also demonstrated without overlapping data. After minimizing the effects of DAS28‐CRP, age and SvdHS, there was a significant correlation between HAQ‐DI and PS‐VAS in all analyses. The change in HAQ‐DI demonstrated a significant correlation with the change in PS‐VAS.ConclusionsThese results suggested that HAQ‐DI is deeply influenced by PS‐VAS. The effect of DAS28‐CRP overlapped with the effect of PS‐VAS in a major way. Pain control for RA patients is the most important factor contributing to activities of daily living, as well as disease activity control.
Ex‐post moral hazard in prevented planting
Authors: Kim Taehoo , Kim Man‐Keun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the existence of moral hazard in prevented planting (PP) in the United States. The PP provision is defined as the “failure to plant an insured crop by the final planting date due to adverse events.” If the farmer decides not to plant a crop, the farmer receives a PP indemnity. Late planting (LP) is an option for farmers to plant a crop while maintaining crop insurance after the final planting date. Crop insurance may alter farmers’ behavior in selecting PP or LP and could increase the likelihood of PP claims even though farmers can choose LP. This study finds evidence that a farmer with higher insurance coverage tends to choose PP more often (ex‐post moral hazard). Spatial panel models attest to the existence of the ex‐post moral hazard in PP empirically. Empirical results show that the PP ratio has a positive relationship with insurance coverage in the case of corn production.
Mental health literacy among Nigerian teachers
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , Dim Obinna Felix , Anene‐Okeke Chigozie Gloria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionTeachers are frontline professionals who have daily contact with children and are therefore most likely to have the biggest impact on their students. Findings in this study should inform the development of teacher training programs, and more broadly, assist in the success of a strategic plan addressing mental health in classrooms. This study aims to assess mental health literacy among teachers with focus on their knowledge of depression.MethodsThe study was a cross‐sectional descriptive survey conducted among teachers in five secondary schools (high school) in southeast Nigeria. All consenting teachers were recruited, making a total of 120 participants. The participants were presented with a questionnaire designed to elicit the participants' recognition of the disorder depicted in two vignettes and their recommendation about the appropriate source of help seeking. One vignette was of a clinically depressed case while the other vignette was about a girl undergoing normal life crisis.ResultsOut of the 120 teachers recruited into the study, 104 questionnaires were adequately completed indicating a response rate of 86.7%. A total of 16.3% (n = 17) participants correctly identified and labeled the depression vignette. Only 14 teachers (13.5%) recommended professional help from a psychiatrist or psychologist. Diminished ability to concentrate was the most identified symptom of distress for depression (30.8%). Counsellors were the most recommended source of help.DiscussionMental health literacy was poor among the teachers surveyed. There is an urgent need to improve mental health literacy among teachers in Nigeria.
A new method to measure and decrease the online social networking addiction
Authors: Esmaeili Rad Mahsa , Ahmadi Farid 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe online social networking addiction is a type of technology addiction that can lead to distraction, depression, anxiety, and lower academic performance. In this research, an android mobile application was designed based on the previous literature as well as authors' previous works to measure and decrease social networking addiction level.MethodsThis research is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were the students in Urmia University of Technology. The mobile application was designed and sent to 100 (35 males and 65 females) students randomly as an intervention group and was sent to 100 (38 males and 62 females) students randomly as a control group. In order to evaluate the efficacy of treatment, data were collected before and after 2‐week treatment.ResultsThe results indicated that the designed mobile application can measure the online social networking addiction level with online social networking addiction scale, it can also decrease the online social networking addiction, depression, anxiety level, and the time spent on online social networks, and it can improve the sleep quality and life satisfaction level.DiscussionTherefore, the designed mobile application can be used as an appropriate instrument to measure and decrease the online social networking addiction level of college students.
Trends in suicide methods by age group
Authors: Demir Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the trends in suicide methods by age group in Turkey.MethodSecondary data on suicide from 2007 to 2015 were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The direct standardization method was used to calculate suicide rates. Correlation test was used to show the trends in suicide methods by age.ResultsStatistically significant changes in suicide methods were seen for persons aged 15 to 24 years and 25 to 44 years, where jumping increased; among persons aged 15 to 24 years, cutting/burning decreased.DiscussionThe most popular suicide method is jumping.
Development of a carbon calculator tool for riparian forest restoration
Authors: Matzek Virginia , Stella John , Ropion Pearce 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAim(s)Methods for estimating carbon sequestration in riparian forest biomass are needed to qualify riparian restoration and conservation projects for funding through carbon credits. As part of a proposed accounting methodology for California's cap‐and‐trade system, we described five riparian vegetation associations and created a tool to predict their rates of carbon accumulation under different restoration and land‐use scenarios.LocationCalifornia, USA.MethodsWe assembled a database of 654 forest inventory plots of known age (3–108 years) from replanted and naturally recruiting California riparian forests. We then used detrended correspondence analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering to detect vegetation structure in the plots and delineate distinct forest types. We used allometric equations to estimate biomass from individual trees’ diameters and calculate total biomass for each plot. Next, we fitted sigmoid growth functions to the plot biomass data to generate expected values for live‐tree biomass over a 100‐year period for each forest type. Finally, we created an algorithm to match user‐inputted data for an intended restoration project with a look‐up table that predicts carbon accumulation appropriate to the user's scenario.ResultsCalifornia riparian vegetation was divided into willow scrub, cottonwood–willow, mixed riparian, upland riparian and riparian woodland types. Total carbon sequestration in riparian vegetation and soil varied from 75.7 to 137.4 Mg C/ha at 30 years post‐restoration and from 95.1 to 175.8 Mg C/ha 100 years after stand initiation. Vegetation types dominated by taller, more shade‐tolerant trees developed more slowly than scrubby and pioneer stands, but came to a higher maximum biomass. Our models put riparian biomass accumulation in the range of the few extant literature values for mediterranean systems, but uncertainties are high, and soil carbon may be underestimated.ConclusionsOur workflow and methods should be transferable to the development of carbon accounting tools for any other woody vegetation type. However, our difficulty in finding appropriate published data for the analysis suggests a critical need for field surveys appropriate to biomass estimation in woodland and forest communities not exploited for timber. The most important measurements are the age of the stand and a census of tree species, height and diameter.
Human disturbance promotes herbivory by leaf‐cutting ants in the Caatinga dry forest
Authors: Siqueira Felipe F. S. , Ribeiro‐Neto José Domingos , Tabarelli Marcelo , Andersen Alan N. , Wirth Rainer , Leal Inara R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances are known to modify plant–animal interactions such as those involving the leaf‐cutting ants, the most voracious and proliferating herbivore across human‐modified landscapes in the Neotropics. Here, we evaluate the effect of chronic anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., firewood collection, livestock grazing) and vegetation seasonality on foraging area, foliage availability in the foraging area, leaf consumption and herbivory rate of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta opaciceps in the semiarid Caatinga, a mosaic of dry forest and scrub vegetation in northeast Brazil. Contrary to our initial expectation, the foraging area was not affected by either disturbance intensity or the interaction between season and disturbance intensity. However, leaf consumption and herbivory rate were higher in more disturbed areas. We also found a strong effect of seasonality, with higher leaf consumption and herbivory rate in the dry season. Our results suggest that the foraging ecology of leaf‐cutting ants is modulated by human disturbance and seasonality as these two drivers affect the spectrum and the amount of resources available for these ants in the Caatinga. Despite the low productivity of Caatinga vegetation, the annual rates of biomass consumption by A. opaciceps are similar to those reported from other leaf‐cutting ants in rain forests and savannas. This is made possible by maintaining high foraging activity even in the peak of the dry season and taking benefit from any resource available, including low‐quality items. Such compensation highlights the adaptive capacity of LCA to persist or even proliferate in human‐modified landscapes from dry to rain forests.
The impact of hurricanes Irma and Maria on the forest ecosystems of Saba and St. Eustatius, northern Caribbean
Authors: Eppinga Maarten B. , Pucko Carolyn A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn September 2017, Irma became the first recorded category 5 hurricane to hit the Caribbean Windward Islands. The second category 5, Maria, followed two weeks later. In November 2017, we assessed the structural impact of this disturbance on highly valued Caribbean forest ecosystems. We recorded the status of 935 tree stems on Saba and St. Eustatius in stands at different elevations. Tree damage was substantial on both islands, with 93 percent of stems being defoliated, 84 percent having lost primary and/or secondary branches and 36 percent having structural stem damage. Average tree mortality was 18 percent, with mortality being nearly twice as high on St. Eustatius than on Saba. Surprisingly, we found that neither individual stem size nor community size distributions mediated the forests’ response to the hurricanes. Our results show that these hurricanes comprised a density‐independent disturbance, which may become more common as the frequency of strong hurricanes is projected to increase.
Associations of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adulthood in a U.S. nationally representative sample
Authors: Thompson Martie P. , Kingree J. B. , Lamis Dorian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. The current study extends the research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to suicidal behaviors by testing these associations using a nationally representative sample, assessing for suicide ideation and attempts in adulthood, controlling for established risk factors for suicidality, and measuring a broad array of ACEs.MethodsThe sample included 9,421 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who participated in four waves of assessments spanning 13 years. We examined longitudinal associations between eight different ACEs (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, parental death, incarceration, alcoholism, and family suicidality) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood, while controlling for depression, problem alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, impulsivity, gender, race, age, and urbanicity. We also tested for cumulative associations of ACEs with suicide ideation and attempts.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, parental incarceration, and family history of suicidality each increased the risk by 1.4 to 2.7 times for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood. The accumulation of ACEs increased the odds of suicide ideation and attempts. Compared with those with no ACEs, the odds of seriously considering suicide or attempting suicide in adulthood increased more than threefold among those with three or more ACEs.ConclusionsIntervention strategies need to prevent ACEs from occurring and, if they do occur, should take into account the impact of cumulative ACEs on suicide risk. Future research should focus on identifying mediating mechanisms for the ACEs‐suicidality association using longitudinal research designs and determine which ACEs are most important to include in a cumulative ACE measure.
The effect of cause, timing, kidney function recovery, and recurrent events on the prognosis of acute kidney injury in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: van Dijk Tuvya Y. , Rahamimov Ruth , Chagnac Avry , van Dijk David J. , Mor Eytan , Shlomai Amir , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its common etiologies in kidney transplant recipients and the effect of AKI's characteristics on graft survival.MethodsIn a retrospective longitudinal cohort study, all serum creatinine (SCr) values of patients that had kidney transplantation between 01/2002‐12/2010 were retrieved. AKI was defined as a 50% increase in SCr. Etiologies, recurrence, timing, and kidney function dynamics during the event were evaluated. The primary endpoint was defined as graft loss. Time‐varying Cox model was used for the analysis.ResultsOf 659 patients, 208 (31.6%) patients had 321 documented AKI events. Of these, 138 (66.4%) patients had one event, and 70 (33.6%) patients had recurrent events. The leading etiologies of the first AKI event were as follows: infection (33.4%), hypovolemia (14.3%), and unknown etiology (16.8%). Both first and recurrent AKI events were associated with an increased risk of graft loss (HR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.95‐3.89) and (HR: 4.54, 95% CI: 2.59‐7.93), respectively. This deleterious association was lower within three months after transplantation, compared to later events. Patients in whom kidney function returned to baseline were less prone to graft loss.ConclusionsLate‐onset, incomplete recovery, and recurrent AKI events are associated with increased graft loss.
Children's biobehavioral reactivity to challenge predicts DNA methylation in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Goodman Sarah J. , Roubinov Danielle S. , Bush Nicole R. , Park Mina , Farré Pau , Emberly Eldon , Hertzman Clyde , Essex Marilyn J. , Kobor Michael S. , Boyce W. Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA growing body of research has documented associations between adverse childhood environments and DNA methylation, highlighting epigenetic processes as potential mechanisms through which earlyexternalcontexts influence health across the life course. The present study tested a complementary hypothesis: indicators of children's earlyinternal, biological, and behavioral responses to stressful challenges may also be linked to stable patterns of DNA methylation later in life. Children's autonomic nervous system reactivity, temperament, and mental health symptoms were prospectively assessed from infancy through early childhood, and principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to derive composites of biological and behavioral reactivity. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from participants at 15 and 18 years of age. Findings revealed an association between early life biobehavioral inhibition/disinhibition and DNA methylation across many genes. Notably, reactive, inhibited children were found to have decreased DNA methylation of theDLX5andIGF2genes at both time points, as compared to non‐reactive, disinhibited children. Results of the present study are provisional but suggest that the gene's profile of DNA methylation may constitute a biomarker of normative or potentially pathological differences in reactivity. Overall, findings provide a foundation for future research to explore relations among epigenetic processes and differences inbothindividual‐level biobehavioral risk and qualities of the early, external childhood environment.
Chironomid incorporation of methane‐derived carbon in plankton‐ and macrophyte‐dominated habitats in a large shallow lake
Authors: Agasild Helen , Kisand Anu , Ainelo Epp , Feldmann Tõnu , Timm Henn , Karus Katrit , Kisand Veljo , Jones Roger I. , Nõges Tiina 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

While 13C‐depleted carbon derived from biogenic methane can substantially contribute to the benthic secondary production in deep stratified lakes, its role in shallow lakes is less clear. We investigated the dynamics of δ13C and δ15N in the larvae of Chironomus plumosus throughout an annual cycle in two ecologically distinct basins (open‐water plankton‐dominated and sheltered macrophyte‐covered) of a large (270 km2), shallow, polymictic and eutrophic lake (Võrtsjärv, Estonia, North Europe). The larval stable isotopic compositions were linked to the presence of methane‐oxidising bacteria (MOB) in larval guts and sediments.

Molecular detection of MOB revealed their presence in various sediment types, but stable isotope (SI) analysis revealed clear differences in the feeding of chironomid larvae between the plankton‐ and macrophyte‐dominated habitats.

In the plankton‐dominated habitat, the mean δ13C values of larvae remained relatively constant (−38.3‰ to −35.5‰) and corresponded closely to the sediment δ13C values. Mean δ13C values of chironomid larvae were generally lower in macrophyte‐dominated habitats (−43.4‰ to −33.0‰), and both seasonal and individual variation in larval δ13C values were more pronounced. MOB presence in larval guts proved a dietary contribution from biogenic methane in macrophyte‐dominated habitats. Both the SI and molecular results indicated that MOB could help support larvae even during the cold temperature‐limited and ice‐covered periods.

Our study indicates that methane‐derived carbon makes a low but steady contribution to the larval chironomids throughout an annual cycle in large shallow Võrtsjärv. However, this contribution can be substantially higher in the lake habitats with abundant macrophytes. The study provides further evidence that a carbon flow pathway from biogenic methane can contribute to the benthic food web under variable habitat conditions in a shallow polymictic lake.
Ecosystem‐scale methane flux in tropical peat swamp forest in Indonesia
Authors: Sakabe Ayaka , Itoh Masayuki , Hirano Takashi , Kusin Kitso 
Published: September 2018

AbstractData on ecosystem‐scale methane (CH4) fluxes in tropical peatlands are currently lacking in the globalCH4budget. Although the waterlogged Indonesian peatlands contain the largest share of peat carbon in South‐East Asia, ecosystem‐scaleCH4budgets have not yet been reported, although these peatlands have the potential to emitCH4. We observed 1‐year variations in the ecosystem‐scaleCH4flux in an undrained secondary peat swamp forest in central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using the eddy covariance method. We found that the peat swamp forest switched from being aCH4sink during the dry season (as low as −8.9 mg C m−2 day−1) to a source ofCH4during the wet season (up to 10.7 mg C m−2 day−1), and this was dependent on changes in the groundwater level (GWL). The highGWLduring the wet season enhanced the anaerobicCH4production in the surface layer that had more labile organic matter. However, theCH4emission also increased when theGWLdropped during dry spells in the wet season. The annualCH4budget in the studied tropical peat swamp forest (0.09–0.17 g C m−2 year−1) was much lower than that in northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands. We found thatCH4fluxes had almost no effect on the global warming gas budget of the peat swamp forest, and values were only a few percent less than theCO2fluxes at the same site. In addition, we conducted anaerobic soil incubation experiments to examine the effect of land‐use change onCH4production. The results indicated much higherCH4production potential in undrained forest soil than in drained or drained and burned ex‐forest soils. However, althoughCH4production decreased in drained soils relative to undrained soils, conserving pristine peat swamp forests with highGWLs is important to suppress global warming becauseCO2emissions increase in drained peatlands.
Discerning Penal Values and Judicial Decision Making: The Case of Whole Life Sentencing in Europe and the United States of America
Authors: ROGAN MARY 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterpretive policy analysis has shown the need for multifactorial accounts of the influences on penal policy and its underlying penal values. To date, it has focused largely on political and administrative decision making. This article argues that judicial decisions interpreting the compliance of penal policies with the constitutional and legal frameworks applicable in a state must also be considered when seeking to discern the nature of approaches to penal policy. The article posits that judicial decisions are important and useful indicators of penal values. To illustrate the point, the article examines the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the United States to whole life sentencing. By exploring the differences in penal values between Europe and the United States of America through the prism of judicial decisions, the article considers the possibilities and limits offered by examinations of judicial action as sources of understanding of penal values.