bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Rule Out of Culture-Negative Bloodstream Infections by Use of a Novel Approach to Universal Detection of Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Rogers Andrew J , Lockhart Daniel S , Clarke Rebecca , Bennett Helen V , Kadoom Yassar , Turner James E , Dryden Matthew , Crow Matthew A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Currently it can take up to 5 days to rule out bloodstream infection. With the low yield of blood cultures (approximately 10%), a significant number of patients are potentially exposed to inappropriate therapy that can lead to adverse events. More rapid rule out can accelerate deescalation or cessation of antimicrobial therapy, improving patient outcomes.

Methods
A method is described, termed enzymatic template generation and amplification (ETGA), that universally and sensitively detects DNA polymerase activity liberated from viable bacteria and fungi isolated from blood culture samples as a measure of bloodstream infection. ETGA was applied in a diagnostic test format to identify negative blood cultures after an overnight incubation. Performance data for a prototype (Cognitor) and automated (Magnitor) version of the test are presented.

Results
The Cognitor manual assay displayed analytical reactivity for a panel of the 20 most prevalent causes of bloodstream infection, with a detection range of 28–9050 CFU/mL. Validation with 1457 clinical blood cultures showed a negative predictive value of 99.0% compared to blood culture incubation for 5 days. Magnitor showed an improved detection range of 1–67 CFU/mL, allowing for detection of bacteria-supplemented blood cultures after 2–8 h incubation, and Candida albicans-supplemented blood cultures at 16–22 h, 5–15 h faster than blood culture. Removing an aliquot from a blood culture bottle and replacing the bottle into the incubator was shown not to result in contaminating organisms being introduced.

Conclusions
The described method displays excellent breadth and detection for microbial cells and demonstrates the capability of confirming negative blood cultures after an overnight incubation in a blood culture instrument.
1960s surfsploitation films: Sex, the bikini and the active female body
Authors: Ormrod Joan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
From 1959 to 1966, approximately 66 Hollywood films were produced to exploit the surfing craze. Surfsploitation, the surf craze of the early 1960s, crossed music, comics, television, advertising and films. Films, especially, focused on the importance of the bikini in their promotion. The bikini, a liminal piece of clothing, conceals and yet reveals the naked body. The film’s producers emphasized the appeal of the bikini in the films’ cross-media promotion, which promised sex but delivered inane plots, dependent on comedy, pop music and fantasy for their continuing appeal. In the early 1960s the bikini was perceived as an erotic item of clothing from Europe. To appeal to American perceptions of the garment, in fashion and consumerism it was repackaged as related to sport and fun for the female teenage body. Comparing promotional and advertising materials of consumer culture with that of the films, this article explores how the bikini articulated notions of the active yet passive female body in this era on the cusp between the reactionary 1950s and the emergence of second-wave feminism of the late 1960s. Although the promotion from the films promised sex, they were highly moral. Yet the representations of the active female body in the films and their promotional materials reveal the debates around female agency for the early 1960s, an era when girls had to negotiate the societal demands of the reactionary 1950s with the demands placed upon women by second-wave feminism of the later 1960s.
Go-go dancing – femininity, individualism and anxiety in the 1960s
Authors: Gregory Georgina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Mainly performed by young women at nightclubs and discotheques, go-go dancing was a high-energy, free-form, dance style of the 1960s. Go-go dancers were employed to entertain crowds and to create a ‘cool’ ambience, wearing very revealing outfits including mini dresses, short-fringed skirts, tank tops, tight shorts and calflength boots. The dance style soon reached mainstream media platforms such as the US television show Hullabaloo and ABC’s Shindig, where girls could be seen suspended in clear plastic cages above the dancefloor. Before the Second World War partner dancing was the norm and social dance typically involved close physical contact, often as part of traditional courtship ritual. Moreover, most of the earlier dances required men to take the lead and to physically guide their female partner. A striking characteristic of go-go was the fact that girls usually danced alone, sometimes placed on podiums and often separate from the crowd. In this respect, go-go dancing can be viewed as an extreme extension of a growing trend towards solo dancing. The article explains how go-go dancing could be seen as reflecting social changes occurring during the 1960s, a time when gradual loss of faith in traditional sources of social guidance – religion, government, marriage – saw the rise of greater individualism. Women’s growing emancipation and a move towards selfdirection were embodied by go-go dancers, whose free style movements and rejection of formal steps metaphorically embody the dilemma of a generation of women facing an uncertain future.
Media coverage of child rights issues in Uganda: The case of The New Vision
Authors: Ashaba Ivan , Agaba Marlon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Despite having a robust child protection framework and a burgeoning media, child rights abuse still occurs in Uganda. This takes the form of child neglect, defilement, torture, trafficking. The researchers set out to investigate media coverage of child rights issues in Uganda. A triangulation of methods was used, and as will be shown later, reporting on child rights abuses is not systematic due to fragmentation of actors. The researchers found out that 185 child abuse stories were published in The New Vision in 2015. Most of the published stories were from the country’s capital – Kampala. The other obstacles to effective child rights reporting identified are as follows: concentration of reporters in urban areas, lack of special training in child rights reporting and commercial interests of media houses. The researchers recommend recruiting and training journalists to specifically report on issues of child rights and empowering upcountry reporters where many cases are committed.
Social networking and mobile phone usage of East African students in Malaysia
Authors: Wanda Judith Flora Etabale , Nair Govindan Velaithan , Periayya Thinavan , Wilson Sharon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
With the current development in technology, mobile phones have become progressively more popular as they are one of the frequently used means of communication that people rely on because of their features. While people find mobile phones convenient and useful, international students in foreign countries tend to appreciate them more and are more dependent on them in order to maintain their social networks. The literature states that students from East Africa carry along their own culture with them, making it difficult for them to accept and adapt to the new culture easily. This includes meeting face to face in small areas and groups where friendships are formed through frequent interaction. Based on a survey conducted in various private universities in the Klang Valley where foreign students of East African origin are studying, students’ mobile phone use for social networking was examined. The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between variables such as interaction, interpersonal communication and social networking for maintenance of social network; however, there was no significant difference in mobile phone dependency for social networking among university students of East African origin and the duration of stay in Malaysia. Although they may be unable to interact in person, social networking proved useful to strengthen relationships that already exist and enhanced the feelings of closeness to others. As technology has advanced, there have been adjustments in the users’ attitudes towards particular technologies, hence this has generated new social and cultural phenomena. This phenomenon has in a way changed the way mobile phones evolve as they represent social construction of technology. This social construction of the mobile phone is seen in the symbiotic relationship between the users of the technology. Users such as these students respond to the advancement of technologies such as mobile phones, which in turn has seen them develop social and cultural changes.
Eye Heart Theory: Not to be taken lightly
Authors: Paxman Adam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This visual essay criticizes the notion that illustration education and practice without intellectual engagement, theory or inquiry can exist. Whilst providing a humorous yet sincere rebuttal of this stance, Eye Heart Theory advocates the sublime importance of theory in art, design and visual communication curricula from several perspectives – those of the professional illustration practitioner, Contextual Studies lecturer and personal practice as research experimenter. Drawing on diverse secondary sources including Crow, Heller and Chwast, Lupton, Lynch, Male, Maslow, McLuhan and Fiore, O’Shaughnessy, Poynor and Zeegen and Roberts, Eye Heart Theory analyses the role of the illustration educator in fostering autonomous learning, creative thinking and cognitive skills within undergraduates and future design professionals. Presented as a visually dense information burst and impassioned commentary on the topic incorporating lateral references to popular culture and visualizations of illustrative, theoretical and semiotic devices, Eye Heart Theory is not designed to persuade or interpolate but rather challenge the reader to think about and question the content as a conscious critical observer in much the same manner as a theatrical work featuring verfremdungseffekt – alienation or distancing technique – by playwright Bertolt Brecht.
Creativity assessments
Authors: Crean Orla 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article outlines a variety of definitions for creativity within the context of an art education, specifically exploring a range of different teaching approaches to create an awareness of creativity as process, and a skill that can be learnt alongside traditional art teaching. It investigates the systems and environments by which creativity is best enhanced, whilst acknowledging the current parameters or restrictions within the traditional secondary art classroom. Consideration has been given to the future international assessments on creativity, a positive move that appears to be at odds with the United Kingdom’s latest academic measures of secondary school success. This research has been motivated by the belief that an arts education should be at the forefront of teaching creativity, recognizing its importance for students now and for their futures whilst re-establishing the value of an arts education for all students.
Examining perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers in musical instrument practice
Authors: Topoğlu Onur , Erden Topoğlu Evin 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are significant differences between perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers in their instrument practice and their genders, ages, universities, hours of daily practice, instruments and their career goals. Also under investigation is the correlation between perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers and their academic achievement scores of their principal instrument lessons. The study is a quantitative descriptive study. Participants of the study consisted of 249 pre-service music teachers (F=131; M=118). The participants were receiving education from the universities that are found in the western part of Turkey. Criterion sampling was used for the study. The Self-Regulation in Instrumental Practice Scale (Özmenteş, 2007) and a personal information form were used as data collection tools. The results showed that there are significant differences between levels of perceived self-regulation beliefs of participants and their career goals and the time they spent on instrument practice. Also discovered was a small positive significant correlation between perceived self-regulation beliefs of participants and their academic achievement scores on instrument practice/performance. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.
Authors, Inventors and Entrepreneurs: Intellectual Property and Actors of Extraction
Authors: Fredriksson Martin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The ideas and ideals of authorship and the discourse on property rights that emerged in parallel since the 18thcentury have come to form the bedrock of copyright law. Critical copyright scholars argue that this construction of authorship and ownership contributes to individualisation and privatisation of artistic works that disregards the collective aspects of creativity. It also embodies a certain kind of authorial character-or “author function” as Michel Foucault puts it-imbued with racial and gendered powers and privileges. While the gendered and racialised biases of intellectual property rights are well documented within copyright research, the commodification of ideas and cultural expressions relies on individualisation of creativity that is significant not only to the cultural economy but also to the 20th-century notion of the entrepreneur as the protagonist of capitalism. This article relates the idea of the entrepreneur to the deconstruction of authorship that was initiated by Foucault and Roland Barthes in the late 1960s, and the critique of an author-centred IPR regime developed by law scholars in the 1990s. It asks if and how the deconstruction of the author as a cultural and ideological persona that underpins the privatisation of immaterial resources can help us understand the construction and function of the entrepreneur in extractive capitalism.
Variations of fiber structure and performance of ONP delinked pulp after modified-laccase/glutamate treatment
Authors: Dong Junjing , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the usage of thiourea dioxide to modify the residual terminal amino groups of amino acid in laccase. The effect of modified-laccase/glutamate treatment on the microstructure and properties of old newspaper deinked pulp was investigated by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and headspace gas chromatography. Results showed that after the modified-laccase/glutamate treatment, the content of carboxyl groups in pulp increased remarkably by 20.8 %. Microscope images showed the fiber filamentation was more obvious, and fibrils content on the fiber surface increased. The fiber quality analyse indicated that fiber coarseness decreased notably but length and width changed a little. The paper physical analysis showed that the paper strength properties had improved remarkably while whiteness decreased slightly.
Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its components in popcorn
Authors: Fahad Shah , Fahad Shah , Noor Muhammad , Shahwar Durri , Alam Mukhtar , Ullah Hidayat , Adnan Muhammad , Jamal Yousaf , Wahid Fazli , ur Rahman Hidayat , Yasir Muhammad , Ali Farhan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Knowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.
Genetic Basis of Variation in Heat and Ethanol Tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Riles Linda , Fay Justin C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae has the capability of fermenting sugar to produce concentrations of ethanol that are toxic to most organisms. Other Saccharomyces species also have a strong fermentative capacity, but some are specialized to low temperatures, whereas S. cerevisiae is the most thermotolerant. Although S. cerevisiae has been extensively used to study the genetic basis of ethanol tolerance, much less is known about temperature dependent ethanol tolerance. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of ethanol tolerance at high temperature among strains of S. cerevisiae. We identified two amino acid polymorphisms in SEC24 that cause strong sensitivity to ethanol at high temperature and more limited sensitivity to temperature in the absence of ethanol. We also identified a single amino acid polymorphism in PSD1 that causes sensitivity to high temperature in a strain dependent fashion. The genes we identified provide further insight into genetic variation in ethanol and temperature tolerance and the interdependent nature of these two traits in S. cerevisiae.
Rationale of Japanese media theory in the social communications` discourse
Authors: Pashchenko B. 
Published: November 2018

The academic paper is devoted to the rationalization of Japanese media theory. This piece of work aims to show the social peculiarities of Japanese media, justified by certain theories of the social communications` discourse. The research reveals how social preconditions apply to the different means of media in Japan, such as newspapers, television, Internet, anime and manga industry etc. The author of this paper scrutinizes Japanese press clubs’ phenomenon, revitalization in local newspapers and coexistence principle in Japanese media. Moreover, the paper highlights an implementation of uses and gratifications theory to Japanese media entertainment industry. The research justifies that media theory in Japan is based on the historical and social preconditions. The academic work presents a systematic analysis of media theories applied to Japanese media system, justified by Japanese market`s tendencies of current importance and social preconditions. The author of the paper also examines media theories such as agenda setting theory, cultivation theory and global village theory. Each of these theories have their own social peculiarities in Japan, and they differ depending on the different means of media. For example, agenda setting theory can be applied to Japanese national daily newspapers, but other means of media do not tend to use it. However, uses and gratifications theory can be applied not only to entertainment media, but to Japanese magazines as well. The results of the research can be used for the further research of Japanese media theory in domestic and foreign academic discourses.
ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE ERVA-CIDREIRA SOBRE FITOPATÓGENOS DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS E AGRÍCOLAS
Authors: Sousa Bruna Cristine Martins de , Castro Santana Pinto de , Lourido Katiane Araújo , Chiara David , Castro Kelly Christina Ferreira , Lustosa Denise Castro 
Published: November 2018

Pertencente à família Verbenaceae, Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown é amplamente utilizada na medicina popular devido suas propriedades analgésicas, calmantes e espasmolíticas. Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial dessa espécie sobre o crescimento micelial de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos de Anacardium occidentale L. (caju); Zea mays L. (milho); Capsicum annuum L. (pimentão); Couratari oblongifolia Ducke & R. Knuth (tauari) e Rhizoctonia solani obtido da espécie Glycine max L. (soja). No bioensaio, o óleo previamente filtrado foi adicionado em meio BDA (Batata-Dextrose-Ágar), homogeneizado e vertido em placas de Petri. Em seguida, discos contendo estruturas fúngicas foram depositados, centralmente, nas placas com BDA e o óleo em suas respectivas concentrações. O tratamento controle consistiu em placas com meio de cultura sem a presença do óleo. Os dados foram obtidos medindo o diâmetro das colônias fúngicas, durante cinco dias. Todas as concentrações reduziram o crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos em relação à testemunha, apresentando um percentual de inibição médio de 88,5%. Para os isolados de Fusarium spp. do caju e do pimentão, bem como Rhizoctonia solani isolado da soja, o óleo apresentou efeito fungicida; sugerindo estudos, in vivo, para constatação de seu efeito fungitóxico, e análises químicas para investigação e isolamento dos compostos ativos da espécie.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Controle alternativo, Efeito fungicida, Redução do crescimento.
ANÁLISE DE ATIVIDADE DE ÁGUA E UMIDADE NA QUALIDADE DO MEL PRODUZIDO EM COMUNIDADES DA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA TAPAJÓS - ARAPIUNS, SANTARÉM, PARÁ
Authors: Picanço Yasmin Dos Santos , Oliveira Sullyvan Silva , Almeida Monique , Otani Fabrizia Sayuri , Pereira Eliriane Jamas , Dos Santos Graciene Conceição 
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade de água (Aw) e umidade em méis de Scaptotrigona sp. produzidos em três comunidades da Reserva extrativista Tapajós - Arapiuns, Santarém/PA. Foi utilizado 9 amostras de méis, sendo 2 da comunidade de Solimões, 4 da comunidade de Carão e 3 da comunidade de Anã. As amostras foram armazenadas e refrigeradas até as análises em triplicata e utilizou-se o software SISVAR para a análise de variância pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos para atividade de água variaram de 0,68 a 0,77, sendo o mínimo correspondente a comunidade de Anã e o máximo a comunidade de Solimões. O limite para atividade de água no mel de abelhas sem ferrão está entre 0,52 e 0,80, logo, a Aw das amostras do presente trabalho estão dentro do limite permitido para que não haja a deterioração e perda de qualidade do mel. Com relação a umidade, as médias estão entre 24,37 e 33,86, sendo a maior média de Solimões e a menor de Anã. Apesar de não haver um parâmetro oficial para méis de meliponíneos, alguns autores recomendam para esses méis umidade máxima de 35%. Logo, os teores de umidade obtidos estão dentro do recomendado, porém necessita de mais pesquisas a fim de criar uma legislação específica para méis de abelhas sem ferrão, já que este possui características distintas. PALAVRA-CHAVE: Deterioração, Microrganismos, Prateleira.