bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Portal Vein Flow and Intrarenal Venous Flow Are Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Beaubien‐Souligny William , Benkreira Aymen , Robillard Pierre , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Chassé Michaël , Desjardins Georges , Lamarche Yoan , White Michel , Bouchard Josée , Denault André 
Published: September 2018

Background

Acute kidney injury (
AKI
) after cardiac surgery is associated with adverse outcomes. Venous congestion can impair kidney function, but few tools are available to assess its impact at the bedside. The objective of this study was to determine whether portal flow pulsatility and alterations in intrarenal venous flow assessed by Point‐Of‐Care ultrasound are associated with
AKI
after cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

This single‐center prospective cohort study recruited patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Hepatic and renal Doppler ultrasound assessments were performed before surgery, at the intensive care unit admission, and daily for 3 days after surgery. The primary statistical analysis was performed using proportional hazards model for time‐dependent variables. Among the 145 patients included, 49 patients (33.8%) developed
AKI
after cardiac surgery. The detection of portal flow pulsatility was associated with an increased risk of
AKI
(hazard ratio: 2.09, confidence interval, 1.11–3.94, P=0.02), as were severe alterations of intrarenal venous flow (hazard ratio: 2.81, confidence interval, 1.42–5.56,
P
=0.003). These associations remained significant in multivariable models. The addition of these markers to preoperative risk factors and central venous pressure measurement at intensive care unit admission improved the prediction of
AKI
. (Continuous net reclassification improvement: 0.364, confidence interval, 0.081–0.652 for portal Doppler and net reclassification improvement: 0.343, confidence interval, 0.081–0.628 for intrarenal Doppler)

Conclusions

Portal flow pulsatility and intrarenal flow alterations are markers of venous congestion and are independently associated with
AKI
after cardiac surgery. These tools might offer valuable information to develop strategies aimed at treating or preventing congestive cardiorenal syndrome after cardiac surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02831907.
A Scale to Characterize the Strength and Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Ralph F. Martin , Rutz Jonathan J. , Cordeira Jason M. , Dettinger Michael , Anderson Michael , Reynolds David , Schick Lawrence J. , Smallcomb Chris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) play vital roles in the western United States and related regions globally, not only producing heavy precipitation and flooding, but also providing beneficial water supply. This paper introduces a scale for the intensity and impacts of ARs. Its utility may be greatest where ARs are the most impactful storm type and hurricanes, nor’easters, and tornadoes are nearly nonexistent. Two parameters dominate the hydrologic outcomes and impacts of ARs: vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and AR duration [i.e., the duration of at least minimal AR conditions (IVT ≥ 250 kg m–1 s–1)]. The scale uses an observed or predicted time series of IVT at a given geographic location and is based on the maximum IVT and AR duration at that point during an AR event. AR categories 1–5 are defined by thresholds for maximum IVT (3-h average) of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 kg m–1 s–1, and by IVT exceeding 250 kg m–1 s–1 continuously for 24–48 h. If the AR event duration is less than 24 h, it is downgraded by one category. If it is longer than 48 h, it is upgraded one category. The scale recognizes that weak ARs are often mostly beneficial because they can enhance water supply and snowpack, while stronger ARs can become mostly hazardous, for example, if they strike an area with antecedent conditions that enhance vulnerability, such as burn scars or wet conditions. Extended durations can enhance impacts. Short durations can mitigate impacts.
Decay Rates of Internal Tides Estimated by an Improved Wave–Wave Interaction Analysis
Authors: Onuki Yohei , Hibiya Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent numerical and observational studies have reported that resonant wave–wave interaction may be a crucial process for the energy loss of internal tides and the associated vertical water mixing in the midlatitude deep ocean. Special attention has been directed to the remarkable latitudinal dependence of the resonant interaction intensity; semidiurnal internal tides promptly lose their energy to near-inertial motions through parametric subharmonic instability equatorward of the critical latitudes 29°N/S, where half the tidal frequency coincides with the local inertial frequency. This feature contradicts the classical theoretical prediction that resonant wave–wave interaction does not play a major role in the tidal energy loss in the open ocean. By reformulating the kinetic equation for long internal waves and developing its calculation method, we estimate the energy decay rates of the low-vertical-mode semidiurnal internal tides interacting with the “ubiquitous” oceanic internal wave field. The result shows rapid energy decay of the internal tides, typically within O(10) days for the lowest-mode component, near their critical latitudes. This decay time is severalfold shorter than those in the classical studies and, additionally, varies by a factor of 2 depending on the local depth and density structure. We suggest from this study that the numerical integration of the kinetic equation is a more effective approach than recognized to determine the decay parameter of wave energy, which is indispensable for the global ocean models.
Does It Take a School? Revisiting the Influence of First Arrest on Subsequent Delinquency and Educational Attainment in a Tolerant Educational Background
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Lee Yeungjeom 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: By drawing on cumulative influences of labeling in Western samples, this study examined the relationship between first-time arrest and delinquency and educational attainment in South Korea, a unique cultural context characterized by a heightened focus on education. Method: Propensity score matching was employed to match arrested and nonarrested juveniles. After the groups were balanced on 58 covariates, the matched sample was used to assess the influence of arrest on delinquency and on college enrollment with consideration of the mediating processes of the labeling mechanism and educational characteristics. Results: For a short period, arrest was significantly related to subsequent delinquency, although this association did not persist into the consecutive year. Arrest did not adversely influence college enrollment. The mediating models showed that arrest had a negative influence on deviant self-identity and educational characteristics; however, these associations did not extend to subsequent delinquency and educational attainment. Conclusions: Formal sanction experiences have a more imminent impact on amplifying deviance for arrestees, but this influence does not seem to last long term. Results imply that an education system with a tolerant atmosphere may serve as a buffer against labeling effects and highlight the importance of school context in shaping delinquent behavior.
Short-term changes in added sugar consumption by adolescents reflected in the carbon isotope ratio of fingerstick blood
Authors: Liu Sarah V , Moore Lori B , Halliday Tanya M , Jahren A Hope , Savla Jyoti , Hedrick Valisa E , Marinik Elaina L , Davy Brenda M 
Published: September 2018

Background: Consumption of added sugars (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may adversely affect adolescents’ weight and cardiovascular disease risk. Reliance on self-reported dietary assessment methods is a common research limitation, which could be overcome by dietary intake biomarkers. Aim: The investigation was a proof-of-concept study to evaluate the proposed carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) biomarker of AS intake in adolescents, using a controlled feeding design. Methods: Participants ( n = 33, age 15.3 years, 53% female) underwent two seven-day controlled feeding periods in a randomly assigned order. Diets were matched in composition except for AS content (5% or 25% of total energy). Fasting fingerstick blood samples were collected daily during each diet period. Results: Fingerstick δ13C values changed from day 1 to 8 by –0.05 ± 0.071‰ on 5% AS, and +0.03 ± 0.083‰ on 25% AS ( p ≤ 0.001). Reliability was demonstrated between day 7 and 8 δ13C values on the 5% (ICC = 0.996 , p ≤ 0.001) and 25% (ICC = 0.997, p ≤ 0.001) AS diets. Conclusions: Larger scale investigations are warranted to determine if this technique could be applied to population-level research in order to help assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the consumption of AS or SSB intake.
Predicting parkinsonism side-effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribed in secondary mental healthcare
Authors: Kadra Giouliana , Spiros Athan , Shetty Hitesh , Iqbal Ehtesham , Hayes Richard D , Stewart Robert , Geerts Hugo 
Published: September 2018

Background: Computer-modelling approaches have the potential to predict the interactions between different antipsychotics and provide guidance for polypharmacy. Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of the quantitative systems pharmacology platform to predict parkinsonism side-effects in patients prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy. Methods: Using anonymized data from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust electronic health records we applied quantitative systems pharmacology, a neurophysiology-based computer model of humanized neuronal circuits, to predict the risk for parkinsonism symptoms in patients with schizophrenia prescribed two concomitant antipsychotics. The performance of the quantitative systems pharmacology model was compared with the performance of simple parameters such as: combination of affinity constants (1/Ksum); sum of D2R occupancies (D2R) and chlorpromazine equivalent dose. Results: We identified 832 patients with schizophrenia who were receiving two antipsychotics for six or more months, between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for the quantitative systems pharmacology model was 0.66 ( p = 0.01), while AUROCs for D2R, 1/Ksum and chlorpromazine equivalent dose were 0.52 ( p = 0.350), 0.53 ( p = 0.347) and 0.52 ( p = 0.330) respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that quantitative systems pharmacology has the potential to predict the risk of parkinsonism associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy from minimal source information, and thus might have potential decision-support applicability in clinical settings.
Radiation treatment monitoring with DCE-US in CWR22 prostate tumor xenografts
Authors: Arteaga-Marrero Natalia , Mainou-Gomez Jose F , Brekke Rygh Cecilie , Lutay Nataliya , Roehrich Dieter , Reed Rolf K , Olsen Dag R 
Published: September 2018

Background Longitudinal monitoring of potential radiotherapy treatment effects can be determined by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US). Purpose To assess functional parameters by means of DCE-US in a murine subcutaneous model of human prostate cancer, and their relationship to dose deposition and time-frame after treatment. A special focus has been placed to evaluate the vascular heterogeneity of the tumor and on the most suitable data analysis approach that reflects this heterogeneity. Material and Methods In vivo DCE-US was acquired 24 h and 48 h after radiation treatment with a single dose of 7.5 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Tumor vasculature was characterized pixelwise using the Brix pharmacokinetic analysis of the time-intensity curves. Results Longitudinal changes were detected ( P < 0.001) at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. At 48 h, the eliminating rate constant of the contrast agent from the plasma, kel, was correlated ( P ≤ 0.05) positively with microvessel density (MVD; rτ = 0.7) and negatively with necrosis (rτ = –0.6) for the treated group. Furthermore, Akep, a parameter related to transcapillary transport properties, was also correlated to MVD (rτ = 0.6, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion DCE-US has been shown to detect vascular changes at a very early stage after radiotherapy, which is a great advantage since DCE-US is non-invasive, available at most hospitals, and is low in cost compared to other techniques used in clinical practice.
Clinical and Structural Evaluations of Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Added Platelet-Rich Plasma at 5-Year Follow-up: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado , Bordalo-Rodrigues Marcelo , de Camargo Olavo Pires 
Published: September 2018

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been studied with the objective of reducing the retear rate and improving functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Only one study to date has reported its midterm effect. Hypothesis: PRP promotes better functional and structural results in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: All patients underwent arthroscopic single-row repair of small to medium supraspinatus tears. At the end of the surgical procedure, liquid PRP prepared by apheresis with autologous thrombin was applied in the tendon-to-bone interface in the PRP group. The outcomes were assessed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant scales and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after surgery and magnetic resonance imaging at 12 and 60 months. Results: Of 54 patients initially randomized, we analyzed the clinical outcomes in 51 (25 control, 26 PRP) and the structural outcomes in 44 (22 each group). At 60-month follow-up, the mean UCLA scores were 32.5 ± 3.8 and 32.1 ± 4.6 in the control and PRP groups, respectively ( P = .992). The mean Constant scores were 82.0 ± 9.5 in the control group and 82.1 ± 11.0 in the PRP group ( P = .699). The mean VAS scores were 1.4 ± 1.8 and 1.5 ± 2.1 in the control and PRP groups, respectively ( P = .910). None of the clinical assessments at 6, 12, and 24 months in either group produced statistically significant differences, and both groups showed significant improvements throughout the follow-up time in the 3 evaluations ( P < .001). The control group exhibited 1 full-thickness retear (Sugaya type IV) and 11 partial-thickness retears (Sugaya type III), while the PRP group had 7 partial-thickness retears (Sugaya type III). The overall number of retears did not differ between groups ( P = .203). Conclusion: PRP obtained by apheresis and applied in liquid form with the addition of thrombin at the end of single-row repair of supraspinatus tears did not promote better clinical or structural results at 60-month follow-up. Registration: NCT01029574 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
The Specific Conditions of the Valorization of Capital in a Dependent Nation: The Case of Argentina (2002–2014)
Authors: López Emiliano , Barrera Insua Facundo 
Published: September 2018

In this article, we examine the tendency toward stagnation in the Argentinean economy, as a dependent economy, in the context of a new development model that emerged in this country before the neoliberal crisis in 2001. The initial boom of accumulation in the period 2002–2007, after the devaluation of the peso, has been challenged for various tensions that emerged, in our perspective, for the dependent economic structure of Argentina in the years 2007 and 2008. These tensions were increased after the European economic crisis and China’s slowdown in 2012–2014, leading to the stop of the accumulation process and the start of economic transition to the different development model. JEL Classification: P16; O11
Deep Femoral Vein Reconstruction of the Abdominal Aorta and Adaptation of the Neo-Aortoiliac System Bypass Technique in an Endovascular Era
Authors: Nordanstig Joakim , Törngren Kristina , Smidfelt Kristian , Roos Håkan , Langenskiöld Marcus 
Published: September 2018

Background: Primary infection of the abdominal aorta is a rare pathology that may threaten the integrity of the aortic wall, while secondary aortic prosthesis infection represents a devastating complication to open surgical and endovascular aortic surgery. Curative treatment is achievable by removal of all infected prosthetic material followed by a vascular reconstruction. Design and Methods: Twelve consecutive patients treated with the neo-aortoiliac system bypass (NAIS) procedure were reviewed. Nine were treated for a secondary aortic prosthesis infection (tube graft n = 3, bifurcated graft n = 4, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) stent graft n = 1, and fenestrated EVAR [FEVAR] stent graft n = 1), while 3 patients underwent NAIS repair due to an emergent primary mycotic aortoiliac aneurysm. Primary Results: Ten of 12 patients survived 30 days. Three patients were operated on acutely, and 9 patients had elective or subacute NAIS surgery. Two of 3 patients operated acutely died within 30 days, whereas no 30-day or 1-year mortality was observed in patients undergoing elective or subacute surgery. The median time from primary reconstruction to the NAIS procedure was 11 months (range: 0-201 months). Stent grafts (n = 5 of 12) were in 4 cases explanted using endovascular balloon clamping. Of the explanted endografts, 2 patients presented with a secondary graft infection after EVAR/FEVAR, while 3 patients had been emergently treated with endovascular cuffs as a “bridge-to-surgery” procedure due to aortoenteric fistula (AEF). Patients who received a “bridge-to-surgery” regimen were treated with the NAIS procedure within 8 weeks (median 27 days, range: 27-60) after receiving emergency stent grafting. Principal Conclusions: Aortic balloon-clamping during explantation of infected aortic prosthetic endografts is feasible and facilitates complete endograft removal. Endovascular bridging procedures could be beneficiary in the treatment of AEF or anastomotic dehiscence due to graft infection, offering a possibility to convert the acute setting to an elective definitive reconstructive procedure with a higher overall success rate.
Mixed connective tissue disease in pregnancy: A case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Tardif Marie-Lou , Mahone Michèle 
Published: September 2018

Objective To investigate the impact of medical and obstetric complications associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in pregnancy. Method We analyzed 68 pregnancies from a systematic literature review and 12 pregnancies affected by MCTD at our centre between 1986 and 2015 for medical and obstetric complications. Results During pregnancy 37.1% had active MCTD and 26.7% had relapsed. Maternal complications included caesarean section (31.1%, n = 19), preeclampsia (17.6%, n = 13), thromboembolism events, and death (2.5%, n = 2 for each). Fetal complications included prematurity (48.1%, n = 25), intrauterine growth restriction (38.3%, n = 19), and neonatal lupus (28.6%, n = 18, including chondrodysplasia punctata). More than half ( n = 10) of the neonatal lupus cases were explained by anti-U1RNP only. The perinatal mortality rate was 17.7% ( n = 14). Pregnant women with active disease had higher rates of prematurity (OR = 7.60; 95%CI [1.93; 29.95]) and perinatal death (OR = 16.83; 95%CI [1.90; 147.70]). Conclusion MCTD in pregnancy puts women at risk of medical and obstetric complications, and disease activity probably increases this risk.
Long-term outcome of elderly out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors as compared with their younger counterparts and the general population
Authors: Hiemstra Bart , Bergman Remco , Absalom Anthony R. , van der Naalt Joukje , van der Harst Pim , de Vos Ronald , Nieuwland Wybe , Nijsten Maarten W. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Over the past decade, prehospital and in-hospital treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has improved considerably. There are sparse data on the long-term outcome, especially in elderly patients. We studied whether elderly patients benefit to the same extent compared with younger patients and at long-term follow up as compared with the general population. Methods: Between 2001 and 2010, data from all patients presented to our hospital after OHCA were recorded. Elderly patients (⩾75 years) were compared with younger patients. Neurological outcome was classified as cerebral performance category (CPC) at hospital discharge and long-term survival was compared with younger patients and predicted survival rates of the general population. Results: Of the 810 patients admitted after OHCA, a total of 551 patients (68%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation, including 125 (23%) elderly patients with a mean age of 81 ± 5 years. In-hospital survival was lower in elderly patients compared with younger patients with rates of 33% versus 57% ( p < 0.001). A CPC of 1 was present in 73% of the elderly patients versus 86% of the younger patients ( p = 0.031). In 7.3% of the elderly patients, a CPC >2 was observed versus 2.5% of their younger counterparts ( p = 0.103). Elderly patients had a median survival of 6.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–7.9] years compared with 7.7 (95% CI 7.5–7.9) years of the general population ( p = 0.019). Conclusions: The survival rate after OHCA in elderly patients is approximately half that of younger patients. Elderly patients who survive to discharge frequently have favorable neurological outcomes and a long-term survival that approximates that of the general population.
Effects of Emergency Department Physical Design Elements on Security, Wayfinding, Visibility, Privacy, and Efficiency and Its Implications on Staff Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: Zamani Zahra 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the role of emergency department (ED) design on ED staff satisfaction and performance. Background: High patient volume, surging workloads, and violent behaviors are expected pressures for ED staff. Literature suggests the substantial role of the physical environment in the delivery of care and its role in staff and patient experiences. Nevertheless, limited studies have explored simultaneous interactions between ED physical design elements, attributes (security, wayfinding, visibility, privacy, and efficiency), and staff satisfaction or performance. Method: Interviews, surveys, visibility graph analysis, and agent simulations were employed to understand the connection between ED physical design, attributes, performance, and staff satisfaction. Results: Enhanced security, effective wayfinding, team visibility, noise reduction, adequate privacy, and accessible supplies and equipment were significant predictors of staff satisfaction and performance. Unobstructed views in waiting and triage and controlled entrances were critical for improving security. To improve wayfinding, eye-level signage, reducing surveillance obstacles, and creating direct public routes were recommended. Rectangular units with multiple perpendicularly connected corridors and linear pod arrangements enhanced movement. Including team rooms and enclosed ERs were recommended for privacy improvements. Visibility was critical for team communication and improved by including short-distanced perpendicular corridors and eliminating columns. Enhancing access to supplies or equipment and reducing noise levels improved the perception of staff efficiency. Conclusion: The findings contribute to the general body of knowledge on the impact of ED physical design on attributes that potentially improve staff satisfaction and work performance.