bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastretchable, Super Tough, and Rapidly Recoverable Nanocomposite Double‐Network Hydrogels by Dual Physically Hydrogen Bond and Vinyl‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles Macro‐Crosslinking
Authors: Wu Linlin , Zhuang Zhenzhen , Li Shuai , Ma Xiaofeng , Diao Wenjing , Bu Ximan , Fang Ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt remains a challenge to develop tough hydrogels with recoverable or healable properties after damage. Herein, a new nanocomposite double‐network hydrogel (NC‐DN) consisting of first agar network and a homogeneous vinyl‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (VSNPs) macro‐crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) second network is reported. VSNPs are prepared via sol‐gel process using vinyltriethoxysilane as a silicon source. Then, Agar/PAM‐SiO2 NC‐DN hydrogels are fabricated by dual physically hydrogen bonds and VSNPs macro‐crosslinking. Under deformation, the reversible hydrogen bonds in agar network and PAM nanocomposite network successively break to dissipate energy and then recombine to recover the network, while VSNPs in the second network could effectively transfer stress to the network chains grafted on their surfaces and maintain the gel network. As a result, the optimal NC‐DN hydrogels exhibit ultrastretchable (fracture strain 7822%), super tough (fracture toughness 18.22 MJ m‐3, tensile strength 431 kPa), rapidly recoverable (≈92% toughness recovery after 5 min resting at room temperature), and self‐healable (can be stretched to 1331% after healing) properties. The newly designed Agar/PAM‐SiO2 NC‐DN hydrogels with tunable network structure and mechanical properties by multi‐bond crosslinking provide a new avenue to better understand the fundamental structure‐property relationship of DN hydrogels and broaden the current hydrogel research and applications.
Production of extracellular vesicles with light‐induced proton pump activity by proteorhodopsin‐containing marine bacteria
Authors: Kwon Yong Min , Patra Ajit Kumar , Chiura Hiroshi Xavier , Kim Sang‐Jin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe production and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common process occurring in various types of bacteria. However, little is known regarding the functions of EVs derived from marine bacteria. We observed that during cell growth, Sediminicola sp. YIK13, a proteorhodopsin (PR)‐containing marine flavobacterium, produces EVs (S13EVs). Transmission electron microscopy showed that Sediminicola sp. YIK13 released two spherical vesicle types, with mono‐ and/or bi‐layered membranes, in the culture. Interestingly, the S13EVs have an orange pigment, indicating the presence of putative carotenoid and PR pigments ascribed to the parental cells. The S13EVs demonstrated the same PR‐derived absorption peak spectrum and light‐induced proton pump activity as the parental cells. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of the S13EVs revealed the presence of PR. We confirmed the 16S rRNA gene, pro gene, and genes required for chromophore retinal synthesis, namely blh and crtI, in the DNA packaged into these vesicles. In addition, by metagenomic sequencing, we found microbial rhodopsin‐related genes in vesicles derived from natural aquatic environments. Our results suggest that EVs as well potentially pursue horizontal gene transfer of diverse microbial rhodopsin genes in marine ecosystems.
The promising novel biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high‐throughput data
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wu Qiong , Wang Ziheng , Xu Ran , Hu Xinyi , Sun Yidan , Wang Qiuhong , Ju Fei , Ren Shiqi , Zhang Chenlin , Qin Lin , Ma Qianqian , Zhou You Lang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundKidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of renal tumor. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIRC pathogenesis remain little known. The purpose of our study was to identify potential key genes related to the occurrence and prognosis of KIRC, which could serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for KIRC.MethodsThree gene expression profiles from gene expression omnibus database were integrated to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) using limma package. Enrichment analysis and PPI construction for these DEGs were performed by bioinformatics tools. We used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database to further analyze the expression and prognostic values of hub genes.The GEPIA database was used to further validate the bioinformatics results. The Connectivity Map was used to identify candidate small molecules that could reverse the gene expression of KIRC.ResultsA total of 503 DEGs were obtained. The PPI network with 417 nodes and 1912 interactions was constructed. Go and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were most significantly enriched in excretion and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, respectively. Six DEGs with high degree of connectivity (ACAA1, ACADSB, ALDH6A1, AUH, HADH, and PCCA) were selected as hub genes, which significantly associated with worse survival of patients. Finally, we identified the top 20 most significant small molecules and pipemidic acid was the most promising small molecule to reverse the KIRC gene expression.ConclusionsThis study first uncovered six key genes in KIRC which contributed to improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of KIRC pathogenesis. ACAA1, ACADSB, ALDH6A1, AUH, HADH, and PCCA could serve as the promising novel biomarkers for KIRC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Compact UWB MIMO antenna with cross‐shaped unconnected ground stub using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Singh Harsh Verdhan , Tripathi Shrivishal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this letter, a compact ultrawideband (UWB) multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) antenna with cross‐shaped unconnected Ground stub using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is presented. The proposed work consists of two elliptical shape monopole UWB antenna with a cross‐shaped stub in the ground plane. The compact MIMO antenna has the dimension of 25 × 25 × 1.6 mm3. These monopoles are able to excite several characteristic modes (CMs), which support to wideband resonance, and cross‐shaped stub support CM at lower frequency band in the ground plane and reduces mutual coupling between monopoles. The UWB MIMO antenna is resonating in frequency bands from 2.97 to 13.8 GHz bandwidth with a good mutual coupling (<−15 dB). The diversity performance envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) of the antenna are less than 0.05 and more than 9.97, respectively. The experimental result confirming a good treaty with the simulated ones, so that the proposed antenna is suitable for compact UWB MIMO applications.
Compact asymmetric cross‐shaped rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for wideband circular polarization
Authors: Kumar Rajkishor , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA compact asymmetric cross‐shaped dielectric resonator (DR) antenna with broadside wideband circularly polarized has been investigated by using the coaxial probe feeding technique. The presented antenna consists of the asymmetric cross‐shaped DR, a metal strip, and a coaxial feed. Here, the metal strip is used at the corner of the cross‐shaped DR to reduce the excessive tangential electric field and acts as a mirror for the normal filed components. Therefore, the orthogonal modes TExδ11 and TEy1δ1 are excited at resonance frequencies of 4.55 GHz and 5.55 GHz in this antenna structure, and because of these modes, the proposed antenna is able to produce CP fields. The antenna with −10 dB impedance bandwidth provides the measured results of 43.84%, whereas the measured 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is found to be 11.23%. Moreover, the proposed antenna shows low profile geometry, that is, 0.175λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at the central frequency.
Simple conductor roughness modeling for microstrip lines
Authors: Huang Binke , Wang Xubing , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe accurate characterization of the effect of conductor surface roughness in microwave transmission lines is crucial in the analysis and design of microwave circuits, in particular at high frequencies. This paper proposes an accurate correction factor based method to calculate the effect of conductor surface roughness from the per‐unit‐length (P.U.L.) parameters and the complex propagation constant of a microstrip line. Then, this correction factor is applied to extract the dielectric properties of microstrip lines, thus taking into account the conductor surface roughness. The simulation results show a good agreement with the given standard values.
An ultra compact triple band antenna for X/Ku/K band applications
Authors: Mishra Brijesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA simple and practical method to design an ultra compact (128 mm2) patch antenna for X, Ku, and K band applications is presented. The antenna parameters such as current distributions, return loss, antenna gain, radiation pattern, efficiency, and group delay are discussed. Proposed design resonates at three frequencies of 8.9 GHz (simulated) and 8.7 GHz (measured), 16.5 GHz (simulated) and 16.4 GHz (measured), and 19.8 GHz (simulated) and 19.6 GHz (measured) were presented. The proposed prototype achieves peak gain of 8.08 dBi (simulated) and 8.4 dBi (measured), 8.02 dBi (simulated) and 8.3 dBi (measured), and 3.12 dBi (simulated) and 3.8 dBi (measured) in X, Ku, and K band, respectively. The overall maximum efficiency is found to be 88% for Ku band, 87.7% for X‐band, and 78% for K‐band. Group delay variation remains below the accepted range (0.8 ns). The proposed antenna is analyzed using HFSS software by ANSYS and the simulated results have been validated by experimental results.
Heartbeat detection using a Doppler radar sensor based on the scaling function of wavelet transform
Authors: Choi Cheol‐Ho , Park Jae‐Hyun , Lee Ha‐Neul , Yang Jong‐Ryul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe heartbeat detection using the scaling function of Wavelet transform is proposed for a Doppler radar sensor. The conventional methods such as the fast‐Fourier transform and the autocorrelation show the respiration rate and the heartbeat from the raw data of the radar sensors acquiring for a sufficient sampling time. The methods have the limit to detect the biometric information that varies with real‐time because they only show the overall statistical information of the sampled data. In the proposed method, the scaling function in the Daubechies wavelet transform can be used to accurately find out the periodicity of radar signals for detecting heartbeat varying in real‐time. The results of the signal processing using the radar signals acquired for 3 min results show that the proposed method lowered a mean error rate of 2.5% and a SD of 2.0% compared with the method using the wavelet function. The proposed method in the measurement for 1 minute using the radar sensor also showed the lowest mean error rate of 3.8% and the low SD of 3.2% using the contact sensor as the reference among various signal processing methods including auto‐correlation and peak detection with filtering.
The effect of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on glucoCEST signal in a preclinical model of glioblastoma
Authors: Xu Xiang , Xu Jiadi , Knutsson Linda , Liu Jing , Liu Huanling , Li Yuguo , Lal Bachchu , Laterra John , Artemov Dmitri , Liu Guanshu , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Chan Kannie W. Y. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe mammalian target of rapamycin is an enzyme that regulates cell metabolism and proliferation. It is up‐regulated in aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma, leading to increased glucose uptake and consumption. It has been suggested that glucose CEST signals reflect the delivery and tumor uptake of glucose. The inhibitor rapamycin (sirolimus) has been applied as a glucose deprivation treatment; thus, glucose CEST MRI could potentially be useful for monitoring the tumor responses to inhibitor treatment.MethodsA human U87‐EGFRvIII xenograft model in mice was studied. The mice were treated with a mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin. The effect of the treatment was evaluated in vivo with dynamic glucose CEST MRI.ResultsRapamycin treatment led to significant increases (P < 0.001) in dynamic glucose‐enhanced signal in both the tumor and contralateral brain as compared to the no‐treatment group, namely a maximum enhancement of 3.7% ± 2.3% (tumor, treatment) versus 1.9% ± 0.4% (tumor, no‐treatment), 1.7% ± 1.1% (contralateral, treatment), and 1.0% ± 0.4% (contralateral, no treatment). Dynamic glucose‐enhanced contrast remained consistently higher in treatment versus no‐treatment groups for the duration of the experiment (17 min). This was confirmed with area‐under‐curve analysis.ConclusionIncreased glucose CEST signal was found after mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibition treatment, indicating potential for dynamic glucose‐enhanced MRI to study tumor response to glucose deprivation treatment.
Modular 31P wideband inversion transfer for integrative analysis of adenosine triphosphate metabolism, T1 relaxation and molecular dynamics in skeletal muscle at 7T
Authors: Ren Jimin , Sherry A. Dean , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeFor efficient and integrative analysis of de novo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, creatine‐kinase–mediated ATP synthesis, T1 relaxation time, and ATP molecular motion dynamics in human skeletal muscle at rest.MethodsFour inversion‐transfer modules differing in center inversion frequency were combined to generate amplified magnetization transfer (MT) effects in targeted MT pathways, including Pi ↔ γ‐ATP, PCr ↔ γ‐ATP, and 31Pγ(α)ATP ↔ 31PβATP. MT effects from both forward and reverse exchange kinetic pathways were acquired to reduce potential bias and confounding factors in integrated data analysis.ResultsKinetic data collected using 4 wideband inversion modules (8 minutes each) yielded the forward exchange rate constants, kPCr→γATP = 0.31 ± 0.05 s–1 and kPi →γATP = 0.064 ± 0.012 s–1, and the reverse exchange rate constants, kγATP→Pi = 0.034 ± 0.006 s–1 and kγATP→PCr = 1.37 ± 0.22 s–1, respectively. The cross‐relaxation rate constant, σγ(α) ↔ βATP was –0.20 ± 0.03 s–1, corresponding to ATP rotational correlation time τc of 0.8 ± 0.1 × 10–7 seconds. The intrinsic T1 relaxation times were Pi (9.2 ± 1.4 seconds), PCr (6.2 ± 0.4 seconds), γ‐ATP (1.8 ± 0.1 seconds), α‐ATP (1.4 ± 0.1 seconds), and β‐ATP (1.1 ± 0.1 seconds). Muscle ATP T1 values were found to be significantly longer than those previously measured in the brain using a similar method.ConclusionA combination of multiple inversion transfer modules provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis of ATP metabolism and molecular motion dynamics. This relatively fast technique could be potentially useful for studying metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle.
Integration schemes with substepping algorithms for creep analysis in geomaterials
Authors: Quevedo Roberto , Firme Pedro , Roehl Deane 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper describes a robust and efficient methodology for predicting displacements, deformations, and stresses in geomaterials that are susceptible to creep. The methodology is based on two integration schemes, which consider substepping algorithms. The first scheme is used for integrating space‐time relations in a global sense, whereas the second scheme is used for integrating stress‐stain relations in a local sense. Different from previous studies, both integration schemes are easy to implement and general in the sense that they can be applied to any type of creep law. Through an in‐house finite element simulator, several numerical tests are performed. They include triaxial and wellbore closure analyses considering soft soils and salt rocks. The results show that the combination of both schemes leads to stable and accurate solutions with reduced computational time.
Quality of experience and quality of service‐aware handover for video transmission in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Medeiros Iago , Pacheco Lucas , Rosário Denis , Both Cristiano , Nobre Jéferson , Cerqueira Eduardo , Granville Lisandro 
Published: February 2019

SummaryHeterogeneous networks offer a wide range of multimedia services, such as entertainment, advertising, and video conferences. In this multimedia scenario, users can access video content via heterogeneous wireless networks, such as LTE macro and small cells. Users also expect to receive real‐time videos with Quality of Experience (QoE) support, which is a challenging task due to the great diversity of radio base stations in such heterogeneous environments. In this article, we introduce a Quality of Service (QoS‐)/QoE‐ and Radio‐aware (SER) handover management algorithm for heterogeneous networks to provide video dissemination with QoS/QoE support. SER algorithm considers the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to adjust the degree of importance of each criterion in order to select the appropriate radio base station that the mobile node must connect, allowing efficient handover decision making for video transmission with high user experience. Simulation results show that the SER algorithm delivered videos with significant improvement on QoE than existing handover algorithms.
Resource availability–aware adaptive provisioning of virtual data center networks
Authors: Gilesh Malayam Parambath , Madhu Kumar S D , Jacob Lillykutty 
Published: February 2019

SummaryOptimal provisioning of virtual networks with varying topologies on their physical counterpart is a major challenge in cloud data centers. Embedding the virtual network on the shared physical infrastructure poses a multitude of challenges to the infrastructure provider. This paper proposes a hybrid approach which adapts to the availability and fragmentation level of residual resources for near‐optimal mapping of multiple virtual data center networks on a substrate data center network. The proposed technique uses coordinated static and dynamic embedding phases, adaptively, to maximize the density of embedding which increases the revenue of the cloud service provider. Also, it judiciously modifies the existing mappings for efficient utilization of resources. Empirical results show that the proposed hybrid approach can attain ∼10% higher acceptance ratio compared with the existing exact and heuristic techniques in the literature. With the proposed mixed integer programming model for static embedding, the average path length is reduced by 20% compared with the existing techniques.
Weak Cn coupling for multipatch isogeometric analysis in solid mechanics
Authors: Dittmann M. , Schuß S. , Wohlmuth B. , Hesch C. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe objective of this contribution is to design a novel methodology to enforce interface conditions preserving higher‐order continuity across the interface. In recent years, isogeometric methods using NURBS as basis functions have gained increasing attention, especially in the context of higher‐order partial differential equations. They require, in general, higher continuity across interfaces, and thus, new methodologies for domain decomposition constraints capable to deal with those requirements have to be developed. In this contribution, we introduce, in a first step, the coupling constraints using a Euclidean norm on the interface and construct new basis functions. A reformulation as saddle point system allows for a comparison with classical mortar approaches and leads finally to an extended mortar method to enforce Cn continuity.
Discarded in the trash: Burials of African enslaved individuals in Valle da Gafaria, Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)
Authors: Ferreira Maria Teresa , Coelho Catarina , Wasterlain Sofia N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 2009, an excavation carried out in Valle da Gafaria, Lagos, Portugal, allowed for the recovery of the skeletal remains of 158 individuals buried in a dump used during the 15th–17th centuries. The archaeological context of the findings, the presence of African items associated with the skeletons, the skulls' morphology, and the presence of intentionally modified teeth suggest that these individuals were African enslaved individuals. The aim of this work is to analyse how these men, women, and children were inhumed according to their sex and age (adults vs. non‐adults). Adults were mostly buried in supine position (54.3%). However, more women (27.3%) than men (9.5%) were inhumed in prone position. In non‐adults, the most common positions were the supine (36.2%) and the lateralis (38.8%). The foetal position was more commonly found in non‐adults (25.0%) than adults (4.3%, only women). Both adults (79.4%) and non‐adults (80.0%) were mostly buried with an orientation other than the typical Christian canonical practice at the time (head to west and feet to east). More non‐adult individuals (66.7%) appear to have been buried with care than adults (38.8%). Regarding both the orientation and the burial care, no differences were found between the sexes. Pieces of evidence of having been tied were found in four females, one male, and one non‐adult individual. All these results support the hypothesis that these individuals were discarded, bringing light to the way these African enslaved individuals were treated even at their death.
Distraction and facilitation: The impact of emotional sounds in an emoji oddball task
Authors: Hjärtström Hanna , Sörman Daniel E. , Ljungberg Jessica K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEmotional stimuli are argued to capture attention and consume attentional resources differently depending on their emotional content. The present study investigates the impact of the automatic detection of unexpected and to‐be‐ignored emotional stimuli on human behavioral responses, and aims to unravel the differences in distraction between two negative emotional stimuli: sadness and anger. Forty participants (Mage = 25.5 years) performed a visual categorization task where angry and sad emoji faces were presented after either a standard neutral tone (in 80% of trials) or a deviant emotional sound (tone changing in pitch; sad or angry sound in 10% of trials each) that was to be ignored. Deviant trials were either congruent (e.g., sad sound—sad face) or incongruent (e.g., angry sound—sad face). Although the stimuli presented to the participants were brief and to‐be‐ignored, results indicate that participants were significantly more distracted by sad compared to angry stimuli (seen as prolonged response times). Findings are discussed with reference to the nature of the two negative emotions.