bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosswalk Traffic Light Detection for the Visually Impaired Based on Hybrid Classical-Quantum Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Tian Zhengan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel two-step method combining classical and quantum computation to accurately detect crosswalk traffic lights for visually impaired pedestrians. The first step utilizes the improved YOLOv5 model to identify crosswalk traffic light locations. In the second step, the detected lights are processed using a single-layer quantum convolutional neural network with a newly designed parameterized quantum circuit. The proposed quantum circuit reduces the number of qubits and circuit depth required while maintaining high accuracy, making it suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Experimental results demonstrate that our method has better performance compared to existing methods, achieving detection accuracy of 94.9%, precision of 95.4%, and the AUC reaches 0.98. These results also demonstrate the model’s robustness in complex traffic environments.
Study on the Mechanical Genesis Mechanism and Reservoir-Controlled Pattern of Strike-Slip Fault Pressure-Ridge Structures in the Shunbei Area,Tarim Basin
Authors: Ru¹ Zhixing , Yu Xinjing , Li Yingtao , Qiu Huabiao , Liu Shuang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The ultra-deep strike-slip fault-controlled hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Shunbei area are crucial for increasing reserves and production. However, the genesis mechanisms of the pressure-ridge structures and their reservoir-controlled patterns are not well understood, which directly limits exploration progress in this area. This study focuses on the strike-slip fault zones in the eastern Shunbei area. Based on fault structure analysis and finite element numerical simulation methods, the mechanical conditions and background of the formation of the pressure-ridge structures are investigated. Combined with typical drilling, 3D seismic data, and numerical simulation results, the reservoir-controlled pattern of strike-slip fault pressure-ridge structures is clarified. The results indicate that the formation of the pressure-ridge structures involves two main steps, initially, a near-vertical fault forms, followed by strong lateral compression. Additionally, the presence of the weak overlying cap rocks is essential for the development of these structures. In the lateral direction, the reservoir development exhibits a characteristic structure of a central fault core flanked by fracture zones. Vertically, it demonstrates a structure of shallow tensile cavities with weak compressional shear fractures, transitioning to deeper compressional breccia zones accompanied by strong compressional shear fractures. High-quality reservoirs are predominantly formed in the deeper layers along the fault. These findings are significant for enhancing the understanding of the genesis mechanisms of strike-slip faults within cratons in the Tarim Basin and for the exploration and evaluation of ultra-deep fault-controlled reservoirs in the Shunbei area.
Effectiveness of group-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in primary care: a pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Hrozanova Maria , Skarpsno Eivind Schjelderup , Follestad Turid , Kallestad Håvard , Pallesen Ståle , Nordstoga Anne Lovise , Møllerløkken Nina Elise , Rønning Astrid Sletteng , Meisingset Ingebrigt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is a prevalent disorder in the general population. However, access to the treatment of choice, cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), is very limited. Accessibility increases with group delivery and the aim of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness of a low-threshold group-delivered CBT-I implemented in primary care.
Methods: This pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted across 26 Healthy Life Centres in Norwegian primary care. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years and insomnia symptoms with a significant impact, defined as a score of ≥ 12 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Eligible participants were randomized to group-delivered CBT-I or to a waiting list according to a 2:1 ratio using a computerized centre-stratified allocation sequence. The intervention consisted of four two-hour sessions during a 4-week period, with group sizes ranging from 5 to 15 participants. The primary outcome was self-reported insomnia severity at 3-months follow-up, measured by the ISI. Participants were not blinded to group assignment, but those responsible for analyses and interpretation of the results were blinded.
Results: A total of 308 participants were enrolled and randomly allocated to group-delivered CBT-I (n=181) or waiting list (n=127). In all, 126 (99.2%) participants on the waiting list and 179 (98.9%) receiving group-delivered CBT-I completed the ISI at baseline, while 115 (90.6%) participants on the waiting list and 153 (84.5%) receiving group-delivered CBT-I completed the ISI at 3-months follow-up. The mean difference in ISI score between groups at 3-months follow-up was -3.4 (95% CI: -4.3 to -2.5), favoring the group-delivered CBT-I. Of those receiving group-delivered CBT-I, 51 (33.6%) reported a clinically relevant improvement in insomnia severity (i.e., ≥8 points on ISI), compared to 15 (13.2%) on the waiting list (OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.7 to 6.8). No major adverse events were reported by the participants.
Conclusions: Group-delivered CBT-I reduced insomnia severity at 3-months follow-up for adults with insomnia. These findings suggest that group-delivered CBT-I offered at Healthy Life Centres is a suitable low-threshold treatment for insomnia in primary care.
Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN registry on 17/11/2022 (ISRCTN16185698).
Exceptional Heat and Basin-Scale Connections in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Region in the Early 2020s
Authors: Minobe Shoshiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates recent extreme conditions in the North Pacific, which began in the late 2010s and have intensified significantly by 2024, focusing on the Kuroshio-Oyashio region. The anomalies appear to have originated in the western North Pacific, linked to changes in the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, while developments in the eastern North Pacific remained somewhat distinct. Sea surface temperature anomalies in the Kuroshio-Oyashio region have reached record-breaking levels, with deviations up to 6°C above the 1993–2022 average. Subsurface temperatures have also increased notably, accounting for 15.7% and 12.3% in the western and eastern North Pacific (28% combined) of the global ocean heat content increase in the 0–300 m layer between 2020s and 2010s. In the 2020s, the Kuroshio current extended northward to approximately 42°N along Japan’s coast, forming a loop-like pattern with a southward return flow, while the Kuroshio Extension in wider zonal extent also shifted northward. These oceanic anomalies are likely influenced by wind changes, with Sverdrup theory suggesting weakened subtropical gyres and a northward shift of the subtropical-subpolar gyre boundary. Further research is needed to fully understand, monitor, and predict these changes and their impacts on regional ecosystems.
A Novel Approach to Emergent Contextual Dynamics in Large Language Models Through Stochastic Interlayer Modulation
Authors: Lipish Nikas , Harris Mark , Martin Donald , Fairfax Orlando , Thorne Anastasia , Blackwell Beatrice 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to the development of large language models capable of generating human-like text. However, these models often encounter challenges in maintaining contextual coherence and adaptability across diverse linguistic tasks. Introducing Stochastic Interlayer Modulation (SIM) offers a novel approach to dynamically reconfigure interlayer connections within the model architecture, thereby enhancing contextual understanding and semantic consistency. Through the integration of SIM into an open-source language model, empirical evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in performance metrics, including semantic coherence, response diversity, and syntactic accuracy. The findings underscore the potential of SIM to address inherent limitations in existing language models, paving the way for more adaptable and contextually aware natural language processing systems.
Evaluation of the batch consistency of herbal chromatographic fingerprints using a comprehensive and easy-to-compute method inspired by h index
Authors: Zhu Haoyu , Liu Rui , Gu Rongling , Fu Hai-Yan , Yang Qin , Xu Lu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Chromatographic fingerprints have been widely used for quality analysis of various herbs. Although many indices have been proposed to evaluate the similarity of herbal fingerprints, most of them are designated to evaluate pair similarity and the methods to measure batch consistency have been rarely discussed. Inspired by the popular h index, which has achieved great success in bibliometrics, this paper suggested a novel h multiple similarity index (HMSI) to evaluate the batch consistency of herbal fingerprints. HMSI was defined as: based on the pairwise similarity (ranged from [0, 1]) of all objects in the batch, if M% of all the pairwise similarity values is no less than M%, then the value of HMSI is M%. For applications, HMSI was used to evaluate the batch consistency of different herbal fingerprints, and the results were compared with those obtained by average similarity and median similarity. The results demonstrated that compared with average similarity and median similarity, HMSI is more reasonable to evaluate batch consistency of fingerprints and the herbal quality control system behind them. Similar to the original h index, HMSI not only includes the similarity intensity of objects in a batch, but also considered the quantity of objects with high similarity. HMSI was a simple, robust, easy-to-compute and yet comprehensive index to evaluate batch consistency of herbal fingerprints and herbal quality control system.
Pediatric Gaucher Disease with Secondary Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor)
Authors: Algutaini Safana Abdullah , Aljuma'ai Nabil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GBA gene (Smith et al., 2017). It results in glucocerebrosidase deficiency, leading to the accumulation of glucocerebrosides in macrophages, causing systemic manifestations such as splenomegaly, anemia, and growth retardation (Hayes et al., 1998). This case report describes a 1-year and 5-month-old female diagnosed with GD, whose condition was further complicated by protein-energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor) (Iaccarino Idelson et al., 2022). This report highlights the challenges of managing GD in resource-limited settings and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach.
Evaluating groundwater depletion under natural and induced stresses: a numerical modeling approach toward aquifer sustainability
Authors: Tewari Ankit , Singh Prabhat Kumar , Gaur Shishir , Kumar Ranveer , Mishra Shreyansh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The ever-increasing demand for freshwater has led to the overexploitation of aquifers. Despite its known importance, integrated studies reckoning the impact of external stress on budget components are limited. This study assessed the spatiotemporal impact of recharge and abstraction stresses in Lower Betwa River Basin (LBRB) aquifers, India, from 2003 to 2020, using SWAT and MODFLOW-NWT models. The simulated difference in groundwater inflow and outflow components was accounted by a net cumulative storage loss of 36.5 Mm3/year. Mann-Kendall trend analysis indicated that about 62 % of the LBRB showed a declining trend in groundwater levels (0 - 1.2 m/year), 30% of the area had no significant trend and around 8% area showed an increasing trend. Spatial storage variations indicated that 78% of basin area was under stable aquifer systems while 1.6% area was under very high storage stress. Application of management scenarios to reduce groundwater storage loss exhibited that a 20% reduction in abstraction rates would reduce storage loss by 29% and 16% in Bamaur and Gursarai blocks. An integrated approach of abstraction reduction and increased inflow through managed aquifer recharge was the most suitable management solution to offset groundwater depletion and achieve long term sustainability in the LBRB.
Enhancing flood forecasting and warning precision through multi-task deep learning approaches
Authors: Yoon Seong-Sim , Park Moonhyung 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a multi-task deep learning model for simultaneous prediction of time-series water levels and flood risk thresholds, aiming to enhance flood forecasting precision. Using AutoKeras, single-task and multi-task models were optimised to predict water levels 10–360 min ahead based on 720 min of prior data. The multi-task model consistently outperformed the single-task model across multiple evaluation metrics, including correlation coefficients, root mean squared error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, and Kling–Gupta efficiency scores. Real-time prediction tests on actual rainfall events further validated the multi-task model's improved accuracy and applicability in operational flood forecasting. The study demonstrates significant progress in flood prediction methodologies, offering a more comprehensive approach to forecasting and categorising flood incidents.
Water supply for refugees and their host communities in protracted situations: costs and financing options for sustaining services in Ethiopia and Uganda
Authors: Pearce Joseph , Verstraete Lavuun , Mutswenje Mark , Katsi Luckson , Magara Peter , Goyol Kitka , Butterworth John , Mondorf David , Henrike Klau-Panhans Daniela 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on a study to identify the actual costs of water supply in two contexts with long-term refugee populations: Itang in the Gambella region of Ethiopia and Rwamwanja in the Kamwenge District of Uganda. Following the initial rapid, overwhelming demand for services at these locations, the water services have evolved through different phases of investment with concerted efforts made to both improve services and reduce costs. Most recently, this has included the adoption of utility management models. In Itang, Ethiopia, the transition from emergency water supply and water trucking to a metered piped water network along with the establishment of a utility and a shift to solar power has significantly reduced the cost of supplying water from $11.38 per cubic metre (m3) to $0.93 per m3 between 2014 and 2024. In Rwamwanja, Uganda, the costs of water supply, including both capital investments and estimated operating costs, were $1.42 per m3 in the first phase and later reduced to $0.29 per m3 between 2012 and 2024. This paper seeks to provide evidence to support the discussion on how water services can be financed to meet the needs of refugees and their host communities on a sustainable basis.
Causes of Rural Urban Migration in Rwanda
Authors: Niyonzima Emmanuel 
Published: November 2024

The primary objective of this research was to examine the factors behind rural-urban migration in developing countries, using Rwanda as a case study. Specifically, it sought to analyse the drivers of rural-urban migration in developing countries and the demographic influences on migrants. Only secondary data sources were utilized for this study. These secondary data were gathered through a review of reports from reputable institutions, as well as consultation of books, articles, and other scholarly materials. The findings indicate that rural-urban migration is prompted by a combination of push and pull factors. Push factors consist of factors such as diminished agricultural productivity, poverty, the aspiration for better opportunities, limited arable land, and high rates of unemployment. Conversely, pull factors encompass the attraction of more lucrative employment opportunities in urban centres, as well as access to improved services such as healthcare, education, and overall quality of life. Evidence also reveals certain demographic indicators that influence migration patterns. For instance, individuals within the middle age range exhibit a greater propensity to migrate compared to both younger and older age groups. Moreover, unmarried individuals are more likely to migrate than those who are married. Nevertheless, empirical evidence indicates that the factors compelling individuals to move from rural to urban areas outweigh those drawing them in the opposite direction in Rwanda. Consequently, in light of the aforementioned migration catalysts, it is advisable for the government to equitably allocate resources to both urban and rural regions, mobilize rural communities to enhance agricultural practices, and prioritize efforts to improve education in these areas.
Raides su diakritikais turintys emigrantų vaikų vardai didžiosiose emigracijos iš Lietuvos šalyse 1991–2020 m.
Authors: Sinkevičiūtė Daiva 
Published: November 2024

Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Airijoje, Norvegijoje ir Vokietijoje 1991–2020 m. gimusiems emigrantų iš Lietuvos vaikams dažnai duoti vardai, kurių formos įprastos lietuvių kalbai, bet didžioji dalis šių asmenvardžių neturi raidžių su diakritikais. Kai tėvai išrinko vaikams vardus su raidėmis, turinčiomis diakritikus (šie vardai būdingesni mergaitėms), su jomis ir registravo daugumą asmenvardžių – įprastomis lietuvių kalbos formomis. Netinkamai dokumentuose užrašytuose varduose dažniausiai vietoj raidės ė yra e, ypač mergaičių vardų galūnėse. Kartais raidė ė pasitaikė ir kitoms kalboms įprastuose varduose, kas rodo lietuvių kalbos įtaką.
Edición genética e inteligencia artificial: Desafíos éticos frente a los avances biotecnológicos
Authors: Ostos Ortiz Olga Lucia 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo. Analizar los dilemas éticos más relevantes que surgen a raíz de los avances biotecnológicos, enfocándose en cuestiones como la equidad en el acceso a las tecnologías, los riesgos para la salud pública y la protección de los derechos humanos. Metodología. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo basado en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura y un análisis crítico, utilizando fuentes como PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Resultados. En las últimas décadas, la biotecnología ha avanzado de forma acelerada, impulsando desarrollos significativos en áreas como la edición genética, el diagnóstico preimplantacional, la clonación y la inteligencia artificial. Estos avances presentan desafíos éticos que demandan un escrutinio profundo desde la bioética. Conclusión. La bioética debe adaptarse a estos retos emergentes, promoviendo un equilibrio entre la innovación tecnológica, la sostenibilidad ambiental y el respeto por la dignidad humana.
A Development of the Turnitin System in Improving Plagiarism Detection for Islamic Religious Education Studies
Authors: Izi Arilana Nur , Anggraini Fadhilla Nangroe , Regita Rahma , Rabiatuladawiyah Rabiatuladawiyah 
Published: November 2024

The development of the turnitin system is used to minimize the similarities of words or sentences in writing articles or scientific papers. Turnitin, a widely used plagiarism detection software, provides a solution to identify and prevent plagiarism. However, it is important to adapt it to the context and specific needs of Islamic Religious Education studies at private Islamic universities. The proposed solution includes the integration of Turnitin with Islamic literature databases as well as the adjustment of detection algorithms to recognize religious texts. The existing problems include the impact of the turnitin system, development efforts and challenges, and problems related to plagiarism detection in the study of Islamic religious education. This type of research is called field research, which is to obtain data from direct research on the development of the turnitin system for improving plagiarism detection in Islamic religious education studies. The research is included in qualitative research with data collection techniques using direct observation in university libraries and supporting documents such as books, journals, and other sources. This Turnitin functions to check the level of similarity between sentences, words, paragraphs, and word structures of a written work with a written work made by someone or a student with someone else's previously published own. The development of the Turnitin system on each campus has its own advantages, but it also faces challenges from the side of students and the academic community related to maintaining academic integrity. This is essential for building trust, honesty, and creating a culture of excellence and professionalism while maintaining Turnitin's integrity. The biggest challenge faced is the emergence of the latest features provided by Turnitin, both turnitin draft coach and conventional turnitin.
Rare Case: Tetra-Amelia Syndrome
Authors: Alifa Dhara , Aziz Muhammad Alamsyah , Ritonga Mulyanusa Amarullah , Pribadi Adhi 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Congenital abnormalities are anomalies that become a fear for a family, when a mother experiences pregnancy. Some abnormalities are temporary and can be corrected, while some are permanent and cannot be corrected, so screening at antenatal time is very important.Objective: To explain and analyze a rare case of Tetra-amelia syndrome and how to diagnose it.Case: A 32-year-old woman with a 32-week-old G3P0A2 pregnancy visited the maternal-fetal clinic. According to ultrasound data, a single fetus with a gestational age of 31-32 weeks and a fetal weight of 1837 grams is in breech presentation. Only the proximal components of the arm and leg are formed, leaving the radius bones, ulna, tibia, and fibula unformed. The femur has a length that corresponds to 16 weeks, while the humerus has a length that corresponds to 20 weeks. These findings also revealed a discrepancy in pregnancy age. A tetra-amelia abnormality was discovered at the end of the ultrasound scan. Caesarean section performed on August 6, 2021, at the age of 39 weeks, a baby girl has been born baby girl a baby girl weighing 2300 grams, a body length of 31 cm, with mild asphyxia.Conclusion: During antenatal care, ultrasound on the unidentified distal part of the entire extremity can detect Tetra-amelia syndrome.Kasus Langka: Sindrom Tetra-ameliaAbstrak Pendahuluan: Kelainan bawaan adalah anomali yang menjadi trauma bagi keluarga, ketika seorang ibu mengalami kehamilan. Beberapa kelainan bersifat sementara dan dapat diobati, sementara beberapa bersifat permanen dan tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga skrining pada waktu antenatal sangat penting.Tujuan: Artikel ini untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis kasus langka sindrom Tetra-amelia dan cara mendiagnosisnya.Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 32 tahun dengan kehamilan G3P0A2 berusia 32 minggu mengunjungi klinik fetomaternal. Hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi menunjukan janin tunggal dengan usia kehamilan 31 - 32 minggu dan berat janin 1837 gram dalam letak sungsang. Hanya komponen proksimal lengan dan kaki yang terbentuk, sedangkan tulang jari-jari, ulna, tibia, dan fibula tidak terbentuk. Femur memiliki panjang yang sesuai dengan 16 minggu, sedangkan humerus memiliki panjang yang sesuai dengan 20 minggu. Kelainan tetra-amelia dapat dideteksi dengan pemindaian ultrasonografi. Pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2021 presentasi sungsang, dilakukan operasi caesar, lahir bayi perempuan pada usia 39 minggu, berat 2300 gram, panjang 31 cm, disertai asfiksia ringan.Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi pada perawatan antenatal dapat mendeteksi sindrom Tetra-amelia, bila bagian distal ekstremitas tidak teridentifikasi.Kata kunci:Sindrom Tetra-amelia, Ultrasonografi, Kelainan Kongenital