bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Deep‐Red‐ to Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing and Emissive Benzo/Naphtho[b]furan‐Fused Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY)
Authors: Li Yue , Qiao Zhi , Li Tian‐yi , Zeika Olaf , Leo Karl 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo aryl‐fused BODIPY dyes BF‐BDP and NF‐BDP were synthesized with benzofuran and naphtho[b]furan fusions on the α,β‐positions of the BODIPY skeleton, respectively, resulting in large linear conjugated structures. Both molecules were planar and were characterized as intense deep‐red/NIR emitters with emission bands tunable by the solution concentration. Their emission bands were red‐shifted to λ=730 and 760 nm in vacuum‐deposited films.
Evaluation of bone marrow microenvironment could change how myelodysplastic syndromes are diagnosed and treated
Authors: Aanei Carmen Mariana , Catafal Lydia Campos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders. However, the therapies used against the hematopoietic stem cells clones have limited efficacy; they slow the evolution toward acute myeloid leukemia rather than stop clonal evolution and eradicate the disease. The progress made in recent years regarding the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease evolution may contribute to progress in this area. This review presents the recent updates on the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes pathogenesis and tries to find answers regarding how this information could improve myelodysplastic syndromes diagnosis and therapy.
Microfluidic Based Optical Microscopes on Chip
Authors: Paiè Petra , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Osellame Roberto , Bragheri Francesca , Bassi Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLast decade's advancements in optofluidics allowed obtaining an ever increasing integration of different functionalities in lab on chip devices to culture, analyze, and manipulate single cells and entire biological specimens. Despite the importance of optical imaging for biological sample monitoring in microfluidics, imaging is traditionally achieved by placing microfluidics channels in standard bench‐top optical microscopes. Recently, the development of either integrated optical elements or lensless imaging methods allowed optical imaging techniques to be implemented in lab on chip systems, thus increasing their automation, compactness, and portability. In this review, we discuss known solutions to implement microscopes on chip that exploit different optical methods such as bright‐field, phase contrast, holographic, and fluorescence microscopy.
NADH Autofluorescence—A Marker on its Way to Boost Bioenergetic Research
Authors: Schaefer Patrick M. , Kalinina Sviatlana , Rueck Angelika , von Arnim Christine A.F. , von Einem Bjoern 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMore than 60 years ago, the idea was introduced that NADH autofluorescence could be used as a marker of cellular redox state and indirectly also of cellular energy metabolism. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of NADH autofluorescence offers a marker‐free readout of the mitochondrial function of cells in their natural microenvironment and allows different pools of NADH to be distinguished within a cell. Despite its many advantages in terms of spatial resolution and in vivo applicability, this technique still requires improvement in order to be fully useful in bioenergetics research. In the present review, we give a summary of technical and biological challenges that have so far limited the spread of this powerful technology. To help overcome these challenges, we provide a comprehensible overview of biological applications of NADH imaging, along with a detailed summary of valid imaging approaches that may be used to tackle many biological questions. This review is meant to provide all scientists interested in bioenergetics with support on how to embed successfully NADH imaging in their research. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Habitat preference of an herbivore shapes the habitat distribution of its host plant
Authors: Alexandre Nicolas M. , Humphrey Parris T. , Gloss Andrew D. , Lee Jimmy , Frazier Joseph , Affeldt Henry A. , Whiteman Noah K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlant distributions can be limited by habitat‐biased herbivory, but the proximate causes of such biases are rarely known. Distinguishing plant‐centric from herbivore‐centric mechanisms driving differential herbivory between habitats is difficult without experimental manipulation of both plants and herbivores. Here, we tested alternative hypotheses driving habitat‐biased herbivory in bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia), which is more abundant under the shade of shrubs and trees (shade) than in nearby meadows (sun) where herbivory is intense from the specialist fly Scaptomyza nigrita. This system has served as a textbook example of habitat‐biased herbivory driving a plant's distribution across an ecotone, but the proximate mechanisms underlying differential herbivory are still unclear. First, we found that higher S. nigrita herbivory in sun habitats contrasts sharply with their preference to attack plants from shade habitats in laboratory‐choice experiments. Second, S. nigrita strongly preferred leaves in simulated sun over simulated shade habitats, regardless of plant source habitat. Thus, herbivore preference for brighter, warmer habitats overrides their preference for more palatable shade plants. This promotes the sun‐biased herbivore pressure that drives the distribution of bittercress into shade habitats.
Food habits and ontogenetic dietary partitioning of American crocodiles in a tropical Pacific Island in Central America
Authors: Balaguera‐Reina Sergio A. , Venegas‐Anaya Miryam , Beltrán‐López Valeria , Cristancho Alejandra , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies on food habits are fundamental to understanding the ecology of a species and its interactions with the community to which it belongs. Among crocodylians, diet affects a variety of biological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics. However, despite having one of the largest distributions across the Americas, some aspects of Crocodylus acutus’ natural history remain poorly studied, particularly in insular areas. We characterized American crocodiles’ food habits in Coiba Island, Panama, assessing ontogenetic dietary variation and dietary overlap by age group and size. We captured and collected stomach content samples from 49 individuals from four transects from March to December 2013. From these samples, we could taxonomically identify three phyla, four subphyla, eight classes, 11 orders, 17 families, 14 genera, and 12 species as prey items. However, not all samples could be identified to the lowest taxon (species), having most of them identified only to family level. Large juveniles had the largest proportion of prey items and subadults the largest proportion of gastroliths and vegetal content. Percent occurrence per major categories (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals) showed crustaceans and insects as the most prominent groups of prey items on this island. Overlapping group analysis showed a reduction in the consumption of invertebrates (crustaceans and insects) as individuals aged. However, these items were the most common throughout all American crocodiles sampled. Dietary overlap analyses showed a likely ontogenetic dietary partitioning with high overlap (>60%) between small and large juveniles and low overlap (<30%) among small juveniles, subadults, and adults. To date, 71 species have been reported as prey items for American crocodiles. However, relying on prey items identified only to genus, we had at least 97 prey items. Thus, C. acutus can be defined as generalist with a broad spectrum of prey inhabiting all types of habitats and having all types of consumption classifications. Overall, American crocodiles inhabiting coastal areas present some differences in both dietary composition and structure with those dwelling inland and freshwater habitats as well as an interindividual diet variation, which reflects the plasticity and adaptability of C. acutus to a variety of conditions.
Correlates of narcissism, self‐reported lies, and self‐assessed abilities to tell and detect lies, tell truths, and believe others
Authors: Zvi Liza , Elaad Eitan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis novel research focuses on the relations amongst narcissistic features, self‐assessed communication abilities related to lies and truths, and reports about actual lying. One hundred twenty‐five participants rated their ability to succeed at telling lies, telling the truth convincingly, detecting lies, and believing others. The participants also completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and reported their weekly lying frequency using designated questions. Results indicated a positive link between narcissism and self‐ratings of the lie‐telling ability. High narcissistic scorers further exhibited confidence in their abilities to detect lies and to convince listeners using truthful communication. Finally, narcissism correlated with reports of telling frequent lies. Different narcissistic subscales correlated with telling different kinds of lies. The theoretical significance of the present results and their importance to the legal system were discussed.
Assessing regional left ventricular thickening dysfunction and dyssynchrony via personalized modeling and 3D wall thickness measurements for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Khalid Amirah , Lim Einly , Chan Bee Ting , Abdul Aziz Yang Faridah , Chee Kok Han , Yap Hwa Jen , Liew Yih Miin 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundExisting clinical diagnostic and assessment methods could be improved to facilitate early detection and treatment of cardiac dysfunction associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to reduce morbidity and mortality.PurposeTo develop 3D personalized left ventricular (LV) models and thickening assessment framework for assessing regional wall thickening dysfunction and dyssynchrony in AMI patients.Study TypeRetrospective study, diagnostic accuracy.SubjectsForty‐four subjects consisting of 15 healthy subjects and 29 AMI patients.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/steady‐state free precession cine MRI scans; LGE MRI scans.AssessmentQuantitative thickening measurements across all cardiac phases were correlated and validated against clinical evaluation of infarct transmurality by an experienced cardiac radiologist based on the American Heart Association (AHA) 17‐segment model.Statistical TestNonparametric 2‐k related sample‐based Kruskal–Wallis test; Mann–Whitney U‐test; Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsHealthy LV wall segments undergo significant wall thickening (P < 0.05) during ejection and have on average a thicker wall (8.73 ± 1.01 mm) compared with infarcted wall segments (2.86 ± 1.11 mm). Myocardium with thick infarct (ie, >50% transmurality) underwent remarkable wall thinning during contraction (thickening index [TI] = 1.46 ± 0.26 mm) as opposed to healthy myocardium (TI = 4.01 ± 1.04 mm). For AMI patients, LV that showed signs of thinning were found to be associated with a significantly higher percentage of dyssynchrony as compared with healthy subjects (dyssynchrony index [DI] = 15.0 ± 5.0% vs. 7.5 ± 2.0%, P < 0.01). Also, a strong correlation was found between our TI and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.892, P < 0.01), and moderate correlation between DI and LVEF (r = 0.494, P < 0.01).Data ConclusionThe extracted regional wall thickening and DIs are shown to be strongly correlated with infarct severity, therefore suggestive of possible practical clinical utility.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1006–1019.
Analysis of clinical outcomes of upper and lower extremity reconstructions in patients with soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Kapoor Trishul , Banuelos Joseph , Adabi Kian , Moran Steven L. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesPrimary amputations have been the standard of treatment for extremity soft tissue sarcomas. However, over the last few decades, this mode of treatment has been increasingly replaced by limb‐sparing procedures.1 Our goal is to report the clinical outcomes of upper and lower extremity reconstructions in patients with a history of soft‐tissue sarcoma.MethodsA retrospective review of 178 patients with a history of soft‐tissue sarcoma who underwent upper or lower extremity reconstructions was conducted. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, type of flap utilized, functional outcomes, and postoperative donor‐/recipient‐site complications (DSC/RSC) were analyzed. Variables were compared between free and pedicle flaps (FF or PF).ResultsPF reconstructions had a higher rate of DSC (P < 0.044), whereas FF reconstructions had a higher rate of RSC (P < 0.03). Upper extremity reconstruction resulted in a mean QuickDASH score of 5.98 (SD 9.37) with no significant difference between PF and FF. Lower extremity reconstruction resulted in a mean score of 71.2 (SD 10.7) for PF and 71.3 (SD 5.1) for FF on the Lower Extremity Function Scale.ConclusionLimb‐preserving reconstruction with PF and FF is a reliable and safe option after sarcoma resection. In addition, long‐term outcomes are promising and reassure the adequate functionality of the limb.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in Chinese han patients with resected colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Jiqing , Gu Jianhua , Ma Xiaotian , Li Xiao , Liu Xiaojuan , Kang Fengling , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEstimates of survival after curative colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery are the basis of patient care and treatment planning. A nomogram is a useful tool for individualized cancer prognosis.MethodsA total of 2450 patients with nonmetastatic CRC were included to develop a nomogram. Prognostic factors were identified and integrated by the Cox proportional hazards model. Then, we developed and validated a prognostic nomogram. The performance of this model was assessed by the concordance index (C‐index) and a calibration curve. The nomogram was internally validated by bootstrapping and externally validated with a separate database of 299 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas.ResultsAge, T stage, N stage, histological type, tumor location, lymph‐vascular invasion, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, and sample lymph nodes were integrated into the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram for predicting overall survival was higher than that of the seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system (training data set, 0.76 vs 0.68, respectively; P < 0.001; validation data set, 0.78 vs 0.69, respectively; P = 0.003).ConclusionWe developed a prognostic nomogram for patients with nonmetastatic CRC, which could provide a more individualized outcome prognostication than that afforded by the TNM staging system by using common clinicopathologic factors.
Effect of mapping biopsy on surgical management of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yao Siyuan , Taura Kojiro , Okuda Yukihiro , Kodama Yuzo , Uza Norimitsu , Gouda Naoki , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Okajima Hideaki , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe effect of endoscopic transpapillary mapping biopsy (MB) on decision‐making of surgical indications, selecting surgical procedures, or operative outcomes remains unclear.MethodsTwo‐hundred and thirty‐four patients with cholangiocarcinoma who were evaluated for surgical resection from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed. MB was performed in 80 patients who underwent tumor resection. We examined how MB affected operative indications or modified surgical procedures. Operative curability was compared between patients with and without preoperative MB.ResultsMB resulted in avoidance of noncurative resections in eight patients (14%, 8/57) of abandoned laparotomies. Based on the MB, surgical procedures were modified in nine patients (11.3%, 9/80), and this was justified by pathological examinations in eight patients (88.9%, 8/9). The MB group had an improved negative margin rate (83.8% vs 67.5%,
P = 0.017) and a lower incidence of carcinoma in situ (8.8% vs 20.0%,
P = 0.043) at the first cut than the non‐MB group. The incidence of bile leakage was significantly lower in the MB group in both anastomotic site (5.0% vs 16.3%,
P = 0.018) and parenchymal surface (2.5% vs 10.0%,
P = 0.043).ConclusionMB is helpful for selecting optimal surgical procedure for cholangiocarcinoma and it contributes for safe surgery by securing negative bile duct margin on the first cut.
LEADERSHIP FORGED IN CRISIS
Authors: Koehn Nancy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFive great leaders from history (Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, Ernest Shackleton, Rachel Carson, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer), according to Koehn, had their leadership forged in crisis. She writes that “leaders can emerge from many different backgrounds, genders, races, and personality types.” Each leader was made, not born, and faced varying degrees of hardship, from Douglass' escape from slavery to Carson's hardscrabble upbringing. She writes, “Perhaps most significant, each of the five leaders embraced a mission uniquely his or her own.” Koehn elaborates on Carson's sensitivity and the ingenuity of Lincoln and Douglass. She concludes that “the very way that each lived was an act of leadership unto itself, whose impact resonates—and calls to us—in the early 21st century.”
Arabinoxylan Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes by Improvement of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Nie Qixing , Chen Haihong , Hu Jielun , Gao He , Fan Linlin , Long Zhimin , Nie Shaoping 
Published: September 2018

ScopeType 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder worldwide, which causes severe health and economic problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which arabinoxylan from Plantago asiatica L. attenuates type 2 diabetes from the perspective of urine metabolomics.Methods and ResultsHigh‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rats are treated with arabinoxylan, then the urine samples are collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis by UPLC–Triple‐TOF/MS. Diabetes causes significant increases in the levels of acetone, glucose, 2‐oxoglutarate, and leucine, and significant decreases in the concentrations of creatine, histidine, lysine, l‐tryptophan, hippurate, l‐cysteine, kynurenine, and arabitol as compared with normal rats (p < 0.01). And these 12 metabolites (with VIP cut‐off value > 1) can be used as biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. A total of 21 urinary metabolites are significantly improved by arabinoxylan administration in diabetic rats, and these metabolites are mainly involved in TCA cycle, and metabolism of lipid and ketone body, taurine and hypotaurine, tryptophan, and branched chain amino acids.ConclusionArabinoxylan administration improves carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats, which provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes as well as the effects of arabinoxylan.
A peridynamics model for strain localization analysis of geomaterials
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Khalili Nasser 
Published: September 2018

SummaryGeomaterials such as sand and clay are highly heterogeneous multiphase materials. Nonlocality (or a characteristic length scale) in modeling geomaterials based on the continuum theory can be associated with several factors, for instance, the physical interactions of material points within finite distance, the homogenization or smoothing process of material heterogeneity, and the particle or problem size‐dependent mechanical behavior (eg, the thickness of shear bands) of geomaterials. In this article, we formulate a nonlocal elastoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials by adapting a local elastoplastic model for geomaterials at a constant suction through the constitutive correspondence principle of the state‐based peridynamics theory. We numerically implement this nonlocal constitutive model via the classical return‐mapping algorithm of computational plasticity. We first conduct a one‐dimensional compression test of a soil sample at a constant suction through the numerical model with three different values of the nonlocal variable (horizon) δ. We then present a strain localization analysis of a soil sample under the constant suction and plane strain conditions with different nonlocal variables. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlocal model can be used to simulate the inception and propagation of shear banding as well as to capture the thickness of shear bands in geomaterials at a constant suction.
Control of nitrogen doping in NaTaO3 synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and chemical state of nitrogen
Authors: Ozawa Akiyo , Kobayashi Keita , Yoshida Tomoko 
Published: September 2018

Nitrogen‐doped NaTaO3 was synthesized through 1‐pot reaction, hydrothermal process using Ta3N5 as precursor. Changing concentration and amount of NaOH aqueous solution influenced nitrogen content in NaTaO3. Absorption edge of nitrogen‐doped NaTaO3 was extended at 570 nm, and absorbance in visible light region depended on nitrogen content in NaTaO3. Anodic photocurrent measured under visible light irradiation became larger with increasing nitrogen content in NaTaO3‐xNy. Under ultraviolet light irradiation (λ ≤ 400 nm), the highest anodic photocurrent was observed when nitrogen concentration was y = 0.024. It was possible to expand the wavelength range that can be effectively utilized for the photoelectrochemical reaction.
One‐Pot Pseudo Five Component Synthesis of Biologically Relevant 1,2,6‐Triaryl‐4‐arylamino‐piperidine‐3‐ene‐3‐ carboxylates: A Decade Update
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Devi Mamta , Kumari Anjana , Devi Rekha , Banerjee Bubun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPiperidines, an important class of N‐heterocycles, are very common in naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Recently, functionalized piperidines, specifically, 1,2,6‐triaryl‐4‐arylamino‐piperidine‐3‐ene‐3‐carboxylates have drawn considerable attention due to its diverse pharmacological efficacies that include anti‐cancer, anti‐microbial, anti‐oxidant, anti‐fungal, anti‐inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. As a result, during the last decade, a number of methods reported for the synthesis of 1,2,6‐triaryl‐4‐arylamino‐piperidine‐3‐ene‐3‐carboxylates via one‐pot pseudo five‐component reactions of aromatic aldehydes, anilines and β‐keto esters under various reaction conditions. The present review deals with the ‘‘up to date” developments on the synthesis of 1,2,6‐triaryl‐4‐arylamino‐piperidine‐3‐ene‐3‐carboxylates reported so far.