bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioner and mental healthcare use in a community sample of people with diagnostic threshold symptoms of bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and other eating disorders
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Ghabrial Brittany , Mannan Haider , Conti Janet , Gonzalez‐Chica David , Stocks Nigel , Heriseanu Andreea , Touyz Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveLengthy delays in receiving treatment have been reported for people with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to investigate healthcare use and predictors of mental health specialist healthcare use in a community sample of individuals with diagnostic threshold symptoms of BN, BED‐Broad, or another eating disorder (Other ED).MethodIn 2017, 2,977 individuals aged ≥15 years were interviewed in a general population survey. Participants were asked questions relating to sociodemographic, ED symptoms, other clinical features, and healthcare use data. Assessment of ED symptoms was based on diagnostic questions derived from the eating disorder examination.ResultsThirty‐six participants with symptoms of BN, 33 participants with BED‐Broad, and 369 with an Other ED were identified. Fewer people with symptoms of BN/BED‐Broad (23%) or an Other ED (6%) had treatment from a mental health specialist than from a general practitioner (GP; 80%, 71.6%). Healthcare use differed significantly across type of ED only for treatment from a mental health specialist. In multivariate analyses, being asked about a person's mental health by a GP was the best explanatory variable for receiving treatment from a mental health specialist.DiscussionA large treatment gap exists in healthcare for people with EDs. Inquiry about an individual's mental health by a GP was associated with higher rates of treatment from mental health specialists. However, a similar diet/eating inquiry did not have this association. Future research should consider the use of this patient and practitioner consultation in targeting improved detection of EDs.
Outcomes for elderly patients 75 years and older treated with curative intent radiotherapy for mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: Horsley Patrick J. , Perera Lakmalie , Veness Michael J. , Stevens Mark J. , Eade Thomas N. , Back Michael , Brown Chris , Jayamanne Dasantha T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (mHNSCC) represent a challenging clinical dilemma.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients ≥75 years, treated with curative‐intent radiotherapy for mHNSCC in two quaternary Sydney hospitals between 2007 and 2017.ResultsNinety‐five patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 79 years (75‐94). Patients received radiotherapy alone (n = 24), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 22), surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 45), or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 4). Median follow‐up was 4.5 years, median overall survival (OS) was 3.8 years, and 2‐year and 5‐year OS were 56% and 43%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≥2 (P < .001) was a statistically significant predictor of reduced OS. Thirty‐four patients (36%) required hospitalization, 5 (5%) did not complete radiotherapy, and 9 (9%) were feeding tube dependent beyond 6 months.ConclusionsAppropriately selected elderly patients can achieve durable outcomes from curative intent radiotherapy with acceptable treatment toxicity.
Evaluation of corneal epithelial thickness in glaucomatous patients using anterior‐segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Montorio Daniela , Cennamo Gilda , Breve Maria A. , Fiore Ugo , Reibaldi Michele , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Cennamo Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe corneal epithelium represents one of the main structures that undergo degenerative alterations due to antiglaucomatous therapy. Chronic glaucoma therapy containing benzalkonium chloride induces epithelial cellular changes and inflammatory infiltration that in turn causes ocular surface changes resulting in ocular discomfort. Also, age‐related changes can involve the tear film stability and the corneal epithelium surface with reduction of microvilli. The objective of this study is to gain insights about the changes in corneal epithelium in glaucomatous patients divided according to age, type and duration of therapy using anterior‐segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT). This study evaluated a total of 81 eyes of 42 patients for whom corneal epithelium thickness (CET) was measured in different sectors of the cornea. Our results showed no significant differences in CET among patients divided according to type and duration of treatment, while younger patients showed a thinner CET in comparison with older patients. AS‐OCT results demonstrated that the physiological age‐related alterations contributed to corneal epithelium changes in patients undergo chronic antiglaucoma therapy.
Optical investigation of three‐dimensional human skin equivalents: A pilot study
Authors: Kallepalli Akhil , McCall Blake , James David B. , Junaid Sarah , Halls James , Richardson Mark A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional living models of human skin that are prepared in vitro by seeding cells onto an appropriate scaffold. They recreate the structure and biological behaviour of real skin, allowing the investigation of processes such as keratinocyte differentiation and interactions between the dermal and epidermal layers. However, for wider applications, their optical and mechanical properties should also replicate those of real skin. We therefore conducted a pilot study to investigate the optical properties of HSEs. We compared Monte Carlo simulations of (a) real human skin and (b) two‐layer optical models of HSEs with (c) experimental measurements of transmittance through HSE samples. The skin layers were described using a hybrid collection of optical attenuation coefficients. A linear relationship was observed between the simulations and experiments. For samples thinner than 0.5 mm, an exponential increase in detected power was observed due to fewer instances of absorption and scattering.
Extraction and identification by mass spectrometry of phenolic compounds from canola seed cake
Authors: Zardo Ivanor , Rodrigues Naira Poerner , Sarkis Júlia R , Marczak Ligia DF 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCanola oil processing generates as by‐products cakes rich in proteins, which have high nutritional value. These cakes contain an expressive amount of phenolic compounds which are important as antioxidants, but can interfere in proteins nutritional value. The aim of this work was to identify the phenolic compounds present in canola seed cake and to maximize their extraction by investigating the factors: temperature (20–70 °C), ethanol concentration in water (0–85%) and sample/solvent ratio (1:5–1:20).RESULTSThe maximum phenolic compounds amount was obtained at 65 °C, ethanol concentration of 35% and sample/solvent ratio of 1:20. At this condition, more than 95% of these compounds were extracted from the canola seed cake. It was observed that the solvent could be re‐used for additional extractions, reducing the solvent consumption. A large number of phenolic compounds were identified (24 compounds) and quantified, including sinapic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides derivatives and major and minor sinapoyl choline derivatives.CONCLUSIONThe phenolic compounds can be easily extracted from the canola seed cake, resulting in a cake with low antinutrients content and, in contrast, an extract rich in antioxidant compounds with possible use as a natural source of antioxidants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Unexpected high‐risk pathologic features following thyroidectomy in the chinese immigrant population
Authors: Badhey Arvind K. , Moshier Erin , Jategaonkar Ameya , Wong Anni , Echanique Kristen , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo compare rates of unexpected high‐risk pathologic features between Chinese and non‐Asian patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic urban medical center. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma from 2015 to 2017 were included. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and tumor histopathology were analyzed. Primary outcome was the presence of adverse histopathologic features such as lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or microscopic/minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE). Differences between the groups were analyzed using multivariate logistical regression analysis and propensity score‐weighted analysis.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐nine patients were included: 58 Chinese‐born and 121 non‐Asian. The median age of the cohort was 47 years old (36–58). Twenty‐nine percent of patients were male, and 71% were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in rates of LVI, multifocality, extent of surgery, or presence of thyroiditis. Patients with mETE were more likely to have larger tumors (P = 0.00247). Both the multivariate and propensity‐weighted models demonstrated that Chinese ancestry was independently associated with an increased rate of unexpected mETE (adjusted prevalence ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.82–3.48).ConclusionmETE is significantly higher in the immigrant Chinese compared to the non‐Asian population. Given the high prevalence of unexpected mETE in the Chinese population, the added risk of this finding should be brought into the discussion during initial surgical planning.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:1844–1849, 2020
Accuracy of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in the oral mucosa according to novel diagnostic guidelines in Japan: Classification of cytology for oral mucosal disease (JSCC, 2015)
Authors: Kondo Yuko , Oya Kaori , Sakai Manabu , Fujiwara Chisato , Tojo Fumiaki , Usami Yu , Fukuda Yasuo , Kogo Mikihiko , Kishino Mitsunobu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecently, the applications of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) have been extended to oral cytology, and in 2015, diagnostic guidelines having roots in the Bethesda System for oral exfoliative cytology were published by the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (JSCC): Classification of cytology for oral mucosal disease (JSCC, 2015). Here we aimed to evaluate the applicability of LBC in the oral mucosa in accordance with the novel diagnostic guidelines.MethodsTwo preparation techniques (conventional exfoliative cytology [CEC] with LBC and LBC alone) were used in this study. Intraepithelial lesions of the oral mucosa histologically diagnosed by biopsy or resection materials were selected as samples and multiple intraepithelial lesions in a single patient were counted. Deep‐seated lesions under the oral mucosa were excluded. The performance of cytological diagnosis was evaluated in each technique by comparing cytological diagnoses with histological diagnoses in accordance with the diagnostic guidelines.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of cytological diagnosis in CEC with LBC were 61%, 73%, 86%, 41%, and 64% (P ≤ .023), respectively. For LBC alone, these values were 55%, 79%, 92%, 29%, and 60% (P ≤ .024), respectively. The rates of inadequate samples were 0.83% for CEC with LBC and 1.2% for LBC alone against whole samples.ConclusionLBC showed good specificity, positive predictive value, and low rate of inadequate specimen, so it was suitable for oral cytology. The data used for this study reflect a large contribution in daily medical examination.
Sensitivity Analysis for Electrical Detection of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Melito Gian Marco , Badeli Vahid , Reinbacher-Köstinger Alice , Ellermann Katrin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn medical and patient‐specific applications, uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis are indispensable in the process of diagnosis and decision‐making. For the identification of an aortic dissection, a 3D FEM model is used to simulate an appropriate measurement setup. Based on this model, a method to evaluate the uncertainty distribution of a pre‐defined parameter set is proposed. In particular, sensitivity analysis is divided into two steps. The first step involves an initial screening using the Morris method. In the second step, a sensitivity analysis is performed through a variance‐based setting. Here, Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) surrogate model is used. Subsequent post‐processing on the study allows the computation of the representative sensitivity indices.
Optimal feedforward control of hydraulic drive systems with long pipelines
Authors: Pietschnig Christopher , Marko Lukas , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Kugi Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydraulic drives are used in many technical systems, ranging from automotive and aerospace applications to industrial production systems. They provide high forces and torques at a compact design. The typical setup of hydraulic drive systems comprises a valve which controls a hydraulic cylinder or motor. In many practical applications, the valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via hydraulic pipelines, whose length can amount to several meters. Typically, the distributed‐parameter characteristics of these pipelines is not considered in the controller design. For very fast operation scenarios, wave effects can be excited which may cause a significant reduction of the control accuracy or even lead to instability of the closed‐loop system. In this paper, a model‐based control strategy is proposed which allows to systematically account for long pipelines. One main element is the spatial discretization of the partial differential equations of the pipelines by means of the spectral elemental method (SEM), which yields a low‐dimensional, but yet accurate model. Based on this model, an optimal feedforward control strategy is developed, which also enables to take into account actuator constraints. The resulting optimal control problem is efficiently solved on a moving horizon, resulting in a real‐time capable moving horizon trajectory planning strategy. An observer is added to account for uncertain model parameters. The high potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated in simulation by applying the method to the actuation system of a looper in a hot strip rolling mill.
Nonlinear Finite Element Study of Beams with Elasto‐Plastic Damage Behavior in the Post‐Buckling Regime
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Todt Melanie , Pettermann Heinz E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLattice structures with low density tend to localize under compressive loading. The localizations start in a single cell band due to buckling of the beams and lead to compaction of the cells. To identify an appropriate discretization and to determine the influence of damage in an elasto‐plastic material behavior two simple load cases are analyzed with the finite element (FE) method. Simulations of an axial loaded beam in the post‐buckling regime with and without damage are carried out. In addition, a triangular cell under compression with different discretizations is analyzed.
Prediction of the mechanical behavior of recycled concrete with fresh concrete waste aggregate
Authors: Wang Qinghe , Zhang Yuzhuo , Fang Yanfeng , Zhang Yichao , Wu Fengyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrushing fresh waste concrete that collects from ready‐mixed concrete plants to prepare aggregates for new concrete production reduces the carbon dioxide footprint. This study intends to predict the mechanical properties of recycled concrete with fresh concrete waste aggregate (FCWA), including compressive strength development over time, elastic modulus, and shrinkage. Current available experimental studies were first summarized to investigate the impact of FCWA incorporation on the mechanical properties of resulting concrete. Prediction expressions were proposed for compressive strength development over time for recycled concrete accounting for FCWA replacement (r) ratio. Elastic modulus and shrinkage prediction models were theoretically derived for recycled concrete accounting for the residual cement paste content (CRCP) of FCWA and benchmarked against available experimental results. Results showed that concrete decreased its mechanical properties with increasing FCWA r ratio. 35.7‐58.7% reductions in the compressive strength and 36–55% reductions in the elastic modulus for FCWA concrete could be observed, while 66–108% increases in the shrinkage could be obtained for concrete with FCWA r ratio of 30%. The models proposed in this study well predicted the mechanical properties for FCWA concrete.
Assessing Intercultural Competence in Teacher Education: A Missing Link
Authors: Thapa Sapna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses the importance of developing intercultural competence as a foundational strategy in teacher education. The primary argument asserts that specific, mandated-content assessments do not help newly trained teachers to develop skills and knowledge related to thoughtfulness, criticality, cultural responsiveness, and caring for the young individuals with whom they work. The author attributes this to the lack of intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication in teacher education discourses. Researchers suggest that caring in schools and other such institutions have diminished as there are distinct gaps in the relationships between teachers and culturally diverse students causing these students to fall out of the school systems. The chapter informs about the need to equip teachers with intercultural sensitivities and intercultural communication skills to help them navigate the changing demographics in classrooms. Finally, it provides some insight into discovering missing links in teaching and pedagogical approaches and offers some strategies for bridging the ever-widening intercultural gaps.
Quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses reveal the genetic basis for negatively associated β-carotene and starch content in hexaploid sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]
Authors: Gemenet Dorcus C. , da Silva Pereira Guilherme , De Boeck Bert , Wood Joshua C. , Mollinari Marcelo , Olukolu Bode A. , Diaz Federico , Mosquera Veronica , Ssali Reuben T. , David Maria , Kitavi Mercy N. , Burgos Gabriela , Felde Thomas Zum , Ghislain Marc , Carey Edward , Swanckaert Jolien , Coin Lachlan J. M. , Fei Zhangjun , Hamilton John P. , Yada Benard , Yencho G. Craig , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Mwanga Robert O. M. , Khan Awais , Gruneberg Wolfgang J. , Buell C. Robin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKey messageβ-Carotene content in sweetpotato is associated with theOrangeandphytoene synthasegenes; due to physical linkage ofphytoene synthasewithsucrose synthase, β-carotene and starch content are negatively correlated.AbstractIn populations depending on sweetpotato for food security, starch is an important source of calories, while β-carotene is an important source of provitamin A. The negative association between the two traits contributes to the low nutritional quality of sweetpotato consumed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a biparental mapping population of 315 F1progeny generated from a cross between an orange-fleshed and a non-orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage group (LG) three (LG3) and twelve (LG12) affecting starch, β-carotene, and their correlated traits, dry matter and flesh color. Analysis of parental haplotypes indicated that these two regions acted pleiotropically to reduce starch content and increase β-carotene in genotypes carrying the orange-fleshed parental haplotype at the LG3 locus.Phytoene synthaseandsucrose synthase,the rate-limiting and linked genes located within the QTL on LG3 involved in the carotenoid and starch biosynthesis, respectively, were differentially expressed in Beauregard versus Tanzania storage roots. TheOrangegene, the molecular switch for chromoplast biogenesis, located within the QTL on LG12 while not differentially expressed was expressed in developing roots of the parental genotypes. We conclude that these two QTL regions act together in acisandtransmanner to inhibit starch biosynthesis in amyloplasts and enhance chromoplast biogenesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and accumulation in orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Understanding the genetic basis of this negative association between starch and β-carotene will inform future sweetpotato breeding strategies targeting sweetpotato for food and nutritional security.
On social machines for algorithmic regulation
Authors: Cristianini Nello , Scantamburlo Teresa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autonomous mechanisms have been proposed to regulate certain aspects of society and are already being used to regulate business organisations. We take seriously recent proposals for algorithmic regulation of society, and we identify the existing technologies that can be used to implement them, most of them originally introduced in business contexts. We build on the notion of ‘social machine’ and we connect it to various ongoing trends and ideas, including crowdsourced task-work, social compiler, mechanism design, reputation management systems, and social scoring. After showing how all the building blocks of algorithmic regulation are already well in place, we discuss the possible implications for human autonomy and social order. The main contribution of this paper is to identify convergent social and technical trends that are leading towards social regulation by algorithms, and to discuss the possible social, political, and ethical consequences of taking this path.
Understanding high ε-poly-l-lysine production by Streptomyces albulus using pH shock strategy in the level of transcriptomics
Authors: Pan Long , Chen Xusheng , Wang Kaifang , Mao Zhonggui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural food preservative, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide spectra of microorganisms. The production of ε-PL was significantly enhanced by pH shock in our previous study, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. According to transcriptional and physiological analyses in this study, the mprA/B and pepD signal transduction system was first proved to be presented and activated in Streptomyces albulus M-Z18 by pH shock, which positively regulated the transcription of ε-PL synthetase (Pls) gene and enhanced the Pls activity during fermentation. Furthermore, pH shock changed the ratio of unsaturation to saturation fatty acid in the membrane through up-regulating the transcription of fatty acid desaturase genes (SAZ_RS14940, SAZ_RS14945). In addition, pH shock also enhanced the transcription of cytochrome c oxidase (SAZ_RS15070, SAZ_RS15075), ferredoxin reductase (SAZ_RS34975) and iron sulfur protein (SAZ_RS31410) genes, and finally resulted in the improvement of cell respiratory activity. As a result, pH shock was considered to influence a wide range of proteins including regulators, fatty acid desaturase, respiratory chain component, and ATP-binding cassette transporter during fermentation. These combined influences might contribute to enhanced ε-PL productivity with pH shock.