bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third-Generation P2Y12 Inhibitors in East Asian Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Nationwide Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Ahn Youngkeun , Chae Shung Chull , Kim Young Jo , Chae In-ho , Hur Seung-Ho , Seong In-Whan , Chae Jei-Keon , Cho Myeong Chan , Seung Ki-Bae , Jeong Myung Ho , Yang Han-mo , Park Kyung Woo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Hyo-Soo ,   on behalf of investigators for Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health (KAMIR-NIH)
Published: October 2018

AbstractThird-generation P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel, ticagrelor) are recommended in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of third-generation P2Y12 inhibitors in East Asian AMI patients. From the Korean AMI Registry, 9,355 patients who received dual antiplatelet agent (aspirin with clopidogrel [AC], 6,444 [70.5%] patients; aspirin with prasugrel [AP], 1,100 [11.8%] patients; or aspirin with ticagrelor [AT], 1,811 [19.4%] patients) were analysed. In-hospital endpoints were all-cause mortality or bleeding events during admission and 1-year endpoints were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and major bleeding events. Regarding in-hospital events, AP and AT showed similar all-cause mortality rates but higher bleeding event rates compared with AC. This trend was extended to 1-year endpoints; Cox regression analysis showed that third-generation P2Y12 inhibitors had significantly higher bleeding risk (AP vs. AC: hazard ratio [HR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53–2.99; p < 0.001; AT vs. AC: HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.73–2.95; p < 0.001). A propensity score matched triplet of 572 patients showed similar 1-year MACCE and higher bleeding events with third-generation P2Y12 inhibitors (2.1 vs. 2.6 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.790 for MACCE and 3.1 vs. 8.0 vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001 for bleeding events, in AC, AP and AT groups, respectively). Inverse probability weighted regression analysis and pooled analysis after randomly imputing missing variables showed consistent results. Collectively, prasugrel and ticagrelor showed similar rates of 1-year MACCE, but a higher rate of bleeding events, compared with clopidogrel in Korean AMI patients. Further studies are warranted to adapt Western guidelines on third-generation P2Y12 inhibitors for East Asians.
Evaluation of Biomedical Infor matics Innovations and Their Impact on Public Health
Authors: Sarkar I. N. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis issue of Methods of Information in Medicine contains four feature articles that are focused on the theme of evaluation. Evaluation approaches are increasingly essential in the assessment of determining the potential impact of contemporary informatics innovations. The featured articles offer practical perspectives to determining the impact of advancements. Internationally, there are significant advances being made across biomedical informatics and its related sub-disciplines. As with any scientific discipline, it is important for practitioners to be able to relate the potential importance of findings. To this end, it is especially important for biomedical informaticians to convey, in a quantifiable and comparable form, the significance of the informatics findings – not only to peers but also to those across the biomedical research spectrum. As such, the feature articles in this issue describe the evaluation of core infrastructure and fundamental informatics innovations as well as evaluation of informatics-based resources that are a core aspect of public health initiatives.
Web Science in Medicine and Healthcare
Authors: Brooks E. , Denecke K. 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objectives: Medical social-media provide a new source of information within information gaining contexts. Facts, experiences, opinions or information on behaviour can be found in the medical web and could support a broad range of applications. The intention of this Focus Theme is to bring the existing research together and to show the possi -bilities, challenges and technologies for Web Science in medicine and healthcare.
Methods: This editorial provides an overview on the landscape of medical social-media and their possibilities in supporting healthcare. Further, it summarizes the three papers included in this Focus Theme.
Results and Conclusions: The three papers of this Focus Theme consider different aspects of Web Science in medicine which are 1) detection of drug interactions from social media, 2) inferring community structures from online forums and 3) improving access to online videos through assignment of SNOMED CT terms. All three papers show the potential of medical social-media in support -ing health information gathering processes from the web. However, several issues still need to be addressed in future: Methods are necessary for identifying high quality information from the medical web as well as for processing the language that is used by social media users to report about their symptoms, diseases and other health issues.
Advances in Medical Image Computing
Authors: Deserno T. M. , Handels H. , Meinzer H.-P. , Tolxdorff T. 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objectives: Medical image computing has become a key technology in high-tech applications in medicine and an ubiquitous part of modern imaging systems and the related processes of clinical diagnosis and intervention. Over the past years significant progress has been made in the field, both on methodological and on application level. Despite this progress there are still big challenges to meet in order to establish image processing routinely in health care. In this issue, selected contributions of the German Conference on Medical Image Processing (BVM) are assembled to present latest advances in the field of medical image computing.
Methods: The winners of scientific awards of the German Conference on Medical Image Processing (BVM) 2008 were invited to submit a manuscript on their latest developments and results for possible publication in Methods of Information in Medicine. Finally, seven excellent papers were selected to describe important aspects of recent advances in the field of medical image processing.
Results: The selected papers give an impression of the breadth and heterogeneity of new developments. New methods for improved image segmentation, non-linear image registration and modeling of organs are presented together with applications of image analysis methods in different medical disciplines. Furthermore, state-of-the-art tools and techniques to support the development and evaluation of medical image processing systems in practice are described.
Conclusions: The selected articles describe different aspects of the intense development in medical image computing. The image processing methods presented enable new insights into the patient’s image data and have the future potential to improve medical diagnostics and patient treatment.
Truncation of ADAMTS13 by Plasmin Enhances Its Activity in Plasma
Authors: Clark Chantal , Mebius Mirjam , de Maat Steven , Tielens Aloysius , de Groot Philip , Urbanus Rolf , Fijnheer Rob , Hazenberg Bouke , van Hellemond Jaap , Maas Coen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) cleaves von Willebrand Factor (VWF) multimers to control their thrombogenicity. The fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin can cleave VWF in a similar manner. However, plasmin can also cleave ADAMTS13, which ultimately inactivates it. This leaves the overall role of plasmin in primary haemostasis uncertain.We investigated the combined molecular effects of plasmin on VWF and ADAMTS13. We first identified that plasmin destroys FRETS-VWF73 substrate by cleaving the ADAMTS13 binding region in a buffered system. We next investigated how plasmin affects both VWF and ADAMTS13 under static conditions in plasma by western blotting. We found that globular VWF is largely protected from plasmin cleavage. However, ADAMTS13 is rapidly cleaved under these conditions, suggesting inactivation. Surprisingly, we observed that plasmin enhances ADAMTS13 activity in a modified two-stage FRETS-VWF73 assay that protects FRETS-VWF73 substrate from degradation. In direct binding studies under the same conditions, we found that plasmin generates multiple C-terminally truncated forms of ADAMTS13 with VWF-binding capacity. In an effort to seek evidence for this mechanism in vivo, we analysed plasma from patients with systemic amyloidosis, which is hallmarked by a hyperfibrinolytic state. We found that their plasma contained increased levels of C-terminally truncated forms of ADAMTS13, which correlated with their hyperfibrinolytic state.We propose that truncation of ADAMTS13 by plasmin abolishes intramolecular self-association, which improves interaction with unfolded VWF.
Myasthenie und Thymus
Authors: Zierz S. , Jordan B. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Thymuspathologie bei der Myasthenia gravis (MG) umfasst sowohl die lymphofollikuläre Hyperplasie (LFH) bei der Frühmanifestation der Azetylcholinrezeptorantikörper (AChR-AK) positiven Form als auch Thymome. Die Diagnostik schließt die Erhebung des Antikörperstatus ein, um die Indikation zur Thymektomie bei der klassischen AChR-Anti-körper positiven Form prüfen zu können. Bei radiologischem Verdacht einer mediastinalen Raumforderung kann nuklearmedizinisch die Bindung von Somatostatinrezeptoren (DOTATOC-PET) bei Thymomen visualisiert werden. Die Thymektomie mit Thymomresektion ist unter onkologischem Aspekt grundsätzlich indiziert. Die Diagnose der paraneoplastischen MG besitzt somit eine besondere Indikatorfunktion für den weiteren Verlauf der Thymomerkrankung.Wenngleich die thymomassoziierte MG sich im klinischen Verlauf nicht von der klassischen Myasthenie unterscheidet, bedarf die Betreuung dieser Patienten besonderer Sorgfalt. Meist ist die Fortführung der Immunsuppression erforderlich. Gleichzeitig sind dabei die erhöhte Infektneigung, das erhöhte Risiko eines Zweitmalignoms als auch eines Thymomrezidivs zu beachten.
Update on Direct Oral AntiCoagulants (DOACs)
Authors: Rosenthal C. , von Heymann C. , Koscielny J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryRecent findings require an update of previous recommendations for the perioperative use of Direct Oral AntiCoagulants (DOACs). A break in preoperative treatment of 24-96 hours is recommended based on the pharmacokinetic profiles of DOACs and depends on individual patient characteristics, their renal and possibly liver function, and their surgery-related risk of bleeding. In cases of renal or hepatic insufficiency, whether to extend the preoperative interruption of IIa- and Xa-inhibitors is a clinical decision that must be reached on an individual patient basis. In cases of epidural or spinal anaesthesia, more conservative pausing-intervals are recommended due to the risk of persistent neurologic deficits (e.g., paraplegia) following the development of spinal subdural and epidural haematomas. Elective surgery should be postponed according to these recommendations. Preoperative “bridging” with LMWH (more precisely referred to as “switching”) should be omitted due to a significantly increased risk of bleeding. In addition, the incidence of perioperative thromboembolic risks, such as DVT, PE, and stroke, are no different whether interruption or „switching” is undertaken. Postoperatively, the DOACs can be reinstituted within the first 24 hours. In cases of major surgery or if there is a higher risk of bleeding, resumption of DOACS should only begin after 24-72 hours. In patients with an elevated thromboembolic risk, transient postoperative LMWH administration can be recommended during this period.Interaction of DOACs with other drugs usually occurs during the absorption, transport and elimination of these drugs. Therefore, substance-specific restrictions and recommendations should be observed during these times. In everyday clinical practice, webbased, independent information portals on drug-interactions are very helpful in providing safe and rapid information about potential interactions when DOACs are used in combination with other drugs, especially during perioperative management.Non-adherence to medications is a worldwide problem that has dangerous and costly consequences. Present data suggest that persistence is the primary factor that supports adherence. Despite the adherence data presented in the DOACS approval studies (e.g., persistence in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism has been reported to be between 94-99%), the first registries and meta-analyses provide sobering results regarding the incidence of persistence and the success rate of interventions designed to improve adherence with DOACs in cases of long-term usage.Nachdruck aus und zu zitieren als: Hämostaseologie 2017; 37: 267–275 https://doi.org/10.5482/HAMO-16-10-1657856
Liver Toxicity with Cancer Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Nadeau Brian , Fecher Leslie , Owens Scott , Razumilava Nataliya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibition targeted against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has shown clinically significant survival benefit when used to treat multiple types of advanced cancer. These drugs have gained approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and their indications continue to increase. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with a unique side-effect profile characterized as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can result in significant morbidity and rarely mortality. Hepatotoxicity from checkpoint inhibitors is a less common irAE and often mild, while its incidence and severity vary based on the class and dose of checkpoint inhibitor, monotherapy versus combination therapy, and the type of cancer. Histological assessment of suspected irAEs is nonspecific and can show a variety of features. Hepatic irAEs can require discontinuation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy and treatment with immunosuppressive agents.
Postoperative Management of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Impact of High-Dose Corticosteroid Nasal Spray
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhisa , Ito Shin , Hibiya Remi , Homma Hirotomo , Ono Noritsugu , Okada Hiroko , Kidokoro Yoshinobu , Shiozawa Akihito , Kusunoki Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is characterized by an eosinophilic inflammation driven by Th2-type cytokines. Glucocorticosteroids are the most common first-line treatment for ECRS with nasal polyps.
Objective We have evaluated the long-term treatment with double-dose intranasal corticosteroids in refractory ECRS nasal polyps resistant to the conventional dose and assessed the risk of adverse systemic effects
Methods Sixteen subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects had ECRS after endoscopic sinus surgery that resulted in recurrent mild and moderate nasal polyps and were undergoing a postoperative follow-up application of mometasone furoate at a dose of 2 sprays (100 μg) in each nostril once a day (200 μg). All the patients were prescribed mometasone furoate, administered at a dose of 2 sprays (100 μg) in each nostril twice a day (400 μg) for 6 months.
Results The average scores of the symptoms during the regular dose of intranasal steroid treatment were 5.2 ± 2.2, but 6 months after the high-dose application, they had significantly decreased to 2.5 ± 1.4 (p < 0.05). The polyp size showed an average score of 1.38 during the regular dose which was significantly reduced to 0.43 (p < 0.01) by the double dose. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) showed normal ranges in all the patients tested. The cortisol plasma concentration was also normal.
Conclusion Doubling the dose of the nasal topical spray mometasone furoate might be recommended for the treatment of recurrent nasal polyps in the postoperative follow-up of intractable ECRS.
Role of Routine Laboratory Tests in Assessing Risk of Recurrent Venous Thrombosis: Results from the MEGA Follow-Up Study
Authors: Morelli Vânia , Lijfering Willem , Rezende Suely , Vlieg Astrid , Rosendaal Frits , Cannegieter Suzanne 
Published: October 2018

Background Kidney function, measured as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glucose levels and haematologic variables (blood cell count) are easily obtainable tests, and have been associated with increased risk of first venous thrombosis (VT). Whether these routine tests can identify patients at risk of recurrence is unclear.
Aim Our aim was to investigate the predictive value of serum glucose levels, eGFR and haematologic variables in patients at risk of recurrent VT.
Methods Patients with a first VT were followed from discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment. Percentile categories of eGFR, glucose levels and haematologic variables were established. Crude incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of recurrence were estimated in each percentile category. Cox regression models were used to compare groups, adjusted for age and sex.
Results Of 2,106 patients followed for a median of 6.9 years, 326 developed recurrence (incidence rate, 2.7/100 patient-years; 95% CI, 2.5–3.1). The adjusted hazard ratio for recurrence was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9–2.4) in the lowest eGFR percentile category (< 59 mL/min/1.73 m2) versus the reference (≥86 mL/min/1.73 m2). Stratification by unprovoked or provoked first events yielded similar results. The combination of a first unprovoked VT with renal dysfunction was associated with a threefold increased risk of recurrence compared with those with first provoked VT and normal kidney function (hazard ratio, 3.1, 95% CI, 1.6–5.9). Glucose levels and haematologic variables were not associated with increased recurrence risk.
Conclusion Testing glucose levels and haematologic variables did not identify patients at increased risk of recurrent VT. Renal dysfunction tests may have some predictive value, particularly in combination with other variables.
Impact of Exercise on Hemophilia
Authors: Ljungkvist Marcus , Salim Maryem , Zetterberg Eva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSports and strenuous exercise have traditionally been discouraged for people with hemophilia (PWH) because of the perceived risk of bleeding. In this review, studies investigating the pros and cons of exercise are presented, and although most studies are of low validity, the randomized trials that do exist tell us that PWH benefit from exercise in terms of improved muscular function, endurance, and quality of life and that increased bleeding does not seem to be an issue. The authors also review the studies that have analyzed the current physical status of PWH compared with the general population in different countries. Finally, they review the current knowledge on the effect of exercise on specific coagulation factors as well as on global coagulation and demonstrate that exercise increases factor VIII levels in healthy persons, all persons with hemophilia B (HB) and in persons with mild and moderate hemophilia A (HA). Further, the authors did not find any evidence that the global coagulation capacity, measured with thrombin generation or thromboelastographic methods, increases after exercise in severe HA or HB.
Assessment of commercial feasibility of the device for the combined cutting of conducting materials by calculation of integrated koefficient
Authors: Khafizov I I , Levshtanova Y Y 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Authors have considered the problem points connected with commercialization of university intellectual property items in the field of electrochemistry, namely the device of electrochemical cutting of conducting materials. Key criteria for evaluation of an intellectual property item are designated. The method of calculation of commercial appeal which is most acceptable for this development on the basis of the generalized integrated coefficient, theoretically is offered and its commercial value is almost proved.
Primary care providers’ views on a future lung cancer screening program
Authors: O’Brien Mary Ann , Llovet Diego , Sullivan Frank , Paszat Lawrence 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated that screening with low-dose computed tomography significantly reduces mortality from lung cancer in high-risk individuals.

Objective
To describe the role preferences and information needs of primary care providers (PCPs) in a future organized lung cancer screening program.

Methods
We purposively sampled PCPs from diverse health regions of Ontario and from different practice models including family health teams and community health centres. We also recruited family physicians with a leadership role in cancer screening. We used focus groups and a nominal group process to identify informational priorities. Two analysts systematically applied a coding scheme to interview transcripts.

Results
Four groups were held with 34 providers and administrative staff [28 (82%) female, 21 (62%) physicians, 7 (20%) other health professionals and 6 (18%) administrative staff]. PCPs and staff were generally positive about a potential lung cancer screening program but had variable views on their involvement. Informational needs included evidence of potential benefits and harms of screening. Most providers preferred that a new program be modelled on positive features of an existing breast cancer screening program. Lung cancer screening was viewed as a new opportunity to counsel patients about smoking cessation.

Conclusions
The development of a future lung cancer screening program should consider the wide variability in the roles that PCPs preferred. An explicit link to existing smoking cessation programs was seen as essential. As providers had significant information needs, learning materials and opportunities should be developed with them.
Assessing red drum spawning aggregations and abundance in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Lowerre-Barbieri Susan K , Tringali Michael D , Shea Colin P , Walters Burnsed Sarah , Bickford Joel , Murphy Michael , Porch Clay 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many marine fish form spawning aggregations (FSAs) and exhibit meta-population stock structure, affecting reproductive resilience and the optimal spatial scale of management. Red drum use a known FSA site off Tampa Bay (TB FSA site) and another presumed FSA site off Charlotte Harbor (CH FSA site). We studied these sites for 3 years (2012–2014) to assess space use and annual abundance at the TB FSA site using: (i) genetically profiled fish, non-lethally sampled by purse seine (n = 9087); (ii) aerial surveys (n = 37); and (iii) acoustic telemetry (n = 122 fish). Thousands of fish concentrated at the TB FSA site to spawn each year, dispersing afterward to an area of at least ∼150 km along the coast and 90 km offshore. Fish acoustically tagged at the TB FSA site showed strong annual spawning site fidelity (91% in 2013 and 85% in 2014) and the straying rate to the CH FSA site to the south was low (6–13%). Annual abundance at the TB FSA site varied, with the estimated abundance in 2013 being four times greater than that estimated for 2014. Similarly, aerial surveys in 2013 sighted 2.5 times as many aggregations as in 2014. However, fine-scale space use, which typically goes unassessed in abundance estimates (short-term surface behaviour and temporary migration), also differed between these years and needs to be integrated into future capture-mark–recapture models.