bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium verticillioides in commercial potting substrates for ornamental plants
Authors: Puértolas Alexandra , Boa Eric , Bonants Peter J. M. , Woodward Steve 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLive plants, particularly when accompanied by soil or potting substrates, are considered the main pathway for international spread of plant pathogens. Modern, rapid shipping technologies for international plant trade increase the probability of plant pathogen survival during transport and the subsequent chances of disease outbreaks in new locations. The survival of two model pathogens, an Oomycete, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and a filamentous fungus, Fusarium verticillioides, was studied in two different commercial potting substrates (peat and peat‐free) under glasshouse conditions in the absence of a plant host. Survival rates were analysed at 2, 7, 12 and 17 months after substrate inoculation. Fusarium verticillioides had the longest survival rate, and was still present at 17 months. In contrast, P. cinnamomi survived up to 7 months but was not recovered after 12 or 17 months. There was no significant difference in the number of colony‐forming units (CFUs) of either pathogen in the two substrates, except at 2 months, when higher numbers were recovered from peat substrates.
The Cost of Banking Crises: New Evidence from Life Satisfaction Data
Authors: Montagnoli Alberto , Moro Mirko 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIt is known that banking crises produce large economic costs. Yet might their consequences be even more far‐reaching? We investigate an issue as yet largely unexplored and provide some of the first evidence that banking crises also lead to major, widespread, and lasting psychological losses. We estimate the costs of banking crises with individual life satisfaction; we show that these extend beyond GDP declines and other macroeconomic and financial leakages. For the 2007‐8 financial crisis, we find some evidence that the losses are larger for those countries that had previously experienced a credit boom.
Generic sofosbuvir‐based direct‐acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Manoj Kumar  , Nayak Suman L. , Gupta Ekta , Kataria Ashish , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsThere is scant data on use of sofosbuvir containing directly acting antiviral (DAA) regimens in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Recently generic versions of DAAs have become available in low‐income countries including India. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of generic sofosbuvir in combination with generic ribavirin, ledipasvir or daclatasvir in HCV‐infected patients with CKD including patients with advanced CKD (CKD stage 4 or 5 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 mL/min or those on dialysis).MethodsSeventy‐one CKD patients (76% male, 84.5% on maintenance haemodialysis, 23.9% cirrhosis) with HCV infection were included in the study. Full‐dose sofosbuvir was used in combination with ribavirin (n = 26, for 24 weeks, 69.2% genotype 1, 30.8% genotype 3), ledipasvir (n = 26, for 12 weeks, all genotype 1) and daclatasvir (n = 19, for 12 weeks, all genotype 3).ResultsSustained virological response (SVR) (HCV RNA <12 IU/mL) at 12 weeks after stopping treatment was seen in 100% of the patients in all the 3 groups. At 24‐week follow‐up after end of therapy, 1 patient in sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir group relapsed. At 48‐week follow‐up after end of therapy, 1 more patient in sofosbuvir plus ribavirin group relapsed.ConclusionFull‐dose sofosbuvir‐based DAA therapy using generics is highly effective for individuals with HCV infection and CKD including advanced CKD (CKD stage 4 or 5 with an e‐GFR <30 mL/min or those on dialysis).
Demography or selection on linked cultural traits or genes? Investigating the driver of low mtDNA diversity in the sperm whale using complementary mitochondrial and nuclear genome analyses
Authors: Morin Phillip A. , Foote Andrew D. , Baker Charles Scott , Hancock‐Hanser Brittany L. , Kaschner Kristin , Mate Bruce R. , Mesnick Sarah L. , Pease Victoria L. , Rosel Patricia E. , Alexander Alana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMitochondrial DNA has been heavily utilized in phylogeography studies for several decades. However, underlying patterns of demography and phylogeography may be misrepresented due to coalescence stochasticity, selection, variation in mutation rates and cultural hitchhiking (linkage of genetic variation to culturally‐transmitted traits affecting fitness). Cultural hitchhiking has been suggested as an explanation for low genetic diversity in species with strong social structures, counteracting even high mobility, abundance and limited barriers to dispersal. One such species is the sperm whale, which shows very limited phylogeographic structure and low mtDNA diversity despite a worldwide distribution and large population. Here, we use analyses of 175 globally distributed mitogenomes and three nuclear genomes to evaluate hypotheses of a population bottleneck/expansion vs. a selective sweep due to cultural hitchhiking or selection on mtDNA as the mechanism contributing to low worldwide mitochondrial diversity in sperm whales. In contrast to mtDNA control region (CR) data, mitogenome haplotypes are largely ocean‐specific, with only one of 80 shared between the Atlantic and Pacific. Demographic analyses of nuclear genomes suggest low mtDNA diversity is consistent with a global reduction in population size that ended approximately 125,000 years ago, correlated with the Eemian interglacial. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that extant sperm whales descend from maternal lineages endemic to the Pacific during the period of reduced abundance and have subsequently colonized the Atlantic several times. Results highlight the apparent impact of past climate change, and suggest selection and hitchhiking are not the sole processes responsible for low mtDNA diversity in this highly social species.
The Eternity of the Triune God: Preliminary Considerations on the Relationship between the Trinity and the Time of Creation
Authors: Schwöbel Christoph 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow may we avoid falling into the traps of representations of God as wholly timeless or enmeshed in creaturely time? What may be needed is a Trinitarian account which, in the footsteps of Basil of Caesarea and Calvin's proposals, articulates God's atemporal, eternal presence in time (God the Father), God's eternally temporal presence (the Son), and God's eternally perfecting relationship to creation in its created time (the Holy Spirit). By construing the Trinity not just causally, but as a conversation in which we are made participants, we might gain a richer understanding of God's eternity which, far from excluding time, takes it up within God's own life.
God's Freedom: Free to be Bound
Authors: Lohmann Friedrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is a rather undisputed fact that God is free. Things become more intriguing when we ask how God exercises this freedom. The following essay answers this question by starting with the New Testament narrative concerning Jesus Christ, who is believed to be the image of God (John 14:9). In Jesus Christ, God uses God's freedom to restrict Godself. God is free to be bound. Taking into account God's covenantal relationship with humanity and the act of creation, which can be interpreted as God's free decision in favor of an independent world, God's self‐restriction appears to be a generous act of giving, determined by God's all‐encompassing attitude of faithful love. God's free self‐restriction is actually an act of self‐fulfillment.
The endosomal recycling of FgSnc1 by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zheng Wenhui , Lin Yahong , Fang Wenqin , Zhao Xu , Lou Yi , Wang Guanghui , Zheng Huawei , Liang Qifu , Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Olsson Stefan , Zhou Jie , Wang Zonghua 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Endosomal sorting machineries regulate the transport of their cargoes among intracellular compartments. However, the molecular nature of such intracellular trafficking processes in pathogenic fungal development and pathogenicity remains unclear.

Here, we dissect the roles and molecular mechanisms of two sorting nexin proteins and their cargoes in endosomal recycling in Fusarium graminearum using high‐resolution microscopy and high‐throughput co‐immunoprecipitation strategies.

We show that the sorting nexins, FgSnx41 and FgSnx4, interact with each other and assemble into a functionally interdependent heterodimer through their respective BAR domains. Further analyses demonstrate that the dimer localizes to the early endosomal membrane and coordinates endosomal sorting. The small GTPase FgRab5 regulates the correct localization of FgSnx41–FgSnx4 and is consequently required for its trafficking function. The protein FgSnc1 is a cargo of FgSnx41–FgSnx4 and regulates the fusion of secreted vesicles with the fungal growing apex and plasma membrane. In the absence of FgSnx41 or FgSnx4, FgSnc1 is mis‐sorted and degraded in the vacuole, and null deletion of either component causes defects in the fungal polarized growth and virulence.

Overall, for the first time, our results reveal the mechanism of FgSnc1 endosomal recycling by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer which is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.
Applications of social network analysis to obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang S. , de la Haye K. , Ji M. , An R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPeople's health behaviours and outcomes can be profoundly shaped by the social networks they are embedded in. Based on graph theory, social network analysis is a research framework for the study of social interactions and the structure of these interactions among social actors. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for articles published until August 2017 that applied social network analysis to examine obesity and social networks. Eight studies (three cross‐sectional and five longitudinal) conducted in the US (n = 6) and Australia (n = 2) were identified. Seven focused on adolescents' and one on adults' friendship networks. They examined structural features of these networks that were associated with obesity, including degree distribution, popularity, modularity maximization and K‐clique percolation. All three cross‐sectional studies that used exponential random graph models found individuals with similar body weight status and/or weight‐related behaviour were more likely to share a network tie than individuals with dissimilar traits. Three longitudinal studies using stochastic actor‐based models found friendship network characteristics influenced change in individuals' body weight status and/or weight‐related behaviour over time. Future research should focus on diverse populations and types of social networks and identifying the mechanisms by which social networks influence obesity to inform network‐based interventions.
The Feasibility of Using the BrightHearts Biofeedback‐Assisted Relaxation Application for the Management of Pediatric Procedural Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Burton Karen L.O. , Morrow Angela M. , Beswick Brooke V. , Khut George P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this pilot study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of using BrightHearts, a biofeedback‐assisted relaxation application (app), in children undergoing painful procedures.MethodsThirty children 7 to 18 years of age undergoing a medical procedure (peripheral blood collection, botulinum toxin injection, or intravenous cannula insertion) participated. Participants used BrightHearts, a heart rate–controlled biofeedback‐assisted relaxation training app delivered via an iPad with heart rate measured through a pulse oximeter worn on the ear or thumb. Feasibility was assessed through observations and patient, parent/carer, and healthcare professional feedback. Patient, parent/carer, and healthcare professional satisfaction with BrightHearts was rated using investigator‐developed surveys.ResultsEighty‐three percent of child participants reported that they found BrightHearts helpful during the procedure and that they would use BrightHearts again. All parents and 96% of healthcare professionals indicated they would use BrightHearts again. Sixty‐four percent of healthcare providers perceived that BrightHearts assisted with the ease of performing the procedure. Qualitative analyses found 2 themes: (1) BrightHearts calms through providing distraction and biofeedback and (2) the impact of BrightHearts on the procedure.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using biofeedback‐assisted relaxation delivered via the BrightHearts app in children undergoing peripheral blood collection and cannulation. Future studies are required to evaluate BrightHearts’ efficacy in reducing pain and anxiety during painful procedures and distinguish the effects of a biofeedback‐mediated app from distraction.
An Inventory of FearThe Witch: A History of Fear from Ancient Times to the Present, RonaldHutton, Yale University Press, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐3002‐2904‐2), xv + 360 pp., hb $30The Oxford Illustrated History of Witchcraft and Magic, OwenDavies (ed.), Oxford University Press, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐960844‐7), xiv + 314 pp., hb £25
Authors: Kotva Simone 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA study of two recent contributions to the scholarship on witchcraft and magic uncovers an uncomfortable dilemma. On the one hand, authors argue that magical practices should now be interpreted on their own premises; on the other hand, attempts to take seriously the experience of magic are bracketed and ‘disbelief’ in magic is encouraged. I argue that such disbelief affirms, ironically, the polarization between religion and magic which is the object of critique and arises from an unexamined fear, directed principally at religion and Christianity. When left unexamined, this fear of religion takes the place of the historically attested religious maligning of magic studied by contemporary scholars, and, it is proposed, results in discourses of violence that repeat, unwittingly, the very stereotypes which modern accounts of witchcraft and magic set out to eradicate.
Maternal cognition talk in the mother–toddler dyad mediates the influence of early maternal emotional availability on preschoolers' belief reasoning
Authors: Kristen‐Antonow Susanne , Licata‐Dandel Maria , Müller Mitho , Sodian Beate 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present longitudinal study of 83 mother–child dyads (40 girls) assessed how emotional availability (EA) and maternal mental state language (MSL) are related to children's first‐ and second‐order false belief understanding (FBU). EA was measured with the emotional availability scales at 7 and 50 months, maternal MSL within free play at 7 months, and within a book context at 24 months. First‐order FBU was assessed at 50 months and second‐order FBU at 70 months. The results emphasize the specific importance of high emotional connectedness between mother and infant for early and later mother–child conversations about inner states. They also stress the prominent role of maternal cognition MSL for children's first‐ and second‐order FBU. Thereby, maternal cognition MSL seems to mediate the influence of early EA on preschoolers' first‐order FBU. The results are discussed within different theoretical frameworks of FBU development.
Voting Advice Applications and the Estimation of Party Positions – A Reliable Tool?
Authors: König Pascal D. , Jäckle Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractData contained in Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) is not only a prerequisite for the vote recommendations they provide but can also be used for estimating party positions in low‐dimensional spaces. Given that VAAs can be designed differently in terms of their number of items and their measurement level, how much can one trust the party positions obtained from this source? We tackle this question by exploiting relevant variation in a real‐world setting: three VAAs offered at the 2017 Lower Saxony election. Despite substantial design differences, the policy spaces extracted through an inductive scaling approach are highly convergent. Simulated random item removal from the pooled dataset of all three VAAs furthermore suggests that about 40 items yield satisfactory reliability of the party positions. Finally, we find that a priori assigning VAA‐items to ideological dimensions is potentially problematic as the interpretation of resulting party spaces may differ from the ones derived inductively.
Risk factors and long‐term outcomes of pediatric liver transplant recipients with chronic high Epstein‐Barr virus loads
Authors: Kamei Hideya , Ito Yoshinori , Kawada Junichi , Ogiso Satoshi , Onishi Yasuharu , Komagome Masahiko , Kurata Nobuhiko , Ogura Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSerial monitoring of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) reveals that certain pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients exhibit high EBV loads for long periods. We investigated the incidence and risk factors of chronic high EBV (CHEBV) loads (continuous EBV DNA >10 000 IU/mL of whole blood for ≥6 months) and long‐term outcomes.MethodsThis single center, retrospective observational study investigated pediatric LT recipients who survived ≥6 months. We quantitated EBV DNA weekly during hospitalization and subsequently every 4 or 6 weeks at the outpatient clinic. Tacrolimus was maintained at a low trough level (<3 ng/mL, EBV DNA load >5000 IU/mL).ResultsThirty‐one of 77 LT recipients developed CHEBV. Univariate analysis revealed that age <2 years and body weight <10 kg upon LT, operation time <700 minutes, warm ischemia time (WIT) >35 minutes, graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) >2.7%, and preoperative EBV seronegativity were significantly associated with the development of CHEBV loads. Multivariate analysis identified significant associations of CHEBV with WIT >35 minutes, GRWR >2.7%, and preoperative seronegative. None of the recipients developed post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Survival rates of patients with and without CHEBV loads were not significantly different.ConclusionsA significant number of pediatric LT recipients developed CHEBV loads. Long WIT, high GRWR, and preoperative EBV seronegativity were significantly associated with the development of CHEBV loads. Although the long‐term outcomes of patients with or without CHEBV loads were not significantly different, further studies of more subjects are warranted.
The effects of AtRad52 over‐expression on homologous recombination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Samach Aviva , Gurevich Vyacheslav , Avivi‐Ragolsky Naomi , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAtRad52 homologs are involved in DNA recombination and repair, but their precise functions in different homologous recombination (HR) pathways or in gene‐targeting have not been analyzed. In order to facilitate our analyses, we generated an AtRad52‐1A variant that had a stronger nuclear localization than the native gene thanks to the removal of the transit peptide for mitochondrial localization and to the addition of a nuclear localization signal. Over‐expression of this variant increased HR in the nucleus, compared with the native AtRad52‐1A: it increased intra‐chromosomal recombination and synthesis‐dependent strand‐annealing HR repair rates; but conversely, it repressed the single‐strand annealing pathway. The effect of AtRad52‐1A over‐expression on gene‐targeting was tested with and without the expression of small RNAs generated from an RNAi construct containing homology to the target and donor sequences. True gene‐targeting events at the Arabidopsis Cruciferin locus were obtained only when combining AtRad52‐1A over‐expression and target/donor‐specific RNAi. This suggests that sequence‐specific small RNAs might be involved in AtRad52‐1A‐mediated HR.
Histone chaperones play crucial roles in maintenance of stem cell niche during plant root development
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Yuhao , Zhou Wangbin , Zhu Yan , Dong Aiwu , Shen Wen‐Hui 
Published: April 2018

SummaryStem cells in both plant and animal kingdoms reside in a specialized cellular context called the stem cell niche (SCN). SCN integrity is crucial for organism development. Here we show that the H3/H4 histone chaperone CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR‐1 (CAF‐1) and the H2A/H2B histone chaperone NAP1‐RELATED PROTEIN1/2 (NRP1/2) play synergistic roles in Arabidopsis root SCN maintenance. Compared with either the m56‐1 double mutant deprived of NRP1 and NRP2 or the fas2‐4 mutant deprived of CAF‐1, the combined m56‐1fas2‐4 triple mutant displayed a much more severe short‐root phenotype. The m56‐1fas2‐4 mutant root lost the normal organizing center Quiescent Center (QC), and some initial stem cells differentiated precociously. Microarray analysis unraveled the deregulation of 2735 genes within the Arabidopsis genome (representing >8% of all genes) in the m56‐1fas2‐4 mutant roots. Expression of some SCN key regulatory genes (e.g. WOX5, PLT1, SHR) was not limiting, rather the plant hormone auxin gradient maximum at QC was impaired. The mutant roots showed programmed cell death and high levels of the DNA damage marked histone H2A.X phosphorylation (γ‐H2A.X). Knockout of either ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) or ATR, encoding a DNA damage response kinase, rescued in part the cell death and the short‐root phenotype of the m56‐1fas2‐4 mutant. Collectively, our study indicated that NRP1/2 and CAF‐1 act cooperatively in regulating proper genome transcription, in sustaining chromatin replication and in maintaining genome integrity, which are crucial for proper SCN function during continuous post‐embryonic root development.
Epidermal auxin biosynthesis facilitates rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Nadzieja Marcin , Kelly Simon , Stougaard Jens , Reid Dugald 
Published: April 2018

SummarySymbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes requires nodule organogenesis to be coordinated with infection by rhizobia. The plant hormone auxin influences symbiotic infection, but the precise timing of auxin accumulation and the genetic network governing it remain unclear. We used a Lotus japonicus optimised variant of the DII‐based auxin accumulation sensor and identified a rapid accumulation of auxin in the epidermis, specifically in the root hair cells. This auxin accumulation occurs in the infected root hairs during rhizobia invasion, while Nod factor application induces this response across a broader range of root hairs. Using the DR5 auxin responsive promoter, we demonstrate that activation of auxin signalling also occurs specifically in infected root hairs. Analysis of root hair transcriptome data identified induction of an auxin biosynthesis gene of the Tryptophan Amino‐transferase Related (LjTar1) family following both bacteria inoculation and Nod factor treatment. Genetic analysis showed that both expression of the LjTar1 biosynthesis gene and the auxin response requires Nod factor perception, while common symbiotic pathway transcription factors are only partially required or act redundantly to initiate auxin accumulation. Using a chemical genetics approach, we confirmed that auxin biosynthesis has a functional role in promoting symbiotic infection events in the epidermis.