bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health and Safety Indicators and Under-Reporting: Case Studies in Chinese Shipping
Authors: Xue Conghua , Tang Lijun , Walters David 
Published: May 2019

An index-based approach to indicate the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management has been commonly used in the implementation of the International Safety Management Code and the operation of Occupational Health and Safety management systems in the international shipping industry. Although the index-based approach is asserted to be a convenient way to measure and quantify the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management, it is not justified in the wider literature and further empirical research is suggested by various authors. The aim of this study is to explore the role of an index-based approach in managing Occupational Health and Safety in the shipping industry.
This article investigates the effectiveness of indicators in Occupational Health and Safety management in two Chinese chemical shipping companies. A qualitative approach is applied to examine the views of seafarers on safety reporting practice. The study reveals that, although the need for reporting is understood by most of the crew members, the reporting practice is significantly affected by different factors such as the crew’s concerns for their own interests, Chinese cultural factors and management’s dominant power over the crew’s performance evaluation. The findings suggest that there is a significant gap between what is required by the rules and what really occurs in terms of safety reporting practice. The study highlights the emerging problems of using Occupational Health and Safety indicators as benchmark for measuring the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management in Chinese shipping. The conclusion is drawn in a Chinese context, and although the findings may not be similar to other industries or the shipping industry in other countries, they provide valuable indications for re-thinking and re-shaping maritime regulatory strategies.
Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age
Authors: Herbert William A. 
Published: May 2019

This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision inJanus v AFSCME, Council 31,which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age.The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for theJanusdecision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions inJanus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.
HIPERTENSI PADA KEHAMILAN: ANALISIS KASUS
Authors: Rachmawati Imami N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakArtikel ini menggali aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Pemaparan sebuah kasus hipertensi dalam kehamilan yang terjadi di salah satu kota besar akan menekankan bahwa ada dua penyebab kematian ibu yaitu penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung. Artikel ini mendiskusikan isyu persamaan jender yang berhubungan dengan AKI dan juga membahas program-program penurunan AKI saat ini. Sudahkah semuanya memandang perempuan sebagai individu yang holistik? Jika belum sudah saatnyalah kita mempertimbangkannya untuk hasil yang lebih baik. AbstractThis article explores what aspects contributing the maternal mortality rate (MMR). A case description regarding hypertensive disorders in pregnancy that happen in a big city will emphasize that cause of maternal death is direct and indirect factors. This article also discusses the gender issue due to MMR. Through this article we need to re-thinking regarding current programs to reduce MMR, have they view women as holistic individual.
Pragmatic Mood Variation in Bilingual and Monolingual Yucatec Spanish
Authors: Bove Kathryn P 
Published: May 2019

While linguists (e.g. Michnowicz 2009, 2012; Solomon 1996, 1999; Klee 2009) have described some of the unique features of Yucatec Spanish related to the lexicon , the phonetic system, and syntactic structure, but no work has focused on pragmatics in this variety. The current study utilizes semantic/pragmatic interviews to investigate four cases of pragmatic mood alternation: Suspended Assertion, Reportative Distance, Individualized Reference, and Reactional Assertions. The results examined suggest important differences between monolingual and bilingual speaker reaction to pragmatic triggers. The bilingual Yucatec Maya/Spanish speakers’ perception of pragmatic change in mood varies between the four groups of pragmatic effects; the bilingual speakers were sensitive to Reactional Assertions and Reportative Distance but not sensitive to changes in Suspended Assertion or Individualized Reference. This demonstrates a difference in pragmatic sensitivity to mood selection between bilingual and monolingual speakers of this contact variety. Specifically, bilingual speakers select mood that patterns with monolingual speakers when it is syntactically motivated, but their mood selection differs in areas where this selection pragmatically motivated.
Challenges Faced by Petty Traders in Accessing Loans from Financial Institutions: Evidence from the Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Adusei Charles , Attafuah Festus Adu , Tweneboah-Koduah Isaac 
Published: May 2019

Access to finance is a key determinant for business start-up, development and growth for small businesses. This paper focused on the challenges faced by petty traders in accessing loans within Wa Central in the Upper West Region of Ghana with a sample of eighty-one respondents for both the questionnaire and the interview. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation matrix and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The study showed evidence that high interest rate charged; demand for collateral and poor records keeping by petty traders were the challenges of accessing loans. The paper suggests that petty traders must keep proper records and the need for financial institutions to reconsider its stringent eligibility criteria for petty traders, Finally policy makers must create an enabling operating environment for micro enterprises to flourish.
The transcription factor YY2 has less momentous properties of an intrinsically disordered protein than its paralog YY1
Authors: Figiel Małgorzata , Łakomska Julia , Miłek Piotr , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta , Górecki Andrzej 
Published: May 2019

The transcription factor YY2 is a recently discovered paralog of YY1. The two proteins exhibit substantial sequence similarity and partially similar transcriptional activity. They recognize the same DNA sequence in vitro yet bind different promoters in vivo. YY1 comprises two structurally distinct parts: an intrinsically disordered regulatory part and a compact DNA‐binding domain. The structure of YY2 is yet unknown. We show that YY2 is structurally similar to YY1, although the conformational state of YY2 is more ordered, as shown by its composition, hydrodynamic properties, spectroscopic signal, and proteolytic susceptibility. As such, YY2's range of molecular partners might be distinct from that of YY1. This could explain different effects of YY1 and YY2 on gene expression patterns and the mechanism of YY proteins in transcriptional regulation.
Circular RNA Cdr1as sensitizes bladder cancer to cisplatin by upregulating APAF1 expression through miR‐1270 inhibition
Authors: Yuan Wenbo , Zhou Rui , Wang Jingzi , Han Jie , Yang Xiao , Yu Hao , Lu Hongcheng , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Pengchao , Tao Jun , Wei Jifu , Lu Qiang , Yang Haiwei , Gu Min 
Published: May 2019

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as essential regulators in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Previous studies have shown that Cdr1as functions as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge in various cancer types. However, the role of Cdr1as in cisplatin chemosensitivity in bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we used real‐time PCR to examine miRNA and gene expression in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. The abilities of Cdr1as and its downstream regulatory molecules to induce apoptosis and promote cisplatin‐induced chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells were determined by flow cytometry and cell counting kit. Bioinformatic analysis was utilized to predict potential miRNA target sites, and biotin‐coupled miRNA capture, biotin‐coupled probe pull‐down assay, and RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to study the interaction between Cdr1as and target miRNAs. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was also used to validate the target genes of miRNAs. The expression level of apoptotic protease‐activating factor 1 (APAF1) in bladder cancer cells was identified via western blot. Finally, the sensitivity of Cdr1as to cisplatin chemotherapy in nude mice xenografts was evaluated in terms of the size, volume of tumors, and the survival of mice. We report that Cdr1as induced the apoptosis and enhanced the cisplatin chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of APAF1 reduced the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy. Furthermore, Cdr1as could directly sponge miR‐1270 and abolish its effect on APAF1. Our study verified that Cdr1as exerts a cisplatin‐chemosensitization effect on bladder cancer cells through the Cdr1as/miR‐1270/APAF1 axis. This newly identified axis may be a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer patients.
Maximum likelihood gradient identification for multivariate equation‐error moving average systems using the multi‐innovation theory
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Ding Feng , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFor the multivariate equation‐error moving average system, a multivariate maximum likelihood multi‐innovation extended stochastic gradient (M‐ML‐MIESG) algorithm is delivered. The key is to decompose the system into several regressive identification subsystems according to the number of the system outputs. Then, a multivariate maximum likelihood extended stochastic gradient algorithm is presented to estimate the parameters of these subsystems. The M‐ML‐MIESG algorithm has higher parameter estimation accuracy than the multivariate extended stochastic gradient algorithm. The simulation examples indicate that the proposed methods work well.
Size‐Transformable Metal–Organic Framework–Derived Nanocarbons for Localized Chemo‐Photothermal Bacterial Ablation and Wound Disinfection
Authors: Yang Ye , Deng Yiyi , Huang Jianbo , Fan Xin , Cheng Chong , Nie Chuanxiong , Ma Lang , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSevere infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have become urgent threats to global public health. Antibacterial materials with combined chemo‐photothermal therapeutic capabilities possess distinct advantages when compared with many other antibacterial approaches. However, developing simplified and chemically tunable precursors to synthesize such antibacterial nanoagents for rapidly, safely, and synergistically combating pathogenic bacteria remains a huge challenge. Herein, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived nanocarbons with near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive and size‐transformable capabilities are designed to overcome this challenge. The MOF‐derived nanocarbons with chemo‐photothermal bactericidal capabilities are first synthesized, and then coated with a thermoresponsive gel layer to obtain ON–OFF switching capability for bacterial trapping. The fabricated nanocarbons exhibit high photo‐to‐thermal conversion efficiency and fast size transformation from nanodispersions to micrometer aggregations upon NIR irradiation, thus enabling nanocarbons to generate localized massive heat and abundant Zn2+ ions for directly disrupting bacterial membrane and intracellular proteins. Furthermore, these nanocarbons not only exhibit a nearly 100% bactericidal ratio at very low dosage, but also possess highly efficient and safe wound disinfection activities, which are comparable to vancomycin. Overall, these proposed novel nanocarbons display robust and localized chemo‐photothermal bactericidal capability and possess great potential to be used as alternative to antibiotics for broad‐spectrum eradication of pathogenic bacteria.
Light‐Controlled, High‐Resolution Patterning of Living Engineered Bacteria Onto Textiles, Ceramics, and Plastic
Authors: Moser Felix , Tham Eléonore , González Lina M. , Lu Timothy K. , Voigt Christopher A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiving cells can impart materials with advanced functions, such as sense‐and‐respond, chemical production, toxin remediation, energy generation and storage, self‐destruction, and self‐healing. Here, an approach is presented to use light to pattern Escherichia coli onto diverse materials by controlling the expression of curli fibers that anchor the formation of a biofilm. Different colors of light are used to express variants of the structural protein CsgA fused to different peptide tags. By projecting color images onto the material containing bacteria, this system can be used to pattern the growth of composite materials, including layers of protein and gold nanoparticles. This is used to pattern cells onto materials used for 3D printing, plastics (polystyrene), and textiles (cotton). Further, the adhered cells are demonstrated to respond to sensory information, including small molecules (IPTG and DAPG) and light from light‐emitting diodes. This work advances the capacity to engineer responsive living materials in which cells provide diverse functionality.
A Robust, Freestanding MXene‐Sulfur Conductive Paper for Long‐Lifetime Li–S Batteries
Authors: Tang Huan , Li Wenlong , Pan Limei , Tu Kejun , Du Fei , Qiu Tai , Yang Jian , Cullen Conor P. , McEvoy Niall , Zhang Chuanfang (John) 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFreestanding, robust electrodes with high capacity and long lifetime are of critical importance to the development of advanced lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries for next‐generation electronics, whose potential applications are greatly limited by the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle effect. Solutions to this issue have mostly focused on the design of cathode hosts with a polar, sulfurphilic, conductive network, or the introduction of an extra layer to suppress LiPS shuttling, which either results in complex fabrication procedures or compromises the mechanical flexibility of the device. A robust Ti3C2Tx/S conductive paper combining the excellent conductivity, mechanical strength, and unique chemisorption of LiPSs from MXene nanosheets is reported. Importantly, repeated cycling initiates the in situ formation of a thick sulfate complex layer on the MXene surface, which acts as a protective membrane, effectively suppressing the shuttling of LiPSs and improving the utilization of sulfur. Consequently, the Ti3C2Tx/S paper exhibits a high capacity and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.014% after 1500 cycles, the lowest value reported for Li–S batteries to date. A robust prototype pouch cell and full cell of Ti3C2Tx/S paper // lithium foil and prelithiated germanium are also demonstrated. The preliminary results show that Ti3C2Tx/S paper holds great promise for future flexible and wearable electronics.
Tuning Channel Architecture of Interdigitated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Recording the Action Potentials of Electrogenic Cells
Authors: Liang Yuanying , Brings Fabian , Maybeck Vanessa , Ingebrandt Sven , Wolfrum Bernhard , Pich Andrij , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as versatile electrophysiological sensors due to their high transconductance, biocompatibility, and transparent channel material. High maximum transconductances are demonstrated facilitating the extracellular recording of signals from electrogenic cells. However, this requires large channel dimensions and thick polymer films. These large channel dimensions lead to low transistor densities. Here, interdigitated OECTs (iOECTs) are introduced, which feature high transconductances at small device areas. A superior device performance is achieved by systematically optimizing the electrode layout regarding channel length, number of electrode fingers and electrode width. Interestingly, the maximum transconductance (gmax) does not straightforwardly scale with the channel width‐to‐length ratio, which is different from planar OECTs. This deviation is caused by the dominating influence of the source–drain series resistance Rsd for short channel devices. Of note, there is a critical channel length (15 µm) above which the channel resistance Rch becomes dominant and the device characteristics converge toward those of planar OECTs. Design rules for engineering the performance of iOECTs are proposed and tested by recording action potentials of cardiomyocyte‐like HL‐1 cells with high signal‐to‐noise ratios. These results demonstrate that interdigitated OECTs meet two requirements of bioelectronic applications, namely, high device performance and small channel dimensions.
Nitrogen‐Dopant‐Induced Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Crystal Growth on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lee Gil Yong , Yang Moon Young , Kim Dong‐Ha , Lim Joonwon , Byun Jinwoo , Choi Dong Sung , Lee Ho Jin , Nam Yoon Sung , Kim Il‐Doo , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterfacial engineering of organic–inorganic halide perovskites in conjunction with different functional materials is anticipated to offer novel heterojunction structures with unique functionalities. Unfortunately, complex material compositions and structures of the organic–inorganic hybrid materials make it difficult to tailor a desirable intermolecular interaction at the interface. Spontaneous and highly specific nucleation of perovskite crystals, that is, methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) at nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) surfaces for the self‐assembly of MAPbI3/NCNT hybrids is reported. It is demonstrated that the lone‐pair electrons of pyridinic nitrogen‐dopant sites at NCNTs mediate specific interactions with the cationic component in the perovskite structure and serve as the nucleation sites via coordinate bonding formation, as supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. The potential suitability of MAPbI3/NCNT hybrids is presented for highly sensitive and selective NO2 sensing layer. This work suggests a reliable self‐assembly route to the molecular level hybridization of organic–inorganic halide perovskites by employing the substitutional dopant sites at graphene‐based nanomaterials.
Revealing the Pseudo‐Intercalation Charge Storage Mechanism of MXenes in Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Mu Xinpeng , Wang Dashuai , Du Fei , Chen Gang , Wang Chunzhong , Wei Yingjin , Gogotsi Yury , Gao Yu , Dall'Agnese Yohan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the discovery of Ti3C2Tx in 2011, the family of two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (collectively known as MXenes) has quickly attracted the attention of those developing energy storage applications such as electrodes for supercapacitors with acidic aqueous electrolytes. The excellent performance of these MXenes is attributed to a pseudocapacitive energy storage mechanism, based on the non‐rectangular shape of cyclic voltammetry curves and changes in the titanium oxidation state detected by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. However, the pseudocapacitive mechanism is not well understood and no dimensional changes due to proton insertion have been reported. In this work, in situ X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory are used to investigate the charge storage mechanism of Ti3C2Tx in 1 m H2SO4. Results reveal that a 0.5 Å expansion and shrinkage of the c‐lattice parameter of Ti3C2Tx occur during cycling in a 0.9 V voltage window, showing that the charge storage mechanism is intercalation pseudocapacitance with implication for MXene use in energy storage and electrochemical actuators.
Advanced Optical Programming of Individual Meta‐Atoms Beyond the Effective Medium Approach
Authors: Michel Ann‐Katrin U. , Heßler Andreas , Meyer Sebastian , Pries Julian , Yu Yuan , Kalix Thomas , Lewin Martin , Hanss Julian , De Rose Angela , Maß Tobias W. W. , Wuttig Matthias , Chigrin Dmitry N. , Taubner Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanometer‐thick active metasurfaces (MSs) based on phase‐change materials (PCMs) enable compact photonic components, offering adjustable functionalities for the manipulation of light, such as polarization filtering, lensing, and beam steering. Commonly, they feature multiple operation states by switching the whole PCM fully between two states of drastically different optical properties. Intermediate states of the PCM are also exploited to obtain gradual resonance shifts, which are usually uniform over the whole MS and described by effective medium response. For programmable MSs, however, the ability to selectively address and switch the PCM in individual meta‐atoms is required. Here, simultaneous control of size, position, and crystallization depth of the switched phase‐change material (PCM) volume within each meta‐atom in a proof‐of‐principle MS consisting of a PCM‐covered Al–nanorod antenna array is demonstrated. By modifying optical properties locally, amplitude and light phase can be programmed at the meta‐atom scale. As this goes beyond previous effective medium concepts, it will enable small adaptive corrections to external aberrations and fabrication errors or multiple complex functionalities programmable on the same MS.
Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer and Separation Rate based on Sub 10 nm MoS2 Nanoflakes In Situ Grown on Graphitic‐C3N4
Authors: Wu Haoran , Qian Yongteng , Cui Jing , Chai Qingqing , Du Jimin , Zhang Linyu , Zhang Huijun , Wang Weimin , Kang Dae Joon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, sub 10 nm MoS2 nanoflakes are successfully in situ grown on graphitic‐carbon‐nitride (MoS2/g‐C3N4) through a hydrothermal strategy. The scanning electron microscopy result indicates that the thickness of the MoS2 nanoflakes is less than 10 nm, which can boost the transport rate of the photoproduced charge during the photodegradation process. Transmission electron microscopy result clearly shows that an excellent interfacial heterojunction is formed between g‐C3N4 and MoS2, which will significantly improve the stability of catalysts. Particularly, the optimal 8% MoS2/g‐C3N4 product displays significantly enhance catalytic performance and excellent long‐term photodurability. These superior photocatalytic properties are attributed to the excellent interfacial heterostructure between MoS2 and g‐C3N4, which extends the visible light absorption range, suppresses the recombination, and improves the transfer rate of photoproduced charge.