bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Stereoinduction Events in One C−H Activation Step: A Route towards Terphenyl Ligands with Two Atropisomeric Axes
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Djukic Jean‐Pierre , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein we disclose the synthesis of original chiral scaffolds—ortho‐orientated terphenyls presenting two atropisomeric Ar–Ar axes. These unusual structures were built up by using the C−H activation approach, and remarkably, both chiral axes were controlled with excellent stereoselectivity in a single transformation. During the reaction, not only does atroposelective functionalization of a biaryl precursor occur to establish one stereogenic axis, but an unprecedented atropo‐stereoselective C−H arylation also takes place to generate the second stereogenic element. These enantiomerically pure ortho‐terphenyls show an original tridimensional structure and thus constitute a unique foundation for building up a library of enantiomerically pure bidentate ligands, such as the new ligands S/N‐Biax and diphosphine BiaxPhos.
Phosphinic Acid Based Linkers: Building Blocks in Metal–Organic Framework Chemistry
Authors: Hynek Jan , Brázda Petr , Rohlíček Jan , Londesborough Michael G. S. , Demel Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a chemically and topologically diverse family of materials composed of inorganic nodes and organic linkers bound together by coordination bonds. Presented here are two significant innovations in this field. The first is the use of a new coordination group, phenylene‐1,4‐bis(methylphosphinic acid) (PBPA), a phosphinic acid analogue of the commonly used terephtalic acid. Use of this new linker group leads to the formation of a hydrothermally stable and permanently porous MOF structure. The second innovation is the application of electron‐diffraction tomography, coupled with dynamic refinement of the EDT data, to the elucidation of the structure of the new material, including the localization of hydrogen atoms.
Thermal and mechanical properties of wood‐plastic composites filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Xingli , Hao Xiaolong , Hao Jianxiu , Wang Qingwen 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWood plastic composites (WPCs) are a new generation of green composites which can come mostly from recycled materials. This study focuses on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of WPCs filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The thermal conductivity increases with increasing amount of MWCNTs and decreases with increasing temperature. By comparing the temperature changes of specimens during heating and cooling processes, WPCs with higher MWCNTs contents presents higher average temperature when heated until equilibrium temperature. From differential scanning calorimeter test, the melting temperatures of MWNTs reinforced WPCs change slightly, but the crystallinity is reduced with the increasing amount of MWCNTs. Based on a series of laboratory experiments carried out to investigate the mechanical performance, it can be concluded that the addition of the MWCNTs decreases the mechanical properties of WPCs due to the decohesion between thermoplastic matrix and MWCNTs particles under stress. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46308.
The effect of inorganic and organic nucleating agents on the electrical breakdown strength of polyethylene
Authors: Seven Karl M. , Cogen Jeffrey M. , Person Tim , Reffner John R. , Gilchrist James F. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAltering the morphology of polyethylene affects physical and electrical properties with reduced spherulite size correlating with higher electrical breakdown strength. Nucleating agents in polyethylene influence the final crystal morphology by increasing the number of spherulites and reducing spherulite size. Few studies are available that relate the nucleating activity to improved electrical breakdown strength. Although nanosilica is known to improve electrical breakdown strength of polyethylene in addition to serving as a nucleating agent, previous studies have not fully addressed the relationship between the improved breakdown strength and nucleating activity. In this article, direct current electrical breakdown strength and nucleation effects on morphology are assessed on a single set of controlled polyethylene compositions containing two types of surface treated nanosilica particles. The results are compared to composites with two types of organic nucleating agents 1,3:2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol or calcium 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate (CDA). CDA was the most effective organic nucleating agent and the hexamethyldisilizane treated nanosilica was the most effective inorganic nucleating agent in reducing spherulite sizes in low density polyethylene (LDPE). Reduced spherulite sizes in nucleated samples correlated with increased breakdown strength and lower conduction current compared to the neat LDPE. The LDPE sample with CDA also had the highest increase in crystallization temperature indicating stronger nucleating agent performance than the nanosilica and 1,3:2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol composite samples. The addition of these inorganic and organic nucleating agents all resulted in improvements in electrical breakdown strength. The results show that nucleation deserves more attention as a potential cause for improved breakdown strength observed with silica and organic nucleating agents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46325.
Regional Structural and Functional Specializations in the Urethra of the Female Rat: Evidence for Complex Physiological Control Systems
Authors: Eggermont Monica , de Wachter Stefan , Eastham Jane , Gillespie James 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes the complex structural and functional elements of the female rat urethra that may be involved in controlling urethral closure and continence. Urethras were dissected from female Sprague‐Dawley rats (N = 12) euthanized by pentobarbital overdose. Tissues were fixed (4% paraformaldehyde), frozen, and sectioned (8 μm) for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies were used to detect immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene related peptide, nitric oxide synthase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Measurements of urethral wall compliance were taken along its length and in different axes using a closed ended catheter with a circular aperture. The bladder neck and proximal urethra are characterized by a highly folded epithelium and lamina propria. A smooth muscle layer is apparent but not pronounced. Distal to this region the smooth muscle layer thickens and forms the body of the internal sphincter, which has a complex innervation. In the mid urethra, the smooth muscle is thickened resulting in a luminal protrusion, producing an occlusion of the lumen. The structure of the distal urethra is different. The epithelium has few folds and, immediately below the lamina propria large thin walled vascular lacunae can be found. Measurements of the urethral wall compliance demonstrate distinct regional differences with proximal and distal specialisations. These variations, which correlate with muscular and vascular elements, suggest the operation of discrete systems, hence effecting urethral closure during filling. An understanding of these systems may yield insights into urethral pathology and direct approaches to develop pharmacological interventions to promote continence. Anat Rec, 301:1276–1289, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Spectra of Adult Human Stellate Ganglia: Implications for Thoracic Sympathetic Denervation
Authors: Kwon Oh Jin , Pendekanti Shrita , Fox Jacob N. , Yanagawa Jane , Fishbein Michael C. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Lambert H. Wayne , Ajijola Olujimi A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTCardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) to treat ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) requires transection at the middle or lower third of stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglia (SG). However, the morphological appearance of the adult SG and distribution of neuronal somata within it are not well described. To determine the morphology of left and right SG (LSG and RSG) and the distribution of somata within. LSG and RSG (n = 28) from 14 embalmed adult cadavers were dissected intact. Weight, volume, height, morphologic appearance, relationship between C8 and T1 ganglia (which form the SG) were determined, along with histology. Demographics, history of cardiac disease, and cause of death were also reviewed. Mean age of the subjects was 76 ± 13 years, and 5/14 were male. Three distinct morphologies of SG were identified: fusiform‐rounded; fusiform‐elongated; and bilobed. RSG and LSG did not differ in weight or volume. RSG were longer than LSG (2.05 ± 0.28 cm vs. 1.66 ± 0.47 cm, P = 0.024). Bilobed morphology was most common in RSGs (8/14), while fused, elongated was most common in LSG (8/14). RSGs lacked fused, rounded appearance, while 28.6% of LSG appeared as such. Histologically, one focus of somata was seen in fused rounded ganglia, while fused elongated SG had somata distributed throughout. Bilobed SG demonstrated two foci of somata, with the interconnecting stalk containing sparse somata. SG appears in three major forms and contains varying distributions of somata. Larger studies are warranted to define the relationship between gross anatomy and distribution of neuronal somata to improve the efficacy of CSD in treating VAs. Anat Rec, 301:1244–1250, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An iminium ion metabolite hampers the production of the pharmacologically active metabolite of a multikinase inhibitor KW‐2449 in primates: irreversible inhibition of aldehyde oxidase and covalent binding with endogenous proteins
Authors: Hosogi Jun , Ohashi Rui , Maeda Hiroshi , Fujita Kazuhiro , Ushiki Junko , Kuwabara Takashi , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Imamura Toru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe previously reported that KW‐2449, (E)‐1‐{4‐[2‐(1H‐Indazol‐3‐yl)vinyl]benzoyl}piperazine, a novel multikinase inhibitor developed for the treatment of leukemia patients, was oxidized to an iminium ion intermediate by monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) and then converted to its oxo‐piperazine form (M1) by aldehyde oxidase (AO). However, it was found that the significant decrease in the pharmacologically active metabolite M1 following repeated administration of KW‐2449 in primates might hamper the effectiveness of the drug. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon was investigated and it was found that the AO activity was inhibited in a time‐dependent manner in vitro under the co‐incubation of KW‐2449 and MAO‐B, while neither KW‐2449 nor M1 strongly inhibited MAO‐B or AO activity. These results clearly suggest that MAO‐B catalysed iminium ion metabolite inhibited AO, prompting us to investigate whether or not the iminium ion metabolite covalently binds to endogenous proteins, as has been reported with other reactive metabolites as a cause for idiosyncratic toxicity. The association of the radioactivity derived from 14C‐KW‐2449 with endogenous proteins both in vivo and in vitro was confirmed and it was verified that this covalent binding was inhibited by the addition of sodium cyanide, an iminium ion‐trapping reagent, and pargyline, a MAO‐B inhibitor. These findings strongly suggest that the iminium ion metabolite of KW‐2449 is highly reactive in inhibiting AO irreversibly and binding to endogenous macromolecules covalently.
Gibt es einen „Duft der MHC‐Gene“?
Authors: Overath Peter , Natsch Andreas 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungVerhaltensexperimente mit Mäusen und Menschen sprechen für einen Einfluss der für die Immunantwort wichtigen Gene des MHC (major histocompatibility locus) für die Unterscheidung von Selbst und Nicht‐Selbst bei der Partnerwahl. Diese Korrelation ist bei Mäusen gut dokumentiert, bei Menschen jedoch umstritten. Die Signalübertragung soll durch von einem Sender gebildete, MHC‐spezifische Duftkomponenten und deren Wahrnehmung durch Riechen beim Empfänger erfolgen. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Gesamtbouquet der flüchtigen Substanzen bei Maus und Mensch nicht und das Peptidmuster der Mäuse nur marginal vom MHC beeinflusst werden. Bei Mäusen scheint das Duftbouquet ohne MHC‐Beteiligung dennoch eine Rolle bei der Partnerwahl zu spielen, indem das bei der Aufzucht von den Eltern erlernte Profil mit dem abweichenden Profil eines sodann bevorzugten Partners verglichen wird. Ein von nahen Verwandten abweichendes Duftprofil ohne Einfluss des MHC könnte auch unbewusst bei der menschlichen Partnerwahl eine Rolle spielen.
Bevölkerungswachstum: Bildung ist die Lösung
Authors: Klingholz Reiner 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Weltbevölkerung wächst seit über vier Dekaden Jahr für Jahr um etwa 80 Millionen. Zwar hat sich seither die Wachstumsrate durch weltweit sinkende Kinderzahlen je Frau halbiert, doch in absoluten Zahlen dürfte der Zuwachs noch Jahrzehnte anhalten. Der demografische Übergang von hohen hin zu niedrigen Geburten‐ und Sterberaten ist im entwickelten Teil der Welt bereits abgeschlossen. Dort wachsen die Bevölkerungen kaum noch, zum Teil schrumpfen sie sogar. In den armen Ländern hingegen sind zwar die Sterberaten gesunken, die Geburtenraten jedoch nur wenig, weshalb dort die Zahl der Menschen stark zunimmt. Die ohnehin großen Probleme dieser Länder werden durch das anhaltende Wachstum immer schwerer lösbar. Einen Ausweg verspricht vor allem eine bessere Bildung, welche den Menschen neue Lebensperspektiven eröffnet. Zudem bekommen Frauen mit mehr Bildung wesentlich weniger Kinder als solche, die nie oder nur kurz zur Schule gegangen sind.
Impact of sheath size and hemostasis time on radial artery patency after transradial coronary angiography and intervention in Japanese and non‐Japanese patients: A substudy from RAP and BEAT (Radial Artery Patency and Bleeding, Efficacy, Adverse evenT) randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Aminian Adel , Saito Shigeru , Takahashi Akihiko , Bernat Ivo , Jobe Robert Lee , Kajiya Takashi , Gilchrist Ian C. , Louvard Yves , Kiemeneij Ferdinand , van Royen Niels , van Leeuwen Maarten , Yamazaki Seiji , Matsukage Takashi , Iglesias Juan F. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundDuring transradial (TR) access, it remains unclear whether differences in baseline patients characteristics and hemostasis care impact the rate of radial artery occlusion (RAO). We sought to compare the rate of RAO after TR access with the 6 French(Fr) Glidesheath Slender (GSS6Fr, Terumo, Japan) or a standard 5 Fr sheath in Japanese and non‐Japanese patients.Methods and ResultsThe Radial Artery Patency and Bleeding, Efficacy, Adverse evenT (RAP and BEAT) trial randomized 1,836 patients undergoing TR coronary angiography and/or interventions to receive the GSS6Fr or the standard 5 Fr Glidesheath (GS5Fr, Terumo, Japan). Out of this study population, 1,087 were Japanese patients and 751 non‐Japanese patients. The overall incidence of RAO was significantly higher in Japanese patients (3.6% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.002). Use of GSS6Fr was associated with higher rates of RAO than GS5Fr in Japanese patients (5% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.02) and with similar RAO rates in non‐Japanese patients (1.3 vs. 1.1%, P = 1). The mean hemostasis time was significantly longer in Japanese patients (378 ± 253 vs. 159 ± 136 min, P < 0.001) and more Japanese patients had a hemostasis time of more than 6 hr (16.2% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.0001). Longer hemostasis time was an independent predictor of RAO (OR per additional hour 1.070, 95% CI 1.008–1.136, P = 0.03).ConclusionsUse of GSS6Fr was associated with a higher rate of RAO than a standard 5 Fr sheath in Japanese patients but not in non‐Japanese patients. Whether improvement in post‐procedural care and reduced hemostasis time could impact the incidence of RAO in Japanese patients should be further assessed.
Cooperative Surface‐Particle Catalysis: The Role of the “Active Doughnut” in Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Slot Thierry K. , Eisenberg David , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider the factors that govern the activity of bifunctional catalysts comprised of active particles supported on active surfaces. Such catalysts are interesting because the adsorption and diffusion steps, which are often discounted in “conventional” catalytic scenarios, play a key role here. We present an intuitive model, the so‐called “active doughnut” concept, defining an active catalytic region around the supported particles. This simple model explains the role of adsorption and diffusion steps in cascade catalytic cycles for active particles supported on active surfaces. The concept has two important practical implications. First, the reaction rate is no longer proportional to the number of active sites, but rather to the number of “communicative” active sites—those available to the reaction intermediates during their respective lifetimes. Second, it generates an important testable prediction concerning the dependence of the total reaction rate on the particle size. With these tools at hand, we examine six experimental examples of catalytic oxidation from the literature, and show that the active doughnut concept gives valuable insight even when detailed mechanistic information is hard to come by.
Enhancement of Molybdenum/ZSM‐5 Catalysts in Methane Aromatization by the Addition of Iron Promoters and by Reduction/Carburization Pretreatment
Authors: Sridhar Apoorva , Rahman Mustafizur , Khatib Sheima J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe influence of an Fe additive and different types of pretreatment were studied on HZSM‐5‐supported molybdenum oxide (MoOx) catalysts for methane aromatization. The catalytic behavior of catalysts that consist of 6 wt % Mo/ZSM‐5 with 0, 0.2, and 1 wt % Fe was tested with two types of pretreatment: 1) heating under He flow and 2) reduction in H2/CH4 and carburization in CH4. Under He pretreatment, the addition of 0.2 wt % Fe improved the benzene yield, but the addition of 1 % Fe decreased it slightly. Precarburization of the catalysts resulted in enhanced catalytic properties for all Fe loadings and improved the catalyst stability. The precarburized 6 wt % Mo–0.2 wt %Fe catalyst presented the highest benzene yield (6.9 %), which was almost stable in the subsequent 10 h test. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by using XRD, N2 adsorption, temperature‐programmed reduction, SEM, temperature‐programmed oxidation, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the precarburized catalysts are more stable because of the formation of smaller amounts of carbon deposits and, consequently, less pore blockage. The addition of Fe causes the carbon deposits to be more reactive and easier to burn off. Higher Fe loadings are linked to the formation of carbon nanotubes.
Using Digestate Compost as a Substrate for Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Wagner Andreas Otto , Janetschek Julian , Illmer Paul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) of separately collected biowaste is an ecologically and economically interesting waste treatment technology due to the production of utilizable biogas and coeval reduction of waste mass fractions. The combination of AD with subsequent composting leads to a higher degree of overall biowaste carbon utilization compared to single composting. Compost may also be of interest for an anew digestion step, since carbon, e.g., of lignocellulose, is made available by the aerobic composting process. The possibility to redigest liquid digestate and/or digestate compost was evaluated using batch reactors. It could be shown that compost is an interesting substrate for AD that might be used for stabilization of the digestion process, e.g., in times of deteriorating reactor performance due to changes in quantity and quality of the feed material.
Process Monitoring and Control for an Anaerobic Covered Lagoon Treating Abattoir Wastewater
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , McCabe Bernadette , Harris Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study presents results from lab‐scale studies and highlights issues related to process monitoring equipment and analytical methods at the field scale. This includes the evaluation of data from on‐site online sensors and sample analyses as well as results from discontinuous and continuous digestion tests in a biogas laboratory. The results demonstrate the influence of the organic loading and wastewater composition on process stability, sludge activity, and biogas production. Key recommendations for plant operation include the avoidance of strong fluctuations in input volume and concentration, to ensure good functioning of online sensors, and to adapt the management of the different wastewater streams according to their characteristics.
Dehydration Polymerization for Poly(hetero)arene Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Mirabal Rafael A. , Vanderzwet Luke , Abuadas Sara , Emmett Michael R. , Schipper Derek 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe lack of scalable and sustainable methods to prepare conjugated polymers belies their importance in many enabling technologies. Accessing high‐performance poly(hetero)arene conjugated polymers by dehydration has remained an unsolved problem in synthetic chemistry and has historically required transitional‐metal coupling reactions. Herein, we report a dehydration method that allows access to conjugated heterocyclic materials. By using the technique, we have prepared a series of small molecules and polymers. The reaction avoids using transition metals, proceeds at room temperature, the only required reactant is a simple base and water is the sole by‐product. The dehydration reaction is technically simple and provides a sustainable and straightforward method to prepare conjugated heteroarene motifs.
Influence of the Paddle Geometry on the Fluid Flow and Particle Movement of a Deflector Wheel Separator
Authors: Spötter Christian , Legenhausen Kurt , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn der industriellen Aufbereitung feiner Partikelkollektive ist die Sichtung in einem Abweiseradsichter ein wichtiger verfahrenstechnischer Schritt zur Herstellung vieler hochspezifischer Produkte. Vorhergegangene Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass sich Sichtluftwirbel zwischen den Schaufeln des Sichtrades ausbilden, welche die Fluidströmung sowie die Partikelbewegung und schlussendlich die Trenneigenschaften des Sichters maßgeblich beeinflussen. Es ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, den Zusammenhang zwischen Schaufelgeometrie, Fluidströmung und Trenncharakteristik aufzudecken.
Potential of a New Milling Principle – The Electromechanical Milling
Authors: Halbedel Bernd , Kazak Oleg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie elektromechanische Zerkleinerung (EMZ) hat aufgrund der Nutzung von hartmagnetischen Mahlkörpern und deren intensive Bewegung mit sich ändernden Magnetfeldern große Potenziale, nicht nur hohe Produktfeinheiten zu erzielen, sondern vor allem den Energiebedarf bei der Zerkleinerung signifikant zu senken. Zur Evaluierung dieser Potenziale wurden die Magnetfeldverteilung im Prozessraum simuliert, die Mahlkörperbewegung experimentell analysiert sowie Zerkleinerungsexperimente mit verschiedenen Materialien durchgeführt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Abhängigkeiten zur Auslegung von EMZ‐Anlagen abgeleitet.