bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corannulene‐Incorporated AIE Nanodots with Highly Suppressed Nonradiative Decay for Boosted Cancer Phototheranostics In Vivo
Authors: Gu Xinggui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ma Huili , Jia Shaorui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Yanjun , Liu Qian , Wang Jianguo , Zheng Xiaoyan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) based on luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission characteristic (AIEgens), namely AIE dots, have received wide attention because of their antiquenching attitude in emission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation when aggregated. However, few reports are available on how to control and optimize their fluorescence and ROS generation ability. Herein, it is reported that enhancing the intraparticle confined microenvironment is an effective approach to advanced AIE dots, permitting boosted cancer phototheranostics in vivo. Formulation of a “rotor‐rich” and inherently charged near‐infrared (NIR) AIEgen with 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)‐2000] and corannulene‐decorated PEG affords DSPE‐AIE dots and Cor‐AIE dots, respectively. Compared to DSPE‐AIE dots, Cor‐AIE dots show 4.0‐fold amplified fluorescence quantum yield and 5.4‐fold enhanced ROS production, because corannulene provides intraparticle rigidity and strong interactions with the AIEgen to restrict the intramolecular rotation of AIEgen to strongly suppress the nonradiative decay and significantly facilitate the fluorescence pathway and intersystem crossing. Thus, it tremendously promotes phototheranostic efficacies in terms of NIR image‐guided cancer surgery and photodynamic therapy using a peritoneal carcinomatosis‐bearing mouse model. Collectively, it not only provides a novel strategy to advanced AIE dots for cancer phototheranostics, but also brings new insights into the design of superior fluorescent NPs for biomedical applications.
Sunlight Induced Rapid Oil Absorption and Passive Room‐Temperature Release: An Effective Solution toward Heavy Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: Wu Mengchun , Shi Yusuf , Chang Jian , Li Renyuan , Ong Chisiang , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRapid cleanup and easy recovery of spilled heavy oils is always a great challenge due to their high viscosity (>103 mPa s). One of the efficient methods to absorb highly viscous oils is to reduce their viscosity by increasing their temperature. In this work, the authors integrate the sunlight‐induced light‐to‐heat conversion effect of polypyrrole (PPy) and thermoresponsive property of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) into the melamine sponge, which successfully delivers a fast heavy oil absorption under sunlight and passive oil release underwater at room temperature. Thanks to the rationally designed functionalities, the PNIPAm/PPy functionalized sponges possess oleophilicity and hydrophobicity under sunlight. Due to the photothermal effect of PPy, the sponges locally heat up contacting heavy oil under sunlight and reduce its viscosity to a point where the oil voluntarily flow into the pores of the sponge. The material in this work is able to rapidly absorb the heavy oil with room temperature viscosity as high as ≈1.60 × 105 mPa s. The absorbed oil can be passively forced out the sponge underwater at room temperature due to the hydrophilicity of PNIPAm. The sunlight responsive and multifunctional sponge represents a meaningful attempt in coming up with a sustainable solution toward heavy oil spill.
Binary Multifunctional Ultrabroadband Self‐Powered g‐C3N4/Si Heterojunction High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Prakash Nisha , Kumar Gaurav , Singh Manjri , Barvat Arun , Pal Prabir , Singh Surinder P. , Singh H. K. , Khanna Suraj P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCompact optical detectors with fast binary photoswitching over a broad range of wavelength are essential as an interconnect for any light‐based parallel, real‐time computing. Despite of the tremendous technological advancements yet there is no such single device available that meets the specifications. Here a multifunctional self‐powered high‐speed ultrabroadband (250–1650 nm) photodetector is reported based on graphitic carbon‐nitride (g‐C3N4)/Si hybrid 2D/3D structure. The device shows a novel binary photoswitching (change in current from positive to negative) in response to OFF/ON light illumination at small forward bias (≤0.1 V) covering 250–1350 nm. At zero bias, the device displays an extremely high ON/OFF ratio of ≈1.2 × 105 under 680 nm (49 µW cm−2) illumination. The device also shows an ultrasensitive behavior over the entire operating range at low light illuminations, with highest responsivity (1.2 A W−1), detectivity (2.8 × 1014 Jones), and external quantum efficiency (213%) at 680 nm. The response and recovery speeds are typically 0.23 and 0.60 ms, respectively, under 288 Hz light switching frequency. Dramatically improved performance of the device is attributed to the heterojunctions formed by the ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets embedded in the Si surface.
Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates
Authors: Yoshimoto Takuya , Goto Taichi , Shimada Kei , Iwamoto Bungo , Nakamura Yuichi , Uchida Hironaga , Ross Caroline A. , Inoue Mitsuteru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingle‐crystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), rare‐earth‐substituted GGG, and neodymium gallium garnet (NGG) substrates, and their crystalline structures, surface morphologies, magnetic and magneto‐optical properties, spin wave (SW) spectra of the forward volume (FV) mode, and damping parameters are characterized. YIG grown on NGG shows the smallest out‐of‐plane effective anisotropy field of 1080 Oe among the three samples because of its larger magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution, and its damping parameter is 1.1 × 10−3. The FV SW dispersion curve is calculated from the magnetic anisotropy and it shows good agreement with experimental data.
Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for acute clomipramine intoxication in rats
Authors: Tsuji Takumi , Hattori Yuji , Komori Koji , Yoshida Yuya , Banno Rie , Kohno Takeyuki 
Published: May 2018

AimIn this study, to assess the utility of lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as a treatment option for overdoses of lipophilic drugs, we examined the detoxification effect of ILE therapy in rats that were administered overdoses of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine hydrochloride (CMI).MethodsFemale Wistar rats were orally administered 50 mg/kg CMI five times in 2‐h intervals to examine whether intralipos accelerated the elimination of CMI in the peripheral blood. Rats were divided into the intralipos (i.v. 2 g/kg intralipos) and placebo (i.v. saline) groups. The concentrations of CMI and desmethylclomipramine (DMCMI), a metabolite of CMI, in blood were measured over time by high‐performance liquid chromatography. We then gave the animals 100 mg/kg CMI orally to examine whether intralipos could inhibit the distribution of CMI. The CMI and DMCMI concentrations in peripheral blood, liver, and brain were measured 60 min after intralipos administration.ResultsThe blood concentration of CMI was significantly higher in the intralipos group than in the placebo group at 60 and 120 min. After a single administration of 100 mg/kg CMI, the ratio of the concentration of CMI in liver/serum was significantly lower in the intralipos group than in the placebo group. We also found a significantly faster elimination rate for CMI in peripheral blood in the intralipos group than in the placebo group.ConclusionThe distribution of CMI from blood to tissue was suppressed by intralipos. Therefore, ILE therapy is a promising candidate for the treatment of overdoses of lipophilic drugs.
Microwave fixation enhances gluten fibril formation in wheat endosperm
Authors: Orenday‐Ortiz Jose M. , Morris Craig F. 
Published: May 2018

Background and objectivesIn the wheat endosperm, the storage proteins glutenin and gliadin form a proteinaceous matrix deposited among starch granules and when hydrated, interact to form gluten. Although the genetics, rheology, and molecular characterization of these proteins have been widely studied, there remains a lack of knowledge in the structural characterization of how they form gluten. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of wheat kernel preparation for electron microscopy and assess how they affect the proteinaceous matrix.FindingsTwo methods were evaluated; microwave and refrigeration treatment of chemically fixed and sectioned wheat kernels. Of the two treatments, the microwave treatment induced the formation of gluten fibrils in the kernel endosperm. In some of the refrigeration‐treated kernels, protein sheets were observed. Additional protein filaments were seen directly interacting with B‐type starch granules.ConclusionsMicrowave treatment for preparing wheat kernels for electron microscopy induces a change in the kinetics stabilizing the gluten proteins in the wheat endosperm to form gluten fibrils.Significance and noveltyTo date, microscopic studies of gluten formation have evaluated flour or doughs, whereas this study evaluated gluten formation in the intact wheat endosperm. These findings can help direct future studies regarding gluten formation and artifacts in fixed wheat kernels.
Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Fields as Natural Power Plants
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Nakamura Ryuhei , Takai Ken 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeep‐sea hydrothermal vents are hot springs on the seafloor. In recent years, electricity generation in deep‐sea hydrothermal vents has been reported. Electricity can be generated through the sulfide minerals that form in seafloor hydrothermal deposits, and these minerals can convert the redox and heat energy between hydrothermal fluids and seawater into electric power. The physical and chemical phenomena of generating electricity from natural minerals provide key insights into development of deep‐sea power plants and novel electricity‐conversion materials with earth abundant elements. In addition, the new findings have established a novel concept of life, e. g., existence of electricity‐sustained life in hydrothermal vents and widespread occurrence of electron‐uptake ecosystems on the seafloor, together with a new hypothesis about the origin of life.
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)‐Based Blends as New Binders for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Min , Fu Xuewei , Wang Yu , Reeve Jacqueline , Scudiero Louis , Zhong Wei‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPolymer binder plays a critical role in controlling the microstructure of electrode composites. Compared to synthesizing new binder molecules, polymer blends combining the advantages of different polymers represent a low‐cost, facile, and effective strategy for the design of advanced binder systems. In this study, we aim to improve the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder performance by blending with other functional polymers, including polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PE‐PEG) co‐polymer and poly(propylene carbonates) (PPCs). It is found that the PE‐PEG co‐polymer acting as a surfactant for carbon black (CB) can improve the dispersion of CB and, thus, result in a more uniform conductive network in the electrode composites. The addition of PPC, an amorphous polymer with good affinity to liquid electrolytes, can reduce the crystallinity of PVDF and improve the component interactions. Benefiting from the improved structure uniformity, the specific capacity and C‐rate performance of the resultant electrodes were notably improved, as compared with that of pure PVDF binder. These results indicate that polymer blending is a facile method to modify the PVDF binder and improve the uniformity and interfaces of electrode composites.
Uncommon Optical Properties and Silver‐Responsive Turn‐Off/On Luminescence in a PtII Heteroleptic Dithiolene Complex
Authors: Attar Salahuddin S. , Artizzu Flavia , Marchiò Luciano , Espa Davide , Pilia Luca , Casula Maria F. , Serpe Angela , Pizzotti Maddalena , Orbelli‐Biroli Alessio , Deplano Paola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractComplex [Pt(iPr2pipdt)(Quinoxdt)] (iPr2pipdt=1,4‐diisopropyl‐piperazine‐2,3‐dithione; Quinoxdt=[1,4]dithiino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dithiolate) exhibits a remarkable green emission at 570 nm (room temperature), which is above the lowest excited state. The complex is characterized by negative solvatochromism as well as a high second‐order polarizability. Addition of AgI ions induces 1) hypsochromic shift of the lowest frequencies and 2) reversible quenching of luminescence. The corresponding Ni and Pd complexes have also been prepared and investigated to assist interpretation of optical properties within the triad. Computational studies based on DFT and time‐dependent DFT highlight the electronic properties of [Pt(iPr2pipdt)(Quinoxdt)]. The preferential site of interaction between the Pt complex and incoming AgI is evidenced by the shape of the Fukui functions, pointing to the thiolic sulfur and platinum atoms as the most reactive sites towards a soft cation. Calculated optical properties are in agreement with experimental findings. This study sheds light on the structure–property relationship for this class of compounds.
Hollow TiNb2O7@C Spheres with Superior Rate Capability and Excellent Cycle Performance as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Guozhen , Li Qing , Che Renchao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTiNb2O7, with high charge/discharge voltage (1.65 V), long life span, and excellent reversibility has become a new anode material for lithium ion batteries in recent years. However, the inherent poor electronic conductivity strictly limits its practical applications. Herein, we report for the first time hollow TiNb2O7@C spheres, with carbon spheres as sacrificial template. The special hollow structure can effectively relieve the volume expansion during the repeated process of charging/discharging. The conductivity of hollow TiNb2O7 spheres can be greatly improved by the carbon layers uniformly coated outside the surface of TiNb2O7 spheres. Besides, the particle aggregation can be conspicuously suppressed by the uniformly coated carbon layers. As a result, hollow TiNb2O7@C spheres show a prominent charge/discharge capacity of 282.6/283.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.25 C (1 C=388 mA g−1), revealing the excellent cycle performance and high reversible capacity. Meanwhile, the charge/discharge capacity of 157.5 and 157.9 mAh g−1 can be maintained at 10 C after 10 cycles. The facial synthetic method can be extended to prepare various materials with volume expansion during repeated charging/discharging process.
The application of nitrogen oxides in industrial preparations of nitro compounds
Authors: Gao Xi , Peng Xinhua , Chen Kaihao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNitrogen oxides of atomic economy are promising nitrating agents instead of common nitric and sulphuric acids in the industrial preparations of nitro compounds. This review provides recent developments of nitration using nitrogen oxides found in applied research. Novel nitration involving three classes of nitrogen oxides is described for the synthesis of organic intermediates, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products, high energy density materials, and some catalytic materials.
Bis‐Cyclic Guanidines as a Novel Class of Compounds Potent against Clostridium difficile
Authors: Li Chunhui , Teng Peng , Peng Zhong , Sang Peng , Sun Xingmin , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) symptoms range from diarrhea to severe toxic megacolon and even death. Due to its rapid acquisition of resistance, C. difficile is listed as an urgent antibiotic‐resistant threat, and has surpassed methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most common hospital‐acquired infection in the USA. To combat this pathogen, a new structural class of pseudo‐peptides that exhibit antimicrobial activities could play an important role. Herein we report a set of bis‐cyclic guanidine compounds that show potent antibacterial activity against C. difficile with decent selectivity. Eight compounds showed high in vitro potency against C. difficile UK6 with MIC values of 1.0 μg mL−1, and cytotoxic selectivity index (SI) values up to 37. Moreover, the most selective compound is also effective in the treatment of C. difficile‐induced disease in a mouse model of CDI, and appears to be a very promising new candidate for the treatment of CDI.
RNA‐Seq for Bacterial Gene Expression
Authors: Poulsen Line Dahl , Vinther Jeppe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) has become the preferred method for global quantification of bacterial gene expression. With the continued improvements in sequencing technology and data analysis tools, the most labor‐intensive and expensive part of an RNA‐seq experiment is the preparation of sequencing libraries, which is also essential for the quality of the data obtained. Here, we present a straightforward and inexpensive basic protocol for preparation of strand‐specific RNA‐seq libraries from bacterial RNA as well as a computational pipeline for the data analysis of sequencing reads. The protocol is based on the Illumina platform and allows easy multiplexing of samples and the removal of sequencing reads that are PCR duplicates. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High Mechanical Strength Sapphire Cover Lens for Smartphone Screen
Authors: Lin Geng , Huang Yihong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSapphire raised significant visibility during the past years for its application on the smartphone screen. The most prominent features of sapphire are ultra‐high hardness and scratch resistance, but as a kind of brittle material, one should pay more attention to the mechanical strength for smartphone screen application. Sapphire is fine for small size, such as watch, camera and fingerprint sensor cover lens, etc. Sapphire meets large challenge for thin and large size smartphone screen. Herein, the authors investigate the influence of the crystallographic orientation, stress and edge polishing on the mechanical strength of the mass production sapphire cover lens. Finally, the authors develope high mechanical strength sapphire smartphone screen cover lens for mass production with thickness is only 0.5 mm. The B10 probability failure value of four‐point bending strength is greater than 800 MPa, and the smartphone drop height is higher than 1 m.
Bioproduction of Benzylamine from Renewable Feedstocks via a Nine‐Step Artificial Enzyme Cascade and Engineered Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Shuke , Mao Jiwei , Li Zhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProduction of chemicals from renewable feedstocks has been an important task for sustainable chemical industry. Although microbial fermentation has been widely employed to produce many biochemicals, it is still very challenging to access non‐natural chemicals. Two methods (biotransformation and fermentation) have been developed for the first bio‐derived synthesis of benzylamine, a commodity non‐natural amine with broad applications. Firstly, a nine‐step artificial enzyme cascade was designed by biocatalytic retrosynthetic analysis and engineered in recombinant E. coli LZ243. Biotransformation of l‐phenylalanine (60 mm) with the E. coli cells produced benzylamine (42 mm) in 70 % conversion. Importantly, the cascade biotransformation was scaled up to 100 mL and benzylamine was successfully isolated in 57 % yield. Secondly, an artificial biosynthesis pathway to benzylamine from glucose was developed by combining the nine‐step cascade with an enhanced l‐phenylalanine synthesis pathway in cells. Fermentation with E. coli LZ249 gave benzylamine in 4.3 mm concentration from glucose. In addition, one‐pot syntheses of several useful benzylamines from the easily available styrenes were achieved, representing a new type of alkene transformation by formal oxidative cleavage and reductive amination.
Multiple‐frequency digital phase‐locked loop based on multiphase clock divider with constant pulse interval
Authors: Yahara Mitsutoshi , Fujimoto Kuniaki , Kiyota Hideo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the mobile communication equipment, the clock generator for driving each system is required to have a fast pull‐in time, multiple signals of constant pulse interval, synchronization range, low output jitter, and wide lock‐in range characteristics. In this paper, multiple‐frequency multiphase clock digital‐controlled phased‐locked loop (MC‐DCPLL) is proposed. In this loop, the pulse width error of the multiplied output signal is a time within one phase difference of the multiphase clock regardless of the multiplication ratio. The output jitter in the steady state is always within one phase difference of the multiphase clock. Since it is a control method by dividing ratio changeable type, the lock‐in range is extremely wide. Also, the initial pull‐in time is always completed in one cycle of the input signal without being influenced by the multiplication ratio. It is clarified by theory and simulation that these characteristics can be obtained. From the above, the versatility of the proposed multiple‐frequency MC‐DCPLL is extremely high, and it can be expected to be used for clock sources, and so on, in various mobile communication equipment systems.
Consideration of multi‐coil type magnetization system for magnetic particle testing of omnidirectional crack in all surfaces of 3D shape test object
Authors: Fukuoka Katsuhiro , Kobayashi Masaki , Ozaki Tomohiro , Oikawa Yoshiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMechanical parts, plants, and cross‐linkages inspected with magnetic‐particle testing (MT) are typically complex 3D shapes. In complex 3D shape portions, because a magnetizer often cannot be configured to inspection portions and the test object cannot be appropriately magnetized, there is a possibility of overlooking a crack in such an instance. Thus, MT system development that was successfully able to detect omnidirectional cracks in 3D shape portions was considered in this study's trials. Two multi‐coil type magnetizers were hence arranged face‐to‐face, and the magnetization of omnidirectional scenarios for all surfaces of 3D shape test object was evaluated.
The Impact of the Position of the Redox Label on Charge Transfer and Hybridization Efficiency at DNA Interfaces
Authors: Silva Saimon Moraes , Hoque Sharmin , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA common electrode construct for electrochemical DNA biosensors consists of tethering a redox‐label‐modified single stranded DNA to the electrode and comparing the electrochemical response of a redox probe before and after hybridization. Despite the analytical advantages of this construct, contradictory results are found in the literature regarding to the effect of redox‐labeling position on the charge transfer process happening at a DNA interface. Herein a contribution to this discussion is made by investigating how a methylene blue redox label placed at different positions along a probe strand of DNA affects the DNA hybridization efficiency. For that, a second redox label, a ferrocene molecule, was attached to the target DNA at a fixed position such that upon hybridization it is positioned at the distal end of the DNA monolayer. The dual label strategy allowed us to explore, for each methylene blue labeling position, how the binding‐induced diminution in the methylene blue signaling is associated with the appearance of the ferrocene signaling after hybridization. It was found that the location of the methylene blue redox label in the DNA interface can affect the hybridization efficiency.