bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Racial Differences in First Hospitalization for Stroke and 30-Day Mortality in the US Medicare Population From 1988 to 2013
Authors: Yao Jamie , Ghosh Kaushik , Perraillon Marcelo C. , Cutler David M. , Fang Margaret C. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there were temporal differences in the rates of first stroke hospitalizations and 30-day mortality after stroke between black and white Medicare enrollees.

Methods:
We used a 20% sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older and described the annual rate of first hospitalization for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes from years 1988 to 2013, as well as 30-day mortality after stroke hospitalization. We used linear tests of trend to determine whether stroke rates changed over time, and tested the interaction term between race and year to determine whether trends differed by race.

Results:
We identified 1,009,057 incident hospitalizations for ischemic strokes and 147,817 for hemorrhagic strokes. Annual stroke hospitalizations decreased significantly over time for both blacks and whites, and in both stroke subtypes (P-values for all trend <0.001). Reductions in stroke rates were comparable between blacks and whites: among men, the odds ratio for the interaction term for race by year was 1.008 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.004–1.012] for ischemic and 1.002 (95% CI, 0.999–1.004) for hemorrhagic; for women, it was 1.000 (95% CI, 0.997–1.004) for ischemic and 1.003 (95% CI, 1.001–1.006) for hemorrhagic. Both black men and women experienced greater improvements over time in terms of 30-day mortality after strokes.

Conclusions:
Rates of incident hospitalizations for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes fell significantly over a 25-year period for both black and white Medicare enrollees. Black men and women experienced greater improvements in 30-day mortality after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Computed Tomography Findings of Acute and Chronic Aortic Dissections and Intramural Hematomas
Authors: Mendoza Dexter , Terpenning Silanath , Verma Sejal , Stillman Arthur E. , Leshnower Bradley G. , Little Brent P. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of ancillary imaging findings in distinguishing acute from chronic aortic dissection (AD) and intramural hematoma (IMH) using computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Materials and Methods:
Two radiologists specializing in cardiothoracic and vascular imaging reviewed paired CTAs of patients with AD or IMH who underwent CTA in the acute (within 24 h of presentation) and chronic settings. The radiologists were blinded to the temporal order of the CTAs. Minimum and maximum flap thicknesses and presence or absence of pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, mediastinal hematoma or fat standing, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were recorded.

Results:
Patients included 25 male individuals and 13 female individuals with a mean age of 59 years (range: 34 to 87 y). The group included 29 AD and 9 IMH cases. The median interval between the paired CTs was 542 days (range: 100 to 2533 d). Respectively, the mean minimum flap thicknesses in the acute and chronic AD were 1.3 and 1.4 mm (P=0.3), and the mean maximum flap thicknesses were 2.7 and 2.9 mm (P=0.29). The incidences of ancillary findings in acute and chronic AD and IMH were as follows: pleural effusion (55% vs. 37%, P=0.143), pericardial effusion (8% vs. 11%, P=1.0), lymphadenopathy (47% vs. 47%, P=1.0), and periaortic fat stranding (87% vs. 76%, P=0.344).

Conclusions:
Ancillary CT imaging findings traditionally ascribed to acute AD and IMH are also often found in the chronic setting and are not reliable indicators of acuity. Flap thickness in AD may not be a reliable imaging indicator of acuity of AD.
Structural basis of internal peptide recognition by PDZ domains using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Sain Neetu , Mohanty Debasisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPDZ domains are important peptide recognition modules which usually recognize short C-terminal stretches of their interaction partners, but certain PDZ domains can also recognize internal peptides in the interacting proteins. Due to the scarcity of data on internal peptide recognition and lack of understanding of the mechanistic details of internal peptide recognition, identification of PDZ domains capable of recognizing internal peptides has been a difficult task. Since Par-6 PDZ domain can recognize both C-terminal and internal peptides, we have carried out multiple explicit solvent MD simulations of 1 μs duration on free and peptide bound Par-6 PDZ to decipher mechanistic details of internal peptide recognition. These simulations have been analyzed to identify residues which play a crucial role in internal peptide recognition by PDZ domains. Based on the conservation profile of the identified residues, we have predicted 47 human PDZ domains to be capable of recognizing internal peptides in human. We have also investigated how binding of CDC42 to the CRIB domain adjacent to the Par6 PDZ allosterically modulate the peptide recognition by Par6 PDZ. Our MD simulations on CRIB-Par6_PDZ di-domain in isolation as well as in complex with CDC42, indicate that in absence of CDC42 the adjacent CRIB domain induces open loop conformation of PDZ facilitating internal peptide recognition. On the other hand, upon binding of CDC42 to the CRIB domain, Par6 PDZ adopts closed loop conformation required for recognition of C-terminus peptides. These results provide atomistic details of how binding of interaction partners onto adjacent domains can allosterically regulate substrate binding to PDZ domains. In summary, MD simulations provide novel insights into the modulation of substrate recognition preference of PDZ by specific peptides, adjacent domains and binding of interaction partners at allosteric sites.
Fatigue stress analysis of the DV-2 engine turbine disk
Authors: Čerňan Jozef , Semrád Karol , Draganová Katarína , Cúttová Miroslava 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to improve life prediction of certain components. Fatigue of the high-stressed structural elements is an essential parameter that affects the lifetime of such components. In particular, aviation engines are devices whose failure due to fatigue failure of one of the important components can lead to fatal consequences.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, two analyses in the turbine disk of the jet engine during the simulated operating load were performed: The first one was the analysis of the heat-induced stresses using the finite element method. The goal of the second analysis was to determine the residual fatigue strength of a loaded disk by the software tool using the Palmgren - Miner Linear Damage Theory.

Findings
The results showed a high degree of similarity with the real tests performed on the aircraft engine and revealed the weak points in the design of the jet engine.

Research limitations/implications
It should be mentioned that without appropriate experiments, results of this analysis could not be verified.

Practical implications
These results are helpful in the re-designing of the jet engines to increase their technical feasibility.

Originality/value
Such analysis has been realized in the DV-2 jet engine research and development program for the first time in the history of jet engine manufacturing process in Slovakia and countries of Eastern Europe region.
Earnings management and equity incentives: evidence from the European banking industry
Authors: Alhadab Mohammad , Al-Own Bassam 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of equity incentives on earnings management that occurs via the use of loan loss provisions by using a sample of 204 bank-year observations over the period 2006-2011.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the data of 39 European banks to test the main hypothesis. Several valuation models and regressions are used to measure the main proxies for executives’ compensation and the determinant factors of loan loss provisions.

Findings
The empirical results reveal that earnings management that occurs via discretionary loan loss provisions is associated with equity incentives in the banking industry. In particular, European banks’ executives with high equity incentives are found to manage reported earnings upwards by reducing loan loss provisions. The results therefore show that income-increasing earnings management via discretionary loan loss provisions is widely practised by the executives of European banks and that this is partly motivated by executives’ compensation.

Practical implications
The findings of this paper present important implications for regulators in the European Union, who should take further steps to reform the regulatory environment to monitor and mitigate the earnings management practices that occur via the manipulation of loan loss provisions. Earnings management practices do not just negatively affect subsequent performance but are also found to lead to firms’ failure. Thus, regulators should take the necessary reforms to protect the wealth of stakeholders (investors, creditors, etc.).

Originality/value
This study provides the first evidence on the relationship between equity incentives and earnings management in the European banking industry. The study sheds more light on an issue of great interest to a broad audience that does not receive much attention in the prior research, thus opening new avenues for future research.
‘What does an O say when there's no E at the end?’ Parents' reading‐related knowledge and feedback during child‐to‐parent reading
Authors: Segal Aviva , Martin‐Chang Sandra 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAlthough a large body of research has investigated teachers' reading‐related knowledge and associated pedagogical practices, comparatively little is known about these factors in parents. Therefore, the present study examined the association between parental reading‐related knowledge and feedback during child‐to‐parent reading.MethodsSeventy parents completed a reading‐related knowledge questionnaire (phonological segmentation, knowledge of written syllable patterns, identification of regular and irregular word spellings) while their 6 and 7‐year‐old children were administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition. Based on children's Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition reading performances, they were assigned one of five adapted passages from the Gray Oral Reading Test–Fifth Edition to read aloud to their parents; parents were asked to help as they normally would. Reading sessions were videotaped; the content was transcribed and coded for evidence of verbal and nonverbal parental feedback (evaluative feedback: praise and criticism; miscue feedback: graphophonemic, context cues, try again, terminal and ignoring miscues).ResultsConsistent with the teacher and parent literature, reading‐related knowledge was positively associated with children's reading scores. Parents' reading‐related knowledge additionally accounted for unique variance in praise and graphophonemic feedback during child‐to‐parent reading beyond the variance already explained by children's reading scores.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that even after accounting for children's reading abilities, reading‐related knowledge contributes to a positive affective atmosphere for teaching key literacy skills to young readers. Implications are discussed in terms of enhancing parents' reading‐related knowledge and associated practices in hopes of positively contributing to children's literacy outcomes.
Anthropometric measures associated with sarcopenia in outpatients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Santos Lívia A.A. , Lima Talles B. , Ietsugu Marjorie do Val , Nunes Hélio R. de Carvalho , Qi Xingshun , Romeiro Fernando G. 
Published: March 2019

AimThe present study aimed to identify variables associated with sarcopenia in cirrhotic outpatients using clinical data, anthropometric measures and lab tests. In a single centre prospective study, 261 cirrhotic outpatients were followed on average for 2 years. The diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia were applied according to the current guidelines, combining muscle strength and appendicular muscle mass index.MethodsAge, sex, liver disease aetiology and the Model of End‐Stage Liver Disease score were included as independent variables, as well as mid‐arm circumference (MAC), body mass index and triceps skinfold. Multiple logistic regression was applied including all independent variables (maximum model). Then, the analysis was performed only with the variables that were significant in the first analysis (parsimonious model). Once the variable most related to sarcopenia was determined by the two models, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was calculated. Mortality rates were described for patients with and without sarcopenia.ResultsSarcopenia was diagnosed in 14 subjects (5.36%), and the variable best associated with sarcopenia was MAC (P < 0.01). The 1‐year mortality rate of 35.71% found among subjects with sarcopenia was not significantly higher (P = 0.07) than the 15.38% observed among those without this condition.ConclusionsBefore examinations requiring ionising radiation, patients with cirrhosis can be submitted to simple screening tools to identify those who have a high risk of sarcopenia, thus promoting a cost‐effective assessment.
Evaluation of pharmacist‐led physician‐supported inpatient deprescribing model in older patients admitted to an acute general medical unit
Authors: Potter Elizabeth Louise , Lew Thomas Eliot , Sooriyakumaran Manoshayini , Edwards Alexandra Molly , Tong Erica , Aung Ar Kar 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the need for and the feasibility of a pharmacist‐led physician‐supported deprescribing model.MethodsAll patients aged ≥65 years, with polypharmacy, admitted to the acute general medical unit (GMU) of an Australian tertiary hospital over a 6‐week period were prospectively evaluated for deprescribing by team pharmacists. Clinical decision‐making was supported by physicians.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria, and 58 (45%) were identified for deprescribing. Ninety‐two (7.2%) deprescribing instances were identified of 1277 medications prescribed. Of these, 46 (50%) were successfully deprescribed during inpatient admission in 35 (60%) patients. The most prevalent rationale for deprescribing was “harm outweighing benefits.” Outpatient deprescribing was planned in 16 (17%) of instances, and 39 (42%) would require outpatient follow‐up to ensure adherence to recommendations and safety. No predictors for deprescribing were identified on univariate analyses.ConclusionsA pharmacist‐led physician‐supported deprescribing model is feasible in GMU patients who have polypharmacy.
Letter: severe vitamin D deficiency is a prognostic biomarker in autoimmune hepatitis—offender or bystander?
Authors: Chen Hung‐Da , Wang Chia‐Chi 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ebadi et al papers. To view these articles,
visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15029 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15180.
Postharvest storage and cooking techniques affect the stability of glucosinolates and myrosinase activity of Andean mashua tubers (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
Authors: Campos David , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , García‐Ríos Diego , Chirinos Rosana , Limaymanta Evelin , Pedreschi Romina 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe identification and quantification of Glucosinolates (Gls) via UPLC® MS‐MS/PDA/qToF in ten mashua cultivars was carried out. Gls total contents were within the 4.9–54.2 μmol g−1 dry matter range, of which 96–99% corresponded to glucoaubrietin. Other less abundant Gls were glucotropaeolin and tentatively two isomers of hydroxybenzyl Gls. Postharvest refrigeration and shade storage conditions increased the content of Gls up to day 6 in 39.7% and 51.5% respectively. Sun exposure increased the Gls content in 40% up to day 3 but from day 6 considerable losses were attained (92% at day 15). Low correlation levels (R2) between the Gls and myrosinase (MYR) activity of 0.57, 0.28 and 0.39 for the refrigeration, shade and sun exposure treatments were obtained. The cooking regimes tested, boiling, microwaving and baking totally inactivated MYR without affecting the Gls content.
Split‐face study comparing conventional MAL photodynamic therapy in multiple actinic keratosis with complete time vs. half‐time red light LED conventional illumination
Authors: Fernández‐Guarino M. , Fonda Pascual P. , Lizuain Gomez P. , Harto Castaño A. , Jaén Olasolo P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundConventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylaminolevulinic acid (MAL) and daylight PDT have demonstrated similar efficacy in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). The reason for the use of daylight is to reduce pain during illumination but daylight has the limitation of the weather conditions. The difference in the doses of red light applied between these two methods suggests that an intermediate dose with red light conventional illumination could be effective in PDT of AK.ObjectiveTo compare the efficiency of conventional MAL‐PDT with half‐time conventional red light illumination in patients with multiple AK.Material and methodsAdult patients with more than five symmetrically distributed AK were selected. After randomization, one area was treated with conventional PDT (Aktilite®, 630 nm, 37 J/cm2, 8 min), while the contralateral was illuminated half time (Aktilite®, 630 nm, 37 J/cm2, 4 min). Patients evaluated pain in each different side. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months after PDT treatment by a blinded dermatologist. A questionnaire to be done at home 24 h after completing treatment was deliver to the patients to evaluate any side‐effects.ResultsA total of 774 lesions were treated, 385 with conventional PDT and 389 with half‐time PDT (P > 0.05). Conventional PDT was 85% of complete response of AK (327/385) at 3 months, and half‐time PDT was 82% (319/389). At 6 months, conventional PDT was 70% (268/385) of complete response and half‐time PDT was 65% (252/389). Pain during illumination was significantly lower in the VAS with the half‐time protocol with a mean of 5.59 (SD 1.48) vs. 6.41 (SD 1.66) in conventional PDT. No difference in adverse effects was found between protocols.ConclusionConventional PDT with half‐time illumination in multiple actinic keratosis is as effective as complete time illumination and decreased pain significantly.
Tanshinone IIA protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury through targeting Sirt1
Authors: Quan Minxue , Lv Yanni , Dai Yang , Qi Biying , Fu Longsheng , Chen Xuanying , Qian Yisong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the effects and the mechanism of Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) on endotoxic shock-induced lung injury in a mouse model.

Methods
Mice were administered intraperitoneally with TIIA (10 mg/kg) 0.5 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and then received additional injections every 24 h during the 3-day experimental period. The physiological indexes, the survival rate and the parameters for lung injury were examined. The protein levels of Sirt1, and the acetylation and activation of NF-κB p65 were determined. The expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors were evaluated, respectively.

Key findings
Treatment with TIIA significantly improved physiological indexes and increased the survival rate of mice in response to LPS challenge. TIIA treatment displayed an obvious up-regulation of Sirt1 protein, in accompany with reduced acetylation and activation of NF-κB p65 following LPS stimulation. In addition, TIIA attenuated LPS-induced lung injury and prevented the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. However, the protective effects of TIIA were abolished by Sirt1 inhibitor.

Conclusions
Tanshinone IIA prevents LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines thus exerts protective effects against acute lung injury, probably via modulation of Sirt1/NF-κB signalling pathway.
Risk factors for incident central serous retinopathy: case–control analysis of a US national managed care population
Authors: Zhou Maggie , Bakri Sophie J , Pershing Suzann 
Published: March 2019

AimTo evaluate clinical comorbidities and steroid use as risk factors for central serous retinopathy (CSR).MethodsUsing national insurance databases, we conducted a case–control study of beneficiaries with an incident diagnosis of CSR between 2007 and 2015 (n=35 492) and randomly selected controls matched on age-based and sex-based propensity scores (n=1 77 460).ResultsThe mean age (SD) of cases was 49.1 (12.2) years, and the majority (69.2%) were male. Cases were more likely to have received steroids in the past year (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.19, p<0.001) and to have comorbid Cushing’s syndrome (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.59, p=0.002), age-related macular degeneration (OR 5.24, 95% CI 5.00 to 5.49, p<0.001), diabetic macular oedema (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.47, p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.56, p<0.001). Glaucoma was associated with lower odds of CSR (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.56, p<0.001). Patients with other previously hypothesised risk factors (including essential hypertension, pregnancy, other autoimmune disease, sleep disorders, Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) had lower odds of CSR.ConclusionsMale middle-aged patients with recent steroid exposure were significantly more likely to develop CSR. Other risk factors include diabetes mellitus, diabetic macular oedema and age-related macular degeneration. Other previously hypothesised risk factors did not appear to confer increased risk. More research is needed to confirm and examine underlying pathophysiology.
Enrichment of oral microbiota in early cystic precursors to invasive pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gaiser Rogier Aäron , Halimi Asif , Alkharaan Hassan , Lu Liyan , Davanian Haleh , Healy Katie , Hugerth Luisa W , Ateeb Zeeshan , Valente Roberto , Fernández Moro Carlos , Del Chiaro Marco , Sällberg Chen Margaret 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are pancreatic cysts that can progress to invasive pancreatic cancer. Associations between oncogenesis and oral microbiome alterations have been reported. This study aims to investigate a potential intracystic pancreatic microbiome in a pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) surgery patient cohort.DesignPaired cyst fluid and plasma were collected at pancreatic surgery from patients with suspected PCN (n=105). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bacterial DNA by qPCR, PacBio sequencing (n=35), and interleukin (IL)-1β quantification was performed. The data were correlated to diagnosis, lesion severity and clinical and laboratory profile, including proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) usage and history of invasive endoscopy procedures.ResultsIntracystic bacterial 16S DNA copy number and IL-1β protein quantity were significantly higher in IPMN with high-grade dysplasia and IPMN with cancer compared with non-IPMN PCNs. Despite high interpersonal variation of intracystic microbiota composition, bacterial network and linear discriminant analysis effect size analyses demonstrated co-occurrence and enrichment of oral bacterial taxa includingFusobacterium nucleatumandGranulicatella adiacensin cyst fluid from IPMN with high-grade dysplasia. The elevated intracystic bacterial DNA is associated with, but not limited to, prior exposure to invasive endoscopic procedures, and is independent from use of PPI and antibiotics.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings warrant further investigation into the role of oral bacteria in cystic precursors to pancreatic cancer and have added values on the aetiopathology as well as the management of pancreatic cysts.