bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prematuridade e assistência pré-natal em Salvador
Authors: Lopes Selma Alves , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Introdução</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">: A partir da década de 1960, com os avanços tecnológicos que ocorreram na assistência aos recém-nascidos, houve um aumento da sobrevida dos prematuros extremos, embora o Brasil ainda abrigue estatísticas preocupantes em relação à assistência pré-natal e ao nascimento desses neonatos. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: avaliar a associação entre prematuridade e o número de consultas de pré-natal em Salvador, nas regiões Nordeste e Sul e no Brasil, em 2011. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico espacial. São apresentados dados secundários, colhidos no banco de dados de estatísticas vitais do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia, no ano de 2011. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Observou-se que a maior frequência de nascimentos prematuros ocorreu entre as mães que não tiveram acesso à consulta pré-natal. Embora dados secundários sejam passíveis de questionamento, principalmente devido ao risco de subnotificação, os resultados mostram que a assistência pré-natal insuficiente pode levar ao aumento de partos prematuros na cidade de Salvador. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: Em Salvador nascem mais prematuros com um quantitativo menor de consultas pré-natal do que na maioria dos estados do Sul e Sudoeste brasileiro. </span></p>
Perfil audiológico e utilização e benefício de dispositivo de amplificação sonora na síndrome de Goldenhar: um relato de caso
Authors: Cordeiro Bianca Bastos , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Normal1" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Introdução</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">: A síndrome de Goldenhar pode ocasionar prejuízos auditivos resultantes do desenvolvimento inapropriado das orelhas externa, média e interna. As perdas auditivas podem ser do tipo condutiva, mista ou sensorioneural, dependendo da localização da malformação. Em pacientes com quadro de perda condutiva ou mista, o BAHA<sup>®</sup> (<em>Bone-anchored hearing aid</em>) mostra-se uma boa opção de prótese. Para avaliar a satisfação para o paciente trazida por essa prótese, o exame de ganho funcional não é suficiente. A medida de satisfação com o uso do dispositivo de amplificação sonora na vida diária pode ser estudada por meio do questionário <em>Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life</em> – SADL.<strong> Objetivo:</strong> Traçar o perfil audiológico, através da análise de resultados audiométricos de uma paciente com síndrome de Goldenhar, bem como avaliar o benefício da prótese utilizada por ela como tratamento, através do resultado do exame de ganho funcional, e a satisfação que a mesma proporciona, com a aplicação do questionário SADL (<em>Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life</em>) brasileiro. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Foram analisados os laudos dos exames de audiometria e ganho funcional e aplicado o questionário SADL (<em>Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life</em>) brasileiro. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Os limiares de via aérea não sofreram grandes alterações, enquanto que os de via óssea<strong> </strong>tiveram uma variação maior, com média de 30 dB bilateralmente. O ganho funcional teve média de 25 dB com o BAHA na orelha esquerda, média de 30 dB com o BAHA na orelha direita e média de 25 dB com uso do BAHA bilateralmente. Na aplicação do questionário SADL, a média do escore global foi 6,06. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> O presente estudo demonstrou que as próteses auditivas de condução óssea BAHA<sup>® </sup>foram benéficas para esta paciente, por oferecerem melhora da audibilidade e um elevado grau de satisfação pelo uso destas.</span></p>
UMA ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO E DOS EFEITOS DA CARGA TRIBUTÁRIA NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA NO PERÍODO DE 1980 A 2012
Authors: De Freitas Diniz Filho José Washington , Bender Filho Reisoli 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Padro">Desde a primeira vez que foi mensurada no Brasil, em 1947, a carga tributária vem apresentando comportamento ascendente, a exceção a 1963/64 e 1985, anos em que apresentou declínio. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetivou discutir o comportamento da carga tributária e verificar seus efeitos sobre as variáveis principais macroeconômicas, entre 1980 e 2012, período cujo crescimento foi mais expressivo. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi utilizada modelagem Vetor Autorregressivo (VAR). Os resultados indicaram que, a exceção da taxa de câmbio, que depreciou após o choque tributário, os demais agregados econômicos apresentaram retrações, as quais se estabilizaram, em geral, após quatro períodos, ratificando os efeitos de longo prazo. Logo, pode-se inferir que efeitos expansivos da carga tributária tendem a limitar o crescimento econômico pelos efeitos duradouros provocados na atividade econômica, sobremaneira no comportamento dos agregados reais; entretanto os efeitos não ocorrem de forma isolada, havendo elevado nível de dependência ou de interligação, inclusive nas variáveis nominais, as quais muitas vezes são utilizadas como instrumento para o atingimento de objetivos econômicos e políticos. </p>
Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Tryptamine Derived Enynamides: A Stereoselective Approach to Tetracyclic Spiroindolines
Authors: Lin Meijun , Zhu Lei , Xia Jiajin , Yu Yinghua , Chen Jianxin , Mao Zhifeng , Huang Xueliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work, we describe a new gold‐catalyzed oxidative cascade cyclization of conjugated enynamides. The reaction could be carried out under relatively mild condition. In presence of a cationic gold catalyst bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, enynamides derived from tryptamine react with pyridine N‐oxide, leading to the formation of a variety of tetracyclic spiroindolines in a stereoselective manner.magnified image
Triphasic Continuous‐Flow Oxidation System for Alcohols Utilizing Graft‐Polymer‐Supported TEMPO
Authors: Okuno Yoshinori , Kitagawa Yuuichi , Kamiya Syuhei , Hasegawa Arata , Kawashima Takashi , Otani Kazuki , Aoki Syoji , Kanno Junichi , Isomura Shigeki , Sato Yasuo , Takeda Kazuyoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe developed a triphasic (solid–organic–aqueous) continuous‐flow reaction system for the chemoselective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) immobilized on polyethylene‐g‐polyacrylic acid graft polymer (g‐TEMPO). g‐TEMPO exhibited higher contact efficiency than TEMPO supported on silica or cross‐linked polystyrene under immiscible‐flow conditions, and maintained excellent conversion for at least 9 days with no loss of catalytic activity.
Breslow‐Intermediate aromatischer N‐heterocyclischer Carbene (Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene, Thiazolin‐2‐ylidene)
Authors: Paul Mathias , Sudkaow Panyapon , Wessels Alina , Schlörer Nils E. , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWir berichten über die erstmalige Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Breslow‐Intermediaten aromatischer N‐heterocyclischer Carbene (NHCs), nämlich Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidenen (NMR, Röntgenkristallstruktur) und Thiazolin‐2‐ylidenen (NMR). Im erstgenannten Fall wurden die Diaminoenole durch die Reaktion der freien N,N‐Bis‐Dipp‐ und N,N‐Bis‐Mes‐Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene mit Aldehyden generiert, während im zweiten Fall das Dimer des 3,4,5‐Trimethylthiazolin‐2‐ylidenes als Ausgangspunkt diente. Zur eindeutigen NMR‐Identifizierung des Thiazolin‐2‐yliden‐basierten Breslow‐Intermediats diente eine 13C‐Doppelmarkierung der NHC‐ und der Aldehyd‐Komponente. Zudem wurde die Acylanion‐Reaktivität über die Bildung von Benzoin mit einem Überschuss an Aldehyd nachgewiesen.
Raman‐mikrospektroskopischer Nachweis für den Metabolismus eines Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitors, Neratinib, in Krebszellen
Authors: Aljakouch Karim , Lechtonen Tatjana , Yosef Hesham K. , Hammoud Mohamad K. , Alsaidi Wissam , Kötting Carsten , Mügge Carolin , Kourist Robert , El‐Mashtoly Samir F. , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTyrosinkinase‐Rezeptoren sind eines der Hauptziele in der Krebstherapie. Sie spielen eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Modulation der Wachstumsfaktor‐Signalwege und induzieren dadurch Zellproliferation und ‐wachstum. Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren wie Neratinib binden an EGFR‐ und HER2‐Rezeptoren und zeigen Antitumoraktivität. Es ist jedoch wenig über ihre genaue zelluläre Aufnahme und den Stoffwechsel bekannt. Hier berichten wir zum ersten Mal über die intrazelluläre räumliche Verteilung und den Metabolismus von Neratinib in verschiedenen Krebszellen durch markerfreies Raman‐Imaging. Zwei neue Neratinib‐Metaboliten wurden nachgewiesen, und das Fluoreszenz‐Imaging derselben Zellen zeigt, dass sich Neratinib in Lysosomen akkumuliert. Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf hin, dass sowohl EGFR als auch HER2 dem klassischen endosomalen/lysosomalen Stoffwechselweg zum Abbau folgen. Eine Kombination aus Raman‐Mikroskopie, DFT‐Rechnungen und LC‐MS wurde verwendet, um die chemische Struktur von Neratinib‐Metaboliten zu identifizieren. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Potenzial der Raman‐Mikroskopie zur Untersuchung der Arzneimittel‐Pharmakokinetik.
Reactive Chemical Probes: Beyond the Kinase Cysteinome
Authors: Jones Lyn H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe reaction of small‐molecule chemical probes with proteins has been harnessed to develop covalent inhibitor drugs and protein‐profiling technologies. This Essay discusses some of the recent enhancements to the chemical biology toolkit that are enabling the study of previously unchartered areas of chemoproteomic space. An analysis of the kinome is used to illustrate the potential for these approaches enable the pursuit of new targets using reactive chemical probes.
Heavy Carbene Analogues: Donor‐Free Bismuthenium and Stibenium Ions
Authors: Olaru Marian , Duvinage Daniel , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKinetically stabilized congeners of carbenes, R2C, possessing six valence electrons (four bonding electrons and two non‐bonding electrons) have been restricted to Group 14 elements, R2E (E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; R=alkyl or aryl) whereas isoelectronic Group 15 cations, divalent species of type [R2E]+(E=P, As, Sb, Bi; R=alkyl or aryl), were unknown. Herein, we report the first two examples, namely the bismuthenium ion [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2Bi][BArF4] (1; Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3) and the stibenium ion [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2Sb][B(C6F5)4] (2), which were obtained by using a combination of bulkymeta‐terphenyl substituents and weakly coordinating anions.
Raman Microspectroscopic Evidence for the Metabolism of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Neratinib, in Cancer Cells
Authors: Aljakouch Karim , Lechtonen Tatjana , Yosef Hesham K. , Hammoud Mohamad K. , Alsaidi Wissam , Kötting Carsten , Mügge Carolin , Kourist Robert , El‐Mashtoly Samir F. , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTyrosine kinase receptors are one of the main targets in cancer therapy. They play an essential role in the modulation of growth factor signaling and thereby inducing cell proliferation and growth. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as neratinib bind to EGFR and HER2 receptors and exhibit antitumor activity. However, little is known about their detailed cellular uptake and metabolism. Here, we report for the first time the intracellular spatial distribution and metabolism of neratinib in different cancer cells using label‐free Raman imaging. Two new neratinib metabolites were detected and fluorescence imaging of the same cells indicate that neratinib accumulates in lysosomes. The results also suggest that both EGFR and HER2 follow the classical endosome lysosomal pathway for degradation. A combination of Raman microscopy, DFT calculations, and LC‐MS was used to identify the chemical structure of neratinib metabolites. These results show the potential of Raman microscopy to study drug pharmacokinetics.
Development and Validation of a Novel Evidence‐Based Lupus Multivariable Outcome Score for Clinical Trials
Authors: Abrahamowicz Michal , Esdaile John M. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Simon Lee S. , Strand Vibeke , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTrials of new systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatments are hampered by the lack of effective outcome measures. To address this, we developed a novel Lupus Multivariable Outcome Score (LuMOS) and assessed its performance using data from 2 randomized controlled trials of belimumab in patients with SLE.MethodsThe LuMOS formula was developed by analyzing raw data from 2 pivotal trials, the Study of Belimumab in Subjects with SLE 52‐week (BLISS‐52) and 76‐week (BLISS‐76) trials, which are the basis for approval of belimumab. Using the BLISS‐76 trial data as the learning data set, we carried out multivariable logistic regression analyses to optimize discrimination of outcomes between patients treated with 10 mg/kg belimumab and patients receiving placebo over the first 52 weeks of follow‐up. In addition, the performance of LuMOS was assessed using an independent validation data set from the BLISS‐52 trial.ResultsThe LuMOS model incorporated the following response criteria: a ≥4‐point reduction on the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the SLE Disease Activity Index, an increase in C4 levels, a decrease in anti–double‐stranded DNA titers, and changes in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group scores for organ system manifestations (no worsening in renal components, and improvements in mucocutaneous components). A decrease in the prednisone dose and increase in C3 levels had very minor impacts on the total LuMOS score. In all analyses of the BLISS‐76 and BLISS‐52 trial data sets, the mean LuMOS scores were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in patients treated with 1 mg or 10 mg belimumab compared to placebo. In contrast to the performance of the SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI‐4), the LuMOS revealed significant differences between the active treatment group (1 mg belimumab in the BLISS‐76 cohort) and placebo group. The effect sizes were significantly much higher with the LuMOS than with the SRI‐4.ConclusionThe evidenced‐based LuMOS outcome scoring system, developed with data from the BLISS‐76 trial of belimumab in patients with SLE and validated with data from the BLISS‐52 trial, exhibits a superior capacity to discriminate responders from nonresponders when compared to the SRI‐4. Use of the LuMOS may improve the efficiency and power of analyses in future lupus trials.
A fully validated method for the simultaneous determination of 11 antihistamines in breast milk by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Katselou Maria , Athanaselis Sotiris , Nikolaou Panagiota , Qammaz Samir , Dona Artemisia , Spiliopoulou Chara , Papoutsis Ioannis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntihistamines are excreted into breast milk in small amounts; however, there are no adequate published studies or data concerning their effects on newborns and safety during breastfeeding. Thus, the development of sensitive and specific methodologies for the determination of antihistamines in breast milk is critical. A simple and sensitive GC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of 11 antihistamines (diphenhydramine, orphenadrine, chlorpheniramine, dimethindene, meclozine, hydroxyzine, loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, rupatadine and ebastine) in breast milk was developed and validated. The antihistamines were solid‐phase extracted and derivatized with acetic anhydride and n‐propanol. Diazepam‐d5, hydroxyzine‐d4 and cetirizine‐d8 were used as internal standards. Absolute recovery values for all analytes ranged from 70.5 to 120.0%, while the limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 1.50 and 5.00 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves were linear (R2 ≥ 0.990) within the range 5.00–1000.0 ng/mL. Accuracy (Er) ranged between −7.6 and 7.0%, while precision (RSD) was <12% for all antihistamines. The developed method is suitable for the investigation of antihistamine‐related clinical cases, as well as for pharmacokinetic and breastfeeding safety studies.
Nucleophile Promiscuity of Natural and Engineered Aldolases
Authors: Hernández Karel , Szekrenyi Anna , Clapés Pere 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe asymmetric aldol addition reaction mediated by aldolases is recognized as a green and sustainable method for carbon–carbon bond formation. Research in this area has unveiled their unprecedented synthetic potential toward diverse, new chemical structures; novel product families; and even as a technology for industrial manufacturing processes. Despite these advances, aldolases have long been regarded as strictly selective catalysts, particularly for nucleophilic substrates, which limits their broad applicability. In recent years, advances in screening technologies and metagenomics have uncovered novel C−C biocatalysts from superfamilies of widely known lyases. Moreover, protein engineering has revealed the extraordinary malleability of different carboligases to offer a toolbox of biocatalysts active towards a large structural diversity of nucleophile substrates. Herein, the nucleophile ambiguity of native and engineered aldolases is discussed with recent examples to prove this novel concept.
Oxidation of Monoterpenes Catalysed by a Water‐Soluble MnIII PEG‐Porphyrin in a Biphasic Medium
Authors: Neves Cláudia M. B. , Tomé João P. C. , Hou Zhanyao , Dehaen Wim , Hoogenboom Richard , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Simões Mário M. Q. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is well established that the transformation of abundant and cheap natural products, such as terpenoids, can produce other more valuable compounds. Thymoquinone, which has a commercial value significantly higher than that of its precursors, can be obtained by oxidation of carvacrol and thymol. In this work, a new water‐soluble MnIII PEG‐porphyrin is reported as catalyst in a water/hexane (1:1) biphasic medium for the oxidation of carvacrol and thymol into thymoquinone. The reactions were performed using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant in the presence of ammonium acetate as co‐catalyst, reaching 94 and 78 % of conversion after 5 h of reaction for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. Experiments with oregano essential oil as substrate revealed selective transformation of thymol and carvacrol into thymoquinone. The main advantage of this biphasic system based on a water‐soluble catalyst and on substrates and products soluble in hexane, is the straightforward isolation, recovery and recycling of the catalyst by simple phase separation. Recycling studies of the MnIII PEG‐porphyrin using thymol as substrate showed high conversion values throughout four catalytic cycles.
NOx Storage and Reduction Coupled with Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOx Removal in Light‐Duty Vehicles
Authors: González‐Velasco Juan R. , Pereda‐Ayo Beñat , De‐La‐Torre Unai , Urrutxua Maitane , López‐Fonseca Rubén 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are two alternative, main technologies for removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from vehicle exhaust gases, namely, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and NOx storage and reduction (NSR). The SCR technology consists of using ammonia (NH3), produced by hydrolysis of urea that is stored into an on‐board tank in the vehicle, to reduce NOx selectively to nitrogen (N2). In the NSR strategy, the conversion of NOx into N2 occurs through a two‐step cyclic operation. During the fuel‐lean stage, the NOx is trapped on the catalyst; then, the engine is switched to a fuel‐rich condition, under which NOx is released and reduced preferentially to N2, although some NH3 can also be produced. The concept of coupling NSR with SCR is based on tuning the operation of the NSR catalyst to produce a controlled amount of NH3, which is stored on the SCR catalyst during the fuel‐rich stage and used to reduce the remaining NOx on the SCR catalyst, placed downstream of the NSR catalyst in a sequential NSR+SCR configuration. Alternatively, the same concept applies to the dual‐layer architecture, which comprises a SCR layer deposited on top of the NSR layer in a single monolith. The internal generation of NH3 in the NSR catalyst avoids the need of external supply from the on‐board tank, but also achieves impressive NOx‐to‐N2 efficiency, apparently allowing zero‐level pollutant emission.
Discrete Element Method Simulation and Experimental Validation of Pattern Development in a Rotating Drum Mixer
Authors: Barczi Tomas , Kohout Martin , Kozakovic Martin , Havlica Jaromir , Ratnayake Chandana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe handling and processing of powders and granular materials can be crucial for the quality of a final product. Therefore, a detailed description and analysis of granular flow phenomena from first principles is very valuable. In the present study, simulations of granular mixing and segregation of binary‐sized mixtures using a discrete element method were performed for horizontal rotating drum mixers. Numerical results were compared with experimental measurements and significant agreement between both approaches was found. The development of specific flow patterns was observed. The formation of these complex spatiotemporal patterns is influenced by the size of the mixer, the aspect ratio of length to diameter, the rotational speed of the drum, and the initial distribution of the particles.
Polypyrrole‐Derived Fe−Co−N−C Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Performance in Alkaline Hydrogen and Ethanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Osmieri Luigi , Zafferoni Claudio , Wang Lianqin , Monteverde Videla Alessandro H. A. , Lavacchi Alessandro , Specchia Stefania 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) have started to become more attractive in recent years due to the development of polymeric membranes with good anionic conductivity and durability. However, few studies investigating the performance of H2/O2 fueled AMFCs and alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) with membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with Pt‐group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts are available in the literature. In this paper, we synthesized and fully characterized a Fe−Co−N−C electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by a sacrificial method, using pyrrole as a unique and inexpensive precursor for N‐doped carbonaceous materials. Very good ORR activity and stability were obtained in alkaline conditions, most likely due to the presence of Co−Fe@C nanoparticles. We achieved a very high performance in an AMFC, 420 mW cm−2 at 60 °C, among the highest in the literature for PGM‐free catalysts, and a good performance in a passive DEFC, 28 mW cm−2 at room temperature.
Orthogonal Clickable Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Platform for Targeting, Imaging, and On‐Demand Release
Authors: Guldris Noelia , Gallo Juan , García‐Hevia Lorena , Rivas José , Bañobre‐López Manuel , Salonen Laura M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA versatile iron oxide nanoparticle platform is reported that can be orthogonally functionalized to obtain highly derivatized nanomaterials required for a wide variety of applications, such as drug delivery, targeted therapy, or imaging. Facile functionalization of the nanoparticles with two ligands containing isocyanate moieties allows for high coverage of the surface with maleimide and alkyne groups. As a proof‐of‐principle, the nanoparticles were subsequently functionalized with a fluorophore as a drug model and with biotin as a targeting ligand towards tumor cells through Diels–Alder and azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions, respectively. The thermoreversibility of the Diels–Alder product was exploited to induce the on‐demand release of the loaded molecules by magnetic hyperthermia. Additionally, the nanoparticles were shown to target cancer cells through in vitro experiments, as analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging.