bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Reinforcement of Health Misconceptions in YouTube Videos: Example of Elbow Enthesopathy (Tennis Elbow)
Authors: Zaidi Zohair , Goyal Ria , Ring David , Fatehi Amirreza 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:
We evaluated the prevalence of potential reinforcement of common unhealthy misinterpretations of bodily sensations in social media (YouTube videos) addressing elbow enthesopathy (eECRB, enthesopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis, tennis elbow).

Methods:
We recorded video metric data on 139 unique YouTube videos when searching “lateral epicondylitis” and “tennis elbow.” We designed a rubric to assess the level of potential reinforcement of unhelpful thinking in videos about eECRB. Informational quality was scored with an adapted version of the DISCERN instrument. We then assessed the factors associated with these scores.

Results:
Sixty-five percent (91 of 139) of videos contained information reinforcing at least one common misconception regarding eECRB. Potential reinforcement of misconceptions was associated with longer video duration, higher likes per day, and higher likes per view. No factors were associated with information quality scores.

Conclusions:
These findings of a high prevalence of potential reinforcement of misconceptions in YouTube videos, in combination with the known associations of misconceptions with greater discomfort and incapability, point to the potential of such videos to harm health. Producers of patient facing health material can add avoidance of reinforcement of unhelpful thinking along with readability, accuracy, and relevance as a guiding principle.
Rare Combination of Congenital Microtia and Limb Malformations: Analysis of Etiology and Treatment
Authors: Gao Dejin , Luo Pan , Guo Rui , He Bei , Liu Tun , Wang Bingqing , Zhang Qingguo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Congenital microtia is the second most common congenital craniofacial deformity, and limb malformation is the most common birth defect. The combination of the 2 deformities is rare. In this study, the authors present 3 cases with a rare combination of congenital microtia and limb malformations and analyze the etiology and treatment of the malformations. There may be genetic homology between these two malformations, and they can be associated with abnormal ectodermal migration.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case study.
More social species live longer, have longer generation times and longer reproductive windows
Authors: Salguero-Gómez Roberto 
Published: October 2024

The role of sociality in the demography of animals has become an intense focus of research in recent decades. However, efforts to understand the sociality–demography nexus have hitherto focused on single species or isolated taxonomic groups. Consequently, we lack generality regarding how sociality associates with demographic traits within the Animal Kingdom. Here, I propose a continuum of sociality, from solitary to tightly social, and test whether this continuum correlates with the key demographic properties of 152 species, from jellyfish to humans. After correction for body mass and phylogenetic relationships, I show that the sociality continuum is associated with key life history traits: more social species live longer, postpone maturity, have longer generation time and greater probability of achieving reproduction than solitary, gregarious, communal or colonial species. Contrary to the social buffering hypothesis, sociality does not result in more buffered populations. While more social species have a lower ability to benefit from disturbances, they display greater resistance than more solitary species. Finally, I also show that sociality does not shape reproductive or actuarial senescence rates. This cross-taxonomic examination of sociality across the demography of 13 taxonomic classes highlights key ways in which individual interactions shape most aspects of animal demography.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.
Social ageing and higher-order interactions: social selectiveness can enhance older individuals’ capacity to transmit knowledge
Authors: Hasenjager Matthew J. , Fefferman Nina H. 
Published: October 2024

In long-lived organisms, experience can accumulate with age, such that older individuals may act as repositories of ecological and social knowledge. Such knowledge is often beneficial and can spread via social transmission, leading to the expectation that ageing individuals will remain socially well-integrated. However, social ageing involves multiple processes that modulate the relationship between age and social connectivity in complex ways. We developed a generative model to explore how social ageing may drive changes in social network position and shape older individuals’ capacity to transmit knowledge to others. We further employ novel hypernetwork analyses that capture higher-order interactions (i.e. involving ≥ 3 participants) to reveal potential relationships between age and sociality that conventional dyadic networks may overlook. We find that older individuals in our simulations effectively facilitate transmission across a range of scenarios, especially when transmission resembles a complex contagion or when social selectivity (i.e. prioritization of key relationships) rapidly emerges with age. These patterns result from the formation of tight-knit sets of older associates that co-occur in multiple groups, thereby reinforcing one another’s capacity to transmit knowledge. Our findings suggest key avenues for future empirical work and illustrate the use of hypernetworks in advancing the study of social behaviour.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.
The ecology of ageing in wild societies: linking age structure and social behaviour
Authors: Woodman Joe P. , Gokcekus Samin , Beck Kristina B. , Green Jonathan P. , Nussey Dan H. , Firth Josh A. 
Published: October 2024

The age of individuals has consequences not only for their fitness and behaviour but also for the functioning of the groups they form. Because social behaviour often changes with age, population age structure is expected to shape the social organization, the social environments individuals experience and the operation of social processes within populations. Although research has explored changes in individual social behaviour with age, particularly in controlled settings, there is limited understanding of how age structure governs sociality in wild populations. Here, we synthesize previous research into age-related effects on social processes in natural populations, and discuss the links between age structure, sociality and ecology, specifically focusing on how population age structure might influence social structure and functioning. We highlight the potential for using empirical data from natural populations in combination with social network approaches to uncover pathways linking individual social ageing, population age structure and societal functioning. We discuss the broader implications of these insights for understanding the social impacts of anthropogenic effects on animal population demography and for building a deeper understanding of societal ageing in general.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.
Enhancing the accuracy of a multivariable prediction model to identify medical patients suitable for Same Day Emergency Care services
Authors: Atkin C. E. , Gallier S. , Hodson J. , Li L. , Evison F. , Reddy-Kolanu V. , Sapey E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo test the performance of the Glasgow Admission Prediction Score (GAPS) and Ambulatory Score (Amb score), and derive and validate a novel score for the identification of Emergency Department (ED) attendances suitable for treatment by Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) services.DesignRetrospective diagnostic study using routinely collected data from electronic healthcare records.SettingThree hospitals in the diverse urban setting of Birmingham, UK, between April 2023-March 2024.ParticipantsAdult patients with an unplanned hospital attendance requiring internal medicine assessment.Main Outcome MeasuresSuitability for treatment by SDEC services, defined as being discharged alive with a length of stay of <12 hours (“LOS<12”).ResultsData were included for 152,877 attendances, with a median age of 58 years (interquartile range: 38 to 76), and of which 54.3% were by female patients and 68.4% of White ethnicity; the outcome of LOS<12 was achieved in 45.0% (N=68,752). The GAPS and Amb score had moderate predictive accuracy, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.738 to 0.744) and 0.733 (95% CI: 0.730 to 0.736), respectively. A novel score was produced, comprising the factors from the GAPS and Amb score, as well as the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and primary presenting complaint. When applied to an internal validation set (N=27,078), the resulting SDEC Triage Tool (SDEC-T) achieved an AUROC of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.845 to 0.854), with performance being similar across the three hospitals (AUROC range: 0.845 to 0.858).ConclusionsThe novel score derived within this diverse cohort has superior accuracy to the existing Amb score and GAPS for the identification of patients suitable for treatment in SDEC.
A meta-analysis of genetic variant pathogenicity and sex differences inUBQLN2-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Thumbadoo Kyrah M. , Nementzik Laura R. , Swanson Molly E.V. , Dieriks Birger V. , Dragunow Michael , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A. , Blair Ian P. , Nicholson Garth A. , Williams Kelly L. , Scotter Emma L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUbiquilin 2, encoded by the X-linkedUBQLN2gene, is a ubiquitin-binding quality control protein. PathogenicUBQLN2genetic variants cause X-linked dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), however, clinical phenotypes from these variants show striking inter- and intra-familial heterogeneity. Further, there are manyUBQLN2variants whose significance to disease is uncertain. Here, we examine the pathogenic potential ofUBQLN2variants reported in individuals with ALS/FTD and their non-symptomatic relatives. Meta-analysis from 27 published studies identified 186 affected individuals and 51 asymptomatic carriers, each harbouring one of 43 uniqueUBQLN2coding variants. Features of identified variants, including evolutionary conservation, minor allele frequencies, localisation to protein domains, andin silicopredictions of pathogenicity were compiled. Per biological sex, clinical features were compared betweenUBQLN2variants segregated by pathogenicity. PathogenicUBQLN2variants carriers, of which most are familial ALS cases, showed a sex-specific difference in age at onset wherein males developed disease on average 18.15 years prior to females (29.54 ± 11.9 versus 47.69 ± 13.4 years; p<0.0001), with no change in disease duration (p=0.6400).UBQLN2variants of uncertain significance showed a bimodal distribution of onset age per sex suggesting a mixture of true benign and true pathogenic variants. In human brain tissue, two maleUBQLN2p.Thr487Ile (ALS-FTD and ALS) cases showed a greater burden of ubiquilin 2 aggregates than a related female case (ALS-FTD). These robust sex-specific differences in ALS/FTD presentation in carriers of pathogenicUBQLN2variants may improve predictions of ALS/FTD risk in carriers, aiding in diagnosis and disease management.
The phase separation landscape of genome-wide genetic perturbations
Authors: Heidenreich Meta , Mathur Saurabh , Shu Tong , Xie Ying , Sriker David , Dubreuil Benjamin , Holt Liam , Levy Emmanuel D. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBiomolecular organization is central to cell function. While phase separation is a key mechanism orchestrating this organization, we lack a comprehensive view of genes that can globally influence this processin vivo. To identify such genes, we combined functional genomics and synthetic biology. We developed a bioorthogonal system that can identify changes in the intracellular milieu that globally tune phase separation. We measuredin vivophase diagrams of a synthetic system across >25 million cells in 2,888 yeast knockouts, and identified 68 genes whose deletion alters the phase boundaries of the synthetic system, an unexpected result given the system’s bioorthogonal design. Genes involved in TORC1 signaling and metabolism, particularly carbohydrate-, amino acid- and nucleotide synthesis were enriched. The mutants that changed phase separation also showed high pleiotropy, suggesting that phase separation interrelates with many aspects of biology.Highlights- A synthetic protein system reveals the genetic and environmental tunability of protein phase separation- Genetic knockouts affecting phase separation are highly pleiotropic- Carbohydrate, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism contribute to modulating phase separation potential- Protein phase separation is a globally tunable property of the intracellular environment
Comprehensive Proteomic Characterization of the Intra-Golgi Trafficking Intermediates
Authors: Sumya Farhana Taher , Aragon-Ramirez Walter S. , Lupashin Vladimir V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntracellular trafficking relies on small vesicular intermediates, though their specific role in Golgi function is still debated. To clarify this, we induced acute dysfunction of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and analyzed vesicles from cis, medial, and trans-Golgi compartments. Proteomic analysis of Golgi-derived vesicles from wild-type cells revealed distinct molecular profiles, indicating a robust recycling system for Golgi proteins. Notably, these vesicles retained various vesicular coats, while COG depletion accelerated uncoating. The increased overlap in molecular profiles with COG depletion suggests that persistent defects in vesicle tethering disrupt intra-Golgi sorting.Our findings reveal that the entire Golgi glycosylation machinery recycles within vesicles in a COG-dependent manner, whereas secretory and ER-Golgi trafficking proteins were not enriched. These results support a model in which the COG complex orchestrates multi-step recycling of glycosylation machinery, coordinated by specific Golgi coats, tethers, Rabs, and SNAREs.
The Mendelian randomization analysis of trace elements Zinc, Selenium, Copper, Iron, and Phosphate with congenital foot deformities.
Authors: long ling , Gu Jiaxiang , you haifeng , xiang xiaobing , wu wenyu , Deng Gaorong 
Published: October 2024

Congenital foot deformities are complex diseases influenced by genetic, environ mental, and nutritional factors. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the effects of trace elements during pregnancy (such as zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and phosphate) on fetal development. Although observational studies sug gest that these trace elements may be associated with congenital deformities, their causal relationship remains unclear. This study employs the Mendelian Random ization method, using genetic variants as instrumental variables for analysis.The results show that although the OR for Zinc is 92.21 (95% CI: 0.0008–10098024, p = 0.445), for Selenium the OR is 6.21×10-6 (95% CI: 2.71×10-15–14233.68, p = 0.276), for Copper the OR is 0.96 (95% CI: 0.823–1.128, p = 0.646), for Iron the OR is 0.023 (95% CI: 2.10×10-8–24289.32, p = 0.593), and for Phosphate the ORis 0.96 (95% CI: 0.667–1.374, p = 0.812). These data did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that the causal relationship between the levels of these trace elements and congenital foot deformities is unclear. However, further anal ysis revealed that selenium may reduce the risk of congenital foot deformities by regulating the gut microbiota class.Bacilli, with a significant interaction observed between selenium and this microbiota. Although sensitivity analyses (IVW and MREgger methods) were unable to confirm the direct effect of selenium on con genital foot deformities, considering the role of class.Bacilli.id.1673 strengthened selenium’s indirect effect. Despite the overall results not reaching statistical sig nificance, this study provides new clues for further exploration of the complex relationships between trace elements, gut microbiota, and congenital deformities, particularly the potential role of gut microbiota in modulating the relationship between nutritional elements and developmental abnormalities.
Cortical networks with multiple interneuron types generate oscillatory patterns during predictive coding
Authors: Lee Kwangjun , Pennartz Cyriel M.A. , Mejias Jorge F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPredictive coding (PC) proposes that our brains work as an inference machine, generating an internal model of the world and minimizing predictions errors (i.e., differences between external sensory evidence and internal prediction signals). Theoretical models of PC often rely on high-level approaches, and therefore implementations detailing which neurons or pathways are used to compute prediction errors or adapt the internal representations, as well as their level of agreement with biological circuitry, are currently missing. Here we propose a computational model of PC, which integrates a neuroanatomically informed hierarchy of cortical areas with a precise laminar organization and cell-type-specific connectivity between pyramidal, PV, SST and VIP cells. Our model efficiently performs PC, even in the presence of external and internal noise, by forming latent representations of naturalistic visual input (MNIST, fashion-MNIST and grayscale CIFAR-10) via Hebbian learning and using them to predict sensory input by minimizing prediction errors. The model assumes that both positive and negative prediction errors are computed by stereotypical pyramidal-PV-SST-VIP circuits with the same structure but different incoming input. During sensory inference, neural oscillatory activity emerges in the system due to interactions between representation and prediction error microcircuits, with optogenetics-inspired inactivation protocols revealing a differentiated role of PV, SST and VIP cell types in such dynamics. Finally, our model shows anomalous responses to deviant stimuli within series of same-image presentations, in agreement with experimental results on mismatch negativity and oddball paradigms. We argue that our model constitutes an important step to better understand the circuits mediating PC in real cortical networks.Author summaryPredictive coding (PC) suggests that the brain constantly generates expectations about the world and updates these expectations based on incoming sensory input. While this theory is widely accepted, we still lack detailed models that show how specific neurons and brain circuits might carry out these processes. Here, we present a computational model which addresses this gap by including biologically plausible brain circuitry with specific types of neurons (pyramidal, PV, SST, and VIP cells) and their connections. It efficiently learns to form internal representations of visual information and uses them to predict sensory input, adjusting its predictions when errors occur. We found that particular types of neurons play different roles in these processes, and that neural oscillations emerge during the training and inference processes. Our model also replicates neural patterns observed in experiments where unexpected stimuli appear. By integrating anatomical and functional details, our work brings us closer to understanding how the brain uses predictive coding at the circuit level.
Extended scotogenic model of neutrino mass and proton decay
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Popov Oleg 
Published: October 2024

The current article presents an extension of the classical scotogenic neutrino mass paradigm, where the three issues in particle physics: dark matter, smallness of neutrino mass, and stability of the proton are interconnected. The scenario encompasses the neutrino mass as well as the proton decay as a consequence of an existence of the dark matter. The study successfully achieves the correlation between the naturally small neutrino masses and naturally long proton lifetime in the present paradigm. Furthermore, all relevant cosmological, collider, and flavor physics constraints are incorporated in the detailed analysis. The scotogenic fermionic dark matter with the mass in the range from 100 GeV to 10 TeV successfully satisfies all relevant constraints. The valid range of 2.51×10−5<λ<2×10−3 is obtained for the 2HDM λ coupling. We give a brief discussion, as well as outline some of the future prospects.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A study of structural effects on the focusing and imaging performance of hard X-rays with 20–30 nm zone plates
Authors: Tong Xujie , Dhamgaye Vishal , Chen Qiucheng , Wu Qingxin , Deng Biao , Zhang Ling , Fox Oliver , Wang Hongchang , Zhao Jun , Chen Yifang , Xu Zijian , Li Peng , Sawhney Kawal 
Published: October 2024

Hard X-ray microscopes with 20–30 nm spatial resolution ranges are an advanced tool for the inspection of materials at the nanoscale. However, the limited efficiency of the focusing optics, for example, a Fresnel zone plate (ZP) lens, can significantly reduce the power of a nanoprobe. Despite several reports on ZP lenses that focus hard X-rays with 20 nm resolution – mainly constructed by zone-doubling techniques – a systematic investigation into the limiting factors has not been reported. We report the structural effects on the focusing and imaging efficiency of 20–30 nm-resolution ZPs, employing a modified beam-propagation method. The zone width and the duty cycle (zone width/ring pitch) were optimized to achieve maximum efficiency, and a comparative analysis of the zone materials was conducted. The optimized zone structures were used in the fabrication of Pt-hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) ZPs. The highest focusing efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 30 nm was 10% at 7 keV and >5% in the range 6–10 keV, whereas the highest efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 20 nm was realized at 7 keV with an efficiency of 7.6%. Optical characterization conducted at X-ray beamlines demonstrated significant enhancement of the focusing and imaging efficiency in a broader range of hard X-rays from 5 keV to 10 keV, demonstrating the potential application in hard X-ray focusing and imaging.
Metadata harvesting for digital library integration in Ukraine: a comparative study of the OAI-PMH protocol and VuFind’s efficacy
Authors: Novytskyi Oleksandr 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to the problem of building an environment to support scientific research in connection with the development of Open Science in Ukraine.

Design/methodology/approach
An overview of modern portals for aggregating scientific data was conducted. Analysis of available tools and identifying problems that arise when collecting data from digital libraries and journals was conducted. The validity of choosing VuFind as a tool that allows building an extraction–transformation–loading (ETL) approach for data aggregation and bringing the format and values of metadata fields to one view was experimentally verified.

Findings
During the experimental verification, problems related to the fact that the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) protocol does not have strict requirements for the data structure, which lead to the complexity of integration, despite the fact that this protocol occupied a leading position, were noted. To simplify these problems, an ETL approach that allowed for the use of ontological methods (e.g. data mapping, linked data and dictionaries to improve the semantics of data for integration processes) was considered. A review of the possibilities of modern tools for OAI-PMH integration, which were actively supported and developed, was conducted.

Originality/value
This paper was an attempt to outline the problems that arose in integrating resources, with the aim of developing future integration protocols that would have simple means of semantic data validation and built-in ETL mechanism.