bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AUTOHEMAGGLUTININS AND HEMOLYSINS WITH HEMOGLOBINURIA AND ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, IN AN ILLNESS RESEMBLING INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: ELLIS LAURENCE B. , WOLLENMAN OSCAR J. , STETSON RICHARD P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case is reported of a young man with acute hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria who presented: an initial blood picture consistent with infectious mononucleosis, associated with a heterophile agglutination test positive in high dilution; auto-hemagglutinins, active in the cold, at room temperature and at 37 Centigrade; a hemolysin active at 37 C. after chilling, requiring the presence of a thermolabile component of serum for hemolysis; a positive Donath-Landsteiner test but no evidence of syphilis. In addition there was clubbing of the digits with certain other roentgenologic changes in the bones; absence of any other etiologic factors known to be concerned with such anemia; uneventful improvement under massive transfusion therapy, with apparent recovery from his hematologic disorder when studied two years later.
The Pattern of Platelet Disappearance
Authors: MURPHY E. A. , ROBINSON G. A. , ROWSELL H. C. , MUSTARD J. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In pigs and in dogs simultaneous tagging of platelets with cohort and population labels suggests that platelet destruction is largely independent of platelet age. No evidence of endogenous platelet aging has been encountered. The implications of these findings are discussed. It seems reasonable for the time being to use the "exponential half-life" as an index of platelet survival without committing oneself to the view that the exponential model adequately represents the phenomenon.
Studies on the Energy Metabolism of Human Leukocytes
Authors: FOSTER JOHN M. , TERRY MARY L. , Gunther Harriet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Oxidative phosphorylation has been studied in mitochondrial preparations from human leukocytes, using recently developed methods for homogenization, measuring respiration, and assaying for ATP.
2. Appreciable stimulation of both respiration and phosphorylation was limited to 3 substrates: succinate, malate, and α-glycerophosphate. The effects of other substrates were minimal.
3. The stimulating effects of these 3 substrates responded to inhibitors in a manner typical of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. There was also considerable endogenous activity which, however, was insensitive to inhibitors. It is concluded the endogenous respiration and phosphorylation are not associated with electron transport. Subtracting their values from the data, P/O ratios consistent with good phosphorylation with the 3 substrates are obtained.
4. Studies with oligomycin and dinitrophenol suggest the presence of respiratory control. This indicates the mitochondria are intact. It is concluded that in the intact leukocyte the mitochondria are a major source of ATP.
Hypothesis: The Leukemias—Proliferative or Accumulative?
Authors: BIERMAN HOWARD R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Contrary to the traditional concept, in many instances the leukemias are characterized by an essentially normal or slower individual leukocyte generation time, impaired maturation, altered cell release into the circulation, and prolonged survival of the "leukemic" cell, resulting in a progressive accretion of the potentially divisible cell population arrested in intermediary phases of development.
We have come to a critical reorientation in our thinking of the leukemias and neoplasia in general. Continued expansion along conventional lines might be profitably complemented by another program aimed at correction of the leukemic process by encouraging maturation without cellular destruction.
The significance of this moment is the inevitable realization that the dream of a cell specific "magic bullet" which would jam the metabolic machinery of the "leukemic cell" may instead correct that defective mechanism by aiding the leukocyte to mature properly. Efforts to accelerate or correct the altered maturation may offer additional approaches to the treatment of the leukemias with or without conventional chemotherapy. A reevaluation of the leukemias and possibly other neoplasms as disorders primarily of accumulation rather than proliferation may be a useful working hypothesis to encourage newer therapeutic approaches.
A Comparison of Normal Red Cell ATP Levels as Measured by the Firefly System and the Hexokinase System
Authors: BEUTLER ERNEST , MATHAI CLARAMMA K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Widely divergent normal red cell ATP levels have been reported by investigators using different methods. In order to clarify the cause of these discrepancies and to establish correct normal values for red cell ATP, the firefly technic for measuring ATP levels was compared with other methods. The ATP content of TCA filtrates of red cells was the same when determined by the firefly method as by the hexokinase-linked technic. Relatively low concentrations of protein were found to stimulate light output when lyophilyzed firefly extract, but not freshly prepared firefly extract, was used. Thus, falsely, high values were obtained when red cell extracts were examined, unless protein was also added to the standard. Storage of heparinized blood for as little as 1 hour resulted in a substantial decrease in red cell ATP levels. The loss with ACD blood was less, and could be obviated entirely by using an ACD solution with a pH adjusted to between 3.5 and 4.0. Removing the buffy coat or washing cells in saline resulted in no further loss of red cell ATP. Extraction of washed red cells with TCA resulted in an average loss of 4.6 per cent of ATP, while extraction of whole blood with TCA resulted in a 14 per cent loss of ATP. In contrast, perchloric acid extraction resulted in no ATP loss. If ATP determinations are carried out using the firefly method, protein should be added to the standard. If red cells must be stored for any period of time prior to extraction of ATP, an ACD solution with a pH of 3.5 to 4.0 should be used. If extracts of red cells are made, perchloric acid appears significantly superior to trichloroacetic acid.
Malabsorption of Folic Acid due to Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: DAHLKE MIRIAM B. , MERTENS-ROESLER ELIZABETH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A high incidence of subnormal serum folate levels in pediatric subjects receiving diphenylhydantoin is reported. The effect is observed shortly after the onset of therapy and is not related to dosage of drug. An adult epileptic, who presented with a megaloblastic anemia secondary to a diphenylhydantoin-induced folate deficiency, demonstrated normal serum and erythrocyte folate levels only after folic acid was administered orally in amounts of 600 µg. per day. The folate deficiency was due to malabsorption of folic acid induced by diphenylhydantoin. Folic acid tolerance tests performed at 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 hours after diphenylhydantoin showed a progressive rise in serum levels as diphenylhydantoin was withheld for longer periods prior to the test dose of folic acid. Further evidence of improved absorption was an associated rise in urinary folates.
In addition, the patient demonstrated a convincing hematologic response to ingested conjugase, in the form of chick pancreas. The hematologic response was observed, despite prior demonstration of conjugase activity in the patient’s intestinal secretions. Attempts to show inhibition of chick pancreas conjugase activity by diphenylhydantoin in vitro were unsuccessful. Several explanations for these conflicting observations are offered.
Reduction of in Vitro Autohemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis by Impermeant Molecules
Authors: MOHLER DANIEL N. , Eby Norman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been shown that a variety of compounds will reduce the abnormal autohemolysis which occurs after 48 hours of incubation of HS erythrocytes. These compounds either provide energy in the form of ATP, as is the case with glucose and adenosine, or provide an external osmotic force by virtue of their inability to cross the red cell membrane, as is the case with phosphorylated compounds, glutathione and sucrose. None of these latter compounds caused a significant preservation of erythrocyte ATP content. In assessing the effect of added compounds in the autohemolysis test, their osmotic behavior should be taken into account.
Brief Report: The Exacerbation of Hemolysis in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria by Strenuous Exercise
Authors: BLUM STUART F. , SULLIVAN JAY M. , GARDNER FRANK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Muscular exercise in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria has been shown to result in systemic acidosis with lacticacidemia and exacerbation of in vivo hemolysis. It is suggested on the basis of this study that patients with PNH be advised to avoid severe muscular exercise.
The acid hemolysis test should be performed in all patients that are suspected of having March hemoglobinuria.
Case Report: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: MALDONADO NORMAN I. , HADDOCK JENARO , PÉREZ-SANTIAGO ENRIQUE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia. He was found to have a cold agglutinin and a nonspecific warm panagglutinin. Therapy with prednisone appeared to control the hemolytic crisis and did not affect the granulocytic process. The patient died of bronchopneumonia, and at autopsy no other neoplasm was found.
Leukemia in Offspring of Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: HOSHINO TAKASHI , KATO HIROO , FINCH STUART C. , HRUBEC ZDENEK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a survey having a 90 percent chance of detecting a quadrupling of risk, no significant increase in leukemia has been observed in the offspring of persons exposed to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
In the children with leukemia who were born to previously irradiated parents, there was no unusual finding in regard to the interval from parental exposure to onset, age at onset, or type of leukemia.
Failure to demonstrate a radiation effect does not mean that there is no such effect. It merely means that within the experience thus far open to observation, no effect is to be seen. There now is sufficient experience to justify a long period of observation of the F1 and subsequent generations for a possible increase of leukemia.
Transplacentally Acquired Antibody to Intrinsic Factor with Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: BAR-SHANY SHULAMITH , HERBERT VICTOR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A newborn infant was found to have circulating maternal intrinsic factor antibody in the same titer as his 41 year old mother, who had had known pernicious anemia since age 33. At 11 days of age, no intrinsic factor was demonstrable in the infant’s gastric juice; whether this was related to the presence of serum IF antibody or was a variant of normal is not certain. At three months of age, the infant had B12 deficiency, manifested by a low serum B12 level and hypersegmentation of the nuclei of the neutrophilic leukocytes, but the gastric biopsy was normal, as was the intrinsic factor secretion. Maternal antibody to intrinsic factor was no longer present.
These findings support the concepts that:
(1) Intrinsic factor antibody may accelerate the development of B12 deficiency;
(2) The antibody may not, of itself, produce any permanent gastric damage.
Brief Report: Infusion of Isologous Immune Plasma in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: LASZLO JOHN , BUCKLEY C. E. , AMOS D. BERNARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report describes the results obtained by the infusion of cytotoxic isoantibodies into patients having chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Each study was followed by transient lymphopenia and decrease in lymph node size. The fractional catabolic rate of large amounts of labeled isoantibody (IgG) was more rapid than of normal IgG.
Prolonged and Massive Administration of Iron-Dextran Complex Resulting in Selective Glomerular Iron Deposition in the Kidneys
Authors: ROSS LIVIA , FREMLAND HARRIET 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case with massive long-standing iron-dextran administration is reported. Selective glomerular iron deposition is the outstanding feature of the generalized hemosiderosis. Similar glomerular iron deposits have been described in experimental animals.
The Maturation and Fate of Reticulocytes after In Vitro Labeling with Tritiated Amino Acids
Authors: STRYCKMANS P. A. , CRONKITE E. P. , GIACOMELLI G. , SCHIFFER L. M. , SCHNAPPAUF HP. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Tritiated histidine and leucine are incorporated into hemoglobin by rat and dog reticulocytes and fulfill the conditions of a good red cell label for autoradiographic studies.
2. After mild erythropoietic stimulation, all reticulocytes appear to mature into normal red cells with expected lifespans.
3. After marked erythropoietic stimulation, the reticulocytes mature into red cells with normal potential lifespans but decreased mean lifespans.
4. In one animal studied, macrocytes produced by increased erythropoietic stimulation were found to have the same magnitude of shrinkage as do normal red cells.
5. The normal maturation time of the rat reticulocyte in the blood is about 33 hours in vivo and is increased following erythropoietic stimulation.
A Radioassay for Serum B12 Using Unsaturated Transcobalamin I as the B12 Binding Protein
Authors: ROTHENBERG SHELDON P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A radioisotopic assay for serum vitamin B12 is described based on the fact the unlabeled B12 will competitively inhibit the binding of Co57B12 to a specific B12 binding protein, transcobalamin I. This protein is stable in dilute solution and at the concentration of Co57B12 used for the assay, its binding capacity increases much less than IF or normal serum as the concentration of B12 increases in the reaction mixture. Because of the stability of the binding capacity of stored frozen TC-I containing serum, only a single standard curve need be established with each lot of binding protein. When a limited quantity of TC-I is incubated with 60 pg of CO57B12 and crystalline B12 concentrations ranging from 10 to 160 pg/ml, a linear standard curve is obtained when the reciprocal of the fraction of Co57B12 bound to TC-I is plotted as a function of unlabeled B12 concentration. This permits use of a simple arithmetic expression to determine the B12 concentration of unknown extracts after experimentally determining the fraction of Co57B12 bound to TC-I. The serum B12 concentration of 25 normal subjects ranged from 154 to 674 pg/ml while the range in 15 B12 deficient patients was 0-126 pg/ml. The B12 concentration in 4 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia was greater than 1000 pg/ml. The mean variance of 15 serum extracts frozen and reassayed several weeks later was 7.4 per cent. The range of recovery of B12 added to serum extracts was 84-118 per cent.
Sternberg-Reed Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease
Authors: ENGESET A. , BRENNHOVD I. O. , CHRISTENSEN I. , HAGEN S. , HØEG K. , HØST H. , LIVERUD K. , NESHEIM A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Typical Sternberg-Reed cells were found in the thoracic duct lymph in three of four patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease, but in none of the patients were these cells demonstrated in the peripheral blood. The findings are discussed.
Relationships between Spleen, Platelets and Factor VIII Levels
Authors: LIBRE EUGENE P. , COWAN DALE H. , WATKINS STANLEY P. , SHULMAN N. RAPHAEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) The spleen is essential for the Factor VIII elevations observed after adrenalin infusion and other acutely stressful stimuli. The spleen appears to be capable of either storing and releasing Factor VIII, or of effecting release of Factor VIII from some other site.
(2) The Factor VIII elevations do not appear to be dependent on the concomitant platelet rises that occur after adrenalin.
(3) An inverse relationship between platelet and Factor VIII levels is frequently found in pathological states associated with chronic thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis.
(4) Platelet transfusions do not appear to influence Factor VIII levels.
(5) In vitro attempts to demontrate adsorption of Factor VIII by platelets or elution of Factor VIII from platelets in the presence and absence of adrenalin were not successful.
Characteristics of Vitamin B12 Correction of The Abnormal Erythropoiesis of Pernicious Anemia
Authors: HILLMAN ROBERT S. , ADAMSON JOHN , BURKA EDWARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nine comparable patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were studied during therapy by iron kinetic technic with special attention to the earliest phase of reticulocyte response, in order to define the fate of a megaloblast population and to explain the very high reticulocytosis typical of the pernicious anemia response.
After B12 therapy, there is a 2-2.5 day lag before reticulocytosis, during which ineffective erythropoiesis of the megaloblasts continues and repopulation by an entirely new normoblast series from the stem cell level occurs. Once reticulocytosis begins, it is characterized by delivery of very young reticulocytes from the bone marrow. These cells demonstrate a prolonged maturation phase, resulting in cumulative counting over several days and an apparent greater than expected reticulocyte level. If the reticulocyte peak is corrected for this maturation delay, a reticulocyte production index is obtained which correlates well with the measured plasma iron turnover production indices.
The Effect of Testosterone on Erythropoietin Levels in Anemic Patients
Authors: RISHPON-MEYERSTEIN N. , KILBRIDGE T. , SIMONE J. , FRIED W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies in five patients with various types of anemias have shown that testosterone can increase plasma erythropoietin levels in humans. We suggest that testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis in some anemic patients by this mechanism.
The Fine Structure of Sickled Hemoglobin in Situ
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sickling of susceptible erythrocytes from patients with sickle cell anemia has been related in previous studies to the intracellular precipitation of reduced sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). Though this knowledge has been available for many years, the form assumed by insoluble reduced Hb S in intact sickled cells has not been previously demonstrated. In the present study, glutaraldehyde incubated with susceptible cells at 37 C. was found to promote the sickling phenomenon as well as preserve the structural form assumed by Hb S after polymerization. Sickled erythrocytes were filled with filaments and rods. The severity of erythrocyte distortion was closely related to the amount of Hb S converted to the rod form and the extent of parallel association of the rods. Cytoplasmic organization in cells sickled by reduced oxygen tension or sodium bisulfite prior to aldehyde fixation was identical to that observed in cells exposed to glutaraldehyde alone. The rods formed by polymerization of Hb S in situ are not morphologically identical to microtubules, but their response to physical and chemical agents suggests that the two types of protein polymers are markedly similar.
A Tetrazolium-Linked Cytochemical Method for Estimation of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Individual Erythrocytes: Applications in the Study of Heterozygotes for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: FAIRBANKS VIRGIL F. , LAMPE LINDA T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new method is described for the graded estimation of G6PD activity in individual erythrocytes. The method appears to offer some technical advantages over other methods. It requires reagents that are neither hazardous nor unstable and such equipment as might be found in the usual hematology laboratory. It appears to be more sensitive than conventional methods for identification of women heterozygous for G6PD deficiency and further substantiates the existence of erythrocyte mosaicism in such individuals.
Peripheral Leukocyte Kinetic Studies of Acute Leukemia in Relapse and Remission and Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia in Blastic Crisis
Authors: GODWIN HERMAN A. , ZIMMERMAN THEODORE S. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood leukocyte dynamics were investigated in a group of patients with acute leukemia both in relapse and remission and in chronic granulocytic leukemia in blastic crisis. In acute leukemia in relapse and in chronic granulocytic leukemia in blastic crisis, labeled blast cells appeared promptly with a peak at one to two days. Secondary peaks occurred 40-70 hours following the first peaks with labeled blasts usually the predominant labeled cell in both peaks. The time interval between these successive waves of labeled blasts could represent a generation time. The leukocyte specific activity patterns obtained in patients in blastic crisis resembled some of the patterns of patients with acute leukemia.
The leukocyte kinetic patterns in patients with acute leukemia considered to be in complete remission were usually normal. However, in some patients in bone marrow remission only, an abnormal early peak was present usually composed of labeled abnormal cells released early into the peripheral circulation. In the presence of a known leukemic infiltrate, alteration of the normal leukocyte kinetic curve apparently depended upon release of these leukemic cells into the circulating blood.
Mitochondrial Electron Transport Enzymes in Normal and Leukemic Human Leukocytes
Authors: EVANS AUDREY E. , GETZ GODFREY S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Assays of TD transhydrogenase and succinate cytochrome C reductase carried out on the homogenate of normal and leukemic human leukocytes and on the 1.5 M. fraction (fraction 3) of a continuous sucrose density gradient analysis of a crude mitochondrial fraction, provided strong evidence for the mitochondrial location of TD transhydrogenase. A slightly higher activity of these enzymes was found in the homogenate of cells from chronic lymphocytic and acute leukemia compared to those of normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, normal lymphocytes, and cells from chronic myeloid leukemia. These differences were very much more marked when purified mitochondrial fractions from these cells were examined. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The Effect of N Acetyl D-Galactosamine and Other Sugars on the Mitogenic Activity and Attachment of PHA to Tonsil Cells
Authors: BORBERG H. , YESNER I. , GESNER B. , SILBER R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of several simple sugars on the mitogenic and binding properties of PHA has been investigated. N acetyl D-galactosamine in concentration of 3-10 mg./ml. inhibited the incorporation of uridine-2-C14 and thymidine-2-C14 into the acid precipitable fraction of human tonsil cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. No inhibition, or a significantly lesser degree of inhibition was observed with N acetyl D-glucosamine or glucose. The binding of I131 labeled PHA to cells was decreased by NAGAL or EDTA. The EDTA inhibition, unlike the NAGAL inhibition was overcome by magnesium.