bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« l'âme de ce temps, le centre de ce monde » : la femme au xviiie siècle ou la mode contre l’histoire
Authors: Reverzy Eléonore 
Published: November 2024

Dans La Femme au xviiie siècle, la femme incarne l’époque. Elle inspire et régit la société et paraît à ces titres « le centre de ce monde » qu’est la société du xviiie siècle. À ce titre, cette incarnation du siècle est bien une arme de guerre contre le siècle suivant, ce xixe siècle bourgeois dans lequel vivent et écrivent les deux frères. Elle est aussi un moyen de décrire les mœurs et de raconter l’histoire, notamment à travers les modes. Elle trouve enfin ses traits dans le visage de Marie-Antoinette. Le xviiie siècle est à l’évidence du côté du féminin pour les Goncourt, ce qui se lit aussi dans leurs travaux sur l’art.
A report on preparation, expansion and future outlook of COVID-19 testing
in Gambia
Authors: Secka Ousman , Oriero Eniyou C. , Jarju Sheikh , Vilane Aminata , Hofmann Natalie , Ndiath Mamadou Ousmane , Nwakanma Davis 
Published: November 2024

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 disease and rapid spread of the
virus outside China led to its declaration as a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern (PHEIC) in January 2020. Key elements of the early
intervention strategy focused on laboratory diagnosis and screening at
points of entry and imposition of restrictions in crossborder
activities.Objective: We report the role the Medical Research Council Unit,
The Gambia (MRCG) played in the early implementation of molecular testing
for COVID-19 in The Gambia as part of the national outbreak
response.Methods: Laboratory staff members, with experience in molecular
biology assays, were identified and trained on COVID-19 testing at the
Africa CDC training workshop in Dakar, Senegal. Thereafter risks
assessments, drafting of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and inhouse
training enabled commencement of testing using commercial RTPCR kits.
Subsequently, testing was expanded to the National Public Health Laboratroy
and also implemented across field sites for rapid response across the
country.Results: Capacity for COVID-19 testing at MRCG was developed and can
process approximately 350 tests per day, which can be further scaled up as
the demand for testing increases.Conclusion: The long presence of the Unit
in The Gambia and strong collaborative relationship with the National Health
Ministry, allowed for a synergistc approach in mounting an effective
response that contributed in delaying the establishment of community
transmission in the country.
Caregiver burden among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kaseke Farayi , Gwanzura Lovemore , Kaseke Timothy , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Gori Elizabeth , Nyengerai Tawanda , Stewart Aimee 
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke presents significant challenges for both survivors and caregivers, particularly in resource-limited settings like Zimbabwe. Identifying factors contributing to caregiver burden strain (CBS) is crucial to enhance support strategies.Objectives: This longitudinal study identified caregiver and stroke survivor characteristics associated with CBS among caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe.Method: Altogether 188 stroke survivors and their caregivers participated with CBS assessed at 3 months and 12 months using the Caregivers Strain Index. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the association of explanatory variables with CBS. Model fit was evaluated using the Akaike’s Information Criterion and R2.Results: Caregivers experiencing anxiety or depression showed increased CBS at 3 months (β = 2.46, p 0.001) and 12 months (β = 2.73, p = 0.016). Work adjustments were associated with higher CBS at 3 months (β = 3.84, p 0.001). Caregivers feeling overwhelmed had significantly higher CBS at 3 months (β = 3.36, p 0.001). Stroke survivors’ poor physical outcomes and reliance on health insurance were associated with CBS at 12 months (β = 4.34, p = 0.006). Caring for married stroke survivors was associated with reduced CBS (β = –2.83, p 0.001).Conclusion: Caregiver anxiety, depression, work adjustments and poor physical and social outcomes in stroke survivors contributed to increased CBS. Targeted interventions addressing mental health and social support are essential to reduce CBS.Clinical implications: Multifaceted interventions that address caregiver mental health and social support are vital to reduce CBS and improve outcomes in resource-constrained settings like Zimbabwe.
Correlation between subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography in cases of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed M.S. , Kamal Mahmoud A. , Hassan Mahmoud A.E. , Shaheen Mahrous H.A.E. 
Published: November 2024

Background
There has been increasing interest in investigating the role of the choroid in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. While measurement of the choroidal thickness (CT) by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) would be an attractive add in the diagnosis and monitoring tools in glaucoma, the potential role of CT as a risk factor requires further investigation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to correlate between the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and optic nerve head changes using SD-OCT in cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients and methods
This is a cross-sectional observational case–control study. It included 82 eyes: 42 eyes of 23 POAG patients and 40 eyes of 20 normal controls. Measurement of the SFCT, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was done using SD-OCT at the Investigative and Laser Unit of the Ophthalmology Department of Fayoum University Hospital and Giza Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Research from September 2019 to February 2022.

Results
The SFCT was statistically significantly less the POAG patients than in normal eyes (P<0.0001), with a cut-off value of SFCT less than or equal to 316 μm (sensitivity=95% and specificity=83%). There was a statistically insignificant difference between CT and average RNFL thickness (r=0.040, P=0.802) and insignificant weak negative correlation between the SFCT and average GCC thickness (r=−0.027, P=0.863).

Conclusion
The SFCT was significantly less in the POAG eyes than in normal eyes, with a cut-off value of SFCT less than or equal to 316 μm, with an insignificant difference between CT and average RNFL thickness and average GCC thickness in the glaucoma group indicating a negative correlation between CT and glaucoma severity.
Comparison between surgical outcome of bilateral recession and unilateral recession-resection in intermittent exotropia
Authors: Aboshanab Sheren M. , Saif Mohamed Y. , El Toukhi Elsayed M. , Gouda Ahmed T. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative drift after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) compared to unilateral lateral rectus recession combined with medial rectus resection (R&R) in children with intermittent exotropia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective comparative study that included 52 patients with intermittent exotropia [range=20–50 prism diopters (PD)] who were recruited from the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, and Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt between February and September 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: BLR group and R&R group, each of 26 patients. The patients were subjected to complete ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity and a full cycloplegic refraction. An alternate prism cover test with accommodative target was used to measure the deviations in the nine positions of gaze, both for distance and near. The cover test was used to examine the control of exodeviation. The ocular dominance was measured by hole in card test. Accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio was measured using the gradient method. The amblyopia cases were not included in this study. According to the postoperative results after 1 year, the patients were assigned to one of the following groups: success [esophoria or esotropia≤5 PD or exophoria or exotropia≤10 PD], overcorrection (esophoria or esotropia >5 PD), and undercorrection or recurrence (exophoria or exotropia >10 PD).

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in the angle of deviation after surgery in both groups. In the BLR group, the mean angle of deviation significantly improved from 37.5±5.34 PD preoperatively to 0.58±1.39 PD at 6 months (P<0.00001) and to −2.73±5.95 PD at 12 months (P<0.00001), while in the R&R group, it significantly improved from 39.62±6.15 PD preoperatively to −1.38±2.06 PD at 6 months (P<0.00001) and to −4.42±7.5 PD at 12 months (P<0.00001). At 12 months, the surgical success rate was 92.3% in the BLR group and 84.62% in the R&R group, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There were no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications in either group.

Conclusion
With long-term follow up, the BLR group appeared to have more stable results on ocular alignment compared to the R&R group.
Effect of three different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gels on surface deterioration of rotary files: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Lokhande Vishwajit , Keswani Kiran , Shetty Pradeep , Gadge Radhika , Raje Manjiri , Padwal Shraddha , Gupta Divya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of three commercially available ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gels on the surface deterioration of rotary files.

Methods:
A total of 27 single-rooted mandibular premolars were coronally sectioned, and biomechanical preparation was done following proper irrigation protocol. Endodontic files from Hero-Shaper Gold were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Scanning electron microscopy was done to analyze the surface deformation first, second, and third use of the file. A statistical analysis was done to formulate the results.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference for the spiral distortion, surface wear, and fractures after all three uses with all the groups. Group III showed the maximum unwinding of flutes, surface wear as well as microfractures whereas Group II showed the least.

Conclusion:
The presence of any unknown abrasive components in the EDTA gels has an influence on the surface deterioration of the rotary files.
Pseudotumour in a Haemophiliac with Inhibitor
Authors: Sreekala Vasanthiamma Krishnannair , Greeshma Anila Das 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 41-year-old male haemophilic patient with inhibitor developed recurrent bleeding in the right thigh and eventually developed pseudotumour. Pseudotumour gradually progressed and ruptured on the evening of elective surgery. He had undergone excision of pseudotumour at Christian Medical College, Vellore. Post-operative period was uneventful. He was managed with factor eight inhibitor bypass agents. Now, he is ambulant with an assistive device.
Comparison of Oral Diazepam and Baclofen on Hand Function in Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) demonstrate poor hand function due to spasticity in the flexors muscles of the upper limbs. Impairment of the upper limb function can impact on self-care abilities, activities of daily living, education, leisure activities and vocational outcomes. Oral baclofen and diazepam are commonly used as antispastic agents in patients where generalised reduction in tone is desired. There are no studies comparing the effect of diazepam and baclofen on hand function in spastic CP.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 61 spastic CP children were enrolled in a single-blinded randomised prospective study. Diazepam and baclofen were given in weekly incremental doses. Spasticity reduction was measured by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and hand function by prehensile activities.

Results:
In the diazepam group, the baseline MAS score was 1.95 ± 0.4 and it was 1.83 ± 0.64 in the baclofen group. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in the mean MAS score compared to baseline (MAS score: diazepam 1.62 ± 0.40 and 1.40 ± 0.36 and baclofen 1.56 ± 0.59 and 1.30 ± 0.48, respectively) was seen in both the groups at the 1st and 3rd months. Inter-group comparison showed no significant difference. Improvement in hand function was found to be significant only after 3 months.

Conclusion:
Spasticity reduction contributed to improvement in hand functions in both the groups after 3 months. Both the drugs have a similar effect in terms of spasticity reduction and hand function improvement.
Assessment of Fall Risk in the Elderly and Appropriate Preventive Rehabilitation: A Prospective Pre–Post Study
Authors: Archana N , Thirunavukkarasu P. , Rajakumar A. , Kamakshi R. M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the fall risk amongst the elderly and to assess the effect of preventive rehabilitation.

Study Design:
This was a prospective pre–post study.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients attending the outpatient department were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Timed up and go (TUG) test and functional reach test (FRT) and modified FRT were done to identify the risk groups. Appropriate preventive rehabilitation measures such as strengthening and balance exercises, footwear modifications and assistive aids along with treatment of the disease for which they approached the clinic were done. The study population was assessed after 2 weeks for fall risk using the same TUG and FRT.

Results:
A statistically significant reduction in fall risk was seen after appropriate rehabilitative strategies. Fall risk can be detected early by simple clinical tools such as TUG test and FRT.

Conclusion:
Simple clinical tools such as TUG test and FRT can be used for the early identification of fall risk amongst the elderly. This study establishes that a comprehensive preventive rehabilitation to the geriatric community with risk of fall can reduce the “fall risk” in the future and can also improve their functioning.
Dr ALM’s Medicolegal series -part 3 -Res Ipsa Loquitur - What does it mean in Medical Negligence?
Authors: Sundaram Alagappan Meenakshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Res Ipsa Loquitur literally means “Things speak for itself”. Prima facie it appears to be a simple and easy maxim to understand and apply. However it is not as simple as it appears to be. Res Ipsa Loquitur is a maxim, the application of which shifts the burden of proof on the defendant. Generally, in a case it is the plaintiff who has to provide evidence to prove the defendant’s negligence. There is however, a change when this maxim is used. The burden of proof shifts to the defendant. There is a presumption of negligence on part of the defendant and it is upto him to prove his non-liability and that it was not his act which caused the plaintiff’s injury. The defendant leads the evidence. It is said that it does not apply if the cause of harm is known. In case of an ordinary negligence the onus of proving negligence lies upon the party who alleges it (the burden of proof rests on the person who affirms, not the one who denies). And to establish a case to be left to the jury, he must prove the negligence charged affirmatively, by adducing reasonable evidence of it. In Res Ipsa Loquitur, however, the burden of proof shifts onto the defendant. The expression Res Ipsa Loquitur is not a doctrine but a mode of inferential reasoning applies only to accidents of unknown cause. The Res Ipsa Loquitur mode of inferential reasoning comes into play where an accident of unknown cause is one that would not normally happen without negligence on the part of the defendant in control of the object or activity which injured the plaintiff or damaged his property. In such a situation the court is able to infer negligence on the defendant’s part unless he offers an acceptable explanation consistent with his having taken reasonable care.
Can Pseudotumor Cerebri be an Initial Sign of Cortical Venous Thrombosis?
Authors: Ramesh V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The case report describes a very unusual case of a 30-year-old female with the clinical history of a 3 months progressively worsening headache, occasional blurred vision, diplopia, and vomiting. She had taken hormonal drugs for a few gynecology complaints. Neutral eye movements showed bilateral lateral rectus palsies, and there was bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and venogram were normal in the 1st day of disease onset. He was started on steroids but had an exacerbation of symptoms. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) was given, and he underwent a lumbar–peritoneal shunt procedure for the relief of intracranial pressure. The papilledema became almost normal. In the postoperative period, she developed hypertension, change in mental status, seizures, after which ventilation was instituted. A computed tomography scan of the brain done in emergency found a parieto-occipital hemorrhage. A repeat MRI and MR venogram done on the patient confirmed cortical venous thrombosis (CVT). The patient was given heparin and was thereafter mechanically ventilated for 3 days and taken off the tube. This case report brings out the problems of diagnosis and the possibility of PTC and CVT in this patient. Although not commonplace, other research has included and documented that PTC may be an indication of the onset of CVT. The precise relationship between cortical vein thrombosis and pseudotumor cerebri remains unclear. However, it is thought to be partially influenced by risk factors such as hormonal fluctuations, which were present in our case, as well as hypercoagulation and inflammation. Our patient first presented with symptoms that are characteristic of PTC, which gave preliminary indication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. However, the progress of seizures allowed us to consider the diagnosis of CVT. The normal initial MRI findings presented in our patient are compatible with other case reports; MRI may not be sufficiently specific to identify CVT during initial presentation.
Study on Anti-arthritic and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves of Mukia maderaspatana on Membrane Stabilization Assay and Egg Albumin Assay
Authors: Devi Chitra , Gouri Priya , Subhashini  , Bavatharani  , Bhuvaneswari  
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, and microbial infections substantially affect global health, driving the need for effective natural remedies. This study explores the anti-arthritic and antimicrobial properties of Mukia maderaspatana leaves, traditionally used in folk medicine.

Materials and Methods:
Anti-inflammatory activity: Assessed using the membrane stabilization assay to evaluate the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis in erythrocytes. Anti-arthritic activity: Measured through the egg albumin assay by observing the prevention of protein denaturation. Antimicrobial activity: Evaluated using standard microbial strains to gauge the broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects of M. maderaspatana leaves.

Results:
Membrane stabilization: Significant inhibition of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis was observed, indicating notable anti-inflammatory activity. Protein denaturation: Reduced denaturation of egg albumin proteins was noted, suggesting potent anti-arthritic properties. Antimicrobial activity: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects were demonstrated against standard microbial strains.

Conclusion:

M. maderaspatana leaves exhibit significant membrane stabilization, reduced protein denaturation, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. These properties indicate their potential as a natural source for developing treatments targeting arthritis and microbial infections.
Role of Small-Scale Industries Development and Management in India
Authors: Sharma Ravinder , Maurya Shyam 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The hierarchical review did in Kerala SIDCO was fruitful in accomplishing the particular targets. It assisted with acquainting with the association design and it's working It additionally assisted with acclimating with the various divisions in the association and their capabilities and exercises including documentation.

Methods: They have seen many all over in market still they have become effectively. The purpose for it is the administration and the specialists mutually cooperate for the kindness and for the benefit of the organization on occasion it required most. Most they has given just great quality items to the clients as indicated by the necessities of the clients.

Results: The review assisted with understanding how the key business process are completed in an association and how data is utilized in association for decision making at different levels. The review was effective in figuring out the degree of innovation in the association for different capabilities and exercises. [14]

Conclusion: This study helped in further developing information. The association study was useful as it assisted with acquiring certainty and mindfulness.
A Study of Computer-Based Budgeting and Financial Planning in Electronics Organization
Authors: Anand Utkarsh , Sandilya Ranjit 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Research study established to encourage correlation between planning management process and its benefits. Acquiring the knowledge and development of planning management repository has greater impact on the performance of the organization. But storing of knowledge and knowledge transfer have an adequate impact on the performance of the organization.

Methods: Based on the data analysis, it was found that awareness of planning management is adequate in these organizations.

Findings: The research studies the major relationship within the organizations on the understanding of planning management and embracing it. Organizations that have a greater understanding of knowledge management implements knowledge management well.

Conclusion: The research study also established the presence of positive relationship between planning management process and outcome from innovations. But it was also found that the relationship with the performance of innovation is less when compared with other benefits. It is also found that performance on innovation due to maintaining of knowledge repository and planning transfer had little impact.
Analysis for Network Security Measures for Protecting Organizational Data
Authors: Sharma Ravinder , Saini Rajvir 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The number, severity, and sophistication of cybersecurity incidents are rising, suggesting that the next generation of cybersecurity threats cannot be fully mitigated by technical security controls alone. In order to strengthen cybersecurity in this day and age, end users must practise proper cyber hygiene.

Methods: According to research, social culture affects reducing cybersecurity risk. The majority of research on the topic has been conducted in other nations, therefore it's possible that findings won't apply to India because of its distinct social and cultural norms. There is a dearth of research on the cybersecurity behaviour of Indian smartphone users by using descriptive analysis.

Findings: In an effort to close the aforementioned research gap, our study has created a framework that enhances smartphone users' cybersecurity behaviour. This investigation was carried out in two stages by the researcher.

Conclusion: Finding out about the present cybersecurity practices of Indian smartphone users was the first phase's goal. The second phase's goal was to create a framework and evaluate how well it works to improve smartphone users' cybersecurity behaviour.