bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Dynamic Capital Requirements
Authors: MENDICINO CATERINA , NIKOLOV KALIN , SUAREZ JAVIER , SUPERA DOMINIK 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe characterize welfare maximizing capital requirement policies in a quantitative macrobanking model with household, firm, and bank defaults calibrated to Euro Area data. We optimize on the level of the capital requirements applied to each loan class and their sensitivity to changes in default risk. We find that getting the level right (so that bank failure risk remains contained) is of foremost importance, while the optimal sensitivity to default risk is positive but typically smaller than under Basel internal ratings based (IRB) formulas. Starting from low levels, savers and borrowers benefit from higher capital requirements. At higher levels, only savers prefer tighter requirements.
Use of cancellous bone grafting to promote granulation tissue in a distal limb wound in a dog
Authors: Barnes K. , Lanz O. , Barry S. , Aulakh K. 
Published: May 2018

A 5‐year‐old female spayed Shetland sheepdog presented for evaluation of bandage sores on the left pelvic limb after a splint was placed to stabilise a digit fracture incurred approximately 2 weeks previously. Multiple areas of necrosis were identified upon bandage removal. After debridement of devitalised tissue, a 4 cm wound on the plantar surface of the metatarsal bones (with exposed bone and tendons) remained. The Papineau technique (which involves removal of infected or necrotic tissue, placement of autogenous cancellous bone graft within a wound, and delayed skin closure) was used to treat this wound. Use of bone graft in this manner aims to promote early granulation tissue formation and reduce the time until wound reconstruction can be performed. Autogenous cancellous bone graft was harvested from the proximal humerus and placed within the metatarsal wound. Once a healthy granulation tissue bed was noted to cover the bone graft, a meshed full thickness skin graft was placed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the Papineau technique being used for this purpose in a dog.
Supply Chain and Marketing Integration: Tension in Frontline Social Networks
Authors: Stolze Hannah J. , Mollenkopf Diane A. , Thornton LaDonna , Brusco Michael J. , Flint Daniel J. 
Published: May 2018

Supply chain integration, social network research, and network theories have proliferated over the last 10 years in supply chain research. Network theories provide a broad base for understanding how firms, functions, and teams work together but at the foundation of all networks are individuals and their connections (ties). This research elaborates on supply chain integration through the lens of network theory, focusing on frontline individuals’ decision‐making and behaviors as the foundation for understanding cross‐functional integration and firm‐level outcomes. Two studies, utilizing social network and inductive qualitative methods drawing on grounded theory and ethnography, show that the execution of marketing and supply chain strategies is dependent on the empowerment and integration of a manufacturer's frontline employees in retail supply chains. Empowerment is found to be the result of a network of multiple relationships. Tension mounts when frontline employees are disconnected from cross‐functional management sources in their organization and instead turn to each other to solve problems that arise in their retail channels. The results highlight the importance of relational embeddedness and empowerment in affecting internal supply chain integration.
Responding to food, environment and health challenges by changing meat consumption behaviours in consumers
Authors: Stubbs R. J. , Scott S. E. , Duarte C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCurrent meat consumption levels impact environment and health, highlighting a need to reduce meat consumption and increase that of plant‐based alternative proteins. There appears to be a lack of awareness amongst consumers as to how meat consumption affects health and climate change, which is likely to undermine intention to change. Of those who intend to change, many do not translate that intention to reduce meat consumption into behaviour change. Consumers appear open to the notion of reducing meat consumption but lack the knowledge, motivation or capability to make such changes. For many, meat eating is a traditional social practice, re‐enforced by economics, ecological, technological and institutional factors, including media and marketing. Many food choices are not logical reasoned actions but subconscious, automatic, rapid decisions, relying on heuristic processing and heavily influenced by contextual cues. Promising targets for changing individual consumption patterns could focus on closing the awareness‐intention and intention‐behaviour gaps. Modifying contextual determinants of food choice, highlighting personally relevant internal motivators related to individual requirements, and aligning such messages with positive re‐enforcement about animal welfare and environment would close the awareness‐intention gap. A framework of reference for a healthy, sustainable diet, improvements in the range, sensory attributes, convenience and ease of use of meat substitutes, reduction in the meat portion components of ready meals (by substitution with other foods), reformulation of processed products to include a greater proportion of non‐meat proteins, economic incentives and emphasis on the benefits to environment and animal welfare could reduce the intention‐behaviour gap. Better alignment of environmental and health messages would concentrate public health messages and effort to create a market environment that facilitates sustainable food choices to produce moderate population level wide‐scale changes in plant protein consumption, with significant impact on health and environmental outcomes.
Are doctors nutritionists? What is the role of doctors in providing nutrition advice?
Authors: Adamski M. , Gibson S. , Leech M. , Truby H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiet and nutritional status impact on health outcomes. The global rise of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases plus the double burden of obesity and malnutrition means that it is imperative more than ever that all healthcare professionals are able to provide at least basic evidence‐based nutrition advice. Improving an individual's diet requires more than just information provision, it requires consistent and long‐term support to change and maintain new behaviours. Doctors acknowledge that nutrition plays a crucial role in health and agree that providing nutrition advice is part of their role. However, providing sufficiently detailed nutrition advice that is relevant to a patient's health goals, useful for the patient, and that results in measurable changes, is not common in practice settings. Numerous challenges and barriers have been identified for why doctors do not provide nutrition recommendations to their patients. A lack of nutrition education and training, time constraints during appointments, and patients who have access to an ever‐growing body of nutrition and health information via the Internet and social media, together may explain why doctors tend not to include nutrition advice in their care plans. This paper outlines both short‐ and long‐term strategies for improving doctors' engagement with nutrition interventions and collaborative working with dietitians in the context of collaborative care. Having doctors support and advocate for evidenced‐based nutrition practice is a crucial element of the World Health Organization's Decade of Action on Nutrition achieving measurable success.
Phytosterol‐based edible oleogels: A novel way of replacing saturated fat in food
Authors: Matheson A. , Dalkas G. , Clegg P. S. , Euston S. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents a summary of recent results relating to phytosterol oleogels. Oleogels represent a novel way of replacing saturated fat in food, whilst phytosterols have been shown to actively lower low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐ cholesterol levels. There are a number of technical challenges to exploiting phytosterol oleogels, including a high sensitivity to water. To facilitate their incorporation into food, the fundamental physiochemical processes which mediate the formation of these gels and two different approaches to produce phytosterol oleogels that are stable in the presence of water were explored as part of the recent Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)–Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC)–funded Edible Oleogels for Reduction of Saturated Fat project. This report summarises the findings, which will support the development of healthier food products that are lower in saturated fat and acceptable to consumers.
Exploitation of European Union Framework Programme results in food, health and wellbeing by small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises: The ‘Quantify Life – Feed Yourself’ (QuaLiFY) project
Authors: Astley S. ,   the QuaLiFY consortium
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany European Union Framework Programme‐funded projects and networks have developed tools, knowledge and data that are not being exploited to their full potential. Quantify Life – Feed Yourself (QuaLiFY) sought to capitalise on these resources by making them available to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises delivering personalised dietary advice services to consumers directly or via healthcare. This study describes how QuaLiFY supported the development of scientifically validated, personalised dietary advice tools and services through development of a federated information and communication technology infrastructure (Quisper), based on open source coding, and tested personalised dietary advice approaches amongst target groups, including overweight young people and dietitians supporting people with type 2 diabetes.
Genetic examination of the type specimen of Ulva australis suggests that it was introduced to Australia
Authors: Hanyuda Takeaki , Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARY‘Ana‐aosa’, one of the most common marine green algae in Japan, was described as Ulva pertusa Kjellman in 1897 from Hakodate in northern Japan. Ulva pertusa was considered to be a temperate species, with its native distributional range restricted to northeastern Asia. Although this species has been reported from various regions outside northeastern Asia, these records have been explained as non‐indigenous populations. Recently, on the basis of genetic data and nomenclatural priority, U. pertusa was synonymized with U. australis Areschoug, a species described in 1851 from specimens collected in South Australia. Based on genetic studies, Australian populations identified as U. pertusa had been considered to have originated from Japan. However, the published genetic data on U. australis in Australia have been based only on recent collections and no historical specimens have been examined. We tested the hypothesis that native (true) U. australis is an independent species of very similar morphology to U. pertusa, but that its natural domination of shoreline habitats has been suppressed by introduced populations of U. pertusa from Asia. In the present study, we extracted DNA from the type specimen of U. australis housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S) and obtained DNA sequences of the chloroplast rbcL gene and the nuclear rDNA ITS2 region. Our results show that U. australis and U. pertusa are genetically virtually identical, confirming that U. pertusa is a synonym of U. australis. This suggests that the introduction of U. australis to Australia occurred by the middle of the 19th century, when the type was collected and before there was a direct shipping route between Japan and Australia. We speculate that the introduction of U. australis to Australia occurred as a secondary introduction from non‐indigenous populations in northeastern Asia, but not directly from Japan.
Contrasting duplication patterns reflect functional diversities of ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like protein modifiers in plants
Authors: Hua Zhihua , Doroodian Paymon , Vu William 
Published: May 2018

SummaryUbiquitin (Ub) and Ub‐like proteins, collectively forming the ubiquiton family, regulate nearly all aspects of cellular processes via post‐translational modifications. Studies devoted to specific members suggested a large expansion of this family in plants; however, a lack of systematic analysis hinders the comparison of individual members at both evolutionary history and functional divergence levels, which may provide new insight into biological functions. In this work, we first retrieved a total of 5856 members of 17 known ubiquiton subfamilies in 50 plant genomes by searching both prior annotations and missing loci in each genome. We then applied this list to analyze the duplication history of major ubiquiton subfamilies in plants. We show that autophagy‐related protein 8 (ATG8), membrane‐anchored Ub‐fold (MUB), small Ub‐like modifier (SUMO) and Ub loci encode 88% of the plant ubiquiton family. Although whole genome duplications (WGDs) significantly expanded the family, we discovered contrasting duplication patterns both in species and in subfamilies. Within the family, the ATG8 and MUB members were primarily duplicated through WGDs, whereas a significant number of Ub and SUMO loci were generated through retroposition and tandem duplications, respectively. Although Ub coding regions are highly conserved in plants, promoter activity analysis demonstrated lineage‐specific expression patterns of polyUb genes in Oryza sativa (rice) and Arabidopsis, confirming their retroposition origin. Based on the theory of dosage balance constraints, our study suggests that ubiquiton members duplicated through WGDs play crucial roles in plants, and that the regulatory pathways involving ATG8 and MUB are more conserved than those controlled by Ub and SUMO.
Techniques for Simulating Creep Damage Evolution at Welds With Emphasis on Evaluating Longitudinal Seam Peaking in High-Temperature Piping Systems
Authors: Prueter Phillip E. 
Published: May 2018

Realistically simulating the creep response of welded components can help quantify the risk associated with operating inservice, high-temperature equipment and can validate new component designs in the power generation and petrochemical industries. Detailed finite element analysis (FEA) is employed in this study and is coupled with generalized, non-linear creep simulation techniques to investigate the elevated temperature response of welds. Depending on original heat treatment, creep damage progression is known to be accelerated by the mismatch in properties of the base metal, weld deposit, and heat affected zone (HAZ). This mismatch results in stress intensification that can accelerate creep damage near a weldment (typically in or adjacent to the HAZ). In this paper, the effect of implementing an elastic damage parameter that adjusts the stiffness of the material as a function of creep damage is examined. This type of damage mechanics model has a significant impact on the predicted damage evolution near weld deposits and can realistically mimic observed in-service failures. Additionally, commentary on different creep damage failure criteria is provided. The simulations presented utilize the Materials Properties Council (MPC) Omega creep methodology, with particular emphasis on the behavior of high-temperature, low chrome (1-1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo) piping with longitudinal weld seam peaking.
Application of these techniques to high-temperature, low chrome piping is relevant as there have been numerous related catastrophic failures in the power generation and petrochemical industries attributed to weld seam peaking. Commonly, weld peaking occurs during fabrication due to angular misalignment of rolled plate. Furthermore, for many fusion-welded piping fabrication standards, no tolerance for peaking is specified. Local peaking can induce significant local bending stresses, and for components that operate in the creep regime, the presence of peaking can lead to an increased risk for creep crack initiation, propagation, and eventual rupture. An overview of some well-known historical low chrome piping failures is provided in this paper, and a literature review on existing creep analysis and peaking measurement methodologies is offered. Additionally, the remaining life of low chrome piping systems is estimated and the sensitivity in results to variations in key parameters is highlighted; these parameters include operating temperature, magnitude of peaking, and the effect of heat treatment. The simulation techniques discussed in this paper are not only valuable in estimating remaining life of in-service components, but detailed analysis can help establish recommended weld seam peaking fabrication tolerances, appropriate manufacturing practices, and practical inspection intervals for high-temperature piping systems.
Preferred Hexoses Influence Long-Term Memory in and Induction of Lactose Catabolism by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zeng Lin , Chen Lulu , Burne Robert A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacteria prioritize sugar metabolism via carbohydrate catabolite repression, which regulates global gene expression to optimize the catabolism of preferred substrates. Here, we report an unusual long-term memory effect in certain
Streptococcus mutans
strains that alters adaptation to growth on lactose after prior exposure to glucose or fructose. In strain GS-5, cells that were first cultured on fructose and then transferred to lactose displayed an exceptionally long lag (>11 h) and slower growth compared to cells first cultured on glucose or cellobiose, which displayed a reduction in lag phase by as much as 10 h. When grown on lactose, mutants lacking the cellobiose-phosphotransferase (PTS) or phospho-β-glucosidase lost the accelerated growth associated with prior culturing on glucose. The memory effects of glucose or fructose on lactose catabolism were not as profound in strain UA159, but the lag phase was considerably shorter in mutants lacking the glucose-PTS EII
Man
. Interestingly, when
S. mutans
was cultivated on lactose, significant quantities of free glucose accumulated in the medium, with higher levels found in the cultures of strains lacking EII
Man
, glucokinase, or both. Free glucose was also detected in cultures that were utilizing cellobiose or trehalose, albeit at lower levels. Such release of hexoses by
S. mutans
is likely of biological significance as it was found that cells required small amounts of glucose or other preferred carbohydrates to initiate efficient growth on lactose. These findings suggest that
S. mutans
modulates the induction of lactose utilization based on its prior exposure to glucose or fructose, which can be liberated from common disaccharides.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding the molecular mechanisms employed by oral bacteria to control sugar metabolism is key to developing novel therapies for management of dental caries and other oral diseases. Lactose is a naturally occurring disaccharide that is abundant in dairy products and commonly ingested by humans. However, for the dental caries pathogen
Streptococcus mutans
, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression of genes required for lactose uptake and catabolism. Two peculiarities of lactose utilization by
S. mutans
are explored here: (i)
S. mutans
excretes glucose that it cleaves from lactose, and (ii) prior exposure to certain carbohydrates can result in a long-term inability to use lactose. The study begins to shed light on how
S. mutans
may utilize bet hedging to optimize its persistence and virulence in the human oral cavity.
Influenza A Virus Infection Triggers Pyroptosis and Apoptosis of Respiratory Epithelial Cells through the Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway in a Mutually Exclusive Manner
Authors: Lee SangJoon , Hirohama Mikako , Noguchi Masayuki , Nagata Kyosuke , Kawaguchi Atsushi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRespiratory epithelial cell death by influenza virus infection is responsible for the induction of inflammatory responses, but the exact cell death mechanism is not understood. Here we showed that influenza virus infection induces apoptosis and pyroptosis in normal or precancerous human bronchial epithelial cells. Apoptosis was induced only in malignant tumor cells infected with influenza virus. In human precancerous respiratory epithelial cells (PL16T), the number of apoptotic cells increased at early phases of infection, but pyroptotic cells were observed at late phases of infection. These findings suggest that apoptosis is induced at early phases of infection but the cell death pathway is shifted to pyroptosis at late phases of infection. We also found that the type I interferon (IFN)-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway promotes the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis by inhibiting apoptosis possibly through the induced expression of theBcl-xLanti-apoptotic gene. Further, the inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling repressed pyroptosis but enhanced apoptosis in infected PL16T cells. Collectively, we propose that type I IFN signaling pathway triggers pyroptosis but not apoptosis in the respiratory epithelial cells in a mutually exclusive manner to initiate proinflammatory responses against influenza virus infection.IMPORTANCERespiratory epithelium functions as a sensor of infectious agents to initiate inflammatory responses along with cell death. However, the exact cell death mechanism responsible for inflammatory responses by influenza virus infection is still unclear. We showed that influenza virus infection induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in normal or precancerous human bronchial epithelial cells. Apoptosis was induced at early phases of infection, but the cell death pathway was shifted to pyroptosis at late phases of infection under the regulation of type I IFN signaling to promote proinflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our results indicate that the type I IFN signaling pathway plays an important role to induce pyroptosis but represses apoptosis in the respiratory epithelial cells to initiate proinflammatory responses against influenza virus infection.