bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Forecasting Hail Encounters During Flights through Thunderstorms 1
Authors: Lehr Paul E. 
Published: August 2018

Although it is known that hail is formed in thunderstorms, relatively little is known about positive means of forecasting the probability of encountering hail during flights through thunderstorms.
To provide guidance toward a solution of this problem, characteristics of thunderstorm-hail occurrences in the Alberta Province of Canada and the continental United States, exclusive of Alaska, are discussed.
Learning Curve for Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Authors: Razavi Christopher R. , Vasiliou Elya , Tufano Ralph P. , Russell Jonathon O. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo define the learning curve for transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via the vestibular approach (TOETVA).Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsIncluded patients were those who met the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for lobectomy and our group's previously documented indications for TOETVA. Operative time (incision to closure) was used as a surrogate for procedural proficiency and plotted as a function of case number to determine a learning curve. A simple moving average of operative time was then calculated, with the proficiency case defined as the case number where the slope of this curve changed. Demographic/characteristic data, outcomes, and complications were compared between the skill acquisition period (case 1 to proficiency case) and the proficiency period (remaining cases). A linear regression model was then used to calculate and compare the slopes of the skill acquisition and proficiency periods in the “operative time versus case number” plot.ResultsThirty cases were attempted, with a procedural success rate of 29 of 30 (94%) and no incidence of permanent mental nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The proficiency case was case 11. There was a statistically significant difference between the skill acquisition and proficiency periods in slopes of the linear regressions (–16.7 vs –0.3, respectively;P<. 001) and median operative times (191 vs 119 minutes,P<. 001). There was no difference in demographics, procedural success rate, or complication rate between the periods.ConclusionsThe learning curve for TOETVA was 11 cases for the surgeon evaluated in this series.
Dynamic associations between opioid use and anhedonia: A longitudinal study in opioid dependence
Authors: Lubman Dan I , Garfield Joshua BB , Gwini Stella M , Cheetham Ali , Cotton Sue M , Yücel Murat , Allen Nicholas B 
Published: August 2018

Background: Anhedonia is a commonly reported symptom among substance-dependent populations that appears to diminish with sustained abstinence. However, previous research has not determined whether anhedonia is dynamically linked to changing patterns of drug use, nor whether it predicts subsequent drug use. Aims: We aimed to test whether changes in illicit opioid use would predict changes in anhedonia, and whether increases in anhedonia would predict further opioid use. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, observational study, with a convenience sample of 121 participants with current or past-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) opioid dependence recruited from substance use treatment and related services and from pharmacies administering opioid substitution pharmacotherapy. Anhedonia was assessed with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and frequency of illicit opioid use was assessed using timeline follow-back interviews. Results: There was a significant within-subject effect (β=−0.015; 95% CI −0.02 to −0.01; p=0.001), indicating that participants’ Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores typically declined (i.e. anhedonia increased) following a month with above-average opioid use and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores rose (i.e. anhedonia reduced) following a month with below-average opioid use. However, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores did not significantly predict opioid use in the subsequent month (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.12; p=0.651). Conclusions: Changes in illicit opioid use predict self-reported anhedonia, suggesting a possible causal relationship whereby anhedonia is likely to worsen with frequent drug use and diminish with prolonged abstinence. However, anhedonia does not appear to drive further drug use.
Scoping review of the Multiple Errands Test: Is it relevant to youths with acquired brain injury?
Authors: Hanberg Vanessa L , MacKenzie Diane E , Merritt Brenda K 
Published: August 2018

Introduction For youths who sustain acquired brain injuries, distinguishing typical development of executive function from the impairment(s) can be a challenging but critical assessment consideration. Occupational therapists working with individuals after brain injury can use the Multiple Errands Test as a performance-based assessment of the effect of executive dysfunction in the real world. Although numerous test versions exist for different settings and diagnostic populations, their relevance to youths is unclear. We surveyed the non-virtual reality literature for test versions to determine the measurement properties and clinical utility for assessing youths in a community setting. Method A scoping review was completed to summarize study purpose/design, Multiple Errands Test structure, assessment environment, sample characteristics, psychometric properties, clinical utility and main findings of the test versions. Results We included 10 quantitative studies and found the strongest reliability and validity evidence for male adults with moderate to severe acquired brain injury, in a hospital setting. Multiple Errands Test versions can distinguish people with brain injury from controls and identify challenges in the home and community. No studies examined the test performance of younger participants. Conclusion This review highlights the research of several Multiple Errands Test versions and identifies gaps in that research, including the need for development of a test version for youths in a community setting.
The budding yeast Pex5p receptor directs Fox2p and Cta1p into peroxisomes via its N-terminal region near the FxxxW domain
Authors: Rymer Łukasz , Kempiński Błażej , Chełstowska Anna , Skoneczny Marek 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The import of most of peroxisomal proteins into the lumen of their target organelle is driven by C-terminal (PTS1) or N-terminal (PTS2) signals recognized by the Pex5p or Pex7p receptors, respectively. However, some proteins in budding yeast, such as acyl-CoA oxidase (AOx) and carnitine acetyltransferase (Cat2p), are imported into peroxisomes via an alternative route that does not rely on known PTS signals and involves the Pex5p receptor N-terminal region. Here, we show that two other budding yeast peroxisomal proteins, a multifunctional enzyme from the β-oxidation pathway (Fox2p) and catalase A (Cta1p), both of which contain PTS1, can be imported independently of this signal. The I264K amino acid substitution in Pex5p adjacent to its FxxxW diaromatic motif, previously shown to abolish the import of AOx and Cat2p into peroxisomes, also affects Fox2p and Cta1p import. Moreover, we demonstrate that Pex9p, a newly discovered paralog of Pex5p that was recently implicated in the import of malate synthases in budding yeast, also exhibits weak receptor activity towards Fox2p and Cta1p. These findings indicate the need to re-evaluate the peroxisomal import paradigm.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Extreme nuclear branching in healthy epidermal cells of the Xenopus tail fin
Authors: Arbach Hannah E. , Harland-Dunaway Marcus , Chang Jessica K. , Wills Andrea E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Changes in nuclear morphology contribute to the regulation of complex cell properties, including differentiation and tissue elasticity. Perturbations of nuclear morphology are associated with pathologies that include progeria, cancer and muscular dystrophy. The mechanisms governing nuclear shape changes in healthy cells remain poorly understood, partially because there are few models of nuclear shape variation in healthy cells. Here, we introduce nuclear branching in epidermal fin cells of Xenopus tropicalis as a model for extreme variation of nuclear morphology in a diverse population of healthy cells. We found that nuclear branching arises within these cells and becomes more elaborate during embryonic development. These cells contain broadly distributed marks of transcriptionally active chromatin and heterochromatin, and have active cell cycles. We found that nuclear branches are disrupted by loss of filamentous actin and depend on epidermal expression of the nuclear lamina protein Lamin B1. Inhibition of nuclear branching disrupts fin morphology, suggesting that nuclear branching may be involved in fin development. This study introduces the nuclei of the Xenopus fin as a powerful new model for extreme nuclear morphology in healthy cells to complement studies of nuclear shape variation in pathological contexts.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells
Authors: Sannino Sara , Guerriero Christopher J. , Sabnis Amit J. , Stolz Donna Beer , Wallace Callen T. , Wipf Peter , Watkins Simon C. , Bivona Trever G. , Brodsky Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
LRRC45 contributes to early steps of axoneme extension
Authors: Kurtulmus Bahtiyar , Yuan Cheng , Schuy Jakob , Neuner Annett , Hata Shoji , Kalamakis Georgios , Martin-Villalba Ana , Pereira Gislene 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Cilia perform essential signalling functions during development and tissue homeostasis. A key event in ciliogenesis occurs when the distal appendages of the mother centriole form a platform that docks ciliary vesicles and removes CP110-Cep97 inhibitory complexes. Here, we analysed the role of LRRC45 in appendage formation and ciliogenesis. We show that the core appendage proteins Cep83 and SCLT1 recruit LRRC45 to the mother centriole. Once there, LRRC45 recruits the keratin-binding protein FBF1. The association of LRRC45 with the basal body of primary and motile cilia in both differentiated and stem cells reveals a broad function in ciliogenesis. In contrast to the appendage components Cep164 and Cep123, LRRC45 was not essential for either docking of early ciliary vesicles or for removal of CP110. Rather, LRRC45 promotes cilia biogenesis in CP110-uncapped centrioles by organising centriolar satellites, establishing the transition zone and promoting the docking of Rab8 GTPase-positive vesicles. We propose that, instead of acting solely as a platform to recruit early vesicles, centriole appendages form discrete scaffolds of cooperating proteins that execute specific functions that promote the initial steps of ciliogenesis.
A blind spot? Confronting the stigma of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection - A systematic review
Authors: Mokaya Jolynne , McNaughton Anna L , Burbridge Lela , Maponga Tongai , O'Hara Geraldine , Andersson Monique , Seeley Janet , Matthews Philippa C 
Published: August 2018

Background: Stigma, poverty, and lack of knowledge present barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection, especially in resource-limited settings. Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is frequently asymptomatic, but accounts for a substantial long-term burden of morbidity and mortality. In order to improve the success of diagnostic, treatment and preventive strategies, it is important to recognise, investigate and tackle stigma. We set out to assimilate evidence for the nature and impact of stigma associated with HBV infection, and to suggest ways to tackle this challenge. Methods: We carried out a literature search in PubMed using the search terms ‘hepatitis B’, ‘stigma’ to identify relevant papers published between 2007 and 2017 (inclusive), with a particular focus on Africa. Results: We identified a total of 32 articles, of which only two studies were conducted in Africa. Lack of knowledge of HBV was consistently identified, and in some settings there was no local word to describe HBV infection. There were misconceptions about HBV infection, transmission and treatment. Healthcare workers provided inaccurate information to individuals diagnosed with HBV, and poor understanding resulted in lack of preventive measures. Stigma negatively impacted on help-seeking, screening, disclosure, prevention of transmission, and adherence to treatment, and had potential negative impacts on mental health, wellbeing, employment and relationships. Conclusion: Stigma is a potentially major barrier to the successful implementation of preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for HBV infection, and yet we highlight a ‘blind spot’, representing a lack of data and limited recognition of this challenge. There is a need for more research in this area, to identify and evaluate interventions that can be used effectively to tackle stigma, and to inform collaborative efforts between patients, clinical services, policy makers, traditional healers, religious leaders, charity organisations and support groups.
Script development as a ‘wicked problem’
Authors: Batty Craig , O’Meara Radha , Taylor Stayci , Joyce Hester , Burne Philippa , Maloney Noel , Poole Mark , Tofler Marilyn 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Both a process and a set of products, influenced by policy as well as people, and incorporating objective agendas at the same time as subjective experiences, script development is a core practice within the screen industry – yet one that is hard to pin down and, to some extent, define. From an academic research perspective, we might say that script development is a ‘wicked problem’ precisely because of these complex and often contradictory aspects. Following on from a recent Journal of Screenwriting special issue on script development (2017, vol. 8:3), and in particular an article therein dedicated to reviewing the literature and ‘defining the field’, an expanded team of researchers follow up on those ideas and insights. In this article, then, we attempt to theorize script development as a ‘wicked problem’ that spans a range of themes and disciplines. As a ‘wicked’ team of authors, our expertise encompasses screenwriting theory, screenwriting practice, film and television studies, cultural policy, ethnography, gender studies and comedy. By drawing on these critical domains and creative practices, we present a series of interconnected themes that we hope not only suggests the potential for script development as a rich and exciting scholarly pursuit, but that also inspires and encourages other researchers to join forces in an attempt to solve the script development ‘puzzle’.
Of goddesses and women: Towards a super-empowered female hero
Authors: Kaul Vartikka 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article explores the representation of Indian female superheroes in selected Indian comic books that have been published in recent years (1998–2016). It argues that these superheroines are actively engaged in negotiating and challenging gender stereotypes and cultural formulations of the female body. Through these representations, a transgressive agency of a female superhero is being constructed in a popcultural space where idealized mythological and nationalistic framing from popular Indian comic book traditions, such as the Amar Chitra Katha comic book series, was previously the norm.
‘Lonely night watchman’s art’: Circuits of exclusion, C-grade film and hybrid aesthetics of Miss Lovely
Authors: Walia Ramna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Since the 2000s, Bombay cinema has engaged in a nostalgic re-telling of its history through the industrial practice of film remakes and retro films. We see an industrially produced nostalgia for the past that commemorates Bombay cinema history through its stars, narrative strategies, art direction, costumes and remixes of old songs and dances. Such recovery of the past elicits questions on the ‘invisible’ histories of film practices, particularly the B- and C-circuit films, produced in Mumbai. The origin and definition of these films remain ambivalent – and despite accounting for a sizeable portion of annual film productions, these films remain underground as a ‘bad object’. I focus on the slippery category of C-grade cinema and its exponential rise in Bombay. I then focus on Ashim Ahluwalia’s cinephilic engagement with the industrial story of the C-circuit in Miss Lovely (2012) and argue that the film uses a hybrid formal structure of a multiplex fringe film that fuses documentary elements with long-form fictional narrative and embodies the contestations of industrial histories of the Bombay film cultures.
A evangelização calvinista dos indígenas no Brasil holandês: o poder cristalizador da leitura
Authors: Ribas Maria Aparecida de Araújo Barreto 
Published: August 2018

Esse artigo aborda a evangelização calvinista dos indígenas pelos neerlandeses no Brasil holandês (1630-1654) e a especificidade de tal projeto que teve como característica fundamental a alfabetização dos mesmos.
Assessing the Impact of Pronunciation Learning Strategy on Kurdish EFL Learners’ Pronunciation Accuracy
Authors: Muhammad Himdad A. , Othman Dlakhshan Y. 
Published: August 2018

The study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of pronunciation learning strategies (in favor of Covert Rehearsal Model) in helping Kurdish EFL learners to acquire accuracy in English pronunciation and detecting the most frequently used strategy types and strategy group by the learners. A total of 50 Kurdish EFL students of Salahaddin University, English Department took part in the study. The instruments used for collecting data and information included were a validated questionnaire of pronunciation learning strategies. The questionnaire items were adopted from the synthesized taxonomy of pronunciation strategies presented by O'Malley & Chamots’ (1990) and Oxford's (1990) and adapted according to Kurdish learners' need. The results indicated that the use of various pronunciation learning strategies were useful for Kurdish learners to improve their pronunciation skills and then consolidate their self-confidence to bring positive changes in students' pronunciation performance.
Investigation of Antibacterial Properties of Ag Doped TiO2 Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning Process
Authors: Bezir Nalan Çiçek , Evcin Atilla , Diker Ramazan , Özcan Burcu , Kır Esengül , Akarca Gökhan , Çetin Emel Sesli , Kayalı Refik , Özen Mürivet Kaşıkcı 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, undoped and 1, 2,3, 4, and 5 wt % Ag-doped TiO2 nanofibers have been fabricated by the electrospinning method applying 20 kV voltages at 8 cm height with a flow rate 0.1 mL/h. The antibacterial properties of undoped and doped Ag/TiO2 nanofibers were tested on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The antibacterial effect of these fabricated nanofibers has been determined by disc diffusion and Baird parker methods. The results have shown that Ag/TiO2 nanofibers have an excellent antibacterial effect on this bacterium compared to pure TiO2 nanofibers. As a result, developed nanofibers can easily be applied in various fields such as biomedical sector and tissue engineering. In addition, the chemical components, morphology, and crystal structure of the nanofibers have been performed by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDX), differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetric analysis (DTA/TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods.
Nickel doping effect on the structural and optical properties of indium sulfide thin films by SILAR
Authors: Göde Fatma , Ünlü Serdar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Undoped and nickel doped indium sulfide (In2S3:Ni) thin films have been deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The doping concentration of Ni has been adjusted as 4%, 5% and 6% (in molar ratio of nickel ions to indium ions). The effects of Ni doping on the structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the In2S3 thin films are investigated. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that deposited film has cubic structure with amorphous nature of In2S3 and its crystallinity deteriorates with increasing doping concentration. The SEM measurements show that the surface morphology of the films is affected from the Ni incorporation. The direct band gap of the films decreases from 2.33 eV to 1.61 eV with increasing Ni dopant. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has been used to evaluate the chemical composition and shown that S/(Ni+In) ratio in films decreases from 1.18 to 0.40 with Ni content. Optical properties of the films have been performed by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The direct band gap of the films decreases from 2.33 eV to 1.61 eV with increasing Ni dopant. Moreover, optical parameters of the films such as refractive index (𝑛), extinction coefficient (k), real (ε
1) and imaginary (ε
2) parts of dielectric constant have been determined by using absorbance and transmittance spectra. The investigations showed that the Ni doping has a significant effect on the physical properties of SILAR produced In2S3 thin films.