bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free-living nematodes associated with pine cones of Pinus thunbergii and P. taeda at Japanese coastal and inland forest sites
Authors: Kitagami Yudai , Kanzaki Natsumi , Tanikawa Toko , Matsuda Yosuke 
Published: November 2018

Summary
We surveyed the distribution of nematodes in 56 cones of Pinus thunbergii collected from both live branches and on the forest floor in three coastal and inland habitats and in 11 cones of P. taeda collected at different heights. We identified 47 nematodes to family or genera by analysis of an 18S small subunit rRNA gene sequence. The frequencies of occurrence of free-living cone nematodes were 97% in coastal P. thunbergii, 92% in inland P. thunbergii, and 82% in P. taeda. Phylogenetic analysis assigned the nematodes to four clades with high bootstrap values. Nine sequences that were found only in cones on live branches were clustered with Panagrobelus stammeri and an unknown Panagrobelus sp. Our results imply that nematodes are commonly associated with cones in pine forest ecosystems and that a capacity for anhydrobiosis may be a key to surviving above-ground.
New morphological observations on Neolobocriconema serratum (Khan & Siddiqi, 1963) Mehta & Raski, 1971 (Rhabditida: Criconematidae)
Authors: Jahanshahi Afshar Farahnaz , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A population of Neolobocriconema serratum was recovered from the rhizosphere of Hosta sp., northern Iran, for the first time. It was studied using morphological and molecular data and new morphological observations were made. The Iranian population is characterised by females having 37-43 body annuli, their outer margin ornamented with 12-14 small lobe-like outgrowths under light microscopy, anastomoses occur sparsely in some females and the succeeding annulus is usually anteriorly bent opposite to the vulva. The cephalic region has a single smooth wavy annulus with grooves and is separated from the first, wider body annulus by a very short neck. Four prominent discoid submedian lobes and two lateral pseudolips present, appearing two layered (i.e., one above the other) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Body 487-607 μm long, stylet 85-93 μm long with rounded to anchor-shaped knobs, ovary very long, vulva generally closed, but open in some specimens under SEM. Tail conoid with bluntly rounded end and males absent. The recovered population agreed well with the type population based upon the morphometric data and female morphology. In having an almost identical morphology and morphometrics, N. allantoideum is proposed as a junior synonym of N. serratum. The molecular phylogenetic analyses were done by using near-full-length sequences of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1 rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA). The Iranian population of this species formed a clade with three other populations of the species in the SSU rDNA, and with one population in both the ITS1 rDNA and the COI mtDNA trees using Bayesian inference.
Molecular phylogenetic study of Bealius Massey & Hinds, 1970 (Nematoda: Hexatylina: Sphaerulariidae), with description of B. pinus n. sp. from Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Golhasan Behrouz , Ye Weimin 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Bealius pinus n. sp. is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by a body length of 1040 (920-1124) μm (females) and 985 (990-1043) μm (males), lip region continuous, 7.2 (7.0-8.0) μm broad, 3.3 (3.0-4.0) μm high, stylet length 8.4 (7.0-9.0) μm or ca 1.0-1.3 times the lip region diam., lateral fields with five or six incisures, the outer incisures crenate and inner incisures weakly crenate, and excretory pore situated 156 (141-170) μm from the anterior end. The basal pharyngeal bulb has a short posterior extension projecting dorsally into the intestine. Post-uterine sac absent. Functional males common in the population, spicules 29 (28-30) μm long. Tail cylindrical with broadly rounded terminus in the female and conical, arcuate, completely enveloped by a well-developed bursa in the male. The new species is compared with two known species of the genus, B. bisulcus and B. pissodi. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit (SSU) rDNA revealed that it forms a clade with several nematode species belonging to genera in the Sphaerularioidea, namely: Sphaerularia, Paurodontella, Nothotylenchus, and Deladenus.
Occurrence and distribution of vermiform plant-parasitic nematodes and the relationship with soil factors in field pea (Pisum sativum) in North Dakota, USA
Authors: Upadhaya Arjun , Yan Guiping , Pasche Julie , Kalil Audrey 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Plant-parasitic nematodes restrict crop growth and cause yield loss in field pea (dry edible pea). A 4-year survey of commercial pea fields was conducted in North Dakota, one of the leading producers of field pea in the USA, to investigate nematode distribution, prevalence, abundance and association with soil properties. Beginning in 2014, a total of 243 soil samples were collected from 16 counties, and soil properties of 115 samples were analysed to determine the association of nematodes with soil factors (texture, organic matter, nutrients). The plant-parasitic nematode genera, Paratylenchus (absolute frequency = 58-100%; mean density = 470-1550 (200 g soil)−1; greatest density = 7114 (200 g soil)−1) and Tylenchorhynchus (30-80%; 61-261; 1980, respectively), were the most frequent and widely distributed. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were identified in one-third of the counties surveyed with mean densities ranging from 43 to 224 and 36 to 206 (200 g soil)−1, respectively. Xiphinema was found relatively frequently but at low densities. Hoplolaimus and Paratrichodorus were rarely detected at lower densities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that soil factors explained 19% of the total variance of nematode genera abundance. The relationship between nematode abundance and soil sand content and pH was significant, while clay, silt, organic matter and nutrients were not significantly related to nematode abundance. This is the first multi-year study investigating nematodes associated with field peas and their relationship with soil factors in a major field pea production region of the USA.
Bent Out of Shape: Fictions of Yoga and Religion before the Courts
Authors: Dabby Dia , Barras Amélie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We engage with the practice of yoga in Californian public schools through a recent case to examine the discursive mechanisms at play when a practice is shaped as religious (or not). A correlation is made between the practice of yoga in schools and male circumcision, to think about its secular/religious vocation. This line of questioning is salient in exploring how law curates the body of the “secular” “modern” child. We argue that yoga, like circumcision, is an example of an ambidextrous practice that can be curated as either “religious” or “secular”. Section 1 provides a brief genesis of our legal cases and theoretical proposal for secularism as a curating practice. Section 2 offers discursive analyses of religious practice, as well as culture and health through yoga’s postures. Ultimately, we seek to critically examine the manner, mechanisms and methods through which different practices exercised by children or on their bodies are (re)shaped by/through the courts.
The Climatic Significance of a Late Quaternary Insect Fauna from Rodbaston Hall, Staffordshire, England
Authors: ASHWORTH ALLAN CHARLES 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

An insect fauna of 318 taxa, mainly beetles, is described from kettle hole deposits at Rodbaston Hall, Staffordshire. Pollen stratigraphy together with a radiocarbon age of 10,670 years B.P. suggest that sedimentation commenced in the Late-glacial and continued until recent times.
The coleopterous fauna, the first of its size to be described from a continuous sequence through the transition between Late- and Post-glacial deposits, contains 18 species which no longer live in the British Isles. The fauna is largely composed of eurythermal species but there is an element which has strong boreal affinities at the present day and another group, the members of which by comparison have relatively southern distributions. The northern and southern groups occur as more or less distinct units within the deposit and their distribution is thought to be largely thermally controlled.
The age of the silts, the first sediments to be deposited in the hollow is not known. They could have formed in either Older Dryas or Allerød time but they contain in part a thermophilous Coleoptera assemblage which may indicate a warmer climate than that which revails at Rodbaston now. By comparison, the gyttja, which was deposited in Younger Dryas time, contains a fauna similar to that of present day northern Scandinavia and indicates a more extreme thermal environment than is found anywhere in Britain at the present day.
A very marked faunal change was observed between the Late- and Post-glacial episodes, and it is thought to indicate a rapid amelioration with the possibility that summer temperatures rose 6°C in a period of 100 to 150 years on the basis of radiocarbon dating.
Development Rates of Some Finnish Gerris Fabr. Species (Het. Gerridae) in Laboratory Cultures
Authors: VEPSALAINEN KARI 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Egg and larval development times of Gerris odontogaster (Zett.) (COD), G. lateralis Schumm. (LAT), G. lacustris (L.) (LAC), G. thoracicus Schumm. (THO) and G. rufoscutellatus Lt. (RU) were studied. In species OD they are dependent on temperature. The roles of photoperiod, crowding and food remain open, even if continuous light seems to have a retarding effect on the larval development of OD and LAC. The development times of the subsequent instars of OD, LAT and LAC were shown to be of unequal lengths.
When the development rates of different species were compared in 25―26°C, the species sequence from fastest to slowest was LAT, THO, LAC, OD and RU, i.e., disregarding RU and THO, just the opposite of the order experienced in nature in Finland. This raised the question of why the fastest species have not displaced OD in the microclimatically warmest habitats. The answer is supposed to lie in the seasonal, environmentally determined alary dimorphism of OD, which adapts it better than other species to microclimatically warm but at the same time temporary habitats.
Experiments on the Needle Shortening Pine Gall Midge
Authors: THYGESEN TH. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Data are given on the biology of this gall midge, which has proved harmful to young trees of Mountain and Scots Pine. Special attention has been paid to the flight period as reliable information on this is essential in order to time control measures.
These can be carried out as sprays with parathion, diazinon or malathion, which all proved highly effective when applied twice during the flight period.
As young nursery trees are most vulnerable, a warning for nurseries is issued by the National Committee for Propagation and Sanitary Inspection for Horticultural Plants every spring, when the first hatchings are noted.
Trauma and Emotion in the Battlefield Correspondence of Andrew Mitchell (1708–1771)
Authors: Taylor David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Andrew Mitchell’s emotional reactions to his battlefield experiences in the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) are detailed in his correspondence. Mitchell was British envoy to Prussia and its ruler Frederick II from 1756 to 1771. His letters home and to friends during the war were an outlet for his emotional turmoil, often unguarded and often expressed without a framework for comprehending the significance or impact of the emotions he felt. His problems were compounded by contemporary diplomatic theory and philosophy, which actively discouraged displays of emotion, advocating self-control and the construction of an identity best equipped to achieve diplomatic ends rather than truly represent what was felt. Analysis of Mitchell’s correspondence suggests that he used letter writing to make sense of his conflicted feelings and to fashion a viable emotional identity in his difficult situation.
Anger as Misshapen Fear: Fascism, Literature, and the Emotional Body
Authors: Gervasi Paolo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article analyses two literary texts by the Italian writer Carlo Emilio Gadda: the anti-fascist satire Eros e Priapo, written between 1944 and 1945; and the novel Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana, first published in 1946. The deformed descriptions of the human figure in these texts are contextualised alongside a collection of anti-fascist caricatures from the same period, Enrico Gianeri’s Il Cesare di cartapesta (1945), and read as emotional symptoms of ongoing social conflicts. In fascist Italy, the representation of the body becomes the battlefield where a few resisting emotional communities contrast the strict management of public sentiment performed by the regime. In this context, deformations of the image of Mussolini and fascist society can be interpreted as performances of anger that deconstruct the official emotional regime and reveal the regime of fear on which fascism built its power.
STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE XYLEM OF ARBORESCENT SPECIES OF BLECHNUM FROM SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Luna María Luján , Giacosa Juan Pablo Ramos , Giudice Gabriela Elena , Fernández Paula Virginia , Ciancia Marina , Saparrat Mario C.N. 
Published: November 2018

The xylem in three arborescent species of Blechnum section Lomariocycas was studied in detail using SEM, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and sugar composition analysis. The overall structure of root and rhizome metaxylem tracheids was similar in the three species analyzed, and characterized by mostly scalariform pitting of these multifaceted cells. Pit membrane thickness and porosity varied according to the stage of tracheid maturation. Approximately rounded deposits resembling vestures were observed in the outer pit apertures of some tracheids. Under TEM, thickenings like one-sided tori appeared on the tracheid side of tracheid-to-parenchyma contact walls; some parenchyma cells showed, in addition, features of transfer cells. As the increase in stature creates new constraints in terms of biomechanical support and water transport in plants, the characteristics found in Blechnum xylem might be related to optimization of conductive efficiency and safety. Chemical analyses of roots and rhizomes of B. yungense	revealed similar levels of G-type lignin deposited in the xylem cell walls. Such lignin is the most common in ferns, including other arborescent genera. Preliminary analysis of cell wall polysaccharide composition of both root and rhizome xylem, yielded cellulose, xyloglucans and xylans with low amounts of mannans and pectins. The xylem of rhizomes had higher amounts of cellulose than root xylem. Our results are discussed in the context of functional and evolutionary aspects of xylem ferns.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Bias Correcting Precipitation Skill Scores
Authors: Pyle Matthew E. , Brill Keith F. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A fair comparison of quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) products from multiple forecast sources using performance metrics based on a 2 × 2 contingency table with assessment of statistical significance of differences requires accounting for differing frequency biases to which the performance metrics are sensitive. A simple approach to address differing frequency biases modifies the 2 × 2 contingency table values using a mathematical assumption that determines the change in hit rate when the frequency bias is adjusted to unity. Another approach uses quantile mapping to remove the frequency bias of the QPFs by matching the frequency distribution of each QPF to the frequency distribution of the verifying analysis or points. If these two methods consistently yield the same result for assessing the statistical significance of differences between two QPF forecast sources when accounting for bias differences, then verification software can apply the simpler approach and existing 2 × 2 contingency tables can be used for statistical significance computations without recovering the original QPF and verifying data required for the bias removal approach. However, this study provides evidence for continued application and wider adoption of the bias removal approach.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Framework for Correcting Reporting Bias in the U.S. Tornado Database
Authors: Potvin Corey K. , Broyles Chris , Skinner Patrick S. , Brooks Harold E. , Rasmussen Erik 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) tornado database, generated from NCEI’s Storm Data publication, is indispensable for assessing U.S. tornado risk and investigating tornado–climate connections. Maximizing the value of this database, however, requires accounting for systemically lower reported tornado counts in rural areas owing to a lack of observers. This study uses Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate tornado reporting rates and expected tornado counts over the central United States during 1975–2016. Our method addresses a serious solution nonuniqueness issue that may have affected previous studies. The adopted model explains 73% (&gt;90%) of the variance in reported counts at scales of 50 km (&gt;100 km). Population density explains more of the variance in reported tornado counts than other examined geographical covariates, including distance from nearest city, terrain ruggedness index, and road density. The model estimates that approximately 45% of tornadoes within the analysis domain were reported. The estimated tornado reporting rate decreases sharply away from population centers; for example, while &gt;90% of tornadoes that occur within 5 km of a city with population &gt; 100 000 are reported, this rate decreases to &lt;70% at distances of 20–25 km. The method is directly extendable to other events subject to underreporting (e.g., severe hail and wind) and could be used to improve climate studies and tornado and other hazard models for forecasters, planners, and insurance/reinsurance companies, as well as for the development and verification of storm-scale prediction systems.
Preferences in Information Processing and suicide: Results from a young adult health survey in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cramer Robert J , Rasmussen Susan , Webber Wesley B , Sime Victoria L , Haile Caitlin , McFadden Claire , McManus Moira C 
Published: November 2018

Background: Suicide prevention literature currently suffers from inconsistent measurement and incomplete theoretical development. Aims: Using a recommended suicide measurement approach for epidemiological studies (i.e. the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R)), the present investigation assessed United Kingdom young adult suicide prevalence rates. This study also investigated the utility of a Preferences in Information Processing (PIP) model of suicide in identifying those at increased odds for elevated suicide risk, as well as lifetime ideation and attempt. Method: A cross-sectional mental health and well-being survey study ( n = 414) was conducted. Results: The prevalence rates of elevated risk (49.8%), lifetime ideation only (55.3%) and lifetime attempt (13.5%) were high. Bivariate associations demonstrated that elevated depression, anxiety and Need for Affect (NFA) Avoidance were associated with worsened suicide outcomes, whereas elevated Need for Cognition (NFC) was associated with decreased suicide risk. Logistic regression results identified depression and NFA Avoidance as the strongest predictors of elevated suicide risk. Multinomial logistic regression results established several PIP-based moderation effects for depression and anxiety in which NFA Approach and NFC differentially influenced odds of suicide attempt group membership. Conclusion: The SBQ-R is an appropriate tool for UK young adult suicide research. NFA and NFC demonstrated potential for inclusion in young adult suicide prevention programming. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the PIP model of suicide and effectiveness of proposed theory-based approaches to suicide prevention.
Expressed emotion and socio-demographic and clinical factors in families of Brazilian patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Pereira Camila Corrêa Matias , de Azevedo Marques João Mazzoncini , da Silva Amanda Heloisa Santana , Martin Isabela dos Santos , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , de Souza Jacqueline , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Gherardi-Donato Edilaine Cristina da Silva 
Published: November 2018

Background: Families are the main caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Family dynamic and expressed emotion (EE) of relatives are fundamental determinants on the course of schizophrenia. Method: This study analyzed socio-demographic and clinical factors related to EE components. A total of 94 dyads (patients with schizophrenia and their relatives) were recruited from three mental health clinics. A form containing socio-demographic and clinical variables and the Brazilian version of Family Questionnaire were used and the data were analyzed through regression model. Results: Results showed that factors such as patients’ occupation status and patients’ age, as well as relatives’ gender and the degree of relatedness, were related to emotional overinvolvement and critical comments levels. Conclusion: This is the first study in the Brazilian cultural context that evaluates EE components and related factors on families of patients with schizophrenia. Other studies concerning EE on different cultural contexts and possible interventions must be carried out to help health professionals to improve patient and family care.
Experience of stigma among mental health service users in Hong Kong: Are there changes between 2001 and 2017?
Authors: Chung Ka-Fai , Tse Samson , Lee Chit-Tat , Wong Michael Ming-Cheuk , Chan Wing-Man 
Published: November 2018

Background: Public expenditure on mental health education has grown exponentially in the past two decades. Does the experience of stigma among people with mental health problems improve over time? Our study aims to compare the levels of perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping among mental health service users in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2017 using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional study design. Method: The baseline survey was completed by 193 psychiatric outpatients in 2001. They were traced for re-assessment in 2017. Another sample of 193 outpatients matched in age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis was recruited in 2017 for cross-sectional comparison. Participants completed a 39-item questionnaire on stigma experiences, Beck Depression Inventory and Disability Assessment Schedule at both time points. Results: In total, 109 of 193 participants (56.5%) of the 2001 survey were re-assessed. No significant change in perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping was found among the 109 participants interviewed in 2001 and 2017. For cross-sectional comparison, significant differences in two perceived stigma items were observed upon Bonferroni correction (chi-square test, p < .005) and remained significant after controlling for confounding factors by regression analysis. Improvements in perceived stigmatization were on marriage and friendship, while viewpoints on trustworthiness, dangerousness, devaluation, avoidance and personal failure remained unchanged, and there was no improvement in rejection experiences and stigma–coping. Conclusion: Positive attitude changes over time are unlikely to occur if there is no targeted intervention on stigma. Our findings highlight that evidence-based antistigma interventions are urgently needed.