bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation associated with INSURE versus LISA procedures in surfactant‐deficient newborn piglet RDS model
Authors: Rey‐Santano Carmen , Mielgo Victoria E. , Gomez‐Solaetxe Miguel A. , Salomone Fabrizio , Gastiasoro Elena , Loureiro Begoña 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundNasal continuous‐positive airway pressure (nCPAP) with the INSURE (INtubation‐SURfactant‐Extubation) or LISA (Less‐Invasive Surfactant Administration) procedures are increasingly being chosen as the initial treatment for neonates with surfactant deficiency. Our objective was to compare the effects on cerebral oxygenation of different methods for surfactant administration: INSURE and LISA, using a nasogastric tube (NT) or a LISAcath® catheter, in spontaneously breathing SF‐deficient newborn piglets.MethodsEighteen newborn piglets with SF‐deficient lung injury produced by repetitive bronchoalveolar lavages were randomly assigned to INSURE, LISA‐NT, or LISAcath® groups. We assessed pulmonary (gas exchange, lung mechanics, lung histology) and hemodynamic (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate) changes, cerebral oxygenation (cTOI) and cerebral fractional tissue extraction (cFTOE), with near‐infrared spectroscopy, carotid blood flow and brain histology.ResultsSF‐deficient piglets developed respiratory distress (FiO2 = 1, pH <7.2, PaCO2 >70 mmHg, PaO2 <70 mmHg, Cdyn <0.5 mL/cmH2O/kg). Rapid improvements in pulmonary status were observed in all surfactant‐treated groups without hemodynamic alterations. In the INSURE group, a transient decrease in cTOI occurred during and immediately after surfactant administration, while cTOI only decreased during surfactant administration in the LISA‐NT group and did not change significantly in the LISAcath® group. Brain injury scores were low in all surfactant‐treated groups.ConclusionIn spontaneously breathing SF‐deficient newborn piglets, short‐lasting decreases in cerebral oxygenation are associated with surfactant administration by the INSURE method or LISA using an NT, while no cerebral oxygenation changes occurred with LISA using a LISAcath®. Notably, none of treatments studied seems to have a negative impact on the neonatal brain.
Peripheral muscle strength is associated with lung function and functional capacity in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Rovedder Paula Maria Eidt , Borba Gabrielle Costa , Anderle Mariluce , Flores Josani , Ziegler Bruna , Barreto Sérgio Saldanha Menna , Roth Dalcin Paulo de Tarso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that causes important multisystemic impairments. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of peripheral muscle strength with lung function and functional capacity in adolescents and adults with CF.MethodsCross‐sectional study with prospective data of patients enrolled in the Program for Adults with CF at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The testing procedures included peripheral muscle strength testing, pulmonary function tests, and the 6‐minute walk test.ResultsThe sample consisted of 41 subjects (27 women) with a mean age of 24.6. Upper extremity muscle strength was associated with forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second, and lower extremity muscle strength was associated with the distance covered in the 6‐minute walk test, oxygen saturation, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and forced vital capacity.ConclusionsMuscle strength was positively associated with lung function variable and functional capacity in patients with CF.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lower explosion limit of multiphase hybrid mixtures
Authors: Addai Emmanuel Kwasi , Ali Haider , Amyotte Paul , Krause Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

This article reports on experimental and theoretical investigations of the lower explosion limits of two‐ and three‐phase mixtures such as gas‐dust, spray‐gas, dust‐spray, and dust‐gas‐spray. The materials used were lycopodium and brown coal as combustible dusts, methane, and hydrogen as combustible gases and ethanol and isopropanol as sprays (liquid solvent).The experiments were performed in the standardized 20‐L spherical explosion chamber where modifications were done to allow the input of solvents and gases. The test protocol was in accordance with the European standard, EN 14034. The experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in explosion likelihood brought about by gas or spray admixture with dust and vice versa. They also confirm that a hybrid mixture explosion is possible even when both dust and spray or gas concentrations are respectively lower than their minimum explosible concentration (MEC) and lower explosion limit (LEL). For example, the MEC of brown coal decreases from 250 to 60 g/m3, 60 and 100 g/m3 when small amounts of isopropanol spray, methane gas, and hydrogen gas respectively, were added (even though these concentrations of gases and solvents are all below the LEL of the individual substances).Comparisons have been made between the lower explosible limit of the experimental data and classical models such as those developed by Bartknecht, Le Chatelier, and Jiang and coworkers. This research provides safety practitioners with a practical means to characterize material hazards without the need to perform a large number of tests. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 1–13: e12045 2019
Herbicidal efficacy and ecological safety of an allelochemical‐based benzothiazine derivative
Authors: Zhao Huan‐Huan , Kong Chui‐Hua , Xu Xiao‐Hua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of allelochemical‐based herbicides may be of particular value for weed management in cropping systems. However, the action of potential allelochemical‐based herbicides on crop selectivity and ecotoxicology needs to be clarified before they can be introduced into cropping systems.ResultsAn allelochemical‐based 3‐(2‐chloro‐4‐ethanesulfonyl)‐benzoyl‐hydroxy‐2‐ methyl‐2H‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐1,1‐dioxide, originating from the rice allelochemical tricin, was applied to a paddy system. The benzothiazine derivative could effectively control dominant weeds, while rice was not affected at rates of 75–100 g a.i. ha−1. Furthermore, this target compound significantly inhibited the growth of all weeds tested with excellent selectivity for maize; however, it was not safe for soybean. The benzothiazine derivative had no toxic effects on zebrafish and earthworms. The benzothiazine derivative was rapidly degraded in soil with half‐lives of 17.51–20.47 days. MiSeq‐pyrosequencing revealed relative safety to soil microorganisms at 5 mg kg−1 of the benzothiazine derivative.ConclusionThe allelochemical‐based benzothiazine derivative at optimal application rates can be recommended to provide satisfactory control of paddy weeds. The benzothiazine derivative with excellent crop selectivity and ecological safety may be further developed for weed management in maize fields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A revised implicit equal‐weights particle filter
Authors: Skauvold Jacob , Eidsvik Jo , van Leeuwen Peter Jan , Amezcua Javier 
Published: February 2019

Particle filters are fully nonlinear data assimilation methods and as such are highly relevant. While the standard particle filter degenerates for high‐dimensional systems, recent developments have opened the way for new particle filters that can be used in such systems.The implicit equal‐weights particle filter (IEWPF) is an efficient approach that avoids filter degeneracy because it gives equal particle weights by construction. The method uses implicit sampling, whereby auxiliary vectors drawn from a proposal distribution undergo a transformation before they are added to each particle.In the original formulation of the IEWPF, the proposal distribution has a gap, causing all but one particle to have an inaccessible region in state space. We show that this leads to a systematic bias in the predictions and we modify the proposal distribution to eliminate the gap. We achieved this by using a two‐stage proposal method, where a single variance parameter is tuned to obtain adequate statistical coverage properties of the predictive distribution. We discuss the properties of the implicit mapping from an auxiliary random vector to the state vector, keeping in mind the aim of avoiding particle resampling. The revised filter is tested on linear and weakly nonlinear dynamical models in low‐dimensional and moderately high‐dimensional settings, demonstrating the success of the new methodology in removing the bias.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as a “Turn‐Off” Fluorescent Probes for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Mercury(II) Ions
Authors: Cheng Zhenfang , Du Fuyou , Sun Lingshun , Jiang Liping , Ruan Guihua , Li Jianping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA facile, economical and straightforward hydrothermal strategy was used to prepare highly luminescent nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) by using citric acid and urea as the precursors. The as‐prepared N‐CQDs exhibited excellent excitation‐wavelength‐dependent photoluminescence property, high relative fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82.4%, and high selective response to Hg2+ over other examined metal ions in water samples. Under the optimal conditions, the response was linearly proportional to the Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0–250 μM with a detection limit of 1.3 nM. The established N‐CQDs based fluorescent sensor was then successfully applied for label‐free detection of Hg2+ in environmental water samples (tap, lake, and well water). Satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, recovery results (92.6‐116.8%) are achieved for the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples.
Selectivity Engineering in One Pot Synthesis of Raspberry Ketone: Crossed Aldol Condensation of p‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde and Acetone and Hydrogenation over Novel Ni/Zn‐La Mixed Oxide
Authors: Malkar Radhika S. , Yadav Ganapati D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRaspberry ketone, also called as rheosmin, is an important flavor compound used in perfumery and food industry. In the current work, it was synthesized from p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (PHB) and acetone in one pot system. Crossed aldol condensation of p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde gave α,β‐unsaturated ketone, i. e. p‐hydroxybenzalacetone (PHBA) which was further reduced to obtain raspberry ketone. Mixed oxide catalysts of different combinations of Mg, La and Zn were prepared by three different methods such as hydrothermal, combustion and co‐precipitation. Among all Zn−La with mole ratio 3:1, synthesized by combustion method and glycine as fuel, gave the best results for selective synthesis of PHBA. For hydrogenation of PHBA, Ni, Cu and Pd metals were screened to find that 2% Ni/Zn3:La1 was the best catalyst for one‐pot synthesis of raspberry ketone. It showed excellent textural properties like high surface area (680 m2/g), activity and selectivity. The virgin and spent catalyst samples were fully characterized by SEM, TEM, TGA, FTIR, CO2 and NH3‐TPD and BET surface area analysis. It was stable, active and reused for 4 cycles. The kinetic model was developed separately for two different steps. The reaction is kinetically controlled with activation energy of 18.48 kcal/mol for crossed aldol condensation and 14.19 kcal/mol for hydrogenation step. It is an interesting example of process chemistry and engineering using a novel catalyst and process.
Construction of Large‐Area Ultrathin Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Films through Vapor‐Induced Conversion
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Song Tianqun , Zhu Xiaoting , Li Baili , Han Bin , Zheng Lei , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOn account of unique characteristics, the integration of metal–organic frameworks as active materials in electronic devices attracts more and more attention. The film thickness, uniformity, area, and roughness are all fatal factors limiting the development of electrical and optoelectronic applications. However, research focused on ultrathin free‐standing films is in its infancy. Herein, a new method, vapor‐induced method, is designed to construct centimeter‐sized Ni3(HITP)2 films with well‐controlled thickness (7, 40, and 92 nm) and conductivity (0.85, 2.23, and 22.83 S m−1). Further, traditional transfer methods are tactfully applied to metal–organic graphene analogue (MOGA) films. In order to maintain the integrity of films, substrates are raised up from bottom of water to hold up films. The stripping method greatly improves the surface roughness Rq (root mean square roughness) without loss of conductivity and endows the film with excellent elasticity and flexibility. After 1000 buckling cycles, the conductance shows no obvious decrease. Therefore, the work may open up a new avenue for flexible electronic and magnetic devices based on MOGA.
Resistive Switching Behavior in Ferroelectric Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Zhan Jie , Bai Yu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResistive random‐access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for next‐generation nonvolatile random‐access memory protocols. The information storage in RRAM is realized by the resistive switching (RS) effect. The RS behavior of ferroelectric heterostructures is mainly controlled by polarization‐dominated and defect‐dominated mechanisms. Under certain conditions, these two mechanisms can have synergistic effects on RS behavior. Therefore, RS performance can be effectively improved by optimizing ferroelectricity, conductivity, and interfacial structures. Many methods have been studied to improve the RS performance of ferroelectric heterostructures. Typical approaches include doping elements into the ferroelectric layer, controlling the oxygen vacancy concentration and optimizing the thickness of the ferroelectric layer, and constructing an insertion layer at the interface. Here, the mechanism of RS behavior in ferroelectric heterostructures is briefly introduced, and the methods used to improve RS performance in recent years are summarized. Finally, existing problems in this field are identified, and future development trends are highlighted.
Recent Progress of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qiannan , Hu Zhe , Chen Mingzhe , Zou Chao , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Chou Shu‐Lei , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention and considered to be a low‐cost complement or an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), especially for large‐scale energy storage. Their application, however, is limited because of the lack of suitable host materials to reversibly intercalate Na+ ions. Layered transition metal oxides (NaxMO2, M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Ti, V, and their combinations) appear to be promising cathode candidates for SIBs due to their simple structure, ease of synthesis, high operating potential, and feasibility for commercial production. In the present work, the structural evolution, electrochemical performance, and recent progress of NaxMO2 as cathode materials for SIBs are reviewed and summarized. Moreover, the existing drawbacks are discussed and several strategies are proposed to help alleviate these issues. In addition, the exploration of full cells based on NaxMO2 cathodes and future perspectives are discussed to provide guidance for the future commercialization of such systems.
Ram‐air kite airfoil and reinforcements optimization for airborne wind energy applications
Authors: Thedens Paul , de Oliveira Gael , Schmehl Roland 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a multidisciplinary design optimization method for the profile and structural reinforcement layout of a ram‐air kite rib. The aim is to minimize the structural elastic energy and to maximize the traction power of a ram‐air kite used for airborne wind energy generation. Because of the large deformations occurring during flight, a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) routine is included in the optimization, which determines the actual deformed rib geometry and its corresponding aerodynamic characteristics. A qualitative comparison between FSI inclusion and exclusion in the optimization is given. Discrepancies in airfoil profile and structural layout are observed.
Coupled Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization (AFC) and Mantle Plume Source(s) Contribution in the Generation of Paleoproterozoic Mafic Dykes of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Rao N. V. Chalapathi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) of the southern Indian Shield hosts five geochronologically distinct Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms emplaced at 2.37, 2.21, 2.18, 2.08 and 1.89 Ga. Trace element geochemical data available for these dykes display the ‘arc signals’ viz., negative Nb-Ta anomalies and elevated Zr/Nb, Th/Yb and Th/Ta values, which are conventionally interpreted to represent involvement of subduction in their genesis. It is shown that these ‘arc signals’ resulted from coupled assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes that modified these mantle-derived melts. Since, mafic dykes under study are highly evolved, an attempt has been made to estimate (using PRIMELTS2.xls software) the composition of the primary magma from the most primitive sample available from the 2.21 and 2.37 Ga swarms. The mantle potential temperature derived from the estimated primary magma compositions revealed anomalously hot mantle source regions compared to the known ambient upper mantle temperatures during Paleoproterozoic, thus implying the possible involvement of thermal plumes in their genesis.
Seismic Structure of the Central Indian Crust and its Implications on the Crustal Evolution
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Tewari H. C. , Sreenivas B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The crustal structures of the Narmada region in Central India bounded by fault system (Narmada- North and South faults : NNF and NSF) has been derived from deep seismic sounding (DSS) studies along the two profiles trending almost north-south direction. The wide-angle phases have been modeled kinematically and dynamically using the 2-D asymptotic ray tracing technique. The combined seismic and gravity modeling reveals a multilayer crust in the region. The crustal wide-angle reflection phases map the Moho discontinuity, where the P-wave velocity jumps from 7.2 km s-1 to 8.0-8.1 km s-1, at depth varying between 38 km and 44 km. A layer with velocity 7.2 km s-1, exists above the Moho in most parts of the profiles and is attributed to the magmatic underplating related to the Deccan volcanism (~65 Ma). The intriguing observation of the study is a zone characterized by anomalous high velocity (6.5-6.6 km s-1) within the upper crust. 2-D gravity modeling demonstrates that this anomalous layer has a density of ~2.9 gm cm-3, which is equivalent to the rocks metamorphosed to granulite/amphibolite facies. This high velocity layer probably represents the granulite enclaves within the Archaean granites/gneiss rocks and was formed during the cratonization of the Achaean crust. Importantly, this high velocity layer shows an average upward displacement of ~8.5 km within the region bounded by NNF and NSF as compared to the regions beyond it. The studies suggest that the observed displacement in the high velocity layer of the upper crust is a result of repeated reactivation of the Narmada fault system.
Uranium and Thorium Anomalies in the ~2.5 Ga Vendodu Leucogranite, Nellore Schist Belt, SE India and its Potential to Generate Uranium Deposits
Authors: Kokandakar Gaurav J. , Ghodke Sachin S. , More Laxman B. , Nagaraju B. , Bhosle Munjaji V. , Sawant S. S. , Rathna K. , Kumar K. Vijaya 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Vendodu intrusive, emplaced at 2483±3 Ma within the Nellore schist belt, SE India, is a K-rich per-aluminous A-type leucogranite composed of quartz and alkali feldspar (essential minerals), biotite, zircon, allanite, titanite, magnetite and apatite (magmatic accessory minerals) and muscovite, haematite, fluorite and uraninite (hydrothermal accessory minerals); zircon and uraninite could be both magmatic and hydrothermal. The Vendodu leucogranite is characterized by high Rb, Zr, Nb, Th, U and REE, low Ca, Al, Ba and Sr abundances, and large negative Eu anomalies. U content in the Vendodu leucogranite averages 17.63 ppm and is 6 to 11 times higher than average concentration of U in Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and Archaean granitoids. Similarly, Th content averages 61.38 ppm and is 3 to 20 times higher than average concentration of Th in Archaean granitoids and UCC. The U distribution in the Vendodu leucogranite is influenced by both magmatic and high-temperature hydrothermal processes. Processes that have enriched U have also increased LREE, Nb and Cr contents in the leucogranites. Geochemical proxies including Th/U, Zr/U and V/Yb suggest both magmatic and high-T hydrothermal (deuteric) enrichment of U over a wide range of temperatures and oxygen fugacities. High Th/U ratios in the Vendodu leucogranite (1.62–9.76) hint that the hydrothermal (deuteric) fluids were possibly magmatic. Petrographic and geochemical evidences suggest that the Vendodu leucogranite experienced magmatic and deuteric U enrichment that has potential to form mineralized zones either in situ or in pegmatitic veins.
Recrystallization and Provenance History of the Upper Kaimur Group Siliciclastics, Son Valley, India: Coupled Petrographic and Fluid inclusion Proxy
Authors: Quasim M. A. , Ahmad A. H. M. , Sachan Himanshu K. , Ghosh Sumit K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Mesoproterozoic Kaimur Group belonging to upper part of Vindhyan Supergroup, conformably overlies the carbonate sequence of Semri Group (Lower Vindhyan) in the Son Valley, central India. The Upper Kaimur Group consists of Dhandraul sandstone, Scarp sandstone and Bijaigarh shale. The detrital contents of the Dhandraul and Scarp sandstones are mainly composed of several varieties of quartz followed by feldspar, rock fragments, micas and heavy minerals. Fluid inclusion studies are carried out on the detrital and recrystallized quartz grains of the Dhandraul and Scarp sandstone to know about the fluid phases already present in the source rock and / or introduced in the recrystallisation process. Fluid micro-thermometry reveals the presence of two types of fluids: (i) bi-phase low saline aqueous inclusions, (ii) bi-phase high saline aqueous inclusion. These fluids were trapped during the development of grain and recrystallization processes. The salinity of these inclusions in the quartz grain is in the range of 5.7 to 13.4% suggests that initially there was good proportion of marine water during the initiation of sedimentation. The provenance of these rocks may be granite/metamorphic rocks of Mahakoshal Group and Chhotanagpur granite-gneisses and minor input from Bundelkhand granite complex.
Measuring the critical attributes of AM powders
Authors: Thornton Anthony , Saad Jack , Clayton Jamie 
Published: February 2019

Metal powder additive manufacturing (AM) continues to be the subject of intense research activity driven by widespread recognition of its considerable value as a manufacturing technology. With an array of design and supply chain benefits from unique microstructures and part consolidation to agile, distributed production with minimal lead times, metal AM also offers potential for reduced waste and products with a lighter environmental footprint; it is now routinely applied for finished part production. The development of new metal powders, optimally specified for AM applications, is crucial for the further exploitation of this exciting technology, so is ensuring raw material consistency. Industries leading the way in AM, such as the biomedical and aerospace sectors, require certified feedstocks with robustly controlled characteristics. In this article we consider an analytical toolkit for AM metal powders by examining their critical attributes, the properties that define in-process performance and/or the quality of the finished product. Case study data illustrate the application of key techniques.