bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of the Route to Menaquinone towards Isochorismate‐Derived Metabolites
Authors: Fries Alexander , Mazzaferro Laura S. , Grüning Björn , Bisel Philippe , Stibal Karin , Buchholz Patrick C. F. , Pleiss Jürgen , Sprenger Georg A. , Müller Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChorismate and isochorismate constitute branch‐point intermediates in the biosynthesis of many aromatic metabolites in microorganisms and plants. To obtain unnatural compounds, we modified the route to menaquinone in Escherichia coli. We propose a model for the binding of isochorismate to the active site of MenD ((1R,2S, 5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐3‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase) that explains the outcome of the native reaction with α‐ketoglutarate. We have rationally designed variants of MenD for the conversion of several isochorismate analogues. The double‐variant Asn117Arg–Leu478Thr preferentially converts (5S,6S)‐5,6‐dihydroxycyclohexa‐1,3‐diene‐1‐carboxylate (2,3‐trans‐CHD), the hydrolysis product of isochorismate, with a >70‐fold higher ratio than that for the wild type. The single‐variant Arg107Ile uses (5S,6S)‐6‐amino‐5‐hydroxycyclohexa‐1,3‐diene‐1‐carboxylate (2,3‐trans‐CHA) as substrate with >6‐fold conversion compared to wild‐type MenD. The novel compounds have been made accessible in vivo (up to 5.3 g L−1). Unexpectedly, as the identified residues such as Arg107 are highly conserved (>94 %), some of the designed variations can be found in wild‐type SEPHCHC synthases from other bacteria (Arg107Lys, 0.3 %). This raises the question for the possible natural occurrence of as yet unexplored branches of the shikimate pathway.
A randomized controlled trial to assess operator radiation exposure from cardiac catheterization procedures using RAD BOARD® with standard pelvic shielding versus standard pelvic shielding alone
Authors: Suryadevara Ramya , Brown Eddie D. , Green Sandy M. , Scott Thomas D. , Nordberg Cara M. , Blankenship James C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo study radiation exposure to the primary operator during diagnostic cardiac catheterizations using a radio‐dense RAD BOARD® radial access arm board.BackgroundThe use of radial access for catheterization in the United States has increased from 1% in 2007 to 41% in 2018. Compared to femoral access, operator radiation exposure from radial access is similar or higher. The RAD BOARD radio‐dense radial access arm board has been marketed as reducing radiation to operators by 44%.Materials and MethodsWe randomized 265 patients undergoing catheterization via right radial access to standard pelvic lead drape shielding (nonboard group) versus RAD BOARD in addition to pelvic drape (board group). Operator radiation exposure was measured using Landauer Microstar nanoDot™ badges worn by the operator.ResultsBoard and nonboard groups were similar with respect to demographic and procedural variables. Mean operator dose per case was higher in the board group (.65mSieverts) than in the nonboard group (.56mSieverts, P < 0.0001). In sub‐group analyses, radiation doses were higher in the board group compared to the nonboard group in patients across all body mass index groups (P < 0.03). In multivariate analysis, operator dose correlated with use of the RAD BOARD more closely than any other variable (P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of the table setup with RAD BOARD revealed that use of RAD BOARD prevented placement of a shield normally inserted into the top of the standard below‐table shield.ConclusionRAD BOARD with the pelvic shield was associated with higher radiation exposure to the operator compared with pelvic shield alone, likely due to inability to use standard radiation shielding along with the RAD BOARD.
Surgical treatment of gastric GIST with acute bleeding using laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A report of two cases
Authors: Chetta Nicola , Picciariello Arcangelo , Nagliati Carlo , Balani Alessandro , Martines Gennaro 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageIn this report, we want to emphasize how a laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure, in experienced hands, has shown to be a valid alternative for the hemorrhage control and the removal of a gastrointestinal tumor in a life‐threatening situation.
Electrochemical Pinacol Coupling of Acetophenone Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Nakahara Kenshin , Naba Keisuke , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Sugai Tomoya , Obata Rika , Nishiyama Shigeru , Einaga Yasuaki , Yamamoto Takashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical pinacol coupling reaction of acetophenone using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been reported. This transformation is driven by the one‐electron reduction of acetophenone on the BDD cathode, followed by an intermolecular radical coupling. Owing to the BDD's outstanding electrochemical properties, the pinacol‐type compound has been obtained in good conversion yield. The roles of a supporting electrolyte and solvent were addressed; (1) lithium ions contribute to increase in the reactivity of the radical intermediate. (2) Addition of water promotes the electron transfer process at the BDD surface. The reaction is relatively tolerant to para‐substituted acetophenone derivatives. Since electric current is directly employed as reducing reagents to generate a radical intermediate, the reaction is metal‐free, sustainable, and inherently safe.
Strategic Raw Materials
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Gassmann Andrea , Bokelmann Katrin , Stauber Rudolf 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn modernen technischen Geräten verbergen sich immer mehr chemische Elemente. So enthält beispielsweise ein Mobiltelefon ca. 30 Metalle bzw. deren Verbindungen, darunter auch sehr seltene wie z. B. Indium. Manche dieser Elemente haben eine kritische Versorgungslage. Diese Kritikalität mancher Rohstoffe wird an Beispielen diskutiert. Das industrielle Recycling von Elektronikschrott wird beschrieben. Dabei werden heute im Wesentlichen die Edelmetalle zurückgewonnen, andere strategische Elemente gehen verloren. Am Beispiel der Rückgewinnung von Indium aus Displays werden die Grundlagen eines neuartigen Verfahrens erläutert, bei dem Indium durch eine selektive Überführung in die Gasphase zurückgewonnen werden kann.
Phosphate recovery – applied environmental technology in formal and non‐formal education
Authors: Zowada Christian , Siol Antje , Gulacar Ozcan , Eilks Ingo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhosphate sind ein kaum beachtetes Thema im Chemieunterricht, obwohl Phosphate essentiell für unser Leben sind. Die Europäische Kommission stuft Phosphatgestein als kritischen Rohstoff ein, was seine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, aber auch ein potentielles Versorgungsrisiko anzeigt. Unter dieser Prämisse entstand ein Schülerlaborangebot zur Rückgewinnung von Phosphat aus Klärschlamm und Klärschlammasche. Dazu wurden schülergerechte Experimente zu technischen Verfahren entwickelt, die aktuell in der Umwelttechnik implementiert werden. Die Thematik wird zudem durch eine digitale Lernumgebung auch in eine gesellschaftlich‐geographische Perspektive eingeordnet, was eine umfassende Behandlung in Schule und Schülerlabor möglich macht.
Biological fuel cells in chemistry lessons – simple experiments with low‐cost materials
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIm Beitrag werden Grundlagen zu biologischen Brennstoffzellen mit Bezug auf das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt. Ausgehend von einer Auswahl bekannter Experimente zu biologischen Brennstoffzellen werden drei neue einfache Schulversuche zu hefebasierten biologischen Brennstoffzellen vorgestellt, die mit preisgünstigen Alltagsmaterialien durchführbar sind. Anhand der Experimente können die Funktionsweise und die grundlegenden Prozesse in einer biologischen Brennstoffzelle nachvollzogen werden. Die Experimente lassen sich einfach aufbauen und im Rahmen einer Schulstunde durchführen. Anhand der vorgeschlagenen Reihenfolge der Experimente können Schülerinnen und Schüler nachvollziehen, welche Faktoren zu einer Steigerung der Zellleistung beitragen.
Differential expression and subcellular localization of Copines in mouse retina
Authors: Goel Manvi , Li Tiansen , Badea Tudor C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCombinatorial expression of Brn3 transcription factors is required for the development of cell‐specific morphologies in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The molecular mechanisms by which Brn3s regulate RGC type specific features are largely unexplored. We previously identified several members of the Copine (Cpne) family of molecules as potential targets of Brn3 transcription factors in the retina. We now use in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to characterize Copine expression in the postnatal and adult mouse retina. We find that Cpne5, 6, and 9 are expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in both amacrine cells and RGCs. Cpne4 expression is restricted to one amacrine cell population of the INL, but is specifically expressed in RGCs in the GCL. Cpne4 expression in RGCs is regulated by Brn3b both cell autonomously (in Brn3b+ RGCs) and cell nonautonomously (in Brn3b− RGCs). Copines exhibit a variety of subcellular distributions when overexpressed in tissue culture cells (HEK293), and can induce the formation of elongated processes reminiscent of neurites in these non‐neuronal cells. Our results suggest that Copines might be involved in a combinatorial fashion in Brn3b‐dependent specification of RGC types. Given their expression profile and previously proven role as Ca2+ sensors, they may participate in the morphogenetic processes that shape RGC dendrite and axon formation at early postnatal ages.
Prevention of snus use: Attitudes and activities in the Public Dental Service in the south‐eastern part of Norway
Authors: Tanner Tarja , Valen Håkon Rukke , Grøtvedt Liv , Kopperud Simen E. , Becher Rune , Karlsen Line Schrøder , Ansteinsson Vibeke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDental health care professionals have the opportunity to play a key role in tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents. Snus use has increased in Norway, especially in the age group 16–24, whereas there has been a decline in smoking. This study investigated attitudes and activities related to snus prevention among dental health care professionals working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in south‐eastern Norway. A web‐based survey with a total of 557 dentists and dental hygienists in seven counties in Norway, with a response rate of 53.5%, was carried out in 2017. Dentists' and dental hygienists' activities regarding preventive snus use intervention were analysed using the chi‐square test. Intervention was measured with a score (1–5) based on four questions. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the explanatory variables of attitudes/activities and the outcome intervention variable. Approximately 87% of the dentists and 58% of the dental hygienists were not familiar with the “minimum intervention method” for tobacco prevention and cessation. Dental hygienists were most active in informing and supporting their patients in prevention and cessation of snus use. The PDS is an underutilized arena for tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents, and the intervention potential is particularly high among the dentists.
Metal–Organic Gel‐Derived Multimetal Oxides as Effective Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cao Zhengmao , Jiang Zhongwei , Li Yang , Huang Chengzhi , Li Yuanfang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExploring efficient and durable catalysts derived from earth‐abundant and cost‐effective materials is a highly desirable route to overcome the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A series of multinary metal–organic gels (MOGs) with various and alterable metal element compositions are prepared by straightforward mixing of metal ions with ligand 4,4′,4′′‐[(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(azanediyl)]tribenzoic acid (H3TATAB) in solution at room temperature. Spinel‐type metal oxides with excellent electrocatalytic OER performance were then obtained through calcination of the as‐synthesized MOGs. In electrochemical testing, the trimetallic oxide CoFeNi‐O‐1 (derived from the MOG with a Co/Fe/Ni molar ratio of 5:1:4) exhibits remarkable catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 244 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 55.4 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte, outperforming most recently reported electrocatalysts. This work not only provides a promising OER catalyst and enriches the application of MOGs in the catalytic field, but also offers a facile new route to acquiring multicomponent metal oxides with high electrocatalytic activity.
The protective effect of kaempferol on heart via the regulation of Nrf2, NF‐κβ, and PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathways in isoproterenol‐induced heart failure in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Long , Guo Zhaoxia , Wang Yan , Geng Jun , Han Shuyi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study was designed to delineate the effect of kaempferol (KF) on heart failure (HF) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin‐induced male diabetic rats received KF orally at 10 and 20 mg/kg for 42 consecutive days. In last 2 days of the experimental period, isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected at 85 mg/kg to induce HF. The hearts were processed for hemodynamic, biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were elevated in KF‐treated HF‐induced diabetic rats. Moreover, KF treatment resulted in decreased fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with increased serum insulin levels. Besides, serum cardiac injury markers like troponin‐I, creatine kinase‐muscle/brain, lactate dehydrogenase, and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly reduced in KF treatment. KF treatment has shown decrease in cardiac heme oxygenase‐1, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf‐2), and γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase with increased Keap1 mRNA levels. The cardioprotection of KF was improved by inhibition of apoptosis via blocking phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β and p38 mitogen‐activated protein‐kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases signaling pathways in HF‐induced diabetic rats. Moreover, reduced cardiac apoptosis in KF treatment was confirmed by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells, histopathological changes in HF‐induced diabetic rats. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of KF is attributed to the regulation of Nrf2, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells, and Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathways in HF‐induced diabetic rats.
3D Printing: Applications in evolution and ecology
Authors: Walker Matthew , Humphries Stuart 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the commercial and medical sectors, 3D printing is delivering on its promise to enable a revolution. However, in the fields of Ecology and Evolution we are only on the brink of embracing the advantages that 3D printing can offer. Here we discuss examples where the process has enabled researchers to develop new techniques, work with novel species, and to enhance the impact of outreach activities. Our aim is to showcase the potential that 3D printing offers in terms of improved experimental techniques, greater flexibility, reduced costs and promoting open science, while also discussing its limitations. By taking a general overview of studies using the technique from fields across the broad range of Ecology and Evolution, we show the flexibility of 3D printing technology and aim to inspire the next generation of discoveries.
Numerical study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of fluid flow in an inserted coiled tube type three fluid heat exchanger
Authors: Mohapatra Taraprasad , Ray Subhankar , Sahoo Sudhansu Sekhar , Padhi Biranchi Narayana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe paper presents numerical investigations of a three fluid heat exchanger (TFHE), which is an improvement on the double pipe heat exchanger, where a helical tube is inserted in the annular space between two straight pipes. The helical tube side fluid, that is, hot water continuously transfers heat to the outer annulus side fluid and innermost tube side fluid. The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the TFHE are assessed for different flow rates and inlet temperatures. With an increment in the volumetric flow rate of the helical tube side fluid and outer annulus side fluid, the overall heat transfer coefficient increases, and the effectiveness decreases for heat transfer from the helical tube side fluid to outer annulus side fluid in both parallel flow and counter flow configurations. It is also observed that with increment in the helical tube side fluid inlet temperature, the overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness increases for heat transfer from the helical tube side fluid to outer annulus side fluid in both flow configurations. The parameter, JF factor, has been proposed to evaluate the thermohydraulic behavior of the TFHE, where it is obtained that the behavior of the TFHE is better at a lower helical tube side fluid velocity and higher outer annulus side fluid velocity.
Exploitation of an insulated air chamber as a glazed cover of a conventional solar still
Authors: Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Benhaoua Boubaker , Manokar A. Muthu , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe countries of North Africa suffer from a serious problem that affects a large number of people. The trouble is the provisioning of drinking water. Several techniques are used but solar distillation; which seems to be an appropriate, economical, and easy solution. Conventional solar distiller is used in the Saharan areas but the yield of this device is low, that's why there are several studies that are focused on improving this distiller. The technique of double glazing gives an increase in the efficiency of a solar collector; hence, the idea of using the same technique in a conventional solar distiller. Two covers of glasses separated by 1 cm, isolated from the four sides was put on a distiller of dimensions 0.5 × 0.5 m. The results show that this technique minimizes the distiller's yield by 56.52% when compared with the conventional solar distiller.
Quantitative analysis of nonvisit care activities performed by ambulatory care pharmacists in the outpatient primary care clinic setting
Authors: Kosloski Tarpenning Kimberly A. , McGill Sarah A. , Peterson Jessica A. , Yost Kaitlin J. , Tumerman Marc D. 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionThe value of pharmacists as direct patient care providers in integrated ambulatory care teams has been demonstrated. As the reimbursement landscape changes, patient care outside of office visits is increasing through nonvisit care.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify the time spent by ambulatory care pharmacists on nonvisit care activities in the outpatient primary care clinic setting.MethodsData were collected from four outpatient ambulatory care practices in our institution over 12 weeks. The primary objective was to quantify the time spent performing nonvisit care activities. Secondary objectives were to quantify the number of patients affected, the number of nonvisit care activities, the types of medication therapy problems (MTPs) encountered during nonvisit care activities, and the resulting medication therapy interventions.ResultsA total of 1311 patients were affected during the study, and pharmacists spent a daily average of 1.6 hours performing nonvisit patient care. Among 1548 nonvisit care activities, staff face‐to‐face curbside consult was the most frequent (41%). Among 1866 MTPs identified (1.4 MTP per patient), the most common problems identified were need for education (31%), adverse medication events (21%), need for an additional medication (20%), and nonadherence (12%). The most common interventions were health care team education (28%), recommendation to switch medication (18%), patient education (17%), and start a new medication (14%).ConclusionAmbulatory care pharmacists spent considerable time performing nonvisit care, with multiple MTPs identified during these encounters. Health care teams frequently used pharmacists for nonvisit patient care. Further research is needed to determine the best utilization of pharmacist resources allocated to nonvisit care in an integrated ambulatory care practice.
Enhancement of chemoradiation by co‐incorporation of gold nanoparticles and cisplatin into alginate hydrogel
Authors: Mirrahimi Mehri , Khateri Maziar , Beik Jaber , Ghoreishi Fatemeh S. , Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh , Ghaznavi Habib , Shakeri‐Zadeh Ali 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNonspecificity and high toxicity limit the treatment efficacy and safety of chemoradiation therapy. Effective tumor targeting of anticancer drugs and radiosensitizing agents is highly desirable to amplify the efficacy of this standard cancer therapy approach. To achieve this goal, we exploited the synergy of cisplatin and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co‐loaded into alginate hydrogel network, forming so‐called ACA nanocomplex, and X‐ray radiation. Cisplatin is a commonly used anticancer agent, and at the same time, along with AuNPs could function as radiosensitizers to enhance the radiation‐induced damages through various pathways. The ACA nanocomplex improved the therapeutic efficiency of standard chemotherapy and yielded 79% growth inhibition in CT26 colon adenocarcinoma tumor after 28 days, which was significantly higher than that of 9% for free cisplatin administration. Moreover, the combination of ACA nanocomplex with 6 MV X‐ray dramatically suppressed tumor growth up to 95%, showing 51% enhancement in antitumor activity compared to standard chemoradiation. The nanocomplex developed herein holds the promise to promote the efficiency of standard chemoradiation while maintaining the patient's safety through reducing the clinically administered doses of anticancer drug and X‐ray. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2658–2663, 2019.