Abstract 2006: Targeting AXL kinase with TP-0903 successfully reverses the mesenchymal phenotype and extends survival in preclinical models of advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Tomimatsu Nozomi , Fujimura Ken , Matsumura Yuta , Umehara Hiroki , Mouritsen Lars , Warner Steven L. , Bearss David J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the progression of ovarian cancer (OVCA), which drives local invasion, metastasis and drug resistance leading to poor survival. AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, functions as a molecular driver of EMT in multiple cancers, including OVCA. The high mortality of this tumor is explained by the fact that the majority (75%) of patients present at an advanced stage, with widely metastatic disease within the peritoneal cavity often associated with ascites. The extent of ascites is a prognostic factor for survival, impacts quality of life, and correlates with the EMT phenotype. Approaches to block or reverse EMT are needed to improve the prognosis of OVCA patients, particularly those with refractory or early relapse (&lt;6 months) disease following debulking surgery and conventional adjuvant treatments. TP-0903 is a potent, small molecule AXL inhibitor that has activity in reversing EMT in multiple models of disease and embryonic development. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-tumor activity in preclinical mesenchymal OVCA-derived models, which may provide rationale to evaluate TP-0903 in treatment-resistant or refractory OVCA patients. TP-0903 showed potent effects on cell viability in multiple OVCA-derived cell lines. The IC50 values in cell viability studies ranged from 33 nM (OVTOKO cells) to 840 nM (OVMANA cells). Kuramochi cells represent the most common ovarian cancer subtype, high-grade serous ovarian cancer and was particularly platinum-resistant (&gt;5 μM), yet sensitive to TP-0903 (210 nM). Baseline phospho-AXL (Y702) was exceptionally high in Kuramochi cells and TP-0903 inhibited this phosphorylation at concentrations as low as 100 nM. TP-0903 reversed EMT in OVCA cells as evident by the down-regulation of mesenchymal markers including Snail and Slug. Consistent with the reversal of the EMT, TP-0903 inhibited the migration of ES-2 OVCA cells in a scratch assay. TP-0903 suppressed ascites development in preclinical models of OVCA and inhibited metastatic intraperitoneal tumor dissemination. Treatment suppressed ascites development (ascites volume, vehicle: 3.34 mL, TP-0903: 0.28 mL; abdominal circumference, vehicle: 7.96 cm (day 15), TP-0903: 6.82 cm (day 15), p&lt;0.05) in an orthotopic ES-2 model and extended overall survival compared to vehicle or cisplatin alone. Phospho-AXL modulation and changes in other mechanism-validating biomarkers were observed in the ES-2 model. Similar preclinical activities, including decreased ascites volume, were observed in A2780cis and OVCAR-3 xenograft models. These results support further clinical evaluation of TP-0903 in either single-agent or combination regimens treating recurrent or refractory OVCA. TP-0903 is investigated in a Phase I trial that includes an expansion cohort of this patient population (NCT02729298).
Citation Format: Nozomi Tomimatsu, Ken Fujimura, Yuta Matsumura, Hiroki Umehara, Lars Mouritsen, Steven L. Warner, David J. Bearss. Targeting AXL kinase with TP-0903 successfully reverses the mesenchymal phenotype and extends survival in preclinical models of advanced ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2006.