bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New hybrid polyoxometalate/polymer composites for photodegradation of eosin dye
Authors: Ghali Mariem , Brahmi Chaima , Benltifa Mahmoud , Dumur Frédéric , Duval Sylvain , Simonnet‐Jégat Corine , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Jellali Salah , Bousselmi Latifa , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTNew polyoxometalate (POM)/polymer hybrid composites were prepared by photopolymerization under mild conditions for suitable photocatalytic processes. Polyoxometalates were incorporated in special photosensitive resins, which were photopolymerized under visible light to obtain new materials with photocatalytic activity for dye removal. The synthesized composites were characterized by real‐time FT‐IR, and the photocatalytic ability was investigated on Eosin‐Y removal using photolysis under near UV irradiation. Interestingly, the polyoxometalates keep their photocatalytic properties, while incorporated into the polymeric matrix since very high conversion rates of Eosin‐Y were achieved. Indeed, degradation efficiencies of about 98% and 93% were registered when using H3PMo12O40/polymer and 94% for SiMo12O40(IPh2)4/polymer composites, respectively. These first results reported in this article show that the new synthesized POM/polymer composites could be considered as promising materials for green and more suitable organic dye removal from aqueous solutions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1538–1549
Honeycomb‐like pattern formation on perfluoroethylenepropylene enhanced by plasma treatment
Authors: Slepička Petr , Neznalová Klára , Fajstavr Dominik , Slepičková Kasálková Nikola , Švorčík Václav 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presented paper is aimed on the plasma activation of perfluoroethylenepropylene for construction of honeycomb‐like structures on its surface by dip‐coating technique complemented with phase separation of biopolymer poly‐l‐lactid acid. Surface activation with plasma significantly improved the possibility of successful HCL pattern formation on perfluoroethylenepropylene polymer compared with pristine foil. The idea of surface pretreatment with plasma allowed us to prepare also pattern with different pore dimension, which may have a significant role for cytocompatibility enhancement and growth of specific cells such as osteoblasts. The unique combination of plasma treatment and dip‐coating technique as simple and cheap procedure was confirmed to be a significant tool for honeycomb‐like structure construction.
Plasma codeposition of transparent thin films: Relationship between the surface chemistry and the anti‐fogging property
Authors: Tran Thanh Hien , Debarnot Dominique , Ortiz Jose , Poncin‐Epaillard Fabienne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnti‐fogging coatings are deposited on the polycarbonate thanks to the low pressure pulsed plasma. Two precursors are simultaneously polymerized: One contains hydrophilic groups (2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate or acrylic acid [AA]) whereas the other one (1 H,1 H,2H‐perfluoro‐1‐decene [HDFD]) is hydrophobic. Several proportions of (HDFD) are applied to prepare films with high hexadecane (≈70°) and low water (≤20°) contact angles. Evidence of their hydrophilic, oleophobic properties is given by the wettabillity and the anti‐fogging measurements. It appears that all plasma‐codeposits issued from AA and HDFD with high hexadecane contact angle are more oleophobic than the plasma‐copolymers 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and HDFD, irrespective of the proportion of the fluorinated precursor. Such a behavior is explained by the grafting of longer perfluorinated chains. The anti‐fogging properties are not directly correlated to the wettability. Moreover, the films act as predicted by the flip flop mechanism.
Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of the antifungal antibiotic UK‐2A. III. Impact of modifications to the macrocycle isobutyryl ester position
Authors: Owen W John , Meyer Kevin G , Slanec Thomas J , Meyer Stacy T , Wang Nick X , Fitzpatrick Gina M , Niyaz Noormohamed N , Nugent Jaime , Ricks Michael J , Rogers Richard B , Yao Chenglin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFenpicoxamid (Inatreq™ active), a new fungicide under development by Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, is an isobutyryl acetal derivative of the antifungal antibiotic UK‐2A. SAR studies around the picolinamide ring and benzyl substituents attached at positions 3 and 8, respectively, of the UK‐2A bislactone macrocycle have recently been documented. This study focuses on replacement of the isobutyryl ester group in the 7 position.RESULTSThirty analogs, predominantly esters and ethers, were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport and in vitro growth of Zymoseptoria tritici, Leptosphaeria nodorum, Pyricularia oryzae and Ustilago maydis. Aliphatic substituents containing four to six carbon atoms deliver strong intrinsic activity, the pivaloate ester (IC50 1.44 nM) and the n‐butyl, 1‐Me‐propyl, 3,3‐diMe‐propyl and 2‐c‐propyl propyl ethers (IC50 values = 1.08, 1.14, 1.15 & 1.32 nM, respectively) being the most active derivatives. QSAR modelling identified solvation energy (Esolv) and critical packing parameters (vsurf_CP) as highly significant molecular descriptors for explaining relative intrinsic activity of analogs. Activity translation to fungal growth inhibition and disease control testing was significantly influenced by intrinsic activity and physical properties, the cyclopropanecarboxylate ester (log D 3.67, IC50 3.36 nM, Z. tritici EC50 12 μg L−1) showing the strongest Z. tritici activity in protectant tests.CONCLUSIONSSubstitution of the isobutyryl ester group of UK‐2A generates analogs that retain strong antifungal activity against Z. tritici and other fungi. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A DFT Investigation on the Structure, Spectroscopy (FT‐IR and NMR), Donor‐Acceptor Interactions and Non‐Linear Optic Properties of (±)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine
Authors: Uludağ Nesimi , Serdaroğlu Goncagül 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, (±)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine was analyzed by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, and FT‐IR spectra. Also, because the starting geometry is essential to evaluate the structural, electronic, and spectral properties of this compound, we used the potential energy surface (PES) scan by the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) hybrid functional to determine the stable structures of the (±)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine. Thus, three stable conformations of the compound were used in all of the electronic and spectroscopic simulations performed by the M06‐2X, G96LYP, and B3LYP functionals at the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set in a vacuum and chloroform. After the observed and simulated FT‐IR and NMR data were compared, the second order perturbative theory in the NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) basis was used to interpret the critical donor‐acceptor interactions; the dominant contribution to the lowering of the second order energy for all conformers was the π→ π* and σ→ π* interactions. Also, we used both NLO (Non Linear Optic) and FMO (Frontier Molecular Orbital) analyses to investigate the non‐linear optical property and the biochemical reactivity of the compound. The results of this work demonstrated that the compound has an available non‐linear optical property (β=6.62 x 10−30 esu) that can be used in optoelectronic technology, and, besides, it has biological activity because of its strong intramolecular interactions.
Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Pd‐Cu Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hosseini Sayed Reza , Ghasemi Shahram , Ghasemi Seyedeh Arefeh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, the effects of different types of surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and t‐octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X‐100, TX‐100) were presented on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with Pd−Cu nanoparticles. Firstly, Cu nanoparticles with average diameters at about 80 nm were electro‐deposited at the CPE surface in H2SO4 solution containing CTAB and CuSO4 by potentiostatic method. Then, Pd−Cu bimetallic nanoparticles with diameters at about 75 nm were prepared through galvanic replacement reaction between PdII ions and Cu particles. The synthesized Cu nanoparticles were covered by CTAB in solution and surface tension of the nanoparticles were decreased, and consequently stabilized. Also, the surfactants play different roles on the HER depending on the electrode polarity and surface charges. The electro‐catalytic activity of the Pd−Cu/CPE and nano‐Cu/CPE towards HER was found to be highest in the presence of SDS. The effects of galvanic replacement reaction and type of surfactants on kinetic parameters of the HER such as cathodic electron transfer coefficient and exchange current density were comparatively investigated.
Bayesian Network Resource for Meta‐Analysis: Cellular Toxicity of Quantum Dots
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Oh Eunkeu , Liu Rong , Breger Joyce C. , Medintz Igor L. , Cohen Yoram 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA web‐based resource for meta‐analysis of nanomaterials toxicity is developed whereby the utility of Bayesian networks (BNs) is illustrated for exploring the cellular toxicity of Cd‐containing quantum dots (QDs). BN models are developed based on a dataset compiled from 517 publications comprising 3028 cell viability data samples and 837 IC50values. BN QD toxicity (BN‐QDTox) models are developed using both continuous (i.e., numerical) and categorical attributes. Using these models, the most relevant attributes identified for correlating IC50are: QD diameter, exposure time, surface ligand, shell, assay type, surface modification, and surface charge, with the addition of QD concentration for the cell viability analysis. Data exploration via BN models further enables identification of possible association rules for QDs cellular toxicity. The BN models as web‐based applications can be used for rapid intelligent query of the available body of evidence for a given nanomaterial and can be readily updated as the body of knowledge expands.
August Wöhler (1819 –1914)
Authors: Zenner Harald , Hinkelmann Karsten 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2014 war der 100. Todestag von August Wöhler. Aus diesem Anlass entstand gemeinsam mit dem DVM Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung e.V. ein Buch über A. Wöhler [1], welches die Biografie, seine wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, aber auch übergeordnete Themen wie die industrielle Revolution und die Entwicklung der Technik im 19. Jahrhundert beleuchtet. Nationale und internationale Tagungen zeigten (z. B. [2]), dass diese Themen von großem Interesse sind. Daher wurde nicht zuletzt wegen des 200‐jährigen Geburtstages von A. Wöhler eine englische überarbeitete Fassung veröffentlicht [3].August Wöhler war eine interessante und eigenwillige Persönlichkeit, geprägt durch die Industrialisierung im 19. Jahrhundert und hier insbesondere durch die Entwicklung der Eisenbahn. Die Verbreitung der neuen Technik führte zu zahlreichen Problemen. Schadensfälle an Bauteilen zeigten, dass der bisher durchgeführte Festigkeitsnachweis nicht mehr ausreichte. Brüche entstanden an Achsen, Rädern und Schienen bei Beanspruchungen, die niedriger waren als die statische Bruchfestigkeit des Bauteils. August Wöhler konnte durch systematische Versuche nachweisen, dass wiederholte, also schwingende Beanspruchungen, die weit unterhalb der statischen Festigkeit liegen, zum Bruch führen können und dass die ertragbare Schwingspielzahl bis zum Bruch mit abnehmender Beanspruchungsamplitude zunimmt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Wöhlers Biografie und seine Leistungen.
MicroRNAs meet with quantitative trait loci: Small powerful players in regulating quantitative yield traits in rice
Authors: Peng Ting , Teotia Sachin , Tang Guiliang , Zhao Quanzhi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which regulate various functions related to growth, development, and stress responses in plants and animals. Rice, Oryza sativa, is one of the most important food crops of the world. In rice, a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling yield‐related traits have been identified. Some of them are actually controlled by miRNAs, which control various yield‐related quantitative traits in rice. On one hand, many of these miRNAs are found to regulate more than one yield‐related traits, such as tillering, grain size, and branch number of a panicle. On the other hand, a rice yield‐related trait is usually controlled by multiple miRNAs, for example, grain size being controlled by miR156, miR167, miR396, miR397, and miR1432. In rare case, a single miRNA may specifically regulate only one yield‐related trait, such as, miR444 regulating rice tillering. In this review, we focus on the functions of miRNAs in controlling yield‐related quantitative traits in rice, including panicle grain number, grain weight/size, panicle length and branching, tiller number per plant, spikelet number, seed setting rate, and leaf inclination, and discuss how to modulate the expression of these miRNAs using modern molecular biology tools to promote grain yield.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Measurements of L‐shell X‐ray emission lines of neonlike europium on an electron beam ion trap
Authors: Beiersdorfer Peter , Hell Natalie , Panchenko Dmytro , Brown Greg V. , Träbert Elmar , Kelley Richard L. , Kilbourne Caroline A. , Porter F. Scott 
Published: June 2019

We report a measurement of the two X‐ray transitions that proceed from the
and (1s22s1/22p63p1/2)J  =  1 upper levels to the (1s22s22p6)J  =  0 ground level in neonlike Eu53+ (Z = 63), that is, near the previously documented avoided crossing of the two upper levels at Z = 68. The measurement was carried out using the calorimeter spectrometer on the Livermore EBIT‐I electron beam ion trap. It affirms the trends set by the neighboring neonlike ions both in terms of the relative intensity of the two lines and in terms of the magnitude of disagreement with theoretical energy level predictions.
The scattering suppression of X‐rays with energy of 20–200 keV in spectrometers with Barkla polarizers
Authors: Zhalsaraev Batobolot Zhalsaraevich 
Published: June 2019

The method is proposed for estimating the polarization parameters and the scattering suppression coefficients in energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometers with Barkla polarizers (EDPXRS) for X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The scatter suppression coefficients are estimated accounting primary beam polarization, secondary beams yields, detectors response function, and partial factors. Estimations of scatter suppression coefficients due to polarization do not require the use of Stokes parameters and matrices. The method gives the possibility to make polarization‐related corrections in calculations by XRF theory based on scattering cross sections of unpolarized beams. Calculations clarify early estimations of EDPXRS parameters with Barkla polarizers in the 20–200 keV range. The polarizing ability at δ = 7° deviations varies from 0.973 at 20 keV to 0.863 at 200 keV. The analyzing ability of registration system is about the same. In a simple XRF version on a synchrotron radiation with Barkla polarizer, the scattering can be decreased 60 times at 20 keV and 11 times at 80 keV with δs = 3°. In EDPXRS, the scatter suppression factor varies within 10–4.2 at deviations δ = 10° and within 20–4.8 at δ = 7°. The scatter suppression at low energies is determined by angular factor and background and at high energies is limited by energetic factors.
Biodiversity Healing
Authors: Casetta Elena , Marques da Silva Jorge , Vecchi Davide 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite increasing communication, accelerating policy and management responses, and notwithstanding improving ecosystem assessment and endangered species knowledge, conserving biodiversity continues to be more a concern than an accomplished task. Why is it so? The overexploitation of natural resources by our species is a frequently recognised factor, while the short-term economic interests of governments and stakeholders typically clash with the burdens that implementing conservation actions imply. But this is not the whole story. A different perspective on the problem shall here be considered, by exploring the conceptual and practical challenges posed by conserving biodiversity.
Considering Intra-individual Genetic Heterogeneity to Understand Biodiversity
Authors: Boon Eva 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, I am concerned with the concept of Intra-individual Genetic Hetereogeneity (IGH) and its potential influence on biodiversity estimates. Definitions of biological individuality are often indirectly dependent on genetic sampling -and vice versa. Genetic sampling typically focuses on a particular locus or set of loci, found in the the mitochondrial, chloroplast or nuclear genome. If ecological function or evolutionary individuality can be defined on the level of multiple divergent genomes, as I shall argue is the case in IGH, our current genetic sampling strategies and analytic approaches may miss out on relevant biodiversity. Now that more and more examples of IGH are available, it is becoming possible to investigate the positive and negative effects of IGH on the functioning and evolution of multicellular individuals more systematically. I consider some examples and argue that studying diversity through the lens of IGH facilitates thinking not in terms of units, but in terms of interactions between biological entities. This, in turn, enables a fresh take on the ecological and evolutionary significance of biological diversity.
Probing the Process-Based Approach to Biodiversity: Can Plasticity Lead to the Emergence of Novel Units of Biodiversity?
Authors: Vecchi Davide , Mills Rob 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe history of biology has been characterised by a strong emphasis on the identification of entities (e.g., macromolecules, cells, organisms, species) as fundamental units of our classificatory system. The biological hierarchy can be divided into a series of compositional levels complementing the physical and chemical hierarchy. Given this state of affairs, it is not surprising that biodiversity studies have focused on a “holy trinity” of entities, namely genes, species and ecosystems. In this chapter, we endorse the view that a process-based approach should integrate an entity-based one. The rationale of our endorsement is that a focus on entities does not address whether biological processes have the capacity to create novel, salient units of biodiversity. This alternative focus might therefore have implications for conservation biology. In order to show the relevance of process-based approaches to biodiversity, in this chapter we shall focus on a particular process: phenotypic plasticity. Specifically, we shall describe a model of plasticity that might have implications for how we conceptualise biodiversity units. The hypothesis we want to test is whether plastic subpopulations that have enhanced evolutionary potential vis a vis non-plastic subpopulations make them amenable to evolutionarily significant units (i.e., ESU) status. An understanding of the mechanisms that influence organismic evolution, particularly when under environmental stress, may shed light on the natural “conservability” capacities of populations. We use an abstract computational model that couples plasticity and genetic mutation to investigate how plasticity processes (through the Baldwin effect) can improve the adaptability of a population when faced with novel environmental challenges. We find that there exist circumstances under which plasticity improves adaptability, where multi-locus fitness valleys exist that are uncrossable by non-plastic populations; and the differences in the capacity to adapt between plastic and non-plastic populations become drastic when the environment varies at a great enough rate. If plasticity such as learning provides not only within-lifetime environmental buffering, but also enhances a population’s capacity to adapt to environmental changes, this would, on the one hand, vindicate a process-based approach to biodiversity and, on the other, it would suggest a need to take into account the processes generating plasticity when considering conservation efforts.
Natural Diversity: How Taking the Bio- out of Biodiversity Aligns with Conservation Priorities
Authors: Santana Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe concept of biodiversity, I argue, is poorly suited as an indicator of conservation value. An earlier concept, natural diversity, fits the role better. Natural diversity is broader than biodiversity not only in moving beyond taxonomic categories to encompass other patterns in the tapestry of life, but also in including abiotic, but valuable, aspects of nature. It encompasses, for instance, geological curiosities, natural entities of historical and cultural significance, and parts of nature with unique recreational and aesthetic value. It allows us to capture the idea of a diversity of ecosystem services, many of which are abiotic or have significant abiotic components. I make the case that refocusing conservation science around natural diversity retains many of benefits of using biodiversity as an indicator of value, while avoiding many of biodiversity’s shortcomings. In particular, it provides a framework that highlights the conservation value of many biodiversity “coldspots,” avoids the injustice of making conservation primarily the responsibility of the global south/developing world, and fits more neatly with the legal and ethical frameworks used to make conservation decisions in the public sphere.
The Hidden Biodiversity Data Retained in Pre-Linnaean Works: A Case Study with Two Important XVII Century Italian Entomologists
Authors: Andrietti Francesco , Polidori Carlo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBefore Linnaeus published the Systema Naturae, in which introduced the modern species concept, a huge amount of information on ecology, behaviour and diversity of many animals had been accumulated. This information, often extremely detailed, suffers from the lack of the assignation of the studied organisms to their modern specific names. Here, we examine in detail the works of Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730), one of the most important figures of early experimental entomology in Italy. We analyse the ecological and ethological contributions of Vallisneri, as well as those that Diacinto Cestoni (1637–1718), another Italian naturalist, sent to Vallisneri, to the knowledge of parasitoid, predatory and gall-making wasps (Hymenoptera), by studying the Saggio de’ Dialoghi sopra la curiosa origine di molti Insetti and the Quaderni di Osservazioni I-III, trying to assign current taxonomy to the observed insects based on eco-ethological and morphological descriptions. Valuable data have been found in the analysed works on taxonomically diverse ecological webs involving wasps. Information regarded a variety of hymenopteran parasitoids of other Hymenoptera, dipteran parasitoids of Hymenoptera, coleopteran parasitoids of Hymenoptera, and hymenopteran parasitoids associated with non-hymenopteran hosts. Overall, about 20 wasp genera could have been objects of Vallisneri and Cestoni observations, which include the first detailed ecological and ethological data on many of them. Detailed re-examinations of ancient studies may contribute to our knowledge on biodiversity by providing historical distribution data as well as unveiling trophic interactions that may have been modified due to biodiversity loss in the last century.