bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of serious mental illness on the treatment and mortality of older patients with locoregional high‐grade (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer: retrospective cohort analysis of 49 985 SEER‐Medicare patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2013
Authors: Fried Dennis A. , Sadeghi‐Nejad Hossein , Gu Dian , Zhou Shouhao , He Weiguo , Giordano Sharon H. , Pentakota Sri Ram , Demissie Kitaw , Helmer Drew , Shen Chan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of serious mental illness (SMI) on the treatment and survival of patients with high‐grade prostate cancer is not well understood. We compared the initial cancer treatment and cancer‐specific mortality of SEER‐Medicare patients with locoregional high‐grade (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer with and without preexisting SMI.MethodsWe identified SEER‐Medicare patients who were 67 years of age or older diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 with locoregional high‐grade (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer. Preexisting SMI was identified by claims indicative of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorder, during the 2 years before cancer diagnosis. We used multivariable binary logistic regression to examine associations between SMI and receipt of surgery or radiation concurrent with hormone therapy (definitive initial treatment) within 1 year after cancer diagnosis. We used Kaplan‐Meier survival curves, as well as Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models to evaluate unadjusted and adjusted associations between SMI and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival.ResultsAmong 49 985 patients with locoregional high‐grade (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer, 523 (1.1%) had SMI and 49 462 (98.9%) had no SMI. Overall, SMI was associated with reduced odds of receiving surgery (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49‐0.89) or radiation concurrent with hormone therapy (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67‐0.98) as initial treatments in the year after cancer diagnosis. Additionally, SMI was associated with higher hazard of 5‐year cancer‐specific death (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.89) after accounting for competing risks of non‐cancer death.ConclusionAmong SEER‐Medicare patients with locoregional high‐grade (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer, those with preexisting SMI—relative to those without these conditions—were less likely to receive definitive initial treatment in the year after diagnosis and had poorer cancer‐specific survival 5 years after diagnosis.
Screening of MSI detection loci and their heterogeneity in East Asian colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Bai Wenqi , Ma Jinfeng , Liu Yangyang , Liang Jing , Wu Yueqin , Yang Xuanqin , Xu Enwei , Li Yan , Xi Yanfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to screen the MSI detection loci suitable for the East Asian colorectal cancer patients. and explore its intratumoral heterogeneity.MethodsA total of 271 pathological tissues specimens of colorectal cancer were collected. The MSI status was detected using different PCR reagent kits with different detection loci. Then, the results were compared with the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining results. Microdissection of pathological tissues specimens detected to be MSI‐H was performed to examine whether there was intratumoral heterogeneity of MSI status.ResultsThirty‐nine out of 271 cases were dMMR. dMMR occurred mostly in patients with right‐hemi colon cancer (P < 0.0001). Compared with dMMR patients, the clinical stages of pMMR patients were more inclined to be in the late stage with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001). MSI‐H tumors were significantly associated with KRAS mutation (P = 0.036) and PD‐L1 expression (P = 0.038). Compared with Promega panel and 24‐locus detection, the consistency between NCI MSI panel and IHC staining results were the highest with the Kappa value of 0.850. The sensitivity of detection decreased from 87.18% to 56.41% with the increase in detection loci. Single locus analysis showed that the first two loci with the highest sensitivity were both mononucleotide loci, namely, BAT‐26 (95.45%) and BAT‐25 (86.36%). The dinucleotide locus with highest sensitivity was D2S123 (50%). The main detection loci of MSI‐H showed no intratumoral heterogeneity.ConclusionThe combination of 2 mononucleotide loci (BAT25, BAT26) and 3 dinucleotide loci (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) might be the most suitable loci for MSI detection in East Asian population. There is no intratumoral heterogeneity in the main MSI loci.
Treatment of false‐negative metastatic lymph nodes by a lymphatic drug delivery system with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Fujii Honoka , Horie Sachiko , Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Mishra Radhika , Sakamoto Maya , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetastatic lymph nodes (LNs) may be the origin of systemic metastases. It will be important to develop a strategy that prevents systemic metastasis by treating these LNs at an early stage. False‐negative metastatic LNs, which are found during the early stage of metastasis development, are those that contain tumor cells but have a size and shape similar to LNs that do not host tumor cells. Here, we show that 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), delivered by means of a novel lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS), can treat LNs with false‐negative metastases in a mouse model. The effects of 5‐FU on four cell lines were investigated using in vitro cytotoxicity and cell survival assays. The therapeutic effects of LDDS‐administered 5‐FU on false‐negative metastatic LNs were evaluated using bioluminescence imaging, high‐frequency ultrasound (US), and histology in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. These experimental animals develop LNs that are similar in size to human LNs. We found that all cell lines showed sensitivity to 5‐FU in the in vitro assays. Furthermore, a concentration‐dependent effect of 5‐FU to inhibit tumor growth was observed in tumor cells with low invasive growth characteristics, although a significant reduction in metastatic LN volume was not detected in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. Adverse effects of 5‐FU were not detected. 5‐Fluorouracil administration with a LDDS is an effective treatment method for false‐negative metastatic LNs. We anticipate that the delivery of anticancer drugs by a LDDS will be of great benefit in the prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis via LNs.
Enantiomeric Polyketides from the Starfish‐Derived Symbiotic Fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16‐1‐2
Authors: Wei Xia , Feng Chan , Li Xiao‐Hui , Mao Xing‐Xin , Luo Hai‐Bin , Zhang Dong‐Mei , Rong Li , Xie Zhen‐Yu , Yu Xin , Li Jie , Ye Wen‐Cai , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Cui‐Xian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne new racemic mixture, penicilliode A (1) and four pairs of enantiomeric polyketides, penicilliode B and C (2 and 3) and coniochaetone B and C (4 and 5), were obtained from the starfish‐derived symbiotic fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16‐1‐2. Interestingly, the strain GGF16‐1‐2 can produce enantiomers. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the absolute configurations of 2–4 were determined by the optical rotation (OR) values and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1–5 were firstly isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Penicillium as racemates, and 2–5 were separated by HPLC with a chiral stationary phase. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, cytotoxic and inhibitory activities against PDE4D2.
Interlayer Expanded SnS2 Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanosheets with Enhanced Potassium Storage
Authors: Cao Liang , Zhang Bao , Ou Xing , Wang Chunhui , Peng Chunli , Zhang Jiafeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are promising candidates to substitute lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) as large‐scale energy storage devices. However, developing suitable anode materials is still a great challenge that has limited the anticipated application of PIBs. Herein, the interlayer expanded SnS2 nanocrystals anchored on nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets (SnS2@NC) are synthesized following a facile one‐step hydrothermal strategy. Relying on the exquisite nanostructure with larger interlayer spacing, the K+ ions diffusion and charge transfer will be accelerated. In addition, the intense coupling interaction between nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets and SnS2 can endow a sturdy nanostructure, avoiding the collapse and aggregation of SnS2 nanocrystals upon cycling. Based on the above merits, the as‐prepared SnS2@NC anode exhibits improved electrochemical performanc (desirable rate capability of 206.7 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and advanced cyclic property of 262.5 mAh g−1, while after 100 cycles at 500 mA g−1). More importantly, multistep reactions of K+ storage mechanism combining with intercalation, conversion and alloying reactions are clearly illustrated by combined in‐situ XRD measurement and ex‐situ TEM detection. This strategy of enhancing K+ storage performances has a great potential for other electrode materials.
Turning Catalysts on by Light‐Induced Stress: When Red Means Go
Authors: Latyshev Vitalii , Shylenko Oleg , Bilanych Vitalij , Stamenkovic Vojislav , Rizak Vasyl , Feher Alexander , Kovalcikova Alexandra , Komanicky Vladimir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the activation of platinum catalyst thin films for oxygen reduction reaction in perchloric acid electrolytes when the films are subjected to mechanical stress. The catalysts films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on photosensitive chalcogenide As20Se80 semiconductor glass layer. When platinum films are illuminated by red laser light the glass under semitransparent platinum film exhibits photo‐induced flow. The material flow underneath platinum film induces mechanical stress resulting in film wrinkling and significant increase in its catalytic activity.
Synthesis of Chiral Labtb and Visualization of Its Enantiomeric Excess by Induced Circular Dichroism Imaging
Authors: Yamada Teppei , Eguchi Toshiki , Wakiyama Taro , Narushima Tetsuya , Okamoto Hiromi , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCrystalline particles of a microporous, robust, and chiral metal–organic framework (MOF) were synthesized and their enantiomer excess (ee) was visualized for each microparticle by CD imaging. Labtb, a thermally and chemically robust MOF, was employed in this study because it shows a chiral space group. Although Labtb has been obtained as a racemic conglomerate, enantioselective synthesis of Labtb was achieved via a chiral precursor complex consisting of lanthanum and homochiral phenylalanine. Methyl orange (MO) was introduced into the micropores of chiral Labtb, which showed a strong induced CD signal for the absorption band of MO chromophores. High ee of the chiral Labtb was revealed by microscopic CD observation at the particle‐level. This result provides a facile way to obtain a robust MOF that has chiral nanospace.
Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by Oxidative NHC Catalysis
Authors: Di Carmine Graziano , Ragno Daniele , Brandolese Arianna , Bortolini Olga , Pecorari Daniel , Sabuzi Federica , Mazzanti Andrea , Massi Alessandro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe unprecedented desymmetrization of prochiral dialdehydes catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes under oxidative conditions was applied to the highly enantioselective synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines (DHPs) starting from 3,5‐dicarbaldehyde substrates. Synthetic elaboration of the resulting 5‐formyl‐1,4‐DHP‐3‐carboxylates allowed for access to the class of pharmaceutically relevant 1,4‐DHP‐3,5‐dicarboxylates (Hantzsch esters). DFT calculations suggested that the enantioselectivity of the process is determined by the transition state involving the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by the external quinone oxidant.
Chrysene‐Bridged Porphyrin Tweezers: Chiral Receptors for Fullerenes
Authors: Mori Shigeki , Kawamoto Naoki , Uno Hidemitsu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBis(bicyclic) molecules dimethanochrysene and diethanochrysene were prepared by Diels‐Alder reaction of the naphthodiyne equivalent with cyclopentadiene and 1,3‐cyclohexadiene, respectively. Reaction of dimethanochrysene and 7,9‐diphenyl‐8H‐cyclopent[a]acenaphthylen‐8‐one resulted in the generation of a fluorescent hydrocarbon in unexpected multistep pericyclic reactions. Syn‐oriented diethanochrysene‐connected bisporphyrin tweezers was prepared from the reaction of chrysene‐bridged syn‐dipyrrole with tripyrranedicarbaldehyde. The structure of the receptor and its 1 : 1 complex with C60 or C70 was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The dihedral angles of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene moieties were narrowed by complexation of the receptor with the fullerenes. The binding affinities of the tweezers with C60 and C70 were calculated to be 2.7(4)×104 and 8.01(7)×104 M−1, respectively by UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Dual Colorimetric/Fluorometric Double‐Throw pH‐Switches: The Dimroth Rearrangement of N,9‐Diaryl 8‐Azaadenines
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Shichao , Gao Jingshuo , Wu Xueting , Deng Jiajie , Zhang Linmeng , Yu Zhipeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA library of 12N,9‐Diaryl 2‐methyl‐8‐azaadenine (DAMA) compounds was designed and constructed through an aryl‐pairing combination strategy for identifying a nucleobase‐containing molecular switch that functions by the pH‐regulated Dimroth rearrangement. By utilizing 2D thin‐layer chromatography/mass spectrometry (2D‐TLC‐MS), the DAMA compounds were easily screened to identify which compounds could be used as molecular switches. The pH‐switching ability of the DAMA was achieved by incorporating the acridine group as the key structural unit, as well as dual‐modal colorimetric/fluorometric on/off properties as the probe functions. The real‐time tracing of the switching process clearly indicated that the paired aromatics on both terminals of the DAMA molecule play a key role in tuning the switching kinetics.
DSM‐5 eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population‐based study
Authors: Bisset Matthew , Rinehart Nicole , Sciberras Emma 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased eating disorder symptoms, yet little research examining this association has taken a diagnostic approach using a population‐based sample. This cross‐sectional study examined differences in DSM‐5 eating disorder symptoms and partial‐syndrome diagnoses at 14–15 years of age in adolescents with and without ADHD in a population‐based sample.MethodThis study uses data from waves 1, 5 and 6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N = 2,672). ADHD (6.9%) was defined at 12–13 years of age by both parent‐ and teacher‐reported hyperactivity‐inattention scores ≥90th percentile on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, parent‐reported ADHD diagnosis, and/or ADHD medication treatment. Adolescents reported eating disorder symptoms at 14–15 years of age via the Branched Eating Disorders Test.ResultsBoys with ADHD had greater odds of regular objective binge eating than boys without ADHD (OR: 9.4; 95% CI: 1.7–52.8; p = .01). Groups did not differ in prevalence of any other eating disorder symptoms or partial‐syndrome diagnoses.DiscussionBoys with ADHD appear to be at a greater risk of regular binge eating classified by DSM‐5 criteria at 14–15 years of age. Overall, the risk for eating disorder symptoms and partial‐syndrome diagnoses in adolescents with ADHD does not appear to be high at 14–15 years of age when using DSM‐5 criteria with population‐based sampling.
The use of DNA barcodes to estimate phylogenetic diversity in forest communities of southern China
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Liu Juan , Shan You-Xia , Ge Xue‐Jun , Burgess Kevin S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo elucidate potential ecological and evolutionary processes associated with the assembly of plant communities, there is now widespread use of estimates of phylogenetic diversity that are based on a variety of DNA barcode regions and phylogenetic construction methods. However, relatively few studies consider how estimates of phylogenetic diversity may be influenced by single DNA barcodes incorporated into a sequence matrix (conservative regions vs. hypervariable regions) and the use of a backbone family‐level phylogeny. Here, we use general linear mixed‐effects models to examine the influence of different combinations of core DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, ITS, and ITS2) and phylogeny construction methods on a series of estimates of community phylogenetic diversity for two subtropical forest plots in Guangdong, southern China. We ask: (a) What are the relative influences of single DNA barcodes on estimates phylogenetic diversity metrics? and (b) What is the effect of using a backbone family‐level phylogeny to estimate topology‐based phylogenetic diversity metrics? The combination of more than one barcode (i.e., rbcL + matK + ITS) and the use of a backbone family‐level phylogeny provided the most parsimonious explanation of variation in estimates of phylogenetic diversity. The use of a backbone family‐level phylogeny showed a stronger effect on phylogenetic diversity metrics that are based on tree topology compared to those that are based on branch lengths. In addition, the variation in the estimates of phylogenetic diversity that was explained by the top‐rank models ranged from 0.1% to 31% and was dependent on the type of phylogenetic community structure metric. Our study underscores the importance of incorporating a multilocus DNA barcode and the use of a backbone family‐level phylogeny to infer phylogenetic diversity, where the type of DNA barcode employed and the phylogenetic construction method used can serve as a significant source of variation in estimates of phylogenetic community structure.
Quality function deployment modified for the food industry: An example of a granola bar
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Yun , Hsiao Hsin‐I , Sung Wen‐Chieh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractApplying quality function deployment (QFD) in the food industry is complex. The objective of this study was to provide a modified QFD approach to facilitate its use and test it on a granola bar. A 7‐step model is proposed (modified from the 9‐step sensory attributes model) incorporating competitive analysis to acquire final importance ratings of customer needs, the application of fuzzy logic in surveys and interviews, and replacing precise value of relative technical ratings by priority rankings. The 7‐step model starts with understanding customer needs (WHATs) and prioritizing their importance based on the customer survey and competitive analysis, followed by identification of product's sensory attributes (HOWs) and the strength of their relationship with customer needs. Lastly, relative technical ratings—to develop priority rankings for the product development team—are determined based on the degree of importance of the WHATs and the strength of the relationships between the WHATs and the HOWs. Testing the 7‐step model on granola bars showed that the relative technical ratings reflected the majority of customer needs and the importance they attached to those needs.
The expression profiling of circulating miR‐204, miR‐182, and lncRNA H19 as novel potential biomarkers for the progression of peptic ulcer to gastric cancer
Authors: Mohamed Waleed A. , Schaalan Mona F. , Ramadan Basma 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeregulation of noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), are implicated in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). This study is a pilot case‐control study carried out on 75 subjects, 40 of them were Helicobacter pylori‐gastric ulcer patients and 35 were GC patients recruited from the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit in Al‐Kasr Al‐Aini Hospital, Cairo University in Egypt. Real‐time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression level of serum miR‐204, miR‐182, and lncRNA H19 in patients with peptic ulcer‐progressed GC vs nonprogressed peptic ulcer patients. Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF‐18)/FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression and their downstream immunological and inflammatory signaling markers were assessed and their association with the addressed noncoding RNAs investigated. As regards miR‐204 and miR‐182, they were significantly increased (12.5 and 2.6 folds, respectively) in GU samples, compared with those of healthy control levels. The elevated levels of these miRNAs were significantly de‐escalated in GC samples compared with GU and the fold decrease valued 2.2 fold for miR‐204 and 1.8 folds for miR‐182. On the other hand, the significant escalation in the level of lnRNA H19 in GU recorded a 16.6 fold increase and further elevation in its levels was evident in GC samples. The herein assessed miRNAs are correlated with disease duration and FGFR2 with miR‐182 being significantly correlated with all inflammatory markers, TAC, INF‐γ, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and FGF‐18. In terms of diagnostic accuracy of assessed miRNAs (stages III to IV), the receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that serum lncRNA H19 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (95.5%), specificity (100%), and sensitivity (90.9%), compared with miR‐204 and miR‐182, which showed the same specificity (60%), sensitivity (72.7%), and diagnostic accuracy (68.8%). Our findings conclude that lnRNA H19, miR‐204, and miR‐182 may function as novel prospective plasma biomarkers to detect GC and its progression from H. pylori‐peptic ulcer, which would be helpful to improve the theranostics of GC.
Platycodin D protects cortical neurons against oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Wang Guifang , Guo Hongxiang , Wang Xiaofang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy is one of the leading causes of death in infants. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress and apoptosis are major contributors to hypoxic‐ischemic injury and can be used as particularly promising therapeutic targets. Platycodin D (PLD) is a triterpenoid saponin that exhibits antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PLD on hypoxic‐ischemic injury in primary cortical neurons. We found that oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced inhibition of cell viability and cytotoxicity, which were attenuated by PLD treatment. PLD treatment inhibited oxidative stress induced by OGD/R, which was evidenced by the reduced level of reactive oxygen species and increased activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Histone‐DNA enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed that apoptosis was significantly decreased after PLD treatment in OGD/R‐treated cortical neurons. The increased bax expression and decreased bcl‐2 expression induced by OGD/R were reversed by PLD treatment. Furthermore, PLD treatment caused the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in OGD/R‐stimulated cortical neurons. Suppression of this pathway blocked the protective effects of PLD on OGD/R‐induced cell injury. These findings suggested that PLD executes its protective effects on OGD/R‐induced cell injury via regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in cortical neurons.