bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesuburan Tambak di Bontang Kuala Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Pagoray Henny , Udayana Deni 
Published: August 2019

Tambak merupakan salah satu habitat yang dipergunakan sebagai tempat untuk kegiatan budidaya air payau di daerah pesisir. Kegiatan budidaya yang dilakukan mengalami masalah. Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi petambak di Bontang Kuala saat ini adalah penurunan produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengindentifikasi kondisi tambak yang berhubungan dengan kesuburan tambak, yaitu secara fisik, kimia dan biologi, dan analisis kualitas tanah. Metode penelitian yaitu dengan menganisis kualitas air secara in situ dan exsitu. Parameter yang dianalisis secara in situ yaitu: suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, salinitas; sedangkan parameter yang dianalisis di laboratorium yaitu: TDS, NO3, NO2 dan NH4, pH tanah, bahan organik, N, P tanah, sedangkan untuk melihat keanekaragaman plankton dilakukan pengambilan sampel air untuk indentifikasi di laboratorium. Hasil analisis kualitas air dibandingkan dengan baku mutu lingkungan Prov.Kaltim No.339 Tahun 1988 (Baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut, budidaya perikanan). Kualitas air secara fisik dan kimia masih sesuai dengan standar untuk budidaya, bahan organik tanah tinggi sedangkan secara biologi keanekaragan plankton termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
Can Bioethics Protect the Holders of Compromised Decisional Competence?
Authors: Domingues Vania Novelli , Monteiro M.D. , Cordero J.A.C. Da Silva , Rego G. 
Published: August 2019

Background This article aims to address questions related to the protection of rights of holders of compromised decisional competence, to make decisions, especially for its condition of vulnerability in relation to the other members of the human community to which they belong to, in access to the preservation of their dignity.
Methods and Findings Although Bioethics has been increasingly evolving in plural and secular democratic societies, gaps and conflicts deserve a special reflection which can result in new paths and solutions for those with limitations in their abilities of understanding and determine according to this understanding, making decisions that may not translate a reflected decision about the health care they can undergo, as well as participation in scientific research and other issues involving their health and their bodies.
Conclusions This work recommends a greater appreciation of patient autonomy, as well as embracing the Advance Directive of Will in the western world, with some limitations encountered, and some suggestions offered.
EvryFlare. I. Long-term Evryscope Monitoring of Flares from the Cool Stars across Half the Southern Sky
Authors: Howard Ward S. , Corbett Hank , Law Nicholas M. , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Glazier Amy , Fors Octavi , Ser Daniel del , Haislip Joshua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We search for superflares from 4068 cool stars in 2+ yr of Evryscope photometry, focusing on those with high-cadence data from both Evryscope and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The Evryscope array of small telescopes observed 575 flares from 284 stars, with a median energy of 1034.0 erg. Since 2016, Evryscope has enabled the detection of rare events from all stars observed by TESS through multi-year, high-cadence continuous observing. We report around twice the previous largest number of 1034 erg high-cadence flares from nearby cool stars. We find eight flares with amplitudes of 3+ g′ magnitudes, with the largest reaching 5.6 mag and releasing 1036.2 erg. We observe a 1034 erg superflare from TOI-455 (LTT 1445), a mid-M with a rocky planet candidate. We measure the superflare rate per flare-star and quantify the average flaring of active stars as a function of spectral type, including superflare rates, flare frequency distributions, and typical flare amplitudes in g′. We confirm superflare morphology is broadly consistent with magnetic reconnection. We estimate starspot coverage necessary to produce superflares, and hypothesize maximum allowed superflare energies and waiting times between flares corresponding to 100% coverage of the stellar hemisphere. We observe decreased flaring at high Galactic latitudes. We explore the effects of superflares on ozone loss to planetary atmospheres: we observe one superflare with sufficient energy to photodissociate all ozone in an Earth-like atmosphere in one event. We find 17 stars that may deplete an Earth-like atmosphere via repeated flaring. Of the 1822 stars around which TESS may discover temperate rocky planets, we observe 14.6% ± 2% emit large flares.
The Evolution of the Electron Number Density in the Coma of Comet 67P at the Location of Rosetta from 2015 November through 2016 March
Authors: Vigren E. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Galand M. , Henri P. , Johansson F. L. , Odelstad E. , Rubin M. , Valliéres X. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A comet ionospheric model assuming the plasma moves radially outward with the same bulk speed as the neutral gas and not being subject to severe reduction through dissociative recombination has previously been tested in a series of case studies associated with the Rosetta mission at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. It has been found that at low activity and within several tens of kilometers from the nucleus such models (which originally were developed for such conditions) generally work well in reproducing observed electron number densities, in particular when plasma production through both photoionization and electron-impact ionization is taken into account. Near perihelion, case studies have, on the contrary, shown that applying similar assumptions overestimates the observed electron number densities at the location of Rosetta. Here we compare Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis/Comet Pressure sensor-driven model results with Rosetta Plasma Consortium/Mutual Impedance Probe-derived electron number densities for an extended time period (2015 November through 2016 March) during the postperihelion phase with southern summer/spring. We observe a gradual transition from a state when the model grossly overestimates (by more than a factor of 10) the observations to being in reasonable agreement during 2016 March.
Actinide-rich and Actinide-poor r-process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars Do Not Require Separate r-process Progenitors
Authors: Holmbeck Erika M. , Frebel Anna , McLaughlin G. C. , Mumpower Matthew R. , Sprouse Trevor M. , Surman Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The astrophysical production site of the heaviest elements in the universe remains a mystery. Incorporating heavy-element signatures of metal-poor, r-process-enhanced stars into theoretical studies of r-process production can offer crucial constraints on the origin of heavy elements. In this study, we introduce and apply the “actinide-dilution with matching” model to a variety of stellar groups, ranging from actinide-deficient to actinide-enhanced, to empirically characterize r-process ejecta mass as a function of electron fraction. We find that actinide-boost stars do not indicate the need for a unique and separate r-process progenitor. Rather, small variations of neutron richness within the same type of r-process event can account for all observed levels of actinide enhancements. The very low-Y

e
, fission-cycling ejecta of an r-process event need only constitute 10%–30% of the total ejecta mass to accommodate most actinide abundances of metal-poor stars. We find that our empirical Y

e
distributions of ejecta are similar to those inferred from studies of GW170817 mass ejecta ratios, which is consistent with neutron-star mergers being a source of the heavy elements in metal-poor, r-process-enhanced stars.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. VIII. The Low-energy Cutoff
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Kontar Eduard P. , Jeffrey Natasha L. S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the key problems in solar flare physics is the determination of the low-energy cut-off: the value that determines the energy of nonthermal electrons and hence flare energetics. We discuss different approaches to determine the low-energy cut-off in the spectrum of accelerated electrons: (i) the total electron number model, (ii) the time-of-flight model (based on the equivalence of the time-of-flight and the collisional deflection time), (iii) the warm target model of Kontar et al., and (iv) the model of the spectral cross-over between thermal and nonthermal components. We find that the first three models are consistent with a low-energy cutoff with a mean value of ≈10 keV, while the cross-over model provides an upper limit for the low-energy cutoff with a mean value of ≈21 keV. Combining the first three models we find that the ratio of the nonthermal energy to the dissipated magnetic energy in solar flares has a mean value of q

E
= 0.57 ± 0.08, which is consistent with an earlier study based on the simplified approximation of the warm target model alone (q

E
= 0.51 ± 0.17). This study corroborates the self-consistency between three different low-energy cutoff models in the calculation of nonthermal flare energies.
Les choix stratégiques d’investissement responsable forment-ils l’assurance d’un management durable ?
Authors: Bou Orm Bahaa , Jahmane Abderrahman , van Hoorebeke Delphine 
Published: August 2019

Responsabilité sociale des entreprises, management durable, gouvernance, investissement socialement responsable (ISR) ces différents termes se rapportent-ils réellement aux mêmes fondements ? Ce questionnement fait l’œuvre de nombreux articles, de nombreuses conférences et discussions depuis de nombreuses années. Une analyse de données secondaires fournies par l’agence de notation MSCI ESG Research, cherche à démontrer les liens de causalité entre management durable, dans son acception de base, et l’investissement socialement responsable. Peut-on envisager que le choix d’investir dans le « responsable » reflète un comportement managérial responsable et durable dans les actions et les choix internes, au regard de l’analyse de données extra-financières ? Les résultats dessinent un schéma classique décrit par la littérature. Ce résultat est discuté en vue d’atteindre un schéma plus favorable au management responsable.
Crise de la microfinance et scoring de crédit : application d’un modèle Logit des PME dans le système de microcrédit du Nord-Kivu
Authors: Kapitene Marcel Héritier 
Published: August 2019

La microfinance congolaise a connu une montée fulgurante au cours des années 2000. Bien plus répandue dans le Nord-Kivu, elle a connu une décadence que certains ont rapidement qualifiée de « crise de la microfinance en RDC », faisant référence aux turbulences des grandes places financières internationales de 2007 à 2008, voire 2009. En substance, les institutions de microfinance étaient en décalage avec les temps et les pratiques. Nombre d’entre elles ont été confrontées à la multiplication d’agences et à des volumes massifs de prêts, sans avoir préalablement mesuré l’impact d’autant de risques pris sur leurs portefeuilles. La plupart d’entre elles ont fait faillite, notamment en raison de la faiblesse de leur gestion, mais aussi d’autres risques inhérents à l’économie de guerre de l’est de la RDC – la contagion rentrée par l’accumulation des défaillances des crédits à court-terme octroyés aux PME, ainsi que la fragilité dans la mise en œuvre des normes prudentielles nationales. Ce papier tente de comprendre les faits à la base de la « crise de la microfinance en RDC » et propose un scoring de prédiction de défaut de crédit par un Logit pour les PME au sein des ISFD.
El arte patrimonial como puente entre el centro penitenciario y la escuela rural: una mirada intercultural
Authors: Pino-Alonso David , Sandoval Rodolfo , Cortés Natalia , Roca Ramón 
Published: August 2019

Cet article porte sur les implications éducatives d’un projet de mise en valeur du patrimoine artistique dont l’objectif est de relever les principales expressions artistiques du patrimoine de la région du Maule au Chili. Celles-ci sont cultivées par des détenus et des anciens détenus d’un centre pénitentiaire de la même localité. Depuis une approche interculturelle, il est possible de comprendre ces expressions comme un mécanisme efficace de réinsertion sociale et comme un moyen de communication entre la réalité de centres pénitentiaires et des écoles placées en zones rurales : deux espaces caricaturés comme étant marginaux et, généralement, peu visibles dans des centres régionaux d’information et de culture. De cette façon, on cherche également à explorer les idées (pré) conçues des élèves autour de l’espace social pénitentiaire et le niveau de mise en valeur de leur propre patrimoine tangible à partir du regard d’un autre, situé en dehors de son espace de proximité.
Perceived Level and Sources of Stress in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Beck Deborah L , Srivastava Rani 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of level and sources of stress in nursing students in the various years of the baccalaureate nursing program by identifying the general level of physiological and psychological health, identifying the levels of stress experienced by students in second-, third-, and fourth-year nursing and by identifying the areas that are perceived as being particularly stressful.
The method was a descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 94 baccalaureate nursing students. Data were collected using two questionnaires - the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Stress Inventory. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, t-tests, content analysis, measures of correlation, and analysis of variance.
Results showed that the students experienced high stress levels and that they are at risk of having a physical or psychiatric illness. Analysis was done splitting the groups by student status, i.e., RN or generic. Results showed that while both groups are stressed, the generic students report significantly higher levels of stress. Sources of stress also were identified and reported in this article.
Basal Hormones and Biochemical Markers as Predictors of Overtraining Syndrome in Male Athletes: The EROS-BASAL Study
Authors: Cadegiani Flavio A. , Kater Claudio E. 
Published: August 2019

Context
Overtraining syndrome (OTS) and related conditions cause decreased training performance and fatigue through an imbalance among training volume, nutrition, and recovery time. No definitive biochemical markers of OTS currently exist.

Objective
To compare muscular, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters among OTS-affected athletes, healthy athletes, and sedentary controls.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifty-one men aged 18 to 50 years (14 OTS-affected athletes [OTS group], 25 healthy athletes [ATL group], and 12 healthy sedentary participants [NCS group]), with a body mass index of 20 to 30.0 kg/m2 (sedentary) or 20 to 33.0 kg/m2 (athletes), recruited through social media. All 39 athletes performed both endurance and resistance sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We measured total testosterone, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyronine, total and fractioned catecholamines and metanephrines, lactate, ferritin, creatinine, creatine kinase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, hemogram, and testosterone : estradiol, testosterone : cortisol, neutrophil : lymphocyte, platelet: lymphocyte, and catecholamine : metanephrine ratios. Each parameter was statistically analyzed through 3-group comparisons, and whenever P &lt; .05, pairwise comparisons were performed (OTS × ATL, OTS × NCS, and ATL × NCS).

Results
Neutrophils and testosterone were lower in the OTS group than in the ATL group but similar between the OTS and NCS groups. Creatine kinase, lactate, estradiol, total catecholamines, and dopamine were higher in the OTS group than in the ATL and NCS groups, whereas the testosterone : estradiol ratio was lower, even after adjusting for all variables. Lymphocytes were lower in the ATL group than in the OTS and NCS groups. The ATL and OTS groups trained with the same intensity, frequency, and types of exercise.

Conclusions
At least in males, OTS was typified by increased estradiol, decreased testosterone, overreaction of muscle tissue to physical exertion, and immune system changes, with deconditioning effects of the adaptive changes observed in healthy athletes.
Athletic Trainers' Practice Patterns Regarding Medical Documentation
Authors: Eberman Lindsey E. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Nottingham Sara L. , Kasamatsu Tricia M. , Bacon Cailee E. Welch 
Published: August 2019

Context
Medical documentation is a required component of patient care in all health care professions.

Objective
To evaluate athletic trainers' perceived behaviors toward, barriers to, and confidence in their medical documentation.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
We purchased a list of randomly selected e-mails from the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Of the 9578 participants, 1150 accessed our questionnaire (12.0% access rate), 1053 completed at least 1 portion, and 904 completed the questionnaire in its entirety (85.8% completion rate). Of the participants, 60.1% (n = 569/947) were female, 66.6% (n = 632/949) held a master's degree, 39.3% (n = 414/1053) worked in a collegiate or university setting, and 36.1% (n = 381/1053) worked in a secondary school setting.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We used a 31-item questionnaire with demographics (12 items), medical documentation behaviors (16 items), barriers (2 items), and perceptions (1 multipart item) sections. The questionnaire explored athletic trainers' behaviors as well as confidence in, comfort with, and concerns about their documentation practices (Cronbach α = 0.887). We used descriptive statistics to identify characteristics of central tendency (mean, standard deviation, mode, frequency).

Results
Participants always (45.7%, n = 478/1046) or very frequently (39.0%, n = 408/1046) used a double documentation system consisting of electronic and paper records (50.4%, n = 523/1038). They most often documented to provide legal protection (86.8%, n = 914/1053), because it is a legal obligation (79.1%, n = 833/1053), or to track patient progress (83.9%, n = 883/1053). The most frequently cited barriers to medical documentation were time (76.5%, n = 806/1053), managing too many patients (51.9%, n = 547/1053), technological concerns (17.2%, n = 181/1053), and software limitations (17.2%, n = 181/1053). Respondents believed they were competent, comfortable, and confident in their documentation practices.

Conclusions
We were able to evaluate the generalizability of previous research while adding to the understanding of the behaviors toward, barriers to, and perceptions about medical documentation. We confirmed that time and patient load affected the ability to perform high-quality medical documentation.
Identifying Meaningful Patient Outcomes After Lower Extremity Injury, Part 1: Patient Experiences During Recovery
Authors: Majewski-Schrage Tricia , Evans Todd A. , Snyder Kelli R. 
Published: August 2019

ContextDetermining meaningful aspects of health is crucial for outcome assessment; however, limited literature exists on the aspects of health that are deemed meaningful by the athletic patient population.ObjectiveTo identify experiences and meaningful outcomes after lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injury among collegiate athletes.DesignQualitative study.SettingUniversity laboratoryPatients or Other ParticipantsA purposive sample of 20 athletes (10 men, 10 women; age = 20.1 ± 1.83 years) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution in the Midwest who had sustained an LE injury.Data Collection and AnalysisSemistructured face-to-face interviews and inductive data analysis were conducted. Trustworthiness of the data was established using member checks and peer debriefing.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data, revealing that physical changes, psychological changes, personal and lifestyle changes, and support were the most meaningful outcomes among athletes with an LE injury. The 4 themes were associated with 21 subthemes, indicating the complexity with which LE injury affects individualsConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the importance of caring for the whole person. Athletic trainers must broaden their focus to provide the best patient care and consider the person's activities and life demands outside of athletic participation. The themes identified in this study provide a basis for selecting appropriate health markers and outcome measures.
Altered Strength Profile in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McAuliffe Seán , Tabuena Ariane , McCreesh Karen , O'Keeffe Mary , Hurley John , Comyns Tom , Purtill Helen , O'Neill Seth , O'Sullivan Kieran 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPersistent strength deficits secondary to Achilles tendinopathy (AT) have been postulated to account for difficulty engaging in tendon-loading movements, such as running and jumping, and may contribute to the increased risk of recurrence. To date, little consensus exists on the presence of strength deficits in AT. Consequently, researchers are uncertain about the appropriate methods of assessment that may inform rehabilitation in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate and synthesize the literature investigating plantar-flexion (PF) strength in individuals with AT.Study SelectionTwo independent reviewers searched 9 electronic databases using an agreed-upon set of key words.Data ExtractionData were extracted from studies comparing strength measures (maximal, reactive, and explosive strength) between individuals with AT and healthy control participants or between the injured and uninjured sides of people with AT. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Case-Control Study Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias for the included studies.Data SynthesisA total of 19 studies were eligible. Pooled meta-analyses for isokinetic dynamometry demonstrated reductions in maximal strength (concentric PF peak torque [PT] slow [Hedges g = 0.52, 44% deficit], concentric PF PT fast [Hedges g = 0.61, 38% deficit], and eccentric PF PT slow [Hedges g = 0.26, 18% deficit]). Reactive strength, particularly during hopping, was also reduced (Hedges g range = 0.32–2.61, 16%–35% deficit). For explosive strength, reductions in the rate of force development (Hedges g range = 0.31–1.73, 10%–21% deficit) were observed, whereas the findings for ground reaction force varied but were not consistently altered.ConclusionsIndividuals with AT demonstrated strength deficits compared with the uninjured side or with asymptomatic control participants. Deficits were reported across the strength spectrum for maximal, reactive, and explosive strength. Clinicians and researchers may need to adapt their assessment of Achilles tendon function, which may ultimately help to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.
The Aristotelian mode of thought underlying research and theorizing in the field of stuttering
Authors: Goodgoll Michael L. 
Published: August 2019

As a direct result of the prevalence of Aristotelian thinking in the field of speech pathology, research and theorizing has tended to ignore the individual, his unique characteristics and differences, and to concentrate on what is common between individuals. The therapist is therefore faced with being unable to utilize effectively any particular theory, since none of them explains the unique attributes of the individual case with which he has to deal. A non-Aristotelian approach to research on stuttering seems to hold more promise of attaining an eventual understanding of the individual stutterer.