bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Assessing the Impact of Race on HIV/STI Risk Perceptions Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Using an Experimental Approach
Authors: Hill Brandon J. , Rosentel Kris , Hebert Luciana 
Published: March 2019

Background:
This study explores how character race may influence HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk perceptions of young men who have sex with men (MSM), using a social experimental study design.

Methods:
A sample of 134 MSM were recruited to participate in a 30- to 45-minute, in-person laboratory study at 3 Midwest universities. Data were collected from July 2015 to June 2016. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions. Each participant read and listened to 9 behaviorally specific vignettes describing sexual encounters between 2 male-identified characters. Vignettes were identical across all conditions with only the race and character name manipulated for condition. Participants were asked to rate the likelihood of HIV/STI transmission for each vignette using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unlikely and 5 = very likely).

Results:
Across all 9 vignettes, HIV/STI transmission risk was rated significantly higher in vignettes in which both characters were identified as Black compared with vignettes where both characters were White. For 8 of the vignettes, participants rated HIV/STI risk significantly higher among interracial character vignettes compared with vignettes in which both characters were identified as White. Overall, significant differences had medium effect sizes for each statistical comparison (0.065 ≤ η2 ≤ 0.124).

Conclusions:
MSM may associate character race with HIV/STI risk even when behaviorally specific information is available. More specifically, MSM may be more likely to associate Black/African American men with higher HIV/STI risk compared with White men, regardless of sexual behavior (eg, oral sex and condomless anal sex) or engagement with HIV/STI prevention strategies (eg, condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and antiretroviral therapy use).
Brief Report: Short-Term Adherence Marker to PrEP Predicts Future Nonretention in a Large PrEP Demo Project: Implications for Point-of-Care Adherence Testing
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A. , Glidden David V. , Anderson Peter L. , Gandhi Monica , Cohen Stephanie , Vittinghoff Eric , Coleman Megan E. , Scott Hyman , Bacon Oliver , Elion Richard , Kolber Michael A. , Buchbinder Susan P. , Liu Albert Y. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Objective adherence metrics for tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (FTC)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were critical for interpretation of efficacy in PrEP clinical trials, and there is increasing interest in using drug levels to tailor interventions for reengagement and adherence. Point-of-care immunoassays for TFV, which examine short-term adherence, are in development. However, the ability of poor short-term and long-term adherence to predict future PrEP nonretention is unknown.

Setting:
Secondary data analysis of a large, prospective multi-site U.S. PrEP demonstration project.

Methods:
An adjusted Cox-proportional hazards model examined the relationship of dried blood spot (DBS) levels of FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP) or TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP), measures of short-term and long-term PrEP adherence, respectively, with future study nonretention.

Results:
Overall, 294 individuals (median age 33 years) contributed drug levels within the U.S. PrEP demonstration project. By the end of study, 27% were lost to follow-up, 25% had at least one undetectable FTC-TP level indicating poor short-term adherence, and 29% had a drug level indicating suboptimal long-term adherence (TFV-DP <700 fmol/punch). The strongest factor associated with future study nonretention using a binary drug-level cut-off was an undetectable DBS FTC-TP level (adjusted hazard ratio 6.3; 95% confidence interval 3.8 to 10.2). The suboptimal long-term adherence based on low DBS TFV-DP levels was also associated with nonretention (adjusted hazard ratio 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.4 to 7.6).

Conclusions:
Both short- and long-term metrics of PrEP adherence are strongly associated with future loss to follow-up in a U.S. demonstration project study. Short-term metrics of adherence, once available at the point-of-care, could be used to direct real-time tailored retention and adherence interventions.
Religiosity, Social Support, and Ethnic Identity: Exploring “Resilience Resources” for African-American Women Experiencing HIV-Related Stigma
Authors: Lipira Lauren , Williams Emily C. , Nevin Paul E. , Kemp Christopher G. , Cohn Susan E. , Turan Janet M. , Simoni Jane M. , Andrasik Michele P. , French Audrey L. , Unger Joseph M. , Heagerty Patrick , Rao Deepa 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
African-American women living with HIV report substantial HIV-related stigma and depression. Resilience resources are strength-based resources that may moderate the effects of HIV-related stigma on poor psychosocial outcomes such as depression.

Objective:
To evaluate whether religiosity, social support, and ethnic identity moderate the effects of HIV-related stigma on depression among African-American women living with HIV.

Methods:
We used baseline data (May 2013–October 2015) from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an HIV-related stigma-reduction intervention among African-American women living with HIV in Chicago, IL, and Birmingham, AL, who were older than 18 years and currently receiving HIV services. To assess whether religiosity (7-item Religious Beliefs and Behaviors survey), social support (select subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey), and ethnic identity (Commitment subscale from the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure) modified the relationship between HIV-related stigma (Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness) and depression (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire), we conducted 3 separate moderation analyses using linear regression with interactions between HIV-related stigma and each moderator of interest, adjusted for study site, age, time since diagnosis, and education.

Results:
Among 226 African-American women living with HIV, greater levels of HIV-related stigma were associated with greater depression in all 3 models (P < 0.05). Only religiosity modified this association (P = 0.04), with a weaker association among women reporting higher levels of religiosity.

Conclusions:
The protective effects of religiosity may be leveraged in interventions for African-American women living with HIV struggling with HIV-related stigma.
Markers of Bone Mineral Metabolism and Cardiac Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Children and Adolescents
Authors: Margossian Renee , Williams Paige L. , Yu Wendy , Jacobson Denise L. , Geffner Mitchell E. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Van Dyke Russell B. , Spector Stephen A. , Schuster Gertrud U. , Stephensen Charles B. , Miller Tracie L. , Lipshultz Steven E. ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Published: March 2019

Background:
Disordered bone mineral metabolism and low vitamin D concentrations are associated with cardiovascular abnormalities; few studies have evaluated this relationship in HIV-infected youth.

Setting:
The Adolescent Master Protocol is a Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study network study conducted across 14 US sites.

Methods:
Among perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) youth enrolled in the Adolescent Master Protocol, we evaluated associations of vitamin D [measured as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD)], parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) concentrations with echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) structure, function, and concentrations of NT-proBNP, a biomarker of cardiac damage.

Results:
Among 485 participants (305 PHIV and 180 PHEU) with echocardiograms and bone mineralization measures, low 25-OHD (<20 ng/mL) was common among all participants (48% PHIV and 44% PHEU), but elevated PTH (>65 pg/mL) was identified more often among PHIV participants than PHEU participants (9% vs 3%, P = 0.02). After adjusting for HIV status and demographic covariates, both low 25-OHD and elevated PTH were associated with lower mean LV mass z-scores, whereas elevated PTH was associated with higher mean fractional shortening z-scores. Participants with low 25-OHD also had slightly higher mean LV end-systolic wall stress z-scores, but differences were more pronounced in PHEU participants than in PHIV participants. FGF-23 was inversely related to end-diastolic septal thickness, both overall and among PHIV participants.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of PHIV and PHEU youth, we observed associations of 25-OHD, PTH, and FGF-23 with both structural and functional cardiac parameters, supporting links between bone mineral metabolism and cardiac status.
A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Risk, Adherence, and Virologic Control in Adolescents Living With HIV in Asia
Authors: Ross Jeremy L. , Teeraananchai Sirinya , Lumbiganon Pagakrong , Hansudewechakul Rawiwan , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Khanh Truong Huu , Van Nguyen Lam , Mohamed Thahira A Jamal , Yusoff Nik Khairulddin Nik , Fong Moy Siew , Prasitsuebsai Wasana , Sohn Annette H. , Kerr Stephen J. ,   on behalf of the TApHOD ACASI study group of IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Published: March 2019

Background:
Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have poorer adherence and clinical outcomes than adults. We conducted a study to assess behavioral risks and antiretroviral therapy outcomes among ALHIV in Asia.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study among ALHIV and matched HIV-uninfected controls aged 12–18 years was conducted at 9 sites in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam from July 2013 to March 2017. Participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview at weeks 0, 48, 96, and 144. Virologic failure (VF) was defined as ≥1 viral load (VL) measurement >1000 copies/mL. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify predictors for VF.

Results:
Of 250 ALHIV and 59 HIV-uninfected controls, 58% were Thai and 51% females. The median age was 14 years at enrollment; 93% of ALHIV were perinatally infected. At week 144, 66% of ALHIV were orphans vs. 28% of controls (P < 0.01); similar proportions of ALHIV and controls drank alcohol (58% vs. 65%), used inhalants (1% vs. 2%), had been sexually active (31% vs. 21%), and consistently used condoms (42% vs. 44%). Of the 73% of ALHIV with week 144 VL testing, median log VL was 1.60 (interquartile range 1.30–1.70) and 19% had VF. Over 70% of ALHIV had not disclosed their HIV status. Self-reported adherence ≥95% was 60% at week 144. Smoking cigarettes, >1 sexual partner, and living with nonparent relatives, a partner or alone, were associated with VF at any time.

Conclusions:
The subset of ALHIV with poorer adherence and VF require comprehensive interventions that address sexual risk, substance use, and HIV-status disclosure.
Pulmonary Insufficiency
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Chessa Massimo , Petrini Marcello , Monti Caterina B. , Alì Marco , Cannaò Paola M. , Di Leo Giovanni , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare the use of pulmonary regurgitation volume (PRV) or indexed PRV (PRVi) with that of pulmonary regurgitation fraction (PRF) in the assessment of patients with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Materials and Methods:
CMR of 176 patients with PR were retrospectively evaluated. Their right ventricular diastolic (end-diastolic volume index [EDVi]) and systolic (end-systolic volume index) volume indexes, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were obtained from cine CMR sequences, whereas phase-contrast flow sequences were analyzed to obtain PRV, PRVi, and PRF. Patients were divided into subgroups, according to underlying pathology and according to PR severity. Correlations between PRV or PRF and RV parameters were studied through Spearman ρ, both in the main group and subgroups. Follow-up examinations were analyzed, and correlations between PRV or PRF from the first CMR examination and volume data from the second were calculated.

Results:
Tetralogy of Fallot was the main setting of PR (98/179). Overall, EDVi strongly correlates with PRV (ρ=0.592, P<0.001) than with PRF (ρ=0.522, P<0.001), and end-systolic volume index strongly correlates with PRV (ρ=0.454, P<0.001) and PRF (ρ=0.406, P <0.001). As regards subgroup analysis, in moderate or severe PR patients, EDVi strongly correlates (P=0.043) with PRV (ρ=0.499, P<0.001) than with PRF (ρ=0.317, P<0.001). Follow-up EDVi correlates with PRV (ρ=0.450, P=0.031), but not with PRF.

Conclusions:
Especially when assessing moderate to severe PR, PRV and PRVi may be better indicators of right ventricular dysfunction than PRF. Moreover, PRV may be a predictor of worsening RV dilation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Single-shot 2-Dimensional Multisegment Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Gatti Marco , Dell’Aversana Serena , Andreini Daniele , Guaricci Andrea I. , Guglielmo Marco , Baggiano Andrea , Mushtaq Saima , Conte Edoardo , Annoni Andrea , Formenti Alberto , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Gripari Paola , Rabbat Mark G. , Pepi Mauro , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of single-shot 2-dimensional multislice late gadolinium enhancement (2D-MSLGE) compared with gold standard single-slice 2D inversion recovery segmented gradient echo (2D-SSLGE).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-seven patients prospectively underwent clinically indicated cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and were enrolled. The image quality was assessed using a 4-point scale. Segments positive for LGE were classified as ischemic or nonischemic for 2D-MSLGE and 2D-SSLGE. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was assessed for both sequences by 2 readers. The endpoints were as follows: (a) detection of myocardial segments involved by LGE and (b) classification of LGE as ischemic and nonischemic pattern. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy value were calculated for the 2 endpoints.

Results:
2D-MSLGE and 2D-SSLGE were successfully performed in all patients with comparable image quality (1.56±0.59 vs. 1.54±0.58, P=0.84). For the overall population, 2D-MSLGE correctly identified 1093 of 1139 myocardial segments positive for LGE (96%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%-97%), as compared with 2D-SSLGE. Similarly, 2D-MSLGE correctly identified 1128 of 1139 (99%; 95% CI: 98%-99%) and 1108 of 1139 (97%; 95% CI: 96%-98%) of nonischemic and ischemic LGE patterns.
Interobserver and intraobserver variability for quantification of LGE using 2D-MSLGE was 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. The acquisition time was shorter for 2D-MSLGE as compared with 2D-SSLGE (2.0±0.5 vs. 6.0±2.0 min, P: 0.01).

Conclusions:
As compared with 2D-SSLGE, 2D-MSLGE is a reliable tool in both ischemic and nonischemic cardiac disease; it is associated with shorter scan times without the need for prolonged breath holding and may be beneficial for those with dysrhythmia.
Posterior Tibial Artery Perforator Flaps Carrying Partial Gastrocnemius Muscle for Repair of Soft Tissue Defects With Dead Space in the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Li Pandeng , Shen Guoliang 
Published: March 2019

Background
Soft tissue defects with dead space in the ankle and foot remain a challenge for surgeons. The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical technique and clinical significance of posterior tibial artery perforator flaps carrying partial gastrocnemius muscle for patients with soft tissue defects with dead space in the ankle area.

Methods
Between August 2015 and August 2017, 14 patients (2 women and 12 men) between 20 and 58 years old (median age, 42 years) were hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. All injuries involved damage to the ankle area and formation of soft tissue defects with dead space. In all patients, posterior tibial artery perforator flaps carrying partial gastrocnemius muscle were transplanted to cover soft tissue defects with dead spaces.

Results
Hospitalization duration ranged from 10 to 20 days (mean, 16 days). All flaps survived and healed well. At follow-up after 6 to 24 months, all cases had recovered successfully in terms of aesthetic and functional aspects.

Conclusions
Posterior tibial artery perforator flaps carrying partial gastrocnemius muscle can be an optimal reconstruction method for repairing soft tissue defects with dead space in the ankle and foot.
Correction of Congenital Telecanthus by Extended Medial Epicanthoplasty With Skin Redraping Method
Authors: Choi Jong-Woo , Gaxiola-García Miguel Angel , Kang Min-Kyu , Kim Sung-Chan , Jeong Woo Shik , Koh Kyung S. 
Published: March 2019

Background
Recently, skin-redraping medial epicanthoplasty has emerged as an extremely effective way to minimize the resultant scar. We found that the novel skin-redraping medial epicanthoplasty technique, which has been applied to aesthetic surgery, could also be suitable for the correction of congenital epicanthus and telecanthus.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who had an epicanthoplasty from December 2007 to August 2017. Among 47 patients, we identified 19 cases with congenital pathologies (nonaesthetic cases). Overall, 7 patients with at least 2 anthropometric measurements were selected.

Results
There was a mean presurgical intercanthal distance of 35.85 mm (range, 24–52 mm) and a mean intercanthal distance of 26.85 mm (range, 17–36 mm) with a mean difference of 9 mm following postsurgical revision. To better categorize this difference, statistical analysis was conducted using a paired t test, which showed a significant result with P = 0.008.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that the skin-redraping medial epicanthoplasty technique could be a better option even in the reconstruction of congenital telecanthus as well as aesthetic plastic surgery. It could correct mild to severe telecanthus and minimize scar formation.
Recurrent Breast Cerebrospinal Fluid Pseudocyst
Authors: Zawadiuk Luke R. R. , Van Slyke Aaron C. , Macadam Sheina A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complications involving the breast are rare, with the majority involving the formation of a cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst. We present the case of a 22-year-old woman with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst secondary to fracture of a VP shunt at the time of breast surgery for breast asymmetry. We review the literature on this topic and present our case that highlights the need of the breast surgeon to take into account the position of VP shunts placed at birth. Shunts placed on the chest wall may result in breast asymmetry requiring surgery in the adolescent. Shunts in place since birth may be at greater risk of fracture during breast implant placement due to manipulation of a calcified and fragile shunt leading to formation of a cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst.
The Utility of Google Trends Data for Analyzing Public Interest in Breast Procedures
Authors: Tijerina Jonathan D. , Morrison Shane D. , Vail Daniel G. , Lee Gordon K. , Nazerali Rahim 
Published: March 2019

Background
Google Trends (GT) is a free, open-source tool that permits customizable analysis of search term volumes entered into the Google search engine. Google Trends data may offer useful and actionable insight to plastic surgeons pertaining to worldwide, national, and regional evolution of patient interest for breast procedures and other common surgeries.

Methods
Search terms were generated using the “related queries” feature of GT. Google Trends data were collected for breast lift, breast reduction, breast reconstruction, and male breast reduction from January 2004 to September 2017. Case volumes for respective procedures were obtained from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) annual statistics reports for the calendar year 2006 to 2016. Trend analysis was performed using univariate linear regression analysis of ASPS statistics and GT search data.

Results
Total search volume varied geographically and temporally during the study period. Statistically significant positive correlations between GT and ASPS data were as follows: breast lift: “mastopexy” (R
2 = 0.445, P = 0.025); male breast reduction: “gynecomastia surgery” (R
2 = 0.45, P = 0.024); and breast reconstruction: “tissue expander” (R
2 = 0.806, P ≤ 0.001) and “TRAM flap reconstruction” (R
2 = 0.764, P = 0.002). For several search terms, no significant correlation was detected, highlighting the importance for careful selection of terms.
Effects of Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism on Outcomes in Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Traumatic Lower Extremity Injuries
Authors: Badash Ido , Burtt Karen , Leland Hyuma , Gould Daniel , Rounds Alexis , Patel Ketan , Carey Joseph 
Published: March 2019

Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, represents a significant perioperative complication. However, the outcomes of lower extremity salvage in the setting of perioperative VTE are not well reported.

Methods
A retrospective review of lower extremity trauma patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction between July 2007 and December 2015 at an urban trauma center was performed. Patients with clinically apparent VTE during inpatient stay were identified. Outcomes compared included success of limb salvage, flap survival, and flap complications. Comorbidities, injury characteristics and perioperative data were also compared between patients with and without VTE.

Results
One hundred ninety patients with lower extremity injuries underwent local and free flap procedures, with 12 (6.3%) patients developing clinically apparent VTE during hospitalization. Nine VTEs (75.0%) were diagnosed prior to soft tissue reconstruction, and 3 (25.0%) VTEs were diagnosed postreconstruction. The limb salvage rate in patients with VTE was 100%. There were no flap losses in patients with VTE, and the overall flap complication rate was similar between VTE and non-VTE groups (P = 0.26). However, there was an increased risk of postoperative hematoma in patients undergoing free flap transfer with diagnosed VTE compared with patients receiving free flaps without VTE (40.0% vs 2.6%, P = 0.02). Additionally, 1 patient died as a result of pulmonary embolism, and another patient experienced an ischemic stroke from a paradoxical embolism.

Conclusions
These results suggest that successful limb salvage and flap survival may be achieved in the setting of perioperative VTE, although anticoagulation prophylaxis and treatment are critical in this population due to significant morbidity and mortality associated with VTE.