bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent organic exudates of corals and algae in tropical reefs are compositionally distinct and increase with nutrient enrichment
Authors: Quinlan Zachary A. , Remple Kristina , Fox Michael D. , Silbiger Nyssa J. , Oliver Thomas A. , Putnam Hollie M. , Wegley Kelly Linda , Carlson Craig A. , Donahue Megan J. , Nelson Craig E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) composition influences microbial community metabolism and benthic primary producers are a source of DOM in coral reefs. As reef benthic communities change, in part due to nutrient pollution, understanding impacts on reef microbial processes requires knowledge of DOM sources and composition. We conducted a multi‐week mesocosm experiment dosing four coral reef benthic constituents with three levels of nitrate and phosphate to contrast exudate composition and quantify the effects of nutrient enrichment on exudate release. Moderate nutrient enrichment enhanced bulk dissolved organic carbon exudation by all producers. Corals exuded rapidly accumulating DOM with a markedly high concentration of aromatic amino acid‐like fluorescent DOM components that clearly distinguishes them from algal exudates, which were dominated by humic‐like fluorescent components and did not accumulate significantly. Our results indicate that corals and algae release DOM of different quality and the quantity of DOM release increases with inorganic nutrient availability.
A Two‐Stage Kinetics Model for Polydopamine Layer Growth
Authors: Habibi Rad Mojtaba , Zamanian Ali , Hadavi Seyed Mohamad Mahdi , Khanlarkhani Ali 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince its introduction, polydopamine coating has played a significant role in the surface modification of various materials, yet a persistent gap exists in understanding its polymerization process. Applying Gompertz' equation, this paper proposes a kinetics model based on the data reported in the literature and obtained at different temperatures and on various substrates. Along with a statistically good regression, the selection of Gompertz' equation is supported by the observed trend in the reported data: regardless of the substrate and the system temperature, the point where 37–40% of the final film thickness is reached precisely coincides with the inflection point of the Gompertz' curve. The proposed kinetics model suggests a two‐stage polymerization process, with the maximum growth rate occurring at 37–40% of the final film thickness. The maximum growth rate increases with temperature. However, at higher temperatures, the system needs more time to reach the maximum growth rate.
Shear‐Induced Fabrication of Multiple Parallel Alginate Gel Filaments Using Alginate–Polyethylene Glycol Blend
Authors: Takayama Yuriko , Kato Norihiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA rigid assembly of alginates is formed in aqueous media primarily via hydrogen bonding between guluronic units. A flow of aqueous alginate solution in a co‐flow capillary can form alginate gel fibers by contact with Ca2+ ions in sheath flow. Mixing with polyols [e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG)] facilitates the shaping of the alginate assembly because PEG disrupts the assembly of the extended alginate chains to instead form alginate–PEG complexes that exhibit shear‐thinning behavior. The shear‐induced fibrous domains of the globular alginate–PEG complexes can be partitioned by a PEG‐rich phase, resulting in multiple parallel alginate gel filaments when the strong ionic‐field‐induced PEG‐rich phase is adjusted and an alginate–PEG complex phase is used as the aqueous two‐phase separation system.
Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Cooperative Janus Branched Polymer Fibers with Controllable Length and Density of Nanobranches
Authors: Zhou Guangliang , Yang Guang , Li Xilin , He Yang , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of a fiber with multilevel micro‐/nanostructures is still a great challenge. Here, a newly structured polymer fiber, which possesses both a hydrophobic/hydrophilic cooperative Janus stem and nanosized branches with controllable length and density, is developed via a microfluidic‐electrospinning technology for the first time. Both the length and density of the branches on the fiber can be controlled by changing the electrical conductivity of the inner phase of poly(vinyl alcohol) solution or the applied voltage. The mechanical analytic model reveals that when the coulomb force between surface charge of continuous phase and volume charge of dispersed phase, which is raised with the electrical conductivity of the inner phase or the applied voltage increasing, is greater than surface tension of continuous phase, the branches are formed; simultaneously, the Janus structure is generated through both the electrostatic repulsion and phase separation.
Decoupling Study of Melt Polycondensation of Polycarbonate: Experimental and Modeling of Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transfer in Thin Films Polycondensation Process
Authors: Bi Fenglei , Qiu Xiaoyi , Xi Zhenhao , Zhao Ling , Feng Lianfang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring the melt polycondensation process of polycarbonate, reaction and mass transfer are deeply coupled owing to relatively high melt viscosity. In this work, the polycondensation reaction kinetics and mass transfer behavior of volatile phenol are decoupling studied in detail by using thin‐film experiments with 250–280 °C, 10–1000 Pa and 0.085–0.68 mm film thickness. A realistic apparent rate model coupled the reaction kinetics with thermodynamic equilibrium and diffusion behavior is developed to describe the polycondensation process, while the diffusion characteristic of small molecule (phenol) is further obtained based on penetration theory. The obtained polycondensation equilibrium constant ranges from 0.3 to 0.55, while the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of temperature‐dependent diffusion coefficients of phenol are 87.9 kJ mol−1 and 5.08 × 102 m2 s−1, respectively. It is also observed that the overall apparent rate of polycarbonate (PC) polycondensation process increases with higher temperature, lower pressure, and thinner film thickness. Coupling the reaction kinetics with mass transfer, the predictions of the realistic apparent rate model are in quite satisfactory agreement with experimental data.
Lightweight, compact, and high‐performance 3T MR system for imaging the brain and extremities
Authors: Foo Thomas K. F. , Laskaris Evangelos , Vermilyea Mark , Xu Minfeng , Thompson Paul , Conte Gene , Van Epps Christopher , Immer Christopher , Lee Seung‐Kyun , Tan Ek T. , Graziani Dominic , Mathieu Jean‐Baptise , Hardy Christopher J. , Schenck John F. , Fiveland Eric , Stautner Wolfgang , Ricci Justin , Piel Joseph , Park Keith , Hua Yihe , Bai Ye , Kagan Alex , Stanley David , Weavers Paul T. , Gray Erin , Shu Yunhong , Frick Matthew A. , Campeau Norbert G. , Trzasko Joshua , Huston John , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo build and evaluate a small‐footprint, lightweight, high‐performance 3T MRI scanner for advanced brain imaging with image quality that is equal to or better than conventional whole‐body clinical 3T MRI scanners, while achieving substantial reductions in installation costs.MethodsA conduction‐cooled magnet was developed that uses less than 12 liters of liquid helium in a gas‐charged sealed system, and standard NbTi wire, and weighs approximately 2000 kg. A 42‐cm inner‐diameter gradient coil with asymmetric transverse axes was developed to provide patient access for head and extremity exams, while minimizing magnet‐gradient interactions that adversely affect image quality. The gradient coil was designed to achieve simultaneous operation of 80‐mT/m peak gradient amplitude at a slew rate of 700 T/m/s on each gradient axis using readily available 1‐MVA gradient drivers.ResultsIn a comparison of anatomical imaging in 16 patients using T2‐weighted 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) between the compact 3T and whole‐body 3T, image quality was assessed as equivalent to or better across several metrics. The ability to fully use a high slew rate of 700 T/m/s simultaneously with 80‐mT/m maximum gradient amplitude resulted in improvements in image quality across EPI, DWI, and anatomical imaging of the brain.ConclusionsThe compact 3T MRI system has been in continuous operation at the Mayo Clinic since March 2016. To date, over 200 patient studies have been completed, including 96 comparison studies with a clinical 3T whole‐body MRI. The increased gradient performance has reliably resulted in consistently improved image quality.
Somatotopic heat pain thresholds and intraepidermal nerve fibers in health
Authors: Davies Jenny L. , Engelstad Janean K. , E. Gove Linde , Linbo Linda K. , Carter Rickey E. , Lynch Christopher , Staff Nathan P. , Klein Christopher J. , Dyck P. James B. , Herrmann David N. , Dyck Peter J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: For sequential and somatotopic assessment of small fiber neuropathy, heat pain (HP) tests of hypoalgesia might be used instead of decreased counts of epidermal nerve fibers (ENFs), but then healthy subject reference values of HP thresholds are needed. Methods: Using the Computer Assisted Sensation Evaluator IVc system, HP thresholds of hypoalgesia were estimated for 10 unilateral sites and counts of ENFs for 4 of them in healthy subjects. Results: In healthy subjects, small but statistically significant differences of both HP thresholds of hypoalgesia and counts of ENFs were observed among tested sites. Significant correlations between HP thresholds and counts of ENFs were not found. Discussion: For the studied somatotopic sites, we provide ≥95th and ≥99th percentile reference limits for HP 0.5 and 5 of 1–10 HP thresholds of hypoalgesia and decreased counts of ENFs at ≤5th and ≤1st percentile levels. Muscle Nerve 58: 509–516, 2018
Health profile of a cohort of adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Pandya Shree , James Katherine A. , Westfield Christina , Thomas Shiny , Fox Deborah J. , Ciafaloni Emma , Moxley Richard T. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: As the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) population ages, it is essential that we understand the late‐stage health profile and provide the appropriate care for this emerging population. Methods: We undertook a descriptive study to document the health profile of a cohort of adults with DMD using data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research network (MD STARnet). Data included information collected from Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Georgia, and 12 counties in western New York on individuals born since January 1982 and followed through December 2012. Results: In 208 adults with DMD, the number of individuals (N) and median ages (years) at which certain critical milestones were crossed and interventions initiated were as follows: development of cardiomyopathy, N = 145 (16.7); initiation of non‐invasive ventilation, N = 99 (18.0); gastrostomy, N = 47 (19.0); and death, N = 59 (21.8). Discussion: These population‐based data provide critical information about late‐stage health profiles among adults with DMD for developing appropriate models of care. Muscle Nerve 58: 219–223, 2018
Improved Safety and Efficacy of Small‐Bore Feeding Tube Confirmation Using an Electromagnetic Placement Device
Authors: Powers Jan , Luebbehusen Michael , Aguirre Lillian , Cluff Julia , David Mary Ann , Holly Vince , Linford Lorraine , Park Nancy , Brunelle Rocco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarly enteral nutrition has been shown to decrease complications and improve patient outcomes. Post pyloric feeding is recommended for patients with gastric intolerance or at high risk for aspiration. Feeding tube placement can be challenging and pose risk of pulmonary complications. Reliance on radiographic confirmation for feeding tube placement exposes the patient to radiation. Electromagnetic placement device (EMPD) may offer a method to minimize pulmonary complications, increase successful placement, and decrease radiation exposure to the patient.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using EMPD verification, instead of routine abdominal radiographic confirmation, for small‐bore feeding tube placement.ResultsVariables evaluated were adverse events, utilization of radiographs for confirmation, and success rate of feeding tube placement in the ordered location. Two time frames were reviewed. In a 1‐year period, 3754 small‐bore feeding tubes were placed using EMPD, with zero adverse events noted. Radiographic confirmation was utilized in 0%–29.2% of the EMPD placed tubes. Successful placement of feeding tubes using EMPD ranged from 94%–99.6%. During a 5‐year period, 7081 EMPD feeding tubes were evaluated. One adverse event, pneumothorax, occurred during the placement of these 7081 tubes, for a rate of 0.014%.ConclusionFeeding tube placement confirmation is safe and efficacious via EMPD providing an effective method of feeding tube placement with a success rate >94% into the desired location. EMPD is an accurate verification method of distal tip location, eliminating the need for routine abdominal radiographic confirmation.
Convergence analysis of projected fixed‐point iteration on a low‐rank matrix manifold
Authors: Kolesnikov D. A. , Oseledets I. V. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze the convergence of a projected fixed‐point iteration on a Riemannian manifold of matrices with fixed rank. As a retraction method, we use the projector splitting scheme. We prove that the convergence rate of the projector splitting scheme is bounded by the convergence rate of standard fixed‐point iteration without rank constraints multiplied by the function of initial approximation. We also provide counterexample to the case when conditions of the theorem do not hold. Finally, we support our theoretical results with numerical experiments.
An efficient variant of HSS preconditioner for generalized saddle point problems
Authors: Zhang Ju‐Li 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe present an efficient variant of the Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting (HSS) preconditioner for generalized saddle point problems. By switching the positions of the two splitting matrices in the HSS preconditioner, together with some modifications combined with the relaxation preconditioning technique, we show that the new preconditioner is much closer to the coefficient matrix and easier to be implemented. Theoretical analyses show that the corresponding iteration method converges to the unique solution of the generalized saddle point problem under certain conditions. The spectral properties, including bounds on the eigenvalues and condition numbers of the eigenvectors, for the preconditioned matrix, are also discussed. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the new preconditioner.
Coupling of material point method and discrete element method for granular flows impacting simulations
Authors: Liu Chuanqi , Sun Qicheng , Zhou Gordon G.D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGranular debris flows are composed of coarse solid particles, which may be from disaggregated landslides or well‐weathered rocks on a hill surface. The estimation of agitation and the flow process of granular debris flows are of great importance in the prevention of disasters. In this work, we conduct physical experiments of sandpile collapse, impacting 3 packed wooden blocks. The flow profile, run‐out distance, and rotation of blocks are measured. To simulate the process, we adopt a material point method (MPM) to model granular flows and a deformable discrete element method (DEM) to model blocks. Each block is treated as comprising 9 material points to couple the MPM and DEM, and the acceleration of grid nodes arising from the contacts between granular material and blocks is projected to the discrete element nodes working as body forces. The contacts between blocks are detected using the shrunken point method. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. Thus, the coupling method of MPM and DEM developed in this work would be helpful in the damage analysis of buildings under impact from the debris flows.
Determinants of Readiness for Adopting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Indigenous Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes in Manitoba, Canada: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: McGavock Jonathan , Durksen Anita , Wicklow Brandy , Malik Sayma , Sellers Elizabeth AC , Blydt‐Hansen Tom , Chateau Dan , Dart Allison 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether the readiness for adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with mental health and comorbid conditions in youth with T2D.MethodsA cross‐sectional comparison of various measures of mental health (distress, stress, resilience) and comorbid conditions (glycated hemoglobin, adiposity, hypertension) was conducted within a cohort of indigenous youth with T2D living in Canada, stratified according to their readiness to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors based on Prochaska's transtheoretical model.ResultsWithin the entire cohort (n = 162), only 14% were considered ready to adopt all healthy lifestyle behaviors. The readiness to adopt all lifestyle behaviors was associated with higher positive mental health (47 vs. 39 units; P < 0.05) and sense of mastery (40 vs. 37 units; P < 0.05), lower perceived stress (27 vs. 29 units; P < 0.05) and distress (8 vs. 10 units; P < 0.05), and better glycemic control (HbA1c: 8.4 ± 2.6% vs. 9.7 ± 2.8%; P < 0.05) compared with youth who were not ready to adopt all lifestyle behaviors.ConclusionsThe readiness for adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors is low among adolescents with T2D. Being ready to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with better mental health and glycemic control.
Weight Change over the Course of Binge Eating Disorder Treatment: Relationship to Binge Episodes and Psychological Factors
Authors: Pacanowski Carly R. , Mason Tyler B. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Peterson Carol B. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTreatment for binge eating disorder (BED), a condition associated with both excess adiposity and psychological distress, has not typically produced significant weight loss despite reducing binge eating. Characterizing factors that promote or inhibit weight loss in individuals with co‐occurring BED and obesity may help explain overall nonsignificant weight changes during treatment.MethodsIn this study, 189 adults with BED participated in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of 5 months of cognitive behavioral therapy. Assessments included measured height and weight at baseline, midtreatment, end of treatment (EOT), and 6‐month follow‐up, the Eating Disorder Examination interview, and questionnaires.ResultsDuring treatment, there was a mean weight gain of 1.3 ± 12.0 lb. Twenty‐two percent of the sample lost ≥ 5 lb, and 25% of the sample gained ≥ 8 lb. Results showed that baseline objective binge eating episodes predicted weight over treatment. Changes in weight were significantly positively related to concurrent changes in shape concern, weight concern, and disinhibition, but not binge eating episodes. Changes in objective binge eating episodes from baseline to EOT were associated with changes in weight from EOT to follow‐up.ConclusionsFurther investigation of eating behavior during BED treatment to understand the energy balance contributions to weight change or stability is warranted.
Optimal control for the spread of infectious disease: The role of awareness programs by media and antiviral treatment
Authors: Gani S.R. , Halawar S.V. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a detailed mathematical analysis of the role of awareness programs by media and antiviral treatment on the control of infectious diseases. A nonlinear model is proposed in order to control the infectious diseases, and the model is examined under various scenarios of control measures using variety of mathematical techniques including stability, sensitivity, optimal control, and cost‐effectiveness analysis. Considering the constant control parameters, the basic reproduction number is derived and investigated by the existence and stability of equilibria, then the relative impact of each of the constant control parameters are assessed by calculating the sensitivity index of the basic reproduction number. Under the time‐dependent controls, the necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease are derived using the Pontryagin's maximum principle in order to determine optimal strategies for controlling the spread of the disease. In order to investigate the most cost‐effective control strategy among all the possible strategies, cost‐effectiveness analysis is carried out using numerical simulations and the result reveals that the strategy combination of 3 control measures (the successful campaign of awareness programs by media, controlling effort that alters infectious cases receiving treatment, and strengthening effort made on awareness campaign programs) is the most cost‐effective control strategy and this indicates that implementation of all the 3 control measures is necessary in order to control the disease outbreak.
Network structure and collaborative innovation processes—A comparative analysis of two elderly service networks in Shanghai
Authors: Lam Wai Fung , Li Wei 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHow does the structure of government‐funded service networks affect the process of service innovation? We have conducted a comparative analysis of the structure and processes of collaborative innovation of 2 government‐funded community‐based elderly service networks in Shanghai. We have found that in consistent with the literature, a network that has a network administrative organization structure is better able to manage the process of service innovation in a way that balances the need to achieve government policy goals on the one hand and the imperative to facilitate bottom‐up citizen participation on the other. Surprisingly, contrary to what prior studies have suggested, we have found that a network in which a lead organization plays a dominant role, despite its more centralized process of service innovation, is often able to deliver a variety of high‐quality and low‐cost services addressing citizens' needs. With the leadership provided by the network lead organization and its close affiliation with the street‐office government, the network has been able to solicit government support. Such a hierarchical yet responsive state‐society relation has emerged as a result of the coalescence of a corporatist state legacy and an increasing pressure for local governments to seek citizens' support in service delivery.
Experimental‐Numerical Substructuring: a Comparison of Assemblies in Primal and Dual Forms
Authors: Karamooz Mahdiabadi Morteza , Qi Yongle , Rixen Daniel Jean 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA hybrid dynamic substructuring method which combines experimentally measured and finite element (FE) modeled substructures in primal and dual form is presented. On the one hand, the model of the FE substructure is reduced to decrease the computational costs in the analysis of the hybrid model. On the other hand, the experimental substructure is measured while an instrumented fixture (known as Transmission Simulator) is assembled to its interface, providing the required interface dynamics for a high quality experimental model. The model of the transmission simulator is decoupled after measurement from the experimental substructure. Both the coupling and decoupling procedures are performed once with interface displacement (primal form) and once with interface forces (dual form). The hybrid substructuring methods are applied on an example and a comparison between both methods are presented. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)