bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entamoeba histolytica como causa de diarreia crônica
Authors: Castro Andreia Alves de , Bacalhau Filipe , Silva Francisco Ferreira e , Avillez Catarina , Batalheiro João 
Published: April 2019

A diarreia crônica, caracterizada pela presença de mais de três dejeções de consistência pastosa durante pelo menos quatro semanas, é frequentemente encontrada na prática clínica. Na diarreia crônica, a probabilidade de uma etiologia infecciosa é baixa, sendo as causas funcionais, inflamatórias, osmóticas ou secretórias mais comuns. A amebíase intestinal é uma causa de diarreia crônica, causada pelo protozoário Entamoeba histolytica, sendo comum e prevalente em países em desenvolvimento. Pode ter várias formas de apresentação, sendo na maioria dos casos assintomática. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um paciente de 27 anos, sexo masculino, raça caucasiana, homem que pratica sexo com homens (HSH), com diarreia crônica com início há cerca de seis anos. O exame objetivo não revelava alterações. Realizou exame parasitológico de fezes, com isolamento de quistos de Entamoeba histolytica. Foi medicado com metronidazol e paromomicina com resolução clínica do quadro. É importante para o Médico de Família equacionar esta etiologia na investigação de pacientes com diarreia, para um correto e atempado diagnóstico e tratamento, de modo a evitar exames desnecessários, possíveis complicações, a transmissãodo agente e um grave problema de saúde pública.
Delta-like Protein 3 Prevalence in Small Cell Lung Cancer and DLL3 (SP347) Assay Characteristics
Authors: Huang Richard S. P. , Holmes Burton F. , Powell Courtney , Marati Raji V. , Tyree Dusty , Admire Brittany , Streator Ashley , Newell Amy E. Hanlon , Perez Javier , Dalvi Deepa , ElGabry Ehab A. 
Published: April 2019

Context.—
Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is a protein that is implicated in the Notch pathway.

Objective.—
To present data on DLL3 prevalence in small cell lung cancer and staining characteristics of the VENTANA DLL3 (SP347) Assay. In addition, the assay's immunoreactivity with other neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues is outlined.

Design.—
Individual formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of small cell lung cancer and tissue microarrays comprising neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues were procured. Sections were cut and stained with DLL3 (SP347) assay. The slides were examined to determine prevalence, staining characteristics, and immunoreactivity.

Results.—
Cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining was observed in 1040 of 1362 specimens of small cell lung cancer (76.4%). Homogenous and/or heterogeneous and partial and/or circumferential granular staining with varied intensities was noted. Immunoreactivity was also observed in other neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues.

Conclusions.—
Our study findings provided the profile of DLL3 staining characteristics that can be used for determining the level of DLL3 expression in small cell lung cancer.
Targeting AMP‐activated kinase impacts hepatocellular cancer stem cells induced by long‐term treatment with sorafenib
Authors: Bort Alicia , Sánchez Belén G. , Mateos‐Gómez Pedro A. , Vara‐Ciruelos Diana , Rodríguez‐Henche Nieves , Díaz‐Laviada Inés 
Published: April 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. HCC treatment is hindered by the frequent emergence of chemoresistance to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, which has been related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that self‐renew and often escape therapy. The key metabolic sensor AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) has recently been recognized as a tumour growth regulator. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of AMPK in the development of a stem cell phenotype in HCC cells. To this end, we enriched the CSC population in HCC cell lines that showed increased expression of drug resistance (ALDH1A1, ABCB1A) and stem cell (CD133, Nanog, Oct4, alpha fetoprotein) markers and demonstrated their stemness phenotype. These cells were refractory to sorafenib‐induced cell death. We report that sorafenib‐resistant cells had lower levels of total and phosphorylated AMPK as well as its downstream substrate, ACC, compared with the parental cells. Interestingly, AMPK knockdown with siRNA or inhibition with dorsomorphin increased the expression of stem cell markers in parental cells and blocked sorafenib‐induced cell death. Conversely, the upregulation of AMPK, either by transfection or by pharmacological activation with A‐769662, decreased the expression of ALDH1A1, ABCB1A, CD133, Nanog, Oct4, and alpha fetoprotein, and restored sensitivity to sorafenib. Analysis of the underlying mechanism points to hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α as a regulator of stemness. In vivo studies in a xenograft mouse model demonstrated that stem‐like cells have greater tumourigenic capacity. AMPK activation reduced xenograft tumour growth and decreased the expression of stem cell markers. Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK may serve as a novel target to overcome chemoresistance in HCC.
Beyond the aggregate score: Using multilevel modeling to examine trajectories of laboratory‐measured aggression
Authors: Chester David S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAggression is often measured in the laboratory as an iterative “tit‐for‐tat” sequence, in which two aggressors repeatedly inflict retaliatory harm upon each other. Aggression researchers typically quantify aggression by aggregating across participants’ aggressive behavior on such iterative encounters. However, this “aggregate approach” cannot capture trajectories of aggression across the iterative encounters and needlessly eliminates rich information in the form of within‐participant variability. As an alternative approach, I used multilevel modeling (MLM) to examine the slope of aggression across the 25‐trial Taylor Aggression Paradigm as a function of trait physical aggression and experimental provocation. Across two preregistered studies (combined N = 392), participants exhibited a modest decline in aggression. This decline reflected a reciprocal strategy, in which participants responded to an initially‐provocative opponent with greater aggression that then decreased over time to match their opponent's declining levels of aggression. Against predictions, trait physical aggression and experimental provocation did not affect participants’ overall trajectories of aggression. Yet, exploratory analyses suggested that the participants’ tendency to reciprocate their opponent's aggression with more aggression was greater at higher levels of trait physical aggression and attenuated among participants who had already been experimentally provoked by their opponent. These findings (a) illustrate several advantages of an MLM approach as compared with an aggregate approach to iterative laboratory aggression paradigms; (b) demonstrate that the magnifying effects of trait aggression and experimental provocation on laboratory aggression are stable over brief time‐frames; and (c) suggest that modeling the opponent's behavior on such tasks reveals important information.
Pressure‐Responsive Hierarchical Chiral Photonic Aerogels
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan , Lewis Lev , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPressure‐responsive chiral photonic aerogels are fabricated by combining liquid crystal self‐assembly and ice‐templating processes. The aerogels have a hierarchical structure in which the primary 2D chiral nematic structured walls of cellulose nanocrystals form ribbons that support a secondary 3D cellular network. Owing to the flexibility of the aerogels in solvent, the 3D structure of the aerogel can easily be transformed to a 2D structure by pressure‐induced rearrangement. The aerogels vary from white in color, which arises from light scattering, to a reflective photonic crystal displaying bright iridescent colors that depend on the immersed solvent. A solvent‐sensitive ink that shows quick color response to different solvents is designed using the pressure‐responsive photonic aerogel. This material demonstrates a new response mechanism for the design of smart and mechanoresponsive photonic materials.
Anion‐Sorbent Composite Separators for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chen , Shen Li , Shen Jianqiang , Liu Fang , Chen Gen , Tao Ran , Ma Shengxiang , Peng Yiting , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNovel composite separators containing metal–organic‐framework (MOF) particles and poly(vinyl alcohol) are fabricated by the electrospinning process. The MOF particles containing opened metal sites can spontaneously adsorb anions while allowing effective transport of lithium ions in the electrolyte, leading to dramatically improved lithium‐ion transference number tLi+ (up to 0.79) and lithium‐ion conductivity. Meanwhile, the incorporation of the MOF particles alleviates the decomposition of the electrolyte, enhances the electrode reaction kinetics, and reduces the interface resistance between the electrolyte and the electrodes. Implementation of such composite separators in conventional lithium‐ion batteries leads to significantly improved rate capability and cycling durability, offering a new prospective toward high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Limitations and Perspectives on Triplet‐Material‐Based Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Jin Yingzhi , Zhang Yanxin , Liu Yanfeng , Xue Jie , Li Weiwei , Qiao Juan , Zhang Fengling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have attracted broad attention and become a very energetic field after the emergence of nonfullerene acceptors. Long‐lifetime triplet excitons are expected to be good candidates for efficiently harvesting a photocurrent. Parallel with the development of OPVs based on singlet materials (S‐OPVs), the potential of triplet materials as photoactive layers has been explored. However, so far, OPVs employing triplet materials in a bulk heterojunction have not exhibited better performance than S‐OPVs. Here, the recent progress of representative OPVs based on triplet materials (T‐OPVs) is briefly summarized. Based on that, the performance limitations of T‐OPVs are analyzed. The shortage of desired triplet materials with favorable optoelectronic properties for OPVs, the tradeoff between long lifetime and high binding energy of triplet excitons, as well as the low charge mobility in most triplet materials are crucial issues restraining the efficiencies of T‐OPVs. To overcome these limitations, first, novel materials with desired optoelectronic properties are urgently demanded; second, systematic investigation on the contribution and dynamics of triplet excitons in T‐OPVs is necessary; third, close multidisciplinary collaboration is required, as proved by the development of S‐OPVs.
Spatiotemporal Information Processing Emulated by Multiterminal Neuro‐Transistor Networks
Authors: He Yongli , Nie Sha , Liu Rui , Jiang Shanshan , Shi Yi , Wan Qing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAll external sensory stimuli produce a spatiotemporal pattern of action potentials, which is transmitted to the biological neural system to be processed. The relative timing of synaptic spikes from different presynaptic neurons represents the features of the stimuli. A fundamental prerequisite in cortical information processing is the discrimination of different spatiotemporal input sequences. Here, capacitively coupled multiterminal oxide‐based neuro‐transistors are proposed for spatiotemporal information processing, mimicking the dendritic discriminability of different spatiotemporal input sequences. The experimental results demonstrate that such multiterminal neuromorphic devices can act as spatiotemporal information processing compartments for fundamental cortical computation. Also, as an example of spatiotemporal information processing, sound location functionality of the human brain is also emulated by constructing a simple artificial neural network based on such oxide‐based multiterminal neuro‐transistors.
Fast‐and‐Giant Photorheological Effect in a Liquid Crystal Dimer
Authors: Aya Satoshi , Salamon Péter , Paterson Daniel A. , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Araoka Fumito , Jákli Antal , Buka Ágnes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMechanically responsive organic materials can change their viscoelastic properties in response to external stimuli. However, materials that exhibit highly contrasting viscoelastic properties coupled with fast and reversible switching between the states involved have remained elusive. Here, it is shown that a nonsymmetric photoresponsive liquid crystal dimer exhibits photoswitching of its viscoelastic properties (shear viscosity, storage, and loss moduli) with remarkable contrast of up to 106 while transitioning between crystal and nematic phases. This switching is reversible and takes less than 100 s for both forward (trans‐cis photoisomerization) and backward (cis‐trans photoisomerization) reactions due to the coexistence of two allotropes containing two types of stereoisomers. This combination of highly contrasting viscoelastic behavior with fast and reversible switching establishes a whole new performance level for mechanically responsive organic materials and offers very considerable application potential in such diverse areas as photoswitchable adhesives, in vibration control, and as novel brakes.
Suppressing Lithium Dendrite Growth via Sinusoidal Ripple Current Produced by Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Zailei , Wang Zhong Lin , Lu Xianmao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLithium metal as an ultimate anode material of future rechargeable batteries may furnish the highest energy density for its pairing cathode, although preventing the growth of lithium dendrites in liquid electrolytes is a major challenge. This work reports that stable lithium metal anodes can be achieved by charging with high‐frequency sinusoidal ripple current generated by rotating triboelectric nanogenerators (R‐TENGs). Compared with constant DC current charging, sinusoidal ripple current charging by R‐TENG improves the uniformity of lithium deposition during cycling test. Consequently, symmetric Li/Li cells exhibit lower overpotential and better cycling stability. In addition, full cells assembled with lithium metal anodes and LiFePO4 cathodes show considerably improved capacity retention when charged by R‐TENG's sinusoidal ripple current (99.5%) compared to constant current (78.7%) after 200 cycles. The charging strategy device in this work provides a promising direction toward improving the cycle life of Li metal batteries. In addition, the combination of R‐TENGs with Li metal batteries offers an encouraging solution for achieving stable energy supply in self‐powered systems.
A single loss of photosynthesis in the diatom order Bacillariales (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Onyshchenko Anastasiia , Ruck Elizabeth C. , Nakov Teofil , Alverson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2019

Premise of the StudyLoss of photosynthesis is a common and often repeated trajectory in nearly all major groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes. One small subset of “apochloritic” diatoms in the genus Nitzschia have lost their ability to photosynthesize and require extracellular carbon for growth. Similar to other secondarily nonphotosynthetic taxa, apochloritic diatoms maintain colorless plastids with highly reduced plastid genomes. Although the narrow taxonomic breadth of apochloritic Nitzschia suggests a single loss of photosynthesis in their common ancestor, previous phylogenetic analyses suggested that photosynthesis was lost multiple times.MethodsWe analyzed genes from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes for a broad set of taxa to test whether photosynthesis was lost one or multiple times in Bacillariales. We also sequenced and characterized the plastid genome of a nonphotosynthetic Nitzschia species.Key ResultsPhylogenetic analyses showed that genes from all three genetic compartments either supported or failed to reject monophyly of apochloritic Nitzschia species, consistent with a single loss of photosynthesis in this group. The plastid genomes of two apochloritic Nitzschia are highly similar in all respects, indicating streamlining of the plastid genome before the split of these two species.ConclusionsA better understanding of the phylogeny and ecology of apochloritic Nitzschia, together with emerging genomic resources, will help identify the factors that have driven and maintained the loss of photosynthesis in this group of diatoms. Finally, some habitats host diverse communities of co‐occurring nonphotosynthetic diatoms, reflecting resource abundance or resource partitioning in ecologically favorable habitats.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Nitriles: Synthetic Homoenolate Equivalents
Authors: Wright Timothy B. , Turnbull Ben W. H. , Evans P. Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐amino nitriles is described. This protocol provides a novel approach for the construction of β‐stereogenic carbonyl derivatives via the catalytic asymmetric alkylation of a homoenolate equivalent. The particularly challenging nature of this transformation is highlighted by the fact that three modes of selectivity must be manipulated, namely regio‐ and enantioselectivity, in addition to geometrical control. The γ‐stereogenic cyanoenamine products can be readily hydrolyzed in situ to afford the β‐substituted carboxylic acids, which in turn provide expedient access to a number of related carbonyl derivatives. Additionally, control experiments indicate that the chiral rhodium‐allyl intermediate facilitates the selective formation of the E‐cyanoenamine products, which is critical since the Z‐isomer affords significantly lower enantiocontrol.
A rare complication of accidental dural puncture during epidural insertion for labour analgesia
Authors: Shields N. , Innes E. , Goodman J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryA 33‐year‐old multiparous term parturient requested an epidural for labour analgesia. An accidental dural puncture was noted at the time of epidural needle insertion and an intrathecal catheter was placed. The intrathecal catheter was removed 10 h later and was noted to be intact. The following day, there was a significant leak of clear fluid from the catheter insertion site. Cerebrospinal fluid was detected using beta‐trace protein testing. The patient remained asymptomatic and we deduced the cause could be a cutaneous fistula. Similar published reports have suggested the causes of similar presentations could include leakage of interstitial oedema, local anaesthetic or cerebrospinal fluid. It is important to consider the diagnosis of clear fluid leakage following an accidental dural puncture and the management of a cerebrospinal fluid‐cutaneous fistula in the absence of neurological symptoms.
PVDF/BaTiO3/carbon nanotubes ternary nanocomposites prepared by ball milling: Piezo and dielectric responses
Authors: González‐Benito Javier , Olmos Dania , Martínez‐Tarifa Juan Manuel , González‐Gaitano Gustavo , Sánchez Freddy A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTNanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filled with barium titanate, BaTiO3, (BT) particles, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by high‐energy ball milling (HEBM) and subsequent hot pressing. This method of materials preparation allowed obtaining uniform dispersions of the nanofillers. The influence of the particles on the polymer structure and morphology was studied. To understand the origin of changes in the PVDF properties, thermal and electrical behaviors of the PVDF/BT/MWCNT nanocomposites were studied as a function of composition. The addition of BT, MWCNT, or its mixture had not any influence on the PVDF polymorphism. However, calorimetric results pointed out that the presence of the nanofillers exerted nucleation mainly ascribed to the surface to volume ratio of the nanoparticles. The capacitance of the composites increased as the nanofiller content increased, being the effect mainly dependent on the surface to volume ratio of the nanoparticles. The dielectric behavior of the materials as a function of frequency was modeled by a Debye equivalent circuit only below the percolation threshold respect to the amount of MWCNT. The piezoelectric behavior of the ternary nanocomposites was highly affected by the incorporation of the nanofillers only when high dielectric losses occurred above the percolation threshold. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47788.
Ultraviolet‐protective thin film based on PVA–melanin/rod‐coated silver nanowires and its application as a transparent capacitor
Authors: Albano Luiz Gustavo Simão , Paulin João Vitor , Trino Luciana Daniele , Fernandes Silvia Leticia , Graeff Carlos Frederico de Oliveira 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMelanin is a biopigment in many organisms with interesting intrinsic properties suitable for emerging and sustainable technologies. In this work, we report the fabrication of transparent ultraviolet (UV)‐protective thin films based on synthetic melanin in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrixes. Melanin was synthesized through the auto‐oxidation of l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) under oxygen pressure, resulting in excellent solubility in water. A thin film with a composition of 3 wt % melanin (synthesized at 6 atm oxygen pressure) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited on the surface has good transparency in visible light and 100% UV irradiation photoprotection. Encapsulated PVA–melanin/AgNW films dipped in water for 7 days retained 98% of their UV irradiation photoprotection. Moreover, using a transparent conductive oxide substrate, this UV‐protective system can be simultaneously used as a transparent capacitor. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47805.
Syntheses of α‐Amino Acids by Using CO2 as a C1 Source
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds is currently one of the most active research topics in organic chemistry, because CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, and renewable C1 source. However, CO2 is also a thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert gaseous compound, and as such, special strategies are required to activate CO2 and incorporate it into organic compounds. In particular, because the carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen atom of amine derivatives is positively charged, umpolung carboxylation, which is a difficult chemical process, should be considered for the production of α‐amino acids by using CO2. In this Minireview, we summarize recent synthetic methods for α‐amino acids that use CO2 as a carboxylic acid unit.
On the simultaneous stabilization for a family of time‐varying linear systems under the transmission condition
Authors: Liu Liu , Lu Yufeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with the simultaneous stabilization problem for a family of discrete time‐varying linear systems in the framework of nest algebra. Under the transmission condition, a necessary and sufficient condition for simultaneous "stabilizability" is established in terms of single strong representation for only one controller in the transmission condition, in which the resulting characterization involves no strong representation of the plants compared to previous work.
A parametric lifetime model for a multicomponents system with spatial interactions
Authors: Corset F. , Fouladirad M. , Paroissin C. , Remy E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a system made of n components displayed on a structure (eg, a steel plate). We define a parametric model for the hazard function, which includes covariates and spatial interaction between components. The state (nonfailed or failed) of each component is observed at some inspection times. From these data, we consider the problem of model parameter estimation. To achieve this, we suggest to use the SEM algorithm based on a pseudo‐likelihood function. A definition for the time‐to‐failure of the system is given, generalizing the classical cases. A study based on numerical simulations is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.