bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of bleeding control in hemorrhagic cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case presentation with literature review
Authors: Takayanagi Shunsuke , Mori Keita P. , Kubo Shigeto , Mishima Natsumi , Watanabe Tomoka , Asou Mea , Taniguchi Misaki , Miyauchi Miho , Higashi Yoshiaki , Handa Takaya , Endo Tomomi , Matsubara Takeshi , Tsukamoto Tatsuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), renal and hepatic cystic infections are common complications, sometimes frequent and refractory. Hemorrhagic complications are often present in these cases. Owing to the diversity of patient backgrounds, the treatment of these complications has not been standardized. Here we report three cases that suggest the significance of detecting and treating hemorrhagic complications in cases of cyst infection.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 46-year-old man on low-dose aspirin for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome presented with fever, left flank pain, and gross hematuria. He had a history of frequent renal cyst infections. Imaging studies revealed a hemorrhagic cyst infection of the left kidney and acute kidney injury. He was treated with ciprofloxacin and tranexamic acid, and aspirin was discontinued. Subsequently, infection and bleeding successfully improved after treatment for 2 months. To date, cyst infection has not recurred. Case 2: A 70-year-old man on eicosapentaenoic acid for dyslipidemia presented with fever and left flank pain which was diagnosed as a hemorrhagic cyst infection of the left kidney. He had a history of renal cyst infection. Hemorrhagic cyst infection of the left kidney was made with imaging studies and positive blood cultures. Ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were administered, and eicosapentaenoic acid was discontinued. The infection and bleeding resolved after treatment for 1 month. To date, cyst infection has not recurred. Case 3: A 63-year-old man on chronic maintenance hemodialysis receiving warfarin for atrial fibrillation and cardiogenic cerebral embolism presented with fever, back pain, and hypotension. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT), he was diagnosed with hemorrhagic cyst infection of the liver. Despite multidrug antibiotic therapy and discontinuation of warfarin, the bleeding tendency did not improve, and he died after 3 months.

Conclusions
Since cyst hemorrhage might be an aggravating complication in the treatment of refractory and recurrent cyst infections in patients with ADPKD, we believe that a careful imaging evaluation should be performed to detect cyst hemorrhage in these cases.
Reflection on a professional advisory group to inform the use of patient empowerment tools within an implementation science research project
Authors: Woolley Katherine E. , Jones Nia J. , Letchford Robert , Withers Kathleen L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProfessional advisory groups, with patient and public involvement (PPI) representatives, can be used for co-production within research projects. This paper aims to document the benefits and challenges of undertaking stakeholder and participant engagement for an implementation research project within NHS (National Health Service) Wales. A patient focused research project, initiated by clinicians, on the use of patient empowerment tools within standard patient care, used a professional advisory group to identify appropriate tools to use within the research proposal. The professional advisory group was made up of therapists, NHS stakeholders, academics and PPI representatives. A hybrid-meeting style was employed to optimise participation for all members of the group. Benefits of the professional advisory group included increased engagement and ownership of the study due to co-creation, and obtaining important contextual information and lived experience. However, challenges included keeping the discussion on topic due to pre-conceived agendas, pleasing everyone in the room due to varied backgrounds, and technological issues. Future professional advisory groups should consider how to facilitate the full involvement of PPI representatives within the discussion and having a variety of resources to present the topic of discussion. Furthermore, clearly communicating what the purpose and direction of the research project is and how it fits into the wider system, should be carefully considered. Overall, it was recognised that the professional advisory group was of significant value to shape the research proposal. Due to the situational challenges faced by healthcare professional within the NHS and preconceived ideas for solutions, it is hoped that by involving stakeholders early in the process there will be greater acceptance and usability of the research findings.
Imaging of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum in adults, an infrequent entity: pictorial essay
Authors: Whittle Carolina , Maldonado Ignacio , Campos Oscar , Orellana Franco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
An intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) is an infrequent abnormality consisting of a sac-like projection within the duodenum secondary to a congenital web of the membrane in the second portion of the duodenum near the papilla of Vater, due to incomplete lumen recanalization of the embryological foregut, with a typical imaging appearance of a “windsock.”
The purpose is to present the radiological and tomographic findings characteristics of “IDD.”

Results
The IDD in barium upper gastrointestinal imaging and computed tomography (CT) was presented. On upper barium gastrointestinal examination, it is possible to detect an intraluminal duodenal image, that can be distended with gas or barium contrast and delimited by a thin wall (halo sign), mimicking a windsock or a double lumen. On CT, it is possible to identify a windsock sign on the duodenum, most often on the second part, distended by gas and contrast agent.

Conclusion
IDD imaging in barium upper gastrointestinal imaging and CT is pathognomonic of this infrequent entity in adults that needs to be recognized by the radiologist. In our small series, IDD images of the windsock sign on barium studies and the characteristic presentation on CT can help to exclude another duodenal conditions, guiding appropriate management.
Delineating resilience in children with cleft lip and palate (CL/P): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yusof Muhammad Safwan , Ibrahim Hasherah Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Resilience refers to an individual’s ability to thrive despite adversity. Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) face numerous challenges during school age due to speech and aesthetic differences compared to typically developing (TD) children. This study aims to compare the resilience levels between Malaysian children with CL/P and TD children, utilizing the Malay-translated Resilience Scale-10 (RS-10)© ([Wagnild, Resilience scale for children (RS10) user’s guide 2015, n.d]).

Results
A total of 121 Malaysian children comprising 52 CL/P and 69 TD children between the ages of 7 to 12 years participated in this study. Among the children with CL/P, 49 exhibited intelligible speech with mild to moderate differences, while three had severely reduced intelligibility. Participants completed the RS-10 online with parental assistance. The total mean scores of resilience for TD and CL/P were 30.80 ± 4.28 and 33.15 ± 6.01 respectively. The t-test results showed no significant differences in resilience scores between groups and across genders. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference between age groups. Regression analysis revealed that age and group were marginally significant predictors of resilience scores. Specifically, each additional year of age was associated with a 0.47-point reduction in RS-10 scores highlighting coping difficulties associated with CL/P in older children.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the resilience of Malaysian children with CL/P, showing they can achieve resilience levels similar to their TD peers, particularly when speech outcomes are favourable.
Sarcopenia and low prognostic nutritional index as markers of disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and predictors of poor outcome: a cohort longitudinal study
Authors: Sherif Mirella , Fouad Rabab , Elbaz Tamer , Awadalla Maryse , Tantawi Omnia , Negm Mohamed , El-kareem Dalia Abd , Naguib Ibrahim , Shehab Hany , Badary Hedy A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are the gastro-intestinal diseases of the current century. They are described by alternating periods of activity & remission. The assessment of severity is classically done by scoring systems for each disease which depend on patients’ symptoms, inflammatory markers, endoscopic findings, and disease impact on functional activities. The current study focused on some of the potentially modifiable risk factors for activity, not involved in classic scoring systems like sarcopenia & Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in a group of IBD studied cases.

Results
A prospective study on 146 patients with established diagnosis of IBD; divided into two groups; Group1 were studied cases in activity; and Group 2 were patients in remission. Both groups were subjected to clinical assessment, laboratory tests, endoscopies, cross-sectional imaging with specific attention to psoas muscle indices. Both groups were followed up clinically for at least 6 months by clinical activity scores. In this research, the mean patients’ age was 35 years and 45% were females; the prevalence of sarcopenia in studied cases with active IBD had been 49.3% & 6.8% in remission. It was more prevalent in Crohn’s disease. Sarcopenia and low PNI were significantly related to disease activity, & poor clinical outcome in studied cases with IBD with a p- value < 0.05.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia and low PNI can be used as markers of activity of IBD. They are associated with worse outcomes. It is recommended to early detect and manage sarcopenia and malnutrition in IBD patients to improve outcomes.
Common and specific factors in psychological treatment of personality pathology
Authors: Keulen-de Vos Marije , Clercx Maartje 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) has been widely used for a broad range of mental health problems for several decades and has been researched extensively. Its techniques are relatively easy to learn and follow in treatment protocols. Many new CBT-based psychotherapies have been developed that go further than traditional CBT, some specifically addressing personality disorders. These so-called third-wave approaches target emotional responses to situations by using strategies such as mindfulness exercises and acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings (observing thoughts as ‘from afar’). In this article, we discuss the historical context of these therapies, dissect common and specific factors in some treatment modalities often used to treat personality disorders, and suggest potential future directions for research and treatment.
Securing the base: the need for attachment-informed interventions in the perinatal period
Authors: Ayre Karyn , McLoughlin Caoimhe 
Published: December 2024

Summary
‘Each has shaped the other.’1
Evidence abounds on the salience of attachment to early development and beyond. In 2018, Adshead distilled the relevance of 20 years of attachment theory to psychiatric practice.2 We argue research funders must move one step further: develop the evidence around perinatal attachment-informed interventions.
Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Galvin James E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term describing two closely related conditions: Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). LBD is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia but is often underrecognized in clinical practice. This review covers the key epidemiologic, clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and biomarker features of LBD and discusses current treatment options.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Indicative biomarkers of LBD improve the ability to make a diagnosis and include single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the dopamine system (brain) and the noradrenergic system (cardiac), and polysomnography. α-Synuclein–specific biomarkers in spinal fluid, skin, plasma, and brain imaging are in active development with some available for clinical use. Prodromal stages of PDD and DLB have been contextualized, and diagnostic criteria have been published. An emerging theme is whether an integrated staging system focusing on protein aggregation, rather than clinical symptoms, may advance research efforts.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
LBD is a common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults but is often subject to significant delays in diagnosis and treatment, increasing the burden on patients and family care partners. Understanding key features of disease and the use of biomarkers will improve recognition. Earlier detection may also facilitate the development of new therapeutics and enrollment in clinical trials.
LATE, Hippocampal Sclerosis, and Primary Age-related Tauopathy
Authors: Ramanan Vijay K. , Graff-Radford Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Although Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia, neurologists must be aware of other etiologies that can mimic the amnestic-predominant syndrome and medial temporal brain involvement typically associated with AD. This article reviews recent updates surrounding limbic-predominant age-related transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE), hippocampal sclerosis, and primary age-related tauopathy.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
LATE neuropathologic change occurs in approximately 40% of autopsied older adults, including occurrences in isolation in some older individuals with amnestic cognitive impairment. LATE neuropathologic change is often, but not always, associated with hippocampal sclerosis (neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus and associated structures) and frequently coexists with AD and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Although there is no direct clinical biomarker for TDP-43 pathology, recent studies suggest that a clinical diagnosis of LATE can be achieved through the integration of multiple data points. Primary age-related tauopathy refers to the pathologic finding (in some cognitively unimpaired older adults as well as some individuals with cognitive impairment) of medial temporal–predominant neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Recent consensus frameworks have attempted to resolve ambiguities of nomenclature and diagnosis for these entities, and efforts toward in vivo biomarkers are ongoing.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
LATE, with or without hippocampal sclerosis, and primary age-related tauopathy belong in the differential diagnosis (along with AD, argyrophilic grain disease, and other disorders) for slowly progressive amnestic-predominant cognitive impairment, particularly in individuals older than 75 years. Accurate recognition of clinical and diagnostic test features supportive of these non-AD entities is vital to optimize patient counseling, therapeutic selection, and novel biomarker development.
Implementing New Dementia Care Models in Practice
Authors: Ramanan Vijay K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Care for patients with Alzheimer disease and related neurodegenerative causes of dementia is in the midst of a transformation. Recent advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics reflect a rapidly evolving knowledge base and represent positive steps for patients and clinicians facing these progressive diseases; however, the complexities of emerging biomarkers and treatment options present challenges that will require systematic adaptations to routine care to facilitate effective incorporation of these options. This article reviews ongoing updates in the assessment and management of neurodegenerative causes of dementia, focusing on practical models for innovation that practices and health care systems can use to implement these new tools. In particular, sustainable adaptation in the field will benefit from a comprehensive approach implemented at local levels, including (1) education of clinicians and communities to refine perceptions about dementia care, (2) multifaceted stakeholder engagement to optimize infrastructure and workflows to the new era, and (3) investments in personnel to address existing and exacerbated gaps.
Treatment of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Geldmacher David S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Symptom-oriented treatment has been the mainstay of Alzheimer disease (AD) pharmacotherapy for decades. This article reviews the evidence basis for symptomatic treatments for AD and the emerging data on amyloid-lowering therapies with possible disease-slowing effects.

LATEST DEVELOPMENT
Amyloid-lowering monoclonal antibody therapies entered clinical use in 2021. In July 2023, lecanemab became the first of these to gain full US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and limited Medicare payment coverage. Donanemab gained similar approval status in July 2024. The approved agents remove amyloid plaque from the brain and appear to slow clinical disease progression but can produce significant adverse events known as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with cerebral edema or effusion and with cerebral hemorrhages. Extensive safety monitoring is therefore required, including scheduled MRI scans. Also in 2023, brexpiprazole became the first agent specifically approved by the FDA for agitation associated with AD. Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, previously was approved for the treatment of insomnia in people with mild and moderate AD.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
There is robust evidence for the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for patients with mild, moderate, and severe dementia due to AD, including outcomes beyond changes in cognitive screening test scores. More limited studies support the use of memantine in moderate and severe stages. These agents have a primary effect of delaying decline in cognition and function and postponing the emergence of adverse behaviors. Pharmacotherapy for behavioral and psychological symptoms is less predictable, and most clinical trials have had negative results. Anti-amyloid therapies provide the first FDA-approved option to alter AD pathology, but an understanding of overall utility and value to patients remains in its infancy.
Genetics and Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Dementias
Authors: Scholz Sonja W. , Cobos Inma 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article provides an overview of the current understanding of the genetic and pathologic features of neurodegenerative dementias, with an emphasis on Alzheimer disease and related dementias.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
In recent years, there has been substantial progress in genetic research, contributing significant knowledge to our understanding of the molecular risk factors involved in neurodegenerative dementia syndromes. Several genes have been linked to monogenic forms of dementia (eg, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, SNCA, GRN, C9orf72, MAPT) and an even larger number of genetic variants are known to influence susceptibility for developing dementia. As anti-amyloid therapies for patients with early-stage Alzheimer disease have entered the clinical arena, screening for the apolipoprotein E ε4 high-risk allele has come into focus, emphasizing the importance of genetic counseling. Similarly, advances in the pathologic classifications of neurodegenerative dementia syndromes and molecular pathology highlight their heterogeneity and overlapping features and provide insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Recent progress in neurogenetics and molecular pathology has improved our understanding of the complex pathogenetic changes associated with neurodegenerative dementias, facilitating improved disease modeling, enhanced diagnostics, and individualized counseling. The hope is that this knowledge will ultimately pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics.
Homecoming After Brexit: Evidence on Academic Migration From Bibliometric Data
Authors: Sanlitürk Ebru , Aref Samin , Zagheni Emilio , Billari Francesco C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study assesses the initial effects of the 2016 Brexit referendum on the mobility of academic scholars to and from the United Kingdom (UK). We leverage bibliometric data from millions of Scopus publications to infer changes in the countries of residence of published researchers by the changes in their institutional affiliations over time. We focus on a selected sample of active and internationally mobile researchers whose movements are traceable for every year between 2013 and 2019 and measure the changes in their migration patterns. Although we do not observe a brain drain following Brexit, we ﬁnd evidence that scholars’ mobility patterns changed after Brexit. Among the active researchers in our sample, their probability of leaving the UK increased by approximately 86% if their academic origin (country of ﬁrst publication) was an EU country. For scholars with a UK academic origin, their post-Brexit probability of leaving the UK decreased by approximately 14%, and their probability of moving (back) to the UK increased by roughly 65%. Our analysis points to a compositional change in the academic origins of the researchers entering and leaving the UK as one of the ﬁrst impacts of Brexit on the UK and EU academic workforce.
Tango6 regulates HSPC proliferation and definitive haematopoiesis via Ikzf1 and Cmyb in caudal haematopoietic tissue
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Feng Zhi , Su Ming , Liu Chenchen , Xi Yuan , Chen Huan , Luo Lingfei , Tian Xin , Zhao Fangying , Li Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and migrate to the caudal haematopoietic tissue (CHT) in zebrafish, where nascent HSPCs undergo tightly controlled proliferation and differentiation to promote definitive haematopoiesis. Effective expansion of HSPCs requires the coordination of well-established vesicle trafficking systems and appropriate transcription factors. However, the underlying molecules are yet to be identified. Using large-scale genetic screening of zebrafish larvae, Tango6 of the coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicle trafficking system was found to be indispensable for HSPC proliferation and definitive haematopoiesis. Homozygous tango6cq72 mutants display defective expansion of HSPCs in the CHT and compromised haematopoiesis. However, haematopoietic overexpression of Tango6 promoted haematopoietic expansion. tango6 deficiency caused a decline in RNA polymerase II subunit B and accumulation of DNA damage, which suppressed cell expansion in a P53-dependent manner. ikzf1 and cmyb (myb), two indispensable haematopoietic transcription factors, are targets of P53 and are used by tango6 in haematopoiesis. The haematopoietic phenotype was partially recovered by compensating for loss of ikzf1 and cmyb in tango6cq72 mutants. This study reveals a vesicle trafficking-mediated Tango6-P53-Ikzf1/Cmyb axis in zebrafish definitive haematopoiesis.