bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal nutritional restriction during gestation impacts differently on offspring muscular and elastic arteries and is associated with increased carotid resistance and ventricular afterload in maturity
Authors: Zócalo Yanina , Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Pérez-Clariget Raquel , Bia Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Intrauterine undernutrition could impact offspring left ventricle (LV) afterload and arterial function. The changes observed in adulthood could differ depending on the arterial type, pathway and properties studied. Aim: To analyze whether undernutrition during early and mid-gestation is associated with changes in cardiovascular properties in adulthood.Methods:Pregnant ewes were assigned to one of the two treatment groups: (1) standard nutritional offer (high pasture-allowance, HPA; n = 16) or (2) nutritional restriction (50–75% of control intake) from before conception until day 122 of gestation (≈85% term) (low pasture allowance, LPA; n = 17). When offspring reached adult life, cardiovascular parameters were assessed in conscious animals (applanation tonometry, vascular echography).Measurements:Peripheral and aortic pressure, carotid and femoral arteries diameters, intima-media thickness and stiffness, blood flow, local and regional resistances and LV afterload were measured. Blood samples were collected. Parameters were compared before and after adjustment for nutritional characteristics at birth and at the time of the cardiovascular evaluation.Results:Doppler-derived cerebral vascular resistances, mean pressure/flow ratio (carotid resistance) and afterload indexes were higher in descendants from LPA than in descendants from HPA ewes (p < 0.05). Descendants from LPA had lower femoral diameters (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular changes associated with nutritional restriction during pregnancy did not depend on the offsprings’ nutritional conditions at birth and/or in adult life.Conclusion:Pregnant ewes that experienced undernutrition gave birth to female offspring that exhibited increased carotid pathway resistances (cerebral microcirculatory resistances) and LV afterload when they reached the age of 2.5 years. There were differences in the impact of nutritional deficiency on elastic and muscular arteries.
Morphology of Nightside Subauroral Ionospheric Convection: Monthly, Seasonal, Kp, and IMF Dependencies
Authors: Maimaiti M. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Kunduri B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study we have used 7 years (2011–2017) of quiet (Kp ≤ 2+) to moderately disturbed (Kp = 3) time nightside line‐of‐sight measurements from six midlatitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars in the U.S. continent to characterize the subauroral convection in terms of magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, month, season, Kp, and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle. Our results show that (1) the quiet time (Kp ≤ 2+) subauroral flows are predominantly westward (20–90 m/s) in all months and become meridional (−20–20 m/s) near dawn and dusk, with the flows being the strongest and most structured in December and January. (2) The Kp dependency is prominent in all seasons such that for higher Kp the premidnight westward flow intensifies and the postmidnight eastward flow starts to emerge. (3) Sorting by IMF clock angle shows Bz+/Bz− features consistent with lower/higher Kp conditions, as expected, but also shows distinct differences that are associated with By sign. (4) There is a pronounced latitudinal variation in the zonal flow speed between 18 and 2 magnetic local time in winter (November to February) that exists under all IMF conditions but is most pronounced under IMF Bz− and higher Kp. Our analysis suggests that the quiet time subauroral flows are due to the combined effects of solar wind/magnetosphere coupling leading to penetration electric field and the neutral wind dynamo with the ionospheric conductivity modulating their relative dominance.
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, Intraplate Strain, and Relative Sea Level Changes in the Eastern United States
Authors: Ding Kaihua , Freymueller Jeffrey T. , He Ping , Wang Qi , Xu Caijun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDetermining the motion of the North American plate is difficult due to horizontal intraplate deformation, caused mainly by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in the parts of the plate that are not deforming tectonically. Determination of plate motions also depends on whether the geocenter of the geodetic reference frame coincides with the center of plate rotation. Any difference/error in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame geocenter will introduce an apparent deformation of the plate. We address the plate rotation and what correction models can best account for this internal deformation. We use continuous GPS sites located far from active tectonic boundaries to derive the velocity field in the eastern United States with uncertainties based on a colored noise model. We hypothesize that the velocities will be described by a rigid plate model once the deformation due to GIA and any geocenter/plate rotation center errors have been removed. We find the smallest intraplate residuals with both a geocenter correction and the ICE‐6G model applied. We further compare the coastal GPS vertical velocities with mean relative sea level change rate and find a ~1.9 mm/year difference, which matches the long‐term average global sea level change rate from tide gauges. The entire North American plate is deforming when analyzed at the ~1 mm/year level, and there is no instantaneously stable part due to the long‐wavelength GIA deformation. An accurate estimate of plate rotation cannot be determined from a geographic subset of the plate but only by removing the strain component via a GIA model or a simultaneous estimation of the spatially varying strain rate.
Heat Flow in Earth's Core From Invariant Electrical Resistivity of Fe‐Si on the Melting Boundary to 9 GPa: Do Light Elements Matter?
Authors: Silber Reynold E. , Secco Richard A. , Yong Wenjun , Littleton Joshua A. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of liquid Fe alloys are the least constrained parameters in Earth's outer core (OC). These parameters are important as they modulate energy budget available for the geodynamo and affect the spatiotemporal evolution of the core. We report results of electrical resistivity measurements on solid and liquid Fe‐4.5 wt%Si from 3–9 GPa using a large volume multianvil press. The internally modified 18/11 octahedron cell was used to maintain the geometry of the liquid sample and to delay the onset of contamination. Electrical resistivity of solid Fe‐4.5Si decreases steadily with pressure and is very sensitive to increasing temperature‐driven onset of phase transitions. Along the melting boundary and within error, electrical resistivity remains constant and assumes the same value of 120 μΩcm as observed in pure liquid Fe. The results are interpreted in the context of icosahedral short‐range order (ISRO) structures that exhibit higher concentration with increasing pressure. Along the melting line, the increasing concentration of ISROs reduces charge carrier mean free path and prevents decrease of electrical resistivity with increasing pressure as seen in liquid metals, Cu, Ag, and Au, which do not have ISROs. In light of recent developments in understanding of the structure and dynamics of liquid transition metals and alloys, we postulate that our findings are applicable to other Fe alloys in the OC with small light element (C, S, and O) content. We calculated an adiabatic heat flow of 9.4–12 TW at the OC‐CMB interface, which admits thermal convection.
Vegetation and Ocean Feedbacks on the Asian Climate Response to the Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Ran , Jiang Dabang , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe growth of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the important forcings acting on the evolution of the Asian climate during the Cenozoic. However, whether vegetation and ocean feedbacks play a specific role in the Asian climate response to TP uplift remains unclear. Here we investigate this issue through a set of numerical experiments with the Community Earth System Model. The results indicate that vegetation and ocean feedbacks have important but different effects on the Asian climate change in association with TP uplift, which are intrinsically related to the adjustment of thermal structure. The vegetation feedback leads to excess annual precipitation in East China and South Asia and a weakening of the Asian winter monsoon winds and winter middle‐ and high‐level tropospheric westerly winds from South Asia to the northwestern Pacific. By comparison, the ocean feedback induces a deficit of annual precipitation particularly in most areas of the Bay of Bengal, Malay Peninsula, and the South China Sea, a weakening of the Asian summer and winter monsoon winds, and a strengthening of the winter middle‐ and high‐level tropospheric westerly winds from South Asia to the northwestern Pacific. These results highlight the importance of vegetation and ocean feedbacks and further facilitate a better understanding of the paleoclimatic response to the uplift of the TP.
Exploring a Lower‐Resolution Physics Grid in CAM‐SE‐CSLAM
Authors: Herrington Adam R. , Lauritzen Peter H. , Reed Kevin A. , Goldhaber Steve , Eaton Brian E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the implementation of a coarser‐resolution physics grid into the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), containing
fewer grid columns than the dynamics grid. The dry dynamics is represented by the spectral element dynamical core, and tracer transport is computed using the Conservative Semi‐Lagrangian Finite Volume Method (CAM‐SE‐CSLAM). Algorithms are presented that map fields between the dynamics and physics grids while maintaining numerical properties ideal for atmospheric simulations such as mass conservation and mixing ratio shape and linear‐correlation preservation. The results of experiments using the lower‐resolution physics grid are compared to the conventional method in which the physics and dynamical grids coincide. The lower‐resolution physics grid provides a volume mean state to the physics computed from an equal sampling of the different types of nodal solutions arising in the spectral‐element method and effectively mitigates grid imprinting in regions with steep topography. The impact of the coarser‐resolution physics grid on the resolved scales of motion is analyzed in an aquaplanet configuration, across a range of dynamical core grid resolutions. The results suggest that the effective resolution of the model is not degraded through the use of a coarser‐resolution physics grid. Since the physics makes up about half the computational cost of the conventional CAM‐SE‐CSLAM configuration, the coarser physics grid may allow for significant cost savings with little to no downside.
Human mesenchymal stem cells promote tumor growth via MAPK pathway and metastasis by epithelial mesenchymal transition and integrin α5 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jiang , Ji Tong , Wu Di , Jiang Shi , Zhao Jie , Lin Hui , Cai Xiujun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear to be a potential vehicle for anticancer drugs due to their excellent tumor tropism ability. However, the interactions between MSCs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are quite controversial and the underlying mechanisms are ambiguous. In this study, an investigation was conducted into the effect of human MSCs (hMSCs) on tumor proliferation and metastasis both in xenograft and orthotopic models. It was discovered that hMSCs could promote tumor growth though activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and promote metastasis by epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo. To test whether hMSCs could induce immunosuppressive effects, the expression of the Natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56 was measured by immunohistochemical staining and the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by qRT-PCR. It was found out that CD56 expression significantly decreased, while TNF-α and IL-6 expression increased in the hMSCs-treated tissues. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing was performed, which led to a discovery that integrin α5 (ITGA5) was over-expressed in hMSCs-treated HCC. ITGA5 siRNAs blocked the hMSCs-induced migration and invasion of HCC, while over-expression of ITGA5 promoted the migration and invasion ability in HCC-hMSCs, indicating that the expression of ITGA5 is associated with hMSCs-induced tumor metastasis. These findings suggest that hMSCs may play a vital role in HCC proliferation and metastasis and could be identified as a putative therapeutic target in HCC.
33 years of globally calibrated wave height and wind speed data based on altimeter observations
Authors: Ribal Agustinus , Young Ian R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis dataset consists of 33 years (1985 to 2018), of global significant wave height and wind speed obtained from 13 altimeters, namely: GEOSAT, ERS-1, TOPEX, ERS-2, GFO, JASON-1, ENVISAT, JASON-2, CRYOSAT-2, HY-2A, SARAL, JASON-3 and SENTINEL-3A. The altimeter data have been calibrated and validated against National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) buoy data. Differences between altimeter and buoy data as a function of time are investigated for long-term stability. A cross validation between altimeters is also carried out in order to check the stability and consistency of the calibrations developed. Quantile-quantile comparisons between altimeter and buoy data as well as between altimeters are undertaken to test consistency of probability distributions and extreme value performance. The data were binned into 1° by 1° bins globally, to provide convenient access for users to download only the regions of interest. All data are quality controlled. This globally calibrated and cross-validated dataset provides a single point of storage for all altimeter missions in a consistent format.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning approach for modeling seasonality and trends in hand-foot-mouth disease incidence in mainland China
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Xu Chunjie , Zhang Shengkui , Yang Li , Wang Zhende , Zhu Ying , Yuan Juxiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe high incidence, seasonal pattern and frequent outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) represent a threat for millions of children in mainland China. And advanced response is being used to address this. Here, we aimed to model time series with a long short-term memory (LSTM) based on the HFMD notified data from June 2008 to June 2018 and the ultimate performance was compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and nonlinear auto-regressive neural network (NAR). The results indicated that the identified best-fitting LSTM with the better superiority, be it in modeling dataset or two robustness tests dataset, than the best-conducting NAR and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) methods in forecasting performances, including the minimum indices of root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. The epidemic trends of HFMD remained stable during the study period, but the reported cases were even at significantly high levels with a notable high-risk seasonality in summer, and the incident cases projected by the LSTM would still be fairly high with a slightly upward trend in the future. In this regard, the LSTM approach should be highlighted in forecasting the epidemics of HFMD, and therefore assisting decision makers in making efficient decisions derived from the early detection of the disease incidents.
Herbo-mineral formulation ‘Ashwashila’ attenuates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mice model
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Sakat Sachin Shridhar , Joshi Kheemraj , Paudel Sandeep , Joshi Deepika , Joshi Kamal , Ranjan Ravikant , Gupta Abhishek , Bhattacharya Kunal , Varshney Anurag 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects joints of hands and feet and introduces injury in secondary organs such as cardiac tissue. In the present study, we induced RA in male Balb/c mice (CAIA) using collagen-antibody cocktail (C-Ab) and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injections. Induction of RA in the animals was detected through the loss of body weight, food, and water consumption, pedal edema, increased arthritis score of the paw and ankle, increase in radiological and histological lesion score of ankle and knee joints and enhanced pain perception in the C-Ab induced RA animals. Ashwashila is a herbo-mineral medicine from Indian Ayurvedic system. Human equivalent doses of Ashwashila (ASHW) and standard of care, Methotrexate were given to the CAIA animals for two weeks. ASHW treatment significantly reversed the effect of C-Ab with reduced pedal edema, arthritis score, radiological and histological lesion scores in ankle-joint, knee-joint and articular cartilage, reduced pain perception. These effects were comparable with the Methotrexate treatment. In human monocytic (THP-1) cells, ASHW was found to be biocompatible at in-vitro test doses. The anti-arthritis mechanism of action for ASHW was established through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; and upstream regulator, NF-κB. Taken together, we show the pre-clinical efficacy of ASHW in reducing RA associated symptoms by controlling inflammation and suggest it as a potential therapeutic candidate for rheumatoid arthritis.
Biopesticides improve efficiency of the sterile insect technique for controlling mosquito-driven dengue epidemics
Authors: Pleydell David R. J. , Bouyer Jérémy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVarious mosquito control methods use factory raised males to suppress vector densities. But the efficiency of these methods is currently insufficient to prevent epidemics of arbovirus diseases such as dengue, chikungunya or Zika. Suggestions that the sterile insect technique (SIT) could be “boosted” by applying biopesticides to sterile males remain unquantified. Here, we assess mathematically the gains to SIT for Aedes control of either: boosting with the pupicide pyriproxifen (BSIT); or, contaminating mosquitoes at auto-dissemination stations. Thresholds in sterile male release rate and competitiveness are identified, above which mosquitoes are eliminated asymptotically. Boosting reduces these thresholds and aids population destabilisation, even at sub-threshold release rates. No equivalent bifurcation exists in the auto-dissemination sub-model. Analysis suggests that BSIT can reduce by over 95% the total release required to circumvent dengue epidemics compared to SIT. We conclude, BSIT provides a powerful new tool for the integrated management of mosquito borne diseases.
First stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa and upcoming events between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Morgado B. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Assafin M. , Lainey V. , Vieira-Martins R. , Camargo J. I. B. , Braga-Ribas F. , Boufleur R. C. , Fabrega J. , Machado D. I. , Maury A. , Trabuco L. L. , de Barros J. R. , Cacella P. , Crispim A. , Jaques C. , Navas G. Y. , Pimentel E. , Rommel F. L. , de Santana T. , Schoenell W. , Sfair R. , Winter O. C. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Bright stellar positions are now known with an uncertainty below 1 mas thanks to Gaia DR2. Between 2019–2020, the Galactic plane will be the background of Jupiter. The dense stellar background will lead to an increase in the number of occultations, while the Gaia DR2 catalogue will reduce the prediction uncertainties for the shadow path.
Aims. We observed a stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa (J2) and propose a campaign for observing stellar occultations for all Galilean moons.
Methods. During a predicted period of time, we measured the light flux of the occulted star and the object to determine the time when the flux dropped with respect to one or more reference stars, and the time that it rose again for each observational station. The chords obtained from these observations allowed us to determine apparent sizes, oblatness, and positions with kilometre accuracy.
Results. We present results obtained from the first stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa observed on 2017 March 31. The apparent fitted ellipse presents an equivalent radius of 1561.2 ± 3.6 km and oblatenesses 0.0010 ± 0.0028. A very precise Europa position was determined with an uncertainty of 0.8 mas. We also present prospects for a campaign to observe the future events that will occur between 2019 and 2021 for all Galilean moons.
Conclusions. Stellar occultation is a suitable technique for obtaining physical parameters and highly accurate positions of bright satellites close to their primary. A number of successful events can render the 3D shapes of the Galilean moons with high accuracy. We encourage the observational community (amateurs included) to observe the future predicted events.
Standardization of requirements to operation of buildings and facilities
Authors: Mamin Alexandr , Kodysh Emil , Bobrov Vladimir 
Published: May 2019

Safe operation, reliability and durability of capital facilities (hereinafter – CF) are becoming more and more topical.
All phases except operation (including all types of maintenance and repairs) and demolition were covered by regulatory requirements, while operation as the longest phase in CF life and the final stage - demolition were not included into regulations until recently. There were industry specific codes for nonproduction and industrial buildings and facilities and documents derived from them, but they were inconsistent, lead time to repair differed even for similar structures and operation conditions and these discrepancies did not allow setting the specific frequency of repairs which resulted in neglected defects and damages shortening the life of buildings and structures or causing accidents.
In 2015, the authors, in team with other experts, developed SP 255.1325800.2016 “Buildings and structures. Rules of operation. Key provisions” (hereinafter - SP 255), setting general requirements to operation of buildings and structures under regular conditions, but the diversity of buildings’ functions required the development of numerous codes of practice derived from SP 255 and some of them were drafted in 2016-2018.
Codes of operation practice will (if elaborated) contribute to the reduction of operation and maintenance costs and ensure required safety of capital facilities.