bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic acclimation—a key to enhancing photosynthesis in changing environments?
Authors: Herrmann Helena A , Schwartz Jean-Marc , Johnson Giles N 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlants adjust their photosynthetic capacity in response to their environment in a way that optimizes their yield and fitness. There is growing evidence that this acclimation is a response to changes in the leaf metabolome, but the extent to which these are linked and how this is optimized remain poorly understood. Using as an example the metabolic perturbations occurring in response to cold, we define the different stages required for acclimation, discuss the evidence for a metabolic temperature sensor, and suggest further work towards designing climate-smart crops. In particular, we discuss how constraint-based and kinetic metabolic modelling approaches can be used to generate targeted hypotheses about relevant pathways, and argue that a stronger integration of experimental and in silico studies will help us to understand the tightly regulated interplay of carbon partitioning and resource allocation required for photosynthetic acclimation to different environmental conditions.
Changing patterns of household decision-making and the education of rural migrant children: comparing Shenzhen and Mumbai
Authors: Goodburn Charlotte 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In both China and India, migrant families face difficult decisions about education and livelihoods. In China, migrant children have limited access to urban schools, because of high documentary barriers to enrolment. In India, administrative barriers are fewer, but other structural factors, including households’ need for child labour, restrict opportunities. Although much research globally has explored household negotiations leading to migration, we know little about livelihoods decision-making processes after initial migration. How is decision-making affected by changes in household dynamics as a result of moving to the city? Drawing on over 300 interviews with migrants in Shenzhen and Mumbai from 2007 to 2016, this article compares the ways that Chinese and Indian rural-migrant households negotiate their children’s limited access to education, and demonstrates significant shifts within families after the initial rural–urban movement in both countries. Mothers in particular gain greater roles in developing household strategies, and more attention is paid to the voices of (some, mostly male) children. However, contrary to existing literature on non-migrant populations, increased maternal and child autonomy within the migrant household does not necessarily result in educational gains. Instead, the exercise of agency outside the household remains highly constrained by structural factors including poverty and marginalisation, education policies, and gendered social relations.
Acute Calcific Periarthritis of the Hand: A Case Report in an Active Duty Soldier
Authors: Reifsnyder Jeremy W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Acute calcific periarthritis of the hand is a condition that can easily be misdiagnosed resulting in unnecessary diagnostic studies and treatment. The condition is thought to be benign with a self-resolving course. The author presents a case of an active duty 29-year-old male who presented to a military emergency department with severe atraumatic hand pain developing overnight with initial concern for flexor tenosynovitis. Following orthopedic consultation, he was determined to have acute calcific periarthritis of the small finger (metacarpophalangeal) MCP joint with resolution over approximately 3 weeks without recurrence over a 5-month period. This case report reviews the natural history of acute calcific deposits of the hand and its correct identification through clinical exam and plain radiographs to avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing and invasive surgical interventions.
Mass–redshift degeneracy for the gravitational-wave sources in the vicinity of supermassive black holes
Authors: Chen Xian , Li Shuo , Cao Zhoujian 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Retrieving the mass of a gravitational-wave (GW) source is a fundamental but difficult problem because the mass is degenerate with redshift. In astronomy, three types of redshift exist, namely cosmological, Doppler, and gravitational redshift, but the latter two are normally too weak to affect the observation. In this Letter, we show that the current astrophysical models allow binary black holes (BBHs) to merge within 10 Schwarzschild radii of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). We find that in this case both the Doppler and gravitational redshift are significant, and in the most extreme condition they could increase the ‘apparent’ black-hole mass and distance by a factor of 1.9–3.4. We show that such a factor is consistent with the distribution in the distance-mass diagram of the 10 BBHs detected so far by LIGO/Virgo. We also discuss the difficulties of this redshift scenario caused by the low event rate predicted by the current models, as well the potential solutions.
The EMBL-EBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019
Authors: Madeira Fábio , Park Young mi , Lee Joon , Buso Nicola , Gur Tamer , Madhusoodanan Nandana , Basutkar Prasad , Tivey Adrian R N , Potter Simon C , Finn Robert D , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The EMBL-EBI provides free access to popular bioinformatics sequence analysis applications as well as to a full-featured text search engine with powerful cross-referencing and data retrieval capabilities. Access to these services is provided via user-friendly web interfaces and via established RESTful and SOAP Web Services APIs (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/seqdb/confluence/display/JDSAT/EMBL-EBI+Web+Services+APIs+-+Data+Retrieval). Both systems have been developed with the same core principles that allow them to integrate an ever-increasing volume of biological data, making them an integral part of many popular data resources provided at the EMBL-EBI. Here, we describe the latest improvements made to the frameworks which enhance the interconnectivity between public EMBL-EBI resources and ultimately enhance biological data discoverability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability.
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: Inciting Events and Their Association with Epidural Steroid Injection Outcomes
Authors: Engle Alyson Marie , Chen Yian , Marascalchi Bryan , Wilkinson Indy , Abrams Winfred B , He Cathy , Yao Ada Lyn , Adekoya Peju , Cohen Zared Orion , Cohen Steven Paul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Low back pain is the leading cause of worldwide disability, with lumbosacral radiculopathy accounting for over one-third of these cases. There are limited data on the relationship between etiologies and lumbosacral radiculopathy, and it is unknown whether specific causes predict treatment outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Subjects
This study explores patient-reported etiologies for lumbosacral radiculopathy in a chronic pain clinic between January 2007 and December 2015 and examines whether these causes affected epidural steroid injection outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of 1,242 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy who received epidural steroid injections. The recording of an inciting event was done contemporaneously based on note templates. A positive outcome following an epidural steroid injection was defined as ≥30% pain relief sustained for six or more weeks without additional intervention. Factors associated with epidural steroid injection outcome were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Fifty point seven percent reported an inciting event, and 59.9% of patients experienced a positive epidural steroid injection outcome. The most commonly reported causes were falls (13.1%), motor vehicle collisions (10.7%), and lifting (7.8%). Individuals with a herniated disc (56.3%) were more likely to report a precipitating cause than those with stenosis (44.7%) or degenerative discs (47.8%, P = 0.012). An inciting event did not predict treatment outcome. Factors associated with negative treatment outcome included opioid consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39–0.95, P = 0.027), secondary gain (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50–0.96, P = 0.030), and baseline pain score (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.97, P = 0.006). The number of levels injected was associated with a positive outcome (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.28–6.47, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Reported inciting events are common in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy but are not associated with outcome following epidural steroid injection, and their occurrence is not always consistent with the purported mechanism of injury.
URANIUM, THORIUM AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN FUKUSHIMA SOIL SAMPLES
Authors: Kasar S , Sahoo S K , Arae H , Mishra S , Tokonami S , Aono T 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUranium, thorium and rare earth elements (REEs) in soil samples contaminated by Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This information provides knowledge about concentration levels of REEs in soil samples as a background data after FDNPP accident. Chondrite-normalised REEs pattern does not show enrichment in concentrations of REEs, which could be related to FDNPP accident. The high concentration of these elements at few sampling points may be due to soil formation process from granitic rocks.
Are obesity indices derived by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry capable of identifying postmenopausal females with high risk for coronary heart disease?
Authors: Manios George E. , Perisinakis Kostas , Zacharis Evangelos A. , Simantirakis Emmanouel N. , Damilakis John 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive ability of obesity indices derived by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) regarding coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods:
DXA total body scans were performed on 71 consecutive postmenopausal women who were referred for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Twenty-four women with CHD diagnosed by MPI were considered as cases, whereas the remaining 47 women with normal MPI results were considered as controls. Biochemical markers, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were also recorded for all women and correlated to DXA adiposity indices. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of DXA and anthropometrically obtained obesity indices on predicting CHD.

Results:
Participants with CHD were found to have increased fat mass in the trunk (P < 0.01), in the android area (P < 0.01), and in the total body (P < 0.05) in agreement with the anthropometric indices WC (P < 0.01) and BMI (P < 0.05). Strong correlation was observed between BMI and fat mass in total body (R = 0.835), trunk (R = 0.731), and android (R = 0.796) and between WC and fat mass in android (R = 0.713). DXA-derived central fat indices were found to have higher potential for identification of individuals at high risk for CHD than BMI and WC but differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
DXA central fat indices were found to have the power to identify individuals with CHD; however, the superiority of DXA indices over the commonly used anthropometric indices (BMI, WC) in identifying women with CHD did not reach statistical significance.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AT THE ONSET OF EXUDATIVE CONVERSION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Waldstein Sebastian M. , Klimscha Sophie , Sadeghipour Amir , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Gerendas Bianca S. , Osborne Aaron , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:
To characterize retinal morphology differences among different types of choroidal neovascularization and visual function changes at the onset of exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
In a post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical study, 1,097 fellow eyes from subjects with choroidal neovascularization in the study eye enrolled in the HARBOR trial were evaluated. The onset of exudation was diagnosed on monthly optical coherence tomography by two masked graders. At conversion as well as 1 month earlier, pigment epithelial detachment, intraretinal cystoid fluid, subretinal fluid, subretinal hyperreflective material, as well as ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane loss were quantitatively analyzed. Hyperreflective foci, retinal pigment epithelial defects, haze and vitreoretinal interface status were evaluated qualitatively. Main outcome measures included visual acuity and rates of morphologic features at conversion and 1 month earlier.

Results:
New-onset exudation was detected in 92 eyes. One month before conversion, hyperreflective foci, pigment epithelial detachment, retinal pigment epithelial defects, and haze were present in the majority of eyes. At the onset of exudation, the volumes of intraretinal cystoid fluid, subretinal fluid, subretinal hyperreflective material and pigment epithelial detachment, and the areas of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone loss significantly increased. The mean vision loss was −2.2 letters. Pathognomonic patterns of the different choroidal neovascularization types were already apparent 1 month before conversion.

Conclusion:
Characteristic choroidal neovascularization–associated morphological changes are preceding disease conversion, while vision loss at the onset of exudation is minimal. Individual lesion types are related to specific changes in optical coherence tomography morphology already before the time of conversion. Our findings may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and support the diagnosis of imminent disease conversion.
Self-Management Through Social Support Among Emerging Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kamp Kendra J. , Luo Zhehui , Holmstrom Amanda , Given Barbara , Wyatt Gwen 
Published: April 2019

Background
Emerging adulthood is a unique developmental stage, which may affect individuals’ self-management behaviors, social support, and the relationship between these two constructs. Among older adults, social support has been shown to improve self-management behaviors for individuals with chronic conditions; however, this relationship has not been examined with emerging adults (age 18–29 years) who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objectives
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between two conceptualizations of social support (received and perceived availability of social support) and IBD-related self-management behaviors among emerging adults with IBD.

Methods
A convenience sample of emerging adult IBD individuals (currently prescribed medication to manage IBD) were recruited through ResearchMatch, Facebook, and word of mouth. The study was guided by key elements of the individual and family self-management theory. Participants responded to demographic and condition-specific questionnaires: the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors, the Medical Outcomes: Social Support Survey, the Medication Adherence Report Scale, and the Dietary Screener Questionnaire.

Results
Emerging adults with high received informational support reported greater medication adherence compared to those with low received informational support when controlling for biological medications, time since diagnosis, symptom frequency, and feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood. Neither type of social support was associated with diet modification.

Discussion
Received informational social support, medication type, time since diagnosis, symptoms, and emerging adulthood factors have the potential to influence medication adherence. Received informational social support interventions, such as patient-to-patient or group-based mentoring, may serve to improve medication adherence among emerging adults with IBD.
Evaluation of New Bone Formation Using Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft Combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Calvarial Defects
Authors: Kizildağ Alper , Taşdemir Ufuk , Arabaci Taner , Özmen Özlem , Kizildağ Canan Aksu , Iyilikci Berrin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contributions of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on new bone formation and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in rabbit calvarial defects. Twelve male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Three circular bone defects were prepared in each rabbit with a drill. These defects were divided into 3 groups: control, treated with ATBG, and treated with ATBG+PRF. The animals were sacrificed at 28 days. Samples were evaluated by histomorphometric analyses and total augmented area, new bone area and bone density were calculated. In addition, expression of BMP-2 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The total augmented area, new bone area and bone density were significantly greater in the ATBG group than in the control group (P <0.05). Also, these values were significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the ATBG group (P <0.05). Test groups demonstrated significantly increased BMP-2 levels compared with the control group (P <0.05). The present study suggested that ATBG combined with PRF significantly increased the new bone formation and enhanced bone healing in cranial defects.
Does Septoplasty Affect Hemoglobin and Erythropoietin Levels in Patients With Nasal Septal Deviation?
Authors: Karataş Mehmet , Olt Serdar 
Published: April 2019

Aim:
To investigate the effect of septoplasty in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) on erythropoietin (EPO) and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels.

Methods:
Between 2017 December and 2018 May, 47 patients with NSD who underwent septoplasty in Adiyaman University Medical Faculty Department of Otorhinolaryngology included in this prospective study. The changes in EPO and Hgb levels were studied before and 3 months after the surgery.

Results:
The mean age of the patients studied was 30.7 ± 9.9. 31 of the patients were male and 16 were female. Pre- and post-operative 3rd month mean EPO levels of the patients were 11.45 ± 4.9 Mu/mL and 11.39 ± 6.02 Mu/mL, respectively. When these values were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found (P = .93). Pre- and post-operative 3rd month mean Hgb levels were 14.6 g/dL, and 14.6 g/dL, in turn. When these values were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found (P = .68).

Conclusion:
According to these results, the author can say there is no statistically significant relationship between NSD and EPO or Hgb. Therefore, this issue will be enlightened with future studies including more patients and objective tests evaluating nasal patency.
How low can you go: Achieving postoperative outpatient pain control without opioids
Authors: Sim Vasiliy , Hawkins Samuel , Gave Asaf A. , Bulanov Alex , Elabbasy Fady , Khoury Leen , Panzo Melissa , Sim Elizabeth , Cohn Stephen 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND
Postoperative outpatient narcotic overprescription plays a significant role in the opioid epidemic. Outpatient opioid prescription ranges from 150 to 350 oral morphine equivalent (OME) for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy or appendectomy, with 75 OME (10 pills of 5 mg of oxycodone) being the lowest recommendation (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2018). We hypothesized that the addition of nonopioid medications to the outpatient pain control regimen would decrease the need for narcotics.

METHODS
In this prospective, observational pilot study, we prescribed a 3-day regimen of ibuprofen and acetaminophen to patients after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomies and appendectomies. An additional opioid prescription for 5 pills of 5 mg of oxycodone (37.5 OME) was written for breakthrough pain. During their postoperative visit, we evaluated patients' adherence to the pain control regime, their postdischarge opioid use, and the adequacy of their pain control.

RESULTS
Sixty-five patients were included in the study (52% male). The majority (80%) of surgeries were performed urgently or emergently. The visual analog scale pain score at home was significantly better than upon discharge (3.7 vs. 5.5, p = 0.001). The average number of oxycodone pills taken postdischarge was 1.8 pills. Half (51%) of the patients did not take any opioids. All but four patients reported that their pain was adequately controlled. No patient required additional opioid prescriptions or visited the emergency department.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that opioids can be eliminated in at least half of the patients and that five pills of 5 mg of oxycodone (37.5 OME) is sufficient for outpatient pain control when a 3-day course of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is prescribed.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level V.
Performance of bitumen coating sheet using biomass pyrolysis oil
Authors: Ren Yanru , Zhang Lei , Duan Wenfeng , Guo Jia , Han Zhongqiang , Heydenrych Michael D. , Zhang Aijun , Nie Kaili , Tan Tianwei , Liu Luo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe “green” production of bitumen has raised increasing interest in recent years to reduce the environmental, energy and petro-based concerns. Bio-oil, prepared by biomass pyrolysis, can be used as substitute for petro-based bitumen in bitumen or bitumen-based coatings, for its similar properties of good adhesion and anti-corrosion characteristics. Although biomass is a renewable and widespread chemicals resource, its value-added utilization is still difficult. Several studies have qualitatively demonstrated the use of bio-bitumen in practical applications. The present study investigates the effects and properties and the incorporation of bio-bitumen shown to improve the performance of traditional petro-bitumen to some extent. Bio-bitumen was prepared from biomass pyrolysis oil and applied to self-adhesive and doped hot-melt sheets. Resulting physical properties demonstrate that bio-bitumen is a potential substitute in bitumen coating sheet.IMPLICATIONSThis paper is intended to verify the effect of pyrolyzed bio-oil from wheat straw on the performance of bitumen, as well as the feasibility of application in the coating sheet. Up to now, the research on bio-bitumen is mainly in pavement bitumen. In the present research, bio-bitumen was applied to the coating sheet in different proportions. Interestingly, the prepared coating sheet exhibited higher adhesion. Other performances, such as temperature stability, mechanical strength and temperature flexibility of coating sheet showed improvement in the presence of bio- oil, which indicated the suitability of bio-oil in coating sheet bitumen.
Fronto-striatal Functional Connectivity Supports Reward-Enhanced Memory in Older Adults
Authors: Bowen Holly J. , Ford Jaclyn H. , Grady Cheryl L. , Spaniol Julia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBoth younger and older adults prioritize reward-associated stimuli in memory, but there has been little research on possible age differences in the neural mechanisms mediating this effect. In the current study, we examine neural activation and functional connectivity in healthy younger and older adults to test the hypothesis that older adults would engage prefrontal regions to a greater extent in the service of reward-enhanced memory. While undergoing MRI, target stimuli were presented after high or low-reward cues. The cues indicated the reward value for successfully recognizing the stimulus on a memory test 24-hours later. We replicated prior findings that both older and younger and adults had better memory for high compared to low-reward stimuli. Critically, in older, but not younger adults, this enhanced subsequent memory for high-reward items was supported by greater connectivity between the caudate and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. The findings add to the growing literature on motivation-cognition interactions in healthy aging, and provide novel evidence of an age-related shift in the neural underpinnings of reward-motivated encoding.