bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Domains and Postdischarge Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Huynh Quan L. , Negishi Kazuaki , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Hare James L. , Leung Dominic , Stanton Tony , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Cognitive impairment is a prevalent, independent marker of readmission in heart failure (HF), but the screening is time-consuming. This study sought (1) to identify HF patients at low risk of cognitive impairment (obviating screening) and (2) to simplify a predictive model of HF outcomes by only using cognitive domains that are most predictive.

Methods and Results:

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was performed in 1152 Australian patients with HF who were followed for 12 months. One-third (376/1152) of the patients were enrolled into an HF disease management plan to reduce early readmission. Postdischarge outcomes in HF included 30- and 90-day readmission or death and days alive and out of hospital within 12 months of discharge. Cognitive impairment—present in 54% of patients—independently predicted HF outcomes. Normal cognition could be predicted with common clinical and sociodemographic factors with good discrimination (C statistic=0.74 [0.69–0.78]). The visuospatial/executive and orientation domains were most predictive of HF postdischarge outcomes. Using either Montreal Cognitive Assessment score or these 2 domains provided similar incremental values (
P
=0.0004 and
P
=0.0008, respectively) in predicting HF outcomes (both C statistic=0.76) and could similarly identify a group of high-risk patients who benefited most from an HF disease management plan.

Conclusions:
Cognitive function independently predicts HF outcomes and may also contribute to how a patient responds to intervention. The time and resources spent on cognitive assessment for risk-stratification in HF may be minimized by (1) identifying patients with low risk of cognitive impairment and (2) simplifying the screening instrument to include only the domains that are most predictive of postdischarge outcomes in HF.
Art-Science Collaborations: Why Do They Matter to Medicine?
Authors: Wellbery Caroline 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Art-science collaborations between medical researchers and artists provide insight into their practical relevance. It is critical to recognize that while artists can communicate aspects of medical research to the public, art also opens up new avenues for representing relationships and may therefore jump-start creative ideas for new insights, technologies and collaborations. These in turn may improve teamwork, raise social or historical contextual awareness, or inspire product development.
Procedurally Generated Artworks Based on Multiple Sequence Alignment of Orthologous Gene Copies
Authors: Calvino Martin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, the author presents a novel approach to the procedural generation of artwork series based on multiple sequence alignment of orthologous gene copies. In the strategy developed, nucleotides present in a string of DNA (A, G, C, T) were each assigned to an existing artwork. New visual compositions were then created by collaging columns of pixels from each of the existing four artworks according to the arrangement of nucleotides after orthologous genes were aligned. The resulting outcome was a distinctive set of artworks in which visual differences were governed by nucleotide divergence at genes of interest due to evolutionary processes.
Theoretical Understanding of the Linear Relationship between Convective Updrafts and Cloud-Base Height for Shallow Cumulus Clouds. Part I: Maritime Conditions
Authors: Zheng Youtong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Zheng and Rosenfeld found linear relationships between the convective updrafts and cloud-base height zb using ground-based observations over both land and ocean. The empirical relationships allow for a novel satellite remote sensing technique of inferring the cloud-base updrafts and cloud condensation nuclei concentration, both of which are important for understanding aerosol–cloud–climate interactions but have been notoriously difficult to retrieve from space. In Part I of a two-part study, a theoretical framework is established for understanding this empirical relationship over the ocean. Part II deals with continental cumulus clouds. Using the bulk concept of mixed-layer (ML) model for shallow cumulus, I found that this relationship arises from the conservation law of energetics that requires the radiative flux divergence of an ML to balance surface buoyancy flux. Given a certain ML radiative cooling rate per unit mass Q, a deeper ML (higher zb) undergoes more radiative cooling and requires stronger surface buoyancy flux to balance it, leading to stronger updrafts. The rate with which the updrafts vary with zb is modulated by Q. The cooling rate Q manifests strong resilience to external large-scale forcing that spans a wide range of climatology, allowing the slope of the updrafts–zb relationship to remain nearly invariant. This causes the relationship to manifest linearity. The physical mechanism underlying the resilience of Q to large-scale forcing, such as free-tropospheric moisture and sea surface temperature, is investigated through the lens of the radiative transfer theory (two-stream Schwarzschild equations) and an ML model for shallow cumulus.
On the Nonlinear, Three-Dimensional Structure of Equatorial Oceanic Flows
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA systematic development, based on the construction of an asymptotic solution of the Euler equation, written in rotating, spherical coordinates , is used to investigate the flows of the type seen in the neighborhood of the Pacific equator. First, it is shown that the observed poleward surface-flow structure away from the line of the equator is possible only if the flow evolves (changes) in the azimuthal direction. Then, allowing for variations in the azimuthal direction, the shallow-water, small-Rossby-number version of the problem, approximated close to the equator, leads to an asymptotic formulation that admits any prescribed azimuthal velocity profile at some fixed longitude φ. The maximum extent of the flow region inside which we can describe in detail the velocity field is restricted by the size of the Rossby number. The analysis demonstrates that the meridional υ and vertical w velocity components are nonlinearly connected to u, and that all three velocity components appear at the same order in the leading (scaled) equations, even though the physical size of w is very much smaller than that of the other two components. An appropriate choice is made for u, at a given φ, and the corresponding complete three-dimensional flow field, which emerges from the interlinkage of the velocity components, is described; the thermocline is also added to the flow configuration. We compare these results with the available field data, demonstrating that this formulation captures all the main structures of the flow field, but also allows for many choices to be made that can be used to adjust the details of the flow and to model other, similar flows.
The Influence of Objective and Perceived Adaptive Capacity on Midwestern Farmers’ Use of Cover Crops
Authors: Gardezi Maaz , Arbuckle J. Gordon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCover crops are grown between periods of regular crop production or planted into crops with the primary purpose of protecting and improving soil health. These crops possess several resilience-enhancing properties that are well suited to help farmers adapt to climate change. Through an “adaptive capacities framework,” we examine how farmers’ adaptive capacities—contextualized within institutional and environmental conditions—can influence their decision to use cover crops. We use generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to examine the relative importance of (i) “internal” variables—farmers’ perceived capacity to act; (ii) “external” or “objective” resources—assets and entitlements; and (iii) contextual variables—the institutional and environmental context within which adaptation occurs, as predictors of farmers’ use of cover crops. Our results suggest that several objective and perceived adaptive capacities are positively associated with farmers’ decisions to use cover crops, and formal institutions such as risk management subsidies are correlated with lower use of cover crops.
The Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Doody Jaime , Adil Eelam A. , Trenor Cameron C. , Cunningham Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of unknown etiology. Studies investigating the molecular and genetic determinants of JNA are limited by small sample size and inconsistent approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine all eligible JNA studies in aggregate, applying qualitative analysis to highlight areas of particular relevance, including potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to all citations. Manuscripts investigating the genetic determinants, histopathogenesis, and heritability of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were included. Non-English studies, case reports, and articles focusing on clinical management without original data were excluded. Full text articles were obtained. A qualitative synthesis of data was performed. Results: A total of 59 articles met criteria for inclusion. These were divided into 6 categories based on the primary topic or target discussed, (1) steroid hormone receptors, (2) chromosomal abnormalities, (3) growth factors, (4) genetic targets, (5) molecular targets, (6) Wnt cell signaling, and (7) studies that overlapped multiple of the aforementioned categories. Although relatively low n values prevent definitive conclusions to be drawn, a predominance of certain molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway intermediaries is apparent. Conclusions: Although the etiology of JNA remains elusive, contemporary molecular genetic investigation holds promise for risk stratification and could form the basis of a modernized staging system. A multicenter clinical registry and linked tissue bank would further promote the search for JNA specific biomarkers.
The Ironic Legacy of an Opus Dei Bishop: Native Priests and Andean Catholicism in Postconflict Apurímac, Peru
Authors: Lee Christine 
Published: May 2019

Since the end of the civil war, the diocese of Abancay in the south-central Peruvian Andes has produced a clergy made up entirely of men born and raised in the diocese where they now work. Yet, ironically, this diocese was specifically criticized by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for its lack of engagement with local Andean populations. Abancay is a politically and theologically conservative diocese strongly influenced by the Opus Dei bishop who trained this generation of native clergy, but it is also a diocese in the process of forging a new relationship between Andeanness and institutional Catholicism. Desde el final de la guerra civil, la diócesis de Abancay, en los Andes peruanos del centro-sur, ha producido un clero formado exclusivamente por hombres nacidos y criados en la diócesis donde trabajan actualmente. Sin embargo, irónicamente, esta diócesis fue criticada específicamente por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación por su falta de compromiso con las poblaciones andinas locales. Abancay es una diócesis política y teológicamente conservadora fuertemente influenciada por el obispo perteneciente al Opus Dei que formó a esta generación de clérigos nativos, pero también es una diócesis en el proceso de forjar una nueva relación entre la identidad andina y el catolicismo institucional.
Intercultural Disagreement: Implementing the Right to Prior Consultation in Peru
Authors: Ilizarbe Carmen 
Published: May 2019

How do state and indigenous representatives process disagreement? What challenges does cultural difference pose to intercultural dialogue? An analysis of the debates that preceded the implementation of the right to prior consultation of indigenous peoples in Peru points to the normative orientation toward consensus that informs the design of processes of intercultural dialogue and concludes that the structure and foundations of disagreement must be taken into account for fair, democratic dialogue to exist. ¿Cómo procesan el desacuerdo los representantes estatales e indígenas? ¿Qué retos plantea la diferencia cultural al diálogo intercultural? Un análisis de los debates que precedieron la implementación del derecho a la consulta previa de los pueblos indígenas en Perú apunta a la orientación normativa hacia el consenso que informa el diseño de los procesos de diálogo intercultural y concluye que la estructura y los fundamentos del desacuerdo deben tomarse en cuenta para que exista un diálogo justo y democrático.
Long-term safety and tolerability of erenumab: Three-plus year results from a five-year open-label extension study in episodic migraine
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Goadsby Peter J , Reuter Uwe , Silberstein Stephen , Dodick David , Rippon Gregory A , Klatt Jan , Xue Fei , Chia Victoria , Zhang Feng , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D 
Published: May 2019

Background Previously published three-month placebo-controlled and one-year open-label clinical trial data have provided information on the efficacy and safety of erenumab. Methods Interim analysis was undertaken from an ongoing five-year open-label treatment phase after all patients completed three years in the open-label treatment phase or discontinued the study. Adult patients with episodic migraine enrolled in the open-label treatment phase initially received 70 mg erenumab monthly. A protocol amendment increased the dosage to 140 mg monthly to assess long-term safety of the higher dose. Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events, electrocardiograms, laboratory assessments, and vital signs. Results Of 383 patients enrolled in the open-label treatment phase, at data cutoff 235 (61.3%) remained in the study, all received 140 mg for ≥1 year. Median (Q1, Q3) exposure (70 or 140 mg) for all patients enrolled was 3.2 (1.3, 3.4) years. The most frequent adverse events (≥4.0/100 patient-years) were reported as viral upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, influenza, and back pain. Exposure-adjusted serious adverse event rates were 4.2/100 patient-years. There was no increase in cardiovascular events over time. Conclusions In this long-term study of a CGRP-receptor antibody, erenumab was found to be safe and well-tolerated with a spectrum and rate of adverse events consistent with shorter-term placebo-controlled studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01952574
Chronic Pain, Physical Activity, and All-Cause Mortality in the US Adults: The NHANES 1999-2004 Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kim Youngdeok , Umeda Masataka 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the relationship between chronic pain and the risk of all-cause mortality and (2) to explore the role of physical activity (PA) in this relationship. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2004. Participants: A total of 7384 adults aged ≥40 years old. Measures: Chronic pain and PA were assessed based on the responses to miscellaneous pain and leisure-time PA questionnaires collected during the household interview. The 2011 mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were linked to the NHANES participants. Analysis: Cox proportional hazard analyses after accounting for the complex sampling design of the NHANES. Results: After adjusting for several key covariates including sociodemographic variables, chronic health conditions, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, individuals with localized or widespread chronic pains showed greater risk of all-cause mortality when compared to individuals with no chronic pain (hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.26 and 1.41, respectively). However, the association was attenuated by further adjustment of PA levels, where engagement of PA ≥150 min/wk was associated with reduced risk of mortality regardless of chronic pain conditions ( P for trends between <.001 and .028). The joint analysis further demonstrated that individuals with localized or widespread chronic pains who had PA ≥150 min/wk had lower risk of mortality (HRs = 0.53 and 0.58, respectively) when compared to those without chronic pain who reported no leisure time PA. Conclusion: This study highlighted the important role of PA in reducing the risk of mortality for individuals with chronic pain. Further public health efforts to promote PA in this vulnerable population group are required.
Development and Application of a Novel Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on QoL and Facial Aesthetics—A Study on South Indian Population
Authors: Menon Akash , Krishnan Shalini , Shetty Vikram 
Published: May 2019

Background: The goal of cleft therapy has progressed from simply correcting the deformity to uplifting the patient’s quality of life (QoL). At the end of comprehensive treatment, a patient with cleft lip and palate (CLP) should report with satisfactory QoL scores in all domains such as aesthetics, speech, function, and psychology. Objective: To develop and validate a novel, disease-specific questionnaire designed in 2 regional languages to assess the QoL in young adult patients with CLP of South India following comprehensive treatment. Methods: A preliminary questionnaire was created from the literature review and patient interviews, considering regional sociodemographic conditions. The questionnaire was then validated by subject experts and pilot tested. The resultant tool was implemented on patients at treatment completion. Data collected were assimilated for statistical evaluation. Results: The questionnaire was deemed reliable (Cronbach α = .854 and test–retest reliability, κ = 0.8) and was administered to 100 young adult patients with CLP (mean age: 22 years). A large majority (83%) of the population felt more confident about themselves, with positive responses to familial relations, social interaction, and self-image. About 25% of the patients faced problems with speech regularly, while a majority of patients did not face problems with chewing and swallowing. Nearly 60% of patients were fully satisfied with their facial appearance, while others had concerns about their lip and nose aesthetics. The results were descriptive of the local population. Conclusions: Most patients achieved satisfactory QoL in all domains following comprehensive multispeciality therapy. The novel tool is simple, reliable, and can be adapted to homogenous population groups.
Massive iridoschisis after penetrating keratoplasty successfully managed with nd:Yag punctures: A case report
Authors: Petrovic Aleksandra , Kymionis Georgios 
Published: May 2019

Background: To describe the successful management of a massive iridoschisis after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus, using the nd:YAG punctures. Case presentation: A 73-year-old male patient has undergone four penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus. Nine months after the last surgery, patient presented with massive iridoschisis involving the visual axis. Patient was successfully treated with nd:YAG laser iridopunctures. Conclusion: Massive iridoschisis could be a potential complication of keratoconus, especially after penetrating keratoplasty. This condition can be potentially treated with nd:YAG iridopunctures.
Ultrasound-guided central venous vascular access—novel needle navigation technology compared with conventional method: A randomized study
Authors: Chew Sou Chen , Beh Zhi Yuen , Hakumat Rai Vineya Rai , Jamaluddin Mohamad Fadhil , Ng Ching Choe , Chinna Karuthan , Hasan M Shahnaz 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Central venous catheter insertion is a common procedure in the intensive care setting. However, complications persist despite real-time ultrasound guidance. Recent innovation in needle navigation technology using guided positioning system enables the clinician to visualize the needle’s real-time position and trajectory as it approaches the target. We hypothesized that the guided positioning system would improve performance time in central venous catheter insertion. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted in a single-center adult intensive care unit. In total, 100 patients were randomized into two groups. These patients underwent internal jugular vein central venous catheter cannulation with ultrasound guidance (short-axis scan, out-of-plane needling approach) in which one group adopted conventional method, while the other group was aided with the guided positioning system. Outcomes were measured by procedural efficacy (success rate, number of attempts, time to successful cannulation), complications, level of operators’ experience, and their satisfaction. Results: All patients had successful cannulation on the first attempt except for one case in the conventional group. The median performance time for the guided positioning system method was longer (25.5 vs 15.5 s; p = 0.01). And 86% of the operators had more than 3-year experience in anesthesia. One post-insertion hematoma occurred in the conventional group. Only 88% of the operators using the guided positioning system method were satisfied compared to 100% in the conventional group. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion via internal jugular vein was a safe procedure in both conventional and guided positioning system methods. The guided positioning system did not confer additional benefit but was associated with slower performance time and lower satisfaction level among the experienced operators.