bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enclosing the Collection
Authors: Martelli Francesca K. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on the enframing effect that ad Fam., as a composite sixteen-book unit, imposes on its content. One significant frame is found in Fam. 1 and Fam. 15, at either end of the collection, which ask to be read in dialogue with one another because they track the same spatial trajectory, albeit in reverse: both books consist of correspondence between Rome and the eastern province of Cilicia, where Lentulus Spinther, Cicero’s main correspondent in Fam. 1, and Cicero himself in Fam. 15 were provincial governors. In dwelling on this province on the periphery of Roman power shortly before it was dissolved into other provinces and placed under the administrative control of the emperor, these letter books represent the enclosure of late republican space, and the marking off of the Roman from the non-Roman world at the point in historical time that ad Fam. delineates. However, the spatial concerns of these books extend beyond geopolitical forms of enclosure to encompass social forms of alienation and inclusion as well, as both Cicero and Lentulus experience their proconsular tenures as forms of exile and/or social exclusion from the factional political scene in Rome. This chapter considers how the act of positioning these letter books at opposite ends of the collection has the effect of writing Lentulus and Cicero in the mirror image of each other and draws out the implications of this resemblance for the collection that these letter books enclose.
Prison History and Private Prisons
Authors: Looman Mary D. , Carl John D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, readers of this new edition will find a new chapter containing a host of information that was not present in the first edition of the book. This chapters provides a backdrop to the modern Western prison system, looking specifically at how inmates have for centuries been profit centers for those who desire to make quick, easy money. The chapter discusses the history of both public and private prisons to give readers a more complete understanding of how prisons have been used in the past, so that it may enlighten their perspective on the present and the future.
World War I and Its Aftermath
Authors: Grymes James A. , Kusz Veronika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
At the beginning of World War I, Dohnányi returned to Budapest, where he proudly sent his sister word of the son he had just had with actress Elsa Galafrés, who would later become his second wife. Dohnányi joined the faculty of the Academy of Music and proposed sweeping reforms to the curriculum that were ultimately rejected. During the political turmoil that followed World War I, Dohnányi was named director of the academy, instead of the long-standing violin professor Jenő Hubay, but was unable to implement his reforms before being removed as director by a new political regime. It was during this period that he testified on behalf of Zoltán Kodály for the Academy of Music disciplinary board. Dohnányi would not immediately return to the academy, but would instead continue to build his international reputation as a pedagogue and performer with interviews and other writings.
Serbia and the Serbs Before the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Medieval Serbia arose with the Roman Empire’s decline and the accompanying migrations of so-called barbarians—Slavs and Serbs—into Roman territory. It rose to become the most powerful state in the Balkans by the first half of the fourteenth century, then declined, finally disappearing from the map of Europe when conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the mid-fifteenth. The modern Serbian state that arose in the early nineteenth century was not straightforwardly the continuation of medieval Serbia, but the latter left a foundation on which the former could be built. The long Ottoman occupation added a layer to this foundation, decisively shaping the character of the eventual modern nation-state.
The Serbian Uprisings
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modern Serbia arose from the Sanjak of Smederevo. This Ottoman administrative unit roughly corresponded to the region of Šumadija, modern Serbia’s heartland. The social, economic and geopolitical circumstances of this region, on the Habsburg Empire’s border, combined explosively: its Orthodox Serbs were increasingly oppressed, exploited and fractious yet retained the residual communal autonomy granted them by the Ottomans—a starting point for their bid for statehood. Meanwhile, across the border in Austria, Serb national life flourished. Austria, which since 1687 incorporated Hungary and which in 1804 would be formally constituted as the Empire of Austria, served as a wrecking ball to weaken Ottoman rule in the sanjak while mobilizing Serbs to fight it. These factors produced a revolution in the sanjak in the first two decades of the nineteenth century. Historiography traditionally divides this into the First and Second Serbian Uprisings, though they formed a continuous process of resistance divided by a briefly successful episode of Ottoman repression. The revolution resulted in a reborn Serbian statehood, that began as little more than limited autonomy based on the existing Ottoman framework and its traditional Serb institutions, whose enhancement the Ottomans permitted so as to re-establish order.
The Constitutionalist Era
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Constitutionalist regime presided over the birth of a Rechtsstaat involving constitutional government, a modern bureaucracy and full private property rights. Yet this involved the oligarchy and bureaucracy growing culturally apart from the peasantry, dividing Serbia into distinct worlds of elite and people. This division would increasingly influence Serbian politics as the century progressed. Serbia’s transformation in this period was accelerated by its increasing integration into the wider European world— diplomatically, economically and culturally. This found expression in the birth of modern nationalism, pioneered by Ilija Garašanin with his “Plan” and his military intervention to defend the Habsburg Serbs. Nationalism was the preoccupation of Serbs, such as Garašanin and Vuk Karadžić, who had been educated abroad or exposed to foreign ideas. Serbia’s intervention against the Hungarians marked its emergence as an independent international actor and catalyzed the development of its officer corps and military industry along modern European lines. These social, economic and cultural changes provoked a populist backlash against the regime that fueled an opposition combining conservative oligarchs, the Obrenović dynasty’s supporters and a new faction in Serbian politics: the liberals.
Liberals, Socialists and Nationalism from Below
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prince Mihailo's shift by 1867 to a more moderate, flexible foreign policy, ready to achieve Serbia’s national goals through collaboration with the Habsburg Empire, made Liberal disillusionment with him complete. His domestic policy having also created many losers from among the old Obrenovićite camp, his regime was faced by 1867–1868 with a dangerously burgeoning domestic opposition. This catalyzed a split in the ruling elite between the Conservatives and a new Court Liberal faction, while from the ranks of the Liberal-nationalist opposition a more radical socialist-nationalist current emerged. Mihailo’s assassination, though executed by fringe malcontents, expressed the strong, widespread opposition to his regime that had developed by 1868. The split that had emerged in it between Conservatives and Court Liberals enabled the latter to take power after his death, through controlling the army and appeasing the desire for liberal constitutional reform, resulting in a new constitution and establishment of controlled parliamentarism. Yet this did not quell pressure for more radical change. The nationalism of the opposition, first Liberal, then socialist, not only demanded a more aggressive reckoning with the Ottoman enemy but was directed against Serbia’s own governing institutions created since the 1830s and against cultural Westernization of its elite.
A Royal ‘Honour Killing’
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conspiracy to murder King Aleksandar and Queen Draga united civilian conspirators, who came predominantly from the authoritarian and anti-democratic or at least anti-Radical segment of the elite, and younger officer-conspirators who reflected a paradoxical synthesis: as children of Milan's army, they inherited his elitism and contempt for political parties, constitutionalism and democracy, but as restless young men they imbibed the zeitgeist from the contemporary opposition press, with its ferocious hostility to the notion of royal tyranny and often demagogic championing of the idea of liberty. Formally, the conspirators did not seek a military dictatorship but embraced the demands of the legal opposition to the regime, for constitutional and parliamentary government. In practice, the conspiracy incubated a force in Serbian politics that would obstruct this. The brutal 1903 putsch, catalyzed by extreme misogyny, marked the end not only of the Obrenović dynasty but also of the political traditions represented by the civilian conspirators and their friends. All future court regimes in Serbia were based on alliances with elements of the Radicals. Though the civilian conspirators dominated the first post-putsch government, none played a significant role in Serbian politics thereafter. The military conspirators, by contrast, would play a decisive role.
Radical–Conspirator Condominium
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Following the 1903 putsch, power in Serbia was inherited firstly by the military conspirators who had executed the putsch, secondly by the Radical party. In the putsch’s immediate aftermath, the Radicals still enjoyed the support of most of Serbia’s population. Meanwhile the conspirators formally obtained key positions in the army and informally established control over the entire officer corps. The initial collaboration and later conflict of the two factions determined the course of Serbian politics in this period. The Radical party completed its division into two separate parties—the “Old” Radicals and Independent Radicals. Its electoral hegemony was consequently replaced by a bitter rivalry between these two fractions. The domestic struggle became also a struggle over international alignment. Austria- Hungary supported the conspirators in opposition to the pro-Russian, pro-French Radicals, while conservative Serbian politicians supported Austria-Hungary as the Radicals’ enemy. The period 1903–1914 has been idealistically viewed as the “golden age” of Serbian parliamentary democracy. But the reality was military interference in parliamentary politics and the army’s politicization. With Old Radicals and Independents regularly accusing each other of capitulating to Austria-Hungary, governments found it difficult to manage foreign policy independently of nationalist public opinion.
The Balkan Wars and the Road to World War I
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 1903 putsch ended the long struggle over Serbia’s constitutional order, allowing Serbia’s political classes to focus on pursuing national goals. Radical ideology increasingly diverged between a conservative, Old Radical, “Great Serbian” current favoring national unification through imposition of Serbia’s political order on the other South Slav lands, and a progressivist, Independent Radical, “Yugoslav” current viewing South Slav unification as an opportunity to transcend the old order in Serbia and the other South Slav lands alike. The Independents’ Yugoslavism reflected their opposition to the Old Radicals’ hegemony in Serbia and their desire to find new allies against it from among the South Slavs outside Serbia. Meanwhile, Radical governments’ pursuit of national goals faced rivalry and interference from the Black Hand, making a sober foreign policy, in an increasingly fraught international climate, ever harder to maintain. Serbia’s victory in the Balkan Wars, involving its acquisition of a large territory in the Sanjak, Kosovo and Macedonia, catalyzed the power struggle between the Radicals and the Black Hand, by expanding its arena. Serbia’s expansion heightened Austro-Hungarian enmity, yet Pašić could not navigate this situation successfully because he could not restrain the Black Hand. The Sarajevo assassination and war with Austria-Hungary were the result.
The Promise of the Afcfta
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The existing size of the African market is often underappreciated. Measured in purchasing power parities, the African economy is collectively already the 4th largest in the world. But because the continent does not function as a single entity, its firms and farmers are placed at a disadvantage. Scale economies and large firms continue to dominate many sectors of the global economy. By removing the constraint of domestic market size and opening firms up to the opportunities of a larger regional one, the AfCFTA can provide the right environment for African companies to upscale their activities. Success in trade tends to be through exporting new products, not by simply increasing the volume of existing exports. Whereas there are only limited opportunities to diversify through exporting to the rest of the world, within the continent, there is a far greater chance of successful diversification through “going the regional route” through the AfCFTA. The chapter also makes some reflections too about the feasibility of “recapturing the domestic market” at the continental level, particularly in agro-processing.
What the Studies Say on the Afcfta’s Impact—And how to Interpret Them
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 provides a “user’s guide” to the quantitative studies that have been published in recent years on the AfCFTA’s impact on trade and economic growth. Diverse methodologies have been employed, showing a fairly wide range of results. The authors critically review those studies, and summarize their findings. The authors also stress that there is ample post-hoc evidence on the impact of other comparable regional schemes, which can provide useful insights. Because of the declining dependence on tariffs as a source of tax revenue, tariff revenue losses from the implementation of the AfCFTA should be manageable for the vast majority of African countries.
The Free Movement Protocol
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Free movement is commonly recognized as the handmaiden of greater cross-border trade and investment. A greater mobility of labor across the continent will also help address skill shortages, contribute to a faster rate of economic growth and reduce unemployment. Creating a regional labor market will help reduce the number of workers who are unemployed or underemployed due to a lack of available jobs that match their skills. Additionally, it can assist employers find workers with the specific skills they need. Particularly for the millions of under- and unemployed young people on the continent, this is arguably the greatest gift that the AfCFTA can give them. Without the implementation of the Free Movement Protocol, the AfCFTA will be firing on three cylinders, not four. Yet thus far, this protocol has not enjoyed such strong support as the AfCFTA itself, with just 4 countries having ratified it—far short of the 15 needed so that the protocol can enter into its implementation stage.
Help Not Hinder
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While parts of the donor community have provided technical support and generously financed Africa’s integrational agenda in the past, their own agendas have left an indelible mark on continental integration, often stressing the wrong things and detracting attention from the core objective of raising the level of intra-African trade and investment. This includes placing an excessive emphasis on trade facilitation for SMEs at the expense of the more promising middle-sized and larger firms responsible for the bulk of intra-African trade. International partners have also recently been pushing bilateral trade deals which risk undermining the coherence of the AfCFTA. A better agenda would be for external parties to promote more diversified FDI into the productive sectors of the continent—in high-valued services, agriculture and, crucially, in manufacturing. Producing in Africa for the burgeoning African market would play a much more decisive roll in accelerating continental integration. The chapter also argues in favor of taking greater heed of the plentiful empirical evidence on what is more effective in terms of promoting integration—particularly with regard to the importance of better infrastructural provisions and support for trade facilitation.
Love in the Time of Scholarship
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Where is the life in scholarly life? Is it possible to find life in academic writing, so otherwise abstracted from everyday life? How might religion bridge that gap? This book explores these questions in the intellectual history of a popular Hindu scripture, the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows that Brahmin intellectuals writing in Sanskrit were neither impervious to the quotidian religious practices of bhakti, or love for God, nor uninterested in its politics of language and caste. They supported, contested, and repurposed the social commentary of bhakti even in highly technical works of Sanskrit knowledge. Their personal religious commitments featured in a language and a genre of writing that deliberately isolated itself from worldly matters. The religion of bhakti bound together the transregional discourse of Sanskrit learning and the local devotional practices of everyday people, although not in a top-down manner. Instead, vernacular ways of being, believing, and belonging in the world could and did reshape the contours of Sanskrit intellectuality. The book also revisits the historiography of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa to expand our knowledge of the many different religious and philosophical communities that interpreted and laid claim to the themes of the text. While most commonly associated with the traditions of Vaiṣṇavism, the Bhāgavata was also studied by Śaivas, Śāktas, and others on the periphery of the text’s history.
The Pulse Beneath The Page
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The introduction contextualizes this study of scholarly life in comparative studies of early modern intellectual history, the systems of Sanskrit knowledge in precolonial India, and the historiography of bhakti in Hinduism. Between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries, the religion of bhakti introduced subtle, differentiated, and identifiable changes in the conventions of Brahmin scholarly life. Vernacular, quotidian practices, such as singing the name of God or storytelling in public spaces, filtered into the forbidding world of Sanskrit scholastic writing. By reading bhakti from the bottom up, the chapter shows that Sanskrit śāstra was reshaped by the presence of those on its margins. Provincializing Brahmanism in this way requires a reappraisal of the textual orientation of Indology and learning from fields of knowledge that work at the limits of the archive. This playful mode of philological study can be called “subtextual reading.”
Threads of bhakti
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Sanskrit scholastic engagement with the Bhakti Sūtras of Śāṇḍilya, arguing that they most likely do not predate the sixteenth century. The Bhakti Sūtras became the object of study primarily among Advaita Vēdāntins, who were known for their emphasis on nondual knowledge, or jñāna, which is often contrasted with bhakti, loving an embodied God. The writings of Nārāyaṇa Tīrtha, a protégé of the more famous Advaitin Madhusūdana Sarasvatī, and of Bhāskararāya, a South Indian Śākta intellectual, demonstrate a more wide-ranging intersection between bhakti and Advaita. Bhakti also reconfigured their understanding of several systems of knowledge, including yōga and Tantra. The chapter argues that instead of assuming the coherence of Advaita Vēdānta and singling out those who deviate from a norm, we might be better served to consider the tradition itself fragmented and fractured, which will allow us to be more expansive in our reading practices.
Conclusion
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conclusion establishes an analogy between the scholars studied in this book and those of the present by focusing on the author’s scholarly practice and how he came to write this book. The same methods by which one may understand the social history of Indian intellectual culture—attention to individual style, social spaces, subtextual and paratextual comments—apply to this work as well. This metatextual commentary suggests that reflecting on what goes into scholarship in the present may illuminate the past. Everyday life has always filtered into the forbidding world of academic discourse. Understanding it in the present makes its past versions seem less foreign.
Blurring Boundaries
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the blurred boundaries of art and life as presented in Harold and the Purple Crayon. It highlights the book’s central innovation: the central character creates his universe. It notes that the line between fantasy and reality is a central theme of Crockett Johnson’s comic strip, Barnaby (1942–1952), and is a particular focus of the strip in the late 1940s, when it often seemed more interested in blurring the boundary between real and imagined events. The chapter cites a four-year-old reader’s review of Harold and the Purple Crayon as an expression of how people’s imaginings can become real, and how the book’s blurring of the boundary between art and life that pulls the reader into the story.
One, Two, Three Dimensions; or, “And the moon went with him”
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the shifting number dimensions of Harold and the Purple Crayon. Due to the stylistic consistency of Crockett Johnson’s clear line, Harold and his artwork all inhabit the same reality—unlike in Winky-Dink wherein the children’s scribbly drawing separates the artist from the medium. The chapter explains how Harold creates the illusion of three dimensions in what has been two-dimensional space. It finds an answer in the role of the moon—a companion, guiding light, and constant visual motif in Harold and the Purple Crayon. The differing numbers of dimensions do not seem inconsistent or out-of-place because the moon helps trick readers into seeing these scenes in three-dimensional space.
The Moon
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the significance of the moon in Harold and the Purple Crayon. In the Harold books, the phases and glow of the moon become dependable and reassuring, making the moon an ideal nighttime companion. Crockett Johnson spent more waking hours with the moon than most people do and often drew his comic strips or children’s books as moonlight streamed through his window. The chapter then explains that the moon itself does not become a narrative interest for Johnson until he begins thinking about the possibility of space travel.