bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Euro System as a Laboratory for Neoliberalism: The Case of Spain
Authors: López‐Castellano Fernando , García‐Quero Fernando 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince the 1970s, neoliberalism has evolved from ideology to political agenda, from political program to public policy, and from public policy to a system that replaces democratic control over economic policy with a system of elite economic management. This process of change has been possible due to the endorsement of a meta‐political theory that destroys democracy and legitimizes technocratic despotism, financial deregulation, the debasement of labor into a new proletariat, and the purging of constitutional politics. In this article, we analyze this profound transformation of social and legal relations in the “euro system” and, specifically, in the regressive policies that have emerged from the “crisis” in Spain, a peripheral country of the European Union. The problems in contemporary Europe are a direct consequence of the neoliberal version of European economic unity. Their solution will depend on the capacity of the member states to create a social Europe that strengthens institutional democracy and develops universal systems of social protection. This, in turn, will depend on the ability of citizens to remodel state institutions in accordance with new social goals that place life at the center.
Safety and reproducibility of nasal allergen challenge
Authors: Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Testera‐Montes Almudena , González Miguel , Pérez‐Sánchez Natalia , Ariza Adriana , Salas María , Moreno‐Aguilar Carmen , Campo Paloma , Torres María José , Rondon Carmen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) and might serve to design and monitor allergen immunotherapy. Nevertheless, data about its safety and reproducibility are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and reproducibility of NAC in pediatric and adult rhinitis patients with/without asthmatic symptoms, and in healthy controls.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of the NACs conducted in our Unit for 2005‐2017 and monitored by acoustic rhinometry and nasal‐ocular symptoms was performed to analyze the safety of two methods for allergen application (metered spray & micropipette) and NAC protocols (NAC with single or multiple allergens/session [NAC‐S & NAC‐M]). The adverse events (AEs), spirometry values, and rescue medication required for AE were recorded. The reproducibility was examined by a prospective analysis of three repeated NAC‐S performed at 1‐2‐month interval in AR, LAR and nonallergic rhinitis patients, and in healthy controls.ResultsA total of 11 499 NACs were performed in 518 children and 5830 adults. Only four local AE occurred, and 99.97% of NACs were well tolerated. The reproducibility and positive and negative predictive values of three consecutive NAC‐S performed in 710 subjects were 97.32%, 100%, and 92.91%, respectively. There were no false‐positive results in the 710 analyzed subjects. Safety and reproducibility were comparable between the methods of allergen application and the rhinitis phenotypes.ConclusionThe NAC is a safe and highly reproducible diagnostic test ready to be used in the clinical practice in both children and adults with or without asthma.
Association of vitamin D deficiency with electrocardiographic markers of left atrial abnormalities
Authors: Anees Muhammad Ali , Ahmad Muhammad Imtiaz , Chevli Parag A. , Li Yabing , Soliman Elsayed Z. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveElectrocardiographic markers of left atrial (LA) abnormalities are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with prolonged P wave duration and PR interval as markers of LA abnormalities.MethodsThis analysis included 5,894 participants (58.12 ± 12.9 years; 54.7% women; 49.8% non‐Hispanic Whites) without clinical CVD from NHANES III. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association of vitamin D categories (<20 ng/ml, 20–29 ng/ml and >30 ng/ml (reference) with prolonged P wave duration (≥120 ms) and PR interval (≥200 ms).ResultsThere was an incremental increase in the prevalence of prolonged P wave duration and PR interval across vitamin D categories with the highest prevalence in study participants with vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml, followed by 20–29 ng/ml and then >30 ng/ml (trend p‐value < 0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was associated with prolonged P wave duration (OR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.03–1.45], p = 0.02) and prolonged PR interval (OR [95% CI]: 1.48 [1.12–1.97], p = 0.006) in multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors, and other potential confounders. These associations were consistent across subgroups stratified by age, sex, and race.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of LA abnormalities. This association elucidates an alternate pathway through which vitamin D deficiency may increase CVD risk. Whether vitamin D supplementation would improve LA abnormalities requires further investigation.
The retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape procedure—Efficacy, risk factors for recurrence and long‐term safety
Authors: Holdø Bjørn , Verelst Margareta , Svenningsen Rune , Milsom Ian , Skjeldestad Finn E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape has been the preferred method for primary surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence and stress‐dominated mixed urinary incontinence in women for more than 20 years. This study presents long‐term safety and efficacy data and assesses risk factors for long‐term recurrence.Material and methodsIn a case‐series design we assessed a historical cohort of primary surgeries performed with the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure in 596 women from 1998 to 2012 with follow up through 2015. Information from the medical records was transferred to a case report form comprising data on early and late complications and recurrence of urinary incontinence defined as bothersome stress urinary incontinence symptoms. All analyses were performed with SPSS using Pearson chi‐square, survival and Cox regression analyses.ResultsAfter a 10‐year follow up, mixed urinary incontinent women (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4‐3.0) had a significantly increased risk of recurrence of stress urinary incontinence symptoms compared with women with pure stress urinary incontinence as the indication for surgery. Overall cumulative cure rates after 1, 5 and 10 years were 92% (95% CI; 90%‐94%), 79% (95% CI; 75%‐83%) and 69% (95% CI; 63%‐75%), respectively. Recurrent surgery (0.3%) and serious tape complications needing major surgical treatment (0.3%) were rare. Six patients (1.0%) had the tape cut due to urinary retention, and nine patients (1.5%) reported urinary retention more than 3 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe tension‐free vaginal tape procedure has a high long‐term durability. Mixed urinary incontinence as an indication for surgery predicted long‐term recurrence. Long‐term complications were rare.
Nonselective beta‐blockers and the risk of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis: results of a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Nery Filipe , Correia Sofia , Macedo Carlos , Gandara Judit , Lopes Vítor , Valadares Diana , Ferreira Sofia , Oliveira João , Gomes Manuel Teixeira , Lucas Raquel , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel , Miranda Helena Pessegueiro , Valla Dominique 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundNonmalignant portal vein thrombosis is a significant event in the course of cirrhosis that can contraindicate liver transplantation and even impact survival after the surgical procedure. Risk factors are not completely known or validated and are still debated.AimTo identify in patients with cirrhosis the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis that are assessable in clinical practice.MethodsBetween January 2014 and February 2017, 108 outpatients with cirrhosis and no portal vein thrombosis (78% Child A) were enrolled. Doppler ultrasound was performed every 3 or 6 months, for a median follow up of 19 months.ResultsPortal vein thrombosis developed in 11 patients. Nonselective beta‐blockade (hazard ratio [HR] 10.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35‐82.73; P = 0.025), and medium or large‐sized oesophageal varices (HR 5.67; 95% CI: 1.49‐21.63; P = 0.011) at baseline were associated with portal vein thrombosis development. Although heart rate (P < 0.001) and portal blood flow velocity at baseline (P = 0.005) were significantly reduced by nonselective beta‐blockers, they were not related to portal vein thrombosis development.ConclusionsOur findings confirm an association between portal vein thrombosis development and oesophageal varices at baseline, but suggest that the association could be explained by exposure to nonselective beta‐blockers, independently from effects on heart rate and portal blood flow velocity. The mechanisms that explain portal vein thrombosis development in patients on nonselective beta‐blockers require elucidation in order to optimise targeting of nonselective beta‐blockade in patients with cirrhosis.
Lipid mediators in immune regulation and resolution
Authors: Gilroy Derek W. , Bishop‐Bailey David 
Published: January 2019

We are all too familiar with the events that follow a bee sting—heat, redness, swelling, and pain. These are Celsus' four cardinal signs of inflammation that are driven by very well‐defined signals and hormones. In fact, targeting the factors that drive this onset phase is the basis upon which most current anti‐inflammatory therapies were developed. We are also very well aware that within a few hours, these cardinal signs normally disappear. In other words, inflammation resolves. When it does not, inflammation persists, resulting in damaging chronic conditions. While inflammatory onset is actively driven, so also is its resolution—years of research have identified novel internal counter‐regulatory signals that work together to switch off inflammation. Among these signals, lipids are potent signalling molecules that regulate an array of immune responses including vascular hyper reactivity and pain, as well as leukocyte trafficking and clearance, so‐called resolution. Here, we collate bioactive lipid research to date and summarize the major pathways involved in their biosynthesis and their role in inflammation, as well as resolution.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc
Identification of NEK3 and MOK as novel targets for lithium
Authors: Bravo Ana , de Lucio Héctor , Sánchez‐Murcia Pedro A. , Jiménez‐Ruiz Antonio , Petrone Paula M. , Gago Federico , Cortés Cabrera Alvaro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium ion, commonly used as the carbonate salt in the treatment of bipolar disorders, has been identified as an inhibitor of several kinases, including Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β, for almost 20 years. However, both the exact mechanism of enzymatic inhibition and its apparent specificity for certain metalloenzymes are still a matter of debate. A data‐driven hypothesis is presented that accounts for the specificity profile of kinase inhibition by lithium in terms of the presence of a unique protein environment in the magnesium‐binding site. This hypothesis has been validated by the discovery of two novel potential targets for lithium, namely NEK3 and MOK, which are related to neuronal function.
The concept of a child within sub‐Saharan African migrant homes: Reconciling culture and child rights
Authors: Mugadza Hilda Tafadzwa , Stout Brian , Akombi Blessing Jaka , Williams Tetteh Vera , Renzaho Andre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs international migration increases, the Australian socio‐cultural and political context in which sub‐Saharan African migrant families are settling is causing tension between traditional sub‐Saharan African migrant definitions of child and childhood experiences and host nation definitions particularly when compared with the child protection system. This paper seeks to explore and highlight the fundamental values and differences that determine perceptions and treatment of children within traditional sub‐Saharan African communities. Using a qualitative design, this study was influenced by acculturation theory. Four major themes emerged from the analysis: (a) culture and the sub‐Saharan African child, (b) moulding good children, (c) family functioning and relationships, and (d) host context: perceptions of Australian mainstream parenting. The study found that in order to successfully make decisions that are in the best interest of sub‐Saharan African migrant children that come to the attention of the child protection system, discussions about children rights can only yield good outcomes when the child's socio‐cultural environment is considered.
Triclosan‐containing fluoride toothpaste on clinical parameters and osteo‐inflammatory mediators when applied in a stent during experimental peri‐implant mucositis in smokers
Authors: Peres Pimentel Suzana , Vieira Ribeiro Fernanda , Correa Casarin Renato , Ribeiro Cirano Fabiano , Haguihara Luchesi Vanessa , Gallego Arias Pecorari Vanessa , Zaffalon Casati Marcio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of triclosan‐containing fluoride toothpaste on the clinical parameters and the osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators in the peri‐implant fluid when applied in a stent during experimental peri‐implant mucositis in smokers.Materials and methodsTwenty‐six smokers with an implant‐supported crown were enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized, crossover study. During the two 3‐week periods without mechanical toothbrushing (washout period: 30 days), patients were randomly assigned to triclosan/fluoride (n:13) or fluoride toothpaste (n:13), three times/day. Clinical and immunoenzymatic assays were performed at baseline, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days.ResultsBoth groups showed increase in the Plaque Index throughout the study (p = 0.001), without inter‐group differences at 21 days (p > 0.05). No intra‐ or inter‐group differences were observed for IFN‐γ, IL10, IL‐1β, IL8, IL‐17, IL‐6, TNF‐α, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TGF‐β, OC, OPN, ICTP, OPG and RANKL (p > 0.05). However, the RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly higher in fluoride toothpaste‐treated sites when compared to triclosan/fluoride‐treated sites at the end of period without mechanical toothbrushing, on the 21st day (p = 0.041).ConclusionTriclosan‐containing toothpaste favorably modulated osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators during the experimental peri‐implant mucositis in smokers, decreasing the ratio of RANKL/OPG.
What is the outcome for patients undergoing more than two ileocolonic resections for recurrent Crohn's disease? A comparative study of 569 consecutive procedures
Authors: Bouquot M. , Maggiori L. , Hain E. , Prost a la Denise J. , Bouhnik Y. , Panis Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the outcome for patients undergoing repeated ileocolonic resection for recurrent Crohn's disease (CD).MethodAll patients undergoing ileocolonic resection for terminal ileal CD between 1998 and 2016 in our tertiary care centre were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2016, 569 ileocolonic resections were performed for CD: 403 of these were primary resections (1R, 71%), 107 second resections (2R, 19%) and 59 were third (or more) resections (> 2R, 10%). The laparoscopic approach rate was significantly less in the > 2R group (20/59, 34%) compared with the 2R (71/107, 66%; P = 0.002) and 1R (366/403, 91%) groups. However, conversion to an open approach did not show any difference between the three groups [1R group 46/366 (13%) vs 2R group 14/71 (20%) vs > 2R group 3/20 (15%); 1R vs > 2R P = 0.750; 2R vs > 2R P = 0.633]. Postoperative morbidity was significantly increased in the > 2R (28/59, 52%) group compared with the 1R group (115/403, 29%; P < 0.001) but showed no difference compared with the 2R group (43/107, 40%; P = 0.365). There was no difference between the groups in the incidence of severe postoperative morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) [1R group n = 24 (6%); 2R group n = 6 (6%); > 2R group n = 4, 7%; 1R vs > 2R P = 0.865, 2R vs > 2R P = 0.761].ConclusionAlthough the overall morbidity rate was higher, repeated surgery for recurrent CD in patients undergoing three or more ileocolonic resections was not associated with an increased risk of severe postoperative morbidity in our series.
UK registry analysis of donor substance misuse and outcomes following pancreas transplantation
Authors: Thompson Emily R. , Irwin Ellen A. , Trotter Patrick , Ibrahim Ibrahim K. , Tingle Sam J. , White Steve A. , Manas Derek M. , Wilson Colin H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubstance abuse is unfortunately common in organ donors. Often, these organs are declined for transplant, not only because of concerns around blood‐borne virus transmission but also because of perceived poor outcomes. In kidney transplantation, previous studies have demonstrated donor smoking status significantly impacts transplant outcome, but intravenous drug use or alcohol dependence does not. This study aims to clarify these issues in pancreas transplantation. Retrospective data on all UK solid organ pancreas transplants from 1994 to 2015 were obtained from the NHSBT UK Transplant Registry. The impact of illicit drug misuse, alcohol abuse, and smoking on graft and patient survival were analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier plots and a Cox regression model. A total of 1175 of the 2317 (49.5%) donors were categorized as substance misusers. Univariate survival analysis revealed no significant impact of substance misuse on 10‐year graft or patient survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed substance misuse was not associated with impaired graft or patient survival. A history of donor substance misuse does not negatively impact 10‐year graft or patient survival following pancreas transplantation. This is a large national registry analysis with long‐term follow‐up data and should therefore provide clinicians with reassurance when considering pancreas grafts from substance misuse donors.
International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Blank Rainer , Barnett Anna L , Cairney John , Green Dido , Kirby Amanda , Polatajko Helene , Rosenblum Sara , Smits‐Engelsman Bouwien , Sugden David , Wilson Peter , Vinçon Sabine 
Published: January 2019

AimThese international clinical practice recommendations (CPR) for developmental coordination disorder (DCD), initiated by the European Academy of Childhood Disability (EACD), aim to address key questions on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects ofDCDrelevant for clinical practice.MethodKey questions in five areas were considered through literature reviews and formal expert consensus. For recommendations based on evidence, literature searches on ‘mechanisms’, ‘assessment’, and ‘intervention’ were updated since the last recommendations in 2012. New searches were conducted for ‘psychosocial issues’ and ‘adolescents/adults’. Evidence was rated according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (level of evidence [LOE] 1–4) and transferred into recommendations. For recommendations based on formal consensus, two meetings of an international, multidisciplinary expert panel were conducted with a further five Delphi rounds to develop good clinical practice (GCP) recommendations.ResultsThirty‐five recommendations were made. Eight were based on the evidence from literature reviews (three on ‘assessment’, five on ‘intervention’). Twenty‐two were updated from the 2012 recommendations. New recommendations relate to diagnosis and assessment (twoGCPs) and psychosocial issues (threeGCPs). Additionally, one new recommendation (LOE) reflects active video games as adjuncts to more traditional activity‐oriented and participation‐oriented interventions, and two new recommendations (oneGCP, oneLOE) were made for adolescents and adults withDCD.InterpretationTheCPR–DCDis a comprehensive overview ofDCDand current understanding based on research evidence and expert consensus. It reflects the state of the art for clinicians and scientists of varied disciplines. The internationalCPR–DCDmay serve as a basis for national guidelines.What this paper addsUpdated international clinical practice guidelines on developmental coordination disorder (DCD).Refined and extended recommendations on clinical assessment and intervention for DCD.A critical synopsis of current research on mechanisms of DCD.A critical synopsis of psychosocial issues in DCD, with implications for clinical practice.The first international recommendations to consider adolescents and adults with DCD.
Human disease/clinical medical sciences for dentistry in early‐years dental graduates: Transition from undergraduate study to clinical practice
Authors: Atkin Philip A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionDental bodies across Europe have published curricula aiming to guide the development of a graduating dentist who is safe and competent, and which also contain direction on what knowledge and understanding of patient's health, drugs and disease a recent graduate should have.Materials, Methods and AimA questionnaire to survey Foundation Dentists in Wales regarding their undergraduate teaching and assessment in human disease/clinical medical science for dentistry and how this translates to their knowledge, attitudes and confidence in the dental management of patients who may have chronic disease or disability.ResultsA 97% response rate to the questionnaire from Foundation Dentists graduating from schools across the UK showed that the large majority felt their teaching and learning in human disease/clinical medical science for dentistry was appropriately delivered and assessed, and that they were well prepared for independent dental practice and to plan and safely manage treatments for all their patients.DiscussionThis survey of newly qualified dentists representing graduates from different types of dental courses and both newer and long‐established schools across the UK reports the foundation dentists felt that they are competent and safe to care for all patients, including those with complex medical histories.ConclusionsThe foundation dentists surveyed have completed dental undergraduate courses containing the appropriate education and assessment for human health and disease, such that they are prepared to manage their patient population safely, and are well placed to serve their patients as the population continues to age and the amount of medical morbidity increases.