bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provisional Validation of a Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Rosman Samantha L. , Karangwa Valens , Law Michael , Monuteaux Michael C. , Briscoe Christine Daneau , McCall Natalie 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The use of Pediatric Early Warning Scores is becoming widespread to identify and rapidly respond to patients with deteriorating conditions. The ability of Pediatric Early Warning Scores to identify children at high risk of deterioration or death has not, however, been established in resource-limited settings.

METHODS:
We developed the Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings (PEWS-RL) on the basis of expert opinion and existing scores. The PEWS-RL was derived from 6 equally weighted variables, producing a cumulative score of 0 to 6. We then conducted a case-control study of admissions to the pediatrics department of the main public referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda between November 2016 and March 2017. We defined case patients as children fulfilling the criteria for clinical deterioration, who were then matched with controls of the same age and hospital ward.

RESULTS:
During the study period, 627 children were admitted, from whom we selected 79 case patients and 79 controls. For a PEWS-RL of ≥3, sensitivity was 96.2%, and specificity was 87.3% for identifying patients at risk for clinical deterioration. A total PEWS-RL of ≥3 was associated with a substantially increased risk of clinical deterioration (odds ratio 129.3; 95% confidence interval 38.8–431.6; P &lt;.005).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study reveals that the PEWS-RL, a simple score based on vital signs, mental status, and presence of respiratory distress, was feasible to implement in a resource-limited setting and was able to identify children at risk for clinical deterioration.
Okulöncesi Eğitim Kurumu Müdürlerinin Yönetim Becerileri ile Etkileme Güçleri Arasındaki İlişkilerin Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Haveydi Cebrail , Alpaydın Yusuf 
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı okulöncesi eğitim kurumu müdürlerinin yönetim becerileri ile etkileme güçleri arasındaki ilişkilerin öğretmen görüşlerine dayalı olarak tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Pendik ve Tuzla ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan resmi ve özel okulöncesi eğitim kurumlarında (Bağımsız Anaokulları) görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem ise bu genel evren içinden basit tesadüfi örneklem alma yoluyla belirlenen 155 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Şekerci (2006) tarafından geliştirilen “Okul Müdürlerinin Öğretmenleri Etkileme Ölçeği” ile Quast ve Hazucha (1992) tarafından geliştirilen "Yönetim Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin yönetim becerilerine ilişkin görüşleri cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş, kıdem, öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre toplam ölçek ve hiçbir alt boyutta farklılaşmamaktadır. Öğretmen görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin yönetim becerileri öğretmenlerin okuldaki çalışma süresi, okul türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşırken, cinsiyet, yaş, okuldaki çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Okul müdürünün öğretmeni etkileme düzeyi öğretmenlerin medeni durum, kıdem, öğrenim durumu, okul türlerine göre anlamlı ölçüde farklılaşmaktadır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda yönetim becerileri ölçeği toplam puanları ve alt boyut puanları ile etkileme ölçeğinin yetki gücü alt boyutu arasında negatif yönde ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Yönetim becerileri ölçeği puanları ile etkileme ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan uzmanlık gücü ve kişilik boyutları ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna göre yetki yönetim becerileri arttıkça yetki gücünün kullanımı azalmakta uzmanlık ve kişilik güçlerinin kullanımı da artmaktadır.
Central Aortic Pressure: Reference and Diagnostic Values
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A. , Tsvetkova E. E. , Denisova D. V. , Ragino Yu. I. , Voevoda M. I. 
Published: April 2019

Objective. Practical application of central aortic pressure (CAP) parameters is limited by the absence of generally recognized reference and threshold diagnostic indices. The purpose of this work is to establish their values in the general population of Novosibirsk. Materials and Methods. A total of 327 people were examined: 155 men and 172 women aged 25–44 years from a representative sample from the general population of Novosibirsk. Applanation tonometry of the radial artery was performed by the SphygmoCor system. The reference values of CAP parameters were obtained by a nonparametric method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations (95 % percentile interval with 2.5 % and 97.5 % cut-off points and their 90 % confidence intervals). Diagnostic thresholds and categories of CAP were determined as mean values depending on the categories of brachial arterial pressure (BP) and on the basis of risk estimates, as well as sensitivity and specificity values for left ventricular hypertrophy similar to risk and sensitivity and specificity values of threshold levels (categories) of brachial BP. Results. The reference values of the parameters of the CAP were: 18–43 mm Hg for pulse pressure; 5–24 mm Hg for the amplification of pulse pressure; – 8.8–40 % for the augmentation index. Diagnostic categories of CAP were determined to be: optimal – less than 110 / 80, normal – 110 / 80–114 / 84, high normal – 115 / 85–124 / 89, hypertension – more than 125 / 90 mm Hg. Conclusion. The reference values, diagnostic thresholds and categories of parameters of CAP in the general population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years have been determined. It is expedient to further study them.
Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and the possibility of its correction at the present stage in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Samolyuk M. O. , Grigorieva N. Yu. 
Published: April 2019

The review describes the current understanding of endothelial dysfunction, methods of its evaluation, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. The role of nitric oxide and endothelin as important markers of endothelial dysfunction is shown, and the methods of their determination in clinical practice are described. The authors conclude that in order to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk and frequency of complications and mortality rates, it is necessary to study the function of endothelium in more detail and to look for ways of drug correction, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation.
Expression Analysis of BDNF Gene and BDNF-AS Long Noncoding RNA in Whole Blood Samples of Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Not Always a Negative Correlation between Them
Authors: Gharzi Vajiheh , Ganji Maziar , Sayad Arezou , Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Arsang-Jang Shahram , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: April 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), in which axonal damage is a deteriorative factor. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is described as a neuronal-survival gene, also capable of exerting pleiotropic effects on the immune cells. Here, we aimed to investigate expression levels of BDNF and its antisense RNA, BDNF-AS, in Iranian MS patients.
Our case-control study was based on collecting 50 whole blood samples of relapsing-remitting MS patients and 50 healthy controls. Then, expression analysis of BDNF and BDNF-AS was performed by Real-time quantitative PCR.
We found a strong and positive correlation between BDNF and BDNF-AS in MS patients. This is while no significant difference in BDNF and BDNF-AS expression levels was seen between MS patients and controls (p>0.05). A significant and strong positive correlation was found between the expression levels of BDNF-AS and BDNF (r=0.785, p<0.0001). Further, significant positive moderate correlations of BDNF and BDNF-AS with other lncRNAs (GSTT1-AS1 and IFNG-AS1) and genes (TNF and IFNG) were revealed (p<0.0001). Additionally, there was no correlation between the BDNF and BDNF-AS expressions and disease duration, age at onset, and Expanded Disability Status Scale of Kurtzke (EDSS) (p>0.05).
BDNF and BDNF-AS expression levels revealed insignificant discrepancies in patients and controls. We found a strong and positive correlation between BDNF and BDNF-AS in MS patients, which is, based on previous studies, a quit novel finding and can be further discussed by future works to unravel its possible application in MS. We suggest evaluation of different leukocytes
subsets separately along with large cohort studies comprising a higher number of individuals from different ages to unravel the effects of other possible aspects.
Altered Expression of miR-326 in T Cell-derived Exosomes of Patients with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Azimi Maryam , Ghabaee Mojdeh , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Izad Maryam 
Published: April 2019

Invasion of auto-reactive CD4+ T cells especially Th17 into central nervous system (CNS) is an underlying pathogenic mechanism in multiple sclerosis (MS). CD4+ T cells release exosomes which are enriched in microRNAs, reflective of cell’s physiological or pathological condition. Thus exosomes could be potent agents to provide quantitative and qualitative information about involved cells in MS. We investigated the expression of pathogenic microRNAs in T cells-derived exosomes of MS patients or healthy controls.
Conventional T cells (Tconv) derived from relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients (n=10) and healthy controls (n=10) were purified and cultured for 3 days by soluble anti-CD3/CD28. Exosomes were purified from cultured-T cells supernatants. The expression levels of exosomal miR-146a, miR-29a, miR-155, and miR-326 were quantified by real-time PCR.
A statistically significant increased expression of miR-326 in Tconv-derived exosomes was observed in RRMS patients as compared with controls (7.5±1.88vs 2.51±0.9 p=0.03), On the contrary, no differences were found in the expression levels of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-29a, in Tconv-derived exosomes of patients as compared with controls (p>0.05).
Our results point to altered expression in exosome-derived microRNAs. MiR-326 was previously shown to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of MS by inducing TH17 differentiation and maturation. Therefore, miR-326 containing exosomes might also be a potential clinical target in course of MS. Moreover, the deregulation of this miRNA in exosomes may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Apicogénesis en canino permanente joven con resorción intracoronal pre eruptiva: reporte de caso
Authors: Bravo Zhunio Adriana Patricia , Díaz Sánchez David Alexis , Yupanqui Barrios Kasandra Verónica , Mendiola Aquino Carlos Enrique 
Published: April 2019

Los dientes permanentes presentan desarrollo y formación radicular incompleta al momento de su erupción, el tejido pulpar es el encargado de culminar el proceso de formación radicular por intermedio de los odontoblastos que producen dentina, si la misma se ve afectada por traumatismo, lesión cariosa, resorción intracoronal pre eruptiva (PEIR por sus siglas en inglés) y/o fractura, se altera la vitalidad e incluso puede llegar a producirse necrosis pulpar, lo que ocasionará una interrupción de la formación radicular normal. Para el tratamiento de dientes permanentes jóvenes e inmaduros que han sufrido algún tipo de lesión, pero que aún mantienen la vitalidad pulpar, el procedimiento de apicogénesis con agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) puede ser considerado como una opción viable, debido a la biocompatibilidad y capacidad de inducir la formación de tejidos duros. En el presente reporte de caso se presenta una pieza dental con antecedente de PEIR, tratada mediante apicogénesis con MTA, lográndose resultados favorables en cuanto al engrosamiento de paredes dentinales, desarrollo radicular y mantenimiento de la vitalidad pulpar.
Practical Application of Pareto-Based Multi-Objective Optimization and Proxy Modeling for Steam Alternating Solvent Process Design
Authors: Coimbra Luis , Ma Zhiwei , Leung Juliana Y. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Steam alternating solvent (SAS) process is a thermal heavy oil recovery technique, where steam and solvent (e.g., propane) are injected alternatively through the same well configuration as in the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process. The SAS process is deemed to be more energy-efficient and environment-friendly with less greenhouse gas emission and water usage. However, proper design of the SAS process is challenging as multiple conflicting objectives need to be optimized simultaneously. Conventional optimization methods that aggregate multiples objectives into a single weighted objective are not appropriate. In this work, a novel workflow is developed to identify a set of Pareto-optimal operational parameters for the SAS process.
First, a synthetic base model is constructed based on data gathered from the cold lake reservoir. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the main decision variables [e.g. solvent (propane) concentration and duration of solvent injection in each cycle] and to formulate the objective function (e.g., recovery factor and cumulative propane injection). Next, a set of initial SAS models encompassing a wide range of decision variables are generated and subjected to flow simulation, and the corresponding objective functions are computed. Third, a response surface (proxy) model is calibrated to approximate the non-linear relationship between the multiple objective functions and the decision variables. Finally, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is applied as a multi-objective optimizer to obtain a set of optimal decision parameters.
The predictions from the base model are corroborated by several previous SAS simulation studies in the literature, where comparable production trends and patterns are observed. It is observed that both the solvent compositions and duration of solvent injection in each cycle would have significant impacts on the objective functions. The proposed hybrid optimization workflow can facilitate the identification of a set of Pareto-optimum solutions with considerable savings in computational costs.
The Growing Role of Unmanned Vehicles in the Oil Industry
Authors: Saadawi Hisham 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Unmanned Vehicles (UV) can be classified by the environment in which they operate. The vehicle may or may not be autonomous. Sea: Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV),Land: Unmanned surface vehicles (USV)Air: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), popularly known as drones
The life cycle of oil and gas fields can be broadly divided into four phases: Exploration & Appraisal, Development, Production, and Decommissioning. Unmanned vehicles are increasingly finding applications in all these four phases. The use of unmanned vehicles in air, sea and land, can minimize exposure of personnel to dangerous environments, monitor the environment, improve efficiency of operations, improve asset integrity, and assist site reconnaissance and data gathering.
Key enablers to the recent wide-spread applications of unmanned vehicles in the industry are advances in remote sensing technology, artificial intelligence, data analytics as well as the decreasing costs. Unmanned vehicles and robotics offer opportunities to the oil industry to make a step change to the way we do things.
This paper presents an overview of the current and potential applications of the emerging technology of unmanned vehicles in the oil and gas industry.
Digital Solutions to Optimize Jet Pump Technology for Production Enhancement
Authors: Deshpande Kedar , Knoeller Michael , Patkar Vivek 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Artificial lift systems provide a reliable means for ensuring production through depleted wells. Traditional artificial lift technology is seriously challenged and has shown faster wear in tough operating environments at greater depths, high dog leg severities and multi-phase fluid environment. Jet pump technology with no moving parts and compact design is an excellent alternative for production enhancement in most challenging downhole conditions. In this paper digital computational fluid flow analysis is conducted to optimize the jet pump design to improve operational life of the jet pump and reduce non-productive time (NPT). Comprehensive laboratory testing is conducted and digital solutions are compared against the test data to validate the new jet pump technology.
The operation of jet pump starts with flow of high pressure power fluid from surface into wellbore that travels through jet pump nozzle causing reduction in pressure which in turn draws in the reservoir fluid into jet pump throat. The low pressure generated at throat due to venturi effect can cause cavitation in certain scenarios and leads to reduced operational life of jet pump. To address this issue an alternative inverse jet pump is proposed that reverses the flow path of power fluid and production fluid. Numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of inverse jet pump design. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted using coupled algorithm with Reynolds-Averaged Navier-stokes (RANS) equation and k-ε turbulence model to predict the pressure and velocity flow field. Extensive laboratory testing is conducted in flow loop for the inverse jet pump design to validate the digital analysis results.
CFD simulations are performed for different configurations of inverse jet pump by varying throat diameter and length of mixing chamber for operating production and power fluid flow rates. CFD results underscored the pressure and velocity profiles along the flow paths and based on digital analysis using CFD it is observed that innovative inverse jet pump design reduces probability of cavitation. Laboratory testing corroborated with digital analysis results and indicated improvement in operational life for inverse jet pump technology. Extensive usage of advanced computational modeling in this work assisted in optimizing design quickly and reduced time and cost associated with laboratory testing. This work elucidates use of digital solutions for design optimization of new production technology and underscores simulation-based-design as faster and cost effective method.
Three Weeks Oil Production Shutdown Avoided and Tremendous Cost Savings Achieved With no Downtime During Largescale Replacement of Electrical Equipment
Authors: Schröder Stephan Rainer 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper highlights how flexible and innovative engineering can replace electrical systems in existing and producing offshore facilities achieving minimized losses of production. It shows the opportunities realizing a major electrical infrastructure project on an offshore platform within a short timeframe and limited human resources. The fact that intelligent and simple solutions connecting a new offshore module into the existing infrastructure cut down the expected three weeks of production downtime to only four hours for each individual Electrical Submersible Pump System (ESP system). The main aim of this project was to avoid any shutdown of the production due to long installation phase for new equipment and decommissioning phase for the existing equipment. The whole project was split into well sized work-packages and interfaces to the existing infrastructure were considered.
Given the restricted space at Mittelplate, a new compact modular containerized solution was found allowing to set up offshore switchgear containers prior to removal of existing and operating ESP system. To avoid negative consequences during offshore installation and commissioning, tests of the entire simulation packages were completely run onshore. Based on lessons learned and training effects gained, several teams were able to reconnect 16 ESP without any downtime. Specially designed adapters allowed to directly connect the new Variable Speed Drive (VSD) to the existing Distributed Control System (DCS) without any production downtime. In parallel to onshore component tests, the project team started preparatory work on Mittelplate platform. One team focused on the installation of adapters, the second team was responsible for adaptation of the process graphics to the DCS. At the same time, the third team was busy installing and connecting the new power cables between variable speed drive system and step up transformer. After notice of completion given by all teams, system tests and commissioning were carried out together with the operator well by well.
Due to parallel work of three teams the wells could be successfully reconnected within unprecedented four hours average each. Furthermore, the whole work was carried out without any Lost Time Incident (LTI).
Recovery Mechanisms for Nano-Confined Oil in Source Rocks using Lean Gas Injection
Authors: Baek Seunghwan , Akkutlu I. Yucel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Organic matter in source rocks stores oil in significantly larger volume than that based on its pore volume due to so-called nanopore confinement effects. However, during production and depletion, recovery of that oil is low. In this paper, we introduce the nano-confinement effects and explain their impact on the release of oil molecules. We propose to control these effects and increase the oil recovery using lean gas injection, such as ethane or carbon-dioxide. We identify and discuss microscopic-level oil recovery mechanisms that appear during the soaking and production stages.
Due to the nature of the problem, molecular Monte Carlo simulation method is used for the investigation. A multi-component hydrocarbon mixture is considered in model organic pores under reservoir conditions. The fluids stored in pores are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a nearby bulk fluid in a fracture. The fluid composition in pores varies with the size of the pore and becomes progressively heavier during the production as the bulk fluid pressure is reduced. The lean gas molecules are introduced to the nanopores by adjusting the bulk fluid composition and pressure to the desired values. Simulations are used to predict fate of in-situ and the injected molecules when the system is reached to equilibrium.
Results show that oil in smaller nanopores is richer in heavy components compared to the bulk oil outside in the micro-crack. Compared to gas reservoirs, the impacts of the nano-confinement on in-place fluid volume is not significant. Recovery of the confined oil is typically below 15 % indicating that pressure depletion and fluid expansion is no longer an effective recovery mechanism. Ethane injection shows higher recovery performance than CO2 injection; it improves recovery up to 90 %, depending on its composition in the fracture. Ethane recovers 5-20 % higher than carbon dioxide in both large pores and nanopores, because ethane molecules are more effective in vaporizing the heavier molecules in the pore. In addition, ethane reduces viscosity of the confined oil, and its diffusion is faster than CO2. In summary, lean gas injection is effective in recovering the oil but its delivery to the matrix using fractures and micro-cracks under closure stress makes injection operations challenging in the field.