bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once-daily Doravirine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected, Antiretroviral-naive Adults: An Integrated Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Orkin Chloe , Molina Jean-Michel , Lombaard Johan , DeJesus Edwin , Rodgers Anthony , Kumar Sushma , Martin Elizabeth , Hanna George , Hwang Carey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDoravirine (DOR) demonstrated noninferior efficacy to darunavir plus ritonavir (DRV+r) and efavirenz (EFV) in 2 ongoing phase 3 trials: DRIVE-FORWARD (NCT02275780) and DRIVE-AHEAD (NCT02403674).MethodsThis prespecified analysis pooled efficacy data through the first 48 weeks of DRIVE-FORWARD and DRIVE-AHEAD from the DOR groups (DOR/lamivudine [3TC]/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF] or DOR [100 mg daily] with emtricitabine [FTC]/TDF or abacavir [ABC]/3TC [n = 747]) compared with DRV+r (800/100 mg daily) with FTC/TDF or ABC/3TC (n = 383) or EFV/FTC/TDF (600/200/300 mg daily; n = 364). Efficacy assessments included the proportion of participants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA &lt;50 copies/mL and change in CD4+ T-cell count.ResultsAt week 48, DOR demonstrated noninferior efficacy to DRV+r and EFV, with 84.1% of DOR-treated participants achieving HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL compared with 79.9% of the DRV+r and 80.8% of the EFV groups. Results were similar across demographic/prognostic subpopulations, including baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA, gender, race, and HIV-1 subtype. Mean increases from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count through 48 weeks were 195.5 cells/mm3 for DOR, 185.6 cells/mm3 for DRV+r, and 188.4 cells/mm3 for EFV/FTC/TDF.ConclusionsDOR, as a single entity (in combination with other antiretroviral agents) and as a fixed-dose combination (DOR/3TC/TDF), demonstrated noninferior efficacy to DRV+r and EFV as assessed by the proportion of HIV-1-infected, treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02275780 and NCT02403674.
A guided nonparametric goodness-of-fit test with application to income distributions
Authors: Wen Kuangyu , Wu Ximing 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe have developed a customizable goodness-of-fit test of a parametric density based on its distance to a consistently estimated density. This consistent estimate is obtained via a nonparametric density estimator with a parametric start, wherein the start is set to be the hypothesized parametric density. To cope with the influence of nonparametric estimation bias, nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests have resorted to remedies such as undersmoothing or convolution of the hypothesized density. Our test requires no such devices and possesses enhanced powers against alternative densities because the guided density estimator is free of the typical nonparametric bias under the null hypothesis and attains bias reduction when the underlying density is in a broad nonparametric neighborhood of the hypothesized density. Here, we establish the statistical properties of our test and use Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate its finite sample performance. We use this test to examine the goodness-of-fit of normal mixtures to the distributions of log income of U.S. states. Although normality is rejected decisively, our results suggest that normal mixtures with two or three components suffice for all but one state.
Denmark: happy to fight, will travel
Authors: Jakobsen Peter Viggo , Rynning Sten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Over the past thirty years Denmark has become a capable and willing expeditionary ally, not least on account of an accelerated investment in new forces in the early to mid-2000s. With the 2005–2009 defence agreement the Danish Army scrapped its concept of conscripted mobilization and fully committed to deployable capacities; the navy became a ‘blue water’ navy given the commitment to build two combat support ships and three frigates and to scrap the submarine force; and the air force fully focused its organization on specialized and deployable ‘wings’. The literature suggests that external threats and technological innovation are key drivers of military change, which in broad strokes helps us understand Danish change—but not in full. As a small state, Denmark has been particularly attuned to the threat of abandonment by its NATO allies and the concomitant but rival desire to pay as little for defence as possible. NATO standing and money are thus the critical drivers of Danish military change and we are able to show how they have shaped three successive waves of military reform, beginning piecemeal in the 1990s and then continuing with deeper waves of reform in 2001 and 2014. Civil–military relations have throughout been quite solid and enabled change, which has to do with the political priority of securing Denmark's standing in NATO with as little money as possible, leaving it to the military services to figure out how to shape the toolkit.
Epilogue: In defense of disruptive democracy—A critique of anti-populism
Authors: Howse Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
“Populism” is usually and pejoratively defined by the anti-populist elites to imply nativism, anti-liberalism, and anti-pluralism. This has little to do with many of today’s powerful critiques of and challenges to elite liberal democratic politics. Defenders of elite or “centrist” liberal democratic politics present a false choice between restoration or renewal of elite politics and a populist slide into authoritarianism and xenophobia. There is an important agenda of democratic reform disrupting elite liberal democratic politics, and anti-populism is not an authentic response to it. Radical democrats and democratic reformers, such as US congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, are not apostles of mob rule, contrary to the frequent caricature proposed by centrist liberal democrats in their “anti-populist” pose. They see an appropriate role for institutions such as independent courts as well as for experts in a stronger democracy.
Destruction of Cultural Heritage before the ICC
Authors: Dijkstal Haydee J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The case against Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi marked the first prosecution and conviction for acts of destruction of cultural heritage before the International Criminal Court (ICC). Therefore, for the first time, the ICC recognized that although the crimes were committed against buildings and property, individuals and communities harmed by this destruction were victims who could participate in the proceedings and receive reparations. Using the Al Mahdi proceedings as a case study, this article examines how the prosecution of the destruction of cultural heritage, and also the reparations proceedings, were influenced by human rights considerations. This article concludes that human rights considerations influenced the Chamber’s reparations decision in the Al Mahdi case, particularly in regards to the victims’ recognition, participation and ability to claim a reparations award. However, the article argues that procedural and human rights considerations were not extended equally to the convicted individual and fell short of achieving an appropriate balance of rights.
The Flipside of Complementarity
Authors: Labuda Patryk I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A variety of human rights dilemmas were left unresolved in Rome. One issue likely to generate controversy is the relationship between the prohibition of double jeopardy, complementarity and minimal fair trial protections for defendants. Under the Rome Statute’s complementarity framework, the International Criminal Court (ICC) must defer to domestic proceedings if a state is handling the same case and the national authorities are not ‘unable or unwilling’ to prosecute the same person. Much ink has been spilt on Article 17 of the Statute and the ensuing case law, but less understood is the flipside of complementarity: under what circumstances is a state not allowed to prosecute defendants over whom the ICC has already exercised jurisdiction? With the case against Germain Katanga in the backdrop, this article argues that the ICC should take a more pro-active role in supervising secondary domestic proceedings against people previously convicted or acquitted in The Hague. Katanga’s return to the Democratic Republic of Congo to serve the remainder of his ICC-mandated sentence triggered a domestic trial implicating a variety of fair trial issues. Under a seldom-used provision in the Rome Statute, Article 108, the ICC Presidency was required to validate or reject Congo’s proceedings against Katanga. Not only did the Presidency allow his case to proceed, it prospectively abdicated any international oversight of national trials, while advancing sweeping normative claims about the irrelevance of human rights to the permissibility of secondary domestic trials. Three years later, Katanga languishes in a Congolese prison with little prospect of justice. Although the Katanga case is based on a unique set of facts, analogous developments in the cases against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Jean-Pierre Bemba point to the growing likelihood of secondary domestic proceedings against people previously tried by the ICC, which in turn raises fundamental questions about the Rome Statute’s prohibition of double jeopardy and its relationship to complementarity and fair trial guarantees.
Comments on “How Errors Cumulate: Two Examples” by Roger Tourangeau
Authors: Olson Kristen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of the Tourangeau (2019) Morris Hansen Lecture paper. I address issues related to compounding errors in web surveys and the relationship between nonresponse and measurement errors. I provide a potential model for understanding when error sources in nonprobability web surveys may compound or counteract one other. I also provide three conceptual models that help explicate the joint relationship between nonresponse and measurement errors.
High frequencies in TESS A–F main-sequence stars
Authors: Balona L A , Holdsworth D L , Cunha M S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The driving mechanism for high-frequency oscillations in some chemically peculiar Ap stars, the rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAp stars), is not understood. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) data provide an ideal opportunity to extend the number of roAp stars that might provide further clues to address this problem. From an examination of over 18 000 stars in TESS sectors 1–7, we have discovered high-frequency pulsations in 14 A–F stars, of which only 3 are classified as Ap stars. In addition to these new discoveries, we discuss the frequencies in nine previously known roAp stars. In one of these stars, HD 60435, we confirm a previous finding that the pulsations have lifetimes of only a few days. In another known roAp star, HD 6532, the relative amplitudes of the rotationally modulated sidelobes, which are generally used to estimate the inclination of the magnetic axis relative to the rotational axis, are significantly different from those found in ground-based B-band photometric observations. We also discuss four δ Scuti stars that appear to have independent frequencies similar to those of roAp stars.
The binary mass ratios of circumbinary planet hosts
Authors: Martin David V 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Almost a dozen circumbinary planets have been found transiting eclipsing binaries. For the first time the observational bias of this sample is calculated with respect to the mass ratio of the host binaries. It is shown that the mass ratio affects transit detection in multiple, sometimes subtle ways, through stability and dynamics of orbits, dilution of transit depths, and the geometric transit and eclipse probabilities. Surprisingly though, it is found that these effects largely cancel out. Consequently, the transit detections in the Kepler mission are essentially unbiased with respect to mass ratio, and hence likely representative of the true underlying population. It is shown that the mass ratio distribution of circumbinary hosts may be the same as field binaries, and hence roughly uniform, but more observations are needed to deduce any subtle differences. These results are discussed in the context of close binary formation and evolution, of which the mass ratio is believed to be a marker, and other surveys for circumbinary planets including TESS and BEBOP.
The role of sham continuous positive airway pressure as a placebo in controlled trials: Best Apnea Interventions for Research Trial
Authors: Reid Michelle L , Gleason Kevin J , Bakker Jessie P , Wang Rui , Mittleman Murray A , Redline Susan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of sham continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to conservative medical therapy (CMT) as a control arm in the Best Apnea Interventions for Research (BestAIR) study by assessing differences in subjectively and objectively measured outcomes, adverse events, adherence, and retention rates.MethodsBestAIR is a clinical trial aimed to identify important design features for future randomized controlled trials of CPAP. Participants with obstructive sleep apnea were randomized to one of four groups; two control arms (CMT, sham-CPAP) and two active CPAP arms (with and without behavioral interventions). Blood pressure and health-related quality of life outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Study outcomes, retention, and adverse event rates were compared between the two control arms. Sham-CPAP adherence and self-efficacy were also compared to active-CPAP adherence (without behavioral intervention).ResultsOur sample included 86 individuals in the control arms and 42 participants in the active-CPAP arm. There were no differences in longitudinal profiles in blood pressure, health-related quality of life outcomes, dropout rates, or adverse events in sham-CPAP group compared to CMT-only group (all ps &gt; 0.05); standardized differences were generally small and with inconsistent directionality across measurements. When compared to active-CPAP, sham-CPAP was associated with 93 fewer minutes/night of usage over 12 months (p = 0.007) and lower outcome expectations (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionWe observed no evidence of differences in objectively or subjectively measured outcomes with the use of sham-CPAP compared to CMT group. The lower adherence on sham-CPAP and poorer self-efficacy compared to active-CPAP may suggest differences in perceived benefit.RegistrationNCT 01261390 Best Apnea Interventions for Research (BestAIR) www.clinicaltrials.gov
Advancing science and practice using immersive virtual reality: what behavioral medicine has to offer
Authors: Persky Susan , Lewis Megan A 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTInterest in immersive virtual reality (VR) technologies is burgeoning as the hardware becomes less costly and more accessible to users, including researchers and practitioners. This commentary outlines the field of immersive VR and highlights applications of its use relevant to translational behavioral medicine. We describe the challenges facing VR applications for health and medicine, and how the core strengths of behavioral medicine can advance theory, research, and practice using VR. By highlighting potential uses of immersive VR alongside the challenges facing the field, we hope to inspire researchers to apply robust theories, methods, and frameworks to generate stronger evidence about the feasibility, acceptability, efficacy, and effectiveness of using this technology in translational behavioral medicine.
Operating Room-to-Incision Interval and Neonatal Outcome in Emergency Caesarean Section: A Retrospective 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Palmer E. , Ciechanowicz S. , Reeve A. , Harris S. , Wong D.J.N. , Sultan P. 
Published: May 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2018;73:825–831)
In the United Kingdom, cesarean deliveries (CD) are classified based on a system that defines the urgency of the surgery. A category 1 CD is one in which there is an immediate threat to the life of the mother or fetus while a category 4 CD has no urgency and can be done at a time convenient to the patient and obstetric unit. There are limited data as to the effect of anesthesia technique used on the operating room-to-incision interval (ORII) and neonatal outcomes. The current study was undertaken to assess the relationship between CD category and ORII. ORII was the time from entering the operating room to the start of surgery and includes all of the time to induce anesthesia (with the exception of an epidural top-up started in the delivery room). Unlike decision-to-delivery interval, this gives a clearer impression of the influence of anesthesia on delivery times and outcomes. In addition, the investigators evaluated associations between anesthetic technique and ORII and neonatal outcomes for women undergoing a category 1 CD.
The Intrapartum and Perinatal Risks of Sleep-disordered Breathing in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brown N.T. , Turner J.M. , Kumar S. 
Published: May 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(2):147–161)
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) consists of a spectrum of respiratory and ventilation abnormalities ranging from snoring to obstructive sleep apnea and is an increasingly common condition in the nonobstetric population. It can be associated with morbidity. The incidence of SDB in pregnant women is unknown and many cases likely go undiagnosed. This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to determine whether pregnant women diagnosed with SDB were more likely to have adverse intrapartum and perinatal outcomes compared with control subjects.
Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis May Cause More Harm than Benefit: A Critical Analysis of International Guidelines Through an Evidence-based Lens
Authors: Kotaska A. 
Published: May 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:1109–1116)
Prothrombotic hemostatic changes make pregnant and postpartum women logical targets for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Most obstetric VTE guidelines recommend low–molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for many postpartum women, including most delivering by cesarean. Although evidence is limited, a small subset of pregnant and postpartum women is at very high risk of VTE. Women with a personal history of VTE, potent thrombophilia, or prolonged immobilization usually receive and likely benefit from antenatal and postpartum LMWH prophylaxis. This perception of benefit has spread to women with more common risk factors, in whom the risk of VTE is lower.
Obstetric Synthetic Oxytocin Use and Subsequent Hyperactivity/Inattention Problems in Danish Children
Authors: Stokholm L. , Juhl M. , Lønfeldt N.N. , Mikkelsen S.H. , Obel C. , Strandberg-Larsen K. 
Published: May 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:880–889)
Synthetic oxytocin is commonly used to induce or augment labor. One report found that oxytocin augmentation of spontaneous labor occurred in almost 50% of deliveries in the United States. However, the widespread use of synthetic oxytocin for labor augmentation may be associated with adverse outcomes. For instance, uterine hyperstimulation and low Apgar scores have previously been reported. Oxytocin does cross the placenta and in a study of pregnant rats it was found to have a detrimental effect on central nervous system development of the offspring. Previous studies examining any potential effects of oxytocin use on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have had varying results. The objective of this population-based study was to examine the association between synthetic oxytocin use during labor and hyperactivity/inattention problems in the children.
Obstetric Emergencies as Antecedents to Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Does Parity Matter?
Authors: Liljestrom L. , Wikstrom A.K. , Jonsson M. 
Published: May 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:1396–1404)
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), associated with neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity, most commonly results from intrapartum asphyxia. One of the most prominent risk factors for HIE is the presence of an obstetric emergency during the intrapartum period, such as umbilical cord prolapse, uterine rupture, shoulder dystocia or placental abruption. Nulliparous patients tend to have a longer duration of labor, and may have different risk factors for HIE compared with multiparous patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between obstetric emergencies and the risk of moderate to severe HIE based on parity.
Prevalence and Prediction of Higher Estimated Gastric Content in Parturients at Full Cervical Dilatation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Desgranges F.P. , Simonin M. , Barnoud S. , Zieleskiewicz L. , Cercueil E. , Erbacher J. , Allaouchiche B. , Chassard D. , Bouvet L. 
Published: May 2019

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019;63:27–33)
There is an ongoing debate regarding the extent of gastric emptying in laboring parturients and the potential for pulmonary aspiration should conversion to general anesthesia be needed. While current guidelines state that laboring parturients should be allowed to drink clear fluids, there is insufficient evidence to support such recommendations in the context of parturients with higher than estimated gastric content. Using ultrasonography with parturients in the semirecumbent position (SR-CSA), which provides an antral cross-sectional area for measurement of gastric content, the authors of the present study determined the prevalence and predictive factors of higher estimated gastric content at full cervical dilatation in parturients allowed to drink during labor. Furthermore, the authors assessed whether SR-CSA alone can accurately identify a higher estimated gastric content.
Maternal Type 1 Diabetes and Risk of Autism in Offspring
Authors: Xiang A.H. , Wang X. , Martinez M.P. , Page K. , Buchanan T.A. , Feldman R.K. 
Published: May 2019

(JAMA. 2018;320(1):89–91)
While maternal preexisting type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation have previously been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the child, it is unclear whether maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of ASD. This study examined the associations between risk of ASD in offspring and maternal T1D, T2D, and GDM.
Optimizing Oxygen Saturation Targets in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Bizzarro M.J. 
Published: May 2019

(JAMA. 2018;319(21):2173–2174)
While preterm newborns were once routinely exposed to unrestricted oxygen therapy, in the 1950s it was suggested that there may be an association between this practice and development of retinopathy of prematurity. Since then, 2 randomized clinical trials have supported this association [Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP) and Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting (BOOST)] and also revealed that higher SpO2 ranges significantly increased the risk of severe pulmonary morbidity.
Placebo Versus Low-dose Ketamine Infusion in Addition to Remifentanil Target-controlled Infusion for Conscious Sedation During Oocyte Retrieval: A Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Morue H.I. , Raj-Lawrence S. , Saxena S. , Delbaere A. , Engelman E. , Barvais L.A. 
Published: May 2019

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35:667–674)
Since the dawn of in vitro fertilization (IVF) 40 years ago, the technique for oocyte retrieval as well as the anesthesia provided for this procedure have evolved. Conscious sedation is now the most common anesthesia technique for oocyte retrieval in both the United Kingdom and the United States. At the current investigators’ institution, a combination of anxiolysis and titration of remifentanil using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) has been the standard anesthetic technique for oocyte retrieval since 2009. This study aimed to determine if the addition of a low-dose ketamine infusion to the standard TCI remifentanil would reduce the occurence of oxygen desaturation or respiratory depression during the procedure.