bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Rare Group of Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Yoon Suk-Jin , Duc Pierre-Alain , Yoo Jaewon , Müller Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of a rare isolated group of five dwarf galaxies located at z = 0.0086 (D = 36 Mpc). All member galaxies are star forming, blue, and gas rich, with g − r indices ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 mag, and two of them show signs of ongoing mutual interaction. The most massive member of the group has a stellar mass that is half of the Small Magellanic Cloud stellar mass, and the median stellar mass of the group members is 7.87 × 107
M
☉. The derived total dynamical mass of the group is M
dyn = 6.02 × 1010
M
☉, whereas its total baryonic mass (stellar + H i) is 2.6 × 109
M
☉, which gives us the dynamical to baryonic mass ratio of 23. Interestingly, all galaxies found in the group are aligned along a straight line in the plane of the sky. The observed spatial extent of the member galaxies is 154 kpc, and their relative line-of-sight velocity span is within 75 km s−1. Using the spatially resolved optical spectra provided by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument early data release, we find that three group members share a common rotational direction. With these unique properties of the group and its member galaxies, we discuss the possible importance of such a system in the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxy groups and in testing the theory of large-scale structure formation.
The Flattest Infrared Extinction Curve in Four Isolated Dense Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Li 李 Jun 军 , Chen 陈 Bingqiu 丙秋 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Zhao 赵 He 赫 , Jiang 江 Botao 博韬 , Chen 陈 Xi 曦 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The extinction curve of interstellar dust in the dense molecular cloud cores is crucial for understanding dust properties, particularly size distribution and composition. We investigate the infrared extinction law in four nearby isolated molecular cloud cores—L429, L483, L673, and L1165—across the 1.2–8.0 μm wavelength range, using deep near-infrared and mid-infrared photometric data from UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey and Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations probe an unprecedented extinction depth, reaching A

V
∼ 40–60 mag in these dense cloud cores. We derive color-excess ratios E(K − λ)/E(H − K) by fitting color–color diagrams of (K − λ) versus (H − K), which are subsequently used to calculate the extinction law A

λ
/A

K
. Our analysis reveals remarkably similar and exceptionally flat infrared extinction curves for all four cloud cores, exhibiting the most pronounced flattening reported in the literature to date. This flatness is consistent with the presence of large dust grains, suggesting significant grain growth in dense environments. Intriguingly, our findings align closely with the Astrodust model for a diffuse interstellar environment proposed by Hensley and Draine. This agreement between dense core observations and a diffuse medium model highlights the complexity of dust evolution and the need for further investigation into the processes governing dust properties in different interstellar environments.
Bioacoustic and Ecoacoustic Data in Audiovisual Core
Authors: Baker Ed 
Published: November 2024

Audiovisual Core (Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group 2023), is the TDWG standard for metadata related to biodiversity multimedia. The Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group has been working to expand the standard to provide the terms necessary for handling sound recordings. Audiovisual Core can now handle acoustic metadata related to biodiversity from single species (bioacoustics) to the ecosystem scale (ecoacoustics).

Bioacoustics

The Natural History Museum, London has a significant collection of recorded insect sounds (Ragge and Reynolds 1998) that are often directly linked to museum specimens (Fig. 1). The sound collection has previously been digitised and made available electronically through the BioAcoustica project (Baker et al. 2015). The BioAcoustica platform allows for annotation of audio files with tags including "Call" for deliberate sound made by an organism, "Voice Introduction" for metadata, and "Extraneous Noise." These boundaries are defined by their start and end times (in seconds) relative to the start of the file (Fig. 2).

Ecoacoustics

Ecoacoustics deals with the sounds present within an entire soundscape or ecosystem. The calls of individual species form the biological part of the soundscape (biophony) alongside sounds produced by non-living natural sources (geophony) and humans (anthropophony). Individual components are often defined by date and time boundaries, and sometimes by upper and lower frequency limits (Fig. 3).

Regions of Interest

The recently added concept of a "Region of Interest" (ROI) allows for the annotation of sound files, identifying multiple regions within a single recording with time and/or frequency bounds. However, the vocabulary of ROI*1 is not just intended for sounds. Equivalent terms also allow for regions to be specified with images and videos.
The use of well-defined annotations has the potential to generate large amounts of training data for machine learning models and provide a standard for generating observation records from these models (e.g., BirdNet, see Kahl et al. 2021), which can be verified by linking them to audio segments within a much larger recording.
The development of a metadata standard for regions of interest has several interesting possibilities, including linking multiple observation records to a single soundscape recording (the recording acts similarly to a voucher specimen) and aggregating regions across multiple datasets to create larger corpora for training machine learning models.
Enhancing Plant Species Retrieval in Flora Through Language Model Integration
Authors: Kao De-Kai , Yang Chih-Kai , Chen Chien-Hsing 
Published: November 2024

Traditionally, textual data storage and retrieval systems were designed primarily for human reading, mainly relying on paper records. However, as information technology has advanced, computerized searches have become common. However, Boolean logic-based data retrieval systems often struggle to handle data's diversity and richness effectively. These systems rely on strict matching rules, which can lead to either too few or too many results. For example, when searching for plant species descriptions, a query like "circle" AND "ellipse" may exclude relevant records that describe these traits using slightly different terms (e.g., "round" or "oval"). Conversely, broader queries like "oblong" may return an overwhelming number of irrelevant results. This rigidity limits the system's ability to adapt to the nuanced and varied ways users describe data. With the advent of advanced semantic models such as SBERT (Sentence-Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) (Reimers and Gurevych 2019), we can now delve deeper into the semantic relationships within textual data. Unlike general-purpose large language models, SBERT is specifically designed for efficient semantic similarity computation.
In plant taxonomy, records in Flora, such as Flora of Taiwan or Flora of China, play a crucial role in understanding plant diversity in specific regions. These records provide critical information on plant growth environments, morphological characteristics, and economic values.
Our research aims to enhance the efficiency of retrieving plant data using language models. Specifically, we transform textual descriptions from Flora and user queries into vector representations (Fig. 2) and calculate their cosine similarity to determine the relevance between user inputs and species records. Cosine similarity, a metric commonly used in text mining and information retrieval, quantifies the similarity between two vectors by measuring the cosine of the angle between them. The similarity score ranges from -1 (completely dissimilar) to 1 (identical), where higher scores indicate greater similarity. By applying this method, we can provide users with ranked scores of plant species related to their queries (Fig. 1). This approach not only streamlines data retrieval but also introduces new perspectives for botanical research and data management, fostering a more efficient exploration of plant diversity.
Our results demonstrate the potential of language models to facilitate biodiversity research and data management, especially in retrieving plant taxonomy information. Our approach provides a novel tool for future biodiversity data analysis and retrieval, thereby contributing to the progress of biodiversity conservation.
Évaluation de la vulnérabilité des communautés de montagne face au changement climatique. Région Beni-Mellal-Khénifra, Maroc
Authors: Achbah Mounia , Khattabi Abdellatif , Pruneau Diane , Boumeaza Taieb 
Published: November 2024

Au cours des dernières années, le climat du Maroc est marqué par une hausse des températures et un déclin des précipitations. Ces événements climatiques affectent négativement la productivité des ressources, le bien-être des populations et augmentent leur vulnérabilité. L’étude vise à analyser la perception des populations quant aux impacts du changement climatique sur leurs moyens de subsistance. L’étude s’est déroulée dans la zone de montagne de la région Beni Mellal - Khénifra au Maroc. L’approche participative a été privilégiée, mettant à profit l’animation de sept ateliers et de vingt entretiens semi-structurés. L’approche qualitative a été complétée par la collecte de données tirées des statistiques de l’Agence nationale des eaux et forêts, de l’Office de développement de la coopération, du haut-commissariat au plan et du Département de l’agriculture. Les concepts d’évaluation de la vulnérabilité par les moyens de subsistance et la mesure de la criticité des impacts climatiques (sécheresse et inondations) ont été mobilisés. Les résultats ont montré que la sécheresse est l’aléa qui, selon les participants, affecte le plus leurs ressources, suivi des inondations. La matrice de vulnérabilité a permis de classer les ressources en trois catégories selon leur degré de vulnérabilité au changement climatique : i) les ressources très vulnérables (terrains agricoles, élevage et arboriculture), ii) les ressources vulnérables (ressources en eau, forêt et ressources économiques liées à la céréaliculture, l’apiculture et le maraichage) et enfin, iii) les ressources moyennement vulnérables, constituées des ressources impactées par les inondations (vies humaines, équipement et biens matériels).
« L’appel de la forêt » : une forêt primaire entre projet associatif et politique en faveur de la libre évolution
Authors: Locquet Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

Depuis les années 2000 en France et en Europe ont émergé des initiatives visant à favoriser le retour d’espace de haute naturalité. Ces projets, majoritairement portés par des associations, entendent contribuer à la lutte contre le changement climatique et l’érosion de la biodiversité. En France, des projets encourageant la « libre évolution » se développent surtout autour des milieux forestiers, bien que ces pratiques se développent dans d’autres milieux. C’est dans ce contexte, qu’a émergé le projet de l’Association Francis Hallé pour la forêt primaire (AFH), dont l’ambition est de recréer les conditions favorables au développement d’une forêt primaire de 70 000 hectares en zone transfrontalière en Europe de l’Ouest. Le présent travail de recherche, basé sur une démarche de recherche-action, s’intéresse à la manière dont ce type de projet promeut l’émergence de nouveaux modes d’action de protection de l’environnement tout en procédant d’une mise en politique de son objet. Le présent travail explore le positionnement du projet de l’AFH dans le contexte d’intérêt croissant pour les stratégies de libre évolution. Il s’intéresse également à la stratégie déployée par l’organisation et aux effets induits par le développement potentiel d’une telle initiative sur un territoire (par exemple changements d’usages, reconfiguration des activités économiques, et cetera). L’article montre que l’initiative étudiée est complexe et fait face à un certain nombre de limites pour sa mise en œuvre du fait de l’ambition de son projet, du statut d’association et de l’absence de précédent. L’AFH propose une démarche hybride, être le point de rencontre et/ou de friction entre les pratiques institutionnelles de la conservation de la nature et l’action associative. Le projet de l’AFH, à défaut de se territorialiser, contribue à la promotion et à la mise en débat des principes de libre évolution comme approche de gestion de l’environnement, et manière de cohabité avec les autres qu’humains et leviers de transitions socio-écologiques.
Weight loss for obese patients as a treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A scoping review
Authors: Cull Megan 
Published: November 2024

Background: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has been recommending a weight loss of 5% of body weight or more as a treatment for those who have osteoarthritis (OA). However, the AAOS does not recommend or guide clinicians in the best weight loss strategies, leaving the clinician and the patients on their own to navigate the weight loss process.Aim: This scoping review addresses the most effective ways to reach the recommended weight loss and achieve symptomatic improvement through various methods, including diet, exercise, meal replacements and specific diet types, with or without the help of a trained professional.Methods: In a scoping literature review, this author investigated medication use, diet, exercise or a combination of diet and exercise as an effective method for weight loss to treat hip and knee osteoarthritis and whether the delivery method (i.e., telehealth or application-based versus in-person) played a role in the effectiveness of weight loss.Results: A loss of body weight between 10% and 20% results in more significant symptomatic improvement and is safe and effective with the help of a trained health care professional and meal replacement foods.Conclusion: A clear dose response exists between the amount of weight lost and symptomatic improvement, with better symptomatic improvement seen in patients losing more than the typically recommended 5% body weight.Contribution: This review shows that a weight loss of 10–20% of body weight through a low carbohydrate diet combined with exercise can effectively be used as symptomatic management of hip or knee osteoarthritis.
Indian clinical practice consensus guidelines for the management of oropharyngeal cancer - Update 2023
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Babu K Govind , Darling HS , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kuriakose Moni , Birur Praveen , Kaushal Ashish , Mahajan Abhishek , Singhal Manish , Gairola Munish , Goyal Sumit , Patil Vijay M , Rao Vishal , Rath Goura K. , Kumar Prabhash 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Oropharyngeal cancer typically presents at a nonmetastatic stage and is primarily treated with curative intent. While surgical options are available, they are often associated with significant functional and cosmetic morbidity, leading to a preference for nonsurgical modalities. The updated guidelines address the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian context, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The guidelines detail diagnosis workflows, treatment protocols for early-stage and locally advanced cancers, and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in guiding therapy. Special attention is given to emerging treatment deintensification strategies for HPV-associated cancers, aiming to optimize outcomes while minimizing treatment-related toxicity.
Indian clinical practice consensus guidelines for the management of locoregional laryngeal cancer - Update 2023
Authors: Singhal Manish , Babu K. Govind , Darling HS , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kuriakose Moni , Birur Praveen , Kaushal Ashish , Mahajan Abhishek , Gairola Munish , Goyal Sumit , Patil Vijay M , Noronha Vanita , Rao Vishal , Rath Goura K. , Kumar Prabhash 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Laryngeal cancer typically presents at a nonmetastatic stage, and the majority of patients are treated with curative intent. Due to the functional and cosmetic morbidities associated with surgical approaches, nonsurgical modalities are increasingly favored. This update to the guidelines emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the Indian healthcare context, enhancing treatment strategies and optimizing patient outcomes. Key recommendations include the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction chemotherapy regimens, with a focus on organ preservation whenever feasible.
Indian clinical practice consensus guidelines for the management of recurrent, persistent, or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head-and-neck - Update 2023
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Babu K Govind , Darling HS , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kuriakose Moni , Mahajan Abhishek , Birur Praveen , Kaushal Ashish , Singhal Manish , Gairola Munish , Goyal Sumit , Patil M Vijay , Rao Vishal , Rath Goura Kishore , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant public health concern, particularly in India, where its incidence is disproportionately high due to risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. The updated guidelines for the management of HNSCC reflect a comprehensive review of current evidence and practices tailored to the Indian context. They emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and the integration of novel therapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and metronomic chemotherapy. Enhanced diagnostic protocols and a focus on supportive care underscore the commitment to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This update aims to provide healthcare professionals with clear, evidence-based recommendations that address the unique challenges faced by patients with HNSCC in India.
Implications of Middle Cranial Fossa Dural Plate, It’s Importance in Sclerotic Mastoid to Identify Mastoid Antrum and to Avoid Complications
Authors: Boban Sreejith , Prasad K. C. , Varsha G. Indu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To correlate middle cranial fossa dura with mastoid antrum in sclerotic mastoids with absent/rudimentary spine of Henle.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective study was conducted in 38 patients with chronic otitis media having rudimentary or absent spine of Henle in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck at R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Center from December 2021 to December 2023.

Results:
In our study, majority were males with involvement of the right ear more than left. Most of the patients had symptoms of chronic ear discharge with moderate conductive hearing loss. Some patients had associated ear pain, tinnitus and vertigo. Four patients had large central perforation. Twenty-eight cases had sclerotic mastoid and diploic in 10 patients in high-resolution computed tomography of temporal bone. Nine patients had high jugular bulb, 30 had low lying dura, and 15 with anteriorly placed sigmoid sinus. All cases underwent cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty and epitympanotomy in seven cases. Intraoperatively, 9 cases had absent spine of Henle and 29 had rudimentary spine of Henle.

Conclusion:
In sclerotic mastoids with absent or rudimentary spine of Henle to address the antrum is challenging when there is anteriorly placed sigmoid sinus and low-lying or undulating dura. The definite reference to approach mastoid antrum is to follow the pinkish hue of the dural plate with least complications.
An Atypical Presentation of a Congenital Cholesteatoma in an Adult with Extensive Inner Ear Erosion
Authors: Mathews Sunil , Parvathy P. , Rai Namrata , Sood Amit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) in an adult in his sixth decade is a rare presentation. We present a case report of surgical management of a case of CC in an adult in his sixth decade with extensive erosion of the bony labyrinth and facial canal, reaching up to the internal auditory meatus without eroding the ossicles or extension into the mastoid.
Rare Epidermoid Cyst in Bony External Auditory Canal with Labyrinthine Fistula
Authors: Chauhan Bhushan , Singh Gurchand , Kaur Mehakleen , Godara Shweta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The presence of an epidermoid cyst in the bony wall of the external auditory canal (EAC) is an exceedingly rare condition, often necessitating surgical intervention due to meatal obstruction. A 13-year-old girl presented with a mass in the right EAC, causing obliteration, bony destruction, and profound sensorineural hearing loss. Temporal bone computed tomography revealed a labyrinthine fistula resulting from soft-tissue density eroding the cochlear promontory’s bony wall. The 8.6 mm × 6.8 mm mass was excised through a postaural approach under general anesthesia, followed by tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of an epidermoid cyst in the bony EAC. Postoperatively, there was a modest improvement in hearing. Despite the rarity of such cases, considering epidermoid cysts in EAC mass evaluations is crucial to mitigate the potential risk of malignant transformation.
Investigation of the Effect of Pediatric Serous Otitis Media on Music Perception and Auditory Processing
Authors: Aygün Rabia , Gökçe Büsra , Özdamar Osman Ilkay , Acar Gül Özbilen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Otitis media (OM) with effusion is a common early childhood condition. While the auditory nervous system develops, exposure to inconsistent auditory stimuli can affect sound perception. It is also known that musical perception may be affected, as well as auditory processing, by serous OM (SOM).

Aims and Objectives:
Our study aimed to evaluate the musical perception and auditory processing of children with normal hearing who had a history of SOM in early childhood.

Materials and Methods:
Children aged 8–13 years with (n = 20) and without (n = 22) a history of SOM in early childhood who were determined to have normal hearing by audiological tests were included. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Musical Abilities (MBEMA) was used to assess their musical perception; the frequency pattern test (FPT), the duration pattern test (DPT), and the gap detection (GD) were applied to evaluate their temporal processing skills. The Turkish version of the Children’s Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS) was used for subjective evaluations.

Results:
A statistically significant difference between the groups was found in the scores of the melody subtest of the MBEMA (P = 0.028), in FPT (P = 0.007), in DPT (P = 0.038), and in CHAPS scores (P = 0.028), but no statistically significant difference was noted between GD values (P > 0.05). A moderate (0.324) positive correlation was found between the melody test and the FPT. A moderate (0.316) positive correlation was found between the FPT and CHAPS results.

Conclusion:
OM, common in early childhood, may negatively affect music perception and auditory processing skills.