bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome with low‐dose Omalizumab
Authors: Berry Renee , Hollingsworth Peter , Lucas Michaela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesIdiopathic mast cell disorders, a recently defined and recognised syndrome in clinical practice, are similar to the previously termed non‐clonal mast cell disorder. Patients with idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) suffer all the classical signs of mast cell activation but do not have evidence of mast cell clonality. Furthermore, treatment of these patients can be limited and burdensome in those with refractory symptoms.MethodsHere, we describe treatment of a patient with idiopathic MCAS utilising a single monthly subcutaneous injection of omalizumab and review the current classification and therapeutic options for clonal and non‐clonal MCAS.ResultsLow‐dose omalizumab treatment has successfully led to a 5‐year, sustained clinical response, controlled debilitating symptoms of mast cell activation and allowed for reintroduction and long‐term maintenance of bee venom subcutaneous immunotherapy.ConclusionLow‐dose omalizumab of 150 mg monthly should be considered for maintenance management of patients with idiopathic MCAS for its cost and quality‐of‐life benefits.
Spatial scale affects novel and disappeared climate change projections in Alaska
Authors: Morrison Bailey D. , Heath Katy , Greenberg Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe formation of novel and disappeared climates between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the present is important to consider to understand the expansion and contraction of species niches and distributions, as well as the formation and loss of communities and ecological interactions over time. Our choice in climate data resolution has the potential to complicate predictions of the ecological impacts of climate change, since climate varies from local to global scales and this spatial variation is reflected in climate data. To address this issue, we downscaled LGM and modern (1975–2005) 30‐year averaged climate data to 60‐m resolution for the entire state of Alaska for 10 different climate variables, and then upsampled each variable to coarser resolutions (60 m to 12 km). We modeled the distributions of novel and disappeared climates to evaluate the locations and fractional area of novel and disappeared climates for each of our climate variables and resolutions. Generally, novel and disappeared climates were located in southern Alaska, although there were cases where some disappeared climates existed within coastal and interior Alaska. Climate resolution affected the fractional area of novel and disappeared climates in three patterns: As the spatial resolution of climate became coarser, the fractional area of novel and disappeared climates (a) increased, (b) decreased, or (c) had no explainable relationship. Overall, we found the use of coarser climate data increased the fractional area of novel and disappeared climates due to decreased environmental variability and removal of climate extremes. Our results reinforce the importance of downscaling coarse climate data and suggest that studies analyzing the effects of climate change on ecosystems may overestimate or underestimate their conclusions when utilizing coarse climate data.
Fine‐scale substrate heterogeneity in green roof plant communities: The constraint of size
Authors: Vasl Amiel , Schindler Bracha Y. , Kadas Gyongyver J. , Blaustein Leon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeterogeneity–diversity relationship (HDR) is commonly shown to be positive in accordance with classic niche processes. However, recent soil‐based studies have often found neutral and even negative HDRs. Some of the suggested reasons for this discrepancy include the lack of resemblance between manipulated substrate and natural settings, the treated areas not being large enough to contain species' root span, and finally limited‐sized plots may not sustain focal species’ populations over time. Vegetated green roofs are a growing phenomenon in many cities that could be an ideal testing ground for this problem. Recent studies have focused on the ability of these roofs to sustain stable and diverse plant communities and substrate heterogeneity that would increase niches on the roof has been proposed as a method to attain this goal. We constructed an experimental design using green roof experimental modules (4 m2) where we manipulated mineral and organic substrate component heterogeneity in different subplots (0.25 m2) within the experimental module while maintaining the total sum of mineral and organic components. A local annual plant community was seeded in the modules and monitored over three growing seasons. We found that plant diversity and biomass were not affected by experimentally created substrate heterogeneity. In addition, we found that different treatments, as well as specific subplot substrates, had an effect on plant community assemblages during the first year but not during the second and third years. Substrate heterogeneity levels were mostly unchanged over time. The inability to retain plant community composition over the years despite the maintenance of substrate differences supports the hypothesis that maintenance of diversity is constrained at these spatial scales by unfavorable dispersal and increased stochastic events as opposed to predictions of classic niche processes.
Bayesian model selection for spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Dey Soumen , Delampady Mohan , Gopalaswamy Arjun M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA vast amount of ecological knowledge generated over the past two decades has hinged upon the ability of model selection methods to discriminate among various ecological hypotheses. The last decade has seen the rise of Bayesian hierarchical models in ecology. Consequently, commonly used tools, such as the AIC, become largely inapplicable and there appears to be no consensus about a particular model selection tool that can be universally applied. We focus on a specific class of competing Bayesian spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models and apply and evaluate some of the recommended Bayesian model selection tools: (1) Bayes Factor—using (a) Gelfand‐Dey and (b) harmonic mean methods, (2) Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), (3) Watanabe‐Akaike's Information Criterion (WAIC) and (4) posterior predictive loss criterion. In all, we evaluate 25 variants of model selection tools in our study. We evaluate these model selection tools from the standpoint of selecting the “true” model and parameter estimation. In all, we generate 120 simulated data sets using the true model and assess the frequency with which the true model is selected and how well the tool estimates N (population size), a parameter of much importance to ecologists. We find that when information content is low in the data, no particular model selection tool can be recommended to help realize, simultaneously, both the goals of model selection and parameter estimation. But, in general (when we consider both the objectives together), we recommend the use of our application of the Bayes Factor (Gelfand‐Dey with MAP approximation) for Bayesian SCR models. Our study highlights the point that although new model selection tools are emerging (e.g., WAIC) in the applied statistics literature, those tools based on sound theory even under approximation may still perform much better.
Diet‐based assortative mating through sexual imprinting
Authors: Delaney Emily K. , Hoekstra Hopi E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpeciation is facilitated by “magic traits,” where divergent natural selection on such traits also results in assortative mating. In animal populations, diet has the potential to act as a magic trait if populations diverge in consumed food that incidentally affects mating and therefore sexual isolation. While diet‐based assortative mating has been observed in the laboratory and in natural populations, the mechanisms causing positive diet‐based assortment remain largely unknown. Here, we experimentally created divergent diets in a sexually imprinting species of mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus (the cotton mouse), to test the hypothesis that sexual imprinting on diet could be a mechanism that generates rapid and significant sexual isolation. We provided breeding pairs with novel garlic‐ or orange‐flavored water and assessed whether their offspring, exposed to these flavors in utero and in the nest before weaning, later preferred mates that consumed the same flavored water as their parents. While males showed no preference, females preferred males of their parental diet, which is predicted to yield moderate sexual isolation. Thus, our experiment demonstrates the potential for sexual imprinting on dietary cues learned in utero and/or postnatally to facilitate reproductive isolation and potentially speciation.Open Research Badges

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n1qq6v3.
Human values and ideological beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward immigrants across 20 countries: The country‐level moderating role of threat
Authors: Araújo Rafaella de C. R. , Bobowik Magdalena , Vilar Roosevelt , Liu James H. , Gil de Zuñiga Homero , Kus‐Harbord Larissa , Lebedeva Nadezhda , Gouveia Valdiney V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmigration is a worldwide subject of interest, and studies about attitudes toward immigrants have been frequent due to immigration crises in different locations across the globe. We aimed at understanding individual‐level effects of human values and ideological beliefs (Right‐Wing Authoritarianism—RWA, and Social Dominance Orientation—SDO) on attitudes toward immigrants, and whether country‐level variables (perception of Islamic fundamentalism as a threat, perception of immigrants as a threat, and international migrant stock) moderate these relations. With representative samples from 20 countries (N = 21,362; the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania), and using Multilevel Bayesian regressions, results showed the negative effect of RWA, SDO, and existence values on attitudes toward immigrants, and the positive effects of suprapersonal and interactive values. Cross‐level interactions indicated that the effects of RWA, SDO, and suprapersonal and existence values were intensified in countries with societally high levels of perceiving Islamic fundamentalism as a threat. International migrant stock served as a country‐level moderator for the effects of SDO and RWA only. When country‐level moderators were included simultaneously, Islamic fundamentalism as a threat was the most consistent moderator. Framing theory is offered as a plausible explanation of these results.
Modification of Gold Electrode via Electrografting of the in situ Generated 3‐Carboxy‐1,2,4‐triazoldiazonium Salt for Label‐free Determination of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Svalova T. S. , Saigushkina A. A. , Medvedeva M. V. , Malysheva N. N. , Zhdanovskikh V. O. , Kozitsin I. V. , Kozitsina A. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn present study electrografting of the in situ generated 3‐carboxy‐1,2,4‐triazoldiazonium chloride on the Au disk electrode have been studied. The electrode film thickness differences between electrodeposited due to the aryl radical structure 3‐carboxy‐1,2,4‐triazoldiazonium chloride and 4‐carboxyphenyldiazonium salt was shown. The mechanism of 3‐carboxy‐1,2,4‐triazoldiazonium chloride electrografting has been proposed. 4‐nitroanilin was used to investigate the carbodiimide crosslinking capacity. It was established that electrodeposited films are suitable for carbodiimide crosslinking but the reaction proceed only on the “external” electrografted layer. Under the chosen optimal parameters, the label‐free electrochemical immunosensor have been developed. 3‐carboxy‐1,2,4‐triazoldiazonium chloride electrografting provided improvement of analytical characteristics in respect to electrodeposited 4‐carboxyphenyldiazonium salt. The linear range for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection is 10–104 ng ⋅ ml−1, the limit of detection estimated as 0.2 ng ⋅ ml−1. The developed immunosensor is stable during 30 day′s storage and selective against excess of bovine serum albumin as an interfering reagent.
Engineered disulfide bonds improve thermostability and activity of L‐isoleucine hydroxylase for efficient 4‐HIL production in Bacillus subtilis 168
Authors: Qiao Zhina , Xu Meijuan , Shao Minglong , Zhao Youxi , Long Mengfei , Yang Taowei , Zhang Xian , Yang Shangtian , Nakanishi Hideki , Rao Zhiming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract4‐Hydroxyisoleucine, a promising drug, has mainly been applied in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes in the pharmaceutical industry. l‐Isoleucine hydroxylase specifically converts l‐Ile to 4‐hydroxyisoleucine. However, due to its poor thermostability, the industrial production of 4‐hydroxyisoleucine has been largely restricted. In the present study, the disulfide bond in l‐isoleucine hydroxylase protein was rationally designed to improve its thermostability to facilitate industrial application. The half‐life of variant T181C was 4.03 h at 50°C, 10.27‐fold the half‐life of wild type (0.39 h). The specific enzyme activity of mutant T181C was 2.42 ± 0.08 U/mg, which was 3.56‐fold the specific enzyme activity of wild type 0.68 ± 0.06 U/mg. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to determine the reason for the improvement of thermostability. Based on five repeated batches of whole‐cell biotransformation, Bacillus subtilis 168/pMA5‐idoT181C recombinant strain produced a cumulative yield of 856.91 mM (126.11 g/L) 4‐hydroxyisoleucine, which is the highest level of productivity reported based on a microbial process. The results could facilitate industrial scale production of 4‐hydroxyisoleucine. Rational design of disulfide bond improved l‐isoleucine hydroxylase thermostability and may be suitable for protein engineering of other hydroxylases.
Reconstructing large‐scale karst paleogeomorphology at the top of the Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, China: Control on natural gas accumulation and paleogeographic implications
Authors: Xiao Di , Tan Xiucheng , Fan Liyong , Zhang Daofeng , Nie Wancai , Niu Tong , Cao Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKarstification in carbonate successions has an important influence on hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking the Ordos Basin, currently the largest petroliferous basin in China, as an example, this study examines the large‐scale, long‐term (~120 Myr) paleokarst at the top of the Ordovician. The objectives of the study are to characterize the karst paleogeomorphology of this area, to explain the inconsistency between existing understandings of karst paleogeomorphology and exploration in the eastern Ordos Basin, and to reveal the control of paleokarst on natural gas accumulation and its paleogeographic significance. A total of 860 exploration wells were used for detailed stratigraphic correlation and analysis, along with core observations, well‐logging analyses, physical property characterization, and isotope analyses. Results of residual thickness and moldic thickness reconstruction reveal variation in karst paleogeomorphology between north and south in the eastern Ordos Basin, differing from the traditionally recognized E‐W variation. Two geomorphic units are classified as follows: the karst highland and the karst slope from north to south, with the karst slope being subdivided into northern and southern slope areas. The karst highland area has negligible reservoir capacity and hydrocarbon accumulation owing to the enhanced denudation that occurred there. In contrast, the northern karst slope shows favorable reservoir properties and has abundant gas wells according to well‐logging interpretations, whereas the southern karst slope is of poor reservoir quality and hosts mainly water wells. Differences in dissolution‐filling effects controlled by the surface paleodrainage system are suggested to be the main contributor to differential reservoir space preservation, which, together with the variable width and depth of source rocks in the grooves (thereby variably exposing source rock), further promoted differential gas accumulation. The Ordos Basin and its periphery in the southwestern North China Craton (NCC) show inheritance of sedimentary‐tectonic patterns from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Carboniferous. These results should provide a reference for hydrocarbon exploration in the Ordovician of other basins in the NCC in which karst occurs and karst basins worldwide, and deepens understanding of the paleogeographic framework in the context of regional uplift of the North China Platform.
Effects of microwave blanching conditions on the quality of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) butt segment
Authors: Nguyen Thi Van Linh , Tran Thi Yen Nhi , Lam Duc Tri , Bach Long Giang , Nguyen Duy Chinh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlanching is a pretreatment method that is often applied in fruit and vegetable processing to inhibit enzyme activity and reduce loss of food quality. It was recently discovered that well‐controlled microwave volumetric heating could improve the blanching efficiency and retain nutritional and sensorial values of product. This study was conducted to investigate effects of microwave blanching conditions on the quality of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) butt segments, a rich source of fiber and antioxidants but are often discarded during processing. The experiments were designed by one‐factor‐at‐a‐time method with two varying factors including blanching time (2, 4, 6, and 8 min) and microwave power output (150, 300, 450, and 600 W). Quality of product was evaluated by sensory, retention of phenolics, and free‐radical scavenging activity retention. The results showed that longer blanching time or higher microwave power was associated with reduced quality of green asparagus butt segment. Besides, the appropriate parameters for microwave blanching of the green asparagus butt segment was found at 300 W for 4 min.
Molecular simulation of equal density temperature in CCS under geological sequestration conditions
Authors: Yuan Lei , Zhang Yi , Zhao Jiafei , Song Yongchen , Chi Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStoring carbon dioxide (CO2) in geological reservoirs, principally saline aquifers, is one of the main methods proposed to address the issue of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. With the aim of ensuring long‐term CO2 storage in geological reservoirs, the density of the CO2–brine solution is an important property that controls brine buoyancy. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the density of CO2–water solutions at temperatures in the range 60–240°C, pressures in the range 10–100 MPa, varying CO2 mass fractions (1%, 2%, and 3%), and varying CO2–NaCl–water solution salinities (2 and 4 mol/kg), all of which are crucial parameters for CO2 geological sequestration. The optimal combination model of CO2(TraPPE)–NaCl(OPLS)–water(TIP4P/2005) was determined by comparing experimental values with simulate density under geological conditions. The simulation results reproduced the trends of the experimental values. The equal density temperature (Te) indicated that solution density decreases upon CO2 dissolution in water when the temperature increases to a certain point. According to the simulation results, Te increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing salinity. Further, the results of analysis of the structural properties of the solution to determine the causes of Te showed that, with increasing temperature, the distance between CO2 molecules and adjacent atoms increases significantly, which reduces the local density around the CO2 molecules. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upgrading without formal integration in M&A: The role of social integration
Authors: Torres de Oliveira Rui , Sahasranamam Sreevas , Figueira Sandra , Paul Justin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch summaryBy adopting a phenomenon‐based research approach, we examine the case of an emerging market (EM) supplier upgrading its position in the automotive global value chain (GVC) through the acquisition of a technologically advanced firm from a developed market (DM). Drawing on GVC and social integration literature, we explore the role of social integration adopted by the EM acquirer to achieve upgrading through acquisition. We develop a conceptual framework where we explain the different social integration mechanisms that EM multinationals employ before and after acquisitions to achieve upgrading.Managerial summaryWhen analyzing an EM firm acquiring a DM firm we found that social integration is a key factor that enables knowledge transfer, particularly if no formal or structural integration occurs. This suggests that the development of mechanisms to facilitate strong socially integrated relationships with acquired firms is central for such type of acquisitions. Our research shows that EM firm managers need to put in place combinations of social integration mechanisms during different phases of the acquisition. Environmental and cognitive social integration mechanisms are crucial for gaining initial legitimacy. Furthermore, affective social integration is important for initiating process and functional upgrading, while cognitive social integration mechanisms become important for initiating intersectorial upgrading.
Potential of on‐scalp MEG: Robust detection of human visual gamma‐band responses
Authors: Iivanainen Joonas , Zetter Rasmus , Parkkonen Lauri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrophysiological signals recorded intracranially show rich frequency content spanning from near‐DC to hundreds of hertz. Noninvasive electromagnetic signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) typically contain less signal power in high frequencies than invasive recordings. Particularly, noninvasive detection of gamma‐band activity (>30 Hz) is challenging since coherently active source areas are small at such frequencies and the available imaging methods have limited spatial resolution. Compared to EEG and conventional SQUID‐based MEG, on‐scalp MEG should provide substantially improved spatial resolution, making it an attractive method for detecting gamma‐band activity. Using an on‐scalp array comprised of eight optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) and a conventional whole‐head SQUID array, we measured responses to a dynamic visual stimulus known to elicit strong gamma‐band responses. OPMs had substantially higher signal power than SQUIDs, and had a slightly larger relative gamma‐power increase over the baseline. With only eight OPMs, we could obtain gamma‐activity source estimates comparable to those of SQUIDs at the group level. Our results show the feasibility of OPMs to measure gamma‐band activity. To further facilitate the noninvasive detection of gamma‐band activity, the on‐scalp OPM arrays should be optimized with respect to sensor noise, the number of sensors and intersensor spacing.