bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quagmire of Return and Reintegration: Challenges to Multi‐Stakeholder Co‐ordination of Involuntary Returns
Authors: Kandilige Leander , Adiku Geraldine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe institutional aspect of return migration has received little attention in the theoretical and empirical literature on return migration. This research fills the apparent lacuna by unearthing institutional challenges to multi‐stakeholder coordination, at different spatial levels in crisis situations and negative effects on reintegration of forcibly returned migrants. We use the evacuation of Ghanaian migrants from Libya who occupied very low socio‐economic positions, experienced racism and discrimination, including physical attacks and arbitrary arrests in 2011, as a case study to understand institutional challenges to forced return when migrants’ carefully tailored plans are thrown into disarray and they are forced to return unprepared. This study employed mainly qualitative research methods among six different categories of actors and engaged an adaptation of Cassarino's “returnee's preparedness framework” to expand theoretical understandings of return migration from the institutional perspective and to highlight what can go wrong when institutions are unprepared for involuntary returnees.
How to Measure Relative Bias in Media Coverage?
Authors: Dalal Siddhartha , Adlim Berkay , Lesk Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mainstream media are regularly accused of being biased or of peddling “fake news”. But are the accusations fair? Does a supposedly “partisan” newspaper like the New York Times really differ in the tone of its coverage from a “neutral” newswire service like Reuters? Siddhartha Dalal, Berkay Adlim and Michael Lesk investigate
The American Statistical Association and the US Census: A Shared History
Authors: Billard Lynne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 1839, the American Statistical Association (ASA) was formed amid concern for the “antiquated and ineffective machinery” used to conduct the United States Census. Over the next 180 years, ASA presidents and members played an integral role in shaping, refining and strengthening this central pillar of the US democratic system. Lynne Billard tells the story
Will Administrative Data Save Government Surveys?
Authors: Auerbach Jonathan , Brummet Quentin , Czajka John , Hough George C. , Hunsinger Eddie , Salvo Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Government surveys are, in many ways, the foundations of our data-driven world. But those foundations are under strain. Can administrative data come to the rescue? Jonathan Auerbach, Quentin Brummet, John Czajka, George C. Hough Jr, Eddie Hunsinger and Joseph Salvo weigh the pros and cons, and the opportunities and challenges
Effects of microstructure on fracture strength and conductivity of sintered NMC333
Authors: Huddleston William , Dynys Frederick , Sehirlioglu Alp 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSintering of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 cathode material was investigated for potential application in all‐electric aerospace propulsion systems utilizing new architectural concepts. All‐solid‐state batteries, while inherently safe, may not reach the high energy density required for next generation propulsion systems. To meet this performance requirement, multifunctionality of sintered active material may achieve systems level weight savings through simultaneous load bearing and electrochemical energy storage performance. The effects of sintering conditions on structural stability, chemistry, densification, grain size, fracture strength and electrical conductivity were quantified for the active cathode material. X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma results indicated the structure and stoichiometry were maintained across the range of processing conditions to facilitate intercalation. Densification was achieved by sintering at 1050°C in ambient atmosphere, but grain coarsening was observed for higher temperatures and longer hold times. Mechanical strength was improved with reduction in porosity, but excessive grain growth decreased strength, providing a maximum of 50 MPa for samples sintered at 1050°C for 10 hours. Electrical conductivity initially improved with densification, but significantly diminished as the microstructure coarsened. The optimal sintering condition of 1050°C maximized mechanical fracture strength and electrical conductivity, with shorter sintering times preferred.
Enhanced temperature stability in the O–T phase boundary of (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramics
Authors: Wu Bo , Ma Jian , Gou Qian , Wu Wenjuan , Chen Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to obtain excellent electrical properties and its temperature stability of KNN‐based ceramics to meet the practical applications, a new lead‐free material system of (1−x)K0.5Na0.5Nb0.96Sb0.04O3‐xBi0.5Na0.5Zr0.8Sn0.2O3 (KNNS‐xBNZS, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.060) was designed, and the enhanced electrical properties (eg, d33 ~ 465 pC/N, εr ~ 3318, Suni ~ 0.133%) is obtained in the ceramics with x = 0.04. The physical origin of enhanced electric properties should be ascribed to the phase instability of R‐T, resulting in a low‐energy barrier, which can greatly facilitate the polarization switching. Moreover, the temperature stable of piezoelectric constant (d33 or d33*) is measured by three distinctive methods in different phase boundaries (O, O‐T, R‐T) at the temperature range 20°C‐180°C, revealing that the O‐T phase boundary has a relatively good temperature stability. A mode is used to show how to effectively modified the piezoelectric constant (d33 or d33*) and its temperature stability, we believe that such a strategy may further improve the temperature stability of d33 or d33* value in KNN‐based ceramics.
Application of combined UV‐C light and ethanol treatment for the reduction of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus on Gwamegi (semidried Pacific saury)
Authors: Lee Eun‐Seon , Park Shin Young , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the combined effects of different doses of UV‐C light at 260 nm (0–1,800 mWs/cm2) and ethanol (0–70%) on the reduction of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in experimentally contaminated Gwamegi (semidried Pacific saury). After combined treatment of 4,800 mWs/cm2 of UV‐C and 70% ethanol, E. coli and B. cereus were reduced by 3.03 and 2.73 log CFU/g, respectively. However, quality losses of the product, including changes in pH, the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances value, and color occurred after storage for 2 weeks at 5°C. The results suggested that a combination of 2,400 mWs/cm2 of UV‐C and 70% ethanol could potentially be used to inactivate E. coli and B. cereus in this dried fish product during storage for 7 days without any adverse changes in the qualities of the fillets.Practical ApplicationsSince Gwamegi is traditionally air‐dried in the open, it could easily become contaminated by pathogens. Treatment with the combination of UV‐C (2,400 mWs/cm2) and ethanol (70%) is optimal to prevent microbial proliferation on the product during drying without causing organoleptic changes. Despite the cost, this hurdle technology can be applied in the small fishery industry.
Melatonin long‐lasting beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular reactivity and redox balance in chronic hypoxic ovine neonates
Authors: Gonzaléz‐Candia Alejandro , Candia Alejandro A. , Figueroa Esteban G. , Feixes Elisenda , Gonzalez‐Candia Cristopher , Aguilar Simón A. , Ebensperger Germán , Reyes Roberto V. , Llanos Aníbal J. , Herrera Emilio A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by maladaptive pulmonary vascular remodeling and abnormal contractile reactivity. This is a multifactorial syndrome with chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress as main etiological drivers, and with limited effectiveness in therapeutic approaches. Melatonin is a neurohormone with antioxidant and vasodilator properties at the pulmonary level. Therefore, this study aims to test whether a postnatal treatment with melatonin during the neonatal period improves in a long‐lasting manner the clinical condition of PAHN. Ten newborn lambs gestated and born at 3600 m were used in this study, five received vehicle and five received melatonin in daily doses of 1 mg kg−1 for the first 3 weeks of life. After 1 week of treatment completion, lung tissue and small pulmonary arteries (SPA) were collected for wire myography, molecular biology, and morphostructural analyses. Melatonin decreased pulmonary arterial pressure the first 4 days of treatment. At 1 month old, melatonin decreased the contractile response to the vasoconstrictors K+, TX2, and ET‐1. Further, melatonin increased the endothelium‐dependent and muscle‐dependent vasodilation of SPA. Finally, the treatment decreased pulmonary oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant enzymes and diminishing pro‐oxidant sources. In conclusion, melatonin improved vascular reactivity and oxidative stress at the pulmonary level in PAHN lambs gestated and born in chronic hypoxia.
Tracking Opioid Prescribing Metrics in Washington State (2012‐2017): Differences by County‐Level Urban‐Rural and Economic Distress Classifications
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Edmonds Amy T. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeHigh‐risk opioid prescribing is a critical driver of prescription opioid‐related morbidity and mortality. This study explored opioid prescribing patterns across urban‐rural and economic distress classifications. Secondarily, this study explored the urban‐rural distribution of relevant health services, economic factors, and population characteristics.MethodsCounty‐level opioid prescribing metrics were based on quarterly Washington State Prescription Monitoring Program data (2012‐2017). Counties were classified using the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban‐Rural Classification Scheme for Counties, and Washington State unemployment‐based distressed areas. County‐level measures from Area Health Resources Files were used to describe the urban‐rural continuum.FindingsPersistent economic distress was associated with higher‐risk opioid prescribing. The large central metropolitan category had lower‐risk opioid prescribing metrics than the other 5 urban‐rural categories, which were similar to each other and not ordered by degree of rurality. High‐risk prescribing declined over time, without notable trend divergence by either urban‐rural or economic distress classifications.ConclusionsThe most striking urban‐rural differences in opioid prescribing metrics were between large central metropolitan and all other categories; thus, we recommend caution when collapsing urban‐rural categories for analysis. Further research is needed regarding geographic and economic patterning of opioid prescribing practices, as well as the dissemination of guidelines and best practices across the urban‐rural continuum. Finally, the multiple intertwined burdens faced by rural communities—higher‐risk prescribing practices, higher opioid morbidity and mortality rates, and fewer resources for primary care, mental health care, alternative pain treatment, and opioid use disorder treatment—must be addressed as an urgent public health priority.
Lymphatic‐to‐blood vessel transition in adult microvascular networks: A discovery made possible by a top‐down approach to biomimetic model development
Authors: Azimi Mohammad S. , Motherwell Jessica M. , Hodges Nicholas A. , Rittenhouse Garret R. , Majbour Dima , Porvasnik Stacey L. , Schmidt Christine E. , Murfee Walter L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEmerging areas of vascular biology focus on lymphatic/blood vessel mispatterning and the regulation of endothelial cell identity. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered: Can lymphatic vessels become blood vessels in adult tissues? Leveraging a novel tissue culture model, the objective of this study was to track lymphatic endothelial cell fate over the time course of adult microvascular network remodeling.MethodsCultured adult Wistar rat mesenteric tissues were labeled with BSI‐lectin and time‐lapse images were captured over five days of serum‐stimulated remodeling. Additionally, rat mesenteric tissues on day 0 and day 3 and 5 post‐culture were labeled for PECAM + LYVE‐1 or PECAM + podoplanin.ResultsCultured networks were characterized by increases in blood capillary sprouting, lymphatic sprouting, and the number of lymphatic/blood vessel connections. Comparison of images from the same network regions identified incorporation of lymphatic vessels into blood vessels. Mosaic lymphatic/blood vessels contained lymphatic marker positive and negative endothelial cells.ConclusionsOur results reveal the ability for lymphatic vessels to transition into blood vessels in adult microvascular networks and discover a new paradigm for investigating lymphatic/blood endothelial cell dynamics during microvascular remodeling.
Gamma‐glutamyl–carboxylated Gas6 mediates positive role of vitamin K on lowering hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dihingia Anjum , Ozah Dibyajyoti , Borah Thaneswar , Kalita Jatin , Manna Prasenjit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of gamma‐glutamyl–carboxylated growth arrest–specific 6 (cGas6) in mediating the beneficial effect of vitamin K (VK) on regulating glucose metabolism remains elusive. We took a three‐pronged approach—evaluating human type 2 diabetes (T2D), high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed mice, and in vitro cultured myotubes—to address this. Blood samples were collected from both T2D patients and control subjects; skeletal muscle and blood samples were collected from HFD–fed mice with or without VK supplementation (1, 3, and 5 µg/kg BW, 8 weeks); and the molecular mechanism of cGas6 was dissected using GGCX, Gas6, AXL, or IR siRNA–transfected cultured myotubes. Plasma cGas6 and VK were significantly lower in T2D patients compared with control; and cGas6 and the cGas6/Gas6 ratio were positively correlated with VK and inversely correlated with fasting glucose in T2D patients, suggesting an important role for plasma VK and cGas6 in maintaining glucose homeostasis in T2D. Animal studies revealed that VK supplementation dose‐dependently upregulated plasma cGas6; stimulated the protein expression of cGas6, PI3K, pAKT, and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle; and reduced hyperglycemia in HFD‐fed T2D mice. And in vitro mRNA knockdown studies demonstrated the requirement of cGas6 in mediating the positive effect of VK on glucose metabolism via stimulating the PI3K/pAKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway in high glucose–treated myotubes. These results demonstrate a significant involvement of cGas6 in mediating the beneficial effect of VK on regulating glucose homeostasis in T2D.
Von Wright and Wittgenstein on (the Varieties of) Goodness and Family Resemblance: A Constructive Rejoinder to Klagge (2018)
Authors: Jakola Lassi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractJames C. Klagge (2018) readings of G. H. von Wright's and Wittgenstein's views concerning goodness and family resemblance are criticised and new interpretations are provided: Pace Klagge, (i) von Wright's arguments against goodness as a family‐resemblance concept do not concern cases of goodness but the interrelations between the conceptual varieties of goodness; (ii) Wittgenstein did not endorse a ‘constitutivist account of goodness’ in his 1933 lectures; and (iii) Wittgenstein did not come close to Stevenson's emotivism in his Philosophical Investigations. Rather, Wittgenstein's later remarks on goodness may be read as ‘objects of comparison’ (PI §130), implying no strong theoretical commitments.
Effect of preconditioning to the soil environment on the performance of 20 cyanobacterial strains used as inoculum for biocrust restoration
Authors: Giraldo‐Silva Ana , Nelson Corey , Penfold Cory , Barger Nichole N. , Garcia‐Pichel Ferran 
Published: October 2019

Biological soil crusts are complex communities of organisms that develop on the top layer of dryland soils where they enhance important ecosystem services, including soil fertility and protection from erosion. Regrettably, a range of human activities such as cattle grazing, off‐road driving, hiking, and global warming result in significant deterioration of biocrust cover and their associated services. This scenario has prompted efforts to develop effective biocrust restoration strategies, which often involve the production of biocrust inoculum, both in greenhouse and in laboratory settings. Sometimes this inoculum is preconditioned in a process of “hardening” at considerable expense and effort in order to improve its fitness under harsh field conditions. But the positive effects of such hardening procedures have yet to be rigorously demonstrated. Here, we compared the growth performance of 20 cultured strains of biocrust cyanobacteria in outdoor tests on native soils as a function of preconditioning regimes consisting of increasingly high exposure to solar radiation, temperature and illumination daily variability, and recurrent wet‐dry cycles. Preconditioning improved performance in 13 out of 20 strains, particularly among pioneer crust‐forming Microcoleus spp. (eight out of eight). Improvements were variable among heterocystous strains (three out of four Scytonema spp., two out of four Tolypothrix spp., and none out of four Nostoc spp.). Based on these results, we recommend the inclusion of preconditioning treatments to increase inoculum survival rate and speed of cyanobacterial biocrust recovery in restoration of dryland soils.
Using human values‐based approach to understand cross‐cultural commitment toward regulation and governance of cybersecurity†
Authors: Kharlamov Alexander , Pogrebna Ganna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article develops a new framework linking cross‐cultural human values, regulation, and governance in the area of cybersecurity. Cyber space is currently transitioning from a laissez‐faire into a regulated area. Yet, there is a significant heterogeneity in terms of the strength of commitment in different states to regulation and governance of digital spaces. Therefore, it is important to explore why this heterogeneity exists. This article proposes that heterogeneity in the commitment to regulation and governance of cyber space between different nations stems from the fundamental cross‐cultural differences in human values between countries. Using an example of cybersecurity, we show how the cultural value orientations theory maps onto national commitments to regulate and govern cybersecurity issues. We construct a theoretical framework linking human values with cybersecurity regulation and confirm the existence of this link empirically using the data from the international Schwartz Value Survey and the Global Cybersecurity Index.
Head impact exposure in youth football—Are current interventions hitting the target?
Authors: Sandmo Stian Bahr , Andersen Thor Einar , Koerte Inga Katharina , Bahr Roald 
Published: October 2019

Restrictions on heading in youth football have been implemented in some countries to limit head impact exposure. However, current interventions remain poorly guided by evidence. Our objective was to quantify heading exposure in youth football, assessing the effects of sex and age. Football matches played during an international youth football tournament with no heading restrictions were directly observed, including players from both sexes (11‐19 years). The elite senior level was included for comparison, using video analysis. All heading events were registered, classified, and assigned to individual players. Heading rates were calculated for each sex and age group. We observed a total of 267 matches, corresponding to 4011 player hours (1927 player hours for females, 2083 player hours for males). Males headed more frequently than females (2.7 vs 1.8 headers/player hour; P < .001). Heading rates increased with age (ANOVA, P < .001), approaching the elite senior level for players 16 years and older. There was substantial variation within teams for all age and sex groups, with the widest range (1‐18 headers) observed for girls aged 19. Girls younger than 12 years had the lowest exposure, with an average of <2 players per team heading the ball, each with 1‐2 headers. In conclusion, age and sex influence head impact exposure in youth football, and warrants careful consideration when introducing injury prevention measures. Males are more frequently exposed than females, heading rates increase with age, and there is substantial variation between players. Heading is a rare event in the youngest age groups, especially among females.
Breath‐by‐breath oxygen uptake during running: Effects of different calculation algorithms
Authors: Koschate Jessica , Cettolo Valentina , Hoffmann Uwe , Francescato Maria Pia 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Breath‐by‐breath gas exchange analysis during treadmill exercise can be disturbed by different breathing patterns depending on cadence, and the flow sensor might be subjected to variable mechanical stress. It is still unclear whether the outcomes of the gas exchange algorithms can be affected by running at different speeds.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Practically, the three investigated breath‐by‐breath algorithms (‘Wessel’, ‘expiration‐only’ and ‘independent breath’) provided similar average gas exchange values for steady‐state conditions. The ‘independent breath’ algorithm showed the lowest breath‐by‐breath fluctuations in the gas exchange data compared with the other investigated algorithms, both at steady state and during incremental exercise.

AbstractRecently, a new breath‐by‐breath gas exchange calculation algorithm (called ‘independent breath’) was proposed. In the present work, we aimed to compare the breath‐by‐breath O2 uptake () values assessed in healthy subjects undergoing a running protocol, as calculated applying the ‘independent breath’ algorithm or two other commonly used algorithms. The traces of respiratory flow, O2 and CO2 fractions, used by the calculation algorithms, were acquired at the mouth on 17 volunteers at rest, during running on a treadmill at 6.5 and 9.5 km h−1, and thereafter up to volitional fatigue. Within‐subject averages and standard deviations of breath‐by‐breath were calculated for steady‐state conditions; the data of the incremental phase were analysed by means of linear regression, and their root mean square was assumed to be an index of the breath‐by‐breath fluctuations. The average values obtained with the different algorithms were significantly different (P < 0.001); nevertheless, from a practical point of view the difference could be considered ‘small’ in all the investigated conditions (effect size <0.3). The standard deviations were significantly lower for the ‘independent breath’ algorithm (post hoc contrasts, P < 0.001), and the slopes of the relationships with the corresponding data yielded by the other algorithms were <0.70. The root mean squares of the linear regressions calculated for the incremental phase were also significantly lower for the ‘independent breath’ algorithm, and the slopes of the regression lines with the corresponding values obtained with the other algorithms were <0.84. In conclusion, the ‘independent breath’ algorithm yielded the least breath‐by‐breath O2 uptake fluctuation, both during steady‐state exercise and during incremental running.