bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior gluteal vein syndrome: an intrapelvic cause of sciatica
Authors: Lemos Nucelio , Cancelliere Laura , Li Adrienne L K , Moretti Marques Renato , Fernandes Gustavo L , Sermer Corey , Kumar Kinshuk , Sebastião Afonso Jose , Girão Manoel J B C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The role of malformed or dilated branches of iliac vessels in causing pelvic pain is not well understood. Such vessels may entrap nerves of the lumbosacral (LS) plexus against the pelvic sidewalls, producing symptoms not typically encountered in gynecological practice, including sciatica and refractory urinary and/or anorectal dysfunction. We describe cases of sciatica in which laparoscopy revealed compression of the LS plexus by variant superior gluteal veins (SGVs). In demonstrating an improvement in patient symptoms after decompression, we identify this neurovascular conflict as a potential intrapelvic cause of sciatica. This study is a retrospective case series (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). Nerve decompression laparoscopies were performed in São Paulo, Brazil. Thirteen female patients undergoing laparoscopy for sciatica with no clear spinal or musculoskeletal causes were included in this study. In all cases, we identified LS entrapment by aberrant SGVs, and performed decompression by vessel ligation. The average preoperative visual analog scale score of 9.62 ± 0.77 decreased significantly to 2.54 ± 2.88 post-operatively (P < 0.001). The success rate (defined as ≥ 50% improvement in visual analog scale score) was 92.3%, over a follow-up of 13.2 ± 10.6 months. Our case series demonstrates a high success rate and significant decrease in pain scores after laparoscopic intrapelvic decompression, thereby identifying pelvic nerve entrapment by aberrant SGVs as a potential yet previously unrecognized cause of sciatica. This intrapelvic neurovascular conflict—the SGV syndrome—should be considered in cases of sciatica with no identifiable spinal or musculoskeletal etiology.
The Crimes Against Humanity Convention, (Overlooked) African Lessons, and the Delicate Dance of Immunity
Authors: Plessis Max du 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In a foreword to a special issue of this Journal on the proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention (CAHC), important questions were raised, including whether such a convention is truly needed, whether such a convention is politically feasible and whether any provisions in the draft articles should be modified. In this piece, the author considers the questions raised, and poses answers from an African and realist perspective, having litigated some of the international criminal justice cases before South African courts. The author contends that the drafters of the Convention would do well to take meaningful account of the domestication of international criminal justice, and the lessons to be learned from national systems that have found themselves at the forefront of the very debates that have animated the drafters of the CAHC, and the Rome Statute before it. If those lessons are to be taken seriously — including the lessons generated by African states and their courts — then the draft Convention might well be improved and some of its most animating provisions sharpened.
Sunyaev–Zel’dovich profile fitting with joint AMI-Planck analysis
Authors: Perrott Yvette C , Javid Kamran , Carvalho Pedro , Elwood Patrick J , Hobson Michael P , Lasenby Anthony N , Olamaie Malak , Saunders Richard D E 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We develop a Bayesian method of analysing Sunyaev–Zel’dovich measurements of galaxy clusters obtained from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) radio interferometer system and from the Planck satellite, using a joint likelihood function for the data from both instruments. Our method is applicable to any combination of Planck data with interferometric data from one or more arrays. We apply the analysis to simulated clusters and find that when the cluster pressure profile is known a priori, the joint data set provides precise and accurate constraints on the cluster parameters, removing the need for external information to reduce the parameter degeneracy. When the pressure profile deviates from that assumed for the fit, the constraints become biased. Allowing the pressure profile shape parameters to vary in the analysis allows an unbiased recovery of the integrated cluster signal and produces constraints on some shape parameters, depending on the angular size of the cluster. When applied to real data from Planck-detected cluster PSZ2 G063.80+11.42, our method resolves the discrepancy between the AMI and Planck Y-estimates and usefully constrains the gas pressure profile shape parameters at intermediate and large radii.
The MASSIVE survey – XI. What drives the molecular gas properties of early-type galaxies
Authors: Davis Timothy A , Greene Jenny E , Ma Chung-Pei , Blakeslee John P , Dawson James M , Pandya Viraj , Veale Melanie , Zabel Nikki 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we study the molecular gas content of a representative sample of 67 of the most massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the local universe, drawn uniformly from the MASSIVE survey. We present new Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope observations of 30 of these galaxies, allowing us to probe the molecular gas content of the entire sample to a fixed molecular-to-stellar mass fraction of 0.1 per cent. The total detection rate in this representative sample is 25$^{+5.9}_{-4.4}$ per cent, and by combining the MASSIVE and atlas3D molecular gas surveys, we find a joint detection rate of 22.4$^{+2.4}_{-2.1}$ per cent. This detection rate seems to be independent of galaxy mass, size, position on the Fundamental Plane, and local environment. We show here for the first time that true slow rotators can host molecular gas reservoirs, but the rate at which they do so is significantly lower than for fast rotators. Objects with a higher velocity dispersion at fixed mass (a higher kinematic bulge fraction) are less likely to have detectable molecular gas, and where gas does exist, have lower molecular gas fractions. In addition, satellite galaxies in dense environments have ≈0.6 dex lower molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratios than isolated objects. In order to interpret these results, we created a toy model, which we use to constrain the origin of the gas in these systems. We are able to derive an independent estimate of the gas-rich merger rate in the low-redshift universe. These gas-rich mergers appear to dominate the supply of gas to ETGs, but stellar mass loss, hot halo cooling, and transformation of spiral galaxies also play a secondary role.
OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW) version 1.3.1: expanded toolkit for the graphical visualization of organellar genomes
Authors: Greiner Stephan , Lehwark Pascal , Bock Ralph 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes play an important role in resolving phylogenetic relationships, and next-generation sequencing technologies have led to a burst in their availability. The ongoing massive sequencing efforts require software tools for routine assembly and annotation of organellar genomes as well as their display as physical maps. OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW) has become the standard tool to draw graphical maps of plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Here, we present a new version of OGDRAW equipped with a new front end. Besides several new features, OGDRAW now has access to a local copy of the organelle genome database of the NCBI RefSeq project. Together with batch processing of (multi-)GenBank files, this enables the user to easily visualize large sets of organellar genomes spanning entire taxonomic clades. The new OGDRAW server can be accessed at https://chlorobox.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/OGDraw.html.
Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v4: recent updates and new developments
Authors: Letunic Ivica , Bork Peer 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Interactive Tree Of Life (https://itol.embl.de) is an online tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. The current version introduces four new dataset types, together with numerous new features. Annotation options have been expanded and new control options added for many display elements. An interactive spreadsheet-like editor has been implemented, providing dataset creation and editing directly in the web interface. Font support has been rewritten with full support for UTF-8 character encoding throughout the user interface. Google Web Fonts are now fully supported in the tree text labels. iTOL v4 is the first tool which supports direct visualization of Qiime 2 trees and associated annotations. The user account system has been streamlined and expanded with new navigation options, and currently handles >700 000 trees from more than 40 000 individual users. Full batch access has been implemented allowing programmatic upload and export of trees and annotations.
The association between renal resistive index and premature mortality after kidney transplantation is modified by pre-transplant diabetes status: a cohort study
Authors: de Freminville Jean-Baptiste , Vernier Louis-Marie , Roumy Jérome , Patat Frédéric , Gatault Philippe , Sautenet Bénédicte , Bailly Elodie , Chevallier Eloi , Barbet Christelle , Longuet Hélène , Merieau Elodie , Baron Christophe , Buchler Matthias , Halimi Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Renal resistive index (RI) predicts mortality in renal transplant recipients, but we do not know whether this is true in diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to analyse the long-term predictive value of RI for death with a functioning graft (DWFG) in renal transplant recipients with or without pre-transplant diabetes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study in 1800 renal transplant recipients between 1985 and 2017 who were followed for up to 30 years (total observation period: 14 202 patient years). Donor and recipient characteristics at time of transplantation and at 3 months were reviewed. The long-term predictive value of RI for DWFG and the age–RI and arterial pressure–RI relationships were assessed.

Results
A total of 284/1800 (15.7%) patients had diabetes mellitus before transplantation. RI was &lt;0.75 in 1327/1800 patients (73.7%). High RI was associated with a higher risk of DWFG in non-diabetic patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.39, 95% confidence interval 2.50–4.61; P &lt; 0.001], but not in patients with pre-transplant diabetes (HR = 1.25, 0.70–2.19; P = 0.39), even after multiple adjustments. There was no interaction between diabetes and age. In contrast, there was an interaction between RI and pulse pressure.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that RI is not a predictor of DWFG in diabetic renal transplant recipients, in contrast to non-diabetic recipients. These findings could be due to a different age–RI or pulse pressure–RI relationship.
Ground-based Paα narrow-band imaging of local luminous infrared galaxies. II. Bulge structure and star formation activity
Authors: Tateuchi Ken , Motohara Kentaro , Konishi Masahiro , Takahashi Hidenori , Kitagawa Yutaro , Kato Natsuko , Todo Soya , Komugi Shinya , Ohsawa Ryou , Doi Mamoru , Yoshii Yuzuru 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present properties of two types of bulges (classical and pseudobulges) in 20 luminous infrared galaxies observed in the near infrared of the H, Ks, and 1.91$\mu$m narrow-band targeting of the hydrogen Paα emission line by the University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory 1 m telescope. To classify the two types of bulges, we first perform a two-dimensional bulge–disk decomposition analysis in the Ks-band images. The result shows a tentative bimodal distribution of Sérsic indices with a separation at log (nb) ≈ 0.5, which is consistent with that of classical and normal galaxies. We next measure the extents of the distributions of star-forming regions in Paα emission line images, normalized by the size of the bulges, and find that they decrease with increasing Sérsic indices. These results suggest that star-forming galaxies with classical bulges have compact star-forming regions concentrated within the bulges, while those with pseudobulges have extended star-forming regions beyond the bulges, suggesting that there are different formation scenarios at work in classical and pseudobulges.
Lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement following a diagnosis of RA: findings from a cohort of 13 961 patients from England
Authors: Burn Edward , Edwards Christopher J , Murray David W , Silman Alan , Cooper Cyrus , Arden Nigel K , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement following a diagnosis of RA.

Methods
The analysis was undertaken using routinely collected data from the English NHS. Diagnosis of RA was identified using primary care records, with knee and hip replacement observed in linked hospital records. Parametric survival models were fitted for up to 15 years of follow-up, with age, sex, Charlson comorbidity score, socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking status included as explanatory variables. A decision model was used to combine and extrapolate survival models to estimate lifetime risk.

Results
The number of individuals with a diagnosis of RA and included in the study was 13 961. Lifetime risk of knee replacement and hip replacement was estimated to be 22% (95% CI: 16, 29%) and 17% (95% CI: 11, 26%) following a diagnosis of RA for the average patient profile (non-smoking women aged 64 with no other comorbidities, BMI of 27 and in the top socioeconomic quintile). Risks were higher for younger patients.

Conclusion
The lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement for individuals with a diagnosis of RA is approximately double that of the general population. These findings allow for a better understanding of long-term prognosis and healthcare resource use, and highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
“Learning the Lingo”: A Grounded Theory Study of Telephone Talk in Clinical Education
Authors: Eppich Walter J. , Dornan Tim , Rethans Jan-Joost , Teunissen Pim W. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Workplace-learning literature has focused on doing, but clinical practice also involves talking. Clinicians talk not only with patients but also about patients with other health professionals, frequently by telephone. The authors examined how the underexplored activity of work-related telephone talk influences physicians’ clinical education.

Method
Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, the authors conducted 17 semistructured interviews with physicians-in-training from various specialties and training levels from two U.S. academic health centers between 2015 and 2017. They collected and analyzed data iteratively using constant comparison to identify themes and explore their relationships. They used theoretical sampling in later stages until sufficiency was achieved.

Results
Residents and fellows reported speaking via telephone regularly to facilitate patient care and needing to tailor their talk to the goal(s) of the conversation and their conversation partners. Three common conversational situations highlighted the interplay of patient care context and conversation and created productive conversational tensions that influenced learning positively: experiencing and dealing with (1) power differentials, (2) pushback, and (3) uncertainty.

Conclusions
Telephone talk contributes to postgraduate clinical education. Through telephone talk, physicians-in-training learn how to talk; they also learn through talk that is mediated by productive conversational tensions. These tensions motivate them to modify their behavior to minimize future tensions. When physicians-in-training improve how they talk, they become better advocates for their patients and more effective at promoting patient care. Preparing residents to deal with power differentials, pushback, and uncertainty in telephone talk could support their learning from this ubiquitous workplace activity.
Risk of Invasive Anal Cancer in HIV-Infected Patients With High-Grade Anal Dysplasia: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Arens Yotam , Gaisa Michael , Goldstone Stephen E. , Liu Yuxin , Wisnivesky Juan , Sigel Carlie S. , Swartz Talia H. , Sigel Keith 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
The progression rate and predictors of anal dysplastic lesions to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus remain unclear. Characterizing these parameters may help refine anal cancer screening guidelines.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the rate of progression of high-grade anal dysplasia to invasive carcinoma in HIV-infected persons.

DESIGN:
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database linked to Medicare claims from 2000 to 2011, we identified HIV-infected subjects with incident anal intraepithelial neoplasia III. To estimate the rate of progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia III to invasive cancer, we calculated the cumulative incidence of anal cancer in this cohort. We then fitted Poisson models to evaluate the potential risk factors for incident anal cancer.

SETTINGS:
This is a population-based study.

PATIENTS:
Included were 592 HIV-infected subjects with incident anal intraepithelial neoplasia III.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was incident squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

RESULTS:
Study subjects were largely male (95%) with a median age of 45.7 years. Within the median follow-up period of 69 months, 33 subjects progressed to anal cancer. The incidence of anal cancer was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.7%–2.5%) and 5.7% (95% CI, 4.0%–8.1%) at 1 and 5 years, following a diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia III. Risk of progression did not differ by anal intraepithelial neoplasia III treatment status. On unadjusted analysis, black race (p = 0.02) and a history of anogenital condylomata (p = 0.03) were associated with an increased risk of anal cancer incidence, whereas prior anal cytology screening was associated with a decreased risk (p = 0.04).

LIMITATIONS:
The identification of some incident cancer episodes used surrogate measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our population-based cohort of HIV-infected subjects with long-term follow-up, the risk of progression from anal intraepithelial neoplasia III to anal squamous cell carcinoma was higher than reported in other studies and was not associated with the receipt of anal intraepithelial neoplasia III treatment. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A933.
Defining Fistular Patterns in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Impact on the Management
Authors: Martorell Antonio , Giovanardi Giulia , Gomez-Palencia Pilar , Sanz-Motilva Virginia 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest that there are different fistular subtypes in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients who are associated with variable therapeutic outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical and ultrasound features that characterize the different fistular patterns in HS and to evaluate the response to medical therapies.

METHODS
A retrospective study developed by a well-recognized center specialized in HS analyzing both clinical and ultrasound (US) aspects of fistular structures in HS patients was performed. Medical therapy response was evaluated through follow-up visits at Week 24.

RESULTS
A total of 117 fistulas detected in the skin of 40 patients were evaluated. Four different types of fistulas were described: dermal fistula (Type A), dermoepidermal fistula (Type B), complex fistula (Type C), and subcutaneous fistula (Type D). Fistulas Type A and B showed a complete resolution after 6 months of different medical therapies in up to 95% and 65% of cases, respectively. Contrary to this, fistulas Type C and D showed no significant response after a medical intervention.

CONCLUSION
The US evaluation seems to play an important role to define these important structures that will help the clinician in elaborating a personalized combined medical and surgical management of the HS patient.
New Technologies in Rhinoplasty: A Comprehensive Workflow for Computer-assisted Planning and Execution
Authors: Willaert Robin V. , Opdenakker Yasmin , Sun Yi , Politis Constantinus , Vermeersch Hubert 
Published: March 2019

Summary:
Rhinoplasty in facial cleft patients is among the most challenging types of reconstructive facial surgery due to its variability. Advances in 3-dimensional imaging enable improved preoperative assessment in rhinoplasty. In complex cases with bony support irregularities and asymmetry, it is rational to initiate planning with reconstruction of the aberrant substructure (ie, “bottom-up” planning) rather than starting the surgical design with soft-tissue morphing.
We present a new comprehensive workflow in which novel advanced technologies are implemented to perform “bottom-up” computer-assisted planning and execution in complex rhinoplasty cases. This workflow enables meticulous planning, use of grafting templates, and 3-dimensional–guided osteotomies with integration of piezotome and intraoperative navigation.
Previous reports separately discuss some of these innovations. However, greater benefit lies in the combination of these techniques, with emphasis on preoperative computer analysis, virtual planning, and transfer to the operation theater.
Surgeons are seeking new ways to enhance minimally invasive approaches and to obtain predictable and favorable clinical results. The presently introduced workflow allows clinicians to plan complex cases in a simple, effective, and safe manner, with the combination of different techniques to produce consistent results.
Spreader Graft Easy and Stable Fixation
Authors: Durán-Vega Héctor César , Regalado-Briz Arturo 
Published: March 2019

Summary:
The original spreader graft described by Sheen was dissecting a sub perichondrial flap along the anterior edge of the septum and inserting the grafts in place and occasionally, fixing them with a mattress suture. Although it has been done usually with mattress suture, it has some disadvantages as the instability of the graft while it is being fixated and others. We present a different fixation method with a simple running suture instead.
Intramasseteric Schwannoma Derived from the Masseteric Nerve
Authors: Matsumine Hajime , Sasaki Ryo , Fujii Kaori , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

Summary:
This report documents the intramasseteric onset of a schwannoma of the masseteric nerve, which is extremely rare. The patient was a 24-year-old woman who noticed an asymptomatic mass in the parotidomasseteric region 1 year before; a soft painless mass located near the angle of the left mandible was observed during the initial examination. No neuropathy, including sensory deficit, facial nerve paralysis, or trismus, was observed. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated neoplastic lesion within the body of the masseter muscle; the lesion exhibited low-signal intensity on coronal T1-weighted imaging and high-signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging with somewhat heterogeneous early uptake of contrast medium. The tumor was resected under general anesthesia and was found to be solid with distinct margins, enclosed within the masseter muscle, and continuous with a branch of the masseter nerve identified using intraoperative electrical stimulation. The lesion was a pale yellow solid mass encapsulated in a smooth membrane measuring 3.2 × 1.7 × 1.6 cm. Histopathological examination revealed a mixture comprising Antoni A pattern with Verocay bodies surrounded by oval nuclei exhibiting nuclear palisading, and an Antoni B pattern with loss of the characteristic cellular arrangement and separation of the cells, creating a more distinct individual tumor cell morphology. The final histopathological diagnosis was schwannoma. No complications, such as trismus or facial nerve paralysis, and no tumor recurrence were observed in the 1 year that has elapsed postoperatively.