bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient computational models for shallow water flows over multilayer erodible beds
Authors: Rowan Thomas , Seaid Mohammed 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new numerical model for shallow water flows over heterogeneous sedimentary layers. It is already several years since the single-layered models have been used to model shallow water flows over erodible beds. Although such models present a real opportunity for shallow water flows over movable beds, this paper is the first to propose a multilayered solver for this class of flow problems.

Design/methodology/approach
Multilayered beds formed with different erodible soils are considered in this study. The governing equations consist of the well-established shallow water equations for the flow, a transport equation for the suspended sediments, an Exner-type equation for the bed load and a set of empirical equations for erosion and deposition terms. For the numerical solution of the coupled system, the authors consider a non-homogeneous Riemann solver equipped with interface-tracking tools to resolve discontinuous soil properties in the multilayered bed. The solver consists of a predictor stage for the discretization of gradient terms and a corrector stage for the treatment of source terms.

Findings
This paper reveals that modeling shallow water flows over multilayered sedimentary topography can be achieved by using a coupled system of partial differential equations governing sediment transport. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed numerical model preserves the conservation property, and it provides accurate results, avoiding numerical oscillations and numerical dissipation in the approximated solutions.

Originality/value
A novel implementation of sediment handling is presented where both averaged and separate values for sediment species are used to ensure speed and precision in the simulations.
Innovation in health-care companies: a strategy to increase customer service productivity
Authors: Miraldo Claudio , Monken Sonia Francisca , Motta Lara , Ribeiro Ana Freitas 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To promote access to their services, health-care companies provide various communication channels to their customers (beneficiaries) to enable the receipt of requests, such as authorization for examinations, procedures and hospitalizations. Under the approach of innovation studies, the management of customer relationship channels for health-care companies is characterized as a knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS). The purpose of this study is presenting innovation as a strategy to increase customer service productivity, as well as the monitoring of the quality of the service, the generation of health information for beneficiaries and compliance with the regulation set by the Brazilian National Health Agency (ANS).

Design/methodology/approach
The study is characterized as an applied research, as it proposes solutions to problems faced by supplemental health-care companies using the strategy of action research, i.e. an independent, social research with an empirical basis.

Findings
The result of this study shows that a computerized health-care system can increase productivity by 21.96%, and it presents an innovative solution for health-care companies to guarantee the process of meeting the demands and requests of their beneficiaries, ensuring the compliance with ANS regulations.

Practical implications
These results can be replicated to other healthcare companies and contribute to those seeking innovation, increased productivity and quality improvements in their services.

Originality/value
This work was also motivated by the lack of lstudies in the areas of health-care companies in Brazil.
The quest for affordable owner-occupied housing in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Carolin E. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Even though housing prices in Germany are low by international standards, housing in urban areas has become less affordable. Since 2018, certain families aspiring to become homeowners may apply for a capital subsidy (Baukindergeld) that contributes to their down-payment. This paper analyzes whether this subsidy is an appropriate policy instrument to achieve the desired goals.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents an equilibrium model with two types of households (low- and high-income) and two types of houses (low- and high-quality) to examine equilibrium prices before and after the introduction of a subsidy.

Findings
This subsidy not only makes owning less affordable for the lower-income household but also increases the prices of more expensive houses that are not within reach of lower-income households.

Research limitations/implications
Because this policy has just come into effect in 2018 and no data are available yet, the implications of the model are yet to be tested.

Practical implications
The implications of the subsidy run counter to its intentions as house prices will rise even further. Other policies or fewer regulations for new construction may be more effective.

Social implications
An instrument aiming to relieve financially weaker families, this subsidy will increase prices for all house types, assuming continuing supply shortages observed in the German urban housing markets.

Originality/value
This is the first paper on Germany’s new homeownership subsidy. The model is general enough to be used with any explicit demand and supply functions and is thus applicable to other markets with low supply elasticities.
If numbers could “feel”: How well do executives trust their intuition?
Authors: Liebowitz Jay , Chan Yolande , Jenkin Tracy , Spicker Dylan , Paliszkiewicz Joanna , Babiloni Fabio 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
In the business and data analytics community, intuition has not been discussed widely in terms of its application to executive decision-making. However, the purpose of this paper is to focus on new global research that combines intuition, trust and analytics in terms of how well C-level executives trust their intuition.

Design/methodology/approach
Our Fulbright research, as described in this paper and performed by colleagues from the United States, Canada, Poland and Italy, examines executives’ as well as other less experienced employees’ preferences for different types of intuition versus data analysis. This study set out to better understand the degree to which executives prefer intuition versus analysis and the relationship between these approaches to decision-making. Our research combines elements of a review, a cross-cultural/cross-company survey study and a biometrics study in interoception. The research team has a multidisciplinary background in business, information technology, strategy, trust management, statistics and neuroscience.

Findings
Based on our research, the main findings are as follows. The use of and preference for intuition types change as employees gain more experience. However, there may be intuition styles that are more static and trait-like, which are linked to roles, differentiating managers from leaders. Using “inferential intuition” and “seeing the big picture” go hand in hand. Listening to your body signals can promote improved intuition. Cross-cultural differences may impact executive decision-making. Executives often prefer to use their intuition over analysis/analytics.

Research limitations/implications
This research could be expanded to have a larger sample size of C-level executives. We had 172 responses with 65% C-level executives and 12% directors. However, a recent survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit on intuition used by executives had a sample of 174 executives around the world, which is comparable with our sample size.

Practical implications
From our research, executives should continue to apply their experiential learning through intuition to complement their use of data in making strategic decisions. We have often discounted the use of intuition in executive decision-making, but our research highlights the importance of making it a critical part of the executive decision-making process.

Originality/value
Based on the results of our survey and biometrics research, executives apply their intuition to gain greater confidence in their decision-making. Listening to their body signals can also improve their intuitive executive awareness. This complements their use of data and analytics when making executive decisions.
TERAD: Extraction of transposable element composition from RADseq data
Authors: Chak Solomon T. C. , Rubenstein Dustin R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) – selfish DNA sequences that can move within the genome – comprise a large proportion of the genomes of many organisms. Although low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing can be used to survey TE composition, it is noneconomical for species with large quantities of DNA. Here, we utilize restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) as an alternative method to survey TE composition. First, we demonstrate in silico that double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) markers contain the same TE compositions as whole genome assemblies across arthropods. Next, we show empirically using eight Synalpheus snapping shrimp species with large genomes that TE compositions from ddRADseq and low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing are comparable within and across species. Finally, we develop a new bioinformatic pipeline, TERAD, to extract TE compositions from RADseq data. Our study expands the utility of RADseq to study the repeatome, making comparative studies of genome structure for species with large genomes more tractable and affordable.
Changing trends in surgical management of renal tumours from 2000 to 2016: a nationwide study of Medicare claims data
Authors: Ali Stephen , Ahn Thomas , Papa Nathan , Perera Marlon , Teloken Patrick , Coughlin Geoffrey , Wood Simon T. , Roberts Matthew J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend nephron sparing surgery where possible for patients with T1 renal tumours. The trends of nephron sparing surgery outside the USA are limited, particularly since the introduction of robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). The aim of this study was to describe contemporary surgical management patterns of renal tumours in Australia according to Medicare claims data.MethodsClaims data according to the Medicare Benefits Schedule on surgical management of renal tumours in adult Australians between January 2000 and December 2016 was collated. Analysis of absolute number, population‐adjusted rate and renal cancer‐adjusted rate of interventions according to age and gender were performed, as well as proportion of RAPN.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2016, the rate of partial nephrectomy (PN) increased while radical nephrectomy (RN) remained stable (PN: 0.87–4.16, RN: 6.52–6.70 per 100 000 population). Since 2015, PN has become more common than RN in patients aged 25 to 44 years (0.98 versus 0.95 procedures per 100 000 population). Renal cancer‐adjusted rate exhibited a trend towards increasing utilization of PN and reduced RN across all age groups. An increase in overall surgical treatment was observed (25%–41%), mainly due to increased treatment of patients older than 75 years. The proportion of RAPN was seen to rapidly increase (4.7% in 2010 to 58% in 2016).ConclusionsTreatment utilization for renal masses has markedly changed in Australia according to Medicare claims. PN is increasingly replacing RN in younger patients, and older patients are receiving more surgical treatment. The impact of increased RAPN utilization is yet to be determined.
Father's and mother's beliefs about children's anxiety
Authors: Beato Ana , Barros Luísa , Pereira Ana Isabel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has focused on parenting styles and parental behaviors associated with children's anxiety. Parental beliefs about their child's anxiety have scarcely been studied, in spite of their probable influence in parents seeking help. The present study intended to fil that gap, by exploring what parents think about their children's anxiety and whether these cognitions are related or not to their use of professional help.MethodIn‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 48 parents (50% fathers) of children (9–12 years old) with anxiety problems. Theoretical thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts.ResultsThree dimensions were derived from the analysis, concerning (a) the causes of child's anxiety, (b) the impact of anxiety in the child's functioning, and (c) the evolution of anxiety. Most parents perceived the child's anxiety as a permanent condition, attributing it to external and parental factors and considering that the anxiety problems have a negative impact on the child's well‐being. Plus, parents who had previously sought professional help for the child's emotional problems tended to believe that anxiety could improve with child's or parents' efforts and with professional guidance, contrarily to those who had not. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.ConclusionThe present study highlighted important parental beliefs about their children's anxiety that might influence their attitudes and decisions (e.g., seek for professional help). Other parental cognitions should be investigated in order to understand parenting in the context of childhood anxiety.
Resources spent on dermatological emergency patients: A twelve‐month prospective data collection from Germany
Authors: Ansorge Claudia , Miocic Johannes M. , von Bubnoff Dagmar , Technau‐Hafsi Kristin 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesRising numbers of patients consulting emergency units are associated with an increased demand for material and personnel. In order to better quantify these resources, we performed an analysis of diagnostic procedures, treatment types, and the quantity and educational level of staff involved in emergency consultations.Patients and methodsThe study was conducted as a prospective single‐center survey over twelve months in the dermatology unit of a Germany university hospital. 3155 consultations were included by consecutive sampling.ResultsDiagnostic tests (e.g. microbiological swab, blood testing, punch biopsy) were performed in 29 % of all consultations. Physicians prescribed treatment in 70 % of cases, with steroids and antihistamines being the most frequent topical and systemic treatment, respectively. Each patient was seen by at least one physician and a nurse, and in 25 % of cases an additional physician was involved. Less than thirty minutes was required for the consultation in the vast majority of cases. On average, emergency consultations required two hours per day of the treating physician's time, not including the time of other involved staff such as nurses and laboratory technicians.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the extent of resources involved in the treatment of dermatological emergency consultations.
Quantification of IGF‐1 receptor is useful in the differential diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis from reactive thrombocytosis
Authors: Wang Jen C. , Shi Guanfang , Wong Ching , Gotlieb Vladimir , Ramachandran Preethi , Chen Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo make a definite diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis (ET) from reactive thrombocytosis (RT), the most reliable criteria are the presence of driver mutations, namely JAK2, CALR, or MPL gene mutations. In the absence of these driver mutations, so‐called triple‐negative ET, the differential diagnosis could be difficult. Although bone marrow biopsy could be helpful, it may be difficult in some cases, to do gene sequence analysis to identify other clonal marker gene mutations than the driver mutations, as only very few were found.MethodsIGF‐1R quantification by flow cytometry in mononuclear cells (MNC) from peripheral blood was performed in 33 patients with ET (untreated or off treatment with hydroxyurea), 28 patients with RT, and 16 normal volunteer controls.ResultsWe found IGF‐1R levels were significantly elevated in ET patients compared to RT patients or controls. A cutoff value of 253 was chosen from the logistic regression to predict each patient's group, a value ≥253 meant that a patient belonged to the ET group (sensitivity 96.4% and specificity 68.6%).ConclusionWe suggest that adding quantification of IGF‐1R in blood MNC by flow cytometry is useful in differentiating ET from RT.
L'effet de la polarisation du marché du travail sur les parcours d'insertion des diplômés de l'université en République de Corée: apports pour une analyse du chômage des jeunes
Authors: CHUNG Sungyup 
Published: September 2019

RésuméLes auteurs analysent l'incidence des caractéristiques du marché du travail sur les comportements d'activité des diplômés de l'université en République de Corée, exploitant des données d'enquête nationales relatives à la période 2005–2013. Ils estiment l'effet de variables macroéconomiques sur les parcours d'insertion, montrant que la polarisation du marché du travail, mesurée par l'indice de Chung et Jung (2016), a un effet significatif sur le chômage des diplômés, y compris sous ses formes masquées (par le report de la remise du diplôme ou une réinscription universitaire). L'analyse de la structure du marché du travail semble donc essentielle à une bonne compréhension du chômage des jeunes.
Quantitative evaluation of atrophic acne scars using 3D image analysis with reflected LED light
Authors: Tanizaki Hideaki , Tanioka Miki , Yamashita Yuki , Hayashi Nobukazu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMethods for objective evaluation of acne scars have not been established yet. In this study, the capability of three‐dimensional image analysis of acne scarring was examined.MethodsTwo dermatologists evaluated the severity and counted the number of atrophic acne scars in a defined evaluation area of each cheek (3.5 cm × 3.5 cm) of 22 subjects (age, 21‐38 years). Images of the evaluation area were obtained with an Antera 3D® (Miravex Limited, Ireland) camera three times, and three parameters (affected area, volume, and max depth) were measured. Three different filters (small, medium, and large), which limit measurement targets based on the diameters of concavities, were used for measurement. The relationships between each parameter and the evaluation results of scars by dermatologists were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficients.ResultsThe correlations between the evaluation results of scars by dermatologists and each parameter measured were the highest when the large filter was used. The correlation coefficients between the severity of scars by dermatologists and each of affected area, volume, and max depth were 0.736, 0.728, and 0.722, respectively, and those between scar counts and each of affected area and volume were 0.783 and 0.770, respectively. The correlations, scatter plots, and regression lines among three measurements of parameters suggested high repeatability.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional image analysis has the capability to evaluate changes in the shape of scars before and after treatment quantitatively.
The molecular phylogenetics ofTrachymyrmexForel ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and coevolutionary history of ‘higher‐attine’ ant agriculture
Authors: Solomon Scott E. , Rabeling Christian , Sosa‐Calvo Jeffrey , Lopes Cauê T. , Rodrigues André , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Bacci Maurício , Mueller Ulrich G. , Schultz Ted R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fungus‐growing ants and their fungal cultivars constitute a classic example of a mutualism that has led to complex coevolutionary dynamics spanningc. 55–65 Ma. Of the five agricultural systems practised by fungus‐growing ants, higher‐attine agriculture, of which leaf‐cutter agriculture is a derived subset, remains poorly understood despite its relevance to ecosystem function and human agriculture across the Neotropics and parts of North America. Among the ants practising higher‐attine agriculture, the genusTrachymyrmexForel, as currently defined, shares most‐recent common ancestors with both the leaf‐cutter ants and the higher‐attine generaSericomyrmexMayr andXerolitorSosa‐Calvoet al. Although previous molecular‐phylogenetic studies have suggested thatTrachymyrmexis a paraphyletic grade, until now insufficient taxon sampling has prevented a full investigation of the evolutionary history of this group and limited the possibility of resolving its taxonomy. Here we describe the results of phylogenetic analyses of 38Trachymyrmexspecies, including 27 of the 49 described species and at least 11 new species, using four nuclear markers, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the fungi cultivated by 23 species ofTrachymyrmexusing two markers. We generated new genetic data for 112 ants (402 new gene sequences) and 95 fungi (153 new gene sequences). Our results corroborate previous findings thatTrachymyrmex, as currently defined, is paraphyletic. We propose recognizing two new genera,Mycetomoelleriusgen.n.andParatrachymyrmexgen.n., and restricting the continued use ofTrachymyrmexto the clade of nine largely North American species that contains the type species [Trachymyrmex septentrionalis(McCook)] and that is the sister group of the leaf‐cutting ants. Our fungal cultivar phylogeny generally corroborates previously observed broad patterns of ant–fungus association, but it also reveals further violations of those patterns. Higher‐attine fungi are divided into two groups: (i) the single speciesLeucoagaricus gongylophorus(Möller); and (ii) its sister clade, consisting of multiple species, recently referred to asLeucoagaricusSinger ‘clade B’. Our phylogeny indicates that, although most non‐leaf‐cutting higher‐attine ants typically cultivate species in clade B, some species cultivateL. gongylophorus, whereas still others cultivate fungi typically associated with lower‐attine agriculture. This indicates that the attine agricultural systems, which are currently defined by associations between ants and fungi, are not entirely congruent with ant and fungal phylogenies. They may, however, be correlated with as yet poorly understood biological traits of the ants and/or of their microbiomes.
Changes in intraocular pressure during reading or writing on smartphones in patients with normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Ha Ahnul , Kim Young Kook , Kim Jin-Soo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: September 2019

Background/aimsTo investigate (1) the effect of reading or writing on a smartphone in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) change in eyes with glaucoma, and (2) to determine whether previous glaucoma filtering surgery can affect IOP fluctuation during such work.MethodsForty eyes of 40 medically well IOP-controlled normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients and 38 eyes of 38 NTG patients who had undergone successful trabeculectomy (TLE) were enrolled. The participants were instructed to read a sample text and to then type it on a smartphone under low-light [100 lux] conditions. Three IOP measurements were obtained: baseline; during smartphone work (5, 15 and 25 min); post-work (5 and 15 min).ResultsBaseline IOP did not significantly differ between the two groups (medication group: 13.9±1.6 mm Hg; TLE group: 13.6±1.7 mm Hg; p=0.426). After 5 min of smartphone work, the medication group showed significantly elevated mean IOP (15.5±1.8 mm Hg;+11.5%; p<0.001), along with further increases over the course of 25 min (17.5±2.2 mm Hg;+25.9%; p<0.001). 5 min after halting work, IOP dropped below the baseline (13.1±1.7 mm Hg; p<0.001). For the TLE group, IOP also was elevated after 5 min (14.9±1.7 mm Hg;+9.4%; p<0.001); however, it did not show further increase over the course of 25 min of work (15.0±1.6 mm Hg;+10.3%). At 5 min after cessation of work, IOP had restored to the pre-work level (14.0±1.9 mm Hg;+2.8%; p=0.053).ConclusionWorking on a smartphone under low-light condition can incur IOP elevation in treated NTG patients. However, among the participants in this study, IOP fluctuation was much smaller in those who had undergone TLE.