bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uma proposta de interatividade hands-on para MCTs a partir de um equipamento automatizado
Authors: Silva Osmar Henrique Moura , Laburú Carlos Eduardo , Bruns Zimer Tania Teresinha 
Published: August 2019

Resumo: A extinta FUNBEC (Fundação Brasileira para o Ensino de Ciências) comercializava kits educacionais dentre os quais havia um aparelho simples e proveitoso ao estudo qualitativo do modelo cinético dos gases. Visando auxiliar o professor com instigante atividade experimental no assunto, o aparelho constitui-se numa versão cuja demonstração exige o envolvimento de um agente comprometido em realizá-la (educador/estagiário), no sentido de adequar-se a alguém que se habilite em apresentá-la a outrem ao discutir os conceitos envolvidos. Diferenciando-se do ensino tradicional numa concepção de aprendizagem por livre escolha, o presente trabalho estabelece uma reflexão acerca da proposta das interatividades push-button/hand-on para MCTs, e similares, a partir do desenvolvimento de um equipamento automatizado da versão acima comentada. Espera-se assim também contribuir com uma alternativa tecnologia educacional que venha interessar àqueles profissionais atuantes em pequenos e médios Museus e Centros de Ciência, estando em fase inicial de elaboração ou não, e que perseguem a meta de continuamente aprimorarem e ampliarem seus acervos de equipamentos interativos numa perspectiva de entretenimento e simulações.Palavras-chave: interatividades push-button/hands-on. Proposta de montagem. Experimento interativo. Modelo cinético dos gases. Museu de ciências. A HANDS-ON INTERACTIVITY PROPOSAL FOR MSTs FROM AUTOMATED EQUIPMENTAbstract: The extinct FUNBEC (Brazilian Foundation for the Teaching of Sciences) commercialized educational kits among which there was a simple and useful apparatus to the qualitative study of the kinetic model of gases. Aiming to assist the teacher with exciting experimental activity in the subject, the device is a version whose demonstration requires the involvement of an agent committed to perform it (educator / trainee), in the sense of being suitable to someone who qualifies in presentation when discussing the involved concepts. Different from traditional teaching, a conception of learning by free choice, the present work establishes a reflection about the proposal of the push-button/hand-on interactivities for MSTs, and the like, from the development of an automated equipment of the version mentioned above. It is hoped to contribute with an alternative educational technology that will interest those professionals working in small and medium Museums and Science Centers being in the initial stage of elaboration or not, and who pursue the goal of continuously improving and expanding their collections of interactive equipment in a perspective of entertainment and simulations.Keywords: Push-button/hands-on interactivities. Assembly proposal. Interactive experiment. Kinetic model of gases. Museum of science.
A mobilização social e resposta comunitária LGBT à AIDS – itinerários reflexivos
Authors: Caetano Marcio Rodrigo Vale , Rodrigues Alexsandro , Silva Cláudio Nascimento 
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O artigo se propõe a analisar, panoramicamente, as redes de solidariedade e a emergência de grupos e organizações não-governamentais de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT) a partir das lutas comunitárias em resposta à epidemia de HIV/AIDS nas décadas de 1980 e 90. Para tanto, buscamos inspiração no estilo ensaístico com vistas a estimular o debate. Todas as considerações permitem reafirmar o ensaio como uma dissertação pouco extensa, na qual o/a autor/a constrói o seu objeto através de um encadeamento de raciocínios lógicos e fundamentados que estruturam sua argumentação. Ancorados nesta ideia, entendemos que, se por um lado as primeiras pessoas identificadas com HIV eram homens gays, reforçando o estigma sobre a população, por outro, as respostas comunitárias dadas à epidemia e os rumos do movimento LGBT foram responsáveis por levar à tona o debate sobre as homossexualidades e outros modos dissidentes de viver a heterossexualidade e a(s) masculinidade(s). Consideramos que a sociedade civil representou um importante ator no enfrentamento à epidemia auxiliando a construção de políticas públicas.Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS. LGBT. Movimento Social. Resposta Comunitária. LA MOVILIZACIÓN SOCIAL Y RESPUESTA COMUNITARIA LGBT AL SIDA - ITINERARIOS REFLEXIVOS Resumen: El artículo se propone de forma más abrangente las redes de solidaridad y la emergencia de grupos y organizaciones no gubernamentales de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestis y transexuales (LGBT) a partir de las luchas comunitarias en respuesta a la epidemia de VIH/Sida en las décadas de 1980 y 90. Para tanto, buscamos inspiración en el estilo ensayístico con el fin de estimular el debate. Todas las consideraciones permiten reafirmar el ensayo como una disertación poco extensa, en la cual el/la autor/a construye su objeto a través de un encadenamiento de razonamientos lógicos y fundamentados que estructuran su argumentación. Anclados en essa idea, entendemos que, si por un lado las primeras personas identificadas con VIH eran hombres gays, reforzando el estigma sobre la población; por otra, las respuestas comunitarias a la epidemia y los rumbos del movimiento LGBT fueron responsables por llevar a la luz el debate sobre las homosexualidades y otros modos disidentes de vivir la heterosexualidad y la(s) masculinidad(es). Consideramos que la sociedad civil fué un importante actor en el enfrentamiento de la epidemia ayudando a la construcción de políticas públicas.Palabras clave: VIH / SIDA. LGBT. Movimiento Social. Respuesta comunitaria.
Genetic Variability and Inter-relatedness of Agronomic Traits of Single Cross Hybrid Maize in Contrasting Soil Nitrogen-nutritional Conditions
Authors: Ogunniyan Dotun Joseph , O. Olakojo Samuel , K. Ojo David 
Published: August 2019

Background: Lowering the nitrogen demand is the most cost effective and sustainable option to increase grain yield of maize in poor fertility soil.
Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the variability and inter-traits’ association of white and yellow hybrid maize in soil nitrogen-nutritional stress and optimal conditions.
Materials and Methods: 150 white and 66 yellow single cross hybrid maize were evaluated in contrasting soil (stress and optimal) N conditions in Ibadan in 2014 and 2015. The trial for the white maize was laid out in 19 × 8 lattice design while the yellow maize was experimented in randomized complete block design. Each trial was replicated three times. Data were collected on days to anthesis (DTA), days to silking (DTS), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), anthesis-silking-interval (ASI) and grain yield (GY) were estimated while leaf senescence (LS), plant aspect (PASP) and ear aspect (EASP) were scored. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance while variances and broad sense heritability were calculated and rated.
Results: Greater variability existed among white maize than the yellow maize for the traits. Inheritance of the traits can be predicted in optimal N than stress condition. Additive genes action was responsible for inheritance of DTA and DTS while both additive and non-additive control the GY, PH, EH and LS of the white maize in both N conditions. For yellow maize, the DTA and DTS were controlled by additive genes action in both N conditions. The GY, ASI, PH, EH and LS were governed by both additive and non-additive genes actions in N stress condition. Additive genes action is responsible for inheritance of PH and EH while both additive and non-additive actions govern inheritance of GY, ASI and LS in optimal condition. The GY had positive relationship with the DTA, DTS and LS in both N conditions for the white maize while the GY positively correlated with PH, EH and LS in N stress, but with ASI only in optimal condition for the yellow maize.
Conclusion: Grain yield, flowering, height and leaf senescence can be used in selecting maize for nitrogen-use-efficiency.
Stakeholders’ View of Sustainability of Public Water Supply Schemes in a Rural Area: The Case of Muyuka Subdivision, Cameroon
Authors: Mbah Finley , Nkenyi Rene , Fru Delvis 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: It is certain that without readily available water in sufficient quantity, and free of pathogens, man's progress is tremendously hindered. In Muyuka, Cameroon, though there exist public taps littered “here and there”, the population most often find themselves fetching water from nearby streams raising to surface the question of sustainability of the available water systems which was the aim of this study.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytic study targeting household heads and water committee members in the rural communities of Muyuka. Three communities were randomly selected and from each, five quarters were randomly selected. In the quarters, convenience sampling technique was used for the household heads while snowball sampling technique was used to get the water committee members. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and data analyzed using R.
Results: A total of 371 persons participated in the study. The average number of years lived in the community was 22.08 (SD=10.61) and ranged from 10 to 66. Only 13.00% of the participant didn’t see the water system as challenging while 81.5% finds it to be severely problematic. Utilization of water averaged far less than the 50L/person/day and the situation worsened as the household size increased. Close to half (49.6%) of participants did not participate at any stage in the development of the water system. According to the participants, water systems breaks down averagely 3 times in a year and last for about 67 days before being repaired. Water committee members reported difficulties in accessing spare parts and inadequacy in their training.
Conclusion: Frequent breakdown of the water schemes compounded by the unavailability of spare parts and hence delays in repairs, and in expansion, user dissatisfaction and unwillingness to pay their bills; inadequacy in training of water committee members, has resulted in poor sustainability of the water system.
Molecular Screening of Fungal Isolates of Palm Oil from South Eastern Nigeria for Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin Biosynthetic Genes Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR)
Authors: Nwachukwu I. N. , Amadi E. S. , Ogwo U. C. , Umeh S. I. , Opurum C. C. , Chinakwe E. C. , Nwaogwugu N. U. , Ochiagha I. E. , Ogbuagu H. D. , Ujowundu F. N. 
Published: August 2019

In Nigeria and many other developing countries of the world, the incidence of mycotoxin- contamination of foods and food products has attracted attention and stirred a lot of concern for food safety. This work aims at detection of aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic synthetic genes from fungal isolates of palm oil as a veritable means for the evaluation of foods for possible mycotoxin contamination. In this study, fungal isolates from palm oil samples collected from the five states of South-east geopolitical zone in Nigeria were screened for aflatoxin and ochratoxin biosynthetic genes using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR). The assay relied on three sets of primers that amplify aflatoxgenic Aspergillus, ochratoxigenic Aspergillus and Penicillium species under optimized PCR conditions. Optimum multiplex PCR assay was standardized for simultaneous detection of toxigenic Aspergillus and ochratoxin producing Penicillium species targeting AflR, AflS and pks genes involved in aflatoxin and ochratoxin metabolic pathways respectively. AflR primer pair gave specific amplification for aflatoxigenic A. flavus but did not give amplification for A. niger and P. chrysogenum. While AflS and pks gave amplification for only aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic A. niger and P. chrysogenum. In the evaluation and monitoring of mycotoxin-producing fungi during the processing of food and feed commodities, Multiplex PCR approach could be a veritable tool to supplement the conventional analytical techniques.
Construction of a sp3/sp2 Carbon Interface in 3D N‐Doped Nanocarbons for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gao Jian , Wang Yun , Wu Haihua , Liu Xi , Wang Leilei , Yu Qiaolin , Li Aowen , Wang Hong , Song Chuqiao , Gao Zirui , Peng Mi , Zhang Mengtao , Ma Na , Wang Jiaou , Zhou Wu , Wang Guoxiong , Yin Zhen , Ma Ding 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of highly efficient metal‐free carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one very promising strategy for the exploitation and commercialization of renewable and clean energy, but this still remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach to prepare three‐dimensional (3D) N‐doped carbon with a sp3/sp2 carbon interface derived from ionic liquids via a simple pyrolysis process. The tunable hybrid sp3 and sp2 carbon composition and pore structures stem from the transformation of ionic liquids to polymerized organics and introduction of a Co metal salt. Through tuning both composition and pores, the 3D N‐doped nanocarbon with a high sp3/sp2 carbon ratio on the surface exhibits a superior electrocatalytic performance for the ORR compared to that of the commercial Pt/C in Zn–air batteries. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the improved ORR performance can be ascribed to the existence of N dopants at the sp3/sp2 carbon interface, which can lower the theoretical overpotential of the ORR.
New Specimen Sheds Light on the Anatomy and Taxonomy of the Early Late Triassic Dinosauriforms from the Chañares Formation, NW Argentina
Authors: Ezcurra Martín D. , Nesbitt Sterling J. , Fiorelli Lucas E. , Desojo Julia B. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe lower Carnian levels of the Chañares Formation (Ischigualasto‐Villa Unión Basin, La Rioja Province) have yielded some of the most informative dinosaur precursor species known so far. However, these species are based on partial skeletons that in several cases hamper the comparison between them because of the absence of overlapping bones. This has generated a contentious debate during the last 20 years about the synonymy between two of these species, Lewisuchus admixtus and Pseudolagosuchus major. Here, we describe a new dinosauriform partial skeleton (CRILAR‐Pv 552) recently collected in the Chañares Formation that preserves previously unknown anatomical regions for the dinosaur precursors of this unit (e.g., premaxilla, inner ear, anterior zeugopodium) and allows comparisons with other dinosauriform specimens. CRILAR‐Pv 552 is referred to Lewisuchus admixtus because it possesses a proportionally large skull, a laterally projected, shelf‐like ridge on the jugal, and recurved, finely serrated middle–posterior maxillary and dentary teeth ankylosed to the bone, and the absence of a coracoid foramen. The new specimen preserves a dorsally bowed dentary with a lateroventral shelf that is identical to a dentary associated with the holotype of Lewisuchus admixtus. Additionally, the morphology of the new specimen is completely congruent with that of specimens of Pseudolagosuchus major, bolstering the hypothesis that the latter species is a subjective junior synonym of Lewisuchus admixtus. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis with updated scorings for Lewisuchus admixtus found this species at the base of Silesauridae. Anat Rec, 303:1393–1438, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
From Immobilization to Catalyst Use: A Complete Continuous‐Flow Approach Towards the Use of Immobilized Organocatalysts
Authors: de Oliveira Pedro H. R. , da S. Santos Bruno M. , Leão Raquel A. C. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , San Gil Rosane A. S. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Finelli Fernanda G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe combination of chiral supported‐organocatalysts and flow chemistry promotes the sustainable production of enantioenriched compounds providing a very powerful tool for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the rapid deactivation of these catalysts in heterogeneous asymmetric reactions has been limiting the expansion of the area. In this work we report for the first time the advantages of synthesizing, immobilizing, and using a silica‐supported organocatalyst under a complete continuous‐flow approach, showing the impact of this method on the morphology, structure and lifetime of the organocatalyst. The first generation MacMillan's organocatalyst was prepared from L‐phenylalanine and immobilized in silica through a carbamate linkage under batch and continuous‐flow conditions. We also evaluated the performance of both batch and continuous‐flow organocatalysts in the Diels‐Alder reaction for proof of concept.
Solution‐Processable Unsymmetrical Triarylamines: Towards High Mobility and ON/OFF Ratio in Bottom‐Gated OFETs
Authors: Dheepika Ramachandran , Mohamed Imran Predhanekar , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembly of organic small molecules into an ordered thin film has been the key strategy towards efficient charge transport for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Solution processing is a feasible and economic way to enhance pi–pi interaction. Herein, nitrile‐substituted unsymmetrical triarylamines for OFET applications with high mobility are reported. The compounds were constructed by Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions under inert conditions. The HOMO level of about 5.3 eV indicates good hole‐transporting ability. OFETs were assembled in bottom‐gate, top‐contact architecture. Devices fabricated from a binary solvent system exhibited excellent p‐channel characteristics, with impressively high charge‐carrier mobility of up to 2.58 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ION/OFF current ratios of 106–107. SEM and AFM analysis showed the efficient molecular self‐assembly attained by the simple and effective solvent‐engineering method. Theoretical insights obtained by DFT calculations supported by single‐crystal structures showed that the crystalline nature and packing modes of these compounds ensure high mobility. The results prove that these compounds have great potential for use in numerous electronic applications, such as sensors and logic switches.
Anosognosia and default mode subnetwork dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Antoine Nicolas , Bahri Mohamed A. , Bastin Christine , Collette Fabienne , Phillips Christophe , Balteau Evelyne , Genon Sarah , Salmon Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch on the neural correlates of anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease varied according to methods and objectives: they compared different measures, used diverse neuroimaging modalities, explored connectivity between brain networks, addressed the role of specific brain regions or tried to give support to theoretical models of unawareness. We used resting‐state fMRI connectivity with two different seed regions and two measures of anosognosia in different patient samples to investigate consistent modifications of default mode subnetworks and we aligned the results with the Cognitive Awareness Model. In a first study, patients and their relatives were presented with the Memory Awareness Rating Scale. Anosognosia was measured as a patient‐relative discrepancy score and connectivity was investigated with a parahippocampal seed. In a second study, anosognosia was measured in patients with brain amyloid (taken as a disease biomarker) by comparing self‐reported rating with memory performance, and connectivity was examined with a hippocampal seed. In both studies, anosognosia was consistently related to disconnection within the medial temporal subsystem of the default mode network, subserving episodic memory processes. Importantly, scores were also related to disconnection between the medial temporal and both the core subsystem (participating to self‐reflection) and the dorsomedial subsystem of the default mode network (the middle temporal gyrus that might subserve a personal database in the second study). We suggest that disparity in connectivity within and between subsystems of the default mode network may reflect impaired functioning of pathways in cognitive models of awareness.
Biocompatibility of (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoelectric ceramics for bone replacement materials
Authors: Poon Kara K. , Wurm Matthias C. , Evans Donald M. , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann , Lutz Rainer , Glaum Julia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTotal joint replacement implants are generally designed to physically mimic the biological environment to ensure compatibility with the host tissue. However, implant instability exposes patients to long recovery periods, high risk for revision surgeries, and high expenses. Introducing electrical stimulation to the implant site to accelerate healing is promising, but the cumbersome nature of wired devices is detrimental to the implant design. We propose a novel strategy to stimulate cells at the implant site by utilizing piezoelectric ceramics as electrical stimulation sources. The inherent ability of these materials to form electric surface potentials under mechanical load allows them to act as internal power sources. This characteristic is commonly exploited in non‐biomedical applications such as transducers or sensors. We investigate calcium/zirconium‐doped barium titanate (BCZT) ceramics in an in vitro environment to determine their potential as implant materials. BCZT exhibits low cytotoxicity with human osteoblast and endothelial cells as well as high piezoelectric responses. Microstructural adaptation was identified as a route for optimizing piezoelectric behavior. Our results show that BCZT is a promising system for biomedical applications. Its characteristic ability to autonomously generate electric surface potentials opens the possibility to functionalize existing bone replacement implant designs to improve implant ingrowth and long‐term stability.
Influence of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract as root canal irrigation agent on root surfaces: A scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis study
Authors: Tosun Samet , Karataslioglu Emrah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract (TFGSE) as a root canal irrigation agent on the surface of instrumented root canals and on changes in the mineral contents of the root dentin. A total of 90 extracted human mature maxillary central incisor teeth with a single root and without root resorption were selected. The specimens were subdivided into five groups according to irrigation protocol groups G0: distilled water (n = 15): G1: Sodium hypochlorite (5.25% NaOCl); G2: 1% TFGSE G3: NaOCl +17% EDTA (3 min); G4: NaOCl+1% TFGSE; G5: 1% TFGSE +17% EDTA. All the roots were sectioned longitudinally into two halves and examined under scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX) to assess changes in the mineral content of the tooth. Smear layer removal from root canals was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The most effective irrigation protocols in removing smear layer occurred with TFGSE and NaOCl, both with rinsing with 17% EDTA. TFGSE was more effective than NaOCl for removing the smear layer. The results showed the ability of 1% TFGSE to remove the smear layer from the root canals. TFGSE is a promising alternative irrigation agent for root canals.