bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground surface vs. black globe temperature in northern bobwhite resource selection
Authors: Olsen Benjamin R. L. , Fulbright Timothy E. , Hernández Fidel , Grahmann Eric D. , Wester David B. , Hehman Michael W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding thermal ecology of endotherms is becoming increasingly important with predicted increases in temperature associated with climate change. Patterns of resource selection may depend in part on temperature thresholds outside which animals avoid warmer or cooler temperatures. During summer, northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite) in semiarid areas often exist at the limits of their thermal tolerance. We sought to determine (1) selection bounds for black globe and ground surface temperatures, (2) whether ground surface temperature is a better predictor of the thermal environment used by bobwhites than black globe temperature, and (3) how time of the day influences thermal resource use. We radio‐marked 40 bobwhites and located them two to three times a week from April to September in 2014–2016. At each location, we measured ground surface and black globe temperatures at the bird location and at a location 20 m away in a random direction. We calculated continuous selection functions to estimate bounds of thermal characteristics suitable for bobwhites. We used generalized linear models to determine times of day bobwhites select cooler microclimates. Finally, we used case‐controlled logistic regression models to generate thermal resource selection functions. We compared models that included ground surface temperature, black globe temperature, and an index created from both variables with principal component analysis and selected the best model based on Akaike's information criterion adjusted for sample size (AICc) and log‐evidence ratios. Upper and lower selection bounds for black globe temperature and ground surface temperature were 24.5–42.5°C and 23.0–39.5°C, respectively. A principal component of black globe combined with ground surface temperature was a better predictor of bobwhite resource selection than either black globe temperature or ground surface temperature alone. In early afternoon (13:01–17:30 hours) during August, bobwhite locations had 13°C cooler black globe temperatures and 18°C cooler ground surface temperatures than random locations. Availability of thermally usable coverts (woody plant thickets) may be a limiting factor for bobwhites in the study area based on the findings that mean ground surface and black globe temperatures at used locations were close to the upper bounds for use in late summer during the middle of the day.
Massively parallel sequencing of 12 autosomal STRs in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Houston Rachel , Mayes Carrie , King Jonathan L. , Hughes‐Stamm Sheree , Gangitano David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMassively parallel sequencing (MPS) is an emerging technology in the field of forensic genetics that provides distinct advantages compared to capillary electrophoresis. This study offers a proof of concept that MPS technologies can be applied to genotype autosomal STRs in Cannabis sativa. A custom panel for MPS was designed to interrogate 12 cannabis‐specific STR loci by sequence rather than size. A simple workflow was implemented to integrate the custom PCR multiplex into a workflow compatible with the Ion Plus Fragment Library Kit, Ion™ Chef, and Ion™ S5 System. For data sorting and sequence analysis, a custom configuration file was designed for STRait Razor v3 to parse and extract STR sequence data. This study represents a preliminary investigation of sequence variation for 12 autosomal STR loci in 16 cannabis samples. Full concordance was observed between the MPS and CE data. Results revealed intra‐repeat variation in eight loci where the nominal or size‐based allele was identical, but variances were discovered in the sequence of the flanking region. Although only a small number of cannabis samples were evaluated, this study demonstrates that more informative STR data can be obtained via MPS.
A tetrad apparatus for protein gel casting, electrophoresis, staining, and scanning techniques with dual sensors for automatic detection of gel polymerization and protein migration
Authors: Maurye Praveen , Basu Arpita , Naskar Malay , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar , Biswas Jayanta Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent advancements in biochemical sciences have facilitated researchers to explore the structure and function of macro molecules in a cell. PAGE is one of the most favored and adapted laboratory techniques. Due to its simple and economical procedures, several variants or new modifications are routinely observed in the basic electrophoresis technique that comprises gel casting, electrophoresis, staining, and imaging process which consequently necessitates additional apparatuses/components in the laboratory. Operation of these additional apparatuses/components lengthens the pre‐ and postelectrophoresis procedures involving many intermittent tedious and time‐consuming steps. A universal apparatus that can facilitate all such associated techniques is lacking and is of utmost importance for fast and effective results. An apparatus that can perform synchronized action of slab gel casting (16 × 16 cm), electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), dye staining (Coomassie), and imaging (scanning) techniques with real‐time monitoring through sensor technology is described in this article. The estimated cost (∼$150) of fabrication of the apparatus is very economical and simple assembly procedure of the main apparatus can be completed within ∼30 min after fabrication.
3D Mesoporous Ni(OH)2/WS2 Nanofibers with Highly Enhanced Performances for Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Zimin , Xu Tingting , Dai Shuge , Yan Congcong , Ma Caiyun , Wang Xinchang , Xu Junmin , Zhang Sen , Wang Ye 
Published: September 2018

3D Ni(OH)2/tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanofibers composed of ultrathin nanoflakes are synthesized by electrospinning followed by a hydrothermal process, which have a large specific surface of 64.56 m2 g−1. When tested in a three‐electrode configuration, the WS2/Ni(OH)2 nanofiber‐based electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 354 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The hybrid storage device, in which WS2/Ni(OH)2 nanofibers and graphene are used as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, exhibits a high energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 940 W kg−1 and a high capacity retention of 83% after 4000 cycles at 4 A g−1. The as‐synthesized 3D Ni(OH)2/WS2 nanofibers provide a way for the WS2 nanostructure to optimize its viability and potential in constructing a high‐performance energy storage device.
Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications
Authors: Martín‐Sampedro Raquel , Eugenio María E. , Fillat Úrsula , Martín Juan Antonio , Aranda Pilar , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo , Ibarra David , Wicklein Bernd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractValorization of lignocellulosic feedstock from a Dutch elm disease tolerant Ulmus minor clone was studied as a new biomass resource. Herein, fermentable sugars and activated carbons from the side‐stream lignins were produced. For the sugar extraction organosolv and acid hydrolysis pretreatments prior to enzymatic hydrolysis were compared for the first time for this clone prior to enzymatic hydrolysis; organosolv was more efficient for delignification (49 %), while acid hydrolysis was more efficient at eliminating hemicelluloses (95 %). A high final glucose concentration of 22–23.5 g L−1 was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis suggesting that this clone can be considered a potential source for glucose‐based biofuel production. The side‐stream lignins were converted to microporous biochars of high surface area (1220 m2 g−1) and micropore volume (0.42 cm3 g−1). These biochars exhibited excellent properties as electrodes in supercapacitors with a specific capacitance of 118 F g−1 and a high energy density of 14 Wh kg−1 at 7000 W kg−1, while they were also efficient adsorbents in water remediation of model contaminants.
A matrix‐free high‐order discontinuous Galerkin compressible Navier‐Stokes solver: A performance comparison of compressible and incompressible formulations for turbulent incompressible flows
Authors: Fehn Niklas , Wall Wolfgang A. , Kronbichler Martin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBoth compressible and incompressible Navier‐Stokes solvers can be used and are used to solve incompressible turbulent flow problems. In the compressible case, the Mach number is then considered as a solver parameter that is set to a small value, M ≈0.1, in order to mimic incompressible flows. This strategy is widely used for high‐order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The present work raises the question regarding the computational efficiency of compressible DG solvers as compared to an incompressible formulation. Our contributions to the state of the art are twofold: Firstly, we present a high‐performance DG solver for the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations based on a highly efficient matrix‐free implementation that targets modern cache‐based multicore architectures with Flop/Byte ratios significantly larger than 1. The performance results presented in this work focus on the node‐level performance, and our results suggest that there is great potential for further performance improvements for current state‐of‐the‐art DG implementations of the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Secondly, this compressible Navier‐Stokes solver is put into perspective by comparing it to an incompressible DG solver that uses the same matrix‐free implementation. We discuss algorithmic differences between both solution strategies and present an in‐depth numerical investigation of the performance. The considered benchmark test cases are the three‐dimensional Taylor‐Green vortex problem as a representative of transitional flows and the turbulent channel flow problem as a representative of wall‐bounded turbulent flows. The results indicate a clear performance advantage of the incompressible formulation over the compressible one.
Prediction and suppression of internal blue discoloration in roots of daikon, the Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Teranishi Katsunori , Nagata Masayasu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe internal blue discoloration of edible daikon roots often occurs on day 3 after harvest during storage at 20°C and is a serious problem. This study reports a rapid and simple method for predicting discoloration at harvest and proposes two methods for suppressing the discoloration of roots that are at discoloration risk. The soaking of freshly harvested roots in aqueous hydrogen peroxide resulted in immediate blue discoloration. The correlation between discoloration after storage at 20°C and discoloration after soaking in hydrogen peroxide was positive. Discoloration using hydrogen peroxide at harvest is a useful way of predicting discoloration risk. The storage of roots at 10°C in air or at 20°C in an atmosphere containing 1% (v/v) molecular oxygen resulted in no discoloration for at least 8 days. These storage conditions can guarantee no discoloration for the distribution after harvest.
Content of university alcohol policies in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Chitty Kate M. , Chow Chuen Johanna A. P. , Howse Eloise , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIssue addressedThis study aimed to develop a working checklist for university alcohol policies and apply this checklist to current policies in universities in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodsWe developed a working checklist of possible university alcohol policy approaches, drawn from the World Health Organization's alcohol policy recommendations, university alcohol policy research from the United States and norms and expectations currently incorporated in Australian university alcohol policies. We then conducted a content analysis of university alcohol policies in NSW, Australia, based on this checklist. All NSW university websites were searched for any policies or guidelines related to alcohol. The content of each policy or guideline was assessed in terms of whether it satisfied the various components of the checklist.ResultsAll 11 universities in NSW have an alcohol policy, and these policies are readily available and accessible online. There were two main themes identified in the aims across documents: maximising health and safety of individuals and protecting the university as an institutional entity. Inclusiveness and safety were the predominant themes that satisfied policy content. No document incorporated methods for monitoring/evaluating policy impact.ConclusionsUniversity alcohol policies that incorporated both individual‐level and population‐based approaches to alcohol harm reduction were more likely to score higher on the checklist. However, this analysis highlighted many opportunities to strengthen policies by increasing their comprehensiveness and incorporating means to evaluate their effectiveness.So what?We present a working checklist that can be used for future research and policy development, regarding university alcohol policies and guidelines.
Laboratory diagnosis for thalassemia intermedia: Are we there yet?
Authors: Ansari Saqib , Rashid Nabil , Hanifa Anny , Siddiqui Saima , Kaleem Bushra , Naz Arshi , Perveen Kousar , Hussain Zeeshan , Ansari Iqra , Jabbar Qammar , Khan Tahir , Nadeem Muhammad , Shamsi Tahir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation between thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia at presentation is not uniformly characterized, for which an absolute criteria needs to be developed. This study investigated the primary and secondary genetic modifiers to develop a laboratory finding by forming different genetic mutational combinations seen among thalassemia intermedia patients and comparing them with thalassemia major.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed 315 thalassemia intermedia patients. One hundred and five thalassemia major patients were recruited on the basis of documented evidence of diagnosis and were receiving blood transfusion therapy regularly. Various mutational combinations were identified, and comparison was performed between thalassemia intermedia and major using statistical software STATA 11.1.ResultsThe mean age of the total population was 5.9 ± 5.32 years of which 165 (52%) were males. Of the two groups (thalassemia intermedia and thalassemia major), IVSI‐5, IVSI‐1, and Fr 8‐9 were more prevalent among the thalassemia intermedia cohort. When comparison was performed between the thalassemia intermedia and thalassemia major patients, it showed significant results for the presence of Xmn‐1 polymorphism.ConclusionThe presence of IVSI‐5 homozygous with Xmn‐1, IVSI‐5 heterozygous with Xmn‐1, Cd 30 homozygous with or without Xmn‐1 and IVSI‐1 homozygous or heterozygous either with or without Xmn‐1 prove to be strong indicators towards diagnosis of thalassemia intermedia.
MiR‐24‐3p regulates cell proliferation and milk protein synthesis of mammary epithelial cells through menin in dairy cows
Authors: Qiaoqiao Cao , Li Honghui , Liu Xue , Yan Zhengui , Zhao Meng , Xu Zhongjin , Wang Zhonghua , Shi Kerong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMiR‐24‐3p, a broadly conserved, small, noncoding RNA, is abundantly expressed in mammary tissue. However, its regulatory role in this tissue remains poorly understood. It was predicted that miR‐24‐3p targets the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), an important regulatory factor in mammary tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of miR‐24‐3p in mammary cells. Using a luciferase assay in mammary epithelial cells (MAC‐T), miR‐24‐3p was confirmed to target the 3′‐UTR of MEN1. Furthermore, miR‐24‐3p negatively regulated the expression of the MEN1 gene and its encoded protein, menin. miR‐24‐3p enhanced proliferation of MAC‐T by promoting G1/S phase progression. MiR‐24‐3p also regulated the expression of key factors involved in phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription signaling pathways, therefore controlling milk protein synthesis in epithelial cells. Thus, miR‐24‐3p appears to act on MAC‐T by targeting MEN1. The expression of miR‐24‐3p was controlled by MEN1/menin, indicating a negative feedback loop between miR‐24‐3p and MEN1/menin. The negatively inhibited expression pattern of miR‐24‐3p and MEN1 was active in mammary tissues at different lactation stages. The feedback mechanism is a new concept to further understand the lactation cycle of mammary glands and can possibly to be manipulated to improve milk yield and quality.
Down‐regulation of PKM2 decreases FASN expression in bladder cancer cells through AKT/mTOR/SREBP‐1c axis
Authors: Tao Ting , Su Qiongli , Xu Simeng , Deng Jun , Zhou Sichun , Zhuang Yu , Huang Yanjun , He Caimei , He Shanping , Peng Mei , Hocher Berthold , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFatty acid synthase (FASN) catalyzing the terminal steps in the de novo biogenesis of fatty acids is correlated with low survival and high disease recurrence in patients with bladder cancer. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) regulates the final step of glycolysis levels and provides a growth advantage to tumors. However, it is unclear whether the change of PKM2 has an effect on FASN and what is the mechanisms underlying. Here we describe a novel function of PKM2 in control of lipid metabolism by mediating transcriptional activation of FASN, showing the reduced expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP‐1c). We first discovered that PKM2 physically interacts with the SREBP‐1c using biochemical approaches, and downregulation of PKM2 reduced the expression of SREBP‐1c by inactivating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which in turn directly suppressed the transcription of major lipogenic genes FASN to reduce tumor growths. Furthermore, either PKM2 inhibitor‐Shikonin or FASN inhibitor‐TVB‐3166 alone induced a strong antiproliferative and anticolony forming effect in bladder cancer cell line. The combination of both inhibitors exhibits a super synergistic effect on blocking the bladder cancer cells growth. It provides a new target and scientific basis for the treatment of bladder cancer.
The prevalence of sarcopenia and relationships between muscle and bone in ageing West‐African Gambian men and women
Authors: Zengin Ayse , Jarjou Landing M. , Prentice Ann , Cooper Cyrus , Ebeling Peter R. , Ward Kate A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe rapidly rising ageing population in low and middle‐income countries (LMIC) will lead to a concurrent increase in musculoskeletal diseases. Sarcopenia is a disease caused by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to adverse outcomes including frailty, falls, fractures, and premature mortality. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia, assessed the suitability of current diagnostic guidelines and explored muscle–bone relationships in ageing men and women from rural Gambia.MethodsA total of 249 women and 239 men aged 40–75+ years were recruited. Body composition was measured using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Comparisons of the Foundations for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and European Working Group On Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenia to define prevalence and to identify poor physical capability were determined. Functional ability was assessed by jumping mechanography to calculate lower limb muscle force and power; grip strength was assessed by a hand dynamometer. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess muscle–bone relationships.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in Gambian men and women significantly varied depending on the definition used; in men 20% and 19% and in women 45% and 10% for FNIH and EWGSOP, respectively. The FNIH appendicular lean mass cut‐off had greatest sensitivity and specificity in identifying low functional ability in Gambian adults. Muscle force was positively associated with measures of tibial bone size, strength, and mineral content.ConclusionsThe variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the definition used and highlights the importance of measuring functional capability across ethnic populations.
Reactive oxygen species stimulated pulmonary epithelial cells mediate the alveolar recruitment of FasL+ killer B cells in LPS-induced acute lung injuries
Authors: Zhang Hushan , Wang Zhiming , Liu Ronghua , Qian Tingting , Liu Jiajing , Wang Luman , Chu Yiwei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are electrophilic chemical species produced from incomplete oxidation. They have long been known as aggressive molecules that lead to direct tissue and cellular damage. Recent studies have reconsidered ROS as second messengers in the initiation and amplification of cell signaling, but how ROS regulate lung tissue and immune cell remain unknown. In this study, we used a LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model to observe disease, progression and determine ROS-related immune responses. We found that ROS play an essential pathogenic role in ALI, however, the major role of ROS in exacerbating ALI was increasing bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) B cells rather than eliciting tissue damage. Moreover, these pathogenic B cells are FasL+ killer B cells, which reported to damage Fas-sensitive target cells including pulmonary epithelial cells. Furthermore, via in vitro transwell assays and in vivo treatment with neutralizing antibodies. ROS promoted pulmonary epithelial cells to produce CXCL9 and CXCL10, which recruited B cells into BALF. These results demonstrated that during lung injury, instead of causing oxidative damage, ROS mainly serve as second messengers, interacting with tissue and immune cells to enhance immune responses that lead to more severe disease.
ROS function as a second massager result in chemokines secretion and pathogenic B cells recruitment during ALI.
Update on multiparametric MRI of urinary bladder cancer
Authors: van der Pol Christian B. , Chung Andrew , Lim Christopher , Gandhi Niket , Tu Wendy , McInnes Matthew D.F. , Schieda Nicola 
Published: September 2018

While many institutions perform MRI during the work‐up of urinary bladder cancer, others use MRI rarely if at all, possibly due to a variation in the reported staging accuracy and unfamiliarity with the potential benefits of performing MRI. Through increased application of functional imaging techniques including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging, there has been a resurgence of interest regarding evaluation of bladder cancer with MRI. Several recent meta‐analyses have shown that MRI is accurate at differentiating between ≤T1 and T2 disease (with pooled sensitivity/specificity of ∼90/80%) and differentiating between T2 and ≥T3 disease. DWI and DCE, in combination with high‐resolution T2‐weighted images, improves detection and possibly local staging accuracy of bladder cancer. High b value echo‐planar DWI is particularly valuable for tumor detection. Zoomed field of view and segmented readout DWI techniques improve image quality by reducing susceptibility artifact, while methods to extract calculated high b value images save time and improve the contrast‐to‐noise ratio. DCE traditionally required imaging of the pelvis with high temporal but lower spatial resolution; however, advances in parallel and keyhole imaging techniques can preserve spatial resolution. The use of compressed sensing reconstruction may improve utilization of DCE of the bladder, especially when imaging the abdomen simultaneously, as in MR urography. Quantitative imaging analysis of bladder cancer using pharmacokinetic modeling of DCE, apparent diffusion coefficient values, and texture analysis may enable radiomic assessment of bladder cancer grade and stage.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:882–896.