bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial properties of sessile benthic organisms and the design of repeat visual survey transects
Authors: Perkins Nicholas R. , Hosack Geoffrey R. , Foster Scott D. , Hill Nicole A. , Barrett Neville S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMonitoring the impacts of pressures, such as climate change, on marine benthic ecosystems is of high conservation priority. Novel imaging technologies, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and towed systems, now give researchers the ability to monitor benthic ecosystems over large spatial and temporal scales.The design of monitoring programmes that use such technologies is currently hindered by a lack of information about the typical abundance and spatial distributions of target indicators and the level of sampling required to detect changes. A further complicating factor is that these sampling platforms are often not able to be exactly relocated when conducting repeat surveys.How the spatial properties of benthic organisms influence the estimates of cover, given alternative designs that vary in the geolocation precision of transects and the sampling intensity of images, is explored. A geostatistical modelling approach is used to quantify the spatial distribution of 20 key deep‐water invertebrate species at a long‐term monitoring site. The parameter estimates from these models are then used to simulate repeat transects with geolocation error and different levels of sampling.Results suggest that species with short effective ranges (i.e. those with strong spatial dependence over relatively short distances) and large spatial variance, which suggests strong spatial dependence effects, will require greater sampling effort to achieve a given standard of precision.Spatial offsets of 2 m, typical of an AUV, are unlikely to have dramatic impacts on the precision of estimates when sufficient images are sampled, but offsets of 10 m that are typical of towed systems may require a prohibitively high sampling effort for some species. These findings have important implications for benthic monitoring programmes, and highlight the importance of considering the interactions between sampling design, the technical limitations of survey equipment, and the spatial properties of indicator species.
Genetic connectivity and phylogeography of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) in the western Atlantic Ocean: Implications for conservation management
Authors: Domingues Rodrigo R. , Bruels Christine C. , Gadig Otto B.F. , Chapman Demian D. , Hilsdorf Alexandre W.S. , Shivji Mahmood S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The night shark, Carcharhinus signatus, is a mesopelagic, semi‐oceanic shark species found only in the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the most frequently caught sharks in pelagic longline fisheries and is classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite their prevalence in commercial fisheries, the population genetic structure of the night shark has not been assessed.
The present study investigated the genetic diversity, genetic connectivity, and phylogeography of the species throughout the western Atlantic Ocean, based on complete mitochondrial control region (mtCR) sequence data (n = 152) and genotypic data from nine nuclear microsatellites (n = 119).
The mtCR sequence revealed 19 haplotypes, with overall haplotype and nucleotide diversities of 0.74 (±0.027) and 0.0034 (±0.0019), respectively, whereas the nuclear microsatellite observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.408 and 0.421, respectively. There was significant population structure (ФST = 0.429; P < 0.01) and isolation by distance (r = 0.65, P = 0.03) based on mtCR sequence data, but no genetic differentiation based on nuclear microsatellite analyses.
The phylogenetic analyses support the existence of two matrilineal lineages, which diverged during the Pleistocene. Mitochondrial demographic analyses indicated a historical bottleneck effect followed by population expansion during the Pleistocene, whereas nuclear microsatellites did not detect a recent or a strong bottleneck.
For conservation purposes, we advocate that the species should be considered to comprise at least two management units (MUs) in the western Atlantic Ocean. MU‐specific catch quotas should be implemented throughout the range of the species given its low genetic diversity and vulnerability to overexploitation.
The origins of the Kula Ring: Archaeological and maritime perspectives from the southern Massim and Mailu areas of Papua New Guinea
Authors: IRWIN GEOFFREY , SHAW BEN , MCALISTER ANDREW 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper is focused on the archaeology of Massim exchange and the development of the Kula Ring. It establishes an ethnographic baseline for the European contact period, and summarises fieldwork in the southern Massim. It provides a first description of the prehistoric pottery sequence and draws together previous information from the northern Massim and the Mailu area into a study of the archaeological origins of the Kula Ring. In the last centuries of prehistory the Massim became isolated from the PNG mainland by warfare and, at the same time, islands of the Massim became more connected. The geographical configuration of the Kula was influenced by seasonal winds and the sailing performance of nagega canoes. Some islands were advantaged in their location, but others lay upwind from the Kula islands and outside the Ring. Among the Kula islands, exchanges resolved into a gyre and concepts of Kula magic and ritual spread across the open borders of adjacent communities. In late prehistory the small southern island of Tubetube became a dominant centre when it established a direct connection with the trade in industrial stone from Woodlark Island. Finally, when the Massim was pacified by the colonial government the ethnographic Kula was free to sail, and sea lanes to the mainland opened again.
Hierarchical FeCo2S4 Nanotube Arrays Deposited on 3D Carbon Foam as Binder‐free Electrodes for High‐performance Asymmetric Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Huang Yunpeng , Cui Fen , Hua Mingqing , Xu Le , Zhao Yan , Lian Jiabiao , Bao Jian , Li Huaming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ever‐increasing global demand for green energy resources calls for more research attention on the development of cheap and efficient energy storage systems. Herein, we propose the rational design of a 3D carbon foam electrode deposited with perpendicularly oriented FeCo2S4 nanotubes arrays (FeCo2S4/CMF) for high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors. In this work, the macroporous CMF served as conducting backbone not only to enhance the electrical conductivity of the composite, but also to promote the uniform growth of FeCo2S4 nanotubes. Deposited hierarchical FeCo2S4 nanotubes arrays with open hollow structures can afford numerous exposed electroactive sites for Faradaic redox reaction and provide short interior channels for fast electrolyte transmission. Due to these unique features, obtained 3D hierarchical FeCo2S4/CMF composite foam exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2430 F g−1 (specific capacity of 337.5 mAh g−1) at 1 A g−1, and excellent capacitance retention of 91 % after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 9 A g−1, which is superior to most of those previously reported binary metal sulfide‐based electrodes. Moreover, asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled using the FeCo2S4/CMF as positive electrode also delivers a high energy density of 78.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800.3 W kg−1. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for the low‐cost synthesis of 3D foam electrodes towards high‐performance supercapacitor devices.
Tuning the Electron Affinity and Stacking Properties of Corannulene by Introduction of Fluorinated Thioethers
Authors: Haupt Axel , Lentz Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrifluoromethylthio‐substituted corannulene can be easily synthesized in good yield by the reaction of iodocorannulene with CuSCF3. Oxidation with meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) yields the corresponding sulfonyl compound which exhibits the largest anodic shift of the redox potential caused by a single substituent. Similarly, four SCF3, SC6F5 and SeC6F5 substituents are introduced in the 1,2,5,6‐positions of corannulene starting with 1,2,5,6‐tetraiodo‐ or 1,2,5,6‐tetrabromocorannulene, respectively. The reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents and are believed to follow SNAr‐type substitution mechanisms. Crystal and molecular structures of selected compounds were elucidated by X‐ray crystallography. Trifluoromethanesulfonyl corannulene and the fourfold‐substituted trifluoromethylthioether exhibit a perfect columnar stacking of the bowls. The substituted corannulenes were investigated electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry giving raise to large anodic shifts owing to substitution with electron‐withdrawing groups.
Sex differences in social attention in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Harrop Clare , Jones Desiree , Zheng Shuting , Nowell Sallie W. , Boyd Brian A. , Sasson Noah 
Published: September 2018

Although reduced social attention and increased nonsocial attention have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the studies have relied on predominantly male samples and have been underpowered to examine sex differences. These processes may differ for females with ASD, who have been shown to be dissimilar to males in social motivation and nonsocial features, including circumscribed interests (CI). The goal of this study was to compare social and nonsocial visual attention between males and females with ASD on a validated eye‐tracking paradigm. Eighty‐five school‐aged (6–10 years) males and females with and without ASD completed a paired preference task of face and object stimuli (half of which related to common CI). After covarying for chronological and mental age, the presence of concurrently presented CI images reduced prioritization and attention to faces for males more than females, replicating previous findings. ASD females maintained comparable attention patterns to typically developing females, suggesting that previous findings of reduced social attention and increased attention to CI‐related objects in autism may be specific to males. These findings are also inconsistent with the “extreme male brain” theory of autism. The more normative orienting and attention to social stimuli for females with ASD may indicate distinct phenotypic characteristics relative to males and possibly serve as a protective effect. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1264–1275. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAs autism is more commonly diagnosed in males, less is known about females with autism. Two areas of interest include the interests held by individuals with autism and how socially motivated they are. We used eye tracking as a way to understand these two areas. Our data reveal that elementary school‐aged females (6–10 years) with autism attended to faces comparatively to females without autism, suggesting that (1) they were more socially motivated than males with autism and (2) the images of common interests were less motivating to them.
Comparison of different approaches for dose response analysis
Authors: Saha Saswati , Brannath Werner 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCharacterizing an appropriate dose‐response relationship and identifying the right dose in a clinical trial are two main goals of early drug‐development. MCP‐Mod is one of the pioneer approaches developed within the last 10 years that combines the modeling techniques with multiple comparison procedures to address the above goals in clinical drug development. The MCP‐Mod approach begins with a set of potential dose‐response models, tests for a significant dose‐response effect (proof of concept, PoC) using multiple linear contrasts tests and selects the “best” model among those with a significant contrast test. A disadvantage of the method is that the parameter values of the candidate models need to be fixed a priori for the contrasts tests. This may lead to a loss in power and unreliable model selection. For this reason, several variations of the MCP‐Mod approach and a hierarchical model selection approach have been suggested where the parameter values need not be fixed in the proof of concept testing step and can be estimated after the model selection step. This paper provides a numerical comparison of the different MCP‐Mod variants and the hierarchical model selection approach with regard to their ability of detecting the dose‐response trend, their potential to select the correct model and their accuracy in estimating the dose response shape and minimum effective dose. Additionally, as one of the approaches is based on two‐sided model comparisons only, we make it more consistent with the common goals of a PoC study, by extending it to one‐sided comparisons between the constant and alternative candidate models in the proof of concept step.
Visualizing cellular stress: A hypothesis‐driven confocal laboratory exercise to identify compounds that activate heat shock factor binding at Hsp70 loci
Authors: Choi Annette , Wang Mengqi , Hrizo Stacy , Buckley Martin S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExposure of organisms to high temperatures and various chemical and physical stressors can cause protein misfolding and aggregation. In turn, this can disrupt the functions of proteins, threatening both development and homeostasis. To overcome this, cells can initiate the highly conserved heat shock (HS) stress response pathway. In eukaryotes, this is a coordinated cellular response, in which the master HS activator, heat shock factor (HSF), is rapidly recruited to the HS protein genes, and triggers the recruitment of additional coactivator proteins that facilitate gene expression. This results in the production of HS proteins that function as nuclear and cytosolic molecular chaperones, to promote refolding of proteins and prevent aggregation and increase protein degradation pathways. Here, we describe a laboratory exercise in which students visualize and quantify Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)‐tagged HSF binding to the HS protein genes in living Drosophila salivary gland nuclei as an output of chemically induced protein misfolding. Students are assigned an array of chemicals, and using the scientific literature, predict impacts of these chemicals on protein folding. Students then test the effects of their chemicals by measuring GFP‐tagged HSF binding to the HS genes in salivary glands using confocal microscopy. Designed for junior and senior level students in a cell/molecular biology course, this is a two‐part lab, in which student work closely with an instructor to help familiarize them with developing hypotheses supported by scientific literature and testing these hypotheses by quantitating the levels of GFP‐HSF binding, using confocal microscopy of living Drosophila cells. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):445–452, 2018.
A new validated HPLC method for the determination of levodopa: Application to study the impact of ketogenic diet on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in Parkinson's participants
Authors: Elbarbry Fawzy , Nguyen Van , Mirka Alar , Zwickey Heather , Rosenbaum Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple, accurate, and reproducible HPLC‐UV method has been developed and validated for the quantification of levodopa (l‐Dopa) in human plasma. The method involves a simple protein precipitation procedure to extract both l‐Dopa and methyldopa, the internal standard. The chromatographic analysis was achieved on a Shimadzu LC 20A HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 20 mm KH2PO4 (pH 2.5) and methanol (95:5, v/v) run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 230 nm. The method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.999) over the assayed concentration range (0.1–10 μg/mL) and demonstrated good intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations and the deviation from predicted values were <15%). This method was also successfully applied for studying the potential effect of ketogenic diet on the pharmacokinetics of l‐Dopa in Parkinson's participants. Our data analysis indicates that ketogenic diet does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of l‐Dopa.
Unraveling Substrate Specificity and Catalytic Promiscuity of Aspergillus oryzae Catechol Oxidase
Authors: Penttinen Leena , Rutanen Chiara , Jänis Janne , Rouvinen Juha , Hakulinen Nina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCatechol oxidases and tyrosinases are coupled binuclear copper enzymes that oxidize various o‐diphenolic compounds to corresponding o‐quinones. Tyrosinases have an additional monooxygenation ability to hydroxylate monophenol to o‐diphenol. It is still not clear what causes the difference in the catalytic activities. We solved a complex structure of Aspergillus oryzae catechol oxidase with resorcinol bound into the active site. Catalytic activity of A. oryzae catechol oxidase was studied, for the first time, by high‐resolution FT‐ICR mass spectrometry to shed light on the reaction mechanism. The enzyme was also found to catalyze monooxygenation of small phenolics, which provides a novel perspective for the discussion of differences in the catalytic activity between tyrosinases and catechol oxidases. According to the results, two binding modes for resorcinol are suggested and a reaction mechanism for coupled binuclear copper enzymes is discussed.
Inhibition of microRNA‐143‐3p attenuates myocardial hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammatory response
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhao Yanan , Zhang Hongli , Xie Di , Nie Wei , Shi Kaiyao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroRNA‐143‐3p (miR‐143‐3p) is involved in the initiation of inflammatory response and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial hypertrophy is a common symptom in numerous cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we attempted to demonstrate the role of miR‐143‐3p in the development of myocardial hypertrophy by focusing on its association with inflammation. Myocardial hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) method in vivo and by H2O2 administration in vitro. The expression status of miR‐143‐3p and downstream effectors were detected in animal heart tissues and H9c2 cells. Furthermore, the effect of miR‐143‐3p inhibition on H2O2‐induced changes in ERK5/PPARδ/NF‐κB axis was assessed. TAC induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat heart tissues, which was associated with the increased expressions of miR‐143‐3p and p‐ERK5. However, the up‐regulated expression of miR‐143‐3p had no effect on the expression of ERK5, which was a direct target of miR‐143‐3p. The results of in vitro assays showed that H2O2 administration increased the levels of miR‐143‐3p and p‐EKR5 and induced the activation of NF‐κB pathway. After the inhibition of miR‐143‐3p, the activation of EKR5 and NF‐κB pathway was suppressed, whereas the expression of PPARδ was up‐regulated. The current study demonstrated that miR‐143‐3p is crucial to the initiation of inflammatory response induced by myocardial hypertrophy. The activation of ERK5 following miR‐143‐3p up‐regulation appears to be a complementary response to induce the subsequent anti‐inflammatory signaling transduction, which needed further exploration.
Quercetin preferentially induces apoptosis in KRAS‐mutant colorectal cancer cells via JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Wang Tao , Chen Degao , Ma Qizhao , Zheng Yanjiang , Liao Shiping , Wang Yufang , Zhang Ji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, and its incidence and mortality are markedly increasing worldwide. Oncogenic mutations of KRAS occur in up to 40% of CRC cases and pose a great challenge in the treatment of the disease. Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid that exerts anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐cancer properties. The current study investigated the anti‐proliferative effect of quercetin on CRC cells harboring mutant or wild‐type KRAS. The effect of quercetin on cell viability was investigated by MTT and colony formation assays, and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry by labeling cells with Annexin V‐FITC. The expression of the relevant proteins was examined by Western blotting. The data revealed that KRAS‐mutant cells were more sensitive to quercetin‐induced apoptosis than wild‐type cells. Caspase activation was involved in quercetin‐induced apoptosis. In addition, quercetin selectively activated the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in KRAS‐mutant cells, while inhibition of phospho‐JNK by SP600125 blocked quercetin‐induced apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with quercetin, a common flavonoid in plants, is potentially a useful strategy for the treatment of CRCs carrying KRAS mutations.
Dehydration of 1,5‐Pentanediol over CeO2‐MeOx Catalysts
Authors: Gnanamani Muthu Kumaran , Martinelli Michela , Badoga Sandeep , Hopps Shelley D. , Davis Burtron H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dehydration reaction of 1,5‐pentanediol was performed over CeO2 and modified CeO2 (CeO2−MnOx, CeO2−ZnO, CeO2−MgO, CeO2−CaO, CeO2−Na2O) catalysts in a fixed‐bed tubular reactor at 350 °C and an atmospheric pressure. The undoped CeO2 produced a mixture of the products containing mainly 4‐penten‐1‐ol, 1‐pentanol, cyclopentanol, cyclopentanone and tetrahydropyran‐2‐one from 1,5‐pentanediol, while additions of MgO, MnOx, or ZnO to CeO2 was found to enhance the overall production rate of unsaturated alcohol. On the other hand, more basic metals like CaO or Na2O tend to decline the dehydration activity of CeO2. The porous structure of CeO2 did not change appreciably with the addition of metal oxides. Temperature programmed desorption of adsorbed CO2 on an activated catalyst suggest more CO2 remain on the catalyst surface, particularly CeO2−CaO and CeO2−Na2O indicating that fewer defect sites are only available for reaction. The defect sites or oxygen vacancy on CeO2 controls both activity and selectivity for the dehydration of 1,5‐pentanediol.
Direct Electron Transfer between Glucose Oxidase and Gold Nanoparticles; When Size Matters
Authors: Malel Esteban , Mandler Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe studied the direct electron transfer (DET) between glucose and electrogenerated AuCl4− catalysed by glucose oxidase (GOx) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Well‐defined AuNPs were prepared and attached onto an insulating surface. Studying the current transients of a gold microelectrode held within a few microns from the surface revealed that the AuNPs interacted with the GOx and were crucial for the DET from the glucose. We investigated very carefully the effect of pH and the size of the AuNPs on electron transfer. AuNPs of 16, 40 and 80 nm diameter were applied. The kinetics of electron transfer was analysed by the Michael‐Menten kinetic mechanism. Interestingly, we found that the fastest DET was exhibited by the 40 nm AuNPs at pH 3 and 5. At higher pH, electron transfer was better catalysed by the 80 nm AuNPs. This was rationalized by the effect of the pH on the enzymatic structure and the charge of the AuNPs.