bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes About Breast Cancer Screening in Latin America and the Caribbean: An In-Depth Narrative Review
Authors: Doede Aubrey L. , Mitchell Emma M. , Wilson Dan , Panagides Reanna , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Breast cancer (BCA) is the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and the number of deaths from BCA is expected to continue to increase. Although barriers to care include the physical accessibility of screening resources, personal and cultural barriers must be explored to understand necessary next steps to increase access to preventive care. The purpose of this in-depth narrative literature review was to explore empiric literature that surrounds the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward BCA screening practices among women in LAC. To our knowledge, this is the first literature review to include articles from all countries and national languages (Portuguese, English, and Spanish) that pertain to this topic. Methods OVID Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science/SciELO were used to identify articles. Thirty-five articles were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Themes identified in the literature included knowledge about screening procedures and cause of cancer; knowledge sources; catalysts and deterrents for screening, such as family support, family history; social support or taboo, fear, self-neglect, cost, and transportation; and the perception of the screening experience. Conclusion In addition to physical availability of resources and health care personnel, there is a necessity for culturally competent community educational interventions across all aspects of BCA screening and prevention. In light of the barriers to preventive health care, providers such as nurses and community health workers are uniquely qualified to provide culturally appropriate and individualized health education to address cultural and psychological barriers to BCA screening.
Real world evidence (RWE) – a disruptive innovation or the quiet evolution of medical evidence generation?
Authors: Khosla Sajan , White Robert , Medina Jesús , Ouwens Mario , Emmas Cathy , Koder Tim , Male Gary , Leonard Sandra 
Published: August 2018

Stakeholders in healthcare are increasingly turning to real world evidence (RWE) to inform their decisions, alongside evidence from randomized controlled trials. RWE is generated by analysing data gathered from routine clinical practice, and can be used across the product lifecycle, providing insights into areas including disease epidemiology, treatment effectiveness and safety, and health economic value and impact. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have stated their ambition for greater use of RWE to support applications for new indications, and are now consulting with their stakeholders to formalize standards and expected methods for generating RWE. Pharmaceutical companies are responding to the increasing demands for RWE by developing standards and processes for each stage of the evidence generation pathway. Some conventions are already in place for assuring quality, whereas other processes are specific to the research question and data sources available. As evidence generation increasingly becomes a core role of medical affairs divisions in large pharmaceutical companies, standards of rigour will continue to evolve and improve. Senior pharmaceutical leaders can drive this change by making RWE a core element of their corporate strategy, providing top-level direction on how their respective companies should approach RWE for maximum quality. Here, we describe the current and future areas of RWE application within the pharmaceutical industry, necessary access to data to generate RWE, and the challenges in communicating RWE. Supporting and building on viewpoints from industry and publicly funded research, our perspective is that at each stage of RWE generation, quality will be critical to the impact that RWE has on healthcare decision-makers; not only where RWE is an established and evolving tool, but also in new areas that have the potential to disrupt and to improve drug development pathways.
Food, emotions and memory in Justyna Gruszczyk’s scent installations
Authors: Stronciwilk Agata Anna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article examines the use of food aromas in scent installations created by Polish artist Justyna Gruszczyk. In her work, she concentrates on non-visual means of communication. Her main field of interest are scents and their ability to evoke memories and emotions. In many of her scent installations, Gruszczyk uses food-based aromas to create a narrative or trigger emotions. In analysed examples, she uses the aroma of home-made cake, strawberry lollipops and coconut to deliver various meanings.
The procurement of food as a factor in taste
Authors: Gross Joan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The memory of how food is procured influences the taste of that food. In ethnographic interviews with food activists, farmers, back-to-the-landers and freegans, the response to a question about a favourite meal often included how the food was procured. The experience of growing and foraging for food moves the act of tasting beyond the internal realm of taste buds and into more public arenas.
Postneoliberalismo y policía en América del Sur.
Authors: Sozzo Máximo 
Published: August 2018

Como es sabido desde fines de los años 1990s procesos de cambio político decisivo emergieron en diversos contextos nacionales de América del Sur, ligados al ascenso de alianzas y programas políticos construidos en torno a vocabularios vinculados más o menos estrechamente a las tradiciones locales de la Izquierda, con distintos niveles de radicalidad e importantes diferencias entre sí, ligadas también al conjunto de elementos que integraban la situación política peculiar de cada escenario...
Políticas de policía y gobiernos de izquierda. El caso de Uruguay
Authors: Paternain Rafael 
Published: August 2018

Durante los últimos lustros, nuestra región ha tenido ejemplos sobrados de reformas policiales. El atraso institucional, la corrupción, la connivencia con la criminalidad organizada y las modalidades de gestión basadas en la violencia y el abuso, han estado en la base de los impulsos de transformación. En el Uruguay, la policía no ha sido una preocupación prioritaria en materia de gestión pública. Al contrario, desde siempre se ha asumido que la misma es el actor principal de la seguridad y en ella se han delgado las funciones esenciales para la prevención y el control del delito.
El presente artículo sintetiza una investigación que se realizó en el marco del proyecto Clacso “Giro a la izquierda y política policial en América del sur (Un abordaje comparativo)”. A lo largo de las páginas que siguen, se buscará describir los principales hitos en materia de política de policía durante los dos primeros gobiernos del Frente Amplio, comparando los distintos momentos y situando el sentido general que los cambios han adquirido.
Defending Traditions, Countering Intolerant Ideologies: Re-energizing the Role of Modin in Modern Java
Authors: Arifin Achmad Zainal 
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses a neglected traditional Islamic figure called modin, who actually has potential and greater opportunity in countering the growing numbers of relatively new Islamic groups that perpetuate intolerant ideology. This paper is based on a fieldwork in the Village of Sidoluhur, Godean, Sleman, DIY. The primary data used for this research is derived from in-depth interviews with 17 people such as modin, village officers, mosques’ board members, and active jamaah (members) of the mosques. I argue that modin has a significant contribution in softening tensions among Muslims at a hamlet level. He will be functioning effectively in preserving local Islamic practices and, at the same time, filtering intolerant ideology in society. In so doing, contestations among modin, who might come from various Islamic groups, have to be carefully considered to maximize his roles in society, especially in countering intolerant views proposed by some transnational Islamic groups. [Artikel ini membahas peminggiran figur Islam tradisional di Jawa yang dikenal dengan sebutan modin. Figur ini sebenarnya mempunyai potensi dan peluang besar untuk menandingi perkembangan kelompok Islam yang menyebarkan ideologi intoleran. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan riset lapangan di Desa Sidoluhur, Godean, Yogyakarta, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh belas informan meliputi modin, perangkat desa, pengurus masjid, dan jamaah masjid. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modin mempunyai kontribusi penting dalam meredam ketegangan umat di tingkat dusun. Ia berperan dalam melestarikan praktik Islam lokal sekaligus menyaring ideologi intoleran dalam masyarakat. Adanya kontestasi di antara modin yang berasal dari kelompok yang berbeda perlu menjadi pertimbangan untuk memaksimalkan peran modin di masyarakat dalam menandingi ideologi intoleran yang diusung oleh kelompok Islam transnasional.]
Český román v čase „kamarádů svobody”
Authors: Moldanová Dobrava 
Published: August 2018

Studie Český román v čase »kamarádů svobody« je věnována prvnímu období tvorby Fráni Šrámka a Jiřího Mahena ( 1905–1914). Oba autoři, pohybující se v prostředí anarchistické bohémy, vzbudili pozornost výrazně lyrickým stylem svých dramatických pokusů i raných próz. Jejich první rozsáhlejší práce, Šrámkovy romány Stříbrný vítr (1910) a Křižovatky (1914), a Mahenovi Kamarádi svobody (1909) představují novou variantu románu ztracených iluzí. Generace debutující na počátku 20. století tento románový typ, který do českém literárního kontextu uvedli v 90. létech příslušníci generace moderny (Mrštík, Svobodová, Svoboda, Sova), spojila s uvolňováním pevné kompozice a s výraznou lyrizací textu, směřující k zachycení citového rozpoložení a smyslového prožitku literárních postav.
Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress with a leaf extract of Glyphae brevis (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Nwidu Lucky Legbosi , Oboma Yibala I. , Elmorsy Ekramy , Carter Wayne Grant 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background

Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaundice; however, no studies have hitherto investigated the mechanistic basis of these claims.

Methods
A hepato-protective role of G. brevis hydromethanolic (GBH) leaf extract was established against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after a CCl4 challenge, rats were sacrificed and serum hematological indices, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters were determined. The antioxidant enzymes parameters (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric reactive substances) levels in liver homogenates were evaluated. Changes in the liver cyto-architecture of different treatment groups were also investigated.

Results
The GBH extract produced no significant impact on weight and hematological indices. Intoxication with CCl4 significantly (p<0.001–0.05) increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared with control rats. Pretreatment with GBH leaf extract significantly reduced triglycerides, TC, and LDL to approaching control levels (p<0.001–0.05). The GBH leaf extract significantly alleviated CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the CCl4-induced depression of total protein, and albumin. Liver antioxidant parameters were significantly increased in plant extract-treated rats, and this antagonized the pro-oxidant effect of CCl4. Histopathological studies also supported a hepato-protective effect of GBH. Collectively, the GBH leaf extract alleviated the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity through improvement of innate antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid metabolism and stabilized the hepatocyte cyto-architecture of intoxicated rats.

Conclusions
This study establishes the ethnomedicinal role of G. brevis leaf in hepatitis and the mechanistic basis of hepato-protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Axial Uplift Behavior of Belled Piers in Sloping Ground’ by F. A. B. Danziger, C. Pereira Pinto, A. P. Ruffier, and M. P. Pacheco”
Authors: Lu Xian-long , Qian Zeng-zhen , Yang Wen-zhi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The main target of this closure is to clarify some issues related to the interpretation of the test results. Based on the suggested critical depth (i.e., the depth to determine the uplift failure mode to change from shallow to deep or vice-versa) in the literature and the sketch of the failure cracks of the load tests, the failure modes for the two belled piers were suggested, which are in agreement with those recommended by the discussers. The Meyerhof and Adams method was used to predict the ultimate uplift resistances for the belled piers in the case of horizontal ground conditions, and it provides reasonable results for the load test predictions. The small difference between the interpreted failure loads may be due to the inherent spatial variability of the geotechnical properties of loess soils. The normalized load–displacement curves of the two belled piers in this study were compared to each other and to that of belled piers in loess with horizontal ground conditions. It is indicated that the additional embedment of the foundation in a sloping ground can result in an increase in the relative stiffness of the foundation-soil system, though the presence of the slope may result in a decrease in the relative stiffness of the foundation-soil system. The writers agree that further investigations on the subject of structure behavior in response to foundation movement may be of much help.
Assessment of NETest Clinical Utility in a U.S. Registry-Based Study
Authors: Liu Eric , Paulson Scott , Gulati Anthony , Freudman Jon , Grosh William , Kafer Sheldon , Wickremesinghe Prasanna C. , Salem Ronald R. , Bodei Lisa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The clinical relevance of molecular biomarkers in oncology management has been recognized in breast and lung cancers. We evaluated a blood-based multigene assay for management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a real-world study (U.S. registry NCT02270567). Diagnostic accuracy and relationship to clinical disease status in two cohorts (treated and watch-and-wait) were evaluated.

Materials and Methods
Patients with NETs (n = 100) were followed for 6–12 months. Patients’ primary tumors were gastroenteropancreatic (68%), lung 20%, and of unknown origin (12%). Characteristics included well-differentiated, low-grade tumors (97%), stage IV disease (96%); treatment with surgery (70%); and drug treatment (56%). NETest was measured at each visit and disease status determined by RECIST. Scores categorized as low (NETest 14%–40%) or high (≥80%) defined disease as stable or progressive. Multivariate analyses determined the strength of the association with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
NETest diagnostic accuracy was 96% and concordant (95%) with image-demonstrable disease. Scores were reproducible (97%) and concordant with clinical status (98%). The NETest was the only feature linked to PFS (odds ratio, 6.1; p &lt; .0001). High NETest correlated with progressive disease (81%; median PFS, 6 months), and low NETest correlated with stable disease (87%; median PFS, not reached). In the watch-and-wait cohort, low NETest was concordant with stable disease in 100% of patients, and high NETest was associated with management changes in 83% of patients. In the treated cohort, all low NETest patients (100%) remained stable. A high NETest was linked to intervention and treatment stabilization (100%). Use of NETest was associated with reduced imaging (biannual to annual) in 36%–38% of patients.

Conclusion
Blood NETest is an accurate diagnostic and can be of use in monitoring disease status and facilitating management change in both watch-and-wait and treatment cohorts.
Using Portfolio Assessment at Lower Secondary Education in Setswana Language Lessons
Authors: Mokibelo Eureka 
Published: August 2018

This study examined practices in academic progress record keeping at Junior Secondary Schools in Botswana in the Setswana language programme. Using the qualitative approach it was observed that students’ academic progress at Junior Secondary Schools were recorded in scheme books with marks written at the back of it, either after an exercise or after writing monthly tests with no evidence produced when necessary during conferencing. The recordings did not show parents, educational officials and learners students’ academic strengths and weaknesses in a particular skill they were supposed to develop in the teaching and learning processes. The study involved in-service teachers at Junior Secondary Schools who were furthering their education at the University of Botswana. A questionnaire with open ended questions and interviews were used to collect data from the participants. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory by considering thematic statements that emerged from key research questions. The findings indicated that the measures used for academic records by teachers were not systematic and effective. The study recommends portfolio assessment not as a means to an end, but as a strategy that can be adopted and used to develop a systematic way of keeping students’ academic records and monitoring their academic growth and development progress.
Problems of Learning Arabic by Non-Arabic Speaking Children: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: El-Omari Abdallah Hussein , Bataineh Hussein Mohammad 
Published: August 2018

The problem of Arabic learning difficulty is amongst the serious problems encountering the educationalists which would be attributed to many reasons. Therefore, this research is about the idea of detecting the real and minute reasons of Arabic learning problems by non-Arabic speaking children. Investigating and detecting these reasons are not the objective and substance of this research, but it is a reasonable method to diagnose the disease and set the proper linguistic cure prescription to extinguish the phenomenon of language weakness of these children. The research deals with linguistic treatment methods of this weakness at different phonetic, semantic, syntactic, morphological and lexical levels and areas. It also deals with solutions, suggestions, and recommendations which would take part in solving the problems of this serious problem.
Análise das demandas judiciais de saúde no Departamento Regional XII - Registro/SP
Authors: Domingues Leticia Florido Povinske , Lisbôa Thalita Santos , Souza Neto Reynaldo Carneiro de , Elias Perceli Gomes , Souza Leoní Adriana de , Pereira Mariana Donato 
Published: August 2018

A gestão de demandas judiciais na saúde representa desafio para a maioria dos municípios brasileiros. Muitos trabalhos descritos na literatura caracterizaram adequadamente o problema e discutiram as repercussões sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a situação dos processos judiciais da saúde na região do Departamento Regional XII – Registro, Estado de São Paulo, avaliando o perfil dos requerentes que pleiteiam em juízo o custeio do tratamento, exame, procedimento ou medicamento. Para isto, foram analisados dados sobre as demandas judiciais na saúde do Departamento Regional de Saúde XII (DRS XII), Registro/SPno período de janeiro de 2009 a outubro de 2015. As variáveis pesquisadas foram gênero, idade, município de origem da ação, doença referida, origem da prescrição, especialidade do prescritor, tipo de ação, ente acionado, ano de entrada da ação e itens solicitados.Foram analisados 38 processos judiciais contra a DRS XII Registro, identificou-se a prevalência do gênero feminino, faixa etária acima de 51 anos e originários do município de Registro. A maioria das ações é de atendimento realizado no Sistema Único de Saúde, por prescritores de especialidade em Clínica Médica e com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus. Os processos foram caracterizados em sua maioria por ações do tipo Rito Ordinário, contra o Estado. Dos processos analisados, 92% solicitavam somente medicamentos e desses 11% solicitaram simultaneamente suplementos como vitaminas e dietas enterais. O volume de pacientes que passaram a ser atendidos por meio de ações judiciais nos três últimos anos atingiu 47% do volume total registrado no período de sete anos analisado, e o gasto aproximado entre 2009 e outubro de 2015 foi R$1.340.000,00. O estudo inédito na Região de Registro contribui para o diagnóstico da judicialização da saúde na área de abrangência do DRS XII. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram predomínio de processos de portadores de Diabetes Mellitus o que reforça a necessidade de discussão de políticas públicas que atendam a necessidade da comunidade, com base nas mudanças geradas pelo aumento das doenças crônicas.
A prática leitora no grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu na década de 1940
Authors: Cruz Paula Lorena Cavalcante Albano da 
Published: August 2018

A escola tem-se constituído importante no desenvolvimento de leitores, pois é tida como uma instituição privilegiada de valorização, formação e consolidação da leitura. A primeira metade do século XX no Brasil foi marcada pela disseminação de escolas primárias através dos grupos escolares, instituições que se apresentaram como vias de alfabetização das crianças brasileiras, ou seja, de inserção no mundo das letras, da leitura. Contudo, percebemos que ainda são escassos os trabalhos que contemplam as pesquisas sobre a prática leitora nas referidas instituições no contexto da História da Leitura. Dessa forma, o presente artigo pretende abordar a temática da leitura, tomando como base o estudo da prática leitora no Grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu durante a década de 1940, período em que se observou um maior desenvolvimento na produção literária, inclusive de livros didáticos, tendo em vista o crescimento expressivo de editoras no Brasil, o que contrastou, porém, com um elevado índice de analfabetismo no país. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar os tipos de leituras ofertadas aos alunos pela referida instituição de ensino e os livros que mais apareciam nas listas para compreensão da finalidade do uso dos livros encontrados na biblioteca escolar, bem como percepção da circulação do material, revelando a relação dos alunos com a leitura. Para a realização desta pesquisa, utilizamos como fonte a relação de bens móveis e os cadastros de empréstimos dos livros do Grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu. Além disso, para a efetivação deste estudo adotamos a perspectiva ada História Cultural, e, de igual modo, estabelecemos diálogo com autores que tratam do assunto, a saber: CHARTIER (2003); DARNTON (2011), CASTRO (2015) e VIDAL (2001). Ao final da pesquisa, concluímos que que no Grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu, em 1940, a prática da leitura era frágil e apresentava muitos desafios quanto a sua consolidação e, mesmo diante das reformas de ensino ocorridas no período e do aumento na produção de livros, o hábito de ler não era uma prática usual dos alunos.