bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind maps for eliciting and assessing plant awareness: A preliminary study on pre‐service teachers
Authors: Eugenio‐Gozalbo Marcia , Ortega‐Cubero Inés , Suárez‐López Rafael 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementTeachers play an indispensable role in promoting citizens' plant awareness. To this end, they need adequate plant knowledge –including classification–, experience in out‐of‐classroom settings, and enthusiasm for plants. With the aim of improving pre‐service teachers' plant awareness, we designed and implemented a didactic sequence including several drawing exercises, prominently botanical illustration, which ran in parallel with a gardening program that provided an outdoor learning experience. Assessment was performed through mind maps and revealed improvements related to knowledge of plants, including morphological knowledge and appreciation of plants' beauty, which may positively influence their teaching practice in the future.Summary
Promoting plant awareness is considered a main goal of biological education. Plant awareness is particularly relevant in teachers, who oversee the botanical education of future generations. The literature highlights the need to develop plant knowledge, experience in outdoor education, and enthusiasm for plants in pre‐service teachers.
We designed a didactic sequence contextualized at an organic garden, constituted by both artistic and scientific activities. The artistic perspective consisted of drawing based on observation (prominently, botanical illustration), with the aim of constructing knowledge on plant morphology, and promoting emotional engagement through appreciation of plants' beauty.
Several instruments were used to collect information on initial ideas and the process of learning, outstandingly mind maps, a type of multimodal diagram used to represent ideas on a topic by means of drawings and text. A qualitative procedure was developed to analyze them, encompassing three perspectives: information structure, artistic performance (e.g., graphic richness), and scientific performance (plant knowledge, per content categories). Obtained data were subsequently analyzed through statistical tests.
This preliminary study shows that knowledge of plant morphology was developed through botanical illustration, incorporated by pre‐service teachers, and used in final mind maps. Significant improvements were observed in certain dimensions of plant awareness, related to plant knowledge and the aesthetic appreciation of their biological characteristics.
Exploring tropical forest aboveground carbon dynamics via modelled landscapes of varied food production, past and present
Authors: Los Sebastian A. , Winkelmann Ricarda , Roberts Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementContemporary land use studies often place food production in direct conflict with tropical forests, with forest land use for human needs exiting in conflict with carbon‐related forest conservation and biodiversity protection efforts. We highlight the more nuanced, mixed activities possible in the space between primary forest and fixed, monocultures that were, and are, practiced by Indigenous communities from the deep past into the present. Given the increasingly clear importance of the tropics to human history and contemporary human sustainability, this work has key implications for understanding past human‐environment processes, empowering Indigenous stewardship and informing forest conservation policy.Summary
Tropical forests are key components of the global carbon cycle given their considerable carbon stocks. Agriculture is often seen as in major conflict with tropical forests, with carbon budget models highlighting dramatic carbon stock losses with the conversion of land for food. However, these models often focus on monocultural cropping systems, while the archaeological and historical records highlight more varied forms of food production in tropical forests from at least 8,000 years ago.
Here we develop a simple model to simulate relative aboveground carbon (AGC) values for a tropical forest anthrome with varied food production practices. We examine past examples of tropical land use activities including understory thinning, selective agroforestry and various swidden patterns. We compare these to old‐growth forests, open cropping and plantation systems.
Results highlight the importance of retaining large trees to AGC. Understory thinning practices have a limited effect on AGC by mainly impacting small trees. Regular, short fallow swidden drastically reduces AGC, while irregular, long fallow swidden can maintain AGC half that of old growth forest.
A mosaic landscape of forest food production can maintain much higher long‐term mean AGC values than is typically assumed for carbon budgets of past land use.
Different Aspects of COVID‐19: “Stay at Home” Increased Cat and Mite Sensitivity in Preschool Children
Authors: Karavaizoglu Cagla , Suleyman Ayse , Dolu Kazım Okan , Yucel Esra , Demirkale Zeynep Hızlı , Ozdemir Cevdet , Tamay Zeynep Ulker 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndoor allergen exposure and senitization is expected to increase significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this altered allergen exposure on allergen sensitivity patterns in children with asthma.MethodsDemographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings of asthmatic children aged 5 years and younger were assessed May 2019 to May 2020, 1 year after the start of lockdown measures. Those asthmatic children were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched asthmatic peers assessed before the pandemic. Group I included asthmatic children who underwent skin testing within 12 months of the start of the lockdown (n = 112), while Group II included asthmatic children whose skin testing was done before the lockdown (n = 224).ResultsA total of 336 preschool children diagnosed with asthma were evaluated. House dust mite (HDM) and animal dander (cat, dog) senitization rates were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (66.1% vs. 42.9%; OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6–4.1, p < 0.001 and 8.0% vs. 1.3%; OR: 6.4, CI: 1.7–24.2, p = 0.006, respectively). However, the number of asthma attacks requiring systemic corticosteroid treatment was higher in Group I than in Group II (p = 0.001). The duration of lockdown emerged as a significant risk factor for HDM senitization (p < 0.001, OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6–4.1) and animal allergen senitization (p = 0.006, OR: 6.4, 95% CI: 1.7–27.3).ConclusionDuring the pandemic, senitization to indoor allergens, including HDM and animal dander, increased significantly in asthmatic children. This may be attributed to changes in lifestyle, increased time spent indoors and increased pet ownership.
Effect of Boron‐Aluminium Particles on Rheological Properties of AP/HTPB Based Bi‐Curative Composite Solid Propellants
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Bilal Khan Niazi Muhammad , Jahan Zaib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPropellants with Boron‐Aluminium fuels are of interest as they exhibit high energy densities when compared to various other fuels. The effect of aluminium (Al) and aminopropyl triethoxy silane functionalized amorphous micron‐sized boron (APTES−B) on the rheological properties of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based bi‐curative composite solid propellant (CSP) has been investigated in the present work. Numerous CSP formulations were prepared in which Al contents were reduced from 21% to 10%, while APTES−B contents were increased from 0% to 11%. The major constituents include AP as oxidizer, HTPB as binder fuel, TDI and IPDI as curing agents, MAPO as bonding agent, PPD as antioxidant and TBFE as burning rate modifier. The CSP slurry exhibited non‐Newtonian, shear‐thinning flow behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer were used to analyse the size, shape and surface morphology of Al, raw amorphous B and APTES−B particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided insights into the surface functionalization of B with APTES. The rheological properties were evaluated using a rotational rheometer. The effects of B−Al particle loading on the viscosity, shear stress and shear rate were investigated. The CSP formulation code P6, with an Al content of 16% and B content of 5%, emerged as the most optimal mix due to its optimal processability. The results are expected to provide useful inputs for optimizing the propellant composition and processing characteristics to obtain enhanced performance in terms of rheology of propellant.
Path Planning for Multiple Targets for Cannula Flexible Needle With Variable‐Curvature Trajectories
Authors: Zhang He , Zhao Yan‐Jiang , Zhang Yong‐De , Wang Lei , Jin Ye‐Xin , Pei Yan‐Yi , Gao Hui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSaturated biopsy is widely used in a histopathological examination of prostate biopsy surgery by expanding the target regions and the increasing the number of insertions.MethodsThe paper proposed a path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry for a cannula flexible needle with variable curvatures. The algorithm is based on modified rapidly‐exploring random trees (RRTs), and the variable‐curvature motions of the flexible needle are used to achieve optimal path.ResultsThe simulation results show that the algorithm has a better form of the paths. The experimental results of five trials showed that the error was 1.42 ± 1.57 mm (mean ± RMSE), and the maximum error was 1.8 mm, which proves high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry.ConclusionsThis research provides a new solution for prostate saturated biopsy surgery and has high value in future clinical application.
A Novel Synthesis of a Calix [4] Arene, MIL‐101(Fe), and Copper(II) Oxide Nanocomposite (Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO): Synthesis, Characterization, Degradation, and Pollutant Removal Ability
Authors: Khodayari Jalil , Zare Karim , Moradi Omid , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDyes are organic compounds. Azo dyes, as the most important dyes, are usually synthesized and reduced after entering the human body, turning into mutagenic and carcinogenic amines. A new efficient composite containing calix [4] arene (Calix), metal‐organic framework (MIL‐101(Fe)), and copper(II) oxide (Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO) was synthesized and utilized for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG). The dye removal efficiency was 17% for Calix, 56% for CuO, 64% for MIL‐101(Fe), and 98.8% for the Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO composite using LED visible light. The degradation of MG by Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO using different doses, including 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg, was 8%, 64%, 75%, 85%, and 98.8%, respectively. The degradation kinetic rate constants for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg of Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO were 0.0134, 0.1086, 0.1182, 0.1308, and 0.1727 (zero‐order rate), 5E‐04, 0.007, 0.008, 0.011, and 0.023 (first‐order rate), and 4E‐05, 0.0007, 0.001, 0.0017, and 0.0211 (second‐order rate), respectively. The MG degradation kinetics obeyed the zero‐order model. The Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO exhibited high reusability for MG degradation. The results suggest that Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO could serve as an alternative photocatalyst for the degradation of contaminants in aqueous media.
Endocytic Uptake of Self‐Assembled Iridium(III) Nanoaggregates for Holistic Treatment of Metastatic 3D Triple‐Negative Breast Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Chaudhary Ayushi , Kumar Ashwini , Swain Nikhil , Chaudhary Kajal , Sonker Himanshu , Dewan Sayari , Patil Rutwik Anil , Singh Ritika Gautam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a formidable challenge due to its aggressive behavior and limited array of treatment options available. This study focuses on employing nanoaggregate material of organometallic Ir(III) complexes for treating TNBC cell line MDA‐MB‐231. In this approach, Ir(III) complexes with enhanced cellular permeability are strategically designed and achieved through the incorporation of COOMe groups into their structure. The lead compound, IrL1, exhibits promiscuous nanoscale aggregation in RPMI cell culture media, characterized by a stable hydrodynamic effective diameter ranging from 190 to 202 nm over 48 h. With excellent photo‐responsive contrast‐enhanced cell imaging properties IrL1 exhibits an outstanding IC50, 48h value of 36.05± 0.03 nm when irradiated with 390 nm light in MDA‐MB‐231 (IC50, 48 h of Cisplatin is 5.29 µµ). In cell, investigation confirms that IrL1 nanoaggregates internalization via energy‐dependent endocytosis undergo ferroptosis and ROS mediated cell death in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Further, these in vivo studies using NOD‐SCID mice confirmed that IrL1 exhibits a tendency to ablate tumors inoculated in mice models at therapeutically relevant doses. Thus, this comprehensive approach holds promise for expanding the repertoire of organometallic Ir(III) nanoaggregates with adaptable characteristics, thereby advancing their clinical utility of nanomedicine in the holistic treatment of metastatic 3D triple‐negative breast tumor spheroids.
Polar 3D Perovskitiod Constructed by Asymmetric Diamine for Stable Self‐Driven X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wang Ailin , Zhang Chengshu , Guan Qianwen , Ye Huang , Li Ruiqing , Li Hang , Geng Yaru , Qu Chang , Wang Zirui , Ji Chengmin , Luo Junhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolar 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) with the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) have important application value in self‐driven X‐ray detection, due to their excellent semiconductor properties. However, A‐site cations are limited by the tolerance factor, making it difficult to construct ABX3‐type polar 3D perovskites. Therefore, it is necessary to explore polar 3D perovskitiods with excellent semiconductor properties for self‐driven X‐ray detection. Herein, by introducing an asymmetric diamine 3‐methylaminopropylamine (3‐MAPA) cation, a polar 3D perovskitiod, (3‐MAPA)Pb2Br6 (1) is successfully constructed. Specifically, the dipole‐oriented arrangement and intrinsic polarity of 3‐MAPA cations endow a non‐centrosymmetric structure of 1 single crystal (SC). Notably, under X‐ray irradiation, the polar 1 SC exhibits a remarkable bulk photovoltaic of 0.8 V, which is beneficial for self‐driven X‐ray detection. Consequently, the 1‐based detector shows a sensitivity of 101 µC Gy−1 s−1 and a low detection limit of 189 nGy s−1 at 0 V bias. Meanwhile, 1 SC‐based X‐ray detector exhibits less ion migration due to the abundant N─H···Br hydrogen bonding interaction within the structure, leading to a smaller dark current drift, which supports stable X‐ray detection. This study attains stable self‐driven X‐ray detection based on polar 3D perovskitiods, which enriches the candidates for self‐driven X‐ray detectors.
Unraveling the Electron Transport Propellant Mechanism of Oxygen Vacancy for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Tang Junheng , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Xuanyi , Wu Siqi , Zhu Jiawei , Wang Xinping , Wang Tianshi , Chi Jingqi , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrently, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater still faces problems such as low catalyst activity and Cl− poisoning of active sites. In this work, an electron transfer facilitator of oxygen vacancies is introduced as a driving force for electronic transmission, which enhances the electron‐metal‐support interactions (EMSI) effect while introducing a charge protective layer, realizing killing two birds with one stone. In situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the EMSI effect enhances the H* transfer step at the interface. At the same time, due to oxygen vacancies for the enhanced EMSI, Ru forms an electron‐rich layer, avoiding the poison of Cl− on active sites in seawater for HER. As a result, the Ru/Ni(OH)2‐x has an overpotential of only 156 mV at a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 in alkaline seawater. After assembling anion‐exchange‐membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE), the Ru/Ni(OH)2‐x has a flat efficiency of ≈70% at different current densities, low energy consumption and price of per gallon gas equivalent (GGE) H2 produced. Owning to the well Cl− tolerance, the catalyst also maintains long‐term stability at 0.5 A cm−2, indicating its great potential for industrial feasibility.
Utilization of Three‐Dimensional Electron Diffraction for Structure Determination of Extra‐Large‐Pore Zeolites
Authors: Zhang Zhenghan , Lin Cong , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of extra‐large‐pore (ELP) zeolites is crucial for industries of petrochemical catalysis, notably in processes like diesel cracking and hydrocracking of multi‐carbon hydrocarbon substrates. The catalytic performance and selectivity of these zeolites depend heavily on their specific porous structures, making precise structure determination highly essential for understanding their properties and functionalities. However, the complex structures of ELP zeolites pose significant challenges for characterization. Three‐dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) has emerged as a leading technique for studying zeolites as it does not require large crystals or pure samples. This review provides an overview of the development and application of 3DED for elucidating ELP zeolite structures. It begins with a summary of zeolites and their structural determination methods, followed by a detailed discussion of the principles and benefits of 3DED, the ELP zeolites discovered to date, and the specific applications and findings by 3DED. Additionally, the review anticipates that combining 3DED with other advanced techniques will enhance the understanding of ELP zeolites, including aspects like heteroatom doping, host‐guest interactions, framework flexibility, and detailed structural characterization. This integration is expected to lead to innovations in the development and application of ELP zeolites.
One‐Step Nanoimprinting of Fe2O3/AgBr Thin Films for Dark‐Light Active Antibiofilm and Bacterial‐Free Cell Culture Surfaces
Authors: Thakur Anindita , Singh Shivani , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Ray Dutta Jayati 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe resuscitation of bacteria through biofilms presents a critical challenge in controlling microbial pathogenesis and addressing antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antibiofilm activity, particularly on frequently contacted surfaces, is therefore critical. In this study, a scalable is introduced, one‐step fabrication of Fe2O3/AgBr nanoimprints using a polymerizable sol–gel (PSG) approach to create functional nanostructured thin films with strong antimicrobial properties. Fe2O3, a visible‐light photocatalyst, is coupled with AgBr, a photosensitizer and dark‐active antimicrobial, forming a heterojunction that demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida under both dark and light conditions. The heterojunctions exhibit significant biofilm inhibition in the dark, particularly against the robust biofilm‐forming P. putida, while visible light irradiation ensures complete biofilm clearance. These surfaces also achieve optimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, selectively targeting bacteria without compromising the integrity of mammalian cells. The biocompatibility is confirmed through MTT, TBARS, and apoptosis assays, demonstrating the non‐cytotoxic nature of the substrates. Moreover, the surfaces enable cell patterning and recovery of mammalian cells from microbial contamination, highlighting their potential in creating bacterial‐free environments for cell culture. This innovative method offers a promising route to next‐generation, self‐cleaning antimicrobial coatings, combining continuous biofilm inhibition with excellent biocompatibility and scalability.
Electrochemical Liquid Phase TEM in Aqueous Electrolytes for Energy Applications: the Role of Liquid Flow Configuration
Authors: Bejtka Katarzyna , Fontana Marco , Gho Cecilia Irene , Merkens Stefan , Chuvilin Andrey , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Chiodoni Angelica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochemical liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (EC‐LPTEM) is an invaluable tool for investigating the structural and morphological properties of functional materials in electrochemical systems for energy transition. Despite its potential, standardized experimental protocols and a consensus on data interpretation are lacking, due to a variety of commercial and customized electrical and microfluidic configurations. Given the small size of a typical electrochemical cell used in these experiments, frequent electrolyte renewal is crucial to minimize local chemical alterations from reactions and radiolysis. This study explores the effects of modifying the flow configuration within the liquid cell under experimental conditions relevant for energy applications in aqueous‐based electrolytes, revealing how changes in mass transport dynamics drastically influence the electrochemical response of the cell. Two different cell designs are compared: convection‐ and diffusion–governed. Ex situ and in situ comparative flow experiments show that the diffusion cell mitigates gas bubbles formation and improves removal of gaseous products. The electrodeposition of Zn nanostructures and the characterization of a Cu‐based catalyst are presented as proof‐of‐concept experiments for energy storage and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) applications, respectively. The reported findings demonstrate that controlling mass transport in the liquid cell setup is crucial to obtain reliable operando experimental electrochemical conditions.
Family of Hermite Polynomials Adapted to Mixture Experiments With Random Perturbations in the Directional Effects of the Components
Authors: Mafra Daniela A. , Zarzar Carlos A. , Calcagnoto Laryssa R. , Cirillo Marcelo A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the modelling of mixture designs, the use of the trace plot graph stands out, enabling the researcher to analyse the directional effects of the mixture in relation to a specific reference point. By fitting the Scheffé linear model, these directional effects are represented linearly, devoid of random oscillations, except for the experimental error imposed by the model. Consequently, the estimations of the directional effects remain unaffected by complex interactions that could indicate disturbances. Based on this rationale, the objective of this study is to propose a family of parameterizations capable of capturing the random oscillations disregarded by the Scheffé model. These parameterizations rely on orthogonal Hermite polynomials, employed in constructing an additional multiplicative term for the Scheffé model, referred to as the ‘perturbation term’. The application of this model for the graphical study of directional effects has proven to be a qualitative technique of straightforward implementation and efficacy in assessing the reliability of experimental data.