bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unfolded protein response alongside the diauxic shift of yeast cells and its involvement in mitochondria enlargement
Authors: Tran Duc Minh , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Mai Thanh Chi , Kubo Minoru , Kimata Yukio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUpon dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), eukaryotic cells evoke the unfolded protein response (UPR), which, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisaie cells, is promoted by the ER-located transmembrane endoribonuclease Ire1. When activated, Ire1 splices and matures the HAC1 mRNA which encodes a transcription-factor protein that is responsible for the gene induction of the UPR. Here we propose that this signaling pathway is also used in cellular adaptation upon diauxic shift, in which cells shift from fermentative phase (fast growth) to mitochondrial respiration phase (slower growth). Splicing of the HAC1 mRNA was induced upon diauxic shift of cells cultured in glucose-based media or in cells transferred from glucose-based medium to non-fermentable glycerol-based medium. Activation of Ire1 in this situation was not due to ER accumulation of unfolded proteins, and was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of aerobic respiration. Here we also show that the UPR induced by diauxic shift causes enlargement of the mitochondria, and thus contributes to cellular growth under non-fermentative conditions, in addition to transcriptional induction of the canonical UPR target genes, which includes those encoding ER-located molecular chaperones and protein-folding enzymes.
Detecting Crystallographic Lattice Chirality using Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Mongan Sean , Huang Zengye , Datta Trinanjan , Nomura Takuji , Yao Dao-Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe control and detection of crystallographic chirality is an important and challenging scientific problem. Chirality has wide ranging implications from medical physics to cosmology including an intimate but subtle connection in magnetic systems, for example Mn1−xFexSi. X-ray diffraction techniques with resonant or polarized variations of the experimental setup are currently utilized to characterize lattice chirality. We demonstrate using theoretical calculations the feasibility of indirect K –edge bimagnon resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum as a viable experimental technique to distinguish crystallographic handedness. We apply spin wave theory to the recently discovered √5 × √5 vacancy ordered chalcogenide Rb0.89Fe1.58Se2 for realistic X-ray experimental set up parameters (incoming energy, polarization, Bragg angle, and experimental resolution) to show that the computed RIXS spectrum is sensitive to the underlying handedness (right or left) of the lattice. A Flack parameter definition that incorporates the right- and left- chiral lattice RIXS response is introduced. It is shown that the RIXS response of the multiband magnon system RbFeSe arises both from inter- and intra- band scattering processes. The extinction or survival of these RIXS peaks are sensitive to the underlying chiral lattice orientation. This in turn allows for the identification of the two chiral lattice orientations.
Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Non-cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Shin Beomsu , Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee , Kang Hyung Koo , Chon Hae Ri , Kim Jung Soo , Park Hye Yun , Lee Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite a substantial population of patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern, few studies have evaluated postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after non-cardiothoracic surgery in these patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 681 adults with a normal or restrictive spirometric pattern who were referred for preoperative evaluation of PPC risk before non-cardiothoracic surgery between March 2014 and January 2015. Overall, 8.7% (59/681) of study participants developed a PPC following non-cardiothoracic surgery. The occurrence of PPCs in patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern was higher than that in those with normal spirometry (12.4% [35/282] vs. 6.0% [24/399],P = 0.003). The occurrence of PPCs increased across the categories of restrictive spirometric pattern severity (6.0% with a normal spirometric pattern vs. 6.5% with a mild restrictive spirometric pattern [60 ≤ forced vital capacity (FVC) < 80% predicted] vs. 21.2% with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern [FVC < 60% predicted], P for trend test < 0.001). The length of hospital stay (Pfor trend = 0.002) was longer, and all-cause mortality at 30 days (Pfor trend = 0.008) and 90 days (Pfor trend = 0.001) was higher across the restrictive spirometric pattern severity. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern was associated with a higher risk of PPCs compared with a normal spirometric pattern (adjusted odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.22–5.67). The incidence of PPCs in patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern was higher than that in those with a normal spirometric pattern, especially in patients with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern. Patients with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern should be regarded as high risk for developing PPCs following non-cardiothoracic surgery.
Some Effects of Different Constitutive Laws on FSI Simulation for the Mitral Valve
Authors: Cai Li , Wang Ying , Gao Hao , Ma Xingshuang , Zhu Guangyu , Zhang Ruihang , Shen Xiaoqin , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, three different constitutive laws for mitral leaflets and two laws for chordae tendineae are selected to study their effects on mitral valve dynamics with fluid-structure interaction. We first fit these three mitral leaflet constitutive laws and two chordae tendineae laws with experimental data. The fluid-structure interaction is implemented in an immersed boundary framework with finite element extension for solid, that is the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element(IB/FE) method. We specifically compare the fluid-structure results of different constitutive laws since fluid-structure interaction is the physiological loading environment. This allows us to look at the peak jet velocity, the closure regurgitation volume, and the orifice area. Our numerical results show that different constitutive laws can affect mitral valve dynamics, such as the transvalvular flow rate, closure regurgitation and the orifice area, while the differences in fiber strain and stress are insignificant because all leaflet constitutive laws are fitted to the same set of experimental data. In addition, when an exponential constitutive law of chordae tendineae is used, a lower closure regurgitation flow is observed compared to that of a linear material model. In conclusion, combining numerical dynamic simulations and static experimental tests, we are able to identify suitable constitutive laws for dynamic behaviour of mitral leaflets and chordae under physiological conditions.
Roadmap to Local Tumour Growth: Insights from Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kubitschke Hans , Wolf Benjamin , Morawetz Erik , Horn Lars-Christian , Aktas Bahriye , Behn Ulrich , Höckel Michael , Käs Josef 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWide tumour excision is currently the standard approach to surgical treatment of solid cancers including carcinomas of the lower genital tract. This strategy is based on the premise that tumours exhibit isotropic growth potential. We reviewed and analysed local tumour spreading patterns in 518 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix who underwent surgical tumour resection. Based on data obtained from pathological examination of the surgical specimen, we applied computational modelling techniques to simulate local tumour spread in order to identify parameters influencing preferred infiltration patterns and used area-proportional Euler diagrams to detect and confirm ordered patterns of tumour spread. Some anatomical structures, e.g. tissues of the urinary bladder, were significantly more likely to be infiltrated than other structures, e.g. the ureter and the rectum. Computational models assuming isotropic growth could not explain these infiltration patterns. Introducing ontogenetic distance of a tissue relative to the uterine cervix as a parameter led to accurate predictions of the clinically observed infiltration likelihoods. The clinical data indicates that successive infiltration likelihoods of ontogenetically distant tissues are nearly perfect subsets of ontogenetically closer tissues. The prevailing assumption of isotropic tumour extension has significant shortcomings in the case of cervical cancer. Rather, cervical cancer spread seems to follow ontogenetically defined trajectories.
Symmetry-protected metallic and topological phases in penta-materials
Authors: Bravo Sergio , Correa Julián , Chico Leonor , Pacheco Mónica 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe analyze the symmetry and topological features of a family of materials closely related to penta-graphene, derived from it by adsorption or substitution of different atoms. Our description is based on a novel approach, called topological quantum chemistry, that allows to characterize the topology of the electronic bands, based on the mapping between real and reciprocal space. In particular, by adsorption of alkaline (Li or Na) atoms we obtain a nodal line metal at room temperature, with a continuum of Dirac points around the perimeter of the Brillouin zone. This behavior is also observed in some substitutional derivatives of penta-graphene, such as penta-PC2. Breaking of time-reversal symmetry can be achieved by the use of magnetic atoms; we study penta-MnC2, which also presents spin-orbit coupling and reveals a Chern insulator phase. We find that for this family of materials, symmetry is the source of protection for metallic and nontrivial topological phases that can be associated to the presence of fractional band filling, spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry breaking.
Chronic, but not acute, fatigue predicts self-reported attentional driving errors in mothers attending infant children
Authors: Sánchez-García Mar , Valero-Mora Pedro M. , Carvajal Eva , Sanmartín Jaime 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMothers attending infant children usually experience high levels of fatigue, and fatigue has been shown to be related to car crashes through attentional errors, among other causes. The current study investigates the effects of fatigue on the attentional errors while driving of women attending infant children. A sample of 112 women—67 attending infant children and 45 not attending—filled out self-report questionnaires assessing acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and attention-related driving errors. A mediational analysis showed that women attending infant children had higher levels of fatigue, and that chronic fatigue, but not acute fatigue, was related to attentional errors while driving.
Hyperoxia but not AOX expression mitigates pathological cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dhandapani Praveen K. , Begines-Moreno Isabel M. , Brea-Calvo Gloria , Gärtner Ulrich , Graeber Thomas G. , Javier Sanchez Gerardo , Morty Rory E. , Schönig Kai , Hoeve Johanna ten , Wietelmann Astrid , Braun Thomas , Jacobs Howard T. , Szibor Marten 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConstitutive expression of the chemokine Mcp1 in mouse cardiomyocytes creates a model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with death from heart failure at age 7–8 months. A critical pathogenic role has previously been proposed for induced oxidative stress, involving NADPH oxidase activation. To test this idea, we exposed the mice to elevated oxygen levels. Against expectation, this prevented, rather than accelerated, the ultrastructural and functional signs of heart failure. This result suggests that the immune signaling initiated by Mcp1 leads instead to the inhibition of cellular oxygen usage, for which mitochondrial respiration is an obvious target. To address this hypothesis, we combined the Mcp1 model with xenotopic expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX), which provides a sink for electrons blocked from passage to oxygen via respiratory complexes III and IV. Ubiquitous AOX expression provided only a minor delay to cardiac functional deterioration and did not prevent the induction of markers of cardiac and metabolic remodeling considered a hallmark of the model. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific AOX expression resulted in exacerbation of Mcp1-induced heart failure, and failed to rescue a second cardiomyopathy model directly involving loss of cIV. Our findings imply that mitochondrial involvement in the pathology of inflammatory cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and complex.
Application of the deep learning for the prediction of rainfall in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Yen Meng-Hua , Liu Ding-Wei , Hsin Yi-Chia , Lin Chu-En , Chen Chii-Chang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrecipitation is useful information for assessing vital water resources, agriculture, ecosystems and hydrology. Data-driven model predictions using deep learning algorithms are promising for these purposes. Echo state network (ESN) and Deep Echo state network (DeepESN), referred to as Reservoir Computing (RC), are effective and speedy algorithms to process a large amount of data. In this study, we used the ESN and the DeepESN algorithms to analyze the meteorological hourly data from 2002 to 2014 at the Tainan Observatory in the southern Taiwan. The results show that the correlation coefficient by using the DeepESN was better than that by using the ESN and commercial neuronal network algorithms (Back-propagation network (BPN) and support vector regression (SVR), MATLAB, The MathWorks co.), and the accuracy of predicted rainfall by using the DeepESN can be significantly improved compared with those by using ESN, the BPN and the SVR. In sum, the DeepESN is a trustworthy and good method to predict rainfall; it could be applied to global climate forecasts which need high-volume data processing.
Real-world data on T-DM1 efficacy – results of a single-center retrospective study of HER2-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Hardy-Werbin Max , Quiroga Vanesa , Cirauqui Beatriz , Romeo Margarita , Felip Eudald , Teruel Iris , Garcia Juan Jose , Erasun Carlos , España Sofia , Cucurull Marc , Montprade Elisabeth , Pardo Juan Carlos , Carballo Dania , Velarde Jose Maria , Margeli Mireia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractT-DM1 is an antibody drug conjugate that combines trastuzumab with emtansine via a stable thioether linker. In two phase III clinical trials, EMILIA and TH3RESA, T-DM1 was shown to be effective in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who had progressed to taxanes and trastuzumab. We have performed a real-world study to complement the findings of the clinical trials. From 2012 to 2016, 15 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who had progressed to prior treatment received T-DM1 at our center. We have retrospectively analyzed outcomes in these patients and compared our findings with those of the two clinical trials. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 months compared with the 9.6 months of the EMILIA trial and the 6.2 months of the TH3RESA trial, overall survival was 34 months compared with the 29.9 months of the EMILIA trial and the 22.7 months of the TH3RESA trial. PFS was ≥12 months in five patients, three of whom attained a PFS of ≥23 months. Among five patients with metastases of the central nervous system, PFS was six months, OS was not reached, and the objective response rate was 80%. Our findings are in line with those of the EMILIA study and slightly superior to those of the TH3RESA study. In our series of patients, T-DM1 has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Our real-world data thus confirm and support the findings of the two major phase III trials and indicate the usefulness of T-DM1 in routine clinical practice.
Prior physical synchrony enhances rapport and inter-brain synchronization during subsequent educational communication
Authors: Nozawa Takayuki , Sakaki Kohei , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Yamazaki Shohei , Kawata Kelssy Hitomi dos Santos , Kawata Natasha Yuriko dos Santos , Sasaki Yukako , Kulason Kay , Hirano Kanan , Miyake Yoshihiro , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhysical synchrony has been suggested to have positive effects on not only concurrent but also subsequent communication, but the underlying neural processes are unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, we tested the effects of preceding physical synchrony on subsequent dyadic teaching-learning communication. Thirty-two pairs of participants performed two experimental sessions. In each session, they underwent a rhythmic arm movement block with synchronous or asynchronous conditions, and then taught/learned unknown words to/from each other according to a given scenario. Neural activities in their medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured and inter-brain synchronization (IBS) during the teaching-learning blocks was evaluated. Participants rated their subjective rapport during the teaching-learning blocks, and took a word memory test. The analyses revealed that (1) prior physical synchrony enhanced teacher-learner rapport; (2) prior physical synchrony also enhanced IBS in the lateral PFC; and (3) IBS changes correlated positively with rapport changes. Physical synchrony did however not affect word memory performance. These results suggest that IBS can be useful to measure the effects of social-bonding facilitation activities for educational communication.
Optical vacuum cleaner by optomechanical manipulation of nanoparticles using nanostructured mesoscale dielectric cuboid
Authors: Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V. , Cao Yinghui , Liu Zhenyu , Geints Yuri E. , Karabchevsky Alina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere, we propose the concept of an “optical vacuum cleaner” for optomechanical manipulation of nanoparticles. We utilize a dielectric cuboid to generate an optical gradient force exerted on the nanoparticles for particle’s hovering and trapping. We show that the permittivity contrast between the particle and the nanohole leads to the deep subwavelength light confinement and enhancement at the opening of the nanohole located at the shadow surface of the particle. The proposed “optical vacuum cleaner” can be utilized in optomechanical manipulations on particles such as noble metal nanoparticles adsorbed on surfaces or controlling the particles taking part in cellular uptake.
Secured regions of interest (SROIs) in single-pixel imaging
Authors: Ye Zhiyuan , Su Bo , Qiu Panghe , Gao Wenxiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle-pixel imaging, which is also known as computational ghost imaging, can reconstruct an entire image using one non-spatially resolved detector. However, it often requires a large amount of sampling, severely limiting its application. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of secured regions of interest (SROIs) in single-pixel imaging and illustrate its application using two experiments. Under a limited number of sampling times, we improved the resolution and recovered spectral information of interest in the ROI. Meanwhile, this scheme has high information security with high encryption and has great potential for single-pixel video and compressive multi-spectral single-pixel imaging.
Temporal-specific complexity of spiking patterns in spontaneous activity induced by a dual complex network structure
Authors: Nobukawa Sou , Nishimura Haruhiko , Yamanishi Teruya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTemporal fluctuation of neural activity in the brain has an important function in optimal information processing. Spontaneous activity is a source of such fluctuation. The distribution of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) between cortical pyramidal neurons can follow a log-normal distribution. Recent studies have shown that networks connected by weak synapses exhibit characteristics of a random network, whereas networks connected by strong synapses have small-world characteristics of small path lengths and large cluster coefficients. To investigate the relationship between temporal complexity spontaneous activity and structural network duality in synaptic connections, we executed a simulation study using the leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neural network with log-normal synaptic weight distribution for the EPSPs and duality of synaptic connectivity, depending on synaptic weight. We conducted multiscale entropy analysis of the temporal spiking activity. Our simulation demonstrated that, when strong synaptic connections approach a small-world network, specific spiking patterns arise during irregular spatio-temporal spiking activity, and the complexity at the large temporal scale (i.e., slow frequency) is enhanced. Moreover, we confirmed through a surrogate data analysis that slow temporal dynamics reflect a deterministic process in the spiking neural networks. This modelling approach may improve the understanding of the spatio-temporal complex neural activity in the brain.
Quantifying the randomness of the stock markets
Authors: Delgado-Bonal Alfonso 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRandomness has been mathematically defined and quantified in time series using algorithms such as Approximate Entropy (ApEn). Even though ApEn is independent of any model and can be used with any time series, as the markets have different statistical values, it cannot be applied directly to make comparisons between series of financial data. In this paper, we develop further the use of Approximate Entropy to quantify the existence of patterns in evolving data series, defining a measure to allow comparisons between time series and epochs using a maximum entropy approach. We apply the methodology to the stock markets as an example of its application, showing that the number of patterns changed for the six analyzed markets depending on the economic situation, in agreement with the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis.
Improved calculation of warming-equivalent emissions for short-lived climate pollutants
Authors: Cain Michelle , Lynch John , Allen Myles R. , Fuglestvedt Jan S. , Frame David J. , Macey Adrian H 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic global warming at a given time is largely determined by the cumulative total emissions (or stock) of long-lived climate pollutants (LLCPs), predominantly carbon dioxide (CO2), and the emission rates (or flow) of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) immediately prior to that time. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), reporting of greenhouse gas emissions has been standardised in terms of CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) emissions using Global Warming Potentials (GWP) over 100-years, but the conventional usage of GWP does not adequately capture the different behaviours of LLCPs and SLCPs, or their impact on global mean surface temperature. An alternative usage of GWP, denoted GWP*, overcomes this problem by equating an increase in the emission rate of an SLCP with a one-off “pulse” emission of CO2. We show that this approach, while an improvement on the conventional usage, slightly underestimates the impact of recent increases in SLCP emissions on current rates of warming because the climate does not respond instantaneously to radiative forcing. We resolve this with a modification of the GWP* definition, which incorporates a term for each of the short-timescale and long-timescale climate responses to changes in radiative forcing. The amended version allows “CO2-warming-equivalent” (CO2-we) emissions to be calculated directly from reported emissions. Thus SLCPs can be incorporated directly into carbon budgets consistent with long-term temperature goals, because every unit of CO2-we emitted generates approximately the same amount of warming, whether it is emitted as a SLCP or a LLCP. This is not the case for conventionally derived CO2-e.