bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of periaxin (PRX) specifically in the human cerebrovascular system: PDZ domain-mediated strengthening of endothelial barrier function
Authors: Wang Michael M. , Zhang Xiaojie , Lee Soo Jung , Maripudi Snehaa , Keep Richard F. , Johnson Allison M. , Stamatovic Svetlana M. , Andjelkovic Anuska V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRegulation of cerebral endothelial cell function plays an essential role in changes in blood-brain barrier permeability. Proteins that are important for establishment of endothelial tight junctions have emerged as critical molecules, and PDZ domain containing-molecules are among the most important. We have discovered that the PDZ-domain containing protein periaxin (PRX) is expressed in human cerebral endothelial cells. Surprisingly, PRX protein is not detected in brain endothelium in other mammalian species, suggesting that it could confer human-specific vascular properties. In endothelial cells, PRX is predominantly localized to the nucleus and not tight junctions. Transcriptome analysis shows that PRX expression suppresses, by at least 50%, a panel of inflammatory markers, of which 70% are Type I interferon response genes; only four genes were significantly activated by PRX expression. When expressed in mouse endothelial cells, PRX strengthens barrier function, significantly increases transendothelial electrical resistance (~35%; p < 0.05), and reduces the permeability of a wide range of molecules. The PDZ domain of PRX is necessary and sufficient for its barrier enhancing properties, since a splice variant (S-PRX) that contains only the PDZ domain, also increases barrier function. PRX also attenuates the permeability enhancing effects of lipopolysaccharide. Collectively, these studies suggest that PRX could potentially regulate endothelial homeostasis in human cerebral endothelial cells by modulating inflammatory gene programs.
Motor-like DNA motion due to an ATP-hydrolyzing protein under nanoconfinement
Authors: Roushan Maedeh , Azad Zubair , Movahed Saeid , Ray Paul D. , Livshits Gideon I. , Lim Shuang Fang , Weninger Keith R. , Riehn Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report that long double-stranded DNA confined to quasi-1D nanochannels undergoes superdiffusive motion under the action of the enzyme T4 DNA ligase in the presence of necessary co-factors. Inside the confined environment of the nanochannel, double-stranded DNA molecules stretch out due to self-avoiding interactions. In absence of a catalytically active enzyme, we see classical diffusion of the center of mass. However, cooperative interactions of proteins with the DNA can lead to directed motion of DNA molecules inside the nanochannel. Here we show directed motion in this configuration for three different proteins (T4 DNA ligase, MutS, E. coli DNA ligase) in the presence of their energetic co-factors (ATP, NAD+).
Identification of pathways and genes associated with synovitis in osteoarthritis using bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Huang Hui , Zheng Jiaxuan , Shen Ningjiang , Wang Guangji , Zhou Gang , Fang Yehan , Lin Jianping , Zhao Jianning 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSynovitis in osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common condition. However, its underlying mechanism is still not well understood. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of synovitis in OA. The gene expression profile GSE82107 (downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database) included 10 synovial tissues of the OA patients and 7 synovial tissues of healthy people. Subsequently, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, GO (gene ontology) enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, pathway network analysis, and gene signal network analysis were performed using Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information (GCBI). A total of 1,941 DEGs consisting of 1,471 upregulated genes and 470 downregulated genes were determined. Genes such as PSMG3, LRP12 MIA-RAB4B, ETHE1, SFXN1, DAZAP1, RABEP2, and C9orf16 were significantly regulated in synovitis of OA. In particular, the MAPK signalling pathway, apoptosis, and pathways in cancer played the most important roles in the pathway network. The relationships between these pathways were also analysed. Genes such as NRAS, SPHK2, FOS, CXCR4, PLD1, GNAI2, and PLA2G4F were strongly implicated in synovitis of OA. In summary, this study indicated that several molecular mechanisms were implicated in the development and progression of synovitis in OA, thus improving our understanding of OA and offering molecular targets for future therapeutic advances.
Optimization of growth and production parameters of walnut (Juglans regia) saplings with response surface methodology
Authors: Song Dagang , Pan Kaiwen , Zhang Aiping , Wu Xiaogang , Tariq Akash , Chen Wenkai , Li Zilong , Sun Feng , Sun Xiaoming , Olatunji Olusanya Abiodun , Zhang Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStraw mulching is an effective conservation tillage tool that utilizes waste resources and reduces environmental pollution. To determine the optimal levels of quality, placement and quantity of straw mulching, we performed a field experiment that used the Box–Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. The treatments designed for walnut saplings (Juglans regia) considered three independent variables: quality, placement, and quantity of straw mulching. Tree height of walnut saplings (THW) and net photosynthesis rate (NPR) were used as the response variables in a full, quadratic polynomial model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the selected models were significant (P < 0.05), expressing ideal relationships between the independent and dependent variables (R2 ≥ 0.9225). The optimum conditions for the THW and NPR responses were determined to be a straw mulching quality which mixed rice and rapeseed straws, a straw mulching placement which covered the entire soil surface of experimental plots, and a straw mulching quantity applied as 3 kg/m2(i.e., the low level). This optimized scheme of straw mulching combinations offers an alternate choice for optimizing the growth and potential yield of walnut saplings, but practical field experiments should also be carried out to obtain more site-specific results.
Changes in cognitive function in patients with intractable dizziness following vestibular rehabilitation
Authors: Sugaya Nagisa , Arai Miki , Goto Fumiyuki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in cognitive functions, including visuospatial ability, attention, and executive function in patients with intractable dizziness following vestibular rehabilitation. The correlations between improvements in cognitive function and dizziness-related variables and emotional distress were also explored. During hospitalization for 5 days, participants were trained on a vestibular rehabilitation program. Participants completed questionnaires including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Trail Making Test (TMT), which were used to assess cognitive function. The center of gravity fluctuation measurement and timed up and go test (TUG), which were objective dizziness severity indexes, were performed before, 1 month after, and 4 months after hospitalization. Following vestibular rehabilitation, participants exhibited a significant improvement in the TMT, DHI, HADS, and TUG scores. Correlation analysis between the variables at each time point indicated that TMT scores positively correlated with TUG at baseline. The correlation between changes observed in the TUG and TMT scores was not significant. The degree of improvement of the TUG score did not bear a linear relationship with that of the TMT scores. However, these correlation results were not completely consistent with those in the multiply imputed dataset.
Different changes of microarchitectures of cortical and cancellous bones in sheep femoral head after long-term glucocorticoid interventions
Authors: Li Yuan-Hui , Gao Fu-Qiang , Cheng Li-Ming , Zeng Mian-Dong , Qiu Qin-Ye , Ding Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigatedthe different effects of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) interventions on the microarchitectures of cortical and cancellous bones of the femoral head. Eighteen female skeletal mature sheep were randomly allocated into 3 groups, 6 each. Group 1 received prednisolone interventions (0.60 mg/kg/day, 5 times weekly) for 7 months. Group 2 received the same interventions as Group 1 and then further observed 3 months without interventions. Control Group was left nonintervention. After killing the animals, all femoral heads were scanned by micro-CT to determine their microstructural properties. In cancellous bone of femoral head, GC interventions led to significant decrease of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, but increase of structure model index and bone surface density (p < 0.05). While in cortical bone, there were no differences between the Group 1 and in microstructural properties (p > 0.05) except greater trabecular thickness in the control group. In addition, three months after cessation of glucocorticoid interventions, most microstructural properties of cancellous bone were significant reversed, but not cortical thickness of femoral head. In contrast to cancellous bone, the microarchitectures of cortical bone were not changed obviously after long-term GC interventions.
Die Darstellung von Sexualität im deutschen Reality-TV: Eine Inhaltsanalyse der Serie „Berlin – Tag und Nacht“
Authors: Lemke Richard , Tornow Tobias 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Medien sind für Jugendliche eine wichtige Quelle bei der Aneignung von Vorstellungen über sexuelle Handlungsabläufe und Rollenverteilungen.
Als besonders wirkmächtig gilt das sogenannte Reality-TV: Die dortigen Darsteller_innen bieten im Sinne der sozial-kognitiven Lerntheorie hohes
Identifikationspotential, da sie etwa gleich alt und in ähnlichen Lebensumständen wie die Rezipient_innen sind. Zudem wird der Eindruck vermittelt, dort würden
nicht fiktionale, sondern dem realen Leben entsprechende Handlungsmuster und Situationen abgebildet.
Forschungsziele: Ziel der Studie war zu untersuchen, wie Sexualität in der reichweitenstarken Scripted-Reality-Soap „Berlin – Tag und Nacht“
(Sehbeteiligung 450.000 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene) dargestellt wird.
Methoden: Mithilfe einer quantitativen Medieninhaltsanalyse wurden folgende Dimensionen erfasst: 1) sexuelle Lust bzw. sexuelles Verlangen, 2) sexuelle
Unlust bzw. fehlendes sexuelles Verlangen, 3) sexuelles Vorantreiben, 4) sexuelles Zögern, 5) sexuelles Vergnügen, 6) sexuelles Unbehagen bzw. fehlendes
sexuelles Vergnügen, 7) Bereuen von Sex.
Ergebnisse: Die Analyse von 123 Folgen (Vollerhebung von Juli 2015 bis Dezember 2015) erbrachte 65 sichtbare sexuelle Akte. Die untersuchten Dimensionen
wurden gleich häufig für Männer und für Frauen dargestellt mit zwei Ausnahmen: sexuelle Lust wurde etwas häufiger für Männer, Bereuen eines sexuellen Akts etwas
häufiger für Frauen dargestellt. Thematisierungen von Sexualität fanden überwiegend durch die betroffenen Akteur_innen selbst statt.
Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt kann die Darstellung von Sexualität auf quantitativem Level als funktional für die psychosexuelle Entwicklung Jugendlicher
angesehen werden. Zum einen, weil das Bild vermittelt wird, dass Sexualität zwischen den Beteiligten verhandelt werden darf. Zum anderen, weil tradierte
sexuelle Geschlechterklischees entlang der untersuchten Dimensionen weitgehend vermieden werden.
Possible Role of Fibrinogen in the Aggregation of White Blood Cells
Authors: Berliner S , Fuchs J , Seligsohn U , Kariv N , Hazaz B , Rotenberg Z , Weinberger I , Agmon J , Pinkhas J , Aronson M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn order to verify whether leukocyte aggregation correlated with aggregation of other cellular elements during inflammation, we examined the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) in the peripheral blood and red cell aggregation. Correlation was found to be significant as was the correlation between LA A and fibrinogen, and with the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products concentration during various inflammatory states. In vitro leukocyte aggregation was decreased when the cells were suspended in autologous heat defibrinogenated plasma as compared to cells suspended in autologous native plasma. Heat aggregated fibrinogen but not native fibrinogen caused leukocyte aggregation in vitro. Finally, Arvin defibrinogenation in rabbits reduced the state of LAA in endotoxinemic rabbits. Integrating all this information, we assume that fibrinogen participates not only in the aggregation phenomena of red cells and platelets, but also in those of leukocytes.
The Isolation and Characterization of a Ternary Human Plasmin B-Chain-Streptokinase-Plasminogen Complex
Authors: Summaria Louis , Boreisha Irena , Barlow Grant H , Robbins Kenneth C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA ternary equimolar human plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasminogen complex was isolated from a mixture of the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complex and human plasminogen at 0° C and 37° C. A ternary complex which was shown to be species specific, was identified and characterized by ultracentrifugal, acrylamide gel electrophoretic, and agarose double diffusion analyses. When mixed at a 1:1 molar ratio at 0° C, 39.9% of the preparation existed as a plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasmino-gen complex; when mixed at 37° C, 86.d% existed as a complex, which was identified by electrophoretic analyses to be a plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasmin complex. Sedimentation velocity analyses gave s°2o,w values of 3.79 for the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complex, 4.10 for Lys-plasmin, and 6.23 for the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasmin complex. Sedimentation equilibrium analyses gave molecular weights of 73,900 for the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complex, 82,900 for Lys-plasmin, and 153,100 for the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasmin complex. The diisopropylphosphorofluoridatc (DFP)-inhibitcd and the p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidino-benzoate (NPGB)-inhibited plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complexes both retained their ability to form a ternary complex with human plasminogen, but this complex did not convert to a plasmin B-chain-streptokinase-plasmin complex. Thus, the active site serine residue is essential for the activator activity of the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complex, but it is not necessary for the binding of the plasmin B-chain-streptokinase complex to plasminogen to form a ternary complex.
Effect of Dipyridamole on Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood Decreases with the Time After Venepuncture: Evidence for the Role of ADP
Authors: Saniabadi A R , Lowe G D O , Barbenel J C , Forbes C D 
Published: June 2018

SummarySpontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was studied in human whole blood at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after venepuncture. Using a whole blood platelet counter, SPA was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count upon rollermixing aliquots of citrated blood at 37° C. The extent of SPA increased with the time after venepuncture, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819. The inhibitory effect of dipyridamole (Dipy) on SPA was studied: (a) 10 μM at each time interval; (b) 0.5-100 μM at 3 and 30 minutes and (c) 15 μM in combination with 100 μM adenosine, 8 μM 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAd, an ADP receptor blocker) and 50 μM aspirin. There was a rapid decrease in the inhibitory effect of Dipy with the time after venepuncture; the correlation coefficient was -0.533. At all the concentrations studied, Dipy was more effective at 3 minutes than at 30 minutes after venepuncture. A combination of Dipy with adenosine, 2ClAd or aspirin was a more effective inhibitor of SPA than either drug alone. However, when 15 μM Dipy and 10 μM Ad were added together, the inhibitory effect of Dipy was not increased significantly, suggesting that Dipy inhibits platelet aggregation independent of Ad. The increase in SPA with the time after venepuncture was abolished when blood was taken directly into the anticoagulant containing 5 μM 2ClAd. It is suggested that ADP released from the red blood cells is responsible for the increased platelet aggregability with the time after venepuncture and makes a serious contribution to the artifacts of in vitro platelet function studies.
Assessment of Factor VII and Factor X
Authors: Shaw S , Pegrum G. D , Farthing C. P , Wolff S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method is described to separate factor VII from factor X in normal serum using electrophoresis in a polyvinyl chloride block. A potent source of factor X is obtained. This may be used in correction studies and for assessment of deficiencies of factor VII in patients.
Effect of Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases on Clotting:
Authors: Iatridis P. G , Ferguson J. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAlkaline phosphatase is found to enhance the activation of factor IX by SF. The correlation of the distribution of alkaline phosphatase in electrophoretic fractions with the clotting tests suggest that the “beta” fraction contains the responsible factor for the acceleratory effect of alkaline phosphatase on clotting.Acid phosphatase, while not exerting a direct inhibitory effect on SF, does enhance the plasmatic anti-SF activity. The “beta” and “F-gamma” fractions seem to contain the responsible factor of acid phosphatase for the plasmatic anti-SF enhancement.SF preparation has no acid or alkaline phosphatase activity.A tentative schema is proposed to explain the effects of acid and alkaline phosphatase on clotting.
Some Complexities of Multiple Inhibitor Interactions in Fibrinolytic Systems
Authors: Maxwell R. E , Nawrocki J. W , Nickel Violet S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman or canine fibrin polymers which are structurally altered by the combined action of plasmin and EACA show an increased resistance to digestion by trypsin, but not to digestion by chymotrypsin. These observations support the concept that EACA inhibition of fibrinolysis is to a variable extent a function of structural changes in the substrate, and that the changes may be related to the susceptibility of lysyl- and arginyl-sites attacked by plasmin and trypsin, but not by chymotrypsin.In plasma, the fibrin modification reactions mediated by plasmin + EACA are analogous to those in purified systems, with quantitative differences resulting from the presence of other inhibitors, and perhaps from earlier gelation of the developing polymers.This complexity of the action of EACA must be taken into account in comparing its effects with those of other inhibitors, which also have variable and non-linear effects related to prevention of autodigestion of plasmin, antagonistic or potentiative combinations of inhibitors, and interference with substrate conversion.
Formation of Anticoagulants by Digesting Fibrin with Thrombin
Authors: Triantaphyllopoulos D. C , Muirhead C. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified thrombin was able to digest fibrin clots in the combined presence of ε-ACA and Trasylol. The digestion products prolonged the thrombin clotting time of both fibrinogen and plasma and inhibited completely the coagulation of shed blood. The incidental observation was made that phosphate buffer elutes from Amberlite IRC-50 a nondialyzable anticoagulant which can easily be neutralized by calcium salts.
Untersuchungen über das Verteilungsmuster der Laktatdehydrogenase-Isoenzyme menschlicher Blutplättchen
Authors: Schumacher K , Schneider W , Gross R 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMit Hilfe der Polyacrylamid-Disc-Elektrophorese wurde das LDH-Isoenzymver-teilungsmuster normaler menschlicher Blutplättchen untersucht und eine Verteilung mit starkem Überwiegen der Banden 2 und 3 bei deutlich geringerem Anteil der LDH-1 gefunden. LDH-4 konnte nur in Spuren, LDH-5 in diesem System nicht nachgewiesen werden. Folgende Anteile wurden für die einzelnen Isoenzyme bestimmt (x ± s, n = 16): LDH-1 = 9,8 ± 7,3, LDH-2 =50,7 ± 7,7, LDH-3 = 38,3 ± 7,5, LDH-4 = 1,2 ± 1,2 rel. %.
Properties of Microsomal Activator of Profibrinolysin Found in Bovine and Porcine Heart Muscle
Authors: Nakahara M , Celander D. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMitochondrial, lysosomal, and microsomal fractions of pig and cow myocardial cells were screened for their ability to effect lysis of bovine fibrin plates prepared with Profibrinolysin-containing and profibrinolysin-free reagents. Little if any activity was observed on profibrinolysin-free fibrin plates. Maximum activity on Profibrinolysin-containing plates was found in association with the microsomes. Extraction of the microsome preparations with 0.15 M KCl and 2.0 M KCl dissolved activator molecules with different pH solubility and stability characteristics. The activator activity of the 2.0 M KCl extract was in general more stable to acid pH than that of the 0.15 M KCl extract.The activator characteristic of the microsomal suspensions and of both types of microsome extracts was stable to acetone precipitation. However, the 2.0 M KCl extract lost its relatively greater stability to acid pH when precipitated with acetone. The significance of the chemical environment as a determining factor in final properties of purified enzyme molecules is discussed. The importance of using a relatively homogeneous cell population as starting material is also emphasized.
Coagulation Studies on Separated Fibrinogen Break-down Products
Authors: Gormsen J , Laursen B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFibrinogen break-down products obtained by plasmindigestion in vitro (human material) are separated by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. The various fractions are defined immunologically and by means of disc acrylamide electrophoresis. A plasminsensitive and a plasminresistant fraction exhibiting E- and D-antigenic properties respectively significantly inhibit some early stages of bloodcoagulation, when present in the final concentration of 5–25 mg%. Some other labile intermediates were less active. No significant prolongation of plasma thrombin time is obtained using separated D- or E-fractions even in final concentration of 100 mg%.
Modification of the Fibrin Agar Plate for Measurements of the Components of the Fibrinolytic System
Authors: Wolf P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe optimal conditions for plasminogen activation by intrinsic activator (IA) were found on Type II human fibrin agar plates made with .04 M pH 8.5 NH4 acetate buffer.Intrinsic activation inhibitor (IAI) produced central areas of lysis inhibition.Methods of quantitating IA and IAI were developed. Activator measurements showed :1. Undiminished IA concentrations in plasma and serum stored for 3 weeks at + 4° C.2. 60–80% loss of IA during euglobulin precipitation at pH 5.2 and at pH 6.3. Presence of a plasminogen activator in commercial thrombin preparation. Inhibitor measurements showed:1. Decrease of IAI in plasma and serum after 4 days storage at +4° C.2. A physiological decrease of IAI in late pregnancy.3. That IAI was composed of either larger or more asymmetrical molecules than either plasminogen or IA.
The Effects of Infusing Thrombin and Its Acetylated Derivative
Authors: Pechet L , Engel A. M , Goldstein C , Glaser B 
Published: June 2018

Summary and ConclusionsDogs and rabbits were infused with acetylated thrombin (thrombin E) and clotting thrombin (thrombin C). Similar effects were noted in both animal series. Very large amounts of thrombin E could be tolerated, but resulted in defibrination. Following a transient hypercoagulable state, the blood became unclottable. The platelets and factors I, V, and VIII were markedly decreased. Factor II was moderately affected and factor VII-X showed no significant changes in most experiments. The presence of fibrinogen degradation products was indicated by a delay in the polymerization of fibrin monomers.Based on the shortening of the euglobulin lysis time, a decrease in the proactivator, and the appearance of inhibitors of fibrin monomer polymerization, it is concluded that transient fibrinolysis is induced by the infusion of thrombin. Its immediate mechanism could not be determined.