bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures for Adults with Autism
Authors: Morrison Kerrianne E. , Pinkham Amy E. , Kelsven Skylar , Ludwig Kelsey , Penn David L. , Sasson Noah J. 
Published: February 2019

Although social cognition is frequently identified as a target in clinical trials and psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these efforts are hampered by a lack of consensus and validation of social cognitive measures. The current study provides psychometric evaluation of 11 frequently used measures encompassing different subdomains of social cognition. Adults with autism (N = 103) and typically developing controls (N = 95) completed 11 commonly used social cognitive tasks spanning the domains of emotion processing, social perception, and mentalizing/theory of mind. We examined each measure's internal reliability and sensitivity to group differences, how performance related to general intellectual ability, and alignment of measures with a proposed two‐factor structure of social cognition in ASD. Controls outperformed the ASD group on 8 of the 11 social cognitive tasks, with the largest group differences occurring on two mentalizing measures, The awareness of social inference task (TASIT) and hinting task. In ASD, all tasks demonstrated strong internal consistency and avoided ceiling and floor effects. Social cognitive performance was also related to, but not redundant with, intellectual functioning. We also found support for a two‐factor structure of social cognition, with basic social perception and emotional processing aligning into a lower‐order social perception factor, while mentalizing tasks aligned into a higher‐order social appraisal factor. In sum, eight tasks showed adequate to strong psychometric properties. The psychometric data, effect size estimates, and correlations between measures reported here can be used for study planning for social cognitive interventions in autism. Autism Research 2019, 12: 766–778. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe examined 11 tasks that measure how adults with autism perceive and interpret social information. Eight of the tasks were reliable and showed lower performance in adults with autism compared to typically‐developing controls. Task performance was related to but distinguishable from IQ. These measures evaluated here may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of interventions and treatments to improve social abilities in adults with autism.
The costs of sugar production from different feedstocks and processing technologies
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Hsun , Huang Haibo , Dien Bruce S. , Singh Vijay 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSugar production is essential for the production of foods, biochemicals, and biofuels via biochemical or catalytic routes. Sugar‐containing crops, and starch‐based and cellulosic feedstocks are resources for sugar production via juice extraction, starch saccharification, and pretreatment and hydrolysis, respectively. Technologies have been developed to attain a high sugar yield; however, production costs are a major consideration in commercializing newly developed approaches to the production of sugars. In this review, the fixed capital and production costs of sugar produced from first‐ and second‐generation crops are summarized. As expected, first‐generation crops provide the lowest fixed capital costs, ranging from 0.01 to 0.13 $ kg−1 feedstock, and have production costs ranging from 0.22 to 0.55 $ kg−1 sugar. For cellulosic crops, because of their recalcitrant structure and complex processing, the fixed capital and production costs are higher, ranging from 0.02 to 1.10 $ kg−1 feedstock and 0.10 to 3.37 $ kg−1 sugar, respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual antithrombotic therapy in PCI: Potential harm in routine adoption
Authors: Sardar Partha , Dawn Abbott J. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
Randomized clinical trials support the use of dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) in PCI patients but outcomes in clinical practice are unclear.
In this observational study of patients at high risk for thromboembolism and bleeding, routine use of a P2Y12 inhibitor alone compared with DAPT with OAC was associated with a significantly higher risk of ischemic events without a lower risk of bleeding.
Future randomized trials and observational analyses of large registries are needed to select the ideal patient population for DAT.
Every TAVR deserves a cardiac implantable electronic device specialist
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
TAVR patients given pacemakers operating in mandatory DDD mode had more ventricular pacing, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality compared with AAI‐DDD or VVI modes.
AV conduction disturbances are often transient after TAVR. Minimizing ventricular pacing where possible avoids the risk of pacemaker‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Pacemaker specialists should be consulted for any TAVR patient with mild rhythm abnormalities given the high incidence of AV block.
HAS‐BLED for predicting transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes: Enough to tamponade the problem?
Authors: Chen Billy , Dean Larry S. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
As indications for TAVR expand, there is a need for predictive models of procedural complications.
Application of the HAS‐BLED score demonstrated patient comorbidities that contribute to increased bleeding events and mortality.
Further adequately powered studies will be needed to validate the HAS‐BLED score for use in the TAVR population or further elucidate important risk factor to incorporate into future predictive risk models.
Covered stents: A 25‐year odyssey
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
The concept of the PTFE‐covered stent was introduced 25 years ago in the treatment of an aneurysmal vein graft.
The study by Pavani et al. represents the largest cohort of patients treated with covered stents for Ellis type 3 perforations.
Covered stents are effective in treating coronary perforations and remain an invaluable tool in the cardiac catheterization lab.
Branch pulmonary artery stenting in children by using premounted stents: Can we benefit from slenderization?
Authors: Parekh Dhaval R. , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
Children with branch pulmonary artery stenosis represent a challenging cohort for stenting
Premounted stent implantation provides immediate obstruction relief and hemodynamic improvement in infants
Planned stent intervention is required to account for somatic growth and next stage palliation in children
Continued slenderization of adult coronary and peripheral interventions, stent technology, and delivery systems may allow for more durable solutions in light of patient size
Treating saphenous vein graft lesions: Drug‐eluting stents are not the answer!
Authors: Hall Allison B. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
Saphenous vein graft (SVG) percutaneous coronary intervention carries high rates of acute (no reflow and periprocedural myocardial infarction) and long‐term (restenosis and re‐occlusion) complications.
Long‐term follow‐up from the two largest trials of drug‐eluting vs. bare metal stents in SVG lesions (The Drug‐Eluting Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents In Saphenous Vein graft Angioplasty and Is Drug‐Eluting‐Stenting Associated with Improved Results in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts? Trial) definitely show no difference between the two stent types, suggesting that bare metal stents should be preferred given lower cost.
Since SVG stenting remains associated with high failure rates, alternative treatment strategies, such as intervention of the corresponding native coronary artery lesions, may represent the future direction of the field.
Roadmap for the radial: Should we stop for directions?
Authors: Lall Sumeet K. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
Regimented use of radial artery angiography prior to ST‐segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) intervention may improve complication rates and can be associated with improved procedural success, procedural time, and reduction in access‐site bleeding.
Routine radial artery angiography may improve procedural quality without increase in procedural time or contrast use.
Regardless of whether universal or selective radial angiography is best practice, angiography is an important tool to use for efficient radial access.
Positioning of self‐expanding transcatheter valve prostheses
Authors: Khan Asaad , Dangas George 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
The anatomic interplay between aortic valve, ascending aorta, left ventricular outflow tract and peripheral vasculature play a major role in determining device related outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Factors such as the alignment angle (prosthesis—ascending aorta), pre‐dilatation, operating team experience and chronic kidney disease may play a role in valve displacement.
Careful analysis of all imaging modalities while sizing and selecting a valve type, and attention to newer deployment techniques may improve outcomes.
PCI on a tear: Not all perforations need coverage
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
Coronary perforations are a potentially lethal complication of PCI requiring prompt treatment.
The study by Rosseel et al demonstrates no difference in 5‐year outcomes in patients with large coronary perforations treated with and without covered stents.
Covered stents are effective in treating coronary perforations and are invaluable in the cardiac catheterization lab.
A catheter‐based bariatric procedure: Wishful thinking or an intriguing concept
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

Left gastric artery embolization acutely lowers ghrelin levels and is associated with modest weight loss sustainable for 1 year in morbidly obese patients.
The procedure is relative quick, free of access complications when done via the radial artery, but long‐term sequelae and the durability of ischemic injury to the fundus of the stomach is uncertain.
Present reports provide pilot and proof‐of‐concept data that should fashion further study, but application to routine practice today is premature.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: It's not like the aortic valve
Authors: Parekh Dhaval R. , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: February 2019

Key Points
The Edwards Sapien S3 demonstrated clinical and technical feasibility in this cohort undergoing percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.
Traversing the tricuspid apparatus with an unsheathed delivery system continues to pose a risk for tricuspid valve injury.
Future design innovations need to accommodate for large outflow tracts without adjacent aortic or coronary compression and allow for safe device delivery with minimal trauma to the tricuspid apparatus.
Acid‐Promoted Hydroformylative Synthesis of Alcohol with Carbon Dioxide by Heterobimetallic Ruthenium‐Cobalt Catalytic System
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Tian Xinxin , Shen Chaoren , Xia Chungu , He Lin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe acid‐aided heterobimetallic ruthenium‐cobalt catalytic system for the reductive hydroformylation with carbon dioxide was established. Various alkenes, including waste from biomass and petroleum industry, could be upgraded to valuable alcohols with this protocol. Acid‐promoted reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS), thereby accelerating the hydroformylative synthesis of alcohol. The theoretical computations revealed that acid promoted RWGS by facilitating the dehydroxylation of ruthenium hydroxy carbonyl intermediate.
Effects of the Synthesis Method and Promoter Content on Bismuth‐Modified Platinum Catalysts in the Electro‐oxidation of Glycerol and Formic Acid
Authors: Ning Xiaomei , Zhou Xiaosong , Luo Jin , Ma Lin , Xu Xuyao , Zhan Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBismuth has an important promotion effect on the catalytic performance of Pt‐catalyzed oxidation reactions. Herein, the catalyst structure, Bi content, and catalytic performance of Bi‐modified Pt catalysts in the electro‐oxidation of glycerol and formic acid were researched to unravel the essential promotion role of Bi. The Bi‐modification methods included the loading, adsorption, and electrodeposition of Bi on Pt. The electrodeposited Bi‐modified Pt had the best performance among the three methods. In a certain range, the lower electrodeposition potential of Bi resulted in a higher Bi content on the Pt catalyst and better performance. The activity of the Pt catalyst with Bi deposited at −0.15 V was 8.5 times and 27 times that of the monometallic Pt catalyst in the electro‐oxidation of glycerol and formic acid, respectively. The selective distribution of Bi adjacent to Pt and a higher percentage of Bi hydroxide were favorable for the catalytic performance.
Hexacoordinated Tetrel‐Bonded Complexes between TF4 (T=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and NCH: Competition between σ‐ and π‐Holes
Authors: Michalczyk Mariusz , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Wysokiński Rafał , Scheiner Steve 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn order to accommodate the approach of two NCH bases, a tetrahedral TF4 molecule (T=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) distorts into an octahedral structure in which the two bases can be situated either cis or trans to one another. The square planar geometry of TF4, associated with the trans arrangement of the bases, is higher in energy than its see‐saw structure that corresponds to the cis trimer. On the other hand, the square geometry offers an unobstructed path of the bases to the π‐holes above and below the tetrel atom and hence enjoys a higher interaction energy than is the case for the σ‐holes approached by the bases in the cis arrangement. When these two effects are combined, the total binding energies are more exothermic for the cis than for the trans complexes. This preference amounts to some 3 kcal mol−1 for Sn and Pb, but is amplified for the smaller tetrel atoms.
Sodium Tantalate Photocatalysts Doped with Metal Cations: Why Are They Active for Water Splitting?
Authors: Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium tantalate (NaTaO3) is the first semiconductor photocatalyst that produces hydrogen–oxygen mixed bubbles in the overall water splitting reaction, when appropriately doped with metal cations. A series of studies are reviewed herein to answer the question of why doping with metal cations raised the quantum efficiency of the reaction. Infrared absorption of band‐gap‐excited photocatalysts demonstrated that cation doping reduced the electron–hole recombination rate and the steady‐state population of charge carriers accordingly increased. In‐depth studies are focused on Sr cations incorporated through solid‐state, flux, and hydrothermal reactions. The recombination rate was reduced when Ta cations were exchanged with Sr cations. Sodium cations were simultaneously exchanged to balance the cationic and anionic charges with no need for creating oxygen anion vacancies. NaTaO3Sr(Sr1/3Ta2/3)O3 solid solution was formed as a result of the simultaneous doping. In addition to doping at the appropriate sites, the intraparticle distribution of Sr cations played an essential role to reduce the recombination rate. Strontium cations segregated to produce graded composition from the Sr‐rich surface to the Sr‐poor core. The bottom of the conduction band was raised at the Sr‐rich surface and the excited electrons were driven to the Sr‐poor core, leaving holes at the surface. However, the graded composition had a dual purpose; the excited electron population increased and its fractional contribution to the surface reaction decreased.
Oxidation‐Resistant, Cost‐Effective Epoxide‐Modified Polyamine Adsorbents for CO2 Capture from Various Sources Including Air
Authors: Goeppert Alain , Zhang Hang , Sen Raktim , Dang Huong , Prakash G. K. Surya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCO2 adsorbents based on the reaction of pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with propylene oxide (PO) were easily prepared in “one pot” by impregnation on a silica support in water. The starting materials were readily available and inexpensive, facilitating the production of the adsorbents on a large scale. The prepared polyamine/epoxide adsorbents were efficient in capturing CO2 and could be regenerated under mild conditions (50–85 °C). They displayed a much‐improved stability compared with their unmodified amine counterparts, especially under oxidative conditions. Leaching of the active organic amine became minimal or nonexistent after treatment with the epoxide. The adsorption as well as desorption kinetics were also greatly improved. The polyamine/epoxide adsorbents were able to capture CO2 from various sources including ambient air and indoor air with CO2 concentrations of only 400–1000 ppm. The presence of water, far from being detrimental, increased the adsorption capacity. Their use for indoor air quality purposes was explored.
Comparisons of bone density and body composition among adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Carlson Jennifer L. , Golden Neville H. , Long Jin , Murray Stuart B. , Peebles Rebecka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition among adolescents: (a) with atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) versus anorexia nervosa (AN) and (b) those with and without a prior history of overweight.MethodElectronic medical records of patients 9–20 years with AN or AAN who underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scans were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.ResultsA total of 286 adolescents with AN or AAN were included. In linear regression models, AAN was associated with greaterZ‐scores in whole body bone mineral content (BMC,B = 0.88,p < 0.001), lumbar spine BMD (B = 0.79,p = 0.002), femoral neck BMD (B = 0.670,p = 0.009); fat mass index (B = 1.33,p = 0.003), and lean body mass index (LBMI,B = 1.10,p < 0.001) compared to AN, adjusting for age, sex, and duration of illness. A prior overweight history was associated with greaterZ‐scores in whole body BMC; lumbar spine BMD, total hip BMD, femoral neck BMD, and LBMI.DiscussionAdolescents with AAN had higher BMDZ‐scores than adolescents with AN; adolescents with a prior overweight history had greater BMDZ‐scores than adolescents without a prior overweight history. These findings may inform clinical guidelines for the medical management of AAN.
Acoustic emissions of Sorex unguiculatus (Mammalia: Soricidae): Assessing the echo‐based orientation hypothesis
Authors: Sanchez Lida , Ohdachi Satoshi D. , Kawahara Atsushi , Echenique‐Diaz Lazaro M. , Maruyama Shinichiro , Kawata Masakado 
Published: February 2019

AbstractShrew species have been proposed to utilize an echo‐based orientation system to obtain additional acoustic information while surveying their environments. This system has been supported by changes in vocal emission rates when shrews encounter different habitats of varying complexity, although detailed acoustic features in this system have not been reported. In this study, behavioral experiments were conducted using the long‐clawed shrew (Sorex unguiculatus) to assess this orientation system. Three experimental conditions were set, two of which contained obstacles. Short‐click, noisy, and different types of tonal calls in the audible‐to‐ultrasonic frequency range were recorded under all experimental conditions. The results indicated that shrews emit calls more frequently when they are facing obstacles or exploring the experimental environment. Shrews emitted clicks and several different types of tonal calls while exploring, and modified the use of different types of calls for varying behavior. Furthermore, shrews modified the dominant frequency and duration of squeak calls for different types of obstacles, that is, plants and acrylic barriers. The vocalizations emitted at short inter‐pulse intervals could not be observed when shrews approached these obstacles. These results are consistent with the echo‐based orientation hypothesis according to which shrews use a simple echo‐orientation system to obtain information from their surrounding environments, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Variability in the expansion of trees and shrubs in boreal Alaska
Authors: Brodie Jedediah F. , Roland Carl A. , Stehn Sarah E. , Smirnova Ekaterina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe expansion of shrubs and trees across high‐latitude ecosystems is one of the most dramatic ecological manifestations of climate change. Most of the work quantifying these changes has been done in small areas and over relatively recent time scales. These land‐cover transitions are highly spatially variable, and we have limited understanding of the factors underlying this variation. We use repeat photography to generate a data set of land‐cover changes in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, stretching back a century and spanning a range of edaphic, topographic, and climatic conditions. Most land‐cover classes were quite stable, with low probabilities of transitioning to other land‐cover types. The advance of woody vegetation into low‐stature tundra, and the spread of conifer trees into shrub‐dominated areas, were both more likely at low elevations and in areas without permafrost. Permafrost also reduced the likelihood of herbaceous vegetation transitioning to woody cover. Exceptions to the general trend of relative stability included nearly all (96%) of the broadleaf forest–dominated areas being invaded by conifers, an expected successional trajectory, and many open gravel river bars (17.8%) transitioning to thick shrubs. These floodplain areas were distinctly not at equilibrium, as only 0.1% of shrub‐dominated areas converted to gravel. Warming temperatures in coming decades and concomitant declines in the extent of permafrost are predicted to enhance the spread of woody vegetation in Denali further, but only by ~3%. Land‐cover transitions, notably the rapid advance of trees and shrubs observed in other studies, could be less likely and more spatially heterogeneous here than in other high‐latitude systems.