bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romance, Satire, and the Exploitation of Disorder
Authors: Lamb Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter follows Swift’s hint that our best ideas are inevitably adjacent to, or productive of, the worst: goodness is girdled by corruption, wit by madness, novelty by repetition. In satire this state of affairs is a cause for alarm, indignation, and reproof; in romance it is proof of glory excessive to all norms. The potential frenzy of the satirist is controlled by irony; the moral and historical disorder of romance is tempered by ritual and mannerism. How is the novel, the inheritor of these two traditions of fiction, to accommodate such extreme alternatives, given that its mission is to render probable the lives of ordinary people possessed of usual portions of intelligence and virtue? The answer is to reassert the importance of Cervantes to the development of the comic novel, where the elliptical tension between a bright idea and its reverse is sustained by anarchic oscillations between too much and too little.
Separating viscous and thermal effects of temperature on copepod feeding
Authors: Tyrell Abigail S , Fisher Nicholas S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBecause seawater temperature is correlated with viscosity, temperature changes may impact small zooplankton through a mechanical pathway, separately from any thermally-induced effects on metabolism. We evaluated both viscous and thermal effects on copepod feeding in experiments where viscosity was manipulated separately from temperature using a non-toxic polymer. Two copepod species, Acartia tonsa and Parvocalanus crassirostris, feeding on two monoalgal diets (a diatom and a dinoflagellate) were compared. At constant temperature, increase in viscosity nearly always reduced feeding; at constant viscosity, changes in temperature had no effect on feeding. The effects of viscosity and temperature were more pronounced for the diatom than the flagellate prey. Overall, reductions in zooplankton feeding at cold temperatures can be explained primarily by the mechanical effect of viscosity. Q10 values for copepod feeding (1.0–7.9), calculated from the present data and from the literature, were generally higher and more variable than Q10 values from the literature for copepod respiration (1.5–3.1) indicating that, at cold temperatures, feeding is more dramatically suppressed than metabolism. We conclude that (i) high viscosity may inhibit copepod feeding, and (ii) this viscous effect on feeding (rather than a thermal effect on metabolism) may influence the cold-temperature bounds of zooplankton populations.
Comparison of FlowCAM and microscope biovolume measurements for a diverse freshwater phytoplankton community
Authors: Hrycik Allison R , Shambaugh Angela , Stockwell Jason D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
FlowCAM combines flow cytometry and imaging to rapidly enumerate, classify and measure particles. The instrument potentially increases processing speed of phytoplankton samples. FlowCAM, however, requires extensive comparison to microscopy before incorporation into monitoring and research. Past studies have compared FlowCAM and microscopy results for mostly marine rather than freshwater phytoplankton communities. We compared phytoplankton biovolume, density and taxonomic classifications between FlowCAM and microscopy for 113 samples from Lake Champlain, USA—a large freshwater system with diverse phytoplankton. Total biovolume estimates from FlowCAM were higher than microscope biovolumes due to higher individual particle biovolumes. Biovolume relationships, however, were closely correlated between the two methods. Shape-specific biovolumes from FlowCAM images slightly improved estimates compared to area-based biovolumes. Diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria showed the strongest relationships between FlowCAM and microscope biovolumes. Microscope natural unit counts were generally higher than FlowCAM counts. Genus richness was weakly related between FlowCAM and microscopy, demonstrating a potential tradeoff between finer taxonomic resolutions with a microscope versus the higher number of particles processed with FlowCAM. Both methods produced reproducible biovolumes with replicate samples. We conclude that microscopy is more reliable when fine taxonomic resolution is needed and FlowCAM is suitable for rapid processing of major phytoplankton groups.
Setting the scene – a future ‘epidemic’ of immune-related adverse events in association with checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Bermudez Maria V , Papa Sophie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancer immune therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has changed the landscape of treatment for a growing number of indications. These drugs are associated with a specific mechanism of action that has profound implications for both immunology and inflammatory disease. This article looks to set the scene covering the history of CPI therapy to date and outlining the likely future developments.
Secukinumab provides sustained low rates of radiographic progression in psoriatic arthritis: 52-week results from a phase 3 study, FUTURE 5
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Mease Philip J , Landewé Robert B M , Rahman Proton , Tahir Hasan , Singhal Atul , Boettcher Elke , Navarra Sandra , Zhu Xuan , Ligozio Gregory , Readie Aimee , Mpofu Shephard , Pricop Luminita 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of secukinumab on radiographic progression through 52 weeks in patients with PsA from the FUTURE 5 study.

Methods
Patients with active PsA, stratified by prior anti-TNF use (naïve or inadequate response), were randomized to s.c. secukinumab 300 mg load (300 mg), 150 mg load (150 mg), 150 mg no load regimens or placebo at baseline, at weeks 1, 2 and 3 and every 4 weeks starting at week 4. Radiographic progression was assessed by change in van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (vdH-mTSS; mean of two readers). Statistical analysis used a linear mixed-effects model (random slope) at weeks 24 and 52, and observed data at week 52. Assessments at week 52 included additional efficacy endpoints (non-responders imputation and mixed-effects models for repeated measures) and safety.

Results
The majority (86.6%) of patients completed 52 weeks of treatment. The proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (change from baseline in vdH-mTSS ⩽0.5) was 91.8, 85.2 and 87.2% in 300, 150 and 150 mg no load groups, respectively, at week 52. The change in vdH-mTSS from baseline to week 52 using random slope [mean change (s.e.)] was –0.18 (0.17), 0.11 (0.18) and –0.20 (0.18) in 300, 150 and 150 mg no load groups, respectively; the corresponding observed data [mean change (s.d.)] was –0.09 (1.02), 0.13 (1.39) and 0.21 (1.15). Clinical efficacy endpoints were sustained, and no new or unexpected safety signals were reported through 52 weeks.

Conclusion
Secukinumab 300 and 150 mg with or without s.c. loading regimen provided sustained low rates of radiographic progression through 52 weeks of treatment.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02404350.
The risk of uveitis in patients with JIA receiving etanercept: the challenges of analysing real-world data
Authors: Davies Rebecca , De Cock Diederik , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Southwood Taunton , Baildam Eileen , Beresford Michael W , Foster Helen E , Thomson Wendy , Ramanan Athimalaipet V , Hyrich Kimme L ,   for the British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Etanercept Cohort Study (BSPAR-ETN) and the Biologics for Children with Rheumatic Diseases (BCRD) study
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and compare the occurrence of newly diagnosed uveitis in children with JIA receiving MTX, etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab.

Methods
This on-drug analysis included patients within UK JIA registries (British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Etanercept Cohort Study and Biologics for Children with Rheumatic Diseases) with non-systemic disease, registered at MTX or biologic start with no history of uveitis. Follow-up began from date of first treatment, continuing until first uveitis, discontinuation of registered drug, most recent follow-up up or death, whichever came first. Hazard ratios comparing risk of uveitis between drugs were calculated using propensity-adjusted Cox regression.

Results
A total of 2294 patients were included (943 MTX, 304 adalimumab/infliximab, 1047 etanercept). There were 44 reported cases of uveitis (27 MTX, 16 etanercept, 1 adalimumab). Unadjusted hazard ratio showed a reduced risk of uveitis in biologic cohorts compared with MTX. After adjusting for propensity deciles, there was no significant difference in the risk of uveitis between patients receiving etanercept or MTX [hazard ratio 0.5 (0.2–1.1)]. Fully adjusted comparisons were not possible for adalimumab/infliximab as there were too few events.

Conclusions
In this first paper to compare the rate of new onset uveitis across the three main anti-TNF therapies used in JIA, a new diagnosis of uveitis is less common among patients starting biologics compared with MTX, although this did not reach statistical significance. The suggested protective effect of etanercept is likely explained by confounding, whereby patients in the MTX cohort are younger and earlier in disease, and therefore at greater risk of developing uveitis compared with etanercept patients.
High tuberculosis incidence among people living with diabetes in Indonesia
Authors: McAllister Susan M , Koesoemadinata Raspati C , Santoso Prayudi , Soetedjo Nanny N M , Kamil Abdul , Permana Hikmat , Ruslami Rovina , Critchley Julia A , van Crevel Reinout , Hill Philip C , Alisjahbana Bachti 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Data regarding the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among people living with diabetes (PLWD) in TB-endemic settings are scarce. We examined TB incidence among PLWD in Indonesia who had previously been screened for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease.

Methods
PLWD (≥18 y of age) in an urban setting were examined a mean 3.4 y after they had been screened for active TB and LTBI. Data on subsequent TB diagnosis were collected by interview and with chest X-ray, sputum smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. TB incidence rates were stratified for baseline LTBI status, as determined by the QuantiFERON interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA).

Results
Of 590 PLWD, 101 had died and 163 could not be contacted or refused. Among the 326 who were re-examined, 6 (1.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7 to 4.0) reported being diagnosed already and a further 5 were diagnosed with active TB (1.5%; 95% CI 0.50 to 3.5). The TB incidence rate was 9.85 (95% CI 4.03 to 15.68) per 1000 person-years. TB incidence was higher among PLWD with baseline LTBI (17.13; 95% CI 5.25 to 29.00/1000 person-years) compared with those without LTBI (4.79; 95% CI −0.63 to 10.21), with an incidence rate ratio of 3.57 (95% CI 0.86 to 20.92; p=0.054).

Conclusions
PLWD with LTBI in Indonesia and similar settings are likely to benefit from TB preventive therapy.
Harmonizing gene signatures to predict benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer
Authors: Criscitiello Carmen , Viale Giulia , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, including different subtypes with their own biology, prognosis, clinical characteristics and treatment. To date, traditional clinical and pathological determinants remain the main factors guiding treatment decision-making; however, the development of multigene assays improved the ability to predict the risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage breast cancer. These tools underwent an extensive independent validation and have already been partly incorporated into clinical practice.

Recent findings
The current article summarizes current evidence for the use of the different genomic assays in clinical practice, their characteristics and validation studies. A few studies comparing available genomic assays revealed that they provide different information with a modest correlation and that they are not interchangeable; other trials are currently ongoing in this setting.

Summary
Variability across different gene signatures may be a challenge for the optimal management of the individual patient, hence each assay should be used for the clinical setting in which it has been validated.
Treatment of cognitive deficits in brain tumour patients: current status and future directions
Authors: Coomans Marijke B. , van der Linden Sophie D. , Gehring Karin , Taphoorn Martin J.B. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Increased life expectancy in brain tumour patients had led to the need for strategies that preserve and improve cognitive functioning, as many patients suffer from cognitive deficits. The tumour itself, as well as antitumor treatment including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, supportive treatment and individual patient factors are associated with cognitive problems. Here, we review the recent literature on approaches that preserve and improve cognitive functioning, including pharmacological agents and rehabilitation programs.

Recent findings
Minimizing cognitive dysfunction and improving cognitive functioning in brain tumour patients may be achieved both by preserving cognitive functioning during antitumor treatment, including techniques such as awake brain surgery, less invasive radiation therapies such as stereotactic radiotherapy and proton therapy, as well as with interventions including cognitive rehabilitation programmes. Novel rehabilitation programs including computer-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) programmes that can be adjusted to the specific patient needs and can be administered at home are promising. Furthermore, personalized/precision medicine approaches to identify patients who are at risk for cognitive decline may facilitate effective treatment strategies in the future.

Summary
Cognitive functioning has gained greater awareness in the neuro-oncological community, and methods to preserve and improve cognitive functioning have been explored. Rehabilitation programmes for brain tumour patients should be further developed and referred to in clinical practice.
Banking with precision: transfusion medicine as a potential universal application in clinical genomics
Authors: Montemayor Celina , Brunker Patricia A.R. , Keller Margaret A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
To summarize the most recent scientific progress in transfusion medicine genomics and discuss its role within the broad genomic precision medicine model, with a focus on the unique computational and bioinformatic aspects of this emergent field.

Recent findings
Recent publications continue to validate the feasibility of using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for blood group prediction with three distinct approaches: exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and PCR-based targeted NGS methods. The reported correlation of NGS with serologic and alternative genotyping methods ranges from 92 to 99%. NGS has demonstrated improved detection of weak antigens, structural changes, copy number variations, novel genomic variants, and microchimerism. Addition of a transfusion medicine interpretation to any clinically sequenced genome is proposed as a strategy to enhance the cost-effectiveness of precision genomic medicine. Interpretation of NGS in the blood group antigen context requires not only advanced immunohematology knowledge, but also specialized software and hardware resources, and a bioinformatics-trained workforce.

Summary
Blood transfusions are a common inpatient procedure, making blood group genomics a promising facet of precision medicine research. Further efforts are needed to embrace transfusion bioinformatic challenges and evaluate its clinical utility.
Long-term outcomes after childhood convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Pujar Suresh , Scott Rod C. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
It is widely accepted that childhood convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) has associated short-term and long-term mortality and morbidity. However, the role of CSE itself on subsequent adverse outcomes is still debated. In addition, whether prolonged seizures cause any long-term hippocampal injury and developmental or memory impairment is uncertain. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of long-term outcomes after childhood CSE, highlighting data from recent literature on this subject.

Recent findings
Long-term outcome after childhood CSE is favorable in previously normal children, with low incidence of epilepsy, motor and intellectual disability, behavioral impairment and need for special educational provision. Mesial temporal sclerosis is uncommon in children after prolonged febrile seizures. There is substantial morbidity after childhood CSE, but this is seen primarily in children with symptomatic causes and preexisting neurological abnormalities. Cause is the primary determinant of outcomes after childhood CSE and the additional effect of CSE characteristics such as seizure duration seems to be less than previously believed.

Summary
Childhood CSE is associated with substantial neurological, cognitive and behavioral morbidity. Early identification of these difficulties and appropriate intervention are likely to have a major positive impact on their quality of life.
The Mezurio smartphone application: Evaluating the feasibility of frequent digital cognitive assessment in the PREVENT dementia study
Authors: Lancaster Claire , Blane Jasmine , Chinner Amy , Wolters Leona , Koychev Ivan , Hinds Chris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmartphones may significantly contribute to the detection of early cognitive decline at scale by enabling remote, frequent, sensitive, economic assessment. Several prior studies have sustained engagement with participants remotely over a period of a week; extending this to a period of a month would clearly give greater opportunity for measurement. However, as such study durations are increased, so too is the need to understand how participant burden and scientific value might be optimally balanced.ObjectivesWe explore the ‘little but often’ approach to assessment employed by the Mezurio app, interacting with participants every day for over a month. We aim to understand whether this extended remote study duration is feasible, and which factors might promote sustained participant engagement over such study durations.MethodsThirty-five adults (aged 40-59 years) with no diagnosis of cognitive impairment were prompted to interact with the Mezurio smartphone app platform for up to 36 days, completing short, daily episodic memory tasks in addition to optional executive function and language tests. A subset (n=20) completed semi-structured interviews focused on their experience using the app.ResultsAverage compliance with the schedule of learning for subsequent memory test was 80%, with 88% of participants still actively engaged by the final task. Thematic analysis of participants’ experiences highlighted schedule flexibility, a clear user-interface, and performance feedback as important considerations for engagement with remote digital assessment.ConclusionsDespite the extended study duration, participants demonstrated high compliance with the tasks scheduled and were extremely positive about their experiences. Long durations of remote digital interaction are therefore definitely feasible, but only when careful attention is paid to the design of the users’ experience.
Extreme genomic volatility characterises the evolution of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in teleost fishes
Authors: Bradshaw William J. , Valenzano Dario Riccardo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe evolution of the adaptive immune system has provided vertebrates with a uniquely sophisticated immune toolkit, enabling them to mount precise immune responses against a staggeringly diverse range of antigens. Like other vertebrates, teleost fishes possess a complex and functional adaptive immune system; however, our knowledge of the complex antigen-receptor genes underlying its functionality has been restricted to a small number of experimental and agricultural species, preventing a systematic investigation of how these crucial gene loci evolve. Here, we analyse the genomic structure of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene loci in the cyprinodontiforms, a diverse and important group of teleosts present in many different habitats across the world. We reconstruct the complete IGH loci of the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) and the southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) and analyse their in vivo gene expression, revealing the presence of species-specific splice isoforms of transmembrane IGHM. We further characterise the IGH constant regions of ten additional cyprinodontiform species, including guppy, amazon molly, mummichog and mangrove killifish. Phylogenetic analysis of these constant regions reveals multiple independent rounds of duplication and deletion of the teleost-specific antibody class IGHZ in the cyprinodontiform lineage, demonstrating the extreme volatility of IGH evolution. Focusing on the cyprinodontiforms as a model taxon for comparative evolutionary immunology, this work provides novel genomic resources for studying adaptive immunity and sheds light on the evolutionary history of the adaptive immune system.
Neglecting low season nest protection exacerbates female biased sea turtle hatchling production through the loss of male producing nests
Authors: Hart Catherine E. , Tello-Sahagun Luis Angel , Abreu-Grobois F. Alberto , Zavala-Norzagaray Alan A. , Girondot Marc , Ley-Quiñonez Cesar P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the eastern Pacific, peak olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting occurs during the warmest months which coincide with the rainy season, yet as nesting takes place year-round, the small proportion of the nests laid during dry-low season are exposed to contrasting environmental conditions. Most of the studies on Pacific coast sea turtles have estimated sex ratios produced during the rainy-high season when the majority of conservation activities take place. Thus, dry-low season nests have on the whole been overlooked. Here we compared sex ratios and hatchling fitness for offspring produced during the dry and rainy seasons during 2015. We found that protected olive ridley clutches incubated during the dry-low season were exposed to lower temperatures, yielded higher hatchling success, produced 100% male offspring and larger, heavier hatchlings with better locomotor abilities. Our results highlight the critical value of monitoring and protecting sea turtle nests beyond the peak season (when nests can be protected more efficiently) to include low season nests, albeit at much lower densities, but which by yielding higher proportions of males and with greater locomotor capacities may be the key to population viability and adaptation to anthropogenic climate change.