bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative fundamental theorem of algebra
Authors: Perrucci Daniel , Roy Marie-Françoise 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing subresultants, we modify a real-algebraic proof due to Eisermann of the fundamental theorem of Algebra (FTA) to obtain the following quantitative information: in order to prove the FTA for polynomials of degree d, the intermediate value theorem (IVT) is required to hold only for real polynomials of degree at most d2. We also explain that the classical proof due to Laplace requires IVT for real polynomials of exponential degree. These quantitative results highlight the difference in nature of these two proofs.
Milton’s ‘Naturam non pati senium’ and ‘De Idea Platonica’ as Cambridge Act Verses: A Reconsideration in Light of Manuscript Evidence
Authors: Dulgarian Robert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article offers a comprehensive reinterpretation of Milton’s Latin poems ‘Naturam non pati senium’ and ‘De Idea Platonica quemadmodum Aristoteles intellexit’ based upon a reconstruction of their context in the academic institutions of 1620s Cambridge. After framing the poems in the broader context of the fairly large corpus of surviving printed and manuscript carmina comitalia or ‘Act Verses’, the documentary evidence for the Latin disputations which they conventionally preceded, and the surviving evidence for the rôle of such verses in university exercises, the article argues for the importance of Sarah Knight’s 2010 manuscript discovery connecting Milton’s poems to the calendar year 1629, but shows that an alternative reading of the manuscript evidence offers a more convincing and much more illuminating account of the poems’ relation to their context. Finally, the article will argue that such a reconsideration of the poems can elucidate the striking absence of consensus concerning the philosophical positions that they take and the nature of their arguments, while revealing a hitherto unsuspected aspect of the student Milton’s deep involvement in university culture.
ACUTE RETINAL ISCHEMIA IN CENTRAL VERSUS BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
Authors: Matthé Egbert , Eulitz Peggy , Furashova Olga 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To compare changes in thickness of separate retinal layers between acute central and branch retinal artery occlusion (RAO) regarding the severity grade of retinal ischemia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:

Design: retrospective, observational case–control series. Setting: institutional. Patients: 114 patients with acute RAO. Examinations were conducted with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at the first visit (baseline). Observations: RAO was categorized as branch (43 patients) or central RAO (71 patients) clinically. Retinal artery occlusion was categorized into the 3 grades “incomplete,” “subtotal,” and “total,” based on optical coherence tomography findings. Thickness of several retinal layers was evaluated on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. Obtained data were compared between the 3 grades and between central and branch RAO. The contralateral eyes were used as controls. Main outcome measures: thickness of selected retinal layers.

Results:
Thickness of selected inner retinal layers and central foveal thickness increased statistically significant according to the severity grade (healthy = incomplete < subtotal < total). In each severity grade, there was no significant difference in retinal layers' thickness between branch and central RAO, except for central foveal thickness.

Conclusion:
Thickness increase of selected retinal layers follows—except for central foveal thickness—the same pattern in central and branch RAO. Retinal layers' thickness increases significantly with the higher ischemia grade in both central and branch RAO.
Forensic Nursing Education and Practice in the Netherlands: Where Are We at?
Authors: de Vries Maria Lisa , Dorn Tina , Eppink Marijke , Reijnders Udo Johannes Leonardus 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Forensic nursing is a new discipline to the Netherlands. Since 2013, a program has been in place to train experienced nurses in several aspects of forensic nursing, including injury assessment and wound documentation, sexual assault examination, assessment of child abuse, death investigation, and primary care for detainees of the police.

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to provide information on the working environment, self-rated competencies, and practice experiences of forensic nurses after having completed the program.

Methods:
In 2017, an online questionnaire was developed by the researchers and distributed among the 114 Dutch forensic nurses who had completed the program.

Results:
Eighty-three nurses responded to the questionnaire, resulting in a 73% response rate. Nurses who practiced in the emergency and ambulance sector or as pediatric nurses continued to work in these roles after having finished the program. Upon completion of the program, more nurses were employed at sexual assault centers. Overall, respondents indicated that they felt competent with performing forensic nursing tasks. Respondents had a positive outlook of their work as forensic nurses, with a large majority seeing possibilities for further expansion of their roles (87%). Forty-eight percent reported that, at times, they experienced resistance to their involvement with forensic matters from other professionals in their work environments.

Discussion:
Forensic nursing in the Netherlands is an emerging profession. Although its foundation has been established, further developments will only be achieved through collaboration with the wider medical field.
Changes in Caregiver Health in the Years Surrounding the Birth of a Child With Health Problems
Authors: Brehaut Jamie C. , Guèvremont Anne , Arim Rubab G. , Garner Rochelle E. , Miller Anton R. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Brownell Marni , Lach Lucy M. , Rosenbaum Peter L. , Kohen Dafna E. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Caregivers of children with health problems (CHPs; usually mothers) experience more physical and psychological health problems than those of children without health problems (non-CHPs). Primarily cross-sectional and survey-driven, this literature has not yet explored whether these health differences existed before the birth of the CHPs, or are exacerbated postbirth.

Methods:
Using linked administrative health data on all mother-child dyads for children born in the year 2000 in British Columbia, Canada, we examined maternal health before, during, and after the birth of CHPs, and compared it between mothers of CHPs and non-CHPs with piecewise growth curve modeling.

Results:
Compared with mothers of non-CHPs, mothers of CHPs had more physician visits (8.09 vs. 11.07), more medication types (1.81 vs. 2.60), and were more likely to be diagnosed with selected health conditions (30.9% vs. 42.5%) 4 years before the birth of the child. Over the 7-year postbirth period, the health of the 2 groups of mothers further diverged: while mothers of CHPs showed increases on physician visits and types of medication, mothers of non-CHPs did not experience any changes in physician visits and had less steep increases for types of medication.

Conclusions:
Health issues associated with having a child with a health problem may begin well before the birth of the child, but also appear to be exacerbated postbirth. The health challenges of caregivers of CHPs may be multifactorial, involving both preexisting conditions and the stresses associated with caring for a child with health problems.
Multiple carbapenemase gene production by Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn patients in Iran
Authors: Eslami Majid , Shafiei Morvarid , Mirforughi Seyede Amene , Rajabi Ali 
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Acinetobacter baumannii is among the major Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens, and their antibiotic resistance has spread extensively; especially in burn settings.

Methods:
A total of 300 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from burn patients hospitalized in burn settings. The isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method. The class D (bla
OXA-51-like, bla
OXA-23-like, bla
OXA-58-like and bla
OXA-24-like) and class B (encoded by bla
VIM and bla
SIM) carbapenemase genes were investigated by multiplex PCR.

Results:
A high level of carbapenem resistance was observed among isolates, but none of them were resistant to colistin. Among carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, previous antibiotic consumption was significantly higher (significant risk factor for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii acquisition) than other risk factors (P = 0.0123), whereas older age of patients was not significantly higher among other ranges in multivariate analysis by analysis of variance (ANOVA test). The bla
OXA-51-like gene was the predominant gene, followed by bla
OXA-23-like, bla
OXA-24-like, bla
OXA-58-like, bla
SIM,
bla
NDM and bla
VIM genes being 66, 35.33, 22, 14, 1.33, 1.33 and 13.33%, respectively. Furthermore, the co-existence of bla
OXA-51-like/bla
OXA-23-like, bla
OXA-51-like/bla
OXA-23-like/bla
OXA-24-like and bla
OXA-51-like/bla
OXA-24-like were 22.67, 12 and 11.33%, respectively.

Conclusion:
A high level of class D and class B carbapenemases among A. baumannii strains in the burn settings is a crisis in the eradication of infections caused by MDR, XDR and PDR strains. Therefore, the uncontrolled consumption of last-line antibiotics should be restricted and infection control strategies must be implemented accurately.
Including and Training Family Caregivers of Older Adults in Hospital Care
Authors: Fields Beth , Rodakowski Juleen , Leighton Cassandra , Feiler Connie , Minnier Tami , James A. Everette 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Despite the role caregivers play in the delivery of care, the interactions and training methods used with caregivers during an inpatient stay are not clear.

Purpose:
The purpose was to examine interactions and training methods used with caregivers during hospital care.

Methods:
A mixed-methods case study was conducted. Observations were summarized and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
The frequency of caregiver engagement varied at different points in the care process but was highest among observations during the stay care point. Providers were most commonly using written and verbal instructions to train caregivers. Three themes emerged from the interviews and were described to be both facilitators and barriers to caregiver involvement: experience, time, and relationship.

Conclusions:
High-quality person and family-centered care depends upon coordinated efforts among health care systems, providers, patients, and caregivers. Future caregiver initiatives should aim to decrease disengagement, increase assessment, and broaden the use of training methods.
Sexual Risk Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Intention Among At-Risk College Students Who Have Never Been Tested
Authors: James Tyler G. , Cheong JeeWon , Ryan Sadie J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Survey data from a university in the southeast United States were used to estimate the relation between sexual risk factors, perceived susceptibility, and human immunodeficiency virus testing intention among sexually active college students who had never been tested. Sexual risk factors, but not knowledge, were indirectly related to increased human immunodeficiency virus testing intention through perceived susceptibility.
Case Series: Multimodal Imaging Reveals the Spectrum of Pattern Dystrophies of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Crane Emily R. , Bass Sherry J. 
Published: March 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Pattern dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium, often misdiagnosed as other macular conditions, were once considered a rare retinal disease. However, an increasing number of cases have recently been discovered owing to advancements in multimodal imaging and increased awareness of the condition.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to increase awareness of pattern dystrophies and to review how to accurately diagnose and manage pattern dystrophies by understanding their presentation on fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and electrodiagnostic testing.

CASE SERIES
Three cases of patients diagnosed as having pattern dystrophies are reported. In case 1, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and electrodiagnostic testing aid in diagnosing multifocal pattern dystrophy. The same tools are used to diagnose adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy in case 2 and reticular pattern dystrophy in case 3.

CONCLUSIONS
Fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and electrodiagnostic testing facilitate the proper diagnosis of patients with pattern dystrophies. With increased awareness of pattern dystrophies and increased use of multimodal imaging, pattern dystrophies will likely no longer be considered rare.
Epiregulin is released from intervertebral disks and induces spontaneous activity in pain pathways
Authors: Kongstorp Mette , Schjølberg Tiril , Jacobsen Daniel Pitz , Haugen Fred , Gjerstad Johannes 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Lumbar radicular pain after disk herniation is associated with local release of many inflammatory molecules from nucleus pulposus (NP) cells leaking out of the intervertebral disk. Here, we have used a rat model to investigate the role of epiregulin (EREG), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, in this process.

Methods:
A protein immunoassay was chosen to confirm the release of EREG from the NP tissue. Single unit recordings were used to demonstrate the effect of recombinant EREG applied onto the dorsal nerve roots in vivo. Intracellular responses induced by recombinant EREG were studied in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells by phosphoprotein assay. Changes in EGF receptor expression induced by NP in the DRG were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The protein immunoassay showed that EREG was released from the NP tissue. Moreover, application of EREG onto the spinal dorsal nerve roots induced a decrease in the evoked responses, but an increase in spontaneous activity in the dorsal horn neurons. Interestingly, the EREG activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in the DRG, a pathway previously linked to cellular growth, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. An NP-induced upregulation of the EGF receptor HER3 in the DRG was also revealed.

Conclusion:
Taken together, the present observations indicate that EREG may induce changes in the DRG and spontaneous activity in the pain pathways. We suggest that EREG signaling may be involved in the pathophysiological process leading to sensory deficits and neuropathic pain in patients after disk herniation.
Paracrine Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Lymphangiogenesis in Irradiated Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Saijo Hiroto , Suzuki Keiji , Yoshimoto Hiroshi , Imamura Yoshinobu , Yamashita Shunichi , Tanaka Katsumi 
Published: March 2019

Background:
There is currently no reliable treatment for secondary lymphedema caused by lymph node dissection or radiotherapy; however, stem cell–based regenerative medicine is emerging as a promising remedy for such complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of adipose-derived stem cells on lymphangiogenesis involving human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells exposed to ionizing radiation.

Methods:
Proliferation, migration, and tube formation were analyzed in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells that were co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells or cultured in adipose-derived stem cell–conditioned medium. The levels of lymphangiogenic factors secreted from adipose-derived stem cells were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blotting.

Results:
Co-culturing with adipose-derived stem cells and the use of adipose-derived stem cell–conditioned medium both significantly promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation in nonirradiated human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. The authors also found that irradiated adipose-derived stem cells had similar alleviative effects on irradiated human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blotting analysis revealed that irradiating adipose-derived stem cells increased their secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it caused no detectable change in their secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A or C, or hepatocyte growth factor.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrated that factors secreted by adipose-derived stem cells contribute to the promotion of lymphangiogenesis in irradiated human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. The authors’ findings also suggest that radiation potentiates the paracrine effects of adipose-derived stem cells by stimulating basic fibroblast growth factor protein expression.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Donor Masks for Facial Transplantation
Authors: Cammarata Michael J. , Wake Nicole , Kantar Rami S. , Maroutsis Margy , Rifkin William J. , Hazen Alexes , Brecht Lawrence E. , Bernstein G. Leslie , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Face transplant teams have an ethical responsibility to restore the donor's likeness after allograft procurement. This has been achieved with masks constructed from facial impressions and three-dimensional printing. The authors compare the accuracy of conventional impression and three-dimensional printing technology.

Methods:
For three subjects, a three-dimensionally–printed mask was created using advanced three-dimensional imaging and PolyJet technology. Three silicone masks were made using an impression technique; a mold requiring direct contact with each subject's face was reinforced by plaster bands and filled with silicone. Digital models of the face and both masks of each subject were acquired with Vectra H1 Imaging or Artec scanners. Each digital mask model was overlaid onto its corresponding digital face model using a seven-landmark coregistration; part comparison was performed. The absolute deviation between each digital mask and digital face model was compared with the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
The absolute deviation (in millimeters) of each digitally printed mask model relative to the digital face model was significantly smaller than that of the digital silicone mask model (subject 1, 0.61 versus 1.29, p < 0.001; subject 2, 2.59 versus 2.87, p < 0.001; subject 3, 1.77 versus 4.20, p < 0.001). Mean cost and production times were $720 and 40.2 hours for three-dimensionally printed masks, and $735 and 11 hours for silicone masks.

Conclusions:
Surface analysis shows that three-dimensionally–printed masks offer greater surface accuracy than silicone masks. Greater donor resemblance without additional risk to the allograft may make three-dimensionally–printed masks the superior choice for face transplant teams.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
Evaluating mortality outlier hospitals to improve the quality of care in emergency general surgery
Authors: Becher Robert D. , DeWane Michael P. , Sukumar Nitin , Stolar Marilyn J. , Gill Thomas M. , Maung Adrian A. , Schuster Kevin M. , Davis Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Expected performance rates for various outcome metrics are a hallmark of hospital quality indicators used by Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and National Quality Forum. The identification of outlier hospitals with above- and below-expected mortality for emergency general surgery (EGS) operations is therefore of great value for EGS quality improvement initiatives. The aim of this study was to determine hospital variation in mortality after EGS operations, and compare characteristics between outlier hospitals.

METHODS
Using data from the California State Inpatient Database (2010–2011), we identified patients who underwent one of eight common EGS operations. Expected mortality was obtained from a Bayesian model, adjusting for both patient- and hospital-level variables. A hospital-level standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was constructed (ratio of observed to expected deaths). Only hospitals performing three or more of each operation were included. An “outlier” hospital was defined as having an SMR with 80% confidence interval that did not cross 1.0. High- and low-mortality SMR outliers were compared.

RESULTS
There were 140,333 patients included from 220 hospitals. Standardized mortality ratio varied from a high of 2.6 (mortality, 160% higher than expected) to a low of 0.2 (mortality, 80% lower than expected); 12 hospitals were high SMR outliers, and 28 were low SMR outliers. Standardized mortality was over three times worse in the high SMR outliers compared with the low SMR outliers (1.7 vs. 0.5; p < 0.001). Hospital-, patient-, and operative-level characteristics were equivalent in each outlier group.

CONCLUSION
There exists significant hospital variation in standardized mortality after EGS operations. High SMR outliers have significant excess mortality, while low SMR outliers have superior EGS survival. Common hospital-level characteristics do not explain the wide gap between underperforming and overperforming outlier institutions. These findings suggest that SMR can help guide assessment of EGS performance across hospitals; further research is essential to identify and define the hospital processes of care which translate into optimal EGS outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic Study, level III.
Target of selective auditory attention can be robustly followed with MEG
Authors: Kurmanavičiūtė Dovilė , Kataja Hanna , Jas Mainak , Välilä Anne , Parkkonen Lauri 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSelective auditory attention enables filtering of relevant acoustic information from irrelevant. Specific auditory responses, measurable by magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG), are known to be modulated by attention to the evoking stimuli. However, such attention effects have typically been studied in unnatural conditions (e.g. during dichotic listening of pure tones) and have been demonstrated mostly in averaged auditory evoked responses.To test how reliably we can detect the attention target from unaveraged brain responses, we recorded MEG data from 15 healthy subjects that were presented with two human speakers uttering continuously the words “Yes” and “No” in an interleaved manner. The subjects were asked to attend to one speaker. To investigate which temporal and spatial aspects of the responses carry the most information about the target of auditory attention, we performed spatially and temporally resolved classification of the unaveraged MEG responses using a support vector machine.Sensor-level decoding of the responses to attended vs. unattended words resulted in a mean accuracy of 79% ± 2% (N= 14) for both stimulus words. The discriminating information was mostly available 200–400 ms after the stimulus onset. Spatially-resolved source-level decoding indicated that the most informative sources were in the auditory cortices, in both the left and right hemisphere.Our result corroborates attention modulation of auditory evoked responses and shows that such modulations are detectable in unaveraged MEG responses at high accuracy, which could be exploited e.g. in an intuitive brain–computer interface.