bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industry influence on public health policy formulation in the UK: a complex systems approach
Authors: van den Akker Amber , Fabbri Alice , Bertscher Adam , Gilmore Anna B , Knai Cecile , Cavill Nick , Rutter Harry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling, ultra-processed food and beverage producers are known to influence policy-making to advance their interests, often to the detriment of public health goals. This study mapped the complex system underpinning UCI’s influence on public health policy formulation in the UK and identified potential interventions to shift the system towards being able to better attain public health goals. We conducted a participatory systems mapping workshop with ten experts to build a causal loop diagram (CLD) and identify potential interventions to address UCI’s influence on public health policy development. The resulting CLD depicts a highly interconnected and reinforcing system driving UCI’s involvement in public health policy formulation across five thematic areas. Among the most connected elements were the ‘dominance of market mechanisms’, ‘perception of partnership as good governance principle’, ‘industry involvement lending perceived legitimacy to the policy formulation process’, ‘industry is seen as part of the solution’ and ‘industry ties to policy-makers’. Participants identified a total of 22 interventions within this system. Analysis of the CLD and interventions identified the potential for two key paradigmatic changes in this complex system: de-normalizing the perception of unhealthy commodity industry actors as legitimate stakeholders in policy formulation; and prioritizing public health and wellbeing objectives over profit and economic gain. In order to shift the system towards better attaining public health goals, interventions should reinforce each other and be supportive of these two key paradigmatic shifts.
A thematic analysis of tobacco industry responses to the Scottish Government’s consultation on e-cigarette regulation
Authors: Hamilton Billie , Ponsford Ruth , Hartwell Greg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
E-cigarette use is increasing rapidly across the world. Governments have begun to tighten regulation principally to prevent uptake by young people and non-smokers. As tobacco industry ownership of the e-cigarette market grows, it is important to be aware of how industry is seeking to influence the regulation of e-cigarettes. Using thematic analysis, this research examines the explicit arguments and implicit tactics used in responses from the tobacco industry and linked organizations to Scotland’s 2022 consultation ‘Vaping Products—Tightening Rules on Advertising and Promoting’. The themes that emerged in the analysis were compared to tactics and arguments identified in past research on the tobacco industry to look for continuations and divergences. While the research finds continuation of historic arguments and tactics being used in the submissions, it also highlights important novel tactics and framings employed by tobacco industry actors, including incorporating outdated data and calling for UK-wide policy despite this being a devolved issue. Policymakers must remain alert to the strategies being used by the tobacco industry, so they are able to prioritize public health rather than the interests of industries that put profit before health.
Addressing the commercial determinants of mental health: an umbrella review of population-level interventions
Authors: Tompson Alice , Alkasaby Muhammed , Choudhury Tahrima , Dun-Campbell Kate , Hartwell Greg , Körner Katherine , Maani Nason , van Schalkwyk May C I , Petticrew Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that commercial determinants impact mental health. Addressing the commercial determinants may therefore be a way of improving population-level mental health. This umbrella review aimed to provide an overview of evidence in this field and identify knowledge gaps. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were searched on the 18/19 of July 2022. Eligible papers were systematic reviews published after 31 December 2011. No geographical limits were applied. Eligible interventions were those that targeted the behaviours or products of commercial actors. Ineligible interventions included individual behaviour change interventions, such as those seeking to educate consumers. Included mental health outcomes were anxiety, depression, self-harm and suicide, whilst surrogate outcomes included product consumption. Industry involvement and the quality of included reviews (critical components of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews - AMSTAR 2) were assessed. A narrative synthesis was used to compare the findings by industry, and a typology of interventions was developed. Eight reviews with mental health outcomes were included, each with multiple methodological weaknesses. There is some evidence that reducing the availability of alcohol or pesticides may lower suicide rates. Despite the known links, no evidence on the mental health impacts of population-level interventions tackling the social media, tobacco, gambling and ultra-processed foods industries were located. All gambling reviews were identified as having links to industry. Future high-quality evaluations of commercial determinants interventions developed specifically with the aim of achieving positive mental health outcomes and/or that evaluate mental health outcomes and are free from industry links are needed.
PROSPERO ref. number CRD42022346002.
Adverse effects of antidepressants and monitoring practices in adult patients at a psychiatric outpatient department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Muhammed Oumer Sada , Hassen Minimize , Tages Haneal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Available studies showed that antidepressants (ATDs) and antipsychotics are most frequently associated with adverse effects (AEs), which account for ~90% of all AEs in the psychiatry department. These AEs can range from mild to serious or potentially lethal events and pose a significant threat to the physical and mental well-being of patients leading to decreased quality of life, reduced drug adherence, and increased healthcare costs.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported ATD-related AEs among patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia, and examine current monitoring practices and corrective measures undertaken.

Method
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric OPD of TASH from 1 April 2023 to 30 May 2023. Descriptive analysis was done to summarize the quantitative data. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of occurrence of ATD-related AEs.

Results
The overall prevalence of self-reported ATD-related AEs was 51.3%. The two most reported classes of ATDs were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (52.8%) and tricyclic ATDs (47.2%). Across all the utilized ATDs, sedation (46.2%), dry mouth (31.4%), constipation (21.8%), and sexual dysfunction (18.6%) were the most frequently exhibited AEs. Alas, roughly 60.3% of patients have never been asked by healthcare providers about their AEs. When AEs occurred, only 21.2% of patients consulted healthcare professionals for genuine guidance and support. Old age (odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–7.40), duration of treatment of &gt;1 year (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.07–4.43), daily ingestion of more than five pills (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 0.99–14.76), presence of asthma (OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.02–11.68), and taking other psychotropic agents (OR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.40–6.07) were significantly associated with the occurrence of ATD-related AEs.

Conclusion
This study unveiled a high prevalence of AEs among patients taking ATDs. Advanced age, long treatment duration, daily ingestion of more than five pills, presence of asthma, and taking other psychotropic medications were predictors of ATD-related AE occurrence.
Impact of Multicohort Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Cervical Cancer in Women Below 30 Years of Age: Lessons Learned From the Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Nygård Ståle , Falkenthal Thea Eline Hetland , Sture Tina , Lynge Elsebeth , Elfström Miriam , Nygård Mari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Scandinavia, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs started in 2007–2008 in Sweden and Denmark with HPV vaccination offered to multiple cohorts of young girls, while in Norway this was offered to a single cohort only. Interestingly, in Sweden and Denmark, cervical cancer incidence in young women decreased markedly from 2017 to 2018, while in Norway a steady increase was seen until 2020. As the 3 countries are very similar in other factors important for cervical cancer incidence rates, like cervical cancer screening, the observed difference is most likely due to differences in the multicohort vaccination.
skycurtains: model-agnostic search for stellar streams with Gaia data
Authors: Sengupta Debajyoti , Mulligan Stephen , Shih David , Raine John Andrew , Golling Tobias 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present skycurtains, a data-driven and model-agnostic method to search for stellar streams in the Milky Way galaxy using data from the Gaia telescope.skycurtains is a weakly supervised machine learning algorithm that builds a background enriched template in the signal region by leveraging the correlation of the source’s characterizing features with their proper motion in the sky. The minimal model assumptions in the skycurtains method allow for a flexible and efficient search for various kinds of anomalies such as streams, globular clusters, or dwarf galaxies directly from the data. We test the performance of skycurtains on the GD-1 stream and show that it is able to recover the stream with a purity of 75.4 per cent which is an improvement of over 10 per cent over existing machine learning-based methods while retaining a signal efficiency of 37.9 per cent.
Single-stranded DNA with internal base modifications mediates highly efficient knock-in in primary cells using CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Kanke Karen L , Rayner Rachael E , Bozik Jack , Abel Eli , Venugopalan Aparna , Suu Ma , Nouri Reza , Stack Jacob T , Guo Gongbo , Vetter Tatyana A , Cormet-Boyaka Estelle , Hester Mark E , Vaidyanathan Sriram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates along with Cas9 have been used for knocking-in exogenous sequences in the genome but suffer from low efficiency. Here, we show that ssDNA with chemical modifications in 12–19% of internal bases, which we denote as enhanced ssDNA (esDNA), improve knock-in (KI) by 2–3-fold compared to end-modified ssDNA in airway basal stem cells (ABCs), CD34 + hematopoietic cells (CD34 + cells), T-cells and endothelial cells. Over 50% of alleles showed KI in three clinically relevant loci (CFTR, HBB and CCR5) in ABCs using esDNA and up to 70% of alleles showed KI in the HBB locus in CD34 + cells in the presence of a DNA-PKcs inhibitor. This level of correction is therapeutically relevant and is comparable to adeno-associated virus-based templates. The esDNA templates did not improve KI in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This may be due to the absence of the nuclease TREX1 in iPSCs. Indeed, knocking out TREX1 in other cells improved KI using unmodified ssDNA. esDNA can be used to modify 20–30 bp regions in primary cells for therapeutic applications and biological modeling. The use of this approach for gene length insertions will require new methods to produce long chemically modified ssDNA in scalable quantities.
Socioeconomic Variation in Tobacco Smoking Among the Adult Population in Ireland
Authors: Valentelyte Gintare , Sheridan Aishling , Kavanagh Paul , Doyle Frank , Sorensen Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Differences in smoking prevalence across socioeconomic groups are a major driver of health inequalities. Although smoking prevalence continues to decline across most developed countries, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking still persist. While Ireland is among a small number of countries with a tobacco-endgame goal set to achieve a smoking prevalence of 5% by 2025, the challenge this presents by socioeconomic status is uncharted.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed how differences in smoking status across various socioeconomic groups have changed over time in the adult population in Ireland. We used cross-sectional smoking data from the national population-based Healthy Ireland Survey for 2015–2022 (n = 52 494). Educational attainment and area-based deprivation were used as socioeconomic indicators. Socioeconomic differences and changes in inequality over time were identified using the relative index of inequality (RII). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between socioeconomic status and daily smoking, occasional smoking, former smoking, and never smoking with adjustment for sex, age, and survey year.

Results
We observed the highest daily smoking rates among the least educated (OR = 11.62; 95% CI = 9.91, 13.63) and individuals living in the most deprived areas (OR = 4.23; 95% CI = 3.55, 5.04). Additionally, we identified significant relative smoking inequalities over the observation period continued to increase, among the least educated (RII = 2.86, 95%CI = 2.63, 3.09) and individuals living in the most deprived areas (RII = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.36, 2.93)

Conclusions
Despite generally reducing smoking prevalence, socioeconomic inequalities continue to widen among the smoking population in Ireland.

Implications
As the tobacco endgame deadline of 2025 is fast approaching, this study highlights the urgent need to consider potential effects across the lowest socioeconomic status groups when implementing equity-oriented tobacco control policies.
Impact of Hispanic Ethnicity on Adolescent Tobacco Use Estimates in the United States
Authors: Mantey Dale S , Perez Adriana , Wilkinson Anna V , Clendennen Stephanie L , Montgomery LaTrice , Harrell Melissa B 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
National estimates of tobacco use are reported by racial category after excluding all individuals who identify as Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic [NH], Black, and NH-White). In this study, we assess the impact of excluding Hispanics from racial categories on national estimates of youth tobacco use in the United States.

Aims and Methods
We pooled four years of Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) data (2015–2021). Participants were n = 60 327 high school students (9–12th grade). We report the prevalence of past 30-day (current) use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and electronic cigarettes, stratified by racial category: (1) American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN); (2) Asian; (3) Black; (4) Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI); (5) White; (6) multiracial; and (7) unspecific. Within racial category, we compared the prevalence for each product between NH and Hispanic youth; comparisons controlled for sex, grade, and year.

Results
Descriptively, the majority of AI/ANs (75.6%) and Pacific Islanders (58.9%) identified as Hispanics, as did a minority of multiracial (20.6%), White (14.6%), Black (8.2%), and Asian (7.9%) youth. Prevalence estimates were significantly greater for all four tobacco products among Hispanic-Asian and Hispanic-Black youth, relative to their NH counterparts. Conversely, tobacco use was lower among Hispanic-White youth relative to NH-Whites.

Conclusions
Systematically removing Hispanics from classification within each racial category results in an underestimation of tobacco use among Asian and Black youth, an overestimation of tobacco use among White youth, and unstable estimates among AI/AN and NHOPI youth. These findings challenge the utility of the “race/ethnicity” variable in the study of youth in the United States.

Implications
Findings highlight the need to reconsider the operationalization of “race/ethnicity” which currently excludes Hispanics from each racial category. Hispanic ethnicity appears to function as a “within-group” difference; the study of these within-group differences may provide unique insights into tobacco use disparities.
From Smoking to Vaping: The Motivation for E-cigarette Use at the Neurobiological Level—A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Grundinger Nadja , Andreas Marike , Lohner Valerie , Schneider Sven , Mons Ute , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are considered a potential aid for smoking cessation. This study investigates the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the motivational properties of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco cigarettes and provides insights into their addictive potential and implications for smoking cessation.

Aims and Methods
The study included 47 daily e-cigarette users, the majority of whom were former smokers (n = 43), and 28 nicotine-naïve participants as controls. Among the e-cigarette users, 32 individuals currently used e-cigarettes exclusively, while 15 also used tobacco cigarettes (dual users). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine anticipatory brain activation to reward-predictive stimuli for money, e-liquid, or tobacco cigarettes, as well as the instrumental response to obtain each reward.

Results
Exclusive e-cigarette users demonstrated increased activation in limbic regions, for example, the nucleus accumbens, during the anticipation of e-liquid and money over tobacco cigarettes. Prefrontal regions showed greater activation during the anticipation of money compared to e-liquid or tobacco cigarettes. Dual users showed greater activation for money compared to tobacco cigarettes in the hippocampal limbic system. No significant differences were observed in the anticipation of e-liquid and tobacco cigarettes among dual users.

Conclusions
E-cigarettes are perceived as equally rewarding as money, highlighting their addictive potential. Among exclusive e-cigarette users, money and e-liquid have stronger motivational properties than tobacco cigarettes (even among former smokers), suggesting that e-cigarettes may be an effective tool for tobacco cessation. The comparable appeal of e-liquid and tobacco cigarettes among dual users may suggest that a complete switch to e-cigarettes may be more effective for smoking cessation.

Implications
It is important to understand the motivational properties of e-cigarettes, particularly compared to traditional tobacco products. E-cigarettes with little or no addictive potential might not be effective as a substitute for tobacco cigarettes; however, a high addictive potential would, conversely, pose a risk to nonsmokers. Our data suggest that e-cigarettes have a sufficiently high addictive potential to make them an attractive alternative for smokers, especially if they switch completely from tobacco to e-cigarettes.
The 1970s: Neoconceptualism and the Future of Tort Law
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For those inclined to adopt a cyclical view of history, the course of scholarship in tort law over the past hundred years might furnish a source of stimulation. We have seen, emerging in the late nineteenth century and cresting in the early twentieth, impulses toward the conceptualization of the subject of Torts and the espousal of overarching theories of tort law; and then, beginning in the early years of the twentieth century and becoming dominant in the 1930s and 1940s, a reaction against conceptualism, an atomizing of the subject of Torts, and a resistance to comprehensive theorizing. One can also see, beginning irregularly in the 1960s and gaining considerable momentum in the 1970s, the rebirth of conceptualist perspectives. Literature that can fairly be called neoconceptualist has begun to dominate recent Torts scholarship, and while the theoretical offerings of contemporary scholars bear little resemblance as manifestos of social policy to the offerings of Holmes and his nineteenth-century contemporaries, they represent a distinct break with the intellectual assumptions of the Realists and the consensus thinkers of the 1950s. Comprehensive, abstract, generalized theory has reappeared in Torts literature.
Melodic Techniques
Authors: Maler Anabel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Theories of melody are based on the notion that musical melodies involve pitches and the intervals between pitches; however, sign language music does not necessarily involve sounding pitch. This chapter argues that the concept of melody is still useful for understanding and analyzing sign language music, when melody is understood in terms of common melodic competence within a given culture: in other words, what everybody sings. It provides a fundamental definition of sign language melody as involving the directed, purposeful movement of the body through the signing space, which uses movements and holds to create dynamic, kinetic lines. Using ten different signed performances of “The Star-Spangled Banner,” the chapter explores the elements that characterize signing melodic behavior, as well as the elements that define a melodic signing voice. The chapter closes with an extended analysis of Rosa Lee Timm’s interpretation of the song “Blown Away,” revealing how a signer’s melodic lines can shape the form of a song, and provides a framework for understanding sign language polyphony.
Reorienting the Collection
Authors: Martelli Francesca K. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 looks to the heart of ad Fam., where we find a strange anomaly in the collection’s pattern of authorship, which elsewhere consists largely of letters penned by Cicero to other people: Fam. 8 reverses this pattern insofar as it consists entirely of letters penned by someone else to him. This chapter traces what it means to find the other side of a correspondence systematically represented within this central book. It shows how the evacuation of the Ciceronian author from this central point in the collection is complemented by a striking metaphor that emerges within Fam. 8: Caelius’s repeated references to the games that he is beholden to host as a newly elected aedile, and comparison of the feud unfolding between Caesar and Pompey to a spectacle entertainment, evoke, for imperial readers, the anachronistic image of the amphitheatre. This image provides a suggestive metaphor for the kinds of spectacle that the letters afford once assembled and published in the new medium of the codex, which imposes a concrete form on the ad Fam. that resembles the amphitheatre, and which makes the letters available for a wider readership, much as the arena facilitates mass entertainment in the imperial age.
Data Ethics and the Power of Data
Authors: César Caballero Reinoso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
César Caballero Reinoso provides his perspective as both a practitioner and a generator of data who spanned analytical and policy roles both in and out of government. A former director of the Colombian census bureau (DANE) and a pollster, Caballero reflects on the importance of data and decision-making transparency and standing one’s ground in the face of seduction by—and pressure from—powerful political actors. Caballero describes how he set and adhered to clear moral standards and redlines which he would not cross, even while coping with risks as extreme as death threats, among other forms of retaliation. When he decided to quit his government position to avoid compromising his values, he started a survey company and continued to follow his ethical north star. Working with his employees, he veered into “partnered engagement” by developing an inclusionary and participatory process for them to collectively decide on their preferred research topics and policy engagement approaches. Caballero’s experience also serves as a source of inspiration: if he could make responsible engagement choices under such real-world and personal pressures, then scholars facing less intense dynamics during their research and engagements can do so as well.