bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The construction and validation of the Severe Asthma Questionnaire
Authors: Hyland Michael E. , Jones Rupert C. , Lanario Joseph W. , Masoli Matthew 
Published: May 2018

The US Food and Drug Administration's procedure for scale validation requires a documented stepwise process of qualitative and quantitative data. The aim of this paper is to provide final quantitative validating data for the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ).The SAQ, Asthma Control Test, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and EQ-5D-5L were completed by 160 patients attending a severe asthma clinic; 51 patients completed the SAQ on two occasions for test–retest reliability analysis. The SAQ produces two scores, a SAQ score based on the average of 16 items and a SAQ-global score from a single 100-point global quality of life scale.Construct validity was demonstrated by factor analysis of the 16 items, convergent validity by correlations of >0.6 between the SAQ, SAQ-global and other questionnaires, and discriminant validity by the ability of the SAQ and SAQ-global to distinguish between different treatment levels. Test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation) was 0.93 for the SAQ and 0.93 for the SAQ-global, and the alpha coefficient for the SAQ was 0.93.The SAQ was developed using recommended qualitative and quantitative procedures for scale development, and can be used to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of how severe asthma and its treatment affects their lives.
Survey of ultrasound practice amongst podiatrists in the UK
Authors: Siddle Heidi J. , Patience Aimie , Coughtrey James , Mooney Jean , Fox Martin , Cherry Lindsey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound in podiatry practice encompasses musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, vascular hand‐held Doppler ultrasound and therapeutic ultrasound. Sonography practice is not regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with no requirement to hold a formal qualification. The College of Podiatry does not currently define ultrasound training and competencies.This study aimed to determine the current use of ultrasound, training received and mentorship received and/or provided by podiatrists using ultrasound.MethodsA quantitative study utilising a cross‐sectional, on‐line, single‐event survey was undertaken within the UK.ResultsCompleted surveys were received from 284 podiatrists; 173 (70%) use ultrasound as part of their general practice, 139 (49%) for musculoskeletal problems, 131 (46%) for vascular assessment and 39 (14%) to support their surgical practice. Almost a quarter (n = 62) worked for more than one organisation; 202 (71%) were employed by the NHS and/or private sector (n = 118, 41%).Nearly all (93%) respondents report using a hand‐held vascular Doppler in their daily practice; 216 (82%) to support decisions regarding treatment options, 102 (39%) to provide diagnostic reports for other health professionals, and 34 (13%) to guide nerve blocks.Ultrasound imaging was used by 104 (37%) respondents primarily to aid clinical decision making (n = 81) and guide interventions (steroid injections n = 67; nerve blocks n = 39). Ninety‐three percent stated they use ultrasound imaging to treat their own patients, while others scan at the request of other podiatrists (n = 28) or health professionals (n = 18). Few use ultrasound imaging for research (n = 7) or education (n = 2).Only 32 (11%) respondents (n = 20 private sector) use therapeutic ultrasound to treat patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, namely tendon pathologies.Few respondents (18%) had completed formal post‐graduate CASE (Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education) accredited ultrasound courses.Forty (14%) respondents receive ultrasound mentorship; the majority from fellow podiatrists (n = 17) or medical colleagues (n = 15). Over half (n = 127) who do not have ultrasound mentorship indicated they would like a mentor predominantly for ultrasound imaging. Fifty‐five (19%) report they currently provide ultrasound mentorship for others.ConclusionsUnderstanding the scope of ultrasound practice, the training undertaken and the requirements for mentorship will underpin the development of competencies and recommendations defined by the College of Podiatry to support professional development and ensure safe practice.
Immediate effects of rest periods on balance control in patients after stroke. A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Elsner Bernhard , Schweder Simon , Mehrholz Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objectives
This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of two different rest periods between as set of balance exercises after stroke during inpatient rehabilitation.

Results
Twenty patients after stroke [11 males; mean (SD) age 65.4 (11.5) years; duration of illness 5.3 (3.4) weeks; 16 (80%) left-sided strokes] were randomly allocated into two groups of either a full rest (FR) of 4 min (n = 10) or a short rest (SR) of 1 min between exercise sets (n = 10). Patients improved from baseline until immediately after exercises in one-leg standing time on the affected leg [SR: mean difference 5.1 s (SD 10.3) and FR: 2.0 s (2.4)] and tandem standing time (TST). [SR: 14.9 s (SD 24.6) and FR: 5.7 s (12.0)], but OLST and TST did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.35 and p = 0.52, respectively).
Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively in the German Register of Clinical Trials with the ID: DRKS00013979
Selling Smiles: Emotional Labor and Labor-Management Relations in 1930s Colonial Korean Department Stores
Authors: Oh Jinseok , Kahm Howard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Department stores were the most luxurious retail institutions in colonial Korea in terms of their architecture, interior design, and product offerings. While Korean department stores closely resembled their Western and Japanese counterparts in form and function, the Korean department stores were unique for their position in developing retail practices and policies within a colonial context. Specifically, department stores hired young female workers to provide emotional labor to both customers and managers, which illustrated the transition from precapitalist to capitalist modes of emotional labor. Furthermore, the creation of a corporate culture and employee training programs that demanded a specific type of emotional labor resulted in various reactions from the employees, including complaints, criminal acts and violence, and the rise of class and political consciousness. Consequently, the evolution of labor-management relations in 1930s Korean department stores offers a gendered perspective on the economic and cultural aspects of Japanese control over life on the Korean peninsula, particularly through the bottom-up view of female department store workers.
Playful Interactions between Twins with Autism and Teachers and Peers: a Case Study
Authors: Kypriotaki Μaria Antonios , Markodimitraki Maria Eleftherios 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the present analytically structured empirical case study was to explore the interactions which twins display during playing with their teachers and peers in a Special Nursery Unit. Two 5.5-year-old twin brothers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participated in this study, along with two teachers and seven non-typically developing peers. Non participant observations were made for four full-time school days in four consecutive weeks. We observed the frequency, initiations, and duration of playful interactions in a naturalistic context. Results derived from the analysis of video-recordings and documents from the school service records indicate that twin brothers with autism take initiative in order to become interactive partners in their dyadic play with their non-typically developing peers although, when so, interactions do not last longer. In twins’ dyadic interactions with their teachers, they never take the initiative to any playful interaction. There are also indications that twin brothers are engaged in interactive rather than solitary play. Findings provide a starting point for a new approach of the twin situation and the extraordinary etiological heterogeneity of ASD in terms of Innate Intersubjectivity Theory.
Recent advances in understanding and managing infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Aguilar Claire , Husain Shahid , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: May 2018

Background:Undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT) exposes the recipient to various infectious risks, including possible transmission of pathogen by the transplanted organ, post-surgical infections, reactivation of latent pathogens, or novel infections.Recent advances:In the last few years, the emergence of Zika virus has raised concerns in the transplant community. Few cases have been described in SOT patients, and these were associated mainly with moderate disease and favorable outcome; the notable exception is a recent case of fatal meningo-encephalopathy in a heart transplant recipient. Because of the advances in treating hepatitis C, several teams recently started to use organs from hepatitis C-positive donors. The worldwide increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as the increasing incidence ofClostridioidesdifficileinfection, is of particular concern in SOT patients. In the field of mycology, the main recent therapeutic advance is the availability of isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. This drug has the advantage of minimal interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. Regarding the viral reactivations occurring after transplant, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still a significant issue in SOT patients. The management of resistant CMV remains particularly difficult. The approval of letermovir, albeit in bone marrow transplantation, and the therapeutic trial of maribavir bring a ray of hope. Another advancement in management of post-transplant infections is the development ofin vitrotests evaluating pathogen-specific immune response, such as immunodiagnostics for CMV and, more recently, tests for monitoring immunity against BK virus.Conclusion:The increasing number of organ transplantations, the use of newer immunosuppressive drugs, and high-risk donors continue to define the landscape of transplant infectious diseases in the current era.
Use of a depression and sleep impairment treatment guideline to improve quality of life for patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Simo Sheran M , Siela Debra 
Published: May 2018

Background: Pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) is often joined by other affective disorders such as depression and/or sleep impairment that can impact pain levels and quality of life (QoL). Aim: To develop a guideline to improve the process of assessment and treatment of depression and sleep impairment in patients admitted with SCD. Method: An interdisciplinary team used the Stetler model to create the Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Depression and Sleep Impairment in Sickle Cell Disease. Patients were assessed, offered treatments and reassessed during the project period. Results: Both depression and QoL scores showed significant improvement by the end of the project. Significant correlations were found between pain, depression and sleep; depression, pain, sleep and QoL; sleep, pain and depression; and QoL and depression. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary teams are effective in creating a guideline to assess and treat depression and sleep impairment and their effects on pain and QoL in patients with SCD.
Formation of Arrested States in Natural Di- and Trioctahedral Smectite Dispersions Compared to Those in Synthetic Hectorite — A Macro- and Microrheological Study
Authors: Pilavtepe M. , Delavernhe L. , Steudel A. , Schumann R. , Willenbacher N. , Emmerich K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effect of natural clay-mineral properties on the rheological behavior of dispersion is very important in new geotechnical and industrial applications. The colloidal behavior of natural clay minerals with various octahedral structures was investigated using macro- and microrheological measurements and compared with the behavior of synthetic hectorite. In the present study montmorillonite (dioctahedral smectite of Volclay), natural hectorite (trioctahedral smectite of SHCa-1 Source Clay), and the synthetic trioctahedral smectite Laponite®, with lateral layer dimensions of 277, 100, and 30 nm, respectively, were used. The structure formation, kinetics of aging, and broad bandwidth viscoelastic response (10-2 — 106 rad/s) of their dispersions were obtained using mechanical shear and squeeze flow rheometry combined with diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) and multiple particle tracking (MPT) microrheology. State diagrams were determined at inherent pH considering the clay-mineral and NaCl concentrations as well as the kinetics of structure formation and sample aging. Due to the larger mean layer diameter and greater layer-charge density of natural clay-minerals, their sol—gel transitions occurred at higher solid and NaCl concentrations than those of Laponite®. Structure formation was faster at pH < pHPZC,edge than at pH > pHPZC,edge (point of zero charge at the edge). The long-term aging of natural clay-mineral samples was less pronounced in the glass state than in the gel state, in contrast to the findings for Laponite®. The storage modulus, G’, of clay-mineral dispersions in arrested states remained essentially constant in a wide frequency range (up to 100 rad/s), as expected. The corresponding plateau value of G’ depends on the number of particle contacts per volume and, hence, increased with decreasing particle size at a given concentration. The dissipation mechanisms determining the high-frequency loss modulus, G", however, are independent of particle size and, accordingly, the high-frequency crossover of G’ and G" shifted to higher values when the particle size decreased. The MPT data revealed structural refinement on the submicrometer length scale during the aging of weak hectorite gels, which was similar to the results for Laponite®. No refinement, however, occurred for montmorillonite in the glass or strong gel state.
Culture as soft power: Digital branding by Catalonia, the Basque Country and Scotland
Authors: Johnson Melissa A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to emphasize autonomous and separatist regions in the nation branding and public diplomacy communication literature, and to highlight how promoting culture can convey soft power. In particular, the short article illuminates the practical aspects of branding: especially the visual element that has received limited attention in prior public diplomacy studies. Examples from government websites of Catalonia, the Basque Country and Scotland are used to illustrate the concepts. The examples counter concerns that nation branding homogenizes global cultures. In fact, emphases on cultures convey distinctive identities. The three regions’ soft power is also generated by communicating ideals such as innovativeness, collaboration, social justice and government transparency. As the Catalan crisis indicated, branding is vital to both international and domestic audiences to achieve public diplomacy goals.
The emergence of the showrunner in global contemporary TV fiction: The case of Pau Freixas in Catalonia
Authors: Cascajosa-Virino Concepción 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article approaches the television career of Pau Freixas, screenwriter, director and producer of the series Polseres vermelles (2012–13), Cites (2013–16) and Sé quién eres (2017). The television works of Pau Freixas epitomise three recent changes experienced in the creation of television fiction. First, the international emergence of the showrunner, a key characteristic of the American TV industry, that has expanded globally as a symbol of creative autonomy. Second, Pau Freixas’ career marks an ongoing tendency on contemporary Spanish TV: many directors began their career in cinema but have ended up working in television, making him a rara avis as a showrunner-director. Last, he has developed the most important part of his career in the Catalan public television channel, TV3, where he matured as a storyteller in a way that, in the context of contemporary television, has facilitated remarkable international success for his works.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sabido Ruth Sanz , Espluga Josep , Caballero Antonio , Rojas Néstor David Polo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Posmemoria de la Guerra Civil y el Franquismo: Narrativas Audiovisuales y Producciones Culturales En El Siglo Xxi, Laia Quílez Esteve and José Carlos Rueda Laffond (eds) (2017) Granada: Editorial Comares, 256 pp., ISBN: 9788490454947, p/bk, 21€
Retrotopía, Zygmunt Bauman (2017) Barcelona: Paidós, 172 pp., ISBN: 9788449333224, p/bk 15.95€
Masculinidades Disidentes, Rafael M. Mérida Jiménez (ed.) (2016) Barcelona: Editorial Icaria, 256 pp., ISBN: 9788498887327, p/bk, 20€
Productos Transmediáticos e Imaginario Cultural: Arqueología Transmedia, Patricia Trapero Llobera and María Isabel Escalas Ruíz (eds) (2017) Palma: Ediciones UIB, 216 pp., ISBN: 978-84-8384-349-9, p/bk, 19€
Colombian portrayals of the Iraq war: The views of the national newspaper El Tiempo
Authors: Barrios Marta Milena , Uribe-Jongbloed Enrique , Vega-Estarita Lina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study analysed coverage of the Iraq War during 2003–04 in the only Colombian national newspaper during the time, El Tiempo, to establish how the attributes of this conflict, as represented through this medium, were perceived by its audience. We conducted a thematic analysis of 500 news items and 71 letters to the editor (LTE) to establish the polarity of these texts. Findings showed that the negative tone of the coverage seemed related to a strong negative reaction from the public. This supports the first level of influence from agenda-setting theory, since the Iraq War was an important issue for journalists and the public alike. There is also evidence of a second level of influence with regards to the issues reported being considered negative. LTE were gauged in terms of how they criticized coverage of the war, with the particular finding that journalistic professionalism was questioned following bias accusations about the qualifications of the parties at war. Overall, the wider perspective on public concerns offered by this study could help guide journalistic coverage of the Colombian post-conflict phase.
Journalism in the age of hybridization: Los vagabundos de la chatarra – comics journalism, data, maps and advocacy
Authors: Gutiérrez Miren , Rodríguez María Pilar , de Guereñu Juan Manuel Díaz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The process of hybridization has pervaded all fields of human communication; journalism and activism are no exceptions. An example is the graphic project Los vagabundos de la chatarra, an editorial undertaking that comprises observations, drawings, data, a map, a video and accounts of the people who gathered and sold scrap metal for a living on the edges of Barcelona during the economic crisis that started in 2007. This exploration is conducted and communicated in an extremely hybrid manner: it visualizes data on a map, it strives for social change, it is journalistic and it has a comic design face. Relying on media literature and critical data studies, discourse analysis and qualitative interviewing, this article examines the multifaceted shapes that activism and journalism are taking in complex times and explores the potential for subversion that such formats offer. The findings suggest that activists and journalists around the world are embarking on unapologetic hybridization, crossing lines between journalism, campaigning and art.
Breaking stereotypes online: Young activists’ use of the Internet for social well-being
Authors: Herrero-Diz Paula , Ramos-Serrano Marina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Internet Technologies for Empowerment and Participation (TEP) have fostered spontaneous bottom-up movements that have allowed young minorities to advocate for initiatives for improving their communities. The most recent theories confirm the emergence of an empowered citizenry thanks to the technology they are using for the common good. Within these positive visions for Internet activism, there is a position that stands out that affirms that there is a gender difference in the use of these technologies; compared to men, ‘young women use the Internet in a way that contributes to social well-being’. A paradigmatic example of this use is the young blogger Malala Yousafzai, who was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize. Using the case study method, this article explores six paradigmatic examples that illustrate the new ways women are empowering themselves through the Internet.
Disinfection action of some essential oils on stainless steel
Authors: Vidács Anita , Krisch Judit , Vágvölgyi Csaba 
Published: May 2018

Bacteria can attach to different surfaces and form biofilm. Biofilms can cause a big problem in food industry by contamination of food items and reduction of the effectiveness of machines. In the biofilm bacteria are less exposed to the different disinfectants, than the free living cells. Essential oils (EO) with known antimicrobial effect can also inhibit biofilm formation. In our experiments minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentrations (MBC) of the investigated EOs: cinnamon, juniper and lemon were determined by macro-dilution method on Pseudomonas putida and E.coli. Cinnamon showed the best antibacterial effect with MBC values of 2 mg/ml for E. coli and 4mg/ml forP.putida. Thebactericidaleffect of EOsdependedontheactingtime. We established 80 minutes for P. putida and 120 (cinnamon EO) and 240 (juniper EO) min forE. coli. The disinfection potential of the EOs were studied on P. putida and E. coli 1 and 7 days old biofilms formed on industrial stainless steel surfaces. Each of the EO was effective. The number of P. putida cells was reduced up to 99% and we had similar result by 1 day old E. coli biofilm. The cell number of 7 days old E. coli biofilm was reduced by 62.5% with cinnamon EO and juniper EO reduced it by 87%.
Environmental friendly method in the sugar-beet production for the colourants removal
Authors: Šereš Zita , Vatai Gyula , Dokić Ljubica , Šoronja-Simović Dragana , Ho Cecília , Ikonić Bojana , Nikolić Ivana , Pajin Biljana 
Published: May 2018

Despite the fact that the sugar industry is one of the causes of the environmental pollution, not enough has been done on its improvement. According to CEFS, specific energy consumption was 31.49 kWh/100 kg sugar beet. While the overall water used is about 15 m3/t sugar beet processed, the consumption of fresh water is 0.25 – 0.4 m3/t sugar beet processed, or even less in modern sugar factories. The separation operation deserves special attention because of its significant consumption of water end energy. Ultrafiltration could be one of the solutions for energy saving and more effective separation of coloured compounds (which during the crystallisation build into the sucrose crystals) from intermediate products from which sucrose directly crystallises. The aim of this experimental work is to determine the influence of operating parameters on the efficiency on coloured matter removal in high concentrated syrup. In this work syrup solution, which is an intermediate product in the phase of sucrose crystallisation, with 60% dry matter content, is the main feed. Experimental investigations were performed on 20 nm ceramic tubular membrane. Effects of colour removal on syrup solution are investigated at 60 and 80 ºC, in the range of transmembrane pressure between 4 and 10 bars. Optimal values of flow rates are chosen between 100 and 400 L/h. For defining the effects of the membrane separation process, permeate flux are determined.Â According to mentioned conditions colour is by 35 - 40 % in average, and turbidity is by 80% in average lower according to the feed. The permeate flux could be reached is 45 L/m2h at flow rate 400 L/h and atÂ 80 ºC.