bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperopic LASIK Following Intracorneal Hydrogel Lens Explantation
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Shabayek Mohamed H 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report hyperopic LASIK results after intracorneal hydrogel lens explantation in a bilateral hyperopic patient.
METHODS: Slit-lamp examination showed diffuse corneal opacity around the lens edge and over the anterior lens surface affecting both eyes with uncorrected visual acuity of 0.4 in the right eye and 0.5 in the left eye.
RESULTS: The intracorneal hydrogel lenses were explanted, and 6 months later hyperopic LASIK using the Schwind ESIRIS excimer laser (Schwind, Kleinostheim, Germany) was performed after lifting the same flap for the intracorneal hydrogel lens implantation. Six months after hyperopic LASIK, visual acuity recovered to the initial preoperative best spectacle-corrected levels: right eye 0.8 with +1.50 D sphere and left eye 0.9 with +1.00 -0.50 × 90°. Central corneal transparency also fully recovered.
CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK is a possible alternative after intracorneal hydrogel lens explantation in hyperopic eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:205-207.]
Wavefront Aberrations in Eyes With Acrysof Monofocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Padmanabhan Prema , Yoon Geunyoung , Porter Jason , Rao Srinivas K , Choudhury Mitalee 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To characterize and measure the ocular aberrations in eyes implanted with monofocal intraocular lenses (I OLs) and to study any correlation between postoperative aberrations and surgical factors.
METHODS: A Tscherning aberroscope was used to measure the wavefront aberrations of 62 eyes that had undergone phacoemulsification with the implantation of foldable monofocal Acrysof MA60BM 10Ls (Alcon Laboratories Ine, Ft Worth, Tex). The Zernike coefficients, measured with a pupil diameter of 6 mm, were compared with those of a normal dataset of 82 eyes of healthy young myopes.

RESULTS: Spherical aberration (Z
p 0
4) was the most predominant higher order aberration, with a mean value of 0.37 ±0.16 µm. A statistically significant linear relationship was noted between the magnitude of postoperative spherical aberration and the dioptric power of the IOL. The mean spherical aberration was 33 times more in the Pseudophakie group than in normal young myopic eyes. The other major higher order aberrations were trefoil (Z^sup -3^
3
) with a mean of -0.13 ±0.22 µm and vertical coma (Z^sup -1^
3
with a mean value of -0.11 ±0.23 ¿im. On average, the root-mean-square of higher order aberrations in Pseudophakie eyes was 2.1 times that in a normal population of young myopic eyes.

CONCLUSIONS: Eyes that undergo cataract surgery with monofocal IOL implantation suffer from significant higher order aberrations. The optical design of the IOL is most likely responsible for the increase in spherical aberration, the magnitude of which is a function of the dioptric power of the IOL [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:237242.]
Scheimpflug Biometry of the Anterior Segment After Implantation of Foldable Iris-fixated Lenses
Authors: Tehrani Mana , Dick H Burkhard 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate intraocular dimensions of the anterior segment of myopic phakic eyes after implantation of foldable iris-fixated lenses.
METHODS: Seventeen myopic eyes that received a foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) were assessed. Distances between the cornea and the IOLoptic edge and between the IOL optic and the crystalline lens were evaluated using Scheimpf lug photography 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: The average postoperative distance between the central corneal endothelium and the anterior surface of the IOL was 2.01±0.26 mm. The distance between the corneal endothelium and the peripheral edge of the IOL averaged 1.32±0.18 mm at the 12 o'clock position and 1.34±0.21 mm at the 6 o'clock position. The distance between the crystalline lens and the posterior surface of the IOL averaged 0.73±0.09 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The high quality of the three-dimensional Scheimpf lug images allowed measurements of intraocular distances in PIOL implanted eyes. Distances between the foldable iris-fixated IOL and crucial surrounding tissues could be determined 3 months postoperatively. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:243-246.]
Intracorneal Asymmetrical Rings for Keratoconus: Where Should the Thicker Segment Be Implanted?
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Shabayek Mohamed H 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a 20-year-old man who presented with monocular diplopia in the right eye with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 0.3 and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 1.0 with -0.50 -3.00 × 45°.
METHODS: Clinical examination and corneal topography revealed grade I keratoconus in the right eye. Intracorneal ring segments (INTACS; Addition Technology, Des Plaines, III) were implanted in May 2004 without surgical complications at 415 µm (70% of the corneal thickness), with the 450-µm segment implanted superiorly and the 250-µm segment inferiorly.
RESULTS: For 2 months postoperatively, BSCVA remained at 0.4 with +1.50 -4.50 × 25°. The segments were reversed, implanting the 450-µm (thick) segment inferiorly and the 250-µ?? (thin) segment superiorly. One week later, UCVA was 1.0 and remained stable for 3 months after reimplantation.
CONCLUSIONS: This report shows that implanting the thicker segment inferiorly provides better visual results. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:307-309.]
Bacillus megaterium Delayed Onset Lamellar Keratitis After LASIK
Authors: Ramos-Esteban Jerome C , Servat Juan Javier , Tauber Shachar , Bia Frank 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the history and clinical presentation of a 23year-old man who developed delayed onset lamellar keratitis in his right eye 2 weeks after uneventful LASIK for correction of myopia.
METHODS: Initial clinical presentation suggested an infectious etiology, which led to therapeutic elevation of the LASIK flap and further microbiologic investigation with bacterial cultures.
RESULTS: Bacterial cultures revealed Bacillus megateri urn, which was sensitive to all antibiotics against which it was tested. Twenty-four hours after initiating aggressive topical and oral antibiotic therapy, symptomatic relief occurred in the affected eye. The patient's uncorrected final visual acuity at 1-year follow-up was 20/15 in the right eye, and the stromal bed developed a faint peripheral non-visually significant scar.
CONCLUSIONS: This case is an unusual presentation and course for microbial keratitis following LASIK, which occurred despite aseptic technique and fluoroquinolone antibiotic prophylaxis. Following refractive surgery one should be prepared to culture the lamellar interface in cases of suspected microbial keratitis and begin aggressive antibiotic therapy. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:309312.]
Dry Eye After LASIK Enhancement by Flap Lifting
Authors: Toda Ikuko , Kato-Asano Naoko , Hori-Komai Yoshiko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine whether dry eye after LASIK recurs after LASIK enhancement.
METHODS: A total of 63 eyes of 42 patients who underwent LASIK enhancement were included in this study. Subjective dry eye symptoms, tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test with anesthesia, fluorescein staining of the cornea, and corneal sensitivity were evaluated before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after enhancement.
RESULTS: The subjective dry eye symptoms remained unchanged before and after LASIK enhancement. Similarly, Schirmer values and tear BUT did not exhibit statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-enhancement values. Compared with the pre-enhancement values, the fluorescein score was higher at 1 month after surgery and further improved at 3 months. In comparison with the pre-enhancement values, the corneal sensitivity was decreased at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients did not complain of dry eye symptoms and tear functions were not compromised after LASIK enhancement. These results suggest that factors other than the neurotrophic effect may contribute to dry eye after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:358-362.]
Professionnalisation des enseignants et démocratisation scolaire : une formation initiale pensée à l’aune de la réduction des inégalités scolaires ?
Authors: Benveniste Claire 
Published: December 2018

Nous cherchons dans cet article à confronter l’« offre de professionnalisation » en formation initiale aux dynamiques de socialisation et de développement professionnel des enseignants débutants du premier degré. Nous adoptons pour cela l’angle particulier de leurs difficultés à faire apprendre une partie de leurs élèves, majoritairement de milieux populaires. Notre étude repose sur des entretiens menés avec des enseignants-stagiaires en fin de formation, les textes officiels nationaux cadrant la formation des maîtres, les maquettes et descriptifs des enseignements de master MEEF, des supports et des notes de cours recueillis dans plusieurs ÉSPÉ. Les données montrent que la formation initiale occulte majoritairement ou isole les apports des recherches qui appréhendent les pratiques enseignantes et les difficultés des élèves comme socialement construites et situées. Malgré des injonctions à mettre en place de « bonnes pratiques », considérées comme « efficaces », ou même démocratisantes, les enseignants du primaire ont finalement peu de ressources en formation initiale pour agir sur les conditions d’un accès égal pour tous aux savoirs scolaires.
Transactions identitaires des formateurs d’agents de prévention et de sécurité et enjeux de professionnalisation
Authors: Hartata Kananny Ag , Perez-Roux Thérèse 
Published: December 2018

Le texte porte sur la construction de l’identité professionnelle chez les formateurs en sécurité privée, dans un secteur en fort développement mais encore faiblement structuré. Il s’intéresse à la fois aux transactions identitaires et aux dynamiques de professionnalisation de ces formateurs, à partir d’une étude des représentations, des valeurs et des pratiques professionnelles « déclarées ». Les données recueillies dans le cadre de la recherche proviennent d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des formateurs en sécurité sur deux terrains différents (centre de formation professionnelle en sécurité privée et lycée professionnel). Les résultats soulignent l’importance du parcours professionnel dans la manière de se positionner en tant que formateur et vis-à-vis des acteurs du terrain. Ils éclairent les modes de relations au sein du groupe des formateurs et avec les formés. Ils permettent de comprendre un rapport à l’activité de formation, organisé autour de valeurs partagées et de représentations de la fonction, plus contrastées selon les secteurs d’intervention. Enfin, l’étude met en avant des enjeux de reconnaissance professionnelle, repérables à différents niveaux.
« La nature ne fait rien en vain »
Authors: Morel Pierre-Marie 
Published: December 2018

La formule célèbre d’Aristote « la nature ne fait rien en vain », telle qu’elle est utilisée dans le traité sur la Locomotion des animaux, invite à reformuler le problème général du finalisme en zoologie et de la conformité à la nature. Bien que cette formule, en première approche, semble aller dans le sens d’une téléologie cosmique ou globale, elle conduit en fait à privilégier une téléologie relative, c’est-à-dire locale, qui opère à l’échelle des êtres vivants. Elle s’applique en effet, non pas de manière absolue, mais relativement aux possibilités définies par la nature de l’espèce (propriétés spécifiques et génériques). Toutefois, elle n’exprime pas seulement le rapport à la finalité organique stricto sensu, mais aussi les conditions nécessaires externes du mouvement animal, conditions qui définissent, pour les espèces et les genres, un régime commun d’organisation.
Le plaisir des femmes selon Aristote
Authors: Cerami Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Cet article se propose d’étudier le phénomène biologique du plaisir sexuel féminin, dans le but d’en déterminer la place dans le cadastre étiologique d’Aristote. En s’appuyant sur une série de textes tirés du De Generatione Animalium, l’auteur suggère que le plaisir sexuel féminin fait partie des phénomènes qu’Aristote définit comme « en vue du meilleur ». L’étude de ce phénomène donne ainsi l’occasion de s’interroger à nouveaux frais sur la place de la téléologie dans le système causal d’Aristote et la nature de la finalité dite « dérivée ». Dans une seconde partie de l’étude, l’auteur propose un aperçu de la réception gréco-arabe de la question. L’étude du débat engagé par Averroès contre Galien au xiie siècle de notre ère montre l’importance de la question du plaisir sexuel féminin dans le péripatétisme gréco-arabe et permet d’éclairer en retour la doctrine du Stagirite.
Conserved and Differential Features of TNF Superfamily Ligand Expression on APC Subsets over the Course of a Chronic Viral Infection in Mice
Authors: Wang Kuan C , Chu Kuan-Lun , Batista Nathalia V , Watts Tania H 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There is currently much interest in how different APC subsets shape the immune response. We recently described a division of labor between classical dendritic cells (cDC) and inflammatory monocyte-derived APC in provision of costimulatory ligands to T cells early during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis clone 13 (LCMV 13) infection in mice. At day 2 of LCMV 13 infection, cDC preferentially express CD80 and CD86, whereas TNF superfamily ligands GITRL, 4-1BBL, CD70, and OX40L are preferentially induced by type I IFN on inflammatory monocyte-derived APC, with minimal expression on cDC. In this study, we further investigate the expression of TNF and B7 family ligands on APC over the course of LCMV 13 infection. OX40L and 4-1BBL remain above baseline through the chronic stage of infection, with predominant expression on inflammatory APC compared with cDC in the spleen, partially blocked by anti–IFN-γR Ab pretreatment. Conversely, CD70, like GITRL, returns to baseline on the APC within a few days postinfection. In the lung, TNF family ligands were also preferentially expressed on inflammatory monocyte-derived APC. CD86 was generally higher on cDC than inflammatory APC in the spleen, but in the lung CD86 was highest on inflammatory APC. Moreover, in the spleen, CD80 levels on different APC subsets fluctuated over the course of the infection. We also show that LPS induction of TNF superfamily ligands is largely mediated through type I IFN. This study highlights the importance of IFNs and monocyte-derived APC in TNF superfamily ligand expression in both secondary lymphoid organs and tissues during chronic viral infection.
Vegetation, floristic composition and structure of a tropical montane forest in Cameroon
Authors: Sainge Moses N. , Lyonga Ngoh M. , Mbatchou Gildas P.T. , Kenfack David , Nchu Felix , Peterson Andrew T. 
Published: December 2018

Background: The Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) is a montane forest area in south-western Cameroon. Although RHFR is presumed to be rich in biodiversity and vegetation types, little information exists regarding its floristic composition and vegetation patterns.Objectives: Our goal was to characterise vegetation patterns in the reserve and to understand how elevation influences distributions and diversity of species. We aimed to provide a first detailed plant species inventory for this important forest area, as well as basic information on forest structure.Method: We characterised floristic composition and vegetation patterns of the reserve in 25 1-ha plots along an elevational gradient from 50 m to 1778 m. In each plot, trees and lianas of diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10 cm were measured; shrubs 10 cm were measured in nested plots of 0.01 ha.Results: In all, 16 761 trees, shrubs and lianas with dbh ≥ 1 cm were censused, representing 71 families, 279 genera and 617 morphospecies. Floristic composition ranged from 94 to 132 species, with a mean of 117.5 species per hectare in lowland forest (50 m – 200 m) and 36–41 species, with a mean of 38.5 species per hectare in montane cloud forest (1600 m – 1778 m) near the summit of Mount Rata. Two-way indicator species analysis classified the 25 plots into six vegetation types corresponding to lowland evergreen rainforest, lowland evergreen rainforest on basalt rocks, middle-elevation evergreen forest, submontane forest, transitional submontane forest and montane cloud forest. In all, 0.006% of the reserve was included in our sample plots. Detrended correspondence analysis highlighted the importance of elevation in shaping vegetation patterns.Conclusion: The RHFR is composed of different vegetation types, which show impressive variation in terms of structure, species composition and diversity. The detailed, fine-scale inventory data obtained in this study could be useful in planning efficient management of this and other montane tropical forests.
Distribution of invasive alien Tithonia (Asteraceae) species in eastern and southern Africa and the socio-ecological impacts of T. diversifolia in Zambia
Authors: Witt Arne B.R. , Shackleton Ross T. , Beale Tim , Nunda Winnie , Van Wilgen Brian W. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Many alien plant species, such as Tithonia diversifolia, T. rotundifolia and T. tubaeformis, have been introduced to areas outside of their natural distribution range to provide benefits, but have subsequently become invasive, threatening biodiversity and agricultural productivity.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current distribution and dates of introduction of invasive Tithonia species in eastern and southern Africa and to document the effects of T. diversifolia on rural livelihoods in Zambia.Method: Roadside surveys, and other sources of information, were used to determine the distribution of invasive Tithonia species in eastern and southern Africa. Household interviews were conducted to gauge perceptions and understand the impacts of T. diversifolia on local livelihoods in Zambia’s Copperbelt province.Results: Tithonia diversifolia is widespread in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Malawi and parts of Zambia but less so in Zimbabwe. Tithonia rotundifolia was comparatively uncommon in eastern Africa but common in some southern African countries, while T. tubaeformis was invasive in Swaziland, South Africa, Zambia and possibly also Zimbabwe. According to the majority of respondents in Zambia, T. diversifolia has negative impacts on native vegetation, mobility or access, water availability, crop yields and animal health.Conclusion: Invasive Tithonia species are widespread and spreading throughout much of Africa. Livelihood and biodiversity costs have not been considered by those actively promoting the use and further dissemination of T. diversifolia. We therefore recommend that detailed cost–benefit studies should be undertaken to support informed decisions on the future management of these species.
Hitchhikers’ guide to the legal context of protected area management plans in South Africa
Authors: Goosen Magda , Blackmore Andrew C. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Although formal protected areas in South Africa date back to the turn of the 19th century, requirements for protected area management plans only became mandatory a century later. Prior to the promulgation of the World Heritage Convention Act 49 in 1999, and subsequently the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 in 2003, requirements for management plans were voluntary, and guidance to the plan’s content was fragmented across an array of international, national and provincial policy instruments.Objectives: As there has been little academic debate on the relevance and content of protected area management plans, an improved understanding of these plans, and the role they play in biodiversity conservation, is required.Method: This article explores the evolution of the management plan, revisiting its historical and current legal context at international and national scales.Results: Despite being the principal legislative framework for management plans, the World Heritage Convention Act and the National Environmental Management Protected Area Act did not consolidate the plethora of management plan requirements, and hence did not bring clarity when these conflicted or were ambiguous.Conclusion: Legal provisions for management plans are highly fragmented. This risks plans not being complete, falling short of the requirement to ensure that protected areas fulfil the purpose for which they were established. A consolidation of relevant provisions, as well as emerging best practices is recommended. This may require the revision of South Africa’s environmental law, to provide greater clarity on the contemporary understanding of the contribution of protected areas to conservation and the well-being of people (viz. the ‘purpose’).
Cost analysis of violence-related medical imaging in a Free State tertiary trauma unit
Authors: Steyn Tiaan P. , Gebremariam Fekade A. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Violence is a leading public health problem worldwide. Beyond the pain and suffering, violence has a significant economic impact on a country’s health, policing and judicial services. Because of the lack of current and comprehensive data in South Africa, local violence-related economic impact studies are largely estimations. Violence-related imaging expenditure, as a component of a public hospital’s expenditure, is yet to be determined.Objectives: The goals of this study were to measure the violence-related patient burden on Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital’s (PTH) trauma and radiology services, determine the imaging-component cost of violence-related injuries and calculate the financial burden violence has on the hospital’s expenditures.Method: From the PTH’s trauma unit patient registry, 1380 patients with violence-related injuries were consecutively sampled for 6 months ending 31 December 2017. Imaging investigations were documented and categorised according to the South African National Department of Health’s 2017 Uniform Patient Fee Schedule (UPFS). Descriptive analysis and cost calculations were performed using the 2017 UPFS tariff schedule and hospital-specific health efficiency indicators – patient-day equivalent and expenditure per patient-day equivalent.Results: Violence-related injuries accounted for 50.64% of all trauma department visits and received a total of 5475 imaging investigations. Violence-related imaging investigations represented 14.81% of all investigations performed by the radiology department in the study period. Overall violence-related admission costs amounted to R35 410 241.85 (8.33% of the hospital’s total expenditure), of which 20.08% (R7 108 845.00) was attributed to imaging investigations.Conclusion: Violence-related admissions had a high patient and financial burden on PTH. The pinnacle of healthcare cost saving is violence prevention; however, the cost-conscious radiologist could assist with cost saving if responsible and ethical imaging practices are followed.