bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients with patellar fracture: Development and assessment of a new predictive nomogram
Authors: Yisheng Chen , Jie Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study was aimed at developing a risk prediction model for postoperative dysplasia in elderly patients with patellar fractures in China.Patients and methodsWe conducted a community survey of patients aged ≥55 years who underwent surgery for patellar fractures between January 2013 and October 2018, through telephone interviews, community visits, and outpatient follow-up. We established a predictive model for assessing the risk of sarcopenia after patellar fractures. We developed the prediction model by combining multivariate logistic regression analysis with the least absolute shrinkage model and selection operator regression (Lasso analysis). The predictive quality and clinical utility of the predictive model were determined using C-index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. We conducted internal sampling methods for qualitative assessment.ResultWe recruited 61 participants (males: 20, mean age: 68.1 years). Various risk factors were assessed, and low body mass index and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most important risk factors (P<0.05). The model showed a good prediction rate (C-index: 0.909; 95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.00) and good correction effect. The C-index remained high (0.828) even after internal sample verification. Decision curve analysis showed that the risk of sarcopenia was 8.3–80.0%, suggesting good clinical practicability.ConclusionOur prediction model shows promise as a cost-effective tool for predicting the risk of postoperative sarcopenia in elderly patients based on the following: advanced age, low body mass index, diabetes, longer postoperative hospital stay, no higher education, no postoperative rehabilitation, removal of internal fixation, and less outdoor exercise.
Resolution and co-occurrence patterns ofGardnerella leopoldii,Gardnerella swidsinskii,Gardnerella piotiiandGardnerella vaginaliswithin the vaginal microbiome
Authors: Hill Janet E. , Albert Arianne Y.K. ,   the VOGUE Research Group
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGardnerella vaginalisis a hallmark of vaginal dysbiosis, but is found in the microbiomes of women with and without vaginal symptoms.G. vaginalisencompasses diverse taxa differing in attributes that are potentially important for virulence, and there is evidence that ‘clades’ or ‘subgroups’ within the species are differentially associated with clinical outcomes. TheG. vaginalisspecies description was recently emended, and three new species within the genus were defined (leopoldii,swidsinskii,piotii). 16S rRNA sequences for the fourGardnerellaspecies are all >98.5% identical and no signature sequences differentiate them.ResultsWe demonstrated thatGardnerellaspecies can be resolved using partial chaperonin-60 (cpn60) sequences, with pairwise percent identities of 87.1-97.8% among the type strains. Pairwise co-occurrence patterns ofGardnerellaspp. in the vaginal microbiomes of 413 reproductive aged Canadian women were investigated, and several significant co-occurrences of species were identified. Abundance ofG. vaginalis, andswidsinskiiwas associated with vaginal symptoms of abnormal odour and discharge.Conclusionscpn60 barcode sequencing can provide a rapid assessment of the relative abundance ofGardnerellaspp. in microbiome samples, providing a powerful method of elucidating associations between these diverse organisms and clinical outcomes. Researchers should consider using cpn60 in place of 16S RNA for better resolution of these important organisms.
Egocentric boundary vector tuning of the retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Alexander Andrew S. , Carstensen Lucas C. , Hinman James R. , Raudies Florian , Chapman G. William , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe retrosplenial cortex is reciprocally connected with a majority of structures implicated in spatial cognition and damage to the region itself produces numerous spatial impairments. However, in many ways the retrosplenial cortex remains understudied. Here, we sought to characterize spatial correlates of neurons within the region during free exploration in two-dimensional environments. We report that a large percentage of retrosplenial cortex neurons have spatial receptive fields that are active when environmental boundaries are positioned at a specific orientation and distance relative to the animal itself. We demonstrate that this vector-based location signal is encoded in egocentric coordinates, localized to the dysgranular retrosplenial sub-region, independent of self-motion, and context invariant. Further, we identify a sub-population of neurons with this response property that are synchronized with the hippocampal theta oscillation. Accordingly, the current work identifies a robust egocentric spatial code in retrosplenial cortex that can facilitate spatial coordinate system transformations and support the anchoring, generation, and utilization of allocentric representations.
Rotavirus re-programs multiple IFN receptors and restricts their intestinal antiviral and inflammatory functions
Authors: Sen Adrish , Namsa Nima D. , Feng Ningguo , Greenberg Harry B. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRotaviruses (RV) cause acute severe diarrhea in the absence of substantial intestinal inflammation. They are also highly infectious in their homologous host species. The efficient replication capacity of RV in the small bowel is substantially linked to its ability to inhibit different types of interferons (IFNs). Here, we find that during RV infectionin vitro, both virus-infected and uninfected bystander cells resist STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF7 induction in response to exogenous IFN. Functionally, cellular transcription in response to exogenous stimulation with IFN, but not intracellular dsRNA, was inhibited by RV. Further, IFNAR1 stimulation during RV infection significantly repressed a set of virus-induced transcripts. Regulation of IFN signalingin vivowas studied in suckling mice using the highly infectious homologous murine EW RV strain. Kinetic studies indicated that whereas sustained EW RV replication and IFN induction occurred in the small intestine, IFN-stimulated transcripts significantly decreased over time. In addition, LPS-mediated intestinal damage, driven by STAT1-induced inflammation, was prevented in EW RV-infected mice. Remarkably, ectopic stimulation of either IFNAR1 or IFNGR1 in murine RV-infected mice eliminated several intestinal antiviral and inflammatory transcriptional responses to RV. In contrast to homologous murine RV, infection with a STAT1-sensitive heterologous simian RV strain induced multiple IFN-stimulated transcripts, inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal expression of STAT1-pY701. Finally, RV strain-specific STAT1 regulation in the gut plays a prominent role in the activation of multiple intestinal caspases. On the other hand, the simian RRV strain, but not murine EW RV, uniquely triggers the cleavage of both extrinsic and intrinsic caspases (−8, −9, and −3) in a STAT1-mediated manner. Collectively, these findings reveal efficient re-programing of multiple IFN receptors in the gut towards a negative feedback mode of signaling, accompanied by suppression of IFN-mediated antiviral, apoptotic, and inflammatory functions, during natural RV intestinal infection.
Posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples co-occur with neocortical theta-bursts and down-upstates, and phase-lock with parietal spindles during NREM sleep in humans
Authors: Jiang Xi , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge , Halgren Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman anterior and posterior hippocampus (aHC, pHC) differ in connectivity and behavioral correlates. Here we report physiological differences. During NREM sleep, the human hippocampus generates sharpwave-ripples (SWR) similar to those which in rodents mark memory replay. We show that while pHC generates SWR, it also generates about as many spindle-ripples (SSR: ripples phase-locked to local spindles). In contrast, SSR are rare in aHC. Like SWR, SSR often co-occur with neocortical theta bursts (TB), downstates (DS), spindles (SS) and upstates (US), which coordinate cortico-hippocampal interactions and facilitate consolidation in rodents. SWR co-occur with these waves in widespread cortical areas, especially fronto-central. These waves typically occur in the sequence TB-DS-SS-US, with SWR usually occurring prior to SS-US. In contrast, SSR occur ∼350 ms later, with a strong preference for co-occurrence with posterior-parietal SS. pHC-SS were strongly phase-locked with parietal-SS, and pHC-SSR were phase-coupled with pHC-SS and parietal-SS. Human SWR (and associated replay events, if any) are separated by ∼5 s on average, whereas ripples on successive SSR peaks are separated by only ∼80 ms. These distinctive physiological properties of pHC-SSR enable an alternative mechanism for hippocampal engagement with neocortex.Significance StatementRodent hippocampal neurons replay waking events during sharpwave-ripples in NREM sleep, facilitating memory transfer to a permanent cortical store. We show that human anterior hippocampus also produces sharpwave-ripples, but spindle-ripples predominate in posterior. Whereas sharpwave-ripples typically occur as cortex emerges from inactivity, spindle-ripples typically occur at peak cortical activity. Furthermore, posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples are tightly coupled to posterior parietal locations activated by conscious recollection. Finally, multiple spindle-ripples can recur within a second, whereas sharpwave-ripples are separated by about 5s. The human posterior hippocampus is considered homologous to rodent dorsal hippocampus, which is thought to be specialized for consolidation of specific memory details. We speculate that these distinct physiological characteristics of posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples may support a related function in humans.
Identification of essential oils with strong activity against stationary phase uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Xiao Shuzhen , Cui Peng , Shi Wanliang , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEscherichia coli is the most dominant pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), but the current most frequently prescribed antibiotics do not always effectively cure the infection due to quiescent persister bacteria. While it has been reported that some essential oils have antimicrobial activity against growing E. coli, the activity of essential oils against the non-growing stationary phase E. coli which is enriched in persisters has not been investigated. We evaluated the activity of 140 essential oils against stationary phase uropathogenic E. coli UTI89 and identified 39, 8 and 3 essential oils at 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125% concentrations to have high activity against stationary phase E. coli. Among the top eight essential oils, Oregano showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin. The other top seven hits included Allspice, Bandit "Thieves", Cinnamon bark, Syzygium aromaticum, Health shield, Cinnamon leaf and Clove bud. In Oregano essential oil drug combination studies with common UTI antibiotics, Oregano plus quinolone drugs (tosufloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) completely eradicated all stationary phase E. coli cells, partially enhanced the activity of nitrofurantoin, but had no apparent enhancement for fosfomycin, meropenem and cefdinir. Our findings may facilitate development of more effective treatments for persistent UTIs.
Intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital is associated with pain in rats
Authors: Reimer JN , Schuster C , Knight CG , Pang DSJ , Leung VSY 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn effective and pain-free killing method is required to achieve the goal of euthanasia, a “good death”. Overdose of sodium pentobarbital (PB) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection is a widely accepted technique, but questions remain regarding pain associated with administration. As PB rapidly causes sedation and loss of consciousness, most studies have relied on indirect evidence of pain. The objective of this study was to assess pain associated with IP PB using an appropriate vehicle control.Adult male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) and female Wistar rats (N = 112) were block randomised by sex and strain to receive one of four treatments: 1) 800 mg/kg PB (pH 11); 2) 800 mg/kg PB with 4 mg/kg lidocaine (PB+lido); 3) saline or 4) vehicle controls (pH 11 or 12.5). Behavior (Rat Grimace Scale [RGS], writhing, back arching) was evaluated at baseline, before loss of righting reflex (PB and PB+lido groups), 80s, 151s and 10 min post-injection (PI; saline and vehicle control groups).In the vehicle control groups, the RGS scores were increased at 151s PI (SD: p = 0.0008, 95%CI −0.731 to −0.202) from baseline, as was relative frequency of writhing (SD: p < 0.00001; Wistar; p = 0.0004). RGS scores remained elevated 10 mins PI (SD: p = 0.0070, 95%CI −0.768 to −0.118; Wistar: p = 0.0236, 95%CI −0.907 to −0.0742) but the relative frequency of writhing did not (p > 0.05). The RGS scores and the relative frequency of writhing remained low in the PB, PB+lido and saline groups (p > 0.05). Back arching increased from baseline in the PB+lido group before loss of righting reflex and in the vehicle control group (SD rats) at 151s PI (p < 0.05).These results show that IP PB results in signs associated with pain. The sedative effects of PB limit behavioral assessment.
Dimensional Reduction of Emergent Spatiotemporal Cortical Dynamics via a Maximum Entropy Moment Closure
Authors: Shao Yuxiu , Zhang Jiwei , Tao Louis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModern electrophysiological recordings and optical imaging techniques have revealed a diverse spectrum of spatiotemporal neural activities underlying fundamental cognitive processing. Oscillations, traveling waves and other complex population dynamical patterns are often concomitant with sensory processing, information transfer, decision making and memory consolidation. While neural population models such as neural mass, population density and kinetic theoretical models have been used to capture a wide range of the experimentally observed dynamics, a full account of how the multi-scale dynamics emerges from the detailed biophysical properties of individual neurons and the network architecture remains elusive. Here we apply a recently developed coarse-graining framework for reduced-dimensional descriptions of neuronal networks to model visual cortical dynamics. We show that, without introducing any new parameters, how a sequence of models culminating in an augmented system of spatially-coupled ODEs can effectively model a wide range of the observed cortical dynamics, ranging from visual stimulus orientation dynamics to traveling waves induced by visual illusory stimuli. In addition to an efficient simulation method, this framework also offers an analytic approach to studying large-scale network dynamics. As such, the dimensional reduction naturally leads to mesoscopic variables that capture the interplay between neuronal population stochasticity and network architecture that we believe to underlie many emergent cortical phenomena.
Long term outcomes of Everolimus therapy in de novo liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khalid Bzeizi , Richard Smith , Ali Benmousa , M.V.SC Dama Madhukar , Faisal Aba-Alkhail , Rajiv Jalan , Dieter Broering 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk of nephrotoxicity in liver transplant patients on calcineurin inhibitors (CnIs) is a concern. Several controlled trials reported benefit of Everolimus (EVR) in minimizing this risk when combined with a reduced CnIs dose.ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of EVR, alone or with reduced CnI dose, as compared to CnI alone post liver transplantation.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EVR and CnI based regimens post liver transplanation. Assessment of studies and data extraction was undertaken independently.ResultsEight studies were selected describing 769 patients. Cockcroft-Gault GFR (CG-GFR) was significantly higher at one (p=0.05), 3 & 5 years (p=0.030) in patients receiving EVR as compared to those receiving CnI therapy. The composite end point of efficacy failure was similar between the two arms after 1, 3 & 5 years of study. Higher number of patients discontinued EVR due to adverse effects in one year, however no difference was noted after 3 & 5 years. A higher rates of proteinuria, peripheral edema and incisional hernia were noted in patients on EVR.ConclusionThe analysis confirms non-inferiority of EVR and reduced CnI combination. Patients on the combination regimen had better renal function compared to standard CnI therapy.
Similarity of species composition of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in caves of Quadrilátero Ferrífero, state Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Campos Aldenise Martins , dos Anjos Maia Rodrigo , Capucci Débora , Paglia Adriano Pereira , Andrade Filho José Dilermando 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCaves, though seemingly inhospitable due to the lack of light in areas furthest from the cave entrance and the low availability and variety of resources, can harbor many species of vertebrates and invertebrates, including phlebotomine sand flies, the vectors of species of parasites of the genus Leishmania that cause leishmaniasis. This study aimed to evaluate the species composition of sand flies in located caves at Moeda Sul (MS) and Parque Estadual Serra do Rola Moça (PESRM), in southeastern Brazil at region of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, state of Minas Gerais. The collections of sand flies were performed with automatic light traps. Were used the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling based on dissimilarity matrix calculated with the Jaccard índex and Multivariate Analysis of Permutation to evaluate similarity of the species composition of sand flies among entrance, interior, and surroundings environments of each sampled cave at MS and PESRM, and thus to infer biological mechanisms from the patterns of distribution of sand flies among these different cave environments. A total of 375 phlebotomine sand flies were collected from six genera and 14 species. The most abundant species were Evandromyia tupynambai (54.7%), Brumptomyia troglodytes (25.6%), Evandromyia edwardsi, (6.1%) Psathyromyia brasiliensis (4.8%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (4.3%). In place MS, 30 individuals were collected, 16 inside the MS cave and 14 its surroundings. In place PESRM, five individuals were collected in surroundings of RM38 cave; a total of 190 individuals at RM39 cave (48 in the cave and 142 its surroundings) and 150 individuals at RM40 cave, 42 in the cave and 108 its surroundings. Our results showed rich fauna of sand flies with a species composition of sand flies similar among the entrance, interior, and surroundings environments of each sampled cave, suggesting that both caves and their surroundings are important for the maintenance of sand fly communities.
Drug related and psychopathological symptoms in HIV-positive men who have sex with men who inject drugs during sex (Slamsex): Data from the U-SEX GESIDA 9416 Study
Authors: Dolengevich-Segal Helen , Gonzalez-Baeza Alicia , Valencia Jorge , Valencia-Ortega Eulalia , Cabello Alfonso , Tellez Molina Maria Jesus , Perez Elias Maria Jesus , Serrano Regino , Perez Latorre Leire , Martín-Carbonero Luz , Arponen Sari , Sanz Moreno Jose , De La Fuente Sara , Bisbal Otilia , Santos Ignacio , Casado Jose Luis , Troya Jesus , Cervero Jimenez Miguel , Nistal Sara , Cuevas Guillermo , Correas Lauffer Javier , Torrens Marta , Ryan Pablo ,   on Behalf of the U-SEX GESIDA 9416 Study
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesIntravenous sexualized drug use also known as slamsex seems to be increasing among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). This practice may entail severe consequences for physical and mental health in this population. Research on the subject is scarce. The aim of our study was to describe the psychopathological background of a sample of HIV positive MSM who practiced slamsex during the previous year and compare the physical and psychological symptoms between these participants and those who practiced sexualized drug use (SDU) or chemsex without slamsex.Design and MethodsParticipants (HIV-positive MSM) were recruited from the U-Sex study in 22 HIV clinics in Madrid during 2016-17. All participants completed an anonymous cross-sectional survey on sexual behaviour and recreational drug use. The present analysis is based on HIV-positive MSM who had practiced SDU.ResultsThe survey sample comprised 742 participants. Of all the participants who completed the survey, 216 (29.1%) practiced chemsex, and of these, 34 (15.7%) had practiced slamsex. Participants who practiced slamsex were more likely to have current psychopathology (depression, anxiety and drug related disorders) than chemsex users. In addition, participants who practiced slamsex had more high-risk sexual behaviours, polydrug use and were more often diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and hepatitis C than those who did not inject drugs. Compared with patients who did not inject drugs, patients who engaged in slamsex showed more severe drug related symptoms (withdrawal and dependence), symptoms of severe intoxication (loss of consciousness), and severe psychopathological symptoms related to SDU, such as paranoid thoughts and suicidal behaviour.ConclusionSlamsex (intravenous SDU) is closely associated with current psychiatric disorders and severe drug-related and psychiatric symptoms.
Cloning human dental pulp cells and studying inter-clone diversity
Authors: Guo Linna , Zou Ziang , Yan Ming , Freytag Marcus , Friedrich Reinhard E , Kluwe Lan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeterogeneity within a putative stem cell population presents a challenge for studies and applications of such cells. Cloning may provide a strategy for reducing heterogeneity. However, previous studies have the weakness in reliability of single-cell-origin of the colonies. The present study aims to apply an alternative method to obtain clonal dental pulp cells with increased reliability of single cell origin. Dental pulp cells were cultured from 13 human wisdom teeth. Primary cultures of 3 human benign tumors were included as comparison. Cells were seeded into wells of a 96-plate at a mean density of 1 cell/well. On the next day, wells were inspected one by one to identify wells with single cells which were followed for 3 weeks. Survived clones were expanded and further characterized. Single cells were observed in all cases, the number of single-cell-wells varied from 16 to 33. Three weeks later, survived and grown clonal cells were observed in 10 to 29 wells, giving surviving rates of 33-91%. By contrast, though single tumor cells were also observed, none of them survived. Expanded clones exhibited diversity in viability and osteogenic differentiation which also differed from their parental cells. Seeding cells at clonal density into physically separated compartments like wells in a 96 plate and comprehensive observation provides a practical strategy for increasing reliability of single-cell origin of clonal cells. Cellular heterogeneity seems to be an intrinsic feature of dental pulp cells.