bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synrift phase of the early Domeyko Basin (Triassic, northern Chile): Sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic interplay in the evolution of an ancient subduction‐related rift basin
Authors: Espinoza Mauricio , Montecino Diego , Oliveros Verónica , Astudillo Natalia , Vásquez Paulina , Reyes Robinson , Celis Christopher , González Rodrigo , Contreras Juan , Creixell Christian , Martínez Amancay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe geodynamic setting along the SW Gondwana margin during its early breakup (Triassic) remains poorly understood. Recent models calling for an uninterrupted subduction since Late Palaeozoic only slightly consider the geotectonic significance of coeval basins. The Domeyko Basin initiated as a rift basin during the Triassic being filled by sedimentary and volcanic deposits. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, and geochronological analyses are presented in order to determine the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this basin and to propose a tectonic model suitable for other SW Gondwana‐margin rift basins. The Domeyko Basin recorded two synrift stages. The Synrift I (~240–225 Ma) initiated the Sierra Exploradora sub‐basin, whereas the Synrift II (~217–200 Ma) reactivated this sub‐basin and originated small depocentres grouped in the Sierra de Varas sub‐basin. During the rift evolution, the sedimentary systems developed were largely controlled by the interplay between tectonics and volcanism through the accommodation/sediment supply ratio (A/S). High‐volcaniclastic depocentres record a net dominance of the syn‐eruptive period lacking rift‐climax sequences, whereas low‐volcaniclastic depocentres of the Sierra de Varas sub‐basin developed a complete rift cycle during the Synrift II stage. The architecture of the Domeyko Basin suggests a transtensional kinematic where N‐S master faults interacted with ~NW‐SE basement structures producing highly asymmetric releasing bends. We suggest that the early Domeyko Basin was a continental subduction‐related rift basin likely developed under an oblique convergence in a back‐arc setting. Subduction would have acted as a primary driving mechanism for the extension along the Gondwanan margin, unlike inland rift basins. Slab‐induced dynamic can strongly influence the tectonostratigraphic evolution of subduction‐related rift basins through controls in the localization and style of magmatism and faulting, settling the interplay between tectonics, volcanism, and sedimentation during the rifting.
The changing nature of collaboration in tropical ecology and conservation
Authors: Perez Timothy M. , Hogan J. Aaron 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCollaboration can improve conservation initiatives through increases in article impact and by building scientific understating required for conservation practice. We investigated temporal trends in collaboration in the tropical ecology and conservation literature by examining patterns of authorship for 2271 articles published from 2000 to 2016 in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology. Consistent with trends in other studies and scientific disciplines, we found that the number of authors per article increased from 2.6 in 2000 to 4.2 in 2015 using a generalized linear model (glm). We modeled changes in multinational collaboration in articles using a glm and found that the mean number of author‐affiliated countries increased from 1.3 (±0.6 SD) to 1.7 (±0.8 SD) over time and that increases were best explained by the number of authors per article. The proportion of authors based in tropical countries increased, but the probability of tropical–extratropical collaboration did not and was best explained solely by the number of authors per article. Overall, our analyses suggest that only certain types of collaboration are increasing and that these increases coincide with a general increase in the number of authors per article. Such changes in author numbers and collaboration could be the result of increased data sharing, changes in the scope of research questions, changes in authorship criteria, or scientific migration. We encourage tropical conservation scientists continue to build collaborative ties, particularly with researchers based in underrepresented tropical countries, to ensure that tropical ecology and conservation remains inclusive and effective.
A randomized, open‐label, multicentre, parallel‐controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 plus metformin with biphasic insulin aspart 30 monotherapy for type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs: The merit study
Authors: Guo Lixin , Chen Li , Chang Baocheng , Yang Liyong , Liu Yu , Feng Bo 
Published: July 2018

AimTo confirm non‐inferiority of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) plus metformin to BIAsp 30 in lowering glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Chinese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes using oral antidiabetic drugs.Materials and methodsIn this 16‐week, prospective, randomized, open‐label, multicentre, parallel‐controlled study, patients aged 18‐79 years with HbA1c ≥7% were randomized to BIAsp 30 plus metformin (n = 130) or BIAsp 30 (n = 127). Initially, 500 mg metformin was administered twice daily and BIAsp 30 was administered at 0.2‐0.3 U/kg/d. Changes in HbA1c % from baseline to week 16 as well as secondary and safety endpoints were assessed.ResultsIn total, 83.66% of patients in the BIAsp 30 plus metformin (n = 110) and the BIAsp 30 (n = 105) groups completed the study. Mean (±standard deviation) change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint was −1.74 ± 1.64% and −1.32 ± 2.05% with BIAsp 30 plus metformin and BIAsp 30, respectively. Least squares mean treatment difference was −0.67% (95% CI, −1.06; −0.28). The upper limit of the 95% CI was <0.4 (non‐inferiority margin). A significantly higher proportion of individuals reached HbA1c <7% with BIAsp 30 plus metformin than with BIAsp 30 (53.15% vs 35.19%; P = 0.0074). At endpoint, daily BIAsp 30 dose (P < 0.001) and weight gain were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the BIAsp 30 plus metformin group compared with the BIAsp 30 group. No between‐group differences in number of hypoglycaemic events were observed.ConclusionBIAsp 30 plus metformin was non‐inferior to BIAsp 30 in safely reducing HbA1c in this study.
Role of hemodynamics in initiation/growth of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Diagbouga Mannekomba R. , Morel Sandrine , Bijlenga Philippe , Kwak Brenda R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is a disease of the vascular wall resulting in abnormal enlargement of the vessel lumen. It is a common pathology with a prevalence of 2%‐3% in the adult population. IAs are mostly small, quiescent and asymptomatic; yet, upon rupture, severe brain damage or even death is frequently encountered. In addition to clinical factors, hemodynamic forces, mainly wall shear stress (WSS), have been associated with the initiation of IAs and possibly with their risk of rupture. However, the mechanism by which WSS contributes to aneurysm growth and rupture is not completely understood.DesignPubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched. In addition, key review articles were screened for relevant original publications.ResultsCurrent knowledge about the relation between WSS and IA has been obtained from both computational fluid dynamic studies in patients and experimental models of IA formation and growth. It is increasingly recognized that a high wall shear stress (gradient) participates to IA formation and that both low and high WSS can drive IA growth. Primary cilia (PC) play an important role as mechanosensors as patients with polycystic kidney disease, which is characterized by the absence or dysfunction of PC, have increased risk to develop IAs as well as increased risk of rupture.ConclusionWall shear stress is a key player in IA initiation and progression. It is involved in vascular wall remodelling and inflammation, processes underlying aneurysm pathophysiology.
Therapeutic effect of simvastatin on DMBA‐induced breast cancer in mice
Authors: Karimi Behnaz , Ashrafi Mahboobeh , Shomali Tahoora , Yektaseresht Azadeh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown positive effects of statins against specific cancers. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of simvastatin in 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced breast cancer. Female albino mice were divided into two groups, with or without DMBA administration. After tumor appearance, DMBA‐treated group was further divided into four groups (D1‐D4) as control (D1), treated with simvastatin at 80 and 40 mg/kg/day, orally (D2 and D3) and tamoxifen (50 mg/kg/day, orally) treated group (D4). After 4 weeks, animals were sacrificed, serum samples were collected and tumors were dissected for histopathological study and determination of selected parameters. The tumor marker carcinoma antigen 15‐3 (CA15‐3), oxidative stress parameters and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were analyzed in serum and tumors in experimental groups. Tamoxifen and high dose of simvastatin improved parameters of mammary carcinogenesis including mean tumor volume, body weight and percent of mortality as compared to mice with breast tumors without treatment (D1). Additionally, simvastatin usage increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in serum and decreased total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in tumors similar to tamoxifen. No significant decrease was found in serum CA 15‐3 and tumor PGE2 levels in simvastatin and tamoxifen treated groups as compared to D1 group. These data suggest that simvastatin has anticancer effects which are relatively similar to that of tamoxifen in an animal model of breast cancer.
Natural mortality of Trachurus novaezelandiae and its size selection by purse seines off south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Broadhurst Matt K. , Kienzle Marco , Stewart John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe natural mortality (M) and purse‐seine catchability and selectivity were estimated for yellowtail scad, Trachurus novaezelandiae, Richardson, a small inshore pelagic species harvested off south‐eastern Australia. Hazard functions were applied to two decades of data describing catches (mostly stable at a mean ± SE of 315 ± 14 t p.a.) and effort (declining from a maximum of 2,289 to 642 boat days between 1999/2000 and 2015/2016) and interdispersed (over 9 years) annual estimates of size at age (0+ to 18 years) to enable survival analysis. The data were best described by a model with eight parameters, including catchability (estimated at <0.1 × 10−7 boat/day), M (0.22/year) and variable age‐specific selection up to 6 years with a 50% retention among 5‐year‐olds (larger than the estimated age at maturation). The low catchability implied very low fishing mortality by the purse‐seine fleet. Ongoing monitoring and applied gear‐based studies are required to validate purse‐seine catchability and selectivity, but the data nevertheless imply T. novaezelandiae could incur additional fishing effort and, in doing so, alleviate pressure on other regional small pelagics.
Accelerating forest loss in Southeast Asian Massif in the 21st century: A case study in Nan Province, Thailand
Authors: Zeng Zhenzhong , Gower Drew B. , Wood Eric F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFarmers are carving a new agricultural frontier from the forests in the Southeast Asian Massif (SAM) in the 21st century, triggering significant environment degradation at the local scale; however, this frontier has been missed by existing global land use and forest loss analyses. In this paper, we chose Thailand's Nan Province, which is located in the geometric center of SAM, as a case study, and combined high resolution forest cover change product with a fine‐scale land cover map to investigate land use dynamics with respect to topography in this region. Our results show that total forest loss in Nan Province during 2001–2016 was 66,072 ha (9.1% of the forest cover in 2000), and that the majority of this lost forest (92%) had been converted into crop (mainly corn) fields by 2017. Annual forest loss is significantly correlated with global corn price (p < 0.01), re‐confirming agricultural expansion as a key driver of forest loss in Nan Province. Along with the increasing global corn price, forest loss in Nan Province has accelerated at a rate of 2,616 ± 730 ha per decade (p < 0.01). Global corn price peaked in 2012, in which year annual forest loss also reached its peak (7,523 ha); since then, the location of forest loss has moved to steeper land at higher elevations. Spatially, forest loss driven by this smallholder agricultural expansion emerges as many small patches that are not recognizable even at a moderate spatial resolution (e.g. 300 m). It explains how existing global land use/cover change products have missed the widespread and rapid forest loss in SAM. It also highlights the importance of high‐resolution observations to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion and forest loss in SAM, including, but not limited to, the impacts on the global carbon cycle, regional hydrology, and local environmental degradation.
Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands
Authors: Shriver Robert K. , Andrews Caitlin M. , Pilliod David S. , Arkle Robert S. , Welty Justin L. , Germino Matthew J. , Duniway Michael C. , Pyke David A. , Bradford John B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRestoration and rehabilitation of native vegetation in dryland ecosystems, which encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems, is a common challenge that continues to grow as wildfire and biological invasions transform dryland plant communities. The difficulty in part stems from low and variable precipitation, combined with limited understanding about how weather conditions influence restoration outcomes, and increasing recognition that one‐time seeding approaches can fail if they do not occur during appropriate plant establishment conditions. The sagebrush biome, which once covered over 620,000 km2 of western North America, is a prime example of a pressing dryland restoration challenge for which restoration success has been variable. We analyzed field data on Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) restoration collected at 771 plots in 177 wildfire sites across its western range, and used process‐based ecohydrological modeling to identify factors leading to its establishment. Our results indicate big sagebrush occurrence is most strongly associated with relatively cool temperatures and wet soils in the first spring after seeding. In particular, the amount of winter snowpack, but not total precipitation, helped explain the availability of spring soil moisture and restoration success. We also find considerable interannual variability in the probability of sagebrush establishment. Adaptive management strategies that target seeding during cool, wet years or mitigate effects of variability through repeated seeding may improve the likelihood of successful restoration in dryland ecosystems. Given consistent projections of increasing temperatures, declining snowpack, and increasing weather variability throughout midlatitude drylands, weather‐centric adaptive management approaches to restoration will be increasingly important for dryland restoration success.
Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service
Authors: Brown LJ , Tan KS , Guerra LE , Naidoo CJ , Nardone A 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine whether behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) primer and reminder messages could increase the return rate of HIV self‐sampling kits ordered online.MethodsThe study was a 2 × 2 factorial design randomized control trial. A total of 9585 individuals who ordered a self‐sampling kit from www.freetesting.hiv different SMS combinations: 1) standard reminders sent days 3 and 7 after dispatch (control); 2) primer sent 1 day after dispatch plus standard reminders; 3) behavioural insights (BI) reminders (no primer); or 4) primer plus BI reminders. The analysis was restricted to individuals who received all messages (n = 8999). We used logistic regression to investigate independent effects of the primer and BI reminders and their interaction. We explored the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on kit return as a secondary analysis.ResultsThose who received the primer and BI reminders had a return rate 4% higher than that of those who received the standard messages. We found strong evidence of a positive effect of the BI reminders (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.23; P = 0.003) but no evidence for an effect of the primer, or for an interaction between the two interventions. Odds of kit return increased with age, with those aged ≥ 65 years being almost 2.5 times more likely to return the kit than those aged 25–34 years. Men who have sex with men were 1.5–4.5 times more likely to return the kit compared with other sexual behaviour and gender identity groups. Non‐African black clients were 25% less likely to return the kit compared with other ethnicities.ConclusionsAdding BI to reminder messages was successful in improving return rates at no additional cost.
Faecal calprotectin delivers on convenience, cost reduction and clinical decision‐making in inflammatory bowel disease: a real‐world cohort study
Authors: Motaganahalli Satwik , Beswick Lauren , Con Danny , van Langenberg Daniel R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFaecal calprotectin (FC) is an accurate biomarker of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the cost/resource implications of incorporating FC into ‘real‐world’ practice remain uncertain.AimTo evaluate the utility of FC in clinical decision‐making and on healthcare costs in IBD.MethodsRetrospective data, including colonoscopy/other investigations, medication, admission and surgical data, were collected from hospital records and compared between two groups: pre‐FC historical cohort (2005–2009) where colonoscopy was used to assess IBD activity versus the cohort where FC was used first instead (2010–2014). Post‐test costs were also compared.ResultsA total of 357 FC tests (246 patients, 2010–2014) and 450 colonoscopies (268 patients, 2005–2009) were performed. On subsequent review, both FC and colonoscopy (in their respective cohorts) were associated with changes in management in 50.7 versus 56.2% (P = 0.14), respectively, with similar proportions of subsequent IBD‐related investigations within 6 months (21.8 vs 21.9%, P = 1.0).Prior to FC availability (2005–2009), a colonoscopy for disease reassessment cost AU$606 578 (cost per patient‐year $1887.34) versus AU$282 048 (cost per patient‐year $968.60) when FC ± colonoscopy was used (2010–2014). Within the FC cohort, 73.6% did not proceed to colonoscopy within 6 months post‐FC, and 60.6% had not undergone colonoscopy post‐FC by the end of follow up (median 1.8 years (0.1, 4.6) post‐FC). Those with FC ≥ 250 were scoped earlier than those with FC < 100 μg/mL (median 0.49 vs 1.0 years, P = 0.03).ConclusionIntroduction of FC into routine IBD care aided changes in clinical management in a similar proportion, yet at potentially half the total cost, compared to a historical colonoscopy‐only cohort at the same centre.
Concordance between genetic diversity and marine biogeography in a highly mobile marine mammal, the Risso's dolphin
Authors: Chen Ing , Nishida Shin , Chou Lien‐Siang , Tajima Yuko , Yang Wei‐Cheng , Isobe Tomohiko , Yamada Tadasu K. , Hartman Karin , Hoelzel A. Rus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe heterogeneity of the marine environment is thought to be the origin of marine biodiversity, often delineated in marine biogeographical provinces. Cetaceans are highly mobile aquatic mammals, but even those species inhabiting seemingly boundary‐free open waters are found to exhibit degrees of population structure, often attributed to ecological and behavioural factors such as resource specialization and site fidelity. Our aim in this study is to test the hypothesis that a cosmopolitan, resource‐specialist dolphin species, the Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) will show an association between genetic diversity and biogeographical provinces.LocationNorth Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans.MethodsWe examined genetic variation at 19 microsatellite loci among 236 samples collected from a range of locations in the North Pacific Ocean, and for a 473 bp mitochondrial DNA control region sequence in 213 samples from the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans to assess genetic diversity, population structure and historic population dynamics.ResultsWe found differentiation in the North Pacific primarily among three populations corresponding to the marine biogeographical provinces of the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Current (Sino‐Japanese), California Current (California), and Eastern Tropical Pacific. Analyses using mitochondrial DNA data further reveal that these three populations are genetically different from the populations in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, without strong lineage sorting, and that the western North Pacific population experienced a period of population expansion while the Eastern Tropical Pacific population remained stable.Main conclusionsWe find evidence for biogeographical endemism in a highly mobile marine mammal species that nevertheless shows evidence for long‐range dispersion within and to a lesser extent among biogeographical provinces. We conclude that distinct ecological processes promote differentiation, even though this species forages on narrow range of prey species.
Isolation by marine barriers and climate explain areas of endemism in an island rodent
Authors: Giarla Thomas C. , Maher Sean P. , Achmadi Anang S. , Moore Meagan K. , Swanson Mark T. , Rowe Kevin C. , Esselstyn Jacob A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe Indonesian island of Sulawesi is home to thousands of endemic terrestrial animal species. Phylogeographical studies of some of these taxa revealed concordant distribution patterns (areas of endemism; AoEs), suggestive of a shared evolutionary or ecological mechanism driving divergence among various terrestrial taxa. Generally, AoEs have been attributed to Pleistocene marine incursions, geological fault zones and Sulawesi's history as an archipelago. We test, for the first time, the hypothesis that population divergences are associated with unsuitable climate spaces at the boundaries between these areas.LocationSulawesi, Indonesia.TaxonMaxomys musschenbroekii, a common murid rodent endemic to Sulawesi.MethodsWe sequenced a mitochondrial gene, four nuclear protein‐coding genes and hundreds of ultraconserved elements from individuals sampled across the island, which we used to build intraspecific phylogenies and identify population structure. To test climate‐related hypotheses, we used multiple regression to assess the extent to which genetic distances, over‐land geographical distances, environmental distances (derived from ecological niche model resistance surfaces) and areas of endemism are correlated.ResultsIn all three genetic datasets, we inferred phylogeographical structure that is geographically concordant with previously defined AoEs. Ecological niche models showed a similar geography of suitability across the island since the Last Glacial Maximum, with varying levels of unsuitable climate space between AoEs. Genetic distances were more strongly correlated with environmental distances than geographical distances and interspecific divergences arose just in the past 1.5 Myr.Main ConclusionsPopulation divergences within M. musschenbroekii are consistent with AoE definitions from other taxa. Stable areas of unsuitable habitat near AoE boundaries probably supplemented marine incursions in generating population structure within M. musschenbroekii and other co‐distributed species.