bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TLR–CXCL1 pathway in DRG neurons induces neutrophil accumulation in the DRG and mechanical allodynia in EAE mice
Authors: Zhang Jing , Harada Yuka , Hayashi Yoshinori 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system. Approximately half of the patients with MS experience severe pain; however, currently available therapeutics provide only insufficient relief. The mechanisms underlying the generation of neuropathic pain in patients with MS are not fully understood. Recently, we found that neutrophil elastase from accumulated neutrophils in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensitizes DRG neurons and induces mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanism underlying neutrophil accumulation in the DRG after myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55, immunogenic peptide) immunization remains unclear. Here, we found that C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) was upregulated in DRG neurons after MOG35–55immunization. Increased expression of CXCL1 protein was also observed in primary cultured DRG neurons treated with MOG35–55, which was mediated through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Gene silencing of TLR4 or CXCL1 in DRG neurons significantly attenuated neutrophil accumulation in the DRG and mechanical allodynia during the preclinical phase of EAE (around day 5 after immunization). Our results thus suggest that a TLR4–CXCL1 pathway in DRG neurons triggers neutrophil recruitment in the DRG and subsequent mechanical allodynia in response to MOG35–55.
Wind speed acceleration around a single low solid roughness in atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Fu Lin-Tao , Fan Qing , Huang Zong-Liu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAir flow around vegetation is crucial for particle transport (e.g., dust grains, seeds and pollens) in atmospheric boundary layer. However, wind acceleration around vegetation is still not well understood. In this work, air flow around a single low solid roughness element (representing a dense shrub patch or clump) in atmospheric boundary layer was numerically investigated, with emphasizing wind acceleration zone located at the two lateral sides. The maximum value of dimensionless horizontal wind speed as well as its location of occurrence and the geometrical morphology and area of wind acceleration zone were systematically studied. It reveals that they could alter significantly with the change of roughness basal shape. The maximum value of dimensionless resultant horizontal speed decreases monotonously with observation height, while the area of wind acceleration zone shows a non-linear response to observation height. The dependence of the maximum speed location on observation height is generally weak, but may vary with roughness basal shape. These findings could well explain the disagreement among previous field observations. We hope that these findings could be helpful to improve our understanding of aeolian transport in sparsely vegetated land in arid and semi-arid region, and wind dispersals of seeds and pollens from shrub vegetation.
Gastrointestinal adverse effects of nintedanib and the associated risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kato Motoyasu , Sasaki Shinichi , Nakamura Takahiro , Kurokawa Kana , Yamada Tomoko , Ochi Yusuke , Ihara Hiroaki , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNausea and diarrhea are the most common adverse effects of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the clinical risk factors for these side effects remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of patients who developed gastrointestinal side effects during nintedanib treatment for IPF and determined the risk factors for these side effects. We enrolled 77 patients with IPF who received nintedanib between October 2015 and March 2018. Performance status (PS) as a patient’s general condition, body mass index (BMI), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale score, severity of IPF at nintedanib initiation, and gastrointestinal toxicity of nintedanib were evaluated. In total, 25 and 27 patients exhibited nausea and diarrhea, respectively, during the follow-up period. A poor PS, low BMI, and full dosage of nintedanib at treatment initiation were risk factors for nausea. A low BMI was a significant risk factor for diarrhea, which could be prevented by combination treatment with nintedanib and prednisolone. In addition, the mean annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity was significantly greater in patients with nausea than in patients without nausea. In conclusion, our findings suggest that patients with a low BMI and/or poor PS and those who receive the full nintedanib dosage at treatment initiation are more susceptible to gastrointestinal adverse effects during nintedanib treatment. Addition of prednisolone to the treatment regimen may prevent the development of diarrhea during treatment.
Human Fibroblast Gene Expression Modulation Using 940 NM Diode Laser
Authors: Illescas-Montes Rebeca , Melguizo-Rodríguez Lucía , García-Martínez Olga , de Luna-Bertos Elvira , Manzano-Moreno Francisco Javier , Ruiz Concepción , Ramos-Torrecillas Javier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow-Level Laser Therapy is used as regenerative therapy in different clinical fields. This is due to its photobiomodulation effect via cell signaling on different cell populations, Including fibroblasts, cells involved in tissue regeneration and healing. The aim was to analyze the effect of 940 nm diode laser on the gene expression of different markers involved in fibroblast growth, differentiation, and migration. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) was used to quantify the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGFβ-receptors (TGFβR1, TGFβR2, and TGFβR3), discoidin-domain receptor-2 (DDR2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), α-actin, fibronectin, decorin, and elastin on human fibroblast, treated with single dose (T1) or two doses (T2) of diode laser at 0.5 Watts and 4 J/cm2. A significant increase in the expression of FGF, TGF-β1, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, α-actin, fibronectin, decorin, DDR2 and MMP2 was observed after both treatments. A decrease was observed in expression of elastin (T1 and T2), and CTGF (T2). These changes underlie the biostimulatory effect of laser on fibroblasts, which translates into an increase in short-term proliferation and in long-term differentiation to myofibroblasts. These data support the therapeutic potential of diode laser for wound repair.
A Semi-Continuous Process For Polyphenols Extraction From Sea Buckthorn Leaves
Authors: Asofiei Ioana , Calinescu Ioan , Trifan Adrian , Gavrila Adina Ionuta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSea buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) is an important source of bioactive compounds such as: antioxidants, vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals. Sea buckthorn leaves extracts have been proved to have anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. In this paper, the extraction of polyphenols from sea buckthorn leaves using a semi-continuous small-scale reactor is described. The extraction conditions must not affect the composition and structure of polyphenols. For this reason, the influence of different parameters (residence time, solvent flow rate, stirring rate, reactor type, and solvent pre-heating) on the extraction process were studied. The polyphenolic extracts were analyzed in order to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), the antioxidant capacity and the concentration of the main phenolic compounds. The TPC increases with the stirring rate. Pre-heating the solvent leads to a better yield and reduced residence time. The antioxidant capacity is in concordance with the TPC results. HPLC analysis confirms that the semi-continuous microwave assisted extraction (MAE) does not affect the composition of the extracts. The energy consumption was significantly lower for MAE compared with conventional extraction (CE).
Prevalence and population genetics of the emerging honey bee pathogen DWV in Chinese apiculture
Authors: Diao Qingyun , Yang Dahe , Zhao Hongxia , Deng Shuai , Wang Xinling , Hou Chunsheng , Wilfert Lena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHoney bees are agriculturally important, both as pollinators and by providing products such as honey. The sustainability of beekeeping is at risk through factors of global change such as habitat loss, as well as through the spread of infectious diseases. In China and other parts of Asia, beekeepers rely both on nativeApis ceranaand non-nativeApis mellifera, putting bee populations at particular risk of disease emergence from multi-host pathogens. Indeed, two important honey bee parasites have emerged from East Asian honey bees, the miteVarroa destructorand the microsporidianNosema ceranae. AsV. destructorvectors viral bee diseases, we investigated whether another key bee pathogen, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), may also have originated in East Asian honey bee populations. We use a large-scale survey of apiaries across China to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of DWV in managedA. melliferaandA. ceranacolonies, showing that DWV-A prevalence was higher inA. mellifera, with a seasonal spike in prevalence in autumn and winter. Using phylogenetic and population genetic approaches, we show that while China and East Asian DWV isolates show comparatively high levels of genetic diversity, these bee populations are not a source for the current global DWV epidemic.
Abscisic acid induced a negative geotropic response in dark-incubated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Al-Hijab Layla , Gregg Adam , Davies Rhiannon , Macdonald Heather , Ladomery Michael , Wilson Ian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a role in stresses that alter plant water status and may also regulate root gravitropism and hydrotropism. ABA also exists in the aquatic algal progenitors of land plants, but other than its involvement in stress responses, its physiological role in these microorganisms remains elusive. We show that exogenous ABA significantly altered the HCO3− uptake of Chamydomonas reinhardtii in a light-intensity-dependent manner. In high light ABA enhanced HCO3− uptake, while under low light uptake was diminished. In the dark, ABA induced a negative geotropic movement of the algae to an extent dependent on the time of sampling during the light/dark cycle. The algae also showed a differential, light-dependent directional taxis response to a fixed ABA source, moving horizontally towards the source in the light and away in the dark. We conclude that light and ABA signal competitively in order for algae to position themselves in the water column to minimise photo-oxidative stress and optimise photosynthetic efficiency. We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms.
Aberrant habit formation in the Sapap3-knockout mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Hadjas Lotfi C. , Lüscher Christian , Simmler Linda D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotor behavior can be executed deliberately to achieve specific goals. With repetition, such behavior can become habitual and noncontingent on actions-outcomes. The formation of habits is a natural process that can become pathological, such as in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study used the Sapap3-knockout (KO) mouse model of OCD to assess habit formation based on reward devaluation. We also tested wildtype mice under different training and food-restriction schedules to assess the extent of natural habit formation. We found that Sapap3-KO mice were insensitive to the devaluation of a sucrose reward under conditions in which wildtype littermates were sensitive to devaluation. Moreover, food restriction favored goal-directed action in wildtype mice, whereas mice that were fed ad libitum were more likely to form habitual behavior but nevertheless maintained partly goal-directed lever-press behavior. In conclusion, only Sapap3-KO mice developed behavior that was fully insensitive to reward devaluation, suggesting that pathological habits in OCD patients are recapitulated in the present Sapap3-KO mouse model. In wildtype mice, the extent of habit formation was influenced by the state of satiety during training and the reinforcement schedule.
Trastuzumab and pertuzumab in circulating tumor DNA ERBB2-amplified HER2-positive refractory cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yarlagadda Bhavya , Kamatham Vaishnavi , Ritter Ashton , Shahjehan Faisal , Kasi Pashtoon M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous and target-rich disease with differences in actionable targets. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic types of cholangiocarcinoma differ significantly in clinical presentation and underlying genetic aberrations. Research has shown that extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is more likely to be associated with ERBB2 (HER2) genetic aberrations. Various anti-HER2 clinical trials, case reports and other molecular studies show that HER2 is a real target in cholangiocarcinoma; however, anti-HER2 agents are still not approved for routine administration. Here, we show in a metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with ERBB2 amplification identified on liquid biopsy (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing), a dramatic response to now over 12 months of dual-anti-HER2 therapy. We also summarize the current literature on anti-HER2 therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. This would likely become another treatment option for this target-rich disease.
Microscopic observation of efficient charge transport processes across domain boundaries in donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymers
Authors: Tanaka Hisaaki , Wakamatsu Ayato , Kondo Masahiro , Kawamura Shinya , Kuroda Shin-ichi , Shimoi Yukihiro , Park Won-Tae , Noh Yong-Young , Takenobu Taishi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackbone rigidity of conjugated polymers is suggested to play an essential role in realizing high-mobility transistors through the efficient interconnection of crystalline domains by tie molecules as discussed for the recently-developed donor-acceptor (DA)-type copolymers. However, no studies have directly observed interdomain hopping in these DA copolymers. Here, highly-efficient interdomain charge transport is observed in two typical high-mobility DA copolymers from the microscopic observation of charge carriers using field-induced electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The in-plane ESR signal exhibits a clear motional narrowing effect associated with the carrier motion across the boundaries. The activation energy of the interdomain charge motion is as low as that of intradomain motion (~10 meV), both of which are clearly lower than those observed in the conventional semicrystalline polymer. The structural origin of this efficient interdomain electrical connection is the rigid, nearly torsion-free backbone conformation of the tie molecule, as demonstrated from density functional theory calculations.
UWB‐radar‐based synchronous motion recognition using time‐varying range–Doppler images
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Zhou Jinhai , Tong Jingping , Wu Xiangfei 
Published: August 2019

Motion recognition has long been a research topic in the field of ambient assisted living. Radar has a good application value in indoor activity monitoring due to its privacy protection and non‐intrusive. In this study, the authors use an ultra‐wideband (UWB) radar with the centre frequency of 7.25 GHz to receive the reflection signal. Time–frequency analysis is performed on the radar signal to attain the time‐varying range–Doppler images (TRDI) which represent changes in motion characteristics over time. They then use the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm or a pre‐trained convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to extract features from TRDI. Finally, gated recurrent unit is employed to dynamically model these features and classify different motions. This recognition process can be synchronised with the action flow without having to wait for the motion to complete before starting the classification. The experimental results show that it has an accuracy of 93.06% for the PCA‐based method and 96.80% for the CAE‐based method in recognising eight kinds of indoor motions, reaching or even exceeding the performance of the non‐synchronous algorithms.
Therapeutische Optionen bei konnataler Zytomegalievirus
(CMV)-Infektion – Implikationen für die Einführung eines
Screeningprogramms
Authors: Bührer Christoph , Blankenstein Oliver , Rossi Rainer ,   für die Screeningkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder-
                        und Jugendmedizin (Mitglieder am Ende des Artikels)
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Seit der bundesweiten Einführung des
Neugeborenen-Screenings auf Phenylketonurie (1968) ist die Liste der
Zielkrankheiten in Deutschland stetig auf mittlerweile 17 (mit
Hörminderung und Hüftgelenksdysplasie) angewachsen (2018). Das
Beispiel des fehlgeschlagenen Neuroblastom-Screenings hat gezeigt, wie durch
Therapie von Erkrankungen, die nur durch ein Screening entdeckt werden, Kinder
zu Schaden kommen können. Für das versuchsweise in verschiedenen
Regionen eingeführte Screening auf konnatale Zytomegalievirus
(CMV)-Infektionen ist derzeit ungeklärt, ob und wie ein auf diese Weise
identifiziertes Kind behandelt werden soll.
Methodik Selektive Suche nach Therapiestudien in PubMed und der
Internationalen Plattform Klinischer Studienregister (ICTRP) der
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO).
Ergebnisse Bisher liegen lediglich Ergebnisse einer einzigen
randomisierten Studie mit einer nicht behandelten Kontrollgruppe vor
(Intervention: Ganciclovir über 6 Wochen intravenös). In diese
waren nur Kinder mit symptomatischer CMV-Infektion eingeschlossen. Die
Intervention war mit einer signifikanten Reduktion neu auftretender
Hörminderungen assoziiert. Leichte Vorteile einer 6-monatigen
gegenüber einer 6-wöchigen Therapie mit der oral applizierbaren
Ganciclovir-Vorstufe Valganciclovir zeigten sich bezüglich der
neurologischen Entwicklung in einer zweiten, ebenfalls auf Kinder mit
symptomatischer CMV-Infektion beschränkten randomisierten Studie. In
einer Beobachtungsstudie von Kindern mit konnataler CMV-Infektion und isolierter
Hörstörung, die über 12 Monate mit Valganciclovir
behandelt wurden, wiesen 2/3 eine Verbesserung des Hörens auf
(mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit 4½ Jahre).
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund des fehlenden Wirksamkeitsnachweis wird die
Behandlung von Neugeborenen mit oligosymptomatischer konnataler CMV-Infektion
einschließlich einer isolierten Hörstörung kontrovers
diskutiert. Eine generell akzeptierte Therapieempfehlung ist jedoch eine
notwendige Voraussetzung für ein Screening auf konnatale
CMV-Infektionen.
Overestimation of Risk and Increased Fear of Long-term Complications of Diabetes in People with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
Authors: Arend Florian , Müller Ulrich A. , Schmitt Andreas , Voigt Margarete , Kuniss Nadine 
Published: August 2019

AbstrAct
Objective The quality report of the disease management programmes of North Rhine Westphalia 2016 showed prevalences for long-term complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) of less than 30% for people with diabetes type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). The aim of this study was to assess risk expectations and fear regarding long-term complications of diabetes in people with DM1 and DM2.
Methods We assessed risk expectations and fear regarding diabetes complications in people with DM1 (n=110) and DM2 (n=143 without insulin, n=249 with insulin) visiting an University outpatient department of metabolic diseases. Fear of long-term complications was measured with the “Fear of Complications Questionnaire (FCQ)” (range 0–45 points, scores ≥30 suggest elevated fear). Participants were asked to estimate general and personal risks of long-term complications 10 years after developing diabetes in %.
Results Elevated fear of complications (FCQ scores ≥30) was observed in 34.5, 25.9, and 43.0% of those with DM1, DM2 without insulin and DM2 with insulin, respectively. Participants estimated a mean general risk of diabetes-related complications after 10 years amounting to 45.9±15.8% (DM1), 49.7±15.4% (DM2 without insulin), and 52.5±16.4% (DM2 with insulin) and personal risk with 52.5±24.4% (DM1), 45.8±22.7% (DM2 without insulin), and 54.1±23.4% (DM2 with insulin), respectively. Higher risk expectations were associated with higher fear of complications (p<0.001).
Conclusion Risk estimations regarding long-term complications were exaggerated in people with DM1 and DM2. About one third of the participants reported elevated fear of complications. Participants’ risk expectations and fear regarding diabetes complications appear excessive compared to population-based prevalence rates.
Human Factors and Usability for Health Information Technology: Old and New Challenges
Authors: Carayon Pascale , Hoonakker Peter 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Despite national mandates, incentives, and other programs, the design of health information technology (IT) remains problematic and usability problems continue to be reported. This paper reviews recent literature on human factors and usability of health IT, with a specific focus on research aimed at applying human factors methods and principles to improve the actual design of health IT, its use, and associated patient and clinician outcomes.
Methods: We reviewed recent literature on human factors and usability problems of health IT and research on human-centered design of health IT for clinicians and patients.
Results: Studies continue to show usability problems of health IT experienced by multiple groups of health care professionals (e.g., physicians and nurses) as well as patients. Recent research shows that usability is influenced by both designers (e.g., IT vendors) and implementers in health care organizations, and that the application of human-centered design practices needs to be further improved and extended. We welcome emerging research on the design of health IT for teams as team-based care is increasingly implemented throughout health care.
Conclusions: Progress in the application of human factors methods and principles to the design of health IT is occurring, with important information provided on their actual impact on care processes and patient outcomes. Future research should examine the work of health IT designers and implementers, which would help to develop strategies for further embedding human factors engineering in IT design processes.
Essential Considerations for Successful Consumer Health Informatics Solutions
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To present the breadth and depth of Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) initiatives and in particular, identify areas to further enhance such solutions with the incorporation of advances in artificial intelligence (AI).
Methods: A literature review was conducted. Inclusion criteria focused on barriers and facilitators as well as key milestones for CHI over the last 10 years. In addition, significant international initiatives in regions and /or countries and opportunities to incorporate the advances of AI also made up the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included factors that made reach/range of solutions to individuals or groups of individuals less than 50 people. Journals in Medline were accessed as well as the grey literature.
Results: 200 papers were identified but this was narrowed to 25 due to repetitions and similarities of the types of solutions presented. From this, it was possible to identify key barriers and facilitators including: socio-political factors, financial factors, infrastructure, as well as levels of health literacy.
Conclusions: The relatively nascent domain of CHI has developed and is growing. Full benefits will only be realized when more precision solutions that incorporate AI advances will be designed. The example of RxPredict is provided as a case vignette to illustrate.