bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 451: Impact of Resistant Starch Diet on Atherosclerosis in the Presence of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Karaduta Oleg , Zybaylov Boris 
Published: February 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% (1 of 10) of the worldwide population and is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the acceleration of atherosclerosis. In particular, a high incidence of atherosclerosis occurs in chronic renal failure patients with uremia, but the pathogenesis of the events that contribute to uremic atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Inflammation, vascular stiffness likely resulting from endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated atherosclerosis are considered prominent factors contributing to the high rates of CVD in CKD.
Our lab aims to demonstrate structural and functional protection against atherosclerosis by resistant starch diet, will provide a rationale to evaluate its use in CKD patients.
At the moment, our preliminary result shows significant increase in the bacteroidetes-to-firmicutes ratio. In addition, we observed an increase in the Ruminoccoccus genus upon RS supplementation. Next, we applied our metaproteomics analysis pipe-line to assess proteome changes between the four groups - healthy, healthy+RS, CKD, and CKD+RS. Our data shows that RS diet stimulates bacterial mass biosynthesis (characterized by highly abundant transcription/translation-related proteins) and increases bacterial proteins that may participate in host urea cycle.
An understanding of the link between microbiota and development of atherosclerosis in presence of end stage renal failure is of considerable clinical relevance. Our further plans include implementing deeper statistical analysis to establish strong correlations between those changes and CKD/CVD outcome, as well as identifying a target agent for CVD treatment. In summary, our methodology results in data on both host and bacterial proteins and yields both peptide-level and protein-level information. Our studies provide a foundation for identification of peptide-level, protein-level, and organism-level biomarkers of advanced kidney disease and suggest novel therapeutic targets. There is significant potential for drugging the microbiome with dietary recommendations.
WEAVE Trial
Authors: Alexander Michael J. , Zauner Alois , Chaloupka John C. , Baxter Blaise , Callison Richard C. , Gupta Rishi , Song Shlee S. , Yu Wengui ,   on behalf of the WEAVE Trial Investigators, Feng Lei , Bonovich David , Toth Gabor , Kott Brian , Veznedaroglu Erol , Ringer Andrew , Meyers Philip , Agola John , Ghodke Basavaraj , Alhajeri Abdulnasser , Fraser Justin , Given Curtis , de Valle Eric Lopez , Shah Qaisar , Nesbit Gary , Hassan Ameer , Grobelny Thomas , Fessler Richard , Shownkeen Harish 
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—
The WEAVE trial (Wingspan Stent System Post Market Surveillance) is a postmarket surveillance trial mandated by the Food and Drug Administration to assess the periprocedural safety of the Wingspan Stent system in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease.

Methods—
A total of 152 consecutive patients who met the Food and Drug Administration on-label usage criteria were enrolled at 24 hospitals and underwent angioplasty and stenting with the Wingspan stent. On-label criteria included age 22 to 80 years, symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis of 70% to 99%, baseline modified Rankin Scale score ≤3, ≥2 strokes in the vascular territory of the stenotic lesion with at least 1 stroke while on medical therapy, and stenting of the lesion ≥8 days after the last stroke. The primary analysis assessed the periprocedural stroke, bleed, and death rate within 72 hours of the procedure with adjudication by a core study Stroke Neurologist.

Results—
The trial was stopped early after interim analysis of 152 consecutive patients demonstrated a lower than expected 2.6% (4/152 patients) periprocedural stroke, bleed, and death rate. This was lower than the 4% periprocedural primary event safety benchmark set for the interim analysis in the study. A total of 97.4% (148/152) patients were event-free at 72 hours, 1.3% (2/152) had nonfatal strokes, and 1.3% (2/152) of patients died.

Conclusions—
With experienced interventionalists, and proper patient selection following the on-label usage guidelines, the use of the Wingspan stent for intracranial atherosclerotic disease demonstrated a low periprocedural complication rate and excellent safety profile. This is the largest on-label, multicenter, prospective trial of the Wingspan stent system to date with the lowest reported complication rate.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02034058.
A Tandem Evolutionary Algorithm for Identifying Causal Rules from Complex
Data
Authors: Hanley John P. , Rizzo Donna M. , Buzas Jeffrey S. , Eppstein Margaret J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We propose a new evolutionary approach for discovering causal rules in complex classification problems from batch data. Key aspects include (a) the use of a hypergeometric probability mass function as a principled statistic for assessing fitness that quantifies the probability that the observed association between a given clause and target class is due to chance, taking into account the size of the dataset, the amount of missing data, and the distribution of outcome categories, (b) tandem age-layered evolutionary algorithms for evolving parsimonious archives of conjunctive clauses, and disjunctions of these conjunctions, each of which have probabilistically significant associations with outcome classes, and (c) separate archive bins for clauses of different orders, with dynamically adjusted order-specific thresholds. The method is validated on majority-on and multiplexer benchmark problems exhibiting various combinations of heterogeneity, epistasis, overlap, noise in class associations, missing data, extraneous features, and imbalanced classes. We also validate on a more realistic synthetic genome dataset with heterogeneity, epistasis, extraneous features, and noise. In all synthetic epistatic benchmarks, we consistently recover the true causal rule sets used to generate the data. Finally, we discuss an application to a complex real-world survey dataset designed to inform possible ecohealth interventions for Chagas disease.
Track Deflection of Typhoon Nesat (2017) as Realized by Multiresolution Simulations of a Global Model
Authors: Huang Ching-Yuang , Huang Chien-Hsiang , Skamarock William C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Typhoon Nesat (2017) headed west-northwestward toward Taiwan but took a relatively larger northward deflection about 300 km away and then a leftward deflection after landfall at northern Taiwan. A global model MPAS, employing a multiresolution of 60–15–3 km mesh, is used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the track changes. The global model simulations are capable of resolving the detailed topographical effects of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) in Taiwan, giving reasonable 5 day tracks in agreement with the observations for Typhoons Soudelor (2015) and Megi (2016), and comparing better with the observed deflection of Nesat (2017) than the regional model simulation of WRF. Sensitivity experiments indicate that flattening the CMR only partially reduces the track deflection of Nesat, while the elimination of the initial cyclone over the South China Sea disables the possible Fujiwhara effect and leads to a southward-biased track with much weaker northward deflection. The northward deflection of Nesat is mainly in response to the wavenumber-1 (WN-1) horizontal PV advection as the southerly flow east of the typhoon center is enhanced by convergence with the outer cyclonic typhoon flow and the large-scale southwesterlies. Upward motions and PV in the troposphere thus are much stronger to the east of the center than to the west, resulting in westward translation induced by negative WN-1 vertical PV advection but eastward translation induced by positive WN-1 vertical differential latent heating to the east. Near landfall, with stronger upward motions produced over the northern CMR, vertical differential latent heating averaged in 3–8-km height becomes negative and thus retards the westward translation.
Quantitative View on the Processes Governing the Upscale Error Growth up to the Planetary Scale Using a Stochastic Convection Scheme
Authors: Baumgart Marlene , Ghinassi Paolo , Wirth Volkmar , Selz Tobias , Craig George C. , Riemer Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Two diagnostics based on potential vorticity and the envelope of Rossby waves are used to investigate upscale error growth from a dynamical perspective. The diagnostics are applied to several cases of global, real-case ensemble simulations, in which the only difference between the ensemble members lies in the random seed of the stochastic convection scheme. Based on a tendency equation for the enstrophy error, the relative importance of individual processes to enstrophy-error growth near the tropopause is quantified. After the enstrophy error is saturated on the synoptic scale, the envelope diagnostic is used to investigate error growth up to the planetary scale. The diagnostics reveal distinct stages of the error growth: in the first 12 h, error growth is dominated by differences in the convection scheme. Differences in the upper-tropospheric divergent wind then project these diabatic errors into the tropopause region (day 0.5–2). The subsequent error growth (day 2–14.5) is governed by differences in the nonlinear near-tropopause dynamics. A fourth stage of the error growth is found up to 18 days when the envelope diagnostic indicates error growth from the synoptic up to the planetary scale. Previous ideas of the multiscale nature of upscale error growth are confirmed in general. However, a novel interpretation of the governing processes is provided. The insight obtained into the dynamics of upscale error growth may help to design representations of uncertainty in operational forecast models and to identify atmospheric conditions that are intrinsically prone to large error amplification.
The Relationship between Convective Bursts and Warm-Core Intensification in a Nonhydrostatic Simulation of Typhoon Lionrock (2016)
Authors: Oyama Ryo , Wada Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Typhoon Lionrock (2016) was unusual among tropical cyclones (TCs) in that it formed east of the monsoon gyre in the western North Pacific, and moved counterclockwise. It rapidly intensified in the monsoon gyre in an environment of weak upper-tropospheric winds and vertical wind shear. This study used a 3-km mesh nonhydrostatic model to examine the warm-core intensification of Typhoon Lionrock, which was associated with cyclone-scale vigorous convection [i.e., convective bursts (CBs)]. The simulation reproduced the multiple CBs at intervals of 1 day or shorter, which were related to the diurnal cycles and other short time-scale variations in the TC convection. Each CB tended to precede peak temperature anomalies near the TC center by 0–12 h, indicating that the warm-core intensification occurred due to diabatic heating released by the vigorous eyewall convection. Notably, updrafts due to convection during the intensification phase were stronger than those occurring during the mature and decay phases, and the maximum temperature anomaly of the upper-tropospheric warm core rapidly increased during eyewall formation. In addition, this study indicated that most of the asymmetric inner-core vigorous convection associated with CBs, which was induced by the vertical wind shear, contributed to the warm-core intensification. Furthermore, the budget analysis of potential temperature within the TC inner core showed that adiabatic heating due to subsidence from near the tropopause within the eye, often following CBs, was essential in developing the eye. The lag correlation suggested the lag time between the CBs and the subsidence within the eye was 3–9 h.
A short report: reflective testing in the diagnosis of hereditary haemochromatosis: results of a short retrospective study
Authors: Malton Katie , Turnock Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Background Reflective addition of iron studies to elevated ferritin results can be a useful first step towards making a diagnosis of haemochromatosis; however, the criteria for doing so are poorly defined and the efficiency of different stages of this process are not well documented. We studied the efficiency of current practice at York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust with the aim to identify areas for improvement. Methods Data were gathered from the laboratory database on the number of iron studies and subsequent interpretive comments reflectively added by laboratory staff during an eight-month period. Reflective addition of iron was based on individual practice of the reporter. Standardised interpretive comments were added to suggest HFE genotyping when both the ferritin and transferrin saturation were raised. The number of patients successfully followed up and found to have pathological HFE gene mutations was used to evaluate efficiency. Results A total of 2651 raised ferritin results were reported during the evaluation period, which resulted in the reflective addition of 381 iron studies and 43 interpretive comments by the duty biochemists. This led to 33 requests for HFE genotyping and the identification of 13 individuals with pathological mutations. The number of iron studies reflectively added to diagnose one patient (NND) was found to be 29.3. Conclusions Reflective addition of iron studies and interpretive comments can assist in the early detection of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. Better guidance for laboratory staff undertaking reflective testing and for general practitioners facilitating patient follow-up may increase the efficiency of this diagnostic process.
Physical Education Experiences of Alaskan Youths with Visual Impairments: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Buckley Maggi 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Examining the experiences of students with visual impairments about physical education can lead to a better understanding of how they perceive lessons, activities, and interactions with teachers and peers. Although research in this area of inquiry is growing, the existing literature is limited by geographic location. More specifically, most research in this area has been conducted by examining the experiences of individuals living in the lower 48 states of the contiguous United States. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the physical education experiences of Alaskan youths with visual impairments. Methods: A convenience sample of four Alaskan youths with visual impairments were recruited to participate in this study. Data were collected via semistructured face-to-face interviews, reflective field notes, and observation notes. Data were analyzed thematically using a four-step line-by-line process, and emergent themes were displayed as findings and discussed concurrently. Results and discussion: Two interrelated themes were constructed from the participants’ narratives. One theme, “accommodation needs met and unmet,” described the participants’ experiences with needed accommodations in physical education and the feelings they ascribed to instances where needs were met or unmet. The second theme, “deleterious peer relationships,” depicted peer relationships in physical education between the participants’ and those without visual impairments and revealed several challenging types of interactions that typified those relationships. Interestingly, although the participants in this study described participating in physical education activities that may be unique to those experienced in the lower 48 states, their experiences with peers and teachers were consistent with those portrayed in research conducted throughout the country. Implications for practitioners: The themes that emerged from this study should be considered by physical education personnel providing services in this, and other similar, geographic regions when planning and providing physical education programming to students with visual impairments.
Association Between Culture and Culture-Independent Microtyping in Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Vaughn Andrew , Shaver Courtney , Clark David 
Published: February 2019

Background: Many different etiologies have been proposed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, including dysbiosis of the sinus microbiome. Attempts have recently been made to identify a pathogenic organism via advanced culture mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to use culture-dependent and culture-independent means of microtyping to determine whether any association exists between the quantity and quality of bacteria identified in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with a history of revision sinus surgery and persistent symptoms who underwent endoscopically directed culture and underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA of bacteria and fungi from February 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. Medical records were reviewed to determine the number of bacterial isolates and relative abundance of bacteria and fungi on culture and polymerase chain reaction. Results: Using culture-independent techniques of examining purulent secretions in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis, an average of 3.61 isolates were identified per specimen, compared with culture-dependent methods that revealed 2.10 isolates per specimen ( P < .05). The dominant species identified on each culture was rarely the most abundant species identified using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Conclusions: Traditional culture methodologies may fail to identify potential pathogens or the dominant pathogen in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with acute exacerbations.
Addressing Educational Needs in Managing Complex Pain in Cancer Populations: Evaluation of APAM: An Online Educational Intervention for Nurses
Authors: Leung Yvonne W. , Wong Jiahui , Kiteley Cathy , Ellis Jerusha , Esplen Mary Jane 
Published: February 2019

Context: Cancer-related pain is associated with significant suffering and is one of the most challenging symptoms to manage. Studies indicate that front-line clinicians often lack the knowledge on best practices in cancer pain management. Objectives: The current project, a quality improvement (QI) initiative, evaluated the outcome of an online educational intervention for nurses on complex cancer pain management. Methods: An online 7-module educational intervention, Advanced Pain Assessment and Management, was offered from 2012 to 2017. Pre–post course evaluations included self-reported knowledge and confidence across cancer pain management domains. In-course competency assessments included knowledge examination, online discussion forum participation, opioid dosage calculation assignment, and small-group-based case study. A mixed-model statistical analysis was used to assess pre–post course change in pain management confidence level. Results: In all, 306 nurses from 89 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, were enrolled in the course; 81.4% returned the precourse survey and 71.9% successfully completed the course. The average confidence level on pain management was low at baseline (57.5%) but improved significantly post-course. In-course competency assessments ranged from 81% to 89%. Mixed-model results showed post-course improvements in confidence levels, independent of sociodemographic background, clinical role, and professional educational level. Nurses with longer years of practice and more cancer cases reported greater confidence. Conclusion: A facilitator-led online educational intervention focusing on complex cancer pain management can significantly improve nurses’ knowledge, confidence, and skills. Low baseline knowledge among nurses highlights the pressing need for health-care organizations to implement cancer pain management training as an integral part of health-care QI initiative.
Endovascular recanalization of symptomatic non–acute intracranial artery occlusion: Procedural and mid-term clinical outcomes in the anterior circulation
Authors: Yu Jia Zhen , Sun Song Yun , Jon Sheen Jae , Goo Kim Joong , Hee Lee Deok 
Published: February 2019

Objective Symptomatic non–acute intracranial arterial occlusion (NAICO) is not uncommon. We report a single-center experience of the feasibility and safety of endovascular treatment of anterior circulation NAICO and summarize the outcomes of patient groups with successful or failed recanalization. Methods Patients who underwent endovascular therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis between January 2010 and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-eight patients with symptomatic NAICO (symptom onset > 24 hours) in the anterior circulation were identified. Results Successful recanalization was achieved in 76.3% of patients (29/38). Intraprocedural events occurred in 10.5% (4/38), including intima dissection ( n = 1), parent artery rupture ( n = 1) and acute in-stent thrombosis ( n = 2). Mean follow-up duration after successful recanalization was 36.5 months. One patient died 68 days after the procedure because of a newly developed posterior circulation stroke. Acute reocclusion was observed in two patients (6.7%); subacute or delayed reocclusion was observed in three patients (10%). Good final outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2) was achieved in 25 of 28 patients (89.3%) at three months. Mean follow-up duration of the nine patients with failed recanalization was 41.4 months. Three patients underwent extra–intracranial bypass for worsening symptoms. The other six patients showed stable or improved neurological status with antiplatelet medications. Good final outcome was achieved in eight of nine patients (88.9%) at three months. Conclusions Endovascular revascularization can be a viable option with an acceptable safety profile in selected patients with symptomatic NAICO in the anterior circulation. Further characterization of aborted cases would facilitate proper patient selection for endovascular treatment.
Ibrutinib therapy downregulates AID enzyme and proliferative fractions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Morande Pablo Elías , Sivina Mariela , Uriepero Angimar , Seija Noé , Berca Catalina , Fresia Pablo , Landoni Ana Inés , Di Noia Javier M. , Burger Jan A. , Oppezzo Pablo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractActivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of the immunoglobulin genes. As a trade-off for its physiological function, AID also contributes to tumor development through its mutagenic activity. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), AID is overexpressed in the proliferative fractions (PFs) of the malignant B lymphocytes, and its anomalous expression has been associated with a clinical poor outcome. Recent preclinical data suggested that ibrutinib and idelalisib, 2 clinically approved kinase inhibitors, increase AID expression and genomic instability in normal and neoplastic B cells. These results raise concerns about a potential mutagenic risk in patients receiving long-term therapy. To corroborate these findings in the clinical setting, we analyzed AID expression and PFs in a CLL cohort before and during ibrutinib treatment. We found that ibrutinib decreases the CLL PFs and, interestingly, also reduces AID expression, which correlates with dampened AKT and Janus Kinase 1 signaling. Moreover, although ibrutinib increases AID expression in a CLL cell line, it is unable to do so in primary CLL samples. Our results uncover a differential response to ibrutinib between cell lines and the CLL clone and imply that ibrutinib could differ from idelalisib in their potential to induce AID in treated patients. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical findings, and their effect on treatment safety, are discussed.