bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rat orbitofrontal ensemble activity contains a multiplexed but value-invariant representation of task structure in an odor sequence task
Authors: Zhou Jingfeng , Gardner Matthew P.H. , Stalnaker Thomas A. , Ramus Seth J. , Wikenheiser Andrew M. , Niv Yael , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been implicated in signaling information about expected outcomes to facilitate adaptive or flexible behavior. Current proposals focus on signaling of expected reward values versus the representation of a value-agnostic cognitive map of the task. While often suggested as mutually exclusive, these alternatives may represent two extreme ends of a continuum determined by the complexity of the environment and the subjects’ experience in it. As learning proceeds, an initial, detailed cognitive map might be acquired, based largely on external information. With more experience, this hypothesized map can then be tailored to include relevant abstract hidden cognitive constructs. This might default to expected values in situations where other attributes are minimized or largely irrelevant, whereas in richer tasks, a more detailed structure might continue to be represented, at least where relevant to behavior, and possibly alongside value. Here we sought to arbitrate between these options by recording single unit activity from the OFC in rats navigating an odor sequence task analogous to a spatial maze. The odor sequences provided a clearly mappable state space, with 24 unique “positions” defined by sensory information, likelihood of reward, or both. Consistent with the hypothesis that the OFC represents a cognitive map tailored to the subjects’ intentions or plans, we found a close correspondence between how subjects’ behavior suggested they were using the sequences, and the neural representations of the sequences in OFC ensembles. Multiplexed with this value-invariant representation of the task, we also found a representation of the expected value at each location. Thus value and task structure are co-existing and potentially dissociable components of the neural code in OFC.
Mitf links neuronal activity and long-term homeostatic intrinsic plasticity
Authors: Atacho Diahann A. M. , Reynisson Hallur , Pétursdóttir Anna Þóra , Eysteinsson Thor , Steingrímsson Eiríkur , Henry Petersen Pétur 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeuroplasticity forms the basis for neuronal circuit complexity and can determine differences between otherwise similar circuits. Although synaptic plasticity is fairly well characterized, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic plasticity, especially its transcriptional regulation. We show that the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), best known as the master regulator of melanocytic cell fate and differentiation, plays a central role in homeostatic intrinsic plasticity of olfactory bulb (OB) projection neurons. Mitral and tufted (M/T) neurons fromMitfmutant mice are hyperexcitable due to reduced Type-A potassium current (IA) and they exhibit reduced expression ofKcnd3, which encodes a potassium voltage-gated channel subunit (Kv4.3) important for generating the IA. Furthermore, expression of theMitfandKcnd3genes is activity-dependent in OB projection neurons, The MITF protein binds to and activates expression fromKcnd3regulatory elements. Activity can therefore affectKcnd3expression directly via MITF. Moreover,Mitfmutant mice have changes in olfactory habituation and have increased habitutation for an odourant following long-term exposure, indicating that regulation ofKcnd3is pivotal for long-term olfactory adaptation. Our findings show thatMitfacts as a direct regulator of intrinsic homeostatic feedback, plays a key role in olfactory adaptation and links neuronal activity, transcriptional changes and neuronal function.Significance statementA direct,Mitf-dependent link between neuronal activity and homeostatic changes in the expression of a key potassium channel subunit is demonstrated in projection neurons of the mouse OB. This is one of the first studies that directly link activity and genetically defined changes in intrinsic plasticity, leading to changes in neuronal response. These findings broaden the general understanding of transcriptional regulation of homeostatic intrinsic plasticity in learning and memory. The results are also important for understanding the role ofMitfin other cell types. Regulation of intrinsic plasticity has wide-ranging implications and fundamental importance for neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration, autism and epilepsy.
Accurate tracking of the mutational landscape of diploid hybrid genomes
Authors: Tattini Lorenzo , Tellini Nicolò , Mozzachiodi Simone , D’Angiolo Melania Jennifer , Loeillet Sophie , Nicolas Alain , Liti Gianni 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenome evolution promotes diversity within a population via mutations, recombination, and whole-genome duplication. However, quantifying precisely these factors in diploid hybrid genomes is challenging. Here we present an integrated experimental and computational workflow to accurately track the mutational landscape of yeast diploid hybrids (MuLoYDH) in terms of single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, copy-number variants and loss-of-heterozygosity.ResultsHaploid Saccharomyces parents were combined into diploid hybrids with fully phased genome and controlled levels of heterozygosity. The resulting hybrids represented the ancestral state and were evolved under different laboratory protocols. Variant simulations enabled to efficiently integrate competitive and standard mapping, depending on local levels of heterozygosity and read length. Experimental validations proved high accuracy and resolution of our computational approach. Finally, applying MuLoYDH to four different diploids revealed striking genetic background effects. Homozygous S. cerevisiae showed ~4-fold higher mutation rate compared to S. paradoxus. In contrast, interspecies hybrids exhibited mutation rates similar to intraspecies hybrids despite 10-fold higher heterozygosity. MuLoYDH unveiled that a substantial fraction of the genome (~200 bp per generation) was shaped by loss-of-heterozygosity and this process was strongly inhibited by high levels of heterozygosity.ConclusionsWe report a comprehensive framework for characterizing the mutational spectrum of yeast diploid hybrids with unprecedented resolution, which can be generalised to other genetic systems. Applying MuLoYDH to laboratory-evolved hybrids provided novel quantitative insights into the evolutionary processes that mould yeast genomes.
Multi-data sensor fusion framework to detect transparent object for the efficient mobile robot mapping
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Nagla Kuldeep Singh 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
An efficient perception of the complex environment is the foremost requirement in mobile robotics. At present, the utilization of glass as a glass wall and automated transparent door in the modern building has become a highlight feature for interior decoration, which has resulted in the wrong perception of the environment by various range sensors. The perception generated by multi-data sensor fusion (MDSF) of sonar and laser is fairly consistent to detect glass but is still affected by the issues such as sensor inaccuracies, sensor reliability, scan mismatching due to glass, sensor model, probabilistic approaches for sensor fusion, sensor registration, etc. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a modified framework – Advanced Laser and Sonar Framework (ALSF) – to fuse the sensory information of a laser scanner and sonar to reduce the uncertainty caused by glass in an environment by selecting the optimal range information corresponding to a selected threshold value. In the proposed approach, the conventional sonar sensor model is also modified to reduce the wrong perception in sonar as an outcome of the diverse range measurement. The laser scan matching algorithm is also modified by taking out the small cluster of laser point (w.r.t. range information) to get efficient perception.

Findings
The probability of the occupied cells w.r.t. the modified sonar sensor model becomes consistent corresponding to diverse sonar range measurement. The scan matching technique is also modified to reduce the uncertainty caused by glass and high computational load for the efficient and fast pose estimation of the laser sensor/mobile robot to generate robust mapping. These stated modifications are linked with the proposed ALSF technique to reduce the uncertainty caused by glass, inconsistent probabilities and high load computation during the generation of occupancy grid mapping with MDSF. Various real-world experiments are performed with the implementation of the proposed approach on a mobile robot fitted with laser and sonar, and the obtained results are qualitatively and quantitatively compared with conventional approaches.

Originality/value
The proposed ASIF approach generates efficient perception of the complex environment contains glass and can be implemented for various robotics applications.
Relative Effects of IFRS Adoption and IFRS Convergence on Financial Statement Comparability
Authors: Lin Steve , Riccardi William N. , Wang Changjiang , Hopkins Patrick E. , Kabureck Gary 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTOne of the primary objectives of both adoption of IFRS and convergence between IFRS and U.S. GAAP is to increase financial statement comparability. Using a unique setting in Germany, we compare the effectiveness of these two approaches in achieving this desired outcome. Our empirical tests show that both adoption and convergence lead to an increase in comparability after the new enforcement regulation in 2005. However, difference‐in‐differences tests show that adoption does not lead to a significant incremental increase in comparability beyond convergence. The findings of this study should be of interest to regulators and standard setters as they assess alternative methods of aligning domestic standards with IFRS.
Photoactivated chromophore corneal cross‐linking (PACK‐CXL) for treatment of severe keratitis
Authors: Idrus Elfa Alidrus , Utti Elina Maria , Mattila Jaakko S , Krootila Kari 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo report our experience with photoactivated chromophore corneal cross‐linking (PACK‐CXL) for treating keratitis patients.MethodsThis retrospective study consists of 27 eyes of 26 patients with infectious keratitis treated with PACK‐CXL at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2009 and 2017. Patients were treated with antibiotics/antifungal medications and underwent PACK‐CXL procedure due to lack of clinical response or severe corneal melts. For twenty patients, amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) was done during the same day. Follow‐up after cross‐linking ranged from 1 week to 12 months.ResultsSixteen infections were related to contact lens wear. Of the 19 eyes showing positive culture, the predominant micro‐organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 cases). The average re‐epithelization time was 13 days and in 15 cases (56%) the re‐epithelization occurred within one week. In 26 eyes, visual acuity increased and seven patients (26%) had a final visual acuity more or equal to 0.5 (20/40) Snellen.ConclusionsPACK‐CXL seems to be a safe and potential option for treating patient with infectious keratitis who do not respond to antibiotic therapy.
Survival and functionality of xeno‐free human embryonic stem cell–derived retinal pigment epithelial cells on polyester substrate after transplantation in rabbits
Authors: Ilmarinen Tanja , Thieltges Fabian , Hongisto Heidi , Juuti‐Uusitalo Kati , Koistinen Arto , Kaarniranta Kai , Brinken Ralf , Braun Norbert , Holz Frank G. , Skottman Heli , Stanzel Boris V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo study immunogenic properties of human embryonic stem cell–derived retinal pigment epithelium (hESC‐RPE) and to evaluate subretinal xenotransplantation of hESC‐RPE on porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in rabbits.MethodsHuman ESC‐RPE cells were characterized by morphology, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), protein expression and photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis in vitro. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins was assessed in conventionally or xeno‐free produced hESC‐RPE ± interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) stimulation (n = 1). Xeno‐free hESC‐RPE on PET with TER < 200 Ω·cm2 > or PET alone were transplanted into 18 rabbits with short‐term triamcinolone ± extended tacrolimus immunosuppression. Rabbits were monitored by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. After 4 weeks, the eyes were processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsUpon in vitro IFN‐γ stimulation, xeno‐free hESC‐RPE expressed lower level of MHC‐II proteins compared to the conventional cells. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) atrophy was observed over the graft in most cases 4 weeks post‐transplantation. In 3/4 animals with high TER hESC‐RPE, but only in 1/3 animals with low TER hESC‐RPE, ONL atrophy was observed already within 1 week. Retinal cell infiltrations were more frequent in animals with high TER hESC‐RPE. However, the difference was not statistically significant. In three animals, preservation of ONL was observed. Weekly intravitreal tacrolimus did not affect ONL preservation. In all animals, hESC‐RPE cells survived for 4 weeks, but without tacrolimus, enlarged vacuoles accumulated in hESC‐RPE (n = 1).ConclusionsXenografted xeno‐free hESC‐RPE monolayers can survive and retain some functionality for 4 weeks following short‐term immunosuppression. The preliminary findings of this study suggest that further investigations to improve transplantation success of hESC‐RPE xenografts in rabbits should be addressed especially toward the roles of hESC‐RPE maturation stage and extended intravitreal immunosuppression.
Detection of visual field defects by opticians – with Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online
Authors: Olsen Ane Sophie , la Cour Morten , Damato Bertil , Kolko Miriam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo study Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online (DMCO), an inexpensive online visual field test, used for screening at optician shops in Denmark.MethodsThis was an evaluation of a diagnostic test and customers were included if minimum 50 years old, with a visual acuity of minimum 0.5 and with less myopia than 6 D. Standard equipment was a computer, a wireless mouse and a computer monitor. We used the ‘DMCO STANDARD 4,5’ algorithm for screening. DMCO results were electronically transmitted to the authors. Customers with a positive DMCO test received an eye examination including the reference standard Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer 30–2 SITA Fast test. A subset of control participants with a negative DMCO test received the same examination in order to estimate the number of false and true negatives. DMCO specificity and sensitivity were estimated according to five reference standards with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe population comprised 627 individuals, 381 women and 246 men, from 13 optician shops. Mean age was 62 years (SD 7.4). DMCO was positive in 32 individuals and 27 individuals were classified as ‘true positives’ with diagnoses such as glaucoma, cataract and neurological visual field defects. Of the 595 individuals with a negative DMCO test, 110 were examined and nine individuals were classified as ‘false negatives’ according to diagnoses. Depending on reference the specificity was 97–99% and sensitivity was 14–69%.ConclusionScreening with DMCO demonstrated high specificity, whereas sensitivity was unsatisfactory. Future studies with enough power to estimate the true sensitivity is needed.
Planting gardens to support insect pollinators
Authors: Majewska Ania A. , Altizer Sonia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlobal insect pollinator declines have prompted habitat restoration efforts, including pollinator‐friendly gardening. Gardens can provide nectar and pollen for adult insects and offer reproductive resources, such as nesting sites and caterpillar host plants. We conducted a review and meta‐analysis to examine how decisions made by gardeners on plant selection and garden maintenance influence pollinator survival, abundance, and diversity. We also considered characteristics of surrounding landscapes and the impacts of pollinator natural enemies. Our results indicated that pollinators responded positively to high plant species diversity, woody vegetation, garden size, and sun exposure and negatively to the separation of garden habitats from natural sites. Within‐garden features more strongly influenced pollinators than surrounding landscape factors. Growing interest in gardening for pollinators highlights the need to better understand how gardens contribute to pollinator conservation and how some garden characteristics can enhance the attractiveness and usefulness of gardens to pollinators. Further studies examining pollinator reproduction, resource acquisition, and natural enemies in gardens and comparing gardens with other restoration efforts and to natural habitats are needed to increase the value of human‐made habitats for pollinators.
Ionic liquid as an effective solvent for cell wall deconstructing through astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Wei , Yue Zhou , Zeng Xin‐An , Cheng Jun‐Hu , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

SummaryHaematococcus pluvialis is a proficient source of natural antioxidant astaxanthin. However, the efficient extraction of astaxanthin from this microalga remains a great challenge due to the presence of the tough and non‐hydrolysable cell walls. In this study, ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment was used for deconstruction of cell wall method. Imidazolium‐based ILs exhibited higher cell disruption capability than pyridinium‐based and ammonium‐based ILs. After the ILs determination, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim] Cl) was the most efficient method for cell wall deconstruction that leads to the highest astaxanthin extractability. More than 80% astaxanthin was extracted from H. pluvialis under mild conditions (pretreatment with 40% IL aqueous solution at 35 °C, followed by methanolic extraction at 50 °C). In addition, [Bmim] Cl showed the excellent recyclability, and negligible loss of astaxanthin during IL pretreatment was observed. The present work demonstrates that the combination of IL pretreatment and organic solvent extraction was an energy efficient and eco‐friendly process for the astaxanthin recovery from H. pluvialis.
Evaluation of various Bacillus coagulans isolates for the production of high purity L‐lactic acid using defatted rice bran hydrolysates
Authors: Alexandri Maria , Neu Anna‐Katrin , Schneider Roland , López‐Gómez José Pablo , Venus Joachim 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDefatted rice bran (DRB) constitutes an abundant by‐product stream, generated during rice milling and subsequent bran oil extraction. Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and protein content in DRB was optimised in terms of solid loading. Among the four solid loadings evaluated (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%), the hydrolysate derived from 20% solids resulted in the highest concentration of glucose (82.3 g L−1) and free amino nitrogen (234.8 mg L−1). The fermentability of the hydrolysate was evaluated via screening of sixteen isolates. All the strains were able to grow and produce high purity L‐lactic acid, utilising the DRB as sole carbon and nutrient source. Among the studied strains, the Bacillus coagulans A107 isolate presented the most promising results in terms of final lactic acid concentration (75.9 g L−1), yield (0.90 g g−1) and productivity (2.7 g L−1 h−1). The results of this study indicate that DRB could be employed as an inexpensive, alternative substrate for L‐lactic acid production.
Effectiveness of a protocol for teaching dental tooth color in students with color vision impairment
Authors: Wagner Sonia , Rioseco Miguel , Ortuño Duniel , Cortés María F. , Costa Carolina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with color vision alterations (CVA), the correct determination of color is altered, but not the detection of changes in luminosity or value. There is no accepted training protocol for dental value selection in dental students with CVA. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of a dental color training protocol based on the dental value selection.Materials and MethodsAn intervention study was carried out on dental students in a University setting, applying a specific dental color training protocol on two groups of students. Group 1:4 students with CVA, Group 2:4 healthy students. A third group of four students without intervention was used as a control group. An initial diagnostic test was applied, which was reapplied at the end of the training.ResultsThe number of errors in the selection of the dental color decreased after training in all three groups, P > .05. For the value parameter, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of errors after training (P = .014).ConclusionsThe applied training protocol could be of help in students with CVA, but multicenter studies are needed.Clinical significanceLevel 3 evidence level.
The IOU Consensus Recommendations for Empirical Therapy of Cystitis in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Hanlon Joseph T. , Perera Subashan , Drinka Paul J. , Crnich Christopher J. , Schweon Steven J. , Klein‐Fedyshin Michele , Wessel Charles B. , Saracco Stacey , Anderson Gulsum , Mulligan Mary , Nace David A. 
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVETo establish consensus recommendations for empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis with anti‐infectives in noncatheterized older nursing home residents to be implemented in the Improving Outcomes of UTI Management in Long‐Term Care Project (IOU) funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.DESIGNTwo‐round modified Delphi survey.PARTICIPANTSExpert panel of 19 clinical pharmacists.MEASUREMENTSComprehensive literature search and development/review/edit of draft survey by the investigative group (one geriatric clinical pharmacist, two geriatric medicine physicians, and one infectious disease physician). The expert panel members rated their agreement with each of 31 recommendations for drugs of choice, dosing medications at various levels of renal function, drug‐drug interactions to avoid, and duration of therapy by sex on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Consensus agreement was defined as a lower 95% confidence limit of 4.0 or higher for the recommendation‐specific mean score.RESULTSThe response rate was 95% for the first round, and three recommendations achieved consensus (dosing for nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in those without chronic kidney disease, and drug‐drug interaction between trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and warfarin). In the second round, 90% responded and reached consensus on an additional eight recommendations (two for nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as initial drugs of choice, three for dosing ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at various levels of chronic kidney disease, and three drug‐drug interactions to avoid: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with phenytoin and ciprofloxacin with theophylline or with tizanidine).CONCLUSIONAn expert panel of clinical pharmacists was able to reach consensus on a set of recommendations for the empirical treatment of cystitis with oral anti‐infective medications in older nursing home residents. The recommendations were incorporated into a treatment algorithm for uncomplicated cystitis in noncatheterized nursing home residents and used in educational materials for health professionals in an ongoing controlled intervention study. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:539–545, 2019.