bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, perception and practice regarding antimicrobial use in upper respiratory tract infections in Qatar: a systematic review
Authors: Shaikhan F , Rawaf S , Majeed A , Hassounah S 
Published: September 2018

Summary Objective To explore the knowledge, attitude, perception and practice towards antimicrobial use in upper respiratory tract infections in patients visiting healthcare settings in Qatar. Design Systematic review was performed using a predetermined protocol and in accordance with standardized reporting guidelines. MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health and PsycINFO were searched for relevant published studies using relevant MESH terms and keywords. Setting All healthcare settings in Qatar including both inpatient and ambulatory care. Participants All published articles exploring the antimicrobial use in upper respiratory tract infections at any health setting in Qatar were considered for inclusion in the study. No age, gender or population were excluded. Main Outcome Measure(s) The outcome of interest was antimicrobial use in upper respiratory tract infections in Qatar. We included all related studies to explore the knowledge, attitude, perception and practice for patients visiting all health care settings. Results Three articles were included, one in a primary care setting, one in a secondary care setting and one in the private sector. Overprescribing was noted in all settings. Our findings demonstrate low expectations to receive antibiotics, among the Qatari population, in primary care (28.1%). In fact, the majority of patients would be satisfied with reassurance rather than receiving antimicrobials. Many patients were satisfied with explanation from physicians and counselling. Private sector registered high prevalence of antimicrobial misuse for respiratory tract infections in which 85% deemed inappropriate. This finding was also noted at a medical intensive care unit which showed high antimicrobial use (76%) and respiratory tract infections accounted for 57% of prescriptions. Conclusion Studies are needed to determine factors and population-based rates of antimicrobial use in all healthcare settings. There is also a need for interventional programs for both physicians and public on appropriate use of antimicrobials to combat global antimicrobial resistance.
FDI in Retail: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Basu Debasmita , Sarkar Abhirup 
Published: September 2018

In this article, we build a theoretical model of retail and wholesale trade to analyse the effects of the entry of multinationals in wholesale and retail markets on the size of the domestic retail sector and prices. We show that the domestic retailing sector will expand, the retail price will fall and the wholesale price will go up, if and only if the retailing cost of the MNCs is greater than the retailing cost of the domestic retailers. JEL Classifications: F13, F61, F63
A new collection of clay mineral ‘Crystallinity’ Index Standards and revised guidelines for the calibration of Kübler and Árkai indices
Authors: Warr Laurence N. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA new set of clay mineral ‘Crystallinity’ Index Standards (CIS) is available for improved calibration of the half-peak-width values of the X-ray diffraction 001 illite reflection (the Kübler index) and the 002 chlorite reflection (the Árkai index), two widely used indices for determining the state of prograde diagenesis and low-temperature metamorphism. Calibration using mudrock standards removes the numerical differences between laboratories caused by variations in sample preparation, machine settings and measurement methods, thus avoiding erroneous grade determinations. The number of standards available has been increased to nine. These can be used to obtain Kübler index values for each CIS sample and Árkai index values for upper anchizonal and epizonal samples. The diagenetic and lower anchizonal mudrocks are not suitable for Árkai index measurements due to the absence of chlorite or overlap by the 001 kaolinite reflection. Applying the new Kübler-equivalent upper and lower boundary limits of the anchizone placed at 0.32°2θ and 0.52°2θ, respectively (Warr & Ferreiro Mählmann, 2015), the nine standards from the Palaeozoic mudrocks of southwest England now comprise two diagenetic, two lower anchizonal, three upper anchizonal and two epizonal grade samples. These range from weakly cleaved mudstones to strongly foliated slates.
Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Alemán José O. , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Swann Jonathan R. , Walker Jeanne M. , De Rosa Joel Correa , Battaglia Thomas , Costabile Adele , Pechlivanis Alexandros , Liang Yupu , Breslow Jan L. , Blaser Martin J. , Holt Peter R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicrobiota and bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly alter systemic metabolic processes. In obese subjects, gradual weight loss ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and related systemic changes. We assessed how rapid weight loss due to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) affects the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acid composition, and their interactions with the plasma metabolome and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of VLCD-induced weight loss of 10% in ten grades 2–3 obese postmenopausal women in a metabolic unit. Baseline and post weight loss evaluation included fasting plasma analyzed by mass spectrometry, adipose tissue transcription by RNA sequencing, stool 16S rRNA sequencing for fecal microbiota, fecal bile acids by mass spectrometry, and urinary metabolic phenotyping by1H-NMR spectroscopy. Outcome measures included mixed model correlations between changes in fecal microbiota and bile acid composition with changes in plasma metabolite and adipose tissue gene expression pathways.ResultsAlterations in the urinary metabolic phenotype following VLCD-induced weight loss were consistent with starvation ketosis, protein sparing, and disruptions to the functional status of the gut microbiota. We show that the core microbiome was preserved during VLCD-induced weight loss, but with changes in several groups of bacterial taxa with functional implications. UniFrac analysis showed overall parallel shifts in community structure, corresponding to reduced abundance of the genusRoseburiaand increasedChristensenellaceae;g__(unknown genus). Imputed microbial functions showed changes in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant fall in fecal total bile acid concentration and reduced deconjugation and 7-α-dihydroxylation were accompanied by significant changes in several bacterial taxa. Individual bile acids in feces correlated with amino acid, purine, and lipid metabolic pathways in plasma. Furthermore, several fecal bile acids and bacterial species correlated with altered gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.ConclusionsVLCD dietary intervention in obese women changed the composition of several fecal microbial populations while preserving the core fecal microbiome. Changes in individual microbial taxa and their functions correlated with variations in the plasma metabolome, fecal bile acid composition, and adipose tissue transcriptome.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01699906, 4-Oct-2012, Retrospectively registered. URL-https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699906
Rnf220 cooperates with Zc4h2 to specify spinal progenitor domains
Authors: Kim Jumee , Choi Tae-Ik , Park Shinhye , Kim Myung Hee , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lee Seunghee 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
During early embryonic development of the spinal cord, graded sonic hedgehog signaling establishes distinct ventral progenitor domains by regulating the spatiotemporal expression of fate-specifying transcription factors. However, regulation of their protein stability remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays crucial roles in the generation of the ventral progenitor domains, which produce ventral interneurons and motor neurons, by targeting key transcription factors including Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2 for degradation. Surprisingly, RNF220 interacts with, and is co-expressed with, a zinc-finger protein ZC4H2, and they cooperate to degrade Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2. RNF220-null mice show widespread alterations of ventral progenitor domains, including the loss of the p2 domain that produces V2 interneurons. Knockdown of RNF220 and ZC4H2 in the chick spinal cord downregulates expression of the V2 interneuronal marker Chx10. Co-expression of RNF220 and ZC4H2 further promotes the ability of Nkx6.1 to induce ectopic Chx10+ V2 interneurons. Our results uncover a novel regulatory pathway in establishing distinct progenitor domains through modulating the protein stability of transcription factors. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which ZC4H2 mutations lead to human syndromes characterized by delayed motor development.
Early hyaluronidase use in preventing skin necrosis after treatment with dermal fillers: Report of two cases
Authors: Ciancio Francesco , Tarico Maria Stella , Giudice Giuseppe , Perrotta Rosario Emanuele 
Published: September 2018

Injection of dermal fillers, like hyaluronic acid (HA), is a safe procedure, with few and transient side effects such as erythema, bruising and swelling etc. The aim of this report is to provide our protocol for the early treatment of necrotic complications after facial treatment with dermal fillers. We present two cases of skin suffering of the face after dermal infiltration of HA, treated successfully with our early protocol. Our protocol includes the early infiltration of hyaluronidase in the treated areas. We start with infiltration of hyaluronidase distributed over the area to be treated through micro-injections with dosage 40 IU per cm2. Our protocol includes the use of systemic corticosteroids for 4 days, anti-aggregation therapy, oral antibiotic, topical cream with nitric oxide and compresses with gauze and warm water. In the skin complications after dermal filler treatment, marked pain and characteristic reticulated erythema in the skin distribution of the affected vessels is often developed. Due to the implementation of our protocol in these patients, we managed to avoid an irreversible necrotic complication of the face in both cases. In this report, our protocol was compared with results published in the literature and allowed us to avoid complications such as skin necrosis with permanent damage.
Morphological Characteristics of Different Rates of Dying
Authors: Putincev V. A. , Bogomolov D. V. , Sundukov D. V. 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study: scientific evidence and development of accessible morphological criteria that allow to determine the duration of dying and the rate of dying.Materials and methods. The material of the main study included 206 identified deaths of persons with different pre-known processes of dying, which served as criterion for selection from1500 deaths (n=206, 14%). Of these, 110 cases were observed by the forensic medical expertize, 79 cases were revealed by the forensic medical examination of the dead body and 17 cases were included after the postmortem autopsy. The sample included from 30 to 57 cases subdivided in 5 groups. 53 cases were selected for the first time interval, 30 observations for the second one, 32 observations for the third one, 34 observations for the fourth one and 57 observations for the fifth time interval. The following methods were used to study the material: analysis of information about the circumstances of death (based on the records), retrospective clinical and anatomical analysis, the main (classical) method of autopsy of human corpses in sectional studies and histological examination. In addition, an immunohistochemical test, as well as morphometric, macroscopic and photographic methods were used. For the accuracy and reliability of the findings, morphological and statistical analysis was used, which included both statistical analysis of morphological characteristics and tanatogenetic analysis of the cases of the sampled material.Study results. We developed and scientifically proved a methodology for determining 5 rates of dying according to the morphological characteristics systematized in morphological complexes: fulminant rate ≤15-30 min; fast rate >30 min — ≤2 h; moderate rate >2 — ≤6 h; slow rate >6 — ≤12 h; lingering rate >12 h. Approbation of the proposed method on the gross experimental material allowed to set the diagnostic limit of the total significance for each morphological complex, and thereby, to improve the methodology of establishing the rate of dying in accordance to the morphological characteristics for the use in forensic practice.Conclusion. The morphological complexes of the rate of dying established in this work would serve as a base for further development of not only forensic thanatology, but also for the aim of improving the medical and preventive care.
A importância da percepção do patrimônio natural dos recursos hídricos em processos de parcelamento do solo
Authors: Fantinatti Pedro Augusto Pinheiro , Zuffo Antonio Carlos 
Published: September 2018

A água é um elemento essencial para a vida. No entanto, o desenvolvimento industrial e o crescimento urbano têm provocado a concentração de uma quantidade considerável de lixo causando a degradação dos rios e suas nascentes. Este processo predatório de urbanização é ainda mais concentrado na América Latina. O que acontece, na verdade, é a consolidação de ocupações ilegais em áreas de proteção ambiental, devido ao custo impraticável da sua remoção. Ações devem ser tomadas para tornar mais eficiente os programas de urbanização e da qualidade desejada pela população, dentro dos padrões reconhecidos de sustentabilidade. Devem ser integrados os processos de planejamento, implantação e conservação nos projetos de urbanização, tendo em conta os conflitos e interesses das partes interessadas, visando a sustentabilidade das bacias hidrográficas. Nesta primeira fase desta pesquisa, tem sido feito um levantamento dos processos de concepção, planejamento e execução de projetos de urbanização, considerando as ações, ferramentas, símbolos e conflitos no interior das bacias hidrográficas. Este trabalho pretende propor uma metodologia que possa conduzir os processos de urbanização para que os conflitos no interior das bacias hidrográficas possam ser gerenciados visando o uso sustentável dos recursos hídricos.
Museus e Ferrovias: estudo sobre a preservação do patrimônio ferroviário paulista
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Romero de 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta três exemplos de museus industriais ferroviários do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), seus acervos e ações de preservação efetuadas nos últimos anos. Estas instituições têm sido objeto de nossa pesquisa atual: o Museu da Companhia Paulista, o Centro de Documentação da RFFSA/Bauru e o Museu Ferroviário de Sorocaba. Todos estes museus estão em velhas áreas de atividades ferroviárias, com diferentes problemas de preservação (das instalações, coleções, visitação). Nosso objetivo é expor, por um lado, o estado atual do patrimônio ferroviário que veio a compor o acervo destes museus; de outro lado, compreender a natureza das ações de política cultural nestas cidades e as características dos museus nelas estabelecidas. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos uma pesquisa histórica sobre a criação do museu; entrevistamos os responsáveis pelas instituições, em relação a projetos e objetivos dos museus, das propostas expositivas e atividades educativas.
Ferrovia e trabalho: o caso do patrimônio ferroviário paulista
Authors: Zambello Marco Henrique 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta o processo de unificação e privatização das estradas de ferro paulista, a partirda configuração das relações de trabalho estabelecidas nos anos 1970. Por meio do relato de um antigo ferroviário é possível compreender as razões da decadência ferroviária, que vão além da mera concorrência rodoviária. Se no passado as ferrovias significavam progresso e eram grandes empregadoras de trabalhadores, hoje representam abandono. Assim como prédios de oficinas, estações, moradias operárias, o sentido do patrimônio ferroviário está ligado à história do trabalho na ferrovia. A privatização subtraiu os elementos que reproduziam a identidade ferroviária.
Paranapiacaba: um caso de preservação sustentável da paisagem cultural
Authors: Figueiredo Vanessa Gayego Bello 
Published: September 2018

O trabalho apresenta a experiência de preservação sustentável da paisagem cultural de Paranapiacaba por meio da gestão municipal descentralizada desenvolvida pela prefeitura de Santo André entre 2001 e 2008. A partir da criação da Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Pq. Andreense viabilizou-se a integração entre as políticas de preservação do patrimônio cultural, conservação ambiental, turismo sustentável, desenvolvimento social, planejamento urbano e participação cidadã necessárias à promoção do desenvolvimento local com sustentabilidade. Paranapiacaba, que na linguagem indígena significa “local de onde se vê o mar”, conserva um significativo acervo tecnológico ligado a ferrovia e testemunhos de um padrão arquitetônico e urbanístico bastante avançados para sua época. Esta vila ferroviária se desenvolveu a partir de 1860 com a implantação da primeira ferrovia paulista construída pela companhia inglesa São Paulo Railway para escoar a produção cafeeira de São Paulo ao mercado internacional. Em 1946, a ferrovia e todo seu patrimônio foram incorporados ao Governo Federal. Em 1987, teve seu patrimônio reconhecido e tombado pelo CONDEPHAAT, em 2002 pelo IPHAN e em 2003 pelo órgão municipal, o COMDEPHAAPASA. A Vila está inserida na região da Mata Atlântica e em 1994 a UNESCO reconheceu a importância de sua biodiversidade e ecossistemas através da criação da Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde de São Paulo. Em 2008 a paisagem cultural de Paranapiacaba tornou-se o primeiro patrimônio industrial ferroviário brasileiro e também primeiro patrimônio cultural paulista a compor a lista indicativa do IPHAN ao título de Patrimônio da Humanidade da UNESCO.
Paisaje Cultural Cafetero en Colombia: reflexiones desde Cartagena de Indias, Jaguariúna, París y Barcelona
Authors: Sabaté Bel Joaquín 
Published: September 2018

La UNESCO acaba de reconocer el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. He venido siguiendo con interés los preparativos a lo largo de mucho tiempo, y particularmente en los dos últimos años y creo que las reflexiones y proyectos que se han venido desarrollando tienen un especial interés. Se propone poner en valor los recursos que atesora este territorio, a través de diversas intervenciones siempre orientadas a impulsar el desarrollo local, la mejora de la educación y calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Ese compromiso parte del respeto al territorio, a partir de cuidadas intervenciones, a convertirlo en un lugar donde se pueda vivir con dignidad. Es precisamente en ese sentido que cabe saludarlo como un proyecto ilusionante, consensuado y compartido hacia el que avanzar.
Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Pendidikan Ibu dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Pitaloka Diah Ayu , Abrory Rumaidhil , Pramita Ayu Deni 
Published: September 2018

Background:Exclusive breastfeeding is a breastfeeding exclusively without any food or other additional beverages starting from newborns to 6 months old baby. Data from Indonesia Health Profile of 2014 states that infants receiving Exclusive Breast Milk in Indonesia only reach 41.67%. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge, education, and exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the village of Kedung Rejo, Waru Sub-district, Sidoarjo District.Methods: This research was descriptive analytic study using cross sectional design. The population of this study was mothers who has infants aged 6-12 months in Kedungrejo Village Waru Sub-district Sidoarjo District. Sample was selected using simple random sampling technique involving 31 people. Data analysis was tested using Fisher's exact test.Results:The results showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Kedungrejo Village, Waru Sub-district was 29%. The results of tests using Fisher's Exact showed that mother's knowledge and education were not related to exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6-12 months.Conclusion: There was no significant association between maternal knowledge, education and exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:ASI Eksklusif adalah memberi Air Susu Ibu secara Ekslusif tanpa ada makanan atau minuman tambahan lainnya yang mulai dilakukan saat bayi baru lahir sampai bayi berumur 6 bulan. Data dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2014 menyatakan bahwa bayi yang menerima ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia hanya sebesar 41,67%.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dan pendidikan ibu hubungannya dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di desa Kedung rejo, Kecamatan Waru, Kabupaten Sidoarjo.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 31 orang. Data kemudian dikumpulkan dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji Fisher’s Excact.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi pemberian ASI Ekslusif di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten yaitu hanya 29%. Hasil uji dengan menggunakan Fisher’s Exact menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan pendidikan ibu tidak berhubungan terhadap pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan.Kesimpulan:Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu, pendidikan dan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif di kalangan ibu.
Do the Natural Chemical Compounds Interact with the Same Targets of Current Pharmacotherapy for Weight Management?-A Review
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Lenon George Binh , Gill Harsharn , Yuen Heidi , Yang Angela Wei Hong , Hung Andrew , Nguyen Linh Toan 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Pharmacotherapies are now
being introduced because lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient for weight management. The
treatment outcomes of current approved anti-obesity agents are not satisfying due to drug-related intolerances.
And so natural therapies including herbal medicines are popular alternatives for weight reduction;
however, there are limited studies about their mechanism of actions.

Methods:
Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest) were searched
to investigate the targets and safety profiles of the current and past anti-obesity drugs that have been
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as
well as the commonly used off-label agents. The targets for weight-loss natural products and their
principle bioactive components have also been searched. Only articles in English were included.

Results:
The targets for current anti-obesity single agents include pancreatic lipase, Glucagon Like
Peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor, and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. Potential targets such as amylin, pancreatic
alpha amylase, leptin receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 receptor (MC4R), Peroxisome Proliferator-
Activated Receptors gamma (PPAR γ), endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor and Adenosine
Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) were discussed in various studies. Natural
compounds have been found to interact with targets like pancreatic lipase, pancreatic alpha amylase,
AMPK and PPAR γ to achieve weight reduction.

Conclusion:
Current pharmacotherapies and natural chemical compounds do act on same targets. Further
investigations on the interactions between herbal compounds and the above targets are essential
for the development of novel weight-loss therapies.