bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactate, bicarbonate and anion gap for evaluation of patients presenting with sepsis to the emergency department: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Roman Cristina , Charters Kate E , O'Reilly Gerard , Gantner Dashiell , Cameron Peter A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveA serum lactate level >2 mmol/L has been chosen as the preferred cut‐off value for screening of patients with suspected sepsis. In patients with suspected sepsis presenting to the ED, we aimed to determine the outcomes of patients with initial lactate levels ≤2 mmoL/L, but abnormal bicarbonate or anion gaps (AGs).MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled patients from an adult tertiary referral hospital who presented with suspected sepsis. The predictive value of lactate, bicarbonate and the AG for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death at hospital discharge were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC).ResultsThere were 441 patients with suspected sepsis enrolled from February 2016 to June 2017. There were 96 (22.0%) patients who were admitted to the ICU and at hospital discharge, 42 (9.6%) patients had died. There was no statistically significant difference between the AUROCs of lactate or bicarbonate level or AG to predict ICU admission (P = 0.17). There was no statistically significant difference between the AUROCs of lactate or bicarbonate level or AG to predict mortality at hospital discharge (P = 0.44). Among the 73 patients with normal lactate levels, but abnormal bicarbonate or AG, there were seven (9.6%) deaths.ConclusionsA normal lactate level alone should not be used to exclude life‐threatening sepsis. Patients with metabolic acidosis characterised by low bicarbonate or high AG levels, but with normal lactate levels, have high rates of ICU requirement and mortality and should also be considered for early, aggressive therapy.
Salvage treatment with anlotinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Di , Nie Jun , Dai Ling , Hu Weiheng , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaoling , Ma Xiangjuan , Tian Guangming , Han Jindi , Han Sen , Long Jieran , Wang Yang , Zhang Ziran , Fang Jian 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThis real‐world study assessed the efficacy and toxicity of anlotinib as salvage treatment in Chinese patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe medical records of 81 patients with advanced NSCLC who had failed at least two lines of chemotherapy were retrospectively collected. All patients were administered anlotinib treatment until disease progression or intolerance as a result of adverse events. Survival curves were created using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log‐rank test was used for univariate analysis of progression‐free survival (PFS) between groups. Cox regression was used to estimate the statistically significant factors based on univariate analysis.ResultsThe median PFS was five months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5–6.5). The objective response rate (ORR) was 7% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 84%. The following subgroups of patients had longer PFS (P < 0.05): squamous cell carcinoma, no brain or liver metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0–1, and no previous VEGF‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. The results of Cox regression indicated that an ECOG PS of 0–1 (hazard ratio 0.152, 95% CI 0.057–0.403; P = 0.00) and patients without brain metastases (hazard ratio 0.421, 95% CI 0.195–0.911; P = 0.028) had longer PFS following anlotinib treatment.ConclusionAnlotinib, which is well tolerated, plays a significant role in the salvage treatment of advanced NSCLC. Patients with advanced NSCLC with an ECOG PS of 0–1 and no brain metastases achieved longer PFS following anlotinib salvage treatment.
Letter: post‐infective bile acid malabsorption and diarrhoea
Authors: Menon Shyam , Jones Barry 
Published: June 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Damsgaard et al and Jørgensen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14533 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15301.
Editorial: assessing histological disease activity in Crohn’s disease—a call for standardisation of mucosal biopsy location
Authors: Bryant Robert V. , Costello Samuel P. 
Published: June 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Novak et al and Vande Casteele and Jairath papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15250 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15307.
Letter: mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors—do they impact on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation?
Authors: Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: June 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Grigg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15253 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15324.
Letter: contraindicated drug‐drug interactions before and after initiation of direct‐acting anti‐viral agents in chronic hepatitis C patients in Taiwan. Authors’ reply
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: June 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liu et al and Shao papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15011 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15303.
Using metapopulation theory for practical conservation of mangrove endemic birds
Authors: Huang Ryan , Pimm Stuart L. , Giri Chandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs a landscape becomes increasingly fragmented through habitat loss, the individual patches become smaller and more isolated and thus less likely to sustain a local population. Metapopulation theory is appropriate for analyzing fragmented landscapes because it combines empirical landscape features with species‐specific information to produce direct information on population extinction risks. This approach contrasts with descriptions of habitat fragments, which provide only indirect information on risk. Combining a spatially explicit metapopulation model with empirical data on endemic species’ ranges and maps of habitat cover, we calculated the metapopulation capacity—a measure of a landscape's ability to sustain a metapopulation. Mangroves provide an ideal model landscape because they are of conservation concern and their patch boundaries are easily delineated. For 2000–20015, we calculated global metapopulation capacity for 99 metapopulations of 32 different bird species endemic to mangroves. Northern Australia and Southeast Asia had the highest richness of mangrove endemic birds. The Caribbean, Pacific coast of Central America, Madagascar, Borneo, and isolated patches in Southeast Asia in Myanmar and Malaysia had the highest metapopulation losses. Regions with the highest loss of habitat area were not necessarily those with the highest loss of metapopulation capacity. Often, it was not a matter of how much, but how the habitat was lost. Our method can be used by managers to evaluate and prioritize a landscape for metapopulation persistence.
Effect of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone on liver fat and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (MIRAD trial)
Authors: Johansen Marie L. , Schou Morten , Rossignol Patrick , Holm Maria R. , Rasmussen Jon , Brandt Niels , Frandsen Mikkel , Chabanova Elizaveta , Dela Flemming , Faber Jens , Kistorp Caroline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone has beneficial effects on liver fat and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes (MIRAD) trial.Material and methodsIn this 26‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, we enrolled 140 patients with T2D and high risk of cardiovascular disease. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either eplerenone with a target dose of 200 mg/day for patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or more and 100 mg/day for patients with eGFR between 41 and 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or placebo. The primary outcome measure was change in liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at week 26 from baseline; secondary outcomes were changes in metabolism, and safety by incident hyperkalaemia.ResultsNo changes in liver fat in the eplerenone group 0.91% (95% CI −0.57 to 2.39) or the placebo group −1.01% (−2.23 to 0.21) were found. The estimated absolute treatment difference was 1.92% (−3.81 to 0.01; P = 0.049). There was no beneficial impact on supporting secondary outcome variables of metabolism as fat mass distribution, lipid metabolism or insulin resistance. Despite a high dosage of eplerenone 164 versus 175 mg in patients treated with placebo (P = 0.228), the number of patients with incident hyperkalaemia (≥5.5 mmol/L) was low, with six in the eplerenone versus two in the placebo group (P = 0.276).ConclusionThe addition of high doses of eplerenone to background antidiabetic and antihypertensive therapy does not show beneficial effects on liver fat and metabolism in patients with T2D.
Assessment of right ventricular function and relation to mortality after acute pulmonary embolism: A speckle tracking echocardiography‐based study
Authors: Kanar Batur Gönenç , Göl Gökhan , Oğur Erhan , Kavas Murat , Ataş Halil , Mutlu Bülent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common condition that is related to increased adverse outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Our aim was to assess timing and magnitude of regional RV function using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to evaluate their relationship to long‐term mortality in patients after APE.MethodsIn total, 147 patients were enrolled at the onset of an APE episode and followed for 12 ± 1.1 months. For all patients, the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography examinations were performed at the diagnosis of APE and at the end of the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsOf the 147 patients, 44 (29.9%) died during the 1‐year follow‐up after APE. The patients who died had lower RV free wall peak longitudinal systolic strains (PLSS) and left ventricular (LV) PLSS and higher RV peak systolic strain dispersion (PSSD) index which means the electromechanical dispersion when compared with the survivors. The difference in time to PLSS between the RV free wall and LV lateral wall (RVF–LVL) which means the electromechanical delay was longer in patients who died than in those who survived during follow‐up, and this difference was an independent predictor of mortality at 1 year of follow‐up after APE, with 86.4% sensitivity and 81.7% specificity. At the end of 1‐year follow‐up, the RV free wall PLSS and the LV global PLSS increased, whereas the RV PSSD index and the difference in time to PLSS between the RVF and LVL decreased.ConclusionsAcute pulmonary embolism was associated with RV dysfunction and RV electromechanical delay and dispersion. These parameters improved at the end of 1‐year follow‐up. The electromechanical delay index might be a useful predictor of mortality in patients after APE.
Direct and indirect costs associated with stereotactic radiosurgery or open surgery for medial temporal lobe epilepsy: Results from the ROSE trial
Authors: Langfitt John T. , Quigg Mark , Yan Guofen , Yu Wei , Ward Mariann M. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Chang Edward F. , Broshek Donna K. , Laxer Kenneth D. , Cole Andrew J. , Sneed Penny K. , Hess Christopher , Tripathi Manjari , Heck Christiaanne N. , Miller John W. , Garcia Paul A. , McEvoy Andrew , Fountain Nathan B. , Salanova Vicenta , Knowlton Robert C. , Bagić Anto , Henry Thomas , Kapoor Siddharth , McKhann Guy , Palade Adriana E. , Reuber Markus , Tecoma Evelyn ,   the ROSE Trial Study Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a less‐invasive approach to surgery for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with lower health care costs and costs of lost productivity over time, compared to open surgery.MethodsWe compared direct medical costs and indirect productivity costs associated with treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in the ROSE (Radiosurgery or Open Surgery for Epilepsy) trial. Health care use was abstracted from hospital bills, the study database, and diaries in which participants recorded health care use and time lost from work while seeking care. Costs of use were calculated using a Medicare costing approach used in a prior study of the costs of ATL. The power of many analyses was limited by the sample size and data skewing.ResultsCombined treatment and follow‐up costs (in thousands of US dollars) did not differ between SRS (n = 20, mean = $76.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 50.7‐115.6) and ATL (n = 18, mean = $79.0, 95% CI = 60.09‐103.8). Indirect costs also did not differ. More ATL than SRS participants were free of consciousness‐impairing seizures in each year of follow‐up (all P < 0.05). Costs declined following ATL (P = 0.005). Costs tended to increase over the first 18 months following SRS (P = 0.17) and declined thereafter (P = 0.06). This mostly reflected hospitalizations for SRS‐related adverse events in the second year of follow‐up.SignificanceLower initial costs of SRS for medial temporal lobe epilepsy were largely offset by hospitalization costs related to adverse events later in the course of follow‐up. Future studies of less‐invasive alternatives to ATL will need to assess adverse events and major costs systematically and prospectively to understand the economic implications of adopting these technologies.
Predicting the contributions of novel marine prey resources from angling and anadromy to the diet of a freshwater apex predator
Authors: Nolan Emma T. , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Britton J. Robert 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Anadromous fishes can be important prey resources for piscivorous fauna in lowland rivers. Freshwater anglers exploiting large‐bodied cypriniform fishes use high quantities of pelletised marine fishmeal baits that can contribute substantially to fish diets. This marine‐derived energy pathway also potentially provides a marine prey resource for freshwater piscivores. However, large‐bodied cypriniform fishes are often in a size refuge against predation due to their large sizes.

Stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) analysis assessed how novel marine prey resources influenced the diet of a freshwater apex predator, northern pike Esox lucius, in an impounded river basin (lower River Severn, western England). Up to three groups of prey resources were present: anadromous European shad (Alosa spp.), cypriniform fishes with dietary specialisms based on marine fishmeal baits, and freshwater prey. The availability of these prey resources to E. lucius varied according to river connectivity and levels of angling exploitation in different river reaches.

Where the three prey groups were present, E. lucius were more enriched in δ13C values (range: −24.74 to −16.34‰) compared to river reaches where aspects of the marine prey groups were absent (range: −28.30 to −21.47). In all reaches, δ13C increased as E. lucius length increased. In the reach where all prey groups were present, the isotopic niches of three E. lucius size categories were strongly partitioned; this was not apparent in reaches where the marine pathways were unavailable.

Stable isotope mixing models suggested that freshwater prey were the most important prey item, contributing between 42% and 96% to the diet of individual E. lucius. However, where present, anadromous fishes and cypriniform fishes specialising on marine fishmeal baits were also important prey items, contributing substantially to the diet of larger E. lucius (length > 650 mm). The total dietary contributions of the marine resources varied considerably among the individual larger fish (22–58% of total diet).

The presence of two marine resource pathways in a lowland river thus strongly influenced the diet of an apex predator, but with contributions being a function of their spatial availability, E. lucius body size and individual trophic specialisations. These results emphasise how the anthropogenic activities of river engineering and human subsidies can affect the trophic dynamics of apex predators.
CCR5 genetic variants and epidemiological determinants for HPV infection and cervical premalignant lesions
Authors: Mangieri Luis Fernando L. , Sena Michelle M. , Cezar‐dos‐Santos Fernando , Trugilo Kleber P. , Okuyama Nádia C. M. , Pereira Érica R. , Maria Gabriela C. Q. , Watanabe Maria Angelica E. , de Oliveira Karen B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to the development of productive epithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Most cervical HPV infections are solved by cell‐mediated immunity within 1–2 years, and it is known that chronic inflammation predisposes to lesions progression and tumour development. In this context, we highlight the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) which is involved in leucocytes chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, controlling the immune response. The CCR5 rs333 genotyping of 164 HPV infected women and 185 non‐infected women was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPV infection was more frequent among women under 34 years old (p < 0.001), single (p = 0.001), that received 1 minimum wage or less (p = 0.002), tobacco smokers (p = 0.007), who had the first sexual intercourse before 17 years old (p = 0.038) and that had 4 or more sexual partners during lifetime (p = 0.001). No significant difference regarding genotypes and alleles distribution according to HPV infection was observed. CCR5/CCR5 genotype was observed in 94.1% of HPV non‐infected women and in 89% of infected ones, CCR5/Δ32 in 5.9% of HPV infected and in 10.4% of non‐infected women, and Δ32/Δ32 was observed in only one (0.6%) infected patient. CCR5 genotypes were also not associated with cervical lesions development among HPV infected women (p = 0.167). Since CCR5 may control the antitumour immune response and cervical lesions and the studied rs333 polymorphism is not very frequent, other studies are necessary, in order to establish CCR5 role on HPV infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions development.
Association between the CD14−260C>T gene polymorphism and susceptibility to myocardial infarction: Evidence from case−control studies
Authors: Zhao Enfa , Wang Chaoliang , Xie Hang , Du Yajuan , Zhang Yushun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNumerous published studies have investigated the relationship between the CD14−260C>T (rs2569190) polymorphism and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the results are still conflicting and inconclusive. Potentially eligible published articles were searched in four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the associations. Thirteen papers including 17 case–control studies were included, reporting a total of 6,443 MI patients and 6,315 controls. A significant increase in overall MI susceptibility was identified in the homozygote model. In the subgroup analysis, with respect to the type of MI, a significantly increasing acute MI susceptibility was found in the homozygote model. In the subgroup analysis for ethnicity, a significant increased susceptibility was found in Asian populations in allele, homozygote, recessive and dominant models. However, no significant association was found among Caucasian populations. In conclusion, there may be a moderate association between the CD14−260C>T polymorphism and acute MI susceptibility. This association may be different between ethnicities with the CD14−260C>T polymorphism being a risk factor for myocardial infarction in Asian populations.
Maternal nicotine dependence is associated with longitudinal increases in child obesogenic eating behaviors
Authors: Cummings Jenna R. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Miller Alison L. , Hyde Luke W. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundMeta‐analysis shows that parental cigarette smoking is associated with child obesity.ObjectivesThis study tested for associations between severity of maternal nicotine dependence and longitudinal changes in child eating behavior in archival data analysis.MethodsMaternal nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Child eating behavior was assessed with the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire when children were ages 4, 6, 8, and 10.ResultsOver and above the influence of child age, child biological sex, and family income‐to‐needs ratio, more severe maternal nicotine dependence was associated with greater increases in child Food Responsiveness (γ = 0.07, SEγ = 0.03, P = .014, 95% CI [0.01, 0.13]) and Emotional Overeating (γ = 0.06, SEγ = 0.03, P = .024, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11]) across 6 years.ConclusionsMaternal nicotine dependence may be a transdiagnostic risk factor that identifies children at risk for reward‐driven, obesogenic eating behavior.
Screening for prostate cancer: History, evidence, controversies and future perspectives toward individualized screening
Authors: Ito Kazuto , Oki Ryo , Sekine Yoshitaka , Arai Seiji , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Shibata Yasuhiro , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Kurosawa Isao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferences in the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer between the USA and Japan have been decreasing over time, and were only twofold in 2017. Therefore, countermeasures against prostate cancer could be very important not only in Western countries, but also in developed Asian countries. Screening for prostate cancer in the general population using transrectal ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and/or prostate acid phosphatase began in Japan in the early 1980s, and screening with prostate‐specific antigen and digital rectal examination has been widespread in the USA since the late 1980s. Large‐ and mid‐scale randomized controlled trials on screening for prostate cancer began around 1990 in the USA, Canada and Europe. However, most of these studies failed as randomized controlled trials because of high contamination in the control arm, low compliance in the screening arm or insufficient screening setting about screening frequency and/or biopsy indication. The best available level 1 evidence is data from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer and the Göteborg screening study. However, several non‐urological organizations and lay media around the world have mischaracterized the efficacy of prostate‐specific antigen screening. To avoid long‐term confusion about screening for prostate cancer, leading professional urological organizations, including the Japanese Urological Association, are moving toward the establishment of an optimal screening system that minimizes the drawbacks of overdetection, overtreatment and loss of quality of life due to treatment, and maximizes reductions in the risk of death as a result of prostate cancer and the development of metastatic prostate cancer.
Integrating diabetic retinopathy screening within diabetes education services in Australia's diabetes and indigenous primary care clinics
Authors: Atkinson‐Briggs Sharon , Jenkins Alicia , Keech Anthony , Ryan Christopher , Brazionis Laima ,   on behalf of the Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Diabetic Retinopathy
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs diabetes occurs in all ethnicities and regions it is essential that retinopathy screening be widely available. Screening rates are lower in Indigenous than in non‐Indigenous Australians. Technological advances and Medicare rebates should facilitate improved outcomes. Use of non‐ophthalmic clinicians, (general practitioners, diabetes educators, health‐workers and endocrinologists) to supplement coverage by ophthalmologists and optometrists would extend retinopathy screening capacity. Diabetes educators are an integral part of diabetes management. Integrating ocular screening and diabetes education in primary care settings has potential to improve synergistically retinopathy screening coverage, patient self‐management, risk factor control, care satisfaction, health economics and sustainability of under‐resourced services.