bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early blowing in raw goats’ milk cheese: gas production capacity of Enterobacteriaceae species present during manufacturing and ripening
Authors: Tabla Rafael , Gómez Antonia , Simancas Alfredo , Rebollo José Emilio , Molina Felipe , Roa Isidro 
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the main Enterobacteriaceae species responsible for early gas blowing during curdling and the first week of ripening in raw goats’ milk cheese. Two batches of raw goats’ milk cheese were selected. One of them showed early blowing within the first 24 h of cheese ripening while the other showed no alteration. Although initial levels of Enterobacteriaceae were similar in defective and non-defective cheese, their dynamics (growth and disappearance rates of the species detected) were different. Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae were the main species in the defective curd, whereas Buttiauxela spp. was predominant in normal curd. Hafnia alvei was the prevailing isolated species for both normal and defective cheese throughout the ripening process. The highest gas production was rendered by K. oxytoca and H. alvei, mainly isolated from curd and cheese. However, other species relevant in milk or curd, like Pantoea ssp. or Buttiauxela spp. were considered as low gas producers. The analysis of digitalized images of cheese showed that most of the cheese eyes were formed before the first week of ripening, although this process continued during maturation.According to the species found in the defective and non-defective cheese, their proportions at different ripening stages, their ability to produce gas and eye formation, K. oxytoca might be considered the most likely responsible for early blowing in raw goats’ milk cheeses; while H. alvei increased the eyes number in the later stages of the ripening period.
Legal Reasoning in a Slave Society (Brazil, 1860–88)
Authors: Cantisano Pedro Jimenez , Dias Paes Mariana Armond 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article analyses arguments used in an 1866 Brazilian freedom suit to highlight a substantive legal perspective. Historians of Brazilian slavery law have given attention to the politics of freedom suits, largely disregarding the role of law in their origins, developments, and outcomes. By looking at legal arguments, we show how law and political views mutually framed each other. We focus on the impact of 19th century legal modernizations in the distinction and contradictions between the law of status and property law, the legal translations of freedom, and the uses of arguments based on codes, natural law, and pragmatic considerations about the judiciary's role in a slave society. This is a micro-history of a suit that, with the help of other 19th-century freedom suits and legal doctrine, allows us to move up and down different historical scales to understand law's centrality in the political perpetuation and demise of slavery in Brazil.
Generational differences in dietary pattern among Brazilian adults born between 1934 and 1975: a latent class analysis
Authors: Bezerra Ilana Nogueira , Bahamonde Nila Mara Smith Galvão , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Chor Dóra , de Oliveira Cardoso Letícia , Aquino Estela ML , da Conceição Chagas de Almeida Maria , del Carmen Bisi Molina Maria , de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca Maria , de Matos Sheila Maria Alvim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify generational differences in the dietary patterns of Brazilian adults born between 1934 and 1975.DesignA cross-sectional study from the baseline of the multicentre Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort. Year of birth was categorized into three birth generations: Traditionalists (born between 1934 and 1945); Baby Boomers (born between 1946 and 1964); and Generation X (born between 1965 and 1975). Food consumption was investigated using an FFQ. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify data-driven dietary patterns.SettingBrazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n 15 069) aged 35–74 years.ResultsA three-class model was generated from the LCA for each birth generation. Generation X presented higher energy intakes (kJ/kcal) from soft drinks (377·4/90·2) and sweets (1262·3/301·7) and lower energy intakes from fruit (1502·5/359·1) and vegetables (311·3/74·4) than Baby Boomers (283·7/67·8, 1047·7/250·4, 1756·0/419·7 and 365·3/87·3, respectively) and Traditionalists (186·2/44·5, 518·8/124·0, 1947·7/465·5 and 404·6/96·7, respectively). For Baby Boomers and Generation X, we found food patterns with similar structures: mixed pattern (22·7 and 29·7 %, respectively), prudent pattern (43·5 and 34·9 %, respectively) and processed pattern (33·8 and 35·4 %, respectively). Among Traditionalists, we could also identify mixed (30·9 %) and prudent (21·8 %) patterns, and a third pattern, named restricted dietary pattern (47·3 %).ConclusionsThe younger generation presented higher frequencies of consuming a pattern characterized by a low nutritional diet, compared with other generations, indicating that they may age with a greater burden of chronic diseases. It is important to develop public health interventions promoting healthy foods, focusing on the youngest generations.
The availability of health information to patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica: results from the Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Cohort study
Authors: Tshimologo Maatla , Helliwell Toby , Hider Samantha , Mallen Christian , Muller Sara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the provision of information to, and seeking of information by, patients newly diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in primary care.BackgroundPMR is an inflammatory rheumatological condition of older people that can be treated with long-term oral glucocorticoids. Management usually requires the patient to understand the potential complications of treatment and the disease, as well as involvement in reducing treatment dose. This may be complex for patients to understand.MethodData are taken from the baseline phase of the PMR Cohort study, which recruited newly diagnosed patients with PMR from UK primary care. Participants provided information on their PMR symptoms, general health and sociodemographics. They also completed items regarding information provision by their doctor at diagnosis, its usefulness and their own search for information.FindingsA total of 652 people responded to the baseline survey. In all, 399 (62.7%) had received written information from their doctor; 237 (98%) found it useful; 265 (42.9%) would have liked more information; and 311 (48.4%) sought out more information. Those who were not given information and did not seek it out tended to be older and have poorer internet access.Information provided at diagnosis to patients with PMR is useful, but more than a third did not receive any. This is concerning when PMR requires self-management and vigilance for red flags. Doctors should make use of the resources already available to them to support patients and should specifically ensure that these are available to more elderly patients and those without internet access.
A review of radar signals in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, and immunity against jamming
Authors: Baher Safa Hanbali Samer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPulse compression technique allows a radar to achieve the resolution of a short pulse and the energy of a long pulse simultaneously, without the requirement of high-power transmission. Therefore, pulse compression radars have a low probability of intercept capability. The common types of pulse compression signals are frequency modulated waveforms and phase-coded waveforms, which have different properties. The optimum radar signal should have good immunity against deceptive jamming, good Doppler tolerance to detect high-speed targets, and low time-sidelobe level to detect weak targets nearby the strong ones. This paper reviews the current research in the commonly used radar signals, and presents their pros and cons, and compares between them in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, as well as immunity against jamming in order to provide a reference for the researchers in the field of radar systems and electronic warfare.
Three‐Dimensional Raman Tomographic Microspectroscopy: A Novel Imaging Technique
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet , Jaret Steven , Young Jordan , Wright Shawn P. , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemical constituents and their spatial distributions in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples may provide clues to their formation histories and secondary processes they were subjected to. Most analytical tools are either limited in imaging the interior of samples or they are destructive such that the sample is chemically modified. In this work, we have conducted three‐dimensional Raman tomographic imaging experiments on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. The in situ nondestructive analytical technique presented here provides spatial distribution of various chemical constituents from the interior of the samples with high spatial and depth resolution. Raman data were first collected from two‐dimensional layers at the surface and at various depths inside the samples by means of confocal Raman imaging. Individual chemical distribution maps were generated for each layer, which were then stacked to form and visualize the three‐dimensional distributions. In addition to three‐dimensional distributions, Raman spectral information was also collected from each pixel within the measured areas, thus allowing us to also perform detailed spectral investigations of the samples.
Exploration of a Composite Index to Describe Magnetospheric Activity: Reduction of the Magnetospheric State Vector to a Single Scalar
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Denton Michael H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGeomagnetic activity is usually gauged by a single time‐dependent geomagnetic index. One drawback is that an individual geomagnetic index measures only one aspect of the activity in the Earth's magnetosphere. Here we construct a time‐dependent 11‐element magnetospheric state vectorEfor Earth that consists of measures of high‐latitude currents, polar cap current, magnetospheric convection, plasma pressure, ion and electron precipitation rates, the intensity of substorm‐injected electrons, and the elapsed time since the last substorm onset. At the same time we construct an eight‐element time‐dependent solar‐wind state vectorSfrom the measured properties of the solar wind at Earth. In thisS → Epicture a time‐dependent “magnetospheric‐activity index” E(1)is created from a weighted sum of the 11 variables in the magnetospheric state vector, with the weights chosen by the vector correlation properties between the magnetospheric state vectorEand the solar wind state vectorS. The properties and advantages of this E(1)index are examined for the years 1991–2007. Comparing fits made on different subsets of the data demonstrates the robustness of the definition of E(1); tests using out‐of‐sample data demonstrate the accuracy of solar wind predictions of E(1). The advantages of the composite index E(1)include a more direct association with the solar wind, linearity, high predictability, and versatility with respect to (a) storm‐versus‐quiet intervals, (b) solar maximum versus solar minimum, and (c) the various types of solar wind plasma. Defining magnetospheric storms with the composite index E(1)is explored, and categorizing magnetospheric storms using the magnetospheric state vectorEis considered.
Stream Centric Methods for Determining Groundwater Contributions in Karst Mountain Watersheds
Authors: Neilson B. T. , Tennant H. , Stout T. L. , Miller M. P. , Gabor R. S. , Jameel Y. , Millington M. , Gelderloos A. , Bowen G. J. , Brooks P. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClimate change influences on mountain hydrology are uncertain but likely to be mediated by variability in subsurface hydrologic residence times and flow paths. The heterogeneity of karst aquifers adds complexity in assessing the resiliency of these water sources to perturbation, suggesting a clear need to quantify contributions from and losses to these aquifers. Here we develop a stream centric method that combines mass and flow balances to quantify net and gross gains and losses at different spatial scales. We then extend these methods to differentiate between karst conduit and matrix contributions from the aquifer. In the Logan River watershed in Northern Utah we found significant amounts of the river water repeatedly gained and then lost through a 35‐km study reach. Further, the direction and amount of water exchanged varied over space, time, and discharge. Streamflow was dominated by discharge of karst conduit groundwater after spring runoff with increasing, yet still small, fractions of matrix water later in the summer. These findings were combined with geologic information, prior subsurface dye tracing, and chemical sampling to provide additional lines of evidence that repeated groundwater exchanges are likely occurring and river flows are highly dependent on karst aquifer recharge and discharge. Given the large population dependent on karst aquifers throughout the world, there is a continued need to develop simple methods, like those presented here, for determining the resiliency of karst groundwater resources.
Telemedicine using an iPad in the spinal cord injury population: a utility and patient satisfaction study
Authors: Sechrist Samantha , Lavoie Sarah , Khong Cria-May , Dirlikov Benjamin , Shem Kazuko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Study design
Prospective observational.

Objectives
To explore participants’ experience, satisfaction, and utility of telemedicine.

Setting
Spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation clinic at a county hospital.

Methods
Participants in this study received telemedicine appointments for routine scheduled care and/or urgent consults with a spinal cord injury specialist via iPad on FaceTime. Demographic changes, health care utilization, and medical complications were assessed. A Program Satisfaction Survey (PSS) was completed after a 6-month enrollment.

Results
Telemedicine visits included general follow-ups (51.25%), “multiple issues” (24.38%), skin (6.88%), bowel and bladder (5.63%), spasms (3.13%), and pain (3.13%). The PSS was collected (n = 45) and revealed positive results in perceived health, satisfaction with equipment/ease of use, and satisfaction with the program. Analysis of anecdotal comments revealed themes such as efficiency, convenience, and reduced barriers provided by telemedicine visits.

Conclusions
This study shows the feasibility and acceptance of a telemedicine intervention via iPad for individuals with SCI through positive PSS ratings and the wide variety of clinical topics addressed.

Sponsorship
Craig H. Neilsen Foundation.
A tutorial on how not to over-interpret STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE bar plots
Authors: Lawson Daniel J. , van Dorp Lucy , Falush Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenetic clustering algorithms, implemented in programs such as STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE, have been used extensively in the characterisation of individuals and populations based on genetic data. A successful example is the reconstruction of the genetic history of African Americans as a product of recent admixture between highly differentiated populations. Histories can also be reconstructed using the same procedure for groups that do not have admixture in their recent history, where recent genetic drift is strong or that deviate in other ways from the underlying inference model. Unfortunately, such histories can be misleading. We have implemented an approach, badMIXTURE, to assess the goodness of fit of the model using the ancestry “palettes” estimated by CHROMOPAINTER and apply it to both simulated data and real case studies. Combining these complementary analyses with additional methods that are designed to test specific hypotheses allows a richer and more robust analysis of recent demographic history.
Fast and powerful genome wide association of dense genetic data with high dimensional imaging phenotypes
Authors: Ganjgahi Habib , Winkler Anderson M. , Glahn David C. , Blangero John , Donohue Brian , Kochunov Peter , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenome wide association (GWA) analysis of brain imaging phenotypes can advance our understanding of the genetic basis of normal and disorder-related variation in the brain. GWA approaches typically use linear mixed effect models to account for non-independence amongst subjects due to factors, such as family relatedness and population structure. The use of these models with high-dimensional imaging phenotypes presents enormous challenges in terms of computational intensity and the need to account multiple testing in both the imaging and genetic domain. Here we present a method that makes mixed models practical with high-dimensional traits by a combination of a transformation applied to the data and model, and the use of a non-iterative variance component estimator. With such speed enhancements permutation tests are feasible, which allows inference on powerful spatial tests like the cluster size statistic.
Charge carrier-selective contacts for nanowire solar cells
Authors: Oener Sebastian Z. , Cavalli Alessandro , Sun Hongyu , Haverkort Jos E. M. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Garnett Erik C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCharge carrier-selective contacts transform a light-absorbing semiconductor into a photovoltaic device. Current record efficiency solar cells nearly all use advanced heterojunction contacts that simultaneously provide carrier selectivity and contact passivation. One remaining challenge with heterojunction contacts is the tradeoff between better carrier selectivity/contact passivation (thicker layers) and better carrier extraction (thinner layers). Here we demonstrate that the nanowire geometry can remove this tradeoff by utilizing a permanent local gate (molybdenum oxide surface layer) to control the carrier selectivity of an adjacent ohmic metal contact. We show an open-circuit voltage increase for single indium phosphide nanowire solar cells by up to 335 mV, ultimately reaching 835 mV, and a reduction in open-circuit voltage spread from 303 to 105 mV after application of the surface gate. Importantly, reference experiments show that the carriers are not extracted via the molybdenum oxide but the ohmic metal contacts at the wire ends.
Non-linear response of summertime marine productivity to increased meltwater discharge around Greenland
Authors: Hopwood M. J. , Carroll D. , Browning T. J. , Meire L. , Mortensen J. , Krisch S. , Achterberg E. P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRunoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is thought to enhance marine productivity by adding bioessential iron and silicic acid to coastal waters. However, experimental data suggest nitrate is the main summertime growth-limiting resource in regions affected by meltwater around Greenland. While meltwater contains low nitrate concentrations, subglacial discharge plumes from marine-terminating glaciers entrain large quantities of nitrate from deep seawater. Here, we characterize the nitrate fluxes that arise from entrainment of seawater within these plumes using a subglacial discharge plume model. The upwelled flux from 12 marine-terminating glaciers is estimated to be >1000% of the total nitrate flux from GrIS discharge. This plume upwelling effect is highly sensitive to the glacier grounding line depth. For a majority of Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers nitrate fluxes will diminish as they retreat. This decline occurs even if discharge volume increases, resulting in a negative impact on nitrate availability and thus summertime marine productivity.
Two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions in layered oxides
Authors: Horio M. , Matt C. E. , Kramer K. , Sutter D. , Cook A. M. , Sassa Y. , Hauser K. , Månsson M. , Plumb N. C. , Shi M. , Lipscombe O. J. , Hayden S. M. , Neupert T. , Chang J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRelativistic massless Dirac fermions can be probed with high-energy physics experiments, but appear also as low-energy quasi-particle excitations in electronic band structures. In condensed matter systems, their massless nature can be protected by crystal symmetries. Classification of such symmetry-protected relativistic band degeneracies has been fruitful, although many of the predicted quasi-particles still await their experimental discovery. Here we reveal, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the existence of two-dimensional type-II Dirac fermions in the high-temperature superconductor La1.77Sr0.23CuO4. The Dirac point, constituting the crossing of $$d_{x^2 - y^2}$$

d

x

2

-

y

2

and $$d_{z^2}$$

d

z

2

bands, is found approximately one electronvolt below the Fermi level (EF) and is protected by mirror symmetry. If spin-orbit coupling is considered, the Dirac point degeneracy is lifted and the bands acquire a topologically non-trivial character. In certain nickelate systems, band structure calculations suggest that the same type-II Dirac fermions can be realised near EF.
A possible candidate for triply degenerate point fermions in trigonal layered PtBi2
Authors: Gao Wenshuai , Zhu Xiangde , Zheng Fawei , Wu Min , Zhang Jinglei , Xi Chuanying , Zhang Ping , Zhang Yuheng , Hao Ning , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriply degenerate point (TP) fermions in tungsten–carbide-type materials (e.g., MoP), which represent new topological states of quantum matter, have generated immense interest recently. However, the TPs in these materials are found to be far below the Fermi level, leading to the TP fermions having less contribution to low-energy quasiparticle excitations. Here, we theoretically predict the existence of TP fermions with TP points close to the Fermi level in trigonal layered PtBi2 by ab initio calculations, and experimentally verify the predicted band topology by magnetotransport measurements under high magnetic fields up to 40 T. Analyses of both the pronounced Shubnikov–de Haas and de Haas–van Alphen oscillations reveal the existence of six principal Fermi pockets. Our experimental results, together with those from ab initio calculations, reveal the interplay between transport behaviors and unique electronic structures, and support the existence of TP fermions in trigonal layered PtBi2.