bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Light‐Emitting Diodes Constructed from Semiconductors and Transparent Conductors that Biodegrade Under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Lu Di , Liu Tzu‐Li , Chang Jan‐Kai , Peng Dongsheng , Zhang Yi , Shin Jiho , Hang Tao , Bai Wubin , Yang Quansan , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransient forms of electronics, systems that disintegrate, dissolve, resorb, or sublime in a controlled manner after a well‐defined operating lifetime, are of interest for applications in hardware secure technologies, temporary biomedical implants, “green” consumer devices and other areas that cannot be addressed with conventional approaches. Broad sets of materials now exist for a range of transient electronic components, including transistors, diodes, antennas, sensors, and even batteries. This work reports the first examples of transient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that can completely dissolve in aqueous solutions to biologically and environmentally benign end products. Thin films of highly textured ZnO and polycrystalline Mo serve as semiconductors for light generation and conductors for transparent electrodes, respectively. The emitted light spans a range of visible wavelengths, where nanomembranes of monocrystalline silicon can serve as transient filters to yield red, green, and blue LEDs. Detailed characterization of the material chemistries and morphologies of the constituent layers, assessments of their performance properties, and studies of their dissolution processes define the underlying aspects. These results establish an electroluminescent light source technology for unique classes of optoelectronic systems that vanish into benign forms when exposed to aqueous conditions in the environment or in living organisms.
A Designer Scaffold with Immune Nanoconverters for Reverting Immunosuppression and Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Phuengkham Hathaichanok , Song Chanyoung , Lim Yong Taik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrent cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) still suffers from low response rate and systemic toxicity. To overcome the limitation, a novel therapeutic platform that can revert nonimmunogenic tumors into immunogenic phenotype is highly required. Herein, a designer scaffold loaded with both immune nanoconverters encapsulated with resiquimod (iNCVs (R848)) and doxorubicin, which provides the polarization of immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumoricidal antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), rather than depleting them, as well as in situ vaccination that can be generated in vivo without the need to previously analyze and sequence tumor antigens to favor neoantigen‐specific T cell responses is suggested. Local and sustained release of iNCVs (R848) and doxorubicin from the designer scaffold not only reduces the frequency of immunosuppressive cells in tumors but also increases systemic antitumor immune response, while minimizing systemic toxicity. Reshaping the tumor microenivronment (TME) using the designer‐scaffold‐induced synergistic antitumor immunity with ICB effects and long‐term central and effector memory T cell responses, results in the prevention of postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis. The spatiotemporal modulation of TMEs through designer scaffolds is expected to be a strategy to overcome the limitations and improve the therapeutic efficacy of current immunotherapies with minimized systemic toxicity.
Fully Integrated Design of a Stretchable Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Chen Xi , Huang Haijian , Pan Long , Liu Tian , Niederberger Markus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA solid‐state lithium‐ion battery, in which all components (current collector, anode and cathode, electrolyte, and packaging) are stretchable, is introduced, giving rise to a battery design with mechanical properties that are compliant with flexible electronic devices and elastic wearable systems. By depositing Ag microflakes as a conductive layer on a stretchable carbon–polymer composite, a current collector with a low sheet resistance of ≈2.7 Ω □−1 at 100% strain is obtained. Stretchable electrodes are fabricated by integrating active materials with the elastic current collector. A polyacrylamide–“water‐in‐salt” electrolyte is developed, offering high ionic conductivity of 10−3 to 10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature and outstanding stretchability up to ≈300% of its original length. Finally, all these components are assembled into a solid‐state lithium‐ion full cell in thin‐film configuration. Thanks to the deformable individual components, the full cell functions when stretched, bent, or even twisted. For example, after stretching the battery to 50%, a reversible capacity of 28 mAh g−1 and an average energy density of 20 Wh kg−1 can still be obtained after 50 cycles at 120 mA g−1, confirming the functionality of the battery under extreme mechanical stress.
Novel Anticorrosion Property of Organic Coating Based on Liquid Metal
Authors: Zhang Yunlei , Li Zhaoxia , Ye Qian , Yu QiangLiang , Pei Xiaowei , Yu Bo , Zhou Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompared with the traditional solid fillers, liquid metal can be easily treated into small particles similar to liquid capsule just by a sonication method. Epoxy‐based coatings containing liquid metal (EGaIn) particles are prepared easily via a straightforward method, and its corrosion performance and mechanical property of the coating are investigated. The results show that a small amount of liquid metal particles can improve the corrosion protection performance of the coatings via enhancing the barrier properties, which is completely different with the bulk liquid metal. It also improves the anticorrosion property of the coating containing zinc particles by increasing the contact area between zinc particles themselves and steel substrate, and inhibiting the corrosion process. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties are improved because particles fill the defects of coating well and dissipate stress concentration with its similarity to capsule.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Himeradine A
Authors: Burtea Alexander , DeForest Jacob , Li Xinting , Rychnovsky Scott D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract(−)‐Himeradine A is a complex lycopodium alkaloid with seven rings and ten stereogenic centers that shows anticancer activity against lymphoma L1210 cells. A total synthesis has been developed that builds off prior work on (+)‐fastigiatine. A 2,4,6‐trisubstitited piperidine ring forms the core of the quinolizidine segment, and was prepared by diastereoselective reduction of a pyridine and classic resolution of an intermediate. The remaining secondary amine was introduced with a catalyst‐controlled Overman rearrangement. The piperidine segment was coupled in a B‐alkyl Suzuki reaction with a bicyclic bromoenone, which was a key intermediate for the synthesis of (+)‐fastigiatine. The final transformation featured a transannular Mannich reaction and cyclization to complete the quinolizidine. Five bonds and four new rings were generated in this one‐pot procedure. (−)‐Himeradine A was prepared in 17 steps in the longest linear sequence.
Triazole‐based ligands functionalized silica: Effects of ligand denticity and donors on catalytic oxidation activity of Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Ampawa Supanan , Krittametaporn Nuttaporn , Ungpittagul Thasanaporn , Phomphrai Khamphee , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch 
Published: September 2019

Triazole‐based ligands, tris (triazolyl)methanol (Htbtm), bis (triazolyl)‐phenylmethanol (Hbtm), and phenyl (pyridin‐2‐yl)(triazolyl)methanol (Hpytm), with differences in ligand denticity (i.e., bidentate and tridentate) and type of N donors (i.e., triazole and pyridine) were functionalized onto a silica support to produce the corresponding SiO2‐L (L = tbtm, btm, pytm). Subsequent reactions with Pd (CH3COO)2 in CH2Cl2 yielded Pd/SiO2‐L. ICP‐MS reveals that Pd loadings are higher with increased N loadings, resulting in the following trend: Pd/SiO2‐tbtm (0.83 mmol Pd g−1) > Pd/SiO2‐btm (0.65 mmol Pd g−1) ~ Pd/SiO2‐pytm (0.63 mmol Pd g−1). Meanwhile, TEM images of the used Pd/SiO2‐L catalysts after the first catalytic cycle show that the mean size of Pd NPs is highest with Pd/SiO2‐pytm (8.5 ± 1.5 nm), followed by Pd/SiO2‐tbtm (6.4 ± 1.6 nm) and Pd/SiO2‐btm (4.8 ± 1.3 nm). Based on TONs, catalytic studies toward aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde at 60 °C in EtOH showed that Pd/SiO2‐pytm possessed the most active surface Pd(0) atoms, most likely as a result of more labile properties of the pyridine–triazole ligand compared to tris‐ and bis (triazolyl) analogs. ICP‐MS and TEM analysis of Pd/SiO2‐btm indicate minimal Pd leaching and similar average Pd NPs sizes after 1st and 5th catalytic runs, respectively, confirming that SiO2‐btm is an efficient Pd NPs stabilizer. The Pd/SiO2‐btm catalyst was also active toward aerobic oxidation of various benzyl alcohol derivatives in EtOH and could be reused for at least 7 reaction cycles without a significant activity loss.
Application of carbon dots in dye‐sensitized solar cells: A review
Authors: Gao Ningxiao , Huang Libing , Li Tianya , Song Jinghui , Hu Hengwei , Liu Yong , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCarbon dots (CDs) are a kind of zero‐dimensional carbon‐based nanoparticles with superb light‐trapping ability, high optical absorption ability, and superior intrinsic catalytic activity. Due to these advantageous properties, they have received enthusiastic attention from researchers in the field of optical devices. The application of carbon dots in dye‐sensitized solar cells has increased with steady steps recently, especially as a substitute for precious Ru‐sensitizers and Pt counter electrodes. In this review, we classified the application of carbon dots in dye‐sensitized solar cells in recent years and explained the mechanisms of improving the performance of carbon dots. The significant impact of surface functionalization of CDs on the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells was discussed. Lastly, some challenges and application prospects of carbon dots in the dye‐sensitized solar cell were proposed, which is meaningful for the further exploration and application of carbon dots as a new energy material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48443.
The diet of harbour and grey seals around Britain: Examining the role of prey as a potential cause of harbour seal declines
Authors: Wilson Lindsay J. , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Harbour seal populations have declined over the last 20 years in some regions around Britain. Causes are unknown but could include a reduction in prey availability which may potentially be influenced by competition with grey seals. The diets of these two marine predators overlap considerably, indicating that there could potentially be competition for prey.
In this study, the diets of harbour and grey seals in 2010/2012 were compared regionally and seasonally in relation to: (a) regional variation in population trends around Britain; (b) previous information on diet; and (c) changes in the stock size of key prey to investigate whether or not patterns could be consistent with reduction in prey availability or competition.
Diet was estimated from comprehensive sampling of scats around Scotland and eastern England. In total, 65,534 otoliths and beaks were recovered from 1976 harbour seal scats and 68,465 otoliths and beaks were recovered from 2205 grey seal scats collected in 2010/2012. Results showed considerable seasonal and regional variability; overall, sandeel and large gadids were the two main prey types.
Patterns in diet and trends in seal population size and prey stock size indicate that harbour seals have declined in regions where they appear to be reliant on sandeel and where sandeel stocks have declined, but not in regions where sandeel have never been an important component of the diet. A possible contributing reason for the harbour seal declines may therefore be a reduction in the availability of sandeel in these regions.
Sandeel continue to be an important (although reduced) prey in the diet of grey seals in regions where harbour seals have declined. If sandeel are a limiting resource, it is possible, therefore, that grey seals may reduce prey availability to harbour seals and contribute to their decline through competition.
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies
Authors: Gordon Jonathan , Blight Clint , Bryant Ed , Thompson Dave 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Some anthropogenic activities pose acute risks for marine species. For example, pile driving could damage the hearing of marine mammals while underwater explosions can also result in physical damage or death. Effective mitigation is required to reduce these risks, but the exclusion zones specified in regulations can extend over hundreds or thousands of metres and seals pose particular problems because they are difficult to detect at sea.
Aversive sound mitigation aims to exclude animals from high‐risk areas before dangerous activities take place by broadcasting specific acoustic signals. Field research is needed to identify signals that might be effective in eliciting short‐term avoidance by marine species such as harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). A series of controlled‐exposure experiments (CEEs) were undertaken to measure seal movements in response to acoustic deterrent devices (ADD) and predator calls, and to assess the effectiveness of candidate signals for aversive sound mitigation.
Seals were fitted with UHF/GPS transmitters providing continuous high‐resolution tracks and real‐time transmissions of their locations. A tracking/playback vessel located seals at sea and transmitted either ADD signals or orca (Orcinus orca) calls over a range of distances while seals were foraging or moving between sites. Behaviour before, during and after exposure was analysed to assess responses.
One‐hundred and ten CEEs were assessed as being of at least ‘adequate’ quality. Of the 71 adequate trials with the Lofitech ADD, all 38 at ranges of <1 km (predicted received level 134.6 dB RMS re 1 μPa) elicited a response. The maximum response range was 3123 m (predicted RL: 111 dB RMS re 1 μPa). However, the responses observed did not always result in substantial movements away from the source, especially for seals that were travelling at the time of the exposures. More work is needed to better understand how exposure risks would be reduced in different scenarios.
The mean net speed of horizontal movements for seals responding to aversive sounds (1.15 m s−1) was only 7% higher than their mean travel speed.
Responses to broadcasts of orca calls were highly variable.
The results suggest that signals similar to those generated by a Lofitech ADD could be used to reduce risks to harbour seals from pile driving and underwater explosions in coastal waters. More work will be needed to develop systems that match the requirements of industry and regulators and to explore whether these results can be generalized to offshore waters and to other phocids.
The importance of Southern Ocean frontal systems for the improvement of body condition in southern elephant seals
Authors: Gordine Samantha A. , Fedak Michael A. , Boehme Lars 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

As top predators, it has been suggested that southern elephant seals serve as sentinels of ecosystem status to inform management and conservation.
This is because southern elephant seals annually undertake two large‐scale foraging migrations for 2–3 and 7–8 months to replenish resources after fasting during breeding and moulting and often rely on dynamic macroscale latitudinal fronts to provide favourable foraging through aggregating prey.
Yet it is largely unknown whether southern elephant seals respond to changes in frontal systems over the years, whether their foraging success is associated with specific frontal systems shifts, and how flexible southern elephant seals populations are in behaviourally adapting to changes in frontal systems.
This study examines the relationship between frontal systems and the resource acquisition of 64 southern elephant seals during four post‐moult and three post‐breeding migrations between 2005 and 2010.
Satellite‐relay‐data‐loggers provided in situ measurements concurrent with >27,500 dive profiles to define fronts and interfrontal zones between the Subtropical Frontal Zone and the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. For >430,000 in situ measurements water mass properties could be identified.
Generally, southern elephant seals associate more frequently with more southerly, higher‐latitude fronts/zones. Body condition improvements related to a given frontal system or water mass vary strongly according to year, season, month and sex.
The variability in body condition improvements is higher in some frontal systems than in others, probably owing to shifts in the Subantarctic and Polar Front.
During a migration, some individuals stay within ≤3 frontal systems, whilst others change between several frontal systems and primarily improve their body condition in upper ocean waters.
Southern elephant seals do not trace particular water masses across frontal systems, and both surface and deep foraging strategies are used.
This suggests that southern elephant seals do not target particular water masses but adjust foraging and movement strategies to exploit boundary areas at which mixing and prey aggregation is high.
The large behavioural plasticity towards the spatio‐temporal variability in the different oceanographic regions they encounter could indicate resilience against environmental changes.
Successive Cationic and Anionic (De)‐Intercalation/ Incorporation into an Ion‐Doped Radical Conducting Polymer
Authors: Chen Heng , Xu Chengyang , Zhang Yadi , Cao Mufan , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe further development of conducting polymers (CPs) as electrode materials is restricted by the limited doping level, solely ionic reaction as well as the insufficient reversibility and stability. In order to overcome the deficiency of intrinsic properties, a combined strategy is adopted to modify a p‐type CP (polythiophene, PTh) through grafting a radical pendant (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl, TEMPO) and incorporating a redox‐active dopant (Fe(CN)63−) into the π‐conjugated backbone of PTh. TEMPO group works as the electron donor allowing anionic incorporation (PF6−, ClO4−) and Fe(CN)63− doping in the conducting matrixes of PTh combines with cations (Li+) to deliver extra capacity, leading to the final composite shows a successive cationic and anionic (de)‐intercalation behavior. This dual‐ion transportation mechanism of Fe(CN)63− doped P(Th‐TEMPO) facilitates the enhanced electrochemical performance, including two significant voltage plateaus (3.6 V and 2.9 V), a reversible capacity from 76 mAh g−1 to 135 mAh g−1 at an ultra‐high coulombic efficiency (more than 99 %), which result in a high energy density.
Phenothiazine–rhodamine‐based colorimetric and fluorogenic ‘turn‐on' sensor for Zn2+ and bioimaging studies in live cells
Authors: Karmegam Muthu Vengaian , Karuppannan Sekar , Christopher Leslee Denzil Britto , Subramanian Singaravadivel , Gandhi Sivaraman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA phenothiazine–rhodamine (PTRH) fluorescent dyad was synthesized and its ability to selectively sense Zn2+ ions in solution and in in vitro cell lines was tested using various techniques. When compared with other competing metal ions, the PTRH probe showed the high selectivity for Zn2+ ions that was supported by electronic and emission spectral analyses. The emission band at 528 nm for the PTRH probe indicated the ring closed form of PTRH, as for Zn2+ ion binding to PTRH, the λem get shift to 608 nm was accompanied by a pale yellow to pink colour (under visible light) and green to pinkish red fluorescence emission (under UV light) due to ring opening of the spirolactam moiety in the PTRH ligand. Spectral overlap of the donor emission band and the absorption band of the ring opened form of the acceptor moiety contributed towards the fluorescence resonance energy transfer ON mechanism for Zn2+ ion detection. The PTRH sensor had the lowest detection limit for Zn2+, found to be 2.89 × 10−8 M. The sensor also demonstrated good sensing application with minimum toxicity for in vitro analyses using HeLa cells.
Simulating dynamically: A longitudinal and practical simulation approach for students
Authors: Gazil Olivier , Gosselin Mathieu , Tanguay‐Rioux Fabrice , Farand Patrice , Tavares Jason R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudents identified a lack of practical applications for the theoretical concepts taught as a key weakness for some classes in our chemical engineering undergraduate program. We have thus implemented a new simulation tool to help overcome these weaknesses: A dynamic process simulator based on a carbon dioxide capture plant. Aspen Simulation Workbook, a recent tool developed by AspenTech©is used in a novel approach to implement a user‐friendly interface based on Microsoft Excel. Exercises incorporating the use of the simulator were developed to cover the main concepts taught in chemical engineering. Longitudinal implementation of the simulator within the curriculum recently began and should be completed over the coming semesters. Student and instructor feedback was collected by means of surveys. Based on the information collected, using the simulator improves comprehension of key concepts taught throughout the curriculum. Feedback analysis also helped identifiy needs for future exercises and avenues for improvement.
Stigma towards psychosis: Cross‐cultural differences in prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in White British and South Asians
Authors: Ahmed Sehar , Birtel Michèle D. , Pyle Melissa , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPublic stigma towards people with mental health problems has been demonstrated in Western societies. Little is known about non‐Western cultures and whether cultures differ in their perceptions of people with mental health problems. Aim of this study was to examine cultural differences in prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination towards people with psychosis. Participants were from White British and South Asian backgrounds (N = 128, aged 16–20 years) recruited from two schools and colleges in the United Kingdom. They completed a cross‐sectional survey on affective, cognitive, and behavioural dimensions of stigma. Results revealed significant cultural differences on all three stigma dimensions. South Asians attributed higher anger (prejudice) and dangerousness (stereotypes) to people with psychosis than White British. They also reported lower willingness to help, greater avoidance, and higher endorsement of segregation (discrimination). The effects of ethnic group on helping intentions, avoidance, and segregation endorsement were mediated by anger and by dangerousness. Understanding cultural differences in stigma towards psychosis will be important for designing stigma interventions as well as treatments for people with different cultural backgrounds.
Oscillation of Work Function during Reducible Metal Oxide Catalysis and Correlation with the Activity Property
Authors: Pan Yanbo , Shen Xiaochen , Holly Michael A. , Yao Libo , Wu Dezhen , Bentalib Abdulaziz , Yang Jinlong , Zeng Jie , Peng Zhenmeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeducing from the fact that RMO catalysis typically involves reversible valence states transformation of active sites, we report one new model that uses RMO work function and its oscillation as descriptors to depict the activity property. Our experiments and DFT simulations of CO oxidation model reaction lead to an inverted volcano correlation between the two descriptors and the activity energy barrier, which shows good consistence with this new model and thus validates its effectiveness. The findings of work function and the oscillation as governing structural parameters provide a plausible theory to understand RMO catalysis and guide the catalyst research.