bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hamilton-Jacobi approach to holographic renormalization of massive gravity
Authors: Chen Fan , Wu Shao-Feng , Peng Yuxuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, a practical approach to holographic renormalization has been developed based on the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. Using a simple Einstein-scalar theory, we clarify that this approach does not conflict with the Hamiltonian constraint as it seems. Then we apply it to the holographic renormalization of massive gravity. We assume that the shift vector is falling off fast enough asymptotically. We derive the counterterms up to the boundary dimensiond= 4. Interestingly, we find that the conformal anomaly can even occur in odd dimensions, which is different from the Einstein gravity. We check that the counterterms cancel the divergent part of the on-shell action at the background level. At the perturbation level, they are also applicable in several time-dependent cases.
Iron status and inherited haemoglobin disorders modify the effects of micronutrient powders on linear growth and morbidity among young Lao children in a double-blind randomised trial
Authors: Hess Sonja Y. , Wessells K. Ryan , Hinnouho Guy-Marino , Barffour Maxwell A. , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Arnold Charles D. , Brown Kenneth H. , Larson Charles P. , Fucharoen Supan , Kounnavong Sengchanh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSome studies found that providing micronutrient powder (MNP) causes adverse health outcomes, but modifying factors are unknown. We aimed to investigate whether Fe status and inherited Hb disorders (IHbD) modify the impact of MNP on growth and diarrhoea among young Lao children. In a double-blind controlled trial, 1704 children of age 6–23 months were randomised to daily MNP (with 6 mg Fe plus fourteen micronutrients) or placebo for about 36 weeks. IHbD, and baseline and final Hb, Fe status and anthropometrics were assessed. Caregivers provided weekly morbidity reports. At enrolment, 55·6 % were anaemic; only 39·3 % had no sign of clinically significant IHbD. MNP had no overall impact on growth and longitudinal diarrhoea prevalence. Baseline Hb modified the effect of MNP on length-for-age (LAZ) (P for interaction = 0·082). Among children who were initially non-anaemic, the final mean LAZ in the MNP group was slightly lower (–1·93 (95 % CI –1·88, –1·97)) v. placebo (–1·88 (95 % CI –1·83, –1·92)), and the opposite occurred among initially anaemic children (final mean LAZ –1·90 (95 % CI –1·86, –1·94) in MNP v. –1·92 (95 % CI –1·88, –1·96) in placebo). IHbD modified the effect on diarrhoea prevalence (P = 0·095). Among children with IHbD, the MNP group had higher diarrhoea prevalence (1·37 (95 % CI 1·17, 1·59) v. 1·21 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·41)), while it was lower among children without IHbD who received MNP (1·15 (95 % CI 0·95, 1·39) v. 1·37 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·64)). In conclusion, there was a small adverse effect of MNP on growth among non-anaemic children and on diarrhoea prevalence among children with IHbD.
Study on the influence of the magnetic field geometry on the power deposition in a helicon plasma source
Authors: Magarotto M. , Melazzi D. , Pavarin D. 
Published: July 2019

We have numerically studied how an actual confinement magnetostatic field affects power deposition in a helicon source. We have solved the wave propagation by means of two electromagnetic solvers, namely: (i) plaSma Padova Inhomogeneous Radial Electromagnetic solver (SPIREs), a mono-dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain code, and (ii) Advanced coDe for Anisotropic Media and ANTennas (ADAMANT), a full-wave three-dimensional tool based on the method of moments. We have computed the deposited power spectrum with SPIREs, power deposition profile with ADAMANT and the antenna impedance with both codes. First we have verified the numerical accuracy of both SPIREs and ADAMNT. Then, we have analysed two configurations of magnetostatic field, namely produced by Maxwell coils, and Helmholtz coils. For each configuration we have studied three cases: (i) low density$n=10^{17}~\text{m}^{-3}$and low magnetic field$B_{0}=250$ G; (ii) medium density$n=10^{18}~\text{m}^{-3}$and medium magnetic field$B_{0}=500$ G; (iii) high density$n=10^{19}~\text{m}^{-3}$and high magnetic field$B_{0}=1000$ G. We have found that the Maxwell coil configuration does not produces significant changes in the deposited power phenomenon with respect to a perfectly uniform and axial magnetostatic field. While the Helmholtz coil configuration can lead to a power spectrum peaked near the axis of the discharge.
Why a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach may be key for future-proofing microbiota-gut-brain research
Authors: Johnstone Nicola , Cohen Kadosh Kathrin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Here we argue that a multidisciplinary research approach, such as currently practised in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, is key to maintaining current momentum and to future-proof the field of microbiome-gut-brain research. Moreover, such a comprehensive approach will also bring us closer to our aims of translation and targeted intervention approaches to improve mental health and well-being.
Increasing reproducibility and interpretability of microbiota-gut-brain studies on human neurocognition and intermediary microbial metabolites
Authors: Aarts Esther , El Aidy Sahar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this commentary, we point to guidelines for performing human neuroimaging studies and their reporting in microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) articles. Moreover, we provide a view on interpretational issues in MGB studies, with a specific focus on gut microbiota–derived metabolites. Thus, extending the target article, we provide recommendations to the field to increase reproducibility and relevance of this type of MGB study.
On the potential distortions of highly cited papers in emerging research fields: A critical appraisal
Authors: Ostinelli Edoardo G. , Gambini Orsola , D'Agostino Armando 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Citation-based metrics are increasingly used as a proxy to define representative, considerable, or significant papers. We challenge this belief by taking into account factors that may play a role in providing citations to a manuscript and whether/how those highly cited studies could shape a scientific field. A different approach to summarisation of relevant core publications within a topic is proposed.
Nourishing the gut microbiota: The potential of prebiotics in microbiota-gut-brain axis research
Authors: Dalile Boushra , Verbeke Kristin , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vervliet Bram 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dietary fiber and prebiotics consistently modulate microbiota composition and function and hence may constitute a powerful tool in microbiota-gut-brain axis research. However, this is largely ignored in Hooks et al.’s analysis, which highlights the limitations of probiotics in establishing microbiome-mediated effects on neurobehavioral functioning and neglects discussing the potential of prebiotics in warranting the microbiota's role in such effects.
Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome
Authors: Wissel Emily F. , Smith Leigh K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.
A call for mapping the development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis during human infancy
Authors: Kelsey Caroline Malory , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We argue for the importance of looking at the microbiota-gut-brain axis from a human developmental perspective. For this purpose, we first briefly highlight emerging research with infants attesting that the microbiome plays a role in early brain and cognitive development. We then discuss the use of developmentally informed humanized mouse models and implications of microbiome research that go beyond probiotic administration.
‘Learning to bring dead capital to life’: the Riksens Ständers Bank and the credit market in seventeenth-century Sweden
Authors: Pihl Christopher 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuccessful mortgage lending is often said to require a system of registration, which records the ownership of, and any encumbrances on, a particular piece of real estate. Here we analyse how Sweden's Riksens Ständers Bank handled the uncertainties of the mortgage lending market c. 1680–1700, when there was no coherent system of property registration. The bank tried to make registration compulsory, but when influential groups opposed this move, the bank had to modify its lending practices. The study thus sheds light on the somewhat fraught initial stages of the shifts in the credit system, which from the latter half of the seventeenth century onwards, saw personal trust replaced by system trust, and private credit replaced by institutional credit.
Designing a virtual patient dialogue system based on terminology-rich resources: Challenges and evaluation
Authors: Campillos-Llanos Leonardo , Thomas Catherine , Bilinski Éric , Zweigenbaum Pierre , Rosset Sophie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVirtual patient software allows health professionals to practise their skills by interacting with tools simulating clinical scenarios. A natural language dialogue system can provide natural interaction for medical history-taking. However, the large number of concepts and terms in the medical domain makes the creation of such a system a demanding task. We designed a dialogue system that stands out from current research by its ability to handle a wide variety of medical specialties and clinical cases. To address the task, we designed a patient record model, a knowledge model for the task and a termino-ontological model that hosts structured thesauri with linguistic, terminological and ontological knowledge. We used a frame- and rule-based approach and terminology-rich resources to handle the medical dialogue. This work focuses on the termino-ontological model, the challenges involved and how the system manages resources for the French language. We adopted a comprehensive approach to collect terms and ontological knowledge, and dictionaries of affixes, synonyms and derivational variants. Resources include domain lists containing over 161,000 terms, and dictionaries with over 959,000 word/concept entries. We assessed our approach by having 71 participants (39 medical doctors and 32 non-medical evaluators) interact with the system and use 35 cases from 18 specialities. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of all components by analysing interaction logs (11,834 turns). Natural language understanding achieved an F-measure of 95.8%. Dialogue management provided on average 74.3 (±9.5)% of correct answers. We performed a qualitative evaluation by collecting 171 five-point Likert scale questionnaires. All evaluated aspects obtained mean scores above the Likert mid-scale point. We analysed the vocabulary coverage with regard to unseen cases: the system covered 97.8% of their terms. Evaluations showed that the system achieved high vocabulary coverage on unseen cases and was assessed as relevant for the task.
Changes in socio-economic patterns of energy consumption and insufficient energy intake across India from 1993–94 to 2011–12
Authors: Perkins Jessica M , Chakrabarti Suman , Joe William , Lee Hwa-Young , Heo Jongho , Lee Jong-Koo , Oh Juhwan , Subramanian SV 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To assess whether disparities in energy consumption and insufficient energy intake in India have changed over time across socio-economic status (SES).Design:This cross-sectional, population-based survey study examines the relationship between several SES indicators (i.e. wealth, education, caste, occupation) and energy consumption in India at two time points almost 20 years apart. Household food intake in the last 30 d was assessed in 1993–94 and in 2011–12. Average dietary energy intake per person in the household (e.g. kilocalories) and whether the household consumed less than 80 % of the recommended energy intake (i.e. insufficient energy intake) were calculated. Linear and relative risk regression models were used to estimate the relationship between SES and average energy consumed per day per person and the relative risk of consuming an insufficient amount of energy.Setting:Rural and urban areas across India.Participants:A nationally representative sample of households.Results:Among rural households, there was a positive association between SES and energy intake across all four SES indicators during both survey years. Similar results were seen for energy insufficiency vis-à-vis recommended energy intake levels. Among urban households, wealth was associated with energy intake and insufficiency at both time points, but there was no educational patterning of energy insufficiency in 2011–12.Conclusions:Results suggest little overall change in the SES patterning of energy consumption and percentage of households with insufficient energy intake from 1993–94 to 2011–12 in India. Policies in India need to improve energy intake among low-SES households, particularly in rural areas.
Wetland Connectivity Thresholds and Flow Dynamics From Stage Measurements
Authors: McLaughlin Daniel L. , Diamond Jacob S. , Quintero Carlos , Heffernan James , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDepressional wetlands are dominant features in many low‐gradient landscapes, where they provide water storage and exchange. Typical basin morphology enables water storage during drier periods, when surface flow paths are disconnected and exchange is limited to slower groundwater flow paths. Under wetter conditions, wetland stage can exceed surface connection thresholds, activating surface flow paths to downstream waters. Empirical methods are needed to quantify these dynamics and thus to assess their role in landscape hydrology and associated functions. We developed a new water budget‐based approach to enumerate connectivity thresholds and flows from stage measurements. We propose that this approach, termed Connectivity and Flow from Stage (CFS), has broad applicability across wetlandscapes. We applied the CFS method in the Big Cypress National Preserve, where we hypothesized that surface connectivity episodes control water and solute flux, with consequences for exported carbonate weathering products and thus for karst landform evolution. Across five study wetlands, this analysis detected surface connectivity thresholds and assessed temporal flow dynamics. Imputed connectivity thresholds were clear from stage‐dependent net flow dynamics and aligned well with LiDAR‐derived thresholds. Water export occurred overwhelmingly when stage exceeded these thresholds, indicating that water and solute export from these wetlands is dominated by periods of enhanced landscape connectivity. Notably, the presented CFS method can quantify wetland connectivity thresholds from stage data, even without supporting geomorphic information. This approach is useful for understanding hydrologic controls on biogeomorphic evolution in this particular karst landscape, and more broadly for inferring wetland connectivity patterns and magnitudes in other wetlandscape settings.
Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California
Authors: Williams A. Park , Abatzoglou John T. , Gershunov Alexander , Guzman‐Morales Janin , Bishop Daniel A. , Balch Jennifer K. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent fire seasons have fueled intense speculation regarding the effect of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire in western North America and especially in California. During 1972–2018, California experienced a fivefold increase in annual burned area, mainly due to more than an eightfold increase in summer forest‐fire extent. Increased summer forest‐fire area very likely occurred due to increased atmospheric aridity caused by warming. Since the early 1970s, warm‐season days warmed by approximately 1.4 °C as part of a centennial warming trend, significantly increasing the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These trends are consistent with anthropogenic trends simulated by climate models. The response of summer forest‐fire area to VPD is exponential, meaning that warming has grown increasingly impactful. Robust interannual relationships between VPD and summer forest‐fire area strongly suggest that nearly all of the increase in summer forest‐fire area during 1972–2018 was driven by increased VPD. Climate change effects on summer wildfire were less evident in nonforested lands. In fall, wind events and delayed onset of winter precipitation are the dominant promoters of wildfire. While these variables did not change much over the past century, background warming and consequent fuel drying is increasingly enhancing the potential for large fall wildfires. Among the many processes important to California's diverse fire regimes, warming‐driven fuel drying is the clearest link between anthropogenic climate change and increased California wildfire activity to date.
Atmospheric Methane Emissions Correlate With Natural Gas Consumption From Residential and Commercial Sectors in Los Angeles
Authors: He Liyin , Zeng Zhao‐Cheng , Pongetti Thomas J. , Wong Clare , Liang Jianming , Gurney Kevin R. , Newman Sally , Yadav Vineet , Verhulst Kristal , Miller Charles E. , Duren Riley , Frankenberg Christian , Wennberg Paul O. , Shia Run‐Lie , Yung Yuk L. , Sander Stanley P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLegislation in the State of California mandates reductions in emissions of short‐lived climate pollutants of 40% from 2013 levels by 2030 for CH4. Identification of the sector(s) responsible for these emissions and their temporal and spatial variability is a key step in achieving these goals. Here, we determine the emissions of CH4 in Los Angeles from 2011–2017 using a mountaintop remote sensing mapping spectrometer. We show that the pattern of CH4 emissions contains both seasonal and nonseasonal contributions. We find that the seasonal component peaks in the winter and is correlated (R2 = 0.58) with utility natural gas consumption from the residential and commercial sectors and not from the industrial and gas‐fired power plant sectors. The nonseasonal component is (22.9 ± 1.4) Gg CH4/month. If the seasonal correlation is causal, about (1.4 ± 0.1)% of the commercial and residential natural gas consumption in Los Angeles is released into the atmosphere.
How Does the Unique Space‐Time Sampling of the SWOT Mission Influence River Discharge Series Characteristics?
Authors: Nickles Cassandra , Beighley Edward , Zhao Yuanhao , Durand Michael , David Cedric , Lee Hyongki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will, for the first time, provide simultaneous, high‐resolution measurements of water surface elevation and extent. Here we explore the applicability of SWOT's unique sampling to capture discharge frequency behavior throughout the Mississippi River Basin. Our findings suggest the mission may capture key variability in river discharge series. SWOT orbit specifications, US Geological Survey (USGS) discharge measurements, and potential uncertainty estimates are used to generate SWOT‐like river discharges. Frequency distributions and specific quantiles derived from synthetic SWOT discharge series are compared to those derived from daily USGS discharge series. Based on the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, SWOT temporal sampling has essentially no impact on derived frequency distributions. When including potential uncertainty, 78% of derived distributions are statistically identical. The combined effects of temporal sampling and discharge uncertainty mitigates the negative bias used for SWOT discharge uncertainty at larger discharge quantiles (i.e., ≥75% quantiles).
Modeling Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arcs at Geomagnetic Conjugate Points: Implications for Hemispheric Asymmetries in Heat Fluxes
Authors: Mendillo Michael , Wroten Joei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStable auroral red (SAR) arcs provide opportunities to study inner magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling at midlatitudes. An imaging system at a single‐site obtains evidence of seasonal variations in SAR arc brightness and occurrence rates using events widely separated in time, as observed during different geomagnetic storms. The first SAR arc observed using two all‐sky imagers at geomagnetic conjugate points described seasonal effects at the same time for the same storm (Martinis, Mendillo, et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026018). Here we report on modeling studies that enable specification of the roles of local “receptor conditions” in each hemisphere, plus the division of driving energy from a single source region into conjugate ionospheres. The geomagnetic storm of 1 June 2013 produced SAR arcs observed by conjugate all‐sky imagers yielding 73 Rayleighs (R) at Millstone Hill (L = 2.64) in the summer hemisphere, and 300 R during local winter at Rothera (L = 2.92). With incoherent scatter radar data not available to specify input conditions, we offer a new simulation approach using non‐incoherent scatter radar observations to specify local receptor conditions. These include a combination of semiempirical models (International Reference Ionosphere and MSIS) calibrated by local ionosonde and DMSP satellite data. We find that the driving mechanism (heat conduction entering the ionosphere) is not an equal partition of energy from the ring current source region, but one that is weaker in the summer hemisphere where the local receptor conditions are poised to produce fainter SAR arcs. The relationship between SAR arcs and recently discovered STEVE events are discussed and require further study.
Decelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Driven by Positive Summer North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Ruan Ruomei , Chen Xianyao , Zhao Jinping , Perrie William , Mottram Ruth , Zhang Minghong , Diao Yina , Du Ling , Wu Lixin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe abrupt deceleration of accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melting since 2013, after a period of acceleration previously noted, is studied here. It is shown that the deceleration of GrIS melting since 2013 is due to the reduction in short‐wave solar radiation in the presence of increasing total cloud cover, which is driven by a more persistent positive summer North Atlantic Oscillation on the decadal time scale. By presenting the coherence with the temperature variability at the weather stations in Greenland, which have century‐long records, we deduce that the acceleration of GrIS melting during the early 2000s and the subsequent deceleration since 2013 will reoccur frequently on decadal time scales, with the amplitude nearly half of the multidecadal warming trend of the GrIS melt. It can reduce the mass loss from the GrIS on short to medium time scales but is unlikely to halt mass loss related to climate change in the future. This finding highlights the importance of internal climate variability on the mass budget of the GrIS and therefore on predictions of future global sea level change and may help to assist planning for associated social and economic consequences.