bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific formation of the antimicrobial volatile schleiferon
Authors: Kai Marco , Effmert Uta , Lemfack Marie Chantal , Piechulla Birgit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicroorganisms release a plethora of volatile secondary metabolites. Up to now, it has been widely accepted that these volatile organic compounds are produced and emitted as a final product by a single organism e.g. a bacterial cell. We questioned this commonly assumed perspective and hypothesized that in diversely colonized microbial communities, bacterial cells can passively interact by emitting precursors which non-enzymatically react to form the active final compound. This hypothesis was inspired by the discovery of the bacterial metabolite schleiferon A. This bactericidal volatile compound is formed by a non-enzymatic reaction between acetoin and 2-phenylethylamine. Both precursors are released by Staphylococcus schleiferi cells. In order to provide evidence for our hypothesis that these precursors could also be released by bacterial cells of different species, we simultaneously but separately cultivated Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 and Staphylococcus delphini 20771 which held responsible for only one precursor necessary for schleiferon A formation, respectively. By mixing their headspace, we demonstrated that these two species were able to deliver the active principle schleiferon A. Such a joint formation of a volatile secondary metabolite by different bacterial species has not been described yet. This highlights a new aspect of interpreting multispecies interactions in microbial communities as not only direct interactions between species might determine and influence the dynamics of the community. Events outside the cell could lead to the appearance of new compounds which could possess new community shaping properties.
A 5′-BODIPY End-label for Monitoring DNA Duplex-Quadruplex Exchange
Authors: Deore Prashant S. , Soldatov Dmitriy V. , Manderville Richard A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFluorescent probes that can distinguish different DNA topologies through changes in optical readout are sought after for DNA-based diagnostics. In this work, the 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) chromophore attached to cyanophenyl substituents (BODIPY-CN) has been tethered to the 5′-end of the 15-mer thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) that contains the guanine (G) nucleobase. TBA folds into a unimolecular antiparallel G-quadruplex (GQ) upon binding thrombin and certain metal ions. The 5′-BODIPY-CN-TBA sample possesses a Stokes shift of ~40 nm with wavelengths of excitation/emission at 550/590 nm and exhibits a 2-fold increase in emission intensity compared to the free BODIPY-CN in aqueous buffer that possesses a brightness (εΦfl) of ~16,956 M−1. cm−1. However, when 5′-BODIPY-CN-TBA is base-paired to a complementary strand in the B-form duplex, the emission of the BODIPY-CN end-label increases 7-fold, 14-fold compared to the free-dye. This signal-on response enables the BODIPY-CN end-label to serve as a quencher-free fluorescent probe for monitoring duplex-GQ exchange. The visible end-label minimally perturbs GQ stability and thrombin binding affinity, and the modified TBA can act as a combinatorial logic circuit having INHIBIT logic functions. These attributes make BODIPY-CN a highly useful end-label for creating nanomolecular devices derived from G-rich oligonucleotides.
On the Hydrogen Bond Strength and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Liquid Water
Authors: Ojha Deepak , Karhan Kristof , Kühne Thomas D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present work, we introduce two new metrics i.e. hydrogen-bond strength and charge-transfer between the donor/acceptor water molecules as a measure of hydrogen-bond rearrangement dynamics. Further, we also employ a simple model based on energy flux through the donor-acceptor water pairs to quantify the extent of the local hydrogen-bond network reorganization. Most importantly, we report a linear relationship between the OH stretch frequency and the charge and energy transfer through donor-acceptor water pairs. We demonstrate that the vibrational frequency fluctuations, which are used to determine third-order non-linear spectroscopic observables like the short-time slope of three pulse photon echo, can be used as an analog of the fluctuations in the hydrogen-bond strength and charge-transfer. The timescales obtained from our hydrogen-bond strength correlation and charge-transfer correlation decay are in excellent agreement with the computed frequency-time correlation function, as well as with recent vibrational echo experiments.
Roles of oxides of nitrogen on quality enhancement of soybean sprout during hydroponic production using plasma discharged water recycling technology
Authors: Lee Eun-Jung , Khan Muhammad Saiful Islam , Shim Jaewon , Kim Yun-Ji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was performed to assess the effect of plasma-discharged water recycling technology as irrigation water on soybean sprout production. Two different types of irrigation water were used individually for cultivation, including plasma discharged water as a source of oxides of nitrogen and tap water, irrigation water was recycled for every 30 minutes. Plasma discharged irrigation water reduced overall 4.3 log CFU/ml aerobic microbe and 7.0 log CFU/ml of artificially inoculated S. Typhimurium within 5 minutes and 2 minutes, respectively, therefore sprout production occurs in a hygienic environment. Using of plasma-discharged water for cultivation, increases the amount of ascorbate, asparagine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly (p < 0.05), in the part of cotyledon and hypocotyl of soybean sprout during 1 to 4 days of farming. A NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy-3-oxide (cPTIO), was added in irrigation water to elucidate the roles of the oxides of nitrogen such as NO3−, NO2− generated in plasma discharged water. It was observed that all three nutrients decreased in the cotyledon part, whereas ascorbate and GABA contents increased in the hypocotyl and radicle part of bean sprout for the same duration of farming. The addition of NO scavenger in the irrigation water also reduced growth and overall yield of the soybean sprouts. A recycling water system with plasma-discharged water helped to reduce the amount of water consumption and allowed soybean sprouts growth in a hygienic environment during the hydroponic production.
Ceres’ opposition effect observed by the Dawn framing camera
Authors: Schröder Stefan E. , Li Jian-Yang , Rayman Marc D. , Joy Steven P. , Polanskey Carol A. , Carsenty Uri , Castillo-Rogez Julie C. , Ciarniello Mauro , Jaumann Ralf , Longobardo Andrea , McFadden Lucy A. , Mottola Stefano , Sykes Mark , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: November 2018

Context. The surface reflectance of planetary regoliths may increase dramatically towards zero phase angle, a phenomenon known as the opposition effect (OE). Two physical processes that are thought to be the dominant contributors to the brightness surge are shadow hiding (SH) and coherent backscatter (CB). The occurrence of shadow hiding in planetary regoliths is self-evident, but it has proved difficult to unambiguously demonstrate CB from remote sensing observations. One prediction of CB theory is the wavelength dependence of the OE angular width.
Aims. The Dawn spacecraft observed the OE on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres. We aim to characterize the OE over the resolved surface, including the bright Cerealia Facula, and to find evidence for SH and/or CB. It is presently not clear if the latter can contribute substantially to the OE for surfaces as dark as that of Ceres.
Methods. We analyze images of the Dawn framing camera by means of photometric modeling of the phase curve.
Results. We find that the OE of most of the investigated surface has very similar characteristics, with an enhancement factor of 1.4 and a full width at half maximum of 3° (“broad OE”). A notable exception are the fresh ejecta of the Azacca crater, which display a very narrow brightness enhancement that is restricted to phase angles <0.5° (“narrow OE”); suggestively, this is in the range in which CB is thought to dominate. We do not find a wavelength dependence for the width of the broad OE, and lack the data to investigate the dependence for the narrow OE. The prediction of a wavelength-dependent CB width is rather ambiguous, and we suggest that dedicated modeling of the Dawn observations with a physically based theory is necessary to better understand the Ceres OE. The zero-phase observations allow us to determine Ceres’ visible geometric albedo as pV = 0.094 ± 0.005. A comparison with other asteroids suggests that Ceres’ broad OE is typical for an asteroid of its spectral type, with characteristics that are primarily linked to surface albedo.
Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that CB may occur on the dark surface of Ceres in a highly localized fashion. While the results are inconclusive, they provide a piece to the puzzle that is the OE of planetary surfaces.
Prevalence of Persistent Pain after Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Impact of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Naito Yohei , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to define the prevalence of pain persisting after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and determine the impact of neuropathic pain. Knee pain after TKA was evaluated in 154 patients (222 knees with osteoarthritis) using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and followed up for a mean of 4.7 years. The patients were classified according to whether they had no or mild pain (NRS ≤ 3), or moderate-to-severe pain (NRS > 3), and then assigned to groups with nociceptive, unclear, or neuropathic pain based on responses to painDETECT questionnaires. Risk factors for these types of pain were determined. The ratio of patients with moderate-to-severe pain was 28% (62 knees). Thirteen patients (21 knees; 9%) experienced unclear pain. Patients with moderate-to-severe or unclear pain had malalignment and lower Knee Society knee scores. In conclusion, a significant number of patients experienced moderate-to-severe and unclear pain after TKA. Moderate-to-severe pain was associated with unclear pain.
Multiple prebiotic metals mediate translation
Authors: Bray Marcus S. , Lenz Timothy K. , Haynes Jay William , Bowman Jessica C. , Petrov Anton S. , Reddi Amit R. , Hud Nicholas V. , Williams Loren Dean , Glass Jennifer B. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceRibosomes are found in every living organism, where they are responsible for the translation of messenger RNA into protein. The ribosome’s centrality to cell function is underscored by its evolutionary conservation; the core structure has changed little since its inception ∼4 billion years ago when ecosystems were anoxic and metal-rich. The ribosome is a model system for the study of bioinorganic chemistry, owing to the many highly coordinated divalent metal cations that are essential to its function. We studied the structure, function, and cation content of the ribosome under early Earth conditions (low O2, high Fe2+, and high Mn2+). Our results expand the roles of Fe2+and Mn2+in ancient and extant biochemistry as cofactors for ribosomal structure and function.
Chromatin modifiers Mdm2 and RNF2 prevent RNA:DNA hybrids that impair DNA replication
Authors: Klusmann Ina , Wohlberedt Kai , Magerhans Anna , Teloni Federico , Korbel Jan O. , Altmeyer Matthias , Dobbelstein Matthias 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Accurate DNA replication is a prerequisite for cell proliferation and genetic stability, but obstacles to smooth replication fork progression are frequent. The oncogenic activity of Mdm2 has been largely ascribed to its ability of antagonizing the tumor suppressor p53. This report, however, points out a p53-independent activity of Mdm2 in suppressing R loops, a structure that includes DNA:RNA hybrids and has recently emerged as a key obstacle to DNA replication. Accordingly, Mdm2 is required for sustaining DNA replication. Our results also reveal that Mdm2 and the polycomb repressor complexes act in parallel to not only modify histones but also support DNA replication. Thus, chromatin modifiers that were traditionally implicated in transcription regulation are enabling unperturbed DNA replication as well.
Flavonols control pollen tube growth and integrity by regulating ROS homeostasis during high-temperature stress
Authors: Muhlemann Joëlle K. , Younts Trenton L. B. , Muday Gloria K. 
Published: November 2018

SignificancePlant sexual reproduction is required for seed and fruit production and is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures, suggesting that climate change may have profound agricultural impacts through inhibition of this process. During reproduction, pollen tubes must navigate long distances through floral tissues to fertilize ovules. We demonstrate that high-temperature stress increases levels of reactive oxygen species in pollen tubes, which inhibits pollen tube growth. We report that specialized metabolites of the flavonol class prevent reactive oxygen species from reaching inhibitory levels at normal and increased temperatures, thereby promoting pollen viability and pollen tube growth. These results indicate that flavonols enhance reproduction, particularly during heat stress, and could confer protection to plants against the negative effects of climate change.
Introduction
Authors: Uth Melanie , García García Marco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Despite numerous theoretical approaches and empirical analyses, it is not entirely clear how different focus types and constructions are realized and interpreted in individual Romance languages. Due to the complexity of this linguistic area, an interdisciplinary and cross-linguistic approach seems most appropriate for exploring the topic further. This introductory article gives an overview of the core problems related to focus realization in Romance, such as methodological incongruences, differences regarding the conceptualization of focus categories, and nonobservance of diatopic variation. Moreover, it gives an outline of the present volume and situates the contributions with respect to the aforementioned issues.
Prosodic nuclear patterns in narrow and broad focus utterances
Authors: Martín-Butragueño Pedro , Vázquez Érika Mendoza 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The main goal of this chapter is to discuss some of the nuclear pitch accents in the domain of broad and narrow foci in Central Mexican Spanish (CMS). Starting with a reconsideration of previous descriptions, the aim is to offer a unified vision of some of the main findings. It is hypothesized that focus marking is a phenomenon of variable and not categorical nature. Moreover, it is shown that focus marking competes with other pragmatic goals also using prosody as a relevant cue; and that focus marking is differentiated according to certain social, identity-related and stylistic factors. In this regard, we illustrate the variation of focus marking in different datasets, as well as the role of the expressive and the communicative functions of the foci. Intonational, pragmatic and sociolinguistic factor groups have been examined via up & down logistic regression models. Moreover, we show that the different tendencies of the observed intonational structures correlate with three speech styles and with some aspects of social stratification in CMS. Finally, the discussion presents a preliminary constraint model on focus domain marking in CMS that synthesizes some of the generalizations derived from the data.
Developing strategies for encoding additive and contrastive relations in French and German child narratives
Authors: Dimroth Christine , Benazzo Sandra 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Speakers of French and German differ in their preferred choice of information components for establishing contrastive and additive discourse relations. Whereas French speakers tend to relate and compare discourse entities to each other across utterances, German speakers prefer to relate and compare assertions. The current study explores at which age French and German children (ages 4, 7, and 10) acquire the preferred discourse organizational principles of their respective languages. In order to disentangle typical properties of children’s discourse at a certain age from features reflecting the acquisition of language-specific preferences, the same set of elicited production data is compared across languages and age groups. Results show that despite common developmental trends, the principles underlying additive and contrastive discourse relations in German are acquired earlier than those in French. Whereas the relatively uniform German pattern can be seen as a continuation of earlier stages of acquisition, the French pattern is slightly more complex: There is more variation in the input and the prototypical integration of the relevant devices requires certain morpho-syntactic structures to be mastered first. From age 7 onward, child learners of both languages hone in on their target language’s preferred discourse structure.
Focus, prosody, and subject positions in L3 Spanish
Authors: Gabriel Christoph , Grünke Jonas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates the acquisition of focus-induced word order variation by German learners of L3 Spanish, thereby comparing monolingual learners and multilinguals who speak Italian or European Portuguese (EP) as a heritage language in addition to their dominant language. Special attention is given to the position of focused subjects ([F S]) in non-complex declaratives. In accordance with Rothman’s (2010, 2011) Typological Primacy Model (TPM), we hypothesize that the multilingual learners behave more target-like than the monolinguals given that Italian and EP are typologically closer to Spanish than German and pattern with the target language with respect to the post-verbal position of [F S] in sentences lacking an overt object determiner phrase (DP). Based on elicited production data and a grammaticality judgment task, it is shown that the multilingual learners have only a slight advantage over the monolinguals, depending on their metalinguistic knowledge. This suggests that the predictions made by the TPM do not necessarily hold for the special case of foreign language learning by heritage speakers.
The rise of heritage and religious tourism to sacred sites in Oman.
Authors: Kessler K. , Raj R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter first discusses the close connection of heritage and religious tourism in the Sultanate of Oman with particular emphasis on historical and religious accounts. It then presents key religious sites, which, if promoted and developed appropriately, could increase the heritage tourism potential of Oman following the main objectives of the Ministry of Tourism's strategy.
Spiritual tourism in sufism in south Asia.
Authors: Hasnu S. A. F. , Saad Aslam Saad Aslam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter identifies the importance of pilgrimage in Sufism and describes spiritual tourism and its different types in Islam, namely, Hajj/Umrah, Rihla and ziyara. Visiting graves of spiritual, pious individuals for spiritual development is ziyara. One such grave site in Peshawar, Pakistan, is described.
Religious tourism: the beginning of a new era with special reference to India.
Authors: Rumki Bandyopadhyay Rumki Bandyopadhyay , Kushagra Rajendra Kushagra Rajendra 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the growth and development of religious tourism, with a focus on India. A focus on the potential in India for religious tourism highlights a diversity of religions and religious practices that are geographically and culturally disparate, and a society that exhibits many differentiations. The chapter discusses policy frameworks, infrastructure development, and tourist satisfaction, among other potential emerging needs.
Pilgrimage and historical tourism on West Java: learning about history.
Authors: Hellman J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides a broad introduction to pilgrimage on Java. The aim is to familiarize the reader with Javanese traditions of learning about self and society through travel. To illustrate this, the ethnographic focus is on a group of pilgrims who visit the sacred site of a local ancestor to learn more about themselves and the ancient Sundanese kingdom of Pajajaran.
To own the sacred, to control the people: a case study of the MahāBodhi Temple Complex in Bodhgayā, India.
Authors: Joshi N. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter uses the Mahābodhi Temple complex, which is both a Buddhist and Hindu pilgrimage site, as an example to illustrate the inextricable interrelatedness between a sacred place and identity politics. It also highlights how the religious attention and gaze on historic structures and events of a particular cultural group often limits understanding of a place as a shared resource. The Mahābodhi Temple is an example of the (re)construction of a sacred space, which rapidly became transformed from a shared multivalent site into a fiercely contested sacred site with a significant support from the Orientalist construct of Buddhism.
Genetically modified foods in the light of food regimes.
Authors: Brankov T. , Lovre K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter describes how transgenic technology issues can be understood in the light of food regime concepts and lead to different experience with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in different countries. It discusses GMO neoregulation in the USA, the European Union (with particular reference to Spain), Brazil, Russia, China, India, South Africa and Serbia within a broader context, as an integral part of general agricultural policy. It provides a brief description of these countries' agricultural performances, agricultural supports and trade relations.
Food security and GMOs.
Authors: Brankov T. , Lovre K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines food security at the global and regional levels and assesses the effects of the cultivation of GMOs (transgenic crops) on world hunger. It is revealed that the gap in agricultural productivity between the rich and the poor has deepened in the last 20 years. Without reducing this gap it is not possible to solve global hunger. It is argued that unlike the Green Revolution that was designed to help small farmers in developing countries but was also suitable for large-scale farms, the Gene Revolution led by multinational companies will never reach small farmers.
Is GMO farming an eco-friendly choice?
Authors: Brankov T. , Lovre K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses whether transgenic technology is an environmentally friendly technology. It analyses pesticide and fertilizer usage and efficiency over a period spanning 5 decades, with a clear distinction between before and after the adoption of transgenic technology. In addition, a comparison of pesticide consumption trends between genetically modified crop producing and nonproducing countries is made.