bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of US early childhood caries programs: findings and recommendations
Authors: Rubin Marcie S. , Nunez Natali , Quick Jessica D. , Edelstein Burton L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and characterize US early childhood caries (ECC) programs.MethodsA 39 question online survey was fielded to 245 ECC programs identified from the literature and peer programs. The 101 respondents (41 percent response rate) reported their program's geographic reach, type, areas of focus, target populations, approaches, affiliations, providers, goals, costs, and funding.ResultsHalf of the programs affiliate with formal early childhood social service or nutrition programs. Almost all characterize their work as risk reduction, disease suppression, or arrest. In descending order, programs describe their approaches as educating parents, addressing family‐level health behaviors, utilizing pharmacological approaches with fluoride varnish or silver nitrate, delivering education to health professionals, and conducting research. A majority of programs target urban, poor, and low‐income populations. Although little more than a third of programs utilize a logic model, most collect evaluation data and believe their program to be “very” or “somewhat” replicable. Programs tend to depend on multiple funding sources and be largely reliant on grants with foundations as the leading source of support followed by federal grants, state/local grants, and governmental programs such as Head Start.ConclusionsPrograms demonstrate attempts at ECC prevention and management through holistic approaches predicated on behavioral theory, cariology science, and public health principles. Partnerships created by these programs provide unique opportunities to promote oral health. Various strategies could potentially leverage systemic changes in the delivery of dental care for young children.
Associations of Patient Experience in Primary Care With Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits on Isolated Islands: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaneko Makoto , Aoki Takuya , Mori Hideki , Ohta Ryuichi , Matsuzawa Hiroki , Shimabukuro Akira , Motomura Kazuhisa , Inoue Machiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeIn rural areas, the management of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits is an important issue, and it is compounded by factors such as the long distance to secondary care facilities, funding difficulties in many rural medical institutions, and shortage of medical staff. While better patient experience (PX) has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and ED visits, previous studies have not considered the differences between urban and rural areas. In addressing this gap, this study examines the association between PX and hospitalizations/ED visits on isolated islands.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on 5 isolated islands in Okinawa, Japan. We assessed the PX of primary care using the Japanese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (JPCAT), which comprises 6 domains: first contact, longitudinality, coordination, comprehensiveness (services available), comprehensiveness (services provided), and community orientation. The primary outcome was hospitalizations and ED visits in a year. We used a mixed effect model to adjust clustering within islands and individual covariates.FindingsOf 1,258 residents, 740 responded to a questionnaire for PX measurement. There were 73 hospitalizations and 62 ED visits. Adjusting for confounding and geographical clustering, hospitalizations had significant positive association with the PX score of each patient. ED visits were not associated with the total score of the JPCAT.ConclusionOn the isolated islands, PX in primary care had positive correlation with hospitalizations. The contrast of our findings to those of previous studies may be due to the close patient‐doctor relationship on isolated islands.
Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback
Authors: Mertelmeyer Linda , Jacobi James D. , Mueller‐Dombois Dieter , Brinck Kevin , Boehmer Hans Juergen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuestions(a) Have Metrosideros polymorpha trees become re‐established in Hawaiian forests previously impacted by canopy dieback in the 1970s? (b) Has canopy dieback expanded since the 1970s? (c) Can spatial patterns from this dieback be correlated with habitat factors to model future dieback in this area?Study SiteAn 83,603 ha study area on the eastern slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii, USA.MethodsWe analyzed very‐high‐resolution imagery to assess status of Metrosideros polymorpha forests across the eastern side of the island of Hawaii. We generated 1,170 virtual vegetation plots with a 100‐m radius; 541 plots in areas mapped in 1977 with trees dead or mostly defoliated (dieback), and 629 plots in adjacent wet forest habitat, previously mapped as non‐dieback condition. In each plot we estimated the frequency of M. polymorpha trees that were dead or mostly defoliated, and the frequency of trees with healthy crowns. These results were combined with habitat data to produce a spatial model depicting probability of canopy dieback within the study area.ResultsSeventy‐nine percent of plots mapped in 1977 in dieback condition recovered their canopy and were now considered in non‐dieback condition. Ninety‐one percent of plots in previous non‐dieback areas were found to still have a healthy M. polymorpha canopy in 2015. A spatial model allowed us to identify areas within the study area with high, medium, and low probability of experiencing this same type of canopy dieback in the future.ConclusionsMost former dieback areas mapped within the study area in 1977 now show recovery of the tree canopy through growth of new cohorts of young M. polymorpha trees. This suggests these forest communities are resilient to this type of canopy loss and tree death so long as other factors do not disrupt the natural regeneration process.
An important role of l‐fucose biosynthesis and protein fucosylation genes in Arabidopsis immunity
Authors: Zhang Li , Paasch Bradley C. , Chen Jin , Day Brad , He Sheng Yang 
Published: December 2018

Summary

Plants mount coordinated immune responses to defend themselves against pathogens. However, the cellular components required for plant immunity are not fully understood. The jasmonate‐mimicking coronatine (COR) toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 functions to overcome plant immunity. We previously isolated eight Arabidopsis (scord) mutants that exhibit increased susceptibility to a COR‐deficient mutant of PstDC3000. Among them, the scord6 mutant exhibits defects both in stomatal closure response and in restricting bacterial multiplication inside the apoplast. However, the identity of SCORD6 remained elusive.

In this study, we aim to identify the SCORD6 gene.

We identified SCORD6 via next‐generation sequencing and found it to be MURUS1 (MUR1), which is involved in the biosynthesis of GDP‐l‐fucose.

Discovery of SCORD6 as MUR1 led to a series of experiments that revealed a multi‐faceted role of l‐fucose biosynthesis in stomatal and apoplastic defenses as well as in pattern‐triggered immunity and effector‐triggered immunity, including glycosylation of pattern‐recognition receptors. Furthermore, compromised stomatal and/or apoplastic defenses were observed in mutants of several fucosyltransferases with specific substrates (e.g. O‐glycan, N‐glycan or the DELLA transcriptional repressors). Collectively, these results uncover a novel and broad role of l‐fucose and protein fucosylation in plant immunity.
NF‐YB1‐YC12‐bHLH144 complex directly activates Wx to regulate grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bello Babatunde Kazeem , Hou Yuxuan , Zhao Juan , Jiao Guiai , Wu Yawen , Li Zhiyong , Wang Yifeng , Tong Xiaohong , Wang Wei , Yuan Wenya , Wei Xiangjin , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIdentification of seed development regulatory genes is the key for the genetic improvement in rice grain quality. NF‐Ys are the important transcription factors, but their roles in rice grain quality control and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization a rice NF‐Y heterotrimer complex NF‐YB1‐YC12‐bHLH144, which is formed by the binding of NF‐YB1 to NF‐YC12 and then bHLH144 in a sequential order. Knock‐out of each of the complex genes resulted in alteration of grain qualities in all the mutants as well as reduced grain size in crnf‐yb1 and crnf‐yc12. RNA‐seq analysis identified 1496 genes that were commonly regulated by NF‐YB1 and NF‐YC12, including the key granule‐bound starch synthase gene Wx. NF‐YC12 and bHLH144 maintain NF‐YB1 stability from the degradation mediated by ubiquitin/26S proteasome, while NF‐YB1 directly binds to the ‘G‐box’ domain of Wx promoter and activates Wx transcription, hence to regulate rice grain quality. Finally, we revealed a novel grain quality regulatory pathway controlled by NF‐YB1‐YC12‐bHLH144 complex, which has great potential for rice genetic improvement.
Multiple intramolecular trafficking signals in RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 are engaged in activation of cell death and defense
Authors: Huang Yan‐Yan , Zhang Ling‐Li , Ma Xian‐Feng , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Zhao Jing‐Hao , Zhao Ji‐Qun , Fan Jing , Li Yan , He Ping , Xiao Shunyuan , Wang Wen‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) is a host‐derived interfacial membrane encasing the haustorium of powdery mildew fungi. Arabidopsis thaliana RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is specifically targeted to the EHM via two EHM‐targeting signals. Here, we demonstrate that proper coordination between the trafficking forces engaged via the EHM‐targeting signals and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs), as well as the nuclear export signals (NESs), in RPW8.2 is critical for the activation of cell death and defense. We show that in the absence of pathogens, RPW8.2 is partitioned between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and turned over via both the 26S proteasome‐ and the vacuole‐dependent pathways. Enhanced cytoplasmic localization of RPW8.2 by tagging it with a NES led to lethal cell death. By contrast, enhanced nuclear localization of RPW8.2 by adding an NLS to it resulted in resistance to powdery mildew. Whereas expression of the NES‐containing C‐terminal domain of RPW8.2 in the cytoplasm is sufficient to trigger cell death, no such cell death‐inducing activity is found with RPW8.2 variants that contain the two EHM‐targeting signals along with the NES‐containing C‐terminal domain. In addition, we present evidence for the involvement of a leaf senescence pathway in RPW8.2‐mediated cell death and defense. Taken together, our data suggest that RPW8.2 is subject to adjustment by distinct and perhaps coordinated mechanisms for its localization and function via interaction with the multiple intramolecular trafficking signals, which should provide further insights into RPW8.2‐activated, EHM‐focused resistance against powdery mildew.
Remission of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice upon transplant of microencapsulated human umbilical cord Wharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMS)
Authors: Montanucci Pia , Pescara Teresa , Alunno Alessia , Bistoni Onelia , Basta Giuseppe , Calafiore Riccardo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur previous in vitro demonstration of the immunoregulatory effects of microencapsulated hUCMS on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from patients with recent onset, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), prompted us to test our product for xenograft (TX) in non obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous DM.MethodsWe transplanted microencapsulated hUCMS into the peritoneal cavity of NOD mice with either severe or mild DM. Blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored following TX, in either basal or upon glucose stimulation.ResultsOnly the NODs with mild DM showed full and sustained remission of hyperglycemia throughout 216 days post‐TX, unlike recipients with severe DM, where no remission of hyperglycemia was attained, as reflected by erratic BG levels at all times.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the stage of DM disease process in NOD mice, reflecting steady decline of residual b‐cell mass, plays a pivotal role in determining the success of this cell therapy approach for treatment of DM.
Health-related quality of life in surgical children and adolescents with congenital heart disease compared with their age-matched healthy sibling: a cross-sectional study from a lower middle-income country, Pakistan
Authors: Ladak Laila Akbar , Hasan Babar S , Gullick Janice , Awais Khadija , Abdullah Ahmed , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveInconsistencies have been reported in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in postoperative congenital heart disease (CHD). Despite the need for lifelong care due for residual symptoms, only a few studies have explored cardiac-related HRQOL but none in lower middle-income countries (LMIC). This study therefore addresses the gap by exploring HRQOL and its associated predictors in postoperative CHD in Pakistan.Outcome measuresGeneral and cardiac-related HRQOL, associated predictors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited patients with CHD and age-matched healthy siblings as controls (n=129 each) at a single centre in Pakistan. Patients and their siblings completed HQROL surveys (PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core, PedsQL Cognitive Functioning). Patients only completed PedsQL 3.0 Cardiac module. Generalised linear models identified predictors.ResultsThe sample mean age was 8.84±3.87 years and 70% were below the poverty line for an LMIC. The majority (68%) had their first surgery after 1 year of age and were interviewed at a mean 4.08±1.91 years postoperatively.Patients with CHD had lower HRQOL in all domains compared with their age-matched siblings, with the biggest differences for total HRQOL (effect size, d=−1.35). Patients with complex CHD had lower HRQOL compared with simple to moderate CHDs in cardiac-related HRQOL. The lowest scores were for treatment problems (effect size, d=−0.91). HRQOL was worse for patients who were on cardiac medications, had complex CHD, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, re-operations and were female.ConclusionsHRQOL issues persist in postoperative patients with CHD in LMIC, Pakistan. Solutions are needed to address poor HRQOL and lifelong concerns of patients and their parents.
Risk of intracerebral haemorrhage in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin with cerebral microbleeds: the IPAAC-Warfarin study
Authors: Soo Yannie , Abrigo Jill M , Leung Kam Tat , Tsang Suk Fung , Ip Hing Lung , Ma Sze Ho , Ma Karen , Fong Wing Chi , Li Siu Hung , Li Richard , Ng Ping Wing , Wong Kwok Kui , Liu Wenyan , Lam Bonnie Y K , Wong Ka Sing Lawrence , Mok Vincent , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Leung Thomas W 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeCerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which predict future intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), may guide anticoagulant decisions for atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to evaluate the risk of warfarin-associated ICH in Chinese patients with AF with CMBs.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, multicentre study, we recruited Chinese patients with AF who were on or intended to start anticoagulation with warfarin from six hospitals in Hong Kong. CMBs were evaluated with 3T MRI brain at baseline. Primary outcome was clinical ICH at 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes were ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism, mortality of all causes and modified Rankin Scale ≥3. Outcome events were compared between patients with and without CMBs.ResultsA total of 290 patients were recruited; 53 patients were excluded by predefined criteria. Among the 237 patients included in the final analysis, CMBs were observed in 84 (35.4%) patients, and 11 had ≥5 CMBs. The mean follow-up period was 22.4±10.3 months. Compared with patients without CMBs, patients with CMBs had numerically higher rate of ICH (3.6% vs 0.7%, p=0.129). The rate of ICH was lower than ischaemic stroke for patients with 0 to 4 CMBs, but higher for those with ≥5 CMBs. CMB count (C-index 0.82) was more sensitive than HAS-BLED (C-index 0.55) and CHA2DS2-VASc (C-index 0.63) scores in predicting ICH.ConclusionsIn Chinese patients with AF on warfarin, presence of multiple CMBs may be associated with higher rate of ICH than ischaemic stroke. Larger studies through international collaboration are needed to determine the risk:benefit ratio of oral anticoagulants in patients with AF of different ethnic origins.
Influence of stent design and use of protection devices on outcome of carotid artery stenting: a pooled analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Wodarg Fritz , Turner Elisabeth L , Dobson Joanna , Ringleb Peter A , Mali Willem P , Fraedrich Gustav , Chatellier Gilles , Bequemin Jean-Pierre , Brown Martin M , Algra Ale , Mas Jean-Louis , Jansen Olav , Bonati Leo H 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeCarotid artery stenting is an alternative to endarterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis but was associated with a higher risk of procedural stroke or death in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Technical aspects of treatment may partly explain these results. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the influence of technical aspects such as stent design or the use of protection devices, as well as clinical variables, on procedural risk.MethodsWe pooled data of 1557 individual patients receiving stent treatment in three large RCTs comparing stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The primary outcome event was any procedural stroke or death occurring within 30 days after stenting.ResultsProcedural stroke or death occurred significantly more often with the use of open-cell stents (61/595 patients, 10.3%) than with closed-cell stents (58/962 patients, 6.0%; RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.52; P=0.002). Procedural stroke or death occurred in 76/950 patients (8.0%) treated with protection devices (predominantly distal filters) and in 43/607 (7.1%) treated without protection devices (RR 1.10; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.70; P=0.67). Clinical variables predicting the primary outcome event were age, severity of the qualifying event, history of prior stroke, and level of disability at baseline. The effect of stent design remained similar after adjustment for these variables.ConclusionsIn symptomatic carotid stenosis, the use of stents with a closed-cell design is independently associated with a lower risk of procedural stroke or death compared with open-cell stents. Filter-type protection devices do not appear to reduce procedural risk.
Nos Calcanhares de Esaú: Algumas Considerações sobre “O Diário de um Comedor de Lentilhas”, de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Pereira Kenia Maria de Almeida 
Published: December 2018

São vários os contos de Moacyr Scliar em que esse autor gaúcho estabelece um diálogo paródico com a tradição bíblica. Neste artigo, enfocaremos esse discurso intertextual humorístico e irônico efetuado por Scliar no conto intitulado “Diário de um comedor de lentilhas”. Nessa narrativa, o autor evoca o duplo Esaú e Jacó, enfocando principalmente o personagem Esaú, bem como as angústias e os dissabores desse gêmeo profano, o qual teria registrado seus infortúnios, advindos de um prato de lentilhas, num confuso diário, encontrado, séculos mais tarde, por estudiosos que se debruçaram sobre esses textos apócrifos.
Espaços e Ações das Bibliotecas Escolares no Âmbito do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) do Município de Dourados, MS
Authors: Feitosa Maria Isabel Soares , Caetano Maria do Carmo 
Published: December 2018

O estudo em pauta objetiva analisar o processo de condução do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR), no 2º Ciclo (2011-2014) referente à infraestrutura física e pedagógica das bibliotecas escolares da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Dourados/MS. O desafio consiste em conhecer o desenvolvimento do processo e quais as implicações para a qualidade da educação do município. Estudos apontam fragilidades e dificuldades de compreensão dos requisitos contidos no PAR, resultantes do desconhecimento do bojo do programa, da falta de participação coletiva e na elaboração e acompanhamento do PAR, e de abertura no instrumento para a inclusão das especificidades das escolas. Dados demonstram que o município de Dourados desenvolveu diversas ações relacionadas às propostas na Dimensão 4 do PAR – Infraestrutura e Recursos pedagógicos, resultando na melhoria da qualidade das bibliotecas existentes, na construção e na ampliação de espaços específicos para novas bibliotecas. Na visão dos gestores tais ações contribuíram para a melhoria do processo de ensino de modo geral.
A atividade cafeeira em Ribeirão Preto/SP (1904-1936)
Authors: Faleiros Neto Ulysses De Paiva 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta a análise de dados relativos à estrutura produtiva do complexo cafeeiro em Ribeirão Preto/SP. Nosso objetivo foi compreender com maior amplitude as estruturas produtivas do café no município, afim de se constituir um perfil dos produtores locais. Este trabalho inicia-se com um breve histórico da economia brasileira e a apresentação do nosso espaço de estudo, o município, e estabelece suas relações com a produção de café, que se fortalecem, principalmente a partir de 1870. No segundo momento, apresentamos os dados obtidos através do levantamento feito no Arquivo Público e Histórico de Ribeirão Preto (APHRP) em fontes primárias – são elas a Estatística Agrícola e Zootécnica de Ribeirão Preto (1904-1905) e o Livro de Imposto do Cafeeiro (1916-1936). Através das informações contidas nestes documentos foi possível constituir séries históricas que nos possibilitaram compreender a estrutura produtiva relativa ao café no município. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a compreensão das possíveis relações entre a atividade cafeeira no município e a economia nacional e internacional.
O tempo em Night Journey de Martha Graham
Authors: Silva Maria Clara Laet de Almeida e 
Published: December 2018

Night Journey é uma coreografia de 1947 da dançarina e coreógrafa estadunidense Martha Graham que foi registrada em forma de filme em 1961. A obra recria a tragédia grega Édipo Rei, de Sófocles, e é situada no momento em que Jocasta, mãe e esposa de Édipo, contempla o suicídio. Através de um flashback, Jocasta, interpretada pela própria Graham, revive sua relação incestuosa antes de tirar sua vida. Conhecida por ser uma das melhores composições da fase mitológica de Graham, Night Journey foi filmada em 1961, permitindo sua análise e estudo até os dias de hoje, além de ser remontada com frequência pela Martha Graham Dance Company. Além de incorporar estruturas de tempo típicas da Grécia Antiga e das tragédias gregas, a coreografia revela vicissitudes do contexto histórico em que foi produzida, possuindo portanto múltiplos estratos de tempo. Aqui se investigará como são estruturadas e como se relacionam estas camadas de tempo, analisando a obra sob a luz de uma História Social do Tempo.
Announced or Surprise Inspections and Oligopoly Competition
Authors: Dechenaux Emmanuel , Samuel Andrew 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
To enforce compliance, regulators often choose between announced or unannounced (surprise) inspections. We analyze the impact of these inspection regimes on firms’ compliance choices in a multiple stage oligopoly game of quantity competition with endogenous compliance, monitoring and avoidance. In equilibrium, whether unannounced inspections achieve a higher level of compliance than announced inspections depends on the number of firms, demand and the cost of compliance. Furthermore, the impact on compliance of increasing the fine, the supervisor’s wage or the probability of inspections also depends on market size and structure and may be non-monotonic. Finally we provide conditions under which a welfare maximizing regulator will prefer an unannounced to an announced regime. Thus, our results suggest that when choosing the appropriate inspection regime, regulators should account for market characteristics, especially if compliance maximization is the objective.