bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MTSS1 and SCAMP1 cooperate to prevent invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Al-Juboori Shaymaa Ismael Kadhim , Johnson Catherine , Schneider Anne , Buczek Magdalena Elżbieta , Di Biase Anna , Pockley Alan Graham , Ball Graham Roy , Powe Desmond George , Regad Tarik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCell–cell adhesions constitute the structural “glue” that retains cells together and contributes to tissue organisation and physiological function. The integrity of these structures is regulated by extracellular and intracellular signals and pathways that act on the functional units of cell adhesion such as the cell adhesion molecules/adhesion receptors, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the cytoplasmic plaque/peripheral membrane proteins. In advanced cancer, these regulatory pathways are dysregulated and lead to cell–cell adhesion disassembly, increased invasion and metastasis. The Metastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1) plays a key role in the maintenance of cell–cell adhesions and its loss correlates with tumour progression in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanisms that regulate its function are not well-known. Using a system biology approach, we unravelled potential interacting partners of MTSS1. We found that the secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 (SCAMP1), a molecule involved in post-Golgi recycling pathways and in endosome cell membrane recycling, enhances Mtss1 anti-invasive function in HER2+/ER−/PR− breast cancer, by promoting its protein trafficking leading to elevated levels of RAC1-GTP and increased cell–cell adhesions. This was clinically tested in HER2 breast cancer tissue and shown that loss of MTSS1 and SCAMP1 correlates with reduced disease-specific survival. In summary, we provide evidence of the cooperative roles of MTSS1 and SCAMP1 in preventing HER2+/ER−/PR− breast cancer invasion and we show that the loss of Mtss1 and Scamp1 results in a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype.
The distinct roles of mesenchymal stem cells in the initial and progressive stage of hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Zong Chen , Zhang Hangjie , Yang Xue , Gao Lu , Hou Jing , Ye Fei , Jiang Jinghua , Yang Yang , Li Rong , Han Zhipeng , Wei Lixin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidences suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could migrate to the tumor site and play a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, it is still a lively debate whether MSCs exert a pro- or anticancer action. Cancer development and progression is a multistep process. Therefore, we investigated the effect of MSCs on hepatocarcinoma and whether the role of MSCs depends on the stage of cancer development. In our study, chronically exposing rats to N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was employed as hepatocarcinoma model. And to evaluate the effect of MSCs on hepatocarcinoma, the animals were divided into three groups: rats were injected with MSCs in the initial (DEN + MSC (Is) group) or progressive stage (DEN + MSC (Ps) group) of hepatocarcinoma, respectively. Rats injected with PBS were used as control (DEN group). Interestingly, we found that MSCs had a tumor-suppressive effect in the Is of hepatocarcinoma, yet a tumor-promotive effect in the Ps. In the Is, MSCs showed a protective role against drug damage, possibly through reducing DNA damage and ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, MSCs in the Is also exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-liver fibrosis effect. Further, in the Ps, MSCs facilitated tumor formation not only by enhancing cancer cell proliferation but also through promoting stem cell-like properties and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of liver cancer cells. Taken together, MSCs have a paradoxical role in the different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, which sheds new light on the role of MSCs in hepatocarcinoma and cautions the therapeutic application of MSCs for liver cancer.
Two-electron spin correlations in precision placed donors in silicon
Authors: Broome M. A. , Gorman S. K. , House M. G. , Hile S. J. , Keizer J. G. , Keith D. , Hill C. D. , Watson T. F. , Baker W. J. , Hollenberg L. C. L. , Simmons M. Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubstitutional donor atoms in silicon are promising qubits for quantum computation with extremely long relaxation and dephasing times demonstrated. One of the critical challenges of scaling these systems is determining inter-donor distances to achieve controllable wavefunction overlap while at the same time performing high fidelity spin readout on each qubit. Here we achieve such a device by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy lithography. We measure anti-correlated spin states between two donor-based spin qubits in silicon separated by 16 ± 1 nm. By utilising an asymmetric system with two phosphorus donors at one qubit site and one on the other (2P−1P), we demonstrate that the exchange interaction can be turned on and off via electrical control of two in-plane phosphorus doped detuning gates. We determine the tunnel coupling between the 2P−1P system to be 200 MHz and provide a roadmap for the observation of two-electron coherent exchange oscillations.
Genome-wide analysis yields new loci associating with aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Helgadottir Anna , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Stefansson Olafur A. , Tragante Vinicius , Thorolfsdottir Rosa B. , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Bjornsson Thorsteinn , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Verweij Niek , Nielsen Jonas B. , Zhou Wei , Folkersen Lasse , Martinsson Andreas , Heydarpour Mahyar , Prakash Siddharth , Oskarsson Gylfi , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Geirsson Arnar , Olafsson Isleifur , Sigurdsson Emil L. , Almgren Peter , Melander Olle , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Hamsten Anders , Fritsche Lars , Lin Maoxuan , Yang Bo , Hornsby Whitney , Guo Dongchuan , Brummett Chad M. , Abecasis Gonçalo , Mathis Michael , Milewicz Dianna , Body Simon C. , Eriksson Per , Willer Cristen J. , Hveem Kristian , Newton-Cheh Christopher , Smith J. Gustav , Danielsen Ragnar , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, and valve replacement is the only definitive treatment. Here we report a large genome-wide association (GWA) study of 2,457 Icelandic AS cases and 349,342 controls with a follow-up in up to 4,850 cases and 451,731 controls of European ancestry. We identify two new AS loci, on chromosome 1p21 near PALMD (rs7543130; odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, P = 1.2 × 10−22) and on chromosome 2q22 in TEX41 (rs1830321; OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10−13). Rs7543130 also associates with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (OR = 1.28, P = 6.6 × 10−10) and aortic root diameter (P = 1.30 × 10−8), and rs1830321 associates with BAV (OR = 1.12, P = 5.3 × 10−3) and coronary artery disease (OR = 1.05, P = 9.3 × 10−5). The results implicate both cardiac developmental abnormalities and atherosclerosis-like processes in the pathogenesis of AS. We show that several pathways are shared by CAD and AS. Causal analysis suggests that the shared risk factors of Lp(a) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contribute substantially to the frequent co-occurence of these diseases.
Ultra-thin enzymatic liquid membrane for CO2 separation and capture
Authors: Fu Yaqin , Jiang Ying-Bing , Dunphy Darren , Xiong Haifeng , Coker Eric , Chou Stanley S. , Zhang Hongxia , Vanegas Juan M. , Croissant Jonas G. , Cecchi Joseph L. , Rempe Susan B. , Brinker C. Jeffrey 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe limited flux and selectivities of current carbon dioxide membranes and the high costs associated with conventional absorption-based CO2 sequestration call for alternative CO2 separation approaches. Here we describe an enzymatically active, ultra-thin, biomimetic membrane enabling CO2 capture and separation under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The membrane comprises a ~18-nm-thick close-packed array of 8 nm diameter hydrophilic pores that stabilize water by capillary condensation and precisely accommodate the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). CA catalyzes the rapid interconversion of CO2 and water into carbonic acid. By minimizing diffusional constraints, stabilizing and concentrating CA within the nanopore array to a concentration 10× greater than achievable in solution, our enzymatic liquid membrane separates CO2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure at a rate of 2600 GPU with CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivities as high as 788 and 1500, respectively, the highest combined flux and selectivity yet reported for ambient condition operation.
Ice-volume-forced erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau global Quaternary stratotype site
Authors: Stevens T. , Buylaert J.-P. , Thiel C. , Újvári G. , Yi S. , Murray A. S. , Frechen M. , Lu H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) utilises benchmark chronostratigraphies to divide geologic time. The reliability of these records is fundamental to understand past global change. Here we use the most detailed luminescence dating age model yet published to show that the ICS chronology for the Quaternary terrestrial type section at Jingbian, desert marginal Chinese Loess Plateau, is inaccurate. There are large hiatuses and depositional changes expressed across a dynamic gully landform at the site, which demonstrates rapid environmental shifts at the East Asian desert margin. We propose a new independent age model and reconstruct monsoon climate and desert expansion/contraction for the last ~250 ka. Our record demonstrates the dominant influence of ice volume on desert expansion, dust dynamics and sediment preservation, and further shows that East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variation closely matches that of ice volume, but lags insolation by ~5 ka. These observations show that the EASM at the monsoon margin does not respond directly to precessional forcing.
A conserved interaction of the dynein light intermediate chain with dynein-dynactin effectors necessary for processivity
Authors: Lee In-Gyun , Olenick Mara A. , Boczkowska Malgorzata , Franzini-Armstrong Clara , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Dominguez Roberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein is the major minus-end-directed microtubule-based motor in cells. Dynein processivity and cargo selectivity depend on cargo-specific effectors that, while generally unrelated, share the ability to interact with dynein and dynactin to form processive dynein–dynactin-effector complexes. How this is achieved is poorly understood. Here, we identify a conserved region of the dynein Light Intermediate Chain 1 (LIC1) that mediates interactions with unrelated dynein–dynactin effectors. Quantitative binding studies map these interactions to a conserved helix within LIC1 and to N-terminal fragments of Hook1, Hook3, BICD2, and Spindly. A structure of the LIC1 helix bound to the N-terminal Hook domain reveals a conformational change that creates a hydrophobic cleft for binding of the LIC1 helix. The LIC1 helix competitively inhibits processive dynein–dynactin-effector motility in vitro, whereas structure-inspired mutations in this helix impair lysosomal positioning in cells. The results reveal a conserved mechanism of effector interaction with dynein–dynactin necessary for processive motility.
Displacement Current in Domain Walls of Bismuth Ferrite
Authors: Prosandeev Sergey , Yang Yurong , Paillard Charles , Bellaiche L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 1861, Maxwell conceived the idea of the displacement current, which then made laws of electrodynamics more complete and also resulted in the realization of devices exploiting such displacement current. Interestingly, it is presently unknown if such displacement current can result in large intrinsic ac current in ferroic systems possessing domains, despite the flurry of recent activities that have been devoted to domains and their corresponding conductivity in these compounds. Here, we report first-principles-based atomistic simulations that predict that the transverse (polarization-related) displacement currents of 71° and 109° domains in the prototypical BiFeO3 multiferroic material are significant at the walls of such domains and in the GHz regime, and, in fact, result in currents that are at least of the same order of magnitude than previously reported dc currents (that are likely extrinsic in nature and due to electrons). Such large, localized and intrinsic ac currents are found to originate from low-frequency vibrations at the domain walls, and may open the door to the design of novel devices functioning in the GHz or THz range and in which currents would be confined within the domain wall.
Proximate mechanisms affecting seasonal differences in migration speed of avian species
Authors: Schmaljohann Heiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFaster migration in spring than in autumn seems to be a common pattern in birds. This has been ultimately explained by seasonally different selection pressures. Variation in migration speed is proximately caused by adjusting travel speed (distance covered during flight) and/or stopover duration (times when birds rest and refuel). Yet, it remains unclear whether individual seasonal differences in migration speed match the common pattern and what the precise role of the proximate, behavioural mechanisms for adjusting migration speed is. By reviewing 64 studies of 401 tracks, I show that in waders, gulls, swifts, and songbirds speeds were significantly higher in spring, while the opposite was the case in waterfowl and owls. Thus, the ultimate mechanisms selecting for a faster migration in spring might not consistently act across bird groups. Breeding latitude, migration strategy, migration distance, flight style, body mass, and sex did not explain seasonal differences in speed. The ratio between spring and autumn total stopover duration of 257 bird tracks significantly negatively affected the seasonal migration speed ratio of the same individuals in a comparative analysis accounting for shared ancestry. Seasonal variation in stopover duration appears thus to be the main biological mechanism regulating seasonal differences in migration speed.
Prolonged life of human acute hippocampal slices from temporal lobe epilepsy surgery
Authors: Wickham J. , Brödjegård N. G. , Vighagen R. , Pinborg L. H. , Bengzon J. , Woldbye D. P. D. , Kokaia M. , Andersson M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResected hippocampal tissue from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy presents a unique possibility to test novel treatment strategies directly in target tissue. The post-resection time for testing and analysis however is normally limited. Acute tissue slices allow for electrophysiological recordings typically up to 12 hours. To enable longer time to test novel treatment strategies such as, e.g., gene-therapy, we developed a method for keeping acute human brain slices viable over a longer period. Our protocol keeps neurons viable well up to 48 hours. Using a dual-flow chamber, which allows for microscopic visualisation of individual neurons with a submerged objective for whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we report stable electrophysiological properties, such as action potential amplitude and threshold during this time. We also demonstrate that epileptiform activity, monitored by individual dentate granule whole-cell recordings, can be consistently induced in these slices, underlying the usefulness of this methodology for testing and/or validating novel treatment strategies for epilepsy.
Induced nano-scale self-formed metal-oxide interlayer in amorphous silicon tin oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Liu Xianzhe , Xu Hua , Ning Honglong , Lu Kuankuan , Zhang Hongke , Zhang Xiaochen , Yao Rihui , Fang Zhiqiang , Lu Xubing , Peng Junbiao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmorphous Silicon-Tin-Oxide thin film transistors (a-STO TFTs) with Mo source/drain electrodes were fabricated. The introduction of a ~8 nm MoOx interlayer between Mo electrodes and a-STO improved the electron injection in a-STO TFT. Mo adjacent to the a-STO semiconductor mainly gets oxygen atoms from the oxygen-rich surface of a-STO film to form MoOx interlayer. The self-formed MoOx interlayer acting as an efficient interface modification layer could conduce to the stepwise internal transport barrier formation while blocking Mo atoms diffuse into a-STO layer, which would contribute to the formation of ohmic contact between Mo and a-STO film. It can effectively improve device performance, reduce cost and save energy for the realization of large-area display with high resolution in future.
A transcriptional MAPK Pathway Activity Score (MPAS) is a clinically relevant biomarker in multiple cancer types
Authors: Wagle Marie-Claire , Kirouac Daniel , Klijn Christiaan , Liu Bonnie , Mahajan Shilpi , Junttila Melissa , Moffat John , Merchant Mark , Huw Ling , Wongchenko Matthew , Okrah Kwame , Srinivasan Shrividhya , Mounir Zineb , Sumiyoshi Teiko , Haverty Peter M. , Yauch Robert L. , Yan Yibing , Kabbarah Omar , Hampton Garret , Amler Lukas , Ramanujan Saroja , Lackner Mark R. , Huang Shih-Min A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKRAS- and BRAF-mutant tumors are often dependent on MAPK signaling for proliferation and survival and thus sensitive to MAPK pathway inhibitors. However, clinical studies have shown that MEK inhibitors are not uniformly effective in these cancers indicating that mutational status of these oncogenes does not accurately capture MAPK pathway activity. A number of transcripts are regulated by this pathway and are recurrently identified in genome-based MAPK transcriptional signatures. To test whether the transcriptional output of only 10 of these targets could quantify MAPK pathway activity with potential predictive or prognostic clinical utility, we created a MAPK Pathway Activity Score (MPAS) derived from aggregated gene expression. In vitro, MPAS predicted sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors in multiple cell lines, comparable to or better than larger genome-based statistical models. Bridging in vitro studies and clinical samples, median MPAS from a given tumor type correlated with cobimetinib (MEK inhibitor) sensitivity of cancer cell lines originating from the same tissue type. Retrospective analyses of clinical datasets showed that MPAS was associated with the sensitivity of melanomas to vemurafenib (HR: 0.596) and negatively prognostic of overall or progression-free survival in both adjuvant and metastatic CRC (HR: 1.5 and 1.4), adrenal cancer (HR: 1.7), and HER2+ breast cancer (HR: 1.6). MPAS thus demonstrates potential clinical utility that warrants further exploration.
Speech Adaptation to Kinematic Recording Sensors: Perceptual and Acoustic Findings
Authors: Dromey Christopher , Hunter Elise , Nissen Shawn L. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis study used perceptual and acoustic measures to examine the time course of speech adaptation after the attachment of electromagnetic sensor coils to the tongue, lips, and jaw.MethodTwenty native English speakers read aloud stimulus sentences before the attachment of the sensors, immediately after attachment, and again 5, 10, 15, and 20 min later. They read aloud continuously between recordings to encourage adaptation. Sentence recordings were perceptually evaluated by 20 native English listeners, who rated 150 stimuli (which included 31 samples that were repeated to assess rater reliability) using a visual analog scale with the end points labeled as “precise” and “imprecise.” Acoustic analysis began by segmenting and measuring the duration of the fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/ as well as the whole sentence. The spectral center of gravity and spectral standard deviation of the 2 fricatives were measured using Praat. These phonetic targets were selected because the standard placement of sensor coils on the lingual surface was anticipated to interfere with normal fricative production, causing them to become distorted.ResultsPerceptual ratings revealed a decrease in speech precision after sensor attachment and evidence of adaptation over time; there was little perceptual change beyond the 10-min recording. The spectral center of gravity for /s/ decreased, and the spectral standard deviation for /ʃ/ increased after sensor attachment, but the acoustic measures showed no evidence of adaptation over time.ConclusionThe findings suggest that 10 min may be sufficient time to allow speakers to adapt before experimental data collection with Northern Digital Instruments Wave electromagnetic sensors.
Language Changes Following Combined Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech Treatment
Authors: Bunker Lisa D. , Wright Sandra , Wambaugh Julie L. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Combined Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech Treatment (CAAST) is a newly developed treatment shown to increase production of accurate content in narrative discourse for persons with aphasia and apraxia of speech. The purpose of this post hoc study was to further describe lexical and morphosyntactic changes associated with changes in content production.

Method
Existing probe data from 8 persons with aphasia who had completed CAAST were used to complete analyses of morphosyntactic production, lexical diversity, and novelty of content. Language analyses were completed using discourse samples obtained at numerous pretreatment and posttreatment intervals.

Results
All participants demonstrated gains in morphosyntactic language output for treated items, which extended to untreated sets for 7 participants. All 8 increased in production of novel content. Lexical diversity increases were evident for most participants. Although there were some similarities in language changes, there was substantial variability across response profiles.

Conclusion
CAAST, previously associated with positive treatment effects for production of accurate content, also appears to facilitate acquisition and generalization of morphosyntactic complexity, lexical diversity, and novelty of content for individuals with nonfluent aphasia. Further investigation is needed to determine causality and appropriate clinical application.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5912530
Biodosimetrie in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Schumann Sarah , Lassmann Michael , Eberlein Uta 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Biodosimetrie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es daher, Methoden und Ergebnisse der Biodosimetrie und deren Zusammenhang mit der physikalischen Dosimetrie vorzustellen. Die Daten dieser Arbeit wurden aus Veröffentlichungen nach 1995 erhoben. Die dabei verwendeten Methoden sind hauptsächlich die Analyse dizentrischer Chromosomen, der Mikrokern-Assay, sowie der γ-H2AX-Assay in Lymphozyten. Die Mehrzahl der Daten wurde während Radioiodtherapien erhoben. Etwa die Hälfte der Veröffentlichungen bezog die Ergebnisse nur auf die verabreichte Aktivität. Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehungen konnten nur in wenigen Arbeiten hergestellt werden. Insbesondere anhand der Daten, die mittels des γ-H2AX-Assays gewonnen wurden, konnte die Dosisabhängigkeit und der zeitliche Verlauf der DNA-Schadensantwort in vitro und in vivo mit ß–-Emittern gezeigt werden. Weitere Arbeiten sind nötig, um die Reparatur von DNA-Schäden und deren Zusammenhang mit der Energiedosis nach nuklearmedizinischer Diagnostik und Therapie, insbesondere auch mit α-Strahlern, noch besser beschreiben zu können.