bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface morphology modulation in multilayer scaffolds via ion doping for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Riosalido Paula M. , Velásquez Pablo , Murciano Ángel , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work proposes the use of multilayer scaffolds as a strategy for developing biomimetic structures for bone tissue regeneration. The scaffolds consist of a glass–ceramic core composed of CaSiO3/Ca2P6O17, which provides mechanical properties of 2.3 MPa and a total porosity of ∼74%. To modify the surface morphology a double bioactive coating consisting of Ca3(PO4)2/CaSiO3 doped with Na+ and K+, along with varying amounts of Mg2+ (0–0.75 g MgCO3) was carried out giving a total porosity of 89.8%. The resulting scaffolds were assessed for in vitro bioactivity according to ISO 23317. After immersion in SBF, the W‐05 scaffolds displayed diverse surface morphologies: square HA structure (W‐05‐3D), hollow HA spheres (W‐05‐7D) and smooth HA layer (W‐05‐21D). Cell viability of 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to W‐05 scaffolds in direct and indirect assays at concentrations of 15 and 30 mg/mL was assessed according to ISO 10993–5. Initially, cell proliferation decreased compared to controls, but differences became non‐statistically significant after 72 h. Hollow spheres (W‐05‐7D) enhanced cell viability compared to other morphologies and plastic controls. Additionally, degradation products of W‐05 stimulated cell division, underscoring scaffold biocompatibility.
Temperament and executive functioning correlates of ADHD symptom severity during early versus middle childhood
Authors: Peisch Virginia , Ferrara Erica , Gourdet Gaelle , Zimon Matthew , Mastrangelo Carissa , Arnett Anne 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThis study investigated associations among temperament, executive functioning (EF), and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity at two developmental stages.MethodsParticipants were 61 4‐year‐old children and 165 8–11‐year‐old children (126 ADHD, 39 typically developing [TD]). Caregivers reported on temperament (effortful control [EC], negative affect, and surgency), and ADHD symptoms. Three aspects of EF (working memory, inhibitory control, and processing speed) were measured with neuropsychological tests.ResultsAmong 4‐year‐olds, variance in ADHD symptom severity was only explained by the temperament variables. EC was not significantly correlated with any of the EFs in this cohort. Among school‐aged children, low EC, high surgency, high negative affect, and reduced working memory were associated with greater ADHD symptom severity. EC was significantly and positively correlated with processing speed in the school‐aged children.ConclusionsResults are consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of ADHD, wherein dysregulated temperament is associated with ADHD in young children, while both dysregulated temperament and cognitive skills are associated with ADHD in middle childhood. Results could inform the selection of clinical tools for diagnostic evaluation of pediatric ADHD symptoms and clinical follow‐up.
Longitudinal analysis of Annual Wellness Visit use among Medicare enrollees: Provider, enrollee, and clinic factors
Authors: Gabbard Jennifer L. , Beurle Ellis , Zhang Zhang , Frechman Erica L. , Lenoir Kristin , Duchesneau Emilie , Mielke Michelle M. , Hanchate Amresh D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe utilization of Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs), preventive healthcare visits covered by Medicare Part B, has grown steadily since their inception in 2011. However, longitudinal patterns and variations in use across enrollees, providers, and clinics remain poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze AWV usage trends from 2018 to 2022 among a sizable cohort of Medicare beneficiaries, employing electronic health record (EHR) data. The goal was to assess AWV frequency and explore variations across enrollees, providers, and clinics.DesignThis retrospective observational study utilized EHR data from Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 and above, receiving continuous primary care from 2018 to 2022 (N = 24,549). Enrollees were classified into three categories based on their AWV utilization over a 5‐year period: low users (0–1 AWVs), moderate users (2–3 AWVs), and regular users (4–5 AWVs). AWV usage patterns were examined across individual demographics and provider/clinic characteristics using multilevel regression models.Key ResultsOver the 2018–2022 period, 58.6% were regular AWV users, 27.7% were moderate users, and 13.7% were low users. Differences in primary care providers and clinics accounted for 56.4% (95% CI, 45.3%–66.9%) of the variation between low and regular users. Among enrollees who visited the same providers and clinics, individuals were less likely to be regular users of AWVs if they were 85 and older, Hispanic, from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, or had multiple comorbidities.ConclusionsThe majority of Medicare beneficiaries in the study engaged with AWVs, with 86% having two or more over the 5‐year period. These findings underscore the broad acceptance of AWVs among beneficiaries but also show that clinic and provider factors influence usage, especially among older, minoritized, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Interventions at the provider and clinic levels are necessary to further improve AWV uptake, particularly for vulnerable groups.
Incremental healthcare costs of the simple SOF measure of phenotypic frailty in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Schousboe John T. , Kats Allyson M. , Fink Howard A. , Taylor Brent C. , Sheets Kerry M. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Langsetmo Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrailty defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) phenotype is associated with higher healthcare expenditures in community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries after accounting for claims‐based cost indicators. However, frailty assessment using the CHS phenotype is often not feasible in routine clinical practice. We evaluated whether frailty identified by the simple Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) phenotype is associated with subsequent incremental costs after accounting for claims‐derived cost indicators.MethodsProspective study utilizing data from four cohort studies of older adults linked with Medicare claims composed of 8264 community‐dwelling fee‐for‐service beneficiaries (4389 women, 3875 men). SOF Frailty Phenotype (three components: weight loss, poor energy, and inability to rise from chair five times without using arms) and CHS Frailty Phenotype (operationalized using five components) derived from cohort data. Participants were classified as robust, prefrail, or frail using each phenotype. Multimorbidity index (CMS Hierarchical Conditions Categories score) and Kim frailty indicator (approximating the deficit accumulation index) derived from claims. Annualized total and sector‐specific healthcare costs ascertained for 36 months after frailty assessment.ResultsAverage annualized total healthcare costs (2023 US dollars) were $15,021 in women and $15,711 in men. After accounting for claims‐based multimorbidity and frailty indicators, average incremental costs of SOF phenotypic frailty (two or three components) versus robust (none) were $7142 in women and $5961 in men, only modestly lower than incremental costs of CHS phenotypic frailty ($9422 in women, $6479 in men). SOF phenotypic frailty in both sexes was associated with higher subsequent expenditures in the inpatient, skilled nursing facility, and home healthcare sectors.ConclusionsAs observed with CHS phenotypic frailty, SOF phenotypic frailty is associated with higher subsequent total and sector‐specific expenditures after accounting for claims‐derived indicators. The parsimonious SOF phenotype can be readily assessed in space‐constrained and time‐limited practice settings to improve identification of older adults at high risk of costly care.
Use of digital food records in clinical settings: lessons in translation from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barnett Amandine , Mayr Hannah L. , Keating Shelley E. , Conley Marguerite M. , Webb Lindsey , Jegatheesan Dev K. , Staudacher Heidi M. , Macdonald Graeme A. , Kelly Jaimon T. , Campbell Katrina L. , Hickman Ingrid J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDigital food records offer efficiencies in collecting and assessing dietary information remotely; however, research into factors impacting their translation into clinical settings is limited.MethodsThe study examined factors that may impact the integration of digital food records into clinical dietetic practice by assessing (1) the source and rate of data errors received, (2) the impact of dietitian‐adjusted data on dietary variables and (3) the acceptance of use in a complex chronic condition cohort. Adults from specialist clinics enroled in a randomised controlled feasibility trial participated. Participants recorded their dietary intake using a mobile food diary application (Research Food diary, Xyris Software Pty Ltd.); it was analysed via electronic nutrition analysis software (FoodWorks, Xyris Software Pty Ltd.). Records were verified and corrected by a dietitian. Dietary variables assessed before (participant‐unadjusted data) and after (dietitian‐adjusted data) were compared by the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Bland–Altman and Passing–Bablok analysis. Surveys and Interviews assessed participants'; acceptance of the mobile application's usability.ResultsErrors appeared in 93% of records. Dietitian‐adjusted median data were higher for most variables compared to participant‐unadjusted median data (p < 0.05, median changes between 0.0% and 64.7%) of 59 participant records (median age 51 years, interquartile range 38–58). There was poor agreement between participant‐unadjusted and dietitian‐adjusted data for some dietary variables. Sixty‐four percent surveyed (n = 32/50) found the app easy to use, whereas 29 interviews provided insights into facilitators and challenges of use.ConclusionsSignificant barriers to integrating digital food records into clinical settings exist requiring dietitian adjustment to correct errors which has major implications for estimates of diet quality and intake.
The evolution of nutritional care in children with food allergies – With a focus on cow's milk allergy
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Groetch Marion , Santos Alexandra , Venter Carina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCow's milk allergy (CMA) remains one of the most common and complex paediatric food allergies. In the last decade, our understanding has advanced in terms of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated CMA and focus is now also paid to non‐IgE‐mediated CMA, particularly in some Western countries where incidence rates are high. We have had significant progress in the last 10 years in relation to our understanding of existing supportive tests for IgE‐mediated CMA, with the advancement of newer tests, such as the basophil activation test (BAT), which have shown great promise. However, little advancement has been made in terms of tests for non‐IgE‐mediated CMA, and controversy still exists around symptoms. Our understanding of the natural history of CMA has also advanced with more awareness of different phenotypes. While the mainstay of management remains cow's milk elimination, the importance of supporting breastfeeding and avoidance of unwarranted cow's milk elimination diets in breastfeeding mothers has been highlighted. For non‐breastfed children, there has been some advancement in the formulas offered for the management of CMA, including the recognition of hydrolysed rice‐based formulas and increased demand for nutritionally complete plant‐based options, some of which are currently being assessed. The addition of pro, pre and synbiotics is considered safe to use, although research and guidance on routine use remain absent. Knowledge of tolerance induction from studies on the early introduction of peanuts has also highlighted the importance of a more active approach to managing CMA with the use of milk ladders, primarily in non‐IgE‐mediated CMA and baked milk (BM) introduction in IgE‐mediated CMA. In addition, modulation of the microbiome and diet diversity during complementary feeding has been a major advancement in the last 10 years. While data on poor growth and feeding difficulties in children with CMA has not changed much, increased rates of obesity are now also reported. Finally, novel approaches, including oral immunotherapy, the use of milk ladders and earlier consideration of BM, have advanced somewhat in the last decade, although the risks and benefits of these novel approaches require further research. While CMA remains a complicated allergy to diagnose and manage, the evolution of science has advanced our knowledge and brought some novel innovations, which combined have enhanced our practice.
Workforce development in private practice dietetics: experiences and perceptions of experienced practitioners
Authors: Donnelly Jennifer , Walsh Louisa , Lane Rebecca , Hughes Roger 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in Australian health policies and public funding models have increased the demand for private dietetics services over the past two decades. Limited available workforce data indicate that over half of the Australian dietetics workforce works in private practice at some level, with approximately 30%–50% of dietitians now entering private practice as new graduates. These changes in the sector have implications for dietetics workforce development. The present study aimed to explore private practice dietitians' perceptions and experiences about workforce development needed to successfully work as a private practice dietitian.MethodsAustralian private practice dietitians were purposively sampled for participation in semistructured interviews on their experiences of, and perceptions about, workforce development needs for successful private practice. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis methods.ResultsSixteen dietitians participated. Twenty‐seven themes emerged across seven constructs spanning pathways to practice, the work of private practitioners, workforce preparation, competency development, placements, competency requirements and challenges.ConclusionsExperienced private practice dietitians offer critical insights into the workforce development needs and challenges of the sector. Study participants indicated that their preparation for private practice was suboptimal and they have endured many challenges during their careers. This study highlights the need for a strategic approach to workforce development for private practice, including further research into the preparation and needs of this evolving area.
Screening and surveillance practices for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1‐related Neuroendocrine Tumours in European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Centers of Excellence (ENETS CoE)—An ENETS MEN1 task force questionnaire study
Authors: Pieterman Carolina R. C. , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , O'Toole Dermot , Howe James R. , Ambrosini Valentina , Belli Susana H. , Andreassen Mikkel , Begum Nehara , Denecke Timm , Faggiano Antongiulio , Falconi Massimo , Grey Jo , Knigge Ulrich P. , Kolarova Teodora , Niederle Bruno , Nieveen van Dijkum Els , Partelli Stefano , Pascher Andreas , Rindi Guido , Ruszniewski Philippe , Stättner Stefan , Vandamme Timon , Valle Juan W. , Vullierme Marie‐Pierre , Welin Staffan , Perren Aurel , Bartsch Detlef K. , Kaltsas Gregory K. , Valk Gerlof D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) Clinical Practice Guidelines (2012) are predominantly based on expert opinion due to limited available evidence at the time, leaving room for interpretation and variation in practices. Evidence on the natural course of MEN1‐related neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and the value of screening programs has increased and new imaging techniques have emerged. The aim of this study is to provide insight in the current practices of screening and surveillance for MEN1‐related NETs in ENETS Centers of Excellence (CoEs). A clinical practice questionnaire was distributed among all 65 ENETS CoEs. Response rate was 91% (59/65). In 14% of CoEs <10 patients, in 50% 10–49, in 31% 50–100 and in 3 centres (5%) >100 patients with MEN1 are seen. Practices with regard to screening and surveillance of NETs were markedly heterogeneous. Differences between countries were noted in the use of gut hormones for biochemical screening and the choice for imaging modality for screening/surveillance of pancreatic NETs (PanNETs). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for screening and surveillance of PanNETs, whereas this is computed tomography (CT) for thoracic NETs. Practices regarding screening for thoracic NETs were more homogeneous among larger volume CoEs, with longer screening intervals. The majority of CoEs tailored the surveillance of small pancreatic and lung NETs to observed growth rate. 68% of CoEs advise patients with clinical MEN1 with negative genetic testing to undergo periodic screening like mutation‐positive patients. In conclusion, there is still marked heterogeneity in practice, although there are also common trends. Differences were sometimes associated with volume or country, but often no association was found. This underscores the need for clear and evidence‐based practice recommendations.
Clinical and Dermoscopic Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of 5% Fluorouracil Topical Cream and 1% Niacinamide Topical Gel in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Poostiyan Nazila , Barati Mahbube , Shahmoradi Zabiholah , Saber Mina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundActinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin condition treated by dermatologists; however, the effectiveness, superiority, and potential side effects of current treatment protocols are still debated.AimThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of 5% fluorouracil topical cream and 1% niacinamide topical gel in patients with AK.MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial, 26 patients with 95 AK lesions were assigned to receive either 5% fluorouracil topical cream twice daily for 4 weeks or 1% niacinamide topical gel twice daily for 3 months. Photography and dermoscopy before and after treatment were used to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsThe study included 26 patients who underwent randomization and treatment. Analysis of the improvement response after treatment through photography and dermoscopy scores, as well as patients' perspectives, showed that the fluorouracil group had significantly better outcomes than the niacinamide group. However, treatment complications including burning, itching, and erythema were significantly more frequent in the fluorouracil group than in the niacinamide group.ConclusionsAlthough 5% fluorouracil cream is more effective than 1% niacinamide gel in treating AK lesions, it is also associated with more frequent side effects.
Effect of daily immersion of different beverages on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D‐printed denture base resins
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Alramadan Hassan , Alkoudemi Mohammed , Aljubran Hussain , Altayyar Raand , Alghamdi Deena , Baba Nadim Z. , Khan Soban Q. , Abualsaud Reem , Elhagali Ahmed Fathey , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo measure the effect of daily immersion in varying beverages (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice) on surface roughness and color stability of 3D‐printed denture base resins.Materials and Methods160 acrylic resin discs (15 × 2.5 mm) were made from heat‐polymerized (HP), and 3D‐printed resins (FormLabs, ASIGA, and NextDent). Resin discs (N = 40) were immersed in different solutions (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, or orange juice; (n = 10/group)). Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured initially (T0), 6 months post immersion (T1), and 12 months post immersion (T2) using a non‐contact profilometer. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using CIEL2000 at T1 and T2 using a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using Mann‐Whitney U test and Kruskal‐Wallis test in addition to general linear modeling (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences in surface roughness (Ra) were found between the baseline and immersion in distilled water, carbonated beverage, and orange juice (p < 0.05). HP resin showed increased roughness with all immersion solutions compared to T0 with the highest value seen at T1 with tea. ASIGA resin had the highest mean Ra of 1.78 (0.43) after carbonated beverage immersion, while FormLabs resin had the lowest mean Ra of 0.88 (0.06) after distilled water immersion. Tea immersion did not significantly affect Ra among the resins (p > 0.05). Noticeable color changes were observed after immersion in tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice. All resins exceeded perceptibility and acceptability thresholds at T1 and T2. The combined effect of time and resin on color change was statistically significant (p < 0.001), while the combined effects of time/immersion solution, immersion solution/resin, and immersion solution/resin/time were not.ConclusionCarbonated beverage, tea, and orange juice increase the surface roughness of 3D‐printed resins. Tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice resulted in noticeable color changes of HP and 3D‐printed denture base resins and this change was time‐dependent.
Mental Health in China: Social Change in Life Course Trajectories
Authors: Ge Tingshuai , Van Leeuwen Frans Johannes , Jiang Quanbao , Leopold Liliya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKnowledge about life course trajectories and intercohort changes in mental health is limited mainly to Western populations. To address this gap, our study analyzes mental health trajectories in China, drawing on data on depressive symptoms from the China Family Panel Studies over the period 2012–2020 (N = 31,700 individuals aged 16–70; N = 87,787 person‐years). Employing hierarchical linear regression models, our findings reveal moderate increases in depressive symptoms over the life course and across cohorts. Subgroup analyses indicate that women, people with lower educational attainment, and people with rural hukou experienced more depressive symptoms and a more pronounced increase in depressive symptoms with age. These disparities narrowed across cohorts. We discuss these patterns in the context of Chinese cultural dynamics, including son preference, the impact of education and hukou on the accumulation of stress over the life course, family policy and equity policy transitions, and the changing stigma of mental health.