bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barrett's oesophagus: A qualitative study of patient burden, care delivery experience and follow‐up needs
Authors: Britton James , Hamdy Shaheen , McLaughlin John , Horne Maria , Ang Yeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBarrett's oesophagus (BO), a precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma, requires long‐term endoscopic surveillance. The rising incidence of this chronic disease has implications for service provision and patient burden. Few studies have explored BO patients’ personal burden, care delivery experience and participation in health‐care delivery decisions.ObjectiveTo identify and explore factors impacting BO patients’ health‐related quality of life, follow‐up needs and views on new models of follow‐up care.DesignAn exploratory qualitative approach was adopted using semi‐structured, in‐depth, one‐to‐one interviews, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Patients undergoing BO surveillance, at a single NHS hospital, were recruited using purposive sampling with the aim of achieving maximum variation. Data were analysed using framework analysis approach, supported by NVivo Pro 11.ResultsData saturation occurred after 20 participant interviews. Ten subthemes and three main themes emerged from the analysis: (a) burden of disease—symptom control, worry of oesophageal cancer and surveillance endoscopy; (b) follow‐up experiences—follow‐up care, at this NHS hospital, was found to be inconsistent and often inadequate to meet patients’ needs, in particular a lack of disease‐specific information; and (c) follow‐up needs—participants sought enhanced communication, organization and structure of care. They highly valued face‐to‐face interaction with a specialist, and the concept of direct secondary care access in‐between endoscopies was reassuring to participants.ConclusionsThis qualitative research provides an in‐depth account of the patients’ perspective of BO, the effectiveness of follow‐up care and patient opinion on new follow‐up systems.
Connected seas I
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the flourishing fields of World History and Global History, Maritime History has at best played an ancillary role. Although seas and oceans were not at the center of attention, they have received their monographs. Following Fernand Braudel's Méditerranée, historians interpreted the Mediterranean, Baltic, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, or Pacific as closed maritime systems, consisting of multiple microenvironments. This essay seeks to overcome these limited perspectives and to examine how the various seas and oceans were connected by the Vikings, the Cairo Genizah merchants, and the Italian trading companies of the Middle Ages.
Fewer teeth are a risk factor for being underweight in community‐dwelling Japanese aged 40 years and older: The Yamagata (Takahata) Study
Authors: Ishikawa Shigeo , Konta Tsuneo , Susa Shinji , Ishizawa Kenichi , Togashi Hitoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kubota Isao , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Kayama Takamasa , Iino Mitsuyoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate comprehensively, the risk factors for underweight in cross‐sectional study in the general population of Japan.MethodsThe survey population was the general population of individuals aged >40 years in Takahata town, Japan in 2005. A postal survey in the form of a self‐administered questionnaire was distributed, and 6084 individuals were entered into the final statistical analysis. The self‐administered questionnaire contained items regarding lifestyle, oral health status, socio‐economic status and dietary intake. To examine the independent relationships between an underweight status and several parameters, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs).ResultsThe number of teeth, age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, spousal status, smoking habit, appetite, body weight at 20 years of age, habit of going out and physical activity were independently associated with an underweight status compared with the normal weight group. Individuals with fewer than 10 teeth were especially more likely to be underweight than individuals with more than 20 teeth (OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.261‐3.035).ConclusionThis study showed an independent association between the number of teeth and an underweight status, indicating that fewer teeth can increase the risk of being underweight.
Examining consumer purchase intentions of non-prescription medicines in supermarkets and community pharmacies
Authors: Mortimer Gary , Grimmer Louise , Fazal-e-Hasan Syed M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
As supermarkets continue to expand their healthcare categories, consumers now have more choice and access to non-prescription medicines. The aim of this current research is to empirically examine the drivers and barriers of consumer purchase intentions, namely trust and perceived risk, of non-prescription medicines in both supermarkets and community pharmacy settings.

Method
Data were collected using an in-store intercept survey of 402 supermarket shoppers and 310 community pharmacy shoppers. Confirmatory factor analysis including a measurement and structural model tests were employed using AMOS software package to identify variances in the drivers and barriers of purchase intentions between these retail settings.

Key findings
This study found an association between the purchase intention of non-prescription medicines in community pharmacies with their perceived competence, benevolence and provision accurate information. Other than time risk, no other elements of risk were associated with purchase intentions within this setting. In contrast, the perceived risks associated with the purchase of non-prescription medicines within the supermarkets setting – specifically physical and social risk, were present. Results indicate respondents were more likely to intend to purchase medicines from a supermarket if they perceived that the retailer was competent in providing access to safe non-prescription medicines and had the ability to handle transactions.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine the psychological drivers and barriers of purchase intentions of non-prescription medicines in supermarkets and community pharmacies, finding very different results across both retail settings. The study presents a comprehensive model of purchase intentions of non-prescription medicines and recommends directions for pharmacy practitioners and supermarkets.
Tract creation using plasma vaporization versus metal dilatation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Chang Yin‐Lun , Chiang Po‐Hui , Cheng Yuan‐Tso , Lee Wei‐Chia 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo share our 10‐year experience of tract creation by using plasma vaporization compared with metal dilatation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 230 patients who had undergone 244 percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from January 2007 to December 2016, and divided the patients into the plasma (n = 130) and metal (n = 114) groups. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy by either a bipolar resectoscope mounted with a plasma vaporization button electrode or metal dilatation for tract creation. Propensity score matching was applied to reduce selection bias. Perioperative and postoperative data analysis included procedure time, length of hospital stay, blood transfusion rate, any early and late complications, stone‐free rate, renal function, and time of need for pain control.ResultsBefore propensity score matching, there were significantly shorter hospital stay (2.6vs3.8 days,P < 0.01), less operating time (66.1vs108.1 min,P < 0.01) and no blood transfusion rate (0vs4 [3.5%],P = 0.031) in the plasma vaporization group. After propensity score matching, there was no statistically significant difference in the patients’ baseline characteristics. There were significantly shorter hospital stay (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.66;P < 0.001) and shorter average operating time (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97–0.99,P < 0.001) in the plasma vaporization group.ConclusionsIn comparison with metal dilatation, the plasma vaporization technique is a safe and effective method for creating the nephrostomy tract for percutaneous nephrolithotomy, based on shorter postoperative stay, less operating time, zero blood transfusion rate, acceptable stone‐free rate and no major complications.
Visual and radiographic merged‐ICDAS caries progression pattern in 2‐6 years old Colombian children: Two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Cortes Andrea , Ekstrand Kim Rud , Martignon Stefania 
Published: November 2018

AimTo describe the 2‐year clinical and combined with radiographic caries progression pattern in three cohorts of 2‐(a), 4‐(b), and 6‐yr‐old children (c).DesignBaseline sample comprised 600 children (each‐cohort: n = 200). Children's dental surfaces were clinically assessed at schools without air‐drying (epi) in terms of: Clinical (C) caries lesions (d/D) with ICDASepi‐merged system (C‐ICDASepi‐d/D:Sound/Initial‐epi/Moderate/Extensive); fillings (f/F), and missing teeth (m/M). Clinical ICDAS (C) and Radiographic ICDAS (R) indexes were combined (C + R). Caries experience (dmf + DMF) was expressed as: C‐dmfs + DMFS (Moderate/Extensive‐d/D); C‐ICDASepi‐dmfs + DMFS (including Initial‐epi‐d/D); C + R‐dmfs + DMFS; and C + R‐ICDASepi‐dmfs + DMFS. Follow‐up caries progression corresponded to more severe caries score.ResultsTwo‐year follow‐up sample was n = 352 (58.7%‐baseline sample): a: n = 81; b: n = 131; c: n = 140. Around 100% of children presented C + R‐ICDASepi‐dmf + DMF ≥ 1, with following C + R‐ICDASepi‐dmfs + DMFS means: a: 7.3 ± 14.1; b: 12.2 ± 19.5; c: 13.3 ± 16.9. Progression was about 60% in all cohorts, mainly corresponding, in cohort b and c, to occlusal and distal surfaces of lower first/second‐molar‐primary teeth, and in cohort a to buccal surfaces of upper primary‐incisor teeth. The addition of radiographs increased caries mean and prevalence in 10% as compared to only visual examination.ConclusionsChildren showed a high C + R caries experience progression rate, mainly related to occlusal and proximal surfaces in lower‐molar teeth and buccal in upper‐incisor teeth.
Mining the seabed, enclosing the Area: ocean grabbing, proprietary knowledge and the geopolitics of the extractive frontier beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Zalik Anna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOver the past 15 years the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the United Nations agency charged with regulating extraction from the ocean floor and seabed in areas beyond national jurisdiction (a zone referred to as the “Area”), has assigned exploration contracts for deep sea mineral exploration for specific zones under its purview. Pressures have mounted in recent years for a rapid roll out of an ISA mineral exploitation regime. Under international law, the deep seabed pertains to the entire global community under the principle of the common heritage of (hu)mankind. Parastatal and private firms granted rights by the UN and/or their home states for exploration prior to the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), are among the actors in these contracts. They include US firms, notably Lockheed Martin, which participated in deep‐sea mining consortia in the 1970s and 1980s. The paper argues that the neo‐mercantilist dynamics surrounding ISA negotiations show how the geopolitics of proprietary data and political economy of finance constitute the deep seabed. The power certain states and firms hold in shaping the ISA exploitation regime arises in part from the contested legal position of ocean frontiers beyond state jurisdiction.
A novel Li2CaSi2N4:Eu2+ orange‐red phosphor for field‐emission displays
Authors: Wu Quansheng , He Ziyu , Zhang Hanqiang , Chen Hande , Zhou Jiangcong , Xiong Jinhua , Hu Zhibiao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe exploration of suitable phosphors with high efficiency, low saturation, and good stability has always been a key issue for field‐emission displays (FEDs) development. In this work, a novel Li2CaSi2N4:Eu2+ orange‐red phosphors were prepared by solid reaction process and the cathodoluminescence (CL) properties were investigated in detail to explore the potential application for FEDs. Under a low voltage electron‐beam excitation, the phosphors show an intense orange‐yellow emission in the range of 500‐700 nm, which belongs to the 4f65d→4f7 electron transition of Eu2+ ion. The influences of the Eu2+ doping concentration, filament current, accelerating voltage, and bombardment time on the CL emission of Li2CaSi2N4:Eu2+ were investigated in detail. The results indicate that Li2CaSi2N4:Eu2+ phosphors exhibit an intense orange‐red emission, no saturation effect, and excellent degradation property, which give the Li2CaSi2N4:Eu2+ phosphors potential application in full color FEDs.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of physicians toward evidence‐based medicine: A systematic review
Authors: Barzkar Farzaneh , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Koohpayehzadeh Jalil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of graduate physicians toward evidence‐based medicine (EBM) and the barriers to the implementation of EBM worldwide.MethodsRelevant databases were searched systematically with appropriate search terms up to September 2017. References of the articles detected by the search were screened for any new articles. Risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted from the full‐text articles based on the study summary measures and were collected in a data table.ResultsFifty‐seven articles were finally included in this systematic review. The studies were of variable and moderate quality. Based on our results, physicians have a generally positive attitude toward EBM and most of them believe that its implementation improves patient care. However, their self‐reported awareness and knowledge regarding EBM concepts and the main databases are generally poor. The major barriers to the practice of EBM were related to patient overload and lack of personal time, knowledge, and skills rather than a lack of facilities and resources. However, this pattern varied among the studies. Most of the physicians in the included studies referred to their colleagues and textbooks to answer most of their clinical questions.ConclusionAlthough many physicians have poor EBM knowledge and skills, the majority of them have a positive attitude toward the implication of EBM. To overcome the barriers against the evidence‐based practice, it is recommended that appropriate policies be adopted to decrease physicians’ workload and to provide them with preappraised evidence.
“Attenuating Anxieties”: A grounded theory study of mental health nurses’ responses to clients with suicidal behaviour
Authors: Morrissey Jean , Higgins Agnes 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop a grounded theory to explain mental health nurses’ responses to clients with suicidal behaviour.BackgroundMental health nurses are an integral part of the multi‐disciplinary teams supporting people who experience suicidal behaviour, yet limited research is available that explores how nurses respond to the needs of people at risk of suicide and what factors influence their responses and actions.MethodsGrounded theory was the methodology for this study. Interviews were conducted with 33 mental health nurses working in an urban area in the Republic of Ireland. Data were analysed using the concurrent processes of comparative analysis, theoretical sampling, theoretical sensitivity and memo writing.COREQ32‐item checklist was used.ResultsThe core category from the data was “Attenuating Anxieties.” Participants’ main concerns about caring for suicidal clients were related to their feelings of professional and personal vulnerability and the need to protect clients and themselves. This theory “Attenuating Anxieties” highlights the way in which nurses allay their anxieties by utilising historically known risk adverse strategies to care for the suicidal person. Acquisition of further psychotherapeutic training, clinical supervision as well as increased reflexivity protected some participants and enabled them to work creatively and collaboratively while supporting and facilitating therapeutic risk‐taking.ConclusionsThe theory of “Attenuating Anxieties” identifies how participants worked within the context of mental health as members of the “risk society,” wherein they worried about the possibility and probability of a negative or adverse effect for both the client and self, leaving them to feel constantly vulnerable and unsafe.Relevance to clinical practiceThis theory highlights the need for a culture of openness that acknowledges nurses’ and organisations’ anxieties surrounding suicide and promotes a discourse among nurses that moves from a position of risk aversion to a relational and recovery‐orientated approach.
Right hippocampus atrophy is independently associated with Alzheimer's disease with psychosis
Authors: Lee Kangyoon , Lee Young Min , Park Je‐Min , Lee Byung‐Dae , Moon Eunsoo , Jeong Hee‐Jeong , Kim Soo Yeon , Chung Young‐In , Kim Ji‐Hoon 
Published: November 2018

AimThe purpose of this study was to determine whether regionally distributed medial temporal cortex thickness (or hippocampal volume) and frontal lobe volume are independently associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with psychosis.MethodsWe identified 26 AD patients with psychosis (AD+P) and 48 AD patients without psychosis (AD−P) from the Memory Impairment Clinic at Pusan National University Hospital in South Korea. They were matched for age, gender, duration of AD, and Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score. All participants met the National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD. Psychosis was diagnosed according to Jeste and Finkel's proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of AD. All participants underwent 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging, and 3‐D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo sequence was acquired for each. The FreeSurfer version 5.1 software package was used to analyze cortical thickness and volume on 3‐D T1‐weighted images. anova was used to investigate the differences in cortical thickness and the volume of the total frontal cortex, total temporal cortex, and subregions of the medial temporal cortex between groups after age, gender, years of education, Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score, duration of AD, and total intracranial volume were controlled for. Furthermore, we added the total frontal volume as an additional variable to investigate whether the association between the medial temporal cortex and AD+P is independent of the frontal cortex.ResultsWe found that both left and right hippocampal volume were smaller in AD+P than in AD−P. In particular, there was a significant difference in right hippocampal volume between the AD+P and AD−P groups after total frontal volume was added as an additional variable.ConclusionWe found that more severe hippocampal atrophy is associated with AD+P than with AD−P. In addition, atrophy of the right hippocampus remained significant among AD+P after adjustment for frontal volume. These findings suggest that right hippocampal atrophy is independently associated with AD+P.
GnRH‐agonist deslorelin implant alters the progesterone release pattern during early pregnancy in gilts
Authors: Haen Silke M. , Heinonen Mari , Kauffold Johannes , Heikinheimo Markku , Hoving Lia L. , Soede Nicoline M. , Peltoniemi Olli A. T. 
Published: November 2018

ContentsThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during recognition and establishment of pregnancy in the gilt. Therefore, the effects of eliminating episodic LH pulses on P patterns were determined during early pregnancy. To this end, a slow‐release GnRH implant deslorelin was used for GnRH down‐regulation. A group of gilts (GnRHa, n = 8) was implanted with the GnRH‐agonist on Day 11 of pregnancy, while a control group (C, n = 5) was treated with a non‐impregnated placebo implant. Blood was collected via a vena cava caudalis catheter at 10‐min intervals for 8 hr on Day 16 and 21 of pregnancy. As expected, the GnRH implant reduced LH secretion (p < 0.01) and abolished LH pulses completely at Day 16 and Day 21 of pregnancy. On Day 16, there was no difference in P levels between the treatments. However, on Day 21, the GnRH‐agonist treatment led to significantly increased P concentrations (p < 0.01) compared with the control gilts. Progesterone was secreted in a pulsatile manner in both treatment groups and no relationship between LH pulsatility and P pulsatility was observed. In conclusion, abolishment of LH pulsatility did not affect the pulsatile pattern of P secretion but led to an unexpected overall increase in P on Day 21 of pregnancy; this effect was delayed and occurred 10 days after commencing treatment with the GnRH depot agonist. The elevation of P on Day 21 of pregnancy in the GnRHa group suggests either a reduced negative feedback effect or an increased autocrine response by the corpora lutea.
Trends in Modern Contraceptive Use among Young Adult Women in sub‐Saharan Africa 1990 to 2014
Authors: Behrman Julia Andrea , Wright Kelsey Quinn , Grant Monica J. , Soler‐Hampejsek Erica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article provides updated estimates of trends in modern contraceptive use among young adult women (aged 15–24) who have had sex, using Demographic and Health Survey data from 23 sub‐Saharan African countries (1990–2014). In East/South Africa, parous women had higher modern contraceptive use than nulliparous women and larger increases in modern contraceptive use over time. In the West/Central region, nulliparous women had higher modern contraceptive use than parous women and larger increases in modern contraceptive use over time. Most of the increase in modern contraceptive use was driven by an increase in short‐acting—rather than long‐acting—methods across regions and parity groups. Although parous women had higher unmet need for family planning in both regions, nulliparous women had larger increases in unmet need for family planning over time in the East/South region. Decomposition analysis suggests that increases in use of modern contraceptives are largely driven by increases in the rate of contraceptive use rather than changes in the parity composition of women.
Substances Involved in Suicidal Poisonings in the United States
Authors: Kang Aaron Min 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated specific substances most commonly involved in suicidal poisonings, causing severe clinical effects, and leading to intensive treatments.MethodSuicidal poisoning cases for individuals ≥13 years old were obtained from the National Poison Data System for 2011‐2015. The most common products involved in single and multiple‐product poisonings were identified. Single product cases were used to calculate substances causing the largest numbers of serious clinical effects and leading to intensive treatments.ResultsMore than half of reported cases involved only a single product (54.4%), but this frequency was higher at the extremes of age (66.7% in adolescents 13–19 years old and 70.5% in individuals ≥90 years old) and among pregnant women (65.8%). The top three substances involved in single‐product poisonings were over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications, while alcohol and prescription sedatives were most common in multiple‐product poisonings. One OTC medication, diphenhydramine, was a frequent cause of several serious clinical effects and intensive treatments.ConclusionsSingle product suicidal poisonings were more frequent with extremes of age and in pregnancy. OTC products were more frequently used in single product attempts. Products causing serious clinical effects can be targeted for suicide prevention efforts as well as education of health care providers.