bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus Reassortant–Induced Murine Model of Liver Fibrosis Parallels Human Biliary Atresia
Authors: Mohanty Sujit K. , Lobeck Inna , Donnelly Bryan , Dupree Phylicia , Walther Ashley , Mowery Sarah , Coots Abigail , Bondoc Alexander , Sheridan Rachel M. , Poling Holly M. , Temple Haley , McNeal Monica , Sestak Karol , Bansal Ruchi , Tiao Greg 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating neonatal cholangiopathy that progresses to fibrosis and end‐stage liver disease by 2 years of age. Portoenterostomy may reestablish biliary drainage, but, despite drainage, virtually all afflicted patients develop fibrosis and progress to end‐stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation for survival.

Approach and Results
In the murine model of BA, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of newborn pups results in a cholangiopathy paralleling human BA and has been used to study mechanistic aspects of the disease. Unfortunately, nearly all RRV‐infected pups succumb by day of life 14. Thus, in this study we generated an RRV‐TUCH rotavirus reassortant (designated as TR(VP2,VP4)) that when injected into newborn mice causes an obstructive jaundice phenotype with lower mortality rates. Of the mice that survived, 63% developed Ishak stage 3‐5 fibrosis with histopathological signs of inflammation/fibrosis and bile duct obstruction.

Conclusions
This model of rotavirus‐induced neonatal fibrosis will provide an opportunity to study disease pathogenesis and has potential to be used in preclinical studies with an objective to identify therapeutic targets that may alter the course of BA.
Characterization of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variants frequencies in healthy subjects from northern Chile: Influence on plasma lipid levels
Authors: Rojas Claudio , Ramírez Hugo , Salazar Luis A. , Kalergis Alexis M. , Gálvez Anita S. , Escobar‐Vera Jorge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentification and characterization of genetic variants and their effects on human health may allow to establish relationships between genetic background and susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases. LDLR and PCSK9 polymorphisms have been associated with higher lipid levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate genotype distribution and relative allelic frequency of LDLR rs5925 (1959C > T) and PCSK9 rs505151 (23968 A > G) genetic variants and their effects on lipid levels of healthy subjects from northern Chile.MethodsA total of 178 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The genotyping of rs5925 (LDLR) and rs505151 (PCSK9) polymorphisms was performed by PCR‐RFLP and qPCR, respectively. In addition, glucose and lipid levels were determined and associated with the genetic data.ResultsGenotype distribution for LDLR rs5925 polymorphism was as follows: CC = 19%; CT = 53%; and TT = 28% (HWE: χ2 = 0.80; P = .37), and for PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variant was as follows: AA = 93%; AG = 7%; and GG = 0% (HWE: χ2 = 0.22; P = .64). The frequency of T (rs5925) and G (rs505151) mutated alleles was 0.55 and 0.03, respectively. Data showed that individuals carrying LDLR mutated allele (T) presented lower values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL‐cholesterol when compared to CC homozygous genotype (P < .05). Subgroup analysis revealed that women carrying the PCSK9 mutated allele (G) exhibited higher values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C when compared to male group carrying the same genotype (P < .05).ConclusionsThe effect of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 gene polymorphisms on lipid levels is associated with gender among healthy subjects from northern Chile.
Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: Perspectives for application of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancers
Authors: Aghebati‐Maleki Ali , Dolati Sanam , Ahmadi Majid , Baghbanzhadeh Amir , Asadi Milad , Fotouhi Ali , Yousefi Mehdi , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid growth in nanotechnology toward the development of nanomedicine agents holds massive promise to improve therapeutic approaches against cancer. Nanomedicine products represent an opportunity to achieve sophisticated targeting strategies and multifunctionality. Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) have multiple applications in different branches of science. In recent years, NPs have repetitively been reported to play a significant role in modern medicine. They have been analyzed for different clinical applications, such as drug carriers, gene delivery to tumors, and contrast agents in imaging. A wide range of nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid, or glycan compounds, as well as on synthetic polymers has been utilized for the development and improvement of new cancer therapeutics. In this study, we discuss the role of NPs in treating cancer among different drug delivery methods for cancer therapy.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound‐guided core biopsy of peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Tøttrup Mikkel , Eriksen Jacob D. , Hellfritzsch Michel B. , Sørensen Flemming B. , Baad‐Hansen Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of and complications from ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (UGCNB) of suspected peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs).MethodsPatients undergoing UGCNB from January 2004 to December 2016, based on the suspicion of PNST, were included in the study. Age, gender, anatomical location, dates of relevant events, and histopathological reports of the UGCNB cores and the resected tumors were retrieved from the patients' medical records.ResultsA total of 154 UGCNBs were identified. One hundred and forty (90.9%) of these resulted in a conclusive histopathological report, while 14 were unsuited for histopathological analysis due to insufficient amount of tissue and/or nonrepresentative tissue. The overall diagnostic accuracy of UGCNB with respect to discriminate malignant from benign tumors was 99.3%, while correct specific UGCNB diagnoses were confirmed in 95.1% of the cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% (95% CI: 58.7‐99.8%) and 100% (95% CI: 97.2‐100%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 99.2%. Except for one patient, who reported mild dysesthesia, which resolved 2 days after the UGCNB, no complications were reported.ConclusionThis study suggests that UGCNB is accurate and safe in patients suspected for PNST.
Point‐of‐care viral load monitoring: outcomes from a decentralized HIV programme in Malawi
Authors: Nicholas Sarala , Poulet Elisabeth , Wolters Liselotte , Wapling Johanna , Rakesh Ankur , Amoros Isabel , Szumilin Elisabeth , Gueguen Monique , Schramm Birgit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionRoutinely monitoring the HIV viral load (VL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) facilitates intensive adherence counselling and faster ART regimen switch when treatment failure is indicated. Yet standard VL‐testing in centralized laboratories can be time‐intensive and logistically difficult in low‐resource settings. This paper evaluates the outcomes of the first four years of routine VL‐monitoring using Point‐of‐Care technology, implemented by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in rural clinics in Malawi.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients eligible for routine VL‐ testing between 2013 and 2017 in four decentralized ART‐clinics and the district hospital in Chiradzulu, Malawi. We assessed VL‐testing coverage and the treatment failure cascade (from suspected failure (first VL>1000 copies/mL) to VL suppression post regimen switch). We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to assess factors associated with suspected failure.Results and DiscussionAmong 21,400 eligible patients, VL‐testing coverage was 85% and VL suppression was found in 89% of those tested. In the decentralized clinics, 88% of test results were reviewed on the same day as blood collection, whereas in the district hospital the median turnaround‐time for results was 85 days. Among first‐line ART patients with suspected failure (N = 1544), 30% suppressed (VL<1000 copies/mL), 35% were treatment failures (confirmed by subsequent VL‐testing) and 35% had incomplete VL follow‐up. Among treatment failures, 80% (N = 540) were switched to a second‐line regimen, with a higher switching rate in the decentralized clinics than in the district hospital (86% vs. 67%, p < 0.01) and a shorter median time‐to‐switch (6.8 months vs. 9.7 months, p < 0.01). Similarly, the post‐switch VL‐testing rate was markedly higher in the decentralized clinics (61% vs. 26%, p < 0.01). Overall, 79% of patients with a post‐switch VL‐test were suppressed.ConclusionsViral load testing at the point‐of‐care in Chiradzulu, Malawi achieved high coverage and good drug regimen switch rates among those identified as treatment failures. In decentralized clinics, same‐day test results and shorter time‐to‐switch illustrated the game‐changing potential of POC‐based VL‐testing. Nevertheless, gaps were identified along all steps of the failure cascade. Regular staff training, continuous monitoring and creating demand are essential to the success of routine VL‐testing.
Lose‐Dose Administration of Dexamethasone Is Beneficial in Preventing Secondary Tendon Damage in a Stress‐Deprived Joint Injury Explant Model
Authors: Connizzo Brianne K. , Grodzinsky Alan J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSecondary joint damage is the process by which a single injury can lead to detrimental changes in adjacent tissue structures, typically through the spread of inflammatory responses. We recently developed an in vitro model of secondary joint damage using a murine rotator cuff explant system, in which injuries to muscle and bone cause massive cell death in otherwise uninjured tendon. The purpose of the present study was to test the ability cytokine‐targeted and broad‐spectrum therapeutics to prevent cell death and tissue degeneration associated with secondary joint damage. We treated injured bone‐tendon‐muscle explants with either interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, etanercept, or dexamethasone (DEX) for up to 7 days in culture. Only the low‐dose DEX treatment was able to prevent cell death and tissue degeneration. We then identified a critical window between 24 and 72 h following injury for maximal benefit of DEX treatment through timed administration experiments. Finally, we performed two tendon‐only explant studies to identify mechanistic effects on tendon health. Interestingly, DEX did not prevent cell death and degeneration in a model of cytokine‐induced damage, suggesting other targets of DEX activity. Future studies will aim to identify factors in joint inflammation that may be targeted by DEX treatment, as well as to investigate novel delivery strategies. Statement of clinical significance: Overall, this work demonstrates beneficial effects of DEX administration on preventing tenocyte death and extracellular matrix degeneration in an explant model of secondary joint damage, supporting the clinical use of low‐dose glucocorticoids for short‐term treatment of joint inflammation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:139–149, 2020
Is a Local Administration of Parathyroid Hormone Effective to Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing in a Rat Rotator Cuff Repair Model?
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Chung Seok Won , Jung Jae Wook , Lee Yong‐Soo , Kim Kwang‐Il , Park Ga Young , Kim Hun‐Min , Choi Jin‐Hyun 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effect of local parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration on rotator cuff tendon‐to‐bone healing in a rat model compared with systemic PTH injection and untreated controls. PTH‐alginate scaffold was prepared and sustained release of PTH was confirmed. Bilateral supraspinatus tendon repairs were performed in 39 rats (group 1, supraspinatus repair only; group 2, supraspinatus repair with systemic PTH injection; group 3, supraspinatus repair with local PTH administration via an absorbable scaffold; n = 13 each). Biomechanical (cross‐sectional area, mode of failure, load to failure, and ultimate stress: right side) and histological analyses (hematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's Trichrome stain Picrosirius red stain, Immunohistochemistry for BMP2, PTH1R, ColI, and ColIII: Left side) were performed to evaluate tendon‐to‐bone healing quality at 8 weeks after repair, and blood test (osteocalcin and procollagen type I N‐terminal pro‐peptide [PINP] levels) was performed in all rats. There was no intergroup difference in the healing failure rate (p = 0.910) or failure mode (p = 0.585). Biomechanically, subjects in groups 2 and 3 exhibited significantly larger cross‐sectional areas and higher ultimate failure loads and ultimate stress than those in group 1 (all p < 0.05); however, no differences were noted between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). Histologically, groups 2 and 3 exhibited more organized tendon‐to‐bone interface structures with higher density, parallel orientation, and collagen fiber continuity than group 1 (all p < 0.05 except collagen fiber continuity in group 1 vs. 2); however, no differences in histological parameters between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). The protein levels of bone morphogenic protein 2, PTH 1 receptor, and collagen I and III and the serum level of PINP were increased in groups 2 and 3 versus group 1 (all p < 0.05) without showing differences between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). Local PTH administration using an absorbable scaffold improved the biomechanical and histological outcomes of rotator cuff tendon‐to‐bone healing comparable with systemic PTH injection at 8 weeks after repair in a rat model. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:82–91, 2020
In‐Room Ultraviolet Air Filtration Units Reduce Airborne Particles During Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Anis Hiba K. , Curtis Gannon L. , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Otiso Joshua , Richter Sandra S. , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera Carlos A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTReducing airborne bioburden in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is of critical importance. The efficacy of crystalline ultraviolet‐C (C‐UVC) filtration in reducing bioburden in a dynamic operating room (OR) environment has not been evaluated. We assessed whether C‐UVC filtration reduced (i) total particle counts (TPC); (ii) viable particle counts (VPC); and (iii) colony‐forming units (CFUs). Fifty primary TJA cases were performed in a positive‐pressure OR; 25 cases with the C‐UVC unit and 25 cases without. The air was sampled by a particle counter and an impact air sampler to measure particle counts and CFUs, respectively. To compare TPC, VPC, and CFU/m3 between groups, independent t tests and multivariate regression, adjusted for number of OR staff and door openings, were performed. The C‐UVC group had significantly lower TPC (2.6 × 106 vs. 4.7 × 106 particles, p = 0.001) and VPC (18,605 vs. 27,516 particles, p = 0.001). There were fewer CFUs in the C‐UVC group (10.9 CFU/m3 vs. 13.7 CFU/m3, p = 0.163). Multivariate analysis identified C‐UVC filtration as a significant predictor of decreased TPC (β = −0.44, p = 0.002) and VPC (β = −0.47, p = 0.001) after accounting for door openings and number of OR staff. The reduction in CFUs was not significant on multivariate analysis. In this prospective pilot study, a C‐UVC air disinfection and recirculation unit led to a significant reduction in both TPC and VPC and a non‐significant reduction in CFU. Statement of clinical significance: Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of C‐UVC filtration units on surgical‐site infection rates. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:431‐437, 2020
Effects of T‐2 toxin on the muscle proteins of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) – a proteomics study
Authors: Huang Zhanrui , Wang Yaling , Sun Lijun , Wang Xiaobo , Lu Pengli , Liang Guangming , Pang Huanying , Wu Qinghua , Gooneratne Ravi , Zhao Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDT‐2 toxin (T‐2) is a potent mycotoxin and a common contaminant of aquatic animal feed, posing a serious risk to health and aquatic animals. We investigated the effect of T‐2 on shrimp muscle proteins using proteomics and conventional biochemical methods. Shrimp were fed a diet containing T‐2 at 0–12.2 mg kg−1 for 20 days, and changes to the muscle protein composition, ATPase activities, and the sulfhydryl (SH) content and hydrophobicity of actomyosin (AM) were determined. A proteomics study of the proteins was conducted with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), two‐dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS).RESULTSExposure to T‐2 markedly affected the muscle protein composition of shrimp in a concentration‐responsive manner that displayed a diphasic effect. At a low T‐2 concentration (1.2 mg kg−1), the levels of three major muscle proteins (myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stroma) increased but at higher concentrations they declined progressively. T‐2 exposure also led to a breakdown of muscle proteins as evidenced by increases in alkali‐soluble protein and the surface hydrophobicity (SoANS) of AM. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were detected, 12 of which showed a concentration‐response relationship with T‐2 exposure. Among them, 11 homologous proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), with several being key enzymes in energy metabolism.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that T‐2 exposure at medium to high concentrations could significantly affect the protein composition and quality of shrimp muscle, and potentially some of its key metabolisms. One of the arginine kinases (spot 27) was particularly responsive to T‐2 and could potentially be used as a biomarker protein for T‐2 intoxication by shrimp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of reciprocating O‐ring seal in the pressure‐balanced oil‐filled wet‐mate electrical connectors for underwater applications
Authors: Han Quan , Chen Haiyang , Yang Wencong , Zhang Yan , Yang Juekuan , Chen Yunfei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe rapidly growing demand for wet‐mate electrical connectors in underwater projects has attracted the attention of researchers in the field. Sealing is the key to underwater connectors. In this paper, the reciprocating O‐ring seal during underwater operations of the pressure‐balanced connectors was studied. A numerical model containing the Reynolds equation, hyperelastic deformation, and asperity contact was used to describe mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) in the O‐ring seal. Results indicate that the friction force of the seal in the connector decreases directly with the increased sealed pressure, and its friction force is smaller than that in the conventionally hydraulic structure. As the sealed pressure increases, the minimum film thickness in the connector increases, which means a better lubrication in the deeper sea. The oil leakage in the connector increases with the sealed pressure, but the increase rate is smaller than that in the hydraulic structure. It proves that the design of pressure‐balanced structure can not only achieve wet‐mate operation at any depth but also facilitate its dynamic sealing performance.
Laser‐Assisted Control of Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abiri Arash , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Maducdoc Marlon , Sahyouni Ronald , Wang Marilene B. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: August 2019

Background and ObjectivesHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease, causes recurrent mucous membrane hemorrhage, especially epistaxis. In this systematic review, we discuss the efficacies of the three most common laser photocoagulation treatments for HHT‐related epistaxis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE from database inception to March 2019. Studies reporting epistaxis outcomes following argon, neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), and diode laser photocoagulation for HHT were included. χ2 and Barnard's exact tests were utilized to detect differences in reduced epistaxis frequency and intensity rates.ResultsFifteen out of 157 published studies met our eligibility criteria, spanning a collective 362 patients. Argon, Nd:YAG, and diode laser therapy reduced epistaxis frequency in 90.4%, 88.9%, and 71.1% of patients, respectively, and reduced epistaxis intensity in 87.8%, 87.2%, and 71.1% of patients, respectively. Diode laser photocoagulation significantly underperformed in both outcome measurements when compared with argon (frequency: P = 0.005; intensity: P = 0.034) and Nd:YAG (frequency: P = 0.012; intensity: P = 0.041). There was no significant difference between argon and Nd:YAG in reducing HHT epistaxis frequency (P = 0.434) or intensity (P = 0.969). Categorizing HHT patients by clinical severity demonstrated a higher rate of improvement in the mild‐moderate group compared with the severe group in both argon (P < 0.001) and Nd:YAG (P < 0.001) therapeutic methods. While no significant differences were found in rates of improved epistaxis outcomes between argon and Nd:YAG in mild‐moderate HHT patients (frequency: P = 0.061; intensity: P = 0.061), Nd:YAG demonstrated greater rates of reduction in epistaxis frequency (P = 0.040) and intensity (P = 0.028) than argon among severe HHT patients.ConclusionsHHT is a lifelong disease, plaguing patients with debilitating epistaxis. Intranasal laser photocoagulation of telangiectasias using argon or Nd:YAG laser therapy can yield improved epistaxis outcomes compared with diode laser photocoagulation. In severe cases of HHT, Nd:YAG laser therapy provides greater improvements in epistaxis outcomes than argon photocoagulation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Aluthge transform of unilateral weighted shifts and the Square Root Problem for finitely atomic measures
Authors: Curto Raúl E. , Kim Jaewoong , Yoon Jasang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider the following Square Root Problem for measures: Given a positive probability Borel measure μ (supported on an interval ), does there exist a positive Borel measure ν such that holds? (Here * denotes the multiplicative convolution, properly defined on .) This problem is intimately connected to the subnormality of the Aluthge transform of a unilateral weighted shift. We develop a criterion to test whether a measure μ admits a square root, and we provide a concrete solution for the case of a finitely atomic measure having at most five atoms. In addition, we sharpen the statement of a previous result on this topic and extend its applicability via a new technique that uses the standard inequality of real numbers to generate a diagram of a partial order on the support of a probability measure.