bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practice survey on blood-borne diseases among dental health care workers in Georgia
Authors: Kochlamazashvili Marika , Kamkamidze George , McNutt Louise-Anne , DeHovitz Jack , Chubinishvili Olga , Butsashvili Maia 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: In Georgia limited data exists about awareness of blood borne-diseases among dental health care workers (DHCW).
Methodology: To assess DHCW knowledge, attitudes and practices related to infection control practice guidelines designed to limit transmission of blood-borne diseases, a cross-sectional study was conducted. All respondents were asked to voluntarily complete a self-administered questionnaire. Doctors of Dental Medicine, nurses, and dental residents were recruited from 13 private and governmental dental units in three large Georgian cities: Tbilisi (the capital city), Batumi (Western Georgia) and Rustavi (Eastern Georgia).
Results: Of 244 DHCWs recruited, 196 (80%) agreed to participate. Nearly 42% DHCWs did not know the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Georgia. Knowledge about risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV and HBV was low; correct response proportions among all DHCWs were 45.3%, 37.9% and 34.2% for these pathogens, respectively. The 59.7% of DHCWs were uninformed about post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Only 37.3% reported being well informed on infection control guidelines. Nearly all (95.6%) DHCWs expressed interest in receiving additional education on occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens.
Conclusions: Overall, the study suggests DHCWs are aware they have insufficient knowledge of universal precautions. There is a need for developing a continuous education program that is accessible to practicing DHCWs.
Financial Attitudes and Behaviors of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine–Pediatrics Residents
Authors: Wong Rachel , Ng Patricia , Bonino John , Gonzaga Alda Maria , Mieczkowski Alexandra E. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Residents graduate from medical school with increasing levels of debt and also may possess poor financial knowledge and practices. Prior studies have assessed resident financial knowledge and interest in financial education, yet additional information regarding their attitudes about personal finance and financial planning could be essential for the development of relevant curricula.

Objective
We assessed baseline financial attitudes and planning behaviors of internal medicine and internal medicine–pediatrics residents in 3 geographically diverse academic programs.

Methods
A modified version of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority National Financial Capability survey was administered anonymously to residents in 3 programs in spring 2017. Outcomes included levels of educational debt, positive financial planning behaviors, perception of finances and debt, and education about personal finance.

Results
Response rate was 62% (184 of 298). Rates of educational debt were high, with 81% (149 of 184) of respondents reporting educational debt, and the majority owing more than $100,000. Residents' financial practices were variable, and residents could be grouped into 1 of 3 categories—concerned-engaged, concerned-unengaged, and unconcerned-unengaged—based on their engagement with debt and financial management. Residents with high debt (&gt; $250,000) had a bimodal distribution of respondents who strongly agreed and those who strongly disagreed they were concerned about debt.

Conclusions
Resident financial attitudes and practices are variable, ranging from highly engaged residents actively managing their financial wellness to unengaged residents who have low concern, despite high educational debt.
UV measurements at Marambio and Ushuaia during 2000–2010
Authors: Lakkala Kaisa , Redondas Alberto , Meinander Outi , Thölix Laura , Hamari Britta , Almansa Antonio Fernando , Carreno Virgilio , García Rosa Delia , Torres Carlos , Deferrari Guillermo , Ochoa Hector , Bernhard Germar , Sanchez Ricardo , de Leeuw Gerrit 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances were measured with NILU-UV
multichannel radiometers at Ushuaia (54∘ S) and Marambio
(64∘ S) between 2000 and 2013. The measurements were part of the
Antarctic NILU-UV network, which was started in cooperation between Spain,
Argentina and Finland. The erythemally weighted UV irradiance time series of
both stations were analysed for the
first time. The quality assurance procedures included a travelling reference
instrument to transfer the irradiance scale to the stations. The time series
were homogenized and high quality measurements were available for the period
2000–2010. During this period UV indices of 11 or more were measured on 5
and 35 days at Marambio and Ushuaia, respectively. At Marambio, the peak
daily maximum UV index of 12 and daily doses of around
7 kJ m−2 were measured in November
2007. The highest UV daily doses at both stations were typically around
6 kJ m−2 and occurred when the stations were inside the polar vortex,
resulting in very low total ozone amount. At both stations, daily doses in
late November could even exceed those in the summer. At Marambio, in some
years, also daily doses in October can be as high as those during the summer.
At Ushuaia, the peak daily maximum UV index of 13 was measured twice: in
November 2003 and 2009. Also during those days, the station of Ushuaia was
inside the polar vortex.
Solar and lunar tides in noctilucent clouds as determined by ground-based lidar
Authors: Fiedler Jens , Baumgarten Gerd 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) occur during summer from midlatitudes to high latitudes. They consist of
nanometer-sized ice particles in an altitude range from 80 to 90 km and are
sensitive to ambient temperature and water vapor content, which makes them a
suitable tracer for variability on all timescales. The data set acquired by
the ALOMAR Rayleigh–Mie–Raman (RMR) lidar covers 21 years and is
investigated regarding tidal signatures in NLCs. For the first time solar and
lunar tidal parameters in NLCs were determined simultaneously from the same
data. Several NLC parameters are subject to persistent mean variations
throughout the solar day as well as the lunar day. Variations with lunar time
are generally smaller compared to variations with solar time. NLC occurrence
frequency shows the most robust imprint of the lunar semidiurnal tide. Its
amplitude is about 50 % of the solar semidiurnal tide, which is
surprisingly large. Phase progressions of NLC occurrence frequency indicate
upward propagating solar tides. Below 84 km altitude the corresponding
vertical wavelengths are between 20 and 30 km. For the lunar semidiurnal
tide phase progressions vary symmetrically with respect to the maximum of the
NLC layer.
Is there an aerosol signature of chemical cloud processing?
Authors: Ervens Barbara , Sorooshian Armin , Aldhaif Abdulmonam M. , Shingler Taylor , Crosbie Ewan , Ziemba Luke , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Wisthaler Armin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The formation of sulfate and secondary organic aerosol mass in the aqueous
phase (aqSOA) of cloud and fog droplets can significantly contribute to
ambient aerosol mass. While tracer compounds give evidence that
aqueous-phase processing occurred, they do not reveal the extent to which
particle properties have been modified in terms of mass, chemical
composition, hygroscopicity, and oxidation state. We analyze data from
several field experiments and model studies for six air mass types (urban,
biogenic, marine, wild fire biomass burning, agricultural biomass burning,
and background air) using aerosol size and composition measurements for
particles 13–850 nm in diameter. We focus on the trends of changes in
mass, hygroscopicity parameter κ, and oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C) ratio
due to chemical cloud processing. We find that the modification of these
parameters upon cloud processing is most evident in urban, marine, and
biogenic air masses, i.e., air masses that are more polluted than very clean
air (background air) but cleaner than heavily polluted plumes as encountered
during biomass burning. Based on these trends, we suggest that the mass
ratio (Rtot) of the potential aerosol sulfate and aqSOA mass to the
initial aerosol mass can be used to predict whether chemical cloud
processing will be detectable. Scenarios in which this ratio exceeds Rtot∼0.5
are the most likely ones in which clouds can significantly
change aerosol parameters. It should be noted that the absolute value of Rtot
depends on the considered size range of particles. Rtot is
dominated by the addition of sulfate (Rsulf) in all scenarios due to
the more efficient conversion of SO2 to sulfate compared to aqSOA
formation from organic gases. As the formation processes of aqSOA are still
poorly understood, the estimate of RaqSOA is likely associated with
large uncertainties. Comparison to Rtot values as calculated for
ambient data at different locations validates the applicability of the
concept to predict a chemical cloud-processing signature in selected air masses.
Quantification of extremal dependence in spatial natural hazard footprints: independence of windstorm gust speeds and its impact on aggregate losses
Authors: Dawkins Laura C. , Stephenson David B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Natural hazards, such as European windstorms, have widespread
effects that result in insured losses at multiple locations throughout a
continent. Multivariate extreme-value statistical models for such
environmental phenomena must therefore accommodate very high dimensional
spatial data, as well as correctly representing dependence in the extremes to
ensure accurate estimation of these losses. Ideally one would employ a
flexible model, able to characterise all forms of extremal dependence.
However, such models are restricted to a few dozen dimensions, hence an a
priori diagnostic approach must be used to identify the dominant form of
extremal dependence. Here, we present various approaches for exploring the dominant extremal
dependence class in very high dimensional spatial hazard fields: tail
dependency measures, copula fits, and conceptual loss distributions. These
approaches are illustrated by application to a data set of high-dimensional
historical European windstorm footprints (6103 spatial maps of 3-day maximum
gust speeds at 14 872 locations). We find there is little evidence of
asymptotic extremal dependency in windstorm footprints. Furthermore,
empirical extremal properties and conceptual losses are shown to be well
reproduced using Gaussian copulas but not by extremally dependent models such
as Gumbel copulas. It is conjectured that the lack of asymptotic dependence
is a generic property of turbulent flows. These results open up the
possibility of using geostatistical Gaussian process models for fast
simulation of windstorm hazard fields.
A 3-year time series of volatile organic iodocarbons in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia: a northwestern Atlantic fjord
Authors: Shi Qiang , Wallace Douglas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We report weekly observations of volatile organic iodocarbons
(CH3I, CH2ClI and CH2I2) over the
time period May 2015 to December 2017 from four depths in Bedford Basin, a
coastal fjord (70 m deep) on the Atlantic coast of Canada. The fjord is
subject to wintertime mixing, seasonal stratification and bloom dynamics,
subsurface oxygen depletion, local input of freshwater, and occasional
intrusions of higher-density water from the adjacent continental shelf.
Near-surface concentrations showed strong seasonal and sub-seasonal
variability, which is compared with other coastal time series. The vertical
variation of CH2I2 and CH2ClI within the upper 10 m is
consistent with rapid photolysis of CH2I2. Average annual
sea-to-air fluxes (46.7 nmol m−2 day−1) of total volatile
organic iodine were similar to those observed in other coastal and shelf
time series, and polyiodinated compounds contributed 80 % of the total flux.
Fluxes were subject to strong interannual variability (a factor of 2)
mainly due to wind speed variability. Near-surface net production of
CH3I averaged 1 pmol L−1 day−1 and was similar to
rates in the English Channel but an order of magnitude higher than in shallow
waters of the Kiel Fjord, Germany, possibly due to higher microbial
degradation in the latter. The near-bottom (60 m) time series showed
evidence of CH3I production associated with organic matter
degradation and a possible “switch” from the production of CH3I via
an alkylation pathway to the production of CH2I2 by a haloform-type
reaction. Near-bottom CH3I production varied strongly between years
but was generally ca. 20 times lower than near-surface production.
Repeat mapping of snow depth across an alpine catchment with RPAS photogrammetry
Authors: Redpath Todd A. N. , Sirguey Pascal , Cullen Nicolas J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Being dynamic in time and space, seasonal snow represents a difficult target
for ongoing in situ measurement and characterisation. Improved understanding
and modelling of the seasonal snowpack requires mapping snow depth at fine
spatial resolution. The potential of remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS)
photogrammetry to resolve spatial variability of snow depth is evaluated
within an alpine catchment of the Pisa Range, New Zealand. Digital surface
models (DSMs) at 0.15 m spatial resolution in autumn (snow-free reference)
winter (2 August 2016) and spring (10 September 2016) allowed mapping of snow
depth via DSM differencing. The consistency and accuracy of the RPAS-derived
surface was assessed by the propagation of check point residuals from the
aero-triangulation of constituent DSMs and via comparison of snow-free
regions of the spring and autumn DSMs. The accuracy of RPAS-derived snow
depth was validated with in situ snow probe measurements. Results for
snow-free areas between DSMs acquired in autumn and spring demonstrate
repeatability yet also reveal that elevation errors follow a distribution
that substantially departs from a normal distribution, symptomatic of the
influence of DSM co-registration and terrain characteristics on vertical
uncertainty. Error propagation saw snow depth mapped with an accuracy of ±0.08 m (90 % c.l.). This is lower than the characterization of
uncertainties on snow-free areas (±0.14 m). Comparisons between RPAS
and in situ snow depth measurements confirm this level of performance of RPAS
photogrammetry while also highlighting the influence of vegetation on snow
depth uncertainty and bias. Semi-variogram analysis revealed that the RPAS
outperformed systematic in situ measurements in resolving fine-scale spatial
variability. Despite limitations accompanying RPAS photogrammetry, which are
relevant to similar applications of surface and volume change analysis, this
study demonstrates a repeatable means of accurately mapping snow depth for an
entire, yet relatively small, hydrological catchment (∼0.4 km2) at very high resolution. Resolving snowpack features
associated with redistribution and preferential accumulation and ablation,
snow depth maps provide geostatistically robust insights into seasonal snow
processes, with unprecedented detail. Such data will enhance understanding of
physical processes controlling spatial distributions of seasonal snow and
their relative importance on varying spatial and temporal scales.
Societal and Political Pressure on Child Protection: The Perspective of Child Protection Professionals
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona , Auglytė Vaida 
Published: November 2018

Although goals of child protection policy are defined by law and the institutional implementation system is in place, the practical protection of the child is not sufficiently effective. Effective child protection is adversely affected by the so-called social (fear of children being subjected to violence) and institutional risk (high workload, excessive bureaucracy, etc.) that arise in the practical process of child protection. The purpose of this article is to investigate the experiences of the children's rights protection specialists (CRPS) during the process of the social risk management, and to characterise the context of social, political and mass media pressure on the CRPS, its impacts and solutions in the daily work of CRPS in Lithuania. Article is based on analysis data of 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews with children's rights protection specialist conducted in 2018 March-April. It has been established that controversial policy goals are being addressed in the field of child protection, which oblige CRPS to preserve a child's family and, at the same time, protect the child from domestic violence. In everyday practice, matching these goals poses many challenges. CRPS experiences a negative attitude from the public, mistrust of their work, the issue of their decisions, accusations and pressures through mass media and politicians who influence on a constant workload and stress. CRPS is confronted with extremely difficult situations in its work only rely on informal support from colleagues and individual strategies for coping with stress. Structured CRPS support tools are not implemented. As a result particularly in the context of public cases specialists remain single, accused and without support. Such work environment encourages employees to burn out, emotional overload, insensitivity, and other factors that reduce work efficiency. It is recommended to implement structural stress-strain strategies that would enable all kinds of support to specialists, help them more objectively look at situations and share decision-making responsibilities. It is very important to form socially responsible journalists, since the publication of negative and inaccurate news only undermines confidence of VTAS, undermines their professionalism, complicates the day-to-day work of child protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21954
The Analysis of Effective Immigrant Integration Policy in Lithuania: Practice and Problems
Authors: Čepeliauskaitė Gabrielė 
Published: November 2018

Immigrant integration policy is one of the most important issues in political discourse and is likely to remain so in the future. The article investigates the effectiveness of immigrant integration policy formation in Lithuania. According to theoretical insights, the general idea of integration includes the national reorganization of social and political areas for the inclusion of new immigrants, when legal, social, cultural and political rights are deliberately expanded for the immigrants in the host country. The analysis of legal documents reveals that the EU-level European Migration Agenda (2015) sets common priorities focusing on highly skilled workers, when at the same time Immigration Policy Guidelines (2008) determines general directions and principles of immigrant integration at the national level. It is necessary to highlight the point that the document does not set a specific goals, objectives, measures or evaluation criteria of immigration policy. The quantitative Eurostat (2016), European Migration Network (2017) and Statistics Lithuania (2004–2017) data analysis showed that among the EU member states Lithuania's attractiveness for immigrants is low and the implementation of immigration policy can not create a counterweight to the aging population and large emigration. In conclusion, the Immigration Policy Guidelines (2008) provided at national level are not sufficiently specific and clear to ensure effective integration of immigrants in Lithuania.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21956
Higher Education Policy in Independent Lithuania (1990–2018): Between Local and Global Public Policy Factors
Authors: Miseliūnaitė Brigita , Vaidelytė Eglė 
Published: November 2018

The article analyses the development of Higher Education Policy in independent Lithuania (1990-2018). The analysis is dwelling on the results of qualitative research conducted in 2018 with a focus on local national and global neoliberal public policy factors that have impact on higher education policy development, as well as Lithuanian education policy issues and it’s funding system. The empirical evidence revealed that higher education policy in Lithuania is highly influenced by global neoliberal public policy, however, the biggest higher education development problems are related to the local political factors: financial resources, political parties, the lack of sustainable higher education strategy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21957
Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma
Authors: Skala Stephanie L. , Hristov Boris , Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: November 2018

Context.—Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma that is limited to the skin at diagnosis. It has a differential diagnosis that includes systemic/nodal follicular lymphoma secondarily involving the skin; primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type; reactive lymphoid hyperplasia; and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma.Objective.—To review the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma; its differential diagnosis; and the evidence that supports use of immunohistochemistry and genetic testing in the diagnosis and prognosis of this entity.Data Sources.—Pertinent literature regarding cutaneous B-cell lymphomas is summarized and University of Michigan cases are used to highlight characteristics of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.Conclusions.—Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma with distinctive features, although some cases may have elements that overlap with other lymphomas, complicating interpretation.
THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLYING OF ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVES FOR FUEL AND OIL
Authors: Alexanyan K.G. , Stokolos O.A. , Solodova E.V. , Zaytceva Y.N. , Salmanov S. Y. , Yarullin N.R. , Naletova A.V. , Mikhailov E.R. 
Published: November 2018

The history of development and improvement of antioxidant additives develops and changes as the development of the engineering industry and in petrochemistry. This article describes the importance of additives for fuels and oils. The requirements for the quality of fuel have become much stricter, in connection with both environmental requirements and the requirements for the operation of the car. As a rule, new additives are developed because the technology is improved and developed and because of environmental standards become more stringent. The article presents the proposed mechanism of action of additives in the fuel. Today, there is a trend in the production of engines that operate at higher temperatures and it expects that the content of antioxidant additives will grow, and it will be use in the systems with higher temperatures. Analysis of world literature over the past 30 years has shown that in the process of creating effective additives for fuels and oils, the possibility of using numerous organic compounds for this purpose was a investigated. The possibility of using for this purpose numerous organic compounds was used. Without exaggeration, we can say that all classes of organic compounds containing various functional groups are used like additives. As an effective antioxidant additive for fuels and oils is phenol-type additives and alkylphenol isomers. It’s effect depends on the position of the alkyl radical in the benzene ring, significantly improve the performance, since the mechanism of action (radical-type antioxidants) is to transfer the free radical from the active peroxide molecule to the phenol molecule to form a low-active, highly shielded radical on the oxygen atom of phenol.
For citation:
Alexanyan K.G., Stokolos O.A., Solodova E.V., Zaytseva Y.N., Salmanov S.Yu., Yarullin N.R., Naletova A.V., Mikhailov E.R. History of development and applying of antioxidant additives for fuel and oil. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 120-125