bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of The Formulation of Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma cacao L.) Based Botanical Fungicides on Fusarium Wilt Disease on Tomato Plants
Authors: Rachmawaty  , Mu’nisa Andi , Hiola Siti Fatmah , Ali Alimuddin , Hasri  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of botanical fungicide formulations of cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) on the intensity of fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The research was carried out at the Biology Experimental Laboratory in Universitas Negeri Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments, namely KSH (control of health treatment without treatment), KSK (control of sick plants treated F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy), BSTR (benomyl + treatment of F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy). EKBK (treatment of cacao pod husk extract + treatment of F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy). The EKBK treatment used cacao pod husk extract with 3 types of concentration, namely: 2% (v/v); 5% (v/v); and 8% (v/v). Each treatment consisted of 10 replications so that the total number was 60 experiment units. Observations included the number of yellowing and deciduous leaves due to the Fusarium oxysporum attack on tomato plants. The results showed that botanical fungicides from cacao pod husk extract were able to reduce the intensity of fusarium wilt attacks. At a concentration of 2% (v/v) tomato plants that were attacked by fusarium wilt by 54%; concentration of 5% (v/v) of tomato plants attacked by fusarium wilt at 34.5%; and a concentration of 8% (v/v) of tomato plants attacked by fusarium wilt at 23.8%. The results obtained showed that the intensity of the attacks that occurred in the use of botanical fungicides from cacao pod husk extract was lower than the use of synthetic fungicides (benomyl) which was equal to 39.0%.
Factors Affecting the Integration of ICT in Education
Authors: Sokku Saharuddin Ronge , Anwar Misita 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims to find the factors that influence the integration of ICT in learning by high school teachers throughout Makassar. This study is the result of preliminary research conducted on five schools as a sample. The method is surveyed. Sampling was conducted on 134 subject teachers. The results of this survey show several factors that influence, among others; factors of vision and personal perception, the competence of teachers, lack of time, lack of resources, and lack of electronic-based learning resources.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities from a Combination of Swietenia mahagoni seed Extract and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
Authors: Hartati  , Idris Irma Suryani , Karim Hilda , Pagarra Halifah , Rachmawaty  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstrak. This study aims to investigation the effect of a combination of Swietenia mahagoni seed extracts with virgin coconut oil (VCO) on antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in vitro. The extraction process was carried out using soxhlet with ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity were tested for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity combination extracts Swietenia mahagoni and VCO was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The results of the study showed that the combination of S. mahagoni seed extract with VCO at the same ratio were found to be active againts the microbial tested. The combination of S. mahagoni seed extract and VCO similar ratio also showed high antioxidant activity compared to other formulation.
Detection of Cosmic Rays from ground: an Introduction
Authors: Sciascio Giuseppe Di 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cosmic rays are the most outstanding example of accelerated particles. They are about 1% of the total mass of the Universe, so that cosmic rays would represent by far the most important energy transformation process of the Universe. Despite large progresses in building new detectors and in the analysis techniques, the key questions concerning origin, acceleration and propagation of the radiation are still open. One of the reasons is that there are significant discrepancies among the different results obtained by experiments located at ground probably due to unknown systematic errors affecting the measurements.
In this note we will focus on detection of Galactic CRs from ground with EAS arrays. This is not a place for a complete review of CR physics (for which we recommend, for instance [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) but only to provide elements useful to understand the basic techniques used in reconstructing primary particle characteristics (energy, mass and arrival direction) from ground, and to show why indirect measurements are difficult and results still conflicting.
Multi-messenger observations with cosmic rays, gamma-rays and neutrinos, present status and future perspectives
Authors: Semikoz D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In lectures presented at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school I summarised the status and expectations of the multi-messenger astroparticle physics observations using astrophysical neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma-rays. In this lectures I presented a summary of existing observations as well as an interpretation of the results.
Jet-film contact devices for heat and mass transfer processes in heat power engineering
Authors: Dmitriev A V , Khafizova A I , Dmitrieva O S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the main production processes for many branches of industry is cooling of recycled\circulating water, which takes place in the cooling towers. The most important parameter to determine the cooling efficiency of water in the cooling tower is the contact surface of air and water. The existing designs of contact devices are highly effective in cooling the liquid, but they are complex to manufacture and expensive. In this regard, a new design of the jet-film contact device was developed, which allows creating a highly developed contact surface of liquid and gas phases. Mathematical model of the element of jet-film contact device was built by means of specialized software package and numerical calculations were carried out. Paper includes the study of behaviour of liquid and gas phases in the device element, and the mathematical dependences were obtained. Dependency of the liquid entrainment from device when changing the water flow rate was studied. Also, the comparison of designs with different location of holes within the wall elements was also carried out. Modernization of the studied jetfilm contact device was carried out in order to identify the direction which to follow for improvement of design properties. This paper proposes an engineering method for calculating the jet-film contact device.
Efficiency of application of various layout arrangements of oil-gas burners in thermal power plant boilers
Authors: Taymarov M A , Akhmetova R V , Akhmetov E A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The necessary intensity of burning and completeness of fuel burning out in furnace volume are reached by the correct supply organization and the subsequent mixture of fuel with secondary air that is provided with burner devices. Experimental research of fuel oil and gas combustion efficiency in boiler furnaces of thermal power plant has shown that, the peripheral axial twist executed in the form of two channels with axial scapular air rotator is preferable. The combined gas supply is perspective: tubular peripheral and pilot central. For fuel oil combustion at large expenses the most effective burning is reached due to application of steam-mechanical nozzles which main lack is the considerable length of a torch. The two-tiered arrangement of burners in boiler at combustion of gas and fuel oil is more effective, in comparison with single-tier, both at the counter direction, and at unilateral frontal. For increasing the efficiency of combustion of fuel at some burners types in a boiler furnace the ascending vertical rotation of a torch can be created by the asymmetrical counter arrangement of burners of the first and second tiers. Use of the smoke exhauster of gases recirculation for reduction of harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides with boilers flue gases gives bigger effect in comparison with optimization of the choice of a layout arrangement of burners and parameter of a twist.
Approximate analytical solution to the stationary two-dimensional heat conduction problem on infinite bar with the source of heat
Authors: Tkachev V K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An approximate analytical solution to the boundary-value heat conduction problem for an infinite bar with a heat source was obtained with the use of the integral method of heat balance, by introducing a complementary required function and complementary boundary conditions. The boundary - value problem for a partial differential equation is reduced to an ordinary differential equation with respect to this function due to the complementary required function that characterizes the change in temperature along the axis of symmetry in the cross-section of the bar. The complementary boundary conditions determined by the initial differential equation and the given boundary conditions are found so that their satisfaction is equivalent to the solution of the initial equation of the boundary value problem at the boundary points. The fulfilment of the equation at the boundary points as well as the heat balance integral results in the fulfilment of the initial equation inside the domain. The approximate analytical solution obtained can be used to identify the amount of internal heat generated by various production processes (vibration and deformation loads, electromagnetic fields effects, etc.) in thermal and nuclear power plants, in the rocket and space industry and other industrial facilities.
Three-phase current sensor for motor protection against turn-to-turn and phase-to-phase short circuits
Authors: Ishmukhamedov I K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main causes of electric motor failures are transients at power supply interruption and short circuit in stator windings. Most of the failures are due to short circuits. Phase-to-phase short circuits refer to the most severe damage of electrical installations, which are also dangerous for other intact electric consumers. Therefore, electrical plants require a high-speed protection against phase-to-phase short circuits in the stator windings and connections with the commutator. The most difficult to detect are turn-to-turn (or inter-turn) faults in stator windings, especially when a small number of winding turns is shorted. Currently, there is no standard way to detect turn-to-turn short circuits in stator windings. It is difficult to detect turn-to-turn fault in magnitude of phase currents, so it is complicated to provide sufficient protection sensitivity. Thus, the development of new protection devices for detect turn-to-turn short circuit is considered relevant. The article presents a three-phase current sensor based on measuring the magnetic field from the three phases simultaneously. This method will identify turn-to-turn and phase-to-phase short circuits by magnetic-field pattern. The presented method increases the protection sensitivity and speed of protection response. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by mathematical modeling.
Adaptive correction of current longitudinal differential protection of power equipment
Authors: Popov M G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The report reflects the long-term solutions for the modernization of main means of emergency control and protection of integrated power systems in the implementation of adaptive control algorithms. The substantiation of new structures and algorithms for the formation of corrective signals using non-stationary filters of the displacement current of overhead power lines is performed. Calculated, using the bias currents of the phases are used for dynamic correction of the working and brake signals of the longitudinal differential protection. The basis of adaptive means of differential protection of power equipment of power systems is developed. They are based on the use of adaptive correction of operating and brake protection signals. A mathematical description of the optimization problem of determining the response parameters of sensitive longitudinal current differential protection with adaptive correction of operating and braking signals is performed.
The increasing of the energy efficiency of nuclear power plants with fast neutron reactors by utilizing waste heat using heat pumps
Authors: Kostarev V S , Tashlykov O L , Klimova V A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Today, an important task for the economy is to increase the efficiency of using primary fuel. At present, for nuclear power plants with VVER reactors, thermal efficiency is about 33%, with fast neutron reactors - more than 40%. This means that most of the heat produced is released into the atmosphere. In this paper, we consider methods to solve the problem of increasing energy efficiency by the example of NPPs with fast neutron reactors due to the utilization of low-grade waste heat. The results of practical implementation of utilization of low-potential thermal energy of thermal and nuclear power plants using heat pumps were generalized. The analysis of the utilization efficiency of waste heat from various NPP systems was performed.
Improving the efficiency of flue gas desulphurization of TPS
Authors: Rikker Yu O , Kobylkin M V , Batukhtin A G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The effects of sulfur oxides on the environment and human health have negative consequences. A significant amount of sulfur oxides is emitted into the air with flue gases from the TPS. Modern Russian TPS are not equipped with sulfur-trapping units due to their significant cost. The study is devoted to the research of low-cost methods that increase the efficiency of the flue gas desulphurisation process at coal-fired TPS. Existing methods are considered from the perspective of the presence of advantages and disadvantages. The potential of the use of purge water from boilers for flue gas desulfurization of TPS.
Parametric optimization of an architectural object’s form as a method to improve its energy efficiency
Authors: Vasilenko N A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Parametric optimization of an architectural object’s form is one of the design tasks, which architects and project designers face at the stage of structural concept development and design. Improving the performance qualities of a design solution, while providing its energy efficiency, is the purpose of system research in the sphere of architecture and urban planning. The article gives the comparison of calculated compactness ratios of the external envelope for one-, two- and three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-storey 6-apartment compact-form residential houses, comparable in the floor surface area criterion. The application of BEM software packages on the basis of BIM-modeling of buildings is reasonable to substantiate with the optimal functional (consumer) properties of an architectural object. Systematic methodology allows considering the architectural and design problems in the interdisciplinary way. Computer modeling of architectural objects should solve the optimization tasks on the basis of version design and contain an optimization module, which would allow taking the optimal decision at the specified design constraints (conditions) and normative parameters. Computer modeling of architectural objects with the use of structural optimization methods for the version design is a promising area, which requires the formalization of project procedures and developing automated design system tools for designing buildings of various purposes.
Development and research of low pressure injection burner for biogas combustion
Authors: Suslov D Y , Ramazanov R S , Temnikov D O , Lobanov I V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the problem of using an alternative energy source – biogas in gas supply systems. A low pressure injection burner with a conical shaped heat diffuser has been designed. A diffuser placed in the burner body provides preheating of the gas-air mixture and allows to increase a flame propagation velocity. A computer simulation of the gas-air mixing process in a body has been made for 3 types of burners: without a diffuser, with a diffuser of 11 mm and 25.5 mm long. As follows from the simulation, 11mm diffuser has no adverse effect on the gas-air mixing process. While an increasing length of the diffuser up to 25.5mm leads to the decreasing cross-section area of a mixing chamber, therefore increasing air-gas mixture rate and methane concentration in the flame holes. Experimental tests have been performed in relation to biogas combustion process for those 3 types of burners. Experimental results proved that placement of 11mm diffuser in a burner body reduces the time for heating water in the tank up to 100°C by 6% (45.41 s). 25.5 mm diffuser reduces the heating time by 1.5% more (11.37 s). Thus, we can make a conclusion that the presence of a diffuser in the burner body increases a flame propagation velocity and a heat rate of the burner.
Analysis of the environmental factors influence on the efficiency of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Zatsarinnaya J N , Amirov D I , Zemskova LV 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of civilization is associated with the creation of various methods of energy conversion. Humanity has come a long way from the water wheel to modern power plants. Though earlier people did not think about the damage to the environment from the work of a number of power plants, today this cannot be ignored. Renewable energy sources (RES) and their using by modern technologies claim to play a significant role in the world energy sector. Support for the development of RES in Russia is currently based on compensation of costs under contracts for the sale of power in the wholesale electricity and power market. According to the results of the competition of the Trading System Administrator, projects under the contracts for renewable energy power supply selected. Analysis of bids of the Trading System Administrator (TSA) showed that until 2023 will be introduced 1.8 GW of solar power plants, so the actual goal will be the correct operation of them in the weather conditions of Russia. Pollution of various types, which can be on the panels can affect the operation of solar panels (SP) and prevent the ingress of solar radiation on them. The article investigates the influence of various types of pollutants on the power generated by solar panels and promising places for the construction of solar plants in the climatic and geographical conditions of Russia, taking into account possible polluting factors, which can lead to total economic damage of up to 15 million rubles per year.
Optimization of power output for a wind turbine using methods of artificial intelligence
Authors: Zubova N V , Rudykh V D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Percentage of wind energy in worldwide power generation increases year after year. At the present time, problems of increasing the energy efficiency of wind turbines (WT) and optimization of WT power output are of great importance due to instability of wind energy. It stimulates the development, investigation and using of intelligent systems for controlling operating regimes of wind turbines. Such systems also involve those systems that are developed using algorithms based on fuzzy logic. This paper presents the results of investigations devoted to searching for optimal membership functions for fuzzy sets of input and output variables. These variables and membership functions are used in fuzzy algorithms developed for enhancing power output of wind turbines under the given operating conditions. After analyzing the obtained results, it may be concluded that the use of symmetrical Gaussian membership functions gives the fastest convergence of the optimal power into the point.
Effect of aluminum additives on the ignition of tungsten–teflon mixtures
Authors: Alymov M I , Vadchenko S G , Gordopolova I S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis and studies of combustion and structure formation of products were carried out in the powder mixtures of tungsten and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon, Tf) with aluminum additives. The mixture components were selected to fabricate high-density condensed products with high ignition temperature. Aluminum was used as an energetic additive accelerating the ignition process and increasing the mixture combustion temperature. In mixtures, a tungsten/Tf ratio was fixed; the aluminum content was varied according to the formula (1 − x)(0.8W + 0.2Tf) + xAl = const. Mechanically activated mixtures were pressed into the samples and heated in special crucible with controlled heating rate. It was shown that an increase in the heating rate changes insignificantly the ignition temperature of systems, but strongly affects the structure of combustion products. The ignition and combustion of compositions with low aluminum content results a large volume of gaseous products, which fly apart or form a high-porous structure. At high Al concentration, the results of experiments and thermodynamic calculations are sufficiently different that can be explained by the lack of thermodynamic data on tungsten aluminides in the used program and by the fact that real conditions of reaction are far from equilibrium and adiabatic ones. The calculated and experimental data showed that the optimal aluminum content to form melted products with a high density (ρ(W2C) = 17.2 g/cm3) is about 10 wt %. At high Al concentration, the main combustion product (tungsten aluminide WAl4) has the lower density (ρ(WAl4) = 6.6 g/cm3) that is insufficiently for practical application.
X-ray powder diffraction analysis of a tungsten carbide-based ceramic
Authors: Andreev P V , Smetanina K E , Lantsev E A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The results of the qualitative and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the W–C system samples are presented. Powder samples were nanopowders of α-WC/W2C obtained by plasma chemical synthesis. High-density fine-grained structure of ceramics was formed using the method of electro pulse plasma sintering (spark plasma sintering) from the initial powder of the α-WC. The optimal experimental conditions for the X-ray diffraction proceeding of the tungsten carbide based ceramic samples were chosen according to the preliminary experiments. Reference intensity ratio method for quantitative phase analysis was used in this study.
Application of the “Brazilian test” to determine the strength of materials obtained by electric pulse consolidation of powders
Authors: Goltsev V Y , Grigor’ev E G , Gribov N A , Osintsev A V , Plotnikov A S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Testing of short cylinders according to the “Brazilian test” scheme is considered as a method of assessing the tensile strength of brittle materials obtained by electric pulse
consolidation of powders. The paper presents a calculated using FEM and an experimental analysis of the behavior of short cylinders (thick disks) when loaded according to the “Brazilian test” scheme. The calculation shows the weak influence of the disk thickness on the average and maximum tensile stresses in the plane of symmetry of the disk. Results of testing of small samples made of cast iron and graphite are presented. It is shown a good correspondence between the results of the test samples from cast iron when using formula recommended by the ASTM Standard D3967-95a, and the strength of the material when tested in tension. The results of testing samples of graphite were 1.5–2 times less than its tensile strength. The results of testing of small-size samples of heavy alloy WNiFe and aluminum oxide obtained by electric pulse consolidation of powders are presented. The influence of the pressure and current pulse on the fracture resistance of the alloy WNiFe and the sample thickness on the strength of Al2O3 is investigated. Thus, the possibility of testing small samples according to the “Brazilian test” scheme to determine the tensile strength of materials obtained by electric pulse consolidation of powders is demonstrated.