bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock Slope Stability Assessment Using Geomechanical Classification and its Application for Specific Slopes along Kodaikkanal-Palani Hill Road, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Sujatha Evangelin Ramani , Thirukumaran V. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Linear infrastructure networks like roads play a vital role in the socio-economic development of hill towns centered on tourism. Stability of the slopes along the hill roads are therefore a major concern and slope failures lead to disruption of traffic and loss of property/life or both. This study analyses the stability of cut-slopes along the Kodaikkanal – Palani hill road in the Western Ghats, India using rock mass classification systems like rock mass rating (RMR), slope mass rating (SMR) and continuous slope mass rating (CSMR). These geomechanical classifications provide a preliminary assessment of rock quality based on rock strength, discontinuity properties, hydrogeological condition of the slopes and slope stability based on the inherent rock strength parameters, discontinuity orientation and method of excavation. The results showed that both rock quality and discontinuity orientation contribute to type of failure in rock slopes with RMR &gt; 40. SMR results are conservative while CSMR classification is matches more closely to the failures obtained from the field survey. CSMR classification represents continuous slope stability conditions and hence are more suitable for development of spatial database. Cutting of roads, thereby, steepening slopes has a definite influence on the stability of slopes.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Huntite Deposits in the Egirdir-Hoyran Lake Basin of Southern Turkey
Authors: Kuscu Mustafa , Cengiz Oya , Kahya Asuman 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
&gt;The sediment-hosted huntite-magnesite deposits are located in the Egirdir-Hoyran lake basin in the Isparta Angle (southern Turkey). The deposits occur at two different localities in the region: (1)Kemersirti huntite deposit, (2) Köytepe huntite-magnesite deposit. The huntite-magnesite occurrences are found in shallow lacustrine rocks of the Miocene-Pliocene Kizilcik Formation and formed as a result of Neogene tectonic activity. Based on X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies, the mineral assemblage of huntite deposits contains mostly huntite, less magnesite, dolomite, very little calcite, illite, simectite, brucite, and quartz in the Kemersirti area but contain huntite, magnesite, dolomite, and calcite in the Köytepe area.
In the huntite and magnesite-bearing huntite samples, MgO varies from 32.70 to 37.95 wt. %, CaO from 7.83 to 15.10 w.t. %, and SiO2 from 0.99 to 10.60 w.t. %. Ba and Sr are dominant minor elements in the deposits. Ba and Sr for huntite and magnesite bearing huntite in the study area vary from 11 to 233 ppm and from 325 to 765 ppm, respectively. As, U, Zr, V and Ce contents ranged from 11.5-146 ppm, 0.5-3.7 ppm, 1.4-13.2 ppm, 7-34 ppm, and 0.9-2.7 ppm respectively. The huntite-magnesite is characterized by relatively lower Ni (0.5-2.4 ppm) and Co (0.5-1.1 ppm) contents. The huntite and magnesite-bearing huntite occurrences have higher Ba, Sr, As, Zr, V, and U contents than those of the other elements. The δ13C isotope values vary between 7.8‰ to 8.8‰ PDB for huntite+magnesite, 8.2‰ PDB for huntite, 1.4‰ PDB for magnesite+dolomite, and 4.0‰ PDB for limestone from deposits in the study area. The δ18O isotope values of the huntite deposits ranged from 30.4 to 35.5‰ SMOW for huntite+magnesite, 32.4‰ SMOW for huntite, 29.8‰ SMOW for magnesite+ dolomite, and 26.9‰ SMOW for limestone.
The presence of nodular huntite and the abundance of gastropod, ostracoda and Chura shells in the carbonate units indicate that the huntite occurrences are precipitated at shallow, alkaline (8.5-9.5 pH) and lower temperature (approximately 25°C) lake conditions. The Mg++, Ca++ and Si++ ions for the huntite formation were derived from the surrounding rocks such as ultrabasic rocks, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and limestone in the Egirdir-Hoyran lake basin. Also, the C isotope ratios indicate that the CO2 source for the huntite formations results to sedimentary basin from metamorphic CO2, carbonate rocks, fresh water carbonates, and ground water. The source of oxygen for the huntite formation may come from marine limestone, fresh water carbonates and meteoric water.
MODELLING AND ESTIMATING INDIVIDUAL AND FIRM EFFECTS WITH COUNT PANEL DATA
Authors: Angers Jean-François , Desjardins Denise , Dionne Georges , Guertin François 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe propose a new parametric model for the modelling and estimation of event distributions for individuals in different firms. The analysis uses panel data and takes into account individual and firm effects in a non-linear model. Non-observable factors are treated as random effects. In our application, the distribution of accidents is affected by observable and non-observable factors from vehicles, drivers and fleets of vehicles. Observable and unobservable factors are significant to explain road accidents, which mean that insurance pricing should take into account all these factors. A fixed effects model is also estimated to test the consistency of the random effects model.
Academic Standards or Academic Imperialism? Zimbabwean perceptions of hegemonic power in the global construction of knowledge
Authors: Jeater Diana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:University cultures in the Global North generate powerful definitions of what constitutes “knowledge” and “good research.” When we ask who gets to represent the “African perspective,” we find it is decreasingly an African. This article argues that resource inequalities alone cannot explain this exclusion of African scholarship. Hegemonic academic standards undervalue the more positivist research orientation found in southern African universities. The struggle is not over the validity of that orientation, but over who has the power to validate it. This analysis is based upon interviews with senior university research managers in Zimbabwe and on a public roundtable on Structural Inequalities in Global Academic Publishing.
A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhang Ping , Zhang Zhigang , Fan Lidong , Tang Shuo , Hu Kunpeng , Xiao Nan , Li Shuguang 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed and assessed publication trends in articles on “disaster medicine,” using scientometric analysis. Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters on March 27, 2017. A total of 564 publications on disaster medicine were identified. There was a mild increase in the number of articles on disaster medicine from 2008 (n=55) to 2016 (n=83). Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness published the most articles, the majority of articles were published in the United States, and the leading institute was Tohoku University. F. Della Corte, M. D. Christian, and P. L. Ingrassia were the top authors on the topic, and the field of public health generated the most publications. Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:165–172)
Entrepreneurship as worship: A Malay Muslim perspective
Authors: Sidek Farhana , Pavlovich Kathryn , Gibb Jenny 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.6 billion Muslims, there are variations in the interpretations of that law (i.e., Sharia). This diversity and variation may hold the key in explaining the different behaviours among Muslim entrepreneurs because of their views on the concept of work as worship. In this study, we examine how Malay entrepreneurs are guided in their sourcing and shaping of entrepreneurial opportunities through Shafii practice. Our contributions include identifying five central values that guided the participant’s sourcing of opportunities: Fardhu Kifayah (communal obligation), Wasatiyyah (balanced), Dakwah1 (the call of joining the good and forbidding the bad), Amanah (trust), and Barakah (blessings). We also contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating how these macro-level values of worship gave the entrepreneurs confidence in creating their new ventures.
Emotions and failure in academic life: Normalising the experience and building resilience
Authors: Edwards Marissa S , Ashkanasy Neal M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile a wealth of evidence exists about failure in organisational settings and the emotions evoked by failure, researchers have paid less attention to failure and its related emotional consequences in academic life. Given that failure is often a cause of significant stress, which in turn can lead to damaging consequences, we argue that this is an issue deserving of greater consideration. In this article, we adopt Ashkanasy’s five-level model of emotion in organisations, and explore the potential role of emotions in academics’ experiences of failure at five levels: within-person, between-persons, interpersonal interactions, groups and teams (and leadership), and organisation-wide. In doing so, we draw on findings from scholarly literature, anecdotal evidence, and our own experiences as academics to build arguments. Following discussion of the model, we suggest how academics might begin to normalise the experience of failure in academia and to build resilience in the coming generations of young scholars.
Monitoring and simulation of hydrothermal conditions indicating the deteriorating stability of a perennially frozen moraine dam in the Himalayas
Authors: WANG XIN , YANG CHENGDE , ZHANG YANLIN , CHAI KAILGUO , LIU SHIYIN , DING YONGJIAN , WEI JUNFENG , ZHANG YONG , HAN YONGSHUN 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThermal and hydrological dynamics and their impacts on the stability of a moraine dam were analyzed and simulated for the Longbasaba Lake in the Himalaya, based on soil temperature, moisture and heat flux data observed at different depths in the dam from 2012 to 2016. Annual average heat income is greater than heat expenditure on the dam surface. The mean annual temperature at observed the depths of 0–150 cm is >0°C, although the average annual air temperature was −3.6°C over the dam, indicating a relatively larger temperature difference between moraine dam and air. The volumetric soil moisture content is relatively low with an annual average of 5%, peaking after the snow cover melting and active layer thawing. Simulation results indicate that the average yearly maximum thawing depth has been ~0.3 m deeper than the average yearly maximum freezing depth during the observation period. In the past 55 years, the yearly maximum thawing depth has increased, while yearly maximum freezing depth has decreased, implying that the permafrost in the dam has been deteriorating. The annual surplus heat and increasing permafrost thawing depth will result in further deterioration of permafrost and melting of buried ice in the dam, thereby decreasing its stability.
Effects of Callistemon citrinus aqueous extract on prepatent and patent infections with Schistosoma mansoni in experimentally infected mice
Authors: El-Refai S.A. , Atia A.F. , Mahmoud S.F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating parasitic disease that causes hepatic damage and is known to be endemic in developing countries. Recent control strategies for schistosomiasis depend exclusively on chemotherapeutic agents, specifically praziquantel. Unfortunately, praziquantel has low efficacy in the early phase of infection, and resistance to treatment is increasingly reported. The aim of this work was to find an alternative treatment by assessing thein vivoactivity of aqueous extract ofCallistemon citrinusagainstSchistosoma mansoniin both prepatent and patent phases in experimentally infected mice. The study was conducted on 80 male BALB/c albino mice divided into eight groups.Callistemonwas administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg on days 14 and 45 post infection as a single therapy and in combination with praziquantel. Porto-mesenteric worm burden, hepatic and intestinal egg counts, hepatic granuloma number and diameter, and oogram pattern were assessed to evaluate the anti-schistosomal properties ofC. citrinus. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin were tested to assess hepatoprotective effects. Results revealed that the use ofC. citrinuswas associated with a significant decrease in worm burden and tissue egg load together with an increased percentage of dead eggs. In addition, there was a significant reduction in granuloma formation.Callistemonalso led to a significant improvement in liver function. The best results were obtained whenC. citrinuswas given in the prepatent phase of infection and when combined with praziquantel. Although the effects ofC. citrinusare considered to be promising, further studies using different extracts, active ingredients and doses are needed.
Is captive breeding a priority for manatee conservation in Mexico?
Authors: Ortega-Argueta Alejandro , Castelblanco-Martínez Delma Nataly 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Endangered Antillean manateeTrichechus manatus manatusis one of the most threatened aquatic mammal species in Mexico and the wider Caribbean region. The decline of this subspecies is mainly a result of historical exploitation and the impact of current coastal development. The conservation strategies adopted for the Antillean manatee include habitat protection, reduction of the most severe threats, and the rescue of stranded, orphaned or injured individuals and their management in captivity. This latter strategy has produced positive outcomes in some countries but has been the subject of controversy in others, including Mexico. We analyse the benefits and challenges associated with the management of captive manatees in Mexico, and the consequences of a lack of government policy and strategy for the post-rehabilitation release of individuals. We describe the evolution of this controversy from 1997–2017 in Mexico, analyse the consequences and implications for the conservation of the species, and propose an integrated management strategy that could address the issues raised. Although this strategy has been developed in the context of Mexico, it is applicable to management of this species across the Caribbean region.
Relative contributions of recommended food environment policies to improve population nutrition: results from a Delphi study with international food policy experts
Authors: Mahesh Rewena , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Dominick Clare , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine weightings for the relative contributions of nineteen widely recommended good practice food environment policies to improve population nutrition, based on evidence of effectiveness and expert ratings, to facilitate benchmarking of the implementation of food environment policies globally.DesignA two-round Delphi study was performed in 2015, whereby international food policy experts (nRound127,nRound221) compared effectiveness of all possible pairs of policy domains and good practice policies within domains to improve population nutrition according to the Saaty scale (1 to 9). Weightings for each domain and policy were derived from expert ratings based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method.SettingInternational.SubjectsFood policy experts.ResultsOut of the seven policy domains, Food Prices and Food Promotion received the highest weightings for impact on improving population nutrition, while Food Trade received the lowest weighting. Among the nineteen specific policies, taxing unhealthy foods (3·8 (0·7)), healthy food provision in schools (2·8 (0·4)) and minimizing taxes on healthy foods (2·6 (0·4)) were given the highest weightings, while nutrient declarations on packaged foods (1·2 (0·2)) and healthy food policies in private-sector workplaces (1·0 (0·2)) received the lowest weightings (mean (95 % CI)).ConclusionsExpert-derived weightings on the relative contributions of recommended food environment policies to improve population nutrition will facilitate monitoring and benchmarking the implementation of these policies by governments among countries globally. Additional weightings for contributions of policies to reducing nutrition inequalities and improving consumer and child rights could be developed in the future.
Bandpass filters with N + 1 transmission zeros using λ/4 resonator and λ/2 resonator
Authors: Lu Di , Tang Xiao-Hong , Barker N. Scott 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present paper presents a novel method to cope with the difficulty that an N-order filter can introduce a maximum number of transmission zeros (TZs) – no more than N. The method is described by a coupling topology and realized by a regular fully canonical filter structure to increase one more TZ for an N-order filter without any filter size increase. Besides, the TZ shift property, as another advantage of the proposed topology, is investigated. The coupling topology consists of a group of fully canonical coupling nodes with the harmonic node (non-resonating node (NRN)) excited by a λ/4 resonator. Owing to the unique coupling topology and coupling node distribution as well as the inclusion of an NRN, N + 1 TZs are generated by an N-order bandpass filter, while all the TZs are close to the passband and far away from the harmonic passband resulting the highly selective passbands. For demonstration, two-, three-, and four-order filters are designed and measured with the experimental results that confirm the proposed technique.
Tale of Two Storms: Impact of Extreme Rain Events on the Biogeochemistry of Lake Superior
Authors: Cooney Ellen M. , McKinney Paul , Sterner Robert , Small Gaston E. , Minor Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate change is expected to profoundly affect the Great Lakes region of North America. An increase in intensity and frequency of rain events is anticipated to deliver more runoff and to increase riverine inputs to Lake Superior's ecosystem. The effects of these changes on key biogeochemical parameters were analyzed by coupling satellite data, water column sensor profiles, and discrete surface‐water sampling after two “500‐year” flood events in the Lake Superior basin. This study provides both a spatial and a temporal sense of how plumes interacted within the ecosystem. We also determined the significant differences in water quality parameters for plume versus nonplume waters. These two plumes were important for delivery of nutrients, with variable transport of sediments and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Data from the 2012 storm event showed a significant input of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and CDOM to the system. In the 2016 storm event, carbon cycling parameters (acidity, total inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon) and ammonia levels were elevated within the plume. In neither storm event was there a significant difference in chlorophyll a between plume and nonplume waters during our sampling cruises. These two plume events were similar in amount of precipitation, but their effect on the biogeochemistry of Lake Superior varied due to differences in the watersheds where the rain fell. The studied plume events were dynamic, changing with currents, winds, and the settling of suspended sediments.
Upwelling of Macronutrients and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon by a Subglacial Freshwater Driven Plume in Bowdoin Fjord, Northwestern Greenland
Authors: Kanna Naoya , Sugiyama Shin , Ohashi Yoshihiko , Sakakibara Daiki , Fukamachi Yasushi , Nomura Daiki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn Greenland, tidewater glaciers discharge turbid subglacial freshwater into fjords, forming a plume near the calving front. To elucidate the effects of this discharge on nutrient and dissolved inorganic carbon transport to the surface in these fjords, we conducted observational studies on Bowdoin Glacier and in its fjord in northwestern Greenland during the summer of 2016. Our results provide evidence of macronutrient and dissolved inorganic carbon transport from deep in the fjord to the surface in front of the glacier. This transport is driven by plume formation resulting from subglacial freshwater discharge and subsequent upwelling along the glacier calving front. The plume water is a mixture of subglacial freshwater and entrained fjord water. The fraction of glacial meltwater in the plume water is ~14% when it reaches the surface. The plume water is highly turbid because it contains substantial amounts of sediment derived from subglacial weathering. After reaching the surface, the plume water submerges and forms a turbid subsurface layer below fresher surface water at densities of 25.0 to 26.5 σθ. Phytoplankton blooms (~6.5 μg/L chlorophyll a) were observed near the boundary between the fresher surface and turbid subsurface layers. The bloom was associated with a strong upward NO3− + NO2− flux, which was caused by the subduction of plume water. Our study demonstrated that the subglacial discharge and plume formation at the front of Bowdoin Glacier play a key role in the availability of nutrients and the subsequent growth of phytoplankton in the glaciated fjord.
Intense Winter Surface Melt on an Antarctic Ice Shelf
Authors: Kuipers Munneke P. , Luckman A. J. , Bevan S. L. , Smeets C. J. P. P. , Gilbert E. , van den Broeke M. R. , Wang W. , Zender C. , Hubbard B. , Ashmore D. , Orr A. , King J. C. , Kulessa B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of surface melt in Antarctica has hitherto been associated with the austral summer season, when the dominant source of melt energy is provided by solar radiation. We use in situ and satellite observations from a previously unsurveyed region to show that events of intense surface melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf occur frequently throughout the dark Antarctic winter, with peak intensities sometimes exceeding summertime values. A regional atmospheric model confirms that in the absence of solar radiation, these multiday melt events are driven by outbreaks of warm and dry föhn wind descending down the leeside of the Antarctic Peninsula mountain range, resulting in downward turbulent fluxes of sensible heat that drive sustained surface melt fluxes in excess of 200 W/m2. From 2015 to 2017 (including the extreme melt winter of 2016), ∼23% of the annual melt flux was produced in winter, and spaceborne observations of surface melt since 2000 show that wintertime melt is widespread in some years. Winter melt heats the firn layer to the melting point up to a depth of ∼3 m, thereby facilitating the formation of impenetrable ice layers and retarding or reversing autumn and winter cooling of the firn. While the absence of a trend in winter melt is consistent with insignificant changes in the observed Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during winter, we anticipate an increase in winter melt as a response to increasing greenhouse gas concentration.