bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação audiológica básica em alcoólicos
Authors: Rossi Angela Garcia , Bellé Marcieli , Sartori Sílvia Do Amaral 
Published: May 2018

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><p align="left">Diversas drogas ototóxicas causam efeitos nocivos ao ser humano, como zumbido, várias formas de deficiências auditivas e vertigem. Dentre os principais agentes considerados ototóxicos, encontra-se o álcool (Papparela & Shumrick <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;">apud </span></span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;">Russo e Santos, 1993). O objetivo que delineou esta pesquisa foi o de analisar o efeito do álcool na audição de indivíduos adultos e idosos. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 105 indivíduos, sendo 19 do sexo feminino e 86 do sexo masculino, com idade que variava entre 19 e 77 anos, em que o tempo de uso de álcool variou de 3 a 55 anos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I – com idades entre 19 e 50 anos e Grupo II – com idades entre 51 e 77 anos. Foi realizada a avaliação audiológica básica, composta pela ATL, LRF, IPRF e MIA. Verificou-se que os indivíduos do Grupo II apresentaram tempo médio de uso de bebida alcoólica superior aos indivíduos do Grupo I em 17,21 anos. Comparando-se o Grupo I e o Grupo II, tanto para orelha direita quanto para orelha esquerda, com relação aos limiares tonais das freqüências avaliadas, houve diferença estatisticamente significante na maioria dos casos. Através da análise dos resultados, pôde-se observar que o álcool tem efeito nocivo na audição de indivíduos adultos e idosos e, quanto maior a idade e tempo de uso do álcool, maior o comprometimento auditivo.</span></span></span></p></span></span></span></span></span></span><p align="left"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span></p>
Hybrid Resonance Memory Metamaterial with Full‐Wave Operation
Authors: Lee Hanju , Arakelyan Shant , Friedman Barry , Lee Kiejin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMemory metamaterials allowing persistent tuning of their unusual electromagnetic responses are an emerging group of artificial electromagnetic materials. Here, the memory metamaterial operating at microwave frequency based on the hybrid resonance of the metamaterial‐ferromagnetic system is reported. It is demonstrated that the hybrid resonance can be tuned reversibly as a function of frequency and amplitude of the input microwave signal. The principle underlying the persistent hybrid resonance tuning is the adaptive structural modification of the magnetic domain structure for the input microwave signal.
3D‐Structured Stretchable Strain Sensors for Out‐of‐Plane Force Detection
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Qi Dianpeng , Leow Wan Ru , Yu Jiancan , Xiloyannnis Michele , Cappello Leonardo , Liu Yaqing , Zhu Bowen , Jiang Ying , Chen Geng , Masia Lorenzo , Liedberg Bo , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStretchable strain sensors, as the soft mechanical interface, provide the key mechanical information of the systems for healthcare monitoring, rehabilitation assistance, soft exoskeletal devices, and soft robotics. Stretchable strain sensors based on 2D flat film have been widely developed to monitor the in‐plane force applied within the plane where the sensor is placed. However, to comprehensively obtain the mechanical feedback, the capability to detect the out‐of‐plane force, caused by the interaction outside of the plane where the senor is located, is needed. Herein, a 3D‐structured stretchable strain sensor is reported to monitor the out‐of‐plane force by employing 3D printing in conjunction with out‐of‐plane capillary force‐assisted self‐pinning of carbon nanotubes. The 3D‐structured sensor possesses large stretchability, multistrain detection, and strain‐direction recognition by one single sensor. It is demonstrated that out‐of‐plane forces induced by the air/fluid flow are reliably monitored and intricate flow details are clearly recorded. The development opens up for the exploration of next‐generation 3D stretchable sensors for electronic skin and soft robotics.
High‐Performance Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Utilizing an Asymmetric Anthracene Derivative as an Electron‐Transporting Material
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Song Xiaozeng , Li Haoyuan , Cai Minghan , Bin Zhengyang , Huang Tianyu , Duan Lian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes with thermally activated delayed fluorescent sensitizers (TSF‐OLEDs) have aroused wide attention, the power efficiencies of which, however, are limited by the mutual exclusion of high electron‐transport mobility and large triplet energy of electron‐transporting materials (ETMs). Here, an asymmetric anthracene derivative with electronic properties manipulated by different side groups is developed as an ETM to promote TSF‐OLED performances. Multiple intermolecular interactions are observed, leading to a kind of “cable‐like packing” in the crystal and favoring the simultaneous realization of high electron‐transporting mobility and good exciton‐confinement ability, albeit the low triplet energy of the ETM. The optimized TSF‐OLEDs exhibit a record‐high maximum external quantum efficiency/power efficiency of 24.6%/76.0 lm W−1, which remain 23.8%/69.0 lm W−1 at a high luminance of even 5000 cd m−2 with an extremely low operation voltage of 3.14 V. This work opens a new paradigm for designing ETMs and also paves the way toward practical application of TSF‐OLEDs.
Direct Laser Writing of Graphene Made from Chemical Vapor Deposition for Flexible, Integratable Micro‐Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Power Output
Authors: Ye Jianglin , Tan Huabing , Wu Shuilin , Ni Kun , Pan Fei , Liu Jie , Tao Zhuchen , Qu Yan , Ji Hengxing , Simon Patrice , Zhu Yanwu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance yet flexible micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) hold great promise as miniaturized power sources for increasing demand of integrated electronic devices. Herein, this study demonstrates a scalable fabrication of multilayered graphene‐based MSCs (MG‐MSCs), by direct laser writing (DLW) of stacked graphene films made from industry‐scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Combining the dry transfer of multilayered CVD graphene films, DLW allows a highly efficient fabrication of large‐areal MSCs with exceptional flexibility, diverse planar geometry, and capability of customer‐designed integration. The MG‐MSCs exhibit simultaneously ultrahigh energy density of 23 mWh cm−3 and power density of 1860 W cm−3 in an ionogel electrolyte. Notably, such MG‐MSCs demonstrate an outstanding flexible alternating current line‐filtering performance in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte, indicated by a phase angle of −76.2° at 120 Hz and a resistance–capacitance constant of 0.54 ms, due to the efficient ion transport coupled with the excellent electric conductance of the planar MG microelectrodes. MG–polyaniline (MG‐PANI) hybrid MSCs fabricated by DLW of MG‐PANI hybrid films show an optimized capacitance of 3.8 mF cm−2 in PVA/H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte; an integrated device comprising MG‐MSCs line filtering, MG‐PANI MSCs, and pressure/gas sensors is demonstrated.
3D Printing of Hierarchical Porous Silica and α‐Quartz
Authors: Putz Florian , Scherer Sebastian , Ober Michael , Morak Roland , Paris Oskar , Hüsing Nicola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ability to macroscopically shape highly porous oxide materials while concomitantly tailoring the porous network structure as desired by simple and environmentally friendly processes is of great importance in many fields. Here, a purely aqueous printing process toward deliberately shaped, hierarchically organized amorphous silica and the corresponding polycrystalline quartz analogues based on a direct ink writing process (DIW) is presented. The key to success is the careful development of the sol–gel ink, which is based on an acidic aqueous sol of a glycolated silane and structure‐directing agents. The resulting 3D (DIW) printed silica consists of a macroporous network of struts comprising hexagonally arranged mesopores on a 2D hexagonal lattice. Together with a printed porous superstructure on the millimeter scale, well‐defined pore sizes and shapes on at least three hierarchy levels can thus be fabricated. The introduction of devitrifying agents in the printed green part and subsequent heat treatment allows for the transformation of the silica structure into polycrystalline α‐quartz. While small pores (micro‐ and mesopores below 10 nm) are lost, the printed morphology and the macroporous network of struts is preserved during crystallization.
Multiscale and Uniform Liquid Metal Thin‐Film Patterning Based on Soft Lithography for 3D Heterogeneous Integrated Soft Microsystems: Additive Stamping and Subtractive Reverse Stamping
Authors: Kim Min‐gu , Kim Choongsoon , Alrowais Hommood , Brand Oliver 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of intrinsically soft conductors, such as gallium‐based liquid metal (eutectic gallium–indium alloy, EGaIn), has enabled bioinspired and skin‐like soft electronics. Thereby, creating patterned, smooth, and uniform EGaIn thin films with high resolution and size scalability is one of the primary technical hurdles. Soft lithography using wetting/nonwetting surface modifications and 3D heterogeneous integration can address current EGaIn patterning challenges. This paper demonstrates multiscale and uniform EGaIn thin‐film patterning by utilizing an additive stamping process for large‐scale (mm–cm) soft electronics and a subtractive reverse stamping process for microscale (µm–mm) soft electronics. While EGaIn patterning based on stamping is regarded as the least reliable patterning technique, this paper highlights multiscale and uniform thin‐film patterning by stamping at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure utilizing proper chemical/physical surface modification to obtain selective nonwetting or uniform wetting properties. By combining structures fabricated using these additive and subtractive stamping techniques with 3D heterogeneous integration, functional soft microsystems are demonstrated: i) a soft LC (inductor‐capacitor) sensing platform with high areal capacitance, ii) a fingertip‐mountable biological sensing platform, and iii) soft heaters with localized and distributed heating capability. The demonstrated fabrication and integration approaches enable high‐density and multifunctional soft microsystems for versatile sensing applications.
Effective Interfacially Polymerized Polyester Solvent Resistant Nanofiltration Membrane from Bioderived Materials
Authors: Abdellah Mohamed H. , Pérez‐Manríquez Liliana , Puspasari Tiara , Scholes Colin A. , Kentish Sandra E. , Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUtilization of sustainable and environmentally friendly solvents for the preparation of membranes has attracted growing interest in recent years. In this work, a polyester thin film composite solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membrane is prepared by interfacial polymerization on a cellulose support. The cellulose support is prepared by nonsolvent‐induced phase separation from a dope solution containing an ionic liquid as an environmentally friendly solvent (negligible vapor pressure). The polyester film is formed via the interfacial reaction between quercetin, a plant‐derived polyphenol, and terephthaloyl chloride. Alpha‐pinene is used as a green alternative solvent to dissolve terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) while quercetin is dissolved in a 0.2 m NaOH solution. The interfacial polymerization reaction is successfully confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy while scanning electron and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the membrane structure. The composite membrane shows an outstanding performance with a molecular weight cut‐off around 330 Da combined with a dimethylformamide (DMF) permeance up to 2.8 L m−2 bar−1 h−1. The membrane is stable in strong aprotic solvents such as DMF offering potential application in the pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries.
meta‐ and para‐Selective C−H Functionalization using Transient Mediators and Noncovalent Templates
Authors: Ghosh Munmun , De Sarkar Suman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe efficient functionalization of nonactivated aromatic C−H bonds has emerged out as one of the most viable synthetic tools with respect to its versatile synthetic potential. The most successful approach for achieving positional selectivity has involved directing‐group manipulations. However, selective functionalization of distal C−H bonds, in particular those remote from the reactive functional group or the directing group, remains a daunting challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. However, several recent approaches have been developed to address this issue, including the use of transient mediators and noncovalent templates, which are discussed in this Focus Review.
A Rapidly Self‐Healing Host–Guest Supramolecular Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength and Excellent Biocompatibility
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Ren Yipeng , Zhu Ye , Hao Lijing , Chen Yunhua , An Geng , Wu Hongkai , Shi Xuetao , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is still a challenge to achieve both excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility in hydrogels. In this study, we exploited two interactions to form a novel biocompatible, slicing‐resistant, and self‐healing hydrogel. The first was molecular host–guest recognition between a host (isocyanatoethyl acrylate modified β‐cyclodextrin) and a guest (2‐(2‐(2‐(2‐(adamantyl‐1‐oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol acrylate) to form “three‐arm” host–guest supramolecules (HGSMs), and the second was covalent bonding between HGSMs (achieved by UV‐initiated polymerization) to form strong cross‐links in the hydrogel. The host–guest interaction enabled the hydrogel to rapidly self‐heal. When it was cut, fresh surfaces were formed with dangling host and guest molecules (due to the breaking of host–guest recognition), which rapidly recognized each other again to heal the hydrogel by recombination of the cut surfaces. The smart hydrogels hold promise for use as biomaterials for soft‐tissue repair.
A Nona‐nuclear Heterometallic Pd3Pt6 “Donut”‐Shaped Cage: Molecular Recognition and Photocatalysis
Authors: Preston Dan , Sutton Joshua J. , Gordon Keith C. , Crowley James D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report a simple, low‐symmetry 2‐(1‐(pyridine‐4‐methyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine ligand that has both monodentate and bidentate binding sites. With platinum(II) and/or palladium(II) ions, two examples of a new nona‐nuclear metallo‐assembly have been accessed. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and in key cases, X‐ray crystallography. The cages possess three clefts comprised of planar cationic panels. This structural feature enables the binding of planar aromatic guests such as anthracene. More interestingly, the heterometallic assembly was able to catalyze the light‐induced [4+2] cycloaddition of anthracene with singlet oxygen.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Rich Inclusion Compound ReN8⋅x N2 with Conjugated Polymeric Nitrogen Chains
Authors: Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Koemets Egor , Fedotenko Timofey , Aprilis Georgios , Glazyrin Konstantin , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Ponomareva Alena V. , Tidholm Johan , Tasnádi Ferenc , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA nitrogen‐rich compound, ReN8⋅x N2, was synthesized by a direct reaction between rhenium and nitrogen at high pressure and high temperature in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that the crystal structure, which is based on the ReN8 framework, has rectangular‐shaped channels that accommodate nitrogen molecules. Thus, despite a very high synthesis pressure, exceeding 100 GPa, ReN8⋅x N2 is an inclusion compound. The amount of trapped nitrogen (x) depends on the synthesis conditions. The polydiazenediyl chains [−N=N−]∞ that constitute the framework have not been previously observed in any compound. Ab initio calculations on ReN8⋅x N2 provide strong support for the experimental results and conclusions.
Cleavage of Unactivated Si−C(sp3) Bonds with Reed's Carborane Acids: Formation of Known and Unknown Silylium Ions
Authors: Wu Qian , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Omann Lukas , Irran Elisabeth , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient method for the benzenium‐ion‐mediated cleavage of inert Si−C(sp3) bonds is reported. Various tetraalkylsilanes can thus be converted into the corresponding counteranion‐stabilized silylium ions. The reaction is chemoselective in the case of hexamethyldisilane. Computations reveal a mechanism with backside attack of the proton at one of the alkyl groups. Several activated Si−C(spn) bonds (n=3–1) react equally well, and the procedure can be extended to the generation of stannylium ions.
Theoretical investigation into the coordination of R‐/S‐asymmetric uranyl–salophens containing six‐membered ring lactam with cis−/trans‐cyclohexylamines
Authors: Yang Liang‐Liang , Kong Xiang‐He , Wu Zhi‐Lin , Lin Ying‐Wu , Liao Li‐Fu , Nie Chang‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

A six‐membered ring lactam derivative was introduced in a parallel manner into uranyl–salophens with R/S configuration (R‐/S‐AUSRLs), which were used as receptors to coordinate with guests of cis−/trans‐methylcyclohexylamines (cis−/trans‐MCHAs). Using density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level and RECP, an insight into the coordination complexes of the R‐/S‐AUSRLs with cis−/trans‐MCHAs was obtained. The results showed that the U atoms of receptors could coordinate with the N atoms of four kinds of cis−/trans‐1,2 or − 1,4 guests, but the two kinds of cis−/trans‐1,3 guests could not be converged by the same method in the process of structural optimization due to steric hindrance, and thus the cis−/trans‐1,3 guests could not be coordinated with the R‐/S‐AUSRLs. The mode of coordination of the R‐/S‐AUSRLs with the guests displayed a significant difference. And the change of R‐AUSRL coordination ability to the cis−/trans‐MCHAs was very large, but that of S‐AUSRL was small. Overall, the stability of the R‐series coordination complexes was higher than that of the corresponding S‐series coordination complexes, and the R‐AUSRL receptor had better coordination selectivity and higher molecular recognition to the cis−/trans‐MCHA guests than the S‐AUSRL receptor. However, the coordination ability of S‐AUSRL with the cis−/trans‐MCHAs was stronger than that of R‐AUSRL. It was expected that these results could provide insightful information and theoretical guidance for understanding the molecular recognition of R‐/S‐AUSRLs for cis−/trans‐type cyclohexylamine derivatives.
Mechanistic Insights into the Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation of C−O Bonds in Aromatic Esters with CO2: Understanding Remarkable Ligand and Traceless‐Directing‐Group Effects
Authors: Han Yan‐Li , Zhao Bing‐Yuan , Jiang Kun‐Yao , Yan Hui‐Min , Zhang Zhu‐Xia , Yang Wen‐Jing , Guo Zhen , Li Yan‐Rong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of the Ni0‐catalyzed reductive carboxylation reaction of C(sp2)−O and C(sp3)−O bonds in aromatic esters with CO2 to access valuable carboxylic acids was comprehensively studied by using DFT calculations. Computational results revealed that this transformation was composed of several key steps: C−O bond cleavage, reductive elimination, and/or CO2 insertion. Of these steps, C−O bond cleavage was found to be rate‐determining, and it occurred through either oxidative addition to form a NiII intermediate, or a radical pathway that involved a bimetallic species to generate two NiI species through homolytic dissociation of the C−O bond. DFT calculations revealed that the oxidative addition step was preferred in the reductive carboxylation reactions of C(sp2)−O and C(sp3)−O bonds in substrates with extended π systems. In contrast, oxidative addition was highly disfavored when traceless directing groups were involved in the reductive coupling of substrates without extended π systems. In such cases, the presence of traceless directing groups allowed for docking of a second Ni0 catalyst, and the reactions proceed through a bimetallic radical pathway, rather than through concerted oxidative addition, to afford two NiI species both kinetically and thermodynamically. These theoretical mechanistic insights into the reductive carboxylation reactions of C−O bonds were also employed to investigate several experimentally observed phenomena, including ligand‐dependent reactivity and site‐selectivity.
Urbane Sicherheit bei Explosionen – Schutz durch Ringgeflecht mit Wasser
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert , Rüdiger Lars , Warnstedt Paul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStadtplaner, Bauingenieure und Architekten haben den Anspruch, Städte als lebenswerte und sichere urbane Räume zu gestalten. Anhaltender Terrorismus macht es notwendig, sich Gedanken zur Sicherheit unserer Städte zu machen. In den letzten Jahren wurde die Verwundbarkeit europäischer Städte mehrfach erkennbar. Die Angriffe richteten sich dabei direkt gegen weiche Ziele, wie z. B. Menschenansammlungen. Deshalb werden bauliche Schutzmaßnahmen für den urbanen Raum benötigt, die verträglich sind mit der Urbanität. Innovative Schutzlösungen mit einer ansprechenden Erscheinung und versteckten Schutzeigenschaften können in öffentliche Plätze integriert werden. Somit bleibt das öffentliche Leben davon nahezu unbeeinflusst. Bei einer möglichen Explosion sollen diese Schutzelemente sowohl dem einfallenden Luftstoß widerstehen als auch möglichen Fragmenten. Sie müssen den einfallenden Spitzenüberdruck der Luftstoßwelle reduzieren und sollen Fragmente stoppen oder zumindest verlangsamen. Eine innovative Schutzlösung aus Edelstahl‐Ringgeflecht mit einem herabrinnenden Wasservorhang wurde erfolgreich getestet. Mit den durchgeführten Explosionsversuchen konnte eine signifikante Reduktion der Überdruck‐ und Impulsbelastung durch die Luftstoßwelle gezeigt werden. Dies zeigt das Schutzpotenzial der Ringgeflecht‐Wasser‐Barriere, das in diesem Aufsatz dargestellt und diskutiert wird.