bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An indicator‐based decision framework for the northern California red abalone fishery
Authors: Harford William J. , Dowling Natalie A. , Prince Jeremy D. , Hurd Frank , Bellquist Lyall , Likins Jack , Wilson Jono R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmong abalone species that were once harvested along the California coastline, red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) supports the remaining recreational fishery. To support development of a red abalone fishery management plan, non‐governmental organizations have initiated expanded data collection and developed fishery management strategies. The latter is the subject of this study, as we present a management strategy evaluation (MSE) of a multi‐indicator decision tree. The decision tree relies on landings from each of 56 fishing sites and length frequency information collected during fishery‐independent diver surveys at a subset of sites. The decision tree was designed to cope with existing data limitations and to ensure that localized meta‐population dynamics were adequately considered in decision‐making. It was also necessary to balance the potential for localized abundance changes with the practical issue of implementing fishery regulations at larger spatial scales. The MSE demonstrated that undesirably low stock sizes could be avoided while also continuing to maintain a viable fishery, even under environmental conditions that are detrimental to abalone populations. Under less‐severe environmental conditions, stock size was maintained, on average, above the biomass associated with production of maximum sustainable yield. Our discussion centers on steps that were taken to refine the decision tree and to incorporate feedback from scientists and stakeholders and to facilitate transparent evaluation of management options.
River‐valley morphology, basin size, and flow‐event magnitude interact to produce wide variation in flooding dynamics
Authors: Van Appledorn Molly , Baker Matthew E. , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInundation dynamics are a key driver of ecosystem form and function in river‐valley bottoms. Inundation itself is an outcome of multi‐scalar interactions and can vary strongly within and among river reaches. As a result, establishing to what degree and how inundation dynamics vary spatially both within and among river reaches can be challenging. The objective of this study was to understand how river‐valley morphology, basin size, and flow‐event magnitude interact to affect inundation dynamics in river‐valley bottoms. We used 2D hydraulic models to simulate inundation in four river reaches from Maryland's Piedmont physiographic province, and qualitatively and quantitatively summarized within‐ and among‐reach patterns of inundation extent, duration, depth, shear stress, and wetting frequencies. On average, reaches from confined valley settings experienced less extensive flooding, shorter durations and shallower depths, stronger gradients of maximum shear stress, and relatively infrequent wetting compared to reaches from unconfined settings. These patterns were generally consistent across flow‐event magnitudes. Patterns of within‐reach flooding across event magnitudes revealed complex interactions between hydrology and surface topography. We concluded that valley morphology had a greater impact on flooding patterns than basin size: Inundation patterns were more consistent across reaches of similar morphology than similar basin size, but absolute values of inundation characteristics varied between large and small basins. Our results showed that the manifestation of out‐of‐bank flows in valley floors can vary widely depending on geomorphic context, even within a single physiographic province, which suggests that hydrologic and hydraulic conditions experienced on the valley floor may not be well represented by existing hydrologic metrics derived from discharge data alone. We thus support the notion that 2D hydraulic models can be useful hydrometric tools for cross‐scale investigations of floodplain ecosystems.
Intermittent flooding of organic‐rich soil promotes the formation of denitrification hot moments and hot spots
Authors: Tomasek Abigail A. , Hondzo Miki , Kozarek Jessica L. , Staley Christopher , Wang Ping , Lurndahl Nicole , Sadowsky Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have altered the nitrogen cycle, necessitating management on the landscape level. Isolated time periods and areas, termed hot moments and hot spots, respectively, frequently account for a large percentage of nitrate removal in aquatic ecosystems. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hydrologic connectivity on denitrification rates, gene abundances, and nitrous oxide fluxes. Experimental areas were divided into flooded (always inundated), floodzone (intermittently inundated), and nonfloodzone (not inundated) locations in low‐organic and organic‐rich soil. Our results demonstrate that intermittent flood events enhance denitrification rates from days to weeks after flooding, depending on the inundation period. Microbial analysis demonstrated that short‐term flood events did not lead to increases in denitrifying gene abundances. Enhanced denitrification rates did not have a corresponding increase in the ratio of incomplete to complete denitrification. Incomplete to complete denitrification ratios were high in always‐inundated low‐organic sandy soil, peaking at 40%. Our results suggest that management strategies that promote hydrologic connectivity and intermittent flooding of organic‐rich floodplain soils promote the formation of denitrification hot moments and hot spots, with relatively low incomplete denitrification (<3% of the total denitrification rates).
A new flux‐limiting approach–based kinetic scheme for the Euler equations of gas dynamics
Authors: Kumar Raushan , Dass Anoop K. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a new kinetic‐theory‐based high‐resolution scheme for the Euler equations of gas dynamics. The scheme uses the well‐known connection that the Euler equations are suitable moments of the collisionless Boltzmann equation of kinetic theory. The collisionless Boltzmann equation is discretized using Sweby's flux‐limited method and the moment of this Boltzmann level formulation gives a Euler level scheme. It is demonstrated how conventional limiters and an extremum‐preserving limiter can be adapted for use in the scheme to achieve a desired effect. A simple total variation diminishing criteria relaxing parameter results in improving the resolution of the discontinuities in a significant way. A 1D scheme is formulated first and an extension to 2D on Cartesian meshes is carried out next. Accuracy analysis suggests that the scheme achieves between first‐ and second‐order accuracy as is expected for any second‐order flux‐limited method. The simplicity and the explicit form of the conservative numerical fluxes add to the efficiency of the scheme. Several standard 1D and 2D test problems are solved to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy.
Chemical‐petrographic and isotopic characterization of the volcanic pavement along the ancient Appia route at the Aurunci Mountain Pass, Italy: Insights on possible provenance
Authors: Di Luzio Emiliano , Arienzo Ilenia , Boccuti Simona , De Meo Anna , Sottili Gianluca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ancient Appia route was built across central‐southern Italy between the fourth and second century before the common era (B.C.E.). At the Aurunci Mountain Pass, the route crosses carbonate ridges that provided the raw material used to pave the road in the first century C.E. This material was replaced with lava blocks of unknown origin in the third century C.E. The study area is at least 50 km from the main volcanic centers along the peri‐Tyrrhenian side of Italy, such as the Colli Albani, Roccamonfina, and Middle Latin Valley volcanoes. The main objective of this research was the chemical–petrographic and isotopic characterization of rock samples from the Appia flagstones to unravel their possible provenance. The analytical procedure included scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analyses and 87Sr/86Sr–143Nd/144Nd isotopic measurements. Samples taken from unknown quarries found in the Middle Latin Valley volcanic field underwent the same analyses. After comparing the analysis results with data from the literature, the most likely source area was identified with the Roccamonfina precaldera ultrapotassic sequence. The availability and use of volcanic resources for the construction and maintenance of the ancient Appia route in the investigated territories are only outlined in this work and deserve further study.
A comparison of popular TDT‐generalizations for family‐based association analysis
Authors: Hecker Julian , Laird Nan , Lange Christoph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is the gold standard for testing the association between a genetic variant and disease in samples consisting of affected individuals and their parents. In practice, more complex pedigree structures, that is siblings with no parents, or three‐generational pedigrees with possibly missing genotypes, are common. There are several generalizations of the TDT that are suitable for use with arbitrary pedigree structures. We consider three such frequently used generalizations, family‐based association test, pedigree disequilibrium test, and generalized disequilibrium test, that have accompanying software and compare them regarding validity and power in the single variant setting. We use simulations to study the effects of population admixture, populations whose genotypes are not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), different pedigree structures, and the presence of linkage. Whereas our results show that some TDT generalizations can have a substantially increased Type 1 error, these tests are often used in substantive research without caveats about the validity of their Type 1 error. For the association analysis of rare variants in sequencing studies, region‐based extensions of the TDT generalizations, that rely on the postulated robustness of the single variant tests, have been proposed. We discuss the implications of our results for these region‐based extensions.
Palaeoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt, North China Craton: Geochemical and isotopic evidence from ca. 2.17 Ga felsic tuff
Authors: Xu Wang , Liu Fulai , Wang Fang , Santosh M. , Dong Yongsheng 
Published: January 2019

The Palaeoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt (JLJB) in the North China Craton remains controversial, particularly in the absence of adequate evidence for oceanic plate subduction. Here, we report SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sm–Nd isotope data on felsic tuffs from the Anshan–Helan–Lianshanguang area in the Liaodong Peninsula which provides important insights into the early tectonic evolution of the JLJB. The zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages suggest formation of the tuffs crystallized at ca. 2.17 Ga, which coincide with the crystallization of the voluminous Liaoji granitoids in this belt. The felsic tuffs show calc‐alkaline features and are characterized by a wide range of SiO2 (61.89–72.55 wt.%), MgO (1.35–5.80 wt.%), Cr (36.0–67.8 ppm) and Ni (5.88–28.8 ppm) contents, and low TiO2 (0.42–0.64 wt.%) and total Fe2O3 (2.14–5.64 wt.%) concentrations. They also display enrichment in LREE and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti similar to the features of continental arc andesites. Their wide variation in whole‐rock εNd(t) (−2.6 to +3.4) combined with the synchronous magmatic activity in this region suggests that they were derived from mixing of mafic (e.g., those in the Liaohe suite) and felsic (e.g., the Liaoji granitoids) magmas, followed by fractional crystallization. In view of the widespread distribution of magmatism, including the Helan felsic tuffs and Liaoji granitoids, and the synchronous sedimentary rocks in the Liaodong Peninsula, we propose that the evolution of the JLJB involved an initial back‐arc extension stage, followed by arc‐continent collision.
Geochemistry and geochronology of the Dongyang gold deposit in southeast China: Constraints on ore genesis
Authors: Xu Nan , Li Sheng‐Rong , Wu Cai‐lai , Santosh M. 
Published: January 2019

Mesozoic magmatism and lithospheric destruction in East China exerted significant control on gold metallogeny. Here, we investigate the mineralogy, geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic systematics of the Dongyang gold deposit in southeast China to constrain its origin and geodynamics. This is a newly discovered epithermal gold deposit along the Circum–Pacific metallogenic belt and is characterized by intense silicification and sericitization. The C–H–O isotope data suggest deep magmatic sources of the ores and indicate that the ore‐forming fluids comprised a mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. The S–Pb values of the pyrite indicate magmatic origin for the sulfur, and deposit was derived mostly from crustal sources, mixed with mantle materials. The Rb–Sr dating of the pyrite from the ore deposit shows an age of 164.2 ± 9.9 Ma, whereas the zircon U–Pb SHRIMP ages of the rhyolite porphyry is 160.9 ± 0.5 Ma, suggesting that the timing of mineralization is close to that of the crystallization of the dykes. In conjunction with previous studies on similar deposits, we suggest that the gold mineralization was the response of continental lithospheric thinning in southeast China triggered by the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean Plate.
Anxiety symptom levels are persistent in older adults with a mental disorder: A 33‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Bakkane Bendixen Anette , Engedal Knut , Selbæk Geir , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Hartberg Cecilie Bhandari 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveAnxiety symptoms are common in old age and have been suggested as risk factors for development of cognitive impairment and mortality. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether anxiety symptoms among older adults with a mental health diagnosis are persistent, and severity of anxiety predicts cognitive decline and mortality.MethodsWe collected data from 201 patients referred to specialist mental health service in a department of geriatric psychiatry. Of these, 150 were reexamined after 33 months, while 51 patients died before follow‐up. Mean age (SD) at baseline among the patients that were reexamined was 73.4 (7.3) years, and 67% were women. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) was used to measure anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow‐up. We investigated whether higher GAI scores at baseline were associated with persistence of anxiety. Associations with cognitive decline or mortality were also explored. The associations were estimated by use of trajectory analysis and regression models.ResultsSeventy‐four percentages had the same level of anxiety symptoms, and 29% had a high level of anxiety at baseline and follow‐up. GAI score at baseline was not associated with cognitive decline or mortality at 33‐month follow‐up.ConclusionIn a longitudinal study of anxiety symptoms among older adults in specialist mental health services, we demonstrate persistent high or low levels of anxiety symptoms. Anxiety trajectories over time were not predicted by patient characteristics. Also the level of anxiety cannot be used as predictor for future cognitive decline or mortality in a clinical population.
EEG‐based age‐prediction models as stable and heritable indicators of brain maturational level in children and adolescents
Authors: Vandenbosch Marjolein M. L. J. Z. , van 't Ent Dennis , Boomsma Dorret I. , Anokhin Andrey P. , Smit Dirk J. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe human brain shows remarkable development of functional brain activity from childhood to adolescence. Here, we investigated whether electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are suitable for predicting the age of children and adolescents. Moreover, we investigated whether overestimation or underestimation of age was stable over longer time periods, as stable prediction error can be interpreted as reflecting individual brain maturational level. Finally, we established whether the age‐prediction error was genetically determined. Then, 3 min eyes‐closed resting‐state EEG data from the longitudinal EEG studies of Netherlands Twin Register (NTR; n = 836) and Washington University in St. Louis (n = 702) were used at ages 5, 7, 12, 14, 16, and 18. Longitudinal data were available within childhood (5–7 years) and adolescence (16–18 years). We calculated power in 1 Hz wide bins (1–24 Hz). Random forest (RF) regression and relevance vector machine with sixfold cross‐validation were applied. The best mean absolute prediction error was obtained with RF (1.22 years). Classification of childhood versus puberty/adolescence reached over 94% accuracy. Prediction errors were moderately to highly stable over periods of 1.5–2.1 years (0.53 < r < 0.74) and signifcantly affected by genetic factors (heritability between 42 and 79%). Our results show that age prediction from low‐cost EEG recordings is comparable in accuracy to those obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. Children and adolescents showed stable overestimation or underestimation of their age, which means that some participants have stable brain activity patterns that reflect those of an older or younger age, and could therefore reflect individual brain maturational level. This prediction error is heritable, suggesting that genes underlie maturational level of functional brain activity. We propose that age prediction based on EEG recordings can be used for tracking neurodevelopment in typically developing children, in preterm children, and in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Chiral Polymers and Polymeric Particles for Enantioselective Crystallization
Authors: Medina Dana D. , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChiral polymers and chiral polymeric particles have emerged as a new and exciting field of research in recent years mainly due to their possibly applications in chiral chemistry. This paper reviews the present state of the art regarding production techniques for the synthesis and applications of chiral polymeric particles. The main methods for preparing of chiral polymeric particles such as: direct polymerization, emulsion, precipitation, and suspension polymerization of chiral monomers, are reviewed. Moreover, in this article we also present the use of chiral polymers as chiral templates for the synthesis of chiral mesoporous materials. In this review we highlighted the properties and parameters involved in the preparation of these chiral polymeric materials. The present review focuses mainly on the use of chiral polymer and chiral polymeric particles for enantioselective crystallization and enantioseparation. References of the most relevant literature published by various research groups are provided. Anyway, it is clear that chiral polymeric particles are a distinctive type of chiral nanomaterials that can find many new application in other fields like, chiral drug delivery systems, enantioselective catalysis. We hope that this review article will inspired new researchers in this field and will boost the research dealing on chiral polymeric particles especially in their implementation in new areas in chiral chemistry.
Resveratrol potentially increased the tumoricidal effect of doxorubicin on SKOV3 cancer stem cells in vitro
Authors: Pouyafar Ayda , Zadi Heydarabad Milad , Aghdam Sina Bahar , Khaksar Majid , Azimi Ako , Rahbarghazi Reza , Talebi Mehdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is associated with a high percentage of recurrence of tumor and resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) form a rare population with a significant capacity to begin and expand malignant diseases. Eliminating the drug resistance of CSCs by factors that have fewer side effects to the patient is vital. To investigate the effect of resveratrol (RES) and doxorubicin (DOX) on drug resistance and apoptosis of CSCs; at the first, isolation of CSCs from SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells and their dosage adjustment (IC50) with RES and DOX was performed. Then, isolated CSCs were treated with RES and DOX IC
50 of 55 and 250 nM, respectively. Subsequently, their effects on drug resistance and cell death were evaluated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, rhodamine 123 uptakes. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment of SKOV3 with 55 μM of RES and 250 nM of DOX simultaneously increased cell viability in CSCs to DOX after 24 and 48 hours by increasing the expression of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (BAX) and caspase‐3 genes, and decreased the expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) genes indicated by intracellular the rhodamine 123 content. Treatment of RES could increase the activity of DOX cell viability in CSCs originated from SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma and decrease drug resistance capacity to DOX.
Long‐noncoding RNA HOTAIR inhibits immunologic rejection of mouse leukemia cells through activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in a mouse model of leukemia
Authors: Li Guo‐Jie , Ding Hui , Miao Dong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong‐noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in the development of diverse diseases, including leukemia, while the role lncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) played in leukemia remains unclear and in need of further investigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effects of lncRNA HOTAIR on the immunologic rejection of leukemia cells through the Wnt/β‐catenin in mice. Mice were administrated with HOTAIR mimics as well as small interfering RNA HOTAIR to explore the regulatory role of HOTAIR. The numbers of white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) and the content of hemoglobin in peripheral blood (PB) were determined. The cytokine level in PB was measured. T‐lymphocyte proliferation activity, Ig production by B cells, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and the proportion of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)/CD8 T cell subsets were detected. Expression of HOTAIR, β‐catenin, cyclinD1, GSK‐3β, and c‐Myc in bone marrow was determined. It was revealed that the WBC number increased, while the PLT number along with the hemoglobin content in PB decreased with the upregulated HOTAIR. Additionally, elevated HOTAIR led to decreased levels of transforming growth factor‐β, interferon‐γ, interleukin‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in PB, proliferation activity in T‐lymphocyte, and inhibited Ig production, NK cell activity, and the ratio of CD4/CD8 T cell subsets in B‐lymphocyte. Furthermore, Wnt/β‐catenin was activated by overexpressing HOTAIR. Enhanced survival and proliferation were shown with increased expression of cyclinD1, GSK‐3β, and c‐Myc in the bone marrow of mice induced by overexpressing HOTAIR. These results indicate that restored HOTAIR reduces the immunologic rejection of leukemia cells in mice by activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.