bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Regimes, Capital, State, and Class: Friedmann and McMichael Revisited
Authors: Tilzey Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFriedmann and McMichael’s work, through their concept of the ‘food regime’, has been foundational to our thinking about the relation between capitalism, the state, and agriculture. Given the thirtieth anniversary of the publication of their seminal 1989 paper in this journal (Agriculture and the State System: The Rise and Decline of National Agricultures, 1870 to the Present) it seems very appropriate to commemorate this event by undertaking a reassessment of that paper. This article undertakes such a reassessment by examining and critiquing: the theoretical assumptions underlying the paper, particularly in relation to capitalism, class, and the state. This directs attention particularly to: the authors’ (implicit) definition of capitalism; the relation between capitalism and the modern state; their treatment of ‘class’ and ‘class struggle’; and their periodisation of food regimes and the dynamics underlying them, these being premised on their theoretical assumptions. The second, third, and, fourth sections occupy the bulk of the paper. The second section develops a significantly revised theoretical foundation for thinking about the dynamics underlying food regimes, while the third section deploys this as the basis for a new periodisation of food regimes. This periodisation includes a proposed Fifth, or ‘Post‐Neoliberal’ Food Regime, and the final section examines this in detail.
μCT trait analysis reveals morphometric differences between domesticated temperate small grain cereals and their wild relatives
Authors: Hughes Aoife , Oliveira Hugo R. , Fradgley Nick , Corke Fiona M. K. , Cockram James , Doonan John H. , Nibau Candida 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWheat and barley are two of the founder crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent, and currently represent crops of major economic importance in temperate regions. Due to impacts on yield, quality and end‐use, grain morphometric traits remain an important goal for modern breeding programmes and are believed to have been selected for by human populations. To directly and accurately assess the three‐dimensional (3D) characteristics of grains, we combine X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging techniques with bespoke image analysis tools and mathematical modelling to investigate how grain size and shape vary across wild and domesticated wheat and barley. We find that grain depth and, to a lesser extent, width are major drivers of shape change and that these traits are still relatively plastic in modern bread wheat varieties. Significant changes in grain depth are also observed to be associated with differences in ploidy. Finally, we present a model that can accurately predict the wild or domesticated status of a grain from a given taxa based on the relationship between three morphometric parameters (length, width and depth) and suggest its general applicability to both archaeological identification studies and breeding programmes.
BTNL2 gene polymorphism and sarcoid uveitis
Authors: Chaperon Mayeul , Pacheco Yves , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Iwaz Jean , Perard Laurent , Broussolle Christiane , Jamilloux Yvan , Burillon Carole , Kodjikian Laurent , Calender Alain , Seve Pascal 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundUveitis is a frequent and early feature of sarcoidosis. As BTNL2 (butyrophilin-like 2) gene polymorphism was found linked with the susceptibility to sarcoidosis, we investigated whether a specific genotype of BTNL2 gene G16071A (or rs2076530) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) would be associated with the risk of sarcoid uveitis in all patient subgroups.MethodsThe study compared the genotype frequencies of SNP G16071A of 135 patients with sarcoid uveitis (Sa+Uv+) with those of 196 patients with sarcoidosis without uveitis (Sa+Uv−), 81 patients with uveitis without sarcoidosis (Sa−Uv+), and 271 controls with no sarcoidosis nor uveitis (Sa−Uv−). Three hypothetical subgroups of patients with sarcoid uveitis (Sa+Uv+ cases) were considered: (1) subgroup I: patients aged <45 years of both sexes and all ethnic origins; (2) subgroup II: Caucasian women aged >45 years; and (3) subgroup III: all other patients.ResultsA statistically significant difference in genotype frequencies was found between the groups Sa+Uv− and Sa−Uv− (p=3.2×10−6) and between the groups Sa+Uv+ and Sa+Uv− (p=7.1×10−3). There was no difference between the three subgroups of Sa+Uv+ patients. There was a statistically significant difference in genotype frequencies between Sa+Uv− and Sa+Uv+ subgroup II (p=0.005) but no difference between Sa+Uv− and Sa+Uv+ subgroup I.ConclusionNo association was found between G16071A and the susceptibility to sarcoid uveitis. BTNL2 gene G16071A SNP seems to be a predisposing factor for sarcoidosis except in Caucasian postmenopausal women with sarcoid uveitis in whom the GG genotype prevails. These and future results will help in understanding differences between particular subgroups of patients with sarcoid uveitis.
Crypt fusion as a homeostatic mechanism in the human colon
Authors: Baker Ann-Marie , Gabbutt Calum , Williams Marc J , Cereser Biancastella , Jawad Noor , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Jansen Marnix , Barnes Chris P , Simons Benjamin D , McDonald Stuart AC , Graham Trevor A , Wright Nicholas A 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe crypt population in the human intestine is dynamic: crypts can divide to produce two new daughter crypts through a process termed crypt fission, but whether this is balanced by a second process to remove crypts, as recently shown in mouse models, is uncertain. We examined whether crypt fusion (the process of two neighbouring crypts fusing into a single daughter crypt) occurs in the human colon.DesignWe used somatic alterations in the gene cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) as lineage tracing markers to assess the clonality of bifurcating colon crypts (n=309 bifurcating crypts from 13 patients). Mathematical modelling was used to determine whether the existence of crypt fusion can explain the experimental data, and how the process of fusion influences the rate of crypt fission.ResultsIn 55% (21/38) of bifurcating crypts in which clonality could be assessed, we observed perfect segregation of clonal lineages to the respective crypt arms. Mathematical modelling showed that this frequency of perfect segregation could not be explained by fission alone (p<10−20). With the rates of fission and fusion taken to be approximately equal, we then used the distribution of CCO-deficient patch size to estimate the rate of crypt fission, finding a value of around 0.011 divisions/crypt/year.ConclusionsWe have provided the evidence that human colonic crypts undergo fusion, a potential homeostatic process to regulate total crypt number. The existence of crypt fusion in the human colon adds a new facet to our understanding of the highly dynamic and plastic phenotype of the colonic epithelium.
Estimating neoplasia detection rate (NDR) in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus based on index endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Parasa Sravanthi , Desai Madhav , Vittal Anusha , Chandrasekar Viveksandeep T , Pervez Asad , Kennedy Kevin F , Gupta Neil , Shaheen Nicholas J , Sharma Prateek 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBiopsies are obtained to confirm intestinal metaplasia and rule out prevalent dysplasia and cancer when Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) is detected at index upper endoscopy (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]).AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to obtain summary estimates of the prevalence of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) associated with BE during index EGD for chronic GERD symptoms, defined as neoplasia detection rate (NDR) which could be used as a quality measure.MethodsAn extensive search was performed within PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases to identify studies in which patients underwent index endoscopy for the evaluation of the presence of BE. Two reviewers independently evaluated both the study eligibility and methodological quality and data extraction. A random-effects model (REM) based on the binomial distribution was used to calculate the pooled effects of the prevalence of BE-associated dysplasia and EAC.ResultsFor the calculation of dysplasia and EAC prevalence rates, a total of 11 studies with 10 632 patients met the inclusion criteria including 80.4% men with a mean age of 58.7 years and average BE length of 3.5 cm. The pooled prevalence of EAC, HGD and LGD was 3%(95% CI 2 to 5, 9 studies: 396/10 539 patients), 3%(95% CI 2 to 5 [REM], 9 studies: 388/10 539 patients) and 10%(95% CI 7 to 15 [REM], 10 studies: 907/8945 patients), respectively. For NDR, that is, the pooled prevalence of HGD/EAC was 7%(95% CI 4 to 10 [REM], 10 studies: 795/10 632 patients).ConclusionNDR is approximately 4% and could be used as a quality measure.
Going Higher in First-Order Quantifier Alternation Hierarchies on Words
Authors: Place Thomas , Zeitoun Marc 
Published: March 2019

We investigate quantifier alternation hierarchies in first-order logic on finite words. Levels in these hierarchies are defined by counting the number of quantifier alternations in formulas. We prove that one can decide membership of a regular language in the levels BΣ
2
(finite Boolean combinations of formulas having only one alternation) and Σ
3
(formulas having only two alternations and beginning with an existential block). Our proofs work by considering a deeper problem, called
separation
, which, once solved for lower levels, allows us to solve membership for higher levels.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection is a Prognostic Biomarker for Better Survival in Operable Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of 2,004 Patients from an Endemic Area in China
Authors: Zou Jianyong , Chen Junying , Xie Xuan , Liu Zhengguo , Cai Xiaoli , Liu Qianwen , Wen Jing , Zhang Shuishen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background:
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection has been proven to be associated with the survival of many cancers. However, the prevalence and prognostic value of HBV infection in esophageal cancer has not been investigated yet.

Methods:
A total of 2,004 consecutive esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2000 and 2008 were recruited in our study. ELISA was used to test serum HBV markers. Patients were divided into HBsAg-positive group (HBV infection) and HBsAg-negative group. The impact of HBV infection on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:
HBV infection was found in 12.6% (253/2,004) of patients. HBsAg-positive patients had significantly higher percentage of early pathologic T stage, lower frequency of liver metastasis, and extrahepatic metastasis than HBsAg-negative. HBsAg-positive patients had a favorable DFS [HR = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.94, P = 0.007) and OS (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65–0.95, P = 0.020] respectively, when compared with HBsAg-negative patients. Subgroup analysis showed that the association with HBV infection and better DFS and OS was observed in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and advanced pathologic stage (III–IV).
Conclusion: HBV infection was an independent favorable prognostic factor for survival in operable esophageal cancer.

Impact:
Our large cohort study provided more definite and quantitative evidence that HBV infection is an independent favorable prognostic biomarker in patients with esophageal cancer, especially in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and advanced pathologic stage (III–IV).
TAS-121, A Selective Mutant EGFR Inhibitor, Shows Activity Against Tumors Expressing Various EGFR Mutations Including T790M and Uncommon Mutations G719X
Authors: Ito Kimihiro , Nishio Makoto , Kato Masanori , Murakami Haruyasu , Aoyagi Yoshimi , Ohe Yuichiro , Okayama Takashige , Hashimoto Akihiro , Ohsawa Hirokazu , Tanaka Gotaro , Nonoshita Katsumasa , Ito Satoru , Matsuo Kenichi , Miyadera Kazutaka 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
TAS-121 is a novel orally active selective covalent inhibitor of the mutant EGFR. We performed preclinical characterization of TAS-121 and compared its efficacy and selectivity for common EGFR mutations (Ex19del and L858R), first- and second- generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance mutation (T790M), and uncommon mutations (G719X and L861Q) with those of other EGFR-TKIs. We also commenced investigation of the clinical benefits of TAS-121. The IC50 for intracellular EGFR phosphorylation was determined by using Jump-In GripTite HEK293 cells transiently transfected with EGFR expression vectors. Mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate the antitumor activity of TAS-121. TAS-121 potently inhibited common activating and resistance EGFR mutations to the same extent as another third-generation EGFR-TKI (osimertinib). In addition, TAS-121 showed equivalent inhibitory activity against some uncommon mutations such as G719X and L861Q. Furthermore, TAS-121 demonstrated greater selectivity for mutant EGFRs versus the wild-type EGFR compared with other EGFR-TKIs. Moreover, TAS-121 displayed antitumor activity in SW48 (EGFR G719S) and NCI-H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M) xenograft models, and achieved an objective response in patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutations including G719A mutation. In conclusion, TAS-121 is a novel third-generation EGFR-TKI and demonstrates antitumor activities in patients with NSCLC expressing either common or uncommon EGFR mutations.
New Model of Automated Patient-Reported Outcomes Applied in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hussein Ayman A. , Lindsay Bruce , Madden Ruth , Martin David , Saliba Walid I. , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Saqi Bilal , Rausch David J. , Dresing Thomas , Callahan Thomas , Chung Mina K. , Baranowski Bryan , Bhargava Mandeep , Cantillon Daniel , Rickard John , Kanj Mohamed , Tchou Patrick , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Nissen Steven E. , Wazni Oussama M. 
Published: March 2019

Background
The value of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is increasingly recognized in patient-centered care. Longitudinal data collection may be challenging and cost prohibitive. Automation of PRO collection may complement routine clinical follow-up, especially for procedures aiming to improve quality of life, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Methods
We aimed to develop a fully automated platform to collect PRO and evaluate its first clinical application in a prospective cohort of AF ablation. The duration of follow-up and data availability were assessed with automated PRO and routine follow-up versus routine follow-up alone (primary outcome). Quality of life and healthcare utilization (secondary outcomes) by PRO were assessed.

Results

Between 2013 and 2016, 2175 patients were eligible to receive 10 903 PRO assessment invitations, and the automated platform sent all invitations as programmed. More follow-up assessments were obtained with automated PRO and routine follow-up compared with routine follow-up alone (12 859 versus 10 248;
P
<0.0001) which allowed longer duration of follow-up (378 versus 217 days, 74% increase;
P
<0.0001). By automated PRO, a large number of disease-specific variables were collected and showed improvement in quality of life (baseline median AF symptom severity score AFSSS of 12 [6–18] and ranged between 2 and 3 on subsequent assessments;
P
<0.0001). This improvement was also true for each of the AFSSS individual components (
P
<0.0001). In PRO, there was a significant reduction in AF burden (such as frequency and duration of episodes;
P
<0.0001) and associated healthcare utilization (including emergency visits and hospitalizations;
P
<0.0001) after the ablation procedures.

Conclusions
A fully automated system for PRO collection enhanced clinical follow-up and allowed collection of disease-specific data when applied in a prospective cohort of AF ablation.
Degradation of Glycocalyx and Multiple Manifestations of Endothelial Dysfunction Coincide in the Early Phase of Endothelial Dysfunction Before Atherosclerotic Plaque Development in Apolipoprotein E/Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Bar Anna , Targosz‐Korecka Marta , Suraj Joanna , Proniewski Bartosz , Jasztal Agnieszka , Marczyk Brygida , Sternak Magdalena , Przybyło Magdalena , Kurpińska Anna , Walczak Maria , Kostogrys Renata B. , Szymonski Marek , Chlopicki Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Background
The impairment of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation, increased endothelial permeability, and glycocalyx degradation are all important pathophysiological components of endothelial dysfunction. However, it is still not clear whether in atherosclerosis, glycocalyx injury precedes other features of endothelial dysfunction or these events coincide.

Methods and Results
Herein, we demonstrate that in 4‐ to 8‐week‐old apolipoprotein E/low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐deficient mice, at the stage before development of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired acetylcholine‐induced vasodilation, reduced NO production in aorta, and increased endothelial permeability were all observed; however, flow‐mediated dilation in the femoral artery was fully preserved. In 4‐week‐old mice, glycocalyx coverage was reduced and endothelial stiffness was increased, whereas glycocalyx length was significantly decreased at 8 weeks of age. Early changes in endothelial function were also featured by increased plasma concentration of biomarkers of glycocalyx disruption (endocan), biomarkers of endothelial inflammation (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), increased vascular permeability (angiopoietin 2), and alterations in hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). In 28‐week‐old mice, at the stage of advanced atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired NO production and nearly all other features of endothelial dysfunction were changed to a similar extent, compared with the preatherosclerotic plaque phase. The exceptions were the occurrence of acetylcholine‐induced vasoconstriction in the aorta and brachiocephalic artery, impaired flow‐mediated vasodilation in the femoral artery, and further reduction of glycocalyx length and coverage with a concomitant further increase in endothelial permeability.

Conclusions
In conclusion, even at the early stage before the development of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial dysfunction is a complex multifactorial response that has not been previously appreciated.
Decision Analysis Model for Prehospital Triage of Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Xu Yaqian , Parikh Neal S. , Jiao Boshen , Willey Joshua Z. , Boehme Amelia K. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
We used a decision analysis approach to analyze triage strategies for patients with acute stroke symptoms while accounting for prehospital large vessel occlusion (LVO) screening methods and key time metrics.

Methods—
Our decision analysis compared anticipated functional outcomes for patients within the IV-tPA (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator) treatment window in the mothership and drip-and-ship frameworks. Key branches of the model included IV-tPA eligibility, presence of an LVO, and endovascular therapy eligibility. Our decision analysis evaluated 2 prehospital LVO screening approaches: (1) no formal screening and (2) the use of clinical LVO screening scales. An excellent outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale scores 0–1. Probabilities and workflow times were guideline-based or imputed from published studies. In sensitivity analyses, we individually and jointly varied transport time to the nearest primary stroke center, additional time required to transport directly to a comprehensive stroke center, and LVO screening scale predictive probabilities. We evaluated 2 separate scenarios: one in which ideal time metrics were achieved and one under current real-world metrics.

Results—
In the ideal metrics scenario, the drip-and-ship strategy was almost always favored in the absence of formal LVO screening. For patients screened positive for an LVO, mothership was favored if the additional transport time to the comprehensive stroke center was <3 to 23 minutes. Under real-world conditions, in which primary stroke center workflow is slower than ideal, the mothership strategy was favored in more scenarios, regardless of formal LVO screening. For example, mothership was favored with an additional transport time to the comprehensive stroke center of <32 to 99 minutes for patients screened positive for an LVO and <28 to 39 minutes in the absence of screening.

Conclusions—
Joint consideration of LVO probability, screening, workflow times, and transport times may improve prehospital stroke triage. Drip-and-ship was more favorable when more ideal primary stroke center workflow times were modeled.
Deferral of Consent in Acute Stroke Trials
Authors: Shamy Michel C.F. , Dewar Brian , Chevrier Stephanie , Wang Chu-Qi , Page Stacey , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
The ESCAPE trial (The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times) was a multicentre, randomized controlled trial of endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care for patients with acute ischemic stroke that allowed patients to be enrolled with deferred consent. We investigated the knowledge and opinions of these patients or their authorized third parties about the consent process.

Methods—
All patients (or their authorized third parties) enrolled with deferral of consent in ESCAPE were invited to complete a 12-question survey within the first 4 days of enrollment and again at 90 days. Questions investigated knowledge of the ESCAPE trial and opinions on deferral of consent.

Results—

Of 56 patients enrolled with deferred consent, 33 (59%) completed the initial survey, and of these, 27 (81%) completed the 90-day follow-up. Enrollment with deferred consent was not associated with a significant difference in door-to-randomization times (50.5 versus 57 minutes;
P
=0.29) but allowed these 56 patients to participate in the trial. Only 52% of respondents understood that patients could be randomized to thrombectomy or standard care, although most understood the other basic principles of the trial. At baseline and at 90 days, respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed with deferred consent in acute stroke trials generally (82% and 78%) and in the ESCAPE trial specifically (93% and 91%).

Conclusions—
Respondents generally disagreed with the use of deferred consent for enrollment in the ESCAPE trial and in stroke trials more generally.