bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regimen Study of High Myopia–Partial Reduction Orthokeratology
Authors: Lyu Tianbin , Wang Liya , Zhou Lutan , Qin Jian , Ma Hui , Shi Menghai 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
This study aims to compare the increase in refractive error and axial length, variation of endothelium cells, and ratio of corneal staining between two regimens of high myopia–partial reduction orthokeratology (ortho-k) in children.

Methods:
The present clinical prospective study recruited 102 high-myopia subjects (204 eyes). These subjects were randomly divided into three groups: (1) ortho-k group 1, subjects with a target myopia reduction of 6.00 D; (2) ortho-k group 2, subjects with a target myopia reduction of 4.00 D; and (3) control group, the refractive error of subjects was corrected using a pair of single-vision spectacles. Vision acuity, refractive error, and the cornea were examined at baseline, and at 2 days, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after commencing lens wear. The measurement of the axial length of the eyeball and a corneal endothelium examination were performed at baseline and at 12 months.

Results:
The uncorrected vision acuities improved in subjects in these groups after treatment with ortho-k. Furthermore, the diopters of myopia and corneal curvature significantly decreased at 1 month, and the values continuously improved at 12 months, when compared with subjects at 1 month (P<0.05). Subjects in the control group had a significant increase in refractive error (0.565±0.313 D) and axial length (0.294±0.136 mm), when compared with subjects in the ortho-k–treated groups (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in changes in refractive error and axial length between ortho-k groups 1 (0.101±0.176 mm) and 2 (0.123±0.193 mm) at 12 months (P>0.05). Furthermore, subjects in group 1 (28.97%) had a higher rate of corneal staining, when compared with subjects in group 2 (13.06%) (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The two ortho-k regimens, target reduction of 6.00 D and target of 4.00 D, had similar effects in controlling the increase in axial length and refractive error in high-myopia children. However, subjects with a target myopia reduction of 6.00 D had a higher rate of corneal staining than in subjects with a target myopia reduction of 4.00 D.
The Use of Ultrasonography in Expediting Septic Joint Identification and Treatment
Authors: Kim Samuel , Baradia Hussein , Sambasivan Ajai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This case report describes the use of ultrasonography in the identification of a joint effusion to guide diagnosis and management of septic arthritis. Our patient presented with pain, swelling, and erythema of the right thumb after having punctured her thumb with a cactus thorn. Results of physical examination demonstrated tenderness and restricted range of motion. Initial imaging with plain films was unrevealing, without bony and soft tissue abnormalities; however, ultrasound imaging of the interphalangeal joint revealed a focal effusion, and the patient was started on empiric Keflex. Because a focal effusion was visualized with ultrasonography, despite negative x-ray imaging, our patient underwent expedited surgical incision and drainage, foregoing joint aspiration. Intraoperative cultures grew Enterobacter 3 days after surgery, and the empiric antibiotic was adjusted to reflect sensitivities. At 2-wk follow-up, our patient showed near-complete resolution of her symptoms. This case report demonstrates the utility of ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of septic arthritis with the presence of a joint effusion that expedited successful treatment by foregoing joint aspiration in lieu of surgical intervention.
Kinetics of Ringer's Solution in Extracellular Dehydration and Hemorrhage
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Drobin Dan , Li Yuhong , Zdolsek Joachim 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ringer's solution might be used to treat volume depletion (extracellular dehydration) and hemorrhage, but there is no integrated view of how these fluid balance disorders influence the kinetics of the infused volume.

Methods:
Acute dehydration (mean 1.7 L) was induced by repeated doses of furosemide (5 mg) in 10 healthy male volunteers, and 0.5 L and 0.9 L of blood was withdrawn in random order on different occasions in another 10 male volunteers, just before administration of Ringer's acetate solution. Infusions performed in the normovolemic state served as controls. Measurements of blood hemoglobin and urinary excretion were used to create volume kinetic profiles that were analyzed using mixed-effects modeling software.

Results:
Infusions over 15 to 30 min showed a marked distribution phase during which the plasma volume transiently increased by 50% to 75% of the administered volume. Dehydration and hemorrhage accelerated redistribution but retarded the elimination; the half-life of the infused fluid increased from 36 to 51 min (mean) from 1 L of dehydration and to 95 min from 1 L of hemorrhage. Extravascular accumulation decreased with the dehydration volume and increased with the hemorrhage volume.
Simulations show that 60% as much Ringer is needed to replace volume depletion amounting to 1 L as compared with hemorrhage over a 2-h period. A continued but slower drip after the initial fluid resuscitation prevents rebound hypovolemia.

Conclusions:
Furosemide-induced dehydration and blood withdrawal in normotensive volunteers had modest effects on the Ringer's acetate kinetics. Urinary excretion was inhibited more by hemorrhage than by dehydration.
Necrosis Rather Than Apoptosis is the Dominant form of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Death in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Model
Authors: Tamada Nao , Tojo Kentaro , Yazawa Takuya , Goto Takahisa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) death, which is classified as apoptosis or necrosis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition to apoptosis, some types of necrosis are known to be molecularly regulated, and both apoptosis and necrosis can be therapeutic targets for diseases. However, the relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to AEC death during ARDS has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated which type of AEC death is dominant and whether regulated necrosis is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury, an experimental ARDS model. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the LPS-induced lung injury mice, both the levels of cytokeratin 18-M65 antigen (a marker of total epithelial cell death) and cytokeratin 18-M30 antigen (an epithelial apoptosis marker) were increased. The M30/M65 ratio, which is an indicator of the proportion of apoptosis to total epithelial cell death, was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. In addition, the number of propidium iodide-positive, membrane-disrupted cells was significantly higher than the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the lung sections of lung injury mice. Activated neutrophils seemed to mediate AEC death. Finally, we demonstrated that necroptosis, a regulated necrosis pathway, is involved in AEC death during LPS-induced lung injury. These results indicate that necrosis including necroptosis, rather than apoptosis, is the dominant type of AEC death in LPS-induced lung injury. Although further studies investigating human ARDS subjects are necessary, targeting necrosis including its regulated forms might represent a more efficient approach to protecting the alveolar epithelial barrier during ARDS.
Primary Fascial Closure During Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair Improves Patient Quality of Life
Authors: Bernardi Karla , Olavarria Oscar A. , Holihan Julie L. , Kao Lillian S. , Ko Tien C. , Roth John S. , Tsuda Shawn , Vaziri Khashayar , Liang Mike K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Observational studies have reported conflicting results with primary fascial closure (PFC) versus bridged repair during laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR).

Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine whether when evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), PFC compared to bridged repair would improve patient quality of life (QoL).

Methods:
In this blinded, multicenter RCT, patients scheduled for elective LVHR (hernia defects 3 to 10 cm on computed tomography scan) were randomized to PFC versus bridged repair. Primary outcome was change in QoL after LVHR using a validated, hernia-specific survey (1 = poor QoL and 100 = perfect QoL) that measures pain, function, cosmesis, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were postoperative surgical site occurrences (including hematoma, seroma, surgical site infection, and wound dehiscence), abdominal eventration, and hernia recurrence. The trial was powered to detect a difference in change in QoL of 7 points between the study groups. Outcomes were compared with Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square.

Results:
A total of 129 patients underwent LVHR and 107 (83%) completed follow-up at 2 years. Patients from both groups were similar at baseline. On median follow-up of 24 months (range: 9–42), patients treated with LVHR-PFC had on average a 12-point higher improvement in QoL compared to bridged repair (improvement in QoL, 41.3 ± 31.5 vs 29.7 ± 28.7, P value = 0.047). There were no differences in surgical site occurrence, eventration, or hernia recurrence between groups.

Conclusions:
Among patients undergoing elective LVHR, the fascial defect should be closed. This is the first RCT demonstrating that PFC with LVHR significantly improves patient QoL.

Trial Registration:
This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02363790)
Evaluating Cognitive-Linguistic Deficits Postconcussion in Adults
Authors: Brown Jessica , Knollman-Porter Kelly 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:We sought to document the cognitive-linguistic challenges experienced by 3 adults with concussion at varying lengths postinjury.Method:A multiple case study design utilized motivational interviewing techniques, 4 self-report measurement tools, and 5 standardized neurocognitive tests. The 1 female and 2 male participants were 1, 21, and 37 months postconcussion.Results:All participants self-reported cognitive and linguistic challenges significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. Cognitively, participants demonstrated deficits in independence, metacognition, and cognitive flexibility. Linguistically, participants demonstrated deficits in verbal memory, verbal fluency, and reading. The participant 1-month postconcussion demonstrated deficits on multiple standardized measures; however, participants in the chronic phase of recovery demonstrated substantially more self-reported deficits than were noted on standardized testing.Discussion:Evaluation of cognitive-linguistic deficits postconcussion requires both self-report and standardized measurement; however, limitations of both tools exist. We discuss clinical implications for professionals selecting testing measures for use in this population.
Management and Recovery Patterns Following Sport-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Male and Female College Athletes
Authors: Knollman-Porter Kelly , Thaxton Sarah , Hughes Michael R. , Constantinidou Fofi 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:We examined patterns in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management and recovery exhibited by male and female athletes over the 19-year history of a Division 1 University Concussion Management Program.Methods:We examined 234 diagnosed mTBIs and compared time required to return to baseline on neurocognitive and self-report symptom measures for male and female athletes.Results:Males and females sustained 63.3% and 36.7% of mTBI, respectively. Athletes required on average 11.89 days to return to baseline on neurocognitive assessments and 11.83 days to report being symptom-free. There was a significant difference in the number of days until genders were symptom-free, with males and females requiring on average 10.11 days and 14.30 days, respectively.Discussion:More collegiate athletes received pre- and post-mTBI management than in the past. There is a continued need to examine patterns of neurocognitive and symptom recovery, which may lead to earlier detection of athletes at risk for persistent post-mTBI symptoms.
A Comparison of Student and Parent Knowledge and Perceived Confidence About Brain Injury and Concussion
Authors: O'Brien Katy H. , Schellinger Sarah K. , Hwang Brenda L. , LaPlaca Michelle C. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:The public has long had misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its effects. Concussion education targeted toward athletes has been increasing with passage of return-to-play laws in all 50 states. The current study examined differences in public knowledge about TBI and concussion, and the extent to which students and parents in the general public may have benefited from increased availability of education around concussion.Methods:At a public fair, 246 students, parents, and other adults completed a survey adapted from existing TBI and concussion knowledge surveys. Participants also rated their confidence in accuracy of their responses.Results:There were no group differences on TBI knowledge or confidence. Parents scored slightly higher on concussion knowledge than students, and knowing someone with a TBI or concussion was also associated with higher scores. Confidence was only weakly related to concussion knowledge. Overall concussion knowledge scores were higher than TBI knowledge scores. Knowledge and confidence were not associated with sports participation.Discussion:Given similarities in TBI knowledge across groups, but that parents outpace students in concussion knowledge, parents may have greater exposure or heightened awareness of concussion information education opportunities. Lower confidence in students suggests an openness to education and opportunities for prevention of injuries.
Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in Cataract Patients with Corneal Opacity
Authors: Ra Ho , Kim Hyun Seung , Kim Man Soo , Kim Eun Chul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract patient with corneal opacity and high astigmatism.Methods31 eyes of 31 patients who underwent cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation were included. All patients had corneal opacity with regular astigmatism. Preoperative total corneal astigmatism was determined considering posterior astigmatism using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam®: Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). At 2 months after toric intraocular lens implantation, we evaluated residual astigmatism, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsPostoperative UCVA and BCVA (0.30 ± 0.17, 0.22 ± 0.16LogMAR) statistically improved compared to preoperative UCVA and BCVA (1.2 ± 0.34, 1.1 ± 0.30LogMAR, respectively) (P<0.01). Postoperative residual refractive astigmatism (1.2 ± 0.35D) was statistically reduced compared to preoperative refractive astigmatism (2.4 ± 0.65D) (P<0.05). Preoperative and postoperative total corneal astigmatism values were not statistically different. All cases achieved visual acuity were as good as or better than that preoperatively. The percentage of corneal opacity covering pupillary area had significant negative correlation with postoperative UCVA and BCVA (logMAR) (R=-0.88 P<0.00001 and R=-0.87 P<0.00001, respectively)ConclusionToric intraocular lens implantation can improve UCVA, BCVA, and refractive astigmatism in cataract patient with corneal opacity. The percentage of central corneal opacity covering pupillary area is the major prognostic factor for postoperative visual improvement. Therefore, toric intraocular lens implantation should be considered for cataract patients who have corneal opacity with high astigmatism.
A protocol to automatically calculate homo-oligomeric protein structures through the integration of evolutionary constraints and ambiguous contacts derived from solid- or solution-state NMR
Authors: Sala Davide , Cerofolini Linda , Fragai Marco , Giachetti Andrea , Luchinat Claudio , Rosato Antonio 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTProtein assemblies are involved in many important biological processes. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is a technique suitable for the structural characterization of samples with high molecular weight and thus can be applied to such assemblies. A significant bottleneck in terms of both effort and time required is the manual identification of unambiguous intermolecular contacts. This is particularly challenging for homo-oligomeric complexes, where simple uniform labeling may not be effective. We tackled this challenge by exploiting coevolution analysis to extract information on homo-oligomeric interfaces from NMR-derived ambiguous contacts. After removing the evolutionary couplings (ECs) that are already satisfied by the 3D structure of the monomer, the predicted ECs are matched with the automatically generated list of experimental contacts. This approach provides a selection of potential interface residues that is used directly in monomer-monomer docking calculations. We validated the protocol on tetrameric L-asparaginase II and dimeric Sod1.
Innate immune recognition of a bacterial MAMP leads to conditional activation of pro- or anti-inflammatory responses
Authors: Park Joo-Hong , Cornick Steve , Nigro Giulia , Sevrin Gwladys , Déjardin François , Smits Ron , Bérard Marion , Langa Francina , Boneca Ivo G. , Gewirtz Andrew , Chassaing Benoit , Barnich Nicolas , Sansonetti Philippe , Eberl Gérard 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMicrobe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Flagellin, the primary component of bacterial flagella, is recognized by membrane TLR5 and cytoplasmic NLRC4 receptors, which promote a vigorous pro-inflammatory response typically associated with bacterial infection. However, herein, we report that the nature of the flagellin-induced response is highly dependent on the physiological state of the tissue. Specifically, in the steady state, epithelial cell detection of flagellin orchestrates an anti-inflammatory response mediated by IL-33-dependent type 2 regulatory T cells while, in the context of injury, it induces a pro-inflammatory response mediated by myeloid cells, IL-18 and Th17 cells. Likewise, in the absence of infection, bacterial symbionts expressing high levels of flagellin induce a type 2 response. These data demonstrate that, depending on the inflammatory state of the milieu, MAMPs can function both as immunogens or tolerogens.
The impact of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the endocannabinoid system
Authors: Chevalier Grégoire , Siopi Eleni , Guenin-Macé Laure , Pascal Maud , Laval Thomas , Rifflet Aline , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Demangel Caroline , Leulier François , Lepousez Gabriel , Eberl Gérard , Lledo Pierre-Marie 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota, but causality remains yet to be established. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse model of depression, we show that the UCMS mice display phenotypic alterations — characterized by an altered gut microbiota composition, a reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a depressive-like behaviors — which could be transferred from UCMS donors to naïve recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. The cellular and behavioral alterations observed in recipient mice were accompanied by a decrease in the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling due to lower peripheral levels of fatty acid precursors of eCB ligands. The adverse effects of UCMS-transferred microbiota on adult neurogenesis and behavior in naïve recipient mice were alleviated by selectively enhancing the central eCB tone or by adding arachidonic acid, a fatty acid precursor of eCB ligands, to the diet. In the gut of both UCMS donors and recipients, the microbiota composition was characterized by a relative decrease inLactobacilliabundance, and complementation of the UCMS recipient microbiota with a strain of theLactobacilligenus was sufficient to restore normal eCB brain levels, hippocampal neurogenesis and to alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Our findings provide a mechanistic scenario for how chronic stress, diet and gut microbiota dysbiosis generate a pathological feed-forward loop that contributes to despair behavior via the central eCB system.
Sex Differences in Age-related Impairments Vary across Cognitive and Physical Assessments in Rats
Authors: Hernandez Abbi R. , Truckenbrod Leah M. , Campos Keila T. , Williams Sonora A. , Burke Sara N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInclusion of female subjects in biomedical research is imperative for understanding the mechanisms of age-related cognitive decline, as more than half of individuals older than 65 are female. Few behavioral and physical assays, however, have been conducted in both sexes within the same study. In the current experiments young and aged male and female rats underwent a battery of cognitive and physical assessments to examine for potential sex and age differences. Physical performance was measured with a rotarod test of motor coordination, assessment of maximum grip strength and swim speed. While there were differences between males and females in rotarod and grip strength, there was also a clear age-dependent decline in physical performance in both sexes. Cognitive assessment included the Morris watermaze test of hippocampal dependent spatial navigation and a biconditional association task (BAT) with a working memory (WM) component. Notably, a similar BAT has previously been validated as a more sensitive assay of age-related cognitive decline than the watermaze in male rats, which is replicated here in both female and male rats. Furthermore, young and aged female rats both spent a similar percent of time in each estrus cycle phase and phase did not influence WM/BAT performance. In conclusion, robust age differences in biconditional association task performance are observed in both sexes with no need for increased cohort size. Thus, future studies utilizing similar behavioral paradigms should be representative of the human population they intend to model through the inclusion of female subjects.
The Clp System in Malaria Parasites Degrades Essential Substrates to Regulate Plastid Biogenesis
Authors: Florentin A. , Stephens D.R. , Brooks C.F. , Baptista R.P. , Muralidharan V 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, contains an essential plastid called the apicoplast. Most of apicoplast proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and it is unclear how the plastid proteome is regulated. Here, we study an apicoplast-localized caseinolytic-protease (Clp) system and how it regulates organelle proteostasis. Using null and conditional mutants, we demonstrated that the Clp protease (PfClpP) has robust enzymatic activity that is essential for apicoplast biogenesis. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9 based system to express catalytically-dead PfClpP, which showed that PfClpP oligomerizes as a zymogen and matured via trans-autocatalysis. The expression of a Clp chaperone (PfClpC) mutant led to the discovery of a functional chaperone-protease interaction essential for plastid function. Conditional mutants of the substrate-adaptor (PfClpS) demonstrated its essential function in plastid biogenesis. A combination of multiple affinity purification screens identified the Clp complex composition as well as putative Clp substrates. This comprehensive study reveals the molecular composition and interactions influencing the proteolytic function of the apicoplast Clp system and demonstrates its central role in the biogenesis of the plastid in malaria parasites.