bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Arrangement of Fins in a Free Convection-Based Solar Air Heater
Authors: Kumar Digpal , Premachandran B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the details of a numerical study performed for the optimum fin arrangement in a solar air heater with a rectangular fin array attached to the bottom side of the absorber plate have been presented. Results have been presented for various fin sizes and spacing between the fins, while the heat transfer and fluid flow are directed by natural convection. An inclined rectangular channel similar to the dimensions of a typical solar air heater has been considered. Three different fin configurations, namely, continuous long fins for the whole length of the channel, in-line interrupted and staggered interrupted arrangements of fins, have been studied. The present analysis aims to identify the optimum configuration of the fin array for enhanced heat transfer. The spacing between the fins and the height of the fins are varied to obtain an optimum configuration. The numerical simulations are performed for heat flux (q″) ranging from 250 to 750 W/m2 on the absorber plate. The inclination angles of the channel (θ) have been maintained at 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg from the horizontal plane. The results show that with the spacing between fins, S = 5.4 cm performs better in the case of longitudinal continuous fin arrangement. However, a fin spacing of 4.75 cm shows a higher heat transfer in the case of staggered fin configuration. In comparison with nine long uninterrupted fins, using the staggered arrangement with 15 × 10 fins saves up to 33% of fin material.
Protective behaviours of near work and time outdoors in myopia prevalence and progression in myopic children: a 2-year prospective population study
Authors: Huang Pin-Chen , Hsiao Ya-Chuan , Tsai Ching-Yao , Tsai Der-Chong , Chen Chi-Wen , Hsu Chih-Chien , Huang Shier-Chieg , Lin Meng-Hui , Liou Yiing-Mei 
Published: October 2019

AimTo investigate the protective behaviours of longer near work distance, discontinuing near work and more time outdoors in recess from parent self-report in the myopia prevalence and progression among myopic children aged 9–11 years.MethodsMyopia Investigation study in Taipei is a longitudinal population-based study that enrolled elementary school students in Taipei. We provided vision and refraction examination every 6 months. Spherical equivalent (SE) of cycloplegic refraction ≤−0.50 Diopter (D) is defined as myopia. Total 10 743 (70.4%) students completed 2-year refraction data and questionnaire. The myopia prevalence and progression (difference of SE) in baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were compared by generalised estimating equations.ResultsChildren with persistent protective behaviour had significant lower prevalence of myopia. The protective impact was statistically significant from 6 to 24 months. In 2 years follow-up, risk ratio after adjusting the background variables and the other two behaviours in near work distance, near work time and outdoor time were 0.71, 0.89 and 0.77. In SE analysis, after adjusting the other two behaviours, near work distance >30 cm (−0.7 vs −1.04 D; p<0.001), discontinuing near work every 30 min (−0.77 vs −0.96 D, p=0.005) and more time outdoors in recess from parent self-report (−0.75 vs −0.98 D; p=0.012) revealed protective impacts on diminishing myopia progression from 6 to 24 months.ConclusionIn myopic children aged around 10 years in Taipei, longer distance in near work, discontinuing near work every 30 min and more outdoor time from parent self-report are protective behaviours in myopia prevalence and progression in 6–24 months.
Predictors of treatment response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for choroidal neovascularisation secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Romdhane Khaled , Zola Marta , Matet Alexandre , Daruich Alejandra , Elalouf Martine , Behar-Cohen Francine , Mantel Irmela 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) complicating central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging, and to identify possible predictive factors of the treatment response.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData of 27 eyes with CNV complicating CSC treated with anti-VEGF therapy (either ranibizumab or aflibercept) were reviewed. Response to anti-VEGF treatment was evaluated by change in visual acuity, intra/subretinal fluid modifications and CNV changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for central retinal thickness (CRT) change and for the relative degree of treatment response (complete, incomplete or absent fluid reduction).ResultsCRT was significantly reduced at 32±15 days after 2.8±1.3 injections (p=0.0004) as was the subretinal fluid (p=0002). Complete fluid resorption was observed in 45% of cases. Best corrected visual acuity did not significantly improve (p=0.18). CNV area (p=0.09) and CNV flow area (p=0.07) did not significantly decrease. No changes in CNV pattern were noted. Univariate analysis identified greater CRT at baseline (p<0.0001), greater amount of subretinal fluid (p<0.0001), a shorter period of retinal fluid (p=0.04) and female gender (p=0.04) as predictors for CRT reduction. After multivariate analysis the factor of greater CRT at baseline (p<0.0001) proved independent. The degree of treatment response was dependent on the size of CNV surface (p=0.05) and flow area (p=0.05) on OCTA in the univariate analysis, and the latter independent after multivariate analysis. In addition, a shorter time period of retinal fluid appeared to play a role (p=0.01 multivariate, p=0.19 univariate).ConclusionThe anti-VEGF response was highly variable and often incomplete, suggesting that CNV was not solely responsible for the fluid accumulation. Predictive factors may guide indication for anti-VEGF in CNV associated with CSC.
Efficacy of a new automated method for quantification of corneal neovascularisation
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Yang Hee Kyung , Lee Yun Ji , Hyon Joon Young , Kim Kwang Gi , Han Sang Beom 
Published: October 2019

Background/aimsTo evaluate the efficacy of a new automated method for quantification of corneal neovascularisation (NV).MethodsAn in-house software for automated measurement of corneal NV was developed. Anterior segment photographs (ASPs) of 81 consecutive patients with corneal NV were analysed using our newly developed software. Manual measurements were performed by three independent examiners using ImageJ software V.1.48 (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Interobserver reliability of the automated and manual methods, and correlations between the results of both methods were evaluated.ResultsThe automated method showed a strong interexaminer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.994), which was slightly better than the manual method (ICC=0.958). A significant correlation was found between the results of both methods (p<0.001 for all three examiners). The time spent for analysis of each ASP was significantly reduced in the automated method compared with the manual method (p<0.001 for all three examiners).ConclusionsOur newly developed automated method for quantification of corneal NV was more reproducible and time-saving compared with the manual method. Our method can be useful for diagnosis and monitoring diseases causing corneal NV.
Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of moderate hypothermia versus normothermia on mortality in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) (HYPO-ECMO study)
Authors: Jacquot Audrey , Lepage Xavier , Merckle Ludovic , Girerd Nicolas , Levy Bruno 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is widely used to support the most severe forms of cardiogenic shock (CS). Nevertheless, despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, mortality still remains high (50%). Moderate hypothermia (MH) (33°C–34°C) may improve cardiac performance and decrease ischaemia–reperfusion injuries. The use of MH during VA-ECMO is strongly supported by experimental and preliminary clinical data.Methods and analysisThe Hypothermia-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (HYPO-ECMO) study is a multicentre, prospective, controlled randomised trial between an MH group (33°C≤T°C≤34°C) and normothermia group (36°C≤T°C≤37°C). The primary endpoint is all-cause mortality at day 30 following randomisation. The study will also assess as secondary endpoints the effects of targeted temperature management strategies on (1) mortality rate at different time points, (2) organ failure and supportive treatment use and (3) safety. All intubated adults with refractory CS supported with VA-ECMO will be screened. Exclusion criteria are patients having undergone cardiac surgery for heart transplantation or left or biventricular assist device implantation, acute poisoning with cardiotoxic drugs, pregnancy, uncontrolled bleeding and refractory cardiac arrest.Three-hundred and thirty-four patients will be randomised and followed up to 6 months to detect a 15% difference in mortality. Data analysis will be intention to treat. The differences between the two study groups in the risk of all-cause mortality at day 30 following randomisation will be studied using logistic regression analysis adjusted for postcardiotomy setting, prior cardiac arrest, prior myocardial infarction, age, vasopressor dose, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and lactate at randomisation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Est III Ethics Committee. The trial has been approved by the French Health Authorities (Agence Nationale de la Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé). Dissemination of results will be performed via journal articles and presentations at national and international conferences. Since this study is also the first step in the constitution of an ‘ECMO Trials Group’, its results will also be disseminated by the aforementioned group.Trial registration numberNCT 02754193.
Optimisation of diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in a primary care setting
Authors: Bakhai Smita , Bhardwaj Aishwarya , Phan Huy , Varghese Shane , Gudleski Gregory D , Reynolds Jessica L 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of emergency department visits and hospital admissions in the USA. We identified a gap in the diagnosis and the use of guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with HF at the internal medicine clinic.AimTo improve the diagnosis and treatment of HF, as well as to reduce emergency department visits and hospitalisation over 12 months in patients aged 40–75 years.MethodsThe multidisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team performed a root cause analysis and identified barriers to optimal guideline-directed medical therapy. Rates of patients on guideline-directed medical therapy with systolic HF diagnosis, emergency department visits and hospital admissions were the outcome measures. The process measures included echocardiogram order and completion rates, and rates of accurate classification of HF from the baseline rate of less than 10%. We used the focus, analyse, develop, execute and evaluate (FADE) model with five improvement cycles. The major components of interventions included (1) leveraging health information technology; (2) optimising teamwork; and (3) providing education to patients, physicians and internal medicine clinic staff. Data were analysed using statistical process control and run charts.ResultsWe observed a reduction in the total number of emergency department visits (160 vs 108), hospital admissions (117 vs 114) and observation visits (22 vs 16) comparing the 1-year preproject and 1-year postproject periods. An increase in the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers occurred from the baseline rate of 20%–37% during the second half of the project and was sustained at 71.4% (median) during 6 months of the postproject period.ConclusionsWe achieved a sustainable increase in the accurate diagnosis of HF and achieved 80% diagnosis during the 6-month poststudy period.
Inequalities in time from stopping paid work to death: findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study, 2001–2011
Authors: Murray Emily T , Carr Ewan , Zaninotto Paola , Head Jenny , Xue Baowen , Stansfeld Stephen , Beach Brian , Shelton Nicola 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundUK state pension eligibility ages are linked to average life expectancy, which ignores wide socioeconomic disparities in both healthy and overall life expectancy.ObjectivesInvestigate whether there are occupational social class differences in the amount of time older adults live after they stop work, and how much of these differences are due to health.MethodsParticipants were 76 485 members of the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS), who were 50–75 years at the 2001 census and had stopped work by the 2011 census. Over 10 years of follow-up, we used censored linear regression to estimate mean differences in years between stopping work and death by occupational social class.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, both social class and health were independent predictors of postwork duration (mean difference (95% CI): unskilled class vs professional: 2.7 years (2.4 to 3.1); not good vs good health: 2.4 years (1.9 to 2.9)), with LS members in the three manual classes experiencing ~1 additional year of postwork duration than professional workers (interaction p values all <0.001). Further adjustment for gender and educational qualifications was reduced but did not eliminate social class and postwork duration associations. We estimate the difference in postwork years between professional classes in good health and unskilled workers not in good health as 5.1 years for women (21.0 vs 26.1) and 5.5 years for men (19.5 vs 25.0).ConclusionsLower social class groups are negatively affected by uniform state pension ages, because they are more likely to stop work at younger ages due to health reasons.
Greater energy demand of exercise during pregnancy does not impact mechanical efficiency
Authors: Denize Kathryn M. , Akbari Pegah , da Silva Danilo Fernandes , Haman Francois , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: October 2019

Pregnant women are recommended to engage in 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week to reduce pregnancy complications. Many women struggle to remain physically active throughout pregnancy, and there is no consensus about whether women adopt a less efficient movement pattern as they progress through pregnancy and experience gestational weight gain. This study assessed the change in energy expenditure and mechanical efficiency in pregnant women (PREG; n = 10) when performing a walking treadmill task in early, mid, and late pregnancy and also compared with an age- and body mass index-matched, nonpregnant (CON; n = 10) group. On average, the PREG group gained within the Institute of Medicine’s gestational weight gain guidelines (11.6 ± 3.6 kg) and were all inactive (measured using accelerometry), except for 1 participant, by the third trimester, as per the 2019 Canadian physical activity guidelines for pregnant women. Energy expended to complete the walking task increased throughout pregnancy and was higher than the controls (111.5 ± 24.6 kcal) in mid and late pregnancy (139.0 ± 22.2 kcal, p = 0.02, and 147.3 ± 24.6 kcal, p = 0.005, respectively), but not early pregnancy (129.9 ± 18.9 kcal, p = 0.08). Walking mechanical efficiency was similar within pregnant women at each time point and compared to nonpregnant controls. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that pregnant women can safely perform physical activity by showing that walking mechanical efficiency is unchanged at low to moderate intensities. Novelty Energy demand during exercise increases proportionally to weight gain across pregnancy trimesters. However, mechanical efficiency remains unchanged during low- to moderate-intensity walking.
Exploring the deviation of cosmological constant by a generalized pressure parameterization
Authors: Wang Jun-Chao , Meng Xin-He 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We bring forward a generalized pressure (GP) parameterization for dark energy to explore the evolution of the universe. This parametric model has covered three common pressure parameterization types and can be reconstructed as quintessence and phantom scalar fields, respectively. We adopt the cosmic chronometer (CC) datasets to constrain the parameters. The results show that the inferred late-universe parameters of the GP parameterization are (within $$1\sigma $$1σ): the present value of Hubble constant $$H_{0}=(72.30^{+1.26}_{-1.37}) \ \hbox {km s}^{-1}\hbox { Mpc}^{-1}$$H0=(72.30-1.37+1.26)kms-1Mpc-1; the matter density parameter $$\Omega _{\text {m0}}=0.302^{+0.046}_{-0.047}$$Ωm0=0.302-0.047+0.046, and the bias of the universe towards quintessence. Then we perform a dynamic analysis on the GP parameterization and find that there is an attractor or a saddle point in the system corresponding to the different values of the parameters. Finally, we discuss the ultimate fate of the universe under the phantom scenario in the GP parameterization. It is demonstrated that the three cases of pseudo rip, little rip, and big rip are all possible.
Synthesizing Facial Photometries and Corresponding Geometries Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Shamai Gil , Slossberg Ron , Kimmel Ron 
Published: October 2019

Artificial data synthesis is currently a well-studied topic with useful applications in data science, computer vision, graphics, and many other fields. Generating realistic data is especially challenging, since human perception is highly sensitive to non-realistic appearance. In recent times, new levels of realism have been achieved by advances in GAN training procedures and architectures. These successful models, however, are tuned mostly for use with regularly sampled data such as images, audio, and video. Despite the successful application of the architecture on these types of media, applying the same tools to geometric data poses a far greater challenge. The study of geometric deep learning is still a debated issue within the academic community, as the lack of intrinsic parametrization inherent to geometric objects prohibits the direct use of convolutional filters, a main building block of today’s machine learning systems.
In this article, we propose a new method for generating realistic human facial geometries coupled with overlayed textures. We circumvent the parametrization issue by utilizing a specialized non-rigid alignment procedure, and imposing a global mapping from our data to the unit rectangle. This mapping enables the representation of our geometric data as regularly sampled 2D images. We further discuss how to design such a mapping to control the distortion and conserve area within the target image. By representing geometric textures and geometries as images, we are able to use advanced GAN methodologies to generate new plausible textures and geometries. We address the often-neglected topic of relationship between texture and geometry and propose different methods for fitting generated geometries to generated textures. In addition, we widen the scope of our discussion and offer a new method for training GAN models on partially corrupted data. Finally, we provide empirical evidence demonstrating our generative model’s ability to produce examples of new facial identities, independent from the training data, while maintaining a high level of realism—two traits that are often at odds.
Stearoyl CoA Desaturase Regulates Ferroptosis in Ovarian Cancer Offering New Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Carbone Michele , Melino Gerry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Better therapies are urgently needed for ovarian cancer, which is associated with an overall median survival of less than 5 years from diagnosis. In this issue of Cancer Research, Tesfay and colleagues show that stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1) is expressed at high levels in different isotypes of ovarian cancer and that SCD1 protects ovarian cancer cells from cell death. Pharmaceutical inhibition of SCD1 induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Combination therapies of SCD1 inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers significantly decrease ovarian tumor masses in mice. This novel therapy may prove useful to treat women with ovarian cancer.
See related article by Tesfay et al., p. 5355
Atrial Fibrillation Burden Signature and Near-Term Prediction of Stroke
Authors: Han Lichy , Askari Mariam , Altman Russ B. , Schmitt Susan K. , Fan Jun , Bentley Jason P. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Turakhia Mintu P. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke 5-fold and there is rising interest to determine if AF severity or burden can further risk stratify these patients, particularly for near-term events. Using continuous remote monitoring data from cardiac implantable electronic devices, we sought to evaluate if machine learned signatures of AF burden could provide prognostic information on near-term risk of stroke when compared to conventional risk scores.

Methods and Results:

We retrospectively identified Veterans Health Administration serviced patients with cardiac implantable electronic device remote monitoring data and at least one day of device-registered AF. The first 30 days of remote monitoring in nonstroke controls were compared against the past 30 days of remote monitoring before stroke in cases. We trained 3 types of models on our data: (1) convolutional neural networks, (2) random forest, and (3) L1 regularized logistic regression (LASSO). We calculated the CHA
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DS
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-VASc score for each patient and compared its performance against machine learned indices based on AF burden in separate test cohorts. Finally, we investigated the effect of combining our AF burden models with CHA
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DS
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-VASc. We identified 3114 nonstroke controls and 71 stroke cases, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Random forest performed the best in the test data set (area under the curve [AUC]=0.662) and convolutional neural network in the validation dataset (AUC=0.702), whereas CHA
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DS
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-VASc had an AUC of 0.5 or less in both data sets. Combining CHA
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DS
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-VASc with random forest and convolutional neural network yielded a validation AUC of 0.696 and test AUC of 0.634, yielding the highest average AUC on nontraining data.

Conclusions:

This proof-of-concept study found that machine learning and ensemble methods that incorporate daily AF burden signature provided incremental prognostic value for risk stratification beyond CHA
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DS
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-VASc for near-term risk of stroke.