bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and comparison of Diagnosis of TIA (DOT) score as a new clinical diagnostic tool for patients with a clinical diagnosis of transient ischemic attack in China
Authors: Yuan Junliang , Jia Zejin , Song Yangguang , Hu Wenli 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Recently, [the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA), DOT) score was considered to be a new tool for non-specialists to diagnose TIA more accurately with the sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 76%. However, the DOT score has not yet been validated externally in patients with TIA in China. Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive 500 patients with transient neurological symptoms, who were admitted to our hospital and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during hospitalization between Jan 2016 and Dec 2018. Patients with transient neurological symptoms were divided into two subgroups: TIA mimic group (N=140, 28%) and definite cerebrovascular events group (including tissue-based TIA (N=252, 50.4%) and minor stroke (N=108, 21.6%)). The demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and scores of ABCD2, ABCD3-I, Dawson and DOT were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 500 patients with transient neurological symptoms (mean age, 61.1±12.8) were enrolled and 70% (N=350) were male. Comparing with TIA mimic groups, patients with definite cerebrovascular events group were correlated with higher diastolic blood pressure, higher proportion of motor weakness and speech abnormalities, the higher levels of uric acid and homocysteine, and the scores of ABCD2, ABCD3-I, Dawson, and DOT. The logistic regression analysis showed diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.026, CI 1.006-1.046, P=0.011), ABCD3-I (OR 1.219, CI 1.032-1.440, P=0.020) and DOT (OR 1.462, CI 1.305-1.637, P=0.001) were independently predicted the occurrence of definite cerebrovascular events. The score of DOT showed the greatest area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.728), with a sensitivity of 70.3% and specificity of 62.9%, respectively. The optimal cut point for DOT was 0.455 using the Youden Index. Conclusion: Our findings showed DOT score performed relatively good calibration and discrimination. As a novel tool of TIA, further validations are needed externally in patients with TIA with multiple centers in large samples in China.
Simultaneous cardio-cerebral embolization due to atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Abe Soichiro , Tanaka Kanta , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sonoda Kazutaka , Hayashi Hiroya , Yoneda Shuichi , Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Simultaneous cerebral and myocardial infarction is called cardiocerebral infarction (CCI), and is rarely encountered. Because of the narrow time window and complex pathophysiology, CCI is challenging to immediately diagnose and treat.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old woman suddenly developed right hemiplegia and severe aphasia. Twelve-lead electrocardiography showed tachycardic atrial fibrillation without any significant ST-T change. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. She was immediately treated with alteplase at the dosage approved for ischemic stroke followed by mechanical thrombectomy, and complete recanalization was achieved. Aphasia improved and she began to complain of chest pain, and reported that she had experienced chest discomfort just prior to right limb weakness. Coronary angiography showed a partial filling defect in the right coronary artery with rapid and adequate distal flow, for which percutaneous coronary intervention was not required. Alteplase was suggested to have effectively resolved the coronary emboli. The occlusions of the cerebral and coronary arteries were assumed to have occurred nearly simultaneously and cardiogenic embolism due to atrial fibrillation was considered as the most likely etiology.

Conclusions

As seen in the present case, CCI may benefit from immediate treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). Although which of percutaneous coronary intervention or cerebral thrombectomy should be performed first remains unclear, we must decide to rescue the brain or heart first in each patient within a limited window of time. In this era with both IV-tPA and mechanical thrombectomy robustly established as effective intervention for acute ischemic stroke, close cooperation between stroke physicians and cardiologists is becoming more important.
Potential Phosphorus Export in Snowmelt as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement Method in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Wiens Jordan T. , Cade‐Menun Barbara J. , Weiseth Blake , Schoenau Jeff J. 
Published: April 2019

Placement strategies for P fertilizer can affect P availability to crops and influence the amounts and forms of P removed from soil in runoff, contributing to eutrophication. On the Canadian prairies, most runoff occurs during snowmelt. Two adjacent farm fields in Saskatchewan, Canada, were used to assess the effects of spring P fertilizer placement on crop P uptake, residual soil P, and potential P export in simulated snowmelt. One was in conventional tillage (CT) with no history of P fertilization, and the other was in a no‐till (NT) system with multiyear P fertilization at recommended rates. Fertilization (monoammonium phosphate) treatments were no P fertilizer (control); seed placed, deep banded, and broadcast and incorporated at 20 kg P2O5 ha−1; and broadcast treatments at 20, 40, and 80 kg P2O5 ha−1. Yield and P uptake were not affected by placement method. Water‐extractable P at the soil surface after harvest was unaffected by placement or rate at either site but increased below the 5‐cm depth at the NT site in 2016. Broadcast treatments increased P in runoff relative to in‐soil P placement for the 20‐ and 80‐kg P2O5 ha−1 treatments at the CT site and for the 80‐kg P2O5 ha−1 treatment at the NT site. Thus, in‐soil application of P fertilizer appears to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of P export in snowmelt runoff.Core Ideas
In‐soil fertilizer placement reduced P loss in snowmelt runoff from cropland.
Broadcasting P fertilizer increased P loss in snowmelt runoff.
Crop yield and P uptake were not affected by fertilizer placement method.
Soil P was largely unaffected by placement over the 1 or 2 yr of the study.
Metal Contamination Hotspots at Unregulated Firearm Target Shooting Sites in the Everglades
Authors: Hoch J. Matthew , Bruce Megan 
Published: April 2019

Hunters and target shooters can introduce metals into the environment in the form of firearm ammunition, elevating environmental levels of these metals, which may cause plant and animal toxicity. We explored metal accumulation in the Florida Everglades at sites used for firearm target shooting that are unlicensed, unregulated, and not patrolled by law enforcement. We compared concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Al in water and soil among study sites, control sites, and a public shooting range. We also tested plants and invertebrates to identify bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Lead and Cu concentrations in the soil at the target sites were elevated (Pb mean: 11,500.1 μg g−1; Cu mean: 1558.7 μg g−1) compared with control sites (Pb mean: 35.3 μg g−1; Cu mean: 49.3 μg g−1) and were more similar to the shooting range (Pb mean: 3194.7 μg g−1; Cu mean: 567.1 μg g−1). Organisms had elevated Pb and Cu at the target sites, indicating bioaccumulation. For example, Spanish needle [Bidens alba (L.) DC] had a Pb concentration of 356.9 μg g−1 at one site but averaged 80.3 μg g−1 at the control sites. Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) had Pb concentrations averaging 416.1 μg g−1 at target sites but only 18.9 μg g−1 at control sites. Water samples did not have elevated metal levels at the sites. Aluminum levels did not correspond to firearms use. We conclude that the illicit shooting sites are hotspots of metal pollution and pose a risk of contamination to several types of organisms. Because these sites are undocumented and unregulated, remediation may be difficult.Core Ideas
Many firearm target shooters use locations in the wild for target practice.
Thousands of Pb and Cu bullets have been fired at wilderness sites.
High levels of Pb and Cu were found at unregulated sites used for shooting.
Unregulated firearms discharge appears to be a large source of metal pollution.
Wild target sites are unregulated, so metals accumulate without remediation.
Stabilization of Cd2+/Cr3+ During Aqueous Fe(II)‐Induced Recrystallization of Al‐Substituted Goethite
Authors: Liu Chengshuai , Chen Manjia , Li Fangbai , Tao Liang , Lin Jun , Gao Ting , Tong Hui , Liu Yuhui , Long Shengqiao , Wu Fei , Xia Yafei 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
Recrystallization of Al‐goethites affected mobility of heavy metals in soils.
Co‐existing Cd2+/Cr3+ decreased the Fe atom exchange rates between Fe2+aq and Al‐goethites.
Fe2+aq‐induced recrystallization of Al‐goethites stabilized Cd2+ and Cr3+.
More Cr3+ are stabilized due to its similar ionic radius with Fe3+ and Al3+.
Cd2+ ions more active than Cr3+ considering iron mineral activity in soils.
The aqueous Fe2+ (Fe2+aq)–induced recrystallization of iron minerals is an important geochemical process with critical effects on the environmental behavior of metal pollutants in soils. However, the effects of different heavy metals with distinctive physicochemical properties on the Fe2+aq–induced recrystallization of iron minerals and the different stabilization behaviors of these heavy metals remain unclear. This study examined the effects of Cd2+ and Cr3+ on the Fe2+aq–induced recrystallization of Al‐substituted goethites and the simultaneous stabilization of Cd2+/Cr3+ ions by the recrystallized Al‐substituted goethites. Results from stable Fe isotopic tracer experiments and Mössbauer characterization show that Fe atoms were exchanged between Fe2+aq and structural Fe(III) in Al‐substituted goethites with coexisting Cd2+/Cr3+, although both Cd2+ and Cr3+ decreased the exchange rates. During the Fe atom exchange, Al‐substituted goethites were recrystallized and a portion of Cd2+/Cr3+ ions were stabilized by the resulting goethite products. Compared with Cd2+, more Cr3+ ions were immobilized by the recrystallized Al‐substituted goethites due to the lower hydrolysis constant of Cr3+ than Cd2+, as well as the closer ionic radius of Cr3+ with Fe3+ and Al3+. Al‐goethites with higher Al contents further decreased the Fe atom exchange rates while increasing the amounts of immobilized metal ions when in the presence of Cd2+ or Cr3+. The findings of the present study suggest that the physicochemical properties of metal ions play critical roles in affecting their environmental behavior and fates during Fe2+aq–induced recrystallization of iron minerals in soils.
A Simple Automated Laser Profile Meter
Authors: Polyakov V. , Nearing M. 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
The proposed laser profile meter is simple yet offers good accuracy and precision.
Data obtained by the profile meter compared well with those obtained by lidar.
Profile meter provides a practical alternative to more expensive or operationally complex systems.
An automated profile meter with vertical precision of ±0.2 mm was built to measure soil surface elevations. It consists of a laser distance meter mounted on an automated linear motion system. Operation and data logging is conducted wirelessly using a Bluetooth enabled mobile device. The profile meter performed well under various lighting conditions and on a variety of natural materials, with the exception of specular surfaces. It is inexpensive (<$1500), consists of readily available components, portable, and easy to setup in the field (<10 min). When measuring soil random roughness the profile meter was compared with a ground based terrestrial Light detection and ranging (lidar). The lidar systematically overestimated random roughness by approximately 15% compared with the profile meter.
Bacterial Nosocomial Infection: Experience of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University Hospital of Marrakech
Authors: Helyaich Asma , Slitine Nadia El Idrissi , Bennaoui Fatiha , Aboussad abdelmounaim , Soraa Nabila , Maoulainine F.M.R 
Published: April 2019

Background and Aim
Nosocomial infections are one of the major causes of morbidity in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Known risk factors include birth weight, gestational age, severity of illness and its related length of stay, and instrumentation.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to determine the occurrence of Nosocomial Infections (NIs), including infection rates, main infection sites, and common microorganisms.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted between June 2015 and December 2016.

Results:
The incidence of nosocomial infection was 16%. The primary reasons for admission were intauterin growth retardation (52.5%). Klebsiella Pneumoniae was the most commonly identified agent in the blood cultures and in the hospital unit (43.6%). The mortality rate from nosocomial infection was 52.6%. The proportion of infected newborns with a lower than normal birth weight was predominant (58.13%).

Conclusion:
Thus, prevention of bacterial infection is crucial in these settings of unique patients. In this view, improving neonatal management is a key step, and this includes promotion of breast-feeding and hygiene measures.
Anti-Arthritics Activity of Cissampelos pareira Leaves and Stephania glabra Rhizome Ethanolic Extract on Adjuvant and Potassium Oxonate Treated Rat
Authors: HemRaj Vashist , Gupta Avneet , Upmanyu Neeraj 
Published: April 2019

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) and Stephania glabra (Menispermaceae).

Methods:
Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20g) were used as experimental animals. Animal models like Freund’s Adjuvant (FA) induced inflammation, Monosodium Iodo Acetate (MIA) induced osteoarthritis and Potassium Oxonate Induced Uricemia (POU) were used for the study. Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) were assessed in the blood of rats. The dose of 200 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (CPE) and Stephania glabra (SGE) was recorded as the safe dose.

Results:
CPE and SGE significantly decreased (P < 0.001) elevated paw edema on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 in FA-induced arthritis as compared to the control group. Both extracts were found to cause a significant decrease. Also, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in MIA-induced increase in knee diameter was observed in extracts treated groups. CPE was found to be more effective than SGE. Both extracts were found to be significantly effective (P < 0.001) in potassium Oxonate induced hyperuricemia.

Conclusion:
From the result, it is clear that the ethanolic extracts of CPE and SGE possess beneficial effects against rheumatic disease, osteoarthritis as well as against hyperuricemia. The result may provide an effective treatment against such arthritic problems. Again it may be assumed from the study that the drugs Cissampelos pareira and Stephania glabra can be used to formulate novel drug formulations against the above said ailments.
Data Detection in Single User Massive MIMO Using Re-Transmissions
Authors: Vasudevan K. , Madhu K. , Singh Shivani 
Published: April 2019

Background:Single user Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) can be used to increase the spectral efficiency since the data is transmitted simultaneously from a large number of antennas located at both the base station and mobile. It is feasible to have a large number of antennas in the mobile, in the millimeter wave frequencies. However, the major drawback of single user massive MIMO is the high complexity of data recovery at the receiver.Methods:In this work, we propose a low complexity method of data detection with the help of re-transmissions. A turbo code is used to improve the Bit-Error-Rate (BER).Results and Conclusion:Simulation results indicate a significant improvement in BER with just two re-transmissions as compared to the single transmission case. We also show that the minimum average SNR per bit required for error-free propagation over a massive MIMO channel with re-transmissions is identical to that of the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, which is equal to -1.6 dB.
Perceptions of the Diabetes Online Community’s Credibility, Social Capital, and Help and Harm: Cross-Sectional Comparison Between Baby Boomers and Younger Adults
Authors: Litchman Michelle L , Edelman Linda S 
Published: April 2019

Background
The use of online health communities such as the diabetes online community (DOC) is growing. Individuals who engage in the DOC are able to interact with peers who have the same medical condition. It is not known if older adults are perceiving the DOC differently compared with younger adults.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore and understand how the DOC is perceived in terms of social capital, source credibility, and help and harm. The findings from this study will shed light on how users of different age groups (baby boomers and younger adult counterparts) perceive DOC use.

Methods
This study represents a subset of participants from a larger study of DOC users. Baby boomers and younger adults with diabetes were recruited from the DOC to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Demographics, electronic health use (reasons to join the DOC, DOC intensity, DOC engagement, internet social capital, and help or harm from the DOC), source credibility, health-related quality of life, and diabetes self-care data were collected. We examined the differences between baby boomer and younger adult responses.

Results
The participants included baby boomers (N=76) and younger adult counterparts (N=102). Participants scored their diabetes health care team (mean 33.5 [SD 8]) significantly higher than the DOC (mean 32 [SD 6.4]) with regard to competence (P<.05) and trustworthiness (diabetes health care team mean 36.3 [SD 7.1]; DOC mean 33.6 [SD 6.2]; P<.001). High bonding and bridging social capital correlated with high DOC intensity (r=.629; P<.001 and r=.676; P<.001, respectively) and high DOC engagement (r=.474; P<.01 and r=.507; P≤.01, respectively). The greater majority (69.8%) reported the DOC as being helpful, and 1.8% reported that the DOC had caused minor harm. Baby boomers perceived DOC credibility, social capital, help, and harm similarly to their younger adult counterparts.

Conclusions
Baby boomers are using and perceiving the DOC similarly to younger adults. DOC users find the DOC to be credible; however, they scored their health care team higher with regard to competence and trustworthiness. The DOC is beneficial with low risk and may augment current diabetes care.
Effect Of Capital, Liquidity, Efficiency, Performance On Profitability In Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia
Authors: SM R. Bambang , Razimi Moh. Sharil Bin Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

This research target aims to determine the effect of capital, liquidity, efficiency, banking performance on profitability in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2013-2015. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. In this study using secondary data, and the period of time used 3 years, namely the period 2013-2015. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The research variables consisted of 5 variables (4 independent variables and 1 dependent variable). The research data was taken from the 2013-2015 period Islamic financial bank 11 financial statements. Validation of this research data was verified by publishing on each Sharia Commercial Bank website , the website of Bank Indonesia and the website of the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Data analysis used is Regression analysis to analyze the factors that influence the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2013-2015. Data analysis method uses Multiple Regression. Hypothesis testing uses F-statistic test (F test), t-statistic test and determination of Ajusted R² coefficient with a significance level of 5%.The results of the study are simultaneous independent variables (F test) that affect the profitability with a significant level of 0,000. While partially (t test) shows that: (1) capital has a positive and significant effect on profitability, (2) liquidity has a positive and significant influence on profitability, (3) efficiency has a negative and significant effect on profitability, (4) performance has a negative and significant influence on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks ..Based on the adjusted R² obtained 0.563 this means that the ability of four independent variables can explain Profitability 56.30% while the remaining 43.70% is explained by other factors. Keywords: Capital, Liquidity, Efficiency, Performance and Profitability
Status Kepemilikan Bangunan dan Sarana di Atas Tanah Objek Build, Operate, And Transfer Dalam Kepailitan Pemilik Tanah
Authors: Budiman Michelle Yaputri 
Published: April 2019

Capital and land constraints encourage parties to establish mutually supportive and profitable cooperative relationships, then manifested in the form of an agreements, one of them by Build, Operate, and Transfer Agreement (BOT). The possibility of a problem in the BOT agreement is quite large, for example when a BOT agreement is in progress, the Land Owner has a debt and can’t afford to pay the debt, then the land owner can be declared bankrupt based on the Commercial Court’s verdict. One of the cases is the bankruptcy of PT. X (as a land owner) in 2014, 21 years before the verdict, which is 1993, PT. X had a BOT agreement with PT. Y (as a builder).
The main issues in this thesis are: 1. Are the buildings and the golf courses built by the builder above the debtor’s land which is bound with BOT agreement which the debtor is declared bankrupt before the transfer, including in bankrupt assets?; and 2. What are the legal protection for the builder as the BOT receiver due to the bankruptcy of land owner? This research is a normative legal research uses statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.
The results of this research is the buildings and all the facilities which are built by the builder are not including in bankrupt assets because Indonesian Land Law adheres to the principle of horizontal separation, so as long as no transfer has occurred the land owner only has the land, the buildings and all things which are built by builder belong to the builder. The legal protection for the builder as the BOT receiver due to the bankruptcy of the land owner are the curator can continue the BOT agreement based on Article 36 Law of Bankruptcy and Suspension of Obligation for Payment of Debts, make a novation, and the builder can file a compensation and then will become a concurrent creditor.
The comparative method for policy studies: the thorny aspects
Authors: Dogaru Cruceanu Tatiana-Camelia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Over the past decades, the comparative method has attracted the attention of the theorists, and studies based on this approach have increased in applied policy research. In their daily and strategically policy decisions, the decision makers from local, regional and national levels use more and more the comparative research methods, especially due to interlinked relationship and the need for bench learning and benchmarking practices. The comparative method allows the actors to analyse other experiences, and thus to take decisions more efficient. This is a normal, an inevitable situation, when the unit of analysis is a country, a field of matters or a process where researchers compare cases from empirical or theoretical point of view. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical view on the capacity of comparative method to foster knowledge in policy studies. The intention is to see and to explore the utility of comparative method for policy studies and policy analysis, since a new approach “evidence-based policymaking” arise, emphasising the importance of using evidence from other political and policy systems.