bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, imaging and follow‐up study of optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody: a multicentre study of 62 adult patients
Authors: Shor N. , Aboab J. , Maillart E. , Lecler A. , Bensa C. , Le Guern G. , Grunbaum S. , Marignier R. , Papeix C. , Heron E. , Gout O. , Savatovsky J. , Galanaud D. , Vignal C. , Touitou V. , Deschamps R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeThere are few clinico‐radiological data on optic neuritis (ON) with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐IgG). The objective was to characterize the clinico‐radiological phenotype and outcome of patients with MOG‐IgG‐related ON.MethodsThe records of all adult patients admitted in three medical centres with MOG‐IgG‐associated ON who underwent orbital and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the acute phase were reviewed. Spinal cord MRI within 1 month from the ON and all of the follow‐up MRI were reviewed.ResultsOf 62 patients, 41.9% had bilateral ON and 66.2% optic disc swelling. On initial MRI, lesions were anterior (92%), extensive (63%) and associated with optic perineuritis (46.6%). Silent brain lesions were found in 51.8% of patients but were mainly non‐specific (81%). Of 39 individuals with spinal MRI at onset, nine had abnormal findings (four were asymptomatic). Two symptomatic patients had longitudinally extensive myelitis with concurrent H‐sign. At last follow‐up, 5% of patients had visual acuity ≤0.1. Brain MRI remained unchanged in 41 patients (87%).ConclusionsOur study supports a mostly benign ophthalmological course of MOG‐IgG‐associated ON, despite initially longitudinally extensive lesions and development of optic nerve atrophy on orbital MRI. Spinal MRI could be of interest in detecting silent suggestive lesions.
Population structure, life cycle, and trophic niche of the glacial relict amphipod, Gammaracanthus lacustris, in a large boreal lake
Authors: Salonen Jouni K. , Hiltunen Minna , Figueiredo Kaisa , Paavilainen Pinja , Sinisalo Tuula , Strandberg Ursula , Kankaala Paula , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Ecology of the glacial relict macrocrustacean Gammaracanthus lacustris, a rare inhabitant of deep Fennoscandian lakes, is poorly understood. We studied the life cycle and trophic position of this cold‐stenothermic amphipod in Lake Paasivesi, eastern Finland. The study is based on intensive sampling and analyses of fatty acid composition as well as stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios.

Both day and night, the G. lacustris population occurred at depths below 25 m at temperatures <8°C, and the density increased towards the bottom of the lake, where it was 0.4–0.6 individuals/m3.

Gammaracanthus lacustris was observed to reach a length of >40 mm and live up to 4 years. The oldest and the largest individuals and females seemed to favour the deepest zones.

In October, almost 100% of females with length at least 25 mm (i.e. females presumably at least 1‐year‐old) had an embryo sack with 20–200 eggs or embryos—the larger the female, the more young it had.

The developing eggs of G. lacustris had a very high fatty acid content, indicating that the females invest heavily on provisioning their young. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition differed among life stages, and in particular the eggs had a higher proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid than juveniles or adults.

The stable δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios and fatty acid biomarkers of the food web, together with visual observations, indicate that G. lacustris is a carnivore that feeds mainly on zooplankton and other relict macrocrustaceans.

Due to its high content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, G. lacustris is a valuable prey for fish and other predators in the food web. However, as a glacial relict with strict habitat requirements the species is vulnerable to global warming and local environmental changes. These facts should be considered in the management of lakes and their catchments.
Trait‐based climate vulnerability assessments in data‐rich systems: An application to eastern Bering Sea fish and invertebrate stocks
Authors: Spencer Paul D. , Hollowed Anne B. , Sigler Michael F. , Hermann Albert J. , Nelson Mark W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTrait‐based climate vulnerability assessments based on expert evaluation have emerged as a rapid tool to assess biological vulnerability when detailed correlative or mechanistic studies are not feasible. Trait‐based assessments typically view vulnerability as a combination of sensitivity and exposure to climate change. However, in some locations, a substantial amount of information may exist on system productivity and environmental conditions (both current and projected), with potential disparities in the information available for data‐rich and data‐poor stocks. Incorporating this level of detailed information poses challenges when conducting, and communicating uncertainty from, rapid vulnerability assessments. We applied a trait‐based vulnerability assessment to 36 fish and invertebrate stocks in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), a data‐rich ecosystem. In recent years, the living marine resources of the EBS and Aleutian Islands have supported fisheries worth more than US $1 billion of annual ex‐vessel value. Our vulnerability assessment uses projections (to 2039) from three downscaled climate models, and graphically characterizes the variation in climate projections between climate models and between seasons. Bootstrapping was used to characterize uncertainty in specific biological traits and environmental variables, and in the scores for sensitivity, exposure, and vulnerability. The sensitivity of EBS stocks to climate change ranged from “low” to “high,” but vulnerability ranged between “low” and “moderate” due to limited exposure to climate change. Comparison with more detailed studies reveals that water temperature is an important variable for projecting climate impacts on stocks such as walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), and sensitivity analyses revealed that modifying the rule for determining vulnerability increased the vulnerability scores. This study demonstrates the importance of considering several uncertainties (e.g., climate projections, biological, and model structure) when conducting climate vulnerability assessments, and can be extended in future research to consider the vulnerability of user groups dependent on these stocks.
A global estimate of terrestrial net secondary production of primary consumers
Authors: Street Garrett M. , McNickle Gordon G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimNet secondary production (NSP) emerges from the consumption of net primary production (NPP) by all heterotrophic organisms. There has been sporadic interest in the importance of NSP, but no global estimates have been produced. Here, we examine NSP and attempt a global estimate using contemporary NPP data combined with modern metabolic scaling theory for consumption rates. We distinguish between potential NSP, as the amount of secondary production that could be supported by NPP, and realized NSP, as the amount remaining after anthropogenic habitat disruption.LocationGlobal.Time period2000–2014.MethodsWe present a metabolic model of NSP, implementing a type II functional response for consumption rates, wherein search efficiency and handling time are calculated based on consumer mass and ambient temperature. We solve this model for each 0.05‐decimal‐degree pixel in the global terrestrial biosphere, using as data inputs NPP (MOD17A3) and land‐surface temperature (MOD11C3). We aggregate estimates within global land‐cover classifications (MCD12C1) to obtain cover‐specific and global estimates of NSP. We also correct our estimates based on declines in consumer abundance reported in Living planet report 2014.ResultsWe estimate that potential NSP is 4.74 Pg C/year globally (95% CI: 3.75–5.75). When we correct for global consumer population declines, realized NSP is estimated at 2.37 Pg C/year (95% CI: 1.86–2.89), a loss of 50% in the rate of carbon flux through secondary consumers.Main conclusionsOur estimates should not be viewed as the last word on NSP but are sufficient to suggest that the flux of carbon through consumers is of a similar magnitude to many other fluxes crucial to the global carbon cycle. We view this as a hypothesis to be tested that suggests NSP deserves significantly more attention in Earth systems, macroecology and biogeochemical research.
Determinants of blood telomere length in antiretroviral treatment‐naïve HIV‐positive participants enrolled in the NEAT 001/ANRS 143 clinical trial
Authors: Alejos B , Stella‐Ascariz N , Montejano R , Rodriguez‐Centeno J , Schwimmer C , Bernardino JI , Rodes B , Esser S , Goujard C , Sarmento‐Castro R , De Miguel R , Esteban‐Cantos A , Wallet C , Raffi F , Arribas JR ,   the NEAT 001/ANRS 143 Study Group
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate factors associated with baseline blood telomere length in participants enrolled in NEAT 001/ANRS 143, a randomized, open‐label trial comparing ritonavir‐boosted darunavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) with DRV/r plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve HIV‐positive adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 201 randomly selected participants who had stored samples available was carried out. We measured telomere length (i.e. the relative telomere length, calculated as the telomere to single copy gene ratio) at baseline with monochrome quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used multivariable predictive linear regression to calculate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between baseline telomere length and baseline characteristics.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the 201 participants did not differ from those of the 805 participants in the parent trial population: 89% were male, the mean age was 39 years, 83.6% were Caucasian, 93% acquired HIV infection via sexual transmission, the mean estimated time since HIV diagnosis was 2.1 years, the mean HIV‐1 RNA load was 4.7 log10 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, the mean nadir and baseline CD4 counts were 301 and 324 cells/μL, respectively, and the mean CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.4. In the univariate analysis, shorter telomere length was associated with older age (per 10 years) (P < 0.001), HIV‐1 RNA ≥ 100 000 copies/mL (P = 0.001), CD4 count < 200 cells/μL (P = 0.037), lower CD4:CD8 ratio (P = 0.018), statin treatment (P = 0.004), and current alcohol consumption (P = 0.035). In the multivariable analysis, older age (P < 0.001) and HIV RNA ≥ 100 000 copies/mL (P = 0.054) were independently associated with shorter telomere length.ConclusionsBoth age and HIV RNA viral load correlated with shorter blood telomere length in untreated persons living with HIV. These results suggest that HIV infection and age have synergistic and independent impacts upon immunosenescence.
Shopping with the resale value in mind: A study on second‐hand luxury consumers
Authors: Turunen Linda Lisa Maria , Pöyry Essi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe market for second‐hand luxury products is growing and the variety of available sales channels has increased; consumers can buy second‐hand luxury goods not only from brick‐and‐mortar stores but also from a myriad of both global and local online channels. Arguably, the increase in available sales channels has changed consumers’ purchasing behaviour as the roles between sellers and buyers are alternating as one can act as a buyer one day and a seller the next. However, prior research on luxury consumption has mainly focused on brand‐new luxury goods, largely neglecting the consumption of previously‐used luxury products and has not accounted for the multi‐channel shopping environment. The purpose of this paper is to understand how consumers mentally approach the purchase of second‐hand luxury products and what kinds of decision‐making styles they use. The empirical interview data of 22 consumers was analysed by the means of shopping style dimensions that account for both consumer characteristics and external shopping conditions. The interviewees were members of a Facebook buy and sell ‐group focused on luxury products and had recently bought a second‐hand luxury product. All the existing dimensions were evident in the data but an additional dimension was also identified: resale value consciousness. The new dimension emphasizes an investment‐led and price‐quality conscious shopping style but was also found to relate to impulse buying and brand consciousness. The emergence of the dimension is argued to be due to the increase in viable online sales channels for second‐hand luxury products.
Pharmacists' perceived responsibility for patient care when there is a risk of misadventure: a qualitative study
Authors: Bennett Georgia , Taing Meng-Wong , Hattingh H Laetitia , La Caze Adam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate how community pharmacists view their responsibility for patient care in a scenario involving opioid use with significant risk of toxicity or misadventure.

Methods
A case scenario was developed based on an Australian coronial inquiry involving a patient suffering fatal toxicity following misuse of opioids. Community pharmacists working in Brisbane, Queensland, were invited to take part in face-to-face semi-structured interviews at their place of work. Participants were asked how they would respond to the scenario in practice and their perceived responsibilities.

Key findings
Twenty-one pharmacists were interviewed. Participants identified similar actions in response to the case, and potential barriers and enablers. Participants differed with regard to how they described their perceived scope of practice and degree of responsibility in response to the case. Most participants described their scope of practice in terms of medication management with a focus on patient outcomes. Some participants described a narrower scope of practice that focused on either medicine supply or legal aspects. Participants who described a medication management focus differed in their views regarding their responsibility for patient outcomes in the case.

Conclusion
Pharmacists in this study varied in terms of their perceived scope of practice and responsibility to patient outcomes in response to a case involving a patient at risk of opioid-related harm. Further work on pharmacist responsibility may reduce this variability.
Comparative analysis on the effect of low‐thermal plasma dissection device (PEAK PlasmaBlade) vs conventional electrosurgery in post‐bariatric abdominoplasty: A retrospective randomised clinical study
Authors: Schlosshauer Torsten , Kiehlmann Marcus , Riener Marc‐Oliver , Sader Robert , Rieger Ulrich M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPost‐bariatric patients undergoing abdominoplasty have a relatively high risk of complications due to residual obesity and major comorbidities. Also, conventional electrosurgery and the associated thermal tissue damage may compromise outcomes. This retrospective randomised clinical study evaluated the effect of low‐thermal plasma dissection device (PEAK [pulsed electron avalanche knife] PlasmaBlade) in comparison with conventional electrosurgery. A total of 52 post‐bariatric patients undergoing abdominoplasty were randomised to PEAK PlasmaBlade (n = 26) and to monopolar electrosurgery (n = 26). Wounds of 20 patients per group were examined histologically for acute thermal injury depth. In PEAK PlasmaBlade incisions, acute thermal damage was significantly reduced compared with standard of care (40% vs 75%; P = .035). Also, acute thermal injury depth from PEAK PlasmaBlade was less than that from electrosurgery (2780 μm vs 4090 μm). Significantly less total complication rate (30.8% vs 69.2%; P = .012) was found by PEAK PlasmaBlade compared with electrosurgery. Moreover, the PEAK PlasmaBlade showed less than half as many wound healing problems (19.2% vs 46.2%; P = .075), far fewer secondary bleeding (7.7% vs 30.8%; P = .075), and no seroma compared with four seroma with the standard of care (0% vs 15.4%; P = .11). PEAK PlasmaBlade appears to be superior to traditional monopolar electrosurgery for post‐bariatric abdominoplasty, because it demonstrated significantly less tissue damage, less total complication rate, and fewer postoperative seroma resulting in faster wound healing.
Feasibility and safety of image‐guided vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy: A PRISMA‐compliant systematic review and meta‐analysis of 20 000 population from 36 longitudinal studies
Authors: Fang Ming , Liu Guilin , Luo Guoliang , Wu Tianyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is a serious disease in women. We estimated the global technical success rate and complication rates of percutaneous vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy (VABB). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were retrieved up to July 2018 to find studies in which technical success rate and complication rates of VABB were available. Pooled rates were calculated according to location mode (ultrasonography [US] or mammography) and needle type (8‐ or 11‐gauge Mammotome probes). Of the 36 articles with 20 868 cases, we found the pooled technical success rate 0.9999(0.9997, 1.0000) (I2 = 17.1%, P = .187) and low complication risks including haematoma 0.1092(0.0748, 0.1437) (I2 = 98.3%, P < .001), pain 0.0738(0.0334, 0.1141) (I2 = 95.9%, P < .001), vasovagal reflex 0.0281(0.0035, 0.0527) (I2 = 92.5%, P < .001), and infection 0.0027(−0.0019, 0.0073) (I2 = 49.8%, P = .113). In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the pooled data suggested that VABB with US or mammography could be promising for diagnosis and treatment of breast disease. Further studies were necessary to identify strategies for these findings.
Insight into cations substitution on structural and electrochemical properties of nanostructured Li2FeSiO4/C cathodes
Authors: Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy , Abhilash Karuthedath Parameswaran , Nalini Balakrishnan , Selvin Paneerselvam Christopher , Goel Sunkulp , Yadav Sudheer Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStructural instability is the major obstacle in the Li2FeSiO4/C cathode during charge and discharge process, which can be improved by the substitution of cations in the host cage. In this study, the transition metal ions with different valence (Ag1+, Zn2+, Cr3+, and Ti4+) have been substituted in Li2FeSiO4/C via modified sol‐gel method and the impact on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical performances has been systematically explored. The Rietveld‐refined XRD pattern and HR‐TEM (SAED) result reveal that all the prepared samples maintain orthorhombic structure (S.G‐ Pmn21). The FE‐SEM and TEM micrographs of bare and doped Li2FeSiO4/C display nanoparticle formation with 20‐40 nm size. Among different cation‐substituted silicates, Li2Fe0.9Ti0.1SiO4/C sample exhibits an excellent total conductivity of 1.20 × 10−4 S cm−1 which is one order of magnitude higher than the bare Li2FeSiO4/C sample. The galvanostatic charge‐discharge curves and cyclic voltammetric analysis reveal that the Li2Fe0.9Ti0.1SiO4/C material provides an excellent initial specific capacity of 242 mAh g−1 and maintains a capacity of 226 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles with capacity retention of 93.38%. The Ti doping is a promising strategy to overcome the capacity fading issues, by preventing the structural collapse during Li‐ion intercalation/de‐intercalation processes in the Li2FeSiO4/C electrode through the strong hybridization between the 3d and 4s orbitals in titanium and 2p orbital in oxygen.
Comparative analysis on the photoluminescence properties of Cs2BF6:Mn4+ (B = Ge, Si, Zr, Ti) red phosphors for WLEDs
Authors: Liu Manman , Dang Peipei , Wei Yi , Liang Sisi , Liu Guofeng , Geng Aifang , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of Cs2BF6:Mn4+ (B = Ge, Si, Ti, Zr) red phosphors were synthesized by a precipitation‐cation exchange route. The phase purity, morphology, and constituent were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectra and high‐resolution PL. Temperature‐dependent PL examination at the range of both 273‐573 K and 10‐300 K was performed to investigate the emission mechanism of Mn4+ in these fluorides. The intensity for both zero‐phonon lines (ZPLs) and vibration coupled emission of Mn4+ in these four systems with different crystal structures was investigated systematically. These phosphors present bright red emission under blue light (467 nm) illumination, among which Cs2GeF6:0.1Mn4+ shows the highest emission intensity with ultrahigh quantum efficiency of 94%. The white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated with this sample, blue InGaN chips and commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphor exhibited high luminous efficacy beyond 100 lm/w with high color rendering index (~88.6) and low color temperature (~3684 K).
Prediction of nutrient digestibility in grower‐finisher pigs based on faecal microbiota composition
Authors: Verschuren Lisanne M. G. , Schokker Dirkjan , Bergsma Rob , Jansman Alfons J. M. , Molist Francesc , Calus Mario P. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrobiota play an important role in total tract nutrient digestion, especially when fibrous diets are fed to pigs. This study aimed to use metagenomics to predict faecal nutrient digestibility in grower‐finisher pigs. The study design consisted of 160 three‐way crossbreed grower‐finisher pigs (80 female and 80 male) which were either fed a diet based on corn/soybean meal or a more fibrous diet based on wheat/barley/by‐products. On the day before slaughter, faecal samples were collected and used to determine faecal digestibility of dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and non‐starch polysaccharides. The faecal samples were also sequenced for the 16S hypervariable region of bacteria (V3/V4) to profile the faecal microbiome. With these data, we calculated the between‐animal variation in faecal nutrient digestibility associated with variation in the faecal microbiome, that is the “microbiability”. The microbiability values were significantly greater than zero for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and non‐starch polysaccharides, ranging from 0.58 to 0.93, as well as for crude fat with a value of 0.37, but not significantly different from zero for ash. Using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, we estimated the accuracy of predicting digestibility values of individual pigs based on their faecal microbiota composition. The accuracies of prediction for crude fat and ash digestibility were virtually 0, and for the other nutrients, the accuracies ranged from 0.42 to 0.63. In conclusion, the faecal microbiota composition gave high microbiability values for faecal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and non‐starch polysaccharides. The accuracies of prediction are relatively low if the interest is in precisely predicting faecal nutrient digestibility of individual pigs, but are promising from the perspective of ranking animals in a genetic selection context.