bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship among breakfast time, morningness–eveningness preference and body mass index in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nimitphong H. , Siwasaranond N. , Saetung S. , Thakkinstian A. , Ongphiphadhanakul B. , Reutrakul S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsObesity is prevalent and related to poor outcomes in Type 2 diabetes. Evening preference and late meal times have been shown to be associated with obesity, but data are lacking in people with Type 2 diabetes. This study examined the relationship among meal timing, morningness–eveningness preference and BMI in Type 2 diabetes, using a mediation analysis.MethodsSome 210 non‐shift workers with Type 2 diabetes participated in the study. Morningness–eveningness preference was assessed using a standard questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Meal timing and daily calorie intake were obtained from 1‐day food recall. A mediation analysis adjusting for relevant covariables was performed to explore whether morningness–eveningness had a direct effect on BMI, or whether the effect was mediated through the intermediate variable of meal timing.ResultsMean BMI was 28.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2. A higher BMI was associated with greater evening preference (P = 0.019), and non‐significantly associated with late breakfast time (P = 0.053). BMI was not associated with other mealtimes or calorie intake. In addition, evening preference was associated with late breakfast time (P < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that breakfast time mediated the association between morningness–eveningness and BMI, i.e. morning preference (CSM ≥ 45) was associated with earlier breakfast time, and lower BMI by 0.37 kg/m2 [coefficient = −0.365, 95% confidence intervals (CI): −0.877, −0.066), whereas the direct relationship between BMI and morningness–eveningness was non‐significant.ConclusionsLate breakfast time mediated the relationship between morningness–eveningness preference and BMI. These results suggest that circadian preference and meal timing are novel and possibly modifiable risk factors for obesity in Type 2 diabetes.
Switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide to manage patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK: A long‐term cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Barnett Anthony H. , Arnoldini Simon , Hunt Barnaby , Subramanian Gowri , Hoxer Christina Stentoft 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe recent LIRA‐SWITCH trial showed that switching from sitagliptin 100 mg to liraglutide 1.8 mg led to statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and body mass index (BMI). Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to assess the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK.Materials and MethodsThe IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model Version 8.5+ was used to project costs and clinical outcomes over patients' lifetimes. Baseline cohort characteristics and treatment effects were derived from the LIRA‐SWITCH trial. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3.5% annually. Costs were accounted in pounds sterling (GBP) and expressed in 2016 values. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsModel projections showed improved quality‐adjusted life expectancy for patients with poorly controlled HbA1c upon switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide, compared with continuing sitagliptin treatment (9.18 vs 9.02 quality‐adjusted life years [QALYs]). Treatment switching was associated with increased overall costs (GBP 24737 vs GBP 22362). Higher pharmacy costs were partially offset by reduced diabetes‐related complication costs in patients who switched to liraglutide. Switching to liraglutide was associated with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of GBP 15423 per QALY gained vs continuing with sitagliptin treatment.ConclusionsSwitching from sitagliptin 100 mg to liraglutide 1.8 mg in patients with poor glycaemic control was projected to improve clinical outcomes and is likely to be considered cost‐effective in the UK setting and, therefore, a good use of limited NHS resources.
Skeletal muscle‐specific overexpression of heat shock protein 72 improves skeletal muscle insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake but does not alter whole body metabolism
Authors: Marshall Jessica P. S. , Estevez Emma , Kammoun Helene L. , King Emily J. , Bruce Clinton R. , Drew Brian G. , Qian Hongwei , Iliades Peter , Gregorevic Paul , Febbraio Mark A. , Henstridge Darren C. 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe induction of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) via heating, genetic manipulation or pharmacological activation is metabolically protective in the setting of obesity‐induced insulin resistance across mammalian species. In this study, we set out to determine whether the overexpression of Hsp72, specifically in skeletal muscle, can protect against high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity and insulin resistance.Materials and methodsAn Adeno‐Associated Viral vector (AAV), designed to overexpress Hsp72 in skeletal muscle only, was used to study the effects of increasing Hsp72 levels on various metabolic parameters. Two studies were conducted, the first with direct intramuscular (IM) injection of the AAV:Hsp72 into the tibialis anterior hind‐limb muscle and the second with a systemic injection to enable body‐wide skeletal muscle transduction.ResultsIM injection of the AAV:Hsp72 significantly improved skeletal muscle insulin‐stimulated glucose clearance in treated hind‐limb muscles, as compared with untreated muscles of the contralateral leg when mice were fed an HFD. Despite this finding, systemic administration of AAV:Hsp72 did not improve body composition parameters such as body weight, fat mass or percentage body fat, nor did it lead to an improvement in fasting glucose levels or glucose tolerance. Furthermore, no differences were observed for other metabolic parameters such as whole‐body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure or physical activity levels.ConclusionsAt the levels of Hsp72 over‐expression reported herein, skeletal muscle‐specific Hsp72 overexpression via IM injection has the capacity to increase insulin‐stimulated glucose clearance in this muscle. However, upon systemic injection, which results in lower muscle Hsp72 overexpression, no beneficial effects on whole‐body metabolism are observed.
Drought reduces floral resources for pollinators
Authors: Phillips Benjamin B. , Shaw Rosalind F. , Holland Matthew J. , Fry Ellen L. , Bardgett Richard D. , Bullock James M. , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClimate change is predicted to result in increased occurrence and intensity of drought in many regions worldwide. By increasing plant physiological stress, drought is likely to affect the floral resources (flowers, nectar and pollen) that are available to pollinators. However, little is known about impacts of drought at the community level, nor whether plant community functional composition influences these impacts. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated the impacts of drought on floral resources in calcareous grassland. Drought was simulated using rain shelters and the impacts were explored at multiple scales and on four different experimental plant communities varying in functional trait composition. First, we investigated the effects of drought on nectar production of three common wildflower species (Lathyrus pratensis, Onobrychis viciifolia and Prunella vulgaris). In the drought treatment, L. pratensis and P. vulgaris had a lower proportion of flowers containing nectar and O. viciifolia had fewer flowers per raceme. Second, we measured the effects of drought on the diversity and abundance of floral resources across plant communities. Drought reduced the abundance of floral units for all plant communities, irrespective of functional composition, and reduced floral species richness for two of the communities. Functional diversity did not confer greater resistance to drought in terms of maintaining floral resources, probably because the effects of drought were ubiquitous across component plant communities. The findings indicate that drought has a substantial impact on the availability of floral resources in calcareous grassland, which will have consequences for pollinator behaviour and populations.
Contralateral adrenal width predicts the duration of prolonged post‐surgical steroid replacement for subclinical Cushing syndrome
Authors: Sugiura Masahiro , Imamura Yusuke , Kawamura Koji , Yamamoto Satoshi , Sazuka Tomokazu , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Sakamoto Shinichi , Nagano Hidekazu , Koide Hisashi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Imamoto Takashi , Komiya Akira , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo identify pre‐treatment factors affecting the duration of post‐surgical steroid replacement in patients undergoing adrenalectomy for subclinical Cushing syndrome.MethodsThe present retrospective analysis included 64 patients who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for subclinical Cushing syndrome. Adrenal tumor and contralateral adrenal sizes together with various clinical factors were studied in association with the duration of post‐surgical steroid replacement. Adrenal tumor and contralateral adrenal size were measured at the level of the maximum transverse plane of the adrenal glands using computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsAll 64 patients were treated with post‐surgical steroid replacement after adrenalectomy. The median duration of the steroid treatment was 6 months. When assessing the duration of post‐surgical steroid replacement, contralateral adrenal volume <0.745 cm3, contralateral adrenal width <6.15 mm and serum cortisol after a 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test >2.65 μg/dL were significant predictors of prolonged post‐surgical steroid treatment on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, contralateral adrenal width <6.15 mm was the only independent predictive factor for the prolonged post‐surgical steroid replacement.ConclusionsContralateral adrenal width seems to represent a significant predictive factor for the duration of post‐surgical steroid replacement in subclinical Cushing syndrome patients. Pre‐surgical assessment of image findings might help clinicians determine the total duration of steroid therapy after adrenalectomy.
Associations between problematic Internet use and psychiatric symptoms among university students in Japan
Authors: Kitazawa Momoko , Yoshimura Michitaka , Murata Mayu , Sato‐Fujimoto Yuka , Hitokoto Hidefumi , Mimura Masaru , Tsubota Kazuo , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: April 2018

AimResearch on the adverse effects of Internet use has gained importance recently. However, there is currently insufficient data on Japanese young adults’ Internet use, so we conducted a survey targeting Japanese university students to research problematic Internet use (PIU). We also investigated the relationship between PIU and multiple psychiatric symptoms.MethodsA paper‐based survey was conducted at five universities in Japan. Respondents were asked to fill out self‐report scales regarding their Internet dependency using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Sleep quality, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tendency, depression, and anxiety symptom data were also collected based on respective self‐reports.ResultsThere were 1336 responses and 1258 were included in the analysis. The mean IAT score (± SD) was 37.87 ± 12.59; and 38.2% of participants were classified as PIU, and 61.8% as non‐PIU. The trend level for young women showed that they were more likely to be classified as PIU than young men (40.6% and 35.2% respectively, P = 0.05). Compared to the non‐PIU group, the PIU group used the Internet longer (P < 0.001), had significantly lower sleep quality (P < 0.001), had stronger ADHD tendencies (P < 0.001), had higher Depression scores (P < 0.001), and had higher Trait‐Anxiety scores (P < 0.001). Based on multiple logistic regression analyses, the factors that contributed to an increased risk of PIU were: being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52), being older (OR = 1.17), having poor sleep quality (OR = 1.52), having ADHD tendencies (OR = 2.70), having depression (OR = 2.24), and having anxiety tendencies (OR = 1.43).ConclusionWe found a high PIU prevalence among Japanese young adults. The factors that predicted PIU were: female sex, older age, poor sleep quality, ADHD tendencies, depression, and anxiety.
The Kinetics of Swinging a Baseball Bat
Authors: Crisco Joseph J. , Osvalds Nikolas J. , Rainbow Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to compute the 3-dimensional kinetics required to swing 3 youth baseball bats of varying moments of inertia. The 306 swings by 22 male players (age 13–18 y) were analyzed. Inverse dynamics with respect to the batter’s hands were computed given the known kinematics and physical properties of the bats. Peak force increased with larger bat moments of inertia and was strongly correlated with bat tip speed. By contrast, peak moments were weakly correlated with bat moments of inertia and bat tip speed. Throughout the swing, the force applied to the bat was dominated by a component aligned with the long axis of the bat and directed away from the bat knob, whereas the moment applied to the bat was minimal until just prior to ball impact. These results indicate that players act to mostly “pull” the bat during their swing until just prior to ball impact, at which point they rapidly increase the moment on the bat. This kinetic analysis provides novel insight into the forces and moments used to swing baseball bats.
The Effect of Diacutaneous Fibrolysis on Patellar Position Measured Using Ultrasound Scanning in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Fanlo-Mazas Pablo , Bueno-Gracia Elena , de Escudero-Zapico Alazne Ruiz , Tricás-Moreno José Miguel , Lucha-López María Orosia 
Published: April 2018

Context: Tightness or lack of flexibility of several muscles of the thigh has been associated with patellofemoral joint pain. A tight iliotibial band can lead to laterally located patella and an abnormal patellar tracking pattern. Diacutaneous fibrolysis (DF) is commonly used to reduce muscle tightness, but no studies have evaluated the effects of this technique in the treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Objective: To assess the effect of DF on patellar position in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Design: A single-group, pretest–posttest clinical trial. Setting: University of Zaragoza. Participants: A total of 46 subjects with patellofemoral pain (20 males, 26 females; age: 27.8 [6.9] y). Intervention: Three sessions of DF. Main Outcome Measures: Patellar position measurement using real-time ultrasound scanning; pain intensity measured with visual analog scale and function measured with the Anterior Knee Pain Scale. Results: The application of 3 sessions of DF significantly increased the patellar position at posttreatment evaluation (P < .001) and at 1-week follow-up (P < .001). There was not a significant difference on patellar position between posttreatment and follow-up measurements (P = .28). There were also a statistically significant decrease in pain and increase in function at posttreatment and at 1-week follow-up measurements (P < .001). Conclusion: This study found that patellar position, pain intensity, and function were significantly improved after 3 sessions of DF and at 1-week follow-up.
Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant or Pandrug-Resistant Sequence Type 147 and 101 OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Bloodstream Infections in Patients in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Avgoulea Kalliope , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Zarkotou Olympia , Sennati Samanta , Politi Leda , Cannatelli Antonio , Themeli-Digalaki Katerina , Giani Tommaso , Tsakris Athanassios , Rossolini Gian Maria , Pournaras Spyros 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
causes important health care-associated infections worldwide. An outbreak of sequence type 11 (ST11) OXA-48-producing
K. pneumoniae
(OXA-48-Kp) isolates occurred in Tzaneio Hospital in 2012 and was contained until 2014, when OXA-48-Kp reemerged. The present study involved 19 bloodstream infection (BSI) OXA-48-Kp isolates recovered from 19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients hospitalized between August 2014 and July 2016. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Beta-lactamase genes were detected by PCR. All isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis/multilocus sequence typing (PFGE/MLST), and 10 representative isolates were typed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Of the 19 study patients, 9 had previous hospitalizations, and 10 carried OXA-48-Kp prior to BSI isolation; median time from ICU admission to BSI was 29 days. Four OXA-48-Kp isolates belonged to PFGE profile A (ST147) and were pandrug resistant (PDR), while 15 isolates exhibited PFGE profile B (ST101) and were extensively drug resistant. Genes detected via NGS resistome analysis accounted for most of the resistance phenotypes, except for tigecycline and fosfomycin. Insertional inactivation of
mgrB
(distinct per clone) conferred colistin resistance in all 19 isolates. NGS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis validated the clonal relatedness of the ST147 and ST101 strains and revealed the possible presence of two index ST147 strains and the microevolution of ST101 strains. Distinct, but highly related, IncL OXA-48-encoding plasmid lineages were identified; plasmids of the ST147 strains were identical with the plasmid of ST11 OXA-48-Kp which caused the 2012 outbreak. In conclusion, biclonal circulation of OXA-48-Kp and, alarmingly, emergence of a PDR clone are reported. These observations, along with the challenging phenotypic detection of OXA-48 producers and the high reported transmissibility of
bla
OXA-48
, necessitate intensive efforts to prevent their further spread.
Effect of phacoemulsification on facility of outflow
Authors: Alaghband Pouya , Beltran-Agulló Laura , Galvis Elizabeth Angela , Overby Darryl R , Lim Kin Sheng 
Published: April 2018

PurposePhacoemulsification has been shown to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The mechanism of action is thought to be via increased trabecular outflow facility. However, studies on the relationship between phacoemulsification and outflow facility have been inconsistent. This study intended to examine the change in electronic Schiotz tonographic outflow facility (TOF) and IOP measurements following phacoemulsification.MethodsPatients who were due to undergo a standard clear corneal incision phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, at St Thomas’ Hospital, were invited to participate in this study. IOP was measured using Goldmann’s applanation tonometer, and TOF was measured by electronic Schiotz tonography at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsForty-one patients were recruited. Tonography data for 27 patients were reliable and available at all time points. Eleven cases had primary open angle glaucoma and cataract, while 16 patients had cataract only. Mean IOP reduced at every time point postoperatively significantly compared with baseline. TOF improved significantly after cataract extraction at all time points (baseline of 0.14±0.06 vs 0.18±0.09 at 3 months, P=0.02 and 0.20±0.09 at 6 months, P=0.003, 0.17±0.07 µL/min mmHg at 12 months, P=0.04). Five contralateral eyes of patients with cataracts only who did not have any intraocular surgery during the follow-up period were used as comparison. Their IOP and TOF did not change significantly at any postoperative visits.ConclusionThis is the first study using electronic Schiotz tonography with documented anterior chamber depth and gonioscopy after modern cataract surgery (CS) with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. We demonstrated that phacoemulsification increases TOF and this fully accounts for the IOP reduction following CS.ISTCRN registration numberISRCTN04247738.
Is the weekend effect really ubiquitous? A retrospective clinical cohort analysis of 30-day mortality by day of week and time of day using linked population data from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Baldwin Heather J , Marashi-Pour Sadaf , Chen Huei-Yang , Kaldor Jill , Sutherland Kim , Levesque Jean-Frederic 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between day of week and time of admission and 30-day mortality for six clinical conditions: ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure.DesignRetrospective population-based cohort analyses. Hospitalisation records were linked to emergency department and deaths data. Random-effect logistic regression models were used, adjusting for casemix and taking into account clustering within hospitals.SettingAll hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, from July 2009 to June 2012.ParticipantsPatients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis for one of the six clinical conditions examined.Outcome measuresAdjusted ORs for all-cause mortality within 30 days of admission, by day of week and time of day.ResultsA total of 148 722 patients were included in the study, with 17 721 deaths within 30 days of admission. Day of week of admission was not associated with significantly higher likelihood of death for five of the six conditions after adjusting for casemix. There was significant variation in mortality for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by day of week; however, this was not consistent with a strict weekend effect (Thursday: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.48; Friday: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.44; Saturday: OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37; Sunday OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.22; compared with Monday). There was evidence for a night effect for patients admitted for stroke (ischaemic: OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.45; haemorrhagic: OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.78).ConclusionsMortality outcomes for these conditions, adjusted for casemix, do not vary in accordance with the weekend effect hypothesis. Our findings support a growing body of evidence that questions the ubiquity of the weekend effect.