bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phylogenetic reconstruction methods using bacterial whole genomes: a simulation based study
Authors: Lees John A. , Kendall Michelle , Parkhill Julian , Colijn Caroline , Bentley Stephen D. , Harris Simon R. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Phylogenetic reconstruction is a necessary first step in many analyses which use whole genome sequence data from bacterial populations. There are many available methods to infer phylogenies, and these have various advantages and disadvantages, but few unbiased comparisons of the range of approaches have been made. Methods: We simulated data from a defined “true tree” using a realistic evolutionary model. We built phylogenies from this data using a range of methods, and compared reconstructed trees to the true tree using two measures, noting the computational time needed for different phylogenetic reconstructions. We also used real data from Streptococcus pneumoniae alignments to compare individual core gene trees to a core genome tree. Results: We found that, as expected, maximum likelihood trees from good quality alignments were the most accurate, but also the most computationally intensive. Using less accurate phylogenetic reconstruction methods, we were able to obtain results of comparable accuracy; we found that approximate results can rapidly be obtained using genetic distance based methods. In real data we found that highly conserved core genes, such as those involved in translation, gave an inaccurate tree topology, whereas genes involved in recombination events gave inaccurate branch lengths. We also show a tree-of-trees, relating the results of different phylogenetic reconstructions to each other. Conclusions: We recommend three approaches, depending on requirements for accuracy and computational time. Quicker approaches that do not perform full maximum likelihood optimisation may be useful for many analyses requiring a phylogeny, as generating a high quality input alignment is likely to be the major limiting factor of accurate tree topology. We have publicly released our simulated data and code to enable further comparisons.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NITROCARBURIZED COATING BY PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC SATURATION
Authors: Noori Seyyed Mohammad , Dehghanian Changiz 
Published: March 2018

<p class="AMSmaintext">Plasma electrolytic saturation (PES) is an atmospheric pressure plasma deposition which is used for fabrication of nanostructural coatings. This process starts with the appearance of some sparks on the surface and finally by the formation of plasma envelope around the sample, particles and free radicals bombard the surface and diffusion takes place into the work-piece. In this paper, the effect of frequency (500, 1000 and 10000 Hz) as pulse parameters on properties of nitrocarburized layers deposited on AISI 1045 steel were investigated. The analytical characteristics of the coating were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The corrosion behavior of coatings was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. Moreover, the microhardness and wear resistance of coated samples were also studied. The results indicated that applying nitrocarburized layer in all cases, improved the corrosion resistance, microhardness and also wear resistance of the substrate. The coatings treated at the frequency of 10000 Hz, had corrosion resistance about 2.4 and 1.4 times higher than those of the samples prepared at the frequency of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz. The surface hardness of 10000 Hz treated sample was about 1040 Vickers, which was more than those of the two other ones. An increase in frequency also caused wear resistance to increase. </p>
Q&P process in press-hardening of 42SiCr steel
Authors: Bublíková Dagmar , Jirková Hana , Jeníček Štěpán , Káňa Josef 
Published: March 2018

<p><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Jednou z dnešních pokročilých cest tepelné úpravy ocelí s vysokou pevností je proces Q &amp; P, který poskytuje vysokou pevnost v kombinaci s dobrou tažností. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Výsledná mikrostruktura je kombinací martenzitu a malých frakcí bainitu a zadrženého austenitu. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Zadržený austenit má podobu tenkých jehel, které přiléhají k martenzitovým lištám. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Použití tohoto způsobu v průmyslové praxi je komplikované potřebou udržení při rozdělovací teplotě, když se zadaný austenit stabilizuje migrací uhlíku z super-nasyceného martenzitu. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Inženýři proto hledají procesní cesty, při nichž přerušení chladicího procesu při určité teplotě a udržení při této teplotě nepředstavují technologické problémy. </span></span></p><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Jednou z dostupných možností je vytvrzování lisováním, které se často zabývá ošetřením částí těla vozidla. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ocel 42SiCr, která je legována manganem, křemíkem a chrómem, byla Q &amp; P zpracována za použití experimentálních sekvencí s různými teplotami kalení a dělení. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Doba namáčení a teplota a rychlost chlazení byly shodné s parametry používanými v reálných procesech. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Správně zvolené parametry vedly k martensiticko-bainitickým mikrostrukturám s částí zadrženého austenitu, maximální pevností přibližně 2000 MPa a </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">protažením </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">A </span></span><sub><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">20</span></span></sub><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> více než 10%.</span></span>
ACTIVITY OF BI4V2-2XCU2XO11–Δ IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF ISOBUTANOL AFTER PLASMA-CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Povarova Elena , Pylinina Anna , Mikhalenko Irina , Safronenko Marina 
Published: March 2018

<p class="Bodytext1">The catalytic properties of plasma-chemically and thermally treated Bi<sub>4</sub>V<sub>2-2x</sub>Cu<sub>2x</sub>O<sub>11–δ</sub> with х= 0.00–0.16 (BICUVOX) in the transformation of isobutanol are studied. Plasma treatments lead to the total deactivation of the active sites of dehydration reaction, and the alcohol is converted with 100% selectivity into aldehyde. Activity of the dehydrogenation of alcohol after PCT increases in ~ 1.7 times on samples with x<sub>Cu</sub>=0.04-0.06 (a.b phases) compared to the initial samples. Similar values which were found for the samples with x<sub>Cu</sub>=0.0-0.06, including the double vanadate, suggests that PCT affects the ceramic matrix with Bi, O and V elements. Addition of small amounts of copper does not change this effect. </p>
Pamięć wyzwolona, pamięć zniewolona
Authors: Wolff-Powęska Anna 
Published: March 2018

Memory Liberated, Memory Enslaved. Historical Culture in the Process of Transformation
The democratic breakthrough in Poland and in other Central‑European countries led to a process of liberation and transformation of public memory. Societies, whose memory had been ‘occupied’ for decades, focused on debating the problem of identity with the fervour of neophytes. They discussed their origins and their destiny. Poland, a country that survived two occupations at the same time, is settling with the past, which has far reaching consequences both for its own self‑awareness and for its attitude towards the neighbours. However, memory freed of censorship and pressure of a single ideology becomes easily enslaved in the face of another ideology. Thus, the historical culture of Poland that is developing in the age of globalisation and numerous international challenges, is full of contradictions and questions that cannot be easily answered.
Convergence of Linear Approximation of Archimedean Generator from Williamson’s Transform in Examples
Authors: Bacigál Tomáš , Ždímalová Mária 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We discuss a new construction method for obtaining additive generators of Archimedean copulas proposed by McNeil, A. J.-Nešlehová, J.: Multivariate Archimedean copulas, d-monotone functions and l1-norm symmetric distributions, Ann. Statist. 37 (2009), 3059-3097, the so-called Williamson n-transform, and illustrate it by several examples. We show that due to the equivalence of convergences of positive distance functions, additive generators and copulas, we may approximate any n-dimensional Archimedean copula by an Archimedean copula generated by a transformation of weighted sum of Dirac functions concentrated in certain suitable points. Specifically, in two dimensional case this means that any Archimedean copula can be approximated by a piece-wise linear Archimedean copula, moreover the approximation of generator by linear splines circumvents the problem with the non-existence of explicit inverse.
Are Change-of-Direction Speed and Reactive Agility Independent Skills Even When Using the Same Movement Pattern?
Authors: Čoh Milan , Vodičar Janez , Žvan Milan , Šimenko Jožef , Stodolka Jacek , Rauter Samo , Maćkala Krzysztof 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Čoh, M, Vodičar, J, Žvan, M, Šimenko, J, Stodolka, J, Rauter, S, and Maćkala, K. Are change-of-direction speed and reactive agility independent skills even when using the same movement pattern? J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1929–1936, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there are differences between the 2 approaches to quantifying agility (preplanned vs. unplanned response) when reacting to a stimulus in an identical spatial scenarios. The study involved 45 male and 31 female trained athletes (age 21.2 ± 1.78 and 20.6 ± 1.27 years, body height 181.6 ± 8.31 and 167.7 ± 5.03 cm, and body mass 78.9 ± 11.33 and 63.3 ± 8.65 kg, respectively). A light-based reactive training system was used to measure the time to completion in a task that assessed agility by change-of-direction speed (CODS) in a preplanned condition and reactive agility (RA) in an unplanned condition across 4 spatial configurations. Sprint performance in a 30-m sprint and lower limb reactive power in a 10-m single leg jump test was also measured. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between men and women in all tests and between performance in the CODS and RA condition for each spatial configuration. Significant correlations were observed between 30-m starting sprint speed and CODS and RA performance measured in a semicircle (r = 0.62, r = 0.60) and lateral (r = 0.54, r = 0.58) configuration in male athletes. The present findings suggest that CODS and RA are 2 different and independent skill domains that define agility. These qualities should be diagnosed by discrete assessments and enhanced by different training methodologies.
Cardiac Autonomic and Blood Pressure Responses to an Acute Foam Rolling Session
Authors: Lastova Kevin , Nordvall Michael , Walters-Edwards Michelle , Allnutt Amy , Wong Alexei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Lastova, K, Nordvall, M, Walters-Edwards, M, Allnutt, A, and Wong, A. Cardiac autonomic and blood pressure responses to an acute foam rolling session. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2825–2830, 2018—Foam rolling (FR) is a self-myofascial release method that has become extremely popular among athletes and fitness enthusiasts for its ability to improve flexibility and range of motion and alleviate delayed-onset muscle soreness. However, the cardiac autonomic modulation and blood pressure (BP) responses induced by an acute FR session are currently unknown. This study evaluated the effects of an acute session of FR exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) and BP responses in healthy individuals. Fifteen (M = 8, F = 7) healthy subjects completed either an FR or nonexercise control trial in randomized order. Heart rate variability and BP measurements were collected at baseline, 10, and 30 minutes after each trial. There were significant increases (p < 0.01) in markers of vagal tone (normalized high frequency) for 30 minutes after the FR trial, whereas no changes from baseline were observed after control. There were also significant decreases (p < 0.05) in markers of sympathetic activity (normalized low frequency), sympathovagal balance (ratio of normalized low frequency to normalized high frequency), systolic BP, and diastolic BP at 10 and 30 minutes after the trial KB trial, whereas no changes from baseline were observed after the control trial. Our findings indicate that FR decreases sympathovagal balance for 30 minutes postintervention, which is concurrent with an important hypotensive effect. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential cardiovascular protective effects of FR in diverse populations.
Evaluation of Seasonal Changes in Fitness, Anthropometrics, and Body Composition in Collegiate Division II Female Soccer Players
Authors: Peart Ashley N. , Nicks Clayton R. , Mangum Michael , Tyo Brian M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeart, AN, Nicks, CR, Mangum, M, and Tyo, BM. Evaluation of seasonal changes in fitness, anthropometrics, and body composition in collegiate division II female soccer players.J Strength Cond Res32(7): 2010–2017, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate anthropometrics, body composition, aerobic and anaerobic fitness of collegiate Division II female soccer players throughout a calendar year. Eighteen (20 ± 0.9 years) National Collegiate Athletics Association division II female soccer players from the same team participated in the study. Anthropometrics and body composition variables were assessed in addition to the counter movement jump (CMJ), Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT), and peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak). Data were collected over 5 time points: end of competitive seasons (ECS1 and ECS2), beginning of off-season (BOS), end of off-season (EOS), and preseason (PS). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to compare test scores among all 5 data collection points. Where appropriate, Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to determine which points were significantly different. Hip circumference decreased significantly (p< 0.001) from EOS (98.47 ± 6.5 cm) to PS (94.46 ± 6.8 cm). Fat mass (12.73 ± 5.4 kg) was significantly different in ECS2 compared with BOS and EOS means (p≤ 0.05) and percentage of body fat (%BF) (20.08 ± 5.44) significantly different in ECS2 compared with ECS1, BOS, and EOS means (p≤ 0.05), whereas fat-free mass (FFM) was maintained from ECS1 to ECS2. Counter movement jump, WAT, and V̇o2peak performance did not significantly change from ECS1 to ECS2. Anthropometrics and body composition results are similar to previous studies measuring Division II to professional female soccer players. Counter movement jump results remained consistent and are comparable to results on Division I female soccer players. Coaches and researchers can use these data to help design and evaluate training programs throughout a calendar year.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Estimation of Upper-Limb Blood Flow Restriction in the Seated Position
Authors: Borges Afonso , Teodósio Carolina , Matos Pedro , Mil-Homens Pedro , Pezarat-Correia Pedro , Fahs Christopher , Mendonca Goncalo V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Borges, A, Teodósio, C, Matos, P, Mil-Homens, P, Pezarat-Correia, P, Fahs, C, and Mendonca, GV. Sexual dimorphism in the estimation of upper-limb blood flow restriction in the seated position. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2096–2102, 2018—Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is typically used to normalize blood flow restriction (BFR) during low-intensity BFR exercise. Despite strong evidence for sexual dimorphism in muscle blood flow, sex-related differences in AOP estimation remain a controversial topic. We aimed at determining whether the relationship of upper-limb AOP with arm circumference and systolic blood pressure (BP) differs between men and women resting in the seated position. Sixty-two healthy young participants (31 men: 21.7 ± 2.3; 31 women: 22.0 ± 2.0 years) were included in this study. Arm circumference, resting BP, and AOP were taken in the seated position. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine whether the relationship of AOP with arm circumference and resting BP differed between sexes. Prediction accuracy was assessed with the mean absolute percent error and Bland-Altman plots. Men had higher systolic BP and larger arm circumference than women (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, AOP was similar between sexes. Arm circumference, systolic BP, and sex were all significant predictors of AOP (p < 0.05), explaining 42% of its variance. The absolute percent error was similar in both sexes (men: −0.55 ± 7.12; women: −0.39 ± 6.31%, p > 0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean difference between actual and estimated AOP was nearly zero in both groups, with no systematic overestimation or underestimation. In conclusion, arm circumference, systolic BP, and sex are all significant predictors of upper-limb–seated AOP. Their measurement allows for the indirect estimation of BFR pressure within the context of exercise training.
Evaluation of the Most Reliable Procedure of Determining Jump Height During the Loaded Countermovement Jump Exercise: Take-Off Velocity vs. Flight Time
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A and García-Ramos, A. Evaluation of the most reliable procedure of determining jump height during the loaded countermovement jump exercise: Take-off velocity vs. flight time. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2025–2030, 2018—This study aimed to compare the reliability of jump height between the 2 standard procedures of analyzing force-time data (take-off velocity [TOV] and flight time [FT]) during the loaded countermovement (CMJ) exercise performed with a free-weight barbell and in a Smith machine. The jump height of 17 men (age: 22.2 ± 2.2 years, body mass: 75.2 ± 7.1 kg, and height: 177.0 ± 6.0 cm) was tested in 4 sessions (twice for each CMJ type) against external loads of 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg. Jump height reliability was comparable between the TOV (coefficient of variation [CV]: 6.42 ± 2.41%) and FT (CV: 6.53 ± 2.17%) during the free-weight CMJ, but it was higher for the FT when the CMJ was performed in a Smith machine (CV: 11.34 ± 3.73% for TOV and 5.95 ± 1.12% for FT). Bland-Altman plots revealed trivial differences (≤0.27 cm) and no heteroscedasticity of the errors (R
2 ≤ 0.09) for the jump height obtained by the TOV and FT procedures, whereas the random error between both procedures was higher for the CMJ performed in the Smith machine (2.02 cm) compared with the free-weight barbell (1.26 cm). Based on these results, we recommend the FT procedure to determine jump height during the loaded CMJ performed in a Smith machine, whereas the TOV and FT procedures provide similar reliability during the free-weight CMJ.
Electron-Impact Excitation of 51S – 51Po Resonance Transition in Sr Atom
Authors: Nagy E. A. , Gedeon V. F. , Gedeon S. V. , Lazur V. Yu. 
Published: March 2018

Main aspects of a new version of the B-spline R-matrix (BSR) method, in which nonorthogonal orbitals are applied, have been described. The BSR approximation is used to calculate the resonance structure of integral cross-sections of the 51S - 51Po transition at the electron scattering by a strontium atom in the energy interval up to 10 eV. The multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method with a nonorthogonal set of orbitals is employed to accurately represent the target wave functions. The close-coupling expansion included 31 bound states of a neutral strontium atom ranging from the ground state to the 5s5f 1Fo one. The calculated cross-sections are in good agreement with available experimental data and can be exhaustively interpreted. The structure of a resonance feature in the e-Sr scattering cross-sections at about 4 eV is discussed.
Prevalence of odontogenic pain and associated factors in children treated at a pediatric dental emergency service
Authors: Muller Camila Erlacher , Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira , Dadalto Elaine Cristina Vargas , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Sarmento Lilian Citty , Gomes Ana Maria Martins 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and to analyze the factors associated with odontogenic pain among children at a pediatric dental emergency service.METHODS: The retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using the clinical records of children (0 to 12 years old) attended from 2003 to 2010 at the Pediatric Dentistry Emergency Service of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. The information was collected by a researcher, and a structured form was used to collect all data from patients’ records. A bivariate analysis of the absolute and relative frequencies of odontogenic pain (spontaneous and induced) and associated factors (age, gender, diagnosis, treatment and referrals) was performed with the chi-square or Fisher tests (p<0.05).RESULTS: Of the 574 records examined, 308 (53.7%) had reported odontogenic pain. The majority of the individuals were male (51.0%) between 4 and 8 years of age (40.9%). Odontogenic pain affected more frequently the deciduous tooth (76.9%), with induced dental pain (54.5%), diagnosed with dental caries (54.5%), which was treated with extraction (21.4%), and referred to another clinic (59.7%). The type of odontogenic pain was not associated with gender, age group or affected tissue (p>0.05), but there was a higher prevalence of spontaneous pain in children with caries in a deciduous tooth with pulpal involvement, who were treated with endodontic medication and endodontic treatment (p<0.05). Among children with induced pain, there was a higher prevalence of trauma and decay in deciduous and permanent teeth without pulpal involvement, and they received temporary restoration and were referred to the trauma project (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: There was higher prevalence of odontogenic pain in children between 4-8 years of age, with deciduous dentition and dental caries. The type of odontogenic pain was associated with diagnosis, treatment and referral, but was not associated with gender and age.
Retentive strength evaluation of resin cements in two-piece zirconia abutments
Authors: Lacerda Gabriel Pinheiro , De Carvalho Rodrigo Furtado , Sudré João Paulo Da Silva , Chaves Maria das Graças Afonso de Miranda , Leite Fabíola Pessôa Pereira 
Published: March 2018

Objective : To evaluate, in vitro, the retentive strength between the two-piece zircônia abutments, comparing different types of resin cements.Methods: Thirty zirconia parts manufactured by CAD-CAM technology were divided into three groups, according to the resin cement used for their cementation on the metallic titanium bases: dual-curing self-adhesive, dual-curing conventional and chemically activated. The specimens were stored in distilled water (24 hours, 37°C), followed by thermocycling and submitted to 30 s in baths of 5°C and 55°C, 2 s displacement time, with 6,000 cycles. The mechanical cycling tests werecarried out with specimens submerse in distilled water (37°C), with load of 100N, 2 H z frequency and 200,000 cycles. After thermomechanical tests, the specimens were submitted to a tensile test using a universal testing device until the complete separation of, which were analyzed in stereomicroscope, to determine the cementation failure pattern.Results : The adhesive-type cementation failure occurred in all specimens. The retentive strength values did not differ statistically between the groups.Conclusion : All three tested resin cements provided enough retentive to the two-piece zirconia abutments.