bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Packaging texture influences product taste and consumer satisfaction
Authors: Ferreira Bruno M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article aims to understand how and when sensory congruence (and incongruence) between packaging textures and product textures affects hedonic food taste evaluations and consumer satisfaction. Involving chocolate tastings and following experimental protocols, two studies show the effects of sensory congruence (and incongruence). Two products (with two textures: smooth and granular) and two packaging forms (with two textures: smooth and granular) were used. The first study focuses only on the visual influence of packaging texture. The second study explores both the visual and haptic influences of packaging texture on perceptions of a product when the product was contained inside the packaging. The results indicate that the effects of packaging texture on product perceptions occur mostly in presence of both visual and haptic interactions with the packaging texture. If sensory incongruence exists between packaging texture and product texture, then the packaging texture might negatively affect evaluations of product taste and the satisfaction level. These findings are generated for a single product category using experiments designed to highlight consumers' attention on product taste and their satisfaction. This article provides preliminary guidelines on how to utilize packaging texture to congruently stimulate consumers' perceptions and satisfaction.Practical ApplicationsThese results are relevant to sensory scientists and packaging designers interested in how packaging textures interact with product. This research contributes to the literature on food consumption and sensory marketing by integrating the influences of sensory congruence between both textures. Although previous research supports the use of packaging features to stimulate consumers' perceptions and behaviors, none examine the interaction and effects of manipulating both packaging texture and product texture. Specifically, this research shows that texturing the packaging might induce lower product taste and lower consumer satisfaction if there is sensory incongruence between the packaging texture and the product texture. This negative impact occurs in the case in which the packaging texture induces expectations about product texture that are not present in the product's features.
Updated geographic range maps for giraffe, Giraffa spp., throughout sub‐Saharan Africa, and implications of changing distributions for conservation
Authors: O'connor David , Stacy‐Dawes Jenna , Muneza Arthur , Fennessy Julian , Gobush Kathleen , Chase Michael J. , Brown Michael B. , Bracis Chloe , Elkan Paul , Zaberirou Abdoul Razazk Moussa , Rabeil Thomas , Rubenstein Dan , Becker Matthew S. , Phillips Samantha , Stabach Jared A. , Leimgruber Peter , Glikman Jenny A. , Ruppert Kirstie , Masiaine Symon , Mueller Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Giraffe populations have declined in abundance by almost 40% over the last three decades, and the geographic ranges of the species (previously believed to be one, now defined as four species) have been significantly reduced or altered. With substantial changes in land uses, loss of habitat, declining abundance, translocations, and data gaps, the existing geographic range maps for giraffe need to be updated.

We performed a review of existing giraffe range data, including aerial and ground observations of giraffe, existing geographic range maps, and available literature. The information we collected was discussed with and validated by subject‐matter experts. Our updates may serve to correct inaccuracies or omissions in the baseline map, or may reflect actual changes in the distribution of giraffe.

Relative to the 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Assessment range map, the updated geographic range maps show a 5.6% decline in the range area of all giraffe taxa combined. The ranges of Giraffa camelopardalis (northern giraffe) and Giraffa tippelskirchi (Masai giraffe) decreased in area by 37% (122432 km2) and 4.7% (20816 km2) respectively, whereas 14% (41696 km2) of the range of Giraffa reticulata (reticulated giraffe) had not been included in the original geographic range map and has now been added. The range of Giraffa giraffa (southern giraffe) showed little overall change; it increased by 0.1% (419 km2).

Ranges were larger than previously reported in six of the 21 range countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe), had declined in seven (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Malawi, Niger, Uganda, and Zambia) and remained unchanged in seven (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, eSwatini, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, and South Africa).

In Kenya, the ranges of both Giraffa tippelskirchi and Giraffa camelopardalis decreased, but the range of Giraffa reticulata was larger than previously believed.

Our updated range maps increase existing knowledge, and are important for conservation planning for giraffe. However, since rapid infrastructure development throughout much of Africa is a driver of giraffe population declines, there is an urgent need for a continent‐wide, consistent and systematic giraffe survey to produce more accurate range maps, in order to inform conservation and policy planning.
Nature and specificity of altered cognitive functioning in IBS
Authors: Wong Kenneth Man‐Fung , Mak Arthur Dun Ping , Yuen Suet Ying , Leung Owen Ngo Wang , Ma Duan Yang , Chan Yawen , Cheong Pui Kuan , Lui Rashid , Wong Sunny Hei , Wu Justin Che‐Yuen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether cognitive dysfunction found in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was attributable to the different subtypes, ongoing pathophysiological processes, trait characteristics, or psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsForty Rome‐III patients with IBS (20 diarrhea‐predominant [IBS‐D] and 20 constipation‐predominant [IBS‐C]) and 40 age‐, sex‐, education‐matched healthy controls were systematically recruited and compared on their cognitive function with continuous performance test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and emotional Stroop test. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15) and a structured bowel symptom questionnaire were performed to measure anxiety, depressive, somatization, and bowel symptoms, respectively. Psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained with SCID‐I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders).Key ResultsPatients with IBS showed significantly increased standard deviation of reaction time (SDRT) (P = .003) on CPT, increased failure to maintain set (FMS) (P=.002), and percentage of perseverative errors (P = .003) on WCST. SDRT did not correlate with illness chronicity or bowel symptoms. FMS correlated with bowel symptom severity. In logistic regression models controlled for BAI, BDI‐II, and PHQ‐15, SDRT (AOR = 1.08, P = .025), but not FMS (P = .25) or percentage of perseverative errors (P = .24), significantly differentiated IBS from controls. Cognitive function was not significantly different between IBS‐C and IBS‐D (P > .05), or between pure IBS (n = 22) and IBS with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (n = 17) (P > .05).Conclusions & InferencesPatients with IBS showed attentional and executive function impairment irrespective of subtypes but otherwise heterogeneous in terms of its state‐trait correlations and overlap with anxiety comorbidity.
Hypoglycemia‐associated autonomic failure, counterregulatory responses, and therapeutic options in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rickels Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypoglycemia remains a major barrier to the achievement of target levels of glycemic control for most individuals with insulin‐dependent type 1 diabetes (T1D). Both the loss of β cells and an accompanying defect in the α cell response to hypoglycemia predispose patients with T1D to the development of low blood glucose. Increased glucose variability, exposure to hypoglycemia, and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia all contribute to increased risk of experiencing severe hypoglycemia, which is explained by progressive impairment in epinephrine secretion and autonomic symptom generation in response to hypoglycemia leading to defective glucose counterregulation and hypoglycemia unawareness that characterize hypoglycemia‐associated autonomic failure (HAAF). Interruption of HAAF requires interfering with the mechanisms of brain adaptation to low blood glucose that affect central glucose sensing and the autonomic response to hypoglycemia, or avoidance of hypoglycemia that may allow for eventual recovery of counterregulatory and autonomic symptom responses. Strategies for hypoglycemia avoidance that include continuous glucose monitoring may reduce, but do not eliminate, clinically significant hypoglycemia, with ongoing counterregulatory defects and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Complete avoidance of hypoglycemia can be achieved following pancreatic islet transplantation and allows for the restoration of counterregulatory and autonomic symptom responses that evidences the potential for reversing HAAF in T1D.
Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in oral and salivary gland cancers
Authors: Zhan Chaoning , Yang Xiaojun , Yin Xuemin , Hou Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes) are a group of heterogeneous nanometer‐sized vesicles that are released by all types of cells and serve as functional mediators of cell‐to‐cell communication. This ability is primarily due to their capacity to package and transport various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—namely DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA), but also microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These contents can influence the function and fate of both recipient and donor cells. More and more studies have shown that EVs are involved in every phase of cancer development, mediating bidirectional cross talk between cancer cells and their tissue microenvironment. More specifically, EVs can promote tumor progression by modifying vesicular contents and establishing a distant premetastatic niche with molecules that favor cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and even drug resistance. Given that the packaging of these molecules is known to be tissue‐specific, EVs can not only serve as novel prognostic and diagnostic markers but also be used as potential therapeutic targets and vehicles for drug delivery. The present review discusses the current understanding of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the progression of oral and salivary gland cancers, as well as their potential use in clinical applications.
The human right to subsistence
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThat there is a human right to subsistence is a basic assumption for most moral and political theorists interested in the problem of global poverty, but it is not one exempt from controversy. In this article, I examine four justifications for this right and suggest that it takes the form of a claim, that is, a right which creates correlative duties on others who are then taken to be the main agents in its fulfillment. I point to some criticisms made against this conceptualization and offer an alternative approach that emphasizes the key importance of the moral and political agency of the needy. Two aspects of this approach are that the needy are seen as actors in their own right when it comes to poverty alleviation measures and their demands are no longer seen as demands for mere subsistence but ultimately for putting an end to their political marginalization and exclusion. Towards the end, I point to the complementarity of both views.
Are carbonate barrier islands mobile? Insights from a mid to late‐Holocene system, Al Ruwais, northern Qatar
Authors: Rivers John , Engel Max , Dalrymple Robert , Yousif Ruqaiya , Strohmenger Christian J. , Al‐Shaikh Ismail 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBarrier islands are important landforms in many coastal systems around the globe. Studies of modern barrier island systems are mostly limited to those of siliciclastic realms, where the islands are recognized as mobile features that form on transgressive coastlines and migrate landward as sea‐level rises. Barrier islands of the ‘Great Pearl Bank’ along the United Arab Emirates coast are the best‐known carbonate examples. These Holocene islands, however, are interpreted to be anchored by older deposits and immobile. The mid‐Holocene to late‐Holocene depositional system at Al Ruwais, northern Qatar, provides an example of a mobile carbonate barrier island system, perhaps more similar to siliciclastic equivalents. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses, as well as 14C‐dating of shells and biogenic remains from vibracored sediments and surface deposits, show that after 7000 years ago a barrier system with a narrow back‐barrier lagoon formed along what is now an exposed coastal zone, while, contemporaneously, a laterally‐extensive coral reef was forming immediately offshore. After 1400 years ago the barrier system was forced to step ca 3 km seaward in response to a sea‐level fall of less than 2 m, where it re‐established itself directly on the mid‐Holocene reef. Since that time, the barrier has retreated landward as much as 1000 m to its current position, exposing previously‐deposited back‐barrier lagoonal sediment at the open‐coast shoreline. In modern neritic warm‐water carbonate settings mobile barrier island systems are rare. Their construction and migration may be inhibited by reef formation, early cementation, and the relative inefficiency of sourcing beach sediments from open carbonate shelves. Carbonate barrier island systems likely formed more commonly during geological periods when ramps and unrimmed shelves predominated and in calcite seas, when meteoric cementation was minimized as a result of initial calcitic allochem mineralogy. As with their siliciclastic analogues, however, recognition of the influence of these transient landforms in the rock record is challenging.
Successful expansion of community‐based drug‐resistant TB care in rural Eswatini – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kerschberger Bernhard , Telnov Alex , Yano Nanako , Cox Helen , Zabsonre Inoussa , Kabore Serge Mathurin , Vambe Debrah , Ngwenya Siphiwe , Rusch Barbara , Tombo Marie Luce , Ciglenecki Iza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesProvision of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB) treatment is scarce in resource‐limited settings. We assessed the feasibility of ambulatory DR‐TB care for treatment expansion in rural Eswatini.MethodsRetrospective patient‐level data were used to evaluate ambulatory DR‐TB treatment provision in rural Shiselweni (Eswatini), from 2008 to 2016. DR‐TB care was either clinic‐based led by nurses or community‐based at the patient's home with involvement of community treatment supporters for provision of treatment to patients with difficulties in accessing facilities. We describe programmatic outcomes and used multivariate flexible parametric survival models to assess time to adverse outcomes. Both care models were costed in supplementary analyses.ResultsOf 698 patients initiated on DR‐TB treatment, 57% were women and 84% were HIV‐positive. Treatment initiations increased from 27 in 2008 to 127 in 2011 and decreased thereafter to 51 in 2016. Proportionally, community‐based care increased from 19% in 2009 to 77% in 2016. Treatment success was higher for community‐based care (79%) than clinic‐based care (68%, P = 0.002). After adjustment for covariate factors among adults (n = 552), the risk of adverse outcomes (death, loss to follow‐up, treatment failure) in community‐based care was reduced by 41% (adjusted hazard ratio 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.91). Findings were supported by sensitivity analyses. The care provider's per‐patient costs for community‐based (USD13 345) and clinic‐based (USD12 990) care were similar.ConclusionsAmbulatory treatment outcomes were good, and community‐based care achieved better treatment outcomes than clinic‐based care at comparable costs. Contextualised DR‐TB care programmes are feasible and can support treatment expansion in rural settings.
Recommendations for rehabilitation after surgical treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: A 2017 survey of veterinary practitioners
Authors: Eiermann Jennifer , Kirkby‐Shaw Kristin , Evans Richard B. , Knell Sebastian C. , Kowaleski Michael P. , Schmierer Philipp A. , Bergh Mary S. , Bleedorn Jason , Cuddy Laura C. , Kieves Nina R. , Lotsikas Peter , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report current recommendations made by veterinarians for rehabilitation after surgical treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.Study designAnonymized electronic survey.Sample populationVeterinarians performing CrCL stabilization.MethodsAn electronic survey was created to collect information on general attitudes toward postoperative rehabilitation and recommendations regarding therapeutic modalities and bandaging. Quantitative data are reported by descriptive statistical analysis, percentage of responses, or mean (±SD). The recommendations for postoperative bandaging beyond 24 hours and for postoperative rehabilitation after extracapsular stabilization compared with after tibial osteotomy were tested by using Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests, withP < .05 considered statistically significant.ResultsThe data analysis included 376 responses (13% response rate). Most (71%) respondents consistently recommended postoperative rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was more than twofold more likely to be recommended after extracapsular stabilization than after osteotomies (P= .0142). Most respondents did not recommend bandaging beyond 24 hours postoperatively (P= .00012).ConclusionMost respondents recommended either formal or informal postoperative rehabilitation therapy.Clinical significanceIf the survey respondents are representative of veterinarians performing CrCL surgery, the current attitude is supportive of postsurgical rehabilitation. Most respondents would welcome evidence‐based guidelines for rehabilitation protocols.
Comparison between optical coherence tomographic and histopathologic appearances of artifacts caused by common surgical conditions and instrumentation
Authors: Cocca Christina J. , Selmic Laura E. , Samuelson Jonathan , Huang Pin‐Chieh , Wang Jianfeng , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo document the appearance of artifacts created by commonly encountered surgical conditions and instrumentation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to compare these findings with histopathology.Study designEx vivo study.AnimalsFive canine cadavers.MethodsSkin, subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle, and fascia samples were obtained from fresh canine cadavers. Blood pooling, hemostatic crushing, scalpel blade cut, monopolar electrosurgery, bipolar vessel sealing device, and ultrasonic energy surgical artifacts were induced on each tissue type. Each specimen was imaged with OCT and subsequently histologically processed.ResultsMost surgical instrumentation used for tumor excision created a high‐scattering region with local architectural disruption. Blood pooling was visible as a high‐scattering layer overlying tissue with normal architecture. Only the scalpel blade created a focal, low‐scattering area representing a sharply demarcated cut within the tissue distinct from the appearance of other instrumentation.ConclusionCommon surgical instruments and conditions encountered during tumor excision produced high‐scattering OCT artifacts in tissues commonly seen at surgical margins.Clinical significanceThe clinical value of OCT hinges on the ability of personnel to interpret this novel imaging and recognize artifacts. Defining and describing the appearance of common surgical artifacts provides a foundation to create image libraries with known histological and OCT interpretation, ultimately improving the diagnostic accuracy of OCT for assessment of surgical margins.
Décomposition de Hodge pour l’homologie stable des groupes d’automorphismes des groupes libres
Authors: Djament Aurélien 
Published: August 2019

On établit une décomposition de l’homologie stable des groupes d’automorphismes des groupes libres à coefficients polynomiaux contravariants en termes d’homologie des foncteurs. Elle permet plusieurs calculs explicites, qui recoupent des résultats établis de manière indépendante par O. Randal-Williams et généralisent certains d’entre eux. Nos méthodes reposent sur l’examen d’extensions de Kan dérivées associées à plusieurs catégories de groupes libres, la généralisation d’un critère d’annulation homologique à coefficients polynomiaux dû à Scorichenko, le théorème de Galatius identifiant l’homologie stable des groupes d’automorphismes des groupes libres à celle des groupes symétriques, la machinerie des$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$-espaces et le scindement de Snaith.
Outer retinal hyperreflective deposits (ORYD): a new OCT feature in naïve diabetic macular oedema after PPV with ILM peeling
Authors: Iglicki Matias , Loewenstein Anat , Barak Adiel , Schwartz Shulamit , Zur Dinah 
Published: August 2019

AimsWe aimed to investigate a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding of outer retinal hyperreflective deposits (ORYDs) in patients with naïve diabetic macular oedema (DMO) seen after small gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Furthermore, we evaluated the predictive value of ORYD for visual outcome over 24 months follow-up.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including 111 eyes from 111 patients with naïve DMO treated by PPV and ILM peeling with a follow-up of 24 months. OCT scans were analysed for the presence of ORYD 1 week and 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. Change in baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfoveal thickness (CST) after surgery were measured over the follow-up period. Presence of ORYD was correlated with baseline characteristics and BCVA after 24 months.ResultsHundred and eleven eyes from 111 patients were included (mean age 67.5±14.8 years). ORYD was identified in the outer plexiform layer as hyperreflective deposits in 92 patients (82.8%) 7 days after surgery but it was not present before surgery. There was a significant reduction in the presence of ORYD. After 24 months ORYD disappeared in all cases (p<0.001).ConclusionsWe describe a novel OCT feature of ORYD present in the early postoperative phase in the majority of patients after PPV with ILM peeling for naïve DMO, disappearing over the postoperative course. These deposits might be a result of sudden desinflammation and could shed new light on the process of DMO resolution after operative intervention.