bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging in Encephalitis
Authors: Venkatesan Arun , Jagdish Balaji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for infectious and autoimmune encephalitis, the management of patients with suspected or confirmed encephalitis poses a great challenge to physicians. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, can play a crucial role in substantiating the diagnosis of encephalitis and eliminating clinical mimics of encephalitis from consideration. Moreover, characteristic neuroimaging patterns can aid in defining specific infectious and autoimmune etiologies. Volumetric and functional MRI, in particular, are being increasingly used to characterize outcomes following encephalitis and can shed light on brain reorganization and function after the acute phase of disease has resolved. Here, we discuss the uses of structural, functional, and PET neuroimaging in the clinical assessment of the acute and recovery phases of encephalitis.
Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Agnihotri Shruti P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpportunistic infections of the central nervous system are classically associated with immunosuppression arising from infection with human immunodeficiency virus and with various hematologic malignancies. However, over the past few years, they are increasingly associated with transplantation and various immunosuppressive treatments used to treat autoimmune diseases. They cause significant morbidity and mortality and remain a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of typical signs and symptoms of infection and mimicry by various noninfectious causes. The pathogens associated with these infections are often commonly found pathogens of low virulence in immunocompetent hosts and include various bacteria, parasites, fungi, or viruses. These infections can present as various clinical syndromes, including meningitis, encephalitis, space-occupying lesions, stroke-like presentations, or even neoplastic manifestations. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy can be seen in patients with multiple sclerosis on various new immunomodulatory drugs in addition to patients with human immunodeficiency virus, transplantation, or hematologic malignancies, and is characterized by multifocal white matter lesions. Human herpesvirus-6 causes severe encephalitis in transplant recipients, known as posttransplantation acute limbic encephalitis. Neoplastic manifestations like Epstein–Barr virus-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders are particularly challenging to diagnose and manage. Modern diagnostic techniques, including advanced imaging techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy, use of polymerase chain reaction, and metagenomic sequencing, can be helpful in early recognition of pathogens. Treatment of most of these involves lowering of immunosuppression when possible and use of specific antimicrobial agents when available. Improved outcomes can be seen when early diagnosis is made.
Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Jia Dan Tong , Thakur Kiran 
Published: August 2019

Fungal central nervous system infections present in a myriad of clinical manifestation and remain a significant diagnostic challenge. Presenting symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, conventional fungal serum markers and imaging correlates of disease are seldom sensitive or specific; fungal culture growth or histopathologic analysis are often required for definitive diagnoses but limited by feasibility. Novel diagnostic tools (such as the cryptococcal antigen and next-generation sequencing) have increased diagnostic potency when available but require further studies to define their utility.Invasive fungal infections are an emerging health threat in the setting of increased immunomodulatory treatments, advancements in transplant medicine and increased world-wide travel. Therefore, strong clinical suspicion from epidemiologic clues, clinical progression and presence of CNS dissemination risk factors must be exercised to pursue broad diagnostic workups and rapidly initiate medical and surgical management. This article will describe the epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic approach and therapeutic interventions for fungal infections in the central nervous system.
How to Achieve an Accurate Anatomical Femoral Tunnel Technique in ACL Reconstruction in the Early Years of Your Consultancy? Femoral Offset Aimer Technique: Consistent and Reproducible Technique
Authors: Ellapparadja Pregash , Joseph Ignatius , Selvaratnam Veenesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFemoral tunnel malposition is the most common reason for failure of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There are several methods to identify the anatomical location of femoral footprint. Femoral offset aimer technique is one such technique which is easy to use and reliable. It is an ideal technique for junior and inexperienced surgeons to recreate the femoral tunnel in its anatomical footprint. The senior author (P.E.) has been using this technique for 30 consecutive cases in his first year of independent practice during his consultancy without any major intraoperative complications. The author describes this technique in this article with tips and tricks which will especially guide the junior and inexperienced surgeons to avoid running into intraoperative problems while drilling the femoral tunnel.
Stem Cells and Plastic Surgery
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil A. , Zavlin Dmitry , Louis Matthew R. , Reece Edward M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPluripotent stem cells can help recreate a variety of different tissues. Stem cells are already in use in a variety of ways in the medical field but plastic surgeons have particular interest because of the constant need to produce additional tissue or mold existing tissue. More and more commercial products are being marketed with far-reaching goals and some with proven and promising results. In this article, the authors discuss the basic science behind stem cells and the theories on how they work. They then discuss some active uses of stem cells that should be understood by all plastic surgeons. The reader should then have an understanding and basis to evaluate new technologies and commercial products as they develop.
Parasitic Infections of the Nervous System
Authors: Garcia Hector H. , Nath Avindra , Del Brutto Oscar H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParasitic infections of the central nervous system are much more common than suspected, although most infections are asymptomatic. For example, parasites like the ubiquitous protozoa Toxoplasma gondii or the nematode larvae Toxocara canis infect significant proportions of the human population. Other parasitic infections such as malaria and neurocysticercosis are widespread in developing countries and become major causes of neurological morbidity in these regions as well in immigrants and travelers. This article reviews parasitic pathogens causing neurological morbidity and mortality, including an extensive list of less common parasitic infections of the human nervous system.
Abdominal Myomectomy for Huge Uterine Myomas with Intra-arterial Balloon Occlusion: Approach to Reduce Blood Loss
Authors: Takeda Satoru , Ota Tsuyoshi , Kaneda Hiroshi , Terao Yasuhisa , Kuwatsuru Ryohei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAbdominal myomectomy for a huge myomas, especially uterine cervical myoma, is difficult because of risks, such as intraoperative bleeding or injury to adjacent organs. Therefore, understanding of the positional relationships among a huge myoma, especially cervical or intraligamental myoma, and the vascular plexuses in the right and left cardinal ligaments is important for prevention of massive bleeding during myomectomy. While sufficiently performing preoperative assessment with pelvic examination, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc., surgeons should always keep in mind how they can reduce the blood loss volume, while safely and surely performing resections. For a cervical myoma of the uterus and giant uterine leiomyoma that leave no intrapelvic space and prevent palpation and identification of the uterine arteries and the internal iliac arteries, surgery can be performed safely by preoperatively placing balloon catheters in the internal iliac arteries. Hemostaic strategies for myomectomy and tips of subsequent pregnancy following myomectomy are also described.
Long-Term Outcomes for Arthroscopic Thermal Treatment for Scapholunate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Burn Matthew B. , Sarkissian Eric J. , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

Background Arthroscopic electrothermal treatment of low-grade Geissler's scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears has shown clinical benefit at short-term follow-up.
Questions/Purpose This study aims to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes in patients undergoing this treatment.
Patients and Methods A retrospective review of all patients treated between 2005 and 2013 was performed. Patients were excluded with less than 5 years of follow-up, the presence of static SLIL injuries, prior wrist surgery, and concomitant denervation. Symptom resolution, return to activity, postoperative complications, range of motion, grip strength, and subsequent treatment were recorded. Each patient completed Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), Modified Mayo Wrist (MMW), and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaires.
Results Nine patients underwent treatment for Geissler's grade I, II, and III SLIL injuries with a mean 7 years (range: 5–11 years) of follow-up. Mean grip strength was 99% of the nonsurgical extremity. Wrist motion was near symmetric with a mean of 76 (±14), 74 (±8), 21 (±13), and 40 degrees (±13) for wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation. QuickDASH improved significantly by a mean 39 points (50 (preoperative)–11 [postoperative], p = 0.009). Postoperative MMW and PRWE scores were 83 and 14, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) score was 1.4. A total of 90% was returned to their preinjury level of function or higher.
Conclusions Arthroscopic electrothermal treatment of low-grade Geissler's SLIL tears demonstrates excellent objective and subjective outcomes at a minimum 5-year follow-up, providing evidence that this is an effective, safe, and, most importantly, durable-therapeutic modality.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.
Retrospective Analysis of Short-Term Respiratory Outcomes of Three Different Steroids Used in Clinical Practice in Intubated Preterm Infants
Authors: Nath Sfurti , Reynolds Anne Marie , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Ma ChangXing , Hudak Mark L. , Ryan Rita M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to compare short-term respiratory outcomes of three steroids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone) to facilitate extubation by improving respiratory status in preterm infants.Study Design This is a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of 98 intubated preterm infants ≤346/7 weeks' gestation, admitted to a 64-bed, level III neonatal intensive care unit at the Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, between 2006 and 2012, who received a short course of low-dose steroids for lung disease after first week of life.Results Study infants received dexamethasone (34%), hydrocortisone (44%), or methylprednisolone (22%) based on clinical team preference. By day 7 after initiation of steroids, extubation occurred in 59, 44, and 41%, respectively, in infants on dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone (p = 0.3). The mean respiratory severity score (RSS = fraction of inspired oxygen × mean airway pressure), a quantitative measure of respiratory status, decreased by 44% for all infants and by 59% in the dexamethasone group by day 7.Conclusion Steroids improved short-term respiratory outcomes in all infants (RSS and extubation); by day 7, dexamethasone treatment was associated with the greatest decrease in RSS. Additional prospective, randomized trials of short-course low-dose steroids are warranted to substantiate these findings to guide clinical decision making and in evaluating differential steroid effects on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Satellite soil moisture observations predict burned area in Southeast Asian peatlands
Authors: Dadap Nathan C , Cobb Alexander R , Hoyt Alison M , Harvey Charles F , Konings Alexandra G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fires that emit massive amounts of CO2 and particulate matter now burn with regularity in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands. Natural peatlands in Southeast Asia are waterlogged for most of the year and experience little or no fire, but networks of canals constructed for agriculture have drained vast areas of these peatlands, making the soil vulnerable to fire during periods of low rainfall. While soil moisture is the most direct measure of peat flammability, it has not been incorporated into fire studies due to an absence of regional observations. Here, we create the first remotely sensed soil moisture dataset for tropical peatlands in Sumatra, Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia by applying a new retrieval algorithm to satellite data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission with data spanning the 2015 El Niño burning event. Drier soil up to 30 days prior to fire correlates with larger burned area. The predictive information provided by soil moisture complements that of precipitation. Our remote sensing-derived results mirror those from a laboratory-based peat ignition study, suggesting that the dependence of fire on soil moisture exhibits scale independence within peatlands. Soil moisture measured from SMAP, a dataset spanning 2015-present, is a valuable resource for peat fire studies and warning systems.
The Potential of Nature Tourism at Muar and Tangkak Districts, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Hamdi A E , Maryati M , Shafiq Hamdin M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This research is to integrate the focused economy into a more non-consumptive alternative; considering that a sustainable nature tourism could contribute to conservation of biodiversity. The objective of the study is to identify status and nature of existing tourism sites and products within Muar and Tangkak districts, in Johor. At the same time researchers pinpoint potential nature tourism products and suggest their development adding values to existing tourism activities. The final touch to this venture is creation of souvenir prototypes that portrays local image. Data were collected by site visits, scan observation and field sampling. Among chosen destinations were Gunung Ledang Johor National Park, C&C Mushroom Cultivation Farm Sdn. Bhd., Tangkak; Nasuha Herbs & Spice Farm and Tanjung Ketapang and Tanjung Emas Parks, Muar. Existing tourism products were oyster mushroom and herbal tea. From this research potential products proposed are stingless bee (Trigona group) and sandalwood (Aquilaria malaccensis), bunga tanjung (Mimusops elengi) and bird watching respectively. These new products were tested against eight criteria currently used for development of nature tourism product and they met six: morphological attractiveness, behavioural enticement, linkage to local culture, ecologically important to people, reliability of sightings and safety. Based on aspects such as time, cost and risk, data acquired were analyzed and used in formulating a tentative tourism package. Formulated tourism packages would need testing in the near future before released to be promoted into the market. From this research several other attractions and potential products were identified and discussed in this paper.
A study of a termite chemical defense fluid compound of Macrotermes carbonarius
Authors: Alia Diyana M H , Appalasamy S , Arumugam N , Boon J G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Termite caste consists of reproductive individuals, worker, and soldier. Soldiers defend their colony by physical and chemical means. For Macrotermes carbonarius, they use mandibles as their physical defense and defense fluid for chemical defense. Their defense fluid plays a vital role to defend their caste from any harm from another insect such as ants. This can be related to the fact that M. carbonarius is an urban pest that has many threats to their colony. However, less study had been focused on their defense fluid composition and how the compounds function. This study was carried out to determine the compound present in the defense fluid of M. carbonarius. The methods used in this study were thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). TLC detection indicated presence of three unknown compounds and one important compound. GCMS analysis had confirmed the compound as lauric acid methyl esther that was obtained from the TLC. This information would contribute to fill up the research gap and assist in better understanding the compound composition found in M. carbonarius defense fluid to protect their colony, an update on the defense fluid research since 1979 by Prestwich.
Extraction and partial characterization of durian rind pectin
Authors: Hasem N H , Mohamad Fuzi S F Z , Kormin F , Abu Bakar M F , Sabran S F 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDurian which is famous for its plentiful nutrition, is a delicious fruit from Southeast Asia with rising popularity worldwide. Since durian rinds are often thrown away as waste, it would be beneficial to transform it into value-added product like pectin. In general, pectin is a complex carbohydrate molecule which broadly applied in food industries such as stabilizer, texturizer, emulsifier, thickeners, gelling agent and many others. The purpose of this research is to determine pectin content in durian rinds using conventional acid extraction and to characterize the properties of pectin in terms of yield, water activity, moisture content and ash content. Pectin was extracted using hydrochloric acid at pH 2.5, 85°C for 60 minutes. The statistical analyses were conducted by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and data obtained were reported in mean and standard deviation. The results indicated that durian rinds pectin yield is 73.67%, 11.53% moisture content, 4.67% ash content, and 0.452 water activity. The overall study highlighted that durian rinds are rich source of pectin and it is likely to become a significant raw material for food industries. The results of this research show successful pectin extraction, acquiring potential advantages for industrial pectin extraction economically and environmentally.
Review on Avian Diversity in Johor State, Malaysia
Authors: Normaisharah M , Norazlimi N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Johor, the 3rd largest state in peninsular Malaysia after Pahang and Perak, has various forest vegetations accommodating a diverse array of avian species. With this endowment, Johor attracts birders all around the globe to come see them closed up. This paper provides review on avian diversity in Johor state with highlighting areas that accommodate importance species and high species richness. Data on bird diversity were extracted from published journals and online resources (Avibase and Birdlife Internaional). To date, a total of 292 species of birds documented in Johor which are representing 41% of birds recorded in Peninsular Malaysia. The highest species richness recorded at Panti Forest Reserve with a total of 248 species recorded dating as early as 2002. Remarkably, 23% of bird recorded classified as Near Threatened and another 7% listed as Threatened under IUCN Redlist. It is hoped that this review would facilitate future planning and management of conservation areas in Johor.
Copepods status in seagrass area of Pulau Tinggi Marine Park, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Shuaib Nasir , Mohammad Maryati , Monica Matias-Peralta Hazel , Saifullah Rusiman Mohd , Babaji Sanusi Shuaibu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Zooplanktons were extensively studied to investigate species composition and density of copepods. Samples were collected from sea grass area in Pulau Tinggi for three months (April, June and October, 2015). Zooplankton samples were collected using Conically shaped plankton net (with mouth opening size of 0.30 m and 1.00 m length) with 100μm mesh size with an acrylic plastic cod end. Ten sampling stations were established for the collection of water samples. In the present study, a total of 54 species of copepods from 29 genera and 22 families were identified. Calanoids were the dominant group among the copepods. The most observed species were Paracalanus indicus, Paracalanus elegans, Oithona falax and Corycaeus agilis. The density of copepods was determined in the month of April, 2015. The highest density was 1245 individuals/m3 during the study period. The findings of the present study provide valuable information for fisheries authorities and marine controlling departments.
Estimated Abundance and Distribution of Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Pallas 1777) in the Rural Landscape of Sukaresmi, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Parikesit  , Withaningsih S , Prastiwi W Dwi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Pallas 1777) is one species of mammal that has high ecological and economical functions. The ecological function of common palm civet is as an agent of forest rejuvenation by dispersing seeds of forest plants. A study to estimate the abundance and distribution of common palm civet was carried out in Sukaresmi village, West Bandung Regency. The study proposed to collect the data of common palm civet abundance and distribution that can be used as a reference for common palm civet protection and conservation measures. Three methods were used: direct survey on common palm civet encounter, direct survey on common palm civet signs, and semi-structured interviews with local informants. The result showed that common palm civet abundance in the study site was estimated between 12 and 66 individuals. The dominant habitat type was kebun campuran (annual-perennial rotation garden) and shrubs. The potential threats to the population of common palm civet was the presence of coucang, bats, squirrels, and frugivorous birds as rivals, dholes as predators, and human as illegal poachers. The effort to protect common palm civet is not yet carried out by the local people as the population is still regarded as abundant and it is not yet of protection concern. Nevertheless, local knowledge about the important roles of common palm civet in the environment can lead to an awareness aimed to reduce illegal poaching.
MultiGuideScan: a multi-processing tool for designing CRISPR guide RNA libraries
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Shaokai , Luo Feng , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
The recent advance in genome engineering technologies based on CRISPR/Cas9 system is enabling people to systematically understand genomic functions. A short RNA string (the CRISPR guide RNA) can guide the Cas9 endonuclease to specific locations in complex genomes to cut DNA double-strands. The CRISPR guide RNA is essential for gene editing systems. Recently, the GuideScan software is developed to design CRISPR guide RNA libraries, which can be used for genome editing of coding and non-coding genomic regions effectively. However, GuideScan is a serial program and computationally expensive for designing CRISPR guide RNA libraries from large genomes. Here, we present an efficient guide RNA library designing tool (MultiGuideScan) by implementing multiple processes of GuideScan. MultiGuideScan speeds up the guide RNA library designing about 9–12 times on a 32-process mode comparing to GuideScan. MultiGuideScan makes it possible to design guide RNA libraries from large genomes.

Availability and implementation: MultiGuideScan is available at GitHub
https://github.com/bioinfomaticsCSU/MultiGuideScan.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.