bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of particle sizes and roasting temperature on the Fe-Ni enrichment of limonite ore from the Wolo mine area, Southeast Sulawesi, using corncob char as reductant
Authors: Sufriadin  , Shinta D , Purwanto  , Amalia R , Akhiruddin  , Ito A , Onggang S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The reduction roasting of a limonite ore sample from the Wolo mine area was investigated using corncob char as a reductant. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of particle sizes and roasting temperature on the mineralogical transformation and Fe-Ni enrichment during the roasting process. The limonite ore was prepared into three size fractions of mesh sieves (-100+150, -150+200, and -200 mesh). Limonite ore was roasted with 2g of corn cob char reductant at temperatures ranging between 800 °C and 1100 °C with a 1-hour reduction time. Limonite ore and roasted products were analyzed to determine the mineral and chemical composition using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. Results of the mineralogical analysis indicated that the sample contained chlorite, goethite, lizardite, maghemite, and quartz. Limonite ore is mainly composed of Fe2O3 (53.59%), followed by SiO2 (12.16%), MgO (2.63%), and Ni (1.52%). Results of reduced roasting of limonite ore exhibited that the ore minerals were transformed into spinel, wustite, fayalite, and some tetrataenite (FeNi). The ore with -100+150 mesh particle and heated at 1,000 °C provided the optimum enrichment of 1.74% Ni and 42.87% Fe, respectively.
Circular Economy Approach on Decarbonization by Repurposing Used Cooking Oil for Nickel Smelter – A Case Study of PT Megah Surya Pertiwi, Obi Island, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Gultom TH , Hasiholan C , Iqbal M , Mulyati D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research was instigated by the world’s endeavours to fight dependency on fossil energy sources. While coal prevails as a beneficial energy source, countries worldwide have strived to reduce coal usage in the future under the Net Zero Emission Pledge. Questions linger on how to minimize coal usage, play down its impact on the environment, and maintain economic advantages. This quantitative study focused on the repurposing of used cooking oil for alternative energy sources at PT Megah Surya Pertiwi (PT MSP), the first downstream company of Harita Nickel that processes nickel saprolite ore to Ferronickel using the Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (RKEF) technology in Obi Island, North Maluku, Indonesia. As the company’s employment grows, wastes, including used cooking oil (UCO), accumulate. The result showed that repurposing UCO in PT MSP has lowered the consumption of coal by 2,206 tons (7.53%), diverted 2,980 tCO2e indirect GHG emission (Scope 1), and saved the total cost up to IDR 1,408,231,332.
Long-term evaluation of FABA utilization to prevent AMD generation – a review of barrel kinetic test
Authors: Pirdiansy Q , Hartanto W P , Deni M C N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The utilization of fly ash and/or bottom ash (FABA) to prevent the generation of acid mine drainage is present in several mining companies to maximize geochemical and geotechnical potentials of FABA. Geochemically, FABA has the potential as a neutralizing material due to its high acid-neutralizing capacity, therefore it can be used as a sealing material for the potentially acid-forming (PAF) overburden in coal mining activities, which has the potential to produce acid drainage. This study aims to ensure that the potential leachate runoff at PAF disposals through neutralizing and sealing is not in acidic condition. A series of kinetic geochemical tests were carried out using a 200-liter volume column, applying various compositions of non-acid forming (NAF) rocks, a mixture of FABA, and PAF to ensure the method reliability. Leachate leaking out of the column was subjected to pH and EC analysis. The test results for a period of 3 years (Jan 2021 – June 2024) showed that the NAF-PAF-FABA sealing system produced a neutral pH compared to the FABA-PAF and NAF-FABA-PAF-NAF sealing. The position of FABA under the PAF layer triggered the carbonate released by acidic water, enabling neutralization. The 9:1 ratio of FA to BA in NAF-PAF-FABA sealing system showed better results than 4:1 ratio, indicative of greater neutralizing capacity of FA than BA. Compositions with smaller amounts of PAF produced better results due to less potential acidity that must be neutralized.
Characterization of ion-adsorption clay rare earth elements (REEs) in weathered granite rock in North-Western area of Pahang state, Malaysia
Authors: Ubaidillah A S , Ismail H , Endut Z , Aminuddin M I K A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study characterised the weathered granite profiles in a selected area in northwestern Pahang State and determined the content of ion-adsorption clay rare earth elements (REEs). The geochemical study analyzed the REE elements and major elements in the samples, while the XRD analysis identified the clay mineral known to adsorb REEs. Quantification of REE concentration by ICP-MS analysis revealed significant differences between samples, with sample C1 from upper horizon C and sample B2 from lower horizon B (ΣREE+Y: 915.98 and 454.52 ppm respectively) from moderately weathered granite. Lower REE content was observed in sample C2 (lower horizon C and sample B1 (upper horizon B). Kaolinite and halloysite in XRD analysis, provide a higher ionic adsorption of REEs. These results emphasize the potential of REEs deposit in this area and call for a follow-up study to explore the ion-adsorption clay REEs in the whole weathered granitic profiles of Pahang State.
Nickel mine planning application to support smelter demand fulfilment: a case study of gag nickel mine
Authors: Wibowo G S , Sari D V , Milwadi A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gag Nickel is a mining project in West Papua developed by Antam, with a total resource of approximately 300 million wet metric tons. In the central block, mining activities are carried out to meet the demand target for the nickel smelter. There are two types of specifications, saprolite and limonite ores, each with specific grade requirement based on sales purchase contract. The aim of this study was to fulfill the long-term target from 2024 to 2028 through integrated mine planning to generate production scheduling plan based on agreed contract of around 6 million wet metric tons ore per year. The quantitative method was implemented to gather primary data, including the 6-meter-high bench and material classification based on specific quality of elements-compounds, and to use the secondary data such as reserve block model to create a reverse model. The challenges of this study included different ore specifications of each location of the hill, and constraints on limited stockyard location to support differentiation between two types of products. Based on the simulations performed, production and sales targets could be achieved according to predetermined product specifications, amounting to 6 million wet metric tons of saprolite and limonite with fluctuating processes during the period. From the scheduling results, the smelter supply composition ratio between saprolite and limonite was between 1.37 and 1.85. After the implementation above, Gag Nickel can conserve resources by optimizing reserves of both limonite and saprolite for optimum utilization.
Application of multiple linear regression (MLR) on copper ore separation based on grade and density
Authors: Aslam I N , Putri N A , Maulana A A , Muslim A , Ayuni R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Productivity in the mining industry has decreased significantly, partly due to declining level of minerals processed. On a global scale, the commonly researched theme in mineral processing is the comminution process which requires high energy in the production of metallic minerals. The coarse gangue separation method with two strategies, sensor-based separation and gravity separation, is the efficient solution for this issue. However, sensor-based sorting has disadvantages in terms of cost, so gravity separation is considered a more effective separation method. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the gravity separation method using secondary data subjected to Multiple Linear Regression with several processing methods that included Constitution Heterogeneity (CH), R2 Optimization, Single Linear Model, and Multivariate Linear Regression Model based on particle grade and density data. The results showed that in relation to particle size, CH values was inclined to be very small due to the homogeneity of the materials when comminution ensued. In addition, the analysis shows that the Multivariate Linear Regression Model is unable to predict results based on experiments or real results, so this has an impact on the low effectiveness of separations carried out in the field.
Etiology, persistence, and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in a meat-producing sheep flock
Authors: Peckler Gretchen L , Fuenzalida Maria Jose , Aulik Nicole , Adcock Sarah J J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Subclinical mastitis, the asymptomatic inflammation of the udder often caused by bacterial infection, is an important economic and welfare concern in meat-producing flocks. We conducted a longitudinal observational study to: (1) characterize the etiology, prevalence, incidence, and persistence of intramammary infections during the first 8 wk of lactation, and (2) investigate the potential risk factors of lactation stage, parity, and the number of lambs reared. Duplicate milk samples (n = 592) were collected aseptically from each udder half of 37 clinically healthy ewes (9 Hampshire, 22 Polypay, and 6 Targhee) weekly for their first 8 wk of lactation. A sample was considered a true infection if at least 100 CFU/mL of a bacterial species were isolated. Out of a total of 560 non-contaminated duplicate udder half samples, 186 (33.2%) were infected. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the first week of lactation was 26.0% at the udder half level and increased over lactation to 47.1% by 8 wk. Over the course of lactation, 34 of the 37 (91.9%) ewes had an intramammary infection in at least one udder half. The most common bacteria isolated were non-aureus Staphylococci (72.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.5%), and Mannheimia haemolytica (5.9%). The weekly incidence rate of new infections was 18.0% ± 10.2% (mean ± SD). Infections lasted 2.1 ± 2.1 wk, with 9.0% present the full 8 wk of observation. Spontaneous cures occurred in 36.0% of infection bouts but varied from 0% to 100% depending on the pathogen. The probability of subclinical mastitis infection increased as lactation progressed for ewes rearing single or multiple lambs and for ewes in their first or second parity, but not for ewes in later parities. In conclusion, intramammary infections in this flock were prevalent across lactation, parities, and litter sizes, and varied in their duration and spontaneous cure rate. Improved knowledge of the etiological agents and risk factors involved in subclinical mastitis is important in developing effective control measures in meat-producing flocks.
Predicting gene expression from histone marks using chromatin deep learning models depends on histone mark function, regulatory distance and cellular states
Authors: Murphy Alan E , Askarova Aydan , Lenhard Boris , Skene Nathan G , Marzi Sarah J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To understand the complex relationship between histone mark activity and gene expression, recent advances have used in silico predictions based on large-scale machine learning models. However, these approaches have omitted key contributing factors like cell state, histone mark function or distal effects, which impact the relationship, limiting their findings. Moreover, downstream use of these models for new biological insight is lacking. Here, we present the most comprehensive study of this relationship to date – investigating seven histone marks in eleven cell types across a diverse range of cell states. We used convolutional and attention-based models to predict transcription from histone mark activity at promoters and distal regulatory elements. Our work shows that histone mark function, genomic distance and cellular states collectively influence a histone mark’s relationship with transcription. We found that no individual histone mark is consistently the strongest predictor of gene expression across all genomic and cellular contexts. This highlights the need to consider all three factors when determining the effect of histone mark activity on transcriptional state. Furthermore, we conducted in silico histone mark perturbation assays, uncovering functional and disease related loci and highlighting frameworks for the use of chromatin deep learning models to uncover new biological insight.
Recognition and management of treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Ma Cyrus , Strelow Brittany 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric condition that causes considerable morbidity and disability. MDD is characterized by recurrent depressive episodes that can result in loss of productivity, job insecurity, social isolation, and suicidality. Primary care providers frequently provide the initial management of MDD; however, some patients do not respond to first- or second-line treatments, a condition called treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Understanding how to accurately diagnose and manage TRD is important for clinicians.
Heterogeneity in Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives by Age in Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Schepis Ty S. , Ford Jason A. , Veliz Philip T. , West Brady T. , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Adolescent (12–17 years) and young adult (18–25 years) prescription opioid misuse (POM) is linked to poor health outcomes. We investigated how POM motives vary across these ages and the potential links between motives and other substance use, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics to help guide screening and prevention.

Methods
Pooled 2015–2019 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used, with 137,858 participants. Cross-tabulations estimated prevalence of individual motives and motive category by age. Mutually exclusive motive categories were no past-year POM, pain relief only, pain/sleep/relax (ie, some combination of only these motives), and any non–self-treatment motives (eg, get high, experiment). Logistic regression models evaluated links between motive category and sociodemographic, mental health, and substance use (eg, alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, other prescription misuse) outcomes by age group, versus reference groups of no past-year POM or pain relief only.

Results
Pain relief was the most common POM motive (estimated at >50% at all ages), but POM for non–self-treatment motives was the most common category after 14 years. POM for non–self-treatment motives had the highest adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of all substance use and mental health characteristics (eg, past-year substance use disorder aORs of 6.11 in adolescents [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.23–8.85] and 4.81 [95% CI, 4.01–5.77] in young adults, versus the pain relief only reference).

Conclusions
POM for any non–self-treatment motives is linked to the highest prevalence of other substance use and mental health concerns, whereas POM for pain relief also signals a need for substance use and mental health screening.
Community-level Socioeconomic Status is a Poor Predictor of Outcomes Following Lumbar and Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Issa Tariq Z. , Lee Yunsoo , McCurdy Michael A. , Siegel Nicholas , Toci Gregory R. , Sherman Matthew , Baker Sydney , Becsey Alexander , Christianson Alexander , Nanavati Ruchir , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: December 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective Cohort study.

Objective:
Our objective was to compare 3 socioeconomic status (SES) indexes and evaluate associations with outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or lumbar fusion.

Background Data:
Socioeconomic disparities affect patients’ baseline health and clinical outcomes following spine surgery. It is still unclear whether community-level indexes are accurate surrogates for patients’ socioeconomic status (SES) and whether they are predictive of postoperative outcomes.

Methods:
Adult patients undergoing ACDF (N=1189) or lumbar fusion (N=1136) from 2014 to 2020 at an urban tertiary medical center were retrospectively identified. Patient characteristics, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and surgical outcomes (90-day readmissions, complications, and nonhome discharge) were collected from the electronic medical record. SES was extracted from 3 indexes (Area Deprivation Index, Social Vulnerability Index, and Distressed Communities Index). Patients were classified into SES quartiles for bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. We utilized Youden’s index to construct receiver operating characteristic curves for all surgical outcomes using indexes as continuous variables.

Results:
Preoperatively, lumbar fusion patients in the poorest ADI community exhibited the greatest ODI (P=0.001) and in the poorest DCI and SVI communities exhibited worse VAS back (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Preoperatively, ACDF patients in the lowest DCI community had significantly worse MCS-12, VAS neck, and NDI, and in the poorest ADI community had worse MCS-12 and NDI. There were no differences in the magnitude of improvement for any PROM. All indexes performed poorly at predicting surgical outcomes (AUC: 0.467-0.636, all P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Community-wide SES indexes are not accurate proxies for individual SES. While patients from poorer communities present with worse symptoms, community-level SES is not associated with overall outcomes following spine fusion. Patient-specific factors should be employed when attempting to stratify patients based on SES given the inherent limitations present with these indexes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Association of leukocyte telomere length with the risk of digestive diseases: A large-scale cohort study
Authors: Yang Hongqun , Chen Lanlan , Liu Yahui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening, a biomarker of telomere attrition, has been linked to multiple diseases. However, the relationship between LTL and digestive diseases remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risk of digestive diseases.

Methods:
A cohort analysis of over 500,000 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) between 2006 and 2021 was conducted to estimate the associations of LTL with more than 90 common digestive diseases. LTL was quantified using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and cases of each disease were determined according to inpatient and primary care data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of LTL with the risk of digestive diseases. Furthermore, such associations were also evaluated after stratification by sex and ethnicity.

Results:
After a mean follow-up time of 11.8 years, over 20 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were showed to be associated with telomere attrition. LTL shortening is associated with an increased risk of several digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (K21: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.19–1.42), esophageal ulcer (K221: HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.22–2.71), Barrett’s esophagus (K227: HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.14–2.17), gastritis (K29: HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.26–1.52), duodenal ulcer (K26: HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.14–2.12), functional dyspepsia (K30X: HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.69), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (K760: HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.78), liver cirrhosis (K74: HR = 4.73, 95% CI: 3.27–6.85), cholangitis (K830: HR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.30–5.00), and hernia (K43: HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17–1.94; K44: HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17–1.42). The risk of rectal polyps (K621: HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92) decreased per unit shortening of LTL.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that LTL shortening is associated with an increased risk of most digestive diseases except for rectal polyps. These findings may provide some clues for understanding the pathogenesis of digestive diseases.
High Risk of HPV Related Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Vulvar Lesions in Women Living With HIV
Authors: Agarossi Alberto , Savasi Valeria , Frangipane Chiara , Parisi Francesca , Agarossi Andrea , Dominoni Mattia , Gardella Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Objective
We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related preneoplastic and neoplastic vulvar lesions in a large cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH).

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively selected 1,796 WLWH who had a gynecological examination, cervical cytology, high-risk (HR-) HPV test, vulvoscopy, and colposcopy with targeted biopsies when necessary between 1987 and 2020 at 2 Italian institutions. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to test the association of the anamnestic and clinical data with the development of precancerous and cancerous lesions.

Results
At baseline, 348 (19.4%) of 1,796 WLWH had genital warts, 30 (1.7%) had vulvar high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (VHSIL), and 2 (0.1%) had squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Among 895 WLWH who had more than 1 year of follow-up, we found 40 (4.5%) new cases of VHSIL and 7 (0.8%) cases of vulvar cancer. The cumulative incidence of VHSIL and vulvar cancer was respectively 0.56 and 0.10 per 100 person-years. Risk factors independently associated with the development of vulvar HSIL and cancer included history of injection drug use (p < .01), genital warts at baseline (p < .001), HR-HPV test positivity at diagnosis (p < .001), and severe immunodepression (CD4 cell count <200 cells/mL) at diagnosis (p < .01).

Conclusions
WLWH are at high risk of vulvar high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer, especially those with severe immunodepression. A careful inspection of vulva, perineum and anus, possibly with the aid of colposcopy, should become part of the surveillance protocol of HIV-infected women.