bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the eHealth literacy skills of family caregivers of medically ill elderly
Authors: Soleimaninejad Ali , Valizadeh-Haghi Saeideh , Rahmatizadeh Shahabedin 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of current research is to assess the eHealth literacy level in the family caregivers of the elderly with hypertension and type-II diabetes. Methods: A total of 160 caregivers completed the eHEALS questionnaire. The effect of participants' gender, education, and age on eHealth literacy was evaluated. For evaluation of the correlation between the accession of health information importance and the internet usefulness for decision-making, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was applied.Results: The participants eHealth literacy mean score was 26.163(SD=8.83). The age of participants had a meaningful impact on the level of eHealth literacy (t=6.074; P<0.001). Furthermore, among variant education levels in terms of eHealth literacy score significant differences existed (F=5.222; P=0.001).Discussion: Family caregivers have a poor level of eHealth literacy. eHealth information is more important for family caregivers with a higher eHealth literacy, which may be due to their higher skills in obtaining health and medical information from the internet. Caregivers' age should be considered once recommending them for the internet using to obtain health information, as the age was an affecting factor. Conclusion: Health centers and authorities in charge of the elderly health are recommended to train caregivers with proper skills to use online health information, such that the elderly enjoy the benefits, including improved care conditions and savings in terms of treatment costs and time.
The design and evaluation of a Bayesian system for detecting and characterizing outbreaks of influenza
Authors: Millett Nicholas E. , Aronis John M. , Wagner Michael M. , Tsui Fuchiang , Ye Ye , Ferraro Jeffrey P. , Haug Peter J. , Gesteland Per , Cooper Gregory F. 
Published: September 2019

The prediction and characterization of outbreaks of infectious diseases such as influenza remains an open and important problem. This paper describes a framework for detecting and characterizing outbreaks of influenza and the results of testing it on data from ten outbreaks collected from two locations over five years. We model outbreaks with compartment models and expliccitly model non-influenza influenza-like illnesses.
Caught in Time: Performance and Spectatorship inOur Mutual Friend
Authors: Easley Keith 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe audience for the performances by Dickens's characters in Our Mutual Friend is usually taken to be the reader. This article argues that this relationship is inscribed in the novel by the character-audience relationship within the fiction, which draws us into reconsidering the nature of spectatorship in our reading and in our lives. Those who enable the rule of money would appropriate the power of the audience for themselves and make others helpless spectators of their own lives. Society seems caught in an eternal present that deprives characters of choice and change. Dickens unlocks time through his use of wonder, which encompasses both realism and fantasy, and which shapes the two central romance narratives. In each of them, a triangular relationship between the lovers and a character acting as a catalyst (one benign, the other malign) affords a new temporal perspective that makes change possible, along with a new sense of individual and social identity. For the reader, the two perspectives are incompatible, and since each involves and questions our own spectatorship in the very act of reading, we are driven to choose for ourselves. We must make a decision about time and performance that will have real consequences in our lives.
Fouling in Heat Exchangers
Authors: García Sergio , Trueba Alfredo 
Published: September 2019

A major problem in industries that use heat exchanger equipment cooled with water in their industrial processes is biofouling. In the design and operation of heat exchangers cooled with water, a coefficient of biological must be considered, which affects the efficiency of the equipment. For this reason, it is necessary to apply appropriate antifouling treatments to the design of each heat exchanger. In order to minimize the undesirable phenomenon of biofouling, various mitigation methods have been developed over the last 30 years, both online and offline, of a physical, chemical, or biological nature. Most of these methods are well contrasted and are applied in the regular operation of the facilities, although some methodology approaches are in the research and development phase. However, the application of most of these methods requires interrupting the production, periodically, in order to clean the biofouling, seriously damaging the performance and operation of the installation. The “online” methods to biofouling control are chemical (oxidizing, and non-oxidants), biological and physical treatments. Nowadays, other methodologies of biofouling mitigation that do not affect the environment are being investigated, although, until now, none have been found that are substitutes for chemical agents and that have the same or with higher efficiency.
Vivre seul
Authors: Doucet Marie-Chantal 
Published: September 2019

Ce texte, présenté comme un itinéraire de recherche, porte sur le phénomène de la vie seule dans les grandes villes moderne. Le nombre croissant de personnes vivant seules amène à penser que de nouvelles dynamiques sont à l’oeuvre. Vivre seul semble tributaire d’un « état d’esprit » contemporain dont la ville est tout particulièrement le théâtre. Des traits communs de ces expériences diversifiées du vivre seul sont examinés sous la loupe d’une sociologie de l’individuation. Or, l’équivoque que représente ce phénomène dans les sociétés contemporaines peut être associé à trois tensions principales que nous allons exposer : une tension entre intériorité et extériorité ; entre proximité et distance ; entre différenciation et identification.
Comparison of injury pattern and clinical outcomes between young adults and elderly patients with alcohol-related injury in South Korea 2011–2016
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Lee Duk Hee 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlcohol is an important factor that contributes to emergency department (ED) visits due to injury. However, the role of alcohol in elderly patients visiting ED due to injury has not been clearly defined. This study aims to examine age and alcohol as risk factors of injury severity and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study included patients who visited EDs between January 2011 and December 2016. Data was obtained from the Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea. Injury patients aged ≥18 years were included, but those who visited the ED more than 48 hours after injury, with unknown clinical outcomes (admission, mortality, and excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score [EMR-ISS]) were excluded.ResultsWe analyzed 887,712 patients, of whom 131,708 (17.7%) non-elderly and 9,906 (7.0%) elderly had alcohol-related injury. Falls and slips are the most common injury mechanism (37.9%) in patients consuming alcohol (36.3% non-elderly/58.40% elderly). The injury occurred on roads (40.6%), houses (33.8%), and commercial facilities (11.9%) in elderly patients consuming alcohol. Suicide rate was 12.0% in elderly and 9.7% in non-elderly patients. According to the time of day of injury, evening (60.8%) was the most common in elderly and night (62.6%) in non-elderly patients. Admission rate (odds ratio [OR] 2.512 confidence interval [CI] 2.407–2.621), intensive care unit (ICU) care rate (OR 5.507 [CI] 5.178–5.858), mortality rate (OR 4.593 [CI] 4.086–5.162), and EMR-ISS >25 (OR 5.498 [CI] 5.262–5.745) were compared between patients with alcohol-related injury and non-elderly with non-alcohol-related injury patients. Alcohol consumption in elderly patients results in significant impairment and increases EMR-ISS, ICU care rate, and mortality rate. To reduce injury in elderly patients, alcohol screening, appropriate counseling, and intervention are needed.
The host range of Aphis gossypii is dependent on aphid genetic background and feeding experience
Authors: Ma Lin , Li Meng-Yue , Chang Chun-Yan , Chen Fang-Fang , Hu Yang , Liu Xiang-Dong 
Published: September 2019

Background
A polyphagous insect herbivore has a wide range of host plants. However, it has been found that many polyphagous herbivores commonly exhibit a strong preference for a subset of species in their broad host range, and various host biotypes exist in herbivore populations. Nutrition and secondary metabolites in plants affect herbivore preference and performance, but it is still not clear which factors determine the host range and host preference of polyphagous herbivores.

Method
Cotton-melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, collected from cotton and cucumber crops, were used in this study. The genetic backgrounds of these aphids were detected using microsatellite PCR and six genotypes were evaluated. Performance of these six aphid genotypes on excised leaves and plants of cotton and cucumber seedlings were examined through a reciprocal transplant experiment. In order to detect whether the feeding experience on artificial diet would alter aphid host range, the six genotypes of aphids fed on artificial diet for seven days were transferred onto cotton and cucumber leaves, and then their population growth on these two host plants was surveyed.

Results
Aphids from cotton and cucumber plants could not colonize the excised leaves and intact plants of cucumber and cotton seedlings, respectively. All six genotypes of aphids collected from cotton and cucumber plants could survive and produce offspring on artificial diet, which lacked plant secondary metabolites. The feeding experience on the artificial diet did not alter the ability of all six genotypes to use their native host plants. However, after feeding on this artificial diet for seven days, two aphid genotypes from cotton and one from cucumber acquired the ability to use both of the excised leaves from cucumber and cotton plants. The two aphid genotypes from cotton conditioned by the feeding experience on artificial diet and then reared on excised cucumber leaves for >12 generations still maintained the ability to use intact cotton plants but did not establish a population on cucumber plants. However, one cucumber genotype conditioned by artificial diet and then reared on excised cotton leaves could use both the intact cotton and cucumber plants, showing that the expansion of host range was mediated by feeding experience.

Conclusion
Feeding experience on artificial diet induced the expansion of host range of the cucurbit-specialized A. gossypii, and this expansion was genotype-specific. We speculated that feeding on a constant set of host plants in the life cycle of aphids may contribute to the formation of host specialization.
A dança como expressão política de resistência e existência de uma cultura juvenil
Authors: Rocha Lima Isabelle Melo , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro da , Constâncio Robson Emanuel Lima 
Published: September 2019

<span>O objetivo geral deste estudo foi conhecer como os jovens vivenciam as identidades de grupo e seus símbolos de pertencimento a partir de um grupo de dança pop em Sobral-Ce. É um estudo de campo de caráter etnográfico, com abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada a partir da descrição densa do cotidiano através de diários de campo. O cenário para a sua realização foi a Estação da Juventude do Bairro Recanto, por ser este um espaço de sociabilidade dos próprios jovens. O grupo Cia Marshall tensiona os modos hegemônicos de dançar a partir do compartilhamento de uma cultura que estabelece elos de sentido e resistência diante da negação de suas identidades sexuais advindas de espaços de não reconhecimento, compondo assim um processo artístico que os possibilita uma efetiva participação na vida social e política. </span>
Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture
Authors: Daniel Michael G. , Sachs David , Bernitz Jeffrey M. , Fstkchyan Yesai , Rapp Katrina , Satija Namita , Law Kenneth , Patel Foram , Gomes Andreia M. , Kim Huen‐Suk , Pereira Carlos‐Filipe , Chen Benjamin , Lemischka Ihor R. , Moore Kateri A. 
Published: September 2019

Transcription factor (TF)‐based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial‐like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)‐like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC‐like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell‐based therapeutics.DatabaseGene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
Validation of a self‐completed Dystonia Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire
Authors: Klingelhoefer Lisa , Chaudhuri Kallol R. , Kamm Christoph , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Bhatia Kailash , Sauerbier Anna , Kaiser Maximilian , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Balint Bettina , Untucht Robert , Hall Lynsey J. , Mildenstein Lauritz , Wienecke Miriam , Martino Davide , Gregor Olaf , Storch Alexander , Reichmann Heinz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel 14‐item self‐completed questionnaire (in English and German) enquiring about the presence of non‐motor symptoms (NMS) during the past month in patients with craniocervical dystonia in an international multicenter study.MethodsThe Dystonia Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest) covers seven domains including sleep, autonomic symptoms, fatigue, emotional well‐being, stigma, activities of daily living, sensory symptoms. The feasibility and clinimetric attributes were analyzed.ResultsData from 194 patients with CD (65.6% female, mean age 58.96 ± 12.17 years, duration of disease 11.95 ± 9.40 years) and 102 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (66.7% female, mean age 55.67 ± 17.62 years) were collected from centres in Germany and the UK. The median total NMS score in CD patients was 5 (interquartile range 3–7), significantly higher than in healthy controls with 1 (interquartile range 0.75–2.25) (P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U‐test). Evidence for intercorrelation and convergent validity is shown by moderate to high correlations of total DNMSQuest score with motor symptom severity (TWSTRS: rs = 0.61), clinical global impression (rs = 0.40), and health‐related quality of life measures: CDQ‐24 (rs = 0.74), EQ‐5D index (rs = −0.59), and scale (rs = −0.49) (all P < 0.001). Data quality and acceptability was very satisfactory.InterpretationThe DNMSQuest, a patient self‐completed questionnaire for NMS assessment in CD patients, appears robust, reproducible, and valid in clinical practice showing a tangible impact of NMS on quality of life in CD. As there is no specific, comprehensive, validated tool to assess the burden of NMS in dystonia, the DNMSQuest can bridge this gap and could easily be integrated into clinical practice.
Clinical outcome measures following plasma exchange for MG exacerbation
Authors: Raja Shruti M. , Howard James F. , Juel Vern C. , Massey Janice M. , Chopra Manisha , Guptill Jeffrey T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur objective is to report longitudinal results of the MG‐ADL, MG‐Composite, MG‐MMT, and MG‐QoL15 in an open‐label trial of therapeutic plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis. Ten MG patients experiencing exacerbation had assessments prior to, immediately following, and at selected time points post‐TPE. Changes from baseline to 2 weeks post‐TPE were: MG‐ADL median −5.0, P < 0.0033, MG‐QoL15 median −13.0, P < 0.001, MG‐MMT median −10.0, P < 0.0001, and MG‐Composite median −10.0, P < 0.005. TPE produced a rapid, clinically significant change in all instruments, indicating these outcome measures are robust endpoints for clinical trials of rapidly efficacious MG therapies.
Hyperbolic Phonon Polariton Electroluminescence as an Electronic Cooling Pathway
Authors: Baudin Emmanuel , Voisin Christophe , Plaçais Bernard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEngineering of the cooling mechanism is of primary importance for the development of nanoelectronics. While radiation cooling is rather inefficient in current electronic devices, the strong anisotropy of 2D materials allows for enhanced efficiency because their hyperbolic electromagnetic dispersion near phonon resonances allows them to sustain much larger (≈105) number of radiating channels. In this review, radiation cooling in 2D materials is addressed. The hyperbolic dispersion of electromagnetic waves is presented, and how the spontaneous fluctuations in current in a 2D electronic channel can radiate thermal energy in its hyperbolic surrounding medium is described. Both the regime of thermal current fluctuations and out‐of‐equilibrium current fluctuations can be described within the same framework leading to superPlanckian thermal emission and electroluminescent cooling. A recent experimental investigation on graphene‐on‐hBN transistors using electronic noise thermometry is discussed. In high mobility semimetal‐like graphene at large bias, a steady‐state out‐of‐equilibrium situation is caused by Zener tunneling of electrons, opening a route for electroluminescence of hyperbolic electromagnetic modes. Electroluminescent cooling is particularly prominent once the Zener tunneling regime is reached: observed cooling powers are nine orders of magnitude larger than in conventional LEDs.
Fabrication of Complex Hydrogel Structures Using Suspended Layer Additive Manufacturing (SLAM)
Authors: Senior Jessica J. , Cooke Megan E. , Grover Liam M. , Smith Alan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere have been a number of recently reported approaches for the manufacture of complex 3D printed cell‐containing hydrogels. Given the fragility of the parts during manufacturing, the most successful approaches use a supportive particulate gel bed and have enabled the production of complex gel structures previously unattainable using other 3D printing methods. The supporting gel bed provides protection to the fragile printed part during the printing process, preventing the structure from collapsing under its own weight prior to crosslinking. Despite the apparent similarity of the particulate beds, the way the particles are manufactured strongly influences how they interact with one another and the part during fabrication, with implications to the quality of the final product. Recently, the process of suspended layer additive manufacture (SLAM) is demonstrated to create a structure that recapitulated the osteochondral region by printing into an agarose particulate gel. The manufacturing process for this gel (the application of shear during gelation) produced a self‐healing gel with rapid recovery of its elastic properties following disruption. Here, the physical characteristics of the supporting fluid‐gel matrix used in SLAM are explored, and compared to other particulate gel supporting beds, highlighting its potential for producing complex hydrogel‐based parts.
Injectable Supramolecular Ureidopyrimidinone Hydrogels Provide Sustained Release of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics
Authors: Mol Emma A. , Lei Zhiyong , Roefs Marieke T. , Bakker Maarten H. , Goumans Marie‐José , Doevendans Pieter A. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Vader Pieter , Sluijter Joost P. G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles secreted by cells and have gained increasing interest as both drug delivery vehicles or as cell‐free therapeutics for regenerative medicine. To achieve optimal therapeutic effects, strategies are being developed to prolong EV exposure to target organs. One promising approach to achieve this is through EV‐loaded injectable hydrogels. In this study, the use of a hydrogel based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) units coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) chains (UPy‐hydrogel) is examined as potential delivery platform for EVs. The UPy‐hydrogel undergoes a solution‐to‐gel transition upon switching from a high to neutral pH, allowing immediate gelation upon administration into physiological systems. Here, sustained EV release from the UPy‐hydrogel measured over a period of 4 d is shown. Importantly, EVs retain their functional capacity after release. Upon local administration of fluorescently labeled EVs incorporated in a UPy‐hydrogel in vivo, EVs are still detected in the UPy‐hydrogel after 3 d, whereas in the absence of a hydrogel, EVs are internalized by fat and skin tissue near the injection site. Together, these data demonstrate that UPy‐hydrogels provide sustained EV release over time and enhance local EV retention in vivo, which could contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy upon local delivery and translation toward new applications.
Progress on Modulating Tumor‐Associated Macrophages with Biomaterials
Authors: Sylvestre Meilyn , Crane Courtney A. , Pun Suzie H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are a complex and heterogeneous population of cells within the tumor microenvironment. In many tumor types, TAMs contribute toward tumor malignancy and are therefore a therapeutic target of interest. Here, three major strategies for regulating TAMs are highlighted, emphasizing the role of biomaterials in these approaches. First, systemic methods for targeting tumor‐associated macrophage are summarized and limitations to both passive and active targeting approaches considered. Second, lessons learned from the significant literature on wound healing and macrophage response to implanted biomaterials are discussed with the vision of applying these principles to localized, biomaterial‐based modulation of tumor‐associated macrophage. Finally, the developing field of engineered macrophages, including genetic engineering and integration with biomaterials or drug delivery systems, is examined. Analysis of major challenges in the field along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage‐based therapies in oncology are included.
Amyloid‐Like Rapid Surface Modification for Antifouling and In‐Depth Remineralization of Dentine Tubules to Treat Dental Hypersensitivity
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Danyang , Deng Jingjing , Zhang Xu , Yang Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) leads to the transmission of external stimuli within the DTs, causing dental hypersensitivity (DH). To treat DH, various desensitizers have been developed for occluding DTs. However, most desensitizers commercially available or in development are only able to seal the orifices, rather than the deep regions of the DTs, thus lacking long‐term stability. Herein, it is shown that the fast amyloid‐like aggregation of lysozyme (lyso) conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (lyso‐PEG) can afford a robust ultrathin nanofilm on the deep walls of DTs through a rapid one‐step aqueous coating process (in 2 min). The resultant nanofilm provides a highly effective antifouling platform for resisting the attachment of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and induces remineralization in the DTs to seal both the orifices and depths of the DTs by forming hydroxyapatite (HAp) minerals in situ. Both in vitro and in vivo animal experiments prove that the nanofilm‐coated DTs are occluded with a depth of over 60 ± 5 m, which is at least 6 times deeper than that reported in the literature. This approach thus demonstrates the concept that an amyloid‐like proteinaceous nanofilm can offer an inexpensive, rapid, and efficient therapy for treating DH with long‐term effect.