bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ters Yüz Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarılarına Etkisi: Mikroişlemci/Mikrodenetleyiciler II Dersinin Uygulaması
Authors: DEVECİ TOPAL Arzu , AKHİSAR Ümmühan 
Published: January 2019

Internet teknolojisinin hayatımıza girmesiyle birlikte yeni öğrenme ve
öğretme yaklaşımları ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu yaklaşımlardan biri olan
ters yüz öğrenme modelinde öğretmen önceden belirlediği materyalleri
öğrencileri ile ders öncesinde paylaşmakta ve ilgili konu öğretimi bu kaynaklar
vasıtasıyla sınıf dışında eş zamanlı olmayan biçimde gerçekleştirilmekte; sınıf
içinde ise etkileşimli, aktif ve işbirlikli problem çözme etkinlikleri ve konu
pekiştirme çalışmaları uygulanmaktadır. Bu araştırmada amaç,
“Mikroişlemciler/Mikrodenetleyiciler II” dersinin öğrenme süreçlerinde uygulama
etkinliklerinin artırılarak daha etkili ve kalıcı öğrenmenin gerçekleşmesinde
ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modelinin öğrenci başarısına etkisini ve öğrencilerin
bu yaklaşım hakkındaki düşüncelerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada
nicel ve nitel veri toplama yöntemleri ile gerçek deneme modellerinden biri
olan son test kontrol gruplu model kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın örneklemini Kocaeli
Üniversitesi Hereke Meslek Yüksekokulu Elektronik Teknolojisi Programında
2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören ve derse devam eden 67 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Derse devam eden 34 öğrenci deney grubuna, 33 öğrenci kontrol grubuna rastgele
atanmıştır. Bu amaçla tersyüz öğrenme modeline yönelik Moodle öğrenme yönetim
sistemine uyumlu SCORM paketler hazırlanmış ve kısa sınavlar oluşturulmuştur.
Öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını ölçmek için başarı testi geliştirilmiş ve
nitel veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla
odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ters yüz öğrenme
ortamının öğrencilerin akademik başarısına anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan öğrenciler ters yüz öğrenme ortamı hakkında olumlu
görüş belirtmiş ve bu tür bir ortamın öğrenmelerine katkı sağlayacağını ifade
etmişlerdir
Computational characterization of enzyme-bound thiamin diphosphate reveals a surprisingly stable tricyclic state: implications for catalysis
Authors: Planas Ferran , McLeish Michael J , Himo Fahmi 
Published: January 2019

Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes constitute a large class of enzymes that catalyze a diverse range of reactions. Many are involved in stereospecific carbon–carbon bond formation and, consequently, have found increasing interest and utility as chiral catalysts in various biocatalytic applications. All ThDP-catalyzed reactions require the reaction of the ThDP ylide (the activated state of the cofactor) with the substrate. Given that the cofactor can adopt up to seven states on an enzyme, identifying the factors affecting the stability of the pre-reactant states is important for the overall understanding of the kinetics and mechanism of the individual reactions.In this paper we use density functional theory calculations to systematically study the different cofactor states in terms of energies and geometries. Benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFDC), which is a well characterized chiral catalyst, serves as the prototypical ThDP-dependent enzyme. A model of the active site was constructed on the basis of available crystal structures, and the cofactor states were characterized in the presence of three different ligands (crystallographic water, benzoylformate as substrate, and (R)-mandelate as inhibitor). Overall, the calculations reveal that the relative stabilities of the cofactor states are greatly affected by the presence and identity of the bound ligands. A surprising finding is that benzoylformate binding, while favoring ylide formation, provided even greater stabilization to a catalytically inactive tricyclic state. Conversely, the inhibitor binding greatly destabilized the ylide formation. Together, these observations have significant implications for the reaction kinetics of the ThDP-dependent enzymes, and, potentially, for the use of unnatural substrates in such reactions.
CLEAR. I. Ages and Metallicities of Quiescent Galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.8 Derived from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Grism Data
Authors: Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Papovich Casey , Momcheva Ivelina , Brammer Gabriel , Long James , Quadri Ryan F. , Bridge Joanna , Dickinson Mark , Ferguson Henry , Finkelstein Steven , Giavalisco Mauro , Gosmeyer Catherine M. , Lotz Jennifer , Salmon Brett , Skelton Rosalind E. , Trump Jonathan R. , Weiner Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We use deep Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the metallicities and (light-weighted) ages of massive (

) galaxies selected to have quiescent stellar populations at 1.0 < z < 1.8. The data include twelve-orbit depth coverage with the WFC3/G102 grism covering ∼8000 < λ < 11,500 Å at a spectral resolution of R ∼ 210 taken as part of the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At 1.0 < z < 1.8, the spectra cover important stellar population features in the rest-frame optical. We simulate a suite of stellar population models at the grism resolution, fit these to the data for each galaxy, and derive posterior likelihood distributions for metallicity and age. We stack the posteriors for subgroups of galaxies in different redshift ranges that include different combinations of stellar absorption features. Our results give light-weighted ages of t

z∼1.1 = 3.2 ± 0.7 Gyr, t

z∼1.2 = 2.2 ± 0.6 Gyr, t

z∼1.3 = 3.1 ± 0.6 Gyr, and t

z∼1.6 = 2.0 ± 0.6 Gyr for galaxies at z ∼ 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.6, respectively. This implies that most of the massive quiescent galaxies at 1 < z < 1.8 had formed >68% of their stellar mass by z > 2. The posteriors give metallicities of Z

z∼1.1 = 1.16 ± 0.29 Z
⊙, Z

z∼1.2 = 1.05 ± 0.34 Z
⊙, Z

z∼1.3 = 1.00 ± 0.31 Z
⊙, and Z

z∼1.6 = 0.95 ± 0.39 Z
⊙. This is evidence that massive galaxies had enriched rapidly to approximately solar metallicities as early as z ∼ 3.
Indication of Another Intermediate-mass Black Hole in the Galactic Center
Authors: Takekawa Shunya , Oka Tomoharu , Iwata Yuhei , Tsujimoto Shiho , Nomura Mariko 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of molecular gas streams orbiting around an invisible massive object in the central region of our Galaxy, based on the high-resolution molecular line observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The morphology and kinematics of these streams can be reproduced well through two Keplerian orbits around a single point mass of (3.2 ± 0.6) × 104
M
⊙. We also found ionized gas toward the inner part of the orbiting gas, indicating dissociative shock and/or photoionization. Our results provide new circumstantial evidences for a wandering intermediate-mass black hole in the Galactic center, suggesting also that high-velocity compact clouds can be probes of quiescent black holes that abound in our Galaxy.
Services Provided for Preschool-Aged Children With Suspected Amblyopia
Authors: Kemper Alex R , Clark Sarah J , Freed Gary L 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Little is known about the pattern and variation of care offered to preschool-aged children who have had an abnormal vision screening test.
Purpose: To evaluate the variations in pediatric eye care services and availability of optometrists and ophthalmologists for preschool-aged patients, referral patterns, and barriers to providing care as perceived by eye care specialists.
Methods: A survey was mailed to 542 ophthalmologists and a random sample of 501 optometrists actively practicing in Michigan.
Results: The response rate was 65% (optometrists, 75%; ophthalmologists, 57%). More optometrists than ophthalmologists evaluated preschool-aged children (97% vs 79%; P < .001). Of these, most managed amblyopia (80% vs 77%; P = .372) and strabismus (89% vs 80%; P = .002) themselves. Fewer optometrists than ophthalmologists dilated eyes routinely during the first evaluation of a preschool-aged child (39% vs 93%; P < .001). The leading barrier to care for preschool-aged children reported by both optometrists and ophthalmologists was difficulty of the examination (25% vs 23%; P = .501). Optometrists reported that most of their patients were referred from communitybased screening programs or by parent self-referral. Ophthalmologists reported that most of their preschool-aged patients were referred from primary care providers.
Conclusions: There are different sources of referrals for optometrists and ophthalmologists. Although most eye care specialists treat amblyopia, the types of care offered by optometrists and ophthalmologists differ. Future studies should address the impact that these patterns have on outcomes and cost. The results of these studies should be shared with those responsible for screening.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:279-282.
Incidence of Stereopsis After Treatment of Infantile Esotropia With Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: McNeer Keith W , Tucker Mary G , Guerry Christopher H , Spencer Robert F 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The incidence of stereoscopic vision following surgery for infantile esotropia has been reported, but not from patients treated with simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A. We previously reported other findings from 41 patients treated with botulinum toxin A before the age of 12 months. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of stereopsis in these patients after long-term follow-up.
Patients and Methods: Data were acquired by recording the response to subjective stereoscopic testing during the postinjection follow-up period when reliable subjective responses could be obtained. At least 5 years had passed following injection, and the mean age of the patients was 8 years.
Results: Of the 41 patients, 11 were lost to follow-up, 10 had no stereopsis, 9 had gross stereopsis according to Titmus fly tests), 1 had 800 seconds of stereoscopic vision, 2 had 400 seconds, 2 had 200 seconds, 1 had 60 seconds, and 5 had 40 seconds.
Conclusions: In this study, two-thirds of the patients acquired stereopsis following simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A for infantile esotropia. Stereopsis acquisition following injection of botulinum toxin A had a success rate comparable with that reported for surgically corrected infantile esotropia. Bimediai injection of botulinum toxin A accompanied by alternate patching prior to injection and diligent attention at ages ranging from 4 to 12 months is a simple and efficacious method for the management of infantile esotropia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:288-292.
Cyclocryotherapy Versus Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza , Bahar Irit , Ostashinski Michal , Lusky Moshe , Weinbeiger Dov , Gaton Dan D 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients (70 eyes) treated for high, unresponsive intraocular pressure during a 4-year period with cyclocryotherapy (n = 38) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (n = 32) with a follow-up period of at least 3 months (mean follow-up = 15.7 months) were compared for intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and complication rate.
* RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 40.9 ± 11.9 to 20.5 ± 10.3 mm Hg in the cyclocryotherapy group, and from 35.9 ± 9.3 to 21.3 ± 10.7 mm Hg in the cyclophotocoagulation group. Intraocular pressure was controlled in 60.5% and 62.5% of eyes, respectively. Deterioration in visual acuity occurred in 31.5% of the cyclocryotherapy group and 37.5% of the cyclophotocoagulation group. Severe visual loss to no light perception was noted in 6 eyes and 2 eyes, respectively, and phthisis bulbi in 2 eyes in the cyclocryotherapy group (5.2%) and 1 eye in the cyclophotocoagulation group (3.1%).
* CONCLUSIONS: Cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation are equally effective in decreasing intraocular pressure in patients with persistent uncontrolled glaucoma, with a lower rate of complications associated with diode laser cyclophotocoagulation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005,36:272279.]
Effect of Intraoperative Intracameral 2% Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Viscoelastic During Trabeculectomy
Authors: Agarwal Harish C , Anuradha V K , Titiyal J S , Gupta Viney 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative intracameral injection of 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure (IOP) following trabeculectomy in eyes with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma in a prospective randomized manner.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive eyes with primary open- angle glaucoma scheduled for trabeculectomy were randomized to conventional trabeculectomy without HPMC injection (group I; ? = 15) or to intracameral injection of 2% HPMC during trabeculectomy (group ?; ? = 15). All patients were observed serially on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 and months 1, 3, and 6 postoperatively. The main outcome measure was restoration of anterior chamber depth to preoperative level with IOP of less than 21 mm Hg with no additional antiglaucoma medication or surgery.
* RESULTS: The anterior chamber depth decreased from 2.5 ± 0.53 to 1.5 ± 0.94 mm on postoperative day 1 in group I and increased slighdy from 2.4 ± 0.43 to 2.5 ± 0.36 mm on postoperative day 1 in group II (P = .04). Overall, the IOP decreased to 5.0 ±2.8 mm Hg in group I (87% reduction) and 9.0 ± 4.6 mm Hg in group II (70% reduction). Two eyes developed postoperative flat anterior chamber and related complications in group I, whereas none of the eyes in group II developed such complications.
* CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral injection of 2% HPMC during trabeculectomy helps to maintain anterior chamber depth and reduces incidence of complications related to shallow anterior chamber depth following trabeculectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:280285.1
Infectious Keratitis in the Corneal Graft: Treatment With Partial Conjunctival Flaps
Authors: Geria Roberto C , Wainsztein Ricardo D , Brunzini Mario , Brunzini Ricardo , Geria Marcos A 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The infection of the corneal graft is one of the most serious complications following keratoplasty. In many instances, it can be treated successfully with intensive topical and subconjunctival antibiotics. However, when this therapy is ineffective, a surgical approach must be considered. The usefulness of partial conjunctival flaps that spare the visual axis for managing corneal graft infections is reported.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of four cases. All patients were males between 12 and 85 years old. The four abscesses developed in the penetrating corneal graft during the first year after keratoplasty. The organisms found were Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. After failure of medical therapy, they were operated on using the partial, thick conjunctival flap technique.
* RESULTS: Resolution of the infection and maintenance of a clear graft was achieved in all patients. The follow-up ranged from 5 to 8 years.
* CONCLUSION: The partial conjunctival flap is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of abscesses in penetrating keratoplasties when medical treatment has failed.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:298302.1
Digitizing Stereoscopic Optic Nerve Head Photographs for Storage and Viewing Using a Personal Computer
Authors: Nesher Ronit , Zacharopoulos Ioannis , Assia Ehud I , Schuman Joel S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Careful examination and monitoring of optic nerve head changes is essential in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. This often results in accumulation of numerous photographs and required appropriate storage space. A simple, inexpensive, and efficient means of storing and viewing stereoscopic optic nerve head photographs is described. Images were acquired with a fundus camera, on a color slide film. Slides were then scanned and digitized. A handheld stereoscope was used for stereoscopic viewing on a computer monitor. A scanning resolution of 300 dpi appeared optimal. At this resolution, the storage utilization was 16 kilobytes and the scanning time was 160 seconds per patient.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:327330.]
Transpupillary Thermotherapy in the Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Wei Song-Yang , Yang Chung-May 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 40-year-old man had persistent central serous chorioretinopathy at the foveal region for 20 months. The pretreatment best-corrected visual acuity was 0.3. The leaking point was close to the fovea, making the use of argon laser photocoagulation treatment unsafe. Transpupillary thermal therapy with diode laser (power setting = 120 mW, spot size = 1.2 mm, and duration = 60 seconds) was performed to cover the whole detached area. The subretinal fluid decreased 1 week later. Fluorescein angiography 2 months later revealed neither further leakage nor any subretinal fluid. After 3 months of follow-up, best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.4. Transpupillary thermal therapy may be a useful alternative for the treatment of chronic, persistent central serous chorioretinopathy at the fovea.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005,36:412-415.]
Preliminary Results of Combined Simultaneous Transpupillary Thermotherapy and ICG-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Liggett Peter E , Lavaque Alejandro J , Chaudhry Nauman A , Jablon Eric P , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the combination of simultaneous hyperthermia by transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for small and medium choroidal melanomas.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with small and medium choroidal melanomas were treated with combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy.
* RESULTS : The median age of the 25 patients was 64 years (range, 35 to 88 years). The pretreatment volume of the tumors ranged from 1 5.9 to 653.5 mm3 (mean, 1 1 8.7 ± 146.6 mm3). After a mean of 2.4 treatments (range, 1 to 5 treatments), all of the tumors but one showed a significant volume reduction without clinical evidence of recurrences. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 59 months (mean, 12 ± 14 months). Complications included retinal vascular occlusions, edema and superficial scarring of the macula, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
* CONCLUSIONS: The effects of combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy appears to be effective in achieving local tumor control in selected small and medium choroidal melanomas.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:463-470.]
T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia as a Consequence of Thymus Autonomy
Authors: Ballesteros-Arias Luna , Silva Joana G. , Paiva Rafael A. , Carbonetto Belén , Faísca Pedro , Martins Vera C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Thymus autonomy is the capacity of the thymus to maintain T lymphocyte development and export independently of bone marrow contribution. Prolonging thymus autonomy was shown to be permissive to the development of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), similar to the human disease. In this study, performing thymus transplantation experiments in mice, we report that thymus autonomy can occur in several experimental conditions, and all are permissive to T-ALL. We show that wild type thymi maintain their function of T lymphocyte production upon transplantation into recipients with several genotypes (and corresponding phenotypic differences), i.e., Rag2−/−γc−/−, γc−/−, Rag2−/−IL-7rα−/−, and IL-7rα−/−. We found that the cellularity of the thymus grafts is influenced exclusively by the genotype of the host, i.e., IL-7rα−/− versus γc−/−. Nonetheless, the difference in cellularity detected in thymus autonomy bore no impact on onset, incidence, immunophenotype, or pathologic condition of T-ALL. In all tested conditions, T-ALL reached an incidence of 80%, demonstrating that thymus autonomy bears a high risk of leukemia. We also analyzed the microbiota composition of the recipients and their genetic background, but none of the differences found influenced the development of T-ALL. Taken together, our data support that IL-7 drives cellular turnover non–cell autonomously, which is required for prevention of T-ALL. We found no influence for T-ALL in the specific combination of the genotypic mutations tested (including the developmental block caused by Rag deficiency), in microbiota composition, or minor differences in the genetic background of the strains.
Potential Mediators of Load-Related Decreases in Movement Quality in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Schmitz Randy J. , Rhea Christopher K. , Ross Scott E. 
Published: January 2019

Context
Predicting and promoting physical performance are important goals within the tactical professional community. Movement screens are frequently used in this capacity but are poor predictors of performance outcomes. It has recently been shown that prediction improved when movement quality was evaluated under load, but the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear. Because balance, range of motion, and strength are mutually relevant to physical performance and movement quality, these attributes may mediate load-related decreases in movement quality and account for the resulting increase in performance prediction.

Objective
To quantify the roles of balance, range of motion, and strength in mediating load-related decreases in clinical movement-screen scores.

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults.

Intervention(s)
Participants completed a clinical movement screen under a control condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weighted vest as well as tests of balance, range of motion, and strength.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Item score differences were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for matched pairs. Interactions between (1) balance, range of motion, and strength and (2) load condition were modeled using penalized varying-coefficients regression with item scores as the dependent measure.

Results
Except for the hurdle step, item scores were lower in the weighted-vest than in the control condition for all tests (P &lt; .05). Except for rotary stability, F statistics were significant for all models (P values &lt; .05, R2 values = 0.22–0.77). Main effects of balance, range of motion, and strength on Functional Movement Screen scores were observed (P &lt; .05); however, little evidence was found to suggest that these attributes mediated load-related decreases in Functional Movement Screen item scores.

Conclusions
Balance, range of motion, and strength affected movement quality but did not mediate the effect of the load treatment.