bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethanol on flavor perception of Rum
Authors: Ickes Chelsea M. , Cadwallader Keith R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis is the first sensory study to evaluate the effects of ethanol concentration on flavor perception of distilled spirits. Dilution series of two rums (R1 and R2) were evaluated to gain insight into the effects of ethanol concentration on the flavor perception of distilled spirits. Rums were diluted 1:2 (v/v) either with pure water to a final alcohol by volume (ABV) of 20% (R1‐W and R2‐W) or with an aqueous 40% ABV solution (R1‐E and R2‐E). The later dilution accounted for the flavor dilution effect while keeping the ethanol concentration the same as the original liquors. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted on both dilution series and the original rums. Twenty‐three attributes were evaluated consisting of eight aroma, four aroma‐by‐mouth, four mouthfeel, two taste, and five aftertaste terms. Results revealed 18 significant attributes for the R1 series. With the exception of silky mouthfeel, all attributes were rated highest in R1 and lowest in R1‐E. The R2 series contained sixteen significant attributes, all of which were rated higher in R2 compared with R2‐E. The flavor profiles of the original rums and those diluted with water were very similar, with the diluted rums generally having slightly lower attribute intensities. In contrast, the rums diluted with 40% ABV had significantly different flavor profiles than the original rums. Results indicate that diluting spirits with water may reduce the odor suppression effects of ethanol or enhance flavor release which appears to counteract the flavor dilution effect.
Device‐scale CFD modeling of gas‐liquid multiphase flow and amine absorption for CO2capture
Authors: Pan Wenxiao , Galvin Janine , Huang Wei Ling , Xu Zhijie , Sun Xin , Fan Zhen , Liu Kunlei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper we aim to develop a validated device‐scale CFD model that can predict quantitatively both hydrodynamics and CO2capture efficiency for an amine‐based solvent absorber column with random Pall ring packing. A Eulerian porous‐media approach and a two‐fluid model were employed, in which the momentum and mass transfer equations were closed by literature‐based empirical closure models. We proposed a hierarchical approach for calibrating the parameters in the closure models to make them accurate for the packed column. Specifically, a parameter for momentum transfer in the closure was first calibrated based on data from a single experiment. With this calibrated parameter, a parameter in the closure for mass transfer was next calibrated under a single operating condition. Last, the closure of the wetting area was calibrated for each gas velocity at three different liquid flow rates. For each calibration, cross validations were pursued using the experimental data under operating conditions different from those used for calibrations. This hierarchical approach can be generally applied to develop validated device‐scale CFD models for different absorption columns. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The boundaries of the firm in global strategy
Authors: Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro , Mudambi Ram , Pedersen Torben 
Published: March 2018

Research summaryWe briefly review the evolution in the analysis of the boundaries of the firm in global strategy. We explain how initial studies that argued that firm boundaries were driven by the minimization of transaction costs were later complemented by analyses that proposed that firm boundaries were driven by the development and use of resources to maximize value creation and capture. Studies of global strategy combine these two approaches and introduce the influence of location—both the home and host countries—as a third influence on boundary decisions. We encourage future studies to focus more deeply on the complexity, dynamics, and mechanisms of three themes: the consideration of all boundary options, the study of the entirety of the multinational, and the simultaneous consideration analysis of the characteristics of all the locations in which the multinational is active. These suggestions help better connect the three drivers of firm boundaries: transactions, resources, and locations.Managerial summaryWe briefly review the evolution in academic thinking regarding the scope of activities of a firm, that is, a firm's boundaries, in global strategy. We explain how initial studies that argued that firm boundaries are driven by a desire to reduce costs were complemented by analyses that proposed that firm boundaries are driven by a desire to increase value creation and capture. Studies of global strategy combine these two drivers and introduce the influence of the location of operation—the home and host countries—as a third influence on boundary decisions. We provide suggestions for future studies on how to incorporate the complexity, dynamics, and mechanisms of the complete array of methods to manage boundaries, the complete set of subsidiaries of the multinational, and the complete set of characteristics of the relevant locations.
2SLS versus 2SRI: Appropriate methods for rare outcomes and/or rare exposures
Authors: Basu Anirban , Coe Norma B. , Chapman Cole G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the ability of the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) estimator and two‐stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimators with varying forms of residuals to estimate the local average and population average treatment effect parameters in models with binary outcome, endogenous binary treatment, and single binary instrument. The rarity of the outcome and the treatment was varied across simulation scenarios. Results showed that 2SLS generated consistent estimates of the local average treatment effects (LATE) and biased estimates of the average treatment effects (ATE) across all scenarios. 2SRI approaches, in general, produced biased estimates of both LATE and ATE under all scenarios. 2SRI using generalized residuals minimized the bias in ATE estimates. Use of 2SLS and 2SRI is illustrated in an empirical application estimating the effects of long‐term care insurance on a variety of binary health care utilization outcomes among the near‐elderly using the Health and Retirement Study.
Alternative evaluation metrics for risk adjustment methods
Authors: Park Sungchul , Basu Anirban 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRisk adjustment is instituted to counter risk selection by accurately equating payments with expected expenditures. Traditional risk‐adjustment methods are designed to estimate accurate payments at the group level. However, this generates residual risks at the individual level, especially for high‐expenditure individuals, thereby inducing health plans to avoid those with high residual risks. To identify an optimal risk‐adjustment method, we perform a comprehensive comparison of prediction accuracies at the group level, at the tail distributions, and at the individual level across 19 estimators: 9 parametric regression, 7 machine learning, and 3 distributional estimators. Using the 2013–2014 MarketScan database, we find that no one estimator performs best in all prediction accuracies. Generally, machine learning and distribution‐based estimators achieve higher group‐level prediction accuracy than parametric regression estimators. However, parametric regression estimators show higher tail distribution prediction accuracy and individual‐level prediction accuracy, especially at the tails of the distribution. This suggests that there is a trade‐off in selecting an appropriate risk‐adjustment method between estimating accurate payments at the group level and lower residual risks at the individual level. Our results indicate that an optimal method cannot be determined solely on the basis of statistical metrics but rather needs to account for simulating plans' risk selective behaviors.
Occupational injuries and risk assessment of apartment guards work
Authors: Park Myoung Hwan , Jeong Byung Yong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of occupational injuries in apartment guards and to suggest the risk matrix based on risk assessment. The 432 incident reports approved as work‐related injuries were used to investigate the characteristics of occupational injuries. Results showed that 88.7% of the total incidents occurred in workers older than 60 years of age, and 52.9% occurred in less than 1 year of work experience. The most incidents took place in the process of cleaning (48.2%), followed by patrol (28.3%), facility management (13.6%), and guard office work (10.0%). Possible incidents predicted as high level of risk management were in the forms of “parking control: slips and trips,” “repair facility: fall from a height,” “patrol: slips and trips,” “street cleaning: slips and trips,” “waste sorting: slips and trips,” and “snow removal: slips and trips.” The results could be used to develop an effective injury prevention policy and contribute to providing a workplace where older workers can work safely.
Impact of introducing specific measures to reduce the frequency of cesarean delivery for non‐obstetric indications
Authors: Psenkova Petra , Bucko Marek , Braticak Michal , Baneszova Ruth , Zahumensky Jozef 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the frequency of cesarean delivery for non‐obstetric indications before and after the introduction of specific measures to lower the rate of elective cesarean, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced measures.MethodsIn the present single‐center retrospective cohort study at University Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic, the frequency of elective cesarean was evaluated before (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014) and after (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016) the implementation of specific measures applied in January 2015 to confirm the indications for primary cesarean delivery. The frequency of elective cesarean delivery for non‐obstetric indications was compared between the two periods.ResultsBefore the intervention in 2015, 229 (2.9%) of 7768 women had elective cesarean deliveries for non‐obstetric indications. After implementation of the intervention, the frequency decreased to 27 (0.8%) of 3203 women (P<0.001).ConclusionThe frequency of cesarean delivery for non‐obstetric indications was reduced significantly by introducing specific reasonable measures. These included all non‐obstetric indications for cesarean delivery being approved by a leading specialist of the related department, close cooperation with professionals from other specialties, and, additionally, staff attending professional educational lectures.
Self‐assembled, ellipsoidal polymeric nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of therapeutics
Authors: Desai Prachi , Venkataramanan Anjana , Schneider Rebecca , Jaiswal Manish K. , Carrow James K. , Purwada Alberto , Singh Ankur , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNanoparticle shape has emerged as a key regulator of nanoparticle transport across physiological barriers, intracellular uptake, and biodistribution. We report a facile approach to synthesize ellipsoidal nanoparticles through self‐assembly of poly(glycerol sebacate)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PGS‐co‐PEG). The PGS‐PEG nanoparticle system is highly tunable, and the semiaxis length of the nanoparticles can be modulated by changing PGS‐PEG molar ratio and incorporating therapeutics. As both PGS and PEG are highly biocompatible, the PGS‐co‐PEG nanoparticles show high hemo‐, immuno‐, and cytocompatibility. Our data suggest that PGS‐co‐PEG nanoparticles have the potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications including regenerative medicine, stem cell engineering, immune modulation, and cancer therapeutics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2048–2058, 2018.
Neurotrophin‐3 released from implant of tissue‐engineered fibroin scaffolds inhibits inflammation, enhances nerve fiber regeneration, and improves motor function in canine spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Ge , Che Ming‐Tian , Zeng Xiang , Qiu Xue‐Cheng , Feng Bo , Lai Bi‐Qin , Shen Hui‐Yong , Ling Eng‐Ang , Zeng Yuan‐Shan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) normally results in cell death, scarring, cavitation, inhibitory molecules release, etc., which are regarded as a huge obstacle to reconnect the injured neuronal circuits because of the lack of effective stimulus. In this study, a functional gelatin sponge scaffold was used to inhibit local inflammation, enhance nerve fiber regeneration, and improve neural conduction in the canine. This scaffold had good porosity and modified with neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3)/fibroin complex, which showed sustained release in vitro. After the scaffold was transplanted into canine spinal cord hemisection model, hindlimb movement, and neural conduction were improved evidently. Migrating host cells, newly formed neurons with associated synaptic structures together with functional blood vessels with intact endothelium in the regenerating tissue were identified. Taken together, the results demonstrated that using bioactive scaffold could establish effective microenvironment stimuli for endogenous regeneration, providing a potential and practical strategy for treatment of spinal cord injury. © 2018 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2158‐2170, 2018.
Fabrication and evaluation of interconnected porous carbonate apatite from alpha tricalcium phosphate spheres
Authors: Ishikawa Kunio , Arifta Tya Indah , Hayashi Koichiro , Tsuru Kanji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbonate apatite (CO3Ap) blocks have attracted considerable attention as an artificial bone substitute material because CO3Ap is a component of and shares properties with bone, including high osteoconductivity and replacement by bone similar to autografts. In this study, we fabricated an interconnected porous CO3Ap block using α‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) spheres and evaluated the tissue response to this material in a rabbit tibial bone defect model. Interconnected porous α‐TCP, the precursor of interconnected porous CO3Ap, could not be fabricated directly by sintering α‐TCP spheres. It was therefore made via a setting reaction with α‐TCP spheres, yielding interconnected porous calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite that was subjected to heat treatment. Immersing the interconnected porous α‐TCP in Na–CO3–PO4 solution produced CO3Ap, which retained the interconnected porous structure after the dissolution–precipitation reaction. The diametral tensile strength and porosity of the porous CO3Ap were 1.8 ± 0.4 MPa and 55% ± 3.2%, respectively. Both porous and dense (control) CO3Ap showed excellent tissue response and good osteoconductivity. At 4 weeks after surgery, approximately 15% ± 4.9% of the tibial bone defect was filled with new bone when reconstruction was performed using porous CO3Ap; this amount was five times greater than that obtained with dense CO3Ap. At 12 weeks after surgery, for porous CO3Ap, approximately 47% of the defect was filled with new bone as compared to 16% for dense CO3Ap. Thus, the interconnected porous CO3Ap block is a promising artificial bone substitute material for the treatment of bone defects caused by large fractures or bone tumor resection. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 269–277, 2019.
Utilizing an ecological framework to integrate social identities and sociopolitical analysis in psychotherapy
Authors: LiVecchi Pamela , Obasaju Mayowa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article explores how the political events from the past year have influenced psychotherapeutic sessions with a female adolescent who is Peruvian, undocumented, and initially presented with symptoms of anxiety and a history of trauma. Focusing on this case example and utilizing an ecological framework, this article explores how the social identities of the therapist and their relation to power and privilege impact the therapeutic interventions that were chosen and not chosen. Additionally, there is a review of the benefits of consultation with a colleague of differing social identities and how this form of consultation can influence a clinician's reactions to clients regarding social or political issues, as well as how integrating a sociopolitical analysis is a useful and sometimes necessary addition to the usual work of therapy.
MAO‐BandCOMTGenetic Variations Associated With Levodopa Treatment Response in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sampaio Tiago Furtado , dos Santos Erinaldo Ubirajara Damasceno , de Lima Gessica Dayane Cordeiro , dos Anjos Rute Salgues Gueiros , da Silva Ronaldo Celerino , Asano Amdore Guescel C. , Asano Nadja Maria Jorge , Crovella Sergio , de Souza Paulo Roberto Eleutério 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe most commonly used Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the replacement of dopamine by its levodopa precursor (l‐dopa). Monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) and catechol‐o‐methyl transferase (COMT) are enzymes involved in the metabolism and regulation of dopamine availability. In our study we investigated the possible relation among selected single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theMAO‐B(rs1799836) andCOMT(rs4680) genes and the therapeutic response to levodopa (l‐dopa). A total of 162 Brazilian patients from the Pro‐Parkinson service of Clinics Hospital of Pernambuco diagnosed with sporadic PD and treated with levodopa were enrolled. PD patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the daily levodopa dose.MAO‐BandCOMTSNP genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. After multivariate analysis, we observed a significant difference between PD groups for the following variables: sex (P = .02), longer duration of disease (P = .02), longer levodopa therapy duration (P = .01), younger onset of PD (P =.01), and use of COMT inhibitor (P = .02). We observed that patients carryingMAO‐B(rs1799836) A and AA genotypes and COMT (rs4680) LL genotype suffered more frequently from levodopa‐induced‐dyskinesia. In addition, we found an increased risk of 2.84‐fold for male individuals carrying theMAO‐BG allele to be treated with higher doses of levodopa (P = .04). We concluded that before beginning PD pharmacological treatment, it is important to consider the genetic variants of theMAO‐BandCOMTgenes and the sex, reinforcing the evidence that sexual dimorphism in the genes related to dopamine metabolism might affect PD treatment.
Regional Gastrointestinal Absorption of Apixaban in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Byon Wonkyung , Nepal Sunil , Schuster Alan E. , Shenker Andrew , Frost Charles E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the extent of absorption in different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The relative bioavailability of an apixaban crushed tablet was also assessed to investigate the effect of dissolution on absorption. This was an open‐label, randomized, 4‐period, 4‐treatment crossover study with a 7‐day washout period balanced for first‐order residual effects in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects received a single dose of a 2.5‐mg apixaban solution administered orally, released in the distal small intestine and in the ascending colon. In addition, subjects received a single dose of a 2.5‐mg apixaban crushed tablet released in the ascending colon. The solution and crushed tablet were delivered via Enterion capsules. The location of Enterion capsules was monitored using scintigraphic imaging. Apixaban maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t) decreased by approximately 60% when it was delivered to the distal small bowel compared with the oral administration. A greater decrease was observed when it was delivered to the ascending colon, with reductions of 90% and 84% in Cmax and AUC0–t, respectively. A crushed tablet delivered to the ascending colon resulted in exposure that was approximately 40% of that observed for solution released in the same region. These findings indicate that apixaban exhibits region‐dependent absorption and that dissolution/solubility of the solid‐dose form is limited in the ascending colon. Apixaban absorption decreased progressively along the GI tract, indicating that absorption occurs primarily in the upper GI tract.
Treatment of super heavy oil wastewater by a combined process of lignite‐activated coke adsorption and immobilized biological filter degradation: performance and the relevant microbial community analysis
Authors: Tong Kun , Zhang Zhena , Lin Aiguo , Song Qihui , Ji Guodong , Wang Dong , Zhang Mingdong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment of super heavy oil wastewater (SHOW) is an increasing problem due to the large amounts of recalcitrant contaminants. Thus advanced techniques should be explored.RESULTSA pilot field study was conducted by unsaturated ligntie‐activated coke (LAC) pre‐adsorption–immobilized biological filter (I‐BF) degradation–LAC post‐adsorption. Specially, the unsaturated LAC from the post‐adsorption stage was sent to the influent wastewater for pre‐adsorption. Through this novel process, the effluent can meet the prescribed discharge standard, and LAC dosage was significantly lower compared with the process without pre‐adsorption. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) demonstrated that pre‐adsorption could remove mostly organic substances which benefits the subsequent bio‐treatment; in particular, I‐BFs could remove phenols, organic acid compounds and light alkanes, whereas post‐adsorption preferentially removed amide. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC‐OCD) indicated that pre‐adsorption could easily remove hydrophobic organic carbon (HOC), whereas I‐BFs and post‐adsorption principally removed neutrals. Thus, this process readily removes HOC, organic acids, biopolymers and neutrals, although humics (proven to be sewage fulvic acids) and building blocks are hard to remove. We also monitored the microbial community based on polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and revealed that the predominant bacteria in the I‐BF reactors were Bacteroides spp., Pseudomonas spp., Thermomonas spp., Sphingomonadaceae spp., Sphingomonas spp. and Rhizobium spp.CONCLUSIONThis process provides an effective way for the treatment of SHOW. Results concerning the removal mechanism of recalcitrant contaminants and the in‐depth study of predominant bacteria may provide significant guidance for other wastewater treatments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry