bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Delay in Seeking Abortion Care Until the Second Trimester at Jimma University Medical Centre: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abdi Taju , Assefa Fanta , Debela Dejene T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough the overall abortion‐related maternal mortality ratio has shown a downward trend in Ethiopia, the case‐fatality rate from abortion is still high. This study identified factors associated with delays in seeking an abortion until the second trimester at Jimma Medical Centre, Jimma, southwest Ethiopia.MethodsFrom February to August 2023, we conducted a cross‐sectional study on pregnant women seeking safe abortion care. Participants were selected through systematic sampling from a sample size of 260 calculated based on a previous study's prevalence of second‐trimester abortion (19.2%), with 80% power and a 5% margin of error. Participants were selected using systematic sampling and data were collected by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. P‐value adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the association between variables.ResultsThe study found a high prevalence of second‐trimester abortion at 58%. Factors significantly associated with delays in seeking abortion services until the second trimester included being from a rural area (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.8), experiencing social stigma (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.9–7.8), being unmarried (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–3.0), having limited knowledge of menstrual periods (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), delaying suspicion and testing for pregnancy (AOR = 18.2, 95% CI: 2.1–8.9–37.3), postponing the decision to have an abortion by more than 1 week (AOR = 4.9, CI: 1.0–23.7), and being a primigravidae (AOR = 2.1, CI: 1.1–4.1).ConclusionsBeing from a rural area, social stigma surrounding abortion, being unmarried, limited knowledge of menstrual periods, and being a primigravidae were found to be significantly associated with delays in seeking abortion services until the second trimester. A multifaceted approach and efforts should focus on improving access to healthcare resources in rural areas, reducing social stigma surrounding abortion through education and advocacy, and providing comprehensive reproductive health education to enhance knowledge about menstrual cycles and pregnancy testing adapting to local contexts including employing community‐based approaches, using visual and interactive tools, and ensuring cultural sensitivity.
Neuroinflammation in Post COVID‐19 Sequelae: Neuroinvasion and Neuroimmune Crosstalk
Authors: Dos Reis Roberta S. , Selvam Sathish , Ayyavoo Velpandi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in December 2019 triggered a swift global spread, leading to a devastating pandemic. Alarmingly, approximately one in four individuals diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experience varying degrees of cognitive impairment, raising concerns about a potential increase in neurological sequelae cases. Neuroinflammation seems to be the key pathophysiological hallmark linking mild respiratory COVID‐19 to cognitive impairment, fatigue, and neurological sequelae in COVID‐19 patients, highlighting the interaction between the nervous and immune systems following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the virus disrupts physiological pathways to trigger inflammation within the CNS, potentially leading to neuronal damage. These include neuroinvasion, systemic inflammation, disruption of the lung and gut‐brain axes, and reactivation of latent viruses. This review explores the potential origins of neuroinflammation and the underlying neuroimmune cross‐talk, highlighting important unanswered questions in the field. Addressing these fundamental issues could enhance our understanding of the virus's impact on the CNS and inform strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects.
Stability‐Indicating RP‐HPLC Method for Lopinavir Estimation in Pharmaceutical Co‐Crystals: A Design of Expert Approach
Authors: Mehta Pranali , Sharannavar Bhuvaneshwari R. , Koli Rahul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this investigation was to develop and validate a robust reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method for the quantification of lopinavir in co‐crystals formed with fumaric acid and acetamide. A Box–Behnken design within the design of the experiment framework was employed to optimize chromatographic conditions. The method utilized a Phenomenex Luna C18 column and a mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with detection at 259 nm. Validation followed ICH Q2 (R1 and R2) guidelines, confirming the method's specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness. Co‐crystals of lopinavir were prepared using liquid‐assisted grinding and reaction crystallization techniques. The validated HPLC method successfully quantified lopinavir in these co‐crystals, with recovery rates ranging from 96.3% to 99.8%. Forced degradation studies under various stress conditions (acidic, base, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic) demonstrated the method's capability to distinguish lopinavir from its degradation products. In conclusion, the developed RP‐HPLC method is suitable for routine analysis and quality control of lopinavir in co‐crystal formulations. This method not only provides precise quantification but also offers insights into the enhanced delivery potential of lopinavir through co‐crystallization, contributing to improved therapeutic efficacy in HIV/AIDS treatment.
Biege‐ und Biegedrillknicken von Sandwichelementen mit einheitlicher Knickkurve
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Kuhnhenne Markus , Nonn Jonas , Janczyk Kevin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMit Sandwichelementen ohne Unterkonstruktion können Raum‐ und Kühlzellen schnell und wirtschaftlich realisiert werden. Als tragende Wandbauteile übernehmen sie dann nicht nur Querlasten, sondern auch axial wirkende Kräfte aus der Deckenkonstruktion, sodass insbesondere bei zunehmenden Gebäudehöhen und Sandwichschlankheiten die Stabilitätsnachweise maßgebend werden. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die auf der Deckenkonstruktion befindlichen Aufbauten beliebig angeordnet und somit die resultierenden Axiallasten exzentrisch zur Längsachse angreifen können. Die Stabilitätsnachweise sind deswegen in einem erweiterten Spektrum der möglichen Versagensphänomene zu berücksichtigen. So werden neben dem Biegeknicken unter zentrischer und exzentrischer Längsdruckkraft auch kombinierte Beanspruchungen aus Biege‐ und Biegedrillknicken relevant. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden ein einheitlicher Ansatz für Knickkurven für verschiedene Beanspruchungskonstellationen von axial beanspruchten Sandwichelementen und die damit verbundene Nachweisführung vorgestellt. Sie bilden die Grundlage für eine einfache, wirtschaftliche und insbesondere konsistente Stabilitätsbemessung dieser Bauteile.
Effect of nano‐silica on the mechanical performance and porosity evolution of concrete under freezing and thawing cycles
Authors: Yang Yujie , Xiao Ting , Ming Xuanang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe enhancement of freeze–thaw resistance in concrete is crucial for improving the durability and longevity of infrastructure in cold regions. Although the benefits of nano‐silica (NS) on concrete's freeze–thaw resistance have been demonstrated, there is still controversy surrounding the optimal concentration of admixture and underlying mechanisms. In this study, the mechanical performance (mass weight, elastic modulus, compressive and splitting strength) and porosity evolution (total porosity, porosity distribution and micro‐surface morphologies) of control concrete and concrete modified with five different NS admixture concentration (1%–5%) were tested under freezing and thawing (F–T) cycles, and damage models were established to assess the correlations between macroscopic and microscopic damages. The results indicate that F–T cycles lead to both damage in mechanic properties and porosity in concrete specimens. The effects of NS particles on macroscopic and microscopic damage under F–T conditions depend on their admixture concentration. A 2% concentration mitigates while a 5% dosage promotes both macroscopic and microscopic damages during F–T cycles. These differences can primarily be attributed to different dispersion status of NS particles in concrete, leading to variations in porosity evolution during F–T cycles. The macroscopic damage exhibit stronger correlation with microscopic damage factor modified by proportion of large pores compared to that only based on total porosity, suggest that the microscopic damage, especially large pores' proportion, contribute to macroscopic damage of concrete specimens under F–T cycles. These findings provide valuable references for field concrete engineering applications in cold areas.
Factors associated with elective surgical case cancellation at a tertiary hospital in Malawi
Authors: Serrato Paul , Msosa Vanessa , Kondwani Jephta , Nkhumbwah Mwai , Mowafi Hani , Smith Jonathan P. , Mulima Gift , Sion Melanie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundSame‐day cancellation of surgery affects up to 44% of cases at a public tertiary hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. To characterize these cancellations, this study examines surgical volume, cancellation causes, and surgery completion rate after initial cancellation, which are not otherwise monitored for analysis in this setting.MethodsWe conducted a serial cross‐sectional study at the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) during a 6 month period. Variables included patient demographics, procedure information, and hospital capacity factors. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were constructed to assess factors associated with cancellation.ResultsOf the 3121 total surgeries, 2626 (84.1%) were elective procedures, of which 747 (28.4%) were canceled. Orthopedic surgery observed the highest cancellation rate (36.5%). Process‐related factors, such as starting cases late, were the primary reason for cancellation (64.3%). Only 40% of patients with a canceled surgery underwent their procedure after index admission, with a median wait time of 3 days. Emergency cases (aOR: 0.50 and CI: 0.39 and 0.64) and first cases of the day (aOR: 0.02 and CI: 0.01 and 0.04) were associated with lower odds of cancellation. Facility factors associated with lower odds of cancellation included number of open operating rooms (OR: 0.86 and CI: 0.77 and 0.96) and anesthetists assigned on duty (OR: 0.94 and CI: 0.88 and 0.99).ConclusionCancellation of elective surgery was primarily driven by process‐related factors. We identify facility‐related factors associated with lower odds of cancellation and thus provide targets for future interventions at KCH. Studies examining patient outcomes following elective case cancellation are warranted as most patients never return for surgery following cancellation.
Robustness of Corpus-Based Typological Strategies for Dependency Parsing
Authors: Alves Diego , Gomes Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a comparison of the corpus-based typological classification of ten European Union languages obtained using parallel corpora, with one generated in a less controlled scenario, with non-parallel automatically annotated data. First, we described the specific pipeline that was created to extract and annotate multilingual data from the Arquivo.pt 2019 European Parliamentary Elections collection. Two new corpora for all EU languages were generated and made publicly and freely available: one composed of raw texts extracted from this collection and the other with syntactic annotation obtained automatically. Then, we presented an overview of different quantitative typological approaches developed for dependency parsing improvement and selected the most optimised ones to conduct our comparative analysis. Finally, we compared both scenarios using the same corpus-based strategy and showed that the classification obtained using the data provided by the Arquivo.pt dataset provides valuable linguistic information for this type of study, presenting similarities when compared to the classification based on parallel corpora. However, considering the dissimilarities observed, further analysis is required before validating this new method.
Collection and Integration of Event-Centric Information in Cross-Lingual Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Gottschalk Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCollecting and integrating event information in a knowledge graph enables the analysis of major societal events, their interdependencies with other events and actors and their perception and impact. While existing cross-domain knowledge graphs such as Wikidata and DBpedia also contain event knowledge, they are typically limited regarding the diversity of event representations and types. In this chapter, we first describe EventKG—a knowledge graph of multilingual event-centric information bringing together heterogeneous event information from different sources. Since the thorough understanding of events further demands the availability of context information in different modalities, we then present the Open Event Knowledge Graph (OEKG), which extends the coverage and modality of EventKG by integrating several of the event-related datasets presented in this book and opens up several possibilities for cross-lingual, event-centric open analytics. Through several statistics, example queries and applications, we show the versatility and the applicability of EventKG and OEKG for event analytics across languages and communities.
Introduction
Authors: Szymanski-Düll Berenika , Skwirblies Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter serves as the introduction to the book European Theatre Migrants in the Age of Empire. It presents the objectives of the volume, outlines its structure and methodological approach, and provides a glimpse into the subsequent chapters and sections, each addressing specific and selected topics related to aspects of European migration theatre history in the long nineteenth century.
Migration and the Expansion of German-Language Theatre in the Habsburg Monarchy: Reflecting on Internal Colonisation and Cultural Assimilation
Authors: Weber-Kapusta Danijela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with cultural asymmetries and hierarchies between the dominant German-language theatre and the national theatres in the Habsburg Monarchy in the nineteenth century. The central aim is to show the key role of German-speaking theatre migrants in the establishment of a professional theatre culture in the countries of today’s Eastern and Southeastern Europe. By doing this, the chapter explores the power structures that enabled the transnational establishment of the German-language theatre in linguistically, culturally, and ethnically very heterogeneous Crown Lands of the monarchy and examines the patterns of internal colonisation in the monarchy.
The Transformation Game: Joining Forces for Verification
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Lee Nian-Ze 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransformation plays a key role in verification technology, conveying information across different abstraction layers and underpinning the correctness, efficiency, and usability of formal-methods tools. Nevertheless, transformation procedures are often tightly coupled with individual verifiers, and thus, hard to reuse across different tools. The lack of modularity incurs repeated engineering effort and the risk of bugs in the process of ‘reinventing the wheel’. It can be seen as a new paradigm to construct verification technology by employing standardized formats and interfaces for information exchange, and by building modular transformers between verification artifacts. Following this paradigm of modular transformation, recent works have (1) enhanced and complemented the state of the art by transforming verification tasks and applying tools for other modeling languages or specifications, (2) built new tools by combining mature ones via standardized formats for exchanging verification artifacts, and (3) communicated certificates of verification results to improve usability and explainability. In this paper, we survey existing transformation procedures and advocate the paradigm of modular transformation and exchange formats. Our vision is an ecosystem of reusable verification components that supports joining forces of all available techniques, allows agile development of new tools, and provides a common ground to evaluate and compare future scientific advancements: via modular transformation.
Final-state rescattering mechanism of charmed baryon decays
Authors: Jia Cai-Ping , Jiang Hua-Yu , Wang Jian-Peng , Yu Fu-Sheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dynamical studies on the non-leptonic weak decays of charmed baryons are always challenging, due to the large non-perturbative contributions at the charm scale. In this work, we develop the final-state rescattering mechanism to study the two-body non-leptonic decays of charmed baryons. The final-state interaction is a physical picture of long-distance effects. Instead of using the Cutkosky rule to calculate the hadronic triangle diagrams which can only provide the imaginary part of decay amplitudes, we point out that the loop integral is more appropriate, as both the real parts and the imaginary parts of amplitudes can be calculated completely. In this way, it can be obtained for the non-trivial strong phases which are essential to calculate CP violations. With the physical picture of long-distance effects and the reasonable method of calculations, it is amazingly achieved that all the nine existing experimental data of branching fractions for the $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

decays into an octet light baryon and a vector meson can be explained by only one parameter of the model. Besides, the decay asymmetries and CP violations are not sensitive to the model parameter, since the dependence on the parameter is mainly cancelled in the ratios, so that the theoretical uncertainties on these observables are lowered down.
Gravitational algebras and the generalized second law
Authors: Faulkner Thomas , Speranza Antony J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We derive the generalized second law (GSL) for arbitrary cuts of Killing horizons from the perspective of crossed-product gravitational algebras, making use of a recent proposal by one of us for the construction of local gravitational algebras. This construction relies on the existence of a state whose modular flow is geometric on the horizon. In both free and interacting quantum field theories, such states are guaranteed to exist by the properties of half-sided translations on the horizon. Using geometric identities derived from the canonical analysis of general relativity on null surfaces, we show that the crossed product entropy agrees with the generalized entropy of the horizon cut in a semiclassical limit, and further reproduce Wall’s result relating the GSL to monotonicity of relative entropy of the quantum field algebras. We also give a novel generalization of the GSL for interacting theories in asymptotically flat spacetimes involving the concept of an algebra at infinity for a half-sided translation, which accounts for triviality of the algebra of fields smeared only on the horizon. Going beyond the semiclassical limit, we compute subleading corrections to the crossed product entropy, but are unable to determine if the GSL continues to hold after accounting for these. We speculate that an improved GSL could follow from a hidden subalgebra structure of the crossed products, assuming the existence of an operator-valued weight between horizon cut algebras.
Frühe Hilfen in Deutschland – Entwicklungsperspektiven
Authors: Thyen Ute 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie zukünftige Entwicklung der Frühen Hilfen hängt von der strukturellen Verankerung, den Ressourcen der im Arbeitsfeld tätigen Fachkräfte und der Nutzung und Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung ab. Zum Verständnis der Dynamik der Entwicklung werden in diesem Diskussionsbeitrag zunächst die zeitgeschichtlichen Ursprünge der Frühen Hilfen in Deutschland seit dem Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts dargestellt. Weitere Abschnitte stellen die Wissensbestände aus verschiedenen, besonders relevanten Wissenschaften zusammen, insbesondere neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über die frühkindliche Entwicklung des Gehirns, die Bindungstheorie, Ergebnisse der Familien- und Präventionsforschung, Traumafolgenstudien sowie gesundheitsökonomische Modellierungen zum Nutzen sozialer Interventionen. Hieraus werden Anforderungen für eine Weiterentwicklung des Systems der Frühen Hilfen abgeleitet. Diese lassen sich konzeptuell als „Health-in-all-Policies“-Strategie einordnen (mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf Bekämpfung der Kinderarmut), verbunden mit Interprofessionalität, inklusivem Zugang für alle Kinder und Diversitätsfreundlichkeit als Merkmale einer guten Prozessqualität. Zu einem weiteren Auf- und Ausbau der Frühen Hilfen muss der Nachweis des Nutzens durch langfristige, interdisziplinäre Forschungsprogramme in den genannten Wissensgebieten durch unabhängige Forschungsförderung sorgfältig geplant und umgesetzt werden. Aufwendige Methoden zur Evaluation von komplexen Interventionen auf individueller Ebene, bei Subgruppen und in der gesamten Bevölkerung, die auch gesundheitsökonomische Effekte sowie partizipative und qualitative empirische Forschung einbeziehen, stehen zum Teil zur Verfügung und sollten weiterentwickelt werden.
Simplified meal announcement study (SMASH) using hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled two-centre crossover trial
Authors: Laesser Céline I. , Piazza Camillo , Schorno Nina , Nick Fabian , Kastrati Lum , Zueger Thomas , Barnard-Kelly Katharine , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Nakas Christos T. , Hovorka Roman , Herzig David , Konrad Daniel , Bally Lia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
The majority of hybrid closed-loop systems still require carbohydrate counting (CC) but the evidence for its justification remains limited. Here, we evaluated glucose control with simplified meal announcement (SMA) vs CC in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes using the mylife CamAPS FX system.

Methods
We conducted a two-centre, randomised crossover, non-inferiority trial in two University Hospitals in Switzerland in 46 participants (aged 12–20 years) with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections (n=35), sensor-augmented pump (n=4) or hybrid closed-loop (n=7) therapy before enrolment. Participants underwent two 3 month periods with the mylife CamAPS FX system (YpsoPump, Dexcom G6) to compare SMA (individualised carbohydrate meal sizes) with CC, in a randomly assigned order using computer-generated sequences. The primary endpoint was the proportion of time glucose was in target range (3.9–10.0 mmol/l) with a non-inferiority margin of 5 percentage points. Secondary endpoints were other sensor glucose and insulin metrics, usability and safety endpoints.

Results
Forty-three participants (18 women and girls) completed the trial. In the intention-to-treat analysis, time in range (mean±SD) was 69.9±12.4% with SMA and 70.7±13.0% with CC (estimated mean difference −0.6 percentage points [95% CI −2.4, 1.1], demonstrating non-inferiority). Time <3.9 mmol/l (median [IQR] 1.8 [1.2–2.2]% vs 1.9 [1.6–2.5]%) and >10.0 mmol/l (28.2±12.6% vs 27.2±13.4%) was similar between periods. Total daily insulin dose was higher with SMA (54.0±14.7 U vs 51.7±12.1 U, p=0.037). Three participants experienced serious adverse events, none of which were intervention-related.

Conclusions/interpretation
Glucose control using the CamAPS FX algorithm with SMA was non-inferior to its use with CC in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05481034.

Funding
The study was supported by the Swiss Diabetes Foundation and by a YTCR grant from the Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. Dexcom and Ypsomed provided product support.

Graphical Abstract