bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printed porous polyamide macrocapsule combined with alginate microcapsules for safer cell-based therapies
Authors: Saenz del Burgo Laura , Ciriza Jesús , Espona-Noguera Albert , Illa Xavi , Cabruja Enric , Orive Gorka , Hernández Rosa María , Villa Rosa , Pedraz Jose Luis , Alvarez Mar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCell microencapsulation is an attractive strategy for cell-based therapies that allows the implantation of genetically engineered cells and the continuous delivery of de novo produced therapeutic products. However, the establishment of a way to retrieve the implanted encapsulated cells in case the treatment needs to be halted or when cells need to be renewed is still a big challenge. The combination of micro and macroencapsulation approaches could provide the requirements to achieve a proper immunoisolation, while maintaining the cells localized into the body. We present the development and characterization of a porous implantable macrocapsule device for the loading of microencapsulated cells. The device was fabricated in polyamide by selective laser sintering (SLS), with controlled porosity defined by the design and the sintering conditions. Two types of microencapsulated cells were tested in order to evaluate the suitability of this device; erythropoietin (EPO) producing C2C12 myoblasts and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) producing BHK fibroblasts. Results showed that, even if the metabolic activity of these cells decreased over time, the levels of therapeutic protein that were produced and, importantly, released to the media were stable.
Soft and Robust Identification of Body Fluid Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometric Strategies for Forensic Analysis
Authors: Takamura Ayari , Watanabe Ken , Akutsu Tomoko , Ozawa Takeaki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBody fluid (BF) identification is a critical part of a criminal investigation because of its ability to suggest how the crime was committed and to provide reliable origins of DNA. In contrast to current methods using serological and biochemical techniques, vibrational spectroscopic approaches provide alternative advantages for forensic BF identification, such as non-destructivity and versatility for various BF types and analytical interests. However, unexplored issues remain for its practical application to forensics; for example, a specific BF needs to be discriminated from all other suspicious materials as well as other BFs, and the method should be applicable even to aged BF samples. Herein, we describe an innovative modeling method for discriminating the ATR FT-IR spectra of various BFs, including peripheral blood, saliva, semen, urine and sweat, to meet the practical demands described above. Spectra from unexpected non-BF samples were efficiently excluded as outliers by adopting the Q-statistics technique. The robustness of the models against aged BFs was significantly improved by using the discrimination scheme of a dichotomous classification tree with hierarchical clustering. The present study advances the use of vibrational spectroscopy and a chemometric strategy for forensic BF identification.
Adhesive force measurement of steady-state water nano-meniscus: Effective surface tension at nanoscale
Authors: Kwon Soyoung , Kim Bongsu , An Sangmin , Lee Wanhee , Kwak Ho-Young , Jhe Wonho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen the surface of water is curved at nanoscale as a bubble, droplet and meniscus, its surface tension is expected to be smaller than that of planar interface, which still awaits experimental studies. Here, we report static and dynamic force spectroscopy that measures the capillary force of a single nanoscale water meniscus at constant curvature condition. Based on the Young-Laplace equation, the results are used to obtain the effective surface tension (ST) of the meniscus, which decreases to less than 20% of the bulk value at the radius-of-curvature (ROC) below 25 nm, while indicating the bulk behaviour above ~130 nm ROC. Interestingly, such a possibility provides a qualitative resolution of the unsettled discrepancies between experiments and theories in the thermodynamic activation processes for the mentioned three types of nano-curvatured water. Our results may not only lead to development of microscopic theories of ST as well as further experimental investigations, but also help better understanding of the ST-induced nanoscale dynamics such as cluster growth or protein folding, and the ST-controlled design of nano-biomaterials using the nano-meniscus.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with 2 nm axial resolution using a compact laser plasma soft X-ray source
Authors: Wachulak Przemysław , Bartnik Andrzej , Fiedorowicz Henryk 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present optical coherence tomography (OCT) with 2 nm axial resolution using broadband soft X-ray radiation (SXR) from a compact laser plasma light source. The laser plasma was formed by the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with a gaseous target in a double stream gas puff target approach. The source was optimized for efficient SXR emission from the krypton/helium gas puff target in the 2 to 5 nm spectral range, encompassing the entire “water-window” spectral range from 2.3 nm to 4.4 nm wavelength. The coherence parameters of the SXR radiation allowed for the OCT measurements of a bulk multilayer structure with 10 nm period and 40% bottom layer thickness to period ratio, with an axial resolution of about 2 nm and detect multilayer interfaces up to a depth of about 100 nm. The experimental data are in agreement with OCT simulations performed on ideal multilayer structure. In the paper, detailed information about the source, its optimization, the optical system, OCT measurements and the results are presented and discussed.
The Neurocognitive Architecture of Individual Differences in Math Anxiety in Typical Children
Authors: Hartwright Charlotte E. , Looi Chung Yen , Sella Francesco , Inuggi Alberto , Santos Flávia Heloísa , González-Salinas Carmen , García Santos Jose M. , Kadosh Roi Cohen , Fuentes Luis J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMath Anxiety (MA) is characterized by a negative emotional response when facing math-related situations. MA is distinct from general anxiety and can emerge during primary education. Prior studies typically comprise adults and comparisons between high- versus low-MA, where neuroimaging work has focused on differences in network activation between groups when completing numerical tasks. The present study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify the structural brain correlates of MA in a sample of 79 healthy children aged 7–12 years. Given that MA is thought to develop in later primary education, the study focused on the level of MA, rather than categorically defining its presence. Using a battery of cognitive- and numerical-function tasks, we identified that increased MA was associated with reduced attention, working memory and math achievement. VBM highlighted that increased MA was associated with reduced grey matter in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus. This region was also associated with attention, suggesting that baseline differences in morphology may underpin attentional differences. Future studies should clarify whether poorer attentional capacity due to reduced grey matter density results in the later emergence of MA. Further, our data highlight the role of working memory in propagating reduced math achievement in children with higher MA.
Intensive Auditory Comprehension Treatment for Severe Aphasia: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Knollman-Porter Kelly , Dietz Aimee , Dahlem Kelly 
Published: May 2018

Background
Severe auditory comprehension impairments secondary to aphasia can adversely influence rehabilitative outcomes and quality of life. Studies examining intensive rehabilitative treatments for severe single-word auditory comprehension impairments are needed.

Objectives
Our purpose was to examine the feasibility and influence of a high-intensity word–picture verification treatment on high-frequency, word response accuracy. Research questions: (a) Can people with severe aphasia tolerate an intensive comprehension treatment? (b) Does an intensive intervention increase auditory comprehension response accuracy of spoken high-frequency words?

Method
This single-case ABA design study included 2 participants with chronic, severe auditory comprehension deficits secondary to stroke. A high-frequency, word–picture verification treatment was administered 2 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks and required participants to match the spoken word of the examiner to a picture representing an object.

Results
Preliminary results suggest that some people with severe chronic aphasia can tolerate an intensive auditory comprehension treatment and demonstrate improvements in high-frequency, word-level response accuracy with large effect sizes suggesting generalization to untrained stimuli.

Conclusions
An intensive auditory comprehension treatment protocol can contribute to improvements in response accuracy for some people with severe aphasia. Larger sample size studies are needed to further examine the influence of intensity on improvements in auditory comprehension.
DC–DC buck converter solely powered by supercapacitors for efficiently powering the hand‐held devices
Authors: Sengupta Aditya Sankar , Mohanty Saraju P. , Bhattacharyya Bidyut K. 
Published: May 2018

In this study, a closed loop feed‐forward direct current (DC)–DC converter has been designed which operates solely on two supercapacitor modules. This is an innovative new design where the challenge was to maintain the constant output voltage when the input voltage of the converter is decaying continuously as a function of time as long as the output load draws current. The second innovation is the selection of all the components that are required to design the regulated output DC–DC converter, even though the parameters like the supply voltages for the components have been falling continuously as a function of time since the supercapacitor modules are providing these supply voltages. The design is also robust enough to withstand certain fluctuations in the output current ranging between 200 and 950 mA and yet maintain a regulated output voltage. In this study, the authors have successfully demonstrated that one can design a DC–DC converter powered by supercapacitors to generate a constant voltage and desired output current while all the components required making that DC–DC converter remain operational although the input voltage of the supercapacitors is dropping constantly, due to the output drawing current. The operating frequency, i.e. the switching frequency ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 kHz.
Application of electrical geophysics to the release of water resources, case of Ain Leuh (Morocco)
Authors: Zitouni A. , Boukdir A. , El Fjiji H. , Baite W. , Ekouele Mbaki V.R. , Ben Said H. , Echakraoui Z. , Elissami A. , El Maslouhi M.R. 
Published: May 2018

Being seen needs in increasing waters in our contry for fine domestics, manufactures and agricultural, the prospecting of subterranean waters by geologic and hydrogeologic classic method remains inaplicable in the cases of the regions where one does not arrange drillings or polls (soundings) of gratitude (recongnition) in very sufficient (self-important) number.
In that case of figure, the method of prospecting geophysics such as the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the method of the geophysics radar are usually used most usually because they showed, worldwide, results very desive in the projects of prospecting and evaluation of the resources in subterranean waters.
In the present work, which concerns only the methodology of the electric resistivity, we treat the adopted methodological approach and the study of the case of application in the tray of Ajdir Ain Leuh.
Application of the Electrical (Geophysical) Method for the Identification of the Sealed Bevel in the Coastal Region of Walidia Province of el Jadida – Morocco
Authors: Elfjiji H. , Boukdir A. , Zitouni A. 
Published: May 2018

The Walidia area knows a great development of agricultural, industrial, maritime activities and a very great demographic expansion. This development is accompanied by a growing demand for water. On the other hand, any intense abstraction of fresh water at a coastal aquifer capture field causes a decrease in groundwater flow and a lowering of the piezometric surface. There is therefore a danger of advancing towards the land of the saltwater bevel and salinization of groundwater which is gradually loaded into mineral salts and can reach abnormally high levels.
This work deals with the application of geophysics by electrical sounding method to the in-depth study of the freshwater-salt water interface (salted bevel) on the one hand and the study of the lateral and vertical evolution of the geometry of the different aquifers.
The principle of the method is, when performing an electrical survey, to research how varies, at a given point on the surface, the resistivity of the subsoil vertically. For this one executes in a same place a succession of measurements, increasing each time the dimensions of the device and thus the depth of investigation which is proportional to them. At this site, we explore a slice of ground increasingly thick and thus highlights the changes in geological constitution along the vertical.
The electrical soundings were carried out with the classic Schlumberger device.
The interpretation and the exploitation of the data of the electric soundings carried out made it possible to :

Follow the evolution of the salted bevel roof,

Draw the upstream limit (marine invasion) of salted bevel Hauterivian, on the one hand, and Valanginian and Jurassic on the other hand,

Follow the roof structure of Dridrat limestone (Hauterivien) and limestones of Valanginien and Upper Jurassic,

Draw the map of the marl roof of Safi (Hauterivian) constituting the impermeable substratum of Dridrat limestones.
Multiaxial Fatigue Spectrum Editing by Using Combined Wavelet Analysis and Stress Invariant Approach
Authors: Imanian Anahita , Leung Kelvin , Iyyer Nagaraja 
Published: May 2018

The practicalities of structural fatigue testing limit the fidelity of the cyclic load history that can be applied to a test structure. Testing is, therefore, a compromise between fatigue damage fidelity and test economy. A new methodology is proposed for multiaxial loading spectrum editing to extract cycles that contribute negligible damage during fatigue crack initiation. The method is based on projection by projection (PbP) technique and wavelet transform analysis (WTA) procedure. In this approach, the cycles with negligible contribution to damage in every decoupled projected loading path (i.e. obtained from PbP approach) are extracted using the WTA procedure. Each extracted segment is then replaced with an equivalent cycle that produces the same amount of damage. The effectiveness of the edited spectrums is evaluated by the degree of fatigue damage retention as the original damage and preservation of statistical parameter values.As a case study, the proposed approach has been applied to the numerically produced random bending-torsion fatigue spectrum in plane-stress condition. The result shows an average of 75% reduction of the original spectrums with retention of 90% of the original spectrums’ damage values.
Effect of Sandblasting on Low and High-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour after Mechanical Cutting of a Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel
Authors: Lara Antoni , Roca Mercè , Parareda Sergi , Cuadrado Núria , Calvo Jessica , Casellas Daniel 
Published: May 2018

In the last years, car bodies are increasingly made with new advanced high-strength steels, for both lightweighting and safety purposes. Among these new steels, high-manganese or TWIP steels exhibit a promising combination of strength and toughness, arising from the austenitic structure, strengthened by C, and from the twinning induced plasticity effect. Mechanical cutting such as punching or shearing is widely used for the manufacturing of car body components. This method is known to bring about a very clear plastic deformation and therefore causes a significant increase of mechanical stress and micro-hardness in the zone adjacent to the cut edge. To improve the cut edge quality, surface treatments, such as sandblasting, are often used. This surface treatment generates a compressive residual stress layer in the subsurface region. The monotonic tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of these steels have been extensively studied, as well as the effect of grain size and distribution and chemical composition on fatigue behaviour; however, there is not so much documentation about the fatigue performance of these steels cut using different strategies. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyse the fatigue behaviour of a TWIP steel after mechanical cutting with and without sandblasting in Low and High-Cycle Fatigue regimes. The fatigue behaviour has been determined at room temperature with tensile samples tested with a load ratio of 0.1 and load amplitude control to analyse High-Cycle Fatigue behaviour; and a load ratio of -1 and strain amplitude control to determine the Low-Cycle Fatigue behaviour. Samples were cut by shearing with a clearance value of 5%. Afterwards, a part of the cut specimens were manually blasted using glass microspheres of 40 to 95 microns of diameter as abrasive media. The results show a beneficial effect of the sandblasting process in fatigue behaviour in both regimes, load amplitude control (HCF) and strain amplitude control (LCF) tests, when these magnitudes are low, while no significant differences are observed with higher amplitudes.low-cycle fatigue, high-cycle fatigue, mechanical cutting, sandblasting, high manganese steel, TWIP steel
Development and validation of a computed assessment of cleansing score for evaluation of quality of small-bowel visualization in capsule endoscopy
Authors: Abou Ali Einas , Histace Aymeric , Camus Marine , Gerometta Rafaële , Becq Aymeric , Pietri Olivia , Nion-Larmurier Isabelle , Li Cynthia , Chaput Ulriikka , Marteau Philippe , Florent Christian , Dray Xavier 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims An objective and reliable scoring system is needed to assess quality of visualization in small bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE), for both clinical practice and research purposes. The aim of this study was to establish and to validate a SB-computed assessment of cleansing (SB-CAC) score.
Patients and methods Thirty-three SB-CE were selected. A CAC score, defined as the ratio of the red over green pixels (R/G ratio), was calculated for each frame. Intervals were then determined, ranging from the lowest to the highest ratio among the extracted frames. Twelve frames were randomly selected in each of these intervals. Two hundred eighty-eight frames were shuffled and analyzed twice in random order by two experienced CE readers who were blinded to the CAC scores. Once an “adequately cleansed” or “inadequately cleansed” qualification was allotted to every still frame, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created. In case of discrepancy between the two readers, the still frames were excluded. A second dataset of 288 different SB still frames was generated and read twice in random order by two other experienced SB-CE readers, using the same methodology.
Results A SB-CAC score threshold of 1.6 best achieved discrimination of adequately from inadequately cleansed frames, with a sensitivity of 92.7 % (95 %CI [89.7 – 95.8]) and a specificity of 92.9 % (95 %CI [89.9 – 95.9]). This threshold was validated using the second dataset, yielding the following performances: sensitivity 91.3 % (95 %CI [87.9 – 94.6]), specificity 94.7 % (95 %CI [92.1 – 97.3]).
Conclusion An SB-CAC score of 1.6 has the highest sensitivity and specificity to discriminate “adequately cleansed” from “inadequately cleansed” SB-CE still frames. This constitutes an objective, reproducible, reliable, and automated cleansing score for SB-CE.
Kompetenzen und Rollen(-erwartungen) von Genesungsbegleitern in der psychiatrischen Versorgung – Ein partizipativer Forschungsbericht
Authors: Heumann Kolja , Schmid Christine , Wilfer Antje , Bolkan Suzan , Mahlke Candelaria , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es werden die spezifischen Kompetenzen und Rollen(erwartungen) von und an Genesungsbegleiter (= GB) untersucht.
Methode Im Rahmen eines partizipativen Studiendesigns wurde ethnografisches Material in einer Fokusgruppe diskutiert und mithilfe eines multiple-coding-Ansatzes kollaborativ mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse GB zeichnen sich durch eine nahbare, offene und wenig klassifizierende Form der Kontaktaufnahme zu Patienten aus. Ihre Rolle in der Versorgung ist oft unklar. Sie ist durch einerseits mehr Flexibilität, andererseits durch mehr Abhängigkeiten geprägt.
Schlussfolgerungen Es ist wichtig, die Kompetenzen und Rollen von GB zu definieren und mit den Erwartungen der anderen Berufsgruppen abzugleichen.
Does the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy system improve image reading efficiency irrespective of experience? A pilot study
Authors: Omori Teppei , Hara Toshifumi , Sakasai Sachiyo , Kambayashi Harutaka , Murasugi Shun , Ito Ayumi , Nakamura Shinichi , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims The aim of this study was tp compare the diagnostic efficiency of the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy (CE) system with the older system, PillCam SB2, taking into consideration the experience of the image reader.
Patients and methods Small intestinal CE was conducted on 64 patients around May 2014 when the SB3 was introduced in our hospital. Data obtained from 20 patients (SB2: 10 and SB3: 10) based on transit time were assessed by junior (experience: 20 images), intermediate (> 50), and expert readers (> 600).
Results Reading time with the CE down to the end of the small intestine was shorter in the SB3 group for each reader (SB2 vs. SB3: junior, 40.2 ± 10.1 vs. 23.7 ± 6.7 [P = 0.0009]; intermediate, 21.4 ± 4.9 vs. 10.3 ± 2.9 [P = 0.0003]; expert, 23.2 ± 5.6 vs. 11.1 ± 2.9 min [P = 0.0002]). Interpretation agreement rates between the findings by junior and intermediate readers and those by the expert reader were 84.6 % and 92.3 %, respectively. For the junior reader, rates of agreement using the SB2 and SB3 systems with those by the expert reader were 85.7 % and 83.3 %, respectively; no significant difference was noted between the two systems. Similarly, for the intermediate reader, the respective agreement rates using the SB2 and SB3 systems were 85.7 % and 100 %, respectively.
Conclusions The PillCam SB3 reduces the time burden on readers irrespective of their experience.