bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNA involvement in the regulation of survivin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Ebrahimiyan Hamidreza , Rezaei Nima , Vojdanian Mahdi , Aslani Saeed , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimImpaired regulation of immune tolerance results in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Survivin is an anti‐apoptotic protein and can induce cellular mitosis. In the current study, we assessed the transcript level of total survivin (survivin‐TS) and its three major variants and evaluated the expression level of important micro RNAs (miRNAs) involved in survivin expression regulation in RA patients.MethodPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 50 healthy controls and 50 RA‐active patients. RNA extraction was performed and then single‐strand complementary DNA was synthesized. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression level of survivin‐TS and its variants with effective miRNAs in PBMCs.ResultsOverexpression of survivin‐2B (fold change = 1.57, P = 0.005), survivn‐ΔEx3 (fold change = 1.93, P = 0.009) and downregulation of survivin‐WT (fold change = 0.64, P = 0.0002) were found in PBMCs of patients, while messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of survivin‐TS had no significant difference between RA patients and controls. Expression levels of miR‐335‐5p, miR‐485‐5p, miR‐16‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, miR‐34a‐5p, and miR‐203a‐3p were significantly increased in PBMCs from patients compared with healthy controls. In a correlation study, dysregulation of these miRNAs were not correlated with mRNA expression level of survivin.ConclusionWhile survivin‐TS was not differently expressed in RA patients, its variants had altered expression. Although miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in PBMCs from RA subjects, they did not regulate survivin‐TS. miRNAs might be involved in RA pathogenesis, but not through controlling survivin.
Retracted: A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intra‐operative dexmedetomidine on cognitive decline after surgery
Authors: Cheng X.‐Q. , Mei B. , Zuo Y.‐M. , Wu H. , Peng X.‐H. , Zhao Q. , Liu X.‐S. , Gu E. ,   POCD Study Group
Published: March 2019

SummaryPeri‐operative dexmedetomidine can reduce rates of delirium immediately after surgery. We aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognition up to six postoperative months and its association with changes in serum concentrations of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor on the third and seventh postoperative days. We randomly allocated 535 patients aged 65 years or more undergoing scheduled gastro‐intestinal laparotomy to: intra‐operative dexmedetomidine, 0.5 μg.kg−1 bolus followed by 0.4 μg.kg−1.hr−1 infusion (n = 269), or placebo (n = 266). Dexmedetomidine reduced the rate of cognitive impairment: on the third postoperative day, 40/269 vs. 65/266, p = 0.006; on the seventh postoperative day, 31/269 vs. 49/266, p = 0.03 and at one postoperative month, 42/250 vs. 61/248, p = 0.04. Cognitive impairment at seven postoperative days was associated with changes in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor concentrations on the third and seventh postoperative days; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.63, p < 0.001 and 0.58, p = 0.016, respectively. Intra‐operative dexmedetomidine reduced cognitive decline up to one postoperative month in elderly patients undergoing scheduled laparotomy, which was associated with changes in serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor.
Confidence intervals centred on bootstrap smoothed estimators
Authors: Kabaila Paul , Wijethunga Christeen 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBootstrap smoothed (bagged) parameter estimators have been proposed as an improvement on estimators found after preliminary data‐based model selection. A result of Efron in 2014 is a very convenient and widely applicable formula for a delta method approximation to the standard deviation of the bootstrap smoothed estimator. This approximation provides an easily computed guide to the accuracy of this estimator. In addition, Efron considered a confidence interval centred on the bootstrap smoothed estimator, with width proportional to the estimate of this approximation to the standard deviation. We evaluate this confidence interval in the scenario of two nested linear regression models, the full model and a simpler model, and a preliminary test of the null hypothesis that the simpler model is correct. We derive computationally convenient expressions for the ideal bootstrap smoothed estimator and the coverage probability and expected length of this confidence interval. In terms of coverage probability, this confidence interval outperforms the post‐model‐selection confidence interval with the same nominal coverage and based on the same preliminary test. We also compare the performance of the confidence interval centred on the bootstrap smoothed estimator, in terms of expected length, to the usual confidence interval, with the same minimum coverage probability, based on the full model.
Communicating Science Effectively: When an Optimised Video Communication Enhances Comprehension, Pleasantness, and People’s Interest in Knowing More About Scientific Findings
Authors: Putortì Eufemia S. , Sciara Simona , Larocca Norman U. , Crippa Massimo P. , Pantaleo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2019

In two experiments (N = 160) we predicted and found that an optimised video science communication was more effective than either a press release science communication (Experiment 1) and a non‐optimised video science communication (Experiment 2) in promoting (a) a better comprehension of the communication, (b) a higher perceived pleasantness, and (c) a stronger manifest interest in learning more about its findings, as reflected in participants’ explicit requests to receive supplemental material on the communicated and analogous findings. The results were consistent across experiments. They were also not influenced by the content type of the communication. Implications for communication professionals and future research in the field of media, social influence, education, and applied social psychology are discussed.
Prenatal use of medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease and early childhood fracture risk
Authors: Wolfe Heather L. , Wolfe Jared A. , Ranjit Anju , Banaag Amanda , Pérez Koehlmoos Tracey , Witkop Catherine T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition in pregnancy and is often managed with medications. Specific medications have been linked to osteoporosis and fragility fracture in older adults. This study assessed whether maternal use of antireflux medications is associated with early childhood fracture.MethodsTRICARE beneficiaries during pregnancy were retrospectively identified using the Military Health System Data Repository and pharmacy data. Mother and infant data were linked; children with continuous enrollment for the first 5 years of life were included. Differences in the children’s fracture risk were analyzed through multivariate analysis, adjusting for region, rank, and military branch of service.ResultsA total of 378 150 patients comprised the final cohort with 3.3% (n = 12 479) prescribed antireflux medications during pregnancy. A significant decrease in fracture rate was found among children of women who were prescribed antireflux medications during pregnancy compared with those who were not (0.8% vs 1.2%, RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.58‐0.85). There was no difference in fracture risk between histamine type 2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. A significantly increased fracture incidence was seen in pregnancies with multiple gestations (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04‐1.85). There was no identified difference in fracture risk for women with gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm or low birthweight, chronic hypertension, induction, or breech presentation when compared to women without these conditions.ConclusionsWe found no increase in early childhood fracture risk with maternal antireflux medication use. This suggests that prenatal exposure to antireflux medications does not affect fetal bones to a clinically significant extent.
Using automatic image processing to analyze visual artifacts created by students in scientific argumentation
Authors: Pei Bo , Xing Wanli , Lee Hee‐Sun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractScience classes should support students' development of scientific argumentation. While previous studies have analyzed argumentative texts, they have overlooked the ways in which other types of representations, including images, affect the production of such texts. In addition, studies into the use of visual images in science education have offered mostly qualitative analyses. To fill these gaps in the research, this study used techniques of automated image processing to extract relevant information from student‐generated visual artifacts. Specifically, it used a series of image‐processing algorithms to automatically extract and quantify features of images created by students to serve as evidence in support of scientific arguments. Using various statistical analyses, we identified the relationships between the extracted features and the students' performance levels in constructing scientific arguments. The results revealed that the presence of water in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim and explanation scores and that the amount of water present in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim score, but not with their explanation score. These results indicate that automatic image processing can successfully identify image features that affect students' performance in scientific argumentation. Using this analysis as an example, we discuss implications for incorporating automated image processing into further research into scientific argumentation and the development of automated feedback.
The atypical RhoU/Wrch1 Rho GTPase controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in the gut epithelium
Authors: Slaymi Chaker , Vignal Emmanuel , Crès Gaëlle , Roux Pierre , Blangy Anne , Raynaud Peggy , Fort Philippe 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe mammalian gut epithelium displays among the highest rates of self‐renewal, with a turnover time of less than 5 days. Renewal involves concerted proliferation at the bottom of the crypt, migration and differentiation along the crypt‐villus axis and anoïkis/shedding in the luminal epithelium. Renewal is controlled by interplay between signalling pathways, among which canonical and non‐canonical Wnt signals play prominent roles. Overall 92% of colon tumours show increased canonical Wnt signalling resulting from mutations, established as major driver steps towards carcinogenesis.ResultsHere, we examined the physiological role of RhoU/Wrch1 in gut homeostasis. RhoU is an atypical Rho GTPase related to Cdc42/Rac1 and identified as a transcriptional target of non‐canonical Wnt signalling. We found that RHOU expression is reduced in human colorectal tumour samples. We show that RhoU is mainly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut epithelium. Rhou specific invalidation in the mouse gut elicits cell hyperplasia and is associated in the colon with a highly disorganized luminal epithelium. Hyperplasia affects all cell types in the small intestine and colon and has a higher impact on goblet cells. Hyperplasia is associated with a reduction of apoptosis and an increased proliferation. RhoU knockdown in human DLD‐1 colon cancer cells also elicits a higher growth index and reduces cell apoptosis. Last, loss of RhoU function in the mouse gut epithelium or in DLD‐1 cells increases RhoA activity and the level of phosphorylated Myosin Light Chain‐2, which may functionally link RhoU activity to apoptosis.ConclusionRhoU is mostly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut. It plays a role in homeostasis as its specific invalidation elicits hyperplasia of all cell types. This mainly results from a reduction of apoptosis, through actomyosin‐dependent mechanisms.SignificanceRhoU negatively controls cell growth in the intestinal epithelium. Since its expression is sensitive to non‐canonical Wnt signals and is reduced in colorectal tumours, downregulating RhoU may thus have an instrumental role in tumour progression.
The dangers of religious nationalism: Lessons from Srebrenica
Authors: Herzfeld Noreen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhat are the consequences of the politicization of religious myths and symbols for religious communities? The ethnic cleansing that culminated in the massacre of Srebrenica was promoted to the Serbian population, both in Serbia proper and in Bosnia, through the use of religious mythology and symbols. In Bosnia, religious language lost its meaning, religious observance remained low and it became difficult for religious leaders to join together to address community issues. We see a similar use of religious language and symbolism today in the U.S., particularly from evangelical leaders justifying the current president and his jingoistic actions. We can look to the conflict in Bosnia as a warning to the U.S. not to link religion and nationalism.
Populism and religion: On the politics of fear
Authors: Palaver Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOur societies of fear go along with an increase of populist movements in politics. This article explains the basics of populism and shows how easily it joins highly likely political friend‐enemy patterns. Anthropologically, we have to deal with parochial altruism undergirded by a static type of religion. A further step deals with the relationship between politics and fear by referring to terror management theory and its insight into the relationship between mortality and fear. The concluding part addresses ways out of fear and in what way a dynamic type of religion helps to avoid scapegoating and political enmity.
How public theologies can better address fascism, nationalism, and our impatience with God's reign
Authors: Larson Duane 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article considers the problems of fascism and nationalism today, particularly in the United States, and summarizes definitions of public theology that would be adequate to the current situation. Then three non‐theologians are consulted as resources for public theology: diplomat Madeleine Albright, philosopher Martha Nussbaum, and journalist Chris Hedges. I close with synthetic conclusions, including comment on the necessity of prayer, about the desired character of public theologies today.
How globalisation impacted Israel and India differently in the 1990s
Authors: Cohen Erez 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn both Israel and India the globalisation process of the 1990s led to the development of advanced domestic industry. This article sketches the socioeconomic impact of this development in the two countries. The analysis suggests that the unique comparative advantage of each of these countries underlies the differences in the form of development and its social impact. Where the relative advantage consisted of innovativeness (Israel), globalisation led to development of an advanced industry focusing on research and development centres and local start‐up companies. In contrast, where the relative advantage consisted of low labour costs (India), globalisation resulted in the development of an advanced industrial sector focusing on manufacturing and service centres.
Efficacy of echocardiography during spontaneous breathing trial with low‐level pressure support for predicting weaning failure among medical critically ill patients
Authors: Tongyoo Surat , Thomrongpairoj Preecha , Permpikul Chairat 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundEchocardiography was reported to be a good predictor of weaning failure when using T‐piece method, but information about its efficacy in a pressure support setting is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of echocardiography during spontaneous breathing trial with low‐level pressure support for predicting weaning failure among medical critically ill patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in adult respiratory failure patients that tolerated low pressure support weaning for 30 minutes. Echocardiogram was performed during pressure support ventilation before extubation. Weaning failure was defined as reintubation within 48 hours.ResultsOf the 52 included patients (mean age 65.9 ± 17.8 years), 14 experienced weaning failure. Severe pneumonia, metabolic acidosis, and septic shock were the leading causes of respiratory failure. Univariate analysis identified BMI > 24, peak A wave < 100 cm/s, E/Ea > 14, and inferior vena cava maximum diameter (IVCmax) > 17 mm as factors associated with reintubation. Multivariate analysis revealed E/Ea > 14 and IVCmax > 17 mm to be independent predictors of weaning failure.ConclusionInferior vena cava maximum diameter > 17 and E/Ea ratio ≥ 14 independently predict weaning failure in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function. This finding confirms that preload status of both ventricles plays a major role in weaning failure.
Clinical features and outcome of the patients with sinonasal tract diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the pre‐rituximab and rituximab eras
Authors: Vähämurto Pauli , Mannisto Susanna , Pollari Marjukka , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Mäkitie Antti A. , Leppä Sirpa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeSinonasal tract diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (SNT‐DLBCL), a rare extranodal lymphoma, is not well characterized. We performed a population‐based study to determine cell‐of‐origin, clinical presentation and impact of rituximab (R) and central nervous system (CNS) directed chemotherapy on survival.Patients and methodsPatients with SNT‐DLBCL were identified from pathology databases. Clinical information was collected and outcomes between different treatment modalities evaluated.ResultsThirty‐two percent of the patients had germinal centre B‐cell phenotype. Forty‐six patients were treated with curative intent using CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or CHOP‐like chemotherapy, 21 (46%) before and 25 (54%) in the R‐era. Additionally, 24 (52%) received CNS‐directed chemotherapy. Addition of R to chemotherapy reduced the risk of progression (RR = 0.368, 95% CI 0.138‐0.976, P = 0.045) and death (RR = 0.245, 95% CI 0.068‐0.883, P = 0.032), and translated into better survival (5‐year PFS, 67% vs 38%, P = 0.037; 5‐year OS, 81% vs 48%, P = 0.020). CNS‐directed chemotherapy reduced the risk of progression (RR = 0.404, 95% CI 0.159‐1.029, P = 0.057) and death (RR = 0.298, 95% CI 0.093‐0.950, P = 0.041), and translated into favorable survival (5‐year PFS, 67% vs 32%, P = 0.050; 5‐year OS 82% vs 43%, P = 0.030).ConclusionPatients with SNT‐DLBCL benefit from rituximab and CNS‐directed chemotherapy.
Systemic morphine administration causes gastric distention and hyperphagia in healthy horses
Authors: Tessier C. , Pitaud J.‐P. , Thorin C. , Touzot‐Jourde G. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere are no data investigating the effect of systemic morphine on the size of the stomach or the food consumption in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate gastrointestinal side effects of morphine administered systemically in healthy horses by the means of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsOn day 1 of the experiment, six healthy French Trotter mares were evaluated clinically and an abdominal ultrasonography was performed three times 4 h apart to record the size of the stomach, the number of contractions per minute of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum, left and right ventral colons. On Day 2, morphine was administered three times 4 h apart at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and the same ultrasonographic examinations performed. On Day 3, only clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed as on Day 1. Amounts of hay and water ingested, frequency and weight of faeces were recorded throughout the study.ResultsNumber of contractions of the duodenum, caecum, left and right ventral colons were significantly decreased after morphine administration. Size of the stomach was increased significantly with a cumulative effect of repeated doses of morphine. Hay (+0.4 kg/h, P<0.001) and water (+1.1 L/h, P<0.001) consumption were significantly increased.Main limitationsThe study was performed in healthy horses.ConclusionsSystemic morphine administration causes gastrointestinal depression, gastric distention and hyperphagia in horses. Clinical and ultrasonographical examinations are valuable tools to identify side effects of morphine administration in horses. Further studies are needed to assess side effects and monitoring in clinically painful cases. Horses receiving systemic morphine administration should be closely monitored for signs of gastric distention and, specifically, the amount of food given while receiving treatment should be controlled to avoid complications.
AUDIT: AnomaloUs data Detection and Isolation approach for mobile healThcare systems
Authors: Ben Amor Lamia , Lahyani Imene , Jmaiel Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMobile health care systems highly depend on collected physiological data through medical sensors to provide high‐quality care services. However, inaccurate physiological data from sensors pose a major challenge for health care providers when making decisions, whereas an erroneous decision can affect the user's life. We propose, in this paper, an anomalous data detection and isolation approach for mobile health care systems. Our approach, called AUDIT, detects inaccurate measurements in real time and distinguishes between faults or errors and health events. To do so, we propose reduced time and space complexities algorithms based on dimension reduction within the context of resource constraints. Furthermore, a decision algorithm is proposed while exploring the spatio‐temporal correlation between physiological attributes. First, we describe our approach. Then, we give its implementation details. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we show different experiments related to its detection performances and its time and space complexities.
TRANSLATING RELIGION: GERMAN WOMEN TRANSLATORS OF ROBERT BURNS'S ‘THE COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT’ IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Bodammer Eleoma 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTTranslating Robert Burns's songs and ballads into German was a nineteenth‐century phenomenon; it is not widely known, however, that women translated Burns, as their work has received little critical attention. This article analyses Emilie von Berlepsch's (1802–4) and Emilie Fierlein's (1841) German translations of Burns's ‘The Cotter's Saturday Night’ (1785–6), and the original, in order to demonstrate that their personal religious sensitivities influenced their translation strategies in relation to the religious references in stanzas twelve – eighteen of Burns's poem. Furthermore, critics of ‘The Cotter's Saturday Night’ have overlooked the liturgical structure of the poem and also avoided examining its eschatological and apocalyptic themes, which were also problematic for the translators. The women translators were unwilling to allow Burns's image of God as avenging and wrathful, his patriarchs of the Old Testament as sinful and ruthless, and his apocalyptic references to John of Patmos's visions and the Book of Life to disrupt the rural idyll of the scene of family worship in the cottage. They made significant changes that emphasised the spiritual education of the heart and emotional worship, faith, prayer, and the theme of salvation.