bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language reconfiguration in bilinguals
Authors: Calabria Marco , Pérez Pérez Jesús , Martínez-Horta Saúl , Horta-Barba Andrea , Carceller Mar , Kulisevsky Jaime , Costa Albert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present study investigated language inhibition and cross-language interference as two possible mechanisms of bilingual language
control (BLC) that can be affected by Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease (ND) affecting the striatum. To this
aim, the study explored the performance of pre-symptomatic and early-stage HD patients in two experimental tasks meant to elicit
cross-language interference and language inhibition, including a Stroop task and a language switching task. The results revealed
dissociations between these two mechanisms, indicating that language activation or inhibition is related to HD pathology while
cross-language interference is not. Switch costs in HD patients were greater than controls in low-demand control conditions of
language switching (longer preparation time), while Stroop effects were similar between the two groups of participants. This
result was interpreted as a difficulty in overcoming the excessive inhibition applied to non-target language. The BLC processes
related to the striatum and subcortical structures are discussed.
Executive Dysfunction in Criminal Populations: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Patients and Correctional Offenders
Authors: Shumlich Erin J. , Reid Graham J. , Hancock Megan , N. S. Hoaken Peter 
Published: September 2018

Background: Robust executive function (EF) deficits have been found in criminal groups and have been implicated as contributors to criminal behavior. A widely cited model of EF is made up of inhibition, shifting, and working memory. The current study compares these three EF components of two different criminal groups to one another and to a normative sample. Methods: EF of 42 forensic psychiatric patients was assessed and compared with 77 correctional offenders. EF was determined using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Results: Forensic psychiatric patients display poorer performance on EF compared to correctional offenders. Overall, forensic psychiatric patients perform most poorly on measures of shifting. Furthermore, a large proportion of both forensic psychiatric patients (9.5–35.7%) and correctional offenders (5.2–27.3%) display clinically significant deficits in all components of EF compared to what would be expected in the normative population (2.5%). Conclusions/Implications: This study provides evidence of heterogeneity of cognitive deficits among different criminal populations and pervasive EF deficits in forensic and correctional populations compared to a normative sample. Understanding the unique EF profiles of different criminal groups can better inform rehabilitation programs and risk and release decisions.
Constructing Islam in an Early Modern Anthology: Intertextuality, Politics, and Religion in Seventeenth-Century Europe
Authors: Meyer Allison Machlis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article discusses an early modernSammelband(collected volume) that compiles epithalamia celebrating the wedding of Elizabeth Stuart with two translations, William Vaughan’s “The new-found politicke” and Robert Ashley’s “Almansor.” By highlighting the varied uses of Muslim exemplarity and alterity within one compilation, this article reveals the effects of recontextualization invited by the process of book building in the larger context of the Thirty Years’ War. ThisSammelbandstudy argues that translation, repurposing, and the material processes of compilation unsettle narratives of religious difference used by European writers to make sense of political conflict in the early seventeenth century.
Drive and measurement electrode patterns for electrode impedance tomography (EIT) imaging of neural activity in peripheral nerve
Authors: Hope J , Vanholsbeeck F , McDaid A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective; To establish the performance of several drive and measurement patterns in EIT imaging of neural activity in peripheral nerve, which involves large impedance changes in the nerve’s anisotropic length axis. Approach; Twelve drive and measurement electrode patterns are compared using a finite element (FE) four-cylindrical shell model of a peripheral nerve and a 32 channel dual-ring nerve cuff. The central layer of the FE model contains impedance changes representative of neural activity of −0.30 in length axis and −8.8 × 10−4 in the radial axis. Six of the electrode patterns generate longitudinal drive current, which runs parallel to the anisotropic axis, while the remaining six patterns generate transverse drive current, which runs perpendicular to the anisotropic axis. Main results; Of the twelve patterns evaluated, transverse current patterns produce higher resolution than longitudinal current patterns but are also more susceptible to noise and errors, and exhibit poorer sensitivity to impedance changes in central sample locations. Three of the six longitudinal current patterns considered can reconstruct fascicle level impedance changes with up to 0.2 mV noise and error, which corresponds to between −5.5 and +0.18 dB of the normalised signal standard deviation. Reducing the spacing between the two electrode rings in all longitudinal current patterns reduced the signal to error ratio across all depth locations of the sample. Significance; Electrode patterns which target the large impedance change in the anisotropic length axis can provide improved robustness against noise and errors, which is a critical step towards real time EIT imaging of neural activity in peripheral nerve.
A draft genome assembly of the Chinese sillago (Sillago sinica), the first reference genome for Sillaginidae fishes
Authors: Xu Shengyong , Xiao Shijun , Zhu Shilin , Zeng Xiaofei , Luo Jing , Liu Jiaqi , Gao Tianxiang , Chen Nansheng 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Sillaginidae, also known as smelt-whitings, is a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the Indo-West Pacific that have high ecological and economic importance. Many Sillaginidae species, including the Chinese sillago (Sillago sinica), have been recently described in China, providing valuable material to analyze genetic diversification of the family Sillaginidae. Here, we constructed a reference genome for the Chinese sillago, with the aim to set up a platform for comparative analysis of all species in this family.

Findings
Using the single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing platform Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel, we generated ~27.3 Gb genomic DNA sequences for the Chinese sillago. We reconstructed a genome assembly of 534 Mb using a strategy that takes advantage of complementary strengths of two genome assembly programs, Canu and FALCON. The genome size was consistent with the estimated genome size based on k-mer analysis. The assembled genome consisted of 802 contigs with a contig N50 length of 2.6 Mb. We annotated 22,122 protein-coding genes in the Chinese sillago genomes using a de novo method as well as RNA sequencing data and homologies to other teleosts. According to the phylogenetic analysis using protein-coding genes, the Chinese sillago is closely related to Larimichthys crocea and Dicentrarchus labrax and diverged from their ancestor around 69.5–82.6 million years ago.

Conclusions
Using long reads generated with PacBio sequencing technology, we have built a draft genome assembly for the Chinese sillago, which is the first reference genome for Sillaginidae species. This genome assembly sets a stage for comparative analysis of the diversification and adaptation of fishes in Sillaginidae.
‘Blood Doesn’t Become Water’? Syrian Social Relations during Displacement
Authors: Lokot Michelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumanitarian discourses emphasize that displacement results in disruptions to family structures. This article challenges simplistic descriptions of change during displacement, highlighting the powerful role of the family in Middle Eastern societies through an anthropological exploration of social relations among Syrian refugees in Jordan. It contributes to academic analysis on social relations among refugees by presenting a more mixed picture of social dynamics within and outside the family—both before conflict and during displacement. It explores how the hold of the family among Syrians may limit social interactions with ‘outsiders’ during displacement, as well as how displacement may offer opportunities for tighter social regulations to be unravelled. These findings highlight that social relations among refugees must be analysed more carefully, and with consideration of intersectional power dynamics.
Real-World Experience With Higher-Than-Recommended Doses of Lamivudine in Patients With Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment
Authors: Fischetti Briann , Shah Kushal , Taft David R , Berkowitz Leonard , Bakshi Anjali , Cha Agnes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Although nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been associated with lactic acidosis, lamivudine (3TC) has not been reported to have an increased risk with elevated concentrations. Therefore, some recommend that the lowest tablet strength of 3TC be considered in patients with kidney disease to avoid the inconvenience of liquid formations. Our institution avoids dose-adjusting 3TC until creatinine clearance (CrCl) &lt;30 mL/min and uses 100–150-mg tablets daily in hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to describe the use of higher-than-recommended doses of 3TC in a real-world setting.

Methods
Blood samples were collected before and 0.5–1.5 hours after 3TC administration in HIV+ adults. Predose (Cmin) and postdose (Cmax) samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was utilized to simulate areas under the curve (AUCs) and profiles by CrCl. Lactic acid levels and patient-reported adverse events were obtained to monitor for safety, and viral suppression was assessed for efficacy.

Results
Thirty-four patients with varying degrees of renal function were enrolled. Observed 3TC Cmax values were comparable among CrCl cohorts. Simulated 3TC AUC values in patients with CrCl 30–49, 15–29, and 0–15 mL/min were consistent with historical data, and fold-errors were between 0.5 and 2.0. All lactic acid levels were within normal limits, and no adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions
This study is the first to describe the use of higher-than-recommended doses of 3TC in a real-world setting. 3TC was well tolerated across all levels of renal function. These results can guide providers in their selection of higher 3TC dosing in select patients with renal dysfunction to maximize adherence.
How Courts Decide Federalism Disputes: Legal Merit, Attitudinal Effects, and Strategic Considerations in the Jurisprudence of the Belgian Constitutional Court
Authors: Popelier Patricia , Bielen Samantha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn urgent question in contemporary federal theory is how institutions impact upon the centralization grade of multi-tiered systems. This article focuses on constitutional courts as one of such institutions. It constructs a classification for measuring a court’s position in federalism disputes and tests hypotheses about what determines variation across decisions within one court. The case study is Belgium, as a model of contemporary fragmenting systems. We find that if the defending party is the federal government, the probability of a centralist outcome increases compared to when a sub-state government is the defendant, and vice versa. Evidence suggests that legal merit plays a role to this effect. We further find that each state reform decreases the probability of a centralist outcome. This appears to be a consequence of strategic considerations. We finally find suggestive evidence that the organization of the court does not fully succeed in playing down judges' ideological preferences.
Misidentification of Burkholderia pseudomallei as Acinetobacter species in northern Thailand
Authors: Greer Rachel C , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Amornchai Premjit , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Laongnualpanich Achara , Dance David A B , Limmathurotsakul Direk 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic throughout the tropics.

Methods
A study of reported Acinetobacter spp. bacteraemia was performed at Chiang Rai provincial hospital from 2014 to 2015. Isolates were collected and tested for confirmation.

Results
A total of 419 putative Acinetobacter spp. isolates from 412 patients were re-identified and 5/419 (1.2%) were identified as B. pseudomallei. Four of the five patients with melioidosis died. An estimated 88/419 (21%) isolates were correctly identified as Acinetobacter spp.

Conclusions
Misidentification of Acinetobacter spp. as B. pseudomallei or other bacteria is not uncommon and programmes to address these shortfalls are urgently required.
Cochlear Implantation With a Novel Long Straight Electrode: the Insertion Results Evaluated by Imaging and Histology in Human Temporal Bones
Authors: Sipari Sini , Iso-Mustajärvi Matti , Matikka Hanna , Tervaniemi Jyrki , Koistinen Arto , Aarnisalo Antti , Sinkkonen Saku T. , Löppönen Heikki , Dietz Aarno 
Published: September 2018

Hypothesis:
To evaluate the insertion results of a novel straight array (EVO) by detailed imaging and subsequent histology in human temporal bones (TB).

Background:
The main focuses of modern cochlear implant surgery are to prevent damage to the intracochlear structures and to preserve residual hearing. This is often achievable with new atraumatic electrode arrays in combination with meticulous surgical techniques.

Methods:
Twenty fresh-frozen TBs were implanted with the EVO. Pre- and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans were reconstructed and fused for an artifact-free representation of the electrode. The array's vertical position was quantified in relation to the basilar membrane on basis of which trauma was classified (Grades 0–4). The basilar membrane location was modeled from previous histologic data. The TBs underwent subsequent histologic examination.

Results:
The EVOs were successfully inserted in all TBs. Atraumatic insertion (Grades 0–1) were accomplished in 14 of 20 TBs (70%). There were three apical translocations, and two basal translocations due to electrode bulging. One TB had multiple translocations. The sensitivity and specificity of imaging for detecting insertion trauma (Grades 2–4) was 87.5% and 97.3.0%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Comparable insertion results as reported for other arrays were also found for the EVO. Insertion trauma can be mostly avoided with meticulous insertion techniques to prevent bulging and by limiting the insertion depth angle to 360 degrees. The image fusion technique is a reliable tool for evaluating electrode placement and is feasible for trauma grading.
Is There a Relationship Between Bone Quality and Hearing Level?
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Hong Hyung Sun , Yang Seung-Chan , Kim Kyu-Sung , Kim Hyun Ji 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
This study evaluated the correlation between skull bone attenuation on temporal bone computed tomography (CT) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the central skeleton on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the correlation between bone quality and hearing level.

Study Design:
Retrospective observational.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients/Interventions:
One hundred and one ears of 101 patients who underwent temporal bone CT and DXA with pure tone audiometry within 3 months of CT.

Main Outcome Measures:
Bone quality was measured by both bone attenuation of the clivus and petrous apex by setting a circular region of interest and by the cortical thickness of the occipital bone on CT. Partial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between bone quality around the skull on CT and BMD in the central skeleton after adjusting for age and sex. Partial correlations between pure tone audiometry and CT/DXA results were sought.

Results:
There was no significant correlation between measurements on CT and BMD on DXA. The hearing level partially correlated with BMD on DXA. The average threshold of bone conduction showed a significant correlation with BMD at the femoral neck (correlation coefficient −0.241, p = 0.020) and trochanter (correlation coefficient −0.244, p = 0.018), but there was no significant correlation between the average threshold of bone conduction and BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0.177–0.332).

Conclusion:
We could not find a relationship between hearing loss and bone quality. Hearing levels can be affected by various factors, so further studies are needed to assess regional temporal bone quality.
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Yawn Robert J. , Brown Christine L. , O’Malley Matthew R. , Bennett Marc L. , Labadie Robert F. , Haynes David S. , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
To evaluate audiologic outcomes following unilateral cochlear implantation with contralateral hearing aid (unilateral CI + HA) versus bilateral CI in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary Care Otologic Practice.

Patients:
Twenty-three patients with ANSD who underwent unilateral CI + HA or bilateral CI.

Interventions:
Rehabilitative (CI).

Outcome Measures:
Speech perception scores and achievement of open-set speech.

Results:
Preoperatively, all patients demonstrated lack of open-set speech perception with hearing aids (HAs) alone. Of the 23 patients included, 56.5% (n = 13) had developmental delay. Thirteen patients underwent unilateral CI + HA and 10 patients underwent bilateral CI. The median ages at CI activation were 3.3 and 2.0 years in the unilateral CI + HA and bilateral CI groups, respectively (p = 0.0688), with median lengths of CI use of 45.9 and 47.2 months, respectively (p = 0.8438). The unilateral CI + HA and bilateral CI groups achieved open-set speech perception in 76.9% and 90.0% of cases, respectively (p = 0.6036), within median times of 19.5 and 28.0 months, respectively (p = 0.6334). Within the unilateral CI + HA group, the median aided PTAs in the contralateral ears of patients who did and did not achieve open-set speech were 57.5 dB HL (range, 42.5–91.7 dB HL) and 75.0 dB HL (range, 62.5–111.3 dB HL) (p = 0.0455).

Conclusions:
Both bilateral CI and unilateral CI + HA groups achieved high rates of open-set speech perception. Bilateral CI may be beneficial in patients with bilateral hearing loss or those that fail to progress with unilateral CI + HA.
Functional connectomics from neural dynamics: probabilistic graphical models for neuronal network ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Liu Hexuan , Kim Jimin , Shlizerman Eli 
Published: September 2018

We propose an approach to represent neuronal network dynamics as a probabilistic graphical model (PGM). To construct the PGM, we collect time series of neuronal responses produced by the neuronal network and use singular value decomposition to obtain a low-dimensional projection of the time-series data. We then extract dominant patterns from the projections to get pairwise dependency information and create a graphical model for the full network. The outcome model is a functional connectome that captures how stimuli propagate through the network and thus represents causal dependencies between neurons and stimuli. We apply our methodology to a model of theCaenorhabditis eleganssomatic nervous system to validate and show an example of our approach. The structure and dynamics of theC. elegansnervous system are well studied and a model that generates neuronal responses is available. The resulting PGM enables us to obtain and verify underlying neuronal pathways for known behavioural scenarios and detect possible pathways for novel scenarios.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Connectome to behaviour: modellingC. elegansat cellular resolution’.
An explorable public transcriptomics compendium for eukaryotic microalgae
Authors: Ashworth Justin , Ralph Peter J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEukaryotic microalgae dominate primary photosynthetic productivity in fluctuating nutrient-rich environments, including coastal, estuarine and polar regions, where competition and complexity are presumably adaptive and dynamic traits. Numerous genomes and transcriptomes of these species have been carefully sequenced, providing an unprecedented view into the vast genetic repertoires and the diverse transcriptional programs operating inside these organisms. Here we collected, re-mapped, quantified and clustered publicly available transcriptome data for ten different eukaryotic microalgae in order to develop new insights into their molecular systems biology, as well as to provide a large new resource of integrated information to facilitate the efforts of others to further compare and contextualize the results of individual and new experiments within and between species. This is summarized herein and provided for public use by the eukaryotic microalgae research community.
Early Pleistocene enamel proteome sequences from Dmanisi resolve Stephanorhinus phylogeny
Authors: Cappellini Enrico , Welker Frido , Pandolfi Luca , Madrigal Jazmin Ramos , Fotakis Anna K. , Lyon David , Moreno Mayar Victor J. , Bukhsianidze Maia , Jersie-Christensen Rosa Rakownikow , Mackie Meaghan , Ginolhac Aurélien , Ferring Reid , Tappen Martha , Palkopoulou Eleftheria , Samodova Diana , Rüther Patrick L. , Dickinson Marc R. , Stafford Tom , Chan Yvonne L. , Götherström Anders , Nathan Senthilvel KSS , Heintzman Peter D. , Kapp Joshua D. , Kirillova Irina , Moodley Yoshan , Agusti Jordi , Kahlke Ralf-Dietrich , Kiladze Gocha , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido , Liu Shanlin , Velasco Marcela Sandoval , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Kelstrup Christian D. , Allentoft Morten E. , Krogh Anders , Orlando Ludovic , Penkman Kirsty , Shapiro Beth , Rook Lorenzo , Dalén Love , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Olsen Jesper V. , Lordkipanidze David , Willerslev Eske 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAncient DNA (aDNA) sequencing has enabled unprecedented reconstruction of speciation, migration, and admixture events for extinct taxa1. Outside the permafrost, however, irreversible aDNA post-mortem degradation2 has so far limited aDNA recovery within the ˜0.5 million years (Ma) time range3. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS)-based collagen type I (COL1) sequencing provides direct access to older biomolecular information4, though with limited phylogenetic use. In the absence of molecular evidence, the speciation of several Early and Middle Pleistocene extinct species remain contentious. In this study, we address the phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae5-7 using ˜1.77 million years (Ma) old dental enamel proteome sequences of a Stephanorhinus specimen from the Dmanisi archaeological site in Georgia (South Caucasus)8. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place the Dmanisi Stephanorhinus as a sister group to the woolly (Coelodonta antiquitatis) and Merck’s rhinoceros (S. kirchbergensis) clade. We show that Coelodonta evolved from an early Stephanorhinus lineage and that this genus includes at least two distinct evolutionary lines. As such, the genus Stephanorhinus is currently paraphyletic and its systematic revision is therefore needed. We demonstrate that Early Pleistocene dental enamel proteome sequencing overcomes the limits of ancient collagen- and aDNA-based phylogenetic inference, and also provides additional information about the sex and taxonomic assignment of the specimens analysed. Dental enamel, the hardest tissue in vertebrates, is highly abundant in the fossil record. Our findings reveal that palaeoproteomic investigation of this material can push biomolecular investigation further back into the Early Pleistocene.