bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value-Based Decision-Making and Its Relation to Cognition and Processing Noise in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Richtmann Anja , Petzold Johannes , Glöckner Franka , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn all phases of life, people face decisions with important consequences. Weighing options involves using cognitive resources to assess valence, delay, and risk to achieve a desired outcome. Value-based decision-making changes over the lifespan, but studies disagree on the extent, domains, and mechanisms of this change. We assessed delay discounting, risk aversion for probabilistic gains, risk seeking for probabilistic losses, loss aversion as well as cognitive abilities, and processing noise in 86 young (25–38 years) and 93 older (63–76 years) adults. We tested whether decision-making differed between age groups and whether differences were mediated by cognitive abilities or processing noise as measured by reaction time variability and decision inconsistency. Older adults showed steeper delay discounting (p = .003) and trended towards more risk aversion for gains (p = .071). Age groups did not differ in risk seeking for losses or loss aversion. Lower decision consistency and better spatial working memory mediated older adults’ steeper delay discounting. The relationship between delay discounting and age persisted when controlling for both mediators, suggesting robust age differences in delay discounting. This persistent age difference implies mechanisms beyond noise or cognitive parameters, such as changing life circumstances or limited future perspective.
Physician Attitudes Towards Pharmacist-Prescribed HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): A Survey of a State Medical Association
Authors: Scarnati Kaylee , Esser Katherine L. , Sim Julianna M. , Vaidya Varun , Sahloff Eric , Duggan Joan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTimely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is crucial in preventing HIV infection and advancing efforts to end the HIV epidemic (EHE). nPEP must be administered within 72 h of high-risk exposure, ideally within 24 h. Pharmacies may play a role in increasing access to nPEP and facilitating referrals for additional care, such as PrEP. Recent legislation permits pharmacist-prescribed nPEP (PDP), though provider attitudes toward this change have not been studied. A survey querying physicians and medical trainees (students and residents) was conducted in 2024 during an annual state medical association conference. The survey included 24 questions on nPEP knowledge and attitudes towards pharmacist-prescribed nPEP (PDP). The survey was administered in person using electronic tablets, with voluntary participation incentivized by a monetary reward. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS (9.4 version) software, with differences in responses between physicians and trainees evaluated. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Of 89 respondents (56% of attendees), 61 were physicians and 28 were trainees. Notably, 28% of licensed providers indicated that pharmacist-directed prescribing (PDP) should not be allowed in the State of Ohio, while no trainees expressed this same opposition (p = 0.001). Trainees were more likely to view pharmacist prescribing as safe and appropriate ((p = 0.0135, p = 0.013). Urban-based providers were more supportive of pharmacist prescribing than their rural counterparts (p = 0.0195). Trainees showed little opposition to PDP, whereas physicians expressed concerns about safety and appropriateness. Addressing these concerns is essential for integrating pharmacists into the EHE strategy.
Introducing Dialectical Core Schemas Theory through Mediation Models
Authors: Faustino Bruno 
Published: December 2024

Abstract Contemporary schema theories state that schema formation relies on early maladaptive experiences regarding the frustration of core emotional needs in childhood and adolescence. However, within a broad schema perspective on human emotion and cognition, it is plausible to assume that individuals may also develop adaptive schemas based on adaptive relational experiences. Despite recent studies addressing positive schemas, a clear theoretical articulation between maladaptive and adaptive core schemas is lacking. In this sense, the present paper introduces the notion of the Dialectical Core Schemas, based on empirical data. One hundred and seventy-four participants (Mage = 22.6, SD = 9.4) fulfilled self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design. Correlational data showed that adaptive core self and other schemas were positively correlated with wellbeing, while maladaptive core self and other schemas were negatively correlated with wellbeing and positively correlated with symptomatology. Adaptive and maladaptive core self-schemas mediated the relationship between psychological well-being and symptomatology. Results partially support theoretical claims showing that individuals may hold simultaneously adaptive and maladaptive core schemas about the self and others. Oppositional schemas may be framed in dialectical poles suggesting that schema activation may be dimensional rather than categorical. Implications regarding developmental perspectives, case conceptualization, and clinical decision-making are discussed.
Rethinking chaîne opératoire beyond cognitivist approaches
Authors: Slaughter Katherine C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a reconsidered chaîne opératoire framework drawing on theories of embodied, extended, and enacted cognition. I investigate three hypotheses: (1) the chaîne opératoire framework (as it is used) takes a cognitivist approach to the mind, (2) technical tendencies and milieus can encompass and support modern theories of embodied, extended, enactive cognition, and (3) that by reconsidering these elements of the chaîne opératoire framework alongside contemporary theories of cognition we may re-envision a novel chaîne opératoire framework which takes a non-cognitivist approach. First, the development of chaîne opératoire and its uses are reviewed and analyzed for evidence of a cognitivist approach. Second, I argue that elements of the chaîne opératoire framework (technical tendencies and milieus) can and do support contemporary theories of cognition. Similar methods for connecting methodological frameworks with the phenomenological nature of human being such as Cognigrams and the Four-Field Co-Evolutionary approach are analyzed to provide context for this work. Following this, I outline a unique approach to the chaîne opératoire framework which accounts for theories of embodied, enacted, and extended cognition.
The linguistic dead zone of value-aligned agency, natural and artificial
Authors: LaCroix Travis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe value alignment problem for artificial intelligence (AI) asks how we can ensure that the “values”—i.e., objective functions—of artificial systems are aligned with the values of humanity. In this paper, I argue that linguistic communication is a necessary condition for robust value alignment. I discuss the consequences that the truth of this claim would have for research programmes that attempt to ensure value alignment for AI systems—or, more loftily, those programmes that seek to design robustly beneficial or ethical artificial agents.
Evaluation of unfractionated heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism using adjusted body weight in elderly or higher weight patients
Authors: Hopkins Arielle J. , Chau Terence , Pullinger Benjamin , Kim Sungwook , Delic Justin J. , Igneri Lauren A. , Kim Soyoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of weight-based unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions is the standard of care in hospital management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Initial dosing strategies for UFH in older adults and higher body weight patients remain uncertain given differences in pharmacokinetics and concerns for over-anticoagulation. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, pre-post study involving older adults aged ≥ 65 years and patients weighing ≥ 100 kg with suspected or confirmed VTE to determine if the use of adjusted body weight (AdjBW)-based UFH regimens improves time to therapeutic anti-Xa levels compared to total body weight (TBW)-based regimens Patients received weight-based UFH infusions, dosed according to either TBW or AdjBW, to target a therapeutic anti-Xa level. Each cohort consisted of 40 patients, stratified by whether they met age or weight criteria to ensure equal representation of elderly and higher body weight patients between cohorts. The median time to therapeutic anti-Xa levels was shorter in the AdjBW group compared to the TBW group (13.6 h versus 20.9 h; point estimate 5.3 h (95% CI 0.2 to 9.9)). This finding was driven by those aged ≥ 65 years and those who received a bolus dose at the start of the infusion. Among older adults and higher weight adults with suspected or confirmed VTE, the use of AdjBW to guide heparin infusion initiation was associated with shorter time to therapeutic anti-Xa levels. This finding driven by the older adult sample and the subgroup analyses did not find a statistically significant difference in time to therapeutic anti-Xa levels in higher body weight patients aged less than 65 years.
Graphical abstract
Organellar genome evolution in Ribes L.: hotspots of mutation, sequence transfer, codon usage, and phylogenetic context
Authors: Kłubowicz Karolina , Sawicki Jakub , Paukszto Łukasz , Ciborowski Kamil , Maździarz Mateusz , Krawczyk Katarzyna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRibes genus from the Grossulariaceae family, have been used in the food industry and for medicinal purposes for years. Despite the valuable medicinal values and the widespread occurrence of Ribes, many species remain understudied. One of these is the alpine currant Ribes alpinum L., which occurs natively in Europe. The study aimed to thoroughly understand and characterize the organelle genomes of R. alpinum, conduct their comparative analysis with available data for other representatives of Grossulariaceae and, in the case of the chloroplast genome, also with Saxifraga insolens Irmsch., a representative of the closely related Saxifragaceae family. The analysis of plastome interspecific variation revealed several hotspots of variation which could be useful as potential phylogenetic markers or specific DNA barcodes. The phenomenon of sequence transfer between the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes and the relative synonymous codon usage between the plastome and mitogenome were also analyzed. A phylogenetic inference based on the chloroplast genome sequence questioned earlier reports of a close relationship of R. alpinum to R. rubrum and confirmed its affiliation with an early-diverged phylogenetic line together with R. fasciculatum. Analysis of hotspots of variation in chloroplast genome allowed us to indicate petN-psbM and trnS-trnG as high-utility barcode sequences, competitive with standard barcodes and the ycf1 gene.
Assessing sleep metrics in stroke survivors: a comparison between objective and subjective measures
Authors: Lo Temmy L. T. , Leung Ian C. H. , Leung Lydia L. W. , Chan Paul P. Y. , Ho Rainbow T. H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Stroke survivors are at risk of sleep disturbance, which can be reflected in discrepancies between objective and subjective sleep measures. Given there are limited studies on this phenomenon and using portable monitoring devices is more convenient for stroke survivors to monitor their sleep, this study aimed to compare objectively measured (Belun Ring) and subjectively reported (sleep diary) sleep metrics (total sleep time (TST) and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO)) in stroke survivors.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, thirty-five participants wore a ring-shaped pulse oximeter (Belun Ring) and kept a sleep diary for three consecutive nights in one week. The effects of various factors on TST and WASO were analyzed by linear mixed models. Systematic bias between two measures was examined by the Bland-Altman analysis.

Results
TST and WASO were significantly affected by measures (p <.001), but not night. TST was significantly lower and WASO was significantly higher in the Belun Ring than in the sleep diary (p <.05). Age was the only covariate that had a significant effect on WASO (p <.05). The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated positive bias in TST (29.55%; 95% CI [16.57%, 42.53%]) and negative bias in WASO (-117.35%; 95% CI [-137.65%, -97.06%]). Proportional bias was exhibited in WASO only (r =.31, p <.05).

Conclusion
The findings revealed discrepancies between objective and subjective sleep measures in stroke survivors. It is recommended that objective measures be included when assessing and monitoring their sleep conditions.
The association between force–velocity profiles and the parameters from the 3-min all-out running test in university level soccer players
Authors: Sutcliffe Duncan Peter , Kramer Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the relationship between force–velocity (FV) profiles and parameters obtained from the 3-min all-out running test (3MT) to uncover essential connections for enhancing athletic training methodologies in university-level male soccer players.

Methods
Forty-nine athletes (age: 19.26 ± 1.17 years) voluntarily participated in this investigation, undergoing assessments of fitness by completing the 3MT and a 40-m sprint test.

Results
D′ exhibited moderate correlations with high-speed parameters such as v0 (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), T40-m (r = − 0.48, p < 0.001) and the functional speed reserve (FSR) (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). The FSR yielded the strongest capacity for predicting D′ (β = 38, adj-R2 = 0.38, p < 0.001). Positional differences were only evident for maximal sprint speed between forward and midfield players (Mdiff = 0.41 m/s, p = 0.007), but not for other 3MT or FV parameters. Maximal horizontal sprinting speed rather than maximal horizontal sprinting force (F0) significantly mapped on to the speed–time curve of the 3MT (r > 0.60, p = 0.031).

Conclusion
Our findings shed light on the complex interplay between anaerobic performance parameters, high-speed running, and endurance capacity within the framework of D′. Evidence concerning enhancements in D′ presents greater ambiguity compared to improving CS but imply that D′ is, on the one hand, contextually dependent on maximal speed parameters, and on the other, comprised of parameters that are likely more aerobic in nature. For training, players should be clustered according to performance metrics (e.g., FSR, CS) rather than positional group.
Re-examining the effect of wage delegation: a replication study of Charness et al. (2012)
Authors: Niehoff Hendrik , Schreck Philipp 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExperimental research has explored the effects of wage delegation on employee performance, with the pioneering attempt by (Charness et al., Am Econ Rev 102:2358–2379, 2012) in “The Hidden Advantage of Delegation: Pareto Improvements in a Gift Exchange Game”, published in the American Economic Review. We conducted a replication of their experiment for two main reasons: first, to validate the original findings that have influenced subsequent research, and second, to examine whether these results hold in contexts with reduced social proximity between workers and employers, a relevant issue due to the rise of remote work. Our online experiment, involving 410 participants, followed the original study’s design but used a different sample. We successfully replicated the main finding that wage delegation increases employee effort, though the effect was smaller and largely due to employees granting themselves higher wages. These results support the notion that with decreasing social proximity, formal controls increase in importance.
Automated Text Message–Based Program to Improve Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Primary Care Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bressman Eric , Profka Klea , Norton Laurie , Clark Kayla , Mahraj Katy , Walker Zakiya , Reid-Bey Leslie , Girard Anthony , Rareshide Charles , Xu Lin , Zhu Jingsan , Putt Mary , Volpp Kevin G. , Morgan Anna U. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Suboptimal control of BP is common, although safe and effective treatments are widely available. Conventional management relies on office visits, but this can be an inefficient path to medication optimization.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of an intensive, 6-month remote BP management program among patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

Design
A two-arm randomized clinical trial which ran from January to July 2023 at two primary care practices with an in-clinic BP measurement at the end of the intervention.

Participants
Established adult patients (ages 21–80) of study practices with uncontrolled hypertension (two measurements > 140/90 in the prior 12 months) and an active prescription for at least one anti-hypertensive agent.

Intervention
Participants received automated text messages prompting them to check their BP weekly for 6 months. An RN and APP monitored BP data entered by the participant. The automated platform escalated any out-of-normal range readings or needs to the program staff.

Main Measures
The primary outcome was change in SBP from baseline to the end-of-study measurement. Enrollment and engagement measures were collected for the intervention arm.

Key Results
Of the 300 participants, the mean (SD) age was 63 (± 12.2) years; 133 (44.3%) were male and 167 (55.7%) were female; 154 (51.5%) self-identified as Black and 120 (40.1%) White; and 119 (39.7%) were insured by Medicare and 41 (13.7%) by Medicaid. The change in SBP at 6 months among those who completed the end-of-study measurement was − 14.66 mmHg (95% CI − 19.95, − 9.36) in the intervention arm and − 10.87 mmHg (95% CI − 18.04, − 3.69) in the control arm (p = 0.39). Within the intervention arm, 97 participants (64.7%) completed all enrollment steps, and these participants submitted BPs 72.8% of the weeks. Participants in the intervention arm had a greater number of medication changes (0.81 vs 0.57 in the control arm, p = 0.01) over the study period.

Conclusions
In this randomized clinical trial of a 6-month automated text messaging program, there was no significant difference in the change in SBP among participants in each arm.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05571410.
The persistence of social inequality in adult mortality in rural Spain, death cohorts 1546–1940
Authors: Marco-Gracia Francisco J. , Luque de Haro Víctor A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses social inequality in adult mortality in rural Aragon (Spain) between the mid-sixteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. It draws on individual-level microdata for more than 19,000 individuals, whose socioeconomic status, age at death, and other family, cultural, and environmental characteristics are documented. Using funeral wills as an indicator of social status up to the late eighteenth century, and occupational records from that point onward, and employing event history analysis, it tracks all individuals from 17 villages who died after reaching the age of seven, encompassing their complete life histories. This study allows for the verification of persistent social inequalities in mortality in rural Spain from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-twentieth century, contrasting with findings from northern European countries, where such differences only emerged from the late nineteenth or early twentieth century onward. Our results indicate that these disparities in adult mortality by socioeconomic status were especially pronounced during periods of poor harvests, affecting both men and women.
Das Gefühl der Bildung
Authors: Kratz Marian 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Anhand einer ausgewählten Interviewsequenz, die zwischen zwei Lehramtsstudierenden sonderpädagogischer Fachrichtungen entstanden ist, wird im Beitrag zur Diskussion gestellt, dass auch die Bearbeitung des emotionalen Erlebens der eigenen Schulzeit zum Berufswunsch Förderschullehrkraft führen kann, bei dem allerdings Aspekte der Wissens- und Normvermittlung verloren gehen und Grenzlinien zwischen Sozialer Arbeit und Sonderpädagogik empfindlich verschwimmen können. Problematisiert wird dies vor dem Hintergrund der Anforderung an multiprofessionelle Kooperationen, die aktuell vor allem im Kontext der inklusiven Schulentwicklung und dem Ausbau der Ganztagsschulen praktisch gefordert und fachlich diskutiert werden. Der Beitrag dreht dabei zunächst die bekannte Frage nach einer Bildung der Gefühle um und beleuchtet so die Macht der Emotionen, die im Kontext der formalen Bildungsinstitution Schule erlebt wird – Wenn der Ernst des Lebens beginnt.
Prospective study of once-daily accelerated partial breast irradiation using 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy for Japanese women: 12-year outcomes, toxicity, and cosmesis
Authors: Takahashi Kana , Kagami Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Morota Madoka , Murakami Naoya , Nakamura Satoshi , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Nagao Ayaka , Sakuramachi Madoka , Kashihara Tairo , Kaneda Tomoya , Inaba Koji , Okuma Kae , Nakayama Yuko , Itami Jun , Igaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To analyze in a prospective study the long-term safety and efficacy of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for Japanese women with early breast cancer.

Methods
Breast cancer patients with pathological tumor size ≤ 3 cm, age ≥ 20 years, lumpectomy with at least a 5 mm margin, and ≤ 3 positive axillary nodes were eligible. APBI was delivered by 3D-CRT at a dose of 38.5 Gy in 10 fractions over 10 days. The primary endpoints were the frequency and severity of acute and late radiation toxicities, and secondary endpoints were local control, survival, and cosmesis. The sample size was determined based on the incidence of ≥ grade 3 acute and late radiation toxicities, which required 71 enrollments.

Results
Between 2008 and 2010, 73 patients enrolled in this trial. Twelve patients (16%) had 1–3 lymph node metastases. At a median follow-up of 12.6 years (range: 2.7–13.9 years), there were no cases of grade ≥ 3 acute or late toxicity. There were 4 ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) events: 12-year IBTR incidence was 4.4%. The difference in the incidence of IBTR between node-negative and node-positive patients was marginal (1.9% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.055). The majority of patients (94.4% at 2 years, 89.3% at 10 years after enrollment) had excellent/good cosmesis.

Conclusions
APBI delivered with 3D-CRT is a feasible treatment option for Asian females, but it was indicated that node-positive status might increase IBTR risk.