bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilising brewer’s spent grain as a cost-effective feed formula for sustainable house cricket (Acheta domesticus) rearing
Authors: Taesuk N. , Upan J. , Siriamornpun S. , Bunphan D. , Sangkaew M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) as a cost-effective alternative to soybean meal in the diets of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) to enhance sustainable cricket rearing. BSG, a by-product of the brewing industry, was chosen due to its local availability and high protein content (38%). Here, the impacts of varying levels of BSG substitution (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) on the growth performance, nutrient utilisation, chemical composition, and volatile compound profiles of crickets over a 45-day period was assessed. Crickets were reared under controlled conditions and divided into five groups, each receiving one of the experimental diets. Growth performance parameters, including body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio, were measured. Chemical analysis of the crickets and their diets was conducted, focusing on protein efficiency ratio, apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD), and nitrogen retention. Volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Crickets fed BSG diets exhibited higher protein deposition and lower fat content compared to those on a commercial diet, suggesting BSG’s potential to improve protein quality while reducing fat accumulation. ADMD was also higher in BSG-fed crickets, likely due to the prebiotic effects of components such as β-glucans and arabinoxylans. Additionally, the inclusion of BSG up to 30% in cricket diets reduced production costs by up to 29% compared to a commercial diet. Volatile compound analysis revealed that crickets fed BSG diets produced different odour profiles, with 2-heptanone, a compound with a fruity aroma, detected only in BSG-fed crickets. These findings suggest that BSG is a viable and sustainable ingredient for cricket feed, offering both economic and nutritional benefits while also influencing the sensory characteristics of crickets. Further research is recommended to optimise BSG inclusion levels and explore its broader applications in insect and animal farming.
Death, Burial, and Commemoration in 19th- and Early–20th Century British ‘Lunatic Asylum’ and ‘Mental Hospital’ Cemeteries
Authors: Farrow Thomas J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century, ‘lunatic asylums’ and ‘mental hospitals’ in Britain were legally obliged to provide for the burial of deceased patients whose remains were not reclaimed by relatives or guardians. While burial in local churchyards and cemeteries was idealised in administrative guidance, burial frequently took place in onsite asylum cemeteries instead. Due to their poor historic documentation, these spaces and practices have not been readily foregrounded within existing literature and have received only limited scholarly address. In the present paper, a broad range of documentary and material evidence will be presented, correlated, and thematically arranged, facilitating for the first time a sustained review and interrogation of these spaces and practices. This will contextualise further enquiry into the historic emotional significance of these sites and practices, employing theoretical lenses of ‘remembering’ and ‘forgetting’ in relation to the navigation of grief, memory, and complicated loss. This paper will thereby demonstrate how novel multidisciplinary research methodologies – further to facilitating the reconstruction of understudied spaces and practices in the history of psychiatry – can also be used to gain insight into the emotional histories of marginalised populations of the past, many of whom are under-represented in fragmentary and authoritatively authored historic documentary records.
Primary Modes of Northern Hemisphere Snowfall Particle Size Distributions
Authors: King Fraser , Pettersen Claire , Dolan Brenda , Shates Julia , Posselt Derek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of snowfall microphysics is crucial for enhancing the accuracy of remote sensing snowfall retrievals. However, variations in regional and seasonal snow particle size distributions (PSDs) contribute substantial uncertainty. Here, we examine snowfall PSDs from across the Northern Hemisphere, applying principal component analysis (PCA) to disdrometer observations with the aim of identifying dominant modes of variability across varying regional climates. The PCA revealed three empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) that account for a combined 95% of the variability across the dataset, which are attributed to latent linear embeddings of snowfall intensity (EOF1), snowfall character (EOF2), and snowfall regime (EOF3). Examining point clusters with the highest combined EOF values reveals six distinct modes of variability [i.e., principal component (PC) groups] with unique PSD traits. These groups are then correlated with environmental factors using data from collocated vertically pointing radar, surface meteorology, and reanalysis to assist in assigning physical attributes. The first and second PC groups, linked to EOF1’s intensity embedding, are described by their PSD intercepts, snowfall rates, and reflectivity and Doppler velocity values, representing low- and high-intensity snowfall modes, respectively. The third and fourth PC groups, associated with EOF2’s character embedding, are defined by temperature, fall speed, and density, indicative of cold, fluffy snowfall and warm, dense snowfall, respectively. The fifth and sixth PC groups, related to EOF3’s regime embedding, are distinguished by their PSD slope, snowfall rate, and reflectivity profiles, signifying shallow, weak convective systems with small particles and deep, stratiform snowfall events with large aggregates, respectively.

Significance Statement
This research enhances our understanding of varying snow particle size distributions in the Northern Hemisphere, offering valuable new insights for improving future remote sensing–based snowfall retrieval algorithms. Using a statistical technique called principal component analysis, we found that 95% of the variability in observed snowfall could be explained by three primary features: how intense the snowfall is, how dense the particles are, and the depth of the storm. We identified six unique snowfall groups, each with its own set of traits, such as the snow being light and fluffy, or heavy and packed. By linking these traits to external environmental observations, we can better understand the driving physical mechanisms within each group.
How Do Model Biases Affect Large-Scale Teleconnections That Control Southwest U.S. Precipitation? Part II: Seasonal Models
Authors: Peings Y. , Dong C. , Magnusdottir G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We explore the skill in predicting southwest United States (SWUS) October–March precipitation and associated large-scale teleconnections in an ensemble of hindcasts from seasonal prediction systems. We identify key model biases that degrade the models’ capability to predict SWUS precipitation. The subtropical jet in the Pacific sector is generally too zonal and elongated. This is reflected in the models’ North Pacific ENSO teleconnections that are generally too weak with exaggerated northwest–southeast tilt, compared to observations. Also, the models are too dependent on tropical, El Niño–like, wave train anomalies for producing high seasonal SWUS precipitation, when in observations there is a larger influence of zonal Rossby wave trains such as the one observed in 2016/17. Overall, this is consistent with biases in the basic-flow-inducing errors in the propagation of zonal wave trains in the North Pacific, which affects SWUS precipitation downstream. Although higher skill may be gained from reducing mean flow biases in the models, a case study of the 2016/17 winter illustrates the great challenge behind skillful seasonal prediction of SWUS precipitation. Unsurprisingly, the almost record-breaking precipitation observed that year in the absence of ENSO is not predicted in the hindcasts, and model perturbation experiments suggest that even a perfect prediction of tropical sea surface temperature and tropical atmospheric variability would not have sufficed to produce a reasonable seasonal precipitation prediction. On a more positive note, our perturbation experiments suggest a potential role for Arctic variability that supports findings from prior studies and suggests reexamining high-latitude drivers of SWUS precipitation.
Several components of postural control are affected by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo but improve after particle-repositioning maneuvers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pauwels Sara , Casters Laura , Meyns Pieter , Lemkens Nele , Lemmens Winde , Meijer Kenneth , van de Berg Raymond , Spildooren Joke 
Published: November 2024

Objective Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is a vestibular disorder causing vertigo and imbalance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the impact of benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo and repositioning maneuvers on postural control. Data Sources In September 2024, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched. Articles comparing measures of postural control between patients and controls, and/or pre- and posttreatment were considered relevant. Methods Study selection, data extraction and identification of risk of bias were done by two researchers. If possible, meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager version 5.4.1 and standardized mean differences were calculated with a random-effects model. Results Twenty-one of the 37 included studies were useful for meta-analyses. Meta-analyses revealed that benign paroxysmal positional vertigo negatively affects perception of verticality (p < .001; SMD = 0.73; 95% CI = [0.39;1.08]) and sensory orientation (p < .001; SMD = −1.66; 95% CI = [−2.08, −1.23]). The perception of verticality (p < .001; SMD = 0.99; 95% CI = [0.76;1.21]) and sensory orientation (p < .001; SMD = −0.77; 95% CI = [−1.11, −0.44]) improved after treatment with repositioning maneuvers. Results of systematic review indicate stability in gait was impaired, vertigo but improve after repositioning maneuvers. Limits of stability were impaired in older patients, but did not improved after repositioning maneuvers. Conclusion Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo affects several underlying components of postural control. Repositioning maneuvers can significantly improve the related postural control impairments. This may partly explain the increased odds of falling in these patients, and the positive treatment effect of repositioning maneuvers on falls and fear of falling.
Isolated Limb Infusion as First, Second, or Third or Later-Line Therapy for Metastatic In-Transit Melanoma
Authors: Boby Aleena , Dugan Michelle M. , Ghali Helana , Aflatooni Shaliz , DePalo Danielle K. , Fan Wenyi , Zager Jonathan S. 
Published: November 2024

Background Ten percent of patients with melanoma develop in-transit metastases (ITM). Isolated limb infusion (ILI) is a well-established therapy for unresectable ITM on the extremities, but the ideal sequencing/line of therapy of ILI has not been defined. This study evaluates ILI as first-line, second-line, or third or later-line therapy. Methods A retrospective review included all patients with unresectable ITM who underwent ILI from 2006-2023. Results A total of 130 patients were identified, 61% female, median age of 71 (31-89) years. Median follow-up was 37.5 months. ILI was first-line therapy in 80% (n = 104), second-line in 15% (n = 19), and third or later-line in 5.4% (n = 7). Overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rates for ILI as any line of therapy were 74% and 41%, respectively. ORR for ILI as first, second, or third or later-line therapy were 78%, 63%, and 57%, respectively. CR rates for ILI as first, second, or third or later-line therapy were 42%, 37%, and 43%, respectively. There were no significant differences in ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, or disease-free survival between therapy lines. Median PFS for ILI as first, second, or third or later-line therapy were 6.9, 5.4, and 18 months, respectively. Conclusion Patients responded well to ILI, whether or not they received previous therapies for unresectable ITM. First-line ILI appears to have a better ORR than later lines of ILI. Although sample size limited statistical significance, there was a 21% improvement in ORR when ILI was used as first-line vs third-line therapy, which is clinically meaningful. ILI is effective for unresectable melanoma ITM and can be used as salvage therapy.
Challenges and Recommendations for Improving Cancer Research and Practice in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study With Multi-Stakeholders in Oncology Research and Practice
Authors: Oluwasanu Mojisola M , Adejumo Prisca O , Sun Yijia , Onwuka Chidera , Ntekim Atara , Awolude Olutosin A , Aniagwu Toyin I , Kotila Olayinka A , Brown Biobele J , Ogbole Godwin I , Dzekem Bonaventure S , Ajani Olufadekemi , Huo Dezheng , Babalola Chinedum P , Ojengbede Oladosu , Hammad Nazik , Olopade Olufunmilayo I 
Published: November 2024

Background Cancers, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, constitute a leading public health problem in Nigeria. As the burden of cancer in Nigeria increases, research and quality service delivery remain critical strategies for improved cancer control across the continuum of care. This study contextualizes the challenges and gaps in oncology research and practice in Nigeria, and presents recommendations to address the gaps. Methods This qualitative study was conducted among interprofessional and interdisciplinary stakeholders in oncology healthcare practice and research in academic settings, between July and September 2021. Key-informant interviews were held with six stakeholders and leaders in nursing, pharmacy, and medicine across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria, and twenty-four in-depth interviews with early- or mid-career researchers or healthcare professionals involved in cancer prevention and treatment were conducted. The data were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach and coded using the NVIVO 12 software. Results Five sub-themes were identified as major challenges to oncology research, including poor funding, excessive workload, interprofessional rivalry, weak collaboration, and denial of cancer diagnosis by patients. Challenges identified for oncology practice were poor governance and financing, high costs of oncology treatments, poor public awareness of cancer, workforce shortage, and interprofessional conflicts. Recommended strategies for addressing these challenges were improved financing of oncology research and practice by government and relevant stakeholders, increasing interest of medical, nursing, and pharmaceutical students in oncology research through curricula-based approach and mentorship, increased oncology workforce, and improved intra- and inter-professional collaboration. Conclusion These data highlight the challenges and barriers in oncology practice and research in Nigeria, and underscore the urgent need for increased investments in infrastructure to provide interdisciplinary and interprofessional research training for high-quality care. Only then can Nigeria effectively tackle the current and impending cancer burden in the country.
Harnessing nanostructures and fiber architecture: A synergistic leap in shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Tiwari Nilesh , Kumar Krishna , Pandel Upender 
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the synergistic effects of carbon fiber orientation and nanostructure reinforcement across 21 configurations of shape memory polymer composites. It examines uni-directional (UD), bi-directional Twill (BDT), and bi-directional Plain (BDP) fiber architectures, along with varying concentrations of MWCNT and GnP at 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%. The fabrication process involves initially preparing nanostructure-modified epoxy nanocomposites through ultrasonication followed by hand layup techniques to fabricate three-phase shape memory polymer composites. Optimal tensile performance is observed in GnP-modified UD composites at a 0.6 wt% concentration, achieving a tensile strength of 728.32 MPa and a modulus of 71.29 GPa. Furthermore, enhancements in thermomechanical and shape memory properties are noted in GnP-modified BDT composites and are further improved in GnP-modified BDP composite configurations. GnP-modified composites outperform MWCNT ones due to GnP’s sheet structure aligning parallel to the load and its larger surface area, which facilitate enhanced interaction with the matrix. These improvements, supported by FESEM analysis, highlight enhanced interfacial bonding and result in high shape recovery ratios, with all configurations exceeding 90%, despite polymer modification.
Effects of the Mental Health Law on Peruvian Primary Care Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Flores-Cohaila Javier A , Garcia-Portocarrero Peter , Saldaña-Amaya Deysi A , Herrera-Escobar Fabricio , Guivar-Cajusol Josue Y , Villarreal-Trujillo Henry Ricardo , Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Miranda-Chavez Brayan 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the level of knowledge of primary care physicians in Lambayeque, Peru, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 106 primary care physicians in Lambayeque, Peru. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing Major Depressive Disorder diagnosis and treatment knowledge. Physicians’ knowledge levels were categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excellent. Poisson regression models were employed to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge. Results: The response rate was 81.21%. Only 36.79% of physicians demonstrated adequate knowledge, with none achieving excellent knowledge. The median score was 6 (IQR: 5-7). Mental health training, which may reflect the new law’s implementation, was significantly associated with higher knowledge levels (PR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.02 to 5.10). Other factors were not significantly associated with knowledge levels. Conclusions: The proportion of primary care physicians with adequate Major Depressive Disorder knowledge has doubled since 2014, indicating a positive effect of the mental health law. However, to increase this number, continuous professional development programs are needed.
How Community Health Workers can Address Tobacco Dependence of High-Risk patients: A Qualitative Analysis of the Unique Training Needs of Community Health Workers
Authors: Huard Clarissa , Villacis Alvarez Enrique , Veluz-Wilkins Anna , Garcia Sierra Andres Mauricio , Tan Marcia 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Communities with low socioeconomic status have disproportionately high rates of tobacco use, and community health workers (CHWs) have an increasing role in delivering tobacco cessation interventions. However, existing tobacco cessation trainings are not appropriate for the CHW model of care. The aim of this study was to identify training needs of CHWs to develop a tailored tobacco cessation curriculum to help them effectively serve their high-risk patients. Incorporating results of a previously conducted needs assessment survey, we developed a preliminary outline of a tobacco cessation training curriculum that was specific to the CHW experience. Methods Participants (N = 14) discussed their impressions of (a) the training content, (b) the unique needs of patients seen by CHWs, and (c) tailoring to the CHW care model. We conducted virtual qualitative interviews and focus groups with stakeholders (i.e., managers/directors of CHW programs) and CHWs, respectively, to obtain feedback on training, as well as a sample 2-hour training schedule and curriculum. Two independent coders analyzed the data using the Framework method. Results Two overarching themes emerged: the need for strategies to (a) personalize treatment to each high-risk patient and (b) increase and maintain patient motivation. CHWs also reported the need for specific language to engage patients who were not ready to quit. Conclusion A tailored training might focus on motivational interviewing, including how to personalize treatment to the patient’s experiences, and role-playing scenarios with scenes on how to flexibly support patients who are overburdened and unmotivated.
Exploring the relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome, testosterone, and multiple sclerosis in women: A nationwide cohort study and genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Cesta Carolyn E , Liu Qianwen , Kingwell Elaine , Stridh Pernilla , Shchetynsky Klementy , Olsson Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Jiang Xia , Manouchehrinia Ali 
Published: November 2024

Background: Women have a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially due to hormonal factors. Elevated testosterone levels, common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), might influence MS risk. Objective: To investigate the relationship between PCOS, as a proxy for elevated testosterone levels, and MS risk through phenotypic and genomic analysis. Methods: Cox regression models analysed the association between PCOS and MS risk. The genome-wide cross-trait analysis examined the genetic architecture. Results: In a Swedish cohort of 1,374,529 women, 77 (0.3%) with PCOS and 3,654 (0.3%) without PCOS were diagnosed with MS. After adjusting for birth year and obesity, no association was found between PCOS and MS ( HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.72–1.15), which was confirmed by Mendelian randomization analysis, where genetically predicted PCOS propensity, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), or testosterone levels did not causally affect MS risk (all p-values > 0.05). By exploring horizontal pleiotropy, we identified shared genetic regions and 19 independent pleiotropic SNPs for SHBG with MS and 11 for testosterone with MS. Conclusion: We did not find evidence for a causal role of PCOS, as a proxy of elevated testosterone, in reducing the risk of MS in women. The shared genetic loci between testosterone, SHBG, and MS provide biological insights.
McArdle sign and neck flexion-induced change in central motor conduction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hoffman E Matthew , Brown Lucille , Jolliffe Evan , Sechi Elia , Harmsen William S , Schilaty Nathan D , Weinshenker Brian G 
Published: November 2024

Background: Rapidly reversible weakness with neck flexion (McArdle sign) is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathophysiology is unknown. Objective: To evaluate changes in central motor conduction time (CMCT) in patients with and without McArdle sign. Methods: We measured McArdle sign with a torque cell and CMCT with neck flexed and extended in patients with MS, other causes of myelopathy, and healthy controls. Results: CMCT was prolonged with neck flexion disproportionately in those with MS-associated myelopathy (MSAM) with prominent McArdle sign compared to MS patients with lesser degrees of McArdle sign, and to controls. Conclusion: McArdle sign may result from stretch-induced slowing of conduction due to demyelination.