bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-contained on-chip fluid actuation for flow initiation in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Menon Vivek , Denoual Matthieu , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi , Fujita Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy enable the observation of liquid samples with nanometer resolution, but sample activity must often be triggered via external stimuli including liquid flow and mixing. Existing devices enable flow using specialized TEM holders and external pumping setups which limits technique accessibility. Here, a liquid cell with integrated MEMS valves and pumps is demonstrated with flow capabilities using an electrical-contact holder. On-chip electrochemical pumps and capillary burst valves allow for the injection of fluid from an integrated reservoir into an observation chamber using only electrical signals from a general microchip-sized TEM holder.
Elevated frequencies of total and MAIT cell subsets in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhao Ding , Zhong Wei , Han Dongfeng , Li Yingbo , Jiang Yanfang , Gu Guishan 
Published: August 2019

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage, with concomitant changes in the synovium and subchondral bone. Recently, the inflammatory response and involvement of several types of T-cells has been implicated in the development of OA. This study investigated the frequency of MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in patients with knee OA.

Methods
Forty-five patients recently diagnosed with knee OA and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Percentages of circulating MAIT cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using cytometric bead arrays. Associations between the percentages of MAIT cells, plasma cytokine levels, and clinical parameters of OA (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.

Results
The percentages of total, CD8αα, and CD8αβ MAIT cells were higher in patients with OA compared to healthy controls. The percentages of total and CD8αα MAIT cells were higher in patients with multi-joint OA (MOA) compared to patients with knee-only OA (KOA). Plasma IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were elevated in patients with OA compared to healthy controls, and there was a positive correlation between plasma IFN-γ levels and the percentages of total, CD8αα, and CD8αβ MAIT cells. Plasma IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were higher in patients with MOA compared to healthy controls or patients with KOA. There were positive correlations between the percentages of total and CD8αα MAIT cells and clinical parameters (ESR and WOMAC scores) in patients with OA or MOA. Binary logistic regression analysis shown the frequency of MAIT cells was associated with the risk of OA.

Conclusions
MAIT cells and their subpopulations were significantly increased in patients with OA and have potential as biological markers of OA disease severity, especially in patients with MOA.
Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep under barn feeding on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau
Authors: Liu Hongjin , Xu Tianwei , Xu Shixiao , Ma Li , Han Xueping , Wang Xungang , Zhang Xiaoling , Hu Linyong , Zhao Na , Chen Yongwei , Pi Li , Zhao Xinquan 
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to research the effects of different dietary concentrate to forage (C:F) ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacteria diversity of barn feeding Tibetan sheep. The experiment contains fiver treatments (HS1, HS2 HS3, HS4 and HS5;n = 8, respectively) based on dietary C:F ratios 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, and 60:40, respectively. The ruminal bacterial community structure was investigated through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in V4 hypervariable region. The results showed that increasing dietary concentrate feed level from 0% to 60% exerted a positive effect on DMI, BW gain, gain rate and feed conversation ratio (FCR) in Tibetan sheep. The increases dietary concentrate feed level elevatedNH3-N, propionate and valerate concentrations, whereas, reduced molar ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P ratio) (P < 0.05). For rumen bacterial diversity, increases in dietary concentrate content contributed to lower alpha diversity indexes including Shannon wiener, Chao1 and observed species, meanwhile, significantly increased the abundances of the phylumBacteroidetesand the genusPrevotella_1(P < 0.05). In conclusion, increases dietary concentrate content improved the growth performance and Tibetan sheep fed diets of 45% concentrate obtained a better performance; the inclusion of concentrate in feed changed rumen fermentation from acetate fermentation to propionate fermentation, and improved the energy utilization efficiency of Tibetan sheep; the increased in concentrate content significantly reduced rumen bacteria diversity and changed the abundance of some core bacteria.
Entombed Epigraphy and Commemorative Culture in Early Medieval China: A History of Early Muzhiming. By Timothy M. Davis
Authors: Ditter Alexei K. 
Published: August 2019

Entombed Epigraphy and Commemorative Culture in Early Medieval China: A History of Early
Muzhiming. By Timothy M. Davis. Studies in the History of Chinese Texts, vol. 6. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Pp. xiv + 414. €125, $162.
Industrialisation Scenario at Sreepur of Gazipur, Bangladesh and Physico-chemical Properties of Wastewater Discharged from Industries
Authors: Hossain Md. Billal , Islam Md. Nurul , Alam Mohammad Shamsul , Hossen Md. Zakir 
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to explore the present trend and pattern of industrial growth with spatial distribution of industries and seasonal extent of physicochemical characteristics of wastewater at Sreepur of Gazipur, Bangladesh. The wastewater samples were collected from 5 locations in three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and dry season. A total of 120 medium to large industries were surveyed, among those 52 were in red category, 53 were in orange-B category, 13 were in orange-A and only 2 were in green category. In 1995, there were only three industries, which gradually increased to a total of 29 in 2005. Among them, 11 were in red category and 18 were in orange-B category. But from 2006-2010, a total 59 industries were developed and most of them were in red and orange-B categories. Similarly, during the period of 2011 to March 2013, a total 16 industries were developed, among them 8 industries were in red and 3 were in orange-B category. Major types of wastewater discharging industries were textile, dyeing, washing and printing. Among the surveyed industries about 33% didn’t have any effluent treatment plant (ETP). The mean value of pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD and TDS of wastewater were 7.28, 2.64, 1.62 mg L-1, 82.0 mg L-1, 217.31 mg L-1 and 1380 mg L-1, respectively during pre-monsoon; 6.7, 1.15, trace, 8.0 mg L-1, 152.4 mg L-1 and 539.58 mg L-1, respectively during monsoon and 7.7, 1.82, 0.74 mg L-1, 48.8 mg L-1, 204.8 mg L-1 and 993.6 mg L-1, respectively during dry season. Average DO concentrations in all seasons and sites were significantly low, while BOD and COD contents were higher in pre-monsoon and dry seasons than the DoE permissible limit. The study concluded that the area is now a hub of polluting industries which are mostly liable to pollute the surrounding environment.
Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts
Authors: Umar M. , Nkemelu C. P. , Sagir M. R. , Mohammed S. Y. , Ajiya G. K. , Mohammed I. B. , Yaya A. A. , Kigbu A. A. , Ojo S. A. , Abdulkarim I. M. , Tafinta I. Y. , Amuta I. C. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: The phytochemical screening, antibacterial activities and in vivo toxicity of extracts of the leaves of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) were investigated.
Methods: All the analyses were carried out using standard scientific procedures using Soxhlet extraction, well-diffusion agar antimicrobial testing and in vivo acute toxicity testing.
Results: The phytochemical analysis according to standard screening tests using conventional protocols revealed the presence of anthraquinone, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids, which were detected in methanol extract analyzed. But, flavonoids, glycosides, phlobatannins and steroids were not detected in the methanol extracts analyzed. While only flavonoids were detected in chloroform extract. All other phytochemicals were absent. The extract fractions generally exhibited slight antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhi and Escherichia coli. But, the extracts showed no effect against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration of O. gratissimum was determined with S. aureus and B. cereus recording MICs at the lowest concentration (12.5 mg/mL) of the methanol and chloroform extracts used. While methanol and chloroform extracts were found to have recorded moderate activity S. Typhi and E. coli at the MIC of 50mg/mL. The methanol and chloroform extract recorded MBC of 50 mg/mL on B. subtilis and S. Typhi. However, Salmonella Typhi was inhibited at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of chloroform scent leaf extract. The MICs of C. albicans were not determined in the methanol and chloroform scent leaf extracts analyzed. The in vivo toxicity of O. gratissimum extracts against albino rats revealed that the plant extracts were found to exhibit mild toxicity at higher doses, but the overall remark showed that the plant extract was safe at various concentrations.
Conclusions: The plant can be used in the treatment of various diseases caused by the test microbes, and the plant has less toxicity when administered orally.
Biochemical and Molecular Studies on the Role of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Extract in Reducing Liver and Kidney Toxicity Due to Etoposide in Male Rats
Authors: Almakhatreh Majd , Hafez Ezar , Tousson Ehab , Masoud Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Etoposide (Vepesid) is chemotherapeutic drugs that inhibit topoisomerase II activity and long been used for treatment of human malignancies, where it is a semi-synthetic compound derived from the plant Podophyllum peltatum. The current study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of rosemary extract against Etoposide -induced changes in liver and kidney functions, and DNA damage in rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with rosemary, 3rd group was received etoposide, and 4th & 5th groups was co- and post treated groups respectively).
Results: The administration of Etoposide revealed a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, urea, potassium ions, chloride ions, and DNA damage. In contrast; a significant decrease in albumen, total proteins, sodium ions, and calcium ions were when compared with control group. This increased in ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, urea, potassium ions, chloride ions, and DNA damage was reduced after administration of rosemary when co-treated with etoposide (G4), or post-treated after etoposide (G5) for four weeks with lowest damage in G4. Also, this decreased in albumen, total proteins, sodium ions, and calcium ions was increased after administration of rosemary when co-treated with etoposide (G4), or post-treated after etoposide (G5) for four weeks with lowest damage in G4.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that rosemary has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for protective the liver and kidney toxicity induced by etoposide (Vepesid) chemotherapy.
Seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum Infection among Cohorts of Pregnant Women Attending a Selected Hospital at Northern Nigeria
Authors: Jakheng S. P. E. , Umar M. , Longkat K. A. , Oko J. O. , Ojeleye F. S. , Kigbu Amos A. , Kutman N. A. , Ojo S. A. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Syphilis is a multifaceted disease with serious implications for the pregnant women and the foetus. Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis has been a public health challenge for centuries. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among pregnant women are wide spread in the developing countries, and constitute a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Information regarding the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women is scanty from the north-west zone of Nigeria.
Aims: Evaluation of seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum infection among pregnant women attending a selected hospital at Northern Nigeria was carried out, with view to assess the socio-demographic data and predisposing factors of syphilis among the study population.
Methods: Exactly 200 pregnant women, who attended antenatal clinic of the selected hospital at Northern Nigeria, from July to September, 2015 were screened for syphilis using syphilis rapid immunochromatographic test for in-vitro diagnostic technique. Patients’ demographic data and predisposing factors of syphilis were assessed using a structured questionnaire.
Results: The result showed that 2.0% of the 200 pregnant women screened were positive. Based on age, individuals who were less than or equal 20 years had the highest prevalence of 4.1% followed by those who aged 21-30 with the prevalence of 1.1%. Family type and place of the study subjects were significantly associated with the disease (Fisher’s exact test = 0.014 and 0.008 respectively). Therefore associated risk factors were age, family type and place of residence. While, educational status, employment status, gestational age and blood transfusion were not significantly associated with syphilis in the study area. While seroprevalence of 4(5.7%) was recorded in polygamous individual; no positive case was recorded among those practicing monogamy. Urban dwellers were found to have a prevalence rate of 6.6% with no infection detected among the rural dwellers.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of syphilis among the study population was 2.0%. The disease is more prevalent among middle aged, rural dwelling and polygamous pregnant women. Hence in a bid to control syphilis infection, both partners should be evaluated and treated. This study has further provided information on the prevalence of Treponema pallidum infection among pregnant women at Northern Nigeria.
PENGARUH REVIEW OLEH SARAH AYU PADA PRODUK KECANTIKAN DI YOUTUBE DAN BRAND AWARENESS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN PRODUK
Authors: Arista Lutfiah , Lasmana Herlan 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh review produk kecantikan pada Youtube dan brand awareness terhadap keputusan menggunakan produk. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh langsung masing-masing variabel review produk kecantikan pada Youtube channel Sarah Ayu dan brand awareness terhadap keputusan menggunakan produk, serta menguji pengaruh review produk kecantikan pada Youtube secara bersama-sama dengan brand awareness terhadap keputusan menggunakan produk. Selain itu juga menguji apakah brand awareness memediasi antara review dengan keputusan menggunakan produk. Teori utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah subscriber perempuan channel Youtube Sarah Ayu yang ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa review produk kecantikan pada Youtube channel Sarah Ayu dan brand awareness masing-masing mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap keputusan menggunakan produk. Hasil regresi linier berganda membuktikan bahwa brand awareness mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada review produk kecantikan pada youtube. Saran, sebaiknya Sarah Ayu untuk lebih menanggapi komentar yang ada pada kolom komen di channel Youtubenya, agar penonton merasa lebih terlibat dalam video yang diunggahnya.
DESAFIOS À SUSTENTABILIDADE EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR NA BAHIA
Authors: Almeida Renato , De Souza Thaisa Teixeira , Galvão Ariel Santiago da Silva , Cerqueira Matheus Ribeiro de Jesus , Da Silva Naiane Dos Santos 
Published: August 2019

<p>Uma Universidade Sustentável desenvolve ações nas diferentes dimensões da sustentabilidade, assumindo um sistema de gestão ambiental na própria instituição e contribuindo para a formação de jovens com pensamento crítico. Adotou-se a análise de conteúdo, para abordar a evolução histórica da preocupação ambiental em três diferentes versões do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) na Bahia, e efetuaram-se apontamentos sobre o estágio de sustentabilidade da IES. Hoje, a sustentabilidade na sede da universidade reflete processo histórico associado à sua origem e estratégia da multicampia. Esforços induziram os primeiros projetos coletivos, mas sem uma continuidade de longo prazo e metas quantificáveis, prevalecendo ações individuais e pontuais. A adoção dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2030 contribuiria ao enfrentamento dos desafios que se apresentam para a sustentabilidade universitária. </p>
Tamoxifen affects chronic pancreatitis‐related fibrogenesis in an experimental mouse model: an effect beyond Cre recombination
Authors: Li Xuan , Clappier Christian , Kleiter Ingo , Heuchel Rainer 
Published: August 2019

Tamoxifen is very successfully used for the induction of CreERT‐mediated genomic recombination in conditional mouse models. Recent studies, however, indicated that tamoxifen might also affect the fibrotic response in several disease models following administration, both in vitro and in vivo. In order to investigate a possible effect of tamoxifen on pancreatic fibrogenesis and to evaluate an optimal treatment scheme in an experimental pancreatitis mouse model, we administered tamoxifen by oral gavage to both male and female C57BL/6J mice and then waited for different periods of time before inducing chronic pancreatitis by cerulein. We observed a sex‐specific and time‐dependent effect of tamoxifen on the fibrotic response as measured by collagen deposition and the number of myofibroblasts and macrophages. The findings of in vitro studies, in which cerulein was administrated with or without 4‐hydroxytamoxifen to stimulate primary murine female and male pancreatic stellate cells, supported our in vivo observations. Real‐time PCR also indicated that this effect may be related to differences in ERα expression between female and male stellate cells. Our data demonstrate that tamoxifen administration has unignorable side effects, which affect the experimental outcome in a cerulein‐based model of chronic pancreatitis in mice. We suggest a 2‐week waiting period before cerulein administration to reduce side effects to a minimum for the described fibrosis model in female mice.
Memory distortions: When suggestions cannot be easily ignored
Authors: Cabalo Donna Gift , Ianì Francesco , Bilge A. Reyyan , Mazzoni Giuliana 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn the present study, the persistence of personal false memories (FMs) after social feedback that denies their truth was assessed. Participants imitated actions performed by the experimenter (Session 1) and watched a doctored video with performed and critical “fake” actions (Session 2), followed by a memory rating and a recognition task. A few days later (Session 3), participants were clearly told that some memories were false and received daily reminders of the correct list of objects/actions before testing their memory again in Session 4. Results of both memory ratings and recognition indicated effective FM implantation. Interestingly, response times for correct rejections were longer for fake than true objects, suggesting participants struggled to ignore false suggestions. Crucial for our aim, Session 4 showed that FM persisted also after the debriefing and repeated presentations of correct list of objects/actions, suggesting that FMs for actions are rather difficult to discard.
DNA Hydrogels and Microgels for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Fengyun , Lyu Danya , Liu Shuo , Guo Weiwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDNA hydrogels, which take advantage of the unique properties of functional DNA motifs, such as specific molecular recognition, programmable and high‐precision assembly, multifunctionality, and excellent biocompatibility, have attracted increasing research interest in the past two decades in diverse fields, especially in biosensing and biomedical applications. The responsiveness of smart DNA hydrogels to external stimuli by changing their swelling volume, crosslinking density, and optical or mechanical properties has facilitated the development of DNA‐hydrogel‐based in vitro biosensing systems and actuators. Furthermore, reducing the sizes of DNA hydrogels to the micro‐ and nanoscale leads to better responsiveness and delivery capacity, thereby making them excellent candidates for rapid detection, in vivo real‐time sensing, and drug release applications. Here, the recent progress in the development of smart DNA hydrogels and DNA microgels for biosensing and biomedical applications is summarized, and the current challenges as well as future prospects are also discussed.
Fluorinated Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells with over 17% Power Conversion Efficiency and Improved Stability
Authors: Shi Jishan , Gao Yerun , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yun , Zhang Junjie , Jing Xin , Shao Ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) exhibit excellent stability in comparison with 3D perovskites; however, the relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits their future application. In this work, a new fluorine‐substituted phenylethlammonium (PEA) cation is developed as a spacer to fabricate quasi‐2D (4FPEA)2(MA)4Pb5I16 (n = 5) perovskite solar cells. The champion device exhibits a remarkable PCE of 17.3% with a Jsc of 19.00 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.16 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 79%, which are among the best results for low‐dimensional RPP solar cells (n ≤ 5). The enhanced device performance can be attributed as follows: first, the strong dipole field induced by the 4‐fluoro‐phenethylammonium (4FPEA) organic spacer facilitates charge dissociation. Second, fluorinated RPP crystals preferentially grow along the vertical direction, and form a phase distribution with the increasing n number from bottom to the top surface, resulting in efficient charge transport. Third, 4FPEA‐based RPP films exhibit higher film crystallinity, enlarged grain size, and reduced trap‐state density. Lastly, the unsealed fluorinated RPP devices demonstrate superior humidity and thermal stability. Therefore, the fluorination of the long‐chain organic cations provides a feasible approach for simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability of low‐dimensional RPP solar cells.