bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evoking values or doing politics?
Authors: Richardson John E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the rhetoric of speeches delivered by British politicians at televised national HMD commemorations. Following the recommendation of the Stockholm International Forum, since 2001, Britain has commemorated victims of the Holocaust and subsequent genocides every 27 January. The television broadcasts of the national commemoration both reflect and illuminate the complex processes of (national) histories, individual memory and collective remembrance, and the ways that they mediate and interact with each other in social and historic contexts. In addition to other genres (e.g. music, poetry readings, archival film), a speech is delivered by a prominent politician at each of these ceremonies. I argue that these speeches are examples of epideictic oratory, which provide politicians with the opportunity to communicate an understanding of the Holocaust as a catastrophe and a great affront toOur values. My rhetorical analysis focuses on the ways that politicians utilize two artistic means of persuasion:etheticstrategies, which place emphasis on their personal character; andlogeticstrategies, which aim to persuade through invoking arguments. I orientate to the ways that poorly selectedetheticandlogeticstrategies can disrupt the primary purpose of the epideictic speech: to communicate, and revivify, shared values.
Medication Side Effects and Retention in HIV Treatment: A Regression Discontinuity Study of Tenofovir Implementation in South Africa and Zambia
Authors: Brennan Alana T , Bor Jacob , Davies Mary-Ann , Wandeler Gilles , Prozesky Hans , Fatti Geoffrey , Wood Robin , Stinson Kathryn , Tanser Frank , Bärnighausen Till , Boulle Andrew , Sikazwe Izukanji , Zanolini Arianna , Fox Matthew P 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Tenofovir is less toxic than other nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors used in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may improve retention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients on ART. We assessed the impact of national guideline changes in South Africa (2010) and Zambia (2007) recommending tenofovir for first-line ART. We applied regression discontinuity in a prospective cohort study of 52,294 HIV-infected adults initiating first-line ART within 12 months (±12 months) of each guideline change. We compared outcomes in patients presenting just before and after the guideline changes using local linear regression and estimated intention-to-treat effects on initiation of tenofovir, retention in care, and other treatment outcomes at 24 months. We assessed complier causal effects among patients starting tenofovir. The new guidelines increased the percentages of patients initiating tenofovir in South Africa (risk difference (RD) = 81 percentage points, 95% confidence interval (CI): 73, 89) and Zambia (RD = 42 percentage points, 95% CI: 38, 45). With the guideline change, the percentage of single-drug substitutions decreased substantially in South Africa (RD = −15 percentage points, 95% CI: −18, −12). Starting tenofovir also reduced attrition in Zambia (intent-to-treat RD = −1.8% (95% CI: −3.5, −0.1); complier relative risk = 0.74) but not in South Africa (RD = −0.9% (95% CI: −5.9, 4.1); complier relative risk = 0.94). These results highlight the importance of reducing side effects for increasing retention in care, as well as the differences in population impact of policies with heterogeneous treatment effects implemented in different contexts.
Empowering genomic medicine by establishing critical sequencing result data flows: the eMERGE example
Authors: Aronson Samuel , Babb Lawrence , Ames Darren , Gibbs Richard A , Venner Eric , Connelly John J , Marsolo Keith , Weng Chunhua , Williams Marc S , Hartzler Andrea L , Liang Wayne H , Ralston James D , Devine Emily Beth , Murphy Shawn , Chute Christopher G , Caraballo Pedro J , Kullo Iftikhar J , Freimuth Robert R , Rasmussen Luke V , Wehbe Firas H , Peterson Josh F , Robinson Jamie R , Wiley Ken , Overby Taylor Casey ,   eMERGE Network EHRI Working Group
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe eMERGE Network is establishing methods for electronic transmittal of patient genetic test results from laboratories to healthcare providers across organizational boundaries. We surveyed the capabilities and needs of different network participants, established a common transfer format, and implemented transfer mechanisms based on this format. The interfaces we created are examples of the connectivity that must be instantiated before electronic genetic and genomic clinical decision support can be effectively built at the point of care. This work serves as a case example for both standards bodies and other organizations working to build the infrastructure required to provide better electronic clinical decision support for clinicians.
Neuro-oncologists have spoken – the role of bevacizumab in the inpatient setting. A clinical and economic conundrum
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Low Justin , Mrugala Maciej M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key player in tumor angiogenesis. The drug can halt tumor progression, treat radiation necrosis, and reduce peritumoral edema. Although it does not increase overall survival, bevacizumab can improve progression-free survival and quality of life. In many countries, bevacizumab use in the inpatient setting is restricted due to its significant cost. Here, we explore attitudes towards the use of bevacizumab amidst practitioners treating brain tumors and assess ease of accessing the drug in the inpatient setting.

Design/Methods
A 10-question survey querying practitioners’ opinions of inpatient bevacizumab utility and its availability was distributed to the membership of the Society of Neuro-Oncology in July 2016.

Results
Eighty-seven percent felt that there was a role for bevacizumab in the inpatient setting, and 69% reported favorable experiences with bevacizumab use. However, 40% encountered difficulty in obtaining approval for inpatient use. We present two contrasting clinical cases that highlight favorable and unfavorable outcomes when bevacizumab use was and was not permitted, respectively.

Conclusions
In this sample of neuro-oncology practitioners, there is general consensus that bevacizumab plays an important role in the inpatient treatment of brain tumors. In light of ongoing barriers to inpatient bevacizumab use due to cost concerns, these data motivate the creation of standardized policies for inpatient bevacizumab use that balances its important role in improving quality of life with financial considerations.
Colonial Capitalism and the Dilemmas of Liberalism
Authors: Ince Onur Ulas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter constructs an analytic framework for reconstructing the relationship between liberalism and empire through the optic of political economy. Extant studies of liberalism and empire tend to restrict the analysis to the explication of liberal texts in imperial contexts without explicitly theorizing the imperial contexts in question. To address this lacuna, the chapter elaborates the notion of “colonial capitalism” as a contextual theory and a hermeneutic key for interpreting the works of John Locke, Edmund Burke, and Edward G. Wakefield. Drawing on critical political economy, imperial social and economic history, and postcolonial theory, “colonial capitalism” captures the heterogeneous and globally networked property structures, exchange systems, and labor regimes that constituted Britain’s imperial economy. Against this background, it highlights the “dilemmas of liberalism” that materialized in the efforts to reconcile the peaceful, commercial, British self-imaginations and the coercive economic practices the Britons undertook in their imperial possessions.
The Paving Stone Theory of World Tectonics
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Tuzo Wilson introduces the concept of transform faults, which has the effect of transforming Earth Science forever. Resistance to the new ideas is finally overcome in the late 1960s, as the theory of moving plates is established. Two scientists play a major role in quantifying the embryonic theory that is eventually dubbed ‘plate tectonics’. Dan McKenzie applies Euler’s theorem, used previously by Teddy Bullard to reconstruct the continents around the Atlantic, to the problem of plate rotations on a sphere and uses it to unravel the entire history of the Indian Ocean. Jason Morgan also wraps plate tectonics around a sphere. Tuzo Wilson introduces the idea of a fixed hotspot beneath Hawaii, an idea taken up by Jason Morgan to create an absolute reference frame for plate motions.
Scum of the Earth
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Well into the 1970s, the poor old geologists were still refusing to mend their ways, despite what they regarded as a ‘reign of terror’ by geophysicists. ‘Plate tectonics is fine’, they admitted grudgingly, ‘but it does not work in my area’. One of the most progressive, John Dewey, later recalled that, on being shown a long marine magnetic anomaly profile in 1965, and having its implications spelled out to him by geophysicists, he was only mildly impressed and remarked ‘Interesting, but keep it in the oceans and don’t let it onto the continents.’ The reaction of the geophysicists, who ‘muttered darkly about the ignorance and narrow-mindedness of geologists’, was, he recollected, ‘slightly scathing’.
Ups and Downs
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Despite the dumbing-down of education in recent years, it would be unusual to find a ten-year-old who could not name the major continents on a map of the world. Yet how many adults have the faintest idea of the structures that exist within the Earth? Understandably, knowledge is limited by the fact that the Earth’s interior is less accessible than the surface of Pluto, mapped in 2016 by the NASA New Horizons spacecraft. Indeed, Pluto, 7.5 billion kilometres from Earth, was discovered six years earlier than the similar-sized inner core of our planet. Fortunately, modern seismic techniques enable us to image the mantle right down to the core, while laboratory experiments simulating the pressures and temperatures at great depth, combined with computer modelling of mantle convection, help identify its mineral and chemical composition. The results are providing the most rapid advances in our understanding of how this planet works since the great revolution of the 1960s.
Direct Torque Control
Authors: Vaez-Zadeh Sadegh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The fundamental principles of direct torque control (DTC) of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors are presented in this chapter. The basic DTC system is then described. The operating limits of PMS machines under DTC are presented in terms of current limit, voltage limit, and flux linkage limit. Also, flux linkage control, including maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), unity power factor, and flux weakening at high speed, is derived. Then, alternative DTC schemes, including different SVM-DTC schemes, are presented. In line with the increasing energy-saving tendency in industrial applications, major emphasis is placed on the loss minimization of DTC. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made between the basic DTC and vector control, emphasizing the pros and cons of DTC with respect to vector control.
Epicentric Tonality and the Greek Lyric Tradition
Authors: Franklin John C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter presents core evidence supporting the thesis that vestiges of the classical Mesopotamian tuning system, going back at least to the Old Babylonian period (c.2000–1600 bce), can be detected in the earliest Greek material relating to the seven-stringed lyre—a standard configuration from Mycenaean times until the fifth century. Independent development is ruled out by the shared conceptual and practical emphasis on a middle string in both systems. Collation of the two sets of evidence permits reconstruction (mutatis mutandis) of several features of both a practical and conceptual nature. This material imposes a well-defined set of tonal parameters for analysing and imagining the music of Archaic poetry or later work that consciously maintained or alluded to those early conventions.
Doublespeak
Authors: Adams-Prassl Jeremias 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter turns to linguistic matters. It explores how, despite their focus on commercial labour intermediation, platforms were originally cast in a different light, operating under the mantle of a ‘sharing economy’. Superficial as this may seem, language matters—not least as a driver of regulatory approaches. To understand the gig economy, it is crucial that we look behind the language of innovation and technology, of sharing and collaborative consumption, and of ‘gigs’ and ‘tasks’. This chapter first focuses on arguments that the gig economy should not be regulated at all, discerning multiple iterations of this approach, with varying degrees of sophistication. At its crudest, this is the story that the law stands in the way of innovation and should leave ‘disruptive’ businesses well alone. At a more sophisticated level, we then encounter different proposals for new forms of regulation.
Getting Rid of Fast Waves: Slow Dynamics
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfter analysis of general properties of horizontal motion in primitive equations and introduction of principal parameters, the key notion of geostrophic equilibrium is introduced. Quasi-geostrophic reductions of one- and two-layer rotating shallow-water models are obtained by a direct filtering of fast inertia–gravity waves through a choice of the time scale of motions of interest, and by asymptotic expansions in Rossby number. Properties of quasi-geostrophic models are established. It is shown that in the beta-plane approximations the models describe Rossby waves. The first idea of the classical baroclinic instability is given, and its relation to Rossby waves is explained. Modifications of quasi-geostrophic dynamics in the presence of coastal, topographic, and equatorial wave-guides are analysed. Emission of mountain Rossby waves by a flow over topography is demonstrated. The phenomena of Kelvin wave breaking, and of soliton formation by long equatorial and topographic Rossby waves due to nonlinear effects are explained.
Vortex Dynamics on the f and beta Plane and Wave Radiation by Vortices
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuasi-geostrophic dynamics being essentially the vortex dynamics, the main notions of vortex dynamics in the plane are introduced in this chapter. Dynamics of vorticity is treated both in Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions. Dynamics of point vortices and vortex patches (contour dynamics) are recalled, as well as discretisations of the vorticity equation preserving Casimir invariants, which reflect Lagrangian conservation of vorticity. The influence of the beta effect upon vortices is illustrated, and exact modon solutions of the QG equations on the f and beta planes are constructed. Basic notions of turbulence and specific features of two dimensional turbulence are reviewed for future use. Lighthill radiation of gravity waves by vortices is illustrated on the example of a pair of point vortices, and back-reaction of the radiation upon the vortex system is demonstrated and analysed. Influence of rotation upon the Lighthill radiation is explained. Construction of the Kirchhoff vortex solution is proposed as a problem.
Resonant Wave Interactions and Resonant Excitation of Wave-guide Modes
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe idea of resonant nonlinear interactions of waves, and of resonant wave triads, is first explained using the example of Rossby waves, and then used to highlight a mechanism of excitation of wave-guide modes, by impinging free waves at the oceanic shelf, and at the equator. Physics and mathematics of the mechanism, which is related to the phenomena of parametric resonance and wave modulation, are explained in detail in both cases. The resulting modulation equations, of Ginzburg–Landau or nonlinear Schrodinger type, are obtained by multi-scale asymptotic expansions and elimination of resonances, after the explanation of this technique. The chapter thus makes a link between geophysical fluid dynamics and other branches of nonlinear physics. A variety of nonlinear phenomena including coherent structure formation is displayed. The resonant excitation of wave-guide modes provides an efficient mechanism of energy transfer to the wave guides from the large to the small.
The Effect of Hyperoxygenated Fatty Acids in Preventing Skin Lesions Caused by Surgical Pneumatic Tourniquets
Authors: Castillo Martín Beatriz , Castillo Martín Juan Ignacio , Lago Oliver Jesús , Diz Gómez Jorge 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether hyperoxygenated fatty acids (HOFAs) provide safe and effective protection against lesions caused by surgical pneumatic tourniquets (SPTs).

METHODS:
This was a nonrandomized, single-blind, 2-arm, prospective, comparative study. The study was approved by the Ethics and Clinical Research Commission of the Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, in Madrid, Spain. Subjects in the intervention group were treated topically with HOFAs (Linovera; B. Braun Medical Inc, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) at the site (upper and lower limbs) where an SPT was to be applied. An elastic bandage was then set in place and finally the SPT. Control subjects were treated in the same way, but no HOFAs were applied.

PARTICIPANTS:
The study subjects were all patients of the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery at the Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón for whom the use of an SPT was indicated for 60 minutes or longer. In total, 174 patients completed the study, 83 in the HOFA-treatment arm and 91 in the control arm. All subjects gave their informed consent to be included.

MAIN OUTCOME:
Assessment of the lesions induced by the SPT after its removal.

MAIN RESULTS:
Significant correlations were found between the risk of developing lesions and age 70 years or older (P = .021), a duration of ischemia of 70 minutes or longer (P = .006), and being a member of the control group (P < .001). Some 93.4% of the intervention group experienced only a grade 0 to 1 skin lesion compared with 55.4% of the control group. Moreover, 44.6% of the control arm subjects suffered a grade 2 to 4 lesion compared with only 6% of the HOFA-treated subjects. No subject in the treatment arm suffered any important skin lesion; in the control arm, however, 2 patients suffered edema, another suffered induration, and 2 experienced abrasions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of topical HOFAs, in conjunction with the application of an elastic bandage before applying an SPT, is a safe and effective way of preventing SPT-induced skin lesions.
Using Computer-Adaptive Quizzing as a Tool for National Council Licensure Examination Success
Authors: Pence Jill , Wood Felecia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between using computer-adaptive quizzing (CAQ) and first-time National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) success. A retrospective, descriptive, correlational design was used to analyze the relationship between use of a CAQ program and first-time NCLEX results of 194 baccalaureate graduates. Chi-square analysis suggested that there was an association between using the software and NCLEX success (p < .001, df = 1), with 16 percent of those without access compared to 1 percent with access being unsuccessful on the licensure exam. Results support using CAQ as formative preparation for the NCLEX.
IVF Transfer of Fresh or Frozen Embryos in Women Without Polycystic Ovaries
Authors: Vuong Lan N. , Dang Vinh Q. , Ho Tuong M. , Huynh Bao G. , Ha Duc T. , Pham Toan D. , Nguyen Linh K. , Norman Robert J. , Mol Ben W. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:137–147)
After its introduction in 1978, in vitro fertilization (IVF) was traditionally performed by the transfer of fresh embryos. With improvements in IVF technology, the number of multiple pregnancies increased, leading to a gradual reduction in the number of embryos transferred. To allow subsequent transfer when the fresh cycle was unsuccessful, the technique of embryo freezing was developed. A recent large, randomized trial comparing frozen-embryo transfer with fresh-embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were undergoing IVF showed that the live-birth rate was significantly higher with frozen-embryo transfer. Whether frozen-embryo transfer also results in higher live-birth rates in women with infertility not associated with PCOS is unknown.
Obesity and Perioperative Complications in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery in 2013: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Pratt Toya S. , Hudson Catherine O. , Northington Gina M. , Greene Kristie A. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018;24:51–55)
In the United States, more than a third of adults are obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2). Obese women undergoing hysterectomies have more wound complications, infections, and operative times compared with nonobese women. There are few national-level data on the impact of obesity on surgical morbidity among women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery.
Effects of Episodic Alcohol Exposure on BMP2 Signaling During Tibia Fracture Healing
Authors: Bratton Anthony , Eisenberg Joshua , Vuchkovska Aleksandra , Roper Philip , Callaci John J. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
To explore how alcohol affects the BMP-2 signaling pathway, which is known to play a critical role in bone and cartilage formation during fracture healing.

Methods:
A rat model was used to demonstrate the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure on tibia fracture healing. Specific components of the BMP-2 pathway were analyzed in fracture callus on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after fracture via western immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Alcohol exposure before tibia fracture demonstrated attenuation of downstream BMP-2 signaling. The BMP-2 antagonist, Chordin, may be the central component of the BMP-2-related changes demonstrated in this study. Although alcohol affected BMP-related proteins at all time points, it seems that day 14 after fracture is a critical time point for alcohol-related modulation of callus formation in our model.

Conclusions:
This study may provide the scientific basis for further studies addressing whether the application of exogenous BMP-2 in patients with a history of alcohol abuse who sustain long bone fractures may or may not be of benefit.