bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calvin Coolidge’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the Inaugural Address of Calvin Coolidge. Coolidge acknowledges that America extended its domain over distant islands in order to safeguard their interests and accepted the consequent obligation to bestow justice and liberty upon less favored peoples. According to Coolidge, the nation believes thoroughly in an honorable peace under which the rights of its citizens are to be everywhere protected. The chapter explains that the result of economic dissipation to a nation is always moral decay. It also considers how the policies of better international understanding, greater economy, and lower taxes have contributed largely to peaceful and prosperous industrial relations.
Pathbreaker
Authors: Kazin Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Third Inaugural Address, which seemed to strike familiar chords of congratulatory patriotism. It discusses how Roosevelt invoked the examples of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln and lauded the democratic spirit instilled in iconic documents from the Mayflower Compact to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to the Gettysburg Address. Roosevelt’s moral urgency and his knack for dramatic pacing helped make him one of the greatest presidential orators. The chapter considers Roosevelt’s speech as more of a call to defend the ideals of a system faced with great perils never before encountered than an anodyne hymn to the nation’s past achievements. It looks at Roosevelt’s bold statement that the world could be made secure only if it were founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The Price of Peace
Authors: Galambos Louis Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Second Inaugural Address of Dwight D. Eisenhower for his second term as president of the United States. Eisenhower’s Second Inaugural Address offered a vision of America’s time of trial as much of the world experienced want, discord, and danger. The breakup of the old empires and the socialist- and communist-leaning new governments of Africa and Asia were at the forefront of the Eisenhower’s mind. The chapter discusses how Eisenhower found broad transition to be difficult to understand and confront, but in his Second Inaugural Address, he stamped the struggle in stark, moral terms. The chapter notes the abundant evidence of International Communism’s bondage in Europe. For Eisenhower, America needed its Cold War allies to continue their opposition to the divisive force of International Communism and the power that it controlled.
George W. Bush’s Second Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents George W. Bush’s Second Inaugural Address, which opens by establishing the historic context of the times, from the United States fighting a long Cold War for freedom to a day of fire on 9/11. Bush notes that America stood tall and victorious after the collapse of communism but now seems vulnerable to an ideology of hate that poses a mortal threat. Bush proclaims that only the force of human freedom around the world can break this threat. Bush calls for the United States to lead the worldwide quest for human freedom and liberty as a necessary means to protect America. For Bush, the survival of liberty in America depends on the success of liberty in other countries, and the best hope for peace in the country is the expansion of freedom in all the world.
Faith in America’s Future
Authors: Kloppenberg James T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the Second Inaugural Address of Barack Obama, which invoked Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence and Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural in support of principles and policies. Obama contends that freedom, consistent with the tradition of ordered liberty central to American political thought since the seventeenth century, is always bounded by law. It discusses how Obama considers freedom as an empty promise when individuals lack the means to develop their capacities. Obama insisted that the United States cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. The chapter describes Obama’s argument that the economy thrives for all only when it rewards the effort and determination of every single American.
We Need Allies
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 describes how the Project ACT partners engaged with allies from diverse societal sectors to champion sexual and gender minority issues and engaged them in advocacy to address local barriers to care. This chapter characterizes the motivations for allyship and the role that allies play in making advocacy possible. It will also detail the consequences of being unable to secure allyship and successfully manage partnerships. The chapter highlights allyship experiences and obstacles to collaboration from Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, and Zimbabwe. It also shows how collaboration and allyship are fundamental to advocacy practice.
The Therapeutic Frame
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the definition of the therapeutic frame and discusses challenges to maintain it. Topics covered include the in-person office versus the virtual office, and the office as a health care setting. Also discussed is how to manage attendance policies, including client no-shows, cancellations, or showing up late. Irregular attendance is addressed, as well as possible causes for it. Case examples illustrate therapeutic approaches to these problems. Suggestions are provided for tactful wording to address these therapeutic challenges. Issues regarding virtual sessions are addressed. Also, the chapter covers psychotherapist cancellations, vacations, and coverage in the therapist’s absence. Fee issues are discussed briefly.
Boundary Considerations
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses special boundary considerations that may arise in psychotherapy: touching the client, hugging the client, gifts from the client, invitations to client personal events, seeing the client in a public place, and the client criticizing other health care professionals. The reader is encouraged to explore their own feelings on these matters since they will occur unexpectedly at some future date. Various attributes of gifts are discussed to assist the psychotherapist in making their own determination of whether the gift is appropriate or not. The reader is encouraged to consider setting their own policies about whether they will ever attend client personal events and, if so, under what circumstances.
Psychotherapist Self-Disclosure
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the topic of psychotherapist self-disclosure. This includes when and how to self-disclose and when not to. Considerations include whether the topic that is disclosed is still very emotional for the psychotherapist and whether it is a current issue for the psychotherapist. Benefits to self-disclosure include instilling hope, reducing shame, and reducing feelings of isolation. Topics addressed include how to cope when the client asks the psychotherapist a personal question, when the psychotherapist and the client share a stressor, the psychotherapist’s mental health history, the psychotherapist’s chronic illness or disability, the psychotherapist’s sudden or serious medical issue, and the psychotherapist’s pregnancy.
Making a Diagnosis
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The two major systems of diagnosis, DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and ICD (International Classification of Diseases) are introduced. Interview formats vary by training site, so the trainee is encouraged to discuss this with the supervisor. Structured interviews for making diagnoses are introduced. The reader is introduced to Mental Status Exams and associated resources. Key topics to discuss with a client when making a diagnosis include sleep, family history, collateral information, medical issues, and substance abuse. The reader is encouraged to be aware that comorbid diagnoses are common and cautioned about the possibility of unconscious bias in diagnosis.
Measuring Interactions
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Statistical interaction describes deviations from the underlying form of a mathematical model, and it does not necessarily correspond to a description of nature. In contrast, biologic interaction describes the participation of two or more interacting factors in the same causal mechanism, and ideally does describe a state of nature. With biologic interaction between two causes, the effect of one is partially or wholly dependent on the presence of the other. To measure interaction between two causes, A and B, one starts by measuring the occurrence of disease among those who have both A and B. Some of this occurrence would stem from causal mechanisms that involve A but not B, and some from mechanisms that involve B but not A. Yet another component of the overall occurrence comes from causal mechanisms that do not involve either A or B. Subtracting all these components gives an estimate of the occurrence of disease from causal mechanisms in which both A and B play a causal role.
An Introduction to Some Advanced Topics
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many topics in epidemiology are too specialized for an introductory text. In this final chapter, a few such topics are introduced, providing an on-ramp to further study for those wishing to pursue a deeper knowledge of epidemiologic methods. Since every dataset has some missing data, the chapter starts by outlining approaches to handling missing data in an analysis. Second, it describes how causal diagrams can be helpful to distinguish causal and noncausal relations between study variables and to identify variables that should be accounted for in the analyses. Third, it briefly explains why novel approaches, g-methods, are needed to account for time-varying confounding, which results from a feedback loop between exposure and confounders. Fourth, instrumental variables are introduced as an approach that can theoretically control for confounding even if some confounders remain unmeasured. Finally, quantitative bias analyses offer a structured approach to quantifying the potential impact of systematic errors on study findings.
Leadership with Impact 2.0
Authors: Araque Juan Carlos , Weiss Eugenia L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1, “Leadership with Impact 2.0: Preparing Health and Human Service Practitioners in the Age of Innovation and Diversity,” explores the purpose and essence of innovative leadership and how successful leaders become social architects to design and implement organizational and social change. The chapter describes the conceptual model that propels the five elements of the IDDEA (Innovation, Design, Diversity, Execution, and Assessment) Leadership Framework. The main purpose of the IDDEA Leadership Framework is for leaders to apply these comprehensive and structured leadership and management concepts to achieve successful programs, projects, or initiatives that aim to improve people’s lives. This chapter also briefly describes the book’s content and key features.
Avoiding Burnout and Promoting Job Engagement
Authors: Araque Juan Carlos , Weiss Eugenia L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 17, “Avoiding Burnout and Promoting Job Engagement,” highlights the need for health and human service professionals to understand their limits and capacities and recognize issues related to fatigue. Burnout is a significant problem in the workplace, especially among health and human service team members. Innovative leaders are always thinking and working to support others. This constant use of emotional energy can lead to stress and exhaustion. It is very important to recognize the symptoms of work stress and burnout and take care of oneself and team members accordingly. This chapter examines this problem from a theoretical and practical perspective, highlighting a few evidence-based interventions and solutions that address the elements of burnout in the workplace.
Ordering the Collection
Authors: Martelli Francesca K. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 considers the narrative significance of plotting letters and letter books into linear sequence, and the ironies that emerge from this unique mode of historical narrative, as the collection’s later editors capitalize on their superior hindsight when assembling the original letters into sequence. This effect is especially apparent in the narrative unit of Fam. 10, 11, and 12, books that narrate from a different set of epistolary perspectives the ‘same’ set of events (namely, the Battle of Mutina, its build-up, and its aftermath), and which showcase particularly starkly the ironies that open up in the gap between the (limited) foresight of the letters’ writers and the superior hindsight of their editors because the events that they deal with directly precipitate the fall of Republic. This chapter argues that these different viewpoints generate competing historical narratives across the three books, as the narrative of sovereign power that the editors understand, which sees monarchy prevailing over the Republic, is set against a counter-history of this period, written by the letters’ authors, whose letters express a desire for a different historical outcome to that which would eventually emerge. Fam. 10 stages the process whereby alternative paths of history swap over with one another in the story of its protagonists’ vacillations (actualized and potential) from one side to the other, while Fam. 11 and 12 allow us to glimpse the counter-historical perspectives of those outside this story’s central power play.
Understanding Historical Trauma and Scarcity Mindsets
Authors: Arañez Litam Stacey Diane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chapter begins with a poignant experience from the author’s own childhood to provide a grounding framework for how historical trauma experiences may contribute to scarcity mindsets and a lack of communication among Asian American families. A brief overview of Asian American history is provided to contextualize how scarcity mentalities and other forms of inter-ethnic competition can be traced back to the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad as well as the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act. Next, the chapter describes how migration histories to the United States, experiences of discrimination, and other culturally embedded stressors may lead to historical trauma narratives in ways that impact families, worldviews, and unhelpful cultural scripts. Finally, readers will explore how present-day values, unhelpful cultural scripts, and family narratives may have evolved from historical forms of anti-Asian discrimination.
Decarceration
Authors: Looman Mary D. , Carl John D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors pose the question, what can be done for the long haul? The chapter discusses the differences between crime control and punishment and how incarceration does not deter criminal behavior and prisons don’t create prosocial citizens. In the first edition of this book, the authors used theories from sociology and macro social work to orchestrate strategies that might reinvent the justice system. In this second edition, the authors note that some of their proposals, as well as others, seem to have initiated a new era of decarceration and desistance. The chapter provides information on the importance of using clinical assessments to provide individualized plans for offenders in community supervision because one-size-fits-all programs are not effective. The chapter ends with a discussion on the seven proposals to prevent crime and to create prosocial citizens.
Making the case for the AfCFTA
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first chapter provides an overview of the book, and summarizes the broad arguments about why the AfCFTA is needed. Despite its name, the AfCFTA is much more than a free trade area—it is about creating a continental market. The scale of ambition is large, and inevitably it will proceed by a process of two steps forward, one step back. Yet the chapter argues that the continent no longer has any viable strategic alternatives to the AfCFTA. Contrary to some critics who claim that it is a neoliberal project, the book argues that the AfCFTA is firmly grounded in longstanding pan-African ideas around how to achieve greater unity among African countries. This goes beyond the usual names associated with pan-Africanism (e.g. the post-independence political leaders like Nkrumah, Nyerere, Senghor, etc.) In this sense, the book builds heavily on insights from two academics/intellectuals that were deeply committed to pan-African ideals: Adebayo Adedeji and Thandika Mkandawire. Just as Jean Monnet and Robert Schumann are widely venerated as the founding fathers of the European Union, the chapter argues that the ideas of African intellectuals and academics like Adedeji and Mkandawire can help guide the implementation of the AfCFTA.
The Heart of the Matter
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses one of the key developmental challenges of the African continent—the lack of economic diversification. The continent’s continued dependence on commodity exports—which still in 2022 represented around 80% of Africa’s total exports—is a legacy of the colonial period. The price that the continent paid became apparent in the 1980s and 1990s, when commodity prices fell to such an extent that by the mid-1990s “tropical Africa’s share of world trade probably fell to its lowest point in a thousand years”. The situation was aggravated by the policies pursued under structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) leading to a a surge in consumer imports and sharp cutbacks in foreign exchange, provoking a devastating collapse in industrial output and employment. In essence, the continent became increasingly marginalized from the global economy because it was trading the “wrong things” and was excessively dependent on commodities. The chapter reviews the extensive literature on the long-term impact of the “commodity curse”.
The Economic Significance of Intra-African Trade
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter rebutts the common perception that intra-African trade is “dismally” low compared to other regions. There are several elements in this argument. When comparing levels of intra-regional trade in Africa with other regions, by some metrics parts of Africa display a stronger degree of trade integration than comparable regions elsewhere in the world—including South Asia and Latin America. The heavy preponderance of fuel and mineral exports in a handful of African countries distorts the aggregate figure of intra-African trade, and the prevalence of informal cross-border trade also leads us to underestimate the economic significance of intra-African trade. For non-oil resource-intensive and landlocked countries, the average share of exports destined to the African market is as high as 38-42 percent of total trade. African trade strategies need to reflect these realities—and, above all, not underappreciate the importance of the continental market. The chapter concludes by arguing that, as AfCFTA implementation begins, it is time to change the narrative and to start to "talk up" intra-African trade.
Across the Nilgiris
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter challenges the historiographical assumption that the Bhāgavata Purāṇa was exclusively a Vaiṣṇava text by tracking its reception in medieval Kerala. The chapter focuses on the work of three Śaiva Advaitin scholars—Lakṣmīdhara, Pūrṇasarasvatī, and Rāghavānanda—who found in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa the perfect place to bring together their interests in Vaiṣṇava poetry, Śaiva and Śākta theology, Sanskrit poetics, and Advaita philosophy. It also argues that in Kerala, the Bhāgavata became the public face of private, esoteric, initiation-based practices. For the poetry and scholarship produced by the Kerala ascetics also betrayed the influence of regional contestations over temple space, caste prerogatives, and antinomian spirituality. Their writings reflected the structural correspondences and conflicts between Brahmanical and Tantric religion that cut across the caste-configured social order in medieval Kerala.
Secretary General
Authors: Kiszely John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter recounts Ismay’s five-years as NATO’s Secretary General. It describes his reorganization of NATO headquarters, his focus on building Alliance cohesion and his emphasis on strategic communications. It details his work to achieve German membership of NATO, his attitude towards the European Defence Community, his emphasis on the continuing Soviet threat, and the need for Alliance unity in countering it. It describes how Ismay used his high-level contacts, notably Churchill and Eisenhower, to achieve his goals within NATO and recounts the impact within the Alliance of the 1956 Suez Crisis and Ismay’s efforts at damage limitation. The chapter ends with an assessment of his contribution and legacy as Secretary General.
Epilogue
Authors: Kiszely John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews Ismay’s personality and character, provides a word portrait of him and assesses his major achievements and legacy. It details his strong leadership skills and describes the affection in which he was held by superiors, colleagues and subordinates alike; other attributes noted include his intelligence, tact, diplomacy, moral courage and sense of duty. Criticisms of him include his occasional naivety, over-hastiness in decision making and the taking of loyalty to extremes—the cases of Mountbatten and Churchill are cited. Also noted is that his outward appearance of a robust, calm, imperturbable extrovert sometimes belied the reality beneath. The chapter assesses his legacy as including an example of the establishment and maintenance of good civil-military relations, the laying of the foundations of NATO and the creation and development of the Ministry of Defence.
Conclusion
Authors: Blake David Haven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conclusion situates the book’s interest in power, Islam, and dismemberment in the context of the song “Bob Dylan’s 115th Dream.” The song recounts the surrealistic adventures of a Captain A-rab who finds himself in contemporary New York. The discussion examines Dylan’s decision to frame this dream around Moby-Dick, while also eliminating the character of Fedallah. After connecting the song to the book’s exploration of disability and prostheses, the conclusion describes Moby-Dick as a story of American democracy as Melville imagined it in 1851. Using insights from Toni Morrison, Juliet Hooker, and Wendy Brown, it draws parallels between Ahab’s rise to power and the rise of authoritarianism and white aggrievement in the twenty-first century.
Legitimising Violence in the British Attack on the French Fleet at Mers-El-KÉbir
Authors: Varley Karine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the motivations and justifications behind the British attack on the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in Algeria during the Second World War. The July 1940 operation contravened the accepted use of military violence in war and displayed a ruthlessness seemingly at odds with Britain’s status as a liberal democratic pillar of the international community. The strategic use of violence was central to the planning and execution of the attack. The British government justified it by invoking notions of a supreme emergency and the wider moral imperatives of defeating Nazism. However, its actions were also driven by desires to send a political signal to the United States and the wider world of a determination to pursue victory at any cost.