bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Intertypic Recombinant Coxsackievirus A2 Containing Specific Amino Acid Mutations in the RNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerase Potentially Associated With Its Emergence
Authors: Xie Zhenfeng , Khamrin Pattara , Maneekarn Niwat , Kumthip Kattareeya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus A2 (CVA2), a member of enterovirus A species (EV‐A), is associated with diverse human diseases and occasionally causes acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In Thailand, CVA2 emerged as the predominant genotype in 2019. The increasing incidence of CVA2, coupled with the limited availability of full‐length genomes, highlights the need for more complete genome sequence analysis to facilitate molecular epidemiology study. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology, evolutionary dynamics, and recombination characteristics of CVA2 associated with AGE in Thailand from 2013 to 2022. A total of 19 full‐genome sequences of CVA2 isolated from stool samples of AGE patients in Thailand were characterized and analyzed together with the reference sequences available in the GenBank database. A novel lineage of CVA2 (subgenotype C5) was detected with the potential recombination with CVA10 within the P2 and P3 regions. Specific consensus amino acid mutations, A61S in the VP3 gene and R136K in the 3D (RdRp) gene, were identified in all CVA2 recombinant strains. Additionally, the S45G mutation in the RdRp gene was found to be potentially associated with the emergence of CVA2 infection in 2019. In conclusion, this study reveals potential intertypic recombinant events and specific mutations in CVA2 strains isolated from AGE patients and provides a broader understanding of its evolutionary epidemiology.
Bifurcation and Controller Design of 5D BAM Neural Networks With Time Delay
Authors: Cui Qingyi , Xu Changjin , Xu Yiya , Ou Wei , Pang Yicheng , Liu Zixin , Shen Jianwei , Baber Muhammad Zafarullah , Maharajan Chinnamuniyandi , Ghosh Uttam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAll the time delayed dynamical system plays a vital role in describing the dynamical phenomenon of neural networks. In the current article, we study a class of 5D delayed bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks that conform to objective reality. First of all, we prove that the solution of the delayed 5D BAM neural networks exists and is unique by virtue of fixed point theorem and some inequality techniques. Secondly, the Hopf bifurcation and stability of the delayed 5D BAM neural networks are investigated by exploiting the stability criterion and bifurcation theory. Once more, Hopf bifurcation control strategy of the delayed 5D BAM neural networks is explored by virtue of two different hybrid controllers. By adjusting the parameters of the controllers, we can control the stability domain and Hopf bifurcation onset. Eventually, the correctness of the theoretical results was verified through numerical simulations. The conclusions obtained in this paper are new and have important theoretical value in neural network area.
A Perspective of Multi‐Reflecting TOF MS
Authors: Verenchikov A. N. , Makarov V. V. , Vorobyev A. V. , Kirillov S. N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTime‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) excels in rapid and high‐sensitivity analysis, making it a cornerstone of analytical chemistry. But as sample complexity explodes in omics studies, so does the need for higher resolving power to ensure accurate results. Traditional TOF instruments face a challenge: achieving high resolution often requires a very large instrument. To overcome this limitation, scientists developed alternative designs for TOF analyzers called multi‐pass TOF analyzers (MPT). These MPT analyzers come in two main configurations: multi‐turn (MTT) and multi‐reflecting (MRT). Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience, this review describes two decades of MPT advancements. It highlights the critical development of optimized analyzer designs, tracing the evolution towards mirror‐based MRT instruments, generally providing superior resolution and spatial acceptance compared to MTT. While the manuscript attempts to overview MTT advances, it primarily focuses on MRT technology. Additionally, the review explores the role of orthogonal accelerators and trap pulse converters, comparing their efficiency and the dynamic range limits imposed by space charge effects. By comparing various MRT configurations and commercially available instruments, the review sets out to inform and empower researchers so they can make informed decisions about MRT mass spectrometers.
Metabolomics‐driven approaches for identifying therapeutic targets in drug discovery
Authors: Pan Shanshan , Yin Luan , Liu Jie , Tong Jie , Wang Zichuan , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Xuesong , Chen Yong , Miao Jing , Zhou Yuan , Zeng Su , Xu Tengfei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentification of therapeutic targets can directly elucidate the mechanism and effect of drug therapy, which is a central step in drug development. The disconnect between protein targets and phenotypes under complex mechanisms hampers comprehensive target understanding. Metabolomics, as a systems biology tool that captures phenotypic changes induced by exogenous compounds, has emerged as a valuable approach for target identification. A comprehensive overview was provided in this review to illustrate the principles and advantages of metabolomics, delving into the application of metabolomics in target identification. This review outlines various metabolomics‐based methods, such as dose–response metabolomics, stable isotope‐resolved metabolomics, and multiomics, which identify key enzymes and metabolic pathways affected by exogenous substances through dose‐dependent metabolite–drug interactions. Emerging techniques, including single‐cell metabolomics, artificial intelligence, and mass spectrometry imaging, are also explored for their potential to enhance target discovery. The review emphasizes metabolomics' critical role in advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms and accelerating targeted drug development, while acknowledging current challenges in the field.
Simultaneous monitoring of glycogen, creatine, and phosphocreatine in type II glycogen storage disease using saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Bie Chongxue , Bo Shaowei , Yadav Nirbhay N. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Wang Tao , Chen Lin , Xu Jiadi , Zou Chao , Zheng Hairong , Zhou Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThere is a need for non‐invasive approaches to assess the progression of glycogen storage diseases (GSD). Here, we use saturation transfer (ST) MRI via relayed nuclear Overhauser effects (glycoNOE) to detect abnormal changes in muscle glycogen of a GSD II mouse model. In addition to glycogen, the energy metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) were studied to assess the muscle disease.MethodsWater saturation (Z‐spectra) and 1H MRS were acquired at 9.4 T on the skeletal muscle of healthy control mice and homozygous acid ‐glucosidase (GAA) knock‐out mice (ages of 2–48 weeks). The glycoNOE (−1 ppm), total creatine (tCr)* (+2 ppm, = a × [Cr] + b × [PCr]), and PCr (+2.5 ppm) from Z‐spectra and the ratio between tCr and taurine signals (tCr/Tau) from 1H MRS spectra were quantified by using multi‐pool Lorentzian fitting methods. The concentrations of the metabolites were also measured via tissue assays.ResultsThe postnatal GSD II mice (age <12 weeks) showed a continued accumulation of muscle glycoNOE signal. GlycoNOE in adult GSD II mice (age ≥12 weeks) reached a plateau, at a level above 400% of that in normal mice. PCr, tCr*, and tCr/Tau gradually decreased in GSD II mice during the postnatal stage, then stabilized at levels comparable to adult control, yet PCr in adult GSD II mice was lower than that in controls.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that ST MRI of glycogen can provide in situ non‐invasive biomarkers for GSD II disease progression, with the potential to study the progression and treatment response of GSDs.
Design and operation of a whole‐body MRI scanner without RF shielding
Authors: Biber Stephan , Kannengiesser Stephan , Nistler Juergen , Braun Markus , Blaess Stefan , Gebhardt Matthias , Grodzki David , Ritter Dieter , Seegerer Georg , Vester Markus , Schneider Rainer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate how a clinical MRI system can be operated without an RF cabin. Receive interference cancellation via signal processing and active transmit emission suppression are evaluated for mitigating image artifacts and achieving electromagnetic compatibility.MethodsA clinical whole‐body MR scanner with B0 = 0.55 T was placed in an environment without RF shielding. The signals of 16 additional auxiliary receive antenna elements outside the scanner bore were used to remove interference from the wanted MR signal via a dedicated sidelobe cancellation algorithm. In vivo measurements with different MR sequences were performed in the presence of ambient RF noise and additional artificial interferers, covering brain and abdominal applications. To investigate the transmit electromagnetic compatibility, simulations with different auxiliary transmit antenna arrangements and body coil loading conditions were performed, and their emission suppression performance in the far field was evaluated.ResultsThe MR sidelobe cancellation algorithm successfully removed interference artifacts up to more than 3 times of the wanted MR image energy; difference images carried little to no visibly removed wanted signal. According to the simulations, electromagnetic compliance can be achieved with 32 or more auxiliary transmit antennas. The number and placement of sensor points are essential.ConclusionsA whole‐body 0.55T MR scanner can be operated without RF shielding. Image artifacts from external interference can be removed, requiring only a modest number of auxiliary antennas. Electromagnetic compliance appears to be achievable using active transmit cancellation, but the required hardware efforts may not be practical.
Gibberellin action‐based strategies show promise in the control of Striga—A major threat to global agriculture
Authors: Chen Jiazheng , Takahashi Ikuo , Nakajima Masatoshi , Asami Tadao 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe root‐parasitic plant Striga hermonthica can cause severe crop failure, leading to significant agricultural and economic losses in Africa. Despite the promising target offered by the Striga seed germination mechanism for developing control methods, effective control methods have yet to be established. For seed germination, Striga must undergo an incubation under warm and humid conditions, a process termed conditioning, which allows it to germinate. Here, we report that the plant hormone gibberellin stimulates the conditioning process in Striga seeds. Our findings suggest that the quantitative control of gibberellin in plants is a promising approach for controlling Striga infestations and may help alleviate substantial threats to food security.Summary

The root‐parasitic plant S. hermonthica is a serious agricultural threat in Africa. Although a number of control methods have been employed to combat Striga, there is still a need to develop more effective control methods. Striga seeds germinate only in the presence of host plants, owing to the need for host‐released stimulants, primarily strigolactone. To detect signals from the host, Striga seeds must be exposed to a specific warm, dark, and moist environment, which is known as conditioning. Gibberellin directly promotes germination in many nonparasitic plants, but Striga seeds are insensitive to exogenous gibberellin. Consequently, the role of gibberellin in the germination of Striga seeds is unclear.
We demonstrated that the effect of the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol was higher in seeds during the conditioning, compared with those already conditioned, suggesting that gibberellin primarily regulates conditioning rather than germination. The content of an active form gibberellin, gibberellin A4 (GA4) exhibited an increase throughout the conditioning period, and we quantified the elevated expression levels of some gibberellin biosynthesis genes. The GA4 treatment shortened the conditioning period required for strigolactone‐induced seed germination.
We also discovered that gibberellin upregulated ShACO1, the gene responsible for ethylene synthesis, during conditioning, and that the inhibition of GR24‐induced germination by the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor α‐aminoisobutyric acid was gradually alleviated by GA4.
Our findings demonstrate that gibberellin is critical for conditioning and germination processes but acts as a minor stimulant in Striga seeds. This study demonstrates the potential of quantitative endogenous gibberellin control for Striga management, providing valuable insights for alleviating food security issues.
Local depletion of large molecule drugs due to target binding in tissue interstitial space
Authors: Zasedateleva Tatiana , Schaller Stephan , de Lange Elizabeth C. M. , de Witte Wilhelmus E. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrug–target binding determines a drug's pharmacodynamics but can also have a profound impact on a drug's pharmacokinetics, known as target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD). TMDD models describe the influence of drug–target binding and target turnover on unbound drug concentrations and are frequently used for biologics and drugs with nonlinear plasma pharmacokinetics. For drug targets expressed in tissues, the effect of TMDD may not be detected when analyzing plasma concentration curves, but it might still affect tissue concentrations and occupancy. This review aimed to investigate the likeliness of such a scenario by reviewing the literature for a typical range of TMDD parameter values and their impact on local drug concentrations and target occupancy in a whole‐body PBPK model with TMDD. Our analysis demonstrated that tissue drug concentrations are impacted and significantly depleted in many physiological scenarios. In contrast, the effect on plasma concentrations is much lower, specifically for smaller organs with lower perfusion. Moreover, in scenarios with fast internalization of the drug–target complex, the distribution of large molecules from plasma to tissue interstitial space emerges as a rate‐limiting step for the drug–target interaction. These factors may lead to overpredicting local drug concentrations when considering only plasma pharmacokinetics. A sensitivity analysis revealed the high and not always intuitive impact of drug‐specific parameters, including the drug molecule hydrodynamic radius, dissociation constant (Kd), drug–target complex internalization rate constant (kint), and target dissociation rate constant (koff), on the drug's pharmacokinetics. Our analysis demonstrated that tissue TMDD needs to be considered even if plasma pharmacokinetics are linear.
Mushrooms and Colorectal Cancer: Unveiling Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Innovations
Authors: Kurl Samridhi , Kaur Snimmer , Mittal Neeraj , Kaur Gurpreet 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNature has bestowed us with an abundant reservoir of resources that besides having nutritional value, are prolific mines of bioactive constituents with a plethora of medicinal activities. Mushrooms have been used since centuries in traditional system of medicine for their purported health benefits including anticancer activities. Thorough research, spanning over centuries in Japan, China, Korea, and the USA, has established the unique properties of mushrooms and their extractives in the prevention and treatment of various types cancer. The aim of the review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature highlighting the potential relationship between mushrooms and colorectal cancer. Different databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched and a total of 62 articles and two book chapters were reviewed, and data were extracted. Multiple studies have demonstrated that mushrooms exhibit anticancer activities, effectively reducing adverse side effects such as nausea, myelosuppression, anemia, and sleeplessness. Furthermore, they have been shown to mitigate drug resistance following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Certain species such as Antrodia, Pleurotus, Ganoderma, Lentinula, Hericium, Cantharellus, Clitocybe, Coprinopsis, Trametes, Sparassis, Lactarius, and so on manifest anticancer activity in colon. The article can help improve the scientific understanding of the co‐relationship between mushrooms and colorectal cancer. This may help in advancing the research directions and integrating the mushroom‐based strategies into current treatment protocols of colorectal cancer.
Constrained Control of Autonomous Underwater Gliders Based on Disturbance Estimation and Tracking Back Calculation
Authors: Lei Ming , Jia Fuxin , Chai Haoruo , Ding Shuoshuo , Zhang Tiedong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article presents an anti‐disturbance constrained control scheme for the pitch channel of autonomous underwater gliders subject to internal and external disturbances, as well as actuator saturation. First, the integral control technique is employed to develop a disturbance observer to estimate the overall effect of possible uncertainties and disturbances on the nominal vehicle model, which is referred to as the mismatched lumped disturbance. Then, a disturbance rejection control law is constructed based on the disturbance observer. Following that, a straightforward anti‐windup modification is proposed to handle potential input constraints by using the tracking back calculation technique. Specifically, the difference between saturated and unsaturated control input signals is utilized to create a feedback signal that addresses the disturbance observer input, thereby alleviating system windup during actuator saturation events. Furthermore, the stability of the overall closed‐loop system is established in term of the Lyapunov stability theorem, demonstrating that the tracking error is ultimately bounded. Compared with some existing anti‐windup control schemes, the suggested approach offers intuitive design guidelines, resulting in a simple controller that can be easily implemented. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme are verified through simulation results.
Dispersion on the Complete Graph
Authors: De Ambroggio Umberto , Makai Tamás , Panagiotou Konstantinos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider a synchronous process of particles moving on the vertices of a graph , introduced by Cooper et al. Initially, particles are placed on a vertex of . At the beginning of each time step, for every vertex inhabited by at least two particles, each of these particles moves independently to a neighbor chosen uniformly at random. The process ends at the first step when no vertex is inhabited by more than one particle. Cooper et al. showed that when the underlying graph is the complete graph on vertices, then there is a phase transition when the number of particles . They showed that if for some fixed , then the process finishes in a logarithmic number of steps, while if , an exponential number of steps are required with high probability. Here we provide a thorough asymptotic analysis of the dispersion time around criticality, where , and describe the transition from logarithmic to exponential time. As a consequence of our results we establish, for example, that the dispersion time is in probability and in expectation in when , and provide qualitative bounds for its tail behavior.
Effects of entrepreneurship and governance quality on global and regional economic performance: A pathway to sustainable development
Authors: Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Emeka Ekene ThankGod , Ogbuabor Chukwunweike A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of entrepreneurship and governance quality on global and regional economic performance, and the moderating influence of governance quality on the entrepreneurship‐economic performance nexus. The study used a panel of 109 countries from 2010 to 2022. Prais‐Winsten regression, standard Fixed Effects regression with robust standard errors, Fixed Effects regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors, and the dynamic system GMM regression were used. We find that the unconditional effect of entrepreneurship on global economic performance is mainly negative, while governance quality predominantly exerts positive effect on global economic performance, but generally failed to moderate the adverse effect of entrepreneurship. Interestingly, we find regional disparities indicating that the patterns in Europe and Asia align with the global results, while the dynamics in the Americas show that the unconditional effect of entrepreneurship on economic performance is mainly positive and significant, with governance quality also exerting significant positive influence and reinforcing the positive effect of entrepreneurship. For Africa, we find that entrepreneurship is a potent driver of economic performance when it is measured using Total Early‐stage Entrepreneurial Activity and Entrepreneurial Employee Activity. We discussed the policy implications of these findings in relation to the sustainable development goals.
Synergistic Electronic Interaction in PdCu Alloy/TiO2‐NSs for Ambient Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Ashraf Saima , Liu Yanyan , Liu Shuling , Mehdi Sehrish , Zhang Huanhuan , Shen Ruofan , Guo Xianji , Wu Xianli , Jiang Jianchun , Wang Yongfeng , Li Baojun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPalladium‐based catalysts are remarkable in endorsing hydrogen (H2) generation through formic acid (HCOOH, FA) dehydrogenation under near‐ambient conditions. Hydrogen energy efficiency depends on high‐performance catalyst design. In this study, Pd‐Cu nanoalloy catalysts with mutable atomic ratios are successfully fabricated on TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2‐NSs).The synergistic electronic interactions between Palladium (Pd) and copper (Cu) are revealed through a density of states (DOS) analysis of alloy supported over a mixed valence state of Ti linked to oxygen vacancies (Vo) in TiO2‐NSs, Enhanced adsorption of target molecules reveals novel active sites for Formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD), with O─H bond cleavage via HCOO formate intermediate preceding C─H and C─O bond cleavage. Experimental and theoretical research demonstrates that the Pd‐Cu/TiO2‐NSs (3:7) catalyst d electron redistribution and d‐band center shift lower the activation energy for O─H bond cleavage, exhibit superior H2 production than pure Pd and Cu, increasing Pd electron density due to synergistic effects from reactive crystal facets, defects, and strong metal support interactions (SMSI), lowering the activation energy for HCOOH dissociation step, generating carbon dioxide (CO2) and H2 with a unprecedented high turnover frequency (TOF) of 6268 molH2.h−1.molPd−1 at 303K with activation energy (Ea) of 15 KJ mol−1. This attempt models an efficient HCOOH‐to‐hydrogen catalyst.