bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Polymorphism Underlying Alternative Reproductive Tactics in Eurycea Salamanders
Authors: Kalki Yatin , Pierson Todd W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlternative reproductive tactics are discrete, intrasexual differences in reproductive behaviour within a population. In some cases, these complex phenotypes are determined by autosomal supergenes or sex chromosomes—both of which exhibit reduced recombination and thus enable the linked inheritance of co‐adapted alleles from multiple loci. Most alternative reproductive tactics in amphibians are plastic (and reversible), environmentally determined and lacking morphological differentiation, but a striking exception is found in the two‐lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) species complex. In some populations, two distinct male phenotypes coexist: ‘searching’ males have mental glands, protruding premaxillary teeth and elongate cirri used in terrestrial courtship, while ‘guarding’ males lack these traits and instead have hypertrophied jaw musculature used in mate guarding at aquatic nesting sites. These tactics differ in many morphological and behavioural phenotypes, but their proximate cause has not yet been described. Here, we generated genome‐wide SNP data from > 130 Eurycea cf. wilderae collected from Highlands Biological Station. We provide evidence for an XY sex determination and for a Y‐linked polymorphism underlying alternative reproductive tactics in this population. We then develop and validate a PCR‐based genotyping assay and apply it to characterise the sex ratio and relative frequency of male tactics from a sample of larvae. Our results add to the growing body of literature exploring the importance of supergenes and sex chromosomes in complex intraspecific polymorphisms, and we highlight opportunities for future work to continue exploring the genomic architecture of these traits.
Bisphosphonate therapy for persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation—A case report
Authors: Sin Ho‐Kwan , Lo Kin‐Yee , Lo Man‐Wai , Chan Shuk‐Fan , Lo Kwok‐Chi , Wong Yuk‐Yi , Ho Lo‐Yi , Kwok Wing‐Tung , Chan Kai‐Chun , Kwong Joy Melody , Mak Siu‐Ka , Wong Ping‐Nam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPost‐transplant hyperparathyroidism (PT‐HPT) is common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and can cause nephrocalcinosis and graft dysfunction. Cinacalcet is commonly used for treating PT‐HPT but may induce calciuria and exacerbate nephrocalcinosis. The concurrent use of bisphosphonates with cinacalcet to prevent this complication has not been reported. We report a case of PT‐HPT‐associated graft dysfunction. The patient had ESRD due to IgAN. She had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 7 years before undergoing kidney transplantation (KT). Pre‐KT intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was 101 pmol/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 205 IU/L, Ca 2.40 mmol/L and PO4 2.2 mmol/L. There was immediate graft function after KT and the existence of persistent hyperparathyroidism (Cr 72 μmol/L, eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, Ca 2.85 mmol/L, PO4 0.6 mmol/L, ALP 315 IU/L, iPTH 16.4 pmol/L). Progressive renal impairment ensued over the next 10 months (Cr 146 μmol/L, eGFR 34 mL/min/1.73 m2, Ca 2.77 mmol/L, PO4 0.9 mmol/L, ALP 142 IU/L, iPTH 24.4 pmol/L). Graft biopsy at 10 months post‐KT revealed widespread tubular calcifications and no evidence of rejection. Intravenous pamidronate 60 mg was given quarterly for 3 doses in addition to cinacalcet therapy. ALP decreased from 147 to 81 IU/L despite refractory PT‐HPT and renal function improved. Total parathyroidectomy was performed 1 month after the last pamidronate dose. Renal function remained stable for up to 4 years post‐KT (Cr 151 μmol/L, eGFR 33 mL/min/1.73 m2, Ca 2.19 mmol/L, PO4 1.3 mmol/L, ALP 70 IU/L, iPTH < 0.1 pmol/L). Our case report highlights the therapeutic potential of pamidronate in addition to cinacalcet in the management of PT‐HPT‐associated nephrocalcinosis.
Biomechanical Characteristics of First Coronal Reverse Vertebrae in Lenke Type V Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Study Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Shang Zhenguo , Hou Zhiyong , Chen Wei , Chang Hengrui , Xu Jiaxin , Zhang Di , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhether first coronal reverse vertebrae (FCRV) can directly cause biomechanical changes in adjacent segments remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the biomechanical changes in adjacent discs of the FCRV to better understand the stress distribution of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).MethodsAccording to the plain CT scan data of T8–T10 segment of an AIS patient, T9 was the FCRV, and a three‐dimensional FE model was established accurately. The T8–T9 segment disc was defined as the adjacent upper disc (UD), axial section as half of the upper disc (HUD). Similarly, T9–T10 segment disc was the adjacent lower disc (LD), axial section as half of the lower disc (HLD). The biomechanical changes in adjacent discs of the FCRV under different loads were assessed.ResultsThe maximum Von‐Mises stress values of the LD were greater under various loads than those of the HLD, UD, and HUD. The average stress on the LD was greater than that of the other discs under the left lateral bending (LLB) or right lateral bending (RLB) load. It was noted that the concave side of the LD was subjected to greater stress under the neutral standing or LLB load compared with convex side. Additionally, the concave side of the LD was subjected to greater stress under the LLB or RLB load compared with that of other discs. Interestingly, the same trends were observed for the convex side of the LD.ConclusionsFCRV caused LD to take on greater stress magnitudes. The stress showed a trend of local concentration, which was in the concave side of the scoliosis. These findings could contribute to further treatment planning for the patient and aid physicians' management decision‐making.
Impact of Fasciola hepatica Infection and Triclabendazole Treatment on Humoral Immune Response in Cattle
Authors: Costa Monique , Saravia Anderson , Ubios Diego , Paolazzi Claudio , Capozzo Alejandra , Freire Teresa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite of significant veterinary and public health importance, causing economic losses in livestock due to liver damage, weight loss and reduced milk production. Although triclabendazole (TCZ) is available for treatment, it does not prevent the disease or reinfection. Infected animals exhibit strong immunoregulation, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and altering vaccine‐induced antibody responses. This study investigates the humoral immune response in cattle infected with F. hepatica at different stages of infection and evaluates the effect of TCZ treatment on this response. It also examines how fasciolosis affects the antibody response induced by bacterial vaccines during early and chronic infection stages. Experimental infections in steers were conducted, with faecal and plasma samples collected at various intervals. The results showed a decrease in parasite‐specific antibody avidity during infection. However, F. hepatica infection did not substantially modify antibody response to bacterial vaccines. This study underscores the need for further research on the impact of fasciolosis and its treatment on livestock vaccination efficacy.
Incidence of adverse events related to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children
Authors: Côté Jade , Chaloult‐Lavoie Mathilde , Poulin Élisabeth , Hayes Laurence A. , Singbo Mahukpe Narcisse U. , Ouellet Pierre , Pelland‐Marcotte Marie‐Claude 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used in the treatment of pediatric diseases, although data about IVIG‐related adverse events (IVIG‐AEs) are limited. Objectives of this study were to document the incidence of IVIG‐AEs in pediatric hospitalized patients and to identify risk factors for IVIG‐AEs.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients <18 years old who received IVIG therapy while admitted at a Canadian pediatric tertiary care center between 2016 and 2020. Patients and IVIG‐perfusions characteristics were collected, as well as IVIG‐AEs. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore predictors of IVIG‐AEs.ResultsWe included 228 children, totaling 478 IVIG perfusions. Indications included treatment for inflammatory (52.6%), autoimmune disorders (35.5%), and immunoglobulin replacement (11.8%). A total of 213 IVIG‐AEs were reported. Fever (13.6%) and headache (6.7%) were the most frequent IVIG‐AEs. Most IVIG‐AEs were mild (57%) or moderate (31%) in severity, but 12% were severe reactions. The following factors were predictive of IVIG‐AEs in univariate analyses: older age (OR 1.14 [95% CI: 1.07–1.21]), dehydration (OR 2.55 [95% CI: 1.43–4.55]), concurrent allergies (OR 2.87 [95% CI: 1.26–6.56]), first perfusion (OR 1.53 [95% CI: 1.02–2.30]), and higher dosage (OR 2.14 [95% CI: 1.39–3.33]). Concurrent steroids decreased the risk of IVIG‐AEs (OR 0.43 [95% CI: 0.19–0.96]). Older age and higher IVIG dose remained independent predictors of IVIG‐AEs in multivariable analyses.ConclusionsMild IVIG‐AEs are frequent in children, and serious reactions may occur. Prospective studies are needed to confirm risk factors for IVIG‐AEs and to evaluate how to best prevent them.
Healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers receiving standard treatment in randomised controlled trials: A random effects meta‐analysis
Authors: Coye Tyler L. , Bargas Ochoa Miguel , Zulbaran‐Rojas Alejandro , Martinez Leal Bernardo , Ouattas Abderrahman , Tarricone Arthur , Chung Jayer , Najafi Bijan , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aimed to systematically assess and synthesise healing rates within a 12‐ to 24‐week treatment period among patients with diabetic foot ulcers receiving standard‐of‐care interventions in randomised controlled trials. This meta‐analysis included 32 randomised controlled trials conducted between 1996 and 2023, with sample sizes ranging from 9 to 169 patients. A random‐effects model was applied to estimate pooled healing and infection rates. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. The results revealed a pooled healing rate of 33.15% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 31.18%–35.11% and an average healing time of approximately 50.14 days (standard deviation: 31.10 days). The infection proportion was determined to be 17.4% (95% CI: 12.2%–22.5%). Subgroup analysis indicated marginally higher healing rates in the ‘Saline Gauze’ group compared to the ‘Alginate’ group, although the latter exhibited a reduced infection proportion. Sensitivity analysis affirmed the robustness of these findings whereas Egger's test suggested the presence of potential publication bias concerning the healing outcomes. The standard‐of‐care interventions for diabetic foot ulcers demonstrate limited effectiveness, with only about one‐third of patients achieving wound closure. The significant heterogeneity and publication bias observed necessitate a cautious interpretation of these results. The findings highlight the need for advanced wound care strategies and personalised treatment plans to improve outcomes in diabetic foot ulcers management. Future research should focus on conducting high‐quality, well‐reported randomised controlled trials to better understand effective treatments for DFUs.
Octonionic Hahn–Banach theorem for para‐linear functionals
Authors: Huo Qinghai , Ren Guangbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGoldstine and Horwitz introduced the octonionic Hilbert space in 1964, sparking extensive research into octonionic linear operators. A recent discovery unveiled a significant characteristic of octonionic Hilbert spaces: an axiom, once deemed insurmountable, has been found not to be independent of other axioms. This discovery gives rise to a novel concept known as octonionic para‐linear functionals. The purpose of this paper is to establish the octonionic Hahn–Banach theorem for para‐linear functionals. Due to the non‐associativity, the submodule generalized by an element is no longer of the form . This phenomenon makes it difficult to apply the octonionic Hahn–Banach theorem if the theorem holds only for functionals defined on octonionic submodules. In this paper, we introduce a notion of para‐linear functionals on real subspaces and establish the octonionic Hahn–Banach theorem for such functionals. Then we apply it to obtain some valuable corollaries and discuss the reflexivity of Banach ‐modules.
Rolling Element Bearing Fault Diagnosis by the Implementation of Elman Neural Networks With Long Short-Term Memory Strategy
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Khot S. M. , Yelve Nitesh P. , Jagadeesha T. , Desavale R. G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bearing clearance is a common issue in mechanical systems due to unavoidable assembly errors, leading to weak fault features that are challenging to detect. This study introduces a novel diagnostic technique for detecting bearing clearance faults using the Elman neural network (ENN)-based long short-term memory (LSTM). The raw vibration data from an accelerometer are processed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract frequency-domain features. ENN is employed to identify clearance faults under various operating conditions, while LSTM captures temporal dependencies in the data. This hybrid ENN-LSTM approach eliminates the need for manual feature extraction, reducing the risk of errors associated with expert-driven methods. The proposed method demonstrates robust generalization performance and achieves an average fault identification accuracy of 99.16% across different operating conditions. This research offers valuable insights for improving fault diagnostics in rotor-bearing systems.
Freeman Scholar Lecture (2021)—Sharp-Interface Immersed Boundary Methods in Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Mittal Rajat , Seo Jung-Hee , Turner Jacob , Kumar Sushrut , Prakhar Suryansh , Zhou Ji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Immersed boundary methods (IBMs) have evolved over the past 50 years from a specialized technique in biofluid dynamics and applied mathematics to a cornerstone of computational fluid dynamics. Many recent advancements in immersed boundary methods have centered on sharp-interface immersed boundary methods, which offer enhanced accuracy and fidelity for flow simulations. This paper outlines the key principles that have driven our own efforts in the development of sharp-interface immersed boundary methods over the past 25 years. We also highlight the power and versatility of these methods by showcasing a range of applications, spanning biolocomotion (i.e., swimming and flying), physiological flows, compressible aerodynamics, fluid–structure interaction (FSI), and flow-induced noise.
Design Process for Scaled Model Wind Turbines Using Field Measurements
Authors: Jauregui-Correa Juan Carlos , Franco-Piña Jesus Alejandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a method for designing wind turbine-scaled models based on field data. The scaling process requires careful consideration of the system's physical laws and similarity criteria. Scaling methods depend on the prototype's operating conditions (full-size wind turbine) and the experimental conditions (scaled model dimensions and wind tunnel capabilities). The data from a field turbine are the input for creating a scaled model and testing it in a wind tunnel. There are few field data available. The task is not straightforward since most operating conditions must be satisfied, and the similarity criteria could result in different scaled models and wind tunnel conditions. The drawback of the scaling models is their inability to reproduce all the operating conditions. The method presented here considers most of the recommended similarities, including the dynamic modeling of the system and two additional similarities, one related to the blade's natural frequencies and the other to the rotor's moment of inertia. The additional similarities allow the designers to define the blade's mass and stiffness. The final scaled-model design was obtained by modifying the blade profile to reproduce similar power, pitch momentum, and trust coefficients, keeping the same twist angle as the prototype. Since the possible profiles are too large, the best approximation was obtained by comparing the coefficient curves of different blade profiles with the prototype's curves. The curves were calculated using the blade element momentum (BEM) method. It was found that the scaled model has an entirely different design.
Strengths-Based Media Coverage of Disability: Can Viewing the Paralympic Games Change Attitudes Toward Disability?
Authors: Carr-Kirby Kelly , Weir Patricia , Horton Sean 
Published: December 2024

Strengths-based media coverage of people with disability challenges deficits-based perceptions of impairment that are elicited through a traditional, medical model. As an evaluation of strengths-based media coverage, we examined the impact of viewing Paralympic media coverage on explicit attitudes toward people with disability. University students (N = 135, Mage = 20.2 years) were assigned to a 12-day experimental condition of viewing either (a) Paralympic events (n = 47), (b) Olympic events (n = 48), or (c) no media coverage (n = 40). Attitudes toward disability were assessed pre- and postintervention using the Attitudes to Disability Scale. Repeated-measures profile analysis with a doubly multivariate design did not reveal improved attitudes toward disability after viewing Paralympic media coverage. Supporting previous work that questioned the ability of the Paralympic Games to alter perceptions of disability, these results suggest that the International Paralympic Committee is not achieving their intended legacy of inclusion.
The Distance Effect and Dual Task on Attentional Focus Cues During a Bimanual Task
Authors: Yamada Masahiro , Ansari Omid , Emami Ali , Saberi Kakhki Alireza , Iwatsuki Takehiro 
Published: December 2024

Motor performance has been shown to be superior when focusing on a physically farther environmental cue (external focus-far, EF-far) instead of a cue proximal to the body (EF-near). However, little is known about whether these foci affect bimanual tasks. Further, the effect of visual information on attentional focus is unclear. In the present study, healthy young participants were assigned to one of the internal focus (IF; n = 17), EF-far (n = 17), or EF-near (n = 17) groups and completed a tracking task on one day and two dual tasks on another day. During the dual-task tests, participants responded to auditory or visual stimuli while performing the primary tracking task. Results showed that both EF groups outperformed the IF group. Our results revealed that the EF groups improved in movement time and error, but the IF group did not improve in errors across the experiment. No distance effect was found. Also, the EF benefits over IF did not appear until later blocks of trials. Regarding the effect of vision, the distance effect was evident only during the auditory dual task condition, but not during the visual dual task condition when the primary task was distracted by the visual secondary task.
Taking Steps Toward Open Data in Motor Control, Learning, and Development
Authors: Lohse Keith R. 
Published: December 2024

Data sharing is increasingly becoming a scientific norm due to its potential to accelerate discovery and reduce research waste. Despite significant investment in biomedical research, much of it fails to produce actionable knowledge, with timelines to impactful outcomes often exceeding 15 years when successful. Limited access to existing data contributes to this inefficiency, leading to redundant data collection and poorly designed studies. Governments are implementing policies that encourage data sharing for federally funded research, but all research stands to benefit from data sharing regardless of the funding source. Although data sharing practices have improved in some fields, their adoption remains minimal in areas like motor control, learning, and development. This editorial discusses the advantages of data sharing, including accelerating discovery, enhancing collaboration, and improving transparency and reproducibility. The editorial acknowledges concerns related to privacy, recognition for data sharing, and the risk of data misuse or misinterpretation, discussing productive ways to ameliorate these concerns.
Socioeconomic Status and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the J-SHINE
Authors: Matsushita Munehiro , Takagi Daisuke , Kamada Masamitsu 
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and optimal movement behaviors including sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), regular leisure-time PA, and less sedentary behavior. Methods: We used data from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood conducted in 2012. Activity patterns and SES were measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Version and other self-administered questionnaires. Activity pattern outcomes assessed were sufficient total volume of moderate-to-vigorous PA (≥150 min/wk), regular leisure-time PA (≥1 d/wk), less sedentary time (≤4 h/d), and optimal movement behaviors (meeting all criteria). SES variables were equivalized annual income, educational attainment, and occupation. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Results: We included 731 men and 852 women. Lower income levels were associated with less leisure-time PA among men and women (men, odds ratio [OR]: 0.60 and 0.65 for Q2 and Q1 [lowest], respectively; women, OR: 0.53 and 0.56 for Q2 and Q1 [lowest]). Lower SES groups associated with less sedentary time (men, OR: 1.82 for blue-collar; women, OR: 1.44 for Q1 income level, 1.61 and 1.53 for junior college, technical school, and high school/junior high school, respectively; 1.89 for unemployed). SES was not significantly associated with optimal movement behavior in both sexes (in men, OR for those with high school or junior high school education vs those with university or graduate school education = 0.81 [0.43–1.53]). Conclusion: Activity patterns varied by SES, with lower income associated with less leisure-time PA and white-collar workers associated with more prevalent sedentary behavior among both sexes.