bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding of HIV/AIDS in the international border area, Manipur: Northeast India
Authors: Sharma A. L. , Singh T. R. , Singh L. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractManipur, an international border region has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in India. Nevertheless, there have been no analytical reviews of research article published within this region. In this review, the authors aim to draw the attention of policy makers, medical practitioners and researchers in adopting new strategies to limit the expansion of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) not only in Manipur but also in other international border areas. A systematic search for published literature in last decade was performed based on the keywords ‘Manipur’ and ‘HIV’ using the PubMed. Twenty-six articles were selected and reviewed. There were high incidence of drug resistance (53%), emergence of recombinant virus (32%) and increased incidence of co-infection with hepatitis C virus. The prime cause of the HIV is due to the uses of ‘heroin’ smuggled from the ‘South Asia Golden Triangle’ and complex patterns of cross-border movement for trade and commerce. The drug abuse, social stigma, geographical location and resource limitation and socio-political problem of the region have contributed strongly on spreading and failure of preventively programme of HIV/AIDS. This review will provide vital knowledge for the policy makers and clinicians for sentinel surveillance of AIDS pandemic in Manipur and other international border regions.
Serum folate and vitamin B12 status in young Brazilian children
Authors: Silva Lara LS , Fawzi Wafaie W , Cardoso Marly A ,   for the ENFAC Working Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of folate and vitamin B12 with anaemia in young children.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted at the primary health-care centres of four Brazilian cities. Folate and vitamin B12 were assessed by fluoroimmunoassay. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to explore the association of folate and vitamin B12 status in relation to anaemia in young children.SettingBrazil.ParticipantsChildren (n 460) aged 11 to 15 months.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) of serum folate was 39·7 (28·8–55·3) nmol/l and only four children presented with folate deficiency (&lt;10 nmol/l). Surprisingly, 30·9 % of children presented with serum folate concentrations above the upper limit of detectable values by the commercial kit used for analysis. The frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency (&lt;148 pmol/l) was 15 % and it was inversely associated with the highest tertile of serum folate concentrations (P&lt;0·001). Having high serum folate concentration (≥50·1 nmol/l) and vitamin B12≥148 pmol/l was associated with lower frequency of anaemia in these children (prevalence ratio=0·53; 95% CI 0·30, 0·92).ConclusionsHigh frequency of elevated serum concentration of folate was found among young Brazilian children and 15 % of them had vitamin B12 deficiency. The combination of high serum folate and normal vitamin B12 status was associated with a lower frequency of anaemia in these children. Improvements in the current strategies to promote healthy food-based complementary feeding along with prevention and control of micronutrient deficiencies are recommended to improve children’s health.
Mixed-technology quasi-reflectionless planar filters: bandpass, bandstop, and multi-band designs
Authors: Simpson Dakotah J. , Gómez-García Roberto , Psychogiou Dimitra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe design of mixed-technology quasi-reflectionless planar bandpass filters (BPFs), bandstop filters (BSFs), and multi-band filters is reported. The proposed quasi-reflectionless filter architectures comprise a main filtering section that determines the power transmission response (bandpass, bandstop, or multi-band type) of the overall circuit network and auxiliary sections that absorb the reflected radio-frequency (RF) signal energy. By loading the input and output ports of the main filtering section with auxiliary filtering sections that exhibit a complementary transfer function with regard to the main one, a symmetric quasi-reflectionless behavior can be obtained at both accesses of the overall filter. The operating principles of the proposed filter concept are shown through synthesized first-order BPF and BSF designs. Selectivity-increase techniques are also described. They are based on: (i) cascading in-series multiple first-order stages and (ii) increasing the order of the filtering sections. Moreover, the RF design of quasi-reflectionless multi-band BPFs and BSFs is discussed. A hybrid integration scheme in which microstrip-type and lumped-elements are effectively combined within the filter volume is investigated for size miniaturization purposes. For experimental validation purposes, two quasi-reflectionless BPF prototypes (one- and two-stage architectures) centered at 2 GHz and a second-order BSF prototype centered at 1 GHz were designed, manufactured, and measured.
The Line Manager’s Role in Implementing Successful Organizational Interventions
Authors: Christensen Marit , Innstrand Siw Tone , Saksvik Per Øystein , Nielsen Karina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to discuss the role of the line manager in implementing to plan, implement and evaluate successful organizational interventions using our experiences from the ARK-program. Earlier literature has shown that line managers have a major influence on an intervention’s outcomes (Nielsen, 2017; Saksvik, Nytrø, Dahl-Jørgensen, & Mikkelsen, 2002), however, there is a lack of knowledge about the managements’ role throughout the entire intervention process and how line managers are influenced by the context at different levels. We therefore discuss the line managers’ role within the five phase cycle of an organizational intervention, including preparation, screening, action planning, implementation and evaluation. We also introduce a more in-depth understanding of the context by using of the IGLO-model (Individual, Group, Leadership and Organizational level). Based on our knowledge and experience from the ARK-program we make some recommendations for (a) what the line managers need throughout the five phases in order to contribute to a successful intervention, and (b) on what the line manager has to provide in order to develop and implement a successful intervention process.
Similarity Among Atmospheric Thermal Stratifications Over Elevated Surfaces Under Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Nie Ji , Xia Yan , Hu Shineng , Yuan Wei , Yang Jun , Ma Ding 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn air column under radiative‐convective equilibrium is studied here to understand equilibrium climate over different surface elevations. Cloud‐resolving model (CRM) simulations show that atmospheric thermal stratifications exhibit similar structures when expressed in sigma coordinates over varying surface elevations under radiative‐convective equilibrium. A zero‐buoyancy plume model that reproduces CRM results is used to interpret related processes. As surface pressure decreases, decreased pressure on a certain σ level leads to decreases of moist adiabatic temperature lapse rate, which largely cancel the increases of moist adiabatic lapse rate by temperature decreases. Meanwhile, the invariance of convective entrainment/detrainment rates keeps the deviation of environmental temperature lapse rate from moist adiabat approximately invariant, result in similar thermal stratifications under varying surface pressures. A comparison of thermodynamic profiles over the Tibetan Plateau with those over plains in reanalysis confirms the similarity found in CRM simulations. This similarity provides a useful simplification for representing the effects of convection.
Mean and Eddy‐Driven Heat Advection in the Ocean Region Adjacent to the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge Derived From Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Lundrigan S. , Demirov E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlong‐track altimeter and sea surface temperature satellite observations and ARGO in situ measurements of temperature and salinity are used to investigate the heat transport by mean currents and eddies in the ocean region adjacent to the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge from 2003 to 2008. Our results show that the heat advection by the mean flow in the surface layer is zonally asymmetric with a higher magnitude in the western part of the region. This asymmetry is associated with an excessive mean heat advection in an area adjacent to the Denmark Strait. The advection of heat is high and positive south of the strait and low and negative north of it. We suggest that this heat advection impacts the local budgets of heat and potential energy of the mean flow in the surface layer. The mesoscale eddies are identified and their characteristics, including radius, sea level anomaly, lifetime, and paths of propagation, are assessed by using along‐track altimeter data. About 70% of the eddies are observed in the eastern part of the studied region. The eddy‐induced heat transport by warm mesoscale eddies in the Norwegian Sea was found to be about 2.5 times larger than the mean advection by the Norwegian Atlantic Current. We suggest, therefore, that the eddy‐induced transport is a dominant factor in the heat budget of this region.
Temporal Characterization of Dust Activity in the Central Patagonia Desert (Years 1964–2017)
Authors: Gassó S. , Torres O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDust emitted from the southern end of South America (SSA) is transported long distances over the Southern Ocean and deposited over this marine ecosystem. Whether the nutrients released through dissolution have a biogeochemical impact is a question with biological as well as climate implications, yet there is no clear answer. Additionally, the provenance of dust recently found in accumulated snow in East Antarctica is still a matter of debate. The Patagonia desert in SSA is the likely source, but there are no detailed records documenting dust activity in this area, thereby preventing any definite assessments. Here we provide a survey of modern dust activity of the largest dust source in SSA, the lake Colhué Huapi in central Patagonia. We analyzed five decades (1964–2017) of surface synoptic observations (World Meteorological Weather Present weather codes) and concurrent satellite aerosol detection (UV Aerosol Index from the Total Ozone Monitoring Sensor and Ozone Monitoring Instrument detectors, 1978–2017). We assessed the seasonal, year‐to‐year variability and periods of major dust activity. Several periods of enhanced activity were found with roughly 2‐ to 10‐year duration each (1970–1976, 1989–1994, 1996–1997, and 1999–2017). While dust activity peaks during summer months, wintertime activity during the most active years can well exceed the summer average of nonactive years. For a period of coincident satellite observations, the occurrence of at least three periods of high activity is confirmed. Since satellite detection is more sensitive to mesoscale dust events, the large events that occurred during these periods brought abundant dust into the SW South Atlantic. Satellites with polar orbits tend to under detect dust events in this region. Significant cloudiness obstructs the direct view of dust, and dust activity tends to occur late in the afternoon after the overpass of polar satellites. These observations have a time span adequate for comparison with transport models and modern records of dust samples collected in East Antarctica. The results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic of modern dust transport in the Southern Hemisphere, the provenance of dust found in Antarctica, and the provenance of eolian nutrients into the Southern Ocean.
A chemically fuelled self-replicator
Authors: Morrow Sarah M. , Colomer Ignacio , Fletcher Stephen P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe continuous consumption of chemical energy powers biological systems so that they can operate functional supramolecular structures. A goal of modern science is to understand how simple chemical mixtures may transition from non-living components to truly emergent systems and the production of new lifelike materials and machines. In this work a replicator can be maintained out-of-equilibrium by the continuous consumption of chemical energy. The system is driven by the autocatalytic formation of a metastable surfactant whose breakdown products are converted back into building blocks by a chemical fuel. The consumption of fuel allows the high-energy replicators to persist at a steady state, much like a simple metabolic cycle. Thermodynamically-driven reactions effect a unidirectional substrate flux as the system tries to regain equilibrium. The metastable replicator persists at a higher concentration than achieved even transiently in a closed system, and its concentration is responsive to the rate of fuel supply.
Author Correction: A shape-shifting redox foldase contributes to Proteus mirabilis copper resistance
Authors: Furlong Emily J. , Lo Alvin W. , Kurth Fabian , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Totsika Makrina , Achard Maud E. S. , Halili Maria A. , Heras Begoña , Whitten Andrew E. , Choudhury Hassanul G. , Schembri Mark A. , Martin Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2019

This Article contains errors in Fig. 1, Table 1 and the Methods section. In panel c, the labels for PmScsC and EcDsbC in the upper two curves are interchanged. In Table 1 and the Methods section entitled ‘Extended structure’, the space group of the extended PmScsC structure is incorrectly referred to as H32 and should read H32. Correct versions of Fig. 1 and Table 1 are presented below; the errors have not been corrected in the Article.
Tyrosine phosphorylation activates 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and promotes tumor growth and radiation resistance
Authors: Liu Ruilong , Li Wenfeng , Tao Bangbao , Wang Xiongjun , Yang Zhuo , Zhang Yajuan , Wang Chenyao , Liu Rongzhi , Gao Hong , Liang Ji , Yang Weiwei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is a key enzyme that converts 6-phosphogluconate into ribulose-5-phosphate with NADP+ as cofactor in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). 6PGD is commonly upregulated and plays important roles in many human cancers, while the mechanism underlying such roles of 6PGD remains elusive. Here we show that upon EGFR activation, 6PGD is phosphorylated at tyrosine (Y) 481 by Src family kinase Fyn. This phosphorylation enhances 6PGD activity by increasing its binding affinity to NADP+ and therefore activates the PPP for NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, which consequently detoxifies intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accelerates DNA synthesis. Abrogating 6PGD Y481 phosphorylation (pY481) dramatically attenuates EGF-promoted glioma cell proliferation, tumor growth and resistance to ionizing radiation. In addition, 6PGD pY481 is associated with Fyn expression, the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. These findings establish a critical role of Fyn-dependent 6PGD phosphorylation in EGF-promoted tumor growth and radiation resistance.
Systematic analysis reveals the prevalence and principles of bypassable gene essentiality
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Hai-Tao , Wang Wei-Tao , Zhang Xiao-Ran , Suo Fang , Ren Jing-Yi , Bi Ying , Xue Ying-Xi , Hu Wen , Dong Meng-Qiu , Du Li-Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene essentiality is a variable phenotypic trait, but to what extent and how essential genes can become dispensable for viability remain unclear. Here, we investigate ‘bypass of essentiality (BOE)’ — an underexplored type of digenic genetic interaction that renders essential genes dispensable. Through analyzing essential genes on one of the six chromosome arms of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we find that, remarkably, as many as 27% of them can be converted to non-essential genes by BOE interactions. Using this dataset we identify three principles of essentiality bypass: bypassable essential genes tend to have lower importance, tend to exhibit differential essentiality between species, and tend to act with other bypassable genes. In addition, we delineate mechanisms underlying bypassable essentiality, including the previously unappreciated mechanism of dormant redundancy between paralogs. The new insights gained on bypassable essentiality deepen our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships and will facilitate drug development related to essential genes.
Multimodal switching of a redox-active macrocycle
Authors: Payne Daniel T. , Webre Whitney A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Zhu Nianyong , Futera Zdenĕk , Labuta Jan , Jevasuwan Wipakorn , Fukata Naoki , Fossey John S. , D’Souza Francis , Ariga Katsuhiko , Schmitt Wolfgang , Hill Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolecules that can exist in multiple states with the possibility of toggling between those states based on different stimuli have potential for use in molecular switching or sensing applications. Multimodal chemical or photochemical oxidative switching of an antioxidant-substituted resorcinarene macrocycle is reported. Intramolecular charge-transfer states, involving hemiquinhydrones are probed and these interactions are used to construct an oxidation-state-coupled molecular switching manifold that reports its switch-state conformation via striking variation in its electronic absorption spectra. The coupling of two different oxidation states with two different charge-transfer states within one macrocyclic scaffold delivers up to five different optical outputs. This molecular switching manifold exploits intramolecular coupling of multiple redox active substituents within a single molecule.
A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks
Authors: Hamilton Kerry , Reyneke Brandon , Waso Monique , Clements Tanya , Ndlovu Thando , Khan Wesaal , DiGiovanni Kimberly , Rakestraw Emma , Montalto Franco , Haas Charles N. , Ahmed Warish 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA broad body of literature has been published regarding roof-harvested rainwater quality around the world. In particular, the presence of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms has raised concerns regarding the acceptability of rainwater for potable and non-potable uses. As the use of molecular assays has improved understanding of the diverse microbial communities present in rainwater tanks and their role in providing benefits or harm to human health, a comprehensive review is needed to summarize the state of the science in this area. To provide a summary of microbial contaminants in rainwater tanks and contextual factors, a comprehensive review was conducted here to elucidate the uses of rainwater, factors affecting water quality, concentrations of fecal indicators and pathogens, the attribution of pathogens to host sources using microbial source tracking, microbial ecology, human health risks determined using epidemiological approaches and quantitative microbial risk assessment, and treatment approaches for mitigating risks. Research gaps were identified for pathogen concentration data, microbial source tracking approaches for identifying the sources of microbial contamination, limitations to current approaches for assessing viability, treatment, and maintenance practices. Frameworks should be developed to assess and prioritize these factors in order to optimize public health promotion for roof-harvested rainwater.
Analysis of the effect of PM10 on hand, foot and mouth disease in a basin terrain city
Authors: Yin Fei , Ma Yue , Zhao Xing , Lv Qiang , Liu Yaqiong , Li Xiaosong , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection that causes a substantial disease burden in the Asia-Pacific region. Various climate variables, such as humidity and temperature, have been associated with HFMD. However, few studies have assessed the impact of PM10 on childhood HFMD. This study investigated the association between PM10 and HFMD. We fitted a standard distributed lag non-linear model to investigate the temporal lagged relationship between PM10 and HFMD, and then further assessed whether this relationship varied by gender and pathogen. Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 122,564 HFMD cases under 15 years of age were reported in Chengdu. The PM10-HFMD associations were shown to be non-linear in all subgroups, with the peak at 101–218 μg/m3. Male children were more sensitive to PM10 effects. For pathogen-specific relative risks, we found that the risk estimates were generally higher in cases of CVA16 infection. Our study provides evidence that PM10 increases the risk of HFMD. Authorities and parents should be fully aware of the impact of PM10 on childhood HFMD. Furthermore, appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce risks.
Purification of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils. and its protective effects against DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Li Dihua , Zhuo Yuzhen , Zhang Qi , Zhang Lanqiu , Zhang Shukun , Lv Yuanshan , Li Caixia , Cui Lihua , Guan Xin , Yang Lei , Wang Ximo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSargentodoxa cuneata is a tropical plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat intestinal inflammation. In this study, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside (DAG) was purified from the stem of S. cuneata using macroporous resins and its bioactivity was also investigated. The adsorption/desorption of DAG on macroporous resins was investigated systematically. HPD300 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for DAG purification. Further dynamic absorption/desorption experiments on the HPD300 column were conducted to obtain the optimal parameters. To obtain more than 95% DAG, a second stage procedure was developed to purify the DAG using SiliaSphere C18 with 8% v/v acetonitrile through elution at low pressure. Further investigation showed that DAG pretreatment significantly reversed the shortening of colon length, the increase in the disease activity index (DAI) scores and histological damage in the colon. Moreover, DAG greatly increased SOD and GPx activities, significantly decreased MPO and MDA activities and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Free radical scavenging activities of DAG were assessed using DPPH, with an IC50 value of 17.03 ug/mL. Additionally, DAG suppressed ROS and proinflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. The results were indicative of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DAG. When viewed together, these findings indicated that DAG can be used to expand future pharmacological research and to potentially treat colitis.