bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forgetful Remembrance
Authors: Beiner Guy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
What happens when a society attempts to obscure inconvenient episodes in its past? In 1798, Ulster Protestants—in particular Presbyterians—participated alongside Catholics in the failed republican rebellion of the United Irishmen. In subsequent years, communities in counties Antrim and Down that had been heavily involved in the insurrection reconciled with the newly formed United Kingdom and identified with unionism. As Protestant loyalists closed ranks in face of resurgent Catholic nationalism, with many joining the Orange Order, Presbyterians had a vested interest to consign their rebel past to oblivion. Uncovering a vernacular historiography, to be found in oral traditions and often-unnoticed local writings, Guy Beiner shows that recollections of the rebellion persisted under a public facade of forgetting. Beneath a culture of silencing and reticence, he finds muted traditions of forgetful remembrance. Beiner follows the dynamics of social forgetting for over two centuries, starting with anxieties of being forgotten that preceded the insurrection. He reveals how bitter memories of repression prevented a policy of amnesty from facilitating amnesia. Clandestine traditions of defiant remembrance were regenerated and transmitted over several generations, yet when commemoration emerged into the open, it was met with violent responses. Prohibitions on public remembrance of 1798 seemed to come to an end by the bicentennial year of 1998, with the signing of the peace agreement in Northern Ireland, however the ambiguity of memory continues into the current post-conflict era. Comparative references demonstrate the wider relevance of the historical study of social forgetting.
Introduction
Authors: Beiner Guy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Questioning the inevitability of an inherent opposition between myth and history opens possibilities for rethinking our engagement with the past through the lens of ‘mythistory’. In the same vein, the concept of ‘vernacular historiography’ is introduced in relation to a number of related historiographical developments, namely: living history, history from below, people’s history, subaltern history, democratic history, ethnohistory, popular history, public history, applied history, everyday history, shared history, folk history, grass-roots history, as well as local and provincial history. In turn, the study of forgetting and of lieu d’oubli is identified as a new direction for advancing the field of Memory Studies and moving beyond our current understanding of lieux de mémoire. In particular, ‘social forgetting’, whereby communities try to supress recollections of inconvenient episodes in their past, is conceptualized as thriving on tensions between public reticence and muted remembrance in private. Finally, charting the forgetful remembrance of the 1798 rebellion in Ulster—known locally as ‘the Turn-Out’—is presented as an illuminating case study for coming to terms with social forgetting and vernacular historiography.
Amnesty and Amnesia
Authors: Beiner Guy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Policies of pacification through amnesty imply the promise of forgetting and forgiving. However, the attempt to decree collective amnesia from above is subject to contestation. The brutal suppression of the 1798 rebellion in Ulster, enforced through counter-revolutionary measures of state terror, and the limitations placed on the attempt to introduce amnesty for the rebels left a residue of bitter memories, which could not be openly discussed in public. Those who benefitted from pardons and converted to loyalism had an incentive to disremember the rebellion. In addition, transportation, exile, and mass emigration of former rebels removed many recollections from social memory. On the other hand, radicals were determined not to forget and cultivated clandestine narratives of counter-memory, which encouraged the development of a tensely ambiguous culture of social forgetting.
Regenerated Forgetting
Authors: Beiner Guy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Traditions of social forgetting, whereby awkward historical episodes are not commemorated in public but are still remembered in obscure forms, can be passed on over generations. With time, muted memories can emerge into the open, yet they still reflect various forms of restraint. The spread of Orangeism in Ulster, alongside unionist concerns about the rise of nationalism, provided a forceful context for disremembering Protestant involvement in the United Irishmen. The emergence of relics from 1798, including occasional discovery of skeletons, were salient reminders of the past. Whereas works of historical fiction that did not correspond to local traditions of the Turn-Out failed to attract attention, literary representations of folk memory were received with enthusiasm by popular readerships. Towards the end of the century, antiquarian interest fed into a cultural revival in Ulster, which was determined to bring long-hidden memories of Ninety-Eight into the public sphere.
Towards Contribution Analysis
Authors: Hodge R. Anthony 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Since the early 1990s, at least forty-five initiatives have been mounted to improve the environmental and social performance of the mining industry. Many changes in the formal legal and regulatory systems have also been introduced. However, no systematic approach has been adopted to test whether this effort is making a difference. Without such monitoring of success, the tension between companies, communities, and governments regarding the role of mining in society will continue. This chapter makes the case for using ‘contribution analysis’ to fill this gap, a systematic means to assess and track mining’s contribution to human and ecosystem well-being over the full project and product life cycles. This is a higher test than current practice. It brings out a fuller picture of the positives and negatives of natural resources and their management, provides greater opportunity for the perspectives of all interests to be heard, and is fairer.
Local Content, Supply Chains, and Shared Infrastructure
Authors: Östensson Olle 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Local content policies for extractive industries have attracted increased interest. Local content requirements are often included in legislation or contracts. Such efforts may be constrained by low capacity of potential suppliers, low skills, and the general business environment. A number of extractive industry companies have introduced supplier development programmes that attempt to reduce the constraints and skill gaps. Government industrial policies on local content vary: some prescribe quantitative targets for local content, while others focus on improving skills and raising the capacity of domestic industry. Infrastructure built for extractive industries can often be used by other economic activities. Difficulties in finding suitable financing arrangements have, however, limited the number of successful multi-user extractive industry-related infrastructure projects.
Choices for Spending Government Revenue
Authors: Witter Sophie , Jakobsen Maja 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines a broad range of opportunities for addressing the pressing human development needs of low-income countries by using new oil, gas, and mineral discoveries. It assesses how much of an impact can be made on the funding gaps for health and education by new oil and gas revenues, and what other uses of those revenues are likely to arise. The chapter argues that there is a strong case for investing natural resources revenues in social sectors, as they provide an opportunity to help to close the financing gaps in the African countries examined. However, the chapter also highlights that the political economy risks of this revenue stream are higher than for other types of revenues. Finally, it illustrates how a simple diagnostic framework can be used to help to guide social-sector investment decisions in the light of new natural resources revenues.
Capturing Economic and Social Benefits at the Community Level
Authors: Slack Keith 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Civil society organizations have played various roles in promoting the capture of benefits from and protection against the negative impacts of extractive industries. Payment disclosure is one potentially powerful tool for such organizations to promote greater local benefit capture. Practitioners and academics have noted, however, that transparency alone does not equate to accountability. This is true in the extractive sectors, where political dynamics pose serious obstacles. The cases of Ghana and Peru provide examples of these dynamics. Strategies for overcoming them include strengthening the technical capacity of civil society organizations, providing civic education, targeting interventions better, and learning more deeply from positive examples.
Conclusion
Authors: Brazil Kevin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In conclusion, this short chapter surveys the ways in which the novelists discussed in this book have become reference points for contemporary debates about the legacy of modernism and experimentation among novelists such as Teju Cole, Zadie Smith, and Ben Lerner. It also surveys how contemporary novelists’ engagements with art are being driven by different concerns than those of earlier writers—attempts to blur the lines between autobiography and fiction, or to recover the political and aesthetic potential of wonder and enchantment. In doing so, it shows how the interactions between art and the novel traced in this book have become part of literary history.
Introduction
Authors: Brazil Kevin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Art has long served as a privileged foil for novelists looking to reflect on their craft. The Introduction outlines how interactions between art and the novel changed in the postwar period, as some novelists used an engagement with art as a means to rethink the novel’s relationship to history. It also sets out the book’s critique of postmodernism as the dominant concept for thinking about interactions between art and literature in the period, and situates the book within debates in literary studies about the relationship between historicist and formalist methods, as well as within the historiography of modernist art.
Breaking the Metal Ceiling
Authors: Campos Francisco , Goldstein Markus , McGorman Laura , Boudet Ana Maria Munoz , Pimhidzai Obert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Evidence from developed and developing countries indicates that there is significant gender segregation within the labour market, with women more likely to work in low-productivity sectors or less profitable businesses. This chapter looks at occupational segregation which significantly contributes to the earnings gender gap worldwide. The chapter studies the differences in outcomes for male and female enterprises and their sectors in sub-Saharan Africa, a region of high female labour market participation and entrepreneurship. Data on Uganda show that women breaking into male-dominated sectors make as much as men, and three times more than women staying in female-dominated sectors. Factors including entrepreneurial skill/abilities and credit/human capital constraints do not explain women’s sectoral choices. However, information about profitability of their small enterprises, male role models’ influence, and exposure to the sector from family and friends are critical in helping women circumvent or overcome norms undergirding occupational segregation.
Eradicating Women-Hurting Customs
Authors: Platteau Jean-Philippe , Camilotti Giulia , Auriol Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Since the birth of modern development economics in the period immediately following the Second World War, attention has been mostly directed to the determinants of long-term economic growth performance and, in a subsequent stage, to issues of income distribution and poverty reduction. Social engineering refers to deliberate attempts, often under the form of legislative moves, to promote changes in customs and norms that hurt the interests of marginalized population groups. This implies discussing the main possible interaction frameworks leading to anti-women equilibria, and deriving policy implications from the corresponding games. The theoretical arguments are illustrated by examples drawn from available empirical works, thus providing a reasoned survey of the literature. This chapter explores the analytical conditions under which social engineering is more or less likely to succeed than more indirect approaches when it comes to suppressing gender-biased customs.
The Trial of the Kaiser
Authors: Schabas William A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Today’s elaborate system of international criminal justice originates in proposals at the end of the First World War to try Kaiser Wilhelm II before an international criminal tribunal. In the weeks following 11 November 1918, the British, French, and Italian Governments agreed on a trial. Lloyd George campaigned for re-election on the slogan ‘Hang the Kaiser’. The Kaiser had fled to the Netherlands, possibly after receiving signals from the Dutch Queen that he would be welcome. Renegade US soldiers led by a former Senator failed in a bizarre attempt to take him prisoner and bring him to Paris. During the Peace Conference, the Commission on Responsibilities brought international lawyers together for the first time to debate international criminal justice. They recommended trial of the Kaiser by an international tribunal for war crimes, but not for starting the war or violating Belgian neutrality. The Americans were opposed to any prosecution. However, President Wilson changed his mind and agreed to trial for a ‘supreme offence against international morality’. This became a clause in the Treaty of Versailles, one of the few that the Germans tried to resist. Although the Allies threatened a range of measures if the former Emperor was not surrendered, the Dutch refused and the demands were dropped in March 1920. The Kaiser lived out his life in a castle near Utrecht, dying of natural causes in June 1941. Hitler sent a wreath to the funeral.
Antigen recognition in autoimmune diabetes: a novel pathway underlying disease initiation
Authors: Wan Xiaoxiao , Unanue Emil R 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDevelopment of human autoimmune disorders results from complex interplay among genetic, environmental, and immunological risk factors. Despite much heterogeneity in environmental triggers, the leading genes that give the propensity for tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are those associated with particular class II major histocompatibility complex alleles. Such genetic predisposition precipitates presentation of tissue antigens to MHC-II-restricted CD4 T cells. When properly activated, these self-reactive CD4 T cells migrate to the target tissue and trigger the initial immune attack. Using the non-obese diabetic mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, much insight has been gained in understanding how presentation of physiological levels of self-antigens translates into pathological outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances illustrating the features of the antigen presenting cells, the sites of the antigen recognition, and the nature of the consequent T cell responses. We emphasize emerging evidence that highlights the importance of systemic presentation of catabolized tissue antigens in mobilization of pathogenic T cells. The implication of these studies in therapeutic perspectives is also discussed.
Discriminative Validity of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physical Therapists
Authors: Eland Nicolaas D , Kvåle Alice , Ostelo Raymond W J G , de Vet Henrica C W , Strand Liv I 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS) for Physical Therapists aims to measure clinicians’ biomedical and biopsychosocial treatment orientations regarding nonspecific low back pain.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess whether the PABS can differentiate between subgroups of physical therapists hypothesized to differ in treatment orientations.

Design
This study was a cross-sectional survey.

Methods
The PABS was completed by 662 Norwegian physical therapists with a diversity of professional backgrounds. Twenty-four a priori hypotheses on expected differences in PABS scores were formulated. Sufficient discriminative ability was defined as a minimum of 75% confirmed hypotheses. Hypotheses on differences in scores were tested for the biomedical and biopsychosocial subscales separately as well as for combinations of the 2 subscales, representing responders with high biomedical and low biopsychosocial PABS scores and vice versa.

Results
Of the 24 hypotheses, only 15 (62.5%) were confirmed. Between-group differences concerning the separate subscales were small, varying from −0.63 to 1.70 scale points, representing values up to 6.0% of the total subscale ranges. Between-group differences were larger when combined subscales were used, varying from 1.80 to 6.70 points, representing values up to 25.1% of the total subscale ranges. Despite little spread in scores, 24% of respondents demonstrated extreme attitudes.

Limitations
The lack of convincing scientific evidence from previous research on differences in attitudes and beliefs between physical therapists was a limitation for the formulation of hypotheses.

Conclusions
Discriminative validity of separate subscales of the PABS was not supported. Combining the 2 subscales into global treatment attitudes enabled better discrimination. Little spread in biomedical and biopsychosocial orientations explains why more than one-third of the hypotheses were not confirmed. Either Norwegian physical therapists are basically similar in their treatment orientation or the PABS is not able to detect any differences between them.
A Case Report of a Complete Penile and Scrotum Skin Degloving Injury
Authors: Li Dongyu , Chen Fang , Hu Chenghao , Zhang Jianhua , Wu Jiani , Dongye Yuhui , Li Huibin 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
Male genital injuries are rare and only few of them are total penoscrotal degloving injuries. Though this kind of injury is not life-threatening, it could be psychologically devastating to patients if not treated appropriately. This report presents a case of total male genitalia degloving injury treated by sliding flap and skin graft, assisted by Vacuum Sealing Drainage. Via this therapeutic approach, the injured area was completely healed. Three months after surgery, there were still no scars that affected normal function of male genitalia.This approach, which has never been reported before, yields a satisfactory result for both aesthetic appearance and sexual functions.
UDI2Claims: Planning a Pilot Project to Transmit Identifiers for Implanted Devices to the Insurance Claim
Authors: Zerhouni Yasmin A. , Krupka Dan C. , Graham Jove , Landman Adam , Li Angela , Bhatt Deepak L. , Nguyen Louis L. , Capatch Kevin , Concheri Kevin , Reich Amanda J. , Wilson Natalia , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: November 2018

Background
In response to problems with the current postmarket surveillance of medical devices, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration mandated device labelers to include a unique device identifier (UDI), composed of a device identifier (DI) and production identifier. Including the DI in insurance claims could be a potent method to monitor implanted devices, yet implementation has lagged because of questions of benefit and operational concerns.

Methods
To illustrate the potential benefit of including DIs in claims, rates of 90-day adverse events after implantation using an electronic health record (EHR) were compared with the EHR plus claims, which capture utilization outside that EHR’s health system. To explore operations, we planned a pilot project to transmit the DI of implanted devices from the point of care to the claim at two provider/payer pairs.

Results
By querying claims plus EHR, estimated rates of patients with potential adverse events were as much as 3.75 times higher. For our pilot, our multistakeholder team identified and resolved the following five challenges: (1) capturing the DI at the point of care; (2) selecting a location for the DI on the claim form; (3) transmitting the DI to the claim form; (4) analyzing the claim forms received by the payer; and (5) verifying the quality of the transmitted information.

Conclusions
Including DIs on claims could allow more complete data capture of adverse events for implanted devices than the EHR data. We overcame challenges in transmitting the DI to the claim with attention to planning and multistakeholder involvement.
Thermodynamic integration for dynamic causal models
Authors: Aponte Eduardo A. , Raman Sudhir , Frässle Stefan , Heinzle Jakob , Penny Will D. , Stephan Klaas E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn generative modeling of neuroimaging data, such as dynamic causal modeling (DCM), one typically considers several alternative models, either to determine the most plausible explanation for observed data (Bayesian model selection) or to account for model uncertainty (Bayesian model averaging). Both procedures rest on estimates of the model evidence, a principled trade-off between model accuracy and complexity. In DCM, the log evidence is usually approximated using variational Bayes (VB) under the Laplace approximation (VBL). Although this approach is highly efficient, it makes distributional assumptions and can be vulnerable to local extrema. An alternative to VBL is Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, which is asymptotically exact but orders of magnitude slower than VB. This has so far prevented its routine use for DCM.This paper makes four contributions. First, we introduce a powerful MCMC scheme – thermodynamic integration (TI) – to neuroimaging and present a derivation that establishes a theoretical link to VB. Second, this derivation is based on a tutorial-like introduction to concepts of free energy in physics and statistics. Third, we present an implementation of TI for DCM that rests on population MCMC. Fourth, using simulations and empirical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we compare log evidence estimates obtained by TI, VBL, and other MCMC-based estimators (prior arithmetic mean and posterior harmonic mean). We find that model comparison based on VBL gives reliable results in most cases, justifying its use in standard DCM for fMRI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for complex and/or nonlinear models, TI may provide more robust estimates of the log evidence. Importantly, accurate estimates of the model evidence can be obtained with TI in acceptable computation time. This paves the way for using DCM in scenarios where the robustness of single-subject inference and model selection becomes paramount, such as differential diagnosis in clinical applications.