bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cadaveric Evaluation of Pin and Tension Band Configuration Strength for Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation
Authors: Zide Amy N. , Jones Stephen C. , Litsky Alan S. , Kieves Nina R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the load at failure and mode of failure of four constructs used to stabilize a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, including two vertically aligned pins (V), two horizontally aligned pins (H), two vertically aligned pins with a tension band wire (V-TB) and two horizontally aligned pins with a tension band wire (H-TB).
Study Design Eighteen pairs of cadaveric tibiae were randomized to receive a TB or no TB. One limb was randomized to be in the H or V group. The contralateral limb was then assigned to the opposite configuration. One pair of limbs was used as a control. A tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until construct failure.
Results There was no significant difference between the mean load at failure of the H (595 N) and V (556 N) groups or between H-TB (1032 N) and V-TB groups (1034 N) (p = 0.487 and p = 0.238, respectively). The TB constructs were significantly stronger than the pin only constructs (p < 0.001). The mode of failure was similar for the pin only constructs, regardless of pin orientation. The TB constructs and control tibias failed at similar loads, most commonly by patellar ligament rupture.
Conclusion The use of vertically aligned pins versus horizontally aligned pins does not affect construct strength. These results support the placement of pins in a vertically or horizontally aligned fashion. When performing a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, the addition of a TB adds significant strength to the construct.
The Development of Facial Lipofilling from a Historical Point of View
Authors: van Dongen Joris A. , van Boxtel Joeri , Harmsen Martin C. , Stevens Hieronymus P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLipofilling, the transplantation of adipose tissue, has already been used since the end of the 19th century. For decades, lipofilling was used to restore loss of volume due to aging, trauma, or congenital defects. Later on, the indications for the use of lipofilling expanded by treating aged skin, scars, and improving wound healing. The expansion was caused by the discovery of adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) in adipose tissue and the development of very fine harvesting and injection cannulas which made it possible to inject small adipose tissue particles in small volume areas, such as the face. ASCs are multipotent stromal cells which reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue and are able to differentiate in multiple cell lineages and secrete a plurality of growth factors with regenerative potentials. The discovery of ASCs led toward more experimental cell-based therapies, that is, ASCs or SVF isolated by means of enzymatic isolation procedures. Later on, enzymatic isolation procedures were forbidden in many countries by legislation and were replaced by mechanical isolation procedures, such as the Nanofat and Fractionation of Adipose Tissue (FAT) procedures. The Nanofat procedure has been extensively investigated, especially as treatment for skin rejuvenation in the face. Though, substantial evidence is lacking for using facial lipofilling or any therapeutic component, that is, ASCs or SVF for skin rejuvenation to date. In contrast, facial lipofilling to restore loss of volume seems to be promising.
Effects of Edoxaban on the Cellular and Protein Phase of Coagulation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Aspirin and Clopidogrel: Results of the EDOX-APT Study
Authors: Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Garcia Emilio , Rivas Rios Jose , Rivas Andrea , Agarwal Malhar , Kureti Megha , Nagaraju Deepa , Wali Mustafa , Briceno Maryuri , Moon Jae Youn , Kairouz Victor , Yaranov Dmitry , Been Latonya , Suryadevara Siva , Soffer Daniel , Zenni Martin M. , Bass Theodore A. , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn patients requiring dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) who also have an indication to be treated with oral anticoagulant (OAC) drugs, aspirin withdrawal reduces the risk of bleeding. There is limited data on the pharmacodynamic effects associated with adding a nonvitamin K antagonist OAC on a background of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor as well as dropping aspirin. Seventy-five patients on DAPT (aspirin plus clopidogrel) were randomized to DAPT plus high-dose edoxaban (60 mg once daily, Group A), DAPT plus low-dose edoxaban (30 mg once daily, Group B), or DAPT only (Group C) for 10 ± 2 days (Phase I). Afterwards, Groups A and B interrupted aspirin and maintained clopidogrel plus edoxaban for 10 ± 2 days, while patients in Group C maintained DAPT (Phase II). Platelet aggregation and clot kinetics were assessed at baseline, end of Phase I, and end of Phase II using thrombelastography (TEG), light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow P2Y12, and serum thromboxane-B2. The primary endpoint was the comparison of maximum amplitude (MA) measured by TEG, a measure of clot strength, between patients on DAPT plus high-dose edoxaban and patients on DAPT only. Edoxaban prolonged in a dose-dependent manner speed of thrombin generation (TEG R; Group A: 7.7 [6.8–8.7] vs. Group B: 7.4 [6.4–8.5] vs. Group C: 6.3 [5.7–7.0]; p = 0.05) but did not affect other markers of clot kinetics, including TEG MA (Group A: 63 [61–64] vs. Group B: 65 [63–67] vs. Group C: 64 [63–65]; p = 0.10). After aspirin discontinuation, platelet reactivity assessed by LTA using thrombin receptor activating peptide as agonist increased to a greater extent with low-dose edoxaban. Stopping aspirin did not affect markers of P2Y12 reactivity and had no or marginal effects on clot kinetics, but increased markers sensitive to cyclooxygenase-1 blockade.
Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells
Authors: Romanenko Konstantin , Jerschow Alexej 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Rechargeable batteries can pose severe risks due to their flammable components in combination with high energy density. These challenges motivate the development of advanced battery screening techniques capable of rapid battery assessment. MRI, a broadly accepted method in the healthcare industry, has been adapted for materials chemistry and energy storage research. A quantitative MRI approach based on 3D phase encoding bypasses the hurdles associated with strongly magnetic components that are common in modern batteries (e.g., iPhone models). The reported technology is virtually distortion-free and shows a high sensitivity to mechanical defects and the chemical state of the electrodes. This approach may enable industrial quality control applications with a high temporal resolution and may aid in battery development and monitoring.
The role of ritual in sacred journeys.
Authors: Dowson R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of the ritual in religious or spiritual activities, applying the concept to the context of sacred journeys. The chapter also considers pilgrimages to be a 'typical' form of journey undertaken for religious or spiritual purposes. This chapter also discusses the definition of what is 'sacred', developing new nuances of meaning, acknowledging the depth of experience and engagement with the transcendent in acts and activities that traditionally bear no resemblance or connection to religion or the practice of faith.
From spiritualism to a new paradigm in tourism: spiritual tourism and motivations.
Authors: Güzel Ö. , Sarİyİldİz A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter offers an analysis of spiritual tourism and its motivations. It argues that as a result of today's stressful city life, materialism and overexposure to constantly evolving technological developments, the vast majority of today's individuals have begun to drown in negative feelings such as alienation, loneliness, stress and spiritual emptiness. This has led them to be more interested in the concept of spiritualism than ever before and as a spiritual tourist, who is different from normal tourists, to search for self-fulfilment, personal healing and enlightenment.
Spiritual motivation for religious tourism destinations.
Authors: Idris J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the concept of sacred sites, what makes them important to travellers and why travellers make such difficult journeys to religious destinations. It explores the literature on the challenges that have arisen in a consumer society where religious tourism is on the increase as well as the expectations that come with it. The chapter concludes by looking at the infrastructure that has to be constructed in order to meet the demands of religious tourists, the challenges of managing a mass influx of religious pilgrims, as well as the preparation that goes behind organizing and managing large-scale religious events.
Motivations to visit sacred historical objects: the Lindisfarne Gospels' visit to Durham 2013 - a sacred journey?
Authors: Dowson R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter analyses the impacts of 'eventization' on the 3-month release of the Lindisfarne Gospels from the British Library to Durham Cathedral for an exhibition in the summer of 2013, compared to those of a promotion of the Lindisfarne Gospels in 2003 and of the Magna Carta in 2015. This chapter further reflects on the experiences and motivations for visiting sacred objects of historical importance, from the perspectives of those who make such visits possible, as well as their visitors.
Walking the way of St James: spiritual journeys to the cathedrals of sport.
Authors: Wright R. K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the emergence of secular pilgrimages by the serious leisure-inspired English football pilgrim. The chapter focuses on the connections of pilgrimage to topophilia and nostalgia-driven heritage sport tourism. An evocative autoethnographic vignette is presented, inspired by the author's private recollections of his first pilgrimages to the old Wembley Stadium (demolished and replaced at the start of the century) and to a small local West Country football stadium called St James Park.
Nursery set-up.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

All work activities in the nursery need preparation and this begins with setting up the nursery. In this chapter, we discuss how to select a good site for the nursery with respect to critical features (topography, soil supply, water supply, drainage, protection), which nursery type is best, land preparation, construction and preparations to begin nursery activities. In addition, 'offsite' facilities needed to support nursery work are listed, such as an incinerator, soil source and go-down/storage.
Main nursery activities.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Two to three months after palm establishment in the pre-nursery (Chapter 4), the palms are potted-on into large planting bags in the main nursery. At this stage the seedlings (or ramets) need to be moved and given more space as they begin to shade each other out in the close-packed planting bag system of the pre-nursery (or rametry). The smaller planting bags also inhibit growth and development. Transplanting into large bags with a fresh soil medium and spacing is the first activity in the main nursery. Prior to potting-on in the main nursery, off-type seedlings and ramets are culled, thus only strong, uniform, healthy palms are advanced. Methods of transport to the main nursery, potting-on and spacing are described along with general husbandry of seedlings and ramets until they are ready for field planting.
Fertiliser programmes.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Fertiliser application is a major activity in the nursery. The materials and types of fertiliser for nursery palm plants vary. Fertiliser recommendations can be different among oil palm nurseries in different companies due to varying management practices and soil types used. It is recommended to seek the opinion and recommendations of an agronomist when setting up a nursery and when problems arise. Detailed recommendations of fertiliser applications in oil palm nurseries have been described and altered over time (see Rankine and Fairhurst, 1998; Duckett, 1999; Turner and Gillbanks, 2003; Mathews et al., 2010; Tan, 2011). The correct fertiliser type and dose are important not only for maximising plant health, but also to minimise costs as fertilisers are an expensive nursery input. Fertiliser application aims to fulfil the nutrient requirements of young plants. Best agronomy practices will help reduce fertiliser wastage by evaporation, leaching, overdose, etc. This chapter describes guidelines and methods in fertiliser application.
Weeding.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Various weed species are common in the main nursery and include grasses and sedges as well as broad-leafed plants. The main nursery is susceptible to weeds, especially wind-dispersed species, as there are open spaces between the bags. Weeds are managed using mechanical and chemical methods. It is important to keep the bags free from weeds, as these will compete for moisture, nutrients and sunlight. Weeding also provides hygienic conditions in the nursery that help avoid pest or disease problems. Weeding is carried out within the bags and in the inter-row spaces. Weeding is included in standard nursery management activities. This chapter describes guidelines and methods for weeding.
Pests and diseases.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Pests and diseases should be avoided as they have the potential to cause high economic losses in oil palm nurseries. It is therefore important to recognise pests and diseases as soon as possible and take action. Routine and regular nursery inspections by experienced staff are essential. This chapter describes the current major pests and diseases in the oil palm nursery and their management.
Diversity, food, nutrition and medicinal importance of some selected less-known African indigenous tropical plant species: advocacy for global research attention.
Authors: Baiyeri P. K. , Ugese F. D. , Nwobodo C. E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Many plant species of tropical African origin have substantial socio-economic and cultural importance among the rural populace. A good number of these species exhibit long-term ethno-medicinal relevance to the African people. Besides, they have major food and nutritional values that have guaranteed some levels of food and nutritional security. Species considered in this review have shown considerable diversity in many traits including those that are economically significant. Prospects for selection for genetic improvement therefore exist with profound implications on household and rural economies. In this review, the following tropical plant species were discussed: African breadfruit (
Treculia africana
Decne), African Walnut (
Plukenetia conophora
Muell Arg.), Tamarind (
Tamarindus indica
L), baobab (
Adansonia digitata
L), shea butter tree (
Vitellaria paradoxa
C. F. Gaertn.), bitter leaf (
Vernonia amygdalina
L.) and 'Utazi' (
Gongronema latifolium
). Certain facts have emerged from the review that tend to fault the neglect of these species by the international research community and thus, makes a call for research attention compelling. Relevant current literature studies especially those published by sub-Saharan African scientists in areas of interest were reviewed. Also consulted were research outputs from elsewhere in related fields including pharmacy and veterinary medicine. These indigenous species therefore merit more serious research attention due to their food, nutritional, health and economic significance to concerned African populations who continue to exploit them for these purposes. Besides their value for biodiversity conservation they, unlike the exotic species, have no problems with adaptation to the environment and familiarity with the local inhabitants.
Hand washing - its role in preventing water, foodborne and healthcare-associated diseases.
Authors: Doughari J. H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The rise in indices of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance is a cause for concern and calls for multiple approaches for control to be considered. The most exposed parts of the body, such as hands, skin, head and the face are a leading source of these pathogens. Hands in particular are in frequent contact with contaminated surfaces of both animate and inanimate objects. Diseases transmitted by contaminated hands are both airborne (such as influenza, adenovirus, hand-foot-mouth disease and tuberculosis) waterborne via droplets or dust (such as hepatitis A, cholera, diarrhoea etc.) and foodborne (such as foodborne illnesses, shigellosis and aspergillosis). Causative agents of such diseases include
Escherichia coli
,
Salmonella typhi
, hepatitis A virus, norovirus,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
among others. Human and animal faces, handrails, table-tops and toys are some of the sources of these pathogens. An effective preventive strategy is the thorough washing of hands using soaps and detergents or alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
Transient IR spectroscopy as a tool for studying photocatalytic materials
Authors: Paz Yaron 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Over the years, a considerable amount of attention has been given to the thermodynamics of photocatalysts, i.e. to the location of their valence and conduction bands on the energy scale. The kinetics of the photoinduced charge carriers at short times (i.e. prior to their surface redox reactions) is no less important. While significant work on the transient electronic spectra of photocatalysts has been performed, the transient vibrational spectra of this class of materials was hardly studied. This manuscript aims to increase the scientific awareness to the potential of transient IR spectroscopy (TRIR) as a complementary tool for understanding the first, crucial, steps of photocatalytic processes in solid photocatalysts.
This was done herein first by describing the various techniques currently in use for measuring transient IR signals of photo-excited systems and discussing their pros and cons. Then, a variety of examples is given, representing different types of photocatalysts such as oxides (TiO2, NaTaO3, BiOCl, BiVO4), photosensitized oxides (dye-sensitized TiO2), organic polymers (graphitic carbon nitride) and organo-metalic photocatalysts (rhenium bipyridyl complexes). These examples span from materials with no IR fingerprint signals (TiO2) to materials having a distinct spectrum showing well-defined, localized, relatively narrow, vibrational bands (carbon nitride). In choosing the given-above examples, care was made to represent the several pump & probe techniques that are applied when studying transient IR spectroscopy, namely dispersive, transient 2D-IR spectroscopy and step-scan IR spectroscopy. It is hoped that this short review will contribute to expanding the use of TRIR as a viable and important technique among the arsenal of tools struggling to solve the mysteries behind photocatalysis.
Towards continuous-to-continuous 3D imaging in the real world
Authors: Caucci L , Liu Z , Jha A K , Han H , Furenlid L R , Barrett H H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImaging systems are often modeled as continuous-to-discrete mappings that map the object (i.e. a function of continuous variables such as space, time, energy, wavelength, etc) to a finite set of measurements. When it comes to reconstruction, some discretized version of the object is almost always assumed, leading to a discrete-to-discrete representation of the imaging system. In this paper, we discuss a method for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging that avoids discrete representations of the object or the imaging system, thus allowing reconstruction on an arbitrarily fine set of points.
A numerical analysis of a microwave induced coaxial surface wave discharge fed with a mixture of oxygen and hexamethyldisiloxane for the purpose of deposition
Authors: Kemaneci Efe , Mitschker Felix , Benedikt Jan , Eremin Denis , Awakowicz Peter , Brinkmann Ralf Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A microwave induced coaxial surface wave discharge with a feeding gas mixture of oxygen and hexamethyldisiloxane used for the deposition of polymer coatings is numerically analysed by a volume-averaged zero-dimensional modelling formalism. A set of edge-to-centre ratios are analytically estimated for a self-consistent description of the positive ion and reactive neutral flux at the radial walls (Kemaneci et al 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50 245203). The simulation results are compared with the measurements of a wide variety of distinct particle concentrations as well as of the electron temperature and an agreement is obtained with respect to the input power, the pressure and the oxygen to hexamethyldisiloxane flow ratios. The net charge density is dominated by Si2OC5H

15

+

with a negligible degree of electronegativity. Hexamethyldisiloxane is fragmented into methyl radical via the electron impact dissociation and the dissociative ionization. Large amounts of hydrocarbons, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen molecules are produced. A significant portion of the net hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide production rates is formed by the emission from the solid surfaces due to the hydrogen and oxygen atom flux. The essential roles of C3H9SiO molecules and Si2OC5H

15

+

ions on the deposition process are verified.
Discrete time symmetry breaking in quantum circuits: exact solutions and tunneling
Authors: Sun Feng-Xiao , He Qiongyi , Gong Qihuang , Teh Run Yan , Reid Margaret D , Drummond Peter D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We discuss general properties of discrete time quantum symmetry breaking in degenerate parametric oscillators. Recent experiments in superconducting quantum circuit with Josephson junction nonlinearities give rise to new properties of strong parametric coupling and nonlinearities. Exact analytic solutions are obtained for the steady-state of this single-mode case of subharmonic generation. We also obtain analytic solutions for the tunneling time over which the time symmetry-breaking is lost above threshold. We find that additional anharmonic terms found in the superconducting case increase the tunneling rate, and can also lead to new regimes of tristability as well as bistability. Our analytic results are confirmed by number state calculations.