bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Epidemiology of the MOON Shoulder Instability Cohort
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , McCarty Eric C. , Belk John W. , Wolf Brian R. , Hettrich Carolyn M. , Ortiz Shannon F. ,   MOON Shoulder Instability Group, Bravman Jonathan T. , Baumgarten Keith M. , Bishop Julie Y. , Bollier Matthew J. , Brophy Robert H. , Carey James L. , Carpenter James E. , Cox Charlie L. , Feeley Brian T. , Grant John A. , Jones Grant L. , Kuhn John E. , Kelly John D. , Ma C. Benjamin , Marx Robert G. , Miller Bruce S. , Sennett Brian J. , Smith Matthew V. , Wright Rick W. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Shoulder instability is a common diagnosis among patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Purpose: To perform a descriptive analysis of patients undergoing surgery for shoulder instability through a large multicenter consortium. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients undergoing surgery for shoulder instability who were enrolled in the MOON Shoulder Instability Study were included. Baseline demographics included age, sex, body mass index, and race. Baseline patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Shoulder Activity Score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). The preoperative physician examination included active range of motion (ROM) and strength testing. Preoperative imaging assessments with plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography were also included and analyzed. Results: Twenty-six surgeons had enrolled 863 patients (709 male, 154 female) across 10 clinical sites. The mean age for the cohort was 24 years (range, 12-63 years). Male patients represented 82% of the cohort. The primary direction of instability was anterior for both male (74%) and female (73%) patients. Football (24%) and basketball (13%) were the most common sports in which the primary shoulder injury occurred. No clinically significant differences were found in preoperative ROM between the affected and unaffected sides for any measurement taken. Preoperative MRI scans were obtained in 798 patients (92%). An anterior labral tear was the most common injury found on preoperative MRI, seen in 66% of patients, followed by a Hill-Sachs lesion in 41%. Poor PRO scores were recorded preoperatively (mean: ASES, 72.4; WOSI, 43.3; SANE, 46.6). Conclusion: The MOON Shoulder Instability Study has enrolled the largest cohort of patients undergoing shoulder stabilization to date. Anterior instability is most common among shoulder instability patients, and most patients undergoing shoulder stabilization are in their early 20s or younger. The results of this study provide important epidemiological information for patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery.
Digital Gaming and Young People’s Friendships: A Mixed Methods Study of Time Use and Gaming in School
Authors: Eklund Lina , Roman Sara 
Published: March 2018

In this mixed methods study, we investigate the impact of digital gaming on school social life among young people (17–19 year old) by combining over-time data investigating friendships as they form, with subjective experiences of friendships. We draw on one full cohort of Swedish pupils surveyed on three occasions during their first year in upper-secondary school ( n = 115) and one interview sample of 10 game users. Results indicate that how much time young people spend on gaming is not a significant factor for friendship formation in the studied sample. Moreover, high-use did not make game users socially isolated or less popular in school. We discuss how young people adhere to ideals of responsible leisure in order to become adults; practising time-management strategies to make place for time-consuming leisure while not letting it impact personal relationships.
Pain upon inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter: Size does not matter
Authors: van Loon Fredericus HJ , Puijn Lisette APM , van Aarle Wesly H , Dierick-van Daele Angelique TM , Bouwman Arthur RA 
Published: March 2018

Background: Approximately 1.2 billion peripheral intravenous catheters are inserted across the world annually. It is known that intravenous cannulation may be a painful procedure, which affects cognitive abilities by increasing anxiety and discomfort. Aim: We hypothesized that inserting a smaller sized peripheral intravenous catheter has a lower level of pain sensation compared to a larger sized catheter. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between May and October 2016, in which surgical patients, aged 18 years or older, were eligible to participate. Experienced anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists routinely obtained peripheral intravenous access according to the standards of care. The primary outcome was pain (verbal numeric rating scale, 0–10) upon intravenous cannulation. Results: A total of 1063 patients were included and they were divided into four groups: group 1, 22 gauge (N = 29); group 2, 20 gauge (N = 447); group 3, 18 gauge (N = 531); and group 4, sized over 18 gauge (N = 56). Inserting an 18-gauged peripheral intravenous catheter resulted in the lowest pain score (3.2 ± 2.0). As a result of the multivariate linear analysis, five factors were significantly associated with pain upon inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter (sex, American Society of Anesthesiology classification, a patients risk profile on the A-DIVA scale, site of cannulation on the extremity, and whether or not the attempt was successful); however, the size of the inserted peripheral intravenous catheter had no significant relation to the primary outcome. Conclusion: Inserting a smaller sized peripheral intravenous catheter did not result in a lower pain sensation. Moreover, to prevent pain upon inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter, an unsuccessful attempt must be avoided.
Guest Editorial—Special Collection Topic: Statistical Systems Theory in Cancer Modeling, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Dougherty Edward R , Boulesteix Anne-Laure , Dalton Lori A , Zhang Michelle 
Published: March 2018

Aims and Scope: Cancer is a systems disease involving mutations and altered regulation. This supplement treats cancer research as it pertains to 3 systems issues of an inherently statistical nature: regulatory modeling and information processing, diagnostic classification, and therapeutic intervention and control. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) multiscale modeling, gene/protein transcriptional regulation, dynamical systems, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, compensatory regulation, feedback, apoptotic and proliferative control, copy number-expression interaction, integration of different feature types, error estimation, and reproducibility. We are especially interested in how the above issues relate to the extremely high-dimensional data sets and small- to moderate-sized data sets typically involved in cancer research, for instance, their effect on statistical power, inference accuracy, and multiple comparisons.
Intraoperative Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Training: Efficient Teaching Techniques—A New Method
Authors: Sandhaus Henya , Chen Philip G 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a complex procedure used by otorhinolaryngologists to treat a host of nasal sinus pathologies. Due to the involved nasal anatomy and the nature of the procedure, teaching residents to use an endoscope is challenging. Simulation labs have been helpful but intraoperative instruction can still present difficulty in communication between resident and attending physicians during the teaching process. The purpose of this is to hypothesize a method of teaching intraoperatively that can be used supplemental to or independently of virtual reality teaching. Method: Literature review to determine current intraoperative verbal teaching methods used by surgeons was performed. Review was also performed on the effects of simulation techniques in preparing residents for the operating room. Although this was not a systematic review including statistical analysis, a gap was found in the literature on how residents can be efficiently taught intraoperatively to navigate an endoscope while maintaining patient safety. A novel and inexpensive method has been devised as a possible teaching method. Conclusions: Extensive literature is not available in intraoperative teaching techniques. It is therefore uncertain whether such a method has been used before. Further study, possibly in the form of surveys and intraoperative trials, must be done to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism.
Aging With Down Syndrome: The Dual Diagnosis: Alzheimer’s Disease and Down Syndrome
Authors: Cipriani Gabriele , Danti Sabrina , Carlesi Cecilia , Di Fiorino Mario 
Published: March 2018

Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) enjoy a longer life expectancy now than they ever have before and are therefore at greater risk of developing conditions associated with aging, including dementia. Objectives: To explore the phenomenon of dementia in DS. Methods: Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published until 2017. Search terms included Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, DS, and trisomy 21. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further references. Results and Conclusions: Virtually, all subject aged 35 to 40 show key neuropathologic changes characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, but only a part of them show clinical signs of dementia, usually around the age of 50 years. Early signs of dementia in people with DS may be different from those experienced by the general population. Failure to recognize this can delay diagnosis and subsequent interventions.
Treatment of early stage Supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: Meta-analysis comparing primary surgery versus primary radiotherapy
Authors: Patel Krupal B. , Nichols Anthony C. , Fung Kevin , Yoo John , MacNeil S. Danielle 
Published: March 2018

Objectives For early stage supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), single modality treatment either in the form of primary organ preservation surgery alone or radiation alone is recommended. Thus, a definite treatment strategy for early stage supraglottic SCC remains undefined. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the oncologic outcomes of surgery and radiotherapy in early stage (Stage I and II) T1 N0 and T2 N0 supraglottic SCC. Methods Systematic methods were used to identify published and unpublished data. Two reviewers independently screened all titles, abstracts and articles for relevance using predefined criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria for disease specific mortality with a total of 2864 pooled patients. 5-year disease specific mortality was lower in the surgery group (ORs 0.43, 95% CI 0.31–0.60). Four studies met the inclusion criteria for 5-year overall mortality with a total of 2790 pooled patients. Five-year overall mortality was lower in surgery group (ORs 0.40, 95% CI 0.29–0.55). Conclusions This is the first study to examine the management of early stage supraglottic SCC using meta-analytic methodology. Our results suggest that primary surgery may result in decreased disease specific and overall mortality compared to primary radiotherapy.
Illness Understanding and End-of-Life Care Communication and Preferences for Patients With Advanced Cancer in South Africa
Authors: Shen Megan Johnson , Prigerson Holly G. , Ratshikana-Moloko Mpho , Mmoledi Keletso , Ruff Paul , Jacobson Judith S. , Neugut Alfred I. , Amanfu Jamila , Cubasch Herbert , Wong Michelle , Joffe Maureen , Blanchard Charmaine 
Published: March 2018

Purpose The understanding of patients with cancer of their condition and their wishes regarding care as they approach end of life (EoL) have been studied more in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients and Methods Data were analyzed from a cohort study (N = 221) of patients with advanced cancer who were recruited from a palliative care center in Soweto, South Africa (LMIC), between May 2016 and June 2017. Patients were asked about their understanding of their illness, estimated life expectancy, EoL care communication, and EoL care preferences. Results Only 13 patients (5.9%) acknowledged that they were terminally ill; nine patients (4.1%) estimated accurately that they had months, not years, left to live. A total of 216 patients (97.7%) reported that they had not had an EoL care discussion with their physician, and 170 patients (76.9%) did not want to know their prognosis even if the doctor knew it. Most patients preferred comfort care (72.9%; n = 161) to life-extending care (14.0%; n = 31), and did not want to be kept alive using extreme measures (80.5%; n = 178) or have their doctors do everything possible to extend their lives (78.3%; n = 173). Finally, 127 patients (57.5%) preferred to die at home, and 51 (23.1%) preferred to die in the hospital. Most patients (81.0%; n = 179) had funeral plans. Conclusion South African patients demonstrated less awareness of the fact that they were terminally ill, were less likely to have discussed their prognosis with their doctor, and more strongly preferred comfort care to life-extending EoL care than US and other LMIC patients in prior research. These differences highlight the need for culturally appropriate, patient-centered EoL care for South African patients with advanced cancer as well as to determine individual preferences and needs in all EoL settings.
The Problem of Pension age Increase in Russia and Ways of Its Solution
Authors: Ильичева Ю. , Il'icheva Yu. 
Published: March 2018

This article is devoted to the problem of pension age increase which is very sophisticated and important nowadays. The statistical portrait of number of pensioners in Russia; pension payments; minimum wage, the average cost of living and the average size of old age pensions in Russia from 2014 to 2016 years are published in this article. These analysis findings show dependence of many parameters on current pension age change. Some methods to increase pension payments to pensioners are analyzed in the article. Positive and negative sides of proposed methods were considered in this article. The reasons of the best method choice are given. This method is to reach the best figures not only in the whole Russia’s economic development but also in material well-being of citizens who draw a pension
or pretend to draw a pension in a short term.
DEVIRES SONOROS revolucionários em Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol
Authors: S. Casé do Nascimento Andrigo de Lázaro 
Published: March 2018

O tema central do presente artigo é pensar a utilização dos sons na trilha sonora de Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol - Glauber Rocha 1963, a partir das inovações estéticas e dos territórios sonoros diferenciados propostos pelo filme.
POÉTICAS MUSICAIS em Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol
Authors: Maia de Jesus Guilherme 
Published: March 2018

O presente texto busca, por meio de uma análise de viés imanente, trazer à tona algumas problematizações acerca da poética musical de Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), de Glauber Rocha. Partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica que evidenciou alguns ‘pontos pacíficos’ na poética do autor — a saber, uma inclinação modernista-nacionalista —, discute-se aqui a possibilidade da existência, em Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol, de uma construção de estratégias de produção de efeitos emocionais e dramáticos, mais ligados à narrativa fílmica que acompanham.
PLURIUNIVERSOS: poesia popular, movência e distinção
Authors: Moreira Cobra Cristiane 
Published: March 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender a poesia popular e seus processos de produção e institucionalização, através da obra de dois poetas atuais e atuantes: Moreira de Acopiara, nascido em Acopiara, sertão central do Ceará, radicado em Diadema, membro da ABLC, autor de dez livros e mais de cem folhetos de cordel; e Ditão Virgílio, nascido em São Luiz do Paraitinga, reduto caipira do interior de São Paulo, autor de vários folhetos e alguns livros. Tais poetas expressam sua poética de pontos de vista culturais distintos, sendo a memória e a oralidade elementos comuns de suas práticas. A pesquisa envolveu etnografia, análise de trajetória, entrevistas, observação participante e análise textual; observaram-se processos de distinção das produções populares, via instituições oficiais como IPHAN e ABLC, com variáveis formas de atuação e reação dos próprios poetas; além de movências decorrentes de situações de oralidade secundária meditatizada, poéticas como desdobramentos de fronteiras invisíveis entre oral e escrito que constituem pluriuniversos.
NO SERTÃO DA MINHA TERRA – Memórias e musicalidade nos subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Barata Denise 
Published: March 2018

A partir da ideia de sertão desenvolvida por Magalhães Correa, apresento a pesquisa que venho realizando sobre a memória musical na região da Grande Madureira, ainda desconhecida para muitos moradores da “costa” da cidade. Aqui relaciono música e território, especialmente Chorinho com Marechal Hermes; Samba de Gafieira com Bento Ribeiro; Samba de Terreiro e Jongo com Oswaldo Cruz e Serrinha. Os lugares de memória da região já foram mapeados, com destaque paraa casa dos músicos ilustres e para os espaços de produção de música; e as imagens e as entrevistas estão sendo organizadas. Com esta pesquisa, pretendo mover a centralidade da história do samba do centro da cidade para esta região da periferia.
Genetic variability of ESAG6/7 gene Trypanosoma evansi
Authors: Sawitri Dyah Haryuningtyas , Wardhana April H. 
Published: March 2018

<p>Trypanosoma evansi as an agent of Surra is one of the crucial parasitic diseases that cause great economic losses in Indonesia. These parasites need iron for growth and propagation phase which is obtained by receptor-mediated uptake of host transferin. The transferrin receptors are encoded by Expression Site Associated Genees (ESAGs). ESAG6/7 encodes transferrin receptors which reported have different affinities of a different host. The distinction of T. evansi pathogenicity is supposed to cause variability in the ESAG6/7 gene. This research was aimed to investigate the variability of genes ESAG6/7 T. evansi with different virulence in mice. This research was conducted in two steps: bioassay pathogeneicity in mice and analysis of ESAG6/7 gene sequences. The median survival time of mice was investigated after each group of mice infected by 25 T. evansi isolates from buffaloes where its geographically differ. The test results showed a difference of pathogenic virulence on 25 T. evansi isolates in mice. Sequence analysis of the ESAG6/7 gene from 25 T. evansi isolates origin from Indonesia tended to be homogeneous on the transferrin binding site but there was variability in the hypervariable site. These changes are able to separate high and low virulence of the T. evansi isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis was formed 11 clades of 25 T. evansi. High virulence T. evansi was included in clades 7 and 10, while low virulence T. evansi was included in clade 5 and 11 and the moderate virulence was divided into those four clades.</p><p> </p>
Improvement of nutritional value of cocoa pod husk fermented with Aspergillus Spp. and two levels of urea and ammonium sulphate
Authors: Rakhmani Susana IW , Purwadaria T 
Published: March 2018

Cocoa pod husk is abundant as a waste product of cocoa plantation and potential as feed ingredient but has low nutritional value. To increase the nutritive value of cocoa pod husk (CPH), biological process through solid substrate fermentation using <em>Aspergillus oryzae </em>and <em>Aspergillus niger </em>and addition of two doses (N1 and N2) of nitrogen mixture had been done. The product is Fermented Cocoa Pod Husk (FCPH). Protein content increased from 50 g/kg before fermentation to 133.8 g. kg<sup>-1</sup> for N1 for <em>A. niger</em> and 150 g/kg using <em>A. oryzae</em>. True protein were 99.8 and 93.5 g/kg for N1 and N2 treatments (<em>A. niger</em>); 119 and 104.1 g/kg for N1 and N2 treatments (<em>A. oryzae</em>). <em>Aspergillus niger</em> showed a superiority in term of enzymes production when compared to <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>. Mannanase activy in <em>A. niger</em> fermentation product with N1 dose reached up to 2654 U/g and <em>A.oryzae</em> was 1122 U/g. Dry matter and protein digestibility for <em>A. niger</em> FCPH were 47 and 57% and <em>A. oryzae</em> FCPH were 52 and 62% repectively. Fermentation processed of CPH yield a product that very potential as an alternative feed with higher in protein content and contain mannanase enzyme.
Glutathione Conjugation at the Blood–CSF Barrier Efficiently Prevents Exposure of the Developing Brain Fluid Environment to Blood-Borne Reactive Electrophilic Substances
Authors: Kratzer Ingrid , Strazielle Nathalie , Saudrais Elodie , Mönkkönen Kati , Malleval Céline , Blondel Sandrine , Ghersi-Egea Jean-François 
Published: March 2018

Exposure of the developing brain to toxins, drugs, or deleterious endogenous compounds during the perinatal period can trigger alterations in cell division, migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis, leading to lifelong neurological impairment. The brain is protected by cellular barriers acting through multiple mechanisms, some of which are still poorly explored. We used a combination of enzymatic assays, live tissue fluorescence microscopy, and anin vitrocellular model of the blood–CSF barrier to investigate an enzymatic detoxification pathway in the developing male and female rat brain. We show that during the early postnatal period the choroid plexus epithelium forming the blood–CSF barrier and the ependymal cell layer bordering the ventricles harbor a high detoxifying capacity that involves glutathioneS-transferases. Using a functional knock-down rat model for choroidal glutathione conjugation, we demonstrate that already in neonates, this metabolic pathway efficiently prevents the penetration of blood-borne reactive compounds into CSF. The versatility of the protective mechanism results from the multiplicity of the glutathioneS-transferase isoenzymes, which are differently expressed between the choroidal epithelium and the ependyma. The various isoenzymes display differential substrate specificities, which greatly widen the spectrum of molecules that can be inactivated by this pathway. In conclusion, the blood–CSF barrier and the ependyma are identified as key cellular structures in the CNS to protect the brain fluid environment from different chemical classes of potentially toxic compounds during the postnatal period. This metabolic neuroprotective function of brain interfaces ought to compensate for the liver postnatal immaturity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain homeostasis requires a stable and controlled internal environment. Defective brain protection during the perinatal period can lead to lifelong neurological impairment. We demonstrate that the choroid plexus forming the blood–CSF barrier is a key player in the protection of the developing brain. Glutathione-dependent enzymatic metabolism in the choroidal epithelium inactivates a broad spectrum of noxious compounds, efficiently preventing their penetration into the CSF. A second line of detoxification is located in the ependyma separating the CSF from brain tissue. Our study reveals a novel facet of the mechanisms by which the brain is protected at a period of high vulnerability, at a time when the astrocytic network is still immature and liver xenobiotic metabolism is limited.