bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MASYARAKAT MEMANDANG GRATIFIKASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI.
Authors: Bethesda Elisabeth 
Published: August 2019

Law that exist in communitydevelopsalongside the community itselfand is based on community awareness in order to avoidindividual and community interestsdisorders. Further, to make the law beneficialto the community, then the provisionsof law are adjusted to the living law. The agreed law contains precautions to avoid violation ofnorms or customs.Gratification as an immoral actin the Anti-Corruption Law; it even compares gratification withbribery. However, gratification must be eradicated although the community viewsit as a good norm and need to be preserved. Giving or receiving gifts among the giver and the recipient becomes a 'problem' when the act of giving and receiving is stated as an act of violatingthe criminal law.
Problémás magánjogi elemek a helyi rendeletalkotásban
Authors: Árva Zsuzsanna , Szabó Judit 
Published: August 2019

Local governments may establish legal relationships governed by civil law in numerous ways, for example, through the creation of associations, various institutional agreements or they can also do so by means of enacting regulations. In line with the stipulations of the Fundamental Law of Hungary, local governments may adopt regulations on two legal bases: if authorized by law or if they want to regulate a local public affair; however, the regulation may not contradict any higher form of legislation. While in the first case it is not only the right but also the obligation of local governments to enact regulations that can even be sanctioned, in the second case it is almost completely optional. The scope of public affairs regulated by local governments is rather broad. While the smaller local governments typically limit their activities to the regulation of the most urgent matters, the larger local governments enact regulations in a wide range of issues also due to the volume of their responsibilities. In many instances a part of these regulations does not remain within the framework of supremacy but also includes numerous elements of civil law. These could include matters related to parking or municipal housing, as well as problems in connection with public services. Norms regulating peaceful public coexistence represent a separate subject area as in many cases they wish to regulate legal relationships pertaining to privacy. In the case of the latter issue, the clause stating that the local regulations shall not contradict any higher form of law is especially central, as it necessitates the extensive knowledge of civil and in some cases even constitutional law to ensure that such a regulation is enacted that fully complies with the laws.
This paper introduces and examines those local government regulations that include elements of civil law also and which typically cause problems, with special emphasis on the rules of peaceful public coexistence. Some of these problems are revealed within the scope of legal supervision practiced over local governments, while in other cases the body reviewing the regulation acts in response to citizens’ initiatives.
The effects of psychological capital on employees’ organizational identification in hotels
Authors: DEMİR Mahmut , DEMİR Şirvan Şen 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dimensions of psychological capital on employees’ organizational identification in hotels. Through conducting a face-to-face interview, data were collected from a sample of 485 full-time employees working in 5-star hotels in Turkey and were analysed with the statistical program. The correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable and the regression analysis was used to determine the effects of psychological capital on organizational identification. The researchers found a positive correlation between dimensions of psychological capital and organizational identification and the psychological capital effects on organizational identification. It was indicated that the factors of psychological capital effected on organizational identification.
Type I IFNs and M. bovis BCG vaccine: The sword to target germinal centers and unlock humoral immunity in leprosy
Authors: Guerrero Manriquez Gloria 
Published: July 2019

Leprosy is a still a serious human health problema in developed countries. Environmental and genetic factors are playing a key role in the chronic course of the disease, resistance versus susceptibility. The multidrug treatment is not effective for all infected individuals; “cured” individuals mostly show relapses of neurological disordes and potential as the same as not cured can present physical and deformed constrainst. The unsolved puzzle in leprosy is that clinic spectrum depends of the host immune response.and thus, the outcome of the immune response. In the present review we intended to describe some aspects of the immunotherapy, based on type I IFNs and M. bovis BCG vaccine as a strategy such as sword to target germinal centers, either for the generation or for the enhancement and thus, throughout key signals delivered by folicular CD4+ T cells, and controlled by folicular regulatory CD4+ T cells, B cell differentiation into plasmacytoid cells be highly promoted the induction of protective high affinity neutralyzing antibodies to unlock humoral immunity, protective toward M. leprae infected individuals.
Adipocyte size in morbidly obese women and its relation to type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kamarad V , Chylikova J , Dvorackova J , Cizkova K , Lacey H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim of the study: The aim was to perform a morphometric analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of morbidly obese women and to determine the relationship between adipocyte size and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and methods: White adipose tissue of morbidly obese women was obtained from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue during bariatric surgery. The same tissues were obtained at judicial autopsy in non-obese (lean) non-diabetic patients. The harvested tissue was embedded in paraffin and 5 μm thick hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were analyzed by the Olympus cellSens system. Statistical evaluation was performed by GraphPad Prism 6.1 software.

Results: We found a relationship between adipocyte size and the presence of T2D. The most pronounced changes were seen in visceral adipocytes (cell diameter increased from 61.9 μm in controls to 79.5 μm in patients with T2D). Also, the size of the subcutaneous adipocytes increased against the control. A statistically significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients was not proven in subcutaneous adipocytes. We also observed differences in the distribution of adipocyte mean diameters. Whilst in the control group there was a normal (Gaussian) distribution, in the morbidly obese we found an asymmetric distribution with a positive skewness to the right.

Conclusion: We have demonstrated that in morbidly obese women a significant increase in visceral adipocyte size is associated with the development of both insulin resistance and T2D.
Sympathetic nervous system and cardiovascular risk in mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Bona Olexova L , Mestanik M , Jurko A , Sekaninova N , Slavikova M , Tonhajzerova I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) represents a frequent cardiovascular condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which may have progressive course and become malignant. Dysregulation of autonomic nervous system - especially sympathetic overdrive – is one of the factors considered to play a key role in its aetiology and development. There is a growing evidence of a large impact of sympathetic system on the development of MVP. Exaggerated sympathetic activity may lead to morphologic changes in valves tissue such as thickening and redundancy. Nowadays, few investigative methods are known for evaluation of the regulatory state of sympathetic nervous system, which could be, theoretically, used to identify the subjects with sympathetic overactivity associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Electrodermal activity or blood pressure variability represent promising non-invasive methods for evaluation of the regulatory outputs of sympathetic nervous system. There is a possibility to extend a set of investigative methods in MVP and include the monitoring of sympathetic activity in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This article summarizes knowledge about pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutical approaches of MVP, and brings some novel insights on the parameters of autonomic nervous regulation, which haven’t yet been used in cardiovascular risk assessment in MVP.
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy in term newborns: reference values and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Gumulak R , Nandraziova L , Tulejova L , Pazicka Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of cerebral tissue oxygenation (cStO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is attracting an increasing attention not only in neonatology. The vast diversity of commercially available NIRS devices makes it difficult to compare in the published clinical studies. This review provides a view on the practical use of NIRS as a tool for cStO2 measurement, its limitations and pitfalls, with a focus on brain dysfunction caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This syndrome of disturbed neurologic function in the earliest days after the birth in the term infants is manifested by difficulty with initiating and maintaining respiration, depression of tone and reflexes, subnormal level of consciousness, and often seizures. This fascinating technology has already proven accurate and has been recommended to use during daily routine tool to evaluate the level of oxygen saturation in brain in intensive care units worldwide.
Radio-guided miniinvasive surgery of solitary parathyroid adenoma as a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Janosova V , Hanzel P , Calkovsky V , Evin D , Slavik P , Hajtman A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The function of parathyroid gland is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases, among them primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common. In about 85% of the patients a solitary parathyroid adenoma is the cause of the hyperparathyroidism. Surgical removal of pathologically changed gland is a treatment of choice, usually performed by miniinvasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy.
In this article the authors review current knowledge, research state, and present some cases of this operation at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.
Cannabis and alcohol in road traffic: an overview
Authors: Marcinkova M , Straka L , Novomesky F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Traffic medicine is an important part within the scope of concerns of forensic medicine. We are dealing with consequences of traffic accidents – fatal or survived – but this problem overlaps the borders of our specialization. Sustained injuries are the focus of various fields of medicine and in combination with alcohol and illicit drugs abuse this issue is growing. The following review has an ambition to bring more light into the problem concerning the effect of alcohol and cannabis (which is the most common illicit drug used worldwide) on driving abilities.
One Snake or Two? Exploring Medical Symbols Among Medical Students
Authors: Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi , Oladimeji Adebayo , Miracle Ayomikun Adesina , Omotayo Francis Fagbule , Franklin Emerenini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Symbols play a very crucial role in the culture of a society, and the medical society is not an exception to this. In the world of Orthodox medicine, the Rod of Asclepius is regarded as the true symbol of medicine. However, there exists to be an issue of interchange of the correct medical symbol (i.e. Rod of Asclepius) with another similar symbol (i.e. the Caduceus). This study aims to explore medical students’ knowledge and opinion on the appropriate symbol of medicine.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 84 medical students at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), North-West Nigeria. Study tool was a paper questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Epi info 7 Software.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 23.7 (±3.4) years, 72.6% were males, and 73.8% were in their 4th year. Only 59.5% had interest in non-medical literature. Also, only 6.0% had doctors as their parents. The majority (88.1%) of the participants erroneously identified the Caduceus symbol as the most appropriate symbol of medicine. Furthermore, only 45.2% indicated that the Rod of Asclepius and the Caduceus symbols originated from ancient Greece. Virtually all (97.6%) the participants opined that the Caduceus symbol is the most popular symbol of Medicine. Finally, the majority (73.8%) of the participants recommended that a course on the History of Medicine should be added to the medical curriculum of their school.
Conclusion: This study found that the majority of the surveyed medical students did not know much about the historically correct medical symbol. This shows the need for awareness creation on the true symbol of medicine among medical students, and even the public-at-large.
Mechanical Damage to Corn Seeds
Authors: Shahbazi F. , Shahbazi R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the mechanical damage to corn seeds under impact loading. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.60 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device.
The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage of physical damage in corn seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact of the energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage from 23.73 to 83.49%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly by a factor of 1.92 (from 83.75 to 43.56%), with an increase in the moisture content from 7.6 to 20%.
However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of about 17 to 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and energy impact was developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to corn seeds. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.
Effect of Storage Containers and Lengths of Storage on the Germination, Moisture Content and Pest Infestation of Wheat Seed
Authors: Golam Azam M. , Sohidul Islam M. , Hasan K. , Kaum Choudhury M. , Jahangir Alam M. , Obaidullah Shaddam M. , El Sabagh A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dianjpur-5200, Bangladesh to evaluate the storage containers and duration of seed storage on the germinability and health of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two factors, viz. three storage containers naming i) sealed tin container, ii) plastic container, iii) gunny bag, and four storage periods of i) 15 days, ii) 30 days, iii) 45 days, and iv) 60 days. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment with eight replications. The results revealed that the germination percentages (GP) of the seeds stored in the gunny bag decreased quickly from 66.1 to 32.8% due to contained with high moisture content in seed. But, slowly decreasing trends of GP from 80.4% to 69.2% was observed in the sealed tin container seeds with lesser moisture content than that of gunny bag and plastic container. The reduction of GP was so higher of 50.38% in the seeds contained in gunny bag than that of only 13.93% in the seeds contained sealed tin container. Wheat seeds stored in sealed tin container, plastic container and gunny bag significantly increased moisture content in ambient condition for 60 DAS. The moisture content of the seeds stored in gunny bag was found to rise remarkably more than other containers. This escalation of seed moisture content was closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, like temperature and relative humidity where seeds were stored. The rate seed deterioration in gunny bag and plastic container paralleled the level of invasion by storage insect was found. During storage period, insect infected the seeds, and the insect bitten seeds were also found higher in gunny bag and plastic container, but lower in sealed container. Wheat seeds should be stored in air tight sealed container and drying should be done after some days of storage (45-60 DAS).
Effects of GA3 and ABA on the Germination of Dormant Oat Seeds
Authors: Ge J. , Hu Y , Ren C , Guo L , Wang C , Sun W , Shahrajabian M.H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Oat seed with dormancy characteristics, which can germinate after one season or one year, are used to build and maintain vegetation to protect soils from been damaged by desertification in Northern China. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of endogenous and exogenous GA3 and ABA on oat seed (var. Baiyan 7) germination. The results showed that seeds without peel hull had lower endogenous ABA content and the ratio of ABA/GA3 than seeds with peel hull. The best GA3 treatment duration for milky ripe, wax ripe, full ripe seeds were 60 min or 120 min, 60 min and 30 min, respectively. Seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index increased before they declined with the increasing of GA3 concentrations. The best GA3 concentration treatment was 100 mg/l, while the turning point was 200 mg/l. The dormancy rate of low temperature storage seeds were higher than those of room temperature storage seeds at each storage time, and both decreased with the increase of the storage time. For the seeds which were new or stored for 1-2 months, the germination rates were enhanced significantly by exogenous GA3. For the seeds that had been stored for over three months, GA3 treatment had no effect on germination rate. Germination rate decreased with the increase of ABA concentrations. The most inhibitive effect, which leaded to a seed germination reduction by 37.7% and 4.0%, appeared, when the concentration of ABA was 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/l, respectively. GA3 could abate the effect which ABA inhibited seed germination.
Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma Species and Investigating their Seed Treatment Effect on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Germination
Authors: Ghasemialitappeh M. , Sadravi M. , Mirabadi A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Trichoderma fungus species are highly populations of fungi in world that they can colonize roots as plant symbiosis. Various types of Trichoderma are free-living fungi that are, generally, saprophytic on the remains of soil. In addition to its role in biological control, this fungus increases plant yield and growth. So far, many studies have been conducted to examine the ability of this agent to reduce biological tensions and biological control of plant pathogens. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify species of Trichoderma fungus from rapeseed fields in Golestan and Qazvin province from Iran, and also to study isolated species on germination percentage and growth parameters of rapeseed seedlings in a randomized complete block design with three replications in vitro. Based on the results, three species of T. harzianum, T. virens, and T. atroviride were identified, which the isolate of T. harzianum Ta19 showed a significant effect on the control group and other treatments in increasing germination percentage, root length and stem; whereas, the seeds treated with the isolate T. atroviride Ta11 showed no significant difference with the control group in spite of the increase in seed germination rate in comparison with the control and other treatments. According to the results, the use of Trichoderma fungus as a seed treatment like other researches on different products is recommended for increasing the growth of rapeseed.
Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth
Authors: Hasan M.K. , Islam M.S. , Islam M.R. , Ismaan H.N. , El Sabagh A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) Growth, Yield and Economic Return Under Different Combinations of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Agricultural Biostimulants
Authors: Hafez E. , Geries L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two field experiments have been conducted to study the effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer, bio-fertilizers and organic compounds on growth, yield and economic of onion production in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. From the data it was found that combination of N fertilization of onion plants with 100 kg N fed.−1 (hectare = 2.38 feddan) and foliar with humic acid at the rate of 1 kg fed.−1 is the best in this study, for giving the highest bulb yield with the highest net returns of 12580 EGP (1USD = 17.80 EGP), with a benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 2.35. While, the highest cost of cultivation was obtained by 120 kg N fed.−1 and spraying onion plants with humic acid followed by compost tea. Also, from the economic view, the revenue of EGP is higher when used some biofertilizers and organic fertilizers if compared with chemical fertilization only.