bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic neuropathy differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Insights from magnetic resonance neurography
Authors: Jende Johann M. E. , Groener Jan B. , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Heiland Sabine , Kopf Stefan , Pham Mirko , Nawroth Peter , Bendszus Martin , Kurz Felix T. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo visualize and quantify differences of microstructural nerve damage in distal symmetric diabetic neuropathy (DPN) between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to detect correlations between neuropathic symptoms and serological risk factors.MethodsThree‐tesla magnetic resonance neurography of the sciatic nerve was performed in 120 patients (T1D, n = 35; T2D, n = 85) with either DPN (n = 84) or no DPN (n = 36). Results were subsequently correlated with clinical, serological, and electrophysiological patient data.ResultsT2‐weighted (T2w)‐hyperintense lesions correlated negatively with tibial compound motor action potential (r = −0.58, p < 0.0001) and peroneal nerve conduction (r = 0.51, p = 0.0002), and positively with neuropathy disability score (NDS; r = −0.54, p < 0.0001), neuropathy symptom score (NSS; r = 0.52, p < 0.0001), and HbA1c level (r = 0.23, p = 0.014). T2w‐hypointense lesions correlated positively with NDS (r = 0.28, p = 0.002), NSS (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001), and serum triglycerides (r = 0.34, p = 0.0003), and negatively with serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL; r = −0.48, p < 0.0001). For DPN in T1D, elevated values of T2w‐hyperintense lesions (19.67 ± 4.13% vs 12.49 ± 1.23%, p = 0.027) and HbA1c (8.74 ± 0.29% vs 7.11 ± 0.16%, p < 0.0001) were found when compared to T2D. For DPN in T2D, elevated T2w‐hypointense lesions (23.41 ± 2.69mm3 vs 11.43 ± 1.74mm3, p = 0.046) and triglycerides (220.70 ± 23.70mg/dl vs 106.60 ± 14.51mg/dl, p < 0.0001), and lower serum HDL (51.29 ± 3.02mg/dl vs 70.79 ± 4.65mg/dl, p < 0.0001) were found when compared to T1D.InterpretationThe predominant type of nerve lesion in DPN differs between T1D and T2D. Correlations found between lesion type and serological parameters indicate that predominant nerve lesions in T1D are associated with poor glycemic control and loss of nerve conduction, whereas predominant lesions in T2D are associated with changes in lipid metabolism. These findings may be helpful for future studies on the underlying pathophysiological pathways and possible treatments for DPN in T1D and T2D. Ann Neurol 2018;83:588–598
Hybrid Indicators for Fast and Sensitive Voltage Imaging
Authors: Xu Yongxian , Peng Luxin , Wang Sicong , Wang Anqi , Ma Ruirui , Zhou Ying , Yang Jiahe , Sun De‐en , Lin Wei , Chen Xing , Zou Peng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMembrane voltage is an important biophysical signal that underlies intercellular electrical communications. A fluorescent voltage indicator is presented that enables the investigation of electrical signaling at high spatial resolution. The method is built upon the site‐specific modification of microbial rhodopsin proteins with organic fluorophores, resulting in a hybrid indicator scaffold that is one of the most sensitive and fastest orange‐colored voltage indicators developed to date. We applied this technique to optically map electrical connectivity in cultured cells, which revealed gap junction‐mediated long‐range coupling that spanned over hundreds of micrometers.
Catalyst‐Enabled Site‐Divergent Stereoselective Michael Reactions: Overriding Intrinsic Reactivity of Enynyl Carbonyl Acceptors
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Shibazaki Ryo , Tanaka Naoya , Yamada Kohei , Yoshioka Ken , Ooi Takashi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA site‐divergent stereoselective Michael reaction system is developed based on the identification of two distinct catalysts. Cinchonidine‐derived thiourea catalyzes the 1,4‐addition of prochiral azlactone enolates to enynyl N‐acyl pyrazoles in a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner to give stereochemically defined alkynes, while P‐spiro chiral triaminoiminophosphorane catalytically controls the stereoselective 1,6‐addition and the consecutive γ‐protonation of the vinylogous enolate intermediate to afford Z,E‐configured conjugated dienes. This 1,6‐adduct serves as a valuable precursor for the synthesis of a 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy sugar.
Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Heng , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Judez Xabier , Li Chunmei , Rodriguez‐Martínez Lide M. , Armand Michel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLithium metal (Li0) rechargeable batteries (LMBs), such as systems with a Li0 anode and intercalation and/or conversion type cathode, lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S), and lithium‐oxygen (O2)/air (Li‐O2/air) batteries, are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system, with the aim of sustainable mobility. Although some rechargeable LMBs (e.g. Li0/LiFePO4 batteries from Bolloré Bluecar, Li‐S batteries from OXIS Energy and Sion Power) are already commercially viable in niche applications, their large‐scale deployment is hampered by a number of formidable challenges, including growth of lithium dendrites, electrolyte instability towards high voltage intercalation‐type cathodes, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of sulfur (S8) and O2, as well as their corresponding reduction products (e.g. Li2S and Li2O), dissolution, and shuttling of polysulfide (PS) intermediates. This leads to a short lifecycle, low coulombic/energy efficiency, poor safety, and a high self‐discharge rate. The use of electrolyte additives is considered one of the most economical and effective approaches for circumventing these problems. This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Heterobiaryl Ketones by Zinc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation
Authors: Hornillos Valentín , Carmona José A. , Ros Abel , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA diastereo‐ and highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of configurationally labile heterobiaryl ketones is described. The DKR proceeds by zinc‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of the carbonyl group, thus leading to secondary alcohols bearing axial and central chirality. The strategy relies on the labilization of the stereogenic axis that takes place thanks to a Lewis acid–base interaction between a nitrogen atom in the heterocycle and the ketone carbonyl group. The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated through stereospecific transformations into either N,N‐ligands or appealing axially chiral, bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts.
Direct Cyclization of Tertiary Aryl Amines with Iodonium Ylides
Authors: Zhao Zhiguo , Luo Yongrui , Liu Shuya , Zhang Liang , Feng Lei , Wang Yao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDescribed herein is a direct cyclization of simple tertiary aryl amines with iodonium ylides leading to a broad range of N‐heterocycles. Completely different from the known reactivity of iodonium ylides, the finding reported herein is that an iodonium ylide is capable of cleaving a C(sp3)−H bond and accepting two hydrogen atoms of a tertiary aryl amine, thus inducing a novel cyclization process. This transformation can proceed without the assistance of a transition‐metal catalyst and eliminates the need for the premodification of the amine or the use of an additional initiator/oxidant.
Pyrene‐functional star polymers as fluorescent probes for nitrophenolic compounds
Authors: Tasci Enis , Aydin Muhammet , Gorur Mesut , Gürek Ayşe Gül , Yilmaz Faruk 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTNovel tetra‐armed star‐shaped styrenic copolymers with pyrene side groups [(S1‐S3)‐Pyr] were prepared and employed as fluorescence sensing probe for fast and sensitive determination of nitroaromatic compounds. (S1‐S3)‐Pyr depicted characteristic pyrene monomer emission signals as well as broad excimer bands in their fluorescence emission spectra due to close proximity of the pyrene groups on the polymer chains and the ratio of monomer to excimer emission intensities gradually decreased as the pyrene content of the star polymers were increased from S1‐Pyr to S3‐Pyr. The highest quenching efficiency in the presence of 25 equivalent nitroaromatics was observed for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol/picric acid (99.4%) followed by 2,4‐dinitrophenol (84.2%), 4‐nitrophenol (82.6%), 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (44.0%), 2,4‐dinitrotolunene (32.6%), and 4‐nitrotoluene (28.8%). Superior quenching efficiencies of nitrophenolic compounds were ascribed to their strong binding affinity for (S1‐S3)‐Pyr due to the acidity of phenolic hydroxyl units. Besides, quenching ratios of S1‐Pyr, S2‐Pyr, and S3‐Pyr were measured to be very close to each other. Thus, (S1‐S3)‐Pyr are considered to be highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probes for phenolic nitroaromatic compounds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46310.
Knowledge about cervical cancer and barriers toward cervical cancer screening among HIV‐positive women attending public health centers in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Saba , Addissie Adamu , Gizaw Muluken , Hirpa Selamawit , Ayele Wondimu , Getachew Sefonias , Kantelhardt Eva J. , Assefa Mathewos , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScreening rate for cervical cancer among HIV‐infected women and among women overall is low in Ethiopia despite the high burden of the disease and HIV infection, which increases cervical cancer risk. In this paper, we assessed knowledge about cervical cancer symptoms, prevention, early detection, and treatment and barriers to screening among HIV‐positive women attending community health centers for HIV‐infection management in Addis Ababa. A cross‐sectional survey of 581 HIV‐positive women aged 21–64 years old attending 14 randomly selected community health centers without cervical cancer screening service in Addis Ababa. We used univariate analysis to calculate summary statistics for each variable considered in the analysis, binary logistic regression analysis to measure the degree of association between dependent and independent variables, and multiple regressions for covariate adjusted associations. Statistical significance for all tests was set at P < 0.05. We used thematic analysis to describe the qualitative data. Of the 581 women enrolled in the study with mean age 34.9 ± 7.7 years, 57.8% of participants had heard of cervical cancer and 23.4% were knowledgeable about the symptoms, prevention, early detection, and treatment of the disease. In multivariate analysis, higher educational attainment and employment were significantly associated with good knowledge about cervical cancer. In addition, only 10.8% of the participants ever had screening and 17% ever received recommendation for it. However, 86.2% of them were willing to be screened if free of cost. Knowledge about cervical cancer is poor and cervical cancer screening rate and provider recommendation are low among HIV‐positive women attending community health centers for management and follow‐up of their disease in Addis Ababa. These findings underscore the need to scale up health education about cervical cancer prevention and early detection among HIV‐positive women as well as among primary healthcare providers in the city.
Novel N‐Mo2C Active Sites for Efficient Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Abbas Syed Comail , Peng Zeng , Wu Jing , Anandhababu Ganesan , Babu Dickson D. , Huang Yiyin , Ghausi Muhammad Arsalan , Wu Maoxiang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHydrogen production from water driven by electrochemical/solar energy is extremely desirable, but it requires a capable and robust electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For the aforesaid purpose, molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has been considered as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen production; however, N‐Mo2C has been less focused upon. For this purpose, we report a facile method for the synthesis of N‐Mo2C active species. The as‐synthesized electrocatalyst exhibits a remarkable electrochemical performance for HER with a small onset potential of 30.6 mV vs. RHE and requires overpotential (η) of only 99.3 mV vs. RHE to render −10 mA cm−2 current density. The Tafel slope of 62.8 mV dec−1 further demonstrates the favorable reaction kinetics of the electrocatalyst. Moreover, for practical applications, solar‐driven hydrogen production has been efficiently implemented, which shows excellent faradaic efficiency (95.2 %) as well as solar‐to‐hydrogen generation efficiency (1.14 %). This facile approach for the synthesis of N‐Mo2C active species can provide valuable enlightenment for the further development of photo‐/electrocatalysts.
Carbon Nanorod−MoS2 Core−Sheath Heterostructure and Its Electrochemical Properties over Various Electrochemical Windows
Authors: Wu Manman , Liu Cong , Xu Hui , Shen Jiandong , Yang Yang , Yang Gang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe powder of a carbon nanorod−MoS2 core−sheath heterostructure is successfully synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. The carbon nanorod−MoS2 material is composed of hierarchical MoS2 nanosheets tightly grown on carbon nanorods, in which the carbon nanorods as a template effectively reduce the aggregation of the MoS2 nanosheets. The electrochemical properties of the carbon nanorod−MoS2 composite electrode are studied in detail, as the intercalation of lithium into MoS2 includes two significant changes in lithiation mechanism, which occur over various electrochemical windows, such as from 1.0 to 3.0 V and from 0.001 to 3.0 V. The former mainly corresponds to the intercalation/extraction of lithium cations, and thus it presents excellent cyclic stability but low specific capacity. The later causes a big phase change in the final Li‐Sulfur battery system, and thus delivers a high specific capacity but is accompanied by serious pulverization and consequential fast capacity fading. MoS2 supported by carbon nanorods presents a better electrochemical performance than the pure MoS2 sample over various electrochemical windows.
Bioorthogonal Metabolic DNA Labelling using Vinyl Thioether‐Modified Thymidine and o‐Quinolinone Quinone Methide
Authors: Gubu Amu , Li Long , Ning Yan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Lee Seonghyun , Feng Mengke , Li Qiang , Lei Xiaoguang , Jo Kyubong , Tang Xinjing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBioorthogonal metabolic DNA labeling with fluorochromes is a powerful strategy to visualize DNA molecules and their functions. Here, we report the development of a new DNA metabolic labeling strategy enabled by the catalyst‐free bioorthogonal ligation using vinyl thioether modified thymidine and o‐quinolinone quinone methide. With the newly designed vinyl thioether‐modified thymidine (VTdT), we added labeling tags on cellular DNA, which could further be linked to fluorochromes in cells. Therefore, we successfully visualized the DNA localization within cells as well as single DNA molecules without other staining reagents. In addition, we further characterized this bioorthogonal DNA metabolic labeling using DNase I digestion, MS characterization of VTdT as well as VTdT‐oQQF conjugate in cell nuclei or mitochondria. This technique provides a powerful strategy to study DNA in cells, which paves the way to achieve future spatiotemporal deciphering of DNA synthesis and functions.
Cover Picture: Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Radical Reactions (Chin. J. Chem. 3/2018)
Authors: Wang Kuai , Kong Wangqing 
Published: February 2018

The control of stereoselectivity in radical reactions is of great importance, but remains a formidable challenge. The cover picture shows that the enantiomerically pure compounds can be prepared in radical transformations using chiral transition metal complexes as catalysts. Recent advances are summarized in the review by Kong et al. on page 247–256.
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Odanacatib Pharmacokinetics Comparison Between Chinese and Non‐Chinese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chen Xia , Jiang Ji , Hu Pei , Zajic Stefan , Liu Wen , McCrea Jacqueline , Liu Fang , Witter Rose , Mangin Eric , Stoch S. Aubrey 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOdanacatib (ODN), an oral selective inhibitor of cathepsin K, was an investigational agent previously in development for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this phase 1 open‐label study, 12 healthy Chinese postmenopausal women received single‐dose ODN 50 mg on day 1 and multiple‐dose ODN 50 mg once weekly on days 15, 22, 29, and 36 under fasted conditions. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were evaluated on days 1 and 36. Multiple‐dose area under the concentration–time profile (AUC0–168h) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were compared with historical data from 9 non‐Chinese postmenopausal women who also received ODN 50 mg once weekly for 4 weeks. Median time to Cmax (tmax) was 3 and 4 hours following single‐ and multiple‐dose administration, respectively. The arithmetic mean ± SD terminal half‐life was 81.0 ± 14.0 and 106.7 ± 14.4 hours following single‐ and multiple‐dose administration, respectively. Comparison of multiple‐dose PK parameters showed that the geometric mean ratios (Chinese/non‐Chinese) and 95%CIs for AUC0–168h and Cmax were 0.81 (0.55‒1.19) and 0.87 (0.69‒1.11), respectively. All adverse events were mild, none were serious, and none led to discontinuation. Single‐ and multiple‐dose PKs of ODN 50 mg in Chinese postmenopausal women were generally similar to those previously reported in non‐Chinese postmenopausal women.
Application of the partial safety concept for complex non‐linear calculations through the example of Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin
Authors: Bakeer Tammam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNon‐linear analysis of special structures is routine practice in every engineering design office. Current code provisions provide no sufficient regulations or clear procedures on how to use partial safety factors in non‐linear analyses. The present paper introduces some specific problems of masonry structures from practice.Limit state functions of vertically loaded masonry walls were investigated. A reliability study shows that the decisive case of verification can be obtained by considering a special combination of material parameters. The study also indicates the importance of considering a partial factor for the elastic modulus to account for stability failure.This proposed procedure has been applied to a practical example, the Friedrichswerder Church. The stability of the church has been checked with many FEM models at the macro level.
Spatial patterns of the frog Oophaga pumilio in a plantation system are consistent with conspecific attraction
Authors: Folt Brian , Donnelly Maureen A. , Guyer Craig 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe conspecific attraction hypothesis predicts that individuals are attracted to conspecifics because conspecifics may be cues to quality habitat and/or colonists may benefit from living in aggregations. Poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are aposematic, territorial, and visually oriented—three characteristics which make dendrobatids an appropriate model to test for conspecific attraction. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using an extensive mark‐recapture dataset of the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) from La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Data were collected from replicate populations in a relatively homogenous Theobroma cacao plantation, which provided a unique opportunity to test how conspecifics influence the spatial ecology of migrants in a controlled habitat with homogenous structure. We predicted that (1) individuals entering a population would aggregate with resident adults, (2) migrants would share sites with residents at a greater frequency than expected by chance, and (3) migrant home ranges would have shorter nearest‐neighbor distances (NND) to residents than expected by chance. The results were consistent with these three predictions: Relative to random simulations, we observed significant aggregation, home‐range overlap, and NND distribution functions in four, five, and six, respectively, of the six migrant–resident groups analyzed. Conspecific attraction may benefit migrant O. pumilio by providing cues to suitable home sites and/or increasing the potential for social interactions with conspecifics; if true, these benefits should outweigh the negative effects of other factors associated with aggregation. The observed aggregation between migrant and resident O. pumilio is consistent with conspecific attraction in dendrobatid frogs, and our study provides rare support from a field setting that conspecific attraction may be a relevant mechanism for models of anuran spatial ecology.
Florivory indirectly decreases the plant reproductive output through changes in pollinator attraction
Authors: Tsuji Kaoru , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpecies often interact indirectly with each other via their traits. There is increasing appreciation of trait‐mediated indirect effects linking multiple interactions. Flowers interact with both pollinators and floral herbivores, and the flower‐pollinator interaction may be modified by indirect effects of floral herbivores (i.e., florivores) on flower traits such as flower size attracting pollinators. To explore whether flower size affects the flower‐pollinator interaction, we usedEurya japonicaflowers. We examined whether artificial florivory decreased fruit and seed production, and also whether flower size affected florivory and the number of floral visitors. The petal removal treatment (i.e., artificial florivory) showed approximately 50% reduction in both fruit and seed set in natural pollination but not in artificial pollination. Furthermore, flower size increased the number of floral visitors, although it did not affect the frequency of florivory. Our results demonstrate that petal removal indirectly decreased 75% of female reproductive output via decreased flower visits by pollinators and that flower size mediated indirect interactions between florivory and floral visitors.
Supplement comprising of laccase and citric acid as an alternative for antibiotics: In vitro triggers of melanin production
Authors: Chaali Mona , Lecka Joanna , Suresh Gayatri , Salem Mabrouka , Brar Satinder Kaur , Hernandez‐Galan Leticia , Sévigny Jean , Avalos‐Ramirez Antonio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn indiscriminate use of antibiotics in humans and animals has led to the widespread selection of antibiotic‐resistance, thus constricting the use of antibiotics. A possible solution to counter this problem could be to develop alternatives that can boost the host immunity, thus reducing the quantity and frequency of antibiotic use. In this work, for the first time, citric acid and laccase were used as extracellular inducers of melanin production in yeast cells and human cell lines. It is proposed that the formulation of laccase and citric acid together could further promote melatonin‐stimulated, melanocyte‐derived melanin production. Melanization as a probe of immunity described in this study, is an easy and a rapid test compared to other immunity tests and it allows performing statistical analyses. The results showed the synergistic effect of citric acid and laccase on melanin production by yeast cells, with significant statistical differences compared to all other tested conditions (p: 0.0005–0.005). Laccase and citric acid together boosted melanin production after 8 days of incubation. An increase in melanin production by two human colon cells lines (Cacao‐2/15 and HT‐29) was observed on supplementation with both laccase and citric acid in the cell growth medium. Produced melanin showed antimicrobial properties similar to antibiotics. Therefore, a formulation with citric acid and laccase may prove to be an excellent alternative to reduce the antibiotic use in human and animal subjects.