bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extra‐pair paternity in birds
Authors: Brouwer Lyanne , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the first molecular study providing evidence for mating outside the pair bond in birds over 30 years ago, >500 studies have reported rates of extra‐pair paternity (EPP) in >300 bird species. Here, we give a detailed overview of the current literature reporting EPP in birds and highlight the sampling biases and patterns in the data set with respect to taxonomy, avian phylogeny and global regions, knowledge of which will be crucial for correct interpretation of results in future comparative studies. Subsequently, we use this comprehensive dataset to simultaneously test the role of several ecological and life history variables. We do not find clear evidence that variation in EPP across socially monogamous species can be explained by latitude, density (coloniality), migration, generation length, genetic structuring (dispersal distance), or climatic variability, after accounting for phylogeny. These results contrast previous studies, most likely due to the large heterogeneity within species in both EPP and the predictor of interest, indicating that using species averages might be unreliable. Despite the absence of broadscale ecological drivers in explaining interspecific variation in EPP, we suggest that certain behaviours and ecological variables might facilitate or constrain EPP, as indicated by our finding that EPP was negatively associated with latitude within noncolonial species, suggesting a role of breeding synchrony. Thus, rather than focussing on general explanations for variation in EPP across all species, a future focus should be on how various aspects of ecology or life history might have driven variation in EPP among groups of species or populations of the same species. Hence, we argue that variation in EPP can be partly explained when taking the right perspective. This comprehensive overview, and particularly the dataset provided herein will create a foundation for further studies.
Urbanization impacts apex predator gene flow but not genetic diversity across an urban‐rural divide
Authors: Trumbo Daryl R. , Salerno Patricia E. , Logan Kenneth A. , Alldredge Mathew W. , Gagne Roderick B. , Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Kraberger Simona , Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Craft Meggan E. , Carver Scott , Ernest Holly B. , Crooks Kevin R. , VandeWoude Sue , Funk W. Chris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractApex predators are important indicators of intact natural ecosystems. They are also sensitive to urbanization because they require broad home ranges and extensive contiguous habitat to support their prey base. Pumas (Puma concolor) can persist near human developed areas, but urbanization may be detrimental to their movement ecology, population structure, and genetic diversity. To investigate potential effects of urbanization in population connectivity of pumas, we performed a landscape genomics study of 130 pumas on the rural Western Slope and more urbanized Front Range of Colorado, USA. Over 12,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using double‐digest, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). We investigated patterns of gene flow and genetic diversity, and tested for correlations between key landscape variables and genetic distance to assess the effects of urbanization and other landscape factors on gene flow. Levels of genetic diversity were similar for the Western Slope and Front Range, but effective population sizes were smaller, genetic distances were higher, and there was more admixture in the more urbanized Front Range. Forest cover was strongly positively associated with puma gene flow on the Western Slope, while impervious surfaces restricted gene flow and more open, natural habitats enhanced gene flow on the Front Range. Landscape genomic analyses revealed differences in puma movement and gene flow patterns in rural versus urban settings. Our results highlight the utility of dense, genome‐scale markers to document subtle impacts of urbanization on a wide‐ranging carnivore living near a large urban center.
Time and Measures of Success: Interpreting and Implementing Laudato Si’
Authors: Grey Carmody Teresa Sinclair 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLaudato Si’ contains a prophetic vision of what time is and is for. It challenges development organisations to think critically about the way they conceive ‘progress’, the way they measure their ‘success’. In doing so, it invites them to ask how they express in their activity a particular conception of the meaning of time. This paper argues that Laudato Si’ proposes a vision of time which is theological, teleological, dialectical and contemplative, and that it is this vision which underpins its contrast between true and false notions of progress. The paper seeks to articulate a foundation for the formulation of authentic ‘measures of success’ that are expressive of this understanding of time, and to imagine what the organisational implications of such measures might be.
Hylomorphism, Intentionality, and Prior's Puzzle
Authors: Younan Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper I intend to discuss the question in philosophy of mind called “Prior's Puzzle” within a hylomorphic, that is, a broadly Aristotelian-Thomistic, context. After laying the groundwork explaining hylomorphism in natural philosophy and basic psychology in Part I, I will examine Prior's puzzle about nonexistent mental objects in Part II. The connection between these two issues will become clear as the paper progresses, but the fundamental principle that will guide my presentation is that of intentionality, or “directedness.”
Analogy, Synergy, Revelation: Divine-Humanity in John Milbank's Poetic Theology
Authors: Tromans Oliver 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article builds upon the analogical reflections of John Milbank – taking his work in a distinctly “projectionist” direction. It is argued that analogy (as Milbank understands it) allows us to talk of “projection” in theology without succumbing to Feuerbach's anthropological reductionism. In my discussion of Milbank's work, what is emphasized is the “poetic” nature of theological analogy, in which the divine and human creations intersect. God is revealed in and through the human, through the things we make. In its development of projectionist themes, Milbank's work, it is shown, demonstrates several potentials for feminist theology and philosophy of religion. In particular, his analogical vision helps to overcome any sort of dichotomy between human and divine, “projection” and “truth”. Crucially in this regard, Milbank's analogy stresses the importance, not only of our “makings”, but also of the divine initiative.
Lead us not into Temptation: On the Proposed Revision of the Our Father
Authors: Hewitt Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently a change to the Italian text of the Pater Noster has been proposed. Motivation for this change centers on worries about the suggestion that God leads us into temptation. This paper argues that these worries issue from a confused picture of the relationship between God and creaturely freedom. More fundamentally, however, the suggestion that these kind of worries ought to precipitate revision of liturgical texts fails to take seriously the nature of the liturgy as prayer, rather than simply a means of communicating information. Drawing on Wittgenstein, the sui generis nature of prayer is laid out before the paper concludes with some comments on the distinctive values of both scholarship and prayer.
A tale of two green walls: a functional trait approach to assess vegetation establishment on restored steep slopes
Authors: Monteiro Juliana , Brilhante Miguel , Domingues Inês , Amaro Rute , Gonçalves Dulce , Cavaco Teresa , Fonseca Gonçalo , Serrano Helena C. , Branquinho Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Green walls (GWs) have been increasingly recognized as an important restoration technique for steep slopes resulting from quarrying activities or major infrastructure construction projects. In practice, GW irrigation is considered essential, although studies evaluating vegetation establishment under different irrigation regimes are lacking. Besides taxonomic metrics, functional diversity measures were used to compare the diversity and composition of plant communities of two hydroseeded GWs, with different irrigation regimes (irrigated vs. low‐irrigated). The studied GWs were installed in Peneda‐Gerês National Park (NW Portugal) to minimize the visual impact of shotcrete walls, along a road infrastructure, and promote their ecological restoration. Species' cover was recorded 3 years after installation. Species were classified according to their growth form, life form, and life strategy. Despite hydroseeding approximately 57 species, GW vegetation was dominated by spontaneous species, particularly acrocarpous mosses, regardless of irrigation regime. Species and functional richness were higher under irrigated conditions, while no differences were observed for species diversity and functional dispersion. Functional trait composition did not differ between GWs, indicating that both systems potentially provide the same ecosystem functions and services. Our results also suggest that spontaneous species colonizing GWs are highly adapted to local environmental conditions, given their dominance in both irrigated and low‐irrigated communities. Overall, irrigation did not affect the structure and functioning of GW communities, only their redundancy, since more species exhibiting similar traits were established in the irrigated GW. Therefore, our findings suggest that low‐irrigated GWs, hydroseeded with native species, represent a more cost‐effective solution to reduce the ecological impacts of steep slopes.
Bayesian Modelling of Marked Point Processes with Incomplete Records: Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Wang Ting , Schofield Matthew , Bebbington Mark , Kiyosugi Koji 
Published: October 2019

SummaryModelling point processes with incomplete records is a challenging problem, especially when the degree of record completeness varies over time. For volcanic eruption records, we expect the degree of missingness to depend on both the time and the size of an eruption. We propose a time-varying intensity function for a marked point process to model the non-stationary variation of the observed point process caused by missing data. We apply this model to global and regional volcanic eruption records and use Bayesian inference to obtain hazard estimates and their uncertainties based on the observed incomplete records, to carry out residual analysis and to provide forecasts.
The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Teixeira Diogo S. , Cid Luis , Machado Sérgio , Monteiro Diogo 
Published: October 2019

Motivation plays an important role when it comes to regular physical exercise. Hence, low levels of intentions to continue exercising in the future may ultimately lead to higher rates of exercise dropout. The first objective of the present research was to test a theoretical model considering the dark side of motivational determinants on intentions towards exercising in the future. The second objective consisted in comparing groups with different characteristics, as a way to identify individuals with weaker intention, which is believed to be an indicator of a higher dropout risk. In total, 544 (294 female; 250 male) gym exercisers aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 35.00; SD = 11.57) partook in the present research. Participants were engaged in fitness group classes (n = 273) or in cardio/resistance workouts (n = 271), and their exercise experience ranged from 3 to 120 months (M = 47.41; SD = 7.54). Results showed that the measurement and the structural model had an excellent fit. In addition, the structural model was invariant between gender, fitness activities, and exercise experience. Each group displayed different explained variance in intention to continue exercising. Overall, male, young adults and more experienced exercisers had stronger intentions towards exercising. Fitness instructors should be aware of their own thwarting behaviors, especially when interacting with female, young and less experienced exercisers, since they have weaker intentions to exercise in the future, possibly representing an increased risk of withdrawal.
Device and method matter: A critical evaluation of eccentric hamstring muscle strength assessments
Authors: Wiesinger Hans‐Peter , Gressenbauer Christoph , Kösters Alexander , Scharinger Manuel , Müller Erich 
Published: October 2019

Equivocal findings exist on isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise testing of eccentric hamstring strength capacity. Here, we propose a critical comparison of the mechanical output of hamstring muscles as assessed with either a dynamometer (IKD) or a Nordic hamstring device (NHD). Twenty‐five volunteers (26 ± 3 years) took part in a counterbalanced repeated‐measures protocol on both devices. Eccentric peak torque, work, angle of peak torque, bilateral strength ratios, and electromyography activity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles were assessed. There was a very poor correlation in eccentric peak torque between the devices (r < 0.58), with a systematic and proportional bias toward lower torque values on the IKD (~28%) and a high typical error (~19%) in IKD and NHD measurements comparison. Furthermore, participants performed a higher total eccentric work on IKD, reached peak torques at greater knee extension angles, and showed a greater side‐to‐side strength difference compared to the Nordic hamstring exercise. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was lower during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Reliability was low for work on NHD and for angle of peak torque and bilateral strength ratios on either device. We conclude that the evaluation of eccentric knee flexor strength depends on the testing conditions and even under standardized procedures, the IKD and NHD measure a different trait. Both tests have limitations in terms of assessing strength differences within an individual, and measurements of the angle of peak torque or side‐to‐side differences in eccentric knee flexor strength revealed low reliability and should be considered with caution.
Different Types of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Systems for Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Removal
Authors: Zain S. M. , Ching N. L. , Jusoh S. , Yunus S. Y. 
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the rate of electricity generation and the rate of carbon and nitrogen removal from wastewater using different MFC processes. Determining whether the generation of electricity using MFC process could be related to the rate of pollutant removal from wastewater is noteworthy. Three types of MFC process configurations include the batch mode (SS), a continuous flow of influent with ferricyanide (PF) as the oxidizing agent and a continuous flow of influent with oxygen (PU) as the oxidizing agent. The highest quantity of electricity generation was achieved using the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (0.833 V), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (0.589 V) and the batch mode (0.352 V). The highest efficiency of carbon removal is also achieved by the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (87%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (51%) and the batch mode (46%). Moreover, the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide produced the highest efficiency for nitrogen removal (63%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (54%) and the batch mode (27%).
PROCESS SIMULATION OF PINEAPPLE JUICE SPRAY DRYING
Authors: Bello A. Aliyu , Ahmad Arshad , Ripin Adnan 
Published: October 2019

Pineapple juice is one of the known natural sources of bromelain, a bioactive compound beneficial to health. The dried powder has potential commercial value and is a convenient source of the juice drink. The quality of spray dried pineapple juice is dependent on the powder moisture content. Spray dried pineapple powders with low moisture contents were produced in a lab-scale spray dryer in this study. Powder production of 25% of total solids were obtained by use of DE6 maltodextrin to solids ratio of 0.41:0.59. A heat and mass transfer model of the spray drying process was implemented in Matlab and solved to determine its predictive utility. The simulation results showed agreement with experimental data at high inlet air temperatures but widely diverged at other air temperatures. The error size in predicted product moisture varied from 73% at 165 oC to almost zero at 185 oC while that for the predicted exit air temperatures varied from about 38% to zero over the same temperature range. Accuracy can be improved if transient heat effects, and sub models for the feed drying are included in the model.
MEASUREMENT OF HEART RATE TO DETERMINE CAR DRIVERS’ PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT IN SIMULATED DRIVING: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Ismail Faizul Rizal , Khamis Nor Kamaliana , Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Schramm Dieter , Hesse Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

Fatigue is a gradual process related with an effort to keep awake, eventually resulting in declination of human performance. It is one of the well-known risk factors for traffic accidents. The objective of this study is to understand the psychophysiological aspects of driver fatigue by using driving simulator. This study had focused on heart rate (HR) measures to determine drivers’ performance as this method can be measured in a less intrusive manner. Hence, in this study, 17 relevant studies were discussed, chosen from electronic databases. This study encompasses a range of subject areas, including concepts and theories of fatigue, driver fatigue, and psychophysiological indicators and countermeasures of driver fatigue. A variety of psychophysiological measures and parameters have been used in past research as indicators of fatigue. Based on this review, HR can assists researchers to determine performance according to a task demand, condition and its complexity. The review highlighted gaps in the literature and opportunities for future studies.
SUITABILITY OF HEART RATE RECORDING AS PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES TOOL TO DETERMINE DRIVERS’ PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Khamis Nor Kamaliana , Ismail Faizul Rizal , Hesse Benjamin , Schramm Dieter , Maas Niko , Koppers Martin , Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Md Deros Baba 
Published: October 2019

Performance impairment may occur if the driver feels fatigue while driving. This study investigated the drivers’ condition while performing one hour driving simulation in a controlled environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether heart rate measures can be used to detect impaired driver performance as well as reduced alertness. There are two different experiments conducted among the subjects; (i) without vibration and (ii) with vibration. A monotonous driving simulation scenario with low demand of traffic flow was utilized to detect drivers’ performance impairment. Heart rate (HR) was recorded over the entire experiment; (i) 30 minutes before driving, (ii) one hour during driving and (iii) 30 minutes after driving in the morning before lunch break. The baseline measurement was recorded when the subject has performed his daily routine in the same hours of experiment, which is about three hours. HR measures were derived and correlated to variation of lane deviation (VLD), a driving performance measure, and to the driver's state, which was estimated by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Experimental result shows all subjects’ HR data were lower at the end of the driving task, particularly when driving in the simulator without vibration. Based on KSS evaluation, subjects tend to feel sleepy during driving and become less sleepy when they reach the destination. In term of VLD, all subjects tend xto cross the lane, which means they were not focused to the task. In conclusion, HR can be used as a tool to detect drivers’ performance and it is a useful indicator of physiological adaptation and intensity of effort.
Postglacial environmental change of a high-elevation forest, Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south-central Colorado
Authors: Anderson R. Scott , Soltow Hanna R. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Continuous sediment, pollen, and charcoal records were developed from an 8.46-m-long sediment core taken from Hermit Lake in the northern Sangre de Cristo mountain range of Colorado. Presently, vegetation around the lake is upper subalpine forest, consisting of Picea engelmannii (Englemann spruce) with some Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir), and the lake lies &gt;200 m below present tree line. We used several pollen ratios to reconstruct the relative position of the tree line and the occurrence of clay layers to infer landscape instability through time.
Deglaciation of the Hermit Lake drainage began during the Bølling-Allerød interval. Between ca. 13.5 and 12.4 ka, high Artemisia (sagebrush) pollen abundance, low Picea/Pinus (spruce/pine; S/P) ratios, and sporadic occurrence of Picea macrofossils indicate alpine tundra-spruce conditions. Though the pollen record shows no transition to the Younger Dryas, the subsequent absence of Picea needle fragments suggests a lowering of tree line. By ca. 10.2 ka, a subalpine forest of Picea and Pinus grew there. Based on pollen ratios, tree line was higher than today from ca. 9.0 to ca. 3.8 ka, after which the tree line began to lower to its present elevation. Maximum expansion of the Picea-Abies subalpine forest, determined from both pollen and macrofossils, was coincident with the highest influx of charcoal particles and maximum deposition of postfire erosion (clay layers) into the lake. The period ca. 7.8–6.2 ka was the driest period, as shown by aquatic indicators, but pollen ratios suggest that ca. 6.2–3.8 ka was the warmest period of the Holocene, accompanied by high rates of burning, and consequently elevated erosion of clays into the lake. During the late Holocene, declining S/P ratios are interpreted as declining alpine tree line, while decreases in both Picea to Artemisia (S/Art) and Pinus to Artemisia (P/Art) ratios suggest climate cooling. Pollen evidence suggests expansion of the lower-elevation Colorado piñon (Pinus edulis), which has been documented as part of a widespread phenomenon noted by other studies.
Socioeconomic differences in mortality among 27 million economically active Germans: a cross-sectional analysis of the German Pension Fund data
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel , Scholz Rembrandt , Shkolnikov Vladimir M 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo assess disparities in mortality by socioeconomic status in Germany.Design and participantsWe analyse a large administrative dataset of the German Pension Fund (DRV), including 27 million person-years of exposure and 42 000 deaths in 2013. The data cover the economically active population, stratified by sex and by East and West.Outcome measuresAge-standardised mortality rates and Poisson regression mortality rate ratios (MRRs).ResultsThe risk of dying increases with decreasing income: the MRRs of the lowest to the highest income quintile are 4.66 (95% CI 4.48 to 4.85) among men and 3.06 (95% CI 2.90 to 3.23) among women. The impact of income attenuates after controlling for education and other explanatory variables, especially for females. In the fully controlled model for females, individual income is a weaker predictor of mortality, but there is a clear educational mortality gradient. In the fully controlled model, the MRRs of the unemployed to the employed are 2.09 (95% CI 2.03 to 2.15) among men and 2.01 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.10) among women. The risk of dying is around half as high among foreigners as among German citizens. The socioeconomic disparities are greater among East than West German men.ConclusionsLow socioeconomic status is a major determinant of excess adult mortality in Germany. The persisting East-West differences in male adult mortality can be explained by the higher socioeconomic status of men living in the West, rather than by contextual differences between East and West. These differences can be further monitored using DRV data.