bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte Subtype Vulnerability in Stem Cell Models of Vanishing White Matter
Authors: Leferink Prisca S. , Dooves Stephanie , Hillen Anne E. J. , Watanabe Kyoko , Jacobs Gerbren , Gasparotto Lisa , Cornelissen‐Steijger Paulien , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Heine Vivi M. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAstrocytes have gained attention as important players in neurological disease. In line with their heterogeneous character, defects in specific astrocyte subtypes have been identified. Leukodystrophy vanishing white matter (VWM) shows selective vulnerability in white matter astrocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology is being extensively explored in studies of pathophysiology and regenerative medicine. However, models for distinct astrocyte subtypes for VWM are lacking, thereby hampering identification of disease‐specific pathways.MethodsHere, we characterize human and mouse pluripotent stem cell–derived gray and white matter astrocyte subtypes to generate an in vitro VWM model. We examined morphology and functionality, and used coculture methods, high‐content microscopy, and RNA sequencing to study VWM cultures.ResultsWe found intrinsic vulnerability in specific astrocyte subpopulations in VWM. When comparing VWM and control cultures, white matter–like astrocytes inhibited oligodendrocyte maturation, and showed affected pathways in both human and mouse cultures, involving the immune system and extracellular matrix. Interestingly, human white matter–like astrocytes presented additional, human‐specific disease mechanisms, such as neuronal and mitochondrial functioning.InterpretationAstrocyte subtype cultures revealed disease‐specific pathways in VWM. Cross‐validation of human‐ and mouse‐derived protocols identified human‐specific disease aspects. This study provides new insights into VWM disease mechanisms, which helps the development of in vivo regenerative applications, and we further present strategies to study astrocyte subtype vulnerability in neurological disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:780–792
A High‐Efficiency All‐Fiber Laser Operated in High‐Order Mode using Ring‐Core Yb‐Doped Fiber
Authors: Li Hongxun , Zhang Yimin , Dong Zhipeng , Lv Jialiang , Gu Chun , Yao Peijun , Xu Lixin , Zhang Rui , Su Jingqin , Chen Wei , Zhu Yonggang , Zhan Qiwen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn all‐fiber laser generating a cylindrical vector beam is proposed and demonstrated using a home‐made ring‐core Yb‐doped fiber (RC‐YDF). In the RC‐YDF, not only annular doping but also ring‐type beam pump is realized. This is believed to be the first report describing the realization of annular doping and ring‐type beam pump in active fiber simultaneously, which can enhance the efficiency for high‐order mode oscillation. This laser operates in the high‐order mode stably with a slope efficiency of as high as 55.7%. Cylindrical vector modes can be obtained easily through adjusting the polarization controller. This work may have great potential for providing high‐efficiency and high‐power cylindrical vector beam and vortex beam sources.
Heteroleptic transition metal complexes of Schiff‐base‐derived ligands exert their antifungal activity by disrupting membrane integrity
Authors: Dar Ovas Ahmad , Lone Shabir Ahmad , Malik Manzoor Ahmad , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Talukdar Md Ikbal Ahmed , Al‐Bogami Abdullah Saad , Hashmi Athar Adil , Ahmad Aijaz 
Published: August 2019

Development of new treatment strategies and chemotherapeutic agents is urgently needed to combat the growing multidrug resistant species of Candida. In this direction, a new series of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) heteroleptic complexes were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antifungal activity. Based on spectral characterization and physical measurements, an octahedral geometry was assigned to [Co(L1)(L2)ClH2O] (C2), [Ni(L1)(L2)ClH2O] (C3), [Zn(L1)(L2)ClH2O] (C4) complexes, while a distorted octahedral geometry was assigned to [Cu(L1)(L2)ClH2O] (C1) complex. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antifungal activity against 11 Candida albicans isolates, including fluconazole (FLC)‐resistant isolates, by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), following CLSI guidelines. The mechanism of their antifungal activity was assessed by studying their effect on the plasma membrane using flow cytometry and quantifying the ergosterol contents. All the test compounds showed varying levels of antifungal activity. Both the ligands showed moderate antifungal activity with a median MIC value of 100 μg/mL with no fungicidal activity. Compound C3 was the most potent compound with median MIC and MFC values of 0.10 and 1.60 μg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these compounds at MFC values disrupt the cell membrane, resulting in propidium iodide entering the cells. These compounds also reduced a considerable amount of ergosterol content after treating the cells with MIC and sub‐MIC values. This study indicates that these compounds have high antifungal activity against C. albicans, and have the potential to be developed as novel antifungal drugs.
Data‐driven queries between medications and spontaneous preterm birth among 2.5 million pregnancies
Authors: Marić Ivana , Winn Virginia D. , Borisenko Evgeniya , Weber Kari A. , Wong Ronald J. , Aziz Natali , Blumenfeld Yair J. , El‐Sayed Yasser Y. , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to develop an approach that can systematically identify potential associations between medication prescribed in pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) by mining large administrative “claims” databases containing hundreds of medications. One such association that we illustrate emerged with antiviral medications used for herpes treatment.MethodsIBM MarketScan® databases (2007–2016) were used. A pregnancy cohort was established using International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9/10) codes. Multiple hypothesis testing and the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure that limited false discovery rate at 5% revealed, among 863 medications, five that showed odds ratios (ORs) <1. The statistically strongest was an association between antivirals and sPTB that we illustrate as a real example of our approach, specifically for treatment of genital herpes (GH). Three groups of women were identified based on diagnosis of GH and treatment during the first 36 weeks of pregnancy: (a) GH without treatment; (b) GH treated with antivirals; (c) no GH or treatment.ResultsWe identified 2,538,255 deliveries. 0.98% women had a diagnosis of GH. Among them, 60.0% received antiviral treatment. Women with treated GH had OR < 1, (OR [95% CI] = 0.91 [0.85, 0.98]). In contrast, women with untreated GH had a small increased risk of sPTB (OR [95% CI] =1.22 [1.14, 1.32]).ConclusionsData‐driven approaches can effectively generate new hypotheses on associations between medications and sPTB. This analysis led us to examine the association with GH treatment. While unknown confounders may impact these findings, our results indicate that women with untreated GH have a modest increased risk of sPTB.
Polythiophene Grafted onto Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes through Oligo(ethylene oxide) Linkages for Supercapacitor Devices with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zhou Minya , Li Yueqin , Gong Qiang , Xia Zongbiao , Yang Yong , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Jie , Gao Qinwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoly(3‐oligo(ethylene oxide))thiophene (PD2ET) with an ethanolamine terminal in the side chain was covalently grafted onto the surface of single‐walled carbon nanotube bundles (PD2ET‐g‐SWCNTs) by using an esterification reaction. The chemical bond between PD2ET and the SWCNTs is confirmed by using various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The microstructural and morphological investigation revealed a good distribution of PD2ET on the surface of the SWCNTs, with a thickness of about 2–3 nm. As an electroactive material, the fabricated PD2ET‐g‐SWCNTs electrode demonstrated high capacitive performance in electrochemical tests, in which an efficient specific capacitance of 399 F/g at 1 A/g was obtained from galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. Furthermore, the long‐term stability investigation of PD2ET‐g‐SWCNTs electrode showed that over 91 % capacitance retention could be retained after 8000 successive charge/discharge cycles. The integrated two‐electrode supercapacitor based on the PD2ET‐g‐SWCNTs hybrid exhibited a high energy density of 22.5 Wh/kg and a power density of 500 W/kg at 0.625 A/g. The enhanced electrochemical behavior of the PD2ET‐g‐SWCNTs hybrid can be ascribed to the contribution of oligo(ethylene oxide), which facilitates ion diffusion and enables a faster charge process, thus rendering high efficiency in supercapacitors.
Developing Dual‐Graphite Batteries with Pure 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Ionic Liquid as the Electrolyte
Authors: Huang Yu , Xiao Rengui , Ma Zhiming , Zhu Weichen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel dual‐graphite battery (DGB) based on a pure 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMImTfO) ionic liquid electrolyte is constructed. Within a charge/discharge voltage range of 1.0–3.9 V and at a current of 400 mA g−1, batteries with dual‐natural‐graphite electrodes exhibit a high discharge plateau above 3.0 V with an initial discharge capacity of 46.2 mAh g−1, delivering a capacity retention of 71.0 % after 100 cycles. Comparative studies between the natural graphite and the synthetic graphite (KS6) electrodes are also conducted. Charge‐discharge tests reveal that the dual natural‐graphite battery presents a higher discharge voltage plateau and better retention than the dual KS6‐graphite battery. To confirm the principle of the dual‐graphite systems, a cyclic voltammetry test is conducted. The results demonstrate that the EMIm+ cation exhibits an even more stable intercalation/de‐intercalation behavior than the TfO− anion. Further tests, including ex situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ Raman spectroscopy, are performed to reveal the mechanism of TfO− and EMIm+ intercalation into graphite, both demonstrating a reversible process.
Inside Cover: A Computational Study on Iridium‐Catalyzed Production of Acetic Acid from Ethanol and Water Solution (Chin. J. Chem. 9/2019)
Authors: Yue Xin , Li Longfei , Li Pengjie , Luo Chenguang , Pu Min , Yang Zuoyin , Lei Ming 
Published: August 2019

The inside cover picture shows the hydrogen transfer process of the production of acetic acid from ethanol and water mixture catalyzed by iridium catalyst owning bpyO ligand. A DFT mechanistic study indicates that the cooperation of the iridium center and bpyO ligand plays an important role in the catalytic activity, and that the hydrogen release process from the iridium center is the rate‐determining step. More details are discussed in the article by Lei et al. on page 883–886.
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Evaluating the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug(s) for relief of pain associated with temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Kulkarni Sachin , Thambar Samuel , Arora Himanshu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to compile the latest evidence to assess the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug(s) (NSAID) in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in relieving pain. TMDs are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint and/or masticatory muscles.MethodsAfter a literature review, a comprehensive search was conducted via Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases with a systematic search strategy. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials in humans, published in the last 50 years evaluating the effect of NSAIDs on TMDs. Although this duration chosen would potentially identify studies that have utilised outdated treatments, research methodology, and TMDs diagnostic criteria, and this has been considered before making clinical recommendation, it was used to advise future methodological changes necessary. The included studies were subjected to full‐text review.ResultsOut of 646 studies initially identified through searches, 12 were selected for full‐text review of which 11 were included in the data synthesis. All 11 studies were randomised controlled trials. In total, 424 patients were included in this review. The earliest study included was 1996. Diagnostic criteria varied among all studies, and some did not specify enough signs and symptoms to construct a diagnosis. Intervention varied among all studies, as did the control. Nonspecific diagnosis, variable control groups, and heterogenous intervention protocols affected the outcome of this review. Despite the reduction of pain in the joint and/or masticatory muscles as well as improved range of motion, conclusive clinical recommendation could not be made.ConclusionHeterogeneity did not allow for definitive conclusion; however, there was some evidence to support the use of NSAIDs in patients with TMDs for relief of pain. Further studies with strict, consistent diagnostic criteria and treatment are required.
Quinalizarin induces cycle arrest and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species‐mediated signaling pathways in human melanoma A375 cells
Authors: Luo Ying‐Hua , Li Jin‐Qian , Zhang Yi , Wang Jia‐Ru , Xu Wan‐Ting , Zhang Yu , Feng Yu‐Chao , Li Shi‐Ze , Jin Cheng‐Hao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuinalizarin, a bioactive and highly selective compound, is known to promote apoptosis in colon and lung cancer cells. However, studies evaluating quinalizarin‐induced apoptosis in melanoma cells have not been conducted. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of antimelanoma activity of quinalizarin in human melanoma A375 cells. The MTT assay and Trypan blue staining were used to evaluate the cell viability. The flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot was used to detect the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis‐related proteins, MAPK, and STAT3. The results revealed a significant dose and time dependent effect of quinalizarin on inhibiting proliferation in three kinds of human melanoma cells, and had no significant toxic effects on normal cells. Moreover, quinalizarin triggered G2/M phase cell arrest by modulating the protein expression levels of CDK 1/2, cyclin A, cyclin B, p21 and p27, and induced apoptosis by down‐regulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and upregulating the proapoptotic protein BAD, leading to the activation of caspase‐3 and PARP in the caspase cascade in A375 cells. Quinalizarin treatment led to apoptosis of A375 cells via activation of MAPK and inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, quinalizarin increased the level of ROS, but ROS scavenger NAC inhibited quinalizarin‐induced apoptosis by regulating MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways. In summary, quinalizarin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ROS‐mediated MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways in human melanoma A375 cells, and quinalizarin may be used as a novel and effective antimelanoma therapeutic.
High‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidics for directed evolution of enzymes
Authors: Chiu Flora W. Y. , Stavrakis Stavros 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNatural enzymes have evolved over millions of years to allow for their effective operation within specific environments. However, it is significant to note that despite their wide structural and chemical diversity, relatively few natural enzymes have been successfully applied to industrial processes. To address this limitation, directed evolution (DE) (a method that mimics the process of natural selection to evolve proteins toward a user‐defined goal) coupled with droplet‐based microfluidics allows the detailed analysis of millions of enzyme variants on ultra‐short timescales, and thus the design of novel enzymes with bespoke properties. In this review, we aim at presenting the development of DE over the last years and highlighting the most important advancements in droplet‐based microfluidics, made in this context towards the high‐throughput demands of enzyme optimization. Specifically, an overview of the range of microfluidic unit operations available for the construction of DE platforms is provided, focusing on their suitability and benefits for cell‐based assays, as in the case of directed evolution experimentations.
MSH2 c.1022T>C, p.Leu341Pro is a founder pathogenic variation and a major cause of Lynch syndrome in the North of France
Authors: Vermaut Catherine , Leclerc Julie , Vasseur Francis , Wacrenier Agnes , Lovecchio Tonio , Boidin Denis , Rebergue Marie‐Helene , Cattan Stephane , Manouvrier Sylvie , Lejeune Sophie , Buisine Marie‐Pierre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterpretation of missense variants remains a major challenge for genetic diagnosis, even in well‐known genes such as the DNA‐mismatch repair (MMR) genes involved in Lynch syndrome. We report the characterization of a variant in MSH2: c.1022T>C, which was identified in 20 apparently unrelated families living in the North of France. A total of 150 patients from 20 families were included in this study. Family segregation studies, tumor analyses and functional analyses at both the RNA and protein levels were performed. Founder effect was evaluated by haplotype analysis.We show that MSH2 c.1022T>C is a missense variant (p.Leu341Pro) that affects protein stability. This variant is frequent in the North of France (7.7% of pathogenic variations identified in MMR genes), and is located on an ancestral haplotype. It is associated with a high risk of a broad tumor spectrum including brain and cutaneous cancers. The MSH2 c.1022T>C variant is a pathogenic founder variation associated with a high risk of cancer. These findings have important implications for genetic counseling and management of variant carriers.
Numerical study of effective parameters on the drying process in a vertical porous channel
Authors: Gholami Hassan , Kouhikamali Ramin , Sharifi Navid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComprehensive understanding of evaporation in porous channels is important for the design of modern heat exchangers and thermal systems such as heat pipes. This paper presents a numerical study of evaporation in a vertical porous channel. The volume of the fluid method was applied to capture the interface between phases. The multi‐dimensional limiter for explicit solution method, in which there are additional constraints based on the flux‐corrected transfer method, was used to solve the interface transfer equation. Pressure drop, Nusselt number, and the drying rate were considered as performance parameters. Comparing simulation results with experimental data showed that this new solver can precisely solve the thermal phase change in a porous medium. The influence of parameters effective on the drying process, such as porosity, permeability, the dynamic contact angle was investigated. Based on the results of the pressure profile in the final state, four different regions are visible. Because of the close fit of the wall temperature to the average cross‐sectional temperature, the Nusselt number increases sharply at transition points from the liquid to the vapor phase. By increasing the dynamic contact angle, the average drying rate in the channel is reduced.
Regioselective Arylboration of 1,3‐Butadiene
Authors: Bergmann Allison M. , Sardini Stephen R. , Smith Kevin B. , Brown M. Kevin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA method for the regioselective 1,2‐arylboration of 1,3‐butadiene, a feedstock chemical, is reported. The reactions result in the formation of products that can be easily elaborated to other structures. The mechanistic details of this process are also discussed.
Tackling Remote sp3 C−H Functionalization via Ni‐Catalyzed “chain‐walking” Reactions
Authors: Janssen‐Müller Daniel , Sahoo Basudev , Sun Shang‐Zheng , Martin Ruben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNickel catalysts have recently played an important role for rapidly and reliably converting feedstock chemicals into valuable compounds of interest for both pharmaceutical and academic laboratories. Herein, we summarize the recent advances on the ability of nickel catalysts to trigger olefin isomerization via “chain‐walking”, causing a displacement of the nickel catalyst throughout the alkyl chain while opening up new grounds for forging C−C and C‐heteroatom linkages at remote, yet unfunctionalized, sp3 C−H bonds.
Product Line Engineering Comes to the Industrial Mainstream
Authors: Clements Paul C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTProduct line engineering (PLE) is a systems engineering discipline to engineer a portfolio of related products in an efficient manner, taking full and ongoing advantage of the products’ similarities while respecting and managing their differences. Managing a portfolio as a variable single entity, as opposed to multiple separate products, brings enormous efficiencies in production and maintenance. This paper shows that PLE has now matured into a repeatable, industrial‐strength engineering discipline. We define and explore the concepts central to modern product line engineering and illustrate how it applies in two of the most challenging systems engineering domains: aerospace and defense, and automotive.
An Enterprise Feature Ontology for Feature‐Based Product Line Engineering
Authors: Krueger Charles , Clements Paul 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFeature‐based software and systems product line engineering (feature‐based PLE) has emerged as a modern, repeatable, codified, and proven‐in‐practice specialization of generic product line engineering (PLE) practice. Feature‐based PLE involves an automation‐supported configuration of engineering and operations artifacts from across an enterprise to reflect the feature choices a product embodies. Configuration of artifacts based on feature choices is a powerful narrative, but what actually constitutes a feature? A feature is a distinguishing characteristic that sets products apart (Kang et al. 1990), but in practice this concept encompasses a broad spectrum of granularity. Stakeholders who are concerned with the finest‐grained differences are very different from those who care about the coarsest‐grained differences. This paper presents an ontology for features that is capable of supporting an entire enterprise of product line engineering and business operations, and shows how various stakeholders throughout the enterprise can interact with these different kinds of features.
Interval censored regression with fixed effects
Authors: Abrevaya Jason , Muris Chris 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper considers identification and estimation of a fixed‐effects model with an interval‐censored dependent variable. In each time period, the researcher observes the interval (with known endpoints) in which the dependent variable lies but not the value of the dependent variable itself. Two versions of the model are considered: a parametric model with logistic errors and a semiparametric model with errors having an unspecified distribution. In both cases, the error disturbances can be heteroskedastic over cross‐sectional units as long as they are stationary within a cross‐sectional unit; the semiparametric model also allows for serial correlation of the error disturbances. A conditional‐logit‐type composite likelihood estimator is proposed for the logistic fixed‐effects model, and a composite maximum‐score‐type estimator is proposed for the semiparametric model. In general, the scale of the coefficient parameters is identified by these estimators, meaning that the causal effects of interest are estimated directly in cases where the latent dependent variable is of primary interest (e.g., pure data‐coding situations). Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application to birthweight outcomes illustrate the performance of the parametric estimator.