bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribuições do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Balsas na formação inicial docente
Authors: Mendes Geane Martins , Bezerra Leonardo Mendes 
Published: March 2019

No Brasil a formação inicial de professores emergiu após a independência do país, período em que se cogitou a organização da instrução popular. A partir disso, iniciou-se à criação das escolas Normais, com o escopo de formar e capacitar os professores. No Estado do Maranhão, a Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA) potencializou a formação docente, com a oferta dos cursos de licenciatura, mostrando assim sua vocação na graduação de professores. Diante disso, o objetivo central do artigo registrou as contribuições que o Centro de Estudos Superiores de Balsas (CESBA) campus da UEMA proporcionou com a formação, capacitação e qualificação inicial de professores, para a sociedade Sul-maranhense. Para a realização do estudo, foi preciso pautar-se na pesquisa bibliográfica; documental, nos Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos e na pesquisa de campo, com a aplicação de questionários aos egressos das licenciaturas. A aplicação dos questionários ao público investigado buscou descobrir as opiniões em relação aos aspectos da formação profissional no referido Centro. Como resultado, estabeleceram-se três categorias de análise: 1. Filosofia educativa do CESBA para a formação de professores, 2. Os objetivos, as competências e as habilidades na formação docente, 3. Percepções a respeito da formação inicial dos professores. Por fim, esses estudos nos proporcionaram entender parte da história da formação da formação inicial de professores, perceber fatores que foram preservados, o que mudou, e principalmente, o que precisa de melhorias.
PENGARUH INFRA RED, TENS DAN LOW BACK CORE STABILIZATION EXERCISE PADA KONDISI MYALGIA
Authors: Amin Akhmad Alfajri , Abidin Zainal , Widianingrum Ulfa 
Published: March 2019

Latar Belakang : Nyeri punggung bawah non spesifik telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi dari nyeri pinggang dilaporkan sebesar 84%, dan prevalensi nyeri punggung kronis sekitar 23%, dengan 11-12% dari populasi yang dinonaktifkan oleh nyeri pinggang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Bendan kota Pekalongan pada bulan November 2017 dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 8 orang partisipan dengan metode pretest-posttest dengan quasi eksperimen. Tindakan fisioterapi yang diberikan pada kasus ini adalah dengan infra red, TENS dan low back core stabilization exercise.
Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Infra red, Transcutaneous Electical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), dan Low Back Core Stabilization Exercise, pada kondisi Myalgia.
Hasil : Setelah dilakukan terapi didapatkan hasil penurunan nyeri ditunjukkan dengan nilai VAS nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,001 yang berada di bawah batas kritis 0,05, selain itu terjadi peningkatan kekuatan otot Ekstensor Trunk. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,03 yang berada pada < 0,05 tetapi tidak terjadi peningkatan kekuatan otot Fleksor Trunk yang signifikan ditunjukkan dengan nilai MMT gerakan Fleksi trunk nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,15 yang berada pada >0,05.
Kesimpulan : Infra red, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), dan Low Back Core Stabilization Exercise dapat menurunkan nyeri dan meningkatkan kekuatan otot ekstensor trunk tetapi tidak efektif dalam peningkatan kekuatan otot fleksor trunk.
As concepções de liderança do gestor escolar das escolas públicas da rede estadual em Pernambuco
Authors: Da Silva Valter Ramos , Ribeiro Rodrigues Luiz Alberto 
Published: March 2019

Recebido: 24/04/2018 Aprovado: 02/06/2018Publicado: 10/06/2018O presente artigo exibe o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em escolas públicas da rede estadual de Pernambuco, aplicando o princípio da pesquisa participante utilizando os processos de questionário para entrevista semiestruturada, com o objetivo de caracterizar a concepção de liderança empregada pelo gestor escolar na escola pública. Buscou-se analisar a relação existente entre as concepções de gerenciamento e os estilos de liderança adotados pela gestão escolar e problematizar as práticas existentes, frente aos referenciais da ciência da educação. Também foram analisadas distintas perspectivas vinculadas ao gestor escolar, são elas: as características de uma gestão escolar; as concepções de liderança; os estilos de liderança; e as qualidades impetradas a função de dirigente escolar. Palavras chave: Concepções de Gerenciamento, estilo de liderança, gestão escolar.
A memória social em disputa: os discursos empresariais jornalísticos em tempos de contrarreformas
Authors: Dantas Jéferson Silveira , Santos Jeana Laura Da Cunha 
Published: March 2019

Recebido: 20/03/2018 Aprovado: 15/05/2018Publicado: 10/06/2018O objeto deste artigo envolve, sobretudo, os recentes acontecimentos históricos no país a partir de um golpe de Estado, apoiado e orquestrado por grupos empresariais jornalísticos, significativa parcela do Congresso Nacional e o Poder Judiciário. Há indícios ou evidências de manipulação, seletividade e distorção das notícias por parte dos grupos empresariais jornalísticos diante dos atuais acontecimentos políticos, econômicos e sociais no Brasil, configurando-se em veículos estrategicamente especializados em disputar a memória social e desqualificar/criminalizar, sistematicamente, os movimentos populares. Assim, alicerçados em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, intencionamos, por meio da perspectiva da História do Tempo empreender uma análise teórica que aponte os riscos do falseamento da realidade histórica e os seus efeitos para o processo formativo das gerações subsequentes. Palavras-Chave: Memória social, História do tempo presente, grupos empresariais jornalísticos.
“Uma Copacabana Perdida nos Confins suburbanos”: a ideia de balnearização do bairro de Ramos/RJ (anos 1920-1940)
Authors: Chrysostomo Maria Isabel de Jesus 
Published: March 2019

Discutimos nesse artigo as modalidades do projeto de interiorização, na metrópole do Rio de Janeiro, de um hábito que se tornou uma marca carioca: o de se banhar, de expor os corpos na praia e de praticar esportes marítimos. Para compreender como os subúrbios cariocas absorveram e adaptaram esse modelo, apresentaremos o caso do bairro de Ramos que, entre os anos 1920 e 1940, implantou um loteamento com uma espécie de “avenida Beira Mar”. “Perdida nos confins suburbanos”, a pitoresca praia de Ramos, vendida como principal atributo desse loteamento, passa a ser considerada possibilidade de lazer e espaço de moradia.
Agricultures urbaines à São Paulo: histoire et typologie
Authors: Caldas Eduardo de Lima , Jayo Martin 
Published: March 2019

Cet article vise à contribuer aux connaissances disponibles sur les politiques et les pratiques actuelles de l’agriculture urbaine dans la ville de São Paulo. Dans ce but, nous retraçons l’histoire de l’agriculture à São Paulo depuis les années 1980 et analysons les pratiques agricoles actuelles qui en résultent. L’étude révèle que les initiatives et les politiques du secteur ont historiquement oscillé entre deux formes distinctes d’agriculture urbaine : d'une part, ce que nous appelons l’agriculture urbaine « d’échelle » et d'autre part une agriculture urbaine « de visibilité ». Ces deux formes, chacune résultant d'une articulation différente des acteurs et attribuant différentes significations aux pratiques agricoles urbaines, coexistent aujourd’hui dans la ville, bien qu’elles soient pratiquées dans des zones différentes : l’agriculture urbaine « d’échelle » est généralement située dans des zones périphériques, autant que l’agriculture urbaine « de visibilité » se concentre dans des régions plus centrales.
Euphemism and Hegemony: Discursive Power of Communication across Cultures
Authors: Sharma Pradeep K , Albarakati Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

The socio-political manipulation of euphemisms across cultures as alternate metaphors with ideological force has been analyzed in the present paper. The study was inspired by George Orwell's treatment of euphemisms as ideological tools for hedging, Lakoff and Johnson's idea of metaphors as elements structuring human thought and Roman Jakobson's model to study metaphor and metonymy as instances of romantic and realistic tendencies respectively in the user, and ordering of human behavior accordingly. A close analysis of the employment of euphemisms in differing social set-ups suggests that some euphemisms reveal a hegemonic impulse behind their usage, while a different category of euphemisms behave as counter-balancing force against this hegemonic impulse exerting dominance in a community. To comprehend the significance of this distinction better, the researchers suggest that in the existing categorization of euphemisms, two new categories – hegemonic euphemisms and resistance euphemisms – may be added. Further investigation into the cultural function of euphemisms reveals that euphemisms function as signs of signs, therefore, meaningless words. The study concludes that such a usage of euphemisms is problematic since euphemistic expressions are capable of reducing (unwanted or undesirable) meaning as redundant, superfluous, and ineffectual to rouse human conscience. Keywords: euphemisms; cultural hegemony; cultural capital; symbolic power
Photolysis of Staphyloxanthin in Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Potentiates Killing by Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Dong Pu‐Ting , Mohammad Haroon , Hui Jie , Leanse Leon G. , Li Junjie , Liang Lijia , Dai Tianhong , Seleem Mohamed N. , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConfronted with the severe situation that the pace of resistance acquisition is faster than the clinical introduction of new antibiotics, health organizations are calling for effective approaches to combat methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Here, an approach to treat MRSA through photolysis of staphyloxanthin, an antioxidant residing in the microdomain of S. aureus membrane, is reported. This photochemistry process is uncovered through transient absorption imaging and quantitated by absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Photolysis of staphyloxanthin transiently elevates the membrane permeability and renders MRSA highly susceptible to hydrogen peroxide attack. Consequently, staphyloxanthin photolysis by low‐level 460 nm light eradicates MRSA synergistically with hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species. The effectiveness of this synergistic therapy is well validated in MRSA planktonic culture, MRSA‐infected macrophage cells, stationary‐phase MRSA, persisters, S. aureus biofilms, and two mice wound infection models. Collectively, the work demonstrates that staphyloxanthin photolysis is a new therapeutic platform to treat MRSA infections.
Nrf2 in cancers: A double‐edged sword
Authors: Wu Shijia , Lu Hong , Bai Yongheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is an important signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of oxidative damage induced by exogenous chemicals. It maintains the redox homeostasis, exerts anti‐inflammation and anticancer activity by regulating its multiple downstream cytoprotective genes, thereby plays a vital role in cell survival. Interestingly, in recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2 has a contradictory role in cancers. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 is associated with poor prognosis. The constitutive activation of Nrf2 in various cancers induces pro‐survival genes and promotes cancer cell proliferation by metabolic reprogramming, repression of cancer cell apoptosis, and enhancement of self‐renewal capacity of cancer stem cells. More importantly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the chemoresistance and radioresistance of cancer cells as well as inflammation‐induced carcinogenesis. A number of Nrf2 inhibitors discovered for cancer treatment were reviewed in this report. These provide a new strategy that targeting Nrf2 could be a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. This review aims to summarize the dual effects of Nrf2 in cancer, revealing its function both in cancer prevention and inhibition, to further discover novel anticancer treatment.
Variability in the Analgesic Response to Ibuprofen Is Associated With Cyclooxygenase Activation in Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Theken Katherine N. , Hersh Elliot V. , Lahens Nicholas F. , Lee Hyo Min , Li Xuanwen , Granquist Eric J. , Giannakopoulos Helen E. , Levin Lawrence M. , Secreto Stacey A. , Grant Gregory R. , Detre John A. , FitzGerald Garret A. , Grosser Tilo , Farrar John T. 
Published: March 2019

The mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not well understood. Therefore, we performed pain phenotyping, functional neuroimaging, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessments, inflammation biomarkers, and gene expression profiling in healthy subjects who underwent surgical extraction of bony impacted third molars and were treated with ibuprofen (400 mg; N = 19) or placebo (N = 10). Analgesic efficacy was not associated with demographic or clinical characteristics, ibuprofen pharmacokinetics, or the degree of cyclooxygenase inhibition by ibuprofen. Compared with partial responders to ibuprofen (N = 9, required rescue medication within the dosing interval), complete responders (N = 10, no rescue medication) exhibited greater induction of urinary prostaglandin metabolites and serum tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 8. Differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were enriched for inflammation‐related pathways. These findings suggest that a less pronounced activation of the inflammatory prostanoid system is associated with insufficient pain relief on ibuprofen alone and the need for additional therapeutic intervention.
An approach to incorporating inferred connectivity of adult movement into marine protected area design with limited data
Authors: Friesen Sarah K. , Martone Rebecca , Rubidge Emily , Baggio Jacopo A. , Ban Natalie C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that can support the resilience of marine ecosystems. Many countries, including Canada, have committed to protecting at least 10% of their marine areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11, which includes connectivity as a key aspect. Connectivity, the movement of individuals among habitats, can enhance population stability and resilience within and among MPAs. However, little is known about regional spatial patterns of marine ecological connectivity, particularly adult movement. We developed a method to assess and design MPA networks that maximize inferred connectivity within habitat types for adult movement when ecological data are limited. We used the Northern Shelf Bioregion in British Columbia, Canada, to explore two different approaches: (1) evaluating sites important for inferred regional connectivity (termed hotspots) and (2) assessing MPA network configurations based on their overlap with connectivity hotspots and interconnectedness between MPAs. To assess inferred connectivity via adult movement, we used two different threshold distances (15 and 50 km) to capture moderate home ranges, which are most appropriate to consider in MPA design. We applied graph theory to assess inferred connectivity within 16 habitat and depth categories (proxies for distinct ecological communities), and used novel multiplex network methodologies to perform an aggregated assessment of inferred connectivity. We evaluated inferred regional connectivity hotspots based on betweenness and eigenvector centrality metrics, finding that the existing MPA network overlapped a moderate proportion of these regional hotspots and identified key areas to be considered as candidate MPAs. Network density among existing MPAs was low within the individual habitat networks, as well as the multiplex. This work informs an ongoing MPA planning process, and approaches for incorporating connectivity into MPA design when data are limited, with lessons for other contexts.
Temporal stability assessment in shear wave elasticity images validated by deep learning neural network for chronic liver disease fibrosis stage assessment
Authors: Gatos Ilias , Tsantis Stavros , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Karnabatidis Dimitris , Theotokas Ioannis , Zoumpoulis Pavlos , Loupas Thanasis , Hazle John D. , Kagadis George C. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo automatically detect and isolate areas of low and high stiffness temporal stability in shear wave elastography (SWE) image sequences and define their impact in chronic liver disease (CLD) diagnosis improvement by means of clinical examination study and deep learning algorithm employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs).Materials and MethodsTwo hundred SWE image sequences from 88 healthy individuals (F0 fibrosis stage) and 112 CLD patients (46 with mild fibrosis (F1), 16 with significant fibrosis (F2), 22 with severe fibrosis (F3), and 28 with cirrhosis (F4)) were analyzed to detect temporal stiffness stability between frames. An inverse Red, Green, Blue (RGB) colormap‐to‐stiffness process was performed for each image sequence, followed by a wavelet transform and fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm. This resulted in a binary mask depicting areas of high and low stiffness temporal stability. The mask was then applied to the first image of the SWE sequence, and the derived, masked SWE image was used to estimate its impact in standard clinical examination and CNN classification. Regarding the impact of the masked SWE image in clinical examination, one measurement by two radiologists was performed in each SWE image and two in the corresponding masked image measuring areas with high and low stiffness temporal stability. Then, stiffness stability parameters, interobserver variability evaluation and diagnostic performance by means of ROC analysis were assessed. The masked and unmasked sets of SWE images were fed into a CNN scheme for comparison.ResultsThe clinical impact evaluation study showed that the masked SWE images decreased the interobserver variability of the radiologists’ measurements in the high stiffness temporal stability areas (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92) compared to the corresponding unmasked ones (ICC = 0.76). In terms of diagnostic accuracy, measurements in the high‐stability areas of the masked SWE images (area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) ranging from 0.800 to 0.851) performed similarly to those in the unmasked SWE images (AUC ranging from 0.805 to 0.893). Regarding the measurements in the low stiffness temporal stability areas of the masked SWE images, results for interobserver variability (ICC = 0.63) and diagnostic accuracy (AUC ranging from 0.622 to 0.791) were poor. Regarding the CNN classification, the masked SWE images showed improved accuracy (ranging from 82.5% to 95.5%) compared to the unmasked ones (ranging from 79.5% to 93.2%) for various CLD stage combinations.ConclusionOur detection algorithm excludes unreliable areas in SWE images, reduces interobserver variability, and augments CNN's accuracy scores for many combinations of fibrosis stages.
Characterization of Choked Conditions Under Subsonic to Supersonic Flow in Single‐Phase (Supercritical to Gaseous CO2 or Liquid H2O) and Multiphase (CO2 and H2O) Transport
Authors: Park Jong Gil , Han Weon Shik , Han Gidon , Piao Jize , Park Eungyu , Kwon Sanghoon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn geologic media, fluids exist in gas, liquid, and supercritical phases, generating multiphase and multicomponent systems. As fluids migrating through geologic fractures reach the speed of sound, choked flow can be developed in microfractures. To elucidate such choked flow, thermodynamic analysis and numerical simulations were conducted with CO2, H2O, and CO2‐H2O mixtures at various phases ranging from supercritical to gaseous CO2 and liquid H2O. Compressible CO2, with a relatively low speed of sound (~225 m/s at 31.1 °C and 7.38 MPa), demonstrated significant changes in thermodynamic properties with small pressure and temperature variations. In contrast, H2O, having a relatively high speed of sound (1,524 m/s), showed little thermodynamic variation. For CO2‐H2O mixtures, a small addition of CO2 (or H2O) dramatically reduced the speed of sound relative to those for pure H2O or CO2. For an idealized converging‐diverging microfracture with CO2 flow, choked flow and a shock wave were generated as outlet pressure was decreased to less than 6.8 MPa. The H2O flow did not generate choked flow at any outlet pressures. For CO2‐H2O mixtures, choked flow was generated when the CO2 void fraction was greater than 0.7 with an outlet pressure of 6.5 MPa, indicating that presence of H2O inhibited occurrence of choked flow. Choked flow and shock waves can occur in various geologic environments including geologic CO2 sequestration, geothermal energy development, geysers, and volcano eruptions.
Gender-specific associations of malocclusion traits with oral health-related quality of life in a Finnish adult population
Authors: Silvola Anna-Sofia , Närhi Linnea , Tolvanen Mimmi , Pirttiniemi Pertti 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Aim
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender-specific associations of different malocclusion traits with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Finnish adults.

Material and methods
The study material comprised 1885 subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. A clinical oral examination including registration of occlusion was carried out in connection with a 46-year follow-up examination. The 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure OHRQoL. Subgroups with increased/decreased overjet, deep bite, open bite, lateral crossbite, and scissor bite were selected for further analysis. Subjects with normal occlusion were selected to form the normal occlusion group. Differences between subgroups and the normal occlusion group were evaluated for both genders separately. Education, number of teeth, caries, and orthodontic treatment history were chosen as confounding variables. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of independent variables on OHRQoL.

Results
After adjustments, decreased overjet, open bite, and scissor bite were associated with higher OHIP severity in women (P &lt; 0.01). In men, deep bite was associated with higher OHIP severity (P = 0.007). Different malocclusion traits had associations with some OHIP dimension either in men or women. Orthodontic treatment history had a positive effect on OHRQoL in both genders.

Conclusion
The associations of malocclusion traits with OHRQoL differed between genders, with women reporting more impacts. Deviations from normal occlusion were generally found to have a negative impact on OHRQoL, but most of the adults with malocclusion seem to adapt to their condition.