bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and prognostic factors for endometrial carcinoma after diagnosis of breast or Lynch‐associated cancers—A population‐based analysis
Authors: Johnatty Sharon E. , Stewart Colin J. R. , Smith Deborah , Buchanan Daniel , Leung Yee , Oehler Martin K. , Brand Alison , Webb Penelope M. , Spurdle Amanda B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe hypothesized that endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients with a prior cancer diagnosis, after accounting for EC arising after tamoxifen‐treated prior breast carcinoma, are more likely to have an underlying genetic basis. We used information from a population‐based study to compare measured risk factors, tumor characteristics, survival, and known mismatch repair (MMR) pathogenic variant status for EC subgroups according to prior diagnosis of cancer (none, breast cancer tamoxifen‐treated or not, Lynch Syndrome (LS)‐associated cancer). Family history of any cancer was increased for EC cases with prior breast cancer, both tamoxifen treated (P = 0.005) and untreated (P = 0.01). EC cases with prior LS‐associated cancer more often reported family history of LS‐associated cancer (P = 0.04) and breast cancer (P = 0.05). EC patients with a germline pathogenic MMR gene variant were more likely to report a prior cancer than cases with a MMR proficient tumor (P = 0.0001), but more than half (54.5%) of MMR carriers reported no prior cancer. Women developing EC after tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer were significantly more likely to develop EC of malignant mixed mullerian tumor subtype (13.2% vs 2.6%, P = 1.3 × 10−6), present with stage IV disease (8.8% vs 1.2%, P = 1.6 × 10−6), and have poorer survival (HRadj 1.96; P = 0.001). While report of prior cancer is an indicator of MMR pathogenic variant status, molecular analysis of all ECs at diagnosis is warranted to detect all patients with LS. Results also indicate the importance of longer‐term monitoring of women treated with tamoxifen for symptoms of EC, and the need for studies assessing the biological mechanism underlying the poorer prognosis of this subset of EC patients.
Mitochondrion‐Targeting Identification of a Fluorescent Apoptosis‐Triggering Molecule by Mass Spectrometry Elucidates Drug Tracking
Authors: Zhang Guohai , Li Liangping , Shi Zhenhao , Yang Yang , Wu Yiming , Song Huanhuan , Long Jingxian , Lu Xing , Zeng Shulan , Qin Jiangke , Sun Hongbin , Chen Zhenfeng , Liang Hong , Peng Yan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe real‐time tracking of localization and dynamics of small molecules in organelles helps to understand their function and identification of their potential targets at subcellular resolution. To identify the mitochondrion‐targeting effects of small molecules (NA‐17 and NA‐2a) in cancer cells, we used mass spectrometry to study their distribution and accumulation in mitochondria and in the surrounding cytoplasm thus enabling tracing of action processes of therapeutic compounds. Colocalization analysis with the aid of imaging agents suggests that both NA‐17 and NA‐2a display mitochondrion‐targeting effects. However, MS analysis reveals that only NA‐2a displays both a mitochondrion‐targeting effect and an accumulation effect, whereas NA‐17 only distributes in the surrounding cytoplasm. A combination of mitochondrion imaging, immunoblotting, and MS analysis in mitochondria indicated that NA‐17 neither has the ability to enter mitochondria directly nor displays any mitochondrion‐targeting effect. Further studies revealed that NA‐17 could not enter into mitochondria even when the mitochondrial permeability in cells changed after NA‐17 treatment, as was evident from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytochrome c release. In the process of cellular metabolism, NA‐17 itself is firmly restricted to the cytoplasm during the metabolic process, but its metabolites containing fluorophores could accumulate in mitochondria for cell imaging. Our studies have furnished new insights into the drug metabolism processes.
Intercalating Electron Dyes for TEM Visualization of DNA at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Kabiri Yoones , Angelin Alessandro , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Mutlu Hatice , Bauer Jens , Niemeyer Christof M. , Zandbergen Henny , Dekker Cees 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStaining compounds containing heavy elements (electron dyes) can facilitate the visualization of DNA and related biomolecules by using TEM. However, research into the synthesis and utilization of alternative electron dyes has been limited. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel DNA intercalator molecule, bis‐acridine uranyl (BAU). NMR spectroscopy and MS confirmed the validity of the synthetic strategy and gel electrophoresis verified the binding of BAU to DNA. For TEM imaging of DNA, two‐dimensional DNA origami nanostructures were used as a robust microscopy test object. By using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging, which is favored over conventional wide‐field TEM for improved contrast, and therefore, quantitative image analysis, it is found that the synthesized BAU intercalator can render DNA visible, even at the single‐molecule scale. For comparison, other staining compounds with a purported affinity towards DNA, such as dichloroplatinum, cisplatin, osmium tetroxide, and uranyl acetate, have been evaluated. The STEM contrast is discussed in terms of the DNA–dye association constants, number of dye molecules bound per base pair, and the electron‐scattering capacity of the metal‐containing ligands. These findings pave the way for the future development of electron dyes with specific DNA‐binding motifs for high‐resolution TEM imaging.
Triple Orthogonal Labeling of Glycans by Applying Photoclick Chemistry
Authors: Schart Verena F. , Hassenrück Jessica , Späte Anne‐Katrin , Dold Jeremias E. G. A. , Fahrner Raphael , Wittmann Valentin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBioorthogonal labeling of multiple biomolecules is of current interest in chemical biology. Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) has been shown to be an appropriate approach to visualizing carbohydrates. Here, we report that the nitrile imine–alkene cycloaddition (photoclick reaction) is a suitable ligation reaction in MGE. Using a mannosamine derivative with an acrylamide reporter group that is efficiently metabolized by cells and that quickly reacts in the photoclick reaction, we labeled sialic acids on the surface of living cells. Screening of several alkenes showed that a previously reported carbamate‐linked methylcyclopropene reporter that is well suited for the inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (DAinv) reaction has a surprisingly low reactivity in the photoclick reaction. Thus, for the first time, we were able to triply label glycans by a combination of DAinv, photoclick, and copper‐free click chemistry.
Surface Atomic Regulation of Core–Shell Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Li Zhijun , Hong Xun , Li Yadong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCore–shell noble metal catalysts have gained significant attention in the past few decades, as they not only reduce the use of noble metals effectively but also exhibit unique properties derived from the synergistic effect between core and shell metals. In particular, regulating the surface structure of shells to maximize the atomic utilization efficiency of noble metals is critically important. Controlling the shell thickness of noble metal catalysts at the atomic level as an efficient approach to realize this goal has been attracting growing attention; this approach involves the formation of ultrathin shells (typically 2–6 atomic layers), monolayers, or even atomically dispersed noble metals embedded in the host metal. These strategies drive the core/support metals to improve the number of active sites and the intrinsic activity of the deposited noble metals remarkably, meanwhile minimizing the usage of noble metals. Herein, recent advances regarding atomic control of the core–shell noble metal catalysts is reviewed, with focus on the surface regulation. First, synthesis methods and surface structures are summarized, and then catalytic applications of these architectures are highlighted.
How Do Substrates Bind to a Bifunctional Thiourea Catalyst? A Vibrational CD Study on Carboxylic Acid Binding
Authors: Kreienborg Nora M. , Merten Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Nora M. Kreienborg and Christian Merten from Ruhr‐University Bochum. They report a vibrational CD study on substrate binding of a thiourea catalyst during which they have encountered some interesting obstacles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201804230.
Semi‐Rigid Nitroxide Spin Label for Long‐Range EPR Distance Measurements of Lipid Bilayer Embedded β‐Peptides
Authors: Wegner Janine , Valora Gabriele , Halbmair Karin , Kehl Annemarie , Worbs Brigitte , Bennati Marina , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: November 2018

Abstractβ‐Peptides are an interesting new class of transmembrane model peptides based on their conformationally stable and well‐defined secondary structures. Herein, we present the synthesis of the paramagnetic β‐amino acid β3‐hTOPP (4‐(3,3,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐4‐oxylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐d‐β3‐homophenylglycine) that enables investigations of β‐peptides by EPR spectroscopy. This amino acid adds to the, to date, sparse number of β‐peptide spin labels. Its performance was evaluated by investigating the helical turn of a 314‐helical transmembrane model β‐peptide. Nanometer distances between two incorporated β3‐hTOPP labels in different environments were measured by using pulsed electron/electron double resonance (PELDOR/DEER) spectroscopy. Due to the semi‐rigid conformational design, the label delivers reliable distances and sharp (one‐peak) distance distributions even in the lipid bilayer. The results indicate that the investigated β‐peptide folds into a 3.2514 helix and maintains this conformation in the lipid bilayer.
Patients’ information coping styles influence the benefit of a survivorship care plan in the ROGY Care Trial: New insights for tailored delivery
Authors: de Rooij Belle H. , Ezendam Nicole P. M. , Vos M. Caroline , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A. , Boll Dorry , Kruitwagen Roy F. P. M. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIn efforts to improve the implementation of survivorship care plans (SCPs), the authors assessed whether the impact of SCPs on patient‐reported outcomes differed between patients with an information‐seeking coping style (monitoring) versus those with an information‐avoiding coping style (blunting).MethodsIn the Registration System Oncological Gynecology (ROGY) Care Trial, 12 hospitals in the Netherlands were randomized to deliver SCP care or usual care. All patients with newly diagnosed endometrial and ovarian cancer in the SCP care arm received an SCP that was generated automatically by their oncology provider through the web‐based ROGY registration system. Outcomes (satisfaction with information provision and care, illness perceptions, and health care use) were measured directly after initial treatment and after 6, 12, and 24 months. Information coping style was measured at 12 months after initial treatment.ResultsAmong patients who had a monitoring coping style (N = 123), those in the SCP care arm reported higher satisfaction with information provision (mean score: 73.9 vs 63.9, respectively; P = .04) and care (mean score: 74.5 vs 69.2, respectively; P = .03) compared with those in the usual care arm. Among patients who had a blunting coping style (N = 102), those in the SCP care arm reported a higher impact of the disease on life (mean score: 5.0 vs 4.5, respectively; P = .02) and a higher emotional impact of the disease (mean score: 5.4 vs 4.2, respectively; P = .01) compared with those in the usual care arm.ConclusionsSCPs may be beneficial for patients who desire information about their disease, whereas SCPs may be less beneficial for patients who avoid medical information, suggesting a need for tailored SCP delivery to improve survivorship care.
Leveraging patient‐reported outcomes data to inform oncology clinical decision making: Introducing the FACE‐Q Head and Neck Cancer Module
Authors: Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Klassen Anne F. , Young‐Afat Danny A. , Albornoz Claudia R. , Cano Stefan J. , Patel Snehal G. , Pusic Andrea L. , Matros Evan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundExisting patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess patients with head and neck cancer have methodologic and content deficiencies. Herein, the development of a PROM that meets a range of clinical and research needs across head and neck oncology is described.MethodsAfter development of the conceptual framework, which involved a literature review, semistructured patient interviews, and expert input, patients with head and neck cancer who were treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were recruited by their surgeon. The FACE‐Q Head and Neck Cancer Module was completed by patients in the clinic or was sent by mail. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used for item selection for final scale development and to examine reliability and validity. Scale scores for surgical defect and adjuvant therapy were compared with the cohort average to assess clinical applicability.ResultsThe sample consisted of 219 patients who completed the draft scales. Fourteen independently functioning scales were analyzed. Item fit was good for all 102 items, and all items had ordered thresholds. Scale reliability was acceptable (person separation index was >0.75 for all scales; Cronbach α values were >.87 for all scales; test‐retest ranged from 0.86 to 0.96). The scales performed well in a clinically predictable way, demonstrating functional and psychosocial differences across disease sites and with adjuvant therapy.ConclusionsThe scales forming the FACE‐Q Head and Neck Cancer Module were found to be clinically relevant and scientifically sound. This new PROM now is validated and ready for use in research and clinical care.
Design and implementation of colour texture‐based multiple object detection using morphological gradient approach
Authors: Kandavalli Michael Angelo , Abraham Lincon S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryNon‐rigid moving multiple objects detection and tracking play an important role in intelligent video surveillance system, autonomous navigation, and activity analysis. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are deployed in numerous areas such as airports, traffic intersections, underground stations, mass events, mall, schools, and organisations for security and public surveillance. Although these cameras record continuous video 24x7, it is a human constraint to manually monitor all events such as crime, terrorism, hideous, suspicious activities, the positioning of the vehicle, and fire recorded from a number of cameras. Moreover, problems like dynamic background, the creation of ghost, sensor noise, varying illumination, and colour and compression artefacts affect effective detection of multiple moving objects. This study presents an effective approach named as enhanced Fractal Texture Analysis with KNN classifier (FTAKC) for tracking and detection of multiple objects from a video sequence. The proposed approach comprises three main phases, namely, detection of moving object, tracking of the object (enhanced Fractal Texture Analysis), and behaviour analysis for activity recognition (KNN classifier). The image feature has been extracted based on colour, texture, and geometry were used to identify and track multiple objects in video frames, and Problem domain knowledge rules were applied to distinguish normal or anomalous activities as well as behaviours. Edge detection algorithm (Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold to determine possible edge connections) was applied toward enhancing the illumination variation by multi‐block Local Binary Pattern (LBP) temporal‐analysis to do the segmentation. Finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach has been estimated based on the measure of average PSNR, precision, recall, f‐measure, accuracy, and execution time. The Laboratory for Image and Media Understanding (LIMU) dataset has been utilised toward illustrating the robustness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, it evaluated the performance based on the measure of precision, recall, and F‐measure metrics. It has been tentatively demonstrated that the proposed approach is suitable for recognizing multiple moving object with detection accuracy up to 93.56%. The simulated results show that suggested approach is robust, flexible, as well as able to outperform the traditional methods than the present object detection method.
Research on the mass media effects to the learning efficiency based on social agents
Authors: Yue Guo , Girma Getachew Nathan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAs mass media continue to grow in popularity, it is our premise that technology is a vital part in today's adolescences' success equation. Based on the literature review, there many scholars discussed standpoint from socialization, the positive and negative aspects of socializing agents, adolescents, and their identity formation take significant part of the discussion. Therefore, we tried to do some survey to get the firsthand data and collected the secondhand data to find out how in‐depth impact adolescence’ life by the mass media. Also the paper studies the mass media affected by the empirical analysis, tried to understand how effects to adolescence’ first time contact mass media, and discussion on the mass media using unbalance between the urban and rural areas in developing countries.
Improved Sustainable Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Production of Symmetrical and Non‐Symmetrical Biological Wax Monoesters
Authors: Yıldırım Ayhan , Mudaber Sebghatullah , Öztürk Serkan 
Published: November 2018

Biological wax esters are important commercial products used in various industrial and medicinal fields. These valuable compounds can be synthesized via several chemical and enzymatic reactions which have some advantages and more disadvantages. In particular, many strong acid catalysts cause undesirable structural changes in unsaturated fatty acids molecules. In the present study, easily accessible 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐sulfoimidazolium chloride as an ionic liquid is screened as a mild Brønsted acid metal free catalyst for the chemical esterification, or transesterification, of equimolar amounts of long chain fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters, respectively, with fatty alcohols in a solventless medium. The various parameters affecting the yield of the wax ester are optimized, catalyst reuse studies, and large scale synthesis are also carried out. According to this alternative practical and green process, a series of wax esters (17 examples) are produced readily in good to excellent yields. There is no undesirable geometric cis‐trans isomerization in unsaturated fatty acids under the reaction conditions used. The catalyst is also quite effective when triglycerides are converted directly to the wax esters via transesterification reaction.Practical Applications: With an effortless and environmentally friendly method developed in this study, various wax esters can be synthesized as valuable industrial materials. In order to synthesis these esters, there is not any restriction for starting compounds. The most important aspect of the developed procedures is that metallic or strong aggressive acidic catalysts are not used compared to existing procedures. It is possible to carry out large‐scale syntheses of esters with high yields.In the present study, a series of industrial and medical important wax esters are synthesized from renewable sources in a solvent‐free environment using IL‐catalyzed environmentally friendly methods.
Geochemistry, Petrology, and U–Pb dating of high‐K volcanic rocks in wells WC‐1 and Y‐2 from the northern Junggar Basin, northwestern China: Implications for the closure of the Keramaili oceanic basin during the Carboniferous
Authors: Han Sijie , Sang Shuxun , Liang Jingjing , Wang Wenfeng , Zhang Guanlong , Wang Shengzhu 
Published: November 2018

Carboniferous volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the Junggar Basin and may provide a unique insight into the tectonic history of this basin. In this paper, we focus on the tectonic evolution of the northern Junggar Basin (NJB) using geochronological and geochemical data to establish the diachronous closure model for the Keramaili oceanic basin. The Lower Carboniferous strata in the eastern part (well WC‐1) and the Upper Carboniferous strata in the western part (well Y‐2) of the NJB are composed of a mix of compositional and rock‐type forms. These volcanic rocks are mostly high‐K assemblages characterized by high K (1.73–6.48%), high alkali (Na2O + K2O = 5.04–7.45%), and low TiO2 (0.57–1.06%). They also exhibit various REE concentrations (68.44–168.19 ppm), an enrichment of LREE (LaN/YbN = 4.54–8.09), and small negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.74–0.90). The depletion of HFSE and relevant tectonic setting discrimination diagrams demonstrate that these two volcanic associations were formed in a subduction‐related environment. The data also indicate that the high‐K volcanic rocks are derived from a mix of melted subducted sediments and mantle metasomatized by silica‐rich fluids. Although these two sets of volcanic rocks formed in Early and Late Carboniferous, the similar petrographic and geochemical natures suggest similar magma source and tectonic setting. Along with different regional tectonic settings in the NJB during the Carboniferous, we propose an asynchronous subduction of Keramaili oceanic basin, resulting in the inconsistent temporal and spatial distribution of Upper Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the NJB.
miR‐30a‐5p inhibition promotes interaction of Fas+endothelial cells and FasL+microglia to decrease pathological neovascularization and promote physiological angiogenesis
Authors: Murinello Salome , Usui Yoshihiko , Sakimoto Susumu , Kitano Maki , Aguilar Edith , Friedlander H. Maura , Schricker Amelia , Wittgrove Carli , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Dorrell Michael I. , Westenskow Peter D. , Friedlander Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIschemia‐induced angiogenesis contributes to various neuronal and retinal diseases, and often results in neurodegeneration and visual impairment. Current treatments involve the use of anti‐VEGF agents but are not successful in all cases. In this study we determined that miR‐30a‐5p is another important mediator of retinal angiogenesis. Using a rodent model of ischemic retinopathy, we show that inhibiting miR‐30a‐5p reduces neovascularization and promotes tissue repair, through modulation of microglial and endothelial cell cross‐talk. miR‐30a‐5p inhibition results in increased expression of the death receptor Fas and CCL2, to decrease endothelial cell survival and promote microglial migration and phagocytic function in focal regions of ischemic injury. Our data suggest that miR‐30a‐5p inhibition accelerates tissue repair by enhancing FasL–Fas crosstalk between microglia and endothelial cells, to promote endothelial cell apoptosis and removal of dead endothelial cells. Finally, we found that miR‐30a levels were increased in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Our study identifies a role for miR‐30a in the pathogenesis of neovascular retinal disease by modulating microglial and endothelial cell function, and suggests it may be a therapeutic target to treat ischemia‐mediated conditions.
Highlights in Chemical Glycobiology
Authors: Wong Chi‐Huey , Krasnova Larissa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe advances of chemical biology have provided means for a better understanding of complex biological systems at the molecular level as well as solutions to the problems associated with the complex systems. The interdisciplinary approach of chemical biology was also embraced by the research in glycoscience as illustrated in this essay with some of the relevant examples from our group.