bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable and self-sufficient farming practices: a social perspective on action research implementation in agriculture development (a case study in Pamalayan, Garut, Indonesia)
Authors: Nugraha A , Supyandi D , Heryanto M A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The introduction of new technology and innovation in agriculture development processes often unable to cope with the dynamics of field condition, which resulted in failures. This was due to the inability of development model to include the dynamic complexities of the field situation. Action research was then emerged as one of the solutions in order to reduce the gap between the ‘lab’ and ‘real world’. This study was aimed to evaluate the dissemination process of sustainable and self-sufficient farming practices that was carried by Indonesian Institute of Science through Action Research Approach in Pamalayan Village, Garut, Indonesia. This paper stresses on the social part of the dissemination process to grasp understanding of how the dynamics of knowledge transfer took place in the process. The study was a case study, applying descriptive qualitative method through the application of outcome mapping approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors (farmers, institutions, researchers), participant observation, and document analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of leader as vanguard and gate keeper was the main key of success of this program. Aside of that, the informal style of dissemination by living and doing things together was proved to be very effective in reassuring the process of development. Through those approaches, development actors could build trust, sense of belonging, and even enhance the social cohesions in situ. This study could provide better understanding for the policy/program designer, so that they will, in the future, take social dynamics into account. Furthermore, this study can also provide some bases for scaling up similar ideas in different areas.
Sustainable local rice development (a case of pandanwangi rice development in Cianjur, Indonesia)
Authors: Supyandi D , Sukayat Y , Charina A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The development of local rice in Indonesia must always be encouraged, in addition to a way to maintain the wealth of germplasm, also because its uniqueness is the source of its advantage. Although a lot of local rice varieties have not been developed, a number of unique rice varieties have their own market share and make them premium rice varieties, such as pandanwangi. In Indonesia, pandanwangi rice has been known as a superior rice having a distinctive taste and aroma, and has high economic value. Technically, pandanwangi rice cultivation is different from other rice varieties that are massively developed in Indonesia such as IR or Ciherang. Due to its characteristics, pandanwangi rice cultivation requires a higher effort and longer cultivation time than the others. This paper briefly describes the objective conditions of pandanwangi rice, particularly related to the problems in its development, describes the social relation among institutions to develop pandanwangi varieties, and describes strategic changes needed to improve pandanwangi rice performance. This paper is a mix of field visit results, through in-depth interview and FGD, and literature review relating to issues above. The result shows that in pandanwangi case, high potential has not automatically resulted in high development of the variety as well as farmer wealth. Several problems from on farm conditions to regulatory policies have brought about low growth or even stagnant development of pandanwangi. Economic aspects were not the main motivation of farmers to cultivate, compared to social aspects and the power of regulator. Hence, in order to improve pandanwangi performance to be competitive, integration among actors, institutions and learning processes is definitely necessary.
Heading towards sustainable cacao agribusiness system (a case study in North Luwu, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Nugraha A , Heryanto M A , Wulandari E , Pardian P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cacao is one of the most potential estate crops in Indonesia, which are traded worldwide. At one hand, many efforts were conducted to improve its performance in terms of production, productivity, value added, and competitiveness. On the other hand, those efforts somehow pose threats to long term sustainability, environmentally and socio-economically. This study was aimed to reveal the complexity of the pathway towards sustainable cacao development in North Luwu, South Sulawesi, by providing a generic map of causal effect between elements that has role in North Luwu’s cacao agribusiness system. The study was a qualitative study, relying on the depth of information gained through in-depth interviews with key actors, observations and document analysis. Information were then analyzed by using system thinking approach, which then illustrated in a causal loop diagram to show the dynamics in the system. The result shows that in practice, cacao agribusiness system is very complex due to the interrelatedness of technical aspects, social aspects, environmental aspects and economic aspects. The synchronization of all those aspects are very important in order to reach sustainability in cacao agribusiness system.
Readiness of youth in rural agribusiness (case of West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Setiawan I , Sumardjo  , Satria A , Tjitropranoto P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As a system, agribusiness is complex in its nature. The consequence is, whoever wants to enter the system is required to be ready. The complexity of agribusiness has made it less liked and under-valued by the youth. The implication of this is that the age structure of agribusiness agents in Indonesia became older. Paradox to that, it is identified that in West Java plateau, educated and skilled youths choose to enter into agribusiness. This research aimed to: (1) descriptively analyse the readiness of agribusiness young actors (AYA) in performing agribusiness; (2) analyse the readiness difference of AYA; (3) analyse personal, interesting and push factors that influence the readiness of AYA, and; (4) formulate readiness reinforcement strategy for AYA. This research designed integrally and conducted in West Java for 10 months (July 2014 - July 2015). Primary data was collected from structured interview with 280 respondents, then was tabulated and analysed statistically using SEM and LISREL 8.80 analysis tools. The result of the research shows that the readiness of AYA is high. The readiness of AYA is evidently different across areas. This readiness is manifestly influenced by pull factors as well as personal characteristic. In order to gain readiness earlier, those interesting factors as well as dominant personal character should become the primary contents in young agents’ extension. The recommendation is to develop a synergy with stakeholders through multiple helix extension.
Effect of annealing on specific magnetization of Fe-Cr-Nb-Cu-Si-B with the partial replacement of Fe by chromium
Authors: Iqbal M Zashed , Hossain M A , Gafur M A , Mahmud Md Sultan , Saha D K , Sikder S S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The samples Fe73.5-xCrxNb3Cu1Si13.5B9 [x = 7, 9, 10 and 12.5 are prepared in the amorphous state in the form of thin ribbons by rapid quenching technique at wheel speed of 25 m s−1 in an Ar atmosphere. The composition was sintered at the temperature 450–8000 C for half an hour. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and Curie temperature (Tc) of these alloys decrease linearly with the increase of Cr content for the entire composition range due to dilution of Fe magnetic moment and weakening of exchange interaction between of magnetic atoms. The critical composition for disappearance of ferromagnetism fall of curve Ms with the replacement Fe by Cr, where the nearest neighbor coupling is longer dominant and intermediate range occur, giving rise to a significant portion of antiferromagnetic interaction. The Curie temperature decreases due the weaker interaction among the Fe magnetic moment. The structural relaxation is associated with the magnetization up to the annealed temperature 600 °C and the chemical disorderness arise with reference to enhancement of M of annealed samples. M versus H curves sharply rise which indicates the formation of crystallization and it seems to ferromagnetic and for x = 12.5 which is paramagnetic in the amorphous condition with Tc = 246 K. This increase of M for the four samples are due to the evolution of ferromagnetic α-Fe (Si) nanograin crystal.
Incentivizing New Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Sneeringer Stacy , Clancy Matt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of alternative animal health products is one way to reduce antibiotic use in agriculture. However, little economic research is directed at animal pharma. While programs to incentivize research and development (R&D) for human drugs have been adopted, analogous programs in veterinary pharma are only at the proposal stage. We describe the broad “push” and “pull” incentive mechanisms for human pharma, and analyze the differences in employing these in veterinary pharma. Using newly compiled data on veterinary drug approvals and firm‐level R&D, we also present data on trends in drug development for veterinary pharma.
Invasive Japanese Barberry, Berberis thunbergii (Ranunculales: Berberidaceae) Is Associated With Simplified Branch-Dwelling and Leaf-Litter Arthropod Communities in a New York Forest
Authors: Clark Robert E , Seewagen Chad L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Arthropod food webs can be indirectly impacted by woody plant invasions, with cascading consequences for higher trophic levels. There are multiple bottom-up pathways by which invasive plants can alter food webs: above-ground interactions based on plant-herbivore associations and below-ground at the interface of leaf-litter and soil food webs. We compared arthropod community composition in these two food web dimensions in a New York forest that has been heavily invaded by nonnative Japanese barberry. Using two sampling protocols, we compared arthropod community composition on Japanese barberry shrubs to multiple species of native host shrubs and then compared leaf-litter arthropod assemblages between forest patches with exceptionally high Japanese barberry densities and those with relatively little to no Japanese barberry present. Fitting with trends in other woody shrub invasions, arthropod species richness was significantly lower in the leaf litter around Japanese barberry and on Japanese barberry plants themselves. Although overall arthropod abundance was also significantly lower on and in the leaf litter around Japanese barberry than on and around native shrubs, total biomass did not differ due to the taxa associated with Japanese barberry tending to be larger-bodied. We observed a dramatic reduction in predatory arthropods in response to both bottom-up pathways, particularly among ants and spiders. Our results show that Japanese barberry-invaded habitats may be experiencing trophic downgrading as result of lower numbers of generalist predators like spiders and ants, which may have rippling effects up the food web to insectivorous animals and their predators.
The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease mortality in different strata of socioeconomic position: evidence from pooled Norwegian health surveys
Authors: Kjøllesdal Marte , Degerud Eirik , Næss Øyvind 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic position (SEP) is related to both obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is little evidence on whether SEP modifies the relation between obesity and CVD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the association between obesity and CVD mortality is stronger among people with disadvantaged than among people with advantaged life course SEP.

Methods
Data from Norwegian population-based cardiovascular health surveys (1985–2003), including body mass index and CVD risk factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, current treatment for hypertension) were linked to socioeconomic indicators from register and census data (1960–90), and to the Cause of Death Registry (up until 2014). The total number of participants was 398 297.

Results
In comparison with normal weight, the age-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CVD mortality among obese participants were 2.39 (2.07–2.75) and 2.08 (1.70–2.53) among men and women with high SEP, respectively and 1.88 (1.60–2.21) and 1.75 (1.43–2.14) among men and women with low SEP. Adjustment for CVD risk factors attenuated the results in a similar manner in all SEP groups, and among both women and men.

Conclusion
Obesity was consistently associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality, with only minor variation according to SEP. This means that preventing or treating obesity is, for the purpose of reducing CVD risk, equally important for an individual with high or low SEP.
Global patterns of avian influenza A (H7): virus evolution and zoonotic threats
Authors: Naguib Mahmoud M , Verhagen Josanne H , Mostafa Ahmed , Wille Michelle , Li Ruiyun , Graaf Annika , Järhult Josef D , Ellström Patrik , Zohari Siamak , Lundkvist Åke , Olsen Björn 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to impose a negative impact on animal and human health worldwide. In particular, the emergence of highly pathogenic AIV H5 and, more recently, the emergence of low pathogenic AIV H7N9 have led to enormous socioeconomical losses in the poultry industry and resulted in fatal human infections. While H5N1 remains infamous, the number of zoonotic infections with H7N9 has far surpassed those attributed to H5. Despite the clear public health concerns posed by AIV H7, it is unclear why specifically this virus subtype became endemic in poultry and emerged in humans. In this review, we bring together data on global patterns of H7 circulation, evolution and emergence in humans. Specifically, we discuss data from the wild bird reservoir, expansion and epidemiology in poultry, significant increase in their zoonotic potential since 2013 and genesis of highly pathogenic H7. In addition, we analysed available sequence data from an evolutionary perspective, demonstrating patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions and reassortment dynamics. The integration of all aspects is crucial in the optimisation of surveillance efforts in wild birds, poultry and humans, and we emphasise the need for a One Health approach in controlling emerging viruses such as AIV H7.
Lamin A/C dysregulation contributes to cardiac pathology in a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Šoltić Darija , Shorrock Hannah K , Allardyce Hazel , Wilson Emma L , Holt Ian , Synowsky Silvia A , Shirran Sally L , Parson Simon H , Gillingwater Thomas H , Fuller Heidi R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cardiac pathology is emerging as a prominent systemic feature of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), but little is known about the underlying molecular pathways. Using quantitative proteomics analysis, we demonstrate widespread molecular defects in heart tissue from the Taiwanese mouse model of severe SMA. We identify increased levels of lamin A/C as a robust molecular phenotype in the heart of SMA mice and show that lamin A/C dysregulation is also apparent in SMA patient fibroblast cells and other tissues from SMA mice. Lamin A/C expression was regulated in vitro by knockdown of the E1 ubiquitination factor ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1, a key downstream mediator of SMN-dependent disease pathways, converging on β-catenin signaling. Increased levels of lamin A are known to increase the rigidity of nuclei, inevitably disrupting contractile activity in cardiomyocytes. The increased lamin A/C levels in the hearts of SMA mice therefore provide a likely mechanism explaining morphological and functional cardiac defects, leading to blood pooling. Therapeutic strategies directed at lamin A/C may therefore offer a new approach to target cardiac pathology in SMA.
The World Still Is Not Flat: Lessons Learned from Organismal Interactions with Environmental Heterogeneity in Terrestrial Environments
Authors: Sears Michael W , Riddell Eric A , Rusch Travis W , Angilletta Michael J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, ecologists and physiologists alike have acknowledged the importance of environmental heterogeneity. Meaningful predictions of the responses of organisms to climate will require an explicit understanding of how organismal behavior and physiology are affected by such heterogeneity. Furthermore, the responses of organisms themselves are quite heterogeneous: physiology and behavior vary over different time scales and across different life stages, and because physiological systems do not operate in isolation of one another, they need to be considered in a more integrated fashion. Here, we review case studies from our laboratories to highlight progress that has been made along these fronts and generalizations that might be made to other systems, particularly in the context of predicting responses to climate change.
Reference points for the length-based indicator Lmax5% for use in the assessment of data-limited stocks
Authors: Miethe Tanja , Reecht Yves , Dobby Helen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the absence of abundance indices from scientific surveys or commercial sources, reliable length frequency data from sampled commercial catches can be used to provide an indirect assessment of fishing mortality. Length-based indicators are simple metrics which describe length frequency distributions. The length-based indicator Lmax5%, the mean length of the largest 5% of individuals in the catch, combined with appropriately selected reference points, can be used to evaluate the presence of very large individuals in the catch and hence determine exploitation level. Using analytical per-recruit models, we derive reference points consistent with a spawning potential ratio of 40%. The reference points depend on the life history parameters for natural mortality, maturity, and growth (M, Lmat, L∞, k, CVL∞). Using available simulation tools, we investigate the sensitivity of the reference points to errors in these parameters and explore the usefulness of particular reference points for management purposes for stocks with different life histories. The proposed reference points are robust to uncertainty in length at first capture, Lc, and take into account the maturation schedule of a species. For those stocks with high M/k ratios (&gt;1), Lmax5%, combined with the appropriate reference point, can be used to provide a data-limited stock assessment.
The urgent case for expanded development assistance for health
Authors: Sachs Jeffrey D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The low-income developing countries require increased development assistance for health (DAH) to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3, ‘Healthy Lives for All’. DAH has a proven track record. DAH expanded during 2001–2008, with significant health gains in the LIDCs, but then stopped expanding in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria requires around US$31.8 billion during 2021–2023 to maintain a trajectory to end the three epidemics by 2030, yet donors have so far signaled that they are prepared to offer less than half that sum, around US$14 billion.
Effect of diabetes mellitus on TB drug concentrations in Tanzanian patients
Authors: Mtabho Charles M , Semvua Hadija H , van den Boogaard Jossy , Irongo Constantine F , Boeree Martin J , Colbers Angela , Burger David M , van Crevel Reinout , van der Ven Andre J A M , Kibiki Gibson S , Tostmann Alma , Aarnoutse Rob E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with poor TB treatment outcome. Previous studies examining the effect of DM on TB drug concentrations yielded conflicting results. No studies have been conducted to date in an African population.

Objectives
To compare exposure to TB drugs in Tanzanian TB patients with and without DM.

Patients and methods
A prospective pharmacokinetic study was performed among 20 diabetic and 20 non-diabetic Tanzanian TB patients during the intensive phase of TB treatment. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were compared using an independent-sample t-test on log-transformed data. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of DM, gender, age, weight, HIV status and acetylator status on exposure to TB drugs.

Results
A trend was shown for 25% lower total exposure (AUC0–24) to rifampicin among diabetics versus non-diabetics (29.9 versus 39.9 mg·h/L, P=0.052). The AUC0–24 and peak concentration (Cmax) of isoniazid were also lower in diabetic TB patients (5.4 versus 10.6 mg·h/L, P=0.015 and 1.6 versus 2.8 mg/L, P=0.013). Pyrazinamide AUC0–24 and Cmax values were non-significantly lower among diabetics (P=0.08 and 0.09). In multivariate analyses, DM remained an independent predictor of exposure to isoniazid and rifampicin, next to acetylator status for isoniazid.

Conclusions
There is a need for individualized dosing of isoniazid and rifampicin based on plasma concentration measurements (therapeutic drug monitoring) and for clinical trials on higher doses of these TB drugs in patients with TB and DM.
A tale of three subspecialties: Diagnosis recording patterns are internally consistent but Specialty-Dependent
Authors: Diaz-Garelli Jose-Franck , Strowd Roy , Ahmed Tamjeed , Wells Brian J , Merrill Rebecca , Laurini Javier , Pasche Boris , Topaloglu Umit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStructured diagnosis (DX) are crucial for secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data. However, they are often suboptimally recorded. Our previous work showed initial evidence of variable DX recording patterns in oncology charts even after biopsy records are available.ObjectiveWe verified this finding’s internal and external validity. We hypothesized that this recording pattern would be preserved in a larger cohort of patients for the same disease. We also hypothesized that this effect would vary across subspecialties.MethodsWe extracted DX data from EHRs of patients treated for brain, lung, and pancreatic neoplasms, identified through clinician-led chart reviews. We used statistical methods (i.e., binomial and mixed model regressions) to test our hypotheses.ResultsWe found variable recording patterns in brain neoplasm DX (i.e., larger number of distinct DX—OR = 2.2, P &lt; 0.0001, higher descriptive specificity scores—OR = 1.4, P &lt; 0.0001—and much higher entropy after the BX—OR = 3.8 P = 0.004 and OR = 8.0, P &lt; 0.0001), confirming our initial findings. We also found strikingly different patterns for lung and pancreas DX. Although both seemed to have much lower DX sequence entropy after the BX—OR = 0.198, P = 0.015 and OR = 0.099, P = 0.015, respectively compared to OR = 3.8 P = 0.004). We also found statistically significant differences between the brain dataset and both the lung (P &lt; 0.0001) and pancreas (0.009&lt;P &lt; 0.08).ConclusionOur results suggest that disease-specific DX entry patterns exist and are established differently by clinical subspecialty. These differences should be accounted for during clinical data reuse and data quality assessments but also during EHR entry system design to maximize accurate, precise and consistent data entry likelihood.