bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-neighbor hopping effects on the dynamics of breathers in 2D quantum ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices
Authors: Djoufack Zacharie Isidore , Nguenang Jean Pierre , Kenfack-Jiotsa Aurélin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We explore analytically and numerically the dual role played bythe second-neighbor hopping on the modulation instability and onthe dynamics of breathers in 2D quantum ultracold atoms loaded inoptical lattices. Via the linear stability analysis, it is shownthat the dispersion relation formed exhibits intriguing forms. Itis found that, the existence conditions of appearance of themodulational intability (MI) regions and the growth rate may besignificantly affected by the second neighbor hopping couplingstrength. To support the analytical studies, direct numericalsimulations of MI is carried out to show the generation of a trainof short waves exhibiting periodic W-shaped and V-shaped solitonswith decreasing amplitude as time evolves. The emergence ofbreathers in the regions where the MI manifests is predicted to beinfluenced by the second neighbor hopping coupling strength. Bymaking use of Rayleigh-Ritz variational method and in agreementwith the MI analysis, the analytical results reveal the existenceof the radial symmetric modes called the dynamics of breathers.The accuracy of the outcomes is checked by numerical calculationswhich show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
METTL9 mediated N1-Histidine Methylation of SLC39A7 Confers Ferroptosis Resistance and Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Jin Jiahao , Li Quanfeng , Zhang Yunhui , Ji Pengfei , Wang Xinlang , Zhang Yibin , Yuan Zihao , Jiang Jianan , Tian Guangqi , Cai Mingxi , Feng Pei , Wu Yanfeng , Wang Peng , Liu Wenjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a prevalent systemic metabolic disease, and an imbalance in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate MSC lineage allocation is urgently needed. METTL9 was recently characterized as a novel N1-histidine methyltransferase that performs a wide range of functions. however, the role of METTL9 in the imbalance of MSC differentiation in osteoporosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that METTL9 expression was downregulated in osteoporosis, and further adipogenic functional experiments revealed that METTL9 negatively regulated the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL9 mediated methylation of SLC39A7 at the His45 and His49 residues suppressed ferroptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulatory pancreatic ER kinase-like ER kinase (PERK)/ATF4 signaling pathway and the downstream protein SLC7A11. Moreover, SLC7A11 transported cystine for intracellular glutathione synthesis, eliminating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting MSC adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, METTL9 overexpression significantly alleviated bone loss in ovariectomy (OVX) model mice. In summary, our results suggest that the METTL9/SLC39A7 axis may be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
Risk factors for the persistence of unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms treated with flow diverters
Authors: Han Jiangli , Li Xiaobo , Niu Hao , Lin Long , Liu Aihua , Xia Ying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Flow diverters (FDs) have been employed in the treatment of unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (IVADAs), yielding seemingly favorable outcomes. However, a subset of patients continues to experience aneurysm persistence after FD treatment, which may predispose them to recurrent symptoms or complications. This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with the persistence of unruptured IVADAs that have undergone treatment with FDs. The study encompassed 77 unruptured IVADAs from 75 consecutive patients who received treatment with FDs. At a median follow-up of 13 months, 31.2% (24/77) of IVADAs exhibited persistence. Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant pre-procedural stenosis adjacent to aneurysmal dilatation (odds ratio [OR] 17.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–144.24, p = 0.009) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement (OR 7.06, 95% CI 1.40–35.50, p = 0.018) were independently associated with aneurysm persistence; while follow-up duration (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.97, p = 0.005) was adversely associated with aneurysm persistence. Significant pre-procedural stenosis adjacent to aneurysmal dilatation and posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement could serve as independent risk factors contributing to the persistence of unruptured IVADAs after FD treatment.
Women’s Lived Experience with Hysterectomy secondary to uterine prolapse and uterine rupture at Gedeo zone, Ethiopia. A phenomenological qualitative study
Authors: Bekele Etaferaw , Amenu Gedefa , Temesgen Tesfaye , Bekele Tesfanew , Figa Zerihun , Assefa Dawit Getachew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Uterine rupture is a life-threatening obstetric emergency requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent maternal death or severe morbidity. Hysterectomy, often performed in response to uterine rupture and uterovaginal prolapse, is the most common gynecologic surgery in such cases. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent hysterectomy secondary to uterine rupture and uterovaginal prolapse.
Methodology:
A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted among hysterectomized women at Dilla University Referral Hospital in 2020. Using purposive sampling, data were collected through structured in-depth interviews, supplemented by field notes, and audio recordings. A manual thematic analysis was employed to examine the data, and findings were presented in both text and table form.
Results
Thirteen women participated in the study, sharing their post-hysterectomy experiences due to uterine rupture and uterovaginal prolapse. Their narratives were categorized into three key themes: (1) limitations in daily activities, (2) reproductive and sexual health concerns, and (3) psychosocial burdens from societal and familial expectations. Common challenges included pain during movement, inability to lift heavy objects, anxiety about infertility, and significant psychological and social distress.
Conclusion
Women who undergo hysterectomy due to uterine rupture and prolapse face significant physical, reproductive, and emotional challenges. Comprehensive post-surgical care and support are crucial. Addressing these needs can improve their quality of life.
Coherence resonance, parameter estimation and self-regulation in a thermal sensitive neuron
Authors: Guo Qun , Zhou Ping , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhu Zhigang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this work, two capacitors connected by a thermistor are used to explore the electrical property of double-layer membrane in a neuron, which the membrane property is sensitive to changes of temperature and two capacitive variables are used to measure the potentials for inner and outer membrane. The circuit characteristic and energy definition for the neural circuit and its equivalent neuron model in oscillator form are clarified from physical aspect. Considering the shape deformation of cell membrane under external physical stimuli and energy injection, intrinsic parameters of the neuron can be controlled with adaptive growth under energy flow, an adaptive control law is proposed to regulate the firing modes accompanying with energy shift. In presence of noisy excitation, coherence resonance can be induced and confirmed by taming the noise intensity carefully. The distributions of CV (coefficient variability) and average energy value < H > vs. noise intensity provide a feasible way to predict the coherence resonance and even stochastic resonance in the neural activities. Adaptive parameter observers are designed to identify the unknown parameters in this neuron model. Our results are helpful to design thermal-sensitive artificial membrane and neural circuit by injecting thermosensitive medium between capacitor plates.
A Hybrid Ontology-Based Feature SelectionFramework for Enhancing Predictive Accuracy inRegression Models
Authors: Ayad Sarah , Mallouhy Roxane , Guyeux Christophe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Predicting firefighter interventions presents a complex challenge due to the high dimensionality and intricacy of the data. While machine learning (ML) technologies offer promising solutions, ineffective feature selection can significantly hinder model performance and reduce predictive accuracy. This study proposes a hybrid feature selection approach that combines ontology-based reasoning with traditional ML techniques to enhance the predictive accuracy of regression models for firefighter interventions. We utilized three machine learning algorithms—XGBoost, LightGBM, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks—across two feature selection strategies: one solely based on ML algorithms, and another using a hybrid approach that integrates ontology-based centrality metrics, such as degree, closeness, and betweenness, with ML techniques. A domain-specific ontology was developed to capture key environmental, temporal, and intervention-related factors, improving the feature selection process for more interpretable and contextually relevant features. The results clearly show that the hybrid feature selection approach consistently outperforms the ML-only method. For the XGBoost model, the hybrid approach resulted in an R2 of 0.976, compared to 0.97 for the ML-only method. The LSTM model also saw improvements, with the hybrid approach achieving an R2 of 0.964, compared to 0.96 for ML-only. Similarly, for the LightGBM model, the hybrid approach produced an R2 of 0.975, compared to 0.97 for ML-only. This research underscores the significant advantages of combining ontology-based feature selection with ML, leading to improved predictive accuracy and better model interpretability, particularly in high-dimensional data environments.
SELF-QMM: An Self-directed Model Based-on Extended Q-Learning and Markov Model to Estimate MTTF in Multiprocessor Platform of Embedded Systems
Authors: Kavosi Daruosh , Karimi Abbas , Zarafshan Faraneh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Computers, multiprocessor platforms on a chip (MPSoC) and embedded systems have many applications in the military, security, medical, and space industries. Improving reliability and trust in these systems is very important. By improving reliability in multiprocessor and embedded systems, their efficiency and performance will increase. Multi-processor platforms in embedded systems (EMMPSoC) can perform sensitive and critical tasks by communicating with each other; But in the execution process, they may encounter errors and problems in the processing. The existence of errors and problems in the execution process, temperature and heat generation, high energy consumption, unfavorable execution time, etc. in these systems leads to a decrease in reliability and the occurrence of irreparable events. One of the most important challenges in MPSoC is improving reliability. The reliability of these systems can be increased by estimating the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF). In this research, a Self-directed Model based-on Clipping Double Q-Learning (CDQL) and extended Markov model (EMM) and meta-heuristic MUO algorithm (Self -QMM) to estimate the average failure time in EMMPSoC systems. has been raised The CDQL has been used to predict the critical time in MPSoC systems and the developed Markov model has been used to select the appropriate processor. By simulating the proposed Self-QMM model, it has been improved that the energy consumption in the Self-QMM model is 50, 27 and 14 kJ, respectively, compared with the latest proposed methods such as FIS, FNN-NSGA-II and MUO method, the temperature production rate and temperatures have improved by 45.4, 22.9 and 9.9 degrees Celsius and the execution time by 0.16 minutes (9.6 s), 0.09 minutes (5.4 s) and 0.08 minutes (4.8 s).
Early detection and correction of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing colorectal surgery – a prospective study
Authors: de Wit Anne , Bootsma Boukje T. , Huisman Daitlin E. , Kazemier Geert , Daams Freek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Preoperative anemia is an important target in preventing colorectal anastomotic leakage (CAL). However, it is not consistently detected and corrected in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early detection and correction of preoperative anemia on perioperative outcomes and CAL.
Methods
This was a prospective sub-analysis of the DoubleCheck study, an international open-labelled trial which implemented an enhanced care bundle to prevent CAL after elective colorectal surgeries. It introduced interventions for early detection and correction of preoperative anemia. Primary outcome was the incidence of preoperative anemia and the effect of early correction. Secondary outcomes included the impact on CAL, postoperative course, and mortality.
Results
The study included 899 patients across eight European hospitals (September 2021 - December 2023). Preoperative anemia was identified in 35.0% (n = 315) of participants, with 77.4% (n = 192) receiving iron therapy. Hemoglobin levels decreased in 4.2% (n = 13), remained stable in 45.8% (n = 143), and increased in 50.0% (n = 156) (p < 0.001). Perioperative hyperglycemia was more common among anemic patients (7.8% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001). CAL occurred in 6.1% (n = 53) of the patients. Anemia correction and changes in hemoglobin levels after iron treatment were not significantly associated with CAL, other complications, or mortality.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that anemia indicates overall poor physiological fitness rather than being an isolated risk factor. Early detection and correction of preoperative anemia is achievable and improves quality of care for elective colorectal surgery patients.
Trial number
NCT05250882 (20-01-2022)
Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation through DNA-Integrated Plasmonic Nanoparticles - A Novel Nonlinear Optical Approach
Authors: tootoonchi Atro , Karamdel Javad , Naderi Ebadollah , Olyaee Hassan Ghalami Bavil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study presents the development of advanced plasmonic nanoparticles specifically designed to amplify Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signals. The core of this innovative approach lies in the strategic integration of gold and silver nanoparticles with DNA, a synergy meticulously tailored to exploit DNA's exceptional nonlinear optical properties alongside the plasmonic resonances of gold and silver. Unlike traditional plasmonic materials, such as graphene, silicon, and metals themselves, our design leverages DNA not just as a structural element but as a dynamic enhancer of SHG due to its unparalleled photon absorption and interaction capabilities at the nanoscale. Through advanced DNA-based modeling and simulation, we introduce a novel nanoparticle architecture optimized to surpass current SHG efficiency benchmarks, without incorporating gas sensing functionalities. This breakthrough not only signifies a significant leap in the field of nonlinear optics but also opens new avenues for the application of biomolecular components in enhancing plasmonic phenomena.
End-to-End Semantically Aware Tactile Generation
Authors: Dastjerdi Mohammad Mahdi Heydari , Akkasi Abbas , Djani Hilaire , Mehta Aatreyi Pranavbhai , Komeili Majid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Tactile graphics are an essential tool for conveying visual information to visually impaired individuals. However, translating 2D plots, such as B´ezier curves, polygons, and bar charts, into an effective tactile format remains a challenge. This paper presents a novel, two-stage deep learning pipeline for automating this conversion process.Our method leverages a Pix2Pix architecture, employing a U-Net++ generatornetwork for robust image generation. To improve the perceptual quality of the tactilerepresentations, we incorporate an adversarial perceptual loss function alongside agradient penalty. The pipeline operates in a sequential manner: firstly, convertingthe source plot into a grayscale tactile representation, followed by a transformationinto a channel-wise equivalent.We evaluate the performance of our model on a comprehensive synthetic datasetconsisting of 20,000 source-target pairs encompassing various 2D plot types. Toquantify performance, we utilize fuzzy versions of established metrics like pixel accuracy, Dice coefficient, and Jaccard index. Additionally, a human study is conductedto assess the visual quality of the generated tactile graphics.The proposed approach demonstrates promising results, significantly streamliningthe conversion of 2D plots into tactile graphics. This paves the way for the development of fully automated systems, enhancing accessibility of visual information forvisually impaired individuals.
Enhanced Radiative Cooling by Large Aerosol Particles from Pyrocumulonimbus
Authors: Li Yaowei , Dykema John , Peterson David , Feng Xu , Shen Xiaoli , June Nicole , Fromm Michael , McHardy Theodore , Jacquot Justin , Pittman Jasna , Daube Bruce , Wofsy Steven , Dean-Day Jonathan , Rapp Anita , Bowman Kenneth , Cziczo Daniel , Mickley Loretta , Pierce Jeffrey , Keutsch Frank 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Large wildfires can generate pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) clouds that transport substantial amounts of smoke into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS), perturbing aerosol budget and properties in these regions. Despite projections of increasing pyroCb events in the future, their climate impact, particularly the radiative forcing of smoke aerosols, remains poorly constrained, primarily due to limited direct measurements. Here we present aircraft measurements of aerosols and gases within 5-day-old pyroCb smoke plumes from a New Mexico wildfire, sampled at altitudes of 14-15 km. The aerosols, primarily organic biomass burning particles, exhibited an unusually large number-mode diameter of 500-600 nm. Microphysical simulations suggest that such large aerosols can form through combinations of cloud processing and coagulation in the relatively stable UT/LS environment. These large pyroCb aerosols increase outgoing radiation (aerosol-only perturbation) by 30-36% compared to typical non-pyroCb smoke aerosols with mode diameters of 200-300 nm, causing an instantaneous enhancement in cooling of the atmospheric column. Many climate models use smaller aerosol sizes for smoke than those observed for pyroCb aerosols, potentially underestimating the radiative cooling effects of pyroCb events. With a rising prevalence of pyroCb aerosols in a warming climate, accurately representing their size and optical properties in climate models is crucial.
Spin Hall and Edelstein Effects in Novel Chiral Noncollinear Altermagnets
Authors: Vergniory Maia , Hu Mengli , Janson Oleg , Felser Claudia , McClarty Paul , Brink Jeroen van den 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Altermagnets are a newly discovered class of magnetic phases that combine the spin polarization behavior of ferromagnetic band structures with the vanishing net magnetization characteristic of antiferromagnets. Initially proposed for collinear magnets, the concept has since been extended to include certain non-collinear structures. A recent development in Landau theory for collinear altermagnets incorporates spin-space symmetries, providing a robust framework for identifying this class of materials. Here we expand on that theory to identify altermagnetic multipolar order parameters in non-collinear chiral materials. We demonstrate that the interplay between non-collinear altermagnetism and chirality allows for spatially odd multipole components, leading to non-trivial spin textures on Fermi surfaces and unexpected transport phenomena, even in the absence of SOC. This makes such chiral altermagnets fundamentally different from the well-known SOC-driven Rashba-Edelstein and spin Hall effects used for 2D spintronics. Choosing the chiral topological magnetic material Mn3IrSi as a case study, we apply toy models and first-principles calculations to predict experimental signa- tures, such as large spin-Hall and Edelstein effects, that have not been previously observed in altermagnets. These findings pave the way for a new realm of spintronics applications based on spin-transport properties of chiral altermagnets.
Cell type-specific functions of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex in neuronal diversification
Authors: Osuma Anthony , Li Yinan , Taylor Seth , Prahlad Manasa , Mathies Laura , Kratsios Paschalis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The mammalian SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers includes the BAF and PBAF complexes, mutations in which cause various neurodevelopmental conditions. Although BAF activity is required at multiple steps of nervous system development, the specific neural functions of PBAF remain largely unexplored. Through an unbiased genetic screen in C. elegans, we identify here critical roles for PBAF in postmitotic neuronal identity. In nerve cord motor neurons (MNs), PBAF represses gene expression by antagonizing the terminal selector-type transcription factor UNC-3 (EBF1-4). In contrast, PBAF activates gene expression in posteriorly located MNs. This dichotomy in PBAF function generates distinct MN identities. Genetic evidence suggests that the cell type-specific functions of PBAF in different MN groups arise via its recruitment to specific gene loci by conserved transcription factors. Altogether, our findings provide a conceptual framework to understand specific neuronal defects that arise in neurological conditions caused by mutations in broadly expressed chromatin-remodeling complexes.
Determining heavy metal in road dust and human health assessment in Aizawl, Mizoram
Authors: Mualchin Lalropeki , Lalrinpuii Hilda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study aims to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in road dust from different land uses in Aizawl, Mizoram, by implementing a methodology that includes descriptive statistics (mean, median, and standard deviation), one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Enrichment and contamination factors were also determined to identify the sources and level of pollution in the study area. The health risks for children and adults were assessed based on established guidelines. From the study, the concentrations of heavy metals ranged as follows: Cr (18.19 to 36.28 mg/kg), Pb (20.64 to 27.12 mg/kg), Cd (-1 to 0.06 mg/kg), Ni (32.32 to 47.91 mg/kg), Cu (-0.51 to 32.49 mg/kg), and Zn (30.80 to 119.84 mg/kg). The highest Ni concentration was found in the agricultural area (47.91 mg/kg), possibly due to jhum cultivation practices. When compared with the background values, the levels of Cr and Cu were lower, while Pb, Ni, and Zn exceeded the background values by 94.66%, 41.47%, and 228.54%, respectively, indicating contamination due to anthropogenic activities. A one-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the concentration of heavy metal across various land use areas. Except for Pb, the ecological risk assessment indicated a low level of risk. Cr and Pb showed a risk associated with non-carcinogenic effects on humans, especially in children, while the other elements were within safe levels. Proper management and safety measures were still needed to improve the environmental impact and the health of the individuals living in the area.