bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Age, Gene Source and Familial Severity on Factor VIII in Normals and Haemophilia Carriers: Analysis by Multiple Regression
Authors: Duncan Bruce M , Tunbridge Lynn J , Lloyd John V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThere are conflicting views on the effects of age, gene source and familial severity on levels of factor VIII in carriers of haemophilia. Different workers have found that factor VIII increases with age, is higher in paternal carriers, and is higher in carriers from families with more severe haemophilia. Other workers have disagreed with these findings. In this study we explored some of the causes of this conflict. We measured factor VIII related antigen and factor VIII coagulant activity on 40 normal females and 48 carriers, and analysed the results by multiple regression and analysis of covariance. Our results indicated that both factor VIII coagulant activity and factor VIII related antigen increased with age, but were unaffected by the familial severity of haemophilia or whether the defective gene came from the mother or the father. We found that the conflicting reports of previous authors were due to high inter-correlations of the studied variables.
Interaction of Human Tumor Cells with Human Platelets and the Coagulation System
Authors: Al-Mondhiry Hamid , McGarvey Virginia , Leitzel Kim 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper reports studies on the interaction between human platelets, the plasma coagulation system, and two human tumor cell lines grown in tissue culture: Melanoma and breast adenocarcinoma. The interaction was monitored through the use of 125I- labelled fibrinogen, which measures both thrombin activity generated by cell-plasma interaction and fibrin/fibrinogen binding to platelets and tumor cells. Each tumor cell line activates both the platelets and the coagulation system simultaneously resulting in the generation of thrombin or thrombin-like activity. The melanoma cells activate the coagulation system through “the extrinsic pathway” with a tissue factor-like effect on factor VII, but the breast tumor seems to activate factor X directly. Both tumor cell lines activate platelets to “make available” a platelet- derived procoagulant material necessary for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The tumor-derived procoagulant activity and the platelet aggregating potential of cells do not seem to be inter-related, and they are not specific to malignant cells.
Effect of Neutral Proteases from Blood Leukocytes on Human Platelets
Authors: Bykowska K , Kaczanowska J , Karpowicz M , Stachurska J , Kopeć J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTwo highly purified neutral proteases from human leukocytes i.e. elastase-like protease (ELP) and chymotrypsin-like protease (CLP) do not destroy human platelets since no difference was found in 51Cr liberation from control and enzyme-treated platelets. As with pancreatic chymotrypsin (α-CT) ELP does not induce the release of 3H-serotonin while CLP provokes 3H- serotonin secretion, in an enzyme concentration and time dependent fashion. The rate and degree of 3H-serotonin release by CLP is similar to that produced by thrombin. Incubation of platelets at 37° C for 30 min with α-CT or ELP renders them resistant to thrombin-releasing activity. Thrombin did not liberate any additional label from platelets which lost over 60% of serotonin during the preceding incubation with CLP. α-CT and ELP do not aggregate platelets either in the presence or absence of apyrase. CLP does aggregate platelets suspended in Tyrode buffer without apyrase but not in the presence of apyrase (100 mg/1). The action of α-CT, ELP and CLP on washed platelets induces a progressive prolongation of lag phase and a decrease in changes of light transmission during aggregation by thrombin. Similarly to α-CT-treated platelets, those subjected to CLP action aggregate in the presence of human fibrinogen.It is concluded that: (1) neutral proteases possibly contribute to development of defects in platelet function in pathological states associated with liberation of leukocyte content into the circulation, (2) CLP similarly to a-CT, exposes fibrinogen receptors but in contrast to α-CT, CLP aggregates platelets and stimulates serotonin secretion.
The Behaviour of Various Platelet Function Tests During Long-Term Prostacyclin Infusion in Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Sinzinger H , Horsch A K , Silberbauer K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn 20 patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with prostacyclin (5 ng/kg/min) we observed a significant activation of platelet function as measured by platelet proteins, ADP- induced aggregation platelet sensitivity and platelet count. Only the platelet survival was significantly prolonged by the treatment.
Indications of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Intraoperative MRI in Glioma Surgery: First Cases in Latin America in a Single Reference Center
Authors: Ramina Ricardo , Silva Júnior Erasmo , Constanzo Felipe , Coelho Neto Maurício 
Published: July 2018

Introduction The improvement on the extent of resection (EOR) of gliomas with the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has been demonstrated in previous studies. We present our results with the combined use of 5-ALA and (iMRI) in the surgery of glial lesions.
Methods A total of 64 cases of patients with intracranial gliomas who underwent image-guided surgery using 5-ALA with and without (iMRI) were reviewed. All patients underwent an early postoperative MRI to evaluate the EOR. Other intra-operative techniques (awake surgery, electrophysiological stimulation and monitoring) were also performed according to the location of the tumor.
Results A total of 18 tumors did not show intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence (according to the World Health Organization [WHO] classification of tumors, 2 WHO-grade I, 14 WHO-grade II, 1 WHO-grade III and 1 WHO-grade IV), and 46 tumors showed intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence (3 WHO-grade II, 3 WHO-grade III, 40 WHO-grade IV). In 28 of the 46 5-ALA positive cases, a safe 5-ALA free resection was achieved. In the 5-ALA negative cases, the (iMRI) findings guided the EOR, and complete resection was achieved in 11 cases. Complete resection was opted out in gliomas infiltrating eloquent areas.
Conclusions The combined use of 5-ALA and IMRI showed improved results in glioma surgery, offering the safest maximal EOR. In the 5-ALA positive cases (mostly high-grade), fluorescence was a more useful tool. In the 5- ALA negative cases (mostly low-grade), the (iMRI) was decisive to guide the EOR of the tumor.
Rückengesundheit beginnt im Kopf
Authors: Fleichaus Joachim 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDas vorgestellte Kurskonzept zur Förderung der Rückengesundheit setzt auf eine Kombination von Training, Patienteninformation und
verhaltenstherapeutischen Elementen. Es bietet Therapeuten die Chance, sich mit Rückenschulkursen ein zweites Standbein für die Praxis aufzubauen. Die Kurse
können auf vereinfachtem Wege durch die Zentrale Prüfstelle Prävention zertifiziert werden.
Direction of flagellum beat propagation is controlled by proximal/distal outer dynein arm asymmetry
Authors: Edwards Beatrice Freya Lucy , Wheeler Richard John , Barker Amy Rachel , Moreira-Leite Flávia Fernandes , Gull Keith , Sunter Jack Daniel 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceThe motile flagellum/cilium is found across eukaryotic life, and it performs critical functions in many organisms including humans. A fundamental requirement for a motile flagellum is that it must undergo the appropriate waveform for its specific function. Much is known about the generation of asymmetry in flagellum movement; however, it is unknown how a motile flagellum specifies where waves should start and whether waves should go from base to tip, or from tip to base. We show here in two flagellum model organisms (the human parasitesTrypanosoma bruceiandLeishmania mexicana) that differences in the outer dynein arms between the distal and proximal regions of the flagellum determine wave propagation direction and are generated and maintained by the flagellum growth machinery.
Quantum optics approach to radiation from atoms falling into a black hole
Authors: Scully Marlan O. , Fulling Stephen , Lee David M. , Page Don N. , Schleich Wolfgang P. , Svidzinsky Anatoly A. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Using a combination of quantum optics and general relativity, we show that the radiation emitted by atoms falling into a black hole looks like, but is different from, Hawking radiation. This analysis also provides insight into the Einstein principle of equivalence between acceleration and gravity.
A cross-dialectal analysis of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions
Authors: Ding Hongdi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrent analyses (Hu 2005;Gerner 2013;Liu et al. 2013) of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions are not observationally adequate because they are only based on the semantic distinction between dimensional adjectives and other adjectives. A better analysis should make a further morphological consideration by dividing the Nuosu adjectives into root-sharing prefixed adjectives, non-root-sharing prefixed adjectives and simplex adjectives.Moreover, the existing analyses are not consistent. Some unacceptable comparative sentences inHu (2005)are acceptable inGerner (2013)andLiu et al. (2013). I have found out that the inconsistency results from different rigorousness to adjectival morphosyntactic restrictions among different varieties or dialects of Nuosu.After a cross-dialectal investigation with three major dialects of Nuosu, i.e. Shynra, Yynuo and Suondi, it is concluded that Nuosu comparative constructions have a restricted form and a general form for superiority, inferiority and equality respectively. Different dialects or varieties have varying rigorousness to Nuosu adjectival morphosyntax, thus resulting in different choices of the forms for comparison. Accordingly, the available Nuosu varieties are classified into three types: varieties with more morphosyntactic rigorousness, transitional varieties and varieties with less morphosyntactic rigorousness. It is found that Shynra Nuosu is morphosyntactically less rigorous than Yynuo and Suondi Nuosu. I will also address the relationship between the two structural forms of comparative constructions. To conclude, a prediction is made on the development of Nuosu adjectival comparatives.
Finite causative complements in Middle English
Authors: Lowrey Brian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the use of causative verbs with two kinds of finite complements in Middle English (ME): a simple finite clause (V+that) and one involving both a finite clause and a separate NP (V+NP+that). I attempt to determine in which contexts these structures appear, and to what extent they are related. I suggest that V+that is probably a survivor from Old English and V+NP+that a later innovation. I also examine the factors likely to have contributed to the persistence of V+that in ME, and to the emergence of V+NP+that, such as language contact and the influence of other existing Middle English constructions which may have played a role in the spread of V+NP+that.
From Microscopes to Optogenetics: Ian Hacking Vindicated
Authors: Bickle John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractI introduce two new tools in experimental neurobiology, optogenetics and DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). These tools permit unprecedented control over activity in specific neurons in behaving animals. In addition to their inherent scientific interest, these tools make an important contribution to philosophy of science. They illustrate the very premises of Ian Hacking’s “microscope” argument for the relative independence of experiment from theory. This new example is important for generalizing Hacking’s argument because the background sciences (optics for microscopes, molecular biology for optogenetics, and DREADDs) and the fields of engineering producing these tools differ significantly.
MinIONQC: fast and simple quality control for MinION sequencing data
Authors: Lanfear R , Schalamun M , Kainer D , Wang W , Schwessinger B 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
MinIONQC provides rapid diagnostic plots and quality control data from one or more flowcells of sequencing data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION instrument. It can be used to assist with the optimisation of extraction, library preparation, and sequencing protocols, to quickly and directly compare the data from many flowcells, and to provide publication-ready figures summarising sequencing data.

Availability and implementation
MinIONQC is implemented in R and released under an MIT license. It is available for all platforms from https://github.com/roblanf/minion_qc.
Musicians at the Cocktail Party: Neural Substrates of Musical Training During Selective Listening in Multispeaker Situations
Authors: Puschmann Sebastian , Baillet Sylvain , Zatorre Robert J 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMusical training has been demonstrated to benefit speech-in-noise perception. It is however unknown whether this effect translates to selective listening in cocktail party situations, and if so what its neural basis might be. We investigated this question using magnetoencephalography-based speech envelope reconstruction and a sustained selective listening task, in which participants with varying amounts of musical training attended to 1 of 2 speech streams while detecting rare target words. Cortical frequency-following responses (FFR) and auditory working memory were additionally measured to dissociate musical training-related effects on low-level auditory processing versus higher cognitive function. Results show that the duration of musical training is associated with a reduced distracting effect of competing speech on target detection accuracy. Remarkably, more musical training was related to a robust neural tracking of both the to-be-attended and the to-be-ignored speech stream, up until late cortical processing stages. Musical training-related increases in FFR power were associated with a robust speech tracking in auditory sensory areas, whereas training-related differences in auditory working memory were linked to an increased representation of the to-be-ignored stream beyond auditory cortex. Our findings suggest that musically trained persons can use additional information about the distracting stream to limit interference by competing speech.
Characteristics of the healthcare information technology workforce in the HITECH era: underestimated in size, still growing, and adapting to advanced uses
Authors: Hersh William R , Boone Keith W , Totten Annette M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective
There is little readily available data about the size and characteristics of the healthcare information technology workforce. We sought to update a previous description of the size, growth, and characteristics of this workforce based on the Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics® Database, a resource that includes hospital size, number of beds, amount of staffing, and an eight-stage model of electronic health record adoption (Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model, EMRAM℠).

Materials and Methods
We updated an analysis done using a 2007 snapshot of the HIMSS Analytics Database with a comparable snapshot from 2014 in order to estimate the size of the current workforce and project future needs. For the 2014 data, we applied the same weighted average analysis used in 2007 to obtain a ratio of information technology (IT) hospital full-time equivalent (FTE) to staffed beds, extrapolate the results to all US hospitals, and project the workforce needs as hospitals achieve higher EMRAM stages.

Results
Our estimated size of the healthcare information technology workforce in the US in 2014 was 161 160, which was 8.0% larger than the estimate based on the 2007 data. Based on the new data, we project a potential need for an additional 19 852 and 153 114 FTE, if all hospitals were to achieve EMRAM Stages 6 and 7, respectively. The distribution of FTE across job function category varies by EMRAM stage.

Discussion and Conclusions
Although these data are limited, especially for EMRAM Stage 7, there is likely need for substantial workforce growth as hospitals increase their adoption of advanced healthcare information technology. Further research with data better focused on workforce characteristics will provide a better picture of staffing requirements.
Pitfalls in anaphylaxis
Authors: De Feo Giulia , Parente Roberta , Triggiani Massimo 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
Anaphylaxis is an acute medical emergency characterized by sudden presentation of life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms. Rapid diagnosis of anaphylaxis is crucial to implement an appropriate treatment and management plan. However, mistakes in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis may occur because of the limited time during which the diagnosis must be made, the stressful environment of the emergency room, the often aspecific or incomplete clinical features of early anaphylaxis and the lack of useful laboratory markers.

Recent findings
Several disorders may mimick anaphylaxis and cause wrong or delayed diagnosis increasing chances of fatal outcomes. In addition, certain clinical situations, like general anesthesia, may complicate detection of early signs of anaphylaxis. Drugs like beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors, antihistamines or steroids may hide or blunt initial clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.

Summary
A careful evaluation of clinical signs in all organs is mandatory to quickly establish and confirm a diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Alternative diagnosis should be considered, particularly in the case of unresponsive patients. Avoiding pitfalls in anaphylaxis diagnosis will help to establish rapidly effective treatments and would further reduce the rate of fatal events.
Increased Proportion of Fusion Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and Changes in Reoperation Rate
Authors: Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee , Choi Yunhee , Kim Min-Jung , Kim Myo Jeong , Shin Sukyoun , Yang Seung Heon , Hwang Sung Hwan , Kim Dong Hwan , Park Sung Bae , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The objectives of the present study were to examine the changes in the number of surgeries, surgical methods selected, and reoperation rates between the years 2003 and 2008.

Summary of Background Data.
The selection of the appropriate surgical method between decompression-only (D) and decompression plus fusion (DF) represents a challenging clinical dilemma in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal spondylolisthesis. DF is selected in greater than 90% of patients, mostly due to the associated low reoperation rate. However, the outcomes of D have been improved with minimally invasive decompression surgery techniques.

Methods.
The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database was used to create cohorts of all Korean patients who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal spondylolisthesis in 2003 (2003 cohort, n = 5624) and 2008 (2008 cohort, n = 11,706). All patients were followed up for at least 5 years. Reoperation was defined as the occurrence of any type of second lumbar surgery during the follow-up period. The probabilities of reoperation were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results.
The number of surgeries increased 2.08-fold in 2008. Patients older than 60 years comprised 38.6% of the 2003 cohort and 52.4% of the 2008 cohort. The proportion of DF surgery was 31.13% in the 2003 cohort but 91.54% in the 2008 cohort. However, the high proportion of fusion surgery failed to reduce the reoperation probability in the 2008 cohort (8.1%) compared with that in the 2003 cohort (6.2%). The cost of DF was US$5264 and that of D was $2719 in 2008. DF decreased the reoperation probability by 1% at the cost of $421/patient in the 2008 cohort.

Conclusion.
The increased proportion of fusion surgery without improvement in reoperation probability in an aging society may be cautiously addressed in deciding future health policies.

Level of Evidence: 4
Anterior Segment Changes After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Implantation of a 355-Degree Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment in Advanced Keratoconus
Authors: Abd Elaziz Mohamed Samy , El Saebay Sarhan Abdel Rahman , Ibrahim Asmaa Mohammed , Elshafy Haggag Haidy Abd 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To study anterior segment changes after implantation of a Keraring with a 355-degree arc length in central advanced keratoconus.

Methods:
Thirty eyes of 22 patients with advanced central keratoconus (grade 3) and absent corneal scarring underwent femtosecond laser-assisted (VisuMax) implantation of a Keraring 355-degree arc length intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) with a segment thickness of 300 μm. Comprehensive ocular evaluations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively to assess uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, K1, K2, Kmax, corneal volume, anterior chamber depth, corneal elevations, and actual segment position 6 months after the procedure.

Results:
Corrected distance visual acuity in decimal notation improved significantly from 0.22 ± 0.17 to 0.49 ± 0.22 (P < 0.01). Statistically significant changes were found in the measured parameters with marked reconstruction of the cornea and anterior chamber. However, the actual depth percent of the ring segment was 61.7% ± 5.9%, which was shallower than the intended depth of 80% of corneal thickness.

Conclusions:
These findings may help explain the marked improvement in visual parameters obtained from the Keraring 355 degrees in advanced central keratoconus. In addition, these types of rings may be a safe, effective, and minimally invasive way to avoid corneal grafting in advanced keratoconus with a clear cornea.
High proportions of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in an ageing population of people who use drugs in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Authors: van Santen Daniëla K. , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Cartier van Dissel Judith , Martens Jonie P.D. , van der Valk Marc , Prins Maria 
Published: July 2018

Background
The incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who use drugs (PWUD) peaked in the 1980s in Amsterdam. As liver cirrhosis develops several decades after HCV infection and PWUD have other risk factors for liver fibrosis, we hypothesized that significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis is now common among PWUD in Amsterdam.

Methods
PWUD were recruited from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies, methadone programmes and addiction clinics during 2009–2016. Transient elastography was performed to assess liver stiffness. We estimated METAVIR fibrosis levels on the basis of the following liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) cut-offs: F0–F2 (no/mild) less than 7.65 kPa; F2–F3 (moderate/severe) at least 7.65 to less than 13 kPa; and F4 (cirrhosis) at least 13 kPa. Using linear regression models, we assessed the association between LSM and sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural determinants in (a) all PWUD and (b) chronic hepatitis C virus (cHCV)-infected PWUD.

Results
For 140 PWUD, the median LSM was 7.6 kPa (interquartile range=4.9–12.0); 26.4% had moderate/severe fibrosis and 22.9% had cirrhosis. Of 104 chronically infected PWUD, 57.7% had evidence of significant fibrosis (≥F2). In multivariable analysis including all PWUD, increased LSM was associated significantly with cHCV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection. In cHCV-infected PWUD, older age was associated significantly with increased LSM. In all groups, longer duration of heavy alcohol drinking was associated with increased LSM.

Conclusion
A high proportion of PWUD had significant fibrosis or cirrhosis that were associated with cHCV infection, HIV/HCV coinfection and duration of heavy alcohol drinking. Increased uptake of HCV treatment and interventions to reduce alcohol use are needed to decrease the liver disease burden in this population.