bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Chronicle: a Tool for Assessing Health Service Utilization among Insured Individuals
Authors: Ferdosi Masoud , Rezayatmand Mohammad Reza , Feiz Bakhsh Abbas , Dehghani Hamid Reza , Aghili Dehkordi Golnoosh 
Published: June 2019

Background: Assessment of the health services utilization among the insured individuals is difficult for insurance companies because they have no integrated information. So, the aim of this study was to introduce a tool to facilitate this issue named "Treatment Chronicle".
Method: This descriptive and applied study was conducted in 2017. To investigate the health services utilization among the insured people and considering the information fragmentation in medical document system of Iran Health Insurance organization (IHIO), Treatment Chronicle was designed. Then, information was collected from medical document system of IHIO about patients' reference to physicians and paraclinics in various specialized levels in an 8-month period from the beginning of 2017. In this regard, 175 insured patients who used the health services very frequently were randomly selected and the Treatment Chronicle was drawn for them. Finally, some criteria were suggested for identifying the causes of over utilizing health services and a specific kind of service.
Results: Data in the IHIO were categorized according to patients' referral to physician, drug store, laboratory, and imaging center and were accessible in the form of tables and charts by entering the individual's national code number in the medical document system of IHIO. However, some problems existed for reviewing the health care utilization due to information fragmentation and lack of up-to-date information. Treatment Chronicle tool showed the referring information of each insured individual in a certain time period. It also represented the sequence, diversity, and combination of individuals' reference to physicians and utilization of paraclinical services.
Conclusion: Treatment Chronicle is a useful tool for insurance organizations to monitor individuals' health services seeking behavior. It can facilitate the interpretation and analysis of the healthcare use by illustrating the sequence and combination service utilization.
3D Printing; Hardware and Software for the Consumer Market
Authors: Heath Paul S. 
Published: June 2019

3D printing is an older technology that is just making its way into the consumer market. The story of its emergence into the consumer market is brought about through the efforts of inventors who viewed this technology as a hobby. Since the introduction of desktop 3D printers, the market has exploded with newer and better models created each year. There are many stories of what it can do, but little reason for consumers to adapt to the technology.
This paper discusses the emergence of consumer 3D printers into the market. It reviews the history, technology and movements that made its existence possible. It also looks at the technology involved, uses for the technology and how it is being introduced to consumers.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: E Vinoth 
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel is receiving increased attention as an alternative, non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable diesel fuel and contributes a minimum amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere. Exploring new energy resources, such as biofuel is of growing importance in recent years. The possibility of obtaining oil from plant resources has created a great importance in several countries. Vegetable oil after esterification being used as bio diesel, Considering the cost and demand of the edible oil is bearable, so it may be preferred for the preparation of bio diesel in India. The transesterification of waste cooking oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amides, and guanidine and triamino (imino) phosphoranes) are described. Transesterification is carried in a reaction cavity, once the reaction is complete, glycerine and biodiesel are gravity separated.
Stress analysis for mandibular screw retained full arch prosthesis, all in 4 concept, with different cantilever extension.
Authors: Farrag Moaz Mostafa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Compare the stress distribution pattern in two different cantilever length in mandibular screw retained prosthesis by computing the distribution of stresses in Bone/implant interface in different zone, magnitude and Direction of force applied using finite element analysis software.
Awareness of Myopia: A Survey Among Parents Residing in Singapore
Authors: Salim Arief Tjitra , Keel Stuart , Foreman Joshua , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Given the rising public health burden of myopia, population-based data on the level of awareness about myopia amongst parents in Singapore are required for planning future awareness campaigns and public health interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of myopia amongst a group of parents residing in Singapore.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey. A sample of 326 participants aged 19 to 69 years with at least 1 child were recruited at The Kidz Academy (TKA) 2018 exhibition in Singapore. Socio-demographic characteristics, smart device use and awareness of myopia (prevalence and mitigation strategies) were collected via an interviewer-administered online questionnaire.

Results

56.7% (185/326) of survey respondents were aware of the high prevalence of myopia amongst secondary school-going Singaporean children. 18.1% (59/326) of the respondents reported that an eye-to-screen distance of less than 30 cm was acceptable and 27.0% (88/326) were unaware of the importance of regular eye examinations among children. Less than half of the respondents [46.6% (152/326)] correctly identified that Singaporean children spend at least 6.5 hours a day on digital screens. 87.7% (286/326) were aware of the importance of outdoor activity as an intervention to slow the progression of myopia, with female respondents significantly more likely to be aware of its importance [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 – 4.13, χ2 = 4.86, P = .03].

Conclusion

Survey respondents demonstrated a good level of awareness of the high prevalence of myopia in Singapore and the protective role of outdoor activity in its development and progression. Awareness campaigns may be beneficial for promoting regular eye examinations amongst children and educating the public on the risk of excessive time spent on smart devices.
Sockeye salmon demonstrate robust yet distinct transcriptomic kidney responses to rhabdovirus (IHNV) exposure and infection
Authors: Polinski Mark , Bradshaw Julia C. , Rise Matthew L. , Johnson Stewart C. , Garver Kyle A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Aquatic Rhabdoviruses are globally significant pathogens associated with disease in both wild and cultured fish. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a Rhabdovirus that causes the internationally regulated disease infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in most species of salmon. Yet not all naïve salmon exposed to IHNV become diseased, and the mechanisms by which some individuals evade or rapidly clear infection following exposure are poorly understood. Here we used RNA-sequencing to evaluate transcriptomic changes in Sockeye salmon, a keystone species in the North Pacific and natural host for IHNV, to evaluate the consequences of IHNV exposure and/or infection on host cell transcriptional pathways.

Results

Immersion challenge of Sockeye salmon smolts with IHNV resulted in approximately 33% infection prevalence, where both prevalence and viral kidney load peaked at 7 days post challenge (dpc). De novo assembly of kidney transcriptomes at 7 dpc revealed that both infected and exposed but noninfected individuals experienced substantial transcriptomic modification; however, stark variation in gene expression patterns were observed between exposed but noninfected, infected, and unexposed populations. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment in concert with differential expression analysis identified that kidney responses in exposed but noninfected fish emphasized a global pattern of transcriptional down-regulation, particularly for pathways involved in DNA transcription, protein biosynthesis and macromolecule metabolism. In contrast, transcriptomes of infected fish demonstrated a global emphasis of transcriptional up-regulation highlighting pathways involved in antiviral response, inflammation, apoptosis, and RNA processing. Quantitative PCR was subsequently used to highlight differential and time-specific regulation of acute phase, antiviral, inflammatory, cell boundary, and metabolic responsive transcripts in both infected and exposed but noninfected groups.

Conclusions

Waterborne exposure with IHNV has a dramatic effect on the Sockeye salmon kidney transcriptome that is discrete between resistant and acutely susceptible individuals. Here we identify that metabolic, acute phase and cell boundary pathways are transcriptionally affected by IHNV and tissue responses to local infection are highly divergent from those generated as part of a disseminated response. These data suggest that primary resistance of naïve fish to IHNV may involve global responses that encourage reduced cellular signaling rather than promoting classical innate antiviral responses.
Association between suicidal ideation and causes of primary care visits: A cross-sectional study to identify patients with suspected suicidal ideation
Authors: Lee Gyeongsil , Kim Jung-Ha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Evidence increasingly suggests that suicide victims are highly likely to visit a primary care provider within one month of the suicide event. However, it would be impossible for primary care providers to act as gatekeepers and thus screen all patients for suicidal ideation or attempts. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential differences in the chief diagnoses received by primary care patients with and without suicidal ideation, as this information may provide clues and predict patients at risk of committing suicide.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,211 Korean adults aged ≥20 years who had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2014 and provided information about their histories of suicidal ideation and visits to primary care providers. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether suicidal ideation was associated with specific diseases after controlling for age, household income, education, occupation, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity.
Results: Among primary care patients, the sample-weighted percentage of suicidal ideation was 11.8%. The diagnoses of neoplasm and mental disorder were associated with a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 8.32 [1.01–68.56] and 6.19 [1.72–22.33], respectively). Notably, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue were also associated with suicidal ideation (OR [95% CI]: 1.93 [1.09–3.43]).
Conclusions: The observed visit patterns and correlations of certain diagnoses with suicidal ideation suggest that primary care physician should pay careful attention to their patients with mood or musculoskeletal disorders and consider screening to determine the risk of suicide.
Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Academic Insights and Perspectives Analysis
Authors: He Lugeng , Fang Hui , Chen Chao , Wu Yanqi , Wang Yuyong , Ge Hongwei , Wang Lili , He Huadong , Wan Yuehua 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

In recent years, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) and studies related to MCRPC have drawn global attention. The main objective of this bibliometric study was to provide an overview of MCRPC, explore clusters and trends in research and investigate the future direction of MCRPC research.

Methods

A total of 4,089 publications published between 1979 and 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Different aspects of MCRPC research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, research areas, funding agencies and author keywords, were analyzed.

Results

The number of annual MCRPC publications increased rapidly after 2010. American researchers played a vital role in this increase, as they published the most publications. The most productive institution was Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. De Bono, JS (the United Kingdom [UK]) and Scher, HI (the United States of America [USA]) were the two most productive authors. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded the largest number of published papers. Analyses of keywords suggested that therapies (abiraterone, enzalutamide, etc.) would attracted global attention after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.

Conclusions

Developed countries, especially the USA,were the leading nations for MCRPC research because of their abundant funding and frequent international collaborations. Therapy was one of the most vital aspects of MCRPC research. Therapies targeting DNA repair or the androgen receptor (AR) signing pathway and new therapies especially prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radioligand therapy (RLT) would be the next focus of MCRPC research.
Dysphasia and platelet count associated with diffusion-weighted images lesions in patients with a clinical diagnosis of transient ischemic attack
Authors: Jia Zejin , Yuan Junliang , Song Yangguang , Hu Wenli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a mandatory tool in the diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Many patients cannot have an MRI in time. The clinical characteristics associated with DWI positivity after TIA are of great significance for the early diagnosis and urgent intervention of TIA and cerebral infarction. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who met the criteria of symptom duration <24 hours for a clinical diagnosis of TIA, and then screened out 302 patients underwent DWI within 7 days of admission. The patients were divided into DWI positive and DWI negative group. The clinical characteristics including risk factors, clinical manifestation, the laboratory blood tests, the auxiliary examination and the TIA scores were compared between the two groups. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions using logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to compare the predictive value of various scores such as ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3I, Dawson score and the Diagnosis of TIA (DOT) score for DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Results
A total of 302 patients (mean age, 62(54,70) years; 67.2 % men) were enrolled in this study. There were 89(29.5%) patients with DWI positivity. Logistic regression analysis showed that the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions were dysphasia ([OR] 2.129; 95%[CI] 1.215-3.729) and platelet count ([OR] 0.993; 95%[CI] 0.988-0.999). The AUCs [95%CI] for Dawson score was 0.610[0.543-0.678] and the DOT score was 0.625[0.559-0.691].
Conclusion
DWI lesions were detected in 29.5% of patients with classically defined TIA and were associated with dysphasia and platelet count. Dawson score and DOT score seem to have the predictability of DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Association of intraoperative blood gas analysis with patient outcome after adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Gang Shaopeng , Jiang Ling , Fang Kaiyun , Liu Xiulun , Xiang Daokang , Dai Feng , Meng Lingzhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The associations of the different blood gas parameters from different blood samples harvested at different stages during adult cardiac surgery with the postoperative outcomes are inadequately studied.
Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) participated in this prospective observational study. Blood gas parameters from arterial, central venous, and jugular bulb venous blood samples harvested simultaneously at pre-determined time points (baseline with the patient awake, post-anesthesia induction but before CPB, during CPB at 30°C, during CPB at 37°C (rewarming), and at the end of surgery) were correlated with postoperative outcomes including the length of mechanical ventilation (LMV), intensive care unit stay (LICU), hospital stay (LOH), and major organ morbidity and mortality.
Results: Data from 193 patients were analyzed. Multiple parameters of different blood harvested at different stages significantly correlated with one or more outcome measures based on univariate analysis (p < 0.05). However, only the jugular bulb venous blood pH and carbon dioxide tension and the central venous blood pH at the end of surgery (pHcv-end) were significantly correlated with LMV, LICU, and LOH (p < 0.05). A more alkaline blood correlated with more favorable outcomes. After adjusting for age, surgical time, and total intravenous volume administered, multivariate analysis showed that only pHcv-end remained independently associated with LMV and LICU (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: More alkaline blood, especially the central venous blood at the end of surgery, is associated with more favorable outcomes after adult cardiac surgery.
Trial registration
ChiCTR-POC-17013942, Date of registration December 15, 2017.
The effects of anesthesia induction and positive pressure ventilation on right-ventricular function: An echocardiography-based prospective observational study
Authors: Magunia Harry , Jordanow Anne , Keller Marius , Rosenberger Peter , Nowak-Machen Martina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:
General anesthesia induction with the initiation of positive pressure ventilation creates a vulnerable phase for patients. The impact of positive intrathoracic pressure on cardiac performance has been studied but remains controversial. 3D echocardiography is a valid and MRI-validated bed-side tool to evaluate the right ventricle (RV). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of anesthesia induction (using midazolam, sufentanil and rocuronium, followed by sevoflurane) with positive pressure ventilation (PEEP 5, tidal volume 6 – 8 ml/kg) on 2D and 3D echocardiography derived parameters of RV function.
Methods:
A prospective observational study on fifty-three patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in a tertiary care university hospital was designed. Transthoracic echocardiography exams were performed before and immediately after anesthesia induction and were recorded together with hemodynamic parameters and ventilator settings.
Results:
After anesthesia induction TAPSE (mean difference -1.6mm (95% CI -2.6mm to -0.7mm; p=0.0013) as well as the Tissue Doppler derived tricuspid annulus peak velocity (TDITVs’) were significantly reduced (mean difference -1.9% (95% CI: -2.6 to -1.2; p<0.0001), but global right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF; p=0.1607) and right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV; p=0.1838) did not change.
Conclusions:
This data shows a preserved right ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular stroke volume after anesthesia induction and initiation of positive pressure ventilation. However, the baso-apical right ventricular function is significantly reduced. Larger studies are needed in order to determine the clinical impact of these findings especially in patients presenting with impaired right ventricular function before anesthesia induction.
Performance and Impact of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® Assays on Tuberculosis Case Detection in Madagascar
Authors: Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Lapierre Simon Grandjean , Raharimanga Vaomalala , Raherison Mamy Serge , Knoblauch Astrid , Raherinandrasana Antso , Rakotoson Andrianantenaina , Rakotonirina Julio , Rasolofo Voahangy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis rapid molecular assays, including GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit®, are highly sensitive and specific. Such performance does not automatically translate in improved disease control and highly depends on their use, local epidemiology and the diagnostic algorithms they’re implemented within. We evaluate the performance of both assays and assess their impact on additional cases notification when implemented within WHO recommended tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms in Madagascar.

Methods:
548 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were prospectively recruited between November 2013 and December 2014 in Antananarivo, Madagascar, a high TB incidence sub-Saharan African urban setting. Both molecular assays were evaluated as first line or add-on testing following negative smear microscopy. Based on locally defined assay performance characteristics we measure the impact of both assays and WHO-recommended diagnostic algorithms on additional tuberculosis case notifications.

Results:
High sensitivity and specificity was confirmed for both GeneXpert MTB/RIF® (86.6% (95% CI 81.1-90.7%) and 97.4% (95% CI 94.9-98.8%)) and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® (84.6% (95% CI 78.9-89.0%) and 98.4% (95% CI 96.2-99.4%)). Implementation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® increased tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms sensitivity from 73.6% (95% CI 67.1-79.3%) up to 88.1% (95% CI 82.8-91.9%). This increase was highest when molecular assays were used as add-on testing following negative smear microscopy. As add-on testing, GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® respectively improved case detection by 23.8% and 21.2% (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Including GeneXpert MTB/RIF® or Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® molecular assays for TB detection on sputum samples from presumptive TB cases can significantly increase case notification in TB diagnostic centers. The TB case detection rate is further increased when those tests are use as second-line follow-on testing following negative smear microscopy results. A country wide scale-up and digital integration of molecular-based TB diagnosis assays shows promises for TB control in Madagascar.