bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supersloppy Readings: Indexicals as Bound Descriptions
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article explores understudied dependent readings in (English) ellipsis and focus constructions and their theoretical consequences. The main focus is on “supersloppy” readings of person indexicals in VP-ellipsis, in which you can be bound by I and vice versa. The empirical properties of these cases, tested in a large-scale systematically controlled questionnaire, show that I and you can be construed as e-type pronouns dependent on each other. This challenges the Kaplanian fixity theory of indexicals in a new way: not only can first- and second-person pronouns be bound, they can also contribute descriptive meanings that affect the interpretation of (elided) sentences. Readings similar to supersloppy readings furthermore extend to time and location indexicals, demonstratives and proper names, which indicates the linguistic relevance of other relations between indexicals and between non-indexicals. All these types of dependent readings shed new light on the theories of indexicals, demonstratives and proper names as well as e-type pronouns.
‘I Find Comfort Here’: Rohingya Women and Taleems in Bangladesh’s Refugee Camps
Authors: Rahman Farhana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article draws on feminist ethnographic research to examine Rohingya refugee women’s place-making activities through the case of the taleem—a women’s prayer space—as a site of identity, home and belonging in the refugee camps outside of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The findings suggest that, as a space for religious activity and prayer, taleems hold important meanings for Rohingya women in three ways: in the social relations—bonds and friendships—it creates; through religious observance as a coping strategy; and providing a sense of collective identity and belonging in displacement by evoking positive memories of ‘home’.
Statistical properties of polarized CMB foreground maps
Authors: von Hausegger Sebastian , Gammelgaard Ravnebjerg Aske , Liu Hao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Foreground removal techniques for CMB analyses make specific assumptions about the properties of foregrounds in temperature and in polarization. By investigating the statistics of foreground components more understanding about the degree to which these assumptions are valid can be obtained. In this work we investigate E- and B-mode maps of the two strongest polarized foregrounds, synchrotron and thermal dust emission, with regards to their similarity with Gaussian processes, their spectral variations, and cross-correlations. We perform tests in patches of ∼3.7° size collectively covering the full sky and find most of them to conform to their Gaussian expectation according to the statistics in use. Correlations exhibit distinct differences in E- and B-mode signals, which point towards necessities in foreground removal methods. We discuss potential consequences and possible further directions.
Separating line emission from star formation, shocks, and AGN ionization in NGC 1068
Authors: D’Agostino Joshua J , Kewley Lisa J , Groves Brent A , Medling Anne M , Di Teodoro Enrico , Dopita Michael A , Thomas Adam D , Sutherland Ralph S , Garcia-Burillo Santiago 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
In the optical spectra of galaxies, the separation of line emission from gas ionized by star formation and an active galactic nucleus (AGN), or by star formation and shocks, are very well-understood problems. However, separating line emission between AGN and shocks has proven difficult. With the aid of a new three-dimensional diagnostic diagram, we show the simultaneous separation of line emission from star formation, shocks, and AGN in NGC 1068, and quantify the ratio of star formation, shocks, and AGN in each spaxel. The AGN, shock, and star formation luminosity distributions across the galaxy accurately align with X-ray, radio, and CO(3–2) observations, respectively. Comparisons with previous separation methods show that the shocked emission heavily mixes with the AGN emission. We also show that if the H α flux is to be used as a star formation rate indicator, separating line emission from as many sources as possible should be attempted to ensure accurate results.
Barriers to accrual and enrollment in brain tumor trials
Authors: Lee Eudocia Q , Chukwueke Ugonma N , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , de Groot John F , Leone Jose Pablo , Armstrong Terri S , Chang Susan M , Arons David , Oliver Kathy , Verble Kay , Musella Al , Willmarth Nicole , Alexander Brian M , Bates Amanda , Doherty Lisa , Galanis Evanthia , Gaffey Sarah , Halkin Thomas , Friday Bret E , Fouladi Maryam , Lin Nancy U , Macdonald David , Mehta Minesh P , Penas-Prado Marta , Vogelbaum Michael A , Sahebjam Solmaz , Sandak David , van den Bent Martin , Weller Michael , Reardon David A , Wen Patrick Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many factors contribute to the poor survival of malignant brain tumor patients, some of which are not easily remedied. However, one contributor to the lack of progress that may be modifiable is poor clinical trial accrual. Surveys of brain tumor patients and neuro-oncology providers suggest that clinicians do a poor job of discussing clinical trials with patients and referring patients for clinical trials. Yet, data from the Cancer Action Network of the American Cancer Society suggest that most eligible oncology patients asked to enroll on a clinical trial will agree to do so. To this end, the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) in collaboration with the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Working Group, patient advocacy groups, clinical trial cooperative groups, including the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium (ABTC), and other partners are working together with the intent to double clinical trial accrual over the next 5 years. Here we describe the factors contributing to poor clinical trial accrual in neuro-oncology and offer possible solutions.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cavernous Sinus Versus Noncavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Outcomes and Outcome Predictors
Authors: Hung Yi-Chieh , Mohammed Nasser , Kearns Kathryn N , Chen Ching-Jen , Starke Robert M , Kano Hideyuki , Lee John , Mathieu David , Kaufmann Anthony M , Wang Wei Gang , Grills Inga S , Cifarelli Christopher P , Vargo John , Chytka Tomas , Janouskova Ladislava , Feliciano Caleb E , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Lunsford L Dade , Sheehan Jason P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) can be categorized based on location.

OBJECTIVE
To compare stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) outcomes between cavernous sinus (CS) and non-CS DAVFs and to identify respective outcome predictors.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study of DAVFs treated with SRS between 1988 and 2016 at 10 institutions. Patients’ variables, DAVF characters, and SRS parameters were included for analyses. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as angiography-confirmed obliteration without radiological radiation-induced changes (RIC) or post-SRS hemorrhage. Other outcomes were DAVFs obliteration and adverse events (including RIC, symptomatic RIC, and post-SRS hemorrhage).

RESULTS
The overall study cohort comprised 131 patients, including 20 patients with CS DAVFs (15%) and 111 patients with non-CS DAVFs (85%). Rates of favorable clinical outcome were comparable between the 2 groups (45% vs 37%, P = .824). Obliteration rate after SRS was higher in the CS DAVFs group, even adjusted for baseline difference (OR = 4.189, P = .044). Predictors of favorable clinical outcome included higher maximum dose (P = .014) for CS DAVFs. Symptomatic improvement was associated with obliteration in non-CS DAVFs (P = .005), but symptoms improved regardless of whether obliteration was confirmed in CS DAVFs. Non-CS DAVFs patients with adverse events after SRS were more likely to be male (P = .020), multiple arterial feeding fistulas (P = .018), and lower maximum dose (P = .041).

CONCLUSION
After SRS, CS DAVFs are more likely to obliterate than non-CS ones. Because these 2 groups have different total predictors for clinical and radiologic outcomes after SRS, they should be considered as different entities.
Comparative Effectiveness of Exclusive Exposure to Nafcillin or Oxacillin, Cefazolin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, and Fluoroquinolones Among a National Cohort of Veterans With Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Beganovic Maya , Cusumano Jaclyn A , Lopes Vrishali , LaPlante Kerry L , Caffrey Aisling R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Beta-lactam antibiotics are recommended as first-line for treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. The objective of this study was to compare effectiveness of anti-MSSA therapies among bacteremia patients exclusively exposed to 1 antimicrobial.

Method
This was a national retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized in Veterans Affairs medical centers with MSSA bacteremia from January 1, 2002, to October 1, 2015. Patients were included if they were treated exclusively with nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, piperacillin/tazobactam, or fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin and levofloxacin). We assessed 30-day mortality, time to discharge, inpatient mortality, 30-day readmission, and 30-day S. aureus reinfection. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using propensity-score (PS) matched Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
When comparing nafcillin/oxacillin (n = 105) with cefazolin (n = 107), 30-day mortality was similar between groups (PS matched n = 44; HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.11–4.00), as were rates of the other outcomes assessed. As clinical outcomes did not vary between nafcillin/oxacillin and cefazolin, they were combined for comparison with piperacillin/tazobactam (n = 113) and fluoroquinolones (n = 103). Mortality in the 30 days after culture was significantly lower in the nafcillin/oxacillin/cefazolin group compared with piperacillin/tazobactam (PS matched n = 48; HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.78), and similar when compared with fluoroquinolones (PS matched n = 32; HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.30–5.96).

Conclusions
In hospitalized patients with MSSA bacteremia, no difference in mortality was observed between nafcillin/oxacillin and cefazolin or fluoroquinolones. However, higher mortality was observed with piperacillin/tazobactam as compared with nafcillin/oxacillin/cefazolin, suggesting it may not be as effective as a monotherapy in MSSA bacteremia.
Incidence of Acute, Progressive, and Delayed Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Over an 8-Year Period in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Segreto Frank A , Passias Peter G , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Smith Justin S , Line Breton G , Mundis Gregory M , Bortz Cole A , Stekas Nicholas D , Horn Samantha R , Diebo Bassel G , Brown Avery E , Ihejirika Yael , Nunley Pierce D , Daniels Alan H , Gupta Munish C , Gum Jeffrey L , Hamilton D Kojo , Klineberg Eric O , Burton Douglas C , Hart Robert A , Schwab Frank J , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I , Ames Christopher P ,   on behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common radiographic complication of adult spinal deformity (ASD) corrective surgery. Although previous literature has reported a 5 to 61% incidence of PJK, these studies are limited by small sample sizes and short-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the incidence of PJK utilizing a high-powered ASD database.

METHODS
Retrospective review of a prospective multicenter ASD database. Operative ASD patients > 18 yr old from 2009 to 2017 were included. PJK was defined as ≥ 10° for the sagittal Cobb angle between the inferior upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) endplate and the superior endplate of the UIV + 2. Chi-square analysis and post hoc testing assessed annual and overall incidence of acute (6-wk follow-up [f/u]), progressive (increase in degree of PJK from 6 wk to 1 yr), and delayed (1-yr, 2-yr, and 3-yr f/u) PJK development.

RESULTS
A total of 1005 patients were included (age: 59.3; 73.5% F; body mass index: 27.99). Overall PJK incidence was 69.4%. Overall incidence of acute PJK was 48.0%. Annual incidence of acute PJK has decreased from 53.7% in 2012 to 31.6% in 2017 (P = .038). Overall incidence of progressive PJK was 35.0%, with stable rates observed from 2009 to 2016 (P = .297). Overall incidence of 1-yr-delayed PJK was 9.3%. Annual incidence of 1-yr-delayed PJK has decreased from 9.2% in 2009 to 3.2% in 2016 (P < .001). Overall incidence of 2-yr-delayed PJK development was 4.3%. Annual incidence of 2-yr-delayed PJK has decreased from 7.3% in 2009 to 0.9% in 2015 (P < .05). Overall incidence of 3-yr-delayed PJK was 1.8%, with stable rates observed from 2009 to 2014 (P = .594).

CONCLUSION
Although progressive PJK has remained a challenge for physicians over time, significantly lower incidences of acute and delayed PJK in recent years may indicate improving operative decision-making and management strategies.
High-Definition 3-Dimensional Exoscope for 5-ALA Glioma Surgery: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Doglietto Francesco , Belotti Francesco , Panciani Pierpaolo , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Fontanella Marco Maria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A 54-yr-old man presented with the radiological recurrence of a glioblastoma at the level of the left anterior cingulate gyrus, 46 mo after first surgery, which had been complicated by bone flap infection. Due to the relatively small recurrence, the long survival, and the good neurological status, surgery was warranted. A new, high-definition (4 K) and 3-dimensional exoscope (ORBEYE; Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc, Tokyo, Japan) was used during the surgical approach and throughout tumor removal, which was aided by five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) derived fluorescence. The postoperative course was characterized by supplementary motor area syndrome, which quickly improved, leading to a discharge home 1 wk after surgery. Histological examination confirmed a wild-type (WT) IDH1/2, MGMT (DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) methylated glioblastoma with a proliferative index focally as high as 20%. He is now being considered for a second-line treatment.
As recently reported for spinal surgery,
1
we believe this technology has significant potential for its small dimension (which can provide optimal positioning even in ergonomically challenging positions), ease of movement, and image quality, including 5-ALA fluorescence.
The patient's consent was obtained for publication.
Functional shifts in leaves of woody invaders of deciduous forests between their home and away ranges
Authors: Martinez Kelsey A , Fridley Jason D , Oguchi Riichi , Aiba Masahiro , Hikosaka Kouki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTemperate forests are widely invaded by shade-tolerant shrubs and trees, including those of Eastern North America (ENA). However, it remains unknown whether these invaders are ‘preadapted’ for success in their new ranges due to unique aspects of their evolutionary history or whether selection due to enemy release or other postintroduction processes have driven rapid evolution in the invaded range. We sampled leaf traits of populations of woody understory invaders across light gradients in their native range in Japan and in their invaded ENA range to examine potential phenotypic shifts related to carbon gain and nitrogen use between ranges. We also measured leaf traits in three co-occurring ENA native shrub species. In their invaded range, invaders invested significantly less in leaf chlorophyll content (both per unit leaf mass and area) compared with native range populations of the same species, yet maintained similar rates of photosynthesis in low light. In addition, compared with ENA natives, ENA invaders displayed greater trait variation in response to increasing light availability (forest edges, gaps), giving them a potential advantage over ENA natives in a variety of light conditions. We conclude that, for this group of species, newly evolved phenotypes in the invaded range are more important than preadaptation for their success as shade-tolerant forest invaders.
Cross-talk between Human Spinal Cord μ-opioid Receptor 1Y Isoform and Gastrin-releasing Peptide Receptor Mediates Opioid-induced Scratching Behavior
Authors: Liu Xian-Yu , Ginosar Yehuda , Yazdi Joseph , Hincker Alexander , Chen Zhou-Feng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Although spinal opioids are safe and effective, pruritus is common and distressing. The authors previously demonstrated in mouse spinal cord that interactions between μ-opioid receptor isoform 1D and gastrin releasing peptide receptor mediate morphine-induced scratch. The C-terminal of 1D inhibits morphine-induced scratch without affecting analgesia. The authors hypothesize that human spinal cord also contains itch-specific μ-opioid receptor isoforms which interact with gastrin releasing peptide receptor.

Methods
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on human spinal cord complimentary DNA from two human cadavers. Calcium responses to morphine (1 μM) were examined using calcium imaging microscopy on human cells (HEK293) coexpressing gastrin releasing peptide receptor and different human μ-opioid receptor isoforms. The authors assessed morphine-induced scratching behavior and thermal analgesia in mice following intrathecal injection of morphine (0.3 nmol) and a transactivator of transcription peptide designed from C-terminal sequences of 1Y isoform (0, 0.1, and 0.4 nmol).

Results
The authors demonstrated 1Y expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Morphine administration evoked a calcium response (mean ± SD) (57 ± 13 nM) in cells coexpressing both gastrin releasing peptide receptor and the 1Y isomer. This was blocked by 10 μM naltrexone (0.7 ± 0.4 nM; P < 0.0001), 1 μM gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist (3 ± 2 nM; P < 0.0001), or 200 μM 1Y-peptide (2 + 2 nM; P < 0.0001). In mice, 0.4 nmol 1Y-peptide significantly attenuated morphine-induced scratching behaviors (scratching bouts, vehicle vs. 1Y-peptide) (92 ± 31 vs. 38 ± 29; P = 0.011; n = 6 to 7 mice per group), without affecting morphine antinociception in warm water tail immersion test (% of maximum possible effect) (70 ± 21 vs. 67 ± 22; P = 0.80; n = 6 mice per group).

Conclusions
Human μ-opioid receptor 1Y isomer is a C-terminal splicing variant of Oprm1 gene identified in human spinal cord. Cross-talk between 1Y and gastrin releasing peptide receptor is required for mediating opioid-induced pruritus. Disrupting the cross talk may have implications for therapeutic uncoupling of desired analgesic effects from side effects of opioids.
“Let's Boogie”
Authors: Wshah Adnan , Butler Stacey , Patterson Kara , Goldstein Roger , Brooks Dina 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
Exercise is an effective treatment for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, lack of adherence to exercise programs is a common barrier. Innovative approaches to exercise are needed to increase patient engagement and adherence. Dance has been shown to benefit populations with neurological conditions. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility of a dance intervention in individuals with COPD.

Methods:
Twenty individuals with COPD participated in a 1-hr dance class delivered twice a week for 8 wk. The primary outcome measure of the study was the feasibility determined by enrollment rate, attendance rate, adverse events, and participant satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included functional capacity, balance, anxiety and depression, steps count, and health-related quality of life.

Results:
Of the 47 individuals approached, 37 (79%) were interested in the program and 23 (49%) consented to participate and 20 completed the program with no adverse events and a mean attendance rate of 78%. The mean age ± SD of the participants was 73.4 ± 7.6 yr and 70% were females. Participant satisfaction with the program was high and significant improvements were achieved in the 6-min walk test (P = .03), Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) (P < .01), Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (P = .001), and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (P = .007).

Conclusion:
Dance is an enjoyable, safe, and feasible way to exercise for those with COPD. This pilot study will inform the design of a larger randomized controlled trial to determine effectiveness of dance on exercise capacity, balance, and quality of life for people with COPD.
Activation of Collimators Irradiated With Clinical Proton Beams and Development of a Semiempirical Model for Activity Calculation
Authors: Carnicer Adela , Candela-Juan Cristian , Nirrengarten Manon , Blideanu Valentin , Mazal Alejandro , Hérault Joël , Delacroix Sabine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Patient-specific collimators used in proton therapy are activated after use. The aim of this work is to assess the residual activity in brass collimators considering clinical beams, so far studied only for monoenergetic beams, and to develop a model to calculate the activity. Eight brass collimators irradiated with different clinical and monoenergetic beams were included in the study. The collimators were analyzed with gamma spectrometry in the framework of three independent studies carried out at the two French proton therapy sites. Using FLUKA (a fully integrated particle physics Monte Carlo simulation package), simulations were performed to determine radionuclides and activities for all the collimators. The semiempirical model was built using data calculated with FLUKA for a range of clinical beams (different maximum proton energies, modulations, and doses). It was found that there was global coherence in experimental results from different studies. The relevant radionuclides at 1 mo postirradiation were 57Co, 58Co, and 65Zn, and additionally, 54Mn, 56Co, and 60Co for high-energy beams. For nondegraded monoenergetic beams, differences between FLUKA and spectrometry were within those reported in reference benchmark studies (±30%). Due to the use of perfect monochromatic sources in the FLUKA model, FLUKA results systematically underestimated experimental activities for clinical beams, especially for 65Zn, depending on the beam energy spread (modulation, degradation, beam line characteristics). To account for the energy spread, correction factors were derived for the semiempirical model. The model is applicable to the most relevant radionuclides and total amounts. Secondary neutrons have a negligible contribution to the activity during treatment with respect to proton activation.