bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rab2A-mediated Golgi-lipid droplet interactions support very-low-density lipoprotein secretion in hepatocytes
Authors: Xu Min , Chen Zi-yue , Li Yang , Li Yue , Guo Ge , Dai Rong-zheng , Ni Na , Tao Jing , Wang Hong-yu , Chen Qiao-li , Wang Hua , Zhou Hong , Yang Yi-ning , Chen Shuai , Chen Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) serve as crucial hubs for lipid trafficking and metabolic regulation through their numerous interactions with various organelles. While the interplay between LDs and the Golgi apparatus has been recognized, their roles and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal the role of Ras-related protein Rab-2A (Rab2A) in mediating LD-Golgi interactions, thereby contributing to very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipidation and secretion in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, our findings identify a selective interaction between Golgi-localized Rab2A and 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) protein residing on LDs. This complex facilitates dynamic organelle communication between the Golgi apparatus and LDs, thus contributing to lipid transfer from LDs to the Golgi apparatus for VLDL2 lipidation and secretion. Attenuation of Rab2A activity via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppresses the Rab2A-HSD17B13 complex formation, impairing LD-Golgi interactions and subsequent VLDL secretion. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of Rab2A and HSD17B13 in the liver reduces the serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Collectively, this study provides a new perspective on the interactions between the Golgi apparatus and LDs.
Hormones in malaria infection: influence on disease severity, host physiology, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Das Aleena , Suar Mrutyunjay , Reddy K Sony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a fatal disease that disrupts the host’s physiological balance and affects the neuroendocrine system. This review explores how malaria influences and is influenced by hormones. Malaria activates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, leading to increased cortisol, aldosterone, and epinephrine. Cortisol, while reducing inflammation, aids parasite survival, whereas epinephrine helps manage hypoglycemia. The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad and Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axes are also impacted, resulting in lower sex and thyroid hormone levels. Malaria disrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), causing higher angiotensin-II and aldosterone levels, contributing to edema, hyponatremia and hypertension. Malaria-induced anemia is exacerbated by increased hepcidin, which impairs iron absorption, reducing both iron availability for the parasite and red blood cell formation, despite elevated erythropoietin. Hypoglycemia is common due to decreased glucose production and hyperinsulinemia, although some cases show hyperglycemia due to stress hormones and inflammation. Hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia are associated with low Vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone but high calcitonin. Hormones such as DHEA, melatonin, PTH, Vitamin D3, hepcidin, progesterone, and erythropoietin protects against malaria. Furthermore, synthetic analogs, receptor agonists and antagonists or mimics of hormones like DHEA, melatonin, serotonin, PTH, vitamin D3, estrogen, progesterone, angiotensin, and somatostatin are being explored as potential antimalarial treatments or adjunct therapies. Additionally, hormones like leptin and PCT are being studied as probable markers of malaria infection.
Endothelial cell-cardiomyocyte cross-talk: understanding bidirectional paracrine signaling in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease
Authors: Adao Doris M.T. , Ching Crizza , Fish Jason E. , Simmons Craig A. , Billia Filio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To maintain homeostasis in the heart, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes engage in dynamic cross-talk through paracrine signals that regulate both cardiac development and function. Here, we review the paracrine signals that endothelial cells release to regulate cardiomyocyte growth, hypertrophy and contractility, and the factors that cardiomyocytes release to influence angiogenesis and vascular tone. Dysregulated communication between these cell types can drive pathophysiology of disease, as seen in ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetes, maladaptive hypertrophy, and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Investigating the role of cross-talk is critical in developing an understanding of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease pathogenesis, with the potential to identify novel targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Stochastic approach to evaluate the shielding effectiveness of composite materials loaded with randomly oriented helices
Authors: Hamidi Ayoub , Cheldavi Ahmad , Habibnejad Korayem Asghar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis letter proposes a method to calculate the expected value of the shielding effectiveness of a composite material slab, including a planar array of randomly oriented metal helices as chiral particles. Helix‐loaded concrete composite materials are advantageous for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. While planar periodic arrays of chiral particles have been extensively studied, this research discusses a non‐periodic array in which the helical particle axis direction in each unit cell is random. This method estimates the slab's shielding effectiveness by defining it as a random variable expanded into three independent basis‐like functions. Comparisons with full‐wave simulations show acceptable agreement across a wide frequency range, with a total RMS error of 0.9 dB. This study additionally includes an experimental measurement to validate the proposed method. This technique provides the initial step in developing an analytical method to analyse and estimate the transmitted power of general structures using a stochastic approach. Examples include concrete composites containing randomly distributed helical steel particles with significant shielding effectiveness.
Decarbonising the Australian economy: A first step
Authors: Kalam Akhtar , Weeks Warren A. , Hogan Brad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmidst mounting global pressure, governments worldwide have embarked on a collective journey towards decarbonising their economies within the next 30 years. This ambitious goal necessitates the phasing out of naturally occurring hydrocarbons such as coal, natural gas, and oil. However, our analysis of data from academic papers, Australian Federal Government publications, and reports from energy industry bodies and manufacturers of electricity‐generating equipment suggests that such a complete elimination of fossil fuel use is not feasible. The data we've gathered, however, indicate that transitioning to a connected energy island power generation topology could at least create a sustainably robust energy supply capable of propelling Australia towards its environmental targets while bolstering its future economic well‐being.
Extension of the multilevel radiative transfer code PyRaTE to model linear polarization of molecular lines
Authors: Tritsis A. , Kylafis N. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Linear polarization of spectral lines, commonly known as the Goldreich-Kylafis effect within the star formation community, is one of the most underutilized techniques for probing magnetic fields in the dense and cold interstellar medium.
Aims. In this study, we implement linear polarization of molecular spectral lines into the multilevel, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer code PYRATE.
Methods. Different modes of polarized radiation are treated individually, with separate optical depths computed for each polarization direction. Our implementation is valid in the so-called strong magnetic field limit and is exact for either a system satisfying the large-velocity-gradient approximation, and/or for any system with a uniform magnetic field. We benchmark our implementation against analytical results and provide tests for various limiting cases.
Results. In agreement with previous theoretical results, we find that in the multilevel case the amount of fractional polarization decreases when compared to the two-level approximation, but this result is subject to the relative importance between radiative and collisional processes. Finally, we post-process an axially symmetric, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic chemo-dynamical simulation of a collapsing prestellar core and provide theoretical predictions regarding the shape (as a function of velocity) of the polarization fraction of CO during the early stages in the evolution of molecular clouds.
REsolved ALMA and SMA Observations of Nearby Stars (REASONS)
Authors: Matrà L. , Marino S. , Wilner D. J. , Kennedy G. M. , Booth M. , Krivov A. V. , Williams J. P. , Hughes A. M. , del Burgo C. , Carpenter J. , Davies C. L. , Ertel S. , Kral Q. , Lestrade J.-F. , Marshall J. P. , Milli J. , Öberg K. I. , Pawellek N. , Sepulveda A. G. , Wyatt M. C. , Matthews B. C. , MacGregor M. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Planetesimal belts are ubiquitous around nearby stars, and their spatial properties hold crucial information for planetesimal and planet formation models.
Aims. We present resolved dust observations of 74 planetary systems as part of the REsolved ALMA and SMA Observations of Nearby Stars (REASONS) survey and archival reanalysis.
Methods. We uniformly modelled interferometric visibilities for the entire sample to obtain the basic spatial properties of each belt, and combined these with constraints from multi-wavelength photometry.
Results. We report key findings from a first exploration of this legacy dataset: (1) Belt dust masses are depleted over time in a radially dependent way, with dust being depleted faster in smaller belts, as predicted by collisional evolution. (2) Most belts are broad discs rather than narrow rings, with much broader fractional widths than rings in protoplanetary discs. We link broad belts to either unresolved substructure or broad planetesimal discs produced if protoplanetary rings migrate. (3) The vertical aspect ratios (h = H/R) of 24 belts indicate orbital inclinations of ~1–20º, implying relative particle velocities of ~0.1–4 km/s, and no clear evolution of heights with system age. This could be explained by early stirring within the belt by large bodies (with sizes of at least ~140 km to the size of the Moon), by inheritance of inclinations from the protoplanetary disc stage, or by a diversity in evolutionary pathways and gravitational stirring mechanisms. We release the REASONS legacy multidimensional sample of millimetre-resolved belts to the community as a valuable tool for follow-up multi-wavelength observations and population modelling studies.
Studies of stationary features in jets: BL Lacertae
Authors: Arshakian T. G. , Hambardzumyan L. A. , Pushkarev A. B. , Homan D. C. 
Published: November 2024

Context. High-resolution very long baseline interferometry observations have revealed a quasi-stationary component (QSC) in the relativistic jets of many blazars, which represents a standing recollimation shock. VLBA monitoring of the BL Lacertae jet at 15 GHz shows the QSC at a projected distance of about 0.26 mas from the radio core.
Aims. We study the trajectory and kinematics of the QSC in BL Lacertae on sub-parsec scales using 15 GHz VLBA data of 164 observations over 20 years from the MOJAVE program and 2 cm VLBA Survey. Methods. To reconstruct the QSC’s intrinsic trajectory, we used moving average and trajectory refinement procedures to smooth out the effects of core displacement and account for QSC positioning errors.
Results. We identified 22 QSC reversal patterns with a frequency of ∼1.5 per year. Most reversals have an acute angle < 90° and a few have a loop-shaped or arc-shaped trajectory. Where observed, combinations of reversals show reversible and quasi-oscillatory motion. We propose a model in which a relativistic transverse wave passes through the QSC, generating a short-lived reverse motion, similar to the transverse motion of a seagull on a wave. According to the model, relativistic waves are generated upstream and the reverse motion of the QSC is governed by the amplitude, velocity, and tilt of the wave as it passes through. The apparent superluminal speeds of the QSC (∼2 c) are then due to the relativistic speed of the jet’s transverse wave (< 0.3 c in the host galaxy rest frame) combined with the relativistic motion towards the observer. The measured superluminal speeds of the QSC indirectly indicate the presence of relativistic transverse waves, and the size of the QSC scattering on the sky is proportional to the maximum amplitude of the wave. We find that most of the transverse waves are twisted in space. In the active state of the jet, the directions of the twisting waves are random, similar to the behaviour of the wave in a high-pressure hose, while in the jet stable state, the wave makes quasi-oscillations with regular twisting.
Conclusions. The study of QSC dynamics in BL Lac-type blazars is important for evaluating the physical characteristics of relativistic transverse jet waves. The latter have important implications for jet physics and open up possibilities for modelling the physical conditions and location in the jet necessary for the excitation of relativistic transverse waves.
Unravelling motives and time use of additional leave in a flexible benefits plan: a mixed-methods case study in Belgium
Authors: Castro Damaris , Bleys Brent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWorking-time reduction emerges as a promising measure for fostering a well-being economy, as it allows to reconsider time allocation between paid labour and other activities, potentially improving human and environmental well-being. This study investigates the motives for and planned time use of additional leave in the context of a flexible benefits plan, a specific form of working-time reduction that is increasingly popular among employees and employers. Despite its popularity, little is known about the rationale behind this choice and its potential to create socio-environmental benefits. Data were collected from a Belgian media company in 2022 using a mixed-methods approach, comprising a survey (N = 241) and semi-structured interviews (N = 13). The findings reveal that a mix of motives matters for choosing additional leave, including push, pull, personal and contextual factors, as well as the specifics of the flexible benefits plan. While the desire for more leisure emerges as a primary driver, difficulties in taking up the standard amount of leave present a key barrier. Employees plan to use their extra leave for diverse activities, mainly personal and social activities, household tasks, travel, and ad-hoc pursuits. However, preferences vary based on parental status, with couples having children primarily intending to use the leave for caregiving responsibilities. Notably, the primary activities for intended time use align with increased well-being and have relatively low environmental impacts, although positive effects may be partially offset for well-being (such as when paid work is replaced with unpaid care or household work) or for the environment (such as when spending the extra leave on environmentally intensive (travel) activities). These findings tentatively suggest that choosing additional leave in flexible benefits plans could contribute to a well-being economy.
Reconfigurable magnonic crystals: Spin wave propagation in Pt/Co multilayer in saturated and stripe domain phase
Authors: Dhiman Anuj K. , Leśniewski Nikodem , Gieniusz Ryszard , Kisielewski Jan , Mazalski Piotr , Kurant Zbigniew , Matczak Michał , Stobiecki Feliks , Krawczyk Maciej , Lynnyk Artem , Maziewski Andrzej , Gruszecki Paweł 
Published: November 2024

To control the spin wave (SW) propagation, external energy sources such as magnetic fields, electric currents, or complex nanopatterning are used, which can be challenging at the deep nanoscale level. In this work, we overcome such limitations by demonstrating SW propagation in Pt/Co multilayers at a remanent state controlled by stripe domain patterns, using Brillouin light scattering and micromagnetic simulations. We show that parallel stripes with a periodicity around 100 nm exhibit reconfigurability, as the stripes can be rotated by applying the in-plane field without damaging their shape. This allows us to study SW propagation perpendicular and parallel to the stripes. We observe multimodal SW spectra—three bands in perpendicular and five in parallel geometry. Numerical results allow us to identify all observed modes and to explain the differences between two configurations by the unequal contribution of all three magnetization components in the SW dynamics. We find that the experimentally measured non-reciprocal dispersion (for the wavevector perpendicular to the stripes) is not the breaking of time-symmetry but the asymmetry in intensity of the measured signals of two different low-frequency modes, which is due to the inhomogeneous SW amplitude distribution over the multilayer thickness and the limited light penetration depth. Our results pave the way for easy reprogrammability and high energy efficiency in nanomagnonics.
Impact of electrolyte on the structure and orientation of water at air/water–polyethylene glycol polymer interface
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anisha , Mondal Jahur Alam 
Published: November 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a water soluble, non-ionic polymer with applications in drug delivery, protein precipitation, anti-biofouling, water-splitting, Li-ion batteries, and fuel cells. The interaction of PEG with water and electrolytes plays pivotal roles in such applications. Using interface-selective spectroscopy, heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation, and Raman difference spectroscopy with simultaneous curve fitting analysis, we show that water adopts different structures and orientations at the air/water–PEG interface, which depends on the molar mass of the PEG. At the air/water–PEG4000 (MW 4000u) interface, water is H-up oriented (i.e., water Hs are pointed away from the aqueous bulk) around 3200 cm−1 and H-down oriented (i.e., water Hs are pointed toward the aqueous bulk) around 3470 cm−1. Variation of the bulk concentration of PEG4000 does not change the dual orientation of interfacial water. The presence of an electrolyte (1.0M NaCl) selectively reduces the H-up oriented water without affecting the H-down oriented water at the air/water–PEG4000 interface. The selective reorganization of the interfacial water is assigned to the disruption of the asymmetric hydration around ether-oxygen of the surface-adsorbed PEG4000 by the Na+ ion of the electrolyte. Interestingly, in the case of low molar mass PEG (air/water–PEG200), the interfacial water neither shows the dual orientation nor is affected by 1.0M NaCl.
Advancing DFT predictions in Cu-chalcogenides with full-yet-shallow 3d-orbitals: Meta-GGA plus Hubbard-like U correction
Authors: Zhang Yubo 
Published: November 2024

The technologically important Cu-chalcogenides, such as Cu2Se and CuInSe2, usually have relatively small band gaps. Achieving a reliable yet efficient description of the electronic properties has proven to be quite challenging for the popular exchange-correlation functionals of density functional theory, primarily due to the involvement of full-yet-shallow Cu-3d orbitals. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of several meta-generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals that have been recently developed. We find that the r2SCAN (regularized-restored strongly constrained and appropriately normed) functional significantly improves upon conventional local density approximation and GGA in terms of geometry and electronic band structure; however, there is still a notable discrepancy with experimental results due to the remaining delocalization error. This error is mitigated by combining r2SCAN with a Hubbard-like U correction applied to the Cu-3d orbitals. For predicting band gaps, both the TASK functional and the mBJ potential, when combined with the U correction, demonstrate similar accuracies with a mean absolute error of 0.17–0.19 eV. This accuracy is lower than that achieved with the many-body Hedin’s GW approximation method but more accurate than that of hybrid functionals. Moreover, the r2SCAN+U approach well reproduces the phonon dispersion in CuInSe2, revealing a neglected computational problem in previous reports. We conclude that the meta-GGA+U approach represents a significant advancement by striking a balance between reliability and computational effort, and further efforts are still required to describe the Cu-3d orbitals more accurately.
Ternary MXene/PANI/ZnO-based composite with a built-in p–n heterojunction for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Mahajan Parika , Sardana Sagar , Mahajan Aman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2T
x
MXene-based materials have attracted widespread attraction in the field of energy storage owing to their high conductivity and accordion-like structure. However, challenges such as restacking and oxidative degradation of the Ti3C2T
x
MXene structure lead to poor stability, low conductivity, low specific capacitance and, consequently, a low specific energy, hindering their extensive adoption at an industrial scale. In this study, a ternary MXene/polyaniline (PANI)/ZnO (MPZ) composite has been synthesized via surface engineering of two-dimensional (2D) MXene using one-dimensional (1D) PANI nanowires and ZnO nanoparticles to enhance its specific energy and stability while sustaining its specific power. 1D PANI nanowires and ZnO nanoparticles act as spacers to prevent restacking, while also exposing the suppressed redox active sites of 2D MXene and preventing it from being oxidized by forming a porous conductive network all over the surface of the MXene. PANI and ZnO also provide additional electroactive redox sites by forming p–n heterojunctions, thus enhancing faradaic redox reactions and the specific capacitance of the MPZ composite. As a result, the overall electrochemical performance and stability of the ternary MPZ composite are enhanced due to the synergistic interactions among the individual components within the ternary MPZ composite. At a low current density of 0.1 A g−1, the ternary MPZ composite exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 651.96 F g−1 and a highest specific energy of 32.59 Wh Kg−1 while maintaining a specific power of 60 W Kg−1 as compared to MXene and binary MP composite. Furthermore, it showcased exceptional cyclic stability over 10 000 cycles with 94.75% and 92.95% capacitive retention at 0.6 A g−1 current density and 40 mV s−1 scan rate, respectively. Thus, this current study highlights an effective strategy to enhance the specific energy of MXene-based supercapacitors through surface engineering and the construction of p–n heterojunctions within the composite.