bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning‐based CBCT correction using alternating random forest based on auto‐context model
Authors: Lei Yang , Tang Xiangyang , Higgins Kristin , Lin Jolinta , Jeong Jiwoong , Liu Tian , Dhabaan Anees , Wang Tonghe , Dong Xue , Press Robert , Curran Walter J. , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2018

PurposeQuantitative Cone Beam CT (CBCT) imaging is increasing in demand for precise image‐guided radiotherapy because it provides a foundation for advanced image‐guided techniques, including accurate treatment setup, online tumor delineation, and patient dose calculation. However, CBCT is currently limited only to patient setup in the clinic because of the severe issues in its image quality. In this study, we develop a learning‐based approach to improve CBCT's image quality for extended clinical applications.Materials and methodsAn auto‐context model is integrated into a machine learning framework to iteratively generate corrected CBCT (CCBCT) with high‐image quality. The first step is data preprocessing for the built training dataset, in which uninformative image regions are removed, noise is reduced, and CT and CBCT images are aligned. After a CBCT image is divided into a set of patches, the most informative and salient anatomical features are extracted to train random forests. Within each patch, alternating RF is applied to create a CCBCT patch as the output. Moreover, an iterative refinement strategy is exercised to enhance the image quality of CCBCT. Then, all the CCBCT patches are integrated to reconstruct final CCBCT images.ResultsThe learning‐based CBCT correction algorithm was evaluated using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method applied on a cohort of 12 patients’ brain data and 14 patients’ pelvis data. The mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), normalized cross‐correlation (NCC) indexes, and spatial nonuniformity (SNU) in the selected regions of interest (ROIs) were used to quantify the proposed algorithm's correction accuracy and generat the following results: mean MAE = 12.81 ± 2.04 and 19.94 ± 5.44 HU, mean PSNR = 40.22 ± 3.70 and 31.31 ± 2.85 dB, mean NCC = 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.01, and SNU = 2.07 ± 3.36% and 2.07 ± 3.36% for brain and pelvis data.ConclusionPreliminary results demonstrated that the novel learning‐based correction method can significantly improve CBCT image quality. Hence, the proposed algorithm is of great potential in improving CBCT's image quality to support its clinical utility in CBCT‐guided adaptive radiotherapy.
Toughness enhancers for bone scaffold materials based on biocompatible photopolymers
Authors: Orman Sandra , Hofstetter Christoph , Aksu Adem , Reinauer Frank , Liska Robert , Baudis Stefan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTProviding access to the benefits of additive manufacturing technologies in tissue engineering, vinyl esters recently came into view as appropriate replacements for (meth)acrylates as precursors for photopolymers. Their low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility as well as favorable degradation behavior are their main assets. Suffering from rather poor mechanical properties, particularly in terms of toughness, several improvements have been made over the last years. Especially, thiol–ene chemistry has been investigated to overcome those shortcomings. In this study, we focused on additional means to further improve the toughness of an already established biocompatible vinyl ester‐thiol formulation, eligible for digital light processing‐based stereolithography. All molecules were based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) as building block and the formulations were tested regarding their reactivity and the resulting mechanical properties. They all performed well as toughness enhancer, ultimately doubling the impact resistance of the reference system. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 110–119
Rh6 gene modulates the visual mechanism of host utilization in fruit fly Bactrocera minax
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Andongma Awawing A , Dong Yongcheng , Chen Zhenzhong , Xu Penghui , Ren Xueming , Krosch Matthew N , Clarke Anthony R , Niu Changying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDVision plays a critical role in host location and oviposition behavior for herbivorous insects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying visual regulation in host recognition and oviposition site selection in insects remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the key visual genes that are linked to the host plant location of the fruit fly, Bactrocera minax.RESULTSUsing a host specialist fruit fly, B. minax, which lays eggs only into immature green citrus fruit, we undertook behavioral, transcriptomic, and RNAi research to identify the molecular basis for host fruit color recognition. In laboratory and field assays we found that adults prefer green over other colors, and this preference is significantly increased in sexually mature over immature flies. Furthermore, we identified that the Rh6 gene, responsible for green spectral sensitivity, has elevated expression in mature flies over immature flies. RNAi suppression of Rh6 eliminated the preference for green, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of eggs laid by B. minax in green unripe citrus.CONCLUSIONThese results show that the Rh6 gene modulates the visual mechanism of host utilization in B. minax, providing a genetic basis for visual host location in a non‐model insect herbivore. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of g‐C3N4‐Decorated Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticle Composites for Improved Ethanol Sensing
Authors: Zhang Run , Wang Yan , Zhang Zhanying , Cao Jianliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nanocomposites of g‐C3N4 nanosheet decorated magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (TG‐DSC) techniques were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the as‐prepared nanocomposites. The results indicated that the MgFe2O4 nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the surface of the g‐C3N4 nanosheet. The gas‐sensing properties of the samples were tested, and the response value (Ra/Rg) of the MgFe2O4/g‐C3N4 nanocomposite with 15 wt.% g‐C3N4 content‐based sensor to 500 ppm of ethanol was 112 at 300 °C, which is 5 times higher than that of pure MgFe2O4. Moreover, the MgFe2O4/g‐C3N4‐15‐based sensor showed impressive selectivity, fast response and recovery characteristics, and good linearity in range of ethanol concentration (10–500 ppm).
The Tetrahydroxydicarbenium Cation [(HO)2CC(OH)2]2+: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Schickinger Manuel , Saal Thomas , Zischka Florian , Axhausen Joachim , Stierstorfer Karin , Morgenstern Yvonne , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOxalic acid forms in superacidic solutions HF/MF5 (M = As, Sb) its corresponding mono‐ and diprotonated salts [HOOCC(OH)2][MF6] and [(HO)2CC(OH)2][MF6]2 (M = As, Sb). The number of protonations is strongly dependent on the stoichiometric ratio of the Lewis acid with regard to oxalic acid. Mono‐ and diprotonated salts were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and in the case of [HOOCC(OH)2][AsF6] (1) and [(HO)2CC(OH)2][SbF6]2 (4) by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The salts crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/c and P21/n with eight, respectively four, formula units per unit cell. The vibrational spectra were compared to quantum chemical calculations of the cations [HOOCC(OH)2]+ and [(OH)2CC(OH)2]2+⋅4HF. In addition to this, an MEP analysis together with the NPA charges of [(OH)2CC(OH)2]2+, [(OH)2CC(OH)2]2+⋅6HF and oxalic acid were calculated to locate the positive charge. The protonation of oxalic acid does not lead to a remarkable change of the C‐C bond length, which is discussed for the entire series of the oxalic skeleton, starting with the dianion and ending with the tetrahydroxy dication.
Preconcentration of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Amidoxime‐Functionalized Microspheres Silica Material: Kinetics, Isotherm and Mechanism Study
Authors: Xiao Jiang , Jing Yan , Wang Xingquan , Yao Ying , Jia Yongzhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn present study, amidoxime‐functionalized MCM‐41 microspheres silica materials (denoted as MCM‐41‐AO) were synthesized and applied to enrich uranium from aqueous mediums. The adsorbents were characterized in detail by SEM, TEM, EDS, FT‐IR, elemental analysis and the zero point of change (pHzpc) test. The effects of the pH, ionic strength, contact time, coexisting cations and temperature on the adsorption properties of U(VI) were investigated. The highest sorption capacity of U(VI) on MCM‐41‐AO was evaluated to be 384.59 mg⋅g−1 by Langmuir isotherms model at pH=5.00 ± 0.05 and T=298 ± 2 K. The adsorption thermodynamics and thermodynamic studies suggest that the U(VI) adsorbed on the amidoxime functionalized microspheres silicas is a chemisorption, spontaneous and endothermic process. In addition, the adsorption mechanism for U(VI) on MCM‐41‐AO also has been explored by the XPS and FT‐IR. The results manifest that the effective adsorption U(VI) is mainly ascribed to the steady formation of surface complexes between uranium ions and the amidoxime ligands.
CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs
Authors: Ghouri Zafar Khan , Elsaid Khaled , Abdala Ahmed , Abdullah Abdulmuin M. , Akhtar Mohammed Shaheer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the cerium‐palladium (CePd) incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were manufactured by low‐cost and versatile electrospinning technique and successfully applied as a counter electrode to fabricate the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The utilized physiochemical techniques, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) incorporated by Ce and Pd nanoparticles. CePd incorporated CNFs were preliminary presented good electrocatalytic activity towards the iodide redox couple, as investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The DSSC fabricated using CePd incorporated CNFs based counter electrode (CE) attained an applicable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.52% along with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.739 V, a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 11.42 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.54. According to primary results, the CePd incorporated CNFs based CE is a promising, and cost‐effective alternative CE for photoelectrochemical devices.
Carbon‐Enriched Cobalt Phosphide with Assorted Nanostructure as a Multifunctional Electrode for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Authors: Surendran Subramani , Shanmugapriya Sathyanarayanan , Lee Yun Sung , Sim Uk , Selvan Ramakrishnan Kalai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA single‐step hydrothermal technique is applied to prepare cobalt phosphide with multifarious nanostructures to signify its multifunctional capabilities. The prepared electrodes were intensely analysed for both the energy conversion and energy storage systems. The acquired Co−P with the assorted morphology of scaffolds and spherical of Co2P/C electrode inspires with a significantly lower oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (271 mV
) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (207 mV
) overpotentials to accelerate progressive electrocatalytic activity. Additionally, the energy storage capacity was revealed with the Co2P electrode delivering an enriched specific capacity (322 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) in conjunction with noteworthy rate capability (83%) and durable cycling stability (10000 cycles). Overall, an aqueous supercapattery device (Co2P/C∥AC) was fabricated providing superior energy density (35 Wh kg−1) and an improved power density (5333 W kg−1). The assembled water splitting system demanded a low cell voltage of 1.63 V to afford a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the fabricated Co2P/C∥AC supercapattery coupled with the assembled water splitting system, to promote a supercapattery driven water splitting system profoundly proving the Co2P propensity of handling the multifunctional challenges in terms of both storage and conversion aspects.
A Flexible Reversible Material Curing at Room Temperature Based on Diels‐Alder Reversible Reaction Characteristics
Authors: Xu Jianan , Li Zhiying , Wang Bao , Liu Fengya , Liu Yudong , Liu Fengqi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReversible materials have been extensively studied for their good application potential. In this work, a series of materials with thermal reversible properties were synthesized by Diels‐Alder (DA) reaction of furan/BMI. The main structure of the thermoreversible polymer was poly (propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PPGGE) which was chain‐extended by furfurylamine. Bismaleimide (BMI) was set as crosslinking agent. The conversion rates of DA reaction and retro‐DA reaction were calculated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The material could react quickly at room temperature and achieve high conversion rate to 90%. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis were used to study the thermal properties of the materials, and the obvious reversible transformation temperature of the materials occurred in the range of 90 °C to 120 °C. The thermomechanical properties and tensile properties of the materials were obtained by DMA and tensile tests, respectively. Compared to the previous studies, these materials exhibited a relatively high breaking elongation of 230%.
Identifying discrete behavioural types: a re-analysis of public goods game contributions by hierarchical clustering
Authors: Fallucchi Francesco , Luccasen R. Andrew , Turocy Theodore L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe propose a framework for identifying discrete behavioural types in experimental data. We re-analyse data from six previous studies of public goods voluntary contribution games. Using hierarchical clustering analysis, we construct a typology of behaviour based on a similarity measure between strategies. We identify four types with distinct stereotypical behaviours, which together account for about 90% of participants. Compared to the previous approaches, our method produces a classification in which different types are more clearly distinguished in terms of strategic behaviour and the resulting economic implications.
Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions
Authors: David Liji M. , Ravishankara A. R. , Kodros John K. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Venkataraman Chandra , Sadavarte Pankaj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe annual premature mortality in India attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds 1 million (Cohen et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(17)30505‐6). Studies have estimated sector‐specific premature mortality from ambient PM2.5 exposure in India and shown residential energy use is the dominant contributing sector. In this study, we estimate the contribution of PM2.5 and premature mortality from six regions of India in 2012 using the global chemical‐transport model. We calculate how premature mortality in India is determined by the transport of pollution from different regions. Of the estimated 1.1 million annual premature deaths from PM2.5 in India, about ~60% was from anthropogenic pollutants emitted from within the region in which premature mortality occurred, ~19% was from transport of anthropogenic pollutants between different regions within India, ~16% was due to anthropogenic pollutants emitted outside of India, and ~4% was associated with natural PM2.5 sources. The emissions from Indo Gangetic Plain contributed to ~46% of total premature mortality over India, followed by Southern India (13%). Indo Gangetic Plain also contributed (~8%) to the most premature mortalities in other regions of India through transport. More than 50% of the premature mortality in Northern, Eastern, Western, and Central India was due to transport of PM2.5 from regions outside of these individual regions. Our results indicate that reduction in anthropogenic emissions over India, as well as its neighboring regions, will be required to reduce the health impact of ambient PM2.5 in India.
Waveguide coupler for resonant‐tunnelling diode oscillator at 420 GHz
Authors: Matsumoto H. , Suzuki S. , Asada M. , Monnai Y. 
Published: November 2018

The authors proposed a waveguide coupler that extracts the radiation from a resonant‐tunnelling diode (RTD) oscillator at 420 GHz as the fundamental mode of a rectangular waveguide compatible to the WR‐2.2 standard. In the proposed structure, an RTD oscillator chip is embedded inside a hyper hemispherical silicon lens to reshape the radiation from the tiny chip into a collimated beam, which is subsequently converted into the waveguide mode using a linear horn. The authors estimate the transmission efficiency of the coupler to be −3 dB. Integrated in one package, this approach enables handy use of RTD oscillators as a platform for various terahertz applications.
Detection of nitrogen gas in the β Pictoris circumstellar disc
Authors: Wilson P. A. , Kerr R. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Bourrier V. , Vidal-Madjar A. , Kiefer F. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: November 2018

Context. The gas composition of the debris disc surrounding β Pictoris is rich in carbon and oxygen relative to solar abundances. Two possible scenarios have been proposed to explain this enrichment. The preferential production scenario suggests that the produced gas may be naturally rich in carbon and oxygen, while the alternative preferential depletion scenario states that the enrichment has evolved to the current state from a gas with solar-like abundances. In the latter case, the radiation pressure from the star expels the gas outwards, leaving behind species that are less sensitive to stellar radiation such as C and O. Nitrogen is not sensitive to radiation pressure either as a result of its low oscillator strength, which would make it also overabundant under the preferential depletion scenario. The abundance of nitrogen in the disc may therefore provide clues to why C and O are overabundant.
Aims. We aim to measure the nitrogen column density in the direction of β Pictoris (including contributions by the interstellar medium and circumstellar disc), and use this information to distinguish these different scenarios to explain the C and O overabundance.
Methods. Using far-UV spectroscopic data collected by the Hubble Space Telescope’s Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) instrument, we analysed the spectrum and characterised the NI triplet by modelling the absorption lines.
Results. We measure the nitrogen column density in the direction of β Pictoris for the first time, and find it to be log(NNI/1 cm2) = 14.9 ± 0.7. The nitrogen gas is found to be consistent with solar abundances and Halley dust. We also measure an upper limit for the column density of MnII in the disc at log(NMnII/1 cm2)CS = 12.7+0.1 and calculate the column density of SIII** in the disc to be log(NSIII★★/1 cm2)CSX = 14.2 ± 0.1. Both results are in good agreement with previous studies.
Conclusions. The solar nitrogen abundance supports the preferential production hypothesis, in which the composition of gas in β Pictoris is the result of photodesorption from icy grains that are rich in C and O or collisional vaporisation of C- and O-rich dust in the disc. It does not support the hypothesis that C and O are overabundant because C and O are insensitive to radiation pressure, which would cause them to accumulate in the disc.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent through an uncovered metal duodenal stent
Authors: Sportes Adrien , Airinei Gheoghe , Kamel Ralph , Raynaud Jean , Benamouzig Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a preexisting duodenal stent is particularly challenging and has a low success rate. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been increasingly used as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after failed ERCP. EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CD) and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) have been reported to have similar efficacity. Recently, a novel dedicated fully-covered lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has been developed for EUS-CD (Hot AXIOS; Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, United States). It seems that this new device decreases the morbidity of EUS-CD. We present a case in which EUS-CD with LAMS through an uncovered metal duodenal stent was used successfully.
Comparison of early and delayed EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collection
Authors: Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Nakai Yousuke , Saito Tomotaka , Saito Kei , Hakuta Ryunosuke , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Uchino Rie , Takahara Naminatsu , Mizuno Suguru , Kogure Hirofumi , Matsubara Saburo , Tada Minoru , Isayama Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims While endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) is recommended to be performed ≥ 4 weeks after onset of acute pancreatitis (AP), early (< 4 weeks) interventions are needed in some symptomatic cases. Despite feasibility of early percutaneous drainage, there have been few studies about early EUS-guided drainage of PFC.
Patients and methods Consecutive patients who received EUS-guided drainage (EUS-PCD) of infected or symptomatic PFC at the University of Tokyo were retrospectively studied. Contraindications for EUS-PCD are lack of encapsulation or adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract. Safety and effectiveness of early vs delayed (≥ 4 weeks) EUS-PCD were compared.
Results A total of 35 patients underwent EUS-PCD (12 early and 23 delayed) using 19 large-bore fully-covered metallic stent and 16 plastic stents. The median diameter of PFC was 110 mm (40 – 180) and 122 mm (17 – 250) in the early and delayed drainage groups, respectively. Median time from onset of AP to drainage was 23 and 85 days for early and delayed drainage, respectively. The technical success rate of EUS-guided drainage was 100 %. Endoscopic necrosectomy was performed in six early and 16 cases of delayed drainage. The adverse event rate was 25 % (3 bleeding) and 13 % (2 perforations and 1 CO2 retention) in the early and delayed drainage groups, respectively. Two patients died (1 early and 1 delayed) due to multiorgan failure.
Conclusion Endoscopic drainage and subsequent necrosectomy of symptomatic PFC within 4 weeks after onset of acute pancreatitis was feasible, given that the collection was encapsulated and attached to the gastrointestinal tract.