bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis by High-Volume Hemofiltration: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Gong Dehua , Zhang Peng , Ji Daxi , Chen Zhaohong , Li Weiqin , Li Jieshou , Li Leishi , Liu Zhihong 
Published: April 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on ameliorating immune dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Twelve patients diagnosed with SAP admitted to the intensive care unit of general surgery, Jinling Hospital, from January 2004 to December 2006 were included in this study. They were assigned to the standard medical therapy group (SMT group, n=4) or HVHF group (n=8) immediately after enrollment, in a 1:2 ratio. The SMT group were given standard treatment for SAP, while the HVHF group were given standard as well as 72-hour HVHF treatment initiated within 2 hours after enrollment. Patients in the 2 groups were comparable for the baseline clinical parameters. All patients were monitored over a 72-hour observation period for continuous clinical status, blood cell counts including monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and HLA-DR expression on monocytes. Blood samples were collected from those patients at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hour after enrollment for measurement of plasma Th1-type cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-2, interferon-γ [IFN-γ], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13) using ELISA. Results Within 72 hours, all measured cytokines except IL-4 were maintained at high levels, accompanied with a low level of peripheral monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, and HLA-DR expression. Seventy-two hours later, plasma cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 (p<0.05), but not TNF-α and IL-6, in patients in the HVHF group were significantly reduced, while there was no change for these parameters in the SMT group. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-13 in the HVHF group were significantly lower than those in the SMT group. Peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocyte count, and HLA-DR expression were increased significantly (p<0.05) only in the HVHF group, not in the SMT group. HLA-DR expression in the HVHF group was significant higher than that in the SMT group (p<0.05). Conclusions HVHF significantly reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations including those of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-13, while it increased monocyte HLA-DR expression in patients with SAP. The association of plasma cytokine reduction and cellular immune function recovery and clinical outcome needs further investigation.
Single long scleral tunnel technique for prevention of Ahmed valve tube exposure
Authors: Eslami Yadollah , Azaripour Ebrahim , Mohammadi Masoud , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Fakhraie Ghasem , Zarei Reza , Alizadeh Yousef , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of single long scleral tunnel technique for the prevention of conjunctival erosions caused by the Ahmed glaucoma valve. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series that included 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent glaucoma valve implantation surgery by the single long scleral tunnel technique. Results: The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 52 ± 21.6 years (range: 10–90 years). The mean visual acuity was 1.5 ± 0.81 logMAR preoperatively. The intraocular pressure was 40.7 ± 9.18 mm Hg (range: 25–58) before surgery that decreased significantly to 19.7 ± 3.1 mm Hg (range: 14–25; p < 0.0001) after a mean follow-up of 37.2 ± 5.9 months. During follow-up, no case of tube exposure was detected in patients. Conclusion: Single long scleral technique was efficacious with no occurrence of tube exposure in relatively long period of follow-up. In this method, there is no need to harvest any additional material, and in situations with limited access to patch grafts, it is performable with the minimal facilities.
That’s My Truth: Evidence for Involuntary Opinion Confirmation
Authors: Gilead Michael , Sela Moran , Maril Anat 
Published: April 2018

Past research has investigated deliberate mental acts that allow people to remain entrenched in their convictions. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine whether opinion-confirmation processes can occur involuntarily. We conducted experiments wherein participants made speeded judgments of the grammatical accuracy of statements pertaining to various matters of opinion, and subsequently rated their agreement with those statements. The results show that participants more readily verify the grammaticality of a statement when it corresponds to their opinion. These findings may help explain why opinions are sometimes change resistant, in showing that acceptance (rejection) of confirmatory (contradictory) opinions can occur involuntarily. We discuss possible applications of the paradigm described herein.
Keeping one step ahead: A qualitative study among Norwegian health-care providers in hospitals involved in care coordination for patients with complex needs
Authors: Høyem Audhild , Gammon Deede , Berntsen Gro , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Various efforts aim to enhance continuity of care for patients with long-term health-care needs. Since 2012, Norwegian hospitals are mandated to appoint individual care coordinators for patients with complex needs to ensure continuity in the care pathway. New roles must meld with current practice. Implementation has been slow. This study investigates current care coordination across hospital contexts, from the perspective of health-care providers, a scarcely researched area. Methods A qualitative study using semi-structured individual, duo, and group interviews with 16 purposefully selected Norwegian health-care providers from different hospitals, departments, professions and with various roles. A thematic cross-case analysis using systematic text condensation was performed. Results Common for the interviewees’ care coordination experiences was to “keep one step ahead.” The scope of their coordination activities varied from diagnostics and treatment to orchestrating long-term, cross-sectional multidisciplinary care. This work was often performed without designated resources. The interviewees applied experience, knowledge, and sensitivity when defining the patients’ needs and searching for resources to orchestrate coordination work. They strived to balance the needs of patients with the resources available and adjusted the continuity ambitions on behalf of their patients to what they considered doable in the relevant contexts. However, many told of negotiating special solutions for selected patients with particularly complex needs. Discussion Care coordination for patients with complex needs emerged as diverse and context-sensitive. Acknowledgement of coordination activities that go beyond established workflow routines and clinical pathways, together with flexible leadership support and accessible infrastructural resources are needed.
Diagnostic Performance of Plain Film, Ultrasonography, and Computed Tomography in Nasal Bone Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hwang Kun , Jung Joon Soo , Kim Hun 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of plain film (PF), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing nasal bone fractures (NBFs). Methods: In a search of PubMed and Scopus, “nasal bone fracture” AND “X-ray OR CT OR USG OR MRI” were searched. Among the 369 titles from PubMed and 379 titles from Scopus, 257 duplicate titles were excluded and 491 titles were reviewed. Among them, 36 full articles were reviewed. From these, 21 were excluded and 1 mined article was added; thus, 16 articles were reviewed. Results: The accuracy of CT (94.4% ± 2.3%) was significantly higher ( P < .001) than that of USG (85.0% ± 3.6%). The accuracy of USG was significantly higher ( P < .001) than that of PF (67.7% ± 4.7%). Computed tomography (89.3% ± 3.1%) and USG (87.2% ± 3.3%) were significantly more sensitive than PF ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The specificity of CT (94.2% ± 2.3%) was significantly higher ( P = .001) than that of USG (87.4% ± 3.3%). The specificity of USG was significantly higher ( P < .001) than that of PF (67.8% ± 4.7%). Among the PF techniques, combining a lateral view and the Water’s view (71.8% ± 4.5%) had significantly higher accuracy than a lateral view alone (62.4% ± 4.8%) or the Water’s view alone (61.0% ± 4.9%). In USG, there was no significant difference ( P = .300) in accuracy among lateral and dorsal views (95.8% ± 2.0%), a lateral view alone (84.2% ± 3.7%), and a dorsal view alone (84.2% ± 3.6%). Conclusion: The results of this review might be helpful in choosing the most appropriate diagnostic tool in patients suspected having NBF.
The Person-Centred Care Guideline: From Principle to Practice
Authors: Moody Lesley , Nicholls Brett , Shamji Hannah , Bridge Erica , Dhanju Suman , Singh Simron 
Published: April 2018

Background: A standardized definition and approach for the delivery of person-centered care (PCC) in cancer care that is agreed upon by all key policy makers and clinicians is lacking. The PCC Guideline defines core PCC principles to outline a level of service that every person accessing cancer services in Ontario, Canada should expect to receive. This article describes the dissemination of the PCC Guideline in practice. Methods: Three strategies were utilized: (1) educational intervention via a PCC video, (2) media engagement, and (3) research/knowledge user networks. Results: As of October 2016, the PCC video has been viewed 7745 times across 92 countries. Significant mean differences pre- and post-PCC video were found for understanding of PCC principles ( P < .001) and perceived ability to bring these PCC principles to practice ( P < .001). Through content analysis, the PCC Guideline recommendations were referenced 236 times, with “Enabling Patients to Actively Participate in their Care” (n = 81), and “Essential Requirements of Care” (n = 79) being referenced most frequently. Conclusions: These strategies are an effective way to target multiple PCC stakeholders in the health-care system to increase awareness of the PCC Guideline, in order to further impart knowledge of PCC behaviors.
YM155 decreases radiation-induced invasion and reverses epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting STAT3 in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Xuehai , Xu Ran , Ji Jianxiong , Xu Yangyang , Han Mingzhi , Wei Yuzhen , Huang Bin , Chen Anjing , Zhang Qing , Li Wenjie , Wang Jian , Li Xingang , Qiu Chen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy constitutes a standard arm of therapy in the multimodal treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Ironically, studies have recently revealed that radiation can augment malignant progression, by promoting migration and invasion, which make the disease especially difficult to cure. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of YM155, a purported radiosensitizer, in GBM cell lines.

Methods
GBM cell lines U251 and U87 were treated with YM155 to assess cytotoxicity and activity of the molecule in vitro. Nude mice were implanted with cells to generate orthotopic xenografts for in vivo studies. Response of cells to treatment was examined using cell viability, immunofluorescence, wound healing, and the Transwell invasion assay. Molecules potentially mediating response were examined through western blot analysis, phospho-kinase arrays, and qPCR. Cells were transfected with siRNA knockdown and gene expression constructs to identify molecular mediators of response.

Results
YM155 reduced viability of U251 and U87 cells and enhanced radiosensitivity through inhibition of homologous recombination. Besides, YM155 decreased invasion caused by radiation and led to expression changes in molecular markers associated with EMT. STAT3 was one of 10 molecules identified on a phosphokinase array exhibiting significant change in phosphorylation under YM155 treatment. Transfection with STAT3 siRNAs or expression constructs demonstrated that EMT changes were achieved by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 and were survivin-independent. Finally, combining YM155 and radiation in orthotopic xenografts reduced growth and prolonged overall survival of animals.

Conclusions
YM155 decreased radiation-induced invasion in GBM cell lines in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of STAT3.
The influence of a consumer-wearable activity tracker on sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bouts: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sloan Robert A. , Kim Youngdeok , Sahasranaman Aarti , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Finkelstein Eric A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Objective
A recent meta-analysis surmised pedometers were a useful panacea to independently reduce sedentary time (ST). To further test and expand on this deduction, we analyzed the ability of a consumer-wearable activity tracker to reduce ST and prolonged sedentary bouts (PSB). We originally conducted a 12-month randomized control trial where 800 employees from 13 organizations were assigned to control, activity tracker, or one of two activity tracker plus incentive groups designed to increase step count. The primary outcome was accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Results
We conducted a secondary analysis on accelerometer measured daily ST and PSB bouts. A general linear mixed model was used to examine changes in ST and prolonged sedentary bouts, followed by between-group pairwise comparisons. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of changes in step counts with ST and PSB. The changes in ST and PSB were not statistically significant and not different between the groups (P < 0.05). Increases in step counts were concomitantly associated with decreases in ST and PSB, regardless of intervention (P < 0.05). Caution should be taken when considering consumer-wearable activity trackers as a means to reduce sedentary behavior.
Trial registration NCT01855776 Registered: August 8, 2012
Potentially modifiable respiratory variables contributing to outcome in ICU patients without ARDS: a secondary analysis of PRoVENT
Authors: Simonis Fabienne D. , Barbas Carmen S. V. , Artigas-Raventós Antonio , Canet Jaume , Determann Rogier M. , Anstey James , Hedenstierna Goran , Hemmes Sabrine N. T. , Hermans Greet , Hiesmayr Michael , Hollmann Markus W. , Jaber Samir , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Mills Gary H. , Pearse Rupert M. , Putensen Christian , Schmid Werner , Severgnini Paolo , Smith Roger , Treschan Tanja A. , Tschernko Edda M. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Wrigge Hermann , de Abreu Marcelo Gama , Pelosi Paolo , Schultz Marcus J. , Neto Ary Serpa ,   For the PRoVENT investigators,   The PROVE Network investigators, Neto Ary Serpa , Barbas Carmen S. V. , Artigas-Raventós Antonio , Canet Jaume , Determann Rogier M. , Dixon Barry , Hedenstierna Goran , Hemmes Sabrine N. T. , Hermans Greet , Hiesmayr Michael , Hollmann Markus W. , Jaber Samir , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Mills Gary H. , Pearse Rupert M. , Putensen Christian , Schmid Werner , Severgnini Paolo , Smith Roger , Treschan Tanja A. , Tschernko Edda M. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Wrigge Hermann , de Abreu Marcelo Gama , Pelosi Paolo , Schultz Marcus J. , Simonis Fabienne D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
The majority of critically ill patients do not suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To improve the treatment of these patients, we aimed to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with outcome of these patients.

Methods
The PRoVENT was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of consecutive patients under invasive mechanical ventilatory support. A predefined secondary analysis was to examine factors associated with mortality. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Results
935 Patients were included. In-hospital mortality was 21%. Compared to patients who died, patients who survived had a lower risk of ARDS according to the ‘Lung Injury Prediction Score’ and received lower maximum airway pressure (Pmax), driving pressure (ΔP), positive end-expiratory pressure, and FiO2 levels. Tidal volume size was similar between the groups. Higher Pmax was a potentially modifiable ventilatory variable associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariable analyses. ΔP was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality, but reliable values for ΔP were available for 343 patients only. Non-modifiable factors associated with in-hospital mortality were older age, presence of immunosuppression, higher non-pulmonary sequential organ failure assessment scores, lower pulse oximetry readings, higher heart rates, and functional dependence.

Conclusions
Higher Pmax was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients under mechanical ventilatory support for reasons other than ARDS.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01868321).
Behavioural Computer Science: an agenda for combining modelling of human and system behaviours
Authors: Pedersen Tore , Johansen Christian , Jøsang Audun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rapidly increasing pervasiveness and integration of computers in human society calls for a broad discipline under which this development can be studied. We argue that to design and use technology one needs to develop and use models of humans and machines in all their aspects, including cognitive and memory models, but also social influence and (artificial) emotions. We call this wider discipline Behavioural Computer Science (BCS), and argue in this paper for why BCS models should unify (models of) the behaviour of humans and machines when designing information and communication technology systems. Thus, one main point to be addressed is the incorporation of empirical evidence for actual human behaviour, instead of making inferences about behaviour based on the rational agent model. Empirical studies can be one effective way to constantly update the behavioural models. We are motivated by the future advancements in artificial intelligence which will give machines capabilities that from many perspectives will be indistinguishable from those of humans. Such machine behaviour would be studied using BCS models, looking at questions aboutmachine trustlike “Can a self driving car trust its passengers?”, orartificial influencelike “Can the user interface adapt to the user’s behaviour, and thus influence this behaviour?”. We provide a few directions for approaching BCS, focusing on modelling of human and machine behaviour, as well as their interaction.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chang Jian-bo , Wu Hao , Wang He , Ma Bai-tao , Wang Ren-zhi , Wei Jun-ji 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Postoperative central nervous system infections (PCNSIs) represent a serious complication, and the timely use of antibiotics guided by the identification of the causative pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities is essential for treatment. However, there are little data regarding the prevalence of PCNSI pathogens in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of pathogens in patients with PCNSIs, which could help clinicians to choose the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the positive CSF cultures in patients who underwent craniotomy between January 2010 and December 2015. We collected data, including demographic characteristics, type of neurosurgery, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Results
A total of 62 patients with 90 isolates out of 818 patients with 2433 CSF culture samples were available for data analysis. The estimated incidence and culture-positive rate of PCNSIs were approximately 0.9 and 7.5%, respectively. The predominant organism was coagulase-negative staphylococci, of which most were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS). All were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, rifampicin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent causative Gram-negative agent and was resistant to 12 out of 18 antimicrobials tested. The sensitivity rates for tigecycline and minocycline were only 40 and 33%, respectively.

Conclusion
PCNSIs could lead to high mortality. Although the MRCoNS were the predominant organism, the management of Acinetobacter baumannii was a major clinical challenge with few effective antimicrobials in PCNSIs.
Development of a patient-centred intervention to improve knowledge and understanding of antibiotic therapy in secondary care
Authors: Rawson Timothy M. , Moore Luke S. P. , Castro-Sanchez Enrique , Charani Esmita , Hernandez Bernard , Alividza Vivian , Husson Fran , Toumazou Christofer , Ahmad Raheelah , Georgiou Pantelis , Holmes Alison H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
We developed a personalised antimicrobial information module co-designed with patients. This study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of this patient-centred intervention on short-term knowledge and understanding of antimicrobial therapy in secondary care.

Methods
Thirty previous patients who had received antibiotics in hospital within 12 months were recruited to co-design an intervention to promote patient engagement with infection management. Two workshops, containing five focus-groups were held. These were audio-recorded. Data were analysed using a thematic framework developed deductively based on previous work. Line-by-line coding was performed with new themes added to the framework by two researchers. This was used to inform the development of a patient information module, embedded within an electronic decision support tool (CDSS).
The intervention was piloted over a four-week period at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust on 30 in-patients. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were developed and implemented to assess short term changes in patient knowledge and understanding and provide feedback on the intervention. Data were analysed using SPSS and NVIVO software.

Results
Within the workshops, there was consistency in identified themes. The participants agreed upon and co-designed a personalised PDF document that could be integrated into an electronic CDSS to be used by healthcare professionals at the point-of-care. Their aim for the tool was to provide individualised practical information, signpost to reputable information sources, and enhance communication between patients and healthcare professionals.
Eighteen out of thirty in-patients consented to participant in the pilot evaluation with 15/18(83%) completing the study. Median (range) age was 66(22–85) years. The majority were male (10/15;66%). Pre-intervention, patients reported desiring further information regarding their infections and antibiotic therapy, including side effects of treatment. Deployment of the intervention improved short term knowledge and understanding of individuals infections and antibiotic management with median (IQR) scores improving from 3(2–5)/13 to 10(6–11)/13. 13/15(87%) reported that they would use the intervention again.

Conclusion
A personalised, patient-centred intervention improved understanding and short-term knowledge of infections and antibiotic therapy in participating patients’. Long term impact on attitudes and behaviours post discharge will be further investigated.