bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transgenic Mouse Model for Inducible and Reversible Dysmyelination
Authors: Mathis Carole , Hindelang Colette , LeMeur Marianne , Borrelli Emiliana 
Published: April 2018

Oligodendrocytes are glial cells devoted to the production of myelin sheaths. Myelination of the CNS occurs essentially after birth. To delineate both the times of oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelination, as well as to study the consequence of dysmyelinationin vivo, a model of inducible dysmyelination was developed. To achieve oligodendrocyte ablation, transgenic animals were generated that express the herpes virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) gene under the control of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene promoter. The expression of the MBP-TK transgene in oligodendrocytes is not toxic on its own; however, toxicity can be selectively induced by the systemic injection of animals with nucleoside analogs, such as FIAU [1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-δ-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil]. This system allows us to control the precise duration of the toxic insult and the degree of ablation of oligodendrocytesin vivo.We show that chronic treatment of MBP-TK mice with FIAU during the first 3 postnatal weeks triggers almost a total depletion of oligodendrocytes in the CNS. These effects are accompanied by a behavioral phenotype characterized by tremors, seizures, retarded growth, and premature animal death. We identify the period of highest oligodendrocytes division in the first 9 postnatal days. Delaying the beginning of FIAU treatments results in different degrees of dysmyelination. Dysmyelination in MBP-TK mice is always accompanied by astrocytosis. Thus, this transgenic line provides a model to study the events occurring during dysmyelination of various intensities. It also represents an invaluable tool to investigate remyelinationin vivo.
Precise Burst Synchrony in the Superior Colliculus of the Awake Cat during Moving Stimulus Presentation
Authors: Pauluis Quentin , Baker Stuart N. , Olivier Etienne 
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to characterize the synchrony that occurs between cell discharges in the superior colliculus of the awake cat. We trained cats to perform a visual fixation in the presence of a visual moving stimulus and then recorded 686 pairs of neighboring cells in the superior colliculus during task performance. A new method to assess the significance of precise discharge synchronization is described, which permits analysis of nonstationary data. Of 181 pairs with sufficient data for quantitative analysis, 125 showed a cross-correlation histogram (CCH) with features assessed as significant using this approach. CCHs frequently showed an isolated central peak (41 of 125) or a peak flanked by one or two troughs (68 of 125), and in a few cases an oscillatory pattern of ∼65 Hz (16 of 125). This is in contrast to the oscillation frequency reported for the visual cortex and shows that oscillations in the superior colliculus probably arise from a cortex-independent mechanism.Our method also permits direct quantification of the correlation shift predictors, assessing precise time locking of spikes to the stimulus. Only 1 of 125 cross-correlation shift predictors had a significant central peak, meaning that most of the CCH features were not related to cell discharges time-locked to the stimulus presentation.Further investigation using a burst-jittering method showed that synchrony in the superior colliculus is attributable to precise synchronization of short bursts of spikes. Such synchrony could be related to the network dynamics and the common inhibitory feedback from local interneurons, which would act as temporal selectors of the cells with greatest or fastest response.
Ontogeny of Modulatory Inputs to Motor Networks: Early Established Projection and Progressive Neurotransmitter Acquisition
Authors: Le Feuvre Yves , Fénelon Valérie S. , Meyrand Pierre 
Published: April 2018

Modulatory information plays a key role in the expression and the ontogeny of motor networks. Many developmental studies suggest that the acquisition of adult properties by immature networks involves their progressive innervation by modulatory input neurons. Using the stomatogastric nervous system of the European lobsterHomarus gammarus, we show that contrary to this assumption, the known population of projection neurons to motor networks, as revealed by retrograde dye migration, is established early in embryonic development. Moreover, these neurons display a large heterogeneity in the chronology of acquisition of their full adult neurotransmitter phenotype.We performed retrograde dye migration to compare the neuronal population projecting to motor networks located in the stomatogastric ganglion in the embryo and adult. We show that this neuronal population is quantitatively established at developmental stage 65%, and each identified projection neuron displays the same axon projection pattern in the adult and the embryo. We then combined retrograde dye migration with FLRFamide-like, histamine, and GABA immunocytochemistry to characterize the chronology of neurotransmitter expression in individual identified projection neurons. We show that this early established population of projection neurons gradually acquires its neurotransmitter phenotype complement. This study indicates that (1) the basic architecture of the known population of projection inputs to a target network is established early in development and (2) ontogenetic plasticity may depend on changes in neurotransmitter phenotype expression within preexisting neurons rather than in the addition of new projection neurons or fibers.
Instability in the Place Field Location of Hippocampal Place Cells after Lesions Centered on the Perirhinal Cortex
Authors: Muir Gary M. , Bilkey David K. 
Published: April 2018

The perirhinal cortex appears to play a key role in memory, and the neighboring hippocampus is critically involved in spatial processing. The possibility exists, therefore, that perirhinal–hippocampal interactions are important for spatial memory processes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of the perirhinal cortex to the location-specific firing (“place field”) of hippocampal complex-spike (“place”) cells. The firing characteristics of dorsal CA1 place cells were examined in rats with bilateral ibotenic acid lesions centered on the perirhinal cortex (n= 4) or control surgeries (n= 5) as they foraged in a rectangular environment. The activity of individual place cells was also monitored after a delay period of either 2 min, or 1 or 24 hr, during which time the animal was removed from the environment.Although the perirhinal cortex lesion did not affect the place field size or place cell firing characteristics during a recording session, it was determined that the location of the place field shifted position across the delay period in 36% (10 of 28) of the cells recorded from lesioned animals. In contrast, none of the place cells (0 of 29) recorded from control animals were unstable by this measure.These data indicate that although the initial formation of place fields in the hippocampus is not dependent on perirhinal cortex, the maintenance of this stability over time is disrupted by perirhinal lesions. This instability may represent an erroneous “re-mapping” of the environment and suggests a role for the perirhinal cortex in spatial memory processing.
Multiple Channel Interactions Explain the Protection of Sympathetic Neurons from Apoptosis Induced by Nerve Growth Factor Deprivation
Authors: Xia Shuli , Lampe Patricia A. , Deshmukh Mohanish , Yang Aizhen , Brown Barry S. , Rothman Steve M. , Johnson Eugene M. , Yu Shan Ping 
Published: April 2018

We investigated the neuroprotective properties of two M-type K+channel blockers, linopirdine and its analog XE991, in rat sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF). Linopirdine and XE991 promoted sympathetic neuronal survival 48–72 hr after NGF withdrawal in a concentration-dependent manner. Both drugs prevented neuronal apoptosis by blocking the pathway leading to the release of cytochrome c and development of “competence-to-die” after NGF deprivation. Fura-2 Ca2+imaging showed no significant difference in intracellular free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in the presence or absence of NGF; linopirdine and XE991, on the other hand, caused membrane depolarization and increases in [Ca2+]i. Whole-cell recordings showed that linopirdine and XE991 selectively blocked the M current at neuroprotective concentrations, although they additionally inhibited other K+currents at high concentrations. Membrane depolarization and [Ca2+]iincreases induced by linopirdine and XE991 were blocked by the Na+channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by the L-type Ca2+channel antagonist nifedipine. TTX and nifedipine also prevented the neuroprotection elicited by linopirdine or XE991.We propose that Na+channel activation amplifies the membrane depolarization produced by M channel blockade and is essential for subsequent Ca2+entry via the L-type Ca2+channel. The interaction of these three classes of ion channels highlights an integrated anti-apoptosis mechanism in sympathetic neurons.
Naturaleza y exigibilidad de los derechos recogidos en los Estatutos de Autonomía
Authors: Jove Villares Daniel 
Published: April 2018

En la primera década del siglo XXI algunas Comunidades Autónomas, en el marco de los procesos de reforma de sus Estatutos de Autonomía, incorporaron a su norma institucional básica declaraciones de derechos. Resulta determinante conocer cuál es la naturaleza jurídica de dichos derechos en la medida en que la subjetividad, o no, de los mismos va a tener importantes consecuencias para el acervo jurídico de los ciudadanos. Así, en esta primera parte se aborda el estudio de las cartas de derechos autonómicas, atendiendo para ello a cómo han sido formuladas así como al grado de concreción con que cada derecho ha sido enunciado. Se reserva para un segundo artículo el análisis de la exigibilidad que tales proclamaciones puedan tener, aspecto que será fundamental a la hora de valorar las consecuencias que para los ciudadanos han tenido las reformas estatutarias en lo que a protección de sus derechos se refiere.
As raízes populares na produção literária infantil e seus impactos no leitor: análise da obra "Contos de enganar a morte", de Ricardo Azevedo
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvão Ribeiro , Bulhões Ricardo Magalhães 
Published: April 2018

Tem-se por objetivo neste texto apresentar uma possibilidade de leitura da obra Contos de enganar a morte (2003), de Ricardo Azevedo, na qual se considera o papel do leitor e da linguagem híbrida, resultante da junção de dois discursos: o literário e o da tradição popular. Para a consecução do objetivo, pretende-se apresentar uma reflexão fundamentada pela estética da recepção acerca do que propicia o prazer na leitura e quais elementos determinam o papel do leitor implícito. Constrói-se, neste texto, a hipótese de que a estratégia do escritor em resgatar a cultura, pela apresentação de contos breves e cômicos, retirados do imaginário popular, tanto permite ao seu leitor contato com um texto atraente e lúdico, quanto lhe faculta a ampliação de conhecimentos e de conceitos prévios, por meio do emprego da memória. Norteia a análise dessa obra,a concepção de que a leitura literária pode atuar como fator de valoração da identidade do jovem leitor, pois por meio dela, ele é capaz de elevar sua autoestima, pois se reconhece como herdeiro de um patrimônio cultural, além de servir como instrumento de reflexão acerca de questões que inquietam e amedrontam a criança, como a morte. Justamente, por isso, o texto literário atua como instrumento de emancipação pessoal e de formação do leitor.
Inpatient Quality Improvement Interventions for Asthma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Parikh Kavita , Keller Susan , Ralston Shawn 
Published: April 2018

CONTEXT:
Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric asthma, health care utilization remains high.

OBJECTIVE:
Systematically review the inpatient literature on asthma quality improvement (QI) and synthesize impact on subsequent health care utilization.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (January 1, 1991–November 16, 2016) and bibliographies of retrieved articles.

STUDY SELECTION:
Interventional studies in English of inpatient-initiated asthma QI work.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Studies were categorized by intervention type and outcome. Random-effects models were used to generate pooled risk ratios for health care utilization outcomes after inpatient QI interventions.

RESULTS:
Thirty articles met inclusion criteria and 12 provided data on health care reutilization outcomes. Risk ratios for emergency department revisits were: 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–14.47) &lt;30 days, 1.70 (95% CI: 0.67–4.29) for 30 days to 6 months, and 1.22 (95% CI: 0.52–2.85) for 6 months to 1 year. Risk ratios for readmissions were: 2.02 (95% CI: 0.73–5.61) for &lt;30 days, 1.68 (95% CI: 0.88–3.19) for 30 days to 6 months, and 1.27 (95% CI 0.85–1.90) for 6 months to 1 year. Subanalysis of multimodal interventions suggested lower readmission rates (risk ratio: 1.49 [95% CI: 1.17–1.89] over a period of 30 days to 1 year after the index admission). Subanalysis of education and discharge planning interventions did not show effect.

LIMITATIONS:
Linkages between intervention and outcome are complicated by the multimodal approach to QI in most studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not identify any inpatient strategies impacting health care reutilization within 30 days of index hospitalization. Multimodal interventions demonstrated impact over the longer interval.
Biodiversity and dynamics of plant groups of Chebket El Melhassa region (Algeria)
Authors: Maamar B. , Nouar B. , Soudani L. , Maatoug M. , Azzaoui M. , Kharytonov M. , Wiche O. , Zhukov O. 
Published: April 2018

This article examines phytoecological aspects of plant groups in the Chebket El Melhassa region (Tiaret-Ouest Algérien) by several types of analysis: biological, biogeographic and statistical. From the plant analysis, a list of 103 taxa distributed in 36 families was compiled, biologically characterized by a dominance of therophytes (45.6%) with species of the Mediterranean biogeographic type 20 species (19.8%) assuming particular importance. The ordination of the plant community was performed in the search for the optimum solution based on correlation with environmental factors, estimated using the phytoindication approach. The results reveal that the plants represented in the community, mostly prefer strongly lit places. Phytoindication shows a warm sub Mediterranean climate. Continentality corresponds to the sub-oceanic climate. The moisture regime ranges from strongly dry to dry soil. The plant community is formed on moderately acid soils. Plants are able to grow on both strongly acidic and neutral soils. The soil is very poor or poor in nitrogen. A four dimension variant of multidimensional scaling procedure was selected as the most appropriate decision. Dimensions selected after nonmetric multidimensional scaling were interpreted by computing weighted average scores of ecological factors for ordination configuration. Four of the plant species clusters were found to be the optimal solution on the basis of the Calinsky-Harabasz criteria. The clusters can be viewed as a functional group. Functional group A is quite diverse and represented by 42 species. This functional group is closest to the community optimum because in all four space dimensions the corresponding cluster is near the origin, which corresponds to the most typical ecological conditions. Species that constitute the group B prefer minimum values of dimension 2. This indicates a preference for illuminated sites with high temperature regime and low soil humidity. This group includes 32 species. A feature of group С is that it is located in the area of maximum values for dimension 2. Thus, this functional group is opposite to functional group B. This indicates a preference of species included in the functional group C for wetter soils. Functional group C comprises 21 species. Functional group D differs considerably from all others in its ecological characteristics. The difference is in the preference for minimum values for measurement 1. This suggests that more acid soils are optimal for a given functional group. Functional group E comprises 8 species.
Construindo séries de TV complexas: a concepção diegética de Westworld
Authors: Anaz Sílvio Antonio Luiz 
Published: April 2018

A nova era de ouro da televisão caracteriza-se principalmente por séries dramáticas intrincadas, com múltiplas tramas, temas áridos, diegese não convencional e produção com recursos técnicos, humanos (elencos, roteiristas, diretores, produtores) e orçamentários comparáveis às grandes produções do cinema. Por meio da análise da série Westworld (HBO, 2016), este artigo examina o contexto de sua produção e aspectos estruturantes da narrativa para entender como que os criadores construíram sua complexidade. Para tanto, a análise recorre aos estudos de Mittell sobre complexidade narrativa na TV e às reflexões sobre a imaginação de Bachelard e Durand. A conclusão é que a complexidade em Westworld é construída, entre outras estratégias, a partir de intrincadas concepções temporais e espaciais em sua diegese.
Crise reputacional e comunicação de marca: a estratégia da Odebrecht para “lavar” a sua imagem
Authors: Bueno Wilson Da Costa 
Published: April 2018

Muitas empresas têm desenvolvido esforço permanente no sentido de dar visibilidade às suas marcas, valendo-se de estratégias ou técnicas que afrontam a ética e a transparência. A comunicação de marca, nesse caso, assume um tom ao mesmo tempo grandiloquente, de auto-elogio, e quase sempre falso , que subestima a capacidade dos cidadãos de identificarem as intenções ocultas em seu discurso. O artigo discute algumas estratégias contemporâneas da comunicação de marca, com foco nas ações desenvolvidas pelo grupo Odebrecht para “lavar” a sua marca e, desta forma, resgatar a sua reputação degradada por posturas não éticas reveladas pela Operação Lava-Jato. É possível destacar, entre estas ações, o uso de vídeos institucionais, do marketing de conteúdo em veículos da grande imprensa e a mudança dos nomes e logotipos das empresas do Grupo.
Comprehensive Computed Tomography Radiomics Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma for Prognostication
Authors: Lee Geewon , Park Hyunjin , Sohn Insuk , Lee Seung-Hak , Song So Hee , Kim Hyeseung , Lee Kyung Soo , Shim Young Mog , Lee Ho Yun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
In this era of personalized medicine, there is an expanded demand for advanced imaging biomarkers that reflect the biology of the whole tumor. Therefore, we investigated a large number of computed tomography-derived radiomics features along with demographics and pathology-related variables in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, correlating them with overall survival.

Materials and Methods
Three hundred thirty-nine patients who underwent operation for lung adenocarcinoma were included. Analysis was performed using 161 radiomics features, demographic, and pathologic variables and correlated each with patient survival. Prognostic performance for survival was compared among three models: (a) using only clinicopathological data; (b) using only selected radiomics features; and (c) using both clinicopathological data and selected radiomics features.

Results
At multivariate analysis, age, pN, tumor size, type of operation, histologic grade, maximum value of the outer 1/3 of the tumor, and size zone variance were statistically significant variables. In particular, maximum value of outer 1/3 of the tumor reflected tumor microenvironment, and size zone variance represented intratumor heterogeneity. Integration of 31 selected radiomics features with clinicopathological variables led to better discrimination performance.

Conclusion
Radiomics approach in lung adenocarcinoma enables utilization of the full potential of medical imaging and has potential to improve prognosis assessment in clinical oncology.

Implications for Practice
Two radiomics features were prognostic for lung cancer survival at multivariate analysis: (a) maximum value of the outer one third of the tumor reflects the tumor microenvironment and (b) size zone variance represents the intratumor heterogeneity. Therefore, a radiomics approach in lung adenocarcinoma enables utilization of the full potential of medical imaging and could play a larger role in clinical oncology.
Hybrid Capture-Based Tumor Sequencing and Copy Number Analysis to Confirm Origin of Metachronous Metastases in BRCA1-Mutant Cholangiocarcinoma Harboring a Novel YWHAZ-BRAF Fusion
Authors: Lim Huat C. , Montesion Meagan , Botton Thomas , Collisson Eric A. , Umetsu Sarah E. , Behr Spencer C. , Gordan John D. , Stephens Phil J. , Kelley Robin K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Biliary tract cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma represent a heterogeneous group of cancers that can be difficult to diagnose. Recent comprehensive genomic analyses in large cholangiocarcinoma cohorts have defined important molecular subgroups within cholangiocarcinoma that may relate to anatomic location and etiology [1-4] and may predict responsiveness to targeted therapies in development [5-7]. These emerging data highlight the potential for tumor genomics to inform diagnosis and treatment options in this challenging tumor type. We report the case of a patient with a germline BRCA1 mutation who presented with a cholangiocarcinoma driven by the novel YWHAZ-BRAF fusion. Hybrid capture-based DNA sequencing and copy number analysis performed as part of clinical care demonstrated that two later-occurring tumors were clonally derived from the primary cholangiocarcinoma rather than distinct new primaries, revealing an unusual pattern of late metachronous metastasis. We discuss the clinical significance of these genetic alterations and their relevance to therapeutic strategies.

Key Points
Hybrid capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing assays can provide diagnostic clarity in patients with unusual patterns of metastasis and recurrence in which the pathologic diagnosis is ambiguous. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a YWHAZ-BRAF fusion in pancreaticobiliary cancer, and a very rare case of cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of a germline BRCA1 mutation. The patient's BRCA1 mutation and YWHAZ-BRAF fusion constitute potential targets for future therapy.