bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconium Oxycarbide: A Highly Stable Catalyst Material for Electrochemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Shakibi Nia Niusha , Hauser Daniel , Schlicker Lukas , Gili Albert , Doran Andrew , Gurlo Aleksander , Penner Simon , Kunze‐Liebhäuser Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal carbides and oxycarbides have recently gained considerable interest due to their (electro)catalytic properties that differ from those of transition metals and that have potential to outperform them as well. The stability of zirconium oxycarbide nanopowders (ZrO0.31C0.69), synthesized via a hybrid solid‐liquid route, is investigated in different gas atmospheres from room temperature to 800 °C by using in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and in‐situ electrical impedance spectroscopy. To feature the properties of a structurally stable Zr oxycarbide with high oxygen content, a stoichiometry of ZrO0.31C0.69 has been selected. ZrO0.31C0.69 is stable in reducing gases with only minor amounts of tetragonal ZrO2 being formed at high temperatures, whereas it decomposes in CO2 and O2 gas atmosphere. From online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) onset potential is determined at −0.4 VRHE. CO2 formation is detected at potentials as positive as 1.9 VRHE as ZrO0.31C0.69 decomposition product, and oxygen is anodically formed at 2.5 VRHE, which shows the high electrochemical stability of this material in acidic electrolyte. This peopwery makes the material suited for electrocatalytic reactions at anodic potentials, such as CO and alcohol oxidation reactions, in general.
Severe Hyponatremia Is Often Drug Induced: 10‐Year Results of a Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program
Authors: Ramírez Elena , Rodríguez Amelia , Queiruga Javier , García Irene , Díaz Lucía , Martínez Lucía , Muñoz Raúl , Muñoz Mario , Tong Hoi Y. , Martínez José Carlos , Borobia Alberto M. , Carcas Antonio J. , Frías Jesús 
Published: June 2019

We conducted a prospective evaluation of drug‐induced severe hyponatremia (adverse drug reaction (ADR)) through the Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program from Laboratory Signals at Hospital over a period of 10 years. Cases of serum sodium (Na(s)) < 116 mM were recorded from July 2007 to June 2017 (first period). Also cases of Na(s) 116–122 mM were recorded from July 2012 to June 2017 (second period). Drugs were the primary cause of severe hyponatremia. The incidence rate of Na(s) < 116 mM by drugs was increased threefold over the decade. Compared with other causes of hyponatremia, patients with adverse drug reaction–serum sodium (ADR‐Na(s)) in the first period were older (79 years (interquartile range (IQR) 68.6–89 vs. 65 years (IQR 48–81); P < 0.001) and were more often women (70.8% vs. 48.9% men, P < 0.001); in the second period were also older (79 years (IQR 65.3–89) vs. 63 years (IQR 46–80.6); P < 0.001) and were more often women (70% vs. 53%, P = 0.002), and ADR‐Na(s) occurred more often in summer. The most frequent therapeutic groups of culprit drugs were the cardiovascular system and nervous system. The 65.3% in the first period and 71.2% in the second period of the ADR‐Na(s) cases responded to hydration and had been diagnosed with hypovolemic hyponatremia.
Effects of livestock grazing on soil, plant functional diversity, and ecological traits vary between regions with different climates in northeastern Iran
Authors: Rahmanian Soroor , Hejda Martin , Ejtehadi Hamid , Farzam Mohammad , Memariani Farshid , Pyšek Petr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the responses of vegetation characteristics and soil properties to grazing in different precipitation regimes is useful for the management of rangelands, especially in the arid regions. In northeastern Iran, we studied the responses of vegetation to livestock grazing in three regions with different climates: arid, semiarid, and subhumid. In each region, we selected 6–7 pairwise sampling areas of high versus low grazing intensity and six traits of the present species were recorded on 1 m2 plots—five grazed and five ungrazed in each area. The overall fertility was compared using the dissimilarity analysis, and linear mixed‐effect models were used to compare the individual fertility parameters, functional diversity indices, and species traits between the plots with high and low grazing intensity and between the climatic regions. Both climate and grazing, as well as their interaction, affected fertility parameters, functional diversity indices, and the representation of species traits. Grazing reduced functional evenness, height of the community, the representation of annuals, but increased the community leaf area. In the subhumid region, grazing also reduced functional richness. Further, grazing decreased the share of annual species in the semiarid region and seed mass in the arid region. Larger leaf area and seed mass, smaller height and lower share of annuals were associated with intensive grazing. Species with large LA and seed mass, lower height and perennials can be therefore presumed to tolerate trampling and benefit from high nutrient levels, associated with intensive grazing. By providing a detailed view on the impacts of overgrazing, this study highlights the importance of protection from grazing as an effective management tool for maintaining the pastoral ecosystems. In general, the composition of plant traits across the pastures of northeastern Iran was more affected by intensive grazing than by the differences in climate.
Distinct mechanisms of hypoglycaemia in patients with somatostatin‐secreting neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Wiesli Peter , Pavlicek Vojtech , Brändle Michael , Pfammatter Thomas , Perren Aurel , Schmid Christoph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionSomatostatin‐secreting neuroendocrine tumours may present with diabetes, cholelithiasis and steatorrhoea. In addition, hypoglycaemia has been associated with somatostatinomas. However, the mechanism of hypoglycaemia in patients with somatostatinomas has not been well characterized.MethodsWe describe two patients with recurrent neuroglycopenic episodes caused by somatostatin‐secreting neuroendocrine tumours in the liver, detected by abdominal CTs and whole‐body octreotide scintigraphy scans and confirmed by biopsy.ResultsPancreatic islet hyperplasia and co‐secretion of insulin (in addition to somatostatin) from tumour cells, respectively, have been characterized as completely distinct mechanisms of hypoglycaemia at both the functional and morphological levels in these two patients.ConclusionsHypoglycaemia may be caused by different mechanisms in patients with somatostatinomas.
Accuracy of the short‐form Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Systematic review and validation
Authors: McDicken Jennifer A. , Elliott Emma , Blayney Gareth , Makin Stephen , Ali Myzoon , Larner Andrew J. , Quinn Terence J. ,   on behalf of the VISTA‐Cognition Collaborators
Published: June 2019

IntroductionShort‐form versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (SF‐MoCA) are increasingly used to screen for dementia in research and practice. We sought to collate evidence on the accuracy of SF‐MoCAs and to externally validate these assessment tools.MethodsWe performed systematic literature searching across multidisciplinary electronic literature databases, collating information on the content and accuracy of all published SF‐MoCAs. We then validated all the SF‐MoCAs against clinical diagnosis using independent stroke (n = 787) and memory clinic (n = 410) data sets.ResultsWe identified 13 different SF‐MoCAs (21 studies, n = 6477 participants) with differing test content and properties. There was a pattern of high sensitivity across the range of SF‐MoCA tests. In the published literature, for detection of post stroke cognitive impairment, median sensitivity across included studies: 0.88 (range: 0.70‐1.00); specificity: 0.70 (0.39‐0.92). In our independent validation using stroke data, median sensitivity: 0.99 (0.80‐1.00); specificity: 0.40 (0.14‐0.87). To detect dementia in older adults, median sensitivity: 0.88 (0.62‐0.98); median specificity: 0.87 (0.07‐0.98) in the literature and median sensitivity: 0.96 (range: 0.72‐1.00); median specificity: 0.36 (0.14‐0.86) in our validation. Horton's SF‐MoCA (delayed recall, serial subtraction, and orientation) had the most favorable properties in stroke (sensitivity: 0.90, specificity: 0.87, positive predictive value [PPV]: 0.55, and negative predictive value [NPV]: 0.93), whereas Cecato's “MoCA reduced” (clock draw, animal naming, delayed recall, and orientation) performed better in the memory clinic (sensitivity: 0.72, specificity: 0.86, PPV: 0.55, and NPV: 0.93).ConclusionsThere are many published SF‐MoCAs. Clinicians and researchers using a SF‐MoCA should be explicit about the content. For all SF‐MoCA, sensitivity is high and similar to the full scale suggesting potential utility as an initial cognitive screening tool. However, choice of SF‐MoCA should be informed by the clinical population to be studied.
Hall current effect on the peristaltic motion of synovial nanofluid with magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Hasona Wahed M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of magnetic field on peristaltic flow of synovial nanofluid in an asymmetric channel. Hall current, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion effects are taken into account. Our problem is discussed for two models, in the first model which referred as Model (I), viscosity is considered exponentially dependent on the concentration, and Model (II) Shear thinning index is considered function of concentration. The governing problem is reformulated under the assumption of low Reynolds number and high wavelength. Resulting system of equations are solved numerically with the aid of Parametric ND Solve. Detailed comparisons have been made between Model (I) and Model (II) and found unrealistic results between them. Results for velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions as well as pressure gradient and pressure rise are offered graphically for different values of various physical parameters. It is found that the velocity of fluid decreases in semi‐curved lines in case of Model (I) with the increase of while, in Model (II) it decreases in the left side of the channel and increases in the right side of that channel. Such models are applicable to rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
CONTRAD 70, AN EFFECTIVE SOFTENER OF HERBARIUM MATERIAL FOR ANATOMICAL STUDY
Authors: Schmid Rudolf , Turner Melvin D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDried plant material can be prepared for anatomical (or general taxonomic) study by soaking it in a 2% to 5% aqueous solution of Contrad 70 until adequate expansion of the tissue is achieved (this occurring in one to several hours). Advantages of Contrad 70 over Aerosol OT (Ayensu 1967) include: more rapid and effective expansion of tissue, better appearance of sectioned tissue due to removal of slight amounts of obfuscating tannins, and easier microtoming of material due to Contrad's greater softening ability. Contrad has no or very little effect on cutin, starch, crystals, tannins, and secretory compounds.
CONVENIENT METHOD FOR STUDYING GRASS LEAF EPIDERMIS
Authors: Hilu Khidir W. , Randall John L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLeaf epidermis of grasses is structurally elaborate and quite important in modern systematics of the Poaceae. Available techniques used in preparing leaf epidermis for microscopic studies are time‐consuming and do not always produce adequate preparations. A simple and convenient technique is proposed in this paper which requires the application of a film of clear nail polish directly to the leaf surface. The impressions left on the polish film after drying produce an excellent detailed image of the epidermis. This technique is also applicable to other plant families.
A RECIRCUMSCRIPTION OF THE PHORMIACEAE AGARDH
Authors: Henderson R. F. J. , Clifford H. T. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFamily Phormiaceae is redefined to include only Dianella Lam. ex Juss., Rhuacophila Blume, Stypandra R. Br. and Excremis Willd. ex J. Schultes besides Phormium J. R. & G. Forster. It is thereby a homogeneous, predominantly southern hemisphere family.
TYPIFICATION OF GEASTRUM PERS.: PERS. AND ITS ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIANT GEASTER (GASTEROMYCETES)
Authors: Demoulin V. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe status of Geaster and Geastrum and their typification is examined at the light of modifications adopted in the ICBN in 1981. It is concluded Geaster is to be treated as an orthographic variant of Geastrum. This name is typified by the plate XLVI of Schmidel, that is the type of both G. multifidum Pers. (name to be used for designating the type) and its superfluous but sanctioned synonym G. coronatum Pers.: Pers. (name formerly used for the type designation).
Index hepaticarum supplementum: 1986–1987
Authors: Engel John J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEngel, J. J.: Index hepaticarum supplementum: 1986–1987. — Taxon 42: 373–391. 1993. ‐ISSN 0040–0262.In this Supplement, there are references to 173 new taxa, 67 new combinations (including changes in rank), and 4 new names.
Lichen collections in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Rogers R. W. , Guymer G. P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRogers, R. W. & Guymer, G. P.: Lichen collections in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. – Taxon 42: 719–721. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The lichen collection from the University of Queensland Herbarium (BRIU) has been consolidated with that in the Queensland Herbarium (BRI). The collection numbers over 20,000 packages, and is rich in tropical and subtropical material. Types collected by Shirley and Bailey and described by Stirton, Müller Argoviensis, and Shirley are to be found in the collection.
U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium (NA)
Authors: Mazzeo P. M. , Dudley T. R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMazzeo, P. M. & Dudley, T. R.: U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium (NA). – Taxon 42: 727. 1993.‐ISSN 0040‐0262.This article updates information on the U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium (NA).
Pilot feasibility study of in vivo intraoperative quantitative optical coherence tomography of human brain tissue during glioma resection
Authors: Almasian Mitra , Wilk Leah S. , Bloemen Paul R. , van Leeuwen Ton G , ter Laan Mark , Aalders Maurice C. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the feasibility of in vivo quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) of human brain tissue during glioma resection surgery in six patients. High‐resolution detection of glioma tissue may allow precise and thorough tumor resection while preserving functional brain areas, and improving overall survival. In this study, in vivo 3D OCT datasets were collected during standard surgical procedure, before and after partial resection of the tumor, both from glioma tissue and normal parenchyma. Subsequently, the attenuation coefficient was extracted from the OCT datasets using an automated and validated algorithm. The cortical measurements yield a mean attenuation coefficient of 3.8 ± 1.2 mm−1 for normal brain tissue and 3.6 ± 1.1 mm−1 for glioma tissue. The subcortical measurements yield a mean attenuation coefficient of 5.7 ± 2.1 and 4.5 ± 1.6 mm−1 for, respectively, normal brain tissue and glioma. Although the results are inconclusive with respect to trends in attenuation coefficient between normal and glioma tissue due to the small sample size, the results are in the range of previously reported values. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed method for quantitative in vivo OCT of human brain tissue is feasible during glioma resection surgery.
Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism
Authors: Brazill Jennifer M , Beeve Alec T , Craft Clarissa S , Ivanusic Jason J , Scheller Erica L 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype‐specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti‐nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1 as potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers in patients with obstructive coronary artery: A weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Mo Xian‐Gang , Liu Wei , Yang Yao , Imani Saber , Lu Shan , Dan Guorong , Nie Xuqiang , Yan Jun , Zhan Rixing , Li Xiaohui , Deng Youcai , Chen Bingbo , Cai Yue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aims to explore the predictive noninvasive biomarker for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). By using the data set GSE90074, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein–protein interactive network, construction of differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was conducted to identify the most significant gene clusters associated with obstructive CAD. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to predicate the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker candidates in the detection of obstructive CAD. Furthermore, functional prediction of candidate gene biomarkers was further confirmed in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients or stable CAD patients by using the datasets of GSE62646 and GSE59867. We found that the blue module discriminated by WGCNA contained 13 hub‐genes that could be independent risk factors for obstructive CAD (P < .05). Among these 13 hub‐genes, a four‐gene signature including neutrophil cytosol factor 2 (NCF2, P = .025), myosin‐If (MYO1F, P = .001), sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4, P = .015), and ficolin‐1 (FCN1, P = .012) alone or combined with two risk factors (male sex and hyperlipidemia) may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers in obstructive CAD. Furthermore, the messenger RNA levels of NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1 were higher in STEMI patients than that in stable CAD patients, although S1PR4 showed no statistical difference (P > .05). This four‐gene signature could also act as a prognostic biomarker to discriminate STEMI patients from stable CAD patients. These findings suggest a four‐gene signature (NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1) alone or combined with two risk factors (male sex and hyperlipidemia) as a promising prognostic biomarker in the diagnosis of STEMI. Well‐designed cohort studies should be implemented to warrant the diagnostic value of these genes in clinical purpose.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Yao Yujie , Hu Xueyuan , Feng Xiujing , Zhao Yuan , Song Manyu , Wang Chaoran , Fan Honggang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDexmedetomidine (DEX) prevents kidney damage caused by sepsis, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study, the protective molecular mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute kidney injury was investigated and its potential pharmacological targets from the perspective of inhibiting oxidative stress damage and the nucleotide‐binding domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Intraperitoneal injection of DEX (30 μg/kg) significantly improved LPS (10 mg/kg) induced renal pathological damage and renal dysfunction. DEX also ameliorated oxidative stress damage by reducing the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and increasing the level of glutathione, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation and I‐kappa B (IκB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome‐associated protein and downstream IL‐18 and IL‐1β. The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase‐4 (NOX4), NF‐κB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Their expressions were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry, yielding results were consistent with the results of mRNA and protein detection. Interestingly, the protective effects of DEX were reversed by atipamezole‐an alpha 2 adrenal receptor (α2AR) inhibitor, whereas idazoxan‐an imidazoline receptor (IR) inhibitor failed to reverse this change. In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS‐induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF‐κB pathway, mainly acting on the α2AR rather than IR.
MicroRNA‐488‐3p inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting ZBTB2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yi , Li He , He Zhifeng , Xie Deyao , Ni Jiangwei , Lin Xiaoming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause for cancer‐associated mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly reported to exert important regulatory functions in human cancers by regulating certain gene expression. miR‐488‐3p has been identified to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, but its role in ESCC is yet to be investigated. The present study aimed to uncover the biological role and modulatory mechanism of miR‐488‐3p in ESCC. We first revealed the downregulation of miR‐488‐3p in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Gain‐of‐function assays confirmed that miR‐488‐3p overexpression abrogated proliferation and accelerated apoptosis. Mechanistically, we identified via bioinformatics tool and confirmed that zinc finger and BTB domain containing 2 (ZBTB2) was a target for miR‐488‐3p. Moreover, miR‐488‐3p activated the p53 pathway through suppressing ZBTB2. Finally, rescue assays proved that ZBTB2 was involved in the regulation of miR‐488‐3p on proliferation and apoptosis in ESCC. Additionally, we verified that miR‐488‐3p had alternate targets in ESCC by confirming the involvement of protein kinase, DNA‐activated, catalytic subunit (PRKDC), a known target for miR‐488‐3p, in miR‐488‐3p‐mediated regulation on ESCC. In sum, this study revealed that miR‐488‐3p inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by targeting ZBTB2 and activating p53 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, providing a novel biological target for ESCC.