bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Patient With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Aharoni Golan Maya , Weisshof Roni , Wang Yunwei , Rubin David T. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
There are limited data on the natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) in the presence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the safety of available treatments. We report a patient with CD who presented with pneumocystis pneumonia secondary to newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One month before his admission, his gastrointestinal symptoms were well controlled without treatment but gradually reappeared after antiretroviral therapy was initiated. Clinical remission was achieved with vedolizumab treatment. We review the management challenges of CD in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and describe the unique mechanism of anti-α4β7 integrin therapy in this setting.
Breast Metastasis From a Combined Hepatocellular–Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Silva Marco , Coelho Rosa , Rios Elisabete , Gomes Sara , Carneiro Fátima , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a unique entity that contains mixed elements of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. We report a 62-year-old woman with alcoholic cirrhosis with elevated α-fetoprotein of 25.3 ng/mL. Abdominal computed tomography showed a poorly defined subcapsular nodular lesion in the VIII segment, showing enhancement during the arterial phase and washout in the delayed phase. Histological examination of hepatic segmentectomy revealed a malignant epithelial neoplasia constituted by 2 distinct components, consistent with the diagnosis of cHCC-CC, classical type. One year after surgical resection, the patient noticed a nodule in the right breast. Histological examination of core needle biopsy was compatible with a metastasis in the breast of the previously diagnosed liver cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of breast metastases from a cHCC-CC, denoting disseminated metastatic disease and poor prognosis.
An Obstructing Fecal Bezoar in a Patient with Scleroderma with Successful Colonoscopic Disimpaction
Authors: Sarnoff Rachel , Girmay Blen , Bhakta Dimpal , Mocharla Robert , Williams Renee 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Scleroderma (SSc) is a disease caused by collagen deposition resulting in fibrosis within multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and heart. We report a rare case of a patient with diffuse SSc who presented with a large bowel obstruction from a fecal bezoar impaction. The bezoar was successfully removed using colonoscopy after lavage, cold forceps, balloon dilator, and cap-assisted disimpaction. We demonstrate that patients with SSc are at risk for bezoar formation and true mechanical obstruction in the lower gastrointestinal tract, which may require more aggressive endoscopic treatment if conservative measures fail.
Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in People With Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection and Child-Pugh Class B Cirrhosis: The C-SALT Study
Authors: Jacobson Ira M. , Poordad Fred , Firpi-Morell Roberto , Everson Gregory T. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Bhanja Sanhita , Hwang Peggy , Caro Luzelena , Robertson Michael , Charles Edgar D. , Platt Heather ,   on behalf of the C-SALT Investigators
Published: April 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Treatment options are limited for people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with decompensated liver disease. The C-SALT study assessed elbasvir (EBR) plus grazoprevir (GZR) in individuals with HCV genotype 1 infection and Child-Pugh class B (CP-B) cirrhosis.

METHODS:
In this 12-week, phase 2, nonrandomized, open-label study (NCT02115321; Protocol MK-5172-059), participants with CP-B cirrhosis received EBR 50 mg plus GZR 50 mg once daily, and a control group of noncirrhotic participants received EBR 50 mg plus GZR 100 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of therapy.

RESULTS:
Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy was achieved by 27/30 (90.0%) CP-B participants and 10/10 (100.0%) noncirrhotic participants. Two participants relapsed, and one died during follow-up after having undetectable HCV RNA at the end of treatment. Most CP-B participants had stable or improved model for end-stage liver disease and Child-Pugh scores at follow-up week 12 compared with baseline. There was no significant difference in drug exposure between groups, despite the differing GZR dose. Adverse events occurring in >10% of participants were fatigue (CP-B: 30.0%; noncirrhotic: 30.0%), arthralgia (16.7%; 20.0%), nausea (10.0%; 20.0%), and headache (10.0%; 50.0%). No serious treatment-related adverse events or hepatic events of clinical interest occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
EBR 50 mg plus GZR 50 mg once daily for 12 weeks was highly effective and well tolerated in a traditionally hard-to-treat population.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:
Although EBR plus reduced-dose GZR is not available for people with CP-B cirrhosis, these results complement phase 2/3 trial data and real-world experience with EBR/GZR.
Development and Validation of Confocal Endomicroscopy Diagnostic Criteria for Low-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: di Pietro Massimiliano , Bertani Helga , O'Donovan Maria , Santos Patricia , Alastal Hani , Phillips Richard , Ortiz-Fernández-Sordo Jacobo , Iacucci Marietta , Modolell Ines , Reggiani Bonetti Luca , Ragunath Krish , Wernisch Lorenz 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in Barrett's esophagus (BE) is generally inconspicuous on conventional and magnified endoscopy. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides insight into gastro-intestinal mucosa at cellular resolution. We aimed to identify endomicroscopic features and develop pCLE diagnostic criteria for BE-related LGD.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective study on pCLE videos generated in 2 prospective studies. In phase I, 2 investigators assessed 30 videos to identify LGD endomicroscopic features, which were then validated in an independent video set (n = 25). Criteria with average accuracy >80% and interobserver agreement κ > 0.4 were taken forward. In phase II, 6 endoscopists evaluated the criteria in an independent video set (n = 57). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to find the best cutoff. Sensitivity, specificity, interobserver, and intraobserver agreements were calculated.

RESULTS:
In phase I, 6 out of 8 criteria achieved the agreement and accuracy thresholds (i) dark nonround glands, (ii) irregular gland shape, (iii) lack of goblet cells, (iv) sharp cutoff of darkness, (v) variable cell size, and (vi) cellular stratification. The best cutoff for LGD diagnosis was 3 out of 6 positive criteria. In phase II, the diagnostic criteria had a sensitivity and specificity for LGD of 81.9% and 74.6%, respectively, with an area under receiver operating characteristic of 0.888. The interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.654), and the mean intraobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.590).

CONCLUSIONS:
We have generated and validated pCLE criteria for LGD in BE. Using these criteria, pCLE diagnosis of LGD is reproducible and has a substantial interobserver agreement.
A Novel, Duodenal-Release Formulation of a Combination of Caraway Oil and L-Menthol for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chey William D. , Lacy Brian E. , Cash Brooks D. , Epstein Michael , Corsino Patrick E. , Shah Syed M. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which evaluated a novel formulation of caraway oil and L-menthol using microsphere-based site-specific targeting (COLM-SST) vs placebo in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).

METHODS:
Adult men and women with FD defined by Rome III criteria were recruited. Patients were randomized to COLM-SST (25 mg of caraway oil and 20.75 mg of L-menthol per capsule, at 2 capsules per dose, twice per day) or placebo. Efficacy was measured at 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Patients were allowed to take concomitant medications for their FD throughout the trial, and rescue medicines were allowed, 48 hours after start of dosing.

RESULTS:
Ninety-five patients were enrolled (mean age = 43.4 years; 75.8% women). At 24 hours, the active arm reported a statistically significant reduction in postprandial distress syndrome symptoms (P = 0.039), and a nonsignificant trend toward benefit of epigastric pain syndrome symptoms (P = 0.074). In patients with more severe symptoms, approximately 3 quarters of patients showed substantial global improvement (i.e., clinical global impressions), after 4 weeks of treatment, vs half in the control arm. These differences were statistically significant for patients with epigastric pain syndrome (P = 0.046), and trending toward significance for patients with postprandial distress syndrome (P = 0.091). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for Global Overall Symptom scores for the overall population at 2 and 4 weeks. Treatment emergent adverse events were mild to moderate, and no serious adverse events were reported.

DISCUSSION:
In patients taking their usual medications for FD, COLM-SST provided rapid relief (within 24 hours) and relief of severe FD symptoms. It was safe and well tolerated.
Linguistic and cognitive representation of time and viewpoint in narrative discourse
Authors: van Krieken Kobie , Sanders José , Sweetser Eve 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue on time and viewpoint in narrative discourse, we highlight the central contributions of the issue concerning the relation between the linguistic construal and cognitive representation of time and viewpoint. We explain how linguistic and gestural cues guide the representation of narrative time progression and argue that this representation involves various cognitive operations regulating the alignment between the viewpoints of narrator, addressee, and narrative characters. These operations are steered by a variety of linguistic phenomena, including verb tense, adverbs, demonstratives, reduplication and negation, as well as body partitioning. We discuss how genre characteristics influence the relation between the linguistic and cognitive representation of time and viewpoint. Finally, we explain how the analyses presented in the various papers both demonstrate and clarify how the cognitive representation of time in narrative discourse relies on the human capacity to simultaneously manage multiple viewpoints, leading to the conclusion that time and viewpoint are closely related in the representation of narrative discourse.
The analytical solution of Van der Pol and Lienard differential equations within conformable fractional operator by retarded integral inequalities
Authors: Usta Fuat , Sarıkaya Mehmet Zeki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this study we introduced and tested retarded conformable fractional integral inequalities utilizing non-integer order derivatives and integrals. In line with this purpose, we used the Katugampola type conformable fractional calculus which has several practical properties. These inequalities generalize some famous integral inequalities which provide explicit bounds on unknown functions. The results provided here had been implemented to the global existence of solutions to the conformable fractional differential equations with time delay.
The use of ultrasound velocity and damping for the detection of internal structural defects in standing trees of European beech and Norway spruce
Authors: Krajnc Luka , Kadunc Aleš , Straže Aleš 
Published: April 2019

AbstractField measurements were carried out to assess the feasibility of ultrasound velocity and damping for the non-invasive testing of standing trees. A total of 87 trees of European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) and 68 trees of Norway spruce (Picea abiesKarst.) were measured in the field, felled and assessed individually for the presence of red heartwood or butt rot. The field assessment of these internal structural defects at the stump level (SL) of the trees was compared with the ultrasound measurements recorded at two tree heights [(i.e. at the SL and 0.5 m above the stump level (ASL)] and in several directions, all perpendicular (PP) to the tree stem. Lower ultrasound velocity and higher damping were found in both species with the presence of internal defects in both the radial and tangential directions of the tree stem. The diameter at breast height (DBH) had a varying effect on both ultrasound velocity and damping. A binary logistic regression was used to test the potential of ultrasound velocity and damping to predict the presence of internal defects. Both the approaches offer similar levels of prediction accuracy (0.72 and 0.76 in beech, and 0.83 and 0.82 in spruce). Due to the significant reduction in measuring time when using ultrasound damping only, this principle is recommended for the detection of red heartwood in beech trees and butt rot in spruce trees.
A Comprehensive Induction Machine Model for Multi-Phase Power Flow Studies – Application to Industrial Power Systems and Wind Farms
Authors: Bathini Veerabrahmam , Nagaraja R. , Parthasarathy K. , Thukaram D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the development of three comprehensive static models of a 3-phase induction machine in phase frame of reference for interfacing with multi-phase power flow programs. The models developed are based on specified slip or specified power, either at the rotor shaft or at the terminals of the induction machine. The development of these models also takes into consideration load torque characteristics. The mathematical formulation of these models is based on branch constraint approach instead of the traditional node constraint approach. This facilitates the arbitrary connections of the induction machine, namely wye, wye-grounded, wye-grounded through impedance, and delta. The models are ideally suited for application in the present trend of operating power and distribution networks with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). These models assist in evaluating the performance of wind generators operating under unbalanced system conditions and also in selection of proper phase wise compensation. These static models compute the correct initial operating conditions of induction machines for 3-phase transient stability studies and EMTP-type simulation studies, to evaluate the precise dynamic behaviour of the power system. The procedure for integrating these models in the multi-phase power flow program is also described. The performance of the developed multi-phase power flow program, including static induction machine models, has been evaluated for various power network sizes. The results obtained are verified against the existing literature to clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Nonlinear Effects with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Mohamed Abd El-naser A. , Aboelazm Mohamed B. , Yupapin P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study has presented the nonlinear medium such as passive nonlinear medium like highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) and active nonlinear medium like SOA. The FWM effects have ended up plainly huge at high optical power levels and have become even more meaningful when the capacity of the optical transmission line is increased, which has been reached through decreasing the channel separations. Also, anatomy has been done to analyze the performance of FWM when unequal channel spacing is considered. The outcomes indicate that when unequal channel spacing is used, the power levels of the beat frequency generated due to FWM effect in WDM system was increased to large values, so the performance of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is not enhanced, on the other hand when equal channel separations are used, and at the same bandwidth required to transmit 4 input channels the quality of receiving signal is greater than the system used unequal channel separation. This means that in the WDM system equal channels separation is more efficient than unequal channels separation-based SOA. The simulation is done using 4 channel wave division multiplexing signals at a rate of 10 Gb/s.
Preparation of Transparent N-Zno:Al / P-Cualcro2 Heterojunction Diodeby Sol-Gel Technology
Authors: Shirshneva-Vaschenko E.V. , Sokura L.A. , Shirshnev P.S. , Kirilenko D.A. , Snezhnaia Zh.G. , Bauman D.A. , Bougrov V.E. , Romanov A.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the study of oxide film heterojunction made of CuAlCrO2 and ZnO:Al (AZO) deposited on fused quartz by sol-gel spin coating. Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) analysis has showed that the solvent, which was used to prepare the AZO sol, affects the thickness and planarity of the applied layers and the grain size of the polycrystalline film. The formation of a fine-grained structure of AZO films (grain size is up to 12 nm) leads to the formation of a smoother p-CuAlCrO2 / n-AZO heterojunction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and TEM have revealed that the heterojunction was formed by AZO polycrystals, which orient axes [101] and [100] against the [101] and [006] directions in CuAlCrO2 polycrystals. The optical transmission of the heterojunction in the visible range reached 70 %. The current -voltage (I-V) characteristics of p-CuAlCrO2 / n-AZO corresponds to a diode one in the range from 4 up to 4 V. For the large values of the reverse bias, an increase in the leakage current is observed, which is associated with tunneling breakdown of heterojunction. The ideality factor of fabricated p-CuAlCrO2 / n-AZO heterojunction is more than 2, which indicates the mechanisms of conductivity by defect-levels. In additional, it has been observed the response of the current-voltage characteristics to the green illumination (532 nm) of the diode that is associated with indirect band-gap absorption in CuAlCrO2. The impact of the white LED illumination had no effect on the current-voltage characteristics of the diode.
Structural Organization of Themagnetic Part of Smart Material Based on Nanoparticles of Iron or Magnetite in Pores of Mcm-41 Mesoporous Silica for Target Drug Delivery
Authors: Zemtsova E.G. , Ponomareva A.N. , Arbenin A.Y. , Smirnov V.M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The important stage of the development of smart material for the target drug delivery is the construction of the magnetic part of this material, including mesoporous silica and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4or Fe0). Such a systemwill allow carry outmagnetic decapsulation (excretion) of drug from smart material using the magnetic field of a given value in the right place of the body. The paper considers the features of synthesis mesoporous silica MCM-41 with various pore diameter (33-51 Å) and synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite or metallic iron in the pores of mesoporous silica. The dependence of magnetic properties of nanocomposites MCM-41/Fe0 and MCM-41/Fe3O4 from the pore diameters of MCM-41 templates is studied. It was found that the matrix has a decisive influence on the content of iron or magnetite nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of the material increases with increasing pore size of the mesoporous matrix. Nanocomposites MCM-41/Fe0 and MCM-41/Fe3O4 exhibit superparamagnetism, that allows them to be used as a magnetic material for targeted drug delivery.
The Electron Spin Resonance (Esr) Spectra of Potassium-Alumina-Borate Glass Doped with Copper Ions
Authors: Shirshnev P.S. , Eremina R.M. , Yatsyk I.V. , Snezhnaia Zh.G. , Panov D.I. , Shirshneva-Vaschenko E.V. , Romanov A.E. , Bougrov V.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We investigate electron spin resonance (ESR), absorption, and photoluminescence spectra of potassium-boron copper-containing glasses. In previous works it was found, that the considered glasses demonstrate a red shift of photoluminescence. In present work, we provide an evidence on the formation in glasses specific copper-containing structures that can be responsible for the red shift of photoluminescence “copper” band.
Monolayers of Surfactants Containing Nanoparticles of Hexacyanoferrates of Various Metals
Authors: Stepashkin N.A. , Chernenko M.K. , Khripun V.D. , Ivanov N.S , Sukhodolov N.G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article the possibility of obtaining Langmuir-Blodgett films on the basis of octadecylamine monolayers containing nanoparticles of hexacyanoferrates of various metals was shown. A comparison was made between different methods for obtaining these particles. Nanoparticles were produced using sodium hexametaphosphate as a stabilizer, their average size were determined by laser diffraction. The isotherms of compression were studied for monolayers on a subphase containing nanoparticles. Optimal conditions for the transfer of monolayers to a solid substrate were chosen according to the data obtained and their morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammetry method also confirmed the successful transfer of a monolayer to a solid substrate and showed the manifestation of the electrochemical properties of the obtained substrates.
Hardening by Annealing and Implementation of High Ductility of Ultra-Fine Grained Aluminum: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Orlova T. S. , Skiba N. V. , Mavlyutov A. M. , Murashkin M. Yu. , Valiev R. Z. , Gutkin M. Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The influence of low temperature annealing and subsequent deformation on microstructure, strength and ductility was investigated for the first time for high pressure torsion (HPT) processed commercially pure Al. Extremely high increases in the conventional yield stress (up to 50%) and ultimate tensile strength (up to 30%) were obtained by annealing of the ultrafine grained (UFG) samples in the range 90-200 °C for 1 h. Such increases were accompanied by a sharp drop in ductility up to 1%. Implementation of high ductility at the level of coarse-grained Al, while maintaining high strength of the HPT-processed sample was demonstrated for the first time and achieved by repeating the low temperature annealing followed by subsequent additional HPT deformation. The key role of relaxation of non-equilibrium high-angle grain boundaries (GBs) in the strengthening effect of UFG-Al by annealing is shown. Two theoretical models are suggested to explain the hardening by annealing and the implementation of high ductility in UFG structures. Within the models, plastic deformation occurs through emission of lattice dislocations from triple junctions of GBs containing pile-ups of grain-boundary dislocations, glide of the lattice dislocations across neighboring grains, their accumulation at and climb along the opposite GBs. The energy characteristics and the critical stresses of dislocation emission are determined in two different cases, for UFG Al subjected to annealing only and to annealing with subsequent additional HPT deformation. The calculated theoretical dependences of the flow stress on the plastic deformation value well fit qualitatively and quantitatively to our experimental data.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles: potential novel applications in cellular physiology, pathology, neurosciences and cancer research
Authors: Pantic Senka , Skodric Sanja Radojevic , Loncar Zlatibor , Pantic Igor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology during the past several years, attention has been focused on metallic nanomaterials, due to their specific physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have numerous potential applications in industry, as a part of various consumer products, but also in medical research. Anticancer properties of ZnO NPs have been suggested in cell cultures, however, the precise mechanism responsible for their activity in these conditions remains elusive. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZnO NPs are also unclear. Apart from cancer research, ZnO NPs are today widely researched in almost all areas of fundamental medicine. In this short review, we discuss recently published articles on ZnO NPs applications in cellular physiology, pathology, neurosciences and oncology.