bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental participation in geriatric interprofessional education courses: A systematic review
Authors: Kossioni A. E. , Marchini L. , Childs C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the interdisciplinary management of the ageing individual is highly stressed, there is limited information on the outcomes of interprofessional education (IPE) activities of dental students in geriatrics. This systematic review aimed to identify studies with dentists participating in formal IPE courses in geriatrics and assess the outcomes reported.Material and MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus), reference lists from relevant studies and cited papers were investigated. The inclusion criteria were as follows: about formal interactive learning; learners from at least 2 disciplines; including dentists; related to geriatrics; any study design; reporting any outcome; only full papers; published in peer‐reviewed journals; English language.ResultsOf the 1259 records retrieved, 26 were assessed for eligibility based on defined inclusion criteria and 7 studies were included in the final analysis. Two studies reported specific outcomes for dentists with lower, or even negative, post‐training scores for interprofessional collaborative practice competences compared to other disciplines, but only one of them used a previously validated scale. There were no reports on the effect of IPE courses on dental trainees’ gerodontology skill improvements or on their attitudes towards the older persons.ConclusionThe existing evidence is insufficient to determine any outcomes of formal interprofessional training of dentists in geriatrics. More studies with better experimental design should be developed. Among the strengths of IPE in geriatrics are the interdisciplinary nature of geriatric care, the sharing of common geriatric competences among participating disciplines and the opportunity to use nursing homes as a training site.
Retrospective analysis of frontline treatment efficacy in elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Chieh‐Lung , Liu Jia‐Hau , Chou Sheng‐Chieh , Yao Ming , Tang Jih‐Luh , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of 2 chemotherapeutic regimens, bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) or reduced‐dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (RD‐R‐CHOP), in elderly patients with treatment‐naïve diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of 2 frontline regimens, BR and RD‐R‐CHOP, in patients aged ≥75 years unfit for R‐CHOP.ResultsFrom January 2011 to December 2015, 26 patients received BR and 34 RD‐R‐CHOP. No significant difference was found in clinical background comparisons. The overall response rate was 50% and 79.4% for BR and RD‐R‐CHOP, respectively (P = .027). Compared with patients in RD‐R‐CHOP, those in BR had a lower complete remission rate (42.3% vs 70.6%, P = .036), higher progressive disease rate (38.5% vs 8.8%, P = .01), and poorer median overall survival (11.2 months vs 39 months, P = .035). The prognostic difference was mainly observed in patients with limited stage. By contrast, BR had better toxic profiles. Some patients in BR certainly showed long‐term survivals.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated better efficacy of RD‐R‐CHOP, indicating its administration might be considered whenever possible, especially for limited stage. However, BR is a reasonable alternative for those ineligible for anthracycline‐containing regimens. Further studies are needed to guide treatment decisions.
Processing of interaural phase differences in components of harmonic and mistuned complexes in the inferior colliculus of the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Eipert Lena , Klinge‐Strahl Astrid , Klump Georg M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHarmonicity and spatial location provide eminent cues for the perceptual grouping of sounds. In general, harmonicity is a strong grouping cue. In contrast, spatial cues such as interaural phase or time difference provide for strong grouping of stimulus sequences but weak grouping for simultaneously presented sounds. By studying the neuronal basis underlying the interaction of these cues in processing simultaneous sounds using van Rossum spike train distance measures, we aim at explaining the interaction observed in psychophysical experiments. Responses to interaural phase differences imposed on single components of harmonic and mistuned complex tones as well as noise delay functions were recorded as multiunit responses from the inferior colliculus of Mongolian gerbils. Results revealed a better representation of interaural phase differences if imposed on a harmonic rather than a mistuned frequency component of a complex tone. The representation of interaural phase differences was better for long integration‐time windows approximately reflecting firing rates rather than short integration‐time windows reflecting the temporal pattern of the stimulus‐driven response. We found only a weak impact of interaural phase differences if combined with mistuning of a component in a harmonic tone complex.
Treatment with the GSK3‐beta inhibitor Tideglusib improves hippocampal development and memory performance in juvenile, but not adult, Cdkl5 knockout mice
Authors: Fuchs Claudia , Fustini Norma , Trazzi Stefania , Gennaccaro Laura , Rimondini Roberto , Ciani Elisabetta 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) disorder is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early‐onset epileptic seizures, severe developmental delay, and intellectual disability. To date, no effective pharmacological treatments are available to improve the neurological phenotype that is due to mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Murine models of CDKL5 disorder have recently been generated, making the preclinical testing of pharmacological interventions possible. Using a Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mouse model, we recently demonstrated that deficiency of Cdkl5 causes defects in postnatal hippocampal development and hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. These defects were accompanied by an increased activity of GSK3β, an important inhibitory regulator of many neuronal functions. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β activity was able to recover hippocampal defects and cognitive performance in juvenile Cdkl5 KO mice, suggesting that GSK3β inhibitors might be a potential therapeutic option for CDKL5 disorder. As GSK3β inhibitors have been shown to have differential medication responses in young people and adults, this study was designed to examine whether GSK3β is a possible therapeutic target both in juvenile and in adult CDKL5 patients. We found that treatment with the GSK3β inhibitor Tideglusib during the juvenile period improved hippocampal development and hippocampus‐dependent behaviors in Cdkl5 KO mice, while treatment later on in adulthood had no positive effects. These results suggest that pharmacological interventions aimed at normalizing impaired GSK3β activity might have different age‐dependent outcomes in CDKL5 disorder. This is of utmost importance in the development of therapeutic approaches in CDKL5 patients and in the design of rational clinical trials.
Cerebral microbleeds predict infectious intracranial aneurysm in infective endocarditis
Authors: Cho S.‐M. , Marquardt R. J. , Rice C. J. , Buletko A. B. , Zhang L. Q. , Khoury J. , Thatikunta P. , Hardman J. , Wisco D. , Uchino K. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features such as cerebral microbleeds and sulcal susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) or gradient‐echo T2* lesions in infective endocarditis (IE) have been associated with the presence of infectious intracranial aneurysm (IIA). Our aim was to validate these MRI predictors for IIA in order to better assist in assessing the appropriate indications for digital subtraction angiography (DSA).MethodsThe derivation cohort comprised IE patients with neurological evaluation, MRI and DSA at a single tertiary referral center from January 2015 to July 2016. Validation was performed in a cohort of IE patients who underwent MRI and DSA at the same center from 2010 to 2014.ResultsOf 62 patients in the derivation cohort, 10 (16%) had IIAs. Of 129 in the validation cohort, 19 (15%) IIAs were identified. The MRI predictors for IIA consist of (i) contrast enhancement with microbleeds, (ii) cerebral microbleeds >5 mm or sulcal SWI lesions and (iii) any MRI hemorrhages. The sensitivity for the presence of IIA in each group of the derivation cohort was 90%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity in the validation cohort was 47%, 68% and 94% respectively. The specificity in the derivation cohort was 87%, 85% and 18%. In the validation cohort, the specificity was similar at 87%, 75% and 27%.ConclusionsThe absence of MRI hemorrhages may not necessitate the need for DSA.
Humoral immunity response to human endogenous retroviruses K/W differentiates between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases
Authors: Arru G. , Mameli G. , Deiana G. A. , Rassu A. L. , Piredda R. , Sechi E. , Caggiu E. , Bo M. , Nako E. , Urso D. , Mariotto S. , Ferrari S. , Zanusso G. , Monaco S. , Sechi G. , Sechi L. A. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERV) K/W seem to play a role in fostering and exacerbation of some neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given these findings, the immunity response against HERV‐K and HERV‐W envelope surface (env‐su) glycoprotein antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated for ALS, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease patients and in healthy controls.MethodsFour antigenic peptides derived respectively from HERV‐K and HERV‐W env‐su proteins were studied in 21 definite or probable ALS patients, 26 possible or definite relapsing−remitting MS patients, 18 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 39 healthy controls. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was set up to detect specific antibodies (Abs) against env‐su peptides.ResultsAmongst the measured levels of Abs against the four different HERV‐K peptide fragments, only HERV‐K env‐su19–37 was significantly elevated in ALS compared to other groups, both in serum and CSF. Instead, amongst the Abs levels directed against the four different HERV‐W peptide fragments, only HERV‐W env‐su93–108 and HERV‐W env‐su248–262 were significantly elevated, in the serum and CSF of the MS group compared to other groups. In ALS patients, the HERV‐K env‐su19–37 Abs levels were significantly correlated with clinical measures of disease severity, both in serum and CSF.ConclusionsIncreased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV‐W env‐su93–108 and HERV‐W env‐su248–262 peptide fragments could serve as possible biomarkers in patients with MS. Similarly, increased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV‐K env‐su19–37 peptide fragment could serve as a possible early novel biomarker in patients with ALS.
Neurophysiological study of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in mechanically ventilated children; additional aspects in paediatric critical illness comorbidities
Authors: Thabet Mahmoud A. , Tawfik M. A. M. , Abd el naby S. A. , Abo El Fotoh W. M. M. , Saleh N. Y. , Abd El Hady N. M. S. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeCritical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CIP/CIM) is being increasingly recognized as a significant clinical problem in critically ill children especially if they have spent long periods in the intensive care unit. So the aim was to determine the frequency of CIP/CIM amongst mechanically ventilated children and to analyse the associated risk factors and drawbacks frequently encountered in this cohort.MethodsThe study included 105 patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit who underwent mechanical ventilation for ≥7 days. These patients were screened daily for awakening. Patients with severe muscle weakness on day 7 post‐awakening underwent nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Accordingly, the patients were classified as CIP/CIM patients if they had abnormal neurophysiology studies or control patients if normal neurophysiology studies were obtained. Their clinical and laboratory profiles had been recorded as well.ResultsOverall, of 105 patients who achieved satisfactory awakening, 34 patients (32.4%) developed CIP/CIM mostly of the axonal polyneuropathy pattern (27.6%) whilst 71 control patients (67.6%) showed normal electrophysiological studies. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in patients with CIP/CIM compared to control patients (P = 0.001). The study also revealed that 62.1% of our CIP/CIM patients failed weaning trials and finally died. CIP/CIM was significantly associated with decreased platelets, elevated liver enzymes and prolonged prothrombin time. Acidosis, low serum calcium and albumin levels and higher blood glucose were also found to be more significant in CIP/CIM patients compared to control patients.ConclusionCritically ill children frequently develop CIP/CIM, mostly of axonal polyneuropathy pattern, which compromises rehabilitation and recovery and is associated with a number of comorbidities.
The cost of capital effect of M&A transactions: Disentangling coinsurance from the diversification discount
Authors: Bielstein Patrick , Fischer Mario , Kaserer Christoph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study argues that in corporate diversification there is a bright side (coinsurance effect) and a dark side (diversification discount). While diversification might reduce systematic risk by its impact on the cost of financial distress, it might increase systematic risk because of inefficient cross‐subsidization at the same time. Building on an extension of the model of Hann, Ogneva, and Ozbas (), we analyze mergers and acquisitions in the US over the period 1985 to 2014. We find the coinsurance effect to decrease the cost of capital by 36  basis points for the average firm. However, at the same time, we observe a 7  basis points increase in the cost of capital related to the inefficiency of the firm's internal capital market. Both effects are statistically significant and robust to endogeneity concerns, different empirical specifications, and variable measurement.
Biochemical evolution in response to intensive harvesting in algae: Evolution of quality and quantity
Authors: Marshall Dustin J , Lawton Rebecca J , Monro Keyne , Paul Nicholas A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvolutionary responses to indirect selection pressures imposed by intensive harvesting are increasingly common. While artificial selection has shown that biochemical components can show rapid and dramatic evolution, it remains unclear as to whether intensive harvesting can inadvertently induce changes in the biochemistry of harvested populations. For applications such as algal culture, many of the desirable bioproducts could evolve in response to harvesting, reducing cost‐effectiveness, but experimental tests are lacking. We used an experimental evolution approach where we imposed heavy and light harvesting regimes on multiple lines of an alga of commercial interest for twelve cycles of harvesting and then placed all lines in a common garden regime for four cycles. We have previously shown that lines in a heavy harvesting regime evolve a “live fast” phenotype with higher growth rates relative to light harvesting regimes. Here, we show that algal biochemistry also shows evolutionary responses, although they were temporarily masked by differences in density under the different harvesting regimes. Heavy harvesting regimes, relative to light harvesting regimes, had reduced productivity of desirable bioproducts, particularly fatty acids. We suggest that commercial operators wishing to maximize productivity of desirable bioproducts should maintain mother cultures, kept at higher densities (which tend to select for desirable phenotypes), and periodically restart their intensively harvested cultures to minimize the negative consequences of biochemical evolution. Our study shows that the burgeoning algal culture industry should pay careful attention to the role of evolution in intensively harvested crops as these effects are nontrivial if subtle.
Reply to Saumitou‐Laprade et al. (2017) “Controlling for genetic identity of varieties, pollen contamination and stigma receptivity is essential to characterize the self‐incompatibility system of Olea europaea L.”. Eva:https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12498
Authors: Farinelli Daniela , Breton Catherine , Koubouris Georgios , Famiani Franco , Villemur Pierre , Bervillé André 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was carried out to examine the validity of previous studies on the intercompatibility of olive and to compare the approach and techniques used for proposing the diallelic self‐incompatibility system and the sporophytic self‐incompatibility system. Analysis of the literature indicates that the mating system of the olive tree is a controversial issue and requires further studies to clearly and fully comprehend it. All possible approaches should be used to maximize reliability of the final conclusions on the olive mating system.
Unilateral malignant melanoma of the adrenal gland with metastatic spread to the thorax in a horse
Authors: Hablolvarid M. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA 7‐year‐old grey horse that had a history of inappetence, weight loss, weakness, dyspnoea, coughing and intermittent colic was examined post‐mortem. A melanoma, confirmed histologically, was found in the right adrenal gland and had eroded into the posterior vena cava. Thoracic metastases were also identified. The skin, including the legs, trunk and perineum was normal with no evidence of melanomas. This was considered to be a primary, malignant melanoma, a novel finding in the adrenal gland of the horse.
Association of neutrophil morphology with bacterial isolates in equine tracheal wash samples
Authors: Jocelyn N. A. , Wylie C. E. , Lean M. , Barrelet A. , Foote A. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundTracheal wash sample neutrophilia is common in lower airway inflammation of various causes; however, relevance of cytomorphological features to culture of bacterial pathogens has not been established.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the presence of nondegenerate or degenerate neutrophils in tracheal washes is associated with culture of bacteria and, if so, whether this is influenced by age or temporal factors.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsTracheal wash samples submitted to Rossdales LLP from 1/1/2013 to 31/7/2015 were evaluated using set criteria. Neutrophilia and degenerate neutrophilia (graded ≥2/4 on Rossdales cytological scale [0–4]) were analysed in relation to bacterial isolates considered potentially pathogenic in respiratory disease. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between two separate outcomes: 1) the presence of neutrophilia compared with no neutrophilia and 2) the presence of degenerate neutrophilia compared with nondegenerate neutrophilia and four independent variables.ResultsSufficient data for inclusion in the multivariable model for nondegenerate neutrophilia were available from 1100 horses. Culture of potentially pathogenic bacteria was associated with increased odds of degenerate neutrophilia compared with samples with negative culture (OR 4.5, 95% CI 3.1, 6.4, P‐value<0.001). Horses over 9 years old had lower odds of having degenerate neutrophilia than those aged 1–3 years (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9, P‐value<0.02). In the spring/summer, horses had reduced odds of a degenerate neutrophilia compared with winter (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.7, P‐value <0.001).Main limitationsThe study relied on routine laboratory submissions, with no control over sample collection or submitted clinical history.ConclusionsCytological evaluation of tracheal washes should include cytomorphological features of the neutrophil response. The presence of degenerate neutrophils, especially in young horses, indicates added value of culture and sensitivity for antimicrobial therapeutics. The absence of degenerate changes, in combination with clinical factors, can help support diagnosis of a nonseptic cause of airway neutrophilia.
In vitro epidermis model mimicking IGF‐1–specific age‐related decline
Authors: Mainzer Carine , Remoué Noëlle , Molinari Jennifer , Rousselle Patricia , Barricchello Carla , Lago Juliana C. , Sommer Pascal , Sigaudo‐Roussel Dominique , Debret Romain 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAgeing is a complex multifaceted process affecting skin functionality and structure. Several 3D organotypic skin culture models have reproduced ageing by inducing replicative senescence, glycation or oxidative stress. Yet, very few models have focused on hormonal ageing and especially the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) signalling pathway, which has been associated with longevity in animal studies and is necessary for the early stages of skin development. In this study, we built an organotypic epidermis model with targeted IGF‐1 receptor knockdown to reproduce some aspects of hormonal ageing on skin. Our model displayed morphological and functional features of aged epidermis, which were mostly attributed to a loss of function of the Stratum basale. IGF‐1 receptor knockdown keratinocytes depicted an extended cell cycle, reduced proliferation potential and reduced adhesion capacities and greater sensitivity to oxidative stress than control cells. Altogether, this model represents an essential tool for further investigations into the mechanisms linked to some aspects of hormonal decline or when screening for potent anti‐ageing compounds.
Life before and beyond blistering: The role of collagen XVII in epidermal physiology
Authors: Natsuga Ken , Watanabe Mika , Nishie Wataru , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractType XVII collagen (COL17) is a transmembranous protein that is mainly expressed in the epidermal basal keratinocytes. Epidermal‐dermal attachment requires COL17 expression at the hemidesmosomes of the epidermal basement membrane zone because congenital COL17 deficiency leads to junctional epidermolysis bullosa and acquired autoimmunity to COL17 induces bullous pemphigoid. Recently, in addition to facilitating epidermal‐dermal attachment, COL17 has been reported to serve as a niche for hair follicle stem cells, to regulate proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis and to be present along the non‐hemidesmosomal plasma membrane of epidermal basal keratinocytes. This review focuses on the physiological properties of COL17 in the epidermis, its role in maintaining stem cells and its association with signalling pathways. We propose possible solutions to unanswered questions in this field.
SAM syndrome is characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Taiber Shahar , Samuelov Liat , Mohamad Janan , Barak Eran Cohen , Sarig Ofer , Shalev Stavit Allon , Lestringant Gilles , Sprecher Eli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSevere skin dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome is a rare life‐threatening inherited condition caused by bi‐allelic mutations in DSG1 encoding desmoglein 1. The disease was initially reported to manifest with severe erythroderma, failure to thrive, atopic manifestations, recurrent infections, hypotrichosis and palmoplantar keratoderma. We present 3 new cases of SAM syndrome in 2 families and review the cases published so far. Whole exome and direct sequencing were used to identify SAM syndrome‐causing mutations. Consistent with previous data, SAM syndrome was found in all 3 patients to result from homozygous mutations in DSG1 predicted to result in premature termination of translation. In contrast, as compared with patients previously reported, the present cases were found to display a wide range of clinical presentations of variable degrees of severity. The present data emphasize the fact that SAM syndrome is characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity, suggesting the existence of potent modifier traits.