bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin abuse: A novel and dangerous purging behavior in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Geer Bashir , Gibson Dennis , Grayeb Daniela , Benabe Jodie , Victory Shelby , Mehler Shoshanah , Mehler Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of severe multisystem illness, near death and permanent kidney failure in a woman with a history of anorexia nervosa‐binge purge type due to abuse of prescription metformin, an approved oral diabetes medication obtained surreptitiously via the internet.MethodPsychiatric and medical records were reviewed from the medical care of this patient. A literature search was also performed on prescription medication abuse as a mode of purging.DiscussionMetformin abuse in a patient with an eating disorder as a purging behavior is a rarely reported, albeit very dangerous entity. Clinicians treating eating disorders should increasingly be aware of the potential abuse of prescription medications, unapproved for weight loss but which have weight loss, as a reported side effect. This is particularly important as the ability to obtain prescription medications via the internet, without a prescription, becomes more ubiquitous.
18S rRNA metabarcoding diet analysis of a predatory fish community across seasonal changes in prey availability
Authors: Waraniak Justin M. , Marsh Terence L. , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPredator–prey relationships are important ecological interactions, affecting biotic community composition and energy flow through a system, and are of interest to ecologists and managers. Morphological diet analysis has been the primary method used to quantify the diets of predators, but emerging molecular techniques using genetic data can provide more accurate estimates of relative diet composition. This study used sequences from the 18S V9 rRNA barcoding region to identify prey items in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of predatory fishes. Predator GI samples were taken from the Black River, Cheboygan Co., MI, USA (n = 367 samples, 12 predator species) during periods of high prey availability, including the larval stage of regionally threatened lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque 1817) in late May/early June of 2015 and of relatively lower prey availability in early July of 2015. DNA was extracted and sequenced from 355 samples (96.7%), and prey DNA was identified in 286 of the 355 samples (80.6%). Prey were grouped into 33 ecologically significant taxonomic groups based on the lowest taxonomic level sequences that could be identified using sequences available on GenBank. Changes in the makeup of diet composition, dietary overlap, and predator preference were analyzed comparing the periods of high and low prey abundance. Some predator species exhibited significant seasonal changes in diet composition. Dietary overlap was slightly but significantly higher during the period of high prey abundance; however, there was little change in predator preference. This suggests that change in prey availability was the driving factor in changing predator diet composition and dietary overlap. This study demonstrates the utility of molecular diet analysis and how temporal variability in community composition adds complexity to predator–prey interactions.
Spatially structured statistical network models for landscape genetics
Authors: Peterson Erin E. , Hanks Ephraim M. , Hooten Mevin B. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA basic understanding of how the landscape impedes, or creates resistance to, the dispersal of organisms and hence gene flow is paramount for successful conservation science and management. Spatially structured ecological networks are often used to represent spatial landscape‐genetic relationships, where nodes represent individuals or populations and resistance to movement is represented using non‐binary edge weights. Weights are typically assigned or estimated by the user, rather than observed, and validating such weights is challenging. We provide a synthesis of current methods used to estimate edge weights and an overview of common model types, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and their ability to model landscape‐genetic data. We further explore a set of spatial‐statistical methods that provide ecologists with alternative approaches for modeling spatially explicit processes that may affect genetic structure. This includes an overview of spatial autoregressive models, with a particular focus on how correlation and partial correlation are used to represent neighborhood structure with the inverse of the covariance matrix (i.e., precision matrix). We then demonstrate how to model resistance by specifying an appropriate statistical model on the nodes, conditioned on the edge weights, through the precision matrix. This integration of network ecology and spatial statistics provides a practical analytical framework for landscape‐genetic studies. The results can be used to make statistical inferences about the relative importance of individual landscape characteristics, such as the vegetative cover, hillslope, or the presence of roads or rivers, on gene flow. In addition, the R code we include allows readers to explore landscape‐genetic structure in their own datasets, which will potentially provide new insights into the evolutionary processes that generated ecological networks, as well as valuable information about the optimal characteristics of conservation corridors.
Research on performance improvement of magnetostrictive vibration power generator by frame material
Authors: Minamitani Tamotsu , Ueno Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs the performance of modules improved and the Internet became widespread, various electric appliances in daily life became connected to the Internet. Along with this, related to the method of supplying power to the module, attention is being paid to energy harvesting such as vibrational power generator. A magnetostrictive vibration generator comprising a magnetostrictive material (Fe‐Ga alloy) and a vibrating material is a promising device capable of generating small size and high power. However, selection of the optimum vibration material and analysis of the magnetic circuit for the magnetic characteristics of the Fe‐Ga alloy were insufficient, and it was thought that the vibration power generation device could not fully demonstrate the performance. In this paper, magnetic properties of monocrystalline Fe‐Ga alloy and vibrating material are grasped and magnetic analysis using finite element method is carried out. In addition, actually samples were prepared and compared with the results of magnetic analysis. From this result, we examined the effect of combinations of materials on device performance.
Capacitance reduction of pulse voltage generator by using series voltage compensator
Authors: Takahashi Yuki , Iijima Ryuji , Isobe Takanori , Tadano Hiroshi , Yamazaki Choji , Hasegawa Chihiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new configuration of a pulse voltage generator, which can be applied to the klystron modulator for a large‐scale accelerator. The voltage generator consists of a conventional capacitor discharge type pulse voltage generator and series cascaded voltage compensators. By using the voltage compensators, higher voltage fluctuation of the bank capacitor is acceptable; therefore, its capacitance and the dimensions of the capacitors can be low. This paper discusses the control strategy of the voltage compensators and thyristors for DC voltage supply for the highly fluctuating capacitor voltage, and demonstrates this by a laboratory‐scale experimental setup.
Artificial Neural Networks for the Resolution of Dopamine and Serotonin Complex Mixtures Using a Graphene‐Modified Carbon Electrode
Authors: Bonet‐San‐Emeterio Marta , González‐Calabuig Andreu , del Valle Manel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work explores an electrode modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) for the voltammetric resolution of mixtures of neurotransmitters and its most common interferents. This enhanced sensitivity device coupled with advanced chemometric tools, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), is able to resolve and quantify complex mixtures with overlapped signals. In this case, it has been applied to dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and its main physiologic interferents, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), which play a relevant role in human body. The results obtained for individual analysis make evident a higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the unmodified electrode. Furthermore, it has been attained an ANN response model with good correlation ability allowing the separation and quantification of each compound with comparison slope of predicted vs. expected concentrations with correlation better than 0.974. In short, the developed ERGO‐modified sensor not only improved the signal but it also permitted resolving and quantifying each compound in complex mixtures when the proper chemometric treatment was used.
Minimally‐invasive Microneedle‐based Biosensor Array for Simultaneous Lactate and Glucose Monitoring in Artificial Interstitial Fluid
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Sharma Sanjiv , Cass Anthony Edward George , Antiochia Riccarda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere we report the first mediated pain free microneedle‐based biosensor array for the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of lactate and glucose in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). The gold surface of the microneedles has been modified by electrodeposition of Au‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and successively by electropolymerization of the redox mediator, methylene blue (MB). Functionalization of the Au‐MWCNTs/polyMB platform with the lactate oxidase (LOX) enzyme (working electrode 1) and with the FAD‐Glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) enzyme (working electrode 2) enabled the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose in the artificial ISF. The lactate biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity (797.4±38.1 μA cm−2 mM−1), a good linear range (10–100 μM) with a detection limit of 3 μM. The performance of the glucose biosensor were also good with a sensitivity of 405.2±24.1 μA cm−2 mM−1, a linear range between 0.05 and 5 mM and a detection limit of 7 μM. The biosensor array was tested to detect the amount of lactate generated after 100 minutes of cycling exercise (12 mM) and of glucose after a normal meal for a healthy patient (10 mM). The results reveal that the new microneedles‐based biosensor array seems to be a promising tool for the development of real‐time wearable devices with a variety of sport medicine and clinical care applications.
Scaling behavior in on‐chip field‐amplified sample stacking
Authors: Dubey Kaushlendra , Gupta Amit , Bahga Supreet Singh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractField amplified sample stacking (FASS) uses differential electrophoretic velocity of analyte ions in the high‐conductivity background electrolyte zone and low conductivity sample zone for increasing the analyte concentration. The stacking rate of analyte ions in FASS is limited by molecular diffusion and convective dispersion due to nonuniform electroosmotic flow (EOF). We present a theoretical scaling analysis of stacking dynamics in FASS and its validation with a large set of on‐chip sample stacking experiments and numerical simulations. Through scaling analysis, we have identified two stacking regimes that are relevant for on‐chip FASS, depending upon whether the broadening of the stacked peak is dominated by axial diffusion or convective dispersion. We show that these two regimes are characterized by distinct length and time scales, based on which we obtain simplified nondimensional relations for the temporal growth of peak concentration and width in FASS. We first verify the theoretical scaling behavior in diffusion‐ and convection‐dominated regimes using numerical simulations. Thereafter, we show that the experimental data of temporal growth of peak concentration and width at varying electric fields, conductivity gradients, and EOF exhibit the theoretically predicted scaling behavior. The scaling behavior described in this work provides insights into the effect of varying experimental parameters, such as electric field, conductivity gradient, electroosmotic mobility, and electrophoretic mobility of the analyte on the dynamics of on‐chip FASS.
The impact of time after radiation treatment on dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer enrolled in a swallowing therapy program
Authors: Van Daele Douglas J. , Langmore Susan E. , Krisciunas Gintas P. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Pauloski Barbara R. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Gramigna Gary D. , Messing Barbara P. , Wagner Cynthia W. , Mott Sarah L 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing dysfunction after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer can be devastating. A randomized control trial compared swallow exercises versus exercise plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy and found no overall difference in outcomes.MethodsQuality of life (QOL), diet, and swallowing variables collected at discrete intervals on 117 patients were reanalyzed to test the hypothesis that shorter time between the completion of radiotherapy and beginning of the swallowing therapy program yielded improved outcomes.ResultsAt baseline, subjects < 1 year post radiation had significantly better function than subjects >2 years post RT in several measures. Over the therapy program, the early group showed significant improvement in diet and QOL. Swallowing physiologic variables showed no difference between groups.ConclusionBeginning a swallowing therapy program within 1 year of completion of radiotherapy demonstrates more consistent improvement in QOL and diet performance compared to later periods.
Patterns of recurrence and retreatment outcomes among clinical stage I and II head and neck melanoma patients
Authors: Namin Arya W. , Cornell Georgeanne E. , Thombs Lori A. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine survival outcomes in patients who underwent retreatment of recurrent cases of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN).MethodsRetrospective review of all patients who were treated for primary clinical stage I or II CMHN between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015.ResultsTwenty percent (33/168) of the patients developed a recurrence. Sixty‐six percent (4/6) of patients who developed local recurrence first and 50% (3/6) of patients who developed regional recurrence first were alive without evidence (NED) of disease at last follow‐up, while 0% (0/21) of patients who developed distant or simultaneous recurrences first were NED at last follow‐up. Among the 7 patients who were NED, the mean time from recurrence to last follow‐up was 735 days.ConclusionsOf patients with isolated local or regional recurrences, 58% (7/12) obtained durable curative treatment for recurrent melanoma.
Toxicity studies used in registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH): How accurately are they reported?
Authors: Ingre-Khans Ellen , Ågerstrand Marlene , Beronius Anna , Rudén Christina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Toxicity studies on chemicals registered under the European Union's Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation are provided as summaries instead of as a full study report. Because the registration data are used by regulatory agencies to identify chemicals of concern, the study summaries must accurately reflect the information in studies. A “study summary” should include sufficient information on the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions in the full study report in order for the relevance of the study to be determined. Sometimes a “robust study summary” is required, which should contain more detailed information to enable an independent assessment of the study. The aim of the present investigation is to examine how well published toxicity papers were reflected in study summaries submitted by registrants under REACH. Summaries of 20 published studies (peer-reviewed studies, including 1 abstract) were examined and broad categories of various types of observed differences were derived. The extent to which information in the published studies was reported, as well as how accurately the information was reflected, varied. How accurately the information was reflected also varied. Differences between the published studies and the summaries included simple typing errors, unclear and incomplete reporting, as well as the omission of information on, for example, study design, results, or interpretation of the results, which in some cases could be considered relevant for the risk assessment. This raises concerns regarding the accuracy of study summaries and their use for decision making. Moreover, the possibility for third parties to independently assess and scrutinize the summaries is limited. Considering that we rely on REACH registration data for chemical safety, all data used for risk assessment should be accessible for thorough examination and fully independent assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000–000. © 2019 SETAC
Patterns of utilization and a case illustration of an interactive text‐based psychotherapy delivery system
Authors: Nitzburg George C. , Farber Barry A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper provides data on the experiences of 267 patients, all with self‐reported symptoms of depression or anxiety, engaged in an interactive text‐based delivery system for psychotherapy. The paper also offers a case study that illustrates the use of this treatment, indicating ways in which such systems can be useful for patients who may not access or benefit from more traditional therapeutic models.
Whole exome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis in cases with fetal anomalies: Criteria to improve diagnostic yield
Authors: Yadava Stacy M. , Ashkinadze Elena 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) for prenatal diagnosis has a reported diagnostic yield of 6.2%–57%. Our aim was to identify patients with a high likelihood of genetic diagnosis using WES in cases with fetal ultrasound anomalies. This is a series of five selected cases for prenatal WES at our institution. Pregnant couples were initially identified due to fetal ultrasound anomalies. Candidates for WES for fetal diagnosis had a normal fetal karyotype and negative microarray with at least one of the following: parental consanguinity, large regions of homozygosity on fetal microarray, or high likelihood of single gene disorder based on ultrasound findings. All trios underwent sequencing of parental and fetal samples. WES was diagnostic in four of the five cases (80%). We identified two recessive conditions and two de novo mutations. Four couples consented to secondary findings and in one case, the father was found to have an MSH2 mutation associated with Lynch syndrome. The use of specific selection criteria for WES increased diagnostic yield to 80%. This is higher than previously reported. Wide application of our criteria can help identify those who may benefit most from this testing in prenatal diagnosis.
Dynamics in HIV‐DNA levels over time in HIV controllers
Authors: Avettand‐Fenoel Véronique , Bayan Tatiana , Gardiennet Elise , Boufassa Faroudy , Lopez Pauline , Lecuroux Camille , Noel Nicolas , Trémeaux Pauline , Monceaux Valérie , Autran Brigitte , Meyer Laurence , Saez‐Cirion Asier , Lambotte Olivier , Rouzioux Christine ,   the CODEX ANRS Cohort Study Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionHIV controllers (HIC) maintain viraemia at low levels without antiretroviral treatment and have small HIV reservoirs. Nevertheless, they are heterogeneous regarding their risk of infection progression. The study of reservoirs can help elucidate this control. This study aimed to explore the factors implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV infection that are potentially associated with HIV reservoirs and their dynamics in HIC.MethodsIndividuals living with HIV included in the ANRS‐CODEX cohort with at least two HIV‐DNA measurements between 2009 and 2016 were selected. The total HIV‐DNA levels had been quantified prospectively from blood samples. Mixed‐effect linear models estimated the HIV‐DNA dynamics over time.ResultsThe median (interquartile range (IQR)) HIV‐DNA level was 1.5 (1.3 to 1.9) log copies/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells at inclusion (n = 202 individuals). These low levels showed heterogeneity among HIC. Lower levels were then associated with the protective HLA‐B*27/B*57 alleles and/or lower HIV‐RNA level at inclusion, negative hepatitis C virus serology, lower HIV‐suppressive capacity of specific CD8 T cells and lower levels of immune activation and inflammation. Interestingly, mathematical modelling of the dynamics of HIV‐DNA over time (840 measurements) showed that the number of infected cells decreased in 46% of HIC (follow‐up: 47.6 months) and increased in 54% of HIC. A multivariate analysis indicated that HLA‐B*27/B*57 alleles, a low level of HIV‐RNA and a low level of HIV‐DNA at inclusion were markers independently associated with this decrease.ConclusionsThese results offer new insights into the mechanisms of long‐term control in HIC. In half of HIC, the decrease in HIV‐DNA level could be linked to tighter viral control and progressive loss of infected cells. These findings allow the identification of HIC with a low risk of progression who may not need treatment.
Diurnal variability of cerebral metabolites in healthy human brain with 2D localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L‐COSY)
Authors: Arm Jameen , Al‐iedani Oun , Lea Rod , Lechner‐Scott Jeannette , Ramadan Saadallah 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundTwo‐dimensional localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L‐COSY) is a research tool that has been applied to evaluate in vivo metabolic activity in many neurological and oncological disorders. Circadian mediators such as brain temperature, hydration, and osmotic regulation have been claimed to change metabolic profiles.PurposeTo evaluate the diurnal variability of neuro‐metabolites with 2D L‐COSY in healthy subjects using a 3 T scanner.Study TypeCrossover.Population/PhantomTen healthy subjects and magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐high definition (MRS‐HD) sphere or “Braino.” Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T/2D L‐COSY MRS.AssessmentIn vivo 2D L‐COSY measurements were performed on ten healthy subjects (5 M/5F, mean age 36.1 ± 7.7 years) repeatedly at three timepoints (0700, 1200, and 1700) on the same day. in vitro evaluations were performed in a similar fashion as in vivo on Braino containing selected brain metabolites at physiological concentrations and pH. 2D L‐COSY was acquired from a 27 cm3 voxel located in the posterior cingulate cortex. A total of 75 resonances were included in the analysis and spectral peak volumes were normalized to creatine.Statistical TestOne‐way repeated measured analysis of variance with Bonferroni post‐hoc adjustment using SPSS software.ResultsIn vitro data showed no statistically significant differences between different scans (P > 0.12). in vivo results showed statistically significant diurnal variations (P ≤ 0.05, F > 3.88) for 22 resonances. Bonferroni post‐hoc testing showed there was statistically significant increases in metabolite ratios between 0700 and 1700 and these include different moieties of N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, myo‐inositol, lipids, fucose, glutathione, and homocarnosine.Data Conclusion2D L‐COSY can detect diurnal physiological variability in neuro‐metabolite levels. Thus, time of the day should be considered when planning MRS studies to avoid confounding results.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:592–601.