bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Imaging for Muscle Variations
Authors: Ata Ayşe Merve , Kara Murat , Aydin Gülümser , Kaymak Bayram , Gürçay Eda , Özçakar Levent 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Anatomical variations of the muscles are seen with different frequencies. Although most of them are asymptomatic; in certain cases, their existence requires attention with regard to entrapment syndromes, mass lesions, botulinum toxin injections, and tendon transfers. Herein, as ultrasound imaging is a convenient method for muscle imaging, it can easily be used in daily practice for prompt understanding of such muscular variations. In this report, we demonstrated and discussed a similar scenario in an asymptomatic individual (and his close family members) using ultrasound imaging for scanning the digastric flexor carpi ulnaris, gastrocnemius tertius, and supernumerary fibularis longus muscles.
Effect of Hepatic Inflammation in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection on Fibrosis Assessment by Arrival Time Parametric Imaging
Authors: Wakui Noritaka , Nagai Hidenari , Matsukiyo Yasushi , Ogino Yu , Matsui Daigo , Mukozu Takanori , Kogame Michio , Matsui Teppei , Daido Yasuko , Momiyama Koichi , Maruyama Kenichi , Kudo Takahide , Shinohara Mie , Ikehara Takashi , Sumino Yasukiyo , Igarashi Yoshinori 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Arrival time parametric imaging (At-PI) in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. The study aimed to elucidate the effect of hepatic inflammation on At-PI efficiency. Subjects were 159 CHC patients who underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography immediately before liver biopsy. Ultrasound contrast agent was injected, and contrast dynamics of the S5 to S6 region of the liver and right kidney were recorded for 40 seconds. The At-PI of liver parenchyma blood flow was generated using saved video clips. Hepatic blood flow during the first 5 seconds after starting contrast injection was displayed in red and that after another 5 seconds was displayed in yellow. The ratio of red (ROR) in At-PI images of the entire liver was measured with ImageJ. Ratio of red values of livers with different activity grades (0–3) were compared for each fibrosis (F) stage as determined by biopsy. Correlations of ROR with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were analyzed using a linear regression line from the distribution map. Comparison of ROR for different activity grades in each F stage revealed no significant differences. Correlation coefficient R (P value) for ALT and ROR was R = −0.0094 (P = 0.43) at F0 to F1, R = −0.186 (P = 0.21) at F2, R = −0.233 (P = 0.27) at F3, and R = 0.041 (P = 0.89) at F4, with no significant correlation between ALT and ROR in any F stage. Hepatic inflammation in CHC infection does not affect At-PI diagnostic accuracy.
Trazodone and Parkinsonism: The Link Strengthens
Authors: Sarwar Aliya Iftikhar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Trazodone, the most sedating atypical antidepressant, is widely used as an off-label hypnotic especially in the elderly. Although generally considered safe, it can potentially inhibit midbrain dopaminergic neurotransmission leading to the emergence of extrapyramidal adverse effects. Two previous cases of trazodone-induced parkinsonism have been described after its prolonged use as an antidepressant; however, there is no published case of secondary parkinsonism caused by trazodone in a nondepressed person after its use as a hypnotic. Here, we present a case of rapid development of bradykinetic-rigid parkinsonism temporally linked to the use of trazodone as a hypnotic in a nondepressed elderly man. Because of lack of awareness, this potential association was missed by his primary care physician and general neurologist. He was diagnosed as having idiopathic parkinsonism (Parkinson disease) and referred to a movement disorder neurologist. A secondary cause was suspected by his movement disorder neurologist that led to rapid withdrawal of trazodone and complete reversal of his symptoms. A practice point that needs to be underscored is that trazodone's use as a hypnotic can cause parkinsonism. All health care providers should be aware of this serious but seemingly fully reversible potential adverse effect.
Restless Genital Syndrome Induced by Milnacipran
Authors: Miyake Keita , Takaki Manabu , Sakamoto Shinji , Kawada Kiyohiro , Inoue Shinichiro , Yamada Norihito 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
Restless genital syndrome (RGS) includes discomfort, pain, numbness, vibration, restlessness, or a burning sensation involving the vagina, perineum, pelvis, penis, and proximal portion of the lower limbs in patients. The RGS has been sometimes reported in Parkinson disease. In patients without Parkinson disease, RGS is also known as persistent genital arousal disorder (PSAS), which includes uncontrollable genital arousal, with or without orgasm or genital engorgement, unrelated to sexual desire. Although withdrawal from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants is reported to induce PSAS, there is no report of RGS or PSAS induced by antidepressants.

Methods
We obtained the consent for the presentation and have not identified individuals for ethical reasons.

Results
We first report a woman patient with depression induced RGS by milnacipran (MLN).

Conclusions
We discuss the relationship with restless legs syndrome and the difference from akathisia. It is highly possible MLN affected her RGS because she experienced RGS for the first time after the dose of MLN was increased. A limitation of this report is that we stopped MLN and administered gabapentin enacarbil immediately. We should join MLN to the list of compounds suspected of inducing RGS.
Identifying the core bacterial and fungal communities within four agricultural biobeds used for the treatment of pesticide rinsates
Authors: Bergsveinson Jordyn , Perry Benjamin J. , Sheedy Claudia , Braul Larry , Reedyk Sharon , Gossen Bruce D. , Yost Christopher K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBacterial and fungal communities of four pesticide rinsate treatment biobeds constructed in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada were profiled via high throughput DNA sequencing to assess the effect of biobed depth and pesticide application on microbial community composition. Biobeds differed in geographical location and biobed design, and composition of pesticide rinsates (including herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides). All biobeds achieved similar treatment efficacy and supported greater bacterial diversity relative to fungal diversity, yet selected for similar abundant bacterial orders of Actinomycetales, Acidobacteria, Rhizobiales, and Sphingobacteriales and fungal taxonomic groups of Dothideomycetes, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, and Sordariales. Biobeds differed in the presence of unique and differentiated genera and operational taxonomic units. Biobed depth did not uniformly impact the diversity and/or the microbial community structure. Overall, pesticide application increased bacterial diversity, but had limited effect on the more variable fungal diversity, therefore suggesting broader implication for the effect of applied fungicides on biobed fungal communities.HighlightsBiobeds support diverse bacterial and fungal communitiesSpecific “core” bacterial and fungal taxa are abundant in biobeds of different design and treatmentMicrobial diversity is not directly linked with pesticide type or diversity.
Deep mutational scanning of hemagglutinin helps predict evolutionary fates of human H3N2 influenza variants
Authors: Lee Juhye M. , Huddleston John , Doud Michael B. , Hooper Kathryn A. , Wu Nicholas C. , Bedford Trevor , Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: April 2018

Human influenza virus rapidly accumulates mutations in its major surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). The evolutionary success of influenza virus lineages depends on how these mutations affect HA’s functionality and antigenicity. Here we experimentally measure the effects on viral growth in cell culture of all single amino-acid mutations to the HA from a recent human H3N2 influenza virus strain. We show that mutations that are measured to be more favorable for viral growth are enriched in evolutionarily successful H3N2 viral lineages relative to mutations that are measured to be less favorable for viral growth. Therefore, despite the well-known caveats about cell-culture measurements of viral fitness, such measurements can still be informative for understanding evolution in nature. We also compare our measurements for H3 HA to similar data previously generated for a distantly related H1 HA, and find substantial differences in which amino acids are preferred at many sites. For instance, the H3 HA has less disparity in mutational tolerance between the head and stalk domains than the H1 HA. Overall, our work suggests that experimental measurements of mutational effects can be leveraged to help understand the evolutionary fates of viral lineages in nature — but only when the measurements are made on a viral strain similar to the ones being studied in nature.Significance StatementA key goal in the study of influenza virus evolution is to forecast which viral strains will persist and which ones will die out. Here we experimentally measure the effects of all amino-acid mutations to the hemagglutinin protein from a human H3N2 influenza strain on viral growth in cell culture. We show that these measurements have utility for distinguishing among viral strains that do and do not succeed in nature. Overall, our work suggests that new high-throughput experimental approaches may be useful for understanding virus evolution in nature.
Sex-dependent Relationship Between Wrist Deviation and Scaphoid Kinematics
Authors: Borgese Marissa , Foster Brent , Boutin Robert D. , Bayne Christopher O. , Szabo Robert M. , Chaudhari Abhijit J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSeveral methods of describing patterns of carpal kinematics from radiographs have emerged due to their potential use in developing personalized treatments for wrist pathologies. Such radiography-derived metrics have been used to infer associations between patterns of scaphoid kinematics and other clinically relevant factors such as sex, but the simultaneous effects of sex and wrist position on scaphoid kinematic metrics has yet to be considered. We sought to investigate the relationship between wrist position in the coronal plane and radiographic measurements of the scaphoid for each sex independently, then identify sex-specific differences in scaphoid measurements and calculated metrics. We retrospectively identified 38 subjects with posteroanterior radial and ulnar deviation radiographs. Radiographic scaphoid measurements were collected and used to calculate five scaphoid kinematic metrics per participant. We used Pearson correlation coefficients to explore the relationships between the degrees of wrist deviation in the coronal plane and radiographic scaphoid measurements for men and women independently. We used the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare values between sexes. The correlations between degrees of coronal wrist deviation and radiographic measurements of scaphoid inclination were significant only for men. Men also had significantly greater values for all radiographic scaphoid measurements. Our study demonstrated sex-specific differences in the relationship between the degrees of radial and ulnar wrist deviation and scaphoid positioning.Clinical RelevanceOur findings show the importance of stratifying by sex in studies of carpal kinematics, such as scaphoid kinematics, and that investigation of strategies to restore normal carpal function should incorporate sex as a biological variable.
Hard decisions shape the neural coding of preferences
Authors: Voigt Katharina , Murawski Carsten , Speer Sebastian , Bode Stefan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHard decisions between equally valued alternatives can result in preference changes, meaning that subsequent valuations for chosen items increase and decrease for rejected items. Previous research suggests that this phenomenon is a consequence of cognitive dissonance reduction after the decision, induced by the mismatch between initial preferences and decision outcomes. In contrast, this functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye-tracking study tested whether preferences are already updated online while making decisions. Preference changes could be predicted from activity in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus during decision-making. Furthermore, fixation durations predicted both choice outcomes and subsequent preference changes. These preference adjustments became behaviourally relevant at re-evaluation, but only for choices that were remembered and were associated with hippocampus activity. Our findings refute classical explanations of post-choice dissonance reduction and instead suggest that preferences evolve dynamically as decisions arise, potentially as a mechanism to prevent stalemate situations in underdetermined decision scenarios.
Rapid adjustment of pecking trajectory to prism-induced visual shifts in crows
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Izawa Ei-Ichi 
Published: April 2018

Summary statementThe mechanisms underlying birds’ pecking skills are not known. We examined whether pigeons and crows adjust their pecking to the visual distortion caused by prisms. We found that vision plays a role only before movement begins in pigeons, whereas crows may have more flexible visuomotor skills.ABSTRACTPecking in birds is analogous to reaching and grasping movements in primates. Although pecking in pigeons is highly stereotypic, crows show dexterous pecking skills. To unveil what sensorimotor mechanisms underlie the flexibility of pecking in crows, the current study examined whether pigeons and crows adjust their pecking to the visual distortion induced by prisms. Because prisms induce visual shifts of object positions, birds were required to adjust their movements. Pecking kinematics were examined before and after attaching prisms in front of the birds’ eyes. As a result, crows showed faster adjustment of pecking trajectories than pigeons. Correlational analysis showed that the initial deviation of trajectory strongly influenced the subsequent deviation in pigeons, but not in crows. These results suggest that pecking in pigeons is controlled in a feedforward manner, and vision plays a role before movement initiation, although pecking in crows is under the on-line motor control, serving a possible mechanism for flexible visuomotor skills.
Evaluation of UMAP as an alternative to t-SNE for single-cell data
Authors: Becht Etienne , Dutertre Charles-Antoine , Kwok Immanuel W. H. , Ng Lai Guan , Ginhoux Florent , Newell Evan W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a recently-published non-linear dimensionality reduction technique. Another such algorithm, t-SNE, has been the default method for such task in the past years. Herein we comment on the usefulness of UMAP high-dimensional cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, notably highlighting faster runtime and consistency, meaningful organization of cell clusters and preservation of continuums in UMAP compared to t-SNE.
STF-62247 blocks late stages of autophagy by disrupting lysosomal physiology
Authors: Bouhamdani Nadia , Comeau Dominique , Cormier Kevin , Turcotte Sandra 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSTF-62247 was previously identified as a promising compound able to selectively target the loss of the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) in renal cell carcinomas. This present work investigates the effect of STF-62247 on the autophagic flux. Our investigations show that STF-62247 blocks late stages of autophagy through lysosomal disruption. Indeed, STF-62247 localizes at lysosomes and causes unregulated swelling of these acidic compartments in VHL-mutated cells, linking a potential role for VHL in lysosomal integrity. Knock-outs of BECN1 and ATG5 were able to rescue the viability of VHL-mutated cells in response to STF-62247 but did not rescue the lysosomal swelling. In fact, neutralizing the lysosomal pH by inhibiting the vacuolar H+-ATPase completely rescued this phenotype. Moreover, we show that STF-62247 disrupts endocytic routes and causes cathepsin D trafficking defects. This mechanistic study is the first to characterize STF-62447 as a novel lysosomotropic compound. Importantly, our study re-classifies STF-62247 as a blocker of later stages of autophagy and highlights its potential usage as a powerful new tool for endocytic and autophagy-related research.
EZH2 co-opts gain-of-function p53 mutants to promote cancer growth and metastasis
Authors: Zhao Yu , Ding Liya , Wang Dejie , Ye Zhenqing , Pan Yunqian , Ma Linlin , Coleman Roger , Coleman Ilsa , Karnes R. Jeffery , Zhang Jun , Nelson Peter S. , Wang Liguo , Zhu Runzhi , Huang Haojie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the unfolding of more and more cancer-driven gain-of-function (GOF) mutants of p53, it is important to define a common mechanism to systematically target different mutants rather than develop strategies tailored to inhibit each mutant individually. Here, using RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) we identified EZH2 as a p53 mRNA-binding protein. EZH2 bound to the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of p53 mRNA and enhanced p53 protein translation in a methyltransferase-independent manner. EZH2 augmented p53 GOF mutant-mediated cancer growth and metastasis by increasing p53 GOF mutant protein level. EZH2 overexpression associated with the worse outcome only in patients with p53-mutated cancer. Depletion of EZH2 by antisense oligonucleotides inhibited p53 GOF mutant-mediated cancer growth. Our findings reveal a non-methyltransferase function of EZH2 that controls protein translation of p53 GOF mutants, inhibition of which causes synthetic lethality in cancer cells expressing p53 GOF mutants.
The emergence of an accounting practice
Authors: Bruno Adriana , Lapsley Irvine 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to add to our understanding of the nature of accrual accounting by examining the process involved in its construction, as a dynamic and controversial process. This paper reveals how it is built and constantly modified, reinforced or negated during the process of implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper’s focus on a government initiative with multiple actors present in the laboratory. Specifically, this study offers a close examination of the day-to-day activities of a laboratory case study; it focuses on participant observation in video conference calls. The discussions held by the project teams are analyzed to extend our inquiry into the most intimate aspects of fact construction (Latour and Woolgar, 1979). These excerpts illustrate the processes of accrual accounting construction and open up the possibility of studying the emergence of accrual accounting through the lens of an action net.

Findings
The evidence collected reveals the absence of a well-defined template for implementing accrual accounting in government. These results reveal an elaborate process of improvisation and fabrication in the design of this accounting system and a fragile network in action.

Originality/value
Prior research on accrual accounting in government focuses on the examination of existing accrual accounting systems with somewhat puzzling results on lack of use. In this study, the perspective has been shifted from focusing on accrual accounting as self-evident (Lapsley et al., 2009) to examine its construction. This paper examines this tension between the apparent certainties as espoused by practitioners and the problematic nature of accrual accounting in government. It extends our knowledge of “black box accrual accounting,” and shows that it is a fluid object with significant discretion in the determination of practice.
Equity market interactions
Authors: Graaf Johan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the sociology of financial analysis by exploring how sell-side analysts enact their professional roles during public earnings presentations. It addresses the following research question: How do analysts perform their professional roles in interactions with managers, fund managers and other analysts?

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopts a dramaturgical analysis of analysts’ interactions with managers and fund managers. The empirical material includes 50 hours of direct observations of earnings presentations and 21 interviews with analysts, managers and other relevant actors.

Findings
The findings show that analysts struggle with role conflicts because they need to satisfy the contrasting demands of managers, fund managers and colleagues. Performing the role of an expert critic mainly depends on the approval of managers; yet, analysts also find themselves in situations where they must confront the managers. To counter role conflicts and sustain their role performance, analysts also produce displays of role distance and carefully prepare to meet their audiences’ expectations. To maintain the role of the expert critic, analysts depend on both those taking their advice (fund managers) and those being reviewed (managers).

Originality/value
This study is one of few empirically rich investigations of analysts’ activities, interactions with managers and meetings with multiple audiences. It also contributes to previous interview studies using dramaturgical analysis by offering in-depth observations of a single, distinct situated activity system.
The winding road to fair value accounting in China: a social movement analysis
Authors: Bewley Kathryn , Graham Cameron , Peng Songlan 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine China’s stop-start adoption of fair value accounting (FVA) into its national accounting standards. The paper analyzes how FVA standards promoted by transnational organizations were eventually adopted in China despite its conservative accounting traditions.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses archival records and an analytic framework adapted from the studies of social movements to identify the institutional factors that differ between China’ first unsuccessful attempt to adopt FVA and its second successful attempt.FindingsShared interests of elite national and international groups, creation of social infrastructure, marshaling of key resources, and specific actions to frame FVA standards are found to be crucial factors supporting FVA reform in China.Practical implicationsThe study helps advance our understanding of dissemination of international accounting regulations in non-Western societies. The findings can help accounting standard setters to avoid costly failures.Originality/valueThe study provides a structured analysis of the propagation of global accounting regulations. It exposes the factors in the failure and success of FVA adoption in China.