bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave-mean Flow Interactions in the Atmospheric Circulation of Tidally Locked Planets
Authors: Hammond Mark , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We use a linear shallow-water model to investigate the global circulation of the atmospheres of tidally locked planets. Simulations, observations, and simple models show that if these planets are sufficiently rapidly rotating, their atmospheres have an eastward equatorial jet and a hotspot east of the substellar point. We linearize the shallow-water model about this eastward flow and its associated height perturbation. The forced solutions of this system show that the shear flow explains the form of the global circulation, particularly the hotspot shift and the positions of the cold standing waves on the nightside. We suggest that the eastward hotspot shift seen in observations and 3D simulations of these atmospheres is caused by the zonal flow Doppler shifting the stationary wave response eastwards, summed with the height perturbation from the flow itself. This differs from other studies that explained the hotspot shift as pure advection of heat from air flowing eastwards from the substellar point, or as equatorial waves traveling eastwards. We compare our solutions to simulations in our climate model Exo-FMS, and show that the height fields and wind patterns match. We discuss how planetary properties affect the global circulation, and how they change observables such as the hotspot shift or day–night contrast. We conclude that the wave-mean flow interaction between the stationary planetary waves and the equatorial jet is a vital part of the equilibrium circulation on tidally locked planets.
Effect of Alpha Beams on Low-frequency Electromagnetic Waves Driven by Proton Beams
Authors: Xiang L. , Wu D. J. , Chen L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) below or near the proton gyrofrequency can be left-hand (LH) or right-hand (RH) polarized waves, which are believed to be fundamentally important in the energization of plasma particles. Proton and alpha beams that are associated with EMW activities are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas. Based upon linear Vlasov theory, we study the effect of alpha beams on the LH and RH instabilities driven by both the presence of proton and alpha beam populations in a compensated-current system. The results show that the thresholds, real frequencies, and growth rates of both instabilities are highly sensitive to the density and drift velocity of alpha beams. In particular, alpha beams with

inhibit two kinds of instabilities; where

is the drift velocity of alpha beams with minimum values of growth rates, while for

both the growth rates are enhanced with the density or drift velocity of alpha beams, especially for the LH waves. We also investigate the competition between the LH and RH instabilities. The RH waves have a lower threshold and higher growth rate than the LH waves. Additionally, a comparison of the approximate analytical solutions with the exact numerical calculations based on WHAMP indicates that the analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations. A possible application to EMW activities with respect to the formation and evolution of ion beams in the solar wind is briefly discussed.
Magnetic Structures at the Boundary of the Closed Corona: Interpretation of S-Web Arcs
Authors: Scott Roger B. , Pontin David I. , Yeates Anthony R. , Wyper Peter F. , Higginson Aleida K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The topology of coronal magnetic fields near the open-closed magnetic flux boundary is important to the the process of interchange reconnection, whereby plasma is exchanged between open and closed flux domains. Maps of the magnetic squashing factor in coronal field models reveal the presence of the Separatrix-Web (S-Web), a network of separatrix surfaces and quasi-separatrix layers, along which interchange reconnection is highly likely. Under certain configurations, interchange reconnection within the S-Web could potentially release coronal material from the closed magnetic field regions to high-latitude regions far from the heliospheric current sheet, where it is observed as slow solar wind. It has also been suggested that transport along the S-Web may be a possible cause for the observed large longitudinal spreads of some impulsive, 3He-rich solar energetic particle events. Here, we demonstrate that certain features of the S-Web reveal structural aspects of the underlying magnetic field, specifically regarding the arcing bands of highly squashed magnetic flux observed at the outer boundary of global magnetic field models. In order for these S-Web arcs to terminate or intersect away from the helmet streamer apex, there must be a null spine line that maps a finite segment of the photospheric open-closed boundary up to a singular point in the open flux domain. We propose that this association between null spine lines and arc termination points may be used to identify locations in the heliosphere that are preferential for the appearance of solar energetic particles and plasma from the closed corona, with characteristics that may inform our understanding of interchange reconnection and the acceleration of the slow solar wind.
Physical and Chemical Conditions of the Protostellar Envelope and the Protoplanetary Disk in HL Tau
Authors: Wu Chun-Ju , Hirano Naomi , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Yen Hsi-Wei , Aso Yusuke 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report our Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the Class I–II protostar HL Tau in 13CO (2–1), C18O (2–1), SO(56–45), and 1.3 mm dust-continuum emission and our analyses of the ALMA long baseline data of HCO+ (1–0) emission. The 1.3 mm continuum emission observed with the SMA shows compact (∼0.″8 × 0.″5) and extended (∼6.″5 × 4.″3) components, tracing the protoplanetary disk and the protostellar envelope, respectively. The 13CO, C18O, and HCO+ show a compact (∼200 au) component at velocities higher than 3 km s−1 from the systemic velocity and an extended (∼1000 au) component at lower velocities. The high-velocity component traces the Keplerian rotating disk, and the low-velocity component traces the infalling envelope. The HCO+ high-velocity component is fitted with a Keplerian disk model with a central stellar mass of 1.4 M
⊙. The radial intensity profiles of 13CO and C18O along the disk major axis are fitted with a disk+envelope model, and the gas masses of the disk and envelope are estimated to be (2–40) × 10–4
M
⊙ and

M
⊙, respectively. The disk dust mass has been estimated to be (1–3) × 10−3
M
⊙ in the literature. Thus, our estimated disk gas mass suggests that the gas-to-dust mass ratio in the disk is <10, a factor of 10 lower than the estimated ratio in the envelope. We discuss possible gas depletion or CO depletion in the planet-forming candidate HL Tau in the context of disk and envelope evolution.
The Bending Feature of the Fermi Bubbles: A Presumed Horizontal Galactic Wind and Its Implication on the Bubbles’ Age
Authors: Mou Guobin , Sun Dongze , Xie Fuguo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There are two spectacular structures in our Milky Way: the Fermi bubbles in gamma-ray observations and the North Polar Spur (NPS) structure in X-ray observations. Because of their morphological similarities, they may share the same origin, i.e., related to the past activity of Galactic center. These structures demonstrate a significant bending feature toward the west in Galactic coordinates. This inspires us to consider the possibility that the bending may be caused by a presumed global horizontal galactic wind (HGW) blowing from the east to the west. Under this assumption, we adopt a toy shock-expansion model to understand two observational features: (1) the relative thickness of the NPS; (2) the bending of the Fermi bubbles and the NPS. In this model, the contact discontinuity marks the boundary of the Fermi bubbles, and the shocked interstellar medium (ISM) marks the NPS X-ray structure. We find that the Mach number of the forward shock in the east is ∼1.9–2.3, and the velocity of the HGW is ∼0.7–0.9c
s. Depending on the temperature of the pre-shock ISM, the velocity of the expanding NPS in Galactic coordinates is around 180–290

, and the HGW is ∼110–190

. We argue that the age of the NPS and the Fermi bubbles is about 18–34 Myr. This is a novel method, independent of injection theories and radiative mechanisms, for the estimation on the age of the Fermi bubble/NPS.
Une innovation impossible ?
Authors: Philippe Yann 
Published: December 2018

La notation des fonctionnaires municipaux devient un enjeu politique et administratif d’importance au tournant du xx	e siècle à New York. À travers le cas d’étude de la police de New York (NYPD), l’article vise à étudier l’histoire contrariée de la notation. Source de scandales et symbole d’arbitraire politique au tout début du siècle, celle-ci est érigée quelques années plus tard par les réformateurs « progressistes » en levier de la modernisation administrative avant d’être en grande partie neutralisée à la fin des années 1910, au moment où les policiers professionnels accèdent à la tête du NYPD.
« Faire sciences participatives » dans le domaine de l’eau. Trajectoires croisées au Nord et au Sud
Authors: Mitroi Veronica , Deroubaix José-Frédéric 
Published: December 2018

Le présent article dresse un état des lieux des sciences participatives dans le domaine de l’eau en interrogeant la manière dont ces nouvelles pratiques de production de savoirs participent du renouvellement de l’expertise et des savoirs considérés comme légitimes dans le domaine de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques. Les auteurs s’appuient sur différents corpus empiriques : une analyse de la littérature grise française faisant l’état des sciences participatives, une analyse bibliométrique de la littérature scientifique à l’échelle mondiale et enfin, différentes expériences de recherche participative dans des contextes d’expertise sur les milieux aquatiques très contrastés : la France et la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette diversité de matériaux nous permet de discuter plus généralement de la contribution des sciences participatives à la reformulation des fondements épistémologiques de la relation entre science, savoirs experts et acteurs de la société. Nous interrogeons la contribution des différentes formes de sciences participatives que nous avons recensées et analysées à la redéfinition du couple scientifique-citoyen, tant dans le domaine de la production des connaissances et des expertises que dans celui de la gouvernance des milieux aquatiques.
La proximité au prisme du débat entre « conventionnalistes » et « régulationnistes »
Authors: Doré Gwénaël 
Published: December 2018

L’« École française de la proximité » (EP) s’est constituée parallèlement à l’affirmation en France de deux courants économiques hétérodoxes un temps confondus : la Théorie de la Régulation et l’Économie des Conventions (respectivement TR et EC). Ainsi certains membres de l'EP ont affirmé leur parenté avec l’un et/ou l’autre de ces courants, et une confrontation a persisté au sein de l'EP au sujet de la proximité non géographique, déclinée en proximité organisée (approche interactionniste), ou selon une double notion de proximité institutionnelle et organisationnelle (approche institutionnaliste). Il se dégage chez certains auteurs proximistes une tendance pour évacuer la notion d’institution tout en se revendiquant institutionnaliste. Après une présentation des différentes approches de la proximité, nous examinons ensuite les relations entre la TR et l’EC. En conclusion, nous considérons que le primat de la proximité institutionnelle devrait conduire l'École de la Proximité à se situer plutôt du côté de l'institutionnalisme, porté notamment par la TR.
Magic Mushroom Clouds: The Atomic Bomb as American Psychotrope
Authors: Michael Banco Lindsey 
Published: December 2018

Cet article vise à montrer que la bombe atomique a eu des effets psychotropes sur la conscience américaine. Il propose d’étendre la signification du terme « psychotrope » afin d’englober la tropologie de la bombe atomique et le tournant initié par l’apparition de la bombe au milieu du xx e siècle. L’analyse porte sur une variété d’exemples de « culture nucléaire » issus de la photographie, du cinéma, de la télévision, du théâtre et des paysages des armes nucléaires, faisant émerger deux catégories d’effets « psychédéliques » de la bombe atomique. Il s’agit d’abord d’identifier brièvement quelques-uns des moyens par lesquels la bombe rend la conscience américaine plus réceptive aux formes de conformité requises pour défendre l’usage des armes atomiques. L’article ensuite repère les moments les plus perturbateurs dans le psychédélisme de la bombe atomique, ces moments où l’apparition de la bombe dans la culture populaire vire à l’absurde.
R. Gordon Wasson and the Publicity Campaign to Introduce Magic Mushrooms to Mid-Century America
Authors: Siff Stephen 
Published: December 2018

En mai 1957, une série d’articles parus dans le magazine Life et nombre de grands journaux nationaux annoncent la « découverte » de « champignons magiques » hallucinogènes par un couple d’aventuriers. Robert Gordon Wasson et Valentina Wasson racontent comment ils ont fait usage du champignon dans un village indigène, un récit qui intensifie le tourisme de la drogue au Mexique de même que les ventes par correspondance de peyotl, une substance psychédélique aux effets similaires. Pour le couple, le champignon magique procure une expérience transcendante qui n’est autre que le fondement pré-moderne de la religion globale. Rejetée par les universitaires, cette théorie suscite un très vif intérêt auprès des journalistes et du grand public. Pour faire connaître sa découverte, R. Gordon Wasson mène une campagne comprenant des tournées de conférences, des expositions muséales et de nombreux entretiens avec des journalistes. Cet article s’appuie sur les archives du couple, conservées à la Harvard University Herbaria, pour comprendre comment leur initiative a contribué à la prolifération de théories idiosyncratiques sur l’expérience des drogues psychédéliques.
Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration and Polychromatic Image Quality Metrics of Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Łabuz Grzegorz , Papadatou Eleni , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:
To measure longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of various intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to assess LCA effects on polychromatic image quality with a focus on multifocal IOL designs.

METHODS:
The LCA values of four multifocal IOL models (three diffractive models: AT LARA 829MP and AT LISA 809M [both from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany] and Restor SN6AD1 [Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX] and one refractive model [Mini Well Ready; SIFI Medtech, Sant'Antonio, Italy]) were compared with that of their monofocal counterparts. Optical properties were assessed using an optical bench device with spectral filters. LCA was calculated as a difference of a lens power at 480 and 644 nm. The optical quality was evaluated objectively by means of modulation transfer function metrics.

RESULTS:
At far, LCA of an aphakic model eye (1.04 diopters [D]) increased with the AT Lisa, Restor, and Mini Well IOLs to 1.40, 1.91, and 1.27 D, respectively, but decreased to 0.78 D with the AT Lara IOL. The AT Lisa and Restor IOLs showed comparable results with their monofocal platforms. A near-focus LCA decreased only in the diffractive IOLs. At far, the polychromatic modulation transfer function was reduced in all IOLs, but LCA effects were attenuated at near.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multifocal IOLs and their monofocal counterparts show similar material dispersion. Multifocal diffractive IOLs proved effective in reducing LCA, but the efficiency of the LCA correction differed depending on the optical design. LCA adversely affects the polychromatic image quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):832–838.]
Les deux langues en clair-obscur dans Mimodrames et Icônes de Juan Mari Lekuona
Authors: Arcocha-Scarcia Aurelia 
Published: December 2018

Les brouillons du dernier ouvrage publié en langue basque par le poète Juan Maria Lekuona (1927-2005), Mimodramak eta Ikonoak (Mimodrames et Icônes) révèlent la présence d’une deuxième langue, l’espagnol, qui agit comme un miroir dans le processus créatif. Cette pratique auto-traductive concerne la phase rédactionnelle de la création, après une première maturation en langue basque. Dans les dernières étapes du processus d’écriture, la seule langue utilisée sera le basque, et Mimodrames et Icônes sera édité uniquement en langue basque en 1990. Ni le lecteur ni le critique ne peuvent en soupçonner l’épaisseur bilingue s’ils n’ont pas accès aux brouillons. Pourtant, la pratique auto-traductive permet à Lekuona d’augmenter le champ chromatique de la langue de création destinée à la publication. Pourquoi le poète, lui-même traducteur, n’a-t-il pas publié ses auto-traductions ? Pourquoi n’en a-t-il pas parlé ? Cet article aborde les particularités d’une pratique poétique auto-traductive tenue secrète, chez l’un des plus importants poètes contemporains du Pays basque péninsulaire, en Espagne.
Aperçus d’une genèse bilingue chez Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
Authors: Riffard Claire 
Published: December 2018

Le poète malgache Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1903-1937) a légué à ses enfants le brouillon entièrement bilingue de son recueil poétique Presque-Songes, dont il n’a publié que la version française. La disposition des poèmes sur la page est toujours identique : version malgache à gauche, version française à droite, séparées par un trait central. Quelle version précède l’autre ? Le brouillon du recueil atteste en réalité d’une écriture conjointe et d’une influence réciproque d’une version sur l’autre. L’article analyse en particulier la genèse du poème liminaire « Asara/Été », et montre un processus complexe où les deux versions du poème ne sont pas simplement successives mais interagissent dès la campagne d’écriture.
Les brouillons « entre les langues » de Raoul Hausmann
Authors: Mareuge Agathe 
Published: December 2018

Cette contribution prend appui sur les brouillons plurilingues de l’écrivain et artiste Raoul Hausmann, « dadasophe » autoproclamé, à son « anti-roman » Hylé et son recueil d’essais Courrier Dada. Ces brouillons sont conservés dans les archives du fonds Raoul Hausmann du Musée de Rochechouart, dans le Limousin, où Hausmann vécut en exil à partir de 1939. Ils montrent que l’autotraduction à laquelle il se livre alors est paradigmatique de sa poétique. Premièrement, l’(auto)traduction apparaît comme un nouvel avatar des techniques de montage, de collage et d’assemblage, que Raoul Hausmann pratiqua dès Dada Berlin (1918-1920). Deuxièmement, la traduction fut pour Hausmann l’occasion de mettre en œuvre une écriture « optophonétique », c’est-à-dire qui transforme en sons, en matériau sonore les impressions visuelles et corporelles perçues par le poète. Les brouillons documentent ainsi le processus de création « entre les langues » qui est au cœur de l’œuvre haussmannienne.
Cytomegalovirus Exposure in the Elderly Does Not Reduce CD8 T Cell Repertoire Diversity
Authors: Lindau Paul , Mukherjee Rithun , Gutschow Miriam V. , Vignali Marissa , Warren Edus H. , Riddell Stanley R. , Makar Karen W. , Turtle Cameron J. , Robins Harlan S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
With age, the immune system becomes less effective, causing increased susceptibility to infection. Chronic CMV infection further impairs immune function and is associated with increased mortality in the elderly. CMV exposure elicits massive CD8+ T cell clonal expansions and diminishes the cytotoxic T cell response to subsequent infections, leading to the hypothesis that to maintain homeostasis, T cell clones are expelled from the repertoire, reducing T cell repertoire diversity and diminishing the ability to combat new infections. However, in humans, the impact of CMV infection on the structure and diversity of the underlying T cell repertoire remains uncharacterized. Using TCR β-chain immunosequencing, we observed that the proportion of the peripheral blood T cell repertoire composed of the most numerous 0.1% of clones is larger in the CMV seropositive and gradually increases with age. We found that the T cell repertoire in the elderly grows to accommodate CMV-driven clonal expansions while preserving its underlying diversity and clonal structure. Our observations suggest that the maintenance of large CMV-reactive T cell clones throughout life does not compromise the underlying repertoire. Alternatively, we propose that the diminished immunity in elderly individuals with CMV is due to alterations in cellular function rather than a reduction in CD8+ T cell repertoire diversity.
Deficiency of β-Arrestin 2 in Dendritic Cells Contributes to Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Cai Yingying , Yang Cuixia , Yu Xiaohan , Qian Jie , Dai Min , Wang Yan , Qin Chaoyan , Lai Weiming , Chen Shuai , Wang Tingting , Zhou Jinfeng , Ma Ningjia , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ru , Shen Nan , Xie Xin , Du Changsheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Altered migration and immune responses of dendritic cells (DCs) lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our studies demonstrated that β-arrestin 2 deficiency promoted migration and cytokine production of mouse bone marrow–derived DCs. We further found that β-arrestin 2 directly interacted with Zbtb46, a DC-specific transcription factor. What’s more, our results suggested that the interaction between β-arrestin 2 and Zbtb46 might negatively regulate DC migration. Using RNA sequencing, we indicated that genes CD74, NR4A1, and ZFP36 might be the target genes regulated by the interaction between β-arrestin 2 and Zbtb46. Mice with selective deficiency of β-arrestin 2 in DCs developed severer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with more DC infiltration in the CNS and increased IL-6 in serum. In the systemic lupus erythematosus mice model, Arrb2fl/fl Itgax-cre+ mice were prone to exacerbation of lupus nephritis with a higher level of IL-6 and DC accumulation. Taken together, our study identified β-arrestin 2 as a new regulator of DC migration and immune properties, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune disease.
Extent of MHC Clustering Regulates Selectivity and Effectiveness of T Cell Responses
Authors: Anikeeva Nadia , Fischer Nicholas O. , Blanchette Craig D. , Sykulev Yuri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMHC proteins that present peptide ligands for recognition by TCR form nanoscale clusters on the cell membrane of APCs. How the extent of MHC clustering controls productive TCR engagement and TCR-mediated signaling has not been systematically studied. To evaluate the role of MHC clustering, we exploited nanoscale discoidal membrane mimetics (nanolipoprotein particles) to capture and present peptide–MHC (pMHC) ligands at various densities. We examined the binding of these model membrane clusters to the surface of live human CD8+ T cells and the subsequent triggering of intracellular signaling. The data demonstrate that the proximity of pMHC ligands, high association rate of CD8–MHC interactions, and relatively long lifetime of cognate TCR–pMHC complexes emerge as essential parameters, explaining the significance of MHC clustering. Rapid rebinding of CD8 to MHC suggests a dual role of CD8 in facilitating the T cells’ hunt for a rare foreign pMHC ligand and the induction of rapid T cell response. Thus, our findings provide a new understanding of how MHC clustering influences multivalent interactions of pMHC ligands with CD8 and TCR on live T cells that regulate Ag recognition, kinetics of intracellular signaling, and the selectivity and efficiency of T cell responses.