bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Depth Profiles Induced in Human Skin In Vivo Using Pulsed 975 nm Irradiation
Authors: Milanic Matija , Cenian Adam , Verdel Nina , Cenian Witold , Stergar Jost , Majaron Boris 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the temperature depth profiles induced in human skin in vivo by using a pulsed 975 nm diode laser (with 5 ms pulse duration) and compare them with those induced by the more common 532 nm (KTP) and 1,064 nm (Nd:YAG) lasers. Quantitative assessment of the energy deposition characteristics in human skin at 975 nm should help design of safe and effective treatment protocols when using such lasers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTemperature depth profiles induced in the human skin by the three lasers were determined using pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR). This technique involves time‐resolved measurement of mid‐infrared emission from the irradiated test site and reconstruction of the laser‐induced temperature profiles using an earlier developed optimization algorithm. Measurements were performed on volar sides of the forearms in seven volunteers with healthy skin. At irradiation spot diameters of 3–4 mm, the radiant exposures were 0.24, 0.36, and 5.7 J/cm2 for the 975, 532, and 1,064 nm lasers, respectively.ResultsUpon normalization to the same radiant exposure of 1 J/cm
2, the assessed maximum temperature rise in the epidermis averaged 0.8 °C for the 975 nm laser, 7.4 °C for the 532 nm, and 0.6 °C for the 1,064 nm laser. The characteristic subsurface depth to which 50% of the absorbed laser energy was deposited was on average 0.31 mm at 975 nm irradiation, and slightly deeper at 1,064 nm, and 0.15 mm at 532 nm. The experimentally obtained relations were reproduced in a dedicated numerical simulation.ConclusionsThe assessed energy deposition characteristics show that the pulsed 975 nm diode laser is very suitable for controlled heating of the upper dermis as required, for example, for nonablative skin rejuvenation. The risks of nonselective overheating of the epidermis and subcutis are significantly reduced in comparison with irradiation at 532 and 1,064 nm, respectively. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eugenol: A Promising Building Block for Synthesis of Radically Polymerizable Monomers
Authors: Molina‐Gutiérrez Samantha , Manseri Abdelatif , Ladmiral Vincent , Bongiovanni Roberta , Caillol Sylvain , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEugenol, a natural phenol currently mainly obtained from clove oil, is an interesting aromatic building block for the synthesis of novel biobased monomers. It can also be obtained from lignin depolymerization, becoming a promising building block due to lignin availability as biomass feedstock. The synthesis of eight monomers derived from eugenol containing polymerizable functional groups is achieved. The (meth)acrylation of eugenol, isoeugenol, and dihydroeugenol is performed and the solution homopolymerization of these biobased monomers is studied. Moreover, aiming to prepare functional polymers, the introduction of epoxy and cyclic carbonate groups is executed via modification of the allylic double bond present in eugenol derived methacrylate. Thus, a novel platform of versatile biobased monomers derived from eugenol is presented, opening the opportunity to use them in a wide range of polymerization processes and applications
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition
Authors: Cinelli Maris A. , Do Ha T. , Miley Galen P. , Silverman Richard B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA considerable number of human diseases have an inflammatory component, and a key mediator of immune activation and inflammation is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) from l‐arginine. Overexpressed or dysregulated iNOS has been implicated in numerous pathologies including sepsis, cancer, neurodegeneration, and various types of pain. Extensive knowledge has been accumulated about the roles iNOS plays in different tissues and organs. Additionally, X‐ray crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures have shed new insights on the structure and regulation of this enzyme. Many potent iNOS inhibitors with high selectivity over related NOS isoforms, neuronal NOS, and endothelial NOS, have been discovered, and these drugs have shown promise in animal models of endotoxemia, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, arthritis, and other disorders. A major issue in iNOS inhibitor development is that promising results in animal studies have not translated to humans; there are no iNOS inhibitors approved for human use. In addition to assay limitations, both the dual modalities of iNOS and NO in disease states (ie, protective vs harmful effects) and the different roles and localizations of NOS isoforms create challenges for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the structure, function, and regulation of iNOS, with focus on the development of iNOS inhibitors (historical and recent). A better understanding of iNOS’ complex functions is necessary before specific drug candidates can be identified for classical indications such as sepsis, heart failure, and pain; however, newer promising indications for iNOS inhibition, such as depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and epilepsy, have been discovered.
Design and analysis of dual‐band antenna array generating dual‐mode vortex electromagnetic waves
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhu Cheng , Cui Zhen , Jia Jinxiao , Li Tong , Wang Chuanbing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt present, the conventional generation method of orbital angular momentum (OAM) based on antenna array faces plenty of challenges, such as finite OAM mode number (topological charge number), single operating frequency, and so on. In this article, we propose a dual‐band working antenna array, fed by a dual‐band differential‐phase feeding network, to generate vortex electromagnetic waves with two different modes. The dual‐band slot antenna is used as the array's element, and the antenna array is codesigned with a differential‐phase feeding network working at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz, respectively. The simulation and measurement results, including the E‐field distribution in near field and radiation pattern in far field, both validate that the proposed antenna array could generate vortex electromagnetic fields with mode 1 at 0.9 GHz and mode 2 at 1.8 GHz. The proposed approach may provide a novel path for the generation and detection of vortex electromagnetic waves in a high‐performance wireless communication system in the future.
Nicotine‐induced hypoxia in rat urothelium deteriorates bladder storage functions
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Imamura Tetsuya , Ogawa Teruyuki , Minagawa Tomonori , Domen Takahisa , Suzuki Toshiro , Ueno Manabu , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo measure the effects of nicotine on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), bladder blood flow, and the urothelial markers hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), uroplakin III (UPIII), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3).MethodsTen‐week‐old female Sprague Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg nicotine (n = 17) or vehicle (control, n = 18) twice daily for 13 days. Some nicotine‐treated rats (n = 10) were injected daily with 1 mg/kg tadalafil for the last 6 days of nicotine treatment. One day before cystometry, the bladders of some nicotine‐treated and control rats were instilled with 0.08% acetic acid. Urinary frequency and volume were measured 1 day after treatment. Blood flow in the bladder neck was measured, and the urothelia were immunochemically assayed for HIF1α, UPIII, and AQP3.ResultsFollowing acetic acid treatment, both voiding interval and micturition volume of the nicotine‐treated rats were significantly lower than controls. Nicotine‐treated rats had lower blood flow than controls, and the urothelial expression of HIF1α was higher than controls. Simultaneously, the expressions of UPIII and AQP3 were decreased. Tadalafil treatment increased bladder blood flow, and nicotine‐treated rats had increased voiding interval and micturition volume. Further, the expression of HIF1α decreased, and both UPIII and AQP3 levels increased.ConclusionsNicotine‐treated rats stimulated by intravesicular acetic acid instillation exhibited deterioration of bladder storage functions. Changes in tissue markers in the nicotine‐treated rats were consistent with hypoxia and loss of urothelial function. Restoration of blood flow reversed the nicotine effects. Nicotine may induce LUTS through reduced bladder blood flow and urothelial hypoxia.
A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Raygan Fariba , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Akbari Elmira , Bahmani Fereshteh , Memarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Sharifi Nasrin , Jafarnejad Sadegh , Banikazemi Zarrin , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: June 2019

This study compared the effects of flaxseed and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular risk parameters in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Participants were randomly allocated into three intervention groups to receive either 1,000 mg of omega‐3 fatty acids from fish oil or 1,000 mg of omega‐3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil or placebo (n = 30 each group) twice a day for 12 weeks. A significant reduction in insulin levels (.04) was observed following flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation compared with the placebo. In addition, a significant reduction in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (.02) was seen after flaxseed oil supplementation compared with the placebo and a significant increase in total nitrite (.001) was seen after flaxseed oil and fish oil intake compared with placebo. Additionally, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) after consuming flaxseed oil and fish oil compared with placebo and glutathione levels (.001) after consuming fish oil compared with flaxseed oil and placebo was observed. Overall, our study revealed the beneficial effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on few metabolic profiles. This study suggests that the effect of flaxseed oil in reducing insulin and increasing total nitrite and total antioxidant capacity is similar to fish oil.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Pyrimidinyl Benzothiazine Carboxamides
Authors: Tamatam Rekha , Panga Siva Sankar , Grigory Zyryanov , Gundala Sravya , Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy , Vasikarla Kamala Prasad , Adivireddy Padmaja , Venkatapuram Padmavathi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA variety of pyrimidinyl benzothiazine carboxamides were prepared from benzothiazine carboxylate and 4,6‐diaryl/heteroarylpyrimidinyl‐2‐amines. The compounds having 4‐nitro phenyl, 4‐pyridinyl and pyrazolyl ‐ pyrimidinyl benzothiazine carboxamide moieties 6 e, 6 i, 6 j, 6 k and 6 m displayed prominent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Further, compounds having pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl and indolyl units 6 f, 6 k, 6 m and 6 n displayed prominent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. On the other hand, compounds with electron donating substituents on the aromatic ring (6 b, 6 c) and those with furan moiety (6 g, 6 h and 6 l) displayed very good free radical scavenging activity greater than Ascorbic acid.
Decomposition Kinetics of Substituted Energetic Isowurtzitane Cage Molecules Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) and TEX: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vargeese Anuj A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractN‐substituted hexa(N‐Nitro) compound 2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazatetracyclo‐ [5.5.0.05,9.03,11] dodecane (HNIW or CL‐20) and the O‐substituted di(N‐Nitro)) compound 4,10‐dinitro‐2,6,8,12‐tetraoxa‐4,10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]‐dodecane (TEX) are two interesting energetic Isowurtzitane cage molecules. To develop an understanding about the underlying phenomena during explosion/combustion, the thermal decomposition behaviour and kinetics of HNIW and TEX is studied. The solid phase decomposition of HNIW shows a dependence on the extent of reaction (α), while the liquid phase decomposition of TEX is independent of α. This point towards the multistep reaction kinetics involved in the HNIW decomposition and a single stage decomposition or unification of multistep reactions exhibited by TEX during the melt phase decomposition. However, the sublimation process in TEX is defined by different activation energy values. The experimental results are presented here and theoretical possibilities are being explored through quantum chemical studies. Our study aims to provide a link between the decomposition behaviour of Isowurtzitane cage molecules and their combustion behaviour.
Self‐Assembly of Biocompatible FeSe Hollow Nanostructures and 2D CuFeSe Nanosheets with One‐ and Two‐Photon Luminescence Properties
Authors: Deng Yang , Li Dianqi , Ning Xingming , Zhang Dongxu , Zhang Shouting , Zhang Zhen , Shan Duoliang , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Dingbin , Mao Xiang , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides are investigated for catalyst, intermediary agency, and particular optical properties because of their distinguished electron‐vacancy‐transfer (EVT) process toward different applications. In this work, one convenient approach for making pure‐phased FeSe nanocrystals (NCs) and doped CuFeSe nanosheets (NSs) through a wet chemistry method in mixed solvents is illustrated. The surface modification of each product is realized by using a peptide molecule glutathione (GSH), in which the thiol group (−SH) is ascribed to be the in situ reducer and bonding agency between the crystalline surface and surfactant in whole constructing processes. Due to the functional groups in biological GSH, highly aggregated NCs are rebuilt in the form of an FeSe hollow structure through amino and carboxyl cross‐linking functions through a spontaneous assembly procedure. Owing to the coupling procedure of Cu and Fe in the growth process, it generates enhanced EVT. Additionally, it shows the emission spectra of λEM‐PL = 436 nm (FeSe) and 452 nm (CuFeSe) while λEX‐PL = 356 nm, it also conveys two‐photon phenomenon while λEX‐PL = 720 nm. Moreover, it also shows strong off‐resonant luminescence due to two‐photon absorption, which should be valuable for biological applications.
Dyslexia: What Reading Teachers Need to Know
Authors: Johnston Vickie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDyslexia is a neurological language‐based learning disability. Several legislative bills related to dyslexia have recently been introduced in the United States so dyslexia can be understood and interventions in reading instruction can be provided. Studies have shown measurable improvements in the language areas of the brain's left hemisphere after reading interventions with students with dyslexia, and multisensory teaching strategies can be the difference between academic success and academic failure and frustration. Effective methods for working with students with dyslexia support an explicit, systematic, cumulative, and multisensory approach that integrates listening, speaking, reading, and writing and emphasizes phonology, orthography, syntax, morphology, semantics, and the organization of spoken and written discourse. The author shares what dyslexia is not, what it is, and how literacy teachers can support their students with dyslexia.
Simulation and design of energy materials accelerated by machine learning
Authors: Wang Hongshuai , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the light of mature mathematical algorithms and material database construction, a basic research framework of machine learning (ML) method integrated with computational chemistry toolkits exhibits great potentials and advantages in the field of material researches. In this review, we introduce a work flow of ML in energy materials and demonstrate its recent applications in accelerating the material exploration, especially significant progresses in designing novel catalysts, organic and inorganic battery materials and metal–organic framework materials. As a rising research direction, we also identify the prospects and challenges of ML. More automated and intelligent workflows will be widely used in energy material design with the development of ML. Our review provides a guideline to study and design energy materials in the framework of ML.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Geodynamic Significance of Cr-spinels from Ophiolite Mantle Peridotites of Northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Bhat I. M. , Ahmad T. , Rao D. V. Subba 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
In this contribution the composition of Cr-spinels from Suru valley ophiolite peridotites is described and compared these with published data from Shergol serpentinized peridotites, both of these sequences occur as dismembered ophiolite blocks along the Indus suture zone (ISZ), Ladakh Himalaya and those from Manipur ophiolite belong to the eastern Himalaya. Back scattered electron images reveal that the Cr-spinel have overgrowth of magnetite, which is the dominant textural feature of the investigated rock types. However, in few peridotite samples, gradual replacement of Cr-spinel by ferrian-chromite along grain boundaries commonly occurs. Based on the spinel geochemistry, the Shergol peridotites are characterized by Cr-poor/Al-rich Cr-spinels whereas, the Suru valley peridotites by Cr-rich/Al-poor Cr-spinels. Shergol and Manipur ophiolite indicate their ocean floor affinity and the Suru valley peridotites depict supra subduction zone characteristics.
Sediment Hosted Stratiform Copper (SSC) Mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari Area, North Delhi Fold Belt, Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Rajasthan
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Shubhabrata , Kumar Vineet , Sangwan Monika 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The rocks of the Kushalgarh Formation of the Delhi Supergroup in northeast Rajasthan, host low-temperature prospect generally known as sediment hosted stratiform copper (SSC) mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari area, district Sikar, Rajasthan. Mineralization is about 3km in length with variable width of up to 600m and sulphides occur mainly as fine dissemination as well as veinlets within the steeply dipping carbonate rocks, which were remobilized along the quartz-calcite veins during compaction and subsequent deformation. The prospect is product of low-temperature aqueous brines. The brines leached, transported, and deposited copper (and associated metals) as per physical and chemical stabilities. The mineralization in the Bhudoli-Basari SSC consists mainly of bedding-parallel disseminations of fine-grained sulphides, typically zoned. Copper is leached from poorly sorted first-cycle clastic sediments of footwall redbeds, associated meta/volcanics of the Raialo Group and basement rocks during their progressive diagenetic alteration by moderate-temperature oxygen rich brines. Ore mineral zoning from chalcocite to pyrite in the Bhudoli-Basari area is archetypal to other SSC deposits viz. the Kupferschiefer of Poland-Germany and the Central African Copper belt of Zambia.
Progress update from the hippocampal subfields group
Authors: Olsen Rosanna K. , Carr Valerie A. , Daugherty Ana M. , La Joie Renaud , Amaral Robert S.C. , Amunts Katrin , Augustinack Jean C. , Bakker Arnold , Bender Andrew R. , Berron David , Boccardi Marina , Bocchetta Martina , Burggren Alison C. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Chételat Gaël , de Flores Robin , DeKraker Jordan , Ding Song‐Lin , Geerlings Mirjam I. , Huang Yushan , Insausti Ricardo , Johnson Elliott G. , Kanel Prabesh , Kedo Olga , Kennedy Kristen M. , Keresztes Attila , Lee Joshua K. , Lindenberger Ulman , Mueller Susanne G. , Mulligan Elizabeth M. , Ofen Noa , Palombo Daniela J. , Pasquini Lorenzo , Pluta John , Raz Naftali , Rodrigue Karen M. , Schlichting Margaret L. , Lee Shing Yee , Stark Craig E.L. , Steve Trevor A. , Suthana Nanthia A. , Wang Lei , Werkle‐Bergner Markus , Yushkevich Paul A. , Yu Qijing , Wisse Laura E.M. ,   Hippocampal Subfields Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionHeterogeneity of segmentation protocols for medial temporal lobe regions and hippocampal subfields on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging hinders the ability to integrate findings across studies. We aim to develop a harmonized protocol based on expert consensus and histological evidence.MethodsOur international working group, funded by the EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), is working toward the production of a reliable, validated, harmonized protocol for segmentation of medial temporal lobe regions. The working group uses a novel postmortem data set and online consensus procedures to ensure validity and facilitate adoption.ResultsThis progress report describes the initial results and milestones that we have achieved to date, including the development of a draft protocol and results from the initial reliability tests and consensus procedures.DiscussionA harmonized protocol will enable the standardization of segmentation methods across laboratories interested in medial temporal lobe research worldwide.
Global Quantitative Mapping of Enhancers in Rice by STARR-Seq
Authors: Sun Jialei , He Na , Niu Longjian , Huang Yingzhang , Shen Wei , Zhang Yuedong , Li Li , Hou Chunhui 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Enhancers activate transcription in a distance-, orientation-, and position-independent manner, which makes them difficult to be identified. Self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) measures the enhancer activity of millions of DNA fragments in parallel. Here we used STARR-seq to generate a quantitative global map of rice enhancers. Most enhancers were mapped within genes, especially at the 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTR) and in coding sequences. Enhancers were also frequently mapped proximal to silent and lowly-expressed genes in transposable element (TE)-rich regions. Analysis of the epigenetic features of enhancers at their endogenous loci revealed that most enhancers do not co-localize with DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and lack the enhancer mark of histone modification H3K4me1. Clustering analysis of enhancers according to their epigenetic marks revealed that about 40% of identified enhancers carried one or more epigenetic marks. Repressive H3K27me3 was frequently enriched with positive marks, H3K4me3 and/or H3K27ac, which together label enhancers. Intergenic enhancers were also predicted based on the location of DHS regions relative to genes, which overlap poorly with STARR-seq enhancers. In summary, we quantitatively identified enhancers by functional analysis in the genome of rice, an important model plant. This work provides a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies in different biological contexts.