bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Solar Energy to Fuels: Recent Advances in Light‐Driven C1 Chemistry
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Shi Run , Zhao Jiaqing , Li Zhenhua , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatalytic C1 chemistry based on the activation/conversion of synthesis gas (CO+H2), methane, carbon dioxide, and methanol offers great potential for the sustainable development of hydrocarbon fuels to replace oil, coal, and natural gas. Traditional thermal catalytic processes used for C1 transformations require high temperatures and pressures, thereby carrying a significant carbon footprint. In comparison, solar‐driven C1 catalysis offers a greener and more sustainable pathway for manufacturing fuels and other commodity chemicals, although conversion efficiencies are currently too low to justify industry investment. In this Review, we highlight recent advances and milestones in light‐driven C1 chemistry, including solar Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, the water‐gas‐shift reaction, CO2 hydrogenation, as well as methane and methanol conversion reactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the rational design of catalysts, structure–reactivity relationships, as well as reaction mechanisms. Strategies for scaling up solar‐driven C1 processes are also discussed.
Li5Zn8Ga5Ge9O36: Cr3+, Ti4+: A Long Persistent Phosphor Excited in a Wide Spectral Region from UV to Red Light for Reproducible Imaging through Biological Tissue
Authors: Zhou Xinquan , Ju Guifang , Dai Tiansong , Li Yang , Wu Haoyi , Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) long‐persistent phosphors (LPPs) have emerged as a potential solution for bio‐imaging applications over the past few years. However, there are enormous challenges regarding their in situ application based on their dependence on short‐wavelength excitation. In this paper, we report a multi‐spectral excited NIR LPP, Li5Zn8Ga5Ge9O36: 1.5 % Cr3+, 0.5 % Ti4+, which overcomes the limitations of functional processes in biological tissues and other complex systems. This LPP exhibits a high luminescent intensity and a long emission duration in the NIR region (700–800 nm). The applicability of this phosphor to tissue imaging is demonstrated experimentally. Its persistent luminescence (PersL) can easily penetrate approximately 2 mm of pork flesh. More importantly, this phosphor can be re‐charged in situ using a red LED or laser diode array to provide renewed NIR PersL for biological tissues, which is beneficial for long‐term biological tissue imaging applications with high signal‐to‐noise ratios. Systematic investigations of the nature of energy traps and PersL mechanisms are also reported in this paper.
Social and nonsocial reward moderate the relation between autism symptoms and loneliness in adults with ASD, depression, and controls
Authors: Han Gloria T. , Tomarken Andrew J. , Gotham Katherine O. 
Published: March 2019

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report high levels of co‐occurring mood disorders. Previous work suggests that people with ASD also experience aberrant responses to social reward compared to typically developing (TD) peers. In the TD population, aberrant reward processing has been linked to anhedonia (i.e., loss of pleasure), which is a hallmark feature of depression. This study examined the interplay between self‐reported pleasure from social and nonsocial rewards, autism symptom severity, loneliness, and depressive symptoms across adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 49), TD currently depressed adults (TD‐dep; N = 30), and TD never depressed controls (TD‐con; N = 28). The ASD cohort reported levels of social and nonsocial anhedonia that were greater than TD‐con but not significantly different from TD‐dep. Across cohorts, both social and nonsocial hedonic capacity moderated the relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness: individuals with low capacity for pleasure experienced elevated loneliness regardless of autism symptom severity, while those with intact capacity for pleasure (i.e., less anhedonia) experienced greater loneliness as a function of increased autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms across clinical cohorts. Our findings suggest a putative pathway from trait‐like anhedonia in ASD to depression via elevated loneliness and indicate that variability in hedonic capacity within the autism spectrum may differentially confer risk for depression in adults with ASD. Results underscore potential mental health benefits of social skills interventions and community inclusion programs for adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 884–896. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness depended on one's ability to experience both social and nonsocial pleasure. Adults who experienced less pleasure reported high levels of loneliness that did not depend autism severity, while adults with high capacity for pleasure were especially lonely if they also had many autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms, compared to capacity for social and nonsocial pleasure and autism symptoms.
Enhanced electron transfer of different mediators for strictly opposite shifting of metabolism in Clostridium pasteurianum grown on glycerol in a new electrochemical bioreactor
Authors: Utesch Tyll , Sabra Wael , Prescher Christin , Baur Julian , Arbter Philipp , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrobial electrosynthesis or electro‐fermentation in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have recently received much attention. Here, we demonstrate with the glycerol metabolism by Clostridium pasteurianum that H
2 from in situ water electrolysis, especially in combination with a redox mediator, provides a simple and flexible way for shifting product selectivity and enhancing product yield in the fermentation process. In particular, we report and quantify for the first time strictly different effects of Neutral Red (NR) and the barely studied redox mediator Brilliant Blue (BB) on the growth and product formation of C. pasteurianum grown on glycerol in a newly developed BES. We were able to switch the product formation pattern of C. pasteurianum with a concentration‐dependent addition of NR and BB under varied iron availability. Interestingly, NR and BB influenced the glycerol metabolism in a strictly opposite manner concerning the formation of the major products 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and n‐butanol (BuOH). Whereas, NR and iron generally enhance the formation of BuOH, BB favors the formation of 1,3‐PDO. In BES the metabolic shifts were enhanced, leading to a further increased yield by as high as 33% for BuOH in NR fermentations and 21% for 1,3‐PDO in BB fermentations compared with the respective controls. For the first time, the electron transfer mediated by these mediators and their recycle (recharge) were unambiguously quantified by excluding the overlapping effect of iron. BB has a higher capacity than NR and iron. The extra electron transfer by BB can account for as high as 30–75% of the total NAD
+ regeneration under certain conditions, contributing significantly to the product formation.
Fabrication of Polydopamine Modified Carbon Nanotube Hybrids and their Catalytic Activity in Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation
Authors: Tian Siyuan , Yan Pengqiang , Li Fan , Zhang Xuefei , Su Dangsheng , Qi Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new synthetic strategy was developed for the fabrication of polydopamine modified carbon nanotube catalysts via in situ polymerization and subsequent thermal treatment process. The hybrid nonmetallic catalysts exhibited superior apparent and intrinsic activity than undoped or nitrogen doped carbon nanotube materials in ethylbenzene dehydrogenation reactions. The relatively high catalytic activity could be attributed to the electron transfer from polydopamine to nanocarbon matrix. The immediate result is that the improved nucleophilicity enhanced the hydrogen abstraction activity of nanocarbon catalysts, which is recognized as the rate determining step in alkane dehydrogenation reactions.
One‐step Conversion of Fructose to Furfuryl Alcohol in a Continuous Fixed‐bed Reactor: The Important Role of Supports
Authors: Wang Yueqing , Yang Xiaohai , Ding Guoqiang , Zheng Hongyan , Li Xianqing , Li Yongwang , Zhu Yulei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne‐step catalytic conversion of fructose to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) is not only a challenge task but also to open a new pathway for conversion of hexose into useful chemicals. The favorable yield (41.6 %) of FOL can be directly obtained from fructose over the tandem of HY zeolite and Pd/Al2O3. However, the Pd/montmorillonite (Pd/MMT) was deactivated for production of FOL. The proportion of available Pd active sites (i. e. facets, corners and edges) vary with different supports, and the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) plays the pivotal role on the catalytic performance. For Al2O3 support, exposure of Pd (111) plane allows the hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to bind on the Pd (111) surface via planar arrangement. In this stance, the aldehyde group of HMF is readily eliminated by decarbonylation. Conversely, for Pd/MMT, the decarbonylation is completely inhibited due to the HMF absorbs on corner sites in perpendicular orientation. The XPS studies indicate that the density electron of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) could be manipulated by various supports, and the electron‐donating effect of Al2O3 was observed. The collaborative effects between available sites and density electron of Pd are observed with respect to the different binding modes of HMF on the surface of Pd. The electronegative Pd NPs facilitate the decarbonylation of HMF as a consequence of the different adsorption strength between furan ring and aldehyde group.
Ir‐Au Bimetallic Nanoparticle Modified Silicon Nanowires with Ultralow Content of Ir for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liao Fan , Jiang Binbin , Shen Wen , Chen Ying , Li Yanqing , Shen Yuwei , Yin Kui , Shao Mingwang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReducing the size and increasing the dispersity of the noble metals are effective ways to decrease the dosage and simultaneously increase their electrocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The Ir−Au bimetallic nanoparticle modified silicon nanowires (Ir−Au−Si) with ultralow content of Ir are prepared and served to catalyze HER in the acid condition. The small Ir−Au nanoparticles are in‐situ grown and uniformly dispersed on the surface of silicon nanowires. Ir−Au−Si exhibits a significantly increased activity in HER catalysis compared with Ir−Si and Pt−Au−Si. Ir provides the active sites for HER, Au increases the electron transfer rate, and the silicon nanowires improve the speed of the hydrogen gas evolution. The optimal Ir−Au−Si‐2 shows a low Tafel slope of 24 mV dec−1 and high mass activity, which are better than those of Ir−Si and Pt−Au−Si catalysts.
α‐Helix‐Mimetic Foldamers for Targeting HIV‐1 TAR RNA
Authors: Maity Debabrata , Kumar Sunil , Curreli Francesca , Debnath Asim K. , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn oligopyridylamide‐based foldamer approach has been employed to target HIV TAR RNA‐TAT assembly as a model system to study RNA‐protein interactions. The oligopyridylamide scaffold adopts a constrained conformation which presents surface functionalities at distinct spatial locations and mimic the chemical features of the secondary structure of proteins. We have designed a library of oligopyridylamides containing diverse surface functionalities which mimic the side chain residues of the TAT protein domain. The interaction of TAR RNA and TAT plays a pivotal role in facilitating HIV replication. The library was screened using various fluorescent based assays to identify antagonists of the TAR RNA‐TAT complex. A tricationic oligopyridylamide ADH‐19, possessed the highest affinity towards TAR and efficiently inhibited the TAR RNA‐TAT interaction with apparent Kd of 4.1±1.0 μm. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that ADH‐19 interacts with the bulge and the lower bulge regions of TAR RNA, the domains important for TAT interaction. ADH‐19 demonstrated appreciable in vivo efficacy (IC50=25±1 μm) by rescuing TZM‐bl cells infected with the pseudovirus HIV‐1HXB‐2.
A scale to assess religious beliefs in end‐of‐life medical care
Authors: Balboni Tracy A. , Prigerson Holly G. , Balboni Michael J. , Enzinger Andrea C. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Maciejewski Paul K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies postulate that certain religious beliefs related to medical care influence the end‐of‐life (EOL) medical decision making and care of patients with advanced cancer. Because to the best of the authors’ knowledge no current measure explicitly assesses such beliefs, in the current study the authors introduced and evaluated the Religious Beliefs in EOL Medical Care (RBEC) scale, a new measure designed to assess religious beliefs within the context of EOL cancer care.MethodsThe RBEC scale consists of 7 items designed to reflect religious beliefs in EOL medical care. Its psychometric properties were evaluated in a sample of 275 patients with advanced cancer from the Coping With Cancer II study, a National Cancer Institute–funded, multisite, longitudinal, observational study of communication processes and outcomes in EOL cancer care.ResultsThe RBEC scale proved to be internally consistent (Cronbach α, .81), unidimensional, positively associated with other indicators of patients’ religiousness and spirituality (establishing its convergent validity), and inversely associated with patients’ terminal illness understanding and acceptance (establishing its criterion validity), suggesting its potential clinical usefulness in promoting informed EOL decision making. The majority of patients (87%) reported some (“somewhat,” “quite a bit,” or “a great deal”) endorsement of at least 1 RBEC item and a majority (62%) endorsed ≥3 RBEC items.ConclusionsThe RBEC scale is a reliable and valid tool with which to assess religious beliefs within the context of EOL medical care, beliefs that frequently are endorsed and inversely associated with terminal illness understanding.
Role of pelvic chemoradiation therapy in patients with initially metastatic anal canal cancer: A National Cancer Database review
Authors: Abdelazim Yasser A. , Rushing Christel N. , Palta Manisha , Willett Christopher G. , Czito Brian G. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAlthough the management of localized anal canal squamous cell carcinomas is well established, the role of pelvic chemoradiation (CRT) in the treatment of patients presenting with synchronous metastatic (stage IV) disease is poorly defined. This study used a national cancer database to compare the overall survival (OS) rates of patients with synchronous metastatic disease receiving CRT to the pelvis and patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone.MethodsThis study included adult patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinomas presenting with synchronous metastases diagnosed from 2004 to 2012. Multiple imputation and 2:1 propensity score matching were used to create a matched data set for testing. The proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the effect of the treatment group on OS. With only patients in the matched data set, the OS of the treatment groups was estimated with the Kaplan‐Meier method by treatment group.ResultsThis study started with an unmatched data set of 978 patients, and 582 patients were selected for the matched data set: 388 in the CRT group and 194 in the CT‐alone group. The HR for the group effect was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61‐0.92; P = .006). The median OS was 21.1 months in the CRT group (95% CI, 17.4‐24.0 months) and 14.6 months in the CT group (95% CI, 12.2‐18.4 months). The corresponding 5‐year OS rates were 23% (95% CI, 18%‐28%) and 14% (95% CI, 7%‐21%), respectively.ConclusionsIn this large series analyzing OS in patients with stage IV anal cancer, CRT was associated with improved OS in comparison with CT alone. Because of the lack of prospective data in this setting, this evidence will help to guide treatment approaches in this group of patients.
Effectiveness of a short message service intervention to motivate people with positive results in preliminary colorectal cancer screening to undergo colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Yanan , Liang Yingru , Zhou Qin , Liu Huazhang , Lin Guozhen , Cai Wenfeng , Li Yan , Gu Jing 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundColonoscopy adherence among populations at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC, but the adherence rate has been found to be poor. A short message service (SMS) is effective in promoting cancer screening, but its effectiveness in promoting colonoscopy among populations at high risk for CRC has not been well studied.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial conducted in Guangzhou, China, participants who had tested positive during preliminary CRC screening (a high‐risk factor questionnaire and/or an immunochemical fecal occult blood test) but had not undergone colonoscopy were randomized into low‐frequency (monthly) intervention, high‐frequency (biweekly) intervention, and control groups. The 2 intervention groups received behavioral theory–based SMS for 6 months. Data were obtained from the CRC screening database. The outcome was undergoing a colonoscopy examination.ResultsFor the 1362 participants, the rates of colonoscopy adherence were 5.2%, 6.0%, and 10.5% at month 3 and 7.1%, 9.6%, and 13.7% at month 6 in the control, low‐frequency intervention, and high‐frequency intervention groups, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounders, the high‐frequency intervention group was approximately twice as likely as the control group to undergo colonoscopy (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.32‐3.01), whereas the difference between the low‐frequency intervention and control groups was not statistically significant. The cost of SMS to increase colonoscopy uptake by 1 in the high‐frequency intervention group was US $2.7.ConclusionsText messages sent biweekly for 6 months to patients with positive preliminary screening results could increase colonoscopy adherence. SMS could be a prioritized intervention for promoting colonoscopy in large community‐based populations.
Impurity Segregation and Nanoparticle Reorganization of Indium Doped MgO Cubes
Authors: Niedermaier Matthias , Taniteerawong Chatpawee , Schwab Thomas , Zickler Gregor , Bernardi Johannes , Diwald Oliver 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetal oxide nanocomposites are non‐equilibrium solids and promising precursors for functional materials. Annealing of such materials can provide control over impurity segregation and, depending on the level of consolidation, represents a versatile approach to engineer free surfaces, particle‐particle interfaces and grain boundaries. Starting with indium‐magnesium‐oxide nanoparticle powders obtained via injection of an indium organic precursor into the magnesium combustion flame and subsequent particle quenching in argon, we investigated the stability of the trivalent In3+ ions in the host lattice of MgO nanoparticles by determining grain growth, morphology evolution and impurity segregation. The latter process is initiated by vacuum annealing at 873 K and can be tracked at 1173 K on a time scale of minutes. In the first instance the surface segregated indium wets the nanoparticle interfaces. After prolonged annealing indium evaporates and leaves the powder via the gas phase. Resulting MgO nanocubes are devoid of residual indium, regain their high morphological definition and show spectroscopic fingerprints (UV Diffuse Reflectance and Photoluminescence emission) that are characteristic of electronically unperturbed MgO cube corner and edge features. The results of this combined XRD, TEM, and spectroscopy study reveal the parameter window within which control over indium segregation is used to introduce a semiconducting metal oxide component into the intergranular region between insulating MgO nanograins.
Assessment of eating attitudes and dieting behaviors in healthy children: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test
Authors: Murphy Tanya J. , Hwang Heungsun , Kramer Michael S. , Martin Richard M. , Oken Emily , Yang Seungmi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) is a self‐report questionnaire that is conventionally summarized with a single score to identify “problematic” eating attitudes, masking informative variability in different eating attitude domains. This study evaluated the empirical support for single‐ versus multifactor models of the ChEAT. For validation, we compared how well the single‐ versus multifactor‐based scores predicted body mass index (BMI).MethodUsing data from 13,674 participants of the 11.5 year‐follow‐up of the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) in the Republic of Belarus, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the performance of 3‐ and 5‐factor models, which were based on past studies, to a single‐factor model representing the conventional summary of the ChEAT. We used cross‐validated linear regression models and the reduction in mean squared error (MSE) to compare the prediction of BMI at 11.5 and 16 years by the conventional and confirmed factor‐based ChEAT scores.ResultsThe 5‐factor model, based on 14 of the original 26 ChEAT items, had good fit to the data whereas the 3‐ and single‐factor models did not. The MSE for concurrent (11.5 years) BMI regressed on the 5‐factor ChEAT summary was 35% lower than that of the single‐score models, which reduced the MSE from the null model by only 1%–5%. The MSE for BMI at 16 years was 20% lower.DiscussionWe found that a parsimonious 5‐factor model of the ChEAT explained the data collected from healthy Belarusian children better than the conventional summary score and thus provides a more discriminating measure of eating attitudes.
Model‐based hypervolumes for complex ecological data
Authors: Jarvis Susan G. , Henrys Peter A. , Keith Aidan M. , Mackay Ellie , Ward Susan E. , Smart Simon M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeveloping a holistic understanding of the ecosystem impacts of global change requires methods that can quantify the interactions among multiple response variables. One approach is to generate high dimensional spaces, or hypervolumes, to answer ecological questions in a multivariate context. A range of statistical methods has been applied to construct hypervolumes but have not yet been applied in the context of ecological data sets with spatial or temporal structure, for example, where the data are nested or demonstrate temporal autocorrelation. We outline an approach to account for data structure in quantifying hypervolumes based on the multivariate normal distribution by including random effects. Using simulated data, we show that failing to account for structure in data can lead to biased estimates of hypervolume properties in certain contexts. We then illustrate the utility of these “model‐based hypervolumes” in providing new insights into a case study of afforestation effects on ecosystem properties where the data has a nested structure. We demonstrate that the model‐based generalization allows hypervolumes to be applied to a wide range of ecological data sets and questions.