bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Beyond Self-Reported Cognitive Load: Comparing Pupil Diameter Against Self-Reported Cognitive Load in Design Tasks
Authors: Cass Madison , Prabhu Rohan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As designers experience greater mental demands from the increased complexity of new design tools and methods, it is important to understand designers' cognitive load when performing design tasks. Several researchers have identified task- and designer-related factors that affect cognitive load, such as time or expected outcome. However, most of these design studies used self-report measures of cognitive load, which have been observed to be inaccurate and, to some extent, incomplete. In contrast, physiological measures (e.g., eye tracking) provide an objective assessment of mental workload. However, little research in engineering design has compared self-reported measures of cognitive load against physiological measures and our aim in this paper is to provide motivation and a starting point for such work. Specifically, we present a rich dataset comprising pupil diameter collected with ten student designers performing an hour-long loosely controlled design task using various design representations (e.g., computer-aided design and sketching). We also collected self-reported cognitive load using the NASA-TLX after the design task was completed. A preliminary analysis revealed that self-reported physical demand correlated with the minimum latent pupil diameter, whereas performance satisfaction correlated with the maximum latent pupil diameter. Furthermore, design representations vary in the range of cognitive load experienced by designers when utilizing them. These findings highlight the importance of statistical moments in the interpretation of physiological indicators such as pupil diameter. These findings also call for the use of a multi-modal approach for measuring cognitive load. Moreover, the accompanying dataset enables future research toward such studies.
Extracting Design Rationale in Technical Literature to Provide Inspirational Design Stimuli
Authors: Yue Gaofeng , Liu Jihong , Zhang Weijuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Design rationale (DR) explains why the solution is designed the way it is, and can be used to stimulate creativity and facilitate the development of new solutions in the conceptual design phase. DR was mainly captured by recording the tacit knowledge of designers during the design process, which has hindered its application in conceptual design due to its interference with the design. This paper proposes a method for capturing DR from technical literature, providing an intuitively understandable textual stimulus for design ideation. A textual DR ontology, which includes literature, artifact, issue, intention, argument, and other entities along with their relationships, is used as a metamodel to construct the DR knowledge graph (DRKG). The DR vector space (DRVS) model and the DRVS-based method are used for the joint extraction of entities and relations. Sentences and terms extracted from the technical literature are then organized into a DRKG. A prototype design rationale management system was developed based on the methodology. Finally, we carried out experiments to construct the DRKG and apply it to the conceptual design of a police unmanned aerial vehicle for night patrols using patents and journal articles, and the results verified the feasibility of the method.
A Sustainable Response Surface Methodology and Analytic Hierarchy Process–Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment Model to Evaluate Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Clove Oil Biodiesel Blend
Authors: Singotia Pawan Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Jain Naveen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Replacing diesel with biodiesel generally results in a decrease in exhaust emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide. However, nitrogen oxide emissions show increasing trends. On the other hand, a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions has been found using various additives with diesel and biodiesel blends. In this work, the experiments are carried out on diesel, B30 (70% v/v diesel + 30% v/v biodiesel), and the B30CL1000 (70% v/v diesel + 30% v/v biodiesel + 1000 ppm clove oil) to evaluate the performance and emissions of diesel engine. The response surface methodology-based approach has been applied to evaluate the effect of different engine operating parameters on engine performance and emission while fueled with the B30CL1000 fuel blend. Further, the analytic hierarchy process–weighted aggregated sum product assessment method has been applied to identify the optimal setting of the parameters and rank the optimal engine operating range for the B30CL1000 blend. From the results, it was elicited that the accumulation of 1000 ppm of antioxidant (clove oil) additives in the B30 blend resulted in a reduction in the brake-specific fuel consumption by up to 11.5% at higher loads. Brake thermal efficiency increased by 16.3% at low load conditions for the B30CL1000 blend. Then the B30CL1000 blend showed a 2% drop in carbon monoxide emission at higher loads, and the decreased nitrogen oxide emission for the B30CL1000 blend has also been reported as 12% at low loads and 2% at higher loads, which follows a similar trend as exhaust gas temperature. The fifth experimental run having compression ratio (CR) of 17, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of 0%, and load of 12 kg has been ranked as 1.
Extension of Hamiltonian Mechanics to Non-Conservative Systems Via Higher-Order Dynamics
Authors: Sanders John W. , Becker Eric T. , DeVoria Adam C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed review of the emerging topic of higher-order dynamics and their intrinsic variational structure, which has enabled—for the very first time in history—the general application of Hamiltonian formalism to non-conservative systems. Here the general theory is presented alongside several interesting applications that have been discovered to date. These include the direct modal analysis of non-proportionally damped dynamical systems, a new and more efficient algorithm for computing the resonant frequencies of damped systems with many degrees-of-freedom, and a canonical Hamiltonian formulation of the Navier–Stokes problem. A significant merit of the Hamiltonian formalism is that it leads to the transformation theory of Hamilton and Jacobi, and specifically the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, which reduces even the most complicated of problems to the search for a single scalar function (or functional, for problems in continuum mechanics). With the extension of the Hamiltonian framework to non-conservative systems, now every problem in classical mechanics can be reduced to the search for a single scalar. This discovery provides abundant opportunities for further research, and here we list just a few potential ideas. Indeed, the present authors believe there may be many more applications of higher-order dynamics waiting to be discovered.
Characterization and genomic analysis of the highly virulent
Acinetobacter baumannii
ST1791 strain dominating in Anhui, China
Authors: He Zhien , Huang Yi , Li Wei , Zhang Huanhuan , Cao Ruobing , Ali Md Roushan , Dai Yuanyuan , Lu Huaiwei , Wang Wanying , Niu Qiuhong , Sun Baolin , Li Yujie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
clonal complex 92 is spreading worldwide due to its high-frequency gene mutation and recombination, posing a significant threat to global medical and health safety. Between November 2021 and April 2022, a total of 132 clinical
A. baumannii
isolates were collected from a tertiary hospital in China. Their growth ability and virulence of these isolates were assessed using growth curve analyses and the
Galleria mellonella
infection model. The genetic characteristics of the isolates were further examined through whole-genome sequencing. ST1791
O
/ST2
P
isolates represented the largest proportion of isolates in our collection and exhibited the highest growth rate and strongest virulence among all sequence types (STs) analyzed. Whole-genome sequences from 14,159 clinical isolates were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and only nine ST1791
O
/ST2
P
isolates were detected. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that ST1791
O
/ST2
P
carried 11 unique genes, 5 of which were located within the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (
cps
) gene cluster. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between ST1791
O
/ST2
P
and other isolates were primarily found in the cps gene cluster. Among the other isolates, ST195
O
/ST2
P
and ST208
O
/ST2
P
exhibited the smallest SNP differences from ST1791
O
/ST2
P
, while ST195
O
/ST2
P
and ST1486
O
/ST2
P
had high homology. The ST1791
O
/ST2
P
strain in Anhui, China, displayed significant homology with ST195
O
/ST2
P
, ST208
O
/ST2
P
, and ST1486
O
/ST2
P
isolates. Compared to other isolates in this study, ST1791
O
/ST2
P
exhibited strong growth ability and virulence. Therefore, preventing the further spread of ST1791
O
/ST2
P
should be a top public health priority.
Evaluation of aqueous chlorine and peracetic acid sanitizers to inactivate protozoa and bacteria of concern in agricultural water
Authors: McCaughan Kyle J. , Scott Zoe , Rock Channah , Kniel Kalmia E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Agricultural water is a potential source of microbial contamination whereby
Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium,
and
Cyclospora cayetenensis
can enter the food supply. To reduce this risk, effective sanitization of agricultural water may be critical to food safety. As such, it is important to investigate the effects of aqueous peracetic acid (PAA) and chlorine (Cl) on bacteria and protozoa at different treatment times and temperatures in agricultural water with respect to key water characteristics. Multiple concentrations of each sanitizer, ranging from 3 to 200 ppm, were prepared in recently collected agricultural water, the solution was brought to the desired temperature, and the target organisms were added and left for the desired contact time (5 or 10 minutes) when sodium metabisulfite was added to neutralize the sanitizers. Bacterial samples were enumerated on MacConkey or XLT4 agar. Samples with protozoa were added to mammalian cell culture (HCT-8 cells for
Cryptosporidium parvum
and MDBK cells for
Eimeria tenella
). After 48 hours, the infected cells were collected, DNA extracted and infectivity assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Low and high concentrations of sanitizer were effective at eliminating bacteria with Cl being significantly (
P
< 0.05) more effective. The greatest reductions in
E. coli
and
Salmonella
(3.48 log and 2.5 log cfu/mL, respectively) were observed after 10 minutes of exposure to 10 ppm Cl. Concentrations of sanitizer 50 ppm and lower resulted in insignificant (
P
> 0.05) reductions in parasite infectivity of less than 1 log for both organisms. A 200 ppm PAA treatment reduced infectious oocyst populations by 3.8 log for
C. parvum
and 2.6 log for
E. tenella
, with Cl being significantly (
P
< 0.05) less effective against these organisms.

IMPORTANCE
This research is critical to inform decisions regarding the application and use of sanitizers in pre-harvest agricultural water settings to enhance food safety. Understanding the effectiveness of chlorine (Cl) and peracetic acid (PAA) on bacteria and protozoa will allow for the more efficient and practical use of these sanitizers, thus improving agricultural practices in ways that are beneficial to both growers and consumers.
A MALDI-TOF MS-based multiple detection panel of drug resistance-associated multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in
Candida tropicalis
Authors: Wan Feifei , Zhang Min , Guo Jian , Lin Huiping , Zhou Xiaoguang , Wang Lixin , Wu Wenjuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Candida tropicalis
is one of the main causes of invasive candidiasis. Rapid identification of antifungal resistance is crucial for selection of an appropriate antifungal to improve patient outcomes. Mutations at specific loci are strongly correlated with resistance to antifungal agents. In this study, we developed a multi-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to accurately identify 36 mutation sites across seven genes of
C. tropicalis
that are associated with resistance to azoles and/or echinocandins. Ten isolates were selected to test repeatability, and another 20 isolates of
C. tropicalis
were selected to validate consistency. Intra-assay and inter-assay repeatability of the panel was 100%, with the loci accuracy being 99.44% (716 of 720). Furthermore, 109 isolates were examined for clinical research, and the most commonly detected mutations were G751A and A866T of
UPC2
, A491T of
TAC1
, and A395T and C461T of
ERG11
. The G751A and A866T mutations of
UPC2
as well as the A395T and C461T mutations of
ERG11
co-existed. The SNP panel enables identification of specific mutations at critical sites of drug-resistant strains to facilitate the rapid selection of appropriate antifungal agents and efficient monitoring of the regional epidemiological trends of resistance of
C. tropicalis
.

IMPORTANCE

C. tropicalis
infections pose a growing global public health challenge, with mortality rates approaching 40%.
C. tropicalis
is one of the top four
Candida
spp. responsible for candidiasis, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America, notably affecting patients with neutropenia and malignancies. The azole resistance rate of
C. tropicalis
ranges from 0% to 30%. Between 2009 and 2018, the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Network reported an increase in fluconazole and voriconazole resistance from 5.7% to ~30%. Although resistance to echinocandins and amphotericin B remains low, multi-resistance to echinocandins and azoles has been observed. Current methods for detecting drug resistance are limited by the long turnaround time of antifungal susceptibility testing, low throughput of Sanger sequence to target resistance mutations, complex data analysis, and high costs of second-generation sequencing. We developed and validated a rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective panel to detect and monitor drug-resistance mutations of
C. tropicalis
.
Mitochondrial targeting of
Candida albicans
SPFH proteins and requirement of stomatins for SDS-induced stress tolerance
Authors: Kim Hyunjeong , Heredia Marienela Y. , Chen Xiao , Ahmed Maisha , Qasim Mohammad , Callender Tracy L. , Hernday Aaron D. , Rauceo Jason M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The SPFH (stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and HflK/HflC) protein superfamily is conserved across all domains of life. Fungal SPFH proteins are required for respiration, stress adaptation, and membrane scaffolding. In the yeast
Candida albicans
, stomatin-like protein 3 (Slp3) forms punctate foci at the plasma membrane, and
SLP3
overexpression causes cell death following exposure to the surfactant, SDS, and the oxidative stressor, H
2
O
2
. Here, we sought to determine the cellular localization and functionally characterize stomatin-like protein 2 (Slp2), prohibitin-1 (Phb1), prohibitin-2 (Phb2), and prohibitin-12 (Phb12) in
C. albicans
. Cytological and western blotting results showed that Slp2-Gfp/Rfp and prohibitin-Gfp fusion proteins localize to the mitochondrion in yeast cells. Growth assay results did not identify any respiration defects in a panel of stomatin and prohibitin mutant strains, suggesting that SPFH respiratory function has diverged in
C. albicans
from other model eukaryotes. However, a
slp2Δ
/
Δ
/
slp3Δ
/
Δ
double mutant strain grew poorly in the presence of 0.08% SDS, accumulated intracellular reactive oxidative species, and displayed aberrant ergosterol distribution in the plasma membrane. These phenotypes were not observed in
slp2Δ
/
Δ
or
slp3Δ
/
Δ
single mutants, indicating a possible indirect genetic interaction between
SLP2
and
SLP3
. In addition,
slp2Δ
/
Δ
and
slp2Δ
/
Δ
/
slp3Δ
/
Δ
mutant strains were slightly resistant to the antifungal drug, fluconazole. Collectively, these findings reveal the cellular localization of Slp2, Phb1, Phb2, and Phb12, highlight the significance of stomatins in
C. albicans
SDS stress tolerance, and, for the first time, associate stomatins with antifungal resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Stomatins and prohibitins coordinate respiration and stress adaptation in fungi. Invasive mycoses caused by
Candida albicans
are a significant cause of morbidity, and candidemia patients show high mortality rates worldwide. Mitochondria are essential for
C. albicans
commensalism and virulence, and mitochondrial proteins are targets for antifungal interventions.
C. albicans
encodes five SPFH proteins: two stomatin-like proteins and three prohibitins. We have previously shown that Slp3 is important for
C. albicans
adaptation to various types of environmental stress. Moreover, synthetic compounds that bind to mammalian prohibitins inhibit
C. albicans
filamentation and are fungicidal. However, there is limited information available regarding the remaining SPFH proteins. Our findings show that mitochondrial localization of SPFH proteins is conserved in
C. albicans
. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of stomatins in plasma membrane and mitochondrial stress tolerance.
Geographical distribution of human pythiosis in the USA
Authors: Vilela Raquel , Grady Sue C. , Vilela Priscilla Rocha , Mendoza Leonel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

For more than 100 years, the infections caused by
Pythium insidiosum
have been well documented in horses. However, recently, pythiosis was also described in several species, including dogs, cats, cattle, zoo captive animals, and humans. Human pythiosis is a life-threatening infection requiring an early diagnosis for a successful management. The clinical picture of pythiosis mirrors the clinical features of infections caused by other pathogens, including filamentous fungi, making its diagnosis challenging. This fact had led to several misdiagnosed cases involving filamentous fungal pathogens. The first pythiosis human case in the USA was reported in 1989. Soon after, various pythiosis cases of orbital disease in children and on the limbs of adults were sporadically diagnosed. To investigate the geographical distribution of human pythiosis in the USA, we constructed a density USA map using a recent report of pythiosis in animals highlighting the known human cases. Our data showed that
P. insidiosum
human infections in the USA are diagnosed in the same geographic areas where animal pythiosis occur. Physicians handling clinical cases like those so far reported can use the geographic distribution of pythiosis human cases in this study as a guide in their clinical diagnosis and in the early management of putative cases.

IMPORTANCE

The relevance of the study not only resides in the epidemiological distribution of animal human pythiosis in the USA (our team’s recent publication), but also shows physicians the areas where
Pythium insidiosum
thrive in endemic areas. Our manuscript shows to the medical and veterinary communities the current areas of human and animal pythiosis, an event that could have a direct impact on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of pythiosis.
A unique
Helicobacter pylori
strain to study gastric cancer development
Authors: Whitmire Jeannette M. , Windham Ian H. , Makobongo Morris O. , Westland Mandy D. , Tran Sirena C. , Piñol Jaume , Hui Yvonne , Raheem Alkarkoushi Rasha , Pich Oscar Q. , McGee David J. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Melton-Celsa Angela , Testerman Traci L. , Cover Timothy L. , Merrell D. Scott 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
colonizes a majority of the human population worldwide and can trigger development of a variety of gastric diseases. Since the bacterium is classified as a carcinogen, elucidation of the characteristics of
H. pylori
that influence gastric carcinogenesis is a high priority. To this end, the Mongolian gerbil infection model has proven to be an important tool to study gastric cancer progression. However, only a small number of
H. pylori
strains have been evaluated in the gerbil model. Thus, to identify additional strains able to colonize and induce disease in this model, several
H. pylori
strains were used to infect Mongolian gerbils, and stomachs were harvested at multiple timepoints to assess colonization and gastric pathology. The USU101 strain reproducibly colonized Mongolian gerbils and induced gastric inflammation in the majority of the animals 1 month after infection. Adenocarcinoma or dysplasia was observed in the majority of gerbils by 2 months post-infection. To define the contribution of key virulence factors to this process, isogenic strains lacking
cagA
or
vacA
, along with restorant strains containing a wild-type (WT) copy of the genes, were studied. The Δ
cagA
USU101 strain colonized gerbils at levels similar to WT, but did not induce comparable levels of inflammation or disease. In contrast, the Δ
vacA
USU101 strain did not colonize gerbils, and the stomach pathology resembled that of the mock-infected animals. The restorant USU101 strains expressed the CagA and VacA proteins
in vitro
, and
in vivo
experiments with Mongolian gerbils showed a restoration of colonization levels and inflammation scores comparable to those observed in WT USU101. Our studies indicate that the USU101 strain is a valuable tool to study
H. pylori
-induced disease.

IMPORTANCE

Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death globally; the majority of gastric cancers are associated with
Helicobacter pylori
infection. Infection of Mongolian gerbils with
H. pylor
i has been shown to result in induction of gastric cancer, but few
H. pylori
strains have been studied in this model; this limits our ability to fully understand gastric cancer pathogenesis in humans because
H. pylori
strains are notoriously heterogenous. Our studies reveal that USU101 represents a unique
H. pylori
strain that can be added to our repertoire of strains to study gastric cancer development in the Mongolian gerbil model.
Wessely-type immune ring following collagen cross-linking
Authors: Vaz Mariana Domingues , Machado Ines , Loureiro Tomás , Campos Nuno 
Published: December 2024

A woman in her early 20s with progressive keratoconus underwent corneal collagen cross-linking using the sub400 protocol. The central 5.5 mm of the epithelium was removed after the application of 20% alcohol. Topical riboflavin 0.1% was applied every 3 min for 30 min and then irradiated with UV-A light (irradiance of 3 mW/cm2for 16 min). At the end of the procedure, a therapeutic contact lens was placed and ofloxacin 0.3% (4 times daily), dexamethasone 0.1% (4 times daily) and lubricant (hourly) drops were prescribed.Two days after the procedure, the patient presented with a painless red eye. A 360° peripheral ring-like infiltrate was observed in the 5.5 mm zone, consistent with a sterile infiltrate. Dexamethasone 0.1% drops were prescribed and tapered for 1 month. Although the infiltrate gradually decreased under corticosteroid therapy, the patient’s condition worsened after discontinuation of treatment. Treatment was resumed and complete recovery was observed 4 months later.