bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cell viability in four novel endodontic sealers
Authors: Taraslia Vassiliki , Anastasiadou Ema , Lignou Christina , Keratiotis Georgios , Agrafioti Anastasia , Kontakiotis Evangelos G. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on MTA-Fillapex, GuttaFlow 2, TotalFill Sealer, and BioRootTM RCS in comparison to conventional epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) and zinc-oxide-eugenol-based (Roth’s 801) sealers. Materials and Methods: Sealers were divided into two groups, and five coverslips for each material per group were prepared. In the first group, PDLs were added immediately after the preparation of sealers (Fresh Group), and in the second, PDLs were added after 24 h. PDLs were cultured for 72 h and afterward, counted using standard hematocytometry. A Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for the statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Furthermore, cell morphology was assessed by confocal microscopy. Results: The number of viable cells for the 24 h-set groups was higher than the freshly mixed in all sealers except Roth’s 801. In both groups, GuttaFlow 2 presented the highest number of viable cells. In a descending order of cells’ survival, TotalFill, BioRoot, and MTA-Fillapex are following and the conventional sealers, AH Plus and Roth’s 801, seem not to exhibit the biological properties of the others. Cells grown on GuttaFlow 2, TotalFill, and BioRoot were observed to be well-formed. In contrast, MTA-Fillapex exhibited untypical morphology. No cells were detected on the surfaces of AH Plus, as well as Roth’s 801. Conclusions: All novel sealers presented increased cell viability in comparison to conventional sealers. GuttaFlow 2 exhibited the highest cell viability.
Accurate modeling and maximum power point detection of photovoltaic module using a few collected data
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Abd-El-Hakeem , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y. 
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an algorithm for modeling and Maximum Power Point (MPP) detection of a Photo-Voltaic (PV) module. This algorithm requires less information to get an accurate model and MPP. Open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current (ISC) of the PV module are required as inputs data. Both of them can be sampled from a reference PV Panel. A PV model and MPP are estimated via Newton-Raphson (NR) method. Fractional VOC and ISC method and simplified method are used for detecting the starting values of MPP and model parameters of a PV panel respectively. Then, the NR method is applied to calculate the accurate values of MPP and model parameters of it. Determination of MPP enables the PV system to deliver maximum available power. Verification of this algorithm is accomplished through building it in MATLAB. Then, it is tested for different manufacturer modules at different operating conditions.Keywords: MPP; PV model, Accurate model; Newton-Raphson.
Design of oscillation wireless charging system based on time-base circuit
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Zhong rui 
Published: June 2018

With the application of a large number of portable low-voltage electronic products, the charging safety of the equipment needs to be solved because of the complex underground environment and high temperature and humidity. An oscillatory wireless charging platform based on 555 time base circuit is developed in this paper. The transmitter circuit is mainly composed of PWM waveform generator and MOS switch circuit. The frequency adjustable output range can reach 500kHz, and no program control unit is required. The receiver circuit can output 5V DC power stably and simply. The whole charging platform has few components at both ends of the receiver, which can ensure low failure rate and easy miniaturization. All the components are universal components with low cost. The tested transmission distance can work stably within 20CM, and the stable output ofabout 3 watts can be obtained. The system can be installed in any position in the mine, and the battery is not removed when charging, which greatly enhances the security of the charging process and is of great practical value.Keywords: NE555, Waveform generating Circuit, Resonance Circuit, receiving Coil
A weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height over bright surfaces applied to GOME-2 measurements of the oxygen A band for forest fire cases over Europe
Authors: Nanda Swadhin , Veefkind J. Pepijn , de Graaf Martin , Sneep Maarten , Stammes Piet , de Haan Johan F. , Sanders Abram F. J. , Apituley Arnoud , Tuinder Olaf , Levelt Pieternel F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a weighted least squares approach to retrieve
aerosol layer height from top-of-atmosphere reflectance measurements
in the oxygen A band (758–770 nm) over bright
surfaces. A property of the measurement error covariance matrix is
discussed, due to which photons travelling from the surface are given
a higher preference over photons that scatter back from the aerosol
layer. This is a potential source of biases in the estimation of
aerosol properties over land, which can be mitigated by revisiting
the design of the measurement error covariance matrix. The
alternative proposed in this paper, which we call the dynamic
scaling method, introduces a scene-dependent and
wavelength-dependent modification in the measurement signal-to-noise
ratio in order to influence this matrix. This method is generally
applicable to other retrieval algorithms using weighted least
squares. To test this method, synthetic experiments are done in
addition to application to GOME-2A and GOME-2B measurements of the
oxygen A band over the August 2010 Russian wildfires and the
October 2017 Portugal wildfire plume over western Europe.
Preservação do patrimônio científico das humanidades: a emergência da Rede Cariniana (Preservation of the scientific heritage of the humanities: the emergence of Cariniana Network)
Authors: Tavares Maria de Fátima Duarte , Márdero Arellano Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2018

Os editores de periódicos científicos adotam frequentemente, no Brasil, o Open Journal Systems (OJS) por se tratar de um software livre que possibilita criar, com autonomia, um ambiente de produção, armazenamento e acesso à informação. Porém, essa editoração de caráter científico, associada à demanda por maior produtividade acadêmica, nem sempre foi acompanhada de processos de salvaguarda e de institucionalização da memória relacionada ao conteúdo publicado. A preservação digital de periódicos científicos, na área de Humanidades, está contemplada na iniciativa da Rede Cariniana do IBICT / MCTI, que integra múltiplos agentes em uma rede distribuída, no modelo da Aliança LOCKSS da Stanford University. Essa solução, que articula processos conjuntos de guarda e preservação por longo prazo, implica a eleição de serviços tecnológicos de baixo custo, a adoção de políticas de memória de cada instituição envolvida e o reconhecimento das responsabilidades sobre a preservação do patrimônio científico do país. Esse tipo de preservação distingue-se das formas isoladas de arquivamento e conservação de documentos em instituições de memória. A emergência de sistemas em rede para a preservação documental, diante da dominância das tecnologias digitais, integra agentes institucionais, seus registros e distintas políticas memoriais na gestão de longo prazo da informação científica. AbstractScientific journal editors in Brazil frequently adopt the Open Journal Systems (OJS) because it is a free software that enables to create, independently, a production environment, storage and access to information. However, this scientific publishing, combined with demand for higher academic productivity, has not always been followed by safeguard procedures and institutionalization of memory related to the published content. Digital preservation of scientific journals in the Humanities is provided by the Cariniana Network, an initiative of IBICT / MCTI that integrates multiple agents in a distributed network, based on the pattern created by the LOCKSS Alliance of Stanford University. This solution regarding digital objects, combining guard sets processes and preservation in the long run, implies the election of inexpensive technological services, the adoption of storage policies of each institution involved and the recognition that the responsibilities for the preservation of the scientific heritage of the country are distinguished from isolated forms of archiving and conservation of documents in memory institutions.The emergence of networked systems for document preservation, given the dominance of digital technologies, integrates institutional agents, their records and memorials distinct policies in the long-term management of scientific information.Keywords: Electronic Journals; Digital Preservation; Cariniana Network; Electronic Edition; Scientific Heritage.
Modified amyloid variants in pathological subgroups of β‐amyloidosis
Authors: Gerth Janina , Kumar Sathish , Rijal Upadhaya Ajeet , Ghebremedhin Estifanos , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Thal Dietmar R. , Walter Jochen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveAmyloid β (Aβ) depositions in plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) represent common features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sequential deposition of post‐translationally modified Aβ in plaques characterizes distinct biochemical stages of Aβ maturation. However, the molecular composition of vascular Aβ deposits in CAA and its relation to plaques remain enigmatic.MethodsVascular and parenchymal deposits were immunohistochemically analyzed for pyroglutaminated and phosphorylated Aβ in the medial temporal and occipital lobe of 24 controls, 27 pathologically‐defined preclinical AD, and 20 symptomatic AD cases.ResultsSequential deposition of Aβ in CAA resembled Aβ maturation in plaques and enabled the distinction of three biochemical stages of CAA. B‐CAA stage 1 was characterized by deposition of Aβ in the absence of pyroglutaminated AβN3pE and phosphorylated AβpS8. B‐CAA stage 2 showed additional AβN3pE and B‐CAA stage 3 additional AβpS8. Based on the Aβ maturation staging in CAA and plaques, three case groups for Aβ pathology could be distinguished: group 1 with advanced Aβ maturation in CAA; group 2 with equal Aβ maturation in CAA and plaques; group 3 with advanced Aβ maturation in plaques. All symptomatic AD cases presented with end‐stage plaque maturation, whereas CAA could exhibit immature Aβ deposits. Notably, Aβ pathology group 1 was associated with arterial hypertension, and group 2 with the development of dementia.InterpretationBalance of Aβ maturation in CAA and plaques defines distinct pathological subgroups of β‐amyloidosis. The association of CAA‐related Aβ maturation with cognitive decline, the individual contribution of CAA and plaque pathology to the development of dementia within the defined Aβ pathology subgroups, and the subgroup‐related association with arterial hypertension should be considered for differential diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Effects of Material–Tissue Interactions on Bone Regeneration Outcomes Using Baghdadite Implants in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Li Jiao Jiao , Akey Austin , Dunstan Colin R. , Vielreicher Martin , Friedrich Oliver , Bell David C. , Zreiqat Hala 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtensive bone loss due to trauma or disease leads to impaired healing. Current bone grafts and substitutes have major drawbacks that limit their effectiveness for treating large bone defects. A number of bone substitutes in development are undergoing preclinical testing, but few studies specifically investigate the in vivo material–tissue interactions that provide an important indicator to long‐term implant safety and efficacy. This study is the first of its kind to specifically investigate in vivo material–tissue interactions at the bone–implant interface. Baghdadite scaffolds implanted in critical‐sized segmental defects in sheep tibia for 26 weeks are analyzed by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, and histology. The scaffolds are seen to induce extensive bone formation that directly abut the implant surfaces with no evidence of chronic inflammation or fibrous capsule formation. Bone remodeling is influenced by slow in vivo degradation around and within the implant, causing portions of the implant to be incorporated into the newly formed bone. These findings have important implications for predicting the long‐term effects of baghdadite ceramics in promoting defect healing, and support the translation of baghdadite scaffolds as a new generation of bone graft substitutes with improved properties for the repair of large bone defects.
3D Graphene Composites for Efficient Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Bu Fanxing , Shakir Imran , Xu Yuxi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract3D graphene (3DG) composites have attracted significant interest for electrochemical energy storage applications, including supercapacitor, lithium‐/sodium‐ion battery, lithium–sulfur battery, and lithium–oxygen battery. With an interpenetrating network structure of conductive skeleton of graphene and highly continuous porous channels, the 3DG composites can not only ensure efficient electron and ion transport, but also retain structural stability of electrode materials during the electrochemical reactions. Rapidly growing efforts are seen in the design and synthesis of various 3DG composites with novel structures for diverse electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years. To promote deeper understanding and inspire further development of this exciting class of materials, the recent progress on preparation strategies of 3DG composites with applications in electrochemical energy storage is reviewed. A particular emphasis is placed on the detailed physicochemical mechanisms about the synthesis and structural evolution of 3DG composites and their impact on the electrochemical performance. As a conclusion, a brief perspective on future opportunities and challenges is given.
All Natural, High Efficient Groundwater Extraction via Solar Steam/Vapor Generation
Authors: Wang Yilin , Liu He , Chen Chaoji , Kuang Yudi , Song Jianwei , Xie Hua , Jia Chao , Kronthal Spencer , Xu Xu , He Shuaiming , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSolar steam/vapor generation is a promising approach to produce clean water and solve water scarcity and energy shortage issues. Most of steam/vapor generation devices can only be used on surface water from oceans, lakes, or rivers. Groundwater is another essential resource for public water supply. Acquiring clean water directly from groundwater is important, especially for countries and regions that lack surface water. A natural, plant‐inspired solar steam/vapor generation device is developed in this work by coating a thin layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the top surface of a tree stump with roots to extract water directly from groundwater. The 3D interconnected channels/pores in the roots and stump enable fast water transportation within the plant. Under sunlight irradiation, the surface‐coated CNT layer can convert solar energy into heat, and the water is continuously supplied to the heat‐localized interfacial layer of the top surface and is evaporated into vapor upon heating. The evaporation efficiency of such steam/vapor evaporation device for extracting water from groundwater is as high as ≈86% under 10 kW m−2, which approaches the best performance achieved by devices for surface water extraction, providing an attractive method to utilize groundwater.
Oral Nonviral Gene Delivery for Chronic Protein Replacement Therapy
Authors: Lin Po‐Yen , Chiu Ya‐Ling , Huang Jing‐Huei , Chuang Er‐Yuan , Mi Fwu‐Long , Lin Kun‐Ju , Juang Jyuhn‐Huarng , Sung Hsing‐Wen , Leong Kam W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEfficient nonviral oral gene delivery offers an attractive modality for chronic protein replacement therapy. Herein, the oral delivery of insulin gene is reported by a nonviral vector comprising a copolymer with a high degree of substitution of branched polyethylenimine on chitosan (CS‐g‐bPEI). Protecting the plasmid from gastric acidic degradation and facilitating transport across the gut epithelium, the CS‐g‐bPEI/insulin plasmid DNA nanoparticles (NPs) can achieve systemic transgene expression for days. A single dose of orally administered NPs (600 µg plasmid insulin (pINS)) to diabetic mice can protect the animals from hyperglycemia for more than 10 d. Three repeated administrations spaced over a 10 d interval produce similar glucose‐lowering results with no hepatotoxicity detected. Positron‐emission‐tomography and computed‐tomography images also confirm the glucose utilization by muscle cells. While this work suggests the feasibility of basal therapy for diabetes mellitus, its significance lies in the demonstration of a nonviral oral gene delivery system that can impact chronic protein replacement therapy and DNA vaccination.
The Dual Functional Reflecting Iris of the Zebrafish
Authors: Gur Dvir , Nicolas Jan‐David , Brumfeld Vlad , Bar‐Elli Omri , Oron Dan , Levkowitz Gil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany marine organisms have evolved a reflective iris to prevent unfocused light from reaching the retina. The fish iris has a dual function, both to camouflage the eye and serving as a light barrier. Yet, the physical mechanism that enables this dual functionality and the benefits of using a reflective iris have remained unclear. Using synchrotron microfocused diffraction, cryo‐scanning electron microscopy imaging, and optical analyses on zebrafish at different stages of development, it is shown that the complex optical response of the iris is facilitated by the development of high‐order organization of multilayered guanine‐based crystal reflectors and pigments. It is further demonstrated how the efficient light reflector is established during development to allow the optical functionality of the eye, already at early developmental stages.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Indirect Effect of Violence Exposure on Future Orientation Through Perceived Stress and the Buffering Effect of Family Participation
Authors: Schmidt Carissa J. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Stoddard Sarah A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExposure to violence (ETV) during adolescence has been associated with negative effects in later life, and may negatively affect an individual's future orientation. Future orientation has important health implications and warrants being studied. Yet, few researchers have examined how ETV affects an individual's future orientation as a young adult. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of ETV during adolescence on future orientation as a young adult through perceived stress. We also tested the moderating effect of family participation on the relationship between perceived stress and future orientation. Longitudinal data from a sample of 316 African American participants (42.10% male and 57.90% female, Mage = 14.76 at Wave 1) from low socioeconomic backgrounds recruited from a Midwestern school district were used in the analysis. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicated that greater ETV during adolescence is associated with higher levels of perceived stress and, in turn, a more negative outlook on one's future as a young adult. This indirect effect occurred for individuals with lower family participation, but was not evident for individuals with greater family participation. These findings provide important implications for youth development interventions.
The impact of a change in work posture from seated to stand‐up on work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among sewing‐machine operators
Authors: Grobler Susan H. , Mostert Karien , Becker Piet 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundWork‐related postural change could lead to improved musculoskeletal health.Method(s)In a quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal study, data of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of 123 sewing‐machine operators were captured for 4.5 years, and analysed using Poisson regression.ResultsStand‐up work posture (SUWP) reduced the incidence for spinal disorders (SD) to 0.29 fold the incidence for sitting work posture (SWP) (P < 0.001). Morbid obesity had significantly increased (P = 0.04) incidence of upper limb disorders (ULD), 3.35 times that of normal body mass index (BMI) (regardless of work posture). SUWP was associated with increased IRR (1.49) for lower limb disorders (LLD). LLDs were associated with obesity (overweight (IRR = 2.58; P = 0.08), obese (IRR = 2.45; P = 0.09), and morbidly obese (IRR = 6.24; P = 0.001)).ConclusionsThe protective benefit of the SUWP was statistically significant for SD incidence. Owing to high mean BMI, SUWP had a negative impact on the incidence of LLDs for the first 2 months.
Das ungewöhnliche Leben der Malariaparasiten
Authors: Przyborski Jude , Ganter Markus 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMalaria ist die wichtigste Infektionskrankheit, die von Krankheitsüberträgern (Stechmücken der Gattung Anopheles) verbreitet wird. Sich ausbreitende Resistenzen gegen Chemotherapeutika bedrohen die Erfolge der Malariabekämpfung der letzten Jahre. Ein umfangreiches Verständnis der ungewöhnlichen Biologie des Parasiten ist entscheidend, um dessen Schwachpunkte zu erkennen und für dringend benötigte neue Interventionsstrategien auszunutzen.
Vielfältiges Leben in Sand und Heide
Authors: Petrischak Hannes , Fürstenow Jörg 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungNach vielen Jahrzehnten intensiver militärischer Nutzung sind die ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätze im Osten Deutschlands heute große, unzerschnittene Refugien der Artenvielfalt. Während an fast allen anderen Orten die intensive Landwirtschaft zahlreiche Arten unserer Kulturlandschaft auf die Roten Listen gefährdeter Tiere und Pflanzen beförderte, bieten ihnen Heiden und Trockenrasen auf den nährstoffarmen Böden der „Märkischen Streusandbüchse“ noch Lebensräume in einzigartiger Ausprägung. Um diese zu erhalten, bedarf es jedoch permanent gezielter Maßnahmen von Entbuschung und Beweidung bis zu mechanischen Bodenverwundungen und kontrolliertem Brennen, während einige Waldstandorte der Truppenübungsplätze ein großes Potenzial für eine ungestörte Wildnisentwicklung besitzen. Die Heinz Sielmann Stiftung verfolgt diese Naturschutzziele in Kombination mit der Ermöglichung von Naturerlebnissen in den Schutzgebieten.
Harnessing nanostructured systems for improved treatment and prevention of HIV disease
Authors: Monroe Maya , Flexner Charles , Cui Honggang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCombination antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral replication, delaying the progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome and improving and extending quality of life of patients. However, the inability of antiretroviral therapeutics to target latent virus and their poor penetration of viral reserve tissues result in the need for continued treatment for the life of the patient. Side effects from long‐term antiretroviral use and the development of drug resistance due to patient noncompliance are also continuing problems. Nanostructured systems of antiretroviral therapeutics have the potential to improve targeted delivery to viral reservoirs, reduce drug toxicity, and increase dosing intervals, thereby improving treatment outcomes and enhancing patient adherence. Despite these advantages, very few nanostructured antiretroviral delivery systems have made it to clinical trials due to challenges in preclinical and clinical development. In this context, we review the current challenges in HIV disease management, and the recent progress in leveraging the unique performance of nanostructured systems in therapeutic delivery for improved treatment and prevention of this incurable human disease.