bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, I introduce the topic. I show how I became aware of a widespread misconception in the NGO sector and beyond into the world of international donors that so-called ‘harmful cultural practices’ were the main driver of the AIDS epidemic in Malawi. Biomedical evidence shows that ‘harmful cultural practices’ are not the main contributors to the AIDS epidemic. So what is interesting is why so many educated Malawians working in the AIDS sector told me about the practices, not the villagers, and blamed them for the spread of AIDS. I show that the epistemic community in Malawi (epistemic community includes international donors working on HIV and AIDS as well as the Malawian elite) are reframing both sexual cultural practices and women’s rights’ concepts in the context of what is widely considered an emergency, the AIDS epidemic. I argue that a complex interplay of interests has led to the construction of the narrative that the sexual cultural practice offisicontributes significantly to the spread of AIDS. I argue this complexity can be best understood through three sets of arguments.
Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter I present theoretical perspectives that have informed the research. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research, I show how a number of theories influenced by argument. First, using the approaches used within the anthropology of development I provide a critique of HIV policymaking. Second, and in order to understand how policy was constructed based on misconceptions, I draw on elite and policymaking theories to demonstrate how the policy process is being mediated by the agendas of elites as opposed to biomedical facts. Third, I use postcolonial theory to highlight how the elites are interpreting for themselves the colonial narrative that is founded on a binary opposition; civilised (the elites) and the uncivilised (the rural uneducated population). This then enables the elites to distance themselves from those living in rural areas, allowing them to maintain a position of power and access to the resources flowing in from the aid community.
Circles of Impression: External Foresight in Global Enterprises
Authors: Boman Magnus , Heger Tobias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of corporate foresight by means of its circles of impression, from top management and outward at varying distances from the management board. The concept of circles of impression includes processes of communication, and the influence of this communication to impact change, and is demonstrated to be useful and possible to apply to a wide target class, including strategic and networked foresight efforts. The comparative study described in this chapter focuses on two organizations: an industrial for-profit company and a nonprofit non-governmental organization (NGO). Delivered at a critical time for large global enterprises, the study of foresight activities was carried out in complete independence, scoping by time to point of entry (PoE) and by general area, as provided by the stakeholder. The study covered four future trends, with one—robust artificial intelligence (AI)—reported on here to exemplify and detail the forms of reporting. In the introspective and critical analysis of this foresight work, the role of foresight validator is added to the three roles of corporate foresight known in the research literature: strategist, initiator, and opponent. As the concept of circles of impression is shown to generalize to both global corporate and global nonprofit organizations, a final discussion merges experiences with related conclusions and recommendations for ongoing studies.
Food Anxiety: Ambivalences Around Body and Identity, Food Safety, and Security
Authors: Ehlert Judith , Faltmann Nora Katharina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis introductory chapter to the edited volumeFood Anxiety in Globalising Vietnamputs food in Vietnam in global perspective in terms of agricultural development, food system modernisation, and socio-cultural relations, and conceptually outlines food anxiety as the book’s common lens. This lens proves central for understanding the ‘dangerous’ side of food as material matter and symbolic meaning. ‘Food anxiety’ uncovers the politico-economic context and the socio-cultural embeddedness of eating and the struggles of urban consumers and food producers with ambivalences around the security and quality of food, their bodily integrity and identity. From the perspective of critical development studies, this chapter opens up the following discussions around power and the inclusive and exclusive nature of food globalisations in local contexts.
Concluding Remarks: Anxiety as Invariant of Human Relation to Food
Authors: Poulain Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe question of ‘risk’ in food safety has become particularly important, for scholars and more widely. The risk paradigm focuses attention on health and tends to reject other dimensions. But contemporary crises cannot be reduced to the question of food safety; they interact with food security, food fraud, and social controversies. The concept of ‘compressed modernity’ has been proposed to account for the fact that what Europe experienced in two centuries took place in a mere two generations in some Asian countries. This chapter uses the perspectives of risk and anxiety to focus on complementary dimensions of the relation of the human being to food, allowing for a better understanding of contemporary food crises, and creating the conditions for a more global analysis.
From Food Crisis to Agrarian Crisis? Food Security Strategy and Rural Livelihoods in Vietnam
Authors: Gorman Timothy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe global food crisis of 2007–2008 caused rice prices to skyrocket, raising fears among Vietnamese consumers and policymakers over long-term supplies of this key staple. In response, the Vietnamese government promulgated a new food security policy which promoted intensive rice agriculture and limited the cultivation of alternative crops. In this chapter, Gorman first explores how “food security” came to be defined by the Vietnamese state as the maximization of rice production, and then uses survey data to trace the impact of this output-oriented policy on rural communities. Drawing on critical theories of agrarian change, Gorman argues that this emphasis on rice monoculture has eroded the livelihoods of small farmers, driving many out of agriculture altogether and contributed to the concentration of land among large producers.
Dark matter in (partially) composite Higgs models
Authors: Alanne Tommi , Franzosi Diogo Buarque , Frandsen Mads T. , Rosenlyst Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We construct composite and partially composite Higgs models with complex pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone (pNGB) dark matter states from four-dimensional gauge-Yukawa theories with strongly interacting fermions. The fermions are partially gauged under the electroweak symmetry, and the dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking sector is minimal.
The pNGB dark matter particle is stable due to a U(1) technibaryon-like symmetry, also present in the technicolor limit of the models. However, the relic density is particle anti-particle symmetric and due to thermal freeze-out as opposed to the technicolor limit where it is typically due to an asymmetry.
The pNGB Higgs is composite or partially composite depending on the origin of the Standard Model fermion masses, which impacts the dark matter phenomenology. We illustrate the important features with a model example invariant under an SU(4) × SU(2) × U(1) global symmetry.
Stent‐Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Necrosectomy for Infected Pancreatic Necrosis: Technical Report and a Pilot Study
Authors: Ke Lu , Mao Wenjian , Zhou Jing , Ye Bo , Li Gang , Zhang Jingzhu , Wang Peng , Tong Zhihui , Windsor John , Li Weiqin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsA variety of minimally invasive techniques have been proposed to replace open surgery for the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). In this study, we evaluate the feasibility and safety of the stent‐assisted percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (SAPEN) procedure.MethodsData were collected on all patients who underwent the SAPEN procedure between October 2017 and March 2018. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients were analyzed. A composite primary endpoint of major complications and/or death was used. Three different cases were selected to illustrate different technical aspects of the SAPEN procedure.ResultsThe placement of a percutaneous stent was successful in all of the 23 patients (17 males, six females). IPN was successfully managed in 16/23 (70%) patients, with the need for open surgery in seven patients (30%), with a median of two (range 1–5) SAPEN procedures. No significant procedure‐related complications occurred. Overall 11/23 (48%) patients had a major complication and/or death.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the SAPEN procedure was effective in treating IPN without adding extra procedural risk. The role and benefits of the SAPEN procedure now need to be demonstrated in larger controlled study.
Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score Predicts Outcomes of Curative Resection for Gastric Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamamoto Masashi , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative nutritional status is considered to affect the short‐term and long‐term outcomes of cancer patients. The clinical value of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains unknown.MethodsThis study reviewed 211 elderly patients aged 75 years or over who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer from 2000 to 2015. Patients were grouped according to the preoperative CONUT score into those with normal nutrition (75 patients), light malnutrition (100 patients) and moderate or severe malnutrition (36 patients). The predictive value of the CONUT score for postoperative morbidity and survival was assessed.ResultsImpaired nutrition was associated with cardiovascular disease (P = 0.012) and chronic kidney disease (P = 0.014), and worsened malnutrition was linked to advanced age (P = 0.004), decreased body mass index (P = 0.008) and advanced disease stage (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed the CONUT score as an independent predictor of procedure‐unrelated infectious morbidity (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–5.40; P = 0.046). Patients with a higher CONUT score had significantly shorter overall survival in both stage I and stage II/III gastric cancer (P = 0.044 and P = 0.007, respectively) and reduced cancer‐specific survival in stage II/III (P = 0.003) The CONUT score was a strong predictors of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.18–3.69; P = 0.012) and cancer‐specific survival (HR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.30–10.43; P = 0.015) independent of disease stage.ConclusionsThe preoperative CONUT score is a simple and promising predictor of postoperative procedure‐unrelated infectious morbidity and prognosis in elderly gastric cancer patients.
Zoomorphism
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnthropomorphism is the methodology of attributing human-like mental states to animals. Zoomorphism is the converse of this: it is the attribution of animal-like mental states to humans. Zoomorphism proceeds by first understanding what kind of mental states animals have and then attributing these mental states to humans. Zoomorphism has been widely used as scientific methodology especially in cognitive neuroscience. But it has not been taken seriously as a philosophical explanatory paradigm: as a way of explaining the building blocks of the human mind. The philosophical explanatory paradigm of zoomorphism may not explain all aspects of human behavior (although it may explain surprisingly many), but if we accept the zoomorphic way of thinking about the human mind, we should only posit new, different kinds of mental states if the zoomorphic attribution of animal mental states fails to explain our behavior.
The Development of Chemical Language Usage by “Non-traditional” Students: the Interlanguage Analogy
Authors: Rees Simon , Kind Vanessa , Newton Douglas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStudents commonly find specialist scientific language problematic. This study investigated developments in chemical language usage by six non-traditional students over the course of 1 to 4 years. The students participated in semi-structured interviews and were asked to explain specific chemical scenarios. Interviews were transcribed and analysed for the correct use of macroscopic and sub-microscopic scientific language and occurrences of interlanguage. Results indicate that students experienced difficulties incorporating sub-microscopic language into their explanations. Students also demonstrated potential chemical interlanguage, which we characterise as transitioning from vague to defined use, combining everyday and scientific language, interchanging terms and omission of terms and formulaic phrases. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to science pedagogy.
Integrating fast and slow processes is essential for simulating human–freshwater interactions
Authors: Ward Nicole K. , Fitchett Leah , Hart Julia A. , Shu Lele , Stachelek Jemma , Weng Weizhe , Zhang Yu , Dugan Hilary , Hetherington Amy , Boyle Kevin , Carey Cayelan C. , Cobourn Kelly M. , Hanson Paul C. , Kemanian Armen R. , Sorice Michael G. , Weathers Kathleen C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntegrated modeling is a critical tool to evaluate the behavior of coupled human–freshwater systems. However, models that do not consider both fast and slow processes may not accurately reflect the feedbacks that define complex systems. We evaluated current coupled human–freshwater system modeling approaches in the literature with a focus on categorizing feedback loops as including economic and/or socio-cultural processes and identifying the simulation of fast and slow processes in human and biophysical systems. Fast human and fast biophysical processes are well represented in the literature, but very few studies incorporate slow human and slow biophysical system processes. Challenges in simulating coupled human–freshwater systems can be overcome by quantifying various monetary and non-monetary ecosystem values and by using data aggregation techniques. Studies that incorporate both fast and slow processes have the potential to improve complex system understanding and inform more sustainable decision-making that targets effective leverage points for system change.
Advanced Digital Tools for Updating Overcrowded Rail Stations: Using Eye Tracking, Virtual Reality, and Crowd Simulation to Support Design Decision-making
Authors: Tang Ming , Auffrey Christopher 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper describes an innovative integration of eye tracking (ET) with virtual reality (VR) and details the application of these combined technologies for the adaptive reuse redesign of the Wudaokou rail station in Beijing. The objective of the research is to develop a hybrid approach, combining ET and VR technologies, as part of an experimental study of how to improve wayfinding and pedestrian movement in crowded environments such as those found in urban subway stations during peak hours. Using ET analysis, design features such as edges, and color contrast are used to evaluate several proposed rail station redesigns. Through VR and screen-based ET, visual attention and related spatial responses are tracked and analyzed for the selected redesign elements. This paper assesses the potential benefits of using ET and VR to assist identification of station design elements that will improve wayfinding and pedestrian movement, and describes how the combination of VR and ET can influence the design process. The research concludes that the combination of VR and ET offers unique advantages for modeling how the design of rail transit hub interiors can influence the visual attention and movement behavior of those using the redesigned station. This is especially true for crowded conditions in complex interior spaces. The use of integrated ET and VR technology is shown to inform innovative design approaches for facilitating improved wayfinding and pedestrian movement within redesigned rail stations.
Focus on protecting what's most important – the data
Authors: Beckett Phil 
Published: December 2018

If 2018 can be summed up in a word, ‘changeable’ would come to mind. Politically, sociologically, technologically – the world feels like it's built on fast-moving sands. High-profile breaches and the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have made 2018 feel like a year of seismic change. But digital transformation has also made it a time of opportunity. However, a growing digital footprint comes with additional risk. Security measures that were effective last year may already have become outdated. It is important that firms adopt a robust strategy that combines people, process and technology to enable the business to operate securely, reducing risk and minimising impact, says Phil Beckett of Alvarez & Marsal.
Ecotourism and environmental sustainability knowledge: An open knowledge sharing approach among stakeholders
Authors: Ip-Soo-Ching Jean Marie , Zyngier Suzanne , Nayeem Tahmid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe discipline of knowledge management (KM) considers knowledge as potentially the most valuable organisational asset that must be shared among staff and stakeholders and even communities in order to yield considerable returns and benefits. However, in a real-world context, managers in industries such as high technology, manufacturing and finance jealously guard their valuable knowledge and prevent other entities from gaining access to this resource. Open cases of knowledge sharing among stakeholders such as staff, customers, business partners, competitors and the public are rare. Therefore, the philosophical premise of KM —knowledge must be openly shared —is often unrealised. Knowledge of environmental sustainability is a valuable resource for ecotourism operators because they operate in natural environments such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and Sipadan Marine Park in Malaysia, and depend on the quality of these environments for their ongoing success. This research provides evidence that knowledge dissemination in the form of environmental sustainability knowledge can be openly shared among staff, customers, competitors and the public, thereby linking KM and environmental education. This article provides an interpretivist analysis of knowledge sharing by innovative ecotourism operators in Australia and South East Asia (Malaysia and Thailand). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 executives, field observations and analysis of company documents. Results from this research found that ecotourism managers are passionate believers of environmental sustainability and benevolently share their valuable organisational knowledge and beliefs with all stakeholders.
Mechanical analysis of pinning points in the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Still Holly , Campbell Adam , Hulbe Christina 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIce shelves regulate the rate of ice-sheet discharge along much of the Antarctic coastline. Pinning points, sites of localised grounding within floating ice, can in turn, regulate the flow and thickness of an ice shelf. While the net resistive effect of ice shelves has been quantified in a systematic way, few extant pinning points have been examined in detail. Here, complete force budgets are calculated and examined for ice rises and rumples in the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica. The diverse features have different effects on ice shelf mechanics that do not depend simply on their size but may, we conclude, depend on the properties of seafloor materials.
Development of a 100 J, 10 Hz laser for compression experiments at the High Energy Density instrument at the European XFEL
Authors: Mason Paul , Banerjee Saumyabrata , Smith Jodie , Butcher Thomas , Phillips Jonathan , Höppner Hauke , Möller Dominik , Ertel Klaus , De Vido Mariastefania , Hollingham Ian , Norton Andrew , Tomlinson Stephanie , Zata Tinesimba , Merchan Jorge Suarez , Hooker Chris , Tyldesley Mike , Toncian Toma , Hernandez-Gomez Cristina , Edwards Chris , Collier John 
Published: December 2018

In this paper we review the design and development of a 100 J, 10 Hz nanosecond pulsed laser, codenamed DiPOLE100X, being built at the Central Laser Facility (CLF). This 1 kW average power diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is based on a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) design, which includes two cryogenic gas cooled amplifier stages based on DiPOLE multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology developed at the CLF. The laser will produce pulses between 2 and 15 ns in duration with precise, arbitrarily selectable shapes, at pulse repetition rates up to 10 Hz, allowing real-time shape optimization for compression experiments. Once completed, the laser will be delivered to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility in Germany as a UK-funded contribution in kind, where it will be used to study extreme states of matter at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument.
Aerosol transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus during resuscitation
Authors: Moon Jaeyoung , Lee Hyeokjin , Jeon Ji Hoon , Kwon Yejin , Kim Hojin , Wang Eun Byeol , Seo Choong Won , Sung Sul A. , Kim Su-Hyun , Seok Hyeri , Choi Won Suk , Choi WooYoung , Park Dae Won 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigated potential nosocomial aerosol transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) with droplet precautions. During aerosol generating procedures, SFTSV was be transmitted from person to person through aerosols. Thus, airborne precautions should be added to standard precautions to avoid direct contact and droplet transmission.
All aboard!: Involvement of medical and pharmacy trainees in antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Childs-Kean Lindsey M. , Briggs Heather L. , Cho Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial stewardship (AS) involves the appropriate selection of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are mandated in hospitals and are expanding to involve outpatient arenas. Multiple articles have been published describing the need for AS education for medical and pharmacy students, beginning early in the students’ career to develop into competent AS practitioners. Additionally, publications have described the role and impact of medical and pharmacy trainees on AS programs. Here, we review the published evidence describing medical and pharmacy trainees’ involvement in AS and call for future research in this area.