bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental caries experience in children of a remote Australian Indigenous community following passive and active preventive interventions
Authors: Kroon Jeroen , Lalloo Ratilal , Tadakamadla Santhosh K. , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo report on changes in dental caries experience in children of a remote Indigenous community following 6 years of passive preventive intervention (PPI) and 2 years of active preventive intervention (API).MethodsFive consecutive cross‐sectional surveys were conducted on 4‐ to 15‐year‐old school going children between 2004 and 2017 following phases of Community Water Fluoridation (CWF), post‐cessation of CWF and API. Following treatment of any cavities present, API included selective placement of fissure sealants (FS) and an annual application of povidone‐iodine (PI) and fluoride varnish (FV). The World Health Organization's (WHO) “Oral Health Surveys – Basic Methods (4th Edition)” methodology was used in the first two and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‐II) in the latter three surveys. ICDAS‐II codes of 3‐6, representing advanced caries, were combined to allow comparison to the decayed component of the DMF caries index.ResultsAge‐weighted mean dmft decreased by 37.7% in the deciduous (DD) and DMFT by 35% in the permanent (PD) dentitions between the pre‐ and post‐CWF surveys, followed by increases of 25% and 7.7%, respectively, between the 1‐year and 4‐year post‐CWF surveys. After 2 years of API, mean dmft decreased by 14.3% and DMFT by 7.1%. Untreated dental caries however remained a concern in the DD and PD during both phases of PPI and of API. The decline in caries experience for both dentitions following 2 years of API exceeded that for the 6‐year period of PPI.ConclusionsThe annual reductions in caries experience of 7.2% (DD) and 8% (PD) during the phase of API exceeded annual decreases of 4.7% (DD) and 4.6% (PD) during the phase of PPI. Due to remoteness, cost and logistics in ensuring long‐term viability of API programmes, CWF remains necessary in this type of community.
Children forever: The search for origins among Chilean adults who were adopted
Authors: Salvo Agoglia Irene , Marre Diana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere has been a global increase in the number of adults who were adopted searching for their origins. This trend has promoted the interest of social sciences researchers, as well as carry out the obligations of states to provide specialized services. In this article, we present some results from the first qualitative study that explores the experiences of some Chilean adults who were adopted and searched for their origins in Chile through the National Service of Minor's Search for Origins Program. The narratives of the participants show that, in spite of legislative changes, a series of barriers and contradictions continue to exist, which make it difficult to guarantee the right to know one's origins. The legal and technical frameworks and practices analysed show how difficult it is to dismantle the “clean break” principle. They also highlight the persistence of the image of adoptees as “minors” who need the “protection” of their parents or professionals. We discuss the different challenges to be considered by researchers, practitioners, and policy‐makers involved in adoption policies and practices.
Genetic spectrum of renal disease for 1001 Chinese children based on a multicenter registration system
Authors: Rao Jia , Liu Xiaorong , Mao Jianhua , Tang Xiaoshan , Shen Qian , Li Guomin , Sun Li , Bi Yunli , Wang Xiang , Qian Yanyan , Wu Bingbing , Wang Huijun , Zhou Wenhao , Ma Duan , Zheng Bixia , Shen Ying , Chen Zhi , Luan Jiangwei , Wang Xiaowen , Wang Mo , Dang Xiqiang , Wang Ying , Wu Yubing , Hou Ling , Sun Shuzhen , Li Qian , Liu Xuemei , Bai Haitao , Yang Yang , Shao Xiaoshan , Li Yuhong , Zheng Shasha , Han Mei , Liu Cuihua , Cao Guanghai , Zhao Lijun , Qiu Sanling , Dong Yang , Zhu Ying , Wang Feiyan , Zhang Dongfeng , Li Yufeng , Zhao Liping , Yang Chunfang , Luo Xinhui , Chen Lizhi , Jiang Xiaoyun , Zhang Aihua , Xu Hong ,   for “Internet Plus” Nephrology Alliance of National Center for Children's Care
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo explore the approaches and diagnostic yield of genetic testing for renal disease in children, we describe the genotype and phenotype of the national cohort of children with renal disease from 13 different regions of China recruited from 2014 to 2018 by building up the multicenter registration system (Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database, CCGKDD). Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 42.1% of our cohort of 1001 pediatric patients with clinical suspicion of a genetic renal disease. Of the 106 distinct monogenetic disorders detected, 15 accounted for 60.7% of genetic diagnoses. The diagnostic yield was 29.1% in steroid resistant nephritic syndrome (SRNS), 61.4% in cystic renal disease, 17.0% in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), 62.3% in renal tubular disease/renal calcinosis, and 23.9% for chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3 to 5 stage with unknown origin. Genetic approaches of target gene sequence (TGS), singleton whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and trio‐WES were performed with diagnostic rates of 44.8%, 36.2%, and 42.6%, respectively. The early use of trio‐WES could improve the diagnostic rate especially in renal tubular disease and calcinosis. We report the genetic spectrum of Chinese children with renal disease. Establishment of the CCGKDD will improve the genetic work on renal disease.
Envisioning a New City Center: Time, Displacement, and Atlanta’s Suburban Futures
Authors: Lanari Elisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the fast‐growing, gentrifying metro Atlanta region, poor people and immigrants are simultaneously being priced out of inner city neighborhoods and displaced by suburban revitalization initiatives. Affordable housing activists struggle to adapt their strategies to the place and pace of redevelopment. In this context, focusing on time becomes increasingly crucial to understanding people’s varying experiences and responses to these phenomena. I develop this insight by attending to an often‐overlooked site of gentrification: a majority‐white, conservative, but rapidly diversifying suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. In 2012, this suburban municipality launched an ambitious plan to transform its sprawling, car‐centric landscape into a brand‐new “city center.” The project, inspired by the principles of new urbanism, was only the first step toward a broader redevelopment vision targeting the city’s most diverse neighborhoods. By analyzing planning documents alongside ethnographic data, I examine how affluent homeowners, renters, activists, and institutional actors differentially engaged with and endured the temporalities of redevelopment. I focus in particular on working poor Latinx families, who were first to be affected by these plans. Unlike nonresident activists, these people did not engage in overt forms of contestation, nor did they try to influence local planning decisions. Instead, they deployed various time‐tricking (Bear 2016) and place making tactics in an effort to build a life in the leftover spaces and “meantime” of redevelopment. Through creative uses of time and the re‐purposing of disinvested landscapes, Latinx residents endured the regime of temporal uncertainty and residential mobility (re)produced by redevelopment.
Nontariff measures and product differentiation: Hormone‐treated beef trade from the United States and Canada to the European Union
Authors: Soon Byung Min , Thompson Wyatt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate how a combination of the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measure and product differentiation affects beef trade and the consequences for the United States (US)–European Union (EU) hormone‐treated beef trade dispute. We develop a partial equilibrium model to represent the global beef markets and product differentiation between non‐hormone‐treated beef, hormone‐treated beef, and other beef. The results show that removing the SPS measure increases EU hormone‐treated beef imports from the US and Canada and decrease beef consumption. In addition, EU hormone‐treated beef consumption and imports can be related to a few key indicators of product differentiation. The framework we develop can estimate EU hormone‐treated beef consumption and imports based on a minimum of parameters relating to product differentiation, thereby providing useful applied economic analysis of a key trade measure.
Chloroplast phylogenomics of liverworts: a reappraisal of the backbone phylogeny of liverworts with emphasis on Ptilidiales
Authors: Yu Ying , Yang Jun‐Bo , Ma Wen‐Zhang , Pressel Silvia , Liu Hong‐Mei , Wu Yu‐Huan , Schneider Harald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs one of the four main lineages diverging from the early diversification of land plants, the phylogeny of liverworts holds the information about nearly 500 Myr of independent adaptation to changing environments. Thus, resolving the phylogenetic history of liverworts will provide unique insights into the successful diversification of early land plants in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the deep diverging events of this group remain incompletely resolved, such as the definite position of Ptilidiales. Here, we aimed to reconstruct the backbone relationships of liverworts using 84 protein‐coding chloroplast genes, a dataset comprising 35 representatives from all major lineages of liverworts, and three phylogenetic analyses, namely maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. To test the impact of composition biases, the phylogenetic analyses were carried out using three alignments representing the same dataset either as: (i) nucleotides, (ii) amino acids, or (iii) recoded nucleotides applying ambiguity base code. Chloroplast genome data consistently supported the monophyletic origin of three major lineages in liverworts, as well as the majority of backbone relationships. Ptilidiales were found to be sister to Jungermanniales. The rapid accumulation of G/C tracks as a consequence of increased GC content is an important cause for the long branches inferred in this group. Our study not only provides empirical evidence to support the significance of plastid genome sequencing to reconstruct the phylogeny of this important plant lineage, but also suggests that the GC content has played a critical role in the evolutionary dynamics of plastid genomes in land plants.
The accuracy of computer‐guided implant surgery with tooth‐supported, digitally designed drill guides based on CBCT and intraoral scanning. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Derksen Wiebe , Wismeijer Daniel , Flügge Tabea , Hassan Bassam , Tahmaseb Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate computer‐guided implant surgery with tooth‐supported drill guides based on CBCT scans and intraoral scanning.Materials and methodsFor partially edentulous patients, a prosthetic and surgical planning was completed in the guided surgery software (coDiagnostiX) and drill guides were 3D‐printed accordingly. Three months after implant placement, an intraoral scan of the implant's position was used to evaluate the accuracy of placement using the coDiagnostiX treatment evaluation tool. Deviations were reported in degrees and in distance at implant's entry point and apex. Several risk factors, which might influence the accuracy, were evaluated separately: treated jaw, flap design, prior augmentations, amount of unrestored teeth, crowding, location of implants, cortical interference, and implant's length and diameter.ResultsA total of 66 patients received 145 Straumann tissue level implants that were eligible for accuracy analysis. The mean angular deviation was 2.72° ± 1.42. The mean three‐dimensional deviation at the implant's entry point was 0.75 mm ± 0.34. At implant's apex, the mean was 1.06 mm ± 0.44. The amount of unrestored teeth (p = .002 & p = .003), the implant's location (p < .001), the implant's length (p = .004), and cortical interference (p = .033) had a significant influence on the accuracy of placement. Implant survival was 99.3% (n = 1 failed implant) at 12 and 24 months.ConclusionsGuided surgery with tooth‐supported drill guides made in a digital workflow is a feasible treatment option. However, deviations do occur and the implant's length, location, cortical interference and the amount of unrestored teeth have a significant influence on the accuracy.
Stance detection and mobile app recommendation discourse on tweets
Authors: R Muthusami , A Bharathi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWeb‐based social networking such as microblogging administrations and long‐range informal communication locales are changing the way in which individuals collaborate on the web and search for data and opinions. An essential parameter of online networking discourse is searchability. A key semiotic asset supporting this capacity is the hashtag, a type of social label that enables microbloggers to insert metadata in online networking posts. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze stance detection and app recommendation discourse on tweets in view of hashtag techniques, which is in the territory of etymology, and to spotlight the structure of dialect at the provision level. With a revival of enthusiasm for topics identified by modeling language at the discourse level, a graphical model of conversational structure (ie, the structural topic model) has been constructed by means of utilizing three methods: displaying words connected with topics or documents highly connected with topics, calculating topic correlations, and assessing associations between metadata and topical content, its capture of latent topics, and topical structures inside documents on a benchmark dataset (ie, SemEval 2016) has been scrutinized for stance detection, and data have been crawled from Twitter, using the hashtag #App for app recommendations.
Clinical Trial in a Dish: Personalized Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocyte Assay Compared With Clinical Trial Results for Two QT‐Prolonging Drugs
Authors: Blinova Ksenia , Schocken Derek , Patel Dakshesh , Daluwatte Chathuri , Vicente Jose , Wu Joseph C. , Strauss David G. 
Published: July 2019

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promise in investigating donor‐specific phenotypes and pathologies. The iPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) could potentially be utilized in personalized cardiotoxicity studies, assessing individual proarrhythmic risk. However, it is unclear how closely iPSC‐CMs derived from healthy subjects can recapitulate a range of responses to drugs. It is well known that QT‐prolonging drugs induce subject‐specific clinical response and that all healthy subjects do not necessarily develop arrhythmias or exhibit similar amounts of QT prolongation. We previously reported this variability in a study of four human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) potassium channel–blocking drugs in which each subject underwent intensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic sampling such that subjects had 15 time‐matched plasma drug concentration and electrocardiogram measurements throughout 24 hours after dosing in a phase I clinical research unit. In this study, iPSC‐CMs were generated from those subjects. Their drug‐concentration‐dependent QT prolongation response from the clinic was compared with in vitro drug‐concentration‐dependent action potential duration (APD) prolongation response to the same two hERG‐blocking drugs, dofetilide and moxifloxacin. Comparative results showed no significant correlation between the subject‐specific APD response slopes and clinical QT response slopes to either moxifloxacin (P = 0.75) or dofetilide (P = 0.69). Similarly, no significant correlation was found between baseline QT and baseline APD measurements (P = 0.93). This result advances our current understanding of subject‐specific iPSC‐CMs and facilitates discussion into factors obscuring correlation and considerations for future studies of subject‐specific phenotypes in iPSC‐CMs.
Cutaneous spindle cell adenolipoma with eccrine and apocrine differentiation
Authors: Farah Maya , Chung Hye Jin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCutaneous spindle cell adenolipoma (SCAL) is a recently described rare variant of lipoma with 11 cases reported to date. Here we report a consultation case of a 77‐year‐old male who presented with a nodule on the right nasolabial fold, diagnosed as apocrine fibroadenoma or sebaceous hyperplasia by an outside pathologist. The specimen revealed an ill‐defined dermal tumor composed of mature adipocytes, bland spindle cells, ropey collagen, and dilated eccrine and apocrine glands and ducts in a fibromyxoid stroma. The spindle cells were positive for CD34 and negative for S100 protein and SOX10. These findings are consistent with those of cutaneous SCAL. The pathogenesis of this entity is controversial and includes a hamartomatous process, derivation from adipose tissue surrounding eccrine glands, or preexisting glands entrapment within a growing lipoma. In the present case, the glandular component is extensive and includes both eccrine and apocrine differentiation, which has not been previously described and further supports the hamartomatous nature. Awareness of this rare entity is helpful to prevent confusion with other look‐alike primary and metastatic cutaneous lesions.
Revisiting interreligious relations: The convergence of global context and ecclesial developments
Authors: Makari Peter E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollowing the important work of the 1980s and 1990s by the US churches and ecumenical bodies in developing interfaith statements and policies, significant events in both the US and international arenas were coincidental and motivational for US Christians to reconsider their interreligious engagement in a new context. This article examines the major contextual factors, as well as ecumenical developments with particular attention to the United Church of Christ and the National Council of Churches, which also will consider new statements in 2019.
Asymmetrical interspecific communication of predatory threat in mixed‐species colonies of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula)
Authors: Hare James F. , Sarà Maurizio , Hare Alexander J. , Campobello Daniela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSympatric species derive benefits by attending to information conveyed by heterospecifics. Our previous finding of reduced vigilance among jackdaws and lesser kestrels residing in mixed‐species colonies suggested a reliance on interspecific communication of information regarding predatory threats. To test for interspecific communication of threat, we first determined whether jackdaw and lesser kestrel call structure varied with perceived threat. In this call production phase of our study, free‐living birds in mixed‐species colonies were presented with models representing a potential nest predator (European magpie) or with non‐threatening stimuli (wood pigeon or wooden dowel) in proximity to nests. We recorded and subsequently analysed those calls to determine if any temporal or frequency‐related call parameters differed by model type. In a second, perceptual phase of our study, we tested whether receivers perceive threat‐related variation in both conspecific and heterospecific call structure by playing back call exemplars recorded in response to the predator model or to innocuous control stimuli, to determine whether free‐living jackdaws or lesser kestrels respond differentially to playbacks of the different call types. We detected differences in vocalizations of both jackdaws and lesser kestrels relative to the model type presented, with more broadband (lesser kestrel) or noisy calls (jackdaws) in response to magpie versus innocuous model types. We also detected differential behavioural responses to call playbacks, with both jackdaws and lesser kestrels increasing vigilance and alarm calling in response to magpie‐elicited jackdaw calls, but not to other call types. Taken together, our results suggest that jackdaw, but not lesser kestrel vocalizations, communicate enhanced threat associated with European magpies as possible nest predators. This interspecific alarm communication benefits both jackdaws and lesser kestrels, and, at least in part, explains asymmetric responses of jackdaws and lesser kestrels to magpies attending mixed‐species colonies in nature.
Presenting health and medical geography: People, places, and change
Authors: Moon Graham , Sabel Clive 
Published: July 2019

Assessments of the development of geography as a discipline, and studies of sub‐disciplinary development within geography, have generally focused on the subject matter under study. Consideration has concentrated on topics, theories, methods, and paradigm shifts identified by analyses of published literature. There has been rather less interest in the spatialisation of the practice and performance of the discipline by people and institutions (though there have been exceptions) and equally little attention to the evidence provided by geographical conferences. We address these lacunae in current knowledge through a quantitative study of changing disciplinary endeavour in health geography as evidenced by participation in the International Medical Geography Symposia. For 35 years this biennial meeting has been the flagship conference for health and medical geographers. We have obtained, reviewed, and coded the proceedings of all 17 symposia, analysing the submitted papers by location of symposia, lead authorship, affiliation, and country of authorship. We investigate the globalisation of the sub‐discipline and changes in key institutional involvement. Novel network analysis methods are used to identify changing linkages between research centres. What emerges is a complex sub‐discipline driven by the changing neoliberal context of higher education and marked by both continuities and discontinuities in its practitioner networks.
Effect of maturity stage at harvest on the ensilability of maize hybrids in the early and late FAO classes, grown in areas differing in yield potential
Authors: Marchesini Giorgio , Serva Lorenzo , Chinello Maria , Gazziero Matteo , Tenti Sandro , Mirisola Massimo , Garbin Elisabetta , Contiero Barbara , Grandis Daniel , Andrighetto Igino 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of earliness (according to FAO class), maturity stage at harvest and environmental conditions on the ensilability of maize hybrids described by their fermentation products and by a fermentation quality index (FQI). Maize hybrids belonging to early (n = 14) and late (n = 15) FAO classes were grown in low, medium and high potential yield areas and harvested at an early (EH), medium (MH) and late maturity stage (LH), that is, at 1/3, 2/3 and 5 d after the 2/3 milk line stage, respectively, according to a split‐plot design. Upon harvest, each sample (n = 522) was analysed for dry matter (DM) and water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) before being ensiled in vacuum‐packed bags (n = 1,044). After 60 days of conservation, samples were analysed for DM and fermentation products. In the pre‐ensiling phase, DM was higher in early hybrids (p = .001), low yield areas (p < .001) and at LH maturity (p < .001), whereas WSC contents were higher in early hybrids (p < .001), medium yield areas (p < .001) and at EH maturity (p < .001). With regard to silages, early hybrids had a higher FQI (p < .001), which was highest in areas with a high yield potential (p < .01) and at EH maturity (p < .01). Late hybrids proved to be better suited for low yield areas compared with early hybrids (p < .01) and had a higher FQI at EH and MH than at LH maturity (p < .01).