bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Multimodality Embedding Of Cerebral Cortex Using Attention Graph Network For Identifying Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Yang Huzheng , Li Xiaoxiao , Wu Yifan , Li Siyi , Lu Su , Duncan James S. , Gee James C. , Gu Shi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBipolar Disorder (BP) is a mental disorder that affects 1 ∼ 2% of the population. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment can benefit from associated biological markers. The existing methods typically utilize biomarkers from anatomical MRI or functional BOLD imaging, but lack the ability of revealing the relationship between integrated modalities and disease. In this paper, we developed an Edge-weighted Graph Attention Network (EGAT) with Dense Hierarchical Pooling (DHP), to better understand the underlying roots of the disorder from the view of structure-function integration. For the input, the underlying graphs are constructed from functional connectivity matrices and the nodal features consist of both the anatomical features and the statistics of the connectivity. We investigated the potential benefits of using EGAT to classify BP vs. Healthy Control (HC). Compared with traditional machine learning classifiers, our proposed EGAT embedding increased improved 10 ∼ 20% in the accuracy and F1-score, compared with alternative classifiers. More specifically, by examining the attention map and gradient sensitivity of nodal features, we indicated that associated with the abnormality of anatomical geometric properties, multiple interactive patterns among Default Mode, Fronto-parietal and Cingulo-opercular networks contribute to identifying BP.
Base-rate neglect and neural computations for subjective weight in probabilistic inference
Authors: Yang Yun-Yen , Wu Shih-Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHumans show systematic biases when estimating probability of uncertain events. Base-rate neglect is a well-known bias that describes the tendency to underweight information from the past relative to the present. In this study, we characterized base-rate neglect at the computational and neural implementation levels. At the computational level, we established that base-rate neglect arises from insufficient adjustment to weighting prior information in response to changes in prior variability. At the neural implementation level, we found that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represent subjective weighting of information that reflects base-rate neglect. Critically, both subjective-weight and subjective-value signals that guide choice were found in mPFC. However, subjective-weight signals preceded subjective-value signals. These results indicate that when facing multiple sources of information, estimation bias such as base-rate neglect arises from information weighting computed in OFC and mPFC, which directly contributes to subjective-value computations that guide decisions under uncertainty.Significance StatementFacing uncertainty, estimating the probability of different potential outcomes carries significant weight in affecting how we act and decide. Decades of research show that humans are prone to giving biased estimation but it remains elusive how these biases arise in the brain. We focus on base-rate neglect, a well-known bias in probability estimation and find that it is tightly associated with activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. These regions represent the degree to which human participants weigh different sources of information, suggesting that base-rate neglect arises from information-weighting computations in the brain. As technology provides us the opportunity to seek and gather information at an ever-increasing pace, understanding information-weighting and its biases also carry important policy implications.
Exploring novel probiotic mechanisms ofStreptococcusA12 with functional genomics
Authors: Lee K , Walker AR , Chakraborty B , Kaspar JR , Nascimento MM , Burne RA 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHealth-associated biofilms in the oral cavity are composed of a diverse group of microbial species that can foster an environment that is less favorable for the outgrowth of dental caries pathogens, likeStreptococcus mutans.A novel oral bacterium, designatedStreptococcusA12, was previously isolated from supragingival dental plaque of a caries-free individual, and was shown to interfere potently with the growth and virulence properties ofS. mutans. Here, we apply functional genomics to begin to identify molecular mechanisms used by A12 to antagonize, and to resist the antagonistic factors of,S. mutans.Using bioinformatics, genes that could encode factors that enhance the ability of A12 to compete withS. mutanswere identified. Selected genes, designated aspotentialcompetitive factors (pcf), were deleted. Certain mutant derivatives showed a reduced capacity to compete withS. mutanscompared to the parental strain. The A12pcfOmutant lost the ability to inhibitcomX-inducingpeptide (XIP) signaling byS. mutans, while mutants in thepcfFEGlocus were impaired in sensing of, and were more sensitive to, the lantibiotic nisin. Loss of PcfV, annotated as a colicin V biosynthetic protein, resulted in diminished antagonism ofS. mutans.Collectively, the data provide new insights into the complexities and variety of factors that affect biofilm ecology and virulence. Continued exploration of the genomic and physiologic factors that distinguish commensals from truly beneficial members of the oral microbiota will lead to a better understanding of the microbiome and new approaches to promote oral health.ImportanceAdvances in defining the composition of health-associated biofilms have highlighted the important role for beneficial species in maintaining health. Comparatively little, however, has been done to address the genomic and physiological basis underlying the probiotic mechanisms of beneficial commensals. In this study, we explored the ability of a novel oral bacterial isolate,StreptococcusA12, to compete with the dental pathogenStreptococcus mutans, using various gene products with diverse functions. A12 displayed enhanced competitiveness by: i) disrupting intercellular communication pathways ofS. mutans, ii) sensing and resisting antimicrobial peptides, and iii) producing factors involved in the production of a putative antimicrobial compound. Research on the probiotic mechanisms employed byStreptococcusA12 is providing essential insights into how beneficial bacteria may help maintain oral health, which will aid in the development of biomarkers and therapeutics that can improve the practice of clinical dentistry.
Systematic analysis of Plasmodium myosins reveals differential expression, localization and function in invasive and proliferative parasite stages
Authors: Wall Richard J. , Zeeshan Mohammad , Katris Nicholas J. , Limenitakis Rebecca , Rea Edward , Stock Jessica , Brady Declan , Waller Ross F. , Holder Anthony A. , Tewari Rita 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe myosin superfamily comprises of actin-dependent eukaryotic molecular motors important in a variety of cellular functions. Although well studied in many systems, knowledge of their functions in Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, is restricted. Previously, six myosins were identified in this genus, including three Class XIV myosins found only in Apicomplexa and some Ciliates. The well characterised MyoA, is a class XIV myosin essential for gliding motility and invasion. Here, we characterize all other Plasmodium myosins throughout the parasite life cycle and show that they have very diverse patterns of expression and cellular location. MyoB and MyoE, the other two Class XIV myosins, are expressed in all invasive stages, with apical and basal locations, respectively. Gene deletion revealed that MyoE is involved in sporozoite motility, MyoF and MyoK are likely essential in the asexual blood stages, and MyoJ and MyoB are not essential. Both MyoB and its essential light chain (MCL-B) are localised at the apical end of ookinetes but expressed at completely different time points. This work provides a better understanding of the role of actomyosin motors in Apicomplexan parasites, particularly in the motile and invasive stages of Plasmodium during sexual and asexual development within the mosquito.
Synaptic mitochondria are critical for hair-cell synapse formation and function
Authors: Wong Hiu-tung C. , Zhang Qiuxiang , Beirl Alisha J. , Petralia Ronald S. , Wang Ya-Xian , Kindt Katie S. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySensory hair cells in the ear utilize specialized ribbon synapses. These synapses are defined by electron-dense presynaptic structures called ribbons, composed primarily of the structural protein Ribeye. Previous work has shown that voltage-gated influx of Ca2+through CaV1.3 channels is critical for hair-cell synapse function and can impede ribbon formation. We show that in mature zebrafish hair cells, evoked presynaptic-Ca2+influx through CaV1.3 channels initiates mitochondrial-Ca2+(mito-Ca2+) uptake adjacent to ribbons. Block of mito-Ca2+uptake in mature cells depresses presynaptic Ca2+influx and impacts synapse integrity. In developing zebrafish hair cells, mito-Ca2+uptake coincides with spontaneous rises in presynaptic Ca2+influx. Spontaneous mito-Ca2+loading lowers cellular NAD+/NADH redox and downregulates ribbon formation. Direct application of NAD+or NADH increases or decreases ribbon formation respectively, possibly acting through the NAD(H)-binding domain on Ribeye. Our results present a mechanism where presynaptic- and mito-Ca2+couple to confer proper presynaptic function and formation.
From the natural continuum to the elastic spring cell in three and two dimensions -- a flexibility approach
Authors: Doltsinis I St 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The employment of spring cell substitutes for the numerical analysis of solids and structures in place of finite elements has occasioned research on the subject with regard to both, the applicability of existing approaches and the advancement of concepts. This paper aims to explore in the context of linear elasticity the substitution of the simplex tetrahedral element in space and the triangle in the plane by corresponding spring cells deduced on a flexibility basis using the natural formalism.

Design/methodology/approach
The natural formalism is characterized by the homogeneous definition of strain and stress along the lines connecting nodes of the simplex tetrahedron and the triangle. The elastic compliance involves quantities along the prospective spring directions and offers itself for the transition to the spring cell. The diagonal entities are interpreted immediately as spring flexibilities, the off-diagonal terms account for the completeness of the substitution. In addition to the isotropic elastic material, the concept is discussed for anisotropic elasticity in the plane.

Findings
The natural point of view establishes the spring cell as part of the continuum element. The simplest configuration of pin-joined bars discards all geometrical and physical cross effects. The approach is attracting by its transparent simplicity, revealing deficiencies of the spring cell and identifying directly conditions for the complete substitution of the finite element.

Research limitations/implications
The spring cell counterparts of the tetrahedral- and the triangular finite elements allow employment in problems in three and two dimensions. However, the deficient nature of the approximation requires attention in the design of the discretization lattice such that the conditions of complete finite element substitution are approached as close as possible.

Practical implications
Apart from plane geometries, triangular spring cells have been assembled to lattice models of space structures such as membrane shells and similar. Tetrahedral cells have been used, in modelling plates and shell structures exhibiting bending stiffness.

Originality/value
The natural formalism of simplex finite elements in three and two dimensions is used for defining spring cells on a flexibility basis and exploring their properties. This is a novel approach to spring cells and an original employment of the natural concept in isotropic and anisotropic elasticity.
What is new about India’s economic growth? An industry level productivity perspective
Authors: Das Deb Kusum , Aggarwal Suresh Chand , Erumban Abdul Azeez , Das Pilu Chandra 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The dynamics of economic growth in India continues to engage economists and still remains much debated. The trends and patterns of growth observed in India have seen acceleration in growth in Indian economy in the period following macroeconomic reforms and policy changes in investment and trade regimes. However, when and how did India transform itself from Hindu rate of growth to the present growth regime continues to be debated.

Design/methodology/approach
Using INDIA KLEMS data set, this study provides a distinctive perspective on India’s economic growth. A unique data set comprising 27 sectors of Indian economy at a disaggregate industry level for a period of 30 years, beginning 1980s, attempts to understand the dynamics of India’s growth from the contribution of industries that comprise the Indian economy.

Findings
This productivity data set offers a new way of analyzing the dynamics of growth including the sources of growth. The growth empirics allow evaluation of the relative significance of total factor productivity growth vis-a-vis input accumulation in accounting for output growth. In addition, the authors were able to document the industry contributions to aggregate growth. In this way, they were able to analyze the importance of the constituent industries within the different sectors of the economy − agriculture, manufacturing, construction and market, as well as non-market services in accounting for the observed growth in India. In conclusion, the industry perspective offers a new and analytical way of discerning new aspects of India’s march to higher growth regimes in post-1990s era.

Originality/value
A unique data set comprising 27 sectors of Indian economy at a disaggregate industry level for a period of 30 years, beginning 1980s, attempts to understand the dynamics of India’s growth from the contribution of industries that comprise the Indian economy.
Trade liberalization and productivity of Indian manufacturing firms
Authors: Goldar Bishwanath , Chawla Isha , Behera Smruti Ranjan 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of India’s trade liberalization during the late 1990s and 2000s on productivity of manufacturing firms and verify whether the productivity-enhancing impact of reductions in input tariffs was greater than that of output tariff cuts, as found in some earlier studies.

Design/methodology/approach
Firm-level (company-level) data drawn from Prowess database are used for the estimation of total factor productivity (TFP) at the firm level, done by using the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain firm-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are output and input tariff rates and quantitative restrictions on imports at the industry level and firm characteristics such as firm size, export intensity and import intensity. Firm-level panel data for 2002-2010 or for a longer period 1998-2010 are used for the estimation of econometric models. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed-effects model and IV-2SLS, 3SLS estimators and EC2SLS estimators.

Findings
Trade liberalization had a significant positive effect on the productivity of Indian manufacturing firms. The lowering of output tariff had a greater beneficial impact on TFP of Indian manufacturing firms than the lowering of tariff on intermediate inputs.

Originality/value
Good deal of care has been taken in the measurement of output and inputs for the purpose of TFP measurement. Two alternative frameworks, gross output and value added, are used. This helps in making a better estimate of the impact of trade liberalization on TFP.
Convergence in condominium prices of major US metropolitan areas
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Payne James E. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the long-run convergence properties of condominium prices based on the ripple effect for five major US metropolitan areas (Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco). Specifically, we test for both overall convergence in condominium prices and the possibility of distinct convergence clubs to ascertain the interdependence of geographically dispersed metropolitan condominium markets.Design/methodology/approachOur analysis uses two approaches to identify the convergence properties of condominium prices: the Lee and Strazicich (2003) unit root test with endogenous structural breaks and the Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) time-varying nonlinear club convergence tests.FindingsThe Lee and Strazicich (2003) unit root tests identify two structural breaks in 2006 and 2008 with the rejection of the null hypothesis of a unit root and long-run convergence in condominium prices in the cases of Boston and New York. The Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) club convergence test reveals the absence of overall convergence in condominium prices across all metropolitan areas, but the emergence of two distinct convergence clubs with clear geographical segmentation: on the east coast with Boston and New York and the west coast with Los Angeles and San Francisco while Chicago exhibits a non-converging path.Research limitations/implicationsThe results highlight the distinct geographical segmentation of metropolitan condominium markets, which provides useful information to local policymakers, financial institutions, real estate developers and real estate portfolio managers. The limitations of the research are the identification of the underlying sources for the convergence clubs identified due to the availability of monthly data for a number of potential variables.Practical implicationsThe absence of overall convergence in condominium prices, but the emergence of distinct convergence clubs that reflects the geographical segmentation of metropolitan condominium markets raises the potential for portfolio diversification.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies that have focused on single-family housing, this is the first study to examine the convergence of metropolitan area condominium prices.
The return on investment from international patient programs in American hospitals
Authors: Patel Ishani , Johnson Tricia J. , Garman Andrew N. , Hohmann Samuel , Pescara Paola , Fowler Jarrett , Daneshgar Shabnam 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Hospitals catering to the unique needs of international patients often make substantial investments in their international program. Research has yet to evaluate the return on investment (ROI) of establishing these programs. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic benefits and costs of international patient programs and evaluate the ROI of international patients for US hospitals by program maturity and size.

Design/methodology/approach
Operational information about 29 health systems with international patient programs in the USA was obtained from the US Cooperative for International Patient Programs (USCIPP) Annual Benchmarking Survey. A Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the association between international program investments and revenue. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test whether ROI differs significantly by program maturity and size.

Findings
It was found that 14 (48.3 per cent) international programs were established and 10 (34.5 per cent) programs were large in size. The median estimated organizational total gross revenue less operating expense for all programs was positive ($15.6m). Total gross revenue less operating expense was higher for large programs ($105.6m) than for small programs ($9.2m) (p < 0.001) and higher for established programs ($40.2m) than for new programs ($8.5m) (p < 0.001).

Originality/value
The results suggest that hospital investment in international programs yields substantial returns for the health systems studied. New programs rely on staff from other areas of the organization while developing operational processes and relationships with providers and payers abroad. Examining the ROI can help hospitals develop a business case for an international program and understand any economies of scale from increased investment.
Throughput models for a dual-bay VLM order picking system under different configurations
Authors: Sgarbossa Fabio , Calzavara Martina , Persona Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Vertical lift module (VLM) is a parts-to-picker system for order picking of small products, which are stored into two columns of trays served by a lifting crane. A dual-bay VLM order picking (dual-bay VLM-OP) system is a particular solution where the operator works in parallel with the crane, allowing higher throughput performance. The purpose of this paper is to define models for different operating configurations able to improve the total throughput of the dual-bay VLM-OP system.

Design/methodology/approach
Analytical models are developed to estimate the throughput of a dual-bay VLM-OP. A deep evaluation has been carried out, considering different storage assignment policies and the sequencing retrieval of trays.

Findings
A more accurate estimation of the throughput is demonstrated, compared to the application of previous models. Some use guidelines for practitioners and academics are derived from the analysis based on real data.

Originality/value
Differing from previous contributions, these models include the acceleration/deceleration of the crane and the probability of storage and retrieve of each single tray. This permits to apply these models to different storage assignment policies and to suggest when these policies can be profitably applied. They can also model the sequencing retrieval of trays.
Leadership through love and fear: an effective combination
Authors: Dahm Patricia C. , Greenbaum Bruce E. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how employees’ sentiments of fear and companionate love toward their leaders relate to leader effectiveness and follower loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis uses multi-level survey data (n=728) from a professional services firm. Proposed relationships are examined using multi-level modeling, polynomial regression and response surface analysis.FindingsCompanionate love moderates the relationship between fear of a leader and leader effectiveness and follower loyalty. At high levels of companionate love, leader effectiveness and loyalty increase with fear, but at low levels of companionate love, fear negatively relates to leader effectiveness and loyalty. There are diminishing returns at relatively high levels of love and fear or when love becomes relatively much greater than fear.Research limitations/implicationsFindings suggest that employees may incorporate sentiments of love and fear into their implicit leadership theories (ILTs), though the authors do not measure ILTs.Practical implicationsLeaders may consider incorporating behaviors that elicit sentiments of both love and fear for greatest follower loyalty and effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the combination of sentiments of love and fear. In contrast to the extant literature, which posits that fear has primarily negative effects, the results suggest that fear may have a more nuanced relationship with perceptions of the leader.