bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING MORTALITY BOND INDEXES VIA HIERARCHICAL FORECAST RECONCILIATION
Authors: Li Han , Tang Qihe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been significant growth in the capital market for mortality- and longevity-linked bonds. Therefore, modeling and forecasting the mortality indexes underlying these bonds have crucial implications for risk management in life insurance companies. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reconciliation approach to constructing probabilistic forecasts for mortality bond indexes. We apply this approach to analyzing the Swiss Re Kortis bond, which is the first “longevity trend bond” introduced in the market. We express the longevity divergence index associated with the bond’s principal reduction factor (PRF) in a hierarchical setting. We first adopt time-series models to obtain forecasts on each hierarchical level, and then apply a minimum trace reconciliation approach to ensure coherence of forecasts across all levels. Based on the reconciled probabilistic forecasts of the longevity divergence index, we estimate the probability distribution of the PRF of the Kortis bond, and compare our results with those stated in Standard and Poor’s report on pre-sale information. We also illustrate the strong performance of the approach by comparing the reconciled forecasts with unreconciled forecasts as well as those from the bottom-up approach and the optimal combination approach. Finally, we provide first insights on the interest spread of the Kortis bond throughout its risk period 2010–2016.
Employer preferences and political alignments during the Eurocrisis: Evidence from the Portuguese case
Authors: Lisi Marco , Loureiro João 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper strives to shed light on the interaction between business groups and the main governing parties after the onset of the economic crisis through a “thick narrative” approach. By focusing on the Portuguese case, the study aims to examine the preferences of the employer confederations during the distinct phases of the economic crisis and to analyze the political alignments established with different party governments. This contribution confirms the fragmentation of business interests on the one hand and tensions between the right-wing government and the main employer confederations on the other. While a pragmatic approach to party politics seems to be the predominant trend, historical and institutional legacies are still important factors when considering the actions and inner tensions of these organizations.
Solving the inertial particle equation with memory
Authors: Haller George 
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of spherical particles in a fluid flow is governed by the well-accepted Maxey–Riley equation. This equation of motion simply represents Newton’s second law, equating the rate of change of the linear momentum with all forces acting on the particle. One of these forces, the Basset–Boussinesq memory term, however, is notoriously difficult to handle, which prompts most studies to ignore this term despite ample numerical and experimental evidence of its significance. This practice may well change now due to a clever reformulation of the particle equation of motion by Prasath, Vasan & Govindarajan (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 868, 2019, pp. 428–460), who convert the Maxey–Riley equation into a one-dimensional heat equation with non-trivial boundary conditions. Remarkably, this reformulation confirms earlier estimates on particle asymptotics, yields previously unknown analytic solutions and leads to an efficient numerical scheme for more complex flow fields.
Weak shock reflection in channel flows for dense gases
Authors: Kluwick A. , Cox E. A. 
Published: July 2019

The canonical problem of transonic dense gas flows past two-dimensional compression/expansion ramps has recently been investigated by Kluwick & Cox (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 848, 2018, pp. 756–787). Their results are for unconfined flows and have to be supplemented with solutions of another canonical problem dealing with the reflection of disturbances from an opposing wall to finally provide a realistic picture of flows in confined geometries of practical importance. Shock reflection in dense gases for transonic flows is the problem addressed in this paper. Analytical results are presented in terms of similarity parameters associated with the fundamental derivative of gas dynamics$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$, its derivative with respect to the density at constant entropy$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC})$and the Mach number$(M)$of the upstream flow. The richer complexity of flows scenarios possible beyond classical shock reflection is demonstrated. For example: incident shocks close to normal incidence on a reflecting boundary can lead to a compound shock–wave fan reflected flow or a pure wave fan flow as well as classical flow where a compressive reflected shock attached to the reflecting boundary is observed. With incident shock angles sufficiently away from normal incidence regular reflection becomes impossible and so-called irregular reflection occurs involving a detached reflection point where an incident shock, reflected shock and a Mach stem shock which remains connected to the boundary all intersect. This triple point intersection which also includes a wave fan is known as Guderley reflection. This classical result is demonstrated to carry over to the case of dense gases. It is then finally shown that the Mach stem formed may disintegrate into a compound shock–wave fan structure generating an additional secondary upstream shock. The aim of the present study is to provide insight into flows realised, for example, in wind tunnel experiments where evidence for non-classical gas dynamic effects such as rarefaction shocks is looked for. These have been predicted theoretically by the seminal work of Thompson (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (9), 1971, pp. 1843–1849) but have withstood experimental detection in shock tubes so far, due to, among others, difficulties to establish purely one-dimensional flows.
The authentic classroom
Authors: Lowe Kevin B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA panel of eight leadership scholars was convened to participate in a panel at the 20th International Leadership Association Conference to discuss the benefits and the pitfalls of applying authentic leadership theory to the classroom setting. Inspired by Ken Parry's masterful teaching and the authenticity that he displayed in the classroom, this paper provides an overview of the panel's discussion as they grappled with the attractions, the challenges and the risks that are posed to both teacher-scholars and student-scholars in bringing their full selves into the classroom.
Adopting Bricolage to Overcome Resource Constraints: The Case of Social Enterprises in Rural India
Authors: Hota Pradeep Kumar , Mitra Sumit , Qureshi Israr 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSocial enterprises (SEs) primarily aim to create social value, that is, to generate benefits or reduce costs for society, while maintaining financial sustainability. Owing to their unique operating conditions and organizational characteristics, SEs face more severe resource challenges than their commercial counterparts. These challenges are exacerbated for SEs operating in emerging economies with complex social contexts. Overcoming these resource constraints and social challenges is vital for SEs to achieve their mission. Using an inductive multiple case-study approach, we identify a unique bricolage solution for achieving the dual objectives of SEs. Our findings suggest that identifying locally embeddedvillage level entrepreneursis a bricolage activity that social entrepreneurs leverage in the resource constrained environment of emerging economies, especially for the social enterprises that are active in the villages but were founded by social entrepreneurs who are not from these villages. This article therefore contributes to both social entrepreneurship literature as well as entrepreneurial bricolage literature and has important implications for future research and practice.
Institutional Bridging for SME High-Distance Internationalisation to
China: A Contextualised Explanation
Authors: Couper Carole 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article offers a contextualised explanation of the process of institutional
bridging by Delta, a British SME, in order to internationalise to China across
high institutional distance. The study uncovers three novel mechanisms of
‘Cross-institutional Dissonance Mitigation’,
‘Multi-level Strategic Embedding’, and
‘Cross-institutional Consonance Retuning’ to explain how
and why a failing SME with limited resources and networks was able to bridge the
institutional distance and internationalise to the challenging Chinese market.
This article contributes to the literature on SME internationalisation across
high institutional distance by opening the ‘black box’ of
SME institutional bridging, hence demonstrating the benefits of contextualised
explanations to extend research into internationalisation phenomena that span
multiple institutional boundaries.
Under Construction: Alternative Spaces of Discourse at the National Library of Israel (Critical Essay)
Authors: Kargon Jeremy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new building for the National Library of Israel (NLI), scheduled for completion in 2021, is the culmination of a two-decade process of institutional transformation. Formerly known as the Jewish National and University Library, the NLI has historically served simultaneously as Israel's official state repository, as the Hebrew University's central library, and as a “library of the Jewish people.” Like other national libraries around the world, including elsewhere in the Middle East, the National Library of Israel has had to grapple with accelerated changes in management of library collections due to the proliferation of digital media. More fundamental, however, have been changes in the cultural expectations about how libraries should function. Since 1998, the NLI has sought to expand its mission to promote not only scholarship but also cultural “discourse” among Israel's diverse constituencies. The architectural design of NLI's new edifice was intended, therefore, to do more than house the functional requirements of a modern library. It was commissioned to express through its design the significance of the transformed institution for the Israeli public. Towards that goal, a highly publicized competition for the NLI's design was held in 2012. The original two-stage competition ended in controversy after the architect endorsed by the jurors was dismissed. Yet a review of designs submitted by four Israeli architects in that first competition shows how public spaces, affiliated with public institutions, are expected to foster public discourse in Israel. Whether that discourse is cultural or political, contentious or contradictory, these alternative designs for the NLI illustrate common themes based upon specific environmental tropes, familiar across a broad spectrum of Israeli society.
Effect of process-induced common bean hardness on structural properties of in vivo generated boluses and consequences for in vitro starch digestion kinetics
Authors: Pallares Pallares Andrea , Loosveldt Bram , Karimi Solomon N. , Hendrickx Marc , Grauwet Tara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated the effect of process-induced common bean hardness on structural properties ofin vivogenerated boluses and the consequences forin vitrostarch digestion. Initially, the impact of human mastication on the particle size distribution (PSD) of oral boluses from common beans with different process-induced hardness levels was investigated through a mastication study. Then the effect of structural properties of selected boluses onin vitrostarch digestion kinetics was assessed. For a particular process-induced hardness level, oral boluses had similar PSD despite differences in masticatory parameters between participants of the mastication study. At different hardness levels, a clear effect of processing (P&lt;0·0001) was observed. However, the effect of mastication behaviour (P=0·1141) was not significant. Two distinctive fractions were present in all boluses. The first one was a cotyledon-rich fraction consisting of majorly small particles (40–125 µm), which could be described as individual cells based on microscopic observations. This fraction increased with a decrease in process-induced hardness. The second fraction (&gt;2000 µm) mostly contained seed coat material and did not change based on hardness levels. Thein vitrostarch digestion kinetics of common bean boluses was only affected by process-induced hardness. After kinetic modelling, significant differences were observed between the reaction rate constant of boluses generated from the hardest beans and those obtained from softer ones. Overall this work demonstrated that thein vitronutritional functionality of common beans is affected to a greater extent by structural properties induced by processing than by mechanical degradation in the mouth.
α-TYPE CHEVALLEY–EILENBERG COHOMOLOGY OF HOM-LIE ALGEBRAS AND BIALGEBRAS
Authors: HURLE BENEDIKT , MAKHLOUF ABDENACER 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to define an α-type cohomology, which we call α-type Chevalley–Eilenberg cohomology, for Hom-Lie algebras. We relate it to the known Chevalley–Eilenberg cohomology and provide explicit computations for some examples. Moreover, using this cohomology, we study formal deformations of Hom-Lie algebras, where the bracket as well as the structure map α are deformed. Furthermore, we provide a generalization of the grand crochet and study, in a particular case, the α-type cohomology for Hom-Lie bialgebras.
Cochlear patency following translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma resection: implications for hearing rehabilitation
Authors: Carswell V , Crowther J A , Locke R , Taylor W , Kontorinis G 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine when cochlear fibrosis occurs following a translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection, and to determine the safest time window for potential cochlear implantation in cases with a preserved cochlear nerve.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the post-operative magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients undergoing a translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection, assessing the fluid signal within the cochlea. Cochleae were graded based on the Isaacsonet al. system (from grade 0 – no obstruction, to grade 4 – complete obliteration).ResultsThirty-nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The cochleae showed no evidence of obliteration in: 75 per cent of patients at six months, 38.5 per cent at one year and 27 per cent beyond one year. Most changes happened between 6 and 12 months after vestibular schwannoma resection, with cases of an unobstructed cochlear decreasing dramatically, from 75 per cent to 38.5 per cent, within this time.ConclusionThe progress of cochlear obliteration that occurred between 6 and 12 months following vestibular schwannoma resection indicates that the first 6 months provides a safer time window for cochlear patency.
Long-term status of middle-ear aeration post canal wall down mastoidectomy
Authors: Ezulia T , Goh B S , Saim L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetraction pocket theory is the most acceptable theory for cholesteatoma formation. Canal wall down mastoidectomy is widely performed for cholesteatoma removal. Post-operatively, each patient with canal wall down mastoidectomy has an exteriorised mastoid cavity, exteriorised attic, neo-tympanic membrane and shallow neo-middle ear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clinically assess the status of the neo-tympanic membrane and the exteriorised attic following canal wall down mastoidectomy.MethodsAll post canal wall down mastoidectomy patients were recruited and otoendoscopy was performed to assess the neo-tympanic membrane. A clinical classification of the overall status of middle-ear aeration following canal wall down mastoidectomy was formulated.ResultsTwenty-five ears were included in the study. Ninety-two per cent of cases showed some degree of neo-tympanic membrane retraction, ranging from mild to very severe.ConclusionAfter more than six months following canal wall down mastoidectomy, the degree of retracted neo-tympanic membranes and exteriorised attics was significant. Eustachian tube dysfunction leading to negative middle-ear aeration was present even after the canal wall down procedure. However, there was no development of cholesteatoma, despite persistent retraction.
Surgical approaches for definitive treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: results of a survey in 178 patients
Authors: Yang Chuang , He Jingyu , Yang Xianwei , Wang Wentao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a potentially fatal disease caused by the larval growth of Echinococcus multilocularis. We analysed the clinical data of 178 consecutive HAE patients treated with definitive radical surgery at our institution. According to the surgical approach: group A patients underwent direct radical hepatic resection; group B patients first underwent percutaneous puncture external drainage, followed by radical hepatic resection 2 months later; group C patients underwent a two-step hepatic resection; and group D patients underwent liver transplantation. The baseline characteristics, mortality, postoperative complications and recurrence rates were evaluated. Symptoms were present in 79.8% (142/178) patients. Bi-lobar lesion was found in 34 (19.1%, 34/178) patients, 47.2% (84/178) of whom had ⩾2 lesions each. There were no intraoperative deaths. The postoperative mortality was 2.29% in group A, 8.62% in group D and 0% in groups B and C. The main cause of death was a serious postoperative complication (Clavien–Dindo grades III–V). Patients were followed-up systematically for a median of 35.8 months (8–72) without recurrence. Active HAE should be treated by radical liver resection, and the complicated alveolar echinococcosis of the liver has been managed whenever possible using principles of radical liver resection by experienced hepatic surgeons.
On Reading Scruton: Art, Truth, and Temperament
Authors: Blackburn Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArt is the one corner of human life in which we may take our ease. To justify our presence there the only thing that is demanded of us is a passion for representation. In other places our passions are conditional and embarrassed; we are allowed to have only so many as are consistent with those of our neighbours; with their convenience and well-being, with their convictions and prejudices, rules and regulations. Art means an escape from all this. Wherever her brilliant standard floats the need for apologies and exonerations is over; there it is enough simply that we please or that we are pleased. There, the tree is judged only by its fruits. If these are sweet, one is welcome to pluck them.1
A comparison of different definitions of social isolation using Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) data
Authors: Newall Nancy E. G. , Menec Verena H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are many definitions of social isolation which draw on structural indicators (e.g. living alone), functional indicators (e.g. social support) or both. This makes comparing prevalence rates across studies difficult and provides little guidance for practitioners and service providers to identify and target socially isolated clients. The purpose of the present study was to compare, within one large population-based data-set of Canadians aged 45–85, single-item and composite indicators of social isolation, by total sample and by socio-demographics (age, sex) and health. Data were from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) which assessed features of social network, social support and social participation. Two composite scales were created to compare prevalence rates based on structural only or both structural and functional indicators. Results indicated overall low prevalence rates of social isolation, regardless of the measure used. A composite scale using only structural features identified 5.8 per cent socially isolated adults aged 45–85. This compared with a structural and functional scale that identified 9.8 per cent socially isolated adults. The composite measures showed less variation across socio-demographics than single-item measures. Results shed light on different ways in which social isolation can be defined and how single-item and composite definitions impact our understanding of identifying socially isolated adults in a given population. Results add to discussion of measures that can be used by researchers, services providers and practitioners.
From theBulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rougeto theInternational Review of the Red Cross: The Great War as a revelator
Authors: Becker Annette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the Great War, theBulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rougecovered the immense work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies). This article focuses on one particular angle of that work: the tensions and even contradictions between the ICRC's duty of neutrality and impartiality, on the one hand, and the national and sometimes nationalistic commitments of National Societies, which were naturally opposed to each other in wartime, on the other. While some of theBulletin’s articles revealed real advances in thought on war and the protection of victims, others reflected the inertia caused by this fundamental contradiction.
The Coping Scales From the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for	Children and Adolescents
Authors: Eschenbeck Heike , Heim-Dreger Uwe , Kerkhoff Denise , Kohlmann Carl-Walter , Lohaus Arnold , Vierhaus Marc 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The coping scales from the Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2018 ) are subscales of a theoretically based and empirically validated self-report instrument for assessing, originally in the German language, the five strategies of seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, and anger-related emotion regulation. The present study examined factorial structure, measurement invariance, and internal consistency across five different language versions: English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. The original German version was compared to each language version separately. Participants were 5,271 children and adolescents recruited from primary and secondary schools from Germany ( n = 3,177), France ( n = 329), Russia ( n = 378), the Dominican Republic ( n = 243), Ukraine ( n = 437), and several English-speaking countries such as Australia, Great Britain, Ireland, and the USA (English-speaking sample: n = 707). For the five different language versions of the SSKJ 3–8 coping questionnaire, confirmatory factor analyses showed configural as well as metric and partial scalar invariance (French) or partial metric invariance (English, Russian, Spanish, Ukrainian). Internal consistency coefficients of the coping scales were also acceptable to good. Significance of the results was discussed with special emphasis on cross-cultural research on individual differences in coping.