bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral nutrition for left‐sided malignant colonic obstruction after decompression with a transanal drainage tube: A case series of 6 patients
Authors: Kojima Shigehiro , Sakamoto Tsuguo , Nagai Yuko , Yajima Kazuhito 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageOral nutrition with a low‐residue diet for left‐sided malignant colonic obstruction after decompression with a transanal drainage tube is safe and can be considered a viable preoperative management option for appropriate patients.
Successful fluoroless radiofrequency catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy
Authors: Kaspar Georgy , Sanam Kumar , Gundlapalli Sujana , Shah Dipak 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageEven in the absence of underlying heart disease, pregnancy is known to increase susceptibility supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). This brings a management challenge, mainly due to concerns about pharmacotherapy and radiation to the fetus. This case highlights the capability of using fluoroless mapping technologies to treat refractory arrhythmia cases safely and successful.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with pseudoprogression during nivolumab therapy and the usefulness of tumor markers: A case report
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Takumi Chieko , Tsuji Taisuke , Hamashima Ryosuke , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Yuba Tatsuya , Urata Yoji , Hiraoka Noriya 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessagePseudoprogression was reported as one of the unconventional responses during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 70‐year‐old man with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma received nivolumab therapy. Pleural effusion and pulmonary metastasis increased, however then shrank and serum cytokeratin 19 fragment levels decreased. Serum tumor marker might help to distinguish pseudoprogression.
Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorous Co‐doped Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets with High Defect Density for Enhancing Supercapacitor and Lithium‐Ion Battery Properties
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Wang Chao , Dang Baokang , Xiong Ye , Jin Chunde , Sun Qingfeng , Xu Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPorous carbon nanosheets with open 2D nanostructure have been considered a desirable and high‐efficient energy‐storage material. Herein, N, S, P co‐doped interconnected porous carbon nanosheets (CPCNs) with high defect density and open 2D ultrathin nanostructure are prepared by using a cork‐shaped soybean aerogel as carbon source. A reasonable design of the preparation technology controls the formation of the distinctive and ordered structure of intermediates during the synthetic process. The as‐prepared CPCN material is made of interconnected nanosheets with a thickness of 4.9 nm and have a maximum N‐dopant content of 5.83 at. % and a high specific surface area of 3586 m2 g−1. Due to the synergistic effects of the features, the CPCN electrode for supercapacitors has a high capacitance of 427 F g−1 with a long cycling stability of 97.42 % after 10 000 cycles. For lithium‐ion batteries, the CPCN material also exhibits an excellent capacity of 1220 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a high rate capability and cycling stability. Moreover, a scenario through using CPCN to enhance the electrochemical performance of nano‐inorganic material proves a high scalability in the application for the products.
A pH‐Triggered Synthesis of Blue‐Emitting Au Nanoclusters and Their Luminescence Enhancement in a Metallohydrogel: Selective Detection of Pb2+ through Luminescence Quenching
Authors: Kuppan Balamurugan , Maitra Uday 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and stabilization of blue‐emitting nanoclusters (Au, Cu or Ag) are very challenging. We have developed a facile, acid‐induced protocol to synthesize blue‐emitting Au NCs (B‐NCs) in aqueous medium at room temperature from green‐emitting ones (G‐NCs). The rapid quenching of the blue emission was successfully arrested, and in fact enhanced, by the incorporation of the NCs in a bile acid derived metallohydrogel, demonstrating the special effect of the gel medium. The NCs in both solution and gel were characterized in detail using microscopic and photophysical techniques, including a detailed analysis of the excited state relaxation pathway. We have demonstrated that this NC can be switched back to G‐NCs reversibly upon the reaction with a base. We have also shown that the B‐NC can be efficiently applied towards detection of Pb2+. This simple approach towards B‐NC synthesis and its stabilization can contribute to application of this material in LEDs, bioimaging, and energy transfer.
Proof of active cannabis use comparing 11‐hydroxy‐∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol with 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations
Authors: Franz Thomas , Skopp Gisela , Schwarz Gerlinde , Musshoff Frank 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTesting hair for cannabis use has increasingly been scrutinised due to exposure to second‐hand smoke or environmental contamination. Confirmation of drug use involving detection of metabolites such as 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) and 11‐hydroxy‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐OH) having very rarely been considered. We developed a new, simplified procedure with regard to expenditure of time and material to determine delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, qualitatively), as well as THC‐OH and THC‐COOH (quantitatively) from 587 hair samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) which was compared to hitherto established methods (n = 3). Compared to conventional methanolic extraction alkaline dissolution resulted in higher concentrations for THC‐OH. Concentrations determined from specimens ranged from 0.01 to 18.7 ng THC/mg hair, 0.05–37.6 pg THC‐OH/mg hair, and from 0.1 to 54.3 pg THC‐COOH/mg hair. THC was detectable in 70.4% samples along with both metabolites from more than half of these samples. In 12.9% of THC‐positive cases, neither THC‐OH nor THC‐COOH were present. In 8.9% of THC‐negative cases, it was possible to detect metabolites either alone or in combination. THC‐OH could more frequently be detected than THC‐COOH and appeared to be less susceptible to cosmetic treatment. In summary, THC‐OH turned out to be a further suitable marker to prove cannabis use. Determination of both metabolites is recommended to unequivocally differentiate consumption from external exposure or contamination.
Anorexia nervosa, neuroimaging research, and the contextual salience of food cues: The food approach–avoidance conundrum
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Strigo Irina A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by an avoidance and marked apprehension around food intake, yet paradoxically, those with AN often display approach behaviors to food, engaging in food shopping or preparation activities which are described as rewarding. This approach–avoidance conundrum is of much importance as neuroimaging studies continue to probe mechanisms relating to core AN psychopathology. This Idea Worth Researching discusses the notion that neuroimaging studies relying on food cue presentation paradigms may be methodologically flawed without specifying the contextual salience of the food cues presented in paradigms. The appraisal of food cues may diverge as a function of one's intent‐to‐eat, and thus, neuroimaging studies not specifying the contextual salience of food cues (i.e., intent‐to‐eat or not) may confound two distinctly different processes.
Integrating trait‐based empirical and modeling research to improve ecological restoration
Authors: Fiedler Sebastian , Perring Michael P. , Tietjen Britta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA global ecological restoration agenda has led to ambitious programs in environmental policy to mitigate declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Current restoration programs can incompletely return desired ecosystem service levels, while resilience of restored ecosystems to future threats is unknown. It is therefore essential to advance understanding and better utilize knowledge from ecological literature in restoration approaches. We identified an incomplete linkage between global change ecology, ecosystem function research, and restoration ecology. This gap impedes a full understanding of the interactive effects of changing environmental factors on the long‐term provision of ecosystem functions and a quantification of trade‐offs and synergies among multiple services. Approaches that account for the effects of multiple changing factors on the composition of plant traits and their direct and indirect impact on the provision of ecosystem functions and services can close this gap. However, studies on this multilayered relationship are currently missing. We therefore propose an integrated restoration agenda complementing trait‐based empirical studies with simulation modeling. We introduce an ongoing case study to demonstrate how this framework could allow systematic assessment of the impacts of interacting environmental factors on long‐term service provisioning. Our proposed agenda will benefit restoration programs by suggesting plant species compositions with specific traits that maximize the supply of multiple ecosystem services in the long term. Once the suggested compositions have been implemented in actual restoration projects, these assemblages should be monitored to assess whether they are resilient as well as to improve model parameterization. Additionally, the integration of empirical and simulation modeling research can improve global outcomes by raising the awareness of which restoration goals can be achieved, due to the quantification of trade‐offs and synergies among ecosystem services under a wide range of environmental conditions.
The effectiveness of generic self‐management interventions for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain on physical function, self‐efficacy, pain intensity and physical activity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elbers S. , Wittink H. , Pool J.J.M. , Smeets R.J.E.M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGeneric self‐management programs aim to facilitate behavioural adjustment and therefore have considerable potential for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our main objective was to collect and synthesize all data on the effectiveness of generic self‐management interventions for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in terms of physical function, self‐efficacy, pain intensity and physical activity. Our secondary objective was to describe the content of these interventions, by means of classification according to the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase and Psycinfo for eligible studies. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed by two researchers independently. Meta‐analyses were only performed if the studies were sufficiently homogeneous and GRADE was used to determine the quality of evidence. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials that compared a self‐management intervention to any type of control group. For post‐intervention results, there was moderate quality evidence of a statistically significant but clinically unimportant effect for physical function and pain intensity, both favouring the self‐management group. At follow‐up, there was moderate quality evidence of a small clinically insignificant effect for self‐efficacy, favouring the self‐management group. All other comparisons did not indicate an effect. Classification of the behaviour change techniques showed large heterogeneity across studies. These results indicate that generic self‐management interventions have a marginal benefit for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in the short‐term for physical function and pain intensity and for self‐efficacy in the long‐term, and vary considerably with respect to intervention content.SignificanceThis study contributes to a growing body of evidence that generic self‐management interventions have limited effectiveness for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, this study has identified substantial differences in both content and delivery mode across self‐management interventions.
Systematic cycle life assessment of a secondary zinc–air battery as a function of the alkaline electrolyte composition
Authors: Mainar Aroa R. , Iruin Elena , Colmenares Luis C. , Blázquez J. Alberto , Grande Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDevelopment of secondary zinc–air batteries goes through a proper specification of the electrolyte formulation adapted to extend the cycle life of the battery. However, defining an optimal formulation is not a trivial work due to the specific requirements for each electrode. At half‐cell level, it has been determined that ZnO‐saturated 4 mol L−1 KOH with 2 mol L−1 KF and 2 mol L−1 K2CO3 (4s‐2) is the most suitable formulation to increase the cycle life of secondary zinc electrode, whereas additive‐free 8 mol L−1 KOH (8‐0) formulation is more beneficial for the bifunctional air electrode (BAE). Through this systematic cycle life assessment, it has been found that the most suitable electrolyte formulation for the full cell system is a compendium for both electrodes requirements. It has determined an optimal electrolyte formulation for the full system consisting of ZnO‐saturated 7 mol L−1 KOH with 1.4 mol L−1 KF and 1.4 mol L−1 K2CO3 (7s‐1.4). This electrolyte composition increases at least 2.5 times the reversibility of the secondary zinc–air battery in comparison with that employing the traditional formulation for primary zinc–air batteries (additive‐free 8 mol L−1 KOH). In addition, the development of a proper cell design or separator is also necessary to further enhance the secondary zinc–air cycle life.
Intelligent spectral efficiency and energy efficiency enhancement in LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks
Authors: Mudassir Ahmad , Akhtar Saleem , Kamel Hesham , Javed Abbas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses enhancing green network evolution by femto cell densification in LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks (LTE HetNets). Previously, spectral efficiency has been the key performance indicator, but because of increased atmospheric radiations nowadays, energy efficiency maximization has also become the major concern for network providers. A major cause of degradation in spectral efficiency and energy efficiency is intercell interference in co‐channel deployment. The key to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency in LTE‐HetNet is intercell interference mitigation. In this paper, we have analyzed LTE‐HetNet from indoor and outdoor perspectives. We have proposed an intelligent fuzzy‐based reduced power time‐domain resource partitioning scheme to mitigate the interference level of victim macro users. The proposed intelligent technique is also helpful to maintain the fairness among femto cell users, which has not been considered in many previous studies. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method improved the overall spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the system.
Nonfood GM Crops in Tropical Regions: A Reasonable Way to Promote the Technology for Increased Agricultural Sustainability
Authors: Cardoso Jean Carlos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModifying a plant genetically is the most remarkable technology developed for agriculture production; however, the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops has raised concerns regarding their impact on the human health and environment. Nevertheless, the nonfood GM crops, such as for biofuel and wood production, can be a solution to increase the yield and avoid deforestation promoted by the expansion of cultivable land. Thus, the biosafety regulatory framework of different countries can be revised and studied on a case‐by‐case basis, considering the rapid release of nonfood GM uses for the development of a more sustainable agriculture, particularly in tropical regions.
Is team‐based perception of safety in the operating room associated with self‐reported wrong‐site surgery? An exploratory cross‐sectional survey among physicians
Authors: Cullati Stéphane , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Francis Patricia , Degiorgi Adriana , Bezzola Paula , Licker Marc‐Joseph , Chopard Pierre 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsParticipation in wrong‐site surgery may negatively influence the perception of safety by the health care professionals in the operating room (OR). The objective was to explore if perception of safety in the OR was seen as a team‐based or individualist concern and whether having participated in wrong‐site surgery was associated with perception of safety.Method and ResultsCross‐sectional survey at 2 annual meetings of surgery, in Switzerland, 2010. We used multivariate generalized models to assess the association of perception of safety in the OR (1 item) with self‐reported participation in wrong‐site surgery—overall, past (more than 3 y ago), or recent (last 3 y) participations—controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and opinion of the surgical safety checklist. One hundred ninety respondents answered the questionnaire (participation rate of 22.6%). Respondents mostly had a team‐based, rather than an individualistic, perception of safety in the OR. In multivariate analyses, the influence of ever participation in wrong‐site surgery was not significant. However, past participation in wrong‐site surgery (more than 3 y ago) was associated with perception of safety as team based, whereas recent participation (last 3 y) was associated—despite not significant at α ≤ 5%—with perception of safety as individualistic.ConclusionIn this sample, safety in the OR is most often seen as team based rather than individualistic. Perceiving safety in the OR as team based varies according to recent or past participation in wrong‐site surgery. Longitudinal research is needed to assess causality between participation in wrong‐site surgery and change in perception of safety.
Incidence of Mutations in the ALPL, GGPS1, and CYP1A1 Genes in Patients With Atypical Femoral Fractures
Authors: Peris Pilar , González‐Roca Eva , Rodríguez‐García Sebastian C , del Mar López‐Cobo María , Monegal Ana , Guañabens Núria 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAtypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are uncommon and often related to prolonged bisphosphonate (BP) treatment. Isolated cases have been linked to mutations of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). Moreover, mutations in the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) gene, which can be inhibited by BPs, and in the enzyme of the cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYP1A1), related to the metabolism of several drugs, have also been associated with AFF development. Our aim was to analyze the incidence of ALPL, GGPS1, and CYP1A1 gene mutations in patients with AFFs and their clinical characteristics. Seventeen women with AAFs were included. All patients underwent Sanger sequencing of the ALPL, GGPS1, and CYP1A1 genes, analyzing the presence of mutations and polymorphisms in these genes. The clinical characteristics of the patients, previous treatments, ALP substrates (vitamin B6 and phosphoethanolamine), bone turnover markers, and bone mass were also analyzed. Three of 17 patients (17.6%) presented heterozygous mutations in the ALPL (p.Gly288Ala) or CYP1A1 (p.Arg136His, p.Val409Ile) genes. Only the patient with the ALPL mutation presented increased ALP substrates. Patients with CYP1A1 variants had glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis. All patients were previously treated with BPs during 85.5 ± 38 months, and nearly 50% were also treated with glucocorticoids. The AFF was bilateral in 35% of cases. In conclusion, ALPL and CYP1A1 mutations may be related to the development of AFF in patients treated with BPs. The evaluation of ALP substrates in patients with low ALPL levels allows the identification of patients with hypophosphatasia. The role of CYP1A1 mutations in AFF needs further study. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to Midlife and Vertebral Dimensions in Midlife: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Oura Petteri , Junno Juho‐Antti , Auvinen Juha , Niinimäki Jaakko , Karppinen Jaro , Ojaniemi Marja , Paananen Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVertebral fracture risk is higher among individuals with small vertebral dimensions. Obesity is a global health problem and may also contribute to bone size and fracture risk. In this work we report the association between life course body mass index (BMI) and vertebral cross‐sectional area (CSA) in midlife. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study with its 46‐year follow‐up provided the material for this study. A subsample of 780 individuals had attended lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the age of 46 years, and had records of objectively measured BMI from the ages of 0, 7, 15, 31, and 46 years. Of these, MRI‐derived data on vertebral size was available for 682 individuals. We identified latent lifelong BMI trajectories by performing latent class growth modeling (LCGM) on the BMI data, and then used sex‐stratified linear regression models to compare the identified trajectory groups in terms of midlife vertebral CSA. Gestational age, education years, adult height, lifelong physical activity, lifelong smoking history, and adulthood diet were assessed as potential confounders. Three distinct trajectory groups (“stable slim,” “stable average,” and “early onset overweight”) were identified among both sexes. Comparisons to the stable slim trajectory revealed that vertebral CSA was significantly (p < 0.001) larger among the stable average and early onset overweight trajectories (69.8 and 118.6 mm2 larger among men, 57.7 and 106.1 mm2 larger among women, respectively). We conclude that lifelong BMI has a positive association with midlife vertebral size among both sexes. Future studies should characterize the mediating factors of this association. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Regioselective Reactions, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Spiro‐pyrrolidine Thiophene
Authors: Rizk Sameh A. , Abdelwahab Salwa S. , Sallam Hanan A. 
Published: May 2018

Spiro‐oxo‐indole/pyrrolidine‐thiophene base possessed significant pharmacological activity. The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of thia‐methine ylide respected through multi‐component reaction affording regioselective and stereoselective spiroindoline‐3,2′‐tetrahydrothiophene derivative 3. Reaction of such compound with different electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents afforded bioactive heterocyclic compounds 4–16. Biological evaluation showed that these synthesized spiro‐pyrrolidine exhibited moderate to good cytotoxic activity. Among them, compounds 7 and 14 displayed the best cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 and Wl‐38 cells with the IC50 values of 7.02 ± 0.6 and 8.97 ± 0.9 μm (very strong), respectively. Compounds 4, 5, and 12 exhibited strong cytotoxicity's with IC50 16.28 ± 1.7, 11.16 ± 1.1, and 19.14 ± 1.7 μm, respectively, against MCF‐7 mammary gland cell line. All compound structures were supported by spectroscopic data and elemental analysis.