bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengawasan Warga Negara Asing Penerima Bebas Visa Kunjungan dalam Perspektif Hukum Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Prayulianda Helga Anton , Antikowati Antikowati 
Published: May 2019

The President issued a Presidential Regulation concerning visa-free visits to 179 countries aimed at advancing the economy. Referring to Presidential Regulation 21 of 2016 concerning Free Visit visa, in which Article 3 paragraph (1) that the recipient is free of a Visit visa is exempt from the obligation to have a Visit visa to enter Indonesian territory. As well as Article 4 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) states that foreign tourists will be given permission to stay for a visit for 30 days but cannot extend the period of the visa exemption or convert it into another residence permit. Although the regulation will attract many foreign tourists to visit Indonesia, over time many of them have misused the right. This article found that the increasingly high demand and supply of labor made use of the visa-free policy gap that visited, leading to the emergence of increasingly massive illegal foreign workers. This is clearly a bad impact on Indonesia. So this article seeks to formulate how to improve the oversight mechanism for misuse of visa-free visits that could potentially harm the state.
Keywords: Supervision, Foreign Nationals, Visa-free Visit
Kepastian Hukum dalam Pasal 112 dan Pasal 127 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika
Authors: Resnawardhani Fitri 
Published: May 2019

Narcotics are commonly used for the world of health. Along with the times, the use and development of narcotics are increasing, no longer for health services. In Law Number 35 of 2009, concerning narcotics, there are many articles that discuss multi-interpretations. Among them include Article 112 and Article 127. This article tries to understand whether Article 112 and Article 127 have provided legal certainty against the Protecting and Fighting of Narcotics Borders, as well as discusses the policy formulation of ius constituendum on the protection and overcoming of narcotic acts. The type of research used is normative juridical, namely legal research, that establishes laws as a building system of norms. Article 112 and Article 127 of the Narcotics Law have not provided legal certainty, because the article editorial still contains multiple interpretations and meanings. Article 112 stipulates not to sell and circulate the editorial. This article ends with a suggestion to add to the article provided in Article 112.
Keywords: Narcotics, Narcotics Abusers, Actors of Narcotics Crime
Formulasi Korporasi sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana dalam Regulasi Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia
Authors: Mujiono Mujiono , Tanuwijaya Fanny 
Published: May 2019

The existence of human life is extremely dependent on the environment, and the environment has provided free various needs for humans, which is an absolute requirement so that humans can maintain their lives. Environmental problems are essentially human ecological problems and environmental problems arise as a result of environmental pollution. This is an element of many negligence errors committed by companies or legal entities that operate, including the element of deliberate and negligent use of environmental law through Law No. 32 of 2009, concerning Environmental Protection stated in Article 116 UUPPLH. Corporate liability in environmental crime is the subject of discussion in cases with the decision register number No.1405K / Pid.Sus / 2013, namely PT. KARAWANG PRIMA SEJAHTERA (PT. KPSS), which is engaged in the metal, steel, and export-import aluminum and trade industry. In its location, PT KPSS produces Aero Slag waste from iron and steel smelting, bottom ash waste and fly ash obtained from the burning of coal in power plans. The criminal responsibility of environmental crimes is also carried out by PT KALISTA ALAM, which operates in the fields of plantation, industry, supplier, and shipping in the oil palm business. In its violation, PT KALISTA ALAM has opened land by burning it, which is carried out continuously to expand oil palm cultivation/ In the verdict, No. 131 / Pid.B / 2013 / PN.MBO, the company was charged for committing environmental crimes.
Keyword: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Crime, Criminal Accountability
Turner-szindrómások morfológiai jellegei, kariotípusa és kezelésük típusa közötti kapcsolat elemzése
Authors: ANNÁR Dorina , FEHÉR Piroska V. , ZSÁKAI Annamária , MUZSNAI Ágota , BODZSÁR Éva B. 
Published: May 2019

Turner-syndrome is a genetic disorder that involves X-chromosome, and affects about 2500–3000 newborn girls around the world. The disease is accompanied by numerous clinical and morphological characteristics, therefore it is very important to study Turner-syndrome patients’ developmental pattern. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the morphological characteristics, the karyotype and the type of treatment of patients with Turner's syndrome.
Twenty girls and women with Turner-syndrome were studied. The presence or the absence of the morphological characteristics (cubitus valgus, webbed neck, low hairline, four finger crease, short metacarpals and -tarsals, vision problems, low-set ears, spinal malformations, dental malformations) was recorded. The strength of the relationship between the frequency of the examined morphological features and the type of karyotype or treatment was analysed by Fisher’s exact test.
Cubitus valgus, low-set ears, and dental malformations were the most common morphological abnormalities. Webbed neck, four finger crease and short metacarpals and -tarsals showed significant correlation with the karyotype. We didn’t find any correlation of morphological characteristics with the hormone treatment.
Tuberkulózissal összefüggésbe hozható endocranialis csontelváltozások vizsgálata a Robert J. Terry Anatomical Skeletal Collection-ben (Washington, DC, USA)
Authors: SPEKKER Olga 
Published: May 2019

Despite significant advances in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), it still presents a global health emergency. Therefore, a renewed interest and funding to the research of the disease and of its aetiological agents, including the palaeopathological diagnostics for TB, has sparked since the late 20th century to eliminate or at least control TB in the future. Traditionally, the palaeopathological diagnosis of TB relies on the identification of pathological lesions in the skeleton. Although a number of endocranial bony alterations, namely abnormally pronounced digital impressions (APDIs), periosteal appositions (PAs), abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVIs), and granular impressions (GIs) have been attributed to TB in the palaeopathological literature, the diagnostic value of these lesions has more recently been questioned, as their precise aetiology is still a matter of controversy, and similar or even the same morphological features can be found in non-TB-related cases. In the last three decades, the Terry Collection has been used to define and refine palaeopathological diagnostic criteria for TB, however, the possible TB-associated endocranial alteration types were beyond the scope of the aforementioned research projects.
To expand our knowledge and understanding about the development of the four probable TB-related endocranial alteration types and to improve their palaeopathological interpretation, as well as to contribute to strengthening their diagnostic value in the identification of TB in human osteoarchaeological material, a detailed investigation was performed on all individuals recorded to have died of TB in the Terry Collection (TB group), and on a control group consisting of randomly selected specimens from the remaining skeletons of the Terry Collection, identified to have died of causes other than TB (NTB group). The evaluation of the selected skeletons focused on the macromorphological characteristics and on the frequencies of the possible TB-associated endocranial alteration types, as well as of their co-occurrence with each other and with non-endocranial bony changes probably related to TB.
All the examined endocranial alteration types, as well as their association with each other and with non-endocranial lesions occurred significantly more frequently in the TB group compared to the NTB group; therefore, all of them can be used as diagnostic criteria for TB in the palaeopathological practice, especially when they simultaneously occur with each other and/or with probable TB-related non-endocranial bony changes. Our findings fit in with those of previous studies concerning the specificity of the examined lesions: APDIs, PAs, and ABVIs cannot be considered as pathognomonic features of TB and have a weaker diagnostic value compared to GIs, which are TB-specific alterations. In summary, our results contribute to facilitating the establishment of a more reliable and accurate palaeopathological diagnosis of TB.
An Assessment of Commercial Advertisement’s Effects on Consumer Buying Behaviour
Authors: Sultan Khurram , Abdulrahman Gashaw , Salam Zhino , Mawlod Awin , Dilshad Rayan 
Published: May 2019

Consumer buying behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase. This study aims to investigate the influence of commercial advertisement on consumer buying behaviour regarding internet companies in Erbil. The objectives of the study are multi fold, first To adumbrate the profile of the consumers in Erbil for future advertisement campaign, second to critically examine the perception of the consumer about advertisements, third to analyses and explain the new medium of advertisement and its impact, fourth to assess the role of advertisement in case of internet companies to promote their brands. Three internet companies are selected as sample size including Fast link, Newroz and Tishkent data collected via questionnaire by using 5 likers scale. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among 80 users of three internet service provider in Erbil, whereas 60 employees answered rightly. Most of the employees showed positive answers that they have influence of advertisement on their buying behavior toward internet services. This thing leads toward rejection of our Ho and acceptance of H1. Those who left behind with less positive answers main reason were found during survey that was they are with less education and most of them they are not aware with usage of smartphone. Related to future research other authors can consider other variables that are not coved under this study.
Elevated plasma D-dimer level is associated with short-term poor outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Yao Tao , Tian Bo-Lin , Li Gang , CUI QIN , Wang Cui-fang , Zhang Qi , Peng Bo , Gao Yan , Zhan Yan-Qiang , Hu Dan , Xu Lu , Wang Gao-Hua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Elevated level of plasma D-dimer increases the risk of ischemic stroke, stroke severity and progression of stroke status, but the association between plasma D-dimer level and functional outcome is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Plasma D-dimer level is a determinant of short-term poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods: This prospective study included 877 Chinese patients with AIS admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University within 72 hours of symptom onset. Patients were categorized per plasma D-dimer level: Quartile 1(0.24 mg /L), Quartile 2 (0.25–0.56 mg /L), Quartile 3 (0.57–1.78 mg /L), and Quartile 4 (1.78mg /L). Each patient’s medical record was reviewed, and demographic, clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging information was abstracted. Functional outcome at 90 days was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Results: Of 877 patients were included (mean age, 64 years; male, 68.5%), poor outcome was present in 302 (34.4%) patients. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, higher plasma D-dimer level on admission was associated with poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.257, 95% CI1.349-3.777 for Q4:Q1; P trend = 0.004). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the best discriminating factor was a plasma D-dimer level 0.315 mg/L for pour outcome [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.657; sensitivity 83.8%; specificity 41.4%].
Conclusion: Elevated plasma D-dimer level on admission was significantly associated with increased poor outcome after admission for AIS, suggesting the potential role of plasma D-dimer as a predictive marker for short-term poor outcome in patients with AIS.
Clinical characteristics of the lamellar macular hole according to two subtypes: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kim Se Young , Yoon Myung Hun , Chin Hee Seung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The present study compared anatomical parameters and clinical characteristics of two subtypes of lamellar macular hole (LMH): tractional and degenerative.
Methods: This retrospective chart-review study included patients who were monitored for more than 6 months after the initial diagnosis of LMH, from January 2011 to January 2018. Changes in the following morphological characteristics across the study period and between the two subtypes were assessed: the mean central foveal thickness, maximum outer retina diameter (MOD), and maximum inner retina diameter (MID). Differences in the following clinical parameters between the two conditions was also assessed: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical progression rate, rate of surgery, and mean period before surgery.
Results: This study included 51 eyes of 49 patients with a mean follow-up period of 18.94 months in the study: 33 tractional eyes and 18 degenerative eyes. The difference in the mean central foveal thickness between the two groups at baseline and the end of follow-up tended toward significance. MID was not significantly different between the two subtypes at either time point. MOD was significantly different between two subtypes at baseline and the end-of-follow up (tractional, 1131.62 μm, 1358.18 μm; degenerative, 708.88 μm, 697.83 μm; p < 0.01 for both). The changes in the retinal diameters across the observation period were significantly increased in degenerative eyes, and tractional eyes featured a significant increase in MOD across the study period.
BCVA was not significantly different between the two subtypes at baseline and the last follow up. Anatomical progression rate of tractional eyes ( 81.8%) was significantly higher than that of degenerative eyes (27.7%) (p = 0.01). The presence of ERM was significantly different between two subtypes (tractional, 96.9%; degenerative, 22.2%; p < 0.001). Ellipsoid defect, rate of receiving surgery, and mean observation period before surgery were not significant different between the two subtypes.
Conclusion: Analyzing two LMH subtypes according to their clinical and morphologic features, the present study identified characteristics unique to each. Treatment of LMH patients will require different approaches based on the subtype exhibited by the patient.
Rearing pattern alters porcine myofiber type, fat deposition, associated microbial communities and functional capacity
Authors: Qi Keke , Men Xiaoming , Wu Jie , Xu Zi wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The Chinese believe that the meat of pigs reared in the past with free range tastes better than that of the pigs reared indoor on a large scale today. Gastrointestinal microflora is closely associated with the main factor of meat flavour, including fibre characteristics and lipid metabolism. Our method in this study involved different raising patterns within the semi free-grazing farm (FF) or indoor feeding farm (DF), the measurement of fat deposition and myofibre type by paraffin section and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the identification of microbiome and functional capacities associated with meat quality through metagenomic sequencing.
Results: Results showed that the fat area in muscle and adipose tissue and the myofibre density significantly increased in the pigs of the FF group. The relative abundance of bacteria associated with lipid metabolism, such as g_Oscillibacter, in the feces of the FF group was higher than that in DF group, and the relative abundance of some bacteria with probiotic function, including g_Lactobacillus and g_Clostridium, was lower than that in DF group. A significant positive correlation was found in the intramuscular fat area of g__Clostridium, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed with abdominal fat area, myofibre density and ATGL mRNA expression of health-related bacteria, such as g__Butyricicoccus, g__Eubacterium, g__Phascolarctobacterium and g__Oribacterium. KEGG analysis showed that pigs raised in free free-grazing farm can activate the pathway of inosine monophosphate (IMP) biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
Conclusions: Free range feeding improves meat quality by changing the fibre type, myofibre density and metabolic pathways related to flavour amino acids, IMP or glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in muscle. However, prolonged feeding cycle increases fat deposition and associated microbial communities.
Keywords: Rearing pattern, Myofiber type, Fat deposition, Gut micobiota
Interobserver reproducibility and interocular symmetry of the macular ganglion cell complex: assessment in healthy children using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Muñoz-Gallego Alicia , Cruz Javier De la , Rodríguez-Salgado Martín , Torres-Peña José L , Sambricio Javier , Ortueta-Olartecoechea Ana , Tejada-Palacios Pilar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

The aims of this study were to assess interobserver reproducibility and interocular symmetry using optical coherence tomography (OCT)–based measurements of the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in healthy children, and to evaluate candidate determinants of symmetry.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. A total of 126 healthy participants aged 5 to 18 years recruited in primary and tertiary health-care settings were eligible. GCC scans were performed by 4 operators using the Topcon 3D OCT-2000 device. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to estimate reproducibility and symmetry. Cut-off points for symmetry were defined as the 95th percentile of the absolute interocular difference for 6 GCC parameters. Percentile distributions of interocular difference were generated based on age and difference in absolute interocular spherical equivalent (SE).

Results

The reproducibility ICCs ranged from 0.96 to 0.98 for all 6 GCC parameters. Cut-off points for interocular symmetry of the superior and inferior quadrants and total macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFL) and macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness were 3.5, 4.5, 3.0, 3.0, 2.5, and 2.5 µm respectively. A positive association was observed between the absolute interocular difference of SE and superior and total mRNFL symmetry values (p=0.047 and p=0.040, respectively).

Conclusions

OCT measurements of GCC in healthy children show excellent reproducibility. Interocular differences in SE should be assessed when mRNFL interocular differences exceed the 95% cut-off.
Comparative genomic analysis of the Hafnia genus reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship between the species alvei and paralvei and provides insights into pathogenicity
Authors: Bin Liu , Yin Zhiqiu , Yuan Chao , Du Yuhui , Yang Pan , Qian Chengqian , Wei Yi , Zhang Si , Huang Di 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

The Hafnia genus is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Although Hafnia is fairly often isolated from clinical material, its taxonomy has remained an unsolved riddle, and the involvement and importance of Hafnia in human disease is also uncertain. Here, we used comparative genomic analysis to define the taxonomy of Hafnia, identify species-specific genes that may be the result of ecological and pathogenic specialization, and reveal virulence-related genetic profiles that may contribute to pathogenesis.

Results

One complete genome sequence and 19 draft genome sequences for Hafnia strains were generated and combined with 27 publicly available genomes. We provided high-resolution typing methods by constructing phylogeny and population structure based on single-copy core genes in combination with whole genome average nucleotide identity to identify two distant Hafnia species (alvei and paralvei) and one mislabeled strain. The open pan-genome and the presence of numerous mobile genetic elements reveal that Hafnia has undergone massive gene rearrangements. Presence of species-specific core genomes associated with metabolism and transport suggests the putative niche differentiation between alvei and paralvei. We also identified possession of diverse virulence-related profiles in both Hafnia species., including the macromolecular secretion system, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance. In the macromolecular system, T1SS, Flagellum 1, Tad pilus and T6SS-1 were conserved in Hafnia, whereas T4SS, T5SS, and other T6SSs exhibited the evolution of diversity. The virulence factors in Hafnia are related to adherence, toxin, iron uptake, stress adaptation, and efflux pump. The identified resistance genes are associated with beta-lactamases and tetracycline. These virulence-related profiles identified at the genomic level provide insights into Hafnia pathogenesis and the differentiation between alvei and paralvei.

Conclusions

Our research using core genome phylogeny and comparative genomics analysis of a larger collection of strains provides a comprehensive view of the taxonomy and species-specific traits between Hafnia species. Deciphering the genome of Hafnia strains possessing a reservoir of macromolecular secretion systems, virulence factors, and resistance genes related to pathogenicity may provide insights into addressing its numerous infections and devising strategies to combat the pathogen.