bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silica and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle Formulation to Improve Thermal Stability and Inhibition Capabilities of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Applied to Woodford Shale
Authors: Aramendiz Jose , Imqam Abdulmohsin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Drilling fluid design for shale plays aims to prevent wellbore instability problems associated with fluid invasion, shale swelling, and cuttings dispersion. Although oil-based mud (OBM) can be used to achieve these goals, environmental and economic concerns limit its application. This research evaluates the potential of using silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as drilling fluid additives in a single formulation to improve shale inhibition and long-term stability of water-based mud (WBM) against temperature effects. The design of the nanoparticle water-based mud (NP-WBM) followed a customized approach that selects the additives according to the characteristics of the reservoir. Characterization of Woodford shale was completed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aqueous stability test and zeta-potential measurements were used to assess the stability of the NPs. NP-WBM characterization included the analysis of the rheological properties measured with a rotational viscometer and the evaluation of the filtration trends at low-temperature/low-pressure (LTLP) and high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Additionally, dynamic aging was performed at temperatures up to 250°F for thermal stability evaluation. Finally, chemical-interaction tests such as cutting dispersion and bulk swelling helped to analyze the effect of introducing NPs on the inhibition capabilities of the WBM. Conventional KCl/PHPA fluid was used for comparison purposes. The results of this investigation revealed that SiO2-NPs and GNPs acted synergistically with other additives to improve the filtration characteristics of the WBM with only minor effects on the rheological properties. NPs exhibited a high colloidal stability with ζ-potential values below-30 mV, which warrants their dispersion within the WBM at an optimal concentration of 0.75 wt.%. The high thermal conductivity of NPs played a key role in promoting an almost flat trend in the cumulative filtrate for the NP-WBM at aged conditions, whereas KCl/PHPA suffered a drastic increase. Also, NP-WBM preserved 43.97% of its initial cutting carrying capacity, while KCl/PHPA experienced a severe reduction of 95.24% at extreme conditions (250°F). Despite the high illite content of the Woodford shale, the NP-WBM exhibited superior inhibition properties that reduced cutting erosion and swelling effect by 24.48% and 35.24%, respectively, compared to the KCl/PHPA fluid. Overall, this investigation supports the potential use of nanomaterials to enhance the inhibition capabilities and the long-term stability of WBM for unconventional shales, presenting an eco-friendly alternative for harsher environments.
Development and Screening of Additives for Biodiesel Based Drilling Fluids: Principles, Strategies and Experience
Authors: Li Wai , Liu Jishan , Zhao Xionghu , Jiang Jiwei , Peng Hui , Zhang Min , He Tao , Liu Guannan , Shen Peiyuan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Biodiesel-based drilling fluid (BBDF) draws considerable attention because biodiesel has excellent environmental acceptability and great potential to provide high drilling performance. There are some investigations reported about BBDF both in laboratory and in the field recently, demonstrating its feasibility. In contrast to traditional petrodiesel and mineral oil, biodiesel has some chemical activity which affects the reliability of BBDF in drilling environment. This paper details the principles and strategies for developing and selecting additives of BBDF. A variety of experimental results obtained by laboratory tests were presented to elucidate the importance of suitable additives for an eligible BBDF. Electrical stability test and centrifuge test were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of emulsifier. A six-speed viscometer and a high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) rheometer were used to measure the parameters of BBDF to evaluate organophilic clays and rheological modifiers. Density test was performed to investigate the suspendability of the fluids. Hot rolling treatment was carried out to study the thermal tolerance of the fluids. The laboratory results and the literature showed that both lime content and calcium chloride concentration have significant effects on the stability and rheological parameters of BBDF. Even moderate amount of lime in BBDF will significantly decrease the stability of BBDF. The effect of calcium chloride concentration on BBDF varies according to the type of emulsifier. A compound emulsifier based on fatty alkanolamides and alkyl sulfonates exhibits reliable ability to prepare stable, thermal-tolerate invert biodiesel emulsion. It offers biodiesel emulsion reduced viscosity compared to those given by traditional Span/Tween emulsifier combinations. For another, commercial organophilic clays cannot give satisfactory rheological parameters because the viscosity-temperature profile of BBDF is often steeper than those of traditional oil based drilling fluids (OBDFs). Therefore, rheological modifier should be used to compensate the viscosity loss of BBDF under high-temperature conditions. A condensate of alkoxylated fatty amine and polycarboxylic acid showed good performance to provide a relatively flat rheological profile. Some empirical laws, principles and strategies are summarized for BBDF additive selection. One is that the combinations of non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers have better effectiveness for biodiesel. The other conclusion is that lime content must be strictly controlled. With the boom of the biodiesel industry, it is predicted BBDF will take a place in the family of drilling fluid. However, most previous works show that BBDF may be not satisfactory when the temperature is over 120 Celsius degrees. This work presents valuable experience for further improvement of this promising drilling fluid.
Three-Phase Carbonate Acidizing: Quantification and Analysis of Evolved CO2 in the Presence of Oil and Water
Authors: Kumar Harish T. , Muhemmed Sajjaat , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recent times have seen an advancement in the area of carbonate acidizing, moving forward from single-phase to two-phase analyses, in an effort to account for the presence of the oil-phase during stimulation treatments. Yet, a lack of a complete capability to understand this complex subsurface process still exists. Characterizing the effect of CO2 (carbon dioxide), a byproduct of the chemical reaction between carbonates & HCl (hydrochloric acid) has been ignored till date, under the pretext of using high pore pressures to keep CO2 dissolved in surrounding solution. The presence of CO2 in porous media changes the dynamics of fluid flow.
A three-phase two-scale simulation model is described toward the purpose of accurately modeling the physics of carbonate acidizing. A validation of the model, is conducted using published literature experiments and conducted laboratory corefloods in the area of carbonate acidizing. The acid efficiency curve for a single phase scenario from literature is matched, with the effects of the evolved CO2 being modeled. Two Indiana limestone core, 6 in. by length and 1.5 in. by diameter, are used for the purpose of a tracer injection study using 5 wt% KCl (potassium chloride) solution, and acid injection study using 15 wt% HCl solution. The experiments were conducted at 71.6°F, and 1,180 psi pore pressures. The Indiana limestone cores are characterized via CT (computed tomography) scans, and a detailed, accurate porosity profile of the core is used as input to the simulation model. The tracer fluid was used to characterize the porous environment and effective dispersion coefficients, and for subsequent calibration of the simulation model. From the conducted single phase acidizing coreflood, the experimental parameters such as pressure drop curves are closely monitored to assess acid breakthrough, and the effluents from the acid coreflood are analyzed for determining the concentrations of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) and HCl with time. CT scans of the core post acidizing describes the wormhole pattern. These parameters are accurately matched using the simulation model, and subsequent sensitivity studies with the presence of oil are performed thereof.
The modeling of CO2 as a separate phase for mimicking the acid coreflood played a major role in acquiring a better match with all experimental parameters, with limited dependency on empirical pore-scale parameters. It is shown that the rock-wettability for an oil-water system has a large degree of influence on the acid PVbt (pore volumes of acid required to breakthrough), with oil-wet systems requiring higher volumes. An approximate of 30% recovery of the residual oil in place is predicted, purely based on capability of the evolved CO2 to swell the surrounding oil.
An Innovative Rheology Modifier Which Provides Dual Function : Achieves Non-Damaging Clay Free System for Reservoir Drilling and Flat Rheology for Deep Water Drilling
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Indulkar Sakshi , Asrani Megha , Patel Arvind , Ramane Sanket , Sarase Amruta , Thakur Swapnil , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Exploration and Production operators prefer non-damaging non-aqueous fluid (NAF) for drill-in reservoirs. One of the requirements of non-damaging system is clay free system and it should perform as good as any conventional NAF. For deep water drilling, it is necessary to have flat rheology of NAF over a wide range of temperatures. An innovative rheology modifier which provides clay free system and also offers flat rheology profile has been developed and successfully used in field.
The rheology modifier can minimize or totally eliminate the need of organophilic clay to improve the quality of non-damaging reservoir drilling fluid. The paper will discuss the chemistry of newly developed polyamide resin-based rheology modifier and compare it with other poly-amide resin chemistry currently used in industry. Also, the critical parameters which are required to synthesize cross-linked polyamide resin that provide thixotropic properties to NAF will also be discussed
The newly developed clay free system utilizes a single rheology modifier component to provide dual functions of providing true clay free system and offers flat rheological profile over wide range of temperatures. The dual function is achieved without sacrificing the vital mud parameters, such as emulsion stability, fluid loss control and rheology. In fact, these mud parameters are enhanced due to surfactant characteristic incorporated in newly developed poly-amide resin-based rheology modifier. The clay free system can be formulated for deep-water applications with mud weights up to 18.0 lb/gal and temperatures up to 350°F.
Recent successful field trials as a clay free system for drilling reservoir indicated that the new system is easy to maintain and provides good fluid performance in terms of drilling rate, ECD management, and hole cleaning. This product provides an excellent rheological profile at a low dosage of 1 ppb. Even at this low dosage, LSRV was above 10 in 8 ½" Hole with yield point of greater than 15 lbs/100 ft2. When the system was contaminated with a severe saltwater flow, there were no fluid-related problems before the synthetic oil/water ratio was restored.
Tailoring Alkoxylation of Flowback Aid Surfactants for Maximum Efficiency
Authors: Carreira de Rezende Fabiola , Balloni Rabelo Rodrigo , Kinouti Lilian , Gerard Ewbank Conrado , Cueva Candido Poltronieri Olivia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this study, a novel surfactant for flowback aid application was developed based on an optimization of well-known non-ionic surfactants. The objective was to meet intrinsic surfactant properties, such as high cloud point (CP), low surface tension (ST), adequate contact angle (CA) and low critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition to the essential physical-chemical properties, improvement in fluid recovery and emulsion compatibility were also targeted. The surfactants were optimized by tailoring the hydrophilic head through controlled introduction of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide into different hydrophobic chains.
Surface tension measurements were made with a Dataphysics Instruments model OCA-15. Contact angles were measured using the sessile-drop method. The CMC concentration and cloud point were also conducted for physical chemical characterization. For the fluid recovery evaluation, flowback solutions were poured through 150g of 60/150 mesh- dry porous media contained in a 7 cm-inner-diameter, 9.5- cm-long column. Emulsion compatibility tests were also carried out using different proportions of crude oil and brine.
This paper evaluates various flowback additives in hydraulic fracturing applications between linear and branched alkoxylated surfactants. High cloud point enables a wide range of temperature applications and an increase in EO content showed an increase in cloud point values, contrary to PO effect. Nevertheless, CMC measurements showed that for an optimum scenario, EO addition should not be high, because undesired increases in CMC values may occur, which will affect the final surfactant dosage needed. All flowback aids demonstrated low surface tension as expected (approximately below 32 mN/m), but each being different in terms of surface wettability (contact angle), which could not be correlated with surfactant structure. Fluid recovery and kinetics of emulsion breakage increased significantly with different alkoxylation adjustments. For the new flowback aid developed, the fluid recovery was improved when compared against standard surfactants. Additionally, significant improvement was also found during emulsion breakage evaluation in terms of superior kinetics, final breakage, and water quality. This work provided a better understanding of how EO/PO affects intrinsic surfactant properties and enabled to find a surfactant that offers several benefits in terms of fluid recovery and non-emulsification of crude oil and water.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Using a Potential Nanofluid Based on the Halloysite Nanotube/Silica Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Tianhong , Chen Ying , Pu Wanfen , Wei Bing , He Yi , Zhang Yiwen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nanofluid flooding injection technique whereby nanomaterial or nanocomposite fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) have garnered attention. Although a variety of nanomaterials have been used as EOR agents, there are still some defects such as toxicity, high cost and low-efficiency displacement, which restricted the further application of these nanoparticles. Considering these problems mentioned above, it is necessary to search for another nanomaterial which is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and results in high efficiency displacement.
In this work, a natural aluminosilicate nanomaterial halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was focused. As a new kind of nanomaterial, the effectiveness of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in enhancing oil recovery has not been reported yet and it is still in its infancy. The use of pristine halloysite nanotube is at risk of blocking the rock pore channel due to the intrinsic drawback of aggregation, which may be the reason. To prolong the suspension time of fluids during seeping into the small pores of low permeable reservoirs, we have proposed the HNTs/SiO2 nanocomposites. The effect of HNTs/SiO2 nanocomposites-based nanofluids on wettability alteration and oil displacement efficiency was experimentally studied. The HNTs/SiO2 nanocomposites have been prepared by sol-gel method and characterized with X-ray (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of the chemical modification on the suspension stability was investigated by measuring Zeta potential and dynamic laser scattering. Results show that the HNTs/SiO2 nanofluid could significantly change the water wettability from oil-wet to water-wet condition and enhance oil production. The optimal concentration of HNTs/SiO2 was 500 ppm, which corresponded to the highest ultimate oil recovery of 39%.
Anais III CONP - Congresso Odontológico do Norte do Paraná
Authors: Foggiato Augusto Alberto , Toledo Neto João Lopes , Merege Sônia Regina Leite , Fuziy Acácio , Ferrairo Brunna Mota , Silva Douglas Fernandes da , Sczepanski Felipe , Souza Fernando Isquerdo de , Oliveira Gabriela Cristina de , Lima Heliton Gustavo de , Baldi Járcio Victório , Roque José Sidney , Utida Jussara Eliana , Victorino Keli Regina , Canonico Luiz Alberto Dib , Girotto Marcos Antônio , Nagata Mariana Emi , Sousa Mário Cesar de , Ferreira Rafael , Parreiras Sibelli Olivieri , Pires Willian Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

EditorialCaros(as) Leitores(as)O III Congresso Odontológico do Norte do Paraná, evento científico organizado pelo Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná busca contribuir com a formação dos acadêmicos da Universidade com informações complementares sobre as diversas áreas de atuação especializada, tais como Odontopediatria, Dentística, Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, Periodontia, Prótese, Ortodontia, Terapêutica e Ética. Durante o evento renomados professores destas específicas áreas mostraram formas alternativas de tratamento dos diversos problemas odontológicos, conhecimentos técnicos-científicos filosóficos sobre a abordagem multidisciplinar dos pacientes. A formação básica também foi contemplada no evento com uma palestra de Semiologia. O evento mostra a preocupação da Universidade de preparar os alunos também para o exercício profissional na saúde pública. Ademais, por ser aberto aos profissionais da região de Jacarezinho, o evento também contribui para sua atualização técnica-científica. Contribuir para a formação de futuros profissionais, e ao mesmo tempo, permitir a atualização dos profissionais que já atuam no mercado de trabalho tem um alto valor para a Sociedade, a possibilidade de um atendimento melhor, atualizado e humanitário do paciente.Comissão Organizadora
Windshield glass fragment mimicking a nasal fracture
Authors: Martini Marcelo Zillo , Pardo-Kaba Shajadi Carlos , Seo Juliana , Yokoyama Plinio , Horikawa Fernando Kendi , Snidei Iron Ricardo Machado , Shinohara Elio Hitoshi 
Published: March 2019

A male patient with facial trauma by road traffic accident arrived in the emergency room and he was assisted by the Trauma and Neurosurgery team. After clinical evaluation a frontal sinus anterior wall fracture plus a nasal fracture were diagnosed. On the primary OMS examination was checked multiple facial lacerations and gross nasal dorsum deviation with pain, nasal airway obstruction and crepitus with clinical diagnosis of a nasal fracture. After radiologic exam a piece of windshield glass that was superimposed on the nasal bones simulating a nasal fracture was visualized. This paper presents clinical data and literature review of foreign body mimicking facial fractures.Descriptors: Road Traffic Accident; Facial Fractures; Windshield Glass.ReferênciasMazinis E, Lambrianidis T, Margelos J. Detection of a residual foreign body during root canal treatment. J Endod. 2005;31(9):691-93. Gray ST. Windshield safety glass foreign body masquerading as a root fragment. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23(1):49-51.Goldstein E, Gottlieb MA. Foreign bodies in the nasal fossae of children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36(3):446-47 .Madhere S, Barba CA, Painter RL, Morgan AS. Aspiration of shattered windshield glass after blind nasotracheal intubation in a motor vehicle crash. J Trauma. 1997;43:353-56.
Impacts of flooding on drinking water access in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: implications for the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Smiley Sarah L. , Hambati Herbert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Floods are the most common type of natural disaster and they impact human health and well-being. In cities such as Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, it is the poorest residents who experience the worst impacts from flooding. Yet although the negative effects of floods on drinking water quality are known, there is little empirical evidence on how they affect water access more broadly. This paper uses interviews from Dar es Salaam's Kigogo Ward to understand perceptions of drinking water source changes during floods. It frames these perceptions in the Sustainable Development Goals, which seek to achieve universal and equitable access to water. Results show that households experience flooding both inside and outside the house and that these episodes impact water quality, accessibility, and availability. In particular, floods can increase contamination, force residents to wait to fetch water, and require them to walk through floodwater to reach water sources. Floods also cause them to discard stored drinking water. These results demonstrate the need for additional research on the impacts of floods on water access.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of the Lebanese Propolis Extract
Authors: Zeitoun Rawan , Najjar Fadia , Wehbi Batoul , Khalil Alia , Fayyad-Kazan Mohammad , Dagher-Hamalian Carole , Faour Wissam H. , El-Makhour Yolla 
Published: March 2019

Background:Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees and known to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities.Objective:This study is aimed at evaluating the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of the Crude Ethanolic Extract (CE) of Lebanese propolis and its Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF).Method:Chemical content of propolis was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS/MS. COX-2 and iNOS protein expression, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) release in LPS-activated RAW monocytes were achieved respectively by western blot and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Measurement of paw thickness in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and pathologic assessment of inflammation in paw sections were used to judge the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis.Results:Pathology analysis revealed in the treated group significant reduction of immune cell infiltration and edema. Both extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-treated RAW cells characterized by the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS protein expression, as well as PGE2 and NO release. Chemical analysis of the crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction identified 28 different compounds of which two phenolic acids and nine other flavonoids were also quantified. Ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chrysin, galangin, quercetin, and pinocembrin were among the most representative compounds.Conclusion:Lebanese propolis is rich in a various amount of flavonoids which showed promising antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, chemical analysis showed unique chemical compositions with the potential of identifying ingredients with interesting anti-inflammatory activities.