bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent diffusion modelling of sediment in turbidity currents: An experimental validation of the Rouse approach
Authors: Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Tilston Mike C. , de Leeuw Jan , Pohl Florian , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe margins of submarine channels are characterized by deposits that fine away from the channel thalweg. This grain‐size trend is thought to reflect upward fining trends in the currents that formed the channels. This assumption enables reconstruction of turbidity currents from the geologic record, thereby providing insights into the overall sediment load of the system. It is common to assume that the density structure of a turbidity current can be modelled with simple diffusion models, such as the Rouse equation. Yet the Rouse equation was developed to describe how particles should be distributed through the water column in open‐channel flows, which fundamentally differ from turbidity currents in terms of their flow structure. Consequently, a rigorous appraisal of the Rouse model in deep‐marine settings is needed to validate the aforementioned flow reconstructions. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by providing a robust evaluation of the Rouse model's predictions of vertical particle segregation in two experimental turbidity currents that differ only in terms of their initial bed slopes (4° versus 8°). The concentration profiles of the coarsest sediment, which is suspended predominantly in the lower part of the flow, is accurately reproduced by the Rouse equation. Significant mismatches appear, however, in the concentration of finer grained sediment, especially towards the top of the flow. This problem is caused by the mixing with clear water at the top of turbidity currents. Caution is therefore advised in applying a Rouse model to levee overspill and levee‐crest deposits. Nonetheless, the Rouse model shows good agreement with laboratory measurements in the lower regions of the flow and for the coarser grains that are predominantly transported in the lower sections of submarine channels.
Stability and plasticity of positional memory during limb regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum
Authors: Iwata Reiko , Makanae Aki , Satoh Akira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrodele amphibians are capable of regenerating their organs after severe damage. During such regeneration, participating cells are given differentiation instructions by the surrounding cells. Limb regeneration has been investigated as a representative phenomenon of organ regeneration. Cells known as blastema cells are induced after limb amputation. In this process, dermal fibroblasts are dedifferentiated and become undifferentiated similar to limb bud cells. Just like limb bud cells, the induced blastema cells are positioned along the three limb developmental axes: the dorsoventral, the anteroposterior, and the proximodistal. The accurate developmental axes are essential for reforming the structures correctly. Despite the importance of the developmental axes, the relationship between the newly establishing developmental axes and existing limb axes was not well described with molecular markers.ResultsIn this study, we grafted skin from GFP‐transgenic axolotls and traced the cell lineage with position‐specific gene expressions in order to investigate the correlation of the newly established axes and cellular origin. Shh‐ and Lmx1b‐expressing cells emerged from the posterior skin and dorsal skin, respectively, even though the skin was transplanted to an inconsistent position. Shox2, a posterior marker gene, could be activated in cells derived from distal skin.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the location memories on anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes are relatively stable in a regenerating blastema though cellular differentiation is reprogrammed.
Experimental study on evolution in the characteristics of permeability, deformation, and energy of coal containing gas under triaxial cyclic loading‐unloading
Authors: Chu Yapei , Sun Haitao , Zhang Dongming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo further more deeply understand the influence of cyclic loading‐unloading on coal seams during mining and reduce the rock burst and coal and gas outburst disasters and ensure safety during coal mining, triaxial cyclic loading‐unloading tests were performed on coal samples. The permeability recovery rate, residual deformation, and dissipated energy ratio were defined to analyze the evolution in the characteristics of permeability, deformation, and energy observed during the triaxial cyclic loading‐unloading test. The results show as following: (a) The absolute permeability recovery rate first gradually decreases and then increases before failure, while the relative permeability recovery rate decreases sharply during the compaction stage, remains stable during the elastic phase, and gradually increases before failure; (b) The cumulative residual deformation increases with increase number of cyclic loading‐unloading, while relative residual deformation first decreases gradually, then stabilities, and then rises sharply before failure; (c) With increases in deviatoric stress, the total energy of coal samples increased as an exponential function. The dissipated energy ratio gradually decreased in the initial stages of cyclic loading‐unloading, then tended to stabilize in the elastic stage and then increase gradually before failure. This study provides precursor conditions for the early warning of rock burst and coal and gas outburst disasters, which has great importance for reducing coal mine dynamics disasters.
Evolutionary lability inHoxcluster structure and gene expression inAnolislizards
Authors: Feiner Nathalie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHox genes orchestrate development by patterning the embryonic axis. Vertebrate Hox genes are arranged in four compact clusters, and the spacing between genes is assumed to be crucial for their function. The genomes of squamate reptiles are unusually rich and variable in transposable elements (TEs), and it has been suggested that TE invasion is responsible for the Hox cluster expansion seen in snakes and lizards. Using de novo TE prediction on 17 genomes of lizards and snakes, I show that TE content of Hox clusters are generally 50% lower than genome-wide TE levels. However, two distantly related lizards of the species-rich genus Anolis have Hox clusters with a TE content that approaches genomic levels. The age distribution of TEs in Anolis lizards revealed that peaks of TE activity broadly coincide with speciation events. In accordance with theoretical models of Hox cluster regulation, I find that Anolis species with many TEs in their Hox clusters show aberrant Hox gene expression patterns, suggesting a functional link between TE accumulation and embryonic development. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TEs play a role in developmental processes as well as in evolutionary diversifications.
Postoperative infection predicts poor survival in locoregionally advanced oral cancer
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Azzi Jayson Lee , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Mlynarek Alex , Forest Veronique‐Isabelle , Hier Michael , Richardson Keith , Sadeghi Nader 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe ascertain the association of postoperative infection on survival in patients with locoregionally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).MethodsA retrospective study of patients with stage III/IVA OCSCC undergoing curative‐intent surgery was performed. Postoperative infection was considered within 30 days after surgery. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to compare overall survival (OS) in patients with postoperative infection. Cox regression and propensity‐score matching were used to adjust for confounders.ResultsFifty‐four of 114 patients had a postoperative infection. The 5‐year OS in patients with a postoperative infection (24.1%) was lower than those without (65.2%; P < .0001). Postoperative infection was a negative predictor of OS after adjusting for patient, antibiotic, pathologic, and operative factors; the adjusted hazard ratio for OS was 2.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.27‐5.09).ConclusionPostoperative infection is a strong negative predictor of OS in patients with OCSCC undergoing ablative surgery.
Analysis of how compliant layers and encapsulation affect power generated from piezoelectric stacked composites for bone healing medical devices
Authors: Cadel Eileen S. , Frazer Lance L. , Krech Ember D. , Fischer Kenneth J. , Friis Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUse of piezoelectric materials to harvest energy from human motion is commonly investigated. Traditional piezoelectric materials are inefficient at low frequencies but composite structures can increase efficiency at these frequencies. Compliant layer adaptive composite stack (CLACS) is a new piezoelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) structure designed for orthopedic implants to use loads generated during walking to provide electrical stimulation for bone healing. The CLACS structure increases power efficiency and structural properties as compared to PZT alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of compliant layer and encapsulation thicknesses on strain‐related parameters for CLACS predicted by finite element models. Percent changes in strain as compliant layer thickness increased were compared to percent changes in power experimentally produced by CLACS given similar geometries and loading conditions. Percent changes in PZT z‐strain matched the trends for increases in experimental power, but was not directly proportional. PZT z‐strain and radial strain increased as compliant layer and top and bottom encapsulation thickness increased. PZT z‐strain and radial strain decreased as side encapsulation thickness increased for a normalized distributed force on the PZT. The overall goal of this study was to inform future design decisions regarding CLACS structures specifically for use in orthopedic implants.
Layer‐by‐layer bioassembly of poly(lactic) acid membranes loaded with coculture of HBMSCs and EPCs improves vascularization in vivo
Authors: Guduric Vera , Siadous Robin , Babilotte Joanna , Seimbille Maxime , Bareille Reine , Rey Sylvie , Thébaud Noëlie B. , Le Nihouannen Damien , Fricain Jean‐Christophe , Devillard Raphaël , Luzanin Ognjan , Catros Sylvain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LBL) BioAssembly method was developed to enhance the control of cell distribution within 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo the development of blood vessels within LBL bioassembled membranes seeded with human primary cells, and to compare it to cellularized massive scaffolds. Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) membranes fabricated by fused deposition modeling were seeded with monocultures of human bone marrow stromal cells or with cocultures of these cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Then, four cellularized membranes were assembled in LBL constructs. Early osteoblastic and endothelial cell differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase, and von Willebrand's factor, were expressed in all layers of assemblies in homogenous manner. The same kind of LBL assemblies as well as cellularized massive scaffolds was implanted subcutaneously in mice. Human cells were observed in all scaffolds seeded with cells, but not in the inner parts of massive scaffolds. There were significantly more blood vessels observed in LBL bioassemblies seeded with cocultures compared to all other samples. LBL bioassembly of PLA membranes seeded with a coculture of human cells is an efficient method to obtain homogenous cell distribution and blood vessel formation within the entire volume of a 3D composite scaffold.
Effect of long alkyl chains of aniline donor on the photovoltaic performance of D‐π‐A zinc porphyrin for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Jie‐Jun , Yeh Chen‐Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree novel dyes of JJ1, JJ2, and JJ6 featured zinc porphyrin as a basic core structure; N, N‐alkyl‐4‐(prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)aniline as an electron donor linked to meso‐10‐position; 4‐(prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)benzoic acid as an electron acceptor linked to meso‐20‐position; and 2,6‐bis(dodecyloxy)phenyl or 2,6‐bis(octyloxy)phenyl respectively linked to meso‐5 and meso‐15‐positions of zinc porphyrin have been synthesized and used for dye‐sensitized solar cells. Porphyrin JJ6 featured the shortest alkyl group (─C4H9) on the donor, whereas JJ2 contained the longest alkyl groups (─C12H25), and JJ1 has a medium length of octyl groups. With these new porphyrin sensitizers, we observed that JJ6 has 7.55% power conversion efficiency under simulated one‐sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm2) with JSC = 18.64 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.66 V, and fill factor (FF) = 0.61, which was higher than the other two; JJ1 (7.35%) with JSC = 18.83 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.68 V, and FF = 0.60; and JJ2 (6.33%) with JSC = 15.69 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.62 V, and FF = 0.65. The power conversion efficiency of JJ6 and JJ1 were higher than JJ2, demonstrating that the lengthy alkyl groups on the aniline cause a decrease in efficiency of the devices.
The gridded weather typing classification version 2: A global‐scale expansion
Authors: Lee Cameron C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynoptic climatology uses classifications of atmospheric data to relate the larger‐scale atmosphere to surface‐based responses. One of the two primary modes of classification is the weather typing classification, whereby the multivariate surface‐based meteorological conditions at an individual location are categorized into a daily weather type (WT), and this methodology is then iterated at numerous locations within the domain in order to identify synoptic‐scale air masses. One such classification that was recently developed is the gridded weather typing classification (GWTC) for North America. The current research describes the extension of this GWTC methodology, and dataset, to the global scale, along with a number of other key updates. Using data from the Climate Forecast System, the global GWTC (GWTC‐2) classifies every day from 1979 to present into one of 11 intuitive weather types. With half‐degree spatial resolution, this results in over 259,000 global locations and more than 3.7 billion location/days currently classified, with another 7–8 million added each month. Updates to the GWTC methodology also allow for the identification and visualization of more extreme weather types compared to the previous version, and the extension of the classification over the global ocean will allow for new oceanographic applications.
Platelet‐rich fibrin elicits an anti‐inflammatory response in macrophages in vitro
Authors: Nasirzade Jila , Kargarpour Zahra , Hasannia Sadegh , Strauss Franz Josef , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) serves as a reservoir of bioactive molecules to support wound healing and bone regeneration. The beneficial action of PRF might involve macrophage polarization from proinflammatory M1 toward pro‐resolving M2 phenotypes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PRF on macrophage polarization.MethodsMurine primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to saliva and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with and without PRF lysates obtained by repeated freeze‐thawing or the secretome of PRF membranes, termed PRF conditioned medium. The expression of the M1 marker genes interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 6 (IL6) along with the M2 markers arginase‐1 and chitinase‐like 3 (Chil3 or YM1) were evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction. Immunoassay and immunofluorescence staining were performed for IL6 and p65 translocation, a subunit nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐kB), respectively.ResultsWe report here that PRF lysates and PRF conditioned medium, the latter containing the secretome, greatly decreased the proinflammatory response of primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells as indicated by the expression of IL1β and IL6. The anti‐inflammatory activity of PRF lysates was further confirmed by IL6 immunoassay. Moreover, PRF lysates suppressed the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus after incubation with saliva. In support of M2 polarization, PRF lysates and PRF conditioned medium enhanced the expression of arginase‐1 and YM1 in primary macrophages.ConclusionOur results indicate that PRF holds an anti‐inflammatory activity and shifts the macrophage polarization from an M1 toward an M2 phenotype.
Effects of silencing TT8 and HB12 on in vitro nutrients degradation and VFA production in relation to molecular structures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Lei Yaogeng , Hannoufa Abdelali , Wang Yuxi , Christensen David , Yu Peiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransparent Testa8 (TT8) and Homeobox12 (HB12) are two transcriptional factors in plant phenylpropanoid pathways and were reported to be positively related to lignin content. Alfalfa with silenced TT8 (TT8i) and HB12 (HB12i) was therefore generated using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique. Although lignin was found to be high in HB12i, such gene‐silencing of alfalfa resulted in nutrient profiles that might be suitable for grazing. To extend the nutritional evaluation of transformed alfalfa, ground samples of 11 HB12i, 5 TT8i and 4 wild type (WT) were incubated in rumen fluid : buffer solution for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h at 39 °C. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradations at each time point, and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h were analyzed, as well as degradation and production kinetics. The correlations and regressions between nutritive profiles and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectral parameters were determined.RESULTSBoth transformed genotypes had lower DM degradation and HB12i had lower VFA production compared with WT. Structural carbohydrate (STC) parameters were found to be negatively correlated with DM degradation and VFA production. The kinetics of DM degradation and VFA production were predicted from spectral parameters with good estimation power.CONCLUSIONSilencing of HB12 and TT8 affected fermentation characteristics of alfalfa and some fermentation characteristics were predictable from spectral parameters using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
gem‐Diethyl Pyrroline Nitroxide Spin Labels: Synthesis, EPR Characterization, Rotamer Libraries and Biocompatibility
Authors: Bleicken Stephanie , Assafa Tufa E. , Zhang Hui , Elsner Christina , Ritsch Irina , Pink Maren , Rajca Suchada , Jeschke Gunnar , Rajca Andrzej , Bordignon Enrica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Enrica Bordignon at the Ruhr University Bochum. The cover picture shows an artistic view of E. coli cells and two spin‐labeled recombinantly produced proteins, which can be inserted into the cells for EPR studies. The primary sequence of the proteins is schematically shown with the one‐letter amino acid code, and cysteine residues are functionalized with the two new gem diethyl nitroxide spin labels designed to better sustain the reducing cellular environment. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201900119.
Prognostic role of pleural effusion or ascites in localized rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Di Carlo Daniela , Ferrari Andrea , Toffolutti Tiziana , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Manzitti Carla , Ruggiero Antonio , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Melchionda Fraia , Zanetti Ilaria , Scarzello Giovanni , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe presence of pleural effusion or ascites at the time of diagnosis is generally considered a poor prognostic factor for children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and treatment is usually intensified despite the fact that there are no published studies to support this decision. We investigated the prognostic role of the presence of pleural effusion or ascites at diagnosis in patients with localized RMS consecutively enrolled in the Italian Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee protocols over a 30‐year period.MethodsWe reviewed the radiological reports at diagnosis of 150 children with supradiaphragmatic and infradiaphragmatic RMS, noting any presence of effusion and its extent (minimal, moderate, or massive). All patients received intensive chemotherapy, surgery, and standard or hyperfractionated radiotherapy.ResultsEffusion was identified in 32 children (21.3%), 14 with pleural effusion and 18 with ascites. As for its extent, 13 children presented with minimal, 12 with moderate, and 7 with massive effusion. The 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 49.8% (confidence interval [CI] 31.7–65.5) and 49.5% (CI 40–58.2) for patients with and without effusion, respectively (P = .5). When only patients with moderate or massive effusion were considered, however, their PFS was 36.8% (CI 16.5–57.5) versus 51.2% (CI 42.2–59.5) in patients with minimal or no effusion (P = .01). On the whole, patients with pleural effusion had a very poor outcome with a 5‐year PFS of 35.7% (CI 13–59.4).ConclusionsThe presence of moderate or massive effusion seems to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in children with RMS, and justifies their inclusion in experimental studies.
The interplay between emotion regulation, emotional well‐being, and cognitive functioning in brain tumor patients and their caregivers: An exploratory study
Authors: Aerts Hannelore , Van Vrekhem Tineke , Stas Lara , Marinazzo Daniele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveBrain tumor patients may suffer from a range of health‐impairing problems reducing their quality of life. To identify potential targets for interventions, we examined the influence of different emotion regulation strategies on affective and cognitive functioning as indices of quality of life in patients and their caregivers in the early phase of treatment.MethodsTo this end, we conducted an exploratory longitudinal study on a small cohort, measuring emotion regulation, emotional well‐being, and cognitive functioning on the day before each patient's tumor resection (28 patients and 11 caregivers) and several months after neurosurgery (22 patients and 10 caregivers).ResultsResults showed that emotion regulation strategies are relatively stable from preoperative to postoperative assessment. Nevertheless, several associations between emotion regulation strategies and quality of life indices were evident after tumor resection. In particular, our results were largely in line with previous research findings in healthy and other patient populations, corroborating the adaptive character of cognitive reappraisal, whereas suppression and expression of emotions were related to reduced cognitive and affective functioning, respectively.ConclusionsBased on these results, we suggest that further intervention or qualitative studies explore whether therapeutic interventions directed toward mastery of cognitive reappraisal techniques and appropriate expression of emotions could lead to improved long‐term adjustment among brain tumor patients and their caregivers.