bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of pathologic myopia in UK adults with high myopia
Authors: Yii Fabian , Strang Niall , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Dhillon Baljean , MacGillivray Tom , MacCormick Ian J.C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsTo conduct the first cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of pathologic myopia (PM) in UK adults with high myopia.MethodsFundus photographs of 3,024 highly myopic eyes (spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ –5.00D) from 2,000 randomly sampled adults (aged 40-70 years) in the UK Biobank were double graded by an ophthalmic reading centre using the Meta-analysis for Pathologic Myopia framework. Adjudication was performed by one of two retinal specialists. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to explore potential risk factors and fundus biomarkers—initially controlling for SER, age and sex, before including all variables with p<0.10 in a single model.ResultsPM was present in 1,138 of 3,006 gradable fundus photographs, with 41.7% (95% CI: 39.5%-43.9%) of participants affected in at least one eye graded. Most eyes with PM exhibited diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (97.4%), while the more severe stages— patchy chorioretinal atrophy and macular atrophy—were observed in only 24 and 5 eyes, respectively. Thirteen eyes had “plus” lesions or suspected staphyloma. Factors independently associated with increased odds of PM (all p<0.05) included decreasing SER (adjusted odds ratio: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15-0.32), older age (2.20, 1.63-2.97), female sex (1.87, 1.12-3.12), lower deprivation (0.73, 0.56-0.94), White ethnicity (52.3, 17.3-158.3), lower retinal arteriovenous ratio (0.47, 0.37-0.58), increased retinal vascular complexity (4.68, 3.22-6.81) and a relatively horizontal disc orientation (2.98, 1.88-4.72). None of the explored modifiable lifestyle or health-related variables were associated with PM.ConclusionsPM prevalence is high among mid-life adults with high myopia in the UK Biobank. Although most cases are mild, the progressive and age-related nature of PM means an elevated risk of irreversible visual impairment for these individuals in later life.
Sleep Regularity Index as a Novel Indicator of Sleep Disturbance in Stroke Survivors: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Schruers Katrijn B. , Weightman Matthew , Guttesen Anna á V. , Robinson Barbara , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Fleming Melanie K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbance is common but often overlooked following stroke. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of sleep regularity in overall health, however, there is little information about sleep regularity after stroke. This study aimed to test for differences in the sleep regularity index (SRI), derived from actigraphy data, between stroke survivors and healthy controls. Secondary objectives included testing for correlations between SRI and other actigraphy derived sleep metrics in both groups, and the association between SRI and depression, disability, quality of life, and chronicity in the stroke group.MethodsActigraphy data were obtained from an existing dataset (approx. 1 week of data per participant). SRI calculation followed established procedures for 162 community-dwelling stroke survivors (mean age 61±14 years, 5±5 years post-stroke, 89 males) and 60 healthy controls (mean age 57±17 years, 32 males). The primary outcome measure was SRI (score 0-100; higher scores indicating greater sleep regularity). Other sleep metrics included total sleep time, fragmentation, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and self-reported sleep.ResultsThe SRI was significantly lower for stroke survivors compared to healthy controls (p=0.001). Higher SRI correlated with longer total sleep time (p=0.003) and better self-reported sleep (sleep condition indicator;p=0.001) for the stroke group, but not for any other sleep metrics, nor for controls. For the stroke group, lower SRI was associated with worse depression (p=0.006), and quality of life (p=0.001), but there were no associations with post-stroke disability (p=0.886) nor time since stroke (p=0.646).ConclusionThis study highlights potential disrupted sleep regularity post-stroke. Future research should explore interventions targeting sleep regularity to improve sleep quality and overall outcomes in this population.
The Pathogen Adaptation of HLA Alleles and the Correlation with Autoimmune Diseases based on the HLA Diversity Resource in the Han Chinese
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Yanyan , Song Tingrui , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Peng , Luo Huaxia , Zhang Sijia , Niu Yiwei , Xu Tao , He Shunmin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a crucial role in the adaptation of human populations to the dynamic pathogenic environment. Despite their significance, investigating the pathogen-driven evolution of HLAs and the implications for autoimmune diseases presents considerable challenges. Here, we genotyped over twenty HLA genes at 3-field resolution in 8278 individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds, including 4013 unrelated Han Chinese. We focused on the adaptation of HLAs in the Han Chinese by analysing their binding affinity for various pathogens, and explored the potential correlations between pathogen adaptation and autoimmune diseases. Our findings reveal that specific HLA alleles like HLA-DRB1*07:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:01, confer strong pathogen adaptability at the sequence level, notably forCorynebacterium diphtheriaeandBordetella pertussis. Additionally, alleles like HLA*03:02 demonstrate adaptive selection against pathogens likeMycobacterium tuberculosisandCoronavirusat the gene expression level. Simultaneously, the aforementioned HLA alleles are closely related to some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). These exploratory discoveries shed light on the intricate coevolutionary relationships between pathogen adaptation and autoimmune diseases in the human population. These efforts led to an HLA database athttp://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/HLAtyping, aiding searches for HLA allele frequencies (AF) across populations.
The Accuracy of Price Transparency Files at Top-Rated US Hospitals
Authors: Triana Austin J. , Van Horn R. Leland , Alford-Holloway Mason , Quintana Joseph A. , Laffer Arthur B. , Van Horn R. Lawrence 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent U.S. policies require hospitals and health insurers to post payer-specific negotiated prices for services. Few studies, if any, have thoroughly investigated the accuracy of these payer-specific prices for individual hospitals. Our aim was to evaluate the concordance of prices using three datasets: 1) hospital price transparency, 2) payer price transparency data, and 3) Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) claims data, reflecting actual payments. Evaluating transthoracic echocardiograms at 22 top-rated hospitals, we found high variability in prices and low concordance between datasets, as less than 30% of claim payments had a concordant price in the price transparency datasets. Deriving accurate price estimates for patients requires precise matching of the insurance plan, place of service, and fee type, all of which should be included in standardized reporting. This process highlights the complexity of insurance contracting, and it is not surprising that there is some disagreement in prices. Regardless, we are hopeful that highlighting variation and complexity in prices is a step towards a better system of healthcare payments in the United States.
Deep-learning-derived neuroimaging biomarkers of sarcopenia as predictors of outcome in endovascular thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hwee Teo Kevin Soon , Tan Benjamin YQ , Teo Yao Neng , Zhang Yichi , Wu Yilei , Teo Yao Hao , Low Xi Zhen , Wu Peng , Yeo Joshua YP , Hallinan James T P D , Tan Li Feng , Anderson Christopher D , Yeo Leonard LL , Makmur Andrew , Zhou Juan Helen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSarcopenia is an emerging marker of biological health and is associated with poor outcomes in many disease states. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the utility of muscle biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsThis was a single-center observational cohort study of consecutive patients that underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for LVO AIS. A deep-learning model was employed to segment and measure the volume, surface area, and maximum thickness of temporalis and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. The primary outcome was poor functional outcome, defined by an mRS of 3-6 at 3 months post-stroke. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations between the muscle biomarkers and outcome measures after adjusting for clinical variables of age, sex, and NIHSS.ResultsA total of 297 patients were included. 175 (58.9%) had poor functional outcomes at 3 months post-stroke. For each 10cm³ decrease in SCM volume (SV) and temporalis volume (TV), the odds of poor functional outcome at 3 months post-stroke increased by 34% (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52–0.84, p < 0.001) and 18% (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91, p < 0.001), respectively. After adjusting for age, sex and NIHSS, our baseline outcome model yielded an AUC of 0.716. Including sarcopenia biomarkers in the model improved discrimination: SV dichotomized (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.74, p-value <0.01, AUC: 0.731), TV dichotomized (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.86, p-value 0.012, AUC: 0.724).ConclusionOur study identified that temporalis and SCM muscle volumes were independently associated with functional outcomes after EVT for LVO AIS.
c-Triadem: A constrained, explainable deep learning model to identify novel biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jemimah Sherlyn , Abuhantash Ferial , AlShehhi Aamna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that requires early diagnosis for effective management. However, issues with currently available diagnostic biomarkers preclude early diagnosis, necessitating the development of alternative biomarkers and methods, such as blood-based diagnostics. We propose c-Triadem (constrained triple-input Alzheimer’s disease model), a novel deep neural network to identify potential blood-based biomarkers for AD and predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD with high accuracy. The model utilizes genotyping data, gene expression data, and clinical information to predict the disease status of participants, i.e., cognitively normal (CN), MCI, or AD. The nodes of the neural network represent genes and their related pathways, and the edges represent known relationships among the genes and pathways. We trained the model with blood genotyping data, microarray, and clinical features from the Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging Disease Initiative (ADNI). We demonstrate that our model’s performance is superior to previous models with an AUC of 97% and accuracy of 89%. We then identified the most influential genes and clinical features for prediction using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Our SHAP analysis shows that CASP9, LCK, and SDC3 SNPs and PINK1, ATG5, and ubiquitin (UBB, UBC) expression have a higher impact on model performance. Our model has facilitated the identification of potential blood-based genetic markers of DNA damage response and mitophagy in affected regions of the brain. The model can be used for detection and biomarker identification in other related dementias.Author SummaryC-Triadem, our novel developed deep neural network, accurately predicts moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while identifying potential blood biomarkers for AD. Current diagnostic methods have limitations, emphasizing the critical need for early AD detection. Our model integrates genetic, gene expression, and clinical data to differentiate among cognitively normal individuals, MCI, and AD cases. Training and validation using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data demonstrate superior performance, with a 97% AUC and 89% accuracy, surpassing previous models. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis highlights key clinical features (e.g., MMSE scores, brain volume) and genes (e.g., CASP9, LCK, SDC3), revealing potential genetic markers and pathways in blood associated with AD. By incorporating Reactome pathways, our approach enhances interpretability, providing insight into the biological context of predictions. In summary, c-Triadem represents a significant advancement in AD diagnostics, enabling earlier and more accurate diagnoses for improved treatment strategies.
Diversity 5.0 framework: managing innovation in Industry 5.0 through diversity and inclusion
Authors: D’souza Chiara Petria , Tapas Poornima 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis paper outlines the diversity and inclusion framework for Industry 5.0, which has human-centricity, sustainability and resilience as its main characteristics. This is concerning the disruption technology has caused.Design/methodology/approachA rapid scoping review was carried out, which collates recent scholarly outputs. It is based on a sample of 92 high-quality documents from two databases focusing on diversity and inclusion in Industry 5.0. Further, the authors have analyzed the literature based on the McKinsey 7S model and formed a diversity framework for Industry 5.0 to promote innovation.FindingsThese findings can support Diversity 5.0 applications with human–robot collaboration and a human-centric approach in Industry 5.0. The article provides key insights on cross-cutting themes like upskilling given digitization, innovation and other HR trends in the industry.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that HR professionals, governments and policymakers can use the recommendations to broaden their perspectives and develop policies, interventions, laws and practices that will impact the future workforce and boost innovation.Social implicationsThis will help organizations in Industry 5.0 to be competitive and build on their talent management strategies to fulfill their diversity goals as well as support sustainable development goals.Originality/valueWe give critical views on the aspects that will define the future of work in terms of skills, innovation and safety for employees, drawing on results from a wide range of theoretical and analytical viewpoints.
Financial challenges in Portuguese hospitals: debt influences
Authors: Neves Maria Elisabete , Carolina Ana 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aims to understand how specific variables of companies, corporate governance and macroeconomic factors influence the indebtedness of Portuguese hospitals, a key sector in the economy.Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypotheses, data from 256 Portuguese hospitals were used, in the period between 2015 and 2021. The models were estimated using the panel data methodology, specifically using the estimation method generalized method of moments (GMM) system, from Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998).FindingsUsing three measures of indebtedness to assess whether the determinants vary according to debt maturity, the results show differences in the sign and significance of the variables determining total indebtedness across short, medium and long-term debt.Originality/valueThis article appears to be original and significant as it provides detailed awareness of debt levels and their management, particularly in the context of ongoing debates about Portugal’s national health system.
An integrated AHP-EDAS approach for evaluating the green human resource management practices in different industrial sectors of India
Authors: Gupta Srikant , Bhargava Anvay 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on Indian companies of different sectors and to identify the most critical GHRM practices that can lead to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses an integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process-Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution approach to determine the importance of 32 GHRM practices classified into eight categories, as identified through literature review and expert consultation. This study also identifies the best sector for GHRM practices in India.

Findings
This study reveals that employee engagement is the most critical practice among all the GHRM practices identified. India’s Information Technology-Enabled Services sector benefited the most from GHRM practices, followed by the Insurance sector.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on GHRM practices and their impact on organisations and sectors. The integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process-Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution approach used in this study is innovative and can be helpful for Indian companies to prioritise and implement effective GHRM practices.
To activate, or not to activate? Officers’ decisions to turn on body-worn cameras during different police services
Authors: Oglesby-Neal Ashlin , Peterson Bryce E. , Lawrence Daniel S. 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study explores how various officer and event-level factors influence Milwaukee Police Department officers’ decision to activate their body-worn cameras (BWCs) across both community member-initiated services and officer-initiated activities.Design/methodology/approachAcross the 1,052 officers and 1,066,112 officer-events in the sample, we use descriptive and logistical regressions to assess differences in BWC activations across calls for service and officer-initiated activities.FindingsWe found similar activation rates between calls for service (41.5%) and officer-initiated activities (44.1%). However, our logistic regression analysis results suggest the explanatory power of the event and officer-level variables was substantially better in models examining officer-initiated activities. Among calls for service, officers were more likely to activate BWCs during calls involving crimes against persons compared to other crimes or non-criminal incidents. Activation was more frequent during traffic stops than other self-initiated activities. Activation increased when the event resulted in an advisement, citation, detention or arrest.Originality/valueThe success of police BWC programs hinges on whether officers activate their cameras when interacting with community members. Findings suggest that officers are more likely to activate their BWCs during activities that involve direct interactions with community members, especially in situations with a higher potential for volatility or serious criminal implications.
When customers become scapegoats: how negative gossip about organizational change can cause negative emotions and displaced aggression
Authors: Cao Wenyi , Chen Lu , Tang Rong , Zhao Xinyuan , Mattila Anna S. , Liu Jun , Qin Yan 
Published: November 2024

PurposeBased on affective events theory, this research attempted to investigate how negative gossip about organizational change drives employees to experience negative emotions and direct their aggression toward customers.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a scenario-based experiment (Study 1) and a multiwave field survey (Study 2) to test our hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that (1) negative emotions mediate the relationship between change-related negative gossip and displaced aggression toward customers; (2) perceived organizational constraints strengthen the relationship between change-related negative gossip and negative emotions; (3) future work self-salience weakens the relationship between change-related negative gossip and negative emotions; and (4) change-related negative gossip has a strengthened (weakened) indirect effect on displaced aggression via negative emotions when employees have high perceived organizational constraints (future work self-salience).Originality/valueThe study expands research on organizational change and displaced aggression and provides practical implications for managing organizational change.
Evolving visitors/tourists’ demands, preference and future expectations, related to 7PS sustainability during and after the pandemic through the X.0 wave/tomorrow age theory (when X.0=5.0)
Authors: Mattiello Hamid , Alijani Omid , Rahimi Moghaddam Mohammad , Ameri Behnam 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study explores evolving tourist preferences post-COVID-19, focusing on the growing demand for sustainable tourism. Using the X.0 wave/tomorrow age theory when X.0 = 5.0, it identifies transformative trends influencing the tourism industry's adaptation to new sustainability expectations.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach combines extensive surveys and interviews with diverse tourist profiles to examine behaviors and preferences. The seven pillars of sustainability (7PS) model frames the analysis.FindingsTourism is shifting toward sustainable practices, emphasizing cultural differences, environmental stewardship, social engagement, economic resilience, technological infrastructure, educational methods and political supports. The integration of X.0 wave theory with SME 5.0 concepts highlights the importance of responsible tourism aligned with evolving tourist expectations.Originality/valueThis study pioneers the application of the X.0 wave/tomorrow age theory to tourism, offering a novel framework for sustainable practices. It provides insights for making tourism resilient, ecologically sound and socially responsible, meeting post-pandemic visitor demands.
Not only transitions in nutritional modes but also niche shifts facilitate mycorrhizal fungal specialization in Burmannia
Authors: Zhao Zhongtao , Tu Tieyao , Zhang Yu , Meng Ruifan , Shi Miaomiao , Fan Li , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. , Saunders Richard M. K. , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Mycoheterotrophs are non‐photosynthetic plants that obtain all of their carbon requirements through parasitizing mycorrhizal fungi. They originated from the autotrophic ancestors and usually have more specific relationships with fungi than that of green plants, for reasons that are largely unknown. Determining the factors that lead to specificity in mycoheterotrophs could provide insights on the constraints to mycoheterotrophic evolution.

Here we assess the fungal diversities in mycoheterotrophic plants and their co‐occurring plants to determine the roles of ecological factors on the specific fungal associations in mycoheterotrophic plants. We investigated mycorrhizal fungal communities in 16 populations of seven Burmannia species with different trophic modes and their co‐occurring plants using high‐throughput sequencing to assess the tripartite relationships of fungi, mycoheterotrophs and co‐occurring autotrophs.

We found that mycoheterotrophic species have similar fungal richness to their chlorophyllous relatives, indicating that they are not associated with a reduced set of fungal partners. The preference of mycoheterotrophic species toward specialized fungal assemblages is consistent with the pattern found in the green autotrophic plants within forest habitats, suggesting a coupling of the fungal phylogenetic constraints between mycoheterotrophs and their co‐occurring autotrophs. We furthermore show that the turning to fungal communities having closer phylogenetic relationships during habitat shifts from open grasslands to shaded forests might provide the basis for the specialization of mycorrhizal associations in mycoheterotrophic species of Burmannia.

Our findings suggest that fungal niche shifts may have promoted fungal partner changes and specialization in mycoheterotrophic plants. Our results provide new insights into the ecological factors leading to the specialized interactions between mycoheterotrophic plants and their fungal partners, expanding our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories followed by mycoheterotrophs.

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