bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome after Rehabilitation among Different Diagnostic Groups of Childhood Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Khatua D K , Pramanik R , Pan P P , Santra G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To study the functional outcomes in different groups of meningoencephalitis patients after rehabilitation approach in addition to standard medical therapy.

Study period
From January 2007 to January 2009.

Study Design
Prospective longitudinal analytical study.

Study Area
Departmentof Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatric Medicine in North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, India.

Study population
108 patients.

Material and methods
After taking consent and institutional ethical committee clearance the sample size were assessed. After stabilisation of the affected children with medical therapies, rehabilitation regimen was added.

Outcome measures
Percentage of total Wee FIM score.

Follow up
0, 2weeks, 6 weeks.

Results
Data analysed by McNamara's chi Square test showed disability rate is much higher than other aetiology. Best prognosis is seen in patients with viral infections.

Discussion
In developing countries children in lower socioeconomic group from rural areas are the most victim of tuberculous meningoencephalitis who responded reasonably with rehabilitation regimen.

Conclusion
Rehabilitation regimen is best helpful in viral infection. Tuberculous infection, relatively commoner in India does not respond very well.
Comparison of Ultrasonic Therapy, Sodium Hyaluronate Injection and Steroid Injection in the Treatment of Peri-arthritis Shoulder
Authors: Sonal Chauhan , Kothari S.Y. , Nonica Laisram 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Peri-arthritis (PA) shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain and disability. The optimum management of periarthritis shoulder has been the subject of great debate, particularly since the condition tends to resolve spontaneously over months to years leaving behind stiff shoulder.
Objectives of this study was to prospectively evaluate the comparative efficacy of intra-articular steroid (methylprednisolone) injection, intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection and deep heat in patients with peri-arthritis shoulder who were also taught a simple home exercise programme.
Objectives of this study was to prospectively evaluate the comparative efficacy of intra-articular steroid (methylprednisolone) injection, intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection and deep heat in patients with peri-arthritis shoulder who were also taught a simple home exercise programme.
Outcomes were determined by the assessment of subjective and objective parameters viz. shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), range of motion. All three groups showed improvement with respect to time. Steroid group and sodium hyaluronate group showed significant improvement as compared to other ultrasonic group (p=0.02) with respect to shoulder pain and disability index and range of motion. Improvement in pain was equal with all three types of treatment‥
Indwelling Catheter Related Pressure Ulcer in Groin in a Tetraplegic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Joy AK , Singh Th Khelendro , Sangme Ngampa , Mohes AS 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ulcer prevention and its management has been a challenge in the practice of rehabilitation medicine and more so, with the tetraplegic subjects. We herein report a case of a 42-year-old tetraplegic male, who presented with multiple pressure ulcers and atypical grade-II ulcer in the right groin due to mismanagement of indwelling urethral catheter. Groin is extremely an unusual site for ulcer and no similar case has been previously reported with an ulcer in the groin in a spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. This case highlights the importance of proper positioning of indwelling urethral catheter, its care, and prevention of medical devices related (iatrogenic) complications in patients undergoing treatment.
Rehabilitation Medicine Implications of Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury–A Review
Authors: Singh U , Handa Gita , Sumalatha K B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe life expectancy in spinal cord injury has increased but no cure has been found yet. Stem cell therapy in the spinal cord injury stands high hopes of neural repair and regeneration and getting back to normal life. But for its fruitful result it is essential to know the pathophysiology of the spinal cord injury and also the treatment should be appropriately timed according to the stages of injury. Regular follow-up of these patients is very important as stem cell therapy alone without appropriate rehabilitation may not only result in failure of therapy but also patients may end up in complications such as UTI, bed sores etc. Role of rehab in spinal cord injury with respect to physiological and task oriented neuroplasticity has shown benefits in animal studies. Rehabilitation programme integrated with the stem cell therapy may help to improve the functional outcome.
Myositis Ossificans Circumscripta: A Case Report
Authors: Equebal Ameed , Osama Neyaz , Vasundhara Ghosal , Rakesh Jhalani , Ambar Ballav , Sanjay Keshkar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a form of heterotopic ossification (HO) that is benign in nature but may appear clinically and radiologically as a malignant neoplasm. A 26 years old male patient of traumatic spastic paraplegia, secondary to compression fracture of D8-D10 vertebra presented with severe LBP, more around right buttock with hip movement. During investigations, the presence of large heterotopic ossification mass was noted on rightside of pelvis. Diagnosis was confirmed by blood investigations, x-rays, MRI. Malignancy was excluded by bone biopsy. Case was managed conservatively, the orthosis was changed. Patient was discharged in early July 2012 with significant improvement in pain (VAS-1) and ROM of hip with proper counselling to patient, care-givers and necessary advice for resettlement.
Gutter Crutches: An Unconventional Walking Aid for Incomplete Tetraplegics – A Case Report
Authors: Senthilvelkumar T , Thomas Raji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The goal of the therapists and patient while selecting an ambulatory aid is to maximise walking ability, manoeuverability and independence, while maintaining safety and stability. Unlike elbow crutches or walker, gutter crutches are not a familiar and well established walking aid in the rehabilitation of persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. In this case report we highlight enhanced ambulation achieved by a 53-year-old man with chronic, incomplete tetraplegia with the use of gutter crutches.
Urodynamic study of Bladder Behaviour in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Patients in Response to Rehabilitation
Authors: Jungindro Singh Ningthoujam , Sanjay, Keshkar , Ajit Singh Naorem , Ratnesh Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To study the bladder behaviour in response to rehabilitation intervention in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using urodynamic study (UDS) and to compare the nature of the bladder in a rehabilitated and nonrehabilitated neurogenic bladder of traumatic SCI.

Study design
Prospective follow-up study.

Setting
Rehabilitation ward of National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped.

Material and Method
Thirty traumatic SCI patients mean age 31.4±7.9 years, 26 males and 4 females, admitted for rehabilitation were done UDS to see the bladder behaviour in response to rehabilitation intervention and compare the nature of bladder of the rehabilitated and that of the non-rehabilitated neurogenic bladder. Rehabilitation of the bladder was done at least for three months. The study lasted for 2 years with a minimum of one year follow-up.

Result
In upper motor neuron (UMN) neurogenic bladders there were significant changes in the max. cystometric capacity (p=0.018) after rehab intervention. The compliance, Pdet. at first desire to void and Pdet. at max. cystometric capacity of these patients were also found to have significant correlations (p=0.012, 0.010 and 0.014 respectively). But the volume at the first desire to void does not show must significant changes after rehab intervention (p=0.45). Significant reduction of amplitude and frequency was found in involuntary contractions (detrusor hyper-reflexia). In similar comparison of the lower motor neuron (LMN) neurogenic bladder significant changes after rehab intervention, could be found only in the max. cystometric capacity (p=0.018). Other variables like compliance, volume at first desire to void, Pdet. at first desire to void, and Pdet. at max. cystometric capacity were found to have no significant changes after rehab intervention (p=0.168, 0.194, 0.324, 0.302 respectively).

Conclusion
The change in the nature of the rehabilitated neurogenic bladder is different with the type of bladder.
Association of Low Back Pain with Common Risk Factors: A Community Based Study
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Moin , Khan Aminuddin A , Chowdhury Ahsanul Hoque , Guha Ranjan Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Low back pain is very common in Asian communities. It is a major cause of activity limitation. Its risk factors were not studied well in Asian communities. This study was performed in the rural area to see the association of some common posture related and modifiable risk factors of low back pain.

Methods
This is a community based case-control study. Participants of both sexes between 30 and 60 years were selected who had low back pain. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire and fifty-one participants were interviewed from which 32 had back pain (cases). Risk factor association was compared with age and ethnicity matched 19 patients without low back pain (control group).

Results
The point prevalence of low backache was 63%. Mean age of the patients was 45.8 (±10.8 SD) years. Seventy per cent of the back pain patients were females and 30% were males. Back pain was significantly associated with the risk factor ‘bending and twisting movements of the body’ (OR= 4.6 with 95% CI= 1.1 to 18.9, p= 0.041). It was not found to be significantly associated with the other studied risk factors.

Conclusion
Low back pain had a very high prevalence in rural Bangladesh. Bending and twisting movements of spine was the only posture related significant risk factor of low back pain.
Grading of Adductor Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy – A New Approach
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy. Spasticity in hip adductor causes discomfort, stiffness and difficulties in performing physical activities such as seating, transfers and walking. Grading of hip adductor spasticity is still a challenge in the field of rehabilitation. A simple method to assess hip adductor spasticity and use it as outcome measures of intervention is needed in general clinical practice.We propose a visual method for grading hip adductor spasticity i.e grade 1= touch at ankle, grade 2 = crossing at ankle and grade 3 = crossing at knee in spastic cerebral palsy children. We followed 60 spastic cerebral palsy children over a period of three months on oral antispastic medication and found it very useful to assess response to drug. Intially hip adductor spasticity of grade 3 was observed in 10 %, grade 2- 8.33%, grade 1- 26.66% and 45% patients had no scissoring. After three months of drug therapy improvement was observed as grade 3 seen in 1 %, grade 2 - 7%, grade 1 - 23.33% and patients with no scissoring rose to 63.3%. These observations show that visual method for hip adductor spasticity is a simple and helpful method for grading response to therapeutic intervention.
Effect of Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection in Chronic Low Back Pain due to Prolapse Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Sharma R , Kothari SY , Thukral BB , Chaudhary S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Low back pain (LBP) due to disc herniation is a frequent cause of back pain. It is a debilitating condition having enormous medical and socio-economic effects. Epidural injection of steroids has been used to treat LBP for many decades. Despite widespread use and numerous publications there is significant controversy with regards to the medical necessity and indications for epidural injections, hence we planned this study.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective follow-up study. Forty-one patients of confirmed diagnosis of prolapse intervertebral disc (PIVD) were included. Caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) of 80 mg methylprednisolone acetate diluted in 20 ml of 0.9% saline was given. Outcome was assessed by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Straight Leg Raise (SLR) and Modified Schober Test (MST) at baseline, one, three, six and twelve weeks follow-up.

Results
Thirty-seven patients completed the study. Significant improvement in patient's status was observed after CESI, as measured with MST, SLR, NRS and ODI at one and three weeks post injection and the improvement were maintained till 12th week. Eighty-three per cent of patients were satisfied at the end of the study and side-effects reported were mild.

Conclusion
CESI is a simple, safe and cost effective intervention procedure for the treatment of chronic LBP due to PIVD. It provides rapid pain relief and improvement of physical function starting within a week of injection.
Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women and Its Correlation with Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Zonunsanga C , LNU Hmingthanmawii , Pertin Minggam , Chiru Chongreilen , Nongmaithem Romi Singh , Singh Yengkhom Jotin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the quality of life in postmenopausal women and its correlation with bone mineral density.

Study design
Cross-sectional study.

Duration of the study
October 2012 to September 2014.

Settings
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal.

Study population
Postmenopausal women who attended the department during the study period.

Materials and Methods
Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, a validated brief version of the WHOQOL-100. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan – GE Lunar model.

Results
A total of 125 patients were studied. The mean t-scores in lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter were -2.550 ± 1.209, -1.831 ± 0.921 and -1.621 ± 1.064 respectively. The mean BMD (g/cm2) in lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter were 0.867 ± 0.144, 0.789 ± 0.131 and 0.682 ± 0.139 respectively. The mean overall WHOQOL score was 57.68±10.07. There were statistically significant positive association of WHOQOL score with the BMDs in lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression showed significant relation of overall WHOQOL score with BMD lumbar spine (b=0.229; R2=0.119), BMD femoral neck (b=0.285; R2=0.129), and BMD trochanter (b=0.245; R2=0.119).

Conclusion
BMDs in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter had a positive correlation with quality of life scores. BMD also had a good predictive value in determining the quality of life in postmenopausal women.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica , Borah Diganta , Chethan. C 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHyponatraemia is a known complication associated with neurosurgical conditions including acute spinal injury. The prevalence of hyponatraemia in acute spinal cord injury has been known to be much higher than in the general population. Hyponatraemia is a marker of different underlying diseases and it can be a cause of morbidity itself; this implies the importance of a correct approach to the problem. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatraemia; it is a disorder of sodium and water balance characterised by urinary dilution impairment and euvolaemic/hypotonic hyponatraemia, in the absence of renal disease or any identifiable nonosmotic stimulus able to induce antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. We are reporting a case of hyponatraemia in a patient with lumbar spinal cord injury who was initially managed as any other hyponatraemia and was later diagnosed as suffering from SIADH.
Acquired Flat Foot due to Tibialis Posterior Rupture, a Known Yet Missed Cause
Authors: Mansoor S.N , Qureshi Ahmed Zaheer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRupture of tibialis posterior tendon is a known cause of acquired flat foot but the diagnosis is missed or delayed in most of the cases. It may lead to significant morbidity. We present a case of 13 years old boy with history of blunt trauma to his left foot one year back and presented with pain medial aspect of right foot and difficulty in prolonged walking and running. Clinically he had a flat and hyperpronated foot. His x-rays were normal and MRI revealed partial tear of posterior tibial tendon. He was recommended medial arch support, shoe modification, NSAIDs and referred to orthopedic surgeon for repair. Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction is one of the concealed injuries that require earliest diagnosis and immediate attention, failing which the outcomes can have debilitating effects on patient's quality of life. This is important to prevent foot deformities and long term disability.
Ultrasound: A Screening Tool for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Chandy Bobeena Rachel , Betty M. , Magimairaj Henry Prakash , Thomas Binu P. , Tharion George 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Electrodiagnostic test is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Ultrasonography provides a simple non-invasive means of visualising peripheral nerve pathology.

Objective
The objective of the study was to assess the role of ultrasonography in CTS and its correlation with the present day gold standard of nerve conduction studies (NCS).

Materials and Methods
A prospective cohort size of 100 subjects was calculated based on a hypothesized sensitivity of 90% and a confidence interval of 85-95%. All 100 subjects, 64 controls and 36 patients underwent nerve conduction studies and USG. Transverse images of the median nerve were obtained at three levels: proximal to the carpal tunnel inlet, at the carpal tunnel inlet and at the carpal tunnel outlet. The flattening ratio was also assessed at the tunnel inlet and outlet. Statistical analysis was done to corelate the ultrasound findings at each level with nerve conduction studies and calculation of the positive and negative predictive values. The cut offs of the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the three anatomical levels on ultrasonography were taken at the best sensitivity and specificity according to the ROC curve.

Results
We found that at any one anatomical level, the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect carpal tunnel syndrome by increase in the cross-sectional area of median nerve as compared to the nerve conduction studies is 90%.

Conclusions
At 45% specificity, ultrasonography could be used as a non-invasive and easily available screening tool in carpal tunnel syndrome. Also, the best level to look for nerve compression is at the level of the carpal tunnel inlet.
Prevalence of Upper Limb Neuropathy in Rehabilitated Spinal Cord Injured Patients in South India
Authors: Chatterjee Ahana , Bhide Rohit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionParaplegics with spinal cord injury, independent in activities of daily living (ADL) are known to have upper limb neuropathy due to constant use for mobility and transfers. Additionally architectural barriers, disabled unfriendly public transport, diffi cult terrains and sociocultural barriers in a developing country like India, further adds strain on the upper limbs. Hence, it is important to know the effects of these increased demands in terms of prevalence of peripheral neuropathies in rehabilitated spinal cord injured population from developing countries. In this study we tried to find prevalence of upper limb neuropathy in SCI population in South India.MethodsPatients with spinal cord injury with a neurological level T2 and below, not having any other associated complication of upper limb due to any other disease apart from SCI were recruited in the study. Total 51 patients (45 male and 6 female) out of 183 patients screened, met key inclusion criteria. All the subjects who were recruited in the study underwent electrodiagnostic studies for the median, ulnar and radial nerves (both sensory and motor). The baseline demographic parameters such as time since injury, age, sex, American Spinal Injury Association scale (AIS), vocation, comorbidities and current mode of indoor and outdoor mobility were recorded. The final diagnosis based on electrodiagnostic study of median/ulnar/radial nerve was graded in scale of 0-2 with 0 being normal, 1 being neuropathy of one hand and 2 being involvement of both the hands.ResultsThe scores from demographic data and electrodiagnostic data were accessed and categorical comparison was made between different types of mobility aids and neuropathy (CTS/ulnar/radial). The study showed an overall prevalence of 80% for median neuropathy, 24% for ulnar neuropathy and 16% for radial neuropathy. However, no statistical correlation was found between the use of any particular mobility aid, time since injury, vocation and neuropathy.ConclusionsWe found high prevalence of upper limb compressive neuropathy in the spinal injured population studied, however, due to the small sample size, no statistical signifi cance could be found. We also found carpal tunnel syndrome to be the commonest neuropathy amongst the population especially in the groups that use wheelchair and elbow crutches for mobility.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Early Recovery of Motor Control of Ankle along with Spasticity in Stroke Patients A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Joy AK , Mohes Annada Sankar , Bidyarani Th , Jongkey Aten , Singh L Darendtajit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in acute stroke patients while stimulating only single muscle is not known. The purpose of the study is to find the influence of early neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the motor point of tibialis anterior muscle of the affected limb in achieving early motor control of the ankle with reduction in spasticity in poststroke patients.

Methods
One hundred and thirty-two subjects were selected between 45and 65 years of age and within 2 weeks of the first attack of stroke. They were randomly divided into study and control groups comprising 66 subjects in each group. Study group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation to tibialis anterior muscle of the affected limb, 15 minutes twice daily, 5 days a week up to 3 weeks along with conventional exercise therapy whereas control group received only exercise therapy for that period. Outcome measures include Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity of ankle plantar flexors, motor power of ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors, motor control of ankle joint. They were recorded before starting treatment, after 3 weeks and at 7 weeks following starting the treatment.

Results
Significant improvement of spasticity was noticed after 7 weeks follow-up (p=0.014). Significant improvement also noticed in ankle dorsiflexor motor power (p<0.001), ankle motor control (p=0.007).

Conclusions
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation along with traditional exercise programme is superior to exercise alone for early recovery of ankle motor control, plantar-flexor spasticity and ankle dorsiflexor motor strength.