bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corynebacterium Cell Factory Design and Culture Process Optimization for Muconic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Lee Han-Na , Shin Woo-Shik , Seo Seung-Yeul , Choi Si-Sun , Song Ji-soo , Kim Ji-yeon , Park Ji-Hoon , Lee Dohoon , Kim Sang Yong , Lee Sang Joung , Chun Gie-Taek , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMuconic acid (MA) is a valuable compound for adipic acid production, which is a precursor for the synthesis of various polymers such as plastics, coatings, and nylons. Although MA biosynthesis has been previously reported in several bacteria, the engineered strains were not satisfactory owing to low MA titers. Here, we generated an engineered Corynebacterium cell factory to produce a high titer of MA through 3-dehydroshikimate (DHS) conversion to MA, with heterologous expression of foreign protocatechuate (PCA) decarboxylase genes. To accumulate key intermediates in the MA biosynthetic pathway, aroE (shikimate dehydrogenase gene), pcaG/H (PCA dioxygenase alpha/beta subunit genes) and catB (chloromuconate cycloisomerase gene) were disrupted. To accomplish the conversion of PCA to catechol (CA), a step that is absent in Corynebacterium, a codon-optimized heterologous PCA decarboxylase gene was expressed as a single operon under the strong promoter in a aroE-pcaG/H-catB triple knock-out Corynebacterium strain. This redesigned Corynebacterium, grown in an optimized medium, produced about 38 g/L MA and 54 g/L MA in 7-L and 50-L fed-batch fermentations, respectively. These results show highest levels of MA production demonstrated in Corynebacterium, suggesting that the rational cell factory design of MA biosynthesis could be an alternative way to complement petrochemical-based chemical processes.
Evidence of major secondary organic aerosol contribution to lensing effect black carbon absorption enhancement
Authors: Zhang Yunjiang , Favez Olivier , Canonaco Francesco , Liu Dantong , Močnik Griša , Amodeo Tanguy , Sciare Jean , Prévôt André S. H. , Gros Valérie , Albinet Alexandre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAtmospheric black carbon (BC) has a strong positive, but still controversial, effect on global warming. In particular, BC absorption enhancement (Eabs) due to internal mixing with other chemical species—so-called lensing effect—is poorly assessed. This bottleneck partly relies on the lack of long-term in situ measurements of both the optical and chemical properties of BC-containing particles. Here, we present experimental and computational results showing a significant Eabs increase with the aerosol photochemical aging. This was associated with the production of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosols (SOA), especially at summertime. The 3-year-long continuous aerosol chemical and optical measurements used for the present study was obtained in the Paris region, France, which might be representative of near-future air quality within developing countries. These findings suggest that SOA could represent one of the most critical chemical species to be considered within climate models.
Catalyzed assembly of hollow silver-sulfide cluster through self-releasable anion template
Authors: Nan Zi-Ang , Wang Yu , Chen Zhi-Xin , Yuan Shang-Fu , Tian Zhong-Qun , Wang Quan-Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHollow nanoclusters are intriguing for bridging the gap between small metal-organic cages and hollow nanoparticles and provide enormous opportunities for functional materials. Rational construction of hollow nanoclusters remains a challenge owing to the poor understanding of their formation pathways and difficulties in obtaining the intermediate structures. Here we report a catalyzed assembly strategy to construct hollow silver–sulfide clusters using a self-releasable carbonate template. The hollow Ag56 cluster and the carbonate-templated Ag33 intermediate are characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Combining this data with a time-dependent UV-Vis spectroscopic investigation, we reveal the catalyst-like behavior of the self-releasable carbonate template and propose the corresponding mechanism. The assembly of hollow clusters using a self-releasable template may provide insight into understanding the formation mechanisms of other hollow nanoclusters and facilitate the design and construction of new hollow nanoclusters.
Ultrathin, lightweight and flexible perovskite solar cells with an excellent power-per-weight performance
Authors: Kang Saewon , Jeong Jaeki , Cho Seungse , Yoon Yung Jin , Park Seungyoung , Lim Seongdong , Kim Jin Young , Ko Hyunhyub 
Published: December 2018

Ultralight and flexible perovskite solar cells with the orthogonal AgNW electrodes exhibit an excellent power-per-weight of 29.4 W g−1.
Methionine synthase A2756G polymorphism influences pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Li-Min , Yang Hai-Ping , Yang Xue-Wen , Ruan Lin-Hai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPlenty of studies have investigated the effect of methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphism on risk of developing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the available results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to pediatric ALL. The PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Wanfang Databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched to identify all the previous published studies exploring the relationship between MTR A2756G polymorphism and pediatric ALL risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the strength of association. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also systematically assessed. This meta-analysis finally included ten available studies with 3224 ALL cases and 4077 matched controls. The results showed that there was significant association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and risk of pediatric ALL in overall population (AG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.02–1.26, P = 0.02; AG+GG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.02–1.25, P = 0.01; G allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.01–1.20, P = 0.03). In the stratification analyses by ethnicity, quality score and control source, significant association was found in Caucasians, population-based designed studies and studies assigned as high quality. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that MTR A2756G polymorphism may influence the development risk of pediatric ALL in Caucasians. Future large scale and well-designed studies are required to validate our findings.
Spectral and temporal variability of Earth observed in polarization
Authors: Sterzik Michael F. , Bagnulo Stefano , Stam Daphne M. , Emde Claudia , Manev Mihail 
Published: December 2018

Context. Earthshine, i.e., sunlight scattered by Earth and back-reflected from the lunar surface to Earth, allows observations of the total flux and polarization of Earth with ground-based astronomical facilities on timescales from minutes to years. Like flux spectra, polarization spectra exhibit imprints of the atmospheric and surface properties of Earth. Earth’s polarization spectra may prove an important benchmark to constrain expected biosignatures of Earth-like planets observed with future telescopes.
Aims. We derive the polarimetric phase curve of Earth from a statistically significant sample of Earthshine polarization spectra. The impact of changing Earth views on the variation of polarization spectra is investigated.
Methods. We present a comprehensive set of spectropolarimetric observations of Earthshine as obtained by FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for phase angles from 50° to 135° (Sun–Earth–Moon angle), covering a spectral range from 4300 to 9200 Å. The degree of polarization in the B, V, R, I passbands, the differential polarization vegetation index, and the equivalent width of the O2-A polarization band around 7600 Å are determined with absolute errors around 0.1% in the degree of polarization. Earthshine polarization spectra are corrected for the effect of depolarization introduced by backscattering on the lunar surface, introducing systematic errors on the order of 1% in the degree of polarization.
Results. Distinct viewing sceneries such as observing the Atlantic or Pacific side in Earthshine yield statistically different phase curves. The equivalent width defined for the O2-A band polarization is found to vary from −50 to +20 Å. A differential polarized vegetation index is introduced and reveals a larger vegetation signal for those viewing sceneries that contain larger fractions of vegetated surface areas. We corroborate the observed correlations with theoretical models from the literature, and conclude that the vegetation red edge (VRE) is a robust and sensitive signature in polarization spectra of planet Earth.
Conclusions. The overall behavior of polarization of planet Earth in the continuum and in the O2-A band can be explained by existing models. Biosignatures such as the O2-A band and the VRE are detectable in Earthshine polarization with a high degree of significance and sensitivity. An in-depth understanding of the temporal and spectral variability of Earthshine requires improved models of Earth’s biosphere, as a prerequisite to interpreting possible detections of polarized biosignatures in Earth-like exoplanets in the future.
Fallbeispiele einer Intoxikation mit Palytoxinen
Authors: von Fabeck Katharina , Schmitt Corinne , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungPalytoxine, die in Korallen vorkommen und unter anderem durch Dinoflagellaten synthetisiert werden, wirken bei Exponierten über einen Eingriff in die Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe und führen somit zu einer Änderung des Konzentrationsgradienten zwischen intra- und extrazellulärem Raum. Die Symptomatik kann aus Atemnot, Übelkeit und Erbrechen, Kopfschmerzen, Tachykardie und EKG-Veränderungen, aber auch aus Ulzerationen der Hornhaut bestehen. Die symptomatische Therapie setzt sich zusammen aus inhalativen Bronchodilatatoren, evtl. Infusion und Schmerztherapie, Antibiotikatherapie bei Infizierung der Schnittwunden, Vorstellung beim Augenarzt und Behandlung mit Vitamin-A-haltigen sowie antibiotischen Augentropfen. Um eine Exposition mit Palytoxinen zu vermeiden, gilt es, entweder auf Korallen im Aquarium zu verzichten oder bereits vorhandene Korallen nicht aus dem Aquarium zu entfernen.
Psychische Krankheit – ein Mehrregionenbegriff
Authors: Häfner Heinz 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychische Krankheit ist ein Mehrregionenbegriff. Der spezifische Krankheitsbegriff klärt, was für Krankheiten es überhaupt gibt. Sie warden mit Diagnosen klassifiziert, die optimal auf disjunktive körperliche, neurobiologische oder genetische Befunde (Erbkrankheiten) gründen. Eine solche biologische Grundlage für die überwiegende Zahl psychischer Krankheiten existiert aber nicht oder noch nicht. Krankheiten ohne bekannte Ursache werden deshalb durch eine Gruppe von Symptomen definiert, die überzufällig gemeinsam auftreten und gemeinsam eine bestimmte Verlaufsform aufweisen.Hinter dem spezifischen steht ein allgemeiner Krankheitsbegriff, der sowohl in der allgemeinen Lebenswelt als auch hinter den regionalen Krankheitsbegriffen relevant ist. Er definiert unabhängig von Diagnose, was Krankheit überhaupt ist. Im alltäglichen Leben können wir unser Kranksein meist unmittelbar wahrnehmen, auch wenn wir zunächst nicht wissen, woran wir eigentlich leiden. Wahrnehmbare Merkmale psychischer Krankheit sind beispielsweise Schmerz, Fieber, körperliche Schwäche, Missstimmung, Depressivität, Schlafstörung und kognitive und andere funktionelle Leistungsdefizite. Viele Krankheiten beginnen mit einem Prodromalstadium, das mit ersten Krankheitszeichen einhergehen kann, noch bevor das Auftreten einer hinreichenden Zahl charakteristischer Symptome eine Diagnose erlaubt.Krankheit ist üblicherweise ein fortschreitendes Geschehen. Sie hat einen Verlauf zu Verschlechterung, Besserung, zur Heilung oder zum fatalen Ende. Syndrome, die keinerlei Veränderung in der Zeit aufweisen, nennt man nicht mehr Krankheit, sondern Persönlichkeitsstörungen oder Behinderungen (z. B. geistige Behinderung) – früher auch Gebrechen genannt – meist kognitiver Natur.Regionale Begriffe von psychischer Krankheit sind der lebensweltlich verankerte allgemeine Begriff von Kranksein und der medizinische oder spezifische Krankheitsbegriff, der in erster Linie die Definitionen der einzelnen Krankheiten als Diagnosen umfasst. Auch die soziale und juristische Region von psychischer Krankheit werden erläutert.
Peripheral Insulin Extraction in Non-Diabetic Subjects and Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: van Raalte Daniël H. , van der Palen Eva , Idema Pauline , Wong Liza , Keet Sander W. M. , Vlot Mariska , Tukkie Raymond , van Vlies Bob , Serné Erik H. , ten Kate Reinier W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background Insulin has to be transported across the capillary endothelium
to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. We investigated insulin uptake from the
peripheral circulation in non-diabetic (ND) individuals and in type 2 diabetes
(T2D) patients.
Methods Single-center cross-sectional study involving 40 ND (age
65±11 years) and 30 T2D patients (age 67±8 years). Thirty-six
participants were studied in the fasted state (22 ND subjects and 14 T2D
patients termed NDF and T2DF) and 34 participants 1-h following a glucose
challenge (18 ND subjects and 16 T2D patients indicated as NDG and T2DG). Main
outcome measure was fractional extraction (FE) of insulin (FEins)
and glucose using the forearm balance method.
Results In NDF, FEins was 18 (10–26) % at lower insulin levels
(63 51–80] pmol/l), while in NDG at higher insulin levels (776
[543–1176] pmol/l), FEins was 9 (4–16) % (p = 0.01 vs. NDF). In
NDF only, a negative correlation was observed between FEins
and arterial plasma insulin load (rho = − 0.575;p = 0.006) and
fasting plasma glucose levels (rho = − 0.551;p = 0.01). In T2DF
FEins was 6 (1–19) % and not different from FEins in T2DG (10
2–14) %), and was not associated to fasting glucose. FEins
tended to be higher in NDF compared to T2DF (p = 0.07).
Discussion We propose that in ND individuals, besides passive
diffusion, an active high-affinity pathway with limited capacity
around lower physiologic insulin levels exists for insulin
transendothelial transport, contributing to glycemic control.
In T2D patients, this mechanism of peripheral insulin uptake is
diminished or even absent. Modulation of insulin extraction
from the circulation may be a novel target to improve glucose
metabolism in T2D.
Evaluation of the Histomorphological and Toxicological Changes in Rodents after treatment with Hydroethanolic Extract of the Secamone Afzelii Aerial Parts
Authors: Mbaka G. , Akala T. 
Published: December 2018

Objective To evaluate the histomorphological and toxicological changes in rodents after treatment with hydroethanolic extract of the Secamone afzelii aerial parts.
Materials and Methods An acute toxicity study on Swiss albino mice of both sexes was performed. Administration of a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg −1 of body weight (bwt) of S. afzelii extract by gavages to 5 mice showed no mortality; hence, a 1/10th dose was used as the highest therapeutic dose. The intra-peritoneal administration produced dose-dependent mortality, with median lethal dose (LD50) being ∼ 281.8 mg/kg −1. In a subacute toxicity study, Wistar rats received daily administration of the extract in the dose range of 50 to 200 mg/kg bwt for 35 days. Its effects on histological, biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated.
Results There was an initial body weight decrease in all the treated animals in the first 7 days. Thereafter, increase in body weight was observed. The treated animals also exhibited organ weight increase when compared with the control. Statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in the extract treated animals, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed a statistically insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) increase when compared with the control. Total plasma protein (TPP) and albumin (ALB) also exhibited insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) increases, while total bilirubin (T. BIL) decreased compared with the control. Insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) changes also occurred in the plasma creatinine and urea levels in the extract treated animals when compared with the control group. The liver tissue histology showed no hepatocellular damage. However, inflammatory changes occurred in the testicular tissue, in which a quantitative decrease in spermatogenic cells was observed due to extensive cellular necrosis, leaving only the basement layer of the seminiferous tubules.
Conclusion S. afzelii exhibited a high safety margin, an indication that it is safe for consumption. However, after chronic administration, it caused undesirable effect in the testes that could compromise its fertility function.
Is Early Compression Therapy after Perforator Flap Safe and Reliable?
Authors: Suh Hyunsuk , Jeong Hyung Hwa , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: December 2018

Background Due to the concern of circulation compromise, many surgeons hesitate to dangle or challenge the flap in the early postoperative phase. In our experience, early compression may have advantages such as collapse of dead space, evacuation of hematoma, reduction of edema, and stabilization of flap when ambulating. In this study, the effect of early compression of flaps with regard to flap physiology and outcome is evaluated.
Methods From postoperative day 3 to 5, a custom-made compression garment was fitted aiming to compress with a pressure of 30 to 35 mmHg. A total of 52 patients (52 flaps) were enrolled for the study and 48 flaps underwent early compression. The compression was applied not only over the flap but also over the extremity or trunk. The flap outcome as well as flow velocity and flow volume of the pedicle before and after compression was measured and evaluated.
Results There was no flap complication during the early compression and early ambulation. And, there was no statistical difference either in the flow velocity or in the volume before and after the compression therapy (29.21 vs. 29.42 cm/s and 7.13 vs. 6.56 cm3/s, respectively).
Conclusion Early compression with a 30-mmHg pressure customized pressure garment after the flap surgery does not affect the hemodynamics of the perforator and can be safely used after extremity reconstruction before ambulation.
Nonimmersive Brain Gaming for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sood Pallavi , Kletzel Sandra L , Krishnan Shilpa , Devos Hannes , Negm Ahmed , Hoffecker Lilian , Machtinger Joseph , Hu Xiaolei , Heyn Patricia C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Technological advances have allowed a variety of computerized cognitive training tools to be engineered in ways that are fun and entertaining yet challenging at a level that can maintain motivation and engagement. This revolution has created an opportunity for gerontological scientists to evaluate brain gaming approaches to improve cognitive and everyday function. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a critical overview of the existing literature on nonimmersive, electronic brain gaming interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.

Research Design and Methods
Systematic search was conducted using 7 electronic databases from inception through July 2017. A comprehensive 2-level eligibility process was used to identify studies for inclusion based on PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Seventeen studies met eligibility criteria. Majority of the studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 13) and incorporated an active control (n = 9). Intervention doses ranged from 4 to 24 weeks in duration with an average of 8.4 (±5.1 standard deviation [SD]) weeks. Session durations ranged from 30 to 100 min with an average of 54 (±25 SD) minutes. Nearly half of studies included a follow-up, ranging from 3 months to 5 years (n = 8). For most studies, brain gaming improved at least one cognitive outcome (n = 12); only one study reported improvement in activities of daily living.

Discussion and Implications
This scoping review conveys the breadth of an emerging research field, which will help guide future research to develop standards and recommendations for brain gaming interventions which are currently lacking.
Using a holistic health approach to achieve weight-loss maintenance: results from the Spirited Life intervention
Authors: Proeschold-Bell Rae Jean , Steinberg Dori M , Yao Jia , Eagle David E , Smith Timothy W , Cai Grace Y , Turner Elizabeth L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Weight-loss maintenance is essential to sustain the health benefits of weight loss. Studies with lower intensity intervention supports under real-world conditions are lacking. This study examined changes in weight and cardiometabolic biomarkers among Spirited Life participants following initial 12-month weight loss at 12–24 months and 24–42 months. A total of 719 clergy received a wellness intervention, including a 10-week online weight-loss program in the first 12 months and monthly health coaching throughout 24 months. Mean changes in weight, blood pressure, high-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides were estimated using random effects linear models, accounting for repeated measures. Weight was additionally analyzed in subsamples stratified by body mass index (BMI). At baseline, 17.1% of participants had BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 and 11.8% had BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. Mean 12-month weight loss was −2.4 kg (95% CI: −2.8 kg, −2.1 kg). On average, at 42 months, participants regained weight but did not exceed baseline (−0.5 kg, 95% CI: −1.2 kg, 0.2 kg), improvements in triglycerides were completely sustained (−13.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: −18.6 mg/dL, −9.2 mg/dL), and systolic blood pressure improvements remained significant (−1.9 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.0 mmHg, −0.9 mmHg). Participants with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 lost significantly more weight that was sustained at 42 months (−5.8 kg, 95% CI: −8.9 kg, −2.7 kg). The Spirited Life wellness intervention produced weight loss and, for participants with higher levels of obesity, sustained weight-loss maintenance. The intervention was effective for long-term prevention of weight gain among participants with BMI of 25 to ≤40 kg/m2, through 42 months. Wellness interventions such as Spirited Life should be considered for adoption.
Effects of Instruction on Parent Competency During Infant Handling in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Byrne Eilish M. , Sweeney Jane K. , Schwartz Nancy , Umphred Darcy , Constantinou Janet 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 3 different methods for delivering instruction on infant handling to parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods:
Ninety-six parents in the NICU received instruction. Parents were taught the same 3 infant-handling techniques after random assignment to the (1) direct, (2) video, or (3) written-pictorial instructional groups. After baseline competency assessment, parents received instruction according to their group. A masked evaluator assessed parent performance, and parents rated instructional effectiveness.

Results:
All groups significantly improved handling performance. The direct and video groups performed 2 handling activities significantly better than the written-pictorial group. No significant differences were found between the direct and video groups. All groups perceived the instruction as effective.

Conclusions:
Direct and video instructions are equally effective in teaching parents to perform simple whole motor tasks in the NICU, and parents welcome the instruction.