bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Vandenhole Wouter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In strong definitions, sustainable development has been argued to imply the prevalence of the environmental dimension over the economic one. The prioritization of the environmental (planet) and (arguably also the) social (people) pillar over the economic (profit) one may require a rather radical departure from assumptions of economic growth, including zero-growth or even de-growth, as argued in post-growth or ecological economics. This article asks the “what if” question. What if unorthodox, ecological economics got it right that post-growth or growth agnosticism is the new economic norm? What are the implications for human rights law and for the field of human rights and development? How could poverty alleviation look like in a growth agnostic scenario? The objective of this article is to draw out in an exploratory way some of the implications of strong definitions of sustainable development for human rights law and its relevance for development. At first, this intellectual exercise may look irrelevant or even cynical in the context of Africa, where more than 40% of the population, more than 300 million people, live in poverty. However, I see two major reasons for also debating in an African context the implications of growth agnosticism for human rights law. First, economic growth does not necessarily lead to economic development, let alone human development, and has typically come at a huge environmental cost. Alternative approaches that focus more directly on human well-being and ecological sustainability may help avoid a simple mimicking of the historical development of the global North. Second, ecological economics shifts the attention from growth to redistribution. The latter is a key challenge within Africa and within African countries, as well as from a global perspective. I examine how to factor in the consequences of post-growth or doughnut economics in the conceptual analysis of socio-economic human rights, and in the role of human rights law in development (cooperation), globally and nationally. In particular, I will try and set a research agenda on two issues that require further examination: the redefinition of obligations of international assistance and cooperation in human rights law and the reconceptualization of equality towards redistributive equality in human rights-based development cooperation interventions.
Structure of a bat community in the xerophytic Caatinga of the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Soares Fábio A.M. , da Rocha Patrício A. , Bocchiglieri Adriana , Ferrari Stephen F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Caatinga, a Brazilian biome that covers an area of 740,000 km2, is characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions with high temperatures and irregular rains throughout the year. The present study verified the structure of the local bat community and the seasonal variation in the abundance of bats and their diversity. We sampled four points on Serra dos Macacos and Serra de Antenor, in the municipality of Tobias Barreto, Sergipe. Field campaigns were conducted monthly between February and November 2011 in the region of the Serra dos Macacos, with the same sampling effort being applied in the dry and rainy seasons. A total sampling effort of 95,040 m2⋅h resulted in the capture of 104 specimens, representing 15 species belonging to the families Phyllostomidae (12 sp.), Vespertilionidae (2 sp.) and Mormoopidae (1 sp.). The Jackknife 1 estimate indicated the occurrence of 21.3±2.07 species in the study area. There was no difference in species diversity between the two stations (t=0.65, p=0.51). The guild of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats were the most abundant in both seasons, and most representative in the rainy season. Significant seasonal difference was found in the abundance of bats between the dry and rainy seasons (χ2=16.96; df=1; p<0.05). The results were consistent with other Caatinga studies in terms of species richness and diversity, and community structure, with a predominance of nectarivorous bats and seasonal variation in the community structure.
Contractual Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Zhou Yan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Accompanying the rise of China in the world economy, intellectual property right protection comes to be the major issue apropos of international trade disputes in recent years. This paper, adopting the transaction costs paradigm and applying the contract theory, investigates and examines a form of contractual protection effectuated by market forces. The study shows that the contractual arrangement constituted by joint venture agreement with offsetting contractual arrangement is a form of intellectual property right protection driven by market forces. This contractual arrangement, though arising under the state policy of joint venture control, functions as an effective protection of intellectual property rights by fully pricing and protecting such hardly enforceable rights.
Crystal structure of 2,12-dibromo-5,15-dihexyl-5,15-dihydrobenzo [1,2-b:5,6-c′]dicarbazole, C38H38Br2N2
Authors: Feng Ying , Guo Wei , Liu Zhi , Luo Xinyu , Zhang Dingchao , Li Li , Hu Zhenhao 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C38H38Br2N2, triclinic, P1̄, a = 8.2069(11) Å, b = 11.9435(15) Å, c = 16.817(2) Å, α = 90.119(1)°, β = 97.992(1)°, γ = 106.995(1)°, V = 1559.5(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1025, T = 130(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-H-1,3-(2-methyl-imdazol)-κN}-dithiocyano-κN-zinc(II) C24H22N12S2Zn
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Zhao Yao-Min , He Fang , Li Hui , Wang Hong-Fang , Li Ying-Hua 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C24H22N12S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 27.6123(9) Å, b = 9.6238(4) Å, c = 21.1748(8) Å, β = 101.088(4)°, Z = 8, V = 5521.8(4) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1047, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[μ3-hydroxy-(μ5-(5-(2-carboxylatophenoxy)isophthalato-κ6
O
1:O
2:O
3:O
4:O
5,O
6)-(μ2-1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ2
N:N′)dicobalt(II)] hemihydrate, C25H22Co2N4O8.5
Authors: Zhao Ganlin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C25H22Co2N4O8.5, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 19.046(3) Å, b = 45.458(6) Å, c = 11.4233(16) Å, V = 9890(2) Å3, Z = 16, R
gt(F) = 0.0339, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0618, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrophenol, C8H8N2O5
Authors: Shaomin Xue , Jianlong Wang , Fanfan Shen , Chuangang Liu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C8H8N2O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.7951(12) Å, b = 8.1053(9) Å, c = 10.8626(9) Å, β = 100.371(4)°, V = 934.92(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0686, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1382, T = 293(2) K.
A numerical analysis of calendering of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid
Authors: Atif Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Javed Muhammad Asif , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We investigate the effects of non-Newtonian parameters on the exiting sheet thickness in the calendering of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid. The governing equations are first converted into dimensionless form and then simplified under lubrication approximation theory. A complete numerical approach is developed based on Matlab built-in routine “bvp4c” in order to obtain stream function and pressure gradient. The pressure is computed using Runge-Kutta method. The effects of involved material parameters on various quantities of interest are highlighted through graphs. The results indicate that Oldroyd 4-constant model predicts lower pressure in the nip region than that of the Newtonian model. The force and power for Oldroyd 4-constant model are also lower than their counterparts for Newtonian model. Moreover, the leave-off distance is nearly independent of the material parameters of the Oldroyd 4-constant model for larger value of the entering sheet thickness.
Recent Improvements in the Use, Interpretation, and Applications of DMT and SDMT in Practice
Authors: Marchetti Silvano , Monaco Paola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article presents an overview of the current trends and ongoing developments in the use, interpretation, and application of the flat dilatometer (DMT) and the seismic dilatometer (SDMT) to site characterization and geotechnical design. In particular, the following issues are specifically addressed: the sensitivity of DMT to stress history, combined use of DMT and the cone/piezocone penetration test (in-situ multi-parameter/multi-test approach), estimating overconsolidation ratio and K0 in sand, DMT interpretation in partially draining niche silts and in non-textbook soils, interrelationship small/operative strain stiffness and in situ stiffness decay curves using SDMT, and liquefaction assessment.
Walk-through Metal Detector Testing and the Need to Emulate Natural Body Motion
Authors: Larson Donald R. , Paulter Nicholas G. , Troje Nikolaus F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The detection performance of a walk-through metal detector (WTMD) is affected not only by the electromagnetic properties and size and shape of the test objects, but potentially also by the type of motion of the test object through the portal of the WTMD. This motion, it has been argued, can contribute to the uncertainty in detecting threat objects being carried through the WTMD. Typical laboratory-based testing uses a robotic system, or similar, to push a test object through the portal with a trajectory that is a straight line and has a constant velocity. This testing, although reproducible and accurate, does not test for those trajectories the are representative of natural body motion. We report the effects of nonrectilinear trajectories on the detection performance of WTMDs.
Asztmás betegek életminőségének változása komplex rehabilitációs kezelés után
Authors: Müller Anetta , Balatoni Ildikó , Csernoch László , Bács Zoltán , Bíró Melinda , Bendíková Elena , Pesti Anna , Bácsné Bába Éva 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Asthma is a serious public health challenge for all age groups around the world. Heightened attention surrounds the use of the natural therapeutic factors that potentially make medication more cost-efficient in the treatment of diseases. Our research has tried to reveal how the medical conditions, quality of life of asthmatic patients change after medical treatments that are accompanied by climate therapy. Asthma patients (514 patients) participated in a 3-week complex therapy at Mátra Health Resort. Beyond medical examinations and treatments, patients were involved in breathing exercises on the curing terraces or outdoors twice a day, they were to attend the rehabilitative physical exercises led by a physiotherapist once a day, were given dietetic and lifestyle advice and provided with diets that were fitted to their individual medical conditions. Their respiratory function was examined before the commencement of the cure as well as after the therapy just before departing from the institution. The patients’ exercise capacities were assessed with the 6-minute walk test before the treatment and then 3 weeks later. For the patients, a questionnaire was compiled to reveal information in relation to their conditions in the first 6 months after leaving the institution. Our results show that values of respiratory function in the sample and 6-minute walk test significantly improved with the treatment. After leaving the institute, the results of the Asthma Control Test in the 1st month after treatment revealed a significantly better quality of life and better control-level of patients than after the 3rd month. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(27): 1103–1112.
Az elhízás addiktív modellje: pszichoneurobiológiai összefüggések
Authors: Resch Mária 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Among the various etiological theories (e.g., psychosomatic stress) the addictive model of obesity has also been described. Those suffering from eating disorders triggered by emotional causes (in consequence of the reward system) tend to grab a snack mostly out of happiness. The aim of the present study was to examine the addictive model of obesity so that the relationships identified here could help provide more accurate treatments to those suffering from being overweight. This study identifies the anatomical, neurobiological and psychic relationships between the etiological factors from the aspect of the addictive model of obesity so that further logical relationships could be confirmed based on the conclusions drawn here. Another system participating in energy homeostasis besides the rewarding or dopamine controlling circles is the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system. The effects and efficiency of these systems can be modified by different biological factors and molecules. By exploring these neurobiochemical processes it may become understandable why someone who is not hungry will eat and have a tendency to overeat while others will not and why someone is unable to lose weight permanently without relapse. Therefore in the light of the findings further opportunities for intervention and treatment could be identified (with drugs or by psychotherapy) which would allow us to develop more sophisticated and tailor-made therapeutic solutions for the clinical picture of obesity as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(27): 1095–1102.
Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) dari Biosintesis Ekstrak Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp.
Authors: Sari Rodiah Nurbaya , Chasanah Ekowati , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: June 2018

Pemanfaatan rumput laut untuk disintesis secara biologi (biosintesis) menjadi nanopartikel logam telah banyak dilakukan sebagai alternatif produksi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan nanopartikel seng oksida (ZnO) melalui biosintesis ekstrak rumput laut coklat Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. dengan menggunakan prekursor zink nitrat 10 mM pada variasi pH larutan 8-12. Analisis meliputi gugus fungsi, distribusi ukuran partikel, morfologi, dan kristalinitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gugus fungsi hidroksil dan sulfat polisakarida berperan dalam proses reduksi kation Zn2+ membentuk nanopartikel ZnO sedangkan protein untuk kestabilan nano-partikel. Nanopartikel ZnO dari biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. masing-masing menghasilkan rata-rata ukuran partikel berkisar antara 1.396,53-3.090,50 dan 655,91-3.253,06 nm. Distribusi ukuran sudah homogen namun belum memenuhi besaran ukuran nanometer. Rata-rata ukuran partikel terkecil terdapat pada pH 10 dan 9. Kisaran % mass elemen Zn dan O nanopartikel ZnO biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. yang mirip standar adalah pada pH 10 yaitu 95,98% dan 4,02% sedangkan dari ekstrak Padina sp. pada pH 9 dengan 94,67% dan 5,33%. Struktur kristalinitas menunjukkan ZnO biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. pada pH 8-11 dan Padina sp. pada pH 9 hampir seluruhnya memiliki puncak dengan nilai sudut 2q yang hampir sama, dan setelah dikonfirmasi dengan program Match! 3 menunjukkan struktur kristal ZnO wurtzit berbentuk heksagonal. Perlakuan terbaik ZnO biosintesis dari ekstrak Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. adalah pada kondisi pH 10 dan 9.
İslam ve Hristiyanlıkta Tanrı Kavramı
Authors: MALKOÇ Mehmet 
Published: July 2018

Çeviride Hristiyanlık ile İslam'da Tanrı Kavranı üzerine Hristiyan Teolog Prof. Dr. William Lane Craig'a ait bir değerlendirilmesi ele alınmıştır. Çeviri bir Hristiyan Teoloğun konuya bakışını göstermesi açsından kayda değerdir.
Mujeres y organización comunitaria. El caso de las palmeadoras de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Ortega Ortega Tomás , Núñez Espinoza Juan Felipe , Vázquez García Verónica , Vizcarra Bordi Ivonne , Sesia Paola María , Flores Sánchez Diego 
Published: June 2018

Las mujeres indígenas de México construyen dinámicas organizacionales que les permiten garantizar la sobrevivencia familiar. Este artículo identifica los beneficios individuales y colectivos de los procesos organizativos en los cuales se involucran las mujeres dedicadas a la elaboración de tortilla artesanal para autoconsumo y venta que integran la Unión de Palmeadoras de la Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, México. La información se obtuvo de mayo de 2015 a enero de 2017, a través de una estrategia metodológica mixta que involucró entrevistas, talleres, observación participante, registros de ventas a lo largo de 20 días y un censo de toda la organización. Los beneficios individuales fueron dos: la garantía de tener sitios de venta; la posibilidad del trueque en el mercado. Los beneficios colectivos fueron tres: disponibilidad diaria de tortillas artesanales, dinamización de la economía local; permanencia del oficio de palmeadora. Se concluye que el gremio se creó debido a la discriminación que enfrentan estas mujeres. Sin embargo, aún falta mucho por hacer ya que sus espacios de venta son incómodos y sus condiciones de trabajo siguen siendo precarias.
Abstract
Native women in Mexico engage in organizing dynamics that allow them to provide for their families. This paper identifies the individual and collective benefits of organizational processes for the women who belong to the Unión de Palmeadoras de la Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico. These women make handmade tortillas for household consumption and sale. Data were obtained between May 2015 and January 2017 through a combination of fieldwork techniques: interviews, workshops, participant observation, sale registers during a 20-day period, and a census of the whole organization. Two individual benefits were identified: guaranteed selling spots; barter opportunities while at the market. Three collective benefits were identified: daily availability of handmade tortillas; the mobilization of the local economy; the permanence of the palmeadora trade. The paper concludes that the organization was created due to the discrimination faced by these women. However, a lot remains to be done since their selling spots are inappropriate and their working conditions continue to be precarious.
Gestión del agua en Azuay: base de la organización rural y la trascendencia hacia la incidencia nacional
Authors: Pila Paola Viviana 
Published: June 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la organización social para la gestión del agua de consumo humano ha conservado la identidad comunitaria del territorio rural en el Azuay y ha sido la base para que esta organización rural localizada trascienda hacia el nivel nacional a través de sus líderes y sus discursos. Se parte del concepto de territorio como producto de la acción de los seres humanos y sus dinámicas que devienen en procesos sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos que adquieren dimensiones simbólicas tales como la identidad territorial y la concepción de lo comunitario. La metodología usada para el levantamiento y análisis de la información fue cualitativa, lo que permitió analizar los discursos de los sujetos y sus significados con base en entrevistas y grupos focales, generando evidencia de que la gestión del agua evolucionó desde un estado tradicional aislado, hasta un estado de organización local con incidencia nacional. Esto ha permitido llevar las características de lo comunitario hacia la organización de tercer grado. Se puede decir que la gestión del agua puede ser la base del mantenimiento de la organización rural, sin que ello implique ubicarse únicamente en dicha esfera, sino trascender hacia la presencia organizativa y política nacional.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze how the social organization for management of water intended for human consumption has maintained the community identity of the rural territory in Azuay and has been as well the basis for the transcendence of this rural organization to the national level through the presence of community leaders and their discourse. The article assumes the territory as a result of human actions carried out through dynamics that become social, cultural, economic and political processes and acquire symbolic dimensions such as territorial identity and the conception of the community. The qualitative methodology that has been used for the gathering and analysis of information, made it possible to examine the discourses of the subjects and their meanings based on interviews and focal groups, generating evidence that water management has evolved from a traditional isolated state to a state of local organization with nationwide significance. This has made it possible to bring the community characteristics to a third-grade organization. As a conclusion, we propose that water management not only may be the basis for the maintenance of rural organization, which shall not imply remaining in this area, but also is able to transcend to the national political and organizational presence.
Continuidad y renovación en la acción colectiva de los ganaderos familiares del litoral noroeste de Uruguay
Authors: Courdin Máximo Virginia , Sabourin Eric 
Published: June 2018

La ganadería uruguaya ha brindado la imagen de productores independientes, aislados en explotaciones dispersas, sin organizaciones o colectivos que los agrupen. Sin embargo, es frecuente que los ganaderos familiares estén integrados a una o varias formas de colectivos de diversa naturaleza. Las transformaciones de los últimos años han desafiado a los Gobiernos de izquierda a encontrar herramientas adecuadas para aplicar políticas y apoyos diferenciales a ganaderos familiares, que permitan mejorar su competitividad y sostenibilidad. Una de ellas ha sido fomentar procesos asociativos, como eje transversal. Este estudio identifica y clasifica formas de acción colectiva existentes en el litoral noroeste del país, analizando los procesos a través de los cuales los individuos se implican en la acción colectiva. Mediante la consulta de fuentes secundarias y la realización de entrevistas, se identificaron cuatro formas de acción colectiva. Con base en ellas se observó que, para los ganaderos familiares, pasar de la acción individual a la colectiva fortalece los procesos de construcción de capital social, generando un ambiente favorable para que los involucrados mejoren sus condiciones económicas y sociales, e incluso modifiquen su situación de “debilidad” organizativa.
AbstractUruguayan cattle raising has provided the image of independent cattle farmers, isolated in scattered exploitations, without organizations or groups. However, reality shows that it is common for family cattle farmers to be integrated into one or several forms of groups of diverse nature. The transformations that have occurred in recent years have challenged left Governments to find the right tools to apply policies and differential support to family cattle farmers, which allows them to improve their competitiveness and sustainability. One of the strategies is the promotion of associative processes as a transversal axis. This study identifies and classifies existing forms of collectives in the northwest coast of the country, analyzing the processes through which individuals are involved in collective action. The identification of four types of collective action is the result of the review of secondary sources and the interviews conducted. This reveals that, for family cattle farmers, moving from individual to collective action strengthens the processes of building social capital, generating a favorable environment for those involved to improve their economic and social conditions, and even modify their organizational "weakness" situation.