bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized angiotensin-converting enzyme activity assay for the accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis
Authors: Csongrádi Alexandra , Enyedi Attila , Takács István , Végh Tamás , Mányiné Ivetta S. , Pólik Zsófia , Altorjay István Tibor , Balla József , Balla György , Édes István , Kappelmayer János , Tóth Attila , Papp Zoltán , Fagyas Miklós 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity determination can aid the early diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We aimed to optimize a fluorescent kinetic assay for ACE activity by screening the confounding effects of endogenous ACE inhibitors and interfering factors. Genotype-dependent and genotype-independent reference values of ACE activity were established, and their diagnostic accuracies were validated in a clinical study.Methods:Internally quenched fluorescent substrate, Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH was used for ACE-activity measurements. A total of 201 healthy individuals and 59 presumably sarcoidotic patients were enrolled into this study. ACE activity and insertion/deletion (I/D) genotype of theACEgene were determined.Results:Here we report that serum samples should be diluted at least 35-fold to eliminate the endogenous inhibitor effect of albumin. No significant interferences were detected: up to a triglyceride concentration of 16 mM, a hemoglobin concentration of 0.71 g/L and a bilirubin concentration of 150 μM. Genotype-dependent reference intervals were considered as 3.76–11.25 U/L, 5.22–11.59 U/L, 7.19–14.84 U/L forII,IDandDDgenotypes, respectively.I/Dgenotype-independent reference interval was established as 4.85–13.79 U/L. An ACE activity value was considered positive for sarcoidosis when it exceeded the upper limit of the reference interval. The optimized assay with genotype-dependent reference ranges resulted in 42.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 32.4% negative predictive value in the clinical study, whereas the genotype-independent reference range proved to have inferior diagnostic efficiency.Conclusions:An optimized fluorescent kinetic assay of serum ACE activity combined withACE I/Dgenotype determination is an alternative to invasive biopsy for confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a significant percentage of patients.
Inhibitory effect of Atlas cedar essential oil on the corrosion of steel in 1 m HCl
Authors: Idouhli Rachid , Oukhrib Abdelouahd , Koumya Yassine , Abouelfida Abdesselam , Benyaich Abdelaziz , Benharref Ahmed 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe inhibition efficiency of Atlas cedar essential oil (ACEO) as a green corrosion inhibitor on steel in 1mhydrochloric acidic was studied. The effects of temperature and the concentration of the ACEO inhibitor on the inhibition efficiency were studied. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to test the performance of the inhibitor. We found that the inhibition efficiency of ACEO exceeded 88% at 1 g/l at 298 K and increased with increasing concentration. The evaluation of activation and thermodynamic parameters reveals that the organic molecules of cedar essential oil and its fractions act by chemical adsorption on the metal surface. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of steel is in a good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Increasing concentration of the corrosion inhibitor enhances the surface coverage and formation of a protective film.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety
Authors: Peng Hua-Nan , Ye Li-Min , Zhang Ming , Yang Yan-Chun , Zheng Jie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The title compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data. Their antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains Escherichia coli and fungal strains Aspergillus niger were evaluated.
Insulting and losing face
Authors: Benziman Yotam 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper analyzes the nature of insults—a subject that has been rather neglected in the philosophical literature. I claim that an insult has to do with causing us to lose face. We save face with regards to everybody else, and thus anybody is supposedly liable to insult us. In this sense, our interlocutor serves both as an individual encountering us face-to-face, and as an audience in front of whom our weaknesses are exposed. When the insult involves something we know to be wrong, we can try and refute it. True insults are harder to tackle, and therefore might hurt more. But we cannot adopt a strategy of not caring about what others think because it is through interactions with them that we explore both our views and identity.
Czech teachers’ attitudes towards curriculum reform implementation
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Janko Tomáš , Pešková Karolína , Knecht Petr , Spurná Michaela 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The study focuses on the implementation of curriculum reform in grammar schools in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes of grammar school teachers towards the reform and its implementation. The perceived benefits of and problems with the curriculum reform were measured using closed-ended items (on a Likert scale). The research sample of this questionnaire survey consisted of 1,098 teachers from 58 schools. The results indicate that the reform has been more readily accepted in pilot schools than in non-pilot schools. In general, it can be concluded that although there was support for the main ideas behind the reform, the majority of teachers have not accepted the reform as a whole. The multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, position, length of teaching experience, and knowledge of specific characteristics of curriculum reform did not significantly contribute to teachers’ acceptance of the curriculum reform.
Bilingualism in Ukraine: Value or Challenge?
Authors: Csernicskó István , Máté Réka 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Several analyses have summarized the linguistic situation of Ukraine, highlighting various aspects of the problematic issues of Ukraine’s language policy. The fundamental problems of the linguistic situation in Ukraine are the lack of consensus regarding the issue of what role the Ukrainian language has in constructing the new post-Soviet identity and in nation building, what status the Russian language should be given in Ukraine. According to the data from the 2001 census, 80% of the adult population of Ukraine speak (at least) one other language fluently in addition to their mother tongue. In the country it is clear that the reality in most of Ukraine is of bilingualism. Almost everyone in Ukraine is bilingual; to varying degrees, a fundamental characteristic of the language situation in Ukraine is bilingualism of society. In spite of this, due to negative historical experiences, bilingualism is stigmatized in Ukraine, and that makes codification of bilingualism impossible on the state level. The paper shows the attitude of the political elite that took power after the overthrow of President Viktor Yanukovych towards the issue of bilingualism. We present how the linguists and representatives of the intellectuals comment on the bilingualism in Ukraine. The primordial, national romantic view that makes the Ukrainian language and the (free and independent) Ukrainian nation the same nowadays strongly dominates in Ukraine.
A Study of Assyrians’ Language Use in Istanbul
Authors: Arikan Arda , Varli Ozan , Kürüm Eyüp Yaşar 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBeing one of the oldest Christian communities in the Middle East, Assyrians have continued to live in various parts of Turkey for thousands of years. Today, the estimates related to the number of Assyrians living in Turkey vary between 4,000–25,000 while they cannot benefit from the rights put forward by the Lausanne Treaty among which schooling is the most important. Assyrian community can be said to be deteriorating in number. This decline in the number of Assyrians living in Turkey raises the question of whether they could maintain their ethnic identity while maintaining their language (Syriac). No studies so far have been carried out to find out the linguistic practices of Assyrian community living in Turkey, as well as their attitudes toward the languages they use. This study aims at shedding light on the present situation of Syriac used among the Assyrian community living in Turkey. The participants are limited to those living in Istanbul due to practical reasons. In this study, language attitudes and language use practices of Assyrian community living in Istanbul are found out through a language attitudes questionnaire. It is hoped that the results of the study will provide the current situation of the Syriac language in terms of its ethnolinguistic vitality as spoken among the community. It is also hoped that the results of the study will provide useful data for those who would like to help protect the ethnolinguistic identities of Assyrian minority in Turkey, as well as all those dispersed around the world, which seems to have become increasingly important for such a country at the gates of the European Union as Turkey.
Pidgin in Creative Works in English in Cameroon
Authors: Kouega Jean Paul , Aseh Mildred 
Published: February 2018

Summary
This study, which deals with code-switching and language choice in multilingual contexts, describes the use of Pidgin in creative works in English in Cameroon, with the focus on the forms that this language takes in the works, the types of characters who are made to speak this language, and the functions that this language plays in these works. The data comprise three plays and two novels, all published between 2000 and 2006 by experienced writers who have a good command of English and yet make their characters speak in Pidgin. The analysis shows that Pidgin in the corpus takes the form of individual lexemes like salaka (libation, sacrifice) and relatively short utterances like This sun fit kill man (This sun is so hot that it can kill someone.). The characters who speak Pidgin in these literary works are generally low-ranking and rural people, illiterates and other people who are hardly looked up to in the Cameroonian society. Finally, Pidgin helps writers to realise some stylistic effects such as variations on the scale of formality, with English being used when addressing a superior person and Pidgin when addressing an inferior person. Most importantly, creative writers reproduce in their works what is observed in the Cameroonian society and this can be regarded as a formal way of enhancing their readers’ plurilingual competence.
CLIL Approach to Legal English Courses: Analysis of Practice and Experience
Authors: Vyushkina Elena Grigorievna 
Published: February 2018

Summary
The EU consistent policy on languages promotes new language teaching methods and encourages pedagogical experiments at all levels of education, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) being one of language education innovations. Over the past twenty years CLIL proved to be an effective method in foreign language acquisition and there is considerable evidence of successful CLIL implementation in secondary schools in many European countries. Speaking about foreign languages in higher education, it is necessary to note that abbreviation EMI – English as a Medium of Instruction – is mentioned much more often than CLIL. One of the reasons for lower CLIL implementation at a tertiary level is the complexity of subject contents taught at universities. Furthermore, if a student’s major is law, the issue becomes more challenging because of the differences in common law and civil law systems. However, one of lawyer’s professional competences directly connected with language learning is a communicative competence. Such spheres of lawyer’s activity as client counseling, negotiation, and mediation rely heavily on listening, paraphrasing, reframing, summarising, and skills of question formation regardless of what legal system a lawyer belongs to. These so-called soft skills can be developed within a foreign language course but it seems more rational to master them through a professional medium. Therefore, law teachers should be engaged in designing a substantive part of course materials, while language teachers are to be in charge of communicative competence development. The present study aims at analyzing the practice and experience in designing and implementing an original optional course “Client Consultation in English”. This course can serve as an illustration of a CLIL Legal English course and its structure can be used as an example to follow while designing similar courses.
Standard Language Ideology and Its Influence on Lithuanian Migrants. Samogitians' Attitudes Towards Their Language Variety
Authors: Nugaraitė Indrė 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe study tries to bridge the gap between research on how the Lithuanian language and its varieties are spoken and maintained by migrants and on how the standard language ideology affects the speakers of regional varieties in Lithuania. The paper investigates Lithuanian Samogitian migrants’ attitudes towards their regional variety, the main factors that might influence their beliefs and whether the standard language ideology is one of these factors. The in-depth analysis of 10 audio-recorded and coded interview responses has shown that in migration, similarly as in Lithuania, people’s attitudes towards Samogitian and the usage of it are governed by the three main factors, namely education, Soviet language policy and the linguistic pressure from society. Even though migrants do not feel intense pressure to speak the “right” language and feel much freer to use the variety of their choice when talking to other migrants, they still believe that it is common sense to use the standard in official gatherings, for public speeches or for official events.
Bilingualism and Access to the Spanish Language by Russian-Romanian Bilinguals
Authors: Antonchuk Daniela 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBilingualism is a complex process involving a variety of characteristics, among which we can distinguish a particular system of a language, as well as the ability to use it in communication. Apart from the mere fact of acquiring the knowledge of a second language, bilingualism also implies the development of specific linguistic structuring and brain functioning different from those of a monolingual individual. This fact is crucial at the time of comprehension and, consequently, learning of a third language and this is why it has been studied by analysing the understanding ability of bilingual informants to refer to a third language without the prior learning of this language and the comparison of the results with those obtained for monolingual individuals presenting each language. Thus, the hypothesis involved considers individuals presenting bilingualism between two different language families (on the example of Russian-Romanian bilingualism) manifesting better understanding of a language from one of the language families they speak natively (on the example of the Spanish language) in comparison with monolingual people presenting one of the languages considered in bilingual individuals (i.e. Russian and Romanian monolinguals). This difference between bilingual and monolingual people in the access to a third language mainly involves the difference in the way of thinking and analysing the acquired linguistic data, resulting in a more effective capacity for understanding. The specification of brain organization and the analysis of linguistic data are due to the creation of specific psycholinguistic strategies by the bilingual individual.
Rituximab: a novel treatment for refractory Riedel’s thyroiditis
Authors: Hunt Leanne , Harrison Barney , Bull Matthew , Stephenson Tim , Allahabadia Amit 
Published: February 2018

Summary
This case report reviews the rare condition of Riedel’s thyroiditis via a patient case. The report highlights the difficulties that one may encounter when managing such a case in regards to patient symptoms, side effects of medications and the relapsing nature of the condition. The case report also highlights novel treatment in the treatment of Riedel’s thyroiditis, rituximab, how this works and the resolution of symptoms that we have achieved with our patient on this treatment.

Learning points:

Riedel’s thyroiditis is characterised by chronic inflammation, which causes dense fibrosis in the thyroid gland.

Riedel’s thyroiditis can present with neck pain, dysphagia and dyspnoea with a firm, non-tender mass found on examination.

Riedel’s thyroiditis is part of the IgG4-related systemic disorders.

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that works against the protein CD20.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN ACCIÓN Y EL APRENDIZAJE POR PROYECTOS EN EL MARCO DEL MODELO PEDAGÓGICO ENSEÑANZA PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN. EXPERIENCIA DEL COLEGIO VISIÓN MUNDIAL EN COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES DE MONTERÍA-Action research and Project Based Learning in ...
Authors: Barrios Oviedo Lilia , Chaves Silva Martha 
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta resultados derivados de “La investigación acción y el aprendizaje por proyectos en el marco del modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la comprensión”, en la Maestría de Educación en la Universidad de Córdoba – SUE-CARIBE1. El texto tiene como propósito mostrar la incidencia de la investigación acción y el modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la comprensión en la calidad educativa, con comunidades en condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad, en el Colegio Visión Mundial de Montería, Córdoba. La metodología se sustenta en el modelo de la investigación-acción (IA), que posibilita a los participantes actuar de manera reflexiva y colectiva sobre los problemas que los aquejan,con el fin de transformarlos y transformarse. El análisis de los resultados demuestra que la educación de calidad para poblaciones en condiciones de pobreza es no solo necesaria, sino posible, aminorando la fuerte estratificación que persiste en el sistema educativo local y nacion
Introducción de la topología de vecindades en los trabajos de Fréchet y Hausdorff
Authors: Arboleda Aparicio Luis Carlos 
Published: February 2018

En la primera parte, retomamos testimonios de Fréchet sobre la naturaleza de sus primeros trabajos (1904-1906) en los campos emergentes del Análisis funcional y Análisis general, en relación con su idea de introducir una estructura topológica en un espacio abstracto. En la segunda parte, destacamos la influencia que tuvo en esta idea, el punto de vista algebraico de la época de extender las nociones cantorianas a un espacio abstracto con una estructura de grupo finito. Fréchet supo aprovechar técnicas como el “modo de composición” entre los elementos del espacio, para axiomatizar operaciones y estructuras de la “clase L” con convergencia secuencial, la “clase V” con sistema de vecindades, la “clase E” con “écart” (métrica). Luego se aprovechan nuevos datos históricos para reafirmar la proximidad de las concepciones filosóficas subyacentes a estas investigaciones, con las ideas de Leibniz, específicamente en cuanto al método de “análisis de los principios”. En la tercera parte se estudia la contribución de Hausdorff de 1912 y 1914 al establecimiento de la axiomática de las vecindades para la topología de un espacio abstracto. Teniendo en cuenta las observaciones de Weyl y Bourbaki de que Hausdorff se inspiró para ello en Hilbert, se examina el sistema de axiomas para las vecindades del plano introducido por Hilbert en dos trabajos de 1902 consagrados al problema de la continuidad del espacio. Se exploran las conexiones del “espacio topológico” de Hausdorff basado en las vecindades, con las nociones de métrica, convergencia secuencial y vecindades propuestas años antes por Fréchet. Hausdorff insistió desde el comienzo que la topología del espacio separable tenía las características de generalidad y rigor formal que le permitían adaptarse a las aplicaciones mejor que otras. Se mostrará que todo ello era consistente con los ideales de simplicidad, unidad y economía de pensamiento que Hausdorff había adquirido en sus trabajos filosóficos tempranos. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Эпидемия гриппа в России в сезон 2014–2015 гг.
Authors: Карпова Л.С. , Поповцева Н.М. , Столярова Т.П. , Коновалова Н.И. , Еропкин М.Ю. , Бурцева Е.И. , Феодоритова Е.Л. , Соминина А.А. 
Published: February 2018

Целью работы было сравнение показателей интенсивности эпидемии гриппа, вызванной штаммами вирусов гриппа А(H3N2) и В, в сезон 2014–2015 гг. с предшествующей эпидемией 2013–2014 гг. Особое внимание уделено летальным исходам от гриппа. Использована база данных НИИ гриппа по еженедельной заболеваемости, госпитализации, летальным исходам от гриппа и ОРЗ в различных возрастных группах населения 59-ти наблюдаемых городов, расположенных в семи Федеральных округах Российской Федерации.
По сравнению с эпидемией 2014 г. эпидемия гриппа в 2014–2015 гг. началась раньше (в декабре) и распространялась, в основном, с запада на восток – из Европы по территории России в восточном направлении. Показатели интенсивности эпидемии 2015 г., в сравнении с предыдущей, были выше в отношении распространенности по округам, городам и вовлеченности возрастных групп населения (кроме детей до 2-х лет). Показатели заболеваемости на пике эпидемии, средней продолжительности эпидемии, уровней заболеваемости населения в городах (особенно среди детей 7–14 лет и взрослого населения) были выше, чем в предыдущем сезоне. Участились и случаи госпитализации с гриппом и OPВИ среди лиц старше 65 лет (в 1.4 раза), среди госпитализированных повысилась доля больных с диагнозом «грипп» (в 2.7 раза) и число летальных исходов от лабораторно подтвержденного гриппа (в 1.8 раза).
Штамм пандемического вируса гриппа, A(H1N1)pdm09, хотя и не был основным возбудителем эпидемии 2015 г., попрежнему стал основной причиной летальных исходов от гриппа (в 45.5% всех случаев); причем случаи смерти, ассоциированные с этим штаммом, регистрировали только на европейской территории России при спорадическом уровне его распространения.
Determination of the satisfaction and motivation levels in a group of nursing students
Authors: Culha Ilkay 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Objective: Determine the satisfaction and motivation levels in a group of nursing student who have surgical nursing lesson.Materials and methods: This is a descriptive research carried out between 10-24 March 2014 with 97 students. Personal information form, Student Satisfaction Scale and Motivation Scale were filled by students under observation. The datas were analyzed with IBM SPSS 21 statistical software package. One-way analysis of variance analyzes, Student's t test and Spearman correlation analyzes were used. The statistical significance level was accepted as being p<0.05.Findings:Students' satisfaction scores were between 1.72–4.64 with mean of 3.33 ± 0.55. There was found difference between satisfaction about department, living within Eskisehir and satisfaction scores (p <0.05 for each one). Students' motivation scores were between 2.07–4.97 with mean of 3.73±0.52. There was found difference between gender,whether the department was chosen of the student’s own free will and satisfaction from the department (p <0.05 for each one).There was a positive weak correlation between satisfaction and motivation scores of students (r=0.241, p=0.017).Conclusion:Satisfaction about department and living in city center were found effective on students' satisfactions. Students' satisfaction and motivation levels should be determined and necessary regulations, improvements should be done.

Keywords: student education, student satisfaction, student motivation.