bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversity of benthic diatoms affects ecosystem productivity in heterogeneous coastal environments
Authors: Virta Leena , Gammal Johanna , Järnström Marie , Bernard Guillaume , Soininen Janne , Norkko Joanna , Norkko Alf 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current decrease in biodiversity affects all ecosystems, and the impacts of diversity on ecosystem functioning need to be resolved. So far, marine studies about diversity–ecosystem productivity‐relationships have concentrated on small‐scale, controlled experiments, with often limited relevance to natural ecosystems. Here, we provide a real‐world study on the effects of microorganismal diversity (measured as the diversity of benthic diatom communities) on ecosystem productivity (using chlorophyll a concentration as a surrogate) in a heterogeneous marine coastal archipelago. We collected 78 sediment cores at 17 sites in the northern Baltic Sea and found exceptionally high diatom diversity (328 observed species). We used structural equation models and quantile regression to explore relationships between diatom diversity and productivity. Previous studies have found contradictory results in the relationship between microorganismal diversity and ecosystem productivity, but we showed a linear and positive basal relationship between diatom diversity and productivity, which indicates that diatom diversity most likely forms the lowest boundary for productivity. Thus, although productivity can be high even when diatom diversity is low, high diatom diversity supports high productivity. The trait composition was more effective than taxonomical composition in showing such a relationship, which could be due to niche complementarity. Our results also indicated that environmental heterogeneity leads to substantial patchiness in the diversity of benthic diatom communities, mainly induced by the variation in sediment organic matter content. Therefore, future changes in precipitation and river runoff and associated changes in the quality and quantity of organic matter in the sea, will also affect diatom communities and, hence, ecosystem productivity. Our study suggests that benthic microorganisms are vital for ecosystem productivity, and together with the substantial heterogeneity of coastal ecosystems, they should be considered when evaluating the potential productivity of coastal areas.
How do economic downturns affect the mental health of children? Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Golberstein Ezra , Gonzales Gilbert , Meara Ellen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch linking economic conditions and health often does not consider children's mental health problems, which are the most common and consequential health issues for children and adolescents. We examine the effects of unemployment rates and housing prices on well‐validated child and adolescent mental health outcomes and use of special education services for emotional problems in the 2001–2013 National Health Interview Survey. We find that the effects of economic conditions on children's mental health are clinically and economically meaningful; children's mental health outcomes worsen as the economy weakens. The effects of economic conditions on child and adolescent mental health are pervasive, found in almost every subgroup that we examine. The use of special education services for emotional problems also rises when economic conditions worsen. Our analyses of possible mechanisms that link economic conditions to child mental health suggest that parental unemployment cannot fully explain the relationship between economic conditions and child mental health.
Chlamydia trachomatisinfection among Ghanaian women undergoing hysterosalpingography for suspected tubal factor infertility
Authors: Beyuo Titus , Oppong Samuel A. , Samba Ali , Beyuo Vera M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisinfection and the correlates of tubal pathology among Ghanaian women undergoing hysterosalpingography for suspected tubal factor infertility.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 189 women with infertility who underwent hysterosalpingography at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana, from September 1 to November 30, 2016. Demographic data; obstetric and gynecologic history; and hysterosalpingography findings were collected using a structured questionnaire. Endocervical swabs were tested for the presence ofChlamydia trachomatisusing a rapid antigen‐based diagnostic kit. Associations between the variables were assessed using bivariate analysis.ResultsPositive test results forChlamydia trachomatiswere recorded among 15 participants, giving an overall prevalence of 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1%–11.7%). In all, 67 (35.4%) participants had abnormal findings on hysterosalpingography, with 40 (21.2%) displaying bilateral tubal occlusion. The remaining 122 (64.6%) women had normal findings on hysterosalpingography. Eight participants with normal tubal appearance tested positive forChlamydia trachomatis(prevalence 6.6%, 95%CI2.2%–11.0%), whereas seven participants with abnormal tubal appearance tested positive (prevalence 10.4%, 95%CI3.1%–17.7%;P=0.402). No associations were found between participant characteristics and tubal pathology.ConclusionThe prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisdid not differ by hysterosalpingography findings.
The use of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize connective tissue components in skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)
Authors: Sanden Karen W. , Kohler Achim , Afseth Nils K. , Böcker Ulrike , Rønning Sissel B. , Liland Kristian H. , Pedersen Mona E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the present study, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is investigated as a method to measure connective tissue components that are important for the quality of Atlantic cod filets (Gadus morhua L.). The Atlantic cod used in this study originated from a feeding trial, which found that fish fed a high starch diet contained relative more collagen type I, while fish fed a low starch (LS) diet contained relative more glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the connective tissue. FTIR spectra of pure commercial collagen type I and GAGs were acquired to identify spectral markers and compare them with FTIR spectra and images from connective tissue. Using principal component analysis, high and LS diets were separated due to collagen type I in the spectral region 1800 to 800 cm−1. The spatial distribution of collagen type I and GAGs were further investigated by FTIR imaging in combination with immunohistochemistry. Pixel‐wise correlation images were calculated between preprocessed connective tissue images and preprocessed pure components spectra of collagen type I and GAGs, respectively. For collagen, the FTIR images reveal a collagen distribution that closely resembles the collagen distribution as imaged by immunohistochemistry. For GAGs, the concentration is very low. Still, the FTIR images detect the most GAGs rich regions.
Novel dual‐responsive semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels for controlled release of anticancer drugs
Authors: Dadfar Seyed Mohammad Reza , Pourmahdian Saeed , Tehranchi Mohammad Mehdi , Dadfar Seyed Mohammadali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNovel dual‐responsive hydrogels of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) based on temperature‐sensitive N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAA) and pH‐sensitive N‐ethylmaleamic acid (NEMA) monomers and sodium alginate polymer were synthesized using free‐radical polymerization in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Stimuli‐responsive properties of the semi‐IPN hydrogels showed remarkable sensitivity to both temperature and pH without limitation in NEMA content. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug was efficiently loaded into the hydrogels and the release profiles of drug from them were investigated. The results of in vitro studies showed a quick DOX release in the conditions simulating tumor environment (phosphate‐buffered saline [PBS], pH 6.5, 37°C) or endosomes/lysosomes (PBS, pH 5.5, 37°C) compared to simulated human physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4, 37°C). In conclusion, the novel poly(NIPAA‐co‐NEMA) semi‐IPN hydrogels could be a promising candidate for targeted and controlled release of anticancer drugs in drug delivery system.
Corrosion behavior and mechanical degradation of as‐extruded Mg–Gd–Zn–Zr alloys for orthopedic application
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Dai Jianwei , Dong Qiangsheng , Ba Zhixin , Wu Yujuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe microstructures, corrosion behavior, and mechanical degradation of the as‐extruded Mg–6.0Gd–0.5Zn–0.4Zr (wt %, GZ60K) and Mg–6.0Gd–1.0Zn–0.4Zr (wt %, GZ61K) alloys were investigated. In both alloys, stacking faults and precipitates are formed in the recrystallized microstructures. The corrosion rate of GZ61K calculated by the hydrogen evolution in simulated body fluid is 0.34 ± 0.13 mm/year, which is lower than that of GZ60K (0.45 ± 0.09 mm/year); and the current density of GZ61K (5.23 ± 1.41 μA cm−2) is much lower than that of GZ60K (11.95 ± 3.37 μA cm−2). The corrosion results indicate GZ61K is more resistant to corrosion than GZ60K, but GZ60K presents more uniform corrosion mode as compared to GZ61K. After immersion in simulated body fluid for 7, 14, and 21 days, a slight decrease in the strength of both alloys is observed. The yield strength half‐life is assessed for mechanical degradation and determined to be 125 and 85 days for GZ60K and GZ61K, respectively. The as‐extruded GZ60K alloy with more uniform corrosion and longer mechanical integrity shows promising potential for orthopedic application.
The insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 and its death receptor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma poor prognosis
Authors: Gheysarzadeh Ali , Bakhtiari Hadi , Ansari Amir , Emami Razavi Amirnader , Emami Mohammad H. , Mofid Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) and its newly discovered death receptor (IGFBP‐3R) have been reported to involve in a wide variety of cancers. However, their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been elucidated yet. Here, 478 pancreatic cancers were screened for primary PDAC tumors. The samples were evaluated using quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry staining. The results indicated that relative IGFBP‐3 mRNA expression and its protein level were reduced stage dependently in the PDAC tumors (p < .001 and p < .05, respectively). The subcellular distribution of IGFBP‐3 was mainly nuclear only in Stage 0 + 1 (about 150% compared to adjacent normal tissues [p < .05]). The value for IGFBP‐3R messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were also reduced in tumors in compared to adjacent normal pancreatic tissues (p < .05). The Kaplan–Meier analysis also showed that mRNA expression of IGFBP‐3 and IGFBP‐3R was positively associated with survival, (p = .001). In addition, there is a strong association between low expression of IGFBP‐3 and tumor size (p = .032), the lymphatic invasion (p = .001), the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging (p = .001), tumor differentiation (p = .001), and PNI status (p = .021). Down‐regulation of IGFBP‐3R was also correlated with the tumor size (p = .01), the lymphatic invasion (p = .012) TNM staging (p = .001), tumor differentiation (p = .021) and PNI status (p = .038). In conclusion, IGFBP‐3 and its receptor were down‐regulated and their expression was associated with poor prognosis of PDAC.
Risk Factors for Rotator Cuff Disease: An Experimental Study on Intact Human Subscapularis Tendons
Authors: Plachel Fabian , Moroder Philipp , Gehwolf Renate , Tempfer Herbert , Wagner Andrea , Auffarth Alexander , Matis Nicholas , Pauly Stephan , Tauber Mark , Traweger Andreas 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough several studies revealed a multifactorial pathogenesis of degenerative rotator cuff disorders, the impact and interaction of extrinsic variables is still poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed at uncovering the effect of patient‐ and pathology‐specific risk factors that may contribute to degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons. Between 2015 and 2018, 54 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery at three specialized shoulder clinics were prospectively included. Using tendon samples harvested from the macroscopically intact subscapularis (SSC) tendon, targeted messenger RNA expression profile analysis was performed in the first cohort (n = 38). Furthermore, histological analyses were conducted on tendon tissue samples obtained from a second cohort (n = 16). Overall, both study cohorts were comparable concerning patient demographics. Results were then analyzed with respect to specific extrinsic factors, such as patient age, body mass index, current as well as previous professions and sport activities, smoking habit, and systemic metabolic diseases. While patient age, sports‐activity level, and preexisting rotator cuff lesions were considered to contribute most strongly to tendinopathogenesis, no further coherences were found. With regards to gene expression analysis, change in expression correlated most strongly with patient age and severity of the rotator cuff pathology. Further, chronic disorders increased overall gene expression variation. Taken together, our study provides further evidence that tendon degeneration is the consequence of a multifactorial process and pathological changes of the supraspinatus tendon affect the quality of SSC tendon and most likely vice versa. Therefore, the rotator cuff tendons need to be considered as a unit when managing rotator cuff pathologies. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:182–191, 2020
Evaluation of physicochemical, textural and sensory quality characteristics of red fish meat‐based fried snacks
Authors: Nawaz Asad , Xiong Zhouyi , Li Qing , Xiong Hanguo , Irshad Sana , Chen Lei , Wang Pengkai , Zhang Mongchao , Hina Sundas , Regenstein Joe M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed fish meat (a by‐product of fillet processing from grass carp) is a rich source of good‐quality protein, which makes it an important candidate for the production of functional foods. In this study, wheat flour was replaced with red fish meat (RFM) leftover from grass carp fillet frames at different levels (100–300 g kg−1) in fried snacks on a laboratory scale. The quality characteristics, physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of the fried snacks were assessed.RESULTSThe addition of RFM significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein, fat, moisture and ash contents, while texture (breakage force) was improved. Expansion and water hydration capacity were decreased with increasing content of RFM. Lightness (L*) was increased whereas redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were decreased with the addition of RFM. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the protein matrix was increased and fewer starch granules were found when RFM was added. Moreover, in vitro protein digestibility was also increased in samples prepared with RFM compared with the control. Furthermore, essential amino acids (lysine, leucine, threonine and methionine) increased (1.2‐fold compared with the control) with increasing RFM content.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that red fish meat can be used to make a new snack product with improved nutritional value and textural properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dependence of perceived display brightness on peripheral vision luminance and field of view: A comparison study
Authors: Lim Kyongho , Li Xiaohua , Tu Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsiderable research effort has been devoted to enhancing perceived display brightness by improving the display luminance level. However, studies have shown that the human visual system (HVS) is influenced not only by physical luminance but also by other factors, such as adaptation to the surrounding luminance. Therefore, enhancing the maximum display luminance alone cannot be an optimal solution. In this study, we investigated the effects of the peripheral vision luminance (PVL) level and field of view (FOV) on the display brightness perceived by the observer, by using Stevens' brightness function, irrespective of the effect of adaptation to surround luminance. The analysis of the experimental results revealed that the perceived display brightness is inversely related to the level of peripheral vision luminance on the display. It was also found that, whereas increase in FOV results in an increase in the absolute brightness value, it reduces the effect of PVL on the perceived display brightness. The findings of this study will serve as useful basic data for optimizing display specifications with respect to image signals.
Photoacoustic lymphangiography
Authors: Kajita Hiroki , Oh Anna , Urano Moemi , Takemaru Masashi , Imanishi Nobuaki , Otaki Marika , Yagi Takayuki , Aiso Sadakazu , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesPhotoacoustic lymphangiography, which is based on photoacoustic technology, is an optical imaging that visualizes the distribution of light absorbing tissue components like hemoglobin or melanin, as well as optical absorption contrast imaging agents like indocyanine green (ICG) in the lymphatic channels, with high spatial resolution. In this report, we introduce the three‐dimensional (3D) images of human lymphatic vessels obtained with photoacoustic lymphangiography.MethodsWe used the 3D photoacoustic visualization system (PAI‐05). Some healthy subjects and lymphedema patients were recruited. To image the lymphatic structures of the limbs ICG was administered subcutaneously as in fluorescence lymphangiography. Photoacoustic images were acquired by irradiating the tissue using a laser at wavelengths of near‐infrared region. On the same occasion, fluorescence images were also recorded.ResultsThe lymphatic vessels up to the diameter of 0.2 mm could be observed three‐dimensionally with the venules around them. In the patient‐group, dermal backflow patterns were often observed as dense interconnecting 3D structures of lymphatic vessels. Collecting vessels passing below the dermis were also observed, which were not observed by fluorescence lymphography.ConclusionsPhotoacoustic lymphangiography provided the detailed observation of each lymphatic vessel, leading to deeper understanding of 3D structures and physiological state of the vessel.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Conceptual Challenges, Methodological Issues, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Litz Brett T. , Kerig Patricia K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue of theJournal of Traumatic Stressdevoted to new directions in the study of moral injury (MI), defined as transgressive harms and the outcomes of those experiences. Although a significant body of research has emerged devoted to the study of the MI construct, a number of conceptual and empirical challenges have arisen; these are summarized and discussed in the present article. In addition, this article proposes ways of overcoming these challenges in order to further research and clinical practice in the field. We then go on to introduce the content and themes of the present collection of articles in this special issue, all of which provide examples of some of the most innovative and forward‐looking work on the topic and expand into new conceptual frameworks, new methods of investigation, and new populations and contexts.
HMGB1 promotes bone fracture healing through activation of ERK signaling pathway in a rat tibial fracture model
Authors: Chen Ming‐Qi , Luan Jing‐Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work was to investigate potential roles of HMGB1‐mediated ERK pathway in the healing process of bone fracture. Rat tibial fracture models were established and divided into control (rats with normal saline), HMGB1 (rats with HMGB1), and HMGB1+ PD98059 groups (rats with HMGB1 and 1 mg/kg of ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059) with 30 rats per each. The healing of rats' fracture was observed by X‐ray films, the morphological changes of bone fractures by HE staining, the callus formation by micro‐CT and biomechanical test, and the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, HMGB1 and ERK‐related proteins by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. Rats in the HMGB1 group was increased in X‐ray scores, peak torque, torsional stiffness, and the bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume, BV/TV); meanwhile, those rats presented elevations in osteogenesis‐related genes and HMGB1 expressions, as well as p‐ERK/ERK ratio. However, rats in the HMGB1+ PD98059 group was significantly reduced in X‐ray score, peak torque, torsional stiffness, and BV/TV, as well as the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes and the ratio of p‐ERK/ERK, as compared to those from HMGB1 group. HMGB1 could promote the expressions of osteogenesis‐related genes and accelerate the healing process of fracture via activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
Effect of land use on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in saline–sodic soils
Authors: Feng Haojie , Wang Shunyi , Gao Zideng , Wang Zhaokun , Ren Xueqin , Hu Shuwen , Pan Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid to the establishment of an appropriate land use type for the reclamation of saline–sodic soils. The microbial community structures under various land use types, however, remain elusive in the western Songnen Plain of China. The aim of this study was to explore changes of bacterial and fungal abundance and community patterns under six various land use types: (a) forest, (b) sorghum, (c) paddy, (d) wetland, (e) wasteland, and (f) meadow, with a–c considered to be 'managed systems' and d–f to be 'unmanaged systems.' High‐throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer rRNA genes were applied to investigate the microbial composition. The results indicated that bacterial abundance ranged from a minimum of 3.40 × 107 copies g−1 dry‐weight soil (d.w.s.) in sorghum to a maximum of 1.03 × 109 copies g−1 d.w.s. in wetland and fungal abundance ranging from 7.11 × 105 to 5.83 × 106 copies g−1 d.w.s. with lowest measured in wasteland and highest in forest, respectively. The abundance and community structures of both bacteria and fungi were similar in paddy and wetland soils, suggesting drying–rewetting alternations played a much greater role in shifting soil microbial communities than other agronomic measures (e.g., fertilization and tillage). The redundancy analysis combined with phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of the unobserved states and FUNGuild analyses indicated that bacteria predominated in nutrient cycling, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi were largely responsible for the restoration of aggregate stability in saline–sodic soils.