bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding gravitationally induced decoherence parameters in neutrino oscillations using a microscopic quantum mechanical model
Authors: Domi Alba , Eberl Thomas , Fahn Max Joseph , Giesel Kristina , Hennig Lukas , Katz Ulrich , Kemper Roman , Kobler Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, a microscopic quantum mechanical model for gravitationally induced decoherence introduced by Blencowe and Xu is investigated in the context of neutrino oscillations. The focus is on the comparison with existing phenomenological models and the physical interpretation of the decoherence parameters in such models. The results show that for neutrino oscillations in vacuum gravitationally induced decoherence can be matched with phenomenological models with decoherence parameters of the form Γ
ij
∼ Δ m
4

ij

E
-2. When matter effects are included, the decoherence parameters exhibit a dependence on the varying matter density across the Earth layers. This behavior can be explained by the nature of the coupling between neutrinos and the gravitational wave environment, as suggested by linearised gravity. On a theoretical level, these different models can be characterised by a different choice of Lindblad operators, with the model with decoherence parameters that do not include matter effects being less suitable from the point of view of linearised gravity. Consequently, in the case of neutrino oscillations in matter, the microscopic model does not agree with many existing phenomenological models that assume constant decoherence parameters in matter. Nonetheless, we identify the KamLAND experimental setup as particularly well-suited to establish the first experimental constraints on the model parameters, namely the neutrino coupling to the gravitational wave environment and its temperature, based on a prior analysis using the phenomenological model.
Passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on simultaneous quantum and classical communication in the terahertz band
Authors: Li Chuan , Wang Guoshuai , Chang Jian , Liu Chengji , Li Qingshan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol based on simultaneous quantum and classical communication (SQCC) under indoor environments and in inter-satellite links within the terahertz band. In our PSQCC-CVQKD scheme, classical modulation is performed at the transmitter, followed by passive quantum modulation operations. At the receiver, an amplifier is utilized to amplify and demultiplex the received signal, and a homodyne or heterodyne detector is subsequently selected for decoding. We derive the security bounds of the protocol and evaluate its performance in both indoor environments and inter-satellite links. Furthermore, by considering finite-size effects, we achieve tighter agreement constraints, which are more practical than those obtained in the asymptotic limit. Simulation results indicate that this scheme exhibits a high secret key rate and strong jamming resistance in practical applications, providing a more efficient pathway for the construction of future quantum networks.
Biogeographic patterns shape the bacterial community beyond permafrost gradients
Authors: Yang Sizhong , Wen Xi , Wu Xiaodong , Wu Tonghua , Li Xiaoying , Abakumov Evgeny , Jin Huijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Global warming has led to extensive permafrost degradation, particularly in thermally vulnerable permafrost in the marginal or transitional zones of altitudinal or latitudinal permafrost. However, comprehensive knowledge about microbial communities in response to rapid permafrost degradation at large (or interregional) scales remains elusive. In this meta-analysis, existing published data were utilized to identify the distributive and co-occurrence patterns of the microbiome in two interregional locations: the Qilian Mountains on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (NE-QTP) and the Xing’anling Mountains in Northeast China (NE-China). Both areas are situated in the marginal zone of large permafrost units. The results reveal that the rapidly degrading permafrost did not overshadow the regional biogeographic pattern of the microbial community. Instead, the results show some distinctive biogeographic patterns, as characterized by different groups of characteristic bacterial lineages in each of the two regions. Soil pH has emerged as a crucial controlling factor on the basis of the available environmental data. Network-based analyses suggest a generally high level of natural connectivity for bacterial networks on the NE-QTP; however, it collapses more drastically than that in NE-China if the environmental perturbations exceed the tipping point. These findings indicate that the biogeographic patterns of the bacterial community structure are not significantly altered by permafrost degradation. This research provides valuable insights into the development of more effective management methods for microbiomes in rapidly degrading permafrost.
Bi-Hamiltonian structures of KdV type, cyclic Frobenius algebrae and Monge metrics
Authors: Lorenzoni Paolo , Vitolo Raffaele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study algebraic and projective geometric properties of Hamiltonian trios determined by a constant coefficient second-order operator and two first-order localizable operators of Ferapontov–Pavlov type. We show that first-order operators are determined by Monge metrics, and define a structure of cyclic Frobenius algebra. Examples include the AKNS system, a 2-component generalization of Camassa–Holm equation and the Kaup–Broer system. In dimension 2 the trio is completely determined by two conics of rank at least 2. We provide a partial classification in dimension 4.
Deformation mechanism of MWCNT/Ni composites under shear deformation: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zuo Jiajia , Hu Yaxuan , Wu Binhe , Shu Rui , Shu Baipo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in single-crystal and polycrystalline nickel were modeled by molecular dynamics simulations. Shear deformation was applied to the model perpendicular to the axial direction of the carbon nanotubes. In the case where single crystals are considered, the interfacial bonding between MWCNTs and nickel is weaker than the interaction force between nickel atoms. There is a difference in the deformation capacity between MWCNTs and the matrix, which leads to the concentration of stresses at the interface. The formation of defects near the interface and the debonding of the interface between MWCNT and the matrix cause material failure. In the polycrystalline model, MWCNT is considered to be located at grain boundaries or within the grain. The CNT/Ni interface and grain boundaries are both nucleation sites for dislocations and barriers to dislocation movement during deformation. The distribution of MWCNT in the matrix has an effect on the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of composites.
Investigation into tribocorrosion behaviors of CoCrFeNiNb laser-clad coatings with Y2O3
Authors: Li Yashan , Li Jun , Li Ruoliu , Mo Junxiang , Lee Soowohn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some components made of titanium alloys will serve in corrosive environments in the industry, and suffer from corrosion and wear at the same time. However, the components exhibit the high wear and corrosion rates due to their low hardness and the extremely thin oxidation film formed on their surfaces, which can accelerate their failure and reduce their service life. In response to this situation, CoCrFeNiNb high-entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings with Y2O3 (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%) were successfully prepared on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The effects of Y2O3 addition content on the microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were investigated comprehensively by x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness tests, electrochemical tests and tribocorrosion tests in this work. Other than them, tribocorrosion behaviors of the coatings were especially highlighted in two different environments (neutral (pH 7) and acid (pH 3) solutions). The results showed the significant enhancement in microhardness with the introduction of Y2O3 due to the microstructural refinement and the formation of Laves phase Cr2Nb in the coatings. The coating with 2 wt% Y2O3 performed the most excellent corrosion resistance (neutral solution: Ecorr = −0.12 V; acid solution: Ecorr = 0.043 V) increased by 55.5% and 115.0% of the coating without Y2O3. As well as, the coating also demonstrated the lowest wear rates (neutral solution: 3.32 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1; acid solution: 2.24 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1) reduced by 17.8% and 33.3% of the coating without Y2O3. The superior tribocorrosion resistance and corrosion resistance make CoCrFeNiNb+2 wt% Y2O3 HEA coating show a tremendous potential in aerospace and marine applications.
Mechanical and physical characterization of chemically treated Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis polymer matrix composites using deep learning and statistical approach
Authors: Supriya J P , Shetty Raviraj , Shetty Sawan , Bolar Gururaj , Hegde Adithya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The transition to sustainable materials in composite manufacturing is crucial for reducing environmental impact and costs. Natural fibers, particularly from plants like Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional reinforcement materials in polymer composites. This study explores the development and characterization of polymer composites reinforced with chemically treated Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis (HRS) fibers. HRS fibers, derived from the plant Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, are notable for their availability, mechanical properties, and environmental benefits. The research investigates how fiber weight percentage, fiber length, and fiber thickness affect the physical and mechanical properties of the composites, including void content, microhardness, water absorption, tensile strength, flexural strength, and Impact Strength. Composites with a fiber configuration of 15 Wt%, 10 mm length, and 2 mm thickness have exhibited optimal performance, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 30.76 MPa, flexural strength of 50.8 MPa, Impact Strength of 119 J m−1, and a peak microhardness of 22.326 Hv. These parameters significantly enhance the composite’s structural integrity and durability. The study also highlights the critical role of fiber dimensions i.e. with greater fiber weight percentages leading to increased void content and water absorption rates, which peaked at 6.19% and 3.45%, respectively. Further, predictive modelling using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network (FFANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that FFANN has outperformed RSM, achieving an average accuracy of 95%–98% compared to the average accuracy of RSM at 85%–90%. Finally, microstructural analysis has corroborated with the experimental results, highlighting the potential of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis fibers in enhancing the performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites for various industrial applications.
Extracting work from coherence in a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Williamson L A , Cerisola F , Anders J , Davis Matthew J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show how work can be extracted from number-state coherence in a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate. With careful tuning of parameters, a sequence of thermodynamically reversible steps transforms a Glauber coherent state into a thermal state with the same energy probability distribution. The work extracted during this process arises entirely from the removal of quantum coherence. More generally, we characterise quantum (from coherence) and classical (remaining) contributions to work output, and find that in this system the quantum contribution can be dominant over a broad range of parameters. The proportion of quantum work output can be further enhanced by squeezing the initial state. Due to the many-body nature of the system, the work from coherence can equivalently be understood as work from entanglement.
Variational post-selection for ground states and thermal states simulation
Authors: Zhang Shi-Xin , Miao Jiaqi , Hsieh Chang-Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Variational quantum algorithms, as one of the most promising routes in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, offer various potential applications while also confronting severe challenges due to near-term quantum hardware restrictions. In this work, we propose a framework to enhance the expressiveness of a variational quantum ansatz by incorporating variational post-selection techniques. These techniques apply variational modules and neural network post-processing on ancilla qubits, which are compatible with the current generation of quantum devices. Equipped with variational post-selection, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the variational ground state and thermal state preparation for both quantum spin and molecule systems is substantially improved. Notably, in the case of estimating the local properties of a thermalized quantum system, we present a scalable approach that outperforms previous methods through the combination of neural post-selection and a new optimization objective.
Unveiling the potential of electric-arc sprayed aluminum bronze coatings on 316L stainless steel for high-temperature environments
Authors: Inam Aqil , Shakoor Abdul , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Arif Khizra , Sajid Muhammad , Tariq Hafiz Muhammad Rehan , Mansoor Adil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the safe working temperature of aluminum bronze coatings on stainless steel by investigating their dry oxidation behavior at various temperatures. Aluminum bronze was deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates using an electric-arc spray coating, followed by heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. SEM and EDX analysis revealed that the aluminum bronze coating can safely operate up to approximately 800 °C. Given that boilers made from 316L stainless steel typically operate within the 500 to 700 °C temperature range, they are prone to wear and corrosion. Applying aluminum bronze coatings can mitigate these issues, enhancing corrosion resistance, thus extending the service life of the boilers.
Impact of zeolite and various doses of aluminium stearate powder on the properties of aerated concrete blocks
Authors: Anand Pradyut , Sinha Anand Kumar , Rajhans Puja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effects of zeolite with an alkaline solution prepared combining Na2SiO3 and NaOH on the compressive strength, water absorption and block density of aerated concrete were investigated. Further, the effect of varying concentrations of the hydrophobic material i.e., aluminium stearate powder (1%, 3%, and 5%) on mechanical and durability properties are also investigated. The results of the study showed that the use of zeolite with an alkaline solution improved the compressive strength of the aerated concrete blocks. The blocks made with 5% aluminium stearate powder had the highest compressive strength and lowest block density and water absorption, followed by those made with 3% and 1% aluminium stearate powder. The porosity of the aerated concrete blocks decreased with the addition of zeolite and increased with the addition of aluminium stearate powder. The blocks made with 5% aluminium stearate powder and zeolite had the highest porosity and lowest block density, indicating that the addition of aluminium stearate could help reduce the weight of aerated concrete blocks. In conclusion, the use of zeolite with an alkaline solution and aluminium stearate powder heat cured using an accelerated curing tank (ACT) can improve the mechanical and durability properties of aerated concrete blocks.
The ‘Mortall God’ Vindicated
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This brief concluding chapter traces the argumentative structure Hobbes erected to vindicate the sovereign from all taints of injustice. The conceptual building blocks of Hobbes’s civil theodicy, the chapter point outs, are all relational notions. For Hobbes, the same action can be just towards some persons and unjust towards others; obligations can be owed to you but not to me; and (paradoxically) people may have the right vis-à-vis others to do what divine law forbids them to. The relational character of law, justice, right, and obligation allows Hobbes to hold that sovereigns governing in ways contrary to natural law wrong God—but not their subjects. Hobbes’s civil theodicy is argumentatively overdetermined: supported by multiple, sometimes mutually incompatible lines of argument. Hobbes’s reasons for pursuing argumentative overdetermination, the chapter suggests, were partly rhetorical, partly required by systematic considerations. The chapter closes by reassessing Hobbes’s relation to political realism and to realism about war.
Introduction
Authors: Abraham Haim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aims of this introductory chapter are threefold. First, the chapter elaborates on the scope and character of two of the frameworks used—international humanitarian law and corrective justice—and shows why they are relevant to the argument that is being advanced in this book. Second, the chapter demonstrates why the most appropriate forum to bring a claim in tort to is that of the state that inflicted the wrong or is affiliated with the wrongdoer, and it offers a brief gloss of how choice of law rules impacts the main arguments. Third, the chapter provides a roadmap of the structure and content of the arguments that are made in each of the subsequent chapters.
Intentional Torts in War
Authors: Abraham Haim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The analysis in this chapter establishes that tort liability could be imposed for intentional belligerent wrongs using ordinary doctrines. The articulation of belligerent wrongs as an infliction of a loss that breaches international humanitarian law or the rules of engagement results in intentional torts being available in a narrower set of circumstances than for equivalent wrongs inflicted through non-combatant activities. It is not enough for states and combatants to intend to use or damage non-combatants’ bodies or means. They must also act with sufficient intent that would deem their combatant activities as breaching international humanitarian law or the rules of engagement. While the chapter addresses the elements shared by all intentional torts—an intentional interference with another person’s body or means, without consent or authority—the articulation of intentional belligerent torts suggests that their infliction involves an element of misuse or abuse of public power. It is within combatants and states’ power to inflict losses on non-combatants, but only as long as doing so complies with the principles of necessity, distinction, and proportionality. Losses that violate these principles could be said to be an instance of abuse of public power, or even ultra vires. Given this apparent element of misuse or abuse of public power, one intentional tort seems to lend itself particularly relevant to this context, and that is the tort of misfeasance in public office.
Conclusions: A Case for Tort Liability for Belligerent Wrongs
Authors: Abraham Haim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aims of this chapter are threefold. First, it recaps the arguments made in previous chapters, according to which there is nothing about warfare that necessarily renders tort law and theory as inherently inapplicable in the context of warfare, and indicates that there are good normative and policy reasons for tort law to be an available recourse for redressing belligerent wrongs. Second, this chapter demonstrates that the arguments advanced in this book align with an overall move to constrain sovereign immunity and the abandonment of the position that human rights do not apply during armed conflict. Third, some remaining potential critiques regarding the adequacy of ordinary tort law as the means to redress belligerent wrongs, as opposed to a new tort of violating customary international law or developing remedies under international law, are addressed.
Late olfactory bulb involvement in COVID-19
Authors: Morra Francesco , Minerva Matteo , Valeggia Silvia , Librizzi Giovanni , Tramarin Elena , Scalpelli Caterina , Bordin Anna , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Gaudioso Piergiorgio , Bertoldo Alessandra , Moretto Manuela , Miola Alessandro , Lupia Eleonora , Ceccato Riccardo , Mucignat Carla , Antonini Angelo , Manara Renzo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transient or persistent hypo-anosmia is common in SARS‑CoV‑2 infection but olfactory pathway late-term morphometric changes are still under investigation. We evaluated late olfactory bulb (OB) imaging changes and their correlates with the olfactory function in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Eighty-three subjects (mean-age 43 ± 14 yr; 54 females; time-interval infection/MRI: 129±68 d) were affected by asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 in 2020 and 25 healthy controls (mean-age 40 ± 13 yr; 9 females) underwent 3T-MRI and olfactory function evaluation through anamnestic questionnaire and Sniffin’ Sticks. Exclusion criteria were intensive care treatment or neurological involvement other than olfaction. Maximal OB area was measured blindly on high-resolution coronal T2w images by 2 observers. Patients were subdivided into (i) persistently hypo/anosmic, (ii) recovered normosmic, and (iii) never complaining smell dysfunction with proven normal olfactory function. No significant differences were observed among patients’ subgroups (P = 0.76). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were high (r = 0.96 and 0.86). Former COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) patients had decreased mean maximal OB area than controls (6.52 ± 1.11 mm2 vs. 7.26 ± 1.17 mm2, P = 0.008) even when considering persistently hypo-anosmic (6.46 ± 0.90, P = 0.006) or normosmic patients at MRI (6.57 ± 1.25, P = 0.04). SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with mid/late-term morphological changes in the OB, regardless of presence or persistence of olfactory dysfunction. The long-term consequences on olfactory aging need to be further investigated including possible links with neurodegenerative disorders.
The microcirculation in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Schemmelmann Mara , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate cardiac output, leading to end-organ hypoperfusion and associated mortality rates ranging between 40 and 50%. The critical role of microcirculatory impairments in the progression of organ failure during shock has been highlighted in several studies. Traditional therapies have often focused on stabilizing macrocirculation, neglecting microcirculatory dysfunction, which can result in persistent tissue hypoxia and poor outcomes. This review highlights the importance of assessing microcirculation in cardiogenic shock, including parameters such as skin perfusion, sublingual microcirculation, and lactate dynamics. Integrating microcirculatory assessments into clinical practice remains challenging due to the complexity of the methods and limited therapeutic options targeting microvascular perfusion. While advances in microcirculation-guided therapies hold promise for improving outcomes in cardiogenic shock, further research is needed to establish effective protocols.