bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gas on the polymer temperature in external gas-assisted injection molding
Authors: Li Taidong , Li Jiquan , Desplentere Frederik , Xia Xinxin , Peng Xiang , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The introduction of gas is the principal difference between external gas-assisted injection molding (EGAIM) and conventional injection molding. In this study, the effects of gas thickness and gas delay time on polymer temperature were discussed. A modified one-dimensional transient heat conduction model of polymer was established to reveal the relationships between polymer temperature and gas thickness and gas delay time in EGAIM. The temperature histories of polymer were obtained by the simulation methods, including Moldflow and ANSYS, and were verified by comparing the experimental data to numerical simulation results. The effects of gas thickness and gas delay time on the temperature histories of polymer will be discussed in detail. The results showed that the polymer temperature is strongly affected by the heat preservation of gas, which in turn, increases with the increase of gas thickness and delay time. This paper provides quantitative methods and theoretical guidance for the study of the effects of gas on the polymer temperature in EGAIM.
Homogenous recycling of transuranium elements from irradiated fast reactor fuel by the EURO-GANEX solvent extraction process
Authors: Malmbeck Rikard , Magnusson Daniel , Bourg Stéphane , Carrott Michael , Geist Andreas , Hérès Xavier , Miguirditchian Manuel , Modolo Giuseppe , Müllich Udo , Sorel Christian , Taylor Robin , Wilden Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The EURO-GANEX process was developed for co-separating transuranium elements from irradiated nuclear fuels. A hot flow-sheet trial was performed in a counter-current centrifugal contactor setup, using a genuine high active feed solution. Irradiated mixed (carbide, nitride) U80Pu20 fast reactor fuel containing 20 % Pu was thermally treated to oxidise it to the oxide form which was then dissolved in HNO3. From this solution uranium was separated to >99.9 % in a primary solvent extraction cycle using 1.0 mol/L DEHiBA (N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide in TPH (hydrogenated tetrapropene) as the organic phase. The raffinate solution from this process, containing 10 g/L Pu, was further processed in a second cycle of solvent extraction. In this EURO-GANEX flow-sheet, TRU and fission product lanthanides were firstly co-extracted into a solvent composed of 0.2 mol/L TODGA (N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) and 0.5 mol/L DMDOHEMA (N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dioctyl-2-(2-hexyloxy-ethyl) malonamide) dissolved in Exxsol D80, separating them from most other fission and corrosion products. Subsequently, the TRU were selectively stripped from the collected loaded solvent using a solution containing 0.055 mol/L SO3-Ph-BTP (2,6-bis(5,6-di(3-sulphophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine tetrasodium salt) and 1 mol/L AHA (acetohydroxamic acid) in 0.5 mol/L HNO3; lanthanides were finally stripped using 0.01 mol/L HNO3. Approximately 99.9 % of the TRU and less than 0.1 % of the lanthanides were found in the product solution, which also contained the major fractions of Zr and Mo.
Modeling the sorption of Np(V) on Na-montmorillonite – effects of pH, ionic strength and CO2
Authors: Scholze Raphael , Amayri Samer , Reich Tobias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Results from batch type experiments were modeled using the 2 SPNE SC/CE model developed by Bradbury and Baeyens. This work focused on the applicability of this model to the sorption of Np(V) on Na-montmorillonite under high saline conditions (0.1–3.0 M NaCl) in the pH range of 2–10 and in the presence of dissolved CO2 (p(CO2) = 10−3.3 atm). Under ambient air conditions two additional surface complexation species had to be taken into account, which are ternary species involving one carbonate ligand (≡SONpO2(CO3)2−, ≡SONpO2(CO3)Na−). The gained set of complexation parameters was successfully tested over a wide range of Np(V) concentrations (10−4 to 10−12 M) under Ar atmosphere and ambient air condition.
Ceramics-based Drug Delivery System: A Review and Outlook
Authors: Zang Sitian , Chang Shijie , Shahzad M. Babar , Sun Xiaoting , Jiang Xiran , Yang Huazhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe drug delivery system (DDS) is a hot spot in the field of medicine due to their favorable characteristics, such as the realizability of targeted therapy, sustained and controlled release of drug. Ceramic materials have abundant desirable properties, such as simple preparation, adjustable size and structure, surface area to volume ratio, desirable stability under physiological conditions and excellent biocompatibility, etc. Hence they have been successfully applied in the field of DDS considerably in decades, acting as drug carriers. Traditional ceramic materials refer to inorganic solid compound. They are mainly composed of carbides, oxides such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, silica, zeolite, and zirconia, etc. This review summarized the applications of the ceramic materials in the field of DDS in recent years, meanwhile the outlooks of future development were also proposed.
A review on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by adsorption using sorbents derived from waste
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Sethupathi Sumathi , Kanadasan Gobi , Lau Lee Chung , Kanthasamy Ramesh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiogas is a vital renewable energy source that could play an effective role in fulfilling the world’s energy demand, not only in heat and power generation but also as a vehicle fuel in the future. Unfortunately, due to impurities, biogas requires a series of upgrading steps, which affects its economics and sustainability. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the impurities that economically and environmentally hinder the biogas utilization as a source of energy. H2S removal from biogas using different technologies was extensively studied and established. One of such technology is adsorption. Adsorption by solid sorbents is considered as a suitable removal technique for toxic gases such as H2S because of its simplicity, easy handling, and environmental friendly sorbents. In this review, the utilization of waste material-based sorbent for H2S removal was appraised. Other gaseous components of biogas such as siloxanes, CO2, etc., are out of the scope of this work. The potential and effectiveness of the waste-derived sorbents, either raw waste or modified waste, were summarized in terms of its characteristics, suitability, and sustainability. The review provides an insightful analysis of different types of wastes such as sewage sludge, food waste, forestry waste, fly ash, and industrial wastes as an alternative to commercial adsorbents to adsorb H2S gas. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that if these sorbents are to be successfully commercialized, its economic analysis, regeneration conditions, and potential utilization of the spent sorbents has to be further exploited. Nevertheless, there is a great prospectus in the future for these waste materials to be utilized as sorbents for H2S removal.
Monitoring and assessment of formaldehyde levels in residential areas from two cities in Romania
Authors: Neamtiu Iulia A. , Cimpan Tiberiu , Zhou Jieqiong , Schiopu Irina , Surcel Mihai , Lin Shao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Formaldehyde has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the air, and people are exposed to it worldwide. However, few studies have evaluated the temporal-spatial levels/changes of formaldehyde exposure at residences, and the relationship between its outdoor and indoor levels has been rarely examined. The aim of this study was to assess community formaldehyde exposure in Sebes and Aiud, Romania to identify: (1) home environment characteristics that may play an important role in exposure; and understand: (2) if there were differences in formaldehyde levels between the two cities; (3) if there were temporal variations within each city; and (4) whether outdoor formaldehyde levels influence indoor levels. We simultaneously performed indoor and outdoor active air sampling for formaldehyde at each investigated residential location over a 3-year period and analyzed the samples by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The mean values of indoor and outdoor formaldehyde levels in both cities fell in the range 0.014–0.035 mg/m3. The correlation analysis indicated mostly positive but not significant (p > 0.05) correlations between indoor formaldehyde and microclimate factors (temperature, humidity, pressure). Notably, home insulation was found to be significantly correlated with increased indoor formaldehyde levels. There were no significant differences in mean indoor or outdoor formaldehyde levels between Sebes and Aiud over the 3-year study period. When comparing the formaldehyde levels in both cities over the 3-year period, only outdoor formaldehyde levels were significantly higher in 2016, as compared to those in 2017 and 2018.
Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Sharma Anupama 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human body. Its exposure induces various health impairments including hostile reproductive health.

Objective
The present review discusses the information on exposure to Cd and human reproductive health impairments including pregnancy or its outcome with respect to environmental and occupational exposure.

Methods
The present review provides current information on the reproductive toxic potential of Cd in humans. The data were collected using various websites and consulting books, reports, etc. We have included recent data which were published from 2000 onward in this review.

Results
Cd exposure affects human male reproductive organs/system and deteriorates spermatogenesis, semen quality especially sperm motility and hormonal synthesis/release. Based on experimental and human studies, it also impairs female reproduction and reproductive hormonal balance and affects menstrual cycles. Based on the literature, it might be concluded that exposure to Cd at low doses has adverse effects on both human male and female reproduction and affects pregnancy or its outcome. Further, maternal prenatal Cd exposure might have a differential effect on male and female offspring especially affecting more female offspring. Hence, efforts must be made to prevent exposure to Cd.

Conclusion
Cd affects both male and female reproduction, impairs hormone synthesis/regulation and deteriorates pregnancy rate or its outcome even at lower doses.
Behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by chronic use of crack cocaine
Authors: Rosário Bárbara dos Anjos , de Nazaré Maria de Fátima Santana , Estadella Débora , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Viana Milena de Barros 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine and can be smoked, and rapidly absorbed, and, in part for this reason, is potently addictive. It is hypothesized that crack cocaine is able to induce important changes in different tissues and organs, and thus dramatically alter behavior. Nevertheless, which alterations in the central nervous system are related to its frequent use is still a matter of discussion. The present study is a literature review of articles published between the years 2008 and 2018 on the theme ‘crack cocaine and brain’ available in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar databases. The results show that the use of crack cocaine induces important behavioral, neuroanatomical, and biochemical alterations. The main behavioral sequelae include cognitive and emotional changes, such as increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, attention and memory deficits, and hyperactivity. Among the neurobiological alterations are reductions in the activity of the prefrontal, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Molecular changes include decreases in neurotrophic factors and increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which may be responsible for the morphological alterations observed. It is also hypothesized that these neurobiological changes might explain the emotional and cognitive dysfunctions experienced by crack cocaine addicts.
The structure of non-human cognitive neuroscience: an epistemological critique
Authors: Almeida Francisco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Every scientific practice rests on implicit unrevised theoretical assumptions. Neuroscience, in particular, focuses on a very controversial object of study-the brain and is therefore prone to tacitly embrace philosophical positions in its everyday workings. It is thus, of utmost importance, to develop a critique of the structure of neuroscientific investigation so as to understand what the uncovered pillars of the field are, what pitfalls they may implicate and how we can correct them. In this paper, I gather the first critiques in animal cognitive neuroscience and hope to establish the first step in a continuous process of revision. By applying a conceptual division of neuroscience into cognitive, behavioral and neurobiological theories, I point out the main problems in articulating the three, based on actual scientific practice rather than purely theoretical reasoning. I conclude by proposing developments on behavioral theory and set an initial critique on assumptions on both cognitive and neurobiological theories.
Actividades de imagen en las páginas Facebook de pediatras españoles: el caso de “Lucía, mi pediatra”
Authors: Mapelli Giovanna 
Published: May 2019

ResumenLa Web 2.0 ha cambiado las modalidades en las que se desarrolla el encuentro tanto entre médico y paciente como entre paciente y paciente. En particular, el médico tiene un deseo de imagen específico en relación con su rol y explota los nuevos canales comunicativos, como las redes sociales, para difundir nuevos contenidos y promover sus actividades, para potenciar la relación con el ciudadano o para amplificar sus ideas entre los profesionales.En el marco de la pragmática sociocultural, este trabajo estudia las publicaciones en Facebook de una pediatra española y los comentarios correspondientes recibidos durante los años 2018 y 2019, con el objetivo de destacar las estrategias de imagen que el facultativo y los progenitores del paciente adoptan y los efectos que producen en la imagen de los interlocutores. Los resultados demuestran que el profesional recurre sobre todo a actividades de autoimagen y cortesía donde las categorías de autonomía y afiliación se ponen de manifiesto para crear un clima de confianza interpersonal. En las respuestas de los seguidores se observan actividades de cortesía valorizadora. Facebook se configura como unacibervitrinaen la que el médico realza su imagen mediante la autopromoción de sus actividades, y a través de las manifestaciones de interés y acuerdo y de cortesía positiva por parte de losamigosen la red social.
Investigation and isolation of peptide based antiglycating agents from various sources
Authors: Kani Hatice K. , Kocazorbaz Ebru K. , Zihnioglu Figen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
In this work, peptide based antiglycation agents from various sources against the advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) formation was investigated.

Materials and methods
As a source of peptides with deglycating activity, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Avena sativa, Prunus dulcis ve Juglans regia were used. The metal chelating activity and antioxidant activity were determined by Cu(II) chelating activity and CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) methods. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated through BSA-glucose model.

Results
Most of the extracts obtained have inhibitory activity against AGE formation. Among all plant peptide isolates soybean was found to be most efficient by means of antiglycating (IC50 1.33 μg/mL), antioxidant (28.2 ± 1.4 μmol AAE/mg) and metal chelation activity (55%).

Conclusion
As a result, this study can provide preliminary data to literature to support researches those focused on peptide based glycation inhibitors and discovery of potent AGE inhibitory peptides.
Harvesting the Electromagnetic Energy Confined Close to a Hot Body
Authors: Ben-Abdallah Philippe , Biehs Svend-Age 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the close vicinity of a hot body, at distances smaller than the thermal wavelength, a high electromagnetic energy density exists due to the presence of evanescent fields radiated by the partial charges in thermal motion around its surface. This energy density can surpass the energy density in vacuum by several orders of magnitude. By approaching a photovoltaic (PV) cell with a band gap in the infrared frequency range, this nonradiative energy can be transferred to it by photon tunnelling and surface mode coupling. Here we review the basic ideas and recent progress in near-field energy harvesting.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of nickel(II) and copper(II) coordination polymers with the 5-ethyl-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate ligand
Authors: Tang Long , Wang YingLu , Yin SiYu , Shi DeQian , Wang JiJiang , Wang Xiao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The reactions of Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O/Cu(OAc)2 · H2O, 5-ethyl-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (H2epda), and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) under hydrothermal condition produced two new coordination polymers [Ni(Hepda)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Cu(epda)(2,2′-bipy)] (2), which were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, each NiII center is six-coordinated in a distorted NiO4N2 octahedral geometry. Adjacent structural units are joined by strong intermolecular O–H · · · O hydrogen bonding to generate a layered structure. In 2, the CuII centers are bridged by epda dianions to form chains, where the 2,2′-bipy ligands bristle out on two sides, establishing π-π stacking interactions, Adjacent chains are thus aggregated in layers. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 were investigated, and the exchange interactions were found to be −1.62 and −2.24 cm−1, respectively.
The bio-relevant metals of the periodic table of the elements
Authors: Sigel Helmut , Sigel Astrid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe bio-relevant metals (and derived compounds) of thePeriodic Table of the Elements(PTE) are in the focus. The bulk elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) from thes-block, which are essential for all kingdoms of life, and some of their bio-activities are discussed. The trace elements of thed-block of thePTEas far as they are essential for humans (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo) are emphasized, but V, Ni, Cd, and W, which are essential only for some forms of life, are also considered. Chromium is no longer classified as being essential. From thep-block metals only the metalloid (half-metal) selenium (Se) is essential for all forms of life. Two other metalloids, silicon and arsenic, are briefly mentioned, but they have not been proven as being essential for humans. All metals of thePTEand a plethora of their compounds are used in industry and many of them are highly toxic, like lead (Pb), which is discussed as a prime example. Several metals of thePTE, that is, their ions and complexes, are employed in medicine and we discuss the role of lithium, gallium, strontium, technetium, silver, gadolinium (the onlyf-block element), platinum, and gold.
A nyaki ütőerek dissectiója – 19 eset retrospektív elemzése
Authors: Forró Csilla , Mészáros Zsófia , Sipos Márton , Kerényi Rita Zsuzsanna , Barsi Péter , Rudas Gábor , Bereczki Dániel , Vastagh Ildikó 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Cervical artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in young adults. It might occur shortly after a forceful neck trauma or a minor injury. However, spontaneous dissection is also common, which is associated with genetic, anatomical or environmental risk factors. Cervical artery dissection can produce a broad spectrum of clinical presentation varying from local symptoms to focal neurological deficits determined by the arterial territory involved. Early recognition is important since immediate initiation of treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes. While clinical features may raise suspicion for dissection, the diagnosis has to be confirmed by neuroimaging findings. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on cervical (carotid and vertebral) artery dissections while presenting 19 cases. During three years, we evaluated the clinical features, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of these patients admitted with extracranial artery dissection. The prognosis of the disease can vary, 42% of our patients became asymptomatic. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(22): 861–868.
A középarc lágy részeinek nasolabialis függesztése: új, minimálinvazív és reverzibilis módszer az arc statikus szimmetrizálására végleges arcidegbénulásban
Authors: Vass Gábor , Bere Zsófia , Szabó Diána , Rovó László 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Introduction: For the treatment of asymmetry of the midface due to permanent peripheral facial nerve palsy of different etiologies – which means a great psychical burden for the patients – several surgical solutions have been described. Aim: Our goal was to elaborate a minimally invasive surgical technique, that, on one hand, restores an adequate nasolabial fold, which is the most determinative keystone of facial symmetry. On the other hand, our technique can give an appropriate lift for the malar fat pad with shorter operative time and burden, with much lower complication rate and shorter recovery period compared to the classic static sling suspension techniques. Method: Out method is based on the formation of a neo-nasolabial fold, which is then suspended to the temporal fascia by permanent threads thus restoring facial symmetry and giving a lifting effect on the midfacial soft tissues as well. Results: Between 2014 and 2017, six patients had been operated with this nasolabial lifting technique of the malar fat pad without any major complications under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis at our Department. Conclusions: As our surgical exploration is minimal, the postoperative period is shorter, no visible scars remain on the face and the complication rate is negligible. If necessary, suspension could easily be adjusted, and as the technique is reversible, no other possible facial reconstruction methods are excluded. Our method can symmetrize the face in resting position completely on the long term, which is the most important issue for our patients according to their feedback. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(22): 869–872.