bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical Treatment of Chest Wall Deformities: Contradiction or Complement?
Authors: Häcker Frank-Martin 
Published: August 2018

For decades, open surgical repair was the only available method to treat congenital and acquired chest wall deformities (CWDs). In 1998, D. Nuss described a minimally invasive procedure for surgical repair of pectus excavatum (PE), and a few years later H. Abramson reported on his experience with the “reversed Nuss technique” for surgical repair of pectus carinatum (PC). Both procedures are performed with increasing frequency worldwide.However, nonsurgical measures such as vacuum bell (VB) therapy for conservative treatment of PE and more differentiated bracing systems for conservative treatment of PC were established 15 to 20 years ago. Nowadays, information on new therapeutic modalities circulates not only among surgeons and pediatricians, but also rapidly among patients. In particular, patients who refused operative treatment by previously available procedures now appear at the outpatient clinic and request to be considered for the new methods.Analyzing the increasing number of studies reporting on conservative treatment of CWDs as well as our own group of patients who visited a busy outpatient clinic in a small country within the last 15 to 20 years, we have to realize that the majority of patients asked for nonsurgical treatment of their CWD. Based on these experiences and results, we have to realize that nonsurgical treatment of CWD is no contradiction but a helpful complement to treat congenital and acquired CWDs and may be applied for the majority of patients suffering from a CWD.
All-Cause Mortality Risk with Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin in the Primary Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Roetker Nicholas , Lutsey Pamela , Zakai Neil , Alonso Alvaro , Adam Terrence , MacLehose Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOral anticoagulants used for the primary treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) include warfarin and the more recently introduced direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban. Information on the comparative safety of these medications in routine clinical practice is lacking. We identified patients with diagnoses for VTE and prescriptions for oral anticoagulants using claims data from a large U.S. insurance database from 2012 to 2017. Marginal structural logistic models were used to examine associations between type of oral anticoagulant and risk of all-cause mortality. Of 62,431 enrolees in this analysis, 51% were female and the mean age was 61.9 years. Initial oral anticoagulant prescriptions were for warfarin (n = 35,704), rivaroxaban (n = 21,064) and apixaban (n = 5,663). A total of 1,791 deaths occurred within 6 months of the initial oral anticoagulant prescription. Risk of all-cause mortality was not associated with having a prescription for warfarin versus any DOAC or between any head-to-head DOAC comparisons. Also, associations generally did not vary when stratified by VTE type, sex, age, co-morbidities (including renal disease) or anti-platelet medication use. In this observational study, the associations with all-cause mortality comparing DOACs versus warfarin agree with results from previous clinical trials and observational studies, while the associations for head-to-head DOAC comparisons provide new information on the comparative safety of DOACs. Our findings suggest that other criteria such as patient preference, cost, recurrent VTE risk or bleeding risk should be used when determining the choice of anticoagulant for the primary treatment of VTE.
Vegfaa instructs cardiac muscle hyperplasia in adult zebrafish
Authors: Karra Ravi , Foglia Matthew J. , Choi Wen-Yee , Belliveau Christine , DeBenedittis Paige , Poss Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceThe human heart is unable to meaningfully recover lost cardiac muscle after injury. As a result, injuries such as myocardial infarction cause irreversible damage that increases the risk for heart failure. Replacing lost or dysfunctional cardiac tissue can potentially reverse or prevent heart failure. Here we demonstrate that experimentally increasing expression of the angiogenic factorvegfaaalone is able to induce a cardiac growth program in zebrafish. We also show evidence that the site ofvegfaaexpression is important for patterning the cardiac growth response. This work identifies Vegfa as a growth factor capable of activating genetic programs for heart regeneration and has generalizable implications for therapeutic administration of cardiac growth factors.
Linguistic effect on speech perception observed at the brainstem
Authors: Zhao T. Christina , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Early linguistic experience affects perception and cortical processing of speech, even in infants. The current study examined whether linguistic effects extend to brainstem speech encoding, where responses are rapid, automatic, and preattentive. We focused on transient consonants and measured perception behaviorally and the corresponding complex auditory brainstem response (cABR) onset using simultaneous electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) in native Spanish and English speakers. We demonstrate that the latency of an EEG-cABR onset peak predicts consonant perception and that the perception differs according to language background. MEG-cABR analysis demonstrates deep sources for the onset, providing complimentary support for a brainstem origin. Effects of early linguistic experience on speech perception can be observed at the earlier stage of speech encoding at the brainstem.
Evidence for the impact of the 8.2-kyBP climate event on Near Eastern early farmers
Authors: Roffet-Salque Mélanie , Marciniak Arkadiusz , Valdes Paul J. , Pawłowska Kamilla , Pyzel Joanna , Czerniak Lech , Krüger Marta , Roberts C. Neil , Pitter Sharmini , Evershed Richard P. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
This study reveals that animal fats preserved in pottery vessels from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site of Çatalhöyük recorded the abrupt 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event in their hydrogen isotopic compositions. In addition, significant changes are observed in the archaeology and faunal assemblage of the site, showing how the early farming community at Çatalhöyük had to adapt to climate change. Significantly, this contribution shows that individual biomolecules preserved in ancient animal fats can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate records and thus, provides a powerful tool for the detection of climatic events at well-dated onsite terrestrial locations (i.e., at the very settlements where human populations lived).
Electron tomography reveals details of the internal microstructure of desalination membranes
Authors: Culp Tyler E. , Shen Yue-xiao , Geitner Michael , Paul Mou , Roy Abhishek , Behr Michael J. , Rosenberg Steve , Gu Junsi , Kumar Manish , Gomez Enrique D. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The development of membrane materials is limited by our lack of tools to characterize their complex microstructure. We demonstrate how a combination of careful sample preparation, electron tomography, and quantitative analysis of 3D models can provide unique insights into the morphology of polyamide active layers used in reverse osmosis membranes. Extracting the 3D morphology is required to obtain accurate estimates of the top surface area and internal void fraction. Furthermore, mapping the internal heterogeneity shows that polymer density is highest near the top surface and suggests new models of how microstructure and membrane performance is connected.
Spectroscopic ruler for measuring active-site distortions based on Raman optical activity of a hydrogen out-of-plane vibration
Authors: Haraguchi Shojiro , Shingae Takahito , Fujisawa Tomotsumi , Kasai Noritaka , Kumauchi Masato , Hanamoto Takeshi , Hoff Wouter D. , Unno Masashi 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Many biological cofactors, including light-absorbing chromophores in photoreceptors, are modulated upon insertion into a protein. The steric contribution can cause structural distortions in the cofactor, and such effects are considered to be crucial for biological function. For example, the out-of-plane distortion of chromophores is a key factor in controlling their absorption spectra. In spite of the functional importance, such structural distortions are difficult to measure experimentally. In this study, we used a unique capability of Raman optical activity (ROA) to address the above-mentioned issue. This study applied ROA spectroscopy to a photoreceptor protein and indicates that a hydrogen out-of-plane ROA band provides a spectroscopic ruler for the out-of-plane distortion of the chromophore that is embedded in a protein environment.
Proteomic analysis of monolayer-integrated proteins on lipid droplets identifies amphipathic interfacial α-helical membrane anchors
Authors: Pataki Camille I. , Rodrigues João , Zhang Lichao , Qian Junyang , Efron Bradley , Hastie Trevor , Elias Joshua E. , Levitt Michael , Kopito Ron R. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceBiological membranes are semipermeable barriers that are composed primarily of phospholipid bilayers or monolayers and proteins. Proteins embedded within membranes are extremely diverse in structure and function. Some membrane-integrated proteins do not fully span phospholipid bilayers but play key roles in organizing membrane surfaces. How these monolayer-integrated proteins interact with membranes has not been systematically investigated, primarily because they are very difficult to distinguish from the far more common class of proteins that fully traverse the phospholipid bilayer. We describe an approach to systematically identify monolayer-integrated proteins and demonstrate that interfacial α-helices are a structural motif that directs membrane integration for this important class of membrane protein.
Deciphering the super relaxed state of human β-cardiac myosin and the mode of action of mavacamten from myosin molecules to muscle fibers
Authors: Anderson Robert L. , Trivedi Darshan V. , Sarkar Saswata S. , Henze Marcus , Ma Weikang , Gong Henry , Rogers Christopher S. , Gorham Joshua M. , Wong Fiona L. , Morck Makenna M. , Seidman Jonathan G. , Ruppel Kathleen M. , Irving Thomas C. , Cooke Roger , Green Eric M. , Spudich James A. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Cardiac muscle contraction is powered by ATP hydrolysis during cycles of interaction between myosin-containing thick filaments and actin-containing thin filaments. This generates force in the cardiac muscle necessary for pumping blood through the body. Mutations in myosin alter this force generation leading to hypercontractility and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). An energy-conserving, super relaxed state (SRX) of myosin, which has a very low ATPase activity, has previously been described in muscle fibers. Destabilization of the SRX has been proposed to be a chief cause of HCM. This work sheds light on the biochemical and molecular nature of SRX and demonstrates the mechanism of action of mavacamten, a cardiac inhibitor in phase 2 clinical trials. Mavacamten exerts its effects primarily by stabilizing the SRX of β-cardiac myosin.
PathwayConnector: finding complementary pathways to enhance functional analysis
Authors: Minadakis George , Zachariou Margarita , Oulas Anastasis , Spyrou George M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Summary
PathwayConnector is a web-tool that facilitates the construction of complementary pathway-to-pathway networks and subnetworks of them, based on a reference pathway network derived from the rich information available either in KEGG or Reactome database for pathway mapping. Specifically, for a given set of pathways, PathwayConnector (i) finds all the direct connections between them, (ii) adds a minimum set of complementary pathways required to achieve connectivity between the pathways, leading to informative fully connected networks and (ii) provides a series of clustering methods for the further grouping of pathways in to sub-clusters. The proposed web-tool is a simple yet informative tool towards identifying connected groups of pathways that are significantly related to specific diseases.

Availability and implementation
http://bioinformatics.cing.ac.cy/PathwayConnector

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Constructing equivalence-preserving Dirac variational integrators with forces
Authors: Parks Helen , Leok Melvin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The dynamical motion of mechanical systems possesses underlying geometric structures and preserving these structures in numerical integration improves the qualitative accuracy and reduces the long-time error of the simulation. For a single mechanical system, structure preservation can be achieved by adopting the variational integrator construction (Marsden, J. & West, M. (2001) Discrete mechanics and variational integrators. Acta Numer., 10, 357–514). This construction has been generalized to more complex systems involving forces or constraints as well as to the setting of Dirac mechanics (Leok, M. & Ohsawa, T. (2011) Variational and geometric structures of discrete Dirac measures. Found. Comput. Math., 11, 529–562). Forced Lagrange–Dirac systems are described by a Lagrangian and an external force pair, and two pairs of Lagrangians and external forces are said to be equivalent if they yield the same equations of motion. However, the variational discretization of a forced Lagrange–Dirac system discretizes the Lagrangian and forces separately, and will generally depend on the choice of representation. In this paper we derive a class of Dirac variational integrators with forces that yield well-defined numerical methods that are independent of the choice of representation. We present a numerical simulation to demonstrate how such equivalence-preserving discretizations avoid spurious solutions that otherwise arise from poorly chosen representations.
The repeatability of cognitive performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cauchoix M. , Chow P. K. Y. , van Horik J. O. , Atance C. M. , Barbeau E. J. , Barragan-Jason G. , Bize P. , Boussard A. , Buechel S. D. , Cabirol A. , Cauchard L. , Claidière N. , Dalesman S. , Devaud J. M. , Didic M. , Doligez B. , Fagot J. , Fichtel C. , Henke-von der Malsburg J. , Hermer E. , Huber L. , Huebner F. , Kappeler P. M. , Klein S. , Langbein J. , Langley E. J. G. , Lea S. E. G. , Lihoreau M. , Lovlie H. , Matzel L. D. , Nakagawa S. , Nawroth C. , Oesterwind S. , Sauce B. , Smith E. A. , Sorato E. , Tebbich S. , Wallis L. J. , Whiteside M. A. , Wilkinson A. , Chaine A. S. , Morand-Ferron J. 
Published: August 2018

Behavioural and cognitive processes play important roles in mediating an individual's interactions with its environment. Yet, while there is a vast literature on repeatable individual differences in behaviour, relatively little is known about the repeatability of cognitive performance. To further our understanding of the evolution of cognition, we gathered 44 studies on individual performance of 25 species across six animal classes and used meta-analysis to assess whether cognitive performance is repeatable. We compared repeatability (R) in performance (1) on the same task presented at different times (temporal repeatability), and (2) on different tasks that measured the same putative cognitive ability (contextual repeatability). We also addressed whetherRestimates were influenced by seven extrinsic factors (moderators): type of cognitive performance measurement, type of cognitive task, delay between tests, origin of the subjects, experimental context, taxonomic class and publication status. We found support for both temporal and contextual repeatability of cognitive performance, with meanRestimates ranging between 0.15 and 0.28. Repeatability estimates were mostly influenced by the type of cognitive performance measures and publication status. Our findings highlight the widespread occurrence of consistent inter-individual variation in cognition across a range of taxa which, like behaviour, may be associated with fitness outcomes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.
A distributed brain network predicts general intelligence from resting-state human neuroimaging data
Authors: Dubois Julien , Galdi Paola , Paul Lynn K. , Adolphs Ralph 
Published: August 2018

Individual people differ in their ability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, plan and learn. A reliable measure of this general ability, also known as intelligence, can be derived from scores across a diverse set of cognitive tasks. There is great interest in understanding the neural underpinnings of individual differences in intelligence, because it is the single best predictor of long-term life success. The most replicated neural correlate of human intelligence to date is total brain volume; however, this coarse morphometric correlate says little about function. Here, we ask whether measurements of the activity of the resting brain (resting-state fMRI) might also carry information about intelligence. We used the final release of the Young Adult Human Connectome Project (N= 884 subjects after exclusions), providing a full hour of resting-state fMRI per subject; controlled for gender, age and brain volume; and derived a reliable estimate of general intelligence from scores on multiple cognitive tasks. Using a cross-validated predictive framework, we predicted 20% of the variance in general intelligence in the sampled population from their resting-state connectivity matrices. Interestingly, no single anatomical structure or network was responsible or necessary for this prediction, which instead relied on redundant information distributed across the brain.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.
Heritabilities and co-variation among cognitive traits in red junglefowl
Authors: Sorato Enrico , Zidar Josefina , Garnham Laura , Wilson Alastair , Løvlie Hanne 
Published: August 2018

Natural selection can act on between-individual variation in cognitive abilities, yet evolutionary responses depend on the presence of underlying genetic variation. It is, therefore, crucial to determine the relative extent of genetic versus environmental control of these among-individual differences in cognitive traits to understand their causes and evolutionary potential. We investigated heritability of associative learning performance and of a cognitive judgement bias (optimism), as well as their covariation, in a captive pedigree-bred population of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus,n> 300 chicks over 5 years). We analysed performance in discriminative and reversal learning (two facets of associative learning), and cognitive judgement bias, by conducting animal models to disentangle genetic from environmental contributions. We demonstrate moderate heritability for reversal learning, and weak to no heritability for optimism and discriminative learning, respectively. The two facets of associative learning were weakly negatively correlated, consistent with hypothesized trade-offs underpinning individual cognitive styles. Reversal, but not discriminative learning performance, was associated with judgement bias; less optimistic individuals reversed a previously learnt association faster. Together these results indicate that genetic and environmental contributions differ among traits. While modular models of cognitive abilities predict a lack of common genetic control for different cognitive traits, further investigation is required to fully ascertain the degree of covariation between a broader range of cognitive traits and the extent of any shared genetic control.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.
The impact of environmental interventions among mouse siblings on the heritability and malleability of general cognitive ability
Authors: Sauce Bruno , Bendrath Sophie , Herzfeld Margalit , Siegel Dan , Style Conner , Rab Sayeeda , Korabelnikov Jonathan , Matzel Louis D. 
Published: August 2018

General cognitive ability can be highly heritable in some species, but at the same time, is very malleable. This apparent paradox could potentially be explained by gene–environment interactions and correlations that remain hidden due to experimental limitations on human research and blind spots in animal research. Here, we shed light on this issue by combining the design of a sibling study with an environmental intervention administered to laboratory mice. The analysis included 58 litters of four full-sibling genetically heterogeneous CD-1 male mice, for a total of 232 mice. We separated the mice into two subsets of siblings: a control group (maintained in standard laboratory conditions) and an environmental-enrichment group (which had access to continuous physical exercise and daily exposure to novel environments). We found that general cognitive ability in mice has substantial heritability (24% for all mice) and is also malleable. The mice that experienced the enriched environment had a mean intelligence score that was 0.44 standard deviations higher than their siblings in the control group (equivalent to gains of 6.6 IQ points in humans). We also found that the estimate of heritability changed between groups (55% in the control group compared with non-significant 15% in the enrichment group), analogous to findings in humans across socio-economic status. Unexpectedly, no evidence of gene–environment interaction was detected, and so the change in heritability might be best explained by higher environmental variance in the enrichment group. Our findings, as well as the ‘sibling intervention procedure’ for mice, may be valuable to future research on the heritability, mechanisms and evolution of cognition.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.
Linking cognition with fitness in a wild primate: fitness correlates of problem-solving performance and spatial learning ability
Authors: Huebner Franziska , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: August 2018

Linking the cognitive performance of wild animals with fitness consequences is crucial for understanding evolutionary processes that shape individual variation in cognition. However, the few studies that have examined these links revealed differing relationships between various cognitive performance measures and fitness proxies. To contribute additional comparative data to this body of research, we linked individual performance during repeated problem-solving and spatial learning ability in a maze with body condition and survival in wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). All four variables exhibited substantial inter-individual variation. Solving efficiency in the problem-solving task, but not spatial learning performance, predicted the magnitude of change in body condition after the harsh dry season, indicating that the ability to quickly apply a newly discovered motor technique might also facilitate exploitation of new, natural food resources. Survival was not linked with performance in both tasks, however, suggesting that mouse lemurs' survival might not depend on the cognitive performances addressed here. Our study is the first linking cognition with fitness proxies in a wild primate species, and our discussion highlights the importance and challenges of accounting for a species’ life history and ecology in choosing meaningful cognitive and fitness variables for a study in the wild.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.