bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Streptomycin Antibiotic Loaded Organo-Kaolinite
Authors: Nur Aryantie Wan , Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin Muhammad , Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek Nik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Antibiotics are medicines used against bacterial infection. In spite of its significance to kill bacteria, it also shows a problem with antibiotics resistance that makes it less effective to kill bacteria. Therefore, an improvement for the antibacterial agent is needed to inhibit bacteria growth and infections. Organo-kaolinite was selected in this study to act as a carrier system to improve antibacterial agent immobilization and increase the effectiveness of the antibiotic activity. Organo-kaolinite was prepared using cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and it was adsorbed with different concentrations of streptomycin. The organo-kaolinite and streptomycin-organo-kaolinite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization results showed that the attachment of cationic surfactant molecules and the adsorption of streptomycin on kaolinite surfaces did not affect the structure and the original morphology of the kaolinite. The antibacterial assay of the samples was carried out against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) through disk diffusion technique (DDT). Based on the antibacterial assay results, streptomycin-organo-kaolinite showed better antibacterial activity compared to organo-kaolinite. This study revealed that the adsorption of streptomycin on organo-kaolinite showed a significant effect on killing bacteria and significantly increased its antibacterial activity compared to organo-kaolinite.
Identification of Antibiotic in Ethyl Acetate Fraction Produced by A Local Isolate PLS 80 Isolated from Shallow Sea Fumaroles
Authors: Iqbalsyah T M , Nisak C , Sartika F , Saidi N , Febriani F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The need for the discovery of new compounds with antimicrobial activity is increasing as triggered by the resistance of pathogen microorganisms to the current drugs. Simultaneously, interests are growing in exploiting extremophiles to find new active organic compounds. A thermo-halophilic bacterium (dubbed PLS 80), previously isolated from underwater fumaroles, could produce antibiotic. Hence, the objectives of this study were to study the inhibition activity and identify the structure of the antibiotic partially. PLS 80 isolate was grown on TSB medium, and the supernatant was sequentially partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity by the disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test. The extract with the highest activity was identified for their antibiotic class by chemical reactions using ninhydrin, iodine vapor, and potassium iodine. It was then purified using column chromatography using silica G-60, and the pure substance was subjected to GC MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition zone, even higher compared to the Gentamicin control. The qualitative identification by the chemical reactions showed that the antibiotic could be of the β-lactam group. The mass spectrum data indicated that the ion fragments could be derived from benzylpenicillin. The antibiotic has a potential to be studied further, particularly to elucidate the structure entirely. Eventually, structural modifications can be conducted to produce potent antibiotics to overcome antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Production and Application of Aggregate Manganese Zeolite Greensand using Post Cartridge Micron as Absorbent Fe and Mn Ions
Authors: Ricky Wijaya Anugrah , Wonorahardjo Surjani , Kartika Kusumaningrum Irma , Alfini’matin Dwi , Hertanto Pungky , Avila Shila , Daupor Hasan , Hossain Md. Sazzad , Hendrik Sanjaya Eli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to produce an aggregate of fine manganese greensand and its applications using micron cartridge design for absorbing Fe3+and Mn2+ ions in the well water affected by the Lapindo mud. The fine manganese greensand was made using the flame spray pyrolysis. The combination of aggregate material and the bulk manganese greensand were performed with the adding filler with the varied compositions of CaO, CaCO3, and white cement as the adhesive. Characterization of topography, morphology, and composition of aggregate manganese greensand was performed using SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). Applications of the aggregate manganese greensand and activated carbon were designed in several post cartridge microns for well water samples. Initial and final measurement the concentration of Fe and Mn solution using a calibration curve by AAS method (Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer). The results showed that the aggregate A with a composition of fine manganese greensand: bulk manganese greensand: CaCO3: CaO and white cement is 2:5:1:1:1:1 and aggregate B (3:4:1:1:1) absorbed maxima ions of Mn (97.5%) and Fe (80.3%) in the well water sample, respectively. Besides, the profile of spectrum SEM-EDAX indicated the aggregate A and B interacting with filler which showed the active situs as exchange cation for absorbing Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions.
Medicinal Uses of Single Garlic in Hyperlipidemia by Fatty Acid Synthase Enzyme Inhibitory: Molecular Docking
Authors: Rahayu Lestari Sri , Lukiati Betty , Nur Arifah Siti , Rofiqotun Nurul Alimah Alif , Gofur Abdul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lipid is a substance needed for the body as various activities, such as forming a plasma membrane. Lipid will be digested and absorbed through the digestive system in the form of fatty acids and glycerol. Metabolism of lipid into fatty acids and glycerol and the absorption process in the body involves various kinds of enzymes; one of them is Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS). Excess lipid in the body will cause various diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Treatment for excess in lipid level is usually by using synthetic drugs such as statins, but excessive consumption of drug causes various side effects. Single garlic (Allium sativum) (SG) is widely used as an herb that can treat diverse diseases. SG contains organosulfur compounds including Allicin, Alliin, and Ajoene (E-Ajoene and Z-Ajoene). This study aimed to determine the potential of organosulfur compounds in SG as inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymes which play a role in the process of lipid metabolism. The molecular docking was used to determine the interaction of organosulfur compounds compared with controls (Statins) in the FAS enzyme. Molecular Docking began by taking organosulfur SG compounds and enzymes in PubChem online services and GDP in sequence. The enzyme was sterilized using PyMol software, followed by a docking process, visualization and interaction of ligands on enzyme were carried out using PyRx, PyMol, and LigPlot+ software consecutively. The results showed that organosulfur SG compounds had potential as inhibitor of FAS enzymes. The Allicin, E-Ajoene, and Z-Ajoene had the same binding site with Statins in the FAS enzyme. Based on molecular docking results, it is known that the active compounds found in SG could act as an inhibitor for FAS enzymes which play a role in de novo lipogenesis.
Habitat Model Development of Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) during Southeast Monsoon in the Eastern Indian Ocean using Satellite Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Fachruddin Syah Achmad , Lumban Gaol Jonson , Zainuddin Mukti , Apriliya Nadela R. , Berlianty Dessy , Mahabror Dendy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the commercially important fish in the eastern Indian Ocean and is a highly migratory species. A modeling approach and remotely sensed data were used to develop an appropriate prediction model and to understand the contribution of oceanographic factors in the distribution of Bigeye tuna in 2 different depths. The daily data of sub-surface chlorophyll-a (SSC), sub-surface temperature (SST) and sub-surface salinity (SSS) were downloaded from infrastructure development of space oceanography (INDESO) project website, meanwhile fishing vessel for Bigeye tuna were obtained from vessel monitoring system (VMS) from April through September 2015 - 2016. The daily VMS data and environmental factors were used for maximum entropy model construction. The predictive model performance was then assessed using a threshold-independent metric, the area under the curve (AUC) metric of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Maximum entropy model results based on AUC (more than 0.80) indicated its potential to deduce the spatial distribution of Bigeye tuna. At a depth of 155 m, SSC (37.9%) is the most effective variable in the Bigeye tuna distribution, followed by SST (32.7 %) and SSS (29.4%), meanwhile at a depth of 222 m, SSS (46.8%) is the most important variable followed by SST (31.3%) and SSC (21.9%). Combination of a modelling approach and multi-sensor remote sensing data offers an innovative way to determine the potential fishing zone of the Bigeye tuna in the eastern Indian Ocean.
The Formulation of Artificial Nori with the Base Mixture Ingredients of Gracilaria sp. and Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. using the Natural Colorant from Pleomele angustifolia (Medik.) N.E. Br.
Authors: Sari D K , Rahardjanto A , Husamah  , Purwanti E , Permana T I , Fauzi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Alongside the growth of public interest in Japanese cuisine, the consumption of nori in Indonesia increases significantly. The production of artificial nori from a slightly different base material that is a high-quality local alga needs to be executed to fulfill the demand of nori in the national market. This study aimed to determine the most optimum formula in the artificial nori manufacture by utilizing Gracilaria sp. and kolang-kaling [Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.]. As the base ingredients. This study investigated the quality of artificial nori from seven different formulas. The quality of artificial nori was studied based on three parameters, namely proximate composition, physical character, and the results of the organoleptic test the artificial nori produced. As a result, the formula of 70% Gracilaria : 30% kolang-kaling has carbohydrate (9.70%), the highest protein (4.42%), thickness (0.58 mm), greenness (2.77), and the highest organoleptic value, the formula of 80% Gracilaria: 20% displayed ash content (31.45%), the highest fiber (7.34%)), whereas the formula of 80% Gracilaria: 20% kolang-kaling pinpointed the highest tensile strength (0.16 N/mm2). In general, the addition of kolang-kaling [Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.] improves the quality of the manufactured artificial nori.
Diverse Morphological Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) Pods and Seeds Germplasm
Authors: Ningsih F , Zubaidah S , Kuswantoro H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Soybean production can be increased through the assembly of new superior varieties. In a plant gene assembly, it is necessary first to discover the characteristics of the parents. One way to find out these characteristics is to conduct a morphological study. The current study employed a randomized complete block design with three replications to 10 soybean lines. The longest young and mature pod was found in MLGG 0582. The thickest young pod was observed in MLGG 0583, while the widest was reported by MLGG 0617. MLGG 0276 had the thickest pod skin of all varieties. In mature plants, the widest and the thickest pods were found in MLGG 0582 and MLGG 0707, respectively. MLGG 0617 reported the longest, the widest, and the thickest seed. There was no positive correlation found among the characteristics of the young pods, except the thickness of the pods and the skin (0.816). However, in the mature plants, the characteristics of the pods were positively correlated with the characteristics of the seeds.
Paleolimnology Record of Human Impact on a Lake Ecosystem: The Case of Shallow Lakes in Central Java
Authors: Retnaningsih Soeprobowati Tri , Jumari  , Hariyati Riche , Gell Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Paleolimnology approaches were used to assess human impacts on Rawapening and Warna Lakes, small lakes in Central Java, which provide an essential function for agricultural irrigation. Paleolimnology is the study of the stratigraphy of lakes where fossils are well preserved in the sediment thereby providing information about the past condition of the catchment area. However, paleolimnological studies in Indonesia have been rare. The organisms that are well preserved in the sediment are diatoms, due to their siliceous cell wall. Human’s activities were recorded in the 63 cm sediment core from Rawapening and 24 cm sediment core from Warna Lakes over the past 41 and 124 years, respectively. Human impacts on the lake ecosystems and their catchment area are highly variable in time and space. Since 1967 Rawapening Lake has been in a meso-eutrophic condition, related to releases from the nearby agricultural program. Since the 1990s Rawapening Lake experienced hypereutrophic conditions with pH > 9 that induced uncontrolled water hyacinth growth, which in turn, reduced lake function. The record showed Warna Lake to have been subject to eutrophication since 1980 likely owing to the acceleration of activities such as potato farming and deforestation for urban development in the lake’s catchment in recent decades. The trend of these past environmental changes could be used to predict the future condition; therefore, the appropriate management plans can be developed to guide interventions needed to ensure the future sustainable use of the lake.
Preliminary Study on Keratinase Fermentation by Bacillus sp. MD24 under Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Nurkhasanah Uswatun , Suharti  
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Bacillus sp. MD24 has been reported to produce keratinase under submerged fermentation (SmF) using chicken feathers as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. However, the enzyme production was not preferable for industrial purpose due to relatively low enzyme yield. Solid state fermentation (SSF) was developed to improve keratinase productivity. Water content was varied to achieve optimum keratinase production. The effects of additional agricultural wastes to keratinase production were tested. The results showed that SSF improved keratinase production and optimum keratinase activity was achieved at the water content of 500%. Agricultural wastes (rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, and solid tofu-waste) significantly improved keratinase production. However, the production was delayed when rice straw and sugar cane bagasse were used. The highest activity at the fifth day was achieved when sugar cane bagasse was added to chicken feather medium.
The Morphological Characteristics of Phaseolus lunatus L. in Different Areas of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Purwanti E , Fauzi A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhaseolus lunatusL. is a type of legumes of which population is decreasing in Indonesia. The studies on analyzingPhaseolus lunatusL. from Indonesia are scarcely conducted. This current research aimed at revealing the diversity ofPhaseolus lunatusL. which spreads across East Java, Indonesia. There are 15 accessions ofPhaseolus lunatusL. which can be found in Madura, Probolinggo, Kediri, Tulungagung, and Malang. The morphological observation involved qualitative and quantitative parameters conducted in all collected accessions. The quantitative data were analyzed using one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by considering the accessions as independent variables and quantitative parameters as the dependent variables. The qualitative characters obtained were that all accessions had triangular shaped leaves and short green pods, whereas there were variations in the flower wings color (from white to purple), seed hull colors (from cream to black), and seed shape (kidney, cuboid, oval). Based on the results of the multivariate testing, the morphological characteristics of eachPhaseolus lunatusL. accession were significantly different (p< 0.005). Based on the univariate testing results, there is a significant difference on the weight, length, width, and thickness of seed, the length, and width of the leaf, and also the length and width of the pod (p< 0.005). The findings have shown that there are differences in various morphological parameters which can be used as the foundation for further researches.
The Correlation of Pegagan and Beluntas Leaf Extract Co-Treatment on Liver Histological Alteration and Circulating Transaminase Enzyme Level
Authors: Muchtaromah Bayyinatul , Mustikasari Wahyuningrum , Fitriyah  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Currently, people prefer to use herbal treatment because it is considered relatively cheaper, efficient, and smaller in its side effects compared to synthetic drugs. However, it does not mean that herbal medicine has no adverse side effects if it is used in less precise. Some plants that have properties as antifertility, as well as hepatoprotective, are pegagan (Centella asiatica) and beluntas (Pluchea indica). This study aimed to find a combination dosage of pegagan and beluntas extract that was safe to the liver. The research design used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The leaf extract of pegagan and beluntas with doses of 0, 25+25, 50+50, 75+75, 125+125, and 200+200 mg/kg BW was administered to 24 female Wistar strains. The data of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and the level of liver histological damage were analyzed using ANOVA (α 5%) and followed by DMRT (α 5%). The results revealed that the administration of the leaf extract of pegagan and beluntas up to doses of 200+200 mg/kg BW did not affect GPT-GOT levels but began to show histological liver damage. In the conclusion, the use of a combination of pegagan and beluntas extract each up to a dose of 125+125 mg/kg BW was safe for the liver.
Do Altitude Influence the Characterization of Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl.) Kuntze Biomedicinal Profile? A Study of Fascinating Fern from Baluran National Park and Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park
Authors: Sri Sulasmi Eko , Suryaningtya Sari Ratna , Faiqohtun Wuriana Zauhara , Sapta Sari Murni , Suhadi  , Mawaddah Kuni , Syafinatu Zafi Indah , Erinda Leviana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSecondary metabolites of fern are increasingly recognized as medicine ingredient. The total of secondary metabolites in plants may form maximally related to the altitude, environment, nutrient, biotic and abiotic stresses.Dryopteris hirtipes(Bl.) Kuntze is easily found in Baluran National Park and Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park. This study aimed to investigate the differences between secondary metabolites ofDryopteris hirtipes(Bl.) Kuntze from Baluran National Park and Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park. The samples were taken from Baluran National Park which has a height of 0-1000 masl, with a rainfall intensity about 2000-4000 mm per year, and Raden Soerjo Forest Park which has an altitude of 1000-3000 masl, with rainfall intensity 1488 mm per year. The research was conducted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. Samples ofDryopteris hirtipes’rhizome and fronds were made as powder then extracted using methanol (1:10). Methanol leaf extract subsequently tested by TLC test. Both ofDryopteris hirtipes(Bl.) Kuntze from Baluran National Park and Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park have similarity chemical content of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, terpenoid-saponin, tannin, but polyphenols only found from Baluran National Park, and flavonoids only found from Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park.
Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of leaves of Ten Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) Lines
Authors: Julia N , Zubaidah S , Kuswantoro H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The characterization of the leaf morphology and anatomy can be useful to determine the superiority of the plant. The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze the morphological and anatomical leaves characteristics of the 10 soybean lines. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the highest scores of the leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, petiole length, and petiole diameter could be observed in Brg/Myp-3 line. The largest leaf ratio was reported by Anj/MLGG 0511-29, and the lowest scores in the leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole diameter, and leaf ratio were found in MLGG 0892 line. Grb/Lwt-17 and Grb/Myp-25 had the thinnest leaves. Grb/Lwt-12 have the highest number of trichomes, both on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, while Grb/Myp-65 had the smallest number. Anj/MLGG 0511-20 and Brg/Myp-14 had the longest trichomes, while Grb/Lwt 17 had the shortest trichomes. The highest number of stomata was recorded in Grb/Lwt-17. The results of the correlation test showed some significant relationships between the leaf characteristics: the length of the leaf and the width of the leaf and the petiole diameter; the length of the upper trichome and the length of the lower trichome, and the width of the upper trichome and the number of the lower stomata.
The quality of air at petroleum refining area in Bojonegoro, Indonesia: Morphological condition and chlorophyll level changes of Muntingia calabura L.
Authors: Kusumastuty D A , Mahmudati N , Purwanti E , Hindun I , Fauzi A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPetroleum refinery activity practiced conventionally is indicated to result in a significant impact on the environmental changes. This research aimed at revealing the morphological condition and the chlorophyll level ofMuntingia calaburaL. growing around the petroleum refining area in Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Indonesia. The data sampling covered eight areas; four of which are 50 meters away, while the four others are 100 meters away from the center location of the refinery. The chlorophyll levels were obtained from spectrophotometry technique. Based on the microscopic analysis, chlorosis and necrosis symptoms have been detected in all sampling locations. Based on the multivariate testing, the chlorophyll level has shown to be significantly different on distance factor (F = 11.983,p< 0.005), but there has been no significant difference on the point of the compass as well as interactional factors. Based on the univariate testing, the chlorophyll level on distance factor has shown to be significantly different, both on chlorophyll a level (F = 18.867,p< 0.005) and chlorophyll b level (F = 25.085,p< 0.005). The results have indicated that petroleum refining industry which is conducted conventionally in Bojonegoro contributes significant impact on the plant condition in its surrounding areas.
Identification of Pollen Grains Morphology and Morphometry in Liliaceae
Authors: Rahmawati L U , Purwanti E , Budiyanto M A K , Zaenab S , Susetyarini R E , Permana T I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Palynology, the study of pollen, had a big role in paleontology, archeology, and forensics. Pollens from different plants had different morphology, such as in Liliaceae. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to observe the morphology of Liliaceae pollens. This study aimed to determine the pollen grains morphology and morphometry in Liliaceae. The descriptive qualitative research was used five different species from three genera as the sample, namely Hemerocallis fulva, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, Aloe vera, Lilium longiflorum, and Lilium candidum. Parameters measured in this study were the types of pollen sizes, pollen shape, aperture characteristic, and ornamentation type of exine. The results showed that in Liliaceae had various shapes of pollen grains, i.e., prolate (1.33-2 μm) and per-prolate (≥ 2 μm), as well as the pollen grains size, from minuta (10-25 μm in diameter) to medium (25-50 μm in diameter). Aperture characteristic of the pollen grains was monocolpate which has one colpus, and the ornamentation type of exine was reticulate patterns.