bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Parents' Decisions to Transfer Children From Regular to Special Schools
Authors: Mann Glenys , Cuskelly Monica , Moni Karen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOften within frameworks of inclusive education policy and legislation, many countries continue to provide both special and regular schools as options for students with disability. One persistent explanation for the maintenance of dual systems is the school choice that it offers parents. Enrolment decisions can be ongoing, and parents may have to, or decide to, reassess their schooling choice. One example of this scenario is the decision to transfer from a regular to a special school. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the decision‐making process of parents who transferred their child from regular to special school. Eighty parents from Queensland, Australia, completed a survey which collected information about their decision‐making in this regard. A factor analysis was undertaken with survey items relating to (1) reasons for leaving regular school, (2) hopes for special school, and (3) the decision‐making process. Clear factors emerged as underlying dimensions in parental decision‐making, including those relating to (1) learning, (2) emotional states, (3) school culture, and (4) the difficulties associated with decision‐making. Results indicate that parents' decision‐making is influenced by negative experiences in the mainstream and high expectations for segregated schooling. Emotional strain in regular schools was strongly linked to an exclusionary school culture, and there was an important association between learning and well‐being. Implications of these findings for parents, teachers, and other educators are discussed.
Uncovering the drivers of host‐associated microbiota with joint species distribution modelling
Authors: Björk Johannes R. , Hui Francis K. C. , O'Hara Robert B. , Montoya Jose M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn addition to the processes structuring free‐living communities, host‐associated microbiota are directly or indirectly shaped by the host. Therefore, microbiota data have a hierarchical structure where samples are nested under one or several variables representing host‐specific factors, often spanning multiple levels of biological organization. Current statistical methods do not accommodate this hierarchical data structure and therefore cannot explicitly account for the effect of the host in structuring the microbiota. We introduce a novel extension of joint species distribution models (JSDMs) which can straightforwardly accommodate and discern between effects such as host phylogeny and traits, recorded covariates such as diet and collection site, among other ecological processes. Our proposed methodology includes powerful yet familiar outputs seen in community ecology overall, including (a) model‐based ordination to visualize and quantify the main patterns in the data; (b) variance partitioning to assess how influential the included host‐specific factors are in structuring the microbiota; and (c) co‐occurrence networks to visualize microbe‐to‐microbe associations.
Similar geometric rules govern the distribution of veins and stomata in petals, sepals and leaves
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Ping , Carins Murphy Madeline R. , Cardoso Amanda A. , Jordan Gregory J. , Brodribb Timothy J. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Investment in leaf veins (supplying xylem water) is balanced by stomatal abundance, such that sufficient water transport is provided for stomata to remain open when soil water is abundant. This coordination is mediated by a common dependence of vein and stomatal densities on cell size. Flowers may not conform to this same developmental pattern if they depend on water supplied by the phloem or have high rates of nonstomatal transpiration.

We examined the relationships between veins, stomata and epidermal cells in leaves, sepals and petals of 27 angiosperms to determine whether common spacing rules applied to all tissues.

Regression analysis found no evidence for different relationships within organ types. Both vein and stomatal densities were strongly associated with epidermal cell size within organs, but, for a given epidermal cell size, petals had fewer veins and stomata than sepals, which had fewer than leaves.

Although our data support the concept of common scaling between veins and stomata in leaves and flowers, the large diversity in petal vein density suggests that, in some species, petal veins may be engaged in additional functions, such as the supply of water for high cuticular transpiration or for phloem delivery of water or carbohydrates.
Why do farmers not convert to organic farming? Modeling conversion to organic farming as a major change
Authors: Xu Qing , Huet Sylvie , Poix Christophe , Boisdon Isabelle , Deffuant Guillaume 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aims to better understand why farmers do not convert to organic farming by studying decision trajectories in a dynamic agent‐based model. In this model, an agent's decision on transitioning to organic is based on the comparison between satisfaction with its current situation and potential satisfaction with an alternative farming strategy. A farmer's satisfaction was modeled by borrowing from the Theory of Reasoned Action and computed by comparing the farmer's performance over time against the farming practices of other farmers to which he/she lends great credibility (“important others”). Analysis identified five different reasons why a farmer does not change strategy. Three are due to satisfaction or recovered satisfaction with the current situation. The conversion to organic farming is effectively a major change and cannot be envisaged if the farmer is currently satisfied. Satisfaction can be recovered when evaluation by the farmer or “important others” finds an improvement of the current situation. A farmer's decision to not convert can also be due to negative evaluations of organic farming by “important others,” or to dissatisfaction with the current situation being too transient to prompt the effort to convert.Summary for Managers
A farmer's decision on whether or not to convert to organic farming is deeply influenced by his/her satisfaction with the current strategy and potential satisfaction under an alternative farming strategy.
A farmer's satisfaction is computed by comparing the farmer's performance over time against the farming practices of other farmers to which he/she lends great credibility.
The conversion to organic farming is effectively a major change, and a farmer will not envisage a change of strategy if he/she is satisfied with their current situation.
A farmer's satisfaction can be recovered when evaluation by the farmer or social peers finds an improvement of the current situation.
If a farmer's credible peers have a negative assessment of organic farming or if his/her own dissatisfaction with the current situation is too short‐lived, then farmer will not convert to organic farming.
New pathogens, new tricks: emerging, drug‐resistant fungal pathogens and future prospects for antifungal therapeutics
Authors: Geddes‐McAlister Jennifer , Shapiro Rebecca S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFungal pathogens are a growing threat to public health. As human immunodeficiency becomes increasingly common, fungal infections are becoming more prevalent. The use of antifungal agents for prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections has favored the emergence of previously rare or unidentified species of drug‐resistant fungal pathogens, including several Candida and Cryptococcus species, as well as mold pathogens. As these new and increasingly drug‐resistant fungal pathogens continue to emerge, novel strategies for rapid identification and treatment are necessary to combat these life‐threatening infections.
Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis
Authors: Scotti Fernanda M. , Mitt Verônica C. , Vieira Daniella SC. , Biz Michelle T. , Castro Renata G. , Modolo Filipe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCancer stem cell (CSC) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β‐tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE).Materials and MethodsThirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study.ResultsNANOG was more expressed in the nuclei of AC compared to NE (p = 0.007), as well as in high‐risk AC cases (p = 0.017) and well‐differentiated LSCCs (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG from mild to moderate and severe ACs. NESTIN was significantly less present in NE compared to AC (p = 0.001) and LSCC (p = 0.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high‐risk AC and well‐differentiated LSCC. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the early stages of carcinogenesis. β‐tubulin was intensely present in all lesions.ConclusionThe results suggest an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC to LSCC.
Oral anticoagulation and left atrial thrombi resolution in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation or flutter: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Norman C. , Sather Matthew D. , Hussain Aliza , Althouse Andrew D. , Adelstein Evan C. , Jain Sandeep K. , Katz William E. , Shalaby Alaa A. , Voigt Andrew H. , Saba Samir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral anticoagulation (OAC) is prescribed for left atrial thrombi (LAT) in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or atrial flutter (AFL). The study objective was to review the existing evidence regarding LAT resolution in nonrheumatic AF and/or AFL with OAC agents.MethodsData sources included PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) between January 1, 1991 and February 10, 2017. English‐language studies that assessed LAT resolution with OAC agents in subjects with nonrheumatic AF and/or AFL, by serial transesophageal echocardiography, and with follow‐up times ≥ 3 weeks and < 1 year, were selected. Study quality was assessed using recommendations adapted from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Pooled LAT resolution rates were evaluated for vitamin K antagonist (VKA) studies and low risk of bias warfarin studies.ResultsThe pooled LAT resolution rate of 619 subjects from 16 VKA studies was 63.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.3%–72.9%). The pooled LAT resolution rate of 94 subjects from four studies that specified warfarin use, exclusion of prior long‐term therapeutic OAC, and target international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 2.0 and/or average achieved INR ≥ 2.0 was 79.3% (95% CI, 69.8%–86.4%). Two studies in direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) reported LAT resolution rates of 89.5% (17 of 19) for dabigatran and 41.5% (22 of 53) for rivaroxaban.ConclusionsWarfarin is the most studied initial OAC agent for treating LAT in nonrheumatic AF and/or AFL with a resolution rate of nearly 80%. Further studies in DOACs are warranted.
Ultrasound‐Guided Neurolysis of Six Genicular Nerves for Intractable Pain from Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Series
Authors: Ahmed Arif , Arora Divesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionAmong the elderly population, chronic osteoarthritis of the knee joint is one of the leading causes of disability and causes considerable pain, joint stiffness, and functional limitations. Although knee replacement is a good option for advanced osteoarthritis, many patients could not undergo surgery due to comorbidities or other reasons.MethodsFour patients with severe pain from grade 3 and 4 osteoarthritis of the knee had undergone ultrasound‐guided alcohol neurolysis of the 6 genicular nerves after a positive genicular nerve block with local anesthetics. The demographics, pain intensity (NRS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and quality of life (SF‐36) were analyzed.ResultsThere was significant improvement in pain intensity at rest, on movement, and on weight bearing after the neurolysis and it has continued for 6 months (P < 0.05). The OKS and WOMAC score had improved from 7.75 ± 1.25 and 77.75 ± 4.34 at baseline, to 20.75 ± 1.70 and 56.25 ± 3.09 at 1 month, and to 18.25 ± 0.95 and 52.00 ± 2.16 at 6 months after the procedure, respectively (P < 0.05). There was also significant improvement in the quality of life after the procedure (P < 0.05).ConclusionUltrasound‐guided alcohol neurolysis is a good alternative for patients having severe pain from knee osteoarthritis and provides significant pain relief for more than 6 months.
“Mirror, Mirror on the Wall”… Pediatric liver transplantation in the case of situs inversus totalis with a disrupted inferior vena cava
Authors: Edgerton Colston A. , Gross Megan , Kasi Nagraj , Hewitt Winston , Edmondson Sara , Rohan Vinayak S. , Nadig Satish N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present the unique case of a 15‐month‐old male born with biliary atresia and situs inversus totalis and disrupted inferior vena cava who underwent a successful liver transplantation. The patient had previously undergone a failed Kasai procedure and presented with persistent hyperbilirubinemia. The patient was transplanted with a left lateral segment donor having standard arterial anatomy. Technical considerations included identifying completely replaced arterial anatomy in the recipient from the superior mesenteric artery and creating a branch patch between the gastroduodenal artery and HA, anastomosing the donor left hepatic vein to confluences of the donor left, middle, and right hepatic veins, using a “lazy‐S” configuration of portal vein anastomosis, and suspending the allograft to the abdominal wall. Post‐operatively, his liver function tests and total bilirubin normalized and he progressed to tolerating an oral diet with tube‐feed supplementation.
Pretransplant trends in α‐fetoprotein levels as a predictor of recurrence after living donor liver transplantation for unresectable hepatoblastoma: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Isono Kaori , Ohya Yuki , Lee Kwang‐Jong , Hashimoto Shintaro , Kadohisa Masashi , Sakisaka Masataka , Uto Keiichi , Hayashida Shintaro , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLT is a practical therapeutic alternative for unresectable hepatoblastoma; however, deciding when to perform LT is difficult. The aim of this study was to optimize the timing of LT for hepatoblastoma using pretransplant trends in AFP levels. Trends in pretransplant AFP levels and their influence on post‐transplant outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. All patients who underwent living donor LT for hepatoblastoma in our institution since 2002 were included. Variables analyzed included history of prior tumor resection, pretransplant AFP responses to chemotherapy, metastatic disease at diagnosis, and post‐transplant chemotherapy. Eight patients (seven boys and one girl; median age, 35 months; range, 15 months‐12 years) were transplanted. The overall post‐transplant recurrence‐free survival rate was 62.5% (5/8) with a mean follow‐up of 77 months. Patients with post‐transplant recurrence showed a 0.573 log increase in AFP levels after the last chemotherapy session before LT. This was significantly higher than the 0.279 log decrease observed in patients without post‐transplant recurrence (P = .024). Because the AFP response cannot be accurately predicted before each cycle of chemotherapy, it may be appropriate to perform LT when AFP levels do not decrease after the last cycle and before they are found to be elevated again.
Geometric model and assessment of a dual‐fisheye imaging system
Authors: Campos Mariana Batista , Tommaselli Antonio Maria Garcia , Marcato Junior José , Honkavaara Eija 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a technique for the calibration of a 360° dual imaging system (Ricoh Theta S) composed of two cameras with fisheye lenses specially mounted in a common structure. The experiments are based on calibration with a bundle adjustment using the equidistant fisheye lens model and relative orientation stability constraints, such as distance, base elements and rotation matrix between individual cameras’ coordinate systems. As a result, an equidistant mathematical model using the Conrady–Brown lens distortion model was shown to be suitable for estimating the interior and relative orientation parameters of the Ricoh Theta S. The main contribution presented in this work is a simultaneous bundle adjustment approach with stability constraints on base elements and rotation matrix angles, which achieved accuracies comparable with conventional photogrammetric calibration with perspective cameras.
miR‐26a suppresses autophagy in swine Sertoli cells by targeting ULK2
Authors: Ran M , Li Z , Cao R , Weng B , Peng F , He C , Chen B 
Published: May 2018

ContentsA large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected from porcine testicular tissues thanks to the development of high‐throughput sequencing technology. However, the regulatory roles of most identified miRNAs in swine testicular development or spermatogenesis are poorly understood. In our previous study, ULK2 (uncoordinated‐51‐like kinase 2) was predicted as a target gene of miR‐26a. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR‐26a in swine Sertoli cell autophagy. The relative expression of miR‐26a and ULK2 levels has a significant negative correlation (R2 = .5964, p ≤ .01) in nine developmental stages of swine testicular tissue. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay results show that miR‐26a directly targets the 3′UTR of the ULK2 gene (position 618–624). In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression of ULK2 were downregulated by miR‐26a in swine Sertoli cells. These results indicate that miR‐26a targets the ULK2 gene and downregulates its expression in swine Sertoli cells. Based on the expression of marker genes (LC3, p62 and Beclin‐1), overexpression of miR‐26a or knock‐down of ULK2 inhibits swine Sertoli cell autophagy. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that miR‐26a suppresses autophagy in swine Sertoli cells by targeting ULK2.
Inflation in South Africa: An Assessment of Alternative Inflation Models
Authors: Fedderke Johannes , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe consider the relative empirical performance of a range of inflation models for South Africa. Model coverage is of Phillips curve, New Keynesian Phillips curve, monetarist and structural models of inflation. Our core findings are that the single most robust covariate of inflation is unit labour cost. We further decompose unit labour cost into changes in the nominal wage and real labour productivity. The principal association is a strong positive relationship between inflation and nominal wages, while improvements in real labour productivity report only a relatively weak negative association with inflation. Supply‐side shocks also consistently report an association with inflation. As to demand‐side shocks, the output gap does not return a robust statistical association with inflation. Instead, it is growth in the money supply and government expenditure which return robust and theoretically consistent associations with inflationary pressure.
Role of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factors in a subset of cytokinin signaling responses
Authors: Shanks Carly M. , Hecker Andreas , Cheng Chia‐Yi , Brand Luise , Collani Silvio , Schmid Markus , Schaller G. Eric , Wanke Dierk , Harter Klaus , Kieber Joseph J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCytokinin plays diverse roles in plant growth and development, generally acting by modulating gene transcription in target tissues. The type‐B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARR) transcription factors have emerged as primary targets of cytokinin signaling and are required for essentially all cytokinin‐mediated changes in gene expression. The diversity of cytokinin function is likely imparted by the activity of various transcription factors working with the type‐B ARRs to alter specific sets of target genes. One potential set of co‐regulators modulating the cytokinin response are the BARLEY B‐RECOMBINANT/BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BBR/BPC) family of plant‐specific transcription factors. Here, we show that disruption of multiple BPCs results in reduced sensitivity to cytokinin. Further, the BPCs are necessary for the induction of a subset of genes in response to cytokinin. We identified direct in vivo targets of BPC6 using ChIP‐Seq and found an enrichment of promoters of genes differentially expressed in response to cytokinin. Further, a significant number of BPC6 regulated genes are also direct targets of the type‐B ARRs. Potential cis‐binding elements for a number of other transcription factors linked to cytokinin action are enriched in the BPC binding fragments, including those for the cytokinin response factors (CRFs). In addition, several BPCs interact with a subset of type‐A ARRs. Consistent with these results, a significant number of genes whose expression is altered in bpc mutant roots are also mis‐expressed in crf1,3,5,6 and type‐A arr3,4,5,6,7,8,9,15 mutant roots. These results suggest that the BPCs are part of a complex network of transcription factors that are involved in the response to cytokinin.
Effects of Swaddled and Sponge Bathing Methods on Signs of Stress and Pain in Premature Newborns: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Ceylan Sibel Serap , Bolւşւk Bahire 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimsTo determine the effects of sponge baths and swaddled bathing on premature infants’ vital signs, oxygen saturation levels, crying times, pain, and stress levels.MethodsThis study was a clinical trial with a crossover design. Data were conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Denizli, Turkey. A total of 35 premature infants, who were born at 33–37 weeks gestation with a birth weight <1,500 g, were enrolled in the study. Two bathing methods were applied at 3‐day intervals. Vital signs and oxygen saturation levels were measured before and at minutes 1, 5, 15, 30 after bathing. Infants’ bathing was video recorded to assess pain and stress behaviors. The pain and stress behaviors of infants were evaluated by independent observers. A significance level of .05 was used for all statistical analyses.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between bathing methods on vital signs, oxygen saturation levels, and crying times. Levels of stress and pain according to bathing type were significantly higher in the sponge bath condition (p < .05).Linking Evidence to ActionSwaddled bathing has a positive effect on the infant's vital signs, oxygen saturation levels, crying time, and level of stress and pain compared to the sponge bath condition. Swaddled bathing is a harmless and safe nursing practice.