bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of unmet clinical needs in prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in high-risk patient groups: cancer and critically ill
Authors: Brenner Benjamin , Hull Russell , Arya Roopen , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Douketis James , Elalamy Ismail , Imberti Davide , Zhai Zhenguo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Clinical practice shows that venous thromboembolism (VTE) presents a substantial burden in medical patients, and awareness and advocacy for its primary and secondary prevention remains inadequate. Specific patient populations, such as those with cancer and the critically ill, show elevated risk for VTE, bleeding or both, and significant gaps in VTE prophylaxis and treatment exist in these groups.

Objective
To present current expert insights and evidence on the unmet needs in thromboprophylaxis, and on the treatment of VTE in two high-risk patient groups: patients with cancer and the critically ill.

Methodology
To identify specific unmet needs in the management of VTE, a methodology was designed and implemented that assessed gaps in prophylaxis and treatment of VTE through interviews with 44 experts in the field of thrombosis and haemostasis, and through a review of current guidelines and seminal studies to substantiate the insights provided by the experts. The research findings were then analysed, discussed and consolidated by a multidisciplinary group of experts.

Results
The gap analysis methodology identified shortcomings in the VTE risk assessment tools, patient stratification approaches for prophylaxis, and the suboptimal use of anticoagulants for primary prophylaxis and treatment.

Conclusions
Specifically, patients with cancer need better VTE risk assessment tools to tailor primary thromboprophylaxis to tumour types and disease stages, and the potential for drug–drug interactions needs to be considered. In critically ill patients, unfractionated heparin is not advised as a first-line treatment option, low-molecular weight heparins remain the first choice for prophylaxis in critically ill and cancer patients due to their safety and efficacy profile, and the strength of evidence is increasing for direct oral anticoagulants as a treatment option over low-molecular-weight heparins.
Herein we present novel insights and consolidated evidence collected from experts, clinical practice guidelines and original studies on the unmet needs in thromboprophylaxis, and on the treatment of VTE in patients with cancer and the critically ill.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A positive feedback loop consisting of C12orf59/NF-κB/CDH11 promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Zhang Jia-Xing , He Wei-Ling , Feng Zi-Hao , Chen Dong-Liang , Gao Ying , He Ying , Qin Kai , Zheng Zhou-San , Chen Cui , Weng Hui-Wen , Yun Miao , Ye Sheng , Xu Rui-Hua , Xie Dan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Metastasis remains the main cause of cancer-related death for gastric cancer (GC) patients, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data base and bioinformatics analyses, we identified C12orf59 might act as a potential oncogenic protein in GC.

Methods
We investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of C12orf59 in two independent cohorts of GC samples. In the training cohort, we used the X-tile program software to generate the optimal cutoff value for C12orf59 expression in order to classify patients accurately according to clinical outcome. In the validation cohort, this derived cutoff score was applied to exam the association of C12orf59 expression with survival outcome. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were then performed to investigate the function of C12orf59 in GC.

Results
C12orf59 was significantly upregulated, and associated with poor survival outcome in two cohorts of GC samples. Gain- and loss of- function studies demonstrated C12orf59 promotes GC cell invasive and metastatic capacity both in vitro and in vivo, and induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Mechanically, C12orf59 exerts oncogenic functions by up-regulating CDH11 expression via NF-κB signaling. Interesting, CDH11 could in turn promote NF-κB bind to C12orf59’s promoter and form a positive feedback loop to sustain the metastatic ability of GC cells. Additionally, downregulation of miR-654-5p is another important mechanism for C12orf59 overexpression in GC.

Conclusion
Our finding suggested the newly identified C12orf59/NF-κB/CDH11 feedback loop may represent a new strategy for GC treatment.
The trials and tribulations of conducting an m-health pilot randomized controlled trial to improve oral cancer therapy adherence: recommendations for future multisite, non-drug clinical trials
Authors: Russell Lahiru , Pascoe Michaela C. , Seymour John F. , Aranda Sanchia , Butow Phyllis , Gough Karla , Schofield Penelope 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective
Integrating mobile phone-based health (m-health) interventions into healthcare systems is one solution to improve access to services for the growing number of patients with chronic illness. Practical challenges such as poor recruitment and inadequate resource allocation can hamper the assessment of such interventions with clinical trial methodology. This paper highlights the challenges encountered during a pilot randomized controlled trial of an m-health medication adherence intervention and offers recommendations for future multi-site, non-drug clinical trials.

Results
Eighteen patients were recruited to the study; eight were randomly allocated to the intervention arm. Intervention participants responded to their daily medication-reminder text messages, indicating that medication had been taken or not, and nurses were able to organize their calls around their workload. The trial closed prematurely primarily due to inadequate numbers of eligible patients; however, other potentially resolvable feasibility issues were identified. These included lack of infrastructure at study sites, poor screening data acquisition and management processes, and inexperience in conducting supportive care trials at participating sites. M-health intervention trials are designed to inform implementation of best supportive care practice. Adequate skills and infrastructure are research prerequisites that require careful consideration and sufficient investment for the successful execution of multi-site supportive care trials.
Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register: ACTRN12612000635864
Effects of restrictions on maternal feed intake on the immune indexes of umbilical cord blood and liver Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in fetal goats during pregnancy
Authors: Chen Wenxun , Yan Qiongxian , Yang Hong , Zhou Xiaoling , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Liver has important immune function during fetal development and after birth. However, the effect of maternal malnutrition on immune function of the fetal liver is rarely reported. In this study, twelve pregnant goats (Xiangdong black goat, at d 45 of gestation) were assigned to the control group (fed 100% of nutritional requirements) and the restriction group (fed 60% of the intake of the control group) during gestation from d 55 to 100. Fetal goats were harvested at d 100 of gestation and immune indexes and amino acid profiles of the umbilical cord blood and liver Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways were measured.

Results
Maternal body weight in the restriction group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Maternal feed intake restriction decreased (P < 0.05) heart weight, heart index, alkaline phosphatase and serum amyloid protein A in the umbilical cord blood (UCB). Moreover, only histidine was decreased in the restricted group (P = 0.084), and there were no differences in other amino acids contents in the UCB between the two groups (P > 0.05). The TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in the fetal liver in the restriction group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), TNF receptor associated factor 6, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, NFKB inhibitor alpha, IFN-β, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-1β in the restricted group were upregulated (P < 0.05), and the expression of TLR3 (P = 0.099) tended to be higher in the restricted group. However, protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα/total IκBα, TRIF and MyD88 were not affected (P > 0.05) by maternal intake restriction.

Conclusions
These results revealed that the restriction of maternal feed intake influenced the development of heart and hepatic protein synthesis at the acute phase of fetal goats and upregulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and of target cytokines.
Sex Differences in Effects of Obesity on Reproductive Hormones and Glucose Metabolism in Early Puberty
Authors: Nokoff Natalie , Thurston Jessica , Hilkin Allison , Pyle Laura , Zeitler Philip S , Nadeau Kristen J , Santoro Nanette , Kelsey Megan M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractContextObesity is known to impact reproductive function in adults, but little is known about its effects on reproductive hormones during puberty.ObjectiveTo assess sex differences in effects of obesity on reproductive hormones and their relation to insulin sensitivity and secretion.DesignCross-sectional study including anthropometrics, serum and urine reproductive hormone concentrations, and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) to assess acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and insulin sensitivity (Si).SettingOutpatient academic clinical research center.PatientsGirls (52%) and boys (48%) who were normal weight (NW; n = 51, BMI-Z score = −0.11 ± 0.77, age = 11.5 ± 1.7 years) and obese (n = 53, BMI-Z score = 2.22 ± 0.33, age = 10.9 ± 1.5 years), Tanner stage 2 to 3.ResultsBoys with obesity had lower total testosterone (P < 0.0001) and higher concentrations of the urinary estradiol metabolite, E1c, (P = 0.046) than boys with NW. Girls with obesity had higher free androgen index (FAI; P = 0.03) than NW girls. Both boys and girls with obesity had lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; P < 0.0001) than NW. AIRg was inversely related to SHBG in boys (R = 0.6, P < 0.0001) and girls (R = 0.53, P = 0.0001). Si correlated with higher SHBG in boys (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.0001) and girls (R = 0.5, P = 0.0003), higher total testosterone for boys (R = 0.39, P = 0.01), and lower FAI for girls (R = −0.2, P = 0.04).ConclusionYouth with obesity have lower SHBG than youth with NW, but obesity has differential effects on reproductive hormones in girls versus boys, which are apparent early in puberty. Ongoing longitudinal studies will evaluate the impact of obesity on reproductive hormones in girls and boys as puberty progresses.
Precision of aiming with a portable X-ray device (Nomad Pro 2) compared to a wall-mounted device in intraoral radiography
Authors: Hoogeveen Reinier C. , Meertens Bram R. , Berkhout W. Erwin R. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Hand-held (HH) X-ray devices are currently introduced for routine dentistry in some global areas. Safety issues are resolved but imaging quality aspects remain to be explored. Aim: To compare the aiming accuracy of two intraoral radiography devices: the portable Nomad Pro2 and the wall-mounted (WM) Planmeca Intra. Setting and design: In vitro experimentation involving radiologic mannequins and unbiased student operators. Methods and materials: 20 operators obtained intraoral radiographs of four regions (bitewing, upper molar, lower molar and upper anterior) in five mannequins, using HH and WM devices. Beam-aiming devices were fitted with metal cross-wires to project on image sensors. Deviation from ideal perpendicular incidence of beam was calculated, based on positions of cross-wires relative to gold-standard positions (i.e. average of 10-fold precise aiming by authors via WM system). Analytic models relied on Wilcoxon signed-rank test and mixed model analyses. Results: Mean deviations from perfect aim were 2.88˚ (± 1.80˚) for WM and 3.06˚ (± 1.90˚) for HH methods. The difference among all operators (HH vs WM) was 0.17˚ (± 2.48˚), which was not significant. Seven operators showed better aim by HH device (13 by WM system); and in one instance, this difference was significant. Conclusions: Aiming precision proved similar for HH and WM methods of intraoral radiography, although individual operators may perform better using one of these modalities. Aim is not an expected limiting factor for image quality in HH (vs WM) diagnostics.
"If you catch my drift...": ability to infer implied meaning is distinct from vocabulary and grammar skills
Authors: Wilson Alexander C. , Bishop Dorothy V.M. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Some individuals with autism find it challenging to use and understand language in conversation, despite having good abilities in core aspects of language such as grammar and vocabulary. This suggests that pragmatic skills (such as understanding implied meanings in conversation) are separable from core language skills. However, it has been surprisingly difficult to demonstrate this dissociation in the general population. We propose that this may be because prior studies have used tasks in which different aspects of language are confounded. Methods: The present study used novel language tasks and factor analysis to test whether pragmatic language skills are separable from core language skills. 120 adult participants were recruited online to complete a 7-task battery, including a test assessing comprehension of conversational implicature. Results: In confirmatory analysis of a preregistered model, we compared whether the data showed better fit to a two-factor structure (including a pragmatic conversation comprehension and core language factor) or a simpler one-factor structure (comprising a general language factor). The two-factor model showed significantly better fit. Conclusions: This study supports the view that interpreting context-dependent conversational meaning is partially distinct from core language skill. This has implications for understanding the pragmatic language impairments reported in autism.
Solving Large Batches of Linear Programs
Authors: Lee Ilbin , Curry Stewart , Serban Nicoleta 
Published: April 2019

Solving a large batch of linear programs (LPs) with varying parameters is needed in stochastic programming and sensitivity analysis, among other modeling frameworks. Solving the LPs for all combinations of given parameter values, called the brute-force approach, can be computationally infeasible when the parameter space is high-dimensional and/or the underlying LP is computationally challenging. This paper introduces a computationally efficient approach for solving a large number of LPs that differ only in the right-hand side of the constraints ([Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]). The computational approach builds on theoretical properties of the geometry of the space of critical regions, where a critical region is defined as the set of [Formula: see text]’s for which a basis is optimal. To formally support our computational approach we provide proofs of geometric properties of neighboring critical regions. We contribute to the existing theory of parametric programming by establishing additional results, providing deeper geometric understanding of critical regions. On the basis of the geometric properties of critical regions, we develop an algorithm that solves the LPs in batches by finding critical regions that contain multiple [Formula: see text]’s. Moreover, we suggest a data-driven version of our algorithm that uses the distribution (e.g., shape) of a sample of [Formula: see text]’s for which the LPs need to be solved. We empirically compared our approach and three other methods on various instances. The results show the efficiency of our approach in comparison with the other methods but also indicate some limitations of the algorithm. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0838 .
DESLOCAMENTOS NARRATIVOS EM UANHENGA XITU E MOISÉS MBAMBI:UM CONTRIBUTO À CULTURA, LÍNGUA, HISTÓRIA E LITERATURA ANGOLANA
Authors: Selombo Sakukuma Alexandre Lucas 
Published: April 2019

Resumo A afirmação da literatura angolana foi resultado de um longo e complexo processo de emancipação. Com o propósito de estudar o diálogo transdisciplinar que Uanhenga Xitu em “Mestre Tamoda e outros contos” e Moisés Mbambi em “Cenas do Feitiço” estabelecem no referido processo debruçamo-nos sobre os Deslocamentos Narrativos em Uanhenga Xitu e Moisés Mbambi: um contributo à cultura, língua, história e literatura angolana.Por meio da análise crítica, bibliográfica e entrevista concluímos que ambos teceram aquelas obras deliberadamente, de e com, os fios que compõem o mosaico multilinguístico e multicultural de Angola e se alinham ao projeto de reforço da identidade nacional, por via literária.
MRSA Screening in Ambulatory Upper Limb Trauma Day Cases
Authors: Edler Sophie , O'Neill Tomas , Itte Vinay , Arnold Suzanne , Bourke Grainne 
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims Approximately 3% of people in the UK are carriers for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In 2010, the Department of Health and Social Care instigated mandatory screening for surgical patients at significant cost and increased resource demand. An audit performed in a hand surgical unit at Leeds General infirmary showed a 0% rate of positive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus preoperative screening swabs and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated wound infections on a population of 500 consecutive trauma day cases in 2011. In light of this, routine screening for day case upper limb trauma day cases ceased from July 2012 in Leeds General Infirmary, with significant financial savings. The aims of this study were to re-examine the rates of postoperative meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus wound infections in a second population of hand surgical unit patients after 2 years without routine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening. Methods A retrospective audit of 500 consecutive patients who attended the hand surgery unit for upper limb day case trauma surgery between 1 December 2013 and 30 June 2014 was undertaken. The pattern of injuries sustained, procedures performed, patient demographics and both the incidence and nature of postoperative surgical site infection was examined. Results Overall, 9% had preoperative meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening, 0% were positive for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. There were no meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive postoperative surgical site infections. Conclusions Patients attending for ambulatory hand trauma surgery carry a low risk of being colonised with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The financial saving is estimated to amount to approximately £42 500 per annum for the department – excluding personnel costs.
Identifikasi Fishing Ground Ikan Teri (Stolephorus sp) Menggunakan Citra Modis di Perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara
Authors: Aditya Rizky , Wirasatriya Anindya , Kunarso Kunarso , Maslukah Lilik , Subardjo Petrus , Suryosaputro Agus Anugroho Dwi , Handoyo Gentur 
Published: April 2019

Fishing ground atau zona penangkapan ikan adalah suatu kawasan perairan yang menjadi sasaran dalam usaha penangkapan ikan. Ikan teri merupakan hasil tangkapan ikan yang populer di Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi zona tangkapan ikan di Perairan Karimunjawa berdasarkan sebaran klorofil-a dan suhu permukaan laut dengan memanfaatkan data citra satelit Aqua Modis level-3. Sebaran klorofil-a yang tinggi terlihat pada bulan Mei sampai Juli. Nilai korelasi antara klorofil-a dengan tangkapan ikan di lapangan sebesar r=0,869 yang berarti berhubungan sangat erat. Sedangkan nilai korelasi Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) dengan tangkapan ikan hanya sebesar r=0,387. Hal ini berarti hasil tangkapan ikan teri di Kepulauan Karimunjawa lebih dipengaruhi oleh sebaran klorofil-a dari pada SPL. Oleh karena itu dalam penentuan potensi fishing ground dengan menggunakan data MODI klimatologi bulanan, kami hanya menggunakan parameter klorofil-a. Perairan Karimunjawa memiliki kandungan klorofil-a rata rata sebesar 0,29 mg/m3. Berdasarkan analisa sebaran klorofil-a klimatologi bulanan, lokasi potensi fishing ground berada pada barat dan tenggara dari perairan Pulau Nyamuk, Barat Pulau Kemujan termasuk Pulau Cemara Besar dan Kecil, dan di perairan sekitar Pulau Parang yang dapat ditemukan disetiap bulannya. Anchovy Ground Fishing Identification (Stolephorus sp) Using Fashionable Images in the Waters of Karimunjawa, Jepara Fishing ground or fishing zone is an area in the ocean which becomes a target for fishing activities. Common target for fishing activity in Karimunjawa is anchovy. The aim of this study is to predict fishing zone on the waters of Karimunjawa based on the chlorophyll distribution and sea surface temperature by utilizing level 3 Aqua MODIS data. The high chlorophyll-a distribution is observed from May to July. The correlation value between chlorophyll-a and fish catch based on insitu data is strong with r = 0.869. Conversely, the correlation between insitu SPL correlation and fish catch is weak with r = 0.38. Therefore, we only used chlorophyll-a parameter to determine the potential fishing ground in Karimun Jawa. Karimunjawa waters have an average chlorophyll-a conscentration of 0.29 mg/m3, Based on monthly climatology of MODIS chlorophyll data, the location of potential fishing ground is west and southeast from the waters of the island of Nyamuk, the west of Kemujan Island including Pulau Cemara Besar and Kecil, and in the waters around Parang Island which can be found every month.