bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Измерения власти по С. Льюксу
Authors: Балацкий Евгений Всеволодович 
Published: April 2019

Цитирование: Балацкий Е.В. (2019) Измерения власти по С. Льюксу // Мир России. Т. 28. № 2. С. 172–187. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-2-172-187
В 2010 году в России была издана на русском языке книга Стивена Льюкса «Власть: Радикальный взгляд». Хотя в международном политологическом дискурсе эта монография давно стала классической, в России ее идеи до сих пор не получили широкого распространения. В связи с этим в статье сделана попытка не только дать краткий дайджест идей американского ученого, но и рассмотреть ряд современных примеров, которые могут быть плодотворно проинтерпретированы в терминах концепции С. Льюкса, и осмыслить некоторые следствия усиления феномена власти в информационном обществе, где возникают широкие возможности для манипулирования общественным мнением. Для этого проводятся параллели между концепцией трех измерений власти С. Льюкса, доктриной имплозии Ж. Бодрийяра и теорией дефицита внимания Д. Дзоло.
Возможна ли рабочая демократия?
Authors: Черныш Михаил Федорович 
Published: April 2019

Цитирование: Черныш М.Ф. (2019) Возможна ли рабочая демократия? // Мир России. Т. 28. № 2. С. 84–97. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-2-84-97
В современной общественной мысли в отношении возможности рабочего самоуправления сложились два противоположных подхода – элитистский и демократический. Первый базируется на аристотелевой идее естественности производственных иерархий, извечного и непреодолимого деления общества на управляющих и управляемых. Второй подход, нередко амбивалентный, зиждется на идее включения рядовых работников в процесс управления. Каждый из подходов имеет длинную историю и собственных идеологов. Эксперименты по внедрению демократических подходов не смогли склонить чашу весов в чью-либо сторону. Несмотря на то, что большинство подходов оказывались неудачными, в конечном итоге именно они подсказывали промышленным элитам в развитых странах пути оптимизации производственной деятельности, сохранения рабочих, занятых на предприятиях, в качестве граждан, способных к разумному участию в политическом процессе в своих странах, с одной стороны, и потребителей, готовых приобретать все более сложные продукты, производимые промышленностью, с другой. Успешность экспериментов по внедрению развитых форм рабочего самоуправления в значительной степени определялась социально-политическим контекстом, в котором они ставились, а также идеологическими установками самих экспериментаторов. Российские эксперименты по внедрению принципов рабочего самоуправления осуществлялись в условиях предельной централизации производства, господства плановой системы, сводившей процесс принятия решений на низовом уровне к минимуму. Вместе с тем многие из форм хозяйственной самоорганизации рабочих прижились на промышленных предприятиях в развитых странах, а кооперативы, управляемые работниками, продемонстрировали высокий уровень хозяйственной эффективности. Включенность рядовых работников в процесс управления – это необходимый шаг на пути решения важнейшей из проблем, с которыми сталкивается современное общество, – проблемой неравенства.
Мечта о хорошем образовании: противоречия развития образовательных общностей в российских университетах
Authors: Зборовский Гарольд Ефимович , Амбарова Полина Анатольевна 
Published: April 2019

Цитирование: Зборовский Г.Е., Амбарова П.А. (2019) Мечта о хорошем образовании: противоречия развития образовательных общностей в российских университетах // Мир России. Т. 28. № 2. С. 98–124. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-2-98-124
В статье доказывается, что качественное высшее образование возможно только в том случае, если обеспечено развитие двух основных образовательных общностей – студенчества и научно-педагогического сообщества. Проблемы такого образования анализируются сквозь призму противоречий, существующих между 1) мотивацией образовательных общностей на качественное высшее образование и способами достижения этой цели, 2) целями развития образовательных общностей и интересами управления в сфере высшего образования, 3) усилиями и ресурсами, затрачиваемыми на развитие образовательных общностей, и результатами этого процесса. Цель нашего исследования состоит в выявлении предпосылок, содержания и последствий указанных выше противоречий и поиске путей их разрешения в условиях неопределенности развития российского высшего образования. Авторы связывают способы и пути урегулирования этих противоречий с переходом к нелинейной модели высшего образования, которая рассматривается как инструмент осуществления социального эксперимента по созданию системы высшего образования в конкретном макрорегионе – федеральном округе. Подчеркивается, что объективная необходимость такого эксперимента существует, а в качестве его базы предлагается Уральский федеральный округ (УрФО). Одной из задач эксперимента является разрешение противоречий в развитии образовательных общностей уральских вузов, раскрытию которых и посвящена эта статья, написанная на материалах эмпирических исследований, проведенных в УрФО.
Öğretmenlerin Pozitif Psikolojik Sermaye Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YALÇIN Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Sinan 
Published: April 2019

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Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Erzincan il merkezinde bulunan ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapmakta olan öğretmenler arasından rastgele örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen toplam 217 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri oldukça yüksek çıkmıştır. Pozitif psikolojik sermaye alt boyutları açısından öğretmenlerin en yüksek ortalamaya sahip oldukları boyut, “güven” boyutu olmuştur. Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri cinsiyetlerine göre “öz yeterlilik” boyutunda erkek öğretmenlerin lehine anlamlı bir farklılık gösterirken, “umut”, “psikolojik dayanıklılık”, “iyimserlik” boyutlarında ise anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir.&nbsp;
Finansal Gelişme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: BRICS Ekonomileri İçin Dinamik Heterojen Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: KAR Bahar Baysal , KAR Mikail 
Published: April 2019

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Bu çalışmada, 1990-2014 dönemi boyunca BRICS ekonomilerinde finansal gelişmenin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki rolü araştırılmaktadır. İçselliği kontrol etmek için finansal gelişme göstergelerine ek olarak, kişi başına düşen reel GSYH’nın büyüme oranı, beşeri sermaye endeksi ve GSYH içerisinde modern sektörün payı araç değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır ve gelir eşitsizliği gini katsayısı ile ölçülmüştür. Havuzlanmış ortalama grup (PMG) tahmincisine dayalı ampirik sonuçlar, bu yükselen ekonomilerde finansal gelişmenin düşük gelir gruplarına yarar sağlamadığını ileri süren, gelir eşitsizliğini arttırıcı hipotezi desteklemektedir. Diğer bir ifade ile ampirik bulgular finansal gelişmenin gelir eşitsizliğini uzun dönemde arttırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın politika iması, bu ekonomilerde gelir eşitsizliği ile mücadele etmek için mevcut ekonomi politikalarının finansal erişimin öneminin farkına varması gerektiğidir.&nbsp;
KIRILGAN 8’LİDE MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLER İLE KREDİ NOTLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: SANDALCILAR Ali Rıza , ALTINER Ali , ÇOLAK Yusuf 
Published: April 2019

Derecelendirme kuruluşlarının verdiği kredi notları
uluslararası yatırım kararları üzerinde olumlu ve/veya olumsuz etkiler yapmaktadır.
Bu durum söz konusu kuruluşların derecelendirme işlemlerinde objektif
davranmadıkları; hatta ekonomik krizleri tetiklediği tartışmasını beraberinde
getirmektedir. Çalışmada Kırılgan 8’li grubu ülkelerin makroekonomik
değişkenleri ile Moody’s Investors Service Inc. ’in bu ülke gurubuna verdiği
kredi notları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle yatay
kesit bağımlılığı ve testleriyle,
serilerin durağanlığı ise CIPS birim kök testiyle araştırılmıştır. Eğim
katsayılarının homojenliği Swamy S testiyle incelenmiş ve uygulanan Westerlund
ve Edgerton (2007) eşbütünleşme testi sonucunda seriler arasında eşbütünleşme
ilişkisinin olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak seriler Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik
testine tabi tutularak kredi notundan doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, enflasyon
oranı ve ekonomik büyüme oranına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin
varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak tersi
durumun varlığı ile kredi notlarıyla işsizlik oranları arasında nedensellik
ilişkisine rastlanılamamıştır.
Clinical profile of hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed neonates
Authors: Devadas Sahana , C. R. Ranjitha , Sabapathy Sarala , K. Mallesh 
Published: April 2019

Background: Neonatal hypernatremia is a potentially lethal condition. This study was planned to find out the predisposing factors and outcome of hypernatremia in breast feed late preterm and term neonates.Methods: In defined study period, neonates with serum sodium level >145mmol/L, who satisfies all the inclusion criteria are included in the study. The data was collected using a proforma which included clinical symptoms, risk factors for neonatal hypernatremia in addition to laboratory data.Results: The results demonstrated hypernatremia in 63 neonates with mean age of presentation being 4.5 days, mean sodium level of 154.2 and average weight loss was 13.2%. Neonates admitted at older age >7days had higher sodium concentration with mean of 162.5mmol/L. Serum sodium levels correlates positively with percentage of weight loss and correlates negatively with birth weight and was statistically significant with p value <0.05. 41(65%) of mothers were primipara, 37(58%) had delivered by LSCS and 39(62%) had lactation issues postnatally. Most common presenting symptom was jaundice in 44(71%), followed by fever in 38(61%).Conclusions: Hypernatremic dehydration can be prevented by counselling about importance of breast feeding for the mothers starting from antenatal period, early initiation of breast feeding, addressing lactation issues and monitoring daily weight.
Comparative Meta-analysis of Fifty-one Iranian Medical Universities Regarding Faculty Members Information
Authors: Barzegar Kazem , Barzegar Somayeh 
Published: April 2019

Background: Faculty members are the key components of any medical university. The number, specialty, scientific rank, and H-index play a significant role in the general primacy of any university. This study compared 51 Iranian medical universities regarding faculty members in terms of total number of faculty members per medical university, ISI articles of each top faculty member, citations, average citations per paper of each, H-index, their scientific rank, and their specialty.
Methods: In this analytic-descriptive study conducted in 2018 in Yazd, Iran, the data were gleaned from 51 Iranian medical universities affiliated to the Iranian Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education using Electronic Scientific Measurement System and analyzed with SPSS19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using descriptive statistics of frequency, range, mean, SD, and also correlations. Independent medical schools, medical research centers, and Islamic Azad University medical schools were excluded.
Results: Data analysis showed the maximum and minimum number of faculty members at each medical university, total number of ISI articles, total citations, citations per paper, H-index, scientific rank, and specialty of each top faculty member. There were statistically weak, moderate, and strong correlations between the five variables under study.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there were 18972 medical faculty members teaching and researching in Iranian medical universities. Yet, there was an imbalance in the variables under study in different medical universities located in different parts of Iran. A more balanced distribution of faculty members and resources is required to improve medical education in all parts of Iran. The findings of the study may be added to the WHO database to be used by foreign students and scholars who want to study medicine or carry out research in Iranian medical universities.
Transport of HPAM Solutions in low Permeability Porous Media: Impacts of Salinity and Clay Content
Authors: Guetni Imane , Marliere Claire , Rousseau David , Bihannic Isabelle , Pelletier Manuel , Villieras Frédéric 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chemical EOR is now considered as an attractive option for low permeability reservoirs, in particular where lack of gas supply does not allow gas injection processes. However, its application can be challenging for permeabilities below 100 mD, as poor injectivity and high chemical retention are frequently observed in these cases. This work aimed at investigating the impact of both chemical and mineralogical parameters on the transport of polymer solutions in well-controlled low permeability porous media.
The intrinsic viscosity and hydrodynamic size of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solubilized in brines of variable ionic strengths and hardnesses were firstly investigated. Polymer injection corefloods were then conducted using granular packs (sand and clays mixtures) with similar petrophysical characteristics (permeability 60-80 mD) but having several controlled mineralogical compositions. The granular packs were especially characterized in terms of structure (SEM) and specific surface area (BET) before and after polymer injections. The main observables from the coreflood tests were the resistance and residual resistance factors generated by the polymer, the polymer inaccessible pore volume and its irreversible retention.
Homogenous and reproducible granular packs were successfully prepared thanks to a dedicated methodology and using different ratios of quartz and clays (kaolinite and illite separately).
Results from the viscometric analysis showed that the intrinsic viscosity of the HPAM solutions decreased with increasing total salinity, as expected from charge screening, and that it decreased sharply in presence of divalent cations, even at low ionic strength, which was less expected.
Coreflood experiments showed that polymer retentions, resistance factors and irreversible resistance factors increased significantly:–with increasing ionic strength and hardness for porous media of a given mineralogical composition. This appeared consistent with the outcomes of the viscometric study and confirmed the major impact of hardness;–in presence of kaolinite and illite, even at low ionic strength and hardness.
The polymer inaccessible pore volume was significantly impacted by the presence of clays, but not by the ionic strength and hardness. Analysis of the results indicated that these effects could not be attributed only to polymer adsorption linked to the increase of specific surface area, but that more complex polymer adsorption/retention mechanisms occur depending on the clay type (layer charge and expandability).
This systematic study allows dissociating the impacts of salinity, hardness and clay contents/types on the transport of polymer solutions in low permeability porous media. The results obtained should be of interest to the chemical EOR industry as they provide guides to help tuning the injection brine composition and polymer concentration to the reservoir properties.
Machine-Learning-Based Petrophysical Property Modeling
Authors: Vallabhaneni Sridharan , Saraf Rahul , Priyadarshy Satyam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The current cycle for reservoir management requires several months to years to update static and dynamic models as additional data from the field [logs, production, pressures, core, four-dimensional (4D), etc.] are obtained. These delays in updating the models result in increased risk and contribute to a significant loss of economic value. The ultimate goal for next-generation reservoir management is to reduce the cycle from several months to a few days. The current challenges for developing a proactive/real-time reservoir management solution include but are not limited to the time and manual intervention involved in conditioning and interpreting the logging-while-drilling (LWD) and well log data acquired during and after drilling a well; updating three-dimensional (3D) petrophysical/static models; and the computational cost and time involved in generating reservoir models from static and production data (history matching). However, the current widespread use of machine-learning and cloud-computing capabilities leads to faster and more accurate models, enabling real-time or near-real-time decision making. Using machine learning, one of these challenges—updating the 3D static models—was successfully addressed, namely, updating porosity prediction in a 3D model after new information comes to light, such as logging from a newly drilled well. The conventional geostatistical approach does not always honor geological variations in the subsurface formations, because only one or two seismic attributes can be used for co-simulation, and only with first-order interactions. Additionally, and most important, generating hundreds of realizations on a 3D grid is computationally intense and time consuming. Typically, several weeks are necessary to generate these static models before feeding them into the reservoir model. The proposed solution is a machine-learning-based approach that integrates 3D spatial availability of seismic data with petrophysical properties. One important goal of reservoir management is to understand reservoir uncertainties before they adversely affect field development. This machine learning solution proved to be computationally less costly, more accurate, and much faster than the conventional geostatistical approach.
Geomechanical Model of a Gas Field for Seismic Risk Analysis
Authors: Berentsen Cas , de Pater Cornelis , Nieuwland Ferry 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Slootdorp field has a complex structure with most reserves in Rotliegend sandstone, which is communicating with gas bearing Zechstein carbonates. The Rotliegend reservoir is bounded by a large fault, which might become seismogenic during depletion. A 3D geomechanical model was built, based on the faults and horizons in the geological model. Both the Rotliegend and Zechstein reservoirs were included in the model. The model was populated with geomechanical properties derived from logs, LOT's (leak off tests) and regional data on the stress field. Also, overburden properties from previous studies on nearby fields were used.
The pressure input was obtained from reservoir simulation. It is important to include the water leg pressure in the pressure input since the Rotliegend gas reservoir is in contact with an active aquifer. Pressure reduction drives the compaction of the reservoir, which induces stresses on the faults causing slippage. Since the water is quite incompressible, a large pressure reduction in the water leg may be caused temporarily by a rising gas water contact.
It turned out that slippage is not expected at the lowest gas pressure using a conservative estimate of the critical friction coefficient on the fault of 0.55. Sensitivity analysis on the most important input parameters was performed with a range that can be expected for such a field. The result was that the maximum critical stress ratio could range between 0.46 and 0.53 for the expected uncertainty of input parameters. The geomechanical modeling shows that an active aquifer has a dominant, mitigating effect on seismic risk, which can explain why many reservoirs show no seismicity in the Netherlands, although other effects could also play a role.
Attempt of Lithology Prediction from Surface Drilling Data and Machine Learning for Scientific Drilling Programs
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Tanaka Ryuta , Ishiwata Junya 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) operates the scientific deep-sea drilling vessel Chikyu for scientific studies on past climate changes, long-term crust transportation, biological and abiotic processes associated with hydrocarbon production, and earthquakes, the last being one of the most important research topics. Chikyu conducted the Japan Trench Fast Drilling Program (JFAST) to obtain core samples from sediment layers under the seabed for study on the large Tohoku earthquake which triggered the devastating tsunami in 2011. Chikyu has also started to conduct the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) as the Nankai Trough is one of the most active earthquake zones. As one of the primary goals of scientific drilling is to evaluate sediment properties, it is highly beneficial to characterize the lithology of the drilling layer during drilling operations. Even an approximation of these properties could potentially provide valuable information for conducting coring operations. Thus, a previous study attempted to discuss the properties of sediment layers using surface drilling data, and estimated the shear stress of the sediment. In this study, we summarize the method applied in the previous paper for estimating the torque at the drill bit from the surface measured drilling data for NanTroSEIZE deep riser drilling operation. This data was then used to directly calculate the shear stress of the sediment. The drilling torque at the bit differed from the surface torque, where this difference increased with increasing drilling depth. Our estimations of the drilling torque were validated using torque data obtained from logging while drilling (LWD) operations. We also used machine-learning approaches to predict the lithology, where learning data was created from surface drilling data and lithology information from core samples obtained during past scientific drilling operations. Machine learning was then applied using neural network algorithms by tuning the number of layers to create a predictive model. This paper discusses the preliminary attempt to predict the lithology using machine-learning approaches for NanTroSEIZE and JFAST data.