bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Loeb Mark , Dang Anh Duc , Thiem Vu Dinh , Thanabalan Vitheya , Wang Biao , Nguyen Nguyen Binh , Tran Hung Thi Mai , Luong Tan Minh , Singh Pardeep , Smieja Marek , Maguire Jonathon , Pullenayegum Eleanor 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundIt is uncertain whether vitamin D can reduce respiratory infection.ObjectiveTo determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces influenza and other upper viral respiratory tract infections.MethodsA total of 1300 healthy children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 17 years were randomized to vitamin D (14 000 U weekly) or placebo for 8 months in Vietnam. The primary outcome was reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR–confirmed influenza infection, and the coprimary outcome was multiplex PCR–confirmed non‐influenza respiratory viruses. Participants, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment.ResultsA total of 650 children and adolescents were randomly assigned to vitamin D and 650 to placebo. The mean baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were 65.7 nmol/L and 65.2 nmol/L in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively, with an increase to 91.8 nmol/L in the vitamin D group and no increase, 64.5 nmol/L, in the placebo group. All 1300 participants randomized contributed to the analysis. We observed RT‐PCR–confirmed influenza A or B occurred in 50 children (7.7%) in the vitamin D group and in 43 (6.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.79‐1.78). RT‐PCR–confirmed non‐influenza respiratory virus infection occurred in 146 (22.5%) in the vitamin D group and in 185 (28.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.94). When considering all respiratory viruses, including influenza, the effect of vitamin D in reducing infection was significant, HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.99.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of influenza but moderately reduced non‐influenza respiratory viral infection.
Interdiffusion between silica thin films and soda‐lime glass substrate during annealing at high temperature
Authors: Fonné Jean‐Thomas , Burov Ekaterina , Gouillart Emmanuelle , Grachev Sergey , Montigaud Hervé , Vandembroucq Damien 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study the diffusive interaction between soda‐lime glass substrates and sputtered aluminum‐doped silica thin films at 650°C, the temperature of commercial soda‐lime glass shaping or tempering. A first rapid migration of alkali ions from substrate to thin film has been described in a companion paper (J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:1516). Using the same samples as (J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:1516), we focus here on later interactions, when the layer is consumed by the substrate resulting from diffusive interactions. Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy profilometry, we show that the interdiffusion rate increases with the aluminum doping content of the layer. We show that the alkali uptake of silica layers accelerates diffusive exchanges with the substrate, consistently with a decrease of viscosity of the layer. Diffusion profiles of silicon are well reproduced when solving the diffusion equation for a diffusivity having an exponential dependence with silicon concentration. The diffusivity of aluminum is shown to be 10 times slower than the diffusion of silicon. Specific exchanges of the two network formers with network modifiers are deduced from the composition‐space trajectories, providing evidence for multicomponent diffusive couplings between species.
An Empirical Study of Geahigan's Inquiry Model in Learning Art at Senior Secondary School Level
Authors: Tam Cheung On 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe philosophical foundation for teaching art criticism in schools has been dominated by formalist and expressionist aesthetics, while from a practical point of view it has been influenced by art criticism models that emphasise observation and linguistic practices. Instead of asking students to observe an artwork and make verbal or written statements, George Geahigan proposed an inquiry‐based art criticism learning model that engages students in personal response, research, and aesthetic concept and perceptual skill acquisition activities. Using inquiry‐based art criticism as a foundation for curriculum development and connecting the model to authentic situations in schools, the present study investigated the effectiveness of the model on student learning. Fifteen secondary school teachers were invited to participate. Eight teachers taught the experimental group (n=85) with inquiry‐based curriculum plans and the other seven teachers taught the control group (n=82) with their own school curriculum plans. Students of both groups were asked to write an art criticism essay before and after the implementation of the curriculum plans. The results demonstrated that the overall improvement of the experimental group after one academic year was significantly greater than that of the control group. This article reports on the theoretical framework, methodology and results of the study. It was found that the inquiry‐based approach was a successful strategy in improving students’ skills in analysing, judging and using aesthetic and contextual knowledge in art criticism writing. The discussion focuses on the improvements that were made in the art criticism essays of the experimental group.
Effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 gene expression to prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic rat vessels
Authors: Fazlali Mina , Kharazmi Fatemeh , Kamran Mitra , Malekzadeh Kianoosh , Talebi Ardeshir , Khosravi Fatemeh , Soltani Nepton 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the reduction of atherosclerosis plaques through inhibition of lectin‐like low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) gene expression in diabetic vessels.Materials and methodsA total of 50 rats were divided into five groups, including non‐diabetic control, Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control, chronic diabetic, Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and insulin‐treated chronic diabetic. The induction of diabetes was carried out by streptozotocin. The Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control groups were treated with 10 g/L of MgSO4 added to their drinking water. The insulin‐treated chronic diabetic group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice per day. The fasting blood glucose level and bodyweight were determined weekly. Blood pressure measurement and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were carried out after 16 weeks, and the plasma levels of Mg, lipid profile and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL) were determined. The mesenteric bed was isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method. The aorta was isolated for LOX‐1 genes and proteins expression, and pathological investigation.ResultsMgSO4 administration improved blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and plasma ox‐LDL level, and also lowered the blood glucose level to the normal range, and decreased LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Insulin decreased blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, blood glucose, lipid profiles and plasma oxLDL level, but it did not decrease LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions.ConclusionsThe present findings suggested that MgSO4 improves blood pressure and vessel structure through decreasing oxLDL, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions; however, insulin did not repair vessel structure, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions.
Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck
Authors: Zhang Huaiyong , Liao Hang , Zeng Qiufeng , Wang Jianping , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping , Zhang Keying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. A total of 432 1‐d‐old mixed‐sex Cherry Valley ducks (216 males and 216 females) were randomly allocated and fed low‐vitamin level diet (70% NRC vitamin regimen), high‐vitamin level diet (DSM vitamin regimen) or medium‐vitamin level diet (50% low‐vitamin level diet and 50% high‐vitamin level diet). Sternum and serum were harvested after 49 d of feeding. Compared with the low‐vitamin level group, dietary high‐vitamin level increased body weight (BW) at d 49 (p = 0.029) but did not alter all parameters of carcass trait (p > 0.05). Medium‐ and high‐vitamin level increased sternum defatted weight, density, ash and calcium (Ca) concentration (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the medium and high‐vitamin level group significantly decreased the relative proportions of the keel cartilage at 49 d (p < 0.05) and decreased the sternum length and height (p < 0.05) in meat ducks at 49 d. Likewise, high‐vitamin level improved serum Ca and phosphate (P) content (p < 0.05) and declined serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p = 0.003) compared with the low‐vitamin level group. Our study indicates that high‐vitamin level did not affect the examined carcass traits; however, high‐vitamin level improved growth performance and sternum calcification.
Lung carcinoma representing initially with subacute bilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy: A case of atypical occipital condyle syndrome
Authors: Miyake Zenshi , Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Matsuyama Masashi , Nakano Noriyuki , Nasu Katsuhiro , Noguchi Masayuki , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Tamaoka Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe herein report the case of a 73‐year‐old man presenting bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy as the initial symptom of metastatic lung cancer. The patient had subacute dysarthria and dysphagia caused by a disturbance in the protrusion of his tongue; He also had severe constant occipital pain, which prevented sleep. MRI showed a mass with contrast enhancement at the skull base. Squamous cell carcinoma was shown by bronchoscopic lung biopsy. In cases of hypoglossal nerve palsy with preceding severe ipsilateral occipital pain, metastatic cancer to the skull base should be considered as occipital condyle syndrome, even though the hypoglossal nerve palsy is bilateral or the patient has no history of malignant tumors. Occipital condyle syndrome with bilateral hypoglossal paralysis may be important as a sign of poor prognosis in cancer.
Kidney Health Australia ‐ Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment guideline recommendations for infection control for haemodialysis units
Authors: Jardine Meg , Commons Robert J , de Zoysa Janak R , Wong Muh G , Gilroy Nicole , Green Julianne , Henderson Belinda , Stuart Rhonda L , Tunnicliffe David J , van Eps Carolyn , Athan Eugene 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAimThere is no national consensus on infection control in haemodialysis units in Australia and New Zealand. The primary aim of this guideline was to provide recommendations on screening for blood‐borne viruses and multi‐resistant organisms for dialysis units based on the available evidence.MethodsThe Kidney Health Australia Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment guidelines, overall approach to guideline development follows the GRADE framework. A facilitated workshop was conducted to ensure that patient and caregiver concerns were considered. The evidence from relevant medical databases on the impact of screening on detection and transmission rates, hospitalization, mortality and psychosocial care, was reviewed and critically appraised. The guideline group made recommendations from the evidence available.ResultsThe main guideline recommendations are:

Dialysis units adopt a comprehensive approach that encompasses standard infection control precautions.

Conduct routine surveillance for key blood‐borne viruses and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Conduct routine surveillance of individual levels of protection against hepatitis B for patients on haemodialysis. Use dedicated dialysis machines for HBV‐infected patients.
The evidence in totality was not found to support routine surveillance of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci . Enhanced surveillance in light of the local risk of transmittable infectious agents should be considered by dialysis units. Very few studies have reported on the potential adverse effects of screening and associated practices.ConclusionsFuture research should focus on the potential benefits and adverse effects of screening and associated practices on clinical outcomes including infections prevented and health service delivery, and psychosocial domains for patients. Given the results of trials in the critical setting, the effectiveness of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in people receiving dialysis therapy warrants further research.
The central question and the scope of nursing research
Authors: Moulton Elizabeth , Wilson Rosemary , Camargo Plazas Pilar , Halverson Kathryn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs nursing continues to develop as a professional discipline, it is important for nurses to have a central question to guide their research. Since the 1800s, nursing practice and research have covered a wide scope in cooperation with other disciplines. This wide area of nursing practice and research has led to the proposal that the central question be: How can the well‐being of a person, family, community, or population be improved? The proposed question must remain flexible and open to revision because nurses will continue to adapt to the changing needs of their patients and populations and to their complex and evolving work environments.
Spatial Decentralization and Programme Evaluation: Theory and an Example
Authors: Pitt Mark M. , Menon Nidhiya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an instrumental variable method for programme evaluation that only requires a single cross‐section of data on the spatial intensity of programmes and outcomes. The instruments are derived from a simple theoretical model of government decision‐making in which governments are responsive to the attributes of places, rather than to the attributes of individuals, in making allocation decisions across space, and have a social welfare function that is spatially weakly separable, that is, that the budgeting process behaves as if it is multi‐stage with respect to administrative districts and sub‐districts. The spatial instrumental variables model is then estimated and tested with a single cross‐section of Indonesian census data. The results offer support to the identification strategy proposed but also highlight some issues affecting validity.
Transcriptional responses of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum to coaggregation
Authors: Mutha Naresh V. R. , Mohammed Waleed K. , Krasnogor Natalio , Tan Geok Y. A. , Choo Siew W. , Jakubovics Nicholas S. 
Published: October 2018

Cell‐cell interactions between genetically distinct bacteria, known as coaggregation, are important for the formation of mixed‐species biofilms such as dental plaque. Interactions lead to gene regulation in the partner organisms that may be critical for adaptation and survival in mixed‐species biofilms. Here, gene regulation responses to coaggregation between Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum were studied using dual RNA‐Seq. Initially, S. gordonii was shown to coaggregate strongly with F. nucleatum in buffer or human saliva. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, cells of different species were shown to be evenly distributed throughout the coaggregate and were closely associated with one another. This distribution was confirmed by serial block face sectioning scanning electron microscopy, which provided high resolution three‐dimensional images of coaggregates. Cell‐cell sensing responses were analysed 30 minutes after inducing coaggregation in human saliva. By comparison with monocultures, 16 genes were regulated following coaggregation in F. nucleatum whereas 119 genes were regulated in S. gordonii. In both species, genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism were strongly affected by coaggregation. In particular, one 8‐gene operon in F. nucleatum encoding sialic acid uptake and catabolism was up‐regulated 2‐ to 5‐fold following coaggregation. In S. gordonii, a gene cluster encoding functions for phosphotransferase system‐mediated uptake of lactose and galactose was down‐regulated up to 3‐fold in response to coaggregation. The genes identified in this study may play key roles in the development of mixed‐species communities and represent potential targets for approaches to control dental plaque accumulation.
A comparison of midazolam and zolpidem as oral premedication in children, a prospective randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Hanna Amgad H. , Ramsingh Davinder , Sullivan‐Lewis Whitney , Cano Sarah , Leiter Patrick , Wallace Desiree , Andrews Gerald , Austin Briahnna , Applegate Richard L. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAnxiety associated with pediatric surgery can be stressful. Midazolam is a well‐accepted anxiolytic in this setting. However, there are cases in which this medication is not effective. Zolpidem is a short‐acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug that is administered orally and has quick onset of action (~15 minutes), and 2‐3 hour duration.AimsBased on the theory that impaired perception following oral zolpidem administration would suppress the development of anxiety, we sought to compare zolpidem to midazolam for pediatric preoperative anxiety.MethodsThis prospective randomized double‐blinded clinical trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of oral midazolam and zolpidem for anxiety premedication. Eighty ASA class I‐II pediatric patients between 2 and 9 years old, surgery >2 hours, and at least 23 hours postoperative admission were included in the study. Randomization was done with 0.5 mg/kg midazolam or 0.25 mg/kg zolpidem administered orally. The primary outcome measure was between group difference in patient anxiety at the time of separation using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcomes included emergence delirium and mask acceptance at induction.ResultsThere was no significant difference in Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale scores at separation between midazolam (median/interquartile range = 26.7/23.3‐36.6) and zolpidem (median/interquartile range = 30.0/23.3‐56.6) groups, difference 0.01 (95% CI −3E−5, 3E−2; P = 0.07). Mask acceptance score was significantly better in the midazolam group. There was no significant difference in emergence delirium scores between groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that zolpidem, as dosed, was similar to midazolam with regard to anxiety scoring, and inferior with regard to mask acceptance scores.
Integrated transcriptome, small RNA and degradome sequencing approaches provide insights into Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea
Authors: Garg Vanika , Khan Aamir W. , Kudapa Himabindu , Kale Sandip M. , Chitikineni Annapurna , Qiwei Sun , Sharma Mamta , Li Chuanying , Zhang Baohong , Xin Liu , Kishor P.B. Kavi , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAscochyta blight (AB) is one of the major biotic stresses known to limit the chickpea production worldwide. To dissect the complex mechanisms of AB resistance in chickpea, three approaches, namely, transcriptome, small RNA and degradome sequencing were used. The transcriptome sequencing of 20 samples including two resistant genotypes, two susceptible genotypes and one introgression line under control and stress conditions at two time points (3rd and 7th day post inoculation) identified a total of 6767 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were mainly related to pathogenesis‐related proteins, disease resistance genes like NBS‐LRR, cell wall biosynthesis and various secondary metabolite synthesis genes. The small RNA sequencing of the samples resulted in the identification of 651 miRNAs which included 478 known and 173 novel miRNAs. A total of 297 miRNAs were differentially expressed between different genotypes, conditions and time points. Using degradome sequencing and in silico approaches, 2131 targets were predicted for 629 miRNAs. The combined analysis of both small RNA and transcriptome datasets identified 12 miRNA‐mRNA interaction pairs that exhibited contrasting expression in resistant and susceptible genotypes and also, a subset of genes that might be post‐transcriptionally silenced during AB infection. The comprehensive integrated analysis in the study provides better insights into the transcriptome dynamics and regulatory network components associated with AB stress in chickpea and, also offers candidate genes for chickpea improvement.
Implications of the diagnostic criteria of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in clinical practice: Analysis from the Australian Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry
Authors: Jo Helen E. , Glaspole Ian , Goh Nicole , Hopkins Peter M.A. , Moodley Yuben , Reynolds Paul N. , Chapman Sally , Walters Eugene Haydn , Zappala Christopher , Allan Heather , Macansh Sacha , Grainge Christopher , Keir Gregory J. , Hayen Andrew , Henderson Douglas , Klebe Sonja , Heinze Stefan B. , Miller Anne , Rouse Hannah C. , Duhig Edwina , Cooper Wendy A. , Mahar Annabelle M. , Ellis Samantha , McCormack Samuel R. , Ng Bernard , Godbolt David B. , Corte Tamera J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveCurrent guidelines for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) provide specific criteria for diagnosis in the setting of multidisciplinary discussion (MDD). We evaluate the utility and reproducibility of these diagnostic guidelines, using clinical data from the Australian IPF Registry.MethodsAll patients enrolled in the registry undergo a diagnostic review whereby international IPF guidelines are applied via a registry MDD. We investigated the clinical applicability of these guidelines with regard to: (i) adherence to guidelines, (ii) Natural history of IPF diagnostic categories and (iii) Concordance for diagnostic features.ResultsA total of 417 participants (69% male, 70.6 ± 8.0 years) with a clinical diagnosis of IPF underwent MDD. The 23% of participants who did not meet IPF diagnostic criteria displayed identical disease behaviour to those with confirmed IPF. Honeycombing on radiology was associated with a worse prognosis and this translated into poorer prognosis in the ‘definite’ IPF group. While there was moderate agreement for IPF diagnostic categories, agreement for specific radiological features, other than honeycombing, was poor.ConclusionIn clinical practice, physicians do not always follow IPF diagnostic guidelines. We demonstrate a cohort of IPF patients who do not meet IPF diagnostic guideline criteria, based largely on their radiology and lack of lung biopsy, but who have outcomes identical to those with IPF.
Estimating market power using a composed error model
Authors: Karakaplan Mustafa U. , Kutlu Levent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present a maximum likelihood based composed error model to estimate market powers of firms. In our model, the stochastic part of the supply relation includes two random components: the conventional two‐sided error term and a random term, which is capturing firm‐specific conducts. Moreover, we provide a generalization of scaled Stevenson stochastic frontier model in the context of doubly truncated normal distributions. We estimate the market powers of Chicago based airlines as an empirical example that is showing the applicability of our estimation procedure.