bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza
Authors: Ranjeva Sylvia , Subramanian Rahul , Fang Vicky J. , Leung Gabriel M. , Ip Dennis K. M. , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Peiris J. S. Malik , Cowling Benjamin J. , Cobey Sarah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfluenza A viruses evolve rapidly to escape host immunity, causing reinfection. The form and duration of protection after each influenza virus infection are poorly understood. We quantify the dynamics of protective immunity by fitting individual-level mechanistic models to longitudinal serology from children and adults. We find that most protection in children but not adults correlates with antibody titers to the hemagglutinin surface protein. Protection against circulating strains wanes to half of peak levels 3.5–7 years after infection in both age groups, and wanes faster against influenza A(H3N2) than A(H1N1)pdm09. Protection against H3N2 lasts longer in adults than in children. Our results suggest that influenza antibody responses shift focus with age from the mutable hemagglutinin head to other epitopes, consistent with the theory of original antigenic sin, and might affect protection. Imprinting, or primary infection with a subtype, has modest to no effect on the risk of non-medically attended infections in adults.
Staufen2-mediated RNA recognition and localization requires combinatorial action of multiple domains
Authors: Heber Simone , Gáspár Imre , Tants Jan-Niklas , Günther Johannes , Moya Sandra M. Fernandez , Janowski Robert , Ephrussi Anne , Sattler Michael , Niessing Dierk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThroughout metazoans, Staufen (Stau) proteins are core factors of mRNA localization particles. They consist of three to four double-stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a C-terminal dsRBD-like domain. Mouse Staufen2 (mStau2)-like Drosophila Stau (dmStau) contains four dsRBDs. Existing data suggest that only dsRBDs 3–4 are necessary and sufficient for mRNA binding. Here, we show that dsRBDs 1 and 2 of mStau2 bind RNA with similar affinities and kinetics as dsRBDs 3 and 4. While RNA binding by these tandem domains is transient, all four dsRBDs recognize their target RNAs with high stability. Rescue experiments in Drosophila oocytes demonstrate that mStau2 partially rescues dmStau-dependent mRNA localization. In contrast, a rescue with mStau2 bearing RNA-binding mutations in dsRBD1–2 fails, confirming the physiological relevance of our findings. In summary, our data show that the dsRBDs 1–2 play essential roles in the mRNA recognition and function of Stau-family proteins of different species.
Origin of band gaps in 3d perovskite oxides
Authors: Varignon Julien , Bibes Manuel , Zunger Alex 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith their broad range of properties, ABO3 transition metal perovskite oxides have long served as a platform for device applications and as a testing bed for different condensed matter theories. Their insulating character and structural distortions are often ascribed to dynamical electronic correlations within a universal, symmetry-conserving paradigm. This view restricts predictive theory to complex computational schemes, going beyond density functional theory (DFT). Here, we show that, if one allows symmetry-breaking energy-lowering crystal symmetry reductions and electronic instabilities within DFT, one successfully and systematically recovers the trends in the observed band gaps, magnetic moments, type of magnetic and crystallographic ground state, bond disproportionation and ligand hole effects, Mott vs. charge transfer insulator behaviors, and the amplitude of structural deformation modes including Jahn-Teller in low temperature spin-ordered and high temperature disordered paramagnetic phases. We then provide a classification of the four mechanisms of gap formation and establish DFT as a reliable base platform to study the ground state properties in complex oxides.
High quality reference genomes for toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139
Authors: Dorman Matthew J. , Domman Daryl , Uddin Muhammad Ikhtear , Sharmin Salma , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Begum Yasmin Ara , Qadri Firdausi , Thomson Nicholas R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractToxigenic Vibrio cholerae of the O139 serogroup have been responsible for several large cholera epidemics in South Asia, and continue to be of clinical and historical significance today. This serogroup was initially feared to represent a new, emerging V. cholerae clone that would lead to an eighth cholera pandemic. However, these concerns were ultimately unfounded. The majority of clinically relevant V. cholerae O139 isolates are closely related to serogroup O1, biotype El Tor V. cholerae, and comprise a single sublineage of the seventh pandemic El Tor lineage. Although related, these V. cholerae serogroups differ in several fundamental ways, in terms of their O-antigen, capsulation phenotype, and the genomic islands found on their chromosomes. Here, we present four complete, high-quality genomes for V. cholerae O139, obtained using long-read sequencing. Three of these sequences are from toxigenic V. cholerae, and one is from a bacterium which, although classified serologically as V. cholerae O139, lacks the CTXφ bacteriophage and the ability to produce cholera toxin. We highlight fundamental genomic differences between these isolates, the V. cholerae O1 reference strain N16961, and the prototypical O139 strain MO10. These sequences are an important resource for the scientific community, and will improve greatly our ability to perform genomic analyses of non-O1 V. cholerae in the future. These genomes also offer new insights into the biology of a V. cholerae serogroup that, from a genomic perspective, is poorly understood.
Myocardin ablation in a cardiac-renal rat model
Authors: Mittal Anupam , Rana Santanu , Sharma Rajni , Kumar Akhilesh , Prasad Rishikesh , Raut Satish K. , Sarkar Sagartirtha , Saikia Uma Nahar , Bahl Ajay , Dhandapany Perundurai S. , Khullar Madhu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCardiorenal syndrome is defined by primary heart failure conditions influencing or leading to renal injury or dysfunction. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major co-existing form of heart failure (HF) with renal diseases. Myocardin (MYOCD), a cardiac-specific co-activator of serum response factor (SRF), is increased in DCM porcine and patient cardiac tissues and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DCM. Inhibiting the increased MYOCD has shown to be partially rescuing the DCM phenotype in porcine model. However, expression levels of MYOCD in the cardiac tissues of the cardiorenal syndromic patients and the effect of inhibiting MYOCD in a cardiorenal syndrome model remains to be explored. Here, we analyzed the expression levels of MYOCD in the DCM patients with and without renal diseases. We also explored, whether cardiac specific silencing of MYOCD expression could ameliorate the cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac function in a renal artery ligated rat model (RAL). We observed an increase in MYOCD levels in the endomyocardial biopsies of DCM patients associated with renal failure compared to DCM alone. Silencing of MYOCD in RAL rats by a cardiac homing peptide conjugated MYOCD siRNA resulted in attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and restoration of the left ventricular functions. Our data suggest hyper-activation of MYOCD in the pathogenesis of the cardiorenal failure cases. Also, MYOCD silencing showed beneficial effects by rescuing cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, size and function in a cardiorenal rat model.
Extracellular Vesicles from Apoptotic Cells Promote TGFβ Production in Macrophages and Suppress Experimental Colitis
Authors: Chen Hua , Kasagi Shimpei , Chia Cheryl , Zhang Dunfang , Tu Eric , Wu Ruiqing , Zanvit Peter , Goldberg Nathan , Jin Wenwen , Chen WanJun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe clearance of apoptotic cells is an essential process to maintain homeostasis of immune system, which is regulated by immunoregulatory cytokines such as TGFβ. We show here that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) were highly released from apoptotic cells, and contributed to macrophage production of TGFβ in vitro and in vivo. We further elucidated mechanistically that phosphatidylserine in EVs was a key triggering-factor, and transcription factor FOXO3 was a critical mediator for apoptotic EV-induced TGFβ in macrophages. Importantly, we found that macrophages pre-exposed to EVs exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype. More strikingly, administration of EVs in vivo promotes Tregs differentiation and suppresses Th1 cell response, and ameliorates experimental colitis. Thus, apoptotic-EV-based treatment might be a promising therapeutic approach for human autoimmune disease.
Dex-CSDH randomised, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone for chronic subdural haematoma: report of the internal pilot phase
Authors: Edlmann Ellie , Thelin Eric P. , Caldwell Karen , Turner Carole , Whitfield Peter , Bulters Diederik , Holton Patrick , Suttner Nigel , Owusu-Agyemang Kevin , Al-Tamimi Yahia Z. , Gatt Daniel , Thomson Simon , Anderson Ian A. , Richards Oliver , Gherle Monica , Toman Emma , Nandi Dipankar , Kane Phillip , Pantaleo Beatrice , Davis-Wilkie Carol , Tarantino Silvia , Barton Garry , Marcus Hani J. , Chari Aswin , Belli Antonio , Bond Simon , Gafoor Rafael , Dawson Sarah , Whitehead Lynne , Brennan Paul , Wilkinson Ian , Kolias Angelos G , Hutchinson Peter J. A. ,   Dex-CSDH trial collaborative and BNTRC collaborative., Badran Khaled , Coulter Ian , Gallagher Mathew J. , Hogg Florence R. A. , Pringle Catherine , Razak Adam , Soleiman Hamzah , Piper Rory , Vintu Marian , Wahba Adam , Wiggins Anthony , Yakoub Kamal Makram , Zaben Malik , Zolnourian Ardalan , Bodkin Peter , Cirstea Emanuel , Critchley Giles , Eglinton Charlotte , Finlay Louise , Georgieva Daniela , Gurusinghe Nihal , Haliasos Nikolaos , Holliman Damian , Hossain-Ibrahim Kismet , Hussain Masood , Kandasamy Jothy , Kambafwile Mary , Nannapaneni Ravindra , Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa Laura , Papadopoulos Marios C , Paraskevopoulos Dimitris , Patel Jash , Manjunath Prasad Kuskoor Seetharam , Tzerakis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Dex-CSDH trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone for patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma. The trial commenced with an internal pilot, whose primary objective was to assess the feasibility of multi-centre recruitment. Primary outcome data collection and safety were also assessed, whilst maintaining blinding. We aimed to recruit 100 patients from United Kingdom Neurosurgical Units within 12 months. Trial participants were randomised to a 2-week course of dexamethasone or placebo in addition to receiving standard care (which could include surgery). The primary outcome measure of the trial is the modified Rankin Scale at 6 months. This pilot recruited ahead of target; 100 patients were recruited within nine months of commencement. 47% of screened patients consented to recruitment. The primary outcome measure was collected in 98% of patients. No safety concerns were raised by the independent data monitoring and ethics committee and only five patients were withdrawn from drug treatment. Pilot trial data can inform on the design and resource provision for substantive trials. This internal pilot was successful in determining recruitment feasibility. Excellent follow-up rates were achieved and exploratory outcome measures were added to increase the scientific value of the trial.
Impact of Nanoparticle Uptake on the Biophysical Properties of Cell for Biomedical Engineering Applications
Authors: Rasel Md Alim Iftekhar , Singh Sanjleena , Nguyen Trung Dung , Afara Isaac O. , Gu Yuantong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanomaterials are currently the state-of-the-art in the development of advanced biomedical devices and applications where classical approaches have failed. To date, majority of the literature on nanomaterial interaction with cells have largely focused on the biological responses of cells obtained via assays, with little interest on their biophysical responses. However, recent studies have shown that the biophysical responses of cells, such as stiffness and adhesive properties, play a significant role in their physiological function. In this paper, we investigate cell biophysical responses after uptake of nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy was used to study changes in cell stiffness and adhesion upon boron nitride (BN) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle uptake. Results show increase in cell stiffness with varying nanoparticle (BN and HAP) concentration, while a decrease in cell adhesion trigger by uptake of HAP. In addition, changes in the biochemical response of the cell membrane were observed via Raman spectroscopy of nanoparticle treated cells. These findings have significant implications in biomedical applications of nanoparticles, e.g. in drug delivery, advanced prosthesis and surgical implants.
Genome sequence analysis of the fairy ring-forming fungus Lepista sordida and gene candidates for interaction with plants
Authors: Takano Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Naoki , Suzuki Tomohiro , Dohra Hideo , Choi Jae-Hoon , Terashima Yurika , Yokoyama Koji , Kawagishi Hirokazu , Yano Kentaro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCircular patterns called “fairy rings” in fields are a natural phenomenon that arises through the interaction between basidiomycete fungi and plants. Acceleration or inhibition of plant vegetative growth and the formation of mushroom fruiting bodies are both commonly observed when fairy rings form. The gene of an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of these regulators was recently isolated in the fairy ring-forming fungus, Lepista sordida. To identify other genes involved in L. sordida fairy ring formation, we used previously generated sequence data to produce a more complete draft genome sequence for this species. Finally, we predicted the metabolic pathways of the plant growth regulators and 29 candidate enzyme-coding genes involved in fairy-ring formation based on gene annotations. Comparisons of protein coding genes among basidiomycete fungi revealed two nitric oxide synthase gene candidates that were uniquely encoded in genomes of fairy ring-forming fungi. These results provide a basis for the discovery of genes involved in fairy ring formation and for understanding the mechanisms involved in the interaction between fungi and plants. We also constructed a new web database F-RINGS (http://bioinf.mind.meiji.ac.jp/f-rings/) to provide the comprehensive genomic information for L. sordida.
Long noncoding RNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells regulate vascular calcification
Authors: Jeong Geon , Kwon Duk-Hwa , Shin Sera , Choe Nakwon , Ryu Juhee , Lim Yeong-Hwan , Kim Jaetaek , Park Woo Jin , Kook Hyun , Kim Young-Kook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVascular calcification is characterized by the accumulation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which is a result of aberrant mineral metabolism. Although many clinical studies have reported its adverse effects on cardiovascular morbidity, the molecular mechanism of vascular calcification, especially the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is not yet reported. From the transcriptomic analysis, we discovered hundreds of lncRNAs differentially expressed in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate, which mimics vascular calcification. We focused on Lrrc75a-as1 and elucidated its transcript structure and confirmed its cytoplasmic localization. Our results showed that calcium deposition was elevated after knockdown of Lrrc75a-as1, while its overexpression inhibited calcium accumulation in A10 cells. In addition, Lrrc75a-as1 attenuated VSMCs calcification by decreasing the expression of osteoblast-related factors. These findings suggest that Lrrc75a-as1 acts as a negative regulator of vascular calcification, and may serve as a possible therapeutic target in vascular calcification.
Engineering of Shallow Layers of Nitrogen Vacancy Colour Centres in Diamond Using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation
Authors: Alghannam Fahad , Hemmer Philip 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSensing nano-scale magnetic field sources is at the heart of many applications in nano-science and biology. Given its very small size and high magnetic sensitivity, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) colour centre in diamond is one of the leading candidates for such applications. However, issues regarding the stability and performance of the NV centre near the diamond’s surface are the major obstacle in the practical realization of theses sensors. So far, conventional implantation and growth techniques did not produce practical and/or repeatable solutions to this problem. In this report, we show first results of shallow layers of NVs created using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). We show, using Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), that most NVs are within 3.6 nm from the diamond’s surface. Despite the relatively low quality of the diamond substrates used and the simplicity of our PIII system, we have an estimated magnetic sensitivity of around 2.29 μT/$$\sqrt{Hz\cdot \mu {m}^{-2}}$$

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The loss of succinate dehydrogenase B expression is frequently identified in hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Roh Tae Hoon , Yim Hyunee , Roh Jin , Lee Kyi Beom , Park So Hyun , Jeong Seon-Yong , Kim Se-Hyuk , Kim Jang-Hee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays an important role in both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. SDH inactivation is associated with tumorigenesis in certain types of tumor. SDH consists of subunits A, B, C and D (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, respectively). Immunohistochemistry for SDHB is a reliable method for detecting the inactivation of SDH by mutations in SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDH complex assembly factor 2 (SDHAF2) genes with high sensitivity and specificity. SDHB immunohistochemistry has been used to examine the inactivation of SDH in various types of tumors. However, data on central nervous system (CNS) tumors are very limited. In the present study, we investigated the loss of SDHB immunoexpression in 90 cases of CNS tumors. Among the 90 cases of CNS tumors, only three cases of hemangioblastoma showed loss of SDHB immunoexpression. We further investigated SDHB immunoexpression in 35 cases of hemangioblastoma and found that 28 (80%) showed either negative or weak-diffuse pattern of SDHB immunoexpression, which suggests the inactivation of SDH. Our results suggest that SDH inactivation may represent an alternative pathway in the tumorigenesis of hemangioblastoma.
Aspergillus fumigatus phosphoethanolamine transferase gene gpi7 is required for proper transportation of the cell wall GPI-anchored proteins and polarized growth
Authors: Ouyang Haomiao , Du Ting , Zhou Hui , Wilson Iain B. H. , Yang Jinghua , Latgé Jean-Paul , Jin Cheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn fungi many proteins, which play important roles in maintaining the function of the cell wall and participating in pathogenic processes, are anchored to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. It has been known that modification and removal of phosphoethanolamine (EtN-P) on the second mannose residue in GPI anchors is important for maturation and sorting of GPI anchored proteins in yeast and mammalian cells, but is a step absent from some protist parasites. In Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing invasive aspergillosis in humans, GPI-anchored proteins are known to be involved in cell wall synthesis and virulence. In this report the gene encoding A. fumigatus EtN-P transferase GPI7 was investigated. By deletion of the gpi7 gene, we evaluated the effects of EtN-P modification on the morphogenesis of A. fumigatus and localization of GPI proteins. Our results showed that deletion of the gpi7 gene led to reduced cell membrane GPI anchored proteins, the mis-localization of the cell wall GPI anchored protein Mp1, abnormal polarity, and autophagy in A. fumigatus. Our results suggest that addition of EtN-P of the second mannose on the GPI anchor is essential for transportation and localization of the cell wall GPI-anchored proteins.
Field and Current Controlled Domain Wall Propagation in Twisted Glass-Coated Magnetic Microwires
Authors: Corodeanu S. , Chiriac H. , Damian A. , Lupu N. , Óvári T.-A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe torsion effect on the field and current driven magnetization reversal and the associated domain wall velocity in cylindrical amorphous and nanocrystalline glass-coated microwires is reported. Samples from three representative compositions have been investigated: (1) amorphous Fe77.5Si7.5B15 with positive magnetostriction, λ ≅ 25 × 10−6, (2) amorphous Co68.18Fe4.32Si12.5B15 with nearly zero negative magnetostriction, λ ≅ −1 × 10−7, and (3) nanocrystalline Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 (FINEMET) with small positive magnetostriction, λ ≅ 2.1 × 10−6, all having the diameter of the metallic nucleus, d, of 20 µm and the glass coating thickness, tg, of 11 µm. The results are explained through a phenomenological interpretation of the effects of applied torque on the anisotropy axes within the microwires with different characteristics. Among all the complex mechanical deformations caused by the application of torque on magnetic microwire samples, the most important are the axial compression – for axial field-driven domain wall motion, and the circumferential tension – for electrical current/circumferential field-driven domain wall motion. The Co68.18Fe4.32Si12.5B15 microwire, annealed at 300 °C for 1 hour and twisted at 168 Rad/m exhibits the optimum characteristics, e.g. the lowest switching current (down to 9 mA~2.9 × 10−3 A/cm2) and the largest domain wall velocity (up to 2300 m/s).
Metformin prevention of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 involves oxidative stress generation and modulation of cell adaptation genes
Authors: Marinello Poliana Camila , Panis Carolina , Silva Thamara Nishida Xavier , Binato Renata , Abdelhay Eliana , Rodrigues Juliana Alves , Mencalha André Luiz , Lopes Natália Medeiros Dias , Luiz Rodrigo Cabral , Cecchini Rubens , Cecchini Alessandra Lourenço 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetformin was shown to sensitize multidrug resistant breast cancer cells; however, the mechanisms involved in this capacity need to be clarified. We investigated oxidative stress and inflammatory-related pathways during the induction of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (DOX-res group), and evaluated metformin-induced cellular responses that resulted in the prevention of doxorubicin resistance (Met-DOX group). Microarray analysis demonstrated that DOX-res changed the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress (OS) and the TGF- β1 pathway. The DOX-res group presented increased thiols and reduced lipoperoxidation, increased levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and reduced nuclear p53 labelling. Analysis of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by RT-PCR array showed that DOX-res developed adaptive responses, such as resistance against apoptosis and OS. Metformin treatment modified gene expression related to OS and the IFN-α signaling pathway. The Met-DOX group was more sensitive to DOX-induced OS, presented lower levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and increased nuclear p53. Analysis of the IFN-α signaling pathway showed that Met-DOX presented more sensitivity to apoptosis and OS. Our findings indicate that metformin is a promising tool in the prevention of chemoresistance in patients with breast cancer submitted to doxorubicin-based treatments.