bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of using a FRAX® risk calculator for 10-year probability of fractures assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nikitinskaya O. A. , Toroptsova N. V. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: July 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and glucocorticoid use are the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis (OP). Early detection of individuals at high risk for osteoporotic fractures among RA patients allows timely prevention of OP and its complications.Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of using a FRAX® calculator without introducing femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) into the algorithm, as well as different therapeutic intervention thresholds to identify RA patients who need anti-osteoporotic therapy.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 RA patients aged over 50 years. A questionnaire survey and axial skeletal densitometry were made; the 10-year fracture risk was calculated using the FRAX® calculator with and without femoral neck BMD. The diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, ROC-curves) of different therapeutic intervention thresholds (Russian and European age-dependent intervention thresholds; 20% and 10%) for FRAX) were studied.Results and discussion. The capabilities of the Russian FRAX® model with and without femoral neck BMD to identify patients requiring treatment for OP were very good (AUC=0.878±0.036 and AUC=0.872±0.040, respectively). Lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry also identified very well RA patients who should undergo prophylaxis against OP and related fractures (AUC=0.837±0.063), while femoral neck and whole hip BMD values showed lower accuracy in detecting these patients (AUC=0.587±0.102 and AUC=0.625±0.092, respectively). The Russian age-dependent threshold showed 79.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity in evaluating the FRAX® algorithm without BMD; these figures for FRAX® with BMD were 82.2 and 65.2%, respectively. The use of FRAX® without and with BMD revealed no significant differences in the identification of persons in need of treatment (χ2=0.22; p=0.64). The sensitivity and specificity of other therapeutic intervention thresholds in determining the fracture risk with and without BMD were as follows: 90.4-94.6 and 17.4-21.7% for the European threshold; 58.8 and 93.8% for 20%, and 96.5% and 0 for 10%, respectively.Conclusion. The FRAX® calculator can be used to assess a fracture risk without entering the femoral neck BMD data into the algorithm for RA patients aged 50 years and older. Fracture risk should be assessed using the Russian agedependent threshold that adequately identifies those who need OP treatment among RA patients.
Impact of training giving to peadiatric nurses by interactive workshops against to problems during lactation period
Authors: Menekşe Dilek , Çınar Nursan , Eren Özge , Altinkaynak Sevin 
Published: July 2019

Aim: The study has been conducted in order to determine the impact of training which giving to peadiatric nurses by interactive workshops against to problems during lactation period.Methods: This study, which is an experimental type in which pre-test/ post-test measurements were taken, was carried out in a state hospital in Samsun in October 2014. Before the training, the nurses accepted the presentation invitation. Evaluation of participants’ knowledge on the subject was performed via a Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) prepared by the researchers in relation with the literature. The study was conducted by 33 volunteer nurses working in the pediatric departments of a state hospital in the conference hall. MCQ, consisting of 24 questions, was answered by the participants before and after the interactive workshop. Analyses were performed using commercial software (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, SPSS Inc. An IBM Corp., Armonk, NY)Findings: Nurses (n= 33) who work in pediatric units participated in the study. The average age of nurses who participated to study is 36.30 ± 6.47 (min=21 max=48). There was a significant improvement in mean test score after the lecture when compared with pre-lecture score (Mean =23.66, SD=0.54 vs. Mean=12.24, SD=4.11, z= -5.021 p = 0.000)Conclusions: Lecture based interactive workshop on the problems faced during lactation period helps to improve nurses’ knowledge. It also helps in overcoming deficiencies in nurses training.
Hittite Toponymy
Authors: Kryszeń Adam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date overview of the collection of toponyms in the Hittite corpus. It discusses the general features of the inventory of place names and their distribution according to various criteria, including dating, language and specific context. Particular attention is paid to the geographic typology of toponyms applied by the Hittite scribes (from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives). It is hoped such a general sketch could offer comparative material for broader, more inclusive studies on the geographical concepts in the Ancient Near East.
“To show” in Hittite and Palaic Rituals
Authors: Sasseville David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a textual analysis of CTH 751 called a Palaic ritual with bread offerings. Due to new joins made by the author, it is now possible to attribute several Palaic fragments placed under CTH 754 to CTH 751. This contributes to a better contextual understanding of the largest Palaic text. The focus of this paper will be the semantic analysis of the Palaic verb takkuwa(g)a-(di), whose elucidation has been facilitated by the new joins. This verb is equated etymologically with Hittite dakkudakuwā(i)-(mi) and takku-(mi), both of debated semantics. In light of the new analysis of the Palaic verb, the two Hittite cognates will be reanalyzed contextually.
Polysemy Revisited
Authors: Guasparri Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the cognitive models that frame our understanding of what is traditionally called “metaphoric polysemy”, a well-established principle at work when it comes to naming the animals around us. In particular, taking the Roman nomenclature of aquatic animals as a case study, polysemy is redefined according to some basic cognitive principles of ethnobiological classification such as analogical similarity, biological essentialism and the role of simultaneous metaphoric and metonymic associations to the perceptual/cultural constraints targeted on the biological referent for naming it – the result is at least two kinds of metaphoric polysemy, to be called “external” (or exo-polysemy) and “internal” (or endo-polysemy), respectively. The idea is that the naming patterns that emerge from the ethnozoological nomenclature under examination may not only provide a better understanding of an ancient people’s zooanthropology but a paradigm for analysing descriptive ethnobiological naming in general.
Classement et lexique animal dans les sources cunéiformes
Authors: Chalendar Vérène 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the methodological issues involved in reconstructing Mesopotamian zoological knowledge, and also with the difficult task of identifying species from the information provided by the cuneiform sources. Through the case study of the animal designated by the sumerogram ur.ki, for which the dictionaries suggest various identifications – dog, badger, or even worm – we explore the Mesopotamian vision of fauna, which already seems to attest to an organized conceptual system elaborated by Mesopotamian scholars concerning their natural environment. We also examine the manipulation of the lexical documentation related to zoological « taxonomy », and lexical matters, which though broadly used, requires extreme caution. ur.ki provides a perfect case study, since it is already attested in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the lexical list ur5.ra = ḫubullu, and remains documented in the later version of this list, but also in some scholarly texts. It allows a chronological survey that aims at retracing the understanding of a sumerogramm and considering the question of the evolution of zoological knowledge in Mesopotamia.
Thinking and Writing “Donkey” in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Vandenbeusch Marie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt through a lexicographical lens. It presents the terminology used for the animal in religious texts focusing on three case studies. Firstly, the most common word used for donkey aA, which appears in economic, literary and religious texts, will be examined. The second section will look into the entity hiw opening to a world of fantastic beings and hybrid creatures. And finally we will see that the number of signs associated to donkeys multiplied in the Ptolemaic period and are generally connected with the god Seth. With these three short investigations, different facets of the donkey are explored, revealing an animal that can be both an evil being and a threatening tool.
Verortung in der Zeit
Authors: Köth Anke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the question, if the past as a legitimation for collegiate architecture becomes obsolete after the change from historical styles to modern architecture in 20th century America. On the one hand, the example of Walter Gropius’ Harvard Graduate Center (1948) shows that traditions like the Harvard’s yard are still used on a very abstract level to fit a new building group into the university. On the other hand, the ambition of past decades to define future through architecture or a masterplan seems to be inappropriate after deep changes in society caused by the depression and by World War II later. As a consequence, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe tries to make changes possible for the new Campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (after 1938): his grid allows to add new building parts easily, and to give them more or less a shape for changing functions.
Neuferts Oktametersystem – eine neue ›Regola‹ im 20. Jahrhundert?
Authors: Drach Ekkehard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

As a result of his highly successful publication Bauentwurfslehre (1936), Ernst Neufert presented a system of measurement that he claimed had universal validity, his so called octameter system in 1941. Every necessary dimension is expressed as a multiple or a fraction of the basic unit of 12.5 cm. He stated that once the design process, the schedules of rooms and many other parameters would become rational and efficient.

Moreover, the question is to what extent the octameter system constitutes a set of rules in the sense of Vitruvian order. Can architecture become legible in the mechanisms of form-making that the system practices? Is the octameter system useful in the communication of meaning or criticism, or is its effectiveness limited to simplifying construction procedures by pursuing standardization and serialization of architectural production?

Neufert’s system became widely disseminated. The architecture faculty building at the University of Innsbruck is an example: it demonstrates how thoroughly Neufert’s octameter division was applied to the finest detail, as a universal frame of reference. Thereby it becomes clear that Neufert’s norm is indeed in a position to transfer formal origination into the realm of cultural action.
𝐾-theory and immersions of spatial polygon spaces
Authors: Davis Donald M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
For

ℓ

{\ell}

a generic n-tuple of positive numbers,

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

denotes the space of isometry classes of oriented n-gons in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

with side lengths specified by

ℓ

{\ell}

.
We determine the algebra

K
⁢

(

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

)

{K(N(\ell))}

and use this to obtain nonimmersions of the

2
⁢

(

n
-
3

)

{2(n-3)}

-manifold

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

in Euclidean space for several families of

ℓ

{\ell}

.
We also use obstruction theory to tell exactly when

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

immerses in

ℝ

4
⁢
n

-
14

{\mathbb{R}^{4n-14}}

for two families of

ℓ

{\ell}

’s.
Controlling residual stress and distortion of friction stir welding joint by external stationary shoulder
Authors: He Weiliang , Liu Jinglin , Hu Wei , Wang Gongdong , Chen Wenjing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) can achieve a sound welding joint, but its residual stress and distortion cannot be avoided due to the non-uniformity of temperature distribution during welding. Stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) was employed to butt weld 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy plates. The effects of welding speeds ranging from 200 mm/min to 600 mm/min on residual stress and distortion were investigated in detail. A thermo-mechanical model was utilized to compare the residual stress distribution between conventional FSW and SSFSW. SSFSW was beneficial to decreasing the peak temperature of stir zone (SZ) and then obtaining a narrower SZ. The peak residual stress produced by SSFSW was 50% lower than that by conventional FSW and a narrower tensile stress region was attained by SSFSW. Moreover, the stationary shoulder applied a function of synchronous rolling during the welding, which controlled the distortion effectively.
On finite groups in which commutators are covered by Engel subgroups
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel , Silveira Danilo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Let

m
,
n

{m,n}

be positive integers and w a multilinear commutator word.
Assume that G is a finite group having subgroups

G
1

,
…
,

G
m

{G_{1},\ldots,G_{m}}

whose union contains all w-values in G.
Assume further that all elements of the subgroups

G
1

,
…
,

G
m

{G_{1},\ldots,G_{m}}

are n-Engel in G.
It is shown that the verbal subgroup

w
⁢

(
G
)

{w(G)}

is s-Engel for some

{
m
,
n
,
w
}

{\{m,n,w\}}

-bounded number s.
Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash and Slag Cementitious Composites Incorporating Nanosilica and Basalt Fiber Pellets
Authors: Azzam A. , Bassuoni M. T. , Shalaby A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Developing ductile and durable cement-based materials that incorporate fibers has been a subject of extensive investigation to improve the performance of new and existing concrete infrastructure, especially with the advent of novel materials. In this study, properties of a novel type of cementitious composite consisting of nanosilica and a high volume of slag or fly ash were investigated. These composites were reinforced with innovative basalt fiber pellets (BFPs), which consist of basalt fiber strands encapsulated by a polymeric resin, with a specially designed grooved texture. Six mortar mixtures were designed based on cement with high-volume (50 %) slag or fly ash and 6 % nanosilica. The mixtures incorporated different dosages of BFPs (2.5, 4.5, and 6.9 % by volume). Fresh mechanical and durability tests were conducted to evaluate the behavior of the composites. In addition, thermal and microscopy studies were performed to examine the microstructural evolution of the mixtures. The results showed that the slag-based composites exhibited improved performance, especially at early ages, with a compressive strength of 57–78 MPa and toughness of 30–44 J at 28 d. Comparatively, the fly ash–based mixtures had a compressive strength and toughness of 46–53 MPa and 27–39 J, respectively at 28 d. As the dosage of pellets increased, the compressive strength was reduced, whereas the flexural behavior was significantly enhanced in terms of strain-hardening, toughness, and postcracking control. In addition, all mixtures had reduced penetrability with total passing charges less than 700 C and acceptable resistance to salt-frost scaling. Hence, all the developed composites herein had balanced plastic, mechanical, and durability performance, which makes them a viable option for a suite of infrastructural applications.
Fluctuating Regional Brainstem Diffusion Imaging Measures of Microstructure across the Migraine Cycle
Authors: Marciszewski Kasia K. , Meylakh Noemi , Di Pietro Flavia , Macefield Vaughan G. , Macey Paul M. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe neural mechanisms responsible for the initiation and expression of migraines remain unknown. Although there is growing evidence of changes in brainstem anatomy and function between attacks, very little is known about brainstem function and structure in the period immediately prior to a migraine. The aim of this investigation is to use brainstem-specific analyses of diffusion weighted images to determine whether the brainstem pain processing regions display altered structure in individuals with migraine across the migraine cycle, and in particular immediately prior to a migraine. Diffusion tensor images (29 controls, 36 migraineurs) were used to assess brainstem anatomy in migraineurs compared with controls. We found that during the interictal phase, migraineurs displayed greater mean diffusivity (MD) in the region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV), dorsomedial pons (dmPons)/dorsolateral pons (dlPons), and midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)/cuneiform nucleus (CNF). Remarkably, the MD returned to controls levels during the 24-h period immediately prior to a migraine, only to increase again within the three following days. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly elevated in the region of the medial lemniscus/ventral trigeminal thalamic tract in migraineurs compared with controls over the entire migraine cycle. These data show that regional brainstem anatomy changes over the migraine cycle, with specific anatomical changes occurring in the 24-h period prior to onset. These changes may contribute to the activation of the ascending trigeminal pathway by either an increase in basal traffic or by sensitizing the trigeminal nuclei to external triggers, with activation ultimately resulting in perception of head pain during a migraine attack.
Hormone receptor expression of colorectal cancer diagnosed during the peri-partum period
Authors: Silverstein Jordyn , Kidder Wesley , Fisher Susan , Hope Thomas A , Maisel Samantha , Ng Dianna , Van Ziffle Jessica , Atreya Chloe E , Van Loon Katherine 
Published: July 2019

Background
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) during the peri-partum period is challenging to diagnose due to the overlapping symptoms of CRC and pregnancy. This is the first case series to investigate clinicopathologic, hormonal and molecular features of CRC diagnosed during the peri-partum period. We hypothesized that advanced presentations of CRC could possibly be mitigated by pregnancy-related hormonal factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of five women diagnosed with CRC during the peri-partum period and studied the clinical and molecular features of their cancer.

Results
All patients presented with stage IV CRC at diagnosis; three had primary tumors in the rectum and two had primary tumors in the sigmoid colon. The liver was the most common metastatic site (three of five women). Immunohistochemistry stains were negative for estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), and one tumor demonstrated low-level positivity for PR (1%). Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from each case were tested with next-generation sequencing and found that all tumors were mismatch repair (MMR) proficient, and three harbored a KRAS mutation. Germline testing showed no predisposition to CRC; however, several somatic variants of undetermined significance (VUS) were identified.

Discussion
CRC in the peri-partum period poses significant risk factors for presentations with advanced disease due to diagnostic challenges. While our study provides no evidence that pathogenesis of CRC during pregnancy is driven by elevated estrogen and/or progesterone levels during pregnancy, additional putative etiologic factors, including placental growth factors, the immunosuppressive state of pregnancy and other physiologic processes during pregnancy, warrant future study.
Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Analyses Reveal the Genetic Basis of Seed Fatty Acid Composition in Oat (Avena sativaL.)
Authors: Carlson Maryn O , Montilla-Bascon Gracia , Hoekenga Owen A , Tinker Nicholas A , Poland Jesse , Baseggio Matheus , Sorrells Mark E , Jannink Jean-Luc , Gore Michael A , Yeats Trevor H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOat (Avena sativa L.) has a high concentration of oils, comprised primarily of healthful unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids. To accelerate oat plant breeding efforts, we sought to identify loci associated with variation in fatty acid composition, defined as the types and quantities of fatty acids. We genotyped a panel of 500 oat cultivars with genotyping-by-sequencing and measured the concentrations of ten fatty acids in these oat cultivars grown in two environments. Measurements of individual fatty acids were highly correlated across samples, consistent with fatty acids participating in shared biosynthetic pathways. We leveraged these phenotypic correlations in two multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. In the first analysis, we fitted a multivariate linear mixed model for all ten fatty acids simultaneously while accounting for population structure and relatedness among cultivars. In the second, we performed a univariate association test for each principal component (PC) derived from a singular value decomposition of the phenotypic data matrix. To aid interpretation of results from the multivariate analyses, we also conducted univariate association tests for each trait. The multivariate mixed model approach yielded 148 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a 10% false-discovery rate, compared to 129 and 73 significant SNPs in the PC and univariate analyses, respectively. Thus, explicit modeling of the correlation structure between fatty acids in a multivariate framework enabled identification of loci associated with variation in seed fatty acid concentration that were not detected in the univariate analyses. Ultimately, a detailed characterization of the loci underlying fatty acid variation can be used to enhance the nutritional profile of oats through breeding.
ALG-2/AGO-Dependent mir-35 Family Regulates DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis Through MPK-1/ERK MAPK Signaling Downstream of the Core Apoptotic Machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Doll Markus Alexander , Soltanmohammadi Najmeh , Schumacher Björn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associate with argonaute (AGO) proteins to post-transcriptionally modulate the expression of genes involved in various cellular processes. Herein, we show that loss of the Caenorhabditis elegans AGO gene alg-2 results in rapid and significantly increased germ cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage inflicted by ionizing radiation (IR). We demonstrate that the abnormal apoptosis phenotype in alg-2 mutant animals can be explained by reduced expression of mir-35 miRNA family members. We show that the increased apoptosis levels in IR-treated alg-2 or mir-35 family mutants depend on a transient hyperactivation of the C. elegans ERK1/2 MAPK ortholog MPK-1 in dying germ cells. Unexpectedly, MPK-1 phosphorylation occurs downstream of caspase activation and depends at least in part on a functional cell corpse-engulfment machinery. Therefore, we propose a refined mechanism, in which an initial proapoptotic stimulus by the core apoptotic machinery initiates the engulfment process, which in turn activates MAPK signaling to facilitate the demise of genomically compromised germ cells.