bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolated from Tibetan Sheep and Tibetan Goats Under Natural Grazing Conditions in Tibet
Authors: Chang Yankai , Wang Yange , Wu Yayun , Niu Ziwen , Li Jiakui , Zhang Sumei , Wang Rongjun , Jian Fuchun , Ning Changshen , Zhang Longxian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present study, fecal samples from a total of 620 Tibetan sheep and 260 Tibetan goats from six counties in Tibet were examined by nested PCR. The results showed that the overall infection rates of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were 0.8% (5/620) and 15% (93/620), respectively, in Tibetan sheep, and 0% (0/260) and 9.6% (25/260), respectively, in Tibetan goats. Based on sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA, tpi, bg, and gdh genes of G. duodenalis, only assemblage E was identified. Based on sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) region of E. bieneusi, a total of 12 genotypes (three novel and nine known) were detected, and these clustered into two separate phylogenetic groups. Genotypes CHG19, EbpA, EbpC, H, PigEBITS5, and CTS3 clustered into Group 1 with high zoonotic potential, while genotypes BEB6, CHC8, CHG1, I, CTS1, and CTS2 fell within the host‐specific Group 2. Ten genotypes were detected in Tibetan sheep, and two genotypes were found in Tibetan goats. The current study indicated that E. bieneusi infections are widespread among these livestock, and Tibetan goats may play an important role as a reservoir of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes.
Electronic nose classification and differentiation of bacterial foodborne pathogens based on support vector machine optimized with particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Bonah Ernest , Huang Xingyi , Yi Ren , Aheto Joshua H. , Osae Richard , Golly Moses 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid detection of bacterial foodborne pathogens is crucial in reducing the incidence of diseases associated with food contaminated with pathogens and toxins. This article presents a classification model of support vector machine (SVM) together with a metaheuristic framework using genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grid searching (GS) optimization algorithms for bacterial foodborne pathogen classification and differentiation. LDA and SVM showed classification accuracies of training (90.3% and 91%) and prediction (89.5% and 90.6%), respectively using the Matlab classification learner app. Optimization of the modeling parameters c and g for SVM were performed to increase efficiency and classification accuracy. Simulated results show classification accuracies of 100% (training set) and 98.95% (prediction set) for five selected bacterial pathogens acquired using electronic nose dataset and PSO‐SVM model. Electronic nose recognition system made up of 12 metal oxide semiconductor sensors produced different distinctive response signals for each bacterial and could differentiate Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium. PSO‐SVM algorithm can be efficiently used in bacterial discrimination at the species and strain level by electronic nose and has the good ability both in learning and in generalization.Practical ApplicationsExisting microbial methods depend on traditional culture‐based methods which are time‐wise lengthy, require trained and qualified personnel, and are not suitable as point‐of‐use (POU) sensing devices. The application of electronic nose for the detection and classification of bacterial foodborne pathogens have shown great promise and proven to be effective with increasing sensitivity and selectivity as compared to traditional methods. The ability for E‐nose to discriminate between individual bacteria colonies at both species and strain level is of great public health importance since most bacteria have many strains. Virulence and pathogenicity are often associated with only a subset of these strains and it is essential for a method to be able to differentiate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains during a foodborne outbreak.
Log jam formation at bridges and the effect on floodplain flow: A flume experiment
Authors: Okamoto Takaaki , Takebayashi Hiroshi , Sanjou Michio , Suzuki Ryuta , Toda Keiichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring localized torrential rains, a large amount of driftwood can be entrained into the river leading to decreased discharge capacity and increased water levels. In August 2012, driftwood accumulated at the bridge in Shizugawa River in Uji, Japan and a house was washed away by the floodplain flow. For disaster prevention, it is important to know the flow characteristics of the flow floodplains. However, detailed information to accurately characterize the floodplain flow around bridges is usually not available. In this study, three kinds of flume experiments were performed. First, we conducted the driftwood accumulation and porous board tests at the model bridge to evaluate backwater rise and blockage ratio of driftwood accumulation (to further conduct PIV measurements). After a large amount of driftwood accumulated at the bridge, the water overflowed the banks and floodplain flow occurred. Next, we examined the effect of the surface hydraulics on driftwood accumulation process by PIV. Then, we measured the velocity of floodplain flow by PIV, in which the accumulation was modeled using a porous board. The results revealed the effect of driftwood accumulation on floodplain flow. The obtained velocity distribution of floodplain flow is useful to estimate the erosion damage location by floodplain flow.
Validation of a Multi–Sensor‐Based Kiosk for Short Physical Performance Battery
Authors: Jung Hee‐Won , Roh Hyunchul , Cho Younggun , Jeong Jinyong , Shin Young‐Sik , Lim Jae‐Young , Guralnik Jack M. , Park Jihong 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to validate a multi–sensor‐based kiosk (automatically measured Short Physical Performance Battery [eSPPB] kiosk) that can perform automated measurement of the SPPB.DESIGNProspective, cross‐sectional study.SETTINGRehabilitation clinic of a tertiary‐care hospital.PARTICIPANTSAmbulatory outpatients, aged 65 years or older (N = 40).MEASUREMENTSThe eSPPB kiosk was developed to measure the three components of the SPPB: standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand test with embedded sensors and algorithms. Correlations between the total and component‐specific scores of the eSPPB and manually measured SPPB (mSPPB), assessed by a physical therapist, were assessed. Further, correlations between SPPB parameters and geriatric functional measures were also evaluated.RESULTSThis study included 40 participants with a mean age of 74.4 ± 6.5 years, a mean total eSPPB score of 10.1 ± 2.1, and a mean total mSPPB score of 10.2 ± 2.1. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the eSPPB and mSPPB total score was 0.97 (P < .001), and the κ agreement was 0.79 (P < .001). The intraclass coefficients between the components of eSPPB and mSPPB were 0.77 (P < .001), 0.88 (P < .001), and 0.99 (P < .001) for standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand test, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe newly developed kiosk might be a viable and efficient method for performing the SPPB in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2605–2609, 2019
Synuclein Meeting 2019: where we are and where we need to go
Authors: Outeiro Tiago Fleming , Mestre Tiago A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Synuclein Meetings are a series that has been taking place every 2 years for about 12 years. The Synuclein Meetings bring together leading experts in the field of synuclein and related human conditions with the goal of discussing and advancing the research. In 2019, the Synuclein Meeting is taking place in Ofir, a city in the outskirts of Porto, Portugal. The meeting is entitled ‘Synuclein Meeting 2019: Where we are and where we need to go’. It has now been 22 years since the initial report of the genetic and pathological association between alpha‐synuclein and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The field has grown and matured, and major advances have been made. We are witnessing exciting times, with the first clinical trials being conducted that target synuclein, and bring the hope of novel therapies for patients with PD and their families. However, we still face many challenges and need to address fundamental questions for the field to progress to where we need to go: having biomarkers and effective therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies. In this context, we have designed the Synuclein Meeting 2019 with a different format. The program will include sessions in the format of a round‐table discussion, to break away from the more rigid format of regular scientific meetings based on oral presentations. Our goal was to create opportunities for discussing the major questions in the field of synuclein and related human disorders, and challenge dogmatic ideas that require a critical revision in light of the most recent knowledge. In this issue, we assembled a series of comprehensive overviews of major topics, questions, and challenges in the field, that will be discussed in the meeting. We are confident that this special issue will be an instrumental reference for inspiring novel paths for future discoveries in the synuclein field and generate other discussions in the scientific community.
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This is the Preface for the Special Issue “Synuclein”.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14520.
Dissecting maternal care: Patterns of maternal parenting in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Unternaehrer Eva , Cost Katherine T. , Bouvette‐Turcot Andrée‐Anne , Gaudreau Hélène , Massicotte Rachel , Dhir Sabine K. , Hari Dass Shantala A. , O'Donnell Kieran J. , Gordon‐Green Cathryn , Atkinson Leslie , Levitan Robert D. , Wazana Ashley , Steiner Meir , Lydon John E. , Clark Roseanne , Fleming Alison S. , Meaney Michael J. ,   the MAVAN Research Team
Published: August 2019

AbstractParental care has a strong impact on neurodevelopment and mental health in the offspring. Although numerous animal studies have revealed that the parental brain is a highly complex system involving many brain structures and neuroendocrine systems, human maternal parenting as a multidimensional construct with cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components has not been characterised comprehensively. This unique multi‐method analysis aimed to examine patterns of self‐reported and observed parenting from 6 to 60 months postpartum in a cohort of 496 mothers (mean maternal age = 32 years). Self‐report questionnaires assessed motivational components of mothering, parenting stress, parenting‐related mood, maternal investment, maternal parenting style, mother‐child relationship satisfaction, and mother‐child bonding at multiple time points. Observed parenting variables included the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scales at 6 and 18 months, the Behavioral Evaluation Strategies Taxonomies at 6 months, an Etch‐A‐Sketch cooperation task at 48 months, and the Parent‐Child Early Relationship Assessment at 60 months. To examine whether different latent constructs underlie these measures of maternal parenting, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis. Self‐report measures of parenting correlated only weakly with behavioural observations. Factor analysis on a subsample (n = 197) revealed four latent factors that each explained from 7% to 11% of the variance in the data (32% total variance explained). Based on the loadings of the instruments, the factors were interpreted as: Supportive Parenting, Self‐Enjoyment Parenting, Overwhelmed Parenting, and Affectionate Parenting. These factor scores showed specific associations with maternal education and depressive symptoms, as well as with child outcomes, including maternally reported internalising and externalising behavioural problems, school readiness, and child‐reported symptoms of mental health. These findings parallel the complexity of the parental brain, suggesting that maternal parenting consists of multiple components, each of which is associated with different maternal characteristics and child outcomes.
Agreement between anatomical M‐mode and tissue Doppler imaging in the assessment of fetal atrioventricular annular plane displacement in uncomplicated pregnancies: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Zanardini Cristina , D'Antonio Francesco , Hvingel Bodil , Vårtun Åse , Prefumo Federico , Flacco Maria E. , Manzoli Lamberto , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the level of agreement between M‐mode and pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW‐TDI) techniques in assessing fetal mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and septal annular plane systolic excursion (SAPSE) in a low‐risk population.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study included healthy fetuses assessed from 18 to 40 weeks of gestation. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, MAPSE and SAPSE were measured using anatomical M‐mode and PW‐TDI. The agreement between the two diagnostic tests was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsFifty fetuses were included in the final analysis. Mean values of TASPE were higher than that of MAPSE. There was a progressive increase of TAPSE, MAPSE and SAPSE values with advancing gestation. For each parameter assessed, there was an overall good agreement between the measurements obtained with M‐mode and PW‐TDI techniques. However, the measurements made with M‐mode were slightly higher than those obtained with PW‐TDI (mean differences: 0.03, 0.05 and 0.03 cm for TAPSE, MAPSE and SAPSE, respectively). When stratifying the analyses by gestational age, the mean values of TAPSE, MAPSE and SAPSE measured with M‐Mode were higher compared to those obtained with PW‐TDI, although the mean differences between the two techniques tended to narrow with increasing gestation. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, MAPSE and SAPSE measurements were all significantly, positively associated with gestational age (all P < 0.001).ConclusionFetal atrioventricular annular plane displacement can be assessed with M‐mode technique, or with PW‐TDI as the velocity‐time integral of the myocardial systolic waveform. Atrioventricular annular plane displacement values obtained with M‐mode technique are slightly higher than those obtained with PW‐TDI.
Nostalgia proneness and empathy: Generality, underlying mechanism, and implications for prosocial behavior
Authors: Juhl Jacob , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Diebel Tara , Cheung Wing‐Yee , Vingerhoets Ad J. J. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveNostalgia is a sentimental longing for one's past. We examined the hypotheses (rooted in attachment theory and research) that nostalgia prone individuals, by virtue of their greater attachment security, are more empathic and enact more prosocial behavior.MethodIn five studies, testing 1,923 participants (Nrange = 132–823, 52.42% women, Agerange = 8–90 years), we measured nostalgia proneness and affective empathy. Additionally, we measured cognitive empathy in Study 3, attachment security in Studies 4–5, and prosocial behavior in Study 5.ResultsNostalgia proneness was positively related to affective empathy among younger and older adults (Studies 1, 3–5) and among children (Study 2). This association was stronger for affective empathy than cognitive empathy (Study 3). Also, attachment security mediated the relation between nostalgia proneness and affective empathy (Studies 4–5). Finally, nostalgia prone individuals were more likely to engage in prosocial behavior, and this relation was serially mediated by attachment security and affective empathy (Study 5).ConclusionThe findings establish the empathic and prosocial character of nostalgia prone individuals, and clarify their personality profile.
Family and neighborhood socioeconomic status and temperament development from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Strickhouser Jason E. , Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveChildren differ in their temperament and these differences predict consequential outcomes, including mental health, peer relations, substance use, academic performance, and adult personality. Additionally, children's temperament develops over time in response to environmental factors, such as the socioeconomic status (SES) of their family and the neighborhood in which they are raised. However, there has been lack on research on the relation between neighborhood SES and the development of temperament or personality.MethodUsing data from two cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 9,217) that followed children from 4 to 15 years old, the present analyses examined whether parent income, parent education, and neighborhood disadvantage were associated with three child temperament traits that are precursors to Five‐Factor Model (FFM) adult personality traits.ResultsLongitudinal hierarchical linear models (HLM) generally found that children with lower neighborhood SES or family SES tended to have lower sociability, higher reactivity, and lower persistence and these associations did not decrease over time.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates that both the neighborhood and the family SES in childhood are important for the development of temperament across childhood and adolescence.
Mitigating the Challenges of Partner Knowledge Diversity While Enhancing Research & Development (R&D) Alliance Performance: The Role of Alliance Governance Mechanisms
Authors: Choi Jeongho 
Published: August 2019

This article explores the answers to the following unresolved research question: How do firms mitigate the collaboration challenges associated with partner knowledge diversity and enhance alliance performance? The study provides an alliance performance enhancing framework by identifying two types of partner knowledge diversity: (1) technology base diversity and (2) R&D process experience diversity, and links them with R&D alliance performance. Additionally, the moderating effects of the two types of alliance governance mechanisms (i.e., interactive and contractual mechanisms) were examined to investigate which alliance governance mechanism is conducive to mitigate the collaboration challenges and enhance alliance performance. Using a data set of 316 alliances in the biopharmaceuticals industry, the study found that a moderate degree (not too low or high) of technology base diversity between alliance partners contributes more to R&D alliance performance. Similarly, there was also an inverted U‐shaped relationship between R&D process experience diversity and alliance performance; too much diversity in R&D process experience may increase the likelihood of partner opportunism, and therefore negatively affect alliance performance. Additionally, the results showed that alliance governance mechanisms played different roles in alliance collaboration; while the contractual alliance mechanisms help reduce relational uncertainty (e.g., opportunism), the interactive mechanisms promoting a more intensive interaction between partners mitigates task difficulty and facilitates complex technology activities. These findings extend the knowledge‐based view (KBV) of strategic alliance and advance research on alliance governance design.
Prevalence and chemical composition of uroliths in fattening pigs in Belgium
Authors: Vrielinck Joris , Sarrazin Steven , Schoos Alexandra , Janssens Geert P. J. , Maes Dominiek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the prevalence of uroliths in fattening pigs and assessed the composition of these urinary tract concrements. In total, 2,432 urinary bladders were sampled in the slaughterhouse and checked for abnormal content. Urinary samples were analysed microscopically, and samples of the urinary bladder wall were tested for histological signs of inflammation. The composition of the concrements was examined by infrared spectrophotometry. Macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were detected in 8.4% and 52.8% of the samples respectively. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), calcium carbonate (calcite), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and amorphous crystals were detected. Analysis of stones showed COD in all samples in different proportions. The calcium content of examined stones was always considerable (up to 34%), in contrast to the magnesium content which represented max 1.9%. Struvite was found in one third of the samples, but was never part of stones and grit. COD crystals were the second most common microscopic crystal. These COD crystals and some COD stones had a rectangular shape, and therefore, they can be harmful to the bladder mucosa. In conclusion, uroliths are present in a large proportion of male fattening pigs, and consequently, urinary concrements pose a life‐threatening risk for urethra obstruction in male pigs. Further research is warranted to identify potential risk factors for urolithiasis and microscopic crystals.
Effects of combined use of keratinolytic enzymes and sugarcane fibre on the hairball excretion in cats
Authors: Miltenburg Tânia Zóia , Peralta Rosane Marina , Oliveira Carlos Antônio Lopes de , Janeiro Vanderly , Pereira Edilenia Queiroz , Nicolau Julia Teodoro de Souza , Ribeiro Leonir Bueno , Vasconcellos Ricardo Souza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrooming is a natural hygienic behaviour of cats that favours the formation of hairballs. Increased fibre concentration in the diets is a strategy to minimize hairball formation, but it is not fully effective. Because cat hair is formed mostly by keratin, the addition of keratinases in the diets might be an alternative for hairball control. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the combined use of sugarcane fibre and a protease complex to reduce the hairball excretion in cats. Twenty‐four adult cats were divided into four treatment groups (n = 6 per treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were as follows: control diet (Control; containing low concentration of insoluble fibre, 5.34% of total dietary fibre), control diet plus enzyme (Co‐e), high‐fibre diet (HF; containing high amounts of insoluble fibre, 17.8% of total dietary fibre), and HF diet plus enzyme (HF‐e). Proteases from Bacillus licheniformis PWD‐1 were administered orally (5 mg/day) as gastro‐resistant capsules. Total collection of faeces was carried out to determine the number of excreted hairballs and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibilities (CTTAD) of the diets. Separate addition of insoluble fibre (HF; p = .5947) or enzyme complex (Co‐e; p = .3633) had no effect on the hairballs excreted in the faeces. However, the combined use of insoluble fibre and enzymes (HF‐e) reduced (p = .0344) the total number of hairballs excreted. The size distribution of hairballs (small, medium, or large) was not affected by treatments (p = .3763). The CTTAD of crude protein was not affected by protease addition (p = .781) but was reduced by HF and HF‐e treatments. Sugarcane fibre associated to keratinolytic enzymes reduces the hairball excretion in cats. This strategy can be adopted for this purpose; however, methods for faecal hairball quantification must be improved.
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