bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotype of a patient with arterial hypertension for therapy with candesartan and its combinations with a diuretic or calcium antagonist
Authors: Sergey S. V. , Bolotova S. L. , Bychkova O. I. , Vlasov D. S. , Ledyaeva A. A. , Salasyuk A. S. , Tsoma V. V. 
Published: November 2024

The article provides a review on the efficacy and safety of the use of candesartan in hypertension through the lens of current clinical guidelines, and considers updated data on the efficacy and metabolic effects of different candesartan-based combinations. A clear phenotype of a patient with hypertension who can be selected for the prescription of candesartan has been built-up, and the principles of differentiated approach to prescribing candesartan-based combinations for the treatment of hypertension have been outlined, taking into account metabolic effects and impact on the end points. It has been shown that candesartan is more effective than irbesartan, valsartan and losartan in lowering blood pressure, can reduce the risk of hypertension in people with normal high blood pressure or in young people with familial risks, and has the largest and most diverse evidence in the treatment of chronic heart failure, and significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications as well as restrains the progression rates of diabetic retinopathy. The patient’s phenotype for the candesartan and amlodipine combination suggests that the presence of one or more of the following conditions: metabolic syndrome (particularly with impaired glucose tolerance and hypertriglyceridemia), the need for targeted angioprotection, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia tendency, or the necessity to replace other angiotensin II receptor blockers with candesartan-based combinations. The candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination is preferable for HOPE-3-like patients, patients with a history of strokes or transient ischemic attacks, as well as recurrent strokes, the presence of hypervolemia (obesity, perimenopause), the need for treatment or prevention of chronic heart failure, replacement of other angiotensin II receptor blockers with candesartan-based combinations. The prescription of the candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination using the 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in a patient requires to exclude the 24-hour night-picker or non-dipper profile and the morning blood pressure surge, as the effect of hydrochlorothiazide does not exceed 12 hours. Both combinations have also been shown to improve cognitive function.
Long-term effects of metformin on fat depots and insulin-glucose parameters in patients with prediabetes and chronic heart failure
Authors: Tsygankova O. V. , Apartseva N. E. , Latyntseva L. D. , Ryabikov A. N. , Kashtanova E. V. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome with a variety of pathophysiological factors, including obesity and impaired carbohydrate metabolism associated with an increase in visceral adipose tissue. Due to the positive effect of metformin on weight loss, in recent years special attention has been paid to its effect on fat depots.Aim. To study the effects of metformin XR after 12 months of administration on various fat depots and glucose metabolism parameters in patients with CHpEF, prediabetes and abdominal obesity (AO).Materials and methods. A single-center open-label randomized prospective controlled trial included 64 people (50% men, median age 58 [55.25; 59.75] years) with CHpEF, prediabetes and AO. All patients (groups A and B) received optimal CHpEF therapy. In group A (n = 32), metformin XR 1000–1500 mg/day was additionally prescribed. All patients underwent general clinical examination, calculation of insulin resistance indices, ultrasound lipometry with determination of the size of epicardial, preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat, in addition, the thickness of epicardial fat was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart.Results. In group A, after 12 months of the study, fasting plasma glucose levels decreased from baseline by 7.7% (p < 0.0001), glycated hemoglobin by 3.3% (p = 0.008), fasting insulin by 20% (p = 0.004) and HOMA-IR and FIRI indices by 25.3% (p = 0.001). In the control group, on the contrary, the values of glycated hemoglobin increased by 3.4% (p = 0.021), fasting insulin by 45% (p = 0.031), HOMA-IR and FIRI by 52.4% (p = 0.020). In group A, the thickness of epicardial fat decreased by 6.1% (p = 0.020) according to ultrasound and MRI lipometry by 16.7% (p = 0.029), preperitoneal fat by 3.0% (p = 0.009), subcutaneous fat by 11.2% (p = 0.001).Conclusion. Metformin XR therapy for 12 months in patients with prediabetes, CHpEF and AO against the background of optimal basic CHpEF therapy had a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism (decrease in fasting plasma glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance indices HOMA-IR, FIRI) and on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots: epicardial and preperitoneal.
Differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation in a middle-aged patient
Authors: Chernikov A. O. , Chernyshova V. A. , Konstantinova E. V. , Velikotsky A. A. , Ploshchenkov E. V. 
Published: November 2024

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is an initial diagnosis, which is transformed into the diagnosis of “myocardial infarction”, “unstable angina” or other diagnosis during the diagnostic process. If a patient meets the criteria for myocardial infarction (according to the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction), in the presence of atherothrombosis in the infarct-related coronary artery, Type 1 myocardial infarction is diagnosed. In most of the remaining cases Type 2 myocardial infarction is diagnosed. Acute myocardial injury due to various conditions is separately classified. In the presented case, a 54-year-old patient with a history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, not adherent to treatment and suffering from obesity, a smoker, was hospitalized with typical new-onset angina pectoris and ischemic changes on the ECG, by ambulance, with the initial diagnosis of “ACS without ST-segment elevation”. The diagnosis changed several times during the examination: “ACS without ST-segment elevation”, “CAD: myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation”, “Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)”, “Severe calcified aortic stenosis. Anemia. Type 2 myocardial infarction”. The peculiarity of this case is the debut of high-gradient aortic stenosis in a middle-aged man with clinical manifestations of ACS and high blood troponin level. Causes of severe aortic stenosis manifestation as myocardial infarction with elevation of cardiac-specific troponin in the blood, despite intact coronary vessels, are discussed in this article. The differential diagnosis of myocardial injury is discussed, as the correct diagnostic judgment directly determines the patient’s management strategy.
The short- and long-term results of therapy of surgical diabetic foot patients
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Zelenina T. A. , Akhmedova K. S. , Mereschenko D. A. , Ismailov D. D. , Lipin A. N. , Borisov A. G. , Khokhlova I. M. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The arterial limb threating is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic foot patients. The breakthrough in the treatment of this group of patients was the widespread introduction of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TLBA) of the arteries of the lower extremities.Aim. To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of the patients with diabetic neuro ischemic foot syndrome according the data of Government Center of Limb Salvation in 2022–2023 years.Materials and methods. The study presents a retrospective analysis of medical documentations and the results of a survey one year after discharge from the hospital of 180 patients.Results. The arterial limb threating is observed in equal frequency in both men with diabetes and women at a relatively young age (66.0 ± 12.8 years). The glycemic control in most patients is above the target values. Various groups of sugar-lowering drugs are widely used. More than a third of patients with CKD suffer from CKD with GFR less than 60 ml/min, however inSGLT-2 are used in slightly more than 15% of cases. The damages of the lower extremities arteries below the knee are observed in the most of cases. Every third patient has the occlusion/hemodynamically significant stenosis of the femoral and tibia arteries. The method of choosing revascularization is TLBA the lower extremities arteries without stenting, hybrid operations are performed in up to 10% of cases in the hospital. During the first year of follow up the 21.2% of the patients have recurrences of the ischemic tissue lesions of the feet including revascularization. The recurrences of the ischemic tissue lesions of the feet after surgical approach are revealed in 9% cases only. There are TLBA in all other cases. The mortality rate is 9.6 cases per 100 patients per year.Conclusion. The patients after revascularization for the neuro-ischemic diabetic foot tissue loss and limb salvage remain at high risk of both mortality and recurrence of arterial limb threating in the early and delayed follow up.
Acquired long QT interval syndrome as a predictor of sudden cardiac death: Causes, diagnostic criteria, and management strategy
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Kolomytsev V. V. , Goryunova L. V. 
Published: November 2024

Despite medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Sudden cardiac death, an extreme and irreversible outcome of cardiac arrest, is observed in 50% of cases and is often the first suddenly detected pathology. Long QT syndrome is a variant of electrical heart disease resulting from both congenital and acquired dysfunction and/or regulation of cardiomyocyte ion channels, accompanied by impaired depolarization and repolarization of the ventricular myocardium and characterized by QT prolongation and T abnormalities on the electrocardiogram, clinically accompanied by syncope, bidirectional spindle ventricular tachycardia of the “pirouette” type (torsade de pointes), associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death or sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Effective management of these patients requires an individualized approach: careful examination, calculation of corrected QT, determination of typology (hereditary or acquired syndrome), risk assessment using the Tisdale scale, and selection of optimal therapy. Treatment should be comprehensive and include pharmacological (beta-adrenergic blockers, correction of electrolyte balance) and surgical (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and left-sided thoracic sympathetic denervation of the heart), lifestyle (avoidance of drugs that contribute to prolongation of the QT interval, avoidance of specific arrhythmia triggers (active swimming, exposure to loud noises)) and regular consultation with a cardiologist. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach are key to successful prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with Long QT syndrome.
Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of semaglutide in human serum in clinical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Karnakova P. K. , Vetrova Е. S. , Karpova P. A. , Knyazeva A. E. , Archakova O. A. , Bagaeva N. S. , Arefeva A. N. , Banko V. V. , Makarenko I. E. , Komarov T. N. , Shohin I. E. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Semaglutide preparations are an important therapeutic option for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity due to their high efficacy and the expected increase in the prevalence of these diseases. Consequently, there is a growing need for the development of domestic analogs of semaglutide requiring bioequivalence studies. This study proposes the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) as an alternative to the widely used immunoassay for the quantitative determination of semaglutide in human serum.Aim. To develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of semaglutide in human serum using HPLC-MS/MS.Materials and methods. Serum sample preparation was based on protein precipitation using an acetonitrile-methanol mixture. Liraglutide was selected as the internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of 0.3% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The stationary phase was represented by a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 chromatographic column 100×3.0 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å. Ionization of semaglutide and liraglutide was performed in positive electrospray mode. Detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM).Results. The method demonstrated high accuracy and precision, with relative error and relative standard deviation values of less than 15% across all quality control levels. The confirmed analytical ranges of the method were 0.50–200.00 ng/mL and 1.00–800.00 ng/mL. Over 3.400 volunteer samples were analyzed as part of the studies. Compared to the ELISA method, the proposed method provides higher selectivity and reproducibility of measurements.Conclusions. The method has been developed that provides reproducible quantitative determination of semaglutide in human blood serum. The method was validated in accordance with EAEU requirements and was successfully applied in bioequivalence studies of semaglutide GP40331 (GEROPHARM LLC, Russia). The method is suitable for conducting pharmacokinetic studies of other semaglutide preparations.
The effectiveness of a synthetic analogue purine nucleoside bases in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Kornova N. V. , Karpov I. A. , Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov A. M. , Popadyuk V. I. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The aggravation of the comorbid background of patients with ARVI is the main reason for the addition of secondary pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacterial flora and, as a result, the development of local and general complications.Аim. To conduct a clinical assessment of the efficacy and safety of the drug Triazavirin based on riamilovir in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections.Materials and methods. The study conducted on the basis of the medical center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health involved 56 patients with acute recurrent viral infection. Regarding the prescribed therapy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 27) from day 2, triazavirin was taken as an antiviral drug (riamilo- vir) 250 mg (1 capsule) 3 times a day for 5 days; group 2 (n = 29) – as an antiviral drug, Kagocel took 2 tablets 3 times a day for 2 days, then 1 tablet 3 times a day for 5 days. The effect of the therapy was assessed by the severity of intoxication syndrome, rhinorrhea, difficulty in nasal breathing, decreased olfactory function, pain syndrome localized in the nasopharynx and throat, cough severity and laboratory results.Results. In patients with 7 days of therapy, the indicator of psychological health increased by 34.7 points in the first group, by 28.8 points in the second group. Vital activity increased by 33.7 points in patients of group 1 and by 23.8 points in the second group. Physical activity tended to increase by 19.5 points and 6.0 points in the first and second groups, respectively.Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the severity of clinical symptoms affecting the quality of life of patients confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the drug Triazavirin.
Evaluation of satellite rainfall products to estimate extreme flow events over the Kulfo watershed in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Elias Gebeyehu , Buba Zinash Matewos , Garo Otoma Orkaido 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Satellite rainfall products with high spatial and temporal resolution offer opportunities to monitor extreme climate events intensities and trends on spatial different scales. A critical evaluation of the satellite precipitation data set is very important for both the end users and data developers. Meanwhile, the evaluation may provide a benchmark for the product’s continued development and future improvement. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of globally gridded high–resolution satellite rainfall products (TRMM, CMORPH and CHRIPS) under sparse ground-based data and complex topography of Kulfo watershed through semi-distributed hydrological model (SWAT). The model is calibrated for the period of 1991–2008 and validated for the period of 2009–2015. Comparisons of the simulations to the observed stream flow at the outlet of Kulfo Watershed form the basis for the conclusions of this study. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and Coefficient of Determination were used to benchmark the model performance. The result indicated that all models underestimate the observed rainfall. Accuracy of models is not the same in representing the rainfall of the study area with TRMM performing best (Bias=–5.78) while CMORPH performs worst (Bias=–9.87). Overall, the satellite rainfall products tend to overestimate inter-annual rainfall variability.
LNX1-AS2 as a Key Prognostic and Immunotherapy Response Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Yan Guanzhong , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Dongbing , Li Guangyi 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The role of LNX1 antisense RNA 2 (LNX1-AS2) in lung adenocarcinoma
(LUAD) remains unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between LNX1-AS2 and LUAD
by employing bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Methods:
Statistical analysis and database interrogation were utilized to assess correlations
among LNX1-AS2 expression, clinical characteristics of LUAD patients, prognostic
factors, regulatory networks, and immune infiltration. LNX1-AS2 expression in LUAD
cell lines was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
(qRT-PCR).

Results:
The study found significantly elevated levels of LNX1-AS2 expression in patients
with LUAD. Furthermore, elevated LNX1-AS2 expression in LUAD patients did
not significantly correlate with gender (p = 0.041) or race (p = 0.049). Importantly, high
LNX1-AS2 expression levels were associated with poorer overall survival (OS, p =
0.042) and disease-specific survival (DSS, p = 0.040) in LUAD patients. Additionally,
high LNX1-AS2 expression (p = 0.015) was independently correlated with OS in LUAD
patients. The phenotype characterized by high LNX1-AS2 expression was also
found to be enriched for asthma, allograft rejection, drug metabolism cytochrome P450,
metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, olfactory transduction, renin-angiotensin
system, retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and porphyrin
and chlorophyll metabolism. A significant correlation was identified between the
expression levels of LNX1-AS2 and immune infiltration in the context of LUAD. Elevated
expression of LNX1-AS2 was notably detected in LUAD cell lines as opposed to
Beas-2B.

Conclusion:
A noteworthy relationship was established among increased LNX1-AS2 expression
in LUAD patients, unfavorable prognosis, and heightened immune infiltration.
These findings suggest that the LNX1-AS2 gene could serve as a valuable prognostic indicator
for LUAD and a potential predictor of response to immunotherapy.
Protocol for evaluation of sustained virological response as a surrogate outcome for mortality, decompensated cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (Preprint)
Authors: Gurusamy Kurinchi Selvan , Gluud Christian 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Sustained virological response (SVR) is commonly used as an indicator of treatment success in people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, there is uncertainty on whether SVR is a validated surrogate marker of successful treatment of chronic HCV infection.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether SVR is a good surrogate for all-cause mortality, decompensated cirrhosis, or any specific aspect of liver decompensation (jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, or variceal haemorrhage), or hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic HCV infection eligible to receive direct-acting antiviral drugs.

METHODS

Data source
Two ongoing systematic reviews on the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral drugs in chronic HCV infection.
Analysis
1.	Estimate the regression coefficients or between-studies correlation between SVR and the event by three different Bayesian approaches with OpenBUGS, as outlined in the guidance by the Evidence Synthesis Unit (Technical support document 20).
2.	Estimate the average proportion of the effect mediated through SVR by causal mediation analysis using R.

RESULTS

Not applicable

CONCLUSIONS

We will use the German Institute of Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) criterion for surrogacy for cancer and at least 50% of the treatment effect mediated through SVR but will report the information in a way that allows people to interpret the information using their own criteria.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Results of endoprosthesis of the elbow joint in patients with tumors of forming it bones
Authors: Protsenko V.V. , Kukharuk A.S. , Solonitsyn Ye.О. 
Published: November 2024

Background. The use of both individual and modular oncological endoprostheses of the elbow joint is possible with primary and secondary (metastatic) tumor lesions of the bones forming it. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of restoring the function of the elbow joint and the upper limb and improving the quality of life of the patient after endoprosthesis of the elbow joint due to tumors of the bones forming it. ­Material and methods. The results of the treatment of 14 patients who underwent endoprosthesis of the elbow joint due to tumors of the bones forming it were evaluated. Endoprosthesis was performed in 9 (64.3 %) subjects with primary bone tumors and in 5 (35.7 %) patients with metastatic tumors. Reconstruction of the elbow joint was performed with individual oncological endoprostheses in 10 (71.4 %) subjects and modular oncological endoprostheses in 4 (28.6 %) ones. Reconstruction was primary in 12 (85.7 %) patients and secondary in 2 (14.3 %) ones. Results. Du­ring follow-up, 4 (28.6 %) patients died from the progression of the main disease with an ave­rage follow-up period of 24.8 ± 11.9 months, the other 10 (71.4 %) were alive, with an average follow-up period of 80.8 ± 10.3 months. In the early postoperative period, the following complications were observed: neuropathy of the ulnar nerve in 1 (7.1 %) patient. In the late postoperative period, 1 (7.1 %) patient had an infectious complication after 14 months. 1 (7.1 %) subject developed aseptic loose­ning of the humeral leg of the endoprosthesis 12 months after endoprosthesis. In 1 (7.1 %) subjects with a metastatic tumor, local recurrence of the tumor was observed 9 months after surgery. Mean MEPS and MSTS functional scores were 80 and 72 %, respectively. The patients’ quality of life (according to the EORTQ-QLQ-С30 questionnaire) increased from 40 points in the preoperative period to 84 points after elbow joint replacement. Conclusions. Endoprosthesis of the elbow joint in the schemes of complex and combined treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the bones forming it helps to improve the quality of life of this contingent of patients.