bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Analysis on the Ocular Region Morphology of Children and Young Adults in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Cai Xianxian , Chen Ying , Li Qian , Ma Huan , Tang Zhixin , Nie Cong , Lu Rong 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
The periocular features vary in different age groups and ethnic populations. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether age-related differences exist for certain periocular parameters between children and young adults of Chinese Han population.

Methods:
OU of 310 children (aged 7–10 years) and 301 young adults (aged 20–30 years) were evaluated by 2-dimensional photogrammetry. All the subjects were of Chinese Han population. The eyelid crease profiles were classified according to their morphology. Periocular measurements, including 11 linear and 3 angular parameters were acquired from standardized photographs, 3 indices were further derived. The presence of epicanthal fold was also recorded. Each of the parameters was compared between the age groups.

Results:
A statistical difference was found between the 2 age groups for the distribution of eyelid crease types. Statistical significances existed between the age groups for various parameters, these include palpebral fissure height and width, margin reflex distance, intercanthal and outercanthal width, distance from the medial end of the eyebrow to the medial canthus, distance from the lateral end of the brow to the lateral canthus, crease height and eyebrow height, angle of endocanthion and exocanthion, palpebral fissure inclination, palpebrae fissure index, canthal index, and angular index (p < 0.05). The incidence of epicanthal fold tended to decrease with increase of age.

Conclusions:
Age differences exist in periocular features between children and young adults of Chinese Han population. Standards of periocular measurements based on age and race could provide reliable guidelines for clinical examination and planning periocular surgery.
Effect of Vancomycin Versus Linezolid on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Influenza and Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Stoneman Carly E. , Winters Shauna D. , LaBeff Lauren L. , Heidel Robert E. , Hamilton Leslie A. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction
Patients with influenza who then present with bacterial pneumonia often present with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. There is a paucity of literature about how antibiotic choice affects length of stay in these patients. The objective of this study was to assess if vancomycin or linezolid affects hospital length of stay in patients with bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted at the University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville, Tenn. Inclusion criteria were adults 18 years or older who were admitted to the hospital with suspected postinfluenza pneumonia. In addition, these patients either received 24 hours of oseltamivir or had a positive influenza screen and received at least 24 hours of vancomycin or linezolid for empiric coverage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonia.

Results
A total of 186 patients were included in the study. There was no difference in overall length of stay between the linezolid and vancomycin groups (P = 0.937). Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and in-hospital mortality. The group treated with vancomycin had increased in-hospital mortality (P = 0.043) and longer ICU length of stay (P = 0.048).

Discussion
Although there was no difference in hospital length of stay between the 2 treatment groups, the vancomycin group had a longer ICU length of stay and increased mortality when compared with the linezolid group.
Recrudescence of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in a Patient With Progressive Sarcoidosis
Authors: Allencherril Joseph , Hammond Allexa , Birnbaum Gilad , Gold Benjamin , Allencherril Ronan , Salciccioli Katherine , El Sahly Hana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although endemic malaria has largely been eradicated in the United States, cases still occur, often as a result of travel-related exposure. Although nearly all cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria occur within 3 months of exposure, in rare instances, symptoms manifest years after the sentinel infection because of compromise of immunity and parasite recrudescence. We describe a case of a 49-year-old woman with a history of childhood malaria and no recent travel history who presented with P. falciparum malaria in the setting of progressing pulmonary sarcoidosis. This case report highlights the role of advancing immune compromise status in malarial recrudescence. We also consider other potential avenues to explain how a patient might develop P. falciparum malaria in a nonendemic region in the absence of recent travel.
Divergent influences of the locus coeruleus on migraine pathophysiology
Authors: Vila-Pueyo Marta , Strother Lauren C , Kefel Malak , Goadsby Peter J. , Holland Philip R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Migraine is a common disabling neurological condition that is associated with several premonitory symptoms that can occur days before the headache onset. The most commonly reported premonitory symptom is marked fatigue that has been shown to be highly predictive of an ensuing migraine attack. The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key nucleus involved in arousal that has also been shown to impact pain processing. It provides one of the major sources of noradrenaline to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and neocortex. Given the clinical association between migraine, sleep–wake regulation, and fatigue, we sought to determine whether LC modulation could impact migraine-related phenotypes in several validated preclinical models of migraine. To determine its role in migraine-related pain, we recorded dural nociceptive-evoked responses of neurons in the trigeminocervical complex, which receives trigeminal primary afferents from the durovascular complex. In addition, we explored the susceptibility to cortical spreading depression initiation, the presumed underlying phenomenon of migraine aura. Our experiments reveal a potent role for LC disruption in the differential modulation of migraine-related phenotypes, inhibiting dural-evoked activation of wide dynamic neurons in the trigeminocervical complex while increasing cortical spreading depression susceptibility. This highlights the potential divergent impact of LC disruption in migraine physiology, which may help explain the complex interactions between dysfunctional arousal mechanisms and migraine.
What is the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of chronic widespread pain? A Mendelian randomisation study using UK Biobank
Authors: Beasley Marcus , Freidin Maxim B. , Basu Neil , Williams Frances M.K. , Macfarlane Gary J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption is strongly associated with reduced reporting of chronic widespread pain (CWP). The study designs used, however, are prone to confounding and are not able to establish the direction of causality. The current study overcomes these problems using the Mendelian randomisation design to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on the likelihood of reporting CWP. The UK Biobank recruited 500,000 participants aged between 40 and 69 years. Data collected included questions on chronic pain and alcohol consumption, and biological samples providing genotypic information. Alcohol consumption was categorised as “weekly consumption” or “nonfrequent or infrequent.” Participants were classified by genotype according to alleles of the rs1229984 single-nucleotide polymorphism, either “GG” or “AA/AG.” Chronic widespread pain was defined as pain all over the body for more than 3 months that interfered with activities. Associations between genotype, CWP, and alcohol consumption were tested by logistic regression. Instrumental variable analysis was used to calculate the causal effect of weekly alcohol consumption on CWP. Persons with “GG” genotype had an increased risk of CWP (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 99% confidence interval 1.01-1.35) and were more likely to consume alcohol weekly (OR 1.76, 1.70-1.81) compared to those with “AA/AG” genotype. Weekly consumption of alcohol was associated with reduced risk of CWP (OR 0.33, 0.31-0.35), but instrumental variable analysis did not show a causal effect of alcohol consumption on reducing CWP (OR 1.29, 0.96-1.74). An interpretation of observational population studies as showing a protective effect of alcohol on CWP is not supported.
CACNG2 polymorphisms associate with chronic pain after mastectomy
Authors: Bortsov Andrey V. , Devor Marshall , Kaunisto Mari A. , Kalso Eija , Brufsky Adam , Kehlet Henrik , Aasvang Eske , Bittner Reinhard , Diatchenko Luda , Belfer Inna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chronic postmastectomy pain (PMP) imposes a major burden on the quality of life of the ever-increasing number of long-term survivors of breast cancer. An earlier report by Nissenbaum et al. claimed that particular polymorphisms in the gene CACNG2 are associated with the risk of developing chronic PMP after breast surgery (Nissenbaum J, Devor M, Seltzer Z, Gebauer M, Michaelis M, Tal M, Dorfman R, Abitbul-Yarkoni M, Lu Y, Elahipanah T, delCanho S, Minert A, Fried K, Persson AK, Shpigler H, Shabo E, Yakir B, Pisante A, Darvasi A. Susceptibility to chronic pain following nerve injury is genetically affected by CACNG2. Genome Res 2010;20:1180–90). This information is important because in principle, it can inform the surgical, radiological, and chemotherapeutic decision-making process in ways that could mitigate the increased risk of chronic pain. In this study, we revisited this claim by independently evaluating the proposed marker haplotype using 2 different patient cohorts recruited in different research settings. Meta-analysis of these new postmastectomy cohorts and the original cohort confirmed significant association of the CACNG2 haplotype with PMP. In addition, we tested whether the same markers would predict chronic postsurgical pain in men who underwent surgery for inguinal hernia repair, and whether there is significant genetic association with cutaneous thermal sensitivity in postmastectomy and postherniotomy patients. We found that the biomarker is selective because it did not predict pain after laparoscopic hernia repair and was not associated with pain sensitivity to experimentally applied noxious thermal stimuli. We conclude that the A-C-C haplotype at the 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4820242, rs2284015, and rs2284017) in the CACNG2 gene is associated with increased risk of developing PMP. This information may advance current knowledge on pathophysiology of PMP and serve as a step forward in the prediction of clinical outcomes and personalized pain management.
Evaluation of Allergic Diseases, Symptom Control, and Relation to Infections in a Group of Italian Elite Mountain Bikers
Authors: Perrotta Fabio , Simeon Vittorio , Bonini Matteo , Ferritto Luigi , Arenare Laura , Nigro Ersilia , Nicolai Ambra , Daniele Aurora , Calabrese Cecilia 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
This study estimates the prevalence of allergic diseases in a group of Italian elite mountain bikers, compares the prevalence of infectious episodes between allergic and nonallergic athletes, and evaluates asthma and rhinitis symptom control in allergic athletes.

Design:
Two hundred twenty-six Italian nonsmoking mountain bikers received by mail the Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA) and completed it. The RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAPP) questionnaire was sent to the 108 participants with a positive AQUA score and 104 returned the questionnaire.

Methods:
Athletes with an AQUA score ≥5 or <5 were defined AQUA+ (allergic) or AQUA− (nonallergic), respectively. RhinAsthma Patient Perspective questionnaire total score ≥15 was indicative of a poor control of symptoms.

Results:
Of the 226 athletes, 47.8% were AQUA+, whereas 52.2% were AQUA−. A higher number of AQUA+ athletes reported frequent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and herpes labialis than AQUA− athletes (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of URTI was greater in the subgroup of AQUA+ athletes who trained ≥3 hours per session. According to RAPP questionnaire score, 21.1% of AQUA+ mountain bikers had a poor control of asthma and rhinitis symptoms.

Conclusions:
Our study shows a high prevalence of allergy among Italian elite mountain bikers whose asthma and rhinitis symptoms are poorly controlled in about a fifth of the sample. Allergic athletes, mainly those training more than 3 hours per session, are at higher risk of URTI and herpes labialis. Screening programs to detect allergic diseases and to evaluate symptom control in athletes should be strongly encouraged.
Cold-Water Immersion Has No Effect on Muscle Stiffness After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Pinto João , Rocha Pedro , Torres Rui 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To analyze the effect of cryotherapy on muscle stiffness after exercise-induced muscle damage.

Design:
A leg-to-leg comparison model.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Participants:
Thirty (30) untrained men (21.1 ± 1.6 years, 177.6 ± 6.4 cm, 75.9 ± 10.0 kg, and 15.9 ± 2.9% fat mass) with no history of lower-limb injury and no experience in resistance training.

Intervention:
All participants underwent a plyometric exercise program to induce muscle damage; however, randomly, one leg was assigned to a treatment condition and subjected twice to cold-water immersion of the lower limb at 10°C (±1°C) for 10 minutes, while the other leg was assigned to control.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Longitudinal stiffness and passive transverse stiffness were evaluated on the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles at 4 moments: pre-exercise, immediately after exercise, 24 hours, and 72 hours after the damage protocol. Furthermore, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were also assessed in the same periods.

Results:
No significant differences between control and cryotherapy were observed in regard to MVIC (P = 0.529), passive longitudinal stiffness (P = 0.315), and passive transverse stiffness (P = 0.218). Only a significant decrease was observed in PPT on the soleus muscle in the cryotherapy compared with the control leg immediately after exercise (P = 0.040).

Conclusions:
The results show that cryotherapy had no influence on muscle stiffness. However, cryotherapy had a positive effect on PPT immediately after exercise.
Physical Activity and Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
Authors: Lin Zhan-Zhou , Xu Yong-Cheng , Liu Cai-Xia , Lu Xue-Lan , Wen Fan-Yuan 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer. Physical activity (PA) was found to be associated with lower risks of several types of cancer. However, the association between PA and the risk of liver cancer is still inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aiming to summarize the association between PA and liver cancer risk.

Methods:
Literatures related were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedical literature database from 1965 to 2017 without language limitation. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect model.

Results:
A total of 5 cohort studies involving 2 513 975 subjects were identified. The pooled relative risk of leisure-time PA with liver cancer risk was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1.01]. There is no significant association between leisure-time PA and liver cancer risk. However, leisure-time PA significantly reduced liver cancer risk in never smokers. The pooled hazard ratio of daily total PA with liver cancer risk was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66-0.86).

Conclusions:
Daily total PA significantly reduces liver cancer risk, whereas leisure-time PA significantly reduces liver cancer risk only in never smokers.
King-Devick Test Time Varies by Testing Modality
Authors: Clugston James R. , Chrisman Sara P. D. , Houck Zachary M. , Asken Breton M. , Boone Jonathan K. , Buckley Thomas A. , Hoffman Nicole L. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Kontos Anthony P. , Jaffee Michael S. , Harmon Kimberly G. , Broglio Steven P. , McCrea Michael A. , McAllister Thomas W. , Ortega Justus D. 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To explore differences in baseline King-Devick Test (KD) completion time between 2 testing modalities: (1) spiral-bound paper cards (cards) and (2) iPad application (iPad).

Design:
Cross-sectional cohort analysis.

Setting:
National Collegiate Athlete Association (NCAA) institutions.

Participants:
Student athletes from 13 women's and 11 men's collegiate sports who completed KD baseline testing as part of their first year in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium from 2014 to 2016 (n = 2003, 52.2% male).

Independent Variables:
King-Devick Test modalities; cards or iPad.

Main Outcome Measure:
Baseline KD completion time (seconds).

Results:
Mean baseline KD completion time of the iPad modality group [42.8 seconds, 95% confidence interval (CI), 42.1-43.3] was 2.8 seconds (95% CI, 2.1-3.4) greater than the cards group (40.0 seconds, 95% CI, 39.7-40.3) (t(1, 1010.7) = −8.0, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.41).

Conclusions:
Baseline KD performance is slower when tested on an iPad than when tested on spiral-bound paper cards. The 2 KD modalities should not be used interchangeably in concussion assessments because differences in the modalities can lead to time differences similar in magnitude to those used to indicate concussion. From a research perspective, modality may influence interpretation and/or synthesis of findings across studies.
2017 Marathon of Rome: Anthropometry and Sport Profile in 350 Runners and Association With Achilles and Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Berton Alessandra , Stelitano Giovanna , Madaudo Cristina , Perna Massiliano , Ciuffreda Mauro , Guarnieri Andrea , Papalia Rocco , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are common in runners. Despite the relevance of the problem, causative factors remain poorly understood. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between Achilles and patellar tendinopathy and age, sex, weight, height, number of marathons, and impact profile in runners who participated in the 2017 Marathon of Rome.

Methods:
At the 2017 Marathon of Rome, 350 athletes (256 men and 94 women; mean age: 44.8 years, range 12-80 years) filled in the VISA-A and VISA-P questionnaires. A fully trained orthopedic surgeon made a diagnosis of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy according to clinical criteria.

Results:
Ninety-five participants were diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy and 96 with patellar tendinopathy. There was evidence of a statistically significant positive association between age and Achilles and patellar tendinopathy, with no effect of sex, weight, and height on the presence of Achilles tendinopathy. There was no evidence of a statistically significant positive association between the number of marathons and impact profile and VISA-A score. There was a statistically significant association between VISA-P score and impact profile. Finally, there was evidence of a statistically significant positive association between VISA-A score and VISA-P score (P = 0.007).

Conclusions:
In marathon runners, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between sex, weight, height, number of marathons, and Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. However, age was associated with Achilles and patellar tendinopathy, and impact profile was associated with patellar tendinopathy.
Onclarity Human Papillomavirus Extended Genotyping in the Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2+ Lesions
Authors: Bottari Fabio , Iacobone Anna Daniela , Boveri Sara , Preti Eleonora Petra , Franchi Dorella , Mariani Luciano , Preti Mario , Landoni Fabio , Passerini Rita , Sandri Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2018

Objective
Many methods are available today for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing; they differ for technology, targets, and information on the genotypes detected. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Onclarity HPV assay in detection and follow-up of cervical preneoplastic lesions.

Materials and Methods
One hundred sixty-seven women referred to the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, for treatment of cervical lesions were enrolled. We investigated the utility of Onclarity extended genotyping HPV test in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ preneoplastic lesion.

Results
At baseline, the concordance was 92% (150/163) between Onclarity and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and 93% (142/152) between Onclarity and linear array, respectively. At follow-up, the concordance between Onclarity and HC2 was 80%. Seven women relapsed: 6 had persistence of the same genotypes and 1 patient tested negative not only with Onclarity but also with HC2 for the presence of a low-risk genotype in the sample.

Conclusions
This study showed that the evaluation of the HPV genotype persistence may represent a valid option to monitor patients treated for CIN 2+ lesions, because relapses were detected only in patients with persistence of the same genotype detected at baseline.
Mapping and Sustaining Leadership Development
Authors: Patrician Patricia A. , Prapanjaroensin Aoyjai , Dawson Martha , White-Williams Connie , Miltner Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND
To improve leadership competency, academic and clinical partners planned and implemented a 2-day facilitated workshop that actively engaged nurse leaders in preparing for their current and future careers by focusing on “The Leader Within.” We anticipated that an emphasis on this particular dimension of leadership, that is, knowing oneself, would lead to improvements in the science and the art of leadership among nurse managers (NMs) and assistant NMs (ANMs).

METHODS
Using the Nurse Manager Skills Inventory (NMSI), we conducted precompetency and 8-month postcompetency surveys and interviews. Although 41 nurses completed the pretest, only 17 completed the posttest.

RESULTS
The sample of 50% NMs and 50% ANMs had an average age of 38.4 (SD, 8.2) years’ and 8.2 (SD, 6.3) years’ experience. Self-rated leadership competency scores were improved at the 8-month posttest period on all NMSI sections: the Science, the Art, and the Leader Within.

CONCLUSIONS
Actively cultivating “The Leader Within” facilitates reflective practice that may lead to more deliberate leadership competency attainment and career planning.
Increased Discrimination of Treponema pallidum Strains by Subtyping With a 4-Component System Incorporating a Mononucleotide Tandem Repeat in rpsA
Authors: Pillay Allan , Lee Min-Kuang , Slezak Tom , Katz Samantha S. , Sun Yongcheng , Chi Kai-Hua , Morshed Muhammad , Philip Susan , Ballard Ronald C. , Chen Cheng Y. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A guanine mononucleotide repeat in the rpsA (tp0279) gene was evaluated for improved strain discrimination using 72 Treponema pallidum–positive specimens. The tandem repeat combined with the enhanced Centers for Disease Control and Prevention typing system resulted in increased discrimination and should be useful for molecular epidemiologic studies on syphilis especially in outbreaks and among men who have sex with men.