bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational tool for foundation of electricity using conductive pen and carbon ink brush pen
Authors: Sakai Daisuke , Kida Sayaka , Harada Kenji , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe propose an educational tool for foundation of electricity using conductive pens. Electrical leads for an experiment were drawn on the inkjet printing paper using silver ink marker. Electrical resistances were drawn by two kinds of pens; one was the same silver ink marker and the other was a carbon ink brush pen. A combined resistance was measured and compared with the calculated value. The relative error was less than ±1% in both series and parallel connection with the resistances drawn by the carbon ink brush. Therefore, this is useful to experience and learn the foundation of electricity.
Treatment of infantile spasms
Authors: Hussain Shaun A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe treatment of infantile spasms is challenging, especially in the context of the following: (1) a severe phenotype with high morbidity and mortality; (2) the urgency of diagnosis and successful early response to therapy; and (3) the paucity of effective, safe, and well‐tolerated therapies. Even after initially successful treatment, relapse risk is substantial and the most effective therapies pose considerable risk with long‐term administration. In evaluating any treatment for infantile spasms, the key short‐term outcome measure is freedom from both epileptic spasms and hypsarrhythmia. In contrast, the most important long‐term outcomes are enduring seizure‐freedom and measures of intellectual performance in later childhood and adulthood. First‐line treatment options—namely hormonal therapy and vigabatrin—display moderate to high efficacy but also exhibit substantial side‐effect burdens. Data on efficacy and safety of each class of therapy, as well as the combination of these therapies, are reviewed in detail. Specific hormonal therapies (adrenocorticotropic hormone and various corticosteroids) are contrasted. Those etiologies that prompt specific therapies are reviewed briefly, as are an array of second‐line therapies supported by less‐compelling data. The ketogenic diet is discussed in greater detail, with a focus on the limitations of numerous available studies that generally suggest that it is efficacious. Special discussion is allocated to cannabidiol—the investigational therapy that has received the most attention, and which is already in use in the form of various artisanal cannabis extracts. Finally, a treatment algorithm reflecting the concepts and controversies discussed in this review is presented.
Viewing global strategy through a microfoundations lens
Authors: Contractor Farok , Foss Nicolai J. , Kundu Sumit , Lahiri Somnath 
Published: October 2018

Research Summary: The emerging microfoundations literature asserts that macro concepts and macro‐outcomes, such as firm‐level capabilities, performance and strategies, need to be understood in terms of the underlying actions, interactions and characteristics of micro‐level entities, such as individual actors and managers. This literature has specific implications for the understanding of cross‐level explanatory mechanisms; notably, it asserts that all relations between macro variables are mechanisms that involve micro variables. While the microfoundations literature has been influential in the general strategy literature, global strategy has been less impacted by it. This is paradoxical because the research challenges pointed to by the literature are often magnified in the multinational corporation and in a global strategy context, and this context may introduce novel challenges. For example, Google's strategic decision in 2018 to reenter the Chinese market (macro‐level analysis) is best understood through the thinking of decision‐makers in the company, as well as opposition to the move from over 1,000 of its employees. We characterize microfoundations, discuss their relevance to the global strategy, and show how the papers in this special issue fill important microfoundational gaps in the global strategy literature.Managerial Summary: For too long, studies of corporate strategies have focused on the firm as a unit of analysis, as if the firm could decide or think on its own, neglecting the fact that it is managers who think. The underlying motivations, interactions and characteristics of individual managers of companies have often been missing in explanations of global strategy formulation. This can especially be a lacuna in closely‐held companies in emerging countries where decision‐making is more concentrated in the minds of owners, top managers and family members.The microfoundations literature specifically tries to connect the thinking and backgrounds of individual managers with strategic decisions their firm makes. While the microfoundations literature has made some headway in the general strategy literature, the analysis of global strategy has been less impacted by it. This is paradoxical because the research challenges pointed to by the literature are often magnified in the multinational corporation and in a global strategy context. This introductory paper first refines and enunciates microfoundations theory, in its application to global business. It then also shows how the papers in this special issue fill important microfoundational gaps in the global strategy literature.
White matter microstructural development and cognitive ability in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Girault Jessica B. , Cornea Emil , Goldman Barbara D. , Knickmeyer Rebecca C. , Styner Martin , Gilmore John H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhite matter (WM) integrity has been related to cognitive ability in adults and children, but it remains largely unknown how WM maturation in early life supports emergent cognition. The associations between tract‐based measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD) shortly after birth, at age 1, and at age 2 and cognitive measures at 1 and 2 years were investigated in 447 healthy infants. We found that generally higher FA and lower AD and RD across many WM tracts in the first year of life were associated with better performance on measures of general cognitive ability, motor, language, and visual reception skills at ages 1 and 2, suggesting an important role for the overall organization, myelination, and microstructural properties of fiber pathways in emergent cognition. RD in particular was consistently related to ability, and protracted development of RD from ages 1 to 2 years in several tracts was associated with higher cognitive scores and better language performance, suggesting prolonged plasticity may confer cognitive benefits during the second year of life. However, we also found that cognition at age 2 was weakly associated with WM properties across infancy in comparison to child and demographic factors including gestational age and maternal education. Our findings suggest that early postnatal WM integrity across the brain is important for infant cognition, though its role in cognitive development should be considered alongside child and demographic factors.
Spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic input signal in a partly forested catchment: Implications for hydrograph separation
Authors: Cayuela Carles , Latron Jérôme , Geris Josie , Llorens Pilar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe isotopic composition of precipitation (D and 18O) has been widely used as an input signal in water tracer studies. Whereas much recent effort has been put into developing methodologies to improve our understanding and modelling of hydrological processes (e.g., transit‐time distributions or young water fractions), less attention has been paid to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation, used as input signal in these studies. Here, we investigated the uncertainty in isotope‐based hydrograph separation due to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation. The study was carried out in a Mediterranean headwater catchment (0.56 km2). Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at three locations across this relatively small catchment, and stream water samples were collected at the outlet. Results showed that throughout an event, the spatial variability of the input signal had a higher impact on hydrograph separation results than its temporal variability. However, differences in isotope‐based hydrograph separation determined preevent water due to the spatio‐temporal variability were different between events and ranged between 1 and 14%. Based on catchment‐scale isoscapes, the most representative sampling location could also be identified. This study confirms that even in small headwater catchments, spatio‐temporal variability can be significant. Therefore, it is important to characterize this variability and identify the best sampling strategy to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of catchment hydrological processes.
Biocompatibility of injectable hydrogel from decellularized human adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhao Yu , Fan Jun , Bai Shuling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdipose tissue engineering is considered as a promising treatment for repairing soft tissue defects. The decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is becoming the research focus in tissue engineering for its tissue specificity. In this study, the human adipose tissue liposucted from healthy people were decellularized by a series of mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The components of cell and lipid were effectively removed, whereas the collagens and other ingredients in adipose tissue were retained in the human decellularized adipose tissue (hDAT). Then the extracted hDAT was further fabricated into injectable hydrogel, which could be self‐assembled to form gel under certain condition. The hDAT hydrogel was nontoxic to human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and could spontaneously induce adipogenic differentiation in vitro. It was highly biocompatible and could not cause inflammation and rejection after being implanted subcutaneously. The hDAT hydrogel developed in this study will be one of the available choices for soft tissue enlargement and cosmetic fillers because of its noninvasive in collection and implantation process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1684–1694, 2019.
The SEM electron‐mirror effect in human tooth and synthetic hydroxyapatite samples
Authors: Reyes‐Gasga José , Rodríguez‐Torres José Antonio , Vargas‐Becerril Nancy , Moreno‐Rios Marisa , Rodríguez‐Gómez Arturo , García‐García Ramiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of the electron‐mirror effect (EME) image depend on both the scanning electron microscope parameters and the sample's physical properties. The behavior of human tooth (dentin and enamel) and synthetic hydroxyapatite samples submitted to the EME procedure is presented in this work. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and epoxy resin, two good EME producers, were used for comparison. A distorted EME image was observed in the obtained dentin's surface, but enamel and synthetic hydroxyapatite surfaces did not produce the EME. After ex situ calcination treatments of the teeth at 700 and 1,200°C, the EME was observed in dentin, enamel, and synthetic hydroxyapatite, but highly deformed EME images were produced. We show that these last observations are the result of the well‐known charge‐edge effect. After EME analysis, the calculated dielectric constant was 8.7 for dentin and 3.8 for PET.Research Highlights

Electron‐mirror effect (EME) was observed in dentin but not in enamel or synthetic hydroxyapatite.
Highly deformed EME images are produced in all samples after calcination at above 700°C.
For dentin the calculated dielectric constant was 8.7 and for PET is was 3.8.
Sensilla on organs of female and male Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
Authors: Wu Wei , Shen Sifan , Wang Chao , Fan Xiaohong , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Sufang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed parasitizes several species of aphids that cause economic damage to globally important crops; however, the mechanism of host location in this species is unclear. Here, we studied the sensory system in A. gifuensis to explore the likely mechanisms of host location that could be useful in the improved application of this species in aphid biological control programs. We used scanning electron microscopy to observe the external morphologies of the sensilla recorded from the entire body of female and male A. gifuensis. We recorded 16–18 segments and five types of sensilla on female antennae, including Böhm bristle, Chaetica sensillum, basiconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, and placodea sensillum. The male antennae consisted of 18–20 segments, and distribution of sensilla was similar to female antennae with minor differences. No hole on the surface or tip of the sensilla was observed. Interestingly, scattered pores around the TS were found on the entire body of females, but only from the antennae, abdomen, and thoracic legs in males. TS was the most abundant and widely distributed sensillum. Tympana structures were found on antennae and femur of thoracic legs. Antenna cleaner was found on the tibia of propodeum and wing cleaner was found on the tibia of metapedes. Special crevice‐shaped structures were found on the abdomen in both sexes, whereas strip‐shaped structures were found only on the abdomen of females. Possible functions of the sensilla in relation to their morphologies are discussed.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in primary care patients with hypertension
Authors: Hamano Jun , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs the number of patients with hypertension who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) might be underestimated, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of OSA and develop a diagnostic algorithm for moderate or severe OSA among primary care (PC) patients with hypertension.MethodsThis multicenter cross‐sectional study enrolled patients diagnosed with hypertension aged 18 years or older in Japan from October 2012 to September 2014.ResultsForty‐nine patients (64.5%) had 22 or more obstructive respiratory events during sleep.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OSA among PC patients with hypertension might be much higher than previously thought.
Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTwo dominant perspectives of job crafting—the original theory from Wrzesniewski and Dutton () and the job demands resources perspective from Tims, Bakker, and Derks ()—remain separate in research. To synthesize these perspectives, we propose a three‐level hierarchical structure of job crafting, and we identify the aggregate/superordinate nature of each major job crafting construct. The first level of the structure is job crafting orientation, or approach versus avoidance crafting, which we argue is an essential yet often neglected distinction in the literature. We address the debate surrounding cognitive crafting and identify crafting form (behavioral versus cognitive crafting) as the next hierarchical level of constructs. Finally, we concur that job resources and job demands, or crafting content, capture different ways that individuals craft their jobs. Using this integrated hierarchical structure, we were able to review antecedents and outcomes from both perspectives. We show, for example, that approach crafting in its behavioral form is very similar to other proactive behaviors in the way it functions, suggesting a need for closer synthesis with the broader proactive literature, whereas avoidance crafting appears to be less proactive and often dysfunctional. On the basis of our review, we develop a road map for future research.
Clinical significance of isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis in low‐grade, stage I endometrial cancer
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Richer Lara , Souhami Luis , Arseneau Jocelyne , Fu Lili , Gilbert Lucy , Alfieri Joanne , Jardon Kris , Zeng Xing Ziggy 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionUltrastaging in endometrial cancer (EC) led to increased detection of isolated tumor cells (ITC, ≤0.2 mm) and micrometastases (MM, 0.2‐2 mm), with unclear effect on prognosis. Our aim was to characterize the impact of ITC and MM on the outcome of these patients.MethodsGrade 1 to 2 stage I endometrioid EC patients with nodal ITC (n = 11) or MM (n = 12) between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively compared to a matched group of lymph node negative (n = 18) patients based on age, body mass index, grade, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular space invasion (LVI) status using propensity score analysis (1:1). Mann‐Whitney U tests were performed on continuous variables and χ2 tests on categorical variables. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was the main endpoint.ResultsAll MM and 81% of ITC had LVI. More ITC/MM patients received RT and chemotherapy (91.7% vs 18.4%; 70.8% vs 4.5%, respectively; P < 0.01) without significant difference in treatment‐related toxicities (25% vs 27.3% grade 1%‐2% and 20.8% vs 9.1% grade 2‐3; P = 0.538) or PFS (29.2 vs 25 months; P = 0.828). Two distant recurrences occurred in MM patients after 2.5 years; one lung and one para‐aortic lymph node.ConclusionWith adjuvant treatment, ITC/MM in otherwise well‐differentiated stage I endometrial cancer have similar outcomes to matched LN− patients.
Simultaneous determination of broflanilide and its metabolites in five typical Chinese soils by a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: An Xiaokang , Xu Jun , Dong Fengshou , Liu Xingang , Wu Xiaohu , Wang Ran , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of a new insecticide broflanilide and its metabolites (S(PFH‐OH)‐8007 and DM‐8007) residues in five typical Chinese soils (red soil, black soil, fluvo‐aquic soil, cinnamon soil and paddy soil) was developed. The samples were prepared by a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. The determination of broflanilide and its metabolites was conducted by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ion mode. This is the first report for the determination of broflanilide and its metabolites in different soils. Broflanilide and its metabolites were extracted from all soils with acetonitrile and purified by a mixture of primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black. The average recoveries of the three compounds in five types of soil ranged from 85.3 to 111.8% and the relative standard deviations were less than 13.6%. The limit of quantification was 0.1 μg/kg for all three compounds. This method was successfully used to determine broflanilide and its metabolites in five types of soil. The method was validated to be simple and effective for the determination of trace residual broflanilide and its metabolites in five types of soil.
Radical Copolymerization of N‐Vinylformamide with Methylvinylketone: An Approach to Iminium/Imine Ring Containing Polymers
Authors: Walther Tina , Seifert Andreas , Hähnle Hans‐Joachim , Hamers Christoph , Spange Stefan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe free radical copolymerization of N‐vinylformamide (NVF) with methylvinylketone in water and the subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis produce iminium structures containing polymers. It can be concluded from the copolymerization parameters (rN

‐vinylformamide = 0.02, r
methylvinylketone = 0.50) that alternating copolymers are formed which contain few amounts with statistically arranged monomer sequences. The acidic hydrolysis of the copolymer results in a water‐soluble polymer bearing five‐membered iminium rings along the polymer chain. A water‐insoluble polymer is generated under alkaline conditions also containing five‐membered imine rings. The formation of the iminium ring polymer is attributed to the fact that generated free amino groups derived from NVF immediately react with the keto groups in the vicinity. The molecular structures of the obtained polymers are characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The assignment of the signals in the novel polymers are confirmed by model compounds.
Microwave analog filter‐based modulators for partial response signals
Authors: Cimoli Bruno , Johansen Tom Keinicke , Vegas Olmos Juan José 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPartial response (PR) modulations boost the spectral efficiency of baseband signals by introducing controlled intersymbol interference. In this paper, we report design guidelines for PR modulators based on analog filters. Moreover, we designed and manufactured filter prototypes following the proposed guidelines. Measurements confirm that the prototypes can modulate up to 5 levels PR signals at 10 Gbps.
Classification of needle‐EMG resting potentials by machine learning
Authors: Nodera Hiroyuki , Osaki Yusuke , Yamazaki Hiroki , Mori Atsuko , Izumi Yuishin , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The diagnostic importance of audio signal characteristics in needle electromyography (EMG) is well established. Given the recent advent of audio‐sound identification by artificial intelligence, we hypothesized that the extraction of characteristic resting EMG signals and application of machine learning algorithms could help classify various EMG discharges. Methods: Data files of 6 classes of resting EMG signals were divided into 2‐s segments. Extraction of characteristic features (384 and 4,367 features each) was used to classify the 6 types of discharges using machine learning algorithms. Results: Across 841 audio files, the best overall accuracy of 90.4% was observed for the smaller feature set. Among the feature classes, mel‐frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)‐related features were useful in correct classification. Conclusions: We showed that needle EMG resting signals were satisfactorily classifiable by the combination of feature extraction and machine learning, and this can be applied to clinical settings. Muscle Nerve 59:224–228, 2019
Multiresolution strategies for the modeling of composite shell structures based on the variable separation method
Authors: Vidal P. , Gallimard L. , Polit O. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe are interested in the layer‐wise modeling of composite cylindrical shell structures based on a variable separation method. The present study is focused on the use of a multiresolution strategy to decrease the computational cost of numerous analyses where some parameters can change. For this purpose, the displacement field is approximated as a sum of separated functions of the in‐plane coordinates and the transverse coordinate. Thus, an iterative process that consists of solving a two‐dimensional (2D) and a one‐dimensional problem successively at each iteration is required. In the thickness direction, a fourth‐order expansion in each layer is considered. For the in‐plane description, a classical finite element method is used. In our framework of a multiresolution process, once a first computation is achieved, the previously built 2D functions can be used. Thus, the following problems to be solved can be limited to a one‐dimensional problem. If needed, only few 2D functions might be built. The approach is assessed through mechanical tests on L‐angle specimens by comparing with a quasi–three‐dimensional layer‐wise approach. It is illustrated by varying the geometry and the stacking sequences of the shell.
Revolution in Industrial Image Processing
Authors: Stiefenhöfer Peter , Keppler Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmbedded vision has been the trend topic in the industry for some time now. Rarely in the past has a vision technology been ascribed so much change potential. A large number of exciting possible uses for embedded vision systems already exist in virtually all branches of industry and daily life. But will this technology really lead to a complete upheaval in machine vision?