bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARADIGMA ISLAM DALAM METODOLOGI PENELITIAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Hidayat Tatang , Asyafah Abas 
Published: February 2019

In principle, research is considered as an important thing in the realm of academics, especially for students and lecturers. However, in the reality, it is still easily found that many academia encounter difficulties in conducting research, especially in the field of Islamic education in which its paradigm is different compared to others. The purpose of this present study is to investigate the Islamic paradigm in research methodology and its implication for Islamic Education studies.
This study employed a qualitative approach and literature review method. The collected data were analyzed thoroughly using a descriptive analysis method and in the same time, the writer also elaborated as well as provided understanding and explanation proportionally. Based on the results of the discussion, it is obvious that the Islamic paradigm appeared to be different from the paradigm developed by the western world in research methodology. The Islamic paradigm considers that science is not value-free. In addition, the Islamic paradigm has a special characteristic which is different from other paradigms. As a result, a researcher puts Islam as a fundamental paradigm in conducting research on Islamic Education and it in fact has implications for the research processes from the beginning to the end of the research, in relation to research intentions, finding problems, formulating the background of the research problems, formulating research problems, research objectives, research benefits, research theories, and research methodology. In particular, research methodology in this case covers bayani, burhani, tajribi, and 'irfani method. Similarly, all the processes covering data processing, data analysis, conclusions, research publication, research facilities, and all necessary things related to the research should always be associated with the commands and prohibitions as well as permission of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala.
Jellyfish Sting: Sebuah studi Kasus Indonesia <br><i>[Jellyfish Sting : An Indonesian Case Report]<I>
Authors: Mujiono Nova 
Published: February 2019

AbstractJellyfish sting cases are reported between the years 2005 to 2009 from Indonesian waters. Three fatal cases occurred in Jebus and Situbondo in 2008 which predicted to be caused by Chrysaora quinquecirrha and Physalia physalis. Another species, Physalia utriculus is causing no fatality. Seasonality, treatment of the injury and prevention from the sting also discussed.
ROW MANAGEMENT OF FIELD-GROWN NURSERY STOCK
Authors: Baldridge L.P. , Newman S.E. 
Published: February 2019

Most field production of woody ornamental plants involves clean cultivation of rows, performed by either mechanical or chemical means. Grass cover has been shown to reduce erosion, but may have a detrimental effect on the growth and vigor of young trees. Clover cover has been shown to not adversely affect plant growth. The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of three row covers, clean cultivated, pine bark mulch and kobe lespedeza clover, in combination with two irrigation rates, low and high, on field-grown red bud and crape myrtle plants.
Crape myrtle and red bud plants were tallest and had a larger caliper when grown with a clean row or with pine bark mulch. Kobe lespedeza clover reduced plant growth of both species when supplemental irrigation was not provided. Clover reduced plant height and caliper of red bud even when irrigated. Generally, plants grown under pine bark mulch were more efficient in water use as shown by greater stomatal conductance in August.
NEW FRUITS FROM CHINA
Authors: Norton J. D. 
Published: February 2019

Observations made during 3 six week periods of cooperative breeding and development research between the Department of Horticulture, Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences indicates that different valuable germplasm of many fruits are present in China. Such cooperation provides the opportunity for the exchange of enhanced germplasm and cultivars to improve many of the horticulture crops of America and China. Resistance to diseases and insects and tolerance to drought, heat and nutrition stresses are found in the material.
The crops that appear to have the most immediate potential are the citrus with cold hardiness, kiwi of many improved types, pears of many types with fire blight resistance to chestnut blight and chestnut gall wasp, plums and plumcots with resistance to borers and many other crops such as raspberry, hawthorn, thorn pear and wolfberry.
GENOTYPE AND PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES EFFECTIVENESS OF CA STORAGE FOR SHORT-DAY ONIONS
Authors: Smittle Doyle A. , Mercer M. Darlene 
Published: February 2019

Two lots of `Granex 33' and a `Walla Walla' lot of onions were stored in a Georgia CA facility designed to produce 1C, 70-75% RH, 3% 02, 5% CO2, 92% N2 and an air flow of 1m3/Mg onions. Subsamples of these lots were also stored in air at 1C. Three lots of `Granex 33' onions and one lot of `Texas 1015Y' onions were stored in a CA facility in Michigan under similar conditions.
About 85% of the onions were marketable after 5 months of CA in Georgia and 2 weeks shelf-life. Less than 25% of the onions stored in air at 1C were marketable after a similar storage and shelf-life period. All `Walla Walla' bulbs decayed.
Shelf-life differences occurred among the `Granex 33' lots grown in Georgia and the 1015 lots grown in Texas after 5 months of CA storage in Michigan. Two of the `Granex 33' lots stored fairly well (70-75% marketable) while the third lots stored less well (40% marketable). The Texas 1015 onions stored poorly (0-15% marketable).
COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURES OF VITREOUS AND NON-VITREOUS SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.)LAM. PLANTS GROWN IN VITRO
Authors: Desamero Nenita V. , Rhodes Billy B. 
Published: February 2019

Vitrification, a physiological disorder characteristic of in vitro grown plants, was observed in single-node cultures of sweet potato in mannitol-enriched medium during their second year of storage. Vitrified or vitreous sweet potato plantlets were watersoaked, translucent or glassy in appearance, with thick, swollen, leaves and stems, stunted shoot growth and poor root growth. These plantlets were not able to regenerate normal plants when transferred into fresh regeneration medium nor were they able to survive outside culture conditions.
Electron microscopy revealed changes in the ultrastructures of vitrified sweet potato plantlets. Vitrified plants had defective stomatal complex, starch grain-filled chloroplasts, disrupted cell wall, big air spaces (lacunae), high frequency of cell membrane separation from the cell wall, nuclear disintegration, and cytoplasmic disorganization. These changes in the internal structures of vitrified plants were reflected in their abnormal morphology and physiology.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROOTSTOCK WITH `STARKSPUR SUPREME' SCIONS TO MATURITY INDICES
Authors: Wolfe Dwight , Brown Gerald 
Published: February 2019

The maturity indices of percent fruit drop, percent soluble solids, and flesh firmness of apples from trees with `Starkspur Supreme' scions on nine rootstocks were compared over the five-year period 1985-1989. The nine rootstocks included EMLA 7, EMLA 9, EMLA 26, EMLA 27, Mark, MAC 24, Ottawa 3, OAR 1, and M9.
The five-year averages of each of the maturity indices varied significantly among the nine stions. The average percent fruit drop was more strongly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.572) than it was with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.346). Flesh firmness was significantly correlated with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.398) but not with either trunk cross-sectional area or cumulative yield. The average percent soluble solids was more significantly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.770) than it was with either cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.383) or cumulative yield (r=0.637). It is suggested that tree size may be used as an indicator for predicting maturity in cases where little or no information is available on the effects of that particular rootstock on maturity.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPLICATION OF CALCIUM INFLUENCES UNICONAZOLE ACTIVITY ON V-14 GUTBIER POINSETTIAS
Authors: Harris D.K. , Owings A.D. , Newman S.E. 
Published: February 2019

Uniconazole has been demonstrated to not only reduce plant height, but suppress the development of xylem and phloem in stem tissue. Supplemental calcium nutrition in poinsettias has been demonstrated to reduce marginal bract necrosis, reduce leaf puckering and increase stem strength. Studies were conducted to determine the influence of uniconazole on Gutbier V-14 Glory poinsettias grown with supplemental calcium applied either as a foliar spray or a media drench.
Supplemental calcium applications improved the growth habit of uniconazole treated poinsettia plants. Bract coloration was intensified by foliar applications of calcium and uniconazole.
Modification of Petunia seedling Carbohydrate Partitioning by Irradiance
Authors: Grarper David F. , Healy Will 
Published: February 2019

Petunia × hybrida Villm. `Red Flash' plants were irradiated for either 10 or 20 mol day1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in growth chambers using one of the following treatments: 175 μmol m-2 s-1 for 16 h, 350 μmol m-2 s-1 for 8 or 16 h or 350 μmol m-2 s-1 for 8 h plus 8 h incandescent day extension (5 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF). These four treatments were designed to examine the effects of increased peak and total daily integrated PPF as well as increased photosynthetic (Pn) period and photoperiod resulting from supplemental irradiance treatment of seedlings. Previous seedling petunia research indicated a greater response to supplemental lighting during expansion of the second true leaf. Therefore, seedlings were sampled for analysis at the two leaf stage and also later at the four leaf stage to examine effects at a later stage of growth.Increasing total integrated PPF increased total carbohydrate production, seedling dry weight, rate of seedling growth, and acid invertase activity once the seedlings reached the two leaf stage. Increasing total PPF resulted in greater partitioning into ethanol soluble sugars rather than starch at the two leaf stage. Increasing the photoperiod only, with an incandescent day extension treatment, reduced total carbohydrate production at the two leaf stage.Maximal oxygen evolution was observed when seedlings received 350 μmolm-2s-1 for 8 h when expressed on a leaf area or dry weight basis. The use of an 8 h day extension treatment to extend the photoperiod from 8 to 16 h resulted in the lowest rates of oxygen evolution on a leaf area basis.
THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT ON THE PILLOWY DISORDER IN CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)
Authors: Navazio John , Staub Jack E. 
Published: February 2019

A fruit anomaly, pillowy (P), has been identified in processing cucumber This physiological disorder has been shown to be accelerated by water stress.A series of experiments were conducted to determine postharvest handling procedures which minimize the appearance of pillowy after induction by water stress. Isogenic lines evaluated in RCB design with 3 replications where subjected to water stress during fruit enlargement. Fruits were then subjected to various storage temperatures and times before hydrocooling to 8°C. Cucumbers were then fresh pack processed and evaluated for % pillowy after 12 weeks,The postharvest control treatmcnt (2 days, 26°C, 60% RH) produced 32%P to 51%P in fruit subjected to stress and 23%P to 39%P in unstressed fruit. In the optimal postharvest treatment (1 day, 26°C, 60% RH, then hydrocool to 8°C, 2 days, 15°C, 85% RH) fruits from stress plants exhibited 23%P to 39%P and those from nonstress plants showed 13%P to 26%P. Fruits from miniature leaf lines exhibited higher percent (37%) P ratings when compared to normal leaf lines.
FERTILIZER SOURCE INFLUENCES GROWTH OF `ANGELIKA RED' POINSETTIAS
Authors: Lehmann Jerry , Albrecht Mary Lewnes 
Published: February 2019

During 1988, N-chlorosis was a problem with `Angelika Red' poinsettias in some parts of the Great Plains. A study was conducted with `Angelik a Red' poinsettias using one of 3 commercially available water-soluble fertilizers: 20N-9P-17K, 20-4-17, and 15-7-14. Plants were finished with either plain water or 15-9-21 (a commercially available poinsettia fertilizer). Data were taken when plants were marketable.Fertilization with 20-9-17 resulted in reduced stem dry weight in comparison to the other 2 production fertilizers. Bract display was reduced when 20-9-17 was used for production and plain water for finishing. Total foliar-N was greatest for this treatment indicating an accumulation of NH4-N. Production with 20-4-17 and finishing with either plain water or 15-9-21, or production with 15-7-14 and finishing with 15-9-21 produced plants with the greatest dry weights and inflorescences.
EFFECT OF RACEME THINNING AND GIRDLING ON FRUIT SET OF MACADAMIA NUT
Authors: Ueunten Gary R. , Kobayashi Kent D. 
Published: February 2019

Premature fruit drop of Macadamia integrifolia is a major limitation to yield. This study investigated the effects of raceme thinning and branch girding on find fruit set of macadamia nut 'Ikaika' and 'Keaau'. Eleven-year old grafted trees grown near Hilo, Hawaii were used. Racemes were thinned to 1, 2, or 4 racemes per branch two weeks after anthesis. The base of half these branches was girdled when the racemes were thinned.Premature fruit drop occurred during the 97 and 151 days following anthesis for `Keaau' and `Ikaika', respectively. Peak fruit drop occurred within 70 days after anthesis for both cultivars. Raceme thinning and girdling had no effect on final fruit set (nuts/branch) of `Ikaika' 151 days after anthesis. There was a significant interaction between raceme thinning and girdling on final fruit set of `Keaau'. Branches with four racemes set more fruit than branches with one or two racemes. Raceme thinning and girdling had no effect on fruit retention (% of initial fruit set retained through final fruit set per branch) of `Ikaika'. There was a significant interaction between girdling and raceme thinning on fruit retention of `Keaau'. Branches with four racemes had greater fruit retention than branches with one or two racemes. Premature fruit drop may be altered on individual branches by altering raceme load and limiting phloem transport of assimilates into the girdled branch.
MUTATION, A MICROCOMPUTER MODULE DESIGNED FOR PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS
Authors: Staub Jack E. , Braunschweig Karl 
Published: February 2019

A teaching module was developed for computer-aided instruction of mutation theory. The Hypercard-driven, Macintosh compatible module illustrates the concepts of: 1) Changes in allele frequency with mutation pressure; 2) Number of alleles maintained in populations, and; 3) The Neutrality Hypothesis. The concepts are integrated in an application by using a game format.Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutation pressure results in changes in allele frequency. Concept 1 illustrates the theoretical changes in allele frequency under pressure of reversible mutation. Mutation equilibrium is depicted as P=V/u+v; where v=mutation rates of allele A and u of allele a. The Infinite-Alleles Model of mutation is illustrated in Concept 2 and specifies characteristics of new mutations by F=1/4Nu+1, where F=fixation index and N=number in population. Concept 3 demonstrates the hypothesis that polymorphisms result from selectively neutral alleles maintained in a balance between mutation and random genetic drift.
IMPROVEMENT OF PECAN BUD BREAK BY APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN CYNAMIDE.
Authors: Nuñez Humberto , Díaz Daniel H. 
Published: February 2019

Pecan has an irregular bud break under mild climate areas, difficulting pollination and reducing yields, particularly in seasons when chilling accumulation is low and when only 50% of buds open. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2C N2) at 1, 2, 4% alone or with mineral oil (MO) at 2, 4% were evaluated for their effect on lateral bud opening of `Wichita' pecans, spraying branches on january 25 or february 8. H2C N2 and its mixtures with MO advances bud break 25 and 18 days as compared to control on first and second date application respectively; by march 20th shoots on applied branches had 8-14 cm lenght while control and MO treatments had only 2-3 cm.Initial bud break was up to 85% on treated branches as compared to 60% of control; however and regularly, some shoots emerging from buds abscise thereafter. Remaining shoot number per branch was 4.8 with 4% H2C N2 or the mixture 2% H2C N2 + 2% MO on the first application date, and with 4% H2C N2 + 2% MO on the second date, as compared to 2.5 shoots of control. A 12% bud injury occurred with 4% H2C N2 on first date application and high rates of mo of second date.
SIMPLIFIED PESTICIDE RATE CONVERSIONS USING A PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR
Authors: Fitzpatrick G. E. , Verkade S. D. 
Published: February 2019

Many pesticide labels contain rate recommendations in units that are not readily pertinent to container nursery production situations.A program is presented, in the RPN programming language, for the conversion of pesticide rate terms from lb per ft2 to grams per container: f LBL A, RCL 2, ENTER, 1, 4, 4, X, STO 5, RCL 3, ENTER, 2, ENTER, g X2, f, X, STO 4, RCL 1, 4, 5, 3, ·, 9, X, STO 9, RCL 9, ENTER, RCL 9, ENTER, RCL 4, X, RCL 5,, g RTN.Use of this program allows precise conversions of agricultural chemical application rates for container grown horticultural crops.
EFFECTS OF SHADE ON NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Garrison S.E. , Williams J.M. , Barden J.A. 
Published: February 2019

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of shade treatments (0, 30, 47 and 63%) on photosynthetic and growth responses of `Redchief' strawberries. Net photosynthesis (Pn) measured on plants under shade decreased as % shade increased. Pn of plants grown under shade but measured under saturating light intensities decreased after 30% shade. Light saturation curves of leaves allowed to expand in full sun and then placed under shade indicated a decrease in the saturation rate and point under 63% shade. Leaves which expanded under shade had decreased saturation rates and points at all levels. Specific leaf weight and total plant dry weight decreased linearly as % shade increased.A field study in which plants were either shaded in the fall or in the fall and spring demonstrated a decreasing trend in berry number for plots which were shaded in the fall and spring. Berry number decreased in fall-shaded plants after 30% shade. In both cases, berry weight decreased with increasing shade.
SHOOT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF `STARKSPUR SUPREME DELICIOUS' VARIES WITH ROOTSTOCK.
Authors: Rom Curt R. 
Published: February 2019

Shoot growth `Starkspur Supreme Delirious' on 10 different rootstock was measured on 3-, 4- and 6-year-old trees at weekly intervals from budbreak until terminal bud formation. Spur density, spur development, and extension shoot leaf area development were measured in September. Growth rate was analyzed by regression against chronological time and accumulated growing degree days using linear and nonlinear statistics.Rootstock affected shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf size, leaf dry weight/leaf area and internode length. Trees on M.4, M.7 EMLA, P-1 and seedling had the longest shoots and highest shoot growth rate. Trees on P16 had least leaves and leaf area per shoot and smallest shoot leaves. Leaf dry wt./area were negatively correlated to leaf size. Typically, trees with shortest shoot length and smallest internode length had greatest spur density. Rootstock affected both rate and duration of shoot growth. Shoots on trees with P22 and P2 rootstocks grew for the shortest duration while trees on M.4 and M.7 EMLA grew for the longest period.
TOWARDS A NON-DESTRUCTIVE SEED TEST
Authors: Moore F. D. , Roos E. E. 
Published: February 2019

An index “internal slope” derived from the cumulative frequency distribution of individual seed leachate conductivities is related to seed quality; the larger the index value the less variation among individual seeds in a sample (100 seeds) and the higher the seed quality. We have recently developed data acquisition/instrurment control/data smoothing/data analysis software which accesses frequency and cumulative frequency distributions of individual seed conductivities and the derived index on an almost continuous basis from the start of the first soaking.At present, lack of convergence with regard to curve fitting may occur necessitating multiple sampling times. A “window in time” approach is described whereby index estimates during a two-hour interval within the index stability phase are averaged. Evidence of the method's ability to assess seed vigor will be presented.
LEAF DEVELOPMENT AND ANTHURIUM FLOWER GROWTH
Authors: Dai Jingwei , Paull Robert E. 
Published: February 2019

The Anthurium andraeanum `Kaumana' flower growth and development before and after emergence was studied. The process before emergence was long and slow. A tiny flower bud, about 0.3 cm long was formed 80 days before its emergence. The whole period before emergence was divided into three phases: cell division phase, slow growth phase and elongation phase. The characteristic of each phase was studied.The leaf which bears the flower bud at its petiole base is called subtending leaf. Its growth had a significant influence on the flower bud growth at its petiole base. Detaching the young subtending leaf blade resulted in an earlier flower emergence.
MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RQ “BREAKPOINT”
Authors: Beaudry Randolph , Cameron Arthur 
Published: February 2019

The steady-state oxygen concentration at which blueberry fruit began to exhibit anaerobic carbon dioxide production. (i.e., the RQ breakpoint) was determined for fruit held at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 C using a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system. As fruit temperature decreased, the RQ breakpoint occurred at lower oxygen concentrations. The decrease in the RQ breakpoint oxygen is thought to be due to a decreasing oxygen demand of the cooler fruit.The decrease in oxygen demand and concomitant decrease in oxygen flux would have resulted in a decrease in the difference in the oxygen concentrate on between the inside and outside of the fruit and thus decreased the minimum amount of oxygen tolerated. The implications on MAP strategies will be discussed.
EFFECTS OF MOIST HEAT TREATMENTS ON THE POSTHARVEST BEHAVIOR OF `CHANDLER STRAWBERRY
Authors: Yoshikawa F. T. , Mitchell F. G. , Mayer G. 
Published: February 2019

Three successive experiments were included in this trial. The first experiment was a derailed screening program to test the effects of various temperatures and durations on the fruit quality of strawberry fruit. Fruit were exposed to temperatures of 37, 40, 43, and 46°C for durations of 20, 40, 60, 80, end 100 minutes at each temperature level. The temperatures and durations which were detrimental to fruit quality were eliminated; then experiments 2 & 3 were conducted using the remaining temperature and duration levels to study their effects on fruit quality, respiration, and ethylene production.Strawberries heated to 46° C were too severely damaged for other test comparisons. Those exposed to temperature treatments of 43 °C for 30 or 60 mins were consistently less firm, had more heat damage, developed less decay, and had lower CO2 and ethylene production than fruit from lower temperature treatments or control fruit. Differences were sometimes significant.While the heat damage scores from fruit exposed to the 43°C treatments indicated some serious injury, the fruit were stiff judged to be marketable. There were no significant differences in soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity, SSC/acid ratio, or juice pH among any of the treatments.