bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Особенности проектирования системы электрохимической защиты обсадных колонн скважин с различными характеристиками
Authors: В.А. СЕРЕДЕНОК , В.Н. ЮШМАНОВ , Н.С. ХЕНКИНА , Р.В. АГИНЕЙ 
Published: December 2024

В статье приведены расчеты распределений параметров электрохимической защиты вдоль скважины, отражены особенности распределения электрических параметров обсадной колонны различной длины при натекании тока электрохимической защиты, а также определены диапазоны сопротивления цементного покрытия и/или глубины скважины, при которых система электрохимической защиты неэффективна, поскольку не позволяет обеспечить одновременное выполнение критериев защиты от коррозии по сдвигу потенциала и по плотности защитного тока. При обеспечении выполнения критерия защиты от коррозии по плотности защитного тока на обсадных колоннах возможно образование зон избыточной поляризации, что может негативно сказаться на механических характеристиках обсадных колонн. В данной работе использованы аналитические соотношения и конечно-элементное моделирование.
The article provides calculations of detailed distributions of electrochemical protection parameters along the well, and also reflects the features of the distribution of parameters of the electric casing along the length during the inflow of ECP current, and also determines the ranges of resistance of the cement coating and/or well power, in which the electrochemical protection system is ineffective, since Allows you to ensure simultaneous compliance with protective measures regarding the setting and severity of the protective current. When ensuring that the fastening protection criteria are met based on the protective current density on the casing strings, an “overprotection” zone may form, which can negatively affect the mechanical characteristics of the casing strings. This work uses analytical principles and finite element modeling.
АНАЛИЗ ПОТЕРЬ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА ПРИ НАЛИЧИИ МЕЖПЛАСТОВОГО ПЕРЕТОКА В ПРОНИЦАЕМЫЕ ПЛАСТЫ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРИ РАЗНЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯХ ПРИЕМИСТОСТИ
Authors: И.С. ЯЗЫКОВ , С.М. БОГДАНОВА , А.С. КУЛЬКОВА , А.И. БЛОЦКАЯ , Д.С. СЕЛЕЗНЕВ , Д.А. МАРАКОВ , В.В. СЛЕДКОВ 
Published: December 2024

В данной статье приведен обзор и анализ существующих методов определения показателей приемистости нефтегазоконденсатных пластов. Выполнено имитационное моделирование объемов поглощенного пластами газа при наличии перетока между цементным камнем и обсадной колонной. Количественное определение поглощенного природного газа базируется на расчетах объема газа, который можно закачать в подземное хранилище газа (ПХГ) при изменении параметров приемистости и перепада давления в призабойной зоне пласта. В работе показана важность проведения диагностики кольцевого пространства в скважинах, эксплуатирующих совместно несколько продуктивных объектов, с целью своевременного обнаружения межпластовых перетоков пластового флюида, способствующих формированию техногенных залежей и представляющих опасность как для людей, так и для оборудования.
This article provides an overview and analysis of existing methods for determining the production rates of oil and gas reservoirs. Simulation modeling of the volumes of gas absorbed by the layers in the presence of a flow between the cement stone and the casing is performed. The quantitative determination of the absorbed natural gas is based on calculations of the volume of gas that can be pumped into the underground gas storage when the parameters of pick-up and pressure drop in the bottom-hole zone of the formation change. The paper also discusses the significance of diagnosing the annular space in wells with multiple production facilities in order to detect inter-formational fluid flows that can lead to man-made reservoir deposits and pose risks to personnel and equipment.
The Effect of Written Emotional Disclosure on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Patients after Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Amiri Zohreh Barzegar , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila , Bahnampour Naser , Kavosi Ali 
Published: December 2024

<p><strong>Background and Aim: </strong>So far, several strategies have been used to reduce and minimize the stress and anxiety of patients admitted in open heart surgery. Writing about the most important and traumatic experiences of life can improve the physical and emotional health state of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of written emotional disclosure on depression, anxiety, and stress in hospitalized patients after open heart surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was an experimental study with two groups and two control groups before and after the intervention. A total of 100 patients admitted in the open heart surgery department of Amiralmomenin-e-Kordkuy Hospital (2018) were assigned in the form of random numbers to four groups of emotional disclosure of negative, positive, neutral and non-interventional. The groups exhibited 10-15 minutes of emotional disclosure written in four periods for one week. Data were collected by the DASS21 questionnaire before, one week and one month after the intervention by the groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and descriptive and inferential tests (repeated variance analysis and one way ANOVA). The significance level was considered as P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The severity of stress, anxiety and depression in the two groups of test and control before and after the intervention using ANOVA repeated measure showed significant difference (P=0.0001), (P=0.0001), (P=0.0001) (P=0.0001), respectively. But there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention (P&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Written emotional disclosure reduces depression, anxiety and stress in patients after open heart surgery.</p>
Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection After Cystoscopy
Authors: Asaf Alam Khan  , Mubashar Hussain Mazhar  , Bilal Habib  , Hassan Mumtaz  , Inam Malkani  , Arsalan Riaz  , Falak Naz  
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To get local evidence that can help us to determine the extent of the problem in the local setting and can alter the management protocols before undergoing cystoscopy.
Material & Methods: Descriptive case series study was conducted at Department of Urology, KRL Hospital Islamabad from December 20th 2019 to June 20th 2020. Two hundred and forty patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled who underwent cystoscopy by using end sheath technology under spinal anesthesia. Then patients were followed up in OPD for 3days and evaluated if they have a fever, pain in the lower abdomen, and pain during urination.
Results: There were 17(7.1%) patients with UTI and 223(92.9%) without UTI. There was no significant association between UTI and age groups as the p-value was not significant (p-value:0.71). There was a significant association between UTI and gender as the p-value was significant (p-value:0.032).
Conclusion: Routine antibiotic prophylaxis is not needed since even in individuals with asymptomatic bacteriuria future UTIs are uncommon and readily treated in cystoscopy of adults because of the low incidence of UTIs.
Potential Effect of Nigella Sativa Tablets on Fatty Liver Disease in Rats
Authors: Rahim Haroon , Khan Shahzeb , Ghani Akhtar , Amin Fazli , Amin Fazli , Jan Naeem Ullah , Khan Noshed 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This prospective study was conducted to explore the effects of crushed seeds of Nigella savita dietary supplementation on fatty liver disease in rats.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 16-18 months male Sprague dawley rats weighing 150-170 gm. Animals were randomly assigned into three (03) groups; Group-I served as (Control group, C) received standard diet; Group-II served as (Liver Fatty group, F) that received diets having high % age of fructose (60% fructose w/w), Group-III (Fatty liver/Nigella sativa F/NS), fed fructose diet along with Nigella sativa tablets (1.6g/kg diet) to get daily intake of Nigella sativa at rate 170 mg/kg body weight. The daily food intake and weekly body weight of the animals were recorded. After receiving respective drugs for 06 weeks following parameters such as Therapy; Body Mass index (BMI Body weight final), total cholesterol, liver weight, LDL-C, HDL-C, vLDL-C, serum glucose, Adiponectin, bilirubin, insulin, AST, ALT and TNF-, were measured. HOMA-R calculation was used to determine insulin resistance. Furthermore, kidneys, livers and brains histopathalogical examination was also taken out.
Results: The weight of visceral body fat increased significantly in group II (F group) compared to group I (C group), but it dropped significantly in group III (F/NS group) compared to group II (F group). The serum level of glucose, HOMA-R, bilirubin, LDL-c, TNF-, vLDL-c, AST, ALT and insulin level significantly increased in both F and F/NS groups and a significant decrease in serum adeponectin level occurred as compared to C group. However, the serum levels of adeponectin increased in the F/NS group compared to the F group, and there was a substantial drop in glucose insulin, total cholesterol, HOMA-R, TNF-, LDL-c, vLDL-c, AST, ALT, and bilirubin. Histopathological examination of F group indicates vascular congestion in kidney and liver, renal tubular necrosis, hepatocytes and localized cerebral haemorrhage while the histology appearance in the F/NS group was nearly normal.
Conclusion: Animals receiving crushed tablets of Nigella sativa along with fructose diet produced significant attenuation in level of total cholesterol, serum glucose, insulin, TNF-α, LDL-c, HOMA-R, AST, bilirubin and ALT and a significant rise in adiponectin level in fatty liver disease in old tested animals.
Comparison of Maternal Complications of Emergency vs Elective Caesarean Section for Placenta Previa
Authors: Haq Wagma , Qazi Qudsia , Khan Noman , Khan Hassaan , Saima Shahzadi 
Published: December 2024

Background: Placenta previa, being an obstetric emergency, is managed via either emergency or elective cesarean section depending upon clinical presentation of women. Multiple maternal and neonatal complications are associated with cesarean section varying with type of cesarean section.
Objective: The study was designed to evaluate maternal complications of emergency vs elective cesarean section for placenta previa.
Material and Methods: This cohort study was conducted in Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board in January 2024 till required sample size achieved April 2024. About 95 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing cesarean section (emergency or elective Cesarean section for placenta previa, with any maternal age included. Women were divided into two groups, emergency cesarean section (group 1) and elective cesarean (group 2).Maternal complications including post-partum hemorrhage (PPH),need for blood transfusion, post-operative fever and wound infection were recorded.
Results: The study showed mean age of 29.1±6.2 and 29.6±6.4 years for Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between emergency cesarean and elective cesarean section groups with respect to postpartum hemorrhage (47.9% vs 17% (P = 0.01), need for blood transfusion 91.6% vs 17% (P = 0.000),and postoperative fever (47.9% vs 12.7% (P = 0.001), while non significant difference observed for wound infection (4.1% vs 2.1% P=0.19).
Conclusion: Many maternal complications like postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion and postoperative fever were significantly higher in emergency cesarean compared to elective cesarean group for placenta previa.
LA PROTESTA SOCIAL EN COLOMBIA:
Authors: Mendieta David 
Published: December 2024

En el año 2021 en Colombia se llevarán a cabo las protestas sociales más multitudinarias de su historia y el protagonismo jugado por los jóvenes fue determinante. El objetivo de este escrito es determinar ¿cuál ha sido el papel jugado por los tres poderes públicos a la hora de garantizar el derecho a la protesta social en Colombia? Con el uso de una metodología analítico-descriptiva se pudo concluir que mientras el poder judicial con la Corte Constitucional, la Corte Suprema de Justicia y el Consejo de Estado con sus decisiones han buscado garantizar el derecho de reunión y movilización social, los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo y los órganos de control dan señales de ir en contravía de la salvaguarda de este derecho.
OUVIDORIAS PÚBLICAS:
Authors: Gambogi Luís Carlos Balbino 
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho analisa, por uma visão crítica, o papel das ouvidorias públicas, nas democracias, e sua relação com o poder político, nos diferentes modelos de estamento no Brasil, adotando como marco teórico as reflexões trazidas por Raymundo Faoro, em seus estudos sobre a questão, e, também, a tecnocracia. Demonstra-se que, no Estado brasileiro, por um lado, ainda impera o patrimonialismo, cujo traço essencial consiste em tratar a res publica como res privata; por outro lado, entranha-se nos poderes a tecnoburocracia, que deixa o cidadão, titular da soberania, cada vez mais impotente, uma vez que assume o poder do Estado e preserva seu arranjo institucional anacrônico herdado do patrimonialismo. Nesse cenário, a relevância do estudo consiste em demonstrar o importante papel exercido pelas ouvidorias públicas, como instrumentos de aperfeiçoamento das democracias e veículos de seu permanente aprimoramento, funcionando como suas sentinelas. Para o presente estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o método dedutivo, partindo-se de uma perspectiva histórico-evolutiva para uma concepção analítica atualizada acerca do ponto controvertido. Por fim, como procedimento técnico, a análise da temática, teórica e interpretativa, explicando os contornos atuais da questão destacada.
In vitro culture of leukemic cells in collagen scaffolds and carboxymethyl cellulose-polyethylene glycol gel
Authors: Svozilova Hana , Vojtova Lucy , Matulova Jana , Bruknerova Jana , Polakova Veronika , Radova Lenka , Doubek Michael , Plevova Karla , Pospisilova Sarka 
Published: December 2024

Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common adult leukemia characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic mature B cells in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. The disease biology remains unresolved in many aspects, including the processes underlying the disease progression and relapses. However, studying CLL in vitro poses a considerable challenge due to its complexity and dependency on the microenvironment. Several approaches are utilized to overcome this issue, such as co-culture of CLL cells with other cell types, supplementing culture media with growth factors, or setting up a three-dimensional (3D) culture. Previous studies have shown that 3D cultures, compared to conventional ones, can lead to enhanced cell survival and altered gene expression. 3D cultures can also give valuable information while testing treatment response in vitro since they mimic the cell spatial organization more accurately than conventional culture.

Methods
In our study, we investigated the behavior of CLL cells in two types of material: (i) solid porous collagen scaffolds and (ii) gel composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol (CMC-PEG). We studied CLL cells’ distribution, morphology, and viability in these materials by a transmitted-light and confocal microscopy. We also measured the metabolic activity of cultured cells. Additionally, the expression levels of MYC, VCAM1, MCL1, CXCR4, and CCL4 genes in CLL cells were studied by qPCR to observe whether our novel culture approaches lead to increased adhesion, lower apoptotic rates, or activation of cell signaling in relation to the enhanced contact with co-cultured cells.

Results
Both materials were biocompatible, translucent, and permeable, as assessed by metabolic assays, cell staining, and microscopy. While collagen scaffolds featured easy manipulation, washability, transferability, and biodegradability, CMC-PEG was advantageous for its easy preparation process and low variability in the number of accommodated cells. Both materials promoted cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions due to the scaffold structure and generation of cell aggregates. The metabolic activity of CLL cells cultured in CMC-PEG gel was similar to or higher than in conventional culture. Compared to the conventional culture, there was (i) a lower expression of VCAM1 in both materials, (ii) a higher expression of CCL4 in collagen scaffolds, and (iii) a lower expression of CXCR4 and MCL1 (transcript variant 2) in collagen scaffolds, while it was higher in a CMC-PEG gel. Hence, culture in the material can suppress the expression of a pro-apoptotic gene (MCL1 in collagen scaffolds) or replicate certain gene expression patterns attributed to CLL cells in lymphoid organs (low CXCR4, high CCL4 in collagen scaffolds) or blood (high CXCR4 in CMC-PEG).
International Experiences To Increase Employability for Education Doctoral Students. A Comparative Study
Authors: Davis Brittany , Fedeli Monica , Coryell Joellen E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe authors examine current literature and practice focusing on employability of doctoral students, discuss a case study involving Italian and U.S. students presenting research at an international graduate student research conference, and discuss how that experience may impact student learning, development, and employability after completing their doctoral degrees.
Comprehensive evaluation of the high‐resolution diode array for SRS dosimetry
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Zhang Geoffrey , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA high‐resolution diode array has been comprehensively evaluated. It consists of 1013 point diode detectors arranged on the two 7.7 × 7.7 cm2 printed circuit boards (PCBs). The PCBs are aligned face to face in such a way that the active volumes of all diodes are in the same plane. All individual correction factors required for accurate dosimetry have been validated for conventional and flattening filter free (FFF) 6MV beams. That included diode response equalization, linearity, repetition rate dependence, field size dependence, angular dependence at the central axis and off‐axis in the transverse, sagittal, and multiple arbitrary planes. In the end‐to‐end tests the array and radiochromic film dose distributions for SRS‐type multiple‐target plans were compared. In the equalization test (180° rotation), the average percent dose error between the normal and rotated positions for all diodes was 0.01% ± 0.1% (range −0.3 to 0.4%) and −0.01% ± 0.2% (range −0.9 to 0.9%) for 6 MV and 6MV FFF beams, respectively. For the axial angular response, corrected dose stayed within 2% from the ion chamber for all gantry angles, until the beam direction approached the detector plane. In azimuthal direction, the device agreed with the scintillator within 1% for both energies. For multiple combinations of couch and gantry angles, the average percent errors were −0.00% ± 0.6% (range: −2.1% to 1.6%) and −0.1% ± 0.5% (range −1.6% to 2.1%) for the 6MV and 6MV FFF beams, respectively. The measured output factors were largely within 2% of the scintillator, except for the 5 mm 6MV beam showing a 3.2% deviation. The 2%/1 mm gamma analysis of composite SRS measurements produced the 97.2 ± 1.3% (range 95.8‐98.5%) average passing rate against film. Submillimeter (≤0.5 mm) dose profile alignment with film was demonstrated in all cases.
Surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) improves breast cancer patient setup accuracy
Authors: Kügele Malin , Mannerberg Annika , Nørring Bekke Susanne , Alkner Sara , Berg Lovisa , Mahmood Faisal , Thornberg Charlotte , Edvardsson Anneli , Bäck Sven Å. J. , Behrens Claus F. , Ceberg Sofie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate if surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) can decrease setup deviations for tangential and locoregional breast cancer patients compared to conventional laser‐based setup (LBS).Materials and MethodsBoth tangential (63 patients) and locoregional (76 patients) breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. For LBS, the patients were positioned by aligning skin markers to the room lasers. For the surface based setup (SBS), an optical surface scanning system was used for daily setup using both single and three camera systems. To compare the two setup methods, the patient position was evaluated using verification imaging (field images or orthogonal images).ResultsFor both tangential and locoregional treatments, SBS decreased the setup deviation significantly compared to LBS (P < 0.01). For patients receiving tangential treatment, 95% of the treatment sessions were within the clinical tolerance of ≤ 4 mm in any direction (lateral, longitudinal or vertical) using SBS, compared to 84% for LBS. Corresponding values for patients receiving locoregional treatment were 70% and 54% for SBS and LBS, respectively. No significant difference was observed comparing the setup result using a single camera system or a three camera system.ConclusionsConventional laser‐based setup can with advantage be replaced by surface based setup. Daily SGRT improves patient setup without additional imaging dose to breast cancer patients regardless if a single or three camera system was used.
Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammatory–Induced Apoptosis after Traumatic Brain Injury via Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Fayin , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhijie , Zhang Xianlong , Gao Pengfei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveDexmedetomidine (DEX) exhibits neuroprotective effects as a multifunctional neuroprotective agent in numerous neurological disorders. However, in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the molecular mechanisms of these neuroprotective effects remain unclear. The present study investigated whether DEX, which has been reported to exert protective effects against TBI, could attenuate neuroinflammatory‐induced apoptosis and clarified the underlying mechanisms.MethodsA weight‐drop model was established, and DEX was intraperitoneally injected 30 min after inducing TBI in rats. The water content in the brain tissue was measured. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed on histopathological tissue sections to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and PCR were applied to detect the levels of the inflammatory factors, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and NF‐κB.ResultsTBI–challenged rats exhibited significant neuronal apoptosis, which was characterized via the wet‐to‐dry weight ratio, neurobehavioral functions, TUNEL assay results and the levels of cleaved caspase‐3, Bax upregulation and Bcl‐2, which were attenuated by DEX. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR results revealed that DEX promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated expression of the Nrf2 downstream factors, HO‐1 and NQO‐1. Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly prevented the downregulation of inflammatory response factors, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and NF‐κB, and IL‐6.InterpretationAdministering DEX attenuated inflammation‐induced brain injury in a TBI model, potentially via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.