bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scallop‐Inspired Shell Engineering of Microparticles for Stable and High Volumetric Capacity Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Xinghao , Guo Ruiying , Li Xianglong , Zhi Linjie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBuilding stable and efficient electron and ion transport pathways are critically important for energy storage electrode materials and systems. Herein, a scallop‐inspired shell engineering strategy is proposed and demonstrated to confine high volume change silicon microparticles toward the construction of stable and high volumetric capacity binder‐free lithium battery anodes. As for each silicon microparticle, the methodology involves an inner sealed but adaptable overlapped graphene shell, and an outer open hollow shell consisting of interconnected reduced graphene oxide, mimicking the scallop structure. The inner closed shell enables simultaneous stabilization of the interfaces of silicon with both carbon and electrolyte, substantially facilitates efficient and rapid transport of both electrons and lithium ions from/to silicon, the outer open hollow shell creates stable and robust transport paths of both electrons and lithium ions throughout the electrode without any sophisticated additives. The resultant self‐supported electrode has achieved stable cycling with rapidly increased coulombic efficiency in the early stage, superior rate capability, and remarkably high volumetric capacity upon a facile pressing process. The rational design and engineering of graphene shells of the silicon microparticles developed can provide guidance for the development of a wide range of other high capacity but large volume change electrochemically active materials.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Programs for Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zhengyan , Zhao Qingchuan , Bai Bin , Ji Gang , Liu Yezhou 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols or laparoscopic technique has been applied in various surgical procedures. However, the clinical efficacy of combination of the two methods still remains unclear. Thus, our aim was to assess the role of ERAS protocols in laparoscopic abdominal surgery.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in various databases from January 1990 to October 2017. The results were analyzed according to predefined criteria.ResultsIn the present meta‐analysis, the outcomes of 34 comparative studies (15 randomized controlled studies and 19 non‐randomized controlled studies) enrolling 3615 patients (1749 in the ERAS group and 1866 in the control group) were pooled. ERAS group was associated with shorter hospital stay (WMD − 2.37 days; 95% CI − 3.00 to − 1.73; P 0.000) and earlier time to first flatus (WMD − 0.63 days; 95% CI − 0.90 to − 0.36; P 0.000). Meanwhile, lower overall postoperative complication rate (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.51–0.76; P 0.000) and less hospital cost (WMD 801.52 US dollar; 95% CI − 918.15 to − 684.89; P 0.000) were observed in ERAS group. Similar readmission rate (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52–1.03, P 0.070) and perioperative mortality (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.53–3.34; P 0.549) were found between the two groups.ConclusionsERAS protocol for laparoscopic abdominal surgery is safe and effective. ERAS combined with laparoscopic technique is associated with faster postoperative recovery without increasing readmission rate and perioperative mortality.
The Updated AJCC/TNM Staging System for Papillary Thyroid Cancer (8th Edition): From the Perspective of Genomic Analysis
Authors: Kim Kyubo , Kim Jin Hwan , Park Il Seok , Rho Young Soo , Kwon Gee Hwan , Lee Dong Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the American Joint Committee on Cancer published the 8th edition of its Cancer Staging Manual with major changes regarding the staging of thyroid cancer, including the raising of the age cutoff from 45 to 55 years. Using the clinical and genetic data of 505 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cases, we aimed to compare overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) with different age cutoff values, and also investigate the efficacy of the new staging system on a genomic level.MethodsWe downloaded gene expression data, somatic mutation profile, copy number alteration data and clinical data of 505 PTC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. We used multiple statistical analysis and multiplatform genomic analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the 8th edition.ResultsWhen using 55 years as the cutoff value for analyzing RFS, the Kaplan–Meier plot showed a significant p value but not when using 45 years (p = 0.006 vs. p = 0.493), but both cutoff values were significant when analyzing OS (p = 1.1 × 10−9 with age 55 vs. p = 4.4 × 10−5 with age 45). When looking at stage‐dependent survival, both the 7th and 8th edition had significant p values (p = 0.048 vs. p = 3.1 × 10−9 in RFS and p = 5.9 × 10−10 vs. p = 2.2 × 10−10 in OS). Multiplatform genomic analysis showed patients ≥55 years had 103 differently expressed genes when compared with other age groups. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that patients ≥55 years had altered pathways associated with aggressiveness of thyroid cancer.ConclusionIn conclusion, this is the first study to show clinical and genetic evidence supporting the altered age cutoff point of 55 years in the AJCC 8th edition for PTC patients.
Meckel’s Diverticulum in Children—Parameters Predicting the Presence of Gastric Heterotopia
Authors: Slívová Ivana , Vávrová Zuzana , Tomášková Hana , Okantey Okaikor , Penka Igor , Ihnát Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of gastric ectopic mucosa in Meckel’s diverticulum is associated with a higher risk of development of complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate which demographic/clinical parameters predict the presence of gastric heterotopia in Meckel’s diverticulum.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single institution (University Hospital Ostrava, Czech republic). All children who underwent laparoscopic/open resection of Meckel’s diverticulum within a 20‐year study period were included in the study.ResultsIn total, 88 pediatric patients underwent analysis. The mean age of the children was 4.6 ± 4.73 years; the male–female ratio was approximately 2:1. There were 50 (56.8%) patients with asymptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum in our study group. Laparoscopic resection was performed in 24 (27.3%) patients; segmental bowel resection through laparotomy was performed in 13 (14.8%) patients. Gastric heterotopia was found in 39 (44.3%) patients; resection margins of all patients were clear of gastric heterotopia. No correlation was found between the presence of gastric heterotopia and the following parameters: age, gender, maternal age, prematurity, low birth weight, perinatal asphyxia, distance from Bauhin’s valve and length of Meckel’s diverticulum. The width of the diverticulum base was significantly higher in patients with gastric heterotopia (2.1 ± 0.57 vs. 1.2 ± 0.41 cm; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAccording to the study outcomes, the width of the diverticulum base seems to be a significant predictive factor associated with the presence of gastric heterotopia in Meckel’s diverticulum. The laparoscopic/open resection of asymptomatic MD with a wide base should therefore be recommended.
The role of autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Parachela (Tardigrada)
Authors: Rost-Roszkowska M. M. , Janelt K. , Poprawa I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe process of cell death has been detected in the midgut epithelium of four tardigrade species which belong to Parachela: Macrobiotus diversus, Macrobiotus polonicus, Hypsibius dujardini and Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi. They originated from different environments so they have been affected by different stressors: M. polonicus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a railway embankment; M. diversus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a petrol station; X. pseudohufelandi originated from sandy and dry soil samples collected from a pine forest; H. dujardini was obtained commercially but it lives in a freshwater or even in wet terrestrial environment. Autophagy is caused in the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium by different factors. However, a distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in tardigrades’ digestive system has been described at the ultrastructural level. Apoptosis has not been detected in the midgut epithelium of analyzed species. We also determined that necrosis is the major process that is responsible for the degeneration of the midgut epithelium of tardigrades, and “apoptosis–necrosis continuum” which is the relationship between these two processes, is disrupted.
Improving conditional random field model for prediction of protein‐RNA residue‐base contacts
Authors: Hayashida Morihiro , Okada Noriyuki , Kamada Mayumi , Koyano Hitoshi 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundFor understanding biological cellular systems, it is important to analyze interactions between protein residues and RNA bases. A method based on conditional random fields (CRFs) was developed for predicting contacts between residues and bases, which receives multiple sequence alignments for given protein and RNA sequences, respectively, and learns the model with many parameters involved in relationships between neighboring residue‐base pairs by maximizing the pseudo likelihood function.MethodsIn this paper, we proposed a novel CRF‐based model with more complicated dependency relationships between random variables than the previous model, but which takes less parameters for the sake of avoidance of overfitting to training data.ResultsWe performed cross‐validation experiments for evaluating the proposed model, and took the average of AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) scores. The result suggests that the proposed CRF‐based model without using L1‐norm regularization (lasso) outperforms the existing model with and without the lasso under several input observations to CRFs.ConclusionsWe proposed a novel stochastic model for predicting protein‐RNA residue‐base contacts, and improved the prediction accuracy in terms of the AUC score. It implies that more dependency relationships in a CRF could be controlled by less parameters.
Multiobjective optimization for improving machinability of Ti-6Al-4V using RSM and advanced algorithms
Authors: Sahu Neelesh Kumar , Andhare Atul B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper explores use of Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), ‘JAYA’ (Sanskrit word means Victory) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the combined minimization of roughness of machined surface and forces generated in cutting in turning of Ti-6Al-4V. Experimentation was carried out with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Central Composite Design (CCD). Speed of cutting (m/min), feed rate (mm/min) and depth of cut (mm) were the design variables for optimization. Two responses (roughness of machined surface and force of cutting) were independently minimized. RSM was useful in finding empirical relations and the effect of each parameter and their interactions on the responses considered. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the effective and non-effective factors and correctness of the models. Later on, a multi-objective optimization function was developed for minimizing both – roughness in machined surface and force generated in cutting using weights method and the correctness of weights were confirmed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). After formulating the combined objective function, TLBO, ‘JAYA’ and GA methods were used for further parameter optimization of the turning process. Performance of TLBO and ‘JAYA’ algorithm was compared with that of Genetic Algorithm (GA). It is found that TLBO and ‘JAYA’ performed better than GA in the combined minimization of roughness and forces in while turning Ti-6Al-4V. It is also found from the results that higher cutting speed (171.4 m/min) and lower feed rate (55.6 mm/min) can produce better surface roughness and minimum cutting forces in machining of Ti-6Al-4V.
Highlights This paper Presents, implementation of Advanced Algorithms for multi objective optimization of cutting force and surface roughness in machining of difficult to cut Ti-6Al-4V. Two newly developed advanced algorithms such as JAYA and Teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) ‘without algorithm control’ parameters are used for machining response optimization. Objective functions for surface roughness and cutting forces are developed after actual face milling operation performed in sequential manner with response surface methodology. Developed models are verified with statistical test (ANOVA, residual plots) as well as confirmation experiments. It is concluded from the results that machining parameters can be optimize using advanced algorithms. This work can help machinists to select cutting parameters based on desired machining response.
Cruise missile head shape optimisation using an adaptive sampling surrogate model
Authors: Guo S. Z. , Zheng X. M. , Ang H. S. , Cai H. M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHigh-precision response of the surrogate model is desired in the process of optimisation. An excessive number of sampling points will increase the cost of the calculation. The appropriate number of sampling points cannot only guarantee the accuracy of the surrogate model but also save the calculation cost. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the eventuality of using an adaptive surrogate model for optimisation problems. The adaptive surrogate model is built on an adaptive sampling approach and an extended radial basis function (ERBF). The adaptive sampling is an approach that new sampling points are placed in the blank area and all the sampling points are uniformly distributed in the design region using Multi-Island GA. The precision of the ERBF surrogate model is checked using standard error measure to determine whether the surrogate model should be updated or not. This adaptive surrogate model is used to optimise a cruise missile head shape. Aerodynamic and stealthy performance of the cruise missile head shape are considered in this research. Different global objective function and different weight factor are used to research the aerodynamic and stealthy performance in this optimisation process. The results show that the drag is reduced with a slender head shape and the radar-cross section (RCS) value is reduced with a short head shape.
A novel algorithm for conceptual design and optimisation of an affordable gliding airdrop platform using TCOMOGA
Authors: Nosratollahi M. , Ghapanvary M.A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTUnlike conventional ballistic parachutes, gliding parachutes have been extensively used as guided precision aerial delivery system (GPADS) platforms in recent years. The reasoning may be found in gliding and manoeuvering capabilities, which make this kind of ram-air parachutes superior for precision aerial delivery application. In contrast, wing-shaped configuration along with more design variables create a cumbersome design procedure for this type of parachute. Especially, when an affordable configuration is demanded, the design procedure will be a more important problem. In this respect, an innovative integrated design framework is proposed in which significant design aspects are considered so that the gliding parachute configuration can be optimiseoptimised through a bi-objective optimisation problem to find optimum cost for achievable gliding ranges. To do so, the configuration is defined with minimum required parameters and design space is constrained by performance and stability as significant design requirements to guarantee the feasibility of the solutions in practice. The objective functions are defined in terms of gliding characteristics and amount of materials for fabrication which are representative for maximum reachable stand-off distance and unit cost, respectively. As an effective numerical optimisation method, a niched multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to generate a pareto-optimal set for a specific payload mass whereas constraints are handled through a tournament selection process. Based on results, the provided pareto front can aid the designers in decision-making and trade-off between demanded objectives for a payload weight. The underlying design problem is solved using an all-at-once (AAO) approach and the design loop converges to favourable results in a reasonable time. Finally, as a comparative study, an optimiseoptimised affordable cargo parachute is proposed for the GPADS application in which the material cost is reduced by at least 25% with respect to an available low-cost gliding parachute with the same glide ratio.
Implementing REMIT: What a Legal Analysis Tells about the (Regulatory) Role of ACER
Authors: GODIN Jean-Théodore , POLET Manon , JAMAR DE BOLSÉE Arthur 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is to analyse the role granted to – or assumed by – the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (“ACER”) in relation to the implementation of Regulation 1227/20111 (“REMIT”), with a specific focus on the electricity market. It ultimately calls for a clarification of the status of ACER in the European energy regulatory framework.
HIV treatment is associated with a twofold higher probability of raised triglycerides: pooled analyses in 21 023 individuals in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ekoru K. , Young E. H. , Dillon D. G. , Gurdasani D. , Stehouwer N. , Faurholt-Jepsen D. , Levitt N. S. , Crowther N. J. , Nyirenda M. , Njelekela M. A. , Ramaiya K. , Nyan O. , Adewole O. O. , Anastos K. , Compostella C. , Dave J. A. , Fourie C. M. , Friis H. , Kruger I. M. , Longenecker C. T. , Maher D. P. , Mutimura E. , Ndhlovu C. E. , Praygod G. , Pefura Yone E. W. , Pujades-Rodriguez M. , Range N. , Sani M. U. , Sanusi M. , Schutte A. E. , Sliwa K. , Tien P. C. , Vorster E. H. , Walsh C. , Gareta D. , Mashili F. , Sobngwi E. , Adebamowo C. , Kamali A. , Seeley J. , Smeeth L. , Pillay D. , Motala A. A. , Kaleebu P. , Sandhu M. S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAnti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimes for HIV are associated with raised levels of circulating triglycerides (TGs) in western populations. However, there are limited data on the impact of ART on cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations.MethodsPooled analyses of 14 studies comprising 21 023 individuals, on whom relevant cardiometabolic risk factors (including TG), HIV and ART status were assessed between 2003 and 2014, in SSA. The association between ART and raised TG (>2.3 mmol/L) was analysed using regression models.FindingsAmong 10 615 individuals, ART was associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised TG (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.51–2.77, I2 = 45.2%). The associations between ART and raised blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, and other lipids were inconsistent across studies.InterpretationEvidence from this study confirms the association of ART with raised TG in SSA populations. Given the possible causal effect of raised TG on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evidence highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the impact of long term ART on CVD outcomes in SSA.
Reinforcement Parameter Effect on Properties of Three-Phase Composites
Authors: Pan J. , Bian L. , Gao M. , Liu W. , Zhao Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, a micromechanics model has been proposed for predicting the effects of particle size and aggregation on elastic properties of nanocomposites, and the interphase between the particle and matrix is also taken into account. Inherent characteristics of nanoparticle, such as small size and high surface area ratio, make nanoparticle in a state of unstable energy and easy to agglomerate in matrix. The analytical expressions for the effective elastic modulus of nanocomposites are derived, which can consider the effect of particle agglomeration. The dispersion state or degree of agglomeration of nanoparticle and the thickness and stiffness of interphase are known to have a significant influence on nanocomposites. The results show that the increase of particle radius and agglomeration volume fractions reduces the elastic stiffness of nanocomposites. Moreover, the composite reinforcement can be improved by increases of interphase thickness and stiffness.
Organizational learning and Gen Y employees’ affective commitment: The mediating role of competency development and moderating role of strategic leadership
Authors: Naim Mohammad F , Lenka Usha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study is aimed at investigating the impact of strategic leadership on the affective commitment of Gen Y employees working in the Indian IT industry. Also, the link between organizational learning and affective commitment is examined alongwith the effect of competency development in mediating the relationship between them. A primary data were collected from a sample of 356 Gen Y employees (born between 1980 and 2000) from IT industry in Delhi, NCR India. Data analysis was carried out using CFA and an SPSS macro named PROCESS. Findings reveal that organizational learning has a direct influence on the affective commitment of Gen Y employees and competency development mediates the relationship between the two; also strategic leadership positively moderates the linkage of organizational learning and competency development. This study contributes to the literature on strategic leadership, organizational learning, competency development, and affective commitment.
Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and differentiation of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Thousand Island Lake, China, based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences
Authors: Lv K. , Wang J.-R. , Li T.-Q. , Zhou J. , Gu J.-Q. , Zhou G.-X. , Xu Z.-H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThousand Island Lake (TIL) is a typical fragmented landscape and an ideal model to study ecological effects of fragmentation. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of 23 island populations of Dendrolimus punctatus in TIL were sequenced, 141 haplotypes being identified. The number of haplotypes increased significantly with the increase in island area and shape index, whereas no significant correlation was detected between three island attributes (area, shape and isolation) and haplotype diversity. However, the correlation with number of haplotypes was no longer significant when the ‘outlier’ island JSD (the largest island) was not included. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. Geographic isolation did not obstruct the gene flow among D. punctatus populations, which might be because of the high dispersal capacity of this pine moth. Fragmentation resulted in the conversion of large and continuous habitats into isolated, small and insular patches, which was the primary effect on the genetic diversity of D. punctatus in TIL. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that habitat fragmentation reduced the biological genetic diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection.