bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elinin and Blood Coagulation
Authors: Vulpis Nicoletta , Vulpis G , Santoro C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInvestigations were performed on the effects of elinin on blood coagulation. It was found that elinin exerts significant anticoagulant activity. This was demonstrated by an one-stage re calcification test, prothrombin consumption, thromboplastin and thrombin generation. The conclusion was that the anticoagulant activity of EL is probably due to the high molecular weight of its molecule.
Self-Coagulogram
Authors: Berkarda Bülent , Akokan Gönül , Derman Ugur 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA curve named “self-coagulogram” and obtained by means of the “self thromboplastin-prothrombin time” is described. The beginning of the curve reflects clot formation dynamics, while the tail reflects the fibrinolytic activity. The self-coagulogram helps the detection of hemorrhagic syndromes, the evaluation of anticoagulant therapy and fibrinolytic activity, natural or induced. It is a very simple and practical method.
Microrheology of DNA hydrogels
Authors: Xing Zhongyang , Caciagli Alessio , Cao Tianyang , Stoev Iliya , Zupkauskas Mykolas , O’Neill Thomas , Wenzel Tobias , Lamboll Robin , Liu Dongsheng , Eiser Erika 
Published: July 2018

Significance
While widely known as the molecule of life, DNA is also an amazing building block at the nanoscale, since it allows us to design and program the structure and dynamics of functional nanomaterials. We exploit the programmability of DNA to achieve control over the rheology of self-assembled hydrogels, which have elastic or viscous behavior (similar to that of slime) that is finely regulated by temperature. Using microrheology to investigate the mechanical properties of DNA hydrogels at the microlength scale, we map the viscoelastic response over a broad range of frequencies and temperatures. The deep understanding in the fundamental physics provides a way to design DNA-based materials with precise control over the structure stability and rigidity at molecular level.
Nonverbal predication in Kari’nja (Cariban, Suriname)
Authors: Sapién Racquel-María 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the forms and functions of nonverbal predication in Kari’nja (Cariban, Suriname). Previous descriptions of nonverbal predication in Kari’nja are limited to a single copular form, and make only passing mention of a subset of functions. Kari’nja employs the copula, as well as apposition (without a copula), and a verbal copula. Formally, each of the three nonverbal predicate structures differs in terms of person marking, negation, TAM, number, interrogative forms, and the types of complements it permits. In addition to structural characteristics, each construction differs in terms of which functional categories it encodes. This paper describes the formal properties and functional motivation for using each available construction in Kari’nja. It thereby provides a more complete analysis of the Kari’nja system specifically, examines the typological characteristics of nonverbal predication more generally, and contributes to our understanding of the ways in which systems can vary and change.
Generation of (2-Nitroethyl)benzene and related benzenoids from L-Phenylalanine; flower scents of the Japanese Loquat Eriobotrya japonica [Rosales: Rosaceae]
Authors: Kuwahara Yasumasa , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
(2-Nitroethyl)benzene, methyl 4-methoxybenzoate and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde have been known as major scent components in flowers of the Japanese loquat Eriobotrya japonica [Rosales: rosaceae], together with 13 related benzenoids, including Z- and E-2-phenylacetaldoxime and benzyl alcohol. The scents air-trapped from a flowering panicle during 24 h incubation with d8-L-phenylalanine were composed of 15 deuterium labeled compounds {d6-styrene, d5-benzaldehyde, d7-2-phenylacetaldehyde, methyl d5-benzoate, d7 −2-phenylethanol, d7-2-phenylacetonitrile, d4-1,4-dimethoxybenzene, d7-Z-2-phenylacetaldoxime, d4-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, d7-E-2-phenylacetaldoxime, d4-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, d7-(2-nitroethyl)benzene, methyl d4-4-methoxybenzoate, methyl d6-cinnamate and ethyl d4-4-methoxybenzoate}. On the other hand, hexane extracts of the flower petal incubate with a mixture of d5-Z- and d5-E-2-phenylacetaldoxime after 24 h indicated generation of six d5-labeld components {d5-benzaldehyde, d5-benzyl alcohol, d5-2-phenylacetaldehyde, methyl d5-benzoate, d5-2-phenylethanol, and d5-(2-nitroethyl)benzene}. By comparing those results, (2-nitroethyl)benzene was concluded as a product directly generated from a mixture of Z- and E-2-phenylacetaldoxime together with six minor benzenoids, while two major compounds (4-methoxybenzaldehyde and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate) together with three minors from L-phenylalanine, presumably via L-tyrosine. The other two minor components were derived from L-phenylalanine.
What is ‘the best and most perfect virtue’?
Authors: Baker Samuel H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe can clarify a certain difficulty with regard to the phrase ‘the best and most perfect virtue’ in Aristotle’s definition of the human good in Nicomachean Ethics I 7 if we make use of two related distinctions: Donnellan’s attributive–referential distinction and Kripke’s distinction between speaker’s reference and semantic reference. I suggest that Aristotle is using the phrase ‘the best and most perfect virtue’ attributively, not referentially, and further that even though the phrase may refer to a specific virtue (semantic reference), Aristotle is not using the phrase to refer to a specific virtue (speaker’s reference).
The Role of Low-level First Language Skills in Second Language Reading, Reading-While-Listening and Listening Performance: A Study of Young Dyslexic and Non-dyslexic Language Learners
Authors: Kormos Judit , Košak Babuder Milena , Pižorn Karmen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Our study investigated the differences in low-level L1 skills and L2 reading, listening, and reading-while-listening outcomes between young dyslexic and non-dyslexic Slovenian learners of English. The research, in which children completed four language assessment tasks in three modes in a carefully counter-balanced order, also examined the relationship between low-level L1 skills and L2 reading, listening, and reading-while-listening performance. The findings show that, in Slovenian, which is a transparent language, dyslexic students are behind their non-dyslexic peers in word-level L1 skills after five years of literacy instruction. The results also call attention to the fact that students with weak L2 reading and listening skills might not always be at risk of, or diagnosed as having, dyslexia. Importantly, the findings suggest that the accuracy and speed of real and non-word reading in L1 might serve as useful indicators of L2 reading difficulties of young language learners. Furthermore, L1 dictation tests were also found to yield diagnostic information on young L2 learners’ listening and reading-while-listening problems.
Utilization of dried and long-term stored polyacrylamide gels for the advanced proteomic profiling of mitochondrial contact sites from rat liver
Authors: Murphy Sandra , Henry Michael , Meleady Paula , Ohlendieck Kay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFollowing subcellular fractionation, the complexity of proteins derived from a particular cellular compartment is often evaluated by gel electrophoretic analysis. For the proteomic cataloguing of these distinct protein populations and their biochemical characterization, gel electrophoretic protein separation can be conveniently combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Here we describe a gel-enhanced liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS)/MS approach with a new bioanalytical focus on the proteomic profiling of mitochondrial contact sites from rat liver using the highly sensitive Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer for optimum protein identification following extraction from dried and long-term stored gels. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 964 protein species in the mitochondrial contact site fraction, whereby 459 proteins were identified by ≥3 unique peptides. This included mitochondrial components of the supramolecular complexes that form the ATP synthase, the respiratory chain, ribosomal subunits and the cytochrome P450 system, as well as crucial components of the translocase complexes translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) and translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) of the two mitochondrial membranes. Proteomics also identified contact site markers, such as glutathione transferase, monoamine oxidase and the pore protein voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC)-1. Hence, this report demonstrates that the GeLC-MS/MS method can be used to study complex mixtures of proteins that have been embedded and stored in dried polyacrylamide gels for a long period of time. Careful re-swelling and standard in-gel digestion is suitable to produce peptide profiles from old gels that can be used to extract sophisticated proteomic maps and enable the subsequent bioinformatics analysis of the distribution of protein function and the determination of potential protein clustering within the contact site system.
Clinker: visualizing fusion genes detected in RNA-seq data
Authors: Schmidt Breon M , Davidson Nadia M , Hawkins Anthony D K , Bartolo Ray , Majewski Ian J , Ekert Paul G , Oshlack Alicia 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Genomic profiling efforts have revealed a rich diversity of oncogenic fusion genes. While there are many methods for identifying fusion genes from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data, visualizing these transcripts and their supporting reads remains challenging.

Findings
Clinker is a bioinformatics tool written in Python, R, and Bpipe that leverages the superTranscript method to visualize fusion genes. We demonstrate the use of Clinker to obtain interpretable visualizations of the RNA-seq data that lead to fusion calls. In addition, we use Clinker to explore multiple fusion transcripts with novel breakpoints within the P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion gene in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Conclusions
Clinker is freely available software that allows visualization of fusion genes and the RNA-seq data used in their discovery.
Case-based review: ependymomas in adults
Authors: Cachia David , Johnson Derek R , Kaufmann Timothy J , Lowe Stephen , Andersen Samuel , Olar Adriana , Cooper Samuel Lewis , Frankel Bruce M , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ependymomas are rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults. They occur most commonly in the spinal cord, and have classically been graded histologically into World Health Organization (WHO) grades I, II, or III based on the level of anaplasia. Recent data are showing that genetic heterogeneity occurs within the same histological subgroup and that ependymomas arising from different CNS locations have different molecular signatures. This has renewed interest in developing targeting therapies based on molecular profiles especially given the variable outcomes with radiation and the poor results with cytotoxic agents. In this paper, we present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a classic presentation of spinal cord ependymoma and discuss the current histopathological and molecular classification for ependymomas as well as current guidelines for patient management.
Association between early prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and birth defects: evidence from newborns in Xi’an, China
Authors: Wang Lingling , Xiang Xiaomei , Mi Baibing , Song Hui , Dong Min , Zhang Shuiping , Bi Yuxue , Zhao Yaling , Li Qiang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Li , Yan Hong , Wang Duolao , Dang Shaonong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate an association between birth defects and exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particles ≤10 μm in an aerodynamic diameter (PM10) during early pregnancy in Xi’an, China.

Methods
Birth defect data were from the Birth Defects Monitoring System of Xi’an, and data on ambient air pollutants during 2010–15 were from the Xi’an Environmental Protection Bureau. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the relationship between birth defects and ambient air pollutants.

Results
Among the 8865 cases with birth defects analyzed, the overall incidence of birth defects was 117.33 per 10 000 infants. Ambient air pollutant exposure during the first trimester increased the risk of birth defects by 10.3% per 10 μg/m3 increment of NO2 and 3.4% per 10 μg/m3 increment of PM10. No significant association was found between birth defects and SO2. Moreover, NO2 increased risk of neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, congenital polydactyly, cleft palate, digestive system abnormalities and gastroschisis, and PM10 was associated with congenital heart disease and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Conclusions
Chinese women should avoid exposure to high levels of NO2 and PM10 during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
Varieties of top incomes?
Authors: Hager Sandy Brian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFocusing on the advanced political economies, this article critically reviews the recent scholarship on the evolution of top incomes over the past few decades. The existing literature shows that the determination of top incomes is complex, multifaceted and bound up with factors associated with both politics and economics. Technological change and globalization are vital sources of change in contemporary capitalism, but the continued diversity in top income shares across the advanced capitalist world suggests that these forces alone cannot account for the empirical patterns. Instead, there is compelling evidence that power and politics, including government policy, trade union and left party strength, institutions and financialization, all play a pivotal role in regulating distributive outcomes. It is argued that future research will require a plurality of methodological approaches in order to clarify the complex causal process that drives top-end income concentration.
Organizational factors related to the adoption of an injury prevention program by U.S. children’s hospitals
Authors: Weaver Nancy L , Buskirk Trent D , Jupka Keri , Williams Janice 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Most childhood injuries can be prevented with the correct use of safety devices and appropriate supervision. Children’s hospitals are well positioned to promote these behaviors with evidence-based programming; however, barriers exist to adopting such programs. The purpose of this study was to describe organizational and administrative factors related to the adoption of an efficacious injury prevention (IP) program by children’s hospitals in the USA. IP specialists at 232 U.S. children’s hospitals were invited to complete a baseline survey, and then offered Safe N’ Sound (SNS), an efficacious computer IP program targeting parents of young children. Following this promotion period, specialists were surveyed again to assess their level of SNS adoption. Organizational and administrative factors associated with SNS adoption were identified using conditional random forest models (n = 93). Random forests identified a set of six predictors with potential utility for classifying hospitals as having SNS adoption activity or not; the final pruned classification tree indicated that four of these were best able to differentiate hospitals with and without adoption activity—having a medical director, having other hospital units that provided IP programming, the number of requests the IP unit received within the past year, and the belief of administrative leaders in their responsibility to develop programming all influence decisions. Hospitals without a medical director were most likely to demonstrate adoption activity. Medical directors, or other organizational leaders, can facilitate the adoption process for evidence-based intervention, but may need to be engaged intentionally when disseminating new products, tools, or approaches.
An Evidence-Based Scoring System for Prioritizing Mosaic Aneuploid Embryos Following Preimplantation Genetic Screening
Authors: Romana Grati Francesca , Gallazzi Gloria , Branca Lara , Maggi Federico , Simoni Giuseppe , Yaron Yuval 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2018;36:442–449)
Human blastocyst embryos after preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) are comprised of mostly euploid embryos and some mosaic embryos. When there are no euploid cells following PGS, only mosaic embryos are available for transfer.
Association of the Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Provision With Prenatal Care Use and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Daw Jamie R. , Sommers Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from JAMA 2018;319:579–587)
The dependent coverage provision of the Affordable Care Act, implemented in September 2010, allows young adults to remain on their parent’s health insurance plan until their 26th birthday. Studies have found that this provision increased preventative care, expanded insurance, and increased self-reported health among young adults.
Patient Perspectives on the Use of Categories of Conditions for Decision Making About Genomic Carrier Screening Results
Authors: Kraft Stephanie A. , McMullen Carmit K. , Porter Kathryn M. , Kauffman Tia L. , Davis James V. , Schneider Jennifer L. , Goddard Katrina A. B. , Wilfond Benjamin S. 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Med Genet 2018;176A:376–385)
Rapid, affordable genome sequencing in reproductive medicine continues to increase in availability and popularity, with some commercial laboratories now offering expanded carrier panels for all patients. This trend presents clinicians with new challenges in presentation and supporting patients’ decisions as they decide whether to receive expanded, genome-scale carrier screening.
Five and 10 Minute Apgar Scores and Risks of Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy: Population Based Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Persson Martina , Razaz Neda , Tedroff Kristina , Joseph K. S. , Cnattingius Sven 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from BMJ 2018;360:k207)
Population-based studies have found an increased risk of epilepsy and cerebral palsy (CP) associated with infants found to have a low Apgar score. Research has found a temporal association, as a low Apgar score at 5 minutes has been found to confer a higher risk than a correspondingly low Apgar score at 1 minute.
Critical Role of the Surgeon–Anesthesiologist Relationship for Patient Safety
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Teamwork is now recognized as important for safe, high-quality perioperative care. The relationship in each surgeon–anesthesiologist dyad is perhaps the most critical element of overall team performance. A well-functioning relationship is conducive to safe, effective care. A dysfunctional relationship can promote unsafe conditions and contribute to an adverse outcome. Yet, there is little research about this relationship, about what works well or not well, what can be done to optimize it. This article explores functional and dysfunctional aspects of the relationship, identifies some negative stereotypes each profession has of the other and calls for research to better characterize and understand how to improve working relationships. Suggestions are given for what an ideal relationship might be and actions that surgeons and anesthesiologists can take to improve how they work together. The goal is safer care for patients, and more joy and meaning in work for surgeons and anesthesiologists.
Standardized Unloading of Respiratory Muscles during Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
Authors: Campoccia Jalde Francesca , Jalde Fredrik , Wallin Mats K. E. B. , Suarez-Sipmann Fernando , Radell Peter J. , Nelson David , Eksborg Staffan , Sackey Peter V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Currently, there is no standardized method to set the support level in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The primary aim was to explore the feasibility of titrating NAVA to specific diaphragm unloading targets, based on the neuroventilatory efficiency (NVE) index. The secondary outcome was to investigate the effect of reduced diaphragm unloading on distribution of lung ventilation.

Methods
This is a randomized crossover study between pressure support and NAVA at different diaphragm unloading at a single neurointensive care unit. Ten adult patients who had started weaning from mechanical ventilation completed the study. Two unloading targets were used: 40 and 60%. The NVE index was used to guide the titration of the assist in NAVA. Electrical impedance tomography data, blood-gas samples, and ventilatory parameters were collected.

Results
The median unloading was 43% (interquartile range 32, 60) for 40% unloading target and 60% (interquartile range 47, 69) for 60% unloading target. NAVA with 40% unloading led to more dorsal ventilation (center of ventilation at 55% [51, 56]) compared with pressure support (52% [49, 56]; P = 0.019). No differences were found in oxygenation, CO2, and respiratory parameters. The electrical activity of the diaphragm was higher during NAVA with 40% unloading than in pressure support.

Conclusions
In this pilot study, NAVA could be titrated to different diaphragm unloading levels based on the NVE index. Less unloading was associated with greater diaphragm activity and improved ventilation of the dependent lung regions.
Humeral Head Ossification Predicts Peak Height Velocity Timing and Percentage of Growth Remaining in Children
Authors: Li Don T. , Cui Jonathan J. , DeVries Stephen , Nicholson Allen D. , Li Eric , Petit Logan , Kahan Joseph B. , Sanders James O. , Liu Raymond W. , Cooperman Daniel R. , Smith Brian G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Understanding skeletal maturity is important in the management of idiopathic scoliosis. Iliac apophysis, triradiate cartilage, hand, and calcaneal ossification patterns have previously been described to assess both peak height velocity (PHV) and percent growth remaining; however, these markers may not be present on standard spine radiographs. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel maturity assessment method based on proximal humeral epiphyseal ossification patterns.

Methods:
Ninety-four children were followed at least annually throughout growth with serial radiographs and physical examinations. The PHV of each child was determined by measuring the change in height observed at each visit and adjusting for the interval between visits. Percent growth remaining was determined by comparing current to final standing height. The humeral head periphyseal ossification was grouped into stages by 8 investigators ranging from medical student to attending surgeon.

Results:
The morphologic changes involving the proximal humeral physis were categorized into 5 stages based on development of the humeral head epiphysis and fusion of the lateral margin of the physis. Our novel classification scheme was well distributed around the PHV and reliably correlated with age of peak growth and percent growth remaining with >70% nonoverlapping interquartile ranges. Furthermore, the scheme was extremely reliable with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.96 and 0.95 for intraobserver and interobserver comparisons, respectively.

Conclusions:
The humeral head classification system described here was strongly correlated with age of PHV as well as percentage growth remaining. Furthermore, the staging system was extremely reliable in both interobserver and intraobserver correlations suggesting that it can be easily generalized.

Clinical Relevance:
As a view of the humeral head is almost always present on standard scoliosis spine x-ray at our institution, our classification can be easily adapted by surgeons to gain additional insight into skeletal maturity of patients with scoliosis. We believe that our method will significantly improve the evaluation of the child with scoliosis without increasing radiation exposure, time, or cost.