bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection is the chief cause of mortality and non‐death censored graft loss in the first year after renal transplantation in a resource limited population: A single centre study
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vikraman , Agarwal Sanjay K , Aggarwal Sandeep , Mahajan Sandeep , Bhowmik Dipankar , Bagchi Soumita 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimFew studies have assessed the impact of infections after renal transplantation (RTX) in low and middle income countries. This single centre study aimed to delineate the profile and impact of infections requiring hospitalization (IRH) occurring in the first year after RTX in India.MethodPatients who underwent RTX between July 2012 and June 2015 were followed up for 12 months after transplantation.Results60.2% of the 387 patients studied had at least one IRH and total 492 infections were diagnosed. The most common were urinary tract (30.3%), gastrointestinal (17.1%) and pulmonary (11.2%) infections. Viral aetiology (33.3%) was most frequent, followed by bacterial (23.6%), parasitic (5.1%), tuberculosis (4.5%), and fungal infections (3.9%). 86.4% deaths were due to infections. One year patient and graft survival were inferior among recipients with IRH compared to those with no IRH: 91.8% vs. 98.1% (log rank = 0.010) and 90.1% vs. 97.4% (log rank = 0.006) respectively. Average monthly income per family member <5000 Rupees (75 USD), NODAT, and acute rejection were independent risk factors for IRH.ConclusionThe profile of IRH is unique involving opportunistic, community‐acquired and endemic infections seen in this country. It is the predominant cause of mortality and graft loss in the first year after RTX. Poor economic status is an important determinant of IRH in our population.
Storage lipid accumulation is controlled by photoperiodic signal acting via regulators of growth cessation and dormancy in hybrid aspen
Authors: Grimberg Åsa , Lager Ida , Street Nathaniel R. , Robinson Kathryn M. , Marttila Salla , Mähler Niklas , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

The signalling pathways that control seasonal modulation of carbon metabolism in perennial plants are poorly understood. Using genetic, metabolic and natural variation approaches, we identify factors mediating photoperiodic control of storage lipid accumulation in the model tree hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides).

We characterized lipid accumulation in transgenic hybrid aspen with impaired photoperiodic and hormonal responses. Genome‐wide association mapping was performed in Swedish aspen (P. tremula) genotypes to determine genetic loci associated with genotype variation in lipid content.

Our data show that the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates in cambial meristem and pith rays of aspen in response to photoperiodic signal controlling growth cessation and dormancy induction. We show that photoperiodic control of TAG accumulation is mediated by the FLOWERING LOCUS T/CONSTANS module, which also controls the induction of growth cessation. Hormonal and chromatin remodelling pathways also contribute to TAG accumulation by photoperiodic signal. Natural variation exists in lipid accumulation that is controlled by input from multiple loci.

Our data shed light on how the control of storage metabolism is temporally coordinated with growth cessation and dormancy by photoperiodic signal, and reveals that storage lipid accumulation between seeds and perennating organs of trees may involve distinct regulatory circuits.
Stress and the psyche–brain–immune network in psychiatric diseases based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology: a concise review
Authors: Bottaccioli Anna Giulia , Bottaccioli Francesco , Minelli Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the last decades, psychoneuroendocrineimmunology research has made relevant contributions to the fields of neuroscience, psychobiology, epigenetics, molecular biology, and clinical research by studying the effect of stress on human health and highlighting the close interrelations between psyche, brain, and bodily systems. It is now well recognized that chronic stress can alter the physiological cross‐talk between brain and biological systems, leading to long‐lasting maladaptive effects (allostatic overload) on the nervous, immune, endocrine, and metabolic systems, which compromises stress resiliency and health. Stressful conditions in early life have been associated with profound alterations in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in emotion regulation and the salience network, showing relevant overlap with different psychiatric conditions. This paper provides a summary of the available literature concerning the notable effects of stress on the brain and immune system. We highlight the role of epigenetics as a mechanistic pathway mediating the influences of the social and physical environment on brain structure and connectivity, the immune system, and psycho‐physical health in psychiatric diseases. We also summarize the evidence regarding the effects of stress management techniques (mainly psychotherapy and meditation practice) on clinical outcomes, brain neurocircuitry, and immune‐inflammatory network in major psychiatric diseases.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: latest insights from diagnosis to therapy
Authors: Schoepfer Alain , Blanchard Carine , Dawson Heather , Lucendo Alfredo , Mauro Aurelio , Ribi Camillo , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Savarino Edoardo V. , Penagini Roberto 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represents a chronic, local immune‐mediated esophageal disease, characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil‐predominant inflammation. Other systemic and local causes of esophageal eosinophilia should be excluded. Clinical manifestations or pathologic data should not be interpreted in isolation. EoE was first described as a distinct disease entity in 1993. Most patients are diagnosed with underlying food allergies. The first diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines were published in 2007 with a first update in 2011. In 2017, new international guidelines were published based on the GRADE methodology. These guidelines provide, among many other topics, insights on the role of proton pump inhibitor‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia. Over the last two decades, considerable progress was made by stakeholders regarding the understanding of EoE's pathogenesis, genetic background, natural history, allergy workup, standardization of assessment of disease activity, evaluation of minimally invasive diagnostic tools, and new therapeutic approaches. This brief review provides further insights into latest diagnostic and therapeutic advances.
Nonerosive reflux disease: clinical concepts
Authors: Gyawali C. Prakash , Azagury Dan E. , Chan Walter W. , Chandramohan Servarayan M. , Clarke John O. , de Bortoli Nicola , Figueredo Edgar , Fox Mark , Jodorkovsky Daniela , Lazarescu Adriana , Malfertheiner Peter , Martinek Jan , Murayama Kenric M. , Penagini Roberto , Savarino Edoardo , Shetler Katerina P. , Stein Ellen , Tatum Roger P. , Wu Justin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEsophageal symptoms can arise from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as other mucosal and motor processes, structural disease, and functional esophageal syndromes. GERD is the most common esophageal disorder, but diagnosis may not be straightforward when symptoms persist despite empiric acid suppressive therapy and when mucosal erosions are not seen on endoscopy (as for nonerosive reflux disease, NERD). Esophageal physiological tests (ambulatory pH or pH‐impedance monitoring and manometry) can be of value in defining abnormal reflux burden and reflux–symptom association. NERD diagnosed on the basis of abnormal reflux burden on ambulatory reflux monitoring is associated with similar symptom response from antireflux therapy for erosive esophagitis. Acid suppression is the mainstay of therapy, and antireflux surgery has a definitive role in the management of persisting symptoms attributed to NERD, especially when the esophagogastric junction is compromised. Adjunctive approaches and complementary therapy may be of additional value in management. In this review, we describe the evaluation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of NERD.
Prevalence and effect factors of dementia among the community elderly in Chongqing, China
Authors: Deng Jing , Cao Cheng , Jiang Yi , Peng Bin , Wang Tingting , Yan Ke , Lian Jingxi , Wang Zengzi 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundChina is an ageing society, with around 150 million people aged 60 years or older. The prevalence of dementia will increase by more than 100% in the coming 20 years. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and effects of dementia among the community elderly in Chongqing, China.MethodsCluster sampling was adopted. A sample of elderly individuals aged 60 years and older was extracted as research subjects from three counties within Chongqing, China. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted through a general information questionnaire, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered. The investigated data were tested by χ2, and the effect factors of dementia were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsWe distributed 1850 questionnaire, and the response rate was 100%. However, only 1781 questionnaires were able to be used in the study. Of the 1781 elderly respondents, 186 (10.44%) presented with dementia. Our findings revealed that differences in regions, age, marital status, education level, occupation, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, freshwater fish consumption, exercise, intensive labour, mah‐jong‐ and chess‐playing habits, media consumption (i.e. watching TV, listening to the radio, or reading the newspaper), body mass index, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression were statistically significant in the prevalence of dementia (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to multiple logistic regression analyses, living in a rural area, older age, being single, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression are risk factors for dementia. In contrast, cessation of smoking, freshwater fish consumption, moderate or frequent exercise, intensive labour, daily housework, outdoor activities, media consumption, and social activities are protective factors against dementia among community elderly in Chongqing, China.
Impacts of sea star predation on mussel bed restoration
Authors: Wilcox Mark , Jeffs Andrew 
Published: May 2018

Predation by sea stars has the potential to cause elevated levels of mortality in reestablished populations of bivalves relative to levels of recruitment. Recent efforts to restore beds of the nearly extirpated green‐lipped mussel within the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, resulted in high abundances of sea stars occupying those beds and it is unknown whether predation poses a potential limitation to the success of restoration in this bivalve species. The contribution of predation by sea stars to the mortality of mussels across four experimental mussel beds over a 2‐year period was estimated using data from regular assessments of sea star abundance and an experimentally determined consumption rate of sea stars upon mussels. In addition, the potential size selection of mussels by sea stars was assessed to determine if large sea stars selected for recent settlers. Sea stars' abundance within the mussel beds grew to an average of 0.57 sea stars/m2 within 9 months, remaining at similar levels throughout the study. These predominantly large sea stars were estimated to have consumed 30.1% of the mussels over a 25‐month period, representing a contribution of 40.4% of the mussel mortality. Sea stars predominantly selected for larger mussels, and their predation likely contributes little to any lack in mussel recruitment. Sea star predation is clearly a limiting factor on the survival of transplanted adult mussels and the present study highlights the need to continually assess predation risk to determine if remediation is necessary for the persistence of the restored beds.
Objective physical activity levels in people with multiple sclerosis: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Casey B. , Coote S. , Galvin R. , Donnelly A. 
Published: May 2018

To quantify physical activity (PA) levels in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) using objective measurement and to establish using a meta‐analytical approach if pwMS are less active than the general population. A systematic search of eight databases was conducted. Cohort and intervention studies which included an objective measure of PA were included. Objective PA outputs of steps per day and minutes of moderate‐vigorous activity (MVPA) per day were extracted from the MS studies and the published NHANES dataset. Meta‐analysis was used to compare the differences between the groups for these parametric outcomes. A general population sample from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States of America was used as a comparative group. The systematic search resulted in 32 papers (n = 2 randomized control trials, n = 30 cohort studies). A total of 3 762 pwMS were included. The sample was largely female (n = 3 118, 82.8%) and ambulatory with/without use of an aid (n = 31 studies). There were significant differences between the MS and the published NHANES comparative group with respect to 1) steps per day [mean difference: −3845 (−4120.17, −3569.83), P < .0001, n = 10 studies] and 2) minutes of MVPA per day [mean difference: 9.00 (−12.5, −5.4), P < .0001, n = 3 studies], indicating pwMS are less physically active than the NHANES sample. Results suggest that pwMS are less physically active than a general population across PA outputs of steps per day and minutes of MVPA per day. There is a need to increase PA levels among pwMS.
Retrobulbar vs peribulbar regional anesthesia techniques using bupivacaine in dogs
Authors: Shilo‐Benjamini Yael , Pascoe Peter J. , Maggs David J. , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Strom Ann R. , Good Kathryn L. , Thomasy Sara M. , Kass Philip H. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of retrobulbar anesthesia (RBA) and peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) in dogs.Animal studiedSix adult mixed‐breed dogs (18‐24 kg).ProceduresIn a randomized, masked, crossover trial with a 10‐day washout period, each dog was sedated with intravenously administered dexmedetomidine and administered 0.5% bupivacaine:iopamidol (4:1) as RBA (2 mL via a ventrolateral site) or PBA (5 mL divided equally between ventrolateral and dorsomedial sites). The contralateral eye acted as control. Injectate distribution was evaluated by computed tomography. Following intramuscularly administered atipamezole, corneal and periocular skin sensation, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular reflexes, and appearance were evaluated for 24 hours. Comparisons were performed with mixed‐effects linear regression (IOP) or the exact Wilcoxon signed rank test (scores). Significance was set at P ≤ .05.ResultsInjectate distribution was intraconal in 2/6 RBA‐ and 4/6 PBA‐injected eyes. Eyes undergoing PBA had significantly reduced lateral, ventral, and dorsal periocular skin sensation for 2‐3 hours, and significantly reduced corneal sensitivity for 4 hours, relative to control eyes. Chemosis and exophthalmos occurred in 33%‐40% of eyes undergoing RBA and 83%‐100% eyes undergoing PBA but resolved within 14 hours. Anterior uveitis developed in 2/6 and 1/6 eyes of RBA and PBA, respectively, of them corneal ulcer developed in one eye of each treatment. Both resolved 1‐3 days following medical treatment.ConclusionsPeribulbar injection produced notable anesthesia more reliably than did retrobulbar injection. Both techniques may produce adverse effects, although the uveitis/ulcer could have resulted from the contrast agent used.
Knowledge, attitudes and risk perception surrounding blood transfusion in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Charles K. S. , Metivier K. S. , Sammy S. , Labban M. , Rudder M. , Singh S. , Reginald A. , Ramoutar S. , Legall G. , Pooransingh S. , Chantry A. D. 
Published: May 2018

Background and objectivesTrinidad and Tobago is a developing country with a hospital‐based, replacement blood donation system, low annual donation rate and high frequency of donor transfusion transmissible infections. Previous studies suggest a need for more information to improve total donations and encourage conversion to voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation. The aim of this study was to investigate public knowledge and perceptions about receiving blood to derive information for designing a safe blood donation campaign.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey was administered to a non‐randomly selected sample of adults at seven health centres. Participants were surveyed for demographics, knowledge of the local transfusion service, confidence in safety checks and attitudes to blood receipt.ResultsOf 400 respondents, a substantial proportion (38·2%) was unaware of inadequate blood bank stock. Only 18·4% correctly identified the method of blood donor recruitment in the country. Only 1·2% of participants were able to identify all from a list of six scenarios, in which blood is transfused. Although 86% would accept transfusion, most (84%) of these had concerns about acquiring infections and hospital‐related activities. Young persons and females had higher risk perception (P = 0·026 and P = 0·041). There was a positive association between confidence in the safety of blood donation processes and willingness to accept transfusion.ConclusionA blood donor education programme should include all processes from donor recruitment to component administration to reduce the perceived risk of receiving blood in Trinidad and Tobago.
Effects of 8 Weeks of Plyometric Exercise on Certain Physiological Parameters and Performance of Swimmers
Authors: Gencer Yildirim Gokhan , Igdir Emre Can , Sahin Serdar , Eris Fatih 
Published: May 2018

In this study, it is aimed to review the effects of 8 week plyometric exercises on certain physiological parameters and freestyle swimming performance of swimmers of age 10-11 who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. Study group has been created by 24 male volunteer swimmers who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. 24 volunteer athletes aged 10-11, who are licenced swimmers for two years and who exercise regularly 5 days a week have been selected for the study. The athletes are randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 12. Throughout the study, in addition to swimming exercises, experimental group is scheduled to 3 days a week plyometric exercise program. Control group is not given any additional exercise except from the swimming exercises. It is seen that the obtained data does not show normal distribution and non-parametric tests of Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Test are used for data analysis. Significance level is taken as p<0,05. As per obtained data, pretest and post test data of male swimmers of experimental group show that horizontal and vertical leaps, anaerobic power, 30m sprint, hand grip right and left, 25 and 50 m freestyle swimming parameters showed statistical significant difference; whereas for control group, weight, height, body mass index, anaerobic power and right and left hand grip force parameters showed statistical significant difference (p<0,05). When the pretest and posttests of experimental and control groups are compared, only vertical leap parameter showed significant difference in favor of the experimental group (p<0,05) and for the other parameters, no statistical significant difference is seen (p>0,05). As a result, it is seen that the 8 week plyometric exercise has a significant effect on vertical leap and even though not statistically significant, it is pondered that it has a positive effect on freestyle swimming duration of experimental group, compared to that of control group.
Effectiveness of behavioral and psychosocial interventions for continuous positive airway pressure adherence in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Chaiard Jindarat , Tungpunkom Patraporn 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of behavioral and psychosocial interventions on adherence to continuous positive airway pressure among patients 18 years and over with obstructive sleep apnea.
Mapping the implementation of evidence-based nutritional management in primary health care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Oliveira Nara Leticia Zandonadi de , Agreli Heloise Lima Fernandes , Matsumoto Karen dos Santos , Peduzzi Marina 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:The objective of this scoping review is to systematically map and categorize the wide variety of interventions and programs that might be classified under the umbrella term “evidence-based nutritional management in primary healthcare”. The development of this scoping review will provide a better understanding of how evidence-based nutritional management has been implemented by healthcare professionals in primary health care settings, especially of barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based nutritional management. Therefore, three research questions were chosen to guide the scoping review:
Health-related quality of life of young people and adults with primary or recurrent episodes of genital herpes: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Bennett Clare , Rebafka Anne , Carrier Judith , Edwards Deborah , Jones Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

Review question:
The review questions are:
The specific objectives are:
This mixed methods review seeks to develop an aggregated synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data on the HRQOL implications of genital herpes for the individual in order to derive conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice and policy decision making.
Effectiveness and harms of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of delirium in adults in intensive care units post cardiac surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Leigh Vivienne , Tufanaru Catalin , Elliott Rosalind 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:
The review objective is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness and harms of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of delirium in adults in intensive care units (ICU) after cardiac surgery.
The specific review question is: What is the effectiveness and what are the harms of pharmacological interventions in relation to the duration and severity of delirium episodes, length of stay in ICU, length of stay in hospital, functional capacity and quality of life and mortality for critically ill adult patients treated in intensive care after cardiac surgery?
Components, skills and training for conducting initial telephone consultations in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cooper Kay , Alexander Lyndsay 
Published: May 2018

Review objective/question:
The objective of this scoping review is to examine the characteristics of initial telephone consultations conducted in primary care settings and to map the existing evidence on the components, skills and training recommended for initial telephone consultations in current primary care.
This scoping review will be guided by the following questions: