bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Radial T1 and T2 Mapping of the Hip Articular Cartilage With Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting
Authors: Cloos Martijn A. , Assländer Jakob , Abbas Batool , Fishbaugh James , Babb James S. , Gerig Guido , Lattanzi Riccardo 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundQuantitative MRI can detect early changes in cartilage biochemical components, but its routine clinical implementation is challenging.PurposeTo introduce a novel technique to measure T1 and T2 along radial sections of the hip for accurate and reproducible multiparametric quantitative cartilage assessment in a clinically feasible scan time.Study TypeReproducibility, technical validation.Subjects/PhantomA seven‐compartment phantom and three healthy volunteers.Field Strength/SequenceA novel MR pulse sequence that simultaneously measures proton density (PD), T1, and T2 at 3 T was developed. Automatic positioning and semiautomatic cartilage segmentation were implemented to improve consistency and simplify workflow.AssessmentIntra‐ and interscanner variability of our technique was assessed over multiple scans on three different MR scanners.Statistical TestsFor each scan, the median of cartilage T1 and T2 over six radial slices was calculated. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components was used to estimate intrasubject variances reflecting variation between results from the two scans using the same scanner (intrascanner variance) and variation among results from the three scanners (interscanner variance).ResultsThe estimation error for T1 and T2 with respect to reference standard measurements was less than 3% on average for the phantom. The average interscanner coefficient of variation was 1.5% (1.2–1.9%) and 0.9% (0.0–3.7%) for T1 and T2, respectively, in the seven compartments of the phantom. Total scan time in vivo was 7:13 minutes to obtain PD, T1, and T2 maps along six radial hip sections at 0.6 × 0.6 × 4.0 mm3 voxel resolution. Interscanner variability for the in vivo study was 1.99% and 5.46% for T1 and T2, respectively. in vivo intrascanner variability was 1.15% for T1 and 3.24% for T2.Data ConclusionOur method, which includes slice positioning, model‐based parameter estimation, and cartilage segmentation, is highly reproducible. It could enable employing quantitative hip cartilage evaluation for longitudinal and multicenter studies.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:810–815.
Separation, biochemical characterization and salt‐tolerant mechanisms of alkaline protease from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Gao Xianli , Yin Yiyun , Yan Jingkun , Zhang Junke , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe salt tolerance of proteases secreted by Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 closely relates to the utilization of raw materials and the quality of soy sauce. However, little is known about the salt‐tolerant proteases and their salt‐tolerant mechanisms.RESULTSIn this study, we isolated and identified a salt‐tolerant alkaline protease (AP, approximately 29 kDa) produced by A. oryzae 3.042. It was considered as a metal‐ion‐independent serine protease. The optimum and stable pH values were both pH 9.0 and the optimum temperature was 40 °C. Over 20% relative activity of AP remained in the presence of 3.0 mol L−1 NaCl after 7 days, but its Km and Vmax were only mildly influenced by the presence of 3.0 mol L−1 NaCl, indicating its outstanding salt tolerance. Furthermore, AP was more stable than non‐salt‐tolerant protease at high salinity. The salt‐tolerant mechanisms of AP could be due to more salt bridges, higher proportion of ordered secondary structures and stronger hydrophobic amino acid residues in the interior.CONCLUSIONSThe above results are vital for maintaining, activating and/or modulating the activity of AP in high‐salt environments. They would also provide theoretical guidance for the modification of AP and the engineering of A. oryzae 3.042 so as to secrete more AP. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration With Optional Core Needle Biopsy of Head and Neck Lymph Nodes and Masses: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance in Treated Squamous Cell Cancer Versus All Other Lesions
Authors: Wagner Jason M. , Monfore Natosha , McCullough Austin J. , Zhao Lichao , Conrad Rachel D. , Krempl Greg A. , Alleman Anthony M. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with optional core needle biopsy of head and neck lymph nodes and masses, with attention to differences between biopsy of treated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and biopsy of other lesions.MethodsInstitutional Review Board approval was obtained, and the need for consent was waived for this retrospective study. All 861 US‐guided biopsies of head and neck lymph nodes and masses performed between March 1, 2012, and May 16, 2016, were reviewed.ResultsOf the 861 biopsies, 53 targeted SCC with residual masses after treatment. The biopsy procedures yielded benign or malignant pathologic results in 71.7% (38 of 53) of treated SCC and 90.7% (733 of 808) of all other lesions (P < .001). A reference standard based on subsequent pathologic results or clinical and imaging follow‐up was established in 68.4% of procedures. In cases with benign or malignant biopsy results and a subsequent reference standard, the sensitivity values for malignancy were 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 64.0%–96.5%) in treated SCC and 98.3% (95% confidence interval, 96.0%–99.3%) in all other cases (P = .047), and the specificity values were 63.6% (95% confidence interval, 35.4%–84.8%) in treated SCC and 99.5% (95% confidence interval, 97.3%–99.9%) in all other cases (P < .001). There were no major complications related to the biopsy procedures.ConclusionsExcluding treated SCC, US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with optional core needle biopsy of head and neck lymph nodes and masses has excellent diagnostic performance. Needle biopsy of head and neck SCC with a residual mass after therapy has a high rate of nondiagnostic samples, suboptimal sensitivity, and poor specificity.
The black brant population is declining based on mark recapture
Authors: Sedinger James S. , Riecke Thomas V. , Leach Alan G. , Ward David H. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAnnual survival and recruitment in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) have declined since the 1990s, yet aerial surveys of the global population have been stable or even increasing over the past decade. We used a combination of a Lincoln estimator based on harvest information and band recoveries, and marked‐unmarked ratios in bag checks in 1 harvest area in Mexico to estimate the number of adults in the population during 1992–2015. We produced weighted means from the 2 kinds of estimates for years in which we had data for both, with weights equal to the inverse of the variance of the individual estimates. We treated the black brant population as consisting of 2 subpopulations. One population consisted of breeding black brant on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, USA, and the other consisted of Arctic (northern Alaska, western Canada, and eastern Russia) breeders, and nonbreeders and failed breeders from the YKD that underwent molt migration to the Arctic. For the global population estimates, we assessed potential bias due to differential marking and harvest of the 2 subpopulations, which was approximately 1%, probably because band recovery rates were similar for the 2 subpopulations. Population estimates declined from 229,980 (average for 1999–2002) to 161,504 (average for 2012–2015). Population estimates based on estimated harvest were variable but more stable in the later years of the study, when larger numbers of brant hunters were included in the sample. We suggest that the combination of Lincoln estimates and bag check data provides a reasonable and cost effective approach to monitoring the population. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Postural Abnormality in Parkinson's Disease: A Large Comparative Study With General Population
Authors: Ando Yoshihito , Fujimoto Ken‐ichi , Ikeda Ken , Utsumi Hiroya , Okuma Yasuyuki , Oka Hisayoshi , Kamei Satoshi , Kurita Akira , Takahashi Kazushi , Nogawa Shigeru , Hattori Nobutaka , Hirata Koichi , Fukui Toshiya , Yamazaki Kaoru , Yamamoto Toshimasa , Yoshii Fumihito 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostural abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and unimpaired elderly are not well differentiated. Factors related to postural abnormality associated with PD are controversial.ObjectiveWe assessed differences in postural change between PD patients and unimpaired elderly and elucidated factors related to abnormal posture in PD patients.MethodsWe measured the dropped head angle (DHA), anterior flexion angle (AFA), and lateral flexion angle (LFA) of the thoracolumbar spine of an unprecedented 1,117 PD patients and 2,732 general population participants (GPPs) using digital photographs. Two statistical analyses were used for elucidating factors related to these angles.ResultsIn GPPs, age was correlated with DHA, AFA, and LFA. DHAs, AFAs, and LFAs of PD patients and age‐matched GPPs were 21.70° ± 14.40° and 13.13° ± 10.79°, 5.98° ± 12.67,°and − 3.82° ± 4.04°, and 0.86° ± 4.25° and 1.33° ± 2.16°, respectively. In PD patients, factors related to DHA were age, male sex, and H & Y stage during ON time. Factors related to AFA were age, duration of disease, H & Y stage during ON and OFF times, pain, vertebral disease, and bending to the right. A factor related to LFA was AFA.ConclusionsDHA and AFA of GGPs correlated with age and were larger in PD patients than those with in GPPs. Some PD patients showed angles far beyond the normal distribution. Thus, factors associated with disease aggravation affected postural abnormality in PD patients.
Mechanical tuning of eighth‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) resonator antenna
Authors: Grine Farouk , Benhabiles Mohamed T. , Amrani Hamza , Riabi Mohamed L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, a new mechanical tuning of Eighth‐Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (EMSIW) resonator antenna at microwave frequency is proposed. The resonant frequency of the EMSIW is tuned when introducing a metal screw in different positions of air holes. Numerical analyses were performed using the commercial electromagnetic simulator: Ansoft HFSS. The variation of the resonant frequency when changing the position of the screw on the entire edge of EMSIW is investigated. The radiation patterns, radiation efficiency, and gain are investigated in both E‐plane and H‐plane. In order to validate the simulated results, the proposed concept is designed, manufactured, and measured as an experimental example in three different positions of screw. The experimental results show a homogeneous agreement with the simulation. Simulation and measurements agree with tuning range of the resonator up to 3.3 GHz.
An on‐chip low‐loss reconfigurable transformer for multimode power amplifiers
Authors: Son Dong‐Hee , Ahn Hyunjin , Nam Ilku , Lee Ockgoo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article presents an on‐chip reconfigurable transformer to obtain low loss performance in both high‐power (HP) and low‐power (LP) modes. In this configuration, according to the output power level, the number of segments of the primary winding is selectively chosen to change the input impedance of the transformer. The multimode operation of the proposed transformer is analyzed using the proposed segment‐based lumped model. In addition, the corresponding complete segment‐based lumped model is developed to estimate its performance accurately. The reconfigurable transformer is fabricated using GaAs HBT technology. The modeled and measured results are consistent. The measured insertion losses at 2.4 GHz are 0.96 and 0.85 dB in the HP and LP modes, respectively. The measured impedance transformation is from a load of 50 to 7.7 Ω in the HP mode, while it is from a load of 50 to 21.1 Ω in the LP mode.
A novel wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna using switchable parasitic stubs
Authors: Jose Melvin C. , Chithra Devi R. , Sreeja B. S. , Meraline S. , Radha S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel printed wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna using electronically switchable parasitic stubs is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna is compact, made of a low‐cost FR‐4 substrate and operates from 1.88 to 2.55 GHz with −10 dB impedance bandwidth. This antenna used only two PIN diodes and a simple bias control circuit without any vias or dc lines. It has the feature of improved gain, efficiency and two opposite directional patterns radiated in positive or negative x‐axis in the azimuth plane. It has the group delay variations within 2 ns for the wideband operation. The proposed antenna was fabricated and validated for its pattern diversity performance.
Genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer: syndromes, genes, classification of genetic variants and implications for precision medicine
Authors: Valle Laura , Vilar Eduardo , Tavtigian Sean V , Stoffel Elena M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reviews genes and syndromes associated with predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC), with an overview of gene variant classification. We include updates on the application of preventive and therapeutic measures, focusing on the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and immunotherapy. Germline pathogenic variants in genes conferring high or moderate risk to cancer are detected in 6–10% of all CRCs and 20% of those diagnosed before age 50. CRC syndromes can be subdivided into nonpolyposis and polyposis entities, the most common of which are Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, respectively. In addition to known and novel genes associated with highly penetrant CRC risk, identification of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with moderate‐penetrance cancer risk and/or hereditary cancer syndromes not traditionally linked to CRC may have an impact on genetic testing, counseling, and surveillance. The use of multigene panels in genetic testing has exposed challenges in the classification of variants of uncertain significance. We provide an overview of the main classification systems and strategies for improving these. Finally, we highlight approaches for integrating chemoprevention in the care of individuals with genetic predisposition to CRC and use of targeted agents and immunotherapy for treatment of mismatch repair‐deficient and hypermutant tumors. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Semantic Networks: The Impact of a Vocabulary Intervention on Preschoolers’ Depth of Word Knowledge
Authors: Hadley Elizabeth B. , Dickinson David K. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the authors examined the impact of a vocabulary intervention designed to support vocabulary depth, or the building of semantic networks, in preschool children (n = 30). The authors further investigated the effect of specific instructional strategies on growth in vocabulary depth. The intervention employed shared book reading and guided play methods to teach words in conceptually linked categories, such as taxonomic and thematic groups. Using a within‐subjects design, analyses indicated that the intervention had significant positive effects on children's depth of vocabulary knowledge. Children showed significantly greater growth in vocabulary depth for words taught in taxonomies as compared with words taught in themes. Three types of semantic information were learned more deeply for taxonomy words as compared with theme words: information about category membership, perceptual features, and object function. Results suggest that fostering deep vocabulary knowledge involves not only teaching single word entities but also introducing systems of conceptually related words to build semantic networks.
Microarray analysis has no additional value in fetal aberrant right subclavian artery: description of 268 pregnancies and systematic literature review
Authors: Sagi‐Dain L. , Singer A. , Josefsberg S. , Peleg A. , Lev D. , Samra N. Nasser , Bar‐Shira A. , Zeligson S. , Maya I. , Ben‐Shachar S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesFetal aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a relatively common sonographic finding. Several studies have reported a significant association between ARSA and Down syndrome, as well as 22q11.2 microdeletion. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of abnormal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) findings in a large cohort of pregnancies with fetal ARSA as an isolated, as well as a non‐isolated, sonographic anomaly. A secondary objective was to review the literature, examining the frequency of chromosomal microarray aberrations in fetuses with isolated ARSA.MethodsData from all pregnancies referred for invasive testing and CMA due to sonographic diagnosis of fetal ARSA, between 2013 and 2017, were obtained retrospectively from the computerized database of the Israeli Ministry of Health. The rate of clinically significant CMA findings in these fetuses was compared to that in a local control population of 2752 low‐risk pregnancies with normal ultrasound and serum screening results. In addition, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, from inception to February 2018, of original studies in the English language describing the frequency and nature of microscopic and submicroscopic aberrations in fetuses with isolated ARSA.ResultsOf 246 pregnancies with isolated ARSA that underwent CMA analysis, a clinically significant finding was detected in one (0.4%) pregnancy (trisomy 21). This rate did not differ significantly from that in the control population (P = 0.1574). Of 22 fetuses with non‐isolated ARSA, one (4.5%) additional case of trisomy 21 was noted. The frequency of trisomy 21 in this cohort also did not differ from that in the control population (relative risk, 5.5 (95% CI, 0.8–37.6)). The literature search yielded 13 additional relevant papers, encompassing 333 cases of isolated ARSA. Of 579 cases overall (including those of the present study), 13 (2.2%) cases of trisomy 21 were detected, with no cases of 22q11.2 microdeletion.ConclusionWhile an association may exist between non‐isolated ARSA and Down syndrome, isolated ARSA might better serve as a soft marker for Down syndrome, rather than a routine indication for invasive prenatal testing. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Recent Advances in Function-Based Metagenomic Screening
Authors: Ngara Tanyaradzwa Rodgers , Zhang Houjin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Metagenomes from uncultured microorganisms are rich resources for novel enzyme genes. The methods used to screen the metagenomic libraries fall into two categories, which are based on sequence or function of the enzymes. The sequence-based approaches rely on the known sequences of the target gene families. In contrast, the function-based approaches do not involve the incorporation of metagenomic sequencing data and, therefore, may lead to the discovery of novel gene sequences with desired functions. In this review, we discuss the function-based screening strategies that have been used in the identification of enzymes from metagenomes. Because of its simplicity, agar plate screening is most commonly used in the identification of novel enzymes with diverse functions. Other screening methods with higher sensitivity are also employed, such as microtiter plate screening. Furthermore, several ultra-high-throughput methods were developed to deal with large metagenomic libraries. Among these are the FACS-based screening, droplet-based screening, and the in vivo reporter-based screening methods. The application of these novel screening strategies has increased the chance for the discovery of novel enzyme genes.
Eddy‐Induced Salinity Changes in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Delcroix T. , Chaigneau A. , Soviadan D. , Boutin J. , Pegliasco Cori 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe signature of westward propagating mesoscale eddies in sea surface salinity (SSS) is analyzed for the tropical Pacific by collocating 7 years (2010–2016) of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SSS satellite data with coherent mesoscale eddies automatically identified and tracked from altimetry‐derived sea level anomalies. First, the main characteristics of the long‐lived coherent eddies are inferred from sea level anomalies maps. Then, the mean signature of the mesoscale eddies on SSS is depicted for the whole tropical Pacific before focusing in regions centered around the central and eastern parts of the tropical North Pacific. In these areas, composite analyses based on thousands of eddies reveal regionally dependent eddy impacts with opposite SSS anomalies for cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. In the central region, where the largest meridional SSS large‐scale gradients and smallest eddy amplitudes are observed, results show dipole‐like SSS changes with maximum anomalies on the leading edge of the composite eddy. In contrast, in the eastern region, where the largest near‐surface vertical salinity gradients and largest eddy amplitudes are observed, the composite eddy shows monopole‐like SSS changes with maximum anomalies near the composite eddy center. These distinct dipole/monopole SSS patterns suggest the dominant role of horizontal advection and vertical processes in the central and eastern regions, respectively. Other possible explanations, notably one involving the contrasted eddy amplitudes of the two regions, are discussed.
Thermodynamics of Sea Ice Phase Composition Revisited
Authors: Vancoppenolle Martin , Madec Gurvan , Thomas Max , McDougall Trevor J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPure ice, brine and solid minerals are the main contributors to sea ice mass. Constitutional changes with salinity and temperature exert a fundamental control on sea ice physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, current estimation methods and model representations of the sea ice phase composition suffer from two limitations—in a context of poorly quantified uncertainties. First, salt minerals are neglected. Second, formulations are inconsistent with international standards, in particular with the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS‐10). To address these issues, we revisit the thermodynamics of the sea ice phase composition by confronting observations, theory, and the usual computation methods. We find remarkable agreement between observations and the Gibbs‐Pitzer theory as implemented in FREZCHEM, both for brine salinity (RMSE = 1.9 g/kg) and liquid H2O mass fraction (RMSE = 8.6 g/kg). On this basis, we propose expanded sea ice phase composition equations including minerals, expressed in terms of International Temperature Scale 1990 temperature and absolute salinity, and valid down to the eutectic temperature (−36.2 °C). These equations precisely reproduce FREZCHEM, outcompeting currently used calculation techniques. We also suggest a modification of the TEOS‐10 seawater Gibbs function giving a liquidus curve consistent with observations down to the eutectic temperature without changing TEOS‐10 inside its original validity range.