bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cells inhibit the tumor metastasis in the 4D cellular lung model by reducing the number of live circulating tumor cells
Authors: Mishra Dhruva K. , Rocha Humberto J. , Miller Ross , Kim Min P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe immune system and tumor microenvironment play a decisive role in tumor progression. We developed a novel model to better understand tumor progression and interaction with immune cells and the cellular components. We grew 393 P non-metastatic and 344SQ metastatic murine cells in an acellular metastatic lung cancer model, where both cell lines formed circulating tumor cells (CTC) and metastatic lesions. When the CTC from this model were placed in the tail vein of nu/nu mice, both cell lines formed metastatic lesions. However, in syngeneic immune-competent mice, the CTC from the non-metastatic cell line did not metastasize while the CTC from the metastatic cell line metastasized. When we placed the activated immune cells in the cellular lung model, it decreased CTC and metastatic lesion formation for the non-metastatic cell line while it had no impact on metastatic cell line. The metastatic cell line had a significant increase in expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) compared to the non-metastatic cell line in the model. Overall, the immune cells showed an impact on viability of CTC for cell lines with a decreased expression of PDL-1 that leads to decreased metastatic lesion formation. Further studies are needed to understand the subtype of immune cells and mechanism of decreased CTC viability and metastasis inhibition.
The swimming plus-maze test: a novel high-throughput model for assessment of anxiety-related behaviour in larval and juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Varga Zoltán K. , Zsigmond Áron , Pejtsik Diána , Varga Máté , Demeter Kornél , Mikics Éva , Haller József , Aliczki Manó 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarval zebrafish (Danio rerio) has the potential to supplement rodent models due to the availability of resource-efficient, high-throughput screening and high-resolution imaging techniques. Although behavioural models are available in larvae, only a few can be employed to assess anxiety. Here we present the swimming plus-maze (SPM) test paradigm, a tool to assess anxiety-related avoidance of shallow water bodies in early developmental stages. The “+” shaped apparatus consists of arms of different depth, representing different levels of aversiveness similarly to the rodent elevated plus-maze. The paradigm was validated (i) in larval and juvenile zebrafish, (ii) after administration of compounds affecting anxiety and (iii) in differentially aversive experimental conditions. Furthermore, we compared the SPM with conventional “anxiety tests” of zebrafish to identify their shared characteristics. We have clarified that the preference of deeper arms is ontogenetically conserved and can be abolished by anxiolytic or enhanced by anxiogenic agents, respectively. The behavioural readout is insensitive to environmental aversiveness and is unrelated to behaviours assessed by conventional tests involving young zebrafish. Taken together, we have developed a sensitive high-throughput test allowing the assessment of anxiety-related responses of zebrafish regardless of developmental stage, granting the opportunity to combine larva-based state-of-the-art methods with detailed behavioral analysis.
Multifractality and cross-correlation analysis of streamflow and sediment fluctuation at the apex of the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Wu Yao , He Yong , Wu Menwu , Lu Chen , Gao Shiyou , Xu Yanwen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe fluctuation and distribution of hydrological signals are highly related to the fluvial and geophysical regime at estuarine regions. Based on the long daily streamflow and sediment data of Makou (MK) and Sanshui (SS) stations at the apex of the Pearl River Delta, the scaling behavior of the streamflow and sediment is explored by multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). The results indicated that there was significant multifractal structure present in the fluctuations of streamflow and sediment. Meanwhile, the multifractal degree and complexity of sediment were much stronger than streamflow. Although the scaling exponents of streamflow were larger than sediment at both MK and SS, no evident differences have been found on the scaling properties of streamflow and sediment for the ratios MK/SS. Moreover, the cross-correlation between streamflow and sediment is further detected by Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MF-DXA). The multifractal response between streamflow and sediment at small timescale is characterized by long-range correlations whereas it exhibits random behavior at large timescale. The interaction of the broadness of probability density function and the long-range correlations should be responsible for the multifractal properties of hydrological time series as the multifractal degree of surrogate and shuffled data was significantly undermined.
Novel approach on reduction in GHG emissions from sludge lime stabilization as an emergent and regional treatment in China
Authors: Liu Hongtao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs a typical organic solid waste, sludge plays an important role in contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulted by its treatment and disposal. As a temporary and emergent treatment measurement, sludge lime stabilization is regionally adopted in most sludge generated units in China. In present case, sludge lime stabilization system in China was productive of total GHG emissions, including indirect and direct emissions during lime stabilization and carbon reduction owing to lime synthesis and consumption, were first quantified respectively. The results indicated that electricity consumption was main component of indirect emissions, including mixing and transportation related mechanical equipment use. Direct emission was attributed to CO2 absorption during the second step in hydration reaction of lime stabilization. Meanwhile, a carbon credit portion of lime synthesis was also taken to the consideration of carbon budget. In brief, reduction in total replaceable carbon emission resulted by sludge lime treatment in comparison to landfill was calculated to be 0.8092 tCO2e·t−1. As treated production, lime-stabilized sludge is suggested to amend acidic soil for its revegetation. It is concluded that lime stabilization of sludge shows a significant GHG reduction effect despite of its temporary and emergent nature.
Exploring the Overlap Between Dyslexia and Speech Sound Production Deficits
Authors: Cabbage Kathryn L. , Farquharson Kelly , Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya , Zuk Jennifer , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Children with dyslexia have speech production deficits in a variety of spoken language contexts. In this article, we discuss the nature of speech production errors in children with dyslexia, including those who have a history of speech sound disorder and those who do not, to familiarize speech-language pathologists with speech production–specific risk factors that may help predict or identify dyslexia in young children.

Method
In this tutorial, we discuss the role of a phonological deficit in children with dyslexia and how this may manifest as speech production errors, sometimes in conjunction with a speech sound disorder but sometimes not. We also briefly review other factors outside the realm of phonology that may alert the speech-language pathologist to possible dyslexia.

Results
Speech-language pathologists possess unique knowledge that directly contributes to the identification and remediation of children with dyslexia. We present several clinical recommendations related to speech production deficits in children with dyslexia. We also review what is known about how and when children with speech sound disorder are most at risk for dyslexia.

Conclusion
Speech-language pathologists have a unique opportunity to assist in the identification of young children who are at risk for dyslexia.
Cognitive Neuroscience of Dyslexia
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Gabrieli John D. E. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This review summarizes what is known about the structural and functional brain bases of dyslexia.

Method
We review the current literature on structural and functional brain differences in dyslexia. This includes evidence about differences in gray matter anatomy, white matter connectivity, and functional activations in response to print and language. We also summarize findings concerning brain plasticity in response to interventions.

Results
We highlight evidence relating brain function and structure to instructional issues such as diagnosis and prognosis. We also highlight evidence about brain differences in early childhood, before formal reading instruction in school, which supports the importance of early identification and intervention.

Conclusion
Neuroimaging studies of dyslexia reveal how the disorder is related to differences in structure and function in multiple neural circuits.
Why Children With Dyslexia Struggle With Writing and How to Help Them
Authors: Hebert Michael , Kearns Devin M. , Hayes Joanne Baker , Bazis Pamela , Cooper Samantha 
Published: November 2018

PurposeChildren with dyslexia often have related writing difficulties. In the simple view of writing model, high-quality writing depends on good transcription skills, working memory, and executive function—all of which can be difficult for children with dyslexia and result in poor spelling and low overall writing quality. In this article, we describe the challenges of children with dyslexia in terms of the simple view of writing and instructional strategies to increase spelling and overall writing quality in children with dyslexia.MethodFor spelling strategies, we conducted systematic searches across 2 databases for studies examining the effectiveness of spelling interventions for students with dyslexia as well as including studies from 2 meta-analyses. To locate other instructional practices to increase writing quality (e.g., handwriting and executive function), we examined recent meta-analyses of writing and supplemented that by conducting forward searches.ResultsThrough the search, we found evidence of effective remedial and compensatory intervention strategies in spelling, transcription, executive function, and working memory. Some strategies included spelling using sound-spellings and morphemes and overall quality using text structure, sentence combining, and self-regulated strategy development.ConclusionsMany students with dyslexia experience writing difficulty in multiple areas. However, their writing (and even reading) skills can improve with the instructional strategies identified in this article. We describe instructional procedures and provide links to resources throughout the article.
Understanding Dyslexia in the Context of Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Adlof Suzanne M. , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this tutorial is to discuss the language basis of dyslexia in the context of developmental language disorders (DLDs). Whereas most studies have focused on the phonological skills of children with dyslexia, we bring attention to broader language skills.MethodWe conducted a focused literature review on the language basis of dyslexia from historical and theoretical perspectives with a special emphasis on the relation between dyslexia and DLD and on the development of broader language skills (e.g., vocabulary, syntax, and discourse) before and after the identification of dyslexia.ResultsWe present clinically relevant information on the history of dyslexia as a language-based disorder, the operational definitions used to diagnose dyslexia in research and practice, the relation between dyslexia and DLD, and the language abilities of children with dyslexia.ConclusionsWe discuss 3 clinical implications for working with children with dyslexia in school settings: (a) Children with dyslexia—with and without comorbid DLDs—often have language deficits outside the phonological domain; (b) intervention should target a child's strengths and weaknesses relative to reading outcomes, regardless of diagnostic labels; and (c) those who have dyslexia, regardless of language abilities at the time of diagnosis, may be at risk for slower language acquisition across their lifetime. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess multiple language skills early, at the time of the diagnosis of dyslexia, and years later to better understand the complex development of language and reading in children with dyslexia.
Highly flat optical comb generation based on DP‐MZM and phase modulators
Authors: Tran T.T. , Song M. , Song M. , Seo D.‐S. 
Published: November 2018

A novel scheme for the generation of an optical frequency comb with exceptionally high flatness for a large number of spectral lines is proposed. The scheme consists of a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP‐MZM) with which to carve the narrow intensity pulse and phase modulators for the application of high chirp. The experimental results show perfect spectral profiles with 35 lines with <1 dB flatness and 54 lines at 1.6 dB flatness when a DP‐MZM is combined with two and three phase modulators, respectively.
Folded reflectarray antenna with partial grid and director for high aperture efficiency
Authors: Jeong J.G. , Bae J.H. , Yoon Y.J. 
Published: November 2018

In this Letter, a new polarising grid for a folded reflectarray is proposed to improve the aperture efficiency of the antenna. This polarising grid is designed using a partial grid and a director which can improve the antenna radiation characteristic. Consequently, the measured aperture efficiency of the proposed antenna with the new polarising grid is 60.49% at 77 GHz.
Rhytidectomy in Patients with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Coelho Daniel , Darji Prem , Niamtu Joe , Appelbaum Eric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs the incidence of rhytidectomy and cochlear implantation increases, so does the likelihood that an individual patient will undergo both procedures over their lifetime. This is particularly relevant as the US population not only ages but ages well. The purpose of this paper is to describe cochlear implants and to characterize pre-, intra-, and postoperative considerations of rhytidectomy in patients with cochlear implants. A thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy and physiology is crucial to the avoidance of potentially serious complications in patients with cochlear implants.
Vaccinations for Anal Squamous Cancer: Current and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Glasgow Sean , Berry John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 4.3% of the global cancer burden. Since 2006, current HPV vaccines have reduced the prevalence of the virus in adolescent girls, reduced the prevalence of genital warts, and been proven to reduce the progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in men. Herein, we review the epidemiology, virology, and immunology behind the prophylactic HPV vaccines and current recommendations for its use. We also review future immune therapies being trialed for use against HPV-related cancers including anal cancer.
Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Implanted Brain Pacemaker: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Mehta Yatin , Trehan Naresh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, affects approximately 1% of population older than 60 years. Patients with Parkinson’s disease with intractable symptoms often require placement of deep brain stimulator, conventionally known as brain pacemaker. Patients implanted with this device pose specific challenges to the anesthesiologist in view of the primary illness, possible drug interactions, risk of cerebral hemorrhage from anticoagulant therapy, and potential for device malfunction by electromagnetic interference during cardiac surgery. The authors describe perioperative management of a patient with implanted brain pacemaker who underwent aortic valve replacement at their institution.
Isolated Right Ventricle Mass: The Role of Echocardiography in Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Ladha Suruchi , Kiran Usha , Bora Santanu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe presence of a right ventricle mass is uncommon, especially if there is no associated mass in the other chambers of the heart. Right ventricle mass is usually due to thrombi or vegetations; however, a variety of tumors may also present similarly. The authors report the presence of an isolated right ventricle mass in a young female patient and the intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography in diagnostic dilemma. Echocardiography helps in assessing the characteristics of the mass, such as the size, shape, attachment points, and composition, and continues to remain an invaluable tool for guiding both the anesthetic and the surgical management of the case.
Role of Physiotherapist in Critical Care Situations: Recent Perspective
Authors:   Jyoti,   Meenu
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhysiotherapy is part of a multidisciplinary team and plays an important role in the critical care unit to improve patients’ quality of life. It is reported that a patient mechanically ventilated for more than a week shows muscular weakness approximately 25% and approximately 90% of patients have ongoing muscular weakness and poor quality of life. Physiotherapy in critical care units and high dependency units play a vital role to promote lung functions and early discharge. There are more ventilator-free days for patient with early physiotherapy in intensive care unit (ICU) compared with standard care. A large number of physical limitations are faced by patient and professionals in ICU and respiratory intermediate intensive care units. Declined pulmonary function, persistent muscle weakness, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and contracture are associated with poor quality of life and long-time staying in hospitals. Physiotherapy is a main component of patient management in critical care units and involves mobilization activities, functional positioning, passive- and active-assisted movements of extremities, sitting, bedside standing, walking with support, early mobilization, postural drainage, clear airway secretions, manual hyperinflation, percussion and vibration, assisted and resisted exercise, and electric stimulation.
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Ross-Konno Procedure
Authors: Aggarwal Shivani , Basumatary Probal , Devagourou V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRoss procedure involves replacing diseased aortic valve with pulmonary autograft and placing a pulmonary/aortic homograft between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. In case of small aortic annulus in pediatric patients or in patients with multilevel left ventricular outflow obstruction, aortic annulus enlargement might be required concurrently. Konno type of aortic ventriculoplasty is most commonly done. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) has classified transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as class I indication for congenital heart disease
美国对外古代汉语教学调查研究报告 (Survey research on teaching Classical Chinese as L2 in the U.S.)
Authors: Wang Jing 
Published: November 2018

抽象
本文是对美国 11 所高校 144 名古汉语课学生问卷调查的研究报告。调查内容包括学生的语言背景、学习动机、学习结果的自我评估，以及对古汉语教学中一些重要问题的看法，诸如教材的内容与形式、教学语言、教学法等。本研究是多年来首次对美国古汉语教学大规模的跨校际调查，从学生的角度、以量化的方式，为对外古汉语教学今后的发展提供了数据和参考意见。调查结果反映出美国古汉语课的学生组成跟 20 年前相比已经发生了很大的变化，师生在一些颇具争议性的问题上的看法有分歧也有一致。
A framework for analyzing evaluative language in historical discourse
Authors: Myskow Gordon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistory texts are not just disciplinary artefacts for describing, explaining or making arguments about the past. They play a key role in defining present-day group identities and their terms of affiliation. As such, they have generated a great deal of interest among functional linguists interested in how ideology is construed through language. But the ways history texts evaluate the past is not straightforward; they include a complex interplay of discourse participants putting forward a range of views toward the subject-matter. This article presents a framework for investigating evaluative meaning in historical discourse that aims to untangle this complex web of voices, showing how they work together to position readers to take up particular views toward the past. The framework brings together two prominent approaches to the study of evaluation:Martin & White’s (2005)Appraisal framework andHunston’s (2000)notions of Status Value and Relevance. It posits four levels of evaluation (inter-, super-, extra- and meta-evaluation) that are grounded in insights from the field of historiography and reflect key disciplinary activities of historians.
Variation between modal adverbs in British English
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the use and distribution of the synonymous adverbsmaybeandperhapsin order to determine their functional similarities and differences. After extracting usage data from the British National Corpus (BNC), this study explores the following factors by analyzing the target adverbs in a larger context: (i) the kind of register, (ii) the kind of NP chosen as the subject inmaybe/perhapsclauses, (iii) the kind of modal verb used in the same clause, and (iv) the position occupied by the target adverbs in a clause. The corpus analysis demonstrates thatmaybeis more prone to subjective use whileperhapsis a more strongly grammaticalized item, and that the factors related to a highly subjective context contribute much to the variation between the adverbs. In addition, I suggest that bothmaybeandperhaps(in combination with modal verbs or in final position) can be used in an intersubjective context.
From phonemic spelling to distinctive spelling
Authors: Sampson Geoffrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhether spelling is phonemic is only one factor in whether a writing system is suitable for a given language; another consideration is "lexical distinctiveness" of spelling, in two separate senses, and the importance of lexical distinctiveness grows as a writing system matures. Seen in this light, the increasing irregularity of English spelling, over the period when English has been a written language, has been a desirable response to the changing needs of the English-speaking world.
Core syllables vs. moraic writing
Authors: Buckley Eugene 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the units of writing systems represent categories found in spoken language; in phonographic writing, these categories traditionally include the syllable and segment, which correspond to syllabic and alphabetic systems. But it has been claimed that some or most “syllabaries” are actually based on moras, well known from phonological theory as units of syllable weight. I argue that apparent moraic systems are in fact built on signs that stand for core CV syllables, and consequently that moras do not appear to play a central role in any writing system.
Orthographic principles in computer-mediated communication
Authors: Verheijen Lieke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOnline messages often diverge from the standard language orthography: so-called textisms have become an indispensable part of youths’ written computer-mediated communication (CMC). This paper presents an in-depth corpus study of texts from four new media produced by Dutch youths: MSN chats, text messages, tweets, and WhatsApp messages. It is demonstrated that Dutch informal written CMC, as in other languages, is implicitly governed by orthographic principles. Relative frequencies of textism types in the corpus show how textisms are effectively used by Dutch youths. Textism types are classified here in terms of forms, operations, and, crucially, functions – the ‘SUPER-functions’: textisms can make orthography more Speechlike, Understandable, Playful, Expressive, or Reduced. Moreover, this study proves that preferences for textism types greatly depend on age group and medium. New media have their own combination of characteristics and constraints, while adolescents and young adults appear to have different perceptions on language use and spelling.