bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Academic Performance Across Compulsory Schooling and Thriving in Young Adulthood
Authors: Tomasik Martin J. , Napolitano Christopher M. , Moser Urs 
Published: September 2018

Thriving is a developmental process that is shaped by previous and current interactions within developmental contexts. We hypothesized that academic performance in the school context will positively predict thriving in young adulthood. Data of N = 2,043 students from Zurich were assessed with standardized tests in Grades 1, 3, 6, and 9. Results showed that a stronger increase in academic performance significantly predicted thriving at age 20, even after statistically controlling for various covariates. Further analyses showed that school bonding might represent a mediating link between the academic performance and thriving. We argue that although schools can be considered the most widespread and intensive “youth development program” of sorts, their role for thriving has been largely neglected in developmental science.
Personalizing obesity assessment and care planning in primary care: patient experience and outcomes in everyday life and health
Authors: Luig T. , Anderson R. , Sharma A. M. , Campbell‐Scherer D. L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObesity is a complex, chronic disease, frequently associated with multiple comorbidities. Its management is hampered by a lack of translation of evidence on chronicity and pathophysiology into clinical practice. Also, it is not well understood how to support effective provider–patient communication that adequately addresses patients’ personal root causes and barriers and helps them feel capable to take action for their health. This study examined interpersonal processes during clinical consultations, their impacts, and outcomes with the aim to develop an approach to personalized obesity assessment and care planning. We used a qualitative, explorative design with 20 participants with obesity, sampling for maximum variation, to examine video‐recorded consultations, patient interviews at three time points, provider interviews and patient journals. Analysis was grounded in a dialogic interactional perspective and found eight key processes that supported patients in making changes to improve health: compassion and listening; making sense of root causes and contextual factors in the patient's story; recognizing strengths; reframing misconceptions about obesity; focusing on whole‐person health; action planning; fostering reflection and experimenting. Patient outcomes include activation, improved physical and psychological health. The proposed approach fosters emphatic care relationships and sensible care plans that support patients in making manageable changes to improve health.
The potential for citizen science to produce reliable and useful information in ecology
Authors: Brown Eleanor D. , Williams Byron K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe examined features of citizen science that influence data quality, inferential power, and usefulness in ecology. As background context for our examination, we considered topics such as ecological sampling (probability based, purposive, opportunistic), linkage between sampling technique and statistical inference (design based, model based), and scientific paradigms (confirmatory, exploratory). We distinguished several types of citizen science investigations, from intensive research with rigorous protocols targeting clearly articulated questions to mass‐participation internet‐based projects with opportunistic data collection lacking sampling design, and examined overarching objectives, design, analysis, volunteer training, and performance. We identified key features that influence data quality: project objectives, design and analysis, and volunteer training and performance. Projects with good designs, trained volunteers, and professional oversight can meet statistical criteria to produce high‐quality data with strong inferential power and therefore are well suited for ecological research objectives. Projects with opportunistic data collection, little or no sampling design, and minimal volunteer training are better suited for general objectives related to public education or data exploration because reliable statistical estimation can be difficult or impossible. In some cases, statistically robust analytical methods, external data, or both may increase the inferential power of certain opportunistically collected data. Ecological management, especially by government agencies, frequently requires data suitable for reliable inference. With standardized protocols, state‐of‐the‐art analytical methods, and well‐supervised programs, citizen science can make valuable contributions to conservation by increasing the scope of species monitoring efforts. Data quality can be improved by adhering to basic principles of data collection and analysis, designing studies to provide the data quality required, and including suitable statistical expertise, thereby strengthening the science aspect of citizen science and enhancing acceptance by the scientific community and decision makers.
Longitudinal changes in kidney function following heart transplantation: Stanford experience
Authors: Taiwo Adetokunbo A. , Khush Kiran K. , Stedman Margaret R. , Zheng Yuanchao , Tan Jane C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany heart transplant recipients experience declining kidney function following transplantation. We aimed to quantify change in kidney function in heart transplant recipients stratified by pre‐transplant kidney function. A total of 230 adult heart transplant recipients between May 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014, were evaluated for up to 5 years post‐transplant (median 1 year). Using 19 398 total estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessments, we evaluated trends in eGFR in recipients with normal/near‐normal (eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2) vs impaired (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2) kidney function and the likelihood of reaching an eGFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 after heart transplant. Baseline characteristics were similar. Immediately following heart transplant, the impaired pre‐transplant kidney function group showed a mean eGFR gain of 9.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 193) vs a mean decline of 4.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 37) in the normal/near‐normal group. Subsequent rates of eGFR decline were 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m2/y vs 2.9 mL/min/1.73 m2/y, respectively. The probability of reaching an eGFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less at 1, 5, and 10 years following heart transplant was 1%, 4%, and 30% in the impaired group, and <1%, <1%, and 10% in the normal/near‐normal group. Estimates of expected recovery in kidney function and its decline over time will help inform decision making about kidney care after heart transplantation.
Physical activity is associated with lower insulin and C‐peptide during glucose challenge in children and adolescents with family background of diabetes
Authors: Ungethüm K. , Jolink M. , Hippich M. , Lachmann L. , Haupt F. , Winkler C. , Hummel S. , Pitchika A. , Kordonouri O. , Ziegler A.‐G. , Beyerlein A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsChildren and adolescents with a family history of diabetes are at increased risk of overweight, but little is known about the potentially beneficial effects of physical activity on these children. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and metabolic and inflammatory risks in children and adolescents with a family background of Type 1 diabetes or gestational diabetes.MethodsValid MVPA measurements, made with accelerometers, were available from 234 participants (median age, 10.2 years) who had a first‐degree relative with either Type 1 or gestational diabetes. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were made and cytokines measured, and were correlated with MVPA measurements, with stepwise adjustment for confounding factors, in a cross‐sectional analysis.ResultsMVPA was negatively associated with insulin and C‐peptide during challenge with an oral glucose tolerance test. MVPA was also significantly positively associated with the insulin sensitivity index, whereas no consistently significant associations were found between MVPA and BMI, blood pressure or cytokine levels.DiscussionOur findings indicate that physical activity may have beneficial effects on insulin and C‐peptide metabolism in children and adolescents with a family background of diabetes, but show no evidence of a protective association with other health‐related outcomes.
Complex problems need detailed solutions: Harnessing multiple data types to inform genetic management in the wild
Authors: Grueber Catherine E. , Fox Samantha , McLennan Elspeth A. , Gooley Rebecca M. , Pemberton David , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor bottlenecked populations of threatened species, supplementation often leads to improved population metrics (genetic rescue), provided that guidelines can be followed to avoid negative outcomes. In cases where no “ideal” source populations exist, or there are other complicating factors such as prevailing disease, the benefit of supplementation becomes uncertain. Bringing multiple data and analysis types together to plan genetic management activities can help. Here, we consider three populations of Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, as candidates for genetic rescue. Since 1996, devil populations have been severely impacted by devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), causing significant population decline and fragmentation. Like many threatened species, the key threatening process for devils cannot currently be fully mitigated, so species management requires a multifaceted approach. We examined diversity of 31 putatively neutral and 11 MHC‐linked microsatellite loci of three remnant wild devil populations (one sampled at two time‐points), alongside computational diversity projections, parameterized by field data from DFTD‐present and DFTD‐absent sites. Results showed that populations had low diversity, connectivity was poor, and diversity has likely decreased over the last decade. Stochastic simulations projected further diversity losses. For a given population size, the effects of DFTD on population demography (including earlier age at death and increased female productivity) did not impact diversity retention, which was largely driven by final population size. Population sizes ≥500 (depending on the number of founders) were necessary for maintaining diversity in otherwise unmanaged populations, even if DFTD is present. Models indicated that smaller populations could maintain diversity with ongoing immigration. Taken together, our results illustrate how multiple analysis types can be combined to address complex population genetic challenges.
Post‐partum uterine rupture: Standing repair in three mares using a laparoscopic technique
Authors: Diekstall M. , Rohde C. , Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThree mares underwent diagnostic laparoscopy because of suspicion of post‐partum uterine ruptures. All three horses showed clinical signs of a uterine rupture between 1 and 3 days after parturition and underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. In all cases a full thickness uterine rupture could be detected and was sutured laparoscopically. Availability of suture material and surgeon experience were responsible for the surgical methods chosen for repair. In the first case, a hand‐assisted laparoscopic approach was chosen for suturing the ruptured uterus, whereas in the other cases the approach was entirely laparoscopic. In the second case, extracorporeal knots were used for the repair and in the last case described a barbed loop suture was available for closure of the uterus. Two of three mares were alive for at least 12 months after surgery without any abdominal problems. One of these mares delivered a healthy foal 2 years after surgery. The remaining mare died 3 months after surgery but no necropsy was done. Laparoscopy should be considered for post‐partum mares with signs of peritonitis to access the uterus and repair a rupture if it is accessible. A laparoscopic approach using intracorporeal knots or barbed sutures for the repair of the uterine rupture as well as a hand‐assisted laparoscopic approach are feasible. The use of the barbed suture for intracorporeal closure makes the minimal invasive laparoscopic technique easier to perform.
Effect of oral isotretinoin on the nucleo‐cytoplasmic distribution of FoxO1 and FoxO3 proteins in sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Agamia Naglaa Fathi , Roshdy Osama Hussein , Abdelmaksoud Rania ElSaied , Abdalla Dina Mohamed , Talaat Iman Mamdouh , Zaki Eiman Ibrahim , El Tawdy Amira , Melnik Bodo C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOral isotretinoin is the most effective anti‐acne drug with the strongest sebum‐suppressive effect caused by sebocyte apoptosis. It has been hypothesized that upregulation of nuclear FoxO transcription factors and p53 mediate isotretinoin‐induced sebocyte apoptosis in vivo. It is the aim of our study to analyse the distribution of the pro‐apoptotic transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of human sebocytes in vivo before and during isotretinoin treatment of acne patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies with antibodies distinguishing phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated human FoxO1 and FoxO3 proteins was performed before isotretinoin treatment, six weeks after initiation of isotretinoin therapy, and in acne‐free control patients not treated with isotretinoin. Our in vivo study demonstrates a significant increase in the nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratio of non‐phosphorylated FoxO1 and FoxO3 during isotretinoin treatment of acne patients. Translational and presented experimental evidence indicates that upregulation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 proteins is involved in isotretinoin‐induced pro‐apoptotic signalling in sebocytes confirming the scientific hypothesis of isotretinoin‐mediated upregulation of FoxO expression.
A novel de novo mutation p.Ala428Asp in KRT5 gene as a cause of localized epidermolysis bullosa simplex
Authors: Stawczyk‐Macieja Marta , Wertheim‐Tysarowska Katarzyna , Jakubowski Rafał , Szczerkowska‐Dobosz Aneta , Krygier Magdalena , Wilkowska Aleksandra , Sawicka Justyna , Nowak Wiesław , Bal Jerzy , Nowicki Roman 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa is a group of inherited blistering skin diseases resulting in most cases from missense mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 and 14. Here, we present a patient diagnosed with a localized subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex caused by a heterozygous mutation p.Ala428Asp in the KRT5 gene, that has not been previously identified. Moreover, a bioinformatic analysis of the novel mutation was performed, showing changes in the interaction network between the proteins. Identification of novel mutations and genotype‐phenotype correlations allow to better understanding of underlying pathophysiologic bases and is important for genetic counselling, patients’ management, and disease course prediction.
Hours worked of the self‐employed and agglomeration
Authors: Cai Zhengyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the causal effects of agglomeration on hours worked by the self‐employed. Urbanization and localization are instrumented using the minimum distance from the work Public Use Microdata Area centroid to the United States’ coastlines and estimated industry shares in 1930. The 2SLS results demonstrate that urbanization decreases, and localization increases, hours worked of the self‐employed, respectively. These results are mainly from outsourcing and competition, whereas sorting, simultaneity, and agglomeration wage effect are less likely to be influential. Additionally, only small business owners perceive the pressures of competition in localization economies. The young unincorporated self‐employed are more likely to be affected by peer competitors, whereas the elder unincorporated perceive more pressures from large firms.
History and Review of anti‐Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide (CGRP) Therapies: From Translational Research to Treatment
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjective – To briefly describe the history of and available data on anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) therapies for headache.Background – CGRP was proposed as a target for primary headache therapies. Translational research involved moving from delineating the relationships between CGRP and primary headaches and the clinical development of anti‐CGRP treatments. The first anti‐CGRP treatment, an intravenous CGRP‐receptor antagonist or gepant, olcegepant, was described as effective in terminating migraines in humans in 2004.Methods – The author briefly reviews some of the pathophysiology and translational research that led to the development of the gepants initially and then subsequently to the anti‐CGRP and anti‐CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies. All accessible randomized controlled trials, abstracts, platform presentations, and press releases on the monoclonal antibody trials are summarized. The trajectory from bench research to the approval of the first anti‐CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody for clinical use in migraine prevention, erenumab, is discussed, as well as potential clinical uses of the anti‐CGRP treatments.Results – The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erenumab, an anti‐CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody, for prevention of migraine May 17, 2018. At the time of this writing (May 2018), 2 other anti‐CGRP monoclonal antibodies have been submitted to the FDA for the indication of prevention of migraine, galcanezumab and fremanezumab. Galcanezumab has reportedly shown effectiveness in preventing episodic cluster headache as well, although has not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication. Eptinezumab will likely be submitted to the FDA for prevention of migraine later in 2018. Two gepants, ubrogepant and rimegepant, have completed positive pivotal trials for acute treatment of migraine, but have not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication.Conclusions – The development of anti‐CGRP therapies opens a new era in the acute and preventive treatment of primary headache disorders.
Short‐term responses of darkling beetles (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) to the effects of fire and grazing in savannah rangeland
Authors: Reinhard Johanna E. , Geissler Katja , Blaum Niels 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Fire and grazing shape biodiversity in savannah landscapes. In land use management, knowing the effects of fire and grazing on biodiversity are important in order to ensure environmental sustainability. Beetles specifically are indicators of the biodiversity response to fire and grazing.

A grazing exclusion and burning experiment in a split‐plot design was used in order to investigate the interacting effects of fire and wildlife grazing on biomass, diversity, and species composition of darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) over time after fire.

Darkling beetle species richness and diversity were responding in a three‐way‐interaction to fire, grazing, and time after fire, whereby biomass of darkling beetles remained unaffected and species compositional changes were attributed to seasonal changes of time only. Fire on ungrazed plots had a negative effect on species diversity and richness 2 weeks and 6 months post fire, whereas fire on grazed plots had no impact on species diversity and richness. Grazing only lowered species diversity and richness 6 months after fire treatments.

Results suggest that grazing overrides the effects of fire and that the similar effects caused by fire and grazing are due to niche and assemblage simplification of the habitat.
MARKET ECONOMIES WITH AN ENDOGENOUS SOCIAL DIVISION OF LABOR
Authors: Gilles Robert P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI consider a general equilibrium model of a competitive market economy in which production is conducted through an endogenous social division of labor. I represent economic decision makers as “consumer–producers,” who consume as well as produce commodities. In this approach, the emergence of a nontrivial social division of labor is guided by Increasing Returns to Specialization (IRSpec) in production. Under IRSpec, I show existence of competitive equilibria, the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics, and characterize these equilibria. Markets equilibrate through the adjustment of the social division of labor; the production technologies completely determine the equilibrium prices.
BEAUTY PREMIUM AND MARRIAGE PREMIUM IN SEARCH EQUILIBRIUM: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL TEST
Authors: Bonilla Roberto , Kiraly Francis , Wildman John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe propose a theoretical explanation for the so‐called beauty premium. Our approach relies entirely on search frictions and the fact that physical appearance plays an important role in attracting a marriage partner. We analyze the interaction between frictional labor and marriage markets, making use of what we label constrained job search. The optimal strategy entails different reservation wages for different men, and we establish the existence of a search equilibrium characterized by a beauty premium and/or marriage premium. Predicted profiles of premia allow for potential falsification tests and point to relevant empirical evidence in support of our theory.
LEARNING AND LIFE CYCLE PATTERNS OF OCCUPATIONAL TRANSITIONS
Authors: Gorry Aspen , Gorry Devon , Trachter Nicholas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIndividuals experience frequent occupational switches during their lifetime, and initial worker characteristics are predictive of future patterns of occupational switching. We construct a quantitative model of occupational choices with worker learning and occupation‐specific productivity shocks to match life cycle patterns of occupational transitions and quantify the value of occupational mobility and learning. For the average 18‐year‐old worker, the value of being able to switch occupations is about 67 months of the maximum wage he or she could earn in the model, and the value of a worker learning his or her type is about 32 months of this maximum wage.
LIQUIDITY, MONETARY POLICY, AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A NEW MONETARIST APPROACH
Authors: Dong Mei , Xiao Sylvia Xiaolin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe discover a consumption channel of monetary policy in a model with money and government bonds. When the central bank withdraws government bonds (short‐term or long‐term) through open market operations, it lowers returns on bonds. The lower return has a direct negative impact on consumption by households that hold bonds and an indirect negative impact on consumption by households that hold money. As a result, firms earn less profits from production, which leads to higher unemployment. The existence of such a consumption channel can help us understand the effects of unconventional monetary policy.
The effect of temperature and moderate electric field pre‐treatment on carotenoid extraction from Heterochlorella luteoviridis
Authors: Jaeschke Débora Pez , Merlo Eduardo Antônio , Mercali Giovana Domeneghini , Rech Rosane , Marczak Ligia Damasceno Ferreira 
Published: September 2018

SummaryModerate electric field (MEF) was evaluated as a pre‐treatment (0–180 V) to carotenoid extraction at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) followed by a extraction step using ethanol/water as solvent (75% of ethanol, v/v). During the extraction step, samples were collected at 1, 5, 30, 40 and 50 min. Results showed that MEF allowed higher carotenoid concentration at the beginning of the extraction step at 30, 40 and 50 °C, leading to better extraction results along the extraction time. A different behaviour was observed at 60 °C probably due to the thermal effects on the cell and to carotenoids thermal degradation. The highest extraction yield, 86% of the total carotenoid content (compared to exhaustive extraction), was achieved at both 40 and 50 °C with the MEF pre‐treatment, indicating that a high extraction yield can be obtained even at relatively low temperatures (40 °C).