bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspecific and heterospecific interactions modify the functional response of Harmonia axyridis and Propylea japonica to Aphis citricola
Authors: Feng Yi , Zhou Zhao‐Xu , An Meng‐Ru , Li Yu‐Dan , Liu Zhi‐Guo , Wang Lin‐Lin , Ren Jin‐Ze , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHarmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two common aphidophagous predators that overlap in their natural niche; therefore, interactions between these two predator species could affect their overall prey consumption. The consequences of intraguild interactions on the foraging efficiency of the two coccinellid species were investigated by evaluating the functional responses of single beetles and intra‐ and interspecific combinations to densities of the spirea aphid, Aphis citricola van der Goot (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on apple seedlings, during 2 and 12 h under laboratory conditions. A type II functional response was observed in all the bioassays. Solitary H. axyridis consumed significantly more aphids than single P. japonica in both exposure periods. However, at intermediate prey densities the prey consumption of P. japonica was slightly greater than that of H. axyridis. The 95% confidence intervals of the functional response curves of conspecific and heterospecific pairs overlapped at 2 h. In contrast, conspecific pairs of H. axyridis showed a higher functional response curve at 12 h compared to a combination of H. axyridis and P. japonica. Prey's predation risk reduction was only detected for paired H. axyridis and mixed predators compared to their estimated functional responses at the 2‐h foraging period. By comparing functional responses between intraguild predatory lady beetle combinations, we could further predict the potential ecosystem service provided by these natural enemies.
River modification reduces climate resilience of brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Ireland
Authors: O'Briain Rossa , Coghlan Brian , Shephard Samuel , Kelly Fiona L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated interactions between eco‐hydromorphological state, riparian vegetation cover, water temperature and fish community composition in lowland rivers in Ireland. Physical habitat modification of study sites corresponded with degraded eco‐hydromorphological state (degree of ecological and physical modification) and reduced thermal buffering capacity (greater temperature fluctuation and increased frequency of extreme temperature events). This impact was reflected in the fish community, with a shift from a brown trout‐dominated (Salmo trutta L.) fish assemblage to predominance of the more thermally plastic minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), and stone loach, Barbatula barbatula (L.). Eco‐hydromorphological state may be a central factor affecting the ability of temperate rivers to resist temperature change in a warming climate and to maintain suitable conditions for salmonids and other cold‐water biota. Strategies aimed at climate change proofing of temperate rivers should focus on preserving or re‐establishing the eco‐hydromorphological processes that create habitat complexity and buffer stream temperature.
E and ID proteins regulate cell chirality and left–right asymmetric development in Drosophila
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoki , Hatori Ryo , Maeda Reo , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Taguchi Tomohiro , Matsuyama Yoko , Matsuno Kenji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow left–right (LR) asymmetric forms in the animal body is a fundamental problem in Developmental Biology. Although the mechanisms for LR asymmetry are well studied in some species, they are still poorly understood in invertebrates. We previously showed that the intrinsic LR asymmetry of cells (designated as cell chirality) drives LR asymmetric development in the Drosophila embryonic hindgut, although the machinery of the cell chirality formation remains elusive. Here, we found that the Drosophila homologue of the Id gene, extra macrochaetae (emc), is required for the normal LR asymmetric morphogenesis of this organ. Id proteins, including Emc, are known to interact with and inhibit E‐box‐binding proteins (E proteins), such as Drosophila Daughterless (Da). We found that the suppression of da by wild‐type emc was essential for cell chirality formation and for normal LR asymmetric development of the embryonic hindgut. Myosin ID (MyoID), which encodes the Drosophila Myosin ID protein, is known to regulate cell chirality. We further showed that Emc‐Da regulates cell chirality formation, in which Emc functions upstream of or parallel to MyoID. Abnormal Id‐E protein regulation is involved in various human diseases. Our results suggest that defects in cell shape may contribute to the pathogenesis of such diseases.
Cardiovascular disease‐related mortality and factors associated with cardiovascular events in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD)
Authors: Bijker R , Jiamsakul A , Uy E , Kumarasamy N , Ditango R , Chaiwarith R , Wong WW , Avihingsanon A , Sun LP , Yunihastuti E , Pujari S , Do CD , Merati TP , Kantipong P , Nguyen KV , Kamarulzaman A , Zhang F , Lee MP , Choi JY , Tanuma J , Ng OT , Sim BLH , Ross J , Kiertiburanakul S ,   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWith aging of the HIV‐positive population, cardiovascular disease (CVD) increasingly contributes to morbidity and mortality. We investigated CVD‐related and other causes of death (CODs) and factors associated with CVD in a multi‐country Asian HIV‐positive cohort.MethodsPatient data from 2003–2017 were obtained from the Therapeutics, Research, Education and AIDS Training in Asia (TREAT Asia) HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). We included patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with > 1 day of follow‐up. Cumulative incidences were plotted for CVD‐related, AIDS‐related, non‐AIDS‐related, and unknown CODs, and any CVD (i.e. fatal and nonfatal). Competing risk regression was used to assess risk factors of any CVD.ResultsOf 8069 patients with a median follow‐up of 7.3 years [interquartile range (IQR) 4.4–10.7 years], 378 patients died [incidence rate (IR) 6.2 per 1000 person‐years (PY)], and this total included 22 CVD‐related deaths (IR 0.36 per 1000 PY). Factors significantly associated with any CVD event (IR 2.2 per 1000 PY) were older age [sub‐hazard ratio (sHR) 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–3.58 for age 41–50 years; sHR 5.52; 95% CI 3.43–8.91 for ≥ 51 years, compared with < 40 years], high blood pressure (sHR 1.62; 95% CI 1.04–2.52), high total cholesterol (sHR 1.89; 95% CI 1.27–2.82), high triglycerides (sHR 1.55; 95% CI 1.02–2.37) and high body mass index (BMI) (sHR 1.66; 95% CI 1.12–2.46). CVD crude IRs were lower in the later ART initiation period and in lower middle‐ and upper middle‐income countries.ConclusionsThe development of fatal and nonfatal CVD events in our cohort was associated with older age, and treatable risk factors such as high blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and BMI. Lower CVD event rates in middle‐income countries may indicate under‐diagnosis of CVD in Asian‐Pacific resource‐limited settings.
Lnc‐SOX6‐1 upregulation correlates with poor risk stratification and worse treatment outcomes, and promotes cell proliferation while inhibits apoptosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guan Xianmin , Wen Xianhao , Xiao Jianwen , An Xizhou , Yu Jie , Guo Yuxia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the correlation of long noncoding RNA‐SOX6‐1 (lnc‐SOX6‐1) with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and further explore its function in AML cell proliferation and apoptosis.MethodsA total of 146 de novo pediatric AML patients and 73 nonhematologic malignancy patients/donors were recruited. Bone marrow samples were obtained, followed by measurement of lnc‐SOX6‐1 expression by qPCR. Besides, lnc‐SOX6‐1 expression in various AML cells and control cells was detected. Blank overexpression (NC (+)), lnc‐SOX6‐1 overexpression (Lnc RNA (+)), blank shRNA (NC (−)), and lnc‐SOX6‐1 shRNA plasmids (Lnc RNA (−)) were transferred into KG‐1 cells and THP‐1 cells. Cell proliferation rate and cell apoptosis rate were detected by CCK‐8 assay and AV/PI assay, respectively.ResultsLnc‐SOX6‐1 expression was upregulated in pediatric AML patients compared to controls, and its high expression correlated with the presence of monosomal karyotype, severer risk stratification, lower possibility of complete response achievement, shorter event‐free survival, and poor overall survival. Furthermore, lnc‐SOX6‐1 expression was elevated in various AML cells compared to normal cells. In KG‐1 cells and THP‐1 cells, cell proliferation rate was elevated in Lnc RNA (+) group but reduced in Lnc RNA (−) group at 48 and 72 hours, and cell apoptosis rate was decreased in Lnc RNA (+) group but increased in Lnc RNA (−) group at 72 hours compared to the corresponding control groups.ConclusionLnc‐SOX6‐1 is highly expressed and correlates with worse risk stratification and poor treatment outcomes, and promotes cell proliferation while represses apoptosis in pediatric AML.
Acute myeloid leukemia with t(10;11)(p11‐12;q23.3): Results of Russian Pediatric AML registration study
Authors: Zerkalenkova Elena , Lebedeva Svetlana , Kazakova Anna , Tsaur Grigory , Starichkova Yulia , Timofeeva Natalia , Soldatkina Olga , Aprelova Evgenia , Popov Aleksandr , Ponomareva Natalia , Baidun Ludmila , Meyer Claus , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Michael , Maschan Aleksey , Marschalek Rolf , Olshanskaya Yulia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionTranslocations involving the KMT2A gene (also known as MLL) are frequently diagnosed in pediatric acute leukemia cases with either lymphoblastic or myeloid origin. KMT2A is translocated to multiple partner genes, including MLLT10/AF10 localizing at chromosomal band 10p12. KMT2A‐MLLT10 is one of the common chimeric genes diagnosed in acute leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement (8%), especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 18%). MLLT10 is localized in very close proximity to two other KMT2A partner genes at 10p11‐12—NEBL and ABI1, so they could not be distinguished by conventional cytogenetics.MethodsIn this work, we present a cohort of 28 patients enrolled into Russian Pediatric AML registration study carrying rearrangements between chromosomal regions 11q23.3 and 10p11‐12. G‐banding, FISH, reverse transcription PCR, and long‐distance inverse PCR were used to characterize the KMT2A gene rearrangements in these patients.ResultsWe demonstrate that 25 patients harbor the KMT2A‐MLLT10 rearrangement, while three patients show the rare KMT2A rearrangements (2× KMT2A‐NEBL; 1× KMT2A‐ABI1).ConclusionsTherefore, the combination of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods is of high importance in diagnosing cases with t(10;11)(p11‐12;q23.3).
Olive oil in pharmacological and cosmetic traditions
Authors: Gorini Ilaria , Iorio Silvia , Ciliberti Rosagemma , Licata Marta , Armocida Giuseppe 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAmong the numerous natural substances used in medical remedies, oil certainly plays an important role and, over the centuries, there have been many functions and properties attributed to it. We present the processes that have seen it as protagonist in the pharmacological field and in the cosmetic field.
Toward a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) II: morphological and molecular insights into the taxonomy of the forgotten species Campylosira africana and of Extubocellulus, with a description of two new taxa
Authors: Dąbek Przemysław , Ashworth Matt P. , Górecka Ewa , Krzywda Marta , Bornman Thomas G. , Sato Shinya , Witkowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

New molecular and morphological insights are presented on Campylosira africana and two new species, Extubocellulus cupola sp. nov. and Plagiogrammopsis castigatus sp. nov. Species descriptions were based on LM/SEM micrographs and a data set with concatenated sequences of SSU, rbcL and psbC loci constructed from 56 cymatosiroid strains isolated from global geographic locations. Extubocellulus cupola is distinguished by a mesh‐like marginal ridge and dome‐shaped areolation, and P. castigatus, by a prominent marginal extension at the valve center. Campylosira africana, a species from South Africa described by Professor Malcolm Giffen, has never been documented through LM or SEM, which led some authors to place it in synonymy under Campylosira cymbelliformis. We confirm that C. africana is a distinct species and provide microphotographic documentation and DNA sequences. We present morphological evidence for the well‐known cymatosiroid species Extubocellulus spinifer possessing complete pili, and we emend the generic description of Extubocellulus.
The impact of the UK Baby Friendly Initiative on maternal and infant health outcomes: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Fallon Victoria May , Harrold Joanne Alison , Chisholm Anna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlobal evidence demonstrates that adherence to the Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) has a positive impact on multiple child health outcomes, including breastfeeding initiation and duration up to 1 year post‐partum. However, it is currently unclear whether these findings extend to specific countries with resource‐rich environments. This mixed‐methods systematic review aims to (a) examine the impact of BFI implementation (hospital and community) on maternal and infant health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK) and (b) explore the experiences and views of women receiving BFI‐compliant care in the UK. Two authors independently extracted data including study design, participants, and results. There is no UK data available relating to wider maternal or infant health outcomes. Two quantitative studies indicate that Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative implementation has a positive impact on breastfeeding outcomes up to 1 week post‐partum but this is not sustained. There was also some evidence for the positive impact of individual steps of Baby Friendly Community Initiative (n = 3) on breastfeeding up to 8 weeks post‐partum. Future work is needed to confirm whether BFI (hospital and community) is effective in supporting longer term breastfeeding and wider maternal and infant health outcomes in the UK. A meta‐synthesis of five qualitative studies found that support from health professionals is highly influential to women's experiences of BFI‐compliant care, but current delivery of BFI may promote unrealistic expectations of breastfeeding, not meet women's individual needs, and foster negative emotional experiences. These findings reinforce conclusions that the current approach to BFI needs to be situationally modified in resource‐rich settings.
A novel fungal effector from Puccinia graminis suppressing RNA silencing and plant defense responses
Authors: Yin Chuntao , Ramachandran Sowmya R. , Zhai Ying , Bu Chunya , Pappu Hanu R. , Hulbert Scot H. 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Fungal plant pathogens, like rust‐causing biotrophic fungi, secrete hundreds of effectors into plant cells to subvert host immunity and promote pathogenicity on their host plants by manipulating specific physiological processes or signal pathways, but the actual function has been demonstrated for very few of these proteins.

Here, we show that the PgtSR1 effector proteins, encoded by two allelic genes (PgtSR1‐a and PgtSR1‐b), from the wheat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), suppress RNA silencing in plants and impede plant defenses by altering the abundance of small RNAs that serve as defense regulators.

Expression of the PgtSR1s in plants revealed that the PgtSR1s promote susceptibility to multiple pathogens and partially suppress cell death triggered by multiple R proteins.

Overall, our study provides the first evidence that the filamentous fungus P. graminis has evolved to produce fungal suppressors of RNA silencing and indicates that PgtSR1s suppress both basal defenses and effector triggered immunity.
Emerging insights from the genetics of cerebral small‐vessel disease
Authors: Rutten‐Jacobs Loes C.A. , Rost Natalia S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCerebral small‐vessel disease (cSVD) is a common cause of stroke, functional decline, vascular cognitive impairment, and dementia. Pathological processes in the brain's microcirculation are tightly interwoven with pathology in the brain parenchyma, and this interaction has been conceptualized as the neurovascular unit (NVU). Despite intensive research efforts to decipher the NVU's structure and function to date, molecular mechanisms underlying cSVD remain poorly understood, which hampers the development of cSVD‐specific therapies. Important steps forward in understanding the disease mechanisms underlying cSVD have been made using genetic approaches in studies of both monogenic and sporadic SVD. We provide an overview of the NVU's structure and function, the implications for cSVD, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of dysfunction that have emerged from recent genetic studies of both monogenic and sporadic diseases of the small cerebral vasculature.
Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Jane , Alston Laura , Needham Cindy , Backholer Kathryn , Strugnell Claudia , Allender Steven , Nichols Melanie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPhysical inactivity is a major contributing factor to obesity, and both follow a socio‐economic gradient. This systematic review aims to identify whether the physical activity environment varies by socio‐economic position (SEP), which may contribute to socio‐economic patterning of physical activity behaviours, and in turn, obesity levels. Six databases were searched. Studies were included if they compared an objectively measured aspect of the physical activity environment between areas of differing SEP in a high‐income country. Two independent reviewers screened all papers. Results were classified according to the physical activity environment analysed: walkability/bikeability, green space, and recreational facilities. Fifty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A greater number of positive compared with negative associations were found between SEP and green space, whereas there were marginally more negative than positive associations between SEP and walkability/bikeability and recreational facilities. A high number of mixed and null results were found across all categories. With a high number of mixed and null results, clear socio‐economic patterning in the presence of physical activity environments in high‐income countries was not evident in this systematic review. Heterogeneity across studies in the measures used for both SEP and physical activity environments may have contributed to this result.
What is an autonomy supportive environment in geriatric care units? Focus group interviews with healthcare professionals
Authors: Souesme Guillaume , Ferrand Claude 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesGrounded in Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), the aim of the study was to define an autonomy supportive environment through the perceptions of different healthcare professionals in three geriatric care units within French public and private hospitals.Study designFour focus groups were conducted with healthcare professionals. Each focus group was videotaped and audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim.MethodsAn inductive approach was used, and data analysis was carried out using NVivo 10 software for Mac‐QSR International.ResultsThree themes were highlighted (a) building a relationship of trust with older people; (b) encouraging them to express themselves and (c) promoting progress.ConclusionThe present study provides some information and a reflection for healthcare professionals who might be interested in using a more autonomy‐supportive motivating style in their practice.
Pathways from insecure attachment dimensions to paranoia: The mediating role of hyperactivating emotion regulation versus blaming others
Authors: Ascone Leonie , Schlier Björn , Sundag Johanna , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThere is evidence of associations between insecure attachment and paranoia, but we do not yet fully understand the mediating mechanisms. Attachment theory emphasizes differential relatedness of insecure attachment dimensions (i.e., anxiety vs. avoidance) with specific emotion regulation styles (ER). We tested whether the associations between attachment anxiety versus avoidance and paranoia were mediated specifically by hyperactivating (i.e., the use of emotion‐amplifying strategies: self‐blame, rumination, catastrophization) versus blaming others ER, respectively. In addition, we explored whether self‐blame versus blaming others ER differentially mediated the associations between attachment anxiety versus avoidance and paranoia.MethodWe included 60 patients with psychosis and 40 healthy controls (HCs) with whom we conducted standardized diagnostic interviews. We assessed paranoia, attachment, and ER via questionnaires. A structural equation mediation model including attachment anxiety and avoidance (predictor), the ER styles (mediators), and paranoia (outcome) was calculated.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients exhibited significantly more attachment anxiety and avoidance, and used more hyperactivating ER as well as strategies of blaming others. We found a significant indirect effect between attachment anxiety and paranoia via hyperactivating ER in patients with psychosis. However, no significant indirect effects involving blaming others or self‐blame in any of the groups were found.ConclusionsOur study provides a starting point for further investigation of how paranoid delusions in psychosis could emerge from insecure attachment via ER. This might inspire further research into attachment theories of ER in paranoia. In the long term, this could provide a basis to develop interpersonally oriented interventions for this target group.Practitioner points

In individuals with psychosis, there appears to be an attachment‐specific emotion regulation (ER) pathway from attachment anxiety via hyperactivating ER to paranoia.

Blaming others did not explain the significant association between attachment avoidance and paranoia.

Attachment‐specific therapeutic approaches to paranoia, that focus on hyperactivating ER, could be a valid way to ameliorate paranoid delusions.