bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Middle Childhood and Body Mass Index Change Through Adolescence
Authors: Flannagan Kerry S. , Gahagan Sheila , Das Arun K. , Burrows Raquel A. , Lozoff Betsy , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) status in childhood may be associated with adiposity development. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess associations of serum PUFA biomarkers in childhood with change in body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z scores (BMIZ) through adolescence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We quantified serum PUFA at ages 5 and 10 years among 418 children from Santiago, Chile. BMI was measured at 5, 10, and 16 years. We compared BMIZ change through age 16 years between quartiles of PUFA at 5 and 10 years and PUFA change 5–10 years by fitting growth curves from mixed effects models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At age 5 years, serum docosahexaenoic acid was inversely associated with BMIZ change from ages 5 to 16 years. At age 10 years, arachidonic acid (AA) was nonlinearly positively related to BMIZ change from ages 10 to 16 years. Change in AA and the Δ5-desaturase (D5D) activity index between 5 and 10 years were each positively associated with BMIZ change from ages 10 to 16 years. Change in eicosapentaenoic acid was inversely associated with change in BMIZ. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Serum long-chain n-3 PUFA in middle childhood were associated with less BMI gain through adolescence, whereas AA and D5D activity was related to greater BMI gain.
Effects of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit on plasma levels of ceftolozane
Authors: Argudo Eduard , Riera Jordi , Luque Sonia , Los-Arcos Ibai , López-Meseguer Manuel , Sandiumenge Alberto , Nuvials Xavier , Grau Santiago , Ferrer Ricard 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: New antibiotics with bactericidal activity against multi-drug-resistant bacteria are increasingly used in the intensive care units. Here, we aimed to evaluate the influence of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on plasma levels of ceftolozane. Case report: A 34-year-old female was admitted to the intensive care unit after bilateral lung transplantation, complicated by primary graft dysfunction and cardiogenic shock needing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was started. Plasma ceftolozane levels were monitored on the first and third days of antibiotic treatment. A non-compartment pharmacokinetic analysis was performed and the extraction rate through the oxygenator was calculated. Discussion: The extracorporeal circuit of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may alter the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, to varying degrees due to drug sequestration and increased distribution volume. In this case, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit had little impact on the ceftolozane plasma concentration. Conclusion: Plasma levels of ceftolozane are stable in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit, suggesting that adjustment of standard doses of ceftolozane in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support may not be needed.
Usefulness of right ventricular contraction pressure index to predict short-term mortality and right heart failure in patients who underwent continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Kalenderoğlu Koray , Güvenç Tolga Sinan , Mete Müge Taşdemir , Kuplay Hüseyin , Ağustos Semra , Güzelburç Özge Çalbayram , Yıldırımtürk Özlem , Kozan Ömer , Aka Serap Aykut 
Published: August 2019

Background: Right ventricular stroke work index is a useful but invasively measured parameter that can be used to predict right heart failure following continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation. Right ventricular contraction pressure index is a novel parameter that was developed to measure right ventricular stroke work index with echocardiography. We aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of right ventricular contraction pressure index to predict short-term mortality and right heart failure in patients who underwent continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation. Methods: A total of 49 patients who participated in institutional advanced heart failure registry and underwent continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation with a bridge-to-candidacy indication were analyzed retrospectively. Right ventricular contraction pressure index was calculated using offline measurements. Demographic, clinical and outcome data were obtained from the registry data. Patients were grouped according to right ventricular contraction pressure index quartiles. Results: Patients within the lowest right ventricular contraction pressure index quartile had a trend toward higher short-term mortality (46.2%, p = 0.056) and combined short-term mortality and definitive right heart failure (53.8%, p = 0.054) at 15th day postoperatively. Similarly, short-term survival or survival free of definite right heart failure were significantly lower in the lowest right ventricular contraction pressure index quartile (log-rank p = 0.045 and log-rank p = 0.03, respectively). In a proportional hazards model that included echocardiographic parameters, right ventricular contraction pressure index was an independent predictor for short-term mortality (odds ratio: 6.777, 95% confidence interval: 1.118–41.098, p = 0.037), but not for combined short-term mortality and definite right heart failure. No such associations were found for long-term mortality. Right ventricular contraction pressure index had a statistically significant correlation with invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, mean pulmonary pressure, and right ventricular stroke work index. Conclusion: Right ventricular contraction pressure index was found as a useful parameter for determining short-term postoperative mortality in patients undergoing continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation.
Budget Impact of Improved Diabetes Management by Utilization of Glucose Meters With a Color-Range Indicator—Comparison of Five European Healthcare Systems
Authors: Fritzen Katharina , Basinska Kornelia , Stautner Constantin , Braun Karl F. , Rubio-Almanza Matilde , Nicolucci Antonio , Kennon Brian , Vergès Bruno , Hosny Yasser , Schnell Oliver 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: Costs for the treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities are a major international issue. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that the introduction of color range indicator (CRI)-based glucose meters (GMs) positively affects the HbA1c of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, when compared to GMs without a CRI. This budget impact analysis aimed to translate this beneficial effect of CRI-based GMs, OneTouch Verio Flex and OneTouch Verio, into potential monetary impact for the healthcare systems of five European countries, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom. Material and Methods: Data from a randomized controlled trial, evaluating the effect of CRI-based GMs, were used to estimate the ten-year risk of patients for fatal myocardial infarction (MI) as calculated by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine. On the basis of assessed risks for MI, the potential monetary impact for the healthcare systems in five European countries was modeled. Results: Based on a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.36%, as demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial, the UKPDS risk engine estimated a reduction of 2.4% of the ten-year risk of patients for fatal MI. When applied to our economic model, substantial potential cost savings for the healthcare systems of five European countries were calculated: €547 472 (France), €9.0 million (Germany), €6.0 million (Italy), €841 799 (Spain), and €421 069 (United Kingdom) per year. Conclusion: Improving metabolic control in patients with diabetes by the utilization of CRI-based GMs may have substantial positive effects on the expenditure of the healthcare systems of several European countries.
Comparative Analysis of two Methods of Measuring Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in HIV-Infected Omani Patients
Authors: Gaifer Zied , Boulassel Mohamed-Rachid 
Published: August 2019

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is crucial to achieve HIV suppression and to prolong survival of HIV-infected patients. Although monitoring of ART adherence is standard of HIV care, there is yet no optimal method to measure ART adherence. Therefore, it is essential to compare the effectiveness of different adherence measurement tools to predict HIV suppression. Methods: In this study, we measured ART adherence using pharmacy refill prescription and self-reported adherence questionnaire. Both the methods were compared for predicting HIV suppression in adult Omani HIV-infected patients attending the outpatient clinics at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. Results: A total of 141 HIV-infected patients were included. The pharmacy refill–based measure showed a median adherence rate of 98.90% (interquartile range [IQR]: 86%-99.45%). The self-report adherence questionnaire revealed a median adherence rate of 100% (IQR: 75-100). A significant positive correlation was found between the adherence rates measured by the 2 methods ( r = 0.32, P = .01). The pharmacy refill and self-report questionnaire adherence measures were both negatively correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels ( r = −0.20, P = .01 and r = −0.26, P = .04, respectively). Conclusion: Collectively, these findings suggest that pharmacy refill measure could serve as a valid and practical tool of ART adherence in routine clinical practice.
Nix-mediated mitophagy regulates platelet activation and life span
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Ma Qi , Siraj Sami , Ney Paul A. , Liu Junling , Liao Xudong , Yuan Yefeng , Li Wei , Liu Lei , Chen Quan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Platelet activation requires fully functional mitochondria, which provide a vital energy source and control the life span of platelets. Previous reports have shown that both general autophagy and selective mitophagy are critical for platelet function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that Nix, a previously characterized mitophagy receptor that plays a role in red blood cell maturation, also mediates mitophagy in platelets. Genetic ablation of Nix impairs mitochondrial quality, platelet activation, and FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis without affecting the expression of platelet glycoproteins (GPs) such as GPIb, GPVI, and αIIbβ3. Metabolic analysis revealed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, diminished oxygen consumption rate, and compromised adenosine triphosphate production in Nix−/− platelets. Transplantation of wild-type (WT) bone marrow cells or transfusion of WT platelets into Nix-deficient mice rescued defects in platelet function and thrombosis, suggesting a platelet-autonomous role (acting on platelets, but not other cells) of Nix in platelet activation. Interestingly, loss of Nix increases the life span of platelets in vivo, likely through preventing autophagic degradation of the mitochondrial protein Bcl-xL. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel mechanistic link between Nix-mediated mitophagy, platelet life span, and platelet physiopathology. Our work suggests that targeting platelet mitophagy Nix might provide new antithrombotic strategies.
Phase II California Cancer Consortium Trial of Gemcitabine-Eribulin Combination in Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Final Report (NCI-9653)
Authors: Sadeghi Sarmad , Groshen Susan G. , Tsao-Wei Denice D. , Parikh Rahul , Mortazavi Amir , Dorff Tanya B. , Kefauver Cheryl , Hoimes Christopher , Doyle Laurence , Quinn David I. , Newman Edward , Lara Jr Primo N. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma are often ineligible for cisplatin-based treatments. A National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–sponsored trial assessed the tolerability and efficacy of a gemcitabine-eribulin combination in this population. METHODS Patients with treatment-naïve advanced or recurrent metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, ureter, or urethra not amenable to curative surgery and not candidates for cisplatin-based therapy were eligible. Cisplatin ineligibility was defined as creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min (but ≥ 30 mL/min), grade 2 neuropathy, or grade 2 hearing loss. Treatment was gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously followed by eribulin 1.4 mg/m2, both on days 1 and 8, repeated in 21-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. A Simon two-stage phase II trial design was used to distinguish between Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 objective response rates of 20% versus 50%. RESULTS Between June 2015 and March 2017, 24 eligible patients with a median age of 73 years (range, 62 to 88 years) underwent therapy. Performance status of 0, 1, or 2 was seen in 11, 11, and two patients, respectively. Sites of disease included: lymph nodes, 16; lungs, nine; liver, seven; bladder, five; bones, two. Median number of cycles received was four (range, one to 16). Of 24 patients, 12 were confirmed responders; the observed objective response rate was 50% (95% CI, 29% to 71%). Median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 20.4 months), and median progression-free survival was 5.3 months (95% CI, 4.5 to 6.7 months). The most common treatment-related any-grade toxicities were fatigue (83% of patients), neutropenia (79%), anemia (63%), alopecia (50%), elevated AST (50%), and constipation, nausea, and thrombocytopenia (42% each). CONCLUSION Gemcitabine-eribulin treatment response and survival for cisplatin-ineligible patients compare favorably to other regimens. Additional research is needed.
The GH Axis in Relation to Accepting an Early Macronutrient Deficit and Outcome of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Van Dyck Lisa , Derese Inge , Vander Perre Sarah , Wouters Pieter J , Casaer Michaël P , Hermans Greet , Van den Berghe Greet , Vanhorebeek Ilse 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
Changes in the GH axis during critical illness resemble fasting in healthy adults and contribute to hypercatabolism, which potentially affects outcome. Accepting macronutrient deficits by withholding parenteral nutrition (PN) during the first week in the intensive care unit (ICU; late PN) reduced complications and accelerated recovery as compared with early use of PN (early PN).

Objective
To investigate how late PN affects the GH axis in relation to its clinical outcome benefits.

Design
Preplanned subanalysis of the Early Parenteral Nutrition Completing Enteral Nutrition in Adult Critically Ill Patients randomized controlled trial.

Participants
A total of 1128 patients for time-course study, 20 patients investigated for nocturnal GH pulsatility, and 600 patients investigated for muscle weakness, with early PN and late PN patients having comparable baseline characteristics.

Intervention
Withholding PN during the first ICU week (late PN) vs early PN.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in serum GH, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 3, and IGFBP1 concentrations from ICU admission to day 4 or last ICU day for patients with a shorter ICU stay (d4/LD) and association in multivariable analyses with likelihood of earlier live ICU discharge, risk of new infection, and muscle weakness.

Results
Late PN attenuated a rise in serum GH and IGF-I (P < 0.0001), did not affect IGFBP3, and attenuated a decrease in IGFBP1 concentrations from admission to d4/LD (P < 0.0001) as compared with early PN. Late PN decreased nonpulsatile (P = 0.005), but not pulsatile, GH secretion. Adjusting the multivariable models for the observed GH axis alterations increased the independent benefit of late PN for all outcomes. GH axis alterations induced by late PN were independently associated with adverse outcomes (P ≤ 0.03).

Conclusion
Accepting macronutrient deficits early during critical illness further suppressed the GH axis, which statistically attenuated its clinical outcome benefits.
Age-Specific Serum Total and Free Estradiol Concentrations in Healthy Men in US Nationally Representative Samples
Authors: Chadid Susan , Barber John R , Rohrmann Sabine , Nelson William G , Yager James D , Kanarek Norma F , Bradwin Gary , Dobs Adrian S , McGlynn Katherine A , Platz Elizabeth A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To report age-specific serum estradiol concentration in nonsmoking, lean US men without comorbidities. We provide concentrations from 30 and 15 to 20 years ago given previously described declines in serum estradiol in US men over time.

Methods
We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988 to 1991) and continuous NHANES (1999 to 2004). Serum estradiol and SHBG were previously measured by competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Free estradiol was estimated from estradiol, SHBG, and albumin. By age, we calculated median concentrations overall and for nonsmoking, lean (body mass index <25 kg/m2 and waist <102 cm) men without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer.

Results
Overall, respective total estradiol medians for men ages 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and ≥60 years old were 37.0, 33.9, and 33.5 pg/mL in NHANES III and 31.3, 30.5, and 27.0 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. In nonsmoking, lean men without comorbidities, respective total estradiol medians were 32.0, 32.1, and 32.0 pg/mL in NHANES III and 29.1, 22.7, and 26.1 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. Overall, respective free estradiol medians were 0.82, 0.72, and 0.64 pg/mL in NHANES III and 0.67, 0.61, and 0.47 pg/mL in continuous NHANES. In nonsmoking, lean men without comorbidities, respective free estradiol medians were 0.64, 0.67, and 0.62 pg/mL in NHANES III and 0.58, 0.42, and 0.40 pg/mL continuous NHANES.

Conclusion
We report US nationally representative serum estradiol concentrations in healthy men, which could be used for targeting estradiol during testosterone supplementation and for general good health.
Altering integrin engagement regulates membrane localization of Kir2.1 channels
Authors: Sengupta Swarnali , Rothenberg Katheryn E. , Li Hanjun , Hoffman Brenton D. , Bursac Nenad 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
How ion channels localize and distribute on the cell membrane remains incompletely understood. We show that interventions that vary cell adhesion proteins and cell size also affect the membrane current density of inward-rectifier K+ channels (Kir2.1; encoded by KCNJ2) and profoundly alter the action potential shape of excitable cells. By using micropatterning to manipulate the localization and size of focal adhesions (FAs) in single HEK293 cells engineered to stably express Kir2.1 channels or in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we establish a robust linear correlation between FA coverage and the amplitude of Kir2.1 current at both the local and whole-cell levels. Confocal microscopy showed that Kir2.1 channels accumulate in membrane proximal to FAs. Selective pharmacological inhibition of key mediators of protein trafficking and the spatially dependent alterations in the dynamics of Kir2.1 fluorescent recovery after photobleaching revealed that the Kir2.1 channels are transported to the cell membrane uniformly, but are preferentially internalized by endocytosis at sites that are distal from FAs. Based on these results, we propose adhesion-regulated membrane localization of ion channels as a fundamental mechanism of controlling cellular electrophysiology via mechanochemical signals, independent of the direct ion channel mechanogating.
Intensity modulated radiotherapy in combination with endocrinotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Sumei , Zhao Shufen , Fu Xinzhen 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy and endocrinotherapy for middle and advanced prostate cancer.
Methods: Total 104 elderly patients with middle and advanced prostate cancer who were admitted to our hospital from November 2014 to August 2015 were selected using random number table method. They were divided into intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with endocrinotherapy group (observation group) and conventional radiotherapy combined with endocrinotherapy group (control group), 52 each. The serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and free prostate antigen (f PSA) were measured three months after treatment. The short-term efficacy and toxic and side effects of the patients were observed, and the survival rate was recorded through three-year follow up.
Results: The clinical effective rate of the observation group was 92.68%, and that of the control group was 70.73%; there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The serum PSA and f PSA levels of the two groups were similar before treatment, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The serum PSA and f PSA levels after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The one-year and three-year survival rates of the two groups were significantly different (90.0 vs. 80.0%, 60.0 vs. 43.3%, P>0.05).
Conclusion: Intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with endocrinotherapy was safe and well tolerated in the treatment of middle and advanced prostate cancer. It can improve the short-term efficacy and effectively reduce the serum oncological index concentration of patients. It can be promoted in clinics.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.591
How to cite this:Zhang S, Zhao S, Fu X. Intensity modulated radiotherapy in combination with endocrinotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced Prostatic Cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1264-1269. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.591
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