bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiation and resistance: a history of consumption in British India
Authors: Sreekumar Hari 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the key literature pertaining to consumption during the colonial period in India, broadly covering the time period from the early nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. The review shows the prominent themes and patterns that help us understand colonial Indian consumers’ encounter with Western products and institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a review of historical research papers and papers pertaining to the colonial period in India.

Findings
British colonialism introduced new products, institutions and ways of living into India, which were negotiated with and contested by Indian consumers and intellectuals. These new products and practices were not seamlessly adopted into the Indian context. Rather, they were appropriated into existing social structures determined by caste, gender and religion. The tensions produced by such negotiations and contestations fed Indian resistance to colonialism, culminating in British withdrawal from India.

Originality/value
Historical research pertaining to marketing in the Indian context is scarce. Moreover, there are few reviews which outline the important consumption practices and changes pertaining to the colonial period. The findings of this review will be of use to researchers and students of history, marketing and cultural studies.
Revisiting Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak” through the lens of affect theory
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to revisit Spivak’s seminal essay “Can the Subaltern Speak” and the perennial challenges of researchers to collect information about the Other, focusing on the recent developments in affect theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper brings into the conversation the recent work on affect and sentimentality by Lauren Berlant with Spivak’s claims in the essay concerning the representation of the subaltern by scholars and researchers. The paper draws on Berlant’s work to trouble the liberal culture of “true feeling” as well as the liberal subject implied in Spivak’s essay as a subject who is “actively speaking.”

Findings
Recent theoretical developments on the affect theory make an important intervention to the perennial methodological tensions about representation, ontology and epistemology – as raised by Spivak and others over the years – and inspire new ways of thinking with the tools of doing qualitative research.

Originality/value
Bringing into the conversation, the affect theory and Spivak’s iconic essay have important methodological implications for qualitative research.
Portfolio balance effects and the Federal Reserve’s large-scale asset purchases
Authors: Emmerling Thomas , Jarrow Robert , Yildirim Yildiray 
Published: February 2018

PurposeWhereas much of previous literature focuses upon the impact on yields from the Federal Reserve’s large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs), the purpose of this paper is to study the changes to expected returns.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical investigation offers support for changes to risk premia coincident with LSAPs.FindingsFor both equity and bonds, the authors find evidence for supply/demand LSAPs effects; the equity effects are consistent with a substitution effect from bonds to equities, whereas the bond effects appear to be an anomaly.Originality/valueThe findings represent new insight for weighing the efficacy and identifying the scope of LSAPs.
Spatial patterns of pathogenic and mutualistic fungi across the elevational range of a host plant
Authors: Merges Dominik , Bálint Miklós , Schmitt Imke , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Neuschulz Eike Lena 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Fungi are both agents of disease and mutualistic partners of plants. Previous studies have tested the effects of abiotic or biotic factors on plant‐associated fungal communities in isolation. However, to better understand patterns of plant–fungal associations, the combined effects of abiotic and biotic drivers across environmental gradients may be important.

We investigated the effects of temperature, pH, soil moisture, vegetation cover and distance to host plant on the occurrence and abundance of fungi associated with Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra). We did this by DNA metabarcoding 288 soil samples taken across and beyond the elevation range of P. cembra (i.e. 1,850–2,250 m a.s.l.) in two valleys in the Swiss Alps. We modelled the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on DNA read abundance of pathogenic and mutualistic fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with P. cembra. We also tested whether abiotic and biotic factors differentially affected fungi of varying host specificity (i.e. host generalists, host specialists).

We found that the occurrences of both host generalist and specialist fungi exceeded the current elevational range of their host plant. Abiotic factors had only minor effects on the abundances of all fungal OTUs. However, we found positive effects of the host plant on the abundance of a host specialist pathogenic fungus, providing support for a Janzen–Connell effect of high pathogen accumulation close to conspecific host plants. We also found a positive response to the host plant in a specialist ectomycorrhizal fungus, suggesting an “inverse” Janzen–Connell effect.

Synthesis. Our findings imply that negative distance dependence shapes not only the distribution of host‐specific fungal pathogens, but also host‐specific fungal mutualists. We conclude that the occurrence of both pathogenic and mutualistic fungi beyond the current elevational range of host plants may determine their potential range shifts under projected climate warming.
The pH dependency of N‐converting enzymatic processes, pathways and microbes: effect on net N2O production
Authors: Blum Jan‐Michael , Su Qingxian , Ma Yunjie , Valverde‐Pérez Borja , Domingo‐Félez Carlos , Jensen Marlene Mark , Smets Barth F. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryNitrous oxide (N2O) is emitted during microbiological nitrogen (N) conversion processes, when N2O production exceeds N2O consumption. The magnitude of N2O production vs. consumption varies with pH and controlling net N2O production might be feasible by choice of system pH. This article reviews how pH affects enzymes, pathways and microorganisms that are involved in N‐conversions in water engineering applications. At a molecular level, pH affects activity of cofactors and structural elements of relevant enzymes by protonation or deprotonation of amino acid residues or solvent ligands, thus causing steric changes in catalytic sites or proton/electron transfer routes that alter the enzymes' overall activity. Augmenting molecular information with, e.g., nitritation or denitrification rates yields explanations of changes in net N2O production with pH. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria are of highest relevance for N2O production, while heterotrophic denitrifiers are relevant for N2O consumption at pH > 7.5. Net N2O production in N‐cycling water engineering systems is predicted to display a ‘bell‐shaped’ curve in the range of pH 6.0–9.0 with a maximum at pH 7.0–7.5. Net N2O production at acidic pH is dominated by N2O production, whereas N2O consumption can outweigh production at alkaline pH. Thus, pH 8.0 may be a favourable pH set‐point for water treatment applications regarding net N2O production.
Glycoside hydrolase DisH from Desulfovibrio vulgaris degrades the N‐acetylgalactosamine component of diverse biofilms
Authors: Zhu Lei , Poosarla Venkata G. , Song Sooyeon , Wood Thammajun L. , Miller Daniel S. , Yin Bei , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBiofilms of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) produce H2S, which contributes to corrosion. Although bacterial cells in biofilms are cemented together, they often dissolve their own biofilm to allow the cells to disperse. Using Desulfovibrio vulgaris as a model SRB, we sought polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes that disperse its biofilm. Using a whole‐genome approach, we identified eight enzymes as putative extracellular glycoside hydrolases including DisH (DVU2239, dispersal hexosaminidase), an enzyme that we demonstrated here, by utilizing various p‐nitrooligosaccharide substrates, to be an N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐hexosaminidase. For N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactosamine (GalNAc), Vmax was 3.6 µmol of p‐nitrophenyl/min (mg protein)−1 and Km was 0.8 mM; the specific activity for N‐acetyl β‐D‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) was 7.8 µmol of p‐nitrophenyl/min (mg protein)−1. Since GalNAc is one of the three exopolysaccharide matrix components of D. vulgaris, purified DisH was found to disperse 63 ± 2% biofilm as well as inhibit biofilm formation up to 47 ± 4%. The temperature and pH optima are 60°C and pH 6, respectively; DisH is also inhibited by copper and is secreted. In addition, since polymers of GalNAc and GlcNAc are found in the matrix of diverse bacteria, DisH dispersed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, DisH has the potential to inhibit and disperse a wide‐range of biofilms.
Genome re‐sequencing and simple sequence repeat markers reveal the existence of divergent lineages in the Canadian Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici population with extensive DNA methylation
Authors: Brar Gurcharn S. , Ali Sajid , Qutob Dinah , Ambrose Stephen , Lou Kun , Maclachlan Ron , Pozniak Curtis J. , Fu Yong‐Bi , Sharpe Andrew G. , Kutcher Hadley R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an important disease in Canada. The worldwide genetic structure of Pst populations have been characterized, excluding Canada. Here, we elucidated the genetic structure of the western Canadian Pst population using molecular markers, revealing the presence of four divergent lineages with predominantly clonal structure. In the worldwide context, two previously reported lineages were identified: PstS0 (22%), representing an old Northwestern‐European and PstS1 (35%), an invasive warm‐temperature adapted. Additionally, two new, unreported lineages, PstPr (9%) and PstS1‐related (35%), were detected, which produced more telia than other lineages and had double the number of unique recombination events. The PstPr was a recent invasion, and likely evolved in a diverse, recombinant population as it was closely related to the PstS5, PstS7/Warrior, PstS8/Kranich, and PstS9 lineages originating from sexually recombining populations in the centre of diversity. The DNA methylation analysis revealed DNA‐methyltransferase1‐homologs, providing compelling evidence for epigenetic regulation and as a first report, an average of ∼5%, 5hmC in the Puccinia epigenome merits further investigation. The divergent lineages in the Canadian Pst population with the potential for genetic recombination, as well as epigenetic regulation needs consideration in the context of pathogen adaptation and management.
The evolving contribution of non‐communicable diseases to maternal mortality in Jamaica, 1998–2015: a population‐based study
Authors: McCaw‐Binns AM , Campbell LV , Spence SS 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe trends in indirect cause‐specific pregnancy‐related mortality from 1998 to 2015.DesignSecondary analysis of annual, national cross‐sectional database of maternal and late maternal deaths, identified through active surveillance of deaths among women aged 10–50 years.SettingJamaica, a middle‐income Caribbean country.PopulationMaternal and late maternal deaths.MethodsDescriptive trend analyses of demographic and cause‐specific maternal and pregnancy‐related mortality ratios undertaken comparing the periods 1998–2003, 2004–2009 and 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to confirm changes in risk of indirect death.Main outcome measuresMaternal, pregnancy‐related, direct, indirect and cause‐specific mortality ratios (deaths/100 000 live births).ResultsMaternal deaths from indirect conditions increased between the first two periods (P = 0.004) and stabilised in the third (P = 0.085). Associated with upward movement in cardiovascular deaths (P[trend] = 0.003), women under 25 years were at elevated risk (odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.08; P = 0.052). Haematological/immunological conditions (69% sickle cell disease) ranked second but did not vary with time. Health service utilisation was similar across age, parity, health region and major cause categories (non‐communicable diseases, non‐obstetric infections, direct), however women with indirect conditions spent more time in hospital (median 5 days versus 3 days) and more often died after the puerperium.ConclusionsMedical conditions, especially cardiovascular disease, are increasingly associated with maternal and late maternal mortality. Middle‐income countries need to simultaneously improve management of indirect conditions, while redoubling efforts to reduce direct deaths. Postpuerperal medical services should be integrated into routine infant health services to improve continuity of care during this high‐risk period.Tweetable abstractMaternal survival (SDG 3.1) in LMICs requires better care for women with both non‐communicable diseases and obstetric conditions.
Super High‐Flux Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis Using Regional Citrate Anticoagulation: Long‐Term Stability of Middle Molecule Clearance
Authors: Siebeck Martin , Dimski Thomas , Brandenburger Timo , Slowinski Torsten , Kindgen‐Milles Detlef 
Published: February 2018

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy is a standard treatment in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. All CRRT techniques provide a high low‐molecular weight clearance but even with hemofiltration, clearance of middle molecules is low. We investigated whether a new super high‐flux hemofilter provides effective and sustained middle molecule clearance during citrate‐anticoagulated continuous venovenous hemodialysis for up to 72 h. We included 14 critically ill patients with AKI‐KDIGO‐III in a prospective observational trial. We measured/calculated blood and urine concentrations, clearances and sieving coefficients of eight molecules with molecular weights from 60 to 66 kDa, hemodynamic parameters and SAPS‐II scores. All filters were patent at 72 h. Clearance and sieving coefficients of small solutes were high and sustained over time, those for larger solutes decreased over 72 h but remained high enough to decrease blood concentrations of solutes up to 25 kDa. Albumin serum levels remained unaffected. Catecholamine doses and SAPS‐II scores decreased significantly. This new hemofilter may improve blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI.
Validation of the Swedish version of Quality of Recovery score ‐15: a multicentre, cohort study
Authors: Lyckner S. , Böregård I.‐L. , Zetterlund E.‐L. , Chew M. S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundQuality of recovery (QoR) after surgery is often focused on morbidity, mortality and physiological changes, while well‐being and emotional state are other important aspects that are often ignored. QoR is poorly investigated in clinical settings and a psychometrically tested questionnaire, QoR‐15, has recently been developed. QoR‐15 has not been validated for Swedish conditions. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate QoR‐15 to Swedish conditions (QoR‐15swe).MethodsA translation and cultural adaption was performed resulting in a Swedish version of the instrument, QoR‐15swe. Patients answered the QoR‐15swe before surgery, 24 and 48 h after surgery. Feasibility, validity, reliability and responsiveness of the QoR‐15swe were evaluated.ResultsThe QoR‐15swe was feasible in 85.5% of the eligible patients. Construct validity was good, with significant correlations between QoR‐15swe score and, ASA‐PS class, grade of surgery, length of surgery and time in the post‐anaesthesia care unit. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency with an inter‐item Cronbach's α of 0.83–0.87, and inter‐dimension Cronbach's α was acceptable 0.71–0.76. Test‐retest repeatability was also good with Cronbach′s alpha > 0.99 and an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.992 (CI: 0.981–0.997). There were no floor and ceiling effects. Responsiveness assessed by Cliff's effect size was −0.23 indicating a moderate ability to detect change at 24 h postoperatively.ConclusionWe have translated and culturally adapted the QoR‐15 into Swedish. The score demonstrated acceptable validity, reliability and responsiveness. The QoR‐15swe is a clinically acceptable and feasible outcome measure after surgery in a Swedish population.
THE PUBLIC ECONOMICS OF LONG‐TERM CARE. A SURVEY OF RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors: KLIMAVICIUTE Justina , PESTIEAU Pierre 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWith the rapid increase in LTC needs, the negligible role of the market and the declining role of informal family care, the government is expected take a more proactive role in the support of dependent elderly, particularly those who cannot count on assistance from their family. The purpose of this paper is to survey a number of recent papers that analyze the possibility of designing a sustainable public LTC scheme integrating both the market and the family.
An Irish national vegetation classification system for aquatic river macrophytes
Authors: Weekes Lynda , Kącki Zygmunt , FitzPatrick Úna , Kelly Fiona , Matson Ronan , Kelly‐Quinn Mary 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo construct a classification system for Irish aquatic river vegetation that is directly comparable to European aquatic vegetation classification units.LocationA total of 2,415 river vegetation plots with a wide geographic distribution across both the Republic and Northern Ireland.MethodsThe plots were recorded from a range of river types from upland streams to wadeable lowland rivers. A total of 1,613 plots were classified using supervised K‐means clustering through the programme JUICE. The Phi co‐efficient for presence/absence data was used to measure fidelity of the vegetation communities.ResultsThe vegetation communities could be initially sub‐divided in to four main categories: (1) bryophyte‐dominated aquatic vegetation, (2) bryophyte‐dominated marginal vegetation, (3) vascular plant‐dominated aquatic vegetation and (4) vascular plant‐dominated marginal/emergent vegetation. Within these four categories the vegetation was classified into seven classes, 18 alliances and 30 associations. Descriptions are given for each including variants and sub‐associations if found at association level.ConclusionsThere is a rich diversity of bryophyte communities within Irish rivers and they are an integral part of the river network, whereas there was less diversity among vascular plant communities. The distinction between some communities was not as sharp as expected for a variety of reasons discussed in this paper, nevertheless, a working classification system was constructed.
Relationship Between Glucocerebrosidase Activity and Clinical Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Gaucher Disease Type I
Authors: Gras‐Colomer Elena , Martínez‐Gómez María‐Amparo , Climente‐Martí Mónica , Fernandez‐Zarzoso Miguel , Almela‐Tejedo Mercedes , Giner‐Galvañ Vicente , Marcos‐Rodríguez Jose‐Antonio , Rodríguez‐Fernández Alicia , Torralba‐Cabeza Miguel‐Ángel , Merino‐Sanjuan Matilde 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe quantification of enzyme activity in the patient treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been suggested as a tool for dosage individualization, so we conducted a study to evaluate the relationship between glucocerebrosidase activity and clinical response in patients with Gaucher disease type I (GD1) to ERT. The study included patients diagnosed with GD1, who were being treated with ERT, and healthy individuals. Markers based on glucocerebrosidase activity measurement in patients’ leucocytes were studied: enzyme activity at 15 min. post‐infusion (Act75) reflects the amount of enzyme that is distributed in the body post‐ERT infusion, and accumulated glucocerebrosidase activity during ERT infusion (Act75‐0) indicates the total drug exposure during infusion. The clinical response was evaluated based on criteria established by Pastores et al. and Gaucher Severity Score Index. Statistical analysis included ROC analysis and area under the curve test. Act75 and Act75‐0 were found to be moderate predictive markers of an optimal clinical response (area under the ROC of Act75 was 0.733 and Act75‐0 was 0.817). Act75‐0 showed statistical significance in its discriminative capacity (p < 0.05) for obtaining an optimal response to ERT. The cut‐off point was 58% (RR = 1.800; 95% CI: 1.003–3.229; p < 0.05). Moreover, Act75 showed a significant and inverse correlation with the Gaucher Severity Score Index, and Act75 and Act75‐0 presented a significant correlation with residual enzyme activity at diagnosis. Markers based on glucocerebrosidase activity have a good correlation with clinical response to ERT. Therefore, it could provide supporting clinical data for dose management in GD1 patients.
Inequalities in dental caries experience among 4‐year‐old New Zealand children
Authors: Shackleton Nichola , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Thornley Simon , Milne Barry J. , Crengle Sue , Exeter Daniel J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate ethnic‐specific deprivation gradients in early childhood dental caries experience considering different domains of deprivation.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional near whole population‐level data on 318 321 four‐year‐olds attending the “B4 School check,” a national health and development check in New Zealand, across 6 fiscal years (2010/2011 to 2015/2016). The “lift the lip” screening tool was used to estimate experience of any caries and severe caries. We investigated deprivation gradients using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), which measures seven domains of deprivation across 5958 geographical areas (“data zones”). Ethnicity was categorized into five groups: (i) Māori, (ii) Pacific, (iii) Asian, (iv) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African (MELAA) and (v) European & Other (combined). We used a random intercepts model to estimate mutually adjusted associations between deprivation, ethnicity, age, fiscal year, and evidence of any dental caries experience.ResultsReports of any caries experience decreased from 15.8% (95% CI: 15.7; 15.9%) to 14.7% 95% CI: 14.4; 14.8%), while reports of severe caries experience increased from 3.0% (95% CI: 3.0; 3.1%) to 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3; 4.5%) from 2010/2011 to 2015/2016. This varied by ethnicity with larger increases in severe caries for Pacific children from 7.1% (95% CI: 6.8; 7.4%) to 14.1% (95% CI: 13.7; 14.5%). There were deprivation gradients in dental caries experience with considerable variation by ethnicity and by domain of deprivation. The association between deprivation and dental caries experience was weakest for Asian children and was most pronounced for Pacific and Māori children.ConclusionSocioeconomic gradients in dental caries experience are evident by age 4 years, and these gradients vary by ethnicity and domain of deprivation.