bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro degradation and methane production of short-season corn hybrids harvested before or after a light frost
Authors: Aboagye I.A. , Baron V.S. , Oba M. , Guyader J. , Beauchemin K.A. 
Published: May 2019

In western Canada, short-season corn silage production is increasing due to its potentially high nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine variability and relationships among nutrient concentration, degradability, and methane (CH4) production of short-season whole-plant corn hybrids harvested before or after light frost (−1.5 °C). Four hybrids, based on their corn heat unit rating (≤2600, CHU rating), were grown in 2 yr in central and southern Alberta (AB) with two field replications. The batch culture and Daisy fermenter techniques were used to characterize degradability and gas production measurements. At both locations, dry matter (DM) concentration was affected by harvest and hybrid (P ≤ 0.02). However, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations differed (P ≤ 0.01) or tended (P = 0.07) to differ among harvest and hybrid only in central AB. Over both locations and harvest times, CH4production was related negatively to propionate and positively to acetate proportions. In conclusion, harvesting southern AB hybrids after frost increased DM concentration and NDF degradability with no effect on CH4emissions, but the high DM concentration may negatively affect silage quality and animal performance. Harvesting central AB hybrids after frost increased DM and starch concentrations, while reducing CH4emissions but had limited effects on nutrient degradability.
Using phosphor to enhance the efficiency of commercial solar cells
Authors: Yuan Zhan-Sheng , Chen Chih-Cheng , Lie Yu-Ying , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: May 2019

The non-rare-earth phosphor Ca2ZnMoO6 has a luminescence of 375–655 nm and emits near-white light. This study investigated it as a down-shifting layer to improve the efficiency of commercial flexible solar cells. The first structure was a solar cell/thick-film Ca2ZnMoO6 phosphor layer (TLDU device); a controlled light source was shone on the top, and UV light was shone on the bottom. The second structure was a solar cell/thick-film Ca2ZnMoO6 phosphor layer with an Al reflective layer (TLDR device), and only a controlled light source was used. We compared the power output efficiencies of the two structures with the efficiency of a control device. When the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] properties of the three different devices were measured, the [Formula: see text] value underwent no apparent change, but the [Formula: see text] increased in the TLDU and TLDR devices. These results suggest that if placed on the bottom surface of commercial solar cells, Ca2ZnMoO6 phosphor could improve their efficiency.
CASE REPORT: LIPOSARCOMA WITH MICROVASCULAR PROLIFERATION IN A COCKATIEL (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Chang Jung-Chin , Tsai Fang-Yi , Lee Yu-Shing , Wang Ruo-Chan , Kao Ju-Pai , Chiou Hue-Ying , Liao Jiunn-Wang 
Published: May 2019

A five-year-old female cockatiel weighing 117 g was presented with a fast-growing mass beside the uropygial gland. Excisional biopsy was performed and the mass measured [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm in size and weighed 30.6 g. On the surface of cut sections, the mass was yellow-brown with white or yellow colloidal substances and red exudate. Histopathology showed that the tumor mass was covered by the skin and located in the deep dermis and hypodermis. The tumor consisted of abundant vascular adipose tissue and lipoblasts with intracytoplasmic lipid droplets, which varied in size. Also, small, well-differentiated blood vessels, with varied degrees of congestion and dilation, were observed within the tumor. Histochemically, staining with Oil red O produced a positive reaction in which the lipid droplets presented a reddish color. Immunohistochemistry produced positive staining for Desmin and successfully marked the muscular layers of blood vessels. On the basis of these results, a rare case of liposarcoma with microvascular proliferation adjacent to the uropygial gland was diagnosed in a cockatiel.
Hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylase inhibition enhances the protective effects of cyclosporine in colitis
Authors: Halligan Doug N. , Khan Mohammed N. , Brown Eric , Rowan Catherine R. , Coulter Ivan S. , Doherty Glen A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Taylor Cormac T. 
Published: May 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction with resultant inflammation as the mucosal immune system becomes exposed to luminal antigens. The hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) reduces symptoms in experimental colitis through the upregulation of genes promoting barrier function and inhibition of epithelial cell apoptosis. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine reduces inflammation associated with IBD via suppression of immune cell activation. Given the distinct barrier protective effect of DMOG and the anti-inflammatory properties of cyclosporine, we hypothesized that combining these drugs may provide an enhanced protective effect by targeting both barrier dysfunction and inflammation simultaneously. We used the dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis in C57BL/6 mice to determine the combinatorial efficacy of cyclosporine and DMOG. While cyclosporine and DMOG ameliorated disease progression, in combination they had an additive protective effect that surpassed the level of protection afforded by either drug alone. The ability of DMOG to augment the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclosporine was largely due to preservation of barrier function and at least in part due to zonula occludens-1 regulation. We propose that combining the barrier protective effects of a hydroxylase inhibitor with the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclosporine provides added therapeutic benefit in colitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease is the result of decreased intestinal epithelial barrier function leading to exposure of the mucosal immune system to luminal antigens causing inflammation, which in turn further decreases epithelial barrier function. We demonstrate for the first time that strengthening the epithelial barrier with a hydroxylase inhibitor in combination with the administration of the immunosuppressive cyclosporine provides additive therapeutic advantage in a murine model of colitis
Fatigue-independent alterations in muscle activation and effort perception during forearm exercise: role of local oxygen delivery
Authors: Drouin P. J. , Kohoko Z. I. N. , Mew O. K. , Lynn M. J. T. , Fenuta A. M. , Tschakovsky M. E. 
Published: May 2019

The oxygen-conforming response (OCR) of skeletal muscle refers to a downregulation of muscle force for a given muscle activation when oxygen delivery (O2D) is reduced, which is rapidly reversed when O2D is restored. We tested the hypothesis that the OCR exists in voluntary human exercise and results in compensatory changes in muscle activation to maintain force output, thereby altering perception of effort. In eight men and eight women, electromyography (EMG), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), forearm blood flow (FBF), and task effort awareness (TEA) were measured. Participants completed two nonfatiguing rhythmic handgrip tests consisting of 5-min steady state (SS) followed by two bouts of 2-min brachial artery compression to reduce FBF by ~50% of SS (C1 and C2), separated by 2 min of no compression (NC1) and ending with 2 min of no compression (NC2). When FBF was compromised during C1, EMG/Force (1.58 ± 0.39) increased compared with SS (1.31 ± 0.33, P = 0.001). However, EMG/Force was not restored upon FBF restoration at NC1 (1.48 ± 0.38, P = 0.479), consistent with C1 evoking skeletal muscle fatigue. When FBF was compromised during C2, EMG/Force increased (1.73 ± 0.50) compared with NC1 (1.48 ± 0.38, P = 0.013). EMG/Force returned to NC1 levels during NC2 (1.50 ± 0.39, P = 0.016), consistent with an OCR in C2. TEA (SS 2.2 ± 2.3, C1 3.9 ± 2.5, NC1 3.4 ± 2.7, C2 4.6 ± 2.7, NC2 3.9 ± 2.8) mirrored changes in EMG. It is noteworthy that during the second compromise and then restoration of muscle oxygenation EMG and TEA were rapidly restored to precompromise levels. We interpreted these findings to support the existence of an OCR and its ability to rapidly modify perception of effort during voluntary exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy individuals, when force output is maintained during rhythmic handgrip exercise, muscle activation and perception of effort rapidly increase with compromised muscle oxygen delivery (O2D) and then return to precompromised levels when muscle O2D is restored. These findings suggest that an oxygen-conforming response (OCR) exists and is able to modify perception of effort during voluntary exercise. Therefore, similar to fatigue, an OCR may have implications for exercise tolerance.
Abstract B03: Sequential liquid biopsies reveal dynamic alterations of EGFR driver mutations and indicate EGFR amplification as a new mechanism of resistance to osimertinib in NSCLC
Authors: Knebel Franciele , Bettoni Fabiana , Shimada Andrea , Cruz Manoel , Alessi João Victor , Negrão Marcelo , Reis Luiz Fernando , Katz Artur , Camargo Anamaria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Osimertinib is an EGFR-T790M-specific TKI, which has demonstrated impressive response rates in NSCLC, after failure to first-line anti-EGFR TKIs. However, acquired resistance to osimertinib is also observed and the molecular mechanisms of resistance are not yet fully understood. Monitoring and managing NSCLC patients who progressed on osimertinib is, therefore, emerging as an important clinical challenge. Serial liquid biopsies were used to monitor a patient with EGFR-exon19del positive NSCLC, who received erlotinib and progressed through the acquisition of the EGFR-T790M mutation. Erlotinib was discontinued and she received osimertinib. Blood samples were collected at erlotinib progression and during osimertinib treatment for the detection of the activating (EGFR-exon19del) and resistance mutations (EGFR-T790M, EGFR-C797S, BRAF-V600E, METamp and ERBB2amp) in the plasma DNA using digital droplet PCR. Plasma levels of the activating EGFR-exon19del accurately paralleled the clinical and radiologic progression of the disease and allowed early detection of AR to osimertinib. Resistance to osimertinib coincided with the emergence of a small tumor cell subpopulation carrying the known EGFR-C797S resistance mutation and an additional subpopulation carrying amplified copies of EGFR-exon19del. Given the existence of multiple AR mechanism, quantification of the original EGFR activation mutation, instead of the resistance mutations, can be efficiently used to monitor response to osimertinib, allowing early detection of AR. Absolute quantification of both activation and resistance mutations can provide important information on tumor clonal evolution upon progression to osimertinib. Selective amplification of the EGFR-exon19del allele may represent a novel resistance mechanism to osimertinib.
Citation Format: Franciele Knebel, Fabiana Bettoni, Andrea Shimada, Manoel Cruz, João Victor Alessi, Marcelo Negrão, Luiz Fernando Reis, Artur Katz, Anamaria Camargo. Sequential liquid biopsies reveal dynamic alterations of EGFR driver mutations and indicate EGFR amplification as a new mechanism of resistance to osimertinib in NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
Abstract A64: Colon cancer lymph node evaluation among Military Health System beneficiaries: An analysis by race/ethnicity
Authors: Gill Abegail A. , Enewold Lindsey , Zahm Shelia H. , Shriver Craig D. , Stojadinovic Alexander , McGlynn Katherine A. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction: The number of lymph nodes examined during colon cancer surgery falls below nationally recommended guidelines in the general population, with blacks and Hispanics less likely to have adequate nodal evaluation in comparison to whites. The Department of Defense's (DoD's) Military Health System (MHS) provides equal access to medical care for its beneficiaries, regardless of racial/ethnic background. Thus, the MHS provided an excellent opportunity to investigate whether racial/ethnic differences exist in an equal access medical care system.
Methods: Linked data from the DoD cancer registry and administrative claims databases were used and included 2,155 colon cancer cases. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the association between race/ethnicity and the number of lymph nodes examined (&lt;12 and ≥ 12) overall and for stratified analyses.
Results: No overall racial/ethnic difference in the number of lymph nodes examined was identified. Further stratified analyses yielded similar, except potential racial/ethnic differences were found among persons with poorly differentiated tumors, where non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) tended to be less likely to have ≥12 lymph nodes dissected (OR = 0.31, 95% CI, 0.13-0.74) compared to non-Hispanic whites.
Conclusion: Racial/ethnic disparities in the number of lymph nodes evaluated among patients with colon cancer were not apparent in an equal-access healthcare system. However, among poorly differentiated tumors, there might be racial/ethnic differences in nodal yield, suggesting the possible effects of factors other than access to healthcare.
Citation Format: Abegail A. Gill, Lindsey Enewold, Shelia H. Zahm, Craig D. Shriver, Alexander Stojadinovic, Katherine A. McGlynn, Kangmin Zhu. Colon cancer lymph node evaluation among Military Health System beneficiaries: An analysis by race/ethnicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr A64.
Abstract B03: Dietary patterns during high school and risk of colorectal adenoma in a cohort of middle-aged women
Authors: Nimptsch Katherina , Malik Vasanti S. , Fung Teresa , Pischon Tobias , Hu Frank B. , Willett Walter C. , Fuchs Charles S. , Ogino Shuji , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Wu Kana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Adolescent diet may be etiologically relevant for later risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA), a precursor of colorectal cancer.
Objective: To examine associations between adolescent dietary patterns (derived using factor analysis) and risk of CRA in middle adulthood.
Design: We analyzed data from 17,221 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II, who had completed a validated high school (HS) food frequency questionnaire in 1998 when they were 34-51 years old, and had subsequently undergone at least one lower bowel endoscopy.
Results: Between 1998 and 2007, 1,299 women were diagnosed with at least one CRA. In multivariable models adjusted for adult dietary patterns, a higher “prudent” pattern during HS, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruit, and fish was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of rectal (odds ratio (OR) highest versus lowest quintile, 0.45, 95% CI 0.27-0.75, p-trend=0.005), but not colon adenomas. A higher “Western” pattern during HS, characterized by high consumption of desserts and sweets, snack foods, and red and processed meat, was significantly associated with rectal (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.12-2.85, p-trend=0.005) and advanced (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07-2.33, p-trend=0.08), but not associated with colon or non-advanced adenomas.
Conclusions: This study suggests that overall eating patterns during high school may influence later risk of rectal and advanced adenoma, independent of adult diet. Our results support the hypothesis that diet during early life may influence colorectal carcinogenesis.
Citation Format: Katherina Nimptsch, Vasanti S. Malik, Teresa Fung, Tobias Pischon, Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett, Charles S. Fuchs, Shuji Ogino, Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Kana Wu. Dietary patterns during high school and risk of colorectal adenoma in a cohort of middle-aged women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B03.
Abstract B26: Epigenetic effects of resveratrol on mammary carcinoma
Authors: Qin Wenyi , Zhang Ke , Clarke Kaitlin , Weiland Timothy , Sauter Edward R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: We previously reported that resveratrol decreased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3b expression in vitro and demethylates tumor suppressor RASSF-1a in women at increased breast cancer risk. Herein we document the effects of resveratrol on DNMT and miRNA expression in normal and malignant mammary tissue in a rodent model of estrogen dependent mammary carcinoma.
Methods: 89 female rats received slow release estradiol plus: low dose (lo) resveratrol, high dose (hi) resveratrol, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza), a known inhibitor of DNMTs, or control (no additional treatment). After 21 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed and mammary glands harvested. Matched tumor and normal tissues were available from 36 rats.
Results: DMNT3b (but not DNMT1) differed in tumor vs. normal tissue after lo (p=.04) and hi p=.007) resveratrol. With hi resveratrol, DNMT3b decreased in tumor but increased normal tissue. Hi resveratrol increased miR21, -129, -204 and -489 from 2.5 to &gt;5 fold in tumor and decreased the same miRs in normal tissue 10-50% compared to control. There was an inverse association between DNMT3b and miR129, 204, and 489 in normal and/or tumor tissue.
Conclusion: Treatment with resveratrol differentially influences malignant vs. normal tissue DNMT3b and miRNA expression. This mechanism of action of resveratrol to influence mammary carcinogenesis warrants further investigation.
Citation Format: Wenyi Qin, Ke Zhang, Kaitlin Clarke, Timothy Weiland, Edward R. Sauter. Epigenetic effects of resveratrol on mammary carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B26.
Abstract B37: Urinary melatonin levels and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study II
Authors: Brown Susan Boyer , Hankinson Susan E. , Schernhammer Eva S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Shift work has been hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk as two recent meta-analyses suggest a 21- 51% increased risk of breast cancer in women reporting night shift work. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland that follows a circadian rhythm with highest levels observed at night, is frequently referenced as the biological mechanism through which shift work may increase breast cancer risk. While decreased urinary melatonin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, only three studies have evaluated the association between melatonin levels and breast cancer in premenopausal women with inconsistent findings. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in predominantly premenopausal women by conducting a nested case-control study in the prospective Nurses' Health Study II cohort. From 1996 to 1999, first morning urine was collected from 29,613 cancer-free participants who were followed through June 2007. Incident breast cancer was confirmed through review of medical records and pathology reports, and potential confounders were reported on biennial questionnaires and a questionnaire administered at urine collection. Concentrations of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the major metabolite of melatonin, were available for 603 cases and 798 controls matched for age, menopausal status, ethnicity, fasting status, luteal day of menstrual cycle, and month, year, day, and time of urine collection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models to estimate the risk of breast cancer by quartile of urinary aMT6s concentrations, with cutpoints based on values of control participants. We did not observe an association between melatonin levels and risk of breast cancer (odds ratio for highest versus lowest aMT6s quartile: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.57-1.35). Our results were largely unchanged when we examined the relationship between urinary melatonin levels and invasive breast cancer (n=443 cases, odds ratio for highest versus lowest aMT6s quartile: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.54-1.56), in situ breast cancer (n=160 cases, odds ratio for highest versus lowest aMT6s quartile: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.45-3.35), and among women with ER+ tumors (n=398 cases, odds ratio for highest versus lowest aMT6s quartile: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.44-1.34). These prospective data do not provide strong support for a significant association between urinary melatonin levels and breast cancer risk in predominantly premenopausal women.
Citation Format: Susan Boyer Brown, Susan E. Hankinson, Eva S. Schernhammer. Urinary melatonin levels and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study II. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B37.
Abstract B52: Time to smoke first cigarette after morning awakening differentiates lung cancer risk beyond standard smoking measures
Authors: Gu Fangyi , Wacholder Sholom , Kovalchik Stephanie , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Reyes-Guzman Carolyn , Freedman Neal D. , Matteis Sara De , Consonni Dario , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Bergen Andrew W. , Landi Maria Teresa , Caporaso Neil E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Targeting smokers at higher lung cancer risk can improve efficiency and reduce false positive detection in lung cancer screening. We evaluated whether time to first cigarette after waking (TTFC), a single-item measure of nicotine dependency, could improve stratification of lung cancer risk beyond standard smoking metrics (intensity, duration and pack-years).
Methods: In 3249 ever-smokers (1437 cases, 1812 controls) from a population-based case-control study in Italy, we examined the association between TTFC and lung cancer using logistic regression, and estimated lung cancer incidence by levels of TTFC, and smoking intensity, duration, and pack-years using absolute risk regression.
Results: Compared to smokers with TTFC&gt;60 minutes, the lung cancer odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for TTFC 31-60 minutes, 6-30 minutes and ≥5 minutes (i.e. by increasing dependency) were 2.57 (2.03-3.26), 2.27 (1.79-2.88), and 3.50 (2.64-4.64), respectively (p-trend&lt;0.0001). The average lung cancer incidence rates for smokers of 1–10, 11–20, 21–30 and &gt;30 cig/day were consistently and substantially higher among smokers with TTFC≥60 vs. &gt;60 minutes (64.0 vs. 11.7, 125.6 vs. 28.6, 130.1 vs. 40.5, and 260.5 vs. 108.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). The slopes of increase in lung cancer rates with smoking duration and pack-years were significantly greater among smokers with higher dependency (p-interaction&lt;0.001).
Conclusion: Lung cancer risk increases with shorter TTFC; this simple nicotine dependency measure substantially improves lung cancer risk stratification beyond standard smoking measures. Assessing TTFC may improve lung cancer risk prediction and could be useful in lung cancer screening and smoking cessation programs.
Citation Format: Fangyi Gu, Sholom Wacholder, Stephanie Kovalchik, Orestis A. Panagiotou, Carolyn Reyes-Guzman, Neal D. Freedman, Sara De Matteis, Dario Consonni, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Andrew W. Bergen, Maria Teresa Landi, Neil E. Caporaso. Time to smoke first cigarette after morning awakening differentiates lung cancer risk beyond standard smoking measures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B52.