bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIF‐173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism as a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia development in children
Authors: Sharaf‐Eldein Mohamed , Elghannam Doaa , Abdel‐Malak Camelia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMacrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine modulating monocyte motility and a pleiotropic regulator of different biological and cellular processes. The MIF‐173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is found in the promoter region and affects its activity. The present study investigated the MIF polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian children.MethodsWe analyzed the MIF‐173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism in 180 ALL cases and 150 healthy control children by amplification of the gene using a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and running on an agarose gel for visualization of the product.ResultsWe found a significant incidence of the homozygous polymorphic (CC) genotype and the combined polymorphic genotypes (GC + CC) in ALL patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively), whereas the wild‐type genotype (GG) was more common in healthy controls (p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjustment for MIF different genotypes and other potential risk factors such as age, sex and parental smoking indicated that the CC genotype is the only significant risk factor for the test (p = 0.02). We also noted that, by increasing the C‐allele representation within the gene [GC, CC], there was an increase in total leukocytic count (p = 0.09 and p = 0.001, respectively) that may reflect the bad prognostic impact of the polymorphic allele, although further studies are needed.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that the MIF‐173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is a risk factor for childhood ALL development with respect to both homozygous and combined polymorphic genotypes. In addition, the increased leukocytic count in synchronization with the increased representation of the polymorphic C‐allele may reflect its bad prognostic impact.
Physicochemical Compatibility of Amiodarone with Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Mediavilla Marta M. , Molina Andrea , Navarro Lorena , Grau Laura , Pujol M. Dolors , Cardenete Joana , Cardona Daniel , Riera Pau 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundY‐site administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and drugs is frequently required in the intensive care setting. Amiodarone is commonly administered by continuous intravenous infusion and subject to be co‐administered via a Y‐site with TPN. The aim of this study is to determine the physicochemical stability of amiodarone Y‐site administered with TPN.MethodsTwo standard TPN and 2 amiodarone solutions were designed. The 2 TPN differed in the lipid source (Lipofundin MCT/LCT® 20% or SMOFlipid® 20%). The 2 amiodarone solutions were prepared at different concentrations (900 mg and 1200 mg in 250 mL of dextrose 5% in water). Each TPN and amiodarone solutions ran at a rate that simulated a 24‐hour Y‐site infusion to obtain different admixture samples. Each sample was then visually examined and further tested to determine the mean lipid droplet size distribution by dynamic light scattering and amiodarone concentrations by HPLC.ResultsNo alterations were detected by visual inspection. Average droplet size remained below 500 nm (252.5 ± 5.9 nm for Lipofundin MCT/LCT® TPN and 327.7 ± 14.4 nm for SMOFlipid® TPN). For the samples obtained after running 900 mg and 1200 mg amiodarone solutions with TPN, the concentrations observed at 24 hours were 0.4491 ± 0.0111 mg/mL and 0.5773 ± 0.0214 mg/mL, respectively. These results represent approximately 100% of the zero‐time concentrations and are within ±15% of the predicted values. No degradation products were observed in the chromatograms.ConclusionAmiodarone is physicochemically compatible with standard TPN via a Y‐site administration at the tested amiodarone concentrations.
Human Milk Fortification with Bovine Colostrum Is Superior to Formula‐Based Fortifiers to Prevent Gut Dysfunction, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Systemic Infection in Preterm Pigs
Authors: Sun Jing , Li Yanqi , Pan Xiaoyu , Nguyen Duc Ninh , Brunse Anders , Bojesen Anders M. , Rudloff Silvia , Mortensen Martin S. , Burrin Douglas G. , Sangild Per T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFortification of donor human milk (DHM) is required for optimal growth of very preterm infants, but there are concerns of more gut dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) when using formula‐based fortifiers (FFs), especially soon after birth. Intact bovine colostrum (BC) is rich in nutrients and bioactive factors, and protects against NEC in preterm pigs. We hypothesized that fortification of DHM with BC is superior to FFs to prevent gut dysfunction and infections when provided shortly after preterm birth.MethodsTwo FF products, Enfamil (ENF; intact protein, vegetable oil) and PreNAN+Nutrilon (NAN; extensively hydrolyzed protein, maltodextrin), were compared with BC as fortifier to DHM fed to preterm pigs for 5 days.ResultsRelative to the DHM+BC group, DHM+FF groups had higher diarrhea score and lower hexose uptake and lactase activity, and specifically the DHM+NAN group showed higher gut permeability, NEC score, more mucosa‐adherent bacteria with altered gut microbiota structure (ie, lower diversity, increased Enterococcus, decreased Staphylococcus abundance). Both DHM+FF groups showed higher expression of intestinal cytokine and inflammation‐related genes, more gut‐derived bacteria in the bone marrow, lower density of mucin‐containing goblet cells, and slightly higher colon lactate, stomach pH and acetate, and blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte levels than the DHM+BC group.ConclusionsUsed as a fortifier to DHM, BC is superior to FFs to support gut function, nutrient absorption, and bacterial defense mechanisms in preterm pigs. It is important to optimize the composition of nutrient fortifiers for preterm infants fed human milk.
Elastin‐based polymer: synthesis, characterization and examination of its miscibility characteristics with poly(vinyl alcohol) and electrospinning of the miscible blends
Authors: Siddamallappa Nanjundaswamy Gumatapura , Basavaraju Mahesh , Dase Gowda Channe Gowda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMiscibility is an important factor for peptide‐based polymer blends for employment in the pharmaceutical, drug delivery and biomedical fields. The current study presents the synthesis of a repeating sequence of elastin, poly(GVGIP), characterized using1H NMR and13C NMR spectroscopy, and an investigation of its miscibility characteristics with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) over a broad range of composition in solid and solution phase using various analytical techniques. The miscibility behaviour of the blend solutions was established quantitatively by the analysis of various parameters of simple viscometric measurements. The results confirmed the miscibility of the blends containing up to 50% of the polypeptide. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the two polymers in the blends. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction revealed the change in surface morphology and crystallinity for blend films. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated a single glass transition temperature of the blend films. Interestingly, long, thin nanofibre meshes were also successfully prepared through electrospinning of poly(GVGIP)/PVA blends from aqueous solutions at a very low concentration (5 wt%). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Tongue Cancer Patients Can be Distinguished from Healthy Controls by Specific N‐Glycopeptides Found in Serum
Authors: Saraswat Mayank , Mäkitie Antti , Tohmola Tiialotta , Dickinson Amy , Saraswat Shruti , Joenväärä Sakari , Renkonen Suvi 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThere are no blood biomarkers to detect early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prior to clinical signs. Most OSCC incidence is associated with significant morbidity and poor survival. The authors aimed to use mass‐spectrometry (MS) technology to find specific N‐glycopeptides potentially serving as serum biomarkers for preclinical OSCC screening.Experimental designSerum samples from 14 patients treated for OSCC (stage I or stage IV) with 12 age‐ and sex‐matched controls are collected. Quantitative label‐free N‐glycoproteomics is performed, with MS/MS analysis of the statistically significantly different N‐glycopeptides.ResultsCombined with a database search using web‐based software (GlycopeptideID), MS/MS provided detailed N‐glycopeptide information, including glycosylation site, glycan composition, and proposed structures. Thirty‐eight tryptic N‐glycopeptides are identified, having 19 unique N‐glycosylation sites representing 14 glycoproteins. OSCC patients, including stage I tumors, can be differentiated from healthy controls based on the expression levels of these glycoforms. N‐glycopeptides of IgG1, IgG4, haptoglobin, and transferrin have statistically significant different abundances between cases and controls.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe authors are the first to suggest specific N‐glycopeptides to serve as potential serum biomarkers to detect preclinical OSCC in patients. These N‐glycopeptides are the lead candidates for validation as future diagnostic modalities of OSCC as early as stage I.
Al‐Doped FeVO4 Nanoparticles for Vapour Phase Methylation of Phenol
Authors: Braganza Celia F. , Salker Arun V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAl substituted FeVO4 catalysts were prepared by co‐precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis, Thermo gravimetric–Differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Al content increased the acidic character of the catalyst. The catalytic activity was evaluated for methylation of phenol and showed high activity and selectivity. 2% Al promoted FeVO4, caused the conversion of phenol and selectivity towards 2,6‐xylenol to reach 98% and 94% respectively. The catalyst has good stability, TOS studies and characterization of spent catalyst was done.
Advances in Selective Carbon‐Heteroatom Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zeng Qingle , Zhang Li , Zhou Yue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMost of compounds containing more than one reactive groups may produce several byproducts during the coupling process. Selective carbon‐heteroatom coupling reactions, which have merits of high synthetic efficiency and step economy, are the best choice to resolve the problem. Although they have made great progress, they deserve further exploration. This review discusses their recent advances and intend to inspire the research in the future. It is organized on the basis of selective carbon‐heteroatom coupling reaction types, including selective C−N and C−N, C−N and C−O, C−O and C−O, C−C and C−N coupling reactions.
Promoting academic engagement: university context and individual characteristics
Authors: Zhao Zhiyan , Broström Anders , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the impact of organizational context on individuals’ industry activities in Chinese universities. Academic engagement, which includes collaborative research, contract research, consulting and other informal outreach activities, is posited as being jointly determined by organizational and individual level factors. Based on 564 Chinese scientists’ survey responses, our results show that scientists perceiving their university as having a strong entrepreneurial mission or supportive policy context are more active in academic engagement. This relationship is, however, moderated by individual-level factors. Specifically, entrepreneurially oriented university missions and supportive policy are more strongly associated with intra-individual differences in academic engagement for junior scientists, and for scientists with established personal networks to industry. Our analysis also shows that several individual-level predictors of academic engagement identified in studies set in Europe and the US carry over to the Chinese context.
Identification and Analysis of Human Sex-Biased MicroRNAs
Authors: Cui Chunmei , Yang Weili , Shi Jiangcheng , Zhou Yong , Yang Jichun , Cui Qinghua , Zhou Yuan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Sex differences are widely observed under various circumstances ranging from physiological processes to therapeutic responses, and a myriad of sex-biased genes have been identified. In recent years, transcriptomic datasets of microRNAs (miRNAs), an important class of non-coding RNAs, become increasingly accessible. However, comprehensive analysis of sex difference in miRNA expression has not been performed. Here, we identified the differentially-expressed miRNAs between males and females by examining the transcriptomic datasets available in public databases and conducted a systemic analysis of their biological characteristics. Consequently, we identified 73 female-biased miRNAs (FmiRs) and 163 male-biased miRNAs (MmiRs) across four tissues including brain, colorectal mucosa, peripheral blood, and cord blood. Our results suggest that compared to FmiRs, MmiRs tend to be clustered in the human genome and exhibit higher evolutionary rate, higher expression tissue specificity, and lower disease spectrum width. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of miRNAs show that FmiR genes are significantly associated with metabolism process and cell cycle process, whereas MmiR genes tend to be enriched for functions like histone modification and circadian rhythm. In all, the identification and analysis of sex-biased miRNAs together could provide new insights into the biological differences between females and males and facilitate the exploration of sex-biased disease susceptibility and therapy.
Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas
Authors: Brock Fiona , Eastaugh Nicholas , Ford Thierry , Townsend Joyce H 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating has previously been applied to modern paintings on canvas from the 20th century to identify potential modern forgeries, and dates indicate a time lag of several years between the harvesting of plant fibers for making canvas, and completion of a painting. This study investigated both the length of this time lag and the potential of 14C dating to inform about an individual artist’s mode of working (for example long-term storage or reuse of canvases, or extended reworking on a single canvas) and/or to establish a chronology for a corpus of work. Two pre-bomb and 16 post-bomb artworks by 17 mid-20th-century Scandinavian artists were 14C dated. The majority of post-bomb samples indicated a time lag of 2–5 years between the harvesting of the plants and completion of a painting, but some samples recorded lags of up to 10 years, and others produced much earlier results, potentially indicating the use of much older canvases or challenges removing contamination prior to dating. The importance of thorough pre-screening of canvas samples for both synthetic fibers and contaminants prior to dating, and selection of the most suitable calibration curve, are highlighted.
Geochronology of early Mesozoic diabase units in southwestern China: metallogenic and tectonic implications
Authors: QIU LIANG , YANG WEN-XIN , YAN DAN-PING , WELLS MICHAEL L. , QIU JUN-TING , GAO TIAN , DONG JIAN-MENG , ZHANG LIANGLIANG , WANG FANG-YUE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo phases of diabase-sill-forming magmatism are recorded within the Badu anticline where magmas were emplaced into upper Palaeozoic carbonates and clastic rocks of the Youjiang fold-and-thrust belt in the SW South China Block, China. Zircons from these diabase units yield weighted mean U–Pb ages of 249.2±2.0 Ma and 187.1±3.3 Ma, and magmatic oxygen fugacity values from ‒20 to ‒6 (average of ‒12, equating to FMQ +5) and ‒20 to ‒10 (average of ‒15, equating to FMQ +2), respectively. These data indicate that the sills were emplaced during Early Triassic and Early Jurassic times. The discovery ofc. 250 Ma mafic magmatism in this area was probably related to post-flood-basalt extension associated with the Emeishan mantle plume or rollback of the subducting Palaeo-Tethys slab. Thec. 190 Ma diabase sills indicate that the southwestern South China Block records Early Jurassic mafic magmatism and lithospheric extension that was likely associated with a transition from post-collisional to within-plate tectonic regimes. The emplacement of diabase intrusions at depth may have driven hydrothermal systems, enabling the mobilization of elements from sedimentary rocks and causing the formation of a giant epigenetic metallogenic domain. The results indicate that high-oxygen-fugacity materials within basement rocks caused crustal contamination of the magmas, contributing to the wide range of oxygen fugacity conditions recorded by the Au-bearing Badu diabase. In addition, data from inherited xenocrystic zircons within the Badu diabase and detrital zircons from basement rocks suggest that the Neoproterozoic Jiangshao suture extends to the south of the Badu anticline.
Trends in prescription of cardiovascular drugs to children in relation to prevalence of CHD from 1999 to 2016
Authors: Poulsen Christian B. , Damkjær Mads 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionOwing to massive improvements in the diagnostics and surgery of children with CHD, fatality has decreased substantially. As more children with CHD survive from infancy into later childhood, more will need medication for chronic heart failure. However, surprisingly little is actually known about which drugs are being used to treat children with CHD, and whether prescription rates and CHD prevalence have changed over time.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the total prescription of cardiovascular drugs to children during an 18-year period and to assess concomitant CHD prevalence.MethodsAll prescription data of cardiovascular drugs to children aged 0–19 years were extracted from publicly available databases in Norway and Denmark from 1999 to 2016. This was coupled with data on CHD prevalence and birth rates.ResultsThe number of defined daily doses of cardiovascular drugs prescribed to children doubled in the study period. This was because of an increased use of beta blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and anti-arrhythmic agents. The use of some classes of drugs was significantly reduced over time. The prevalence of CHD remained constant in both countries – 80 per 10,000 births.ConclusionWe show that there is an increase in the overall prescription of cardiovascular drugs to children. Beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blockers, and anti-arrhythmics account for the largest increase. Birth rates decreased or remained constant together with CHD prevalence, suggesting that the increased use of cardiovascular drugs reflected increased prescription per patient, rather than more patients receiving a constant amount of drugs.
Successful preoperative bridge with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in three neonates with D-transposition of the great vessels and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Said Ahmed S. , McBride Mary E. , Gazit Avihu Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPulmonary hypertension with transposition of the great arteries is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At the worst end of the spectrum are patients who undergo extracorporeal support perioperatively. We describe our experience with three patients who received preoperative extracorporeal support and separated from cardiopulmonary bypass successfully on conventional postoperative care, with no significant deficits on follow-up.
The perceived influence of cost-offset community-supported agriculture on food access among low-income families
Authors: White Michelle J , Jilcott Pitts Stephanie B , McGuirt Jared T , Hanson Karla L , Morgan Emily H , Kolodinsky Jane , Wang Weiwei , Sitaker Marilyn , Ammerman Alice S , Seguin Rebecca A 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine perspectives on food access among low-income families participating in a cost-offset community-supported agriculture (CO-CSA) programme.DesignFarm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK) is a multicentre randomized intervention trial assessing the effect of CO-CSA on dietary intake and quality among children from low-income families. Focus groups were conducted at the end of the first CO-CSA season. Participants were interviewed about programme experiences, framed by five dimensions of food access: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability and accommodation. Transcribed data were coded on these dimensions plus emergent themes.SettingNine communities in the US states of New York, North Carolina, Washington and Vermont.SubjectsFifty-three F3HK adults with children.ResultsCSA models were structured by partner farms. Produce quantity was abundant; however, availability was enhanced for participants who were able to select their own produce items. Flexible CSA pick-up times and locations made produce pick-up more accessible. Despite being affordable to most, payment timing was a barrier for some. Unfamiliar foods and quick spoilage hindered acceptability through challenging meal planning, despite accommodations that included preparation advice.ConclusionsAlthough CO-CSA may facilitate increased access to fruits and vegetables for low-income families, perceptions of positive diet change may be limited by the ability to incorporate share pick-up into regular travel patterns and meal planning. Food waste concerns may be particularly acute for families with constrained resources. Future research should examine whether CO-CSA with flexible logistics and produce self-selection are sustainable for low-income families and CSA farms.
Assessing the Presence of Discontinuities in the Ocean Color Satellite Record and Their Effects on Chlorophyll Trends and Their Uncertainties
Authors: Hammond Matthew L. , Beaulieu Claudie , Henson Stephanie A. , Sahu Sujit K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOcean color sensors are crucial for understanding global phytoplankton dynamics. However, the limited life spans of sensors make multisensor data sets necessary for estimating long‐term trends. Discontinuities may be introduced when merging data between sensors, potentially affecting trend estimates and their uncertainties. We use a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to investigate the presence of discontinuities and their impacts on estimated chlorophyll trends. The discontinuities considered are the introduction of Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer‐Aqua, and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and the termination of Sea‐Viewing Wide Field‐of‐View Sensor. Discontinuities are detected in ~70% of regions, affecting trend estimates (~60% of regions have statistically different trends) and potentially even biasing trend estimates (opposite sign in ~13% of regions). Considering a single discontinuity increases trend uncertainty by an average of 0.20%/year (0.59%/year for two discontinuities). This difference in trend magnitude and uncertainty highlights the importance of minimizing discontinuities in multisensor records and taking into account discontinuities when analyzing trends.