bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Soil Moisture Feedback on Convective Triggering: Roles of Convective and Land‐Model Parameterizations
Authors: Williams Ian N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFeedbacks between soil moisture and convective precipitation are not well represented in current Earth system models, and can affect projections of drought and heavy‐precipitation extremes. To explore the atmospheric and land‐surface influences on the initiation (triggering) of daytime deep convection, single‐column model experiments were performed using the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2), over the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The results indicate that the positive and negative feedback mechanisms found in earlier studies (using simplified boundary‐layer models) are robust to large‐scale forcing and interactions between boundary‐layer turbulence, cloud dynamics, and radiation. However, systematic responses of convective triggering to soil moisture emerged only after switching from a convective available potential energy‐based to a convective inhibition energy‐based convective parameterization. This suggests that the choice of convective mass‐flux closure largely determines the sensitivity of parameterized convective clouds to land‐surface state. Errors in land‐model parameterizations of evapotranspiration also affect the probability of deep convection, with vegetation (transpiration) playing an important role in linking soil moisture to surface energy partitioning and clouds. Parameterizations that permit the triggering feedback mechanism better predict the statistics of daytime shallow and deep convection, with respect to observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in the Southern Great Plains. The results illustrate how errors in the representation of evapotranspiration in land‐surface models can propagate through the chain of coupled land‐atmosphere processes to affect convective clouds.
Impacts of Paleoecology on the TEX86 Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Pliocene‐Pleistocene Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Polik Catherine A. , Elling Felix J. , Pearson Ann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe TEX86 proxy, based on the distribution of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs) from planktonic Thaumarchaeota, is widely used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST). Recent observations of species‐specific and regionally dependent TEX86‐SST relationships in cultures and the modern ocean raise the question of whether nonthermal factors may have impacted TEX86 paleorecords. Here we evaluate the effects of ecological changes on TEX86 using one Pliocene and two Pleistocene sapropels from the Mediterranean Sea. We find that TEX86‐derived SSTs deviate from
‐derived SSTs before, during, and after each sapropel event.
‐derived SSTs vary by less than 6 °C, while TEX86‐derived SSTs vary by up to 15 °C within a single record. Compound‐specific carbon isotope compositions indicate minimal confounding influence on TEX86 from exogenous sources. Some of the variation can be accounted for by changes in nitrogen cycling intensity affecting thaumarchaeal iGDGT biosynthesis, as demonstrated by an inverse relationship between TEX86 and δ15NTN. TEX86‐derived SSTs also consistently show warm anomalies in the Pleistocene, while the Pliocene samples exhibit both warmer and cooler relative offsets. These anomalies result from systematic differences between Plio‐Pleistocene iGDGT distributions and both modern Mediterranean and modern, globally distributed core top samples. Through characteristic GDGT distributions, we suggest the existence of three distinct endemic populations of Thaumarchaeota in the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and modern Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Importantly, these communities prevailed during both sapropel and oligotrophic conditions. Our results demonstrate that ecological and community‐specific effects must be considered when applying the TEX86 proxy to paleorecords.
Downscaling SMAP Radiometer Soil Moisture Over the CONUS Using an Ensemble Learning Method
Authors: Abbaszadeh Peyman , Moradkhani Hamid , Zhan Xiwu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil moisture plays a critical role in improving the weather and climate forecast and understanding terrestrial ecosystem processes. It is a key hydrologic variable in agricultural drought monitoring, flood forecasting, and irrigation management as well. Satellite retrievals can provide unprecedented soil moisture information at the global scale; however, the products are generally provided at coarse resolutions (25–50 km2). This often hampers their use in regional or local studies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission was launched in January 2015 aiming to acquire soil moisture and freeze‐thaw states over the globe with 2 to 3 days revisit frequency. This work presents a new framework based on an ensemble learning method while using atmospheric and geophysical information derived from remote‐sensing and ground‐based observations to downscale the level 3 daily composite version (L3_SM_P) of SMAP radiometer soil moisture over the Continental United States at 1‐km spatial resolution. In the proposed method, a suite of remotely sensed and in situ data sets are used, including soil texture and topography data among other information. The downscaled product was validated against in situ soil moisture measurements collected from two high density validation sites and 300 sparse soil moisture networks throughout the Continental United States. On average, the unbiased Root Mean Square Error between the downscaled SMAP soil moisture data and in‐situ soil moisture observations adequately met the SMAP soil moisture retrieval accuracy requirement of 0.04 m3/m3. In addition, other statistical measures, that is, Pearson correlation coefficient and bias, showed satisfactory results.
Polygenic disruption of retinoid signalling in schizophrenia and a severe cognitive deficit subtype
Authors: Reay William R. , Atkins Joshua R. , Quidé Yann , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. , Cairns Murray J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRetinoid metabolites of vitamin A are intrinsically linked to neural development, connectivity and plasticity, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We hypothesised that a greater burden of common and rare genomic variation in genes involved with retinoid biogenesis and signalling could be associated with schizophrenia and its cognitive symptoms. Common variants associated with schizophrenia in the largest genome-wide association study were aggregated in retinoid genes and used to formulate a polygenic risk score (PRSRet) for each participant in the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. In support of our hypothesis, we found PRSRet to be significantly associated with the disorder. Cases with severe cognitive deficits, while not further differentiated by PRSRet, were enriched with rare variation in the retinoic acid receptor beta gene RARB, detected through whole-genome sequencing. RARB rare variant burden was also associated with reduced cerebellar volume in the cases with marked cognitive deficit, and with covariation in grey matter throughout the brain. An excess of rare variation was further observed in schizophrenia in retinoic acid response elements proximal to target genes, which we show are differentially expressed in the disorder in two RNA sequencing datasets. Our results suggest that genomic variation may disrupt retinoid signalling in schizophrenia, with particular significance for cases with severe cognitive impairment.
The involvement of T cell pathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Huang Yazhuo , Fang Sijie , Li Dan , Zhou Huifang , Li Bin , Fan Xianqun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThyroid-associated ophthalmoapthy (TAO) is the most common orbital disease. As an autoimmune disorder, it is caused by self-reactive lymphocytes that escape immune tolerance, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The basic process of TAO is the infiltration of immune cells in orbital tissues, the activation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs), and the proliferation and differentiation of OFs and lymphocytes. Activated OFs secrete inflammatory regulators, growth factors, and chemokines, thereby maintaining and amplifying the immune responses. The interactions between OFs and lymphocytes lead to the expansion and the remodeling of the orbital tissues, presenting the clinical manifestations of TAO. This review will focus on the role of T cell subsets (Type 1, Type 2, Type 17 helper T cells, and regulatory T cells) in the pathogenesis of TAO. However, we still need further studies to unravel the pathogenesis, to confirm current hypotheses, and to provide novel ideas for appropriate clinical treatment of TAO.
Bone marrow-derived epithelial cells and hair follicle stem cells contribute to development of chronic cutaneous neoplasms
Authors: Park Heuijoon , Lad Sonali , Boland Kelsey , Johnson Kelly , Readio Nyssa , Jin Guangchun , Asfaha Samuel , Patterson Kelly S. , Singh Ashok , Yang Xiangdong , Londono Douglas , Singh Anupama , Trempus Carol , Gordon Derek , Wang Timothy C. , Morris Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe used allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and a mouse multistage cutaneous carcinogenesis model to probe recruitment of bone marrow-derived epithelial cells (BMDECs) in skin tumors initiated with the carcinogen, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and promoted with 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). BMDECs clustered in the lesional epithelium, expressed cytokeratins, proliferated, and stratified. We detected cytokeratin induction in plastic-adherent bone marrow cells (BMCs) cultured in the presence of filter-separated keratinocytes (KCs) and bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5). Lineage-depleted BMCs migrated towards High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein and epidermal KCs in ex vivo invasion assays. Naive female mice receiving BMTs from DMBA-treated donors developed benign and malignant lesions after TPA promotion alone. We conclude that BMDECs contribute to the development of papillomas and dysplasia, demonstrating a systemic contribution to these lesions. Furthermore, carcinogen-exposed BMCs can initiate benign and malignant lesions upon tumor promotion. Ultimately, these findings may suggest targets for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers.
Convergent evolution of an extreme dietary specialisation, the olfactory system of worm-eating rodents
Authors: Martinez Quentin , Lebrun Renaud , Achmadi Anang S. , Esselstyn Jacob A. , Evans Alistair R. , Heaney Lawrence R. , Miguez Roberto Portela , Rowe Kevin C. , Fabre Pierre-Henri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTurbinal bones are key components of the mammalian rostrum that contribute to three critical functions: (1) homeothermy, (2) water conservation and (3) olfaction. With over 700 extant species, murine rodents (Murinae) are the most species-rich mammalian subfamily, with most of that diversity residing in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Their evolutionary history includes several cases of putative, but untested ecomorphological convergence, especially with traits related to diet. Among the most spectacular rodent ecomorphs are the vermivores which independently evolved in several island systems. We used 3D CT-scans (N = 87) of murine turbinal bones to quantify olfactory capacities as well as heat or water conservation adaptations. We obtained similar results from an existing 2D complexity method and two new 3D methodologies that quantify bone complexity. Using comparative phylogenetic methods, we identified a significant convergent signal in the rostral morphology within the highly specialised vermivores. Vermivorous species have significantly larger and more complex olfactory turbinals than do carnivores and omnivores. Increased olfactory capacities may be a major adaptive feature facilitating rats’ capacity to prey on elusive earthworms. The narrow snout that characterises vermivores exhibits significantly reduced respiratory turbinals, which may reduce their heat and water conservation capacities.
Rare copy number variants in the genome of Chinese female children and adolescents with Turner syndrome
Authors: Li Li , Li Qingfeng , Wang Qiong , Liu Li , Li Ru , Liu Huishu , He Yaojuan , Lash Gendie E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a congenital disease caused by complete or partial loss of one X chromosome. Low bone mineral status is a major phenotypic characteristic of TS that can not be fully explained by X chromosome loss, suggesting other autosomal-linked mutations may also exist. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect potential genetic mutations in TS through examination of copy number variation (CNV). Seventeen patients with TS and 15 healthy volunteer girls were recruited. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) was performed on whole blood genomic DNA (gDMA) from the 17 TS patients and 15 healthy volunteer girls to identify potential CNVs. The abnormal CNV of one identified gene (CARD11) was verified by quantitative PCR. All cases diagnosed had TS based on genotype examination and physical characteristics, including short stature and premature ovarian failure. Three rare CNVs, located individually at 7p22.3, 7p22.2, and Xp22.33, where six genes (TTYH3, AMZ1, GNA12, BC038729, CARD11, and SHOX (stature homeobox)) are located, were found in TS patients. Quantitative PCR confirmed the CNV of CARD11 in the genome of TS patients. Our results indicate that CARD11 gene is one of the mutated genes involved in TS disease. However, this CNV is rare and its contribution to TS phenotype requires further study.
Most frequent mode for intra‐mode coding in video coding
Authors: Yoon Y.‐U. , Park D.‐H. , Kim J.‐G. , Lee J. , Kang J. 
Published: December 2018

The emerging versatile video coding (VVC) standard currently adopts 67 intra‐prediction modes in order to improve the intra‐prediction performance. The most probable mode (MPM) is used in video coding to encode the prediction mode efficiently based on the modes of the neighbouring blocks. Due to an increase in the number of intra‐modes and increase in the resolution of the input sequence, it is necessary to efficiently encode the intra‐mode of the current block. This Letter proposes an efficient intra‐mode coding method extending MPM called most frequent mode (MFM), which exploits the number of occurrences of the modes in the neighbouring blocks. The proposed MFM derives the most frequent intra‐mode. Then the derived MFM is signaled by a flag with a higher priority than MPM. Experimental results show that, compared to the test model of VVC (VTM), the proposed method gives up to 0.48% Bjotegaard‐Delta‐rate savings for the all‐intra‐configuration.
Hubble flow variations as a test for inhomogeneous cosmology
Authors: Saulder Christoph , Mieske Steffen , van Kampen Eelco , Zeilinger Werner W. 
Published: December 2018

Context.Backreactions from large-scale inhomogeneities may provide an elegant explanation for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe without the need to introduce dark energy.Aims.We propose a cosmological test for a specific model of inhomogeneous cosmology, called timescape cosmology. Using large-scale galaxy surveys such as SDSS and 2MRS, we test the variation of expansion expected in the Λ-cold dark matter (Λ-CDM) model versus a more generic differential expansion using our own calibrations of bounds suggested by timescape cosmology.Methods.Our test measures the systematic variations of the Hubble flow towards distant galaxies groups as a function of the matter distribution in the lines of sight to those galaxy groups. We compare the observed systematic variation of the Hubble flow to mock catalogues from the Millennium Simulation in the case of the Λ-CDM model, and a deformed version of the same simulation that exhibits more pronounced differential expansion.Results.We perform a series of statistical tests, ranging from linear regressions to Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, on the obtained data. They consistently yield results preferring Λ-CDM cosmology over our approximated model of timescape cosmology.Conclusions.Our analysis of observational data shows no evidence that the variation of expansion differs from that of the standard Λ-CDM model.
Unveiling the enigma of ATLAS17aeu
Authors: Melandri A. , Rossi A. , Benetti S. , D’Elia V. , Piranomonte S. , Palazzi E. , Levan A. J. , Branchesi M. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , D’Avanzo P. , Hu Y.-D. , Raimondo G. , Tanvir N. R. , Tomasella L. , Amati L. , Campana S. , Carini R. , Covino S. , Cusano F. , Dadina M. , Della Valle M. , Fan X. , Garnavich P. , Grado A. , Greco G. , Hjorth J. , Lyman J. D. , Masetti N. , O’Brien P. , Pian E. , Perego A. , Salvaterra R. , Stella L. , Stratta G. , Yang S. , di Paola A. , Caballero-García M. D. , Fruchter A. S. , Giunta A. , Longo F. , Pinamonti M. , Sokolov V. V. , Testa V. , Valeev A. F. , Brocato E. 
Published: December 2018

Aims. The unusual transient ATLAS17aeu was serendipitously detected within the sky localisation of the gravitational wave trigger GW 170104. The importance of a possible association with gravitational waves coming from a binary black hole merger led to an extensive follow-up campaign, with the aim of assessing a possible connection with GW 170104.
Methods. With several telescopes, we carried out both photometric and spectroscopic observations of ATLAS17aeu, for several epochs, between ∼3 and ∼230 days after the first detection.
Results. We studied in detail the temporal and spectroscopic properties of ATLAS17aeu and its host galaxy. Although at low significance and not conclusive, we found similarities to the spectral features of a broad-line supernova superposed onto an otherwise typical long-GRB afterglow. Based on analysis of the optical light curve, spectrum, and host galaxy spectral energy distribution, we conclude that the redshift of the source is probably z ≃ 0.5 ± 0.2.
Conclusions. While the redshift range we have determined is marginally compatible with that of the gravitational wave event, the presence of a supernova component and the consistency of this transient with the Ep–Eiso correlation support the conclusion that ATLAS17aeu was associated with the long gamma-ray burst GRB 170105A. This rules out the association of the GRB 170105A/ATLAS17aeu transient with the gravitational wave event GW 170104, which was due to a binary black hole merger.
Rotational spectroscopy of the HCCO and DCCO radicals in the millimeter and submillimeter range
Authors: Chantzos J. , Spezzano S. , Endres C. , Bizzocchi L. , Lattanzi V. , Laas J. , Vasyunin A. , Caselli P. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The ketenyl radical HCCO has recently been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) for the first time. Further astronomical detections of HCCO will help us understand its gas-grain chemistry, and subsequently revise the oxygen-bearing chemistry towards dark clouds. Moreover, its deuterated counterpart DCCO has never been observed in the ISM. A broad spectroscopic investigation is still lacking for both HCCO and DCCO, although they exhibit a significant astrophysical relevance.Aims. In this work we aim to measure the pure rotational spectra of the ground state of HCCO and DCCO in the millimeter and submillimeter region, considerably extending the frequency range covered by previous studies.Methods. The spectral acquisition was performed using a frequency-modulation absorption spectrometer between 170 and 650 GHz. The radicals were produced in a low-density plasma generated from a select mixture of gaseous precursors. We were able to detect and assign more than 100 rotational lines for each isotopolog.Results. The new lines have significantly enhanced the previous data set allowing the determination of highly precise rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters. In our analysis we took into account the interaction between the ground electronic state and a low-lying excited state (Renner–Teller pair) which enables the prediction and assignment of rotational transitions withKaup to 4.Conclusions. The present set of spectroscopic parameters provides highly accurate, millimeter, and submillimeter rest-frequencies of HCCO and DCCO for future astronomical observations. We also show that towards the pre-stellar core L1544, ketenyl peaks in the region wherec-C3H2peaks, suggesting that HCCO follows a predominant hydrocarbon chemistry, as already proposed by recent gas-grain chemical models.
Ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of three Bucephalidae (Prosorhynchus longisaccatus, Rhipidocotyle khaliliandBucephalus margaritae) and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Marchand Bernard , Bâ Cheikh Tidiane , Justine Jean-Lou , Bray Rodney A. , Quilichini Yann 
Published: December 2018

We describe here the mature spermatozoa of three species of bucephalids, namelyBucephalus margaritae, Rhipidocotyle khaliliandProsorhynchus longisaccatus. This study provides the first ultrastructural data on the generaBucephalusandRhipidocotyleand enabled us to confirm the model of the mature spermatozoon in the Bucephalinae. The spermatozoon exhibits two axonemes with the 9 + “1” pattern of the Trepaxonemata, one of which is very short, lateral expansion, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane located in the anterior extremity of the spermatozoon and associated with cortical microtubules, spine-like bodies, a mitochondrion, and a nucleus. The maximum number of cortical microtubules is located in the anterior part of the spermatozoon. However, more studies are needed to elucidate if spine-like bodies are present in all the Bucephalinae or not. In the Prosorhynchinae, the mature spermatozoon exhibits a similar ultrastructural pattern. Some differences are observed, particularly the axoneme lengths and the arrangement of the spine-like bodies. The posterior extremity of the spermatozoon in the Bucephalinae exhibits only the nucleus, but prosorhynchines have microtubules.
Gefährdung beurteilen: Pflicht oder Kür?
Authors: Schön Wolfram 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungBelastungen am Arbeitsplatz können Auslöser für Stress und psychische Erkrankungen sein. Das Arbeitsschutzgesetz verpflichtet seit 2014, eine
Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastungen durchzuführen – zum Wohl aller Beteiligten.
Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen
und Schmerzen
Authors: Nikkhah Guido , Lotze Martin 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) hat sich bei der Behandlung des idiopathischen
Parkinson-Syndroms als wichtigste Therapieinnovation des letzten Jahrzehnts
herausgestellt. Doch auch andere motorische Störungen sprechen gut auf die THS
an.
Der Blick in die Praxis
Authors: Küppers Axel 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Alexianer Krankenhaus Hedwigshöhe in Berlin setzt auf die Ressourcen
seiner Mitarbeiter und wendet sich mit Verve dem Wohl des Patienten zu.
Das ist Lean Hospital besonderer Ausprägung. Die Fäden laufen in der
Pflegedirektion zusammen. Im Fokus dieses Artikels steht beispielhaft die
Geriatrie.