bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the evolution of thermodynamic properties and their connection to the global kinematics of high-speed coronal mass ejections using FRIS model
Authors: Khuntia Soumyaranjan , Mishra Wageesh , Wang Yuming , Mishra Sudheer K , Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa , Lyu Shaoyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Most earlier studies have been limited to estimating the kinematic evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and only limited efforts have been made to investigate their thermodynamic evolution. We focus on the interplay of the thermal properties of CMEs with their observed global kinematics. We implement the Flux rope Internal State model to estimate variations in the polytropic index, heating rate per unit mass, temperature, pressure, and various internal forces. The model incorporates inputs of 3D kinematics obtained from the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model. In our study, we chose nine fast-speed CMEs from 2010 to 2012. Our investigation elucidates that the selected fast-speed CMEs show a heat-release phase at the beginning, followed by a heat-absorption phase with a near-isothermal state in their later propagation phase. The thermal state transition, from heat release to heat absorption, occurs at around 3($\pm$0.3) to 7($\pm$0.7) $R_\odot$ for different CMEs. We found that the CMEs with higher expansion speeds experience a less pronounced sharp temperature decrease before gaining a near-isothermal state. The differential emission measurement (DEM) analysis findings, using multiwavelength observation from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, also show a heat release state of CMEs at lower coronal heights. We also find the dominant internal forces influencing CME radial expansion at varying distances from the Sun. Our study shows the need to characterize the internal thermodynamic properties of CMEs better in both observational and modeling studies, offering insights for refining assumptions of a constant value of the polytropic index during the evolution of CMEs.
Genetic and neuronal basis for facial emotion perception in humans and macaques
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Bo , Lu Xiqian , Wang Ruidi , Ma Jian , Chen Yujie , Zhou Yuan , Dai Ji , Jiang Yi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The ability to rapidly recognize basic facial emotions (e.g. fear) is crucial for social interactions and adaptive functioning. To date, the origin of facial-emotion-recognition ability remains equivocal. Using a classical twin design in humans, we found a clear dissection of low and high spatial frequencies (LSF and HSF) in facial emotion perception: whereas genetic factors contributed to individual variation in LSF processing, HSF processing is largely shaped by environmental effects. Furthermore, the ability to recognize facial emotions of LSF content genetically correlated with the function of the amygdala. Crucially, single-unit recording of the amygdala in macaques further revealed the dissociation between LSF and HSF processing in facial emotion perception, indicating the existence of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. This cross-species study enhances insights into the neurobiological dual-route model (subcortical vs. cortical) of emotion perception and illuminates the origin and the functional development of the emotional brain in primates.
Bio-inspired carbon-based artificial muscle with precise and continuous morphing capabilities
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Li Meiping , Zhang Mingjia , Liu Qin , Zhang Deyi , Liu Wenjing , Yan Xingru , Huang Changshui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In the face of advancements in microrobotics, intelligent control and precision medicine, artificial muscle actuation systems must meet demands for precise control, high stability, environmental adaptability and high integration miniaturization. Carbon materials, being lightweight, strong and highly conductive and flexible, show great potential for artificial muscles. Inspired by the butterfly's proboscis, we have developed a carbon-based artificial muscle, hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne muscle (HsGDY-M), fabricated efficiently using an emerging hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) film with an asymmetrical surface structure. This muscle features reversible, rapid and continuously adjustable deformation capabilities similar to the butterfly's proboscis, triggered by the conversion of carbon bonds. The size of the HsGDY-M can be tuned by changing the HsGDY film width from ∼1 cm to 100 μm. Our research demonstrates HsGDY-M's stability and adaptability, maintaining performance at temperatures as low as −25°C. This artificial muscle was successfully integrated into a robotic mechanical arm, allowing it to swiftly adjust its posture and lift objects up to 11 times its own weight. Its beneficial responsiveness is transferable, enabling the transformation of ‘inert’ objects like copper foil into actuators via surface bonding. Because of its super sensitive and rapid deformation, HsGDY-M was applied to create a real-time tracking system for human finger bending movements, achieving real-time simulation and large-hand-to-small-hand control. Our study indicates that HsGDY-M holds significant promise for advancing smart robotics and precision medicine.
The Metabolic Characteristics and Bioavailability of Resveratrol Based on Metabolic Enzymes
Authors: Yang Yang , Sun Yan , Gu Tianyi , Yan Yang , Guo Jiaxiu , Zhang Xue , Pang Hanqing , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RV) has garnered fame for its extensive pharmacological properties. Although clinical studies have shown some positive results, many contradictory outcomes remain. An important obstacle to the development of therapeutic applications for RV is its low bioavailability in vivo. This may be partially attributed to biotransformation mediated by phase I and II enzymes, such as cytochrome P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and sulfotransferases. To date, more than 20 different types of metabolites have been detected after catalysis by these enzymes. Notably, RV and some of its metabolites serve as substrates for these enzymes. Conversely, RV can directly regulate the expression or activity of these enzymes. Given the increasing number of studies investigating the bioactivity of RV, this review summarizes its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics and describes the metabolism of RV and the bioactivities of its metabolites, with emphasis on the interaction between RV and its related metabolic enzymes. In addition to hepatic metabolism, the crucial roles of RV metabolism in multiple other tissues and organs cannot be overlooked, and they reveal the relationship between RV metabolism and its biological potential.
Which MPs get elevated to the UK House of Lords?
Authors: Holden Bates Stephen , Horncastle William C R , Bhattacharya Caroline , McKay Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using logistic regression and a dataset of 816 MPs who sat in the UK House of Commons between 1997 and 2019, we analyse which MPs get elevated to the upper chamber. Drawing on literatures concerning progressive political ambition, the UK Parliament and the wider nature of the British state, we test hypotheses concerning loyalty, expertise and nepotism. We find evidence to support all three but expertise in the form of frontbench experience and, for those MPs without such experience, loyalty appear to be the most important factors driving elevation. Our research has implications for debates surrounding House of Lords reform.
Diatoms exhibit dynamic chloroplast calcium signals in response to high light and oxidative stress
Authors: Flori Serena , Dickenson Jack , Gaikwad Trupti , Cole Isobel , Smirnoff Nicholas , Helliwell Katherine E , Brownlee Colin , Wheeler Glen L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Diatoms are a group of silicified algae that play a major role in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Diatom chloroplasts were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis and exhibit important structural and functional differences from the primary plastids of land plants and green algae. Many functions of primary plastids, including photoacclimation and inorganic carbon acquisition, are regulated by calcium-dependent signaling processes. Calcium signaling has also been implicated in the photoprotective responses of diatoms; however, the nature of calcium elevations in diatom chloroplasts and their wider role in cell signaling remains unknown. Using genetically encoded calcium indicators, we find that the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibits dynamic calcium elevations within the chloroplast stroma. Stromal calcium ([Ca2+]str) acts independently from the cytosol and is not elevated by stimuli that induce large cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevations. In contrast, high light and exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induce large, sustained [Ca2+]str elevations that are not replicated in the cytosol. Measurements using the fluorescent H2O2 sensor roGFP2-Oxidant Receptor Peroxidase 1 (Orp1) indicate that [Ca2+]str elevations induced by these stimuli correspond to the accumulation of H2O2 in the chloroplast. [Ca2+]str elevations were also induced by adding methyl viologen, which generates superoxide within the chloroplast, and by treatments that disrupt nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). The findings indicate that diatoms generate specific [Ca2+]str elevations in response to high light and oxidative stress that likely modulate the activity of calcium-sensitive components in photoprotection and other regulatory pathways.
Inter-city firm connections and the scaling of urban economic indicators
Authors: Yang Vicky Chuqiao , Jackson Jacob J , Kempes Christopher P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cities exhibit consistent returns to scale in economic outputs, and urban scaling analysis is widely adopted to uncover common mechanisms in cities’ socioeconomic productivity. Leading theories view cities as closed systems, with returns to scale arising from intra-city social interactions. Here, we argue that the interactions between cities, particularly via shared organizations such as firms, significantly influence a city’s economic output. By examining global data on city connectivity through multinational firms alongside urban scaling Gross Domestic Product (GDP) statistics from the United States, EU, and China, we establish that global connectivity notably enhances GDP, while controlling for population. After accounting for global connectivity, the effect of population on GDP is no longer distinguishable from linear. To differentiate between local and global mechanisms, we analyzed homicide case data, anticipating dominant local effects. As expected, inter-city connectivity showed no significant impact. Our research highlights that inter-city effects affect some urban outputs more than others. This empirical analysis lays the groundwork for incorporating inter-city organizational connections into urban scaling theories and could inform future model development.
A Welfare Analysis of Tax Audits Across the Income Distribution
Authors: Boning William C , Hendren Nathaniel , Sprung-Keyser Ben , Stuart Ellen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We estimate the returns to IRS audits of taxpayers across the income distribution. We find an additional $1 spent auditing taxpayers above the 90th income percentile yields more than $12 in revenue, while audits of below-median income taxpayers yield $5. We construct our estimates by drawing from comprehensive internal accounting information and audit-level enforcement logs. We begin by estimating the average initial return to all audits of U.S. taxpayers filing in tax years 2010–2014. On average, $1 in audit spending initially raises $2.17 in revenue. Audits of high-income taxpayers are more costly, but the additional revenue raised more than offsets the costs. Audits of the 99–99.9th percentile have a 3.2:1 initial return; audits of the top 0.1% return 6.3:1. We then exploit the 40% audit reduction between tax years 2010 and 2014 to examine the returns to marginal audits. We find they exceed the returns to average audits. Revenues remain relatively unchanged, but marginal costs fall below average costs due to economies of scale. Next, we use randomly selected audits to examine the effect of an initial audit on future revenue. This individual deterrence effect produces at least three times more revenue than the initial audit. Deterrence effects are relatively consistent across the income distribution. This results in the 12:1 return above the 90th percentile. We conclude by estimating the welfare consequences of audits using the MVPF framework and comparing audits to other revenue-raising policies. We find that audits raise revenue at lower welfare cost.
A life of research on everyday sleep(iness)
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This is a personal review of a research life focused on sleep in everyday life. It finds that irregular work hours shorten sleep duration and increase sleepiness, both subjectively and objectively (polysomnography). Also, experimental lab studies demonstrate reduced sleep duration (and sleep stages N2 and REM) when sleep is moved into the daylight hours (and the circadian upswing). Stage N3% seems not affected, and homeostatic experiments suggest that awakenings should not occur until the need for N3% or total spectral power has been satisfied. Furthermore, sleepiness is associated with increased alpha activity and slow eye movements, although the best indicator of dangerous sleepiness is subjective ratings (linked to perceptions of heavy eye lids). Everyday stress has very modest negative effects on objective sleep quality. Sleep loss as well as excessive sleep durations are linked to mortality, but with modest risk, and mainly in older individuals. Finally, objective sleep poorly reflects subjective sleep quality, and women appear to report poorer sleep than men, while objective data show better sleep quality in women. The discrepancy is considerably greater in older age groups.
A comprehensive evaluation system for ultrasound-guided infusion of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs in liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Zhou Guo , You Yijuan , Wang Binghua , Wang Simin , Feng Tianhang , Lai Chunyou , Xiang Guangming , Yang Ke , Yao Yutong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via portal vein is one of the main ways for MSCs transplantation to treat liver cirrhosis (LC). As the tissue of LC showed diffuse fibrosis and thickened Glission sheath, the soft pig-tail catheter, or central venous catheter can not successfully insert the portal vein. Thus, our study used an improved method and performed a relatively comprehensive system to evaluate the effect for human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) transplantation.

Method
Fifteen patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis were enrolled in the study, and we performed hUC-MSCs transplantation via portal vein by using an 16-G needle and 0.035-inch guide wire combined with 7FR “retentional metal stiffner trocar” of pig-tail catheter under the guidance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Serum liver function, fibrotic indicators, tissue stiffness, coagulation function, and hemodynamics were measured at weeks 4, 12, and 24 after MSCs transplantation. Liver biopsy was performed before and 24 weeks after hUC-MSCs transplantation.

Result
After hUC-MSCs transplantation, the prothrombin time was lower than before. The levels of hyaluronic acid and IV-C(Type IV collagen) in fibrotic indicators were significantly reduced, and the Young’s modulus was also decreased. Moreover, liver biopsy showed that the lytic necrosis of hepatocyte was decreased. In liver hemodynamics, the portal vein diameter was decreased after hUC-MSCs transplantation.

Conclusion
hUC-MSCs transplantation can alleviate liver damage caused by LC. The improved “retentional metal stiffner trocar” of pig-tail catheter was safe and effective in the infusion of hUC-MSCs transplantation, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.
Exploring perceptions of bacteriophage use in the UK across the One Health spectrum: a roundtable discussion
Authors: Cullen Lucky , Neale Daisy , Kinchin Helen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 2022, the UK Government launched the My Science Inquiry, an open call for potential topics of inquiry within science and technology. Applied Microbiology International (AMI) recommended bacteriophage as an alternative to antimicrobials, due to the increasingly serious threat of antimicrobial resistance. This resulted in an inquiry and report by the House of Commons Science, Innovation & Technology Committee, for which the government published a response in March 2024. In July 2024, AMI held a closed roundtable discussion, inviting bacteriophage experts across the One Health spectrum and all stages of the phage development pipeline to discuss some of the major barriers to phage therapy implementation within the UK. Overall, the lack of investment, national infrastructure and public awareness regarding phage therapy, its development and its potential, were agreed upon as the key barriers that need to be overcome to more widely implement phage therapy across the UK. Continuation of the Phage Innovation Network was repeatedly recognized as an essential requisite for overcoming these barriers and for ensuring the progress of phage innovation. The aim of this paper is to provide a progressive step for phage therapy, continuing momentum to facilitate their widespread implementation nationally.
Looking back at Covid-19 government restrictions: were local lockdown regions with tighter restrictions less adherent before the restrictions and more adherent after?
Authors: den Daas Chantal , Johnston Marie , Hubbard Gill , Dixon Diane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is assumed that increases in Covid-19 cases are caused by people not adhering to advised individual transmission-reducing behaviours. Upon the implementation of restrictions, the hypothesis is that those individuals will change their behaviour. We aimed to retrospectively explore adherence to physical distancing before and after restrictions (e.g., lockdowns) were implemented in a region of Scotland. We assessed adherence, intention, and self-efficacy to physical distancing in a series of cross-sectional telephone surveys of a representative sample of adults in Scotland. We included data from before regional restrictions and after restrictions and examined whether regions with and without restrictions differed in adherence. A total of 1724 Scottish adults (675 men, M age = 52.79 years, SD = 17.92) participated (879 (51.0%) pre-restriction, 466 (27.0%) from a restricted region). ANOVA showed that none of the main effects (for region or time) nor the interaction effect were significant. There was a main effect of time on self-efficacy, such that self-efficacy was lower post-restriction measures (M = 4.13, SD = 0.81) compared to pre-restriction time (M = 4.22, SD = 0.79). There was no evidence that adherence was weaker before restrictions were implemented in regions with higher case rates. Nor was there evidence that imposing restrictions increased adherence. In a future pandemic, it is advisable to assess behaviour and beliefs about Covid-19, risk, and behaviours on an ongoing basis and to use that as indicators of the need for intervention even before cases rates start to go up.
Proteins and noncoding RNAs that promote homologous chromosome recognition and pairing in fission yeast meiosis undergo condensate formation in vitro
Authors: Ding Da‐Qiao , Okamasa Kasumi , Yoshimura Yuriko , Matsuda Atsushi , Yamamoto Takaharu G. , Hiraoka Yasushi , Nakayama Jun‐ichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is crucial for successful sexual reproduction. Previous studies have shown that the fission yeast sme2 RNA, a meiosis‐specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), accumulates at the sme2 locus and plays a key role in mediating robust pairing during meiosis. Several RNA‐binding proteins accumulate at the sme2 and other lncRNA gene loci in conjunction with the lncRNAs transcribed from these loci. These lncRNA‐protein complexes form condensates that exhibit phase separation properties on chromosomes and are necessary for robust pairing of homologous chromosomes. To further understand the mechanisms by which phase separation affects homologous chromosome pairing, we conducted an in vitro phase separation assay with the sme2 RNA‐associated proteins (Smps) and RNAs. Our findings reveal that one of the Smps, Seb1, forms condensates resembling phase separation; the observed number and size of these condensates increase upon the addition of another Smp, Rhn1, and purified RNAs. Additionally, we have found that RNAs protect Smp condensates from treatment with 1,6‐hexanediol. The Smp condensates containing different types of RNA display distinct FRAP profiles, and the Smp condensates containing the same type of RNA tend to fuse together more readily than those containing different types of RNAs. Collectively, these results indicate that the specific RNA species within condensates modulate their physical properties, potentially enabling the formation of regional RNA‐Smp condensates with distinct characteristics that facilitate homologous chromosome pairing.
Single‐cell sequencing combined with transcriptomics and in vivo and in vitro analysis reveals the landscape of ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhong Chongning , Dong Hui , Ma Yuting , Zhuang Bingqi , Shi Hongyang , Hong Lan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a significant risk factor for acute myocardial infarction and is closely associated with ferroptosis. This study aimed to identify key ferroptosis‐related genes as potential diagnostic markers for MIRI and to explore their roles in immune infiltration and therapeutic targeting in myocardial tissue. We obtained single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and RNA‐seq data on MIRI from the GEO database, applied Seurat and UMAP for data processing and clustering, and analyzed ligand‐receptor interactions using CellPhoneDB. By scoring ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, we identified differentially expressed genes and conducted GO and KEGG pathway analyses. A protein interaction network was then constructed using the STRING database, and seven key genes (Atp5h, Vdac2, Pkm, Cycs, Hspa8, Tpi1, Ldha) were identified through Lasso regression modeling, showing significant associations with immune responses. In vivo experiments in a mouse ischemia‐reperfusion model confirmed the roles of these seven genes in MIRI via RT‐qPCR. To further investigate the role of Hspa8 in ferroptosis and MIRI, siRNA knockdown experiments were performed in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes, and its involvement in ferroptosis was validated by JC‐1 staining and PCR analysis. This study reveals the importance of ferroptosis‐related genes in MIRI through integrated bioinformatics and experimental approaches, offering new insights into diagnostic markers and immune‐related therapeutic targets for MIRI.