bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale: Translation for portuguese language, cultural adaptation, and validation
Authors: Lenzi LGS , Santos JBG , Raduan Neto J , Fernandes CH , Faloppa F 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEvaluating scars is fundamental to analyse the outcome of treatments that include surgical intervention. Scales facilitate this type of assessment, but most of these measuring instruments are in different languages. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) is one of the most robust instruments available in the literature for the evaluation of scars, although there is no validated version in Brazilian Portuguese. The aims of this study were to culturally translate and validate POSAS for the Portuguese language of Brazil and to test its reproducibility, face validity, content, and construct. Following the methodology proposed by Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz, MB, Spine 2000, 25, 3186, the questionnaire was translated and adapted to the Brazilian culture. The reproducibility, face, content, and construct validity were then analysed. In all, the scale was applied to 35 patients with postoperative scars (patient version) and 35 hand surgery specialists (version for the observer). The internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and construct validation was performed by correlating the translated instrument with the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). The cultural adaptation of POSAS Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) was confirmed. Both subscales showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.77‐0.93), demonstrating reliability. The reproducibility was excellent, and the adapted scale demonstrated significant intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility (r > 0.9) (P < 0.05). The validity of the construct was significant and showed good sensitivity between POSAS EMP/UNIFESP and the VSS. This study confirmed that POSAS EPM/UNIFESP can be used to evaluate patients with surgical scars in the Brazilian population. It has proven to be useful for clinical and research purposes, lending itself to capturing medical opinions and those of the patients themselves.
Analysis of taste, cordycepin, phenolic compounds, and water distribution of radio frequency heated Cordyceps militaris combined with electronic tongue and NMR
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhang Min , Xu Jicheng , Zhao Shuyong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRadio frequency (RF) was applied to heat Cordyceps militaris for the purpose of quality evaluation and microorganism control. RF heating caused gradual temperature increases ranging from 59.6 to 63.8°C, resulting in good heating uniformity and uniform temperature distribution. Compared with conventional high pressure steam (HPS), RF heating resulted in significant (p < .05) higher total phenolic, flavonoids, and cordycepin contents of C. militaris. In addition to higher reduction of total aerobic bacteria counts, bitterness taste value increased from 2.35 (unpasteurized) to 4.79 (HPS). Umami value significantly decreased from 13.58 (unpasteurized sample) to 12.13 (HPS treated sample). Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that 20 min of RF significantly reduced the loss of water mobility than HPS. Principal component analysis of taste characteristics indicated distinct differences between RF and HPS treated samples. Hierarchical clustering analysis also revealed higher similarity between RF heated samples and the unpasteurized one.Practical applicationsCordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal mushroom with high nutritional quality. Results of the present study indicate that radio frequency (RF) contributed to higher umami taste, higher retention of bioactive compounds, and higher water mobility of C. militaris. Therefore, this process can be used to develop a promising alternative to conventional thermal method for the processing of C. militaris. It is highly possible that RF could be applied to healthy food industries.
The Challenges of March and Simon’s Organizations: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Bromiley Philip , Koumakhov Rouslan , Rousseau Denise M. , Starbuck William H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMarch and Simon pushed the study of organizations into the mainstream of academic writing about business. We outline central ideas discussed by the book and its pioneering role in studying cognitive processes underlying boundedly rational human beings. Through their representational approach, March and Simon defined and explicated key mechanisms of individual and organizational decision‐making. Organizations provided an empirically‐based understanding of human behavior and coordination, and set up core scientific criteria for creating the cumulative body of management and organization research. We summarize the papers presented in this special issue and point out contributions by Organizations that have been understated, forgotten or ignored in management studies.
Gut microbiota perturbation is associated with acute sleep disturbance among rectal cancer patients
Authors: González‐Mercado Velda J. , Sarkar Anujit , Penedo Frank J. , Pérez‐Santiago Josué , McMillan Susan , Marrero Sara Janet , Marrero‐Falcón Miguel A. , Munro Cindy L. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCancer treatment‐associated gut microbial perturbation/dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathobiology of sleep disturbance; however, evidence is scarce. Eighteen newly diagnosed rectal cancer patients (ages 52–81 years; 10 males) completed a sleep disturbance questionnaire and provided stool samples for 16s RNA gene sequencing during chemo‐radiotherapy. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test and regression analyses were computed. Regression analyses showed the Shannon's diversity index to be a significant factor associated with sleep disturbance. This preliminary work suggests that the biological “gut–brain axis” mechanism may be associated with symptoms of sleep disturbance.
Assessing the hydrologic impact of historical railroad embankments on wetland vegetation response in Canaan Valley, West Virginia: the value of high‐resolution data
Authors: Young John , Welsch Daniel , Deacon Sarah 
Published: October 2019

The recovery of natural ecological processes after disturbance is poorly understood. Some disturbances may be so severe as to set ecosystems onto a new trajectory. The Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge in West Virginia protects a unique high‐altitude wetland that was heavily disturbed by logging 100 years before present (BP) and has since transitioned to a new ecological state (shrub wetland). Refuge managers interested in preserving and restoring ecosystem states expressed concern about lingering impacts of previous disturbances (logging, railroads, beaver, deer, fire). Available data suggested hydrologic impacts from a remnant railroad grade, but managers had insufficient quantitative data to assess these impacts. We initiated a fine‐scale assessment of topography, vegetation distribution, and hydrology to assess impacts from the remnant rail grade using lidar data, vegetation surveys, and piezometers. We developed topographic models, hydrological models, and mapped vegetation distribution. We developed statistical models to assess relationships between vegetation communities, hydrology, and distance to the rail grade. Surprisingly, we found that hydrologic flow paths did not conform to expectation and were not restricted by remnant land use features. For the most part, vegetation communities are responding to topographic and environmental gradients that existed prior to disturbance. Use of highly detailed topographic data (lidar), field hydrology, and vegetation studies allowed us to more accurately assess hydrologic and vegetation regimes, eliminating the need for mitigation, thus saving significant resources.
Evaluation of a 0.75 × 109/L absolute neutrophil count cut‐off for antimicrobial prophylaxis in canine cancer chemotherapy patients
Authors: Bisson Jocelyn L. , Fournier Quentin , Johnston Emily , Handel Ian , Bavcar Spela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbsolute neutrophil count (ANC) cut‐offs for antimicrobial prophylaxis in veterinary cancer chemotherapy patients are empirical and vary between institutions. Evidence based cut‐offs are vital for antimicrobial stewardship, particularly as global antimicrobial resistance rises. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerability of a <0.75 × 109/l ANC cut‐off for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs after receiving chemotherapy and its impact on antimicrobial prescription. Predicted nadir ANCs (pnANCs) were stratified into six groups (<0.75 × 109/l [receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis], 0.75‐0.99 × 109/l, 1‐1.49 × 109/l, 1.5‐1.99 × 109/l, 2.0‐3.59 × 109/l and 3.6‐12 × 109/l [reference interval]). The incidences of post‐nadir febrile neutropenia (FN) and non‐haematological toxicity (NHT) were compared between groups. Five hundred and eighty‐six pnANCs were recorded for 181 dogs. There were four episodes of post‐nadir FN and 90 episodes of post‐nadir NHT. There was no significant difference in incidence of post‐nadir FN (P= .063) or post‐nadir NHT (P= .084) between pnANC groups. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was prescribed following 8.8% of the chemotherapy administrations; had cut‐off values of <1.0 × 109/l or <1.5 × 109/l been used it would have been prescribed in 15.3% and 25.8% of cases respectively. An ANC cut‐off of <0.75 × 109/l for antimicrobial prophylaxis appears to be well tolerated and minimizes the prescription of antimicrobials.
Anisotropic MHRDE model in BD theory of gravitation
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Dixit Archana , Singhal Shilpi 
Published: October 2019

In this paper, in the framework of the Brans–Dicke [Phys. Rev. 124 (1961) 925] Gravitation theory, we propose to study the spatially homogeneous, anisotropic and axially symmetric model filled with dark matter and dark energy. Here, we consider the modified holographic Ricci dark energy proposed by Chen and Jing [Phys. Rev. B 679 (2009) 144] as a feasible state of darkness. To achieve a solution, we consider the time-dependent deceleration parameter, which contributes to the average scale factor of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are arbitrary constants. We have derived field equations of Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation with the help of an axially symmetric anisotropic Bianchi-type space-time. We have determined the cosmological parameters, namely, deceleration parameter, matter energy density, anisotropic dark energy density, BD scalar field, skewness parameter, EoS parameter and jerk parameter. Here, the various phenomena like the Big Bang, expanding the universe, and shift from anisotropy to isotropy are observed in the model. A comprehensive physical debate of these dynamic parameters is provided through a graphical representation. We observe that we have a quintessence model that exhibits a smooth transition from decelerated stage to an accelerated phase of the universe. This situation is in complete agreement with the modern cosmology scenario. Some physical and geometric behaviors are also discussed and discovered to be in excellent agreement with SNe Ia Supernova’s latest observations.
Thrombus Migration Paradox in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Alves Heitor C. , Treurniet Kilian M. , Jansen Ivo G.H. , Yoo Albert J. , Dutra Bruna G. , Zhang Guang , Yo Lonneke , van Es Adriaan C.G.M. , Emmer Bart J. , van den Berg René , van den Wijngaard Ido R. , Lycklama à Nijeholt Geert J. , Vos Jan-Albert , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , Schonewille Wouter , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators‡
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
The location of the thrombus as observed on first digital subtraction angiography during endovascular treatment may differ from the initial observation on initial noninvasive imaging. We studied the incidence of thrombus dynamics, its impact on patient outcomes, and its association with intravenous thrombolytics.

Methods—
We included patients from the MR CLEAN registry (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) with an initial target occlusion on computed tomography angiography located in the intracranial internal carotid artery, M1, or M2. The conventional angiography target occlusion was defined during endovascular treatment. Thrombus dynamics were classified as growth, stability, migration, and resolution. The primary outcome was functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale). The secondary outcomes were successful and complete reperfusion (extended treatment in cerebral infarction scores of 2b-3 and 3, respectively).

Results—
The analysis included 1349 patients. Thrombus migration occurred in 302 (22%) patients, thrombus growth in 87 (6%), and thrombus resolution in 39 (3%). Intravenous treatment with alteplase was associated with more thrombus migration (adjusted odds ratio, 2.01; CI, 1.29–3.11) and thrombus resolution (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85; CI, 1.22–2.80). Thrombus migration was associated with a lower chance of complete reperfusion (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; CI, 0.42–0.78) and successful reperfusion (adjusted odds ratio, 0.74; CI, 0.55–0.99). In the subgroup of patients with M1 initial target occlusion, thrombus migration was associated with better functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio, 1.49; CI, 1.02–2.17), and there was a trend towards better functional outcome in patients with thrombus resolution (adjusted common odds ratio, 2.23; CI, 0.93–5.37).

Conclusions—
In patients with acute ischemic stroke, thrombus location regularly changes between computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Administration of intravenous alteplase increases the chance of thrombus migration and resolution. Thrombus migration is associated with better functional outcome but reduces the rate of complete reperfusion.
The barratry of the shipmaster in early modern law: the approach of Italian and English law courts
Authors: Rossi Guido 
Published: October 2019

Summary
For a long time, the concept of barratry (at least in its maritime meaning) was one and the same on both sides of the Channel. The barratry of the shipmaster was part of the mercantile usages, and it identified the intentionally blameworthy conduct of the master. When law courts began to decide on insurance litigation they were confronted with a notion quite alien to them. Broadly speaking, the shipmaster’s barratry could well be considered a fraud of sort. But in order to decide on its occurrence in a specific case, law courts had to analyse it in legal terms, and so according to the specific legal categories of their own system. The point ceases to be trivially obvious if we think that the different legal framework of civil and common law courts progressively led to very different interpretations of the same thing. Thus, with the shift of insurance litigation from mercantile justice to law courts maritime barratry began to acquire increasingly different features in the two legal systems. Very often, the very same conduct of the shipmaster was considered as negligent by civil law courts and barratrous by common law courts. The difference was of great practical importance, for many policies excluded barratry from the risks insured against. So, depending on the kind of law court, an insurer could be charged with full liability for the mishap or walk away without paying anything. If the beginning of the story was the same, its end could not have been more different.
Sustainable Development Goal 16 at a Cross-Roads
Authors: Lachenmann Frauke 
Published: October 2019

The negotiation process of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) process was extremely ambitious. It sought to remedy all the shortcomings of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) by ensuring transparency, ownership of the countries of the Global South, strong involvement of civil society groups and stakeholders, and creating a truly transformative set of sustainable development goals. Yet, it did not manage to avoid all the mistakes that were characteristic of the formulation of the MDGS. In addition, it struggled with its very own problems.
The article traces the developments and debates that led to the formulation of Goal 16 on the rule of law. It shows that the success of this ambitious goal largely depends on the refinement of the indicator framework and the review mechanism.
“I’m not alone”: Women’s experiences of recovery oriented occupational therapy groups following depression
Authors: Woolley Hannah , Levy Esther , Spector Samantha , Geneau Naomie , Castro Aileen , Rouleau Suzanne , Roy Laurence 
Published: October 2019

Background. Occupational therapy groups have been carried out as interventions in mental health settings across a variety of populations. Limited research explores the lived experience of individuals with depression following participation in recovery oriented occupational therapy groups. Purpose. To better understand how recovery oriented occupational therapy groups shape participants’ personal experience of daily life, including recovery. Method. Five individuals who had previously completed at least one recovery oriented occupational therapy group each participated in two in-depth semi-structured interviews. Analyses of the transcripts were completed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings. Participants’ experiences of the recovery oriented occupational therapy groups ranged from positive to negative, with variable impacts on their lived experiences. Two major themes emerged: (a) participants’ perception of “normal” and (b) navigation of meaningful participation. Implications. Increased understanding of what aspects of recovery oriented occupational therapy groups are meaningful to individuals with depression can help support their personal recovery process.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson Disease and Impact on Quality of Life: A Community-Based Study in Spain
Authors: Chuquilín-Arista Fany , Álvarez-Avellón Tania , Menéndez-González Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Background: Identifying neuropsychiatric disorders is essential for prompt treatment to reduce morbidity. Among these disorders, anxiety and depression have been frequently associated with Parkinson disease (PD), particularly among elderly population. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a series of community-based PD cases in Spain, their relationship with different clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, and quality of life. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, survey-based study with 95 community-based patients with PD diagnosis at different disease stages. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory II, respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 32.63% and 68.42%, respectively. Concomitant depression and anxiety were observed in 31.58% of patients. Patients with longer than 10 years’ PD duration had an increased risk of depression. We found a relationship between the presence of anxiety, depression, and the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: Depression is present in one-third and anxiety in two-thirds of PD cases in community settings in Spain. Depression and anxiety have a very negative impact on quality of life in PD. Both anxiety and depression are independent from sociodemographic characteristics, patient’s comorbidities, or antiparkinsonian treatments; presenting as intrinsic symptoms in PD.
Nocturnal hypoxia in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yan Lu , Luo Qin , Zhao Zhihui , Zhao Qing , Jin Qi , Zhang Yi , Liu Zhihong 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSleep‐disordered breathing causes a variety of cardiovascular complications and increases the risk of a poor prognosis in patients. There is still some controversy regarding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of desaturation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, evaluate the effect of desaturation on the clinical status of patients with IPAH, and identify possible influencing factors.MethodsPatients with IPAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization who underwent overnight cardiorespiratory monitoring from January 2018 to July 2019 were enrolled. Nocturnal hypoxic time was defined as the time that oxygen saturation remained below 90%. Desaturation was defined as a nocturnal oxygen saturation level less than 90% for more than 10% of the total recording time. Baseline clinical characteristics and parameters were collected to compare IPAH patients with and without desaturation. In addition, logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors associated with desaturation in IPAH patients.ResultsFifty patients with IPAH were included. Among them, 17 patients presented desaturation. Patients with desaturation were older, had a shorter six‐min walking distance (6MWD), had a higher mean right atrial pressure, and had a lower daytime arterial oxygen partial pressure than patients without desaturation, and there were significant differences in the VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the 6 MWD (OR = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.948–0.994, P = 0.013) and; VE/VCO2 slope (OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.010–1.307, P = 0.032) were independently associated with desaturation after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.ConclusionNocturnal hypoxia is common in IPAH patients. Desaturation may aggravate the clinical situation of patients with IPAH. In IPAH patients, a poor exercise capacity (6 MWD) and the VE/VCO2 slope can predict desaturation after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.