bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of connectivity in populations of a semi‐aquatic mammal using kinship categories and network assortativity
Authors: Escoda Lídia , Fernández‐González Ángel , Castresana Jose 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnalysing the impact of anthropogenic and natural river barriers on the dispersal of aquatic and semi‐aquatic species may be critical for their conservation. Knowledge of kinship relationships between individuals and reconstructions of pedigrees obtained using genomic data can be extremely useful, not only for studying the social organization of animals, but also inferring contemporary dispersal and quantifying the effect of specific barriers on current connectivity. In this study, we used kinship data to analyse connectivity patterns in a small semi‐aquatic mammal, the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus), in an area comprising two river systems with close headwaters and dams of various heights and types. Using a large SNP dataset from 70 specimens, we obtained kinship categories and reconstructed pedigrees. To quantify the barrier effect of specific obstacles, we built kinship networks and devised a method based on the assortativity coefficient, which measures the proportion between observed and expected kinship relationships across a barrier. The estimation of this parameter enabled us to infer that the most important barrier in the area was the watershed divide between the rivers, followed by a dam on one of the rivers. Other barriers did not significantly reduce the expected number of kinship relationships across them. This strategy and the information obtained with it may be crucial in determining the most important connectivity problems in an area and help develop conservation plans aimed at improving genetic exchange between populations of threatened species.
Temporal pattern of neuronal insulin release during Caenorhabditis elegans aging: Role of redox homeostasis
Authors: Minniti Alicia N. , Arriagada Héctor , Zúñiga Soledad , Bravo‐Zehnder Marcela , Alfaro Iván E. , Aldunate Rebeca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway has a central role in the determination of aging and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. In this paper, we measured neuronal insulin secretion (using INS‐22::Venus) during C. elegans lifespan and monitored how this secretion is modified by redox homeostasis. We showed that INS‐22::Venus secretion fluctuates during the organism lifetime reaching maximum levels in the active reproductive stage. We also demonstrate that long‐lived daf‐2 insulin receptor mutants show remarkable low levels of INS‐22::Venus secretion. In contrast, we found that short‐lived mutant worms that lack the oxidation repair enzyme MSRA‐1 show increased levels of INS‐22::Venus secretion, specifically during the reproductive stage. MSRA‐1 is a target of the insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway, and the expression of this antioxidant enzyme exclusively in the nervous system rescues the mutant insulin release phenotype and longevity. The msra‐1 mutant phenotype can also be reverted by antioxidant treatment during the active reproductive stage. We showed for the first time that there is a pattern of neuronal insulin release with a noticeable increment during the peak of reproduction. Our results suggest that redox homeostasis can modulate longevity through the regulation of insulin secretion, and that the insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway could be regulated, at least in part, by a feedback loop. These findings highlight the importance of timing for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving health span.
The farming of trust:
Authors: SESHIA GALVIN SHAILA 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCertification is increasingly used in diverse spheres of social, political, and economic life, in which it is associated with transparency projects and audit cultures. In the Doon Valley of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, the state government has supported certified organic agriculture since the early 2000s. Although practices of document keeping and inspections required by organic certification were intended to make agrarian practices legible and transparent, in practice they often failed to do so. Officials charged with conducting certification ultimately framed organic agriculture as a moral enterprise, finding sentiments ofviśvās(trust, belief, or faith) to be crucial to their work. Rather than producing certainty and transparent knowledge, certification practices may generate forms of uncertainty that compel, and rely for their resolution on, sentiments of trust. [organic agriculture, certification, audit, transparency, trust, bureaucracy, India]
The importance of early diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus complex in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ravnholt Cecilie , Kolpen Mette , Skov Marianne , Moser Claus , Katzenstein Terese L. , Pressler Tania , Høiby Niels , Qvist Tavs 
Published: November 2018

Mycobacterium abscessus complex can cause severe lung infections and has proven to be a serious threat to patients with cystic fibrosis and a challenge for clinicians due to difficulties in timely diagnosis and complex multidrug treatment regimes. Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but in most cystic fibrosis centers it is performed less frequently than culture for other pathogens. Consensus today recommends just one annual mycobacterial culture for asymptomatic patients with cystic fibrosis, a strategy likely to lead to diagnostic delays. Postponement of diagnosis might be the deciding factor in whether an early colonization turns into chronic infection. This review highlights the latest developments in knowledge about the pathogenicity and clinical consequences of M. abscessus complex pulmonary disease, addressing the central theme of why pulmonary infection requires early identification and aggressive antibiotic treatment. The window of opportunity, before M. abscessus complex transforms from a mucosal colonizer to a chronic biofilm infection, is where microbial eradication is most likely to be successful, making early diagnosis essential for improved outcomes.
What the Doctors Don't See: Physicians as Gatekeepers, Injured Latino Immigrants, and Workers' Compensation System
Authors: Castillo Carla G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWorkers' compensation systems require injured employees to overcome cumbersome requirements in order to obtain health‐care and salary‐replacement benefits. The structural vulnerabilities of Latino immigrants put them at greater risk for workplace injuries and further complicate their search for redress. As a medico‐legal system, workers' compensation relies on medical professionals to interrogate the bodies of injured low‐wage immigrant workers. This article aims to clarify how workers' trajectories are impacted by interactions with health‐care system. Utilizing activist research methods, I collaborated with Fuerza Laboral, a worker center in Rhode Island, from the fall of 2013 to the end of 2014, to survey and interview injured Latino workers, physicians, and legal professionals. I bring together worker narratives and physician reflections to identify how the compensation system's reliance on biomedicine contributes to poor outcomes for injured immigrant workers. Considering the medical “gaze,” prejudice against injured workers, racial and ethnic bias in medicine, and the pitfalls of cultural competency training, I outline the mechanics of how the medical‐legal system corrodes the patient‐physician relationship. Evaluating the risks of positioning physicians as gatekeepers, I advocate for uncoupling medical evaluations from compensation cases, the importance of healthcare system reform, and medical curricula that emphasize structural analysis. Such reforms may liberalize access to health care for injured workers as well as stymie bias in medical education.
Transfers of landowner willingness to accept: A convergent validity and reliability test using choice experiments in two Canadian watersheds
Authors: Trenholm Ryan , Lantz Van , Haider Wolfgang , Knowler Duncan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examined the reliability and validity of transferring estimates of marginal willingness to accept and compensating surplus. In doing so, we used data from two case studies applying choice experiments to elicit landowner preferences for incentive‐based wetland conservation programs in two adjacent watersheds in Southern Ontario, Canada (Grand and Upper Thames Rivers in parallel in 2013). The choice experiment data were modeled in willingness to accept space using a generalized multinomial logit. Transfer reliability was investigated by calculating transfer errors, while validity was investigated by testing the equality of utility functions as well as by assessing the similarity of welfare estimates using traditional hypothesis tests and equivalence tests. The main findings are that transfers of willingness to accept are similar to existing transfers of willingness to pay in terms of validity and reliability. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis finds that including demographic variables in the choice model can lead to lower transfer validity though does not substantially affect reliability. Though further research is required, our results suggest that willingness to accept can be transferred as part of policy analyses.
Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing non‐cardiac surgery: A multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vellanki Priyathama , Rasouli Neda , Baldwin David , Alexanian Sara , Anzola Isabel , Urrutia Maria , Cardona Saumeth , Peng Limin , Pasquel Francisco J. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. ,   Linagliptin Inpatient Research Group
Published: November 2018

AimsThe use of incretin‐based therapy, rather than or complementary to, insulin therapy is an active area of research in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We determined the glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen in hospitalized surgical patients with T2D.Materials and MethodsThis prospective open‐label multicentre study randomized T2D patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery with admission blood glucose (BG) of 7.8 to 22.2 mmol/L who were under treatment with diet, oral agents or total insulin dose (TDD) ≤ 0.5 units/kg/day to either linagliptin (n = 128) daily or basal‐bolus (n = 122) with glargine once daily and rapid‐acting insulin before meals. Both groups received supplemental insulin for BG > 7.8 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was difference in mean daily BG between groups.ResultsMean daily BG was higher in the linagliptin group compared to the basal‐bolus group (9.5 ± 2.6 vs 8.8 ± 2.3 mmol/L/dL, P = 0.03) with a mean daily BG difference of 0.6 mmol/L (95% confidence interval 0.04, 1.2). In patients with randomization BG < 11.1 mmol/L (63% of cohort), mean daily BG was similar in the linagliptin and basal‐bolus groups (8.9 ± 2.3 vs 8.7 ± 2.3 mmol/L, P = 0.43); however, patients with BG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L who were treated with linagliptin had higher BG compared to the basal‐bolus group (10.9 ± 2.6 vs 9.2 ± 2.2 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Linagliptin resulted in fewer hypoglycaemic events (1.6% vs 11%, P = 0.001; 86% relative risk reduction), with similar supplemental insulin and fewer daily insulin injections (2.0 ± 3.3 vs 3.1 ± 3.3, P < 0.001) compared to the basal‐bolus group.ConclusionsFor patients with T2D undergoing non‐cardiac surgery who presented with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia (BG < 11.1 mmol/L), daily linagliptin is a safe and effective alternative to multi‐dose insulin therapy, resulting in similar glucose control with lower hypoglycaemia.
How chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage the tissue: Comparative biology lessons from feather and hair models
Authors: Gao QingXiang , Zhou GuiXuan , Lin Sung‐Jan , Paus Ralf , Yue ZhiCao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChemotherapy and radiotherapy are common modalities for cancer treatment. While targeting rapidly growing cancer cells, they also damage normal tissues and cause adverse effects. From the initial insult such as DNA double‐strand break, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a general stress response, there are complex regulatory mechanisms that control the actual tissue damage process. Besides apoptosis, a range of outcomes for the damaged cells are possible including cell cycle arrest, senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and inflammatory responses and fibrosis at the tissue level. Feather and hair are among the most actively proliferating (mini‐)organs and are highly susceptible to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage, thus provide excellent, experimentally tractable model systems for dissecting how normal tissues respond to such injuries. Taking a comparative biology approach to investigate this has turned out to be particularly productive. Started in chicken feather and then extended to murine hair follicles, it was revealed that in addition to p53‐mediated apoptosis, several other previously overlooked mechanisms are involved. Specifically, Shh, Wnt, mTOR, cytokine signalling and ROS‐mediated degradation of adherens junctions have been implicated in the damage and/or reparative regeneration process. Moreover, we show here that inflammatory responses, which can be prominent upon histological examination of chemo‐ or radiotherapy‐damaged hair follicle, may not be essential for the hair loss phenotype. These studies point to fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in controlling tissue responses in vivo, and suggest novel strategies for the prevention and management of adverse effects that arise from chemo‐ or radiotherapy.
Insights into the regeneration of skin from Acomys, the spiny mouse
Authors: Maden Malcolm , Brant Jason O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMembers of the Acomys genus, known as spiny mice, are unique among mammals in being perfectly capable of regenerating large areas of skin that have been removed. During this regenerative process hairs, sebaceous glands, erector pili muscles, adipocytes and the panniculus carnosus all regenerate and the dermis does not scar. We review here the processes that the epidermis and the individual components of the dermis undergo during spiny mouse regeneration as well as the molecules that have been identified as potentially important in regeneration. We then relate this to what has been proposed as playing a role in studies from the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus. Differences in the immune systems of spiny mice and laboratory mice are also highlighted as this is suggested to play a part not only in the perfect wound healing that embryos display but also in regeneration in lower vertebrates.
Integrated Hydrological Modeling of Climate Change Impacts in a Snow‐Influenced Catchment
Authors: Cochand Fabien , Therrien René , Lemieux Jean‐Michel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe potential impact of climate change on water resources has been intensively studied for different regions and climates across the world. In regions where winter processes such as snowfall and melting play a significant role, anticipated changes in temperature might significantly affect hydrological systems. To address this impact, modifications have been made to the fully integrated surface‐subsurface flow model HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to allow the simulation of snow accumulation and melting. The modified HGS model was used to assess the potential impact of climate change on surface and subsurface flow in the Saint‐Charles River catchment, Quebec (Canada) for the period 2070 to 2100. The model was first developed and calibrated to reproduce observed streamflow and hydraulic heads for current climate conditions. The calibrated model was then used with three different climate scenarios to simulate surface flow and groundwater dynamics for the 2070 to 2100 period. Winter stream discharges are predicted to increase by about 80, 120, and 150% for the three scenarios due to warmer winters, leading to more liquid precipitation and more snowmelt. Conversely, the summer stream discharges are predicted to fall by about 10, 15, and 20% due to an increase in evapotranspiration. However, the annual mean stream discharge should remain stable (±0.1 m3/s). The predicted increase in hydraulic heads in winter may reach 15 m and the maximum decrease in summer may reach 3 m. Simulations show that winter processes play a key role in the seasonal modifications anticipated for surface and subsurface flow dynamics.
Ranges and drivers of risk associated with sports and recreational activities in people with haemophilia: results of the Activity‐Intensity‐Risk Consensus Survey of US physical therapists
Authors: Hernandez Grace , Baumann Kimberly , Knight Susan , Purrington Heidi , Gilgannon Marc , Newman Jennifer , Tobase Patricia , Mathew Sheba , Cooper David L. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionLimited evidence describes physical activity‐associated bleeding risks for people with haemophilia, and risks are usually described only generically.AimTo assess activity‐specific ranges of risk for joint, soft tissue and head bleeds by identifying inherent and modifiable risk factors associated with each activity, based on opinions of expert physical therapists (PTs).MethodsPhysical therapists from US haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) participated in a survey of 101 physical activities. For each activity, PTs provided minimum/maximum risk scores (low = 1; high = 5), and indicated specific bleeding risks in six joints and three injury types (bruising, muscle bleeding, head injury). Risk drivers were identified from free‐text comments and explored at a consensus meeting, where they were categorized as inherent or modifiable and activity‐driven or patient‐driven.ResultsOf 32 invited PTs, 17 participated; median experience was 24 years as a PT and 16 years at an HTC. Only a few activities had a wide range of risk assessments encompassing both lower and upper ends of the response range. Joint injury risks were consistent with position and physical requirements, and head and muscle bleed risks were associated with physical contact. Eight PTs participated in the consensus meeting; key risk drivers identified included progression from seasonal to year‐round participation, overtraining and improper body mechanics. Inherent risks included impact with surface/ball/equipment and field/surface condition; modifiable risks included safety equipment and tricks/stunts.ConclusionsThese data provide a framework for discussion with patients/families, recognizing how certain activities may be modified to decrease risk, and identifying activities with nonmodifiable inherent risks.
Systemic alterations induced by phospholipase A2, BmooTX‐I, isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom
Authors: Costa Kellen Cristina Torres , de Sousa Bruna Barbosa , Dias Edigar Henrique Vaz , Pereira Déborah Fernanda da Cunha , Matias Mariana Santos , Oliveira Wilson Júnior , Mundim Antônio Vicente , Mamede Carla Cristine Neves , Izidoro Luíz Fernando Moreira , Costa Júnia de Oliveira , de Oliveira Fábio 
Published: November 2018

SummaryOphidic accidents are among the problems of public health in Brazil. The components from bothropic venom are responsible for many systemic clinical complications resulting from envenomation. The present work aimed to analyse the systemic changes induced in mice after intraperitoneal administration of BmooTX‐I, a myotoxic acidic phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom. Urinalysis was performed and the following plasma biochemical markers were documented: urea, creatinine and uric acid (renal function); glucose and amylase (pancreatic function); alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐GT (intra‐ and extrahepatic function); creatine kinase and enzymatic lactate (muscle function). Our results showed that after the intraperitoneal injection of BmooTX‐I the urine of these animals showed glycosuria, proteinuria, haematuria, bacteriuria, bilirubinuria, polyuria and nitrite. The plasma biochemical analysis showed alterations in levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid. Amylase concentration was not altered significantly, but the plasma glucose increased significantly compared to controls. The plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase decreased and increased, respectively, in these same animals. On the other hand, the plasma γGT concentration did not undergo significant modification compared to the control group. The plasma concentration of CK increased, while the enzymatic lactate concentration decreased after the injection of the BmooTX‐I. Therefore, in mice BmooTX‐I is capable of causing systemic alterations which manifest as renal, muscular, hepatic and pancreatic impairment.
Synthesis, optical, and magnetic properties of six‐layered Aurivillius bismuth ferrititanate
Authors: Huang Yanlin , Mi Longqing , Qin Jie , Bi Shala , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work reports on the preparation, structure, photochemical, and magnetic properties of six‐layered Aurivillius bismuth ferrititanates, that is, Bi7Ti3Fe3O21, Bi7(Ti2Nb)Fe3O21+δ, and Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticles. The samples were prepared through the modified citrate complexation and precursor film process. The XRD Rietveld refinements were conducted to study the phase formations and crystal structure. The morphological and chemical component characteristics were investigated using SEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. Bi7Ti3Fe3O21, Bi7(Ti2Nb)Fe3O21+δ, and Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticles present an indirect allowed transitions with band energies of 2.04, 2.03, and 2.02 eV, respectively. The hybridized (O2p+Fet2g+Bi6s) formed the valence band (VB) and electronic components of (Ti–3d+Fe–eg) formed the conduction band (CB) of this six‐layered Aurivillius bismuth ferrititanate. The three samples showed efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes with the excitation wavelength λ > 420 nm. The optical absorption, photodegradation, and magnetic abilities were improved through microstructural modification on “B” site via partial substitution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ for Ti4+. The photocatalytic results were discussed based on the layer structure and multivalent Fe ions. Fe3+/2+ in the perovskite slabs (Bi5Fe3Ti3O19)2− could act as the catalytic mediators in the photocatalysis process. As a photocatalyst, Aurivillius Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticle is advantageous due to its photocatalytic and magnetically recoverable abilities.