bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,2,5‐Triphenylpyrrole Derivatives with Dual Intense Photoluminescence in Both Solution and the Solid State: Solvatochromism and Polymorphic Luminescence Properties
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Lei Yunxiang , Dong Lichao , Zhang Longlong , Zhi Junge , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Dong Yuping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFive organic luminophores, 1,2,5‐triphenylpyrrole (TPP) derivatives 3 a–e bearing electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups, have been synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling of 1‐phenyl‐2,5‐di(4′‐bromophenyl)pyrrole and para‐substituted phenylboronic acid derivatives. They possess good thermal stabilities with high decomposition temperatures above 310 °C. Investigation of the photophysical properties of the luminogens 3 a–e indicated that they exhibited dual intense photoluminescence in both solution and the solid state due to their twisted conformations, and their fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) were determined as 68.7–94.9 % in THF solution and 19.1–52.0 % in solid powder form. Compounds 3 a–c bearing electron‐accepting groups exhibited remarkable solvatochromism with large Stokes shifts, attributable to their D‐π‐A structure and intramolecular charge‐transfer effect. In particular, 3 a, bearing aldehyde groups, displayed an obvious red‐shift of the emission band from 445 to 564 nm with increasing solvent polarity. However, no obvious solvatochromic behavior was observed for compounds 3 d,e bearing electron‐donating groups. The luminophore 3 a exhibited polymorphic luminescence properties and crystallization‐induced emission enhancement.
Carbon Dot Nanozymes: How to Be Close to Natural Enzymes
Authors: Lv Yang , Ma Mingrou , Huang Yucheng , Xia Yunsheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe design, catalytic process, and property study of nanozymes are of importance for both fundamental research and application demand. Here, the peroxidase‐mimicking properties of a series of carbon dots (C‐dots) was systematically investigated and they were found to be probably closer to their natural counterparts, as compared to the known corresponding nanozymes. Firstly, four kinds of metal‐free and surface‐modulated C‐dots were bottom‐up fabricated using glucose, α‐cyclodextrin (CD), β‐CD, and γ‐CD as precursors, respectively, and their formation processes, structures, as well as surface chemistry were investigated. Secondly, in the peroxidase‐mimicking catalytic system, no hydroxyl radicals were produced, which indicates a different and special catalytic mode. By employing a joint experimental–theoretical study, a probable catalytic mechanism is proposed. Thirdly, the present C‐dots maintained well their catalytic activity even in complicated serum matrices because their catalytic performances are completely irrelevant of any cation‐related binding sites. Finally, the catalytic performances of the as‐prepared C‐dots were modulated by either pre‐engineering NP surface structures or subsequently introducing photo‐regulated host–guest reactions.
Convergent Total Synthesis of Asimicin via Decarbonylative Radical Dimerization
Authors: Kawamata Takahiro , Yamaguchi Akinori , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAsimicin (1) exhibits potent antitumor activity and comprises a central C2‐symmetric bis‐tetrahydrofuran and two aliphatic side‐chains, one of which terminates with (S)‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone. This work reports a convergent total synthesis of 1 in 17 steps from d‐gulose derivative 4. Decarbonylative radical‐radial homo‐coupling of α‐alkoxyacyl telluride 12 a efficiently produced the C2‐symmetric core 3‐SS, which was transformed into 1 through stepwise attachment of the two side‐chains and functional group manipulations.
Effects of platinum and palladium nanocolloid on macrophage polarization in relevance to repigmentation of vitiligo
Authors: Minamiyama Yukiko , Ishikawa Mami , Shibata Takakazu , Tsuji Gaku , Nishikata Takahito , Takemura Shigekazu , Ichihashi Masamitsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundElevated oxidative stress is accepted to be the initial event in vitiligo leading to the final pathological regulation of immune systems known as autoimmune reaction, which destroys melanin‐forming cells, melanocytes. Recently, we reported an efficient topical use of PAPLAL, nanocolloid of platinum and palladium, having intense catalase‐like activity to vitiligo patients. In addition, we found that PAPLAL has dual effects on the AhR and Nrf‐2 pathways in keratinocytes, and suggested its contribution to the recovery of immune state in vitiligo. The precise mechanism developing autoimmune reaction in vitiligo, however, remains to be clarified. It is important to clarify what kinds of cells play an essential role in the development of vitiligo.ObjectiveTo further understand the effective mechanisms of PAPLAL on immunity of skin, and to confirm a role of autoimmunity in vitiligo development, we studied the effect of PAPLAL on macrophage polarization and its activities which are recognized to play a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory reactions in many organs.MethodsRat and human macrophages were cultured and stimulated in vitro with both LPS and IFN‐γ for M1 polarization and IL‐4 and IL‐13 for M2 polarization with or without PAPLAL. Expression of typical M1 and M2 markers was determined at mRNA and protein levels.ResultsSimultaneous treatment with PAPLAL suppressed remarkably the production of M1 markers, iNOS, and TNF‐α; further, PAPLAL also suppressed M2 markers, mannose receptor (Man R), Chitinase 3‐like 3 (YM‐1), and iron regulatory protein‐1 (IRP‐1), at mRNA and protein levels, but less effectively compared to those of M1. PAPLAL, however, did not suppress phagocytic activity of M0, M1, and M2 cells.ConclusionThese results indicate that macrophages may be involved in the therapeutic potential of PAPAL by altering immunological environment disturbed in skin, with the delicate shift of the M1‐M2 polarization, but without affecting on phagocytic activity.
Preparation of fouling‐resistant and self‐cleaning PVDF membrane via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for emulsified oil/water separation
Authors: Pourziad Sakineh , Omidkhah Mohammad Reza , Abdollahi Mahdi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research describes the modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes by grafting poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) using surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) in order to detach adhered foulants during oily water filtration. The preparation of self‐cleaning ultrafiltration membranes for oily water treatment has not received much attention in the literature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, and water contact angle were used to characterize the structure of membranes. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy verified the grafting of PNIPAAm from the membrane surface. Membrane performance was investigated by water flux measurement using deionized water and synthetic oily water. The water flux was obviously higher than that of commercial PVDF membrane at different temperatures. Moreover, PNIPAAm concentration and polymerization time were used to optimize the performance of the grafted membranes. N‐isopropyl acrylamide at a concentration of 1.33 mol/L and 30 h reaction time were found as the best condition for ATRP process in this study. The irreversible fouling ratio was only 4.46 % and the maximum of flux recovery ratio was 95.53 % (after cold water rinse), which was obtained for the modified membrane at the best condition. These results show that modified membranes have excellent antifouling property. Grafted membranes also exhibited good oil rejection (95.2 %). Therefore, these easily cleanable membranes could be used to effectively separate emulsified oils from water at different temperatures.
Color of the façades of historic buildings from the turn of 19th and 20th centuries in northeast Poland
Authors: Doleżyńska‐Sewerniak Ewa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe article presents the outcome of the research on the façades and woodwork of historic buildings in northeast Poland, carried out by the author in the years 2007‐2018. The need to take such action was justified by intense renovation and construction activity, which contributes to the disposition of historic finishing coats of plaster as well as dilapidated historic windows and doors, at the same time leading to the loss of the original character and the historic value of buildings. The research conducted not only documents the original paint color and plasterwork, but allows for the observation of the dominant trends in architecture coloring at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries in Olsztyn and small towns of warmia‐masuria province. The outcome of the research may help with the restoration and reproduction of the façade polychromy of historic buildings erected at that time.
Sequential, Ultrafast Energy Transfer and Electron Transfer in a Fused Zinc Phthalocyanine‐free‐base Porphyrin‐C60 Supramolecular Triad
Authors: Seetharaman Sairaman , Follana‐Berná Jorge , Martín‐Gomis Luis , Charalambidis Georgios , Trapali Adelais , Karr Paul A. , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , D'Souza Francis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA supramolecular triad composed of a fused zinc phthalocyanine‐free‐base porphyrin dyad (ZnPc‐H2P) coordinated to phenylimidazole functionalized C60 via metal‐ligand axial coordination was assembled, as a photosynthetic antenna‐reaction centre mimic. The process of self‐assembly resulting into the formation of C60Im:ZnPc‐H2P supramolecular triad was probed by proton NMR, UV‐Visible and fluorescence experiments at ambient temperature. The geometry and electronic structures were deduced from DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(dp) level. Electrochemical studies revealed ZnPc to be a better electron donor compared to H2P, and C60 to be the terminal electron acceptor. Fluorescence studies of the ZnPc‐H2P dyad revealed excitation energy transfer from 1H2P* to ZnPc within the fused dyad and was confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption studies. Similar to that reported earlier for the fused ZnPc‐ZnP dyad, the energy transfer rate constant, kENT was in the order of 1012 s−1 in the ZnPc‐H2P dyad indicating an efficient process as a consequence of direct fusion of the two π‐systems. In the presence of C60Im bound to ZnPc, photoinduced electron transfer leading to H2P‐ZnPc.+:ImC60.− charge separated state was observed either by selective excitation of ZnPc or H2P. The latter excitation involved an energy transfer followed by electron transfer mechanism. Nanosecond transient absorption studies revealed that the lifetime of charge separated state persists for about 120 ns indicating charge stabilization in the triad.
FACS‐Mediated Isolation of Neuronal Cell Populations From Virus‐Infected Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Cerebral Organoid Cultures
Authors: Janssens Sylvie , Schotsaert Michael , Manganaro Lara , Dejosez Marion , Simon Viviana , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Zwaka Thomas P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrganoids—or pluripotent stem cell–derived in vitro‐grown simplified mini organs—have become a tremendously important model to study human organ development and disease. To restrict the noise inherent to the heterogeneous cell mixtures derived from organoid cultures, we developed a new technique of fluorescence‐assisted cell sorting (FACS) of virus‐infected cerebral organoid cultures. This method still includes the advantage of growing cells in a more natural environment than traditional cell culture, but now renders samples suitable for downstream cell type‐specific multi‐omics analyses. The protocol starts from stem cell‐derived mature brain organoids and includes steps for: preparing the culture for viral infection, production of the viral stocks, FACS sample preparation, and gating and sorting implementation. The protocol has been developed for Zika virus infection, but can be extrapolated to other viruses or fluorescent marker expression as illustrated in an alternate protocol using a single‐cycle lentivirus expressing a fluorescent reporter protein. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficacy of chlorine dioxide mouthwash in reducing oral malodor: A 2‐week randomized, double‐blind, crossover study
Authors: Pham Thuy Anh Vu , Nguyen Ngoc Thi Xuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this clinical trial was to assess the inhibitory effects of a mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 used for 2 weeks on oral malodor, periodontal and salivary parameters, tongue coating, and Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria in saliva. Thirty‐nine subjects with oral malodor were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first stage, one group was instructed to rinse with the experimental mouthwash (containing 0.1% ClO2), whereas the other group was instructed to rinse with the control mouthwash (sodium chloride 0.9%) for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of washing out, in the second stage, each group then used the other mouthwash for 2 weeks. Oral malodor, periodontal status, tongue coating, salivary pH and flow rate, and the amounts of the salivary bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Solobacterium moorei, Streptococcus salivarius, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were evaluated at baseline and after 2 weeks of mouthwash use. After 12 hr and after 2 weeks, organoleptic scores and the levels of H2S and CH3SH were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. After 2 weeks, the experimental mouthwash appeared significantly effective in reducing plaque index, tongue‐coating score, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in the whole saliva, compared with those at baseline. Mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 is effective in reducing oral malodor, dental plaque, tongue‐coating accumulation, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in saliva.
Determination of Reference Values of MDR‐ABC Transporter Activities in CD3+ Lymphocytes of Healthy Volunteers Using a Flow Cytometry Based Method
Authors: Szerémy Péter , Tauberné Jakab Katalin , Baráth Sándor , Apjok András , Filkor Kata , Holló Zsolt , Márki‐Zay János , Kappelmayer János , Sipka Sándor , Krajcsi Péter , Toldi Gergely 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMDR transporters are important biomarkers of drug resistance in cancer and in autoimmune conditions. We determined the MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP activity in CD3+ lymphocytes using a flow cytometry based method from 120 healthy volunteers in order to describe normal reference values of the activity of these transporters. The effects of gender and age were also determined.MethodsThe Solvo MDQ Kit™ was used for measurements. In this assay, fluorescent reporter substrates (Calcein‐AM for MDR1 and MRP1 and mitoxantrone for BCRP, respectively) are trapped in the cytoplasm and pumped out by MDR proteins depending on the presence or absence of specific inhibitors (verapamil for MDR1 and MRP1, indomethacin for MRP1 and KO134 for BCRP, respectively), allowing for quantitative, standardized assessment. Cell surface staining was applied to select CD3+ cells.ResultsMAF values of MRP1 and BCRP are independent from age. MAFC and MAF of MDR1 show negative correlation with the age of the studied subjects (P = 0.003, r = −0.27 and P = 0.0001, r = −0.34, respectively). No difference was detected in any of the four MAF values between men and women. Gender does not affect the presence or lack of correlation between MAF values and age.ConclusionsThe determination of the functional activity of MDR‐ABC transporters is achievable using a flow cytometry based standardized method. Having established the normal range of MAF values on CD3+ lymphocytes of a healthy population, our results allow for the development of novel flow cytometry based diagnostic tools. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Death within 30 days of fine needle aspiration: Post‐mortem confirmation of FNA diagnoses and the contribution of FNA to patient mortality
Authors: Priemer David S. , Berry William A. , Hawley Dean A. , Cramer Harvey M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnoses are usually confirmed via surgical pathology or via evaluation of clinical outcomes. However, such confirmation may not occur for patients who die shortly after FNA, and autopsy may be a useful quality assessment tool in these cases. Also, there is little data investigating the relationship between FNA and mortality. We sought to demonstrate the autopsy as a quality assessment tool for the FNA and assess the contribution of FNA to mortality in patients who die soon after the procedure.MethodsA search of our database was performed from 1992 to 2016 for patients who were autopsied after dying within 30 d of an FNA. Concordance between findings from FNA, autopsy, and any intervening surgical pathology material was determined. Finally, a subjective determination of the likelihood that FNAs contributed to deaths was made by reviewing autopsy reports. The contribution was categorised as either “unlikely”, “possible”, or “probable”.ResultsFifty‐eight patients (average age = 58 y) met the search criteria. Thirty‐six (62%) patients had malignancies. Surgical pathology material was obtained concurrently or following FNA in 20 cases (34%). There was 73% concordance between FNA and autopsy findings, which compares to 80% concordance between FNA and surgical pathology diagnoses. The FNA was determined to be at least possibly contributory to death in 7/58 cases (3 cases designated as “probable,” and 4 as “possible”).ConclusionAutopsy can be used to validate FNA diagnoses and, like surgical pathology, confirms that FNA diagnoses are mostly accurate. However, in a small number of patients, FNA can precipitate death.
Metastatic melanoma of the uterine cervix diagnosed on cervical Pap smear: Case report and literature review
Authors: Shachner Tracy R. , Van Meter Stuart E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetastatic cancer involving the uterine cervix is exceedingly rare, and accounts for less than 1% of cancer deaths. The cervix is an uncommon location for metastatic lesions due to its limited blood supply and fibrous stroma and metastatic melanoma of the cervix is particularly infrequent. To the best of our knowledge and literature review, there have only been nine reported cases in the literature of metastatic melanoma involving the uterine cervix that were diagnosed via cervicovaginal Pap smears, including the case being reported in this paper. Diagnosing metastatic melanoma on cervicovaginal cytology specimens is challenging, not only because of its rarity, but also because of the inherent ability of melanoma to take on many different cytomorphologic appearances. In such cases, the differential diagnosis may include a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, atypical glandular cells, adenocarcinoma and other poorly differentiated malignancies. We report a case of malignant melanoma to the cervix diagnosed by a routine cervical Pap smear in a young woman who was diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma 3 years prior. Because of the diagnosis rendered on her cervical Pap smear, she was subsequently found to have widespread metastatic disease. Although the cervical Pap smear is primarily intended to screen for squamous intraepithelial lesions, a high index of suspicion must be maintained for other less common entities, particularly when there is no evidence of a squamous intraepithelial lesion.
Effect of Chlorophyll on Lipid Oxidation of Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Li Xue , Yang Ruinan , Lv Chunling , Chen Lin , Zhang Liangxiao , Ding Xiaoxia , Zhang Wen , Zhang Qi , Hu Chundi , Li Peiwu 
Published: October 2018

The residues of chlorophyll induce oxidative rancidity and deterioration through photo‐oxidation. However, the effect of chlorophyll on the quality of rapeseed oil is still unknown. In this study, chlorophyll is added into rapeseed oil to reach the desired treatment levels of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg−1, while no chlorophyll is added in the control sample. Dynamic changes of the peroxide value of rapeseed oils with different chlorophyll contents exposed to light and stored in the dark at different times (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 days) are investigated. The results show that the peroxide value of rapeseed oil exposed to light increased significantly, especially for the oil with a high content of chlorophyll. In contrast, the peroxide value of rapeseed oil stored in the dark is nearly unchanged no matter whether extra chlorophyll is added. This study shows that chlorophyll in rapeseed oil can trigger oil oxidation, and therefore it is necessary to take measures to reduce the chlorophyll content in rapeseed oil or store rapeseed oil in the dark as soon as possible.Practical Applications: This study shows that chlorophyll in rapeseed oil can trigger oil oxidation, and therefore it is necessary to take measures to reduce the chlorophyll content in rapeseed oil.In this study, dynamic changes of peroxide values of rapeseed oils with different chlorophyll contents exposed to light and stored in the dark at different times are investigated. The results show that the peroxide value of rapeseed oil exposed to light increases significantly, especially for the rapeseed oil with a high content of chlorophyll. In conclusion, chlorophyll in rapeseed oil can trigger oil oxidation.Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the chlorophyll content in rapeseed oil or store rapeseed oil in the dark as soon as possible.
On the importance of time scales when studying adaptive evolution
Authors: Perrier Charles , Charmantier Anne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLong-term field studies coupled with quantitative genomics offer a powerful means to understand the genetic bases underlying quantitative traits and their evolutionary changes. However, analyzing and interpreting the time scales at which adaptive evolution occurs is challenging. First, while evolution is predictable in the short term, with strikingly rapid phenotypic changes in data series, it remains unpredictable in the long term. Second, while the temporal dynamics of some loci with large effects on phenotypic variation and fitness have been characterized, this task can be complicated in cases of highly polygenic trait architecture implicating numerous small effect size loci, or when statistical tests are sensitive to the heterogeneity of some key characteristics of the genome, like variation in recombination rate along the chromosomes. After introducing these aforementioned challenges, we discuss a recent investigation of the genomic architecture and spatio-temporal variation in great tit bill length, which was related to the recent use of bird feeders. We discuss how this case study illustrates the importance of considering different temporal scales and evolutionary mechanisms both while analyzing trait temporal trends and when searching for and interpreting the signals of putative genomic footprints of selection. More generally this commentary discusses interesting challenges for unraveling the time scale at which adaptive traits evolve and their genomic bases.