bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasoseptal Flap Reuse for Reconstruction in Revision Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Grafmiller Kevin T. , Kosaraju Nikitha , Miller Jessa E. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Lee Jivianne K. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is the “workhorse” for reconstruction in endoscopic skull base surgery. It creates a reliable, watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The flap's robust vascular pedicle allows for it to be taken down and reused in subsequent reconstructive surgeries if needed. Previous literature has demonstrated successful reuse of the flap up to 24 months after initial surgery. The present study analyzes a cohort of patients with NSFs that were reused up to 12 years following the initial surgery.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery for recurrent tumor at a tertiary academic skull base center. Patient demographics, tumor type, length of time between first and second surgery, and outcomes were evaluated.
Results A total of 15 patients were identified between 2012 and 2022 who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery with previous NSFs that were reused for reconstruction. The time interval between surgeries ranged from 9 months to 12 years. There were 12 pituitary adenomas, 2 Rathke's cleft cysts, and 1 craniopharyngioma. One patient developed a CSF leak 5 days postoperatively, which was repaired with an abdominal fat graft, synthetic dural substitute, and a middle turbinate flap. The operative technique for the take-down and reuse of the NSF will be demonstrated.
Conclusion The NSF can be taken down and reused in revision endoscopic skull base cases, even several years after the initial surgery, with excellent coverage of the defect and low incidence of postoperative CSF leak.
Superior forecasting with simple AR(1) models in a low-volatility environment: evidence from the CAT bond market
Authors: Gürtler Marc , Witowski Eileen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the recent literature on asset pricing, advanced machine learning methods often show better predictive quality than simple linear regression models. In this context, machine learning prediction models for bond premiums are usually based on those predictors that have proved to be particularly relevant in explanatory models. However, these models do not take into account that historical premiums of assets with particularly low premium volatilities already contain a high degree of information about future premiums. With this in mind, we consider catastrophe bonds, whose secondary market premiums exhibit low volatility, and include historical premiums in our forecasting models in addition to the usual predictors. In this way, the predictive accuracy of the linear regression is significantly increased and is comparable to that of advanced machine learning methods. Remarkably, a simple linear AR(1) model without additional predictors achieves the highest predictive performance.
Before the fire: predicting burn severity and potential post-fire debris-flow hazards to conservation populations of the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
Authors: Wells Adam G. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kostelnik Jaime , Bock Andy , Zuellig Robert E. , Carlisle Daren M. , Roberts James J. , Rogers Kevin B. , Munson Seth M. 
Published: November 2024

Background Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) conservation populations may be at risk from wildfire and post-fire debris flows hazards. Aim To predict burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow hazard classifications to CRCT conservation populations before wildfires occur. Methods We used remote sensing, spatial analyses, and machine learning to model 28 wildfire incidents (2016–2020) and spatially predict burn severity from pre-wildfire environmental factors to evaluate the likelihood (%) and volume (m3) hazard classification of post-fire debris flow. Key results Burn severity was best predicted by fuels, followed by topography, physical ecosystem conditions, and weather (mean adjusted R2 = 0.54). Predictions of high or moderate burn severity covered 1.1 (15% of study area) and 1.5 (19% of study area) million ha, respectively, and varied by watershed. Combined high or moderate debris flow hazard classification included 80% of stream reaches with conservation populations and 97% of conservation population point nodes. Conclusions Predicted burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow indicated moderate to high hazard for CRCT conservation populations native to the Green and Yampa rivers of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Implications Future management actions can incorporate predicted burn severity and potential post-fire debris flow to mitigate impacts to CRCT and other at-risk resource values before a wildfire occurs.
Signs of prehistoric language shifts involving Unangam Tunuu (Aleut)
Authors: Berge Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unangam Tunuu (UT) underwent several periods of prehistoric contact with neighbouring languages. However,
no specific period or mechanism of contact between the Unangan and other peoples has been proposed. In this paper, my aim is
to better define and date the various types of language contact and/or shift that UT appears to have undergone since its
divergence from Proto-Eskaleut, including linguistic and archaeological evidence for (a) early lexical replacement, (b)
language bilingualism between Na-Dene and UT, leading to shared grammatical features, and (c) late Alutiiq influence on UT and
the possible replacement of UT in currently Alutiiq areas.
Solving Galton’s problem
Authors: Bromham Lindell 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparisons between languages can illuminate processes of language change by revealing meaningful
associations between language features or the influence of external factors on the patterns and rates of language change. But
comparisons between languages raise statistical challenges, because close relatives will tend to be more similar to each
other, compared with more distantly related languages, and languages from the same areas will be subject to many of the same
influences. Therefore, observations made on different languages will usually fail to meet the requirement of statistical
independence inherent in standard statistical testing. This fundamental challenge of cross-cultural analysis, known as
Galton’s problem, is no cause for despair because there are a range of workable solutions using widely available data. This
paper discusses a range of practical solutions, including phylogenetic analysis, sister pair comparisons, and spatially
structured models, that can be applied to analyses of language variation and change.
Re-examining initial geminates
Authors: Burroni Francesco , Maspong Sireemas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a typology of the diachronic pathways leading to the emergence of Initial Geminates (IGs). We
show that synchronic phonological properties of IGs, especially their moraic status, may be tied to the diachronic trajectory
that leads to their emergence. This is expected if we follow an evolutionary approach to phonology, Evolutionary Phonology
(EP). We further discuss potential alternatives and limitations to this scenario and introduce a series of testable
predictions for future instrumental work on the topic. We complete our discussion with two cases studies of Pattani Malay and
Salentino, the latter based on an original acoustic pilot study. We argue that these two languages show that lexical
competition alone is not enough to predict the IGs’ resistance to merger contra previous accounts proposed in
the framework of EP. We suggest that lexical competition needs to be better quantified and that other factors need to be taken
into account if we are to understand the multifaceted synchronic realisation and evolution of IGs.
Iconicity principles from an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Gaeta Livio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Much discussion has been devoted to the role of iconic coding, especially with regards to its relevance for
explaining morphological change over other synchronic factors such as economy, frequency, and the like. In this chapter, I
will reverse the perspective and focus on diachrony as a source of the rise of iconic coding. This is not meant to deny the
relevance of the synchronic perspective, but the stress on diachrony may help us understand that a number of phenomena can be
structurally accounted for, i.e., these phenomena are the way they are, because of their origin from earlier structural
environments.
Something out of nothing
Authors: Joseph Brian D. , Ralli Angela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper challenges predictions made within the grammaticalisation framework about what can happen to
grammatical material over time. We present two case studies — one from Greek and one from Sanskrit — which demonstrate that
claims regarding the origin of grammatical material are too narrow, and that a broader view needs to be taken. We argue that
(i) grammatical material can originate in ways other than the downgrading of lexical items; (ii) grammatical change does not
unidirectionally move “down” the cline from less tightly bound to more tightly bound; movement “up” the cline is possible too;
and (iii) if we focus just on one type of movement involving grammatical material — from less to more dependent — we can miss
interesting types of grammatical change.
Gramática y pronunciación
Authors: Gracia Antonio Orta 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
En este capítulo analizamos el valor marcadamente significativo que comparten la gramática y la
pronunciación de manera integrada, atendiendo a su relevancia comunicativa y a su importancia como objetivos de
aprendizaje. Si bien es necesario aislar ambas partes en una primera fase de análisis para conocer sus propiedades
internas, en el discurso oral se dan de manera indisolublemente integrada. Exploramos estos caminos bajo la
perspectiva de la teoría de la complejidad y la reflexión de la propia experiencia docente. Para ello, mostramos
ejemplos de buenas prácticas docentes que se centran en la enseñanza de aspectos gramaticales atendiendo al componente
prosódico para descubrir los verdaderos significados prototípicos. El capítulo concluye señalando la necesidad de
favorecer nuevas líneas de investigación que inciden en la conformación de una fonética cognitiva.
Developing pragmatics in Spanish as an additional language
Authors: Baills Florence , Esteve-Gibert Núria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter delves into the crucial role of pronunciation, particularly prosody, in shaping
meaning and fostering the development of pragmatics in Spanish as an additional language (ELE). Effective
communication not only relies on the literal content of verbal messages, but it also heavily depends on the
appropriate use of oral and non-verbal cues that enrich it. We first explain how speakers employ multimodal strategies
such as speech prosody and body movements to optimise their oral discourse and successfully convey their communicative
intentions. Then we propose to focus on the integration of speech prosody and body movements into pronunciation
instruction and provide illustrations of how to achieve this when teaching speech acts, discourse and information
structure in ELE.
De la comprensión auditiva a la pronunciación
Authors: Marrero-Aguiar Victoria 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
En este capítulo nos ocupamos tanto del papel de la enseñanza / aprendizaje de la pronunciación a
partir de la comprensión auditiva como de la percepción multimodal. Tras el esbozo de unas bases conceptuales sobre la
comprensión auditiva y el procesamiento del habla, presentamos brevemente los principales modelos teóricos y los cinco
principios de investigación basada en la evidencia que, en nuestra opinión, sustentan un buen diseño curricular de la
pronunciación. Finalizamos con una propuesta práctica, ejemplificada en los contrastes de las consonantes líquidas en
español, que parte de la percepción: actividades contextualizadas, rentables, significativas y lúdicas, en progresión
de lo simple a lo complejo, de lo general a lo particular, teniendo en cuenta el carácter multimodal del habla y su
dimensión corporeizada.
El desarrollo de la competencia prosódica en el marco de tareas de mediación lingüística
Authors: Sánchez Cuadrado Adolfo 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
La mediación, como modo de comunicación y actividad comunicativa de la lengua, puede resultar útil
para el desarrollo del control fonológico y, en particular, de la entonación. Habida cuenta de la escasa conciencia
metalingüística que los hablantes con una competencia en desarrollo suelen poseer sobre la entonación, esta puede ser
origen de numerosos malentendidos o problemas de comunicación. El entrenamiento de los aprendientes en tareas de
mediación que tengan por objeto facilitar la comprensión mutua en la construcción conjunta de conocimiento y minimizar
el impacto socioafectivo de los enunciados puede ayudar a dominar los sutiles resortes implicados en este rasgo
prosódico. En relación con estos presupuestos, se plantean aquí algunos criterios pedagógicos relativos tanto a la
realización de tareas de aprendizaje como al desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación en escenarios de mediación
aplicados al aprendizaje de español como lengua adicional y, en concreto, de la entonación como recurso significante
en la realización de determinados actos de habla mediante esquemas oracionales interrogativos.
La enseñanza de la pronunciación basada en el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica y la metacognición
Authors: Blanco Canales Ana 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
Este capítulo aborda la enseñanza de la pronunciación vinculada al desarrollo de la conciencia
fonológica, propuesta que implica un aprendizaje focalizado y consciente. El enfoque de las estrategias de aprendizaje
ofrece el marco didáctico adecuado para hacerlo posible. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar a los docentes algunas
directrices teóricas, metodológicas y aplicadas con las que puedan diseñar propuestas para entrenar a los/las
aprendices en la reflexión e indagación fónicas. En la primera parte, planteamos cómo contribuye la conciencia
fonológica a la mejora de la pronunciación. A continuación, nos centramos en la conceptualización, clasificación y
desarrollo didáctico de las estrategias de aprendizaje, lo que da paso al apartado de propuestas y sugerencias para el
aula. Finalizamos con una reflexión sobre posibles líneas de investigación.
Hacia una evaluación comunicativa y eficaz de la pronunciación del español
Authors: Santamaría Busto Enrique 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza cuestiones fundamentales relacionadas con la evaluación de la
pronunciación de una lengua adicional (L2) en los contextos de enseñanza. Con este fin, en la primera parte el
capítulo introduce un análisis sobre las principales perspectivas (inteligibilidad, comprensibilidad y acento
extranjero) desde las que se puede abordar la evaluación de la pronunciación, revisa algunos factores no lingüísticos
que pueden afectar las evaluaciones de estas dimensiones y trata las implicaciones que los resultados de las
investigaciones tienen para el aula. En la segunda parte, se ofrece una guía de actuación con recursos prácticos y
recomendaciones para que el profesorado de español pueda realizar una evaluación eficaz de la pronunciación. Finalmente,
el capítulo concluye con una reflexión sobre futuras líneas de investigación.
Pronunciation anxiety in Spanish online learning
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to investigate the causes of speaking anxiety linked to pronunciation,
pronunciation learning strategies, and coping tactics in online and distance language learning. To explore these
topics, we conducted a study with mixed methods research design including quantitative and qualitative data gathered
from self-reflective questionnaires and in-depth group interviews from students of Spanish as an additional language.
Results reveal that pronunciation anxiety is rarely the main source of foreign language speaking anxiety, but it is a
frequent source of embarrassment. The apprehension coupled with low perceived pronunciation skills, in many cases,
impedes participation in oral practice as well as real-time and asynchronous interactions thus creating a negative
loop. Based on these findings, recommendations are offered on how to manage anxiety to enhance pronunciation
attainment and oral practice in a virtual learning environment.
On the definition of the spin charge in asymptotically-flat spacetimes
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Faroogh Moosavian Seyed , Pranzetti Daniele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a solution to a classic problem in gravitational physics consisting of defining the spin associated with asymptotically-flat spacetimes. We advocate that the correct asymptotic symmetry algebra to approach this problem is the generalized–BMS algebra

gbms

instead of the BMS algebra used hitherto in the literature for which a notion of spin is generically unavailable. We approach the problem of defining the spin charges from the perspective of coadjoint orbits of

gbms

and construct the complete set of Casimir invariants that determine

gbms

coadjoint orbits, using the notion of vorticity for

gbms

. This allows us to introduce spin charges for

gbms

as the generators of area-preserving diffeomorphisms forming its isotropy subalgebra. To elucidate the parallelism between our analysis and the Poincaré case, we clarify several features of the Poincaré embedding in

gbms

and reveal the presence of condensate fields associated with the symmetry breaking from

gbms

to Poincaré. We also introduce the notion of a rest frame available only for this extended algebra. This allows us to construct, from the spin generator, the gravitational analog of the Pauli–Lubański pseudo-vector. Finally, we obtain the

gbms

moment map, which we use to construct the gravitational spin charges and gravitational Casimirs from their dual algebra counterparts.
Schouten–Codazzi gravity
Authors: Sussman Roberto A , Nájera Sebastián 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a new phenomenological second order gravity theory to be denoted as ‘Schouten–Codazzi’ Gravity’ (SCG), as it is based on Schouten and Codazzi tensors. The theory is related, but is clearly distinct from Cotton gravity. By assuming as source the energy momentum of General Relativity, we form a second order system with its geometric sector given by the sum of the Schouten tensor and a generic second order symmetric tensor complying with the following properties: (i) it must satisfy the Codazzi differential condition and (ii) it must be concomitant with the invariant characterization based on the algebraic structure of curvature tensors for specific spacetimes or classes of spacetimes. We derive and briefly discuss the properties of SCG solutions for static spherical symmetry (vacuum and perfect fluid), FLRW models and spherical dust fluids. While we do recognize that SCG is ‘work in progress’ in an incipient stage that still requires significant theoretical development, we believe that the theory provides valuable guidelines in the search for alternatives to General Relativity.
Charged pions asymmetry due to interference from the decay of light neutral axial mesons
Authors: Braghin Fabio L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Effective three meson couplings, based in flavor U(3) quark–antiquark interactions, are considered to describe two light neutral axial meson strong decays, A ∼ f
1(1285) and f
1S
(1420), and the charged rho meson decay in the following channels: A → ρ
∓(770) + π
±,

A
→

a

0

∓

(
980
)
+

π

±

and ρ
± → π
±
π
0. By considering neutral meson mixings, such as

f

1

(
1285
)
−

a

1

0

(
1260
)

,

f

1
S

(
1420
)
−

a

1

0

(
1260
)

and η − π
0 for the channels investigated, the leading three-meson interactions may lead to decay amplitudes that undergo interference and a resulting ratio of decay rate into charged pions,

Γ

π

+

/

Γ

π

−

, slightly smaller than one. For that it will be assumed that the produced charged vector mesons or charged scalar mesons undergo absorption, decay into channels without charged pions, or any other inelastic process that may suppress their decays into charged pions.
Challenges in the extraction of physics beyond the Standard Model from electron scattering
Authors: Wang Xuan-Gong , Thomas A W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Precise measurements of electron and positron scattering, including parity violation, offer great promise in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this context it is crucial to understand the corrections which might arise from charge symmetry violation, as well as the less well known strange and charm quark distributions. Our analysis, using state of the art parton distributions, suggests that these contributions lead to corrections in the extraction of the weak couplings

g

A
V

e
q

and

g

V
A

e
q

of the order (1−2)%, while they are as large as 4% for

g

A
A

e
q

, at a typical scale of Q
2 = 10 GeV2. These results underline the importance of carrying out high precision measurements, which will not only provide information on physics beyond the SM but also reduce the current uncertainties on our knowledge of the strange and charm quark distributions in the proton.
STA-net: a deblurring network combined with spatiotemporal information for zinc froth flotation
Authors: Lv Tie , Tang Zhaohui , Gao Xiaoliang , Xie Yongfang , Wu Xinru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The clarification of blurry frames in froth flotation videos is crucial for the identification and fault diagnosis of zinc flotation conditions. Irregular motion blur represents the primary blur phenomenon in froth flotation videos. Existing methods for motion blur removal have not effectively integrated spatio-temporal information, overlooking the utilization of clear frames, thus failing to achieve satisfactory results in the removal of froth flotation video blur frames. Therefore, this paper proposes a Spatio Temporal Awareness network (STA-net) capable of utilizing the temporal and spatial information from consecutive frames to naturally reconstruct froth images with clarity. This network consists of two sub-networks: the Temporal network (T-net) and the Spatio network (S-net). T-net extracts dynamic information between adjacent clear frames and blurry frames, while S-net captures spatial information within frames and enhances spatial texture details for the coarse images reconstructed based on the temporal information extracted by T-net in a layer-by-layer manner. Additionally, considering that blurry image datasets from actual froth flotation processes often lack corresponding clear images as training labels for the network, a method based on probability density functions for generating blurry froth image datasets based clear images is proposed. This method extracts motion vectors from froth images to create blurry froth images that closely resemble the actual blurry conditions of froth images. The deblurring performance of STA-net has been validated in practical froth flotation processes.