bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent evolution of body color between sympatric freshwater fishes via different visual sensory evolution
Authors: Montenegro Javier , Mochida Koji , Matsui Kumi , Mokodongan Daniel F. , Sumarto Bayu K. A. , Lawelle Sjamsu A. , Nofrianto Andy B. , Hadiaty Renny K. , Masengi Kawilarang W. A. , Yong Lengxob , Inomata Nobuyuki , Irie Takahiro , Hashiguchi Yasuyuki , Terai Yohey , Kitano Jun , Yamahira Kazunori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough there are many examples of color evolution potentially driven by sensory drive, only few studies have examined whether distinct species inhabiting the same environments evolve similar body colors via shared sensory mechanisms. In this study, we tested whether two sympatric freshwater fish taxa, halfbeaks of the genusNomorhamphusand ricefishes of the genusOryziasin Sulawesi Island, converge in both body color and visual sensitivity. After reconstructing the phylogeny separately forNomorhamphusandOryziasusing transcriptome‐wide sequences, we demonstrated positive correlations of body redness between these two taxa across environments, even after phylogenetic corrections, which support convergent evolution. However, substantial differences were observed in the expression profiles of opsin genes in the eyes betweenNomorhamphusandOryzias. Particularly, the expression levels of the long wavelength‐sensitive genes were negatively correlated between the taxa, indicating that they have different visual sensitivities despite living in similar light environments. Thus, the convergence of body colorations between these two freshwater fish taxa was not accompanied by convergence in opsin sensitivities. This system presents a case in which body color convergence can occur between sympatric species via different mechanisms.
Study on the Volatile Oxidation Compounds and Quantitative Prediction of Oxidation Parameters in Walnut (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) Oil
Authors: Mu Honglei , Gao Haiyan , Chen Hangjun , Fang Xiangjun , Zhou Yongjun , Wu Weijie , Han Qiang 
Published: April 2019

Walnut (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) oil contains over 85% unsaturated fatty acids, which are easily oxidized during storage. As a result, a large number of volatile oxidation compounds (VOCs) are formed during oxidation. The qualitative composition of VOCs in walnut oil and quantitative prediction of the oxidation parameters (peroxide value [POV], acid value [AV], and p‐anisidine value [p‐AnV]) by VOCs are investigated through SPME/GC‐MS combined with partial least‐squares (PLS) regression analysis. Eighteen VOCs including aldehydes, alcohols, and acids are detected by SPME/GC‐MS. According to the comprehensive scores of principal component analysis (PCA), 2‐octenal, hexanal, 2‐heptenal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, hexanoic acid, and nonanal are the main products formed during oxidation. Then PLS regression is applied to developing quantitative prediction models of oxidation parameters (POV, AV, and p‐AnV) by VOCs. The PLS prediction models have a good performance, with determination coefficients (R2p) of 0.993–0.997 for the prediction sets of the three oxidation parameters.Practical Applications: The quantitative relationship between VOCs and oxidation parameters is developed in this study, which provided a new method for monitoring the quality of walnut oil. The SPME/GC‐MS combined with PLSR is a feasible and potential method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxidation process. This method is proven to have a precise predictive ability and provided a potential application in the quality assessment of other nut products.Volatile oxidation compounds (VOCs) are detected by SPME/GC‐MS in oxidized walnut (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) oil. Following this determination, partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) is applied to developing quantitative prediction models of oxidation parameters by VOCs.
Characterization of Volatile Release and Sensory Properties of Model Margarines by Changing Fat and Emulsifier Content
Authors: Dadalı Ceyda , Elmacı Yeşim 
Published: April 2019

Fat ratio and emulsifier content of water in oil margarine emulsions changes the sensory properties of the margarines by affecting the volatile release. The effect of fat and emulsifier content on volatile release using headspace/solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS/SPME/GC/MS), and sensory properties of model margarine emulsions is investigated. 2‐Heptanone, 2‐nonanone, 2‐undecanone, hexanoic acid, and δ‐decalactone releases are found to be lower, while 2,3‐butanedion and butanoic acid releases are higher in model margarine with high fat content. Also the releases of 2‐nonanone, 2‐undecanone, hexanoic acid, and δ‐decalactone decreases due to the increase of the emulsifier ratio used in the model margarine. It is found that the hardness and G′ values of the margarines increased together with the increase of fat and emulsifier ratio. In model margarines, butter aroma and taste, cheese aroma and taste are intensely perceived characters by descriptive sensory analysis and they perceived more intensely in products with higher fat content. On the other hand, creamy character is perceived more intensely in model margarines with less fat content. The release of volatile compounds depended on fat and emulsifier content used in the model margarines. Taste and aroma of model margarines are especially affected by the change in fat content while textural properties are affected by both fat and emulsifier content.Practical Applications: The flavor of the food plays an important role in the consumer's choice of food, and it is influenced by the matrix and composition of the food. Fat is an important part of food, and on the other hand, overconsumption of fat could cause health problems. There is an increasing interest in foods with low fat content for healthier human diets. However, reducing the fat in the product leads to a change in the flavor and texture of the product. Designing the product with the desired properties without affecting the flavor of the food generates problems for the researchers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fat and emulsifier content on volatiles of model margarine. Knowledge obtained from this study could provide a guide for margarine and spread producers to formulate low‐fat margarine by using the data obtained on volatile release and flavor depending on fat content and emulsifier mixture of margarines.The volatile release and sensory properties of model margarines are affected by fat and emulsifier content. Model margarine emulsions with high fat content has higher 2,3‐butanedion and butanoic acid release. Also 2‐nonanone, 2‐undecanone, hexanoic acid, and δ‐decalactone releases decreases with increasing emulsifier content. Butter aroma, butter taste, cheese aroma, and cheese taste are intensely perceived volatiles in high‐fat‐content model margarines.
Evaluation of Esterification of Oleic Acid and Glycerol in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Compounds
Authors: da Silva Mônica A. , dos Santos Anderson S. S. , Neto Antonio J. S. , Giertyas Cristian J. , Bortoluzzi Janaína H. , Meneghetti Mario R. , Plentz Meneghetti Simoni M. 
Published: April 2019

Esterification of oleic acid (OA) and glycerol (GLY) is studied in the absence and in the presence of the organotin(IV) catalysts (CAT) dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2), butyltin trichloride (BuSnCl3), dibutyltin dilaurate (Bu2SnLau2), butyl stannoic acid (BuSnO(OH)), and di‐n‐butyl‐oxo‐stannane (Bu2SnO). The reactivity order observed at 180 °C using a OA/GLY/CAT molar ratio of 1/1/0.01 was BuSnCl3 > Bu2SnLau2 > Bu2SnCl2 > Bu2SnO > BuSnO(OH), and a kap of −0.6237 h−1 is obtained for BuSnCl3. The estimated activation energy for the conversion reaction of OA at the above molar ratio using BuSnCl3 is 60.9 kJ mol−1, whereas it is 71.3 kJ mol−1 for the reaction performed without the catalyst. Moreover, the most active catalytic systems are those that act as typical and pure Lewis acids, and the least active systems are those that follow the ligand exchange mechanism, suggesting that GLY and AO are involved in the ligand exchange process and may form less reactive catalytic species.Practical Applications: In order to expand the glycerol utilization, the aim of the present work is to systematically investigate the behavior of organotin(IV) compounds bearing different substituents on the metal center (oxo, carboxyl, chloro, and hydroxy groups) in the esterification of OA and GLY without a solvent for obtaining MAGs, DAGs and TAGs.Best results of esterification of AO + GLY are attained at 180 °C using BuSnCl3 as a catalyst, and the kap = −0.6237 h−1 for OA conversion is obtained.
Zymobacter palmae pyruvate decarboxylase production process development: Cloning in Escherichia coli, fed‐batch culture and purification
Authors: Alcover Natàlia , Carceller Albert , Álvaro Gregorio , Guillén Marina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is responsible for the decarboxylation of pyruvate, producing acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide and is of high interest for industrial applications. PDC is a very powerful tool in the enzymatic synthesis of chiral amines by combining it with transaminases when alanine is used as amine donor. However, one of the main drawback that hampers its use in biocatalysis is its production and the downstream processing on scale. In this paper, a production process of PDC from Zymobacter palmae has been developed. The enzyme has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. It is presented, for the first time, the evaluation of the production of recombinant PDC in a bench‐scale bioreactor, applying a substrate‐limiting fed‐batch strategy which led to a volumetric productivity and a final PDC specific activity of 6942 U L−1h−1 and 3677 U gDCW−1 (dry cell weight). Finally, PDC was purified in fast protein liquid chromatography equipment by ion exchange chromatography. The developed purification process resulted in 100% purification yield and a purification factor of 3.8.
Identification and ranking of specific balanced scorecard performance measures for hospitals: A case study of private hospitals in the Klang Valley area, Malaysia
Authors: Behrouzi Farshad , Ma'aram Azanizawati 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPerformance measurement is a necessity for private hospitals as they need to be efficient, attract customers, increase profitability, and survive in the competitive environment of the health care industry. Hospitals typically struggle to identify appropriate performance measures because of lack of reliable source of performance measures for private hospitals. Despite numerous studies on performance measurement, few studies have focused on performance measures in private hospitals. This paper aims to fill that gap by identifying and ranking a specific set of performance measures that are feasible and relevant for private hospitals. Forty‐four health care performance measures in four balanced scorecard (BSC) performance perspectives (financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth) were compiled and filtered based on “feasibility” and “relevance” criteria using a questionnaire survey in private hospitals in the Klang Valley area, Malaysia. Since all collected data were in numeric format, data analysis was performed quantitatively. Consequently, 31 BSC performance measures were identified for private hospitals. Next, the 31 performance measures went through a ranking survey in Klang Valley private hospitals. Therefore, a weight between 0 and 1 with a range of 0.095 to 0.207 was obtained for each performance measure to help hospitals quantify their overall performance more accurately.
Toxicological evaluation of airborne particulate matter. Are cell culture technologies ready to replace animal testing?
Authors: Silvani Sara , Figliuzzi Marina , Remuzzi Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) can affect human health, causing asthma, atherosclerosis, renal disease and cancer. In the last few years, outdoor air pollution has increased globally, leading to a public health emergency. Epidemiological studies have reported a correlation between the development of severe respiratory and systemic diseases and exposure to PM. To evaluate the toxic effect of PM of different origins, conventional experimental toxicological investigations have been conducted in animals; however, animal experimentation poses major ethical issues and usually differs from human conditions. As an alternative, human cell cultures are increasingly being used to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of PM toxicity. Although 2D cell cultures have been proven helpful, they are far from being a valid alternative to animal tests. Recently, 3D cell culture and organ‐on‐chip technology have provided systems that are more complex and that can be more informative for toxicity studies. In this review, the results of the 2D systems that are most frequently used for PM toxicity evaluations are summarized with a special focus on their limitations. We also examined to which extent 3D cell culture and particularly the organ‐on‐chip technology may overcome these limitations and represent effective tools to improve airborne PM toxicity evaluations.
miR‐15b‐5p ameliorated high glucose‐induced podocyte injury through repressing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses by targeting Sema3A
Authors: Fu Yanqin , Wang Chongxian , Zhang Dongming , Chu Xiaojing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPodocyte damage is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs play important roles in the DN pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the possible roles and underlying mechanisms of miR‐15b‐5p on high glucose (HG)‐triggered podocyte injury. We observed that miR‐15b‐5p declined dramatically in a time‐dependent manner in podocytes exposed to HG. In addition, miR‐15b‐5p restored cell proliferation in HG‐induced podocytes. Meanwhile, forced expression of miR‐15b‐5p apparently restrained HG‐triggered apoptosis of podocytes, concomitant with downregulated in the proapoptotic protein markers Bax and cleavage caspase‐3, and upregulated the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Simultaneously, introduction of miR‐15b‐5p repressed HG‐induced oxidative stress damage in HG‐treated podocytes, as evidenced by reduced MDA content, NOX4 expression, and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, enforced expression of miR‐15b‐5p remarkably restrained the HG‐stimulated inflammatory response, as reflected by attenuated the level of the cytokines IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. More important, we also identified Sema3A as a direct target of miR‐15b‐5p. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot subsequently confirmed that miR‐15b‐5p negatively modulated the level of Sema3A. Mechanically, overexpression of Sema3A impeded the beneficial effects of miR‐15b‐5p on HG‐mediated apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Altogether, these findings manifested that miR‐15b‐5p protectively antagonized HG‐triggered podocyte damage through relieving HG‐induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process in podocytes by targeting Sema3A, suggesting that miR‐15b‐5p might be a new therapeutic agent to improve management of DN.
Cln3‐mutations underlying juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis cause significantly reduced levels of Palmitoyl‐protein thioesterases‐1 (Ppt1)‐protein and Ppt1‐enzyme activity in the lysosome
Authors: Appu Abhilash P. , Bagh Maria B. , Sadhukhan Tamal , Mondal Avisek , Casey Sydney , Mukherjee Anil B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMutations in at least 13 different genes (called CLNs) underlie various forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of the most common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases. While inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene, encoding palmitoyl‐protein thioesterases‐1 (PPT1), cause infantile NCL (INCL), those in the CLN3 gene, encoding a protein of unknown function, underlie juvenile NCL (JNCL). PPT1 depalmitoylates S‐palmitoylated proteins (constituents of ceroid) required for their degradation by lysosomal hydrolases and PPT1‐deficiency causes lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid leading to INCL. Because intracellular accumulation of ceroid is a characteristic of all NCLs, a common pathogenic link for these diseases has been suggested. It has been reported that CLN3‐mutations suppress the exit of cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐M6PR) from the trans Golgi network (TGN). Because CI‐M6PR transports soluble proteins such as PPT1 from the TGN to the lysosome, we hypothesized that CLN3‐mutations may cause lysosomal PPT1‐insufficiency contributing to JNCL pathogenesis. Here, we report that the lysosomes in Cln3‐mutant mice, which mimic JNCL, and those in cultured cells from JNCL patients, contain significantly reduced levels of Ppt1‐protein and Ppt1‐enzyme activity and progressively accumulate autofluorescent ceroid. Furthermore, in JNCL fibroblasts the V0a1 subunit of v‐ATPase, which regulates lysosomal acidification, is mislocalized to the plasma membrane instead of its normal location on lysosomal membrane. This defect dysregulates lysosomal acidification, as we previously reported in Cln1
−/− mice, which mimic INCL. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role of CLN3 in lysosomal homeostasis and suggest that CLN3‐mutations causing lysosomal Ppt1‐insuffiiciency may at least in part contribute to JNCL pathogenesis.
Additive value of diffusion‐weighted MRI in the I‐SPY 2 TRIAL
Authors: Li Wen , Newitt David C. , Wilmes Lisa J. , Jones Ella F. , Arasu Vignesh , Gibbs Jessica , La Yun Bo , Li Elizabeth , Partridge Savannah C. , Kornak John ,   on behalf of the I‐SPY 2 Consortium, Esserman Laura J. , Hylton Nola M. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe change in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be predictive of pathologic complete response (pCR) for patients with locally invasive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PurposeTo investigate the additive value of tumor ADC in a multicenter clinical trial setting.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of multicenter prospective data.PopulationIn all, 415 patients who enrolled in the I‐SPY 2 TRIAL from 2010 to 2014 were included.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3T MRI system using a fat‐suppressed single‐shot echo planar imaging sequence with b‐values of 0 and 800 s/mm2 for DWI, followed by a T1‐weighted sequence for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) performed at pre‐NAC (T0), after 3 weeks of NAC (T1), mid‐NAC (T2), and post‐NAC (T3).AssessmentFunctional tumor volume and tumor ADC were measured at each MRI exam; pCR measured at surgery was assessed as the binary outcome. Breast cancer subtype was defined by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.Statistical TestsA logistic regression model was used to evaluate associations between MRI predictors with pCR. The cross‐validated area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive performance of the model with and without ADC.ResultsIn all, 354 patients (128 HR+/HER2–, 60 HR+/HER2+, 34 HR–/HER2+, 132 HR–/HER2–) were included in the analysis. In the full cohort, adding ADC predictors increased the AUC from 0.76 to 0.78 at mid‐NAC and from 0.76 to 0.81 at post‐NAC. In HR/HER2 subtypes, the AUC increased from 0.52 to 0.65 at pre‐NAC for HR+/HER2–, from 0.67 to 0.73 at mid‐NAC and from 0.72 to 0.76 at post‐NAC for HR+/HER2+, from 0.71 to 0.81 at post‐NAC for triple negatives.Data ConclusionThe addition of ADC to standard functional tumor volume MRI showed improvement in the prediction of treatment response in HR+ and triple‐negative breast cancer.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1742–1753.
Diurnal cycle of rainfall and convection over the Maritime Continent using TRMM and ISCCP
Authors: Worku Lakemariam Y. , Mekonnen Ademe , Schreck Carl J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the diurnal cycle of rainfall, convection, and precipitation features (PFs) over the Maritime Continent (MC). The study uses Tropical Rainfall Measuring Missions (TRMM) Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA; product 3b42), TRMM PFs, and convective classifications from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data. Together, these satellites dataset paint a comprehensive picture of the diurnal cycle of rainfall and convection over the MC consistent with past research. Isolated convection initiates around midday over the higher terrain of the large islands (Java, Borneo, and Papua New Guinea). The convection becomes more organized through the afternoon and evening, leading to peak rainfall over the islands around 1800–2100 local standard time (LST). Over the next few hours, some of that rainfall transitions to stratiform rain over land. The convection then propagates offshore overnight with rainfall peaking along the coast around 0300–0600 LST and then over ocean around 0600–0900 LST. ISCCP data suggests that the overnight and early morning convection is more associated with isolated convective cells than the remnants of mesoscale convective systems. The coastal and oceanic diurnal ranges also seem to be larger in stratiform rainfall, in contrast to land where convective rainfall dominates. Seasonally the diurnal variation of rainfall, convection, and PFs over the region have greater amplitude during DJF (December, January, and February) than JJA (June, July, and August). Given the MC's critical role in the global climate, examining variations in these cycles with respect to the Madden–Julian Oscillation and equatorial waves may ultimately lead to improved subseasonal weather forecasts.
A full integration of electromagnetic resonance sensor and capacitive touch sensor into LCD
Authors: Uchino Satoshi , Azumi Kohei , Katsuta Tadayoshi , Suzuki Daich , Ozawa Yutaka , Sakai Toshirou , Mitsuzawa Yutaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have developed a transmissive and reflective LCD that integrates electromagnetic resonance (EMR) and capacitive touch sensors using existing in‐cell process. This development has been achieved by utilizing our hybrid‐in‐cell technology with low resistance material for the RX, which is an improvement of over 80% compared with conventional indium thin oxide (ITO) material. For EMR detection, we have slightly modified the TX layer used for capacitive touch sensing, by making a coil loop that generates a magnetic field on the panel. The direction of current on the coil can be modulated by the low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) circuit. Our in‐cell touch sensing has separately assigned timings for display and touch units. This time‐sharing method provides immunity from display noise and consequently better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) than other out‐cell types. In parallel, we have developed a new controller that can support both EMR and capacitive sensing as a one‐chip solution, with the capability of maximizing signal levels lowering noise and detecting the frequency precisely when there is pressure on the pen tip. Our in‐cell technologies contribute not only a good SNR for EMR pen but also the added benefits for thin design, lightweight panel, compared with conventional LCD techniques.