bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to driving optimal cellular responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice
Authors: Ndlovu Hlumani , Nono Justin Komguep , Nieuwenhuizen Natalie Eva , Brombacher Frank 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Development of IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα)-dependent cellular immunity regulates host protection against acute schistosomiasis. In this study, we investigated the importance of IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells in driving the development of optimal cellular responses to Schistosoma mansoni infection by using CD11ccreIL-4Rα−/lox BALB/c mice, which lacked IL-4Rα expression on dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages. Abrogation of IL-4Rα expression on CD11c+ cells affected activation of CD4+ T cells, resulting in reduced numbers of effector CD4+ T cells and impaired production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by CD4+ T cells ex vivo. However, secretion of both type 1 and type 2 Ab isotypes was unchanged in infected CD11c-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mice compared to littermate controls. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cells play an important role in maintaining cellular immunity during schistosomiasis in mice.
Review on IL-4Rα-expressing CD11c+ cell contribution to maintaining optimal cellular immunity during acute schistosomiasis in mice.
Mechanical performance of cementless total knee replacements: It is not all about the maximum loads
Authors: Quevedo González Fernando J. , Lipman Joseph D. , Lo Darrick , De Martino Ivan , Sculco Peter K. , Sculco Thomas P. , Catani Fabio , Wright Timothy M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFinite element (FE) models are frequently used to assess mechanical interactions between orthopedic implants and surrounding bone. However, FE studies are often limited by the small number of bones that are modeled; the use of normal bones that do not reflect the altered bone density distributions that result from osteoarthritis (OA); and the application of simplified load cases usually based on peak forces and without consideration of tibiofemoral kinematics. To overcome these limitations, we undertook an integrated approach to determine the most critical scenario for the interaction between an uncemented tibial component and surrounding proximal tibial bone. A cementless component, based on a modern design, was virtually implanted using computed‐tomography scans from 13 patients with knee OA. FE simulations were performed across a demanding activity, stair ascent, by combining in vivo experimental forces from the literature with tibiofemoral kinematics measured from patients who had received the same design of knee component. The worst conditions for the bone–implant interaction, in terms of micromotion and percentage of interfacial bone mass at risk of failure, did not arise from the maximum applied loads. We also found large variability among bones and tibiofemoral kinematics sets. Our results suggest that future FE studies should not focus solely on peak loads as this approach does not consistently correlate to worst‐case scenarios. Moreover, multiple load cases and multiple bones should be considered to best reflect variations in tibiofemoral kinematics, anatomy, and tissue properties. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:350–357, 2019.
Extremely Compressible Hydrogel via Incorporation of Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Kumru Baris , Molinari Valerio , Dünnebacke Reinhild , Blank Kerstin G. , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtremely compressible hydrogels are fabricated in one pot via sulfonic‐acid‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN‐AHPA) as a visible light photoinitiator and reinforcer. The hydrogels show unusual compressibility upon applied stress up to 12 MPa, presenting temporary physical deformation, and remain undamaged after stress removal despite their high water content (90 wt%). Cyclic compressibility proves the fatigue resistance of the covalently and electrostatically reinforced system that possesses tissue adhesive properties, shock resistance, cut resistance, and little to no toxicity.
Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal
Authors: Wang Hyun Suk , Kim Ki Hyun , Bang Joona 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBlock copolymer thin films are highly versatile and accessible materials capable of producing nanofeatures in the size regime of a few to hundreds of nanometers by a simple spin‐coating‐and‐anneal process. Unfortunately, this simple protocol usually leads to parallel microdomains, which limits the applicability of such nanofeatures. A great deal of effort has been put into achieving perpendicular microdomains, but those that incorporate thermal annealing are arguably the most practical and reproducible in the lab and industry. This review discusses the recent ongoing efforts on various thermal approaches to achieving perpendicular microdomains in order to provide the readers with a toolbox to work with.
D‐HMBC versus LR‐HSQMBC: Which experiment provides theoretically and experimentally the best results?
Authors: Bigler Peter , Furrer Julien 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe long‐range heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (LR‐HSQMBC) experiment is the experiment of choice for visualizing heteronuclear long‐range coupling interactions nJCH across 4–6‐bonds and is experimentally superior to the decoupled heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (D‐HMBC) experiment. Yet, the exact reasons have not been fully understood and established. On the basis of our recent investigation of the nonrefocused variants LR‐HSQC and HMBC, we have extended a JHH′‐dedicated investigation to the D‐HMBC and LR‐HSQMBC experiments. Unlike the nonrefocused variants, the influence of homonuclear couplings JHH′ on the intensity of long‐range nJCH cross‐peaks is not easily predictable and may be summarized as follows: (a) irrespective of the magnitude and number of JHH′ interactions long‐range nJCH cross‐peaks are more intense in D‐HMBC spectra as long as the evolution delay Δ is not too large, because in contrast to LR‐HSQMBC no JHH′‐caused intensity zeroes will occur. (b) If JHH′ is small and Δ large, the intensity of cross peaks in D‐HMBC spectra may be weakened or may even vanish at Δ = (0.25+0.5k)/JHH′, whereas for the LR‐HSQMBC this unwanted effect occurs at Δ = k + 0.5/JHH′. Consequently, when Δ is adjusted to visualize weak nJCH long‐range correlations, our findings corroborate that there are potentially more cross‐peaks expected to show up in a LR‐HSQMBC spectrum compared with a D‐HMBC spectrum. This has been indeed noticed experimentally, even though the intensity of a many long‐range nJCH cross‐peaks may still be higher in the spectra of the D‐HMBC experiment correspondingly adjusted for detecting weak nJCH correlations.
Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the pelvic organ prolapse: A parametric biomechanical modeling
Authors: Babayi Masumeh , Azghani Mahmood‐Reza , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Berghmans Bary 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo evaluate the role of soft tissue and ligaments damage and level of pelvic muscles activation versus intra‐abdominal pressure, on pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsThis was a computational modeling based on the finite element analysis. Three pelvic muscles, four pelvic ligaments, and three organs (urethra, vagina, and rectum) were simulated. The model was subjected to total 41 472 analysis cases including three intra‐abdominal pressures, two damaging levels for the ligaments, three damaging levels for the muscles, and four intentional levels of activation for muscles.ResultsIncreased intra‐abdominal pressures caused significant statistical increase of the pelvic organ prolapse (P = 0.000) up to 10 mm downward. Ligaments’ defect had no statistically‐significant effect on prolapse of the organs (P = 0.981 for rectum, P = 0.423 for urethra, and P = 0.752 for vagina). Damage in the pelvic floor muscles and low intentional level of activation also deteriorated the prolapse (P = 0.000).ConclusionIncrease of the intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) as may be existed during pregnancy or physical activity increased the organ prolapse. Damages of the ligaments caused less effects on the prolapse. Loss of the passive properties of the muscles which is probable after delivery or aging moderately deteriorated the prolapse disorder. However, activation of the pelvic floor muscles prevented the prolapse. Different recruitments of the muscles, specifically the pubococcygeus (PCM), could compensate the possible defects in other tissues. Targeted pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) could also be effective in older adults due to considerable role of the pelvic muscles’ intentional activation.
Bladder management experiences among people living with neurologic disease: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Welk Blayne , McGarry Patrick , Kennelly Michael , Myers Jeremy ,   For the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group
Published: November 2018

AimTo systematically review the qualitative literature on neurogenic bladder management to better understand the relevant psychosocial issues.MethodsWe used two reviewers to systematically review EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for qualitative studies that included a neurogenic bladder patient population and were relevant to bladder management. We used a meta‐ethnography technique to summarize and synthesize the data.ResultsWe found 13 studies that were relevant. When choosing a bladder management technique (three studies), there were two major themes (bladder management decision makers, and characteristics and risks) that impacted the process. For studies evaluating life with a urinary catheter (five about intermittent catheters, and five about indwelling catheters), relevant themes could be arranged into three consecutive periods: First, a changed life (the initial stage of selecting and using a catheter: coping, teaching and technical challenges, and control and independence). Second, learning to live with a catheter (the practical skill and knowledge that goes into using a catheter: knowledge, adjustments, and normalization). Third, a new life (the acceptance and integration of a catheter into a person's life: problems and benefits, unpredictability, travel and social activities, intimacy and relationships, and dealing with negative emotions). Themes were generally consistent across studies.Conclusions Several important themes were identified from the existing qualitative literature; these can provide insight into how neurogenic bladder patients select a bladder management method, and how physicians can optimize their counseling and the long‐term management of these patients.
Reframing the conversation about contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: Preparing women for postsurgical realities
Authors: Bloom Diane L. , Chapman Brittany M. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , McGuire Kandace P. , Lee Clara N. , Weinfurt Kevin , Rosenstein Donald L. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Jacobson Vann Julie C. , Hwang E. Shelley 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWomen with unilateral, early‐stage breast cancer and low genetic risk are increasingly opting for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), a concerning trend because CPM offers few clinical benefits while increasing risks of surgical complications. Few qualitative studies have analyzed factors motivating this irreversible decision. Using qualitative methods, this study sought to understand women's decision making and the impact of CPM on self‐confidence, sense of femininity, sexual intimacy, and peace of mind.MethodsWomen who had CPM within the last 10 years were recruited to participate in the study. We conducted a thematic analysis of the data.ResultsForty‐five women were interviewed. When making the decision for CPM, most had incomplete knowledge of potential negative outcomes. However, all believed CPM had more benefits than harms and would confer the most peace of mind and the fewest regrets should cancer return. They knew their contralateral breast cancer risk was low but were not persuaded by statistics. They wanted to do everything possible to reduce their risk of another breast cancer, even by a minimal amount, but most reported paying an unexpectedly high price for this small reduction in risk. Nevertheless, 41 of 45 reported that they would make the same decision again.ConclusionsThese findings highlight an opportunity for physicians to reframe the conversation to focus on the patient experience of the tradeoffs of CPM rather than statistical odds of future cancers. Our findings suggest that more data may not dissuade women from CPM but may better prepare them for its outcomes.
A Depolarized Dynamic Light Scattering Method to Calculate Translational and Rotational Diffusion Coefficients of Nanorods
Authors: Nixon‐Luke Reece , Bryant Gary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new analysis of depolarized dynamic light scattering data is presented, which allows the unambiguous determination of rotational and translational diffusions coefficients of nanorods in suspension. By visualizing data scaling, purely translational diffusive motions can be isolated from vertically polarized scattering, allowing the unique determination of rotational diffusion from the depolarized scattering. The method is applied to nanorods with four different aspect ratios, and compared with theoretical predictions. Diffusion coefficients obtained show good agreement with calculations based on the direct measurements of rod length and diameter. Where the theories are shown to be valid, the method allows the measurement of statistically meaningful particle sizes and aspect ratios.
Structure of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase/d4TTP complex: Novel DNA cross‐linking site and pH‐dependent conformational changes
Authors: Martinez Sergio E. , Bauman Joseph D. , Das Kalyan , Arnold Eddy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStavudine (d4T, 2′,3′‐didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxythymidine) was one of the first chain‐terminating nucleoside analogs used to treat HIV infection. We present the first structure of the active, triphosphate form of d4T (d4TTP) bound to a catalytic complex of HIV‐1 RT/dsDNA template‐primer. We also present a new strategy for disulfide (S–S) chemical cross‐linking between N6 of a modified adenine at the second overhang base to I63C in the fingers subdomain of RT. The cross‐link site is upstream of the duplex‐binding region of RT, however, the structure is very similar to published RT structures with cross‐linking to Q258C in the thumb, which suggests that cross‐linking at either site does not appreciably perturb the RT/DNA structures. RT has a catalytic maximum at pH 7.5. We determined the X‐ray structures of the I63C‐RT/dsDNA/d4TTP cross‐linked complexes at pH 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, and 9.5. We found small (~0.5 Å), pH‐dependent motions of the fingers subdomain that folds in to form the dNTP‐binding pocket. We propose that the pH‐activity profile of RT relates to this motion of the fingers. Due to side effects of neuropathy and lipodystrophy, use of d4T has been stopped in most countries, however, chemical modification of d4T might lead to the development of a new class of nucleoside analogs targeting RNA and DNA polymerases.
Quantitative collision‐induced unfolding differentiates model antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Tian Yuwei , Lippens Jennifer L. , Netirojjanakul Chawita , Campuzano Iain D.G. , Ruotolo Brandon T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are antibody‐based therapeutics that have proven to be highly effective cancer treatment platforms. They are composed of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with highly potent drugs via chemical linkers. Compared to cysteine‐targeted chemistries, conjugation at native lysine residues can lead to a higher degree of structural heterogeneity, and thus it is important to evaluate the impact of conjugation on antibody conformation. Here, we present a workflow involving native ion mobility (IM)‐MS and gas‐phase unfolding for the structural characterization of lysine‐linked monoclonal antibody (mAb)–biotin conjugates. Following the determination of conjugation states via denaturing Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) measurements, we performed both size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and native IM‐MS measurements in order to compare the structures of biotinylated and unmodified IgG1 molecules. Hydrodynamic radii (Rh) and collision cross‐sectional (CCS) values were insufficient to distinguish the conformational changes in these antibody–biotin conjugates owing to their flexible structures and limited instrument resolution. In contrast, collision induced unfolding (CIU) analyses were able to detect subtle structural and stability differences in the mAb upon biotin conjugation, exhibiting a sensitivity to mAb conjugation that exceeds native MS analysis alone. Destabilization of mAb–biotin conjugates was detected by both CIU and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data, suggesting a previously unknown correlation between the two measurement tools. We conclude by discussing the impact of IM‐MS and CIU technologies on the future of ADC development pipelines.
Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Park Mincheol , Cho Woohyung , Lee Gunhee , Hong Seung Chan , Kim Min‐cheol , Yoon Jungjin , Ahn Namyoung , Choi Mansoo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA simple, low‐cost, large area, and continuous scalable coating method is proposed for the fabrication of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. A megasonic spray‐coating method utilizing a 1.7 MHz megasonic nebulizer that could fabricate reproducible large‐area planar efficient perovskite films is developed. The coating method fabricates uniform large‐area perovskite film with large‐sized grain since smaller and narrower sized mist droplets than those generated by existing ultrasonic spray methods could be generated by megasonic spraying. The volume flow rate of the CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solution and the reaction temperature are controlled, to obtain a high quality perovskite active layer. The devices reach a maximum efficiency of 16.9%, with an average efficiency of 16.4% from 21 samples. The applicability of megasonic spray coating to the fabrication of large‐area solar cells (1 cm2), with a power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, is also demonstrated. This is a record high efficiency for large‐area perovskite solar cells fabricated by continuous spray coating.
Is Global Pediatric Surgery a Good Investment?
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Concepcion Tessa L. , Niemeier Kelli J. , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvesting in surgery has been highlighted as integral to strengthening overall health systems and increasing economic prosperity in low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The provision of surgical care in LMICs not only affects economies on a macro‐level, but also impacts individual families within communities at a microeconomic level. Given that children represent 50% of the population in LMICs and the burden of unmet surgical needs in these areas is high, investing pediatric‐specific components of surgical and anesthesia care is needed. Implementation efforts for pediatric surgical care include incorporating surgery‐specific priorities into the global child health initiatives, improving global health financing for scale‐up activities for children, increasing financial risk protection mechanisms for families of children with surgical needs, and including comprehensive pediatric surgical models of care into country‐level plans.
Free Will and Mental Powers
Authors: van Miltenburg Niels , Ometto Dawa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how contemporary metaphysics of powers can further an understanding of agent-causal theories of free will. The recent upsurge of such ontologies of powers and the understanding of causation it affords promises to demystify the notion of an agent-causal power. However, as we arguepace(Mumford and Anjum in Analysis 74:20–25, 2013; Am Philos Q 52:1–12, 2015a), the very ubiquity of powers also poses a challenge to understanding in what sense exercises of an agent’s power to act could still befree—neither determined by external circumstances, nor random, but self-determined. To overcome this challenge, we must understand what distinguishes the power to act from ordinary powers. We suggest this difference lies in itsrationalnature, and argue that existing agent-causal accounts (e.g., O’Connor in Libertarian views: dualist and agent-causal theories, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002; Lowe in Personal agency: the metaphysics of mind and action, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013) fail to capture the sense in which the power to act is rational. A proper understanding, we argue, requires us to combine the recent idea that the power to act is a ‘two-way power’ (e.g., Steward in A metaphysics for freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012b; Lowe (in: Groff, Greco (eds) Powers and capacities in philosophy: the new aristotelianism, Routledge, New York, 2013) with the idea that it is intrinsically rational. We sketch the outlines of an original account that promises to do this. On this picture, what distinguishes the power to act is its specialgenerality—the power to act, unlike ordinary powers, does not come with any one typical manifestation. We argue that this special generality can be understood to be a feature of the capacity toreason. Thus, we argue, an account of agent-causation that can further our understanding of free will requires us to recognize a specifically rational ormentalvariety of power.
Nano-mechanical Behavior of H13 Tool Steel Fabricated by a Selective Laser Melting Method
Authors: Nguyen Van Luong , Kim Eun-ah , Yun Jaecheol , Choe Jungho , Yang Dong-yeol , Lee Hak-sung , Lee Chang-woo , Yu Ji-Hun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nano-mechanical properties of selective laser melted H13 steel at a scan laser speed of 100 mm/s were investigated using nanoindentation tests. The findings shed light on the interrelationship between the nanoindentation strain rate and hardness. It was found that the strain-rate sensitivity exponent (m = 0.022) of this material indicated that the nanoindentation hardness increased in a range of (8.41 to 9.18) GPa with an increase in the strain rate ranging from 0.002 to 0.1 s−1.