bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene glycol‐based ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction, characterization, and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from Lonicerae japonica leaves
Authors: Wu Wei , Huang Tingrong , Xiang Fu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) was employed in polysaccharides extraction from Lonicerae japonica leaves (LJLP). The optimal extraction conditions (extraction time of 33 min, PEG concentration of 30%, and ultrasonic power of 191 W) were obtained by Box–Behnken design (BBD). Under this condition, the LJLP yield was 14.76%. Furthermore, LJLP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide considering the main constitutive monosaccharides include galactose (32.3%), glucose (20.9%), and ribose (15.2%). Moreover, LJLP exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on superoxide radicals, in a concentration‐dependent manner in vitro. In addition, antioxidant analysis in vivo revealed that for the LJLP‐treated mice, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly increased, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased in both serum and liver.
A SUITABLE DESIGN OF OUTLET TYPE FOR PADDIES IN TAIWAN BY EVALUATING THE FLOOD DETENTION EFFECT AND APPLICABILITY
Authors: Chen Rong‐Song , Cheng Yun‐Ta , Huang Po‐Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study intends to enhance a paddy's flood detention effect by adjusting the outlet mechanism to mitigate flooding. Since the paddy's detention effect is an additional function, this study focuses on figuring out a suitable design by comprehensively considering the inundation duration for rice, least peak discharge for flood detention and applicability for various ridge heights. This study establishes a water balance model by utilizing the outlet's discharge coefficients and loss intensity calibrated from the field test. The study adopts the shuffled complex evolution (SCE‐UA) method to optimize the peak discharge. Based on the dimensions of the paddy ridges around the test field and a 24‐h rainfall in a 50‐year return period, both the orifice type and the overflow type perform well, with peak discharge = 0.0105 m3 s‾¹ and peak time = 960 min. Compared with the weir type, they function well in flood detention, with peak discharge reduction = 65.9% and detention time (time span between the peak time of the weir type and that of the others) = 200 min. Despite having the best performance in flood detention, the orifice type is the least applicable due to the limitation of ridge height. The overflow type has the advantages of both the weir and the orifice types. It is the most suitable design for paddies in Taiwan in terms of applicability and flood detention effect. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the primary care clinical pharmacy specialist: Increasing patient access and quality of care within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: McFarland M. Shawn , Nelson Jordan , Ourth Heather , Groppi Julie , Morreale Anthony 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccess to high‐quality care is a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) top priority. The VA utilized the principles of the Patient Centered Medical Home model to design the Patient‐Aligned Care Team (PACT) to deliver primary care to our nation's Veterans. The PACT model was introduced in the VA in 2009 and was implemented across the health care system in 2010.ObjectiveThis review will highlight how the VA clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) have been integrated throughout the VA to provide clinical care services in the primary care setting. CPSs in PACTs provide comprehensive medication management (CMM) in between typical PACT provider visits to initiate, modify, or discontinue medications, as well as providing disease management in foundational and high‐volume areas such as anticoagulation, pain management, diabetes, hypertension, anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, hepatitis C, and hyperlipidemia.ConclusionsWithin the VA, CPSs work autonomously but collaboratively under a global or practice area‐based scope of practice (SOP) with prescriptive authority. VA CPS serving as a provider in primary care increase access and quality of care to veterans through the provision of CMM. This model has the opportunity to be leveraged in other health care systems.
Modulation of foreign body reaction and macrophage phenotypes concerning microenvironment
Authors: Chu Chenyu , Liu Li , Rung Shengan , Wang Yuanjing , Ma Yuxing , Hu Chen , Zhao Xiwen , Man Yi , Qu Yili 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe foreign body reaction (FBR) is described as a local chronic inflammation after implantation of biomaterials in which macrophages involved intimately. At the stage of acute inflammation, mast cells release histamine, Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and Interleukin‐13 (IL‐13), enhancing recruitment, and fusion of macrophages in the following phase. As for chronic intensive inflammation, degradation of biomaterials would be promoted by macrophage‐derived foreign body giant cells releasing degradative enzymes, acid and reactive oxygen intermediates. Nevertheless, it could be seen as a breakthrough point for regulating FBR, considering the dominant role of the macrophage in the immune response as exemplified by the decrease of IL‐4 and IL‐13, stabilizing an appropriate balance between two macrophage phenotypes, selectively suppressing some function of macrophages, and so on. Moreover, the relationship between macrophages polarization and the development of a fibrous capsule, which increase the possibility of implantation failure, will be illustrated later. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive understanding of FBR and its correlative treatment strategy.
Mitigative effects of epigallocatechin gallate in terms of diminishing apoptosis and oxidative stress generated by the combination of lead and amyloid peptides in human neuronal cells
Authors: Ayyalasomayajula Neelima , Ajumeera Rajanna , Chellu Chetty S. , Challa Suresh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnvironmental exposure to lead (Pb) is reported to associate with the development of Alzheimer's disease, where the formation of β‐amyloid peptides (APs) of (1‐40), (1‐42), and (25‐35) is considered as the major risk factor. In this context, we aimed at investigating the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major flavonoid polyphenol available in green tea, in mitigating the individual and combined toxicity generated by Pb and β‐APs in terms of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuronal cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were exposed to Pb and β‐APs of (1‐40) and (25‐35) individually and in different combinations in the presence and absence of EGCG. The results indicated that EGCG mitigated both Pb‐ and β‐AP‐induced oxidative stress in scavenging reactive oxygen species and apoptosis by improving the expression levels of Bax and bcl2 and inhibiting annexin V and caspase‐3. Thus, our study shows that EGCG protects SH‐SY5Y cells against the cytotoxicity induced by Pb and β‐APs by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis.
The combination of granulocyte‐monocyte apheresis and vedolizumab: A new treatment option for ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lago Iago , Benítez José M. , Sempere Laura , Sáez‐González Esteban , Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel , de Zárate Jone O. , Cabriada José L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of combining granulocyte‐monocyte apheresis (GMA) and vedolizumab (VDZ) in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre pilot study included all UC patients receiving both GMA and VDZ. We recorded data on GMA sessions, demographic characteristics, and clinical response. Effectiveness was assessed 1 and 6 months after finishing the GMA using the partial Mayo score, C‐reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin levels. Data were also compiled on VDZ intensification, use of new immunomodulators and colectomy during follow‐up.ResultsEight patients were included (mean age 46 years; 63% female; mean disease duration, 132 months; 50% E3). GMA was started after a loss of response to VDZ in all cases (25% primary nonresponse and 75% secondary loss of response). All had previously received anti‐TNF agents. VDZ was prescribed as the second‐, third‐, or fourth‐line biologic in 37%, 50%, and 13% of cases, respectively. Patients had a mean baseline partial Mayo score of 7.5 (SD 2.1) and received a median of 15 GMA sessions (range 5‐38). After a median follow‐up of 7.5 months (IQR 5‐12), partial Mayo score decreased after 1 and 6 months (P = .01 and .06, respectively). Three patients (38%) achieved steroid‐free clinical remission and five (63%) withdrew VDZ. Colectomy rate was 38%. No adverse events were observed during the combination therapy.ConclusionsThis small case series suggests that combining GMA with VDZ could be a treatment option in selected cases of UC with an inadequate response to this biologic agent.
Retracted: Upregulated microRNA‐31 inhibits oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury through the JAK/STAT3 pathway by binding to PKD1 in mice with ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Jie , Lv Hui , Che Yu‐Qin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS), which is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality, is recognized as a major cerebrovascular disease. MicroRNA‐31 (miR‐31) was reported to participate in the progression of brain disease. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of miR‐31 on oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury in IS mice with the involvement of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) and the JAK/STAT3 pathway. C57BL/6J mice were used to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Astrocytes were transfected with miR‐31 mimic, miR‐31 inhibitor, si‐PKD1, or JAK‐STAT3 pathway inhibitor. Following the establishment of an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model, the astrocytes were cocultured with neuronal OGD. Lower miR‐31, higher PKD1 expressions, and activated JAK/STAT3 pathway were found in both the MCAO and OGD models. miR‐31 could negatively target PKD1. In an MCAO model, overexpressing miR‐31 and silencing PKD1 reduced neuronal injury, cerebral infarct volume, neuron loss, and oxidative stress injury, inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway and the expressions of PKD1, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, malondialdehyde, 4‐HNE, 8‐HOdG, caspase‐3, and Bax, but increased the superoxide dismutase content. In the OGD model, overexpression of miR‐31 and silencing of PKD1 attenuated oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury, and diminished the lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species level, accompanied by elevated neuronal viability. These results indicate that miR‐31 alleviates inflammatory response as well as an oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury in IS mice by downregulating PKD1 and JAK/STAT3 pathway.
DNA‐methylation‐mediated silencing of miR‐7‐5p promotes gastric cancer stem cell invasion via increasing Smo and Hes1
Authors: Xin Lin , Liu Li , Liu Chuan , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Zhou Qi , Yuan Yi‐Wu , Li Shi‐Hao , Zhang Hou‐Ting 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells are undifferentiated cancer cells that have self‐renewal ability, a high tumorigenic activity, and a multilineage differentiation potential. MicroRNAs play a critical role in regulating gene expression during carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐7 and the mechanism by which it is dysregulated in gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). The stem cell marker, CD44, was used to sort GCSCs by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. We found that CD44 (+) cells have higher invasiveness and form more number of sphere colonies than CD44 (−) cells. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the miR‐7‐5p expression was remarkably downregulated in GCSCs but was significantly increased in the methionine‐deprived medium. The downregulation of miR‐7‐5p results from the increased DNA methylation in the promoter region using the methylation‐specific PCR. Overexpression of miR‐7‐5p reduced the formation of colony and decreased the invasion of GCSCs through targeting Smo and Hes1 and subsequent repressing Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in vitro. Notably, upregulating miR‐7‐5p inhibited the growth of tumor in the xenograft model. Hence, these data demonstrated that miR‐7‐5p represses GCSC invasion through inhibition of Smo and Hes1, which provides a potential therapeutic target of gastric cancer treatment.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in HCV‐infected Japanese Subjects in Phase 3 CERTAIN‐1 and CERTAIN‐2 Trials
Authors: Suleiman Ahmed Abbas , Lin Chih‐Wei , Liu Wei , Eckert Doerthe , Mensing Sven , Burroughs Margaret , Kato Koji , Chayama Kazuaki , Kumada Hiromitsu , Oberoi Rajneet K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlecaprevir (GLE)/pibrentasvir (PIB) 300 mg/120 mg once daily (Mavyret/Maviret) is an all‐oral, pangenotypic, interferon‐ and ribavirin‐free combination regimen approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objective of the current analyses was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of GLE/PIB in HCV‐infected Japanese patients. Data from 332 subjects enrolled in 2 Japan phase 3 trials, CERTAIN‐1 and CERTAIN‐2, were used in the analyses. Pharmacokinetics of GLE/PIB were characterized using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. The analyses evaluated the impact of covariates (concomitant medications and demographic and clinical covariates such as renal impairment, effect of cirrhotic status) on GLE/PIB PK. GLE and PIB PK were described by 1‐ and 2‐compartment models, respectively. Presence of cirrhosis, age, and body weight were identified as significant covariates on GLE/PIB PK. A trend toward higher GLE and PIB exposures in older patients and higher PIB exposures in heavier patients was observed; however, these increases were not considered clinically meaningful. GLE and PIB exposures were higher in HCV‐infected subjects with cirrhosis (Child‐Pugh A; GLE area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 160% higher, and PIB area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 21% higher) compared to subjects without cirrhosis. Renal function (including subjects with end‐stage renal disease with dialysis) had no impact on GLE or PIB exposures. The GLE/PIB dose was well tolerated in the Japanese population, and no dose adjustment is needed for the evaluated intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Who is seeking antiretroviral treatment for HIV now? Characteristics of patients presenting in Kenya and South Africa in 2017‐2018
Authors: Brennan Alana T , Maskew Mhairi , Larson Bruce A , Tsikhutsu Isaac , Bii Margaret , Vezi Lungisile , Fox Matthew P , Venter Willem DF , Ehrenkranz Peter , Rosen Sydney 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionMany African countries have had at least two years’ experience with universal treatment eligibility for HIV. The literature contains few descriptions, though, of populations starting treatment since adoption of universal eligibility. Using baseline data from a clinical trial of same‐day ART initiation, we describe the populations presenting for HIV testing or care at study clinics in Kenya and South Africa in 2017‐18, during the era of same‐day initiation.MethodsThe Simplified Algorithm for Treatment Eligibility (SLATE) trials in Kenya (SLATE I) and South Africa (SLATE II) were multicenter, non‐blinded, individually randomized, pragmatic trials evaluating simple, standardized algorithms to determine eligibility for same‐day initiation of ART without relying on laboratory results, point of care tests or multiple clinic visits. In Kenya, enrolment occurred during July 2017 to April 2018. In South Africa, enrolment occurred during March to September 2018. We describe demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of patients randomized to the same‐day initiation arm for both studies.Results and DiscussionA total of 240 and 296 participants were enrolled in Kenya and South Africa. The majority were female (59% and 64% respectively), with a median age of 35 years. In both countries, most subjects were newly diagnosed with HIV on the day of enrolment (62%, 55%), believed they already had adequate knowledge to begin ART (78%, 68%), and preferred to start ART immediately (same‐day) (98% in both countries). About 40% of all patients had at least one symptom related to tuberculosis (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss) and/or cryptococcal meningitis (continuous headache). More than a third of patients (37%, 36%) presented with advanced disease (CD4 <200 cells/mm3), a fifth presented with very advanced disease (CD4 < 100), and approximately 1 in 20 presented with very advanced disease and were asymptomatic.ConclusionsDespite >2 years of universal eligibility for ART in Kenya and South Africa, in 2017‐2018 more than half of HIV‐positive patients presenting at public sector clinics were not yet aware of their status, and more than a third presented for care with advanced HIV disease. These proportions remain similar to those observed before the introduction of universal eligibility.
Myocardial velocity, intra‐, and interventricular dyssynchrony evaluated by tissue phase mapping in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Berhane Haben , Ruh Alexander , Husain Nazia , Robinson Joshua D. , Rigsby Cynthia K. , Markl Michael 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the standard method for detecting allograft rejection in pediatric heart transplants (Htx). As EMB is invasive and carries a risk of complications, there is a need for a noninvasive alternative for allograft monitoring.PurposeTo quantify left and right ventricular (LV & RV) peak velocities, velocity twist, and intra‐/interventricular dyssynchrony using tissue phase mapping (TPM) in pediatric Htx compared with controls, and to explore the relationship between global cardiac function parameters and the number of rejection episodes to these velocities and intra‐/interventricular dyssynchrony.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty Htx patients (age: 16.0 ± 3.1 years, 11 males) and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (age: 15.5 ± 4.3 years, nine males).Field Strength/Sequence5T; 2D balanced cine steady‐state free‐precession (bSSFP), TPM (2D cine phase contrast with three‐directional velocity encoding).AssessmentLV and RV circumferential, radial, and long‐axis velocity–time curves, global and segmental peak velocities were measured using TPM. Short‐axis bSSFP images were used to measure global LV and RV function parameters.Statistical TestsA normality test (Lilliefors test) was performed on all data. For comparisons, a t‐test was used for normally distributed data or a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test otherwise. Correlations were determined by a Pearson correlation.ResultsHtx patients had significantly reduced LV (P < 0.05–0.001) and RV (P < 0.05–0.001) systolic and diastolic global and segmental long‐axis velocities, reduced RV diastolic peak twist (P < 0.01), and presented with higher interventricular dyssynchrony for long‐axis and circumferential motions (P < 0.05–0.001). LV diastolic long‐axis dyssynchrony (r = 0.48, P = 0.03) and RV diastolic peak twist (r = –0.64, P = 0.004) significantly correlated with the total number of rejection episodes.Data ConclusionTPM detected differences in biventricular myocardial velocities in pediatric Htx patients compared with controls and indicated a relationship between Htx myocardial velocities and rejection history.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1212–1222.
MRI‐Derived Biomarkers Related to Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Codari Marina , Zanardo Moreno , di Sabato Maria Eugenia , Nocerino Elisabetta , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMRI allows quantitatively assessing muscle quantity and quality.PurposeTo summarize the role of MRI as a noninvasive technique for the identification of in vivo surrogate biomarker of sarcopenia.Study TypeSystematic review.PopulationIn April 2019, a systematic literature search (Medline/EMBASE) was performed to identify articles on the topic at issue.Field Strength/SequenceNo field strength or sequence restrictions.AssessmentAfter a literature search, study design, aim, sample size, demographics, magnetic field strength, imaged body region, MRI sequences, and imaging biomarker were extracted.Statistical TestsData are presented as frequencies and percentages.ResultsFrom 69 records identified through search query, 18 articles matched the inclusion criteria. All articles were published from 2012 and had a mainly prospective design (14/18, 78%). Sample size ranged from 9 to 284 subjects, for a total of 1706 enrolled subjects. Healthy subjects were enrolled or retrospectively selected in 8/18 (44%) articles, corresponding to 658 (39%) healthy subjects. Magnetic field strength was 1.5 or 3T in 14/18 (78%) studies. The most analyzed body regions were the thigh (7/18, 39%) and the trunk (6/18, 33%). Stratifying studies according to their aim, 13/18 (72%) studies focused on muscle quality and quantity, 3/18 (17%) studies on outcome prediction, and 2/18 articles (11%) addressed both aims. A wide set of MRI biomarkers have been proposed. Muscle cross‐sectional area was the most used for muscle quantity estimation, while quantitative biomarkers of muscle fat content or fiber architecture were proposed to assess muscle quality.Data ConclusionThe proposed biomarkers were assessed using different MRI sequences for different body regions in different subjects/patient cohorts, pointing out a lack of standardization on this topic. Future studies should test and compare the performance of proposed MRI biomarkers for sarcopenia characterization and quantification using a standardized experimental setup.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1117–1127.
Deep learning base modified MLP model for precise scattering parameter prediction of capacitive feed antenna
Authors: Calik Nurullah , Belen Mehmet Ali , Mahouti Peyman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe relations between the antennas' geometrical parameters and design specifications usually consist of linear and nonlinear components. Especially with the increase of the requested performance measures, the design procedure becomes much more complex due to the conflicting performance criteria or design limitations. To achieve a design with high performance with feasible design parameters, a fast, accurate, and reliable design optimization process is required. Herein, to have a fast, accurate, and high‐performance capacitive‐feed antenna model to be used in design optimization problems, a modified multi‐layer perceptron (M2LP) model has been proposed. The M2LP is an equivalent convolutional neural network (CNN) model of a standard multilayer perceptron (MLP), where instead of traditional training parameters of MLP, more advanced training parameters of CNN models such as batch‐norm layer, leaky‐rectified linear unit (ReLU) layer, and Adam training algorithm had been used. Furthermore, the M2LP model had been used in a design optimization process and the obtained optimal antenna had been prototyped using 3D printing technology for justification of the proposed M2LP model with experimental results. As can be seen from the results, the proposed M2LP model is a fast, accurate, and reliable regression model for design optimization of microwave antennas.