bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for an Amplified Precipitation Seasonal Cycle in the U.S. West Coast under Global Warming
Authors: Dong Lu , Leung L. Ruby , Lu Jian , Song Fengfei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The mean precipitation along the U.S. West Coast exhibits a pronounced seasonality change under warming. Here we explore the characteristics of the seasonality change and investigate the underlying mechanisms, with a focus on quantifying the roles of moisture (thermodynamic) versus circulation (dynamic). The multimodel simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show a simple “wet-get-wetter” response over Washington and Oregon but a sharpened seasonal cycle marked by a stronger and narrower wet season over California. Moisture budget analysis shows that changes in both regions are predominantly caused by changes in the mean moisture convergence. The thermodynamic effect due to the mass convergence of increased moisture dominates the wet-get-wetter response over Washington and Oregon. In contrast, mean zonal moisture advection due to seasonally dependent changes in land–sea moisture contrast originating from the nonlinear Clausius–Clapeyron relation dominates the sharpened wet season over California. More specifically, the stronger climatological land–sea thermal contrast in winter with warmer ocean than land results in more moisture increase over ocean than land under warming and hence wet advection to California. However, in fall and spring, the future change of land–sea thermal contrast with larger warming over land than ocean induces an opposite moisture gradient and hence dry advection to California. These results have important implications for projecting changes in the hydrological cycle of the U.S. West Coast.
Pilot study evaluating a non-titrating, weight-based anticoagulation scheme for patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Deatrick Kristopher B , Galvagno Samuel M , Mazzeffi Michael A , Kaczoroswki David J , Herr Daniel L , Rector Raymond , Hochberg Eric , Rabinowitz Ronald P , Scalea Thomas M , Menaker Jay 
Published: May 2019

Objective: There is no universally accepted algorithm for anticoagulation in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare a non-titrating weight-based heparin infusion to that of a standard titration algorithm. Methods: We performed a prospective randomized non-blinded study of patients: Arm 1—standard practice of titrating heparin to activated partial thromboplastin times goal of 45-55 seconds, and Arm 2—a non-titrating weight-based (10 units/kg/h) infusion. Primary outcome was need for oxygenator/circuit changes. Secondary outcomes included differences in hemolysis and bleeding episodes. Descriptive statistics were performed for the continuous data, and primary and secondary outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Results: Six patients were randomized to Arm 1 and four to Arm 2. There was no difference in age, pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, peak inspiratory pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure at time of cannulation, time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or survival to hospital discharge in the two arms. Arm 1 had a statistically higher median activated partial thromboplastin times (48 (43, 52) vs 38 (35, 42), p < 0.008) and lower LDH (808 units/L (727, 1112) vs 940 units/L (809, 1137), p = 0.02) than Arm 2. There was no difference in plasma hemoglobin (4.3 (2.5, 8.7) vs 4.3 (3.0, 7.3), p = 0.65) between the two arms. There was no difference in mean oxygenator/circuit change, transfused packed red blood cell, or documented bleeding complications per patient in each arm (p = 0.56, 0.43, 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: In this pilot study, a non-titrating, weight-based heparin infusion appears safe and as effective in preventing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit thrombotic complications as compared to a titration algorithm. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
The Working Mind: A Meta-Analysis of a Workplace Mental Health and Stigma Reduction Program
Authors: Dobson Keith S. , Szeto Andrew , Knaak Stephanie 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: This article describes a meta-analysis of The Working Mind, a program that was developed to address workplace mental health. The basic program addresses issues related to stigma in the workplace, the use of a mental health continuum model to evaluate signs and indicators of mental illness, and the development of coping skills. A manager version further addresses issues such as how to work with an employee who struggles with mental health issues, workplace accommodations, and overall management issues. Methods: A total of 8 replications evaluated program effects on stigma, self-reported resilience, and coping abilities. Results: The implementation of the program was associated with moderate reductions in stigma and increased self-reported resilience and coping abilities. These results were generally consistent across settings and showed nonsignificant differences when various potential moderators of the program were evaluated (e.g., employees versus managers, public versus private sector, gender, age). Qualitative comments collected at the end of the program suggested that many program participants found the program to be helpful and that the skills were being employed. Conclusions: Directions for future research, including the need for a randomized trial of The Working Mind, are discussed. Overall, the results suggest that the program is successful in its aims, but further inquiry is encouraged.
Impact of elevated HbA1c on long-term mortality in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction in daily clinical practice: insights from a ‘real world’ prospective registry of the Zwolle Myocardial Infarction Study Group
Authors: Hermanides Renicus S , Kennedy Mark W , Kedhi Elvin , van Dijk Peter R , Timmer Jorik R , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Dambrink Jan-Henk , Gosselink AT Marcel , Roolvink Vincent , Miedema Kor , Slingerland Robbert J , Koopmans Petra , Bilo Henk JG , van ’t Hof Arnoud WJ 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Long-term clinical outcome is less well known in up to presentation persons unknown with diabetes mellitus who present with acute myocardial infarction and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels on admission. We aimed to study the prognostic impact of deranged HbA1c at presentation on long-term mortality in patients not known with diabetes, presenting with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods:
A single-centre, large, prospective observational study in patients with and without known diabetes admitted to our hospital for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI. Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus was defined as HbA1c of 48 mmol/l or greater and pre-diabetes mellitus was defined as HbA1c between 39 and 47 mmol/l. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at short (30 days) and long-term (median 52 months) follow-up.

Results:
Out of 7900 acute myocardial infarction patients studied, 1314 patients (17%) were known diabetes patients. Of the 6586 patients without known diabetes, 3977 (60%) had no diabetes, 2259 (34%) had pre-diabetes and 350 (5%) had newly diagnosed diabetes based on HbA1c on admission. Both short-term (3.9% vs. 7.4% vs. 6.0%, p&lt;0.001) and long-term mortality (19% vs. 26% vs. 35%, p&lt;0.001) for both pre-diabetes patients as well as newly diagnosed diabetes patients was poor and comparable to known diabetes patients. After multivariate analysis, newly diagnosed diabetes was independently associated with long-term mortality (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.34, P=0.001).

Conclusions:
In the largest study to date, newly diagnosed or pre-diabetes was present in 33% of acute myocardial infarction patients and was associated with poor long-term clinical outcome. Newly diagnosed diabetes (HbA1c ⩾48 mmol/mol) is an independent predictor of long-term mortality. More attention to early detection of diabetic status and initiation of blood glucose-lowering treatment is necessary.
Family history of coronary artery disease is associated with acute coronary syndrome in 28,188 chest pain patients
Authors: Wahrenberg Agnes , Magnusson Patrik KE , Discacciati Andrea , Ljung Lina , Jernberg Tomas , Frick Mats , Linder Rickard , Svensson Per 
Published: May 2019

Background:
The value of family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in chest pain patients is uncertain, especially in relation to high-sensitivity assays for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), which have improved ACS diagnostics. Our objective was to investigate the association between verified family history of CAD and ACS in chest pain patients, overall and in different strata of initial hs-cTnT.

Methods:
Data on chest pain patients visiting four emergency departments in Sweden during 2013–2016 were cross-referenced with national registers of kinship, diseases and prescriptions. Family history of early CAD was defined as the occurrence of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization before the age of 55 years in male and 65 years in female first-degree relatives. The outcome was combined including ACS and cardiovascular death within 30 days of presentation.

Results:
Of 28,188 patients, 4.7% of patients had ACS. In total, 8.2% and 32.4% had a family history of early and ever-occurring CAD, respectively. Family history of CAD was positively associated with the outcome, independently of age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors and electrocardiogram findings. The strongest association was observed for family history of early CAD (odds ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.35–1.94). Stronger associations were observed in young patients (e.g. &lt;65 years) and in patients with non-elevated initial hs-cTnT levels (p-value for interaction = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Family history of CAD is associated with ACS in chest pain patients, especially in patients of young age or with non-elevated initial hs-cTnT levels.
Introduction
Authors: Orsini Francesca , Marzagora Sara , Laachir Karima 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAgainst the nationalist production of monolingual literary histories, this introduction to the special section “Multilingual Locals” urges literary and intellectual historians to “place languages back into dialogue.” Colonialism did not always affect, let alone silence, cultural actors, but it did introduce a language ideology that associated one language to one community, and vice versa. Comparing the precolonial and the colonial period entails looking at multilingual systems, whose internal hierarchies and regional/transnational power dynamics evolved in time, but without reducing the plurality of languages involved. The essay suggests different ways in which we can place languages back into dialogue. One is looking at multilingual traces within a given text; another approach moves beyond the text to explore how multilingual canons and curricula were embodied in individuals or coexisted within the same social space. A third approach is an analysis of circuits and circulation. Finally, multilingualism can be turned into the plural as a study of comparative multilingualisms. Through these and other approaches, we can trace how colonial languages reorganized multilingual language systems but were far from replacing them, contrary to the stated objectives of monolingual nationalist ideologies.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay introduces a special section dedicated to examining the history and culture of automobility, considering a quartet of essays on Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya and Algeria, and Syria. Jumping off from the work of Palestinian artist Jumana Manna to examine the motor vehicle as a multifaceted and ambiguous site of social experience and analytical possibility, the essay then sets the four essays that compose the section into the extant literature.
History in Pakistan and the Will to Architecture
Authors: Moffat Chris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This essay serves as both an introduction to the themed section and a provocation regarding a possible agenda for the anthropology of history in Pakistan. It considers the implications of Faisal Devji's argument that unity in Pakistan was originally pursued through a rejection of history, suggesting that attempts to identify an inheritance—to articulate the form and nature of a responsibility to the past—have proved intellectually and politically productive following the country's establishment in 1947 and its further rupture in 1971. It considers how Pakistan's unsettled relationship to the past is mediated through architecture—as professional practice, as physical object, but also as metaphor for thought. Arguing that public history projects in the country evince a “will to architecture”—the desire to erect a stable edifice in the face of a vertiginous historicity—it then explores heritage-making practices that manage to challenge or subvert this compulsion to foundation.
1971
Authors: Mookherjee Nayanika 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The formation of Bangladesh in 1971 coincided with the death of three million people and rape of two hundred thousand women (according to official and contested figures) by the West Pakistani army and local East Pakistani collaborators. Yet 1971 rarely exists in any public form in Pakistan and there is no “will to architecture” in relation to it. This essay explores the phenomenon of “apparent amnesia” of the past that is 1971 in Pakistan. What implications does consigning 1971 to oblivion have for Pakistan's history? This essay seeks to examine the politics of knowing what not to narrate in relation to the disavowed pasts of 1971 in Pakistan. It draws on long-term ethnographic research on the public memories and nationalist narratives of sexual violence during the Bangladesh war of 1971, along with discussions with various Pakistani scholars and students and engagement with historical sources, government documents, textbooks, blog posts, press articles, and other secondary materials. This gives us an insight into what implications 1971 has for the understandings of apology and forgiveness in relation to the shadowy pasts of Pakistan.
An Elephant in the Room
Authors: Devji Faisal 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Torn between a futurist vision of Pakistan, on one hand, and the desire for a conventionally historical narrative about its founding on the other, Muslim nationalism has always faced its past in the form of impossibility. As Devji discusses in this afterword, the essays in the special section “The Past for Pakistan” explore Pakistan's tormented relationship with history each in its own way, and whether this past is given the name of India or Islam. If Salma Siddique writes about the undecidability of origins in cinematic culture, Shruti Kapila demonstrates how Pakistan was imagined outside its own ideology and categories. Where Nayanika Mookherjee explores the different forms of historical amnesia and memory that define nationality in both wings of what was once Pakistan, Chris Moffat writes about the commemoration of transient and non-national pasts in the country's present.
Management of infected diabetic wound: a scoping review of guidelines
Authors: Tchero Huidi , Kangambega Pauline , Fluieraru Sergiu , Bekara Farid , Teot Luc 
Published: May 2019

Background: Various international guidelines and recommendations are available for management of diabetic foot infections. We present a review of the guidelines and recommendations for management of these infections. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, and national health bodies. Based on the review of fifteen documents, we present details on the importance of suspecting and diagnosing skin, superficial infections, and bone infections in diabetics. Results: The guidelines recommend classifying the infections based on severity to guide the treatment. While antibiotics have shown the best results, other treatments like hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative wound pressure have been debated. It is suggested that a team of specialists should be in-charge of managing the infected wounds. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2012 guidelines are widely followed world-over. All guidelines and reviews have consistent suggestions on the assessment of the severity of infection, diagnosis, start, selection, and duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: It is reasonable to conclude that the IDSA 2012 guidelines are commonly followed across the world. There is a consensus among the Australian guidelines, Canadian guidelines, IDSA 2012, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015, and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) 2016 guidelines on the management of infected wounds for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Comparison of maximum likelihood, support vector machines, and random forest techniques in satellite images classification
Authors: Valero Medina José Antonio , Alzate Atehortúa Beatriz Elena 
Published: May 2019

Context: Nowadays, the images of the Earth surface and the algorithms for their classification are widely available. In particular, the algorithms are promising in the differentiating of cotton crops stages, but it is necessary to establish the capabilities of the different algorithms in order to identify their advantages, and disadvantages.
Method: This paper describes the assessment process in which the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and random-forest technique (decision trees) are compared with the maximum likelihood estimation when differentiating the stages of cotton crops. A RapidEye satellite image of a geographic area in the municipality of San Pelayo, Cordoba (Colombia), is used for the study. Using a set of sampling polygons, a random sample of 6000 pixels was taken (2000 training and 4000 for validating the classifications.) Confusion matrices, and R (data processing and analysis software) were used during the validation process
Results: The maximun likelihood estimation presented a correct classification percentage of 68.95%. SVM correctly classified 81.325% of the cases and the decision trees correctly classified 78.925%. The confidence test for the classifications showed non-overlapping intervals, and SVM obtained the highest values.
Conclusions: It was possible to confirm the superiority of the technique based on support vector machines for the proposed verification zones. However, this technique requires a number of classes that comprehensively represent the variations of the image (in order to guarantee a minimum number of support vectors) to avoid confusion in the classification of non-sampled areas. This was less evident in the other two classification techniques analysed.
Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with a novel mutation in coronin 1A
Authors: Ovadia Adi , Kim Vy Hong-Diep , Reid Brenda , Dadi Harjit , Pham-Huy Anne , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Coronin 1A is part of a family of highly conserved actin regulatory proteins with key roles in T cell homeostasis and T cell receptor signaling. Null mutations in coronin 1A result in severe combined immunodeficiency, whereas hypomorphic mutations have been associated with a somewhat milder immunological phenotype. Nevertheless, all patients described so far have markedly reduced naïve peripheral T cells, impaired T cell responses to mitogens, and limited T cell receptor diversity. Interestingly, despite poor thymic output, thymus architecture appears normal. To date, only 2 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been reported in coronin 1A deficiency. Aim: To describe the identification, transplantation course, and long term outcome of a Canadian Inuit patient diagnosed with coronin 1A deficiency. Methods: Patient chart review was performed in accordance with institutional research ethics approval. A combination of immunological investigations and molecular genetic analyses were utilized to identify a novel mutation in the tryptophan-aspartate repeat region of coronin 1A. Based on the patient’s profound T cell dysfunction, the decision was made to proceed with HSCT. Results: The patient presented with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, otitis media, and developmental delay involving poor axial and peripheral muscle tone. Axillary lymphadenopathy was noted and subsequent thymus biopsy revealed aberrant CD7+ T cell deficiency. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens and T cell receptor excision circle levels were markedly reduced, consistent with the diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger confirmation revealed a novel mutation in coronin 1A. HSCT using a HLA-matched unrelated donor resulted in long term engraftment and solid immune reconstitution. Conclusion: Very few patients with coronin 1A deficiency have been described to date, making it difficult to evaluate its natural history and management. Here, we describe the presentation, identification, transplantation, and outcome in our patient. Statement of novelty: We describe the successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation course and outcome in a patient with a novel mutation in coronin 1A.
Effect of different coupling agents on the thermal, mechanical and biological behavior of vinyl acetate-wood polymer composite
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Asghari Aghmashhadi Zahra , Amininasab Seyed Mojtaba , Abedini Raoufeh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Poplar wood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was modified by a combined two-step treatment with different chemicals to improve its properties. Maleic anhydride (MAN), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMPS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were first employed to modify wood cell wall resulting in WMAN, WTMPS and WGMA. Then, in a second step, the vinyl acetate (VA) monomer was let to polymerize within the cell lumina resulting in WPCMAN/VA, WPCTMPS/VA and WPCGMA/VA (WPCs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations confirmed the bulking of modified cell walls. The thermal stability, mechanical properties and decay resistance of WPCs were remarkably improved compared to unmodified wood in the order WPCGMA/VA >  WPCTMPS/VA > WPCMAN/VA. WPCMAN/VA displayed a significant decay resistance increment, despite lower retention and reactivity than the WPCTMPS/VA, which is probably due to a better penetration into the cell wall and the higher degree of chemical modification of the wood components.
Measurement of mechanical properties of multilayer waterborne coatings on wood by nanoindentation
Authors: Wu Yan , Wu Jiamin , Wang Siqun , Feng Xinhao , Chen Hong , Tang Qinwen , Zhang Haiqiao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Waterborne coatings are widely used for environmental protection. However, they lead to many defects and lower the mechanical properties when applied to wood surfaces. To address this challenge, the effects of multilayer waterborne polycrylic coatings on the mechanical properties of southern pine cell walls were investigated by nanoindentation. The experimental results indicated that the coating layers significantly reduced the elastic modulus (E
r

) and hardness (H) values than the wood cell walls. The E
r

and H values measured along the coating layer thickness direction increased significantly as the distance of the indents to the wood surface decreased. Intact cell walls adjacent to or away from the coating layers had higher E
r

and H values than partial ones. This study will also be useful in helping to understand the bonding mechanism at the interface between coatings and wood cell walls.