bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Grüneisen Parameter in Supercooled Water
Authors: O. Gomes Gabriel , Stanley H. Eugene , Souza Mariano de 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe use the recently-proposed compressible cell Ising-like model to estimate the ratio between thermal expansivity and specific heat (the Grüneisen parameter Γs) in supercooled water. Near the critical pressure and temperature, Γs becomes significantly sensitive to thermal fluctuations of the order-parameter, a characteristic behavior of pressure-induced critical points. Such enhancement of Γs indicates that two energy scales are governing the system, namely the coexistence of high- and low-density liquids, which become indistinguishable at the critical point in the supercooled phase. The temperature dependence of the compressibility, sound velocity and pseudo-Grüneisen parameter Γw are also reported. Our findings support the proposed liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water in the No-Man’s Land regime, and indicates possible applications of this model to other systems. In particular, an application of the model to the qualitative behavior of the Ising-like nematic phase in Fe-based superconductors is also presented.
Mice with an autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease mutation in both dynein alleles display severe moto-sensory phenotypes
Authors: Nandini Swaran , Conley Calderon Jami L. , Sabblah Thywill T. , Love Rachal , King Linda E. , King Stephen J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common peripheral neuromuscular disorder worldwide. The axonal degeneration in CMT causes distal muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in gait problems and difficulties with basic motor coordination skills. A mutation in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DHC) gene was discovered to cause an autosomal dominant form of the disease designated Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease (CMT2O) in 2011. The mutation is a single amino acid change of histidine into arginine at amino acid 306 (H306R) in DHC. We previously generated a knock-in mouse carrying the corresponding CMT2O mutation (H304R) and examined the heterozygous H304R/+offspring in a variety of motor skills and histological assays. Here we report the initial characterization of the homozygous H304R/R mouse, which is the first homozygous mutant DHC mouse to survive past the neonatal stage. We show that H304R/R mice have significantly more severe disease symptoms than the heterozygous H304R/+mice. The H304R/R mice have significant defects in motor skills, including grip strength, motor coordination, and gait and also related defects in neuromuscular junction architecture. Furthermore, the mice have defects in sensation, another aspect of CMT disease. Our results show that the H304R/+ and H304R/R mice will be important models for studying the onset and progression of both heterozygous and homozygous CMT disease alleles.
Freshwater phytoplankton: biotransformation of inorganic arsenic to methylarsenic and organoarsenic
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Papry Rimana Islam , Ikeda Eri , Omori Yoshiki , Mashio Asami S. , Maki Teruya , Rahman M. Azizur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms of arsenic (As) species have been active research topics because of their significance to environmental and human health. Biotransformation of As in phytoplankton has been extensively studied. However, how different growth phases of phytoplankton impact As biotransformation in them remains uncertain. This study investigated the biotransformation of As species in freshwater phytoplankton at different growth phases to ascertain at which growth phase different types of biotransformation occur. At the logarithmic growth phase, arsenate (AsV) (>90%) and arsenite (AsIII) (>80%) predominated in culture media when phytoplankton were exposed to 20 nmol L−1 and 1.0 µmol L−1 of AsV, respectively, and methylarsenic (methylAs) species were not detected in them at all. Intracellular As was mainly present in inorganic forms (iAs) at the logarithmic phase, while substantial amounts of organoarsenic (orgAs) species were detected at the stationary phase. At the stationary phase, AsV comprised the majority of the total As in culture media, followed by AsIII and methylAs, although the methylation of AsV occurred slowly at the stationary phase. Biotransformation of AsV into AsIII and As methylation inside phytoplankton cells occurred mainly at the logarithmic phase, while the biotransformation of As into complex orgAs compounds occurred at the stationary phase. Phytoplankton rapidly released iAs and methylAs species out of their cells at the logarithmic phase, while orgAs mostly remained inside their cells.
Functional Geometry of Human Connectomes
Authors: Tadić Bosiljka , Andjelković Miroslav , Melnik Roderick 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMapping the brain imaging data to networks, where nodes represent anatomical brain regions and edges indicate the occurrence of fiber tracts between them, has enabled an objective graph-theoretic analysis of human connectomes. However, the latent structure on higher-order interactions remains unexplored, where many brain regions act in synergy to perform complex functions. Here we use the simplicial complexes description of human connectome, where the shared simplexes encode higher-order relationships between groups of nodes. We study consensus connectome of 100 female (F-connectome) and of 100 male (M-connectome) subjects that we generated from the Budapest Reference Connectome Server v3.0 based on data from the Human Connectome Project. Our analysis reveals that the functional geometry of the common F&M-connectome coincides with the M-connectome and is characterized by a complex architecture of simplexes to the 14th order, which is built in six anatomical communities, and linked by short cycles. The F-connectome has additional edges that involve different brain regions, thereby increasing the size of simplexes and introducing new cycles. Both connectomes contain characteristic subjacent graphs that make them 3/2-hyperbolic. These results shed new light on the functional architecture of the brain, suggesting that insightful differences among connectomes are hidden in their higher-order connectivity.
The reimplantation valve-sparing aortic root replacement technique for patients with Marfan syndrome: A single-center experience
Authors: Kremer Jamila , Farag Mina , Zaradzki Marcin , Szabó Gabor , Ruhparwar Arjang , Kallenbach Klaus , Karck Matthias , Arif Rawa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractValve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) through reimplantation technique is widely regarded as optimal surgical approach for Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients. Perioperative and long-term data from all MFS patients undergoing VSARR using David’s technique at our center from 2007–2018 were analyzed. We included 56 patients with a mean age of 32.3 ± 12.3 years. Logistic EuroSCORE was 7.96 ± 5.2. Among others concomitant surgical procedures included aortic arch surgery (8.9%), mitral valve repair (23.2%) and replacement (1.7%). There were no operative deaths, nor in-hospital-mortality. One patient underwent re-exploration for bleeding, dialysis and pacemaker implantation was required in one case each. There was no occurrence of low-output syndrome nor neurological complications. Significant gender differences were not found, except for intraoperative blood transfusion occurring significantly more often in the female gender (p = 0.009). Despite significantly longer procedural times, concomitant surgery did not negatively impact overall outcome. Freedom of reoperation of the aortic root was 100% at 1 year, 97.7% at 8 years. Until last follow-up (61 ± 38 month) all patients survived, with no evidence of endocarditis. We emphasize once more that VSARR using David’s procedure is a safe method for MFS patients with excellent long-term results even if concomitant procedures are performed.
Isolation and characterization of a novel oligomeric proanthocyanidin with significant anti-cancer activities from grape stems (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Sei-ichi Kawahara , Toda Kazuya , Matsumoto Kiriko , Ishihara Chisato , Nonobe Shuhei , Matsunaga Chisato , Gomi Yoshika K. , Senga Shogo , Kawaguchi Koichiro , Yamamoto Ayaka , Suwannachot Jutalak , Noda Reiko , Kobayashi Shuhei , Hamauzu Yasunori , Makabe Hidefumi , Fujii Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNovel proanthocyanidin fractions from grape stem extracts were purified using Amberlite XAD-1180N, Sephadex-LH-20, Toyopearl HW40F and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two key compounds were estimated as epigallocatechin-(epicatechin)7 gallate using electron-spray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Epigallocatechin-(epicatechin)7 gallate (compound 1) showed significant anti-cancer activity in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. In particular, compound 1 suppressed the gene expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), which is involved in promoting cell proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer cells.
Compact and highly-confined spoof surface plasmon polaritons with fence-shaped grooves
Authors: Ping Richeng , Ma Hong , Cai Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a compact and highly-confined spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with fence-shaped grooves is proposed. By adding the metal strips that similar to the fence on the basis of T-grooves, the waves can be confined more tightly as the propagation paths of current are effectively increased, which leads to a reduction of the height of SSPPs units by 48.4% compared to the rectangular grooves. Moreover, compared with conventional SSPPs units mentioned before, the proposed design exhibits the strongest confinement to EM waves. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed unit, a corresponding transmission line is simulated and fabricated. Both simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which show the superior performance of this structure. Meanwhile, due to the simplicity and effectiveness, this proposed structure has a great research and application prospects in developing the miniaturized devices and circuits.
Circular RNA MYLK serves as an oncogene to promote cancer progression via microRNA-195/cyclin D1 axis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Duan Xiaohui , Shen Na , Chen Jie , Wang Jing , Zhu Qinghua , Zhai Zhihai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common aggressive head and neck cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression profile and biological role of circMYLK in LSCC. We found that circMYLK was highly expressed in LSCC tissues and cell lines. circMYLK overexpression promoted LSCC cell proliferation and G1/S cell cycle transition; whereas circMYLK knockdown had the contrary effects. Mechanistically, circMYLK can serve as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-195 to increase cyclin D1 expression in LSCC, and rescue experiments further showed that restoration of miR-195 could block the oncogenic role of circMYLK in LSCC. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the circMYLK/miR-195/cyclin D1 regulatory axis could affect the proliferation and cell cycle progression of LSCC cells, and may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of LSCC.
Down-regulated circPAPPA suppresses the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells via the miR-384/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Wang Huiyan , Yang Jingjing , Long Wei , Zhang Bin , Liu Jianbing , Yu Bin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is the main cause of maternal death in primipara, and commonly results in severe maternal and neonatal complications such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. However, the exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been shown to be extensively involved in numerous physiological processes, but there is limited knowledge of their functions and mechanisms in PE. In the present study, we found the expression of a circRNA, hsa_circ_0088227 (circRNA of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, circPAPPA), was down-regulated in both placenta and plasma samples from subjects with PE. Knockdown of circPAPPA led to decreased proliferation and invasion in HTR8-S/Vneo trophoblast cells. miR-384 was identified as a direct target of circPAPPA, and the gene encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was targeted by miR-384. We found that miR-384 was unregulated in PE, and overexpression of miR-384 could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, we showed that the expression of STAT3 was decreased with knockdown of circPAPPA or the overexpression of miR-384 in trophoblast cells, but this decrease was partially reversed when co-transfection was performed with mimics of miR-384 inhibitor and si-circPAPPA. Together, these results suggest that down-regulation of circPAPPA facilitates the onset and development of PE by suppressing trophoblast cells, with involvement of the miR-384/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our study significantly increases the understanding of the occurrence and development of PE, and also provides a molecular target for the treatment of this disorder.
Autophagy in the mammalian nervous system: a primer for neuroscientists
Authors: Suomi Fumi , McWilliams Thomas G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Autophagy refers to the lysosomal degradation of damaged or superfluous components and is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue integrity. This evolutionarily conserved process is particularly vital to mammalian post-mitotic cells such as neurons, which face unique logistical challenges and must sustain homoeostasis over decades. Defective autophagy has pathophysiological importance, especially for human neurodegeneration. The present-day definition of autophagy broadly encompasses two distinct yet related phenomena: non-selective and selective autophagy. In this minireview, we focus on established and emerging concepts in the field, paying particular attention to the physiological significance of macroautophagy and the burgeoning world of selective autophagy pathways in the context of the vertebrate nervous system. By highlighting established basics and recent breakthroughs, we aim to provide a useful conceptual framework for neuroscientists interested in autophagy, in addition to autophagy enthusiasts with an eye on the nervous system.
Using Polygenic Profiles to Predict Variation in Language and Psychosocial Outcomes in Early and Middle Childhood
Authors: Newbury Dianne F. , Gibson Jenny L. , Conti-Ramsden Gina , Pickles Andrew , Durkin Kevin , Toseeb Umar 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Children with poor language tend to have worse psychosocial outcomes compared to their typically developing peers. The most common explanations for such adversities focus on developmental psychological processes whereby poor language triggers psychosocial difficulties. Here, we investigate the possibility of shared biological effects by considering whether the same genetic variants, which are thought to influence language development, are also predictors of elevated psychosocial difficulties during childhood.

Method

Using data from the U.K.-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we created a number of multi–single-nucleotide polymorphism polygenic profile scores, based on language and reading candidate genes (
ATP2C2, CMIP, CNTNAP2, DCDC2, FOXP2,
and
KIAA0319,
1,229 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in a sample of 5,435 children.

Results

A polygenic profile score for expressive language (8 years) that was created in a discovery sample (
n
= 2,718) predicted not only expressive language (8 years) but also peer problems (11 years) in a replication sample (
n
= 2,717).

Conclusions
These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of such a polygenic approach in child language research when larger data sets become available. Our indicative findings suggest consideration should be given to concurrent intervention targeting both linguistic and psychosocial development as early language interventions may not stave off later psychosocial difficulties in children.
The optical and NIR spectrum of the Crab pulsar with X-shooter
Authors: Sollerman J. , Selsing J. , Vreeswijk P. M. , Lundqvist P. , Nyholm A. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Pulsars are well studied all over the electromagnetic spectrum, and the Crab pulsar may be the most studied object in the sky. Nevertheless, a high-quality optical to near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of the Crab or any other pulsar has not been published to date.
Aims. Obtaining a properly flux-calibrated spectrum enables us to measure the spectral index of the pulsar emission, without many of the caveats from previous studies. This was the main aim of this project, but in addition we could also detect absorption and emission features from the pulsar and nebula over an unprecedentedly wide wavelength range.
Methods. A spectrum was obtained with the X-shooter spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. Special care was given to the flux-calibration of these data.
Results. A high signal-to-noise spectrum of the Crab pulsar was obtained from 300 nm to 2400 nm. The spectral index fit to this spectrum is flat with αν = 0.16 ± 0.07. For the emission lines we measured a maximum velocity of ∼1600 km s−1, whereas the absorption lines from the material between us and the pulsar is unresolved at the ∼50 km s−1 resolution. A number of diffuse interstellar bands and a few NIR emission lines that have previously not been reported from the Crab are highlighted.
Traumatische und posttraumatische Deformität der thorakalen und lumbalen Wirbelsäule
Authors: Pajenda Gholam , Mousavi Mehdi 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie frische traumatische Deformität der thorakalen und lumbalen Wirbelsäule bedarf einer gründlichen Analyse des Verletzungsmusters. Die systematische Anwendung von Frakturklassifikationen liefert ausreichend Hinweise auf die Instabilität der Fraktur. Die Art der erforderlichen Versorgung ist vom Ausmaß der Wirbelkörper- und Bandscheibendestruktion sowie der Verletzung der dorsal zuggurtenden Elemente der Wirbelsäule abhängig. Die Entwicklung neuer Operationsmethoden, wie der endoskopisch-assistierten Chirurgie, sowie besserer Implantate haben neue Ansätze für das Management von schweren Wirbelkörperfrakturen ermöglicht.Die posttraumatische Kyphose entsteht infolge einer in Fehlstellung verheilten Fraktur oder nach Bildung einer Pseudarthrose. Abhängig vom Grad der zu korrigierenden Deformität stehen die Möglichkeiten einer anatomischen Rekonstruktion des Wirbelsäulenprofils über die kombinierten dorso-ventralen Zugänge und die dorsal verkürzenden Osteotomien wie Smith Petersen Osteotomie, Ponte Osteotomie oder Pedikelsubtraktionsosteotomie mit unterschiedlichem Korrekturpotential zur Auswahl. Mit einer individuellen Risikoanalyse und adäquaten Operationsplanung können die Komplikationen reduziert und zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse erreicht werden.
Adulte Skoliosen
Authors: Hartmann Sebastian , Abramović Anto , Thomé Claudius 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch die global alternde Bevölkerung tritt die degenerative Lumbalskoliose (DLS) im Erwachsenenalter immer mehr in den Vordergrund und repräsentiert somit einen Großteil der spinalen Deformitäten. Durch die schleichende Progredienz der Erkrankung entsteht ein massiver Leidensdruck der Patienten. Die konservative Therapie der DLS zeigt ernüchternde Resultate, weshalb bei Versagen der nicht-chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte häufig die operative Therapie indiziert wird. Neben relativ simplen Dekompressionen für milde Formen der DLS mit isolierten klaudikativen bzw. radikulären Beschwerden, können komplexe und komplikationsreiche Wirbelkörperosteotomien sowie kombinierte ventro-dorsale Eingriffe zur Anwendung kommen. Klassifikationssysteme und Einteilungen dienen zur Graduierung der Deformität und können bei der Wahl der adäquaten operativen Technik bzw. dem Ausmaß des operativen Eingriffs hilfreich sein. Neben der primären koronaren Korrektur sollte insbesondere eine sagittale Korrektur erfolgen, da das sagittale Profil einen engen Zusammenhang mit der Patientenzufriedenheit aufweist und zudem Einfluss auf die Progression der Deformität haben kann. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick zur degenerativen Lumbalskoliose als Hauptvertreter der adulten Skoliosen und ihren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten geben.
Pilotprojekt zur Stärkung der ambulanten Palliativversorgung
im Land Brandenburg – Analyse von Dokumentationsdaten der allgemeinen
ambulanten Palliativversorgung
Authors: Mühlensiepen Felix , von Peter Sebastian , Thoma Samuel , Marschke Judith , Rozanski Frank , Neugebauer Edmund , Heinze Martin 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Quantitative Daten zur allgemeinen ambulanten
Palliativversorgung (AAPV) in Deutschland sind rar. In 2 Regionen Brandenburgs
wurde ein Pilotprojekt zur Stärkung der ambulanten Palliativversorgung
realisiert und evaluiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, anhand von
Dokumentationsdaten aus dem Pilotprojekt einen Einblick in die AAPV zu
erarbeiten: Wie wurde die AAPV im Pilotprojekt umgesetzt? Wie unterscheidet sich
die Umsetzung der AAPV in den 2 Projektregionen?
Material und Methoden Die Studie basiert auf der retrospektiven Analyse
von 108 Patientendatensätzen, die von 13 Ärzten in 2 Regionen
Brandenburgs mithilfe der Software PalliDoc® dokumentiert
wurden. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit deskriptiven statistischen Verfahren
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Jeder beteiligte Arzt dokumentierte die Versorgung von
durchschnittlich 7,7 Patienten während des Beobachtungszeitraums.
Insgesamt wurde bei ca. 66% der Patienten eine Tumorerkrankung als
Hauptdiagnose dokumentiert. Die durchschnittliche Versorgungsdauer von Patienten
betrug 171,3 Tage. Ärzte dokumentierten im Mittel 9,1 Kontakte je
Patient. Im Durchschnitt dauerten Patientenkontakte 20:28 Min. Der
durchschnittliche Regelanfahrtsweg zum Patienten betrug 9,3 Kilometer.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Umsetzung
der AAPV stark von regionalen Gegebenheiten sowie den vorhandenen Angeboten der
Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung abhängt. Im Vergleich mit Daten zur
Evaluation von SAPV-Teams aus anderen Bundesländern zeigt sich, dass die
Betreuung in der AAPV im Pilotprojekt länger andauerte und ein
größerer Anteil der Patienten ohne onkologische Grunderkrankung
versorgt wurde, als in der SAPV.
Interventional Techniques for the Ablation and Augmentation of Extraspinal Lytic Bone Metastases
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Feinberg Nicholas , Lea William B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn addition to being a major source of cancer-related pain, metastatic osseous lesions are frequently at risk for pathologic fracture and its accompanying morbidity. While bony metastases are commonly thought of as occurring within the vertebral column, over 80% are found outside the spine. Percutaneous interventional treatment options for nonspinal metastases offer a broad array of minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that are rapidly effective, reduce the need for opioids, and often work in complementary fashion with adjunct treatments in radiation oncology, orthopaedic surgery, and/or medical oncology. This article presents an approach to assess extraspinal metastases, reviews available interventional techniques in use today, and offers example cases as an introductory primer to the thought process used for selecting the appropriate interventional treatment.