bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proppant Sieve Distribution - What Really Matters?
Authors: Barree R. D. , Duenckel R. J. , Hlidek B. T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Two primary criteria describe proppants utilized in fracturing: type (e.g. - sand) and mesh size (e.g. - 30/50), where mesh size refers to the number of wires per inch in the standard U. S. sieve screens. For a proppant to meet API RP-19C (API, 2006) specifications, 90% of the material sample (by weight) must fall between the screens of the largest and smallest specified mesh size. These size specifications provide the user of proppants a method of choosing a proppant, and comparing products from different suppliers, but still allows a wide variance in particle size within each sieve distribution. Laboratory conductivity tests demonstrate that limiting sieve distribution to standard sizing per API specifications is not a requirement to obtain adequate conductivity performance, or a sufficient descriptor of proppant performance.
The industry has for the most part, limited its choices of proppants to API sizing criteria. It should be noted however, that within each standard mesh range (40/70, 30/50, 20/40, etc.) there is allowed a doubling of size from the smallest to largest particle diameter. There can be a significant difference in size distribution and performance between two proppants, both of which meet the API specification for a given mesh distribution. The difference in distribution can be recognized by determining the median particle diameter of the proppant sample. API RP-19C defines the median diameter as the fiftieth mass percentile (d50) in the distribution.
Thousands of conductivity tests have demonstrated a very strong correlation between median particle diameter and conductivity for each specific type of proppant. The correlation provides a methodology of predicting the conductivity of differing mesh distributions within a specific standard mesh size designation, or for mixed distributions of various particle sizes. This correlation can be successfully applied to regional, non-standard, sand samples.
The ramification of the correlation of median particle diameter to conductivity suggests that standard mesh distributions are somewhat arbitrary and that using non-standard size distributions is not necessarily a negative. Recognizing that sieving capacity is often a bottleneck to output, choosing to provide non-standard sizing may lead to greater production for a processing facility. Given potential proppant supply constraints in the industry, such a shift in proppant supply may lead to significantly improved sand availability and cost benefits to operators.
Some Technical Considerations of Gas-Hydrate Development From Chinese Permafrost Regions
Authors: Lau Hon Chung , Zhang Ming , Wang Jinjie , Pan Lin 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Review of published geological data shows that permafrost regions in China's Mohe Basin, Qilian Mountain, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau hold promise for gas-hydrate accumulation according to identifiable source rock, migration path, and reservoir seal, among others. In addition, they show some common characteristics: source rock consisting mostly of shale, relatively poor reservoir quality, and gas migration through fractures. However, formation lithology, source-rock type, origin of organic matter, and total organic carbon (TOC) exhibit significant differences.
The effect of various dilute administration of rocuronium bromide on both vascular pain and pharmacologic onset: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kanazawa Mayuko , Sato(Boku) Aiji , Okumura Yoko , Hashimoto Mayumi , Tachi Naoko , Adachi Yushi , Okuda Masahiro 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Rocuronium bromide (RB) is known to cause vascular pain. Although there have been a few reports that diluted administration causes less vascular pain, there have been no studies investigating diluted administration and the onset time of muscle relaxation. Therefore, we examined the influence of diluted administration of RB on the onset time of muscle relaxation and vascular pain.
Methods: 39 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: RB stock solution 10 mg/ml (Group 1), two-fold dilution 5 mg/ml (Group 2), or three-fold dilution 3.3 mg/ml (Group 3). After the largest vein of the forearm was secured, anesthesia was induced by propofol and 0.6 mg/kg of RB was administered. The evaluation method devised by Shevchenko et al. was used to evaluate the degree of vascular pain. The time from RB administration until the maximum blocking of T1 by TOF stimulation was measured.
Results: There was no significant difference in escape behaviors of vascular pain among the three groups, and the onset time of muscle relaxation was significantly slower in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p=0.035).
Conclusion: Our results suggested that it is unnecessary to dilute RB before administration if a large vein in the forearm is used.
Trial Registration: UMINCTR Registration number UMIN000026737, Registered 28 Mar 2017
Keywords: Rocuronium bromide, Diluted administration, Onset time, Vascular pain
Antibiotics Used in Patients after Surgery and Effects of Human Serum Paraoxonase-I (PON1) Enzyme Activity
Authors: Yılmaz Aycan , Dilek Esra 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Paraoxonase (PON; arilesterase, [EC 3.1.8.1]) is an enzyme from the group
arilesterases (ARE). This enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing paraoxone which is the active metabolite
of parathion, an organic phosphorus insecticide. PON activity was found to be low in individuals
prone to development of atherosclerosis such as diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia and
kidney disorders. It was noted that PON enzyme activity decreases in relation to age increase in
adults. PON enzyme activity is approximately half of that in newborns and premature babies. Approximately
one year after birth, it reaches the adult level. It can be said that PON1 has significant
role on living organisms. For this reason, many studies on interactions of PON-drugs are needed.
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Objective: In this article, our aim is to investigate in vitro effects of four pharmaceutically active
agents (fosfomycin, cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor monohydrate, and cefixime) which are often used in
patients after surgery on human serum paraoxanase-I (PON1) enzyme activity.

Methods:
In this article, we purify paraoxonase-I enzyme from human serum by using ammonium
sulfate precipitation (in the range of 60-80%), ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. We
use electrophoresis to check the purity of the enzyme. We investigate the paraoxonase activity of
the enzyme at 412 nm the inhibition effects of the active substances. Paraoxone is used as the substrate.
Activity measurements arw made at different inhibitor concentrations related to inhibitor
studies and % Activity- [I] graphs are drawn for drug active substances. Lineweaver-Burk graphics
are used to determine the Ki constants. Finally, to determine the types of inhibition we interpret
these graphs.

Results:
The active agents used after surgery decreased the PON1 enzyme activity. They showed
different inhibition mechanism. The inhibition mechanism of fosfomycin and cefaclor monohydrate
was noncompetitive, cefixime was uncompetitive and cefuroxime axetil was a competitive inhibitor.
The IC50 values for fosfomycin, cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor monohydrate, and cefixime were
calculated to be 31.5 mM, 1.03 mM, 4.18 mM and 0.781 mM, respectively, and the Ki constants
were determined to be 27.98 ± 12.25 mM, 2.20 ± 0.22 mM, 4.81 ± 2.25 mM and 1.12 ± 0.32 mM,
respectively. The IC50 and Ki values showed that cefixime active agent has the maximum inhibition.

Conclusion:
In this study, we have detected that cefuroxime axetil inhibited competitively in vitro
paraoxonase activity of this enzyme. According to this information, we thought that cefuroxime
axetil linked to the active site of the enzyme. Fosfomycin and cefaclor monohydrate can be attached
with amino acids out of the active site of the enzyme because they inhibit enzyme noncompetitively.
Cefixime can be attached only to the enzyme-substrate complex because it inhibits enzyme
uncompetitively.
Reverse Screening Bioinformatics Approach to Identify Potential Anti Breast Cancer Targets Using Thymoquinone from Neutraceuticals Black Cumin Oil
Authors: Sundaravadivelu Sumathi , Raj Sonia K. , Kumar Banupriya S. , Arumugamand Poornima , Ragunathan Padma P. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Functional foods, neutraceuticals and natural antioxidants have established their potential
roles in the protection of human health and diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive component of
Nigella sativa seeds (black cumin seeds), a plant derived neutraceutical was used by ancient Egyptians because
of their ability to cure a variety of health conditions and used as a dietary food supplement. Owing to its multi
targeting nature, TQ interferes with a wide range of tumorigenic processes and counteracts carcinogenesis, malignant
growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Additionally, TQ can specifically sensitize tumor cells
towards conventional cancer treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) and simultaneously
minimize therapy-associated toxic effects in normal cells besides being cost effective and safe. TQ was
found to play a protective role when given along with chemotherapeutic agents to normal cells.

Methods:
In the present study, reverse in silico docking approach was used to search for potential molecular
targets for cancer therapy. Various metastatic and apoptotic targets were docked with the target ligand. TQ was
also tested for its anticancer activities for its ability to cause cell death, arrest cell cycle and ability to inhibit
PARP gene expression.

Results:
In silico docking studies showed that TQ effectively docked metastatic targets MMPs and other apoptotic
and cell proliferation targets EGFR. They were able to bring about cell death mediated by apoptosis, cell
cycle arrest in the late apoptotic stage and induce DNA damage too. TQ effectively down regulated PARP gene
expression which can lead to enhanced cancer cell death.

Conclusion:
Thymoquinone a neutraceutical can be employed as a new therapeutic agent to target triple negative
breast cancer which is otherwise difficult to treat as there are no receptors on them. Can be employed along
with standard chemotherapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer as a combinatorial therapy.
Diversidad y estructura vegetal en un paisaje antropizado de La Venta, Juchitán, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Muñóz-Jiménez Oscar , López Acosta Juan Carlos , Villegas Patraca Rafael 
Published: January 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las actividades humanas han cambiado la estructura y composición de los ecosistemas. Estas actividades frecuentemente fragmentan el paisaje natural. La heterogeneidad que se genera puede propiciar una mayor diversidad que permita el mantenimiento de las funciones básicas del ecosistema. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la diversidad vegetal en la zona de La Venta, Oaxaca, para inferir cómo las especies pueden contribuir en la conservación de biodiversidad y que sean capaces de mantener la funcionalidad del ecosistema.Métodos: Con imágenes de satélites se identificaron seis elementos del paisaje: selva mediana subperennifolia (SMS), selva baja caducifolia (SBC), acahual de SBC (ASBC), bosque de galería (BG), franjas de vegetación (FV) y área agropecuaria (AGRO). Dentro de estos sitios se calcularon índices de diversidad α y β, similitud e índices de importancia relativa.Resultados clave: Se registró un total de 303 taxones de plantas vasculares en los seis elementos que comprenden el paisaje antropizado. De estos, 231 fueron identificados hasta nivel de especie y 38 a nivel de género. La SMS fue el elemento con mayor riqueza con 131 especies registradas mientras que AGRO fue la más pobre con sólo 10. Los patrones de composición, estructura, riqueza y diversidad reportados en este estudio concuerdan con lo descrito para los bosques tropicales secos.Conclusiones: Cada uno de los elementos del paisaje descritos probablemente estén jugando un papel importante en la retención de biodiversidad. Los elementos como la SMS y la SBC pueden estar funcionando como fuentes de alimentación y refugio de especies de flora y fauna más asociadas a hábitats conservados, mientras que el BG y las FV pueden estar contribuyendo a la conectividad del paisaje, al funcionar como corredores biológicos.
Cuatro especies nuevas de Agave (Asparagaceae, Agavoideae) del sur de México
Authors: García Mendoza Abisaí Josué , Franco Martínez Irma Sonia , Sandoval Gutiérrez Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Agave está conformado por 159 especies, es el octavo más diverso de la flora mexicana. En este trabajo se describen cuatro especies nuevas para la ciencia, resultado de la exploración de áreas poco conocidas desde un punto de vista botánico en el sur de México.Métodos: Como resultado de trabajo de campo y de herbario en los estados de Guerrero, Oaxaca y Puebla, se encontraron poblaciones de agaves cuyas características morfológicas no corresponden con especies descritas con anterioridad, por lo que después de un análisis morfológico y una revisión bibliográfica se describen formalmente. El estado de conservación se evaluó con base en los criterios de la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y el método propuesto por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza.Resultados clave: Se describen e ilustran Agave lyobaa, del subgénero Agave grupo Ditepalae, y tres especies del subgénero Littaea, A. gypsicola del grupo Choritepalae y A. quiotepecensis y A. megalodonta del grupo Marginatae. Para cada una se proporciona información sobre su distribución, hábitat, fenología, posibles relaciones morfológicas con otras especies del género y usos. Según los criterios de la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, las cuatro especies se proponen en la categoría amenazada (A). De acuerdo con el método propuesto por la IUCN, las dos primeras especies se encuentran en la categoría En Peligro (EN) y las dos últimas como Casi Amenazada (NT).Conclusiones: Se describen cuatro especies endémicas de México, distribuidas en los estados de Guerrero, Oaxaca y Puebla; todas ellas con poblaciones vulnerables que requieren acciones prioritarias de conservación.
Use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf Devices for the Detection of Manual Gestures in Surgery: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alvarez-Lopez Fernando , Maina Marcelo Fabián , Saigí-Rubió Francesc 
Published: January 2019

Background
The increasingly pervasive presence of technology in the operating room raises the need to study the interaction between the surgeon and computer system. A new generation of tools known as commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices enabling touchless gesture–based human-computer interaction is currently being explored as a solution in surgical environments.

Objective
The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide an account of the state of the art of COTS devices in the detection of manual gestures in surgery and to identify their use as a simulation tool for motor skills teaching in minimally invasive surgery (MIS).

Methods
For this systematic literature review, a search was conducted in PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, ScienceDirect, Espacenet, OpenGrey, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers databases. Articles published between January 2000 and December 2017 on the use of COTS devices for gesture detection in surgical environments and in simulation for surgical skills learning in MIS were evaluated and selected.

Results
A total of 3180 studies were identified, 86 of which met the search selection criteria. Microsoft Kinect (Microsoft Corp) and the Leap Motion Controller (Leap Motion Inc) were the most widely used COTS devices. The most common intervention was image manipulation in surgical and interventional radiology environments, followed by interaction with virtual reality environments for educational or interventional purposes. The possibility of using this technology to develop portable low-cost simulators for skills learning in MIS was also examined. As most of the articles identified in this systematic review were proof-of-concept or prototype user testing and feasibility testing studies, we concluded that the field was still in the exploratory phase in areas requiring touchless manipulation within environments and settings that must adhere to asepsis and antisepsis protocols, such as angiography suites and operating rooms.

Conclusions
COTS devices applied to hand and instrument gesture–based interfaces in the field of simulation for skills learning and training in MIS could open up a promising field to achieve ubiquitous training and presurgical warm up.
Using flowable gelatin in anterior cervical spine surgery in real-world practice: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Yunchang , Wu Yiqing , Gangoli Gaurav , Bourcet Anh , Danker Walter , Gong Qianyi , Zhan Huan , Chen Wendong , Wang Zheng 
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To assess the clinical and economic impact of flowable gelatin hemostatic matrix (FGHM) in anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).
Patients & methods:
A total of 451 patients with performed ACSS were included to compare FGHM with conventional hemostatic methods for clinical and cost outcomes using propensity score matching method.
Results:
The comparisons of the matched 125 pairs observed that FGHM was associated with significantly lower blood transfusion volume (11.2 vs 36.3 ml; p = 0.039), shorter postsurgery hospital stay length (3.7 vs 4.7 days; p = 0.002), shorter operation time (103.5 vs 117.7 min; p = 0.004), lower drainage placement rate (51.2 vs 89.6%; p < 0.001) and also lower total hospital costs (median ¥64,717 vs ¥65,064; p = 0.035).
Conclusion:
Use of FGHM in ACSS improved perioperative outcomes without increasing hospital costs.
Tutoría Clínica de Enfermería para el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje de los alumnos en la práctica hospitalaria (PAPIME en223403).
Authors: Zárate G. Rosa A. 
Published: January 2019

Entre las problemáticas más preocupantes de las instituciones Educativas de Enfermería es la desvinculación docencia-servicio, situación añeja, que se refleja en el aprendizaje de los alumnos cuando se enfrentan a las contradicciones que existen en los escenarios de práctica.
Con base a lo anterior, se propuso un proyecto con el propósito de fortalecer y mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el ámbito hospitalario, a través de la formación de Enfermeras tutoras clínicas que compartieran las responsabilidad de la docencia con una metodología innovadora denominada Tutoría Clínica, el cual obtuvo financiamiento por el Programa de Apoyo a la Innovación y Mejoramiento de la Enseñanza (PAPIME- EN223403/UNAM) en la Ciudad de México.
Este proyecto se estructuró para ser realizado en tres años, actualmente estamos concluyendo el segundo, y en el tercero esperamos consolidar el modelo de tutoría como estrategia permanente que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la formación de los estudiantes.
Es importante resaltar que el modelo de tutoría como el que hemos iniciado y del cual presentamos los resultados preliminares tiene implicaciones en el logro de los aprendizajes y en la generación de nuevas estrategias de vinculación entre la Escuela y las Instituciones de salud, situación que se verá reflejada cuando en un tiempo determinado el estudiante logre adquirir mayores habilidades sociales y cognitivas que le permitan ser cada vez más autónomo en sus propias decisiones profesionales y como ser humano.
México en la regionalización: Desarticulación productiva y profundización del subdesarrollo.
Authors: Vidal Gregorio 
Published: January 2019

<p>Desde los años ochenta del siglo XX los diversos gobiernos de México han impulsado una serie de acuerdos comerciales, los cuales han privilegiado a pocos sectores económicos y han contribuido a ampliar la desarticulación productiva y heterogeneidad estructural. Acelerando el deterioro de las condiciones de vida de la sociedad y una mayor concentración del ingreso y la riqueza.</p><p align="right"> </p>
Dependencia y neoliberalismo en América Latina y México
Authors: Reyes José Francisco 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>La teoría del desarrollo generalmente se inscribe bajo la concepción de los planteamientos gubernamentales o académicos de los países desarrollados, o bien desde la perspectiva de los organismos internacionales que esencialmente los favorecen. De este modo, el desarrollo se comprende como la reunión de un conjunto de elementos y factores que se integran en torno al<em> modelo ideal</em> <em>de desarrollo</em>, donde los <em>países en vías de desarrollo</em> que se acerquen más cabalmente a los requisitos, metas y objetivos planteados por aquellos tendrán más posibilidades de <em>converger</em> con los países más ricos. <strong></strong></p><p>En este trabajo se reconocen los aportes de una teoría alternativa, que parte de la visión de los preceptos económicos de los estudiosos de América Latina. Se integra por una introducción, un breve marco teórico, el papel de la acumulación en países desarrollados y subdesarrollados y el rol de la industrialización en éstos, las empresas multinacionales (EM) y el capital financiero, y concluye con el tema de la dependencia y neoliberalismo.</p>
Conforming Tax Avoidance and Capital Market Pressure
Authors: Badertscher Brad A. , Katz Sharon P. , Rego Sonja Olhoft , Wilson Ryan J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, we develop a measure of corporate tax avoidance that reduces both financial and taxable income, which we refer to as “book-tax conforming” tax avoidance. We use simulation analyses, LIFO/FIFO inventory method conversions, and samples of private and public firms to validate our measure. We then investigate the prevalence of conforming tax avoidance within a sample of public firms. Results from the validation tests indicate that our measure of conforming tax avoidance successfully captures book-tax conforming transactions. Consistent with expectations, we also find that the extent to which public firms engage in conforming tax avoidance varies systematically with the capital market pressures. Our study develops a new measure of conforming tax avoidance that should be useful in future research and provides new insights on the extent to which public firms are willing to reduce income tax liabilities at the expense of reporting lower financial income.
Reinterpretasi Ayat al-Qi¡ QS. Al-Baqarah: 178-179
Authors: Sulaiman Akhmad 
Published: January 2019

Application qiá¹£Äá¹£ as one of Islamic law is obligatory like SyÄfiâ€™iyahâ€™s and Hanafiyahâ€™s view moreover Khawarij consider the government kafir if they do not apply Islamic law. In fact, qiá¹£Äá¹£ is not applied in every country in which Moslems live, including Indonesia. The aim of this research is reinterpretation ayat al- Qiá¹£Äá¹£ QS. Al-Baqarah 178-179 with the maqÄá¹£id al-syarÄ«ahand socio-histories approach and its implication for Indonesia criminal law. The result of this research is that qiá¹£Äá¹£ is wasÄ«lah to achieve á¸¥ifáº“ al-nafs aim. Qiá¹£Äá¹£ choice as wasÄ«lahis influenced Arab civilâ€™s tradition before Islam. Because of it, qiá¹£Äá¹£as wasÄ«lah can be changed by Indonesia criminal law that is written in article 338, 339, 340 and 344 KUHP