bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinions of Argentinean neonatologists on the initiation of life‐sustaining treatment in preterm infants
Authors: Silberberg Agustín , Villar Marcelo José , Torres Silvio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn June 2014, the Argentinean Ministry of Health published guidelines for the management of neonates born at the limit of viability (≤25 weeks of gestation). We explored the opinion of neonatologists in Buenos Aires, Argentina, regarding the initiation of life‐sustaining treatment (LST) in critically ill neonates, focusing on the effect of sociocultural factors on their opinion.MethodsAn anonymous survey was designed to explore the opinions of Argentinean neonatologists on whether or not to initiate LST in newborns born prematurely. Five hundred eighty neonatologists from 36 neonatal units were invited to participate, and 315 specialists from 34 neonatal units completed the survey (response rate 54%). The survey was conducted between June 2014 and February 2015.Results9.5% (30/315) of the neonatologists answered they would begin LST on neonates born at 22 weeks, 42.5% (134/315) at 23 weeks, 37% (117/315) at 24 weeks, 7% (22/315) at 25 weeks, and 4% (12/315) at ≥26 weeks. Cumulatively then, 96% of participants stated they would start LST at 25 weeks of gestation or less. On multivariate analysis, a “transcendent” value of life and lack of consideration of the local legal framework for making medical decisions in the delivery room were statistically associated with an opinion in favor of initiation of LST in neonates born at the limit of viability. More than 50% of the Argentinean neonatologists surveyed answered they would initiate treatment at a gestational age of less than 23 weeks, despite the fact that the recommendations of the Argentinean Ministry of Health are to only give comfort care for these neonates. The opinion of most Argentinean neonatologists surveyed thus differs from that recommended by the guidelines of Argentina.ConclusionThe most frequent opinion of Argentinean neonatologists was to initiate LST in neonates at the limit of viability. Certain factors, in particular the sense of a transcendent meaning to life and lack of consideration of the local legal framework for making medical decisions in the delivery room, seem to influence the decision to start LST.
Caregivers’ knowledge about children's paracetamol
Authors: Mullan Judy , Burns Pippa , Sargeant Danielle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough safe, paracetamol, commonly used in children, can cause adverse events if not administered correctly. This research aimed to investigate caregivers' knowledge about children's paracetamol. A convenience sample of caregivers who had purchased Children's Panadol were asked to complete an online survey, assessing their knowledge of paracetamol. Most of the 174 respondents were female (93.7%), highly‐educated (72.4%) with adequate functional health literacy (85.6%). Almost all respondents correctly identified that Children's Panadol contained paracetamol (96.6%). However, approximately a quarter of them did not know the maximum daily dose (26.4%), just under half (46%) did not know how many days this dose could be safely given, and over one‐third (37.4%) did not know that liver toxicity could result from overdose. These findings suggest that adult caregivers administering paracetamol to children have gaps in their knowledge. Strategies to help improve caregiver's knowledge about the correct and safe administration of children's paracetamol need to be considered.
Fine Structure of Whistler Mode Hiss in Plasmaspheric Plumes Observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Nakamura S. , Omura Y. , Summers D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe survey 3 years (2013–2015) of data from the Van Allen Probes related to plasmaspheric plume crossing events. We detect 194 plume crossing events, and we find that 97% of the plumes are accompanied by very low frequency hiss emissions. The plumes are mainly detected on the duskside or dayside. Careful examination of the hiss spectra reveals that all hiss emissions consist of obvious fine structure. Application of a band‐pass filter reveals that the fine structure is consistent with the occurrence of discrete wave packets. The hiss data display high coherency. The events are classified by location. Duskside hiss and nightside hiss tend to have extremely high polarization with no chorus at the high‐frequency end of the dynamic spectrum. The duskside hiss has a distinct upper frequency limit. On the other hand, the dawnside hiss has strong chorus elements at the upper hiss frequency, which makes the upper frequency limit ambiguous. We show that the structure of whistler mode hiss is different from artificial random noise. Although noise also has fine spectral characteristics, the polarization and waveform data are totally different from the hiss cases. Our results strongly suggest that whistler mode hiss in plasmaspheric plumes universally possesses fine structure.
Early Oral Switch to Linezolid for Low-risk Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study
Authors: Willekens Rein , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Larrosa Maria N , González-López Juan J , Rodríguez-Pardo Dolors , Fernández-Hidalgo Nuria , Pigrau Carles , Almirante Benito 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Oral switch to linezolid is a promising alternative to standard parenteral therapy (SPT) in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of all adult cases of SAB between 2013 and 2017 in a Spanish university hospital. We compared the efﬁcacy, safety, and length of hospital stay of patients receiving SPT and those where SPT was switched to oral linezolid between days 3 and 9 of treatment until completion. We excluded complicated SAB and osteoarticular infections. A k-nearest neighbor algorithm was used for propensity score matching with a 2:1 ratio.

Results
After propensity score matching, we included 45 patients from the linezolid group and 90 patients from the SPT group. Leading SAB sources were catheter related (49.6%), unknown origin (20.0%), and skin and soft tissue (17.0%). We observed no difference in 90-day relapse between the linezolid group and the SPT group (2.2% vs 4.4% respectively; P = .87). No statistically significant difference was observed in 30-day all-cause mortality between the linezolid group and the SPT group (2.2% vs 13.3%; P = .08). The median length of hospital stay after onset was 8 days in the linezolid group and 19 days in the SPT group (P < .01). No drug-related events leading to discontinuation were noted in the linezolid group.

Conclusions
Treatment of SAB in selected low-risk patients with an oral switch to linezolid between days 3 and 9 of treatment until completion yielded similar clinical outcomes as SPT, allowing earlier discharge from the hospital.
GFP-Forked, a genetic reporter for studyingDrosophilaoocyte polarity
Authors: Baskar Raju , Bakrhat Anna , Abdu Uri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe polarized organization of theDrosophilaoocyte can be visualized by examining the asymmetric localization of mRNAs, which is supported by networks of polarized microtubules (MTs). In this study, we used the geneforked, the putativeDrosophilahomologue ofespin, to develop a unique genetic reporter for asymmetric oocyte organization. We generated a null allele of theforkedgene using the CRISPRCas9 system and found thatforkedis not required for determining the axes of theDrosophilaembryo. However, ectopic expression of a truncated form of GFP-Forked generated a distinct network of asymmetric Forked, which first accumulated at the oocyte posterior and was then restricted to the anterolateral region of the oocyte cortex in mid-oogenesis. This localization pattern resembled that reported for the polarized MTs network. Indeed, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the polarized organization of the oocyte showed that the filamentous Forked network diffused throughout the entire cortical surface of the oocyte, as would be expected upon perturbation of oocyte polarization. Finally, we demonstrated that Forked associated with Short-stop and Patronin foci, which assemble non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers. Our results thus show that clear visualization of asymmetric GFP-Forked network localization can be used as a novel tool for studying oocyte polarity.Summary statement:The novel asymmetric Forked network could be used as a genetic reporter for visualizing and studying oocyte polarity.
Automated symptom and treatment side effect monitoring for improved quality of life among adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in primary care: a pragmatic, cluster, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Adams A. S. , Schmittdiel J. A. , Altschuler A. , Bayliss E. A. , Neugebauer R. , Ma L. , Dyer W. , Clark J. , Cook B. , Willyoung D. , Jaffe M. , Young J. D. , Kim E. , Boggs J. M. , Prosser L. A. , Wittenberg E. , Callaghan B. , Shainline M. , Hippler R. M. , Grant R. W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of automated symptom and side effect monitoring on quality of life among individuals with symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy.MethodsWe conducted a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial (July 2014 to July 2016) within a large healthcare system. We randomized 1834 primary care physicians and prospectively recruited from their lists 1270 individuals with neuropathy who were newly prescribed medications for their symptoms. Intervention participants received automated telephone‐based symptom and side effect monitoring with physician feedback over 6 months. The control group received usual care plus three non‐interactive diabetes educational calls. Our primary outcomes were quality of life (EQ‐5D) and select symptoms (e.g. pain) measured 4–8 weeks after starting medication and again 8 months after baseline. Process outcomes included receiving a clinically effective dose and communication between individuals with neuropathy and their primary care provider over 12 months. Interviewers collecting outcome data were blinded to intervention assignment.ResultsSome 1252 participants completed the baseline measures [mean age (sd): 67 (11.7), 53% female, 57% white, 8% Asian, 13% black, 20% Hispanic]. In total, 1179 participants (93%) completed follow‐up (619 control, 560 intervention). Quality of life scores (intervention: 0.658 ± 0.094; control: 0.653 ± 0.092) and symptom severity were similar at baseline. The intervention had no effect on primary [EQ‐5D: −0.002 (95% CI −0.01, 0.01), P = 0.623; pain: 0.295 (−0.75, 1.34), P = 0.579; sleep disruption: 0.342 (−0.18, 0.86), P = 0.196; lower extremity functioning: −0.079 (−1.27, 1.11), P = 0.896; depression: −0.462 (−1.24, 0.32); P = 0.247] or process outcomes.ConclusionsAutomated telephone monitoring and feedback alone were not effective at improving quality of life or symptoms for people with symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02056431).
Population, general practitioner and practice characteristics are associated with screening procedures for microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes care in Norway
Authors: Bakke Å. , Tran A. T. , Dalen I. , Cooper J. G. , Løvaas K. F. , Jenum A. K. , Berg T. J. , Madsen T. V. , Nøkleby K. , Gjelsvik B. , Claudi T. , Skeie S. , Carlsen S. , Sandberg S. , Thue G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess population, general practitioner (GP) and practice characteristics associated with the performance of microvascular screening procedures and to propose strategies to improve Type 2 diabetes care.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey in Norway (281 GPs from 77 practices) identified 8246 people with a Type 2 diabetes duration of 1 year or more. We used multilevel regression models with either the recording of at least two of three recommended screening procedures (albuminuria, monofilament, eye examination) or each procedure separately as dependent variable (yes/no), and characteristics related to the person with diabetes, GP or practice as independent variables.ResultsThe performance of recommended screening procedures was recorded in the following percentages: albuminuria 31.5%, monofilament 27.5% and eye examination 60.0%. There was substantial heterogeneity between practices, and between GPs within practices for all procedures. Compared with people aged 60–69 years, those aged < 50 years were less likely to have an albuminuria test performed [odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93] and eye examination (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95). People with macrovascular disease had fewer screening procedures recorded (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.78). Use of an electronic diabetes form was associated with improved screening (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.78). GPs with high workload recorded fewer procedures (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.90).ConclusionsPerformance of screening procedures was suboptimal overall, and in people who should be prioritized. Performance varied substantially between GPs and practices. The use of a structured diabetes form should be mandatory.
Body size explains interspecific variation in size–latitude relationships in geographically widespread beetle species
Authors: Tseng Michelle , Soleimani Pari Sina 
Published: October 2018

1. In most birds and mammals, larger individuals of the same species tend to be found at higher latitudes, but in insects, body size–latitude relationships are highly variable.2. Recent studies have shown that larger‐bodied insect species are more likely to decrease in size when reared at increased temperature, compared with smaller‐sized species. These findings have led to the prediction that a positive relationship between body size and latitude should be more prevalent in larger‐bodied insect species.3. This study measured the body size of > 4000 beetle specimens (12 species) collected throughout North America. Some beetle species increased in size with latitude, while others decreased. Importantly, mean species body size explained c. 30% of the interspecific variation in the size–latitude response.4. As predicted, larger‐bodied beetle species were more likely to show a positive relationship between body size and latitude (Bergmann's rule), and smaller‐bodied species were more likely to show a negative body size–latitude relationship (inverse Bergmann's rule).5. These body size–latitude patterns suggest that size‐specific responses to temperature may underlie global latitudinal distributions of body size in Coleoptera, as well as other insects.
Validation of a non-invasive method for the early detection of metabolic syndrome: a diagnostic accuracy test in a working population
Authors: Romero-Saldaña Manuel , Tauler Pedro , Vaquero-Abellán Manuel , López-González Angel-Arturo , Fuentes-Jiménez Francisco-José , Aguiló Antoni , Álvarez-Fernández Carlos , Molina-Recio Guillermo , Bennasar-Veny Miquel 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesA non-invasive method for the early detection of metabolic syndrome (NIM-MetS) using only waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and blood pressure (BP) has recently been published, with fixed cut-off values for gender and age. The aim of this study was to validate this method in a large sample of Spanish workers.DesignA diagnostic test accuracy to assess the validity of the method was performed.SettingOccupational health services.ParticipantsThe studies were conducted in 2012–2016 on a sample of 60 799 workers from the Balearic Islands (Spain).InterventionsThe NCEP-ATP III criteria were used as the gold standard. NIM-MetS has been devised using classification trees (the χ2automatic interaction detection method).Main outcome measuresAnthropometric and biochemical variables to diagnose MetS. Sensitivity, specificity, validity index and Youden Index were determined to analyse the accuracy of the diagnostic test (NIM-MetS).ResultsWith regard to the validation of the method, sensitivity was 54.7%, specificity 94.9% and the Validity Index 91.2%. The cut-off value for WHtR was 0.54, ranging from 0.51 (lower age group) to 0.56 (higher age group). Variables more closely associated with MetS were WHtR (area under the curve (AUC)=0.85; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and systolic BP (AUC=0.79; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.80)). The final cut-off values for the non-invasive method were WHtR ≥0.56 and BP ≥128/80 mm Hg, which includes four levels of MetS risk (very low, low, moderate and high).ConclusionsThe analysed method has shown a high validity index (higher than 91%) for the early detection of MetS. It is a non-invasive method that is easy to apply and interpret in any healthcare setting. This method provides a scale of MetS risk which allows more accurate detection and more effective intervention.
Mixed-methods evaluation of the Perioperative Medicine Service for High-Risk Patients Implementation Pilot (POMSHIP): a study protocol
Authors: Walker David , Wagstaff Duncan , McGuckin Dermot , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Swart Nicholas , Morris Stephen , Crowe Sonya , Fulop Naomi J , Moonesinghe S Ramani 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionPerioperative complications have a lasting effect on health-related quality of life and long-term survival. The Royal College of Anaesthetists has proposed the development of perioperative medicine (POM) services as an intervention aimed at improving postoperative outcome, by providing better coordinated care for high-risk patients. The Perioperative Medicine Service for High-risk Patients Implementation Pilot was developed to determine if a specialist POM service is able to reduce postoperative morbidity, failure to rescue, mortality and cost associated with hospital admission. The service involves individualised objective risk assessment, admission to a postoperative critical care unit and follow-up on the surgical ward by the POM team. This paper introduces the service and how it will be evaluated.Methods and analysis of the evaluationA mixed-methods evaluation is exploring the impact of the service. Clinical effectiveness of the service is being analysed using a ‘before and after’ comparison of the primary outcome (the PostOperative Morbidity Score). Secondary outcomes will include length of stay, validated surveys to explore quality of life (EQ-5D) and quality of recovery (Quality of Recovery-15 Score). The impact on costs is being analysed using ‘before and after’ data from the Patient-Level Information and Costing System and the National Schedule of Reference Costs. The perceptions and experiences of staff and patients with the service, and how it is being implemented, are being explored by a qualitative process evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThe study was classified as a service evaluation. Participant information sheets and consent forms have been developed for the interviews and approvals required for the use of the validated surveys were obtained. The findings of the evaluation are being used formatively, to make changes in the service throughout implementation. The findings will also be used to inform the potential roll-out of the service to other sites.
Moderation of alcohol consumption as a recommendation in European hypertension management guidelines: a survey on awareness, screening and implementation among European physicians
Authors: Zaidi Touis Laila , Bolbrinker Juliane , Riemer Thomas Günther , Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesModeration of alcohol consumption is included as a class I, level of evidence A recommendation in the current European guidelines for the management of hypertension. We investigated its awareness and self-reported implementation among European physicians across different specialties and workplaces.Design and settingA cross-sectional survey study conducted in two annual German meetings (German Society of Cardiology and the German Society of Internal Medicine) and two annual European meetings (European Society of Hypertension and European Society Cardiology) in 2015.Participants1064 physicians attending the European meetings were interviewed including 52.1% cardiologists, 29.2% internists and 8.8% general practitioners.Main outcome measuresPhysician screening of alcohol consumption, awareness and self-implementation of the recommendation of the current European guidelines about moderation of alcohol consumption for the management of hypertension.ResultsOverall, 81.9% of physicians reported to generally quantify alcohol consumption in patients with hypertension. However, only 28.6% and 14.5% of participants reported screening alcohol consumption in their patients with newly detected or treatment-resistant hypertension. Physicians recommended a maximum alcohol intake of 13.1±11.7 g/day for women (95% CI 12.3 to 13.8) and 19.9±15.6 g/day for men (95% CI 18.8 to 20.9). In case of moderate to high alcohol consumption, 10.3% would manage only hypertension without addressing alcohol consumption, while 3.7% of the physicians would do so in case of alcohol dependence (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe average amount of alcohol intake per day recommended by European physicians in this survey was in agreement with the guidelines. The low number of physicians that screen for alcohol consumption in patients with newly detected and with treatment-resistant hypertension indicates an important deficit in the management of hypertension.
Combined surgical treatment of pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Shabunin A. A. , Karpov A. A. , Kizhaev E. V. , Bedin V. V. , Tavobilov M. M. , Paklina O. V. , Setdikova G. R. 
Published: October 2018

Aim.To improve the outcomes in patients with pancreatic head cancer using intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT).Material and methods.Prospective trial included patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head who underwent pancreatic surgery followed by IORT.Results.There were 63 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for the period from January 2013 till December 2016. IORT was applied in 31 cases. Annual, 3-year survival and disease-free survival were analyzed.Conclusion.Surgery followed by IORT is safe and current approach for pancreatic head cancer.