bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudoparamoeba garorimi n. sp., with Notes on Species Distinctions within the Genus
Authors: Udalov Ilya A. , Lee Won Je , Lotonin Kirill , Smirnov Alexey 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new marine species of naked lobose amoebae Pseudoparamoeba garorimi n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida) isolated from intertidal marine sediments of Garorim Bay, Korea was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy. This species has a typical set of morphological characters for a genus including the shape of the locomotive form, type of subpseudopodia and the tendency to form the single long waving pseudopodium in locomotion. Furthermore, it has the same cell surface structures as were described for the type species, Pseudoparamoeba pagei: blister‐like glycostyles with hexagonal base and dome‐shaped apex; besides, cell surface bears hair‐like outgrowths. The new species described here lacks clear morphological distinctions from the two other Pseudoparamoeba species, but has considerable differences in the 18S rDNA and COX1 gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA placed P. garorimi n. sp. at the base of the Pseudoparamoeba clade with high PP/BS support. The level of COX1 sequence divergence was 22% between P. garorimi n. sp. and P. pagei and 25% between P. garorimi n. sp. and P. microlepis. Pseudoparamoeba species are hardly distinguishable by morphology alone, but display clear differences in 18S rDNA and COX1 gene sequences.
Association Between Osteoarthritis and Social Isolation: Data From the EPOSA Study
Authors: Siviero Paola , Veronese Nicola , Smith Toby , Stubbs Brendon , Limongi Federica , Zambon Sabina , Dennison Elaine M. , Edwards Mark , Cooper Cyrus , Timmermans Erik J. , van Schoor Natasja M. , van der Pas Suzan , Schaap Laura A. , Denkinger Michael D. , Peter Richard , Herbolsheimer Florian , Otero Ángel , Castell Maria Victoria , Pedersen Nancy L. , Deeg Dorly J.H. , Maggi Stefania ,   for the EPOSA Research Group
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVETo determine whether there is an association between osteoarthritis (OA) and incident social isolation using data from the European Project on OSteoArthritis (EPOSA) study.DESIGNProspective, observational study with 12 to 18 months of follow‐up.SETTINGCommunity dwelling.PARTICIPANTSOlder people living in six European countries.MEASUREMENTSSocial isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale and the Maastricht Social Participation Profile. Clinical OA of the hip, knee, and hand was assessed according to American College of Rheumatology criteria. Demographic characteristics, including age, sex, multijoint pain, and medical comorbidities, were assessed.RESULTSOf the 1967 individuals with complete baseline and follow‐up data, 382 (19%) were socially isolated and 1585 were nonsocially isolated at baseline; of these individuals, 222 (13.9%) experienced social isolation during follow‐up. Using logistic regression analyses, after adjustment for age, sex, and country, four factors were significantly associated with incident social isolation: clinical OA, cognitive impairment, depression, and worse walking time. Compared to those without OA at any site or with only hand OA, clinical OA of the hip and/or knee, combined or not with hand OA, led to a 1.47 times increased risk of social isolation (95% confidence interval = 1.03‐2.09).CONCLUSIONClinical OA, present in one or two sites of the hip and knee, or in two or three sites of the hip, knee, and hand, increased the risk of social isolation, adjusting for cognitive impairment and depression and worse walking times. Clinicians should be aware that individuals with OA may be at greater risk of social isolation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:87–95, 2019
Obesity‐associated mutant melanocortin‐4 receptors with normal Gαs coupling frequently exhibit other discoverable pharmacological and biochemical defects
Authors: Gillyard Taneisha , Fowler Katelyn , Williams Savannah Y. , Cone Roger D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMutations in the melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) are the most common cause of early syndromic obesity known. Most of these mutations result in a loss of protein expression, α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone binding, receptor trafficking or coupling to the stimulatory G‐protein, Gαs. However, approximately 26% of the obesity‐associated mutations characterised to date exhibit none of these pharmacological defects. In the present study, we investigated seven of these apparently normal mutant MC4R in more detail and found that the majority (five of the seven) exhibit marked defects including defective binding of another endogenous melanocortin ligand, defective glycosylation, and defective recruitment of β‐arrestin. These data provide support for two hypotheses: (i) that the majority of these rare, obesity‐associated mutations are likely defective and causative of obesity and (ii) that β‐arrestin recruitment is a valuable marker of normal MC4R function. Recent work has demonstrated a statistical correlation between the efficacy of β‐arrestin recruitment to the MC4R and body mass index; however, the data reported here demonstrate both decreased and increased β‐arrestin signalling in obesity‐associated MC4R mutations.
In vivo identification of small molecules mediating Gpr126/Adgrg6 signaling during Schwann cell development
Authors: Bradley Ethan C. , Cunningham Rebecca L. , Wilde Caroline , Morgan Rory K. , Klug Emma A. , Letcher Sophia M. , Schöneberg Torsten , Monk Kelly R. , Liebscher Ines , Petersen Sarah C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGpr126/Adgrg6, an adhesion family G protein–coupled receptor (aGPCR), is required for the development of myelinating Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin supports and insulates vertebrate axons to permit rapid signal propagation throughout the nervous system. In mammals and zebrafish, mutations in Gpr126 arrest Schwann cells at early developmental stages. We exploited the optical and pharmacological tractability of larval zebrafish to uncover drugs that mediate myelination by activating Gpr126 or functioning in parallel. Using a fluorescent marker of mature myelinating glia (Tg[mbp:EGFP‐CAAX]), we screened hypomorphic gpr126 mutant larvae for restoration of myelin basic protein (mbp) expression along peripheral nerves following small molecule treatment. Our screens identified five compounds sufficient to promote mbp expression in gpr126 hypomorphs. Using an allelic series of gpr126 mutants, we parsed the ability of small molecules to restore mbp, suggesting differences in drug efficacy dependent on Schwann cell developmental state. Finally, we identify apomorphine hydrochloride as a direct small molecule activator of Gpr126 using combined in vivo/in vitro assays and show that aporphine class compounds promote Schwann cell development in vivo. Our results demonstrate the utility of in vivo screening for aGPCR modulators and identify small molecules that interact with the gpr126‐mediated myelination program.
Labour Supply and Childcare: Allowing Both Parents to Choose
Authors: Mumford Karen , Parera‐Nicolau Antonia , Pena‐Boquete Yolanda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe develop and estimate a structural model of labour supply for two parent families in Australia, taking explicit account of the importance of childcare related variables. Our main contribution is to consider the labour supply decisions of both parents and their choice of childcare simultaneously. Labour supply decisions of mothers are found to be substantially more responsive to changes in their own wage (at intensive and extensive margins) than is the case for fathers, with minimal cross‐wage labour supply responses from fathers. Our results imply that policies increasing the wage of mothers will be associated with marked increases in labour market participation and in the working hours of mothers in the Australian labour market, with little offsetting decline in the labour supply of fathers.
Red blood cell distribution width as a useful marker for severity in pediatric acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Korkmaz Muhammet Furkan , Tutanç Murat , Bostancı Muharrem , Korkmaz Merve , Salihoğlu Tuna Ercan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children is still one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to detect the presence and severity of acute gastroenteritis. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is thought to have the potential for AGE evaluation in children. We sought to investigate the value of RDW for severity assessment in children with AGE.MethodsA total of 97 AGE patients were included in a prospective observational study. Complete blood count, serum C‐reactive protein, and stool examinations were carried out. Modified Vesikari score (MVS) was evaluated to determine severity.ResultsMedian age was 19 months (min–max, 1–198 months). The male/female ratio was 1.55 (59/38). Rotavirus was detected in 31 of 97 children (32%). median MVS was 9 points (min–max, 5–24 points). A total of 32 (33%), 43 (44%) and 22 patients (23%) were classified in the mild‐, moderate‐, and high‐severity groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between rotavirus‐positive and rotavirus‐negative children. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and RDW differed significantly according to severity. RDW had the highest area under the curve when the high‐severity group was compared with the combination of low‐ and moderate‐severity groups on receiver operating characteristic analysis.ConclusionsRed cell distribution width increased with the increase in severity of AGE. RDW may offer additional severity stratification in children with AGE.
Biochar effects on crop yields with and without fertilizer: A meta‐analysis of field studies using separate controls
Authors: Ye Lili , Camps‐Arbestain Marta , Shen Qinhua , Lehmann Johannes , Singh Balwant , Sabir Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe added value of biochar when applied along with fertilizers, beyond that of the fertilizers themselves, has not been summarized. Focusing on direct comparisons between biochar additions (≤20 t ha−1) – separately considering the addition or not of inorganic fertilizers (IF) and/or organic amendments (OA) along with biochar – and two different controls (with and without the addition ofIFand/orOA), we carried out a meta‐analysis to explain short‐term (1‐year) field responses in crop yield across different climates, soils, biochars and management practices worldwide. Compared with the non‐fertilized control, a 26% (CI: 15%–40%) increase in yield was observed with the use ofIFonly, whereas that of biochar along withIFcaused a 48% (CI: 30%–70%) increase. Compared with the use ofIFonly, the addition of biochar along withIFcaused a 15% (CI: 11%–19%) increase in yield, indicating that biochar was as effective as fertilizers in increasing crop yields when added in combination. The use of biochar alone did not increase crop yield regardless of the control considered. Whereas in the short term, liming may have partly contributed to the beneficial effect of biochar (>90% was plant‐derived) when added along withIF, a separate meta‐analysis – using those studies that reported crop yields for different years after a single biochar application – showed a 31% (CI: 17%–49%) increase in crop yield over time (≥ 3 years), which denotes the influence of biochar properties other than liming (i.e. an increase inCEC). Our results also suggest that biochar application rates > 10 t ha−1do not contribute to greater crop yield (at least in the short term). Data limitations precluded identification of the influence of feedstock, production conditions or climatic conditions without bias. As the response of crop yield to biochar addition was less a result of climatic zones or soil type than fertilizer use (chiefly N additions), the choice of nutrient addition along with biochar should be priorities for future research and development regardless of the region.
Retention and release of nutrients from polyhalite to soil
Authors: Lewis Timothy D. , Hallett Paul D. , Paton Graeme I. , Harrold Luke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent discoveries of polyhalite (K2SO4.MgSO4.2CaSO4.2H2O) in the UK provide an alternative to conventional fertilizer sources. This work investigated the interaction of polyhalite, commercially known as POLY4, with soil using leaching columns. Different physical forms of polyhalite (powder, crushed rock and granules) were compared to potassium chloride (KCl) for the movement of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur (as sulphate) through the soil profile using 19.7 L of water, equivalent to 4,500 mm rainfall. The nutrients from polyhalite were found to be available at 30 cm depth, with calcium showing signs of interacting with the soil clay particles to release cationic nutrients. Polyhalite granules showed the greatest release of sulphate, magnesium and calcium as a proportion of the additional nutrient with 127%, 71% and 102%, respectively leached. For potassium, all forms of polyhalite had greater release than KCl (powder = 58%; granules = 86%; crushed rock = 57% and KCl 16%). Nutrients from polyhalite and those mobilized from soil interactions are present in soil solution indicating availability for plant growth.
An extraordinarily stable karyotype of the woody Populus species revealed by chromosome painting
Authors: Xin Haoyang , Zhang Tao , Wu Yufeng , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Pingdong , Xi Mengli , Jiang Jiming 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe karyotype represents the basic genetic make‐up of a eukaryotic species. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of related species based on individually identified chromosomes has been conducted in only a few plant groups and not yet in woody plants. We have developed a complete set of 19 chromosome painting probes based on the reference genome of the model woody plant Populus trichocarpa. Using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization we were able to identify all poplar chromosomes in the same metaphase cells, which led to the development of poplar karyotypes based on individually identified chromosomes. We demonstrate that five Populus species, belonging to five different sections within Populus, have maintained a remarkably conserved karyotype. No inter‐chromosomal structural rearrangements were observed on any of the 19 chromosomes among the five species. Thus, the chromosomal synteny in Populus has been remarkably maintained after nearly 14 million years of divergence. We propose that the karyotypes of woody species are more stable than those of herbaceous plants since it may take a longer period of time for woody plants to fix chromosome number or structural variants in natural populations.
Caregivers’ and healthcare workers’ experiences in the management of childhood pneumonia in low- and lower middle-income countries: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Karo Sylvia John , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Stern Cindy 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to explore the experiences of caregivers and healthcare workers regarding the management of pneumonia in children younger than five years in low-and lower middle-income countries.

Introduction:
Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality among children younger than five years. A large percentage of these deaths occur in low-and lower-middle income countries. These deaths can be averted if the disease is recognized early and prompt medical care is sought. The ability of caregivers to detect early symptoms of pneumonia and seek prompt medical care is critical. The ability of healthcare workers to correctly diagnose and initiate early and effective treatment is also key to preventing pneumonia-related deaths.

Inclusion criteria:
This systematic review will consider qualitative studies that explored the experiences of caregivers and healthcare workers regarding the management of pneumonia in children younger than five years in low- and lower middle-income countries. The term “caregivers” primarily refers to family members, whereas the term “healthcare workers” can include nurses, doctors, community and lay healthcare workers. Only studies published in English will be included, with no date restrictions.

Methods:
The systematic review will use the JBI systematic review approach for qualitative studies, with meta-aggregation as the method of synthesis. The search for published studies will be undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL. Gray literature will also be considered. Critical appraisal and data extraction will be conducted using the appropriate JBI tools. Following synthesis, recommendations for clinical practice and areas for future research will be identified.
“Swimming Jellyfish“: Visualizing Jet-Like Internal Flow in Coalescing Droplets
Authors: Yan Xiao , Sett Soumyadip , Feng Lezhou , Zhang Leicheng , Huang Zhiyong , Chen Feng , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Surface-tension-driven droplet coalescence has received significant attention due to its significant role in microfluidics, coalescence-induced droplet jumping, fluid mixing, and microscale heat and mass transfer. However, the study of internal flow characteristics of merging droplets remains a challenge due to visualization difficulty, limited droplet size control, poor droplet manipulation, and insufficient droplet front tracking. Here, in order to study droplet coalescence dynamics, a droplet dispensing and visualization system was developed. To control the size of droplets, monodispersed droplets with diameters of ≈ 40 μm were dispensed onto a superhydrophobic surface, enabling the target droplets to accumulate in volume and grow in radii. To track the internal flow front, an ethanol (20 wt %)-water mixture was used as the working fluid. Due to the unequal evaporation rate of water and ethanol, a density gradient was introduced at the liquid-gas interface of the droplets, resulting in a lower refractive index compared to that in the bulk liquid. The coalescence process of droplets with diameters of ≈ 232 μm and ≈ 1400 μm was imaged. We observed jet-like internal flow and vortex rings (“swimming jellyfish”) inside the merging droplet. It was shown that the jet-like flow underwent a significant deceleration while the vortex-ring experienced slow radial expansion. Our work not only presents a powerful platform capable of visualizing droplet coalescence hydrodynamics, but also provides insights into the internal flow dynamics during droplet coalescence.
Modeling Sand Occurrence in Petroleum Production
Authors: Abhulimen Kingsley E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an advanced model to predict sand occurrence and accurately estimate volumetric sand produced in petroleum production. The sand factors Ks(t), derived from the linear time combination of likelihood of occurrence λm(t) of KRS and KFS, were used to determine sand occurrence and estimate its volumetric production around well bore systems. Therefore, the measured laboratory and field log core data of elastic properties were simulated for the mechanical and hydrodynamic decementation at unobserved multiple field locations of equiprobable realizations. The critical limits for mechanical rock failure and hydrodynamic sand production were defined at sand factors equal to 1 in absolute terms. The sand model results show two distinct gradient points observed for laboratory plots of sand elastic properties: core displacement length defined as the loading point of mechanical rock failure and the flooding point for hydrodynamic fluidized incipient sand production. However, plots of elastic properties with the core length for field case show significant deviations with multiple loading rock failure and flooding sand production points most likely caused by the complex nature of rock matrix heterogeneity for the fields studied.
Determining Factor/s of Window Glazing Regarding Reduction in Electrical Energy Consumption
Authors: Dutta Arindam , Samanta Akash 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Among all building envelops, windows are typically the weakest barrier to heat ingress. The building energy consumption of any conditioned building located in the tropical country is deeply governed by the amount of heat gain inside the building because heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is a major energy consumer. Hence, it can be easily inferred that the energy consumption of a building can be reduced through judicial selection of window glasses. This paper illustrated the importance of thermal transmittance (U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) value of window glazing in detail and also demonstrated the energy savings potential of various types of commercially available windowpanes. The electric energy savings potential of various types of windowpanes such as tinted, reflective, single glazing, and double glazing glasses have been analyzed through eQUEST energy simulation software for a building, situated in the tropical region of India. Building architectural data and all other information regarding HVAC, lighting, etc. have been collected during the energy audit and trained in the eQUEST simulation for further analysis. The calibration of simulation model has been done using actual monthly electricity consumption data of the case building. This study depicts the percentage decrease in electrical energy consumption due to retrofitting of various commercially available window glasses compared with base building. The study also compares the importance of main two determining factor(s) U and SHGC value behind the judicial selection of proper window glazing.