bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Teachers Facilitate the Strategies their Pupils Need?
Authors: Hrozková Ivana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Learner strategies play an important and unique role in second or foreign language teaching and learning. Knowledge of effective steps and techniques helps pupils reach better study results and become more independent and autonomous learners. The role of a teacher shifts and changes in autonomous learning; rather than a teacher, he or she is a consultant, helper and facilitator of learner strategies. The study brings an insight into strategic teaching of 13 Czech teachers who taught 202 pupils with completed primary education and who also focused on the strategies teachers facilitate, but their pupils do not apply. The study aims at a model of strategy facilitation which helps teachers implement strategy-based teaching into a foreign language curriculum. The article also aspires to address teachers of different subjects as giving advice on learning to learn plays a vital role in teaching. Furthermore, learner strategies are an important part of competence to learn, which helps teachers to understand why some learners are more successful than their peers.
Friedrich II., ein Sizilianer auf dem Kaiserthron?
Authors: Houben Hubert 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Il contributo esamina la tesi di Olaf Rader, secondo cui l’imperatore Federico II, nato in Italia e cresciuto in Sicilia, sarebbe stato „durch und durch Sizilianer“ (del tutto siciliano), come aveva sostenuto nella seconda metà del sec. XIX Leopold von Ranke e di conseguenza „il primo straniero sul trono tedesco“, come scrisse poi Johannes Haller nella prima metà del Novecento. Secondo tale interpretazione, egli avrebbe dato priorità al regno di Sicilia, ereditato dalla madre Costanza d’Altavilla, e trascurato invece l’impero romano-tedesco, diversamente da suo nonno Federico I Barbarossa. Questa tesi risulta poco convincente perché attribuendo a Federico II una chiara identità siciliana si trascura il fatto che egli, trasferitosi in Germania all’età di 17 anni e rimanendovi per otto, si immerse in un contesto del tutto tedesco, riappropriandosi delle sue radici sveve. Inoltre Federico II difese accanitamente gli interessi dell’impero romano-tedesco contro il papato e i comuni settentrionali, mettendo le ingenti risorse economiche del regno di Sicilia al servizio delle sue azioni militari. Essendo a quell’epoca particolarmente importante la presenza fisica del sovrano per l’azione di governo, Federico ovviò alla sua assenza nelle zone d’oltralpe, prive di strutture amministrative paragonabili a quelle italiane, delegando i suoi figli – Enrico (VII) prima e Corrado IV poi – a rappresentarlo in Germania. La tesi di un Federico II come „il siciliano sul trono imperiale“ non convince perché è basata su concetti otto- e novecenteschi quali popolo, nazione e identità nazionali che mal si adattano al Medioevo.
Die Causa Lutheri in der Pönitentiarie
Authors: Schmugge Ludwig 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Nei registri della Penitenzieria apostolica, l’organo pontificio in materia di penitenza, confessione e grazia, il nome di „Lutero“ appare in numerose suppliche provenienti dai territori tedeschi. I testi non risalgono al riformatore, ma furono prodotti da contemporanei coinvolti, in un modo o l’altro, in eventi che vengono messi in relazione con la presenza di Lutero nell’Impero germanico. Si tratta in massima parte di „squarci su vite modeste“ (Arnold Esch). Tuttavia, vi hanno lasciato traccia anche alcuni tra i più importanti avversari del monaco di Wittenberg (Johannes Fabri, Konrad Kling e Johannes Debneck, detto Cochleus).
Das Präzedenzrecht des Praefectus Urbis
Authors: Becker Rotraud 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Nel 1631 papa Urbano VIII conferì al suo nipote Taddeo Barberini il titolo di Praefectus Urbis, di cui erano stati insigniti a partire dal 1435 anche altri nipoti secolari dei papi, elevando perciò lui e la sua famiglia al rango principesco. Come segno esteriore della sua posizione di rilievo egli avrebbe dovuto occupare, nel cerimoniale pontificio, il primo posto tra i dignitari secolari, ottenendo in tal modo la precedenza sui rappresentanti delle potenze a Roma. La disposizione provocò l’opposizione nella maggior parte dei principi che ordinarono ai loro diplomatici di non partecipare più alle cerimonie papali, e in particolare alle processioni solenni e le messe celebrate nella Cappella Sistina. Una via per imporre il nuovo ordine gerarchico sarebbe potuta essere quella di far leva sull’imperatore, il quale si trovava in serie difficoltà a causa delle vittorie svedesi, per convincerlo a chiedere al suo ambasciatore di dare la precedenza al prefetto urbano. Se ci si fosse riusciti, tutti gli altri rappresentanti diplomatici sarebbero dovuti adeguarsi. A lungo la casata Barberini tentò di indurre Ferdinando II a fare questo passo, ricorrendo all’aiuto dei nunzi, a lettere lusinghiere, promesse, doni dissimulati, all’azione persuasiva di consiglieri imperiali e parenti, ma fin dall’inizio la corte imperiale era decisa di non agire senza prima accordarsi con la Francia e la Spagna. Pertanto il progetto era destinato al fallimento, perché la resistenza francese era scontata e ben nota; si evitò però, sulla base di alterne motivazioni, di dare una risposta negativa definitiva. Dai rapporti dei nunzi emerge inoltre che Ferdinando II, pur non volendo accettare un cerimoniale pontificio in cui i rappresentanti dell’imperatore e dell’Impero sarebbero stati retrocessi, si mostrava comunque attento a non inasprire le tensioni già esistenti. Si intendeva dunque risolvere il problema rinviando, anzi astenendosi consapevolmente da ogni decisione, ma tale atteggiamento provocò ulteriori malumori e portò alla brusca fine della carriera di un nunzio. E, soprattutto, finì a danneggiare la reputazione del papato anche nei territori cattolici dell’Impero.
Hygiene, Rasse und Zukunftstechnik. Paolo Mantegazzas Beiträge zur Italianità
Authors: Kosuch Carolin 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Il contributo è concepito come caso studio sul raccordo tra il movimento igienista e cremazionista italiano nel XIX secolo da una parte e il nazionalismo italiano nato in epoca risorgimentale dall’altra. Si dimostra che l’idea dell’italianità, considerata finora piuttosto sul piano linguistico e culturale, era altrettanto inerente al progetto di una modernità basata sulle scienze naturali. Il paradigma delle scienze naturali, corrente all’epoca, si diffuse in prima linea attraverso le opere divulgative e belletristiche dell’antropologo e medico Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910). Mantegazza si sentiva investito, accanto ai suoi colleghi, di contribuire alla formazione del „carattere italiano“ e di creare – con i propri strumenti – l’uomo nuovo che, libero da ogni infermità fisica e sano sul piano mentale e psicologico, si sarebbe distinto per la sua produttività e la sua cultura avanzata. La sua visione era permeata da idee eugeniche estreme che contemplavano anche l’annientamento delle „vite indegne di vita“ in un crematorio.
A proposito di Nationes a Roma in età moderna: provenienza, appartenenza culturale, integrazione sociale
Authors: Fosi Irene 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Der Beitrag behandelt neuere Studien zum Thema der nationes im frühneuzeitlichen Rom in jüngeren Studien. Er bezieht sich auf Forschungen angesehener ausländischer Einrichtungen wie der Bibliotheca Hertziana, Studien italienischer und ausländischer Wissenschaftler, die an einem von der römischen Accademia di Ungheria organisierten Studientag teilgenommen hatten, aber auch auf Untersuchungen einzelner Wissenschaftler. Alle behandeln nicht nur die künstlerischen Perspektiven, dieser nationalen Einrichtungen – Kirchen, Bruderschaften, Kollegien –, sondern analysieren auch deren Rolle als soziale, kulturelle und politische Aggregations- und Integrationsorte, die sie in dem komplexen römischen Umfeld ausgefüllt haben. Eine eindeutige Definition der Begriffe natio und Nationalkirche bleibt dabei schwierig, vor allem dann, wenn in den Einrichtungen Personen und Gruppen aus entfernten Territorien und Grenzregionen zusammenkamen. Vor diesem vielschichtigen Hintergrund fehlt es ferner noch an einer vertieften Erörterung der Nationalkollegien, die eine Missions- und Beherbergungsfunktion in sich vereinten.
Zwischen München und Rom
Authors: Ferber Magnus Ulrich 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Il carteggio del gesuita Matthäus Rader, nato nella Germania meridionale, rappresenta non solo una fonte importante per lo studio della storia culturale bavarese, ma offre anche un’importante testimonianza per il transfer culturale tra l’Italia e la Germania all’inizio del XVII secolo. I suoi progetti editoriali sia filologici che storici spesso necessitavano, nel contesto delle procedure di censura interne all’ordine, dell’approvazione da parte della curia generalizia. Da ciò derivava un regolare scambio epistolare con la Città eterna che apriva a Rader l’accesso a manoscritti rari, conservati a Roma, e lo metteva in contatto con i bibliotecari locali. Tali rapporti facevano di lui un importante interlocutore per viaggiatori diretti da Roma verso la Baviera, ad esempio Leone Allacci, il quale nel 1623 avrebbe dovuto trasferire i fondi della Palatina in Italia. La posizione di Rader come storiografo ufficiale della corte bavarese comportava che egli propagasse a Roma la visione storica del suo committente, il duca Massimiliano I. Il contrasto provocato da Abraham Bzowski con Massimiliano per la rappresentazione dell’imperatore Ludovico IV nei suoi Annales ecclesiastici portò Rader sull’orlo di un conflitto con il preposito generale dei gesuiti, Vitelleschi; in tale cornice si concepì piuttosto come attore sullo sfondo della politica culturale bavarese.
Validity of Visual Assessment of Sit to Stand After Hip Fracture
Authors: Zablotny Cynthia , Hilton Tiffany , Riek Linda , Kneiss Janet , Tome Joshua , Houck Jeff 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:
When treating older adults post-hip fracture, physical therapists routinely assess the sit-to-stand (STS) task using observational analysis. Studies have demonstrated that significant movement asymmetries in ground reaction force production of the fractured lower limb persist during STS, even though individuals may rise independently. To date, the validity of therapist judgments of lower limb force during STS has not been addressed. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to determine the accuracy of physical therapists' observational assessments of STS for detecting the involved limb and its ground reaction force contribution in older adults post-hip fracture.

Methods:
Eighteen home health physical therapists assessed 10 videotapes of older adults post-hip fracture rising from sitting and judged the side of involvement and the amount of ground reaction force generated by the fractured lower limb. Each videotape was synchronized with its respective force data. A wide spectrum of asymmetry in rising was represented in the test videos. Before making these judgments, the therapists viewed a separate set of training videos and received instructions in the use of specific visual cues to assist with subsequent judgments.

Results and Discussion:
Therapists judged the involved side correctly 74% of the time. Mean accuracy in judging ground reaction force output was 39% across all therapists. Force symmetry did not significantly influence accuracy of force judgments. Inaccurate judgments of force may limit therapeutic intensity and minimize the potential for developing motor strategies that favor force production of the involved limb. Augmenting observational analysis of STS with quantitative data could assist in optimizing restorative function.

Conclusion:
Judgments of lower limb ground reaction force output during STS based on observation alone are not valid and may need to be supplemented with quantitative data.
Comparison of Psychological and Physiological Responses to Imposed vs. Self-selected High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Kellogg Erin , Cantacessi Cheyann , McNamer Olivia , Holmes Heather , von Bargen Robert , Ramirez Richard , Gallagher Daren , Vargas Stacy , Santia Ben , Rodriguez Karen , Astorino Todd A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Kellogg, E, Cantacessi, C, McNamer, O, Holmes, H, von Bargen, R, Ramirez, R, Gallagher, D, Vargas, S, Santia, B, Rodriguez, K, and Astorino, TA. Comparison of psychological and physiological responses to imposed vs. self-selected high-intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2945–2952, 2019—High-intensity interval training elicits similar physiological adaptations as moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Some studies report greater enjoyment to a bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. MICT, which is surprising considering that HIIE is more intense and typically imposed on the participant. This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between imposed and self-selected HIIE. Fourteen adults (age = 24 ± 3 years) unfamiliar with HIIE initially performed ramp exercise to exhaustion to measure maximal oxygen uptake (Vo
2max) followed by 2 subsequent sessions whose order was randomized. Imposed HIIE consisted of eight 60 seconds bouts at 80 percent peak power output (%PPO) separated by 60 seconds recovery at 10 %PPO. Self-selected HIIE (HIIESS) followed the same structure, but participants freely selected intensity in increments of 10 %PPO to achieve a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ≥7. During exercise, heart rate, Vo
2, blood lactate concentration (BLa), affect (+5 to −5), and RPE were assessed. Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale was measured after exercise. Results showed higher Vo
2 (+10%, p = 0.013), BLa (p = 0.001), and RPE (p = 0.001) in HIIESS vs. HIIEIMP, and lower affect (p = 0.01), and enjoyment (87.6 ± 15.7 vs. 95.7 ± 11.7, p = 0.04). There was a significantly higher power output in self-selected vs. imposed HIIE (263.9 ± 81.4 W vs. 225.2 ± 59.6 W, p < 0.001). Data suggest that intensity mediates affective responses rather than the mode of HIIE performed by the participant.
The Relationship Between Asymmetry and Athletic Performance: A Critical Review
Authors: Maloney Sean J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Maloney, SJ. The relationship between asymmetry and athletic performance: A critical review. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2579–2593, 2019—Symmetry may be defined as the quality to demonstrate an exact correspondence of size, shape, and form when split along a given axis. Although it has been widely asserted that the bilateral asymmetries are detrimental to athletic performance, research does not wholly support such an association. Moreover, the research rarely seeks to distinguish between different types of bilateral asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetries describe bilateral differences in anthropometric attributes, such as nostril width and ear size, and are thought to represent the developmental stability of an organism. There is evidence to suggest that fluctuating asymmetries may be related to impaired athletic performance, although contradictory findings have been reported. Sporting asymmetries is a term that may better describe bilateral differences in parameters, such as force output or jump height. These asymmetries are likely to be a function of limb dominance and magnified by long-standing participation within sport. Sporting asymmetries do not seem to carry a clear influence on athletic performance measures. Given the vast discrepancy in the methodologies used by different investigations, further research is warranted. Recent investigations have demonstrated that training interventions can reduce sporting asymmetries and improve performance. However, studies have not sought to determine whether the influence of sporting asymmetry is independent of improvements in neuromuscular parameters. It may be hypothesized that the deficient (weaker) limb has a greater potential for adaptation in comparison to the strong limb and may demonstrate greater responsiveness to training.
Improving the Signal-To-Noise Ratio When Monitoring Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Kennedy Rodney A. , Drake David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Kennedy, RA and Drake, D. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio when monitoring countermovement jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 85–90, 2021—Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance has been routinely used to monitor neuromuscular status. However, the protocol used to establish the criterion score is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to examine how the protocol used would influence of the sensitivity of CMJ variables in rugby union players. Fifteen male (age: 19.7 ± 0.5 years) rugby union players performed 8 CMJs on 2 occasions, separated by 7 days. The between-session coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated using 2 techniques for treating multiple trials, the average, and the trial with the best jump height (JH), and then compared with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The signal-to-noise ratio was measured as the group mean change in a variable divided by the CV. Using the average value across multiple trials is superior to the best trial method, based on lower CVs for all variables. Only the average performance across 6 or more trials was classified as ideal (CV < 0.5 × SWC) for peak velocity (PV). In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio for peak concentric power (PCP), PV, and JH were classified as good, irrespective of the treatment method. Although increasing the number of trials can reduce the random error, it may be pragmatic to simply take the average from 2 to 3 trials, facilitating a CV < SWC for PV, PCP, and JH. Due to its simplicity, JH may be considered the principal variable to monitor neuromuscular fatigue.
Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography under moderate sedation for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sherifi Ines , Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Varghese Mithun , Weiner Menachem , Anyanwu Ani , Kovacic Jason C. , Sharma Samin , Kini Annapoorna , Sengupta Partho P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The optimal periprocedural imaging strategy during transcathether aortic valve replacement (TAVR) performed under moderate sedation is debated. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides suboptimal views due to poorer resolution and patient positioning, whereas use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under moderate sedation is not widely utilized. The aim of our study was to compare the value of TTE in comparison with TEE guidance under moderate sedation during TAVR. The study population included 144 consecutive patients (mean age 83 ± 11 years, 78 (54%) females) who had TAVR under moderate sedation using either a TTE (n = 96) or TEE (n = 48). We compared procedural outcomes using propensity score matching. There were no significant inter-group differences in age, sex, ejection fraction, aortic valve area, pressure gradients, creatinine or type of valve used. The procedural time was significantly shorter in the TEE group (P < 0.001) and associated with a lower need for periprocedural aortograms (7.7 ± 1.9 vs 8.2 ± 1.9, P = 0.022) and a lower occurrence of acute kidney injury (1 vs 11, P = 0.047). The 1:1 propensity score matching also showed a lower procedural time (P = 0.032), number of aortograms (P = 0.014) and a trend toward lower acute kidney injury in the TEE group (P = 0.077). TAVR guidance using TEE is associated with a lower fluoroscopic time, a lower need for additional aortograms and trend in lower occurrence of post-TAVR acute kidney injury.
Genomic Model with Correlation Between Additive and Dominance Effects
Authors: Xiang Tao , Christensen Ole Fredslund , Vitezica Zulma Gladis , Legarra Andres 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Dominance genetic effects are rarely included in pedigree-based genetic evaluation. With the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism markers and the development of genomic evaluation, estimates of dominance genetic effects have become feasible using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). Usually, studies involving additive and dominance genetic effects ignore possible relationships between them. It has been often suggested that the magnitude of functional additive and dominance effects at the quantitative trait loci are related, but there is no existing GBLUP-like approach accounting for such correlation. Wellmann and Bennewitz (2012) showed two ways of considering directional relationships between additive and dominance effects, which they estimated in a Bayesian framework. However, these relationships cannot be fitted at the level of individuals instead of loci in a mixed model, and are not compatible with standard animal or plant breeding software. This comes from a fundamental ambiguity in assigning the reference allele at a given locus. We show that, if there has been selection, assigning the most frequent as the reference allele orients the correlation between functional additive and dominance effects. As a consequence, the most frequent reference allele is expected to have a positive value. We also demonstrate that selection creates negative covariance between genotypic additive and dominance genetic values. For parameter estimation, it is possible to use a combined additive and dominance relationship matrix computed from marker genotypes, and to use standard restricted maximum likelihood algorithms based on an equivalent model. Through a simulation study, we show that such correlations can easily be estimated by mixed model software and that the accuracy of prediction for genetic values is slightly improved if such correlations are used in GBLUP. However, a model assuming uncorrelated effects and fitting orthogonal breeding values and dominant deviations performed similarly for prediction.
Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalah Terhadap Pelaksanaan Upah Di Desa Prambatan Kecamatan Abab Kabupaten Pali
Authors: Saprida Saprida 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The results of this study showed that the implementation of a daily wage in the District Abab Prambatan village Pali district is one of the Ijara Ijara who transact human resource benefits or wages hired. Implementation of the daily wage is basically allowed in fikih muamalah, but when there is one of the requirements or pillars were not being met as stipulated in Islamic law, then it is not valid (not allowed). As wages in the implementation of the daily wage is not yet clear how the amount and timing of payment. This type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative, in the form of interview data directly to the person who entered into the implementation of the daily wage. While data collection techniques is by observation and interviews related to the writing of this study. Keywords: Fikih Muamalah, Ijarah Abstrak: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan upah harian di desa Prambatan Kecamatan Abab Kabupaten Pali merupakan salah satu bentuk ijarah yakni ijarah yang mentransaksikan manfaat sumber daya manusia atau upah mengupah. Pelaksanaan upah harian ini pada dasarnya diperbolehkan dalam fikih muamalah, akan tetapi ketika ada salah satu syarat atau rukun yang tidak terpenuhi sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam syariat Islam, maka hal tersebut tidak sah (tidak diperbolehkan). Seperti upah dalam pelaksanaan upah harian yang belum jelas berapa jumlahnya dan waktu pembayarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, berupa data hasil wawancara langsung kepada orang yang mengadakan pelaksanaan upah harian. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan cara observasi dan wawancara yang berhubungan dengan penulisan penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Fiqih Muamalah, Ijarah DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v5i1.7904