bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterisation of one new and one known species of Makatinus Heyns, 1965 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) from Ukraine, with new insights into its phylogeny
Authors: Krainer Liubomyr , Susulovsky Andrij , Rybarczyk-Mydłowska Katarzyna , Kubicz Magdalena , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Makatinus ukrainicus sp. n. and a population of M. aquaticus, both from Ukraine, are described and illustrated using morphological, morphometric and molecular (28S rDNA) data. The new species is characterised by its 2.17-2.70 mm long body, 20-23 μm broad lip region, odontostyle 20.5-25 μm long at its ventral side and 23-27 μm long at its dorsal side, 591-672 μm long neck, uterus simple and 163-174 μm long or 2.0-4.7 corresponding body diam. long, V = 49.5-52.8, tail convex-conoid (29-39 μm, c = 61-86, c′ = 0.6-0.9), spicules 86-93 μm long, two pairs of adcloacal supplements, and 17-21 closely and regularly spaced ventromedian supplements without an hiatus. In general, the Ukrainian population of M. aquaticus fits well those previously known from Spain and Hungary, and its study confirms the identity of this species. The morphological and molecular data of the Ukrainian populations reveal an interesting diversity within the genus, which might not be a monophyletic taxon.
Two new species of Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with land snails in Northwest Caucasus, Russian Federation: description and molecular affiliation
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Geraskina Anna P. , Spiridonov Sergei E. 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Two new nematode species of Phasmarhabditis were isolated from land snails in North and West Caucasus, Russian Federation. Phasmarhabditis circassica sp. n. originated from Oxychilus sp. collected by the Nickel settlement in the Adygea Republic while P. clausiliiae sp. n. came from Clausiliidae gen. sp. in the Stavropol district. Phasmarhabditis circassica sp. n. is characterised morphologically by male spicules with a hollow tip, a widely conoid, spicate female tail, ensheathed dauer juveniles 896 (813-982) μm long with a tiny but distinct cuticular apical cap and a long filamentous tail, and exsheathed dauers 773 (670-950) μm long with a tail half as long as in the ensheathed dauers and with a rounded tip. Phasmarhabditis clausiliiae sp. n. is very close to P. circassica sp. n. in having similar morphological traits and is differentiated mainly in having a longer female tail of 94 (79-111) vs 82 (54-125 μm) and the much smaller ratio c of 13.7 (10.3-18.4) vs 22.7 (16.8-27.5) and by its molecular characteristics. The molecular analysis based on partial sequences of LSU rDNA, and ITS rDNA regions has been performed and showed that the closest match for both new species was P. bohemica. Despite the morphological similarity between the species described, significant difference between these two new species was reported both for LSU rDNA and ITS rDNA.
The Uneven Travels of World Literature
Authors: Neumann Birgit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The essay engages with possibilities of translating Creole in Anglophone world literatures and investigates the socio-political frames within which translations occur. It has been argued that it is impossible to translate, read and understand the connotations of Creole without their historical and cultural contexts, from which these linguistic varieties are derived and which they conversely help produce. Texts thriving on Creole, such as Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners, are highly context-sensitive and call for close, historically and locally grounded readings. The translation and translatability of Creole begs crucial questions concerning the common understanding of world literature as travelling texts. The essay discusses these questions with an eye to the role of English as a global literary vernacular, before moving on to examine Miriam Mandelkow’s recent German translation of Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners.
The Temporoparietal Fascia Flap is an Effective Strategy for Cochlear Implant Wound Coverage
Authors: Leonhard Lucas , Roche Joseph , Wieland Aaron , Pyle G Mark 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To report the rate of major soft tissue complications after cochlear implantation and to describe the use of the temporoparietal fascia (TPF) flap for such complications. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary care, University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Chart review of all patients who underwent cochlear device implantation over a 5-year period to identify patients and to determine the rate of soft tissue complications. Five patients with major soft tissue complications underwent TPF flap with device salvage or explantation/reimplantation. Results: The rate of major skin complications was 6 out of 281 (2.1%) over 5 years, with 5 patients undergoing TPF flap. The average follow-up was 25.8 months (range, 5-58 months). TPF flap represented the definitive, successful solution for all 5 patients. One postoperative hematoma occurred after TPF flap, with no long-term sequelae. The average hospital length of stay was 2.2 nights (range, 1-5 nights). One patient required IV antibiotics for 4 weeks; the remaining patients were treated with a postoperative course of oral antibiotics. The original device remained in place for 4 patients, while one case required device explantation and staged re-implantation. Post-TPF flap hearing results were equal to if not superior to their preoperative results. Conclusion: Major soft tissue complications following cochlear device implantation are rare. The temporoparietal fascia flap is an excellent option for reconstruction of device site soft tissue dehiscences when local wound care and primary closure are not sufficient, and can potentially prevent explantation of a functional implant.
Efficacy of compulsory community treatment and use in minority ethnic populations: A statewide cohort study
Authors: Kisely Steve , Moss Katherine , Boyd Melinda , Siskind Dan 
Published: September 2019

Background: There is conflicting and equivocal evidence for the efficacy of compulsory community treatment within Australia and overseas, but no study from Queensland. In addition, although people from Indigenous or culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are over-represented in compulsory admissions to hospital, little is known about whether this also applies to compulsory community treatment. Aims: We initially investigated whether people from Indigenous or culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in terms of country of birth, or preferred language, were more likely to be on compulsory community treatment using statewide databases from Queensland. We then assessed the impact of compulsory community treatment on health service use over the following 12 months. Compulsory community treatment included both community treatment orders and forensic orders. Methods: Cases and controls from administrative health data were matched on age, sex, diagnosis and time of hospital discharge (the index date). Multivariate analyses were used to examine potential predictors of compulsory community treatment, as well as impact on bed-days, time to readmission or contacts with public mental health services in the subsequent year. Results: We identified 7432 cases and controls from January 2013 to February 2017 (total n = 14,864). Compulsory community treatment was more likely in Indigenous Queenslanders (adjusted odds ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval = [1.28, 1.65]) subjects coming from a culturally and linguistically diverse background (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = [1.37, 1.72]), or those who had a preferred language other than English (adjusted odds ratio = 1.66; 95% confidence interval = [1.30, 2.11]). While community contacts were significantly greater in patients on compulsory community treatment, there was no difference in bed-days while time to readmission was shorter. Restricting the analyses to just community treatment orders did not alter these results. Conclusion: In common with other coercive treatments, Indigenous Australians and people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are more likely to be placed on compulsory community treatment. The evidence for effectiveness remains inconclusive.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Objective Measures of Situation Awareness: A Comparison of SAGAT and SPAM
Authors: Endsley Mica R. 
Published: September 2019

Objective To examine evidence of sensitivity, predictiveness, and methodological concerns regarding direct, objective measures of situation awareness (SA). Background The ability to objectively measure SA is important to the evaluation of user interfaces and displays, training programs, and automation initiatives, as well as for studies that seek to better understand SA in both individuals and teams. A number of methodological criticisms have been raised creating significant confusion in the research field. Method A meta-analysis of 243 studies was conducted to examine evidence of sensitivity and predictiveness, and to address methodological questions regarding Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), Situation Present Assessment Technique (SPAM), and their variants. Results SAGAT and SPAM were found to be equally predictive of performance. SPAM (64%) and real-time probes (73%) were found to have significantly lower sensitivity in comparison to SAGAT (94%). While SAGAT was found not to be overly memory reliant nor intrusive into operator performance, SPAM resulted in problems with intrusiveness in 40% of the studies examined, as well as problems with speed-accuracy tradeoffs, sampling bias, and confounds with workload. Concerns about memory reliance, the utility of these measures for assessing Team SA, and other issues are also addressed. Conclusion SAGAT was found to be a highly sensitive, reliable, and predictive measure of SA that is useful across a wide variety of domains and experimental settings. Application Direct, objective SA measurement provides useful and diagnostic insights for research and design in a wide variety of domains and study objectives.
A Critical Look Into Stapedotomy Learning Curve: Influence of Patient Characteristics and Different Criteria Defining Success
Authors: Lovato Andrea , Kraak Jeroen , Hensen Erik F. , Smit Conrad F. , Giacomelli Luciano , de Filippis Cosimo , Merkus Paul 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To evaluate stapedotomy learning curve with cumulative summation methodology using different success criteria (ie, air-bone gap [ABG] ≤10 dB, ABG ≤15 dB, restoration of interaural symmetry, or hearing threshold gain >20 dB), and to assess patient characteristics influencing or modifying the learning curve. Methods: Retrospective chart review of primary and revision stapedotomy cases performed by surgeon 1 (S1, n = 78) and surgeon 2 (S2, n = 85). Results: Using the classic criterion for a successful stapedotomy (ABG ≤10 dB), patients with preoperative ABG >34 dB were associated with unsuccessful procedures (S1 P = .02; S2 P = .07). Revision surgery was associated with unsuccessful outcomes (S1 P = .005; S2 P = .0012). Cumulative summation plots using different criteria did not show a linear trend of association between stapedotomy success and number of operations, but preoperative characteristics of the patients who underwent stapedotomy significantly influenced the plots. Cumulative summation plots showed an initial increasing tendency with improving results, but when ear surgeons got more skilled, they operated on more complex cases (ie, patients with higher preoperative ABG or revision stapedotomy) and they could not meet the success criteria. Conclusions: Cumulative summation plots do not seem useful to evaluate the stapedotomy learning curve, as they do not correctly deal with heterogeneous case series. The increasing complexity of the stapedotomy patients during the surgeons’ career impacts on the outcome of stapedotomy and confounds the evaluation of the growing skills of the surgeon. Stapedotomy audiological success rates are strongly influenced by the success criteria used.
Sex influences in the preventive effects of N-acetylcysteine in a two-hit animal model of schizophrenia
Authors: Monte Aline Santos , da Silva Francisco Eliclécio Rodrigues , Lima Camila Nayane de Carvalho , Vasconcelos Germana Silva , Gomes Nayana Soares , Miyajima Fábio , Vasconcelos Silvania Maria Mendes , Gama Clarissa S , Seeman Mary V , de Lucena David Freitas , Macedo Danielle S 
Published: September 2019

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by patient sex. Mechanisms underlying sex differences in SCZ remain unknown. A two-hit model of SCZ combines the exposure to perinatal infection (first-hit) with peripubertal unpredictable stress (PUS, second-hit). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been tested in SCZ because of the involvement of glutathione mechanisms in its neurobiology. Aims: We aim to investigate whether NAC administration to peripubertal rats of both sexes could prevent behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by the two-hit model. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (a viral mimetic) or saline on postnatal days (PND) 5–7. On PND30–59 they received saline or NAC 220 mg/kg and between PND40–48 were subjected to PUS or left undisturbed. On PND60 behavioral and oxidative alterations were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. Mechanisms of hippocampal memory regulation such as immune expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), α7-nAChR and parvalbumin were also evaluated. Results: NAC prevented sensorimotor gating deficits only in females, while it prevented alterations in social interaction, working memory and locomotor activity in both sexes. Again, in rats of both sexes, NAC prevented the following neurochemical alterations: glutathione (GSH) and nitrite levels in the PFC and lipid peroxidation in the PFC and striatum. Striatal oxidative alterations in GSH and nitrite were observed in females and prevented by NAC. Two-hit induced hippocampal alterations in females, namely expression of GPER-1, α7-nAChR and parvalbumin, were prevented by NAC. Conclusion: Our results highlights the influences of sex in NAC preventive effects in rats exposed to a two-hit schizophrenia model.
Understanding How Markets and State Action Shape Costs and Prices of Healthcare in Post-globalization India: A Study of High-end Imaging Services in Kerala
Authors: Thekkekara John Varghese , Thiagarajan Sundararaman 
Published: September 2019

Globalization has pressurized the developing nations to open their health sector for profit-driven private investors—both domestic and foreign. In a private sector dominant unregulated healthcare market like India, the service providers are free to determine the fee for services. In the present policy context of the role of central government shifting to strategic purchasing of services from the private sector (National Health Policy, 2017) and discussions on regulation of prices in private healthcare markets, an understanding of the cost of services and its relationship to prices is essential. Very few attempts have been made to estimate the cost of advanced diagnostic services; those done have most often used the traditional costing methods. Bottom-up micro-costing method which is considered as the gold standard in hospital costing is used in this study to estimate the cost of three services: CT scan, MRI scan and Cath-Lab in three districts of Kerala. A comparison with the per capita income of the population is also attempted to analyse the contextual differences in costs and prices. Using the bottom-up micro-costing method, the lowest estimated cost of service for a brain CT scan in Kerala is ₹667, for MRI scan of the brain is ₹1,177, for angiogram is ₹4,344 and for Angioplasty is ₹11,291. The costs of services are higher in locations of lower per capita income. However, the price for services is higher in locations of higher per capita income. The market prices appear to be driven by commercial interests that decide on what prices the market can bear, rather than on competition or costs of producing the services. The presence of public facilities offering the selected services at a certain fixed rate influences market prices by influencing private players to limit their prices at a level very close to the public co-players—but prices in public sector are itself significant—and could be exclusionary.
Waiting Time: The Expectations and Preferences of Patients in a Paediatric OPD
Authors: Sengupta Mitali , Chakrabarti Satyajit , Mukhopadhyay Indraneel 
Published: September 2019

Quality healthcare and satisfaction are gradually emerging as important areas, which need much attention. The factors of patient satisfaction have been identified under varied conditions globally. In the Indian context, one key patient satisfaction factor has been attributed to waiting time. Long waiting time has been one of the major reasons of patient dissatisfaction and assumes significance when associated with paediatric events. The following study has successfully identified key attributes, which are associated with long waiting times within paediatric outpatient department (OPD) settings. The possible implications of the long waiting periods have been recorded through semi-structured interviews, and further in-depth analysis of individual factors were carried out to predict the probable outcomes. The qualitative exploratory study design has helped to understand the perception of parents/care givers (in case of neonates and toddlers) and adolescents, thereby successfully highlighting the need for further study in the patient satisfaction domain involving paediatric population. The various implications which the waiting time has on them have been taken into consideration. The inter-related themes have been identified after analyzing the interviews. These substantiate the fact that designing innovative mitigation strategies on proper and timely communication, updated technological know-how, improvising hospital protocols for better operational processes and coordination among the staff can go a long way in enhancing the patient/parent experience within OPD settings.
Ceramic Artificial Talus as the Initial Treatment for Comminuted Talar Fractures
Authors: Katsui Ryuhei , Takakura Yoshinori , Taniguchi Akira , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: September 2019

Background: Comminuted talar fractures are rare. Generally, this fracture occurs as a result of high-energy injuries. Therefore, this operation is challenging for the surgeon. We started to replace the whole talus with a total talar prosthesis in cases of aseptic talar necrosis in 2005. Based on these results, replacement with a ceramic artificial talus was performed as the initial treatment for comminuted talar fractures. Methods: From 2009 to 2016, a total of 6 feet of 6 patients with comminuted talar dome fractures or talar body defects were replaced with a ceramic artificial talus. The patients’ mean age was 40.3 years (range, 19-59). Postoperative assessments were performed in accordance with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score system. Postoperative range of motion and sports activities were also evaluated. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 84 (mean, 46.8) months. Results: The postoperative AOFAS score was on average 78.8 (64-100). The postoperative range of motion was on average 10 degrees (5-20) for dorsiflexion and 31 degrees (15-50) for plantarflexion. Three patients had returned to sport activities. Conclusion: Prosthetic total talar replacement was a useful procedure for patients with comminuted talar fractures, which had good congruency of the custom-made implant with the adjacent joints, resulting in stability, and maintained ankle function. Furthermore, this procedure could prevent the complications of long-term external fixation and non-weight-bearing walking seen after open reduction and arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective comparative study.
LGALS4 as a Prognostic Factor in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder Affects Cell Functions
Authors: Ding Yu , Cao Qifeng , Wang Chen , Duan Huangqi , Shen Haibo 
Published: September 2019

Background: To identify the hub genes related to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder prognosis and to understand their underlying mechanism. Methods: The expression profiles of 18 pairs of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder patient tissue and paired adjacent tissue obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were performed. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to screen gene modules and hub genes with significant differential expressions in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The hub genes expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder tissues was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overall survival curve and disease-free survival curve of prognostic factor ( LGALS4) were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, LGALS4 messenger RNA and protein expression were also assessed in 2 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cell lines (T24 and 5637) by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functions of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells with transfected pcDNA3.1- LGALS4 were identified through MTT assay, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and cell migration experiments. Results: LGALS4 was the hub gene of pink module and it was related to prognosis. Higher LGALS4 expression predicted higher probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival. Overexpression of LGALS4 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells suppressed cell viability and migration but induced apoptosis. Conclusion: LGALS4 played a critical role in the progression of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and held a promise to be the biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It predicted good prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and restrained the growth and migration of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells.