bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical characteristics of Triassic and Cretaceous phosphorite horizons from the Transdanubian Mountain Range (western Hungary): genetic implications
Authors: Molnár Zsuzsa , Kiss Gabriella B. , Dunkl István , Czuppon György , Zaccarini Federica , Dódony István 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe carbonate-dominated Mesozoic sequence of the Transdanubian Mountain Range contains Triassic, uranium-enriched phosphorite layers and Cretaceous,REE-enriched nodular phosphorite. Detailed investigation of these deposits may have an economic benefit because of their large U andREEcontents. The dominant minerals in the Triassic phosphorite are carbonate-bearing fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite. According to the electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) the U is mainly associated with the CFA crystals. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measurement shows that CFA contains 137–612 ppm U and 113–261 ppm totalREE + Y. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of the uppermost phosphorite horizon is 237 ± 11 Ma, which conforms with the stratigraphic age of the host limestone.The Cretaceous nodular phosphorite occurs on the base of an Aptian crinoid-bearing limestone mostly in the form of encrustations around bio- and silicic-clasts, but the clasts also contain phosphorite. The main minerals in these crusts are CFA, calcite, quartz, glauconite and Fe-oxide-hydroxides. Based on EPMA theREEenrichment is related to CFA and LA-ICP-MS measurements show that it contains 748–2953 ppm totalREE + Y.The redox-sensitive proxies and the shape of NASC normalizedREEpatterns indicate that both phosphorites formed in anoxic environments. There are significant differences between these deposits such as appearance, rock-forming minerals, and U andREEcontents which indicate differences in their sedimentary environments. The present results suggest that the Triassic phosphorite was formed by inorganic precipitation in a reducing environment close to sea-mounts. The Cretaceous occurrence resulted from a concentric growth mechanism in cold, ascending seawater at the continental margin environment during the anoxic Selli Event (OAE 1a) and/or Paquier Episode (OAE 1b). The critical raw material contents were derived from other sources.
Multidimensional fatigue in pulmonary hypertension: prevalence, severity and predictors
Authors: Tartavoulle Todd M. , Karpinski Aryn C. , Aubin Andrew , Kluger Benzi M. , Distler Oliver , Saketkoo Lesley Ann 
Published: March 2018

Pulmonary hypertension is a potentially fatal disease. Despite pharmacological advances in pulmonary hypertension, fatigue remains common in patients with pulmonary hypertension.A convenience sample of 120 participants at an international patient conference completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)-20 scale. Data on New York Heart Association Functional Class, body mass index, oxygen use and medication type/use were also collected.There was a high prevalence of “severe” to “very severe” fatigue for each dimension: General Fatigue (60%), Physical Fatigue (55.8%), Reduced Activity (41.7%), Reduced Motivation (32.5%) and Mental Fatigue (27.5%). The mean±sdoverall MFI-20 score was 58±5.1. Dimensions with the highest averaged levels were General Fatigue (13.40±3.61), Physical Fatigue (13.23±3.67) and Reduced Activity (11.33±4.16). Body mass index correlated with higher fatigue scores. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor plus endothelin receptor antagonist combination negatively predicted General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Reduced Motivation and Reduced Activity. Triple therapy was a significant predictor of General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue and Reduced Activity. There were no significant predictors of Mental Fatigue.Multidimensional fatigue is common and severe in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor plus endothelin receptor antagonist combination resulted in lower scores in most fatigue dimensions. Comprehensive assessment of fatigue should be considered in the clinical care of patients with pulmonary hypertension and clinical research to develop formal interventions that target this disabling symptom.
Multiple inflammasomes may regulate the interleukin-1-driven inflammation in protracted bacterial bronchitis
Authors: Chen Alice C-H. , Tran Hai B. , Xi Yang , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Baines Katherine J. , Pizzutto Susan J. , Carroll Melanie , Robertson Avril A.B. , Cooper Matthew A. , Schroder Kate , Simpson Jodie L. , Gibson Peter G. , Hodge Greg , Masters Ian B. , Buntain Helen M. , Petsky Helen L. , Prime Samantha J. , Chang Anne B. , Hodge Sandra , Upham John W. 
Published: March 2018

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in young children is characterised by prolonged wet cough, prominent airway interleukin (IL)-1β expression and infection, often with nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi). The mechanisms responsible for IL-1-driven inflammation in PBB are poorly understood.We hypothesised that the inflammation in PBB involves the NLRP3 and/or AIM2 inflammasome/IL-1β axis. Lung macrophages obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with PBB and age-matched healthy controls were cultured in control medium or exposed to live NTHi.In healthy adult PBMCs, CD14+monocytes contributed to 95% of total IL-1β-producing cells upon NTHi stimulation. Stimulation of PBB PBMCs with NTHi significantly increasedIL-1βexpression (p<0.001), but decreasedNLRC4expression (p<0.01). NTHi induced IL-1β secretion in PBMCs from both healthy controls and patients with recurrent PBB. This was inhibited by Z-YVAD-FMK (a caspase-1 selective inhibitor) and by MCC950 (a NLRP3 selective inhibitor). In PBB BAL macrophages inflammasome complexes were visualised as fluorescence specks of NLRP3 or AIM2 colocalised with cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved IL-1β. NTHi stimulation induced formation of specks of cleaved IL-1β, NLRP3 and AIM2 in PBMCs, blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.We conclude that both the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes probably drive the IL-1β-dominated inflammation in PBB.
Five-Year Follow-Up of Nivolumab in Previously Treated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the CA209-003 Study
Authors: Gettinger Scott , Horn Leora , Jackman David , Spigel David , Antonia Scott , Hellmann Matthew , Powderly John , Heist Rebecca , Sequist Lecia V. , Smith David C. , Leming Philip , Geese William J. , Yoon Dennis , Li Ang , Brahmer Julie 
Published: March 2018

Purpose In two phase III studies, nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor antibody, improved overall survival (OS) versus docetaxel in pretreated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report 5-year follow-up results from an early phase I study of nivolumab in this patient population and describe characteristics of 5-year survivors. Patients and Methods Patients with pretreated, advanced NSCLC received nivolumab 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks in 8-week cycles for up to 96 weeks. OS from the time of first dose was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The estimated 5-year OS rate was 16% for all treated patients (N = 129); 5-year OS rates were similar for squamous (16%) and nonsquamous (15%) NSCLC. Of 16 5-year survivors, most (88%) were known current or former smokers. Of 10 5-year survivors with quantifiable PD-1 ligand 1 expression, 70% had ≥ 1% PD-1 ligand 1 expression at baseline. Twelve 5-year survivors (75%) achieved a partial response to nivolumab per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.0, and two each (12%) had stable disease and progressive disease as best response. Nine 5-year survivors (56%) completed the maximum 96 weeks of nivolumab; four (25%) discontinued owing to adverse events and three (19%) owing to disease progression. As of a November 2016 database lock, 12 5-year survivors (75%) received no subsequent therapy and were without evidence of progressive disease at last follow-up. Conclusions Nivolumab treatment resulted in long-term OS and durable responses in a proportion of patients with pretreated advanced NSCLC. Long-term survivors had diverse baseline and on-treatment characteristics.
Memory decline accompanies subthreshold amyloid accumulation
Authors: Landau Susan M. , Horng Andy , Jagust William J. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveExtensive cortical β-amyloid (Aβ positivity) has been linked to cognitive decline, but the clinical significance of elevations in Aβ within the negative range is unknown.MethodsWe examined amyloid and cognitive trajectories (memory, executive function) in 142 cognitively normal older individuals enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who were Aβ-negative at baseline and who had at least 2 [18F]-florbetapir PET scans over 3.9 ± 1.4 years. We determined whether Aβ accumulation was associated with longitudinal changes in memory or executive function.ResultsAmong baseline-negative individuals, florbetapir slope (mean annual increase 0.002 ± 0.008 standardized uptake value ratio units/y) was not related to age, sex, education, APOE4 status, baseline memory or executive function, temporoparietal glucose metabolism, baseline hippocampal volume, or hippocampal volume change; but it was related to higher baseline cortical florbetapir, indicating that Aβ accumulation was ongoing at baseline in those who accumulated during the study. Over the course of follow-up, 13 individuals converted to florbetapir+ and 14 nearly nonoverlapping individuals converted to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease. Amyloid accumulation among baseline-negative individuals was associated with poorer longitudinal memory performance (p = 0.019), but it was not associated with changes in executive function. Reducing the sample to individuals with at least 3 timepoints to estimate the florbetapir slope strengthened the relationship further between florbetapir accumulation and memory decline (p = 0.007).ConclusionsMemory decline accompanies Aβ accumulation in otherwise healthy, Aβ-negative older adults. Amyloid increases within the negative range may represent the earliest detectable indication of pathology with domain-specific cognitive consequences.
Beta oscillations and urinary voiding in Parkinson disease
Authors: Roy Holly A. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Fitzgerald James J. , Green Alexander L. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of beta oscillations in urinary voiding and their association with lower urinary tract symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe used surgically implanted deep brain stimulation electrodes to record local field potential signals from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) of patients with PD during urinary voiding. Five patients with STN electrodes and 5 patients with GPi electrodes were tested. We also explored correlations between beta oscillatory power and urinary symptoms assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire.ResultsBeta suppression occurred during urinary voiding in the GPi (p < 0.05) but not the STN. Furthermore, the beta signal in the GPi during voiding correlated significantly with severity of incontinence and urinary frequency (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, we have demonstrated that local field potentials can provide information about the neural control of the bladder. Our findings suggest that the GPi is implicated in the process of urinary voiding and that its mechanism of action is linked to signals in the beta frequency band. Moreover, our correlational analyses show that beta oscillations may be implicated more generally in the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in PD.
The role of the microRNA-146a/complement factor H/interleukin-1β-mediated inflammatory loop circuit in the perpetuate inflammation of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Tao-Ran , Jia Yan-Jie , Ma Chao , Qiu Wen-Ying , Wang Qun , Shao Xiao-Qiu , Lv Rui-Juan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, it is unclear how the perpetuate inflammation develops. Some recent studies have suggested the possible involvement of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in the modulation of inflammatory signaling occurring in TLE. To understand how miR-146a modulates inflammatory signaling in TLE, we investigated the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), miR-146a and human complement factor H (CFH) in the perpetuate inflammation in rat models of chronic TLE and U251 cells. We found that enhancive miR-146a could upregulate the expression of IL-1β and downregulate the expression of CFH, whereas reductive miR-146a could downregulate the expression of IL-1β and upregulate the expression of CFH, in hippocampi of chronic TLE rat models. Meanwhile, enhancive miR-146a could increase the abnormal wave forms in the chronic TLE rat models. Additionally, enhancive IL-1β could feedback downregulate the expression of CFH, upregulate the expression of miR-146a and increase the abnormal wave forms in chronic TLE rat models. After CFH gene knockdown in U251 cells, enhancive miR-146a did not upregulate the expression of IL-1β. In summary, this study shows that enhancive miR-146a can upregulate the inflammatory factor IL-1β in chronic TLE by downregulating CFH, and that upregulation of IL-1β plays an important feedback-regulating role in the expression of miR-146a and CFH, forming a miR-146a–CFH–IL-1β loop circuit that initiates a cascade of inflammation and then leads to the perpetuate inflammation in TLE. Therefore, modulation of the miR-146a–CFH–IL-1β loop circuit could be a novel therapeutic target for TLE.
Ligand-controlled Behavior of Ag(I)–π Complex as σ-Lewis Acid
Authors: Maeda Kazuki , Takahashi Toshifumi , Tomifuji Rei , Hirao Naoya , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
An efficient σ-Lewis acidic Ag(I) complex has been obtained by complexation with an electron-donating π-conjugated molecule as a side-on π ligand. The σ-Lewis acidity is possibly derived from the controlled linear coordination around Ag(I) due to the π ligand. A combination of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses clearly revealed that the complex is formed by π ligand-to-Ag(I) charge-transfer interaction. The σ-Lewis acidity was evaluated by IR spectroscopy using 2,6-dimethyl-γ-pyrone as the σ-Lewis basic molecule.
Comparison between Slow Components of HR and V˙O2 Kinetics: Functional Significance
Authors: ZUCCARELLI LUCREZIA , PORCELLI SIMONE , RASICA LETIZIA , MARZORATI MAURO , GRASSI BRUNO 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Aerobic exercise prescription is often based on a linear relationship between pulmonary oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and heart rate (HR). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that during constant work rate (CWR) exercises at different intensities, the slow component of HR kinetics occurs at lower work rate and is more pronounced that the slow component of V˙O2 kinetics.

Methods
Seventeen male (age, 27 ± 4 yr) subjects performed on a cycle ergometer an incremental exercise to voluntary exhaustion and several CWR exercises: 1) moderate CWR exercises, below gas exchange threshold (GET); 2) heavy CWR exercise, at 45% of the difference between GET and V˙O2 peak (Δ); 3) severe CWR exercise, at 95% of Δ; 4) “HRCLAMPED” exercise in which work rate was continuously adjusted to maintain a constant HR, slightly higher than that determined at GET. Breath-by-breath V˙O2, HR, and other variables were determined.

Results
In moderate CWR exercises, no slow component of V˙O2 kinetics was observed, whereas a slow component with a relative amplitude (with respect to the total response) of 24.8 ± 11.0% was observed for HR kinetics. During heavy CWR exercise, the relative amplitude of the HR slow component was more pronounced than that for V˙O2 (31.6 ± 11.2% and 23.3 ± 9.0%, respectively). During HRCLAMPED, the decrease in work rate (~14%) needed to maintain a constant HR was associated with a decreased V˙O2 (~10%).

Conclusions
The HR slow component occurred at a lower work rate and was more pronounced than the V˙O2 slow component. Exercise prescriptions at specific HR values, when carried out for periods longer than a few minutes, could lead to premature fatigue.
Overview of the NASA 70-day Bed Rest Study
Authors: CROMWELL RONITA L. , SCOTT JESSICA M. , DOWNS MEGHAN , YARBOUGH PATRICE O. , ZANELLO SUSANA B. , PLOUTZ-SNYDER LORI 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 70-day Bed Rest Study. The integrated complement of investigations and the standardized bed rest environment that served as the platform for this study complement are described. Outcomes of the studies will not be presented here but will be reported in separate publications.

Methods
A set of studies running in an integrated fashion along the entire period (pre–, in–, and post–bed rest) and using the same subjects is referred in this article as “the campaign” or “complement.” NASA selected eight individual studies to participate in the 70-d bed rest campaign. These studies were integrated to increase efficiency in the utilization of resources and to share common measures among the investigations. In addition to the individual studies addressing specific aims, a battery of standardized measures was included. Standard measures target a wide range of physiologic systems and represent some of the testing routinely done on astronauts. Bed rest subjects underwent rigorous medical and psychological screening. Standardized conditions included 70 d of bed rest in a 6° head-down tilt position. Subjects’ vital signs, body weight, and fluid intake and output were measured daily. A standardized diet was provided to ensure consistent nutritional intake across subjects. Exercising subjects were prescribed individualized aerobic and resistance training 6 d·wk−1 performed in a horizontal body position. Subjects in the testosterone supplementation countermeasure group received testosterone enanthate injections at 2-wk intervals during bed rest.

Conclusion
Long-duration head-down tilt bed rest provided a suitable platform for examining physiologic effects of spaceflight and testing countermeasures in a ground-based model. Integrating studies into a complement is an effective way to support multiple investigations while minimizing the number of subjects to answer many research questions.
The use of synthetic colloids in dogs and cats
Authors: SAVVAS (Ι. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ) Ι. , PAPASTEFANOU (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΥ) Α. , ANAGNOSTOU (Τ. ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΟΥ) Τ. 
Published: March 2018

It is common in small animal clinical practice to administer fluids in order to replace water deficits or to treat diseases. One of the indications of the fluid therapy is treatment of low intravascular volume, which begins with crystalloid administration. Colloids, however, are more effective in maintaining intravascular volume than crystalloid solutions, because they contain high molecular weight molecules that do not cross capillary walls. As a result, plasma oncotic pressure increases, resulting in water transfer from the interstitial to the intravascular space. The administered volume of a colloid is equal or slightly bigger than the required replacement volume, and the total volume administered is lower than the required volume of a crystalloid. Therefore, colloids should be considered when a patient does not appear to be responding appropriately to the crystalloid fluid infusion or when oedema develops prior to adequate blood volume restoration. The most common side effects of colloid administration may be volume overload, anaphylactic reaction, renal toxicity and coagulation disorders. Colloids are natural and synthetic. Natural colloids include whole blood, plasma and blood products. Synthetic colloids are dextrans, gelatins and starches.Haemoglobine-based oxygen carriers may improve oxygenation and act as colloids. Dextrans have a mean molecular weight of either 40,000 or 70,000 daltons. They have a short half-life and may cause coagulation defeciencies, anaphylactic reactions or acute renal failure. Gelatins have a shorter half-life. Starches are glucose polymers with glycosidic bonds and hydroxyl-ethyl groups.According to the number of these groups, they are distinguished in three types: hetastrach, tetrastarch and pentastarch. They have oncotic effects, long half-life and few side effects. Colloids are mainly administered in shock, as well as in hypoproteinaemia, sepsis and third space losses. They are always co-administered with crystalloids, in order to replace interstitial water as well. Water loss replacement is treated in three phases. Initially, intravascular volume is restored (resuscitation phase), then interstitial space is hydrated (rehydration phase) and finally cells are hydrated (maintenance phase). Depending on the underlying disease, different combinations of crystalloids and colloids are used. Special attention is needed in cases of internal haemorrhage, increased endothelial permeability and hypoproteinaemia.
Timely referral saves the lives of mothers and newborns: Midwifery led continuum of care in marginalized teagarden communities – A qualitative case study in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Anderson Rondi , Doraiswamy Sathyanarayanan , Abdullah Abu Sayeed Md. , Purno Nabila , Rahman Fazlur , Halim Abdul 
Published: March 2018

Background: Prompt and efficient identification, referral of pregnancy related complications and emergencies are key factors to the reduction of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. As a response to this critical need, a midwifery led continuum of reproductive health care was introduced in five teagardens in the Sylhet division, Bangladesh during 2016. Within this intervention, professional midwives provided reproductive healthcare to pregnant teagarden women in the community. This study evaluates the effect of the referral of pregnancy related complications. Methods: A qualitative case study design by reviewing records retrospectively was used to explore the effect of deploying midwives on referrals of pregnancy related complications from the selected teagardens to the referral health facilities in Moulvibazar district of the Sylhet division during 2016. In depth analyses was also performed on 15 randomly selected cases to understand the facts behind the referral. Results: Out of a total population of 450 pregnant women identified by the midwives, 72 complicated mothers were referred from the five teagardens to the facilities. 76.4% of mothers were referred to conduct delivery at facilities, and 31.1% of them were referred with the complication of prolonged labour. Other major complications were pre-eclampsia (17.8%), retention of the placenta with post-partum hemorrhage (11.1%) and premature rupture of the membrane (8.9%). About 60% of complicated mothers were referred to the primary health care centre, and among them 14% of mothers were delivered by caesarean section. 94% deliveries resulted in livebirths and only 6% were stillbirths. Conclusions: This study reveals that early detection of pregnancy complications by skilled professionals and timely referral to a facility is beneficial in saving the majority of baby’s as well as mother’s lives in resource-poor teagardens with a considerable access barrier to health facilities.