bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: The Impact of HIV Infection on Cancer Treatment with Immunotherapy
Authors: Granwehr Bruno Palma 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer have been intimately linked since the first cases of HIV were identified after investigation of unusually high rates of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients without other risk factors. HIV not only impairs the immune system but also drives a chronic inflammatory response. The significance of the chronic inflammatory response has become more evident, as patients with HIV survive longer on antiretroviral therapy, developing cancers more typical of the aging population. Cancer treatment offered to patients with HIV includes traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Some oncologists abbreviate courses or reduce doses of treatment in patients with HIV. The promising field of immunotherapy, exemplified by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer care. Some of the first studies of ICIs conceived of these agents as an approach to overcome “immune exhaustion” in patients with HIV and other chronic viral infections. In fact, clinical trials are underway to assess the impact of ICIs on patients with HIV with low CD4 counts, despite virologic suppression. Experience with ICI in patients with HIV and cancer is limited, but available studies suggest that HIV remains well-controlled, with CD4 count stable to increasing and viral load stable to decreasing. Immune-related adverse effects have varied, with one case series reporting higher than expected rates, but immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has not been reported. In addition to these other therapies, stem cell transplant (SCT) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective. In selected patients with HIV, SCT has even led to the cure of HIV, as noted in two confirmed cases. The treatment of patients with HIV and cancer will benefit from clinical trials designed for this population, as well as new guidelines to aid oncologists in providing care for these patients. Collaboration between oncologists and HIV providers is essential in managing the treatment of HIV during cancer therapy, as well as addressing infectious and other complications that arise. This collaboration will lead to continued improvement in the management of this growing patient population.
Application of 3D Music Inventory Control Technique for the Controlled Drugs in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kant Sunil , Patnaik SK , Kapoor Pawan , Singh Madhav Madhusudan , Mehrotra Sameer , Basukala Sunil , Ranyal RK , Yadav Punit 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Approximately 35% of annual hospitals budget is spent on buying materials and supplies, including medicines. The medical store is one of the most extensively used facilities of the hospital and hence it is essential that health managers use scientific methods to achieve efficient management and patient satisfaction. Aims and objectives: To apply selective inventory control techniques for the drugs used in intensive care unit of tertiary care teaching hospital.

Aims and objectives
To apply selective inventory control techniques for the drugs used in intensive care unit of tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and methods
The annual consumption and expenditure incurred on each item of controlled drugs in medical intensive care unit (ICU) for the years 2013 to 2014 was analyzed, and inventory control techniques, i.e. ABC, VED and ABC-VED matrix analysis, were applied.

Results
It was observed that 13 medicines (43.33%) out of 30 were classified in the category1 (AV + BV + CV + AE + AD) for stringent control. Conclusion: Scientific inventory control management to be applied for efficient management of medical stores.

Conclusion
Scientific inventory control management to be applied for efficient management of medical stores.

How to cite this article
Mehrotra S, Basukala S, Kapoor P, Kant S, Ranyal RK, Yadav P, Varshney S, Patnaik SK, Singh MM. Application of 3D Music Inventory Control Technique for the Controlled Drugs in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015; 3(1):5-9.
Optimal Utilization of Government Assisted Financing for Poor Patients: Facilitation by a Hospital
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Chandra Hem , Bhardwaj Nitin Dutt , Mansoor Faiyaz , Mandal Rimma , Srivastava Dinesh Chandra 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sole objective of healthcare financing is that rich and poor should be treated equally as poverty is not a disability and wealth is not an advantage. Approximately, 78% of Indian population spends for healthcare from out of pocket expenditure, remaining by salary, agriculture, business, etc. Only 3% population is covered by health insurance. Prime minister (PM) fund is one of the methods to offset the treatment cost from poor.

Objective
Present paper is aimed to highlight the contribution of PM fund for patients getting treatment at Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) hospital and efforts made by hospital for its optimal utilization.

Materials and methods
Retrospective studies were carried out in 2010 and July 2013 for contribution received form PM fund for indoor poor patients treatment during last 5 years, number of patient availed/not availed financial assistance, reasons for not availing, on the line of problem solving process. Efforts made by SGPGIMS for its optimal utilization were also highlighted.

Result
During financial year 2007-2008 to 2009-2010, total 1246 patients received the fund of worth USD 1.30 million (₹ 78792750.00) and only USD 1.09 million (₹ 65569869.00) was utilized by 1110 (89%) patients. One hundred and thirtysix (10.91%) patients did not utilize. Hospital administration made efforts for optimal utilization by minimizing the barriers, consequently it improved the utilization by 8.20%. During financial year 2010-11 to 2011-12, USD 1.85 million (₹ 111081789.00) was received for 1450 patients, out of which 730 patients have already utilized and 682 are still using the fund (total 1412/97.40%) and 38 patients (2.60%) did not use it.

Conclusion
Simple efforts made by hospital improved the utilization of PM fund by 8.20% and poor were really benefited. Hospitals should also fulfill the social responsibility by facilitating the patients.

How to cite this article
Chandra H, Bhardwaj ND, Mansoor F, Mandal R, Srivastava DC, Harsvardhan R. Optimal Utilization of Government Assisted Financing for Poor Patients: Facilitation by a Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(1):25-28.
Impact of Nutritional Services of Anganwadi Workers in Improving Nutritional Status of Infants in Delhi: A Study by Mixed Method Technique
Authors: Davey Sanjeev , Davey Anuradha , Adhish S Vivek , Bagga Rajni 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the presence of integrated child development services (ICDS) program in rural area of Delhi, the real impact of nutritional services of ICDS program on nutritional status of infants is not very clear, therefore, studying this area may provide new insights in this field.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2015 (3 months). All children up to 1 year of age (in AWC 1 and 2 area of a one rural ICDS block) were examined for their nutritional status by weight for age criteria. The registered infants of both these Anganwadi centers (AWCs) and their mothers were simultaneously observed for all kind of nutritional services they received from Anganwadi workers (AWWs) by way of key informants interviews and this was further confirmed by applying secret customer technique.

Results
The prevalence of mild to moderate malnutrition among infants in both the AWC area (AWC 1 area—6 months to 1 year category—52.9%, AWC 2 area (from 0—6 months and 6 months—1 year—69.3%) was higher. The key feeding factors identified for such scenario were: Improper colostrums feeding, wrong age of initiation of semisolid feeding, exclusive breastfeeding not done for 6 months, etc. [especially for AWC 2 area (p < 0.05) and AWC 1 area (p > 0.05)] among the AWCs. These factors were further confirmed by poor efforts of both AWWs in providing nutritional services toward mother and infants.

Conclusion
Anganwadi workers need to focus on quality of nutritional services provided toward mothers of infants and this area needs regular monitoring and supervision from ICDS and health system meticulously.

How to cite this article
Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. Impact of Nutritional Services of Anganwadi Workers in Improving Nutritional Status of Infants in Delhi: A Study by Mixed Method Technique. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):57-64.
Code Blue Policy for a Tertiary Care Trauma Hospital in India
Authors: Bhoi Sanjeev , Sharma DK , Singh Sheetal , Sardana Sapna Ramani , Chauhan Sonia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
“Code Blue” is generally used to indicate a patient requiring resuscitation or in need of immediate medical attention, most often as the result of a respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. When called overhead, the page takes the form of “Code Blue, (floor), (room)” to alert the resuscitation team where to respond. Every hospital, as a part of its disaster plans, sets a policy to determine which units provide personnel for code coverage. In theory, any emergency medical professional may respond to a code, but in practice the team makeup is limited to those with advanced cardiac life support or other equivalent resuscitation training. Frequently, these teams are staffed by physicians (from anesthesia and internal medicine in larger medical centers or the emergency physician in smaller ones), respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and nurses. A code team leader will be a physician in attendance on any code team; this individual is responsible for directing the resuscitation effort and is said to “run the code”. This phrase was coined at Bethany Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas. The term “code” by itself is commonly used by medical professionals as a slang term for this type of emergency, as in “calling a code” or describing a patient in arrest as “coding”.1
The purpose of this study is to make available policy with regard to Code Blue which can be followed in a tertiary care hospitals. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between January and June 2015. The study population included doctors, nursing personnel, paramedical staff and quality managers of tertiary care hospital from public and private hospitals. Checklist was made after an exhaustive review of literature which was then improvised. The checklist was discussed in focused group discussion held on 1 June 2015, and suggestions were incorporated. Validation of the checklist was also done by experts in various private and public hospitals. Subsequently, interaction was done with study population against the backdrop of the checklist and Code Blue policy was formulated.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Sharma DK, Bhoi S, Sardana SR, Chauhan S. Code Blue Policy for a Tertiary Care Trauma Hospital in India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):114-122.
Planning and Designing of Clinical Engineering Department in a Hospital
Authors: Singh Madhav Madhusudan , Patnaik Saroj Kumar , Srivastva Pradeep , Satia Harish K , Singh Mahavir 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Biomedical/clinical engineering departments (CED) with expertise in engineering and technology management have a vital role to play in determining the potential for implementation and cost-effectiveness of new medical technologies through technology assessment. It provides planned preventive maintenance and repair facility in a state of optimum operational efficiency along with conducts training and research in clinical engineering. For a successful design, the workflow should be kept in mind in terms of its functional needs that are related to space. The clinical engineering and maintenance unit may consist of functional areas dependent on the operational policy and service demand. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), lighting and acoustic, electrical, fire planning should be done with deliberation and as per specification.

How to cite this article
Singh MM, Patnaik SK, Srivastva P, Satia HK, Singh M. Planning and Designing of Clinical Engineering Department in a Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):129-134.
Indigenous Beliefs About Little People
Authors: Roman Curtis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Indigenous people throughout Australia share stories about what they commonly refer to in Aboriginal English as “Little People.” They believe Little People are small people that can at times be seen by Indigenous people. This article shows that regardless of where Indigenous people are from in Australia, there are strong similarities in their stories and experiences of Little People and in their descriptions of Little People. The article shows that Indigenous people believe in the existence of Little People as contemporaneous beings and shows that they continue to have encounters with Little People today. If Indigenous people see them on their own traditional land, they see them as guardians of the land; if they are not on their traditional land, they see the presence of Little People as potentially frightening and hostile.
Popular Modernism in the Late Krazy Kat Comics: Industry and Innovation in the Color Sundays
Authors: Peppis Paul 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This article reads George Herriman's celebrated Krazy Kat comic as an exemplar of popular modernism, a mass cultural product that works from inside a popular medium to make it new. Analyzing specific color comics Herriman produced between 1935 and his death in 1944, the article illuminates the range of techniques Herriman developed over the strip's final decade as he assimilated for the first time the color protocols of the Hearst newspaper syndicate and retooled his comic's layouts, narratives, and style in response. In time, Herriman articulated a late popular modernist aesthetics characterized by formalism, minimalism, and self-reflexivity.
Novas eleições, novas estratégias? O HGPE dos candidatos à prefeitura de Curitiba em 2012 e 2016
Authors: Ferracioli Paulo , Sbaraini Fontes Giulia 
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do artigo é verificar como os candidatos à prefeitura de Curitiba Rafael Greca e Gustavo Fruet fizeram uso da propaganda eleitoral no primeiro turno da campanha de 2016, em comparação com o pleito anterior. Com esse intuito, foram utilizados dados codificados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo a partir dos programas de televisão do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE). Três hipóteses são testadas: 1) a de que o candidato à reeleição Fruet passou a utilizar predominantemente as estratégias de mandatário em 2016; 2) a de que Greca não fez grandes mudanças por continuar sendo desafiante e; 3) a de que o tema econômico apareceria com mais frequência em 2016. Os resultados, entretanto, apontaram para a confirmação parcial da H1 – já que, para algumas variáveis típicas de mandatário, Fruet apresentou queda entre uma eleição e outra – e para a não confirmação da H2 - já que Greca apresentou mudanças na sua estratégia - e da H3 – já que a variável econômica apareceu de forma tímida em 2016, e somente na campanha de Fruet.
Modification of the Bio-Rad iQ-Check Listeria spp. Kit for the Detection of Listeria Species in Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Klass Nicole , Bastin Benjamin , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Clark Mike , Tourniaire Jean-Philippe , Pierre Sophie , Quiring Christophe , Chen Yi , Ryser Elliot , Salfinger Yvonne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The Bio-Rad iQ-Check Listeria spp. Kit uses real-time PCR technology for detection of Listeria species in select food matrixes and environmental surfaces. Objective: The iQ-Check Listeria spp. method was modified to reduce the enrichment medium volume for environmental sponges from 225 and 100 to 60 mL and to reduce the enrichment time for sponges and swabs from 25 ± 1 to as short as 18 h. The modified method was validated with stainless steel, polystyrene plastic, and sealed concrete using sponges or swabs with two different neutralizing buffers (Letheen Broth and HiCap™ Neutralizing Broth). In addition, the Bio-Rad Free DNA Removal Solution was used for all environmental samples. Methods: The iQ-Check Listeria spp. modified method was compared with the reference culture method in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 8.10 using an unpaired study design. Results: In the method comparison study, the iQ-Check Listeria spp. modified method demonstrated no statistical difference in performance between candidate and reference method results or between presumptive and confirmed results for all environmental surfaces analyzed using HiCap Neutralizing Broth (World Bioproducts LLC) and Letheen broth. Conclusions: The modified iQ-Check Listeria spp. method is an effective method for the detection of Listeria species in environmental surfaces using both types of neutralizing buffer. Highlights: The method modification was granted based on the data collected.
Sickle Cell Disease in East African Countries: Prevalence, Complications and Management
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Musa Taha Hussein , Obore Nathan , Papabathini Shireen Salome 
Published: September 2019

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common life-threatening monogenic disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease has a high prevalence in malaria-endemic tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although sickle-cell trait (SCT) offers protective advantage against malaria, it does not apply to homozygous individuals with sickle cell anemia but instead makes them more susceptible to not only malaria but to also other infections, causing a great deal of under-five mortality. Despite the fatal risks and high incidence rates of SCD, little attention is given, in terms of funding, management and surveillance, especially among East African countries. In addition, few works of literature exist, and less has been documented about the disease. This minireview aimed to report the current situation in terms of prevalence, mortality, diagnosis and management of SCD among East African countries; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi.
SCD is characterised by retarded growth, chronic pain attacks and severe organ damage leading to fatal complications. This, coupled with limited resources in East African countries, reduces the survival of SCD patients and most die before five years. SCD is detected through a blood test usually by Haemoglobin electrophoresis, and Hydroxyurea therapy, antibiotics and blood transfusion are used to prevent complications. Early childhood detection through comprehensive newborn screening programmes has been implemented in some countries and is key in the management of the disease.
Processing, Isolation, Detection, and Interpretation of Aerobic Bacteriology Cultures
Authors: Harrington Amanda T. , Yarbrough Melanie L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on processing of specimens for aerobic bacteriology and interpretation and rapid identification of bacterial growth on primary culture media. The initial processing of clinical specimens for aerobic bacteriology is a multifaceted endeavor involving a number of decision‐making steps, including assessing the need for processing the specimen for anaerobic bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology, depending on the nature of the specimen and requests from clinicians. First, one must consider the specimen type and its anatomic origin. The second step is the selection of primary isolation medium to be used for each specimen type. The initial interpretation of aerobic bacterial growth on primary culture media is an opportunity for the medical laboratory scientist or clinical microbiologist to make a preliminary identification and decide what additional tests and procedures must be performed to arrive at a definitive identification. The chapter presents a list of commonly used primary plating media.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures
Authors: Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is the result of infection of the meninges. Identification of the infecting agents is one of the most important functions of the diagnostic microbiology laboratory because acute meningitis is life‐threatening. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient suspected of having meningitis is an emergency specimen that requires immediate processing to determine the etiologic agent. CSF is obtained by transcutaneous aspiration, and therefore, all organisms recovered from the culture are potential pathogens and must be reported to the physician immediately. Aerobic bacteria commonly cause bacterial meningitis, but anaerobes may be present in CSF when a meningeal abscess or a similar infectious process is adjacent to the meninges. These include traumatic head injury or prostheses, such as metal cranial plates and shunt drains. The chapter focuses on specimen collection, transport, and handling, quality control, procedure, interpretation and limitations of the procedure.
Fecal and Other Gastrointestinal Cultures
Authors: Pillai Dylan R. , Griener Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Fecal cultures should not be performed for patients being treated with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents, because it is likely that the antimicrobial therapy is responsible for the diarrhea.
Campylobacter
is the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen isolated from fecal cultures.
Campylobacter
,
Arcobacter
, and
Helicobacter
species are Gram‐negative curved, gull‐winged, or spiral‐shaped bacilli which are motile by polar flagella and exhibit diverse growth requirements that can make them difficult to culture by routine methods.
Arcobacter
organisms are considered emerging enteropathogens and identified as the causative agents in outbreaks of gastroenteritis, though they can be isolated from stool of asymptomatic people and their significance as human pathogens has not been definitively established. For pediatric patients admitted with gastroenteritis and on bowel rest, it may take several days to collect a stool specimen.
Introduction
Authors: Schuetz Audrey N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are a significant component of the normal microbiota of the human host. There are anaerobes present on most body surfaces and mucous membranes; they exist in large numbers throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the colon; and they are found in large numbers in the female genitourinary tract. Anaerobic bacteria can cause a wide variety of infections, including wound infections as a result of trauma or surgery; abscesses of the liver, brain, lung, and other local sites; appendicitis; peritonitis; chronic otitis media and sinusitis; endophthalmitis; bacteremia; endocarditis; myonecrosis; gas gangrene; and dental and oral infections. This chapter discusses resurgence of Lemierre's syndrome and the increased association of newly named and emerging anaerobes with many types of infections. It describes acceptable specimen collection, transport, and inoculation for anaerobe recovery. The chapter provides situational examples outlining the extent to which anaerobe work‐up should be followed.