bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil pyroptosis regulates corneal wound healing and post‐injury neovascularisation
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Zhentao , Sakai Lilian , Xu Yanping , Wang Shanzhi , Lee Kyung Eun , Geng Bingchuan , Kim Jongsoo , Zhao Bao , Wang Qiang , Wen Haitao , Chandler Heather L. , Zhu Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRationaleThe cornea is a unique structure that maintains its clarity by remaining avascular. Corneal injuries can lead to neovascularisation (CNV) and fibrosis and are the third most common cause of blindness worldwide.ObjectiveCorneal injuries induce an immune cell infiltration to initiate reparative processes. However, inflammation caused by sustained immune cell infiltration is known to be detrimental and can delay the healing process. This study was designed to understand the potential role of neutrophil and epithelial cell crosstalk in post‐injury CNV.Methods and resultsWestern blotting and immunostaining assays demonstrated that neutrophils infiltrated corneas and underwent pyroptosis following acute alkali injury. In vivo studies showed that genetic ablation of Gasdermin D (GsdmD), a key effector of pyroptosis, enhanced corneal re‐epithelialisation and suppressed post‐injury CNV. In vitro co‐culture experiments revealed that interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was released from pyroptotic neutrophils which suppressed migration of murine corneal epithelial cells. Real‐time RT‐PCR and immunostaining assays identified two factors, Wnt5a and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sflt‐1), highly expressed in newly healed epithelial cells. sflt‐1 is known to promote corneal avascularity. Bone marrow transplantation, antibody mediated neutrophil depletion, and pharmacological inhibition of pyroptosis promoted corneal wound healing and inhibited CNV in an in vivo murine corneal injury model.ConclusionTaken together, our study reveals the importance of neutrophil/epithelium crosstalk and neutrophil pyroptosis in response to corneal injuries. Inhibition of neutrophil pyroptosis may serve as a potential treatment to promote corneal healing without CNV.Key points
Neutrophil pyroptosis delays re‐epithelialization after corneal injury
Compromised re‐epithelialization promotes corneal neovascularization after injury
Inhibition of post‐injury pyroptosis could be an effective therapy to promote corneal wound healing.
Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Identifying Prediabetes and Diabetes in Normoglycemia
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yao Weidong , Wang Dawei , Hu Wenqi , Zhang Guang , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrediabetes and diabetes are both abnormal states of glucose metabolism (AGM) that can lead to severe complications. Early detection of AGM is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. However, fasting blood glucose (FBG) as a mass population screening method may fail to identify some individuals who are actually AGM but with normoglycemia. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to identify AGM among individuals with normoglycemia using routine health check‐up indicators.MethodsAccording to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, participants with normoglycemia (FBG ≤ 5.6 mmol/L) were collected from 2019 to 2023, and then divided into AGM and Normal groups using glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% as the threshold. Data from 2019 to 2022 were divided into training and internal validation sets at a 7:3 ratio, while data from 2023 were used as the external validation set. Seven ML algorithms—including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting machine, multilayer perceptron (MLP), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost)—were used to build models for identifying AGM in normoglycemia population. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) and the precision‐recall curve (auPR). The feature contributions to the optimal model was visualised using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Finally, an intuitive and user‐friendly interactive interface was developed.ResultsA total of 59,259 participants were finally enroled in this study, and then divided into the training set of 32,810, the internal validation set of 14,060, and the external validation set of 12,389. The Catboost model outperformed the others with auROC of 0.806 and 0.794 for the internal and external validation set, respectively. Age was the most important feature influencing the performance of the CatBoost model, followed by fasting blood glucose, red blood cells, haemoglobin, body mass index, and triglyceride‐glucose.ConclusionA well‐performed ML model to identify AGM in the normoglycemia population was built, offering significant potential for early intervention and treatment of AGM that would otherwise have been missed.
Photooxidation of Polystyrene into High‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Jiang Shusheng , Chen Yunhan , Huang Yahao , Hu Peng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlastics play a crucial role in the survival and advancement of human civilization. However, the increasing challenge of plastic pollution presents significant obstacles. Disposal methods such as incineration and landfilling result in substantial resource wastage and pose potential environmental hazards. The slow progress in recycling and reusing waste plastics hinders their industrial application and effective response to environmental crises. Photocatalysis offers promising solutions for the future of plastic recycling, particularly with the recent increase in photocatalytic degradation methods for polystyrene (PS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the photooxidation of PS into high‐value chemicals.
Pain‐related impairment in daily activities after lung cancer surgery: A 1‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Danielsen Allan V. , Andreasen Jan J. , Dinesen Birthe , Hansen John , Petersen Kristian K. , Duch Kirsten S. , Simonsen Carsten , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) following thoracic surgery affects 40%–60% of patients undergoing lung resection due to malignancies. Postoperative pain‐related symptoms are common, leading to limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and deterioration in physical function, which significantly impacts quality of life. Pain‐related limitations are of interest, as postsurgical pain may present as a target for intervention to improve postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PPSP and ADL limitations during the first 12 postoperative months after surgery for lung cancer.MethodsA total of 124 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer were followed for 12 months. Every 2 months, participants reported ADL limitations attributed to PPSP. Cumulative pain impairment scores were calculated from reported limitations in 14 daily activities, and recovery trajectory patterns were analysed.ResultsDaily activities most affected by PPSP were carrying bags, arm elevation, climbing stairs, cleaning floors and coughing, with >50% reporting limitations across all assessment times. Reported pain intensities were generally mild (NRS≤3), but still associated with significant impairment. Some recovery was observed in patients reporting pain at rest, but PPSP was consistently associated with higher cumulative pain impairment scores at all assessments during the 12‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionsFindings indicate that persistent postsurgical pain, even of mild intensity, is associated with significant limitations in daily activities up to 12 months post‐surgery. Some improvement in pain‐related impairment was observed, although limitations remained significantly higher in patients reporting persistent postsurgical pain, as compared to pain‐free patients.SignificanceSurgery remains a cornerstone in the treatment of early‐stage lung cancer. Despite advances in minimally invasive techniques and rehabilitation, persisting postsurgical pain and pain‐related limitations in daily activities may endure. This study investigated specifically the pain‐related limitations in activities of daily living and described recovery trajectories during the first 12 postoperative months. Patients with persistent postsurgical pain experienced multiple limitations compared to pain‐free patients. Although partial recovery was observed, impairments remained significant for up to 12 months after surgery.
Separation of Lung Cancer Cells From Mixed Cell Samples Using Aptamer‐Modified Magnetic Beads and Permalloy Micromagnets
Authors: Lin Shu‐Hui , Tsai Yun‐Jung , Su Tzu‐Cheng , Lai Shih‐Lun , Jen Chun‐Ping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study involved the design and fabrication of a microfluidic chip integrated with permalloy micromagnets. The device was used with aptamer‐modified magnetic beads (MBs) of various sizes to successfully separate lung cancer cells from a mixture of other cells. The overall separation efficiency was evaluated based on the ratios of cells in the different outlets and inlets of the chip. The results showed efficiencies ranging from 43.4% to 50.2% for MB sizes between 1.36 and 4.50 µm. Interestingly, efficiency slightly decreased as the size of the MBs increased, contrary to predictions. Further examination revealed that larger MBs exerted gravitational force on the cell‐bound MBs at low flow rates, causing the targets to settle before reaching the main microchannel region. This was attributed to fluidic resistance caused by a size mismatch between the inlet tube and the microfluidic conduit. An increase in cell accumulation at the inlet was observed with larger MB sizes due to gravity. Therefore, the definition of effective separation efficiency was revised to exclude the effect of cell accumulation at the inlet. Effective separation efficiencies were found to be 71.6%, 76.4%, and 79.4% for MB sizes of 1.36, 3.00, and 4.50 µm, respectively. The study concluded that larger MBs interacted more with the magnetic force, resulting in better separation. However, cells with smaller MBs were more likely to evade the magnetic force. The investigation provides valuable insights into isolating lung cancer cells using this method, with the potential for clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Advanced Mineral Deposit Mapping via Deep Learning and SVM Integration With Remote Sensing Imaging Data
Authors: Jan Nazir , Minallah Nasru , Sher Madiha , Wasim Muhammad , Khan Shahid , Al‐Rasheed Amal , Ali Hazrat 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutomating mineral delineation and rock type analysis using remote sensing imaging data is a critical application of machine learning. Traditional machine learning methods often struggle with accuracy and precise map generation. This study aims to enhance performance through a refined deep learning model. In this work, we present a deep learning pipeline to map the mineral deposits in the study area. Initially, we apply a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to a specialized mineral dataset to map mineral deposits within the study area. Subsequently, we build a hybrid model combining deep CNN layers with a support vector machine (SVM). This merger significantly improves classification accuracy from an initial 92.7% to 95.3%. In our approach, CNN layers function as feature extractors while the SVM serves as the classification model. Moreover, we conduct an evaluation of the SVM using polynomial kernels of degrees 3, 6, 9, and 12. The results indicate that the SVM with a degree of 12 achieved the highest classification accuracy, followed by degrees 9, 6, and 3. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for classifying remote sensing imaging data, showcasing its potential for advancing mineral delineation and rock type analysis.
Localized Laser Heat Treatment on AISI 1045 Steel Using a LPBF Laser
Authors: Ours Benjamin , Rehman Hammad Ur , Downard Scott , Cyders Timothy , Wisner Brian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLaser heat treatment (LHT) can provide local microstructure modification for metallic materials. This study investigates the viability of LHT on AISI 1045 steel using a laser designed for laser powder bed processing (LPBF) with a very small beam diameter compared to existing literature. Energy density models from the literature are analyzed and adapted to improve consistency across varying laser properties, mainly focusing on spot size and laser–material interaction time. Fifteen different laser parameter schematics are evaluated, comparing hardness versus depth relations as well as laser‐affected zone (LAZ) profiles. Through adapting the energy density model, new laser parameters are calculated and demonstrated to produce a valid localized heat treatment.
Non‐linear time history analyses of a rigid block isolated with unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs): A comparison between 3D finite element and phenomenological models
Authors: Sheikh Hediyeh , Pianese Gaetano , Ruparathna Rajeev , Van Engelen Niel C. , Milani Gabriele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNumerical modeling represents a pivotal tool in the seismic analysis and design of structural systems, enabling the detailed prediction and examination of structural responses under seismic loading. This research conducts a comparative analysis of two numerical modeling approaches aimed at simulating the seismic response of unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs). The research focuses on a finite element (FE) model developed using Abaqus and a developed phenomenological model implemented in OpenSees, outlining the development and calibration processes for each. The FE model is developed based on simple rubber material testing data, while the phenomenological model is calibrated using experimental results from cyclic shear tests conducted on the UFREI device and the FE model. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of these modeling approaches in predicting UFREI behavior under seismic conditions. This evaluation entails comparing model predictions with experimental data obtained from unidirectional shake table tests performed on a rigid block isolated by two UFREIs. This paper highlights the distinct advantages and limitations of each model in simulating UFREI dynamic responses during seismic events. Furthermore, it provides insights into the modeling techniques and discusses the computational demands and data requirements of each model, thereby aiding in their application to various aspects of seismic analysis and design.
Forecasting Beta Using Ultra High Frequency Data
Authors: Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines if using ultra high frequency (UHF, e.g., tick‐by‐tick) data could improve the accuracy of beta forecasts compared with using only moderately high frequency (MHF, minute‐level) data. We propose a novel two‐step paired t‐test for performance evaluation. Our test exploits the cross‐sectional variations in the beta forecasts and avoids the issues associated with the traditional approach which requires choosing a proxy for the true beta. Our tests provide strong evidence that using UHF data generally yields more accurate beta forecasts than using MHF data. Furthermore, we show that the UHF estimator consistently belongs to the group of best risk‐hedging performers for portfolios constructed based on both industrial classifications and size and book‐to‐market ratios. However, we also find that using UHF data of a coarser scale (e.g., 5 or 15 s) leads to reduced benefits compared with using tick‐by‐tick data. Our conclusions hold when different UHF estimators and sample periods are used.
A Novel One‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Approach for Count‐Type Outcomes That Is Robust to Correlated and Uncorrelated Pleiotropic Effects
Authors: Liyanage Janaka S. S. , Hankins Jane S. , Estepp Jeremie H. , Srivastava Deokumar , Rashkin Sara R. , Takemoto Clifford , Li Yun , Cui Yuehua , Mori Motomi , Weiss Mitchell J. , Kang Guolian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose two novel one‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to causal inference from count‐type health outcomes, tailored to both equidispersion and overdispersion conditions. Selecting valid single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) poses a key challenge for MR approaches, as it requires meeting the necessary IV assumptions. To bolster the proposed approaches by addressing violations of IV assumptions, we incorporate a process for removing invalid SNPs that violate the assumptions. In simulations, our proposed approaches demonstrate robustness to the violations, delivering valid estimates, and interpretable type‐I errors and statistical power. This increases the practical applicability of the models. We applied the proposed approaches to evaluate the causal effect of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on the vaso‐occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome (ACS) events in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and revealed the causal relation between HbF and ACS events in these patients. We also developed a user‐friendly Shiny web application to facilitate researchers' exploration of causal relations.
Prison Education Is Dangerous
Authors: Castro Erin L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this chapter, I argue that prison education is dangerous. In a context where individual incarcerated people have restricted autonomy, non‐incarcerated students, staff, and faculty from colleges and universities can cause real harm by neglecting to consider the vast power differentials between non‐ or never‐incarcerated educators and students in prison.
Efficacy and Safety of Laser Therapy and Phototherapy in Cicatricial and NonCicatricial Alopecia: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Jafari Mohammad Amin , Bazgir Ghazal , Hosseini‐Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn recent years, the application of various light and laser devices in the treatment of different types of alopecia has been established. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of laser therapy and phototherapy in cicatricial and non‐cicatricial alopecia.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were evaluated across four subgroups: alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and cicatricial alopecia. Included studies were published in English or Persian between January 2010 and September 2023, focusing on interventional, cohort, or case series research that achieved a minimum score of 75% on the EBL checklist. Exclusion criteria encompassed animal and in vitro studies, review articles, case reports, duplicated or irrelevant research, as well as studies that did not meet the designated EBL score. Editorial letters and case studies were also excluded.ResultsInitially, 965 records were collected, resulting in the inclusion of 58 studies in the final review: 26 on alopecia areata, 26 on androgenic alopecia, five on cicatricial alopecia, and one on telogen effluvium. Narrow‐band ultraviolet B, 308‐nm excimer laser, and psoralen ultraviolet A therapy showed varying effectiveness; specifically, the excimer laser was notably effective for patients with shorter disease duration. In androgenic alopecia, erbium‐glass and thulium lasers effectively increased hair density but showed a gradual decline posttreatment. Low‐level light/laser therapy also increased hair density and diameter and exhibited potential benefits when used alongside minoxidil, but did not significantly enhance outcomes in telogen effluvium treatment.ConclusionLight/laser therapy can serve as an additive treatment for cicatricial alopecia, particularly lichen planopilaris, but has limited efficacy in treating telogen effluvium. Overall, light/laser therapies exhibit a significant positive effect on increasing hair density and diameter across various alopecia types.
Exergetic analysis and multiparametric optimization of a novel three‐fluid‐based organic Rankine cycle evaporative system via Taguchi method
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEvaluations were conducted on the thermal performance of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system using three fluids as the evaporative system at a low‐grade heat source. The modified ORC evaporators were replaced with a three‐fluid system, which included hot fluids at the top and bottom and an isopentane working fluid in the middle section. Furthermore, the thermal performance assessment with a hot fluid heat transfer ratio in the outer and inner tubes (Q2/Q1) varying from 25:75 to 75:25 has been investigated. The impact of the hot fluid's (Q2/Q1) heat transfer ratios to saturated steam on the modified ORC's thermal performance assessment was examined, with an evaporative temperature range of 45–65°C and a pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) of 3–10°C. The Taguchi technique solves multiparameter optimization using the L9 orthogonal array. The findings showed that in three‐fluid‐based modified ORC systems, the network output, exergetic efficiency, and irreversibility went down with PPTD for all three Q2/Q1 cases. For Q2/Q1 of 75:25, the ORC's energetic efficiency and overall irreversibility reached their optimum, while a PPTD of 3–10°C reduced the exergetic efficiency by 19.71%. Also, Q2/Q1 of 75:25 showed the highest and 200% higher ORC system work done at PPTD of 3°C than Q2/Q1 of 25:75—the lowest. Modified ORC network generation, energy output, and heat transfer rate showed excellent results at an evaporative temperature of 58.33°C. For optimal network productivity, Q2/Q1 of 75:25 was 160% and 40% greater than 50:50 and 25:75 at 58.33°C, respectively. The three‐fluid‐based modified ORC system performs better with a 75:25 Q2/Q1 ratio. According to Taguchi's analysis, evaporation temperature affects the improved ORC system's thermal, exergy, and network generation. Also, heat transfer ratios (F = Q2/Q1) largely affect system irreversibility.
Effect of Variable Gravity Field on Dual Component Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Anisotropic Porous Layer With Temperature‐Dependent Heat Source
Authors: Gangadharaiah Y. H. , Ananda K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines how gravity fluctuations, the couple stress parameter, anisotropic parameters, and heat source collectively influence dual‐component convection in the porous layer. The linear analysis is conducted utilizing the normal mode technique. The authors proposed three categories of gravity fluctuation, namely: (a) linear, (b) parabolic, and (c) exponential. Expressions for both stationary and oscillatory Rayleigh numbers are derived using the Galerkin approach. Neutral stability curves for both stationary and oscillatory modes are analyzed, with graphical representations to show the effects of various stability parameters, including gravity fluctuations, couple stress, anisotropy, and heat source. The results show that the mechanical anisotropy parameter and Vadasz number lead to system destabilization, while the couple stress parameter, Lewis number, gravity parameter, solute Rayleigh number, and thermal anisotropy parameter help to stabilize the system. Furthermore, the system is more stable with exponential gravity fluctuations and less stable with parabolic gravity fluctuations. This finding offers insights into thermal convective instability in porous media, impacting applications in geoscience, engineering, and environmental science.