bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chinese English dictionary: An online resource for Chinese English lexicography
Authors: Qin Melissa Xiaohui , Gao Jingyang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study adopts a transnational perspective and attempts to survey a comprehensive range of the lexical outcome of diverse Chinese–English contact ecologies. It constructs a unified systematic framework of identifying and defining contact‐induced lexical items that originated in Chinese by qualitatively analyzing the admitted as well as excluded data of the Chinese English dictionary and evaluates the applicability of the framework by quantitatively checking the data derived from the framework against six sets of lexicographical and corpus data of three Chinese‐based varieties, namely, Hong Kong English, Singapore English and Malaysian English. Three major findings are: (1) Chinese English words (CEWs) are identifiable through three essential sets of parameters: entry form, Chinese orientation and acceptance and currency; (2) the identification criteria could be applied to locate CEWs in Chinese‐based varieties worldwide; and (3) a fair proportion of the CEWs are used in the corpora of the three Asian Englishes in GloWbE.
The legacy of Braj B. Kachru through World Englishes and culture wars
Authors: Mufwene Salikoko S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn honor of Professor Braj B. Kachru, this paper highlights the legacy of his final monograph, World Englishes and culture wars. Professor Kachru was a towering figure among world Englishes scholars as well as students of language contact. World Englishes and culture wars highlights the role of English in the lives of many of its Outer Circle and Expanding Circle users of the language, simultaneously acknowledging the tension from the evolution of English in diverse cultural ecosystems across the world. This book enriches our understanding of world Englishes through its critical engagement with the spread and differential evolution of English around the world, and through the inspirational scholarship which Professor Kachru brings to this work.
A Fourth Circle of English
Authors: Pandey Anita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper identifies a Fourth Circle of English, fueled by technology and outsourcing, and exemplified by the Indian speech community known as ‘youngistan.’ A variety of data are examined, including YouTube and other online advertisements, social media posts and exchanges, texts, as well as secondary data. To ensure a comprehensive and empirical account, the data are analyzed using applicable frameworks of critical discourse analysis, including Braj Kachru's world Englishes model premised on the notions of context‐specific, geographic interpretations through the tripartite constructs acceptability, comprehensibility, and intelligibility. In the case of the interactive exchanges examined, conversational analysis was employed, as well. In addition to the researchers’ assessment, the interpretations of undergraduate students in a Business Writing Course taught by the professor at Morgan State University, a historically black college and university (HBCU) are shared. The paper ends by discussing the implications of the types of language contact phenomena observed, before outlining directions for future research.
Motion Characteristics Analysis of a Novel 2R1T 3-UPU Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chen Ziming , Li Yanwen , Huang Zhen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a novel 3-UPU (P and U stand for prismatic and universal joints, respectively) parallel mechanism (PM) and its variant PM are proposed. Both of them have two rotational and one translational (2R1T) degrees of freedom (DOFs) without involving any parasitic motion. Mobility analysis shows that the three constraint forces provided by three limbs of the mechanism are located on the same plane and the mobile platform can translate perpendicular to this plane and rotate around any axis on it. Analysis of the mechanism’s motion characteristics demonstrates that the mobile platform outputs either pure rotation or pure translation. Moreover, the rotational axis can be fixed during the rotation process, which means no parasitic motion is involved. The causes of the motion characteristics are analyzed by the combination of an overall Jacobian matrix, a statistical method, and a geometric method. The PMs only need to translate or rotate once to move from the initial configuration to the final configuration, which allows for easy control of speeds. The relationship between mechanism parameters and singularity is analyzed. A speed control method for the PMs is proposed and a prototype is designed and made. Experiments are conducted to verify the determined motion characteristics, the speed control method, and the singularity analysis.
Optimal
Design of an Inerter-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorber Connected to
Ground
Authors: Zhou Shaoyi , Jean-Mistral Claire , Chesne Simon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimal design of a novel nontraditional inerter-based dynamic vibration absorber (NTIDVA) installed on an undamped primary system of single degree-of-freedom under harmonic and transient excitations. Our NTIDVA is based on the traditional dynamic vibration absorber (TDVA) with the damper replaced by a grounded inerter-based mechanical network. Closed-form expressions of optimal parameters of NTIDVA are derived according to an extended version of fixed point theory developed in the literature and the stability maximization criterion. The transient response of the primary system is optimized when the coupled system becomes defective, namely having three pairs of coalesced conjugate poles, the proof of which is also spelt out in this paper. Moreover, the analogous relationship between NTIDVA and electromagnetic dynamic vibration absorber is highlighted, facilitating the practical implementation of the proposed absorber. Finally, numerical studies suggest that compared with TDVA, NTIDVA can decrease the peak vibration amplitude of the primary system and enlarge the frequency bandwidth of vibration suppression when optimized by the extended fixed point technique, while the stability maximization criterion shows an improved transient response in terms of larger modal damping ratio and accelerated attenuation rate.
Universal Design for Learning and Differentiated Instruction in Physical Education
Authors: van Munster Mey A. , Lieberman Laureen J. , Grenier Michelle A. 
Published: June 2019

The aim of this case study was to describe the distinct approaches used by physical education (PE) teachers to accommodate students with disabilities in New York elementary school PE classes. The participants included 1 adapted PE specialist, 5 PE teachers, and 5 elementary school students with various impairments. Through thematic analysis, observations and interviews revealed 3 main approaches: (a) normalized instruction—traditional curriculum with no differentiation in the program; (b) differentiated instruction—adaptations tailored specifically to the needs of each student with disability; and (c) universally designed instruction based on the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and accessibility to all students. Differentiated instruction, entailing modifications in the program and pedagogical accommodations, was the most prevalent approach at the research site, but lessons based on UDL principles were also observed. In association, the 2 approaches (differentiated instruction and UDL) represented significant resources to accommodate students with disabilities in PE.
Factors related to road system organisation and its association with mortality due to motor vehicle-pedestrian collisions in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area
Authors: Herrera-Godina Melva Guadalupe , Martínez-Melendres Berenice , Novelo-Ramírez Hiram René , Dávalos-Guzmán Julio Cesar , Celis Alfredo , González-Estevez Guillermo , Mendez-Magaña Ana Cecilia 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionTraffic events are one of the five leading causes of mortality in Mexico. Pedestrians are one of the main road users involved in such incidents and have the highest mortality rate, which is regularly analysed in relation to vehicles and pedestrians, but not the built environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the elements of the road system organisation that influences the mortality rate of pedestrians hit by motor vehicles in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area.MethodWe designed a case and control study in which the cases were sites where a pedestrian died during 2012. The controls were sites close to where the death occurred, as well as those with road infrastructure characteristics similar to those where the events took place. We obtained the pedestrian data from the death certificates and assessed some of the environmental elements of the road sites. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR; 95% CI.ResultsRoad system factors related with pedestrian mortality in close locations were: the presence of bus stops on intersections in one street or both, and road system features, such as the presence of traffic islands, vehicle flow and pedestrian flow.ConclusionsAccording to the urban network theory and multiple theory, the final elements resulted as risk factors due to a fault in connectivity between the nodes. A temporal analysis of urban features will help urban planners make decisions regarding the safety of pedestrians and other road users.
DCW
Authors: Wan Bo , Li Xi , Zhang Bo , Zhao Caixu , Chen Xianglan , Wang Chao , Zhou Xuehai 
Published: June 2019

Real-time systems continuously interact with the physical environment and often have to satisfy stringent timing constraints imposed by their interactions. Those systems involve two main properties: reactivity and predictability. Reactivity allows the system to continuously react to a non-deterministic external environment, while predictability guarantees the deterministic execution of safety-critical parts of applications. However, with the increase in software complexity, traditional approaches to develop real-time systems make temporal behaviors difficult to infer, especially when the system is required to address non-deterministic aperiodic events from the physical environment.
In this article, we propose a reactive and predictable programming framework, Distributed Clockwerk (DCW), for distributed real-time systems. DCW introduces the Servant, which is a non-preemptible execution entity, to implement periodic tasks based on the Logical Execution Time (LET) model. Furthermore, a joint schedule policy, based on the slack stealing algorithm, is proposed to efficiently address aperiodic events with no violated hard-time constraints. To further support predictable communication among distributed nodes, DCW implements the Time-Triggered Controller Area Network (TTCAN) to avoid collisions while accessing the shared communication medium. Moreover, a programming framework implements to provide a set of programming APIs for defining timing and functional behaviors of concurrent tasks. An example is further implemented to illustrate the DCW design flow. The evaluation results demonstrate that our proposal can improve both periodic and aperiodic reactivity compared with existing work, and the implemented DCW can also ensure the system predictability by achieving extremely low overheads.
Deciphering Mechanisms of UVR-Induced Tumoral Immune Checkpoint Regulation against Melanoma
Authors: Sahu Ravi P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) impacts various cellular, genetic, and immunologic responses governing biological and pathophysiologic events including the development of skin cancers. The mechanistic insights into UVR-induced immune tolerance against skin cancers, particularly cutaneous melanoma, have been a great challenge, given the sophisticated regulation of immune checkpoint proteins. A study led by Wang and colleagues has elucidated novel mechanisms of UVR-induced immune suppression, implicated in melanoma immune evasion and progression mediated via upregulation of PD-L1, and reduced CD8+ T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity in HMGB1/TBK1/IRF3/NF-κB–dependent manner. These findings offer new mechanistic insights into UVR-induced melanoma immune evasion and progression.
See related article by Wang et al., p. 2909
AQP4 and the Fate of Gliomas
Authors: Amiry-Moghaddam Mahmood 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
High-grade glioma is the most common primary brain cancer type and is characterized by invasive and fast growth. In a previous issue of Cancer Research, Simone and colleagues show that the two isoforms of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel may determine the fate of gliomas. Glioma cell lines expressing the M23-AQP4 isoform, which forms large aggregates of orthogonal arrays of particles, shrink and undergo apoptosis, whereas cell lines expressing the tetramer-forming M1-AQP4 isoform display higher activity of matrix metalloproteinases, making them more invasive. This study provides new insight on the role of AQP4 isoforms in the biology of gliomas.
See related article by Simone and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(9):2182–94.
Association between Liver Fibrosis and Serum PSA among U.S. Men: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2010
Authors: Wang Anqi , Lazo Mariana , Carter H. Ballentine , Groopman John D. , Nelson William G. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:To evaluate the association of liver fibrosis scores with PSA level among U.S. adult men overall and by race/ethnicity.Methods:Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2010, were used. Males ages ≥40 years without a prostate cancer diagnosis and who had serum PSA, liver enzymes, albumin, and platelet counts measured as part of NHANES protocol were included. Liver fibrosis was measured using three scores: aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We assessed overall and race/ethnicity-stratified geometric mean PSA by fibrosis score using predictive margins by linear regression, and the association of abnormal fibrosis scores (APRI &gt; 1, FIB-4 &gt; 2.67, NFS &gt; 0.676) and elevated PSA (&gt;4 ng/mL) by logistic regression.Results:A total of 6,705 men were included. Abnormal liver fibrosis scores were present in 2.1% (APRI), 3.6% (FIB-4), and 5.6% (NFS). Men with higher fibrosis scores had lower geometric mean PSA (all Ptrend &lt; 0.02). Men with abnormal APRI had a lower odds of PSA &gt; 4 ng/mL [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11–0.96]. Compared with men with 0 abnormal scores, those with 2 or 3 abnormal fibrosis scores had a lower odds of PSA &gt; 4 ng/mL (aOR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33–0.91). The patterns were similar by race/ethnicity.Conclusions:Men of all race/ethnicities with higher liver fibrosis scores had lower serum PSA, and men with advanced fibrosis scores had a lower odds of an elevated PSA.Impact:These findings support further research to inform the likelihood of delay in prostate cancer detection in men with abnormal liver function.
Autonomy and Accountability of the UN in Peacekeeping Operations: The Case of the Central African Republic
Authors: Le Moli Ginevra 
Published: June 2019

This article explores the tension between autonomy and accountability of international organizations with a focus on the role of the United Nations in the context of peacekeeping operations. What triggered the interest in this particular matter was the recent failure by the UN in the Central African Republic to prevent and respond to allegations of sexual exploitation and/or abuse crimes committed by UN peacekeepers.
A more theoretical analysis of the meaning of autonomy in the law of international organizations will be followed by a practical examination of issues of accountability and existing mechanisms to address them. The assessment of the current legal and judicial framework is followed by a further exploration of the main challenges and possible alternative solutions to bridge the gap between two mutually constitutive concepts. The primary (and modest) purpose of this analysis is to attempt to plant legal seeds that can not only grow into an ethical and accountable culture within the un but also be instrumental in preventing abuses and be strong enough to remain in place when the public spotlight on crimes has been turned off.
Crimea in International Courts and Tribunals: Matters of Jurisdiction
Authors: Nuridzhanian Gaiane 
Published: June 2019

The events taking place in Crimea since early 2014 have given rise to a number of international disputes currently pending before international courts and tribunals. Ukraine instituted inter-State proceedings against Russia before the International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights and an unclos Annex vii Tribunal. Seven investor-State cases have been commenced against Russia. The Prosecutor of the icc is conducting preliminary examination into the crimes allegedly committed in Crimea in 2014 and afterwards. Foreign courts have also had to deal with cases related to the annexation of Crimea.
This article provides an overview of cases pending before international courts and tribunals in relation to events in Crimea. The focus is on the questions related to jurisdiction of the international courts and tribunals seized in Crimea-related cases. The study explores the limits of the jurisdiction of international courts to adjudicate disputes concerning the interpretation and application of a treaty arising in connection with a larger dispute regarding the use of force, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. The article also discusses novel and debated jurisdiction-related matters that arise in cases brought in relation to events in Crimea. A brief description of cases heard in foreign courts is provided as well.
“The Temple which You Will Build for Me in the Land”
Authors: Rhyder Julia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines the instruction regarding the wood offering and the festival of new oil in fragment 23 of 4QReworked Pentateuch C (4Q365), and in particular its setting at a future temple (בית) in the land. It argues that while 4Q365 23 represents a departure from earlier versions of Leviticus, it should be considered nonetheless as part of an authoritative version of this book. In introducing the new temple and its rituals, the addition develops notions already present within priestly ritual legislation concerned with the community’s obligations towards the wilderness sanctuary. 4Q365 23 therefore has the potential to progress the present debate concerning the priestly traditions of the Pentateuch and cult centralization. In projecting the ritual obligations established at the wilderness shrine onto a future temple, the fragment throws new light on the way in which ritual legislation was used to promote a centralized cult in ancient Israel.
Nine Dubious “Dead Sea Scrolls” Fragments from the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Davis Kipp , Rabin Ira , Feldman Ines , Krutzsch Myriam , Rimon Hasia , Justnes Årstein , Elgvin Torleif , Langlois Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 2002 new “Dead Sea Scrolls” fragments began to appear on the antiquities market, most of them through the Kando family. In this article we will present evidence that nine of these Dead Sea Scrolls-like fragments are modern forgeries.
Reproof in cd 9:2–8 and 1QS 5:24–6:1
Authors: Akiyama Kengo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Damascus Document (cd 9:2–8) and the Serekh (1QS 5:24–6:1) amplify Leviticus 19:17–18 and carefully spell out the legal procedure for open reproof. In doing so, however, they both omit the key phrase of Leviticus 19:18b (ואהבת לרעך כמוך). This short note suggests that the omission is deliberate and results from a specific sectarian reading of Leviticus 19:17–18. The sectarians are construing this scriptural mandate as a legal command in contrast to the more mainstream reading as exhortation in the Second Temple period.
24 Hours in Contemporary Art: Reflections on an Exhibition About Time
Authors: Sbrilli Antonella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Time and its representation have been historically fascinating, as Books of Hours, allegories, and artistic calendars testify. This attention to time has become increasingly more urgent recently, as studies confirm. The exhibition Dall’oggi al domani (From Today till Tomorrow), held in Rome in 2016, focused on the discrete single day, with its date and its 24- hour rhythm. The article addresses the main aspects of that exhibition, its historical background, the conceptual attraction for calendars’ grids, the interest of artists in the everyday, the processing of daily digital traces, time-lapse, and 24/7 formats. Artworks were displayed according to their affinity towards time rhythms, time words, dates, calendars, and diaries. Although the itinerary of the show was not chronological, some historical clusters emerged: for example, the importance of the pivotal year 1966 in time consideration.
Facing the Eternal Desert: Sociotemporal Values in Old English Poetry
Authors: Huisman Rosemary 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Time is a singular noun, but includes a multiplicity of temporalities, including what J. T. Fraser has termed sociotemporality. In this paper, I discuss facing the urgency of time in a narrative dominated by sociotemporality, that of the Old English poem Beowulf, and suggest how criticism of the narrative structure of Beowulf has derived from a monovalent understanding of narrative time. Moreover, in recognizing sociotemporality as dominant in the organization of the poem, the modern reader can gain greater access to what was valued in the social context of its response to “the urgency of time.”
Quantum Computation and Time Asymmetry
Authors: Kincanon Eric 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the possibility that the world is a quantum computer. Accepting the argument that the world is a quantum computer leads to contradictions with the metaphysics of time that deny the reality of time. Further, metaphysicians who argue for the unreality of time based on physical arguments make assumptions in their models that contradict the quantum computational nature of the world and are not necessary.
Zur Auffassung des Wunders in der griechischen Tragödie
Authors: Gerolemou Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article focuses on miracles in Greek tragedy as an essential factor in pushing forward the frontiers of intellectual experience based on the notion of credibility rather than on the negative analysis of the term as an affirmation of truth conditions. Three questions are raised: a) How and when are certain events and phenomena perceived as miracles? b) Do miracles as phenomena beyond the cognitive grasp question the authenticity of human experience and knowledge? c) Does the miraculous contribute to the construction of an authorial identity? The study concentrates on Euripides’ tragedies which, in indicating a feeble human understanding and reception, recognize the limits of human’s cognitive reach; Euripides draws a clear line between the sophos, god or man, who can design a miracle-scene and thus form and reform religious consciousness and the receiver of the wonder-spectacle from whom the mechanisms that govern the miracle are hidden.