bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies Encoded by FCRL4-Bearing Memory B Cells Preferentially Recognize Commensal Microbial Antigens
Authors: Liu Yanling , McDaniel Jonathan R. , Khan Srijit , Campisi Paolo , Propst Evan J. , Holler Theresa , Grunebaum Eyal , Georgiou George , Ippolito Gregory C. , Ehrhardt Götz R. A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
FCRL4, a low-affinity IgA Ab receptor with strong immunoregulatory potential, is an identifying feature of a tissue-based population of memory B cells (Bmem). We used two independent approaches to perform a comparative analysis of the Ag receptor repertoires of FCRL4+ and FCRL4− Bmem in human tonsils. We determined that FCRL4+ Bmem displayed lower levels of somatic mutations in their Ag receptors compared with FCRL4− Bmem but had similar frequencies of variable gene family usage. Importantly, Abs with reactivity to commensal microbiota were enriched in FCRL4+ cells, a phenotype not due to polyreactive binding characteristics. Our study links expression of the immunoregulatory FCRL4 molecule with increased recognition of commensal microbial Ags.
Integrin Activation Controls Regulatory T Cell–Mediated Peripheral Tolerance
Authors: Klann Jane E. , Kim Stephanie H. , Remedios Kelly A. , He Zhaoren , Metz Patrick J. , Lopez Justine , Tysl Tiffani , Olvera Jocelyn G. , Ablack Jailal N. , Cantor Joseph M. , Boland Brigid S. , Yeo Gene , Zheng Ye , Lu Li-Fan , Bui Jack D. , Ginsberg Mark H. , Petrich Brian G. , Chang John T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaintenance of the regulatory T (Treg) cell pool is essential for peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane proteins consisting of α and β subunits that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, play an important role in facilitating Treg cell contact–mediated suppression. In this article, we show that integrin activation plays an essential, previously unappreciated role in maintaining murine Treg cell function. Treg cell–specific loss of talin, a β integrin–binding protein, or expression of talin(L325R), a mutant that selectively abrogates integrin activation, resulted in lethal systemic autoimmunity. This dysfunction could be attributed, in part, to a global dysregulation of the Treg cell transcriptome. Activation of integrin α4β1 led to increased suppressive capacity of the Treg cell pool, suggesting that modulating integrin activation on Treg cells may be a useful therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role for integrin-mediated signals in controlling peripheral tolerance by virtue of maintaining Treg cell function.
Developing a measure for student perspectives on institutional effectiveness in higher education
Authors: Ayuk Peter T. , Jacobs Gerrie J. 
Published: April 2018

Orientation: This study outlines institutional effectiveness (IE) in higher education (HE) and interrogates its underlying elements from a student perspective. Following a review of contemporary perspectives on student educational outcomes, the study identifies and explores the importance of four pertinent indicators of IE in the context of a South African (SA) higher education institution (HEI). Research purpose: This study aimed to explore the structural validity and reliability of the Student Educational Outcomes Effectiveness Questionnaire (SEEQ), administered to students at an SA HEI, collecting data on their perceptions of IE. Motivation for the study: Institutional effectiveness is a contested concept in HE and several approaches to define it, using various sets of underpinning elements, can be found. The conceptualisation and measuring of IE within the SA HE sector is a hugely neglected area of research. This study therefore attempted to delineate and to gauge IE, utilising the perceptions and preferences of students at an SA HEI. Research design, approach and method: Data for this study were collected using a self-selection sample (N = 807) of students from four schools at the selected HEI. Reliability and exploratory factor analyses were performed to explore the internal consistency and structural validity of the above-mentioned SEEQ. Main findings: The reliability of SEEQ is deemed to be acceptable and the validity of the four theoretical constructs (or dimensions) hypothesised in respect of IE from a student perspective were supported. Practical/managerial implications: Preliminary empirical evidence suggests that SEEQ could be employed in a cautious manner by HEIs (especially in SA), with a view to gauge IE, as well as to promoting the scholarship and management of institutional performance and student success. Contribution or value-add: This article presents a multidimensional approach to the depiction and measurement of IE from a student perspective. It makes a handy initial contribution to a grossly under-researched phenomenon in the SA HE sector.
Experimental study of H2SO4 aerosol nucleation at high ionization levels
Authors: Tomicic Maja , Bødker Enghoff Martin , Svensmark Henrik 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. One hundred and ten direct measurements of aerosol nucleation rate at high
ionization levels were performed in an 8 m3 reaction chamber. Neutral and
ion-induced particle formation from sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was
studied as a function of ionization and H2SO4 concentration. Other
species that could have participated in the nucleation, such as NH3
or organic compounds, were not measured but assumed constant, and the
concentration was estimated based on the parameterization by
Gordon et al. (2017). Our parameter space is thus [H2SO4] =4×106-3×107 cm−3, [NH3+ org] = 2.2 ppb, T=295 K,
RH = 38 %, and ion concentrations of 1700–19 000 cm−3. The
ion concentrations, which correspond to levels caused by a nearby supernova,
were achieved with gamma ray sources. Nucleation rates were directly measured
with a particle size magnifier (PSM Airmodus A10) at a size close to critical
cluster size (mobility diameter of ∼ 1.4 nm) and formation rates at a
mobility diameter of ∼ 4 nm were measured with a CPC (TSI model 3775).
The measurements show that nucleation increases by around an order of
magnitude when the ionization increases from background to supernova levels
under fixed gas conditions. The results expand the parameterization presented
in Dunne et al. (2016) and Gordon et al. (2017) (for [NH3+org] =
2.2 ppb and T=295 K) to lower sulfuric acid concentrations and higher
ion concentrations. The results make it possible to expand the
parameterization presented in Dunne et al. (2016) and Gordon et al. (2017) to
higher ionization levels.
Intercomparison of aerosol measurements performed with multi-wavelength Raman lidars, automatic lidars and ceilometers in the framework of INTERACT-II campaign
Authors: Madonna Fabio , Rosoldi Marco , Lolli Simone , Amato Francesco , Vande Hey Joshua , Dhillon Ranvir , Zheng Yunhui , Brettle Mike , Pappalardo Gelsomina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Following the previous efforts of INTERACT (INTERcomparison of Aerosol and
Cloud Tracking), the INTERACT-II campaign used multi-wavelength Raman lidar
measurements to assess the performance of an automatic compact micro-pulse
lidar (MiniMPL) and two ceilometers (CL51 and CS135) in providing reliable
information about optical and geometric atmospheric aerosol properties. The
campaign took place at the CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory
(760 ma.s.l.; 40.60∘ N, 15.72∘ E) in the
framework of ACTRIS-2 (Aerosol Clouds Trace gases Research InfraStructure)
H2020 project. Co-located simultaneous measurements involving a MiniMPL, two
ceilometers and two EARLINET multi-wavelength Raman lidars were performed
from July to December 2016. The intercomparison highlighted that the MiniMPL
range-corrected signals (RCSs) show, on average, a fractional difference with
respect to those of CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory (CIAO) lidars ranging
from 5 to 15 % below 2.0 km a.s.l. (above sea level), largely
due to the use of an inaccurate overlap correction, and smaller than 5 %
in the free troposphere. For the CL51, the attenuated backscatter values have
an average fractional difference with respect to CIAO
lidars < 20–30 % below 3 km and larger above. The
variability of the CL51 calibration constant is within ±46 %. For the
CS135, the performance is similar to the CL51 below 2.0 kma.s.l.,
while in the region above 3 kma.s.l. the differences are about
±40 %. The variability of the CS135 normalization constant is within
±47 %. Finally, additional tests performed during the campaign using the CHM15k
ceilometer operated at CIAO showed the clear need to investigate the CHM15k
historical dataset (2010–2016) to evaluate potential effects of ceilometer
laser fluctuations on calibration stability. The number of laser pulses shows
an average variability of 10 % with respect to the nominal power which
conforms to the ceilometer specifications. Nevertheless, laser pulses
variability follows seasonal behavior with an increase in the number of laser
pulses in summer and a decrease in winter. This contributes to explain the
dependency of the ceilometer calibration constant on the environmental
temperature hypothesized during INTERACT.
Adaption of an array spectroradiometer for total ozone column retrieval using direct solar irradiance measurements in the UV spectral range
Authors: Zuber Ralf , Sperfeld Peter , Riechelmann Stefan , Nevas Saulius , Sildoja Meelis , Seckmeyer Gunther 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A compact array spectroradiometer that enables precise and robust
measurements of solar UV spectral direct irradiance is presented. We
show that this instrument can retrieve total ozone column (TOC)
accurately. The internal stray light, which is often the limiting
factor for measurements in the UV spectral range and increases the
uncertainty for TOC analysis, is physically reduced so that no other
stray-light reduction methods, such as mathematical corrections, are
necessary. The instrument has been extensively characterised at the
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. During an
international total ozone measurement intercomparison at the
Izaña Atmospheric Observatory in Tenerife, the high-quality applicability of
the instrument was verified with measurements of the direct solar
irradiance and subsequent TOC evaluations based on the spectral data
measured between 12 and 30 September 2016. The results showed
deviations of the TOC of less than 1.5 % from most other
instruments in most situations and not exceeding 3 %
from established TOC measurement systems such as Dobson or Brewer.
CALIPSO IIR Version 2 Level 1b calibrated radiances: analysis and reduction of residual biases in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Garnier Anne , Trémas Thierry , Pelon Jacques , Lee Kam-Pui , Nobileau Delphine , Gross-Colzy Lydwine , Pascal Nicolas , Ferrage Pascale , Scott Noëlle A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Version 2 of the Level 1b calibrated radiances of the Imaging Infrared
Radiometer (IIR) on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Satellite
Observation (CALIPSO) satellite has been released recently. This new version
incorporates corrections of small but systematic seasonal calibration biases
previously revealed in Version 1 data products mostly north of
30∘ N. These biases – of different amplitudes in the three IIR
channels 8.65 µm (IIR1), 10.6 µm (IIR2), and
12.05 µm (IIR3) – were made apparent by a striping effect in
images of IIR inter-channel brightness temperature differences (BTDs) and
through seasonal warm biases of nighttime IIR brightness temperatures in the
30–60∘ N latitude range. The latter were highlighted through
observed and simulated comparisons with similar channels of the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Aqua spacecraft. To
characterize the calibration biases affecting Version 1 data, a
semi-empirical approach is developed, which is based on the in-depth analysis
of the IIR internal calibration procedure in conjunction with observations
such as statistical comparisons with similar MODIS/Aqua channels. Two types
of calibration biases are revealed: an equalization bias affecting part of
the individual IIR images and a global bias affecting the radiometric level
of each image. These biases are observed only when the temperature of the
instrument increases, and they are found to be functions of elapsed time
since night-to-day transition, regardless of the season. Correction
coefficients of Version 1 radiances could thus be defined and implemented in
the Version 2 code. As a result, the striping effect seen in Version 1 is
significantly attenuated in Version 2. Systematic discrepancies between
nighttime and daytime IIR–MODIS BTDs in the 30–60∘ N latitude
range in summer are reduced from 0.2 K in Version 1 to 0.1 K in Version 2
for IIR1–MODIS29. For IIR2–MODIS31 and IIR3–MODIS32, they are reduced from
0.4 K to close to zero, except for IIR3–MODIS32 in June, where the
night-minus-day difference is around −0.1 K.
Understanding Mn-nodule distribution and evaluation of related deep-sea mining impacts using AUV-based hydroacoustic and optical data
Authors: Peukert Anne , Schoening Timm , Alevizos Evangelos , Köser Kevin , Kwasnitschka Tom , Greinert Jens 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this study, ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-based multibeam
data from the German ferromanganese-nodule (Mn-nodule) license area in the
Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ; eastern Pacific) are linked to ground-truth
data from optical imaging. Photographs obtained by an AUV enable
semi-quantitative assessments of nodule coverage at a spatial resolution in
the range of meters. Together with high-resolution AUV bathymetry, this
revealed a correlation of small-scale terrain variations (< 5 m
horizontally, < 1 m vertically) with nodule coverage. In the
presented data set, increased nodule coverage could be correlated with slopes
> 1.8∘ and concave terrain. On a more regional scale, factors such
as the geological setting (existence of horst and graben structures, sediment
thickness, outcropping basement) and influence of bottom currents seem to
play an essential role for the spatial variation of nodule coverage and the
related hard substrate habitat. AUV imagery was also successfully employed to map the distribution
of resettled sediment following a disturbance and sediment cloud
generation during a sampling deployment of an epibenthic
sledge. Data from before and after the “disturbance” allow
a direct assessment of the impact. Automated image processing
analyzed the nodule coverage at the seafloor, revealing nodule
blanketing by resettling of suspended sediment within 16 h after
the disturbance. The visually detectable impact was spatially
limited to a maximum of 100 m distance from the disturbance
track, downstream of the bottom water current. A correlation with
high-resolution AUV bathymetry reveals that the blanketing pattern
varies in extent by tens of meters, strictly following the
bathymetry, even in areas of only slightly undulating seafloor
(<1 m vertical change). These results highlight the importance of detailed terrain knowledge
when engaging in resource assessment studies for nodule abundance
estimates and defining mineable areas. At the same time, it shows
the importance of high-resolution mapping for detailed benthic
habitat studies that show a heterogeneity at scales of 10 to
100 m. Terrain knowledge is also needed to determine the
scale of the impact by seafloor sediment blanketing during mining
operations.
Growth characteristics of natural and planted Dahurian larch in northeast China
Authors: Jia Bingrui , Zhou Guangsheng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) is the dominant species in both
natural and planted forests in northeast China, which is situated in the
southernmost part of the global boreal forest biome and is undergoing
great climatically induced changes. Published studies (1965–2015) on
tree above-ground growth of Dahurian larch forests in northeast China were
collected in this study and critically reviewed, and a comprehensive growth
data set was developed from 122 sites, which are distributed between
40.85 and 53.47∘ N in latitude, between
118.20 and 133.70∘ E in longitude and between 130 and
1260 m in altitude. The data set is composed of 743 entries and includes
growth data (mean tree height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH), mean
tree volume and/or stand volume) and associated information, i.e.,
geographical location (latitude, longitude, altitude, aspect and slope),
climate (mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)),
stand description (origin, stand age, stand density and canopy density) and
sample regime (observation year, plot area and plot number). It provides a
quantitative reference for plantation management practices and boreal
forest growth prediction under future climate change. The data set is freely
available for noncommercial scientific applications, and the DOI for the
data is https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880984.
The role of minimum supply and social vulnerability assessment for governing critical infrastructure failure: current gaps and future agenda
Authors: Garschagen Matthias , Sandholz Simone 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Increased attention has lately been given to the resilience of critical infrastructure in the context of natural hazards
and disasters. The major focus therein is on the sensitivity of critical infrastructure technologies and their management
contingencies. However, strikingly little attention has been given to assessing and mitigating social vulnerabilities
towards the failure of critical infrastructure and to the development, design and implementation of minimum supply
standards in situations of major infrastructure failure. Addressing this gap and contributing to a more integrative
perspective on critical infrastructure resilience is the objective of this paper. It asks which role social vulnerability
assessments and minimum supply considerations can, should and do – or do not – play for the management and governance of
critical infrastructure failure. In its first part, the paper provides a structured review on achievements and remaining
gaps in the management of critical infrastructure and the understanding of social vulnerabilities towards disaster-related
infrastructure failures. Special attention is given to the current state of minimum supply concepts with a regional focus
on policies in Germany and the EU. In its second part, the paper then responds to the identified gaps by developing
a heuristic model on the linkages of critical infrastructure management, social vulnerability and minimum supply. This
framework helps to inform a vision of a future research agenda, which is presented in the paper's third part. Overall, the
analysis suggests that the assessment of socially differentiated vulnerabilities towards critical infrastructure failure
needs to be undertaken more stringently to inform the scientifically and politically difficult debate about minimum supply
standards and the shared responsibilities for securing them.
The role of the reef–dune system in coastal protection in Puerto Morelos (Mexico)
Authors: Franklin Gemma L. , Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Medellin Gabriela , Allende-Arandia María Eugenia , Appendini Christian M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Reefs and sand dunes are critical morphological features providing
natural coastal protection. Reefs dissipate around 90 % of
the incident wave energy through wave breaking, whereas sand dunes
provide the final natural barrier against coastal flooding. The storm
impact on coastal areas with these features depends on the relative
elevation of the extreme water levels with respect to the sand dune
morphology. However, despite the importance of barrier reefs and dunes
in coastal protection, poor management practices have degraded these
ecosystems, increasing their vulnerability to coastal flooding. The
present study aims to theoretically investigate the role of the
reef–dune system in coastal protection under current climatic
conditions at Puerto Morelos, located in the Mexican Caribbean Sea,
using a widely validated nonlinear non-hydrostatic numerical model
(SWASH). Wave hindcast information, tidal level, and a measured beach
profile of the reef–dune system in Puerto Morelos are employed to
estimate extreme runup and the storm impact scale for current and
theoretical scenarios. The numerical results show the importance of
including the storm surge when predicting extreme water levels and
also show that ecosystem degradation has important implications for
coastal protection against storms with return periods of less than
10 years. The latter highlights the importance of conservation of the
system as a mitigation measure to decrease coastal vulnerability and
infrastructure losses in coastal areas in the short to medium
term. Furthermore, the results are used to evaluate the applicability
of runup parameterisations for beaches to reef environments. Numerical
analysis of runup dynamics suggests that runup parameterisations for
reef environments can be improved by including the fore reef
slope. Therefore, future research to develop runup parameterisations
incorporating reef geometry features (e.g. reef crest elevation, reef
lagoon width, fore reef slope) is warranted.
Wave propagation in the Lorenz-96 model
Authors: van Kekem Dirk L. , Sterk Alef E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this paper we study the spatiotemporal properties of waves in the Lorenz-96 model and their dependence on the dimension parameter n and the forcing parameter F. For F > 0 the first bifurcation is either a supercritical Hopf or a double-Hopf bifurcation and the periodic attractor born at these bifurcations represents a traveling wave. Its spatial wave number increases linearly with n, but its period tends to a finite limit as n → ∞. For F < 0 and odd n, the first bifurcation is again a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, but in this case the period of the traveling wave also grows linearly with n. For F < 0 and even n, however, a Hopf bifurcation is preceded by either one or two pitchfork bifurcations, where the number of the latter bifurcations depends on whether n has remainder 2 or 0 upon division by 4. This bifurcation sequence leads to stationary waves and their spatiotemporal properties also depend on the remainder after dividing n by 4. Finally, we explain how the double-Hopf bifurcation can generate two or more stable waves with different spatiotemporal properties that coexist for the same parameter values n and F.