bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative pressure wound therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Peinemann Frank , Labeit Alexander 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) proposes to provide better wound healing than standard wound management. Evidence quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) varies.MethodsWe included participants with any kind of wounds and commercial as well as the homemade NPWT system. Comparators were any other wound dressing including variant NPWTs. We included RCTs randomizing patients or wounds in parallel or crossover designs. We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library on January 03, 2018. We assessed the risk of bias according to Cochrane and appropriateness of clinical endpoints according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).ResultsWe included 93 RCTs originating in 30 countries, 70 studies on open wounds and 23 studies on closed wounds. With respect to random sequence generation, we judged an unclear or high risk of bias in 50% (47 of 93) studies. With respect to allocation concealment, we judged an unclear or high risk of bias in 90% (84 of 93). We identified 41% (38 of 93) studies that based their conclusion on not appropriate endpoints.ConclusionsHigh risk of bias concerning random sequence generation and allocation concealment limited the credibility of the majority of 93 included RCTs on NPWT. A low risk of bias can and should be achieved with both items, and we recommend to align future RCTs to Cochrane. Many primary clinical endpoints were deemed not valid for making inferences on the efficacy of NPWT. We recommend using patient‐centered endpoints as requested by the FDA and suggested in the present systematic review.
Microwave airflow drying of pecans at variable microwave power
Authors: Zhang Jigang , Li Maoye , Ding Zhien , Cheng Jianghua , Yang Song , Liu Xinmin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the dielectric properties of two varieties of pecan nuts at different moistures (10–30% w.b.), temperatures (25–85°C) were determined and the effect of microwave (MW) power density (0.8–2.6 W/g) and exposure time (30–300 s) on moisture content of pecan were approximated by response surface analysis. According to a comprehensive assessment of these results, phased varying power design for MW‐assisted air drying (PPMAD) was appropriate designed to dry pecan nuts. The result indicated that the penetration depths of MW at 2,455 MHz to pecan nuts was distributed in the range of 4.05–10.45 cm in terms of different moisture content and temperature. The moderate output power density (1.7 W/g) is an optimized parameter during the primary stage of MW drying. In PPMAD scheme, 1.7 W/g was delivered in first 150 s, followed by cooling 30 s, and 2.6 W/g was applied in the final 120 s. The results showed that the hybrid drying of PPMAD was efficacious, leading to water losses of 19% in pecan and 16% in hickory without affecting their major compositions and sensory qualities. Further preservation showed that the oxidation degree of PPMAD‐dried nuts was lower than that of the control after 90 days of storage.Practical applicationsMicrowave hybrid drying has been reported to process food and provides a significantly increased shelf‐life for fruits and vegetables, such as apples, carrots, oranges, tomatoes, and spinach. There are no literatures focused on the parameter optimization of microwave drying on pecan and hickory during exposure. The present study provide an optimal method of microwave hybrid using a phased varying power design for MW‐assisted air drying which supply a foundation for large‐scale industrial applications of microwave drying.
Solvent‐free mechanical extraction of Opuntia ficus‐indica mucilage
Authors: Reyes‐Ocampo I. , Córdova‐Aguilar M. S. , Guzmán G. , Blancas‐Cabrera A. , Ascanio G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe performance of solvent‐free extraction methods used for obtaining mucilage powder from Opuntia ficus‐indica has been evaluated in terms of yield, energy‐drawn, and the rheological parameters as well as its rheological properties and content of polysaccharides. Three different methods based on mechanical extraction were investigated, namely the simple filtering method (SFM), the filtering‐clarifying‐concentrating method (FCCM), and the filtering‐concentrating method (FCM). The SFM method consisted of obtaining the mucilage powder by spray‐drying the filtered cactus juice. For the second method (FCCM), the mucilage powder was obtained by drying the filtered, clarified, and concentrated (evaporation by boiling for the elimination of part of the water) cactus juices, while for the FCM method the filtered juice was concentrated and dried. The highest mucilage yield was obtained with the SFM method, while the highest consistency, in terms of viscosity combined with the lowest energy requirement was obtained when using the FCM method. The polysaccharide spectrum characterization was carried out by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Spectra obtained from the different extraction processes indicate the presence of mixtures of polysaccharides such as unesterified rhamnose, xylose, mannose, and galacturonic acid. Remarkably, rhamnose is the most abundant in two of the three extracts, although almost 50% of the concentration of galacturonic acid present in the three extracts is unesterified.Practical applicationsAt the present time, several authors focused on obtaining mucilage from Opuntia ficus‐indica for the food and pharmaceutical industries by precipitation with solvents, such as acetone or alcohols, with low yields and high production cost, due to high consumption of the organic solvents and long extraction time. While this kind of mucilage may be suitable for foodstuff processing, it must be demonstrated that do not contain a toxicologically dangerous amount, the process of extraction was under good manufacturing practices as well as it is necessary to verify that this mucilage meets the specific purity criteria provided by the application. This involves conducting quantitative analysis that is usually costly and time‐consuming. Therefore, a study on mechanical extraction process has been performed in order to have a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) cactus mucilage. The process developed is a mechanical extraction of low cost, suitable to obtain mucilage at large‐scale, with high yield, low energy requirements, and no solvents involved. The mucilage obtained is a safe powder useful as additive in food processing such as dispersing agent avoiding sedimentation in vegetable protein suspensions for patients with malnourishment.
Is it good to blame the government for food safety concerns? Attributions of responsibility, new media uses, risk perceptions, and behavioral intentions in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hwalbin , Jang S. Mo , Noh Ghee Young 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study tested a mediation model of the relationships among new types of media used to obtain news, attributions of responsibility to individuals or the government, risk perceptions, and behavioral intentions for four food safety concerns: genetically modified organisms, food additives, agrochemical residues, and pesticides in dairy products. A sample from a nationwide online panel survey (N = 1,000) found that use of Internet news services (INS) increased attribution of responsibility to the government, whereas social media use positively related to attributions of responsibility to individuals and to the government. Additionally, attribution of responsibility to the government predicted risk perceptions, which, in turn, positively related to behavioral intentions. Regarding mediation effects, use of INS positively and indirectly influenced behavioral intentions when mediated by attribution of responsibility to the government and risk perceptions. Social media had significant indirect effects on behavioral intentions through attribution of responsibility to individuals and attribution of responsibility to the government; through risk perception; and through attribution of responsibility to the government and risk perception. Thus, attribution of responsibility to the government was important to behavioral intentions, and several unique theoretical and practical contributions to health communication research and practice are discussed.Practical applicationsThis study found that attribution of responsibility to the government was a key mediator between INS or social media and behavioral intentions. Thus, journalists should accurately and sufficiently reveal the causes of and solutions to food safety problems. Also, this study showed that the indirect effect of social media on behavioral intentions was stronger than that of INS. Health communication practitioners and policymakers should pay more attention to the influence of social media when they want to change public perceptions and increase perceived risks to prevent risky behaviors. This approach applies to all public health problems, not only those regarding food safety. Indeed, public health officials and agencies usually have SNS accounts, with which they might directly and actively communicate with the public when food safety is at risk and from which they might launch various public health campaigns.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species and subtyping and virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes from retail meat
Authors: Arslan Seza , Baytur Selin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, of 124 samples of ground beef and chicken meat, 101 (81.5%) were positive for Listeria spp. Listeria innocua (35.5%) and Listeria monocytogenes (26.6%) were the most frequently isolated species. All 33 (100%) L. monocytogenes isolates were positive for the virulence genes hlyA, actA, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, prfA, plcA, and iap. Serotype 1/2a, which is one of the listeriosis‐associated serotypes, was the most predominant serotype (57.6%), followed by 1/2c (39.4%) and 3c (3%). In polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis of inlA for subtyping of the L. monocytogenes strains, the AluI and MluCI enzymes generated two different profiles. Almost all chicken strains were grouped in similar PCR‐RFLP profiles with both restriction enzymes. Most Listeria isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (79.7%), fusidic acid (63.3%), and clindamycin (47.7%). Resistance to penicillin and ampicillin occurred in 1.6 and 17.9% of the isolates, respectively. The percentage of resistance to three or more agents was 48.1%.Practical applicationThe presence of Listeria spp., especially L. monocytogenes, in foods is inevitable because of the ubiquitous nature of Listeria spp. Illnesses resulting from the consumption of contaminated food severely affect sensitive groups, especially pregnant women, unborn fetuses and newborns as a result of transmission across the placenta or during delivery. Immunosuppressed adults are also sensitive to infection. Listeria grows well at cold temperatures, so storage of contaminated food in the refrigerator can also increase the risk of infections for consumers. In particular, limiting the exposure of pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients to potential sources of Listeria such as raw and undercooked meats is recommended.
Prevalence, genotyping, serotyping, and antibiotic resistance of isolated Salmonella strains from industrial and local eggs in Iran
Authors: Karimiazar Farshad , Soltanpour Mohammad S. , Aminzare Majid , Hassanzadazar Hassan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis present study aimed to evaluate prevalence and characterization of serotypes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genotypic profiles of Salmonella isolates in industrial and local eggs from Zanjan province of Iran. A total of 120 egg samples were collected and processed according to bacteriological analytical manual to isolate Salmonella strains from both eggs surface and contents. PCR method and genotyping were used to verify, identification and classification of isolates by screening invA genes and 16 s‐rRNA gene sequencing. Salmonella contamination rate in eggshell and contents of industrial and local eggs were 0% and 1.66%, respectively. High degree of AMR was observed to nalidixic acid and erythromycin. Gene sequencing for each isolates showed more similarity with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains.Practical applicationsSalmonella contamination in eggs and the role of healthy chickens as reservoir and distributer of Salmonella in poultry farms can be a common food safety concern for public health. Therefore, Continuous monitoring of presence Salmonella and their antimicrobial resistance is of critical importance. Present study gives an insight of the current statues of egg's contamination with Salmonella isolates, their antimicrobial resistance, genotupic profile, and epidemiological relationship in Iran.
Risk of exposure to air pollution among British children with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Emerson E. , Robertson J. , Hatton C. , Baines S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundExposure to outdoor air pollution is a well‐established risk factor for a range of adverse health conditions. No previous study has quantified the extent to which children with intellectual disability (ID) may be exposed to outdoor air pollution.MethodsSecondary analysis of data extracted from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample of over 18 000 UK children born 2000–2002.ResultsAveraging across ages, children with IDs were 33% more likely to live in areas with high levels of diesel particulate matter, 30% more likely to live in areas with high levels of nitrogen dioxide, 30% more likely to live in areas with high levels of carbon monoxide and 17% more likely to live in areas with high levels of sulphur dioxide.ConclusionsLevels of exposure to outdoor air pollution among children with ID are significantly higher than those of families of children without ID. Exposure to outdoor air pollution may be one of the pathways that contributes to the health inequities experienced by people with IDs.
Early Phase PIB‐PET as a Surrogate for Global and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measures
Authors: Ponto Laura L. Boles , Moser David J. , Menda Yusuf , Harlynn Emily L. , DeVries Sean D. , Oleson Jacob J. , Magnotta Vincent A. , Schultz Susan K. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo explore the potential for simplified measures of [11C]PIB uptake to serve as a surrogate for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures, thereby, providing both pathological and functional information in the same scan.METHODSParticipants (N = 24, 16 M, 8 F, 57‐87 years) underwent quantitative [15O]water imaging and dynamic [11C]PIB imaging. Time‐activity curves were created for each participant's regional [11C]PIB data scaled in standardized uptake values (SUVs). The frame in which maximal uptake occurred was defined for each subject (ie, “peak”). The concentration (SUV) for each region at the individual's peak, during the 3.5‐4 minute time interval and for the initial 6 minute sum, was determined. R1 (ie, relative delivery using cerebellum as reference tissue) from the simplified reference tissue model 2 was determined for each region. PIB SUVs were compared to the absolute CBF global and regional values (in mL/minute/100 mL) and the R1 values were compared to the cerebellar‐normalized rCBF.RESULTSSignificant linear relationships were found for all SUV measures with measures of absolute global and regional CBF that were comparable to the relationship between normalized CBF and R1. The individual SUVpeak exhibited the strongest relationship both regionally and globally. All individuals and all regions had highly significant regression slopes. Age, gender, or amyloid burden did not influence the relationship.CONCLUSIONEarly PIB uptake has the potential to effectively serve as a surrogate for global and regional CBF measures. The simple and readily obtainable individual's SUVpeak value was the strongest predictor regionally and globally of CBF.
The Experience Sampling Method—Evaluation of treatment effect of escitalopram in IBS with comorbid panic disorder
Authors: Vork Lisa , Mujagic Zlatan , Drukker Marjan , Keszthelyi Daniel , Conchillo José M. , Hesselink Martine A. M. , van Os Jim , Masclee Ad A. M. , Leue Carsten , Kruimel Joanna W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundConfirming treatment response in clinical trials for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is challenging, due to the lack of biomarkers and limitations of the currently available symptom assessment tools. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) might overcome these limitations by collecting digital assessments randomly and repeatedly during daily life. This study evaluated differences in change in abdominal pain between real‐time (ie, ESM) and retrospective (ie, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale [GSRS] and an end‐of‐day symptom diary) measurements, using data of an RCT on escitalopram vs placebo in patients with IBS and comorbid panic disorder.MethodsTwenty‐nine IBS patients with comorbid panic disorder were included in a 6‐month RCT. The GSRS, diary, and ESM were completed at baseline (t = 0) and after 3 (t = 3) and 6 months (t = 6). Linear mixed models were used.Key resultsExperience Sampling Method analyses revealed a significant interaction between escitalopram and time, and ESM abdominal pain scores were 1.4 points lower in the escitalopram group compared to placebo at t = 6 (on a 1‐to‐7 scale; P = 0.021). When including the interaction with momentary anxiety, the reduction in abdominal pain scores in escitalopram vs placebo was even more pronounced for higher levels of anxiety. Average GSRS‐ and end‐of‐day abdominal pain scores were not significantly different between escitalopram and placebo at t = 3 and 6.Conclusions & InferencesReal‐time ESM has the potential to capture treatment response more sensitively compared to a retrospective end‐of‐day GI symptom diary and the GSRS, by taking into account day‐to‐day symptom variability as well as momentary factors that might moderate treatment effect, such as anxiety.
The Mediating Effect of Sleep Disturbance on the Relationship Between Nonmalignant Chronic Pain and Suicide Death
Authors: Owen‐Smith Ashli A. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Peterson Ed , Simon Gregory E. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Lynch Frances L. , Lu Christine Y. , Waitzfelder Beth E. , Beck Arne , DeBar Lynn L. , Sanon Victoria , Maaz Yousef , Khan Shehryar , Miller‐Matero Lisa R. , Prabhakar Deepak , Frank Cathy , Drake Christopher L. , Braciszewski Jordan M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImportanceFew studies have examined the relationship between nonmalignant chronic pain (NMCP) and suicide death, and even fewer have specifically explored what role sleep disturbance might play in the association between NMCP and suicide death.ObjectiveTo assess whether sleep disturbance mediates the relationship between NMCP and suicide death.DesignThis case‐control study included 2,674 individuals who died by suicide between 2000 and 2013 (cases) and 267,400 matched individuals (controls).SettingEight Mental Health Research Network (MHRN)‐affiliated healthcare systems.ParticipantsAll cases and matched controls were health plan members for at least 10 months during the year prior to the index date.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSociodemographic data and diagnosis codes for NMCP and sleep disorders were extracted from the MHRN's Virtual Data Warehouse. Suicide mortality was identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)‐10 codes from official government mortality records matched to health system records.ResultsAfter accounting for covariates, there was a significant relationship between NMCP and sleep disturbance; those who were diagnosed with NMCP were more likely to develop subsequent sleep disturbance. Similarly, sleep disturbance was significantly associated with suicide death. Finally, a significant indirect effect of NMCP on suicide death, through sleep disturbance, and a nonsignificant direct effect of NMCP on suicide death provide support for a fully mediated model.Conclusions and RelevanceThere is a need for clinicians to screen for both sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation in NMCP patients and for health systems to implement more widespread behavioral treatments that address comorbid sleep problems and NMCP.
Simulation as a learning method in public health nurse education
Authors: Akselbo Iben , Olufsen Vibeke , Ingebrigtsen Oddbjørn , Aune Ingvild 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo view simulation as a learning method in the light of learning theories and to describe the student's reflections and experiences of simulating anaphylaxis during vaccination.Design and SamplePublic health nursing students at a university in Norway simulated scenarios related to anaphylaxis during vaccination of an infant. The aim of the intervention was to facilitate the competence of public health nurses to handle unforeseen events associated with vaccinations. The students wrote reflection notes about their experiences after the simulation. The reflection notes were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe students experienced simulation as a realistic educational method with feelings of stress in an acute situation. They discovered the importance of cooperation and communication to avoid misunderstandings that could lead to serious failure in the treatment. The students emphasized that simulation gave them a preparation for practice to handle anaphylaxis associated with vaccines.ConclusionThe public health nurse students experienced simulation as a realistic and effective educational method. Simulation made them reflect on the public health nurse's area of responsibility. Kolb's learning theory and Schön's theory of knowledge‐in‐action, may explain how simulation as a didactic method develops competence to act in a concrete situation of anaphylaxis by vaccination of children.
Motivated Innumeracy: Estimating the Size of the Gun Owner Population and Its Consequences for Opposition to Gun Restrictions
Authors: Joslyn Mark R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. 
Published: November 2018

Past research suggests that people substantially overestimate the size of minority populations. Labeled “innumeracy,” inflated estimates of minority populations can have a negative impact on intergroup relations and influence policy attitudes toward minority groups. Our research examines people’s estimates of the gun owner population in the United States. We discover that people vastly overestimate gun ownership and similarly misjudge its future growth. Estimations of size are influenced by several determinants including gun ownership and affective orientations toward gun owners. Gun owners, compared to nongun owners, reported higher estimations of the gun owner population. In addition, positive feelings toward gun owners were associated with increased estimates of gun ownership. Affective orientations toward minority populations are in fact a key predictor neglected by prior innumeracy studies. Finally, estimations of the gun owner population, and judgments about its future growth, were both significant determinants of gun policy preferences.Related Articles
Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187

Cagle, M. Christine and J. Michael Martinez. 2004. “.” Politics & Policy 32 (): 278‐310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00185.x

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Smith, Tom W. and Jaesok Son. 2015. “.” NORC at the University of Chicago. https://www.norc.org/PDFs/GSS%20Reports/GSS_Trends%20in%20Gun%20Ownership_US_1972-2014.pdf