bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Complication Rates and Severe Obesity in Patients Undergoing Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Kuttner Nicolas P. , Owen Aaron R. , Ryssman Daniel B. , Kitaoka Harold B. , Turner Norman S. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Tibiotalar arthrodesis (TTA) is a common operation for end-stage ankle arthritis. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is believed to contribute to complications following TTA. Previous studies involved national registries or small, underpowered cohorts. This study aimed to determine the effects of elevated BMI on nonunion and complication rates following TTA with a large cohort from a single academic institution. Methods: A retrospective study identified 514 patients (527 ankles) who underwent primary TTA from 2005-2017. Mean age was 60 years. Patients were stratified by BMI according to the World Health Organization classification. A reference group of 203 patients (208 ankles) included normal weight or mildly overweight patients (BMI 18.5 to <30). Ankle radiographs were evaluated to determine union or nonunion. Other outcomes included revision TTA, reoperations, subsequent adjacent joint arthrodesis, infection, and readmission. Data were analyzed using Pearson χ2 and odds ratios for categorical variables. Analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier estimation assessed continuous variables and time-to-event outcomes, respectively. Mean follow-up was 34.3 months. Results: Obesity class III patients had elevated risk of complications compared with normal weight patients including nonunion (odds ratio [OR] 3.96, P = .002), revision (OR 3.69, P = .03), superficial infection (OR 9.36, P = .002), and readmission (OR 10.90, P = .01). Superficial infection rates were elevated in class I (OR 6.36, P = .007) and readmissions in class II (OR 9.98, P = .01). No differences were found in reoperation ( P = .448), symptomatic implant removal ( P = .805), adjacent joint arthrodesis ( P = .353), or deep infection ( P = .507) rates. Discussion: In this retrospective review after TTA, increased rates of nonunion, revision, superficial infection, and readmission were found in obesity class III patients, compared with the reference group of normal weight or mildly overweight patients. Superficial infection rates were likewise relatively elevated in class I and readmission rates in class II patients.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of PTBP1 to Identify it as a Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Yanyang , Xia Qiuqiu , He Huanhuan , Mao Qiming , Dong Huaize , Zhu Lu , Hu Zongyue , Xia Jiyue , Weng Zijing , Liao Wenbo , Xin Zhijun 
Published: November 2024

Objectives Human cancer is considered to be an important cause of death worldwide. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is emerging as a powerful pro-oncogenic factor in bladder and liver cancer; however, no pan-cancer analysis is presently available. Our study aimed to explore PTBP1 expression profiles, prognostic immunological value, and biological functions across various cancers. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis using multi-omics bioinformatics from public databases, including TIMER, GEPIA2, ProteinAtlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, PrognoScan, cBioPortal, STRING, ENCORI, TargetScan, and DAVID. Results We found that PTBP1 was overexpressed across multiple cancer types. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the PTBP1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), colon cancer (COAD), and melanoma (SKCM) cell lines, as well as in melanoma-forming mouse models. Higher PTBP1 mRNA levels were associated with poorer survival probabilities in several cancer types. PTBP1 genetic alterations were related to amplification and mutation. PTBP1 significantly modulates tumor immunity by enhancing Tregs infiltration and reducing CD8+ T cell activity, promoting immune evasion and adversely affecting cancer prognosis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses implied that PTBP1 may participate in RNA metabolism, the spliceosome, the cell cycle, and the p53 signaling pathway in cancer development. Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate the oncogenic role of PTBP1 in a pan-cancer context. PTBP1 might serve as a new biomarker for prognostic prediction and immune cell infiltration across cancers in the future.
DJ-1-mediated repression of the RNA-binding protein FMRP is predicted to impact known Alzheimer's disease-related protein networks
Authors: Uneri Ayse , McArdle Colin J , Deng Zhiyong , Barth Samuel H , Keene Dirk , Craft Suzanne , Raab-Graham Kimberly F 
Published: November 2024

Background RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate the synaptic proteome and are instrumental in maintaining synaptic homeostasis. Moreover, aberrant expression of an RBP in a disease state would have deleterious downstream effects on synaptic function. While many underlying mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proposed, the contribution of RBPs has been relatively unexplored. Objective To investigate alterations in RBP-messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions in AD, and its overall impact on the disease-related proteome. Methods We first utilized RNA-immunoprecipitation to investigate interactions between RBP, DJ-1 (Parkinson's Disease protein 7) and target mRNAs in controls and AD. Surface Sensing of Translation – Proximity Ligation Assay (SUnSET-PLA) and western blotting additionally quantified alterations in mRNA translation and protein expression of DJ-1 targets. Finally, we utilized an unbiased bioinformatic approach that connects AD-related pathways to two RBPs, DJ-1 and FMRP (Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1). Results We find that oligomeric DJ-1 in AD donor synapses were less dynamic in their ability to bind and unbind mRNA compared to synapses from cognitively unimpaired, neuropathologically-verified controls. Furthermore, we find that DJ-1 associates with the mRNA coding for FMRP, Fmr1, leading to its reduced synaptic expression in AD. Through the construction of protein-protein interaction networks, aberrant expression of DJ-1 and FMRP are predicted to lead to the upregulation of key AD-related pathways, such as thyroid hormone stimulating pathway, autophagy, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. Conclusions DJ-1 and FMRP are novel targets that may restore established neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD.
Real-world diagnostic, referral, and treatment patterns in early Alzheimer's disease among community-based practices in the United States
Authors: Juday Timothy R , Holub Ashley , Mattke Soeren , Betts Keith A , Kitchen Sophie A , Liu Hongjiao , Batrla Richard , Frech Feride H , Khachaturian Ara S 
Published: November 2024

Background Over 90% of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may not receive a timely diagnosis. Understanding community-based practice patterns, where most individuals are seen, is critical to improving patient care. Objective To understand how patients with MCI and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are diagnosed and managed in community-based settings, including the use of clinical and cognitive assessments, referrals to dementia-related specialties, and receipt of treatment. Methods This observational study recruited community-based primary care physicians (PCPs) (N = 177) and neurologists (N = 147) in August-September 2023, through a verified physician panel with broad geographic representation across the US. Physicians abstracted medical chart data from patients diagnosed with MCI or mild AD within the previous two years. Data collected included use of neurocognitive assessments, biomarker and structural imagine tests, referrals, and treatments. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Medical records for 817 MCI and 467 mild AD patients were abstracted. The mean age was 70.2 years, 56.4% were female, and 67.2% were White. Symptoms were commonly reported by a family member (67.2%). Nearly 1 in 6 patients did not receive any neurocognitive assessments (16.1%), and nearly 1 in 4 did not receive a structural imaging or AD-specific biomarker test (23.7%). AD-specific biomarker tests were more common among patients aged ≥65 (87.1% versus 75.3%; p < 0.05). Less than 1 in 4 patients were referred for cognitive/behavioral concerns. Conclusions As the diagnostic and treatment landscape changes, education on symptom recognition, and physician training on new technologies may facilitate timely diagnoses and improve patient outcomes.
Intranasal long R3 insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment promotes amyloid plaque remodeling in cerebral cortex but fails to preserve cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice
Authors: Engel Matthew G , Narayan Sushma , Cui Min-Hui , Branch Craig A , Zhang Xusheng , Gandy Samuel E , Ehrlich Michelle , Huffman Derek M 
Published: November 2024

Background Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes neurogenesis, cell survival, and glial function, making it a promising candidate therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective Long arginine 3-IGF-1 (LR3-IGF-1) is a potent IGF-1 analogue. We sought to determine whether intranasal (IN) LR3 treatment would delay cognitive decline and pathology in 5XFAD mice. Methods Wildtype and 5XFAD male mice were treated for 7 months (3–10 months of age), with IN LR3-IGF-1 or IN Vehicle (Veh) (n = 19–27 mice/group). Behavior, memory, and brain imaging were assessed at 8–9 months of age and tissues collected at 10 months. A comprehensive amyloid-β (Aβ) profile and other pathologic features were conducted and supportive in vitro stimulation studies in BV-2 microglial cells were also performed. Results In male 5XFAD mice, IN LR3-IGF-1 treatment improved body composition, but did not significantly alter cognitive symptoms, as assessed by multiple assays. In cortex, LR3 treatment improved some facets of pathology, including a reduction in filamentous plaques, and increase in inert plaques, corresponding with a reduction in low molecular weight Aβ oligomers. In vitro, uptake of Aβ1–42 peptide by BV2 cells was enhanced by LR3-IGF-1, which was also found to promote gene pathways implicated in actin remodeling and endocytosis. Conclusions LR3 promotes favorable effects on Aβ plaque remodeling in cortex of male 5XFAD mice but fails to preserve aspects of behavior or memory. While these data do not support LR3 as a monotherapy per se, they do warrant further investigation into its potential for combinatorial formulations aimed at targeting the complexity of AD.
Mind's eye in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum continuum
Authors: Bechi Gabrielli Giulia , D'Antonio Fabrizia , Di Vita Antonella , Margiotta Roberta , Panigutti Massimiliano , Boccia Maddalena , Piccardi Laura , Palermo Liana , Salati Emanuela , Sepe Monti Micaela , Talarico Giuseppina , Bruno Giuseppe , Guariglia Cecilia 
Published: November 2024

Background Visual mental imagery (VMI) is the ability to represent stimuli in the mind without sensory visual input. Previous studies have shown alterations in VMI in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, VMI has not been investigated in the AD prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective We investigated VMI ability in mild AD and MCI patients, hypothesizing that VMI ability could be compromised since early disease stage. Methods We enrolled 14 patients with mild AD, 19 amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 23 healthy control subjects (HC), matched for sex, age, and education. VMI assessment included: 1) the O’clock test that allows disentangling the possible role of visuo-perceptual difficulties in the VMI task's performance; 2) a modified version of The Complete Visual Mental Imagery Battery (CVMIB), including tasks evaluating the different VMI processes (generation, maintenance, inspection and transformation). Results Results indicated that AD patients performed worse than HC in both perceptual and imaginal tasks of the O’clock test and in all CVMIB's tasks but maintenance. On the contrary, aMCI patients showed difficulties in the generation process and in the imaginal task of the O’clock test. Conclusions Visual images generation, inspection and transformation processes are impaired in mild AD. Moreover, the generation process is selectively impaired in aMCI patients, suggesting that VMI deficits are already present in the prodromal stage of AD.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in the memory clinic: A comparison of questionnaires, pulse oximetry, and polysomnography
Authors: Lam Aaron , D’Rozario Angela L , Kong Shawn , Ireland Catriona , Mowszowski Loren , LaMonica Haley M , Phillips Craig L , Hoyos Camilla M , Grunstein Ronald R , Naismith Sharon L 
Published: November 2024

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among older adults and has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. The suitability of screening tools for detecting OSA in memory clinic settings is unclear. Objective To evaluate the utility and validity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and pulse oximeter as a screening tool, compared to gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) in older adults attending a memory clinic. Methods Participants aged over 50 with new onset cognitive/mood concerns attended a memory clinic, then completed the SBQ, oximetry, and PSG. The SBQ and oximetry's accuracy in detecting moderate-severe and severe OSA was evaluated using receiver operating curves. Intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman plots compared the oximeter's adjusted oxygen desaturation index (ODI-Ox) and PSG's apnea-hypopnea index (AHI-PSG). Results Of 194 participants (mean age = 65.6, 64 males) who completed PSG, 184 completed the SBQ, and 138 completed oximetry. SBQ demonstrated limited performance for moderate-severe OSA (sensitivity = 52%, specificity = 62%, AUC = 0.600) and severe OSA (sensitivity = 18%, specificity = 87%, AUC = 0.577). Oximetry was satisfactory for moderate-severe OSA (sensitivity = 67%, specificity = 73%, AUC = 0.769) and severe OSA (sensitivity = 50%, specificity = 88%, AUC = 0.730). The diagnostic performance was improved with new cut-offs at ODI-Ox ≥ 11 for AHI-PSG ≥ 15 and ODI-Ox ≥ 20 for AHI-PSG ≥ 30. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation indicated acceptable agreement for oximetry. Conclusions The findings suggest that while the SBQ may be unsuitable to detect moderate or severe OSA for older adults with cognitive impairment, oximetry may be a viable screening tool. Given OSA treatment can optimize sleep and may slow cognitive decline, routine screening for OSA should be part of memory clinic assessments.
Exposure duration and cerebral amyloidosis in the olfactory cortex of World Trade Center responders: A positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Kritikos Minos , Zhou Juin-Wan , Huang Chuan , Gandy Sam , Pellecchia Alison C , Santiago-Michels Stephanie , Carr Melissa A , Islam Shabab , Yang Yuan , Horton Megan K , Lucchini Roberto G , Franceschi Ana M , Bangiyev Lev , Vaska Paul , Clouston Sean AP , Luft Benjamin J 
Published: November 2024

Background Amyloid-β proteins, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, are believed to play an adaptive role in the cerebral immune response. Objective Amyloid is believed to play a role in cerebral immune response and could play a similar role in response to air pollution exposures. In the present study, we examined whether WTC exposure duration was associated with cerebral amyloidosis in WTC responders. Methods WTC responders (aged 44–65 years) who varied in exposure duration but did not use personalized protective equipment were assessed using positron-emission tomography with [18F]-Florbetaben. The outcome was the cortical [18F]-Florbetaben burden, measured using regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in 34 Desikan-Killiany regions of interest. Spearman's ρ and generalized linear models were used to estimate correlations between WTC exposure duration and cortical [18F]-Florbetaben SUVR. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure cortical thickness and diffusivity. Results The mean age of imaged responders was 56 years old. WTC exposure duration was associated with olfactory [18F]-Florbetaben SUVR (Spearman's ρ = 0.43, p = 0.011), which was in turn associated with elevated [18F]-Florbetaben SUVR in ventral regions ( ρ = 0.41, p = 0.016). Cortical [18F]-Florbetaben in ventral regions was associated with reduced response speed ( ρ = −0.72, p < 0.001), was co-located with cortical diffusivity across regions in the parietal and frontal lobes and reduced cortical thickness in the isthmus cingulate ( ρ = −0.53, p = 0.001). Conclusions Low-grade amyloidosis in the olfactory and frontal lobes was associated with WTC exposure duration. Future work should examine whether low-grade amyloidosis is correlated with the location or distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in WTC responders.
Inter-septal bone reduction: Impact on space closure, root resorption and canine angulation during en-masse retraction – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jyothsna Kurapati , Dodda Kiran Kumar , Vattikunta Naresh , Singamsetty Eswar Prasad , Kogila Jashva Vamsi , Saveri Katragadda , Palakolanu Sai Vyshnavi , Reddy Bharath 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the space closure, root resorption and canine angulation during en-masse retraction of the labial segment after extraction of first premolars with or without interseptal bone reduction distal to the maxillary canines. Design: A single-centre, parallel randomised control trial included 16 participants with a mean age of 21.5 years. Participants were allocated into treatment groups using blocked randomisation, and blinding was employed for outcome assessors and data analysts. Interventions: The control group consisted of eight participants who underwent therapeutic extraction of maxillary first premolars, while the experimental group included eight participants who underwent interseptal bone reduction immediately after premolar extraction. En-masse retraction was performed using conventional friction mechanics with absolute anchorage in both groups. Outcomes: Measurements of space closure were conducted over 3 consecutive months during retraction. The time taken for total space closure was recorded. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken before and 3 months after retraction to assess root resorption and canine angulation. Results: The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in the rate of en-masse retraction compared to the control group over 3 months (mean difference [MD] = 1.09 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–1.40), with an overall space closure rate of MD 0.26 mm/month (95% CI = 0.17–0.34). However, these changes were of minimal clinical significance. The change in canine angulation (MD = 4.50°, 95% CI = −1.61–10.61) did not exhibit statistical significance. Substantial root resorption was observed in six maxillary anterior teeth, with no difference between the groups. Conclusion: Interseptal bone reduction is a minimally invasive surgical technique, resulting in a notably accelerated rate of en-masse retraction in the experimental group over 3 months. However, despite the statistical significance, the clinical impact on overall space closure was minimal, with a difference of only 0.26 mm/month observed between the groups. Interseptal bone reduction did not affect the change in canine angulation and root resorption.
Delirium assessment, management and barriers to effective care across Scotland: A secondary analysis of survey data from World Delirium Awareness Day 2023
Authors: Naeem Fariha , Penfold Rose S , Soiza Roy L , Von Haken Rebecca , Lindroth Heidi , Liu Keibun , Nydhal Peter , Quinn Terry J 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Delirium is a common, severe neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalised older adults. We evaluated use of validated delirium assessment tools, adherence to national guidelines and prevalence and management of delirium across Scotland, identifying barriers to effective care. Methods: Secondary analysis of national survey data, collected by participating clinicians on World Delirium Awareness Day (15 March 2023). Results: Among 120 responses (3,257 patients), the 4AT was the most frequently used assessment tool (75%), while 14% of units reported using clinical judgement alone. The delirium assessment rate was 74%, with a prevalence of 22% at 8 am. Management protocols varied, with frequent routine non-pharmacological interventions including pain management (88%), hydration (87%) and open family visiting (80%). Barriers to delirium care included insufficient staffing and training. Conclusion: While many hospital settings follow national delirium guidelines, some still rely on clinical judgement for assessment, with variability in management protocols and practices. We have highlighted key barriers to effective delirium care in Scotland.
Impact of blood glucose control on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Chertok Shacham Elena , Maman Nimra , Ishay Avraham 
Published: November 2024

Our study evaluates the interconnection between diabetes treatment in the community setting and diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. Methods The patients were divided into four groups according to blood glucose level during hospitalization. Group 1 included patients with an average blood glucose ≤140 mg/dl, Group 2 included patients with an average blood glucose level between 140 and 180 mg/dl, Group 3 included patients whose blood glucose level was between 180 and 250 mg/dl, and Group 4 included patients with average blood glucose >250 mg/dl. In all subjects, we assessed preadmission diabetes treatment and prior diagnoses of major comorbidities (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, chronic pulmonary diseases, and dementia. Results Significant predictors of mortality were the severity of COVID-19 (OR 62, CI 95%; 18–235, p < .000), acute renal failure (OR 3.2, CI 95% - 1.26–8.2; p = .015), and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure before hospitalization (OR 2.6; CI 95% 1.14–6.8; p = .024). Lower preadmission HbA1c levels, insulin treatment in the hospital, SGLT-2 treatment before, and absence of acute renal failure are significant predictors of good glycemic control during hospitalization. Conclusions In patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with COVID-19, poor long-term glycemic control is associated with the level of hyperglycemia during hospitalization.
Comparison of surgical outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate using different energies
Authors: Jeong Hyun Ju , Park Hyeji , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Castillo Christine Joy , Oh Seung-June , Cho Sung Yong 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study evaluates surgical outcomes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients undergoing transurethral enucleation using various holmium laser (HoLEP) settings and/or bipolar devices (BipoLEP). Design: This study was retrospective. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 158 BPH patients treated surgically, categorized by method: BipoLEP ( n = 28), HoLEP with short pulse (HoLEP-SP, n = 26), HoLEP with long pulse and low energy (HoLEP-LP/LE, n = 29), HoLEP with long pulse and high energy (HoLEP-LP/HE, n = 26), HoLEP using Moses technology (HoLEP-Mo, n = 19), and a combination of HoLEP and BipoLEP (HoLEP-mix, n = 30). We assessed enucleation, morcellation, coagulation, and overall operation efficiency, along with complications at immediate, 2-week, and 3-month postoperative intervals. Results: The HoLEP-LP/LE group exhibited the highest overall operation efficiency ( p < 0.05). The BipoLEP and HoLEP-SP groups had lower enucleation efficiency ( p < 0.05). HoLEP-LP/LE and BipoLEP showed superior coagulation efficiency ( p < 0.05). Excluding hard nodule cases, the HoLEP-mix group had reduced morcellation efficiency compared to HoLEP-LP/LE ( p < 0.05). Complication rates did not significantly differ between groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: The HoLEP-LP/LE procedure demonstrated superior performance in enucleation, morcellation, coagulation, and overall operation efficiency. Complication rates were comparable across all groups. BipoLEP, while less efficient in enucleation than some HoLEP settings, proved effective and safe. In addition, the Moses technology may offer enhanced bleeding control.