bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and organizational psychosocial predictors of hospital doctors’ work-related well-being: A multilevel and moderation perspective
Authors: Teoh Kevin R.H. , Hassard Juliet , Cox Tom 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The high prevalence of burnout and depression among doctors highlights the need to understand the psychosocial antecedents to their work-related well-being. However, much of the existing research has been atheoretical, operationalized a narrow measurement of well-being, and predominantly examined such relationships at the individual level.

Purpose:
This study uses a multilevel perspective to examine individual (i.e., job demands and resources) and organizational-level psychosocial predictors of three measures of work-related well-being: perceived stress, presenteeism, and work engagement. The job demands–resources theory underpins the postulated relationships.

Methodology:
The 2014 National Health Service Staff Survey was analyzed using multilevel modeling in MPlus. The data set involved 14,066 hospital-based doctors grouped into 157 English hospital organizations (i.e., Trusts).

Results:
Congruent with job demands–resources theory, job demands (workplace aggression and insufficient work resources) were stronger predictors of perceived stress and presenteeism than job resources. Equally, job resources (job control and manager support) were generally stronger predictors of work engagement than job demands. At the organizational level, bed occupancy rates and number of emergency admissions predicted work engagement. No hypothesized individual or multilevel interactions were observed between any of the job demands and resources.

Practical Implications:
The findings emphasize that a broader perspective of work-related well-being among hospital doctors should be employed and the empirical value of examining such relationships from a multilevel perspective. Successful health intervention should target the appropriate antecedent pathway and recognize the role of organizational-level factors when trying to manage hospital doctors’ work-related well-being.
Impact of Acetic Acid on HPV Testing Using Hybrid Capture 2
Authors: Pina Annick , Sauthier Philippe , Coutlée François , Trottier Helen , Mayrand Marie-Hélène 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesAs per the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is currently used as part of cervical cancer screening and during colposcopy follow-up. The present project evaluated if the application of acetic acid (AA) impacts HPV test results.MethodsWe conducted a prospective nonrandomized interventional study. Participants referred for colposcopy were eligible if immunocompetent, older than 18 years, and not pregnant. Women in group A (controls) received 2 consecutive HPV tests without application of AA. Women in group B had a first HPV sample collected before the application of AA and a second sample collected 3 minutes after application of AA. Samples were tested for HPV DNA with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.ResultsFrom October 17, 2012, to January 10, 2013, approximately 101 women were recruited in 2 colposcopy clinics. In each group, concordance was 98%, with only 1 participant having discordant results (testing negative on the first sample and positive on the second sample). We found no statistically significant difference in relative light units(RLUs) between groups (median of difference, − 0.02 vs −0.05 RLU;p= .93).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that acetic acid at concentrations of 3% to 5% and sequential cervical sampling do not modify the result of HPV testing by Hybrid Capture 2.
Constructing Item Banks for Measuring Quality of Life in Refractive Error
Authors: Kandel Himal , Khadka Jyoti , Fenwick Eva K. , Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sharma Sadhana , Sharma Binita , Kafle Kopila , Kharal Anish , Kaiti Raju , Dhungana Purushottam , Nepal Bhagavat Prasad , Thapa Suman , Lamoureux Ecosse , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: June 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Existing patient-reported outcome instruments in refractive error are paper-based questionnaires. They are not comprehensive and psychometrically robust. This study has identified the content of the refractive error–specific item banks that aim to provide comprehensive and scientific measurement of refractive error–specific quality of life.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify minimally representative, optimally informative, and efficient sets of items for measuring quality of life in people with refractive error.

METHODS
First, items were identified from existing patient-reported outcome instruments. Second, items were developed from qualitative studies with people with refractive error (48 and 101 in-depth interviews in Australia and Nepal, respectively). Third, classification and selection of items were done based on a set of systematic criteria using an iterative process of binning and winnowing. The resulting items underwent cognitive testing with people with refractive error in Australia and in Nepal. Each step was guided by an expert panel consensus.

RESULTS
We retrieved 792 items from the existing patient-reported outcome instruments. From the interviews conducted in Australia, a total of 2367 comments were coded into 807 initial items. Similarly, from the interviews conducted in Nepal, 3477 comments were coded into 914 initial items. After binning and winnowing, followed by cognitive testing, a final set of items comprising 337 items for the Item-pool (Australia) and 308 items for the Item-pool (Nepal), both spanning 12 domains, was obtained. Forty-seven percent of items were common across the two item pools. In the Item-pool (Nepal), 65% items were common for corrected and uncorrected refractive error.

CONCLUSIONS
We identified the content of two different sets of item banks to comprehensively measure the impact of refractive error on quality of life for people in Australia and Nepal, which may be applicable to high-income country settings and low- and middle-income country settings, respectively. Future work aims to develop computer-adaptive testing system to administer the item banks, resulting in useful measurement tools for researchers, clinicians, and policy planners.
Gender Differences in the Professional and Personal Lives of Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Furnas Heather J. , Garza Rebecca M. , Li Alexander Y. , Johnson Debra J. , Bajaj Anureet K. , Kalliainen Loree K. , Weston Jane S. , Song David H. , Chung Kevin C. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Although the number of women becoming plastic surgeons has increased during the past six decades, in comparison with the current gender parity in medical schools, plastic surgery still attracts disproportionately more men. Previous studies have shown disparities in the professional and personal lives of female and male plastic surgeons. A survey study was conducted to identify current challenges women and men encounter in the pursuit of a plastic surgical career to guide remedial strategies.

Methods:
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to American Society of Plastic Surgeons members and candidates for comparison between sexes. Differences were tested by the Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests.

Results:
Women were more likely than men to have experienced sexism or bias. Women were less likely to be married; be satisfied with work-life balance; or feel recognized for ideas, authorship, promotions, or raises. Women felt that their sex was a disadvantage in career advancement, with one exception: unlike men, women felt many patients chose them because of their sex. Despite these challenges, over 80 percent of all plastic surgeons were satisfied with their choice of career.

Conclusions:
Traditions and gender bias create disparities in the personal and professional lives of female and male plastic surgeons. Our specialty must make concrete changes to promote all plastic surgeons, both women and men, to thrive personally and professionally.
Fournier Gangrene: Association of Mortality with the Complete Blood Count Parameters
Authors: Demir Canser Yilmaz , Yuzkat Nureddin , Ozsular Yavuz , Kocak Omer Faruk , Soyalp Celaleddin , Demirkiran Hilmi 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The authors studied the alterations in mean platelet volume, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and red blood cell distribution width values together with the platelet count in hospitalized patients diagnosed with Fournier gangrene to determine their association with disease prognosis.

Methods:
Records of patients diagnosed with Fournier gangrene were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
Seventy-four patients (49 men and 25 women) with a mean age of 57.60 ± 15.34 years (range, 20 to 95 years) were included. Sixty-eight participants were discharged and six died during follow-up. In the discharged group, during hospitalization, there was a trend downward in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume values, whereas platelet count increased significantly. In the nonsurvivor group, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume after first débridement and at the end of hospitalization were significantly higher; platelet counts at admission, after the first débridement, and at the end of hospitalization were significantly lower compared with the survivor group (p < 0.05). In correlation analysis, mortality rate was negatively correlated with platelet count at admission and after first débridement and positively correlated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume after first débridement. Regarding the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, a platelet count of 188,500/µl at admission and 196,000/µl after the first débridement, a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of 13.71, and a mean platelet volume of 9.25 fl after the first débridement were defined as the cutoff levels having the best sensitivities and specificities.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that platelet count at admission and platelet count, mean platelet volume, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after first débridement and during discharge may be included among the prognostic scores of Fournier gangrene. The authors defined some threshold values that can be used during patient follow-up. Larger prospective studies are warranted to determine the exact role of those parameters in the prognosis of Fournier gangrene.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
The Lumbar Artery Perforator Flap in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Initial Experience with 100 Cases
Authors: Opsomer Dries , Stillaert Filip , Blondeel Phillip , Van Landuyt Koenraad 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The lumbar artery perforator flap is an alternative flap in breast reconstruction for those patients who are not eligible for a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap. Shaping of this flap is easier compared with other flaps because of the quality of the lumbar fat and the gluteal extension.

Methods:
Between October of 2010 and June of 2017, a total of 100 lumbar artery perforator free flap breast reconstructions were performed in 72 patients. Patient demographics, indications, flap specifics, and complications were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Twenty-eight bilateral and 44 unilateral breast reconstructions with a lumbar artery perforator flap were performed. Mean patient age was 48 years, and the average body mass index was 23.11 kg/m2. The authors report 43 preventive mastectomies for elevated cancer risk with subsequent immediate reconstruction, 34 secondary reconstructions, and 14 tertiary reconstructions. Mean operative time was 7 hours 4 minutes, including the mastectomy in primary cases. Mean flap weight was 499 g (range, 77 to 1216 g) and mean follow-up time was 30 months. The revision rate was 22 percent and nine flaps were lost.

Conclusions:
The lumbar artery perforator flap is a valuable alternative to the DIEAP flap in breast reconstructive surgery. It is an excellent flap for BRCA-positive patients who are typically young and have limited excess tissue at the conventional donor sites. Despite higher revision rates compared with the DIEAP flap, the lumbar flap is superior in mimicking the shape and feel of native breast tissue. Scarring at the donor site remains a sore point but can be easily treated and used to an advantage to contour the flanks.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Strategies for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Adopted in the “Real-World” Setting: Data From the Italian Register for HIV-1 Infection in Children
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Galli Luisa , Lisi Catiuscia , Gabiano Clara , Esposito Susanna , Giacomet Vania , Giaquinto Carlo , Rampon Osvalda , Badolato Raffaele , Genovese Orazio , Buffolano Wilma , Osimani Patrizia , Cellini Monica , Bernardi Stefania , Maccabruni Anna , Dodi Icilio , Salvini Filippo , Faldella Giacomo , Quercia Michele , Gotta Cristina , Rabusin Marco , Natale Fabio , Mazza Antonio , Merighi Mara , Tovo Pier-Angelo , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Strategies for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have been continuously optimized. However, cases of vertical transmission continue to occur in high-income countries.

Objectives:
To investigate changes in PMTCT strategies adopted by Italian clinicians over time and to evaluate risk factors for transmission.

Methods:
Data from mother–child pairs prospectively collected by the Italian Register, born in Italy in 1996–2016, were analyzed. Risk factors for MTCT were explored by logistic regression analyses.

Results:
Six thousand five hundred three children (348 infections) were included. In our cohort, the proportion of children born to foreign mothers increased from 18.3% (563/3078) in 1996%–2003% to 66.2% (559/857) in 2011–2016 (P < 0.0001). Combination neonatal prophylaxis use significantly (P < 0.0001) increased over time, reaching 6.3% (56/857) after 2010, and it was largely (4.2%) adopted in early preterm infants. The proportion of vaginal deliveries in women with undetectable viral load (VL) increased over time and was 9.9% (85/857) in 2011–2016; no infection occurred among them. In children followed up since birth MTCT, rate was 3.5% (96/2783) in 1996–2003; 1.4% (36/2480) in 2004–2010; and 1.1% (9/835) in 2011–2016. At a multivariate analysis, factors associated with MTCT were vaginal delivery with detectable or missing VL or nonelective caesarean delivery, prematurity, breastfeeding, lack of maternal or neonatal antiretroviral therapy, detectable maternal VL, and age at first observation. Previously described increased risk of offspring of immigrant women was not confirmed.

Conclusions:
Risk of MTCT in Italy is ongoing, even in recent years, underling the need for implementation of the current screening program in pregnancy. Large combination neonatal prophylaxis use in preterm infants was observed, even if data on safety and efficacy in prematures are poor.
Women’s Rehabilitation Experiences Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Reigle Beverly S. , Zhang Bin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivors represent 23% of the 15.5 million cancer survivors in the United States. Treatment-related morbidities such as adhesive capsulitis and lymphedema impact functional ability and quality of life. Postoperative exercises have been recommended for years. However, few studies exist that describe the postoperative rehabilitation experience of breast cancer survivors.

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine the rehabilitation experiences of women following breast cancer surgery.

Methodology
The study used a descriptive–correlational design. A convenience sample of 594 breast cancer survivors completed and returned a mailed questionnaire.

Findings
Results indicated that 61% reported that postoperative exercises were prescribed. Forty-eight percent reported performing the exercises as instructed. Performing exercises as instructed was significantly associated with increased functional ability (p < .0001).

Conclusion
Breast cancer survivors who perform postoperative rehabilitation exercises as instructed may improve functional ability.

Clinical Implication
Rehabilitation nurses can have an instrumental role in the postoperative rehabilitation care of this population.
The Intersection of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care: Patients With Advanced Cancer in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Padgett Lynne S. , Asher Arash , Cheville Andrea 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients diagnosed with advanced cancer often differ from the traditional patient typically seen in the inpatient rehabilitation setting.

Purpose
To identify differences in care while highlighting the considerable similarities between the complementary specialties of palliative care and rehabilitation, and to provide rehabilitation clinicians with knowledge and skills to enhance care for palliative care patients and their families.

Methodology
Narrative literature review describing common functional losses in patients diagnosed with advanced cancer, followed by articulation of the intersection of palliative care with traditional rehabilitation approaches and goals.

Conclusion
The evidence supports implementation of a distinct body of skills and knowledge, referred to as “palliative rehabilitation,” among inpatient rehabilitation providers.

Clinical Implications
Implementing palliative rehabilitation skills can improve the quality of care within the inpatient rehabilitation setting for patients with advanced cancer.
Regulation of checkpoint kinase signalling and tumorigenesis by the NF-κB regulated gene, CLSPN
Authors: Hunter Jill E. , Butterworth Jacqueline A. , Sellier Helene , Luli Saimir , Floudas Achilleas , Moore Adam J. , Thomas Huw D. , Campbell Kirsteen J. , Kenneth Niall S. , Chiremba Robson T. , Tiniakos Dina , Knight Andrew M. , Gewurz Benjamin E. , Oakley Fiona , Garrett Michelle D. , Collins Ian , Perkins Neil D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInhibition of the tumour promoting activities of NF-κB by cell signalling pathways has been proposed as a natural mechanism to limit the development of cancer. However, there has been a lack of evidence for these effects in vivo. Here we report that RelAT505A mice, where a CHK1 targeted Thr505 phosphosite is mutated to alanine, display earlier onset of MYC driven lymphoma than wild type littermates. We describe a positive feedback loop in which the NF-κB subunits RelA and c-Rel, in a manner dependent upon RelA Thr505 phosphorylation, drive the expression of the ATR checkpoint kinase regulator Claspin in response to DNA replication stress in cancer cells. This in turn is required for maintenance of CHK1 activity. Loss of a single allele of the Clspn gene in mice is sufficient to drive earlier tumorigenesis and low levels of CLSPN mRNA expression are associated with worse survival in some forms of human cancer. We propose that loss of this pathway early in tumorigenesis promotes cancer development through increased genomic instability. However, in malignant cancer cells it can help promote their addiction to the checkpoint kinase signalling required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Importantly, disruption of this pathway leads to resistance of cells to treatment with CHK1 inhibitors. Claspin expression could therefore act as a biomarker for responsiveness of patients to CHK1 inhibitors and provide a potential pathway for the development of tumour resistance.
Corrosion protection performance of reinforced steel coated with paints based on waste materials
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa G. , Ahmed Nivin M. , Abd El-Gawad Walaa M. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Using organic coatings serves as a key method to protect metal structures against corrosion. Attempts have been made to improve the corrosion inhibition of the coatings using novel types of pigments. This study aims to study the application of organic coatings containing rice straw (RS) waste as anticorrosive pigment for corrosion protection of reinforced steel. The RS was used by precipitating a thin layer of ferrite pigments on its surface to improve their characteristics and corrosion resistance activity.

Design/methodology/approach
The evaluation of corrosion behavior of coated reinforced steel with paints containing these novel pigments is reported using different electrochemical methods.

Findings
The coatings containing the new prepared RS-ferrite pigments offered good corrosion protection, and coatings containing RS-ZnFe showed the best protection performance.

Originality/value
This paper introduces novel method to prepare treated RS without any burning and to play the role of pigments in anticorrosive paint formulations based on its silica content.
Towards establishing an Islamic retail bank in a Muslim-minority country
Authors: Rassool Najmul Hussein 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this research study is to explore and analyze the factors that will favour or constrain the introduction of an Islamic Retail bank in a Muslim-minority country such as Mauritius. This research attempts to fill the gap in the empirical literature on the setting up of an Islamic Retail bank in a Muslim-minority country. It recognizes upfront that Islamic banking offers an alternative banking system that is attractive to both Muslims and non-Muslims.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a mixed approach to address the prospects and challenges of establishing an Islamic Retail bank in Mauritius.FindingsThe research finds that there are various prospects for an Islamic retail bank in Mauritius for Muslims and non-Muslims, including enabling legal, fiscal and regulatory framework, the financing of small- and medium-sized enterprises and the issuance ofṣukūk(Islamic investment certificates). The research also finds that the development of an Islamic retail bank in Mauritius face various challenges. Some of these challenges are lack of Sharīʿah-compliant liquidity instruments and inter-bank deposits, lack of knowledge and understanding of Sharīʿah-compliant products and the enforcement of Islamic contracts in court.Originality/valueThis in-depth study appears to be comprehensive and will help in developing a solid foundation for establishing an Islamic retail bank in Mauritius.