bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PolyProc: A Modular Processing Pipeline for X-ray Diffraction Tomography
Authors: Kang Jiwoong , Lu Ning , Loo Issac , Senabulya Nancy , Shahani Ashwin J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Direct imaging of three-dimensional microstructure via X-ray diffraction-based techniques gives valuable insight into the crystallographic features that influence materials properties and performance. For instance, X-ray diffraction tomography provides information on grain orientation, position, size, and shape in a bulk specimen. As such techniques become more accessible to researchers, demands are placed on processing the datasets that are inherently “noisy,” multi-dimensional, and multimodal. To fulfill this need, we have developed a one-of-a-kind function package, PolyProc, that is compatible with a range of data shapes, from planar sections to time-evolving and three-dimensional orientation data. Our package comprises functions to import, filter, analyze, and visualize the reconstructed grain maps. To accelerate the computations in our pipeline, we harness computationally efficient approaches: for instance, data alignment is done via genetic optimization; grain tracking through the Hungarian method; and feature-to-feature correlation through k-nearest neighbors algorithm. As a proof-of-concept, we test our approach in characterizing the grain texture, topology, and evolution in a polycrystalline Al–Cu alloy undergoing coarsening.
Back to basics: tackling security threats in an increasingly complex world
Authors: Fielding Jon 
Published: July 2019

Something strange is happening to the world of IT. As technological innovation drives businesses to become more productive, innovative and agile, it's simultaneously driving those tasked with protecting these new networks and systems to breaking point. Complexity might be hidden from the end user, but it's making the job of the IT security function more challenging by the day. As technological innovation drives businesses to become more productive, innovative and agile, it's simultaneously driving those tasked with protecting these new networks and systems to breaking point. Complexity might be hidden from the end user, but it's making the job of the IT security function more challenging by the day. This can sometimes make it difficult for security practitioners to filter out the noise and remember what's really important. Organisations need to focus on the end user and adopt basic best practices to ensure their security is built on a solid foundation, argues Jon Fielding of Apricorn.
Swimming freely near the ground leads to flow-mediated equilibrium altitudes
Authors: Kurt Melike , Cochran-Carney Jackson , Zhong Qiang , Mivehchi Amin , Quinn Daniel B. , Moored Keith W. 
Published: July 2019

Experiments and computations are presented for a foil pitching about its leading edge near a planar, solid boundary. The foil is examined when it is constrained in space and when it is unconstrained or freely swimming in the cross-stream direction. It was found that the foil has stable equilibrium altitudes: the time-averaged lift is zero at certain altitudes and acts to return the foil to these equilibria. These stable equilibrium altitudes exist for both constrained and freely swimming foils and are independent of the initial conditions of the foil. In all cases, the equilibrium altitudes move farther from the ground when the Strouhal number is increased or the reduced frequency is decreased. Potential flow simulations predict the equilibrium altitudes to within 3 %–11 %, indicating that the equilibrium altitudes are primarily due to inviscid mechanisms. In fact, it is determined that stable equilibrium altitudes arise from an interplay among three time-averaged forces: a negative jet deflection circulatory force, a positive quasistatic circulatory force and a negative added mass force. At equilibrium, the foil exhibits a deflected wake and experiences a thrust enhancement of 4 %–17 % with no penalty in efficiency as compared to a pitching foil far from the ground. These newfound lateral stability characteristics suggest that unsteady ground effect may play a role in the control strategies of near-boundary fish and fish-inspired robots.
Elastic Analysis of Inhomogeneous Solids: History and Development in Brief
Authors: Tokovyy Yuriy , Ma Chien-Ching 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTInhomogeneous materials (the ones exhibiting spatial variations in their, all or specific, material properties) present a great deal of interest for scientists and engineers in both academia and industry. For over a hundred years, the mechanical behavior of inhomogeneous materials excites numerous attempts in mathematical modeling and development of methods for proper analysis and verification. With this concern, the reach experience was gained by scientists of different scientific schools in many countries. Despite numerous significant achievements, some results, unfortunately, remain unnoticed by the wide scientific community. On the other hand, one can observe a growing number of publications which repeatedly publish the solutions reported years ago or deal with the similar problems with slight modifications. The main objective of this paper is to:i) present a brief survey of the development history of the elastic analysis of inhomogeneous solids andii) characterize some dominant analytical and semi-analytical methods. It was not our intent here to provide a comprehensive list of references on the topic, which is nearly impossible to make in view of rapidly growing number of publications and other restrictions, but to emphasize some important, in our opinion, stages of the development, methods and results.
Resonant Frequency Reduction of Piezoelectric Voltage Energy Harvester by Elastic Boundary Condition
Authors: Ong Zhi Chao , Huang Yu-Hsi , Chou Sheng-Lun 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMost vibration-based energy harvesters, including piezoelectric harvester system, perform efficiently at only its resonant frequency as linear resonators, usually at very high frequency which are out of the range of frequency of interest. In real life applications, these linear resonators are impractical since real ambient vibrations are simply having varying lower frequencies. Hence, design a tuneable vibration energy harvester at a lower and useful frequency range of interest are essential in allowing promising energy output to meet intended power input at a more practical approach. In this paper, the piezoelectric voltage energy harvester (PVEH) was designed with a flexible fixture with the aim to reduce its first fundamental natural frequency. Two thickness of elastic fixtures were applied to generate power on PVEH. Three experimental techniques were used to measure the vibration characteristics of PVEH. First, the full-field optical technique, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) measured simultaneously the resonant frequencies and mode shapes. This is followed by the pointwise measurement system, laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) in which the resonant frequencies were measured by dynamic signal swept-sine analysis. The resonant frequencies and anti-resonant frequencies were also obtained by impedance analysis. The results obtained from experimental measurements were compared with finite element numerical calculation. It is found that the boundary conditions under the elastic fixtures can effectively reduce the resonant frequency of the PVEH with a reasonable voltage output. The fundamental natural frequency of PVEH with the thickness of 0.58-mm elastic fixture is reduced to 37 Hz maintaining at 7.1 volts (1.2 mW), in comparison with the natural frequency on cantilevered PVEH at 78 Hz that produces 7.7 volts (6.5 mW).
A -ANALOGUE OF A HYPERGEOMETRIC CONGRUENCE
Authors: GU CHENG-YANG , GUO VICTOR J. W. 
Published: July 2019

We give a $q$-analogue of the following congruence: for any odd prime $p$, $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}(-1)^{k}(6k+1)\frac{(\frac{1}{2})_{k}^{3}}{k!^{3}8^{k}}\mathop{\sum }_{j=1}^{k}\biggl(\frac{1}{(2j-1)^{2}}-\frac{1}{16j^{2}}\biggr)\equiv 0\;(\text{mod}\;p),\end{eqnarray}$$ which was originally conjectured by Long and later proved by Swisher. This confirms a conjecture of the second author [‘A $q$-analogue of the (L.2) supercongruence of Van Hamme’, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 466 (2018), 749–761].
Point derivations and cohomologies of Lipschitz algebras
Authors: Kawamura Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor a compact metric space (K, d), LipK denotes the Banach algebra of all complex-valued Lipschitz functions on (K, d). We show that the continuous Hochschild cohomology Hn(LipK, (LipK)*) and Hn(LipK, ℂe) are both infinite-dimensional vector spaces for each n ≥ 1 if the space K contains a certain infinite sequence which converges to a point e ∈ K. Here (LipK)* is the dual module of LipK and ℂe denotes the complex numbers with a LipK-bimodule structure defined by evaluations of LipK-functions at e. Examples of such metric spaces include all compact Riemannian manifolds, compact geodesic metric spaces and infinite compact subsets of ℝ. In particular, the (small) global homological dimension of LipK is infinite for every such space. Our proof uses the description of point derivations by Sherbert [‘The structure of ideals and point derivations in Banach algebras of Lipschitz functions’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.111 (1964), 240–272] and directly constructs non-trivial cocycles with the help of alternating cocycles of Johnson [‘Higher-dimensional weak amenability’, Studia Math.123 (1997), 117–134]. An alternating construction of cocycles on the basis of the idea of Kleshchev [‘Homological dimension of Banach algebras of smooth functions is equal to infinity’, Vest. Math. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 1. Mat. Mech.6 (1988), 57–60] is also discussed.
Characteristics of farmers’ selection criteria for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties differ between north and south regions of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ishikawa Haruki , Drabo Issa , Joseph Batieno B. , Muranaka Satoru , Fatokun Christian , Boukar Ousmane 
Published: July 2019

SummaryComparative analysis of preferences and key criteria for selecting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties was conducted using the data collected from farmers’ participatory varietal selection (FPVS) activities conducted over 3 years with a total of 2401 farmers (1230 male and 1171 female) in 13 villages in Tougouri department in northern region and Tiéfora department in southern region of Burkina Faso in West Africa. Over the 3 years, farmer criteria for variety selection remained basically stable, but some variations among the regions and years were noticed. Grain yield was the most common and the most important criterion for farmers’ choice in both regions. Farmers in Tougouri (north) put more emphasis on early maturity (90%) and drought resistance (19.7%) as selection criteria than farmers in Tiéfora (south). Farmers in Tiéfora placed statistically significant importance on seed colour and plant type, while farmers in Tougouri did not, and for these selection criteria, there were only slight differences between genders in both areas. Results of stepwise multiple regression indicated that maturity and seed colour in the north, and seed size and seed colour in the south were the most important selection factors for farmers to select cowpea varieties. Improved varieties should have sufficiently good yield to be accepted, but other favoured traits may differ by target region as a reflection of local and regional market demands as well as deep-rooted cultural preferences. Understanding local and regional differences in selection criteria for cowpea varieties is necessary to improve the acceptance of newly released improved varieties. Preferences identified in the participatory activities could inform further development of cowpea breeding strategies for north and south regions of Burkina Faso.
Simulation training in laser safety education: the use of technical and non-technical skills simulation in a comprehensive laser safety course
Authors: Hall C , Okhovat S , Milner T D , Montgomery J , Hitchings A , Kunanandam T , Clement W A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe completion of a laser safety course remains a core surgical curriculum requirement for otolaryngologists training in the UK. This project aimed to develop a comprehensive laser safety course utilising both technical and non-technical skills simulation.MethodsOtolaryngology trainees and consultants from the West of Scotland Deanery attended a 1-day course comprising lectures, two high-fidelity simulation scenarios and a technical simulation of safe laser use in practice.ResultsThe course, and in particular the use of simulation training, received excellent feedback from otolaryngology trainees and consultants who participated. Both simulation scenarios were validated for future use in laser simulation.ConclusionThe course has been recognised as a laser safety course sufficient for the otolaryngology Certificate of Completion of Training. To the authors’ knowledge, this article represents the first description of using in situ non-technical skills simulation training for teaching laser use in otolaryngology.
Stratifying major depressive disorder by polygenic risk for schizophrenia in relation to structural brain measures
Authors: Harris Mathew A. , Shen Xueyi , Cox Simon R. , Gibson Jude , Adams Mark J. , Clarke Toni-Kim , Deary Ian J. , Lawrie Stephen M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial clinical heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests it may group together individuals with diverse aetiologies. Identifying distinct subtypes should lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment, while providing more useful targets for further research. Genetic and clinical overlap between MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ) suggests an MDD subtype may share underlying mechanisms with SCZ.MethodsThe present study investigated whether a neurobiologically distinct subtype of MDD could be identified by SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS). We explored interactive effects between SCZ PRS and MDD case/control status on a range of cortical, subcortical and white matter metrics among 2370 male and 2574 female UK Biobank participants.ResultsThere was a significant SCZ PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex (RACC) thickness (β= 0.191,q= 0.043). This was driven by apositiveassociation between SCZ PRS and RACC thickness among MDD cases (β= 0.098,p= 0.026), compared to a negative association among controls (β= −0.087,p= 0.002). MDD cases with low SCZ PRS showed thinner RACC, although the opposite difference for high-SCZ-PRS cases was not significant. There were nominal interactions for other brain metrics, but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsOur significant results indicate that MDD case-control differences in RACC thickness vary as a function of SCZ PRS. Although this was not the case for most other brain measures assessed, our specific findings still provide some further evidence that MDD in the presence of high genetic risk for SCZ is subtly neurobiologically distinct from MDD in general.
Temporal aspects of wellbeing in later life: gardening among older African Americans in Detroit
Authors: Robbins Jessica C. , Seibel Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGardening has well-established physical, social and emotional benefits for older adults in varied circumstances. In Detroit, Michigan (United States of America), as in many cities, policy makers, funders, researchers, community organisations and residents regard gardening as a means of transforming bodies, persons, communities, cities and broader polities. We draw on ethnographic research conducted during one gardening season with 27 older African Americans in Detroit to foreground the social dimensions of wellbeing in later life and thus develop a more robust and nuanced understanding of gardening's benefits for older adults. Based on anthropological understandings of personhood and kinship, this article expands concepts of wellbeing to include social relations across multiple scales (individual, interpersonal, community, state) and temporalities (of the activity itself, experiences of ageing, city life). Even when performed alone, gardening fosters connections with the past, as gardeners are reminded of deceased loved ones through practices and the plants themselves, and with the future, through engagement with youth and community. Elucidating intimate connections and everyday activities of older African American long-term city residents counters anti-black discourses of ‘revitalisation’. An expansive concept of wellbeing has implications for understanding the generative potential of meaningful social relations in later life and the vitality contributed by older adults living in contexts of structural inequality.
First-generation circular migrants involved in the upbringing of their grandchildren: the case of Turkish immigrants in Germany
Authors: Tezcan Tolga 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollowing retirement, older immigrants increasingly tend to engage in circular migration. This back-and-forth movement introduces a variety of challenges affecting the nature of grandparenthood as well as grandparental involvement in the upbringing of grandchildren. For circular migrant grandparents, maintaining intergenerational relationships requires them to overcome not only geographic distances, but also linguistic and cultural differences. In families with circular migrant grandparents, intergenerational conflict often springs from disparate generational exposure to acculturation processes, producing divergent aspirations within the first and second generations regarding the upbringing of the third generation. This study explores how first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents attempt to raise grandchildren who reside in Germany by implementing ‘cultural and instrumental transfers’. This study undertakes a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents (N = 40). The analysis finds that child-care assistance is characterised by intergenerational conflict – rather than solidarity or altruistic support – between the first and second generations. Moreover, through transnational arranged marriages, as a cultural transfer, andinter vivosgifts, as an instrumental transfer, grandparents encourage their grandchildren to return to Turkey permanently.
Hypofractioned radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of multiform glioblastoma in adults over 70 years old
Authors: Jiménez Cantero Adriana , Chávez Nogueda Jessica , Flores Vázquez Fabiola , Castillo de la Garza José Pablo , Hernández Montes de Oca Raymundo , Olmos Guzmán Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAim:Multiform glioblastoma (MG) represents 70% of all gliomas, with half of patients older than 65 years with median survival of 12–18 months, hypofractionation seeks to reduce the intensity and duration of treatment without impacting on survival rates. The objective was to determine the global survival and recurrence-free survival of adults over 70 years old with MG treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy and standard scheme. The review of patients older than 70 years treated with radiotherapy from 2013 to 2016 was performed.Results:Twenty-four patients were analysed, with a median follow-up of 239 days, and there is no difference in overall survival 12·3 versus 10·5 months (p = 0·55) and recurrence-free survival 8·3 versus 3·4 months (p = 0·48) between both schemes, conventional versus hypofractioanted, respectively.Conclusion:The results in this study show that hypofractionated scheme could be comparable in overall survival and recurrence-free survival to conventional fractionation, but a longer patients’ trial should be done.
Validation of the Brazilian version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS-Br) for patients with head and neck cancers
Authors: Pirola William Eduardo , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro , de Oliveira Cleyton Zanardo , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Kissane David , Paiva Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) in a sample of patients with head and neck cancers (HNC).MethodsThis is a validation study carried out in a Brazilian cancer hospital. Patients over 18 years old who knew about their HNC diagnosis were consecutively recruited, answering the SSS, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (General and Head and Neck supplement) questionnaire, and the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire. Internal consistency, test-retest procedure, convergent validity, and responsiveness analysis were the psychometric properties evaluated.ResultsA total of 122 HNC patients were included. The SSS showed appropriate internal consistency (alphas ranging from 0.71 to 0.86), test-retest reliability (higher than 0.92 with exception of the “Regret domain”), and convergent validity. The responsiveness analysis with 38 patients was able to discriminate the scores before and after prosthetic procedures.Significance of the ResultsThe Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSS may be considered a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of Brazilian patients with HNC. Future SSS validation studies are welcome in other developing countries in order to make cancer health providers aware of these negative feelings in their HNC patients.
Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties
Authors: Teerasan Wattanaporn , Srikaew Ing-on , Phaitreejit Kritkittisak , Kate-Ngam Sureeporn , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.