bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Intracardiac Shunting Provides Stable Gas Anesthesia in Tortoises
Authors: Greunz Eva Maria , Williams Catherine , Ringgaard Steffen , Hansen Kasper , Wang Tobias , Bertelsen Mads Frost 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInhalant anesthesia is challenging in chelonians due to a great capacity for breath-holding and an incomplete separation of the cardiac ventricle. Deoxygenated blood can recirculate back into systemic circulation by bypassing the lung in a process referred to as intracardiac right to left (R-L) shunting. Via electrocardiogram gated magnetic resonance imaging, a novel modality to investigate arterial flows in reptiles, intracardiac shunting and its elimination via atropine during gas anesthesia in tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was demonstrated. The great vessels of the heart were visualized confirming that after shunt-elimination, the flow (mean ± sd) in the pulmonary arteries increased significantly (54.6 ± 9.5 mL min−1 kg−1 vs 10.8 ± 3.4 mL min−1 kg−1; P < 0.008). Consequently, animals required significantly lower concentrations of inhaled anesthetics to maintain a stable anesthesia. To that end, the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane needed to maintain surgical anesthesia was measured. A significantly lower MAC was found after administration of atropine (mean MAC ± sd 2.2 ± 0.3% vs 3.2 ± 0.4%; P < 0.002). Previously, MAC has been indeterminable in chelonians likely due to intracardiac shunting, so this report constitutes the first MAC study performed in a tortoise.
Slow recovery from a disease epidemic in the spotted hyena, a keystone social carnivore
Authors: Benhaiem Sarah , Marescot Lucile , East Marion L. , Kramer-Schadt Stephanie , Gimenez Olivier , Lebreton Jean-Dominique , Hofer Heribert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPredicting the impact of disease epidemics on wildlife populations is one of the twenty-first century’s main conservation challenges. The long-term demographic responses of wildlife populations to epidemics and the life history and social traits modulating these responses are generally unknown, particularly for K-selected social species. Here we develop a stage-structured matrix population model to provide a long-term projection of demographic responses by a keystone social predator, the spotted hyena, to a virulent epidemic of canine distemper virus (CDV) in the Serengeti ecosystem in 1993/1994 and predict the recovery time for the population following the epidemic. Using two decades of longitudinal data from 625 known hyenas, we demonstrate that although the reduction in population size was moderate, i.e., the population showed high ecological ‘resistance’ to the novel CDV genotype present, recovery was slow. Interestingly, high-ranking females accelerated the population’s recovery, thereby lessening the impact of the epidemic on the population.
Neuronal coding of multiscale temporal features in communication sequences within the bat auditory cortex
Authors: García-Rosales Francisco , Beetz M. Jerome , Cabral-Calderin Yuranny , Kössl Manfred , Hechavarria Julio C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExperimental evidence supports that cortical oscillations represent multiscale temporal modulations existent in natural stimuli, yet little is known about the processing of these multiple timescales at a neuronal level. Here, using extracellular recordings from the auditory cortex (AC) of awake bats (Carollia perspicillata), we show the existence of three neuronal types which represent different levels of the temporal structure of conspecific vocalizations, and therefore constitute direct evidence of multiscale temporal processing of naturalistic stimuli by neurons in the AC. These neuronal subpopulations synchronize differently to local-field potentials, particularly in theta- and high frequency bands, and are informative to a different degree in terms of their spike rate. Interestingly, we also observed that both low and high frequency cortical oscillations can be highly informative about the listened calls. Our results suggest that multiscale neuronal processing allows for the precise and non-redundant representation of natural vocalizations in the AC.
Comparative study of photo-produced ionosphere in the close environment of comets
Authors: Beth A. , Galand M. , Heritier K. L. 
Published: November 2018

Context.TheGiottoand Rosetta missions gave us the unique opportunity of probing the close environment of cometary ionospheres of 1P/Halley (1P) and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). The plasma conditions encountered at these two comets were very different from each other, which mainly stem from the different heliocentric distances, which drive photoionization rates, and from the outgassing activities, which drive the neutral densities.Aims.We asses the relative contribution of different plasma processes that are ongoing in the inner coma: photoionization, transport, photoabsorption, and electron–ion dissociative recombination. The main goal is to identify which processes are at play to then quantitatively assess the ionospheric density.Methods.We provide a set of analytical formulas to describe the ionospheric number density profile for cometary environments that take into account some of these processes. We discuss the validity of each model in the context of the Rosetta andGiottomissions.Results.We show that transport is the dominant loss process at large cometocentric distances and low outgassing rates. Chemical plasma loss throughe−-ion dissociative recombination matters around 67P near perihelion and at 1P during theGiottoflyby: its effects increase as the heliocentric distance decreases, that is, at higher outgassing activity and higher photoionization frequency. Photoabsorption is of importance for outgassing rates higher than 1028s−1and only close to the cometary nucleus, well below the location of both spacecraft. Finally, regardless of the processes we considered, the ion number density profile always follows a 1∕rlaw at large cometocentric distances.
Chromospheric condensations and magnetic field in a C3.6-class flare studied via He I D3 spectro-polarimetry
Authors: Libbrecht Tine , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime , Danilovic Sanja , Leenaarts Jorrit , Pazira Hiva 
Published: November 2018

Context. Magnetic reconnection during flares takes place in the corona, but a substantial part of flare energy is deposited in the chromosphere. However, high-resolution spectro-polarimetric chromospheric observations of flares are very rare. The most used observables are Ca II 8542 Å and He I 10830 Å.
Aims. We aim to study the chromosphere during a C3.6 class flare via spectro-polarimetric observations of the He I D3 line.
Methods. We present the first SST/CRISP spectro-polarimetric observations of He I D3. We analyzed the data using the inversion code HAZEL, and estimate the line-of-sight velocity and the magnetic field vector.
Results. Strong He I D3 emission at the flare footpoints, as well as strong He I D3 absorption profiles tracing the flaring loops are observed during the flare. The He I D3 traveling emission kernels at the flare footpoints exhibit strong chromospheric condensations of up to ∼60 km s−1 at their leading edge. Our observations suggest that such condensations result in shocking the deep chromosphere, causing broad and modestly blueshifted He I D3 profiles indicating subsequent upflows. A strong and rather vertical magnetic field of up to ∼2500 G is measured in the flare footpoints, confirming that the He I D3 line is likely formed in the deep chromosphere at those locations. We provide chromospheric line-of-sight velocity and magnetic field maps obtained via He I D3 inversions. We propose a fan-spine configuration as the flare magnetic field topology.
Conclusions. The He I D3 line is an excellent diagnostic to study the chromosphere during flares. The impact of strong condensations on the deep chromosphere has been observed. Detailed maps of the flare dynamics and the magnetic field are obtained.
Heating of the solar photosphere during a white-light flare
Authors: Jurčák Jan , Kašparová Jana , Švanda Michal , Kleint Lucia 
Published: November 2018

Context. The Fe I lines observed by the Hinode/SOT spectropolarimeter were always seen in absorption, apart from the extreme solar limb. Here we analyse a unique dataset capturing these lines in emission during a solar white-light flare.
Aims. We analyse the temperature stratification in the solar photosphere during a white-light flare and compare it with the post-white-light flare state.
Methods. We used two scans of the Hinode/SOT spectropolarimeter to infer, by means of the LTE inversion code Stokes Inversion based on Response function (SIR), the physical properties in the solar photosphere during and after a white-light flare. The resulting model atmospheres are compared and the changes are related to the white-light flare.
Results. We show that the analysed white-light flare continuum brightening is probably not caused by the temperature increase at the formation height of the photospheric continuum. However, the photosphere is heated by the flare approximately down to log τ = −0.5 and this results in emission profiles of the observed Fe I lines. From the comparison with the post-white-light flare state of the atmosphere, we estimate that the major contribution to the increase in the continuum intensity originates in the heated chromosphere.
A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1
Authors: Clark J. S. , Najarro F. , Negueruela I. , Ritchie B. W. , González-Fernández C. , Lohr M. E. 
Published: November 2018

Context. Recent observational studies indicate that a large number of OB stars are found within binary systems which may be expected to interact during their lifetimes. Significant mass transfer or indeed merger of both components is expected to modify evolutionary pathways, facilitating the production of exceptionally massive stars which will present as blue stragglers. Identification and characterisation of such objects is crucial if the efficiency of mass transfer is to be established; a critical parameter in determining the outcomes of binary evolutionary channels.
Aims. The young and coeval massive cluster Westerlund 1 hosts a rich population of X-ray bright OB and Wolf–Rayet stars where the emission is attributed to shocks in the wind collision zones of massive binaries. Motivated by this, we instigated a study of the extremely X-ray luminous O supergiants Wd1-27 and -30a.
Methods. We subjected a multi-wavelength and -epoch photometric and spectroscopic dataset to quantitative non-LTE model atmosphere and time-series analysis in order to determine fundamental stellar parameters and search for evidence of binarity. A detailed examination of the second Gaia data release was undertaken to establish cluster membership.
Results. Both stars were found to be early/mid-O hypergiants with luminosities, temperatures and masses significantly in excess of other early stars within Wd1, hence qualifying as massive blue stragglers. The binary nature of Wd1-27 remains uncertain but the detection of radial velocity changes and the X-ray properties of Wd1-30a suggest that it is a binary with an orbital period ≤10 days. Analysis of Gaia proper motion and parallactic data indicates that both stars are cluster members; we also provide a membership list for Wd1 based on this analysis.
Conclusions. The presence of hypergiants of spectral types O to M within Wd1 cannot be understood solely via single-star evolution. We suppose that the early-B and mid-O hypergiants formed via binary-induced mass-stripping of the primary and mass-transfer to the secondary, respectively. This implies that for a subset of objects massive star-formation may be regarded as a two-stage process, with binary-driven mass-transfer or merger yielding stars with masses significantly in excess of their initial “birth” mass.
Arduino Applied in Temperature Controller Design for Photonic Devices ---Based on Engineering Students’ Creativity Development Program
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Zhao Xinran 
Published: November 2018

In an optical communication system, providing a stable and constant temperature environment for the optical chip is the key for a less loss communicating performance.
In this paper, a new design of temperature controller for photonics is set up based on the combination of the Thermoelectric Coolers (TEC) and Arduino. Through the process of the whole design, as we rely on Arduino to collect the temperature data and make the corresponding response according to the varying temperature. Thus, the design of the coding also plays a significant role in this project.
One great merit of using the coding to play a role as a controller and data collector, the characteristic and the function of one specific code do not change when the environment change. It can offer a stable constant temperature environment within ±0.05℃. The temperature controller for photonics offers a reliable temperature stabilizing approach for the optical chip. At last, it also offers a simple as well as useful structure of temperature controller which can be a useful reference to other fields besides the optical communication area.
Association of HLA Class II Alleles and Haplotypes with Type 1 Diabetes in Tunisian Arabs
Authors: Hajjej Abdelhafidh , Almawi Wassim Y. , Stayoussef Mouna , Hattab Lasmar , Hmida Slama 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe molecular association of HLA class II with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was investigated in Tunisian Arabs using 3 kinds of analyses. The first was a case-control association study, using Relative Predispositional Effects method, involved 137 T1DM cases and 258 control subjects. The second was family-based association-linkage study, using Transmission Disequilibrium Test, and covering 50 Tunisian families comprising 73 T1DM patients and 100 parents. The third was a wide correlation study between 4 DRB1 alleles (DRB1*03, *04, *11, *15) and T1DM in 52 countries, using Spearman’s Rho. Results from Case-control and family-based association studies showed that DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 alleles predispose to T1DM in Tunisian Arabs. Conversely, only DRB1*11 was protective for T1DM. DRB1*04-DQB1*03 haplotype was consistently associated positively with T1DM; DRB1*03/DRB1*04 genotype had the highest risk of T1DM development. Compared to DRB1*03, HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with higher T1DM incidence. Thus, the contribution of HLA class II to T1DM genetic susceptibility must be evaluated with regards to specific HLA alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes, and also ethnic and racial background.
A New Synthesis of Gefitinib
Authors: Maskrey Taber , Kristufek Tyler , LaPorte Matthew , Nyalapatla Prasanth , Wipf Peter 
Published: November 2018

A four-step synthesis of the FDA-approved anticancer agent gefitinib was developed starting from 2,4-dichloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline. Reaction temperatures were highly practical (0–55 °C), and chromatographic purifications were avoided. The ionic liquid trimethylammonium heptachlorodialuminate was used to monodemethylate the dimethoxyquinazoline core. In the final step, a selective dehalogenation was employed to provide gefitinib in 14% overall yield on a gram scale.
Bloody Rhetoric and Civic Unrest: Rhetorical Aims of Human Blood Splashing in the 2010 Thai Political Revolt
Authors: Adsanatham Chanon 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
In 2010, thousands of Thai citizens from the Red Shirt Movement splashed seventy-nine gallons of their blood in Bangkok to revolt for democracy. I argue that their conduct exemplified kaya karma in the Thai culture: the intentional use of the body and physical actions to achieve an end. Drawing upon my interviews with protesters in Thailand, I show how the demonstration represented the Red Shirts’ intentions to construct a patriotic identity; build solidarity and consubstantiation; defame the prime minister; and invoke fear, intimidation, and discomfort in the government. Altogether, the protest aimed to bolster the movement’s authority and disparage the government. Examining the Red Shirts’ kaya karma, I contend, enables us to further engage “the facts of nonusage” to broaden the trajectory of comparative rhetorical studies beyond the focus on canonical texts of elite exemplars and complicate our ability to see the available means of persuasion in non-Western contexts.
Decolonial Rhetoric and a Future Yet-to-Become: A Loving Response
Authors: Wanzer-Serrano Darrel 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn this response essay, I engage three reviews written by Kent A. Ono, Lisa Flores, and Vincent N. Pham of my book, The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation (Temple University Press, 2015). Building off of their analyses of my book, I offer speculation about the future(s) of decolonial rhetoric(s). Specifically, I examine how we can better cultivate senses of community, how we can begin decolonizing educational contexts, and I elaborate on the scope and direction of delinking and decoloniality in the future of rhetorical studies.
Effect of novel recovery garments utilising nanodiamond‐ and nanoplatinum‐coated materials (DPV576‐C) on physical and psychological stress in baseball players: A randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Choi Youngju , Makita Mizuho , Nakamura Yuki , Yamamoto Kousaku , Nara Takaaki , Kawamura Takashi , Fukuda Hidehiro , Katano Hideki , Miyakawa Shumpei , Maeda Seiji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on research suggesting that nanomaterial containing nanodiamond‐ and nanoplatinum‐coated fibres (DPV576‐C) may reduce the stress response, garments to enhance athletes’ recovery from training‐induced stress have been manufactured. This study examined the effects of wearing recovery garments on the physical and psychological stress of Japanese male baseball players. Thirty‐eight players aged 18–21 (19.6 ± 0.2 years) who participated in a two‐week intensified training programme were randomly assigned to two groups: 19 wore recovery (DPV576‐C) garments (RG group) and 19 wore non‐recovery garments (placebo group). Both groups wore the garments overnight. Mood states, using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) the training period. Saliva samples were collected from 07:00–07:30 am. Both groups’ fatigue scores significantly increased after the training period (RG: 8.4 ± 0.8–10.1 ± 0.8 score; placebo: 9.8 ± 1.0–11.7 ± 1.0 score). The total mood disturbance (TMD) score increased significantly in the placebo group (21.0 ± 2.3–27.2 ± 3.0 score) but not in the RG group (17.4 ± 2.7–20.2 ± 2.2 score). Salivary cortisol concentrations decreased significantly in the RG group (0.71 ± 0.08–0.49 ± 0.05 μg/dL) but not in the placebo group (0.61 ± 0.06–0.58 ± 0.10 μg/dL). Therefore, wearing the DPV576‐C garments overnight attenuated increases in TMD levels and decreased salivary cortisol levels following intensified training. DPV576‐C garments may have beneficial effects on training‐induced physical and psychological stress among athletes.
Perinatal variation and covariation of oxidative status and telomere length in yellow-legged gull chicks
Authors: Parolini Marco , Possenti Cristina Daniela , Romano Andrea , Caprioli Manuela , Rubolini Diego , Saino Nicola 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe perinatal period is critical to survival and performance of many organisms. In birds, rapid postnatal growth and sudden exposure to aerial oxygen around hatching markedly affect the chick redox status, with potentially negative consequences on physiology mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, telomere length (TL) undergoes reduction during birds’ early life, partly depending on oxidative status. However, relatively few studies have focused specifically on the changes in oxidative status and TL that occur immediately after hatching. In this study of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis, we found that chicks undergo a marked increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity and a marked decrease in the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules during the first days after hatching. In addition, TL in erythrocytes decreased by 1 standard deviation over the 4 days post-hatching. Body mass and tarsus length covaried with total antioxidant capacity and concentration of pro-oxidants in a complex way, that partly depended on sex and laying order, suggesting that oxidative status can affect growth. Moreover, TL positively covaried with the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules, possibly because retention of high concentrations of pro-oxidant molecules results from mechanisms of prevention of their negative effects, including reduction in TL. Thus, this study shows that chicks undergo marked variation in oxidative status, which predicts growth and subsequent TL, prompting for more studies of the perinatal changes in the critical post-hatching stages.
Quadriceps Lipid Content Has Sex-Specific Associations With Whole-Muscle, Cellular, and Molecular Contractile Function in Older Adults
Authors: Straight Chad R , Voigt Thomas B , Jala Anudeep V , Chase John D , Ringham Olivia R , Ades Philip A , Toth Michael J , Miller Mark S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Increased adiposity is associated with reduced skeletal muscle function in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To explore whether skeletal muscle properties track with adiposity, whole-muscle, cellular, and molecular function were examined in relation to adiposity measured at various anatomical levels in healthy older (60–80 years) men and women. Although women had greater absolute and relative body and thigh fat than men, quadriceps muscle attenuation, an index of intramuscular lipid content, was similar between sexes. At the whole-muscle level, greater quadriceps attenuation was associated with reduced knee extensor function in women, but not men. In women, decreased myosin heavy chain I and IIA fiber-specific force was associated with higher intramuscular lipid content, which may be explained, in part, by the reduced myofilament lattice stiffness found in myosin heavy chain IIA fibers. Longer myosin attachment times in myosin heavy chain I fibers from men and women were associated with greater amounts of adipose tissue, suggesting that fat deposits lead to slower myosin–actin cross-bridge kinetics. Our results indicate greater quantities of adipose tissue alter myofilament properties and cross-bridge kinetics, which may partially explain the adiposity-induced decrements in single-fiber and whole-muscle function of older adults, especially women.
Trajectories of change in childhood obesity prevalence across local authorities 2007/08–2015/16: a latent trajectory analysis
Authors: Viner Russell M , Hargreaves Dougal S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
We investigated differing trajectories of childhood obesity prevalence amongst English local authorities (LAs).

Methods
Data on prevalence of childhood obesity (BMI ≥ 95th centile) for Reception year and Year 6 for 150 LAs in England from 2006/07 to 2015/16 were obtained from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP). Latent class mixture modelling (LCCM) was used to identify classes of change in obesity prevalence.

Results
In Reception, most LAs showed little change across the period (Class 1; stable, moderate obesity prevalence;84%), with a smaller group with a high prevalence that fell thereafter (Class 2; high but falling obesity prevalence; 16%). In Year 6 we identified three classes: moderate obesity prevalence (Class 3; 43%); high and rising obesity prevalence (Class 2; 36%); and stable low obesity prevalence (Class 1; 21%). Greater LA deprivation and higher LA proportion of non-white ethnicity increased risk of being in Class 2 (Reception) or Class 2 or 3 (Year 6) compared with Class 1.

Conclusions
The prevalence of childhood obesity in LAs in England follow a small number of differing trajectories that are influenced by LA deprivation and ethnic composition. LAs following a stable low obesity trajectory for Year 6 are targets for further investigation.