bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Collective Financial Statecraft: Regional Development Banks and Voting Alignment with the United States at the United Nations General Assembly
Authors: Obydenkova Anastassia V , Rodrigues Vieira Vinícius G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhich limitations does the hegemon face when exerting financial statecraft through multilateral institutions? Recent studies indicate that intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are tools of collective financial statecraft sponsored by the United States, like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, lead developing states to align with Washington in the United Nations (UN). The same effect is verified in the case of US bilateral aid. Little, however, has been discussed about the effect of American-sponsored regional development banks (RDBs) in the same context. RDBs are IGOs with unique characteristics as each of them covers a region of the world and relies on resources from developed sponsors and developing borrowing members alike. In this article we aim to fill this gap in the debates on economic and financial statecraft by demonstrating through tobit models that the higher the material capabilities of a borrowing state that takes loans, the less likely it is to align with the United States at the UN General Assembly (UNGA). Membership of all RDBs but the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) yields the same effect. Results indicate the need to develop further research on RDBs to assess whether they create incentives for challenging the hegemon.
Performance, rumination, and rumen pH responses to different dietary energy density and feed management strategies in auction-derived feedlot cattle
Authors: Tomczak Dexter J , Lockard Catherine L , Jennings Jenny S , Richeson John T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Auction-derived steers (n = 36; initial BW = 284 ± 11 kg) were received to compare performance, rumination characteristics, and rumen pH differences due to alternative ration energy densities and feed management strategies during a 56 d receiving study. Cattle were weighed on day -1 and randomized to 1 of 3 treatments. Time spent ruminating was quantified with a three-axis accelerometer ear-tag. Rumen pH and temperature were logged in a random subset (n = 6 per treatment) by a ruminal bolus. Cattle were processed identically and housed in individual pens. The modified-live virus respiratory vaccination was delayed until day 28. The finisher (FIN) cattle were provided their daily feed as a high energy density (1.39 Mcal NEg/kg) diet. The finisher + hay (FIN+H) cattle were provided the same diet but were also offered 0.5% BW DM as coastal Bermudagrass hay on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28. The control (CON) cattle were fed a low energy density (0.93 Mcal NEg/kg) diet from day 0 to 7, then transitioned to the FIN diet by replacing an additional 25% of the daily feed call with FIN every 7 d until 100% of the diet was FIN on day 29. Feed offering for CON was increased more aggressively (0.45 kg DM daily for days 1 to 7, every other day for day 8 to 14) than FIN and FIN+H (0.45 kg DM every other day for days 1 to 7, daily for days 8 to 14). Performance and DMI were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS with treatment as a fixed effect. Rumination, pH, and temperature models included repeated measures. There was no treatment difference observed for BW, average daily gain (ADG), or G:F (P ≥ 0.12). There was a treatment × day interaction (P = 0.06) for rumen temperature, where FIN increased more rapidly following vaccination on day 28 compared to CON (P ≤ 0.04). Daily rumination minutes were greater (P < 0.01) for CON than FIN from days 7 to 22. Additionally, CON had the greatest (P < 0.01) hourly rumination from 2000 to 0800 hours. Lower minimum daily rumen pH occurred in FIN+H (P ≤ 0.06) on weeks 1, 2 and 6 to 8 compared to CON. There were minimal statistical differences in area under the curve or time below pH thresholds, probably due to large animal-to-animal variation. Hourly rumen pH was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) for FIN vs. FIN+H and CON during the initial 28 d, but greater (P = 0.05) for FIN and FIN+H during the final 28 d. When cattle are individually fed, greater energy density rations can be fed initially without compromising performance, but this needs to be evaluated in group pens where greater DMI variation is probable.
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair is coordinated by ubiquitin and SUMO in response to ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Liebelt Frauke , Schimmel Joost , Verlaan – de Vries Matty , Klemann Esra , van Royen Martin E , van der Weegen Yana , Luijsterburg Martijn S , Mullenders Leon H , Pines Alex , Vermeulen Wim , Vertegaal Alfred C O 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCockayne Syndrome (CS) is a severe neurodegenerative and premature aging autosomal-recessive disease, caused by inherited defects in the CSA and CSB genes, leading to defects in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) and consequently hypersensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. TC-NER is initiated by lesion-stalled RNA polymerase II, which stabilizes the interaction with the SNF2/SWI2 ATPase CSB to facilitate recruitment of the CSA E3 Cullin ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the precise biochemical connections between CSA and CSB are unknown. The small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO is important in the DNA damage response. We found that CSB, among an extensive set of other target proteins, is the most dynamically SUMOylated substrate in response to UV irradiation. Inhibiting SUMOylation reduced the accumulation of CSB at local sites of UV irradiation and reduced recovery of RNA synthesis. Interestingly, CSA is required for the efficient clearance of SUMOylated CSB. However, subsequent proteomic analysis of CSA-dependent ubiquitinated substrates revealed that CSA does not ubiquitinate CSB in a UV-dependent manner. Surprisingly, we found that CSA is required for the ubiquitination of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, RPB1. Combined, our results indicate that the CSA, CSB, RNA polymerase II triad is coordinated by ubiquitin and SUMO in response to UV irradiation. Furthermore, our work provides a resource of SUMO targets regulated in response to UV or ionizing radiation.
Sleep apnoea among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients in the Northern Territory of Australia—a comparative study
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S , Kruavit Anuk , Oguoma Victor M , Gokula Chandran , Mehra Sumit , Judge Daniel , Sajkov Dimitar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders (ATSI) are noted to have a higher burden of chronic health conditions. However, there is a paucity of data on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in this population. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of ATSI and non-ATSI adult patients who underwent diagnostic PSG between 2011 and 2015. There were a total of 3078 patients. Of the total, 403 (13%) were of ATSI origin. Among those of ATSI origin, 61% were male and 39% females, while among the non-ATSI cohort, 66% were males. The median age was 47.8 years in ATSI and 51.5 years in the non-ATSI cohort. In the combined cohort, body mass index was more than 30 kg/m2 (61%), hypertension (14.4%), diabetes (17.8%), and heart disease (23.3%). The ATSI patients had higher rates of class III obesity (27 vs. 15%), hypertension (26 vs. 14%), cardiac disease (34 vs. 23%), and diabetes (37 vs. 17%). Among all the study participants, the PSG confirmed 83.7% of the patients had an apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI) more than 5/h, mild (AHI 5–15/h) in 28.4%, moderate (AHI 15–30/h) in 22.3%, and severe (AHI &gt; 30/h) in 33.0%. Among the ATSI patients, 46% had severe OSA. The median total AHI value was higher in the ATSI population (25, interquartile range [IQR]: 11–58) compared to the non-ATSI (17, IQR: 7–36), and in rural/remote population (19, IQR: 8–42) compared to urban (17, IQR: 7–37). This trend was similar for NREM (non-rapid eye movement)-AHI and REM (rapid eye movement)-AHI scores, although statistically significant difference was found only with ATSI status. In the combined cohort the probability of (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.32–2.00, p &lt; 0.001) of severe OSA was 62% higher in individual with hypertension, however, when stratified by ATSI status, the association was only significant in the non-ATSI population (OR = 1.53 95% CI: 1.21–1.94, p &lt; 0.001). The odds of severe AHI was also significantly associated with heart disease (1.37; 95% CI: 1.14,1.63, p &lt; 0.001), diabetes (1.74; 95% CI: 1.43,2.10; p &lt; 0.001) and smoking (1.28; 95% CI: 1.09,1.50, p = 0.0023) in the overall study cohort. In both ATSI and non-ATSI patients, body mass index, neck circumference, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and respiratory arousal index were significantly higher and independently associated with severe AHI.
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies of Teaching Methods in Nursing Education, 1972–2017
Authors: O’Connell Kathleen A. , Kaur Tresa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Review of 145 experimental and quasi-experimental studies of teaching strategies in nursing education revealed that 52 percent were published outside the United States, 80 percent with undergraduate students. Seventy-seven percent assessed learning outcomes, and 80 percent had statistically significant findings. A surge in studies since 2010 showed no increase in methodological rigor. Two thirds had sample sizes less than 100, 77 percent were quasi-experimental, and 23 percent were one-group designs. Few authors published more than one experimental study of teaching methods. Findings underscore the need for more sophisticated methods and more funding for nursing education research.
Addressing a Need: A Clinical Lipidology Subspecialty Postgraduate Certificate
Authors: Elkins J. Casey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The LOGIC Model was used to develop a clinical lipidology subspecialty program that provides formal preparation for health care professionals focused in the clinical lipidology content area. Objectives were developed based on the National Lipid Association core curriculum; topics include atherosclerosis, lifestyle and pharmacological management of dyslipidemias, metabolic syndrome, vascular biology, advanced lipoprotein metabolism, and atherosclerosis imaging. Four courses provide students with expert knowledge to effectively manage complex dyslipidemia. Implementation of the program within formal academic units will increase the number of health care providers with specific clinical knowledge to care for patients/families with complex dyslipidemia and related cardiometabolic conditions.
Inappropriate Opioid Prescribing in Oregon's Coordinated Care Organizations
Authors: Abraham Amanda J. , Rieckmann Traci , Gu Yifan , Lind Bonnie K. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a pain diagnosis who fill potentially inappropriate opioid prescriptions within the Oregon Medicaid population.

Methods:
Using de-identified Oregon Medicaid claims data (2010–2014), a series of logistic regression models was estimated to identify factors associated with receipt of potential inappropriate opioid prescriptions among patients with acute or chronic pain. Analyses included a total of 204,364 records, representing 118,671 unique patients.

Results:
The percentage of patients with a pain diagnosis filling at least 1 inappropriate opioid prescription decreased over the study period, falling from 32.5% in 2010 to 22.3% in 2014. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that white and older enrollees were more likely to fill an inappropriate prescription over the study period. The odds of filling an inappropriate opioid prescription were also greater for patients with chronic health conditions, psychiatric disorders, and substance use disorder. Results were similar for patients diagnosed with either acute or chronic pain, chronic pain only, or acute pain only.

Conclusions:
Inappropriate opioid prescribing for patients with pain diagnoses decreased over the study period, which stands in stark contrast to other state Medicaid programs. However, in 2014, almost 23% of patients in the Oregon Medicaid program filled at least 1 inappropriate opioid prescription, suggesting additional strategies are needed to further reduce potential inappropriate prescribing. Medicaid programs may consider adopting enhanced prescription drug monitoring program features, enacting pain clinic legislation, and implementing additional prior authorization policies to reduce inappropriate prescribing of opioids.
Prevalence and Variation of Clinically Recognized Inpatient Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Steel Tessa L. , Malte Carol A. , Bradley Katharine A. , Lokhandwala Sharukh , Hough Catherine L. , Hawkins Eric J. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
No prior study has evaluated the prevalence or variability of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in general hospitals in the United States.

Methods:
This retrospective study used secondary data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to estimate the documented prevalence of clinically recognized AWS among patients engaged in VHA care who were hospitalized during fiscal year 2013. We describe variation in documented inpatient AWS by geographic region, hospital, admitting specialty, and inpatient diagnoses using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis and/or procedure codes recorded at hospital admission, transfer, or discharge.

Results:
Among 469,082 eligible hospitalizations, the national prevalence of documented inpatient AWS was 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2%–6.4%), but there was marked variation by geographic region (4.3%–11.2%), hospital (1.4%–16.1%), admitting specialty (0.7%–19.0%), and comorbid diagnoses (1.3%–38.3%). AWS affected a high proportion of psychiatric admissions (19.0%, 95% CI 17.5%–20.4%) versus Medical (4.4%, 95% CI 4.0%–4.8%) or surgical (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6%–0.8%); though by volume, medical admissions represented the majority of hospitalizations complicated by AWS (n = 13,478 medical versus n = 12,305 psychiatric and n = 595 surgical). Clinically recognized AWS was also common during hospitalizations involving other alcohol-related disorders (38.3%, 95% CI 35.8%–40.8%), other substance use conditions (19.3%, 95% CI 17.7%–20.9%), attempted suicide (15.3%, 95% CI 13.0%–17.6%), and liver injury (13.9%, 95% CI 12.6%–15.1%).

Conclusions:
AWS was commonly recognized and documented during VHA hospitalizations in 2013, but varied considerably across inpatient settings. This clinical variation may, in part, reflect differences in quality of care and warrants further, more rigorous investigation.
Liposomial Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Fragility Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
Authors: Basmajian Hrayr G. , Liu Joseph N. , Farmer Travis D. , Agarwalla Avinesh , Lu Joana , Amin Nirav H. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:To determine whether intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine reduces postoperative opioid requirements, pain scores, and length of stay (LOS) in patients with fragility intertrochanteric femur fractures in comparison with a group of patients who did not receive liposomal bupivacaine.Design:Retrospective observational study.Setting:Two academic medical centers.Patients:One hundred two patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture treated with a cephalomedullary nail implant.Intervention:Nonrandomized administration of liposomal bupivacaine in 2 cohorts of patients with similar injuries and treatment.Main Outcome Measurements:Postoperative oral average morphine equivalents (MME) and average numerical pain rating score (NRS). Secondary endpoints included postoperative LOS, operative time, and home discharge.Results:Forty-six patients received intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine and 56 patients did not. There was no significant difference between age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologist level between groups (P> 0.05). The liposomal bupivacaine group received significantly less MME (0.34 vs. 0.92 mg/h/kg,P= 0.04) and had significantly lower NRS (2.89 vs. 5.13,P= 0.04) in the first 24 hours after surgery. MME (1.18 vs. 1.37 mg/h/kg,P= 0.27) and NRS (3.61 vs. 5.51,P= 0.34) were similar at the 36-hour mark. The liposomal bupivacaine group had similar LOS (3.2 days vs. 3.8,P= 0.08), more home discharges (7 vs. 2,P= 0.001), and longer operative time (73.4 vs. 67.2 minutes,P= 0.004).Conclusions:Intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine use reduced opioid use and postoperative pain for the first 24 hours after fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures. Significant increases in likelihood of discharge to home may present an opportunity for cost savings.Level of Evidence:Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Incidence of Spine Fracture Hospitalization and Surgery in Finland in 1998–2017
Authors: Ponkilainen Ville T. , Toivonen Leevi , Niemi Seppo , Kannus Pekka , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and trends of the spine fracture hospitalization and surgery in Finland in 1998–2017.

Summary of Background Data.
Traumatic spine fractures are rare, yet they are known to cause significant long-term disability and therefore social, functional, and financial burden. The incidence of spine fractures and related mortality has been suggested to have declined during recent years. However, there are no population-based studies investigating the incidence of surgical treatment of spine fractures.

Methods.
The data for this study was obtained from the Finnish nationwide National Hospital Discharge Register. The study population covered all patients 20 years of age or over in Finland during a 20-year period from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2017.

Results.
A total of 54,612 patients were hospitalized for a spine fracture in Finland in 1998–2017, and 7138 (13%) of the patients underwent surgery. The annual population-based incidence of spine fracture hospitalization increased 57% during the 20-year period, from 57 per 100,000 person-years to 89 per 100,000 person-years. In addition, the incidence of spine fracture surgery increased 65%, from 5.3 per 100,000 person-years to 8.8 per 100,000 person-years. The incidence of cervical spine fracture surgery tripled, and thoracic spine surgery doubled from 1998 to 2017, while incidence of lumbar fracture surgery declined by 13%. Among patients 60 years of age or older, the incidence of cervical spine fracture surgery increased 400%.

Conclusion.
Incidences of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar fracture hospitalizations increased constantly in Finland during 1998–2017. Accordingly, incidence of cervical and thoracic spine fracture surgery increased rapidly, whereas the incidence of lumbar fracture surgery even decreased, during this 20-year period.

Level of Evidence: 3
Soft Tissue Filler Properties Can Be Altered by a Small-Diameter Needle
Authors: Lee Won , Oh Wook , Moon Hyoung-Jin , Koh Ik-Soo , Yang Eun-Jung 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
Small-bore needles reduce the complications associated with soft tissue filler injection. Gel particles must be sized appropriately to pass through fine-bore needles with an acceptable extrusion force. However, most soft tissue filler particles are larger than the inner diameter of the needle. The authors hypothesized that the physical properties of these particles change as the gel passes through the needle.

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to investigate whether the predesigned physical and rheological properties of the filler change after passage through the small-bore needle.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Particle sizes of 4 hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers were analyzed using a particle size analyzer. Five soft tissue fillers with different particle sizes were subjected to rheological characterization. All tests were performed using fillers with and without a 30-G needle.

RESULTS
Monophasic HA fillers with smaller particle sizes exhibited small changes between particle sizes but no differences in rheological properties. Biphasic HA fillers with larger particle sizes exhibited remarkable changes in particle size and rheological properties. Calcium fillers exhibited changes in rheological properties.

CONCLUSION
Injection through small-bore needles can alter the physical properties and rheological equilibrium of soft tissue fillers. The authors suggest avoiding small-bore needles as they may affect the rheological equilibrium and clinical performance of fillers.
Postmarket Experience of Polymethylmethacrylate–Collagen Gel Dermal Filler
Authors: Lehman Alayne , Pilcher Brian , Roberts Wendy E. , Schlesinger Todd E. , Vachon Ginny 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
This report synthesizes 12 years of postmarket surveillance data (PMSD) for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)–collagen gel dermal filler.

OBJECTIVE
To present PMMA–collagen gel PMSD findings on real-world safety.

METHODS
Postmarket surveillance data were collected from January 2007 to December 2018 and evaluated to determine the overall adverse event (AE) complaint rate, the nature of reported AEs, and whether the complaint included on-label, off-label, both, or unknown areas.

RESULTS
In the 12 years examined, 754,229 PMMA–collagen gel syringes were distributed worldwide, and 839 product-related complaints (including those classified as unknown) resulted in an overall complaint rate of 0.11%. The 3 most frequent primary complaints in AE reports were lump/bump (309/839, 37%), nodule (152/839, 18%), and swelling (138/839, 16%). Histologically confirmed granuloma accounted for 17/839 complaints (2.0%; overall complaint rate of 0.002%), and histologically unconfirmed granuloma accounted for 66/839 complaints (8%; overall rate of 0.009%). There were 666 complaints representing AEs related to off-label injection in which the periocular area was most frequently represented.

CONCLUSION
Although a limiting factor across all PMSD is voluntary reporting and resultant underrepresentation of AEs, the PMSD reported here are consistent with safety findings from US clinical studies in more than 1,500 patients with up to 5 years of follow-up.