bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the 2016 ACR‐EULAR and the 2002 AECG classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: Findings from the NIH cohort
Authors: Billings M , Amin Hadavand M , Alevizos I 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe introduction of new classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome, known as the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism Classification Criteria (ACR‐EULAR), created a need for the evaluation of its performance in an external cohort. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the 2016 ACR‐EULAR classification set with the widely used American‐European Consensus Group Classification criteria (AECG) in the cohort at the National Institutes of Health, USA, and to compare the performance of the sets in classifying both primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS and sSS).MethodsThe study cohort at the NIH (N = 1,303) was enrolled for clinical suspicion of SS. Participants were classified as SS, pSS, and sSS according to both classification sets. Performance of 2016 ACR‐EULAR and AECG sets was compared holding each as gold standard to the other. Statistical analysis of test diagnostics and agreement between the two sets were undertaken.ResultsBy the AECG set, 701 were classified as having SS (627 pSS, 74 sSS) and 714 were classified with SS (647 pSS, 67 sSS) by the 2016 ACR‐EULAR set. Sensitivity and specificity of the two sets were comparable in classifying SS, pSS, and sSS. There was high agreement between the two sets for classifying SS (κ = 0.79), pSS (κ = 0.81), and sSS (κ = 0.87). The specificity of the 2016 ACR‐EULAR set was significantly higher for classifying sSS than pSS, while the sensitivity was similar for the two disease groups. However, this pattern was also exhibited by the AECG set.ConclusionThere was high agreement between the two classification sets with comparable performance diagnostics. There was no evidence of superior performance value by the new 2016 ACR‐EULAR set over the AECG set, and the two sets were found to be equivalent. Findings from our cohort indicate that 2016 ACR‐EULAR classification could be extended to classification of sSS.
Mobile oral heath technologies based on saliva
Authors: Meagher RJ , Kousvelari E 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this review we have highlighted a few innovative microfluidic analytical technologies with mobile phone image processing tools for various bio‐chemical tests performed using salivary biomarkers. Saliva‐based assays for mobile monitoring with a smartphone sensor provide an excellent analytical technique which can be simple to perform. We describe several examples from the literature, utilizing different modalities of analysis, applied to several different applications of mobile health monitoring: cortisol monitoring, infectious disease testing, and drugs of abuse.
Oral stomatitis and mTOR inhibitors: A review of current evidence in 20,915 patients
Authors: Lo Muzio L , Arena C , Troiano G , Villa A 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTraditional treatment of malignancies with chemotherapeutic agents is often affected by the damage inflicted on non‐cancerous cells. Toxicities of the oral cavity, such as mucositis and stomatitis, are some of the most significant and unavoidable toxicities associated with anti‐cancer therapies. For such reason, in the last decades, newer targeted agents have been developed aiming to decrease the rates of side effects on healthy cells. Unfortunately, targeted anti‐cancer therapies also showed significant rate of toxicity on healthy tissues. mTOR inhibitors showed some adverse events, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypophosphatemia, hematologic toxicities, and mucocutaneous eruption, but the most important are still stomatitis and skin rash, often reported as dose‐limiting side effects.Patients and MethodsA search of the literature was performed by authors on the PubMed online database using the following key words: “sirolimus” OR “everolimus” OR “temsirolimus” OR “deforolimus” OR “ridaforolimus” combined with the Boolean operator AND with the terms: “stomatitis” OR “mucositis” OR “oral pain.” Titles and abstracts of 382 potentially relevant studies were screened; of these, 114 studies were excluded because they did not report the inclusion criteria. In the second round, 268 studies were read full‐text, but only 135 reported the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction. Of the included studies, 95 referred to everolimus use, 16 to ridaforolimus, and 26 to temsirolimus (two studies referred to both everolimus and temsirolimus).ResultsThe incidence rate of stomatitis according to the agent used was 25.07% (3,959/15,787) for everolimus, 27.02% (724/2,679) for temsirolimus, and 54.76% (598/1,092) for ridaforolimus. All the three agents analyzed showed high rates of low‐grade stomatitis (G1–G2), while the onset of severe stomatitis (G3–G4) was rare.ConclusionsAnalysis of the reports with patients treated with everolimus, temsirolimus, and ridaforolimus showed a clear prevalence of stomatitis grade 1 or 2. These data differ from that of patients treated with conventional chemotherapy in which mucositis is predominantly of grade 3 or 4.
Clastic cells are absent around the root surface in pulp‐exposed periapical periodontitis lesions in mice
Authors: Shah A , Lee D , Song M , Kim S , Kang MK , Kim RH 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionClastic cells, originating from the monocyte–macrophage lineage, resorb mineralized tissues. In periapical periodontitis, alveolar bone around the tooth apex becomes resorbed; however, the roots of the teeth are often left intact by yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we examined the status of clastic cells in a periapical periodontitis model in mice.MethodsPeriapical periodontitis was induced by performing pulp exposure on the maxillary first molar. The contralateral maxillary first molar was used as a control. The maxillae were harvested, fixed, and subjected to μCT scanning and three‐dimensional volumetric analysis. TRAP staining was performed, and osteoclasts were quantified. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for RANKL, OPG, and F4/80, a marker for macrophages.ResultsAt the apex of the tooth, pulp exposure resulted in periapical radiolucency with mineralized tissues at the surrounding bone surfaces but not on the root surfaces. Histologically, clastic cells were present on the bone surfaces but absent around the root surfaces. Expression of F4/80 and RANKL was not found at close proximity to the root surfaces, but OPG was globally expressed.ConclusionThe absence of clastic cells around the root surface of pulp‐exposed teeth, in part, is associated with the lack of macrophages and RANKL expression.
Ellagic acid inhibits HIV‐1 infection in vitro: Potential role as a novel microbicide
Authors: Promsong A , Chuenchitra T , Saipin K , Tewtrakul S , Panichayupakaranant P , Satthakarn S , Nittayananta W 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the in vitro effects of ellagic acid on HIV‐1 replication.MethodsAnti‐HIV‐1 activity of ellagic acid was determined in vitro using X4‐tropic HIV‐1NPO3 and R5‐tropic pBaL Env‐recombinant virus. Anti‐HIV‐1NPO3 activity of ellagic acid was investigated at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. Anti‐HIV‐1 integrase and protease activities of ellagic acid were tested using in vitro integration and proteolytic cleavage assays.ResultsEllagic acid, added either before or after HIV‐1NPO3 exposure, suppressed replication of the virus in C8166 cells up to 34%. Ellagic acid showed an anti‐integrase IC50 of 8.7 μM. No cytotoxicity of ellagic acid at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 μM was observed.ConclusionWe conclude that ellagic acid can inhibit HIV‐1 infection without cytotoxicity. Thus, it may be a new effective agent that has potential to be developed as a novel microbicide against HIV‐1.
Sildenafil citrate on experimental periodontitis in rats: Microtomographic and histological analyses
Authors: Soares DM , Ramos‐Perez FMM , Araújo SS , Correia Leite de Marcelos PG , Pontual AA , Perez DEC 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of sildenafil citrate on the prevention and progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (preventive) and Group 2 (progression). In Group 1, the animals received daily doses of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or vehicle for 30 days, and EP was induced on the 15th day. In Group 2, the EP was induced on the first day, and the animals received daily doses of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or vehicle from the 15th day. For EP, ligatures were placed around the right first mandibular molars. Microtomographic, histomorphometric and histological analyses were carried out to evaluate the alveolar bone loss and inflammatory degree. For statistical analyses, t test and the Mann–Whitney test were used, considering a level of significance of 95%.ResultsIn Group 2, the animals treated with sildenafil showed a significantly lower bone resorption (p = .05). Similarly, the subgroup treated with sildenafil displayed a significantly lesser degree of inflammation (p = .01). No significant differences were observed between the subgroups of the Group 1.ConclusionsSildenafil decreased the inflammatory process, as well as the alveolar bone loss when used to modulate the progression of experimental periodontitis.
Unique Intradural Inflammatory Mass Containing Precipitated Morphine: Confirmatory Analysis by LESA‐MS and MALDI‐MS
Authors: Kim Alexander J. , Basu Sankha , Glass Carolyn , Ross Edgar L. , Agar Nathalie , He Qing , Calligaris David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOpioids are often used for analgesia via continuous intrathecal delivery by implantable devices. A higher concentration and daily dose of opioid have been postulated as risk factors for intrathecal granuloma formation. We present a 42‐year‐old female patient with chronic abdominal pain from refractory pancreatitis, with an intrathecal drug delivery device implanted 21 years prior, delivering continuous intrathecal morphine. After many years without concerning physical signs or complaints, with gradual increases in daily morphine dose, she presented with rapidly progressive neurologic deficits, including lower extremity, bladder, and bowel symptoms. These symptoms were determined to be secondary to mass effect and local inflammation related to an intrathecal catheter tip granuloma, detected on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. The mass was urgently resected. On histopathologic examination, this granuloma was found to be unique, in that in addition to the expected inflammatory components, it appeared to contain precipitated nonpolarizable crystals. These were identified as precipitated morphine using liquid extraction surface analysis–tandem mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS/MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐FTICR‐MSI). In addition to the unique finding of precipitated morphine crystals, the long‐term follow‐up of both morphine concentration and daily dose increases provides insight into the formation of intrathecal granulomas.
Ultrasound‐Guided Intercostal Nerve Block Following Esophagectomy for Acute Postoperative Pain Relief in the Postanesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Zhu Mengqi , Gu Yuechao , Sun Xia , Liu Xi , Chen Wankun , Miao Changhong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of ultrasound‐guided intercostal nerve block (ICNB) for immediate relief of moderate and severe pain following esophagectomy in a postanesthesia care unit (PACU).MethodsEighty‐one patients who complained of moderate to severe pain on arrival to the PACU after an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy were randomly assigned to 2 groups: a sufentanil treatment group (Group A, n = 41) and an intercostal nerve block treatment group (Group B, n = 40). The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and on cough at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment were monitored. The heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) 2 hours after treatment and the patients’ length of stay in the PACU after treatment were recorded. Patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia consumption and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and other adverse reactions were also recorded.ResultsUltrasound‐guided ICNB was performed successfully in all patients in Group B without puncture‐related complications. The VAS pain scores at rest and on cough at 1, 2, and 4 hours after treatment in Group B were significantly lower than those in Group A (P < 0.05). The consumption of sufentanil and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in Group B compared with those in Group A.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided ICNB could provide effective and safe pain relief for patients who suffer from moderate to severe pain (VAS score ≥ 5) after esophagectomy in the PACU.
Synthetic biology approach for plant protection using dsRNA
Authors: Niehl Annette , Soininen Marjukka , Poranen Minna M. , Heinlein Manfred 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPathogens induce severe damages on cultivated plants and represent a serious threat to global food security. Emerging strategies for crop protection involve the external treatment of plants with double‐stranded (ds)RNA to trigger RNA interference. However, applying this technology in greenhouses and fields depends on dsRNA quality, stability and efficient large‐scale production. Using components of the bacteriophage phi6, we engineered a stable and accurate in vivo dsRNA production system in Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. Unlike other in vitro or in vivo dsRNA production systems that rely on DNA transcription and postsynthetic alignment of single‐stranded RNA molecules, the phi6 system is based on the replication of dsRNA by an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, thus allowing production of high‐quality, long dsRNA molecules. The phi6 replication complex was reprogrammed to multiply dsRNA sequences homologous to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) by replacing the coding regions within two of the three phi6 genome segments with TMV sequences and introduction of these constructs into P. syringae together with the third phi6 segment, which encodes the components of the phi6 replication complex. The stable production of TMV dsRNA was achieved by combining all the three phi6 genome segments and by maintaining the natural dsRNA sizes and sequence elements required for efficient replication and packaging of the segments. The produced TMV‐derived dsRNAs inhibited TMV propagation when applied to infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The established dsRNA production system enables the broad application of dsRNA molecules as an efficient, highly flexible, nontransgenic and environmentally friendly approach for protecting crops against viruses and other pathogens.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for leaf‐related traits in an IBM Syn10 DH maize population across three environments
Authors: Ma Langlang , Guan Zhongrong , Zhang Zhiteng , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Zhang Yanling , Zou Chaoying , Peng Huanwei , Pan Guangtang , Lee Michael , Shen Yaou , Lübberstedt Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLeaf‐related traits (leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf angle) are very important for the yield of maize (Zea mays L) due to their influence on plant type. Therefore, it is necessary to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf‐related traits. In this report, 221 doubled haploid lines (DHLs) of an IBM Syn10 DH population were provided for QTL mapping. In total, 54 QTLs were detected for leaf‐related traits in single environments using a high‐density genetic linkage map. Among them, only eight common QTLs were identified across two or three environments, and the common QTLs for the four traits explained 4.38%–19.99% of the phenotypic variation. qLL‐2‐1 (bin 2.09), qLW‐2‐2 (bin 2.09), qLW‐6‐3 (bin 6.07) and qLA‐5‐2 (bin 2.09) were detected in previous studies, and qLL‐1‐1, qLAr‐1‐1, qLAr‐2‐1 and qLA‐7‐1 may be new QTLs. Notably, qLW‐6‐3 and qLA‐5‐2 were found to be major QTLs explaining 19.99% and 10.96% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Interestingly, we found three pairs of QTLs (qLW‐2‐2 and qLAr‐2‐1, qLW‐8‐1 and qLL‐8‐2, qLL‐3‐3 and qLAr‐3‐3) that control different traits and that were located on the same chromosome or in a nearby location. Moreover, nine pairs of loci with epistatic effects were identified for the four traits. These results may provide the foundation for QTL fine mapping and for an understanding of the genetic basis of variation in leaf‐related traits.
A three‐component system incorporating Ppd‐D1, copy number variation at Ppd‐B1, and numerous small‐effect quantitative trait loci facilitates adaptation of heading time in winter wheat cultivars of worldwide origin
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Langer Simon M. , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Tucker Matthew R. , Leiser Willmar L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe broad adaptability of heading time has contributed to the global success of wheat in a diverse array of climatic conditions. Here, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying heading time in a large panel of 1,110 winter wheat cultivars of worldwide origin. Genome‐wide association mapping, in combination with the analysis of major phenology loci, revealed a three‐component system that facilitates the adaptation of heading time in winter wheat. The photoperiod sensitivity locus Ppd‐D1 was found to account for almost half of the genotypic variance in this panel and can advance or delay heading by many days. In addition, copy number variation at Ppd‐B1 was the second most important source of variation in heading, explaining 8.3% of the genotypic variance. Results from association mapping and genomic prediction indicated that the remaining variation is attributed to numerous small‐effect quantitative trait loci that facilitate fine‐tuning of heading to the local climatic conditions. Collectively, our results underpin the importance of the two Ppd‐1 loci for the adaptation of heading time in winter wheat and illustrate how the three components have been exploited for wheat breeding globally.
Nipple adenoma in a 2‐year‐old boy
Authors: Fujisawa Kou , Kato Motoi , Kono Tatsuki , Utsunomiya Hiroki , Watanabe Azusa , Watanabe Shoji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNipple adenoma is an uncommon proliferative process of the breast and predominantly occurs in women aged 40‐50. Its incidence is extremely low in men, and it has not been reported in a boy. Although nipple adenoma is rare and benign, being familiar with it is important because it clinically resembles Paget disease and histologically adenocarcinoma. We report a case of nipple adenoma in a boy.
Reflections on artisan metaphors in theLaozi: Who cuts the “uncarved wood” (pu樸)? (Part 2)
Authors: Fech Andrej 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, I argue that theLaozioffers a variety of cosmogenic accounts, including the one expressed by means of the artisan metaphors of “uncarved wood,” “vessels,” and “cutting.” These metaphors and the images related to them often appeared in the given context in ancient Chinese literature depicting the physical emergence of the world as a process of progressive differentiation out of the original state of “chaos.” Thus, this account ultimately served as a cosmic justification for the establishment of distinctions and hierarchy within human society. However, as used in theLaozi, the artisan metaphors promulgate a type of social hierarchy that is characteristically informed by the values ofziranandwuwei.My argumentation goes against the common tendency of Western scholars to regard the notions of craft appearing in theLaozias relating exclusively to human activities, connoting “artifice,” that is, as detrimental to the “natural” run of the Way. By referring to the most prominent traditional commentaries of the work, I argue that this view was supported only marginally, if at all, in early China and that its emergence appears to be a reaction to and a rejection of the initial Western interpretation of the same terms, one that was heavily influenced by the Christian worldview.
Reflections on artisan metaphors in theLaozi老子: Who cuts the “uncarved wood” (pu樸)? (Part 1)
Authors: Fech Andrej 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, I argue that theLaozi老子 offers a variety of cosmogenic accounts, including the one expressed by means of the artisan metaphors of “uncarved wood” (pu樸), “vessels” (qi器), and “cutting” (zhi制). These metaphors and the images related to them often appeared in the given context in ancient Chinese literature depicting the physical emergence of the world as a process of progressive differentiation out of the original state of “chaos.” Thus, this account ultimately served as a cosmic justification for the establishment of distinctions and hierarchy within human society. However, as used in theLaozi, the artisan metaphors promulgate a type of social hierarchy that is characteristically informed by the values ofziran自然 andwuwei無為. My argumentation goes against the common tendency of Western scholars to regard the notions of craft appearing in theLaozias relating exclusively to human activities, connoting “artifice,” that is, as detrimental to the “natural” run of the Way. By referring to the most prominent traditional commentaries of the work, I argue that this view was supported only marginally, if at all, in early China and that its emergence appears to be a reaction to and a rejection of the initial Western interpretation of the same terms, one that was heavily influenced by the Christian worldview.
Germination profiling of lentil genotypes subjected to salinity stress
Authors: Foti C. , Khah E. M. , Pavli O. I. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses, negatively affecting productivity of salt‐sensitive crop species. Given that germination is the most critical phase in the plant life cycle, the present study aimed to determine seed germination potential and associated traits under salt stress conditions as a simple approach to identify salt‐tolerant lentil genotypes.

The genetic material consisted of six lentil genotypes whose adaptation to various agroclimatic conditions is not well elucidated. Salinity stress was applied by addition of NaCl at three different levels of stress, while non‐stressed plants were included as controls. Evaluation of tolerance was performed on the basis of germination percentage, seed water absorbance, root and shoot length, seedling water content, seedling vigour index and number of seedlings with an abnormal phenotype.

Overall, our findings revealed that salinity stress substantially affects all traits associated with germination and early seedling growth, with the effect of salinity being dependent on the level of stress applied. It is noteworthy, however, that genotypes responded differently to the varying salinity levels. In this context, Samos proved the most salt‐tolerant genotype, indicating its possible use for cultivation under stress conditions.

In conclusion, the determination of seed germination and early growth potential may be exploited as an efficient strategy to reveal genetic variation in lentil germplasm of unknown tolerance to salinity stress. This approach allows selection of desirable genotypes at early growth stages, thus enabling more efficient application of various breeding methods to achieve stress‐tolerant lentil genotypes.