bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Preferences and Engagement Level of Generation Z Nursing Students
Authors: Hampton Debra , Welsh Darlene , Wiggins Amanda T. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Minimal information exists about the educational environment that will foster learning and engage Generation Z students.

Purpose
The purposes of this study were to identify the teaching methods that Generation Z nursing students preferred and felt were the most engaging and effective for learning and to determine their engagement level in the classroom setting.

Methods
This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design.

Results
Lecture with audience response clickers was the most preferred/most engaging and effective method for helping Generation Z nursing students learn, whereas assigned reading was the least preferred method. Students preferred a traditional classroom model instead of a flipped classroom. Acquiring skills was the dimension of engagement rated the highest by this group of students.

Conclusions
Innovative lectures that incorporate applicable visual images and audience involvement combined with simulation, videos, and case studies may encompass a teaching formula that will engage and foster learning for Generation Z students.
The Effects of Functional Progressive Strength and Power Training in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kaya Kara Ozgun , Livanelioglu Ayse , Yardımcı Bilge Nur , Soylu Abdullah Ruhi 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel functional strength and power-training program on gait and gross motor function in participants with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Methods:
This 12-week trial of functional strength and power training included 30 participants with cerebral palsy, randomly assigned to the experimental or comparison group. The primary outcomes, 1-minute walk test, muscle power, and the Gross Motor Function Measure, were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included dynamic balance as measured by Timed Up and Go, muscle strength, and 1-repetition maximum measures.

Results:
Significantly greater improvements were seen in the experimental group for muscle power, Gross Motor Function Measure E score, and 1-minute walk test (P < .05), as well as for dynamic balance, 1-repetition maximum, and muscle strength.

Conclusion:
Functional strength training combined with plyometric exercises improved gait and gross motor function, dynamic balance, muscle strength, and power.

Video Abstract:
For more insights from the authors, access Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A254
Treatment Adherence Among Persons Receiving Concurrent Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Stephens Fay , Gandhi Neel R. , Brust James C.M. , Mlisana Koleka , Moodley Pravi , Allana Salim , Campbell Angie , Shah Sarita 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Success in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and HIV treatment requires high medication adherence despite high pill burdens, frequent adverse events, and long treatment duration, which may jeopardize adherence. We prospectively compared MDR-TB/HIV-coinfected persons to those with MDR-TB alone to determine the impact of concurrent treatment on adherence and outcomes.

Methods:
We assessed medication adherence monthly using 3-day recall, 30-day recall, and visual analog scale and examined adherence to monthly study visits (months 0–12). We determined the proportion of participants fully adherent (no reported missed doses) to MDR-TB vs. HIV treatment by each measure. We assessed the association of medication and clinic visit adherence with MDR-TB treatment success (cure or completion, 18–24 months) and HIV virologic suppression.

Results:
Among 200 patients with MDR-TB, 63% were women, median age was 33 years, 144 (72%) were HIV-infected, and 81% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at baseline. Adherence to medications (81%–98% fully adherent across all measures) and clinic visits (80% missed ≤1 visit) was high, irrespective of HIV status. Adherence to ART was significantly higher than to MDR-TB treatment by all self-reported measures (3-day recall: 92% vs. 84%, respectively; P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted risk ratio of unsuccessful MDR-TB treatment increased with every missed visit: 1.50, 2.25, and 3.37 for unsuccessful treatment, for 1, 2, and ≥3 missed visits.

Conclusions:
Adherence to ART was higher than to MDR-TB treatment among persons with MDR-TB/HIV coinfection. Missed clinic visits may be a simple measure for identifying patients at risk of unsuccessful MDR-TB treatment outcome.
Project Shikamana: Community Empowerment-Based Combination HIV Prevention Significantly Impacts HIV Incidence and Care Continuum Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania
Authors: Kerrigan Deanna , Mbwambo Jessie , Likindikoki Samuel , Davis Wendy , Mantsios Andrea , Beckham S.Wilson , Leddy Anna , Shembilu Catherine , Mwampashi Ard , Aboud Said , Galai Noya 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To determine the impact of a community empowerment model of combination HIV prevention (Project Shikamana) among female sex workers (FSW) in Iringa, Tanzania.

Methods:
We conducted a 2-community randomized trial. Intervention elements included the following: (1) Community‐led drop‐in center and mobilization activities; (2) venue-based peer education, condom distribution, and HIV testing; (3) peer service navigation; (4) provider sensitivity trainings; and (5) SMS reminders. We used time-location sampling to enroll 496 FSW and conducted a survey and blood draws to screen for HIV and assess viral load at 0 and 18 months. We conducted an intent-to-treat analysis using logistic and Poisson regression and inverse probability weighting for primary outcomes.

Results:
The analysis included 171 HIV-positive and 216 HIV-negative FSW who completed baseline and 18-month study visits. Participants in the intervention were significantly less likely to become infected with HIV at 18-month follow-up (RR 0.38; P = 0.047), with an HIV incidence of 5.0% in the intervention vs. 10.4% control. Decreases in inconsistent condom use over time were significantly greater in the intervention (72.0%–43.6%) vs. control (68.8%–54.0%; RR 0.81, P = 0.042). At follow-up, we observed significant differences in behavioral HIV care continuum outcomes, and positive, but nonsignificant, increases in viral suppression (40.0%–50.6%) in the intervention vs. control (35.9%–47.4%). There was a strong association of between higher intervention exposure and HIV outcomes including viral suppression.

Conclusions:
Project Shikamana is the first trial of community empowerment-based combination prevention among FSW in Africa to show a significant reduction in HIV incidence warranting its broader implementation and evaluation.
Can Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rectal Cancer Specimens Improve the Mesorectal Lymph Node Yield for Pathological Examination?
Authors: Stijns Rutger , Philips Bart , Wauters Carla , de Wilt Johannes , Nagtegaal Iris , Scheenen Tom 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to use 7 T ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to determine the size of lymph nodes (LNs) in total mesorectal excision (TME) specimens and to increase the pathological yield of LNs with MR-guided pathology.Materials and MethodsTwenty-two fixated TME specimens containing adenocarcinoma were scanned on a 7 T preclinical MRI system with a T1-weighted 3-dimensional gradient echo sequence with frequency-selective lipid excitation (repetition time/echo time, 15/3 milliseconds; resolution, 0.293 mm3) and a water-excited 3-dimensional multigradient echo (repetition time, 30 milliseconds; computed echo time, 6.2 milliseconds; resolution, 0.293 mm3) pulse sequence.The first series of 11 TME specimens (S1) revealed the number and size of LNs on both ex vivo MRI and histopathology. The second series of 11 TME specimens (S2) was used to perform MR-guided pathology. The number, size, and percentages of yielded LNs of S1 and S2 were compared.ResultsIn all specimens (22/22), a median number of 34 LNs (interquartile range, 26–34) was revealed on ex vivo MRI compared with 14 LNs (interquartile range, 7.5–21.5) on histopathology (P= 0.003). Mean size of all LNs did not differ between the 2 series (ex vivo MRI: 2.4 vs 2.5 mm,P= 0.267; pathology: 3.6 vs 3.5 mm,P= 0.653). The median percentages of harvested LNs compared with nodes visible on ex vivo MRI per specimen for both series were not significantly different (40% vs 43%,P= 0.718). By using a size threshold of greater than 2 mm, the percentage improved to 71% (S1) and to 78% (S2,P= 0.895). The median number of harvested LNs per specimen did not increase by performing MR-guided pathology (S1, 14 LNs; S2, 20 LNs;P= 0.532).ConclusionsEx vivo MRI visualizes more LNs than (MR-guided) pathology is able to harvest. Current pathological examination was not further improved by MR guidance. The majority of LNs or LN-like structures visible on ex vivo MRI below 2 mm in size remain unexplained, which warrants a 3-dimensional approach for pathological reconstruction of specimens.
Mechanistic and compositional studies of the autophagy-inducing areca nut ingredient
Authors: Chiu Chang-Ta , Liu Shyun-Yeu , Yen Ching-Yu , Tsai Meng-Ting , Chang Huei-Cih , Liu Young-Chau , Lin Mei-Huei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAreca nut (AN) is a popular chewing carcinogen worldwide causing a variety of diseases such as oral and esophageal carcinomas. We previously found that the partially purified 30-100 kDa fraction of AN extract (ANE 30-100K) induces autophagy in oral carcinoma OECM-1 cells and some other different types of cells. Since autophagy is known to play important roles in tumor establishment and development, the underlying mechanisms of ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy (AIA) is worthy of further investigation. In this study, we further demonstrated that the cytotoxic concentration of ANE 30-100K induces some typical autophagy hallmarks in esophageal carcinoma (CE81T/VGH) cells in an Atg5-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endocytosis inhibitor (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) and two caveolin shRNAs, as well as two proteasome inhibitors (lactacystin and epoxomicin), were shown to attenuate ANE 30-100K-induced cytotoxicity and LC3-II accumulation significantly in OECM-1 and CE81T/VGH cells. Finally, we also analyzed the carbohydrate compositions of ANE 30-100K by phenol-sulfuric acid method and high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulse amperic detector. The results showed that ANE 30-100K contains about 67% carbohydrate and is composed of fucose (5.938%), arabinose (24.631%), glucosamine (8.066%), galactose (26.820%), glucose (21.388%), and mannose (13.157%). Collectively, these results suggest that caveolin-mediated endocytosis and proteasome are required for AIA and the major components of ANE 30-100K are carbohydrates. This study may have provided new knowledges of the action mechanisms and compositions of ANE 30-100K.
Kin structure and roost fidelity in greater noctule bats
Authors: Santos João D. , Meyer Christoph F.J. , Ibáñez Carlos , Popa-Lisseanu Ana G. , Juste Javier 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRoost fidelity is an important aspect of mammalian biology. Studying the mechanisms underlying philopatry can help us understand a species’ energetic requirements, ecological constraints and social organisation. Temperate bat species notably exhibit a comparatively high degree of female philopatry, resulting in maternity colonies segregated at the mitochondrial level. We focus on the greater noctule,Nyctalus lasiopterus, to study this behaviour in more depth. We make use of microsatellite data for 11 markers across 84 individuals residing in Maria Luisa Park in Seville, Spain. At the time of sampling, this urban park boasted the highest number of registered bats of this species, among which three social groups were observed to segregate spatially. We studied the distribution of pairs of individuals across filial relationship categories and relatedness estimates relative to the social group of each individual. This analysis was complemented by information on roost-use frequency among a subset of genotyped bats. We found no significant relationship between roost use and genetic distance, but there was evidence of higher group-sharing with increased levels of relatedness. Mother-daughter pairs shared the same group more often than expected, as did pairs of individuals of relatedness above 0.36. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of the behavioural ecology of temperate bats and for conservation efforts aimed at preserving them.
Surpassing the physical Nyquist limit to produce super-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions
Authors: Feathers J. Ryan , Spoth Katherine A. , Fromme J. Christopher 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe resolution of cryo-EM reconstructions is fundamentally limited by the Nyquist frequency, which is half the sampling frequency of the detector and depends upon the magnification used. In principle, super-resolution imaging should enable reconstructions to surpass the physical Nyquist limit by increasing sampling frequency, yet there are no reports of reconstructions that do so. Here we report the use of super-resolution imaging with the K3 direct electron detector to produce super-resolution single-particle cryo-EM reconstructions significantly surpassing the physical Nyquist limit. We also present a comparative analysis of a sample imaged at four different magnifications. This analysis demonstrates that lower magnifications can be beneficial, despite the loss of higher resolution signal, due to the increased particle numbers imaged. To highlight the potential utility of lower magnification data collection, we produced a 3.5 Å reconstruction of jack bean urease with particles from a single micrograph.Abstract Figure
Tangential flow microfluidics for the capture and release of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles on conventional and ultrathin membranes
Authors: Dehghani Mehdi , Lucas Kilean , Flax Jonathan , McGrath James , Gaborski Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMembranes have been used extensively for the purification and separation of biological species. A persistent challenge is the purification of species from concentrated feed solutions such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluids. We investigated a new method to isolate micro- and nano-scale species termed tangential flow for analyte capture (TFAC), which is an extension of traditional tangential flow filtration (TFF). Initially, EV purification from plasma on ultrathin nanomembranes was compared between both normal flow filtration (NFF) and TFF. NFF resulted in rapid formation of a protein cake which completely obscured any captured EVs and also prevented further transport across the membrane. On the other hand, TFF showed capture of CD63 positive EVs with minimal contamination. We explored the use of TFF to capture target species over membrane pores, wash and then release in a physical process that does not rely upon affinity or chemical interactions. This process of TFAC was studied with model particles on both ultrathin nanomembranes and conventional thickness membranes (polycarbonate track-etch). Successful capture and release of model particles was observed using both membranes. Ultrathin nanomembranes showed higher efficiency of capture and release with significantly lower pressures indicating that ultrathin nanomembranes are well-suited for TFAC of delicate nanoscale particles such as EVs.
Identifying Novel Roles for Peptidergic Signaling in Mice
Authors: Powers Kathryn G. , Ma Xin-Ming , Eipper Betty A. , Mains Richard E. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDespite accumulating evidence demonstrating the essential roles played by neuropeptides, it has proven challenging to use this information to develop therapeutic strategies. Peptidergic signaling can involve juxtacrine, paracrine, endocrine and neuronal signaling, making it difficult to define physiologically important pathways. One of the final steps in the biosynthesis of many neuropeptides requires a single enzyme, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), and lack of amidation renders most of these peptides biologically inert. PAM, an ancient integral membrane enzyme that traverses the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways, also affects cytoskeletal organization and gene expression. While mice, zebrafish and flies lackingPam(PamKO/KO) are not viable, we reasoned that cell-type specific elimination ofPamexpression would generate mice that could be screened for physiologically important and tissue-specific deficits.PamcKO/cKOmice, with loxP sites flanking the 2 exons deleted in the globalPamKO/KOmouse, were indistinguishable from wildtype mice. EliminatingPamexpression in excitatory forebrain neurons reduced anxiety-like behavior, increased locomotor responsiveness to cocaine and improved thermoregulation in the cold. A number of amidated peptides play essential roles in each of these behaviors. Although atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is not amidated,Pamexpression in the atrium exceeds levels in any other tissue. EliminatingPamexpression in cardiomyocytes increased anxiety-like behavior and improved thermoregulation. Atrial and serum levels of ANP fell sharplyPamMyh6-cKO/cKOin mice and RNASeq analysis identified changes in gene expression in pathways related to cardiac function. Use of this screening platform should facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches targeted to peptidergic pathways.SIGNIFICANCEPeptidergic signaling, which plays key roles in the many pathways that control thermoregulation, salt and water balance, metabolism, anxiety, pain perception and sexual reproduction, is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Despite the fact that peptides generally signal through G protein coupled receptors, it has proven difficult to use knowledge about peptide synthesis, storage and secretion to develop effective therapeutics. Our goal was to develop anin vivobioassay system that would reveal physiologically meaningful deficits associated with disturbed peptidergic signaling. We did so by developing a system in which an enzyme essential for the production of many bioactive peptides could be eliminated in a tissue-specific manner.
Phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in ciliogenesis by Tau Tubulin kinase 2
Authors: Bernatik Ondrej , Pejskova Petra , Vyslouzil David , Hanakova Katerina , Zdrahal Zbynek , Cajanek Lukas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrimary cilia (PC) are organelles necessary for proper implementation of developmental and homeostasis processes. To initiate their assembly, coordinated actions of multiple proteins are needed. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a key player in the cilium assembly pathway, controlling final step of cilia initiation. The function of TTBK2 in ciliogenesisis is critically dependent on its kinase activity, however, precise mechanism of TTBK2 action is so far incompletely understood, due to very limited information about its relevant substrates. In this study we identify CEP83, CEP89, CCDC92, Rabin8 and DVL3 as substrates of TTBK2 kinase activity. Further, we characterise a set of phosphosites of the newly identified substrates and CEP164, induced by TTBK2in vitroandin vivo. Intriguingly, we further show that identified TTBK2 phosphosites and consensus sequence delineated from those are distinct from motifs previously assigned to TTBK2. Finally, we address functional relevance of selected phosphorylations of CEP164 and provide evidence that the examined TTBK2-induced phosphorylations of CEP164 are relevant for the process of cilia formation. In summary, our work provides important insight into substrates-TTBK2 kinase relationship and suggests that phosphorylation of substrates on multiple sites by TTBK2 is probably involved in the control of ciliogenesis in human cells.
Mapping Co-regulation Pathways among Ligand Binding sites in RyR1
Authors: Chirasani V. R , Popov K. I , Meissner G. , Dokholyan N. V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRyanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) is an intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channel required for skeletal muscle contraction. RyR1 is co-regulated by multiple activators – Ca2+, ATP and caffeine (CFF), yet the mechanism of co-regulation and the action synergy of these activators is unknown. Here, we report the detailed network of allosteric connections between the three ligand sites and the pore region in (i) Ca2+bound – closed, (ii) ATP/CFF bound – closed, (iii) Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound – closed and (iv) Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound – open RyR1 states. We find that two dominant paths mediate the communication between the Ca2+binding site and pore region in Ca2+-only state. ATP/CFF-only occupied – closed RyR1 has two additional paths with CFF-but not ATP-occupied path using part of the closed Ca2+-only pathway. In the presence of Ca2+, ATP and CFF, major differences between the open and closed states are identified with both using part of the paths of the closed Ca2+-only and ATP/CFF-only states. We find that the three activators Ca2+, ATP, and CFF propagate their effects to the pore region through a network of partially overlapping pathways. Such coordination of allosteric pathway underlies the molecular basis of synergy of channel regulation by multiple activators.Statement of SignificanceRyRs are a group of Ca2+channels that bind to several endogenous modulators and regulate Ca2+release through closed-to-open gating transition. Despite the high-resolution structural data available for RyR1, the allosteric mechanism of RyR1 gating remains elusive. In this study, we employed graph-theoretical approach to demonstrate the allosteric network of synergistic interaction among various activators in RyR1. To our knowledge, for the first time we were able to identify the co-regulation among ligand sites in RyR1 to regulate the closed-to-open gating transition. The explored allosteric coupling in RyR1 may assist in designing advanced therapeutics for several debilitating diseases. Our findings in this study will assist to design new strategies for controlled allosteric regulation of RyR1 functionality in future.
Tuberculosis treatment outcome: The case of women in Ethiopia and China, Ten-Years Retrospective Cohort study
Authors: Mirutse Gebremeskel , Fang Mingwang , kahsay Alemayehu Bayray , Ma Xiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvery year tuberculosis kills above half million women all over the world. Nonetheless, the difference in the size of deaths among countries was not compared. Hence, this study is aimed to compare the death size of two countries. Socio demographic and clinical data of women treated for all form of tuberculosis in the past ten years 2007-2016 were collected from total of eight hospitals and six treatment centers of Tigray and Zigong respectively. Then, collected data were entered into SPSS version 21 then we estimated the magnitude of TB, level of treatment success and assessed factors associated with the unsuccessful TB outcome. In the past ten years, a total of 5603(41.5%) and 4527 (24.5%) tuberculosis cases were observed in Tigray and Zigong respectively. Of those with treatment outcome record a total of 2602(92%) in Tigray and 3916(96.7%) in Zigong were successfully treated. Total of 170 (6%) cases in Tigray and 36(0.8%) cases in Zigong were dead. In Tigray cases like retreatment (aOR, 0.29; 95% CI: 0.16-0.53) and multi drug resistant (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.27) were less likely to show treatment success. But, HIV co-infected TB cases (aOR, 3.58; 95% CI: 2.47, 5.18) were more likely to show treatment success. In Zigong, women with MDR TB (Adjusted OR, 0.90; 95%CI: 0.24, 0.34) were less likely to show treatment success. On the other hand women in the age category of 15-49 (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.206) showed treatment success. Big number of tuberculosis cases and death were observed in Tigray comparing with Zigong. Hence, a relevant measure should be considered to improve treatment outcome of women in Tigray.