bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and current patterns of gene flow in the butterfly Pararge aegeria
Authors: Livraghi Luca , Vodă Raluca , Evans Luke Christopher , Gibbs Melanie , Dincă Vlad , Holland Peter W.H. , Shreeve Tim G. , Vila Roger , Dapporto Leonardo , Breuker Casper J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimWe have investigated the phylogeography and genetic structure of the Speckled Wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria) across its entire distribution range and studied its dispersal both on mainland and across sea straits. The apparent lack of gene flow between Sardinia and Corsica was further investigated by means of mating experiments.LocationEurope and North Africa.MethodsWe sampled 345 individuals and sequenced one mitochondrial gene (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I, COI) for all samples and two nuclear genes (wingless and zerknullt) for a subset of the specimens. A total of 22 females from Corsica and Sardinia were used to establish a series of crosses to investigate reproductive compatibility and were screened for the presence of Wolbachia. Bayesian inference (BI) and haplotype networks were employed to infer phylogenetic relationships and a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) was used to represent geographical patterns of genetic diversity. Mating and courtship data were analysed using linear mixed effect models.ResultsWe detected two main COI lineages separated by the Mediterranean Sea and maintained over relatively short sea straits. While nuclear gene variation was generally in agreement with that of COI, this was not the case in all areas (e.g. Iberian Peninsula and Corsica/Sardinia). Mating experiments revealed no evidence of reproductive isolation between the lineages, nor clear relation to Wolbachia infection status.Main conclusionsWe propose that following the post‐glacial recolonization of Europe, the ancestral COI lineage of P. aegeria was maintained in North Africa and Mediterranean islands, while a new lineage colonized from Eastern Europe, replacing and apparently out‐competing the ancestral variant. Several hypotheses are discussed that may explain the local discordance between the nuclear genes and COI, including sex‐specific dispersal, selection and differential rates of gene evolution.
Brief‐Systemic Programs for Promoting Mental Health and Relationship Functioning in Military Couples and Families
Authors: Monk J. Kale , Ruhlmann Lauren M. , Nelson Goff Briana S. , Ogolsky Brian G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMilitary service members and veterans (SMVs) are considered at risk for developing a variety of relational and mental health concerns. Often, their families also face hardships due to stressors associated with deployment and reintegration, as well as the interpersonal effects of distress. However, there are few systems‐oriented services available to military couples and families. Similarly, the services that are available often go underutilized. To address these gaps, we review existing brief‐systemic programs, which show promise for attracting and helping military families in need. In addition to describing the theoretical underpinnings that support these models and the limited empirical evidence behind them, we also provide recommendations for military scholars and program developers to improve services for SMVs and their families.
Association of Gestational Weight Gain with Prenatal Care Model
Authors: Kominiarek Michelle A. , Gray Elizabeth Lucio , Vyhmeister Heidi , Grobman William , Simon Melissa 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to compare gestational weight gain (GWG) among women in group and traditional prenatal care.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of women who received prenatal care between 2011 and 2015 in a setting in which low‐risk women had the option of group prenatal care. Women with height and initial and final weight were eligible. Women who chose group prenatal care were compared with women who chose traditional prenatal care and gave birth during the same study period. A propensity score analysis was used to create a matched control group from women who received traditional prenatal care. Bivariable comparisons of demographics, maternal characteristics, and GWG as a categorical variable (inadequate, adequate, or excessive per the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines) were performed with chi‐square or Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of group prenatal care with excessive GWG.ResultsThe final sample included 818 women who received either group or traditional prenatal care and were matched according to age, body mass index (BMI), nulliparity, and marital status. In the unadjusted analysis, women in group prenatal care had lower odds of excessive GWG (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.99), but the statistical significance of this finding did not persist in the adjusted analysis (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.45‐1.30). When the analyses were limited to women who had at least 5 group or traditional prenatal care visits, there were no differences in excessive GWG in unadjusted (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59‐1.16) or adjusted (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.24‐3.96) analyses.DiscussionIn this propensity score matched cohort study of predominantly Hispanic women, there were no differences in excessive GWG between women in group compared with traditional prenatal care. Further study is indicated to determine the relationship between prenatal care model and GWG outcomes.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture in Three Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alquwez Nahed , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Almoghairi Ahmed Mohammed , Al‐otaibi Raid Salman , Almutairi Khalid Obaid , Alicante Jerico G. , Colet Paolo C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the present patient safety culture of three general hospitals in Saudi Arabia, as perceived by nurses.DesignThis study utilized a descriptive, cross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenience sample of 351 nurses working in three general hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this study using the Hospital Survey of Patients’ Safety Culture (HSOPSC) from October 2016 to April 2017.ResultsFrom the 12 composites of the HSOPSC, the nurses perceived only the following two patient safety areas as strengths: teamwork within units and organizational learning–continuous improvement. Six areas of patient safety were identified as weaknesses, namely overall perception of patient safety, handoffs and transitions, communication openness, staffing, frequency of events reported, and nonpunitive response to errors. Nationality, educational attainment, hospital, length of service in the hospital, work area or unit, length of service in the current work area or unit, current position, and direct patient contact or interaction were significant predictors of the nurses’ perceived patient safety culture.ConclusionsThe findings in this study clarify the current status of patient safety culture in three hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Clinical RelevanceThe present findings should be considered by policymakers, hospital leaders, and nurse executives in creating interventions aimed at improving the patient safety culture in hospitals. A multidimensional network intervention targeting the different dimensions of patient safety culture and involving different organizational levels should be implemented to improve patient safety.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES: A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Vooren Melvin , Haelermans Carla , Groot Wim , Maassen van den Brink Henriëtte 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a meta‐analysis of microeconometric evaluation studies on the effectiveness of active labor market policies. The analysis is built upon a systematically assembled data set of causal impact estimates from 57 experimental and quasi‐experimental studies, providing 654 estimates published between January 1990 and December 2017. We distinguish between the short and longer term impacts in our analysis; at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after program start. After correcting for publication bias and country‐specific macroeconomic characteristics, subsidized labor and public employment programs have negative short‐term impacts, which gradually turn positive in the longer run. Schemes with enhanced services including job‐search assistance and training programs do not have these negative short‐term effects, and stay positive from 6 until 36 months after program start.
The Influence of Post System Design and Material on the Biomechanical Behavior of Teeth with Little Remaining Coronal Structure
Authors: Pinto Cristiano Lazzari , Bhering Claudia Lopes Brilhante , de Oliveira Gabriel Rodrigues , Maroli Angélica , Reginato Vagner Flávio , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Bacchi Atais 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of different post systems on the biomechanical behavior of teeth with a severe loss of remaining coronal structure.Materials and MethodsFifty standardized bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) were restored with: cast post‐and‐core (CPC), prefabricated metallic post (PFM), parallel glass‐fiber post (P‐FP), conical glass‐fiber post (C‐FP), or composite core (no post, CC). The survival rate during thermomechanical challenging (TC), the fracture strength (FS), and failure patterns (FP) were evaluated. Finite element models evaluated the stress distribution after the application of 100 N.ResultsAll specimens survived TC. Similar FS was observed among post‐containing groups. Groups P‐FP and CC presented 100% repairable fractures. The von Mises analysis showed the maximum stresses into the root canal in groups restored with metallic posts. Glass‐fiber posts and CC presented the maximum stresses at the load contact point. Glass‐fiber groups showed lower stresses in the analysis of maximal contact pressure; CPC led to the highest values of contact pressure. The modified von Mises (mvM) stress in dentin did not show differences among groups. Moreover, mvM values did not reach the dentin fracture limit for any group.ConclusionsThe type of intracanal post had a relevant influence on the biomechanical behavior of teeth with little remaining coronal structure.
Does intermunicipal cooperation promote efficiency gains? Evidence from Italian municipal unions
Authors: Ferraresi Massimiliano , Migali Giuseppe , Rizzo Leonzio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntermunicipal cooperation is a common way to provide local public services, exploit economies of scale, and internalize externalities. However, little is known about possible efficiency gains. We test their existence in terms of local public expenditures reductions, by investigating the Italian experience of municipal unions. We adopt quasi‐experimental methodologies using administrative data on municipalities in the Emilia Romagna region. We find that being in a municipal union reduces the total per capita current expenditures by around 5 percent, without affecting the level of local public services. The effect is robust, persistent, and increasing up to six years after entrance.
The perspectives of former recipients and experts on stigmatization related to electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark: A focus group study
Authors: Kring Iben Sylvia , Bergholt Maria Daniella , Midtgaard Julie 
Published: May 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has existed worldwide for nearly 80 years.

ECT is a fast‐working and potentially life‐saving treatment, but it is considered controversial. Although frequently mentioned, stigmatization in relation to ECT has not been systematically explored so far.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper provides new insight into both recipient and expert perspectives on ECT. It identifies several issues of stigmatization related to ECT and suggests that full recovery following ECT might be jeopardized due to both stigmatization and self‐stigmatization.

The study suggests that most of the stigmatizing behaviors can be ascribed to (a lack of) available knowledge of and experience with ECT.

What are the implications for practice?

Being aware of and listening to the needs of former ECT‐recipients seems essential to increase their treatment options and support care as well as a will to prioritize this patient group. For example, by addressing the potential stigma issues in follow‐up groups and helping to distribute sober, factual information about ECT in society.

Providing written information and psychoeducation for patients and relatives before, during, and after ECT, in addition to supporting active use of diaries, might be valuable remedies for helping patients feel adequately informed and able to accept the pros and cons of ECT during and after treatment period.

AbstractIntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has existed worldwide for nearly 80 years. Although fast‐working and potentially life‐saving treatment, ECT is regarded as a strongly controversial treatment and stigmatization is frequently mentioned in relation to it. However, no systematic research in this area has taken place so far.AimThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and attitudes of former recipients of ECT and of experts professionally involved with ECT to identify potential stigmatization.MethodTwo focus groups, one comprising four recipients of ECT and the other seven professional experts, were conducted. Data from each focus group were analyzed separately using a framework‐analysis.ResultsThe analysis yielded three major themes for the first focus group interview: ambivalent attitudes, discrediting and exclusion, and survival strategies and three major themes for the second focus group interview: dramatic depictions of ECT, an overlooked and rare treatment, and anti‐stigmatization strategies.Discussion and implications for practiceStigmatizing attitudes and behaviors in relation to ECT are closely related to one's personal and factual knowledge, and there is a great need for multi‐facetted approaches if social acceptance and recognition are to be achieved. This study provides new knowledge on a scarcely examined area while also introducing suitable methods for anti‐stigmatization and empowerment.
Accumulation of transposable elements in selfing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata supports the ectopic recombination model of transposon evolution
Authors: Bonchev Georgi , Willi Yvonne 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Transposable elements (TE) can constitute a large fraction of plant genomes, yet our understanding of their evolution and fitness effect is still limited. Here we tested several models of evolution that make specific predictions about differences in TE abundance between selfing and outcrossing taxa, and between small and large populations.

We estimated TE abundance in multiple populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata differing in mating system and long‐term size, using transposon insertion display on several TE families.

Selfing populations had higher TE copy numbers per individual and higher TE allele frequencies, supporting models which assume that selection against TEs acts predominantly against heterozygotes via the process of ectopic recombination. In outcrossing populations differing in long‐term size, the data supported neither a model of density‐regulated transposition nor a model of direct deleterious effect. Instead, the population structure of TEs revealed that outcrossing populations tended to split into western and eastern groups – as previously detected using microsatellite markers – whereas selfing populations from west and east were less differentiated. This, too, agrees with the model of ectopic recombination.

Overall, our results suggest that TE elements are nearly neutral except for their deleterious potential to disturb meiosis in the heterozygous state.
Amplitude envelope correlations measure synchronous cortical oscillations in performing musicians
Authors: Zamm Anna , Debener Stefan , Bauer Anna‐Katharina R. , Bleichner Martin G. , Demos Alexander P. , Palmer Caroline 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA major question facing cognitive neuroscience is measurement of interbrain synchrony between individuals performing joint actions. We describe the application of a novel method for measuring musicians’ interbrain synchrony: amplitude envelope correlations (AECs). Amplitude envelopes (AEs) reflect energy fluctuations in cortical oscillations over time; AE correlations measure the degree to which two envelope fluctuations are temporally correlated, such as cortical oscillations arising from two individuals performing a joint action. Wireless electroencephalography was recorded from two pianists performing a musical duet; an analysis pipeline is described for computing AEs of cortical oscillations at the duet performance frequency (number of tones produced per second) to test whether these oscillations reflect the temporal dynamics of partners’ performances. The pianists’ AE correlations were compared with correlations based on a distribution of AEs simulated from white noise signals using the same methods. The AE method was also applied to the temporal characteristics of the pianists’ performances, to show that the observed pair's AEs reflect the temporal dynamics of their performance. AE correlations offer a promising approach for assessing interbrain correspondences in cortical activity associated with performing joint tasks.
Attentional refreshing moderates the word frequency effect in immediate and delayed recall tasks
Authors: Abadie Marlène , Camos Valérie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing an online sample experiment, the study described herein addresses the fervent debate about the relationships between working memory and long‐term memory (LTM). We manipulated refreshing opportunities and LTM status of memoranda by varying, respectively, the type of span tasks (simple span with short or long lists versus complex span tasks) and the frequency of the memory words (low versus high). In accordance with the hypothesis that refreshing is involved particularly in complex rather than simple span tasks, the frequency effect in immediate recall tests was reduced in the former. Moreover, contrary to previous studies in which refreshing increases LTM effects in delayed recall tests, our data point in the opposite direction. However, the frequency effect was also reduced in the simple task with short lists, suggesting that refreshing might not be the only process underlying the reduction of frequency effect in delayed tests. Finally, no differences in delayed recall were found between the complex span task that affords refreshing opportunities and the other tasks, suggesting that another process than refreshing, probably consolidation, might be involved in delayed recall.
Tobacco smoking decreases clinical symptoms of gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes—a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tarnowski Mateusz , Duda‐Sobczak Anna , Lipski Jakub , Zozulinska‐Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Wyganowska‐Swiatkowska Marzena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivePeriodontal disease may develop on the background of microvascular complications of diabetes. However, some modifying factors, such as tobacco smoking, should be taken into consideration when assessing risk of development of chronic complications. The aim of the study was the clinical assessment of the periodontal status in patients with type 1 diabetes according to tobacco smoking.Subjects and MethodsA total of 362 subjects aged 29 (IQR 22‐35) years, type 1 diabetes duration 12 (8‐18) years, hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c 8.0 (7.2‐9.1)% were included. We used Gingival Index, Approximal Plaque Index, and Sulcus Bleeding Index to assess periodontal health. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to current cigarette smoking.ResultsNo differences in age, diabetes duration, and chronic complications were found between subgroups. A better metabolic control of diabetes expressed by lower HbA1c (p = 0.00001) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.004) was shown in nonsmokers. Smokers presented significantly lower gingival bleeding, p = 0.009. HbA1c correlated with API in study group (Rs = 0.16; p = 0.002) and in nonsmokers subgroup (Rs = 0.2;p = 0.004), however, not in smoker’s subgroup. In multivariable regression analysis, smoking cigarettes (β = −0.26; p = 0.0002), hs‐CRP (β = 0.15; p = 0.03) and age (β = −0.19; p = 0.007) occurred to be independent predictors of SBI after adjustment for confounding variables (R2 = 0.13; p = 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with type 1 diabetes smoking cigarettes presented lower gingival sulcus bleeding and worse metabolic control of diabetes than nonsmoking patients.
Safe Use of Epidural Corticosteroid Injections: Recommendations of the WIP Benelux Work Group
Authors: Van Boxem Koen , Rijsdijk Mienke , Hans Guy , de Jong Jasper , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Vissers Kris , van Kleef Maarten , Rathmell James P. , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidural corticosteroid injections are used frequently worldwide in the treatment of radicular pain. Concerns have arisen involving rare major neurologic injuries after this treatment. Recommendations to prevent these complications have been published, but local implementation is not always feasible due to local circumstances, necessitating local recommendations based on literature review.MethodsA work group of 4 stakeholder pain societies in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg (Benelux) has reviewed the literature involving neurological complications after epidural corticosteroid injections and possible safety measures to prevent these major neurologic injuries.ResultsTwenty‐six considerations and recommendations were selected by the work group. These involve the use of imaging, injection equipment particulate and nonparticulate corticosteroids, epidural approach, and maximal volume to be injected.ConclusionRaising awareness about possible neurological complications and adoption of safety measures recommended by the work group aim at reducing the risks for these devastating events.
Metabolic and gene expression hallmarks of seed germination uncovered by sodium butyrate in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Pagano Andrea , de Sousa Araújo Susana , Macovei Anca , Dondi Daniele , Lazzaroni Simone , Balestrazzi Alma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBecause high‐quality seeds are essential for successful crop production in challenging environments, understanding the molecular bases of seed vigour will lead to advances in seed technology. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, promoting histone hyperacetylation, are used as tools to explore aspects still uncovered of the abiotic stress response in plants. The aim of this work was to investigate novel signatures of seed germination in Medicago truncatula, using the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) as stress agent. NaB‐treated and untreated seeds collected at 2 and 8 hr of imbibition and at the radicle protrusion stage underwent molecular phenotyping and nontargeted metabolome profiling. Quantitative enrichment analysis revealed the influence of NaB on seed nucleotide, amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Up‐regulation of antioxidant and polyamine biosynthesis genes occurred in response to NaB. DNA damage evidenced in NaB‐treated seeds correlated with up‐regulation of base‐excision repair genes. Changes in N1‐methyladenosine and N1‐methylguanine were associated with up‐regulation of MtALKBH1 (alkylation repair homolog) gene. N2,N2‐dimethylguanosine and 5‐methylcytidine, tRNA modifications involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of DNA damage response, were also accumulated in NaB‐treated seeds at the radicle protrusion stage. The observed changes in seed metabolism can provide novel potential metabolic hallmarks of germination.