bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Intravitreal Conbercept for Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularisation Secondary to Choriodal Osteoma
Authors: Wu Min 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Choriodal osteoma is a rare condition. Although anti-VEGF treatment has been reported to be effective in managing choroidal neovascularisation secondary to choriodal osteoma, to the best of our knowledge, this report is the first report of using conbercept in such condition.
Case presentation: This report describes a case of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to choriodal osteoma. A 37-year old female presented with decreased vision and distortion in left eye. Fundus image revealed an orange-yellow lesion with clear boundary in the macular area. Fluorescein angiography indicated choroidal neovascularization(CNV). OCT, B-scan and CT scan showed features of choroidal osteoma. Intravitreal Conbercept was given for four times over a period of 10 months, resulting stability of visual acuity and regression of CNV.
Conclusions: Intravitreal Conbercept is effective in controlling choroidal neovascularisation secondary to choriodal osteoma.
Sorption of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Metal Solutions and Industrial Wastewater Using Plant Materials
Authors: Al-Asheh Sameer , Duvnjak Zdravko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In a batch process, canola meal, pine bark and moss decreased the copper concentration in an industrial wastewater from a copper refining/smelting plant from 36.5 to 2.5, 4.1 and 5.2 ppm, respectively, when the concentration of each sorbent was 15 mg/mL. pH-controlled tests showed greater Cu2+ removal compared to those without pH control. The copper concentration was decreased to below its permissible upper limit for drinking water when the wastewater was treated with 9.2 mg/mL of bark at pH 5.2 followed by sorption with 2.3 mg/mL of activated carbon. This study also showed that the same total amount of sorbent used either in a single- or multistage sorption process resulted in the same level of copper removal. The removal of copper from the wastewater was also studied using columns packed with bark. After three sorption/desorption cycles, the copper concentration was decreased to 4 ppm.
This study also examined the mechanisms of metal biosorption by moss using analytical solutions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyses revealed that metal ions were sorbed mainly at the cell wall of the moss and only a small amount of ions diffused into the cytoplasm. Both the energy dispersive X-ray analysis and the atomic absorption spectrophotometry measurements showed that ion exchange was an important mechanism in this sorption process.
Enhanced removal of selenate from mining effluent by H2O2/HCl-pretreated zero-valent iron
Authors: Wu Bing , Jia Huichao , Yang Zhe , Shan Chao , Weng Jingxia , Xu Zhe , Pan Bingcai 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Direct use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in reductive removal of selenate (Se(VI)) is inefficient due to the intrinsic passive layer of ZVI. Here we observed that ZVI pretreated with H2O2 (P-ZVI-O) performs much better in Se(VI) removal from a mining effluent than other three modes of ZVI alone, acid washing ZVI (P-ZVI-A), and simultaneous addition of H2O2 and ZVI (ZVI-O) as well. The P-ZVI-O exhibits exceptionally high Se(VI) removal at a low dosage, wide pH range, with Se dropping down from 93.5 mg/L to &lt;0.4 μg/L after 7-h reaction. Interestingly, the initial pH (2–6) of the mining effluent exerted little influence on the final Se(VI) removal. H2O2/HCl pretreatment results in the formation of various reducing corrosion products (e.g. Fe3O4, FeO and Fe2+), which greatly favors the efficient Se(VI) removal. In addition, surface-bound Fe2+ ions participated in the reduction of Se(VI). Combined with the influence of Se valence as well as pH and Fe2+ (whether dissolved or surface bound), it is deduced that the P-ZVI-O mode induced efficient Se(VI) removal via the adsorption-reduction and/or co-precipitation. This study demonstrates that H2O2/HCl pretreatment of ZVI is a very promising option to enhance the efficiency of reductive removal of Se(VI) from real effluents.
Applications of Micelles in Catalyzing Organic Reactions
Authors: Bhat Bilal A. , Shairgojray Bashir A. 
Published: December 2018

:
Micellar chemistry is gaining considerable interest among organic chemists because these
reactions are carried out in environmentally benign solvents like water. Owing to the exhaustive use
of toxic solvents in carrying out the different chemical reactions, there is a pressing need for alternative
approaches either environmental friendly or having minimum impact on the environment. In this
article, we aim to discuss the various aspects of micellar chemistry viz-a-viz its role in guiding the
chemical reactions. Micelles help to drive various kinds of organic reactions including oxidations,
reductions, carbon-carbon bond formation, carbon-heteroatom bond formation, multi-component reactions,
Pd-coupling reaction, olefin metathesis reaction, Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, etc. in water.
Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Wong Alex H.C. , Leung Amy A.M. , Hon Kam L. 
Published: December 2018

Background:Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition.Objective:To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children.Methods:A PubMed search was completed in clinical queries using the key terms “urinary tract infection”, "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and the pediatric age group. Patents were searched using the key terms “urinary tract infection” "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com.Results:Escherichia coli accounts for 80 to 90% of UTI in children. The symptoms and signs are nonspecific throughout infancy. Unexplained fever is the most common symptom of UTI during the first two years of life. After the second year of life, symptoms and signs of pyelonephritis include fever, chills, rigor, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Lower tract symptoms and signs include suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, malodorous urine, and suprapubic tenderness. A urinalysis and urine culture should be performed when UTI is suspected. In the work-up of children with UTI, physicians must judiciously utilize imaging studies to minimize exposure of children to radiation. While waiting for the culture results, prompt antibiotic therapy is indicated for symptomatic UTI based on clinical findings and positive urinalysis to eradicate the infection and improve clinical outcome. The choice of antibiotics should take into consideration local data on antibiotic resistance patterns. Recent patents related to the management of UTI are discussed.Conclusion:Currently, a second or third generation cephalosporin and amoxicillin-clavulanate are drugs of choice in the treatment of acute uncomplicated UTI. Parenteral antibiotic therapy is recommended for infants ≤ 2 months and any child who is toxic-looking, hemodynamically unstable, immunocompromised, unable to tolerate oral medication, or not responding to oral medication. A combination of intravenous ampicillin and intravenous/intramuscular gentamycin or a third-generation cephalosporin can be used in those situations. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis is rarely justified, but continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered for children with frequent febrile UTI.
Experimental Study on the Effects of Recycled Concrete Powder on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Quan Hongzhu , Kasami Hideo 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Although hundreds million tons of concrete wastes have been generated annually in China, the use of recycled aggregate for concrete is limited because of low density and high absorption due to adhered cement paste and mortar.Methods:A new method to produce high quality recycled aggregate by heating and grinding concrete rubbles to separate cement portions adhering to aggregate was developed recently. In this process by-product powder with the fineness of 400m2/kg is generated. By-product recycled fine powder consists of fine particles of hydrated cement and crushed aggregate. To use the recycled fine powder as concrete additives two series of experiments were performed to make clear of the effect of recycled fine powder.Results and Conclusion:Self-compacting concrete with recycled fine powder, granulated blast furnace slag and granulated limestone were tested for slump flow, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage. Reduction in super plasticizing effect of high range water reducer was found for concrete with recycled powder. Compressive strength of concrete with recycled fine powder was the same as those with granulated limestone, and lower than those with granulated blast furnace slag. Concrete with recycled fine powder showed lower elastic modulus and higher drying shrinkage than those with granulated blast furnace slag and granulated limestone. The recycled fine powder is usable for self-compacting concrete without further processing, despite the possible increase in dosage of high range water reducer for a given slump flow and in drying shrinkage. The addition of granulated blast furnace slag together with recycled powder to self-compacting concrete improved super plasticizing effect of high range water reducer and properties of concrete.
Dielectric Properties of Polymer Composites with Nanocarbon Allotropes
Authors: Shevchenko Vitaliy G. , Nedorezova Polina M. , Ozerin Alexander N. 
Published: December 2018

Background:The paper describes the types and electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon allotropes.Objective:Direct current conductivity, conduction in percolation systems, conduction mechanisms and factors controlling conductivity and percolation parameters are considered.Method:The dielectric properties of polymer nanocomposites are presented, and experimental methods and methods for analyzing the results have also been described. An analysis of the data on ac electrical conductivity, including the contribution of nanofiller - interfacial polarization is presented. Special consideration is given to the role of nanocarbons as dielectric probes.Results:The microwave properties of polymer nanocomposites, their use to estimate the distribution of nanofiller in the matrix, as well as practical applications for shielding and absorption of electromagnetic radiation have been analyzed.Conclusion:The use of carbon allotropes nanoparticles as fillers with high electrical conductivity provides polymer composites with useful electrical properties, including the ability to absorb highfrequency electromagnetic radiation.
PERANAN PEREMPUAN DI LUAR RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS
Authors: Dwikurniarini Dina - 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Ajaran yang selama ini dikenalkan pada kita adalah bahwa perempuan diciptakan dari tulang rusuk pria. Anggapan tersebut telah menempatkan perempuan sebagai subordinasi pria. Bahkan kebudayaan kita juga mengajarkan perempuan sebagai mahkluk nomor dua. Oleh karena kedudukannya tersebut maka dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan perempuan tidak mempunyai peranan penting. Fungsi reproduksinya menjadikan perempuan tidak punya banyak waktu untuk berperanan dalam sektor publik, karena kewajibannya mengasuh anak. Mengurus rumah tangga adalah kewajibannya yang utama. Meskipun peran itu sangat penting tetapi dalam anggapan budaya tetap menempatkannya sebagai peran sekunder, karena mencari nafkah dilakukan suami adalah penting untuk meneruskan hidup. Melekatnya stigma sebagai “konco wingking” terus membayanginya. Betulkah sejak dahulu perempuan tidak mempunyai peran dalam rumah tangga terutama dalam sektor ekonomi? Tulisan singkat ini akan melihatnya dari aspek historis keberadaan perempuan di luar rumah tangganya. Pembahasan menekankan pada keterlibatan perempuan dalam perkembangan ekonomi masa kolonial.
NASIONALISME ASIA TIMUR: SUATU PERBANDINGAN JEPANG, CINA, DAN KOREA
Authors: Hartono Mudji - 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Kebangkitan nasional di Asia Timur telah muncul pada pertengahan abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 sejalan dengan semakin intensifnya usaha penguasaan wilayah oleh suatu bangsa terhadap bangsa lain. Walaupun sama-sama bangsa Asia Timur, namun yang mendasari terbentuknya nasionalisme antara Jepang, Cina, dan Korea tampak adanya perbedaan. Untuk itu, dalam rangka melihat identitas masing-masing negara tersebut terkait dengan munculnya nasionalisme, artikel ini mencoba mengkajinya. Dari hasil kejian tampak bahwa di Jepang pembentukan nasionalisme didasarkan pada gabungan unsur etnisitas dan loyalitas politik. Sementara itu, di Cina dan Korea hanya aspek loyalitas politik yang digunakan untuk membentuk nasionalisme. Di Jepang, kedua unsur itu telah menyatu pada diri orang Jepang, sehingga apa yang dilakukan oleh orang Jepang yang berorientasi internasionalisme tidak melenyapkan identitas nasional. Mereka sadar betul bahwa dirinya adalah orang Jepang. Sebaliknya, sebenarnya hingga saat ini pembentukan “nasionalisme Cina” dan “nasionalisme Korea” belum dapat terwujud.
ISLAM MODERAT KONTEKS INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS
Authors: Minftahuddin Minftahuddin - 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Sungguh sangat menyedihkan apabila perbedaan dalam Islam, yang pada dasarnya berangkat dari perbedaan pemahaman dan penafsiran atas teks al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits, mengakibatkan ketidakharmonisan dalam bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Sebenarya, sepanjang perbedaan yang ada dilandasi dengan semangat nilai-nilai ukhuwah basyariah (persaudaraan antar umat manusia), ukhuwah Islamiyah (persaudaraan antar sesama umat Islam), hablu minannaas (hubungan baik dengan sesama manusia), dan ikhtilafu ummati rahmatun (perbedaan adalah rahmat), tidaklah menimbulkan permasalahan. Khususnya di Indonesia, dari fakta yang dapat dilihat, tampaknya belum memperlihatkan bahwa perbedaan itu rahmat. Dengan demikian, artikel ini mengajak untuk mencoba melihat kembali sejarah, bagaimana memahami Islam dan ber-Islam yang seharusnya diterapkan dalam konteks Indonesia sehingga manusia Indonesia dalam berpaham tidak terjebak ke dalam ekstrimitas yang berlebihan. Konsep “Islam moderat”, pada dasarnya hanyalah sebatas tawaran yang semata-mata ingin membantu masyarakat pada umumnya dalam memahami Islam. Bersikap moderat dalam ber-Islam bukanlah suatu hal yang menyimpang dalam ajaran Islam, karena hal ini dapat ditemukan rujukannya, baik dalam al-Qur’an, al-Hadits, maupun perilaku manusia dalam sejarah. Mengembangkan pemahaman “Islam moderat” untuk konteks Indonesia dapatlah dianggap begitu penting. Bukankah diketahui bahwa di wilayah ini terdapat bayak paham dalam Islam, beragam agama, dan multi-etnis. Konsep “Islam moderat mengajak, bagaimana Islam dipahami secara kontekstual, memahami bahwa perbedaan dan keragaman adalah sunnatullah, tidak dapat ditolak keberadaannya. Jika hal ini diamalkan, dapat diyakini Islam akan menjadi agama rahmatan lil alamin.
ETOS KERJA : KETELADANAN MASYARAKAT BANYUMAS AWAL ABAD XX
Authors: Murdiyastomo Agus - 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Daerah Banyumas bagian selatan dikenal sebagai daerah yang subur penghasil padi, dan mempunyai kepadatan penduduk yang cukup tinggi. Kesuburan tanah ini kemudian menarik para investor untuk menanamkan modalnya di daerah ini dengan membuka perkebunan tebu, dan pabrik gula. Masuknya usaha tersebut pada akhirnya menyerobot lahan tanaman pangan, karena syarat penanaman tebu kurang lebih sama dengan syarat penanaman padi. Usaha perkebunan dan berdirinya pabrik gula, telah menjadi daya tarik bagi penduduk dari luar untuk turut mengais rejeki di Banyumas. Dengan demikian beban daerah ini semakin berat karena meningkatnya jumlah penduduk pada setiap tahunnya. Penggusuran lahan pertanian tentu mengurangi produksi pangan per tahun, yang pada akhirnya mengancam kesejahteraan penduduk. Walaupun tekanan semakin menghimpit, tetapi hidup harus tetap berlangsung, dan bagaimana usaha penduduk Karesidenan Banyumas menanggapi perkembangan situasi itu, dan dapat bertahan bahkan keluar dari tekanan ekonomi. Untuk merunut bagaimana penduduk Banyumas dapat bertahan hidup, dan bahkan keluar dari tekanan ekonomi, maka digunakan metode sejarah kritis, dengan mengkaji dokumen-dokumen yang berhasil dikumpulkan, ditunjang pula dengan bahan pustaka yang berhubungan dengan persoalan yang dikaji. Pengkajian terhadap persoalan yang hendak dipecahkan dilakukan dengan pendekatan ekologis, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Geertz, dan menggali akar budaya Banyumas dengan pendekatan etnografis. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa Masyarakat Banyumas mampu bertahan dari tekanan ekonomi karena masyarakat Banyumas memiliki etos kerja yang tinggi. Kerja bagi masyarakat Banyumas bukan semata-mata untuk memperoleh penghasilan, tetapi kerja dilandasi dengan falsafah yang justru muncul dari stereotype orang Banyumas, yaitu terus terang dan apa adanya yang dalam dialek banyumas disebut dengan “cablaka”, Hal ini pantas dikembangkan dalam rangka membangkitkan etos kerja yang dilandasi semangat nasionalisme, demi meraih Indonesia yang makmur dan sejahtera.
DEMOKRASI PANCASILA dalam PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK
Pancasila sebagai sebuah ideologi dan acauan sistem demokrasi di Indonesia telah melampaui waktu yang panjang. Memang, sebuah negera apabila hendak menjadi sesuatu yang ideal, maka dalam penyelenggaraannya haruslah berlandaskan demokrasi. Bukankah pemerintahan yang demokrasi akan mencurahkan kebaikan pada rakyat secara keseluruhan. Pada dasarnya demokrasi melekat pada kebebasan dan partisipasi individu. Menggunakan kebebasan, hak-hak sipil, dan politik, merupakan bagian dari kehidupan yang melekat pada individu sebagai makhluk sosial. Partisipasi dalam kehidupan sosial dan politik mengandung nilai intrinsik bagi kehidupan manusia. Semua itu sejalan dengan cita-cita demokrasi Pancasila. Untuk itu, artikel ini mencoba menyuguhkan praktik demokrasi di Indonesia dalam sejarahnya.
Diketahui bahwa Pancasila adalah landasan demokrasi dalam penyelenggaraan negara di Indonesia. Pancasila memeng menawarkan demokrasi yang ideal dan sebenarnya. Hanya saja, Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara dalam kurun waktu 70 tahun, dan juga menjadi pilar dalam berdemokrasi, ternyata telah memiliki rupa yang berbeda seiring dengan perubahan wajah perpolitikan di negeri ini. Apakah ini merupakan pertanda bahwa bangsa ini memang sedang belajar untuk mencari format yang tepat dalam berdemokrasi, yang sesuai dengan jiwa Pancasila. Terlepas dari itu, upaya mewujudkan Demokrasi Pancasila yang ideal harus terus dilakukan dengan melakukan dekontruksi secara berkelanjutan. Dekonstruksi yang dimaksud adalah upaya untuk melakukan pembacaan ulang seluruh realitas yang seakan jauh dari tujuan cita-cita Pancasila.
The efficacy of nelfinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of HIV-infected pediatric patients
Authors: Denisenko, V. B. , Simovanyan E. N. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: to characterize the efcacy of nelfnavir and lopinavir/ritonavir in the starting regimens of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected pediatric patients.Materials and methods: 50 HIV-infected patients aged 24-36 months were treated with abacavir and lamivudine in combination with nelfnavir (24 children) or lopinavir/ritonavir (26 patients).Results: Using both antiretroviral therapy schemes leads to suppression of HIV replication, improvement of clinical and immunological parameters. However, the treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir revealed a signifcant positive changes of HIV blood viral load, immune status and clinical picture. With the help of mathematical modeling, the signifcance of lopinavir/ritonavir appointment as an independent predictor of eﬀectiveness prolongation of antiretroviral therapy has been proved. As a side eﬀect of lopinavir/ritonavir developed dyspeptic symptoms.Conclusion: Te results of the study indicate the high efcacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir use compared to nelfnavir in HIV-infected pediatric patients.
Hypoxic training as a way of the human brain protection from the damaging effects of oxygen deficiency
Authors: Eroshenko A. Yu. , Kochubejnik N. V. , Shatov D. V. , Groshilin S. M. , Sklyarov V. N. , Stepanov V. A. , Linchenko S. N. 
Published: December 2018

Objective:to evaluate the possibilities of normobaric hypoxic training (NHT) in the human brain protection from the damaging eﬀects of oxygen defciency.Materials and methods:the study involved 18 men, aged 19-23 years, who underwent NHT: 15 treatments daily 2-hour stay in a hypoxic gas medium (HGM) having an oxygen content 15.0 ± 0.5% (HGM-15). Beforestarting the NHT (I phase), and afer 1-2 days afer its closure (II stage) were carried hypoxic samples (staying in HGM-15) before and during which the subjects were recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) and mental performance were evaluated (the «Route» test).Results:when the frst hypoxic test was carried out, the subjects had a decrease in the alpha-rhythm index (on average by 10-15 %, p = 0.013) and its amplitude (by 10-12 %, p = 0.044) compared to the usual environmental conditions. At the same time, the share of low-amplitude slow waves increased (p = 0.019). Te integral indicator of the «Route» test during staying of the subjects in the HGM-15 decreased on average by 18% compared to the usual conditions (p <0.001). Te obtained data testifed about negative inﬂuence of staying in HGM -15 on the functioning of the higher parts of the brain. Afer carrying out NHT, all subjects showed a signifcant reduction in the negative reactions of spontaneous EEG to hypoxia: when the sample was repeated, the alpha-rhythm index and its amplitude did not change signifcantly (in comparison with air breathing), signs of excessive slow wave activity were absent. Reduction of the integral indicator of mental performance when staying in HGM-15 amounted to an average of only 6%.Conclusions:NHT in the developed regime is an eﬀective means of the brain protection from the damaging eﬀect of oxygen defciency and can be used in the system of physiological training of specialists to perform tasks of activity in conditions of reduced partial pressure of oxygen.
The vascular wall injuries of vena cava inferior and surrounding organs by structural elements of vena cava filters in the late post-implantation period
Authors: Kirienko A. I. , Andriyashkin V. V. , Ivanov V. V. 
Published: December 2018

Objective:to study the frequency of vena cava inferior (VCI) injuries by the elements of the modern structures vena cava flters (VCF) and the penetration into surrounding organs and tissues, which revealed during the open surgical interventions for diﬀerent complications due to the presence of a fltering device in the late post-implantation period.Material and methods:the study had included 31 patient of diﬀerent age groups, operated for the period from 2008 to 2017 with late complications of implantation of VCF.Results:penetration of structural elements of VCF beyond the limits of VCI was revealed in 20 patients, and 9 of them — in surrounding organs and main vessels. Te age of this group of patients was from 20 to 58 years. Te length of the fltering device in the VCI was from one month to 18 years (Me - 14.5 months). In 95 % of cases, this was the conical models VCF and their parts penetrated the paracaval space. In 5 patients, the elements of the flter device penetrated into the duodenum, 2 in the gonadal veins, and two observations - into the aortic wall and into the liver tissue.Conclusions:damage vascular wall of VCI with elements of the VCF and their penetration into the surrounding organs and tissues in the distant post implantation period is a common complication, in the prevailing part of the observations caused by the implantation of the conical structure VCF.