bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balintgruppenarbeit als Methode der Positiven Transkulturellen Psychotherapie
Authors: Gesmann Mechthild 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBalintgruppenarbeit als Methode der Positiven Transkulturellen Psychotherapie. Hauptthema in der Balintgruppe ist die Beziehung zwischen Arzt und Patient. Sie bietet Medizinern und Therapeuten aller Fachrichtungen die Möglichkeit, Probleme mit bestimmten Patienten unter tiefenpsychologischen Gesichtspunkten zu betrachten und besser zu verstehen. Das wichtigste methodische Element der Balintgruppenarbeit ist der freie Bericht über eine bedeutsame Patientenbegegnung. Die Gruppe untersucht dann gemeinsam im strukturierten kollegialen Gespräch die daraus erkennbare Arzt-Patient-Beziehung. Es entsteht dadurch ein erweitertes Bild vom Patienten, welches dem Arzt oder Therapeuten später einen veränderten, hilfreichen Zugang zum Patienten ermöglicht. In diesem Workshop wurde die Fallarbeit nach dem Konzept der Positiven Transkulturellen Psychotherapie (PPT nach N. Peseschkian, seit 1977)vorgestellt. Der Prozess der Fallbesprechung folgt nach diesem Modell einer fünfstufigen Vorgehensweise: Beobachtung und Distanzierung, Inventarisierung, Situative Ermutigung, Verbalisation und Zielerweiterung. Ziel dieser speziellen Methode der Balintarbeit ist es, die stabilisierenden und vitalisierenden Fähigkeiten unseres Patienten aufzudecken und zu fördern und zugleich ressourcenorientiert seine Beziehungen zu reflektieren. Dabei sind orientalische Geschichten und Elemente der „Volkspsychotherapie“ im Sinne eines Perspektivenwechsels hilfreich.
Re-thinking translation quality
Authors: Mellinger Christopher D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEditing and revision are regularly incorporated into professional translation projects as a means of quality assurance. Underlying the decision to include these tasks in translation workflows lay implicit assumptions about what constitutes quality. This article examines how quality is operationalized with respect to editing and revision and considers these assumptions. The case is made for incorporating revision into translation quality assessment models and employs the concepts of adequacy, distributed cognition, and salience – and their treatment in the research on cognitive translation processes, post-editing, and translation technology – in order to re-think translation quality.
Shared intentions, public reason, and political autonomy
Authors: Neufeld Blain 
Published: March 2018

AbstractJohn Rawls claims that public reasoning is the reasoning of ‘equal citizens who as a corporate body impose rules on one another backed by sanctions of state power’. Drawing upon an amended version of Michael Bratman’s theory of shared intentions, I flesh out this claim by developing the ‘civic people’ account of public reason. Citizens realize ‘full’ political autonomy as members of a civic people. Full political autonomy, though, cannot be realised by citizens in societies governed by a ‘constrained proceduralist’ account of democratic self-government, or the ‘convergence’ account of public justification formulated recently by Gerald Gaus and Kevin Vallier.
North European invasion by common ragweed is associated with early flowering and dominant changes in FT/TFL1 expression
Authors: Kralemann Lejon E M , Scalone Romain , Andersson Lars , Hennig Lars 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
During the last two centuries, the North American common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) invaded a large part of the globe. Local adaptation of this species was revealed by a common garden experiment, demonstrating that the distribution of the species in Europe could extend considerably to the North. Our study compares two populations of common ragweed (one from the native range and one from the invaded range) that differ in flowering time in the wild: the invasive population flowers earlier than the native population under non-inductive long-day photoperiods. Experiments conducted in controlled environments established that the two populations differ in their flowering time even under inductive short-day photoperiods, suggesting a change in autonomous flowering control. Genetic analysis revealed that early flowering is dominantly inherited and accompanied by the increased expression of the floral activator AaFTL1 and decreased expression of the floral repressor AaFTL2. Early flowering is also accompanied by reduced reproductive output, which is evolutionarily disadvantageous under long vegetation periods. In contrast, under short vegetation periods, only early-flowering plants can produce any viable seeds, making the higher seed set of late-flowering plants irrelevant. Thus, earlier flowering appears to be a specific adaptation to the higher latitudes of northern Europe.
Law and force
Authors: Gray Christine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides a background to the renewed debate about the legal constraints on the use of force imposed by the UN Charter after the Second World War. The increasing conflicts within states have raised legal questions, first, as to whether there can be a right of unilateral humanitarian intervention to protect citizens from their own governments, second, as to the content of the more recent doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P)—the responsibility of the ‘international community’ to protect a population from war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity by the government, and third as to the existence of a right to intervene to overthrow a repressive regime. Even more controversially, the conflict in Syria has brought renewed debate about the scope of the right to self defence in counter terrorism operations. This chapter discusses the problems with the identification of international law on the use of force, the role of international law in this area, and the complexities of any inquiry into its effectiveness.
The prohibition of the use of force
Authors: Gray Christine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the prohibition of the use of force contained in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which provides that ‘All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations’. States and commentators generally agree that the prohibition is not only a treaty obligation but also customary law. However, there are disagreements between states on the interpretation and application of Article 2(4): does ‘the use of force’ include not only armed force but also economic coercion and, more recently, cyber attacks. Can humanitarian intervention ever be lawful? Is Responsibilty to Protect now a substitute for humanitarian intervention?
Randomized, Patient/Evaluator-Blinded, Intraindividual Comparison Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler in the Treatment of Nasolabial Folds
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Choi Eun Ja , Choi Sun Young , Li Kapsok , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDComparative research on the characteristics of filler products is limited, especially in the preclinical analysis of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers.OBJECTIVEThis study was performed to compare the preclinical characteristics, clinical efficacy, and safety of a new HA filler, IDHF-001, with Restylane SubQ in the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs).METHODSViscoelasticity and injection force were evaluated. Ninety-one subjects were enrolled in this randomized, patient/evaluator-blind, intraindividual clinical study. Each subject was randomized to receive injections of IDHF-001 or Restylane SubQ in their left or right NLF. At 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 weeks, all participants were evaluated through Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS).RESULTSThe IDHF-001 showed higher viscosity (1,271 Pa·s), lower elastic modulus (G′; 611 Pa), and lower injection force (8.89 N) than Restylane SubQ (464.6 Pa·s; 674.8 Pa; 19.14 N). No significant difference in WSRS was detected between IDHF-001 side and Restylane SubQ side at 24 weeks (mean improvement in WSRS from baseline at Week 24—IDHF-001: 1.85 ± 0.61, Restylane SubQ: 1.88 ± 0.61). The noninferiority was sustained until Week 48.CONCLUSIONThe novel HA filler IDHF-001 shows suitable characteristics and tolerability, widening the selection possibilities for clinicians and patients in the treatment of NLFs.
Cleft Palate Fistula Closure Utilizing Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Emodi Omri , Ginini Jiriys George , van Aalst John A. , Shilo Dekel , Naddaf Raja , Aizenbud Dror , Rachmiel Adi 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Fistulas represent failure of cleft palate repair. Secondary and tertiary fistula repair is challenging, with high recurrence rates. In the present retrospective study, we review the efficacy of using acellular dermal matrix as an interposition layer for cleft palate fistula closure in 20 consecutive patients between 2013 and 2016. Complete fistula closure was obtained in 16 patients; 1 patient had asymptomatic recurrent fistula; 2 patients had partial closure with reduction of fistula size and minimal nasal regurgitation; 1 patient developed a recurrent fistula without changes in symptoms (success rate of 85%). We conclude that utilizing acellular dermal matrix for cleft palate fistula repair is safe and simple with a high success rate.
Recurrence rate and overall survival of operated ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Labgaa Ismail , Uldry Emilie , Demartines Nicolas , Halkic Nermin 
Published: March 2018

Objective
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) can infrequently rupture and cause hemorrhage. Little is known on recurrence rate (RR) and overall survival (OS) in case of ruptured HCC. This study aimed to assess RR, time to recurrence, and OS of operated ruptured HCC.

Patients and methods
All operated patients with HCC (1999–2015) were reviewed. Patient demographics, perioperative details, and postoperative outcomes of ruptured HCC were recorded. RR, time to recurrence, and OS were calculated. RR and OS of ruptured and non-ruptured HCC were compared.

Results
Among the 140 consecutive patients with HCC operated during the study period, 14 presented with rupture. Eleven patients had cirrhosis (all Child–Pugh A). At presentation, median α-fetoprotein and hemoglobin levels were 23 µg/l (interquartile range: 5–883) and 127 g/l (118–148), respectively. All but one patient felt abdominal pain, and two were in hemorrhagic shock. Preoperative embolization with staged hepatectomy was performed in seven patients. Five patients were first treated conservatively and then had an elective hepatectomy, whereas two patients had upfront surgery (one packing and one segmentectomy). Major hepatectomy was performed in eight cases. Median intraoperative blood loss was 1000 ml (500–2100). Overall complication rate was 36%. Eight patients presented a recurrence (57%; median time to recurrence: 8 months; interquartile range: 6–19). Median OS was 44 months, and 5-year OS was 41%. The 126 operated patients with non-ruptured HCC had a RR of 59/126 (47%; P=0.576) and a 5-year OS of 61% (P=0.448).

Conclusion
RR between ruptured and non-ruptured HCC were similar. Moreover, HCC rupture did not impair OS compared with HCC without rupture.
Decision making and outcome of pregnancies in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a community-based practice
Authors: Hoekstra Jildou , van Roon Aafke H.C. , Bekkering Frank C. , van Tilburg Antonie J.P. , West Rachel L. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate information provided on pregnancy, personal decision making, disease course, and outcome of pregnancy from a patient’s perspective in a population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) attending two general hospitals.

Patients and methods
A questionnaire was sent to all female patients with IBD in two general hospitals in the Netherlands. The questionnaire comprised four sections: (i) demographic data and medication use (ii) details on previous pregnancies and reasons for not becoming pregnant, (iii) outcome of pregnancies before IBD diagnosis, and (iv) outcome of pregnancies after IBD diagnosis. If necessary, medical records were reviewed to verify responses or for further medical details.

Results
In total, 385 women returned the questionnaire, 501 completed pregnancies were reported, and 113 women had never been pregnant. In 272 women with at least one pregnancy, 334 pregnancies occurred before IBD diagnosis, 157 after IBD diagnosis, and in 10 cases, IBD was diagnosed during pregnancy. Medication for IBD was used in 67% of pregnancies after IBD diagnosis, mainly 5-ASA preparations (54%). Women with ulcerative colitis experienced more IBD-related complaints during pregnancy compared with women with Crohn’s disease (25 vs. 14%, P=0.016). Additional medication (n=21) or surgery (n=2) for IBD during pregnancy was indicated in 14% of cases. Most women reported an uneventful pregnancy course (79%). Preterm birth occurred in 13% of pregnancies.

Conclusion
Pregnancy in women with IBD seen in a general hospital can be managed with a good outcome. Step-up therapy is needed in a minority of cases, and severe complications are rare.
Prevention of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Pilot Study Comparing Dobutamine and Milrinone*
Authors: Cavigelli-Brunner Anna , Hug Maja I. , Dave Hitendu , Baenziger Oskar , Buerki Christoph , Bettex Dominique , Cannizzaro Vincenzo , Balmer Christian 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Dobutamine and milrinone are commonly used after open-heart surgery to prevent or treat low cardiac output syndrome. We sought to compare efficacy and safety of these drugs in pediatric patients.

Design:
Prospective, single-center, double-blinded, randomized clinical pilot study.

Setting:
Tertiary-care university children’s hospital postoperative pediatric cardiac ICU.

Patients:
After written consent, 50 consecutive patients (age, 0.2–14.2 yr; median, 1.2 yr) undergoing open-heart surgery for congenital malformations were included.

Interventions:
After cardiopulmonary bypass, a continuous infusion of either dobutamine or milrinone was administered for the first 36 postoperative hours. Maximum dose: dobutamine 6 µg/kg/min, milrinone 0.75 µg/kg/min.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were no significant differences in demographic data, complexity of surgery, and intraoperative characteristics between the two study groups (dobutamine vs milrinone). Efficacy was defined as need for additional vasoactive support, which did not differ between groups (dobutamine 61% vs milrinone 67%; p = 0.71). Sodium nitroprusside was used more often in the dobutamine group (42% vs 13%; p = 0.019). Systolic blood pressure showed a trend toward higher values in the dobutamine group, whereas both drugs increased heart rate early postoperatively. Echocardiography demonstrated a consistently good cardiac function in both groups. Central venous oxygen saturation, serum lactate levels, urine output, time to chest tube removal, length of mechanical ventilation, ICU, and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Both drugs were well tolerated, no serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:
Dobutamine and milrinone are safe, well tolerated, and equally effective in prevention of low cardiac output syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery. The hemodynamic response of the two drugs is comparable. In uncomplicated cases, a trend toward the more cost-saving dobutamine might be anticipated; however, milrinone demonstrated a trend toward higher efficacy in afterload reduction.
Effect of a Sepsis Educational Intervention on Hospital Stay*
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Carcillo Joseph A. , Salinas Claudia M. , Galvis Edgar F. , López Paula A. , Jagua-Gualdrón Andrés 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To evaluate adherence to the sepsis bundle before and after an educational strategy and its impact on hospital stay.

Design:
A prospective, analytic, before-and-after study of children with severe sepsis and septic shock who presented to the emergency department.

Setting:
Carried out from January to December 2014 in the emergency department of a quaternary care hospital.

Patients:
Of a total of 19,836 children who presented to the emergency department, 4,383 had an infectious pathology, with 203 of these showing severe sepsis and septic shock (124 pre intervention, and 79 post intervention).

Interventions:
The healthcare providers caring for the patients in pediatric emergency received an educational intervention and an update on the bundle concepts proposed in 2010 by the Pediatric Advanced Life Support program of the American Heart Association and adapted by this study’s investigators.

Measurements and Main Results:
The main cause of sepsis in both groups was respiratory (59 vs 33; p = 0.72), without differences in the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score (7.23 vs 8.1; p = 0.23). The postintervention group showed a reduced hospital stay (11.6 vs 7.9 d; p = 0.01), a shorter time before ordering fluid boluses (247 vs 5 min; p = 0.001), the application of the first dose of antibiotic (343 vs 271 min; p = 0.03), and a decreased need for mechanical ventilation (20.1% vs 7.5%; p = 0.01). Postintervention adherence to the complete bundle was 19.2%, compared with the preintervention group, which was 27.7% (p = 0.17).

Conclusions:
Adherence to a bundle strategy is low following an educational intervention. However, when patients are managed after instruction in guideline recommendations, hospital stay may be significantly reduced.
Late-Onset Vitamin K Deficiency Presenting as Scrotal Bruising and Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Bruns Lauren A. , Isbey Sarah , Tanverdi Melisa , Kane Ian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although there are several reports of intracranial hemorrhage associated with vitamin K deficient bleeding, there are few reported cases of extracranial manifestations, specifically involving the thymus. Here, we discuss the unique case of a 4-week-old infant presenting with scrotal discoloration, respiratory distress, and widened mediastinum, found to have thymic hemorrhage related to confirmed coagulopathy secondary to late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn.
Low-Grade Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Originating From the Medial Rectus Muscle
Authors: Yan Jianhua 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
Fibrous histiocytomas (FHs) involving the orbit are uncommon. To our knowledge, here the authors report the first patient with an orbital low-grade malignant FH originating from the medial rectus muscle.

Methods:
A clinical report relating clinical features as well as imaging and histopathologic findings is presented.

Results:
A 26-year-old female presented with a left eye proptosis that had been present for 4 months. A small left exotropia was observed and ocular motility evaluation revealed a −3 adduction and −1 abduction of the left eye. B-mode ultrasonic scans demonstrated a 2.5 × 2.0 cm mass with medium internal echo and a clear boundary located in the nasal region of the left orbit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 2.8 × 2.0 cm oval extraconal orbital mass, with isointensity on T1-weighted MRI and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. An anterior orbitotomy was performed and the tumor was completely removed. The mass originated from the medial rectus muscle. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed a low-grade malignant FH. After surgery, the left exotropia was no longer present. Ocular motility revealed a −1 adduction and −1 abduction of the left eye. No recurrence was evident at 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions:
This rare patient demonstrates that FH may originate from the medial rectus muscle. With careful surgical dissection, a near normal function of the involved muscle can be restored.
Relations Between Hyoid-Related Cephalometric Measurements and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Bilici Suat , Yigit Ozgur , Celebi Ozlem Onerci , Yasak Ahmet Gorkem , Yardimci Aytul Hande 
Published: March 2018

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the hyoid-related cephalometric measurements and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:A total of 56 subjects were evaluated by lateral cephalometric radiography and polysomnography (PSG). The OSA diagnosis was made according to the patients’ AHI. Included were 13 primary snoring, 16 mild OSA, 10 moderate OSA, and 17 severe OSA. C3-hyoid distance and mentum-hyoid distance were measured on lateral cephalogram. Cephalometric measurements and PSG parameters were compared among the different OSA groups.Results:The distance between the mentum and hyoid was significantly longer in the severe OSA group than in the primary snoring, mild OSA, and moderate OSA groups (P = 0.029). There was a significant positive correlation between the AHI value and the distance of the mentum hyoid (r = 0.368,P = 0.005). The C3-hyoid distance among the groups was not statistically significant different (P = 0.889).Conclusion:The mentum-hyoid distance of patients with severe OSA was longer compared to the other OSA groups. These patients might have more benefit from the surgeries that have an impact on the position of the hyoid bone compared to other patients with OSA.
Determining suicide risk in trauma patients using a universal screening program
Authors: Imran Jonathan B. , Richmond Robyn E. , Madni Tarik D. , Roaten Kimberly , Clark Audra T. , Huang Emily Y. , Mokdad Ali A. , Taveras Luis R. , Abdelfattah Kareem R. , Cripps Michael W. , Eastman Alexander L. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Trauma patients may be at elevated risk for subsequent suicide; however, it is unclear whether patients at risk can be identified during their initial presentation following injury. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of a standardized clinical decision support system for suicide risk screening developed by our hospital system and to determine the incidence of positive suicide screenings in our trauma population.

METHODS
Adult trauma patient screenings were performed by nursing staff during the triage process using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Clinical Practice Screener, Recent (C-SSRS). Adult trauma patients who had a suicide risk screening completed from February 2015 to November 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into cohorts consisting of those with positive and negative screening assessments. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test and a χ2 test where appropriate.

RESULTS
Overall, 3,623 of 3,712 patients (98%) completed a suicide risk screening during the study period. Those who went unscreened were not evaluated due to altered mental status/intubation/emergent surgery (97%), death (1%), or an unwillingness to cooperate (2%). The suicide risk screening result was positive in 161 of 3,623 patients (4%) in the study cohort. On univariate analysis, patients with a positive suicide risk screen result were more likely to be white (43% vs 32%; p = 0.01), identify English as their primary language (91% vs 73%; p < 0.01), have insurance coverage (48% vs 28%; p < 0.01), and were more likely to initiate a low-level trauma activation (27% vs 16%; p <0.01) than those who had a negative screening result. A positive suicide risk assessment result was moderately associated with patients of white race (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.65) on multivariable logistic regression.

CONCLUSION
Our universal suicide screening process identifies an at-risk subpopulation of trauma patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III; therapeutic, level IV.