bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of methyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C20H22BrNO3
Authors: Ren Tao-Wen , Xiao Xing-Peng , Li Bai-Yu , Zhao Yu-Mei , Peng Shao-Peng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C20H22BrNO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.597(2) Å, b = 18.236(5) Å, c = 11.640(3) Å, β = 111.355(5)°, V = 1897.3(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1240, T = 296(2) K.
Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB 1280) „Extinktionslernen“
Authors: Güntürkün Onur , Timmann-Braun Dagmar 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung

Im Juli 2017 etablierte die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft an den Standorten Bochum, Essen, Dortmund und Marburg den SFB 1280. Ziel der Forschung des SFB ist die Aufklärung der lerntheoretischen, behavioralen, neuralen, immunologischen, genetischen und klinischen Mechanismen des Extinktionslernens – der komplexesten Form des Lernens. Dieser umfassende Ansatz ist notwendig, um die verschiedenen Facetten des Extinktionslernens zu identifizieren und somit grundlagenwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in klinische Anwendungen zu überführen. Mit 60 % der Projekte ist die Ruhr-Universität Bochum Sprecherhochschule (Sprecher: Prof. Dr. Onur Güntürkün). Der zweitgrößte Teilverbund kommt aus der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Duisburg-Essen (stellvertretende Sprecherin: Prof. Dr. Dagmar Timmann-Braun). Weitere beteiligte Institutionen sind das Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund sowie das Institut für Psychologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg.
Making Memories. On the fly.
Authors: Felsenberg Johannes , Owald David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStimulus directed behavior is regulated by communication between neurons within neural circuits throughout an animal’s brain. Experience can change the dynamics of neural circuits by modifying specific synaptic connections. However, pinpointing the sites of behavioral-relevant plasticity has proven challenging. Technical advances in controlling and monitoring neural activity in behaving animals have allowed for marked progress in understanding the logic underlying learning and memory in the model systemDrosophila melanogaster. The fruit fly has a numerically simple brain and probing identified network components has become feasible. Here, we discuss cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying associative learning. We also provide insights into the computational operations encoding associative memories in the fly. Beyond their roles in learning and memory retrieval, these circuit components are recruited for the reevaluation of memories during memory extinction and reconsolidation.
Die Rolle von Histonmethylierungen in der Entwicklung des zentralen Nervensystems und bei Neuralrohrdefekten
Authors: Villarreal Alejandro , Franz Henriette , Vogel Tanja 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Es ist essenziell, die Vorgänge, die während der Entwicklung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) ablaufen, zu verstehen, um Krankheitsbilder wie Mikrozephalie oder Neuralrohrdefekte, welche aus fehlerhaften Prozessen während der Entwicklung des ZNS resultieren, zu entschlüsseln.
Preparation of nanocomposite polypyrrole/cellulose nanocrystals for conductive paper
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Ahmed A. , Wanrosli W.D. , Abdulrazak Lway Faisal , Husham M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe preparation of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was carried out by situ polymerization method. The new water dispersible sample (PPy-CNC) was deposited as a thin film on the paper sheet substrate as a conductive paper. The images of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) clearly shw the morphological modulation and the uniformity of the PPy-CNC sample. The electrical properties of conductive paper were studied with various acid doping values. The results show increase in the electrical properties along with the decrease of pH value. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) test was used to examine the stability of redox properties of the neat sample before the doping process. The mechanical properties such as tensile index and elongation at break shows slight decline with decreasing pH. However, elongation at break results for 0.65 pH sample shows different respond to pH value.
Effect of blank pre-conditioning humidity on the dimensional accuracy and rigidity of paperboard trays
Authors: Ovaska Sami-Seppo , Tanninen Panu , Saukkonen Esa , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOptimization of storage conditions is essential for successful converting of paperboard. This paper investigates the effect of blank moisture content on the dimensional accuracy and rigidity of press-formed paperboard trays. The trays were manufactured from uncoated, pigment-coated and extrusion-coated paperboards and multi-layer materials using fixed process parameters. Because of the different layer structures and coatings, the paperboards showed different hygroscopic behavior. Prior to converting trials, the bursting strength of paperboards under different moisture conditions was assessed. It was found that the moisture content has only a minor influence on bursting strength, but moisture affects blank curling tendency and dimensional accuracy of the tray. A high blank moisture content led to a loss of the dimensional stability and load-bearing capacity of trays, although based on earlier knowledge it is evident that the moisture content should be high for successful press-forming. As expected, a low blank moisture content increased the prevalence of ruptures in forming but the resulting trays were stiffer and their dimensional accuracy was better. It was suggested that the increased stiffness is related to a more efficient moisture removal during the press-forming, so that the fiber network is more effectively consolidated due to e. g. the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Effect of machine speed on formation and strength efficiency in twin-wire roll forming of never-dried unbleached softwood kraft pulp
Authors: Nordström Bengt , Hermansson Lennart 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
There is a constant drive to increase machine speed in the production of kraftliner and most other major paper grades, but the separate effect of the machine speed on the paper properties has been unclear. The effect of machine speed in twin-wire roll forming of never-dried unbleached softwood kraft pulp was evaluated here in a pilot machine investigation by examining three machine speed levels (500, 750, and 1000 m/min) over a series of jet-to-wire speed differences. Similar headbox consistency and draw from wire section to winding were employed at the different machine speed levels. An increase in the machine speed had a favorable effect on formation and Z-strength efficiency over a wide range of jet-to-wire speed differences, whereas the machine speed had an insignificant effect on tensile strength efficiency and tensile stiffness efficiency. For all properties, the overall shape of the jet-to-wire speed difference curve remained similar when changing the machine speed.
Characterizations of radicals formed in radical polymerizations and transfer reactions by electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kajiwara Atsushi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR, aka electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) investigations have been conducted on radicals formed during radical polymerizations and provide a detailed characterization of the active radical species. Active propagating radicals can be observed during actual radical polymerizations by ESR/EPR. The chain lengths of the observed radicals were estimated by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ESR/EPR. The structures of the chain end radicals were determined by analysis of the ESR/EPR spectra. An increase in the dihedral angles between terminal p-orbital of radical and Cβ–H bonds was observed with increasing chain lengths of methacrylate polymers. Radical transfer reactions were observed during radical polymerization of acrylates. A combination of ATRP and ESR/EPR clarified a 1,5-hydrogen shift mechanism of the radical transfer reactions using model adamantyl acrylate radicals. Penultimate unit effects were also observed. Time-resolved ESR/EPR (TR ESR) spectroscopy clarified the initiation processes of an alternating copolymerization of styrene with maleic anhydride and the copolymerization of styrene with 1,3-butadiene. Several unsolved problems in conventional radical polymerization processes have been clarified using combinations of ATRP with ESR/EPR and TR ESR. Characterization of the radicals in radical polymerizations using various ESR techniques would definitely provide interesting and useful information on conventional radical polymerizations.
Greener chemistry opportunities in consumer products rinse added fabric softener
Authors: Sliva Philip G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Opportunities for greener chemistry seem endless. Consumer products, which represent very large users of chemical materials, are no exception. Even products such as fabric softeners that have existed for decades need continual enhancement. Many improvements have been implemented in the chemistry used in these products; however, more is warranted. Key challenges include formula stability, raw material sourcing based on animal fats, and inability to produce concentrated, lower dose products.
Handelspolitische Strategien für die EU in der Ära Trump
Authors: Klodt Henning 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Abkehr der amerikanischen Regierung vom Leitbild des internationalen Freihandels und die Hinwendung zu einer merkantilistisch geprägten Handelspolitik sind unübersehbar. Das wird die Wohlstandsgewinne aus internationalem Handel beeinträchtigen, und zwar sowohl in den Vereinigten Staaten als auch in vielen anderen Ländern. Die avisierten Strafzölle werden keine Industriearbeitsplätze nach Amerika zurückbringen, sondern gut ausgebaute und empfindliche internationale Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke zerstören. Die Verlierer werden auch und gerade jene Industriearbeiter sein, als deren Anwalt sich Donald Trump geriert. Die EU sollte darauf verzichten, handelspolitische Vergeltungsmaßnahmen zu ergreifen. Vielmehr sollte sie ihre eigene Protektionspolitik in Frage stellen und in Verhandlungen mit den Vereinigten Staaten einen gegenseitigen Abbau von Handelsbarrieren anstreben. Darüber hinaus gilt es sich von der Illusion zu verabschieden, die WTO könne auch ohne die Unterstützung der Vereinigten Staaten wiederbelebt werden.
Sequential analysis of uranium and plutonium in environmental matrices by extractive liquid scintillation spectrometry
Authors: Reddy Priyanka J. , Pulhani Vandana , Dhole Sanjay D. , Dahiwale Shailesh S. , Bhade Sonali P. D. , Rao Devendra D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A methodology for sequential separation of uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) followed by their estimation, using extractive liquid scintillation spectrometry was standardized for matrices like soil, fish and sediment. Various parameters for selective and efficient extraction and separation of Pu and U in the presence of interfering matrix elements with HDEHP bis(2-ethylhexy1) phosphoric acid as an extracting agent were investigated. Quenching effect of the various extracting reagents on resolution of α spectrum of analytes and reduction in these interferences is discussed in the current study. Standardized procedure gave about 91% of extraction of spiked Pu into the organic phase. Performance of the method was tested by separating and estimating U and Pu in International Atomic Agency (IAEA) certified reference materials like soil/sediment/fish.
Comparison of lightweight Japanese tissues for overall stabilization of documents damaged by iron gall ink corrosion and an alternative to silk screen frames
Authors: Pataki-Hundt Andrea , Walter Cosima 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Paper documents with severe iron gall ink corrosion are difficult to handle. While a defined treatment for the chemical stabilisation exists already, methods to improve the mechanical stabilisation have yet to be developed. The degradation of the selected objects was so advanced that the documents needed special attention concerning handling and mechanical re-enforcement. After a calciumphytate-calciumhydrogen treatment, documents were lined with light weight Japanese paper and gelatine. A workflow for treating severely degraded iron gall ink documents was developed. Since the removal of objects from the silk screen frames after the wet treatment proved to be too difficult, a PE-board was introduced as an alternative washing support. Most synthetic fleeces such as Hollytex or Paraprint adhere to its granulated surface by mechanical means. This makes PE-board a practical support during any wet treatment of paper-based objects.
Empirical Bayesian approach to testing multiple hypotheses with separate priors for left and right alternatives
Authors: Bansal Naveen K. , Maadooliat Mehdi , Schrodi Steven J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe consider a multiple hypotheses problem with directional alternatives in a decision theoretic framework. We obtain an empirical Bayes rule subject to a constraint on mixed directional false discovery rate (mdFDR≤α) under the semiparametric setting where the distribution of the test statistic is parametric, but the prior distribution is nonparametric. We proposed separate priors for the left tail and right tail alternatives as it may be required for many applications. The proposed Bayes rule is compared through simulation against rules proposed by Benjamini and Yekutieli and Efron. We illustrate the proposed methodology for two sets of data from biological experiments: HIV-transfected cell-line mRNA expression data, and a quantitative trait genome-wide SNP data set. We have developed a user-friendly web-based shiny App for the proposed method which is available through URLhttps://npseb.shinyapps.io/npseb/. The HIV and SNP data can be directly accessed, and the results presented in this paper can be executed.
Letexte/discoursentre lieu d’observation et objet d’analyse : Eclairages sémantiques par le processus d’écriture
Authors: Cislaru Georgeta 
Published: July 2018

Résumé Cet article envisage la problématique des frontières du point de vue de la dynamique du processus d’écriture et de la manière dont s’y configure sémantiquement letexte/discours, pris en tant que construction dotée d’une unité globale non compositionnelle. Cette démarche introduit une perspective temporelle sur la production langagière écrite et questionne les principes d’unité et de stabilité du « produit ». Le corpus de travail est constitué de rapports de la protection de l’enfance et de leurs versions de rédaction, ainsi que des enregistrements en temps réel du processus de rédaction. L’analyse porte sur des segments de révision des rapports d’une part et sur les jets textuels, séquences langagières produites entre deux pauses lors de la rédaction en temps réel. Nous montrons que, dans cette optique, letexte/discours(en train de se configurer) est à la fois un lieu d’observation et un objet d’analyse. Les frontières entre unités langagières et unité textuelle s’estompent, l’observation des unes impliquant la compréhension de l’autre.
A nonlinear model of asset returns with multiple shocks
Authors: Kahra Hannu , Martin Vance L. , Sarkar Saikat 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A nonlinear model of asset returns allowing for multiple shocks is specified. The nonlinear features of the model are demonstrated graphically using a 3-dimensional diagram referred to as the mean impact surface. A new class of nonlinearity tests is also developed which is compared with existing testing methodologies. Applying the framework using excess returns on US and world equities the empirical results provide strong statistical evidence that domestic and foreign shocks have nonlinear effects on expected returns in the US with the effects being determined by the sign and the size of shocks. In contrast, the effects on world expected returns from shocks in the US and the world are found to react more smoothly. The empirical nonlinearities identified are also shown to be robust to alternative choices of risk factors and distributional assumptions.
Nanoscale Structuring in Confined Geometries using Atomic Layer Deposition: Conformal Coating and Nanocavity Formation
Authors: Ruff Philip , Carrillo-Solano Mercedes , Ulrich Nils , Hadley Andrea , Kluth Patrick , Toimil-Molares Maria Eugenia , Trautmann Christina , Hess Christian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nanoscale structuring in confined geometries using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is demonstrated for surfaces of nanochannels in track-etched polymer membranes and in mesoporous silica (SBA-15). Suitable process conditions for conformal ALD coating of polymer membranes and SBA-15 with inorganic oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3) were developed. On the basis of the oxide-coated layers, nanochannels were further structured by a molecular-templated ALD approach, where calixarene macromolecules are covalently attached to the surface and then embedded into an Al2O3 layer. The removal of calixarene by ozone treatment results in 1–2 nm wide surface nanocavities. Surfaces exposed to different process steps are analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as well as by X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy. The proposed nanostructuring process increases the overall surface area, allows controlling the hydrophilicity of the channel surface, and is of interest for studying water and ion transport in confinement.
Új felismerések a pitvarfibrilláció genezisében és fenntartásában: az egyénre szabott kezelés lehetőségei
Authors: Kugler Szilvia , Duray Gábor , Préda István 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Atrial fibrillation affects approximately three percent of the adults. Ablation strategies targeting the isolation of the pulmonary veins are the up-to-date cornerstones for atrial fibrillation ablations. However, a one-year success rate of repeated interventions is not more than 70%. Long-term efficacy of catheter ablation is presumably limited by electrical and structural remodeling of the atria, which results in a progressive increase in the duration of atrial fibrillation to become sustained. The potential pathophysiological importance of the epicardial adipose tissue, atrial fibrosis, autonomic nervous system and arrhythmogenic foci are documented by several studies. Increased volume, inflammation induced transformation to fibrosis and myocardial infiltration of atrial subepicardial fat in obese patients result in higher risk of atrial fibrillation development. Changes in atrial autonomic innervation under some conditions including regular physical exercise strongly promote arrhythmogenesis via the mechanism of enhanced triggered activity or abbreviated atrial refractoriness. Individualized management of possible trigger and substrate mechanisms are proposed to provide a novel basis for the effective treatment of atrial fibrillation. Pro-fibrotic signalling pathways can be inhibited by the suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Neuromodulation strategies include renal sympathetic denervation and ganglionic plexi ablation. Anticoagulation therapy has also been shown to reduce the burden of abnormal atrial remodeling. Possible novel catheter ablation techniques are used for right or left atrial linear lesions, scar homogenization and catheter ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms, rotors or ectopic foci. Beside these new management strategies, clinical consideration of factors of particular risks as obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoe are also essential. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(28): 1135–1145.
COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF STATINS PRESCRIBED AT MOST BY CLINICIANS
Authors: Sivkov A. S. , Shih E. V. , Osadchuk M. A. , Sivkova S. K. , Kireeva N. V. , Chernus N. P. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To evaluate a complex clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of statin drugs — simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia (HL).Material and methods. The assessment of clinical efficacy was done in 90 patients with HL and arterial hypertension of the grades 1 and 2, age 40-75 y.o.; some of them had coronary heart disease.Results. In 90 patients with cardiac pathology and HL, selected to 3 groups by 30 persons, the clinical efficacy of the listed statins was assessed. A significant hypolipidemic effect was noted as a decline of atherogenicity of the blood, with slight more prominent effect of rosuvastatin.Conclusion. The data makes it to conclude the simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are equally effective hypolipidemic drugs in HL type IIA and IIB patients. The time frame, type and grade of positive changes in lipid profile are almost the same, and in rosuvastatin just slightly more prominent.
SPECIFICS OF ANTIHYPERTENSION THERAPY IN HYPERTENSIVES OF VARIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (BY THE REGISTRY OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN TYUMENSKAYA OBLAST)
Authors: Efanov A. Yu. , Vyalkina Yu. A. , Petrova Yu. A. , Safiullina Z. M. , Abaturova O. V. , Shalaev S. V 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess the specifics of antihypertension therapy (AHT) in hypertensives of various cardiovascular risk, in the registry of chronic non-communicable diseases in Tyumenskaya oblast.Material and methods. A random sample studied, of 1704 patients with hypertension, inhabitants of Tyumenskaya oblast (region), ascribed to dispensary follow-up. Mean age 62±7,5 y.o. Of those 31,5% (n=537) males. The prevalence and efficacy of AHT assessed according to cardiovascular risk level. The significance was evaluated with the criteria χ2.Results. AHT was characterized by the growth of the frequency of treatment approaches with cardiovascular risk consideration. Regular treatment took 33,9% patients of low and moderate risk vs 41,3% of high and very high (p<0,01). In the male group such tendency also took place. Gender specifics of AHT was characterized by that in the groups of high and very high risk females took medications significantly more commonly than males — 46,6% vs 29,1% in high risk group (p<0,01) and 47,5% vs 30% in very high risk group (p<0,01). With the increase of the risk level, there was decline of treatment efficacy — from 95% in low risk group to 32,5% in very high risk group; 53,1% of the participants were taking monotherapy, 32,9% — two drugs, 14,0% — ≥3 drugs. With the increase of risk grade there is tendency to increase of combinational AHT, however with no significant increase of efficacy. Treatment efficacy in high and very high risk patients comparing to patients with low and moderate risk was significantly lower — 33,1% vs 69,7% (p<0,01), respectively. Statins intake among the high and very high risk patients was 10,6-11,0% males and 7,8% females (p<0,05).Conclusion. AHT in hypertensives in Tymenskaya oblast, under dispensary follow-up, is characterized by insufficient usage of combinational drugs. With the raise of cardiovascular risk there is tendency to higher rate of combinational AHT. However there is no significant increase in efficacy of treatment with the increase of medications number. A very low rate of statins intake is noted. The obtained specifics witness for the necessity to optimize AHT among the high and very high risk patients — inhabitants of Tyumenskya oblast.