bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin inhibits the migration and invasion via the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in esophagus sequamous cell carcinoma by decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression
Authors: Guo Yong , Liu Ning , Liu Kun , Gao Min 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Antitumor activity of Capsaicin has been studied in various tumor types, but its potency in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be elucidated. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism of the capsaicin-induced antitumor effects on ESCC Eca109 cells. Eca109 cells were treated with capsaicin in vitro, the migration and invasion capacities were significantly decreased by scratch assay and transwell invasion assay. Meanwhile, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (MMP-9) expression levels were also obviously down-regulated by Western blot. However, phosphorylated AMPK levels were significantly up-regulated, and this effect was eliminated by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment. In addition, capsaicin can enhance sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression, which could activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through deacetylation, and activate AMPK inducing the phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear localization of NF-κB p65. Overall, these results revealed that Capsaicin can inhibit the migration and invasion of ESCC cells via the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Bioinformatics-based discovery of PYGM and TNNC2 as potential biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Yu , Yang Ya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates and ranks as the sixth most common cancer all over the world. Despite numerous advancements in therapeutic methods, the prognosis of HNSCC patients still remains poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HNSCC progression and to identify essential genes that could serve as effective biomarkers and potential treatment targets. In the present study, original data of three independent datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and R language was applied to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). PYGM and TNNC2 were finally selected from the overlapping DEGs of three datasets for further analyses. Transcriptional and survival data related to PYGM and TNNC2 was detected through multiple online databases such as Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), cBioportal, and UALCAN. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was adopted for the validation of PYGM and TNNC2 mRNA level in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Survival curves were plotted to evaluate the association of these two genes with HNSCC prognosis. It was demonstrated that PYGM and TNNC2 were significantly down-regulated in HNSCC and the aberrant expression of PYGM and TNNC2 were correlated with HNSCC prognosis, implying the potential of exploiting them as therapeutic targets for HNSCC treatment or potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Collagen cross-linking mediated by lysyl hydroxylase 2: an enzymatic battlefield to combat fibrosis
Authors: Piersma Bram , Bank Ruud A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe hallmark of fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of collagen, ultimately leading to organ failure. It has become evident that the deposited collagen also exhibits qualitative modifications. A marked modification is the increased cross-linking, leading to a stabilization of the collagen network and limiting fibrosis reversibility. Not only the level of cross-linking is increased, but also the composition of cross-linking is altered: an increase is seen in hydroxyallysine-derived cross-links at the expense of allysine cross-links. This results in irreversible fibrosis, as collagen cross-linked by hydroxyallysine is more difficult to degrade. Hydroxyallysine is derived from a hydroxylysine in the telopeptides of collagen. The expression of lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2 (LH2), the enzyme responsible for the formation of telopeptidyl hydroxylysine, is universally up-regulated in fibrosis. It is expected that inhibition of this enzyme will lead to reversible fibrosis without interfering with the normal repair process. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of collagen modifications and cross-linking, with an emphasis on LH2-mediated hydroxyallysine cross-links, and their implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrosis.
Magnetic helicity and eruptivity in active region 12673
Authors: Moraitis K. , Sun X. , Pariat É. , Linan L. 
Published: July 2019

Context. In September 2017, the largest X-class flare of solar cycle 24 occurred from the most active region (AR) of this cycle, AR 12673. This AR attracted much interest because of its unique morphological and evolution characteristics. Among the parameters that were examined in the AR was magnetic helicity, but either only approximately, or intermittently, or both.
Aims. We here study the evolution of the relative magnetic helicity and of the two components of its decomposition, the non-potential, and the volume-threading one, in the time interval around the highest activity of AR 12673. We especially focus on the ratio of the non-potential to total helicity, which has recently been proposed as an indicator of AR eruptivity.
Methods. We first approximated the coronal magnetic field of the AR with two different optimization-based extrapolation procedures, and chose the method that produced the most reliable helicity value at each instant. Moreover, in one of these methods, we weighted the optimization by the uncertainty estimates derived from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument for the first time. We then followed an accurate method to compute all quantities of interest.
Results. The first observational determination of the evolution of the non-potential to total helicity ratio seems to confirm the quality it has in indicating eruptivity. This ratio increased before the major flares of AR 12673 and afterwards relaxed to lower values. Additionally, we discuss the evolution patterns of the various helicity and energy budgets of AR 12673 and compare them with results from other works.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungVitamin A erfüllt in seinen 3 aktiven Formen Retinol, Retinal und Retinsäure zahlreiche physiologische Funktionen, u. a. bei Genexpression und Hirnentwicklung, im Immunsystem und beim Sehvorgang. Bei vielen Stoffwechselschritten wirkt es synergistisch mit Vitamin D. Es deutet sich an, dass mind. 25 % der Bevölkerung in Deutschland die empfohlene Aufnahme von Vitamin A mit der Ernährung nicht erreichen. Die Bedarfsdeckung durch Carotinoide wurde lange überschätzt, da Absorption und Konversion interindividuell stark schwanken.
Intestinal Tuberculosis versus Crohn's Disease: Evaluating the Role of Computed Tomography Enterography in Differentiating the Two
Authors: Muslim Saniya , Bagarhatta Meenu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel disorders that are frequently misdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic resemblance. Recent trends indicate a change in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, with previously low-incidence areas now reporting a continuous rise in incidence. The rising incidence of CD in countries such as India where TB continues to be endemic has made the differentiation of these two disorders a diagnostic challenge. Misdiagnosis leads to delays in initiating effective therapy with increased morbidity and mortality, hence the importance of making an accurate diagnosis at the earliest possible stage. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography enterography findings in the differential diagnosis between ITB and CD.
Noncoding RNA in Liver Regeneration—From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications
Authors: Sergeeva Olga , Sviridov Evgeny , Zatsepin Timofei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe unique ability of the adult liver to regenerate after injury is the basis for efficient surgical resection and liver transplantation and provides solutions for the treatment of liver cancer and acute liver failure. Current success in surgical treatments could be enhanced by directed regulation of liver regeneration. A number of small molecules and growth factors have been tested in mice models to improve liver regeneration. Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNA) are less studied regulators of various cellular processes. Here, the authors carefully review ncRNA involved in liver regeneration and discuss molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks. These ncRNAs modulate the expression of pro- and antiproliferative genes allowing to orchestrate precisely the proliferation of hepatocytes. The authors expect that ncRNA will become new targets in liver regeneration due to recent progress in therapeutic nucleic acids. Among a large number of preclinical studies on ncRNA, only a few entered clinical trials, and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.
The TEFL tourist - who, what and why?
Authors: Stainton H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the characteristics and motivations of TEFL tourists, i.e. tourists that travel to teach English as a foreign language. The chapter is based on a case study in Thailand, with considerable potential for generalization in other areas. A typology of TEFL tourists in Thailand is presented, which includes the following categories: the leisure-minded tourist, the philanthropy-minded tourist, the expatriate-minded tourist, and the career-minded tourist.
The semantics of the sacred: a tool for interreligious dialogue.
Authors: Aulet S. , Sureda M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This chapter presents the phenomenon of the sacred from a conceptual and semantic point of view. It discusses how the sacred, as a central element of the science of religions, has been addressed from different perspectives (sociological, phenomenological and hermeneutic); and proposes a definition that will allow us to appreciate how the sacred can become a key tool for articulating an interreligious dialogue based on mutual understanding and respect.
Imaging of 99mTc-DMSA and 18F-FDG in humans using a Si/CdTe Compton camera
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Sakai Makoto , Torikai Kota , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Takeda Shin’ichiro , Noda Shin-ei , Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Nagao Yuto , Kikuchi Mikiko , Odaka Hirokazu , Kamiya Tomihiro , Kawachi Naoki , Watanabe Shin , Arakawa Kazuo , Takahashi Tadayuki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Compton camera can simultaneously acquire images of multiple isotopes injected in a body; therefore, it has the potential to introduce a new subfield in the field of biomedical imaging applications. The objective of this study is to assess the ability of a prototype semiconductor-based silicon/cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) Compton camera to simultaneously image the distributions of technetium (99mTc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) (141 keV emission) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) (511 keV emission) injected into a human volunteer.

99mTc-DMSA and 18F-FDG were injected intravenously into a 25-year-old male volunteer. The distributions of 99mTc-DMSA and 18F-FDG were simultaneously made visible by setting a specified energy window for each radioisotope. The images of these radiopharmaceuticals acquired using the prototype Compton camera were superimposed onto computed tomography images for reference.
The reconstructed image showed that 99mTc-DMSA had accumulated in both kidneys, which is consistent with the well-known diagnostic distribution determined by clinical imaging via single-photon emission computed tomography. In the 18F-FDG image, there is broad distribution around the liver and kidneys, which was expected based on routine clinical positron emission tomography imaging.
The current study demonstrated for the first time that the Si/CdTe Compton camera was capable of simultaneously imaging the distributions of two radiopharmaceuticals, 99mTc-DMSA and 18F-FDG, in a human body. These results suggest that the Si/CdTe Compton camera has the potential to become a novel modality for nuclear medical diagnoses enabling multi-probe simultaneous tracking.
The environmental footprint of academic and student mobility in a large research-oriented university
Authors: Arsenault Julien , Talbot Julie , Boustani Lama , Gonzalès Rodolphe , Manaugh Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Academic mobility for field work, research dissemination and global outreach is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the overall environmental footprint of research institutions. Student mobility, while less studied, also contributes to universities’ environmental footprint. Université de Montréal (UdeM) is the largest university in Montréal, Canada. It has a research budget of 450M$, employs 1426 full-time professors, and has a total student population of 33 125 undergraduate and 12 505 graduate students. To assess the footprint of academic mobility at UdeM, we surveyed the research community (n = 703; including professors, research professionals and graduate students) about their travel habits. We also measured the contribution from travel undertaken by sports teams and international students as well as students engaged in study abroad and internships programs using data provided by the university. While the average distance travelled for work and research purposes by the UdeM community is around 8525 km/person, professors travel more than 33 000 km/person per year. We also estimated that the 5785 international students or students enroled in study abroad programs travel annually around 12 600 km/person. UdeM’s per capita annual travel-related C and N footprints vary, with international students generating for example 3.85 T CO2 and 0.53 kg N while professors generate 10.76 T CO2 and 2.19 kg N. Air travel emissions are the main contributors to these footprints. We provide insights into the distribution of travel-related environmental footprint within the university, the main reasons for travelling, the most frequent destinations, and the factors preventing researchers from reducing their travel-related environmental impact.
Genetic association testing using the GENESIS R/Bioconductor package
Authors: Gogarten Stephanie M , Sofer Tamar , Chen Han , Yu Chaoyu , Brody Jennifer A , Thornton Timothy A , Rice Kenneth M , Conomos Matthew P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSummaryThe Genomic Data Storage (GDS) format provides efficient storage and retrieval of genotypes measured by microarrays and sequencing. We developed GENESIS to perform various single- and aggregate-variant association tests using genotype data stored in GDS format. GENESIS implements highly flexible mixed models, allowing for different link functions, multiple variance components and phenotypic heteroskedasticity. GENESIS integrates cohesively with other R/Bioconductor packages to build a complete genomic analysis workflow entirely within the R environment.Availability and implementationhttps://bioconductor.org/packages/GENESIS; vignettes included.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Model-based Assessment of the Effect of Contact Precautions Applied to Surveillance-detected Carriers of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Long-term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Toth Damon J A , Khader Karim , Beams Alexander , Samore Matthew H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
An intervention that successfully reduced colonization and infection with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Chicago-area long-term acute-care hospitals included active surveillance and contact precautions. However, the specific effects of contact precautions applied to surveillance-detected carriers on patient-to-patient transmission are unknown, as other, concurrent intervention components or changes in facility patient dynamics also could have affected the observed outcomes.

Methods
Using previously published data from before and after the CPE intervention, we designed a mathematical model with an explicit representation of postintervention surveillance. We estimated preintervention to postintervention changes of 3 parameters: β, the baseline transmission rate excluding contact precaution effects; δb, the rate of a CPE carrier progressing to bacteremia; and δc, the progression rate to nonbacteremia clinical detection.

Results
Assuming that CPE carriers under contact precautions transmit carriage to other patients at half the rate of undetected carriers, the model produced no convincing evidence for a postintervention change in the baseline transmission rate β (+2.1% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −18% to +28%]). The model did find evidence of a postintervention decrease for δb (−41% [95% CI, −60% to −18%]), but not for δc (−7% [95% CI, −28% to +19%]).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that contact precautions for surveillance-detected CPE carriers could potentially explain the observed decrease in colonization by itself, even under conservative assumptions for the effectiveness of those precautions for reducing cross-transmission. Other intervention components such as daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing of all patients and hand-hygiene education and adherence monitoring may have contributed primarily to reducing rates of colonized patients progressing to bacteremia.
Preventing Viral Contamination: Effects of Wipe and Spray-based Decontamination of Gloves and Gowns
Authors: Robinson Gwen L , Hitchcock Stephanie , Kpadeh-Rogers Zegbeh , Karikari Nicole , Johnson J Kristie , Blanco Natalia , Morgan Daniel J , Harris Anthony D , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe conducted a laboratory simulation to evaluate the contamination of environmental surfaces when using wipe vs spray methods of personal protective equipment (PPE) decontamination. We did not observe any environmental contamination with the bacteriophage MS-2 when bleach solution spray or wipes were used for PPE disinfection.
Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Hospitalization With Acute Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Kenyan Children
Authors: Khagayi Sammy , Omore Richard , Otieno Grieven P , Ogwel Billy , Ochieng John B , Juma Jane , Apondi Evans , Bigogo Godfrey , Onyango Clayton , Ngama Mwanajuma , Njeru Regina , Owor Betty E , Mwanga Mike J , Addo Yaw , Tabu Collins , Amwayi Anyangu , Mwenda Jason M , Tate Jacqueline E , Parashar Umesh D , Breiman Robert F , Nokes D James , Verani Jennifer R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRotavirus remains a leading cause of pediatric diarrheal illness and death worldwide. Data on rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Kenya introduced monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in July 2014. We assessed RV1 effectiveness against rotavirus-associated hospitalization in Kenyan children.MethodsBetween July 2014 and December 2017, we conducted surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in 3 Kenyan hospitals. From children age-eligible for ≥1 RV1 dose, with stool tested for rotavirus and confirmed vaccination history we compared RV1 coverage among rotavirus positive (cases) vs rotavirus negative (controls) using multivariable logistic regression and calculated effectiveness based on adjusted odds ratio.ResultsAmong 677 eligible children, 110 (16%) were rotavirus positive. Vaccination data were available for 91 (83%) cases; 51 (56%) had 2 RV1 doses and 33 (36%) 0 doses. Among 567 controls, 418 (74%) had vaccination data; 308 (74%) had 2 doses and 69 (16%) 0 doses. Overall 2-dose effectiveness was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35%–80%); effectiveness was 67% (95% CI, 30%–84%) for children aged &lt;12 months and 72% (95% CI, 10%–91%) for children aged ≥12 months. Significant effectiveness was seen in children with normal weight for age, length/height for age and weight for length/height; however, no protection was found among underweight, stunted, or wasted children.ConclusionsRV1 in the Kenyan immunization program provides significant protection against rotavirus-associated hospitalization which persisted beyond infancy. Malnutrition appears to diminish vaccine effectiveness. Efforts to improve rotavirus uptake and nutritional status are important to maximize vaccine benefit.
How HY-2A/GM altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation: assessment in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhu Chengcheng , Guo Jinyun , Hwang Cheinway , Gao Jinyao , Yuan Jiajia , Liu Xin 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
HY-2A is China's first satellite altimeter mission, launched in Aug. 2011. Its geodetic mission (GM) started from 2016 March 30 till present, collecting sea surface heights for about five 168-d cycles. To test how the HY-2A altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation, we use the least-squares collocation method to determine marine gravity anomalies on 1′ × 1′ grids around the South China Sea (covering 0°–30°N, 105°E–125°E) from the HY-2A/GM-measured geoid gradients. We assess the qualities of the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity over different depths and areas using the bias and tilt-adjusted ship-borne gravity anomalies from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) of P. R. China. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the NCEI ship-borne gravity is 5.91 mGal, and is 5.33 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the MNR ship-borne gravity is 2.90 mGal, and is 2.76 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the SIO V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A and SIO V23.1 value is 3.57 mGal in open sea areas at least 20 km far away from the coast. In general, the difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity and ship-borne gravity decreases with decreasing gravity field roughness and increasing depth. HY-2A results in the lowest gravity accuracy in areas with islands or reefs. Our assessment result suggests that HY-2A can compete with other Ku-band altimeter missions in marine gravity derivation.