bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoSe2/P3HT Hybrid Heterostructure Field‐Effect‐Transistor for Photodetection
Authors: Khanikar Prabal Dweep , Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , Sharma Sumit , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Das Samaresh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge of interest in organic–inorganic hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic devices due to their unparalleled advantages over all organic or all inorganic heterostructures. Despite substantial research, the potential of such hybrid heterostructures in phototransistor configuration has not been fully explored. Here, a hybrid phototransistor based on molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) heterojunction are reported with high n‐channel field‐effect mobility of 5.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and excellent photodetector performance. The passivation of MoSe2 by the P3HT layer helps in notable reduction in the hysteresis loop, which otherwise can cause operational instabilities and measurement uncertainties. The hybrid phototransistor exhibits a large photoresponsivity of 40.4 AW−1 and a high detectivity of 2.03 × 1010 Jones at 660 nm wavelength irradiation. More importantly, the device features a fast photoresponse speed with rise/fall time of 363/370 µs, which is superior to other hybrid phototransistors based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)‐organic heterostructures. These results highlight the potential of organic–inorganic systems as a possible avenue for developing next‐generation hybrid phototransistors.
A Multi‐Color Four‐Mode Electrochromic Window for All‐Season Thermal Regulation in Buildings
Authors: Chen Junyao , Cao Sheng , Liu Yuwei , Qin Shihua , Li Huiying , Yang Tao , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochromic windows can control the amount of sunlight entering buildings, thus enabling thermal regulation and offering a significant opportunity to reduce building energy consumption. However, current electrochromic windows encounter difficulties with multi‐color control and fully independent adjustment of visible light and near‐infrared heat. Herein, this work introduces an advanced multi‐color four‐mode dual‐band electrochromic smart window (DESW) that not only showcases various color transformations but also independently manages visible light and near‐infrared heat from solar radiation, providing year‐round thermal regulation for buildings. This device features a zinc anode with Prussian blue analogues and tungsten oxide film electrodes. Its optical state superposition effect allows for a range of color transformations (yellow, orange, green, and black), enhancing visual appeal and offering four distinct optical states for precise control of visible light and near‐infrared transmittance. Simulation results show that this device achieves greater energy efficiency than commercial glass in most global climates throughout the year. Moreover, the energy generated by this multi‐color four‐mode DESW can be used to power low‐energy devices within the building, further decreasing overall energy consumption. This research opens up extensive possibilities for smart window design and supports the development of green buildings, contributing to global carbon neutrality and sustainable development.
4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Emulsions for Smart Structures with Multiple Functionalities
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Mainik Philipp , Vazquez‐Martel Clara , Álvarez‐Solana Cristina , Blasco Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract3D printing, and more recently 4D printing, has emerged as a transformative technology for fabricating structures with complex geometries and responsive properties. However, employing functional colloidal solutions as inks for printing remains unexplored. In this work, we present a novel and versatile 4D printing approach for fabricating functional and complex‐shaped objects using polymerizable liquid crystal (LC) emulsion droplets. Leveraging a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique, we achieve rapid production of intricate 3D geometries with high resolution. The printed structures retain the LC ordering from the precursor droplets, imparting the final objects with shape memory properties, including shape fixation and recovery upon heating or light exposure. Light‐responsive behavior is introduced post‐printing by embedding an azo dye into the 3D structures. Additionally, we explore the potential to create intrinsically porous 3D structures by selectively removing non‐reactive components from the printed geometries, adding an extra level of functionality to the printed objects. Furthermore, we incorporate chiral nematic LCs into the emulsion droplets, producing 3D objects with tunable reflective properties. To our knowledge, this is the first example of DLP 3D printing with emulsions, offering an effective and versatile pathway for developing 4D‐printed materials with potential applications in optics, robotics, microfluidics, and biomedicine.
Engineered Metal–Organic Framework with Stereotactic Anchoring and Spatial Separation of Porphyrins for Amplified Ultrasound‐Mediated Pyroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Sainan , Meng Qi , Liu Zhendong , Wang Jiwei , Li Jing , Ma Xinyu , Hu Yarui , Wang Zhanfeng , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltrasound‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is pivotal in specifically inducing pyroptosis of tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of pyroptosis is generally hindered by the constraints of ROS generation efficiency. Herein, a new porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework (Fe(TCPP)‐MOF) was rationally designed via an innovative dual‐solvent strategy to amplify ROS generation for ultrasound‐controlled pyroptosis. The crystal structure of Fe(TCPP)‐MOF was elucidated by continuous rotation electron diffraction technique, revealing its regular and rigid conformation. The porphyrin molecules were precisely oriented and firmly confined within the scaffold, effectively restricting intramolecular motion. The ample distance of 6.8 Å between two porphyrin molecules, combined with the interaction region indicator visualization, confirmed the absence of π–π stacking interactions in the Fe(TCPP)‐MOF framework, thereby avoiding the aggregation‐caused quenching effect. Furthermore, the permanent porosity and expansive surface area of Fe(TCPP)‐MOF enhanced its interaction with oxygen. These ingenious structural features endowed Fe(TCPP)‐MOF with a unique ability to generate a large amount of singlet oxygen under ultrasound activation. Meanwhile, the impetus of ultrasound also accelerated the rate of the Fenton reaction catalyzed by iron ions, significantly boosting the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Benefiting from the dual amplification of ROS, Fe(TCPP)‐MOF could efficiently induce tumor cells pyroptosis under ultrasound stimulation, thereby intensifying the potency of cancer immunotherapy.
Comparative Seasonal Trends and Potential Health Impacts of Arsenic and Chromium in Surface Water after Adsorption Using Highly Dispersed Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Munonde Tshimangadzo S. , Selahle Shirley K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSurface water from springs, rivers, and dams is often used as an unconventional drinking water source in rural areas where potable water is often unavailable. However, this practice carries significant health risks due to potential contaminants. In this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) were assessed seasonally using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Highly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as adsorbents to remove As and Cr ions from various water matrices. The removal process was optimized by adjusting the mass of the nanoparticles, pH levels, and sonication time. To further understand the adsorption process, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were conducted. Physicochemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids were seasonally evaluated. The average As concentrations were in the range of 13.3–46.8 µg/L, while Cr was in the range of 1.02–5.04 µg/L. Expectedly, higher concentrations of As and Cr were observed in summer when there was intense precipitation, and the lowest concentrations were observed in winter, with little to no precipitation. The calibrated GFAAS displayed an excellent limit of detection, limit of quantification, and linearity of 0.092–0.13, 0.27–0.34, and 0.27–70 µg/L for As, while 0.031–0.07, 0.16–0.21, and 0.16–70 µg/L were attained for Cr, respectively. Arsenic levels exceeded 10 µg/L in all seasons, indicating that these concentrations were above the maximum permitted levels set by the World Health Organization and the South African National Standards. According to the health risk assessment, high As concentrations were alarming, as they were seasonally increasing, with the chronic daily intake exceeding the oral reference dose, whilst the incremental lifetime cancer risk was significantly high.
Smart pH‐responsive visual hydrophobic‐hydrophilic flexible switch based on branched polymer microcapsules
Authors: Jia Jiru , Chen Jie , Wang Wei , Ma Wei , Yang Ya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of hydrophilic‐hydrophobic switching and color‐changing functionalities into textile materials creates a synergistic effect, meeting the demands of complex application environments. This paper presents an innovative and cost‐effective approach to generating a proton‐driven smart textile with dual‐functionality, capable of switchable wettability and color modulation, by combining pH‐responsive branched polymer microcapsules (PRBMs) with conventional textile materials. The prepared PRBMs are spherical with a rough surface, exhibiting dynamic swelling (diameter of 110 nm) in acidic aqueous solutions and reversible contraction (diameter of 70 nm) in neutral or alkaline aqueous solutions. Depositing PRBMs onto polyester fabric imparts pH‐responsive wettability to the fabric surface. As a result, the fabric displays hydrophobic in neutral or alkaline aqueous solutions (pH 7), exhibiting a contact angle greater than 140°, and becomes superhydrophilic when exposed to acidic aqueous solutions (pH 3), with a contact angle of 25° within 120 s. Notably, the fabric also undergoes significant reversible color changes under different pH levels while maintaining good water vapor permeability and breathability, suitable for the pH range of human skin. This one‐step strategy achieves a flexible, visible hydrophobic‐hydrophilic switch, marking a significant advancement in the field of smart textiles and promoting their further development.
Design and synthesis of pyridazin‐4‐one derivatives as necroptosis inhibitors
Authors: An Yuxiang , Peng Xia , Wang Tianchen , Liu Kaiyuan , Feng Dazhi , Fang Chen , Zhou Xuan , Geng Meiyu , Duan Wenhu , Ai Jing , Zhang Hefeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNecroptosis is a regulated inflammatory cell death process that is closely associated with autoimmune diseases, acute ischemic injuries, neurodegenerative disorders, and so on. Due to the crucial role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the necroptosis pathway, RIPK1 inhibitors are believed to have great potential in the treatment of necroptosis‐related diseases. In this article, we reported a series of pyridazin‐4‐one derivatives as potent necroptosis inhibitors for both human and mouse cells. The representative compound 13 exhibited favorable RIPK1 selectivity and dose‐dependently inhibited RIPK1 phosphorylation. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated that compound 13 was an orally available candidate. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the binding pattern of compound 13 with RIPK1. Collectively, compound 13 represents a promising lead compound for the future development of RIPK1‐targeted necroptosis inhibitors.
Concanavalin A–activated magnetic nanoparticles as an affine material for urinary exosome isolation
Authors: Krasitskaya Vasilisa V. , Drandrova Kristina A. , Tyumentseva Anna V. , Vazhenina Irina G. , Lukyanenko Anna V. , Stolyar Sergey V. , Frank Ludmila A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExosomes are a type of membrane vesicle secreted into the extracellular medium by most cell types. They have a great potential for clinical practice as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases, prognosis, and monitoring of therapy, which stimulates the development of simple methods for isolating exosomes from biological fluids. A novel affine material based on aminosilanized superparamagnetic core‒shell nanoparticles for fast isolation of urinary exosomes is reported. Iron oxide nanoparticles coated with amino organosilane have been synthesized. The structural and magnetic characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and ferromagnetic resonance. The surface of the synthesized nanoparticles has been chemically functionalized with lectin (concanavalin A), and the efficiency of the obtained material as a sorbent for affine exosome isolation from human urine has been demonstrated. A highly purified fraction of exosomes 90–200 nm in size has been obtained. The exosomal nature of the isolated vesicles has been confirmed by bioluminescent solid‐phase microassay of tetrasporine receptor markers. The presence of exosomal miR‐21 in the isolated human urine exosome samples has been established.
EEG Spectral Power Changes in Patients With Dysexecutive Syndrome Following Cognitive Intervention
Authors: Lebely Claire , Lepron Evelyne , Bigarre Ines , Hamery Caroline , De Boissezon Xavier , Scannella Sebastien 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcquired brain injury (ABI) leads to cognitive deficiencies, alteration of brain activity associated with an increase in slow‐wave (delta and theta bands) power, and reduced fast‐wave (alpha, beta, and gamma bands) power. To compensate for the cognitive deficits that impact autonomy and quality of life, patients in a chronic phase can benefit from cognitive intervention.ObjectiveThis study explores the effects of cognitive intervention on brain activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), and on executive functioning, assessed by the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery.MethodWe provided an ecological rehabilitation intervention, simulating real‐life tasks adapted for patients with chronic cognitive disorders. A single‐case experimental design (SCED) assessed patients' performance in terms of correct responses percentage (CRs) and reaction times (RTs), and EEG spectral powers before and 1 month after the intervention. The TAP tasks included working memory (WM), divided attention (DA), inhibition (GO), and flexibility (FL). EEG frequency powers were also measured during resting states.ResultsOne month after the intervention, significant improvements were observed in CRs and RTs for the FL task. Increases in all frequency band powers occurred during FL, WM, and DA tasks, except for alpha bands in DA. In the GO task, delta and gamma power also increased after the intervention. No significant changes were found during resting‐state EEG. The results of this open study, without a control group, are preliminary.ConclusionThe effects of the therapy are mostly reflected by changes in mental FL performance and altered EEG patterns during cognitive tasks, particularly in slow and fast‐frequency bands. We argue that cognitive intervention could amplify the compensatory mechanisms following brain damage and/or ease restoration mechanisms in the fast‐frequency activity bands. Further SCEDs or studies with control groups are needed to confirm these findings and the role of EEG biomarkers in rehabilitation.
Detailed Analysis of the Palmomental Reflex and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Ma Benxu , Zhang Jianying , Cui Yanlei , Gao Huanmin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThis comprehensive review thoroughly explores the clinical significance of the palmomental reflex (PMR) in neurological disorders. PMR is a primitive reflex that, when reemerging in adults, indicates underlying neurological dysfunction.MethodThe article elaborates on the clinical assessment techniques, neurophysiological basis, and applications of PMR in various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.FindingBy understanding the modulation and suppression mechanisms of PMR, valuable insights into the specific neurological impairments associated with these disorders can be gained.ConclusionThe potential of PMR as a diagnostic marker, prognostic indicator, and treatment monitoring tool is increasingly evident.
University and college counselling services in Scotland: One‐on‐one counselling amid the student mental health crisis
Authors: Feeny Annabella , dos Santos Sousa Fabienne , Wessel Pierre Musa Halime 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionScotland is facing a student mental health crisis. With 60% of university students and 54% of college students reporting moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of depression in recent research (Maguire & Cameron, 2022; Maguire et al., 2022), Scottish university and college counselling services have emerged as an indispensable source of support for students. Although counselling services may be involved in many activities, one of their primary functions is to provide one‐on‐one counselling to students experiencing mental health difficulties.ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide a better understanding of the challenges facing Scottish university and college counselling services in providing effective and accessible one‐on‐one counselling.MethodsWe filed Freedom of Information requests to all 27 registered colleges and 19 Scottish universities to request quantitative data on their counselling services.Results and DiscussionWe identified three key challenges facing university and college counselling services. First, we demonstrate that demand for college and university counselling services has rapidly increased over the past decade, resulting in longer waiting times for one‐on‐one counselling at several institutions. Second, we demonstrate that male students and first‐year students are underrepresented in counselling, which may reflect structural barriers in accessing counselling support. Lastly, we found that even though most university and college counselling services are not designed to offer long‐term counselling support for ‘at‐risk students’, few institutions have set up external referral pathways into community mental health teams. The college and university sector must address these challenges to ensure equitable access for effective counselling support for all students.
Counsellor considerations for providing helpful therapy practices for clients living with low income
Authors: Rego Skylar , Lengyell Marguerite , Finnigan Charlotte , Jay Melissa , Brown Jason 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with low income frequently face unique challenges and stressors that heighten their need for mental health support. However, research on the most effective interventions for enhancing services for this population is limited. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring counsellors' perspectives on what has been helpful when working with low‐income populations.MethodsCounsellors were invited to share their personal and professional experiences through interviews, responding to the question, ‘What have you found to be the most helpful aspects of counselling with clients facing low income?’. Counsellors were also invited to complete a sorting task using the interview responses.ResultsThe sorted responses were analysed using Group Concept Mapping, identifying six key concepts: accessibility to counselling services, providing advocacy and resources, addressing basic needs, therapeutic approaches, therapeutic relationship, and understanding barriers.ConclusionThese results were contextualised within the existing literature, and recommendations were offered for counselling practices and future research.
Therapeutic Potential of Propolis Extract in Managing Hyperinflammation and Long COVID‐19: A Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Anshori Isa , Marcius Donny , Syaifie Putri Hawa , Siregar Khalish Arsy Al Khairy , Syakuran Luqman Abdan , Jauhar Muhammad Miftah , Arda Adzani Gaisani , Shalannanda Wervyan , Mardliyati Etik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHyperinflammation is a significant factor in long COVID, impacting over 65 million post‐COVID‐19 individuals globally. Herbal remedies, including propolis, show promise in reducing severity and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, the natural pharmacological role of propolis in COVID‐19 management remains underexplored. Employing network pharmacology and in silico techniques, we assessed propolis extract's potential in countering SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced inflammation. We identified 80 flavonoids via LC–MS/MS QTOF and employed 11 anti‐inflammatory drugs as references for inflammation target fishing. Utilizing in silico techniques encompassing target fishing, molecular docking, and dynamics, we examined propolis' effects. We identified 1105 gene targets connected to inflammation through multiple validated target predictors. By integrating SARS‐CoV‐2 DEGs from GSE147507 with these targets, we identify 25 inflammation‐COVID‐19‐associated propolis targets, including STAT1, NOS2, CFB, EIF2K2, NPY5R, and BTK. Enrichment analyses highlighted primary pharmacological pathways related to Epstein‐Barr virus infection and COVID‐19. Molecular docking validated isokaempferide, iristectorigenin B, 3′‐methoxypuerarin, cosmosiin, and baicalein‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, which exhibited strong binding affinity and stability with relevant genes. Moreover, our findings indicate that propolis ligands could potentially suppress reactivation of Epstein‐Barr Virus infections in post‐COVID‐19 cases. However, this study has a limitation in that the concentration of each propolis compound has not been quantified. Therefore, further exploration of propolis compounds quantification and experimental validation are needed to support these findings.
Characterization of Color Appearance of Self‐Luminous Highlights Under HDR Scenes, Part I: Brightness for Neutral Stimuli
Authors: Wang Hongbing , Wei Minchen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTColor appearance characterization of stimuli is important in color science, with great efforts made to develop uniform color spaces (UCSs) and color appearance models (CAMs). These UCSs and CAMs, however, were mainly developed for stimuli with luminance below the diffuse white in a standard dynamic range (SDR) scene. This study was carefully designed to investigate the color appearance of self‐luminous highlight stimuli, in terms of relative brightness, in a high dynamic range (HDR) scene, and to see whether a new model for characterizing the brightness of highlights is needed. The observer viewed a dark stimulus (Stimulus 0) and a self‐luminous highlight (Stimulus 2) simultaneously under a certain diffuse white luminance level, which was an HDR scene, and adjusted the luminance of the other self‐luminous highlight (Stimulus 1) so that its brightness appeared in the middle of Stimuli 0 and 2. The luminance of Stimulus 2 was designed to as high as 49 000 cd/m2, the luminance contrast between Stimulus 2 and Stimulus 0 was as high as 72 045:1, and the diffuse white luminance level was designed to between 10 and 11 000 cd/m2. The results suggested that the UCSs and CAMs adopting a power function to characterize the non‐linear relationship between the relative luminance and perceived lightness (e.g., IPT, CIECAM02, and CIELAB) had much better performance to characterize the relative relationship of the lightness among the stimuli. Significant variations, however, were found among these UCSs and CAMs in characterizing the absolute magnitude of lightness and chroma, which merits further investigations.