bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-based antibiotic use in patients withMycobacterium aviumcomplex
Authors: Ricotta Emily E. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Lai Yi Ling , Prevots D. Rebecca , Adjemian Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

Treatment guidelines exist for pulmonaryMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) infection, although studies suggest poor concordance in clinician practice. Using a national database including hospital encounters of laboratory-confirmed MAC patients, we sought to characterise US treatment practices.We assessed patients in the Premier Healthcare Database from 2009 to 2013 with two or more MAC-positive cultures or one MAC-positive culture and the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) code for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM). Treatment was characterised by patient-, provider- and facility-level factors; significant differences were assessed (p<0.05). Multilevel Poisson regression estimated adjusted relative risks (aRR) of receiving guidelines-based or macrolide resistance-promoting regimens.Of 1326 MAC patients, 645 (49%) received treatment: 10% received guidelines-based treatment and 18% resistance-associated therapy. Patients were more likely to receive guidelines-based therapy if they had multiple hospital encounters (aRR 1.5), codes for PNTM (aRR 5.7) or tuberculosis (aRR 4.5) or radiological procedures (aRR 10.9); multiple hospital encounters (aRR 0.8) or a tuberculosis code (aRR 0.1) were less likely to be associated with receiving resistance-promoting regimens.In hospital-based MAC patients, half received antibiotics active against MAC, a low proportion received therapy based on MAC guidelines and many received antibiotics that promote macrolide resistance. Improved implementation of guidelines-based treatment is needed to decrease use of regimens associated with macrolide resistance.
De novo recruitment of Polycomb-group proteins in Drosophila embryos
Authors: Alhaj Abed Jumana , Ghotbi Elnaz , Ye Piao , Frolov Alexander , Benes Judith , Jones Richard S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Polycomb-group (PcG)-mediated transcriptional repression of target genes can be delineated into two phases. First, following initial repression of target genes by gene-specific transcription factors, PcG proteins recognize the repressed state and assume control of the genes' repression. Second, once the silenced state is established, PcG proteins may maintain repression through an indefinite number of cell cycles. Little is understood about how PcG proteins initially recognize the repressed state of target genes and the steps leading to de novo establishment of PcG-mediated repression. We describe a genetic system in which a Drosophila PcG target gene, giant (gt), is ubiquitously repressed during early embryogenesis by a maternally expressed transcription factor, and show the temporal recruitment of components of three PcG protein complexes: PhoRC, PRC1 and PRC2. We show that de novo PcG recruitment follows a temporal hierarchy in which PhoRC stably localizes at the target gene at least 1 h before stable recruitment of PRC2 and concurrent trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). The presence of PRC2 and increased levels of H3K27me3 are found to precede stable binding by PRC1.
The RhoGAP HUM-7/Myo9 integrates signals to modulate RHO-1/RhoA during embryonic morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wallace Andre G. , Raduwan Hamidah , Carlet John , Soto Martha C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
During embryonic morphogenesis, cells and tissues undergo dramatic movements under the control of F-actin regulators. Our studies of epidermal cell migrations in developing Caenorhabditis elegans embryos have identified multiple plasma membrane signals that regulate the Rac GTPase, thus regulating WAVE and Arp2/3 complexes, to promote branched F-actin formation and polarized enrichment. Here, we describe a pathway that acts in parallel to Rac to transduce membrane signals to control epidermal F-actin through the GTPase RHO-1/RhoA. RHO-1 contributes to epidermal migration through effects on underlying neuroblasts. We identify signals to regulate RHO-1-dependent events in the epidermis. HUM-7, the C. elegans homolog of human MYO9A and MYO9B, regulates F-actin dynamics during epidermal migration. Genetics and biochemistry support that HUM-7 behaves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the RHO-1/RhoA and CDC-42 GTPases. Loss of HUM-7 enhances RHO-1-dependent epidermal cell behaviors. We identify SAX-3/ROBO as an upstream signal that contributes to attenuated RHO-1 activation through its regulation of HUM-7/Myo9. These studies identify a new role for RHO-1 during epidermal cell migration, and suggest that RHO-1 activity is regulated by SAX-3/ROBO acting on the RhoGAP HUM-7.
Centriole planar polarity assessment in Drosophila wings
Authors: Garrido-Jimenez Sergio , Roman Angel-Carlos , Alvarez-Barrientos Alberto , Carvajal-Gonzalez Jose Maria 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
In vertebrates, planar polarization of ciliary basal bodies has been associated with actin polymerization that occurs downstream of the Frizzled-planar cell polarity (Fz-PCP) pathway. In Drosophila wing epithelial cells, which do not have cilia, centrioles also polarize in a Fz-PCP-dependent manner, although the relationship with actin polymerization remains unknown. By combining existing and new quantitative methods, we unexpectedly found that known PCP effectors linked to actin polymerization phenotypes affect neither final centriole polarization nor apical centriole distribution. But actin polymerization is required upstream of Fz-PCP to maintain the centrioles in restricted areas in the apical-most planes of those epithelial cells before and after the actin-based hair is formed. Furthermore, in the absence of proper core Fz-PCP signalling, actin polymerization is insufficient to drive this off-centred centriole migration. Altogether, the results reveal that there are at least two pathways controlling centriole positioning in Drosophila pupal wings – an upstream actin-dependent mechanism involved in centriole distribution that is PCP independent, and an unknown mechanism that links core Fz-PCP and centriole polarization.
Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Optical Resolution and Transformation to Optically Active π-Stacked Molecules
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this article, our recent results from practical optical resolution methods of disubstituted and tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane compounds and their transformations are described. The obtained enantiopure [2.2]paracyclophane compounds have been used as chiral building blocks to prepare optically active π-stacked molecules. π-Stacked molecules construct optically active second-ordered structures, such as V-, N-, M-, X-, triangle-shaped, and one-handed double helical structures, due to the orientation of stacked π-electron systems. They emit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) by photo-excitation. [2.2]Paracyclophane-based chiral π-stacked molecules in this article emit brightly owing to good photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies as well as large molar extinction coefficients. In particular, emission is of course CPL with a large disymmetry factor (glum value). It is basically difficult to achieve CPL with high brightness, high PL efficiency, and large glum value by using other chiral scaffolds; therefore, planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane is an ideal scaffold to be an excellent CPL emitters.
Quantifying steroid hormones in amniotic fluid by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rivet Noëllie , Jamey Carole , Reix Nathalie , Kintz Pascal , Heil Martin , Erdmann Kathrin , Körner Lisa M. , Lawrenz Judith , Fröhlich Susanne , Kozlowski Peter , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Tegethoff Marion , Raul Jean-Sébastien 
Published: November 2018

Background: Simultaneous assessment of steroid hormone concentrations in amniotic fluid is of importance for elucidating long-term consequences of intrauterine processes, and of broad scientific and clinical relevance. The objective of the study was to develop sensitive and specific analytical ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for determination of steroid hormone concentrations in human amniotic fluid, and to provide proof-of-concept of their applicability. Methods: Methods were validated according to linearity, limit-of-detection, limit-of-quantification, recovery, intra- and inter-assay precision, and applied to 275 amniotic fluid samples. Results: Limits-of-quantification (S/N=10:1) were 0.05 ng/mL for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, and 0.01 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL for cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), respectively. Good inter- and intra-assay precision were observed. Cortisol, cortisone, DHEAS, estradiol and estriol concentration were quantified in all samples. By lack of sensitivity of the analytical method, DHEA was quantified in 11 samples only. Testosterone was quantified in 119 of 275 samples analyzed. 116 of the quantified testosterone samples were from male offspring (out of 138 male offspring). Conclusion: These specific and sensitive methods offer a simple and non-invasive way to measure cortisol, cortisone, DHEAS, estradiol, estriol, and testosterone concentrations in human amniotic fluid.
Genomic and transcriptomic comparisons of closely related malaria parasites differing in virulence and sequestration pattern
Authors: Lin Jing-wen , Reid Adam J. , Cunningham Deirdre , Böhme Ulrike , Tumwine Irene , Keller-Mclaughlin Sara , Sanders Mandy , Berriman Matthew , Langhorne Jean 
Published: November 2018

Background: Malaria parasite species differ greatly in the harm they do to humans. While P. falciparum kills hundreds of thousands per year, P. vivax kills much less often and P. malariae is relatively benign. Strains of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi show phenotypic variation in virulence during infections of laboratory mice. This make it an excellent species to study genes which may be responsible for this trait. By understanding the mechanisms which underlie differences in virulence we can learn how parasites adapt to their hosts and how we might prevent disease. Methods: Here we present a complete reference genome sequence for a more virulent P. chabaudi strain, PcCB, and perform a detailed comparison with the genome of the less virulent PcAS strain. Results: We found the greatest variation in the subtelomeric regions, in particular amongst the sequences of the pir gene family, which has been associated with virulence and establishment of chronic infection. However, despite substantial variation at the sequence level, the repertoire of these genes has been largely maintained, highlighting the requirement for functional conservation as well as diversification in host-parasite interactions. However, a subset of pir genes, previously associated with increased virulence, were more highly expressed in PcCB, suggesting a role for this gene family in virulence differences between strains. We found that core genes involved in red blood cell invasion have been under positive selection and that the more virulent strain has a greater preference for reticulocytes, which has elsewhere been associated with increased virulence. Conclusions: These results provide the basis for a mechanistic understanding of the phenotypic differences between Plasmodium chabaudi strains, which might ultimately be translated into a better understanding of malaria parasites affecting humans.
Disjunctive Programming for Multiobjective Discrete Optimisation
Authors: Bektaş Tolga 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, I view and present the multiobjective discrete optimisation problem as a particular case of disjunctive programming where one seeks to identify efficient solutions from within a disjunction formed by a set of systems. The proposed approach lends itself to a simple yet effective iterative algorithm that is able to yield the set of all nondominated points, both supported and nonsupported, for a multiobjective discrete optimisation problem. Each iteration of the algorithm is a series of feasibility checks and requires only one formulation to be solved to optimality that has the same number of integer variables as that of the single objective formulation of the problem. The application of the algorithm shows that it is particularly effective when solving constrained multiobjective discrete optimisation problem instances. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0804 .
A Fibroblast Growth Factor Antagonist Peptide Inhibits Breast Cancer in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mehrzad , Mousavizadeh Kazem , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Bahremani Mohammad Hashemi , Safa Majid , Asghari S. Mohsen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveGiven the role of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) in tumor growth, it has been considered as a potential target for tumor therapy. In this study, we investigate the effect of bFGF antagonistic peptide on the growth and angiogenesis of 4T1 mammary carcinoma tumor (MCT) in BALB/c mice.MethodsAn engineered peptide was injected into BALB/c mice in doses of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 were conducted as indices of angiogenesis. In addition, blood samples were taken from the eyes of treated and control mice and the levels of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Data was analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS.ResultsThe antagonistic peptide inhibited growth and angiogenesis of MCT (P ≤0.05), and decreased the serum level of IL-8 and TNF-α in treated groups compared to the control groups.ConclusionThe inhibition of tumor angiogenesis has been considered as an important strategy to halt tumor growth. The results of current study confirm that the antiangiogenic peptide effectively inhibited the growth of MCT, and shows potential for clinical trials for the treatment of cancer in humans.
Stimmigkeit als Geltungsanspruch
Authors: Jung Matthias , Schlette Magnus 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Meanings are felt and lived by the human organism before they are articulated. Following insights from pragmatism and embodied cognition, this paper suggests that there is an ‘appropriate’ relationship between what is meant and was is expressed in words and actions that can be formulated as a hitherto neglected yet crucial validity claim, namely congruity (Stimmigkeit). Congruity is what connects the meaningfulness implicit in living a life with the articulated meanings of symbolic communication. We distinguish between the intertwined aspects of (1) semiotic congruity, the fusion between sensual patterns and semiotic meanings, (2) performative congruity, the freedom and ability to articulate qualitatively experienced meaningfulness, and (3) hermeneutic congruity, the capability of achieving congruence between situational meanings and one’s entire being-in-the-world. The latter presupposes a synthesis of horizontal (biographical and experiental) and vertical (pertaining to the relation between the several strata of cultural meanings) congruity.
Modified flash flood potential index in order to estimate areas with predisposition to water accumulation
Authors: Tincu Roxana , Lazar Gabriel , Lazar Iuliana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to bring a series of changes to the potential flashed-flood index proposed and used by Smith (2003), to estimate floodplains in the upper part of Trotus Basin. Trotuş Basin is located in the central - eastern part of the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) having an area of 4.456 km2. The Trotus Basin is recognized as a basin where floods occur frequently due to climatic factors (precipitation, air temperature and winds) as well as due to the morphological characteristics (altitude, slope and versants orientation) that favour the formation of these phenomena. To develop a modified Flash Flood Potential Index was used six physical-geographical factors: land use, soil texture, rock’s permeability, slope, profile curvature and flow accumulation. Each thematic layer has been classified in five classes, from 1 to 5, where 1 means a low contribution and 5 a strong contribution of factors in water accumulation and each factor was weighted according to its importance. The result was a grid layer representing the flood potential index. The maximum flood hazard was associated with an area of approximate 10% from the studied surface. To see the contribution of each factor in the achievement of this index a multiple linear regression was made. The result shows that three variables are statistically significant and explain 91.6% from the model. This means that MFFPI can be obtained only from these three significant factors (flow accumulation, profile curvature and land cover) in order to identify areas with flood predisposition, the non-significant variables being removed. In order to verify these results the obtained MFFPI was compared with the flood hazard map for this area and the procedure showed that this index can be used in the identification of the flood-predisposed areas.
Galoisian and qualitative approaches to linear Polyanin-Zaitsev vector fields
Authors: Acosta-Humánez Primitivo B. , Reyes-Linero Alberto , Rodriguez-Contreras Jorge 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study a particular parametric family of differential equations, the so-called Linear Polyanin-Zaitsev Vector Field, which has been introduced in a general case in [1] as a correction of a family presented in [2]. Linear Polyanin-Zaitsev Vector Field is transformed into a Liénard equation and, in particular, we obtain the Van Der Pol equation. We present some algebraic and qualitative results to illustrate some interactions between algebra and the qualitative theory of differential equations in this parametric family.
Intelligent Monitoring Network Construction based on the utilization of the Internet of things (IoT) in the Metallurgical Coking Process
Authors: Gan Jianhou , Wang Xingchao , Zhou Juxiang , Tang Lin , Yuan Lingyun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), a new and important research direction is possible using IoT to solve the problems of information and intelligence in the metallurgical industry. This paper proposes an intelligent monitoring network based on networking technology and uses the coking process as the research object. The construction of a coking process intelligence monitoring network should focus on the formation of a perception layer network and build on a ZigBee mesh clustered network. Moreover, it also puts forward a network routing establishment and data transmission mechanism. This study provides an effective reference for the wide application of the IoT in the intelligent management and monitoring of the metallurgical process.
The Social Brain Automatically Predicts Others' Future Mental States
Authors: Thornton Mark A. , Weaverdyck Miriam E. , Tamir Diana I. 
Published: November 2018

Social life requires people to predict the future: people must anticipate others' thoughts, feelings, and actions to interact with them successfully. The theory of predictive coding suggests that the social brain may meet this need by automatically predicting others' social futures. If so, when representing others' current mental state, the brain should already start representing their future states. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI to measure female and male human participants' neural representations of mental states. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural patterns associated with mental states currently under consideration resembled patterns of likely future states more so than patterns of unlikely future states. This effect manifested in activity across the social brain network and in medial prefrontal cortex in particular. Repetition suppression analysis also supported the social predictive coding hypothesis: considering mental states presented in predictable sequences reduced activity in the precuneus relative to unpredictable sequences. In addition to demonstrating that the brain makes automatic predictions of others' social futures, the results also demonstrate that the brain leverages a 3D representational space to make these predictions. Proximity between mental states on the psychological dimensions of rationality, social impact, and valence explained much of the association between state-specific neural pattern similarity and state transition likelihood. Together, these findings suggest that the way the brain represents the social present gives people an automatic glimpse of the social future.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen you see a ball in flight, your brain calculates, not just its static visual features such as size and shape, but also predicts its future trajectory. Here, we investigated whether the same might hold true in the social world: when we see someone flying into a rage, does our brain automatically predict their social trajectory? In this study, we scanned participants' brain activity while they judged others' mental states. We found that neural activity associated with a given state resembled activity associated with likely future states. Additionally, unpredictable sequences of states evoked more brain activity than predictable sequences, consistent with monitoring for, and updating from, prediction errors. These results suggest that the social brain automatically predicts others' future mental states.