bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic analysis and protective measures of transient ground potential rise in a 1000 kv UHV substation
Authors: Pang Fubin , Bu Qiangsheng , Liu Yu , Yuan Yubo 
Published: October 2018

With the continuous expansion of power grid capacity and growth of voltage levels, the transient ground potential rise (GPR) caused by the switchgear operation has become great threaten to the safety of the grid. In the startup operation of 500 kV part of Taizhou 1000 kV ultra‐high voltage (UHV) substation, the electromagnetic lock installed in the switchgear filed was broken by the GPR in case of switchgear operation. There are two possible transmission paths of the GPR, one is the ground copper bar connecting the ground and the other is the control cable connecting the control cabinet and electromagnetic lock. In order to find out the transmission path of the electromagnetic disturbance, the experiment is carried out to distinguish the two possible paths. The waveform of the GPR in case of switchgear operation from different measuring points are recorded and compared, the results are analysed by comparing the signal characteristics and the transmission path is eventually diagnosed. Finally, the protective measures are proposed by wrapping the control wires with the conductive metal cube to reduce the influences of GPR. The outcomes in the study provide beneficial methods to analyse the GPR disturbance and positive guidance for the protection of locally installed equipment.
Research on the design principle of the contact terminal in large DC current loop of ±800 kV, 10,000 MW UHVDC converter station
Authors: Chen Peng , Lu Dongsheng , Ma Liang 
Published: October 2018

The abnormal heating phenomena of contact terminal in large DC current loop of the ultra‐high voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter station became one of the most serious problems, which caused serious impact on the operation reliability of the power grid. Based on existing codes and standards of contact terminal temperature rise and the results of large current temperature rise test, the design principle of the contact terminal in large DC current loop of DC voltage ±800 kV, capacity 10,000 MW converter station is put forward and introduced detailedly in this study. Then, taking the design of three typical contact terminals in large DC current loop of Taizhou ±800 kV converter station as an example, the infrared temperature measurement results of contact terminals on the large current operation condition are analysed. The infrared temperature measurement results indicate that the design principle of the contact terminal in large DC current loop proposed in this study is able to meet the requirements of existing codes and standards of the temperature (temperature rise) limit of the contact terminal. This design principle is significant to improve the maintenance ability and operation reliability of the UHVDC converter station.
Multi‐layer power system tearing methodology for EMT‐TS hybrid parallel simulation
Authors: Mu Qing , Zhang Xing , Gong Chunming , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2018

Due to the fast development of UHVDC, the power transferring through HVDCs takes a great part of the power from West China to East China. The response for multiple‐coupled HVDCs can only be simulated through EMT programmes. To increase the simulation accuracy, the EMT‐TS Hybrid simulation has been used in studies of the power system operation. Currently, the EMT‐TS hybrid simulation speed is too slow to be unaffordable. This paper presents a novel power system tearing technology to greatly improve the simulation speed in EMT‐ST Hybrid Simulation. The TS network is teared according to obtain network islands as many as possible, while the EMT network is teared through the combined transmission line and electric nodes. An algorithm is supposed to form the EMT‐ST sub‐network groups, which has no coupling with each other. Then, a novel parallel programme structure is proposed to use this EMT‐ST sub‐network groups to realise the parallel simulation and speedup the simulation. The case studies of the grids with seven HVDCs and 3000 nodes show that the proposed method could greatly improve the simulation speed without lowering precision.
Exploration of FPGA‐based electromagnetic transient real‐time simulation system design using high‐level synthesis
Authors: Li Qiao , Xiang Yinxing , Mu Qing , Zhang Xing , Li Xiongfei , He Guanghui 
Published: October 2018

Field‐programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based simulation system is applied in real‐time electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation for small time‐step simulation. However, the FPGA‐based simulation system requires handcrafted hardware description language (HDL) and significant design efforts. This paper explores FPGA‐based EMT real‐time simulation system design using high‐level synthesis (HLS) technology to accelerate the design process and improve the flexibility, because high‐level language can be transferred into HDL using HLS. Furthermore, loop unroll and pipeline optimisation directives are analysed and applied for HLS to improve the computation speed of the components. The system can simulate various components, including switches, R‐L‐C, voltage sources, current sources, and transmission lines. Especially, the system adopting double‐precision floating‐point calculation can support the network with 74 nodes and achieve 2 us for each small time step on Xilinx Virtex7‐690 T FPGA. Comparison of simulation results from offline simulation tools with those from the proposed simulation system validates the correctness of the FPGA‐based EMT simulation system using HLS technology.
Investigation of the crosswind effect on the performance of the atmospheric air purification tower
Authors: Zhu Xincai , Wang Yingjia , Zou Zheng , Gong Hengxiang , Liu Zhuang , Yan Wen 
Published: October 2018

To handle the increasingly serious air pollution issue, the concept of atmospheric air purification tower already has been proposed. The first prototype of such a novel system had been built in Xi'an, China. The aim of this study is to numerically study how the crosswind affects the dust removal performance of the atmospheric air purification tower and which counter‐wind strategy is optimal choice. To achieve that, a three‐dimensional model considering the external environment was developed in ANSYS Fluent. With the help of the proposed model, the benefits of three wind breaking designs were quantified and compared. The results showed that the design with inner union‐jack shaped wind break walls is the optimal for the atmospheric air purification tower. It can maintain the dust removal rate of the system at relatively high level (3.5 kg/h) no matter what crosswind intensity is.
Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy for the SMA Syndrome
Authors: Ehlers Till-Oliver , Tsamalaidze Levan , Pereira Lucio , Stauffer John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) was first described by Rokitansky in 1842. Clinical symptoms include postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Duodenojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for patients with SMAS. We now present a case of a young female with SMAS who successfully underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy.
Indications The first line treatment for SMAS is medical management, which includes infusion therapy, bowel rest, parenteral nutrition and a nasojejunal feeding tube inserted into the jejunum past the obstruction. If medical therapy fails, surgery is recommended.
Procedure A symptomatic patient with body mass index (BMI) of 19.4 kg/m2 underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. The patient tolerated the procedure well. The post-operative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged after three days. On six month follow up, the patient had gained weight and her symptoms were completely resolved.
Conclusion SMAS is still a poorly recognised pathology. A high index of suspicion should be given for patients with unclear causes of postprandial nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, especially in young females. A laparoscopic approach seems to be safe and effective for patients with SMAS.
Aneurysmaruptur der abdominalen Aorta
Authors: Makaloski Vladimir , Schmidli Jürg , Wyss Thomas 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Aneurysmaruptur der abdominalen Aorta ist eine lebensbedrohliche Situation. Aktuell sind die offene und endovaskuläre Behandlungsmethode in hochspezialisierten Zentren gleichwertig mit niedrigen Mortalitätsraten (15 – 20%). Das individuelle Patientenmanagement ist wichtiger als die gewählte Behandlungsoption. Die permissive Hypotonie mit Flüssigkeitsrestriktion sowie die geeignete Aneurysmaanatomie für die endovaskuläre Behandlung haben einen positiven Einfluss auf das Überleben. Koronare Herzkrankheit, chronische Niereninsuffizienz und schwerer hypovolämischer Schock haben einen negativen Einfluss auf das Überleben. Die Re-Interventionsrate nach endovaskulärer Versorgung ist deutlich höher als nach offenem Ersatz und erfordert lebenslange Nachkontrollen.
Regulatory T cells and their potential for tolerance induction in haemophilia A patients
Authors: Königs C. , Schmidt A. ,   ABIRISK consortium
Published: October 2018

SummaryFVIII inhibitors still are the major concern in treatment of haemophilia A patients by FVIII replacement therapy. Immune tolerance induction to reverse inhibitor formation fails in about 30% of treated patients. These patients face increased morbidity and mortality producing a need for new therapy strategies in the treatment of FVIII inhibitor-positive patients. Regulatory T cells are important modulators of the immune response and are also involved in the immune response to FVIII in haemophilia A patients. Additionally, regulatory T cells have been shown to play a role in tolerance induction induced by multiple experimental treatment regimes.This review summarises the current knowledge on the role of regulatory T cells in the immune response to FVIII and tolerance induction strategies. Additionally, possible ways to engineer regulatory T cells as therapeutic agent in haemophilia A and current challenges of regulatory T cell therapies are discussed.
Routine measurement of serum calcitonin in patients with nodular thyroid disorders?
Authors: Wieler H. , Schmidt M. , Schwab R. , Goretzki P. E. , Schicha H. , Dietlein M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn spite of the fact that the German Society of Endocrinology has recommended calcitonin as screening-parameter the majority of physicians in Germany do not routinely use calcitonin in patients with thyroid nodules to exclude medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The future revision of the recommendation should describe reference values for each commercially available assay, separately for men and women (basal and after pentagastrin-stimulation), and should define sonomorphological inclusion criteria. The epidemiological database of the prevalence of MTC is controversial and the specificity of basal elevated calcitonin levels is limited up to the 5-fold of the upper reference level. If renal insufficiency, bacterial infection, and an alcohol- or druginduced stimulation of calcitonin is excluded, hypercalcitoninaemia should be confirmed by a second measurement (if necessary using another assay). Stimulation of calcitonin by use of pentagastrin is mandatory prior to the decision on thyroidectomy. A stimulated calcitonin level <100 pg/ ml justifies “wait and see”. If stimulated calcitonin levels range between 100 and 200 pg/ml or higher, the differentiation between C-cell hyperplasia and MTC remains uncertain, especially in men. The implementation of calcitonin- screening requires the definition of sonographic inclusion criteria and validation of each assay. Additional prerequisites are excellent logistic (short period between blood sampling and start of the laboratory test), knowledge of differential diagnoses, knowledge of the consumption of drugs and alcohol, availability of pentagastrin-testing and of moleculargenetic testing with full information to the patients and sufficient time before the decision on surgery is made. All this and the choice of a skilled surgeon, experienced in thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy with a low rate of local complications are the rationale to recommend calcitonin-screening primarily in centers for thyroid disorders.
Cross-evaluation of Pharmacokinetic-Guided Dosing Tools for Factor VIII
Authors: Preijers T. , van Moort I. , Fijnvandraat K. , Leebeek F. , Cnossen M. , Mathôt R. ,   for the ‘OPTI-CLOT’ Study Group
Published: October 2018

Background Patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A are treated prophylactically with factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. Individualization of prophylaxis can be achieved by pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided dosing.
Aim In this study, the performance of three PK tools (myPKFiT, Web-Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service-Hemophilia [WAPPS] and NONMEM) is compared.
Methods In 39 patients, with severe or moderate haemophilia A, blood samples were collected 4, 24 and 48 hours after administration of 50 IU kg−1 of recombinant FVIII (Advate [n = 30] or Kogenate [n = 9]). FVIII dose, FVIII activity and patient characteristics were entered into the three PK tools. Obtained PK parameters and dosing advises were compared.
Results myPKFiT provided PK parameters for 24 of 30 patients receiving Advate, whereas WAPPS and NONMEM provided estimates for all patients. Half-life was different among the three methods: medians were 12.6 hours (n = 24), 11.2 hours (n = 30) and 13.0 hours (n = 30) for myPKFiT, WAPPS and NONMEM (p < 0.001), respectively. To maintain a FVIII trough level of 0.01 IU mL−1 after 48 hours, doses for myPKFiT and NONMEM were 15.1 and 11.0 IU kg−1 (p < 0.01, n = 11) and for WAPPS and NONMEM were 9.0 and 8.0 IU kg−1 (p < 0.01, n = 23), respectively. In nine patients receiving Kogenate, WAPPS and NONMEM produced different PK-parameter estimates; half-life was 15.0 and 12.3 hours and time to 0.05 IU mL−1 was 69.2 and 60.8 hours, respectively (p < 0.01, n = 9). However, recommended doses to obtain these levels were not different.
Conclusion The three evaluated PK tools produced different PK parameters and doses for recombinant FVIII. Haematologists should be aware that recommended doses may be influenced by the choice of PK tool.
Global Geriatric Assessment and In-Hospital Bleeding Risk in Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights from the LONGEVO-SCA Registry
Authors: Ariza-Solé Albert , Guerrero Carme , Formiga Francesc , Aboal Jaime , Abu-Assi Emad , Marín Francisco , Bueno Héctor , Alegre Oriol , López-Palop Ramón , Vidán María , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , Díez-Villanueva Pablo , Vilardell Pau , Sionis Alessandro , Vives-Borrás Miquel , Sanchís Juan , Bañeras Jordi , Rafecas Agnès , Llibre Cinta , López Javier , González-Salvado Violeta , Cequier Àngel ,   On Behalf of the LONGEVO-SCA Registry Investigators
Published: October 2018

Background Bleeding risk scores have shown a limited predictive ability in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). No study explored the role of a comprehensive geriatric assessment to predict in-hospital bleeding in this clinical setting.
Methods The prospective multicentre LONGEVO-SCA registry included 532 unselected patients with non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTEACS) aged 80 years or older. Comorbidity (Charlson index), frailty (FRAIL scale), disability (Barthel index and Lawton–Brody index), cognitive status (Pfeiffer test) and nutritional risk (mini nutritional assessment-short form test) were assessed during hospitalization. CRUSADE score was prospectively calculated for each patient. In-hospital major bleeding was defined by the CRUSADE classification. The association between geriatric syndromes and in-hospital major bleeding was assessed by logistic regression method and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).
Results Mean age was 84.3 years (SD 4.1), 61.7% male. Most patients had increased troponin levels (84%). Mean CRUSADE bleeding score was 41 (SD 13). A total of 416 patients (78%) underwent an invasive strategy, and major bleeding was observed in 37 cases (7%). The ability of the CRUSADE score for predicting major bleeding was modest (AUC 0.64). From all aging-related variables, only comorbidity (Charlson index) was independently associated with major bleeding (per point, odds ratio: 1.23, p = 0.021). The addition of comorbidity to CRUSADE score slightly improved the ability for predicting major bleeding (AUC: 0.68).
Conclusion Comorbidity was associated with major bleeding in very elderly patients with NSTEACS. The contribution of frailty, disability or nutritional risk for predicting in-hospital major bleeding was marginal.
Implementing Software Development Guidelines in a Medical Informatics Research Project
Authors: Spreckelsen C. , Weßel C. , Ißler L. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objectives
: Due to the non-commercial, researchoriented context, software in medical informatics research projects is often developed by researchers as a proof-of-concept without applying structured software development process models. A guideline for software development can bring sufficient structure to the development process while avoiding the complexity of industry-standard methods.

Methods
: We adapted the common evidence-based guideline development process from medicine to build a guideline for software development in our medical informatics teaching and research project.

Results
: Our guideline development used the six steps of problem identification, first proposal, review, revision, gaining consensus and periodic guideline review. Since the developers had taken part in guideline development, our guideline clearly states the consensus of the development team over critical topics. The guideline improved the quality of our source code in structure and understandability.

Conclusions
: A software development guideline that is developed following a consensus panel approach is a good instrument for basic software quality assurance in domains where complex, industry-standard software development methods cannot be applied. This is especially the case in non-commercial, research- oriented medical informatics projectswhere mainly non-software engineers like students do the development work.
Direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Voigtlaender M. , Langer F. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at increased risk for both bleeding and VTE recurrence. Anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the standard of care during the initial and longterm treatment phase (i.e. during the first 3–6 months of therapy) based on its overall beneficial safety and efficacy profile compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran are approved for the treatment of acute VTE, and the combined six phase-3 trials have included > 1 500 patients with active cancer, as defined by variable selection criteria. Subgroup analyses of these patients, either pooled or separately reported, suggest that DOACs could be a safe and efficacious alternative to VKA therapy for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. However, the populations of cancer patients included in the DOAC and LMWH trials are not comparable with regard to mortality and VTE risk, and no specific data from direct head-to-head comparisons of DOACs with LMWHs are currently available. The use of DOACs for the management of VTE in cancer is thus not recommended by clinical practice guidelines.
Image Analysis and Modeling in Medical Image Computing
Authors: Deserno T. M. , Meinzer H.-P. , Tolxdorff T. , Handels H. 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Background: Medical image computing is of growing importance in medical diagnostics and image-guided therapy. Nowadays, image analysis systems integrating advanced image computing methods are used in practice e.g. to extract quantitative image parameters or to support the surgeon during a navigated intervention. However, the grade of automation, accuracy, reproducibility and robustness of medical image computing methods has to be increased to meet the requirements in clinical routine.
Objectives: In the focus theme, recent developments and advances in the field of modeling and model-based image analysis are described. The introduction of models in the image analysis process enables improvements of image analysis algorithms in terms of automation, accuracy, reproducibility and robustness. Furthermore, model-based image computing techniques open up new perspectives for prediction of organ changes and risk analysis of patients.
Methods: Selected contributions are assembled to present latest advances in the field. The authors were invited to present their recent work and results based on their outstanding contributions to the Conference on Medical Image Computing BVM 2011 held at the University of Lübeck, Germany. All manuscripts had to pass a comprehensive peer review.
Results: Modeling approaches and model-based image analysis methods showing new trends and perspectives in model-based medical image computing are described. Complex models are used in different medical applications and medical images like radiographic images, dual-energy CT images, MR images, diffusion tensor images as well as microscopic images are analyzed. The applications emphasize the high potential and the wide application range of these methods.
Conclusions: The use of model-based image analysis methods can improve segmentation quality as well as the accuracy and reproducibility of quantitative image analysis. Furthermore, image-based models enable new insights and can lead to a deeper understanding of complex dynamic mechanisms in the human body. Hence, model-based image computing methods are important tools to improve medical diagnostics and patient treatment in future.
The World Health Assembly Resolutions on eHealth: eHealth in Support of Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Al-Shorbaji N. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe World Health Assembly (WHA) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and three of the six WHO Regional Committees adopted a number of resolutions on eHealth: the use of information and communication technology for health. These resolutions have given legitimacy to eHealth as an area of work for WHO and its member states. The implementation of these resolutions will contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Universal Health Coverage. eHealth has been per -ceived as reducing the cost of healthcare, improving quality and equitable access to health services.