bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waterpipe device cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking in homes in the USA
Authors: Kassem Nada OF , Kassem Noura O , Liles Sandy , Reilly Erin , Kas-Petrus Flora , Posis Alexander Ivan B , Hovell Melbourne F 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo quantify postsmoking waterpipe tobacco (WPT) waste and describe postsmoking waterpipe (WP) device cleaning practices and disposal of associated waste in home settings.MethodsWe analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years. Data were collected at a home visit during which participants smoked one WPT head and completed a self-administered questionnaire on WP cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with WPT use. Research assistants provided and prepared a WP for participants by weighing and loading 10 g of WPT in the WP head and placing 470 mL of water in the WP bowl. At the completion of the smoking session, research assistants measured the remaining WPT and water. Descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 10 g of fresh WPT used for each smoking session, 70.1% (mean=7.01 g) was discarded postsmoking as waste; for each 470 mL of water used in the WP bowl, 94.3% (mean=443 mL) was discarded. WP device cleaning practices ranged from never cleaning the device to cleaning it after each smoking session. Respondents reported discarding smoked WPT residue in the trash (81.6%) or the kitchen sink (14.3%) and discarding postsmoking charcoal in the trash (57.6%), the kitchen sink (27.3%) or backyard soil (9.1%). Respondents reported discarding smoked WP water in the kitchen sink (76.5%), bathroom sink (14.7%), toilet (2.9%) and backyard soil (5.9%).ConclusionsInterventions and regulations are needed to inform proper WP device cleaning practices and disposal of waste associated with WPT use.Trial registration numberNCT03253653.
Mismatches in spatial scale of supply and demand and their consequences for local welfare in Scottish aquaculture
Authors: O’Higgins Tim , Alexander Karen , Graziano Marcello 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mismatches in spatial scales, or spatial disconnections between causes and effects of ecosystem degradation, can reduce resilience in social–ecological systems. These mismatches can be particularly disruptive in coastal and marine areas, where multiple social and ecological systems are multi-layered. Scotland’s Western Isles have a history of local resource exploitation to meet extra-regional, larger-scale demands, which has resulted in a long process of socio-demographic decline. Salmon aquaculture is a major and expanding industry in the area, often linked to “Blue Growth”. The expansion of this industry operates within and contributes to create several scale mismatches. Combining a systems approach across nested scales with a classification of scale mismatches, this work analyses the characteristics of the Western Isles salmon aquaculture industry, and it explores effects on social–ecological resilience. An extent scale mismatch between the global stocks offish-meal species and the local capacity to respond to fluctuations is identified. The implications for this mismatch for the Western Isles are discussed. Some potential policy arrangements for incorporating matched spatial scales are considered.
Time-Resolved MRI Assessment of Convection-Enhanced Delivery by Targeted and Nontargeted Nanoparticles in a Human Glioblastoma Mouse Model
Authors: Stephen Zachary R. , Chiarelli Peter A. , Revia Richard A. , Wang Kui , Kievit Forrest , Dayringer Chris , Jeon Mike , Ellenbogen Richard , Zhang Miqin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) provides direct access of infusates to brain tumors; however, clinical translation of this technology has not been realized because of the inability to accurately visualize infusates in real-time and lack of targeting modalities against diffuse cancer cells. In this study, we use time-resolved MRI to reveal the kinetics of CED processes in a glioblastoma (GBM) model using iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) modified with a glioma-targeting ligand, chlorotoxin (CTX). Mice bearing orthotopic human GBM tumors were administered a single dose of targeted CTX-conjugated NP (NPCP-CTX) or nontargeted NP (NPCP) via CED. High-resolution T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and quantitative T2 MRI were utilized to image NP delivery in real time and determined the volume of distribution (VD) of NPs at multiple time points over the first 48 hours post-CED. GBM-specific targeting was evaluated by flow cytometry and intracellular NP localization by histologic assessment. NPCP-CTX produced a VD of 121 ± 39 mm3 at 24 hours, a significant increase compared with NPCP, while exhibiting GBM specificity and localization to cell nuclei. Notably, CED of NPCP-CTX resulted in a sustained expansion of VD well after infusion, suggesting a possible active transport mechanism, which was further supported by the presence of NPs in endothelial and red blood cells. In summary, we show that time-resolved MRI is a suitable modality to study CED kinetics, and CTX-mediated CED facilitates extensive distribution of infusate and specific targeting of tumor cells.

Significance:
MRI is used to monitor convection-enhanced delivery in real time using a nanoparticle-based contrast agent, and glioma-specific targeting significantly improves the volume of distribution in tumors.
Resenha de 'As cores da masculinidade: experiências interseccionais e práticas de poder na Nossa América', de Mara Viveros Vigoya
Authors: Souza Henrique Restier da Costa 
Published: July 2019

Referência completa:
Vigoya, Mara Viveros. As cores da masculinidade: experiências interseccionais e práticas de poder na Nossa América. Rio de Janeiro: Papéis Selvagens, 2018.
Recent Myocardial Infarction is Associated With Increased Risk in Older Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke Receiving Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Inohara Taku , Liang Li , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D. , Xian Ying 
Published: July 2019

Background

Intravenous recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt
PA
) remains the only medical therapy to improve outcomes for acute ischemic stroke (
AIS
), but the safety of rt
PA
in
AIS
patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction (
MI
) remains controversial.

Methods and Results

We sought to determine whether the presence of recent
MI
would alter the risk of mortality and rt
PA
‐related complications. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare in‐hospital outcomes between rt
PA
‐treated
AIS
patients with recent
MI
within 3 months and those with no history of
MI
from the Get With The Guidelines‐Stroke hospitals between February 2009 and December 2015. Among 40 396
AIS
patients aged ≥65 years treated with rt
PA
, 241 (0.6%) had recent
MI
, of which 19.5% were ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Patients with recent
MI
had more severe stroke than those without (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [interquartile range]: 13.0 [7.0–20.0] versus 11.0 [6.0–18.0]). Recent
MI
was associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with no history of
MI
(17.4% versus 9.0%; adjusted odds ratio 1.60 [95% CI, 1.10–2.33];
P
=0.014), but no statistically significant differences in rt
PA
‐related complications (13.5% versus 9.4%;
adjusted odds ratio
1.28 [0.88–1.86];
P
=0.19). Recent
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
was associated with higher risk of death and rt
PA
‐related complications, but non–
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
was not.

Conclusions

Among older
AIS
patients treated with rt
PA
, recent
MI
was associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether the benefit of rt
PA
outweighs its risk among
AIS
patients with recent
MI
.
Colloquium 1 The Argumentative Unity of Plato’s Parmenides
Authors: Horan David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper argues that the resolution of the dilemma of participation presented in the first part of Plato’s Parmenides is a central purpose of the arguments of the first hypothesis and the beginning of the second hypothesis in the second part of the dialogue. I maintain that the training demonstrated by Parmenides in the first and second hypotheses, by shifting the consideration away from sense objects to intelligible objects and away from forms to the one, enables Parmenides to develop an understanding of what it means for anything to be one. This understanding shows that multiplicity is not inimical to the one remaining one when participated in. It argues for an intelligible one that is divisible and still remains one when divided. The model of participation in the second part of the dialogue differs from that in the first part where the dilemma of participation initially arises, insofar as there is a strong ontological connection in part two between the one and whatever participates in the one, a connection that is not present in part one, where sense objects participate in intelligible forms. I conclude by taking stock of how far the resolution of the dilemma of participation has been progressed to resolution by 144e7 and what problems still remain to be analysed and resolved.
Colloquium 2 Genesis and the Priority of Activity in Aristotle’s Metaphysics IX.8
Authors: Sentesy Mark 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper clarifies the way Aristotle uses generation (γένεσις) to establish the priority of activity (ἐνέργεια) in time and in being. It opens by examining the concept of genetic priority. The argument for priority in beinghood has two parts. The first part is a synthetic argument that accomplishment (τέλος) is the primary kind of source (ἀρχή), an argument based on the structure of generation. The second part engages three critical objections to the claim that activity could be an accomplishment: (i) activity appears to lack its own structure; (ii) activity is different in kind from the object it accomplishes; and (iii) activity is external to its accomplishment. Aristotle responds to these objections by analyzing the structure of generation. In the course of the argument, Aristotle establishes that beinghood and form are activity.
Colloquium 2 Commentary on Sentesy
Authors: Shartin Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As Aristotle’s treatments of substance and change develop from the Categories through the middle books of the Metaphysics, his interest in living things as the best examples of substances becomes more evident. Reading Metaphysics IX.8 against the background of these developments can help us better understand that chapter’s discussion of the priority of actuality to potentiality.
Colloquium 3 Language as Technē vs. Language as Technology: Plato’s Critique of Sophistry
Authors: Schindler D.C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This essay argues that the difference between philosophy and sophistical rhetoric that Plato presents in the Gorgias turns most fundamentally on different conceptions of the nature of language. After presenting some of the decisive moments in the debate between Socrates and Polus, Gorgias, and Callicles, this essay draws on the discussion of technē in Republic I to elucidate the “precise” sense of technē: namely, technē is ordered to the benefit of that over which it is set. The essay also draws on the discussion of names in the Cratylus to show that the (proto-)technē that is language, considered most precisely, is ordered to the manifestation of the truth of being more basically than to communication. Sophistry, by contrast, presumes what the essay calls a “technological” interpretation of language, which is essentially indifferent to being, and is ordered instead simply to communication, now understood principally in the mode of manipulative persuasion.
Colloquium 3 Commentary on Schindler
Authors: Latona Max J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This essay responds to D.C. Schindler’s “Language as Technē vs. Language as Technology,” which argues that, for Plato, language is a craft that has for its subject matter being itself. While Schindler’s thesis is consistent with what we know as the Platonic philosophical project, it raises several questions. First, does being, as the subject matter of language, constitute a determinate subject matter, such as is required by all crafts? Second, does the ordinary language user meet the epistemic bar of a true craftsman, who possesses a rigorous knowledge of his or her subject matter? And third, in as much as Plato himself expresses doubt about our ability to master reality through language (given the propensity for language to deceive), is it feasible to see linguistic competence as a form of technical mastery?
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a patient with suspected hereditary von Willebrand disease and severe gastrointestinal bleeding – a case report
Authors: Mirna Moritz , Lichtenauer Michael , Theurl Thomas , Ausserwinkler Mathias , Topf Albert , Westphal Theresa , Gampenrieder Simon Peter , Pretsch Ingrid , Greil Richard , Hoppe Uta C 
Published: July 2019

Introduction von Willebrand disease is the most common hereditary coagulopathy and is characterised by a deficiency in the quantity or quality of the von Willebrand factor. Heyde Syndrome, in contrast, is an acquired form of von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) due to calcific aortic valve stenosis, characterised by gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia. Case presentation A 73-year-old patient presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding and stated that she suffered from hereditary von Willebrand disease. Upon echocardiography, a severe aortic valve stenosis was found, and hence the suspicion of additional AVWS was raised. Since endoscopic interventions and conservative therapeutic approaches did not result in a cessation of the bleeding, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed to stop the additional shear stress on von Willebrand factor. This resulted in cessation of the bleeding. Conclusion Retrospectively, this life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding was a result of severe Heyde Syndrome, which could be alleviated by TAVI. Whether the patient had suffered from inherited von Willebrand disease in the past, remains uncertain. AVWS should be considered in patients with suspected inherited von Willebrand disease and concomitant severe aortic valve stenosis, since it constitutes a treatable cause of a potentially severe bleeding disorder.
Unstable shoes for the treatment of lower back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bai Deng-Yan , Yuan Zhi-Guo , Shao Jian-Jun , Zhu Tao , Zhang Hai-Jun 
Published: July 2019

Objective: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the treatment effects of unstable shoes and flat shoes on lower back pain patients. Data sources: Literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (up to June 2019), were searched systematically. Review methods: Two authors independently screened the retrieved records and identified the randomized controlled trials where patients with lower back pain who wore unstable shoes as intervention and wore flat shoes as a control. Relevant data were extracted for meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess the pooled outcome evidence levels. Results: Five randomized controlled trials and 251 patients were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that there was a tendency toward a reduction in the Roland–Morris disability questionnaire score (mean difference (MD) –2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) –4.28 to −0.03, I2 = 53%) and pain score (MD −0.84, 95% CI −1.66 to −0.02, I2 = 84%) in patients wearing unstable shoes compared to those wearing flat shoes. There was no significant difference in the life quality scores between the unstable shoe and flat shoe groups (MD −0.59, 95% CI −6.18 to 5.01, I2 = 0%). Functional disability and pain scores were determined to have very low-quality evidence, and life quality scores were determined to have low-quality evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Unstable shoes may be effective in treating lower back pain in the clinic, but the conclusion was limited by the current low-quality studies.
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI T1 relaxometry as an imaging-based liver function test compared with 13C-methacetin breath test
Authors: Theilig Dorothea , Tsereteli Ana , Elkilany Aboelyazid , Raabe Philip , Lüdemann Lutz , Malinowski Maciej , Stockmann Martin , Pratschke Johann , Hamm Bernd , Denecke Timm , Geisel Dominik 
Published: July 2019

Background Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used as an imaging-based liver function test. This study aims to further corroborate its validity. Purpose To compare Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI as an imaging-based liver function test with the 13C-methacetin breath test. Material and Methods Fifty-three patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI T1 relaxometry before and 20 min after intravenous Gd-EOB-DTPA administration as well as a 13C-methacetin breath test (LiMAx test) were retrospectively analyzed. T1 relaxation times of liver parenchyma, total liver volume (TLV), and functional liver volume (FLV) were determined. Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed with indices derived from T1 relaxometry, liver volumetry, and laboratory parameters to identify the best predictor of liver function as determined by the LiMAx test. Results T1 reduction rate (T1 RR), T1 RR × TLV, T1 RR × FLV, and T1 relaxation time 20 min after intravenous Gd-EOB administration showed a statistically significant correlation with LiMAx and discriminatory capacity between patients with LiMAx of > and < 315 µg/kg/h. Of the indices investigated, T1 RR showed the best discriminatory capacity and proved to be the only statistically significant parameter in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI as an imaging-based liver function test also correlates with the LiMAx test which in turn reflects cytochrome P450 function. The T1 reduction rate of the liver on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI allows prediction of liver function as determined by the LiMAx test both for 1.5 and 3.0 T.
Moderate chronic kidney disease and left atrial enlargement independently predict thromboembolic events and mortality in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Wang Hai-jun , Li Kai-liang , Li Jian , Lin Kun , Shi Yang , Wang Hao , Si Quan-jin , Wang Yu-tang 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and left atrial enlargement on the risks of thromboembolic events, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods We retrospectively studied 751 patients (82.16% men, mean age: 79.0±9.1 years) with AF who were followed up for an average of 34.5 months at a single center. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of risk factors for adverse clinical events were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The risks of thromboembolic events, and all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were higher in patients with moderate CKD compared with patients with normal renal function after adjusting for other traditional risk factors (HR: 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.58; HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.23; HR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.57–7.74; respectively). Left atrial volume index >28.0 mL/m2 was an independent risk factor associated with thromboembolic events and all-cause and cardiovascular deaths (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21–2.33; HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.16–2.10; HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.07–3.28; respectively). Conclusions Moderate CKD and left atrial enlargement may predict thromboembolic events, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in elderly patients with AF without anticoagulation therapy.
The pathogenicity of rmpA or aerobactin-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae in infected mice
Authors: Li Guili , Sun Shuhong , Zhao Zhong Yuan , Sun Yunfang 
Published: July 2019

Objectives To investigate the pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) possessing rmpA or the aerobactin gene in infected mice. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and infected with: string test-positive and rmpA-positive or aerobactin-positive KPN (group 1), string test-negative but rmpA-positive KPN (group 2), string test-negative but aerobactin-positive KPN (group 3), or string test- and rmpA/aerobactin-negative KPN (group 4). Mouse survival time was compared among groups, and the infection of livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys and KPN growth were assessed in infected mice. Results Compared with the negative group (group 4), the survival rates of mice infected with rmpA- or aerobactin-positive KPN (groups 1–3) were significantly lower, their multi-organ injuries were significantly more severe, and bacterial enumeration was significantly higher. Conclusions Despite being string test-negative, aerobactin- or rmpA-positive KPN still exhibit high virulence and anti-immune effect activity. Therefore, the combination of the string test and gene detection of aerobactin and rmpA will be helpful in screening hypervirulent KPN.
Response profiles of circulating leukocytes and metal ions in patients with a modular dual-mobility hip implant
Authors: Markel David , Bou-Akl Theresa , Rossi Maria , Pizzimenti Natalie M , Wu Bin , Ren Wei-Ping 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate blood metal ion levels and leukocyte profiles in patients with modular dual-mobility hip implant (MDM) during a postoperative follow-up up to 2 years. Methods: We recruited 49 patients in a retrospective cohort study and had postoperative follow-up up to 2 years. Blood concentrations of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and serum cytokines were measured. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the subpopulations of leukocytes, including CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD19+ B lymphocytes, CD4+ Helper T-cells and CD45+RA memory vs. naïve T-cells. Results: Clinical performances of implants were good during 2 years of follow-up. Cr levels were normal in all patients and only detectable in 1 patient (1.4µg/L, ref < 5.0µg/L). Co levels were mildly elevated in 4 patients at 1 year (mean 1.375µg/L, range 1.2–1.7µg/L, ref < 1.0µg/L) and in 2 patients at 2-year follow-up (both 1.2µg/L). Interestingly, Co level observed in 3 patients at 1 year converted to undetectable at their 2-year follow-up. Percentages of B cells, T cells and their subpopulations were within normal levels. There was no increase of CD16+ inflammatory monocytes. Discussion: With the recent introduction of MDM systems there is potential for metal ion release from the interface between the acetabular shell and CoCr liner. Clinical results have been good and metal levels undetectable or within acceptable ranges at 1–2 years. There was no evidence of activated immune response, as manifested by constant circulating leukocyte profiles and no increase of CD16+ inflammatory monocytes.