bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic source evaluation: addressing the container conundrum
Authors: Russo Alyssa , Jankowski Amy , Beene Stephanie , Townsend Lori 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper argues that information containers provide valuable context clues that can help students make choices about how to engage with information content. The authors present a strategic approach to source evaluation rooted in format and authority threshold concepts.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors developed a source evaluation strategy with the objective of deciding whether to trust an information source. This strategy involves a set of cues to help readers mindfully engage with both the container and content of a given source.

Findings
When conducting research, non-experts are asked to evaluate content in the absence of relevant subject expertise. The cues presented in this paper offer practical tactics informed by the concepts of authority (to help make an accessible judgment of intellectual trust) and format (to help make more informed decisions about the content they find in a browser).

Originality/value
While librarians have produced many evaluative models and checklists to help students evaluate information, this paper contributes a unique strategic approach grounded in two information literacy threshold concepts – format and authority – and enacted through a series of actions drawn from website evaluation models, fact-checking, and metacognitive exercises.
Defect minimization and process improvement in SMT lead-free solder paste printing: a comparative study
Authors: Asghar Rafiq , Rehman Faisal , Aman Ali , Iqbal Kashif , Nawaz Agha Ali 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and minimize the printing-related defects in the surface mount assembly (SMA) process.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses an experimental approach to explore process parameter and printing defects during the SMA process. Increasing printing performance, various practices of solder paste (Ag3.0/Cu0.5/Sn) storage and handling are suggested. Lopsided paste problem is studied by varying squeegee pressure and the results are presented. Unfilled pads problems are observed for ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat package (QFP) which is mitigated by proper force tuning. In this paper, a comparative study is conducted which evaluates the manifestation of printing offset due to low-grade stencil. The input/output (I/O) boards were oxidized when the relative humidity was maintained beyond 70 per cent for more than 8 h. This pad oxidation problem is overcome by proper printed circuit board (PCB) handling procedures. When the unoptimized line is used, the paste wedged in the stencil and influences the performance of the screen printer, for this reason, an optimized line is proposed that minimize the printing defects.

Findings
The key findings are as follows: in the SMA process, printing quality is directly associated with solder paste quality. Experimentally, it is observed that a considerable variance in solder deposition occurred when the front and rear squeegee have different configurations. High-grade and unsoiled stencil results in superior paste deposition and less distinction. Insufficient solder paste and bridge problems also occur in printing when PCB pads are oxidized. Optimized line resolves solder paste clog issues, associated with stencil’s aperture. The cooling arrangement on the conveyor, after reflow, explicates hot jig problem. Control environmental conditions minimized static charges and printing defects.

Originality/value
The preceding studies emphasis mostly on the squeegee pressure, while other important parameters are not completely investigated. Moreover, it is very imperative to concurrently measure all parameters while varying the environmental conditions. This study highlights and provides an experimental approach to various PCB printing defects, and a comparative study has been conducted that concurrently measure all process parameters.
Complex associations between cross‐kingdom microbial endophytes and host genotype in ash dieback disease dynamics
Authors: Griffiths Sarah M. , Galambao Marciana , Rowntree Jennifer , Goodhead Ian , Hall Jeanette , O’Brien David , Atkinson Nick , Antwis Rachael E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTree pathogens are a major threat to forest ecosystems. Conservation management strategies can exploit natural mechanisms of resistance, such as tree genotype and host‐associated microbial communities. However, fungal and bacterial communities are rarely looked at in the same framework, particularly in conjunction with host genotype. Here, we explore these relationships and their influence on ash dieback disease, caused by the pathogenHymenoscyphus fraxineus, in European common ash trees.We collected leaves from UK ash trees and used microsatellite markers to genotype trees, quantitative PCR to quantifyH. fraxineusinfection load and ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify fungal and bacterial communities, respectively.There was a significant association betweenH. fraxineusinfection intensity and ash leaf fungal and bacterial community composition. Higher infection levels were positively correlated with fungal community alpha‐diversity, and a number of fungal and bacterial genera were significantly associated with infection presence and intensity. Under higher infection loads, leaf microbial networks were characterized by stronger associations between fewer members than those associated with lower infection levels. Together these results suggest thatH. fraxineusdisrupts stable endophyte communities after a particular infection threshold is reached, and may enable proliferation of opportunistic microbes. We identified three microbial genera associated with an absence of infection, potentially indicating an antagonistic relationship withH. fraxineusthat could be utilized in the development of anti‐pathogen treatments.Host genotype did not directly affect infection, but did significantly affect leaf fungal community composition. Thus, host genotype could have the potential to indirectly affect disease susceptibility through genotype × microbiome interactions, and should be considered when selectively breeding trees.Synthesis. We show that the diversity, composition and network structure of ash leaf microbial communities are associated with the severity of infection from ash dieback disease, with evidence of disease‐induced dysbiosis. We also show that host genotype influences leaf fungal community composition, but does not directly influence tree infection. These findings help to elucidate relationships between host genetics, the microbiome and a tree pathogen, highlighting potential resistance mechanisms and possible co‐infection concerns that could inform ash tree management.
Temperature dependence of parasitic infection and gut bacterial communities in bumble bees
Authors: Palmer‐Young Evan C. , Ngor Lyna , Burciaga Nevarez Rodrigo , Rothman Jason A. , Raffel Thomas R. , McFrederick Quinn S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHigh temperatures (e.g., fever) and gut microbiota can both influence host resistance to infection. However, effects of temperature‐driven changes in gut microbiota on resistance to parasites remain unexplored. We examined the temperature dependence of infection and gut bacterial communities in bumble bees infected with the trypanosomatid parasiteCrithidia bombi. Infection intensity decreased by over 80% between 21 and 37°C. Temperatures of peak infection were lower than predicted based on parasite growthin vitro, consistent with mismatches in thermal performance curves of hosts, parasites and gut symbionts. Gut bacterial community size and composition exhibited slight but significant, non‐linear, and taxon‐specific responses to temperature. Abundance of total gut bacteria and of Orbaceae, both negatively correlated with infection in previous studies, were positively correlated with infection here. Prevalence of the bee pathogen‐containing family Enterobacteriaceae declined with temperature, suggesting that high temperature may confer protection against diverse gut pathogens. Our results indicate that resistance to infection reflects not only the temperature dependence of host and parasite performance, but also temperature‐dependent activity of gut bacteria. The thermal ecology of gut parasite‐symbiont interactions may be broadly relevant to infectious disease, both in ectothermic organisms that inhabit changing climates, and in endotherms that exhibit fever‐based immunity.
Self‐Assembled Carbohydrate Polymers for Food Applications: A Review
Authors: Valencia Germán Ayala , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Makvandi Pooyan , Gutiérrez Tomy J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembled natural and synthetic polymers are booming. However, natural polymers obtained from native or modified carbohydrate polymers (CPs), such as celluloses, chitosan, glucans, gums, pectins, and starches, have had special attention as raw material in the manufacture of self‐assembled polymer composite materials having several forms: films, hydrogels, micelles, and particles. The easy manipulation of the architecture of the CPs, as well as their high availability in nature, low cost, and being sustainable and green polymers have been the main positive points in the use of them for different applications. CPs have been used as building blocks for composite structures, and their easy orientation and ordering has given rise to self‐assembled CPs (SCPs). These macromolecules have been little studied for food applications. Nonetheless, their research has grown mainly in the last 5 years as encapsulated food additive wall materials, food coatings, and edible films. The multifaceted properties (systems sensitive to pH, temperature, ionic strength, types of ions, mechanical force, and enzymes) of these devices are leading to the development of advanced food materials. This review article focused on the analysis of SCPs for food applications in order to encourage other research groups for their preparation and implementation.
Association Between Body Composition and Glomerular Hyperfiltration Among Chinese Adults
Authors: Gong Xiaojie , Liang Liming , Chen Qinlan , Jia Xiaoyan , Tang Lijun , Zhang Lei , Li Wenbin , Wang Zunsong , Kong Xianglei , Xu Dongmei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh body mass index (BMI) is the most common parameter to assess excess adiposity, and has been linked to glomerular hyperfiltration (GH). However, BMI may be misleading in the estimation of body fat content due to its inability to discriminate between body fat and lean mass. In recent years, the convenient biological impedance analysis has made prediction of certain diseases somewhat feasible and accessible using body composition (BC). Accordingly, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to explore the association between BC and GH among Chinese adult population. A total of 6902 adults (aged 38.6 ± 8.3 years, 70.1% males) who consecutively visited the Health Checkup Clinic were enrolled. BC including fat mass and lean body mass (LBM) was evaluated by biological impedance analysis. The upper quartile of eGFR which exceeded 117.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 was defined as GH, in comparison with the lower three quartiles (control group). As a categorical outcome, GH subjects had higher fat/LBM than the control group, which was 34.7 ± 10.9 (%) vs. 34.0 ± 10.5 (%), P = 0.01; however, the BMI in GH group was lower than in the control group, which was 24.5 ± 3.7 (%) vs. 24.9 ± 3.6 (%), P < 0.001. Fat/height and Fat/BSA were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, after adjusting for potential confounders, fat/LBM significantly correlated with GH (OR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.93). The study revealed that fat/LBM significantly correlated with GH among Chinese adult population, which highlights that adiposity might be an important and potentially modifiable determinant of GH.
Using lorelograms to measure and model correlation in binary data: Applications to ecological studies
Authors: Iannarilli Fabiola , Arnold Todd W. , Erb John , Fieberg John R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Tools for describing correlation structures in binary data are underrepresented in the ecological literature, and methods commonly applied to continuous data are inappropriate because of intrinsic features of binary data (e.g. variance dependent on the mean). Describing how correlation changes in time and space, or in response to different stimuli, can provide insights into the ecological processes generating observed patterns. Moreover, proper modelling of correlation structures is necessary for reliably estimating covariate effects.

We introduce ecologists to the lorelogram (Heagerty & Zeger, 1998), a tool used to identify and describe dependency structures in binary data. Lorelograms can help guide data aggregation efforts to facilitate independence, or alternatively, to inform appropriate structures for modelling correlated data.

We developed the r‐package, lorelogram, for estimating and plotting lorelograms and show how it can be used to identify various dependency structures using simulated data. We analyse data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and camera trap data from a carnivore study in Minnesota to demonstrate how the lorelogram can describe spatial and temporal dependencies, respectively. In the latter case, we show how the lorelogram can identify short‐term dependencies (e.g. individuals that linger at the camera site for several minutes), longer‐term dependencies (i.e. diel activity patterns) and effects of site‐specific covariates such as attractants. We then illustrate how this information can be incorporated in a modelling framework that accounts for these correlation structures (e.g. when modelling daily activity patterns).

The lorelogram is a promising tool for quantifying correlation in binary data over space or time. In addition to the applications presented in our paper, it could be used to identify independent sampling units for occupancy modelling or to quantify behavioural responses to covariates such as anthropogenic stressors or recent presence of prey, predators or competitors.
AquaFlux: Rapid, transparent and replicable analyses of plant transpiration
Authors: Speckman Heather , Ewers Brent E. , Beverly Daniel P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Plant transpiration is the largest evaporative flux from most vegetated ecosystems, playing a dominant role in energy balance, water and element cycling, ecosystem services and water security. Quantification of plant‐level transpiration, for example sap flux, is essential to land managers and scientists. Thermal dissipation probes (TDP) are reliable and affordable tools for measuring sap flux, but difficulties in replicable data processing often serve as a barrier to their use and interpretation of data.

AquaFlux is an r package designed to efficiently process and analyse TDP data. This program maximizes data collection by continually importing raw TDP values and alerting the user of any malfunctioning sensors. Data processing is expedited through a user‐friendly graphical interface, predictive algorithms and data recovery options. AquaFlux's post‐processing options address gapfilling, radial trends in sap flux across sapwood and rescaling from points to whole stems.

To ensure reproducibility and transparency, all data processing steps are automatically documented, highlighting the impact of user decisions. AquaFlux confirms to emerging best practices in data science and TDP data processing and analyses.

Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of sap flux and how they relate to plant traits is essential for enhancing agricultural productivity, optimizing land management planning, ecological studies and improving climate modelling. AquaFlux provides a robust tool to facilitate predictive understanding of plant transpiration.
Can banks monitor small business borrowers effectively using hard information?
Authors: Tsuruta Daisuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate whether banks rely on hard information to monitor small business borrowers and to what extent hard information is credible. Using Japanese firm‐level data, we show that banks reduce the amount of lending to defaulting firms if the firms are financially distressed and suffer operating losses. In contrast, banks do not significantly reduce the amount of lending to defaulting firms with low levels of leverage and high profitability. This implies that banks mitigate type II errors if they receive default signals using the hard information of informationally opaque small businesses.
External and digestive system morphology of the Tamandua tetradactyla
Authors: Firmino Milena de Oliveira , Pereira Helder Camilo da Silva , Carvalho Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino , Guerra Ricardo Romão 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCollared anteater is present throughout the Brazilian territory, but its morphology is little known. This study aimed to trace its external biometric profile and its digestive system. Six cadavers (4 ± 0.16 kg) from Paraíba, Brazil, were used. The thoracic limbs were more robust when compared to pelvic. The length of the tail is below that described in specimens from south‐eastern Brazil, probably due to the greater use of the tail suspension function in the leafier forests in this region. The tongue had no papillae and had keratinized squamous epithelium. The oesophagus was tubular with keratinized squamous epithelium. The stomach was single‐chambered with simple prismatic epithelium and presence of tubular glands in the lamina propria. The pyloric region was thicker and had larger folds of mucosa; the greater curvature was approximately three times greater than the smaller. The small intestine was larger than that found in other Xernathra species such as sloth, an herbivore animal; in the large intestine, the caecum was small. The colon was subdivided ascending, transverse and descending, with simple prismatic epithelium. This study is the first to bring the description of the external and digestive system morphometrics of collared anteater adult and pup. The anatomical characteristics of the digestive system show that the digestion of the anteaters, although not using the fermentation, is not as rapid as in other Xenarthras, probably due to the material of the exoskeleton of the insects by them consumed. The data generate subsidies for the clinic, surgery, preservation and nutrition of this species.
Quantitative and descriptive histological aspects of jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) ear skin as a step towards formation of biobanks
Authors: Praxedes Érika A. , de Queiroz Neta Luiza B. , Borges Alana A. , Silva Maria B. , Santos Maria V. O. , Ribeiro Leandro R. , Silva Herlon V. R. , Pereira Alexsandra F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSkin of mammals vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar, is used as a source of material in conservation strategies. The composition of skin is not uniform among species, and the ability to distinguish similarities in skin morphology in animal groups is fundamental in the application of skin tissue for use in biobanks. The aim of our study was to evaluate the structure, composition and capacity for culture of ear skin from the yellow and black jaguars. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification and distribution, collagen density, proliferative activity and viability. Histomorphometrical study of the skin showed a total thickness of 273.2 and 274.6 µm for the yellow and black jaguars, respectively. Melanocytes and fibroblasts were, respectively, 9.7 and 23.0 for the yellow jaguar and 11.3 and 26.8 for the black jaguar. A collagen density of 67.0% and 49.0% was observed for yellow and black jaguars, respectively. Both animals presented a proliferative activity varying between 1.20 and 1.30. All tissues could promote cellular detachment, reaching subconfluence in 10–15 days. This kind of information from histomorphometrical features and cell cultures can be essential for a more targeted application of ear skin cryopreservation in this species, as such information will enable understanding the action of substances on tissues during the conservation process.
The Throwaway Culture in the Economy of Exclusion: Pope Francis and Economists on Waste
Authors: Clark Charles M. A. , Alford Helen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn essential part of Pope Francis’s critique of the “economy of exclusion” is the concept of the “throwaway culture,” which is an attitude and a reality that goes beyond mere exclusion. Francis is building on critiques of consumerism (what John Paul II called “economism”) that noted both the environmental impacts of unnecessary waste and the social and human impact of reducing humans to mere consumers—the idea that happiness is shopping. Francis adds to this a concern for the people on the margins of society who are treated as disposable and for the consequences of climate change, both of which are connected to the throwaway attitude. This article looks at Francis’s views within the tradition of Catholic social thought and at how economists, especially Adam Smith, who provided the foundation for modern economics, looked at waste and consumerism.
The association of allogeneic blood transfusion and the recurrence of hepatic cancer after surgical resection
Authors: Tai Y. H. , Wu H. L. , Mandell M. S. , Tsou M. Y. , Chang K. Y. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThere is conflicting evidence whether allogeneic blood transfusion influences survival or cancer recurrence after resection of hepatocellular cancer. We followed up 1469 patients who had undergone hepatocellular resection for a median (IQR [range]) of 45 (21–78 [0–162]) months, of whom 626 (43%) had had blood transfusion within 7 days of surgery. Both disease‐free survival and patient survival were measured using a proportional hazards regression model and inverse probability of treatment weighting. We used restricted cubic splines for the association of the number of packed red blood cell units transfused with cancer recurrence and survival. We found that peri‐operative blood transfusion was independently associated with survival and cancer recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adjusted hazard ratios (95%CI) for the association of blood transfusion with cancer recurrence and all‐cause mortality were 1.3 (1.1–1.4) and 1.9 (1.6–2.3), p < 0.001 for both. With more units transfused cancer recurrence was more likely and survival was shorter. The association of the number of transfused units was non‐linear for cancer recurrence and linear response for all‐cause mortality.
Repetitive syncopal episodes in a child with documented ventricular tachycardia, early repolarization pattern in leads I an aVL, Brugada syndrome, and fever
Authors: Rodriguez-Reyes Humberto , Pérez-Riera Andrés , López Brenda Lucia , Salinas Maria del Refugio , Muñoz Luz Ma Mayela , Laguna Cesar Ivan , Kjell Nikus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a small child with febrile peaks and syncopal episodes secundary to ventricular tachycardia, in whom it was eventually possible to demostrate the Brugada Syndrome with a special presentation in the ECG; early repolarization pattern in lead I and a aVL and Brugada pattern during fever in V1‐V2. This is, to our knowledge, tha first case with this special ECG presentation in a small child.