bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease Images Based on Multiple Dimensional Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Yuejun , Xu Yifei , Meng Xiangzheng , Wang Xuguang , Bai Tianxu 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
In the field of machine learning, multiple dimensional deep learning algorithms are widely
used in image classification and recognition, and have achieved great success.

Objective:
The method based on multiple dimensional deep learning is employed for the auxiliary
diagnosis of thyroid diseases based on SPECT images. The performances of different deep learning
models are evaluated and compared.

Methods:
Thyroid SPECT images are collected with three types, they are hyperthyroidism, normal
and hypothyroidism. In the pre-processing, the region of interest of thyroid is segmented and the
amount of data sample is expanded. Four CNN models, including CNN, Inception, VGG16 and
RNN, are used to evaluate deep learning methods.

Results:
Deep learning based methods have good classification performance, the accuracy is
92.9%-96.2%, AUC is 97.8%-99.6%. VGG16 model has the best performance, the accuracy is
96.2% and AUC is 99.6%. Especially, the VGG16 model with a changing learning rate works best.

Conclusion:
The standard CNN, Inception, VGG16, and RNN four deep learning models are efficient
for the classification of thyroid diseases with SPECT images. The accuracy of the assisted diagnostic
method based on deep learning is higher than that of other methods reported in the literature.
Green Supramolecular Solvent-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction Method for Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum in Food, Water, Hair and Urine Samples
Authors: Gouda Ayman A. , Subaihi Abdu , El Hay Soad S. Abd 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Aluminum Al(III) is the most significant metal in the earth's crust to which
humans are frequently exposed and has several industrial applications. On the other hand, Al (III) has
high potential toxic impacts on some human pathologies like Parkinson and Alzheimer's disease. So,
it is very important to monitor and determine the trace level of Al (III) in various environmental and
biological samples.

Objective:
In the present work, a novel green supramolecular Solvent-Based Liquid-Phase
Microextraction (SS-LPME) procedure has been developed to preconcentrate and determine
aluminum (III) in various real samples.

Methods:
The proposed procedure was based on the application of 1-decanol/THF as a
Supramolecular Solvent (SS) system and quinalizarin as a chelating agent. Al(III)-quinalizarin
hydrophobic complex was obtained at pH 7.0, extracted into supramolecular solvent phase (1-
decanol/THF), centrifuged and then measured spectrophotometrically at 580 nm. The impact of
different analytical parameters on the microextraction efficiency was studied and optimized. The
validation of the proposed preconcentration procedure was checked using certified reference
materials.

Results:
The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2.0-150 μg L-1. The developed method has
preconcentration factor of 40 and detection limit (LOD) was 0.20 μg L-1. The precision of the method
was confirmed with low relative standard deviation (RSD ≤ 1.0%).

Conclusion:
This study explores the effectiveness of quinalizarin for the first time together with SS
to develop green SS-LPME method to preconcentrate and separate trace quantities of Al (III) in real
water, fruit juice, food, hair, and urine samples collected from Saudi Arabia.
Synthesis of Oridonin Derivatives via Mizoroki-Heck Reaction and Click Chemistry for Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Hou Wei , Fan Qiuju , Su Lin , Xu Hongtao 
Published: January 2019

Background:Natural products (NPs) are evolutionarily chosen “privileged structures” that have a profound impact upon the anticancer drug discovery and development progress. However, the search for new drugs based on structure modification of NPs has often been hindered due to the tedious and complicated synthetic pathways. Fortunately, Mizoroki-Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) could provide perfect strategies for selective modification on NPs even in the presence of liable functionalities.Objective:Here, we used oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that showed a wide range of biological activities, as a parent molecule for the generation of analogues with anticancer activity.Methods:Derivatives of oridonin were generated based on the structure-activity relationship study of oridonin and synthesized via Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC. The cytotoxicity of new oridonin derivatives were evaluated on both cancer cells and normal cells. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest effect of the selected potent analogue were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting analysis.Results:Two series of novel C-14 and C-17 modified derivatives of oridonin were obtained via Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), respectively. In vitro antiproliferative activities showed that the introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance cytotoxicity, whereas the introduction of C-17 phenyl ring might exert negative effect. Further studies demonstrated that derivative 23 exhibited broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity, effectively overcame drug-resistance and showed weak cytotoxicity on non-cancer cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that 23 might cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells.Conclusion:Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC are perfect strategies for structure modification of complex natural products. The introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance the cytotoxicity of oridonin, the introduction of C-17 phenyl group might exert negative effect on its cytotoxicity.
Targeting Wnt Signaling through Small molecules in Governing Stem Cell Fate and Diseases
Authors: Banerjee Antara , Jothimani Ganesan , Prasad Suhanya Veronica , Marotta Francesco , Pathak Surajit 
Published: January 2019

Background:The conserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is responsible for multiple functions including regulation of stem cell pluripotency, cell migration, self-renewability and cell fate determination. This signaling pathway is of utmost importance, owing to its ability to fuel tissue repair and regeneration of stem cell activity in diverse organs. The human adult stem cells including hematopoietic cells, intestinal cells, mammary and mesenchymal cells rely on the manifold effects of Wnt pathway. The consequences of any dysfunction or manipulation in the Wnt genes or Wnt pathway components result in specific developmental defects and may even lead to cancer, as it is often implicated in stem cell control. It is absolutely essential to possess a comprehensive understanding of the inhibition and/ or stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway which in turn is implicated in determining the fate of the stem cells.Results:In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the studies associated with the implementation of small molecule compounds in key areas of stem cell biology including regeneration differentiation, proliferation. In support of this statement, small molecules have unfolded as imperative tools to selectively activate and inhibit specific developmental signaling pathways involving the less complex mechanism of action. These compounds have been reported to modulate the core molecular mechanisms by which the stem cells regenerate and differentiate.Conclusion:This review aims to provide an overview of the prevalent trends in the small molecules based regulation of stem cell fate via targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
Wear Performance of GCr15 Friction Pairs with Effect of Initial Radial Micro-Grooves
Authors: Yuan Wei , Mei Shengkai , Li Song , Wang Zhiwen , Yu Jie , Guo Qianjian 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Grooves may inevitably occur on the surface of the friction pair caused by
severe wear or residual stress, which will play an important role on the reliability of machine parts
during operation.

Objective:
The effect of the micro-grooves perpendicular to sliding direction on the wear performance
of the friction pairs should be studied.

Method:
Micro-grooves can be machined on discs of friction pairs using electrical discharge machining.
On-line visual ferrograph method was used to monitor the wear process to research the wear rate changing
characteristic. Profilemeter and metallurgical microscope were used to observe the wear scars.

Results:
Comparing to the non-groove test, i) in one-groove test, wear volume and rate were approximate
the same, and the wear scar was smooth, ii) when the grooves more than 4, the test running-in
stage will be obviously prolonged, particularly for the test with 8 grooves on the disc, the duration of
running-in stage is 4 times than that without grooves on specimen, and the wear rate and volume increase
significantly, and then decrease with fluctuation, iii) the abrasive wear can be avoid with the
debris stagnating in the groove, however, fatigue wear will significantly emerge.

Conclusion:
Abrasive wear can be avoided and smooth running-in surfaces can be obtained with
proper amount of initial radial micro-grooves.
Therapeutic Role of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. Seeds and its Isolated Compound as Potent Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents
Authors: Parikh Nisha H. , Kothari Charmy 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Ocimum basilicum seed, commonly also known as Takhmaria in Gujarat.
The seed of O. basilicum traditionally used to treat diabetes. This activity is related to the presence
of flavonoids, the major compounds of the crude extract.

Objective:
The present study was planned to examine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential
of Ocimum basilicum Linn seed, used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
The methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and isolated compound apigenin
(10 mg/kg) were administered orally for 15 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Anti
diabetic activity, oral glucose tolerance test, change in body weight and lipid profile of diabetics rat
treated with methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed and isolated apigenin were assessed and which
was further compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug-treated rat. Histological examination
was carried out on 15 days of treatment.

Results:
Methanolic extract of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and apigenin (10 mg/kg) produced a
significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (p<0.01) and (p<0.001) respectively in the
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Significant differences were observed in oral glucose tolerance
test, serum lipid parameters and body weight for methanolic extract of O. basilicum and apigenintreated
diabetic rat as compared to diabetic, normal and standard drug-treated rat. The outcome of
the histological examinations of the pancreas treated with a methanolic extract of O. basilicum and
apigenin showed comparable regeneration of the cells, which were earlier necrosed by streptozotocin.
Methanolic extract of O. basilicum and isolated compound apigenin exhibit significant antihyperglycemic
and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

Conclusion:
From above findings, it can be concluded that the O. basilicum seed and isolated compound
apigenin must be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of diabetes and lipidlowering
activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 1-(3-(4-Chlorophenylimino)-3,4- dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-substituted phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Authors: Visagaperumal Dhanapal , Chandy Vineeth 
Published: January 2019

Background:
In this study, synthesis of some novel 1-(3-(4-chlorophenylimino)-3,4-
dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-substituted phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde were done by cyclization
of dehydrated hemiketal using VilsmeierHaack reaction. The structures of synthesized compounds
were in accordance of the basis of IR, 1HNMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analyses.
The synthesized compounds had given good yields and high purity.

Methods:
The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was preliminarily screened by
paper disc diffusion technique. The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of
the synthesized compounds were done by using tube dilution method.

Results and Conclusion:
All the screened compounds showed antibacterial and antifungal activity
against selected strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and two strains of fungus, respectively
but exhibited considerably less activity when compared to the reference drug ciprofloxacin
and Fluconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Among the synthesized
compounds VV5 exhibited significant activity.
Prospective Biopsy-Based Study of CKD of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka
Authors: Anand Shuchi , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Adasooriya Dinuka , Ratnatunga Neelakanthi , Kambham Neeraja , Wazil Abdool , Wijetunge Sulcohana , Badurdeen Zeid , Ratnayake Charaka , Karunasena Nishamani , Schensul Stephen L. , Valhos Penny , Haider Lalarukh , Bhalla Vivek , Levin Adeera , Wise Paul H. , Chertow Glenn M. , Barry Michele , Fire Andrew Z. , Nanayakkara Nishantha 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives
A kidney disease of unknown cause is common in Sri Lanka’s lowland (dry) region. Detailed clinical characterizations of patients with biopsy-proven disease are limited, and there is no current consensus on criteria for a noninvasive diagnosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We designed a prospective study in a major Sri Lankan hospital servicing endemic areas to ascertain pathologic and clinical characteristics of and assess risk factors for primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease. We used logistic regression to determine whether common clinical characteristics could be used to predict the presence of primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease on kidney biopsy.

Results
From 600 new patients presenting to a tertiary nephrology clinic over the course of 1 year, 87 underwent kidney biopsy, and 43 (49%) had a biopsy diagnosis of primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease. On detailed biopsy review, 13 (30%) had evidence of moderate to severe active kidney disease, and six (15%) had evidence of moderate to severe chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Patients with tubulointerstitial kidney disease were exclusively born in endemic provinces; 91% spent a majority of their lifespan there. They were more likely men and farmers (risk ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.9), and they were more likely to have used tobacco (risk ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.3) and well water (risk ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0). Three clinical characteristics—age, urine dipstick for protein, and serum albumin—could predict likelihood of tubulointerstitial kidney disease on biopsy (model sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 84%). Patients referred for kidney biopsy despite comorbid diabetes or hypertension did not experience lower odds of tubulointerstitial kidney disease.

Conclusions
A primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease occurs commonly in specific regions of Sri Lanka with characteristic environmental and lifestyle exposures.
Procesos de financialización y de-financialización en Europa
Authors: Ferreiro y Carmen Gómez Jesús 
Published: January 2019

<p align="center"> </p><p align="right"> </p><p> </p><p>El artículo realiza un repaso de los efectos adversos derivados de la existencia de los procesos de financialización. La existencia de estos efectos negativos plantea la necesidad de un proceso de de-financialización, reduciendo el tamaño excesivo de las finanzas, en especial en aquellas en las que el tamaño de las finanzas es excesivo. El estudio de los balances financieros de los países miembros de la Unión Europea desde el año 2008 muestra, sin embargo, que este proceso de de-financialización no se ha producido en la inmensa mayoría de países europeos, planteando así dudas sobre la posibilidad de un crecimiento económico sostenido y sobre un posible estallido a corto y medio plazo de una nueva crisis financiera sistémica.</p><p> </p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
A Primer for Information Technology General Control Considerations on a Private and Permissioned Blockchain Audit
Authors: Sheldon Mark D. 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARY
Blockchain is a disruptive technology that offers advantages to the audit profession such as transparency into all transactions, an immutable ledger, and the potential for real-time auditing. However, to realize these benefits, the profession must be prepared to gain comfort over blockchains as a component of organizations' information technology infrastructure. This paper considers risks to private and permissioned blockchains through the lens of information technology general controls (ITGCs) as part of an audit of internal control over financial reporting. I discuss new ITGC areas of focus for auditors to consider, along with areas of risk that blockchain could eliminate. To help readers better understand this emerging topic, I provide illustrations, a summary table of key points, and a glossary of blockchain-related terms used throughout the paper. This paper should be viewed as a primer of ITGC considerations on blockchain audits, as more nuanced concerns will emerge as the technology evolves.
Factors involved in the development of pituitary and hypothalamus: a short review
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Popis Małgorzata , Jankowski Maurycy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A large amount of complex hormone associated processes occurring continuously in the human organism is necessary to maintain homeostasis in response to various internal and external conditions. In the same time, as the hormones use the bloodstream as their transmission medium, it is essential that their expression is strictly controlled to maintain their activity only when it is required. Because of that, the endocrine system evolved complex, self-regulating machinery that allows for precise signalling to the glands to initiate hormone expression, as well as equally quick negative feedback in the moment of reaching the optimal blood hormone concentration. The pituitary gland serves as the true endocrine part of that system, expressing a range of hormones that mostly serve as regulators of sub-systems serving different functions, scattered around organisms. The hypothalamus is the neuroendocrine part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, meaning it integrates the neuronal and hormonal signals, effectively linking the nervous and endocrine systems. The processes of hypothalamus and pituitary development share some significant similarities, which is unsurprising considering their close association and anatomical proximity at the base of the brain. Arising in highly overlapping developmental timeframes, they are both initially patterned by the gradients of extrinsic signalling molecules. After the initial lineage commitment, in both of those structures, intrinsic factors expressed by the distinct cell populations sustain the morphogenesis to result in a final complexly patterned structure. In this short review, the processes of the pituitary and hypothalamus development are described, with the most important factors driving them discussed.
Ontology groups representing angiogenesis and blood vessels development are highly up-regulated during porcine oviductal epithelial cells long-term real-time proliferation – a primary cell culture approach
Authors: Nawrocki Mariusz J. , Celichowski Piotr , Jankowski Maurycy , Kranc Wiesława , Bryja Artur , Borys-Wójcik Sylwia , Jeseta Michal , Antosik Paweł , Bukowska Dorota , Bruska Małgorzata , Zabel Maciej , Nowicki Michał , Kempisty Bartosz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The morphological and biochemical modification of oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) belongs to the group of compound processes responsible for proper oocyte transport and successful fertilization. The cellular interactions between cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) are crucial for this unique mechanism. In the present study we have analyzed angiogenesis and blood vessel development processes at transcript levels. By employing microarrays, four ontological groups associated with these mechanisms have been described. Differentially expressed genes belonging to the “angiogenesis”, “blood circulation”, “blood vessel development” and “blood vessel morphogenesis” GO BP terms were investigated as a potential markers for the creation of new blood vessels in cells under in vitro primary culture conditions.
Optimizing Sampling Parameters of CMM Data Acquisition for Machining Error Correction of Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Poniatowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An optimization study using the design of experiment technique is described, in which the surface profile height of a freeform surface, determined in coordinate measurements, is the response variable. The control factors are coordinate sampling parameters, i.e. the sampling grid size and the measuring tip diameter. As a result of the research, an optimal combination of these parameters was found for surface mapping with acceptable measurement uncertainty. The presented study is the first stage of optimization of machining error correction for the freeform surface and was intended to take into account mechanical-geometric filtration of surface irregularities caused by these geometrical parameters. The tests were carried out on a freeform workpiece milled with specific machining parameters, Ra of the surface roughness was 1.62 μm. The search for the optimal combination of parameters was conducted using Statistica software.
Estimation of Flow Rate Through Analysis of Pipe Vibration
Authors: Venkata Santhosh K. , Navada Bhagya R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, implementation of soft sensing technique for measurement of fluid flow rate is reported. The objective of the paper is to design an estimator to physically measure the flow in pipe by analysing the vibration on the walls of the pipe. Commonly used head type flow meter causes obstruction to the flow and measurement would depend on the placement of these sensors. In the proposed technique vibration sensor is bonded on the pipe of liquid flow. It is observed that vibration in the pipe varies with the control action of stem. Single axis accelerometer is used to acquire vibration signal from pipe, signal is passed from the sensor to the system for processing. Basic techniques like filtering, amplification, and Fourier transform are used to process the signal. The obtained transform is trained using neural network algorithm to estimate the fluid flow rate. Artificial neural network is designed using back propagation with artificial bee colony algorithm. Designed estimator after being incorporated in practical setup is subjected to test and the result obtained shows successful estimation of flow rate with the root mean square percentage error of 0.667.