bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophytic Colonization and Plant Growth Promoting Effect by Entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana to Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) with Different Inoculation Methods
Authors: Saragih Magdalena , Trizelia  , Nurbailis  , Yusniwati  
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill is one of entomopathogenic fungus, that be able to endophytically colonize different plants. Beauveria bassiana can promote the growth of red chili following their endophytic establishment within plants through seed treatment, soil drenching and foliar spraying. The aims of this study were: (i) To get the best colonisation B. bassiana from different isolates and to differentiate inoculation methods, i.e. seed immersion, soil drenching and foliar spraying, for the endophytic inoculation of B. bassiana in red chili; and (ii) to assess the effect of B.bassiana to stimulate or trigger plant growth from isolate Wheat, Coffea, Cacao and Leptocorisa acuta. Our result showed that all of B. bassiana isolate were able to colonize seedling of chili and B.bassiana of wheat isolate was the best isolate giving spuring seedling or plant growth. From the three inoculation methodes, inoculation B. bassiana by foliar spraying was the highest colonisation. The highest colonization was in leaves, and the second were in stem. Root plant was the poorly colonized by B. bassiana fungus.
Transformation efficiency in Chrysanthemum from various sources of explants
Authors: Jamaluddin I , Sjahril R , Haring F , Nadir M , Asman A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants. However their production is constrained by problems with pests and diseases, mainly white rust disease (Puccinia horiana P. Henn). One potential alternative is the development of plants through genetic engineering, namely disease resistant transgenic plants. Problem that often occurs in the process is the inhibition of regeneration of calli from the transformation that makes it difficult for researchers to carry out DNA testing from leaves. Calli regeneration is regulated by several factors, such as the use of explant sources and media composition. This study aims to find best explant sources for transformation results into shoots, for DNA analysis. The study was carried out at the level of transformation with three types of explants namely leaves, lateral shoot buds, and internodes. Genetic transformation was carried out by two-stage co-cultivation method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 which contained pEKB-WD binary vector T-DNA construct. Results showed that the most appropriate genetic transformation of explants originating from internodes was 69.33%, but the explants had the lowest regeneration efficiency (1,92%). The highest regeneration efficiency was obtained in explants originating from lateral shoot buds, which amounted to 77.78% with transformation efficiency 54,00%. Both lowest efficiencies were found in leaves (27,31%) for transformation efficiency and regeneration efficiency of 6,45%.
Effect of Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma longa L.) on Liver Histology of Preeclampsia Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Ilyas S , Hutahaean S , Elimasni  , Ar-roisyi D K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Turmeric is usually consumed routinely and for a long time, so it cannot be ascertained that the use of turmeric is safe or toxic especially in the liver because there are as many as 64 compounds in turmeric which are thought to be hepatotoxic, The prevalence of preeclampsia is around 5% -15% of all pregnancies in the world, where cases of hypertension in pregnancy including preeclampsia are found in numbers that tend to increase and are the most common medical complication in pregnancy. About 70% of women diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy are cases of preeclampsia. This study used a type of analytic research with quasi-experimental design in pregnant female rats consisting of 4 treatments with 6 replications each. This study consisted of a negative control group (k-) with only feed given ad libitum, positive control (k +) in injection of LPS intervena with a group dose of 0.2 / kgBW and a group giving turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.) with doses of 400mg / kgBW (P1) and 600mg / kgBW (P2) respectively. After that, histological preparations were carried out on the liver of rats (Rattusnovergicus). From the results of observations of the liver morphology in the negative (-) and P2 treatment the liver color was found to be dark red, whereas in the positive control group (k +) a pale red color was found. Then histological observations showed an increase in the percentage of liver necrosis from P1 and a decrease in necrosis in P2.
Effect of Mahkota Dewa Ethanolic Extract (Phaleria macrocarpa) to Kidney Histology of Preeclampsia Rats
Authors: Ilyas S , Tanjung M , Nurahyuni I , Zahara E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hypertension is an increase in systolic and diastolic pressure, the height of which depends on the age of the individual affected. Hypertension can also cause terminal kidney failure (GGT). One of the herbs that has the effect of reducing blood pressure is the mahkota dewa. This study aims to determine the effect of mahkota dewa extract on histological and morphological features of the kidneys in preeclampsia rat. In this study using a type of analytic research with quasi-experimental design in pregnant rat (Rattus novergicus) as many as 24 rats and consisted of 4 treatments (each treatment was divided into 6 rats). control group, P1 (pregnant rats injected by LPS) P2 (pregnant rats injected with LPS given 100 mg / BW of mahkota dewa extract once a day) and P3 (pregnant rats injected with LPS and given 200 mg/BW of deity extract twice a day). On the 17th day the pregnancies of the rat were dissected and taken by kidney organs and then made a paraffin method preparation using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Morphological observations showed a change in color in group K (control) = blackish red, at P1 = pale red, P2 = brownish red and P2 = thick red While the results of kidney histology on tubular narrowing and necrosis obtained significant results (P <0,05) between P1 and P3. This shows that the mahkota dewa is very influential on kidney damage in preeclampsia models.
The experimental and numerical study of fracture behavior of 58s bioactive glass/polysulfone composite using the extended finite elements method
Authors: Pazhouheshgar Arang , Sadough Vanini Seyyed Ali , Moghanian Amirhosein 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The composites derived from the bioactive glasses, such as BG/polysulfone, have better mechanical properties and their characteristics are closer to human bone. In this paper, the fracture behavior of 58s BG/PSF composite has been investigated. The extended finite elements method (XFEM) was used as an alternative numerical method to the FEM, in order to model the fracture behavior of 58s BG/PSF composite with greater accuracy. The XFEM doesn’t require remeshing at each step and achieves the precise approximation of singularities by incorporating discontinuity behavior into the elements using enrichment functions. The aim of using the XFEM was to obtain stress intensity factors, displacements, stress and strain around the crack tip, fracture toughness as well as strain energy release rate of BG/polymer composite. Moreover, the 58s BG/PSF composite with 30% volume ratio of bioactive glass particles was synthesized using solvent casting method. Meanwhile, the SEM micrographs were prepared, and the fracture mechanic tests were accomplished based on ASTM D5045 standard test method. The obtained fracture toughness was in the range of 1.4 to 1.6

MPa

m

,

and the strain energy release rate is in the range of 1600 to 1900 J.m−2, which is comparable to the same properties of natural human bone. Also, the stress intensity factors and strain energy release rates were calculated by coding in MATLAB and modeling in ABAQUS, and the numerical results were validated with the analytical and experimental results.
Atom-projected and angular momentum resolved density of states in the ONETEP code
Authors: Aarons J , Verga L G , Hine N D M , Skylaris C-K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Local and angular momentum projected densities of states (DOS) are invaluable sources of information that can be obtained from density functional theory calculations. In this work, we describe a theoretical framework within ONETEP’s linear-scaling DFT formalism that allows the calculation of local (atom-projected) and angular momentum projected density of states l-p-DOS. We describe four different bases that can be used for projecting the DOS with angular momentum resolution and perform a set of tests to compare them. We validate the results obtained with ONETEP’s l-p-DOS against the plane-wave DFT code CASTEP. Comparable results between ONETEP’s and CASTEP’s charge spilling parameters are observed when we use pseudo-atomic orbitals as the projection basis sets. In general, the charge spilling parameters show remarkably low values for projections using non-contracted spherical waves as the angular momentum resolved basis. We also calculate the d-band and d-band centres for Pt atoms in (1 1 1) facets of cuboctahedral Pt nanoparticles of increasing size, which is an example of l-p-DOS application commonly used as an electronic descriptor in heterogeneous catalysis. Interestingly, the different projection bases lead to similar conclusions, showing the reliability of the implemented method for such studies. The implementation of these methods in a linear-scaling framework such as ONETEP provides another tool for analysing the electronic structure of complex nanostructured materials.
Powder Intrinsic Properties as Dustiness Predictor for an Efficient Exposure Assessment?
Authors: Shandilya Neeraj , Kuijpers Eelco , Tuinman Ilse , Fransman Wouter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dustiness is not an intrinsic physically defined property of a powder, but the tendency of particles to become airborne in response to mechanical and/or aerodynamic stimuli. The present study considers a set of 10 physical properties to which the powder dustiness can be attributed. Through a preliminary investigation of a standardized continuous drop test scenario, we present first set of results on the varying degrees or weights of influence of these properties on the aerosolization tendency of powder particles. The inter-particle distance is found to be the most dominant property controlling the particle aerosolization, followed by the ability of powder particles to get electrostatically charged. We observe the kinetics involved during powder aerosolization to be governed by two ratios: drag force/cohesive force and drag force/gravitational force. The converging tendencies in these initial results indicate that these physical properties can be used to model dustiness of falling powder, which can eventually be used in risk assessment tools for an efficient exposure estimation of the powders.
Cognitive Enhancement via Network-Targeted Cortico-cortical Associative Brain Stimulation
Authors: Momi D , Neri F , Coiro G , Smeralda C , Veniero D , Sprugnoli G , Rossi A , Pascual-Leone A , Rossi S , Santarnecchi E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fluid intelligence (gf) represents a crucial component of human cognition, as it correlates with academic achievement, successful aging, and longevity. However, it has strong resilience against enhancement interventions, making the identification of gf enhancement approaches a key unmet goal of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we applied a spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)-inducing brain stimulation protocol, named cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (cc-PAS), to modulate gf in 29 healthy young subjects (13 females—mean ± standard deviation, 25.43 years ± 3.69), based on dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Pairs of neuronavigated TMS pulses (10-ms interval) were delivered over two frontoparietal nodes of the gf network, based on individual functional magnetic resonance imaging data and in accordance with cognitive models of information processing across the prefrontal and parietal lobe. cc-PAS enhanced accuracy at gf tasks, with parieto-frontal and fronto-parietal stimulation significantly increasing logical and relational reasoning, respectively. Results suggest the possibility of using SPTD-inducing TMS protocols to causally validate cognitive models by selectively engaging relevant networks and manipulating inter-regional temporal dynamics supporting specific cognitive functions.
Early Clinical Infancy Outcomes for Microcephaly and/or Small for Gestational Age Zika-Exposed Infants
Authors: Adachi Kristina , Romero Tahmineh , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Pone Sheila , Aibe Mitsue , Barroso de Aguiar Elisa , Sim Myung , Brasil Patricia , Zin Andrea , Tsui Irena , Gaw Stephanie L , Halai Umme-Aiman , Vasconcelos Zilton , Pereira Jose Paulo , Salles Tania Saad , Barbosa Claudia Neves , Portari Elyzabeth , Cherry James D , Pone Marcos , Moreira Maria Elisabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly (proportional or disproportional) and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life.
Antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure may lead to adverse infant outcomes including microcephaly and being small for gestational age (SGA). ZIKV-exposed infants with a diagnosis of microcephaly (proportional [PM] or disproportional [DM]) or SGA at birth were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and health outcomes.

Methods
Infants had laboratory-confirmed ZIKV exposure in Brazil. PM, DM, or SGA classification was based on head circumference and weight. First-year growth parameters and clinical outcomes were recorded with analyses performed.

Results
Among the 156 ZIKV-exposed infants, 14 (9.0%) were SGA, 13 (8.3%) PM, 13 (8.3%) DM, and 116 (74.4%) were neither SGA nor had microcephaly (NSNM). High rates of any neurologic, ophthalmologic, and hearing abnormalities were observed for PM (100%), DM (100%), and SGA (42.9%) vs NSNM infants (18.3%; P &lt;.001); odds ratio [OR], 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–10.7) for SGA vs NSNM. Neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in 100% of PM and DM and in 42.9% of SGA vs NSNM infants 16%; (P &lt;.001); OR 3.9 (95% CI, 1.2–12.8) for SGA vs NSNM. Growth rates by z score, particularly for microcephaly infants, were poor after birth but showed improvement beyond 4 months of life.

Conclusions
ZIKV-exposed infants with microcephaly (PM and DM) had similarly high rates of adverse outcomes but showed improvement in growth measurements beyond 4 months of life. While SGA infants had fewer adverse outcomes compared with microcephaly infants, notable adverse outcomes were observed in some; their odds of having adverse outcomes were 3 to 4 times greater compared to NSNM infants.
Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly, irrespective of being proportional or disproportional, and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life.
Source localization and joint velocity model building using wavefront attributes
Authors: Diekmann Leon , Schwarz Benjamin , Bauer Alexander , Gajewski Dirk 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYThe localization of passive seismic sources in form of microseismic tremors as well as large-scale earthquakes is a key issue in seismology. While most previous studies are assuming fairly good knowledge of the underlying velocity model, we propose an automatic spatial localization and joint velocity model building scheme that is independent of detailed a priori information. The first step is a coherence analysis, estimating so-called wavefront attributes to locally describe the wavefield in terms of slopes and curvatures. In a similar fashion, we also obtain an initial guess of the source excitation times of the recorded events. The wavefront attributes constitute the input for wavefront tomography which represents the next step of the workflow and allows for a refinement of the previously evaluated source excitation times while simultaneously approximating the velocity distribution. In a last step, we use the final estimate of the velocity distribution and compute the respective image function by reverse time modelling to gain the source locations. This paper introduces the theoretical concept of our proposed approach for the general 3-D case. We analyse the feasibility of our strategy and the influences of different acquisition settings by means of a synthetic 2-D data example. In a final 3-D field data example we use the workflow to localize a deep earthquake without relying on a given velocity model. The approach can deal with high levels of noise and low signal amplitudes, respectively, as well as sparse geophone sampling. The workflow generally delivers good approximations of the long-wavelength velocity variations along with accurate source locations.
Shallow crustal imaging using distant, high-magnitude earthquakes
Authors: van IJsseldijk Johno , Ruigrok Elmer , Verdel Arie , Weemstra Cornelis 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYGlobal phases, viz. seismic phases that travel through the Earth’s core, can be used to locally image the crust by means of seismic interferometry. This method is known as Global Phase Seismic Interferometry (GloPSI). Traditionally, GloPSI retrieves low-frequency information (up to 1 Hz). Recent studies, however, suggest that there is high-frequency signal present in the coda of strong, distant earthquakes. This research quantifies the potential of these high-frequency signals, by analysing recordings of a multitude of high-magnitude earthquakes (≥6.4 Mw) and their coda on a selection of permanent USArray stations. Nearly half of the P, PKP and PKIKP phases are recorded with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 5 dB at 3 Hz. To assess the viability of using the high-frequency signal, the second half of the paper highlights two case studies. First, a known sedimentary structure is imaged in Malargüe, Argentina. Secondly, the method is used to reveal the structure of the Midcontinent Rift below the SPREE array in Minnesota, USA. Both studies demonstrate that structural information of the shallow crust (≤5 km) below the arrays can be retrieved. In particular, the interpreted thickness of the sedimentary layer below the Malargüe array is in agreement with earlier studies in the same area. Being able to use global phases and direct P-phases with large epicentral distances (&gt;80°) to recover the Earth’s sedimentary structure suggests that GloPSI can be applied in an industrial context.
A geothermal application for GOCE satellite gravity data: modelling the crustal heat production and lithospheric temperature field in Central Europe
Authors: Pastorutti A , Braitenberg C 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYSince the completion of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer mission (GOCE), global gravity models of uniform quality and coverage are available. We investigate their potential of being useful tools for estimating the thermal structure of the continental lithosphere, through simulation and real-data test in Central-Eastern Europe across the Trans-European Suture Zone. Heat flow, measured near the Earth surface, is the result of the superposition of a complex set of contributions, one of them being the heat production occurring in the crust. The crust is enriched in radioactive elements respect to the underlying mantle and crustal thickness is an essential parameter in isolating the thermal contribution of the crust. Obtaining reliable estimates of crustal thickness through inversion of GOCE-derived gravity models has already proven feasible, especially when weak constraints from other observables are introduced. We test a way to integrate this in a geothermal framework, building a 3-D, steady state, solid Earth conductive heat transport model, from the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary to the surface. This thermal model is coupled with a crust-mantle boundary depth resulting from inverse modelling, after correcting the gravity model for the effects of topography, far-field isostatic roots and sediments. We employ a mixed space- and spectral-domain based forward modelling strategy to ensure full spectral coherency between the limited spectral content of the gravity model and the reductions. Deviations from a direct crustal thickness to crustal heat production relationship are accommodated using a subsequent substitution scheme, constrained by surface heat flow measurements, where available. The result is a 3-D model of the lithosphere characterised in temperature, radiogenic heat and thermal conductivity. It provides added information respect to the lithospheric structure and sparse heat flow measurements alone, revealing a satisfactory coherence with the geological features in the area and their controlling effect on the conductive heat transport.
Spurious low velocity zones in joint inversions of surface waves and receiver functions
Authors: Gao Chao , Cunningham Erin , Lekić Vedran 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYLow-velocity layers within the crust can indicate the presence of melt and lithologic differences with implications for crustal composition and formation. Seismic wave conversions and reverberations across the base of the crust or intracrustal discontinuities, analysed using the receiver function method, can be used to constrain crustal layering. This is commonly accomplished by inverting receiver functions jointly with surface wave dispersion. Recently, the proliferation of model-space search approaches has made this technique a workhorse of crustal seismology. We show that reverberations from shallow layers such as sedimentary basins produce spurious low-velocity zones when inverted for crustal structure with surface wave data of insufficiently high frequency. Therefore, reports of such layers in the literature based on inversions using receiver function data should be re-evaluated. We demonstrate that a simple resonance-removal filter can suppress these effects and yield reliable estimates of crustal structure, and advocate for its use in receiver-function based inversions.