bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing for millions without new buildings? An analysis of the theoretical housing potential of under-occupied dwellings in the European building stock
Authors: Lage Jonas , Cordroch Luisa , Thema Johannes , Vondung Florin , Schöpf David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The standard response to the shortage of housing across the political spectrum is to build new housing units. From an environmental perspective, there is a need to decarbonise the housing sector as quickly as possible and to reduce land and resource consumption. This contradiction could be resolved by making more efficient use of dwellings that are under-occupied (for example, after children have moved out). In this article, we analyse the theoretical housing potential of under-occupied living space. To this end, we use established occupancy regulations of Swiss cooperatives and municipal housing authorities, where the number of residents must always be at least equal to the number of rooms minus one or minus two. This defines an upper limit for ‘needs-based living’ that has been tested in practice and is comparatively broadly legitimised. Using this threshold, and based on Data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we identify a theoretical housing potential in the EU stock of approximately 152 million rooms. This implies a theoretical space in the building stock for 50 million additional three-room flats, which equates to housing for 100 million people or 23 % of the EU population. Significant potential exists in all types of regions: cities, towns and rural areas. The under-occupancy is lower in countries with a higher share of small and medium sized flats, which indicates a high influence of the infrastructure on the occupancy. A comparison with the occupancy in Swiss housing markets that have minimum occupancy requirements implemented suggests that a large part of the theoretical potential could be realized by shaping infrastructural and market conditions. We conclude that housing politics should focus on the development of affordable and attractive alternatives for older people and smaller households in order to free up dwellings for families and address social and ecological problems in the housing market simultaneously.
Snow-cover seasonality in Kyrgyzstan: variation and change over 20 years (2001–2021) as observed by the MODIS Terra snow product
Authors: Henebry Geoffrey M , Tomaszewska Monika A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Snow seasonality is expected to change as a result of planetary warming. Yet, how the timings of snow seasons have already shifted in mountain environments can be counterintuitive. Here, we update our 2018 analyses of snow seasonality in Kyrgyzstan (KG) using more data and improved methods. Using two decades of MODIS snow-cover data, we investigated trends in four snow seasonality metrics: first date of snow (FDoS); last date of snow (LDoS); duration of the snow season (DoSS); and snow-covered days (SCDs). Our novel but conservative nonparametric approach analyzed trends within elevation ranges at two administrative levels: oblast and rayon. To attenuate the risk of false-positive trends, we reported as ‘notable’ only those significant (p < 0.05) nonparametric trends that were also (i) strongly asymmetric (at least twice as many significant pixels in one direction) within an elevational range of the oblast or rayon and (ii) covering at least 5% of the elevation range in oblast or rayon and more than 10 pixels. We used both simple and advanced snow-cover metrics, with the latter exploiting the within-composite chronobyte detail available in the MOD10A2.061 product. We found notable trends to earlier FDoS below 3000 m in western KG and more SCD between 1500–3500 m in western KG. We also found the expected notable trends towards earlier LDoS at both oblast and rayon levels. In northwestern KG, DoSS was notably longer <3000 m, but notably shorter at 3500–4000 m. In our 2018 analyses, we found at the national level 160% more area trending to earlier FDoS than to earlier LDoS. Our comprehensive updated trend analysis was designed to be more conservative. It revealed more area (106%–130%) trending to earlier FDoS than earlier LDoS, reinforcing the counterintuitive finding of longer snow seasons starting earlier at lower elevations.
Cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles activate fibroblast-myofibroblast transition to promote skin wound healing
Authors: Jia Qi , Ding Yijuan , Su Ziwen , Chen Heying , Ye Jialing , Xie Dafeng , Wu Yubo , He Haiyan , Peng Yanlin , Ni Yilu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The fibroblast-myofibroblast transition marked by extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and contraction of actomyosin-based stress fibers, plays central roles in the wound healing process. This work aims to utilize the cell membrane-based nanoplatform to improve the outcomes of dysregulated wound healing. The cell membranes of myofibroblasts isolated from mouse skin are used as the camouflage for gold nanoparticles loaded with IL-4 cytokine. The membrane-modified nanoparticles show effective in situ clearance of bacterial infection, and act as the activator in IL-4Rα signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Thus, the poor bacteria-clearance and non-stop inflammation in refractory wounds are improved and accelerated. Furthermore, the nanoplatform releases myofibroblast membranes to propel primitive fibroblasts toward the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in an epigenetic manner. Matrix-production, vascularization, and epithelial regeneration are then initiated, leading to the satisfactory wound closure. Our study devises a new strategy for activating fibroblasts into myofibroblasts under prolonged and continuous exposure to the fibrotic environment, and develops a promising biomimetic nanoplatform for effective treatment of dysregulated chronic wound healing.
Iron oxide-based charge transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Noman Hafiz Muhammad , Nisa Iqbal , Bilal Muhammad Meesum , Jan Muhammad Anwar , Bilal Abu Summama Sadavi , Hussain Ijaz , Bano Nargis , Qureshi Akbar Ali , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent the future generation of photovoltaic technology, offering power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) comparable to the best silicon solar cells. This research primarily investigates the effect of charge transport layers (CTLs) on the performance and stability of PSCs, focusing on their interfaces with the perovskite layer. Among the various CTLs, iron oxides, particularly hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) have shown significant potential due to their cost-effectiveness, stability, and non-toxicity. This study explores the use of α-Fe2O3 as the electron transport layer (ETL) and a bilayer of magnetite (Fe3O4) and spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL). The incorporation of these iron oxides significantly enhances the optical and morphological properties of PSCs, achieving an impressive PCE of 18.63%, with a JSC of 22.34 mA.cm−2, VOC of 1.14 V, and FF of 73.36%. These enhancements are attributed to improved thin film morphology, efficient charge collection, and reduced recombination losses. α-Fe2O3 enhances electron mobility and reduces optical losses as the ETL, while Fe3O4 in the HTL minimizes recombination and improves interfacial contact. Together, they significantly boost device efficiency and stability. This research presents a viable approach to achieving efficient and stable PSCs by utilizing iron oxides as CTLs.
Implications of overlap in tariff policy on waste management costs in Italian municipalities
Authors: Di Foggia Giacomo , Kostakis Ioannis , Abeliotis Konstadinos , Beccarello Massimo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In today’s race toward a more circular economy, optimization of tariff design is important for minimizing the environmental impact and costs of municipal waste management. This study examines the overlap of an incentive-based tariff method and the unit pricing system. We address whether this overlap impacts the effectiveness and efficiency of waste management in Italian municipalities. Based on a panel data sample for 5,512 municipalities from 2016 to 2022, a generalized method of moments estimation was employed for a linear dynamic panel model. The results suggest that there is room for optimizing their overlap under certain circumstances—specifically, when the availability of waste treatment facilities is adequate and the percentage of separate waste collection is high. The interaction between the percentage of separate collection and the incentive tariff method contributed to cost reduction, confirming the need for consistency and compatibility of a tariff scheme with circular economy objectives. The effective adoption of both tools, as well as other actions such as information campaigns and service delivery improvements, can promote waste sorting and investment in management facilities. The results provide insights for policymakers seeking to design more effective and efficient policy measures aimed at maximizing environmental effectiveness, in accordance with the polluter-pays principle, and minimizing costs.
Characterizing ultrashort pulses with photon energies above 1.12 eV based on transient absorption in silicon thin films
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Mokhtari Saadat , Guay Tristan , Leblanc Adrien , Oubrerie Kosta , A Jalil Sohail , Haddad Elissa , Jargot Gaëtan , Lassonde Philippe , Ibrahim Heide , Vampa Giulio , Légaré François 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Frequency-resolved optical switching (FROSt) is a phase-matching-free characterization technique for ultrashort pulses based on transient absorption in semiconductors. So far, this technique has been limited to characterizing pulses with photon energies smaller than the bandgap of the semiconductors used. In this work, we extend the method to characterize pulses of photon energy greater than the bandgap of the semiconductor used for characterization. We demonstrate this by characterizing ultrashort visible pulses and supercontinuum using silicon (Si) thin films deposited on a sapphire substrate. We also demonstrate that visible light sources up to a repetition rate of 250 kHz can be characterized using these samples. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of FROSt as a suitable technique for the temporal characterization of weak visible to infrared pulses, including high harmonics generated in solids.
Elucidating the impact of gas transport on high-performing air electrodes: a 1D physically based model unveiling the correlation between microstructure and impedance response
Authors: Cademartori Davide , Asensio Antonio Maria , Clematis Davide , Hubert Maxime , Laurencin Jérome , Barbucci Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A 1D physically based model of high-performing air electrodes for solid oxide cells is used to unravel the physical mechanisms lying behind the resistive peaks observed in experimental impedance data, posing particular attention to the low-frequency contribution. In particular, the latter is commonly observed when analyzing the impedance response of high-performing air electrode materials, but its physical interpretation is still questioned. The model construction is grounded on the microstructural characteristics of conventional screen-printed electrodes. These properties were extracted by combining the statistical analysis of experimental 2D images taken with a scanning electron microscope with a validated microstructural model able to generate synthetic 3D reconstructions of homogeneous electrode architectures. The implemented electrochemical model is tailored to the specific characteristics of a reference high-performing SmBa0.8Ca0.2Co2O5+δ
electrode material. Specifically, the model was used to reproduce its stationary and dynamic behavior in the temperature range 650 °C and 750 °C, with an inlet oxygen partial pressure from 0.1–1 atm. The performed simulations unravel the physical mechanisms lying behind the resistive contributions emerging from the impedance data. In particular, the effect of gas transport is analyzed in detail to understand the impact of the electrode microstructure on its electrochemical behavior. A sensitivity analysis of the effective gas diffusion coefficient highlighted that, in the investigated operating conditions, the electrochemical performance of classic screen-printed air electrodes is not limited by the gas diffusion. In contrast, the low-frequency contribution evidenced in the Nyquist plot was addressed to the impact of gas conversion. The developed electrochemical model successfully completes the correlation between microstructural and electrochemical properties and the results included in this study can be extended to different electrode materials tested in similar operating conditions.
Latent space dynamics learning for stiff collisional-radiative models
Authors: Xie Xuping , Tang Qi , Tang Xianzhu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose a data-driven method to discover the latent space and learn the corresponding latent dynamics for a collisional-radiative (CR) model in radiative plasma simulations. The CR model, consisting of high-dimensional stiff ordinary differential equations, must be solved at each grid point in the configuration space, leading to significant computational costs in plasma simulations. Our method employs a physics-assisted autoencoder to extract a low-dimensional latent representation of the original CR system. A flow map neural network is then used to learn the latent dynamics. Once trained, the reduced surrogate model predicts the entire latent dynamics given only the initial condition by iteratively applying the flow map. The radiative power loss (RPL) is then reconstructed using a decoder. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed architecture can accurately predict both the full-order CR dynamics and the RPL rate.
Athirst for God
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During the 1880s and his second and third administrations, William compared his own long life with those of deceased contemporaries, recorded in their lives and letters, and with certain figures in fiction. While associating himself with a younger generation of liberal catholic Anglicans, he reviewed the history of Tractarianism. When planning for retirement, he established the institute that was to become St Deiniol’s Library, Hawarden, a centre for ‘divine learning and worship’ and his legacy to the Church of England. Undergirding all these activities was a settled belief in divine providence. He registered a deepening sense of God’s guidance in the Commons and out of doors, as the words were given to him in major speeches, along with the strength to deliver them. While campaigning in the present, with a view to the future, he frequently related his current struggles to those of the past.
Temporary Measures
Authors: Lee Suzy K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Migration is a common response to crisis. Not only by individuals, who can choose to flee danger or hardship, but also by states, which sometimes induce those individual choices through policies that facilitate migration. What impact, if any, do such migration policies have on the originating crisis? And what happens when the crisis ends? Temporary Measures examines the experiences of South Korea and the Philippines, two countries where labor export was pursued as a path out of chronic underdevelopment and economic crises. In Korea, labor export became a crucial factor in an export-led industrialization push that not only stabilized but so transform the Korean economy that within two decades, it would become a major destination country for migrant labor. The Philippines also experienced an economic transformation as a result of labor export, but in a way that generated dependence on emigration and migrant remittances. This book, by tracing the history of these two countries’ labor-export programs, offers explanations for why and how they diverged so dramatically.
Introduction
Authors: Lee Suzy K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents the book’s motivating question: What are the conditions under which a state works to send its population outside of its borders? While there are many instances in which mass migration is a spontaneous response to economic, social, or political crisis, some mass migrations are the product of a sending state’s intentional labor-export policy. Beginning in the mid-20th century, the two countries that are the focus of this book—South Korea and the Philippines—pursued such policies in service of broader national goals for industrialization and economic development. Their different experiences raise important questions about the relationship of migration and development, state capacity, and the political economy of migration policy. This chapter summarizes the main arguments of the book, describes the methodological approach, and provides an outline of the book’s subsequent chapters.
The State, Economic Development, and Labor Export
Authors: Lee Suzy K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 presents the conceptual ground on which the book’s analysis will build. It argues that migration scholars have always understood mass migration to be entangled with economic development. The social and economic disruptions of capitalism generate population movements—sometimes within national borders, sometimes beyond them—which, in turn, influence the direction of subsequent economic transformations. Sending states can seek to control and harness the effects of migration, and in certain contexts this should be considered a labor-export policy. This chapter offers a definition of labor-export policy, as distinct from migration-management, and considers the recent research on states that engage in this type of policy.
Labor-Export-Mediated Industrialization in the Philippines, 1974–1984
Authors: Lee Suzy K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 describes the Philippine state’s efforts to reproduce the labor-export-mediated industrialization (LEMI) strategies utilized by the South Korean state. The Philippine labor-export program began a decade later but grew quickly, with Filipino workers replacing Korean workers in important markets. In order to achieve this, the Philippine state built the modern labor-export apparatus—creating state institutions for coordinating, regulating, and facilitating contract migration, as well as programs for training Filipino workers in the skills required by foreign employers. At the same time, it implemented policies to support the national construction industry in its efforts to expand abroad. Despite the success in labor export, the overall impact of LEMI strategies in the Philippines were less dramatic than in the Korean case. While labor export was effective in helping Philippine firms gain a foothold in the Middle Eastern construction market, those gains did not carry over into the national economy more generally.
The Goodness of Equality
Authors: Macklem Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
By its very nature, equality is deeply invested with circumstance, and so must be approached with circumstance in mind, rather than as an ideal. The dimensions of equality, as we have known and pursued them, have become the key commonalities of the modern era, and the special worth of equality is to be discovered in the fact that it has made those commonalities possible, by reason of the very features that make equality troubling when pursued as an ideal. Equality is at once both auxiliary and indifferent to what it is auxiliary to, committed to the act of assistance rather than to the nature of the assistance provided, concerned to vindicate solidarity itself rather than the various things that solidarity makes possible, and in those troubling features lie its worth. Its moral flexibility enables us to call upon it to give voice to whatever species of solidarity our culture and politics may happen to call for, or more ambitiously and progressively, for the species of solidarity that our culture and politics truly ought to call for, given that it is fluid, liberal, open, and dynamic (and likely to remain so for some time). These are qualities that largely bar us from fostering many familiar and long-standing forms of solidarity, yet are apt for certain distinctive commonalities of flourishing that, as things now stand, we regularly and self-definingly add to, notably those experienced by women, racial, ethnic, gender, and religious minorities, the elderly, the disabled, and those who are otherwise vulnerable.
The Ideal and the Everyday
Authors: Macklem Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The final chapter weaves two stories together. The first has to do with the difficulty of living well, and the fruitfulness that comes from the fact of difficulty, the decisions it confronts us with, and the creativity this gives rise to, a creativity from which flows much of the worth of our existences, individual and collective. The second story is one of law and its worth. It turns out that we can only grasp the worth of law properly by having a suitable regard for difficulty and decision there, a regard that certain justly celebrated accounts of law and its worth would rule out of court, so to speak. If the person entitled to inherit under the terms of a will murders the testator, there is a question of whether the murder is a bar to any inheritance by the murderer. Is there a right way to answer that question and should the law be regarded as embodying the consequent right answer? Or are there a number of right ways to answer the question, and does the law embody larger possibilities for the worth of existence, and our grasp of and contribution to that worth, if it accepts and faces up to the difficulty, and so not only expects and supports but embodies the need for decision? If so, law is the richer for the fact that it is to be identified by its sources rather than its merits, more or less contrary to what one would intuitively suppose.
Perceived Control and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Magin Zachary E , Emrich Mariel , Park Crystal L , Peña Isabella , Lyn Lynda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Perceived control, defined as an individual’s belief in their ability to influence life events and circumstances, has been implicated in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some research has demonstrated a link between perceived control and blood pressure, a major CVD risk factor. However, methodological differences across studies, including variability in definitions and measures of perceived control, preclude a clear understanding of this relationship.

Purpose
This systematic review describes the evidence regarding the association between perceived control and blood pressure, with a specific focus on integrating the literatures across multiple control-related constructs to provide a comprehensive understanding of their relationship with blood pressure.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted across five databases. Data were extracted from 24 studies that quantitatively examined the relationship between perceived control and blood pressure and met inclusion criteria. Results across studies were narratively synthesized.

Results
Limited evidence emerged across studies showing a negative relationship between perceived control and both resting blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure, but no studies reviewed found that perceived control was associated with lower blood pressure reactivity to a lab stressor.

Conclusions
The findings here provide preliminary evidence that perceived control may serve as an important protective factor against high blood pressure. The findings highlight the need for additional quality research to examine this link more thoroughly. Recommendations for future research are provided.