bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient rheology of the Sumatran mantle wedge revealed by a decade of great earthquakes
Authors: Qiu Qiang , Moore James D. P. , Barbot Sylvain , Feng Lujia , Hill Emma M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the rheological properties of the upper mantle is essential to develop a consistent model of mantle dynamics and plate tectonics. However, the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of these properties remain unclear. Here, we infer the rheological properties of the asthenosphere across multiple great megathrust earthquakes between 2004 and 2014 along the Sumatran subduction zone, taking advantage of decade-long continuous GPS and tide-gauge measurements. We observe transient mantle wedge flow following these earthquakes, and infer the temporal evolution of the effective viscosity. We show that the evolution of stress and strain rate following these earthquakes is better matched by a bi-viscous than by a power-law rheology model, and we estimate laterally heterogeneous transient and background viscosities on the order of ~1017 and ~1019 Pa s, respectively. Our results constitute a preliminary rheological model to explain stress evolution within earthquake cycles and the development of seismic hazard in the region.
HCN2 Rescues brain defects by enforcing endogenous voltage pre-patterns
Authors: Pai Vaibhav P. , Pietak Alexis , Willocq Valerie , Ye Bin , Shi Nian-Qing , Levin Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEndogenous bioelectrical signaling coordinates cell behaviors toward correct anatomical outcomes. Lack of a model explaining spatialized dynamics of bioelectric states has hindered the understanding of the etiology of some birth defects and the development of predictive interventions. Nicotine, a known neuroteratogen, induces serious defects in brain patterning and learning. Our bio-realistic computational model explains nicotine’s effects via the disruption of endogenous bioelectrical gradients and predicts that exogenous HCN2 ion channels would restore the endogenous bioelectric prepatterns necessary for brain patterning. Voltage mapping in vivo confirms these predictions, and exogenous expression of the HCN2 ion channel rescues nicotine-exposed embryos, resulting in normal brain morphology and molecular marker expression, with near-normal learning capacity. By combining molecular embryology, electrophysiology, and computational modeling, we delineate a biophysical mechanism of developmental brain damage and its functional rescue.
Strong phenotypic plasticity limits potential for evolutionary responses to climate change
Authors: Oostra Vicencio , Saastamoinen Marjo , Zwaan Bas J. , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity, the expression of multiple phenotypes from one genome, is a widespread adaptation to short-term environmental fluctuations, but whether it facilitates evolutionary adaptation to climate change remains contentious. Here, we investigate seasonal plasticity and adaptive potential in an Afrotropical butterfly expressing distinct phenotypes in dry and wet seasons. We assess the transcriptional architecture of plasticity in a full-factorial analysis of heritable and environmental effects across 72 individuals, and reveal pervasive gene expression differences between the seasonal phenotypes. Strikingly, intra-population genetic variation for plasticity is largely absent, consistent with specialisation to a particular environmental cue reliably predicting seasonal transitions. Under climate change, deteriorating accuracy of predictive cues will likely aggravate maladaptive phenotype-environment mismatches and increase selective pressures on reaction norms. However, the observed paucity of genetic variation for plasticity limits evolutionary responses, potentially weakening prospects for population persistence. Thus, seasonally plastic species may be especially vulnerable to climate change.
The H2B deubiquitinase Usp22 promotes antibody class switch recombination by facilitating non-homologous end joining
Authors: Li Conglei , Irrazabal Thergiory , So Clare C. , Berru Maribel , Du Likun , Lam Evelyn , Ling Alexanda K. , Gommerman Jennifer L. , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Martin Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClass switch recombination (CSR) has a fundamental function during humoral immune response and involves the induction and subsequent repair of DNA breaks in the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch regions. Here we show the role of Usp22, the SAGA complex deubiquitinase that removes ubiquitin from H2B-K120, in the repair of programmed DNA breaks in vivo. Ablation of Usp22 in primary B cells results in defects in γH2AX and impairs the classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), affecting both V(D)J recombination and CSR. Surprisingly, Usp22 depletion causes defects in CSR to various Ig isotypes, but not IgA. We further demonstrate that IgG CSR primarily relies on c-NHEJ, whereas CSR to IgA is more reliant on the alternative end joining pathway, indicating that CSR to different isotypes involves distinct DNA repair pathways. Hence, Usp22 is the first deubiquitinase reported to regulate both V(D)J recombination and CSR in vivo by facilitating c-NHEJ.
Fostering the exchange of real world data across different countries to answer primary care research questions: an UNLOCK study from the IPCRG
Authors: Cragg Liza , Williams Siân , van der Molen Thys , Thomas Mike , Correia de Sousa Jaime , Chavannes Niels H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is growing awareness amongst healthcare planners, providers and researchers of the need to make better use of routinely collected health data by translating it into actionable information that improves efficiency of healthcare and patient outcomes. There is also increased acceptance of the importance of real world research that recruits patients representative of primary care populations and evaluates interventions realistically delivered by primary care professionals. The UNLOCK Group is an international collaboration of primary care researchers and practitioners from 15 countries. It has coordinated and shared datasets of diagnostic and prognostic variables for COPD and asthma to answer research questions meaningful to professionals working in primary care over a 6-year period. Over this time the UNLOCK Group has undertaken several studies using data from unselected primary care populations from diverse contexts to evaluate the burden of disease, multiple morbidities, treatment and follow-up. However, practical and structural constraints have hampered the UNLOCK Group’s ability to translate research ideas into studies. This study explored the constraints, challenges and successes experienced by the UNLOCK Group and its participants’ learning as researchers and primary care practitioners collaborating to answer primary care research questions. The study identified lessons for future studies and collaborations that require data sharing across borders. It also explored specific challenges to fostering the exchange of primary care data in comparison to other datasets such as public health, prescribing or hospital data and mechanisms that may be used to overcome these.
Elliptical vortex and oblique vortex lattice in the FeSe superconductor based on the nematicity and mixed superconducting orders
Authors: Lu Da-Chuan , Lv Yang-Yang , Li Jun , Zhu Bei-Yi , Wang Qiang-Hua , Wang Hua-Bing , Wu Pei-Heng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe electronic nematic phase is characterized as an ordered state of matter with rotational symmetry breaking, and has been well studied in the quantum Hall system and the high-T
c
superconductors, regardless of cuprate or pnictide family. The nematic state in high-T
c
systems often relates to the structural transition or electronic instability in the normal phase. Nevertheless, the electronic states below the superconducting transition temperature is still an open question. With high-resolution scanning tunneling microscope measurements, direct observation of vortex core in FeSe thin films revealed the nematic superconducting state by Song et al. Here, motivated by the experiment, we construct the extended Ginzburg–Landau free energy to describe the elliptical vortex, where a mixed s-wave and d-wave superconducting order is coupled to the nematic order. The nematic order induces the mixture of two superconducting orders and enhances the anisotropic interaction between the two superconducting orders, resulting in a symmetry breaking from C4 to C2. Consequently, the vortex cores are stretched into an elliptical shape. In the equilibrium state, the elliptical vortices assemble a lozenge-like vortex lattice, being well consistent with experimental results.
Association between maternal interpregnancy interval after live birth or pregnancy termination and birth weight: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Dang Shaonong , Bai Ruhai , Mi Baibing , Wang Lingling , Yan Hong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe used quantile regression (QR) to assess if the length of the interpregnancy interval (IPI) after live birth and pregnancy termination is associated with weight in subsequent birth. The analysis included 9663 and 3400 women with IPI after live birth and pregnancy termination, respectively. For the women after live birth, an IPI < 12 months had negative effects at the 5th and 10th quantiles of the birth weight (BW) distribution. When the BW was beyond the 90th quantile, the BWs of newborns whose mothers with longer IPI (36–59 months) were higher than the reference group (18~23 months). For women after pregnancy termination in the 10th quantile, it was observed that those pregnant women with IPIs between 36 and 47 months had a negative effect (150 g) on BW compared with the reference group. This finding revealed that mothers with IPI < 12 months resulted in a decrease of 85 g at 75th quantile. The impact of IPI > 119 months in the upper quantile (95th) had an increase of 330 g in BW. Our results demonstrated that both short (<12 months) and long (>36 months) IPIs are independently associated with higher risks of low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia.
Capillary flow homogenization during functional activation revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography based capillary velocimetry
Authors: Li Yuandong , Wei Wei , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElaborate modeling study suggests an important role of capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTTH) reduction in brain oxygenation during functional hyperemia. Here, we use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) capillary velocimetry to probe blood flow dynamics in cerebral capillary beds and validate the change in CTTH during functional activation in an in vivo rodent model. Through evaluating flow dynamics and consequent transit time parameters from thousands of capillary vessels within three-dimensional (3-D) tissue volume upon hindpaw electrical stimulation, we observe reductions in both capillary mean transit time (MTT) (9.8% ± 2.2) and CTTH (5.9% ± 1.4) in the hindlimb somatosensory cortex (HLS1). Additionally, capillary flow pattern modification is observed with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the HLS1 and non-activated cortex regions. These quantitative findings reveal a localized microcirculatory adjustment during functional activation, consistent with previous studies, and support the critical contribution of capillary flow homogenization to brain oxygenation. The OCTA velocimetry is a useful tool to image microcirculatory dynamics in vivo using animal models, enabling a more comprehensive understanding as to hemodynamic-metabolic coupling.
Critical test of isotropic periodic sum techniques with group-based cut-off schemes
Authors: Nozawa Takuma , Yasuoka Kenji , Takahashi Kazuaki Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTruncation is still chosen for many long-range intermolecular interaction calculations to efficiently compute free-boundary systems, macromolecular systems and net-charge molecular systems, for example. Advanced truncation methods have been developed for long-range intermolecular interactions. Every truncation method can be implemented as one of two basic cut-off schemes, namely either an atom-based or a group-based cut-off scheme. The former computes interactions of “atoms” inside the cut-off radius, whereas the latter computes interactions of “molecules” inside the cut-off radius. In this work, the effect of group-based cut-off is investigated for isotropic periodic sum (IPS) techniques, which are promising cut-off treatments to attain advanced accuracy for many types of molecular system. The effect of group-based cut-off is clearly different from that of atom-based cut-off, and severe artefacts are observed in some cases. However, no severe discrepancy from the Ewald sum is observed with the extended IPS techniques.
Dienamine Catalysis for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Anebouselvy Kengadarane , Ramachary Dhevalapally B , Kumar Indresh 
Published: March 2018

In the past decade a new era in asymmetric catalysis has been realised by the discovery of L-proline induced chiral enamines from carbonyls. Inspired by this, researchers have developed many other primary catalytic species in situ, more recently secondary catalytic species such as aminals have been identified for use in asymmetric synthesis.
High-yielding asymmetric synthesis of bioactive and natural products through mild catalysis is an efficient approach in reaction engineering. In the early days, synthetic chemists mainly focused on the synthesis of complex molecules, with less attention on the reaction efficiency and eco-friendly conditions. Recent investigations have been directed towards the development of atom economy, eco-friendly and enantioselective synthesis for more targeted and efficient synthesis.
Building on the momentum of this rapidly expanding research area, Dienamine Catalysis for Organic Synthesis will provide a comprehensive introduction, from the preformed species, in situ generation and onto their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products.
Miniaturised FSS structure with excellent angular stability based on strong coupling for millimetre‐wave communication
Authors: Li Tianwu , Li Da , Zhou Liming , Li Erping 
Published: March 2018

A miniaturised low‐profile frequency selective surface structure (FSSs) with highly angular stability is proposed in this Letter. Due to the strong coupling introduced by the thin dielectric, the designed FSS has a miniaturised unit size of 0.28λ, which can be applied to millimetre‐wave communication. To better analyse the structure performance, the equivalent circuit model (ECM) is proposed. Moreover, the prototype with the centre working frequency of 30 GHz is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The insertion loss is demonstrated <0.12 dB with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz under the normal incident wave. While the incident angle changes to 60°, it is <1.96 dB. In addition, the transmission zeroes remain at 36.4 GHz, when the incident angle varies from 0° to 60°, which result in a stable stopband following the passband. Particularly, the passband and stopband are controlled by two coupling capacitors, so the passband and stopband can be adjusted independently by changing the different parts of the structure. Finally, the results obtained by the ECM, simulation, and measurement have a good agreement, which demonstrates that the proposed FSS design is a good candidate for millimetre‐wave communication.
Moisture estimation for oil‐immersed bushing based on FDS method: at a reference temperature
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Zhou Lijun , Li Huize , Liao Wei , Xu Xiaowei , Guo Lei 
Published: March 2018

Oil‐immersed bushing is one of the most important accessory equipment of a transformer, whose insulation status is crucial. Moisture is an important factor that affects the insulation status of oil‐immersed bushing. It has a very important significance to estimate the moisture content of oil‐immersed bushing accurately. Here, the 72.5 kV bushing samples with different moisture contents were made. Afterwards, the frequency domain dielectric spectrum (FDS) of samples were tested at 15°C. The Havriliak–Negami equation was modified based on the analysations of complex planes, then it was used to analyse the experimental results. Moreover, the characteristic parameters and method to estimate moisture content were obtained and testified. Finally, the field application of the proposed estimation method was also discussed. The results of the studies shown here indicate that the moisture content of oil‐immersed bushing can be estimated based on the proposed method effectively; however, in order to estimate the moisture content of field oil‐immersed bushing, the elimination of temperature effects should be considered.
Wavelet theory applied to the study of spectra of trans-Neptunian objects
Authors: Souza-Feliciano A. C. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Jiménez-Teja Y. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Reflection spectroscopy in the near-infrared (NIR) is used to investigate the surface composition of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). In general, these spectra are difficult to interpret due to the low apparent brightness of the TNOs, causing low signal-to-noise ratio even in spectra obtained with the largest telescopes available on Earth, making it necessary to use filtering techniques to analyze and interpret them.
Aims. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to analyze the spectra of TNOs. Specifically, our aim was to filter these spectra in the best possible way: maximizing noise removal, while minimizing the loss of signal.
Methods. We used wavelets to filter the spectra. Wavelets are a mathematical tool that decompose the signal into its constituent parts, allowing us to analyze the data in different areas of frequencies with the resolution of each component tied to its scale. To check the reliability of our method, we compared the filtered spectra with the spectra of water and methanol ices to identify some common structures between them.
Results. Of the 50 TNOs in our sample, we identify traces of water ices and methanol in the spectra of several of them, some with previous reports, while for other objects there were no previous reports.
Conclusions. We conclude that the wavelet technique is successful in filtering spectra of TNOs.
Deutschlandweite Umfrage zur Wertigkeit der Ultraschalldiagnostik im
Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Heyduck Adrienne , Jecker Peter , Bozzato Alessandro 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung2013–2014 wurde eine deutschlandweite Umfrage zur aktuellen Anwendung und Wertigkeit der Ultraschalldiagnostik
im Kopf-Hals-Bereich durchgeführt. Hier war das Augenmerk insbesondere auf die Integration der
Ultraschalldiagnostik im praktischen Alltag des HNO-Arztes im klinischen und im niedergelassenen Bereich
gerichtet. Analysiert wurden ferner die aktuell geltenden Standardisierungsprozesse und
Ausbildungsrichtlinien.
Mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Krebspatienten
Authors: Gorges Johanna , Wehler Beatrice , Krüger Maximilian , Singer Susanne 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bis dato existieren wenige Studien über die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ) bei
Patienten mit Krebserkrankungen. Die European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) hat
kürzlich einen Fragebogen zur Erfassung der MLQ erstellt, den Quality of Life Questionnaire – Oral Health
Module 15 (EORTC QLQ-OH15). Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Identifizierung möglicher Einschränkungen von MLQ bei
Krebspatienten im klinischen Alltag.
Patienten und Methoden Die MLQ wurde zu einem nicht näher definierten Zeitpunkt während der
Akutbehandlung (t1), 2 Wochen (t2) und 3 Monate (t3) nach dem ersten
Befragungszeitpunkt mit dem EORTC QLQ-OH15 gemessen. Als mögliche Prädiktoren der MLQ wurden zu t2
Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung, Krebsentität und Therapie explorativ untersucht.
Ergebnisse 40 Patienten nahmen initial an der Studie teil. Im Vergleich zu t1 litten die
Patienten zu t2 mehr an klebrigem Speichel und Empfindlichkeit bei Essen und Trinken. Außerdem
trugen weniger Patienten eine Zahnprothese. Zu t3 zeigte sich eine Verschlechterung hinsichtlich
der Zufriedenheit über die Aufklärung von Problemen im Mundbereich. Über 50-Jährige, Frauen, Patienten mit
geringer Bildung, Tumor im Kopf- und Halsbereich, palliativer Therapie, Operation oder zielgerichteter
Krebstherapie gaben eine schlechtere MLQ zu t2 an als andere Patienten.Die MLQ ist bei Krebspatienten von klinischer Relevanz. Sie scheint vor allem nach Ende der Therapie
eingeschränkt zu sein, und dies nicht nur bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Der EORTC QLQ-OH15 ist trotz
seiner Kürze in der Lage, diese Unterschiede abzubilden und wird von den Patienten gut akzeptiert, sodass er
für zukünftige Studien in dem Bereich empfohlen werden kann.
Mikrobielle Keratitis, Teil 1: allgemeine Aspekte und bakterielle Keratitiden
Authors: Schmack Ingo , Müller Michael , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungInfektiöse Entzündungen der Hornhaut (mikrobielle Keratitiden) stellen potenziell visusbedrohende Erkrankungen dar. Je nach Schweregrad und Verlauf können sie bis zum Verlust des Auges führen. Entscheidend für das Sehvermögen ist, dass die Erreger schnell erkannt und zielgerichtet therapiert werden. Dieser Beitrag behandelt zunächst generelle klinische, diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte mikrobieller Keratitiden und geht anschließend auf die Besonderheiten bakterieller Keratitiden ein. In einem zweiten Teil werden klinische, methodische und therapeutische Besonderheiten von Keratomykosen und Akanthamöbenkeratitiden besprochen [1].
Schlafstörungen und Beeinträchtigungen des Schlafs als Nebenwirkungen von Psychopharmaka: eine Bewertung der Daten aus Fachinformationen
Authors: Gahr Maximilian , Connemann Bernhard J. , Zeiss René , Fröhlich Albrecht 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Psychopharmakotherapie hat bei der Behandlung zahlreicher psychischer Störungen einen großen Stellenwert. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) beeinflussen dabei die Compliance und Verträglichkeit. Auch Beeinträchtigungen des Schlafs können als UAW einer Psychopharmakotherapie auftreten. Schlafstörungen sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für körperliche und psychische Erkrankungen assoziiert und beeinträchtigen Kognition, Impulskontrolle, Emotionsregulation und Stimmung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die systematische Darstellung der Art und des Risikos für Schlafstörungen/Beeinträchtigungen des Schlafs durch häufig verordnete Psychopharmaka.
Methodik Auf der Basis des Arzneiverordnungs-Reports 2016 wurden die in Deutschland verordnungsstärksten Psychopharmaka identifiziert. Die Fachinformationen (FI) der zugehörigen Originalpräparate wurden im Hinblick auf Nennung und Häufigkeitsangaben von Schlafstörungen/Beeinträchtigungen des Schlafs gemäß der International Classification of Sleep Disorders 3 (ICSD-3) untersucht.
Ergebnisse Es wurden n = 64 FI untersucht. Bei der überwiegenden Zahl wurde mindestens eine Schlafstörung aufgeführt (50/64; 78 %). In den Kategorien Insomnien (52 %), Parasomnien (33 %) und schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörungen (20 %) wurde am häufigsten mindestens eine FI mit entsprechender UAW gefunden; schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen (6 %) und Hypersomnien zentralnervösen Ursprungs (5 %) waren selten aufgeführt; zirkadiane Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörungen wurden nicht gefunden. In den FI der vier verordnungsstärksten Wirkstoffe (Citalopram > Venlafaxin > Mirtazapin > Sertralin) war Insomnie aufgeführt. Nahezu alle untersuchten Hypnotika (Ausnahme: Chlorahlydrat) waren mit Albträumen assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung(en) Die meisten der in Deutschland häufig verordneten Psychopharmaka können Schlafstörungen/Beeinträchtigungen des Schlafs induzieren. Bei den vier verordnungsstärksten Wirkstoffen handelte es sich um Antidepressiva und in den zugehörigen FI war jeweils Insomnie aufgeführt. Bei der Behandlung mit Psychopharmaka sollte auf das Auftreten von Schlafstörungen als eine mögliche Nebenwirkung geachtet werden.