bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐copy nuclear markers in Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) identified with transcriptomes
Authors: Schafran Peter W. , Johnson Gabriel , Taylor W. Carl , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Musselman Lytton J. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyFew genetic markers provide phylogenetic information in closely related species of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae). We describe the development of primers for several putative low‐copy nuclear markers to resolve the phylogeny of Isoëtes, particularly in the southeastern United States.Methods and ResultsWe identified regions of interest in Isoëtes transcriptomes based on low‐copy genes in other plants. Primers were designed for these regions and tested with 16 taxa of Isoëtes and one species of Lycopodium. Parts of the pgiC, gapC, and IBR3 gene regions show phylogenetic signal within the North American and Mediterranean clades of Isoëtes.ConclusionsTranscriptome data prove useful for identification and primer design of low‐copy genes. Three new markers show potential for inferring phylogenies in regional clades of Isoëtes, and possibly across the entire genus.
Validation of at least 1 mm as cut-off for resection margins for pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail
Authors: Hank T , Hinz U , Tarantino I , Kaiser J , Niesen W , Bergmann F , Hackert T , Büchler M W , Strobel O 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The definition of resection margin (R) status in pancreatic cancer is under debate. Although a margin of at least 1 mm is an independent predictor of survival after resection for pancreatic head cancer, its relevance to pancreatic body and tail cancers remains unclear. This study aimed to validate R status based on a 1-mm tumour-free margin as a prognostic factor for resected adenocarcinoma involving the pancreatic body and tail.

Methods
Patients who underwent distal or total pancreatectomy for adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic body and tail between January 2006 and December 2014 were identified from a prospective database. Resection margins were evaluated using a predefined cut-off of 1 mm. Rates of R0, R1 with invasion within 1 mm of the margin (R1 less than 1 mm), and R1 with direct invasion of the resection margin (R1 direct) were determined, and overall survival in each group assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of survival.

Results
R0 resection was achieved in 107 (23·5 per cent) and R1 in 348 (76·5 per cent) of 455 patients. Among R1 resections, invasion within 1 mm of the margin was found in 104 (22·9 per cent) and direct invasion in 244 (53·6 per cent). The R0 rate was 28·9 per cent after distal and 18·6 per cent after total pancreatectomy. In the total cohort, median survival times for patients with R0, R1 (less than 1 mm) and R1 (direct) status were 62·4, 24·6 and 17·2 months respectively, with 5-year survival rates of 52·6, 16·8 and 13·0 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). In patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, respective median survival times were 68·6, 32·8 and 21·4 months, with 5-year survival rates of 56, 22 and 16·0 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis, R status was independently associated with survival.

Conclusion
A cut-off of at least 1 mm for evaluation of resection margins is an independent determinant of survival after resection of adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic body and tail.
How risk information and stakeholder‐participation affect the sustainability of collaborative decisions: A case study on how the sustainability of stakeholder decisions is affected by different levels of stakeholder participation in preparing risk information
Authors: Saravanamuthu Kala 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParticipatory approaches are the preferred means of assessing environmental damage attributed to the pursuit of profit through the unsustainable deployment of technology. This paper examines how nonprobabilistic risk information, and stakeholder participation in preparing and evaluating this information, influences the formulation of socially acceptable safety thresholds aimed at regulating the unsustainable use of technologies. It concludes that participatory risk platforms, which integrate experts' technical and other stakeholders' social values into safety thresholds, better reflect technological harm despite its characteristic complex causality, inherent uncertainty and diffused responsibility. Further, the multifold consequences of active and genuine stakeholder involvement in constructing risk information—namely, social learning, confidence and trust in regulatory systems—are important for engendering sustainable behaviors at the psycho‐cognitive level. Stakeholders acquire capacities for social learning, which increases the chances of competing interests becoming open to other perspectives and the needs of the ecosystem, while generating confidence and trust in the risk‐construction process.
“Blind” pericardiocentesis: A comparison of different puncture directions
Authors: Petri Nils , Ertel Babett , Gassenmaier Tobias , Lengenfelder Björn , Bley Thorsten A. , Voelker Wolfram 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground“Blind” pericardiocentesis is the standard procedure for emergency pericardial drainage when ultrasound guidance is unavailable. Under these circumstances, puncture site and needle direction are exclusively oriented according to certain anatomic landmarks. In the literature, different techniques for this “blind” method have been described. Goal of this retrospective study was to compare the potential success and complication rate of 13 simulated puncture directions.MethodsSimulated pericardiocentesis was performed in 150 CT scans from patients with moderate to severe pericardial effusions (greater than 1 cm distance between epicardium and pericardium). Thirteen different puncture techniques with varying puncture sites, direction of the puncture, and the angle were compared. A simulated pericardiocentesis was classified as “successful” when the effusion was reached. It was classified as “successful without a complication” when no adjacent structure was penetrated by the simulated puncture (lung, liver, internal thoracic artery, LAD, colon, and stomach). An attempt was declared as “unsuccessful” when the pericardial effusion was not reached at all, or the reached effusion measured less than 0.5 cm between the epicardium and pericardium at the location where the needle entered the pericardium.ResultsA subxiphoidal puncture technique starting in Larrey's triangle (sternocostal triangle) and directed toward the left midclavicular point with a 30° inclination resulted in the highest success rate (131 of 150 cases = 87%). In parallel the lowest complication rate (7 of 150 = 5%) was found using this technique, as well. In contrast, pericardiocentesis performed using other puncture directions resulted in lower success (66%–85%) and higher complication rates (9%–31%).ConclusionThis CT‐based simulation study revealed that blind pericardiocentesis guided by anatomical landmarks only is best performed in a subxiphoid approach with a needle direction to the left midclavicular point with a 30° inclination. Nevertheless, injury of adjacent structures occurred frequently (5%) even when applying this puncture technique. Thus, blind pericardiocentesis can be performed with a high success rate and seems adequate to be performed under emergency conditions. However, planned procedures should be performed under image guidance.
Long‐term follow up of 3 T MRI‐detected brain lesions after percutaneous catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Bellmann Barbara , Rillig Andreas , Skurk Carsten , Leistner David Manuel , Haeusler Karl Georg , Lin Tina , Geran Rohat , Koehler Luzie , Guttmann Selma , Tscholl Verena , Roser Mattias , Lenz Klaus , Villringer Kersten , Wun Park Jai‐ , Fiebach Jochen B. , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage closure (LAAC) for stroke prevention is an increasingly performed intervention.AimsThis prospective study aims to evaluate the incidence of long‐term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected brain lesions as well as potential changes of neurocognitive function after percutaneous LAAC.MethodsBrain MRI at 3 T was performed within 24 hr before and after LAAC. A follow‐up MRI was carried out after three months. Neuro‐cognitive examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Test was performed.ResultsSuccessful device implantation was achieved in all 25 patients (age 74.6 ± 10.2 years, male = 17) using the Amulet (n = 20), Occlutech (n = 3), or a Lambre (n = 2) device. In 12/25 (48%) patients, acute brain lesions (ABL) were detected after LAAC. A three‐month follow‐up MRI was performed in seven patients, and no new ABLs were seen. In 5/7 (71%) patients, there were no residual changes from the ABLs detectable. However, the FLAIR sequence was still positive in two patients. After LAAC, there were no significant differences in the MoCA‐test (mean 24.3 ± 4.5 vs. 23.5 ± 4.5; P = 0.1) and the NIHSS‐score (mean 0.9 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 1.8; P = 0.1). This was the same at the three‐month follow‐up (MoCA‐test 23.5 ± 4.5 vs. 23.8 ± 2.7; P = 0.3; NIHSS‐score 1.2 ± 1.8 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8; P = 0.4).ConclusionWhile new MRI‐detected brain lesions are commonly observed after percutaneous LAAC, ABLs were no longer detectable in 71% of the patients at the three‐month follow‐up. There were no significant changes in neurocognitive function after LAAC and at the three‐month follow‐up.
Medical simulation in interventional cardiology: “More research is needed”
Authors: Tajti Peter , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Medical simulation is being used for training fellows to perform coronary angiography.
Medical simulation training was associated with 2 min less fluoroscopy time per case after adjustment.
Whether medical simulation really works needs to be evaluated in additional, well‐designed and executed clinical studies.
Merely subintimal coronary plaque modification improves health status: Not all CTO recanalization failures are alike?
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Lemos Pedro A. 
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Failed CTO angioplasty was divided in two groups: with and without “subintimal plaque modification.”
At 1‐month, patients treated with “subintimal plaque modification” had larger increases in health status as assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire.
The relatively small sample size and the lack of a longer follow‐up period does not allow definite conclusion in terms of safety or clinical events.
Over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves. Is there a limit?
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Webb John G. 
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation can be successful in selected patients with annuli beyond the current recommended limits for available transcatheter valves.
Over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable valves beyond current guidelines may play a role.
The limits of over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable valves are not well understood.
Mechanisms of Solvent‐Mediated Structural Transformations for Dynamic Crystals of Supramolecular Coordination Systems
Authors: Zhou Hang , Li Cheng‐Peng , Du Miao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThus far, reports about the transformations for dynamic crystals of supramolecular coordination systems mainly include single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal reactions, and solvent‐mediated processes. This Concept focuses on the mechanisms for solvent‐mediated structural transformations of dynamic crystals, which can be classified into two categories, that is, core‐on‐shell and core‐to‐core. The core‐on‐shell mechanism means that the core of the new crystal is generated from the shell of original crystal, being concomitant with the dissolution of the mother crystal. In contrast, for the core‐to‐core case, the growth of new crystal core and the dissolution of original crystal core will proceed simultaneously, but they are physically separated. Herein, the two mechanisms are elucidated in detail, with some typical examples from recent advances.
Radial Diffusers – Simulation of Three‐Dimensional Flow Effects with CFD (Part 1)
Authors: Findeisen Fabian , Urbaneck Thorsten , Platzer Bernd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRadialdiffusoren dienen der Be‐ und Entladung von thermischen Speichern und beeinflussen signifikant die Qualität der thermischen Schichtung. Zur Verbesserung der Schichtungsqualität ist das Verständnis der komplexen Strömungsvorgänge notwendig. Gegenstand von Teil 1 der Veröffentlichungsreihe ist die Simulation einer isothermen Strömung im Radialdiffusor unter besonderer Beachtung der Strömungsvorgänge in der Einlaufstrecke sowie der Grenzschichtbehandlung. Nur bei einer sehr guten Auflösung der Grenzschichtströmung ist ein symmetrisches Ausströmen festzustellen.
Privacy in Doubt: An Empirical Investigation of Canadians' Knowledge of Corporate Data Collection and Usage Practices
Authors: Rice Marshall David , Bogdanov Ekaterina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigate Canadians' level of awareness of the ways in which businesses collect and use their data via existing and emerging technologies, including facial and voice recognition, mobile location tracking and the Internet of Things. In a survey of 1,005 Canadians, we found that many respondents are ill informed about how their data are being collected and used. Such low awareness of data practices is partially explained by the shortcomings of the “privacy notice.” We suggest further research into alternative methods of informing Canadians about corporate data practices and of enhancing individuals' control of private data in today's increasingly connected and mobile world. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of the AHOD0431 trial of response adapted therapy and a salvage strategy for limited stage, classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Keller Frank G. , Castellino Sharon M. , Chen Lu , Pei Qinglin , Voss Stephan D. , McCarten Kathleen M. , Senn Stacy L. , Buxton Allen B. , Bush Rizvan , Constine Louis S. , Schwartz Cindy L. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Children's Oncology Group AHOD0431 study evaluated a response‐directed treatment paradigm in which minimal initial chemotherapy and low‐dose radiation was received only by patients who did not achieve a complete remission, and a chemotherapy/low‐dose radiation salvage regimen was received by those who had a protocol‐defined, low‐risk recurrence.METHODSPatients younger than 21 years who had stage IA or IIA nonbulky disease were eligible. The treatment strategy was evaluated by determining the proportion that received minimal chemotherapy alone, the proportion that had a first or second remission without the receipt of high‐dose chemotherapy/stem cell rescue or higher dose involved‐field radiation therapy (>21 grays), and overall survival.RESULTSIn total, 278 patients were eligible. At 4 years, 49.0% had received minimal chemotherapy and no radiation, 88.8% were in remission without receiving high‐dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue or >21 grays of involved‐field radiation therapy, and the overall survival rate was 99.6%. Patients who had mixed cellularity histology had a 4‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate of 95.2%, which was significantly better than the 75.8% EFS for those who had nodular sclerosis histology (P = .008). A red blood cell sedimentation rate ≤20 mm/hour and a negative fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography scan after 1 cycle of chemotherapy (PET1) were associated with a favorable EFS outcome. The study was closed early when the receipt of radiation therapy exceeded the predefined monitoring boundary.CONCLUSIONSThis limited chemotherapy response‐based approach was successful in patients who had a negative PET1 result, had MC histology, or had a low red blood cell sedimentation rate. In this treatment paradigm, evaluation of increased chemotherapy intensity or the integration of active new agents is indicated for patients who have nodular sclerosis histology with a high ESR or who have a positive PET1 result. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Sensitivity analysis of geometrical parameters to study haemodynamics and thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage
Authors: García‐Isla Guadalupe , Olivares Andy Luis , Silva Etelvino , Nuñez‐Garcia Marta , Butakoff Constantine , Sanchez‐Quintana Damian , G. Morales Hernán , Freixa Xavier , Noailly Jérôme , De Potter Tom , Camara Oscar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe left atrial appendage (LAA) is a complex and heterogeneous protruding structure of the left atrium (LA). In atrial fibrillation patients, it is the location where 90% of the thrombi are formed. However, the role of the LAA in thrombus formation is not fully known yet. The main goal of this work is to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the most relevant LA and LAA morphological parameters in atrial blood flow dynamics. Simulations were run on synthetic ellipsoidal left atria models where different parameters were individually studied: pulmonary veins and mitral valve dimensions; LAA shape; and LA volume. Our computational analysis confirmed the relation between large LAA ostia, low blood flow velocities and thrombus formation. Additionally, we found that pulmonary vein configuration exerted a critical influence on LAA blood flow patterns. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the LAA and to support clinical decisions for atrial fibrillation patients.
Dynameric Frameworks with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Selective Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yuhao , Su Chengyong , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLuminogenic materials with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) have attracted considerable interest for applications. If these systems aggregate, the free rotation of their scaffold is restricted, and as a consequence the photoluminescence increases. Herein, the first experimental observation of a “dynameric effect” on AIE is described. A comparison is made of the AIE of molecular and dynameric sensors that exhibit non‐linear turn‐on switching of fluorescence upon their interaction with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Confirmation was obtained from the enhanced ATP detection with multivalent dynameric networks compared with a molecular sensor. The dynamic, reversible behaviour of the imine linkages is critical to produce this enhancement, as a static, imine‐reduced, polymeric sensor showed decreased AIE activity. The dynameric frameworks showed selectivity for ATP over adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate over guanosine triphosphate or cytidine triphosphate. Together, these results will accelerate the systematic discovery of efficient adaptive biomimetic sensors.
Gas‐Solution Phase Transient Absorption Study of the Plant Sunscreen Derivative Methyl Sinapate
Authors: Baker Lewis A. , Staniforth Michael , Flourat Amandine L. , Allais Florent , Stavros Vasilios G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe plant sunscreen derivative methyl sinapate is studied in the gas‐ and solution‐phase as an important step in understanding the structure‐dynamics‐function relationship of plant sunscreens such as sinapoyl malate. Results from gas‐phase experiments suggest a three step deactivation process after photoexcitation. Photoexcitation to the S1 state results in internal vibrational energy redistribution within 3 ps. Intersystem crossing then occurs in 30 ps between S1 and T1 and the latter state then persists outside our probe window (
1 ns). In solution with the weakly perturbing solvent cyclohexane, a dramatic change in the photophysical properties is observed. A trans‐cis isomerisation is observed to occur in 3 ps via a 1
/S0 conical intersection. The population which does not complete the isomerisation, relaxes via vibrational energy transfer to the solvent in 9 ps. A long‐lived photoproduct is then observed to persist and is identified as the cis‐isomer.
How to map forest structure from aircraft, one tree at a time
Authors: Dalponte Michele , Frizzera Lorenzo , Gianelle Damiano 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForest structure is strongly related to forest ecology, and it is a key parameter to understand ecosystem processes and services. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is becoming an important tool in environmental mapping. It is increasingly common to collect ALS data at high enough point density to recognize individual tree crowns (ITCs) allowing analyses to move beyond classical stand‐level approaches. In this study, an effective and simple method to map ITCs, and their stem diameter and aboveground biomass (AGB) is presented. ALS data were used to delineate ITCs and to extract ITCs’ height and crown diameter; then, using newly developed allometries, the ITCs’ diameter at breast height (DBH) and AGB were predicted. Gini coefficient of DBHs was also predicted and mapped aggregating ITCs predictions. Two datasets from spruce dominated temperate forests were considered: one was used to develop the allometric models, while the second was used to validate the methodology. The proposed approach provides accurate predictions of individual DBH and AGB (R2 = .85 and .78, respectively) and of tree size distributions. The proposed method had a higher generalization ability compared to a standard area‐based method, in particular for the prediction of the Gini coefficient of DBHs. The delineation method used detected more than 50% of the trees with DBH >10 cm. The detection rate was particularly low for trees with DBH below 10 cm, but they represent a small amount of the total biomass. The Gini coefficient of the DBH distribution was predicted at plot level with R2 = .46. The approach described in this work, easy applicable in different forested areas, is an important development of the traditional area‐based remote sensing tools and can be applied for more detailed analysis of forest ecology and dynamics.
Testing the effects of heterozygosity on growth rate plasticity in the seaweed Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Gallegos Sánchez Cristóbal F. , Beltrán Jessica , Flores Verónica , González Alejandra V. , Santelices Bernabé 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeterozygosity has been positively associated with fitness and population survival. However, the relationship between heterozygosity and adaptive phenotypic plasticity (i.e., plasticity which results in fitness homeostasis or improvement in changing environments) is unclear and has been poorly explored in seaweeds. In this study, we explored this relationship in the clonal red seaweed, Gracilaria chilensis by conducting three growth rate plasticity experiments under contrasting salinity conditions and by measuring heterozygosity with five microsatellite DNA markers. Firstly, we compared growth rate plasticity between the haploid and diploid phases. Secondly, we compared growth rate plasticity between diploids with different numbers of heterozygous loci. Finally, we compared growth rate plasticity between diploid plants from two populations that are expected to exhibit significant differences in heterozygosity. We found that, (i) diploids displayed a higher growth rate and lower growth rate plasticity than haploids, (ii) diploids with a higher number of heterozygous loci displayed lower growth rate plasticity than those exhibiting less heterozygosity, and (iii) diploid sporophytes from the population with higher heterozygosity displayed lower growth rate plasticity than those with lower heterozygosity. Accordingly, this study suggests that heterozygosity is inversely related to growth rate plasticity in G. chilensis. However, better genetic tools in seaweeds are required for a more definitive conclusion on the relationship between heterozygosity and phenotypic plasticity.