bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Function in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Frasnelli Johannes A. , Temmel Andreas F. , Quint Christian , Oberbauer Rainer , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Background Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) show a high prevalence of poor nutritional state so that dietary treatment becomes a significant part of the therapeutic regimen. Because smell plays an important role in nutrition, this study aimed to investigate olfactory function in CRF patients. Methods A total of 64 CRF patients were investigated. Forty-nine of them were treated with hemodialysis, 15 CRF patients were not dialysis dependent. For comparison we examined 15 healthy subjects. Olfactory function was assessed for odor discrimination, odor identification, and butanol odor thresholds. Results Olfactory loss was found in 56% of the patients, with 3 functional anosmics and 33 hyposmics. CRF had specific effects on individual tests of olfactory function. Elevated odor thresholds were found in 11% of patients, 38% of patients had reduced odor discrimination, and 48% of patients exhibited deficits in odor identification. Results of psychological tests (Mini–Mental State Examination and Trail-Making Test) correlated with results from odor identification (p < 0.01) and discrimination (p < 0.01) but not with odor thresholds. Conclusions The ability to discriminate and identify odors was found severely impaired whereas odor thresholds were similar to what is seen in the general population. Consequently, CRF patients should be counseled with regard to the possibility of reduced chemosensory functions.
A Model of Allergic Nasal Congestion in Dogs Sensitized to Ragweed
Authors: Rudolph Karin , Bice David E. , Hey John A. , Mcleod Robbie L. 
Published: August 2018

Background Acoustic rhinometry is a noninvasive method that uses sound waves to measure dimensions of the nasal cavity. Methods In this study, nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry in allergic Beagle dogs sensitized to ragweed allergen. Ragweed (0.03–0.3%) or vehicle were administered intranasally in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Results The instillation of ragweed caused a dose-related decrease in nasal cavity volume and minimal cross-sectional area (Amin) without adverse systemic effects. Nasal cavity volume and Amin decreased within 30 minutes after instillation of the highest ragweed dose by 35.1 ± 6.0% and 66.4 ± 13.8%, respectively, and persisted for at least 90 minutes. Oral administration of α-adrenergic agonist, d-pseudoephedrine (3 mg/kg), or histamine H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (10 mg/kg) blocked the ragweed-induced nasal congestion. Conclusion These results suggest that the canine model may be used to study upper-airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and to evaluate the pharmacologic activity of nasal decongestants.
Virtual Simulator as a Training Tool for Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Caversaccio Marco , Eichenberger Adrian , Häusler Rudolf 
Published: August 2018

Background Virtual simulation could be an important tool for medical and surgical training as well as education. The efficacy of a simulator for endoscopic nasal procedures in a training program was evaluated. Methods The simulator is a medical and scientific tool for visualizing and interacting with three-dimensional volumetric data. Twenty endonasal operations with chronic rhinosinusitis were simulated by two 3rd-year residents and proctored by the senior surgeon 1 day before the actual surgery was performed with an endoscope and computer-aided surgery. A questionnaire was established. Results The surgical simulator may provide a better understanding of the morphology of the paranasal sinuses with a minor impact on performance of endoscopy by junior residents. Disadvantages identified were time consumption, absence of force feedback, and subtle handling of the joysticks. Conclusion The virtual simulator allows the nonendoscopically nasal trained surgeon to understand and practice endonasal surgery using real-patient data but failed to make an impact on operating room performance. Furthermore, the simulator's effectiveness was limited by the absence of force feedback, subtle handling of the joysticks, and considerable time consumption.
Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kaplan Brian A. , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: August 2018

Background The goal of this study was to determine the role of nasal endoscopy in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery and to examine the correlation between nasal endoscopy and pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) grade, symptom scores, and the patients’ asthma status. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 254 consecutive patients treated with endoscopic sinus surgery was performed from 1999 to 2002. There were 131 men and 123 women, with a mean age of 48 years. All patients had at least 1-year follow-up. All patients received preoperative CT scans, which were graded as per Lund-MacKay, completed the sinonasal outcome test 20 questionnaires, and underwent endoscopic nasal examination at both the preoperative and 1-year postoperative visits. The correlation between the endoscopy score, CT grade, and sinonasal outcome test 20 findings was calculated. Results Nasal endoscopy indicated a statistically significant correlation with preoperative CT grade in this patient population. There was no correlation between endoscopic findings and patient symptom scores. Nasal endoscopy in patients with asthma (n = 47) did not correlate with either CT grade or patient symptom scores. In patients without asthma (n = 207), nasal endoscopy correlated with CT grade but not with symptom scores. Conclusion Nasal endoscopy findings do not correlate with symptom scores in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Nasal endoscopy findings correlated with CT grade in patients without asthma, but no such correlation was found in patients with asthma.
Embolization for the Treatment of Idiopathic Posterior Epistaxis
Authors: Gurney Theresa A. , Dowd Christopher F. , Murr Andrew H. 
Published: August 2018

Background The goal of this study was to examine safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization for the treatment of idiopathic posterior epistaxis. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to characterize the underlying conditions of eighty-one consecutive patients for whom complete records were available presenting with posterior epistaxis, the associated risk factors for patients with idiopathic posterior epistaxis, and the success rate of embolization in this patient population. Results One hundred consecutive patients undergoing embolization for epistaxis were identified and 81 patients were included in the analysis. Nineteen patients did not have sufficient and retrievable medical records to be included in the study. Idiopathic posterior epistaxis was the most common underlying etiology of patients with refractory posterior epistaxis (34%). Hypertension, vascular disease, and diabetes were frequently detected comorbid diseases. Patients were equally as likely to be hypertensive as normotensive at the time of presentation (45 and 55%, respectively). Most patients (83%) had failed at least one prior treatment modality. Few patients had a recurrence of epistaxis within 72 hours (three patients [12%]) or had an adverse effect associated with embolization (three patients [12%]). Conclusion Embolization for the treatment of posterior epistaxis is a safe and effective treatment modality.
Endoscopic Closure of the Eustachian Tube
Authors: Orlandi Richard R. , Shelton Clough 
Published: August 2018

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorhinorrhea can rarely complicate lateral skull base surgery, necessitating sealing of the eustachian tube. Patulous eustachian tube (pET) can also be an indication for closure of the eustachian tube. Methods Representative cases and the technique will be described. Results The authors describe a technique used in three cases of CSF otorhinorrhea and one case of pET to successfully close the eustachian tube. Conclusions Previous reports have described methods of eustachian tube closure utilizing nasal endoscopic techniques. These techniques have relied on packing of the orifice and/or the nasopharynx for successful closure. The authors describe their experience with an alternative technique. The technique does not rely on any packing, which may become dislodged. It has the added advantage of potential reversibility in cases of pET.
The Role of RANTES in Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Meyer Jens E. , Bartels Joachim , Görögh Tibor , Sticherling Michael , Rudack Claudia , Ross Douglas A. , Maune Steffen 
Published: August 2018

Background Characteristic infiltrates of eosinophils are a hallmark of nasal polyps (NPs). Several studies suggest that members of the CC chemokine family may be involved in this process. RANTES (regulated on activation, normal t-cell-expressed and secreted) is a member of the CC chemokine family with chemotactic activity on mainly eosinophils and T lymphocytes. Thus, RANTES is an interesting target for the recruitment of eosinophils and T lymphocytes into the nose. The degree of the tissue eosinophilia has been reported to correlate with the severeness of the symptomatology of the disease and the extension on the lower respiratory tract, as well as with the probability of the recurrence of NPs. Therefore, we hypothesized that high numbers of eosinophils correlate with high levels of RANTES and that associated atopic diseases modify this correlation. Methods Total RNA was extracted from NP homogenates, reverse transcribed and RANTES mRNA expression analyzed using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. Histological studies divided NPs in an eosinophilic and low eosinophilic group. Additionally, RANTES protein concentration was measured in homogenates by a RANTES-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results This study has clearly shown that RANTES is expressed and secreted in NPs. The group with a high tissue eosinophilia had a significant higher RANTES gene expression and protein production than NPs without tissue eosinophilia. The isolated coincidence of acetylsalicyl acid intolerance with chronic hyperplastic sinusitis/NP additionally increased significantly the RANTES amounts in NPs. Conclusion Increased RANTES leads to increased tissue eosinophilia. Associated acetylsalicylic acid intolerance seems to enhance the amount of RANTES in NPs and might explain in part the more severe clinical course in those patients. Thus, RANTES appears to play an important role in mobilization of eosinophils into the local inflamed tissue.
Objective versus Subjective Outcomes Assessment in Rhinology
Authors: Stewart Michael G. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2018

Background Prior studies on the relationship between computed tomography scan findings and patient-based quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have found very low correlations. Whereas surprising, similar findings have been noted in other diseases. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the association between objective and subjective findings in nasal septal deformity and a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on CRS and other diseases. Results We found no association between objective anatomic findings and subjective symptoms in nasal obstruction (R = 0.03; Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.97). Multiple studies in CRS and other diseases—sleep apnea, hearing loss, asthma, etc.—have found similarly low correlations between objective and subjective testing. Conclusion For nasal septal deviation and CRS, the patient's subjective perception of disease severity has, at best, a very weak association with objective assessment of severity. Patient-based outcomes assessment remains important; these instruments apparently quantify an aspect of disease not detected by objective testing.
Unrecognised coeliac disease among men and women undergoing fertility treatment: A screening study
Authors: Grode Louise B , Agerholm Inge E , Humaidan Peter , Parkner Tina , Bech Bodil H , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia H , Jensen Thomas M 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundCoeliac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by dietary gluten and has been associated with several conditions influencing female and male reproduction. Due to unspecific symptoms, coeliac disease can be unrecognised for years.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of unrecognised coeliac disease among couples referred to fertility treatment.MethodsCross‐sectional screening for coeliac disease in men and women referred to fertility treatment using IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies as a marker of coeliac disease and small‐bowel biopsies to confirm the diagnosis. Participants answered a questionnaire on gluten intake, gastrointestinal symptoms and reproductive history.ResultsA total of 893 participants (51% women) were screened and eight were coeliac disease antibody positive. Small‐bowel biopsies were obtained from seven antibody positive participants and unrecognised coeliac disease was confirmed in one woman and three men, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.45% (95% confidence interval 0.12–1.14). The total prevalence, combining already diagnosed and unrecognised CD cases, was 0.63% (95% confidence interval 0.29–1.12).ConclusionThe prevalence of unrecognised coeliac disease in a group of infertile patients was equivalent to that of the Danish general population and low compared with that observed in the majority of other screening studies of infertile patients. Surprisingly, it should be noted that more men than women had coeliac disease. This result does not support a need for routine screening among infertile patients.
Colorectal polyps located across a fold are difficult to resect completely using endoscopic mucosal resection: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Minamino Hiroaki , Nagami Yasuaki , Shiba Masatsugu , Hayashi Kappei , Sakai Taishi , Ominami Masaki , Fukunaga Shusei , Hayakawa Tsuyoshi , Aomatsu Kazuki , Sugimori Satoshi , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Yamagami Hirokazu , Watanabe Toshio , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIncomplete polyp resection during colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) might contribute to the development of interval cancer.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of incomplete polyp resection during EMR of colorectal polyps located across a fold compared with that of colorectal polyps located between folds.MethodsIn total, 262 patients with 262 lesions that were ≥10 mm in diameter and treated with conventional EMR were enrolled. The main outcome was the incidence of incomplete polyp resections. Propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to reduce the effects of selection bias.ResultsFifty‐seven lesions (21.8%) were incompletely resected. After propensity score matching, the lesions located across a fold were at higher risk of incomplete resection than those between folds (26/68, 38.2% vs 7/68, 10.3%; odds ratio (OR): 3.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–8.56; p < 0.01). These findings persisted after adjusting for the differences at baseline using the IPTW method (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.72–7.63; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of an incomplete polyp resection for a colorectal polyp that is located across a fold compared with that for a polyp that is located between folds.
Does Remnant Preservation Influence Tibial Tunnel Enlargement or Graft-to-Bone Integration After Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autografts and Suspensory Fixation? A Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Naraoka Takuya , Kimura Yuka , Tsuda Eiichi , Yamamoto Yuji , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2018

Background: Remnant-preserving anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was introduced to improve clinical outcomes and biological healing. However, the influences of remnant preservation on tibial tunnel position and enlargement are still uncertain. Purpose: To evaluate whether remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction influences tibial tunnel position or enlargement and to examine the relationship between tunnel enlargement and graft-to-bone integration in the tibial tunnel. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 91 knees with double-bundle ACL reconstructions were enrolled in this study. ACL reconstruction was performed without a remnant (<25% of the intra-articular portion of the graft) in 44 knees (nonremnant [NR] group) and with remnant preservation in the remaining 47 knees (remnant-preserving [RP] group). Tibial tunnel position and enlargement were assessed using computed tomography (CT). Comparisons between groups were performed. Furthermore, graft-to-bone integration in the tibial tunnel was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging, and the relationship between tunnel enlargement and graft-to-bone integration at 1 year after ACL reconstruction was assessed. Results: A total of 48 knees (25 in NR group, 23 in RP group) were included; 19 and 24 knees in the NR and RP groups were excluded, respectively, because of graft reruptures and a lack of CT scans. There were no significant between-group differences in tibial tunnel position ( P > .05). The degree of posterolateral tunnel enlargement in the axial plane was significantly higher in the RP group than that in the NR group ( P = .007) 1 year after ACL reconstruction. The degree of anteromedial tunnel enlargement on axial CT was significantly smaller in knees with graft-to-bone integration than in those without integration ( P = .002) 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction with remnant preservation did not influence tibial tunnel position and did not decrease the degree or incidence of tibial tunnel enlargement. At 1 year postoperatively, tunnel enlargement did not affect graft-to-bone integration in the posterolateral tunnel, but graft-to-bone integration was delayed in the anteromedial tunnel.
Prognostic impact of t(16;21)(p11;q22) and t(16;21)(q24;q22) in pediatric AML: a retrospective study by the I-BFM Study Group
Authors: Noort Sanne , Zimmermann Martin , Reinhardt Dirk , Cuccuini Wendy , Pigazzi Martina , Smith Jenny , Ries Rhonda E. , Alonzo Todd A. , Hirsch Betsy , Tomizawa Daisuke , Locatelli Franco , Gruber Tanja A. , Raimondi Susana , Sonneveld Edwin , Cheuk Daniel K. , Dworzak Michael , Stary Jan , Abrahamsson Jonas , Arad-Cohen Nira , Czogala Malgorzata , De Moerloose Barbara , Hasle Henrik , Meshinchi Soheil , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry , Zwaan C. Michel 
Published: August 2018

Key Points
t(16;21) translocations in AML comprise t(16;21)(p11;q22) (FUS-ERG) as well as t(16;21)(q24;q22) (RUNX1-CBFA2T3). Survival in pediatric AML with FUS-ERG is poor, whereas survival in RUNX1-CBFA2T3 is similar to other core-binding factor leukemias.
Customizing constraint incorporation in direct current resistivity inverse problems: A comparison among three global optimization methods
Authors: Barboza Francisco M. , Medeiros Walter E. , Santana Jerbeson M. 
Published: August 2018

One-dimensional forward modeling in direct current (DC) resistivity is actually computationally inexpensive, allowing the use of global optimization methods (GOMs) to solve 1.5D inverse problems with flexibility in constraint incorporation. GOMs can support computational environments for quantitative interpretation in which the comparison of solutions incorporating different constraints is a way to infer characteristics of the actual subsurface resistivity distribution. To this end, the chosen GOM must be robust to changes in the cost function and also be computationally efficient. The performance of the classic versions of the simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods for solving the 1.5D DC resistivity inverse problem is here compared using synthetic and field data. The main results are as follows: (1) All methods reproduce synthetic models quite well, (2) PSO and GA are comparatively more robust to changes in the cost function than SA, (3) PSO first and GA second present the best computational performances, requiring less forwarding modeling than SA, and (4) GA gives higher performance than PSO and SA with respect to the final attained value of the cost function and its standard deviation. From our experience, to put them into effective operation, the methods can be classified from easy to difficult in the order PSO, GA, and SA as a consequence of robustness to changes in the cost function and of the underlying simplicity of the associated equations. To exemplify a quantitative interpretation using GOMs, we compare solutions with least-absolute and least-squares norms of the discrepancies derived from the lateral continuity constraints of the log-resistivity and layer depth as a manner of detecting faults. GOMs additionally provide the important benefit of furnishing not only the best solution but also a set of suboptimal quasisolutions from which uncertainty analyses can be performed.
Arrested in the Moment of Dying: Science, Fiction, and the Reality Effect of Reprinting
Authors: Andriopoulos Stefan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
How was it possible that numerous nineteenth-century readers believed in the authenticity of a made-up sensational story about a mesmerist experiment that supposedly arrested its subject between life and death? By juxtaposing Edgar Allan Poe’s “Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar” with Justinus Kerner’s medical case history “The Seeress of Prevorst,” this essay compares the narrative constructions of verisimilitude in science and fiction. But in exploring the viral dissemination of “Valdemar,” I also analyze how nineteenth-century print media produced content and credence by means of reprinting—a circular feedback reminiscent of our current world of social media, where unfounded or disproven stories gain credibility by being circulated, shared, and retweeted.
Swellings of the sternoclavicular joint: review of traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies
Authors: Edwin John , Ahmed Shahbaz , Verma Shobhit , Tytherleigh-Strong Graham , Karuppaiah Karthik , Sinha Joydeep 
Published: August 2018

The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is an integral part of the shoulder girdle that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Swelling of the SCJ is commonly due to trauma, degeneration, infections and other disease processes that affect synovial joints. This review also focuses on uncommon conditions that could affect the SCJ, including SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome, Friedrich’s disease and Tietze syndrome. The scope of this review is limited to the analysis of the current evidence on the various conditions affecting the SCJ and also to provide an algorithm to manage these conditions.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:471-484. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170078