bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Insight on Mechanism of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Multipolar Photoactive Molecules
Authors: Li Yuanzuo , Sun Chaofan , Song Peng , Ma Fengcai , Kungwan Nawee , Sun Mengtao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo series of novel dyes were designed based on the multipolar structures of the red dye D35 and blue dye DB, by introducing the furan (F), benzene ring (B) and benzo[c]thiophene (BT) groups into the conjugated bridge of D35 in proper order and adjusting the position of diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP) unit and the incorporation of fluorine in the conjugated bridge of DB, respectively. We performed the quantum chemistry calculation to investigate the ground state and excited properties in a direct correlation with the spectra properties and abilities of losing or accepting electron for the original and designed molecules. Furthermore, the absorption spectra characteristics in consideration of the aggregation of dyes on the TiO2 layer and intermolecular charge transfer rate of the dimers were calculated. The obtained results indicate that the larger intermolecular charge transfer rate leads to the poor photoelectrical properties of the dyes, and the designed dyes D35-3 and DB-2 would exhibit the best photoelectrical properties among the investigated dyes due to their lower energy gaps, widened absorption spectra and prominent charge transfer properties.
Imaging Dose, Cancer Risk and Cost Analysis in Image-guided Radiotherapy of Cancers
Authors: Zhou Li , Bai Sen , Zhang Yibao , Ming Xin , Zhang Ying , Deng Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the cumulative imaging doses, the associated cancer risk and the cost related to the various radiological imaging procedures in image-guided radiotherapy of cancers. Correlations between patients’ size and Monte Carlo simulated organ doses were established and validated for various imaging procedures, and then used for patient-specific organ dose estimation of 4,832 cancer patients. The associated cancer risk was estimated with published models and the cost was calculated based on the standard billing codes. The average (range) cumulative imaging doses to the brain, lungs and red bone marrow were 38.0 (0.5–177.3), 18.8 (0.4–246.5), and 49.1 (0.4–274.4) cGy, respectively. The associated average (range) lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence per 100,000 persons was 78 (0–2798), 271 (1–8948), and 510 (0–4487) for brain cancer, lung cancer and leukemia, respectively. The median (range) imaging cost was $5256 (4268–15896) for the head scans, $5180 (4268–16274) for the thorax scans, and $7080 (4268–15288) for the pelvic scans, respectively. The image-guidance procedures and the accumulated imaging doses should be incorporated into clinical decision-making to personalize radiotherapy for individual patients.
Unraveling the Mesoscale Evolution of Microstructure during Supersonic Impact of Aluminum Powder Particles
Authors: Suresh Sumit , Lee Seok-Woo , Aindow Mark , Brody Harold D. , Champagne Victor K. , Dongare Avinash M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA critical challenge in the predictive capability of materials deformation behavior under extreme environments is the availability of computational methods to model the microstructural evolution at the mesoscale. The capability of the recently-developed quasi-coarse-grained dynamics (QCGD) method to model mesoscale behavior is demonstrated for the phenomenon of supersonic impact of 20 µm sized Al particles on to an Al substrate at various impact velocities and over time and length scales relevant to cold spray deposition. The QCGD simulations are able to model the kinetics related to heat generation and dissipation, and the pressure evolution and propagation, during single particle impact over the time and length scales that are important experimentally. These simulations are able to unravel the roles of particle and substrate deformation behavior that lead to an outward/upward flow of both the particle and the substrate, which is a likely precursor for the experimentally observed jetting and bonding of the particles during cold spray impact.
Single Walled BiI3 Nanotubes Encapsulated within Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ashokkumar Anumol Erumpukuthickal , Enyashin Andrey N. , Deepak Francis Leonard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInorganic nanotubes are morphological counterparts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Yet, only graphene-like BN layer has been readily organized into single walled nanotubes so far. In this study, we present a simple route to obtain inorganic single walled nanotubes - a novel ultrathin morphology for bismuth iodide (BiI3), embedded within CNTs. The synthesis involves the capillary filling of BiI3into CNT, which acts as a nanotemplate, by annealing the BiI3-CNT mixture above the melting point of BiI3. Aberration corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopy is used in characterizing the novel morphology of BiI3. A critical diameter which enables the formation of BiI3nanotubes, against BiI3nanorods is identified. The relative stability of these phases is investigated with the density functional theory calculations. Remarkably, the calculations reveal that the single walled BiI3nanotubes are semiconductors with a direct band gap, which remain stable even without the host CNTs.
Mito-TEMPO improves development competence by reducing superoxide in preimplantation porcine embryos
Authors: Yang Seul-Gi , Park Hyo-Jin , Kim Jin-Woo , Jung Jae-Min , Kim Min-Ji , Jegal Ho-Guen , Kim In-Su , Kang Man-Jong , Wee Gabbine , Yang Hee-Young , Lee Yun-Han , Seo Ji-Hae , Kim Sun-Uk , Koo Deog-Bon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMito-TEMPO is a well-known mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger. However, the effect of Mito-TEMPO on porcine embryo development, to our knowledge, has not been studied yet. In the present study, porcine embryos were classified into two groups (G1 and G2) based on the cytoplasm lipid contents at the zygote stage. The development of blastocysts derived from G2 zygotes was reduced (G2:16.2 ± 7.9% vs G1: 26.5 ± 5.9%; 1.6-fold, p < 0.05) compared to those from G1 zygotes. In G2 embryos, the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells was also higher than that of G1 embryos. Superoxide in G2 embryos was significantly increased compared to that in G1 embryos. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production were lower in G2 embryos than in G1 embryos. Phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser 616 increased in G1 embryos during the cleavage stages compared to that in the zygote but was not significantly different in G2 embryos. Then, the effects of Mito-TEMPO were investigated in G2 embryos. Blastocyst formation rate (G2: 19.1 ± 5.1% vs G2 + Mito-TEMPO: 28.8 ± 4.0%; 1.5-fold, p < 0.05) and mitochondrial aggregation were recovered after superoxide reduction by Mito-TEMPO treatment. Thus, we showed that Mito-TEMPO improves blastocyst development by superoxide reduction in porcine embryos in vitro.
Analysis of the Gut Microbiome of Rural and Urban Healthy Indians Living in Sea Level and High Altitude Areas
Authors: Das Bhabatosh , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Kedia Saurabh , Rampal Ritika , Saxena Shruti , Bag Satyabrata , Mitra Ridhima , Dayal Mayanka , Mehta Ojasvi , Surendranath A. , Travis Simon P. L. , Tripathi Prabhanshu , Nair G. Balakrish , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe diversity and basic functional attributes of the gut microbiome of healthy Indians is not well understood. This study investigated the gut microbiome of three Indian communities: individuals residing in rural and urban (n = 49) sea level Ballabhgarh areas and in rural high altitude areas of Leh, Ladakh in North India (n = 35). Our study revealed that the gut microbiome of Indian communities is dominated by Firmicutes followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobateria and Proteobacteria. Although, 54 core bacterial genera were detected across the three distinct communities, the gut bacterial composition displayed specific signatures and was observed to be influenced by the topographical location and dietary intake of the individuals. The gut microbiome of individuals living in Leh was observed to be significantly similar with a high representation of Bacteroidetes and low abundance of Proteobacteria. In contrast, the gut microbiome of individuals living in Ballabhgarh areas harbored higher number of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and is enriched with microbial xenobiotic degradation pathways. The rural community residing in sea level Ballabhgarh areas has unique microbiome characterized not only by a higher diversity, but also a higher degree of interindividual homogeneity.
Searching for nests of the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) using radio-telemetry
Authors: Kennedy Peter J. , Ford Scott M. , Poidatz Juliette , Thiéry Denis , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAsian hornets (Vespa velutina) are voracious predators of bees, and are the latest emerging threat to managed and wild pollinator populations in Europe. To prevent establishment or reduce the rate of spread of V. velutina, early detection and destruction of nests is considered the only option. Detection is difficult as their nests are well hidden and flying hornets are difficult to follow over long distances. We address this challenge by tracking individual V. velutina workers flying back to their nests using radio telemetry for the first time, finding five previously undiscovered nests, up to 1.33 km from hornet release points. Hornets can fly with 0.28 g tags if the tag:hornet ratio is less than 0.8. This method offers a step-change in options to tackle the spread of this invader, providing an efficient means of finding V. velutina nests in complex environments to manage this emerging threat to pollinators.
ω-3-Fettsäuren und chronische Erkrankungen
Authors: Bayer Wolfgang , Schmidt Karlheinz 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungFettsäuren werden im menschlichen Organismus nur in begrenztem Umfang synthetisiert, die mehrfach ungesättigten ω-3- und ω-6-Fettsäuren müssen mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden. Aus Arachidonsäure (AA) entstehen im Stoffwechsel Eicosanoide mit proinflammatorischer Wirkung, aus Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) wenig- bis antiinflammatorische wirkende Eicosanoide. Der AA / EPA-Quotient ist ein Biomarker der Entzündungsbereitschaft. Eine erhöhte Zufuhr von EPA bei gleichzeitiger Einschränkung von AA führt zu antiinflammatorischen Effekten, die sich z. B. bei Morbus Crohn und rheumatoider Arthritis positiv auswirken.
ω-3-Fettsäuren in der Ernährungsmedizin
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungGesundheitlich relevante Effekte von ω-3-Fettsäuren sind fast ausschließlich für die maritimen Fettsäuren Eicospentaensäure und Docosahexaensäure nachgewiesen und nicht für den pflanzlichen Präkursor α-Linolensäure, der nur in geringem Umfang zu EPA und DHA umgewandelt wird. Die beiden Fettsäuren spielen eine bes. Rolle in der Therapie von entzündlichen Erkrankungen und Krankheiten des Nervensystems. Studien belegen positive Wirkungen bei Morbus Crohn, Rheuma, Multipler Sklerose, Migräne und postpartaler Depression.
Monitoring of Heparin Therapy with the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Chromogenic Substrate Assays
Authors: Fey Martin F , Lang Mathis , Furlan Miha , Beck Eugen A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHeparin therapy was monitored with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and with chromogenic substrate assays (factor Xa and factor Ha inhibition) in 100 plasma samples from 47 patients. Heparin concentrations were classified as being below, within or above a defined therapeutic range (TR; 0.2-0.55 units heparin/ml). In a first group of patients (A), all three assays allocated the plasma heparin levels to the same concentration interval with respect to the TR. The most frequent diagnoses in group A were uncomplicated arterial or venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction with limited tissue necrosis, cardiac surgery without major complications and successfully treated infectious disease. In a second group of patients (B), the results of APTT suggested higher heparin concentrations with respect to the TR than the chromogenic assays. Predominant diagnoses were severe infectious diseases, severe liver disorders, extensive myocardial infarction and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery. The discrepancy between heparin concentrations determined by either APTT or the chromogenic substrate assays is most likely due to a non-heparin related prolongation of APTT caused by the underlying disease.
Concentrated DDAVP: Further Improvement in the Management of Mild Factor VIII Deficiencies
Authors: Ghirardini A , Mariani G , lacopino G , Tirindelli M C , Solinas S , Moretti T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of a new concentrated 1 Deamino - (8-D-arginine) - vasopressin (DDAVP) preparation. Concentrated DDAVP (C- DDAVP), (40 μg/mL) was given subcutaneously (s.c.) in hemophilia and von Willebrand Disease (vWD), and the response was evaluated in terms of factor VIII/vWF (VUI/von Willebrand Factor) complex response. This response was also compared to that obtained using the currently available commercial preparation (4 μg/mL) given either s.c. or intravenously (i. v.). The maximal f. VIII response after s.c. C-DDAVP was reached one hour after the injection (x:3.6 times the resting values) with an average decline of 15% at two hours. The response to s.c. C- DDAVP in patients with hemophilia was slightly better than thut obtained with the diluted brand, but the difference did not reach any statistical significance even when the schedules were compared in the same patients. In type I (placed normal subtype) vWD, a higher response in terms of factor VIII :C increase in comparison with hemophiliacs was obtained. Doth Ristocetin cofactor activity (RiCof) and bleeding time responded to this vasopressin analogue, when administered subcutaneously.
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Control: Evidence that INR Expression Improves the Inter-Laboratory Comparability of Results - The Bologna Oral Anticoagulant Control Exercise
Authors: Palareti G , Coccheri S , Poggi M , Bonetti M , Cervi V , Mazzuca A , Savoia M , Veri L , Fiori F , Gaspari G , Palareti A ,   The Bologna oral anticoagulant control study group
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe aims of the present study were: l) interlaboratory normalization of prothrombin time (PT) testing for anticoagulant therapy control through calibration of customary thromboplastins against international reference materials, and 2) “on field” validation of the advantages offered by expression of results as International Normalized Ratio (INR) as opposedto percentage activity. PT tests were carried out over 8 days on the same normal subjects (16) and patients on oral an ticoagulants (48) in the 9 laboratories of the Bologna area. The use of customary thromboplastins and coagulometers was maintained in all labs throughout the study. The main results were: 1) the interlaboratory CV of the prothrombin ratios obtained for each sample with all customary thromboplastins (5 different brands) was 15%, but was reduced to levels of 5.8 to 8.9 when using constant thromboplastin brands and batches; 2) the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) values obtained in the different labs were only slightly influenced by the use of different coagulometers; 3) comparable ISI values were obtained through direct calibration with the international reference material and through intermediate calibration with a locally selected standard; 4) use of INR values instead of percentage activity greatly reduced interlaboratory variability and significantly improved uniformity of anticoagulation level measurements. thus reducing the possibility of erroneous prescriptions. The Bologna exercise is therefore of educational value for laboratory and community doctors of the area in understanding and accepting the INR system.
Early Alpha Chain Crosslinking in Human Fibrin Preparations
Authors: Sobel Joan H , Thibodeau Christiane A , Canfield Robert E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified fibrinogen preparations were clotted under crosslinking conditions and the evolution of α polymers was examined by Western blotting (SDS-PAGE). Monoclonal antibodies that bind to two localized regions within the COOH-terminal portion of the (A)α chains of fibrinogen (F-103, Aα #259-276; F-102, Aα #540-554) were used for immunodetection. Three crosslinked components (100K, 168K, 210K) that each exhibited coincident F-102 and F-103 immunoreactivities were evident as early as γ dimer formation under the in vitro conditions employed. Initial events in the a chain crosslinking process appeared to include interactions between relatively intact chains and a variety of degraded ones that shared the structure Aα #1-276, but differed in the extent to which regions between residues — #276 and — #539 were preserved. Degraded fibrinogen molecules whose Aα chains all terminated before Aα #540-554 were isolated from purified fibrinogen preparations by immunoaffinity chromatography on F-102 Sepharose. Immunoblotting data obtained for the crosslinking capacity of these degraded molecules indicated that early crosslinked components (95 K, 205 K) could form even in the absence of intact a chain partners. This crosslinking, moreover, could progress to the polymer stage. These findings demonstrate that some early crosslinking activity is localized exclusively within regions NH2-terminal to Aα — #540-554 and suggest that fibrinogen molecules with partially degraded Aα chains, which are likely to be circulating under many pathophysiologic conditions, can undergo fibrin stabilization through crosslinking despite a loss of at least 70 COOH-terminal Aα chain residues.
Evidence for an Increased Generation of Prostacyclin in the Microvasculature and an Impairment of the Platelet α-Granule Release in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Kyrle Paul A , Stockenhuber Felix , Brenner Brigitte , Gössinger Heinz , Korninger Christian , Pabinger Ingrid , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Balcke Peter , Lechner Klaus 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe formation of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 and the release of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) at the site of platelet-vessel wall interaction, i.e. in blood emerging from a standardized injury of the micro vasculature made to determine bleeding time, was studied in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis and in normal subjects. In the uraemic patients, levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were 1.3-fold to 6.3-fold higher than the corresponding values in the control subjects indicating an increased PGI2 formation in chronic uraemia. Formation of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at the site of plug formation in vivo and during whole blood clotting in vitro was similar in the uraemic subjects and in the normals excluding a major defect in platelet prostaglandin metabolism in chronic renal failure. Significantly smaller amounts of beta-TG were found in blood obtained from the site of vascular injury as well as after in vitro blood clotting in patients with chronic renal failure indicating an impairment of the a-granule release in chronic uraemia. We therefore conclude that the haemorrhagic diathesis commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure is - at least partially - due to an acquired defect of the platelet a-granule release and an increased generation of PGI2 in the micro vasculature.
Inhibition in Purified Systems and in Human Plasma of Chimaeric Plasminogen Activators Consisting of the NH2-Terminal Region of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and the COOH-Terminal Region of UrokinaseType Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Lijnen H R , Nelles L , Van Hoef B , De Cock F , Collen D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRecombinant chimaeric molecules between tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) or two chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA) have intact enzymatic properties of scu-PA or tcu-PA towards natural and synthetic substrates (Nelles et al., J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 10855-10862). In the present study, we have compared the reactivity with inhibitors of both the single chain and two chain variants of recombinant u-PA and two recombinant chimaeric molecules between t-PA and scu-PA (t-PA/u-PA-s: amino acids 1-263 of t-PA and 144-411 of u-PA; t-PA/u-PA-e: amino acids 1-274 of t-PA and 138-411 of u-PA). Incubation with human plasma in the absence of a fibrin clot for 3 h at 37° C at equipotent concentrations (50% clot lysis in 2 h), resulted in significant fibrinogen breakdown (to about 40% of the normal value) for all two chain molecules, but not for their single chain counterparts. Preincubation of the plasminogen activators with plasma for 3 h at 37° C, resulted in complete inhibition of the fibrinolytic potency of the two chain molecules but did not alter the potency of the single chain molecules. Inhibition of the two chain molecules occurred with a t½ of approximately 45 min. The two chain variants were inhibited by the synthetic urokinase inhibitor Glu-Gly-Arg-CH2CCl with apparent second-order rate constants of 8,000-10,000 M−1s−1, by purified α2-antiplasmin with second-order rate constants of about 300 M−1s−1, and by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with second-order rate constants of approximately 2 × 107 M−1s−1.It is concluded that the reactivity of single chain and two chain forms of t-PA/u-PA chimaers with inhibitors is very similar to that of the single and two chain forms of intact u-PA.
Antithrombotic Properties of Heparin in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Thrombin-Induced Thrombosis
Authors: Schmidt B , Buchanan M R , Ofosu F , Brooker L , Hirsh J , Andrew M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe relative deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III) in neonatal plasma results in lower recovery of heparin in some assay systems. It is uncertain whether low AT III levels also limit the antithrombotic effects of heparin in this age group. We therefore compared the antithrombotic properties of heparin in mature pigs and newborn piglets, whose coagulation and inhibitor system closely resembles that of the human neonate. Animals were pretreated with saline, 10 or 25 U/kg heparin (n ≥16 per age group and dose). Following an injection of 100 U/kg thrombin, systemic 125I-fibrinogen consumption and local 125I-fibrinogen incorporation into jugular venous stasis thrombi were measured. Significantly more 125I-fibrinogen was consumed in piglets than in pigs systemically (p <0.0001), as well as within the occluded vein segment (p = 0.0112), largely because heparin was less effective in piglets than in pigs. This neonatal resistance to heparin could not be explained by lower heparin levels in the newborn animals. However, pretreatment with AT III concentrate significantly improved the antithrombotic properties of heparin in this age group (p <0.0001). We conclude that physiologically low AT III levels reduce the efficacy of heparin in neutralizing thrombin activity in newborn piglets. We speculate that AT III deficiency may also limit the antithrombotic properties of heparin in newborn infants with thrombotic disease.
Isolation of Fibrinogen Aα-Chain by Affinity Chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose
Authors: Bögli Christa , Hofer Anita , Furlan Miha 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method was developed for isolation of the Aa-chain from S-carboxamidomethylated fibrinogen. A mixture of the three constituent polypeptide chains of human fibrinogen was applied onto a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose. While the carbohydrate-free Aα-chain was not delayed on the affinity chromatography column, both glycosylated subunit chains, Bβ- and γ-chain, were adsorbed to the insolubilized lectin and were quantitatively eluted from the column with 0.2 M methyl-α-D-mannoside. SDS- electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel was employed for analysis of chromatographic fractions. Complete recovery of the Aα-chain was observed. The described procedure is very simple and permits isolation of large amounts of pure Aα-chain from S-carboxamidomethylated fibrinogen.