bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Effects of ZnPc Delivered into Liposomes on Multidrug Resistant (MDR)‐Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Miretti Mariana , Juri Leticia , Cosiansi María C. , Tempesti Tomas C. , Baumgartner María T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuberculosis is one of the most important global health problems. Multidrug resistant (MDR)‐tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) resistant to the first line drugs (rifampin‐isoniazid). Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has reemerged as an alternative against resistant bacteria. In this work, we synthetized liposomes of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and Cholesterol as carrier of ZnPc. The ZnPc‐liposomes photodynamic activity was tested in two strains of M. tuberculosis, a sensible (ATCC 27294) and MDR‐M. tuberculosis. As result, both strains were inactivated by ZnPc‐liposomes. The photodynamic activity was dependent of incubation time and light dose supplied. The photokilling activity was considerably higher for sensible strain than for MDR one.
Spinel/Lithium‐Rich Manganese Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Junxiang , Wang Jiaqi , Ni Youxuan , Zhang Yudong , Luo Jun , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium‐rich layered oxides are among the most promising cathode candidates to build high‐energy‐density rechargeable Li‐ion batteries but suffer from capacity/voltage fade, low reversibility, and poor rate capability. Herein, the synthesis and electrochemical application of heterostructured spinel/layered oxide (Li1.15Ni0.20Mn0.87O2) nanofibers as superior cathode materials are reported. The synergistic effect of 1D nanostructure and spinel/layer heterostructure enhances charge transfer, lithium diffusivity, and structural stability, resulting in improved initial Coulombic efficiency (≈100%), rate performance (150 mAh g−1 at 5C), and cyclability (258 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles). In situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman combined with first‐principle calculations reveal that the spinel stabilizes the layered Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide structure via maintaining oxygen vacancy and suppressing the structural variation and oxygen overoxidation.
3D CNTs Networks Enable MnO2 Cathodes with High Capacity and Superior Rate Capability for Flexible Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Wu Shuwei , Deng Shengjue , Wu Weixing , Zeng Yinxiang , Xia Xinhui , Pan Guoxiang , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe advancement of flexible rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries largely relies on directional design and fabrication of flexible cathode materials. However, the sluggish electron transfer and inferior mass diffusion rate of MnO2 cathodes hinder their application in high‐power systems. Herein, the design of flexible 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive networks as excellent electron and charge transfer substrates is reported to achieve a high‐rate MnO2 cathode. With further structural protection of conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), Zn2+ storage kinetics in the composite CNT/MnO2/PEDOT (denoted as CMOP) the cathode is optimized to deliver high capacity of 306.1 mAh g−1 at 1.1 A g−1 and superior rate capability of 176.8 mAh g−1 when the current density increases by tenfold (10.8 A g−1), representing a state‐of‐the‐art of current MnO2 based cathodes. Moreover, the as‐assembled quasi‐solid‐state Zn–CMOP batteries with good mechanical properties can afford a high energy density of 379.4 Wh kg−1 (17.5 mWh cm−3) and a peak power density of 17.1 kW kg−1 (0.8 W cm−3). This innovative achievement will be a critical step forward toward next‐generation quick charging electronics.
Competition and microcredit interest rates: international evidence
Authors: Al-Azzam Moh’d , Parmeter Christopher 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe limited number of existing papers that link competition among microfinance institutions (MFIs) and microcredit interest rates, provide inconclusive and counterintuitive results. This paper uses data from 1997 MFIs operating in 109 countries between the years 2003 and 2016 to construct three measures of competition and evaluate their impacts on interest rates. These measures reflect three different aspects of competition: geographical expansion, market concentration, and the marginal pricing. While the results for market concentration are inconclusive, the results for both geographical expansion and marginal pricing show an economically strong impact of competition on interest rates. Specifically, regardless of whether an MFI is a for-profit or nonprofit, we find meaningful evidence that competition reduces interest rates. Our findings evince that lower interest rates are needed if the microfinance movement is to continue to be relied on as an effective means to alleviate poverty.
Relevance of Level IIb Neck Dissection in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Hosokawa Seiji , Mochizuki Daiki , Takahashi Goro , Okamura Jun , Imai Atsushi , Ishikawa Ryuji , Takizawa Yoshinori , Yamatodani Takashi , Misawa Kiyoshi , Mineta Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCervical nodal metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in patients with head and neck cancers. Unfortunately, nodal dissection at level IIb carries a risk of damage to the spinal accessory nerve. We aimed to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis and the relevance of nodal dissection at level IIb in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.MethodsDuring neck dissection, level IIb lymph nodes obtained from 181 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were removed, processed, and histopathologically examined. All specimens were divided into two groups according to the side (affected and unaffected sides). The number of dissected lymph nodes and prevalence of level IIb metastasis in each group were then determined and compared according to the preoperative clinical N stage (cN0 and cN+).ResultsThe study included 158 men and 23 women with a median age of 65 years (range, 17–89 years). The prevalence of pathologically confirmed level IIb metastasis was 0% for clinically node‐negative (cN0) necks on the unaffected side and 10.34% for clinically node‐positive necks (cN+), with an overall prevalence of 2.4%. There was a significant association between clinically determined and pathologically confirmed node negativity at level IIb.ConclusionOur findings suggest that level IIb neck dissection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas may be required only if preoperative examination reveals multilevel or level IIa metastasis or suspicious level IIb metastasis.
Optimal loss-carry-forward taxation for Lévy risk processes stopped at general draw-down time
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivated by Avram, Vu and Zhou (2017), Kyprianou and Zhou (2009), Li, Vu and Zhou (2017), Wang and Hu (2012), and Wang and Zhou (2018), we consider in this paper the problem of maximizing the expected accumulated discounted tax payments of an insurance company, whose reserve process (before taxes are deducted) evolves as a spectrally negative Lévy process with the usual exclusion of negative subordinator or deterministic drift. Tax payments are collected according to the very general loss-carry-forward tax system introduced in Kyprianou and Zhou (2009). To achieve a balance between taxation optimization and solvency, we consider an interesting modified objective function by considering the expected accumulated discounted tax payments of the company until the general draw-down time, instead of until the classical ruin time. The optimal tax return function and the optimal tax strategy are derived, and some numerical examples are also provided.
Zahedan School Fire: Endless Fire Incidents in Iranian Schools
Authors: Heidari Mohammad , Jafari Hamid , Heidari Samaneh 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTEmergencies frequently happen and sometimes their victims are school students. School age children and adolescents may be more vulnerable to life events and require more attention than adults, depending on the stage of their growth. The private elementary school of Osveh Hasaneh in Zahedan, Iran, caught fire on December 18, 2018, at 9:00 AM, where 4 students were killed. This school fire is the highest rate of mortality in Iran in terms of the number of student deaths. Considering the repeated nature of such incidents in Iranian schools, it is necessary to increase the awareness of risk of fire in schools to promote a culture of fire prevention in society.
The deglaciation of Barton Peninsula (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) based on geomorphological evidence and lacustrine records
Authors: Oliva Marc , Antoniades Dermot , Serrano Enrique , Giralt Santiago , Liu Emma J. , Granados Ignacio , Pla-Rabes Sergi , Toro Manuel , Hong Soon Gyu , Vieira Gonçalo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBarton Peninsula is an ice-free area located in the southwest corner of King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Following the Last Glacial Maximum, several geomorphological features developed in newly exposed ice-free terrain and their distribution provide insights about past environmental evolution of the area. Three moraine systems are indicative of three main glacial phases within the long-term glacial retreat, which also favoured the development of numerous lakes. Five of these lakes were cored to understand in greater detail the pattern of deglaciation through the study of lacustrine records. Radiocarbon dates from basal lacustrine sediments enabled the reconstruction of the chronology of Holocene glacial retreat. Tephra layers present in lake sediments provided additional independent age constraints on environmental changes based on geochemical and geochronological correlation with Deception Island-derived tephra. Shrinking of the Collins Glacier exposed the southern coastal fringe of Barton Peninsula at 8 cal ky BP. After a period of relative stability during the mid-Holocene, the ice cap started retreating northwards after 3.7 cal ky BP, confining some glaciers within valleys as shown by moraine systems. Lake sediments confirm a period of relative glacial stability during the last 2.4 cal ky BP.
AUTONOMY AND INDOCTRINATION: WHY WE NEED AN EMOTIONAL CONDITION FOR AUTONOMOUS REASONING AND REFLECTIVE ENDORSEMENT
Authors: Pérez de Calleja Mirja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:I argue that none of the main accounts of autonomy in the literature can explain the fact that people who undergo a certain subtle but powerful kind of indoctrination are not autonomous or self-governing in reflectively acquiring and endorsing the views, values, goals, and practical commitments that they are successfully indoctrinated to adopt. I suggest that, assuming there are historical conditions on autonomous reasoning and reflective endorsement, there is a condition that specifically concerns emotions: the person’s emotional state and dispositions, and her web of emotional dependencies. I explain what we know so far about the kind of indoctrination on which I focus, and I motivate the claim that people who are successfully indoctrinated in this way are not self-governed in reflectively acquiring and endorsing even the first views and values that they adopt as a result of indoctrination. I argue that this heteronomy is not explained by any of the accounts that postulate historical conditions on autonomy: neither by classical accounts such as Rousseau’s and Piaget’s, nor by so-called historical accounts in the contemporary literature, nor by relational accounts. I argue that an accurate account of autonomy must include an emotional condition on autonomous reasoning and reflective endorsement that goes beyond the emotional conditions postulated or implied by historical accounts, and I offer a tentative sketch of this condition.
Randomized controlled trial of Family Connects: Effects on child emergency medical care from birth to 24 months
Authors: Goodman W. Benjamin , Dodge Kenneth A. , Bai Yu , O'Donnell Karen J. , Murphy Robert A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of Tom Dishion's most significant contributions to prevention science was the development of affordable, ecologically valid interventions, such as the Family Check-Up, that screen for child and family risk factors broadly, but concentrate family-specific interventions on those with greatest potential for population impact. In the spirit of this approach, investigators examined effects of a brief, universal postnatal home visiting program on child emergency medical care and billing costs from birth to age 24 months. Family Connects is a community-wide public health intervention that combines identification and alignment of community services and resources with brief, postpartum nurse home visits designed to assess risk, provide supportive guidance, and connect families with identified risk to community resources. Over 18 months, families of all 4,777 resident Durham County, North Carolina, births were randomly assigned based on even or odd birth date to receive a postnatal nurse home visiting intervention or services as usual (control). Independently, 549 of these families were randomly selected and participated in an impact evaluation study. Families, blind to study goals, provided written consent to access hospital administrative records. Results indicate that children randomly assigned to Family Connects had significantly less total emergency medical care (by 37%) through age 24 months, with results observed across almost all subgroups. Examination of billing records indicate a $3.17 decrease in total billing costs for each $1 in program costs. Overall, results suggest that community-wide postpartum support program can significantly reduce population rates of child emergency medical care through age 24 months while being cost-beneficial to communities.
Clinical characterisation of a novel SCN5A variant associated with progressive malignant arrhythmia and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kean Adam C. , Helm Benjamin M. , Vatta Matteo , Ayers Mark D. , Parent John J. , Darragh Robert K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:The SCN5A gene is implicated in many arrhythmogenic and cardiomyopathic processes. We identified a novel SCN5A variant in a family with significant segregation in individuals affected with progressive sinus and atrioventricular nodal disease, atrial arrhythmia, dilated cardiomyopathy, and early sudden cardiac arrest.Methods:A patient pedigree was created following the clinical evaluation of three affected individuals, two monozygotic twins and a paternal half-brother, which lead to the evaluation of a paternal half-sister (four siblings with the same father and three mothers) all of whom experienced varying degrees of atrial arrhythmias, conduction disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy in addition to a paternal history of unexplained death in his 50s with similar autopsy findings. The index male underwent sequencing of 58 genes associated with cardiomyopathies. Sanger sequencing was used to provide data for bases with insufficient coverage and for bases in some known regions of genomic segmental duplications. All clinically significant and novel variants were confirmed by independent Sanger sequencing.Results:All relatives tested were shown to have the same SCN5A variant of unknown significance (p. Asp197His) and the monozygotic twins shared a co-occurring NEXN (p. Glu575*). Segregation analysis demonstrates likely pathogenic trait for the SCN5A variant with an additional possible role for the NEXN variant in combination.Conclusions:There is compelling clinical evidence suggesting that the SCN5A variant p. Asp197His may be re-classified as likely pathogenic based on the segregation analysis of our family of interest. Molecular mechanism studies are pending.
Multifunctional metaoptics based on bilayer metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou You , Kravchenko Ivan I. , Wang Hao , Zheng Hanyu , Gu Gong , Valentine Jason 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOptical metasurfaces have become versatile platforms for manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light. A platform for achieving independent control over each of these properties, however, remains elusive due to the limited engineering space available when using a single-layer metasurface. For instance, multiwavelength metasurfaces suffer from performance limitations due to space filling constraints, while control over phase and amplitude can be achieved, but only for a single polarization. Here, we explore bilayer dielectric metasurfaces to expand the design space for metaoptics. The ability to independently control the geometry and function of each layer enables the development of multifunctional metaoptics in which two or more optical properties are independently designed. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate multiwavelength holograms, multiwavelength waveplates, and polarization-insensitive 3D holograms based on phase and amplitude masks. The proposed architecture opens a new avenue for designing complex flat optics with a wide variety of functionalities.
The selective orexin-2 antagonist seltorexant (JNJ-42847922/MIN-202) shows antidepressant and sleep-promoting effects in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Recourt Kasper , de Boer Peter , Zuiker Rob , Luthringer Remy , Kent Justine , van der Ark Peter , Van Hove Ilse , van Gerven Joop , Jacobs Gabriel , van Nueten Luc , Drevets Wayne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExcessive arousal has a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Seltorexant (JNJ-42847922/MIN-202) is a selective antagonist of the human orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) that may normalize excessive arousal and thereby attenuate depressive symptoms. In this study, the effects of night-time arousal suppression on depressive symptoms were investigated. 47 MDD patients with a total Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) score of ≥30 at screening were included in a randomized, double-blind, diphenhydramine-, and placebo-controlled multicentre study. Symptoms of depression were rated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). Effects on sleep were evaluated by polysomnography and by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). To investigate the safety and tolerability of seltorexant, vital signs, suicidal ideation and adverse events were monitored. At baseline the severity of depressive symptoms correlated with sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), duration of stage 2 sleep, and ruminations. Ten days of treatment with seltorexant (and not diphenhydramine) resulted in a significant improvement of core depressive symptoms compared to placebo; the antidepressant efficacy of seltorexant was maintained with continued treatment up to 28 days. Compared to placebo, the antidepressant efficacy of seltorexant coincided with an overall increase in (left posterior) EEG power and a relative increase in delta- and decrease in theta-, alpha- and beta power during stage 2 sleep. Treatment with seltorexant was associated with mild, self-limiting adverse drug reactions. Seltorexant affected core symptoms of depression in the absence of overt changes in the hypnogram; in contrast, diphenhydramine was not efficacious.
Irrelevance of linear controllability to nonlinear dynamical networks
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere has been tremendous development in linear controllability of complex networks. Real-world systems are fundamentally nonlinear. Is linear controllability relevant to nonlinear dynamical networks? We identify a common trait underlying both types of control: the nodal “importance”. For nonlinear and linear control, the importance is determined, respectively, by physical/biological considerations and the probability for a node to be in the minimum driver set. We study empirical mutualistic networks and a gene regulatory network, for which the nonlinear nodal importance can be quantified by the ability of individual nodes to restore the system from the aftermath of a tipping-point transition. We find that the nodal importance ranking for nonlinear and linear control exhibits opposite trends: for the former large-degree nodes are more important but for the latter, the importance scale is tilted towards the small-degree nodes, suggesting strongly the irrelevance of linear controllability to these systems. The recent claim of successful application of linear controllability to Caenorhabditis elegans connectome is examined and discussed.
Non-classical tissue monocytes and two functionally distinct populations of interstitial macrophages populate the mouse lung
Authors: Schyns Joey , Bai Qiang , Ruscitti Cecilia , Radermecker Coraline , De Schepper Sebastiaan , Chakarov Svetoslav , Farnir Frédéric , Pirottin Dimitri , Ginhoux Florent , Boeckxstaens Guy , Bureau Fabrice , Marichal Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResident tissue macrophages (RTM) can fulfill various tasks during development, homeostasis, inflammation and repair. In the lung, non-alveolar RTM, called interstitial macrophages (IM), importantly contribute to tissue homeostasis but remain little characterized. Here we show, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), two phenotypically distinct subpopulations of long-lived monocyte-derived IM, i.e. CD206+ and CD206−IM, as well as a discrete population of extravasating CD64+CD16.2+ monocytes. CD206+ IM are peribronchial self-maintaining RTM that constitutively produce high levels of chemokines and immunosuppressive cytokines. Conversely, CD206−IM preferentially populate the alveolar interstitium and exhibit features of antigen-presenting cells. In addition, our data support that CD64+CD16.2+ monocytes arise from intravascular Ly-6Clo patrolling monocytes that enter the tissue at steady-state to become putative precursors of CD206−IM. This study expands our knowledge about the complexity of lung IM and reveals an ontogenic pathway for one IM subset, an important step for elaborating future macrophage-targeted therapies.
Transparent proton transport through a two-dimensional nanomesh material
Authors: Xu Jiyu , Jiang Hongyu , Shen Yutian , Li Xin-Zheng , Wang E. G. , Meng Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMolecular sieving is of great importance to proton exchange in fuel cells, water desalination, and gas separation. Two-dimensional crystals emerge as superior materials showing desirable molecular permeability and selectivity. Here we demonstrate that a graphdiyne membrane, an experimentally fabricated member in the graphyne family, shows superior proton conductivity and perfect selectivity thanks to its intrinsic nanomesh structure. The trans-membrane hydrogen bonds across graphdiyne serve as ideal channels for proton transport in Grotthuss mechanism. The free energy barrier for proton transfer across graphdiyne is ~2.4 kJ mol−1, nearly identical to that in bulk water (2.1 kJ mol−1), enabling “transparent” proton transport at room temperature. This results in a proton conductivity of 0.6 S cm−1 for graphdiyne, four orders of magnitude greater than graphene. Considering its ultimate pore size of 0.55 nm, graphdiyne membrane blocks soluble fuel molecules and exhibits superior proton selectivity. These advantages endow graphdiyne a great potential as proton exchange material.