bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Goldmann prism intraocular pressure measurement accuracy and correlation to corneal biomechanical metrics: multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: McCafferty Sean Joseph , Tetrault Kyle , McColgin Ann , Chue Warren , Levine Jason , Muller Melissa 
Published: February 2019

PurposeClinically evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements taken with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) prism and a modified surface Goldmann prism examining measurement differences correlated to central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal hysteresis (CH) values.DesignProspective, open-label, randomised, controlled, multicentre reference device accuracy analysis.MethodsA GAT and a modified surface GAT prism measured IOP on 243 unique eyes. The study design and methodology complied with International Standard Organization (ISO) tonometer evaluation guidelines, except the inclusion of thin (<500 µm) and thick (>600 µm) corneas. All eyes were randomised to IOP measurement by one of five standard Goldmann prisms and five modified prisms. Pressures were measured by six investigators, two times with each prism for a total of 1936 IOP measurements. Analysis included a multiple linear regression including CCT and CH correlation.ResultsThe difference in IOP measurements of the standard and modified Goldmann prisms correlated well to CCT particularly in thin (<500 µm) and thick (>600 µm) corneas (R2=0.404, p=0.007). Corneal hysteresis (CH) also significantly correlated to the difference in prism measurements (R2=0.125, p=0.039). There was no significant overall mean IOP bias between the two prisms (+0.43 mm Hg in modified, p=0.19).DiscussionThe paired IOP measurement difference between GAT and a modified surface Goldmann replacement prism indicated a statistically significant correlation to CCT and CH. A simple modified replacement prism for any Goldmann-type tonometer may significantly improve IOP measurement accuracy by minimising corneal biomechanical errors associated with CCT and CH.Trial registration numberNCT02990169 and NCT02989909.
Screening and receiving information for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings: a cross-sectional study of Arab and Jewish women of childbearing age in Israel
Authors: Daoud Nihaya , Berger-Polsky Alexandra , Sergienko Ruslan , O’Campo Patricia , Leff Rebecca , Shoham-Vardi Ilana 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe studied the proportion of women who have ever been screened (ES) for intimate partner violence (IPV) in a healthcare setting, received information (RI) about relevant services, or both, and explored disparities in screening and information provision by ethnicity and other characteristics.DesignIn 2014–2015, we undertook a cross-sectional study, conducting interviews using a structured questionnaire among a stratified sample of 1401 Arab and Jewish women in Israel.SettingA sample of 63 maternal and child health clinics (MCH) clinics in four geographical districts.ParticipantsWomen aged 16–48 years, pregnant or up to 6 months after childbirth.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used multivariable generalised estimating equation analysis to determine characteristics of women who were ES (Has anyone at the healthcare services (HCS) ever asked you whether you have experienced IPV?); RI (Have you ever received information about what to do if you experience IPV?); and both (ES&RI).ResultsLess than half of participants (48.8%) reported ES; 50.5% RI; and 30% were both ES&RI. Having experienced any IPV was not associated with ES or ES&RI, but was associated with RI in an unexpected direction. Women at higher risk for IPV (Arab minority women, lower education, unmarried) were less likely to report being ES, RI or both. The OR and 95% CI for not ER&RI were: 1.58 (1.00 to 2.49) among Arab compared with Jewish women; 1.95 (1.42 to 2.66) among low education versus academic education women; 1.34 (1.03 to 1.73) among not working versus working. ES, RI and both differ across districts.ConclusionsWhile Israel mandates screening and providing information regarding IPV for women visiting the HCS, we found inequalities, suggesting inconsistencies in policy implementation and missed opportunities to detect IPV. To increase IPV screening and information provision, the ministry of health should circulate clarification and provide support to healthcare providers to conduct these activities.
Postpartum emergency department use among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Monika , Akobirshoev Ilhom , Parish Susan L , Valentine Anne , Clements Karen M , Moore Simas Tiffany A 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAn emerging body of evidence underscores the often-intensive perinatal healthcare needs of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, population-based research examining postpartum experiences of US women with IDD is sparse. We examined emergency department (ED) use in the postpartum period among Massachusetts mothers with IDD.MethodsWe analysed 2002–2010 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data to compare any and ≥2 ED visits between mothers with and without IDD: within 1–42 days post partum, 1–90 days post partum and 1–365 days post partum. We also determined whether or not such ED use was non-urgent or primary-care sensitive.ResultsWe identified 776 births in women with IDD and 595 688 births in women without IDD. Across all three postpartum periods, women with IDD were vastly more likely to have any postpartum ED use, to have ≥2 ED visits and to have ED visits for mental health reasons. These findings persisted after controlling for numerous sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Women with IDD were less likely to have non-urgent ED visits during the three postpartum periods and they were less likely to have primary-care sensitive ED visits during the postpartum period.ConclusionThese findings contribute to the emerging research on perinatal health and healthcare use among women with IDD. Further research examining potential mechanisms behind the observed ED visit use is warranted. High ED use for mental health reasons among women with IDD suggests that their mental health needs are not being adequately met.
La educación no formal: una herramienta importante para la formación del estudiante de medicina
Authors: De Benedictis Serrano Ginno Alessandro , Camel Calderon Orianna Gabriela , Sequera Torres Nahir José , Alvarez Romero Esbery Delia 
Published: February 2019

El impacto de la educación desde sus diferentes aristas es invaluable, especialmente en el ámbito universitario y resaltado en la carrera de medicina, por lo que se reconoce a la educación como un concepto extenso, pudiéndose simplificar en tres tipos: educación formal, educación no formal y educación informal. Las definiciones otorgadas a los tipos de educación son amplias, destacando la educación no formal, la cual envuelve a toda actividad que sea educativa, organizada y sistematizada que no implique necesariamente una trayectoria fija, que facilite determinadas clases de aprendizajes, pudiéndose realizar fuera del marco del sistema tradicional de educación, optando o no por certificación. Actualmente la educación no formal se presenta como alternativa o complemento a la educación formal, por lo cual se realizó la presente revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de examinar las implicaciones que tiene la educación no formal como complemento para la educación médica. Con la idea de desarrollar la educación no formal en el recinto universitario, de manera paralela a la educación formal, se procura que el estudiante de medicina, tenga formación durante y después de su desarrollo profesional, fomentando la educación médica continua, creando un aprendizaje activo, independiente y auto - dirigido, alivianado de la presión de la educación tradicional y que este tipo de educación se presente como una herramienta importante para renovar los esquemas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, apoyada por las tecnologías de la Información y comunicación así como por los recursos educativos abiertos.
A Phase I Study of Pegylated Arginine Deiminase (Pegargiminase), Cisplatin, and Pemetrexed in Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1-Deficient Recurrent High-grade Glioma
Authors: Hall Peter E. , Lewis Rachel , Syed Nelofer , Shaffer Richard , Evanson Jane , Ellis Stephen , Williams Matthew , Feng Xiaoxing , Johnston Amanda , Thomson Jim A. , Harris Fiona P. , Jena Raj , Matys Tomasz , Jefferies Sarah , Smith Kate , Wu Bor-Wen , Bomalaski John S. , Crook Timothy , O'Neill Kevin , Paraskevopoulos Dimitris , Khadeir Ramsay S. , Sheaff Michael , Pacey Simon , Plowman Piers N. , Szlosarek Peter W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurpose:Patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) are usually managed with alkylating chemotherapy ± bevacizumab. However, prognosis remains very poor. Preclinically, we showed that HGGs are a target for arginine depletion with pegargiminase (ADI-PEG20) due to epimutations of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and/or argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Moreover, ADI-PEG20 disrupts pyrimidine pools in ASS1-deficient HGGs, thereby impacting sensitivity to the antifolate, pemetrexed.Patients and Methods:We expanded a phase I trial of ADI-PEG20 with pemetrexed and cisplatin (ADIPEMCIS) to patients with ASS1-deficient recurrent HGGs (NCT02029690). Patients were enrolled (01/16–06/17) to receive weekly ADI-PEG20 36 mg/m2 intramuscularly plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Patients with disease control were allowed ADI-PEG20 maintenance. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and preliminary estimates of efficacy.Results:Ten ASS1-deficient heavily pretreated patients were treated with ADIPEMCIS therapy. Treatment was well tolerated with the majority of adverse events being Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03 grade 1-2. The best overall response was stable disease in 8 patients (80%). Plasma arginine was suppressed significantly below baseline with a reciprocal increase in citrulline during the sampling period. The anti–ADI-PEG20 antibody titer rose during the first 4 weeks of treatment before reaching a plateau. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5–20.8) and overall survival was 6.3 months (95% CI, 1.8–9.7).Conclusions:In this recurrent HGG study, ADIPEMCIS was well tolerated and compares favorably to historical controls. Additional trials of ADI-PEG20 in HGG are planned.
Low‐Gradient Severe Mitral Stenosis: Hemodynamic Profiles, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes
Authors: El Sabbagh Abdallah , Reddy Yogesh N. V. , Barros‐Gomes Sergio , Borlaug Barry A. , Miranda William R. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Nishimura Rick A. , Pellikka Patricia A. 
Published: February 2019

Background

Optimal management of patients with severe mitral stenosis (
MS
) and low transmitral gradient is incompletely understood.

Methods and Results

We examined 101 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic
MS
(mitral valve area ≤1.5 cm
2
) who underwent balloon valvuloplasty. Low gradient was defined as mean transmitral gradient <10 mm Hg and low flow as stroke volume index ≤35 mL/m
2
by echocardiography. Symptoms and mortality data were collected. Systolic, diastolic, and arterial function were characterized by measuring left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic elastance,
LV
stiffness constant (β), diastolic capacitance (predicted LV end‐diastolic volume at a common LV filling pressure of 30 mm Hg), and effective arterial elastance. Low gradient (<10 mm Hg) was present in 55 patients, including low flow/low gradient in 11 and normal flow/low gradient in 44 patients, and high gradient was present in 46 patients. Participants with low‐flow/low‐gradient (LG)
MS
were older with higher rates of atrial fibrillation (64%) and subvalvular thickening, higher afterload, and decreased
LV
compliance with lower ejection fraction (57±10% versus 65±4% versus 63±6%,
P
=0.002) but similar end‐systolic elastance compared with patients with normal‐flow/
LG
and high‐gradient
MS
. The normal‐flow/
LG
group had larger mitral valve area and lower left atrial pressure by catheterization, as well as favorable long‐term outcomes compared with the low‐flow/
LG
and high‐gradient
MS
group. A total of 40% of patients with
LG MS
had no symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty compared with 18% of patients with high‐gradient
MS
(
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Presence of low gradient in patients with severe
MS
was associated with lesser symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty. In the subset with low stroke volume index, this may be related to independent ventricular‐vascular uncoupling, decreased
LV
compliance, and high prevalence of atrial fibrillation in addition to intrinsic
MS
.
Intraarterial Thrombolysis as Rescue Therapy for Large Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Zaidi Syed F. , Castonguay Alicia C. , Jumaa Mouhammad A. , Malisch Tim W. , Linfante Italo , Marden Franklin A. , Abraham Michael G. , Chebl Alex Bou , Novakovic Roberta , Taqi M. Asif , Nogueira Raul G. , Martin Coleman O. , Holloway William E. , Mueller-Kronast Nils , English Joey D. , Dabus Guilherme , Bozorgchami Hormozd , Xavier Andrew , Rai Ansaar T. , Froehler Michael T. , Badruddin Aamir , Nguyen Thanh N. , Yoo Albert J. , Shaltoni Hashem , Janardhan Vallabh , Chen Peng R. , Britz Gavin W. , Kaushal Ritesh , Nanda Ashish , Gupta Rishi , Zaidat Osama O. 
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) devices have led to improved reperfusion and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with emergent large vessel occlusions; however, less than one-third of patients achieve complete reperfusion. Use of intraarterial thrombolysis in the context of MT may provide an opportunity to enhance these results. Here, we evaluate the use of intraarterial rtPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) as rescue therapy (RT) after failed MT in the North American Solitaire Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke registry.

Methods—
The North American Solitaire Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke registry recruited sites within North America to submit data on acute ischemic stroke patients treated with the Solitaire device. After restricting the population of 354 patients to use of RT and anterior emergent large vessel occlusions, we compared patients who were treated with and without intraarterial rtPA after failed MT.

Results—

A total of 37 and 44 patients was in the intraarterial rtPA RT and the no intraarterial rtPA RT groups, respectively. Revascularization success (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) was achieved in more intraarterial rtPA RT patients (61.2% versus 46.6%;
P
=0.13) with faster times to recanalization (100±85 versus 164±235 minutes;
P
=0.36) but was not statistically significant. The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (13.9% versus 6.8%;
P
=0.29) and mortality (42.9% versus 44.7%;
P
=0.87) were similar between the groups. Good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2) was numerically higher in intraarterial rtPA patients (22.9% versus 18.4%;
P
=0.64). Further restriction of the RT population to M1 occlusions only and time of onset to groin puncture ≤8 hours, resulted in significantly higher successful revascularization rates in the intraarterial rtPA RT cohort (77.8% versus 38.9%;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Intraarterial rtPA as RT demonstrated a similar safety and clinical outcome profile, with higher reperfusion rates achieved in patients with M1 occlusions. Prospective studies are needed to delineate the role of intraarterial thrombolysis in MT.
Danish Cold War Historiography
Authors: Mariager Rasmus 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
For decades, little research on Danish Cold War history was conducted either inside or outside Denmark. The relevant archives were closed, and generations of Danish contemporary historians were primarily interested in what happened during World War II. This is no longer the situation. Over the past 35 years, especially since the end of the Cold War, researchers have scrutinized Danish Cold War history in great depth. By now, scholarly research in Denmark on the Cold War, especially in the area of Danish national security affairs and foreign policy, has reached a level that merits international attention, and this survey article provides an overview. The article encourages Danish Cold War scholars to promote comparative research that incorporates Danish Cold War history into the wider international Cold War scholarship, to the benefit of both Danish and international research.
A Methodological Approach to Assess the Co-Behavior of Climate Processes over Southern Africa
Authors: Quagraine Kwesi A. , Hewitson Bruce , Jack Christopher , Pinto Izidine , Lennard Christopher 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The study develops an approach to assess co-behavior of climate processes. The regional response of precipitation and temperature patterns over southern Africa to the combined roles (co-behavior) of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is evaluated. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) classify circulation patterns over the subcontinent, and principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify related patterns across the data. The tropical rain belt index (TRBI), a measure of the ITCZ, is generally in phase with the AAO but mostly out of phase with ENSO. The phases of AAO may enhance or suppress ENSO impact on the location and distribution of regional precipitation and temperature over the region. This understanding of the co-behavior of large-scale processes is important to assess the impact these processes collectively have on precipitation and temperature, especially under future climate forcings.
Outcomes of Adopting Endoscopic Tympanoplasty in an Academic Teaching Hospital
Authors: Li Bin , Asche Stephen , Yang Robert , Yueh Bevan , Fina Manuela 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of endoscopic versus microscopic tympanoplasty during the initial period of a surgeon adopting the new endoscopic technique and teaching the surgical approach to residents assisting in surgery. Methods: Retrospective medical chart review of 60 consecutive operations for repair of isolated tympanic membrane perforations from 2011 to 2016 performed by a single surgeon assisted by residents in an academic teaching hospital. The outcomes of 20 ears repaired microscopically before the senior author adopted endoscopic ear surgery (Group A) were compared with the outcomes of the first 20 ears that were attempted with endoscopic surgery (Group B) and the next 20 ears performed endoscopically (Group C). Sixty ear operations were performed on 52 patients as 8 patients had bilateral ear surgery. Results: The tympanic membrane closure rate was 80% for Group A, 80% for Group B, and 95% for Group C. Mean air-bone gap improvement was 12.8 dB in Group A, 8.3 dB in Group B, and 12.1 dB in Group C. Mean duration of surgery was 99.2 minutes in Group A, 91.3 minutes in Group B, and 90.5 minutes in Group C. In Group B, 20% of the ears (4/20) were converted to a microscopic approach; in Group C, none required conversion. Conclusions: Maintenance of good outcomes and similar results can be maintained during a surgeon’s transition to adopting endoscopic tympanoplasty and teaching it to residents.
Treatment Recommendations for Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Ricciardi Lucia , Pringsheim Tamara , Barnes Thomas R.E. , Martino Davide , Gardner David , Remington Gary , Addington Donald , Morgante Francesca , Poole Norman , Carson Alan , Edwards Mark 
Published: February 2019

Background:Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterised by irregular, stereotyped, and choreiform movements associated with the use of antipsychotic medication. We aim to provide recommendations on the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.Methods:We performed a systematic review of studies of the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Studies were rated for methodological quality using the American Academy of Neurology Risk of Bias Classification system. Overall level of evidence classifications and grades of recommendation were made using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network framework.Results:Preventing tardive dyskinesia is of primary importance, and clinicians should follow best practice for prescribing antipsychotic medication, including limiting the prescription for specific indications, using the minimum effective dose, and minimising the duration of therapy. The first-line management of tardive dyskinesia is the withdrawal of antipsychotic medication if clinically feasible. Yet, for many patients with serious mental illness, the discontinuation of antipsychotics is not possible due to disease relapse. Switching from a first-generation to a second-generation antipsychotic with a lower D2 affinity, such as clozapine or quetiapine, may be effective in reducing tardive dyskinesia symptoms. The strongest evidence for a suitable co-intervention to treat tardive dyskinesia comes from tests with the new VMAT inhibitors, deutetrabenazine and valbenazine. These medications have not been approved for use in Canada.Conclusion:Data on tardive dyskinesia treatment are limited, and the best management strategy remains prevention. More long-term safety and efficacy data are needed for deutetrabenazine and valbenazine, and their routine availability to patients outside of the USA remains in question.
Posterior Arm Perforator Flap for Axillary Reconstruction After Hidradenitis Suppurativa Excision
Authors: Sirvan Selami Serhat , Demir Isil Akgun , Irmak Fatih , Sevim Kamuran Zeynep , Dagdelen Daghan , Yazar Sevgi Kurt , Karsidag Semra 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease arising from the hair follicles in apocrine gland-rich areas. It is also one of the most common indications for axillary surgery. Reconstruction of the axillary region after such surgery must be performed meticulously due to its critical location and crucial content. In this report, we present our experience of reconstruction of axillary defects with posterior arm perforator flaps (PAPF) following radical excisions. Methods: A total of 14 patients (9 male, 5 female) aged between 16 and 49 years who had presented with HS in the axillary region and, after surgery, underwent reconstruction with either island or skin bridge posterior arm flap between January 2015 and October 2016 were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively. All of the defects were reconstructed with PAPF following wide excision. Results: Five of the flaps (over 4 patients) were designed as flaps with skin bridges, while the remaining 12 flaps in 11 patients were raised as island flaps. The flaps had areas ranging from 20 to 84 cm2 (mean 39.5 cm2), depending on the size of the defect after excision. The mean follow-up time after the operation was 6 months. Wound dehiscence was detected in one patient, and another patient developed marginal necrosis during the postoperative period; no other complications were observed. Conclusion: Posterior arm perforator flaps can provide sufficient amounts of soft tissue to cover axillary defects and should be considered as the flap of choice in axillary reconstruction.