bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Illnesses, Stress Dosing, and Illness Sequelae in Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: El-Maouche Diala , Hargreaves Courtney J , Sinaii Ninet , Mallappa Ashwini , Veeraraghavan Padmasree , Merke Deborah P 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at risk for life-threatening adrenal crises. Management of illness episodes aims to prevent adrenal crises.

Objective
We evaluated rates of illnesses and associated factors in patients with CAH followed prospectively and receiving repeated glucocorticoid stress dosing education.

Methods
Longitudinal analysis of 156 patients with CAH followed at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center over 23 years was performed. The rates of illnesses and stress-dose days, emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and adrenal crises were analyzed in relation to phenotype, age, sex, treatment, and hormonal evaluations.

Results
A total of 2298 visits were evaluated. Patients were followed for 9.3 ± 6.0 years. During childhood, there were more illness episodes and stress dosing than adulthood (P &lt; 0.001); however, more ER visits and hospitalizations occurred during adulthood (P ≤ 0.03). The most robust predictors of stress dosing were young age, low hydrocortisone and high fludrocortisone dose during childhood, and female sex during adulthood. Gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) were the two most common precipitating events for adrenal crises and hospitalizations across all ages. Adrenal crisis with probable hypoglycemia occurred in 11 pediatric patients (ages 1.1 to 11.3 years). Undetectable epinephrine was associated with ER visits during childhood (P = 0.03) and illness episodes during adulthood (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Repeated stress-related glucocorticoid dosing teaching is essential, but revised age-appropriate guidelines for the management of infectious illnesses are needed for patients with adrenal insufficiency that aim to reduce adrenal crises and prevent hypoglycemia, particularly in children.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Chronic Postoperative Opioid Use After Major Spine Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study With Longitudinal Outcome
Authors: Dunn Lauren K. , Yerra Sandeep , Fang Shenghao , Hanak Mark F. , Leibowitz Maren K. , Tsang Siny , Durieux Marcel E. , Nemergut Edward C. , Naik Bhiken I. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Chronic opioid use is a significant public health concern. Surgery is a risk factor for developing chronic opioid use. Patients undergoing major spine surgery frequently are prescribed opioids preoperatively and may be at risk for chronic opioid use postoperatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and perioperative risk factors associated with chronic opioid use after major spine surgery.

METHODS:
The records of patients who underwent elective major spine surgery at the University of Virginia between March 2011 and February 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was chronic opioid use through 12 months postoperatively. Demographic data, medical comorbidities, preoperative pain scores, and medication use including daily morphine-equivalent (ME) dose, intraoperative use of lidocaine and ketamine, estimated blood loss, postoperative pain scores and medication use, and postoperative opioid use were collected. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with chronic opioid use.

RESULTS:
Of 1477 patient records reviewed, 412 patients (27.9%) were opioid naive and 1065 patients (72.3%) used opioids before surgery. Opioid data were available for 1325 patients, while 152 patients were lost to 12-month follow-up and were excluded. Of 958 preoperative opioid users, 498 (52.0%) remained chronic users through 12 months. There was a decrease in opioid dosage (mg ME) from preoperative to 12 months postoperatively with a mean difference of −14.7 mg ME (standard deviation, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], −17.8 to −11.7). Among 367 previously opioid-naive patients, 67 (18.3%) became chronic opioid users. Factors associated with chronic opioid use were examined using logistic regression models. Preoperative opioid users were nearly 4 times more likely to be chronic opioid users through 12 months than were opioid-naive patients (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.51–6.33; P < .001). Mean postoperative pain score (0–10) was associated with increased odds of chronic opioid use (odds ratio for a 1 unit increase in pain score 1.25, 95% CI, 1.13–1.38; P < .001). Use of intravenous ketamine or lidocaine was not associated with chronic opioid use through 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Greater than 70% of patients presenting for major spine surgery used opioids preoperatively. Preoperative opioid use and higher postoperative pain scores were associated with chronic opioid use through 12 months. Use of ketamine and lidocaine did not decrease the risk for chronic opioid use. Surveillance of patients for these factors may identify those at highest risk for chronic opioid use and target them for intervention and reduction strategies.
Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato
Authors: Yendyo Shiva , G.C. Ramesh , Pandey Binayak Raj 
Published: March 2018

Background:Ralstoniaspp. is a major pathogenic microbe for tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions.Ralstoniaspp.produces several virulence factors helping it to invade the plant’s natural defense mechanism. Native isolates ofTrichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescensandBacillus subtiliscan be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results.Methods:Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolateRalstoniaspp.in CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (109cells/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method.Results:It was observed that the isolatedTrichodermaspp. AA2 andPseudomonas fluorescensPFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth ofRalstoniaspp.,showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival ofRalstoniaspp.The results from the field data indicated thatTrichodermaspp. andPseudomonas fluorescensalone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection.Bacillus subtiliscould only prevent 84 % of the infection. Conclusions:Antagonistic effect againstRalstonia spp.shown by native isolates ofTrichodermaspp. andP. fluorescensmanifested the promising potential as biocontrol agents. Combined application gave better results. Results shown byBacillus subtiliswere not significant.
Metanarracja dla Europy? Według Hanny Arendt
Authors: Łojek Stanisław 
Published: March 2018

Meta‑narrative for Europe? According to Hannah Arendt
When we think about the principles organizing the life of a community, we usually refer them to particular areas: social, political, moral, economic… There are, however, principles that seem to be total. As they define all domains of social life, governed by the particular principles, they can be called ‘metanarrations’. In this paper, I explore the possibility of finding such fundamental principles that could unify and organize Europe. I assume that they must exceed (national) particularism without approaching (cosmopolitan) universalism, since the ‘European homeland’ – if it exists (and/or should exist) – must be the unity in plurality and diversity. Basing my considarations on the works of Hannah Arendt, who in turn refers to the experience of Greek polis, I argue that the idea of freedom, closely related with direct participation in government, might be the principle needed. Following Arendt, I point out that this principle means not only that no one canbe ruled by anyone, but also that no opinion, no idea and no way of living and thinking can rise ultimately above others; none of them, in otwher words, can turn into truth.
Reviews
Authors: Evans Gareth Llŷr , Raw Laurence 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Theatre and Adaptation: Return, Rewrite, Repeat, Margherita Laera (ed.) (2014) UK: Bloomsbury Publishing, 296 pp., ISBN: 9781408184721, h/bk, £90.00; p/bk, £28.99
The Forgotten Adaptations of D. H. Lawrence Short Stories, Jason Mark Ward (2016) Leiden: Brill Rodopi, 275 pp., ISBN: 9789004309043, h/bk, €82.00
Niosomes: a review of their structure, properties, methods of preparation, and medical applications
Authors: Yeo Pei Ling , Lim Chooi Ling , Chye Soi Moi , Kiong Ling Anna Pick , Koh Rhun Yian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to diseased sites. Various types of drug-delivery systems utilize carriers, such as immunoglobulins, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, liposomes, and microspheres. The vesicular system of niosomes, with their bilayer structure assembled by nonionic surfactants, is able to enhance the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a period. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Other additives, such as cholesterol, can be used to maintain the rigidity of the niosomes’ structure. This narrative review describes fundamental aspects of niosomes, including their structural components, methods of preparation, limitations, and current applications to various diseases.
Potassium channel inhibitors induce oxidative stress in breast cancer cells
Authors: Öner Çağri , Çolak Ertuğrul , Coşan Didem Turgut 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Antioxidant levels increase to protect cell homeostasis when oxidant generation is increased by drug or inhibitor treatment. If the oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium is disrupted, oxidative stress will occur.

Objectives
To determine the effects of various potassium channel inhibitors in the disruption of oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium in breast cancer cell lines with various phenotypes.

Methods
MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with tetraethylammonium chloride (5 mM; TEA), 4-aminopyridine (5 mM; 4-AP), margatoxin (25 nM; MgTX), or astemizole (200 nM; AST). After treatment, total antioxidant, oxidant, and oxidative stress levels were determined.

Results
Incubation with TEA, 4-AP, MgTX, and AST increased oxidative stress in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.001). Specific inhibitors of calcium-activated potassium channels and ether á go-go 1-related potassium channels produce greater oxidative stress than other inhibitors in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas in MDA-MB-231 cells, the nonselective channel inhibitor 4-AP produces the greatest oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Potassium channel inhibitors used in our study disrupted the antioxidant–oxidant equilibrium and increased oxidative stress in the cancer cell lines. Although all of the channel inhibitors increased oxidative stress in cells, TEA and AST were the most effective inhibitors in MCF-7 cells. 4-AP was the most effective inhibitor in MDA-MB-231 cells. Voltage-gated potassium channels are attractive targets for anticancer therapy, and their inhibitors may enhance the effects of anticancer drugs.
A translanguaging view of the linguistic system of bilinguals
Authors: Otheguy Ricardo , García Ofelia , Reid Wallis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo conceptions of the linguistic system of bilinguals are in contention. Thetranslanguagingapproach supports what we call aunitaryview, arguing that bilingualism and multilingualism, despite their importance as sociocultural concepts, have no correspondence in a dual or multiple linguistic system. In our view, the myriad lexical and structural features mastered by bilinguals occupy a cognitive terrain that is not fenced off into anything like the two areas suggested by the two socially named languages. But a strong critique of this view by Jeff MacSwan adopts the familiar position that, while allowing for some overlap, the competence of bilinguals involves language specific internal differentiation. According to this view, which we have called thedual correspondence theory, bilinguals possess two separate linguistic systems whose boundaries coincide with those of the two named languages. Several interdisciplinary considerations point to the lack of initial plausibility of the dual correspondence theory. And the main argument offered by MacSwan in defense of the theory, namely restrictions on code switching, lacks descriptive adequacy and theoretical coherence. The dual correspondence theory has had pernicious effects in educational practices. A much healthier educational climate is created by teachers who adopt the unitary view sponsored by translanguaging.
Presence and absence of προαίρεσις in Christ and saints according to Maximus the Confessor and parallels in Neoplatonism
Authors: Benevich Grigory 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The article shows that prior to the debate with the Monothelites, Maximus the Confessor followed the Christian tradition going back to Gregory of Nyssa in recognizing the presence of προαίρεσις in Christ and the saints. Later during the debate, Maximus declined to apply προαίρεσις to Christ and started to speak about the deactivation of προαίρεσις in the saints in the state of deification. Maximus was the first Orthodox author who distinguished deliberate choice (προαίρεσις) and natural will (θέλημα), and defended the presence of natural will in Christ according to His humanity. At the same time, the opposition of desire (βούλησις) and deliberate choice (προαίρεσις) can be found in some Neoplatonists, such as Iamblichus, Proclus, and Philoponus. Iamblichus and Proclus rejected the presence of προαίρεσις in the gods and god-like humans, admitting only the presence of βούλησις - the desire for the Good. Thus, the evolution of the doctrine of Maximus the Confessor, regarding the application of προαίρε- σις to Christ and the saints, finds a parallel doctrine (and even possibly a source) in Neoplatonism.
Enhanced broadband absorption in nanowire arrays with integrated Bragg reflectors
Authors: Aghaeipour Mahtab , Pettersson Håkan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA near-unity unselective absorption spectrum is desirable for high-performance photovoltaics. Nanowire (NW) arrays are promising candidates for efficient solar cells due to nanophotonic absorption resonances in the solar spectrum. The absorption spectra, however, display undesired dips between the resonance peaks. To achieve improved unselective broadband absorption, we propose to enclose distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in the bottom and top parts of indium phosphide (InP) NWs, respectively. We theoretically show that by enclosing only two periods of In0.56Ga0.44As/InP DBRs, an unselective 78% absorption efficiency (72% for NWs without DBRs) is obtained at normal incidence in the spectral range from 300 nm to 920 nm. Under oblique light incidence, the absorption efficiency is enhanced up to about 85% at an incidence angle of 50°. By increasing the number of DBR periods from two to five, the absorption efficiency is further enhanced up to 95% at normal incidence. In this work, we calculated optical spectra for InP NWs, but the results are expected to be valid for other direct band gap III–V semiconductor materials. We believe that our proposed idea of integrating DBRs in NWs offers great potential for high-performance photovoltaic applications.
Geschichtspolitik und die deutsche Unternehmensgeschichte
Authors: Roelevink Eva-Maria , Hesse Jan-Otmar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:

Politics of Past in Business History German business history currently experiences a boom of commissioned company histories that comes close to a similar high in the 1990s, when German companies started to address their Nazi-past more critically. However, the current interest goes far beyond the period between 1933 and 1945. Apparently, the companies discovered history as an instrument for marketing purposes. By placing «Politics of the Past in Business History» at the center of attention, we aim to bring together contributions of a field that has been filled mainly by an exterior perspective, esp. by journalists. The special issue of ZUG is dedicated to the question, how corporations tried to control their public history. Whether companies organized their history for political purposes beside the anniversaries and how this was conducted is widely neglected by business history so far and is addressed with the special issue.
Lygios moterų ir vyrų galimybės pasaulyje, Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje
Authors: Kublickienė Lilija 
Published: March 2018

This article discusses the issue of gender equality as being an integral part of human rights and the fundamental basis of democracy. It is argued that the existence of legal guarantors is not a sufficient factor for the implementation of de facto gender equality. It is considered that the implementation of gender equality is a basic criterion of the quality of democrcy and reflects a certain change of values within a society. This article deals with the concepts of gender and gender equality, emphasizing their dynamism depending on the historical, political, cultural and social context, stressing that gender equality is still not implemented in many areas, although it is widely recognized that gender parity is important – not only in moral but also in social and economic terms.On the basis of report data from the Global Gender Gap, this article analyzes the indicators that disclose the differences of women and men statuses across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics. It investigates the current situation of gender equality on a global scale, the European Union and Lithuania, observing the changes that have taken place over the last decade (2006–2016).
Keywords: human rights, gender, gender equality, gender gap, social integration, social exclusion
Worse than communism? Discursive anti-gender mobilizations in Lithuania
Authors: Buschmann Dovainė 
Published: March 2018

Without doubt, anti-gender struggles in Lithuania are an essential part of a broader transnational tendency to promote tradition and religion over equality, to discredit the European Union as a place of moral decline, to criticize gender studies as an academic discipline etc. However, some aspects of anti-gender mobilization in this state are locally embedded and historically determined. The aim of this article is to analyze patterns of argumentation and implicit assumptions on the term gender as a conceptual analogy of Communism. Hence, the the focus of this paper is on the following questions: how is the analogy between genderism and Communism constructed in the public discourse in Lithuania? Why is this comparison a successful strategy of anti-gender mobilization? The analysis is based on an intensive reading and an interpretation of selected texts that explicitly tackle the analogy between gender equality policies and Communism.
Keywords: gender, anti-genderism, communism, discourse
Smurtas prieš moteris kaip diskriminacijos dėl lyties forma ir lyčių stereotipų pasekmė
Authors: Michailovič Ilona 
Published: March 2018

There is a reoccurring relationship between the functioning and dissemination of gender stereotypes, violence against women and discrimination against women. Negative stereotypes of women still do exist and are still firmly established. In this article, we demonstrate the consequences of the existence of such stereotypes, and we analyze the decisions of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women regarding sexual violence against women.The article addresses a range of issues that expressly substantiate a need for effective measures in respect of violence against women. The process of positive change of social views on the traditional role of women and men is certainly a long process, and it cannot be done without the inspiration and activity of both the individual states and international organizations. The contributions of numerous international institutions in this area have been demonstrating increasingly clearly that any state is fundamentally obliged to confront violence both in the public domain and private environments, and that it must ensure the safety, protection and assistance for victims of violence.
Enumeratio és ékesség Árkay Bertalan 1945 utáni (usque) 12 temploma
Authors: Lantos Edit 
Published: March 2018

The paper presents Bertalan Árkay’s post-1945 smaller churches and through them the architect’s formal solutions and working method on the basis of plans in the estate, archival sources and his own list of works. After a source critical collation of the listed sources, the author takes stock of the elements of the oeuvre and identifying the buildings attributed to Árkay she clarifies the size of the oeuvre. She has found that between 1945 and 1953 he planned three churches (Cegléd, Gerjen, Kömpöc) but the construction of the Cegléd church was interrupted by the historical circumstances. Between 1957 and ’60 he made plans for nine churches (Győr-Kisbácsa, Szalkszentmárton, Vecsés Andrássy-telep, Hernád, Inárcs, Móricgát, Tiszalök, Újtikos, Vecsés-Óplébánia) seven of which were constructed on his plans. In 1961–65 he planned and built the churches of Pátroha, Parádsasvár and Tiszaeszlár. After the identification of restoration work and the contributions of other architects, it could be concluded that in addition to the churches of Hort and Taksony Bertalan Árkay saw 12 of his planned churches built up.
The examination of the buildings and the plan drawings confirmed that Árkay had some favourite formal solutions that he was wont to resort to. Regarding the façade design, three versions can be differentiated: one with a façade tower, one with a gable wall, and one with a pediment. As for window types, he had a penchant for windows with circular head, windows/French windows designed upon the arms of the cross and rosettes subdivided with a cross. Comparing them to the material in the estate one finds that Árkay often reused his motifs designed 20–25 years earlier. Behind the repeated forms of details (portals, choir) collaboration with the same craftsmen can be discerned.
By correcting some facts of the biography the author clarifies that apart from his work in state planning offices, Bertalan Árkay accepted several ecclesiastical commissions. It also came to light that in addition to planning new buildings he often undertook the restoration of buildings and the designing of objects of furnishing in any style.
The final conclusion is that after 1945 Bertalan Árkay was not able to repeat the architecture historical bravura he achieved with the Városmajor church, the prelude to modern Hungarian church architecture, designed with his father Aladár Árkay. In aesthetic terms his smaller churches satisfy the standards of ecclesiastic art and the expectations of the users, but their historicizing elements remove them from the contemporary trends of architecture, and their repetition shows routine rather than architectural invention.