bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bold Stock Recommendations: Informative or Worthless?
Authors: Palmon Dan , Sarath Bharat , Xin Hua C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe select a small set of recommendations that lie in the upper and lower tail of the empirical distribution of divergences between a recommendation, and the consensus over the window (−30, −1) days prior to that recommendation. We classify these extremely divergent recommendations as bold, and then subdivide them into informative bold recommendations that lead other analysts (leading‐bold) and those that are ignored by other analysts (contra‐bold) based on the consensus change in the 30 days after the announcement. We focus on the information conveyed to the market by these bold, leading‐bold, and contra‐bold recommendations through their effects on cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). We find that bold recommendations are not anticipated by market participants (CARs are negative before a bold buy and positive before a bold sell). The next finding is that the market responds strongly to both leading and contra‐bold recommendations over the (0, +4)‐day window and that these reactions are stronger than that to nonbold recommendations. In contrast, over the longer (0, +30)‐day window, leading‐bold recommendations earn additional returns whereas contra‐bold ones reverse significantly due to lack of confirmation. The overall pattern is one of rational market reaction both in the short and long windows. We support the rationality of the market reaction by showing that the percentage of leading‐bold recommendations exceeds that of contra‐bold recommendations, and that these two types of recommendations cannot be separated using observable analyst characteristics such as experience or brokerage size.
Early‐onset fetal growth restriction: A systematic review on mortality and morbidity
Authors: Pels Anouk , Beune Irene M. , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis Aleid G. , Limpens Jacqueline , Ganzevoort Wessel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSevere early‐onset fetal growth restriction is an obstetric condition with significant risks of perinatal mortality, major and minor neonatal morbidity, and long‐term health sequelae. The prognosis of a fetus is influenced by the extent of prematurity and fetal weight. Clinical care is individually adjusted. In literature, survival rates vary and studies often only include live‐born neonates with missing rates of antenatal death. This systematic review aims to summarize the literature on mortality and morbidity.Material and methodsA broad literature search was conducted in OVID MEDLINE from 2000 to 26 April 2019 to identify studies on fetal growth restriction and perinatal death. Studies were excluded when all included children were born before 2000 because (neonatal) health care has considerably improved since this period. Studies were included that described fetal growth restriction diagnosed before 32 weeks of gestation and antenatal mortality and neonatal mortality and/or morbidity as outcome. Quality of evidence was rated with the GRADE instrument.ResultsOf the 2604 publications identified, 25 studies, reporting 2895 pregnancies, were included in the systematic review. Overall risk of bias in most studies was judged as low. The quality of evidence was generally rated as very low to moderate, except for 3 large well‐designed randomized controlled trials. When combining all data on mortality, in 355 of 2895 pregnancies (12%) the fetus died antenatally, 192 died in the neonatal period (8% of live‐born neonates) and 2347 (81% of all pregnancies) children survived. Of the neonatal morbidities recorded, respiratory distress syndrome (34% of the live‐born neonates), retinopathy of prematurity (13%) and sepsis (30%) were most common. Of 476 children that underwent neurodevelopmental assessment, 58 (12% of surviving children, 9% of all pregnancies) suffered from cognitive impairment and/or cerebral palsy.ConclusionsWhen combining the data of 25 included studies, survival in fetal growth restriction pregnancies, diagnosed before 32 weeks of gestation, was 81%. Neurodevelopmental impairment was assessed in a minority of surviving children. Individual prognostic counseling on the basis of these results is hampered by differences in patient and pregnancy characteristics within the included patient groups.
Hardscape floristics: Functional and phylogenetic diversity of parking‐lot plants
Authors: Frazee Lauren J. , Aronson Myla F. J. , Kattge Jens , Struwe Lena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuestionsThe study of organisms living in extreme environments has shaped our knowledge of the deterministic and stochastic factors that contribute to community assembly. With hardscape habitats (HH), humans have created a novel land‐cover type that is physically analogous to extreme terrestrial environments such as deserts, barrens, and rocky outcrops and may harbor rare or specialist species and communities. We addressed the following questions: (a) which plant species inhabit hardscapes; (b) do hardscapes serve as a refuge for rare or specialist species; (c) how taxonomically similar are hardscape plant communities to one another and the regional species pool; (d) is phylogenetic diversity of hardscape communities different from that of the regional species pool; and (e) which functional traits and life history strategies are filtered for or against in hardscape plant communities?Location and MethodsWe surveyed the vascular plant communities of 17 asphalt parking lots in New Jersey, USA, to use as a focal hardscape habitat for this study.ResultsParking‐lot plant communities contained 119 vascular plant taxa out of the 2,199 regional species and had a lower beta and phylogenetic diversity than the regional species pool. The parking‐lot flora had significantly higher frequencies of annuals, biennials, C4 plants, ruderal strategists, non‐natives, herbaceous plants, self‐compatible species, and species from the Caryophyllales, Asterales, Ulmaceae, and Plantaginaceae clades compared to the regional pool and contained no New Jersey threatened or endangered species.ConclusionsHardscape habitats may be similar to naturally occurring, extreme terrestrial environments in that they impose stringent filters on ecological communities leading to increased proportions of short‐lived and C4 plant species compared to the regional pool. Nevertheless, hardscapes are unlikely to serve as biodiversity refuges in the Northeastern USA as they create novel abiotic conditions that may be hostile to many native, rare, and specialist species.
A qualitative analysis of psychologists' views of bereavement among children with intellectual disability in Ireland
Authors: McClean Katie , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: August 2019

Accessible Summary

Twelve psychologists were asked about supporting children with intellectual disabilities when a member of their family dies.

Psychologists said that these children were often left out when a family member dies.

Explanations of what had happened were often vague. People often try to protect children with intellectual disabilities by not upsetting them.

Children with intellectual disabilities often express their sadness using challenging behaviours or by going quiet.

The psychologists worked mainly with the parents of the child.

The psychologists wanted to see more education on emotions for children with intellectual disabilities.

AbstractBackgroundThe present study investigated psychologists’ views of the experience of death and bereavement among children with intellectual disabilities.Materials and MethodsTwelve psychologists with experience of working with children with intellectual disabilities (Educational = 2, Clinical = 8, and Behavioural analysts = 2; average years of experience = 24 years, SD = 10.4) completed semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis was conducted on the data.ResultsThe results indicated that psychologists were in favour of concrete and factual explanations of death for children with intellectual disabilities, as opposed to metaphorical or vague explanations. Psychologists reported that intellectual disability did not prevent the child from experiencing grief, but did impact their expression of grief. The challenges identified by psychologists included overcoming assumptions about the capabilities of a child with intellectual disability to understand and experience grief, enabling and encouraging families to includethe child in the bereavement process. Finally, the psychologists emphasised the need to normalise grief and make it part of life.ConclusionThis study benefitted from a sample rich in relevant experience and from the rigorous process of thematic analysis. However, this project can only be considered a proxy study as there is no way to be certain the views of the psychologists actually reflect the experiences of grieving children. This is an area for further research.
P2X7 activation enhances skeletal muscle metabolism and regeneration in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fabbrizio Paola , Apolloni Savina , Bianchi Andrea , Salvatori Illari , Valle Cristiana , Lanzuolo Chiara , Bendotti Caterina , Nardo Giovanni , Volonté Cinzia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMuscle weakness plays an important role in neuromuscular disorders comprising amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is not established whether muscle denervation originates from the motor neurons, the muscles or more likely both. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the SOD1G93A mutation in skeletal muscles causes denervation of the neuromuscular junctions, inability to regenerate and consequent atrophy, all clear symptoms of ALS. In this work, we used SOD1G93A mice, a model that best mimics some pathological features of both familial and sporadic ALS, and we investigated some biological effects induced by the activation of the P2X7 receptor in the skeletal muscles. The P2X7, belonging to the ionotropic family of purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP, is abundantly expressed in the healthy skeletal muscles, where it controls cell duplication, differentiation, regeneration or death. In particular, we evaluated whether an in vivo treatment in SOD1G93A mice with the P2X7 specific agonist 2′(3′)‐O‐(4‐Benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine5′‐triphosphate (BzATP) just before the onset of a pathological neuromuscular phenotype could exert beneficial effects in the skeletal muscles. Our findings indicate that stimulation of P2X7 improves the innervation and metabolism of myofibers, moreover elicits the proliferation/differentiation of satellite cells, thus preventing the denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles in SOD1G93A mice. Overall, this study suggests that a P2X7‐targeted and site‐specific modulation might be a strategy to interfere with the complex multifactorial and multisystem nature of ALS.
Pterostilbene restores carbapenem susceptibility in New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing isolates by inhibiting the activity of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamases
Authors: Liu Shui , Zhang Jian , Zhou Yonglin , Hu Naiyu , Li Jiyun , Wang Yang , Niu Xiaodi , Deng Xuming , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeBacteria producing New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1) are an increasing clinical threat. NDM‐1 can inactivate almost all β‐lactams and is not sensitive to any existing β‐lactamase inhibitors. To identify effective inhibitors of the NDM‐1 enzyme and clarify the mechanism of action, a “lead compound” for developing more potent NDM‐1 inhibitors needs to be provided.Experimental ApproachNatural compounds were tested by enzyme inhibition screening to find potential inhibitors. MIC assays, growth curve assays, and time‐kill assays were conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of pterostilbene and the combination of pterostilbene and meropenem. A murine thigh model and a mouse pneumonia model were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of combined therapy. Molecular modelling and a mutational analysis were used to clarify the mechanism of action.Key ResultsPterostilbene significantly inhibited NDM‐1 hydrolysis activity in enzyme inhibition screening assays and effectively restored the effectiveness of meropenem in vitro with NDM‐expressing isolates in antibacterial activity assays. In addition, the combined therapy effectively reduced the bacterial burden in a murine thigh model and protected mice from pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. By means of molecular dynamics simulation, we observed that pterostilbene localized to the catalytic pocket of NDM‐1, hindering substrate binding to NDM‐1 and reducing NDM‐1 activity.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings indicated that pterostilbene combined with meropenem may offer a new safe and potential “lead compound” for the further development of NDM‐1 inhibitors.
Role of diet and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis: New findings on the role of high‐salt intake in induction of neuroinflammation
Authors: Abdoli Amir , Mofazzal Jahromi Mirza Ali , Roustazadeh Abazar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple etiological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The recent study by Okuno et al. provides an insight into the interaction of gut microbiota and immune cells in MS. However, new findings showed that a high‐salt diet is involved in the induction of severe neuroinflammation through the aggravation of T helper 17 pathways and their inflammatory cytokines. The synergistic effects of high‐salt and high‐fat intake in the induction of inflammatory reactions are also plausible. This article is a snapshot of the recent findings about the putative role of high‐salt intake in the pathogenesis of MS.
Additive multiple predator effects can reduce mosquito populations
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Callaghan Amanda , Sentis Arnaud , Dalal Arpita , Dick Jaimie T. A. 
Published: August 2019

1. Multiple predator interactions may profoundly alter ecological community dynamics and can complicate predictions of simpler pairwise predator–prey interaction strengths. In particular, multiple predator effects may lessen or enhance prey risk, with implications for community‐level stability. Such emergent effects may modulate natural enemy efficacy towards target organisms.2. In the present study, a functional response approach was used to quantify emergent multiple predator effects among natural enemies towards the disease vector mosquito complex,Culex pipiens. Conspecific multiple predator–predator interactions of the cyclopoid copepodMacrocyclops albidus(intermediate predator) were quantified by comparing multiple predator consumption simulations, based on individual consumption rates, with multiple predator consumption rates that were experimentally observed. Further, the study examined the influence of the presence of a predator at a higher trophic level,Chaoborus flavicans, on copepod group predation.3. Both predators displayed type II functional responses, withC. flavicansconsuming significantly more prey thanM. albidusindividually. Overall consumption levels of mosquitoes increased with greater predator density and richness. Antagonistic or synergistic emergent multiple predator effects between conspecifics ofM. albiduswere not detected, and the higher‐level predator did not reduce effects of the intermediate predator. Accordingly, evidence for additive multiple predator interactions was found.4. The lack of predator–predator interference between cyclopoid copepods and larval chaoborid midges provides strong support for their combined application in mosquito biocontrol. It is proposed that there should be increased examination of multiple predator effects in assessments of natural enemy efficacies to better understand overall predatory effects within communities and utilities in vector control.
Genetic variability of hypoxia‐inducible factor alpha (HIFA) genes in familial erythrocytosis: Analysis of the literature and genome databases
Authors: Kristan Aleša , Debeljak Nataša , Kunej Tanja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFamilial erythrocytosis (FE) is a congenital disorder, defined by elevated red blood cell number, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Among eight types of FE, type 4 is caused by variants in the EPAS1 gene. Two other hypoxia‐inducible factor alpha (HIFA) subunits, HIF1A and HIF3A, have not yet been associated with medical history of FE, but have potential role in the development of erythrocytosis. To improve diagnosis, it is crucial to identify new variants in genes involved in erythrocyte production. Published literature and data from genome browsers were used to obtain HIFA sequence variants associated with erythrocytosis and to locate them on protein sequence and regulatory sites. We retrieved 24 variants from the literature: 2 in HIF1A, 20 in EPAS1 and 2 in HIF3A gene. Sixteen out of 20 variants in the EPAS1 gene are positioned in a conserved region of 13 amino acids within exon 12, next to regulatory post‐translational modification and binding sites, suggesting that EPAS1 has an important role in erythropoiesis. The role of HIF1A and HIF3A in the development of erythrocytosis should be further investigated.
The ventrolateral periaqueductal grey updates fear via positive prediction error
Authors: Walker Rachel A. , Wright Kristina M. , Jhou Thomas C. , McDannald Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAversive, positive prediction error (+PE) provides a mechanism to update and increase future fear to uncertain threat predictors. The ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) has been offered as a neural locus for +PE computation. Yet, a causal demonstration of vlPAG +PE activity to update fear remains elusive. We devised a fear discrimination procedure in which a danger cue predicts shock deterministically and an uncertainty cue predicts shock probabilistically, requiring prediction errors to achieve an appropriate fear response. Recording vlPAG single‐unit activity during fear discrimination in Long‐Evans rats, we reveal activity related to shock is consistent with +PE and updates subsequent fear to uncertainty at the trial level. We further demonstrate that vlPAG inhibition during shock selectively decreases future fear to uncertainty, but not danger, and temporal emergence of this effect is consistent with single‐unit activity. These findings provide causal evidence that vlPAG +PE is necessary for fear updating.
Amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception
Authors: Kale Emre H. , Üstün Sertaç , Çiçek Metehan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTime sensitivity is affected by emotional stimuli such as fearful faces. The effect of threatening stimuli on time perception depends on numerous factors, including task type and duration range. We applied a two‐interval forced‐choice task using face stimuli to healthy volunteers to evaluate time perception and emotion interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted finite impulse response analysis to examine time series for the significantly activated brain areas and psycho‐physical interaction to investigate the connectivity between selected regions. Time perception engaged a right‐lateralised frontoparietal network, while a face discrimination task activated the amygdala and fusiform face area (FFA). No voxels were active with regard to the effect of expression (fearful versus neutral). In parallel with this, our behavioural results showed that attending to the fearful faces did not cause duration overestimation. Finally, connectivity of the amygdala andFFAto the middle frontal gyrus increased during the face processing condition compared to the timing task. Overall, our results suggest that the prefrontal–amygdala connectivity might be required for the emotional processing of facial stimuli. On the other hand, attentional load, task type and task difficulty are discussed as possible factors that influence the effects of emotion on time perception.
Prospects for seascape repair: Three case studies from eastern Australia
Authors: Creighton Colin , Prahalad Vishnu N. , McLeod Ian , Sheaves Marcus , Taylor Matthew D. , Walshe Terry 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThree case studies spanning tropical, subtropical and temperate environments highlight the minimum potential benefits of investing in repair of coastal seascapes. Fisheries, a market benefit indicator readily understood by a range of stakeholders from policymakers to community advocates, were used as a surrogate for ecosystem services generated through seascape habitat restoration. For each case study, while recognising that biological information will always remain imperfect, the prospects for seascape repair are compelling.
Characteristics of free air carbon dioxide enrichment of a northern temperate mature forest
Authors: Hart Kris M. , Curioni Giulio , Blaen Phillip , Harper Nicholas J. , Miles Peter , Lewin Keith F. , Nagy John , Bannister Edward J. , Cai Xiaoming M. , Thomas Rick M. , Krause Stefan , Tausz Michael , MacKenzie A. Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn 2017, the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) began to conduct Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) within a mature broadleaf deciduous forest situated in the United Kingdom. BIFoR FACE employs large‐scale infrastructure, in the form of lattice towers, forming ‘arrays’ which encircle a forest plot of ~30 m diameter. BIFoR FACE consists of three treatment arrays to elevate local CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) by +150 µmol/mol. In practice, acceptable operational enrichment (ambient [CO2] + e[CO2]) is ±20% of the set point 1‐min average target. There are a further three arrays that replicate the infrastructure and deliver ambient air as paired controls for the treatment arrays. For the first growing season with e[CO2] (April to November 2017), [CO2] measurements in treatment and control arrays show that the target concentration was successfully delivered, that is: +147 ± 21 µmol/mol (mean ± SD) or 98 ± 14% of set point enrichment target. e[CO2] treatment was accomplished for 97.7% of the scheduled operation time, with the remaining time lost due to engineering faults (0.6% of the time), CO2 supply issues (0.6%) or adverse weather conditions (1.1%). CO2 demand in the facility was driven predominantly by wind speed and the formation of the deciduous canopy. Deviations greater than 10% from the ambient baseline CO2 occurred <1% of the time in control arrays. Incidences of cross‐contamination >80 µmol/mol (i.e. >53% of the treatment increment) into control arrays accounted for <0.1% of the enrichment period. The median [CO2] values in reconstructed three‐dimensional [CO2] fields show enrichment somewhat lower than the target but still well above ambient. The data presented here provide confidence in the facility setup and can be used to guide future next‐generation forest FACE facilities built into tall and complex forest stands.
Co‐encapsulation of resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate in low methoxyl pectin‐coated liposomes with great stability in orange juice
Authors: Feng Simin , Sun Yuxin , Wang Pei , Sun Peilong , Ritzoulis Christos , Shao Ping 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTo improve long‐term stability of the liposomes, resveratrol (RES) liposomes, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) liposomes, RES+EGCG liposomes, RES+EGCG liposomes coated with low methoxyl pectin (LMP) were prepared, and their physical properties were evaluated. The prepared liposomes have a particle sizes of about 110–160 nm. The LMP‐coated composite liposomes have the largest particle size and zeta potential, the latter indicating higher system stability. Liposome systems were pasteurised and placed in an orange juice system as to study liposome stability in a real the food environment. LMP bridge with metal ions forming a network‐like gel in the LMP‐coated composite liposomes, thereby enhancing the stability of liposomes. LMP‐decorated liposomes could be developed as a formulation for encapsulating and delivering functional ingredients.