bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(MIS)measuring cognitive load and arousal in deception: A multitrait–multimethod analysis
Authors: Lahay Ryan , Leach Amy‐May , Cutler Brian L. , Woolridge Lyndsay R. , Elliott Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeCognitive load and arousal are cornerstones of many deception detection strategies and theories; in turn, their effective measurement is critical. However, fundamental criteria for establishing the quality and accuracy of measures have largely been overlooked. In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of common cognitive load and arousal measures.MethodWe obtained three independent secondary datasets in which participants (N = 238) had lied or told the truth about witnessing a suspicious event. Using a multitrait–multimethod analysis, we assessed three measures of their cognitive load and arousal: participants' self‐reports, trained coders' observations, and objective behaviours.ResultsAlthough all measures were reliable, they achieved differing levels of validation. Specifically, measures of cognitive load showed evidence of convergent validity, but not discriminant validity. There was no empirical support for the construct validity of arousal measures.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that inconsistencies in the diagnosticity of cues to deception and theory support may be attributable to the measures employed. Researchers may not be assessing constructs of interest, particularly in the case of arousal.
EQUAL ABPA Score 2024: A Tool to Measure Guideline Adherence for Managing Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Muthu Valliappan , Seidel Danila , Sprute Rosanne , Armstrong‐James Darius , Asano Koichiro , Chalmers James D. , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Godet Cendrine , Salzer Helmut J. F. , Cornely Oliver A. , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex lung disease associated with significant morbidity. The ABPA Working Group (AWG) of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) revised their management guidelines in 2024, but there is currently no standardised tool to assess adherence to these recommendations.MethodsWe extracted key recommendations from the updated 2024 ISHAM‐AWG guidelines, focusing on critical areas: screening and diagnosis of ABPA, managing acute and treatment‐dependent ABPA, and monitoring treatment response. Each item was assigned a score ranging from zero to three. We assigned negative scores to interventions not recommended by the guidelines.ResultsWe identified 38 items indicative of optimal clinical care for patients with ABPA. The score for screening asthmatics for ABPA was set at three points. For diagnosing ABPA, 16 items were included, with a score ranging from 12 to 16 points, depending on the specific components used (predisposing conditions, serum A. fumigatus‐specific IgE and IgG, serum total IgE, blood eosinophil count and chest computed tomography). The management of acute ABPA comprised 11 items, with a maximum score of three points. For treatment‐dependent ABPA, there were nine items (scores ranging from −3 to 6). Follow‐up care comprised 10 items with a maximum score of 10–13 points, covering imaging, spirometry, testing serum total IgE levels and therapeutic drug monitoring.ConclusionsThe EQUAL ABPA score has been developed as a comprehensive tool to quantify guideline adherence. Future studies will evaluate to which extent guideline adherence is associated with improved clinical outcomes for patients with ABPA.
Postoperative ileus—Immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions
Authors: Wang Zheng , Stakenborg Nathalie , Boeckxstaens Guy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) is a condition marked by a temporary suppression of gastrointestinal motility following abdominal surgery. The mechanism of POI encompasses various factors and is characterized by two phases: the early neurogenic phase involving both adrenergic and non‐adrenergic neural pathways; the later immune‐mediated phase is characterized by a sterile inflammatory response that lasts several days. Activation of muscularis macrophages triggers a sterile inflammatory process that results in dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and a reversible inhibition of gastrointestinal motility.PurposeIn this minireview, recent insights in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying POI and potential new therapeutic strategies are described.
Job Stress Can Lead to Intestinal Inflammation and Subsequent Gut‐Originated Extraoral Halitosis
Authors: Gu Xiao Xia , Jia Hui Jie , Qian Xiao Xian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesReports on stress‐associated halitosis are scarce and have only focused on intraoral halitosis. This work aimed to study stress‐associated extraoral halitosis (EOH) and further investigate its potential association with stress‐induced intestinal inflammation.MethodsThis retrospective study included 664 white‐collar employees with self‐reported stress‐associated halitosis. They underwent the organoleptic score (OLS) to assess halitosis, modified Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) score to assess job stress, OralChroma breath test to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath, and hydrogen/methane breath test (HMBT) and nitric oxide breath test (NOBT) to detect intestinal inflammation. They were classified into high‐stress and low‐stress groups based on their modified BJSQ score.ResultsTotally, 106 eligible patients were identified as having stress‐associated EOH, and 61 of them had high stress. Additionally, 70 (66.04%) and 73 (68.87%) of them tested positive for HMB and NOBT, respectively. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was found to be the predominant VSC in breath. High‐stress patients had significantly higher positivity rates for HMBT and NOBT, OLS, and exhaled DMS levels compared to low‐stress patients. HMBT‐positive patients and NOBT‐positive patients had significantly higher OLS and exhaled DMS levels compared to their respective negative counterparts.ConclusionsJob stress can lead to intestinal inflammation and subsequent gut‐originated EOH.
How Does Representational Mind‐Mindedness Translate Into Observable Parenting Behaviors Among Parents of Six‐Year‐Olds?
Authors: Svane Riikka Pauliina , Væver Mette Skovgaard , Højen Anders , Bleses Dorthe , Pedersen Ida Egmose 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMind‐Mindedness reflects parents' capacity to treat their child as an individual with a mind of their own. Research is lacking on how Representational Mind‐Mindedness (RMM) translates into observable parenting behaviours beyond infancy. The present study examined how RMM was associated with parents' Acknowledging Behaviour (AB) and use of Mental State Talk (MST), and whether these associations were moderated by parents' educational level. The sample consisted of 133 Danish parents and their 6‐year‐old children, who were observed engaging in a challenging puzzle and in a shared reminiscing task during home visits. RMM was operationalized as parents' use of mental attributes when describing their child. There was no significant association between RMM and AB. RMM was significantly associated with MST, but only among parents with higher education level. The present study illuminates differences in how the representational measure of parents' mentalization capacity translates into observable parenting behaviors among early school‐aged children.
Process and individuation (on speculative realism and becoming)
Authors: Massie Pascal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent developments in the continental tradition have taken a realist turn that reveals an oscillation between, on the one hand, an ontology of virtuality that thinks of reality as process and continuum (albeit a continuum of differences or events) and, on the other hand, the resurgence of an ontology of objects and essences guided by the desire to retain the individuality of beings. The dilemma goes something like this: if we embrace a processual ontology, we risk losing the manifestedness of objects, the way they insist in being in their unique presence. Objects become mere epiphenomena of deeper, subterranean forces. If, however, we embrace an ontology of objects, we assume a universe composed of separate substances; objects are all there is (even if they are withdrawn). This article argues that freeing ontology from correlationism does not entail construing ontology in terms of objects. Individuals are products rather than primitive ontological terms.
The covariant functoriality of graph algebras
Authors: Hajac Piotr M. , Tobolski Mariusz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the standard category of directed graphs, graph morphisms map edges to edges. By allowing graph morphisms to map edges to finite paths (path homomorphisms of graphs), we obtain an ambient category in which we determine subcategories enjoying covariant functors to categories of algebras given by constructions of path algebras, Cohn path algebras, and Leavitt path algebras, respectively. Thus, we obtain new tools to unravel homomorphisms between Leavitt path algebras and between graph C*‐algebras. In particular, a graph‐algebraic presentation of the inclusion of the C*‐algebra of a quantum real projective plane into the Toeplitz algebra allows us to determine a quantum CW‐complex structure of the former. It comes as a mixed‐pullback theorem where two ‐homomorphisms are covariantly induced from path homomorphisms of graphs and the remaining two are contravariantly induced by admissible inclusions of graphs. As a main result and an application of new covariant‐induction tools, we prove such a mixed‐pullback theorem for arbitrary graphs whose all vertex‐simple loops have exits, which substantially enlarges the scope of examples coming from noncommutative topology.
Characterization of Tunable Rebound Properties of Microstructured Magnetoactive Elastomers
Authors: Kriegl Raphael , Jezeršek Matija , Kravanja Gaia , Hribar Luka , Kokot Gašper , Drevenšek-Olenik Irena , Shamonin Mikhail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a novel method to control the rebounding behavior of small mm-sized solid balls by employing magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) with microstructured surfaces. An MAE is a composite material consisting of μm-sized ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a soft elastomer (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) matrix. In the act of rebounding, the ball hits an MAE surface and bounces back. The MAE samples contained 75 wt.% of iron. This composite material is known to respond to an applied magnetic field with increased stiffness (due to the magnetorheological effect) and plasticity. To adjust the rebound properties, the top layer of the MAE material was additionally modified by micromachining lamellar structures with different dimensions on the 100 μm scale via laser ablation. Due to the resulting high aspect ratio, these surface structures were sensitive to the magnetic field direction. The lamellas could stand up straight or lay down flat. The rebound behavior was evaluated by using a custom build apparatus that facilitates dropping of the balls in a precise and repeatable manner. A ball was dropped from different heights. The ball trajectory was captured with a high-speed camera to investigate the rebound properties. The recorded video was processed using a custom software written in Python. The experimental procedure and data processing algorithms are presented in detail. The results for the samples with different geometrical dimensions are provided as examples. It is made evident that the magnetic field influences the rebound properties of small non-magnetic balls impinging microstructured MAE surfaces. The change in surface topography is an effective way to control the ball rebound. The fabrication flexibility in geometrical dimensions of surface microstructures opens a convenient way to tune the desired response to magnetic fields. The presented idea may find applications in impact mitigation or small-scale sorting machinery, e.g. for recycling.
Variable-Stiffness Power Take-Off System for Broadband Ocean Wave Energy Point Absorbers
Authors: Mabe Olivia , McGuire Carson , Mazzoleni Nicholas , Bryant Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research presents a biologically-inspired method for harvesting energy from ocean waves using a variable-stiffness power take-off mechanism with a point absorber. A key limitation in current approaches to wave energy converter (WEC) design is that most WECs can only be tuned to perform optimally at one chosen period. In practice, ocean wave conditions are continually changing, causing the WECs to perform suboptimally throughout much of their operating time. As a result, WEC designs with variable, controllable resonant periods should be considered. The power take-off mechanism explored in this work is a fiber-reinforced elastic hose that acts as a pump: when stretched axially, the internal volume of the pump decreases, jetting fluid out, and when allowed to contract, the internal volume increases, drawing fluid back into the pump. This pumping action spins a turbine which drives a generator to produce electricity. The design of the pump itself draws inspiration from the helical arrangement of collagen fibers in the mantles of squids, which allows squids to be one of the fastest aquatic invertebrates when jetting. This type of elastic fiber-reinforced pump has a pressure-dependent variable stiffness property that, within this WEC system, can be controlled by a variable gearing device between the turbine and generator. The ability to control the pump stiffness opens the opportunity to adapt the WEC natural frequency to match the frequency of the instantaneous driving waves, allowing the WEC to operate optimally at a broader range of wave states. This research investigates the effects of controlled variable stiffness on the dynamics and performance of this pumping wave energy point absorber by developing dynamic system modeling and fluid flow modeling, as well as experimentally validating these models and demonstrating controllable variable stiffness on a lab-scale pump prototype.
MR Damper for Artificial Knee Joint: Concept Design and Performance Assessment
Authors: Seid Solomon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the most common types of amputation in the world is transfemoral amputation. A transfemoral amputation necessitates the use of a prosthesis, or artificial limb, to stand and walk. Any prosthesis utilized must be capable of restoring the lost muscles’ functionality and achieving a human gait that is close to normal. Human gait is defined by periodic repeats of two phases: stance, in which a foot makes contact with the ground, and swing, in which the lower limb swings through after toe-off. As a result, above-knee prostheses must provide knee stability during the stance phase and damping during the swing phase to fulfill their functional requirements. As a result, the artificial knee is an important component of above-knee prostheses, and arguably, the most complex of all prostheses. Many transfemoral amputees in low-income nations were unable to obtain a much-needed prosthesis. As a result, in recent years, cheap semi-active artificial knees have been developed. Because the swing portion of the gait cycle is more unstable than the stance phase, those designs couldn’t fully match a healthy human’s swing phase. The design of a magnetorheological (MR) damper is based on the swing-phase trajectory of an above-knee prosthesis where damping affecting is predominant in this study. A swing phase model of the intended single axis knee with MR damper is created first. The dynamic properties of the damper are represented using a parametric model. According to testing data, the damper settings that determine damping force of the damper are found and tuned to allow the artificial knee to create a near-normal swing phase trajectory for level-ground walking. The design of an MR damper valve that is physically confined in a desired cylindrical volume is designed based on the ideal damper parameters, and its performance is tested for the intended application. The damper’s ideal construction is also proposed. The results reveal that the developed MR damper outperforms off-the-shelf MR dampers for the application, with a weight reduction of up to 70.4 percent.
Long-Term Reliability of Shape Memory Wires: Analysis of the Influence of Different Activation Profiles on the Degradation Behavior and Lifetime
Authors: Heß Philipp , Schmelter Tobias , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Bracke Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Shape memory alloys offer a good opportunity to replace conventional actuators, as they have a high working capacity with low space requirements and weight, a low number of (moving) components, and work quietly. However, their commercial use is not yet so widespread because the fatigue and degradation behavior of shape memory alloys is highly complex, depends on many influencing factors, and has not yet been fully investigated. This paper presents and analyzes a comprehensive series of experiments (based on a statistical design of experiments) to determine the influences of different electrical activation durations on lifetime and functional properties. In all tests, the same amount of electrical energy is applied to the shape memory elements (by a rectangular profile), but within different activation durations. The focus of the subsequent data evaluation is on the influence of the different energy input on the activation behavior (achieved elongation, activation speed etc.) and on the lifetime. As a result, high energization in a short duration overheats the shape memory elements (rapid failure), long energization with lower current intensity results in a longer lifetime with a lower elongation, as higher losses (e.g. due to convection) occur. Differences and correlations between the individual tests (the measurement data) are analyzed using statistical methods (significance test, distribution models etc.). In this way, this article contributes to increasing the long-term reliability and quality of shape memory actuators and to the analysis of long-term degradation behavior.
Aerodynamics Experimental Results of a Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing With SMA Micro-Wire Muscles and Resonant Compliant Joints
Authors: Bevilacqua Domenico , Rizzello Gianluca , Seelecke Stefan , Gorges Tom , Nalbach Sophie , Motzki Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study introduces the aerodynamic forces measurements of a novel bio-inspired drone design, drawing inspiration from bat flight dynamics while using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) micro-wires as artificial muscles. Unlike conventional drones powered by motors coupled with gears, this bio-mimetic drone relies on an agonist-antagonist muscle-like system of SMA wires activated by an electrical signal, imitating the animal wing structure. The presented research focuses on lift measurements derived from a flapping wing operating at different frequencies. The combination of SMA micro-wire agonist-antagonist configuration, low-density membrane, and optimized compliant joint led to achieving aerodynamic force production. The results obtained demonstrate a lift force up to 8 grams, first aerodynamic result produced exclusively by SMA micro-wire bundle actuators, which weigh less than a gram. The resonance of the joint unlocked the flapping movement at 8 Hz, with a joint angle span of about 60 degrees, using only a bundle of 4 SMA wires of 50μm diameter. This led also to reduced energy consumption, with 20% duty-cycle pulses of approx. 3 Watts as input power.
The experimental data achieved demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of using SMA micro-wires in bio-inspired micro aerial designs, also showing innovative approaches to address the challenges given by using this material as robotic actuators. The presented first aerodynamics experimental results, obtained with no advanced optimization yet to implement, confirm the potential of this design to offer a new and effective route for bio-inspired aerial robotics, considering the implementation of muscle-like smart materials in combination with smart yet simple mechanical solutions.
Tuning Tensegrity: Simplified Construction and Cable Tension Interactions
Authors: Denning Harrison , Bullinger Ammon , Hill Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tensegrity structures are comprised of compressive members held in static equilibrium with cables in tension. These structures have been modeled and studied extensively for its use in architectural, impact, robotic, and bio-inspired mechanisms. This has necessitated new methods of precisely constructing tensegrity structures and abilities to determine the prestressed state of said structures. This is made clear a gap in knowledge about how to measure individual cable tensions and understand the affect each has on every other cable in the system. This paper seeks to establish generalizable principles of tensegrity construction and pairs it with a novel application of the relationship between cable frequency and cable tension. Principles of tunable tensegrity are applied to a 6-bar, 24 string icosahedral tensegrity model and establish an easily scalable method of construction. Individual cable frequencies are measured using conventional hardware and free software which is then used to accurately estimate the tension. Finally an investigation is made into the relationships between cable tensions and the response of cable frequencies when one cable’s tension is manipulated.
Application of Embedded FBG Sensors for Monitoring the Structural Stability of Residential Timber Buildings Under Hurricane
Authors: Zabihollah Abolghassem , Hajyalikhani Poorya , Ghorshi Seyed , Vuddandam Rajesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present work investigates the application of Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) systems as embedded strain and temperature sensors in residential timber buildings. Due to their corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference immunity, and high sensitivity, (FBG) sensors have been used as embedded temperature and strain sensors for real-time monitoring the structural healthy in aerospace, automotive, and civil infra structures. A proof-of-the concept experimental setup validates the system’s performance and functionality. A scaled-down timber building has been built and placed in a wind tunnel to estimate the structural performance and stability of the building under wind load. The attached FBG sensors measure the change in strain and wavelength of FBGs. At the second phase, the reported strain will be used to estimate the load-carrying capacity of the building. Using Internet of Things (IoT) algorithms, a mobile application can be developed that provides a collecting, storing, processing, and reporting platform for the structural health monitoring system. The assessment results are used to generate condition-based maintenance, safety, and stability reports as well as issuing real-time failure and damage warnings, enhancing the overall resilience of the residual buildings. The present work focuses on the first phase of the proposed structural health monitoring system for residential buildings.
Optimizing Tensegrity Structures for Variable Shock Environments
Authors: Layer Brett , Denning Harrison , Hill Jeffery R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Determining the sizing of a protection system for a given shock environment is challenging. The sizing depends on several key factors, such as the mass of the payload, the maximum acceleration the payload can experience, the velocity of the system, and the mass of the actual system. This paper explores a method to determine the size of an icosahedral tensegrity system designed to protect a payload using a surrogate model of that system. The surrogate system is then tested iteratively using a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal system parameters. The surrogate model was validated to ensure that assumptions used to construct that model preserve the desired characteristics of the physical system. Once validated, a physical prototype was built to test an optimal condition solution that was calculated and was tested to ensure that the payload remained within the design constraints.