bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological behavior prediction of friction materials for ultrasonic motors using Monte Carlo‐based artificial neural network
Authors: Li Song , Shao Mingchao , Duan Chunjian , Yan Yingnan , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Zhang Xinrui 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, the relationship of complexity, diversity, and uncertainty between components and tribological properties of friction materials based on a Monte Carlo‐based artificial neural network (MC‐ANN) model was predicted precisely. Meanwhile, the grey relational analysis was applied to figure out weight of factors, optimize formulation design, and calculate nonlinear dependency of ingredients. The accuracy of model was studied by comparing experimental and simulated values on the basis of statistical methods (root‐mean‐squared error). It was found that the model exhibited an excellent performance in predicting and fitting effect. Moreover, comprehensive analysis of weight indicated that nano‐SiO2and mica exerted a significant role in improving the friction stability and wear resistance. According to different contents of each ingredient, the corresponding friction coefficient and specific wear rate could be obtained by virtue of a well‐trained MC‐ANN model without experiments, which saved a lot of time and money. It can be expected that the results of this work will extend the current research and pave a route for further in‐depth studies of friction materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47157.
Do Bony Orbit Dimensions Predict Diel Activity Pattern in Sciurid Rodents?
Authors: Smith Stephanie M. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Schmitz Lars , Wang Steve C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDiel activity pattern (DAP) is a key aspect of an animal's ecology, but it is difficult to infer when behavior cannot be directly observed, as in the fossil record. Various anatomical correlates have therefore been used to attempt to classify DAP. Eyeball dimensions are good predictors of DAP because they relate directly to light sensitivity of the eye. Osteological characters, such as scleral ring dimensions, are also reliable proxies, but bony orbit dimensions alone have proven less reliable because soft tissues other than the eyeball can affect orbit size and shape. However, it would be useful if bony orbit dimensions could be used to determine DAP, particularly for mammals, which have no scleral ring, and nonmammalian synapsids, which infrequently preserve scleral rings. We investigated the possibility of predicting DAP in sciurids (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) using orbit measurements and other cranial dimensions, and a variety of quantitative methods, including phylogenetic flexible discriminant analysis, classification trees, and logistic regression. The latter two methods do not require a priori assignment of DAP and therefore reflect the situation in a fossil data set. We find that although there are some interfering phylogenetic factors, nocturnal and non‐nocturnal sciurids can be differentiated from one another with over 80% accuracy using all methods investigated here; attempts to differentiate crepuscular animals from nocturnal and diurnal species proved much less successful. Our results indicate that these analyses offer several viable options for predicting DAP in the fossil record, but such analyses should be conducted in a phylogenetic context whenever possible. Anat Rec, 301:1774–1787, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Leaping Frequency on Secondary Bone in Cercopithecid Primates
Authors: Lad Susan E. , Pampush James D. , Mcgraw W. Scott , Daegling David J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBone remodeling is at least partially mediated by the mechanical environment created by an animal's behavior. Here, we test the hypothesis that bone remodeling is primarily induced by high magnitude loads, likely encountered during leaping/bounding behaviors. Osteon population density (OPD), osteon cross‐sectional area (On.Ar), and relative osteonal area (%HAV) were measured from femoral and humeral midshaft thin sections of four cercopithecids (N = 5 per species) from Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire:Colobus polykomos,Piliocolobus badius,Cercopithecus diana, andCercocebus atys. All species are generalized quadrupeds but vary in leaping frequency and overall activity budget. Differences between taxa with high (C. polykomosandP. badius) and low leaping frequency (C. dianaandC. atys) were assessed via a phylogenetically informed generalized linear mixed model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Femoral OPD and %HAV are greater in the high frequency leapers than in low frequency leapers, suggesting that frequent high magnitude loads engender remodeling, however, there is no similar pattern in the humerus, which presumably also experiences high magnitude loads during leaping. Additionally, OPD and %HAV are greater in the humerus than the femur, despite load magnitude being presumably higher in the femur. These results provide conflicting support for hypotheses about load magnitude and load frequency as they relate to bone remodeling activity. Future work is proposed to parse out the respective effects of load magnitude and frequency on bone remodeling. Anat Rec, 302:1116–1126, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TET2‐Mediated Spatiotemporal Changes of 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine During Organogenesis in the Late Mouse Fetus
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Xie Fangfang , Jin Junfeng , Wu Yuqiong , Luo Ziwei , Zhang Fengxue , Zhang Saixia , Chen Dongfeng , Liu Aijun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTGenomic DNA demethylation is important for mammalian embryonic development and organ function. 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is considered a novel epigenetic marker. Ten‐eleven translocation (TET) enzymes convert 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC. To explore the dynamic changes of epigenetic modifications during organogenesis in the late mouse fetus, the regional distribution and histological localization of 5hmC and TET enzymes was investigated by immunohistochemical method. The liver of mouse fetus gradually matured from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to E18.5.5mC was positive in developing liver at E16.5 and E18.5. 5hmC, TET2 and TET3 were strongly positive in hepatocytes and oval cells at E18.5. The small intestinal villi were formed at E16.5. The striate border and goblet cells appeared at E18.5. 5mC was detectable from E12.5 to E18.5. 5hmC and TET2 were positive in small intestine at E12.5, E14.5, and E18.5. The alveolar was formed at E18.5. 5mC and 5hmC were detectable from E12.5 to E18.5. Only TET2 was positive in the lung of the late Kunming mouse fetus. For vertebra, mesenchymal cells formed hyaline cartilage at E15.5 and then ossify at E16.5 and E18.8. 5mC, 5hmC, and TET2 were detectable in chondrocytes and osteocytes during the late Kunming mouse fetal; TET1 expressed from E14.5 to E16.5 and TET3 expressed in bone matrix at E18.5. In summary, TET2 was strongly expressed in liver, small intestinal, lung, and vertebra in the late Kunming mouse fetus. These findings suggested that TET2 may play a more critical role than TET1 and TET3 during organogenesis in the late stage of Kunming mouse embryo. Anat Rec, 302:954–963, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Areas of Cartilaginous and Osseous Metaplasia After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: Manole Catalin Gabriel , Marinescu Bogdan Gabriel , Marta Daciana , Nicolescu Mihnea Ioan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe presence of hyaline cartilage has been previously documented in heart tissue of different vertebrates, ranging from birds to superior mammals. However, there is scarce published data regarding the appearance of focal deposits of hyaline‐like cartilage within the hearts of laboratory rats. Few mechanisms that could trigger the appearance of this type of cartilage in heart were hypothesized (e.g., mechanical stress, ageing). Using different microscopy techniques this report confirms the presence of hyaline cartilage and bone in Wistar rats, which underwent left anterior coronary artery ligation for experimental myocardial infarction. The presented (ultra)structural evidence of focal chondroid metaplasia in the papillary muscles and close to the insertion point in the ventricular mass of the infarcted heart suggests a structural adaptation of cardiac myocardium to the newly acquired kinetics of left ventricular wall, after experimental myocardial infarction. Specific cartilaginous matrix proteins are known to mediate cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling, and this study provides evidence of a complete transition to a cartilaginous pattern in postinfarcted heart, which may nonetheless constitute a supplemental risk factor of a further heart failure condition. Moreover, for heart focal chondrogenesis, we also presume the involvement of the cellular and molecular inflammatory milieu that dominates the first 24 hr border zone landscape of the experimental myocardial infarction lesion. Anat Rec, 302:947–953, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remarkable Enhancement in Boron Uptake Within Glioblastoma Cells With Carboranyl–Indole Carboxamides
Authors: Narlawar Rajeshwar , Austin Christopher J. D. , Kahlert Jan , Selleri Silvia , Da Pozzo Eleonora , Martini Claudia , Werry Eryn L. , Rendina Louis M. , Kassiou Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNovel boron‐rich, carboranyl–indole carboxamide ligands were prepared and found to effectively target the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), an upregulated mitochondrial membrane‐bound protein which has been observed in variety of tumor cell lines and its expression appears to be proportional to the degree of tumorigenicity, emphasizing a key role in cancer cell proliferation. Both boronated compounds displayed remarkably high affinities for the TSPO. In addition, the in vitro uptake of these compounds into T98G human glioma cells was found to be 25‐ to 100‐fold greater than that of clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents.
State Estimation For An Agonistic‐Antagonistic Muscle System
Authors: Nguyen Thang Tien , Warner Holly , La Hung , Mohammadi Hanieh , Simon Dan , Richter Hanz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch on assistive technology, rehabilitation, and prosthetics requires the understanding of human machine interaction, in which human muscular properties play a pivotal role. This paper studies a nonlinear agonistic‐antagonistic muscle system based on the Hill muscle model. To investigate the characteristics of the muscle model, the problem of estimating the state variables and activation signals of the dual muscle system is considered. In this work, parameter uncertainty and unknown inputs are taken into account for the estimation problem. Three observers are presented: a high gain observer, a sliding mode observer, and an adaptive sliding mode observer. Theoretical analysis shows the convergence of the three observers. Numerical simulations reveal that the three observers are comparable and provide reliable estimates.
Conceptual design of a dedicated‐crop biorefinery for Jatropha curcas using a systematic sustainability evaluation
Authors: Navarro‐Pineda Freddy S. , Handler Robert , Sacramento Rivero Julio C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe sustainability of two scenarios for the exploitation of Jatropha curcas biomass was assessed using a suitable sustainability framework. The first scenario, or base case (BC), was set up as a traditional biodiesel process with crude glycerin as the only co‐product. The second scenario was a biorefinery plant (BR) that builds on the BC by including thermochemical transformations of lignocellulosic biomass into bio‐oil, bio‐char, and heat and power for internal consumption. The process lifecycle was divided in two stages: cultivation and transformation. The BC scenario was only sustainable in the Renewability category. Expanding the system to a biorefinery (BR scenario) improved performance on all other indicators. The biorefinery was also sustainable in the Economics, Community development, and Mitigation categories. None of the scenarios was sustainable in the fossils‐based products Displacement category. The main areas for improvement were the use of water for irrigation, and the high inputs of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides). Seed yield is a critical variable that affects most sustainability indicators. The capital investment would be recovered after year 10 in the current economic context. The cultivation stage is largely responsible for the impacts of both cases as it contributes the most to the production costs (62–77%), environmental impacts, non‐renewable energy consumption (66–68%), and freshwater consumption (97–98%). Hence, even though diversifying the products portfolio improves the values of all sustainability indicators, it is clear that optimizing the agronomic stage is crucial for attaining the sustainability of the overall system. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Addition of high load of lysophosphatidic acid to standard and high‐fat chows causes no significant changes of its circulating and peripheral tissue levels but affects body weight and visceral fat mass of mice
Authors: Inoue Manami , Okamoto Yoko , Atsumi Yuta , Shiojiri Masatoshi , Hidaka Mayumi , Tanaka Tamotsu , Tsutsumi Toshihiko , Shirasaka Naoki , Tokumura Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOral administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a critical intercellular lipid mediator, exerts wound healing and antiulcer effects on gastrointestinal system. To evaluate effects of food‐derived LPA on body homeostasis, we measured LPA levels by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in chows, feces, plasma, liver, and visceral fat of mice fed a normal or high‐fat chow supplemented with or without LPA‐rich soybean phospholipids for 30 days. Reductions in daily body weight gains and visceral fat mass were mainly related to lower chow intake by mice fed the LPA‐rich high‐fat chow, whereas reduced body weight gains and fat mass were mainly related to decreased intestinal triacylglycerol absorption in mice fed LPA‐rich chow. Our results showed no significant increase in plasma, liver, or adipose LPA levels, even if a quite high LPA concentration (2.0%) in chows was ingested daily, suggesting limited effects of food‐derived LPA on the lumen side of the digestive tract. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):548–557, 2018
Amino acid modifications for conformationally constraining naturally occurring and engineered peptide backbones: Insights from the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Di Costanzo Luigi , Dutta Shuchismita , Burley Stephen K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExtensive efforts invested in understanding the rules of protein folding are now being applied, with good effect, in de novo design of proteins/peptides. For proteins containing standard α‐amino acids alone, knowledge derived from experimentally determined three‐dimensional (3D) structures of proteins and biologically active peptides are available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). These help predict and design protein structures, with reasonable confidence. However, our knowledge of 3D structures of biomolecules containing backbone modified amino acids is still evolving. A major challenge in de novo protein/peptide design concerns the engineering of conformationally constrained molecules with specific structural elements and chemical groups appropriately positioned for biological activity. This review explores four classes of amino acid modifications that constrain protein/peptide backbone structure. Systematic analysis of peptidic molecule structures (eg, bioactive peptides, inhibitors, antibiotics, and designed molecules), containing these backbone‐modified amino acids, found in the PDB and CSD are discussed. The review aims to provide structure–function insights that will guide future design of proteins/peptides.
An inquiry‐based exercise in medicinal chemistry: Synthesis of a molecular library and screening for potential antimalarial and anti‐inflammatory compounds
Authors: Hall David J. , Martin Charles G. , Welford Michael , Debbert Stefan L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of new medicines holds particular fascination for chemistry, biochemistry, and biology students interested in a career in medicine or the life sciences. The identification and refinement of lead compounds to treat diseases requires researchers to be facile in a number of different disciplines including organic synthesis, biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology. We have developed an interdisciplinary, inquiry‐based laboratory spanning both organic chemistry and biochemistry classes that acquaints students with research in medicinal chemistry. The first part of the exercise takes place in the second semester of organic chemistry, where pairs of students design and execute their own multistep synthesis of a novel compound with anti‐inflammatory and/or antimalarial potential. Later, in first semester biochemistry, many of the same students then test these synthesized compounds for cytotoxicity, inhibition of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, and inhibition of the transcription factor NF‐kB. Learning outcomes, measured by the Classroom Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) survey, suggest that students participating in both classes had higher gains than an average student. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):424–434, 2018.
Student difficulties during structure–function problem solving
Authors: Halmo Stephanie M. , Sensibaugh Cheryl A. , Bhatia Kush S. , Howell Alexandra , Ferryanto Ersta P. , Choe Bryant , Kehoe Kaitlin , Watson Morgan , Lemons Paula P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProtein structure–function is a key concept in biochemistry. We used the perspective of domain‐specific problem‐solving to investigate students’ solutions to a well‐defined protein structure–function problem. We conducted think‐aloud interviews with 13 undergraduate students and performed qualitative content analysis to examine the differences in the domain‐general and domain‐specific knowledge among correct and incorrect solutions. Our work revealed that students used domain‐general and domain‐specific knowledge in their problem solving. We also identified difficulties for students with the amino acid backbone, amino acid categorization, and causal mechanisms of noncovalent interactions. Using the identified difficulties, we make recommendations for the design of instructional materials targeted to improve protein structure–function problem solving in the biochemistry classroom. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):453–463, 2018.
Assessing stakeholder perceptions of the american society for biochemistry and molecular biology accreditation program for baccalaureate degrees
Authors: Dean Diane M. , Martin Debra , Carastro L. Michael , Kennelly Peter J. , Provost Joseph J. , Tansey John T. , Wolfson Adele J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) began an accreditation program in 2013. The criteria for accreditation of undergraduate programs include sufficient infrastructure ‐ number and expertise of faculty, physical space and equipment, support for faculty and students ‐ and incorporation of core concepts in the curriculum ‐ structure and function of biomolecules; information storage; energy transfer; and quantitative skills. Students in accredited programs are able to have their degrees ASBMB certified by taking an exam focused on knowledge or skills across the four core concept areas. Members of the accreditation committees administered a survey to key stakeholders in the BMB community: undergraduate programs, both those that have applied for accreditation and those that have not; alumni/ae of accredited programs; graduate and professional programs; and employers. The goals of the study were to gauge the success of the program and determine necessary areas of improvement. The results indicate that the major benefits of applying for accreditation are the impetus to gather data and analysis not generally collected, and access to assessment data via the exam. However, stakeholders outside of the undergraduate community showed little awareness of the accreditation program. Additionally, the application process itself was seen to be very time consuming. This feedback will be used to improve the process and engage in further outreach. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):464–471, 2018.
Developing a three‐dimensional animation for deeper molecular understanding of michaelis–menten enzyme kinetics
Authors: Florjanczyk Ursula , Ng Derek P. , Andreopoulos Stavroula , Jenkinson Jodie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mathematical models that describe enzyme kinetics are invaluable predictive tools in numerous scientific fields. However, the daunting mathematical language used to describe kinetic behavior can be confusing for life science students; they often struggle to conceptualize and relate the mathematical representations to the molecular phenomena occurring at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Students with less developed abstract and mathematical thinking skills may benefit from a visual learning approach. The paucity of visual resources for enzyme kinetics makes this a fertile field for developing novel learning media. We discuss developing a three‐dimensional animation aimed at introducing key concepts of Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics to undergraduate life science students. This animation uses both realistic and metaphoric depictions of the underlying molecular players, environments, and interactions in enzyme kinetics to contextualize and explain the relationship between the mathematical models and underlying molecular systems. The animation can be viewed at bit.ly/michaelis‐menten. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):561–565, 2018.
Design and implementation of structural bioinformatics projects for biological sciences undergraduate students
Authors: Oke Muse , Agbalajobi Ramon , Osifeso Mowaninuwuraola , Muhammad Babagana , Lawal Halimat , Mai Muhammad , Adegunle Quadri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContemporary biology is currently undergoing a revolution, driven by the availability of high‐throughput technologies and a wide variety of bioinformatics tools. However, bioinformatics education and practice is still in its infancy in most of the African continent. Consequently, concerted efforts have been made in recent years to incorporate bioinformatics modules into biological sciences curriculum of African Universities. Despite this, one aspect of bioinformatics that is yet to be incorporated is structural bioinformatics. In this article, we report on a structural bioinformatics project carried out by final year project students in a Nigerian university. The target protein was the thermoacidophilic Sulfolobus islandicus rod‐shaped virus 1 (SIRV1) Rep protein, which was further characterized using various free, user‐friendly and online sequence‐based and structure‐based bioinformatics tools. This exercise gave students the opportunity to generate new data, interpret the data, and acquire collaborative research skills. In this report, emphasis is placed on analysis of the data generated to further encourage analytical skills. By sharing this experience, it is anticipated that other similar institutions would adopt parallel strategies to expose undergraduate students to structural biology, and increase awareness of freely available bioinformatics tools for tackling pertinent biological questions. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):547–554, 2018.