bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archiving the Digital RAI Collection of Traditional Folk Culture
Authors: Pacetti Ettore , Floris Daniela 
Published: May 2019

For twenty years, RAI Teche, the RAI structure of Italian Broadcast that includes all the RAI archives, has been committed to bringing to the attention of an ever-wider public the most representative components of the historical, social, and cultural evolution of our country in its collections.
The activity of recovering and enhancing RAI's audiovisual heritage is taking a fundamental step with the launch of a recovery project devoted specifically to Italian folklore. It is intended to highlight a significant documentary complex of research activity that marks a new era for the study of Italian folk traditions and thus becomes a compulsory passage for any possibility to understand the phenomenon.
From this first step was born the need to create a publication space—a website: http://www.teche.rai.it/archivio-del-folclore-italiano/—that would be a specific reference to a fundamental aspect of Italian cultural identity, and an effective tool for sharing and exchanging funds and resources with other audiovisual archives.
WASP-4b Arrived Early for the TESS Mission
Authors: Bouma L. G. , Winn J. N. , Baxter C. , Bhatti W. , Dai F. , Daylan T. , Désert J.-M. , Hill M. L. , Kane S. R. , Stassun K. G. , Villasenor J. , Ricker G. R. , Vanderspek R. , Latham D. W. , Seager S. , Jenkins J. M. , Berta-Thompson Z. , Colón K. , Fausnaugh M. , Glidden Ana , Guerrero N. , Rodriguez J. E. , Twicken J. D. , Wohler B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) recently observed 18 transits of the hot Jupiter WASP-4b. The sequence of transits occurred 81.6 ± 11.7 s earlier than had been predicted, based on data stretching back to 2007. This is unlikely to be the result of a clock error, because TESS observations of other hot Jupiters (WASP-6b, 18b, and 46b) are compatible with a constant period, ruling out an 81.6 s offset at the 6.4σ level. The 1.3 day orbital period of WASP-4b appears to be decreasing at a rate of

ms per year. The apparent period change might be caused by tidal orbital decay or apsidal precession, although both interpretations have shortcomings. The gravitational influence of a third body is another possibility, though at present there is minimal evidence for such a body. Further observations are needed to confirm and understand the timing variation.
Calculation of the Uncertainties in the Planetary Precessions with the Recent EPM2017 Ephemerides and their Use in Fundamental Physics and Beyond
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
I tentatively compile the formal uncertainties in the secular rates of change of the orbital elements a, e, I, Ω, and ϖ of the planets of the solar system from the recently released formal errors in a and the nonsingular elements h, k, p, and q estimated for the same bodies with the EPM2017 ephemerides by E. V. Pitjeva and N. P. Pitjev. The highest accuracies occur for the inner planets and Saturn in view of the extensive use of radiotechnical data collected over the last decades. For the inclination I, node Ω and perihelion ϖ of Mercury and Mars, I obtain accuracies

, while for Saturn they are

. As far as the semimajor axis a is concerned, its rates for the inner planets are accurate to the

level, while for Saturn I obtain

. In terms of the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameters β and γ, a formal error as little as

for the Hermean apsidal rate corresponds to a ≃2 × 10−7 bias in the combination

parameterizing the Schwarzschild-type periehlion precession of Mercury. The realistic uncertainties of the planetary precessions may be up to one order of magnitude larger. I discuss their potential multiple uses in fundamental physics, astronomy, and planetology.
Carbon Detonation Initiation in Turbulent Electron-degenerate Matter
Authors: Fisher Robert , Mozumdar Pritom , Casabona Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
SNe Ia play a critical role in astrophysics, yet their origin remains mysterious. A crucial physical mechanism in any SN Ia model is the initiation of the detonation front that ultimately unbinds the white dwarf progenitor and leads to the SN Ia. We demonstrate, for the first time, how a carbon detonation may arise in a realistic three-dimensional turbulent electron-degenerate flow, in a new mechanism we refer to as turbulently driven detonation. Using both analytic estimates and three-dimensional numerical simulations, we show that strong turbulence in the distributed burning regime gives rise to intermittent turbulent dissipation that locally enhances the nuclear burning rate by orders of magnitude above the mean. This turbulent enhancement to the nuclear burning rate leads in turn to supersonic burning and a detonation front. As a result, turbulence plays a key role in preconditioning the carbon–oxygen fuel for a detonation. The turbulently driven detonation initiation mechanism leads to a wider range of conditions for the onset of carbon detonation than previously thought possible, with important ramifications for SNe Ia models.
The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mass Fraction on a 10 pc Scale in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Sandstrom Karin , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Leroy Adam K. , Utomo Dyas , Bot Caroline , Gordon Karl D. , Draine Bruce T. , Fukui Yasuo , Onishi Toshikazu , Tsuge Kisetsu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present maps of the dust properties in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC, LMC) from fitting Spitzer and Herschel observations with the Draine & Li dust model. We derive the abundance of the small carbonaceous grain (or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH) component. The global PAH fraction (

, the fraction of the dust mass in the form of PAHs) is smaller in the SMC (

%) than in the LMC (

%). We measure the PAH fraction in different gas phases (H ii regions, ionized gas outside of H ii regions, molecular gas, and diffuse neutral gas). H ii regions appear as distinctive holes in the spatial distribution of the PAH fraction. In both galaxies, the PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium is higher than in the ionized gas, but similar to the molecular gas. Even at equal radiation field intensity, the PAH fraction is lower in the ionized gas than in the diffuse neutral gas. We investigate the PAH life-cycle as a function of metallicity between the two galaxies. The PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium of the LMC is similar to that of the Milky Way (∼4.6%), while it is significantly lower in the SMC. Plausible explanations for the higher PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium of the LMC compared to the SMC include: more effective PAH production by fragmentation of large grains at higher metallicity, and/or the growth of PAHs in molecular gas.
The Transiting Multi-planet System HD15337: Two Nearly Equal-mass Planets Straddling the Radius Gap
Authors: Gandolfi Davide , Fossati Luca , Livingston John H. , Stassun Keivan G. , Grziwa Sascha , Barragán Oscar , Fridlund Malcolm , Kubyshkina Daria , Persson Carina M. , Dai Fei , Lam Kristine W. F. , Albrecht Simon , Batalha Natalie , Beck Paul G. , Justesen Anders Bo , Cabrera Juan , Cartwright Scott , Cochran William D. , Csizmadia Szilard , Davies Misty D. , Deeg Hans J. , Eigmüller Philipp , Endl Michael , Erikson Anders , Esposito Massimiliano , García Rafael A. , Goeke Robert , González-Cuesta Lucía , Guenther Eike W. , Hatzes Artie P. , Hidalgo Diego , Hirano Teruyuki , Hjorth Maria , Kabath Petr , Knudstrup Emil , Korth Judith , Li Jie , Luque Rafael , Mathur Savita , Rodríguez Pilar Montañes , Narita Norio , Nespral David , Niraula Prajwal , Nowak Grzegorz , Palle Enric , Pätzold Martin , Prieto-Arranz Jorge , Rauer Heike , Redfield Seth , Ribas Ignasi , Skarka Marek , Smith Alexis M. S. , Rowden Pamela , Torres Guillermo , Van Eylen Vincent , Vezie Michael L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting the star HD 15337 (TOI-402, TIC 120896927), a bright (V = 9) K1 dwarf observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in Sectors 3 and 4. We combine the TESS photometry with archival High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher spectra to confirm the planetary nature of the transit signals and derive the masses of the two transiting planets. With an orbital period of 4.8 days, a mass of

and a radius of 1.64 ± 0.06 R
⊕, HD 15337 b joins the growing group of short-period super-Earths known to have a rocky terrestrial composition. The sub-Neptune HD 15337 c has an orbital period of 17.2 days, a mass of

, and a radius of 2.39 ± 0.12 R
⊕, suggesting that the planet might be surrounded by a thick atmospheric envelope. The two planets have similar masses and lie on opposite sides of the radius gap, and are thus an excellent testbed for planet formation and evolution theories. Assuming that HD 15337 c hosts a hydrogen-dominated envelope, we employ a recently developed planet atmospheric evolution algorithm in a Bayesian framework to estimate the history of the high-energy (extreme ultraviolet and X-ray) emission of the host star. We find that at an age of 150 Myr, the star possessed on average between 3.7 and 127 times the high-energy luminosity of the current Sun.
Resolving the Radio-loud/Radio-quiet Dichotomy without Thick Disks
Authors: Garofalo David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Observations of radio-loud active galaxies in the XMM-Newton archive by Mehdipour and Costantini show a strong anti-correlation between the column density of the ionized wind and the radio-loudness parameter, providing evidence that jets may thrive in thin disks. This is in contrast with decades of analytic and numerical work suggesting that jet formation is contingent on the presence of an inner, geometrically thick disk structure, which serves to both collimate and accelerate the jet. Thick disks emerge in radiatively inefficient disks that are associated with sub-Eddington as well as super-Eddington accretion regimes, yet we show that the inverse correlation between winds and jets survives where it should not; namely, in a luminosity regime normally attributed to radio-quiet active galaxies that are modeled with thin disks. This, along with other lines of evidence, argues against thick disks as the foundation behind the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy, opening up the possibility that jetted versus non-jetted black holes may be understood within the context of radiatively efficient thin disk accretion.
Episodically Active Asteroid 6478 Gault
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Luu Jane , Rajagopal Jayadev , Kotulla Ralf , Ridgway Susan , Liu Wilson 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present imaging and spectroscopic observations of 6478 Gault, a ∼6 km diameter inner main-belt asteroid currently exhibiting strong, comet-like characteristics. Three distinct tails indicate that ultra-slow dust (ejection speed 0.15 ± 0.05 m s−1) was emitted from Gault in separate episodes beginning UT 2018 October 28 ± 5 (Tail A), UT 2018 December 31 ± 5 (Tail B), and UT 2019 February 10 ± 7 (Tail C), with durations of ΔT ∼ 10–20 days. With a mean particle radius

200 μm, the estimated masses of the tails are M

A
∼ 4 × 107 kg, M

B
∼ 6 × 106 kg, and M

C
∼ 6 × 105 kg, respectively, and the mass-loss rates from the nucleus are 20–40 kg s−1 for Tail A, 4–6 kg s−1 for Tail B, and ∼0.4 kg s−1 for Tail C. In its optical colors Gault is more similar to C-type asteroids than to S-types, even though the latter are numerically dominant in the inner asteroid belt. A spectroscopic upper limit to the production of gas is set at 1 kg s−1. Discrete emission in three protracted episodes effectively rules out an impact origin for the observed activity. Sublimation driven activity is unlikely given the inner-belt orbit and the absence of detectable gas. In any case, sublimation would not easily account for the observed multiple ejections. The closest similarity is between Gault and active asteroid 311P/(2013 P5), an object showing repeated but aperiodic ejections of dust over a 9 month period. While Gault is 10 times larger than 311P/(2013 P5), and the relevant timescale for spin-up by radiation torques is ∼100 times longer, its properties are likewise most consistent with episodic emission from a body rotating near breakup.
Biomechanics of LASIK Flap and SMILE Cap: A Prospective, Clinical Study
Authors: Khamar Pooja , Shetty Rohit , Vaishnav Ravish , Francis Mathew , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Sinha Roy Abhijit 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:
To analyze the acute effect of flap cut in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes and cap cut in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) eyes on corneal biomechanical properties of patients undergoing surgery.

METHODS:
This was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal case series. Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients underwent contralateral LASIK and SMILE. Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) measurements were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and 1 week and 1 month after surgery. In LASIK eyes, the flap was cut but not lifted before intraoperative measurements. In SMILE eyes, the cap and side cut incision were made before intraoperative measurement. Thirty biomechanical variables were analyzed, assuming multiple comparisons.

RESULTS:

In LASIK and SMILE eyes, 36.7% and 13.3% of the total number of variables detected biomechanical weakening after flap and cap cuts (
P
= .02), respectively. Further, 13.3% and 40% of the total variables detected no biomechanical changes after flap and cap cut, respectively (
P
= .03). These acute biomechanical effects of flap and cap cuts did not influence 1-week and 1-month measurements (
P
> .05) because both LASIK and SMILE eyes showed similar biomechanical weakening.

CONCLUSIONS:
Flap and cap cuts induced biomechanical weakening in patient corneas. The flap caused more weakening than the cap intraoperatively. However, biomechanical differences between LASIK and SMILE eyes were similar after removal of tissue and ongoing wound healing.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(5):324–332.]
Effect of Cyclotorsion Compensation With a Novel Technique in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery for the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Xu Jiping , Liu Fang , Liu Manli , Yang Xiaonan , Weng Shengbei , Lin Limian , Lin Haiqin , Xie Yi , Liu Quan 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:
To comparatively investigate the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery with or without cyclotorsion compensation for the correction of myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:
This prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included patients who underwent SMILE surgery with bilateral myopic astigmatism. Two eyes of a single patient were randomly divided into the static cyclotorsion compensation (SCC) group and the control group. In the SCC group, the intraoperative cyclotorsion was manually compensated with a novel technique. In the control group, the cyclotorsion was not compensated. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, aberrations, objective visual quality, and contrast sensitivity were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS:

A total of 132 eyes from 66 patients were analyzed at the 3-month follow-up. The mean preoperative cylinder values in the SCC and control groups were −1.52 ± 0.81 and −1.57 ± 0.82 diopters (D), respectively. The mean cyclotorsion during surgery was 0.60° ± 0.63° (range: 0° to 3.2°) in the SCC group and 3.21° ± 2.33° (range: 0.1° to 10.8°) in the control group (
P
< .001). Both groups showed favorable results in the correction of myopic astigmatism. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in visual and refractive outcomes, vector parameters, entire eye aberrations, objective visual quality, or contrast sensitivity. No significant benefit was gained from cyclotorsion compensation, even in the high astigmatism subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS:
The cyclotorsion compensation technique used in this study helped minimize the alignment error but was not compulsory because the ocular rotation in SMILE surgery using a well-controlled position was too small to affect the astigmatic outcomes or postoperative visual quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(5):301–308.]
Rapid Karst Development in an English Quartzitic Sandstone
Authors: Self Charles A. , Mullan Graham J. 
Published: May 2019

Na izdankih Fellskih peščenjakov v pokrajini Northumberland v Angliji, se pojavlja več kraških oblik, med njimi tudi jame. Kraške oblike so nastale v holocenu, saj je bilo območje v Devenzijski hladni dobi pokrito z ledenikom. Predvidevamo, da je nastanek teh oblik povezan z incepcijo tektonske dejavnosti in hitro arenizacijo (selektivnim preperevanjem vlažnih) kamnitih površin. V članku razpravljamo tudi o omejenosti splošno sprejetih definicij termina kras. Many karst features, including caves, have been found in the outcrop of the Fell Sandstone in Northumberland, England. These features are Holocene in age, since the area was glaciated during the Devensian cold stage. It is suggested that tectonic inception and selective arenisation of rock faces that remain damp are responsible for these karst features. The limitations of textbook definitions of the term karst are discussed.
The use of arnica for the treatment of soft-tissue damage
Authors: Bauer C. M. , Weight L. , Lambert M. I. 
Published: May 2019

There is growing anecdotal evidence of the use of homeopathy among sports participants. Arnica Montana [also known as Leopard ’s Bane] is frequently used as a prophylactic agent both before and after long distance running in the belief that it reduces delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]. There is equivocal evidence of its efficacy. The lack of convincing scientific proof is a major reason for homeopathy not being embraced by the medical community. The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of homeopathy in general, followed by a more detailed analysis of the use of arnica in the treatment of soft tissue trauma. Clinical trials published since 1982 were identified using the Medline database. Based on these data it was concluded that there is no overwhelming evidence that treatment with a homeopathic remedy, specifically Arnica Montana, consistently reduces the severity of, or the rate of, healing of soft tissue damage.
Magnetic dipolarizations inside geosynchronous orbit with tailward ion flows
Authors: Sun Xiaoying , Liu Weining William , Duan Suping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Electromagnetic field and plasma data from the Time History of Events and
Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) near-Earth probes are used
to investigate magnetic dipolarizations inside geosynchronous orbit on
27 August 2014 during an intense substorm with AEmax∼1000 nT. THEMIS-D (TH-D) was located inside geosynchronous orbit around
midnight in the interval from 09:25 to 09:55 UT. During this period, two
distinct magnetic dipolarizations with tailward ion flows are observed by
TH-D. The first one is indicated by the magnetic elevation angle increase from
15 to 25∘ around 09:30:40 UT. The tailward perpendicular velocity is
V⊥x∼-50 km s−1. The second one is presented by
the elevation angle increase from 25 to 45∘ around 09:36 UT, and the
tailward perpendicular velocity is V⊥x∼-70 km s−1. These two significant dipolarizations are accompanied
with the sharp increase in the energy flux of energetic electron inside
geosynchronous orbit. After a 5 min expansion
of the near-Earth plasma sheet (NEPS), THEMIS-E (TH-E) located outside geosynchronous orbit also detected this tailward expanding plasma sheet with ion flows of −150 km s−1. The dipolarization propagates tailward
with a speed of −47 km s−1 along a 2.2 RE distance in the
X direction between TH-D and TH-E within 5 min. These dipolarizations with tailward ion flows observed inside geosynchronous orbit indicate a new
energy transfer path in the inner magnetosphere during substorms.
Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, Lakouism, and the Vodou Ethic and the Spirit of Communism
Authors: Mocombe Paul C. 
Published: May 2019

The demystification of the Vodou religion or ontology as practiced in Haiti, epistemologically reveals a form of transcendental idealism and realism, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, which produces a hermeneutical phenomenology, materialism, and an antidialectical process to history enframed by a reciprocal justice as its normative ethics. This work posits and concludes, that Haitian ontology, Vodou/Vilokan, gave rise to its epistemology, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, which subsequently gave rise to the Vodou Ethic and the spirit of communism and the lakou system as its form of social and system integration, respectively.
O PROCESSO DE ENVELHECIMENTO E A ATRIBUIÇÃO DE SENTIDO À VIDA
Authors: Andrade-Boccato Taiane Do Nascimento , Franco Adriana De Fátima 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de atribuição de sentido à vida por idosos. O envelhecimento populacional já é uma realidade nos países mais desenvolvidos e tem provocado mudanças significativas a níveis econômico e social; segundo dados demográficos, no Brasil o mesmo fenômeno está ocorrendo. Com o aumento da população idosa emerge a necessidade de compreender o que é envelhecimento, não por uma perspectiva puramente biológica, sobretudo, a partir da vivência dos próprios idosos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo por meio de entrevistas com duas idosas. As análises de seus relatos foram realizadas a partir das contribuições teóricas da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural sobre desenvolvimento humano. Compreendeu-se que o sentido da vida na velhice é constituído pelas atividades, ou seja, por meio de suas vivencias. E, ainda, à medida em que o idoso se apropria dos conhecimentos há a possibilidade de transformação dos significados e sentidos. Sendo assim, para além de um fenômeno cronológico, a velhice aparece como uma síntese da vida vivida e um momento de possibilidades.
A zoo animal's neighbourhood: how conspecific neighbours impact welfare
Authors: Whitham JC , Miller LJ 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile the zoological community strives to provide the best possible living environment for non-human animals, space limitations constrain where zoos can house particular species. Therefore, an individual may live in proximity to animals that impact its behaviour, physiology, reproductive function or overall welfare status. This article examines how solitary and social species living in managed settings are positively and negatively affected by conspecific neighbours. When making housing decisions, zoos should follow husbandry recommendations outlined by zoo associations, integrate natural history information and attempt to view the environment from the perspective of the species of interest. Furthermore, researchers can collect survey, behavioural and physiological data to examine how variables, such as density, distance between neighbours, the age/sex of conspecifics and types/amount of exposure to others influence welfare. Ultimately, zoos should consider the needs of individuals and investigate whether welfare can be enhanced by modifying enclosures, husbandry routines, enrichment schedules or access to conspecifics. A zoo's willingness to alter an animal's exposure to conspecifics may have a substantial impact on physical, mental and emotional health.