bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative addition of 1,4‐dichloro‐2‐butyne to an organoplatinum complex: A new precursor for synthesis of ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles thin film at liquid/liquid interface as the electrocatalyst in methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Sadri Nazanin , Hoseini S. Jafar 
Published: July 2019

In this study, the usage of ClCH2CCCH2Cl alkyne as a reagent for the oxidative addition reaction with organoplatinum‌(II) complex [PtMe2(bipy)] (1), in which bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine to give a mixture including of trans‐[PtClMe2(CH2CCCH2Cl)(bipy)] (2a) and a cis‐[PtClMe2(CH2CCCH2Cl)(bipy)] (2b) complexes is reported. Kinetic study was investigated by monitoring the disappearance of the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the UV–Vis spectra. 1H NMR experimental results confirmed that trans isomer (2a) is more stable than its corresponding cis isomer. A liquid–liquid planar interface has been employed as a template for self‐assembly of platinum nanoparticles. The as prepared complex was applied for the synthesis of platinum thin film that characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDAX), field emission‐scanning electron micrographs (FE‐SEM) and elemental mapping. The electrocatalytical activity of Pt thin film was investigated in methanol oxidation reaction.
Super‐tough hydrogels using ionically crosslinked networks
Authors: Wang Jilong , Lou Lihua , Qiu Jingjing 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAlginate and polyacrylamide hydrogels were produced by a facile one‐pot method with varied ionic crosslinkers in this article. These hydrogels display outstanding mechanical properties compared to the pristine polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. The alginate network is ionically crosslinked by multivalent cation, whereas N,N′‐methylenebis (acrylamide) (MBAA) is used as covalent crosslinker for the PAAm network. Particularly, the obtained hydrogels by using trivalent cations (Fe3+ and Al3+) as crosslinkers are much stronger than that of using divalent cations (Ca2+ and Ba2+) as crosslinkers. In addition, with increasing concentration of cations, the compressive properties of gels are improved, whereas when the concentration is higher than 0.3 M, the compressive properties of gels are damaged due to mono‐bindings. Interestingly, the hydrogels with higher chemical crosslinker concentration depicts better mechanical properties than those hydrogels with lower chemical crosslinker, which is different from that of common double network hydrogels. These hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties are promising candidates for biomedical application like load‐bearing tissues. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48182.
Phase inversion in reusable baths (PIRBs): A new polymer membrane fabrication method as applied to EVOH
Authors: Su Yan‐Lin , Beltsios Konstantinos G. , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA flexible version of the phase inversion variety of porous membrane fabrication that employs cold solvent as a solidification bath is presented. A nonsolvent is included both in the dope and in the bath, and the liquid compositions are such that the bath is reusable; the concept is demonstrated for the water/dimethyl sulfoxide/poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) system. The effects of the reusable bath (RB) temperature and the bath strength on membrane morphologies are explored. From the pure water flux measurements, it is found that membranes prepared from RB possess higher permeation fluxes than those from other baths. Filtration against blue dextran (2000 kDa) indicates that those membranes precipitated from RB at 5 °C exhibit the highest rejection (98%) at the permeation flux of 14.56 L m−2h−1. In addition, it is found that the composition of the RB remains unchanged after 240 applications of the new process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48193.
Biochemical characterization of digestive membrane‐associated alkaline phosphatase from the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis
Authors: da Silva Gabriela , Costa Ramos Luís Felipe , dos Santos Seckler Henrique , Mendonça Gomes Fabio , Reis Cortines Juliana , Ramos Isabela , Dinis Anobom Cristiane , de Alcantara Machado Ednildo , Perpétua de Oliveira Danielle Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Brazil, the use of transgenic plants expressing the insect‐toxic Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin has been successfully used as pest control management since 2013 in transgenic soybean lineages against pest caterpillars such as Helicoverpa armigera. These toxins, endogenously expressed by the plants or sprayed over the crops, are ingested by the insect and bind to receptors in the midgut of these animals, resulting in disruption of digestion and lower insect survival rates. Here, we identified and characterized a membrane‐associated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis, the main soybean defoliator pest in Brazil, and data suggested that it binds to Cry1Ac toxin in vitro. Our data showed a peak of ALP activity in homogenate samples of the midgut dissected from the 4th and 5th instars larvae. The brush border membrane vesicles obtained from the midgut of these larvae were used to purify a 60 kDa ALP, as detected by in‐gel activity and in vitro biochemical characterization using pharmacological inhibitors and mass spectrometry. When Cry1Ac toxin was supplied to the diet, it was efficient in decreasing larval weight gain and survival. Indeed, in vitro incubation of Cry1Ac toxin with the purified ALP resulted in a 43% decrease in ALP specific activity and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that ALP interacts with Cry1Ac toxin in vitro, thus suggesting that ALP could function as a Cry toxin ligand. This is a first report characterizing an ALP in A. gemmatalis.
Bayesian selection probability estimation for probabilistic Boolean networks
Authors: Toyoda Mitsuru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA Bayesian approach to estimate selection probabilities of probabilistic Boolean networks is developed in this study. The concepts of inverse Boolean function and updatable set are introduced to specify states which can be used to update a Bayesian posterior distribution. The analysis on convergence of the posteriors is carried out by exploiting the combination of semi‐tensor product technique and state decomposition algorithm for Markov chain. Finally, some numerical examples demonstrate the proposed estimation algorithm.
Atypical neural variability in carriers of 16p11.2 copy number variants
Authors: Al‐Jawahiri Reem , Jones Myles , Milne Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Copy number variations (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 chromosomal region are associated with myriad clinical features including intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study is to determine whether 16p11.2 deletion (DEL) and duplication (DUP) carriers demonstrate a distinct and reciprocal pattern of electroencephalography (EEG) activity as represented by neural variability measures. EEG data were previously collected as part of the Simons Variation in Individuals Project. Variability measures, as estimated by single‐trial ERP and spectral power analyses in the alpha and beta frequency bands, in addition to signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), were analyzed in DEL (n = 20), DUP (n = 8), and typical (n = 11) groups. We also analyzed mean visual evoked potentials and spectral power (alpha and beta power) to facilitate comparisons with other studies of associated disorders and CNVs. From measures of single‐trial variability, we found higher intraparticipant variability in P1 amplitude and timecourse amplitude in DEL compared to controls. Compared to DUP, DEL showed higher variability in absolute alpha and absolute beta power but lower variability in P1 latency. SNRs did not differ between the groups. From measures of amplitude, latency, and spectral power, DUP showed lower relative alpha power compared to controls. Although it is yet unclear whether 16p11.2 CNV dosage impacts neural activity in an opposing manner, findings suggest that 16p11.2 DEL impacts the level of variability of neural responses. Higher neural variability may play a role in a range of cognitive processes in 16p11.2 CNV carriers. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1322–1333. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe study analyzed the consistency of patterns of brain waves and rhythms in those affected with a loss or gain of DNA material in the 16p11.2 region. Compared with typical individuals, 16p11.2 deletion carriers showed greater inconsistency in the way the brain responds to the same visual event. This high inconsistency in brain activity may play a role in some core symptoms in 16p11.2 copy number variation carriers.
Tuning the mechanical and physicochemical properties of cross‐linked protein films
Authors: Parveen Sultana , Chaudhury Susmitnarayan , Dasgupta Swagata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFilms derived from natural sources such as proteins provide an advantage over synthetic films due to their noncytotoxicity, biodegradability, and vast functionality. A new protein source gained from the cataractous eye protein isolate (CEPI) obtained after surgery has been investigated for this purpose. Glycerol has been employed as the plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (GD) as a cross‐linker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the films. Nanoindentation and thermogravimetric analyses reveal improved mechanical and thermal properties of the cross‐linked films. The films with 20% (w/w) GD exhibited properties such as the highest modulus and low water solubility. It is possible to tune the properties based on the extent of cross‐linking. All the films were completely degraded by the enzyme trypsin. The similarity of these films was checked by using the prepared films as a delivery vehicle for a model compound, ampicillin sodium. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 74%, and in vitro release studies showed significant amounts of drug release at physiological pH. This study will help us understand how the properties of protein films can be tuned to obtain the desired physicochemical properties. These biodegradable protein films could find use in pharmaceutical industries as delivery carriers.
Management of incidental gallbladder cancer in a national cohort
Authors: Lundgren L , Muszynska C , Ros A , Persson G , Gimm O , Andersson B , Sandström P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Incidental gallbladder cancer is a rare event, and its prognosis is largely affected by the tumour stage and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the management, treatment and survival of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer in a national cohort over a decade.

Methods
Patients were identified through the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery (GallRiks). Data were cross-linked to the national registry for liver surgery (SweLiv) and the Cancer Registry. Medical records were collected if registry data were missing. Survival was measured as disease-specific survival. The study was divided into two intervals (2007–2011 and 2012–2016) to evaluate changes over time.

Results
In total, 249 patients were identified with incidental gallbladder cancer, of whom 92 (36·9 per cent) underwent re-resection with curative intent. For patients with pT2 and pT3 disease, median disease-specific survival improved after re-resection (12·4 versus 44·1 months for pT2, and 9·7 versus 23·0 months for pT3). Residual disease was present in 53 per cent of patients with pT2 tumours who underwent re-resection; these patients had a median disease-specific survival of 32·2 months, whereas the median was not reached in patients without residual disease. Median survival increased by 11 months for all patients between the early and late periods (P = 0·030).

Conclusion
Re-resection of pT2 and pT3 incidental gallbladder cancer was associated with improved survival, but survival was impaired when residual disease was present. A higher re-resection rate and more R0 resections in the later time period may have been associated with improved survival.
LC–MS bioanalysis of intact proteins and peptides
Authors: Kang Lijuan , Weng Naidong , Jian Wenying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBioanalysis assays that reliably quantify biotherapeutics and biomarkers in biological samples play pivotal roles in drug discovery and development. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS), owing to its superior specificity, faster method development and multiplex capability, has evolved as one of the most important platforms for bioanalysis of biotherapeutics, particularly new scaffolds such as half‐life extension platforms for proteins and peptides, as well as antibody drug conjugates. Intact LC–MS analysis is orthogonal to bottom‐up surrogate peptide approach by providing whole molecule quantitation and high‐level sequence and structure information. Here we review the latest development in LC–MS bioanalysis of intact proteins and peptides by summarizing recent publications and discussing the important topics such as the comparison between top‐down intact analysis and bottom‐up surrogate peptide approach, as well as simultaneous quantitation and catabolite identification. Key bioanalytical issues around intact protein bioanalysis such as sensitivity, data processing strategies, specificity, sample preparation and LC condition are elaborated. For peptides, topics including quantitation of intact peptide vs. digested surrogate peptide, metabolites, sensitivity, LC condition, assay performance, internal standard and sample preparation are discussed.
Strategy for rapid screening of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory active ingredients in Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. based on UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS and characteristic ion filtration
Authors: Liu Mi , He Mingzhen , Gao Hongwei , Guo Sa , Jia Jia , Ouyang Hui , Feng Yulin , Yang Shilin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is traditionally used as a raw material for making dumplings or steamed stuffed buns, and its fresh leaves are boiled with water for tea. Herein, we established an ultra‐high–performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS) combined with characteristic ion filtration (CIF) strategy to rapidly screen active ingredients with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties in G. procumbens. This strategy involved screening the active part of G. procumbens using antioxidation and anti‐inflammatory activity assays; discovering the active compounds by speculating on the active site's chemical composition by UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS plus CIF; and verifying the active compounds' activities. The ethyl acetate extract (EEAF) of G. procumbens was the major active site. Eighty‐one compounds were identified from the EEAF using UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS plus CIF. Furthermore, polyphenols such as cynarine, isochlorogenic acids A and isochlorogenic acids C have excellent antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study provides a practical strategy for rapid in vitro screening of the antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory activities of traditional vegetables and herbs and identification of active ingredients.
Material‐Auswahlbox zur Herstellung fortgeschrittener Polymermembranen für die Wasseraufbereitung
Authors: Panglisch Stefan , Kouchaki Shalmani Arman , Weber Martin , Gronwald Oliver , Berg Peter , Heijnen Martin , Krug Michaela , Koti Marcel , Nahrstedt Andreas , Abetz Volker , Handge Ulrich A. , Grünig Lara , Ulbricht Mathias , Stratmann Inga 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIm Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes MABMEM werden neue, leistungsfähige Membranen für eine nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft entwickelt. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Membranen wird in vergleichenden und standardisierten Foulingtests sowie in Bezug auf die Abtrennung von Spurenverunreinigungen im Labormaßstab evaluiert. Sieben Kandidaten werden derzeit in Demonstratorversuchen mit Realwassermatrix in einem Wasserwerk zur direkten Aufbereitung eines Talsperrenwassers ohne vorherige Flockung über einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten getestet. Im Anschluss werden die neuen Membranmaterialien mit dem Ablauf einer Kläranlage betrieben.
Impact of ductus arteriosus constriction and restrictive foramen ovale on global hemodynamics for term fetuses with d‐TGA
Authors: Zhang Xiancheng , Haneishi Hideaki , Liu Hao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ductus arteriosus (DA) constriction and restrictive foramen ovale (FO) are known as the leading cause of compromise and death of fetuses with dextro‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA). Although the d‐TGA fetal hemodynamics is of great importance in making diagnosis and management of the congenital heart defect, it remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of abnormal DA and FO. In this study, we developed a closed‐loop 0‐1D multiscale model of the fetal cardiovascular system (CVS) specified for the d‐TGA circulation and conducted a systematic study of the impact of the DA constriction and restrictive FO on fetal hemodynamics. We found that the DA constriction led to a pronounced increase in the pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary and mitral valve (PV and MV) regurgitation as well as left heart volume; the restrictive FO was responsible for reducing MV E/A ratio, ie, the ratio of peak early filling and late diastolic filling velocities, and PV peak systolic flow (PSV) but could increase both aortic valve (AV) PSV and aortic isthmus systolic index (ISI). Moreover, the amount of blood flowing through the DA was observed equivalent to that through the FO; the influence of DA constriction on the cerebral and placental perfusions are larger than that of the FO. Our results demonstrate that the proposed fetal cardiovascular model may be a useful tool for studying the underlying mechanisms associated with d‐TGA fetal circulation and providing insights into its complex physiology and pathology.
Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel Achieved via a One‐Step Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Song Man , Zhao Jie , Meng Yu , Riekehr Lars , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Grennberg Helena , Zhang Zhi‐Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a one‐step method to efficiently achieve reduced graphene oxide hydrogel doped with nitrogen using ammonium formate as reducing reagent and nitrogen supplier by means of hydrothermal method. The resultant materials exhibit C/O atomic ratio as high as ∼10.9 and contains decent nitrogen doping (∼5.2 at. %). As a comparison, only solid precipitates of lower reduction efficiency and no nitrogen doping are obtained when L‐ascorbic acid is used. Electrochemical measurements show that the nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic ability for oxygen reduced reaction, indicating its great potential as low‐cost and precious‐metal‐free catalyst for energy storage applications.
Competitive victimhood as a lens to reconciliation: An analysis of the black lives matter and blue lives matter movements
Authors: Solomon Johanna , Martin Adam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiterature on intergroup conflict and identity is well established; this literature includes work on competitive victimhood—the process by which groups attempt to establish that they have suffered more than opposing groups (Noor et al.,Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2012, 16(4), 351–374) to restore feelings of moral identity, or cache often for use in a political context (Sullivan et al.,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012, 102(4), 778). Within prior work on competitive victimhood, models of reconciliation based on the particular needs and identities established within the competitive victimhood dynamic have also been posited (SimanTov‐Nachlieli et al.,European Journal of Social Psychology, 2015, 45(2), 139–145; Shnabel et al.,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2013, 49(5), 867–877). While competitive victimhood theory has been applied in prior work to several cross‐national settings, there exist other important areas of intergroup tension that have not been explored. We propose that the concept of competitive victimhood can be fruitfully used to understand movement‐countermovement dynamics, including those related to conflictual race relations in the United States. Specifically, this article will examine the dynamic between the movements “Black Lives Matter” and “Blue Lives Matter” as a salient paired research case of a movement and countermovement for investigating identity and victimhood. In our present article, we map the discourse of the Black and Blue Lives Matter movements as illustrations of collective victimhood (Schori‐Eyal et al.,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2014, 44(12), 778–794) and competitive victimhood (Noor et al.,Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2012, 16(4), 351–374). We find that while both movements demonstrate competitive victimhood, they are also qualitatively different. Due to differences in threat, power, and history of those the movements advocate for, each movement demonstrates different needs (Burton,Conflict: Human needs theory, Springer, 1990). We posit that the identity dynamics of competitive victimhood within social movements specifically lead to important and different identity needs for agency and morality (Shnabel & Noor, inRestoring civil societies: The psychology of intervention and engagement following crisis(pp. 192–207), Wiley‐Blackwell, Chichester, England, 2012). We examine what these differences would mean in these particular movements, as well as for potential avenues of community building based on addressing these needs. In all cases, we aim to show that what has largely been considered a criminal justice phenomenon in the United States is fundamentally political, with roots and possible solutions in intergroup identity dynamics that can be fruitfully explored within political psychology.
The Role of Water Revisited and Enhanced: A Sustainable Catalytic System for the Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Alassmy Yasser A. , Pescarmona Paolo P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of water as highly effective hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) for promoting the coupling reaction of CO2 with a variety of epoxides was demonstrated under very mild conditions (25–60 °C, 2–10 bar CO2). Water led to a dramatic increase in the cyclic carbonate yield when employed in combination with tetrabutylammonium iodide (Bu4NI) whereas it had a detrimental effect with the corresponding bromide and chloride salts. The efficiency of water in promoting the activity of the organic halide was compared with three state‐of‐the‐art hydrogen bond donors, that is, phenol, gallic acid and ascorbic acid. Although water required higher molar loadings compared to these organic hydrogen‐bond donors to achieve a similar degree of conversion of CO2 and styrene oxide into the corresponding cyclic carbonate under the same, mild reaction conditions, its environmental friendliness and much lower cost make it a very attractive alternative as hydrogen‐bond donor. The effect of different parameters such as the amount of water, CO2 pressure, reaction temperature, and nature of the organic halide used as catalyst was investigated by using a high‐throughput reactor unit. The highest catalytic activity was achieved with either Bu4NI or bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium iodide (PPNI): with both systems, the cyclic carbonate yield at 45 °C with different epoxide substrates could be increased by a factor of two or more by adding water as a promoter, retaining high selectivity. Water was an effective hydrogen‐bond donor even at room temperature, allowing to reach 85 % conversion of propylene oxide with full selectivity towards propylene carbonate in combination with Bu4NI (3 mol %). For the conversion of epoxides in which PPNI is poorly soluble, the addition of a cyclic carbonate as solvent allowed the formation of a homogeneous solution, leading to enhanced product yield.