bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEEK materials as an alternative to titanium in dental implants: A systematic review
Authors: Mishra Sunil , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeEvaluation of the available research on PEEK materials to find that whether PEEK material has favorable properties and can enhance osseointegration, so that they can be utilize as implants material.Materials and MethodsAn electronic and structured systematic search was undertaken in May 2018, without any restrictions of time in the Medline/Pubmed, Sci‐hub, Ebscohost, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. To identify other related references further hand search was done. Articles related to PEEK and their applications in implants were only included. Articles not available in abstract form and article other than English language were excluded.ResultsInitially, the search resulted in 153 papers. Independent screenings of the abstracts were done by the reviewers to identify the articles related to the question in focus. Sixty‐two studies were selected out of which 10 were further excluded due to not in English language. Two additional papers were obtained after hand searching, and finally 54 articles were included in the review.ConclusionsSurface modification of PEEK seems to enhance the cell adhesion, proliferation, biocompability, and osteogenic properties of PEEK implant materials. PEEK had also influence the biofilm structure and reduces the chances of periimplant inflammations. Further research and more number of controlled clinical trials on PEEK implant is required in near future so that it can replace titanium in future.
Associations of secreted phosphoprotein 1 and B lymphocyte kinase gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Wen , Yang Shun‐Fa , Wang Yuan‐Hung , Fang Wen‐Fang , Lin Ying‐Chin , Tang Kam‐Tsun , Lin Jiunn‐Diann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of the type 1 interferon (IFN)‐related signalling pathway predisposes one to autoimmune diseases. Possible associations of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and B lymphocyte kinase (BLK) of the type 1 IFN‐related signalling pathway with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in an ethnic Chinese (ie Taiwanese) population were tested.MethodsTotally, 83 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, 319 Graves’ disease (GD) patients and 369 controls were enrolled. Genotypes of the two SNPs (rs1126772 and rs1126616) of SPP1 and two SNPs (rs13277113 and rs2736340) of BLK were determined.ResultsOur results showed reduced percentages of the G allele of rs13277113 of BLK in GD (P = 0.037, odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62‐0.99) and HT (P = 0.002, OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.36‐0.81), compared to the controls. At the same time, lower frequencies of the C allele of rs2736340 of BLK in GD (P = 0.025, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60‐0.97) and HT (P = 0.003, OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35‐0.81) than the controls were also observed. There were significantly higher AT haplotype frequencies of rs1327713 and rs2736340 in GD and HT patients than in the controls (P = 0.025, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03‐1.67, and P = 0.003, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.24‐2.87, respectively). Moreover, the anti‐microsomal antibody titre was associated with rs2736340.ConclusionsGenetic variants of rs13277113 and rs2736340 of BLK were associated with susceptibility to GD, HT and AITD in an ethnic Chinese population. Our results suggest the BLK may participate in the pathogenesis of GD, HT and AITD.
Expression of the axon‐guidance protein receptor Neuropilin 1 is increased in the spinal cord and decreased in muscle of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Körner Sonja , Thau‐Habermann Nadine , Kefalakes Ekaterini , Bursch Franziska , Petri Susanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron disorder. It is supposed that ALS is at least in part an axonopathy. Neuropilin 1 is an important receptor of the axon repellent Semaphorin 3A and a co‐receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor. It is probably involved in neuronal and axonal de‐/regeneration and might be of high relevance for ALS pathogenesis and/or disease progression. To elucidate whether the expression of either Neuropilin1 or Semaphorin3A is altered in ALS we investigated these proteins in human brain, spinal cord and muscle tissue of ALS‐patients and controls as well as transgenic SOD1G93A and control mice. Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A gene and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry. Groups were compared using either Student t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test. We observed a consistent increase of Neuropilin1 expression in the spinal cord and decrease of Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A in muscle tissue of transgenic SOD1G93A mice at the mRNA and protein level. Previous studies have shown that damage of neurons physiologically causes Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A increase in the central nervous system and decrease in the peripheral nervous system. Our results indicate that this also occurs in ALS. Pharmacological modulation of expression and function of axon repellents could be a promising future therapeutic option in ALS.
Cannabidiol reduces seizures and associated behavioral comorbidities in a range of animal seizure and epilepsy models
Authors: Patra Pabitra Hriday , Barker‐Haliski Melissa , White H. Steve , Whalley Benjamin J. , Glyn Sarah , Sandhu Haramrit , Jones Nicholas , Bazelot Michael , Williams Claire M. , McNeish Alister James 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveEpilepsy is a progressive neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures and behavioral comorbidities. We investigated the antiseizure effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in a battery of acute seizure models. Additionally, we defined the disease‐modifying potential of chronic oral administration ofCBDon associated comorbidities in the reduced intensity status epilepticus–spontaneous recurrent seizures (RISE‐SRS) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsWe evaluated the acute antiseizure effect ofCBDin the maximal electroshock seizure, 6‐Hz psychomotor seizure, and pentylenetetrazol acute seizure tests, as well as the corneal kindling model of chronic seizures in mice following intraperitoneal administration. Median effective or behavioral toxic dose was determined in both mice and rats. Next, we tested an intravenous preparation ofCBD(10 mg/kg single dose) in a rat model of pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus. We defined the effect of chronicCBDadministration (200 mg/kg orally) on spontaneous seizures, motor control, gait, and memory function in the ratRISE‐SRSmodel ofTLE.ResultsCBD was effective in a battery of acute seizure models in both mice and rats following intraperitoneal administration. In the pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus rat model,CBDattenuated maximum seizure severity following intravenous administration, further demonstratingCBD's acute antiseizure efficacy in this rat model. We established that oralCBDattenuated the time‐dependent increase in seizure burden and improvedTLE‐associated motor comorbidities of epileptic rats in theRISE‐SRSmodel without affecting gait. Chronic administration ofCBDafter the onset ofSRSameliorated reference memory and working memory errors of epileptic animals in a spatial learning and memory task.SignificanceThe present study illustrates thatCBDis a well‐tolerated and effective antiseizure agent and illustrates a potential disease‐modifying effect ofCBDon reducing both seizure burden and associated comorbidities well after the onset of symptomatic seizures in a model ofTLE.
Oddity, predation risk and social decisions in aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Raveh Shirley , Langen Kathrin , Bakker Theo C. M. , Josephs Christian , Frommen Joachim G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGroup living is widespread across animal taxa, incurring benefits such as increased foraging efficiency or an enhanced chance of surviving a predator's attack. The chances of escaping a predator are often lower for odd‐looking individuals, as these are detected at a higher rate than uniform looking group members. While this “oddity effect” shall operate in animals differing in any given phenotype, including colour, size or species identity, it has been experimentally tested mainly for odd‐coloured individuals. We examined the oddity effect and swarming preferences in two differently sized species of freshwater planktonic crustaceans (largeDaphnia magnaand smallDaphnia pulex). We experimentally investigated whether odd individuals in a swarm of heterospecificDaphniawere more vulnerable to predation by a common predator, the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Furthermore,Daphnia'sswarming preference was tested by giving individuals the opportunity to choose between conspecific/heterospecific odour and a neutral control. In contrast to the predictions of the oddity effect, odd individuals were not always preyed on earlier; instead three‐spined stickleback preferentially predated large, more nutritious individuals.Daphniaof both species reacted towards the perception of con‐ and heterospecifics odours. WhileD. pulexgenerally avoided the smell of other daphnids,D. magnaavoided conspecifics but tended to prefer heterospecifics over the neutral control. These findings provide new insights into swarming strategies and social preference of an invertebrate and how this behaviour can influence predation risk.
Stream invertebrate diversity reduces with invasion of river banks by non‐native plants
Authors: Seeney Alex , Pattison Zarah , Willby Nigel J. , Boon Philip J. , Bull Colin D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Invasion of riparian zones by non‐native plants is a global issue and commonly perceived as a challenge for river and fishery managers, but the type and extent of ecological changes induced by such invasions remain poorly understood. Established effects on sediment delivery, allochthonous inputs, and channel shading could potentially alter aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, with implications for in‐stream ecological quality.

We assessed responses in the diversity, quality, and heterogeneity of stream macroinvertebrate communities to riparian invasion by non‐native plants. Macroinvertebrates were collected from 24 sites on low order streams in central and southern Scotland during spring and autumn. The effect of invasive non‐native plants (INNP) on macroinvertebrates was assessed relative to that of local physical and chemical factors.

Invasive non‐native plants cover was associated with stronger effects than other factors on local diversity of macroinvertebrates (33% reduction at the highest INNP cover) but also increased macroinvertebrate abundance across sites. Invaded sites were also associated with lower macroinvertebrate biomonitoring scores. Community composition differed between invaded and uninvaded sites in autumn, but not in spring. However, INNP influence on macroinvertebrate composition was generally secondary to that of physicochemical variables (e.g. channel shade, substrate diversity).

We demonstrate that the influence of INNP extends beyond well‐known impacts on plant communities to reductions mainly in stream macroinvertebrate diversity. Combined with the negative impact on pollution‐sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa this raises concerns over the ecological health of streams with heavily invaded riparian zones. Our findings suggest that efforts to improve low order streams by actively managing severe riparian invasions are merited, but the size and uncertainty of the likely ecological gains must also be evaluated against the effort involved.
Microbes drive global soil nitrogen mineralization and availability
Authors: Li Zhaolei , Tian Dashuan , Wang Bingxue , Wang Jinsong , Wang Song , Chen Han Y. H. , Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Changhui , He Nianpeng , Niu Shuli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil net nitrogen mineralization rate (Nmin), which is critical for soil nitrogen availability and plant growth, is thought to be primarily controlled by climate and soil physical and/or chemical properties. However, the role of microbes on regulating soil Nmin has not been evaluated on the global scale. By compiling 1565 observational data points of potential net Nmin from 198 published studies across terrestrial ecosystems, we found that Nmin significantly increased with soil microbial biomass, total nitrogen, and mean annual precipitation, but decreased with soil pH. The variation of Nmin was ascribed predominantly to soil microbial biomass on global and biome scales. Mean annual precipitation, soil pH, and total soil nitrogen significantly influenced Nmin through soil microbes. The structural equation models (SEM) showed that soil substrates were the main factors controlling Nmin when microbial biomass was excluded. Microbe became the primary driver when it was included in SEM analysis. SEM with soil microbial biomass improved the Nmin prediction by 19% in comparison with that devoid of soil microbial biomass. The changes in Nmin contributed the most to global soil NH4+‐N variations in contrast to climate and soil properties. This study reveals the complex interactions of climate, soil properties, and microbes on Nmin and highlights the importance of soil microbial biomass in determining Nmin and nitrogen availability across the globe. The findings necessitate accurate representation of microbes in Earth system models to better predict nitrogen cycle under global change.
A quantitative analysis of Hukou reform in Chinese cities: 2000–2016
Authors: Zhang Jipeng , Wang Ru , Lu Chong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper documents the changes in China's Hukou reform before and after 2014 based on a unique data set of Hukou policy documents from Chinese cities between 2000 and 2016. We construct a Hukou registration index to measure the stringency of local Hukou qualification in Chinese cities. There are four main channels for migrants to get local urban Hukou: investment, home purchase, talent program, and employment. The requirements of the four channels have large variations across different tiers of cities between the two periods of 2000–2013 and 2014–2016. First‐tier and some second‐tier cities set high criteria for local Hukou registration that have become more stringent over time, while other cities have much lower requirements. The point account system for Hukou registration shows that cities have different preferences over workers eligible for local urban Hukou. The quantitative measures developed in this paper can be used to study a variety of topics on the social and economic consequences of labor mobility barriers.
Accurate measurement of extended half‐life and unmodified factor VIII low levels with one‐stage FVIII assays is dependent on the matrix of calibration curves
Authors: Van den Bossche Dorien , Toelen Jelle , Schoeters Joke , Van Horenbeeck Isa , Vanlinthout Ingrid , Debasse Mirjam , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Jacquemin Marc 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThe monitoring of factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy relies on the accurate measurement of FVIII activity over a large concentration range. However, unexplained overestimation of low FVIII levels has recently been reported with extended half‐life recombinant FVIIIs.AimThe objective of this study was to confirm previous publications indicating that the reagents used to generate the calibration curves determine the accuracy of the measurement of low FVIII levels.MethodsWe generated FVIII calibration curves with FVIII‐deficient plasmas or a commercial diluent buffer. We then measured FVIII levels in FVIII‐deficient plasma spiked with plasma FVIII, a full‐length recombinant FVIII (Advate®, Shire, Brussels, Belgium) and two extended half‐life recombinant FVIIIs (Elocta® , Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Woluwe Saint‐Lambert, Belgium and Afstyla®, CSL Behring, Mechelen, Belgium). FVIII levels were also analyzed in spiked samples prediluted two‐ and fourfold, either in diluent buffer or in FVIII‐deficient plasma to evaluate parallelism.ResultsCoagulation times of calibration curves generated with diluent buffer were longer than those with FVIII‐deficient plasmas. This resulted in an overestimation of FVIII levels lower than 25 IU/dL in spiked samples and in detection of FVIII activity (≥1 IU/dL) in FVIII‐deficient plasma. Predilution of samples with diluent buffer rather than with FVIII‐deficient plasma also led to discordant results.ConclusionOur data confirm that the generation of calibration curves by dilution in FVIII‐deficient plasma is crucial for the accurate measurement of low FVIII levels. When serial dilutions of samples are analyzed, predilution in FVIII‐deficient plasma is required to respect the parallelism criteria. These methods should be more generally implemented for coagulation instruments.
Rifaximin‐altered gut microbiota components associated with liver/neuropsychological functions in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: An exploratory data analysis of phase II/III clinical trials
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Suzuki Fumitaka , Imamura Masatoshi , Murashima Naoya , Yanase Mikio , Mine Tetsuya , Fujisawa Masaki , Sato Ikuya , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Okita Kiwamu , Suzuki Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2018

AimsRifaximin (RFX), a non‐systemic antibiotic, improves liver/neuropsychological functions in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). We aimed to investigate the clinical profiles associated with gut bacterial loads using exploratory data analysis and the effects of RFX on the gut microbiota of patients with HE.MethodsWe analyzed the data from 17 patients with HE who underwent fecal microbiota examination in phase II/III trials in Japan. Profiles associated with genera Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Lactobacillus loads were analyzed using classification and regression trees (CART). Changes in gut microbial consortia of seven patients with HE were then assessed 2 weeks after RFX treatment by principal component analysis.ResultsIn the CART, the first and second divergence variables for each higher bacterial load were as follows: (i) in Streptococcus, the number connection test‐A ≥39.55 s and presence of portal‐systemic shunt; (ii) in Veillonella, serum potassium levels <4.75 mEq/L and total cholesterol level <129.5 mg/dL; and (iii) in Lactobacillus, white blood cell counts ≥3.4 × 103/μL and aspartate aminotransferase level ≥44.5 U/L. There was no significant change in total bacterial load before and after RFX treatment; however, there was a decrease in Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Lactobacillus counts after RFX treatment.ConclusionWe report clinical profiles associated with gut bacterial loads in patients with HE, and showed that RFX altered gut microbiota components associated with liver/neuropsychological functions. Thus, RFX could improve liver/neuropsychological functions through the regulation of the gut microbial consortia in patients with HE.
Fractionation of baker's yeast vinasse via ultrafiltration: assessment of feasibility
Authors: Vukušić Josipa Lisičar , Millenautzki Thomas , Sedaghati Masoud , Schallenberg Marc , Müller Peter , Hof Jendrik , Mösche Marek , Barbe Stéphan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe potential of vinasse, gained from baker′s yeast production for the recovery of valuable molecules (invertase, food grade proteins and betaine), has been assessed. Particularly natural betaine, a trimethyl derivative of glycine, attracts more and more attention in human and animal nutrition. In this work, a straightforward membrane‐based process for the recovery of natural betaine and a very promising betaine‐rich protein fraction from fermentation broth of baker′s yeast was developed. The difficult separation of external invertase from yeast cells was observed in this work. Anyway, a residual invertase activity was found in vinasse, but it could not be efficiently purified to generate an industrial‐strength product. The presented process can be easily implemented in a conventional baker's yeast production plant by integrating an ultrafiltration station and an adsorption system. Based on our calculations, a potential recovery up to 1486 t year−1 of betaine‐rich proteins (5 € kg−1) and 593 t year−1 Betafin® similar natural betaine (6–7 € kg−1) may be achieved.
Evaluation of cellular and humoral autoimmunity before the development of type 1 diabetes in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia
Authors: Maruyama Koji , Chujo Daisuke , Watanabe Koji , Kawabe Akitsu , Sugiyama Takehiro , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Tanabe Akiyo , Ueki Kohjiro , Kajio Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA 64‐year‐old woman developed type 1 diabetes 23 years after the diagnosis of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. To investigate the etiological interaction between idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and type 1 diabetes, we carried out a longitudinal analysis related to islet‐specific autoimmunity. Anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody had been already weakly positive for at least 16 years and started rising at 6 months before the onset of type 1 diabetes. The seroconversion of anti‐insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 antibody and insulin autoantibody occurred at the time of onset. The ratio of CD8/CD4 had been gradually increasing for 8 years before type 1 diabetes onset. Notably, islet‐specific glucose‐6‐phosphatase catalytic subunit‐related protein‐reactive CD8+ T cells were detected at type 1 diabetes onset, and the frequency was higher than that in 15 non‐diabetic controls (6.75% vs 0.49 ± 0.78%, mean ± SD). The present type 1 diabetes patient, presented with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and showed an elevated number of CD8+ T cells, including the islet antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells that might contribute to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β‐cells.
Characteristics of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis among lean patients in Japan: Not uncommon and not always benign
Authors: Tobari Maki , Hashimoto Estuko , Taniai Makiko , Ikarashi Yuuichi , Kodama Kazuhisa , Kogiso Tomomi , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Takayoshi Nishino , Hashimoto Naotake 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimTo elucidate features of nonobese non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we assessed Japanese patients with NAFLD stratified by body mass index (BMI) and by sex.MethodsBiopsy‐proven 762 NAFLD patients (404 men) were classified into three groups by the Japanese criteria: nonobese group (BMI < 25 kg/m2), obese group (25 to 30), and severely obese group (≥ 30). Clinicopathological features and single nucleotide polymorphism of patatin‐like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 were investigated, and body composition analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and computed tomography.ResultsOver 25% of men and almost 40% of women were nonobese, but most of them had visceral fat obesity and/or insulin resistance. The median age (years) of the nonobese, obese, and severely obese men was 49.9, 46.8, and 40.5 (P < 0.01), respectively, while those of women was 60.2, 59.6, and 48.5 (P < 0.01), respectively. The prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and PNPLA3 risk alleles did not differ among these groups in both sexes. Also, the prevalence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis was not significantly different in both sexes, although nonobese patients had a higher prevalence of mild steatosis. Advanced fibrosis showed a marked difference between men and women. Advanced fibrosis was significantly more frequent among severely obese men (nonobese: 31.0%, obese: 41.6%, severely obese: 60.9%; P < 0.01), but it was lower among severely obese women (51.4%, 62.9%, 33.7%; P < 0.01). Skeletal muscle mass was significantly lower in nonobese patients.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was not milder in nonobese patients. Histological steatosis was associated with BMI, but advanced fibrosis was not and showed a significant sex difference.