bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bacterial microbiota of a parasitic plant and its host
Authors: Fitzpatrick Connor R. , Schneider Adam C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow plant-associated microbiota are shaped by, and potentially contribute to the unique ecology and heterotrophic life history of parasitic plants is relatively unknown. Here, we investigate the leaf and root bacterial communities associated with the root holoparasite Orobanche hederae and its host plant Hedera spp. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from leaf and root samples of naturally growing populations of Orobanche and infected and uninfected Hedera. Root bacteria inhabiting Orobanche were less diverse, had fewer co-associations, and displayed increased compositional similarity to leaf bacteria relative to Hedera. Overall, Orobanche bacteria exhibited significant congruency with Hedera root bacteria across sites, but not the surrounding soil. Infection had localized and systemic effects on Hedera bacteria, which included effects on the abundance of individual taxa and root network properties. Collectively, our results indicate that the parasitic plant microbiome is derived but distinct from host plant microbiota, exhibits increased homogenization between shoot and root tissues, and displays far fewer co-associations among individual bacterial members. Host plant infection is accompanied by modest changes of associated microbiota at both local and systemic scales compared with uninfected individuals. Our results provide insight into the assembly and function of plant microbiota.
MAF1 is a Chronic Repressor of RNA Polymerase III Transcription in the Mouse
Authors: Bonhoure Nicolas , Praz Viviane , Moir Robyn D. , Willemin Gilles , Mange François , Moret Catherine , Willis Ian M. , Hernandez Nouria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaf1-/- mice are lean, obesity-resistant and metabolically inefficient. Their increased energy expenditure is thought to be driven by a futile RNA cycle that reprograms metabolism to meet an increased demand for nucleotides stemming from the deregulation of RNA polymerase (pol) III transcription. Metabolic changes consistent with this model have been reported in both fasted and refed mice, however the impact of the fasting-refeeding-cycle on pol III function has not been examined. Here we show that changes in pol III occupancy in the liver of fasted versus refed wild-type mice are largely confined to low and intermediate occupancy genes; high occupancy genes are unchanged. However, in Maf1-/- mice, pol III occupancy of the vast majority of active loci in liver and the levels of specific precursor tRNAs in this tissue and other organs are higher than wild-type in both fasted and refed conditions. Thus, MAF1 functions as a chronic repressor of active pol III loci and can modulate transcription under different conditions. Our findings support the futile RNA cycle hypothesis, elaborate the mechanism of pol III repression by MAF1 and demonstrate a modest effect of MAF1 on global translation via reduced mRNA levels and translation efficiencies for several ribosomal proteins.
Definition of alleles and altered regulatory motifs across Cas9-edited cell populations
Authors: Ehmsen Kirk T. , Knuesel Matthew T. , Martinez Delsy , Asahina Masako , Aridomi Haruna , Yamamoto Keith R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenetic alteration of candidate response elements at their native chromosomal loci is the only valid determinant of their potential transcriptional regulatory activities. Targeted DNA cleavage by Cas9 coupled with cellular repair processes can produce arrays of alleles that can be defined by massively parallel sequencing by synthesis (SBS), presenting an opportunity to generate and survey edited cell populations that include informative alterations. Such editing efforts commonly rely on subclonal enrichment to isolate cells with preferred genotypic properties at target loci; short nucleotide adducts (indices/barcodes) allow PCR-amplified molecules from diverse sample sources to be pooled, sequenced, and demultiplexed to resolve source-specific content. Not widely available, however, are capabilities for barcoding thousands of clones, or for automated analysis of individual candidate regulatory loci PCR-amplified and sequenced from a genetically heterogeneous population—specifically, imputation of discrete genotype(s) by allele definition and abundance, and identification of altered regulatory factor binding motifs.ResultsWe describe a panel of 192 8-nucleotide barcode primers compatible with Illumina® sequencing platforms, and the application of these barcodes to genotypic analysis of Cas9-edited clones. Permutations of the ninety-six i7 (read 1) and ninety-six i5 (read 2) barcodes allow unique labeling of up to 9,216 distinct samples. We created three independent Python scripts: SampleSheet.py automates construction of Illumina® Sample Sheets encoding up to 9,216 barcode:sample relationships; ImputedGenotypes.py defines alleles and imputes genotypes from demultiplexed fastq files; CollatedMotifs.py flags transcription factor recognition motif matches altered in alleles relative to a reference sequence.ConclusionsCode-enabled definition of alleles and regulatory motifs in sequenced, demultiplexed amplicons facilitates evaluation of genetic diversity in up to 9,216 distinct samples. Here, we demonstrate the utility of three scripts in analysis of cell populations targeted by Cas9 for disruption of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites near FKBP5, a GR-regulated gene in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549. SampleSheet.py, ImputedGenotypes.py, and CollatedMotifs.py operate independently and are broadly applicable beyond the case described here.
DNA origami-based single-molecule force spectroscopy unravels the molecular basis of RNA Polymerase III pre-initiation complex stability
Authors: Kramm Kevin , Schröder Tim , Gouge Jerome , Vera Andrés Manuel , Heiss Florian B. , Liedl Tim , Engel Christoph , Vannini Alessandro , Tinnefeld Philip , Grohmann Dina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a transcription factor (TF) IIB-like factor compound the fundamental core of all eukaryotic initiation complexes. The reason for the emergence and strict requirement of the additional intiation factor Bdp1, which is unique to the RNA polymerase (RNAP) III sytem, however, remained elusive. A poorly studied aspect in this context is the effect of DNA strain, that arises from DNA compaction and transcriptional activity, on the efficiency of initiation complex formation. We made use of a new nanotechnological tool – a DNA origami-based force clamp - to follow the assembly of human initiation complexes in the Pol II and Pol III system at the single-molecule level under piconewton forces. We demonstrate that TBP-DNA complexes are force-sensitive and TFIIB is necessary and sufficient to stabilise TBP on a strained RNAP II promoter. In contrast, Bdp1 is the pivotal component that ensures stable anchoring of initiation factors, and thus the polymerase itself, in the RNAP III system. Thereby, we offer an explanation for the crucial role of Bdp1 for the high transcriptional output of Pol III genes for the first time.
Identification of a female determinant gene for the sexual determination of a hemipteran insect, the brown planthopper
Authors: Zhuo Ji-Chong , Zhang Hou-Hong , Xie Yu-Cheng , Li Han-Jing , Hu Qing-Ling , Zhang Chuan-Xi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe sex determination mechanism for hemipteran species remains poorly understood. During the sex determination of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, one species of Hemiptera, the functions of doublesex (Nldsx) and NlTra-2 (NlTra-2) genes were identified in our previous studies. Here, we identify an upstream gene for Nldsx in the sex determination cascade, NlFmd, which acts as female determinant gene for N. lugens. The sex-specific transcript of NlFmd (NlFmd-F) encodes an arginine/serine-, and proline-rich protein that is essential for female development. The knockdown of NlFmd resulted in the development of pseudomales, with sex-specific alternative Nldsx processing, and maternal RNA interference (RNAi) against NlFmd generates male-only progeny. Moreover, homologous genes for NlFmd have also been identified in two rice planthopper species, the white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogotalla furcifera) and the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus), and these genes appear to be involved in the sex determination cascades for these species. Our data suggest that the sex determination cascade in Delphacidae is conserved.
Sense making in complex health situations
Authors: Naveh Sharon , Bronstein Jenny 
Published: September 2019

PurposeUsing a sense making approach, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role that virtual health communities play as a source of informational and social support for pregnant diabetic women. The paper helps to understand how women suffering from a critical medical condition (i.e. diabetes during pregnancy and birth) manage a complex health situation.Design/methodology/approachThe data sample consisted of 507 posts collected from a virtual health community for diabetic pregnant women. Data were analysed deductively looking for different expressions of normality and different types of health information about diabetes.FindingsContent analysis revealed four themes that reflect the process that diabetic women go through from their attempts to conceive through pregnancy and birth. The findings show that for women dealing with a chronic illness such as diabetes, the breakdown of normal was the beginning of the pregnancy that prompted a new range of informational and emotional needs. The members of the community negotiated a socially constructed sense of normality and tried to empower other members with a new sense of normal by sharing information about their births. The findings also showed that members of the community disclosed personal health information to elicit medical information, advice and social support from other members.Originality/valueThe study highlighted the significance of sense-making processes in managing complex health situations and the value of virtual communities as sources of information and social support as to resolve discontinuities in the management of their illnesses.
A study on consumption of composite flour and bread in global perspective
Authors: Engindeniz Sait , Bolatova Zhansaya 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine composite flour and bread consumption, and to analyse economic efficiency by comparing Kazakhstan and Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe material of the study was analysed through cross-section, χ2 and T-test, data collected from the online questionnaires of 269 families from Kazakhstan (131 families) and Turkey (138 families). The families were classified into four categories on the basis of their income level and into three categories on the basis of their education level and age level.FindingsAccording to the study results, Kazakhstan and Turkey families consume different types of flours and breads; the consumption of composite flour per capita has been 2 kg/month, but the bread consumption per capita has been 2 pieces/day. A χ2 analysis has shown that country, family size, age, sex, income and occupation had a significant effect on flour and bread consumption. It was detected that the price of composite flour products and bread is related to the income of a family. According to the survey data, in Kazakhstan and Turkey, the average monthly income of the families have been calculated as $675, and the average income per person have been calculated as $170. Families purchase of composite flour products and bread has been $6. There is an increase amount of flour and bread consumption (p<0.010) in the low-income level, but in families with high-income level, there is a decrease amount of consumption. The price of flour products and bread is associated with the income of a family; these products have seen as reasonable and practical products. The income level and age level affect the consumption of flour and bread. Although the education level and occupation of consumers are varied, flour and bread have been preferred by every age group of consumers as a conventional food, whether it is a healthy food or not. New trend of consumption healthy products as a composite flour and bread influences on consumers purchase.Originality/valueFlour and bread constitute the main and strategically important food product worldwide. The food security of a country depends on the state of the grain economy and the broad availability of the population. Grain production is the largest branch of agricultural production, and it has an important economic and social significance. The flour and bread were the main economic and political problem thousands of years ago.
Identification and causal assessment of supply chain flexibility
Authors: Singh Rohit Kr , Modgil Sachin , Acharya Padmanav 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to map the causal relations among various supply chain flexibility (SCF) dimensions having significant impact on the Indian personal hygiene industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The author(s) have gone through extensive literature review and extracted 22 SCF dimensions. After conducting field visits and expert interaction in the firm related to case industry, 11 major SCF dimensions that seem to have a significant amount of influence on supply chain performance of the firms were retained for further consideration. The author(s) have used decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to establish initial causality and structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the contribution of different flexibility dimensions on overall SCF.

Findings
After DEMATEL analysis, three major SCF dimensions were considered for SEM modeling. The result shows that product flexibility and physical distribution flexibility have favorable influence on the SCF, while the demand management flexibility adversely impacts overall SCF.

Practical implications
The approach adopted in the study can help firms to determine and exercise the flexibility dimensions of a particular supply chain. The DEMATEL and SEM offer a facilitation to explain the causal relationship between the different dimensions to take long-term decisions and address the uncertainty in the demand and supply side.

Originality/value
This paper has made an attempt to evaluate the supply chain flexibilities, prioritize them and evaluate the relationship amongst these flexibilities and the degree to which they affect or are affected by one another in the Indian personal hygiene industry.
Emic vs etic frame of reference personality assessment in the prediction of work-related outcomes
Authors: Burtaverde Vlad , Iliescu Dragos 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of both work-related and emic contextualization of personality measurement in the prediction of work-related outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 224 employees completed work-contextualized and non-contextualized Big Five model measures, as well as contextualized emic personality measures, together with a number of measures for work-related outcomes.FindingsResults showed that, after controlling for demographic variables and non-contextualized etic factors, etic contextualized factors predicted occupational stress, work engagement, job satisfaction, work frustration, turnover intention, career satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. After controlling for demographic variables, non-contextualized etic factors and contextualized etic factors, emic contextualized personality factors predicted work engagement, job satisfaction, absenteeism, counterproductive workplace behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has a number of limitations. First, the sample contained participants recruited from a low number of professional areas. Second, the sample consisted mostly of women, and relying on unbalanced samples may lead to construct irrelevant variance.Practical implicationsBy using a combination of etic personality measures and contextualized emic personality measures, organizations can better predict a number of organizational outcomes related to extra-role performance, such as those considered in the present study.Originality/valueThis research showed that, in the case of personality assessment, using a double form of contextualization – frame of reference and culture – an increment in the prediction of organizational behaviors can be obtained.
Career adaptability and citizenship outcomes: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Chang , Yu Kun 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Drawing upon the career construction theory (Savickas, 2002, 2013) and the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), the purpose of this paper is to explore whether, how and when career adaptability influences citizenship outcomes (i.e. citizenship behavior and citizenship fatigue).

Design/methodology/approach
Two-wave data were collected from 306 employees working in the operation department of an e-commerce company in Eastern China.

Findings
The results showed that both affective commitment and emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between career adaptability and both citizenship behavior and citizenship fatigue, revealing a dual-process mechanism. Moreover, both the positive association between career adaptability and affective commitment and the negative association between career adaptability and emotional exhaustion were stronger among employees with a high (vs low) level of hindrance stressors.

Research limitations/implications
This study sheds light on the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the career adaptabilities–citizenship outcomes relationship.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to investigate the mechanism of the relationship between career adaptability and citizenship outcomes using multi-wave data.
Worst-case analysis of electronic circuits based on an analytic forward solver approach
Authors: Schenk Mario , Muetze Annette , Krischan Klaus , Magele Christian 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the worst-case behavior of a given electronic circuit by varying the values of the components in a meaningful way in order not to exceed pre-defined currents or voltages limits during a transient operation.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytic formulation is used to identify the time-dependent solution of voltages or currents using proper state equations in closed form. Circuits with linear elements can be described by a system of differential equations, while circuits composing nonlinear elements are described by piecewise-linear models. A sequential quadratic program (SQP) is used to find the worst-case scenario.

Findings
It is found that the worst-case scenario can be obtained with as few solutions to the forward problem as possible by applying an SQP method.

Originality/value
The SQP method in combination with the analytic forward solver approach shows that the worst-case limit converges in a few steps even if the worst-case limit is not on the boundary of the parameters.
Barriers to constructing experiential learning claims through reflective narratives
Authors: Ions Kevin John , Sutcliffe Norma 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers that higher education (HE) work-based learners face when constructing experiential learning claims through reflective narratives.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 38 part-time, HE undergraduate work-based learners was conducted. A questionnaire was designed comprising Likert scale and open ended questions to capture students’ experiences of constructing experiential learning claims.

Findings
The study found that students experience several learning barriers including the diversity and complexity of reflective learning models, the solitary nature of reflective learning, problems articulating tacit knowledge in writing, emotional barriers to reflective learning, accurately recalling “historic” learning experiences and difficulties in developing the meta-competence of learning to learn.

Practical implications
Consideration should be given to assisting learners to develop the skills necessary to select and use reflective learning models that best fit particular experiential learning contexts. Learners should be encouraged to undertake group reflection in the classroom and in the workplace to enable them to write critical reflective narratives that have integrity. There should be less reliance on written reflective narratives to evidence tacit knowledge with consideration given to other methods such as practical demonstrations, videos presentations and interviews.

Originality/value
The study contributes to knowledge of the barriers that students face when constructing experiential learning claims through reflective narratives. It proposes an outline pedagogical scaffolding framework to assist learners to develop recognition of prior learning (RPL) claims to enable them to maximise opportunities for claiming credits through universities RPL processes.
Drawing up codes of ethics of higher education institutions: evidence from Italian universities
Authors: Mion Giorgio , Bonfanti Angelo 
Published: September 2019

PurposeHigher education institutions draw up codes of ethics, but in several countries there are no standards to follow. Most universities have autonomy and can freely draw up their codes of ethics in terms of structure and content. The purpose of this paper is to understand the main ethics issues that universities identify in their codes of ethics and what activities they implement to respond to these issues toward appropriate educational management of their institutions in ethical terms.Design/methodology/approachThis study was performed through content analysis of codes of ethics of Italian public universities (64 codes), and may be considered a single in-depth case study. The main ethics issues and related activities were inductively codified in relation to the research purpose. The four constitutive aspects of business ethics (individual, managerial, organizational and societal ethics) proposed by Melé were chosen as the framework to investigate the main ethical needs and related activities implemented by universities to respond to these ethical issues.FindingsThis research has identified nine main ethical issues and related activities that contribute to guarantee the ethical compliance of universities under the four interrelated aspects different individual behaviors, managerial initiatives, organization strategies and responsibilities toward society. The analysis shows some relevant differences among Italian universities that have important implications in the ethical vision of academic communities and of managerial role in universities.Practical implicationsThe research can help managers of higher education institutions to identify the main ethical issues to draw up codes of ethics and to formulate consistent development strategies that are able to improve the conditions of collaboration, work and productive participation in activities for all members of academic communities.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that connect codes of ethics and higher education. This research brings to light the main ethical issues and related activities that universities can consider to orient their strategic choices toward the public interest as well as educational management improvement.