bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Together to Understand Why Infants Die: A Qualitative Study of Professionals' Experiences of Joint Agency Investigation of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy
Authors: Garstang Joanna , Griffiths Frances 
Published: November 2018

A comprehensive Child Death Review programme commenced in England in 2008; police, healthcare and social care professionals now work together, using a joint agency approach (JAA) to investigate unexpected child deaths. The aim of this paper is to explore professionals' experiences of the JAA investigation of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). This was part of a mixed‐methods study evaluating the JAA investigation of SUDI. Professionals participated in qualitative interviews and case notes were scrutinised. Data were analysed using a framework approach. A total of 23 of a possible 113 eligible SUDI cases were recruited. Twenty‐six professionals involved in investigating 12 of the 23 SUDI cases were interviewed giving theoretical saturation of data. The overarching theme was the conflict between the need to investigate deaths while remaining sensitive to families. Other themes were working together, supporting parents, and the benefits and difficulties of joint working practices. All professionals were positive about the JAA, especially joint police and paediatric interviews and home visits. The difficulties included non‐engagement by social care and poor liaison with coroners. The JAA seems to be a thorough investigative process but could be improved by closer joint agency working and information sharing, and more support and training for professionals. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Joint agency investigation of unexpected infant deaths enables a detailed understanding of the causes of death and the provision of support to families.
Joint home visits by police and paediatricians following unexpected infant deaths provide more detailed information and can be more sensitive to families than police death scene examination alone.
Prompt information sharing across all agencies is a key part of effective investigation of unexpected infant deaths.
‘Explore[s] professionals' experiences of the joint agency approach investigation of sudden unexpected death in infancy’
Lambda sign in sarcoidosis using PET/CT
Authors: Thomas Joe , Shagos Gopalannair Santhamma , Firuz Ibrahim 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageLambda sign is a valuable sign in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, and FDGPET/CT has been used for planning therapy, monitoring treatment response, and for the follow‐up of patients with chronic persistent sarcoidosis.
C3 and C6 Modification‐Specific OYE Biotransformations of Synthetic Carvones and Sequential BVMO Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Caprolactones
Authors: Issa Issa S. , Toogood Helen S. , Johannissen Linus O. , Raftery James , Scrutton Nigel S. , Gardiner John M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe scope for biocatalytic modification of non‐native carvone derivatives for speciality intermediates has hitherto been limited. Additionally, caprolactones are important feedstocks with diverse applications in the polymer industry and new non‐native terpenone‐derived biocatalytic caprolactone syntheses are thus of potential value for industrial biocatalytic materials applications. Biocatalytic reduction of synthetic analogues of R‐(−)‐carvone with additional substituents at C3 or C6, or both C3 and C6, using three types of OYEs (OYE2, PETNR and OYE3) shows significant impact of both regio‐substitution and the substrate diastereomer. Bioreduction of (−)‐carvone derivatives substituted with a Me and/or OH group at C6 is highly dependent on the diastereomer of the substrate. Derivatives bearing C6 substituents larger than methyl moieties are not substrates. Computer docking studies of PETNR with both (6S)‐Me and (6R)‐Me substituted (−)‐carvone provides a model consistent with the outcomes of bioconversion. The products of bioreduction were efficiently biotransformed by the Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVase) CHMO_Phi1 to afford novel trisubstituted lactones with complete regioselectivity to provide a new biocatalytic entry to these chiral caprolactones. This provides both new non‐native polymerization feedstock chemicals, but also with enhanced efficiency and selectivity over native (+)‐dihydrocarvone Baeyer–Villigerase expansion. Optimum enzymatic reactions were scaled up to 60–100 mg, demonstrating the utility for preparative biocatalytic synthesis of both new synthetic scaffold‐modified dihydrocarvones and efficient biocatalytic entry to new chiral caprolactones, which are potential single‐isomer chiral polymer feedstocks.
Improving the performance of nadolol stereoisomers' preparative separation using Chiralpak IA by SMB chromatography
Authors: Arafah Rami S. , Ribeiro António E. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Pais Luís S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe pseudobinary preparative separation of nadolol stereoisomers is performed by simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB). Using the Chiralpak IA adsorbent, a new 25:75:0.1 (v/v/v) methanol‐acetonitrile‐diethylamine solvent composition was selected to perform the experimental SMB separation and compare it with the previous results obtained using pure methanol. Using a 2 g L−1total feed concentration of an equimolar mixture of the four stereoisomers of nadolol, the more retained component was fully recovered (100% purity and 100% recovery), with a system productivity of 0.77 g L−1 hour−1and a solvent consumption of 9.62 L g−1. Comparing these results with the ones previously reported using 100:0.1 methanol‐diethylamine solvent composition, this work shows that the 25:75:0.1 methanol‐acetonitrile‐diethylamine is a better alternative for the preparative separation of nadolol stereoisomers by SMB chromatography. These results are confirmed by simulation of the SMB operation for higher feed concentrations, by comparing the performances of the two solvent compositions using the data obtained experimentally through the measurement of the adsorption equilibrium isotherms and the kinetic data obtained for both solvents. The new experimental and simulation results stress out that the performance of the preparative separation can be improved by a careful selection of the solvent composition.
A Novel Architecture of Modified Turbo Codes with an area efficient high speed interleaver
Authors: Ilango Poonguzhali , Chokkalingam Arun 
Published: November 2018

SummaryModified Turbo Codes (MTC) is preferred over conventional Turbo Convolutional Codes (TCC) as they provide nearly the same performance but with the additional benefit of reduced decoding complexity. The Improved Low Complexity Hybrid Turbo Codes (ILCHTC) is a type of MTC, which achieves a Bit Error Rate (BER) performance near to Shannon's limit. This paper presents a high speed novel encoder structure called Enhanced ILCHTC and a high speed low power novel interleaver for the MTC and analyzes its BER performance. From the simulation results, it is observed that BER performance of Enhanced ILCHTC and ILCHTC with proposed interleaver is better and has high degree of error convergence and requires less than 50% of computations than TCC. From the synthesized results, it is observed that the computation time required to shuffle the bits by the proposed interleaver is 7.4% less than the time required by the existing interleaver. In addition, it is observed that the number of logic elements utilized by the proposed interleaver is 95, which is 8% less than the number of logic elements, utilized by the existing interleaver but the tradeoff is power, which is 1.63% more when compared to the existing interleaver. Thus, a high speed area efficient interleaver is proposed along with a novel encoder structure.
Clustering‐based approach for medical data classification
Authors: Kodabagi Mallikarjun M. , Tikotikar Ahelam 
Published: November 2018

SummaryMedical data records are growing enormously in present days due to the growth of various medical technologies and population of the globe. It is a difficult task for a medical expert to process these data records to identify and provide treatment regarding the disease of patient. Hence, it is necessary to automate the processing of such medical data using machine learning‐based Medical Decision Support System. In this proposed work, an Effective Fuzzy Rule Classifier (EFRC)–based decision support system is used for analysis of UCI medical dataset for identification of disease of patients. Initially, the method determines the best centroid value for each of the attribute using training dataset. Furthermore, the centroid value is refined using test samples. The refined centroid values of all the attributes are used by the fuzzy classifier for medical data classification. Experimental results have proven that EFRC performs better classification than existing systems in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Accurate counting algorithm for high‐speed parallel applications
Authors: Wang Junchang , Li Tao , Fu Xiong 
Published: November 2018

SummaryStatistical counter offers the appeal of an efficient and scalable counting mechanism on multi‐core architectures where parallelism has been increasing sharply. Statistical counter has been widely used in practice (eg, in high‐end network devices to count the number of packets received) despite the truth that it can only provide weak consistency guarantee on the counting results it returns, that is, statistical counter could miscount and the returned results may be inaccurate. As hardware and its parallelism advances, the miscount issue has raised concerns in both industry and academy. This paper is motivated by this real‐world miscount issue that we were facing when building a high‐speed intrusion detection system on a commercial multi‐core server with 40Gbps NICs. To tackle the problem, we first systematically analyze the miscount issue and quantify the miscounts in counting results. Then, we present a novel counting algorithm that (1) is competitive to statistical counter in performance on multi‐core architectures and (2) provides strong consistency guarantee on counting results returned. Experiments show that it takes the new counting algorithm 10ns and 1,500ns to perform an update and a read operation, respectively. Moreover, the counting results returned are accurate.
Cytomorphological features of high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma of the cervix following chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Serrano‐Arévalo Mónica L. , Flores‐Hernández Lorena , Villegas‐González Lidia F. , Zamora‐Zarco Sandy , España‐Ferrufino Alejandro , Lino‐Silva Leonardo S. , Barquet‐Muñoz Salim A. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCervicovaginal cytology as a follow‐up study in women with a history of a cervical carcinoma treated with chemo‐radiotherapy (CRT) plays an important role; however, the cytomorphological characteristics for the diagnosis of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H‐SIL) in post‐CRT patients have not been established. The aim of the study is to find the cytomorphological characteristics that support the diagnosis of H‐SIL by conventional cytology in these patients.Materials and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study from 2009 to 2015, which includes patients with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma treated with CRT, who all have cervix cytology for follow‐up and a later biopsy.ResultsWe identified 82 cases, where the most frequent clinical stage was IIA1 to IIB with 26 cases (61.9%), the most common symptom was transvaginal bleeding (64.29%). The cytological characteristics that were statistically associated with the presence of a positive biopsy were the presence of a hemorrhagic background (45.2% vs. 12.5%, P = .007), high cellularity (45.2% vs. 15%, P < .001), disposition in groups/sheets (69% vs. 22.5%, P < .001), postradiotherapy changes at the background of the smear (73.8 vs. 50%, P < .001) and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (100% vs. 22.5%, P < .001).ConclusionsIn patients with CRT, the presence of specific features can help the diagnosis of H‐SIL with excellent diagnostic performance.
Cell block cellularity: A comparison of two fixatives and their impact on cellularity
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda , Ang Jonathan , Alnijoumi Mohammed M. , Sohal Harijyot S. , Hammer Richard D. , Prabhakaran Nitya , Schmidt Robert L. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundAncillary testing including immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics has become an increasingly important component for the evaluation of cytologic specimens. Ancillary testing is important not only for diagnosis but also for predictive and prognostic evaluation. While a number of substrates are appropriate for ancillary testing, cell block specimens are commonly utilized and the success of ancillary testing depends on cell‐block cellularity.MethodsForty‐six pairs of cases each fixed in both formalin and CytoLyt were each analyzed by two evaluators for overall cellularity. Linear regression was used to assess inter‐rater reliability of cell counts for each method. Cellularity scores for each case were obtained by averaging the scores for each rater and cellularity was compared between the methods.ResultsInter‐rater agreement was very good for both methods. The coefficient of determination was 1.0 and 0.99 for the CytoLyt and formalin methods respectively. Cell blocks using the CytoLyt method have lower levels of cellularity than cell blocks performed by the formalin method.ConclusionsCell blocks prepared using a formalin fixative yield significantly greater cellularity than those produced by the CytoLyt method. Formalin fixation appears to optimize cellularity of cell blocks useful for ancillary testing.
Diabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Kalaitzoglou Evangelia , Fowlkes John L. , Popescu Iuliana , Thrailkill Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPersons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher fracture risk than age‐matched persons without diabetes, attributed to disease‐specific deficits in the microarchitecture and material properties of bone tissue. Therefore, independent effects of diabetes drugs on skeletal integrity are vitally important. Studies of incretin‐based therapies have shown divergent effects of different agents on fracture risk, including detrimental, beneficial, and neutral effects. The sulfonylurea class of drugs, owing to its hypoglycemic potential, is thought to amplify the risk of fall‐related fractures, particularly in the elderly. Other agents such as the biguanides may, in fact, be osteo‐anabolic. In contrast, despite similarly expected anabolic properties of insulin, data suggests that insulin pharmacotherapy itself, particularly in type 2 diabetes, may be a risk factor for fracture, negatively associated with determinants of bone quality and bone strength. Finally, sodium‐dependent glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk of atypical fractures in select populations, and possibly with an increase in lower extremity amputation with specific SGLT2I drugs. The role of skeletal muscle, as a potential mediator and determinant of bone quality, is also a relevant area of exploration. Currently, data regarding the impact of glucose lowering medications on diabetes‐related muscle atrophy is more limited, although preclinical studies suggest that various hypoglycemic agents may have either aggravating (sulfonylureas, glinides) or repairing (thiazolidinediones, biguanides, incretins) effects on skeletal muscle atrophy, thereby influencing bone quality. Hence, the therapeutic efficacy of each hypoglycemic agent must also be evaluated in light of its impact, alone or in combination, on musculoskeletal health, when determining an individualized treatment approach. Moreover, the effect of newer medications (potentially seeking expanded clinical indication into the pediatric age range) on the growing skeleton is largely unknown. Herein, we review the available literature regarding effects of diabetes pharmacotherapy, by drug class and/or by clinical indication, on the musculoskeletal health of persons with diabetes.
Abscisic acid stimulates the release of insulin and of GLP‐1 in the rat perfused pancreas and intestine
Authors: Booz Valeria , Christiansen Charlotte Bayer , Kuhre Rune Ehrenreich , Saltiel Monika Yosifova , Sociali Giovanna , Schaltenberg Nicola , Fischer Alexander W. , Heeren Jörg , Zocchi Elena , Holst Jens J. , Bruzzone Santina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsPrevious results indicate that nanomolar concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) stimulate insulin release from β‐pancreatic cells in vitro and that oral ABA at 50 mg/kg increases plasma GLP‐1 in the fasted rat. The aim of this study was to test the effect of ABA on the perfused rat pancreas and intestine, to verify the insulin‐ and incretin‐releasing actions of ABA in controlled physiological models.Materials and methodsRat pancreas and small intestine were perfused with solutions containing ABA at high‐micromolar concentrations, or control secretagogues. Insulin and GLP‐1 concentrations in the venous effluent were analysed by radioimmunoassay, and ABA levels were determined by ELISA.ResultsHigh micromolar concentrations of ABA induced GLP‐1 secretion from the proximal half of the small intestine and insulin secretion from pancreas. GLP‐1 stimulated ABA secretion from pancreas in a biphasic manner. Notably, a positive correlation was found between the ABA area under the curve (AUC) and the insulin AUC upon GLP‐1 administration.ConclusionOur results indicate the existence of a cross talk between GLP‐1 and ABA, whereby ABA stimulates GLP‐1 secretion, and vice versa. Release of ABA could be considered as a new promising molecule in the strategy of type 2 diabetes treatment and as a new endogenous hormone in the regulation of glycaemia.
Application of a molecular networking approach for clinical and forensic toxicology exemplified in three cases involving 3‐MeO‐PCP, doxylamine, and chlormequat
Authors: Allard Sophie , Allard Pierre‐Marie , Morel Isabelle , Gicquel Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUntargeted toxicological screening is an analytical challenge, given the high number of molecules and metabolites to be detected and the constant appearance of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The combination of liquid chromatography with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) in a data‐dependent acquisition mode generates a large volume of high quality spectral data. Commercial software for processing MS data acquired during untargeted screening experiments usually compare measured features (mass, retention time, and fragmentation spectra) against a predefined list of analytes. However, there is a lack of tools for visualizing and organizing MS data of unknown compounds. Here, we applied molecular networking to untargeted toxicological screening. This bioinformatic tool allows the exploration and organization of MS/MS data without prior knowledge of the sample's chemical composition. The organization of spectral data is based on spectral similarity. Hence, important information can be obtained even before the annotation step. The link established between molecules enables the propagation of structural information. We applied this approach to three clinical and forensic cases with various matrices: (a) blood and a syringe content in a forensic case of death by self‐injection, (b) hair segments in a case of drug‐facilitated assault, and (c) urine and blood samples in a case of 3‐methoxyphencyclidine intoxication. Data preprocessing with MZmine allows sample‐to‐sample comparison and generation of multisample molecular networks. Our present study shows that molecular networking can be a useful complement to conventional approaches for untargeted screening interpretation, for example for xenobiotics identification or NPS metabolism elucidation.
Movement responses to environment: fast inference of variation among southern elephant seals with a mixed effects model
Authors: Jonsen I. D. , McMahon C. R. , Patterson T. A. , Auger‐Méthé M. , Harcourt R. , Hindell M. A. , Bestley S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLike many species, movement patterns of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are being influenced by long‐term environmental change. These seals migrate up to 4,000 km from their breeding colonies, foraging for months in a variety of Southern Ocean habitats. Understanding how movement patterns vary with environmental features and how these relationships differ among individuals employing different foraging strategies can provide insight into foraging performance at a population level. We apply new fast‐estimation tools to fit mixed effects within a random walk movement model, rapidly inferring among‐individual variability in southern elephant seal environment–movement relationships. We found that seals making foraging trips to the sea ice on or near the Antarctic continental shelf consistently reduced speed and directionality (move persistence) with increasing sea‐ice coverage but had variable responses to chlorophyll a concentration, whereas seals foraging in the open ocean reduced move persistence in regions where circumpolar deep water shoaled. Given future climate scenarios, open‐ocean foragers may encounter more productive habitat but sea‐ice foragers may see reduced habitat availability. Our approach is scalable to large telemetry data sets and allows flexible combinations of mixed effects to be evaluated via model selection, thereby illuminating the ecological context of animal movements that underlie habitat usage.
Measuring heterogeneity in urban expansion via spatial entropy
Authors: Altieri L. , Cocchi D. , Roli G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe lack of efficiency in urban diffusion is a debated issue, important for biologists, urban specialists, planners and statisticians, both in developed and new developing countries. Many approaches have been considered to measure urban sprawl, roughly identified as chaotic urban expansion; such idea of chaos is here linked to the concept of entropy. Entropy, firstly introduced in information theory, has rapidly become a standard tool in ecology, biology, and geography to measure the degree of heterogeneity among observations; in such contexts, entropy measures should include spatial information. The aim of this paper is to employ a rigorous spatial entropy‐based approach to measure urban sprawl associated to the diffusion of metropolitan cities. In order to assess the performance of the considered measures, a comparative study is run over archetypical urban scenarios; afterwards, measures are used to quantify the degree of disorder in the urban expansion of three cities in Europe. Results are easily interpretable and can be used both as absolute measures of urban sprawl and for comparison over space and time.