bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWEAK/Fn14 disrupts Th17/Treg balance and aggravates conjunctivitis by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in allergic conjunctivitis mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Yuezhi , Fu Jingfan , Yin Xiaolong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) affects people’s daily life and work, especially the health of children. Although there are few relevant studies, Th17/Treg imbalance plays an important role in AC development. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of TWEAK/Fn14 on AC and Th17/Treg balance.

Methods
Ovalbumin induced AC mouse model was utilized to observe the mechanism of TWEAK/Fn14 in vivo. Conjunctivitis was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining and AC clinical score. Flow cytometry was used to measure Th17 and Treg cell ratios. The level of Th17/Treg balance related factors and Nrf2/HO-1 signal was detected by ELISA, WB, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results
In the AC state, disruption of Th17/Treg cell balance, increased TWEAK/Fn14 signaling level and conjunctival inflammation were observed. After TWEAK knockdown, Th17 cell differentiation was inhibited, Treg cell differentiation was promoted, and AC symptoms were alleviated in AC mice. Moreover, TWEAK knockdown caused an enhancement of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the AC models. Treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor reversed these changes induced by TWEAK knockdown. Therefore, TWEAK/Fn14 regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to affect Th17/Treg cell balance and conjunctivitis in AC mouse models.

Conclusion
In summary, TWEAK/Fn14 caused Th17/Treg imbalance by inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which might be one potential mechanism of the exacerbation of AC.
Bridging knowledge gaps: impact of remedial classes on first-year medical students in biochemistry – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hegde Shreelaxmi V. , Shetty Prajna P. , Senthilkumar Monikaa , Kandimalla Ramesh , Bernhardt Grisilda Vidya , Pinto Janita R.T. , Mahadevan Renukadevi , Kotian Shashidhar M. , Rashmi K.S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Remedial teaching is a tailored educational approach dedicated to enhancing the academic performance of students facing challenges within the curriculum. By identifying and addressing specific learning difficulties, it provides essential support and guidance to bring students closer to expected standards while preventing future setbacks. We hypothesize that underperforming medical students who receive daily, tailored remediation will demonstrate significant improvement in their formative and summative assessment scores in biochemistry.

Methods
A cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted on 56 underperforming first-year medical undergraduates to assess the effect of targeted remediation on formative and summative assessments in Biochemistry. Training sessions included various remediation techniques over six months. Post-remediation feedback was collected to gather insights into students’ attitudes, perceptions, and the effectiveness of the methods in improving their understanding of the subject. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the most effective remediation for student performance. Benefits and weaknesses of remedial training approaches for future application as perceived by the students were derived through deductive thematic analysis of their feedback.

Results
The mean marks, evaluated out of a maximum of 100, showed improvement from 29.86 ± 7.71 to 71.48 ± 10.19, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). From the students’ perspective, the most effective remediation method was grade incentives in formative assessments (odds ratio 6.19). Five major themes were identified: perceived barriers prior to remediation, positive outcomes and behavioral changes observed after remediation, and strengths and areas for improvement in remediation.

Conclusions
The study concludes that identifying underperformers in the early stages of the medical curriculum and providing them with tailored remediation can enhance their performance in exams. Grade incentives in formative assessments, mind maps, quizzes, quick revisions, and assignments were beneficial remedial tools. Targeted remediation proved advantageous for students in improving their academic skills, exam preparation, time management, and attitudes towards the subject.
Enhancing therapeutic reasoning: key insights and recommendations for education in prescribing
Authors: Hartjes Mariëlle G. , Richir Milan C. , Cazaubon Yoann , Donker Erik M. , van Leeuwen Ellen , Likic Robert , Pers Yves-Marie , Piët Joost D. , De Ponti Fabrizio , Raasch Walter , van Rosse Floor , Rychlícková Jitka , Sanz Emilio J. , Schwaninger Markus , Wallerstedt Susanna M. , de Vries Theo P. G. M. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Tichelaar Jelle ,   On behalf of the EACPT Education Working group
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite efforts to improve undergraduate clinical pharmacology & therapeutics (CPT) education, prescribing errors are still made regularly. To improve CPT education and daily prescribing, it is crucial to understand how therapeutic reasoning works. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the therapeutic reasoning process.MethodsA narrative literature review has been performed for literature on cognitive psychology and diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning.ResultsBased on these insights, The European Model of Therapeutic Reasoning has been developed, building upon earlier models and insights from cognitive psychology. In this model, it can be assumed that when a diagnosis is made, a primary, automatic response as to what to prescribe arises based on pattern recognition via therapy scripts (type 1 thinking). At some point, this response may be evaluated by the reflective mind (using metacognition). If it is found to be incorrect or incomplete, an alternative response must be formulated through a slower, more analytical and deliberative process, known as type 2 thinking. Metacognition monitors the reasoning process and helps a person to form new therapy scripts after they have chosen an effective therapy. Experienced physicians have more and richer therapy scripts, mostly based on experience and enabling conditions, instead of textbook knowledge, and therefore their type 1 response is more often correct.ConclusionBecause of the important role of metacognition in therapeutic reasoning, more attention should be paid to metacognition in CPT education. Both trainees and teachers should be aware of the possibility to monitor and influence these cognitive processes. Further research is required to investigate the applicability of these insights and the adaptability of educational approaches to therapeutic reasoning.
The use of patient-reported outcome measures to improve patient-related outcomes – a systematic review
Authors: Bonsel Joshua M. , Itiola Ademola J. , Huberts Anouk S. , Bonsel Gouke J. , Penton Hannah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide invaluable information on patients’ health outcomes and can be used to improve patient-related outcomes at the individual, organizational and policy levels. This systematic review aimed to a) identify contemporary applications and synthesize all evidence on the use of PROMs in these contexts and b) to determine characteristics of interventions associated with increased effectiveness.

Methods
Five databases were searched for studies providing quantitative evidence of the impact of PROM interventions. Any study design was permitted. An overall benefit (worsening) in outcome was defined as a statistically significant improvement (deterioration) in either a PROM, patient-reported experience measure or clinical outcome. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Healthcare Panacea Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
Seventy-six studies of the 11,121 articles identified met the inclusion criteria. At the individual level, 10 (43%) of 23 studies that fed back PROMs to the patient or healthcare provider showed an improvement in outcome. This percentage increased in studies which used PROMs to monitor disease symptoms and linked these to care-pathways: 17 (68%) of 25 studies using this mechanism showed an improvement. Ten (71%) of 14 studies using PROMs to screen for disease found a benefit. The monitoring and screening approach was most effective using PROMs covering cancer-related, depression and gastro-intestinal symptoms. Three studies found that the mere collection of PROMs resulted in improved outcomes. Another three studies used PROMs in decision aids and found improved decision quality.
At the organizational/policy level, none of the 4 studies that used PROMs for benchmarking found a benefit. The three studies that used PROMs for in-depth performance analyses and 1 study in a plan-do-study-act (PDCA) cycle found an improvement in outcome.
Studies employing disease-specific PROMs tended to observe improved outcomes more often. There are concerns regarding the validity of findings, as studies varied from weak to moderate quality.

Conclusions
The use of PROMs at the individual level has matured considerably. Monitoring/screening applications seem promising particularly for diseases for which treatment algorithms rely on the experienced symptom burden by patients. Organizational/policy-level application is in its infancy, and performance evaluation via in-depth analyses and PDCA-cycles may be useful. The findings of this review may aid stakeholders in the development and implementation of PROM-interventions which truly impact patient outcomes.
Insights from the 2023 International Veterinary Immunology Symposium: global perspectives at Kruger National Park
Authors: Capozzo Alejandra V. , Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Lemmer Yolandy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 13th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) was initially due to take place in August 2022, but as many things in our lives, the COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world two years prior, forced the organising committee to postpone the meeting until November 2023. As it is tradition, the veterinary immunology symposium was organised as a satellite meeting of the IUIS International Congress of Immunology, which in 2023 took place in Cape Town, and it is where veterinary immunologists from all over the world get together to discuss advances and challenges in the field of animal health. The 2023 International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) was held from November 17th to 21st at Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa. This was the first time the symposium was hosted on the African continent. This event gathered 210 veterinary professionals and scientists from 38 countries to discuss the latest advancements and challenges in veterinary immunology. A highlight of the event was that over 70% of the delegates were first-time attendees, contributing to the symposium’s global reach. The symposium featured a series of 83 oral presentations and 104 poster presentations, including topics relating to protective immunity, vaccine strategies, important disease targets, and methodological advancements in veterinary immunology. Workshops provided hands-on experiences and discussions on new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and vaccine development strategies against bacterial infections. The symposium also provided opportunities for networking and engagements with leaders in the field, set against the backdrop of one of Africa’s most iconic game reserves, enhancing the experience with a unique blend of professional exchange and natural beauty.
A multilevel analysis of student and school characteristics associated with 15-year-olds’ reading performances: a Southeast Asian perspective
Authors: Darmawan I Gusti Ngurah , Dharmapatni Anak Agung Sagung Sri Kencana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores student and school level factors associated with 15-year-old students’ reading performance in five Southeast Asian (SEA) countries. It investigates predictors of reading performance, including student gender, economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS), social well-being, and experiences of bullying at the student level. It also explores the school sector, school climate and the proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged students at the school. Using Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM), this study identifies significant relationships between these student-level factors and learning outcomes, illustrating the complex associations that shape academic success. The findings align with prior research, highlighting disparities in reading skills between genders and the negative association of bullying with academic performance. Additionally, the study emphasizes the positive association of ESCS and social well-being on reading achievements, underlining the importance of socioeconomic status and socio-emotional wellbeing in students’ learning success. The associations with school level factors vary across Southeast Asia.
Integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip systems for monitoring viral infections
Authors: Zhang Jiande , Kim Min-Hyeok , Lee Seulgi , Park Sungsu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip (OoC) models offers a promising advancement in the study of viral infections and therapeutic development. Conventional research methods for studying viral infection, such as two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models, face challenges in replicating the complex and dynamic nature of human tissues. In contrast, OoC systems provide more accurate, physiologically relevant models for investigating viral infections, disease mechanisms, and host responses. Nanobiosensors, with their miniaturized designs and enhanced sensitivity, enable real-time, continuous, in situ monitoring of key biomarkers, such as cytokines and proteins within these systems. This review highlights the need for integrating nanobiosensors into OoC systems to advance virological research and improve therapeutic outcomes. Although there is extensive literature on biosensors for viral infection detection and OoC models for replicating infections, real integration of biosensors into OoCs for continuous monitoring remains unachieved. We discuss the advantages of nanobiosensor integration for real-time tracking of critical biomarkers within OoC models, key biosensor technologies, and current OoC systems relevant to viral infection studies. Additionally, we address the main technical challenges and propose solutions for successful integration. This review aims to guide the development of biosensor-integrated OoCs, paving the way for precise diagnostics and personalized treatments in virological research.
Graphical Abstract
Contested future-making in containment: temporalities, infrastructures and agency
Authors: Scharrer Tabea , Lambert Laura , Millar Stefan , Pekşen Mert , Laakkonen Ville 
Published: November 2024

AbstractContainment, as a way of restricting mobilities, ranges from physical infrastructures to diffused control practices in everyday life. Alongside their physical, social, and political dimensions, such restrictions also engender various temporal borders and experiences of time particular to situations of containment. A prolific field of research has identified waiting and hope as strategies for both enforcing and surpassing containment. In response, anthropological research on future-making has highlighted a more diverse set of contextual and emergent practices that derive from imagining and realising migrants’ futures. Yet, in contrast to waiting, migrants’ future-making practices have seldom been related to containment. Besides containment informing future-making, migrants and control actors also manipulate time as they plan or experiment with futures to overcome or reinforce containment. Carrying elusive promises of a better future, containment infrastructures can also motivate migrants to stay put and accommodate restrictions to their mobility. This paper addresses how such different relational, often conflicting, practices of envisioning and realising migrant futures contribute to or subvert different types of containment. Building on empirical studies from Turkey, Niger and Kenya we suggest future-making as a relational, practice-oriented and contextual approach suited to trace the negotiation of migrant futures between migrants, control actors, and infrastructures in situations of spatiotemporal containment. We give special attention to resettlement as a form of containment due to its ability to limit mobility through promises of future mobility and its role in negotiating migrant futures. This article serves as a theoretical introduction into the emerging research field of contested future-making in containment and to the corresponding paper cluster.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in a prospective study of a cardio-oncology cohort
Authors: Jaber Chehayeb Rachel , Singh Jaiveer , Matute-Martinez Carlos , Chen Nathan W. , Guajardo Ana Ferrigno , Lin Derrick , Jayakrishnan Ritujith , Christofides Anthos , Leveille Etienne , Im Yunju , Biancon Giulia , VanOudenhove Jennifer , Ibrahim Eiman , Ardasheva Anastasias , Jha Alokkumar , Hwa John , Halene Stephanie , Kwan Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been shown to increase all-cause mortality and risk of cardiomyopathy in patients with solid malignancies. CHIP has also been shown to increase T cell activation in heart failure patients. It is unclear whether CHIP can affect the risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy.

Methods
We enrolled patients with solid tumors in a prospective study, determined CHIP status at time of enrollment through blood whole exome sequencing, and assessed incidence of ICI myocarditis from time of enrollment through December 1st, 2023. We performed a competing risk cox regression to evaluate the role of CHIP in ICI myocarditis, accounting for patient demographics, cardiac comorbidities, cardiotoxic cancer therapy, and dual ICI use in our covariates. We also generated cumulative incidence curves using subdistribution hazards to evaluate development of ICI myocarditis stratified by CHIP vs no CHIP. Chart review was performed to evaluate patient co-morbidities, lab values, imaging findings and outcomes.

Results
Among the 88 patients receiving ICI therapy, average age was 67 ± 14 years, of which 50% harbored CHIP variants. Among all comorbidities, including diabetes, heart failure and obstructive coronary artery disease, only coronary artery calcifications were significantly increased in patients with CHIP. There were no statistically significant differences in cancer therapy or cardiovascular drugs between patients with and without CHIP. Among examined outcomes, patients with CHIP had a statistically higher rate of ICI myocarditis (overall: 57%, CHIP: 73% (32/44), no CHIP: 41% (18/44), p = 0.003) and death (CHIP: 60%, no CHIP 31%, p = 0.011). In a multivariate competing risk analysis, CHIP status doubled the risk of developing ICI myocarditis, similar to the risk of dual ICI use (CHIP status HR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.44–5.22, p = 0.002 vs dual ICI use HR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.11–5.14, p = 0.026).

Conclusions
This study is the first to show that CHIP independently increases risk of ICI myocarditis, with implications for risk stratification of patients prior to ICI initiation and frequency of cardiac monitoring.
Delaying treatment for peritonitis could be related to longer hospitalization in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Koshitori Yusaku , Takai Nami , Isomura Yoshihito , Hiramatsu Tetsuaki , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Kim Hangsoo , Fukui Sosuke , Mizuno Masashi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
When peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis occurs in PD patients, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be started as soon as possible. However, medical attention may be delayed in patients experiencing minimal symptoms with cloudy PD fluid (PDF). This study investigated differences between the first and later episodes of peritonitis and relationships between interval from peritonitis onset to attending hospital and both duration of hospitalization and medical expenses.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 36 patients with multiple episodes of PD-related peritonitis among 125 patients receiving PD therapy from January 2016 during a 6-year period at a single center.

Results
In 50 episodes of PD-related peritonitis among outpatients, median interval from recognition of cloudy PDF to hospital visit was 4.0 h (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0–12.0 h). With the first episode of peritonitis, the median interval was 8.5 h (IQR 3.6–18.0 h), improving to 2.0 h (IQR2.0–3.3 h) with second and subsequent episodes of peritonitis after patients were provided with education in PD-related issues. Median duration of hospitalization associated with PD-related peritonitis was 16.0 days (IQR 14–22 days) when the interval to hospital visit was < 6 h, significantly shorter than the 20 days (IQR 16–39 days) when the interval from the patient recognizing peritonitis to hospital visit was ≥ 6 h.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that delaying the hospital visit might lead to longer duration of hospitalization, suggesting that effective educational approaches might be warranted to change behaviors during initial peritonitis.
Role of Cancer History in Cardiovascular Mortality Among Different Age-group Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Qiu Hongrui , Zhou Wenyi , Huang Qizhi , Lin Hongwei , Zhou Yubo , Wu Chaodong , Huang Yijie , Leng Jinhang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of noncancer-related mortality among differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) survivors, which accounts for a large portion of subsequent primary malignancies in childhood cancer survivors. This study aims to assess the risk of cardiovascular mortality among DTC as a second primary malignancy (DTC-2) patients compared with DTC as a first primary malignancy (DTC-1) and the general population.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we conducted a population-based cohort study including 159 395 DTC-1 and 20 010 DTC-2 patients diagnosed older than 30 between 1975 and 2020 and the corresponding US population (71 214 642 person-years; 41 420 893 cardiovascular deaths). Compared with general-population and DTC-1 patients, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of cardiovascular deaths among DTC-2 patients using Poisson regression. To adjust for unmeasured confounders, we performed a nested, case-crossover analysis among DTC-2 patients who died from CVD.

Results
Although DTC-2 patients had a comparable risk compared with the population (IRR 1.01) and a mildly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with DTC-1 patients (IRR 1.26), the association was pronounced among individuals aged 30 to 74 years, especially 30 to 44 years (DTC-2 vs population: IRR 8.89; DTC-2 vs DTC-1: IRR 3.00). The risk elevation was greatest within the first month after diagnosis, compared with the population. The case-crossover analysis confirmed these results.

Conclusion
DTC-2 patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Clinicians should carefully monitor CVD and manage other CVD-related factors, such as exogenous thyroxine and emotional distress, for DTC-2 patients, especially for those under 75 years.

Novelty and Impact Statements
This study is the first comprehensive investigation into the cardiovascular mortality of DTC-2, revealing a higher risk compared to DTC-1 and the general population, especially for cases between 30 and 74 years old. The risk elevation was greatest within the first month after diagnosis. These findings emphasize the restriction of thyroid hormone suppression therapy and reinforce stress management to prevent premature DTC-2 patients from cardiovascular death.