bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Janssen K P S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The introduction discusses the key objectives of the book, and provides information on the applied methodology and terminology, as well as the scope of the study. The book’s primary goal is to place investigate the way in which members of marginalized religious groups were embedded within, and interacted with, the wider legal and administrative framework of the Roman Empire, and thereby to provide a broader perspective on the legal treatment of marginalized religion in the Roman world. It seeks to do so by presenting an introductory chapter on Roman law and administration before delving into the treatment of divination, Judaism, and Christianity. The study is furthermore focused not just on legal measures in the strict sense of the word, but it also takes into account the entirety of the legal process, including the origins and implementation of such measures. In doing so, the goal is to firmly root our understanding of legal interactions between the Roman authorities and marginalized religious groups within their wider societal and historical context.
Roman Law and Administration
Authors: Janssen K P S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the workings of Roman law and administration in order to establish the institutional framework in which legal interactions between marginalized religious groups and the Roman authorities took place. It first discusses the sources of law that were available in the Roman world and establishes that regulations could be created in a variety of ways, an important number of which were both flexible and reactive in nature. Subsequently, the workings of different trial procedures are discussed, alongside alternative ways of maintaining public order. Finally, the chapter delves into the workings of Roman provincial administration, discussing the interplay between the emperor, governor, and the local population in particular. It argues that these levels of government were often highly dependent on each other, and that frequent negotiation and re-negotiation was therefore necessary. Roman administration, then, was characterized by a significant degree of flexibility, as well as a reliance on precedent and local custom that led to notable legal diversity within the empire.
The Onomastics of the Batavian civitas in the Context of the Latinization of Gallia Belgica and Germania Inferior
Authors: Raepsaet-Charlier Marie-Thérèse 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chapter has two parts. The first part describes the linguistic characteristics of the onomastics of the civitas of the Batavians (area of the Rhine and the Waal around Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in Germania Inferior) and attempts to define the status of the population (Roman citizens and peregrini) differentiating between civilians and military. The Latinization of anthroponyms can be seen alongside names in Celtic or Germanic languages. The second part provides comparisons with the onomastics of neighbouring communities (Tungri, Nervii, Frisiavones, Cananefates, Menapii) as well as the Treviri, in order to reach a differentiated picture of the Latinization of northern Gaul: the civitates with a Germanic ethnic element are more Latinized than those with a Celtic population, where the indigenous language remains strongly anchored in naming practices.
The Lady and the Beast
Authors: Whitehouse Deja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book presents a critical analysis of the life and works of Frieda, Lady Harris (1877–1962), wife of Sir Percy Harris (1876–1952), Liberal MP and party Chief Whip. Although Lady Harris is acknowledged as the artist of Aleister Crowley’s Book of Thoth, this monograph is the first academic consideration of Harris’s full contribution to Western esotericism. To date, studies have focused on Harris’s role as Crowley’s artist executant, and almost exclusively from Crowley’s perspective. As argued in this study, Harris’s involvement extended far beyond the artwork itself: The Book of Thoth was a collaboration in which each partner fulfilled a variety of roles, building on Crowley’s magical theories and practices and Harris’s artistic skills and social awareness that enabled her to promote and exhibit their work as it evolved. Harris’s life before, during, and after her collaboration with Crowley is presented. The book assesses the influences that drew her to Crowley, and the impact their partnership had on her before and after his death. Using a variety of contemporary and historical written sources, including diaries and personal correspondence, this monograph seeks to establish how such an ostensibly conventional Victorian middle-class woman, married to a prominent Liberal politician, became involved with someone of Crowley’s notoriety. The study is presented within the context of British social, cultural and art history, illustrating the actual and perceived changes in women’s status during the period 1877–1962, thereby contributing to gender studies as well as esotericism in general and Crowley scholarship in particular.
Conclusion
Authors: Whitehouse Deja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter consolidates the study, presenting an assessment of Harris’s formative years, her adult life prior to her meeting with Crowley, and her subsequent development spiritually and artistically as a result of their partnership. Her position as a middle-class woman involved in esoteric circles is considered and comparisons drawn with her female contemporaries, such as Annie Besant and Dion Fortune. Specific consideration is given to Harris’s position in society and how she was prepared to jeopardise her marriage and social standing in order to fulfil her commitment to Crowley and his Great Work. Conclusions are drawn on her contribution to Western esotericism and the mutual proximal significance from which both Harris and Crowley benefitted.
Equality of opportunity for timely dementia diagnosis (EQUATED): a qualitative study of how people from minoritised ethnic groups experience the early symptoms of dementia and seek help
Authors: Carter Christine , Roche Moïse , Whitfield Elenyd , Budgett Jessica , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Zabihi Sedigheh , Birks Yvonne , Walter Fiona , Wilberforce Mark , Jiang Jessica , Ahmed Refah , Dowridge Wesley , Marshall Charles R , Cooper Claudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
People from minoritised ethnic groups are diagnosed with dementia later in the disease. We explored pathways that may determine the timing of diagnoses in a UK ethnically diverse, urban area.

Methods
We conducted 61 semi-structured interviews: 10 community-dwelling older people from minoritised ethnic backgrounds with diagnosed and undiagnosed dementia (mean age = 72 years; males = 5/10), 30 family members (51; 10/30), 16 health or social care professionals (42; 3/15), 3 paid carers and 2 interpreters for people with dementia. We used reflexive thematic analysis and the Model of Pathways to Treatment to consider diagnostic delay.

Findings
We identified three themes: (1) Cultural identity and practices shape responses: gendered expectations that families relieve elders of household roles reduce awareness or concern when functioning declines; expectations that religious practices are maintained mean problems doing so triggers help-seeking. Second-generation family members often held insider and outsider identities, balancing traditional and Western perspectives. (2) Becoming like a tourist: daily experiences became unfamiliar for people developing dementia in an adopted country, sometimes engendering a need to reconnect with a home country. For professionals and interpreters, translating meanings faithfully, and balancing relatives’ and clients’ voices, were challenging. (3) Naming and conceptualising dementia: the term dementia was stigmatised, with cultural nuances in how it was understood; initial presentations often included physical symptoms with cognitive concerns.

Conclusion
Greater understanding of dilemmas faced by minoritised ethnic communities, closer collaboration with interpreters and workforce diversity could reduce time from symptom appraisal to diagnosis, and support culturally competent diagnostic assessments.
Menopause age and type and dementia risk: a pooled analysis of 233 802 women
Authors: Dobson Annette J , XU Zhiwei , Wilson Louise F , Chung Hsin-Fang , Sandin Sven , Van der Schouw Yvonne T , Demakakos Panayotes , Weiderpass Elisabete , Mishra Gita D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
It is not clear whether the association between younger age at menopause and increased risk of dementia is modified by type of menopause. We examined the association of age at menopause or hysterectomy with dementia risk in three groups of women: those with natural menopause, premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (surgical menopause) or premenopausal hysterectomy (without bilateral oophorectomy).

Study design
Individual-level data from 233 802 women in five prospective cohort studies (from four countries) were harmonized and pooled. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations of age at natural menopause, surgical menopause or premenopausal hysterectomy, with age at dementia, death (where available) or end of follow-up, whichever came first.

Results
The study followed women to the median age of 72 years (quartiles 67, 76 years). The median follow-up time was 13 years, with 3262 dementia cases during this period. Compared with women with menopause at 50–52 years, women with menopause &lt;40 years had a higher risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 1.56). This level of risk was comparable to that of current smoking and stroke, which are well-established risk factors for dementia. Increased risk of dementia associated with surgical menopause or premenopausal hysterectomy (compared to natural menopause) was not apparent after adjustment for age at menopause (aHR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.04 and aHR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.00, respectively).

Conclusion
Women who experience menopause before the age of 40 years have a higher risk of dementia irrespective of type of menopause.
Do MMPI-3 Validity Scale Findings Generalize to Concurrently Administered Measures? Validation with a Forensic Disability Sample
Authors: Holmes Kaci F , Whitman Megan R , Gervais Roger O , Ben-Porath Yossef S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research has demonstrated that over-reporting and under-reporting, when detected by the MMPI-2/-RF Validity Scales, generalize to responses to other self-report measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the same is true for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) Validity Scales. We examined the generalizability of over-reporting and under-reporting detected by MMPI-3 Validity Scales to extra-test self-report, performance-based, and performance validity measures.

Method
The sample included 665 majority White, male disability claimants who, in addition to the MMPI-3, were administered several self-report measures, some with embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs), performance-based measures, and performance validity tests (PVTs). Three groups were identified based on MMPI-3 Validity Scale scores as over-reporting (n = 276), under-reporting (n = 100), or scoring within normal limits (WNL; n = 289).

Results
Over-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom over-reporting on concurrently administered self-report measures of psychopathology and was associated with evidence of over-reporting from other embedded SVTs. It was also associated with poorer performance on concurrently administered measures of cognitive functioning and PVTs. Under-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom minimization on collateral measures of psychopathology. On measures of cognitive functioning, we found no differences between the under-reporting and WNL groups, except for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test–64 Card Version and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fifth Edition (each with negligible effect sizes).

Conclusions
MMPI-3 Validity Scales can identify possible over- and under-reporting on concurrently administered measures. This can be of particular value when such measures lack validity indicators.
Retainer Bias: Ethical and Practical Considerations for the Forensic Neuropsychologist
Authors: Goldstein Diana S , Morgan Joel E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How is it that practicing forensic neuropsychologists occasionally see substandard work from other colleagues, or more fundamentally, have such disparate opinions on the same case? One answer might be that in every profession, competence varies. Another possibility has little to do with competence, but professional conduct. In this paper we discuss the process by which retainer bias may occur. Retainer bias is a form of confirmatory bias, i.e., in assessment, the tendency to seek, favor, and interpret data and make judgments and decisions that support a predetermined expectation or hypothesis, ignoring or dismissing data that challenge that hypothesis ( Nickerson, 1998). The tendency to interpret data in support of the retaining attorney’s position of advocacy may be intentional – that is, within conscious awareness and explicit, or it may be unintentional, outside of one’s awareness, representing implicit bias. While some practitioners accept referrals from both sides in litigation, numerous uncontrollable factors converge in such a manner that one's practice may nevertheless become associated with one side. Such imbalance is not a reliable index of bias. With brief hypothetical scenarios, in this paper we discuss contextual factors that increase risk for retainer bias and problematic practice approaches that may be used to support one side in litigation, violating ethical principles, codes of conduct and guidelines for engaging in forensic work. We also discuss debiasing techniques recommended within the empirical literature and call on the subspecialty field of forensic neuropsychology to conduct research into retainer bias and other sources of opinion variability.
Biological effects of Maillard reaction products: Use of Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model
Authors: Yokoyama Issei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including melanoidins and volatile odor compounds, are associated with distinct flavors and colors during food processing and cooking. Although MRPs have health benefits, such as antioxidant activity, they are also associated with pathophysiological effects. Several in vivo models, especially rodents, are used to demonstrate physiological effects. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), an easy-to-rear free-living nematode with a short lifespan, has been used as a promising in vivo organism for the evaluation of functional properties in food components, including antiaging, antioxidant, and antiobesity properties. Furthermore, the high olfactory discrimination of this organism allows for the basic elucidation of behavior and regulation of aging. In this minireview, I discuss the various attributes of C. elegans that make it a promising in vivo model for studying the biological effects of MRPs.
Animal personalities influence male mating behavior and reproductive fitness
Authors: Li Ruonan , Yang Chen , Lou Yingqiang , Lü Jianhua , Lyu Nan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The relationship between individual personality and sexual selection has the potential to provide insights into how variation in personality traits is maintained. However, whether and how individuals with different personality traits have different mating behaviors and the fitness consequences has remained largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that male individuals have different mating behavior depending on their personality traits, and that there are fitness effects of personality traits. To do so, we conducted trials to quantify personality traits and observed mating behavior under standardized conditions in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). We also collected the number of offspring produced by their female mates to assess the association between male personality and their reproductive fitness. We found that male beetles showed consistent inter-individual differences in walking distance, emergence time from shelter, and death-feigning time, which likely corresponding to 2 personality traits of activity and boldness. Although larger males had higher mating success and produced more offspring, some personality traits were also strongly related to mating behavior and reproductive fitness. Males with longer walking distances tended to seek female mates more promptly. Other than the morphological trait of body size, the emergence time from shelter (boldness) also showed a positive relationship with the number of matings and offspring reproduced. Furthermore, we found that the interaction between death-feigning time and walking distance in males influenced the number of matings they obtain, with either shy but active or bold but inactive males achieving more matings. We therefore highlight that alongside morphological traits, certain personality traits can also play a role in affecting mating behaviors and even reproductive fitness in males.
Nonreproductive division of labor in staghorn ferns
Authors: Cronin Kahurangi , Hutton Ian , Burns K C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In complex animal societies, group members often subdivide labor by focusing on different tasks such as reproduction and defense. While division of labor is well documented in animals, little is known about whether colonial plants exhibit similar patterns in task differentiation. To help bridge this gap in our understanding of sociality, we investigated nonreproductive division of labor in the staghorn fern (Platycerium bifurcatum, Polypodiaceae), an epiphyte that forms colonies of many individual plants, which coalesce into a communal water and nutrient store. We conducted a series of field observations and glasshouse experiments to answer 3 questions: (1) Are individuals in the upper regions of colonies shaped in ways that facilitate the capture of airborne particulate matter (e.g. leaf litter)? (2) Do individuals at the apex of colonies decay in ways that inhibit the invasion of colonies by other plant species? (3) Does the anatomy of fronds at the bottom of colonies facilitate water storage? Results show that individuals at the top of colonies were larger and more lobed, which fostered the retention of leaf litter within communal nests. Plants located at the top of colonies also repetitively collapsed over the upper surface of nests as they decayed, inhibiting the germination and growth of foreign plant species. Lastly, individuals at the bottom of colonies produced thicker fronds with larger intracellular spaces, which facilitated the storage of rainwater captured above. Overall results demonstrate clear patterns in nonreproductive division of labor within staghorn fern colonies that are similar to highly social animals.
KTED: a comprehensive web-based database for transposable elements in the Korean genome
Authors: Lee Jin-Ok , Lee Sejoon , Lee Dongyoon , Hwang Taeyeon , Joe Soobok , Yang Jin Ok , Jeong Jibin , Ohn Jung Hun , Kim Jee Hyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
Transposable elements (TEs), commonly referred to as “mobile elements,” constitute DNA segments capable of relocating within a genome. Initially disregarded as “junk DNA” devoid of specific functionality, it has become evident that TEs have diverse influences on an organism’s biology and health. The impact of these elements varies according to their location, classification, and their effects on specific genes or regulatory components. Despite their significant roles, a paucity of resources concerning TEs in population-scale genome sequencing remains. Herein, we analyze whole-genome sequencing data sourced from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, encompassing 2500 Korean individuals. To facilitate convenient data access and observation, we developed a web-based database, KTED. Additionally, we scrutinized the differential distributions of TEs across five distinct common disease groups: dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, and cancer.

Availability and implementation
https://snubh.shinyapps.io/KTED.
Pf-HaploAtlas: an interactive web app for spatiotemporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genes
Authors: Lee Chiyun , Ünlü Eyyüb S , White Nina F D , Almagro-Garcia Jacob , Ariani Cristina V , Pearson Richard D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Monitoring the genomic evolution of Plasmodium falciparum—the most widespread and deadliest of the human-infecting malaria species—is critical for making decisions in response to changes in drug resistance, diagnostic test failures, and vaccine effectiveness. The MalariaGEN data resources are the world’s largest whole genome sequencing databases for Plasmodium parasites. The size and complexity of such data is a barrier to many potential end users in both public health and academic research. A user-friendly method for accessing and exploring data on the genetic variation of P. falciparum would greatly enable efforts in studying and controlling malaria.

Results
We developed Pf-HaploAtlas, a web application enabling exploratory data analysis of genomic variation without requiring advanced technical expertise. The app provides analysis-ready data catalogues and visualizations of amino acid haplotypes for all 5102 core P. falciparum genes. Pf-HaploAtlas facilitates comprehensive spatial and temporal exploration of genes and variants of interest by using data from 16 203 samples, from 33 countries, and spread between the years 1984 and 2018. The scope of Pf-HaploAtlas will expand with each new MalariaGEN Plasmodium data release.

Availability and implementation
Pf-HaploAtlas is available online for public use at https://apps.malariagen.net/pf-haploatlas, which allows users to download the underlying amino acid haplotype data for further analyses, and its source code is freely available on GitHub under the MIT licence at https://github.com/malariagen/pf-haploatlas.
MMOSurv: meta-learning for few-shot survival analysis with multi-omics data
Authors: Wen Gang , Li Limin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
High-throughput techniques have produced a large amount of high-dimensional multi-omics data, which makes it promising to predict patient survival outcomes more accurately. Recent work has showed the superiority of multi-omics data in survival analysis. However, it remains challenging to integrate multi-omics data to solve few-shot survival prediction problem, with only a few available training samples, especially for rare cancers.

Results
In this work, we propose a meta-learning framework for multi-omics few-shot survival analysis, namely MMOSurv, which enables to learn an effective multi-omics survival prediction model from a very few training samples of a specific cancer type, with the meta-knowledge across tasks from relevant cancer types. By assuming a deep Cox survival model with multiple omics, MMOSurv first learns an adaptable parameter initialization for the multi-omics survival model from abundant data of relevant cancers, and then adapts the parameters quickly and efficiently for the target cancer task with a very few training samples. Our experiments on eleven cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets show that, compared to single-omics meta-learning methods, MMOSurv can better utilize the meta-information of similarities and relationships between different omics data from relevant cancer datasets to improve survival prediction of the target cancer with a very few multi-omics training samples. Furthermore, MMOSurv achieves better prediction performance than other state-of-the-art strategies such as multitask learning and pretraining.

Availability and implementation
MMOSurv is freely available at https://github.com/LiminLi-xjtu/MMOSurv