bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Heterogeneous Nanopore Junction in Osmotic Power Generation
Authors: Li Hao , Xiao Feilong , Hong Gang , Su Jianjian , Li Ning , Cao Liuxuan , Wen Qi , Guo Wei 
Published: February 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionOsmotic power generated by mixing ionic solutions of different concentration is an underutilized clean energy resource that satisfy potentially the ever‐growing energy demand. For decades, substantial efforts are made to enhance the power density. Toward this goal, we once developed a heterogeneous nanoporous membrane comprising of heterojunctions between negatively charged mesoporous carbon and positively charged macroporous alumina to harvest electric power from salinity difference and achieved outstanding performance (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 12265). The heterogeneous nanopore junction effectively suppresses ion concentration polarization (ICP) at low concentration end, and consequently promotes the overall power density. However, to date, a systematic understanding of the role of the heterogeneous nanopore junction in osmotic energy conversion remains urgent and largely unexplored. Herein, we provide an in‐depth theoretical investigation on this issue with special emphasis on several influential factors, such as the ionic concentration, the surface charge density, and the geometry of heterogeneous part. To balance the suppression of ICP and maintenance of charge selectivity, we find that these influential factors in the heterogeneous part should be restricted to a specific range. These findings provide direct guidance for design and optimization of high‐performance nanofluidic power sources.
Analysis of acute myeloid leukemia incidence and geographic distribution in Canada from 1992 to 2010 reveals disease clusters in Sarnia and other industrial US border cities in Ontario
Authors: Ghazawi Feras M. , Le Michelle , Cyr Janelle , Netchiporouk Elena , Rahme Elham , Alakel Akram , Zubarev Andrei , Powell Mathieu , Moreau Linda , Roshdy Osama , Glassman Steven J. , Sasseville Denis , Popradi Gizelle , Litvinov Ivan V. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSeveral risk factors have been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemogenesis. However, the epidemiologic distribution and precise triggers for AML in Canada remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, demographic data for AML patients in Canada from 1992 to 2010 were analyzed using 3 independent population‐based cancer registries. The AML incidence and mortality rates were examined at the levels of province/territory, city, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal code.ResultsIn total, 18,085 patients were identified. AML incidence was documented to be 30.61 cases per million individuals per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.17‐31.06) from 1992 to 2010. Five industrial cities in Ontario were identified where incidence rates were significantly higher than the national average: Sarnia, Sault Ste. Marie, Thunder Bay, St. Catharines, and Hamilton. Analysis at the FSA postal code level identified significant patient clusters of AML in these cities. Specifically, FSA N7V in Sarnia, Ontario had an incidence of 106.81 (95% CI, 70.96‐161.86) cases per million individuals per year, which is >3 times higher than the national average. The pollution from local oil refineries and chemical plants in Sarnia may be implicated as a risk factor for AML in that city. Analysis of mortality rates at the province and city levels corroborated the findings from the incidence data.ConclusionThese results provide a comprehensive analysis of AML burden in Canada and reveal striking geographic case clustering in industrial Ontario cities and potentially implicate exposure to materials/pollution from these plants as an important risk factor for developing AML in Canada.
The central fibroblast growth factor receptor/beta klotho system: Comprehensive mapping in Mus musculus and comparisons to nonhuman primate and human samples using an automated in situ hybridization platform
Authors: Hultman Karin , Scarlett Jarrad M. , Baquero Arian F. , Cornea Anda , Zhang Yu , Salinas Casper B. G. , Brown Jenny , Morton Gregory J. , Whalen Erin J. , Grove Kevin L. , Koegler Frank H. , Schwartz Michael W. , Mercer Aaron J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCentral activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors regulates peripheral glucose homeostasis and reduces food intake in preclinical models of obesity and diabetes. The current work was undertaken to advance our understanding of the receptor expression, as sites of ligand action by FGF19, FGF21, and FGF1 in the mammalian brain remains unresolved. Recent advances in automated RNAscope in situ hybridization and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology allowed us to interrogate central FGFR/beta klotho (Klb) system at the cellular level in the mouse, with relevant comparisons to nonhuman primate and human brain. FGFR1‐3 gene expression was broadly distributed throughout the CNS in Mus musculus, with FGFR1 exhibiting the greatest heterogeneity. FGFR4 expression localized only in the medial habenula and subcommissural organ of mice. Likewise, Klb mRNA was restricted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh) and select midbrain and hindbrain nuclei. ddPCR in the rodent hypothalamus confirmed that, although expression levels are indeed low for Klb, there is nonetheless a bonafide subpopulation of Klb+ cells in the hypothalamus. In NHP and human midbrain and hindbrain, Klb + cells are quite rare, as is expression of FGFR4. Collectively, these data provide the most robust central map of the FGFR/Klb system to date and highlight central regions that may be of critical importance to assess central ligand effects with pharmacological dosing, such as the putative interactions between the endocrine FGFs and FGFR1/Klb, or FGF19 with FGFR4.
Unconstrained ear detection using ensemble‐based convolutional neural network model
Authors: Ganapathi Iyyakutti Iyappan , Prakash Surya , Dave Ishan R. , Bakshi Sambit 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a technique for ear detection from 2D profile face images that is capable of significantly reducing the false positives. In an ear biometrics system, recognition performance highly depends on the performance of the ear detection module. The trade‐off between the complexity and the false positive detection is one of the essential component, where the complexity of a system increases proportionally to achieve a zero false positive rate detection. In literature, available ear detection techniques based on handcrafted features face challenges with low‐quality acquired images affected by illumination, occlusion, and pose variations. We propose an ear detection technique using ensemble of convolutional neural network (CNN). The first part of the technique trains three models of CNN on a given dataset, whereas in later part, weighted average of the outputs of trained models is utilized to detect the ear regions. The used ensemble models show better performance as compared to the case when each individual model is used standalone. The proposed technique is being evaluated on two databases, viz, IIT Indore‐Collection A (IIT‐Col A) database and annotated web ear (AWE) database. Experimental results of ear detection demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique over other state‐of‐the‐art techniques in handling illumination, occlusion, and pose variations.
E‐maintenance platform design for public infrastructure maintenance based on IFC ontology and Semantic Web services
Authors: Hu Min , Liu Yunru 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAs an important kind of infrastructure, a tunnel's life is estimated to be 100 years or more. During its service life, an effective maintenance strategy plays an essential role in keeping its availability and safety. Maintenance work involves a set of participants, activities, and resources, and in this case, tunnel‐related data are distributed to heterogeneous information management systems in varying formats, bringing difficulties to implement effective maintenance. This paper proposes an E‐maintenance Framework for Public Infrastructure (EFPI), combining Building Information Modeling (BIM), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), and Semantic Web technologies to help integrate heterogeneous data and expert knowledge, enable information sharing through the whole life cycle, and support maintenance managers to make effective maintenance decisions. A cost estimation case is provided in this paper to illustrate the implementation mechanism and validate the proposed approach.
Laboratory Growth and Genetic Manipulation of Eimeria tenella
Authors: Pastor‐Fernández Iván , Pegg Elaine , Macdonald Sarah E. , Tomley Fiona M. , Blake Damer P. , Marugán‐Hernández Virginia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEimeria is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that contains a large number of species, most of which are absolutely host‐specific. Seven species have been recognized to infect chickens. Infection of susceptible chickens results in an intestinal disease called coccidiosis, characterized by mucoid or hemorrhagic enteritis, which is associated with impaired feed conversion or mortality in severe cases. Intensive farming practices have increased the significance of coccidiosis since parasite transmission is favored by high‐density housing of large numbers of susceptible chickens. Routine chemoprophylaxis and/or vaccination with live parasite vaccines provides effective control of Eimeria, although the emergence of drug resistance and the relative cost and production capacity of current vaccine lines can prove limiting. As pressure to reduce drug use in livestock production intensifies, novel vaccination strategies are needed. Development of effective protocols supporting genetic complementation of Eimeria species has until recently been hampered by their inability to replicate efficiently in vitro. Now, the availability of such protocols has raised the prospect of generating transgenic parasite lines that function as vaccine vectors to express and deliver heterologous antigens. For example, this technology has the potential to streamline the production of live anticoccidial vaccines through the generation of parasite lines that co‐express immunoprotective antigens derived from multiple Eimeria species. In this paper we describe detailed protocols for genetic manipulation, laboratory growth, and in vivo propagation of Eimeria tenella parasites, which will encourage future work from other researchers to expand biological understanding of Eimeria through reverse genetics. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Geminal Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites on MOF‐808 for the Selective Uptake of Phenolics from a Real Bio‐Oil Mixture
Authors: Jia Chunmei , Cirujano Francisco G. , Bueken Bart , Claes Birgit , Jonckheere Dries , Van Geem Kevin M. , De Vos Dirk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe capping formate anions of the metal–organic framework (MOF) zirconium benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (MOF‐808) were removed by a solvent exchange procedure, resulting in a formate‐free MOF‐808 sample containing “geminal” defects consisting of six coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUSs) on each of the Zr6 nodes. Adsorption experiments with this material showed that the uptake of 4‐methylguaiacol from a bio‐oil mixture was proportional to the number of defects and amounted to one mole adsorbed per mole of zirconium. The selective uptake behavior of MOF‐808 towards phenolic compounds was further evident from competitive adsorption experiments between furfuryl alcohol and 4‐methylguaiacol as well as from the excellent (20 wt % for phenolic compounds and <7 wt % for other compounds) uptake performance for real bio‐oil mixtures containing a large concentration and diversity of molecules.
Quest for Green‐Solvent Design: From Hydrophilic to Hydrophobic (Deep) Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Florindo Catarina , Branco Luís C. , Marrucho Isabel M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) consist of a mixture of two or more solid components, which gives rise to a lower melting point compared to the starting materials. Until recently only hydrophilic DESs were available, and despite their revolutionary role in the alternative‐solvents field, important issues in chemistry, and chemical engineering (such as water‐related problems and the replacement of toxic volatile organic compounds) could not be tackled. Hydrophobic (deep)—here in parenthesis due to the different depths of the eutectic melting points—eutectic solvents are a subclass of DESs where both components are hydrophobic. The low toxicity, high biodegradability, and straightforward preparation without further purification steps of naturally occurring low‐cost compounds are among the key advantages. Although research on hydrophobic DESs is scarce (the first report was only published in 2015), some interesting features and applications have been reported and deserve to be evaluated and comparisons established. This Minireview is divided into two parts: The first part provides a brief general introduction to DESs and the second part discusses the nomenclature using solid–liquid phase diagram analysis, chemical stability, thermophysical properties comparison, and finally the most important emerging fields of application.
Catalytic Performance of Nanoporous Metal Skeleton Catalysts for Molecular Transformations
Authors: Jin Tienan , Terada Masahiro , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNanoporous metal (MNPore) skeleton catalysts have attracted increasing attention in the field of green and sustainable heterogeneous catalysis owing to their unique three‐dimensional nanopore structural features. In general, MNPores are fabricated through chemical or electrochemical corrosive dealloying of monolithic alloys. The dealloying process produces various MNPores with an open nanoporous network structure by formation of concave and convex hyperboloid‐like ligaments. The large surface‐to‐volume ratio compared to bulk metals and high density of steps and kinks on ligaments of the unsupported MNPores make them promising heterogeneous catalyst candidates for highly active and selective molecular transformations. In this context, a variety of heterogeneous catalytic reactions using MNPores as nanocatalysts under gas‐ and liquid‐phase conditions were developed over the last decade. In addition, the bulk metallic shape and mechanistic rigidity of the MNPore catalysts make the processes of catalyst recovery and reuse more facile and greener. This Minireview mainly focuses on the catalytic performance of nanoporous Au, Pd, Cu, and AuPd with respect to the achievements on catalytic applications in various molecular transformations.
Cytological features of basal cell adenoma of salivary glands: Analysis of 19 cases emphasizing stromal spindle cells
Authors: Ishida Mitsuaki , Okano Kimiaki , Sandoh Kaori , Ebisu Yusuke , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundBasal cell adenoma (BCA) of the salivary gland is a relatively rare benign tumor. Although the presence of stromal spindle cells is a characteristic histopathological feature, this finding has not been the focus of much attention in the cytodiagnosis of BCA. Thus, we analyzed the cytological features of BCA, especially the presence of stromal spindle cells.MethodsPatients who were histopathologically diagnosed with BCA and underwent preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytological examination were enrolled in this study. The cytological characteristics including arrangement and shape of the neoplastic cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic features, and the presence of stromal spindle cells were reviewed.ResultsNineteen patients were enrolled in the study. The cytological specimens were cellular and composed of small or large clusters or both. The neoplastic cells had scant cytoplasm and small round to oval nuclei. Basement membrane‐like material was observed in 57.9%, and peripheral palisading was noted in 84.2%. Loose aggregates of stromal spindle cells were present in 63.2%, and the stromal spindle cells shown in the histological examination of 85.7% of cases were expressed in the cytological specimens.ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrated the relatively high frequency of stromal spindle cells in cytological specimens of BCA. This finding is characteristic of BCA, and therefore, the combination of cytological features, including packed clusters of neoplastic cells with scant cytoplasm and small nuclei, peripheral palisading, and basement membrane‐like material, and the presence of stromal spindle cells could increase the diagnostic success of BCA.
Female pups receive more maltreatment from stressed dams
Authors: Keller Samantha M. , Nowak Anna , Roth Tania L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effects of exposure to developmental stress often diverge for males and females. Using the scarcity‐adversity model of low nesting resources outside the home cage, our lab has discovered sex differences in both behavioral and epigenetic consequences of repeated exposure to caregiver maltreatment. For the measures we have performed to date, we have found more consequences for females. The reasons underlying this sex disparity are unknown. In the current experiment, we aimed to discern the quality of maternal care received by male and female pups in our model. As we have previously found more behavioral and epigenetic consequences in females, we hypothesized that females receive more adverse care compared to their male littermates. Our hypothesis was supported; in our maltreatment condition, we found that female pups received more adverse care than males. This sex difference in adverse care was not present in our two control conditions (cross‐foster and normal maternal care). These data lend support to the notion that one reason females in our model incur more behavioral and epigenetic consequences is a result of greater mistreatment by the dam.
Human exceptionalism, our ordinary cortex and our research futures
Authors: Finlay Barbara L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe widely held belief that the human cortex is exceptionally large for our brain size is wrong, resulting from basic errors in how best to compare evolving brains. This misapprehension arises from the comparison of only a few laboratory species, failure to appreciate differences in brain scaling in rodents versus primates, but most important, the false assumption that linear extrapolation can be used to predict changes from small to large brains. Belief in the exceptionalism of human cortex has propagated itself into genomic analysis of the cortex, where cortex has been studied as if it were an example of innovation rather than predictable scaling. Further, this belief has caused both neuroscientists and psychologists to prematurely assign functions distributed widely in the brain to the cortex, to fail to explore subcortical sources of brain evolution, and to neglect genuinely novel features of human infancy and childhood.
Chronology of reproductive investment determines predation risk aversion in a felid‐ungulate system
Authors: Crawford Daniel A. , Cherry Michael J. , Kelly Brian D. , Garrison Elina P. , Shindle David B. , Conner L. Mike , Chandler Richard B. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Fear of predators can behaviorally mediate prey population dynamics, particularly when predation risk influences reproductive investment. However, the costs of reproductive investment may mitigate predation risk aversion relative to periods when the link between reproductive output and prey behavior is weaker.

We posit that intensity of reproductive investment in ungulates may predict their response to predation risk such that the sexes increase risk exposure during biological seasons that are pivotal to reproductive success, such as the fawn‐rearing and breeding seasons for females and males, respectively.

We examined the activity patterns of sympatric white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a sexually segregated polygynous ungulate, and Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in the context of the “risky times – risky places hypothesis” and the reproductive strategy hypothesis. We compared detection rates and diel activity overlap of both species using motion‐triggered camera traps positioned on (n = 120) and off (n = 60) anthropogenic trails across five reproductive seasons.

Florida panthers were nocturnal and primarily observed on‐trail providing an experimental framework with risky times and risky places. Contrary to studies in other taxa inversely correlating prey reproductive investment to predation risk, the sexes of deer were more risk prone during sex‐specific seasons associated with intense reproductive investment.

Our results suggest spatiotemporally variable predation risk influences sex‐specific behavioral decision‐making in deer such that reproductive success is maximized.
Seasonal climate effects on the survival of a hibernating mammal
Authors: Falvo Caylee A. , Koons David N. , Aubry Lise M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change and associated regional climate variability is impacting the phenology of many species, ultimately altering individual fitness and population dynamics. Yet, few studies have considered the effects of pertinent seasonal climate variability on phenology and fitness. Hibernators may be particularly susceptible to changes in seasonal climate since they have a relatively short active season in which to reproduce and gain enough mass to survive the following winter. To understand whether and how seasonal climate variability may be affecting hibernator fitness, we estimated survival from historical (1964–1968) and contemporary (2014–2017) mark–recapture data collected from the same population of Uinta ground squirrels (UGS, Urocitellus armatus), a hibernator endemic to the western United States. Despite a locally warming climate, the phenology of UGS did not change over time, yet season‐specific climate variables were important in regulating survival rates. Specifically, older age classes experienced lower survival when winters or the following springs were warm, while juveniles benefited from warmer winter temperatures. Although metabolic costs decrease with decreasing temperature in the hibernacula, arousal costs increase with decreasing temperature. Our results suggest that this trade‐off is experienced differently by immature and mature individuals. We also observed an increase in population density during that time period, suggesting resources are less limited today than they used to be. Cheatgrass is now dominating the study site and may provide a better food source to UGS than native plants did historically.