bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computationally efficient algorithm to obtain an accurate and interpretable model of the effect of circadian rhythm on resting heart rate
Authors: Morelli Davide , Bartoloni Leonardo , Rossi Alessio , Clifton David A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective: Wrist-worn wearable devices equipped with heart rate (HR) sensors have become increasingly popular. The ability to correctly interpret the collected data is fundamental to analyse user’s well-being and perform early detection of abnormal physiological data. Circadian rhythm is a strong factor of variability in HR, yet few models attempt to accurately model its effect on HR. Approach: In this paper we present a mathematical derivation of the single-component cosinor model with multiple components that fits user data to a predetermined arbitrary function (the expected shape of the circadian effect on resting HR (RHR)), thus permitting us to predict the user’s circadian rhythm component (i.e. MESOR, Acrophase and Amplitude) with a high accuracy. Main results: We show that our model improves the accuracy of HR prediction compared to the single component cosinor model (10% lower RMSE), while retaining the readability of the fitted model of the single component cosinor. We also show that the model parameters can be used to detect sleep disruption in a qualitative experiment. The model is computationally cheap, depending linearly on the size of the data. The computation of the model does not need the full dataset, but only two surrogates, where the data is accumulated. This implies that the model can be implemented in a streaming approach, with important consequences for security and privacy of the data, that never leaves the user devices. Significance: The multiple component model provided in this paper can be used to approximate a user’s RHR with higher accuracy than single component model, providing traditional parameters easy to interpret (i.e. the same produced by the single component cosinor model). The model we developed goes beyond fitting circadian activity on RHR, and it can be used to fit arbitrary periodic real valued time series, vectorial data, or complex data.
Research on the Method that Improving the Space Headway Simulation Accuracy of Gipps Model
Authors: Sui Dongyang , Shang Tongfei , Li Bo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gipps model is a typical car-following model based on safe distance and is widely used in computer simulation. However, in order to avoid collision with the preceding vehicle, the model has strict restrictions on the following spacing, that makes the model has a certain error at the simulation of vehicle space headway in complex traffic environment. Due to that, based on the mathematical expression of the following spacing in Gipps model, this paper proposes a method of adding influence coefficient to improve the simulation accuracy of space headway. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method is proved by simulation experiments, and the experimental results illustrate that the simulation results of the improved model are closer to the field data in complex traffic environment than the original model.
Experimental study on long-distance SPAD-based VLC systems
Authors: Xue Jingshu , Zhu Yijun , Wang Chao , Zhang Dongfang , Mu Yu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Long-distance visible light communication (VLC) based on single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) can supplement the existing wireless communication mechanism in many senarios. Although there are many researches on VLC in recent years, the experiments on long-distance VLC are relatively scarce. In this paper, we use the experimental method to study the long-distance VLC, so as to apply it to two new application scenarios — VLC between buildings and in mountainous areas. A system model is established for both of the scenarios. Based on the model, a low energy consumption device for long-distance VLC is completed to realize the long-distance transmission of voice and data. At the end of the paper, we simulate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicate that the system is feasible to realize the duplexing voice and data transmission within the range of 2 km when the data rate is below 200 kbps.
An Efficient Message Filtering Strategy Based on Asynchronous ADMM with L1 Regularization
Authors: Zhang Jiafeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the increment of data scale, distributed machine learning has received more and more attention. However, as the data grows, the dimension of the dataset will increase rapidly, which leads to the increment of the communication traffic in the distributed computing cluster and decreases the performance of the distributed algorithms. This paper proposes a message filtering strategy based on asynchronous alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which can effectively reduce the communication time of the algorithm while ensuring the convergence of the algorithm. In this paper, a soft threshold filtering strategy based on L1 regularization is proposed to filter the parameter of master node, and a gradient truncation filtering strategy is proposed to filter the parameter of slave node. Besides, we update the algorithm asynchronously to reduce the waiting time of the master node. Experiments on large-scale sparse data show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the traffic of messages and make the algorithm reach convergence in a shorter time.
Associations between genomic ancestry, genome size and capitula morphology in the invasive meadow knapweed hybrid complex (Centaurea × moncktonii) in eastern North America
Authors: Lachmuth Susanne , Molofsky Jane , Milbrath Lindsey , Suda Jan , Keller Stephen R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlant invasions are prime opportunities for studying hybridization and the nature of species boundaries, but hybrids also complicate the taxonomic treatment and management of introduced taxa. In this study, we use population genomics to estimate the extent of genomic admixture and test for its association with morphology and genome size in a hybrid complex of knapweeds invasive to North America: meadow knapweed (Centaurea × moncktonii) and its parental species (C. jacea and C. nigra). We sampled 20 populations from New York and Vermont, USA, and used genotyping by sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in order to estimate genome-wide ancestry and classify individuals into hybrid genotype classes. We then tested for association between degree of genomic introgression and variation in a subset of traits diagnostic for the parental taxa, namely capitula morphology and monoploid genome size. Genomic clustering revealed two clearly defined lineages, as well as many admixed individuals forming a continuous gradation of introgression. Individual assignments to hybrid genotype classes revealed many advanced generation intercrosses and backcrosses, suggesting introgression has been extensive and unimpeded by strong reproductive barriers between taxa. Variation in capitula traits between the two unadmixed, presumed parental, lineages exhibited continuous, and in some cases transgressive, segregation among introgressed hybrids. Genome size was also divergent between lineages, although advanced generation hybrids had smaller genomes relative to additive expectations. Our study demonstrates deep introgression between the porous genomes of a hybrid invasive species complex. In addition to strong associations among genomic ancestry, genome size and morphology, hybrids expressed more extreme phenotypic values for capitula traits and genome size, indicating transgressive segregation, as well as a bias towards smaller genomes, possibly due to genomic downsizing. Future studies will apply these results to experimentally test how introgression, transgressive segregation and genome size reduction interact to confer invasiveness.
Nori Holdings v PJSC Bank and the tale of anti-suit Injunctions
Authors: Varesis Faidon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the issues arising out of the recent High Court judgment of Males J in Nori Holdings Limited et al v PJSC Bank Okritie Financial Corporation [2018] EWHC 1343 (Comm). Traditionally, English Courts and practitioners have been steadily opposed to the ECJ driven prohibition of anti-suit injunctions under the Brussels I Regulation regime. The crack to this prohibition created by Advocate General Wathelet in Gazprom was accepted gloriously across the channel. Males J in his judgment, however, critically addressed this opinion and seems to side with the ECJ’s interpretation even under the Brussels I Recast Regulation. This article considers Nori Holdings in the wider context of the remedies available to a court or tribunal when faced with torpedo or parallel proceedings. Finally, it considers how the situation might change and why this case could be important in a post-Brexit world.
Application of LC–ESI-MS/MS Method for Analysis of Escitalopram Oxalate in Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Badulla Wafa F S , Atkoşar Zeki , Arli Göksel , Şener Erol 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An effective and sensitive liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization tandem mass-spectrometric (LC–ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX), antidepressant drug in spiked human urine and pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, simple liquid–liquid extraction was optimized and used for extraction of cited drug from urine samples. The chromatographic separation was attained within 6 min including re-equilibration time by using gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase, Zorbax Eclipse RP C18 (50 × 2.1 mm) column was used with a particle size of 1.8 μm; the flow-rate was 0.35 mL min−1. Ion signal m/z 262.0 and 109.0 for ESC-OX product ions were monitored at positive ESI mode. Validation of the method was carried out according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines and EMEA criteria. The method was linear over 79−196,450 pg mL−1 with a regression of 0.9999 and 0.9993 for both standard and urine samples. The LOD was 3.88 and 10.66 pg mL−1 for standard and urine samples, respectively, while lower limit of quantification was 79 pg mL−1.
Radiofrequency ablation lesions in low-, intermediate-, and normal-voltage myocardium: an in vivo study in a porcine heart model
Authors: Tofig Bawer J , Lukac Peter , Nielsen Jan M , Hansen Esben S S , Tougaard Rasmus S , Jensen Henrik K , Nielsen Jens C , Kristiansen Steen B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsContact force (CF) between radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter and myocardium and ablation index (AI) correlates with RF lesion depth and width in normal-voltage (>1.5 mV) myocardium (NVM). We investigate the impact of CF on RF lesion depth and width in low (<0.5 mV) (LVM) and intermediate-voltage (0.5–1.5 mV) myocardium (IVM) following myocardial infarction. Correlation between RF lesion depth and width evaluated by native contrast magnetic resonance imaging (ncMRI) and gross anatomical evaluation was investigated.Methods and resultsTwelve weeks after myocardial infarction, 10 pigs underwent electroanatomical mapping and endocardial RF ablations were deployed in NVM, IVM, and LVM myocardium. In vivo ncMRI was performed before the heart was excised and subjected to gross anatomical evaluation. Ninety (82%) RF lesions were evaluated. Radiofrequency lesion depth and width were smaller in IVM and LVM compared with NVM (P < 0.001). Radiofrequency lesion depth and width correlated with CF, AI, and impedance drop in NVM (CF and AI P < 0.001) and IVM (CF and AI depths P < 0.001; CF and AI widths P < 0.05). Native contrast magnetic resonance imaging evaluated RF lesion depth and width correlated with gross anatomical depth and width (NVM and IVM P < 0.001; LVM P < 0.05).ConclusionsRadiofrequency lesions deployed by similar duration, power and CF are smaller in IVM and LVM than in NVM. Radiofrequency lesion depth and width correlated with CF, AI, and impedance drop in NVM and IVM but not in LVM. Native contrast magnetic resonance imaging may be useful to assess RF lesion depth and width in NVM, IVM, and LVM.
Cost of youth tobacco-control policies in seven European countries
Authors: Leão Teresa , Perelman Julian , Clancy Luke , Hoffmann Laura , Kinnunen Jaana M , Mélard Nora , Nuyts Paulien A W , Richter Matthias , Rimpelä Arja , Lorant Vincent , Kunst Anton E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Tobacco-control policies have been suggested to reduce smoking among adolescents. However, there is limited evidence on the real-world costs of implementation in different settings. In this study, we aimed at estimating the costs of school smoking bans, school prevention programmes and non-school bans (smoking bans in non-educational public settings, bans on sales to minors and bans on point-of-sale advertising), implemented in Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Portugal, for 2016.

Methods
We retrospectively collected costs related to the inspection, monitoring and sanctioning activities related to bans and educational activities related to smoking prevention programmes. We used an ‘ingredients-based’ approach, identifying each resource used, quantity and unit value for one full year, under the state perspective. Costs were measured at national, regional, local and school-level and were informed by data on how these activities were performed in reality.

Results
Purchasing power parities adjusted-costs varied between €0.02 and €0.74 (average €0.24) per person (pp) for bans implemented outside schools. Mean costs of school smoking bans ranged from €3.31 to €34.76 (average €20.60), and mean costs of school educational programmes from €0.75 to €4.65 (average €2.92).

Conclusions
It is feasible to estimate costs of health policies as implemented in different settings. Costs of the tobacco control policies evaluated here depend mainly on the number of person-hours allocated to their implementation, and on the scale of intervention. Non-school bans presented the lowest costs, and the implementation of all policies cost up to €36 pp for 1 year.
Restriction of plant roots in boreal forest organic soils affects the microbial community but does not change the dominance from ectomycorrhizal to saprotrophic fungi
Authors: Sietiö Outi-Maaria , Santalahti Minna , Putkinen Anuliina , Adamczyk Sylwia , Sun Hui , Heinonsalo Jussi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Boreal forest soils store significant amounts of carbon and are cohabited by saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). The ‘Gadgil effect’ implies antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and ECM. Plant photosynthates support the competitive fitness of the ECM, and may also shape the soil bacterial communities. Many ‘Gadgil effect’ experiments have focused on litter layer (OL) or have litter and root-fragments present, and thus possibly favor the saprotrophs. We compared how the restriction of plant roots and exudates affect soil microbial community structures in organic soil (mixed OF and OH). For this, we established a 3-yr field experiment with 3 different mesh treatments affecting the penetration of plant roots and external fungal hyphae. Exclusion of plant photosynthates induced modest changes in both fungal and bacterial community structures, but not to potential functionality of the microbial community. The microbial community was resilient towards rather short-term disturbances. Contrary to the ‘Gadgil effect’, mesh treatments restricting the entrance of plant roots and external fungal hyphae did not favor saprotrophs that originally inhabited the soil. Thus, we propose that different substrate preferences (fresh litter vs. fermented or humified soil), rather than antagonism, maintain the spatial separation of saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi in boreal forest soils.
Untapped sponge microbiomes: structure specificity at host order and family levels
Authors: Yang Qi , Franco Christopher M M , Lin Hou-Wen , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSponges are complex holobionts in which the structure of the microbiome has seldom been characterized above the host species level. The hypothesis tested in this study is that the structure of the sponge microbiomes is specific to the host at the order and family levels. This was done by using 33 sponge species belonging to 19 families representing five orders. A combination of three primer sets covering the V1-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA gene provided a more comprehensive coverage of the microbiomes. Both the diversity and structure of sponge microbiomes were demonstrated to be highly specific to the host phylogeny at the order and family levels. There are always dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (relative abundance >1%) shared between microbial communities of sponges within the same family or order, but these shared OTUs showed high levels of dissimilarity between different sponge families and orders. The unique OTUs for a particular sponge family or order could be regarded as their ‘signature identity’. 70%–87% of these unique OTUs (class level) are unaffiliated and represent a vast resource of untapped microbiota. This study contributes to a deeper understanding on the concept of host-specificity of sponge microbiomes and highlights a hidden reservoir of sponge-associated microbial resources.
Future Directions for Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Novak Ryan T , Ronveaux Olivier , Bita André F , Aké Honoré Flavien , Lessa Fernanda C , Wang Xin , Bwaka Ado M , Fox LeAnne M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, bacterial meningitis remains a significant public health problem, especially in the countries of the meningitis belt, where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. In 2014, MenAfriNet was established as a consortium of partners supporting strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor meningitis epidemiology and impact of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV). MenAfriNet improved data quality through use of standardized tools, procedures, and laboratory diagnostics. MenAfriNet surveillance and study data provided evidence of ongoing MACV impact, characterized the burden of non-serogroup A meningococcal disease (including the emergence of a new epidemic clone of serogroup C), and documented the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. New vaccines and schedules have been proposed for future implementation to address the remaining burden of meningitis. To support the goals of “Defeating Meningitis by 2030,” MenAfriNet will continue to strengthen surveillance and support research and modeling to monitor the impact of these programs on meningitis burden in sub-Saharan Africa.
Immune Correlates of Protection Against Human Cytomegalovirus Acquisition, Replication, and Disease
Authors: Nelson Cody S , Baraniak Ilona , Lilleri Daniele , Reeves Matthew B , Griffiths Paul D , Permar Sallie R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common infectious cause of infant birth defects and an etiology of significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. There is tremendous interest in developing a vaccine or immunotherapeutic to reduce the burden of HCMV-associated disease, yet after nearly a half-century of research and development in this field we remain without such an intervention. Defining immune correlates of protection is a process that enables targeted vaccine/immunotherapeutic discovery and informed evaluation of clinical performance. Outcomes in the HCMV field have previously been measured against a variety of clinical end points, including virus acquisition, systemic replication, and progression to disease. Herein we review immune correlates of protection against each of these end points in turn, showing that control of HCMV likely depends on a combination of innate immune factors, antibodies, and T-cell responses. Furthermore, protective immune responses are heterogeneous, with no single immune parameter predicting protection against all clinical outcomes and stages of HCMV infection. A detailed understanding of protective immune responses for a given clinical end point will inform immunogen selection and guide preclinical and clinical evaluation of vaccines or immunotherapeutics to prevent HCMV-mediated congenital and transplant disease.
Metabolic Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Who Carry IFNL4-ΔG and Achieve Sustained Virologic Response With Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Emmanuel Benjamin , El-Kamary Samer S , Magder Laurence S , Stafford Kristen A , Charurat Man E , Chairez Cheryl , McLaughlin Mary , Hadigan Colleen , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , O’Brien Thomas R , Masur Henry , Kottilil Shyam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundClearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in rapid changes in metabolic parameters early in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Long-term changes after sustained virologic response (SVR) remain unknown.MethodsWe investigated longitudinal changes in metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using a general linear model for repeated measurements at 5 clinical time points and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and IFNL4 genotype.ResultsThe mean LDL increased markedly during DAA therapy (pre-DAA, 86.6 to DAA, 107.4 mg/dL; P &lt; .0001), but then it decreased to 97.7 mg/dL by post-SVR year 1 (P &lt; .001 compared with DAA; P = .0013 compared with SVR). In patients who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele, mean LDL increased during treatment, then decreased at post-SVR year 1; however, in patients with TT/TT, genotype did not change during and after DAA treatment. The mean ALT and AST normalized rapidly between pre-DAA and DAA, whereas only mean ALT continued to decrease until post-SVR. Metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were similar by HIV-coinfection status.ConclusionsChanges in LDL among CHC patients who achieved SVR differed by IFNL4 genotype, which implicates the interferon-λ4 protein in metabolic changes observed in HCV-infected patients.
What Isn't a Norm? Redefining the Conceptual Boundaries of “Norms” in the Human Rights Literature
Authors: Jurkovich Michelle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhat makes the “norm” a distinct concept? How do norms differ from other aspects of the moral and social fabric of society? In this article I argue that imposing stricter boundaries on the norm concept could have significant analytical payoffs, especially in the human rights literature. Greater conceptual clarity on the boundaries of the norm concept highlights three important distinctions: the difference between norms and moral principles, norms and supererogatory standards, and norms and formal law. Clarifying what a norm is (and, importantly, what it is not) improves our analytic equipment and theories, but the inquiry is not purely a theoretical exercise. Clarifying the norm concept enables us to ask new questions about, and rethink old findings on issues like the role of shaming in human rights advocacy, the origins of norms and challenges to their construction, what constitutes evidence of the existence of a norm, and whether, in fact, all human rights have been translated into norms.