bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Driving Ability and Neuropsychological Test Performances after Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Egeto Peter , Badovinac Shaylea D. , Hutchison Michael G. , Ornstein Tisha J. , Schweizer Tom A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Guidelines on return-to-driving after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are scarce. Since driving requires the coordination of multiple cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor functions, neuropsychological testing may offer an estimate of driving ability. To examine this, a meta-analysis of the relationship between neuropsychological testing and driving ability after TBI was performed. Methods: Hedge’s g and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model. Analyses were performed on cognitive domains and individual tests. Meta-regressions examined the influence of study design, demographic, and clinical factors on effect sizes. Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Executive functions had the largest effect size (g = 0.60 [0.39–0.80]), followed by verbal memory (g = 0.49 [0.27–0.71]), processing speed/attention (g = 0.48 [0.29–0.67]), and visual memory (g = 0.43 [0.14–0.71]). Of the individual tests, Useful Field of Vision (UFOV) divided attention (g = 1.12 [0.52–1.72]), Trail Making Test B (g = 0.75 [0.42–1.08]), and UFOV selective attention (g = 0.67 [0.22–1.12]) had the largest effects. The effect sizes for Choice Reaction Time test and Trail Making Test A were g = 0.63 (0.09–1.16) and g = 0.58 (0.10–1.06), respectively. Years post injury (β = 0.11 [0.02–0.21] and age (β = 0.05 [0.009–0.09]) emerged as significant predictors of effect sizes (both p &lt; .05). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence of associations between neuropsychological test performance and driving ability after moderate to severe TBI and highlight moderating effects of demographic and clinical factors.
A nutrition education programme improves quality of life but not anthropometric status of adults living with HIV in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Temitope K , Gericke Gerda J , Maclntyre Una E , Becker Piet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:The focus of interventions for adults living with HIV (ALH) in Nigeria has been mostly on prevention and provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with little consideration to nutrition-related matters. Therefore, the present study aimed to improve the quality of life (QoL) and anthropometric status of ALH in Abeokuta, Nigeria.Design:A quasi-experimental design where 200 conveniently selected participants were stratified by gender and duration on ART. The intervention group (n100) received the nutrition education programme (NEP) for 12 weeks. The control group received a brochure on nutrition guidelines for ALH. Socio-biographical information, QoL and anthropometric status were assessed using previously validated questionnaires and standard techniques at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Generalised least squares (GLS) regression analysis was used for group comparisons. Anthropometric status was summarised by gender.Setting:Two tertiary hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria.Participants:ALH.Results:The NEP led to significant improvement in the physical functioning (week 12 and 24:P&lt; 0·01), role limitation due to physical health (week 12:P= 0·01; week 24:P= 0·002) and pain (week 12:P= 0·01) constructs of the QoL of the intervention group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference (P= 0·07) between the mean weights of the two groups at baseline.Conclusions:There was a significant improvement at week 12 and week 24 in the QoL of the intervention participants. The results indicated that a tailored NEP could make a positive contribution to the management of ALH.
The association between iron and vitamin D status in Arab adolescents
Authors: Masoud Mohammad S , Yakout Sobhy M , Al-Attas Omar S , Alokail Majed S , Al-Daghri Nasser M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Both vitamin D and Fe micronutrient deficiencies are common in Saudi Arabia but the association between them is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether Fe indices are associated with vitamin D status and other metabolic markers in Arab adolescents.Design:Single-centre, cross-sectional study gathering anthropometrics, glucose and lipid profile. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), Fe, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (%) and other parameters were measured.Setting:Vitamin D School Project Database, King Saud University (2014–2016).Participants:Arab adolescents aged 10–17 years randomly selected from the Vitamin D School Project Database (170 Saudi students; 100 girls, seventy boys).Results:Among Fe indices, only TIBC was found to be significantly and inversely associated with 25(OH)D (r = −0·20; P < 0·01) and only in girls (r = −0·20; P < 0·05). Among cardiometabolic parameters, serum Fe was associated with TAG in boys (r = 0·36; P < 0·01) and inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in girls (r = −0·29; P < 0·05). Age was the most significant predictor of serum Fe for all participants, accounting for 5 % (R2 = 0·05; P = 0·004) of variance perceived. Serum 25(OH)D and age, on the other hand, were the most significant predictors for TIBC, accounting for 10·1 % (R2 = 0·10; P < 0·001) of variance perceived.Conclusions:Among healthy Arab adolescents, the association between vitamin D and Fe indices, particularly TIBC, is modest, inverse and sex-dependent. Larger studies with inclusion of markers such as hepcidin and ferritin, vitamin D metabolites and endogenous sex hormones may provide a clearer view of this complex association.
Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond
Authors: Ophus Colin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used for imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials down to atomic resolution. Recent advances in detector technology and computational methods have enabled many experiments that record a full image of the STEM probe for many probe positions, either in diffraction space or real space. In this paper, we review the use of these four-dimensional STEM experiments for virtual diffraction imaging, phase, orientation and strain mapping, measurements of medium-range order, thickness and tilt of samples, and phase contrast imaging methods, including differential phase contrast, ptychography, and others.
THE AGE OF CONCERTED CULTIVATION
Authors: Manning Alex 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper I develop a race-centered, intersectional critique of concerted cultivation. First developed by Annette Lareau inUnequal Childhoodsto describe the dominant middle-class cultural style of parenting, this powerful concept continues to shape scholarship on parenting and the social reproduction of social inequality through culture and class. I critique and reconstruct this concept based upon: 1) Existing research on racial identity and racial socialization, and racialized parenting techniques, and 2) Alternative readings of selected ethnographic material presented inUnequal Childhoods. First, I argue that concerted cultivation is a racialized parenting practice and that families negotiate and navigate a complex race- and-class-based social context of childrearing. Second, I present a re-reading of excerpts fromUnequal Childhoodsto show how families of color, and in particular Black families, cultivate racial knowledge and skills in their children. Third, I make a case for the larger sociological usefulness of a layered race and class analysis of parenting culture, and argue that such a framework adds more depth to core arguments made by Lareau. In the last section, I discuss the social tensions that exist within concerted cultivation and intensive parenting culture. I reflect on possible implications for normative parenting culture that matches well with neoliberal market rationality, exists within racial capitalism, but at the same time connects to anti-racist socialization and rejection of hegemonic cultural ideologies.
Survival and development of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on sorghum cultivars
Authors: Duale A. H. , Reddy K. V. Seshu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurvival and development of Chilo partellus were studied on five sorghum cultivars (IS-18363, IS-18520, ICS-1, ICS-2 and IS-4660) in the laboratory at Mbita Point Field Station, Kenya, at 26 ± 2°C and 65 ± 5% RH. Larval developmental period differed significantly on different cultivars. Number of instars was numerically greater for the females than for the males on all cultivars. Average pupal weight varied with sex; females were twice as heavy as males. The pupal period was longer for males than for females on all cultivars, with the exception of ICS-1, where the pupal period of males was equal to that of females. Ovipositional period was significantly longer on IS-18520 (5.18 ± 0.30 days) than on other cultivars. The shortest ovipositional period (3.70 ± 0.27 days) was recorded on IS-4660. There were no statistically significant differences in adult longevity. Sex ratio of the moths also did not affect the adult longevity of C. partellus reared on the five sorghum cultivars. The variations found in the development of C. partellus on different cultivars were attributed to the nutritional value of the food source.
Field evaluation of four synthetic pyrethroids for their termiticidal efficacy
Authors: Prasad R. , Rao K. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate and cypermethrin were evaluated for their termiticidal efficacy in a graveyard test. Semul wood, Salmalia malabaricum veneers (size 15.00 × 6.00 × 0.06 cm) were impregnated with concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% aqueous solution of these chemicals. Fenvalerate provided 100% protection for 44 months at all three concentrations. Cypermethrin provided 100% protection at 0.50 and 0.75% concentrations, while permethrin and deltamethrin provided 100% protection at 0.75% concentration for 7 and 10 months, respectively.
Screening of Florida mango fruits from germplasm for resistance to immature stages of Caribbean fruit fly
Authors: Hennessey Michael K. , Schnell Raymond J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMature fruits from 21 mango, Mangifera indica L., cultivare grown in the Miami National Clonal Germplasm Repository were examined for resistance under laboratory conditions to identify those resistant (antibiotic or antixenotic) to the eggs and larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Leow). The bioassay consisted of artificially infesting a slice of fruit with eggs obtained from a laboratory colony and counting the adults that emerged. Emergence ranged from 26.6% (on Tobago Small Red) to 119.0% (on Sabre) of controls (on artifical diet). Tobago Small Red, Becky, Saigon Seedling, Zilate, Sandersha, 13–1, Keitt, Turpentine, Rumani, Tommy Atkins, Irwin and Peach had the highest level of resistance observed with less than 80% emergence. The most resistant cultivars are promoted to breeders and growers for production in areas under quarantine for Caribbean fruit fly.
Extracting Auroral Key Local Structures From All‐Sky Auroral Images by Artificial Intelligence Technique
Authors: Yang Qiuju , Tao Dacheng , Han Desheng , Liang Jimin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtracting auroral key local structures (KLS) containing both morphological information and spatial location from large amount of auroral images is the key for automatic auroral classification and event recognition and thus is very important for improving the efficiency of aurora study. However, it is labor‐intensive for human experts and challenging for computer execution because of the blurry boundary and inhomogeneous luminosity of aurora. In this work, we formulate the automatic KLS extraction to learn a mapping from an all‐sky auroral image to a KLS mask style with artificial intelligence technique. We explore the Cycle‐consistent Generative Adversarial Network to generate the KLS masks based on the unpaired training data set consisting of 2508 all‐sky auroral images observed between years 2003–2009 at the Arctic Yellow River Station, of which only 200 images were manually annotated as the ground truth of KLS masks. The extracted KLS are consistent with human visual perception, and the intersection‐over‐union metric is significantly improved by at least 17% than previous method by Niu et al. (2018) (https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2018.2848725). Classification accuracy has been improved when combining the KLS masks further indicates the effectiveness and value of this work.
A Comparison of Cross‐Track Ion Drift Measured by the Swarm Satellites and Plasma Convection Velocity Measured by SuperDARN
Authors: Koustov A. V. , Lavoie D. B. , Kouznetsov A. F. , Burchill J. K. , Knudsen D. J. , Fiori R.A.D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCross‐track ion drifts measured by the Swarm A satellite are compared with colocated line‐of‐sight Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) velocities in approximately the same directions. More than 200 Swarm A passes over four polar cap SuperDARN radars in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are considered. Overall, the Swarm‐based velocities are larger than the SuperDARN velocities; the slope of the best fit line to the data is ~0.67. Somewhat stronger differences are found when Swarm A measurements for the entire year 2016 are compared with SuperDARN vector data from global‐scale convection maps. Swarm ion drift data demonstrate known features of the high‐latitude convection patterns, for example, reverse convection cells at interplanetary magnetic field Βz > 0. The latitudes of the convection reversal boundary inferred from SuperDARN are found to be in reasonable agreement with those determined from Swarm A and Swarm B, with Swarm‐based latitudes occurring roughly 1° more equatorward, typically.
Salish Sea Response to Global Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Future Nutrient Loads
Authors: Khangaonkar Tarang , Nugraha Adi , Xu Wenwei , Balaguru Karthik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven annual occurrences of hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, and evidence of coastal acidification, the potential impacts of climate change on water quality are of increasing concern in the U.S. Pacific Northwest estuaries such as the Salish Sea. While large‐scale global climate projections are well documented, our understanding of the nearshore estuarine‐scale response is not as well developed. In this study, the future response within the Salish Sea fjord‐like environment was examined using the Salish Sea Model driven by downscaled outputs from the National Center for Atmospheric Research climate model Community Earth System Model. We simulated a single projection of 95‐year change under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Results indicate that higher temperatures, lower pH, and decreased dissolved oxygen levels in the upwelled shelf waters in the future would propagate into the Salish Sea. Results point to potential changes in average Salish Sea temperature (≈+1.51 °C), dissolved oxygen (≈−0.77 mg/L), and pH (acidification −0.18 units) in the Y2095 relative to historical Y2000. The algal biomass in the Salish Sea could increase by ≈23% with a potential species shift from diatoms toward dinoflagellates. The region of annually recurring hypoxia could increase from <1% today to ≈16% in the future. The results suggest that the future response in the Salish Sea is less severe relative to the change predicted near the continental shelf boundary. This resilience of the Salish Sea may be attributed to the existence of strong vertical circulation cells that provide mitigation and serve as a physical buffer, thus keeping waters cooler, more oxygenated, and less acidic.
Modeling the 1783–1784 Laki Eruption in Iceland: 1. Aerosol Evolution and Global Stratospheric Circulation Impacts
Authors: Zambri Brian , Robock Alan , Mills Michael J. , Schmidt Anja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 1783–1784 CE Laki flood lava eruption began on 8 June 1783. Over the course of 8 months, the eruption released approximately 122 Tg of sulfur dioxide gas into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere above Iceland. Previous studies that have examined the impact of the Laki eruption on sulfate aerosol and climate have either used an aerosol model coupled off‐line to a general circulation model (GCM) or used a GCM with incomplete aerosol microphysics. Here, we study the impact on stratospheric aerosol evolution and stratospheric and tropospheric circulation using a fully coupled GCM with complete aerosol microphysics, the Community Earth System Model version 1, with the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model high‐top atmosphere component. Simulations indicate that the Laki aerosols had peak average effective radii of approximately 0.4 μm in Northern Hemisphere (NH) middle and high latitudes, with peak average effective radii of 0.25 μm in NH tropics and 0.2 μm in the Southern Hemisphere. We find that the Laki aerosols are transported globally and have significant impacts on the circulation in both hemispheres, strengthening the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex and shifting the tropospheric NH subtropical jet equatorward.
The Long‐Term Trends of Nocturnal Mesopause Temperature and Altitude Revealed by Na Lidar Observations Between 1990 and 2018 at Midlatitude
Authors: Yuan Tao , Solomon S. C. , She C.‐Y. , Krueger D. A. , Liu H.‐L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mesopause, a boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere with the coldest atmospheric temperature, is formed mainly by the combining effects of radiative cooling of CO2, and the vertical adiabatic flow in the upper atmosphere. A continuous multidecade (1990‐2018) nocturnal temperature data base of an advanced Na lidar, obtained at Fort Collins, CO (41°N, 105°W), and at Logan, UT (42°N, 112°W), provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the long‐term variations of this important atmospheric boundary. In this study, we categorize the lidar‐observed mesopause into two categories: the “high mesopause” (HM) above 97 km during nonsummer months, mainly formed through the radiative cooling, and the “low mesopause” (LM) below 92 km during nonwinter months, generated mostly by the adiabatic cooling. These lidar observations reveal a cooling trend of more than 2 K/decade in absolute mesopause temperature since 1990, along with a decreasing trend in mesopause height: The HM is moving downward at a speed of ~ 450 ± 90 m/decade, while the LM has a slower downward trend of ~ 130 ± 160 m/decade. However, since 2000, while the height trend (‐ 470 ± 160 m/decade for the HM and 150 ± 290 m/decade for the LM) is consistent, the temperature trend becomes statistically insignificant (‐ 0.2 ± 0.7 K/decade and ‐1 ± 0.9 K/decade for the HM and the LM, respectively). A long‐term study by Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) also indicated the similar mesopause changes, mostly caused by stratosphere‐lower mesosphere cooling and contraction.
Thirty Years of Regional Climate Modeling: Where Are We and Where Are We Going next?
Authors: Giorgi Filippo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe year 2019 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the development of the first regional climate model (RCM), and here an overview is provided of the progress in regional modeling research and of the main challenges lying ahead. RCMs were primarily developed to provide fine‐scale climate information for impact studies, but they have evolved into general and multipurpose modeling tools. Among the main achievements in RCM research the focus is on: the development of community RCMs applicable to a wide variety of studies and regional contexts; the increase of model simulation length up to centennial scales and spatial resolutions up to convection‐permitting scales (few kilometers), leading to a better understanding of regional to local climate change signals; the development of fully coupled Regional Earth System Models; the inception of intercomparison projects culminating in the international Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment; the extensive use of RCM simulations for impact assessments; and the involvement of the scientific community from developing countries in climate modeling research. Among the outstanding issues in need of more attention are the Added Value of using this downscaling technique; various technical aspects concerning RCM simulations; and uncertainties in RCM‐based climate projections. Future directions in RCM research are discussed, with highlight on: transition to convection‐permitting modeling systems; further development of Regional Earth System Models including the human component; next phase of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment project; and use of RCMs in the distillation of actionable information for contribution to climate service activities. A brief historical overview of regional climate modeling is also presented.
Electron‐Driven Dissipation in a Tailward Flow Burst
Authors: Chen Z. Z. , Fu H. S. , Liu C. M. , Wang T. Y. , Ergun R. E. , Cozzani G. , Huang S. Y. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Le Contel O. , Giles B. L. , Burch J. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTraditionally, the magnetotail flow burst outside the diffusion region is known to carry ions and electrons together (Vi = Ve), with the frozen‐in condition well satisfied (E + Ve × B = 0). Such picture, however, may not be true, based on our analyses of the high‐resolution MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale mission) data. We find that inside the flow burst the electrons and ions can be decoupled (Ve ≠ Vi), with the electron speed 5 times larger than the ion speed. Such super‐Alfvenic electron jet, having scale of 10 di (ion inertial length) in XGSM direction, is associated with electron demagnetization (E + Ve × B ≠ 0), electron agyrotropy (crescent distribution), and O‐line magnetic topology but not associated with the flow reversal and X‐line topology; it can cause strong energy dissipation and electron heating. We quantitatively analyze the dissipation and find that it is primarily attributed to lower hybrid drift waves. These results emphasize the non‐MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) behaviors of magnetotail flow bursts and the role of lower hybrid drift waves in dissipating energies.
Whistler Waves Driven by Field‐Aligned Streaming Electrons in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Ren Y. , Dai L. , Li W. , Tao X. , Wang C. , Tang B. , Lavraud B. , Wu Y. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Le Contel O. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe analyze Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission observations of whistler waves and associated electron field‐aligned crescent distribution in the vicinity of the magnetotail near‐Earth X‐line. The whistler waves propagate outward from the X‐line in the neutral sheet. The associated field‐aligned streaming electrons exhibit a crescent‐like shape, with an inverse slope (df/d|v|||>0) at 1–5 keV. The parallel phase velocity of the waves is in the range (1–5 keV) of the inverse slope of the field‐aligned crescents in the velocity space. We demonstrate that the observed whistler waves are driven by the electron field‐aligned crescents through Landau resonance. The cyclotron resonance is at the high‐energy tail with negligible free energy of pitch angle anisotropy in these events.