bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Muscle Wasting via IL-6 Regulation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Atrogin-1
Authors: Radigan Kathryn A. , Nicholson Trevor T. , Welch Lynn C. , Chi Monica , Amarelle Luciano , Angulo Martín , Shigemura Masahiko , Shigemura Atsuko , Runyan Constance E. , Morales-Nebreda Luisa , Perlman Harris , Ceco Ermelinda , Lecuona Emilia , Dada Laura A. , Misharin Alexander V. , Mutlu Gokhan M. , Sznajder Jacob I. , Budinger G. R. Scott 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Muscle dysfunction is common in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome and is associated with morbidity that can persist for years after discharge. In a mouse model of severe influenza A pneumonia, we found the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 was necessary for the development of muscle dysfunction. Treatment with a Food and Drug Administration–approved Ab antagonist to the IL-6R (tocilizumab) attenuated the severity of influenza A–induced muscle dysfunction. In cultured myotubes, IL-6 promoted muscle degradation via JAK/STAT, FOXO3a, and atrogin-1 upregulation. Consistent with these findings, atrogin-1+/− and atrogin-1−/− mice had attenuated muscle dysfunction following influenza infection. Our data suggest that inflammatory endocrine signals originating from the injured lung activate signaling pathways in the muscle that induce dysfunction. Inhibiting these pathways may limit morbidity in patients with influenza A pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Relationship Between Approved Clinical Instructors' Assessment of Athletic Training Student Clinical Performance and Their Clinical Grade
Authors: Ambegaonkar Jatin P. , Caswell Shane , Caswell Amanda 
Published: December 2018

Context: Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) are integral to athletic training students' professional development. ACIs evaluate student clinical performance using assessment tools provided by educational programs. How ACI ratings of a student's clinical performance relate to their clinical grade remains unclear.
Objective: To examine relationships between ACI evaluations of student clinical performance using an athletic training-specific inventory (Athletic Training Clinical Performance Inventory; ATCPI) and the student's clinical grade (CG) over a clinical experience.
Design: Correlational.
Setting: Large metropolitan university.
Participants: 48 ACIs (M=20; F=28; Certified for 7.5+3.2yrs; ACIs for 3.2+1.5yrs) evaluating 62 undergraduate students (M=20; F=42).
Interventions: ACIs completed the ATCPI twice (mid-semester, and end-of semester) during their student's clinical experience. The ATCPI is a 21-item instrument: Items 1–20 assess the student's clinical performance based on specific constructs (Specific) and item 21 is a rating of the student's overall clinical performance (Overall). ACIs also assigned students a clinical grade (CG). Pearson product-moment correlations examined relationships between Specific, Overall, and CG, with separate paired t-tests examining differences (p&lt;.05).
Main Outcome Measures: The ATCPI used a 4-point Likert-type scale anchored by 1 (Rarely) and 4 (Consistently), and CG (A=4, B=3, C=2 D =1, 0=F).
Results: Two-hundred and sixty-six ATCPI instruments were completed over 4 academic years. The ATCPI demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.88). All three measures were positively correlated (Specific and Overall, r(264)=.65, P &lt;.001; Specific and CG r(264)=.63, P &lt;.001; Overall and CG r(264)=.55, P&lt;.001). No differences existed between Specific (3.5±0.4) and CG (3.5±0.7; t=.60, P =.55). However, Overall (3.6±0.7) was significantly higher than both Specific (t=−3.45, P&lt;.000) and CG (t=2.05, P =.04).
Conclusions: ACIs reliably assessed students' specific clinical performance and provided a relatively accurate grade. However, since the overall scores were higher than specific item scores, ACIs overestimated students' overall clinical performance. Additional research is necessary to examine the ATCPI as an assessment tool across multiple institutions and to determine how other variables affect ACI assessments of student performance.
The Effect of Self-Reported Efficacy on Clinical Skill Performance
Authors: Bobo Linda , Benson Amanda A. , Green Michael 
Published: December 2018

Context: Self-efficacy can enhance an individual's perception of their ability to perform a challenging task.
Objective: To determine whether repeated performance of a skill would improve students' self-efficacy across a range of academic classifications.
Design: Cohort study.
Setting: Graduate and undergraduate professional athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education.
Participants: Twenty-seven athletic training students (sophomores, n = 10; juniors, n = 10; graduate, n = 7).
Intervention: We assessed participants within one day of performing a psychomotor clinical skill (PCS) of joint mobilizations or an upper quarter screen before (PCS1) and after (PCS2) a video intervention. The video that provided augmented feedback was viewed between PCS1 and PCS2.
Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included self-efficacy scores from the Clinical Skill Performance Self-Efficacy Form assessed over five time points throughout the learning period, PCS performance scores pre- and post-intervention, and the correlation between these measures.
Results: Following the intervention, PCS performance significantly improved in sophomores and juniors (Bonferonni post-hoc, P &lt; .001); graduate students performed at a similar high level on PCS1 and PCS2 (Bonferonni post-hoc, P = .72). Academic classification affected baseline self-efficacy with graduate students reporting higher self-efficacy compared to sophomores (9.7 ± 4.1) and juniors (19.1 ± 4.1) (Bonferroni posthoc, P &lt; .001). All groups experienced an increase in self-efficacy ahead of PCS1 with sophomores displaying a further increase between PCS1 and PCS2. With combined participants, we noted a positive correlation between self-efficacy assessed immediately following PCS1 and performance on PCS1 (r = 0.502, P = 0.007), and between relative increases in self-efficacy assessed immediately after PCS performance and relative increases in performance from PCS1 to PCS2 (r = 0.533, P = 0.02). Conclusions: The intervention positively affected performance in those who initially scored low. Students who reported higher degrees of self-efficacy immediately after the first PCS performance also performed better on this PCS. Student self-efficacy and PCS skill performance can be improved with the use of video feedback.
The impact of multi-species surface chemical observation assimilation on air quality forecasts in China
Authors: Peng Zhen , Lei Lili , Liu Zhiquan , Sun Jianning , Ding Aijun , Ban Junmei , Chen Dan , Kou Xingxia , Chu Kekuan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. An ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation (DA) system has been
developed to improve air quality forecasts using surface measurements of
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO together
with an online regional chemical transport model, WRF-Chem (Weather Research
and Forecasting with Chemistry). This DA system was applied to simultaneously
adjust the chemical initial conditions (ICs) and emission inputs of the
species affecting PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,
O3, and CO concentrations during an extreme haze episode that occurred in early
October 2014 over East Asia. Numerical experimental results indicate that
ICs played key roles in PM2.5, PM10 and CO forecasts during the
severe haze episode over the North China Plain. The 72 h verification
forecasts with the optimized ICs and emissions performed very similarly to
the verification forecasts with only optimized ICs and the prescribed
emissions. For the first-day forecast, near-perfect verification forecasts
results were achieved. However, with longer-range forecasts, the DA impacts
decayed quickly. For the SO2 verification forecasts, it was efficient
to improve the SO2 forecast via the joint adjustment of SO2
ICs and emissions. Large improvements were achieved for SO2 forecasts
with both the optimized ICs and emissions for the whole 72 h forecast range.
Similar improvements were achieved for SO2 forecasts with optimized
ICs only for the first 3 h, and then the impact of the ICs decayed
quickly. For the NO2 verification forecasts, both forecasts performed
much worse than the control run without DA. Plus, the 72 h O3
verification forecasts performed worse than the control run during the
daytime, due to the worse performance of the NO2 forecasts, even
though they performed better at night. However, relatively favorable
NO2 and O3 forecast results were achieved for the Yangtze
River delta and Pearl River delta regions.
Analysis of a warehouse fire smoke plume over Paris with an N2 Raman lidar and an optical thickness matching algorithm
Authors: Shang Xiaoxia , Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A smoke plume, coming from an accidental fire in a textile
warehouse in the north of Paris, covered a significant part of the Paris area
on 17 April 2015 and seriously impacted the visibility over the megalopolis.
This exceptional event was sampled with an automatic N2 Raman
lidar, which operated 15 km south of Paris. The industrial pollution episode
was concomitant with the long-range transport of dust aerosols originated
from the Sahara, and with the presence of an extended stratus cloud cover. The
analysis of the ground-based lidar profiles therefore required the
development of an original inversion algorithm, using a top-down aerosol
optical thickness matching (TDAM) approach. This study is, to the best of our
knowledge, the first lidar measurement of a fresh smoke plume, emitted only a
few hours after an accidental warehouse fire. Vertical profiles of the
aerosol extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio, and lidar ratio are derived to
optically characterize the aerosols that form the plume. We found a lidar
ratio close to 50±10 sr for this fire smoke aerosol layer. The particle
depolarization ratio is low, ∼1±0.1 %, suggesting the presence
of either small particles or spherical hydrated aerosols in that layer. A
Monte Carlo algorithm was used to assess the uncertainties on the optical
parameters and to evaluate the TDAM algorithm.
Combining data from the distributed GRUAN site Lauder–Invercargill, New Zealand, to provide a site atmospheric state best estimate of temperature
Authors: Tradowsky Jordis S. , Bodeker Gregory E. , Querel Richard R. , Builtjes Peter J. H. , Fischer Jürgen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A site atmospheric state best estimate (SASBE) of the temperature profile above the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) site at Lauder, New Zealand, has been developed. Data from multiple sources are combined within the SASBE to generate a high temporal resolution data set that includes an estimate of the uncertainty on every value.The SASBE has been developed to enhance the value of measurements made at the distributed GRUAN site at Lauder and Invercargill (about 180 km apart), and to demonstrate a methodology which can be adapted to other distributed sites. Within GRUAN, a distributed site consists of a cluster of instruments at different locations.The temperature SASBE combines measurements from radiosondes and automatic weather stations at Lauder and Invercargill, and ERA5 reanalysis, which is used to calculate a diurnal temperature cycle to which the SASBE converges in the absence of any measurements.The SASBE provides hourly temperature profiles at 16 pressure levels between the surface and 10 hPa for the years 1997 to 2012. Every temperature value has an associated uncertainty which is calculated by propagating the measurement uncertainties, the ERA5 ensemble standard deviations, and the ERA5 representativeness uncertainty through the retrieval chain. The SASBE has been long-term archived and is identified using the digital object identifier https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195779.The study demonstrates a method to combine data collected at distributed sites. The resulting best-estimate temperature data product for Lauder is expected to be valuable for satellite and model validation as measurements of atmospheric essential climate variables are sparse in the Southern Hemisphere. The SASBE could, for example, be used to constrain a radiative transfer model to provide top-of-the-atmosphere radiances with traceable uncertainty estimates.
The GRISLI ice sheet model (version 2.0): calibration and validation for multi-millennial changes of the Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Quiquet Aurélien , Dumas Christophe , Ritz Catherine , Peyaud Vincent , Roche Didier M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present the GRISLI
(Grenoble ice sheet and land ice) model in its newest revision (version 2.0).
Whilst GRISLI is applicable to any given ice sheet, we focus here on the
Antarctic ice sheet because it highlights the importance of grounding line
dynamics. Important improvements have been implemented in the model since its
original version (Ritz et al., 2001). Notably, GRISLI now includes a basal
hydrology model and an explicit flux computation at the grounding line based
on the analytical formulations of Schoof (2007) or Tsai et al. (2015). We
perform a full calibration of the model based on an ensemble of
300 simulations sampling mechanical parameter space using a Latin hypercube
method. Performance of individual members is assessed relative to the
deviation from present-day observed Antarctic ice thickness. To assess the
ability of the model to simulate grounding line migration, we also present
glacial–interglacial ice sheet changes throughout the last 400 kyr using the
best ensemble members taking advantage of the capacity of the model to
perform multi-millennial long-term integrations. To achieve this goal, we
construct a simple climatic perturbation of present-day climate forcing
fields based on two climate proxies: atmospheric and oceanic. The model
is able to reproduce expected grounding line advances during glacial periods
and subsequent retreats during terminations with reasonable
glacial–interglacial ice volume changes.
The Psychic Life: A Life in Time: Psychoanalysis and Culture
Authors: Kristeva Julia 
Published: December 2018

Last year I published an autobiographical text in the form of interviews with a young psychologist entitled Je me voyage. The title’s neologism gives a nod to my foreign status in the French language which has largely determined my psychosexual positioning in research and in writing; the psychic experience has been central to my life’s trajectory (which I will not elaborate on here.) In my familial context, culture constituted a world that made life liveable —and I experienced life, due to the importance accorded to language, as survival, as an intimate resistance and an inherent creativity in social time.
Economia colaborativa: novos modelos de negócio viabilizados pela comunicação digital
Authors: Cipriano Myrian Luisa , Carniello Monica Franchi 
Published: December 2018

A Economia Colaborativa é um conceito que foi potencializado com a tecnologia digital. O objetivo geral do artigo foi compreender a estrutura dos modelos de negócio de empresas que operam em ambiente digital, pautadas no conceito de economia colaborativa. Foram analisados os aplicativos Airbnb, BlaBlaCar, Couchsurfing e Uber, caracterizando uma pesquisa de base documental, em sua primeira fase. Uma segunda fase é caracterizada por pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais que atuam com novos modelos de negócio em ambiente digital, selecionados a partir de amostra por julgamento. Verificou-se que nem todos os aplicativos analisados de fato são pautados no conceito de economia colaborativa.
Susceptibility of Minocycline against Carbapenem Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: WARRİER Anup R , BABU Rachana 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Pathogens resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial agents are
referred to multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Although several antibiotics
are available, antibiotics with broader spectrum of activity is required. The
present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of minocycline
against Carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli and its concordance
sensitivity as compared to Tigecycline. Methods:
Non-repetitive, consecutive isolates carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli
including MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Acinetobacter spp. were used for evaluation using Epsilometer test
(E-test). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) cut-off range for
minocycline was based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI,
2016) and the interpretation (sensitive&lt;4, intermediate=8, resistant ≥16)
was considered valid for both, Enterobacteriaceae
and Acinetobacter. Concordance
susceptibility of minocycline was compared with that of tigecycline. Results:
Overall, 18 isolates from MDR Acinetobacter
spp., 20 isolates from MDR Enterspp.obacter spp. (18 E. coli isolates and 2 Enterobacter, undefined), and 63 isolates of
MDR Klebsiella spp. (58 K. pneumoniae
isolates and 5 Klebsiella isolates) were evaluated. In vitro, sensitivity of
minocycline was 50.0% (9/18) in Acinobacter species; 45.0% (9/20) in Enterobacter spp. and 36.5% (23/63) in
Klebsiella spp., respectively. Of the 101 isolates used, concordance between
tigecycline and minocycline was observed in 42 isolates (41.6%) and sensitivity
to both minocycline and tigecycline was observed in 12 isolates (28.6%). The
Cohen Kappa values showed that the overall concordance between tigecycline and
minocycline was 0.11 (non-slight agreement).

Conclusion: Minocycline is effective against all the three
carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacteria included in the study. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(4):140-146.
Uma comparação dos erros de estimativa da taxa de dissipação de energia cinética da turbulência por diferentes métodos na camada-limite atmosférica
Authors: Freire Lívia Souza , Dias Nelson Luís , Grion André Luiz 
Published: December 2018

The dissipation rate of the turbulence kinetic energy (") in the atmosphere can be indirectly obtained from high-frequency measurements of streamwise wind velocity, when using the inertial subrange theory predicted by Kolmogorov for the spectrum, second order structure function or ogive. To estimate the error intrinsic to these estimations, a series of synthetic spectra was constructed from the theoretical spectrum combined with random rrors, which were then used to obtain structure functions and ogive. The " estimation from spectra or structure functions presented a root mean square value of approximately 2% of the expected value of ", whereas the estimation from ogives had errors of approximately 1:3%. A correction factor is needed in the estimations using the ogive and the structure function in order to remove the bias caused by the finite Nyquest frequency. Due tothe smaller error, the ogive provides the best approach for indirect estimation of " in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Simulação da dispersão de poluentes em um modelo euleriano considerando coeficientes de difusão dependentes da distância da fonte e o fenômeno de meandro do vento
Authors: Silveira Viliam Cardoso da , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Buske Daniela 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work is to simulate the pollutants dispersion in an Eulerian model considering the wind meandering phenomenon and eddy diffusivities in terms of source distance. The pollutants dispersion model solve analytically the adcevction-diffusion equation by 3D-GILTT technique. To consider the wind meandering in the dispersion model, we decompose the wind in the u and vcomponents and we calculate the autocorrelation functions and wind spectra. The results show a good agreement between the observed and simulated concentrations.
Surgical Care Capacity in Uganda: Government Versus Private Sector Investment
Authors: Nseyo Unwanaobong , Cherian Meena N. , Haglund Michael M. , Hudson Jessica , Sentumbwe-Mugisa Olive , Okello Margaret , Toliva Opar Bernard , Johnson Walter D. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Uganda is a low-income country with blended, tiered government health care facilities and private/non-governmental (NGO)/mission hospitals. The population is 84% rural; 100% of referral hospitals and majority of specialist physicians are urban.

Summary of background data:
This project compared various levels of government hospitals with private/NGO hospitals to determine adequacy to deliver emergency and essential surgical care (EESC) and anesthesia.

Methods:
Using the WHO Situational Analysis Tool, a representative selection of 38 hospitals (25% of Ugandan hospitals) was assessed for capacity to deliver surgical, anesthetic and obstetric care in 4 domains: infrastructure, human resources, surgeries performed or referred, and equipment.

Results:
In all facilities, laboratory availability was 86%; anesthesia machines, 66%; generators, 55%; and continuous running water, 42%; oxygen, 32%; and electricity, 26%. Resuscitator bags and mask/tubing were present less than 50% of health facilities. Only 84% of all health facilities had a stethoscope; sterilizers only at 50%. This situation was much more dismal in district hospitals. Surgeons were found at 71% of public hospitals and 63% of NGO/mission hospitals; 60% surgeons, and over 50% of anesthesiologists were only in teaching hospitals; obstetricians almost exclusively in higher-level hospitals.

Conclusions:
The infrastructure for surgical services and anesthesia were noticeably absent at district hospital level and below, yet were readily available at the tertiary care center level. Overall national and regional referral hospitals were better equipped than NGO facilities, suggesting the government is capable of fully equipping hospitals to provide surgical care. These surveys highlight potential for improvement in surgical care at all levels.
A Photoresponsive Hyaluronan Hydrogel Nanocomposite for Dynamic Macrophage Immunomodulation
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Morales Renee‐Tyler Tan , Cui Xin , Huang Jiongxian , Qian Weiyi , Tong Jie , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMacrophages are a predominant immune cell population that drive inflammatory responses and exhibit transitions in phenotype and function during tissue remodeling in disease and repair. Thus, engineering an immunomodulatory biomaterial has significant implications for resolving inflammation. Here, a biomimetic and photoresponsive hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel nanocomposite with tunable 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion sites for dynamic macrophage immunomodulation is engineered. Photodegradative alkoxylphenacyl‐based polycarbonate (APP) nanocomposites are exploited to permit user‐controlled Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) adhesive peptide release and conjugation to a HA‐based ECM for real‐time integrin activation of macrophages encapsulated in 3D HA–APP nanocomposite hydrogels. It is demonstrated that photocontrolled 3D ECM–RGD peptide conjugation can activate αvβ3 integrin of macrophages, and periodic αvβ3 integrin activation can enhance anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Altogether, an emerging use of biomimetic, photoresponsive, and bioactive HA–APP nanocomposite hydrogel is highlighted to command 3D cell–ECM interactions for modulating macrophage polarization, which may shed light on cell–ECM interactions in innate immunity and inspire new biomaterial‐based immunomodulatory therapies.