bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia
Authors: Pattabathula Venkat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ammonia is produced and used extensively around the globe, with approximately 85% being used in the manufacture of fertilizers for crop growth.
Synthesis routes for commercial production of ammonia, including the steam reforming of methane, are the focus of this article. Current technologies from Haldor Topsoe, KBR and Uhde along with other such as Casale, Linde etc. are discussed in detail. The largest use of Ammonia is in the production of fertilizers such as urea, mono and diammonium phosphate (MAP/DAP), NPK and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solutions. Those and other uses including the production of nitric acid, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), caprolactam, acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, are also mentioned.
The New Vistas of Adult and Continuing Education for Change in Asian Context: Themes and Implications
Authors: Sun Qi , Kang Haijun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdult education, lifelong education, and lifelong learning have been playing critical roles in responding to contemporary, economic, political, social, and cultural challenges in many parts of the world. This article looks at the new vistas of adult and lifelong education/learning from Eastern perspectives, which highlights the state of adult and continuing education from some Asian countries. It especially focuses on some current themes these countries present. From this material, some implications for the field of adult and continuing education are shared.
Electron‐Beam Manipulation of Silicon Impurities in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mustonen Kimmo , Markevich Alexander , Tripathi Mukesh , Inani Heena , Ding Er‐Xiong , Hussain Aqeel , Mangler Clemens , Kauppinen Esko I. , Kotakoski Jani , Susi Toma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery that impurity atoms in crystals can be manipulated with focused electron irradiation has opened novel perspectives for top‐down atomic engineering. These achievements have been enabled by advances not only in electron optics and microscope stability but also in the preparation of suitable materials with impurity elements incorporated via ion and electron‐beam irradiation or chemical means. Here it is shown that silicon heteroatoms introduced via plasma irradiation into the lattice of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be manipulated using a focused 55–60 keV electron probe aimed at neighboring carbon sites. Moving the silicon atom mainly along the longitudinal axis of large 2.7 nm diameter tubes, more than 90 controlled lattice jumps are recorded and the relevant displacement cross sections are estimated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that even in 2 nm diameter SWCNTs, the threshold energies for out‐of‐plane dynamics are different than in graphene, and depend on the orientation of the silicon‐carbon bond with respect to the electron beam as well as the local bonding of the displaced carbon atom and its neighbors. Atomic‐level engineering of SWCNTs where the electron wave functions are more strictly confined than in 2D materials may enable the fabrication of tunable electronic resonators and other devices.
Gradually Crosslinking Carbon Nanotube Array in Mimicking the Beak of Giant Squid for Compression‐Sensing Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Yang , Cao Jingyu , Zhang Ye , Peng Huisheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPortable and wearable electronics are undergoing rapid development, but these flexible devices may break and fail to work under high compressive strains. Here, presented is a new free‐standing compressible carbon nanotube array (CCNA) with a unique gradually crosslinking structure, which mimics the gradient structure of the beak of the giant squid. The CCNAs can tolerate various compressive strains and demonstrate high reversible compressibility up to 1 00 000 cycles with high electrical conductivities. On the basis of the CCNA, a novel all‐solid‐state compression‐sensing supercapacitor (CSS) that can store energy and tolerate and sense the external strain change is produced. It demonstrates a high capacitance of 93.2 mF cm−2 and can be maintained by 94% even after 3000 continuous compressing cycles at a strain of 60%. In addition, it also shows superior strain sensing capability and stability up to 1900 compressive cycles. These flexible CSSs promise a wide range of applications including electronic skins and advanced bioelectronic devices.
Total Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxytaxinine
Authors: Imamura Yusuke , Yoshioka Shun , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract1‐Hydroxytaxinine (1) is a cytotoxic taxane diterpenoid. Its central eight‐membered B‐ring possesses four oxygen‐functionalized centers (C1, C2, C9, and C10) and two quaternary carbon centers (C8 and C15), and is fused with six‐membered A‐ and C‐rings. The densely functionalized and intricately fused structure of 1 makes it a highly challenging synthetic target. Reported here is an efficient radical‐based strategy for assembling 1 from A‐ and C‐ring fragments. The A‐ring bearing an α‐alkoxyacyl telluride moiety underwent intermolecular coupling with the C‐ring fragment by a Et3B/O2‐promoted decarbonylative radical formation. After construction of the C8‐quaternary stereocenter, a pinacol coupling reaction using a low‐valent titanium reagent formed the B‐ring with stereoselective installation of the C1,C2‐diol. Subsequent manipulations at the A‐ and C‐rings furnished 1 in 26 total steps.
Naphthyl End‐Capped Terthiophene‐Based Chemiresistive Sensors for Biogenic Amine Detection and Meat Spoilage Monitoring
Authors: Liu Quan , Mukherjee Somnath , Huang Rongrong , Liu Ke , Liu Taihong , Liu Kaiqiang , Miao Rong , Peng Haonan , Fang Yu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA reliable and sensitive detection of biogenic amines (BAs) is essential to ensure food safety and maintain public health. In this study, two naphthyl end‐capped terthiophene derivatives, namely, 5‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (NA‐3T) and 5,5′′‐di(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (NA‐3T‐NA), were employed to develop chemiresistive sensors for detecting gaseous BAs. In contrast toNA‐3T, theNA‐3T‐NA‐based sensor showed a higher sensitivity for trimethylamine (TMA) with an experimental detection limit lower than 22 ppm, and for aromatic BAs, including dopamine, histamine, tryptamine, and tyramine. Additionally, the recovery time for TMA was found to be shorter than 23 s. In addition, both sensors were successfully used for an in situ evaluation of meat freshness by monitoring the concentration of relevant volatile BAs. The difference in the sensing performances of the two chemiresistive sensors was tentatively ascribed to different packing structures of the derivatives and the adlayer structures of the films developed with the compounds.
Motional Dynamics of Halogen‐Bonded Complexes Probed by Low‐Field NMR Relaxometry and Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Dey Arnab , Chandrakumar N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHalogen bonding is a subject of considerable interest owing to wide‐ranging chemical, materials and biological applications. The motional dynamics of halogen‐bonded complexes play a pivotal role in comprehending the nature of the halogen‐bonding interaction. However, not many attempts appear to have been made to shed light on the dynamical characteristics of halogen‐bonded species. For the first time, we demonstrate here that the combination of low‐field NMR relaxometry and Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) makes it possible to obtain a cogent picture of the motional dynamics of halogen‐bonded species. We discuss here the advantages of this combined approach. Low‐field relaxometry allows us to infer the hydrodynamic radius and rotational correlation time, whereas ODNP probes the molecular translational correlation times (involving the substrate as well as the organic radical) with high sensitivity at low field.
Ellagic acid supports neuron by regulating astroglia Nrf2
Authors: Wang Guo‐Qing , He Xue‐Mei , Zhu Guo‐Fu , Li Dai‐Di , Shi Jing‐Shan , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAstroglia support neuron by providing substrates for neuronal metabolism, glutamate clearance, and antioxidative protection. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) participates in the antioxidative defense response. Also, Nrf2 signaling is recognized to activate the neurotrophic pathway to replace/protect damaged organelles. Ellagic acid (EA), an extraction component of fruits and nuts, presents many pharmacological activities such as anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. However, few studies have been focused on the neurotrophic properties of EA. Our study investigated whether EA could increase neuronal survival and the target cells. Thus, primary neuron‐enriched cultures and primary astroglia‐enriched cultures were applied to detect whether EA‐elicited neurotrophic effects were mediated by astroglia Nrf2. This study indicated that EA promoted neuronal survival. Further, astroglia Nrf2 participate in EA‐elicited neuronal survival with the following scenarios. First, EA elicited astroglia proliferation, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) release, and Nrf2 activation. Second, after silencing astroglia Nrf2, EA‐induced astrogliosis, GDNF release, and neuronal survival disappeared. Thus, EA‐mediated astroglia Nrf2 activation is important to enhance neurotrophic effects on neurons, which might provide new insights for neurodegenerative disease.
Nistplätze für Gebäudebrüter – Untersuchung bestehender und Entwicklung optimierter Fassadennistkästen
Authors: Blaha Alexander , Hollands Jutta , Korjenic Azra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAls Folge zunehmender Urbanisierung, steigender Verdichtung der Städte und Fassaden‐ und Dachsanierungen an Bestandsgebäuden finden Gebäudebrüter immer weniger Nistplätze bzw. verlieren ihre vorhandenen Plätze. Daher ist es notwendig, zusätzliche Nistplätze an Gebäuden zur Verfügung zu stellen. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts der TU Wien im Auftrag der Wiener Umweltschutzabteilung MA 22 werden drei verschiedene Modelle von Fassadennistplätzen näher untersucht. Anhand von Simulationsberechnungen werden mögliche Wärmebrücken, die durch in die Fassade integrierte Nistplätze verursacht werden, betrachtet und in weiterer Folge optimiert. Für eine detaillierte Simulation wurden die Abmessungen, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit etc. der einzelnen Materialien messtechnisch bestimmt. Simuliert wurden Nistkästen, die direkt an der Außenwand befestigt sind und in der optimierten Variante eine Dämmschicht zwischen Wand und Nistkästen aufweisen. Diese Simulationen wurden sowohl für Varianten der Außenwand aus Stahlbeton als auch aus Mauerwerk durchgeführt. Im Gegensatz zu direkt an der Wand befestigten Nistplätzen, gibt es bei den jeweiligen optimierten Varianten keine hygienisch kritischen Oberflächentemperaturzustände. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde eine mögliche direkte Integration der Nistkästen in ein Wärmedämmverbundsystem verfolgt, erste Varianten hierzu entwickelt und diese bezüglich ihrer bauphysikalischen Parameter untersucht.
Reduzieren des Nutzkältebedarfs durch Fensternachtlüftung
Authors: Knissel Jens , Dettner Maximilian , Lichtmeß Markus , Schöberlein Fritz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie aus Klimaschutzgründen stetig steigenden Effizienzanforderungen an Gebäude erfordern einerseits technisch und ökonomisch sinnvolle Effizienzmaßnahmen. Andererseits müssen diese auch in den normativen Nachweisverfahren quantifizierbar sein, um die Effizienzsteigerung zu belegen. Im Beitrag wird ein Berechnungsansatz vorgestellt, um die Reduzierung des Nutzkältebedarfs durch Fensternachtlüftung bei Nicht‐Wohngebäuden zu quantifizieren. Dieser Ansatz kann in die Bilanzberechnungen nach DIN V 18599 integriert werden. Es wird zwischen einer vereinfachten und einer variablen Methode unterschieden. Die vereinfachte Methode eignet sich insbesondere für den gesetzlichen Energieeffizienznachweis, da der zusätzliche Eingabeaufwand für den Anwender sehr gering ist. Mit der variablen Methode kann der Einfluss der Fensternachtlüftung für variable Randbedingungen ermittelt werden. Die Berechnung ist komplexer und der Eingabeaufwand für den Anwender höher, so dass der Anwendungsfall eher bei der Energieberatung oder Gebäudeplanung gesehen wird.
Facile, Solvent‐Free Preparation of High Density, High Mass Loading Sulfur Cathodes Enabled by Dry‐Pressable Holey Graphene Scaffolds
Authors: Lin Yi , Jones Kobi J. , Greenburg Louisa C. , Kim Jae‐Woo , Hu Liangbing , Connell John W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries to be practically applicable in large scale, high mass loading and high S content are required for the sulfur (S) cathodes. Most reported S cathode preparation procedures, such as melt infiltration of S into carbon scaffolds followed by conventional solvent‐based slurry casting, are time‐consuming, costly, and lack control with respect to the electrode composition and quality. Here we report the use of a facile room‐temperature procedure that is especially useful in the preparation of high density, high mass loading S cathodes with convenient control of S content and electrode architecture. The solvent‐free and binder‐free procedure is enabled by the use of holey graphene (hG) as a unique dry‐pressable electrode scaffold host to effectively encapsulate S in the conductive matrix. The entire process can be completed within just a few minutes at room temperature, in comparison to much longer time required for most other methods. With effective S utilization, the high mass loadings and high densities of the dry‐pressed hG‐hosted S cathodes result in excellent areal (up to 20 mAh/cm2) and volumetric performance (1787 mAh/cm3 is the highest reported to date), respectively. The hG‐enabled dry‐press method therefore offers an attractive processing option for S composite cathode fabrication toward practical applications.
The impact of mesenchymal stem cells on doxorubicin‐induced testicular toxicity and progeny outcome of male prepubertal rats
Authors: Abdelaziz Mennatallah H. , Salah EL‐Din Eman Y. , El‐Dakdoky Mai H. , Ahmed Tawfik A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany therapies to treat cancer are gonadotoxic and can lead to infertility. New strategies to diminish the side effects and protective plans during and after chemotherapy are needed. Therefore, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) as a novel solution were investigated against doxorubicin (Dox)‐induced toxicity in rat testes.MethodsForty male albino prepubertal rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats per each group. The first was injected intraperitoneally with saline as control. The second group was injected intravenously with a single dose of BM‐MSCs (2 × 106 cells). The third was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of Dox (5 mg/kg b.wt). The fourth was injected with both Dox and BM‐MSCs as previously mentioned. Rats were cohabited each separately with an untreated adult female after 8 weeks of treatment to examine Dox effects on male's fertility.ResultsBM‐MSCs counteract the deleterious effects of Dox on body, testicular weight as well as sperm quality by increasing sperm concentration and reducing the rate of abnormal sperm. BM‐MSCs reduced significantly the testicular oxidative stress by reducing the elevated level of malondialdehyde and increasing the antioxidant capacity. Histologically, the testicular atrophy, severe damage of spermatogenesis and the significant reduction of the diameter and germinative cell layer thickness of the seminiferous tubules caused by Dox were significantly recovered after administration of the BM‐MSCs.ConclusionBM‐MSCs have a significant role in restoring the structural efficiency of male reproductive system in rats after Dox treatment.
MGMT autoantibodies as a potential prediction of recurrence and treatment response biomarker for glioma patients
Authors: Wu Haibin , Deng Zhitong , Wang Hao , Li Xuetao , Sun Ting , Tao Zhennan , Yao Lin , Jin Yanping , Wang Xiaoying , Yang Lan , Ma Hongwei , Huang Yulun , Zhou Youxin , Du Ziwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐specific autoantibodies found in serum of cancer patients have been characterized as potential predictors of the high risk of recurrence and treatment response. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical utility of serum O‐6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) autoantibodies as novel biomarkers for prediction of recurrence and treatment response for glioma through MGMT peptides microarray.MethodsA total of 201 serum samples of glioma patients with various WHO grade and 311 serum samples of healthy donors were examined for the detection of MGMT autoantibodies by peptides microarray. The clinical value of MGMT autoantibodies was studied through univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsAutoantibodies to MGMT peptides were detected in sera from glioma patients and five highly responsive autoantibodies to peptides were identified in the glioma group. The positive rate of MGMT autoantibody to 20 peptides in glioma groups is compared with healthy individuals, the positive rate of MGMT‐02 (45%), MGMT‐04 (27%), MGMT‐07 (21%), MGMT‐10 (13%), and MGMT‐18 (24%) were significantly elevated in patients with glioma. MGMT autoantibody and its protein expression exhibited a significant correlation. The levels of MGMT autoantibodies decreased on the 30th day after operation, reaching preoperative levels, similar to those when tumor recurrence developed. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that the only preoperative autoantibodies to MGMT‐02 peptide were independently correlated with recurrence‐free survival. Preoperative seropositive patients were more likely than seronegative patients to have shorter recurrence times and to be resistant to chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy with temozolomide.ConclusionMonitoring the levels of preoperative serum autoantibodies to MGMT‐02 peptide was useful for predicting patients at high risk of recurrence and treatment response.
Antecedents of consumers' citizenship behaviour towards organic foods
Authors: Chiu Tao‐Sheng , Ortiz Jaime , Chih Wen‐Hai , Pang Li‐Chin , Huang Jiun‐Jen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWithin the consumer behaviour literature, there has been little research on factors that influence customers' choices for organic foods. This study investigates three aspects of the Taiwanese organic food market. The first aspect considers how argument quality, source credibility, and social comparison affect consumer‐social venture identification. The second aspect examines how identity attractiveness, social media engagement, and self‐determination affect personal relevance. The third and final aspect investigates how consumer‐social venture identification and personal relevance influence customer citizenship behaviour. The results show that consumer‐social venture identification and personal relevance have significant and positive effects on customer citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, argument quality, source credibility, and social comparison all have significant and positive effects on consumer‐social venture identification. Finally, identity attractiveness, social media engagement, and self‐determination have significant and positive effects on personal relevance. This study makes three contributions regarding consumers' behaviour of purchasing organic foods. First, it explores whether consumer‐social venture identification and personal relevance are antecedents of customer citizenship behaviour. Second, it investigates whether argument quality, source credibility, and social comparison are antecedents of consumer‐social venture identification. Last, it examines whether identity attractiveness, social media engagement, and self‐determination are antecedents of personal relevance. The practical implications of this study indicate that firms must pay more attention to consumers' information search/sharing and perceptions of a credible environment for sharing information and their awareness about healthy items and personal images on social networking sites.
Roles for VEGF‐C/NRP–2 axis in regulating renal tubular epithelial cell survival and autophagy during serum deprivation
Authors: Chang Xiaoyan , Yang Qian , Zhang Conghui , Zhang Ying , Liang Xinjun , Liu Yanyan , Xu Gang 
Published: June 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C) is an angiogenic and lymphangiogenic growth factor. Recent research has revealed the role for VEGF‐C in regulating autophagy by interacting with a nontyrosine kinase receptor, neuropilin‐2 (NRP–2). However, whether VEGF‐C participates in regulating cell survival and autophagy in renal proximal tubular cells is unknown. To address this question, we employed a cell modal of serum deprivation to verify the role of VEGF‐C and its receptor NRP–2 in regulating cell survival and autophagy in NRK52E cell lines. The results show that VEGF‐C rescued the loss of cell viability induced by serum deprivation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, endogenous VEGF‐C was knocked down in NRK52E cells by using specific small‐interfering RNAs (siRNA), cells were more sensitive to serum deprivation–induced cell death. A similar increase in cell death rate was observed following NRP–2 depletion in serum‐starved NRK52E cells. Autophagy activity in serum‐starved NRK52E cells was confirmed by western blot analysis of microtubule‐associated protein‐1 chain 3 (LC3), immunofluorescence staining of endogenous LC3, and the formation of autophagosomes by electron microscopy. VEGF‐C or NRP–2 depletion further increased LC3 expression induced by serum deprivation, suggesting that VEGF‐C and NRP–2 were involved in controlling autophagy in NRK52E cells. We further performed autophagic flux experiments to identify that VEGF‐C promotes the activation of autophagy in serum‐starved NRK52E cells. Together, these results suggest for the first time that VEGF‐C/NRP–2 axis promotes survival and autophagy in NRK52E cells under serum deprivation condition.Significance of the studyMore researchers had focused on the regulation of autophagy in kidney disease. The effect of VEGF‐C on cell death and autophagy in renal epithelial cells has not been examined. We first identified the VEGF‐C as a regulator of cell survival and autophagy in NRK52E cell lines. And VEGF‐C/NRP–2 may mediate autophagy by regulating the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and P70S6K. VEGF‐C treatment may be identified as a therapeutic target in renal injury repair due to its capacity to promote tubular cell survival in the future.
Postallogeneic stem cell transplant Hodgkin lymphoma: Rare presentation of an uncommon occurrence
Authors: iftikhar Raheel , Un nisa Chaudhry Qamar , Satti Tariq Mehmood , Kamran Mahmood Syed , Ghafoor Tariq 
Published: June 2019

Key Clinical Message
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of HSCT. Although not frequently reported but PTLD can occur as a late post‐transplant complication in HSCT recipients. A high index of suspicion should be kept for early diagnosis of these disorders as delay in diagnosis can have catastrophic implications.