bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of HIV-2 Nef reveals unique features distinct from HIV-1 involved in immune regulation
Authors: Hirao Kengo , Andrews Sophie , Kuroki Kimiko , Kusaka Hiroki , Tadokoro Takashi , Kita Shunsuke , Ose Toyoyuki , Rowland Jones Sarah L. , Maenaka Katsumi 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe HIV accessory protein Nef plays a major role in establishing and maintaining infection, particularly through immune evasion. Many HIV-2 infected people experience long-term viral control and survival, resembling HIV-1 elite control. HIV-2 Nef has overlapping but also distinct functions from HIV-1 Nef. Here we report the crystal structure of HIV-2 Nef core. The dileucine sorting motif forms a helix bound to neighboring molecules, and moreover, isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that the CD3 endocytosis motif can directly bind to HIV-2 Nef, ensuring AP-2 mediated endocytosis for CD3. The highly-conserved C-terminal region forms a α-helix, absent from HIV-1. We further determined the structure of SIV Nef harboring this region, demonstrating similar C-terminal α-helix, which may contribute to AP-1 binding for MHC-I downregulation. These results provide new insights into the distinct pathogenesis of HIV-2 infection.
Collapsing fish stocks, gendered economies, and anxieties of entrapment in coastal Sierra Leone
Authors: Diggins Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores the economic negotiations between Sierra Leonean fishermen and the women who compete to buy their fish, tracing how relationships of gendered intimacy and interdependence are being reconfigured in a context of deepening economic precarity. Fish stocks in Sierra Leone are in crisis. Fisherfolk look back with nostalgia to a past in which bountiful harvests had made it possible for transactions of fish to be simple and impersonal. Today, by contrast, it is almost impossible for women to access fish without working to develop strong personal relationships with fishermen: deploying gifts of food, loans of money, and even secret ‘medicines’ to secure the loyalty of potential customers. I analyse how men and women reflect on their growing impoverishment through discourses that emphasize their moral ambivalence at being drawn back into webs of interpersonal dependency, and argue that these anxieties need to be understood in the context of Sierra Leone's history of domestic slavery.
Neuronal NLRC5 regulates MHC class I expression in Neuro‐2a cells and also during hippocampal development
Authors: Li Ping , Shen Yuqing , Cui Pengfei , Hu Yue , Zhang Ying , Miao Fengqin , Zhang Aifeng , Zhang Jianqiong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMajor histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) molecules are ubiquitously expressed, being found in most nucleated cells, where they are central mediators of both the adaptive and innate immune responses. Recent studies have shown that MHC I are also expressed in the developing brain where they participate in synapse elimination and plasticity. Up‐regulation of MHC I within the developing brain has been reported, however, the mechanism(s) regulating this developmental up‐regulation of neuronal MHC I remains unknown. Here, we show NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5), a newly identified member of the NLR family, is widely expressed in hippocampal neurons, and the expression pattern of NLRC5 coincides with increased MHC I mRNA in the developing hippocampus. Using a luciferase assay in Neuro‐2a cells we demonstrate that NLRC5 can induce the activation of MHC I and this induction requires the W/S‐X‐Y motif. Further studies show that transcription factors regulatory factor X (RFX) and CREB1, which bind to X1 and X2 box, are crucial for NLRC5‐mediated induction. Moreover immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that NLRC5 interacts with RFX subunits RFX5 and RFXANK. Knockout of Nlrc5 dramatically impairs basal expression of MHC I in mouse hippocampus. Taken together, our findings identify NLRC5 as a key regulator of MHC I up‐regulation in the developing hippocampus and suggest an important role for NLRC5 in neurons.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14729.
A Similarity-Based Semi-analytical Solution for Recovery Performance Assessment of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs With Interfacial-Tension-Dependent Capillary Pressure Effects
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ayala Luis F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nanometer-pore characteristic of unconventional reservoirs significantly enlarges the impact of the role that capillary pressure (pc) plays on the recovery mechanism. A growing number of research has been focused on understanding the high pc effect in tight and ultra-tight reservoir systems, but mainly numerical simulation models and experimental studies are investigated. This work proposes an alternate, semi-analytical solution that readily applies to the analysis of production performance of multi-fractured horizontal wells in unconventional formations, capturing the phase behavior and fluid property-alteration effects under significant pc influence found in these systems. Capillary pressure is considered as interfacial-tension (IFT)-dependent function that impacts fluid flow in the sense of phase behavior and fluid properties. To arrive at the solutions, the similarity method is applied to the governing system of multiphase partial differential equations, and the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved simultaneously for pressure and saturation via shooting method coupled with Runge–Kutta solver. The proposed solution is validated by matching against numerically simulated data generated by an in-house simulator. Both oil-dominate and gas-dominate examples are presented. We also apply the proposed method to examine the sensitivity of production performance to degree of undersaturation and critical saturations. Results show that the altered fluid property and phase behavior due to IFT-dependent pc have ineligible effects on recovery performance of multi-fractured horizontal wells, and specific effects on production rates and producing gas–oil ratio also tie closely to the mobility of each phase.
Prevalence and outcome of central airway obstruction in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Daneshvar Cyrus , Falconer William Euan , Ahmed Mohammed , Sibly Abdul , Hindle Madeleine , Nicholson Thomas W , Aldik Ghanem , Telisinghe Lilanganee A , Riordan Richard D , Marchbank Adrian , Breen David 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionCentral airway obstruction (CAO) is a life-threatening complication of lung cancer. The prevalence of CAO in lung cancer patients is unknown. We audited CAO burden to inform our local cancer service.MethodsThis is a cohort review of all new lung cancer diagnoses between 1 November 2014 and 30 November 2015. CAO was defined by CT appearance. CT scans and routine patient records were followed up to 30 November 2018 to determine the prevalence of CAO at diagnosis; the characteristics of patients with prevalent CAO; mortality (using survival analysis); and incident CAO over follow-up.ResultsOf 342 new lung cancer diagnoses, CAO prevalence was 13% (95% CI 10% to 17%; n=45/342). Dedicated CT scan review identified missed CAO in 14/45 (31%) cases. In patients with prevalent CAO, 27/44 (61%) had a performance status of ≤2, 23/45 (51%) were diagnosed during an acute admission and 36/44 (82%) reported symptoms. Treatments were offered to 32/45 (71%); therapeutic bronchoscopy was performed in only 8/31 (26%) eligible patients. Median survival of patients with prevalent CAO was 94 (IQR 33–274) days. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, gender and disease stage, found CAO on index CT scan was independently associated with an increased hazard of death (adjusted HR 1.78 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.48); p=0.001). In total, 15/297 (5%) developed CAO during follow-up (median onset 340 (IQR 114–551) days). Over the audit period, 60/342 (18%; 95% CI 14% to 22%) had or developed CAO.DiscussionsThis is the first description of CAO prevalence in 40 years. Patients with prevalent CAO had a higher mortality. Our data provide a benchmark for service planning.
Double-beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ to the first $$0^+$$ excited state of $$^{130}\hbox {Xe}$$ with CUORE-0
Authors: Alduino C. , Alfonso K. , Artusa D. R. , Avignone III F. T. , Azzolini O. , Banks T. I. , Bari G. , Beeman J. W. , Bellini F. , Bersani A. , Biassoni M. , Brofferio C. , Bucci C. , Camacho A. , Caminata A. , Canonica L. , Cao X. G. , Capelli S. , Cappelli L. , Carbone L. , Cardani L. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Cassina L. , Chiesa D. , Chott N. , Clemenza M. , Copello S. , Cosmelli C. , Cremonesi O. , Creswick R. J. , Cushman J. S. , D’Addabbo A. , Dafinei I. , Davis C. J. , Dell’Oro S. , Deninno M. M. , Domizio S. Di , Vacri M. L. Di , Drobizhev A. , Fang D. Q. , Faverzani M. , Feintzeig J. , Fernandes G. , Ferri E. , Ferroni F. , Fiorini E. , Franceschi M. A. , Freedman S. J. , Fujikawa B. K. , Giachero A. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Gladstone L. , Gorla P. , Gotti C. , Gutierrez T. D. , Haller E. E. , Han K. , Hansen E. , Heeger K. M. , Hennings-Yeomans R. , Hickerson K. P. , Huang H. Z. , Kadel R. , Keppel G. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Leder A. , Ligi C. , Lim K. E. , Liu X. , Ma Y. G. , Maino M. , Marini L. , Martinez M. , Maruyama R. H. , Mei Y. , Moggi N. , Morganti S. , Mosteiro P. J. , Napolitano T. , Nones C. , Norman E. B. , Nucciotti A. , O’Donnell T. , Orio F. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagliarone C. E. , Pallavicini M. , Palmieri V. , Pattavina L. , Pavan M. , Pessina G. , Pettinacci V. , Piperno G. , Pira C. , Pirro S. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Rosenfeld C. , Rusconi C. , Sangiorgio S. , Santone D. , Scielzo N. D. , Singh V. , Sisti M. , Smith A. R. , Taffarello L. , Tenconi M. , Terranova F. , Tomei C. , Trentalange S. , Vignati M. , Wagaarachchi S. L. , Wang B. S. , Wang H. W. , Wilson J. , Winslow L. A. , Wise T. , Woodcraft A. , Zanotti L. , Zhang G. Q. , Zhu B. X. , Zimmermann S. , Zucchelli S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report on a search for double beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$130Te to the first $$0^{+}$$0+ excited state of $$^{130}\hbox {Xe}$$130Xe using a $$9.8\,\hbox {kg}\cdot \hbox {yr}$$9.8kg·yr exposure of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$130Te collected with the CUORE-0 experiment. In this work we exploit different topologies of coincident events to search for both the neutrinoless and two-neutrino double beta decay modes. We find no evidence for either mode and place lower bounds on the half-lives: $$T^{0\nu }_{0^+_1}>7.9\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+0ν>7.9·1023yr and $$T^{2\nu }_{0^+_1}>2.4\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+2ν>2.4·1023yr ($$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$90%CL). Combining our results with those obtained by the CUORICINO experiment, we achieve the most stringent constraints available for these processes: $$T^{0\nu }_{0^+_1}>1.4\cdot 10^{24}\hbox {yr}$$T01+0ν>1.4·1024yr and $$T^{2\nu }_{0^+_1}>2.5\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+2ν>2.5·1023yr ($$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$90%CL).
Enzalutamide-Induced Feed-Forward Signaling Loop Promotes Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth Providing an Exploitable Molecular Target for Jak2 Inhibitors
Authors: Udhane Vindhya , Maranto Cristina , Hoang David T. , Gu Lei , Erickson Andrew , Devi Savita , Talati Pooja G. , Banerjee Anjishnu , Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Jacobsohn Kenneth , See William A. , Mirtti Tuomas , Kilari Deepak , Nevalainen Marja T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The second-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, is approved for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and targets androgen receptor (AR) activity in CRPC. Despite initial clinical activity, acquired resistance to enzalutamide arises rapidly and most patients develop terminal disease. Previous work has established Stat5 as a potent inducer of prostate cancer growth. Here, we investigated the significance of Jak2–Stat5 signaling in resistance of prostate cancer to enzalutamide. The levels of Jak2 and Stat5 mRNA, proteins and activation were evaluated in prostate cancer cells, xenograft tumors, and clinical prostate cancers before and after enzalutamide therapy. Jak2 and Stat5 were suppressed by genetic knockdown using lentiviral shRNA or pharmacologic inhibitors. Responsiveness of primary and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer to pharmacologic inhibitors of Jak2–Stat5 signaling was assessed in vivo in mice bearing prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Patient-derived prostate cancers were tested for responsiveness to Stat5 blockade as second-line treatment after enzalutamide ex vivo in tumor explant cultures. Enzalutamide-liganded AR induces sustained Jak2–Stat5 phosphorylation in prostate cancer leading to the formation of a positive feed-forward loop, where activated Stat5, in turn, induces Jak2 mRNA and protein levels contributing to further Jak2 activation. Mechanistically, enzalutamide-liganded AR induced Jak2 phosphorylation through a process involving Jak2-specific phosphatases. Stat5 promoted prostate cancer growth during enzalutamide treatment. Jak2–Stat5 inhibition induced death of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived prostate cancers surviving enzalutamide treatment and blocked enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth in mice. This work introduces a novel concept of a pivotal role of hyperactivated Jak2–Stat5 signaling in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer, which is readily targetable by Jak2 inhibitors in clinical development.
Assessing precision and accuracy of false-profile hip radiographs
Authors: Li Ryan T , Neral Mithun , Gould Heath , Hu Emily , Liu Raymond W , Salata Michael J 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of pelvic rotation in existing false-profile (FP) radiographs and to devise a method to improve accuracy and precision of FP radiographs. Methods: An imaging protocol was developed to obtain FP radiographs. Pelvic rotation was calculated using the described method for FP images obtained in the 3 months prior to and after implementation of this protocol. Student’s t-test and variance ratio tests were used to determine differences in mean and variance of pelvic rotation between the 2 cohorts. Pelvic rotation calculation methodology was validated by using fluoroscopic C-arm to obtain AP and rotated images of 10 osteologic pelvises. The ratio of the distance between hip centres of each rotated image and AP image ( WP/ W) was determined. Intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) was used to verify the relationship between WP/ W and pelvic rotation. Results: Mean WP/ W was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.45–0.49). There were significant differences in mean pelvic rotation of the pre-protocol group (47.6°; 95% CI, 45.6–49.5°) and the post-protocol group (60.0°; 95% CI, 58.7–61.3°, p  < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a significantly wider distribution of measurements in the pre-protocol group (SD = 7.9°) compared to the post-protocol group (SD = 5.7°, p  = 0.0035). Conclusions: The quality of FP radiographs obtained in the clinical setting may be inconsistent. Standardising FP imaging produces more accurate images. Appropriate FP radiographs should have a distance between hip centres that is approximately 0.5 times the same distance found on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph.
Comparative risk evaluation for cardiovascular events associated with dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin in real-world type 2 diabetes patients: a multi-institutional cohort study
Authors: Shao Shih-Chieh , Chang Kai-Cheng , Hung Ming-Jui , Yang Ning-I , Chan Yuk-Ying , Chen Hui-Yu , Kao Yang Yea-Huei , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the cardiovascular event risk in type 2 diabetes patients newly receiving dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study by analyzing a multi-institutional electronic medical records database (Chang Gung Research Database) in Taiwan and included adult type 2 diabetes patients who were newly receiving sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors from 2016 to 2017. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and heart failure. We followed up patients from initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors until the occurrence of cardiovascular events before December 31, 2018. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling, adjusting for patients’ age, sex, laboratory data, co-morbidities, and concomitant medications.ResultsWe identified 12,681 new SGLT2 inhibitor users with a mean age of 58.9 (SD 11.8) years, of whom 43.9% were female and 45.8% were new dapagliflozin users. A total of 10,442 person-years of dapagliflozin use and 12,096 person-years of empagliflozin use were included. Compared to empagliflozin users, new users of dapagliflozin were found to have similar risks for primary composite outcome (adjusted HR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.73–1.14), cardiovascular death (adjusted HR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.14–2.12), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.19) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR: 1.15; 95% CI 0.80–1.65), but a lower risk of heart failure (adjusted HR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.49–0.95).ConclusionThe risk of cardiovascular events was similar between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin new users, but dapagliflozin may have a better outcome in the reduction of heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the findings.
Optimizing the Care of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients With Advanced Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Lee Yeh Chen , Jivraj Nazlin , Wang Lisa , Chawla Tanya , Lau Jenny , Croke Jennifer , Allard Johane P. , Stuart-McEwan Terri , Nathwani Kashish , Bowering Valerie , Karakasis Katherine , O’Brien Catherine , Shlomovitz Eran , Ferguson Sarah E. , Buchanan Sarah , Ng Pamela , Cyriac Sunu , Tinker Lisa , Dhani Neesha , Oza Amit M. , Lheureux Stephanie 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common and distressing complication in women with advanced gynecologic cancer. A pilot, interprofessional MBO program was launched in 2016 at a large Canadian tertiary cancer center to integrate these patients’ complex care needs across multiple disciplines and support women with MBO. METHOD: Retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcomes of women with advanced gynecologic cancer who were admitted to hospital because of MBO, before (2014 to 2016: baseline group) and after (2016 to 2018) implementation of the MBO program. RESULTS: Of the 169 women evaluated, 106 and 63 were in the baseline group and MBO program group, respectively. Most had ovarian cancer (n = 124; 73%) and had small-bowel obstruction (n = 131; 78%). There was a significantly shorter cumulative hospital length of stay (LOSsum) within the first 60 days of MBO diagnosis in the MBO program group compared with the baseline group (13 v 22 days, respectively; adjusted P = .006). The median overall survival for women treated in the MBO program was also significantly longer compared with the baseline group (243 v 99 days, respectively; adjusted P = .002). Using the interprofessional MBO care platform, a greater proportion of patients received palliative chemotherapy (83% v 56%) and less surgery (11% v 21%) in the MBO program group than in the baseline group, respectively. A subgroup of women (n = 11) received total parenteral nutrition for longer than 6 months. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a comprehensive, interprofessional MBO program significantly affects patient care and may improve outcomes. Unique to this MBO program is an integrated outpatient model of care and education that empowers patients to recognize MBO symptoms for early intervention.
Theoretical Evaluation of Neutron-nucleus Scattering Parameters from Experimental Data in the 6 ≤ A ≤ 60 Mass Region
Authors: Aleksejevs A. , Barkanova S. , Tambergs J. , Krasta T. , Waschkowski W. , Knopf K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Systematic calculations of the neutron-nucleus scattering parameters at several neutron energies Ei < 2 keV have been performed for 37 isotopes (6Li,... 59Co) in the mass region of 6 ≤ A ≤ 60, using the large compilation of experimental neutron-nucleus scattering data obtained in Garching. In the first stage of these calculations, the s-wave potential scattering radius R’, the scattering lengths bcoh, b±, and the bound state parameters (Eb, Γγ , gΓ0
n) have been calculated for each isotope, employing the general least squares fit (GLSQF) for the experimental and the corresponding theoretical values of the total neutron-nucleus cross sections σexp
tot(Ei) at several energies Ei, absorption cross sections σabs(Eo) and of the coherent scattering lengths bcoh. The theoretical expressions for these parameters were deduced on the basis of the usual S-matrix formalism with no assumption about the particular shape of the optical model potential. In the second stage of our calculations, the spherical Fiedeldey- Frahn optical potential was employed for the pure theoretical description or the above mentioned neutron-nucleus scattering characteristics. The results obtained have been analyzed and compared with the values deduced from measurements.
Depressed Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Increase Hospital Stay and Alter Glucose Homeostasis in First-ever Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yuge , Wang Yanqiang , Zhang Bingjun , Lin Yinyao , Tan Sha , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective:
Vitamin D deficiency is internationally recognized among
the potentially modifiable risk factors for ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the
association between vitamin D deficiency and stroke morbidity or mortality remains insufficiently
known. Our aim is to investigate their relevance to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and
clinical severity and outcome after 3 months in first-ever ischemic stroke.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 356 consecutive patients in first-ever ischemic stroke between
2013 and 2015. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at baseline. Stroke severity was assessed at
admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Functional outcome
after 3 months of onset was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Results:
Among the 356 enrolled patients, HbA1c was higher in insufficiency/deficiency group
than that in the sufficiency group (6.3 ± 1.7 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1, p =0.015). The hospital stay was longer
in insufficiency/deficiency group than that in the sufficiency group (11 (8-17) vs. 9.5 (7-13), p =
0.035). There was a significant inversed trend between serum 25(OH) D levels and hospital stay
(OR 0.960, P = 0.031), using logistic regression.

Conclusions:
25(OH)D levels are associated with glucose homeostasis, 25(OH) D contributes to
increase the length of hospital stay. Low serum 25-OHD level is an independent predictor for hospital
stay in first-ever ischemic stroke. Vitamin D deficiency did not predict functional outcome in
the span of 3 months.