bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAVA : ARTS AND REPRESENTATIONS. Art historical and Archaeometric Analyses of Ancient Jewellery (7–16th C.) : The Prillwitz Collection of Javanese Gold
Authors: Tjoa-Bonatz Mai Lin , Lockhoff Nicole 
Published: June 2019

The Weltkulturen Museum in Frankfurt am Main holds the collection of gold and silver jewellery from the Classical period of Java acquired in 1913 from Conrad Ernst August Prillwitz. Archaeometric analyses of rings and earrings, including chemical and technological examinations, define the composition of the raw material and contribute information on the manufacturing processes and issues related to authenticity. The art historical approach reveals that the gold ornaments cover a wide span of time and allow new interpretations of motifs, chrono-typological markers and the assigning of historical terminology. Javanese goldsmiths used motifs on coins and intaglio which had already been disseminated during the 1st millennium from South Asia as models for their images on rings, but advanced to a high level of technical knowledge and decorative innovations, so much so, that its goldsmithing diverged greatly from other Asian regions from 7th to the early 16th century.
The photoperiodic response to single nights suggests a rapidly damping oscillator in Trichogramma telengai (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Reznik Sergey Y. , Voinovich Natalia D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is known that diapause-inducing effect of ultra-long (16–18 hours and longer) nights on insects with a facultative winter diapause is often weaker than that of “natural” long (usually 10–14 hours) nights. The weak diapause-inducing effect of ultra-long nights can be explained, in particular, in the frames of the external coincidence model of photoperiodic time measurement with a circadian oscillator, which damps under ultra-long nights. Based on this model, it can be expected that (1) the first ultra-long night would have the same diapause-inducing effect as natural long night because the damping of the oscillator will not manifest itself before the next light–dark cycle and (2) the diapause-inducing effect would decrease with the increase in the number of succeeding ultra-long nights. However, these hypotheses have never been tested with any insect species. We investigated progeny diapause-inducing effect of single and multiple nights of different lengths onTrichogramma telengaiSorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) pupae and adult females. The results of the study support the external coincidence model with a damping circadian oscillator and suggest that inT. telengaithe oscillator damps out after one or two cycles.
Performance Comparison Between Surface-mount and Embedded Power Modules
Authors: Weis Gerald 
Published: June 2019

Increasing efficiency in power electronic circuits requires innovative cooling concepts and a low impedance connection in the power path as well as low inductance driving circuits placed as close as possible to the main power switches. A direct comparison between state-of-the-art standard surface-mount build-ups and power switches embedded directly into the printed circuit board shows the high potential of integrated electronics. Measurements at defined operating point(s) verify improved thermal performance due to more heat spreading area, as well as higher achievable switching speed.
For performance benchmarking two similar versions of half bridge circuits in DC-DC buck configuration were built to be compared in measurement. The first configuration uses standard, state-of-the-art SMD packages assembled onto the module. For the second half bridge module an embedded power path was used: The power transistors (GaN HEMT devices) are mounted inside the printed circuit board (PCB) and galvanically isolated from the heat sink pad on top of the package.
Both versions use exactly the same schematic, layer stack-up and copper structure on the six layers used. A slightly different laser drill configuration was necessary because embedded parts are connected by copper filled laser drill holes. This measure was taken to optimize the modules according to their technology. Each module has an NTC thermistor mounted at the same distance to the half bridge transistors, and is used to indicate the temperature of the transistor dies during measurement.
To cover a wide range of operational conditions the devices under test (DUTs) were stressed under hard switching operation (HSW) as well as triangular current mode (TCM). HSW causes more stress because the opposite transistor is switched before the whole energy of Coss has been discharged. In TCM the current through the inductor is becoming negative for a short time period and discharges the Coss capacitors of the power transistors.
The test conditions were set as follows: 150V, 11A with 200kHz switching frequency in HSW mode. The switching behavior is similar, because both modules uses the same power transistors. Due to less parasitic impedance at the embedded module the turn-on behavior is slightly improved at the embedded module.
Embedding as a new, innovative concept is compared to standard technologies. First measurements show that the embedded DUT stays 20K below the temperature of the standard module while running at the same load current. Additionally fewer disturbances were observed at the embedded module.
Peripartum HIV infection in very low birth weight infants fed ‘raw’ mother’s own milk
Authors: Coetzee Melantha , Delport Suzanne D. 
Published: June 2019

Background: HIV-exposed very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (≤ 1500 g) are considered at high risk of peripartum mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). In the past, they received formula to prevent breast milk related HIV transmission. This denied them the benefits of breast milk, thus exposing the infant to the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). From 2010, ‘raw’ mother’s own milk (rMOM) has been recommended for term infants whose mothers’ received antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART). At the same time, the infant received antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis as per the National Prevention of MTCT programme.Objectives: To determine the cumulative incidence of peripartum HIV infection by 4–6 weeks of age in HIV-exposed VLBW infants, who received rMOM and infant ARV prophylaxis.Method: A retrospective, observational audit over 3 years at a single institution was undertaken. The study population comprised HIV-exposed VLBW infants who received both nevirapine prophylaxis and rMOM from birth until discharge. A positive HIV-PCR by 4–6 weeks of life was used to confirm maternal to infant HIV transmission.Results: Of the 80 eligible infants admitted between 2010 and 2013, 63 (79%) were exposed to antenatal ART. Seventy-eight (97.5%) tested HIV-PCR negative at 4–6 weeks. Of the two infants who tested positive, both presented with features of an acute HIV infection. The absence of MTCT in the remaining 78 infants given ARV prophylaxis and rMOM suggests that rMOM is an unlikely source of infection in the two infected infants.Conclusion: rMOM, in the presence of infant prophylaxis, was a safe feeding option for HIV-exposed VLBW infants. It should be strongly considered for these infants, as rMOM likely provides additional maternal and child benefits.
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Poole Janet L. , Bradford Joshua D. , Siegel Patricia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of occupational therapy–related interventions for adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
METHOD. We reviewed intervention studies published from 2000 to 2017. The method used for conducting the review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate methodological quality. Risk of bias was appraised with methods described by the Cochrane Methods Group.
RESULTS. The final analysis included 20 studies (10 physical activity and 10 psychoeducational). Moderate evidence supports physical activity to improve depression, fatigue, exercise tolerance, and function without exacerbation of disease symptoms. Strong evidence supports psychoeducational interventions using cognitive–behavioral approaches to improve pain, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, quality of life, and function. Moderate evidence supports patient education and self-management interventions for pain, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, quality of life, and function.
CONCLUSION. Further research on occupation-based interventions for people with SLE is needed.
The 18O ecohydrology of a grassland ecosystem – predictions and observations
Authors: Hirl Regina T. , Schnyder Hans , Ostler Ulrike , Schäufele Rudi , Schleip Inga , Vetter Sylvia H. , Auerswald Karl , Baca Cabrera Juan C. , Wingate Lisa , Barbour Margaret M. , Ogée Jérôme 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of
leaf water (δ18Oleaf) is an important determinant of
environmental and physiological information found in biological archives,
but the system-scale understanding of the propagation of the δ18O of rain through soil and xylem water to δ18Oleaf
has not been verified for grassland. Here we report a unique and
comprehensive dataset of fortnightly δ18O observations in soil,
stem and leaf waters made over seven growing seasons in a temperate,
drought-prone, mixed-species grassland. Using the ecohydrology part of a
physically based, 18O-enabled soil–plant–atmosphere transfer model
(MuSICA), we evaluated our ability to predict the dynamics of δ18O in soil water, the depth of water uptake, and the effects of soil
and atmospheric moisture on 18O enrichment of leaf water (Δ18Oleaf) in this ecosystem. The model accurately predicted the
δ18O dynamics of the different ecosystem water pools,
suggesting that the model generated realistic predictions of the vertical
distribution of soil water and root water uptake dynamics. Observations and
model predictions indicated that water uptake occurred predominantly from
shallow (<20 cm) soil depths throughout dry and wet periods in all years, presumably due (at least in part) to the effects of high grazing
pressure on root system turnover and placement. Δ18Oleaf
responded to both soil and atmospheric moisture contents and was best
described in terms of constant proportions of unenriched and evaporatively
enriched water (two-pool model). The good agreement between model
predictions and observations is remarkable as model parameters describing
the relevant physical features or functional relationships of soil and
vegetation were held constant with one single value for the entire
mixed-species ecosystem.
Modernidad y crisis de valores en "El Edificio Yacobián": El lugar de Alaa Al Aswany en el campo literario egipcio
Authors: Becerra González Fabián 
Published: June 2019

En diálogo con la tradición novelística de Medio Oriente, el artículo aborda la introducción al campo literario del escritor egipcio Alaa Al Aswany, quien en El Edificio Yacobián (2002) sienta una toma de posición ante los discursos oficiales preponderantes en su sociedad a finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI.
En primer lugar, se contextualiza la historia literaria de la región, comprendida como un escenario de pugnas entre agentes e instituciones que, a partir de una conciencia nacional emergente, abarcaron la noción de identidad a través del género novelesco; esto, como antecedente imprescindible para advertir la irrupción y problematización del autor. Finalmente, se pretende desenvolver el planteamiento de axiologías opuestas que consolidan la construcción de la propuesta literaria, a través de personajes que encarnan actitudes y modos de ser propios del intervalo comprendido entre el ascenso del naserismo y la Guerra del Golfo; fenómenos relevantes para Aswany, quien se inserta en la literatura contemporánea actualizando episodios determinantes en la historia de Egipto.
The Winning of Tom Joad: Steinbeck's Refutation of the Western Romance in The Grapes of Wrath
Authors: Entze Jerry 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Harold Bell Wright, an immensely popular author of the early twentieth century, is best known for his westerns such as The Shepherd of the Hills. His target audience was the working class, those who read for escape before the advent of radio and television. Wright's novel The Winning of Barbara Worth is mentioned in The Grapes of Wrath. The Joads are prime examples of Wright's primary audience. Steinbeck recognized this and the reference to Wright makes this clear. A further examination of Barbara Worth reveals that Steinbeck addresses several similar themes in The Grapes of Wrath. Most apparent is the struggle between the common people and big business or capitalism, along with the importance of the land, and pride in one's heritage. Steinbeck takes the themes Wright used for dramatic tension and reveals how they directly affected the people who read Wright's novels.
Voorontwerp bedenktijd: een bedenkelijke geringschatting van het ondernemingsrecht
Authors: Kersten A.J.J.P.B.M. 
Published: June 2019

Voorontwerp bedenktijd; een bedenkelijke geringschatting van het ondernemingsrecht
Het kabinetsvoorstel ter invoering van een wettelijke bedenktijd wekt de indruk dat de stand van het Nederlandse recht buiten de rechtspraktijk onbemind is; immers, ons recht biedt (meer dan) voldoende bescherming aan beursgenoteerde ondernemingen. Daarnaast sluit de voorgestelde wettelijke bedenktijd een beroep op artikel 2:8 BW ter weigering van agendering uit. Aldus oordeelt de auteur dat het voorstel zowel overbodig als onwenselijk is.
Investigating Carriage, Contamination, Antimicrobial Resistance and Assessment of Colonization Risk Factors of Campylobacter spp. in Broilers from Selected Farms in Thika, Kenya
Authors: Abubakar Mwajuma K. , W. T. Muigai Anne , Ndung’u Perpetual , Kariuki Samuel 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To investigate carriage and contamination rates of chicken broiler meat, the factors that are associated with Campylobacter spp. colonization and its phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance from Thika small-scale poultry farms.
Study Design: The study design was cross-sectional and laboratory based, it employed simple random sampling across 18 small-scale farms.
Site and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between August and December 2017 at Thika sub-county, a town located 42 Km North East of Nairobi.
Methodology: One hundred and eighty five cloaca swab samples from live broilers and 158 neck swab samples from broiler carcasses were collected. Isolates were obtained by plating method using mCCDA, conventional methods and duplex PCR were used for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter species.
Results: Carriage prevalence was at 15.67%, significantly (P = .000) lower than contamination prevalence detected at 30.37%. While the overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 22.45%. Risk of Campylobacter colonization in the flock doubled in feeding broilers with chicken waste and older poultry, at (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 0.19 - 34.47) and (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.312 - 12.84) respectively. The Campylobacter spp. were resistant (P < .05) against Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, and Trimethoprim between carriage and contamination. MDR was 79.22%; XDR was 12.98% while no PDR recorded.
Conclusion: Broilers in Thika region are potentially important source of human infection and possible continuity of infection from the threat posed by Campylobacter carrier broilers. Presence of sulI and dhfr genes with high resistance observed for quinolones, sulfonamides, ß-lactams and trimethoprim, thus posing a major public health problem for consumers of poultry products.
Mechanisms of cellular rejuvenation
Authors: Denoth‐Lippuner Annina , Jessberger Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

Aging leads to changes on an organismal but also cellular level. However, the exact mechanisms of cellular aging in mammals remain poorly understood and the identity and functional role of aging factors, some of which have previously been defined in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, remain elusive. Remarkably, during cellular reprogramming most if not all aging hallmarks are erased, offering a novel entry point to study aging and rejuvenation on a cellular level. On the other hand, direct reprogramming of old cells into cells of a different fate preserves many aging signs. Therefore, investigating the process of reprogramming and comparing it to direct reprogramming may yield novel insights about the clearing of aging factors, which is the basis of rejuvenation. Here, we discuss how reprogramming might lead to rejuvenation of a cell, an organ, or even the whole organism.
Communication of CD8+ T cells with mononuclear phagocytes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Konjevic Sabolek Matea , Held Kathrin , Beltrán Eduardo , Niedl Anna G. , Meinl Edgar , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Lassmann Hans , Dornmair Klaus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveCD8+ T cells are the most prevailing lymphocyte population in inflammatory lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but it is not even known whether they are merely passive bystanders or actively communicate with other cells in the brain. To identify their potential interaction partners, we analyzed CD8+ T cells that contained vectorially oriented cytotoxic granules and analyzed the areas to which the granules pointed.MethodsWe stained cryo‐sections of active MS lesions of an index patient with antibodies to CD8 and perforin, searched for vectorially oriented perforin granules, and isolated target areas opposing the granules and control areas by laser‐microdissection. From both areas, we analyzed cell‐type specific transcripts by next‐generation sequencing. In parallel, we stained samples from the index‐patient and other patients by four‐color immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsWe found transcripts of the mononuclear phagocyte (MP) specific markers CD163 and CD11b only in the microdissected target areas but not in control areas. We validated the finding that MPs are communication partners of CD8+ T cells in MS lesions by classical IHC in samples from the index‐patient and other patients with acute and progressive MS and other inflammatory neurological diseases.InterpretationBecause CD163 and CD11b are specifically expressed in MPs, our findings suggest that CD8+ T cells communicate with local MPs. Although it is still unclear if these interactions lead to killing of the communication partners by CD8+ T cells, our data underline that CD8+ T cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of MS.
Association of Anxiety With Pain and Disability but Not With Increased Measures of Inflammation in Adolescent Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Hanns Laura , Radziszewska Anna , Suffield Linda , Josephs Francesca , Chaplin Hema , Peckham Hannah , Sen Debajit , Christie Deborah , Carvalho Livia A. , Ioannou Yiannis 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo explore whether anxiety and depression are associated with clinical measures of disease for adolescent patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and whether anxiety and depression are associated with increased peripheral proinflammatory cytokine levels in adolescent patients with JIA and in healthy adolescent controls.MethodsA total of 136 patients with JIA and 88 healthy controls ages 13–18 years completed questionnaires on anxiety and depressive symptoms. For patients with JIA, pain, disability, physician global assessment (using a visual analog scale [VAS]), and number of joints with active inflammation (active joint count) were recorded. In a subsample, we assessed lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated interleukin 6 (IL‐6) production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum IL‐6, cortisol, and C‐reactive protein levels. Data were analyzed by linear regression analysis.ResultsLevels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with JIA were not significantly different than those in healthy controls. For patients with JIA, anxiety was significantly associated with disability (β = 0.009, P = 0.002), pain (β = 0.029, P = 0.011), and physician global assessment VAS (β = 0.019, P = 0.012), but not with active joint count (β = 0.014, P = 0.120). Anxiety was not associated with any laboratory measures of inflammation for JIA patients. These relationships were also true for depressive symptoms. For healthy controls, there was a trend toward an association of anxiety (but not depressive symptoms) with stimulated IL‐6 (β = 0.004, P = 0.052).ConclusionAdolescent patients with JIA experience equivalent levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms as healthy adolescents. For adolescent patients with JIA, anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with pain, disability, and physician global assessment VAS, but not with inflammation.
A Human Liver‐on‐a‐Chip Platform for Modeling Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Lasli Soufian , Kim Han‐Jun , Lee KangJu , Suurmond Ceri‐Anne E. , Goudie Marcus , Bandaru Praveen , Sun Wujin , Zhang Shiming , Zhang Niyuan , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Lee Junmin , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe liver possesses a unique microenvironment with a complex internal vascular system and cell–cell interactions. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease, and although much effort has been dedicated to building models to target NAFLD, most in vitro systems rely on simple models failing to recapitulate complex liver functions. Here, an in vitro system is presented to study NAFLD (steatosis) by coculturing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into spheroids. Analysis of colocalization of HepG2–HUVECs along with the level of steatosis reveals that the NAFLD pathogenesis could be better modeled when 20% of HUVECs are presented in HepG2 spheroids. Spheroids with fat supplements progressed to the steatosis stage on day 2, which could be maintained for more than a week without being harmful for cells. Transferring spheroids onto a chip system with an array of interconnected hexagonal microwells proves helpful for monitoring functionality through increased albumin secretions with HepG2–HUVEC interactions and elevated production of reactive oxygen species for steatotic spheroids. The reversibility of steatosis is demonstrated by simply stopping fat‐based diet or by antisteatotic drug administration, the latter showing a faster return of intracellular lipid levels to the basal level.
Ordered Structures with Functional Units as a Paradigm of Material Design
Authors: Chen Kexin , Li Liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRealizing new functions through the construction of ordered structures not only exists naturally in nature, but also in artificial materials. However, much research focuses more on the relationship between structure and performance rather than on the impact of functional units themselves. Reviewing previous research findings, a “paradigm” of material research is proposed, which is based on ordered structures with functional units (OSFU) such as compositions, phases, domains, and twins. The goal is to draw more intensive attention of researchers to this concept and thus to promote the development of this field toward a deeper and broader direction, producing highly influential research results.