bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les habits neufs du « vieillissement en bonne santé » : activité et environnement
Authors: Moulaert Thibauld 
Published: June 2018

Cet article retrace la genèse du référentiel international d’action publique « Healthy ageing/vieillissement en bonne santé » dans les travaux de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS). Venant remplacer celui du « active ageing/vieillissement actif » dans le dernier Rapport mondial sur le vieillissement et la santé de 2015 de l’OMS (publié en français l’année suivante : OMS, 2016), ce « vieillissement en bonne santé » prend distance avec la seule promotion de l’activité physique focalisée sur l’individu par l’action sur le lifestyle, approche initiale du « vieillissement en bonne santé » dès 1996. Nous appuyant sur le concept de biolégitimité défini par Didier Fassin (1998, p. 40) comme « la manière dont les problèmes sociaux trouvent, non pas leur solution, mais leur expression la plus autorisée dans le langage de la santé publique », nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle l’OMS promeut aujourd’hui une extension sanitaire des domaines du vivant en matière de vieillissement en s’appuyant sur la notion large d’environnement, sans pour autant abandonner celle d’activité. Pour cela, l’OMS déplace son attention des capacités fonctionnelles (intrinsèques) de l’individu au soutien des « aptitudes fonctionnelles ». Ainsi, l’activité physique, si elle n’est pas effacée, devient un facteur de potentialité parmi d’autres afin de permettre aux personnes âgées d’« être et [de] réaliser ce qu’elles ont des raisons de valoriser ».
Du domicile à l’institution : évolution des réseaux de sociabilité
Authors: Desquesnes Gillonne , Monfreux Marion , Rouault Marine 
Published: June 2018

Les recherches sociologiques sur la sociabilité des vieilles personnes sont relativement abondantes depuis le début des années 2000, en revanche la perspective d’analyse en termes de dynamique des réseaux de relations personnelles (Bidart, Degenne et Grossetti, 2011), couplée à l’étude du soutien social circulant à travers les liens, est beaucoup moins fréquente. Le présent article a pour objet d’explorer et de caractériser l’évolution des réseaux de relations de personnes vieillissantes selon une procédure narrative rétrospective, c’est-à-dire avant et après leur entrée en établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées. La réflexion proposée ici s’appuie sur un matériau empirique récolté dans le cadre de seize entretiens de recherche menés auprès de vieilles personnes vivant actuellement dans des lieux d’hébergement pour personnes âgées. Les résultats de recherche montrent l’intérêt heuristique de cette « approche réseau » et les diverses restructurations qui affectent le « petit monde » ou l’entourage social des individus vieillissants une fois entrés en institution.
La standardisation des processus à l’épreuve des risques à l’hôpital
Authors: Benzidia Smaïl , Garidi Sarah , Husson Julien 
Published: June 2018

Le milieu hospitalier subit ces dernières années une multitude de réformes de plus en plus contraignantes en matière de gestion des risques et de qualité des soins. Ces nouvelles exigences résultent de différents facteurs, comme l’évolution de la démographie médicale, la croissance non maitrisée des innovations technologiques et la pénurie de personnel soignant. Ainsi, les hôpitaux se doivent d’adopter des objectifs et méthodes précis pour sécuriser le parcours du patient tout à long de la chaîne du soin et notamment les activités à haut risque. Inspirée du monde industriel, l’approche processus devient aujourd’hui une solution efficace largement adoptée par les hôpitaux. Notre étude de cas traite de la prise en charge des patients par chimiothérapie ; un processus complexe et sensible impliquant de nombreux intermédiaires, aussi bien humains que techniques et technologiques. À travers cet article, nous proposons d’étudier le cas d’un Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) qui face à ces enjeu x a centralisé son unité de fabrication des chimiothérapies. Fondée sur dix-neuf entretiens semi-directifs, notre étude consiste à explorer et à comprendre les enjeux de la standardisation et de l’informatisation pour limiter les risques liés au processus de la prise en charge par chimiothérapie.
T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Manifesting in Patients with HIV-1 Infection: Cases Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rose Ashley M , Isenalumhe Leidy , VanDenBergh Magali , Sokol Lubomir 
Published: June 2018

We report five patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-1/AIDS) who developed T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). None of the patients fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lymphocyte syndrome (DILS) or HIV-associated CD8+ lymphocytosis syndrome at the time of diagnosis of LGLL. The immunophenotype of malignant T-cells was identical in three patients with co-expression of CD3, CD8, CD57, and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta. Three out of five patients were also diagnosed with clonal disorders of B-cell origin including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Two patients developed cytopenias due to T-LGLL prompting initiation of therapy. Our study suggests that chronic viral infection with HIV can contribute to evolution of T-LGLL. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of T-LGLL associated with HIV-1/AIDS resemble those of immunocompetent patients.
INFECTIONS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME IN RELATION TO STAGE AND THERAPY
Authors: Leone Giuseppe , Pagano Livio , Pagano Livio 
Published: June 2018

Infections remain a significant problem in myelodysplastic syndromes in treated as well in non-treated patients and assume a particular complexity. The susceptibility to infections is due, in the absence of intensive chemotherapies, mainly to functional defects in the myeloid lineage with or without neutropenia. Furthermore, MDS include a heterogeneous group of patients with very different prognosis, different therapy and various risk factors regarding survival and infections. You should distinguish risk factors related to the disease, like as neutrophils function impairment, neutropenia, unfavorable cytogenetics and bone marrow insufficiency; factors related to the patient, like as age and comorbidities, and factors related to the therapy. When the patients with MDS are submitted to intensive chemotherapy with and without HSCT, they have a risk factor for infection very similar to that of patients with AML, and mostly related to neutropenia. Patients with MDS treated with supportive therapy only or with demethylating agent or lenalidomide or immunosuppressive drugs should have a tailored approach. Most of the infections in MDS originate from bacteria, and the major risk factors are represented by neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and unfavorable cytogenetics. Thus it is reasonable to give antibacterial prophylaxis in patients who start the therapy with demethylating agents with a number of neutrophils <500, or with thrombocytopenia and unfavorable cytogenetics. The antifungal prophylaxis is not considered cost/benefit adequate and should be taken into consideration only when there is an antecedent fungal infection or presence of filamentous fungi in the surveillance cultures. Subjects submitted to immunosuppression with ATG+CSA have a high number of infections, and when severely neutropenic should ideally be nursed in isolation, should be given prophylactic antibiotics and antifungals, regular mouth care including an antiseptic mouthwash.
Defensiehulp in het licht van een pluraliserende politiefunctie
Authors: Bervoets Eric , Eijgenraam Sander 
Published: June 2018

Military assistance viewed from a plural policing perspective
This contribution focuses on military assistance of the Dutch police with forensic expertise by the army (not being the Dutch gendarmerie, the Koninklijke Marechaussee). The assistance basically consists of helping with search activities, with analysis and observations, all key functions within policing. The central question is: to what extent is this specific military assistance an example of plural policing? Today the armed forces are an essential part of a wider security policy, because the various types of national and international security are increasingly interconnected. This stresses the importance to involve the army in social (national) security. The forensic military assistance the authors studied does, however, not comprise law enforcement or patrolling in public spaces. With that in mind, this kind of assistance cannot automatically be labelled as plural policing. On the other hand, the military assistance contributes to a safe society and from that point of view it is an example of plural policing.
Politie, krijgsmacht en ordehandhaving
Authors: Smeets Jos 
Published: June 2018

Police, army and maintaining public order. A historical perspective (1850-2000)
For a century and a half, the Dutch police and the army cooperated in combating civil disturbances. It was common practice that soldiers were called from their barracks to assist in maintaining public order. However, to deploy the army against civilians raised fundamental questions about its legitimacy. As a result some Dutch police forces began implementing military tactics and using military equipment to do the job themselves. The high watermark of this development lies in the years between the two world wars, when revolution and civic unrest always seemed imminent. The post-war years were marked by the Cold War and fear of communist insurrection. Militarized units were always kept in reserve. Nowadays, the army still renders assistance, usually not ‘manu militari’, but on matters that require special expertise.
A review of groundwater vulnerability assessment in Kenya
Authors: Rendilicha Halake Guyo 
Published: June 2018

Groundwater represents 95% of the world’s unfrozen freshwater. The use of groundwater has significantly increased over the past 50 years and is expected to rise in future due to its high reliability during drought seasons, good quality, generally modest development costs and continuous depletion of surface water. Groundwater pollution is becoming a major threat to fresh groundwater availability and sustainability. The deteriorating groundwater quality and increasing contamination poses detrimental risk to human health and ecosystem in many ways, thereby necessitating the need to study the groundwater vulnerability assessment as a preventive strategy to protect the groundwater from surface pollution. The concept of groundwater vulnerability assessment is dated back in 1970s and applied in many developed countries as an environmental tool used for proper land use planning and decision making without jeopardizing groundwater quality. This paper is a detail review of available literature on the study of groundwater vulnerability assessment in Kenya. The paper revealed that, the vulnerability assessment concept has not been applied as a mechanism to prevent groundwater pollution, hence rarely used in guiding land use planning in Kenya. This review brings to limelight the importance of groundwater vulnerability assessment in management and protection of groundwater resources in Kenya.*Corresponding author; Email:guyesa2016@gmail.com Mobile: 0710953283.1. Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
Groundwater potential in Sierra Leone
Authors: Fileccia Alessio 
Published: June 2018

Groundwater is a major source of safe drinking water throughout Africa. Despite this, little quantitative information on aquifers potential is known in many countries. Sierra Leone has annual precipitation rates of as much of 5000 mm/yr and a capillary net of surface streams, but the hydrogeological aspect was never taken into serious consideration. Between 2016 and 2017, Hydro Nova (USA) conducted an extensive survey on all existing hydrogeological data in the country. The flagship product of this study was the Hydrogeologic Atlas of Sierra Leone, a series of 20 maps complemented with textual notes, published in official digital and hardcopy formats. The project showed that the majority of the 28900 wells, from the national survey, are located in unconfined aquifers of limited extent and of three different types: perched, along large river banks, porous, widely distributed across the country and along the coast and fractured, in the crystalline basement. The latter are generally deep and underlying the surface formation in the lateritic soils. The water table flows from NE to SW following the main water courses and is generally correlated to the topography. The crystalline basement is the common layer at the bottom of the aquifer at depth of 15-80 m. Well yield is normally in the range of 0.3-1.5 l/s and exceptionally 3-6 l/s. Transmissivity is also low (2-3 m2 /d). As a consequence many boreholes must remain unpumped, for some hours, to recover an exploitable water level. The entire report and other publications related to this paper can be accessed via the following link: http://www.salgrid.org
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Four‐Component [5+1+1+1] Cycloadditions via a Quintuple Cascade Process
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zhou Zhi , Yang Qian‐Qian , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn asymmetric four‐component [5+1+1+1] formal cycloaddition reaction of 3‐substituted 2‐cyclopentenones, activated methylene nucleophiles and two molecules of aldehydes is developed under chiral primary aminocatalysis, producing a diversity of highly enantioenriched fused and spirocyclic frameworks with high molecular complexity. Mechanism studies indicate that the current reaction proceeds in a challenging cascade quintuple Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition/retro‐Michael addition/Michael addition/Michael addition sequence via diverse aminocatalytic modes.magnified image
Iron(II)−Polypyridyl Complexes Inhibit the Growth of Glioblastoma Tumor and Enhance TRAIL‐Induced Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Lin Hao , Wang Yifan , Lai Haoqiang , Li Xiaoling , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA promising cancer‐targeting agent for the induction of apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) proteins, the TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) ligand, has found limited applications in the treatment of cancer cells, owing to its resistance by cancer cell lines. Therefore, the rational design of anticancer agents that could sensitize cancer cells towards TRAIL is of great significance. Herein, we report that synthetic iron(II)−polypyridyl complexes are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of glioblastoma cancer cells and efficiently enhancing TRAIL‐induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the synthesized complexes induced cancer‐cell apoptosis through triggering the activation of p38 and p53 and inhibiting the activation of ERK. Moreover, uPA and MMP‐2/MMP‐9, among the most important metastatic regulatory proteins, were also found to be significantly alerted after the treatment. Furthermore, we also found that tumor growth in nude mice was significantly inhibited by iron complex Fe2 through the induction of apoptosis without clear systematic toxicity, as indicated by histological analysis. Taken together, this study provides evidence for the further development of metal‐based anticancer agents and chemosensitizers of TRAIL for the treatment of human glioblastoma cancer cells.
Gold‐Catalyzed Formal C−C Bond Insertion Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐2‐diazoesters with 1,3‐Diketones
Authors: Ren Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Mo , Li Ke , Zhu Shou‐Fei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐catalyzed formal C−C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds is well established, but the related reaction of 1,3‐diketones instead gives C−H bond insertion products. Herein, we report a protocol for a gold‐catalyzed formal C−C bond insertion reaction of 2‐aryl‐2‐diazoesters with 1,3‐diketones, which provides efficient access to polycarbonyl compounds with an all‐carbon quaternary center. The aryl ester moiety plays a crucial role in the unusual chemoselectivity, and the addition of a Brønsted acid to the reaction mixture improves the yield of the C−C bond insertion product. A reaction mechanism involving cyclopropanation of a gold carbenoid with an enolate and ring‐opening of the resulting donor–acceptor‐type cyclopropane intermediate is proposed. This mechanism differs from that of the traditional Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed C−C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds, which involves a rearrangement of a zwitterion intermediate as a key step.
Diversity of Secondary Metabolites in the Liverwort Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Stephani (Jamesoniellaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Neotropical High Mountains
Authors: Costa Denise P. , Amado‐Filho Gilberto M. , Pereira Renato C. , Paradas Wladimir C. , Miyataka Hideki , Okamoto Yasuko , Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: July 2018

In order to evaluate the chemical diversity of Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Stephani, a species with a disjunct distribution in the neotropical high mountains, a phytochemical study was carried out with samples from 12 different populations of different altitudes from four South American countries. The chemical profiles of lipophilic extracts were analyzed by GC/MS for each population and 50 different compounds were found with the predominance and richness of sesquiterpenes. The majority of the compounds were found only in one population and the total number of substances ranged from 1 to 15 among the populations, but these numbers were not correlated with altitude, and characterize each population as distinct, based on similarity analysis. The qualitative and quantitative variations of metabolites found are a response to different conditions, under which they live, mostly likely altitudinal conditions. Further studies on the quantification of these chemicals may provide information on their ecological roles and importance for the distribution of S. rubricaulis at different altitudes. Despite the known richness of secondary metabolites produced by bryophytes, they are still poorly explored in the context of the ecological expressions.
A Possible Path to Prebiotic Peptides Involving Silica and Hydroxy Acid‐Mediated Amide Bond Formation
Authors: McKee Aaron D. , Solano Martin , Saydjari Andrew , Bennett Christopher J. , Hud Nicholas V. , Orlando Thomas M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe formation of alanine and glycine oligomers in films produced by drying aqueous mixtures of lactic acid and silica nanoparticles has been studied as a model prebiotic reaction. The addition of silica results in alanine or glycine enrichment in the polymers. Oligomerization proceeds through ester‐mediated peptide bond formation in an acidic and evaporative environment at temperatures as low as 85 °C. For both amino acids, the dominant species produced in the presence of silica and lactic acid are rich in amide bonds and deficient in ester linkages. At higher temperatures, glycine and alanine oligomers contain only a single hydroxy acid residue conjugated to the peptide N terminus. Similar product distributions occur with silica particles prereacted with lactic acid, which suggests the catalytic role of a functionalized surface. This work highlights the role minerals might have served in transitioning from oligomers with both ester and amide linkages (depsipeptides) to peptides in a prebiotic context.
Investigating the Factor Structure of the iSkills™ Assessment
Authors: Katz Irvin R. , Rijmen Frank , Attali Yigal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFew would argue about the growing importance of information and communication technology (ICT) literacy as relatively new and distinct skills that affect educational attainment, workforce readiness, and lifelong learning. There is less agreement, however, as to what ICT literacy skills and knowledge are, how best to measure them, and strategies for teaching ICT literacy. For teaching and assessment, a core issue is the extent to which ICT literacy can be considered as a collection of discrete skills versus a student's understanding of information as a whole. This report outlines the concept of ICT literacy as implemented in the iSkills™ assessment, an Internet‐delivered, performance‐based assessment designed to measure students' ability to research, organize, and communicate information using technology. Factor analyses of data from more than 600 students support the idea that ICT literacy comprises an integrated set of highly related skills.
Characterization of seven psychoactive pharmaceuticals as N‐nitrosodimethylamine precursors during free chlorine and chlorine dioxide chlorination processes
Authors: Lv Juan , Li Na 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPsychoactive pharmaceuticals used to treat neurological disorders are of great concern because of their frequent detection in the aquatic environment and drinking water. The possibility for concurrent formation of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from psychoactive pharmaceuticals during disinfection is still not well‐studied. In the present study, seven widely used psychoactive drugs were selected due to their possession of a DMA functional group. The NDMA formation potentials of the selected drugs were assessed during free chlorine (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disinfection processes. The influence of several parameters (i.e. disinfectant dose, pH and water matrix) was investigated to better understand the reaction between the drugs and disinfectants that cause the formation of NDMA.RESULTSThe NDMA molar yields of seven pharmaceuticals were higher than 2%. NDMA formation was independent of the pH value, and more NDMA formation was observed during free chlorine chlorination. NDMA generation was enhanced when the selected pharmaceuticals were present in real water matrices, especially in secondary effluent.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that the seven selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals containing dimethylamine groups can serve as NDMA precursors during free chlorine and chlorine dioxide chlorination processes. ClO2 was a proper disinfectant for controlling NDMA formation during chlorination. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Teamwork in extreme environments: Lessons, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Maynard M. Travis , Kennedy Deanna M. , Resick Christian J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGiven the numerous calls for researchers to examine teams in the wild to better understand the impact of context on team dynamics and performance, there has been increased consideration of teams operating within extreme environments. As such, this special issue is focused on better understanding the factors that shape teamwork in extreme environments so that the lessons learned can be leveraged within extreme as well as in other team contexts as appropriate. To this end, we present five exemplar papers that span disciplines, address diverse research questions in unique samples, and employ varied methodologies and research designs. Each of these papers not only contributes new insights to the understanding of teams in extreme environments (i.e., lessons) but also highlights the challenges that exist in conducting research in such contexts and sets the stage for additional opportunities within the extreme team literature moving forward.