bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The double hazard in recovery journey: The experiences of UK Chinese users of mental health services
Authors: Tang Lynn 
Published: April 2019

Background: The recent interest in recovery from mental health problems has not meaningfully addressed the perspectives of ethnic minorities. Aim: To contribute to the discussion of recovery-oriented service with a study on the experience of Chinese people using UK mental health services. Methods: In-depth life history interviews were carried out with the users. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged as hindrances to personal recovery: (1) language difficulty creates hurdles, (2) diagnostic label is experienced as a double-edged sword, (3) treatment-related stigma and (dis)empowerment are identified, and (4) grievances are found in hospitalisation. Discussion: Having mental illness and being an ethnic minority in the UK experienced double hazard in their recovery journey. While the deprivation of agency and the stigma process in the health care system hinders their recovery, they are further disadvantaged by their ethnic minority status. Four pointers for service improvement, that apply to Chinese users in the United Kingdom and have general implications for users beyond this group, are proposed.
E-government as an anti-corruption tool: panel data analysis across countries
Authors: Park Chul Hyun , Kim Koomin 
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, many governments around the world have adopted e-government as an anti-corruption tool. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the impacts of e-government on corruption. Thus, this article aims to empirically examine whether e-government reduces corruption across countries. For this purpose, longitudinal data from 2003 to 2016 were collected from 214 countries and then panel data analysis based on a fixed-effect model was conducted. Analysis results reveal that e-government as a whole significantly reduces corruption, while the effects of open government as one type of e-government are unclear. However, the rule of law moderates the relationship between open government and corruption. That is, in countries with more effective legal systems, open government is more likely to reduce corruption than in countries with less effective legal systems. Points for practitioners E-government as a whole can effectively reduce corruption. Open government, such as open data portals and online discussion forums, does not have a direct impact on the reduction of corruption. Open government can have a conditional impact on corruption, relying on the effectiveness of legal systems.
Interaction between XRCC 1 gene polymorphisms and diabetes on susceptibility to primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wang Chenguang , Qi Shounan , Liu Zaoxia , Su Guanfang , Zheng Yajuan 
Published: April 2019

Our study was designed to investigate the relationship of the POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) risk with the XRCC1 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and other gene–diabetes interactions and haplotype combinations. HWE (Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium) test and GMDR for the best haplotype interaction of four SNPs in XRCC1 gene and diabetes were assessed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that rs25487-A and rs861539-C allele, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.60 (1.19–2.02) and 1.62 (1.20–2.08), respectively, were the associated risk factors with increased POAG. GMDR test indicated that testing accuracy of two-locus model (including rs25487 and T2DM) was 62.11% ( P < 0.01). Therefore, regardless of how the data are partitioned, the highest cross-validation consistency across the multidimensional model is showed by this best model. The analysis indicated that T2DM inﬂuenced the POAG risk depending on the genotypes at rs25487. Pairwise LD analysis suggested that the haplotype G-G was the most common in the POAG patients (49.45%) and in the controls (55.78%), respectively. The results showed that haplotype A-A significantly correlated with a higher POAG risk. The re25487-A and rs861539-c and the interaction of between rs25487 and T2DM and the haplotype A-A were all associated with higher POAG risk. Impact statement Some studies have suggested that diabetes and XRCC gene may be risk factors for glaucoma; however, no studies have focused on the interaction between the XRCC gene and T2DM with respect to POAG risk. Therefore, the present study evaluated the initiative gene–environment interactions in POAG.
Evaluation of a clinical score for predicting atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke patients with insertable cardiac monitors: results from the CRYSTAL AF study
Authors: Zhao Susan X. , Ziegler Paul D. , Crawford Michael H. , Kwong Calvin , Koehler Jodi L. , Passman Rod S. 
Published: April 2019

Background: The HAVOC score was previously developed to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cryptogenic stroke (CS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The purpose of this study was to apply the HAVOC score to patients who received insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) in the CRYSTAL AF study. Methods: All patients from the CRYSTAL AF study who received an ICM were included. HAVOC score (one point each for peripheral vascular disease and obesity with body mass index >30, two points each for hypertension, age ⩾ 75, valvular heart disease, and coronary artery disease, 4 points for congestive heart failure) was computed for all patients. The primary endpoint was AF detection by 12 months of ICM monitoring. Results: A total of 214 patients who received ICM were included. AF was detected in 40 patients while the remaining 174 patients were AF negative. The HAVOC score was significantly higher among patients with AF [median 3.0 with interquartile range (IQR) 2–4] than those without AF [median 2.0 (IQR 0–3)], p = 0.01. AF increased significantly across the three HAVOC score groups: 11% in Group A (score 0–1), 18% in Group B (score 2–3), and 32 % in Group C (score ⩾ 4) with p = 0.02. Conclusions: The HAVOC score was shown in this post hoc analysis of CRYSTAL AF to successfully stratify AF risk post CS or TIA. The 11% AF rate in the lowest HAVOC score group highlights the significance of nontraditional contributors to AF and ischemic stroke.
Cell Cycle Synchronization of Primary Articular Chondrocytes Enhances Chondrogenesis
Authors: Subedar Omar D. , Chiu Loraine L. Y. , Waldman Stephen D. 
Published: April 2019

Objective Although tissue engineering is a promising option for articular cartilage repair, it has been challenging to generate functional cartilaginous tissue. While the synthetic response of chondrocytes can be influenced by various means, most approaches treat chondrocytes as a homogeneous population that would respond similarly. However, isolated cells heterogeneously progress through the cell cycle, which can affect macromolecular biosynthesis. As it is possible to synchronize cells within discrete cell cycle phases, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cell cycle synchronization on the chondrogenic potential of primary articular chondrocytes. Design Different methods of cell synchronization (serum starvation, thymidine, nocodazole, aphidicolin, and RO-3306) were tested for their ability to synchronize primary articular chondrocytes during the process of cell isolation. Cells (unsynchronized and synchronized) were then encapsulated in alginate gels, cultured for 4 weeks, and analyzed for their structural and biochemical properties. Results The double-thymidine method yielded the highest level of cell purity, with cells synchronized in S phase. While the cells started to lose synchronization after 24 hours, tissue constructs developed from initially S phase synchronized cells had significantly higher glycosaminoglycan and collagen II amounts than those developed using unsynchronized cells. Conclusions Initial synchronization led to long-term changes in cartilaginous tissue formation. This effect was postulated to be due to the rapid auto-induction of TGF-βs by actively dividing S phase cells, thereby stimulating chondrogenesis. Cell synchronization methods may also be applied in conjunction with redifferentiation methods to improve the chondrogenic potential of dedifferentiated or diseased chondrocytes.
Injectable Scaffold for Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 to Repair Cartilage
Authors: Vayas Raquel , Reyes Ricardo , Arnau María Rosa , Évora Carmen , Delgado Araceli 
Published: April 2019

Objective The limits of the microfracture (MFX) treatment in terms of lesion size and long-term tissue functionality makes it necessary to investigate different alternatives to repair focal cartilage lesions. The present study aims at evaluating the efficacy of a minimally invasive approach against the conventional MFX to repair a chondral defect in rabbits. An injectable scaffold of BMP-2 pre-encapsulated in PLGA microspheres dispersed in a Pluronic F-127 solution is proposed as support of cells and controlled delivery system for the growth factor. Design MFX was compared versus the injectable system seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), both without BMP-2 and under controlled release of BMP-2 at 2 different doses (3 and 12 µg/scaffold). The different treatments were evaluated on a 4-mm diameter chondral defect model using 9 experimental groups of 4 rabbits (8 knees) each, throughout 24 weeks. Results Histologically, all the treated groups, except MFX treated, responded significantly better than the control group (nontreated defect). Although no significant differences were found between the treated groups, only BMP(12), MSC-BMP(12), and MFX-BMP(3) groups showed nonsignificant differences when compared with the normal cartilage. Conclusions The hydrogel system proposed to control the release rate of the BMP-2 was safe, easily injectable, and also provided good support for cells. Treatments with MSCs or BMP-2 repaired efficiently the chondral lesion created in rabbits, being less invasive than MFX treatment.
The heparin binding domain of von Willebrand factor binds to growth factors and promotes angiogenesis in wound healing
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Ishihara Ako , Starke Richard D. , Peghaire Claire R. , Smith Koval E. , McKinnon Thomas A. J. , Tabata Yoji , Sasaki Koichi , White Michael J. V. , Fukunaga Kazuto , Laffan Mike A. , Lutolf Matthias P. , Randi Anna M. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring wound healing, the distribution, availability, and signaling of growth factors (GFs) are orchestrated by their binding to extracellular matrix components in the wound microenvironment. Extracellular matrix proteins have been shown to modulate angiogenesis and promote wound healing through GF binding. The hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) released by endothelial cells (ECs) in plasma and in the subendothelial matrix has been shown to regulate angiogenesis; this function is relevant to patients in whom VWF deficiency or dysfunction is associated with vascular malformations. Here, we show that VWF deficiency in mice causes delayed wound healing accompanied by decreased angiogenesis and decreased amounts of angiogenic GFs in the wound. We show that in vitro VWF binds to several GFs, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) isoforms and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), mainly through the heparin-binding domain (HBD) within the VWF A1 domain. VWF also binds to VEGF-A and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in human plasma and colocalizes with VEGF-A in ECs. Incorporation of the VWF A1 HBD into fibrin matrices enables sequestration and slow release of incorporated GFs. In vivo, VWF A1 HBD-functionalized fibrin matrices increased angiogenesis and GF retention in VWF-deficient mice. Treatment of chronic skin wounds in diabetic mice with VEGF-A165 and PDGF-BB incorporated within VWF A1 HBD-functionalized fibrin matrices accelerated wound healing, with increased angiogenesis and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Therefore, the VWF A1 HBD can function as a GF reservoir, leading to effective angiogenesis and tissue regeneration.
Management of cancer-associated anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: ASCO/ASH clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Bohlius Julia , Bohlke Kari , Castelli Roberto , Djulbegovic Benjamin , Lustberg Maryam B. , Martino Massimo , Mountzios Giannis , Peswani Namrata , Porter Laura , Tanaka Tiffany N. , Trifirò Gianluca , Yang Hushan , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/American Society of Hematology (ASH) recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer.

Methods:
PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with cancer published from January 31, 2010, through May 14, 2018. For biosimilar ESAs, the literature search was expanded to include meta-analyses and RCTs in patients with cancer or chronic kidney disease and cohort studies in patients with cancer due to limited RCT evidence in the cancer setting. ASCO and ASH convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and revise previous recommendations as needed.

Results:
The primary literature review included 15 meta-analyses of RCTs and two RCTs. A growing body of evidence suggests that adding iron to treatment with an ESA may improve hematopoietic response and reduce the likelihood of RBC transfusion. The biosimilar literature review suggested that biosimilars of epoetin alfa have similar efficacy and safety to reference products, although evidence in cancer remains limited.

Recommendations:
ESAs (including biosimilars) may be offered to patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia whose cancer treatment is not curative in intent and whose hemoglobin has declined to &lt; 10 g/dL. RBC transfusion is also an option. With the exception of selected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, ESAs should not be offered to most patients with nonchemotherapy-associated anemia. During ESA treatment, hemoglobin may be increased to the lowest concentration needed to avoid transfusions. Iron replacement may be used to improve hemoglobin response and reduce RBC transfusions for patients receiving ESA with or without iron deficiency. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines and www.hematology.org/guidelines.
Brain connectomic associations with traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Liu Lan-Ying , Xu Xiao-Pei , Luo Li-Yuan , Zhu Chun-Qing , Li Ya-Ping , Wang Pei-Rong , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Yang Chun-Yu , Hou Hong-Tao , Cao Yu-Lin , Wang Gang , Hui Edward S. , Zhang Zhang-Jin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous in pathogenesis and manifestations. Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity. We previously have shown differential metabolomic profiles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic subtypes of MDD. We further determined brain connectomic associations with TCM subtypes of MDD.

Methods
In this naturalistic study, 44 medication-free patients with a recurrent depressive episode were classified into liver qi stagnation (LQS, n = 26) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency (HSD, n = 18) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis. Healthy subjects (n = 28) were included as controls. Whole-brain white matter connectivity was analyzed on diffusion tensor imaging.

Results
The LQS subtype showed significant differences in multiple network metrics of the angular gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and Heschl’s gyrus compared to the other two groups. The HSD subtype had markedly greater regional connectivity of the insula, parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus than the other two groups, and microstructural abnormalities of the frontal medial orbital gyrus and middle temporal pole. The insular betweenness centrality was strongly inversely correlated with the severity of depression and dichotomized the two subtypes at the optimal cutoff value with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
The LQS subtype is mainly characterized by aberrant connectivity of the audiovisual perception-related temporal-occipital network, whereas the HSD subtype is more closely associated with hyperconnectivity and microstructural abnormalities of the limbic-paralimbic network. Insular connectivity may serve a biomarker for TCM-based classification of depression.
Trial registration Registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02346682) on January 27, 2015
Factors influencing use of community treatment orders and quality of care that people receive: results of a national survey in England and Wales
Authors: Lei Harry , Barnicot Kirsten , Maynard Emily , Etherington Angela , Zalewska Krysia , Quirk Alan , Sanatinia Rahil , Cooper Stephen J. , Crawford Mike J. 
Published: April 2019

Aims and methodWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from the National Audit of Psychosis to identify factors associated with use of community treatment orders (CTOs) and assess the quality of care that people on CTOs receive.ResultsBetween 1.1 and 20.2% of patients in each trust were being treated on a CTO. Male gender, younger age, greater use of in-patient services, coexisting substance misuse and problems with cognition predicted use of CTOs. Patients on CTOs were more likely to be screened for physical health, have a current care plan, be given contact details for crisis support, and be offered cognitive–behavioural therapy.Clinical implicationsCTOs appear to be used as a framework for delivering higher-quality care to people with more complex needs. High levels of variation in the use of CTOs indicate a need for better evidence about the effects of this approach to patient care.
Experiences of a Multidisciplinary Genomic Tumor Board Interpreting Risk for Underlying Germline Variants in Tumor-Only Sequencing Results
Authors: Fishler Kristen P. , Breese Erin H. , Walters-Sen Lauren , McGowan Michelle L. 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE Although analyzing germline and tumor samples concurrently provides the best opportunity for differentiating between germline and somatic mutations, tumor-only sequencing is becoming increasingly common in clinical care. The purpose of this study is to assess how a multidisciplinary genomic tumor board (MGTB) evaluated patients’ tumor-only sequencing results and made genetics referrals. With limited professional society guidance on how to manage pathogenic mutations identified via tumor-only sequencing, this study contemplates the professional knowledge and skills necessary to have represented on an MGTB to interpret these results in context of potential germline findings. METHODS Qualitative interviews with MGTB members and an ethnographic case study of a breast cancer MGTB at a National Cancer Institute cancer center were examined. RESULTS This MGTB discussed 34 cases of women with advanced-stage breast cancer over 13 months. Interviews and observations of MGTB meetings indicated that members of the MGTB contemplated whether variants were germline or somatic and potential for identification of germline cancer predisposition. On the basis of existing professional society guidelines, 18 patients would be eligible for germline testing. However, the MGTB only referred 11 patients (61%) for additional germline testing, and the remaining seven patients (39%) were not referred, raising questions about the kind of genomic expertise needed on an MGTB to optimize results interpretation and referrals. CONCLUSION To ensure adequate interpretation, recommendation, and communication of tumor sequencing results, an MGTB should include professionals with knowledge and experience in clinical translation of tumor sequencing, testing methodology, molecular pathology, cancer biology, genomic pathways, germline variant interpretation, evaluation of family history, and application of professional recommendations for germline testing after tumor-only sequencing. These skills may not be held by a single professional on an MGTB.
Catabolic activity of osteoblast lineage cells contributes to osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro
Authors: Pirapaharan Dinisha Cyril , Olesen Jacob Bastholm , Andersen Thomas Levin , Christensen Sandra Bjerre , Kjærsgaard-Andersen Per , Delaisse Jean-Marie , Søe Kent 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Osteoblast lineage cells in human bone were recently shown to colonize eroded bone surfaces and to closely interact with osteoclasts. They proved to be identical to reversal cells and are believed to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts thereby coupling resorption and formation. However, they also exert catabolic activity that contributes to osteoclastic bone resorption, but this has not received much attention. Herein, we used co-cultures of primary human osteoblast lineage cells and human osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood monocytes to investigate whether a catabolic activity of osteoblast lineage cells could impact on osteoclastic bone resorption. Through a combination of immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and time-lapse experiments, we show that MMP-13-expressing osteoblast lineage cells are attracted to and closely interact with bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This close interaction results in a strong and significant increase in the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts – especially those making trenches. Importantly, we show that osteoclastic bone resorption becomes sensitive to inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases in the presence, but not in the absence, of osteoblast lineage cells. We propose that this may be due to the direct action of osteoblast-lineage-derived MMP-13 on bone resorption.
The route of the visual receptor rhodopsin along the cilium
Authors: Chadha Abhishek , Volland Stefanie , Baliaouri Natella V. , Tran Elaine M. , Williams David S. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The photoreceptor outer segment is the most elaborate primary cilium, containing large amounts of rhodopsin (RHO) in disk membranes that grow from a connecting cilium. The movement of RHO along the connecting cilium precedes formation of the disk membranes. However, the route that RHO takes has not been clearly determined; some reports suggest that it follows an intracellular, vesicular route along the axoneme, possibly as an adaptation for the high load of delivery or the morphogenesis of the disk endomembranes. We addressed this question by studying RHO in cilia of IMCD3 cells and mouse rod photoreceptors. In IMCD3 cilia, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments with fluorescently tagged RHO supported the idea of RHO motility in the ciliary plasma membrane and was inconsistent with the hypothesis of RHO motility within the lumen of the cilium. In rod photoreceptors, FRAP of RHO–EGFP was altered by externally applied lectin, supporting the idea of plasmalemmal RHO dynamics. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy corroborated our live-cell conclusions, as RHO was found to be distributed along the plasma membrane of the connecting cilium, with negligible labeling within the axoneme. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate RHO trafficking entirely via the ciliary plasma membrane.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.