bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children in Identified Sexual Images – Who Are they? Self‐ and Non‐Self‐Taken Images in the International Child Sexual Exploitation Image Database 2006–2015
Authors: Quayle Ethel , Jonsson Linda S. , Cooper Karen , Traynor James , Svedin Carl Göran 
Published: March 2018

Child sexual abuse and exploitation material has drawn concern and legislative attention since the turn of the century, and the work to identify children in the images has been a prioritised task through international cooperation. The International Child Sexual Exploitation Image Database (ICSE DB) includes more than 8000 identified victims from nearly 50 countries. The database contains considerable important information about child abuse image crimes. The general aim of this study was to quantify the characteristics of children in identified illegal images from the UK ICSE DB (n = 687) with the subsidiary aim to describe differences between cases of self‐taken images and those whose images had been taken by others. The analysis showed an increase in identified victims during the study years 2006–2015. Almost two‐thirds were female, the majority were white and 44.3 per cent of images were self‐taken (34.4% taken in a coercive and 9.9% in a non‐coercive relationship). Since 2010, the number of self‐taken images each year has exceeded more than 40 per cent of the total number of images in the database. Although self‐taken images may be perceived as less worrisome, two‐thirds were classified as coercive. This is an important argument in favour of continuing to investigate these cases under victim identification programmes.‘The general aim of this study was to quantify the characteristics of children in identified illegal images from the UK ICSE DB’Key Practitioner Messages

The ICSE DB includes more than 8000 identified victims and contains important information about child abuse image crimes.
A majority of the identified victims were female and white children.
Almost half of all images were self‐taken and had been taken in a coercive relationship. Parents and practitioners need to recognise that even if a child sends sexual images these should be considered worrisome and therefore investigated further.
Are we in this Together? Post‐Separation Co‐Parenting of Fathers with and without a History of Domestic Violence
Authors: Thompson‐Walsh Catherine A. , Scott Katreena L. , Dyson Amanda , Lishak Victoria 
Published: March 2018

This paper explores features of post‐separation co‐parenting from fathers' perspectives in men with and without a history of domestic violence (DV). Co‐parenting interview data from 20 fathers were randomly selected from a larger, longitudinal study (Fathers and Kids) conducted in Toronto, Canada, examining how domestically violent fathers impact children's development. Using thematic analysis, three themes were created for separated fathers without a history of DV: I value my ex‐partner's involvement with our child; we're good as co‐parents; and how we co‐parent impacts our child. Two themes were created for DV fathers: my ex‐partner is a bad mother; and my ex‐partner is responsible for our difficulties co‐parenting. These themes indicate markedly different perspectives between the two groups, specifically in valuing versus disparaging their ex‐partner, cooperation versus blame, and recognition versus no recognition of the potential impact of ongoing co‐parenting conflict on children. The nature of the differences between groups highlights the need to assess and support fathers with a history of DV as co‐parents, and indicates possible targets of intervention for fathering programmes.‘Explores features of post‐separation co‐parenting from fathers' perspectives in men with and without a history of domestic violence’Key Practitioner Messages

For most fathers with a history of DV perpetration, co‐parenting problems persisted post‐separation.
Narratives of most DV fathers demonstrated overwhelmingly negative evaluations of ex‐partners, predominant patterns of blaming mothers for difficulties and lack of insight into the impact of co‐parenting conflict on children.
Decisions about the involvement of DV fathers post‐separation should be preceded by thorough and ongoing assessment and, for those with ongoing contact, support in order to safely and effectively co‐parent.
Recognition and Conformational Properties of an Alternative Antithrombin Binding Sequence Obtained by Chemoenzymatic Synthesis
Authors: Stancanelli Eduardo , Elli Stefano , Hsieh Po‐Hung , Liu Jian , Guerrini Marco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHeparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of natural origin used as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug. These properties are principally based on the binding and activation of antithrombin (AT) through the pentasaccharide sequence GlcNAc/NS,6S‐GlcA‐GlcNS,3,6S‐IdoA2S‐GlcNS,6S (AGA*IA). Literature data show that the population of the 2S0 ring conformation of the 2‐O‐sulfo‐α‐l‐iduronic acid (IdoA2S) motif correlates with the affinity and activation of AT. It was recently demonstrated that two synthetic AGA*IA‐containing hexasaccharides (one G unit added at the reducing end), differing in the degree of sulfation of the IdoA unit, show comparable affinity and ability to activate AT, despite a different conformation of the IdoA residue. In this paper, the binding of these two glycans to AT was studied by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC), transferred (tr‐) NOESY, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results indicated that both the IdoA2S and the IdoA units assume a 2S0 conformation when bound with AT, and so present a common binding epitope for the two glycans, centred on the AGA*IA sequence.
Comparison of the planned one‐ and elective two‐stent techniques in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions with or without acute coronary syndrome from the COBIS II Registry
Authors: Kim Min Chul , Ahn Youngkeun , Sun Sim Doo , Joon Hong Young , Han Kim Ju , Ho Jeong Myung , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Rha Seung Woon , Yoon Jung Han , Jang Yangsoo , Tahk Seung‐Jea , Seung Ki Bae 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impacts of stent techniques on long‐term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug‐eluting stents (DES) for coronary bifurcation lesions in patients with or without acute coronary syndrome (ACS).BackgroundFew studies have investigated the impacts of stent techniques for treating coronary bifurcation lesions in patients with and without ACS.MethodsThis multicenter registry enrolled 2,897 patients undergoing PCI with DES for coronary bifurcation lesions. We investigated the impacts of planned one‐stent and elective two‐stent techniques in patients with (n = 1,798) and those without (n = 1,099) ACS. Primary endpoint was the incidence of 3‐year target‐lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, spontaneous myocardial infarction, and target‐lesion revascularization.ResultsThe planned one‐stent technique reduced TLF rate compared to elective two‐stent technique in the ACS cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.74; P = 0.001), and not in the non‐ACS cohort (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.35–1.06; P = 0.079). After propensity score matching, the planned one‐stent technique had a significantly lower TLF rate (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.29–0.74; P = 0.001) in patients with ACS, and it also showed a trend toward lower TLF rate with the planned one‐stent technique in patients without ACS (9.0 vs. 14.5%, HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.32–1.14; P = 0.116).ConclusionsPlanned one‐stenting reduced TLF in patients with ACS and it also might be beneficial in those without ACS for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions.
Treatment of infrapopliteal post‐PTA dissection with tack implants: 12‐month results from the TOBA‐BTK study
Authors: Brodmann Marianne , Wissgott Christian , Holden Andrew , Staffa Robert , Zeller Thomas , Vasudevan Thodur , Schneider Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Tack implant is designed for focal, minimal metal management of dissections. This study evaluated Tacks for treating postpercutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) dissection in patients with below‐the‐knee (BTK) arterial occlusive disease.BackgroundPTA is the most commonly used endovascular treatment for patients with occlusive disease of the BTK vessels. Post‐PTA dissection is a significant clinical problem that results in poor outcomes, but currently there are limited treatment options for managing dissections.MethodsThis prospective, single‐arm study evaluated patients with CLI and BTK lesions; 11.4% were Rutherford category (RC) 4 and 88.6% were RC 5. BTK occlusive disease was treated with standard PTA and post‐PTA dissections were treated with Tack placement. The primary safety endpoint was a composite of major adverse limb events (MALE) and perioperative death (POD) at 30 days. Other endpoints included: device success; procedure success (vessel patency in the absence of MALE); freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR); primary patency; and changes in RC. Data through 12 months are presented.ResultsThirty‐two of 35 (91.4%) patients had post‐PTA dissection and successful deployment of Tacks. Procedural success was achieved in 34/35 (97.1%) patients with no MALEs at 30 days. The 12‐month patency rate was 78.4% by vessel, 77.4% by patient, and freedom from CD‐TLR was 93.5%. Significant (P < .0001) improvement from baseline was observed in RC (75% of patients improved 4 or 5 steps).ConclusionTack implant treatment of post‐PTA dissection was safe and effective for treatment of BTK dissections and resulted in reasonable 12‐month patency and low rates of CD‐TLR.
Recent Advances in Catalysis with Transition‐Metal Pincer Compounds
Authors: Valdés Hugo , García‐Eleno Marco A. , Canseco‐Gonzalez Daniel , Morales‐Morales David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPincer complexes are useful tools for organic synthesis. Their high stability and easy functionalization have allowed the development of novel catalytic systems that have had a tremendous impact in different areas of chemistry. Thus, catalytic reactions are nowadays a fundamental part of several synthetic routes, as they allow “greener” procedures with high atom efficiency. In this context, pincer complexes have contributed to the establishment of novel and efficient catalytic reactions. Thus, herein we summarize the most recent relevant advances involving pincer complexes as catalysts.
Evidence of Hybrid Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Catalysis in a Pt/Au Heterobimetallic System
Authors: Alonso José Miguel , Paz Muñoz María 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report here our efforts towards understanding the catalytic species involved in a novel Pt/Au heterobimetallic system capable of efficiently catalysing the tandem cyclisation/C−X coupling reaction of heteroarylallenes with C‐ and N‐based nucleophiles. Our results confirm that homogeneous Au‐catalysis is involved at the beginning of the reaction to generate an intermediate that enters the second catalytic cycle in which hybrid homogeneous–heterogeneous catalysis by [Pt–Au] clusters could be responsible for the high efficiency. In this part of the cycle, [Pt–AuPPh3] homogeneous clusters (identified by 31P NMR analysis) seem to be aided by Pt–Au particles in the heterogeneous phase (supported by Hg poisoning, filtration experiments and characterisation of the possible catalytic species by several techniques, such us 31P NMR spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, SEM and dynamic light scattering experiments). Here, full Pt‐to‐Au transmetallation was not observed contrary to the results with other bimetallic systems. Although a few examples of hybrid homogeneous–heterogeneous catalysis in monometallic systems exist, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of hybrid homogeneous–heterogeneous catalysis in systems involving two different metals.
Rational Design and Fabrication of Noble‐metal‐free NixP Cocatalyst Embedded 3D N‐TiO2/g‐C3N4 Heterojunctions with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wu Mao , Zhang Jin , Liu Chunxiao , Gong Yansheng , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Wang Huanwen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and efficient noble‐metal‐free photocatalytic materials is crucial for the hydrogen production through water splitting. Herein, N‐TiO2/g‐C3N4 heterostructure loaded with a noble‐metal‐free NixP cocatalyst was prepared by the combination of ammonia etching and photo‐reduction deposition method. The results demonstrated that N‐doped TiO2 (N‐TiO2) nanosheets were formed and stood upright on the surfaces of g‐C3N4 nanosheets, forming a 3D structure. The ternary hybridization of N‐TiO2/g‐C3N4@NixP hierarchical nanostructure was a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution, showing an optimized hydrogen evolution rate of 5438 μmol g−1⋅h−1 using 300 W Xe lamp as irradiation source, which was 7.5 times higher than that of N‐TiO2/g‐C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the combined effects of NixP cocatalyst loading and the formation of the intimate nanoheterojunctions between TiO2 nanosheets and g‐C3N4 nanosheets, which were favorable for promoting charge transfer. The present work would provide a novel facile preparation and practical application of many other noble‐metal‐free metal phosphides as a highly efficient cocatalyst for hydrogen production through water splitting.
Application of N‐Doped MoS2 Nanocrystals for Removal of Azo Dyes in Wastewater
Authors: Lu Haijiao , Wang Jingkang , Tian Beiqian , Huang Xin , Bi Jingtao , Wang Ting , Hao Hongxun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs persistent and detrimental contaminants, azo dyes are difficult to be removed from wastewater. It is a worldwide challenge to develop efficient technologies for their removal. Adsorption is widely recognized to be a practical, efficient, and low‐cost technology for removal of contaminants. Compared with various conventional adsorbents, MoS2 nanocrystals possess larger specific surface area, higher surface energy, and better adsorptive properties. Since nitrogen‐doping is a common approach for modification of materials, N‐doped MoS2 nanocrystals (NDMN) were first used as adsorbents for removal of the azo dye methyl orange. Compared with bulk MoS2 and MoS2 nanocrystals, NDMN showed much higher efficiency and reusability. This study provides inspiration for exploring and expanding the applications of NDMN.
Cyanidation of Gold Associated with Silver Minerals in Sulfide Mineral Matrices
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Larachi Faïçal , Adnot Alain 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLead salt stimulated the dissolution of gold when gold associated with silver minerals was interspersed in the silica or in the pyrite‐silica layer. Gold dissolution was likewise promoted through lead addition for chalcopyrite‐silica and the sphalerite‐silica systems. Lead addition did not boost gold dissolution and a recovery of 6.9 % was achieved for gold and silver minerals dispersed in stibnite. Lead pretreatment also enhanced gold recovery except for the stibnite‐silica system. Gold surface‐passivating films were observed for gold associated with silver minerals and stibnite.
Growth Rate Measurements of Organic Crystals in a Cone‐Shaped Fluidized‐Bed Cell
Authors: Ostermann Marie-Christine , Termühlen Maren , Schembecker Gerhard , Wohlgemuth Kerstin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKnowledge of crystal growth rates and the factors that affect these rates is often an essential prerequisite for designing industrial processes that yield a desired crystalline product. Herein, the effects of saturation temperature, supersaturation, and seed‐crystal size on the overall linear growth rate of L‐alanine were examined by using a cone‐shaped fluidized‐bed cell. For a systematic investigation, a “design of experiment” approach was applied that used a two‐level full‐factorial design. It was found that the interaction effects of the three factors mentioned above play a considerable role in interpreting the effect of each individual factor on the growth rate. These interaction effects must be considered when gaining knowledge of crystal growth for the purpose of process design.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Dielectric Decrement of Ion Solutions
Authors: Pache Dennis , Schmid Rochus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations, using a classical force field model, have been used to determine the dependence of the static relative dielectric constant of ion solutions with respect to the nature and concentration of the ions and the field strength. The experimentally observed effect of a reduction of the dielectric permittivity due to solvated ions is known as dielectric decrement. We used both the polarization fluctuation at zero field and the constant dielectric displacement method for finite fields to determine the dielectric constant of the bulk solution. All the experimentally observed tendencies of the dielectric decrement could be qualitatively reproduced. The analysis of different solute solvent radial distribution functions indicate that the dielectric decrement arises from the competition between the macroscopic electric field and the local water‐ion interaction. The results suggest that the electric field eventually manages to overcome the local molecular interactions, breaking up the structure of the solvation shell and thus lowering the ion's effect on the dielectric constant. This effect seems to correlate with the solvation energy of the individual ions as well as the type of counter ion, indicating that also long range interactions might play a role. The results can be used to improve especially continuum electrolyte models, used to study electrochemical interfaces, where currently the dielectric decrement is generally not included.
Ni12P5 Nanoparticles Hinged by Carbon Nanotubes as 3D Mesoporous Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Bei , Ru Qiang , Su Chiquan , Cheng Shikun , Liu Peng , Guo Qing , Hou Xianhua , Su Shichen , Ling Francis Chi‐Chung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA unique 3D mesoporous interconnected Ni12P5/CNTs hybrid was constructed by a facile one‐step hydrothermal method and investigated as anode toward lithium‐ion batteries. The results show that Ni12P5 nanoparticles are well hinged by the flexible CNTs, forming a hierarchically integrated structure. The system delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1108 mAh g−1 and a high reversible discharge capacity of 676 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Furthermore, the hybrid also achieved long‐term cycling stability and good rate capability, such as 584 mAh g−1 at a current density of 400 mA g−1 after 240 cycles and 245 mAh g−1 at a rate current density of 3200 mA g−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of increased specific surface area, mesoporous structures, and 3D interconnected conductive network
Strictly conservative expected values in the case of heteroscedastic errors and their application to evidential breath alcohol confidence intervals for concentration measurements
Authors: Taavitsainen Veli‐Matti , Muuriaisniemi‐Skippari Kirsi , Gunnar Teemu , Ihalainen Heikki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this study, 2 different methods for determining strictly conservative confidence intervals for expected values in the case of heteroscedastic errors are presented. A conservative confidence interval means that a given false positive error rate is not exceeded. The novelty in both approaches is in carrying out the required approximations in such a way that this property holds. The other method is based on variance stabilizing transformations and given as 2 variants, Transformation Models I and II. For variant II, a rigorous proof is given to show that a given false positive error rate is not exceeded if the underlying distributional assumptions are valid. The second method is based on modeling the variance as a function of the expected value, and this is also given as 2 variants, Variance Models I and II. In all cases, only random errors are considered. The methods were tested and compared by applying them to a real case of breath alcohol concentration measurements performed by the Finnish law enforcement authorities, and also by simulation studies. The methods compared were studied by simulating a sample that had the same distributional properties as the real data. These studies showed that Variance Model I is overly conservative, and Variance Model II doesn't quite satisfy the set rate. Both transformation models give too many false positives at concentrations levels exceeding the prosecution limits, but in the range of prosecution limits they could be used.
Iron Precatalysts with Bulky Tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligands for the Dehydrocoupling of Dimethylamine‐Borane
Authors: Turner Joshua , Chilton Nicholas F. , Kumar Amit , Colebatch Annie L. , Whittell George R. , Sparkes Hazel A. , Weller Andrew S. , Manners Ian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to prepare new Fe catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of amine‐boranes and to provide mechanistic insight, the paramagnetic FeII dimeric complex [Cp′FeI]2 (1) (Cp′=η5‐((1,2,4‐tBu)3C5H2)) was used as a precursor to a series of cyclopentadienyl FeII and FeIII mononuclear species. The complexes prepared were [Cp′Fe(η6‐Tol)][Cp′FeI2] (2) (Tol=C6H5Me), [Cp′Fe(η6‐Tol)][BArF4] (3) (BArF4=[B(C6H3(m‐CF3)2)4]−), [N(nBu)4][Cp′FeI2] (4), Cp′FeI2 (5), and [Cp′Fe(MeCN)3][BArF4] (6). The electronic structure of the [Cp′FeI2]− anion in 2 and 4 was investigated by SQUID magnetometry, EPR spectroscopy and ab initio Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field‐Spin Orbit (CASSCF‐SO) calculations, and the studies revealed a strongly anisotropic S=2 ground state. Complexes 1–6 were investigated as catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of Me2NH⋅BH3 (I) in THF at 20 °C to yield the cyclodiborazane product [Me2N‐BH2]2 (IV). Complexes 1–4 and 6 were active dehydrocoupling catalysts towards I (5 mol % loading), however 5 was inactive, and ultra‐violet (UV) irradiation was required for the reaction mediated by 3. Complex 6 was found to be the most active precatalyst, reaching 80 % conversion to IV after 19 h at 22 °C. Dehydrocoupling of I by 1–4 proceeded via formation of the aminoborane Me2N=BH2 (II) as the major intermediate, whereas for 6 the linear diborazane Me2NH‐BH2‐NMe2‐BH3 (III) could be detected, together with trace amounts of II. Reactions of 1 and 6 with Me3N⋅BH3 were investigated in an attempt to identify Fe‐based intermediates in the catalytic reactions. The σ‐complex [Cp′Fe(MeCN)(κ2‐H2BH⋅NMe2H][BArF4] was proposed to initially form in dehydrocoupling reactions involving 6 based on ESI‐MS (ESI=Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectroscopy) and NMR spectroscopic evidence. The latter also suggests that these complexes function as precursors to iron hydrides which may be the true catalytic species.
Structure of Ancient Glass by 29Si Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bradford Henry , Ryder Amy , Henderson Julian , Titman Jeremy J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy has been applied for the first time to the structural analysis of ancient glass samples obtained from archaeological excavations. The results show that it is possible to establish the distribution of Si environments in ancient glass by 29Si MAS NMR, so long as the concentrations of magnetic impurities, such as Mn and Fe oxides, are low. In general, good agreement has been obtained with compositions determined by means of electron probe microanalysis. In addition, the 29Si MAS NMR data reveal structural differences between glasses manufactured at separate ancient sites.