bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Isobutane Oxidation to tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide in a Micro Reactor – Comparison of DTBP and Aqueous TBHP as Initiator
Authors: Willms Thomas , Kryk Holger , Hampel Uwe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe oxidation of isobutane has been investigated for the first time in a micro reactor for a wide range of process conditions comparing the product ratios obtained with di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as initiator. DTBP led to nearly the double conversion compared to the same concentration of TBHP, but the selectivity of TBHP using TBHP as initiator was higher. Using aqueous TBHP, the conversions reached up to 6 % in case of supercritical conditions but stayed below 2 % in case of two‐phase flow experiments. With TBHP in decane as initiator a high conversion was reached but nearly no TBHP was formed. It seems that the silicon layer of the micro reactor was not stable under such experimental conditions. In the present work, for the first time a conversion level near to that of the industrial batch process has been reached in a micro reactor for the isobutane oxidation.
The Relevance of XBRL Voluntary Disclosure for Stock Market Valuation: The Role of Corporate Governance
Authors: Cormier Denis , Dufour Dominique , Luu Philippe , Teller Pierre , Teller Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relevance for stock market pricing of accounting earnings of voluntary disclosures in XBRL files considering the quality of corporate governance. Results are the following. It appears that XBRL extensions attract financial analysts. Good governance is positively associated with voluntary XBRL extensions. We observe that XBRL extensions enhance the positive relationship between accounting earnings and stock price. However, this positive association is reduced for firms with good governance, suggesting a substitution effect between XBRL extensions and corporate governance. Finally, it appears that XBRL extensions would strategically be related to earnings quality. This research highlights the importance to consider governance when assessing the value relevance of XBRL disclosures for stock market pricing.
Behaviour‐Based and Outcome‐Based Control Systems: A Meta‐Analytic Study
Authors: de Oliveira Santini Fernando , Vieira Valter Afonso , Ladeira Wagner Junior , Sampaio Claudio Hoffmann 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSales control systems are instruments used by firms to improve performance and other organizational outcomes. To understand their antecedents and consequences, this paper conducts a meta‐analysis based on 104 studies. The results showed significant relationships between behaviour‐ and outcome‐based control systems and the complexity of the products, bonuses, financial performance, sales innovation, organizational support and satisfaction with supervisors. The outcomes revealed that behaviour‐based control systems were the most effective mechanism in turbulent markets and for determining financial performance. However, outcome‐based control systems were the most efficient instrument for complex products.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and mortality in VA patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators
Authors: Ofman Peter , Hoffmeister Peter , Kaloupek Danny G. , Gagnon David R. , Peralta Adelqui , Djousse Luc , Gaziano J. Michael , Rahilly‐Tierney Catherine R. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mortality in patients undergoing implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) placement has not been evaluated in US veterans.HypothesisPTSD in veterans with ICD is associated with increased mortality.MethodsWe studied a retrospective cohort of 25 678 veterans who underwent ICD implantation between September 30, 2002, and December 31, 2011. Of these subjects, 3280 carried the diagnosis of PTSD prior to ICD implantation. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality between date of ICD implantation and end of follow‐up (September 30, 2013). We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute multivariable adjusted hazard ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the relation between PTSD diagnosis and death following ICD placement.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 4.21 ± 2.62 years, 11 015 deaths were reported. The crude incidence rate of death was 87.8 and 103.9/1000 person‐years for people with and without PTSD, respectively. We did not find an association between presence of PTSD before or after ICD implantation and incident death when adjusted for multiple risk factors (hazard ratio: 1.003, 95% confidence interval: 0.948–1.061). In secondary analysis, no statistically significant association was found.ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort study among more than 25 000 veterans undergoing ICD implantation, almost 13% had a diagnosis of PTSD. Subjects with PTSD were significantly younger, yet they had a higher incidence of coronary heart disease, major cardiac comorbidities, cancer, and mental health conditions. We found no association between presence of PTSD before or after ICD implantation and incident death when adjusting for all covariates.
Association between transthoracic impedance and electrical cardioversion success with biphasic defibrillators: An analysis of 1055 shocks for atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Sadek Mouhannad M. , Chaugai Varsha , Cleland Mark J. , Zakutney Timothy J. , Birnie David H. , Ramirez F. Daniel 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe relevance of transthoracic impedance (TTI) to electrical cardioversion (ECV) success for atrial tachyarrhythmias when using biphasic waveform defibrillators is unknown.HypothesisTTI is predictive of ECV success with contemporary defibrillators.MethodsDe‐identified data stored in biphasic defibrillator memory cards from ECV attempts for atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) over a 2‐year period at our center were evaluated. ECV success, defined as arrhythmia termination and ≥ 1 sinus beat, was adjudicated by 2 blinded cardiac electrophysiologists. The association between TTI and ECV success was assessed via Cochrane‐Armitage trend and Spearman rank correlation tests, as well as simple and multivariable logistic regression. The influence of TTI on the number of shocks and on cumulative energy delivered per patient was also examined.Results703 patients (593 with AF, 110 with AFL) receiving 1055 shocks were included. Last shock success was achieved in 88.0% and 98.2% of patients with AF and AFL, respectively. In patients with AF, TTI was positively associated with last shock failure (Ptrend =0.019), the need for multiple shocks (Ptrend <0.001), and cumulative energy delivered (ρ = 0.348; P < 0.001). After adjusting for first shock energy, 10‐Ω increments in TTI were associated with odds ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.24–1.49) and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09–1.37) for first and last shock failure, respectively (P < 0.001 for both).ConclusionsAlthough contemporary defibrillators are designed to compensate for TTI, this variable continues to be associated with ECV failure in patients with AF. Strategies to lower TTI during ECV for AF may improve procedural success.
Initial apixaban dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Buchholz Alexander , Ueberham Laura , Gorczynska Kaja , Dinov Borislav , Hilbert Sebastian , Dagres Nikolaos , Husser Daniela , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundApixaban is a non–vitamin K oral anticoagulant approved for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Current labeling recommends dose reduction based on patient age, weight, and renal function.HypothesisThe aim of this study was to analyze adherence to current labeling instructions concerning initial apixaban dosing in clinical practice and identify factors associated with inappropriate dose reduction.MethodsPatients with AF initiated on apixaban in 2016 were identified in the Heart Center Leipzig database. Records were screened to identify patient characteristics, prescribed apixaban dose, renal function, and further dosing‐relevant secondary diagnoses and co‐medication.ResultsWe identified 569 consecutive patients with AF initiated on apixaban. In 301 (52.9%) patients, apixaban was prescribed in standard dose (5 mg b.i.d.) and in 268 (47.1%) in a reduced dose (2.5 mg b.i.d.). Of 268 patients receiving a reduced dose, 163 (60.8%) did not meet labeling criteria for dose reduction. In univariate and multivariate regression analysis, age (OR: 0.736, 95% CI: 0.664–0.816, P < 0.0001), patient weight (OR: 1.120, 95% CI: 1.076–1.166, P < 0.0001), and serum creatinine level (OR: 0.910, 95% CI: 0.881–0.940, P < 0.0001) were independent predictors for apixaban underdosage.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, apixaban dosing is frequently inconsistent with labeling. Factors associated with inappropriate dose reduction are age, patient weight, and serum creatinine level, the same factors used as criteria for dose adjustment. However, in underdosed patients, the 3 factors did not meet the criteria for dose reduction.
Complex epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and their responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in previously untreated advanced lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Shuyuan , Qian Jie , Yang Wenjia , Qian Fangfei , Lu Jun , Zhang Yanwei , Qiao Rong , Han Baohui 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDTwo or more different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can be detected within a single tumor sample, which represents complex mutations. However, the frequency and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments for patients harboring these mutations are unknown.METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2017, patients diagnosed with EGFR mutations were screened. The effectiveness of TKIs in patients with complex mutations was retrospectively analyzed.RESULTSA total of 16,840 subjects were screened, and there were 5898 positive patients. One hundred eighty‐seven patients (3.2% of all patients with EGFR mutations) had complex EGFR mutations, and 51 of the patients with advanced adenocarcinoma were treated with TKIs as a first‐line treatment. The objective response rates for patients who had Del‐19+21L858R mutations (n = 15), Del‐19/21L858R+atypical mutations (n = 16), double atypical mutations (n = 8), and complex mutations with a primary drug‐resistant pattern (n = 12) were 75.0%, 60.0%, 71.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. The median progression‐free survival times for the 4 groups were 18.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6‐25.9 months), 9.7 months (95% CI, 3.3‐15.8 months), 9.6 months (95% CI, 3.3‐19.0 months), and 1.4 months (95% CI, 0.4‐2.3 months), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThese results from the largest sample size suggest that EGFR‐TKI therapy is effective in patients with Del‐19+21L858R mutations, Del‐19/21L858R+atypical mutations, and double atypical mutations but is less effective in patients with a primary drug‐resistant pattern. Patients with the Del‐19+21L858R mutations may, therefore, benefit more from treatment with first‐generation TKIs. Cancer 2018;124:2399‐406. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
FoxP in bees: A comparative study on the developmental and adult expression pattern in three bee species considering isoforms and circuitry
Authors: Schatton Adriana , Mendoza Ezequiel , Grube Kathrin , Scharff Constance 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMutations in the transcription factors FOXP1, FOXP2, and FOXP4 affect human cognition, including language. The FoxP gene locus is evolutionarily ancient and highly conserved in its DNA‐binding domain. In Drosophila melanogaster FoxP has been implicated in courtship behavior, decision making, and specific types of motor‐learning. Because honeybees (Apis mellifera, Am) excel at navigation and symbolic dance communication, they are a particularly suitable insect species to investigate a potential link between neural FoxP expression and cognition. We characterized two AmFoxP isoforms and mapped their expression in the brain during development and in adult foragers. Using a custom‐made antiserum and in situ hybridization, we describe 11 AmFoxP expressing neuron populations. FoxP was expressed in equivalent patterns in two other representatives of Apidae; a closely related dwarf bee and a bumblebee species. Neural tracing revealed that the largest FoxP expressing neuron cluster in honeybees projects into a posterior tract that connects the optic lobe to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, predicting a function in visual processing. Our data provide an entry point for future experiments assessing the function of FoxP in eusocial Hymenoptera.
The quantitative research of landscape color: A study of Ming Dynasty City Wall in Nanjing
Authors: Cheng Yuning , Tan Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDue to the richness of landscape color, together with the complexity of the environment, the objective measurement of landscape color has become very difficult. The evaluation and design of landscape color has depended on the perceptual experience acquired by the designer's eyes over a long period of time without objective and scientific basis in quantitative aspects. Therefore, development of a protocol for evalutation of environmental color change based on instrumental measurement in order to realize the quantitative expression of landscape color and to describe objectively the visual effect of the landscape color composition objectively, is a crucial factor in the landscape design process. This report takes the quantitative analysis of the color of the Ming Dynasty City Wall in Nanjing as a case study. Through the classification of color measurements, the on‐site investigation and sampling analysis in the landscape field, and the categorization and selection of the environment variables that influence the visual effect of color, this article illustrates the value and significance of the quantitative expression in the landscape color research to make landscape color effect more scientific, objective, and effective.
Smart Nacre‐inspired Nanocomposites
Authors: Peng Jingsong , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNacre‐inspired nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties have achieved remarkable attention in the past decades. The high performance of nacre‐inspired nanocomposites is a good basis for the further application of smart devices. Recently, some smart nanocomposites inspired by nacre have demonstrated good mechanical properties as well as effective and stable stimuli‐responsive functions. In this Concept, we summarize the recent development of smart nacre‐inspired nanocomposites, including 1D fibers, 2D films and 3D bulk nanocomposites, in response to temperature, moisture, light, strain, and so on. We show that diverse smart nanocomposites could be designed by combining various conventional fabrication methods of nacre‐inspired nanocomposites with responsive building blocks and interface interactions. The nacre‐inspired strategy is versatile for different kinds of smart nanocomposites in extensive applications, such as strain sensors, displays, artificial muscles, robotics, and so on, and may act as an effective roadmap for designing smart nanocomposites in the future.
On the Solvation Behavior of Graphene Oxide in Ethylene Glycol/Water Mixtures
Authors: Neklyudov Vadim V. , Agieienko Vera N. , Ziganshin Marat A. , Dimiev Aryat M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe self‐association and solvation pattern of graphene oxide (GO) in water, ethylene glycol (EG), and their mixtures were analyzed by means of UV/Vis spectrophotometry. A careful analysis of the absorbance dependencies vs. the GO concentration shows that self‐association of the GO sheets in EG occurs at higher concentration compared to that in water. It was established that depending on the mixed solvent composition, two different types of the GO solvates are formed. The results of quantum chemical calculations allow one to suggest that in the water‐rich compositions, the GO oxygen‐containing groups are in direct contact with water molecules while in the glycol‐rich media the EG molecules fully substitute water in the GO's first solvation layer.
Effect of Magnesium Bond on the Competition Between Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds and the Induction of Proton and Halogen Transfer
Authors: Xu Hui‐Li , Li Qing‐Zhong , Scheiner Steve 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHOX (X=Cl, Br, I, and At) can engage in either a H‐bond (HB) or halogen bond (XB) with a base‐like HCN, NH3, and imidazole. Although the former is energetically preferred for X=Cl and Br, it is the XB that is more stable for At, with I showing little preference. MgY2forms a Mg‐bond with the O atom of HOX, which grows stronger in the order X=Cl<Br<I<At and Y=F<Cl<Br. When all three molecules are combined, both the Mg and the H/X bonds are cooperatively strengthened to a large degree. Rather than causing a reversal in the HB/XB competition, the Mg‐bond acts primarily to amplify the natural preference within the dimer. The Mg‐bond induces a certain degree of transfer from O to N of the bridging atom in the H/X bond. Comparison is also made with the effects of a Be‐bond.
Bay Annulated Indigo as a New Chromophore for p‐type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Summers Gareth H. , Gibson Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA prototype bay‐annulated indigo (BAI) dye has been synthesised and applied in p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (pDSC). The dye produced a broad spectral response up to 700 nm and an encouraging photocurrent (Jsc=1.13 mA cm−2, IPCE of 6.8 %) was recorded. These results have highlighted several challenges for integrating BAI dyes into pDSCs, including: low dye loading, a tendency to aggregate and lack of built‐in charge‐transfer character, which can be overcome by simple modifications to the dye structure.
Photoisomerization of Mono‐Arylated Indigo and Water‐Induced Acceleration of Thermal cis‐to‐trans Isomerization
Authors: Huber Ludwig A. , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubstituted indigo derivatives undergo photoisomerization of the central double bond if both nitrogen atoms are functionalized. Indigo itself however does not photoisomerize because of a competing and highly efficient excited‐state proton transfer. In this work, we show that also mono‐arylated indigo undergoes photoisomerization despite still possessing one nitrogen‐bound proton and the likely presence of a competing intramolecular excited‐state proton transfer. The two different isomers exhibit strongly different absorptions and therefore can be distinguished by the naked eye. Different to diaryl‐substituted indigo, thermal decay of the metastable cis isomers of mono‐arylated derivatives can be greatly accelerated by small amounts of water (by more than a factor of 300 for measured half‐lives). Such tunability is of high interest for applications that require quick and autonomous switching‐off of photoresponsive trigger units.
The Light‐Driven Isomerization of Aqueous Nitrate: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Mewes Jan‐Michael , Jerabek Paul , Bohle D. Scott , Schwerdtfeger Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe reaction mechanism for the rearrangement of the nitrate anion to its cis and trans peroxonitrite isomers is investigated in detail by quantum theoretical methods. The electronic ground state potential energy hypersurface (PES) features a bifurcation point along the minimum energy path at high energy, while the intrinsic reaction path moves the bifurcation point towards the transition state (TS) between the two peroxynitrite isomers. Coupled‐cluster calculations reveal a high‐lying transition state (4.6 eV) for the major photochemical isomerization pathway via an S1/S0 conical intersection, explaining why electronic excitation of the bright singlet states with λ=200–270 nm is required to trigger formation of peroxinitrite, while excitation of the weak band around 300 nm (wavelengths >270 nm) does instead lead to non‐radiative regeneration of NO3−. The influence of the aqueous solution is considered using polarizable continuum solvation in combination with explicitly solvated model systems. Despite the charged and polar nature of nitrate, we find that solvent effects exert a suprisingly small influence, neither changing the shape of the PES, nor affecting the nature of the excited states.
Reactive Crystallization Kinetics of Magnesium Hydroxide in the Mg(NO3)2 –NaOH System
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Hua Quanxian , Tang Jianwei , Liu Yong , Liu Li , Wang Baoming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is an important chemical raw material and product. Since narrow crystal size distribution of Mg(OH)2 determines its excellent physical and chemical properties, gaining insight into the reactive crystallization kinetics of Mg(OH)2 to obtain narrow particle size distribution is essential. The reactive crystallization kinetics of Mg(OH)2 for the Mg(NO3)2‐NaOH system is systematically investigated during batch crystallization. The effects of supersaturation and temperature on the reactive crystallization kinetics of Mg(OH)2 are studied. Ion concentration over crystallization time at different temperatures is measured by the conductivity method so that the induction period is well defined. Several kinetic parameters during the nucleation and growth process are determined by using the experimental data of ion concentration over crystallization time at different temperatures. Results show that the induction period decreases with increase of temperature and initial reagent concentration. The specific surface Gibbs energy decreases with the increase of temperature. Crystallization rate increases with increase of temperature and initial reagent concentration, and the nucleation and crystal growth rates can be described as the first order reaction model.
The Change of Mushy‐Zone Length of a Nickel‐Based Single‐Crystal Superalloy During the Static‐Magnetic‐Field‐Assisted Directional Solidification
Authors: Niu Chunlin , Ren Weili , Ding Biao , Zhong Yunbo , Yu Jianbo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe change of the mushy‐zone length of a nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy during the static‐magnetic‐field‐assisted directional solidification was investigated. The results show that the longitudinal static magnetic field can influence the mushy‐zone length. For the magnetic field less than 1.0T, the mushy‐zone length decreases with increasing the magnetic field intensity. Nevertheless, when the magnetic field is greater than 1.0T, the mushy‐zone length begins to increase. The phenomenon is attributed to the competitive relationship between the temperature gradient in the mushy‐zone and the solidification‐temperature range in controlling the mushy‐zone length. Under the low and high intensity of the magnetic field, the temperature gradient and the solidification‐temperature range play the main roles in controlling the mushy‐zone length, respectively.