bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controversial Final Years
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGall remained a controversial figure throughout his life, which ended in Paris in 1828. In his later years, he continued to fight with Georges Cuvier, who had overseen the rejection of his and Spurzheim’s Mémoire to the Institut National in 1808, and with Cuvier’s protégé, physiologist Pierre Flourens. Flourens initially looked favorably on Gall’s doctrine, but during the 1820s his brain lesion experiments on birds and other animals were heralded by the French élite as strong evidence against cortical localization of function. Despite this formidable opposition, Gall did find a supporter of localization of function in physician Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud, who started reporting in 1825 that lesions of the anterior part of the brain are more likely to affect speech than posterior brain damage. Gall’s health began to fail a year later, when he was 68 and began to have strokes. After he succumbed to a cerebral hemorrhage in 1828, his body was buried in Paris’ Cimetiére du Pére-Lachaise, but not his skull, which was examined by his followers and added to his collection. Gall’s organologie, now regarded as phrénologie, now began an even steeper decline in France and throughout the Continent, although “popular phrenology,” with less emphasis on the underlying science, continued to be influential on British and American landscapes.
Repetition, Speech, and Authority in Steve Reich’s “Jewish” Music
Authors: Fink Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Steve Reich’s “Jewish” works are logocentric to the core and thus, for all their sonic exuberance, culturally conservative. Beginning with experimental tape works like It’s Gonna Rain (1965) and My Name Is (1967), and blossoming into extended speech-driven multimedia “operas,” Reich doggedly explored his sense that the human voice transmitted something like prophetic Truth, tracing out his own path from the patriarchal tradition of Hebrew cantillation to the “self-presence” that philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau found at the origin of human language. As a composer, Reich put his musical ear (and his digital sampler) at the service of the logos, deriving both the visuals and the music of The Cave from distinctive speech patterns of its various “talking heads.” And yet, as Jacques Derrida famously noted, speech, music, and writing are not so easily separated—and the composer’s intent is exceeded by the complexity of his word-saturated operatic language.
Steve Reich’s Counterpoints and Computers
Authors: Bakker Twila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter re-evaluates the role of Steve Reich’s 1980s Counterpoint series in the context of his reinvention as a venerated member of New York’s new music establishment. It aims to show how Reich's re-engagement with past compositional interests—now expressed in more conventional terminology—formed a significant step in facilitating his gradual transformation from outsider to insider. Running in parallel with Reich’s transition toward tradition was a significant change in the composer’s working methods through the use of computer technology, as found in works such as The Four Sections and Electric Counterpoint. An investigation into this important new development offers insights into how Reich has since then pragmatically incorporated digital compositional habits alongside previous analog ones, all while maintaining a secure foothold in the Western classical canon.
The New Human Science
Authors: Souza Joanne , Bingham Paul M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
All prior attempts to understand human origins, behavior, and history have led to paradoxes and dilemmas, highly resistant to resolution. This chapter reviews specific cases of failures to resolve these apparent paradoxes and dilemmas in human evolution and the social sciences. The authors argue that these failures are rooted in confusing proximate with ultimate causation. They further argue that a sound theory of human origins, behavior, and history (social coercion theory) can help to understand the human condition scientifically; specifically, this theory argues that all the unique properties of humans emerge from the unprecedented human social evolution, driven, in turn by the evolution of cost-effective coercive management of conflicts of interest. Finally, the authors argue that social coercion theory yields the first general theory of history, economics, and politics, which provides an approach to problems within the social sciences while armed with a grasp of ultimate causation. Consequently, formerly intractable scientific questions and social concerns become manageable and solvable.
Controversies Surrounding Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Geher Glenn , Rolón Vania 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The field of evolution and human behavior is a powerful area of inquiry, shedding new light on such facets of human behavior as infant attachment patterns, visual perception, the human emotion system, the nature of altruism, the nature of aggression, human intimate relationships, and more. In fact, over the past several decades, many significant scholars have contributed great work in this field. However, the resistance within academia to the very idea of evolutionary psychology is quite strong. These facts taken together make for an interesting (and often difficult) environment when teaching and researching in the field of evolutionary psychology. This chapter focuses on a host of reasons to expand the inclusion of evolutionary psychology within university curricula—along with a demarcation of the several intellectual forces that surround this field within the academy.
Our Evolutionary Underpinnings
Authors: Glaze Amanda L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Evolution is a topic that continues to spark political, social, and educational debates around the United States. Despite widespread agreement among scientists as to the legitimacy and value of research and understanding of evolution, the public forum is still characterized by contention, mistrust, and misinformation. In the 150 years post-Darwin, and now more than 90 years after the Scopes trial, it appears that little progress has been made in ensuring all students come into college with an acceptable understanding of evolution, evolutionary mechanisms, and evolutionary theory. This chapter demonstrates where we have been and looks to the future to ensure that all students understand evolution and, by virtue of such, how scientific knowledge comes to. The authors discuss a possible pathway to that end, with the focus being not on beliefs but on understandings and the importance of accessible, accurate science education for all.
Teaching Evolution across the Curriculum
Authors: Wilson David Sloan , Geher Glenn , Gallup Andrew C. , Mativetsky Hadassah 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The chapters are based largely on a movement to teach evolution across the curriculum, beginning in 2003 when one of the authors decided to initiate a program at Binghamton University. The first sister program was started by another author at SUNY–New Paltz in 2007, followed by a National Science Foundation grant during 2008–2010 to develop the programs and create a multi-institution consortium. Over 40 campuses expressed interest, but only a few developed full-fledged campus-wide programs. The EvoS Consortium movement can therefore be considered a glass that is partly full and partly empty. As this volume shows, the need to teach evolution across the curriculum is greater than ever and campus-wide established programs work well, but their establishment has become limited. In this final chapter, the authors attempt to diagnose the limiting factors and suggest ways to teach evolution across the curriculum that include, but go beyond, campus-wide programs.
Law in American History, Volume III
Authors: White G. Edward 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This is the third in a series of volumes exploring central themes in American legal and constitutional history and the relationship of those themes to important events and contested issues in American culture at large. The first volume covered the period from colonial settlements in North America through the Civil War. The second volume covered the years from Reconstruction through the 1920s. This volume addresses central legal themes and their social context from 1930 through the close of the twentieth century.
The American Legal Academy and Jurisprudence II
Authors: White G. Edward 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
By the close of World War II, Legal Realism had become the dominant jurisprudential perspective in the American legal academy. But developments connected to the use of totalitarian regimes of the left and right put pressure on the apparent claim of realists that “law” was simply the decisions of officials holding power. In response to that concern, and to the “antidemocratic” dimensions of judicial review of major institutions by unelected judges, “process theory,” featuring emphasis on institutional constraints and the obligation of judges to describe cases on legal principles transcending results in cases, became entrenched as a jurisprudential perspective. But then, between the 1970s and the close of the century, process theory lost its resonance. The chapter surveys those developments.
Heroic Bodies in Ancient Israel
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The bodies of a people encode and continually retell the story of their families, cities, and nations. In the Hebrew Bible, the bodies of notable heroic figures—warriors, kings, and cultural founders—not only communicate values on an individual level but they also bear meaning for the fate of the nation. The patriarch Jacob, who takes on the name of the nation, “Israel,” engages in an intense bodily drama by way of securing the family blessing and passing on his identity to the Tribes of Israel. Judges is a deeply bodily book: left-handed, mutilating and mutilated, long haired, and fractured like the nation itself, its warriors revel in bodies and violence. The David and Saul drama, throughout 1–2 Samuel, repeatedly juxtaposes the bodies of the two kings and sets them on a collision course. Saul’s body continues to act in strange and powerful ways beyond his death, and in the final episodes of Saul’s bone movement and reburial, the last heroic body goes underground. Thus, Israel’s heroic national body rises and falls on the bodies of its heroes, and the Hebrew Bible takes up a profound place in the ancient literary landscape in its treatment of heroic and body themes.
Heroic Bodies in Judges
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 reads the images of heroic bodies in the book of Judges on a number of levels, organized around an argument by the anthropologist Mary Douglas: “the social body constrains the way the physical body is perceived.” The two bodies cannot help but be connected, and the “forms it adopts in movement and repose express social pressures in manifold ways.” The ambiguous and severed bodies in Judges serve not merely as entertainment but rather as communicators of social disorder and political strife. Specific analysis focuses on the mutilation of Adoni-Bezek, the bodily confrontation between Ehud and Eglon, Jael’s killing of Sisera, Samson’s hair, and the dismemberment of an unnamed woman.
The Iconography of the Heroic Body
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 departs from the textually oriented studies in the rest of the book and explores the primary ways in which heroic bodies were iconographically portrayed in Israel’s historical and geographical environments, and more specifically, wherever possible, within the Levant and even Iron Age Israel. Texts describe visual aspects of the world in rich and subtle ways, but images have a distinct story to tell. Images function not as mere decorations but rather convey crucial information about their subjects. Specifically, the bodies of warriors in the common posture with arm raised—the “striking,” “smiting,” or “menacing” posture—come to the fore as the preeminent iconography of the heroic body in Egypt and the Levant, where striking heroic figures become a norm for warrior representations. This interaction with material culture allows glimpses into a lived world that texts obscure or simply cannot address.
The Height of Saul and the Beauty of David
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyzes the bodies of Israel’s first two kings, Saul and David. In the broader landscape of Samuel-Kings, precious few bodies take center stage, truly positioning Saul head and shoulders above the crowd and David as the ideal monarchic body over the short-lived united kingdom. Saul and David participate in a rather complex “body drama” in 1 Samuel that scholars have not yet analyzed with enough depth in its bodily dimensions, especially given the pervasiveness of body themes both explicitly and subtly interwoven throughout the narratives. In this chapter, we continue to see individual bodies reflected back into the corporate body, and vice versa, though for David and Saul the process seems more ambiguous, complicated by the rollercoaster of affairs that characterize the national body through the reigns of both men: moments of strength and unity, undermined, reconciled, undermined again, valorous, cowardly, bold, and hidden.
Saul’s Heroic Bones
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 follows a tradition of comparative studies linking Saul with Greek heroic themes and takes up a detailed analysis of Saul’s bone-transferral narratives (1 Samuel 31; 2 Samuel 21) in light of what is known about heroic bone relics and the politics of hero cults in the Iron Age Western Mediterranean. Saul’s status as an Israelite hero is a hitherto underexplored lens through which to investigate the meaning and power of his dead body, and here it is argued that by comparing the biblical account of the transferral of Saul’s bones with classical Greek texts of heroic bone transfer, we are able to see the political import of David’s actions in the Bible more clearly as a “body manipulator” and thus better understand the dynamics of bodily power in this text.
Conclusion
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 summarizes the book as a whole, and offers a series of thoughts about what happens to the “heroic body” after David and Saul. On the most basic level, permeating all of the book’s chapters, we have seen how biblical authors paid explicit and sustained attention to heroic bodies. Israel’s own namesake founder, Jacob/Israel, leads with his body in critical moments. Judges is a deeply bodily book, with characters revelling in bodies and violence. The David and Saul drama juxtaposes the bodies of the two kings, and Saul’s body continues to act in strange and powerful ways beyond his death. Finally, by evoking a comparison with Greek materials, we may consider the shift in post-exilic biblical texts to present us with thinking bodies, lamenting bodies, interpreting bodies, reading bodies, writing bodies, in order to signal a historical transformation and a conceptual change in the way leadership functions.
Genji’s Gardens
Authors: Smits Ivo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay explores conceptual and cultural notions of “nature” in the Heian period and especially the many representations of nature in The Tale of Genji. Nature represented is nature codified; concrete nature imagery was employed in sustained ways to sketch the emotional state of protagonists. Yet nature could also trigger, rather than resonate with, emotional response. Central is a series of readings of the gardens of the Rokujō estate in The Tale of Genji; in turn, those readings are framed in a larger survey of garden design theory, practices, and uses in the Heian period. Gardens in this tale offer profound insights into both how Heian courtiers related to nature and the structure of its protagonists’ relationships. In this sense, “nature” and basic structures in the tale are intimately connected.
Rethinking Gender in The Tale of Genji
Authors: Pandey Rajyashree 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The study of gender is now seen as central to our understanding of The Tale of Genji. Scholars have focused on representations of amorous relations in the text to highlight women’s suffering, as well as their struggle for autonomy and their agency. This essay argues that categories such as women, sex, gender, and agency are historically and culturally variable and therefore cannot be treated as transhistorical and universal categories. It seeks to make visible the cultural variability of gender in the Genji by arguing that women do not uniformly constitute a self-evident and pre-given category, that gender is performative, and thus how it is performed—what constitutes being a woman—is itself shaped by class and status, and that modern liberal conceptions of agency are inadequate for understanding the Buddhist world of the text.
Marius Petipa
Authors: Meisner Nadine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Born two hundred years ago in Marseilles, Marius Petipa spent more than sixty years in Imperial Russia as a ballet master, serving directly under the eye of the Emperor. He became the greatest choreographer of the nineteenth century, creating a quantity of work, some of which—such as Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty—has survived to attract audiences all round the world. In Russia, he was revered, even if by the end of his life he had become outmoded and new ideas were circulating, culminating in the experiments of Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. Yet even the rebels recognized his genius and their indebtedness to him. He had a lasting and profound effect, both in the Soviet Union, where ballet became an emblem of cultural prestige, and in the West, where his spiritual descendants, Diaghilev included, promulgated and extended his work. Marius Petipa: The Emperor’s Ballet Master is a survey of his life and work, before and after his arrival in St Petersburg. It is a cultural biography placing Petipa in his context. It describes the people and events around him; it traces the evolution of the aesthetics of ballet; it analyses the influences that made Petipa unique; and it examines the ways that he, in turn, influenced the course of modern ballet.
Russian Debut
Authors: Meisner Nadine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins with Petipa’s arrival in St Petersburg and his first roles and productions there. It examines the structures of the Imperial Ballet and the directorate of the Imperial Theatres, especially the incumbent director Alexander Gedeonov. It describes the influence of the visits of Marie Taglioni, icon of the Romantic Ballet, and sketches the career of St Petersburg’s own ballerina, Elena Andreianova, who was often partnered by Petipa. It covers the appointment of Jules Perrot, choreographer of Giselle, as first ballet master, and of Jean Petipa, Marius’s father, as a teacher at the school. The arrivals of the celebrity ballerinas Fanny Elssler, Carlotta Grisi, and Fanny Cerrito are also covered, as is the effect of the Crimean War. There is also a lengthy section focusing on the subject of Petipa as a performer, outstanding in character (national) dance and mime.
Building Inner Tools
Authors: Goldstone Robert L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Andy Clark has convincingly argued that the tools that we as humans recruit become integrated parts of an extended cognitive system that includes us as just one component. In this chapter, a Reversed Parity Principle is outlined, which can be used to show how humans can “hack” their own minds in order to build inner mental tools, thus changing our existing cognitive abilities in yet another way. The Reversed Parity Principle (RRP) invites a perspectival shift that is potentially as illuminating as the extended mind shift. Whereas extended mind arguments invite us to think of ourselves as broader, wider, and larger than we might otherwise, the RPP invites us to consider the strangeness and otherness that lies within what would normally be considered to be “us.”
Pre-Intentional Awareness of Self
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In pre-intentional self-awareness, a person is self-aware without making herself into an object of any intentional act. The idea of pre-intentional self-awareness is examined through a historical lens provided by Kant and Sartre. The idea is further developed analytically. A perceived object is always perceived as something. This occurs because a series of anticipations are generated in the perceiver. The perceiver is implicated in many of these anticipations. In perceiving an object, therefore, the perceiver is pre-intentionally self-aware. A de-intellectualized way of understanding pre-intentional self-awareness is identified and defended. Pre-intentional self-awareness attaches to the possession of conscious experiences. To the extent animals have conscious experiences, therefore, they will, thereby, be pre-intentionally self-aware. Pre-intentional self-awareness is likely to be widely distributed through the animal kingdom.
Animals as Persons and Why It Matters
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This book has been a protracted case in worst-case scenario philosophy. Assume the absolute worst about animals, and the most stringent conception of a person imaginable, and then argue that animals still qualify as persons. Some of the limitations of this strategy are identified. If animals are persons, it changes the way we think about our obligations to them. The principal change is from a treatment paradigm to a listening paradigm. In a treatment paradigm, the primary question is how we should treat them. This is an inadequate way of understanding our obligations to persons. For persons, prior to the question of how we should treat them is the necessity of listening to them: of learning to ask them the right questions and make ourselves capable of understanding their response.
Wagnérisme and the Aesthetic of Sentiment
Authors: Kieffer Alexandra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the late 1880s, Édouard Dujardin’s Revue wagnérienne was a major contributor to early Symbolist discourse, reinterpreting Wagnerian aesthetics and Schopenhauerian metaphysics to support the innovations of forward-thinking French poets. Advancing this new Symbolist poetics, Dujardin, along with his friend and prolific contributor to the Revue wagnérienne Téodor de Wyzewa, proposed that music is an art of psychological “realism”—a claim that rested on a conception of human psychology drawn largely from British associationism and propounded in France (against the conservative academic tradition defined by Victor Cousin’s eclectic spiritualism) by Théodule Ribot. Consequently, the Revue wagnérienne became a point of contact between avant-garde music aesthetics and modern psychological notions of the self that were then gaining wide currency in France.
Pelléas et Mélisande and the Aesthetic of Sensation
Authors: Kieffer Alexandra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The premiere of Debussy’s Pelléas et Mélisande in late April 1902 occasioned a maelstrom of critical responses in the Parisian press—more than a hundred reviews over the course of a few months and eighty-eight in the month of May alone. A flashpoint of French modernism, the Pelléas premiere catalyzed a rethinking of the nature of music in this critical discourse, as prominent critics, such as Pierre Lalo and Robert Godet, shifted their account of music away from the Revue wagnérienne’s exclusive focus on sentiment and interiority and toward an aesthetics of noise, materiality, and outer sensation. While it was not uncommon for critics to compare the music of Pelléas to Impressionist painting or Symbolist poetry, such comparisons only served to highlight an overriding preoccupation with a specifically musical problem: how to negotiate the demands of musical convention and historicity against the nature of music as material sound.