bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Test Particle Monte Carlo Investigation of the CH4 Torus around Saturn
Authors: Niu D.-D. , Cui J. , Gu H. , Dong C.-Y. , Zhou L.-Y. , Wellbrock A. , Jiang F.-Y. , Xu X.-J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The issue of CH4 escape on Titan is still under debate, and a range of escape rates from 1024 to 1027 s−1 has been reported in previous studies. One effective way of solving the CH4 escape dilemma is to investigate the morphology of the CH4 torus around Saturn, which varies with both the total CH4 escape rate on Titan and the CH4 energy distribution near its exobase. Such a torus is modeled via a test particle Monte Carlo approach in this study for a variety of CH4 escaping scenarios characterized by different energy distributions near the exobase. The model calculations indicate that the extension of the CH4 torus depends critically on the population of the high-energy tail of the CH4 energy distribution. The model also predicts several distinctive cavities in CH4 density related to mean motion resonances between Titan and the torus particles.
Probing the Inner Disk Emission of the Herbig Ae Stars HD 163296 and HD 190073
Authors: Setterholm Benjamin R. , Monnier John D. , Davies Claire L. , Kreplin Alexander , Kraus Stefan , Baron Fabien , Aarnio Alicia , Berger Jean-Philippe , Calvet Nuria , Curé Michel , Kanaan Samer , Kloppenborg Brian , Bouquin Jean-Baptiste Le , Millan-Gabet Rafael , Rubinstein Adam E. , Sitko Michael L. , Sturmann Judit , ten Brummelaar Theo A. , Touhami Yamina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The physical processes occurring within the inner few astronomical units of protoplanetary disks surrounding Herbig Ae stars are crucial to setting the environment in which the outer planet-forming disk evolves and put critical constraints on the processes of accretion and planet migration. We present the most complete published sample of high angular resolution H- and K-band observations of the stars HD 163296 and HD 190073, including 30 previously unpublished nights of observations of the former and 45 nights of the latter with the CHARA long-baseline interferometer, in addition to archival VLTI data. We confirm previous observations suggesting that significant near-infrared emission originates within the putative dust evaporation front of HD 163296 and show that this is the case for HD 190073 as well. The H- and K-band sizes are the same within (3 ± 3)% for HD 163296 and within (6 ± 10)% for HD 190073. The radial surface brightness profiles for both disks are remarkably Gaussian-like with little or no sign of the sharp edge expected for a dust evaporation front. Coupled with spectral energy distribution analysis, our direct measurements of the stellar flux component at the H and K bands suggest that HD 190073 is much younger (<400 kyr) and more massive (∼5.6 M
⊙) than previously thought, mainly as a consequence of the new Gaia distance (891 pc).
The Sources of Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Backgrounds
Authors: Sanderbeck Phoebe R. Upton , McQuinn Matthew , D’Aloisio Anson , Werk Jessica K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray holds clues to the location of missing baryons, the energetics in stellar feedback processes, and the cosmic enrichment history. Additionally, EUV and soft X-ray photons help determine the ionization state of most intergalactic and circumgalactic metals, shaping the rate at which cosmic gas cools. Unfortunately, this band is extremely difficult to probe observationally due to absorption from the Galaxy. In this paper, we model the contributions of various sources to the cosmic EUV and soft X-ray backgrounds. We bracket the contribution from (1) quasars, (2) X-ray binaries, (3) hot interstellar gas, (4) circumgalactic gas, (5) virialized gas, and (6) supersoft sources, developing models that extrapolate into these bands using both empirical and theoretical inputs. While quasars are traditionally assumed to dominate these backgrounds, we discuss the substantial uncertainty in their contribution. Furthermore, we find that hot intrahalo gases likely emit an

fraction of this radiation at low redshifts, and that interstellar and circumgalactic emission potentially contribute tens of percent to these backgrounds at all redshifts. We estimate that uncertainties in the angular-averaged background intensity impact the ionization corrections for common circumgalactic and intergalactic metal absorption lines by ≈0.3–1 dex, and we show that local emissions are comparable to the cosmic background only at r
prox = 10–100 kpc from Milky Way–like galaxies.
Vers un rétrécissement des horizons d’attente en Turquie
Authors: Pérouse Jean-François , Benhaim Yohanan , Ressler-Fessy Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

Installé à Istanbul, Jean-François Pérouse est maître de conférences à l’Université Toulouse-II. Etudiant les transformations de la scène politique turque autant que celles de la mégapole stambouliote depuis plus de deux décennies, il est l’auteur de deux ouvrages parus récemment : Istanbul Planète, la ville-monde du XXI e siècle (éditions La Découverte, 2017) et Erdo ğ an, nouveau père de la Turquie (avec Nicolas Cheviron, deuxième édition réactualisée chez François Bourin, 2017). Dans cet entretien accordé à Confluences Méditerranée , il revient sur le bilan qu’il est possible de tirer des élections générales de juin 2018, sur les reconfigurations du pouvoir de l’AKP à travers sa convergence avec l’extrême droite nationaliste et sur l’état du mouvement kurde trois ans après le renouveau du conflit entre l’Etat turc et le PKK.
Tayyip Erdoğan et les jeunes militants de l’AKP : Identification et coproduction d’une figure de leader
Authors: Bozan Ayşegül 
Published: December 2018

Cet article approche la question de l’autoritarisme politique par le biais d’une analyse qualitative des représentations politiques des jeunes militants de l’AKP concernant leur leader Tayyip Erdoğan. Il examine particulièrement trois questions : comment les jeunes militants s’identifient-ils au leader politique ? Comment ce dernier cadre-t-il et modifie-t-il les opinions et représentations ? Et enfin, comment les militants contribuent-ils à la consolidation du pouvoir du leader en cadrant et faisant circuler continuellement son image ?
The Restructuring of civil-military relations during the AKP period
Authors: Akça İsmet 
Published: December 2018

Le pouvoir politique de l’armée a été considérablement limité sous le règne de l’AKP. Or, les réformes réalisées en vue de redonner la priorité au pouvoir civil ont abouti non pas à une démocratisation mais à l’instauration d’une nouvelle forme d’autoritarisme. En l’absence de mécanismes de contrôle démocratique, l’armée a continué à être à la fois l’acteur et l’arène de conflits politiques dont l’exacerbation a été la “tentative de coup d’État” du 15 juillet 2016. Les nouvelles régulations concernant l’armée, instaurées dans le cadre de l’état d’urgence et de la présidentialisation du régime ont mis l’armée sous la surveillance d’acteurs civils et sont loin d’assurer un contrôle démocratique sur celle-ci. Au contraire, cette surveillance civile a été concentrée dans les mains d’un super-président dans le contexte d’une forme d’État autoritaire spécifique.
Les reconfigurations de la politique turque en Afrique subsaharienne dans le cadre de la lutte du gouvernement AKP contre le mouvement Gülen : le cas sénégalais
Authors: Angey Gabrielle 
Published: December 2018

Entre 1997 et 2013, le mouvement Gülen a ouvert près de 100 écoles dans environ 50 pays africains. Ce faisant, il s’appuyait sur une collaboration avec le gouvernement turc de l’AKP (Adaletve Kalkınma Partisi, Parti de la Justice et du Développement). Mais un conflit politique émergea fin 2013 en Turquie, pour atteindre son acmé le 15 juillet 2016, lors d’une tentative de coup d’État attribuée aux « FETÖ » (Fethullaçı Terör Örgütü, « Organisation terroriste güleniste »). Dès lors, le gouvernement turc s’est évertué à étendre sa répression par-delà ses frontières et notamment en Afrique subsaharienne. L’article souligne le mimétisme de l’action de l’État turc largement tributaire de l’action antérieurement menée par le mouvement Gülen. En retour, cette répression conduit à la reconfiguration du mouvement Gülen selon les contextes nationaux. Dans le cas d’étude sénégalais présenté dans l’article, il est possible de constater que le fait que ce mouvement musulman transnational repose sur le secret et l’informalité permet une relative résilience dans un contexte de répression à l’échelle internationale.
Réformer et réprimer dans l’Arabie de Bin Salman : les dessous d’une opération d’infitah paradoxale et risquée
Authors: Bassiouni Moustapha 
Published: December 2018

Cet article aborde les paradoxes de la nouvelle donne dans l’Arabie saoudite du prince héritier Mohammed Bin Salman. Elle est caractérisée par une série de mesures d’infit sociale et culturelle inédites parallèlement à la remise en question de l’héritage wahhabite de la monarchie des Al-Saoud. Cette orientation politique favorise également les expressions libérales harmonieuses avec l’agenda du pouvoir. Mais la vaste opération de réforme lancée en 2016 révèle aussi ses limites. Les répressions subies par la société civile en 2017 et 2018, et récemment le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi, ont montré le revers du changement voulu par le despote modernisateur de Ryad. Les contradictions de la politique du jeune émir ont mis en évidence les aspects de la libéralisation de l’autoritarisme saoudien.
Evaluating Microkeratome Efficacy by 3D Corneal Lamellar Flap Thickness Accuracy and Reproducibility Using Artemis VHF Digital Ultrasound Arc-scanning
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Sutton Hugo F S , Srivannaboon Sabong , Silverman Ronald H , Archer Timothy J , Coleman D Jackson 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present a method that determines the efficacy of flap creation using a microkeratome.
METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients were included in the study, operated by two experienced surgeons using the Moria LSK-One microkeratome. Very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound arc-scanning using Artemis technology was used to measure the Reinstein Flap Thickness Profile created by addition of the preoperative epithelial thickness profile to the postoperative stromal component of the flap. Descriptive statistics revealed central flap thickness accuracy and reproducibility. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine correlations between central flap thickness and preoperative clinical parameters. Three-dimensional flap thickness maps demonstrated the mean, median, standard deviation, and range of thickness.
RESULTS: Intended flap thickness was 160 µm. Mean central flap thickness was 161 µm in the right eye and 166 µm in the left eye. Central reproducibility (standard deviation of the mean) was 30.3 µm, with a range of 106 to 228 µm. Central flap thickness correlated to preoperative corneal thickness measured by VHF digital ultrasound but not by Orbscan. On qualitative analysis, no consistency among eyes was observed in the three-dimensional flap thickness map. Flaps were on average thinner in the center, but not in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS: A systematic qualitative and quantitative statistical evaluation of microkeratome accuracy and reproducibility can be performed by measuring corneal flap thickness with arc-scanning VHF digital ultrasound. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:431-440.]
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment After LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Faghihi Hooshang , Jalali Kamran Hodjat , Amini Ali , Hashemi Hassan , Fotouhi Akbar , Esfahani Mohammad Riazi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To report the characteristics and incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopic eyes after LASIK.METHODS: The medical records of 49 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK were reviewed. The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK was determined and potential risk factors were evaluated.RESULTS: LASIK was performed on 59,424 eyes with spherical equivalent refraction (SE) ranging from -0.75 to -26.50 diopters (D) (mean: -6.10 ± 3.5 D). Forty-nine eyes developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between 1.5 and 76 months (mean: 27.3 ± 21.7 months) after LASIK. The mean preoperative refractive error in these eyes was -8. 6 ± 3.9 D. Mean age of these patients was 38.2 ± 11.2 years. Thirty-five (71.4%) patients were male. The cumulative incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 0.082% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.109), and the yearly incidence was 0.032% (95% CI: 0.023-0.042) after LASIK. The most frequent location of the retinal breaks was the superior temporal quadrant (22.7%). Male sex, older age, and higher preoperative myopia were significantly related to the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK (P<.001).CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, following the treatment of high-risk peripheral retinal lesions, LASIK did not appear to be an additional risk factor for the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK in our patients; however, patients should be informed of the possibility of this complication as a consequence of myopia. Patients who are male, older in age, and have high myopia preoperatively may be at increased risk. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:448-452.]
Refractive Surgery in Patients With High Myopic Anisometropia
Authors: Valente Paola , Buzzonetti Luca , Dickmann Anna , Rebecchi Maria Teresa , Petrocelli Gianni , Balestrazzi Emilio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of LASIK in patients with high myopic anisometropia and to provide specific screening guidelines for anisometropic patients undergoing refractive surgery.
METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 16 patients with high myopic anisometropia (>3.0 diopters) were enrolled in this study. Complete pre- and postoperative ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed. The preoperative orthoptic examination was done with glasses and contact lenses. Twenty-two eyes of 13 patients underwent uncomplicated LASIK; the second eye was treated 2 weeks after the first eye. Patients were examined 1 day, 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Thirteen patients obtaining good results at red glass bar test (RGB) underwent LASIK without postoperative diplopia; four showed an improvement of the sensorial assessment. Three patients were excluded from surgery because of diplopia with RGB values <4 to 5. LASIK temporarily induced diplopia in the suppressed eye of one patient; however, the diplopia disappeared after surgery of the fixating eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high myopic anisometropia and a weak sensorial state who undergo refractive surgery may be at risk for postoperative diplopia. We suggest clinical guidelines to reduce the occurrence of this complication. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:461-466.]
Centration Analysis of Ablation Over the Coaxial Corneal Light Reflex for Hyperopic LASIK
Authors: Chan Colin C K , Wachler Brian S Boxer 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze postoperative topographic centration when the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex was used for laser centration in hyperopic LASIK.
METHODS: Centration photographs of 21 eyes (12 patients) that underwent hyperopic LASIK with centration over the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex were reviewed to determine the distance from the entrance pupil center to the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex. Postoperative ablation centration was determined topographically at day 1 and 3 months by four different methods. The difference between the actual decent ration and the decentration that would have occurred had the ablation been centered over the entrance pupil center was calculated.
RESULTS: The mean deviation of the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex from the entrance pupil center preoperative was 0.34±0.24 mm nasal or 4.5±3.0°. At 1 day, the average decentration was 0.10 mm or 1.3° temporal. The mean decentration that would have occurred if the ablation had been centered over the entrance pupil center was 0.44 mm or 5.5° temporal. At 3 months, the average decentration was 0.07 mm or 0.25° temporal. The mean decentration that would have occurred if the ablation had been centered over the entrance pupil center was 0.45 mm or 5.6° temporal. Mean uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved 3 lines from 0.54±0.14 (20/70) to 0.22±0.17 (20/32). No eye lost >2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA); 2 (10%) eyes lost 1 line of BSCVA at 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Excellent centration in hyperopic ablation is possible even in eyes with positive angle kappa when the ablation is centered over the corneal light reflex. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:467-471.]
Late Traumatic Flap Dislocations After LASIK
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Rao Srinivas K , Leung Gloria Y S , Young Alvin L , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the management and outcome of late onset traumatic dislocation of LASIK flaps.
METHODS: This retrospective, interventional case series presents three patients with late onset LASIK flap dislocation following mechanical trauma 1 to 7 years postoperatively.
RESULTS: In all cases, the flap was surgically repositioned. Epithelial ingrowth was removed and diffuse lamellar keratitis was treated with an intensive steroid regimen. All patients returned to their preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Aggressive steroid treatment during the perioperative period and meticulous handling of the epithelium are important in preventing further recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis flaps may experience mechanical dislocation as late as 7 years postoperatively. Diffuse lamellar keratitis and epithelial ingrowth are associated with flap dislodgment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:500-504.]
Herpes Simplex Keratitis Following Excimer Laser Application
Authors: Lu Chao-Kung , Chen Ko-Hua , Lee Shui-Mei , Hsu Wen-Ming , Lai Jui-Yang , Li Yen-Shien 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report two cases of herpes simplex keratitis following excimer laser application.
METHODS: Two immunocompetent patients with no history of ocular viral infection developed ulcers after LASIK and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), respectively.
RESULTS: Antiviral treatment was administered, and the lesions healed within 14 days.
CONCLUSIONS: These two cases suggest that herpes simplex virus was associated with the use of the excimer laser. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:509-511.]
Comparison of LASIK Using the NIDEK EC-5000 Optimized Aspheric Transition Zone (OATz) and Conventional Ablation Profile
Authors: Hori-Komai Yoshiko , Toda Ikuko , Asano-Kato Naoko , Ito Mitsutoshi , Yamamoto Takahiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare a new ablation algorithm termed the optimized aspheric transition zone (OATz) with the conventional laser ablation profile for correction of myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: LASIK using OATz profile #6 or using conventional ablation profile was performed on 98 eyes of 53 patients (OATz #6 group) and 111 eyes of 66 patients (control #6 group), respectively. Further, LASIK using OATz profile #5 or using the conventional ablation profile was performed on 109 eyes of 58 patients (OATz #5 group) and 109 eyes of 75 patients (control #5 group), respectively. The effective optical zone, uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction at 3 months postoperatively were compared between the OATz #6 and control #6 groups and between the OATz #5 and control #5 groups.
RESULTS: The effective optical zones in the OATz #6 group (6.45±0.29 mm) or OATz #5 group (6.40±0.21 mm) were significantly larger than those in the control #6 group (6.33±0.27 mm) or control #5 group (6.26±0.25 mm) (P<.01), respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity and manifest refraction were similar in all groups. The changes in contrast sensitivity were significant and favored the OATz #6 (P<.01) and OATz #5 groups (P<.05). The patient satisfaction survey found no statistical difference at 3 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with the OATz profiles had better visual quality as measured by contrast sensitivity and also had larger effective optical zones as compared with those treated by the conventional ablation profile. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:546-555.]
Validation of the Barraquer Tonometer for High Intraocular Pressure Estimation
Authors: Espana Edgar M , Acosta Ana C , Nose Izuru , Orozco Marcia , Fantes Francisco , Yoo Sofia H , Parel Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the pneumatonometer and the Tono-Pen XL in a closed ex-vivo system in human eye bank eyes at high intraocular pressures (IOP) and evaluate the validity of high IOP measurements with the Barraquer tonometer.
METHODS: Intraocular pressure was monitored by cannulation of the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity in eight human cadaver eyes (mean donor age: 77.3±4.9 years, range: 72 to 84 years). Intraocular pressure measurements were taken at 50, 65, and 90 mmHg with the Tono-Pen XL and pneumatonometer. Intraocular pressure was raised to 110 mmHg and then the eyes were deflated slowly until they reached 50 mmHg. Pressure readings with the Barraquer tonometer were recorded when the corneal tonometer interface reached the inner and outer rings.
RESULTS: The Tono-Pen XL underestimated IOP, a tendency that was more evident at higher IOP. In contrast, the pneumatonometer was more accurate and reliable at IOP of 50 and 65 mmHg but its readings underestimated IOP at 90 mmHg. The Barraquer tonometer used in this experiment accurately estimated high IOP. A variability of 5.9 mmHg and 5.8 mmHg were recorded for the inner and outer ring, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The Tono-pen XL is an inadequate instrument to assess pressures normally encountered during LASIK flap creation in an ex vivo model using human cadaver eyes. The pneumatonometer and the Barraquer tonometer are accurate instruments at high IOP; however, the pneumatonometer underestimated pressures around 90 mmHg. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:580-584.]