bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Atkin Stephen L. , Simental‐Mendía Luis E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInsulin resistance is a key feature of Type 2 diabetes and an important therapeutic target to address glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle advice is the first step in the ADA/EASD consensus guidelines followed by metformin therapy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can increase insulin sensitivity by several molecular pathways including upregulation of insulin transporters in the cellular membrane of insulin‐dependent cells. In addition, AE improves insulin sensitivity by amelioration of the pathophysiologic pathways involved in insulin resistance such as the reduction of adipokines, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and improvement of insulin signal transduction via different molecular pathways. This review details the molecular pathways by which AE induces beneficial effects on insulin resistance
Bioluminescence calcium imaging of network dynamics and their cholinergic modulation in slices of cerebral cortex from male rats
Authors: Tricoire Ludovic , Drobac Estelle , Tsuzuki Keisuke , Gallopin Thierry , Picaud Sandrine , Cauli Bruno , Rossier Jean , Lambolez Bertrand 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe activity of neuronal ensembles was monitored in neocortical slices from male rats using wide‐field bioluminescence imaging of a calcium sensor formed with the fusion of green fluorescent protein and aequorin (GA) and expressed through viral transfer. GA expression was restricted to pyramidal neurons and did not conspicuously alter neuronal morphology or neocortical cytoarchitecture. Removal of extracellular magnesium or addition of GABA receptor antagonists triggered epileptiform flashes of variable amplitude and spatial extent, indicating that the excitatory and inhibitory networks were functionally preserved in GA‐expressing slices. We found that agonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors largely increased the peak bioluminescence response to local electrical stimulation in layer I or white matter, and gave rise to a slowly decaying response persisting for tens of seconds. The peak increase involved layers II/III and V and did not result in marked alteration of response spatial properties. The persistent response involved essentially layer V and followed the time course of the muscarinic afterdischarge depolarizing plateau in layer V pyramidal cells. This plateau potential triggered spike firing in layer V, but not layer II/III pyramidal cells, and was accompanied by recurrent synaptic excitation in layer V. Our results indicate that wide‐field imaging of GA bioluminescence is well suited to monitor local and global network activity patterns, involving different mechanisms of intracellular calcium increase, and occurring on various timescales.
Structural insights of hierarchically engineered feldspars by confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Fuertes de la Llave V. , del Campo A. , Fernández J.F. , Enríquez E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA structural and compositional characterization of fast‐sintered Na‐rich feldspar is carried out by means of the confocal Raman microscopy. The analysis of the main Raman modes (νa = 512 cm−1 and νb = 480 cm−1) determines that feldspar crystallizations correspond to a sodic‐plagioclase group, with an anorthite proportion estimated of 25–45%. The presence of alkali and alkaline earth in the formulated composition leads to albite type feldspar with slightly Al–Si disordered distribution in tetrahedral sites. Raman shift of the main Raman mode νa reveals differences in crystal stresses between nanograins and micrograins. The Rayleigh light‐scattering microscopy shows up lamellar domains of ~2–3 μm resulting from unmixing by spinodal decomposition. Combining Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction versus temperature significant structural changes are confirmed. This structural change correlates with a stress release and thermally activated conduction. This research gives fundamental understanding of structure, chemical composition, and micro‐nanostructure of engineered glass–ceramics, which may allow tailoring them: for example, to modulate spinodal decomposition regions and interphases.
Depth of invasion alone as a prognostic factor in low‐risk early‐stage oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Kozak Margaret M. , Shah Jennifer , Chen Michelle , Schaberg Kurt , von Eyben Rie , Chen Jie Jane , Bui Timothy , Kong Christina , Kaplan Michael , Divi Vasu , Hara Wendy 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the significance of increasing depth of invasion (DOI) as the sole risk factor for recurrence in patients with low‐risk early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 560 patients with OCSCC treated at our institution between 2003 and 2013. Patients were included if they had low‐risk early‐stage OCSCC treated with surgical resection ± neck dissection and no adjuvant therapy. Low risk was defined as absence of positive or close margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and positive lymph nodes. Patients with tumor (T)3‐T4 disease were excluded. Pathology specimens were independently re‐reviewed by two board‐certified pathologists to confirm proper measurement of DOI. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify factors predictive for recurrence as well as progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 126 patients with low‐risk early‐stage T1‐2N0 OCSCC were included. Median follow‐up time was 42.5 months and median DOI was 4 mm. There was no significant difference in incidence of local (P = 0.95), regional (P = 0.81), or distant recurrence (P = 0.96) among patients with DOI < 4 mm versus ≥4 mm. On multivariable analysis, DOI was significant for both PFS (P = 0.03) and OS (P = 0.002).ConclusionIn this study, we show that in the absence of other high‐risk pathologic features, DOI ≥ 4 mm does not portend for increased incidence of local, regional, or distant relapse in patients treated with surgery alone; however, increasing DOI is a marker for worse PFS and OS in patients with low‐risk, early‐stage OCSCC.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2082–2086, 2019
Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: A clinical phase I study
Authors: Plaschke Christina Caroline , Gehl Julie , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Fischer Barbara Malene , Kjaer Andreas , Lomholt Anne Fog , Wessel Irene 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCalcium electroporation is a novel cancer treatment, which combines temporary cell permeability from electroporation with a high influx of calcium intracellularly resulting in cancer cell necrosis.MethodsA phase I trial performing calcium electroporation on 6 patients suffering from recurrent head and neck cancer. In general anesthesia, intratumoral calcium injections were followed by electroporation. Safety was monitored by adverse events registration, serum Ca2+, ECG, and pain scores. Tumor response was measured on PET/MRI scans.ResultsProcedures were performed without complications. No serious adverse events, signs of hypercalcemia, or cardiac arrhythmias were observed. Two months post‐treatment tumor responses on MRI: three partial responses, one stable disease, and two progression. Responses on PET: one partial metabolic disease, four with stable metabolic disease, and one not evaluable. One patient was without clinical evidence of disease after 12 months of observation.ConclusionCalcium electroporation is feasible and safe in head and neck tumors. Clinical responses were observed in three of six patients, warranting further studies.Level of EvidenceLevel 4
Experimental Realization of Multiple Topological Edge States in a 1D Photonic Lattice
Authors: Zhang Zhifeng , Teimourpour Mohammad Hosain , Arkinstall Jake , Pan Mingsen , Miao Pei , Schomerus Henning , El‐Ganainy Ramy , Feng Liang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTopological photonic systems offer light transport that is robust against defects and disorder, promising a new generation of chip‐scale photonic devices and facilitating energy‐efficient on‐chip information routing and processing. However, present quasi one dimensional (1D) designs, such as the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger and Rice–Mele models, support only a limited number of nontrivial phases due to restrictions on dispersion band engineering. Here, a flexible topological photonic lattice on a silicon photonic platform is experimentally demonstrated that realizes multiple topologically nontrivial dispersion bands. By suitably setting the couplings between the 1D waveguides, different lattices can exhibit the transition between multiple different topological phases and allow the independent realization of the corresponding edge states. Heterodyne measurements clearly reveal the ultrafast transport dynamics of the edge states in different phases at a femtosecond scale, validating the designed topological features. The study equips topological models with enriched edge dynamics and considerably expands the scope to engineer unique topological features into photonic, acoustic, and atomic systems.
Monoamine oxidase‐B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update
Authors: Tripathi Rati Kailash Prasad , Ayyannan Senthil Raja 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMonoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO‐A/MAO‐B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO‐B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO‐B inhibitors (MAO‐BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical‐mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015‐2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO‐BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO‐BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision‐making process in the MAOIs discovery.
High expression of FAM13A was associated with increasing the liver cirrhosis risk
Authors: Zhang Yingai , Wang Shunlan , Wang Chan , Xiao Jingchuan , Zhang Shufang , Zhou Hailong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimLiver cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease, and it may be caused by multiple influences of both genetic and environmental factors. Family with sequence similarity 13 member A (FAM13A) has been previously associated with lung function in several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether FAM13A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to liver cirrhosis.MethodsFAM13A expression was evaluated in liver cirrhosis tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between FAM13A gene polymorphism and liver cirrhosis was determined by association analysis. The genotypes were assessed in the Agena MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared test/Fisher's exact test, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the expression of FAM13A is obvious higher in the liver cirrhosis tissue cells than in the normal liver tissue cells. Moreover, association analysis results indicated that the minor allele “A” of rs3017895 was positively associated with high risk of liver cirrhosis in the allele model by the chi‐squared test (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.03–1.68, p = 0.028). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher in subjects with the G/A‐G/G genotype of rs3017895 than those with A/A genotype under the dominant model and log additive model, and the T/A‐A/A genotype of rs1059122 was positively associated with higher liver cirrhosis than T/T genotype based on dominant model respectively. In addition, haplotype analysis showed that the G‐A haplotype of rs3017895‐rs1059122 of the FAM13A gene significantly increased the risk of liver cirrhosis.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the high expression of FAM13A may be associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis.
A miniaturized single‐layered branched multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/INSAT applications
Authors: Mohammad Saadh A. W. , Poonkuzhali R. , Ali Tanweer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a miniaturized (12 × 20 × 1.6 mm3) dual antenna suitable for compact devices with multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications have been designed, analyzed, and fabricated. The proposed design is printed on the single side of the FR4 substrate with a common ground and branched radiating structure. The branched structure is responsible in attaining 93.5% miniaturization as compared to the conventional size at 2.4 GHz (ie, lower resonance). Triple‐band characteristics have been extracted from port 1 (2.4, 3.5, and 4.5 GHz) and dual‐band characteristics from port 2 (2.4 and 3.5 GHz). The isolation between the radiating strips is better than 10 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.5. The proposed design has good isolation characteristics with acceptable peak gain of −1.75/1.3/2 dBi at 2.4/3.5/4.5 GHz, respectively. Good impedance matching and stable radiation patterns make the proposed antenna suitable for WLAN, WiMAX, and Indian National Satellite System applications.
Beam pattern reconfigurable circularly polarized transmitarray antenna by rearrangement of sources
Authors: Lee Jae‐Gon , Kwon Taek‐Sun , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel method for a beam pattern reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) transmitarray antenna based on passive metasurface is proposed by a rearrangement of source antennas. Two source antennas among eight source antennas are selected for the fine beam steering. The beam steering angle can be finely controlled by the positions and phase difference of the source. Moreover, this kind of transmitarray antenna can be utilized to generate multibeam by the combination of the source antennas for radiation to different directions. To verify its feasibility, the planar CP source antenna is designed to operate at 5.8 GHz. Also, the metasurface consists of four layer separated by four substrates to cover full transmission phase variation of 2π, and the metallic layers are designed to circular patches. As a result, the steering angle is experimentally observed at each 0, +20, and +40°, and dual beam radiating to −30 and +30° also is measured.
Stakeholder engagement for sustainable development and their suggestions for environmental policy: The case of Mediterranean monk seal
Authors: Halkos George , Matsiori Steriani , Dritsas Sophoklis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study primarily attempts to understand people's beliefs toward marine protected areas considering as a case study the National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades in Greece in order to achieve its sustainability. Specifically, it aims to identify people's opinion about the utility of the park investigating also their beliefs in relation to socioeconomic characteristics. For this reason, a face‐to‐face survey of 200 randomly selected residents and visitors of the area was carried out. The research was structured according to the principles of the contingent valuation method. According to the empirical findings, the majority of respondents recognized the contribution of the park to preserve the monk seal and the natural environment. Moreover, they want the maintenance of the park and more specialized protection measures in the area.
Dissolution of Aramid by Ionization of Byproduct HCl Promoted by Acetate
Authors: Dai Yu , Cheng Zheng , Meng Chenbo , Yuan Yihao , Luo Longbo , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPoor solubility of high‐performance polymer has always been a leading bottleneck for its application. Para‐aramid fiber as a typical high‐performance fiber owns significant hydrogen‐bond interaction and chloride salts are generally needed to provide Cl−ions as hydrogen‐bond acceptors for its dissolution. In this paper, Poly‐(benzimidazole‐terephthalamide) (PABI) which complexed with by‐product HCl (PABI‐HCl) during polymerization was fabricated and by‐product HCl was regarded as potential Cl−ions donor. CH3COONa as cosolvent was added in DMAc to dissolve PABI‐HCl. It was confirmed that solubility of PABI‐HCl in DMAc could be improved significantly in existence of CH3COONa. The finding was characterized by conductivity measurement, UV‐Vis spectra, Atomic Absorbance Spectra and Thermogravimetric analysis etc. By‐product HCl as a strong acid was converted into CH3COOH due to existence of CH3COO−in solution. Then it would release Cl−ions and they could interact with secondary amide of aramid to disrupt interaction among macromolecules. Therefore, aramid was dissolved successfully by utilizing by‐product HCl and no external Cl−ions donor was needed.
Self‐Assembly of Lotus‐Type Holes Two‐Dimensional NiO Nanosheets and Its Efficient Catalytic Property for Styrene Epoxidation
Authors: Huang Kai , Lv Fei , Wu Dongfang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLotus‐type holes two‐dimensional NiO nanosheets were fabricated via hydrothermal method followed by calcinations. Three types of surfactants as the structure‐directing agent in an ammonia aqueous solution with calcination, only anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), non‐ionic surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) can form lotus‐type porous NiO nanosheets, cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) have no such effect. A series of characterization of the resulting samples revealed that the materials maintained singularly small thickness of only 3–5 nm, lotus root hole diameter 40 nm(SDBS),20 nm(PVP). The formation mechanism of the lotus‐type porous two‐dimensional morphology is investigated. The as‐synthesized NiO without support delivered efficient catalytic property in styrene epoxidation which significantly reduced reaction time. When the catalyst was reused the conversion and selectivity of styrene oxide still remained high.
m‐Nitrocinnamic Acid Containing Lipophilic Peptide Exhibits Selective Growth Inhibition Activity against Leishmania major
Authors: Debnath Mintu , Abbasi Mazharul , Sasmal Supriya , Datta Rupak , Haldar Debasish 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of peptides (1‐3) containing m‐nitrocinnamic acid, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and L‐leucine has been synthesized and their antileishmanial propensities have been studied. The compound 1 was synthesized by condensation reaction of 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde and malonic acid. The compound 1 forms duplex by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in solid state and finally self‐assemble to form supramolecular helix through C‐H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. The peptide 2 shows antiparallel sheet‐like assembly through intermolecular N‐H⋅⋅⋅O and C‐H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding interactions. The peptide 3 adopts extended conformation and self‐assemble to form bowl‐like morphology. Moreover, the peptide 3 exhibits significant growth inhibition property on Leishmania major promastigotes with an IC50 value of 13 μg/ml. But compound 1 and peptide 2 have IC50 values 100 μg/ml and 41 μg/ml respectively. The higher lipophilicity of peptide 3 may increase the chances of reaching this intracellular parasite. Thus peptide 3 shows selective toxicity towards Leishmania (IC50=13 μg/ml) and compared to several existing standard antileishmanial drugs like pentastam (IC50 > 64 μg/ml), sodium stibogluconate (IC50 > 64 μg/ml) or ketoconazole (IC50=72 μg/ml), peptide 3 shows at least 2–6 times higher potency.
Ni‐Al‐Ti Hydrotalcite Based Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Gundeboina Rambabu , Gadasandula Suresh , Velisoju Vijay Kumar , Gutta Naresh , Kotha Laxma Reddy , Aytam Hari Padmasri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNi−Al‐Ti mixed oxide derived from Ni−Al‐Ti hydrotalcite precursor is identified as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL). This catalyst showed high active surface Ni sites due to a higher synergy in the mixed oxide formed from the hydrotalcite precursor. These results are further supported by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. The higher activity of Ni−Al‐Ti compared to Ni−Al, Ni−Ti catalysts was attributed to a high ratio of Lewis to Brønsted acid sites (LAS/BAS) observed from pyridine adsorption – DRIFTS results along with high surface Ni sites on the catalyst surface measured from CO‐chemisorption studies. This contributed to the enhanced selectivity of the desired product, GVL over Ni−Al‐Ti catalyst as compared to its individual counter parts, Ni−Ti and Ni−Al catalysts.
Four‐Component Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines Incorporating Spiro‐Oxindole/Indanedione via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Roosta Atefeh , Halvagar Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present investigation reports an easy regio‐ and diastereoselective access to a library of diverse polycyclic pyrrolizidine fused spiro‐1,3‐indandione/oxindole derivatives through a one‐pot sequential four‐component reactions of 4‐oxo‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde/2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde, 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ5‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one, ninhydrin or isatin, and L‐proline in EtOH at room temperature. This protocol features excellent chemical yields, high diastereoselectivity and operational simplicity.
Insight into the Catalytic Behavior in Nitroarenes Reduction over Non‐Noble Metals Modified Polymer Carbon Nitride
Authors: Xu Yang‐sen , Li Li‐ping , Qiu Chun‐tian , Huang Xin‐song , Li Guang‐she 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRevealing the catalytic mechanism and dynamic process in heterogeneous catalysis is fundamental and tremendous important. Here, non‐noble metals (Bi, Cu, Cu2O or CuO) hybrided polymer carbon nitride nanosheets (CNN) were fabricated through ions intercalation processes. The prepared Bi‐CNN hybrid exhibits moderate catalytic activity compared with Cu–CNN in 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction. The kinetic rate constant and apparent active energy of Bi‐CNN are 0.04 min−1 (20 °C) and 53.6 ± 4.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. Cu‐modified CNN shows a rate of 0.65 min−1, which is 16 times higher than that of Bi‐CNN and even higher than noble metal (Au, Ag)‐CNN hybrids. More importantly, a new catalytic behavior that no delay time (usually reported by using noble metals and metal oxides) was observed in the 4‐NP reduction over Bi‐CNN and Cu–CNN hybrids. A possible catalytic mechanism elaborated this new catalytic phenomenon was proposed based on the chemical redox potentials. The CuO‐CNN and Cu2O‐CNN hybrids were further prepared to verify the proposed catalytic model. This work provides more insight into the mechanistic investigation of nitroarenes reduction over non‐noble metal catalyst evolved photocatalytic systems.