bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Wernicke Encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome: A Critical Appraisal of the Relevant Literature
Authors: Salahuddin Nasreen Khawer , Dutta Arindam , Qureshi Naseem Akhtar 
Published: July 2019

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum tends to rapidly progress into Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome and, therefore, needs to be recognized early and managed promptly with targeted multimodal therapies.
Objective: This study critically reviewed the relevant literature on clinical perspectives of hyperemesis gravidarum, Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome. The secondary objective of this study was to improve the awareness, emphasis on early diagnosis and immediate intervention concerning these sequential syndromes in pregnant women across the board.
Methods: Electronic searches (since inception-2019) of PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, OvidSP, Dove Medical Press, ScienceDomain International (SDI) and Hindawi.com were conducted using keywords and Boolean Operators. Hundreds of thousands articles were retrieved which were reviewed independently by two authors and finally 144 articles retained that addressed clinical components of these sequential syndromes along with relevance of thiamine deficiency.
Results: Evidently, vulnerable women in early stage of gestation tend to develop hyperemesis gravidarum characterized by persistent severe pernicious nausea and vomiting that causes Wernicke encephalopathy defined by variable oculomotor disturbances, ataxia, confusion, metabolic disturbances and Korsakoff syndrome linked with gross memory impairment, confabulation and constipation. The women with these conditions need diagnostic evaluation by means of clinical history, relevant laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound and brain computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Most patients need emergency admission, prompt treatment with optimal doses of antiemetics, vitamin B1, and followed by fluid replenishment and electrolyte balance with follow up till the end of pregnancy. Successful maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy depends on multiple determinants including associated systemic diseases.
Conclusion: Evidently, a variety of etiological and risk factors in pregnant women determine the initiation of hyperemesis gravidarum that subsequently causes Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome, and each of which needs prompt multimodal treatment in order to reduce maternal morbidity and increase successful outcome of pregnancy. Although clinical literature concerning these sequential syndromes is huge, further studies are needed to understand their underlying pathophysiological pathways across the world.
Controllable Phase Separation with Star‐Shaped Y‐Type Electron Acceptors for High‐Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Jianing , Lin Yi , Xiao Chengyi , Liang Shijie , Tang Zheng , McNeill Christopher R. , Li Weiwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStar‐shaped conjugated materials exhibit monodisperses, well‐defined structures akin to small molecules while possessing the high molecular weights typical of polymers, making them appealing for organic electronics. Herein, a series of star‐shaped electron acceptors, labeled SP1‐Ph, SP2‐Ph, SP3‐Ph, SP4‐Ph, and SP6‐Ph correspond to one to six number of arms, have been synthesized for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). The acceptors have been synthesized through Williamson ether synthesis, utilizing OH‐substituted Y‐type precursors and (multiple‐substituted bromomethyl)benzene. An increase in the number of arms results in weakened crystallinity and different aggregation behavior. Therefore, different number of arms can efficiently tune phase separation sizes between the acceptors and donor polymer blended films, which dominates the charge generation process in OSCs. As a result, SP3‐Ph and SP4‐Ph, with modest phase separation size in binary blends, have achieved optimal efficiencies of 16.10% with high stability. However, SP6‐Ph‐based OSC exhibits oversized phase separation and low efficiency of 8.87%. Furthermore, the use of SP3‐Ph and SP4‐Ph in ternary OSCs leads to an impressive efficiency of 19.3%. These results highlight the ability of star‐shaped electron acceptors with varying arm numbers to precisely control the phase separation of photoactive layers, thereby advancing the development of highly efficient and stable OSCs.
Sustainable Gelatin‐Based Nanocomposite Packaging Films with Enhanced Physical Properties and Inherent Recyclability
Authors: Dong Ming , Bilotti Emiliano , Zhang Han , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGelatin‐based composite films with enhanced physical and barrier performance are attractive for food packaging applications due to their potential to address critical challenges in the food packaging industry. This study presents gelatin‐based nanocomposite films reinforced with Ti3C2Tx MXene, developed through solution casting and optimized for food packaging applications. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirm that MXene nanoplatelets interacted with gelatin through the formation of hydrogen bonds. A homogeneous distribution of MXene in the gelatin matrix is observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in‐plane alignment of MXene is observed by SEM and is quantitatively demonstrated by polarized Raman spectroscopy. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of the films increased from 1.17 to 1.6 GPa and from 39.2 to 48.4 MPa, respectively, with 0.75 wt.% MXene, while the inclusion of MXene nanoplatelets proves highly effective at blocking UV light transmission. The water and oxygen permeability of the films are considerably reduced while composites display a hydrophobic behavior. Quite importantly, the produced films exhibit outstanding recyclability making them a compelling alternative to traditional packaging materials and addressing environmental concerns in the packaging industry.
Optimizing Conjugation of Polymer Hole Transport Materials via Cyclic Alkoxylation for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Sen , Luo Xuanang , Tang Fushen , Zhong Wenkai , Yang Wenyu , Xiong Zhihui , Lin Youran , Peng Feng , Ying Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHole transport materials (HTMs) play a crucial role in realizing efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as they improve perovskite affinity and passivation, charge transport and extraction, and ultimately the performance of PSCs. In this study, manipulating the conjugation extension in poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA) derivatives by cyclic alkoxylation of side benzene groups with benzo[d][1,3]dioxole (PTAAO5) and dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (PTAAO6) is focused on. PTAAO6 exhibits extended π‐conjugation within the side groups, leading to improved energy level alignment with perovskite and enhanced charge carrier transport compared to both PTAA and PTAAO5. This strong conjugation also promotes interactions between PTAAO6 and the perovskite, resulting in larger grain sizes with reduced defects within the perovskite layer. Therefore, PSCs incorporating PTAAO6 as the HTM achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 25.19%, along with excellent operational stability, retaining 90.2% of the initial PCE after 1000 h under ISOS‐L‐3 testing conditions. These results underscore cyclic alkoxylation as a promising approach for tailoring polymer HTMs and provide crucial insights for designing high‐performance PSCs.
Management of post‐implant fibrous dysplasia in the maxilla: A case study
Authors: Amrou Yousef Taha Y. , Koleilat Anass M. , Alrmali Abdusalam E. , Nor Felipe , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundFibrous dysplasia is generally rare, and even rarer in older adults. Special care is needed when altering the alveolar bone in these cases, especially if an implant is involved. This case study highlights such a scenario.MethodsThis case study details the experience of a 63‐year‐old African American female who presented with a bump on her jaw, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. The patient underwent surgery for osseous recontouring to address the bone overgrowth associated with the condition.ResultsThe study documents the successful surgical recontouring of a fibrous dysplasia lesion in the upper right maxilla that developed 5 years after dental implant placement. Additionally, it highlights the preservation of peri‐implant hard and soft tissues over a 6‐month follow‐up period post‐surgery, ensuring proper tissue healing and bone shaping for optimal patient outcomes.ConclusionThe successful surgical recontouring of fibrous dysplasia in the upper right maxilla, along with the preservation of peri‐implant hard and soft tissues, underscores the potential for effective oral rehabilitation in similar cases involving dental implants.Plain Language SummaryIn this study, we managed a rare bone disorder called fibrous dysplasia in a 63‐year‐old woman, 5 years after she had dental implants in her upper jaw. This condition leads to bone overgrowth and deformities, making oral rehabilitation challenging. The patient presented with a bump in her upper jaw, which was diagnosed through various tests. We performed surgery to reshape the overgrown bone while preserving her dental implants and surrounding tissues. The surgery was successful, and 6 months later, the implants remained stable with no signs of recurring issues.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?This case is rare because it presents a successful management strategy for fibrous dysplasia in the maxilla with dental implants, a combination that is both uncommon and challenging.What are the keys to the successful management of this case?Successful management relies on accurate diagnosis, careful surgical recontouring to preserve peri‐implant bone while providing a maintainable environment for the patient, and thorough postoperative care to ensure healing and stability.What are the primary limitations to success in this case?Primary limitations include the risk of implant compromise, potential recurrence of fibrous dysplasia, and challenges related to bone quality and healing, particularly in an older patient.
Anxiolytic Effect of Sesamol, Possibly Through the GABAkine Interaction Pathway
Authors: Islam Md. Tahajul , Malik Abdul , Alshememry Abdullah K. , Chowdhury Raihan , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Fatima Sabiha , Hossen Md. Samim , Rakib Asraful Islam , Mollah Faysal , Akbor Md. Showkoth , Bappi Mehedi Hasan , Saim Md. Abu , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlant‐based components have helped generate novel lead molecules and scaffolds for anxiety research in psychopharmacology. The present study examined the anxiolytic properties of sesamol (SES), a phenolic lignan derived from Sesamum indicum, employing both in vivo and computational methods to understand its mechanisms of action. In this experiment, adult Swiss albino mice received various doses of SES (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) orally. Afterward, a series of behavioral assessments, including open field, swing, hole cross, and light–dark testing, were conducted. The impact of the GABAergic agonist diazepam (DZP‐1 mg/kg, i.p.) along with the antagonist flumazenil (FLU‐0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) has been studied as provided concurrently with the SES‐50 group. Computational studies were performed to comprehend the interaction between SES and GABAA receptor subunits (α2 and α3). The results of our investigation revealed that SES dose‐dependently and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of square crosses, hole crosses, swings, grooming, and rearing along with a reduction of light residence time in animals. When combined with DZP, SES‐50 significantly reduced all these parameters, while altering with FLU‐0.1. The molecular docking analysis showed that the SES has a relatively good binding score (−5.03 ± 0.15 and −5.25 ± 0.23 kcal/mol) with GABAA receptor α2 and α3 subunits, respectively. The SES triggers anxiolytic effects via GABAA receptor α2 and α3 subunit interactions. Furthermore, precise and comprehensive preclinical research must be considered to validate potential SES targets for anxiolytic impact, clinical trial efficacy, and safety.
Geology, Mineralogy and Sulphur Isotope Constraints of the Buffalo Reef Gold Deposit, Central Belt, Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Ore Genesis
Authors: Mohd Zin Mazlinfalina , Basori Mohd Basril Iswadi , Sanematsu Kenzo , Manaka Takayuki , Zaw Khin , Dietz Christian , Jamil Habibah , Salam Abhisit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Buffalo Reef deposit is a developed gold mine located in the northern part of Pahang State, within the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. The gold deposit is hosted by the Permo‐Triassic Gua Musang Formation, which consists of shale, carbonaceous shale, mudstone, siltstone, volcanic rocks and low‐grade metamorphic rocks. Gold ore at Buffalo Reef is found in quartz veins and alteration selvages, which fill ductile‐brittle structures along N–S and NE–SW striking faults and shear zones. The sulphide minerals associated with gold ore include pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite and minor amounts of galena. Geochemical studies of gold grains reveal that the gold is alloyed with less than 10 wt% Ag and contains no other minor elements, with fineness of gold grains ranging from 882 to 990. Sulphur isotope analysis of sulphide minerals extracted from auriferous veins shows a narrow range of δ34S values from −2.40‰ to +2.70‰ (n = 29). The δ34S composition close to zero relative to VCDT for all sulphide minerals indicate that these minerals are isotopically uniform and derived from a single source. The overlapping sulphur isotope data between the sulphide minerals from the Buffalo Reef and those from other gold deposits in the Central Belt suggest that the sulphur in the ore‐forming fluids responsible for the auriferous quartz veins at Buffalo Reef is likely related to devolatilisation from metamorphic fluids at depth in an orogenic system. However, the substantial contribution of magmatic fluid cannot be ruled out due to the narrow range of sulphur isotopic compositions around zero per mil. The results of this study indicate that gold mineralisation in the study area and in other gold deposits along the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone in the Central Belt is of the orogenic type.
Conditional Survival of Patients With Early‐Stage Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Undergo Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, or Wedge Resection Using the NCDB
Authors: Deboever Nathaniel , Eisenberg Michael , Niu Jiangong , Graber William , Antonoff Mara B. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mehran Reza J. , Swisher Stephen G. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Giordano Sharon Hermes , Rajaram Ravi , Rice David C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesRandomized clinical trials have shown that sub‐lobar resection for clinical stage (cStage) IA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is non‐inferior to lobar resection. We evaluated traditional and conditional survival differences between lobectomy, wedge resection, and segmentectomy in patients with cStage IA NSCLC.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (2004–2019) was queried for patients with cStage IA (≤ 2 cm) NSCLC who underwent upfront lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection. Patients were stratified by extent of resection. Propensity‐matched traditional (TSA) and conditional (CSA) survival analyses were performed. Propensity score included age, gender, histology, tumor grade, and Charlson‐Deyo score. Number of lymph nodes (LN) harvested was also compared between groups.ResultsThere were 46 395 patients who met the inclusion criteria, of whom 32 599 (70.3%) received lobectomy, 11 181 (24.1%) wedge resection, and 2615 (5.6%) segmentectomy. Following propensity matching, all groups contained 2615 patients. In the TSA, segmentectomy (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.32) and wedge resection (HR: 1.41, CI: 1.28–1.56) were associated with worse 5‐year survival. This remained significant in CSA at 3‐ and 5‐years post‐resection in patients who underwent segmentectomy (HR: 1.24, CI: 1.08–1.43 and HR: 1.23, CI: 1.02–1.49, respectively) and wedge resection (HR: 1.42, CI: 1.24–1.63 and HR: 1.33, CI: 1.11–1.59, respectively). Wedge resection and segmentectomy were associated with a lower number of harvested LN (median = 4 and 6, respectively) compared to lobectomy (8, p < 0.001).ConclusionAnalysis of real‐world data suggests that lobectomy is associated with improved traditional and conditional 5‐year survival as well as LN harvest.
Custom‐Shapable and Reusable Thermoplastic Manganese Halide Scintillation Glass for Curved X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Feng Zhe , Li Jiangang , Zhu Yongkang , Gu Tianhan , Zhu Wenjuan , Xu Xiuwen , Liu Shujuan , Wang Feng , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLuminescent metal halides (MHs), whether in the form of rigid single crystal or flexible polymer‐MH composite, are currently at the forefront of next‐generation scintillator development. However, the stringent conditions required for single crystal growth and the opacity of polymer‐MH composites due to severe light scattering pose challenges for achieving high‐resolution X‐ray imaging of intricate objects with irregular geometries. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and thermoplastic 0D manganese (Mn) halide scintillation glass is reported by using a facile melt‐quenching approach. Through alkylating triethylene diamine (ted) with extended chain length and employing it as the spacer, the coulombic interaction within the 0D manganese halide is greatly attenuated, thus lowering the melting temperature (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) necessary for glass formation under a mild condition. The scintillation glass exhibits a high relative light yield of 20784 photons MeV−1 and an impressive spatial resolution of 20.4 lp mm−1. More importantly, due to the low Tg and excellent reusability, one scintillation glass can be custom‐shaped to conform to different matters with various irregular geometries for multiple times, all achieving high‐resolution curved X‐ray imaging. This work opens a new avenue for reusable curved X‐ray imaging through thermoplastic scintillation glasses.
High‐throughput calculation of large spin Hall conductivity in heavy‐metal‐based antiperovskite compounds
Authors: Xu Xiong , Lv J. X. , Wang Y. , Li Min , Wang Zhe , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpin Hall effect (SHE) provides a promising solution to the realization of advantageous functionalities for spin‐based recording and information processing. In this work, we conduct high‐throughput calculations on the spin Hall conductivity (SHC) of antiperovskite compounds with the composition ZXM3, where Z is a nonmetal, X is a metal, and M is a platinum group metal. From an initial database over 4500 structures, we screen 295 structurally stable compounds and identify 24 compounds with intrinsic SHC exceeding 500 (ℏ/e) (Ω⁻1 cm⁻1). We reveal a strong dependence of SHC on spin‐orbit coupling‐induced energy splitting near the Fermi level. In addition, SHCs can be regulated through proper doping of electrons or holes. The present work establishes high‐throughput database of SHC in antiperovskites which is crucial for designing future electric and spintronic devices.
Intelligence Mindset, Self‐Esteem, Emotions and Unconditional Self‐Acceptance During Achievement‐Related Difficulties
Authors: Gál Éva 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies indicated that when encountering academic difficulties, students with fixed intelligence mindset, experience higher levels of negative emotions and they also report significant drops in their self‐esteem. Thus, the present study proposed to test whether priming students with unconditional self‐acceptance (USA), reduces difficulty‐related self‐esteem loss and alleviates the affective consequences of difficulties. It also aimed to explore whether the USA prime offers comparable benefits to both growth and fixed mindset students. Participants (N = 202, Nfemale = 156, Mage = 23.09, SDage = 3.31) were randomized into an USA prime (N = 111) and control condition (N = 91) and were presented with unsolvable cognitive tasks (i.e., difficulty experience). Students' self‐esteem, positive and negative emotions were measured before and after the difficult experience. Results of the mixed analysis of variance indicated that participants in the prime condition reported smaller decreases in self‐esteem and smaller increases in negative emotions, however, the prime had no effect on positive emotions. Furthermore, mindset did not affect students' post‐difficulty self‐esteem and emotions, however, differences emerged in their overall levels. Finally, both mindset groups benefited equally from the USA prime.
Artificial Intelligence Technology for Path Planning of Automated Earthwork Machinery
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wang Yuxiang , Li Rao , Guan Tao , Liu Zhenyuan , Peng Gang , You Ke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe challenging characteristics of earthwork environments—complex, unstructured, and constantly evolving—pose significant challenges for the path planning of automated earthwork machinery. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have opened new avenues to address these challenges, which are crucial for improving the intelligence level of automated earthwork machinery. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive analyses on AI‐based path planning in earthwork operations. Consequently, we provide a systematic review of four AI technologies currently employed in path planning for earthwork machinery, including (1) evolutionary computation, (2) swarm intelligence, (3) machine learning, and (4) other AI‐based technologies. We analyzed the application and performance evaluation results of these technologies across various construction machinery. Through this systematic analysis, we identified several key challenges: (1) multiconstraint earthwork environments, (2) generalization across 3D unstructured sites, (3) adaptability to dynamically uncertain environments, and (4) shortage of on‐site validation. We then outline potential future directions: (1) integration of generative AI with reinforcement learning, (2) use of large model technology, (3) adoption of embodied intelligence technology, and (4) conduction of more on‐site experiments.
Rotating flow over a vertical Riga plate with ramped heating using transformer oil
Authors: Ali Farhad , Afshana Gul , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmad , Khan Ilyas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present study explores the electrohydrodynamic flow of Casson nanofluid over a vertical Riga plate within a rotating frame, incorporating a ramped wall temperature (RWT). Transformer oil, selected as the base fluid for its engineering applications, is infused with dispersed graphene nanoparticles to form the nanofluid. The analysis further accounts for the effects of radiation, chemical reactions, and porous media. By employing dimensionless variables, the governing system of ordinary differential equations, subject to specific boundary conditions, is transformed. The Laplace transform method is then applied to determine the distributions of temperature, concentration, and velocity. The effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed in the physical sense. Results showed that adding 4% graphene nanoparticles considerably increases the rate of heat transfer from transform oil to 7.88% in both cases of RWT and isothermal wall temperature (IWT). Graphene nanoparticles enhance the life of transformers by improving thermal conductivity and decreasing oxidation resistance in the transformer oil, which eventually leads to greater heat dissipation and less degradation.