bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representations of Monotone Boolean Functions by Linear Programs
Authors: Oliveira Mateus De Oliveira , Pudlák Pavel 
Published: July 2019

We introduce the notion of monotone linear programming circuits (MLP circuits), a model of computation for partial Boolean functions. Using this model, we prove the following results.
1

(1) MLP circuits are superpolynomially stronger than monotone Boolean circuits.
(2) MLP circuits are exponentially stronger than monotone span programs over the reals.
(3) MLP circuits can be used to provide monotone feasibility interpolation theorems for Lovász-Schrijver proof systems and for mixed Lovász-Schrijver proof systems.
(4) The Lovász-Schrijver proof system cannot be polynomially simulated by the cutting planes proof system.
Finally, we establish connections between the problem of proving lower bounds for the size of MLP circuits and the field of extension complexity of polytopes.
The Combined Effect of FGFR Inhibition and PD-1 Blockade Promotes Tumor-Intrinsic Induction of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Palakurthi Sangeetha , Kuraguchi Mari , Zacharek Sima J. , Zudaire Enrique , Huang Wei , Bonal Dennis M. , Liu Jeffrey , Dhaneshwar Abha , DePeaux Kristin , Gowaski Martha R. , Bailey Dyane , Regan Samuel N. , Ivanova Elena , Ferrante Catherine , English Jessie M. , Khosla Aditya , Beck Andrew H. , Rytlewski Julie A. , Sanders Catherine , Laquerre Sylvie , Bittinger Mark A. , Kirschmeier Paul T. , Packman Kathryn , Janne Pasi A. , Moy Christopher , Wong Kwok-Kin , Verona Raluca I. , Lorenzi Matthew V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The success of targeted or immune therapies is often hampered by the emergence of resistance and/or clinical benefit in only a subset of patients. We hypothesized that combining targeted therapy with immune modulation would show enhanced antitumor responses. Here, we explored the combination potential of erdafitinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor under clinical development, with PD-1 blockade in an autochthonous FGFR2K660N/p53mut lung cancer mouse model. Erdafitinib monotherapy treatment resulted in substantial tumor control but no significant survival benefit. Although anti–PD-1 alone was ineffective, the erdafitinib and anti–PD-1 combination induced significant tumor regression and improved survival. For both erdafitinib monotherapy and combination treatments, tumor control was accompanied by tumor-intrinsic, FGFR pathway inhibition, increased T-cell infiltration, decreased regulatory T cells, and downregulation of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. These effects were not observed in a KRASG12C-mutant genetically engineered mouse model, which is insensitive to FGFR inhibition, indicating that the immune changes mediated by erdafitinib may be initiated as a consequence of tumor cell killing. A decreased fraction of tumor-associated macrophages also occurred but only in combination-treated tumors. Treatment with erdafitinib decreased T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality, reflecting a broadening of the TCR repertoire induced by tumor cell death, whereas combination with anti–PD-1 led to increased TCR clonality, suggesting a more focused antitumor T-cell response. Our results showed that the combination of erdafitinib and anti–PD-1 drives expansion of T-cell clones and immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment to support enhanced antitumor immunity and survival.
Changing Patterns of Carotid Endarterectomy Between 2011 and 2017 in England
Authors: Johal Amundeep S. , Loftus Ian M. , Boyle Jonathan R. , Naylor A. Ross , Waton Sam , Heikkila Katriina , Cromwell David A. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the risk of stroke in recently symptomatic patients and less so in asymptomatic patients. Recent evidence suggests that the number of CEAs may be declining. The aim of this study was to investigate annual patterns of CEA in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients in England from 2011 to 2017.

Methods—
Data from the National Vascular Registry were used to describe (1) the number of CEA procedures in England and its 9 geographic regions from 2011 to 2017, (2) the characteristics of patients undergoing CEA, and (3) whether rates of CEA correlated with the number of vascular arterial units within each region. Annual stroke incidence for each region was derived from official population figures and the number of index stroke admissions per year.

Results—
The overall number of CEAs performed in England fell from 4992 in 2011 to 3482 in 2017, a 30% decline. Among symptomatic patients, there was a 25% decline, the number of CEAs falling from 4270 to 3217. In asymptomatic patients, there were 722 CEAs performed in 2011 and 265 in 2017, a 63% decline. CEAs per 100 000 adults within all regions declined over time but the size of change varied across the regions (range, 1.7–5.5 per 100 000). The regional numbers of CEAs per year were associated with changes in the regional stroke incidence, the proportion of CEAs performed in asymptomatic patients, and the number of hospitals performing CEA.

Conclusions—
This population-based study revealed a 63% decline in CEAs among asymptomatic patients between 2011 and 2017, possibly because of changing attitudes in the role of CEA. Reasons for the 25% decline in CEAs among symptomatic patients are unclear as UK guidelines on CEA have not changed for these patients. Whether the proportion of symptomatic patients with 50% to 99% ipsilateral stenosis has changed requires investigation.
Revision of the Agrilus muscarius species-group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with description of thirteen new species from Palaearctic and Oriental regions
Authors: JENDEK EDUARD , GREBENNIKOV VASILY V. 
Published: July 2019

The Agrilus muscarius species-group (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilinae) is defined to include twenty-nine species, thirteen of which are described herein: A. apicaureus Jendek, sp. nov. (north Laos); A. carinelytratus Jendek, sp. nov. (mainland Malaysia); A. cuneatus Jendek, sp. nov. (Thailand); A. dilatipenis Jendek, sp. nov. (Thailand); A. haucki Jendek, sp. nov. (Malaysia: Pahang); A. hunanus Jendek, sp. nov. (China: Hunan); A. madanensis Jendek, sp. nov. (south Vietnam); A. pseudoharlequin Jendek, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Java); A. rolciki Jendek, sp. nov. (India: Assam); A. semicaducus Jendek, sp. nov. (north Laos); A. spiculipenis Jendek, sp. nov. (Thailand, Vietnam); A. tiomanensis Jendek, sp. nov. (Malaysia: Tioman island); A. ventrituber Jendek, sp. nov. (Myanmar, north Thailand). Agrilus aurarius (Kerremans, 1892) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Meliboeus. Two new synonyms are proposed for A. aurarius (Kerremans, 1892) comb. nov. (= A. bocae Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963 syn. nov.) and A. muscarius Kerremans, 1895 (= A. seladon Obenberger, 1940 syn. nov.). A lectotype is designated for A. muscarius Kerremans, 1895. Members of the group are illustrated and an identification key is provided.
Impacts of the East Asian Winter Monsoon and Local Sea Surface Temperature on Heavy Snowfall over the Yeongdong Region
Authors: Kim Jineun , Yoon Donghyuck , Cha Dong-Hyun , Choi Yonghan , Kim Joowan , Son Seok-Woo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research investigates the impact of local sea surface temperature (SST) on the 2-month (January and February) accumulated snowfall over the Yeongdong (YD) region. The YD region is strongly affected by synoptic-scale factors such as the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The relationships of snowfall over the YD region to the EAWM and local SST are examined based on observational analyses and sensitivity experiments using a regional climate model. In the sensitivity experiments, local SST is replaced with the 33-yr mean winter SST (1982–2014). The observational analysis shows that both the synoptic environment and local SST are important factors for the occurrence of anomalous heavy snowfall over the YD region. The favorable synoptic environments can be characterized by eastward expansion of the Siberian high over Manchuria and corresponding enhancement of easterly anomalies over the YD region. These conditions are more frequently observed during the weak EAWM years than during the strong EAWM. Furthermore, warm SST over the East Sea contributes to heavy snowfall over the YD region by providing heat and moisture in the lower troposphere, which are important sources of energy for the formation of heavy snowfall. Warm SST anomalies over the East Sea enhance low-level moisture convergence over the YD region, while cold SST anomalies lead to reduced moisture convergence. Sensitivity experiments indicate that local SST can significantly affect snowfall amount over the YD region when the synoptic environments are favorable. However, without these synoptic conditions (expansion of the Siberian high and easterly inflow), the impact of local SST on the snowfall over the YD region is not significant.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient with fulminant pulmonary embolism refractory to intraarrest thrombolysis
Authors: Thind Guramrinder Singh , Hanane Tarik , Bribriesco Alejandro , Yun James , Anandamurthy Balaram , Latifi Mani , Unai Shinya , Krishnan Sudhir 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: A fulminant pulmonary embolism is a potentially reversible cause of cardiac arrest with a reported mortality rate of up to 95%. Therapeutic strategies for fulminant pulmonary embolism continue to evolve. Case report: We present a case of a 38-year-old female who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest due to fulminant pulmonary embolism. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (facilitated by the LUCAS™ mechanical chest compression device) was successfully performed in this patient following failure of intraarrest thrombolysis. Discussion: For the management of fulminant pulmonary embolism, utilization of clot-directed therapies, especially intraarrest thrombolysis, has garnered increasing traction and interest. However, this therapeutic approach has its limitations. Fortuitously, the emergence of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation has added a new dimension to the treatment of fulminant pulmonary embolism. A protocolized approach to treatment can improve outcomes in these patients. Conclusion: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be used as a salvage therapy in patients with fulminant pulmonary embolism in whom intraarrest thrombolysis has failed.
Intranasal dopamine attenuates fear responses induced by electric shock to the foot and by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter
Authors: de Carvalho Milene Cristina , Figueiredo Rebeca Machado de , Coimbra Norberto Cysne , Leite-Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , de Souza Silva Maria Angélica , Huston Joseph P , Mattern Claudia , Brandão Marcus Lira 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Intranasally applied dopamine (IN-DA), which likely reaches the brain via nasal–brain pathways and bypasses the blood–brain barrier, has been found to increase extracellular DA and bind to the DA2 transporter in the striatum. Recent studies suggest that DA plays a significant role in the processing of signaled and unconditioned aversive stimulation, including evidence that may attenuate responses to painful input. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IN-DA on fear-related behaviors induced by electric shock to the foot or by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG). Methods: DA hydrochloride suspended in a viscous castor oil gel (1 or 2 mg/kg) was applied (IN-DA) in a volume of 5 μL into the nostrils of adult Wistar male rats in order to evaluate its effects on (a) freezing induced by electric shock to the foot and (b) thresholds of freezing and escape and duration of post-stimulation freezing induced by electrical stimulation of the dPAG. Results: IN-DA attenuated freezing induced by electric shock to the foot in the three test trials, indicating that it reduced long-term fear responses. IN-DA also increased the threshold of dPAG stimulation-induced escape responses and reduced post-stimulation freezing. Conclusions: IN-DA, which has previously been shown to facilitate learning and to have antidepressive-like effects, attenuated unconditioned fear responses elicited by peripheral and intramesencephalic (dPAG) stimulation and reduced long-term conditioned fear responses.
Three-dimensional printing for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with renal tumors
Authors: Fan Gang , Meng Yanbin , Zhu Shuai , Ye Mingji , Li Mingfeng , Li Feiping , Ye Yuanchun , Liu Zhizhong , Weiqin Han , Xie Yu 
Published: July 2019

Objectives To explore the efficacy of three-dimensional printing physical model-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (3D-LPN) in patients with renal tumors. Methods We retrospectively assessed all patients who underwent LPN with or without 3D-printed physical model assistance from January 2016 to February 2018 at our institution. The demographic characteristics, operative findings, and clinical outcomes from the procedure were collected and analyzed. Results Sixty-nine patients underwent 3D-LPN and 58 underwent traditional LPN. The groups showed no differences in demographics, RENAL score, surgical approach, operative time, estimated intra-/postoperative blood loss, increased creatinine level, or complications. In the 3D-LPN group, warm ischemia time was shorter, whereas surgery waiting time was longer, compared with those parameters in the LPN group. Subgroup analysis indicated that for patients with RENAL score ≥8, the 3D-LPN group had significantly shorter warm ischemic time and less intraoperative blood loss than the traditional LPN group. Intra- and postoperative hospital complication rates were similar for 3D-LPN and traditional LPN groups (8.7% vs. 13.7%). Conclusions 3D printing provides an additional tool to assist with LPN. Use of a 3D model can assist in planning and performance of LPN in patients with RENAL score ≥8.
Treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Dong Weichong , Jin Lin , Yin Yingchao , Zhang Ruipeng , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: July 2019

Objective A basicervical femoral neck fracture, which is located at the junction between the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region, is a rare type of fracture. The treatment effects for this type of fracture vary. The present retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of proximal femoral nail antirotation and illustrate its effect on improving the clinical prognosis of basicervical femoral neck fractures. Methods Fourteen patients with two-part basicervical fractures underwent treatment with proximal femoral nail antirotation. Results The treatment exhibited a good effect on decreasing complications such as femoral neck shortening and screw protrusion. Improvements were also noted in the Harris hip score and other clinical prognostic factors. The patients were satisfied with the prognosis, although not all of them returned to their preinjury level of occupation or daily activities. Conclusion This research provides clinical data to support the treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation and contributes to our understanding of treatment selection in the clinical setting. Selection of the optimal fixation method and subsequent conservative rehabilitation plan will benefit patients with basicervical femoral neck fractures.
Locating Savitribai Phule’s Feminism in the Trajectory of Global Feminist Thought
Authors: Pandey Renu 
Published: July 2019

Initially, the feminist thought was based on Humanist approach, that is, the sameness or essentialist approach of feminism. But recently, gender and feminism have evolved as complicated terms and gender identification as a complicated phenomenon. This is due to the identification of multiple intersectionalities around gender, gender relations and power hierarchies. There are intersections based on age, caste, class, abilities, ethnicity, race, sexuality and other societal divisions. Apart from these societal intersections, intersection can also be sought in the theory of feminism like historical materialist feminisms, postcolonial and anti-racist feminisms, liberal feminism, radical feminisms, sexual difference feminisms, postmodern feminisms, queer feminisms, cyber feminisms, post-human feminisms and most recent choice feminisms and so on. Furthermore, In India, there have been assertions for Dalit/Dalit bahujan/ abrahmini/ Phule-Ambedkarite feminisms. Gender theorists have evolved different approaches to study gender. In addition to the distinction between a biosocial and a strong social constructionist approach, distinctions have been made between essentialist and constructionist approaches. The above theories and approaches present differential understandings of intersections between discourse, embodiment and materiality, and sex and gender. The present article will endeavour to bring out the salient points in the feminist ideology of Savitribai Phule as a crusader for gender justice and will try to locate her feminist ideology in the overall trajectory of global feminist thought. The article suggests that Savitibai’s feminism shows characteristics of all the three waves of feminism.
Overvaluation of Eating and Satiation Explains the Association of Food Insecurity and Food Intake With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Caamaño María C. , García Olga P. , Parás Pablo , Palacios Jorge R. , Rosado Jorge L. 
Published: July 2019

Background: In developing countries, where energy-dense foods with low nutrient content are highly accessible, the fear of feeling hungry and the desire of prolonging satiation have been documented. Objective: To evaluate the role of valuation of eating and satiation in the relationship of food insecurity with diet, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk with structural equation modeling. Methods: A validated questionnaire that measures the value of eating and satiation (VES) as the basis of wealth was administered to 321 adult women from Queretaro, Mexico. Instruments for measurement of socioeconomic status, food insecurity, physical activity, and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were also applied. Women were measured and weighed, and they provided a fasting blood sample to determine lipid profile, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Structural equation models were used for prediction of the homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol index. Results: The models confirmed, with acceptable goodness-of-fit parameters, the mediation position of VES between past experiences of food insecurity and a greater intake of carbohydrates and its impact on obesity, and on the HOMA-IR and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol index. Conclusion: Experiences of food insecurity may increase VES in women and influence eating behavior, increasing intake of sugars and starches in their diet, thus increasing the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes. The understanding of essential values that induce unfavorable eating behavior in a population that has experienced past food insecurity may help to develop public health strategies for prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Neuro-Interventional Use of Oral Antiplatelets: A Survey of Neuro-Endovascular Centers in the United States and Review of the Literature
Authors: Farrokh Salia , Owusu Kent , Lara Lucia Rivera , Nault Katharine , Hui Ferdinand , Spoelhof Brian 
Published: July 2019

Background: Intra- and postprocedural thrombosis are major complication of aneurysmal coil embolization, stent-assisted coiling, and pipeline embolization. The common but unproven practice of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor in neuro-endovascular patients is inferred from the cardiology literature without large clinical trials to support it in neuro-endovascular patients. Objective: We conducted an electronic survey to identify practice variations surrounding the use of oral antiplatelets in patients undergoing endovascular neuro-interventional procedures across neuro-endovascular centers in the United States. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed via the Web. Any practicing neuro-intensive care unit (ICU), neuro-interventional or stroke physician, pharmacist, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner was eligible to respond to this survey between June and October 2017. Results: A total of 33 responses were collected during the survey period. A response rate of 16% was calculated after taking into account all comprehensive stroke centers in the United States. Aspirin and clopidogrel was the standard-of-care antiplatelet regimen utilized in the majority of institutions (82%). Alternatively, 4 institutions used monotherapy (aspirin [n = 2], clopidogrel [n = 1], either aspirin or clopidogrel [n = 1]) and 2 institutions reported practitioner-dependent practices. Just under half of the centers reported ticagrelor as the primary alternative in clopidogrel nonresponders (48%). Conclusion: Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel appears to be standard of care in this setting based on our survey. About half of responding institutions use ticagrelor in cases where clopidogrel resistance is suspected. Large society-wide patient registries are needed to provide data for future safety and efficacy studies.
National Trends in Statin Medication Prescribing in Patients With a History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Snyder Brittany M. , Soric Mate M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Guidelines support statin therapy post-stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA); however, previously reported utilization rates are suboptimal. Objective: This study investigates the incidence of statin usage in patients with a documented stroke or TIA while identifying predictors of statin use. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Results: A total of 2963 unweighted visits were included in the analysis, representing a total of 52 645 000 office visits when weighted. Statin therapy was initiated or continued in 35.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.4-39.0%) of office visits. Upon multivariate analysis, positive predictors of statin therapy included a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.60; 95% CI: 2.40-5.41), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) therapy (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.69-3.76), aspirin therapy (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.40-2.93), and clopidogrel therapy (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.69-4.02). Negative predictors of statin therapy included office visits with neurologists when compared to visits with primary care practitioners (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33-0.90) and office visits in rural areas when compared to office visits in urban areas (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.41-0.99). Conclusion: Various factors impact statin therapy use with overall utilization being suboptimal, highlighting an opportunity for medication optimization.