bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Intimal Proliferation of Rabbit Aorta by Ticlopidine
Authors: Reece A. H. , Walton P.L. 
Published: May 2019

Proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima of arteries at sites adjacent to damaged endothelium may be stimulated by growth factors released from platelets. We have studied the effect of treatment with two inhibitors of platelet function, Ticlopidine and Sulphlnpyrazone, on the rate and extent of intimal proliferation In rabbit abdominal aorta following endarterectomy using a balloon catheter. Aortas were removed at Intervals after surgery, fixed, sectioned and the extent of intimal proliferation was measured using an Image analyser (Quantlmet 720). The arc a of Intimal growth as a percentage of total area of aorta was 42.4±2.8,22.3±1.2 and 50.9±2.0, 33.9±2.0 in control and Ticlopidine treated animals 30 and 60 days after endarterectomy, respectively. Thus treatment with Ticlopidine (50mg/kg/day P. O.) produced a highly significant (p<.001) reduction In the extent of intimai growth In these animals (c 50%), where as Sulphlnpyrazone (50mg/kg/day P. O.) had no effect. ADP Induced platelet aggregation was reduced (c 30%) during the treatment with Ticlopidine but not during treatment with Sulphlnpyrazone.These findings indicate that Ticlopidine treatment limits intimai proliferation In rabbits following endothelial cell Injury and may be of value in limiting this process In man.
Effect of Endotoxin on Kinetics of Antithrombin III
Authors: Tanaka H. , Kobayashi N. , Takeuchi T. , Takada M. , Haekawa T. 
Published: May 2019

The kinetics of antithrombin III(AT III) in dogs were studied using I-125-labelled AT III and Se-75-methionine. As reported at the last meeting of ISH, the plasma half-life of AT III was 1.7±0.2 days in normal 5 control dogs. The double i.v. administration of 200 ug/ltg of endotoxin and the single i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg of endotoxin resulted in 30% decrease of plasma AT III, 60% decrease of coagulation Factors (I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX), the shortening of plasma half-life of AT III to 1.4 days and the increase of J3u values, suggesting increase of the synthesis rate of AT III. Then, the synthesis of AT III was studied directly using Se-75-methionine. After i.v. injection of Se-75-methionine, blood samples were obtained. One ml of sample plasma was incubated for 24 hrs with 1 ml of anti-AT III antiserum, which was produied in rabbits and the radioactivity of the precipitates were determined. About 80% of AT III was recovered in the precipitates by this method. The maximum radioactivity was obtained 18 hrs after injection of Se-75-methionine, and 0.27 % of total injected Se-75-methionine were utilized to the production of AT III.These results indicates that; 1. Endotoxin accelerates the metabolism of AT III. 2. The analysis of AT III production is possible using Se-75-methionine as a tracer.
Acquired Antithrombin III (AT III) - Deficiency in Septicaemia
Authors: Deutsch E. , Thaler E. 
Published: May 2019

AT III was measured in 34 patients with clinical and bacteriological evidence of septicaemia using a heparin cofactor assay. Based on the results of positive blood cultures gram-negative septicaemia (G-S) was diagnosed in 10 (group 1) and gram positive septicaemia (G+S) in 9 patients (group 2). From the remaining 15 patients {group 3) blood cultures before onset of antibiotic therapy were not obtained and gave negative results throughout the observation period. Based on bacteria] cultures from other sites than venous blood or bacteriological examination of spinal fluid G-S was assumed in 13 and G+S in 2 patients.In all but one patient of group 1 and one of group 2 AT III activities were decreased below 2 SO of normal controls (n = 91, x = 99.6, SD-8.4) already at the time of the first coagulation screening (patients: n=34,

=58.4, SD-16.6). Analysis of var-ance showed no significant difference between the mean values of the three groups at the c per cent (%) level. The minimal AT III activities during the course of the disease were below the norma] range in all patients studied [n=34,

=51.2, SD=13.6).Thus AT III deficiency appears to be a constant and early finding in G-S and G+S, causing insufficient inhibition of blood coagulation, and hereby may contribute to irreversible tissue damage caused by microthrombi in septic shock. This deficiency may be an important factor in the failure of heparin therapy to reduce mortality from septic shock.
Antithrombin III Levels in Patients on Long Term Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Bull Helen , Hackle I.J. , Brozovic Milica , Woodings D. 
Published: May 2019

The plasma levels of antithrombin III (AT-III) in patients with congenital AT-III deficiency increaae after treatment with oral anticoagulants (Marciniak et al, 1974). This increase has also been observed in patients on oral antico, gulants for treatment or prophylaxis of thromboembolic diseases (O’Brien and Etherington, 1977). We have studied 27 patients stabilized on long term varfarin 3 months or more after the last thromboembolic episode, in parallel vith 18 healthy controls and 20 patients attending a hypertension clinic, who had never been on oral anticoagulants. Thre, methods vere usedl total progressive antithrombin (TAT); immunoassay by Laurell rocket method (AT-IIIAg); and chromogenic assay (AT-IIIBiol) using S 2238 (Kabi-Vitrum). The values obtained verel TAT 102.6 ± 14.6 and 104.0 ± 7.7; AT-IIIAg 96.9 ± 7.2 and 98.8 ± 9.0; AT-IIIBiol 106.9 ± 12.7 and 101.0 ± 12.51 mean ± SD, for healthy controls and patients on varfarin respectively. There Vere no significant differences between the two groups.Only one technique, TAT, vas used in hypertenaive patients 1 the mean value vas 104.1 ± 6.8 and vas not significantly different from the other two groups. Our observations did not confirm that the long term oral anticoagulant treatment vas associated with a significant increaae in AT-Ill levels.
Antithrombin III in Contraceptive Treatments with Oestroprogestagens or Progestagen -Only Pills
Authors: Conard J. , Horellou M.H. , Cazenave B. , Samama M. , Zorn J. R. , Neau C. 
Published: May 2019

Antithrombin III (AT III) has been investigated in women before tatting the pill and after 3 months Or more, between the 22nd and the 26th day of the menstrual Cycle. The oral contraceptives consistedinacombination of a progestogen with 30 to 50 ug of oestrogen, or in a progestogen - only pill.AT III was measured by the Hancini method in plasma an serum and the antithrombin activity in serum by the von Kaulla method.The results were obtained from 120 women before taking the pill, 189 taking an oestro-progestagen : containing 50 μg oestrogenin 96 cases, 30 μg in 65 cases, 30 to 40 μg according to the day of the cycle in 28 cases, and 20 women taking a progestagen-only pill.The results show a statistically significant decrease in AT III in plasma and serum, and in antithrombin activity with all the oestroprogestagens. No difference is found between 50 and 30 fig oestrogen content. With the progestogen-only pills, no decrease in AT III is observed.
Subunit S and A Ratio in Congenital and Acquired Deficiency of Factor XIII
Authors: Barbui T. , Rodeghiero F. , Dini E. 
Published: May 2019

Factor XIII contains two subunits :subunit A, the biologically active component, and subunit S, the “carrier” protein. In 7 homozygotes of factor XIII deficiency, the subunit A was immunologically undetectable while subunit S was on average 32%. The 29 heterozygotes had an average concentration of subunit A 35%, while subunit S was on average 66%. In the heterozygote group, the ratio S/A was 1.93.In 32 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia the ratio S/A was found impaired. The group of patients with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had a ratio 2.08 and the cases without a manifest 0IC had a ratio 2.12.These findings seem to support the view that subunit S plasma concentration drops in accordance to subunit A, even though the reduction of this active componentis due to different mechanisms.
Control of Heparin Treatment with three Different Methods. Behaviour of Antithrombin III
Authors: Bounameaux H. , Marbet G.A. , Airenne H. , Grossmann E. , Stanojevic B. , Eichlisberger R. , Lämmle B. , Duckert F. 
Published: May 2019

In 63 plasma samples from patients under heparin we determined the heparin concentration using the chromogenic substrats S-2222 (COATEST Heparin). Thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), antithrombin III activity (ATIIIact) and concentration (ATIIIimm) were also measured. A good correlation was found between heparin concentration and TT (r= .850, p< .001), heparin concentration and APTT (r =669, p < .001) while the correlation coefficient r between TT and APLT was .896 (p< .001).We found a statilttically significant reduction of ATIIIact with increasing APTT (p < .05. The ATIIIact and ATIIIimm values were also lower (p < .001) in the overanticoaculated group (n=ll) than in the group with insufficient heparinisation (0.18). The mean (±SO) heparin concentration in 12 plasmas with both TT and APTT in the therapeutic range was .54 (±.15) USP-U/al, very similar to that of 13 plasma (.68 ± .46 U/al) insufficiently heparinised accordirig to the APTT. However, the TT recognised then as correctly anticoagulated. Regarding these findings and our good experience without complication by monitoring heparin therapy with TT we assume that TT is more accurate than APTT for this aim.
Platelet Function Studies in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Scarpello J.H.B. , Best L.C. , Marcola B.H. , McGuire M.B. , Preston F.E. , Russell R.G.G. , Ward J.D. 
Published: May 2019

A variety of platelet function tests have been performed in a series of IS diahetics (B male, 7 female). All had clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy and some also had diabetic retinopathy. The following were measured a) Platelet survival as determined using 51Cr-labelled platelets;b) Plasma β-thromboglobulin;c) Platelet aggregate ratio;d) Malonyldialdehyde(MDA) production following the addition of thrombin or arachidonic acid to platelet-rich plasma.The tests showed widespread evidence of altered platelet function. Six patients had a reduced platelet survival time (<72 hrs), four had a reduced platelet aggregate ratio, and six had increased B-thromboglobulin levels. Seven showed abnormally high production of MDA in response to thrombin.No correlation was found between any of the tests in individual patients.These studies confirm that there is a widespread alteration in platelet function in diabetics with complications, but suggest that no single test may be used as an acceptable screening procedure.
Control of Heparin Therapy - is There a Need?
Authors: Salzman E.W. 
Published: May 2019

The argument for laboratory control of heparin treatment rests on 2 issues: 1, that the response to heparin varies from patient to patient and from time to time, and 2, that the clinical results are improved by laboratory control.The theoretical basis for lab control is strong. AT III levels vary and are reduced in thrombotic states. Heparin’s absorption and rate of degradation vary; its survival is shorter after pulmonary embolism.The clinical evidence that lab control prevents bleeding is weak. When heparin is given by intermittent injection, bleeding is not avoided by lab tests. Even with continuous infusion, coagulation tests may identify a group at high risk for bleeding, but lower values are no guarantee against hemorrhage.The case for lab control to assure an anti thrombotic effect is stronger. Clotting test values correlate with recurrent thromboembolism, particularly when heparin is given by continuous infusion. Thromboembolism recurs more ofter after smaller doses or after a poor APTT response to a larger dose. Other clinical settings are analogous: e.g., cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis. New tests may correlate better with clinical events by measuring end products of heparin’s antithrombotic activity rather than its action on coagulation kinetics: e.g., fibrinopeptide A, fibrin monower, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragments, and products of platelet activation.
The Evaluation of the Role of the Kallikrein-Kinin Systems with Coagulation Factors During Pregnancy Delivery and Pueriperium
Authors: Shigenori Suzuki 
Published: May 2019

(Purpose) While it is a well-known fact that the majority of blood coagulation factors are increasing in the latter half of Pregnancy and Delivery, the correlation between Kallikrein-Kinin Systems and Coagulation fretors has not yet been brought to a full explanation. From this point of view, Kininogens and individual coagulation factors were hereby determined in order to clarify the state of hypercoagulability and DIC during Pregnancy and Delivery.(Method) 1) In 20 normal cases from Pregnancy through to Delivery and Pueriperium and 10 cases of DIC, Kininogen were measured with the method of Bioassay using Rat-Uterus. (DINIZ Method) 2) The slate of hypercoagulability in the background of DIC was evaluated by determining many coagulation-factors including Contact Factors.(Results) 1) In the latter hair of the period or gestation, individual factors (excluding Factor XIII) were increasing, especially before Delivery. 2) The high levels or the kininogen in plasma were proved during Pregnancy and before Delivery(8.4 ± 3.4 μg/ml) than that of nonpregnancy (4.3 ± 2.1 μrg/ml) as well as many other coagulation factors. 3) In the cases of DIC, the extrectly low level of Kininogen (2.2± 1.4 μg/ml) were proved.(Conclusion) The levels of Kininogen seems to play an important role in the mechanismus of DIC which start before and immediately after Delivery.
Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII(CPA) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA)
Authors: van Royen E. , Hoekman K. , Elte P. , Schellekens A. 
Published: May 2019

The CPA phenomenon occurs in about 20% of the population, 60% of women using contraceptive drugs and 90% of pregnant women. Cpa positive plasma samples show at 4°C spontaneous activation of prekallikrein and factor VII, shortening of the ThrombotestR Time (TT) and consumption of C4 esterase inhibitor. Since kalllkrein may activate prorenin, we related the CPA phenomenon to PRA.A highly significant correlation was found between the shortening of the TT at 4°C and an increase in PRA during storage of random plasma samples.It is concluded that special care should be taken when PRA is determined in CPA positive plasma samples in order to avoid erroneously high PRA levels.
Failure of Cryoprecipitate to Normalize Platelet Retention in Hereditary and Acquired von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD).
Authors: Niessner H. , Lechner K. 
Published: May 2019

I. In 10 patients with hereditary VWD infusion of 20 U/kg b.w.cryoprecipitate resulted in almost no increase of platelet retention (plat.ret.) despite shortening of the bleeding time and normalizing of VII:Coag, VIII : Ag and ristocetin aggregation (table)Plat.ret. also remained unchanged under repeated infusion of cryoprecipitate or administration of 26 U/kg b.w. highly purified factor VIII. Increasing the cryoprecipitate dose to 43 U/kg b.w. resulted in an improved plat.ret. for four hours only.II. In two patients with acquired VWD and IgG-paraproteinemia the same dose of cryoprecipitate had much less effect on the bleeding time, VIII:Coag, VIII;Ag and ristocetin aggregation, although “in vitro” no inhibitor could be demonstrated.
Chromogenic Assays for the Determination of Prothrombin Related Material in Rat Liver Fractions.
Authors: Beecroft Linda J 
Published: May 2019

Clotting assays are not easily applied to turbid solutions such as microsomal fractions. With the development of chromogenic substrates, the esterolytic activity of prothrombin related material can be assayed biochemically in such systems. Liver fractions were prepared by differential centrifugaron. Liver homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 g. for 10 minutes to yield supernatant 1.Supernatant 1 was further centrifuged at 105,000 g for 60 minutes to yield the microsomal pellet and supernatant 2. Taipan and Echis carinatus snake vanoms were used to generate esterolytic activity in the various liver fractions. In all fractions the esterolytic activity generated by E. carinatus venom was greater than that generated by Taipan Venom. Both assays indicated that the microsomal pellet had similar esterolytic activity to supernatant 2. When liver fractions were prepared from warfarin treated rats, the assays revealed that the relative proportions of prothrombin related material in the fractions had altered. The esterolytic activity of the microsomal fraction was found to be greatly increased whilst supernatant 2 had no detectable activity.Warfarin treated rats have greatly decreased levels of prothrombin in the plasma due to inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation in the liver. It is suggested that the lack of prothrombin in the plasma reflects the lack of soluble prothrombin in supernatant 2, and the concomitant build-up of precursor forms bound to the microsomes.
Adriamycin (A) Induces a Delayed Hypercoagulable and Prothrombotic State in Rats.
Authors: Delaini F. , Popgi A. , Colombo T. , Komblihtt L. , Reyers I. , Mussoni L. , Donati M.B. 
Published: May 2019

The effects of anticancer agents. on the host’s haemostatic mechanism have been given limited attention so far. We have studied the early and long-term changes in haemostatic parameters of normal rats given A. Single doses of A (5-10 mg/kg b.w.), at levels active as an anticancer agent in this animal species, did not induce any acute changes in platelets, fibrinogen or fibrinolytic activity, as long as plasma drug levels were measurable. Two weeks later, however, a hypercoagulable stat developed, characterized by increased fibrinogen and F.VIII:C activity, short APTT, low total antithrombin and heparin cofactor levels and markedly depressed fibrinolytic activity (measured by euglobulin and dilute whole blood clot lysis times, plasminogen and antiplasmin amidolytic activity). These changes were dose-related and lasted at least five weeks after treatment. When the plasma antithrombin level was low, this inhibitor could be measured in the urine. A significant reduction in the occlusion time of an aortic loop was observed in A-treated rats. The occurrence of ascites, proteinuria and reduced plasma protein levels in the same animals suggests that A-induced nephrotoxicity (nephrotic syndrome?) could be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state observed.Supported by Contract NIH-NCI-C-72-3242, NIH (USA) and Italian CNR Project “Control of Tumoral Growth”.
Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration on the Formation of Experimental Stasis Thrombus and Arterial Thrombus
Authors: Ueno T. , Maekawa T. , Kobavashi N. , Tanaka S. 
Published: May 2019

The role of plasma fibrinogen in the formation of the stasis thrombus of the jugular vein and experimental thrombus of the femoral artery was studied in dogs. The score of the stasis thrombus was determined according to Wessler’s standard. Thrombi were formed in all of the nine control dogs injected with 40 ml of normal canine serum containing 20 mg of watersoluble ellagic acid. In the eleven dogs with less than mg/dl of plasma fibrinogen concentration 18 to 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of defibrase no thrombi developed following iv injection with serum and ellagic aci... Thrombi of score 2 to 4 were formed in all of eight dogs with fibrinogen concentraron of more than 120 mg/dl after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. The occludin, thrombus was produced in all of control dogs on the chemically intimectomized femor?l artery with stenosing ligature after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. No thronbi developed in all of five defibrase injected dogs with fibrinogen concentration of less than 60 mg/dl on similary treated femoral artery following in injection with serum and ellagic acid. Occluding thrombus was formed in 7 out of the 9 defibrase treated dogs with fibrinogen concentration of 80 to 255 mg/dl.These results suggest that plasma fibrinogen concentration of more than 30 mg/dl is essential for the formation of either stasis thrombus or occluding arterial thrombus.
Critical Evaluation of Blood Platelet Kinetics in Rat Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Meuleman D.G. , Vogel G.M.T. , Delft van A.M.L. 
Published: May 2019

Blood platelet survival is shortened under several thrombotic conditions. We studied platelet kinetics during arterial thrombosis induced by indwelling intraaortic cannulas in rats. The alteration of platelet behaviour by mechanical and pharmacological interventions was investigated. In our model platelet consumption is strongly increased, leading to a long-lasting, steady state thrombocytopenia but with a normal platelet turnover. Termination of the thrombotic stimulus readily reduces the increased platelet consumption, leading to restoration of normal platelet counts. Pharmacological interference with treatment of either PGE1 or PGI2 decreases platelet consumption and elevates the platelet count, whereas treatment with sulfinpyrazone or Org 3382 does not improve significantly platelet disappearance but partially normalizes the platelet count.We conclude that differences in platelet disappearance in this rat model are measured more sensitively by the difference between platelet production and-consumption (as expressed by the platelet count) than by platelet consumption alone as measured by disappearance of radiolabelled platelets).
Do Oral Anticoagulants Enhance Anti Xa Activity?
Authors: Szwarcer E , Giuliani R. 
Published: May 2019

In vivo studies showed(1)(2) in doge and rabbits, that the antithrombotic protection is clearly related to AntiXa enhanced activity, than to a particular KCCT level (3).Dicoumarins de not prevent experimental thrombous development as heparin (even bellow 5% of K dependent factors concentration and more than 9 5 KCCT). AntiXa measurement was practiced on 20 huaans and 20 dogs, both following anticoagulant (coumarin) treatments.(Biggs technique, 1970, but using unheated test plasmas, and not modifying AntiXa reactivity), it has been claimed that eral anticoagulant» enhanc. AntiXa reactivity.)Reeults showed ne difference between normal humans and dogs plasmas and anticoagulant treated groups and this might be related to the different measurement techniques used.1. Szwarcer E, Giuliani R. World Congr Cardiol (8th), Abstr 1, 1199, pg381, 19782. Chiu HM. Hirsh J, Yung WL. Regeczi E, Gent M. Blood. Vol 49. N 2, 171, f.b, 19773. Giuliani R. Szwarcer E. Thrombosis R.s. Grant MCBS 19784. Wessler S. Gitel S. Circulation. Abstr 0789, I1201, Vols 53-54, Suppl 11, 1976
Hrparins and Other Mucopolisacarids Comparison Between Amtithrombotic and Anticoagulant Effects
Authors: Giuliani R , Szwarcer E. 
Published: May 2019

Lung heparins, mucosal heparins, condroitin sulfate A, M945 (Syntex Arg) were studied in their anticoagulant activity measured in USP or KCCT, related to their AntiXa potentiating effect (anti thrombotic)Measurements were made using Biggs technique, and a personal modification using factor X defficitary plasmas (barium sulfate adsorbed plasmas), 0.15 ionic strength,and measuring residual Xa on VII-X defficitary plasmaWide differences were found between the different compounds,in their Anti Xa/KCCT ratios (or USP).Different pools resulted in different changes in KCCT,so,the AntiXa/KCCT ratios, varied between pools.The ratio grew particularly when some compounds (N945) were used in vivo (dogs), where with nearly no clH.nges in KCCT, the AntiXa potency obtained was the corresponding to 0.2UI/ml of heparin in plasma