bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“People don’t understand what goes on in here”: A consensual qualitative research analysis of inmate-caregiver perspectives on prison-based end-of-life care
Authors: Depner Rachel M , Grant Pei C , Byrwa David J , Breier Jennifer M , Lodi-Smith Jennifer , Luczkiewicz Debra L , Kerr Christopher W 
Published: February 2018

Background: The age demographic of the incarcerated is quickly shifting from young to old. Correctional facilities are responsible for navigating inmate access to healthcare; currently, there is no standardization for access to end-of-life care. There is growing research support for prison-based end-of-life care programs that incorporate inmate peer caregivers as a way to meet the needs of the elderly and dying who are incarcerated. Aim: This project aims to (a) describe a prison-based end-of-life program utilizing inmate peer caregivers, (b) identify inmate-caregiver motivations for participation, and (c) analyze the role of building trust and meaningful relationships within the correctional end-of-life care setting. Design: A total of 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with inmate-caregivers. Data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology. Setting/participants: All inmate-caregivers currently participating in the end-of-life peer care program at Briarcliff Correctional Facility were given the opportunity to participate. All participants were male, over the age of 18, and also incarcerated at Briarcliff Correctional Facility, a maximum security, state-level correctional facility. Results: In total, five over-arching and distinct domains emerged; this manuscript focuses on the following three: (a) program description, (b) motivation, and (c) connections with others. Conclusion: Findings suggest that inmate-caregivers believe they provide a unique and necessary adaptation to prison-based end-of-life care resulting in multilevel benefits. These additional perceived benefits go beyond a marginalized group gaining access to patient-centered end-of-life care and include potential inmate-caregiver rehabilitation, correctional medical staff feeling supported, and correctional facilities meeting end-of-life care mandates. Additional research is imperative to work toward greater standardization of and access to end-of-life care for the incarcerated.
Long-term depression induced by endogenous cannabinoids produces neuroprotection via astroglial CB1R after stroke in rodents
Authors: Wang Feng , Han Jing , Higashimori Haruki , Wang Jingyi , Liu Jingjing , Tong Li , Yang Yongjie , Dong Hailong , Zhang Xia , Xiong Lize 
Published: February 2018

Ischemia not only activates cell death pathways but also triggers endogenous protective mechanisms. However, it is largely unknown what is the essence of the endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms induced by preconditioning. In this study we demonstrated that systemic injection of JZL195, a selective inhibitor of eCB clearance enzymes, induces in vivo long-term depression at CA3-CA1 synapses and at PrL-NAc synapses produces neuroprotection. JZL195-elicited long-term depression is blocked by AM281, the antagonist of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) and is abolished in mice lacking cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) in astroglial cells, but is conserved in mice lacking CB1R in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. Blocking the glutamate NMDA receptor and the synaptic trafficking of glutamate AMPA receptor abolishes both long-term depression and neuroprotection induced by JZL195. Mice lacking CB1R in astroglia show decreased neuronal death following cerebral ischemia. Thus, an acute elevation of extracellular eCB following eCB clearance inhibition results in neuroprotection through long-term depression induction after sequential activation of astroglial CB1R and postsynaptic glutamate receptors.
A Genesis of Street Communality: With Special Reference to the Political Culture of Street Violence in Nairobi
Authors: Motoji Matsuda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to elucidate the genesis of communality in the urban street. Although in the modern world cities have long been seen as research laboratories, in today's context of globalization they are becoming more radical and dynamic; they are becoming experimental theatres of social change. Since the end of the twentieth century, the political and economic reorganization of the world order is producing dramatic changes in various societies throughout the globe. This is bringing about changes which tend to standardize society and atomize individual subjects. These changes are seemingly connected, but they do exist alone, separately. In this complex situation, we are confronted with the fundamental question, how can people construct communality transcending differences among them? The present study looks for an answer to this question, paying special attention to collective violence in the urban street, where ‘emergent but real’ norms are constructed among the rioters and the communality genesis mechanism is activated. In order to make a case for this urban communality, the analysis focuses on events in the streets of Nairobi at the time of the Second Liberation of 1990s and during the Post-Election Violence of 2007–2008. People with different political and religious affiliation and ethnic identity were involved in violent urban riots. They were originally strangers, but they generated new social order and norms. In the street, they constructed and shared a provisional communality, which was emergent and fluid but also real and firm.
The Role of BMI in Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Akinleye Sheriff D. , Garofolo Garret , Culbertson Maya Deza , Homel Peter , Erez Orry 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Obesity is an oft-cited cause of surgical morbidity and many institutions require extensive supplementary screening for obese patients prior to surgical intervention. However, in the elderly patients, obesity has been described as a protective factor. This article set out to examine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes and morbidity after hip fracture surgery. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all patients undergoing 1 of 4 surgical procedures to manage hip fracture between 2008 and 2012. Patient demographics, BMI, and known factors that lead to poor surgical outcomes were included as putative predictors for complications that included infectious, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neurovascular events. Using χ2 tests, 30-day postoperative complication rates were compared between 4 patient groups stratified by BMI as low weight (BMI < 20), normal (BMI = 20-30), obese (BMI = 30-40), and morbidly obese (BMI > 40). Results: A total of 15 108 patients underwent surgery for hip fracture over the examined 5-year period. Of these, 18% were low weight (BMI < 20), 67% were normal weight (BMI = 20-30), 13% were obese (BMI = 30-40), and 2% were morbidly obese (BMI > 40). The low-weight and morbidly obese patients had both the highest mortality rates and the lowest superficial infection rates. There was a significant increase in blood transfusion rates that decreased linearly with increasing BMI. Deep surgical site infection and renal failure increased linearly with increasing BMI, however, these outcomes were confounded by comorbidities. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients at either extreme of the BMI spectrum, rather than solely the obese, are at greatest risk of major adverse events following hip fracture surgery. This runs contrary to the notion that obese hip fracture patients automatically require additional preoperative screening and perioperative services, as currently implemented in many institutions.
Radiological Fusion Criteria of Postoperative Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oshina Masahito , Oshima Yasushi , Tanaka Sakae , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: February 2018

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: Diagnosis of pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical fusion is difficult, and often depends on the surgeon’s subjective assessment because recommended radiographic criteria are lacking. This review evaluated the available evidence for confirming fusion after anterior cervical surgery. Methods: Articles describing assessment of anterior cervical fusion were retrieved from MEDLINE and SCOPUS. The assessment methods and fusion rates at 1 and 2 years were evaluated to identify reliable radiographical criteria. Results: Ten fusion criteria were described. The 4 most common were presence of bridging trabecular bone between the endplates, absence of a radiolucent gap between the graft and endplate, absence of or minimal motion between adjacent vertebral bodies on flexion-extension radiographs, and absence of or minimal motion between the spinous processes on flexion-extension radiographs. The mean fusion rates were 90.2% at 1 year and 94.7% at 2 years. The fusion rate at 2 years had significant independence ( P = .048). Conclusions: The most common fusion criteria, bridging trabecular bone between the endplates and absence of a radiolucent gap between the graft and endplate, are subjective. We recommend using <1 mm of motion between spinous processes on extension and flexion to confirm fusion.
The impact of insulin pump therapy to oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Xing-Guang , Zhang Yan-Qi , Cheng Qian-Peng , Cao Yi , Sun Jian-Min , Lv Xiao-Feng 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
The oxidative stress resulting from increased production of ROS plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications. We aim to explore the relationships between oxidative stress, diabetic nephropathy (DN) and short-term insulin pump intensive therapy (insulin therapy).

Methods
Levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated before and after 2 weeks of insulin therapy in normal group (NC) and type 2 diabetic (DM) with normal albuminuria (NA), microalbuminuria (MA) and clinical albuminuria (CA).

Results
In DM group, levels of 8-OHdG and 3-NT were higher than those in NC group (P < 0.05); GSH and SOD were lower (P < 0.05). And their levels changed with urine albumin–creatinine ratio (P < 0.05). After insulin therapy, these derangements were significantly ameliorated and the changes in NA and MA groups were more significant than CA group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed glycated hemoglobin, the course of disease, the HOME-IR and fasting plasma glucose were positively correlated with 8-OHdG and 3-NT, but negatively correlated with GSH and SOD.

Conclusions
The oxidative stress gradually increased with the magnitude of DN, and insulin pump intensive therapy can significantly ameliorate the derangements in the early stage of DN.
Trial registration NCT03174821
Differences in gene expression profile between vocal cord Leukoplakia and normal larynx mucosa by gene chip
Authors: Peng Jianhua , Li He , Chen Jun , Wu Xianming , Jiang Tao , Chen Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2018

Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. Vocal cord leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion in otolaryngological practice. Till now, the expression patterns and functions of lncRNAs in vocal cord leukoplakia have not been well understood. In this study, we used microarrays to investigate the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in vocal cord leukoplakia and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Methods Gene Ontology and pathway analyses were performed to determine the significant function and pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs. qRT-PCR was performed to further validate the expression of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs in vocal cord leukoplakia. Results Our study identified 170 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 99 differentially expressed mRNAs, including 142 up-regulated lncRNAs and 28 down-regulated lncRNAs, and 54 up-regulated mRNAs and 45 down-regulated mRNAs. Among these, XLOC_000605 and DLX6-AS1 were the most aberrantly expressed lncRNAs. Furthermore, we identified an antisense lncRNA (LOC100506801), an enhancer-like lncRNA (AK057351) and three long intergenetic noncoding RNAs including XLOC_008001, XLOC_011989 and XLOC_007341. Conclusions Our results revealed that many lncRNAs were differentially expressed between vocal cord leukoplakia tissues and normal tissue, suggesting that they may play a key role in vocal cord leukoplakia tumorigenesis.
Seismic sedimentological evidence for filling process of western Central Canyon System controlled by the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the East Asia monsoon since the Late Miocene, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zeng Hongliu , Wu Shiguo , Wang Weiwei , Li Qingping , Mi Lijun 
Published: February 2018

Three-dimensional blended data, comprised of amplitude and coherence cubes, are used to analyze the evolution of the Central Canyon System (CCS) since the Late Miocene within the western Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), South China Sea. The evolution of the canyon since the late Miocene includes two phases and five stages, with a dramatic change of deepwater sediment bodies from early, predominantly axial channel-levee deposits (CLDs) to late, primarily side mass-transport deposits (MTD). During the first and second stages (approximately 5.3–3.7 Ma), axial CLDs derived from the western slope of the South China Sea dominated the sediment bodies within the canyon. The last three stages (3.7 Ma to Recent) were dominated by side MTD, which originated from the northern slope of the South China Sea. Since the canyon was completely filled at 2.4 Ma, axial CLDs only reactivated in the lower strata of the most southern region of the study area. The time of formation of the CCS (approximately 11.6–8.2 Ma) is almost synchronous with the rise of the Himalayas and the first enhancement of the East Asia monsoon during the middle and late Miocene. The change of deepwater deposits within the canyon, which has varied from CLDs to MTDs since 3.7 Ma, is in phase with the further rapid uplift of the entire Tibetan Plateau and the second enhancement of the East Asia monsoon during the middle Pliocene. This evidence suggests that the formation and filling of the canyon should be controlled by the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the East Asia monsoon. Tectonics and the East Asia monsoon controlled the evolution of the CCS by changing erosion rates from the Tibetan Plateau, South China Block, and Indochina Peninsula, and sedimentary rates within the Yinggehai Basin and QDNB.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Surgery Versus Concomitant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Patients With Stage IB2, IIA, or IIB Squamous Cervical Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gupta Sudeep , Maheshwari Amita , Parab Pallavi , Mahantshetty Umesh , Hawaldar Rohini , Sastri (Chopra) Supriya , Kerkar Rajendra , Engineer Reena , Tongaonkar Hemant , Ghosh Jaya , Gulia Seema , Kumar Neha , Shylasree T. Surappa , Gawade Renuka , Kembhavi Yogesh , Gaikar Madhuri , Menon Santosh , Thakur Meenakshi , Shrivastava Shyam , Badwe Rajendra 
Published: February 2018

Purpose We compared the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery versus standard cisplatin-based chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced squamous cervical cancer. Patients and Methods This was a single-center, phase III, randomized controlled trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00193739). Eligible patients were between 18 and 65 years old and had stage IB2, IIA, or IIB squamous cervical cancer. They were randomly assigned, after stratification by stage, to receive either three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using paclitaxel and carboplatin once every 3 weeks followed by radical hysterectomy or standard radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin once every week for 5 weeks. Patients in the neoadjuvant group received postoperative adjuvant radiation or concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, if indicated. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS), defined as survival without relapse or death related to cancer, and secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity. Results Between September 2003 and February 2015, 635 patients were randomly assigned, of whom 633 (316 patients in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery group and 317 patients in the concomitant chemoradiation group) were included in the final analysis, with a median follow-up time of 58.5 months. The 5-year DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery group was 69.3% compared with 76.7% in the concomitant chemoradiation group (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.87; P = .038), whereas the corresponding 5-year OS rates were 75.4% and 74.7%, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.025; 95% CI, 0.752 to 1.398; P = .87). The delayed toxicities at 24 months or later after treatment completion in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery group versus the concomitant chemoradiation group were rectal (2.2% v 3.5%, respectively), bladder (1.6% v 3.5%, respectively), and vaginal (12.0% v 25.6%, respectively). Conclusion Cisplatin-based concomitant chemoradiation resulted in superior DFS compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Ο Παναγιώτης Κονδύλης ως κριτικός του συντηρητισμού και του νεοσυντηρητισμού
Authors: Καραλής (Dimitris Karalis) Δημήτρης , Πεχλιβανίδης (Anastasios Pechlivanidis) Αναστάσιος 
Published: February 2018

Στο παρόν άρθρο μελετούμε τις αποκλίσεις της κονδυλικής ανάλυσης της ιστορίας των ιδεών των νεότερων χρόνων από την αντίστοιχη σμιτιανής προέλευσης ανάλυση του Koselleck, όπως αυτή παρουσιάζεται στο έργο του Critique and Crisis. Ταυτόχρονα, επιχειρούμε να δείξουμε ότι η κονδυλική ανάλυση της ιστορίας των ιδεών των νεότερων χρόνων αποδομεί, παράλληλα με εκείνη του Koselleck, τις συντηρητικές και νεοσυντηρητικές αναγνώσεις του διαφωτισμού και του αντιδιαφωτισμού.
Two center experience of capsule endoscopy in Iran: Report on 101 cases
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Asasi Morteza , Joukar Farahnaz , Rafiei Rahmatollah , Mansour-Ghanaei Alireza , Hajipour-Jafroudi Ehsan 
Published: February 2018

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a minimally invasive method for the visual examination of the small intestine, which may be for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. It can also be used to look at mucosal inflammation. Methods: This cross sectional study was used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of the CE system by performing a cross-sectional study of cases from 2011-2014. This study involved a total of 101 Iranian patients who were referred to the gastrointestinal and liver diseases outpatient clinics in Guilan (northern Iran) and in Isfahan (central Iran) for complaints of gastrointestinal problems. For all patients, definitive diagnosis had failed with the use of other diagnostic tools and CE was performed. Descriptive analysis was used. The patient population was represented by men and women equally, and the mean age of the patients was 42.3 ± 17.2 years (range: 16-89 years). Results: The final diagnoses were: non-specific enteritis (30.6%), Crohn's disease (20.7%), ulcers caused by aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8.9%), mucosal erosion (5.9%) and angioectasia (4.9%); nearly 10% of the patients had normal findings. Analysis of the distribution of chief presenting complaints with patients stratified by the final diagnosis of Crohn's disease showed that the most frequently presented chief complaint was abdominal pain 42.9% and the least frequently presented chief complaint was diarrhea (4.8%). Conclusions: Small bowel evaluation by CE was well tolerated and capable of diagnosing Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who failed other diagnostic tests.
Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Autonomy and Postpartum STD Prevention Among Young Couples: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Willie Tiara C. , Callands Tamora A. , Kershaw Trace S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCONTEXTThe transition to parenthood is a stressful time for young couples and can put them at risk for acquiring STDs. Mechanisms underlying this risk—particularly, intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual autonomy—have not been well studied.METHODSBetween 2007 and 2011, a prospective cohort study of the relationships and health of pregnant adolescents and their male partners recruited 296 couples at four hospital‐based obstetrics and gynecology clinics in the U.S. Northeast; participants were followed up six and 12 months after the birth. Structural equation modeling identified associations among IPV at baseline and six months, sexual autonomy at six months and STD acquisition at 12 months. Mediating effects of sexual autonomy were tested via bootstrapping.RESULTSFemales were aged 14–21, and male partners were 14 or older. For females, IPV victimization at baseline was positively associated with the likelihood of acquiring a postpartum STD (coefficient, 0.4); level of sexual autonomy was inversely associated with the likelihood of acquiring an STD and of having a male partner who acquired one by the 12‐month follow‐up (–0.4 for each). For males, IPV victimization at baseline was negatively correlated with a female partner's sexual autonomy (–0.3) and likelihood of acquiring an STD (–0.7); victimization at six months was positively related to a partner's sexual autonomy (0.2). Sexual autonomy did not mediate these relationships.CONCLUSIONSFemales' sexual autonomy appears to protect against postpartum STDs for both partners. Future research should explore the efficacy of IPV‐informed approaches to improving women's sexual and reproductive health.
Business Challenges in the Architecture Industry
Authors: Bondare Santa , Volkova Tatjana , Bondars Edgars , Barvika Sarmīte 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper highlights the current critical business challenges in the architecture industry. The initial study reviews the latest statistics of the architecture industry, research findings in the discipline of architecture management, knowledge and education gaps, as well as current business needs and development perspective. The review of the Latvian architecture industry based on publicly available data and the opinion of professionals concerning the business needs of the architecture industry is used as a case study.
The main recommendations for architecture industry professionals are related to necessity to improve the architects’ awareness and understanding of the influence of critical business functions to the company performance results, and application of most advanced management tools in architecture industry for ensuring business viability. The paper is highlighting the need for further research on critical business functions directly linked with specific aspects of architecture industry in different business contexts.
Black-Bridge data in the detection of forest area changes in the example of Sudety and Beskidy
Authors: Hycza Tomasz , Stereńczak Krzysztof , Bałazy Radomir 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Two change detection techniques (NDVI differencing and post-classification analysis) were compared, in order to detect canopy cover changes in forests on the area of twelve forest districts in the Sudety and West Beskidy Mountains in Poland, using 2012 and 2013 Black-Bridge satellite images. Although the classification accuracy of the respective images was high (about 95%), the accuracy of the difference in bi-temporal images was much worse because of the short time between the dates of images and the imperfection of the algorithm calculating the unclear boundary between the forest and no-forest areas. NDVI differencing method and thresholding brought much better overall results, although roads, clouds and fogs caused much problem performing pseudo-changes.