bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐sulfur cluster carrier proteins involved in the assembly of Escherichia coli NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I)
Authors: Burschel Sabrina , Kreuzer Decovic Doris , Nuber Franziska , Stiller Marie , Hofmann Maud , Zupok Arkadiusz , Siemiatkowska Beata , Gorka Michal , Leimkühler Silke , Friedrich Thorsten 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (respiratory complex I) is the main entry point for electrons into the Escherichia coli aerobic respiratory chain. With its sophisticated setup of 13 different subunits and 10 cofactors, it is anticipated that various chaperones are needed for its proper maturation. However, very little is known about the assembly of E. coli complex I, especially concerning the incorporation of the iron‐sulfur clusters. To identify iron‐sulfur cluster carrier proteins possibly involved in the process, we generated knockout strains of NfuA, BolA, YajL, Mrp, GrxD and IbaG that have been reported either to be involved in the maturation of mitochondrial complex I or to exert influence on the clusters of bacterial complex. We determined the NADH and succinate oxidase activities of membranes from the mutant strains to monitor the specificity of the individual mutations for complex I. The deletion of NfuA, BolA and Mrp led to a decreased stability and partially disturbed assembly of the complex as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and native PAGE. EPR spectroscopy of cytoplasmic membranes revealed that the BolA deletion results in the loss of the binuclear Fe/S cluster N1b.
Characterization of CRISPR‐Cas systems in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex
Authors: da Silva Xavier André , de Almeida Juliana Cristina Fraleon , de Melo Alessandra Gonçalves , Rousseau Geneviève M. , Tremblay Denise M. , de Rezende Rafael Reis , Moineau Sylvain , Alfenas‐Zerbini Poliane 
Published: September 2018

SummaryClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are composed of an array of short DNA repeat sequences separated by unique spacer sequences that are flanked by associated (Cas) genes. CRISPR‐Cas systems are found in the genomes of several microbes and can act as an adaptive immune mechanism against invading foreign nucleic acids, such as phage genomes. Here, we studied the CRISPR‐Cas systems in plant‐pathogenic bacteria of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). A CRISPR‐Cas system was found in 31% of RSSC genomes present in public databases. Specifically, CRISPR‐Cas types I‐E and II‐C were found, with I‐E being the most common. The presence of the same CRISPR‐Cas types in distinct Ralstonia phylotypes and species suggests the acquisition of the system by a common ancestor before Ralstonia species segregation. In addition, a Cas1 phylogeny (I‐E type) showed a perfect geographical segregation of phylotypes, supporting an ancient acquisition. Ralstoniasolanacearum strains CFBP2957 and K60T were challenged with a virulent phage, and the CRISPR arrays of bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants (BIMs) were analysed. No new spacer acquisition was detected in the analysed BIMs. The functionality of the CRISPR‐Cas interference step was also tested in R. solanacearum CFBP2957 using a spacer‐protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) delivery system, and no resistance was observed against phage phiAP1. Our results show that the CRISPR‐Cas system in R. solanacearum CFBP2957 is not its primary antiviral strategy.
The Ḥanbalī Emigration of 551–569 AH/1156–1173 AD in the Context of the Legal Discourse on Muslims under Non‐Muslim Rule
Authors: Smarandache Bogdan C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 551 AH/1156 AD the Ḥanbalī shaykh Aḥmad ibn Qudāma (491–558/1098–1163) emigrated from the Frankish‐ruled region of Samaria. He reached Damascus and advised his relatives to follow suit, thus initiating the two‐decade exodus of the Banū Qudāma from the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The migration story survives in a tenth/sixteenth century chronicle and is attributed to Aḥmad's grandson, Ḍiyā’ al‐Dīn (569–643/1173–1245). According to Ḍiyā’ al‐Dīn, the cause of the emigration was the extreme oppression of the local Frankish lord, Baldwin of Ibelin (d. c. 582/1186), and Aḥmad ibn Qudāma's inability to practice his religion. But scholars have also attributed the emigration to wider ideological and political developments under the reign of Nūr al‐Dīn ibn Zengi (541–569/1146–1174), namely the counter‐crusade and the institutionalization of jihad propaganda. Here I explore the context of the emigration in greater detail while focusing primarily on legal theory. In most cases, a historian can determine the circumstances that led to the issuance of certain legal opinions but in the case of the Ḥanbalī emigration we have an event without an accompanying legal opinion. Accordingly, the emigration must be analyzed in light of developments in Ḥanbalī legal thought prior to and during the crusades and in consideration of how members of the Banū Qudāma perceived their role prior to and during the emigration. Aḥmad's role as a charismatic shaykh and spiritual leader became ever more critical and contentious at a time when political tensions between Franks and Muslims were escalating. Furthermore, the heightened religiosity of the Muslims of Greater Syria inspired other members of the Qudāma family to leave the Frankish domains even though their lives were not in danger. This chapter thus aims to complement Steven Gertz's analysis of legal opinions on the obligation to emigrate (The Muslim World, vol. 103) by providing a grounded example of how such opinions could be enacted.
Independent and Joint‐GWASfor growth traits inEucalyptusby assembling genome‐wide data for 3373 individuals across four breeding populations
Authors: Müller Bárbara S. F. , de Almeida Filho Janeo E. , Lima Bruno M. , Garcia Carla C. , Missiaggia Alexandre , Aguiar Aurelio M. , Takahashi Elizabete , Kirst Matias , Gezan Salvador A. , Silva‐Junior Orzenil B. , Neves Leandro G. , Grattapaglia Dario 
Published: September 2018

SummaryGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in plants typically suffer from limited statistical power. An alternative to the logistical and cost challenge of increasing sample sizes is to gain power by meta‐analysis using information from independent studies.We carried outGWASfor growth traits with six single‐marker models and regional heritability mapping (RHM) in fourEucalyptusbreeding populations independently and by Joint‐GWAS, using gene and segment‐based models, with data for 3373 individuals genotyped with a communalEUChip60KSNPplatform.While single‐single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) GWAShardly detected significant associations at high‐stringency in each population, gene‐based Joint‐GWASrevealed nine genes significantly associated with tree height. Associations detected using single‐SNP GWAS,RHMand Joint‐GWASset‐based models explained on average 3–20% of the phenotypic variance. Whole‐genome regression, conversely, captured 64–89% of the pedigree‐based heritability in all populations. Several associations independently detected for the sameSNPs in different populations provided unprecedentedGWASvalidation results in forest trees. Rare and common associations were discovered in eight genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and lignification.With the increasing adoption of genomic prediction of complex phenotypes using sharedSNPs and much larger tree breeding populations, Joint‐GWASapproaches should provide increasing power to pinpoint discrete associations potentially useful toward tree breeding and molecular applications.
TGACG‐BINDING FACTORs (TGAs) and TGA‐interacting CC‐type glutaredoxins modulate hyponastic growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Ning , Muthreich Martin , Huang Li‐Jun , Thurow Corinna , Sun Tongjun , Zhang Yuelin , Gatz Christiane 
Published: September 2018

Summary

TGACG‐BINDING FACTORs (TGAs) control the developmental or defense‐related processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the functions of at least TGA2 and PERIANTHIA (PAN) can be repressed by interacting with CC‐type glutaredoxins, which have the potential to control the redox state of target proteins. As TGA1 can be redox modulated in planta, we analyzed whether some of the 21 CC‐type glutaredoxins (ROXYs) encoded in the Arabidopsis genome can influence TGA1 activity in planta and whether the redox active cysteines of TGA1 are functionally important.

We show that the tga1 tga4 mutant and plants ectopically expressing ROXY8 or ROXY9 are impaired in hyponastic growth. As expression of ROXY8 and ROXY9 is activated upon transfer of plants from hyponasty‐inducing low light to normal light, they might interfere with the growth‐promoting function of TGA1/TGA4 to facilitate reversal of hyponastic growth.

The redox‐sensitive cysteines of TGA1 are not required for induction or reversal of hyponastic growth.

TGA1 and TGA4 interact with ROXYs 8, 9, 18, and 19/GRX480, but ectopically expressed ROXY18 and ROXY19/GRX480 do not interfere with hyponastic growth. Our results therefore demonstrate functional specificities of individual ROXYs for distinct TGAs despite promiscuous protein–protein interactions and point to different repression mechanisms, depending on the TGA/ROXY combination.
Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management
Authors: Ding C. , Leow M. K.‐S. , Magkos F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryOxytocin was once understood solely as a neuropeptide with a central role in social bonding, reproduction, parturition, lactation and appetite regulation. Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin enhances glucose uptake and lipid utilization in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting that dysfunction of the oxytocin system could underlie the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Murine studies revealed that deficiencies in oxytocin signalling and oxytocin receptor expression lead to obesity despite normal food intake, motor activity and increased leptin levels. In addition, plasma oxytocin concentration is notably lower in obese individuals with diabetes, which may suggest an involvement of the oxytocin system in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. More recently, small scale studies demonstrated that intranasal administration of oxytocin was associated with significant weight loss as well as improvements in insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β‐cell responsivity in human subjects. The multi‐pronged effects of oxytocin signalling on improving peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function and lipid homeostasis strongly suggest a role for this system as a therapeutic target in obesity and diabetes management. The complexity of obesity aetiology and the pathogenesis of obesity‐related metabolic complications underscore the need for a systems approach to better understand the role of oxytocin in metabolic function.
Influence of corticosteroid therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: A narrative review of studies in animal‐models
Authors: Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Al‐Shammery Deema , Rossouw P. Emile , Ahmed Hameeda Bashir , Akram Zohaib , Romanos Georgios E. , Javed Fawad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim was to assess the influence of corticosteroid therapy (CST) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). A narrative review of studies performed in animal models. Indexed databases were searched up to and including May 2018 to address the following focused question: “Does CST affect OTM?” The following eligibility criteria were imposed: (a) original studies; (b) presence of a control group (OTM without CST); (c) intervention: effect of CST on OTM; and (d) statistical analysis. Quality assessment was performed using the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines. Case series, case reports, commentaries, historic reviews and letters to the Editor were excluded. Ten studies performed on animal models were included. The experimental duration ranged between 3 and 49 days. Two studies reported that CST decreases the magnitude of OTM, two studies showed no significant influence of CST on OTM, and two studies found that CST increases OTM. Two studies reported CST significantly decreases bone density and increases bone resorption during OTM. In one study, CST significantly decreased orthodontically induced root resorption. The minimum, median and highest scores (out of 20) based on ARRIVE guidelines were 7, 15.5 and 18, respectively. The influence of CST on OTM in animal models remains debatable.
Description of typical personality factors and events that lead to anxiety at induction of anesthesia in French children
Authors: Delivet Honorine , Beauvais Delphine , Mialot Adelaide , Vacher Thomas , Marsac Lucile , Brasher Christopher , Michelet Daphné , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundPreventive strategies are available to reduce preoperative anxiety in children, the ideal time for implementing such strategies remains poorly determined.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine psychological factors and events involved in the development of preoperative anxiety in children.MethodsThis study consisted of prospective evaluations of anxiety trait and state during the preoperative period. Attendance at a preanesthetic consultation is obligatory for all patients undergoing surgery in France. Anxiety trait and state assessments were quantified in mothers and children before and after the preanesthetic consultation using visual analog and faces numerical scales. Preoperative anxiety in children was assessed immediately before induction of anesthesia using an analog scale. Other data recorded included demographic and medical data and type of hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsOverall 111 consecutive patients were included. The following factors emerged leading to anxiety state at induction of anesthesia: maternal anxiety state before the preanesthetic consultation, a feeling of not being reassured by the anesthesiologist, maternal anxiety state after the consultation, and anxiety trait in the child. Logistic regression found this combination of factors (OR = 4 [1.4 ‐12]) and inpatient stay (OR = 3 [1.4‐7]), predicting anxiety with an accuracy of 69%.ConclusionThe present study identified a combination of psychological factors and events associated with the development of anxiety at induction of anesthesia in children. Parental anxiety impacts upon children and occurs before the preanesthetic consultation. This result may assist clinicians to prescribe personalized preventive strategies against anxiety.
Breeding and genomics status in faba bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: Maalouf Fouad , Hu Jinguo , O'Sullivan Donal M. , Zong Xuxiao , Hamwieh Aladdin , Kumar Shiv , Baum Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFaba bean is an important legume crop because of its high‐yield potential and nutrition‐dense grains. There have been significant achievements in faba bean improvement in the last four decades, which led to the doubling of the global yield average. This study reviews the genetic diversity, the breeding methodologies, major achievement on biotic and abiotic traits, and the recent molecular approaches. The high genetic diversity among faba bean accessions has been useful for increasing yield potential of the crop. Substantial increase in yield potential can be gained through the development of cultivars in open pollinated conditions. In the past, many faba bean varieties that are tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses were released worldwide. The average yield gains varied from 1.65% per year in Syria to 4.17% per year in Ethiopia. The recent advances in molecular technologies will be used to develop more coherent genetic maps, which would also facilitate assembling and ordering genomic scaffolds in a future genome‐sequencing effort and molecular‐breeding approach.
Assessing variability for disease resistance and nutritional quality traits in an interspecific collection of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Bera Sandip K. , Manohar Surendra S. , Variath Murali T. , Chaudhari Sunil , Yaduru Shasidhar , Thankappan Radhakrishnan , Narayana Manivannan , Kurapati Sadaiah , Pandey Manish K. , Sudini Hari K. , Shanmugavel Saravanan , Kulandaivelu Ganesamurthy , Varshney Rajeev K. , Pasupuleti Janila 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRust and late leaf spot (LLS) resistance sources involving Arachis batizocoi, A. duranensis, A. cardenasii and A. sps Manfredi‐5 were identified from field evaluation of interspecific derivatives (IDs) of groundnut in a disease nursery for two seasons. Although the sources displayed low levels of resistance compared to currently cultivated lines, they contribute allele diversity in groundnut breeding that has so far relied on alleles contributed from A. cardenasii for disease resistance. Multiple disease‐resistant and agronomically superior IDs, ICGVs 11379, 10121, 10179, 05097, 02411 and 00248 involving A. batizocoi, A. duranensis and A. cardenasii can be used in breeding for groundnut improvement. Genetic variability for resistance to rust and LLS, yield and nutritional quality traits was influenced by genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects in individual and pooled analyses. In case of FAD (fatty acid desaturase)‐mutant alleles that govern high oleic trait, allele mining of IDs (110) showed that frequency of mutation in ahFAD2B is rare, whereas of ahFAD2A is common. High oleic lines were not detected among the IDs.
Selection of inbred soybean progeny (Glycine max): an approach with population effect
Authors: Volpato Leonardo , Simiqueli Guilherme Ferreira , Alves Rodrigo Silva , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , Del Conte Murilo Viotto , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Silva Felipe Lopes da 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo meet the growing demand of the soybean consumer market, cultivars increasingly early, productive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress are sought. Several populations are obtained in soybean breeding programmes, but progeny are selected without being weighted for their respective population effect. As a consequence, progeny originating from high‐merit populations may be discarded too early. Given this scenario, this study proposes to employ the selection index with progeny and population effect via best linear unbiased prediction (SIPP‐BLUP) for the genetic selection of early and productive soybean progeny. A total of 180 progeny derived from three populations were evaluated for yield‐related traits. Genetic gains from selection, Spearman correlation and coincidence index were used to check the efficiency of the models with and without the population effect. The SIPP‐BLUP index achieved greater selection accuracy and was efficient in the identification and future selection of early soybean progeny. Therefore, this study demonstrates that soybean breeding programmes should consider the population effect via SIPP‐BLUP in progeny selection to obtain future lines that really contribute to genetic gain.
Lacosamide in bipolar disorder: A 30‐day comparison to a retrospective control group treated with other antiepileptics
Authors: Cuomo Ilaria , Piacentino Daria , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Lionetto Luana , De Filippis Sergio 
Published: September 2018

AimBipolar disorder (BD) is often treated with anticonvulsants. Lacosamide has not been tested in BD. We assessed its effects in a hospital setting in patients with BD without epilepsy.MethodsWe treated 102 consecutive hospitalized patients with acute BD with lacosamide 50–300 mg/day. We compared this sample with a retrospective sample treated with other antiepileptics (OAE). We rated patients after 3, 7, 15, and 30 days of treatment with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions – Severity, and Global Assessment of Functioning.ResultsPatients receiving lacosamide were significantly younger and had fewer mixed episodes at intake, and less substance use disorder comorbidity than those receiving OAE. Both groups showed positive effects on all measures. The two groups did not differ on any clinical measure at baseline, but from the 3rd day on, lacosamide patients fared better than OAE patients on the Young Mania Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity and worse on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. From the 15th day, OAE patients scored better on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Global Assessment of Functioning scores were significantly more improved in the lacosamide patients. Age, substance use disorder comorbidity, episode type, and educational level significantly affected results. No interactions were found amongst these parameters.ConclusionLacosamide was effective in reducing psychopathology, mania, depression, and anxiety and in improving global functioning in patients with BD‐I/II disorder in the short term, with few side‐effects. Lacosamide improved mania, clinical severity, and global functioning better than OAE at doses lower than those used in epilepsy.
Stress‐driven increase in proline levels, and not proline levels themselves, correlates with the ability to withstand excess salt in a group of 17 Italian rice genotypes
Authors: Forlani G. , Bertazzini M. , Cagnano G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

In most plant species, a rapid increase in free proline content occurs following exposure to hyperosmotic stress conditions. However, inconsistent results were reported concerning the role of such an increase on the plant response to water shortage or excess salt. Therefore, the possibility that proline accumulation may help the cell to withstand stress conditions, or that it simply represents a stress marker, is still a matter of debate. A possible relationship between proline accumulation and salt tolerance was investigated in a set of 17 Italian rice varieties.

Rice seedlings were exposed to increasing salt concentrations during germination and early growth. The resulting levels of free proline were measured separately in shoots and roots and compared to those in untreated controls. Results were related to the corresponding ability of a given genotype to tolerate stress conditions.

Neither absolute proline levels in untreated or in salt‐stressed seedlings showed a straightforward relationship to the relative tolerance to salt, estimated as conductivity values able to reduce growth by 10 or 50%. Conversely, a highly significant correlation was found between the increase in proline levels in shoots and the ability to withstand stress.

The results strengthen a recent hypothesis suggesting than an increase in proline metabolic rates, more than the resulting proline content, may help the cell to counteract the effects of abiotic stress conditions.
Hard thresholding regression
Authors: Sun Qiang , Jiang Bai , Zhu Hongtu , Ibrahim Joseph G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the hard thresholding regression (HTR) for estimating high‐dimensional sparse linear regression models. HTR uses a two‐stage convex algorithm to approximate the ℓ0‐penalized regression: The first stage calculates a coarse initial estimator, and the second stage identifies the oracle estimator by borrowing information from the first one. Theoretically, the HTR estimator achieves the strong oracle property over a wide range of regularization parameters. Numerical examples and a real data example lend further support to our proposed methodology.