bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to the uptake and implementation of natural flood management: A social‐ecological analysis
Authors: Wells Josh , Labadz Jillian C. , Smith Amanda , Islam Md. Mofakkarul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNatural flood management (NFM) is increasingly promoted as a sustainable flood risk management (FRM) option, but significant barriers remain to its implementation. We assess the barriers to uptake and implementation of NFM using an approach in which we conceptualise a catchment as a social‐ecological system. We investigate the barriers relating to multiple stakeholders, biophysical, and social components and the interactions between these different system elements. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with land managers and practitioners of FRM in the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using qualitative methods, including thematic coding and categorisation. Key barriers of 25 identified were: economic constraints for land managers, the current lack of scientific evidence to support NFM and current lack of governance over long‐term responsibility for NFM, which hinders future monitoring and maintenance. Practitioners within some sectors were less likely to recognise barriers noted by land managers, including cultural challenges, catchment planning concerns, and lack of perceived control. For successful wider implementation of NFM, it is crucial that practitioners recognise the barriers that land managers experience, and that projects should build monitoring programmes into their funding bids, to assess impacts on flood risk and maintenance needs and to build the evidence base to guide future NFM implementation.
Rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in processed foods using a field‐deployed device to perform an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction‐based assay
Authors: Yin Hsin‐Yi , Lin Yu‐Yi , Lin Chi‐Huei , Tsai Wen‐Che , Wen Hsiao‐Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis investigation we evaluated the feasibility of using the insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iiPCR) reagent in a POCKIT system to detect Staphylococcus aureus in foods by comparing its results with those obtained using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The iiPCR/POCKIT system could specifically detect S. aureus and Staphylococcus spp. and differentiate them from 10 other foodborne pathogens. In a sensitivity analysis, the iiPCR/POCKIT system had a 100% (3/3) hit rate in detecting 102–105 CFU/mL S. aureus that had been spiked in skimmed milk. Three food samples that were spiked with 0.25 CFU/mL S. aureus—skimmed milk, vegetable mixture, and cooked chicken—yielded positive results following overnight enrichment. Finally, 24 food samples that were bought from traditional markets or convenience stores were tested. The iiPCR/POCKIT system and qPCR yielded the same results for 23 of the samples, excluding one papaya milk sample, indicating that the iiPCR/POCKIT system can be an effective way for the sensitive and automatic detection of S. aureus in various processed foods.Practical applicationsStaphylococccus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. Traditional methods for detecting S. aureus are time consuming and laborious, so they are difficult to perform in limited‐resource place. The iiPCR/POCKIT system is a field‐deployed device which combines magnetic bead‐based nucleic acid extraction and insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iiPCR) to automatically perform qualitative detection of a specific DNA fragment. In this study, the assay performance of the fully automatic iiPCR/POCKIT system for detecting S. aureus in foods was compared with that of the reference qPCR. The iiPCR/POCKIT system exhibited good specificity by successfully differentiating 21 strains of S. aureus and two strains of Staphylococcus sp. from 12 other foodborne pathogens. After overnight enrichment, the detection limit of the iiPCR/POCKIT system was determined to be 0.25 CFU/mL in skimmed milk, vegetable mixture, and cooked chicken. In testing with 24 commercial food products, the results of the iiPCR/POCKIT system were comparable to those of qPCR and the traditional plate‐counting method. Therefore, the iiPCR/POCKIT system is suited to the routine identification of S. aureus in food industry.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults' Experiences With Elder Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Bloemen Elizabeth M. , Rosen Tony , LoFaso Veronica M. , Lasky Allison , Church Skotti , Hall Porsha , Weber Tom , Clark Sunday 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESLittle is known about elder abuse and neglect in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community; however, this population faces a greater risk of abuse and likely experiences abuse differently and needs different resources. We conducted focus groups to investigate LGBT older adults' perspectives on and experience with elder mistreatment.METHODSWe conducted three focus groups with 26 participants recruited from senior centers dedicated to LGBT older adults. A semistructured questionnaire was developed, and focus groups were audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory.RESULTSKey themes that emerged included: definitions and etiologies of abuse, intersectionality of discrimination from multiple minority identities, reluctance to report, and suggestions for improving outreach. Participants defined elder abuse in multiple ways, including abuse from systems and by law enforcement and medical providers. Commonly reported etiologies included: social isolation due to discrimination, internalization of stigma, intersection of discrimination from multiple minority identities, and an abuser's desire for power and control. Participants were somewhat hesitant to report to police; however, most felt strongly that they would not report abuse to their medical provider. Most reported that they would feel compelled to report if they knew someone was being abused; however, they did not know who to report to. Strategies participants suggested to improve outreach included: increasing awareness about available resources and researchers engaging with the LGBT community directly.CONCLUSIONLGBT older adults conceptualize elder abuse differently and have different experiences with police and medical providers. Improved outreach to this potentially vulnerable population is critical to ensuring their safety. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2338–2345, 2019
Explanation for different behavior of peripheral and central giant cell granuloma by CD44 and CD34 immunostaining
Authors: Zargaran Massoumeh , Baghaei Fahimeh , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Baghai Fereshteh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimDespite their histopathological similarity, unlike peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an osteolytic lesion. Low motility of osteoclasts as bone‐resorbing agents decreases osteolysis where CD44 plays a role. The lesion requires angiogenesis to grow which in turn may cause bone resorption. This study aims to compare CD44 and CD34 expression in PGCG and CGCG.Methods30 PGCG (group A) and 30 CGCG (group B) including non‐aggressive (B1, N = 14) and aggressive (B2, N = 16) subgroups were evaluated for CD44 and CD34 expression through immunohistochemistry.ResultsCD44 staining intensity distribution (SID) score and CD44 labelling index (LI) in PGCG were significantly higher than those in CGCG, while microvessel density assessed by CD34 (MVD‐CD34) was significantly higher in CGCG compared with PGCG. CD44‐SID score and CD44‐LI were higher for B1 whereas MVD‐CD34 was higher for B2 (P < .05).ConclusionDifferent CD44 expression among the studied groups may be indicative of the different motility of osteoclastic giant cells which may influence bone resorption. Lower CD44 expression probably indicates higher osteoclastic giant cell motility in CGCG, which with its higher angiogenesis may explain the different clinical behavior of CGCG compared with that of PGCG.
Randomized Trial of 3 Techniques of Perineal Skin Closure During Second‐Degree Perineal Laceration Repair
Authors: Swenson Carolyn W. , Low Lisa Kane , Kowalk Katherine M. , Fenner Dee E. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionPerineal lacerations during childbirth are common, and suturing the perineal skin during repair has been associated with increased postpartum pain. This study sought to test the hypothesis that no difference in postpartum perineal pain exists between 3 methods of skin closure for second‐degree repair: suture, no suture, and surgical glue.MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial of women after vaginal birth who had a second‐degree perineal laceration was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2014 to April 2017. Women were randomized to perineal skin closure with suture, no suture, or surgical glue using a 1:1:1 allocation. Pain was assessed using the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS), and Present Pain Index (PPI) at one day, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months postpartum. Wound healing was assessed at 6 weeks using the Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Drainage, Approximation (REEDA) scale. Pain scores were compared across groups using a chi‐square test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or analysis of variance where appropriate.ResultsA total of 35 women were randomized: 14 received suture, 11 had no suture, and 10 received surgical glue for perineal skin repair. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. At 2 weeks postpartum, women with suture had higher median pain scores on the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (15.0 suture vs 2.0 glue vs 2.0 no suture, P = .03) and VAS (50.0 suture vs 3.0 glue vs 7.0 no suture, P = .02). Significant differences in pain were not seen on the PPI. At 3 months, women in the suture group had higher median pain scores on the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire compared with surgical glue (1.0 vs 0, P = .04). Wound healing was similar across groups (REEDA score: 0 suture vs 1.0 no suture, vs 0 surgical glue, P = .24).DiscussionCompared with no suture and surgical glue, suturing the perineal skin was associated with the highest postpartum pain scores.
‘Immanent Nation: The Rohingya quest for international recognition'
Authors: Abraham Itty , Jaehn Miriam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper lies at the intersection of scholarly literatures on forced migration, politically engaged diasporas, and the use of online platforms and digital technologies for political ends. It follows the efforts of a group of Rohingya diasporic activists using a variety of means, online and offline, to contest the claims and authority of Myanmar, an established territorial state. Their actions can be subsumed into two kinds of politics, a politics of confrontation and a politics of recognition. Taken together, these actions lead to an emergent political formation, a reterritorialised, dispersed, and virtual national community that seeks to mimic some state functions without explicitly calling for self‐determination or an independent nation‐state. This paper follows four activist projects: YouTube‐based Rohingya TV, the effort to join the ConIFA alternative World Football Cup tournament, the campaign to have the Rohingya script recognized by the Unicode Consortium, and the effort to build a database for undocumented Rohingyas using blockchain. This complex of social, political, electronic, and virtual relations is situated against a 20th century political imaginary built around the homeland–people–language trinity, dialectically producing an immanent contradiction.
DEGENERATED PANICLE AND PARTIAL STERILITY 1 (DPS1) encodes a cystathionine β‐synthase domain containing protein required for anther cuticle and panicle development in rice
Authors: Zafar Syed Adeel , Patil Suyash B. , Uzair Muhammad , Fang Jingjing , Zhao Jinfeng , Guo Tingting , Yuan Shoujiang , Uzair Muhammad , Luo Qian , Shi Jianxin , Schreiber Lukas , Li Xueyong 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed‐setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Here, we report a novel degenerated panicle and partial sterility 1 (dps1) mutant that showed panicle apical degeneration and reduced fertility in middle spikelets. dps1 plants were characterized by small whitish anthers with altered cuticle morphology and absence of pollen grains. Amounts of cuticular wax and cutin were significantly reduced in dps1 anthers. Panicles of dps1 plants showed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower antioxidant activity, and increased programmed cell death.

Map‐based cloning revealed that DPS1 encodes a mitochondrial‐localized protein containing a cystathionine β‐synthase domain that showed the highest expression in panicles and anthers. DPS1 physically interacted with mitochondrial thioredoxin proteins Trx1 and Trx20, and it participated in ROS scavenging. Global gene expression analysis in dps1 revealed that biological processes related to fatty acid metabolism and ROS homeostasis were significantly affected, and the expression of key genes involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis were downregulated.

These results suggest that DPS1 plays a vital role in regulating ROS homeostasis, anther cuticle formation, and panicle development in rice.
A systematic review on recurrent cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope: Does pacing therapy break the fall?
Authors: da Cunha Gonçalo José Lopes , Rocha Bruno Miguel Lopes , Gomes Rita Ventura , Silva Beatriz Valente , Mendes Gonçalo , Morais Rui , Araújo Inês Fornelos , Fonseca Cândida 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVasovagal reflex is the most common cause of syncope. Pacemaker with rate drop response (RDR) or closed‐loop stimulation (CLS) anti‐syncope algorithms have been studied in recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS), with conflicting results. We aim to investigate the role of pacemaker therapy and anti‐syncope pacing mode in cardioinhibitory recurrent VVS. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and registered clinical trials were searched for single or double‐blind randomized controlled trials on pacing as a treatment for recurrent VVS. Five studies were eligible, overall enrolling 228 patients. After pooling data from all trials, pacemaker therapy showed a 63% reduction in syncope recurrence compared to control [Risk Ratio (RR): 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14‐0.98; I2 = 67%)]. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effect was greater in single‐blind studies (RR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.52, I2 = 0%). When comparing pacing algorithms, the results from RDR versus no pacing trials (n = 2) did not show a significant reduction in syncope recurrence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.25‐2.16, I2 60 = 75%). In contrast, the data from the CLS versus standard pacing trials (n = 3) evidenced a statistically meaningful reduction in syncopal burden (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07‐0.47, I2 = 0%). It is unclear whether pacemaker therapy reduces syncopal burden in cardioinhibitory recurrent VVS. However, our results suggest effectiveness of CLS pacing mode.
Ultrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block vs neurostimulator‐guided pudendal nerve block in children undergoing hypospadias surgery: A prospective, randomized, double‐blinded trial
Authors: Aksu Can , Akay Mustafa Alper , Şen Mehmet Celal , Gürkan Yavuz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsHypospadias is a common congenital malformation in pediatric patients. Surgical repair of this malformation is a painful procedure and has long‐term effects. Pudendal and penile nerve blocks are commonly preferred techniques for maintaining postoperative analgesia. However, the conventional landmark‐based penile block technique involves numerous potential complications and provides a shorter analgesic period compared to the pudendal block. A promising ultrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block was recently described. We aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound‐guided penile nerve block with that of neurostimulator‐guided pudendal nerve block.MethodThirty‐three patients aged 1‐7 years were included in this prospective, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into two groups and received either ultrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block or neurostimulator‐guided pudendal nerve block. All blocks were performed by the same two anesthesiologists, and the same surgeons performed the surgical procedures. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale was used for postoperative pain management. The primary outcome of the study was time to first analgesic requirement. Secondary outcomes were FLACC scores at different time points, and types and cumulative doses of analgesic drugs.ResultsDorsal penile nerve block provided longer analgesia than pudendal nerve block (32.29 ± 5.47 hours and 21.13 ± 3.53 hours, respectively; differences in mean: 11.16, 95% CI: 7.873‐14.465) (P < .001). FLACC scores at the time of first analgesic requirement were significantly lower in dorsal penile nerve block group than pudendal nerve block group (median [IQR]: 2 [2‐2.5] and 3 [3‐5], respectively; differences in median: −1, 95% CI: −1.851 to −0.149) (P < .001).ConclusionUltrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block provided a longer analgesic period and reduced opioid consumption compared to neurostimulator‐guided pudendal nerve block.
Frequent fires alter tree architecture and impair reproduction of a common fire‐tolerant savanna tree
Authors: Gawryszewski F. M. , Sato M. N. , Miranda H. S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Several Cerrado tree species have traits and structures that protect from fires. The effectiveness of a trait depends on the fire regime, especially the frequency. We used Vochysia elliptica, a common Cerrado tree, as a model to test whether different fire frequencies alter crown architecture and flower, fruit and seed production.

We analysed the effect of fire on the production of inflorescences, fruits and seeds, as well as seed germination and tree architecture of 20 trees in each of three plots of a long‐term ecological experiment managed with different fire regimes: burned every 2 years (B), burned every 4 years (Q) in mid‐dry season and an area protected from fire (C).

We found a large negative effect of fire frequency on crown architecture and on flower and fruit production. Trees in C and Q had significantly more main branches and a larger crown area than trees in B. At its peak, a tree in C was expected to produce 2.4 times more inflorescences than Q, and 15.5 times more than B, with similar magnitudes for fruits. Sixty per cent of trees in B and 10% in Q produced no fruits.

The differences in architecture might explain the reduction in sexual reproduction due to a smaller physical space to produce flowers at the branch apices. Resource limitation due to plant investment to replace burned vegetative parts may also decrease sexual reproduction. Our results indicate potentially severe consequences of high fire frequencies for population dynamics and species persistence in Cerrado communities.
Mapping diversity of species in global aquaculture
Authors: Metian Marc , Troell Max , Christensen Villy , Steenbeek Jeroen , Pouil Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAquaculture is the world's most diverse farming practice in terms of number of species, farming methods and environments used. While various organizations and institutions have promoted species diversification, overall species diversity within the aquaculture industry is likely not promoted nor sufficiently well quantified. Using the most extensive dataset available (FAO‐statistics) and an approach based on the Shannon Diversity index, this paper provides a method for quantifying and mapping global aquaculture species diversity. Although preliminary analyses showed that a large part of the species forming production is still qualified as undetermined species (i.e. ‘not elsewhere included’); results indicate that usually high species diversity for a country is associated with a higher production but there are considerable differences between countries. Nine of the top 10 countries ranked highest by Shannon Diversity index in 2017 are from Asia with China producing the most diverse collection of species. Since species diversity is not the only level of diversity in production, other types of diversity are also briefly discussed. Diversifying aquatic farmed species can be of importance for long‐term performance and viability of the sector with respect to sustaining food production under (sometimes abrupt) changing conditions. This can be true both at the global and regional level. In contrast, selection and focus on only a limited number of species can lead to rapid improvements in terms of production (towards sustainability or not) and profitability. Therefore, benefits and shortcomings of diversity are discussed from both economical and social‐ecological perspectives that concurrently are shaping the expanding aquaculture industry.
Buying versus Leasing Fuel Deposits for Preservation*
Authors: Eichner Thomas , Kollenbach Gilbert , Schopf Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a two‐period model with two groups of countries that extract, trade, and consume fossil fuels, a climate coalition fights against climate change by purchasing or leasing deposits to prevent their extraction and seeks to manipulate fuel prices in its favor. The policy of purchasing deposits is inefficient because it leaves the first‐period climate externality non‐internalized. By contrast, the deposit‐lease policy turns out to be efficient if it eliminates strategic action in the fuel markets. In an empirically calibrated economy, the coalition's welfare and total welfare are greater with the deposit‐lease policy than with the deposit‐purchase policy if the discount rate is smaller than 2.7 percent per annum.
Trade and foreign direct investment‐related impacts of Brexit
Authors: Latorre María C. , Olekseyuk Zoryana , Yonezawa Hidemichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe offer a general‐equilibrium analysis of Brexit incorporating the state‐of‐the‐art differences in productivity and firms' selection within manufacturing sectors à la Melitz (Econometrica, 2003, 71, 1695) and multinationals in services. Our results suggest that trade, output and average productivity diminish across most sectors in the UK and the Rest of the European Union (REU), as well as GDP, welfare, wages and capital remuneration. However, the UK loses more due to the missing preferential access to the huge EU market. Significant welfare losses along the extensive margin occur in the UK due to the lost imported varieties produced by highly productive European firms. These cannot be compensated by the new varieties of less productive domestic firms that enter the British market due to increased protectionism and reduced import competition. In addition, the emergence of barriers against multinationals, which is often ignored in previous studies, explains approximately one third of the negative effect in both the UK and REU. Furthermore, we show that the Brexit impact is about only half if we do not include both foreign direct investment barriers and Melitz structure. Thus, previous studies without these important model features would underestimate the Brexit impact significantly.