bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the embedded peritoneal dialysis catheter
Authors: Sinha S , Fok M , Davenport A , Banga N , Lindsey B , Fernando B , Forman CJ 
Published: April 2018

Introduction The use of embedded peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is purported to offer numerous benefits over standard placement. However, the optimum period of embedment and the effect of prolonged embedment on subsequent catheter function remain unclear. Methods This retrospective observational study looked at adult patients undergoing embedded PD catheter insertion in a large tertiary referral centre in the UK. Possible predictors for catheter non-function at externalisation were investigated. These included patient factors (age, sex, diabetic status, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, previous surgery, estimated glomerular filtration rate), procedural factors (modality of surgery, concurrent surgical procedure), duration of catheter embedment and catheter damage at externalisation. Outcomes examined were proportion of catheters functioning after externalisation, futile placement rate, surgical reintervention rate, infectious complication rate and proportion of externalised catheters lost owing to malfunction. Results Sixty-six catheters were embedded and two-thirds (n=47, 63.6%) were externalised after a median embedment period of 39.4 weeks. Of these, 25 (53.2%) functioned on externalisation. Fourteen (63.6%) of the 22 non-functioning catheters were salvaged. The overall utilisation of PD was 34/47 (72.3%) and the futile placement rate was 12.1%. Over half of the externalised catheters (n=27, 57.4%) were lost directly as a result of catheter related complications, with a median survival time of 39.4 weeks. In adjusted analysis, increasing embedment duration was significantly predictive of catheter non-function at externalisation (adjusted odds ratio: 0.957, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.929–0.985, p=0.003) while subsequent catheter loss was highly dependent on catheter function at externalisation (hazard ratio: 0.258, 95% CI: 0.112–0.594, p=0.001). Conclusions Prolonged embedment of PD catheters is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of catheter dysfunction following externalisation, which is in turn associated with subsequent catheter loss. We have discontinued the use of this technique in our unit.
Wie können potenzielle Sanierer von Eigenheimen angesprochen werden?
Authors: Stieß Immanuel 
Published: April 2018

Instrumente wie der Energiepass oder Energieberatung können Informationsbarrieren abbauen, werden allerdings nur selten genutzt. Eine wirkungsvolle Strategie für die ener getische Sanierung von Eigenheimen bedarf daher neuer Wege, mit denen Eigenheim besitzer für eine energetische Sanierung motiviert, in formiert und beraten werden können.
Fünf Thesen für eine transformative Anpassungspolitik
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Dietz Kristina 
Published: April 2018

Politik zu Klimawandel und Anpassung ist geprägt von widerstreitenden Interessen undMachtverhältnissen. Sie unterliegt der Gefahr, bestehende Ungleichheiten zu verschärfen oder neue zu schaffen. Eine sozial gerechte Anpassungspolitik erfordert eine umfassende gesellschaftliche Transformation – fünf Thesen.
The predictive power to mathematical success of belief and reflective thinking for problem solving<p>Problem çözmeye yönelik inanç ve yansıtıcı düşünme becerisinin matematik başarısını yordama gücü
Authors: Albayrak Mustafa , Şimşek Mertkan , Yazıcı Nurullah 
Published: April 2018

It is known that variables such as attitudes, faith, self-efficacy, critical thinking skills, reflective thinking skills are variables used to explain the students’ mathematical success and the impact rates of these variables are not the same. In this study, students' predictive power towards mathematical achievements of faith and reflective thinking skills were investigated in terms of problem solving as corresponding to these variables. Relational search model was used in the research. The sample of the research is composed of 143 mathematics teacher candidates who are studying in the departmen of Elemantary Mathematics Teaching in a university. Regression analysis was done for predicting students’ mathematical achievement by sub dimensions of belief about problem solving which are mathematical skill, mathematical situation, understanding problem, importance of mathematics, problem solving skills and sub dimensions of reflective thinking ability which are inquiry, evaluation and heuristics. Research findings show that these variables are about 18 percent of the total variance in mathematical success. It is considered that associating the conceptual and operational knowledge during the education periods in order to increase student success of students can affect the student success.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetMatematiğe yönelik tutum, inanç, öz yeterlilik algısı, eleştirel düşünme becerisi, yansıtıcı düşünme becerisi gibi değişkenlerin öğrencilerin matematik başarılarını açıklamada kullanılan değişkenler olduğu ve bu değişkenlerin etki oranlarının aynı olmadığı bilinmektedir. Araştırmada bu değişkenlere karşılık gelecek şekilde problem çözme temalı olarak öğrencilerin matematiğe karşı inanç ve yansıtıcı düşünce becerilerinin matematiksel başarılarına olan yordama gücü incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir üniversitenin İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan 143 matematik öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Problem çözmeye ilişkin inancın alt boyutları olan matematiksel beceri, matematiğin yeri, problemi anlama, matematiğin önemi ve problem çözme becerisi ile yansıtıcı düşünme becerisinin alt boyutları olan sorgulama, değerlendirme ve nedenleme değişkenlerine göre öğrencilerin matematik başarısının yordanmasına yönelik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada bu değişkenlerin birlikte matematik başarısındaki toplam varyansın yaklaşık %18’ini açıkladığı sonucu bulunmuştur. Öğrenci başarısının artırılması amacıyla öğrencilerin öğrenimleri süresince kavramsal ve işlemsel bilginin birbirine yakın bir şekilde ilişkilendirilmesinin öğrenci başarısını etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Structure and Properties of Welded Joints of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24) Steel
Authors: Pańcikiewicz K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Gas Tungsten Arc butt welded joints of tubes of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 made using bainitic-martensitic P 24-IG filler metal were found to be susceptible to root cracking. This was avoided by using the CMS-IG filler metal and austenitic EPRI P87 filler metal. Detailed coefficient of thermal expansion analysis for both filler metals was performed. Unfortunately, CMS-IG filler metal is characterized by a lower creep rupture strength than P 24-IG. For this reason, the joints were produced by the 141 method with using two filler metals: P 24- IG and EPRI P87. All the welded joints was characterized by the B quality level. Macrostructural, microstructural and hardness data for both welded joints are presented. The standard requirement, < 350 HV10, was marginally not met and was achieved through post weld heat treatment.
Integrated forms of self-assessment and placement testing for Italian L2 aimed at incoming foreign university exchange students at the University of Padua
Authors: Fratter Ivana , Marigo Luisa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The growing number of internationally mobile students who present Italian L2 language certificates on entry has led the University of Padua Language Centre (CLA) to reflect on whether it should maintain an online placement testing as a means of placing students in the relevant classes (Fratter, Ivana & Altinier. Micol 2015. Gli apprendenti di italiano L2 all’Università e le loro abitudini tecnologiche. In Francesca Helm, Linda Bradley, Marta Guarda & Sylvie Thouësny (eds.), Critical CALL – Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL Conference, 177–180. Dublin & Ireland: Research-publishing.net.). As of Academic Years 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, a research project has been underway at the CLA, involving the experimentation of a new integrated system of assessment comprising self-assessment and placement testing. An initial review of the placement test results carried out at the CLA combined with an examination of language certificates presented by the students has raised some critical issues related to incongruous data among the various tests/certifications. Other situations have shown different results regarding language skills within the same test, which has underpinned the decision to introduce a system of self-assessment so as to grant greater autonomy and responsibility to the students when choosing their class. This study sets out to analyze whether exchange students at the CLA are in a position to assess their own level of competence in L2 Italian, and then choose the Italian language class most suited to their language needs, thereby making class formation procedures easier. To this end, two different self-assessment tools were assigned to the students who, in turn, revealed the difficulties they encountered when self- assessing their language level without guidance. This has led to a new approach for self-assessment. This study highlights the process and initial results of research carried out in two phases of experimentation involving a new self-assessment proposal with integrated tools.
Learners’ and teachers’ voices in developing digital language learning environments: insights from a survey
Authors: Niinivaara Janne , Vaattovaara Johanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article deals with a learning environment survey conducted among University of Helsinki students and language teachers in the university’s Language Centre (LC). The survey was designed to acquire information for the development of a practical strategy for the digitalization of language learning and teaching by the local LC. The article presents the central results of the survey by systematically comparing the student (N=219) and teacher (N=39) data, and it also considers more general implications. The investigated areas include attitudes towards and experiences of out-of-classroom (language) learning environments in general and digital environments in particular. Special attention was in the possible differences and similarities of the response groups’ views and experiences in order to point out possible gaps as specific challenges within the local context. One of the most central findings is that while there may be challenges, particularly in designing pedagogy for online environments, no huge generational gaps exist in attitudes towards online tools.
ESP learners’ beliefs about CALL – A qualitative perspective
Authors: Olejarczuk Edyta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA considerable body of research has grown up on learners’ perceptions of computer-assisted language learning, clearly a key consideration for curriculum designers and teachers involved in the planning and deployment of technology. This article aims to contribute to this work by focusing specifically on learners of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) (n=20) in light of their experiences with a blended learning course (classroom + Moodle). Analysis of semi-structured interviews suggests generally positive attitudes towards the experience, and yields insights into the specific aspects of the course which were valued by students and which were less so.
Letters outside the box: multilingual practices in high schools and academic contexts
Authors: Amono Maria , Banchetti Niccolò 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this report, we present certain teaching activities employed at the University of Calabria and at the I.T.C. C. Mortati high school. The former were conducted within the English for Basic Academic Skills courses, the latter in the Spanish as a Foreign Language classes for students in the last two years of high school. The grammar and linguistic knowledge required for writing and gap filling letters, emails and short messages are often problematic to students struggling to learn a foreign language. The teaching experiences illustrated show, on the other hand, how formal and informal letters can be presented to pupils by combining conventional writing practice with other creative techniques such as Total Physical Response, in order to make the lessons more dynamic and entertaining in a relaxed environment. More specifically, letters will be re-assembled in a jumbled style, through a cut and paste technique. Pieces of text will then be given to students at random in order to create a reasonable collage. Special attention will also be given to the specific contexts of action research.
Language centres: are we holding the future in our hands?
Authors: Robinson Ian Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the advent of web 2.0 and the ease of use of many hand-held devices, access to the internet has never been easier. This has been accompanied by a growing range of sites available for learning an L2. These sites offer lessons, explanations, exercises, corrections and feedback. It now becomes time once again to question whether physical bricks and mortar language centres are necessary any longer, or whether the language centre can now be held in the palm of our hands. With special regard to English, this paper reports on a survey carried out at a university language centre in the south of Italy, where students are regularly involved in face-to-face lessons, but whose courses also involve guided use of websites and independent use of websites outside of the confines of the language centre. The survey is designed to investigate how students react to these different EFL learning scenarios and what they feel the future holds in store for us concerning the use of language centres. Finally, by uniting the strands of the student’s perspective of one particular case and ideas from the literature, this paper attempts to give a clear picture of what a language centre contributes to academic life, with the aim of contributing to the discussion of what the future holds for these centres.
Orderable groups, elementary theory, and the Kaplansky conjecture
Authors: Fine Benjamin , Gaglione Anthony , Rosenberger Gerhard , Spellman Dennis 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We show that each of the classes of left-orderable groups and orderable
groups is a quasivariety with undecidable theory. In the case of orderable
groups, we find an explicit set of universal axioms. We then consider the relationship with the Kaplansky group rings conjecture and show that

{{\mathcal{K}}}

, the class of groups which satisfy the conjecture, is the model class of a set of universal sentences in the language of group theory. We also give a characterization of when two groups in

{{\mathcal{K}}}

or more generally two torsion-free groups are universally equivalent.
Modelling Laboratory Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Díaz-Trujillo Luis A. , Toledo-Chávez Gilberto , Jiménez-García Gladys , Hernández-Escoto Héctor , Maya-Yescas Rafael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to critically review current microkinetics available for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) modelling, in order to propose the best way to follow this set of complex reactions; therefore a microkinetic model was developed for FTS, accomplishing surface chemistry, heterogeneous kinetics, and single-event previous development for Co-based catalysts. Model starts simulating CO activation on catalyst surface, and then formation of methane, ethane and subsequent chain growth. Reaction rates were derived following the formalism of Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW); surface steps were proposed in consequence of feasibility. Chain growth was modelled by single-event steps, taking into account geometrical conformation explicitly. Number of growth steps of 1-olefins was rectified as requiring one more active site than mechanisms proposed previously; it was found that formation of these olefins exhibits a fast drop in chain growth; this phenomenon is explained in terms of probable geometrical conformations that lead to the number of single events. Experimental results in literature about isothermal synthesis of hydrocarbons in the gasoline range were simulated in a fixed-bed laboratory reactor; thermodynamic consistency was derived from chemical equilibrium over all reactions occurring during FTS. Equilibrium constants were evaluated as function of Gibbs free energy, and partial pressures of reactants and products.
Demand for Law in the African Private Sector
Authors: Finnegan David L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article develops a model for explaining private sector response to law reforms in developing countries. The dependent variable in this model is the demand for law – the extent to which business owners and firm managers engage the formal legal system and attempt to mobilize the law to their advantage when making market decisions. Demand for law is a crucial micro-connection in the causal chain linking law and law reform to market expansion and economic development. The theoretical framework developed here focuses on the interplay between informal and formal social institutions in influencing market decisions made by private sector actors. The article tests hypotheses generated by this framework by analyzing survey data collected from business firms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The results support the hypothesis that demand for law is shaped by informal market institutions, particularly the informal business networks developed and maintained by firms. The analysis further suggests that these “demand-side” variables matter more than “supply-side” variables identified in the social science literature. These findings have important implications for law reform initiatives in developing countries and suggest avenues for further social science research on the relationship between law and economic development.
Mechanisms of Formation of Human Culture in Education
Authors: Baboshina Helen B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The relevance of the research problem lies in the necessity of an axiological approach to the formation of the personality in education and the task of strengthening the ideal image of the function. The aim of this article is studying and understanding the culture of personality formation mechanisms in relation to future specialists. The leading method of research was the theoretical analysis of philosophical and cultural approaches to the cultural formation of the personality and to the content of human culture. Content analysis was based on the philosophical and cultural concepts of V. S. Bibler, M. Buber, J. G. Herder, I. Kant, L. N. Kogan, D. S. Likhachev, A. Schweitzer, M. Scheler, and others. The experiment method was the experimental realization of formation stages of the future specialist as a person of culture, which allowed revealing the positive role of cultural mechanisms in this process. The result is the stages of human culture formation as well as mechanisms for their implementation. The article may be useful for specialists of the educational sphere, social philosophers, and culturologists.
Transplantation is Not Enough..., or on the Concept of Xenotransplantation
Authors: Guzik-Makaruk Ewa M. , Perkowska Marta M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the emergence of the concept of xenotransplantation which is a relatively new issue in the literature on the subject. It is due to the fact that transplants of animal organs are currently in the experimental phase. The main current problem of transplantology is the shortage of organs; hence, the search for new solutions has become an everyday challenge. If a way for the human body to tolerate animal organs could be found, transplant medicine and humanity would be in a completely different place. The authors introduce the concepts of transplantation and xenotransplantation and their origins, then they raise ethical issues related to this type of organ transplantation. Finally, the authors conclude that xenotransplantations have a chance to be “incorporated” (back again) in the “transplants” category when the experimental phase of xenotransplantation shifts to the implementation stage. Time will tell whether it will be possible.
Autism Between the PhD Student and the Promotor. A Case Study
Authors: Perkowski Maciej , Oksztulski Maciej , Kaczyńska Izabela 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Contemporary societies struggle with the problem of education being inadequate to the reality. The crisis (and, consequently, the deficit) of authorities is present in all levels of education. It seems that the classical vertical mechanism “student-master” should experience a renaissance. Instead of theoretical argumentation, it is worth learning about the case of a particular relationship – between a doctoral student who is a non-speaking autistic person and the promotor who tries to oppose it constructively. Both lawyers (as the cooperation is currently taking place in doctoral law studies) apart from the preparation of the dissertation, are experimenting methodologically, entering the “student-master” relationship with mutual benefit. They are subject to ongoing verification in this area – both domestic and foreign.
Multilingualism in the EU and Consistency of Private Enforcement of Competition Law: Two Examples from CEE Countries
Authors: Piszcz Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to address the question of how multilingualism in the EU might affect the consistency of private enforcement of competition law. In the literature, there have been concerns raised about the consistency of public enforcement of competition law, so in this paper attention has shifted to concerns about consistency of private enforcement. For the purposes of this paper, a distinction is drawn between rule-making and the application of competition law. The latter falls outside the scope of this paper. The article starts by going straight into aspects of public versus private enforcement of EU competition law and consistency of private enforcement of competition law. Next, by looking at examples of national rules implementing the EU Damages Directive, the author is going to discern what challenges for consistency of private enforcement of competition law are associated with the multilingualism in the EU.
Attempts for Common Understanding of the Concept of Worker as a Consequence of Globalisation?
Authors: Ryszka Joanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGlobalisation may concern many different issues, among others, the increase in migration that creates opportunities for all. There should be no doubt that globalisation can bring both positive and negative effects to workers. It can be seen as new opportunities for people, because they can travel, work, learn and live in different countries. Simultaneously however it can be perceived as synonymous to job losses, social injustice, or low environmental, health, and privacy standards. As a result of globalisation, the world is becoming more and more complex and the economic importance of state borders is reduced. It should therefore not raise doubts, that global problems require the capacity to agree on coordinated global responses and mechanisms on the basis of international cooperation. Among the basic international organisations which provide solutions for workers who have decided to look for a job in another country, one can generally mention the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Council of Europe, and the European Union (EU). There is quite a large number of legal acts created in the framework of those organisations, and so we should ask a question if in such a situation we should also try to understand some legal concepts; in our case concepts connected with taking up employment, in a similar way. Even if the answer is positive, another question comes to mind – is it possible to have such definitions in a global world? It is thus not enough to provide legal regulations concerning worker’s rights and obligations if we do not know who exactly should be treated like a worker. The following article will try to answer those questions and simultaneously try to show that globalisation may affect the way certain terms should be understood.