bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Upper Tract Urolithiasis and ESWL Treatment in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Gyasi- Sarpong Kofi , Maison Patrick Opoku Manu , Adofo Koranteng , APPIAH ARHIN Kwaku Addai , Azorliade Roland , Amoah George 
Published: October 2019

Background: The incidence of upper tract urolithiasis is rising worldwide and treatment options have improved to include extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolitothomy (PCNL) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) but sub- Saharan Africa has lagged behind the rest of the world. Open stone surgery was the main surgical treatment for upper tract stones in Kumasi until the introduction of ESWL five years ago. This study was conducted to evaluate ESWL in the management of upper tract urolithiasis in Kumasi, Ghana.
Materials and methods: We prospectively analyzed all patients treated for upper tract urolithiasis at the Bomso Specialist Hospital in Kumasi from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017. Patients with upper tract stone of 2cm or less underwent ESWL. Data was obtained on patient demographics, stone characteristics, outcome of ESWL and analyzed with PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
Results: There were 170 patients with upper tract urinary stones over the study period with a male: female ratio of 2:1. The mean age was 46.5 years. Inadequate fluid intake (<3L/day) was the most common predisposing factor, seen in 45.3% of the patients and the commonest symptom was flank pain, seen in 134 (78.8%) patients. There were 149 (87.6%) patients with solitary stones, mostly in the kidney 115 (67.6%). A total of 142 (83.5%) patients underwent ESWL with successful stone clearance in 120 patients. The most common complication of ESWL was flank pain 36 (25.4%).
Conclusions:ESWL is effective for treatment of upper tract urolithiasis and should be available to selected patients in sub- Saharan Africa.
Column Performance in Lead(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Fixed-bed Column of Mango Wood Sawdust (Mangifera indica)
Authors: Puspitasari Miranti 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe contamination of water resources due to the exceed Pb content is becoming an environmental serious problem. Adsorption method in dynamic system using fixed bed column can be used to reduce the level of Pb in an attempt to suppress the toxic effects caused by Pb. This study aims to optimize the parameters of Pb adsorption on samples by mango wood sawdust in a dynamic system. Mango wood sawdust was activated by HNO3 and ethanol then packed in a column. Optimization of adsorption parameters including adsorbent heating temperature, adsorbent mass, pH of the influen solution, and the influen flow rate. The experiment result showed that the optimum conditions of mango wood sawdust to reducing Pb in samples are adsorbent was heated at temperature 145°C, using 3 grams adsorbent packed in a column, and the influen solution at pH 7 was passed at a flow rate 1 mL/min. Adsorption capacity of mango wood sawdust in reducing Pb in samples at optimum condition is equal to 14.8 mg/g of adsorbent and types of adsorption that occurs between the adsorbent with adsorbate is chemical adsorption . Keywords: Adsorption, dynamic system, fixed-bed column, mango wood sawdust, lead metal
AKTIVITAS DAN SELEKTIVITAS KATALIS Ni/H5NZA TERHADAP HIDRORENGKAH METIL OLEAT MENJADI SENYAWA HIDROKARBON FRAKSI PENDEK
Authors: Budiyanto Ratno , Setyawan Donatus , Andarini Novita 
Published: October 2019

It has conducted on the activity and selectivity of Ni/H5NZA catalyst toward the hydrocracking of oleat methyl catalytic becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds with the variation of Ni concentration such as 1%, 2% and 3% (% w/w) for oleat methyl catalytic hydrocracking becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds (C5-C11 hydrocarbon). The catalyst is prepared by wet impregnation method, then followed by calcinations at 500oC, oxidation at 400oC and reduction at 500oC, each of them are followed by a stream of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with ± 5mL/second in stream velocity. The characterization of catalyst includes the determination of Si/Al ratio, Ni metal that were impregnated by using AAS instrument, and the acid determination by using gravimetric method. The hydrocracking process is done in flow-fixed bed reactor at 500oC; the catalyst are heated at first and followed by the reactants which are heated in pyrolysis reactor up to it change into vapor, then they are moved into the hydrocracking reactor. The liquid from hydrocracking process is collected and analyzed by using Gas of Chromatography (GC) and Gas of Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The characterization results showed in general that Si/Al ratio decreases after being impregnated by Ni metal. The amount of Ni metal almost reach a half of early Ni concentration which is impregnated. On the other hands, the acid amount of catalyst after being impregnated by Ni metal rise higher than those before being impregnated by Ni metal. The research showed that the activity and selectivity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst is better in hydrocracking hydrocarbon compounds which are shorter. The activity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst reaches 91.3041%. Meanwhile the selectivity is more selective in creating the hydrocarbon compounds with C5-C11 chain and more lead to the formation of alkane and alkene. Keywords: methyloleate, catalyst, Ni/H5NZ,hydrocracking
MODIFIKASI ELEKTRODA PASTA KARBON (EPK) MENGGUNAKAN GRAFENA OKSIDA (GO) UNTUK PENENTUAN BUTIL HIDROKSI ANISOL SECARA VOLTAMMETRI
Authors: Fadillah Ganjar , Putri Elsa Ninda Karlinda , Febrianastutib Syahna 
Published: October 2019

Butil hidroksi anisol (BHA) merupakan senyawa aditif yang banyak ditemukan dalam sediaan bahan pangan dan memberikan efek karsinogenik pada jumlah yang besar. Mengingat pentingnya analisis senyawa tersebut dan regulasi yang cukup ketat maka pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan metode analisis berbasis elektrometri yaitu modifikasi elektroda pasta karbon (EPK) dengan grafena oksida (GO) untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas pengukuran. GO dipreparasi menggunakan metode Hammer yang dimodifikasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan x-ray diffraction (XRD) dan fourier transform infra red (FTIR). Hasil pengukuran analit menggunakan differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) menunjukan bahwa adanya modifikasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan respon arus pengukuran yang dihasilkan dari 11,70 μA menjadi 31,21 μA dalam larutan BHA 0,5 mM dengan elektrolit pendukung PBS 0,1 M pH 7. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa adanya nilai beda yang signifikan antara EPK/GO dengan EPK tanpa modifikasi terhadap respon arus pengukuran analit BHA.
Studi Teoritis Senyawa Turunan Kalkon Hidroksi Sebagai Sensor Kimia Berbagai Anion
Authors: Perdana Fitra , Wijaya Karna , Armunanto Ria 
Published: October 2019

AbstrakStudi secara teoritis telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari interaksi senyawa turunan kalkon hidroksi (CH) sebagai sensor kimia dengan anion F-, Cl-, Br-, CN-, CH3COO-, dan NO3-. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan struktur molekul senyawa turunan kalkon hidroksi (CH) dan sifat sensornya serta model interaksinya dengan anion dengan metode DFT. Hasil optimasi geometri menunjukkan terjadinya pemanjangan ikatan O-H sebesar 0,63-0,85 Å dengan adanya anion F-, CN-, and CH3COO-. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadinya deprotonasi sensor kalkon hidroksi (CH) oleh anion. Sedangkan interaksi sensor kalkon hidroksi (CH) dengan anion Cl-, Br-, dan NO3- hanya berupa ikatan hidrogen dengan pemanjangan ikatan O-H sebesar 0,08-0,46 Å. Sensor kalkon hidroksi (CH) yang mengalami deprotonasi memiliki energi interaksi yang lebih besar yaitu -209,37 – -424,06 kJ/mol dibandingkan sensor yang hanya membentuk ikatan hidrogen yaitu -98,60 – -125,59 kJ/mol. Sensor yang mengalami deprotonasi mengakibatkan turunnya selisih energi HOMO-LUMO dari -3,94 – -4,06 eV menjadi -2,62 – -2,75 eV.Kata kunci: sensor kimia, kalkon hidroksi, anion, DFT AbstractTheoretical study had been carried out to investigate interaction between hydroxy chalcone derivatives (CH) as chemosensors with F-, Cl-, Br-, CN-, CH3COO-, and NO3- anions. This study was aimed to design molecular structures of chemosensor hydroxy chalcone (CH) properties for the anions and their interaction models with DFT method. The result of geometry optimization showed 0,63-0,85 Å O-H bond elongation of the hydroxy chalcone was occured by F-, CN-, and CH3COO-. It was indicated deprotonation of sensor hydroxy chalcone (CH) by anions. Where as the interaction of the hydroxy chalcone (CH) with Cl-, Br-, and NO3- just formed an hydrogen bond with 0,08-0,46 Å O-H bond elongation. Deprotonized sensor hydroxy chalcone (CH) had more energy change of interaction -209,37– -424,06 kJ/mol than sensor which just formed the hydrogen bond -98,60 – -125,59 kJ/mol. Deprotonized sensor caused reduction of the difference of HOMO-LUMO energy from - 3,94 – -4,06 eV to -2,62 – -2,75 eV.Keywords: chemosensor, hydroxy chalcone, anion, DFT
Initial Characterization of Alkaline Protease from Pseudomonas sp Isolated from Chicken Feces (POSTER)
Authors: Nuzulah Yuyun Firdausi , Suharti Suharti 
Published: October 2019

Abstract Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes and it can be found in all living organisms. Extracellular proteases have high economic value, where the enzymes can be applied to various industrial sectors. In order to find an alternative source of protease, a search for microbe producing extracellular protease has been done using a selective medium. An extracellular producing bacterium that is identified as Pseudomonas sp has been isolated from chicken feces, that is Gallus gallus bankiva, collected from residential areas at Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia. The analysis shows that the bacterium produces extracellular protease with optimum activity after incubation of 66 hours at 35oC. Initial characterization of the extracellular protease shows that the extracellular protease produced by Pseudomonas sp has an optimum activity at pH 12 and an optimum temperature at 39oC. At these conditions, the crude extract enzyme has a specific activity of 0,522 U/mg. The high pH resistance allows its application to variety of industrial processes that require high pH operation. Therefore further studies need to be done to get better understanding of enzyme properties. Keywords: Alkaline protease, Chicken feces, Gallus gallus bankiva, Pseudomonas sp
Precipitation Solvents for RNA Extraction of Dengue Virus Type 3: Dimethylformamide, Ethylenediamintetraacetic Acid, and Ultrapure H2O
Authors: Putri Rizqidhana Juliana , Sucipto Teguh Hari , Setyawati Harsasi , Churrotin Siti , Amarullah Ilham Harlan , Wardhani Puspa , Aryati Aryati , Soegijanto Soegeng 
Published: October 2019

Dengue is a disease caused by a virus from the family Flaviviradae, carried by a female mosquito of Aedes aegypti species. Dengue fever is widespread in the tropic areas. It caused by rainfall, temperature and unplanned urbanization. According to the ministry of health , almost all provinces in Indonesia are endemic areas of dengue fever. In 2014, up to mid-December Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients in 34 provinces in Indonesia are 71,668 people and 641. This figure is lower than the previous year, 2013 with 112,511 people and 871 deaths . This disease consists of four types of serotypes, namely DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. This disease can be identified using a variety of methods, one of the method is Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. This study aims to determine the ability of Dimethylformamide (DMF), Ethylenediamintetraacetic Acid (EDTA), and Ultrapure H2O as the substitute of Ethanol for precipitation in RNA extraction process. The sample used in this research obtained from Surabaya. RNA extraction itself can be done by using a special kit for RNA extraction. In Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction method, first RNA is extracted and then transcribed back (Reverse Transcription) which then form cDNA that later will be amplified by using PCR method. In this study used specific primers for dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3). The results of this study show that DMF, EDTA, and Ultrapure H2O can be used as the substitute of Ethanol for precipitation on RNA extraction. The result is evidenced by the formation of viral DNA bands on gel electrophoresis results.
AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK SELADA MERAH (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) PADA BERBAGAI PELARUT EKSTRAKSI
Authors: Rohmah Jamilatur , Rini Chylen Setiyo , Wulandari Fitria Eka 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas sitotoksik dengan nilai LC50dari ekstrak selada merah (Lactuca sativa var.Crispa) pada berbagai pelarut. Sampel selada merah yang digunakan didapatkan dari desa Turirejo kecamatan Lawang-Malang. Simplisia selada merah di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan variasi pelarut yaitu pelarut etanol, metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana selama 24 jam. Hasil maserasi dipekatkan dengan alat rotary vacuum evaporator. Kemudian dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia serta KLT untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam sampel. Pengujian aktivitas sitotoksik dilakukan dengan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Hasil ekstraksi didapatkan ekstrak kental etanol, metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana secara berturut-turut sebesar 17,30 g; 12,32 g; 25,61 g; dan 3,76 g. Dan hasil dari uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol selada merah mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid dan alkaloid. Sedangkan ekstrak metanol selada merah mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Pada ekstrak etil asetat selada merah mengandung alkalid, saponin, steroid, dan tanin. Dan pada ekstrak n-heksana selada merah mengandung alkaloid, steroid, triterpenoid, dan tanin. Hasil aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak metanol memiliki bioaktivitas tertinggi terhadap Artemia salina Leach. dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Nilai LC50ekstrak etanol, metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana secara berturut-turut adalah 322,288 ppm; 68,632 ppm; 1934,287 ppm; dan 170,115 ppm.Kata kunci: Selada merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa), sitotoksik, Artemia salina Leach, BSLT.
SINTESIS, KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SENYAWA KOMPLEKS Zn(II)-KATEKIN SEBAGAI INHIBITOR ENZIM LIPASE
Authors: Putri Antyka Lutfiana , Sumarsih Sri , Setyawati Harsasi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT The study aims to synthesis, characterization and activity testing of Zn(II)-catechin as lipase inhibitor activity. The complex compound from synthesis result is characterized by its maximum wavelength, functional groups, metals and ligands bonds, and it’s melting point. This complex compound tested of Zn(II)-catechin as lipase inhibitor activity to p-NPP (para-nitrofenilpalmitat) substrate. The result shows that Zn(II)-catechin could be synthesized from Zn(II) ligans and metals with ratio ligands and metals mol is 1:1, that has maximum wavelength 454 nm, which contain Zn-O bond at 354,90 and 478,35 cm-1, and melting point of Zn(II)-catechin >250 oC. Zn(II)-catechin can inhibition 60,63% from concentration 50 µg/mL with mixed inhibition Keyword : Zn(II)-catechin, lipase, mixed inhibition ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis, karakterisasi dan uji aktivitas senyawa kompleks Zn(II)-katekin terhadap aktivitas inhibitor enzim lipase. Senyawa kompleks hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi panjang gelombang maksimumnya, gugus fungsi serta ikatan logam dan ligannya, serta titik lelehnya. Senyawa kompleks diuji aktivitas inhibitor enzim lipase terhadap substrat p-NPP (paranitrofenilpalmitat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa kompleks Zn(II)-katekin dapat disintesis dari ligan katekin dan logam Zn(II) dengan perbandingan mol ligan logam 1:1, mempunyai panjang gelombang maksimum 454 nm, mengandung ikatan Zn-O pada 354,90 dan 478,35 cm-1 dan titik leleh senyawa kompleks >250 oC. Senyawa kompleks Zn(II)-katekin pada konsentrasi 50µg/mL mempunyai daya inhinbisi sebesar 60,63% terhadap enzim lipase dengan jenis inhibisi campuran. Kata kunci : Zn(II)-katekin, lipase, inhibitor campuran
UJI SITOTOKSIK TERHADAP SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MAGNETIK NANOPARTIKEL CuFe2O4 YANG DILINGKUPI BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA)
Authors: Usreg Handjani Sri Usreg , Husein Albari , Fahmi, Ph.D Mochamad Zakki 
Published: October 2019

AbstrakNanopartikel, dalam beberapa tahun ini mendapatkan perhatian lebih dari peneliti dan ilmuan dunia, hal ini terlihat banyaknya jurnal maupun penelitian terutama dalam bidang kesehatan. Salah satu contoh aplikasi dalam bidang biomedis sebagai agen pengontras yaitu Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Nanopartikel magnetik CuFe2O4 telah berhasil disintesis yang berasal dari bahan Fe(acac)3 dan Cu(acac)2 dengan penambahan Bovine Serum Albumin sebagai nanocarrier. Sintesis dilakukan dengan mencampurkan bahan Fe(acac)3 dan Cu(acac)2, kemudian mereaksikannya secara solvothermal sehingga membentuk CuFe2O4. Proses selanjutnya mencampurkan larutan CuFe2O4 dan larutan BSA dalam air kemudian diultrasonikasi. Produk CuFe2O4-BSA selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dan diuji ketahanan terhadap perubahan pH dan penambahan garam. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa CuFe2O4-BSA dapat mempertahankan kestabilan, terbukti pada pH 3-12 selama 24 jam dan pada konsentrasi garam 0,5 M masih tetap stabil. Proses sintesis dapat dikatakan berhasil dilakukan karena hasil XRD menunjukkan terdapatnya senyawa CuFe2O4 sesuai database JCPDF 34-0425, dimana menunjukkan peak pada posisi pada 34,718º, 35,861º, dan 62,156º. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa peak produk muncul pada posisi 35.3896º dan 62.6159º. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan DLS menunjukkan bahwa produk CuFe2O4-BSA memiliki rata-rata diameter partikel sebesar 153,2 nm. Hasil karakterisasi MSB menunjukkan bahwa CuFe2O4 memiliki momen magnet yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 1,57BM. Uji Sitotoksik CCK-8 menunjukkan nanopartikel magnetik CuFe2O4-BSA, secara keseluruhan memiliki sifat yang tidak toksik terhadap sel HeLa dibuktikan dengan nilai derajat viabilitas terendah memiliki nilai 82%. Katakunci: Nanopartikel Magnetik, CuFe2O4, Bovine Serum Albumin,Sitotoksik
ANALISIS CEMARAN LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA AMDK DAN AMIU DI DAERAH PANYILEUKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SSA
Authors: Andriansyah Ivan , Yuliantini Anne , Yunita Avita Rischa 
Published: October 2019

Air mineral merupakan salah satu kebutuhan manusia yang paling penting. Kebutuhan air minum dapat dipenuhi dari AMDK. Ada syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh AMDK untuk menjamin kualitas air minum yang layak dikonsumsi. Salah satu syarat AMDK adalah tidak mengandung logam berat tembaga (Cu) yang lebih dari 0,5 bpj. Tembaga termasuk logam yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah sedikit tetapi dalam jumlah yang berlebihan akan bersifat toksik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan analisis kadar Cu pada AMDK khususnya di daerah Panyileukan guna menjamin kualitas AMDK. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahapan, yaitu validasi, penetapan kadar sampel menggunakan SSA pada panjang gelombang 324,75 nm dan statistika. Dari hasil validasi, didapatkan persamaan kurva kalibrasi y = 0,1537x + 0,0134 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,998, batas deteksi dan kuantisasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,03 dan 0,12 bpj, persen perolehan kembali 0,5 – 1,7% dengan nilai SBR kurang dari 2 %. Hasil pengukuran kadar Cu pada AMDK berkisar antara 0,00100 – 0,00192 bpj. Dari data AMDK dapat dikatakan bahwa kadar Cu tidak melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh SNI 01-3553-2006 yaitu 0,5bpj.
UJI PENGIKATAN KOLESTEROL OLEH EKSTRAK METANOL BEKATUL BERAS KETAN HITAM SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Kurnia Dewi , Lisniawati Nenden Ayu , Dinata Deden Indra 
Published: October 2019

Beras ketan hitam merupakan varietas lokal yang mengandung pigmen paling baik, dibandingkan dengan beras putih atau beras warna lain. Warna hitam pada beras ketan hitam berasal dari lapisan bekatul dan bagian bulir berasnya yang mengandung pigmen antosianin berwarna ungu. Bekatul beras ketan hitam mengandung serat serealia yang baik bagi organ pencernaan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian pengikatan kolesterol oleh ekstrak metanol bekatul beras ketan hitam. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan metanol 70% dalam kondisi asam (penambahan HCl 1%). Uji pengikatan kolesterol oleh ekstrak metanol bekatul beras ketan hitam dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode pembentukan kompleks kolesterol dengan FeCl3. Serapan kolesterol bebas diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada serapan maksimum panjang gelombang 526 nm. Randemen ekstrak yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 17,53%. Identifikasi ekstrak menggunakan KLT dengan eluen BAA (4,5:1:4,5) menunjukan adanya senyawa golongan antosianin. Hasil uji pengikatan kolesterol menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol bekatul beras ketan hitam dengan konsentrasi 20 ppm dapat menurunkan kolesterol sebesar 47,46%. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukan semakin besar pula penurunan kadar kolesterol bebas.Kata kunci: bekatul beras ketan hitam, pengikatan kolesterol, in vitro, spetkrofotometer UV-Vis
EXCHANGE RATE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY MARKET IN KENYA
Authors: Njoroge Charles Gitiya , Muturi Willy , Oluoch Oluoch 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of exchange rate on the performance of the residential property market in Kenya. The study used secondary data that was accumulated using secondary data collection sheet from first quarter of 2005 to fourth quarter of 2018. The study conducted several test statistics and diagnostic tests in order to achieve the most optimal solution. Vector error correction model and auto-regressive distributed lag model were employed to test the hypothesis in the short run and long run respectively. The results found out that exchange rate had a negative effect on performance of residential properties in Kenya in both the short run and positive effect in long run. The study has narrowed down the research gap brought about by the conflicting emprical, theoretical and conceptual literature with regard to the effect of exchange rate on performance of residential property market in Kenya.
Key Words: Exchange Rate, Performance, Residential Property
RELATED FACTORS OF RESPONSE TIME IN HANDLING HEAD INJURY IN EMERGENCY UNIT OF PROF.DR.H.M.ANWAR MAKKATUTU BANTAENG GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Mudatsir Satrial , Sangkala Moh. Syafar , Setyawati Andina 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The mechanisms of nurse response time in handling head injury patients has an important role on the safety and viability of patients in reference to the rules of “safety and time saving is life saving”. The purpose of the study: This study aims to identify factors that related to the response time in handling head injury patient in emergency department (ED) and to determine the most related factor to the response time. Method: This study was an observation design and using cross sectional approach. A total sample of 32 emergency department nurses participated for this study, in references to the inclision and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by using chi-square, Fisher's extract test and logistic regression. Result: This study found that there were statistical significance between respon time and level of education (p = 0.006), duration of working (p = 0.005), medical emergency training (p = 0.001), the emergency department facilities (p = 0.008) and the level of the patient acute condition (p = 0.006). Among the factors, it was found that facilities most related factor to the respon time (OR = 6.945). Conclusion and suggestion: It is concluded that there is a relationship between respon time and education level, work duration of nurses, medical emergency training, Emergency facilities and the patient acute condition in handling head injury patients and facilities are the factors that most related to the response time handling head injury. It is suggested to the hospital to complete the emergency room facilities because the facilities affects the response time handling head injury patients.