bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystems as Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sivakumar Ponnurengam M. , Peimanfard Shohreh , Zarrabi Ali , Khosravi Arezoo , Islami Matin 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective:
Cyclodextrins have been of great interest as excellent candidates for
fabricating versatile nano-drug delivery systems due to their commercial availability, easy functionalization, low
immunogenicity, biocompatibility and safety. The possibility of reversible inclusion complex formation between
cyclodextrins and various guest molecules in association with versatile exclusive properties of cyclodextrins
offer a route towards the fabrication of highly sophisticated nanostructures with enormous potential for cancer
treatment.

Methods and Results:
The current review discusses important recent advances in the fabrication and development
of cyclodextrin-based nanostructures for cancer therapy. Firstly, the formation of inclusion complexes
between cyclodextrin derivatives and anticancer compounds, as well as their application, are summarized. Secondly,
the cyclodextrins -based nanosystems including cyclodextrin-containing polymers, cyclodextrin-based
supramolecular necklaces, which consist of polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes and cyclodextrin based
hydrogels accompanied by their applications in cancer treatment are highlighted. In the end, the future perspective
of this field is discussed.

Conclusion:
Numerous investigations in this area pave the way for the flourishing of the next generation of
nano-therapeutics towards enhanced cancer therapy.
Ethyl Acetohydroxamate Incorporated Chalcones: Unveiling a Novel Class of Chalcones for Multitarget Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Reeta  , Baek Seung Cheol , Lee Jae Pil , Rangarajan T.M. , Ayushee  , Singh Rishi Pal , Singh Manjula , Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice , Nicolotti Orazio , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo 
Published: September 2019

Background:Chalcones are considered as the selective scaffold for the inhibition of MAO-B.Objective:A previously synthesized ethyl acetohydroxamate-chalcones (L1-L22) were studied for their inhibitory activities against human recombinant monoamine oxidase A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).Methods:Enzyme inhibition studies of MAO-A, MAO-B and AChE is carried out. Computational studies such as Molecular docking, Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area calculations, ADMET prediction, and protein target prediction are also performed.Results:Among the screened compounds, compound L3 has most potent hMAO-B inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.028 ± 0.0016 µM, and other compounds, L1, L2, L4, L8, L12, and L21 showed significant potent hMAO-B inhibition with IC50 values of 0.051 ± 0.0014, 0.086 ± 0.0035, 0.036 ± 0.0011, 0.096 ± 0.0061, 0.083 ± 0.0016, and 0.038 ± 0.0021 µM, respectively. On the other hand, among the tested compounds, compound L13 showed highest hMAO-A inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.51± 0.051 µM and L9 has a significant value of 1.85 ± 0.045 µM. However, the compounds L3 and L4 only showed high selectivities for hMAO-B with Selectivity Index (SI) values of 621.4 and 416.7, respectively. Among the substituents in ring A of ethyl acetohydroxamate-chalcones (L1-L9), F atom at p-position (L3) showed highest inhibitory effect against hMAO-B. This result supports the uniqness and bizarre behavior of fluorine. Moreover, chalcones L3, L4, L9, L11, and L12 showed potential AChE inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 0.67, 0.85, 0.39, 0.30, and 0.45 µM, respectively. Inhibitions of hMAO-B by L3 or L4 were recovered to the level of the reversible reference (lazabemide), and were competitive with Ki values of 0.0030 ± 0.0002 and 0.0046 ± 0.0005 µM, respectively. Inhibitions of AChE by L3 and L11 were of the competitive and mixed types with Ki values of 0.30 ± 0.044 and 0.14 ± 0.0054 µM, respectively.Conclusion:The studies indicated that L3 and L4 are considered to be promising multitarget drug molecules with potent, selective, and reversible competitive inhibitors of hMAO-B and with highly potent AChE inhibitory effect.
Development of Topical Gel of Methotrexate Incorporated Ethosomes and Salicylic Acid for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Chandra Akhilesh , Aggarwal Geeta , Manchanda Satish , Narula Akshay 
Published: September 2019

Background:There is an unmet need for optimized drug delivery system of psoriasis therapy because of various issues like adverse reaction, permeation problem associated with convention treatment (oral and topical) available for psoriasis.Objective:The goal was to develop an ethosomal gel of methotrexate (MTX)-incorporated ethosomes and salicylic acid (SA) and to evaluate and study its ethosomal gel potential in Imiquimod-induced psoriasis animal model to treat symptoms of psoriasis.Methods:MTX-SA ethosomal gel was prepared by the cold method given by Touitou et al. and optimized by comparing it with MTX ethosomal gel and drug solution. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and ex-vivo study were selected as the critical quality checking attributes. Psoriatic Area and Severity Index (PASI) score & histopathological examination were done for checking Antipsoriatic potential of MTX-SA ethosomal gel by using the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model.Results:Optimized MTX-SA exhibited a particle size of 376.04 ± 3.47nm, EE(Entrapment efficiency) of 91.77 ± 0.02%. At the end of 24h, MTX-SA ethosomal gel exhibited a slow and prolonged release of MTX (26.13 ± 1.61% versus 6.97 ± 0.06%) compared to MTX drug solution. It also attributes of 43% retention study as compared to drug solution (13%). Besides, it essentially decreased the PASI score with the recuperation of normalcy of the mice's skin, while the MTX-SA gel displayed indications of gentle hyper and parakeratosis toward the completion of investigation when contrasted with the blank gel.Conclusion:The developed MTX-SA ethosomal gel formulation can be a promising alternative to existing MTX formulation in topically treating psoriasis.
Recent Patents for Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot
Authors: Dai Ye , Liu Zhaoxu , Zhang Hanbo , Qi Yunshan 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Modular self-reconfigurable robot is a hot topic in current robotics research,
the modular self-reconfigurable robot is composed of several modules with certain autonomous ability
and perceptual ability. Through mutual docking and assembly, the overall configuration is changed to
achieve different moves and operation functions. Compared with the traditional robot, it has strong
adaptability to the environment and the ability to deal with changeable tasks.

Objective:
The recent modular self-reconfigurable robot is summarized, and its structure, characteristics
and development are introduced.

Methods:
This paper summarizes the patents and research progress of modular self-reconfigurable robot,
and introduces the current development of modular self-reconfigurable robot from the aspects of
structure features, docking methods, driving types and applications.

Results:
This paper classifies the structural features, docking methods and driving types of various
modular self-reconfigurable robots, summarizes the typical features, and discusses the current and future
development of modular self-reconfigurable robots.

Conclusion:
Modular self-reconfigurable robot is a new subject in the field of robotics research in recent
years. Through the docking among a large number of unit modules which changes the overall configuration,
extends the motion form and realizes different motion gait, modular self-reconfigurable
robot can replace traditional robot to complete the work in a complex environment, which is of great
significance to the development of robot. Therefore, more modular self-reconfigurable robot patents
should be invented.
Green Synthetic Methodology of (E)-2-cyano-3-aryl Selective Knoevenagel Adducts Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Jimenez David Esteban Quintero , Zanin Lucas Lima , Diniz Luan Farinelli , Ellena Javier , Porto André Luiz Meleiro 
Published: September 2019

Background:The Knoevenagel condensation is an important reaction in organic chemistry because of its capacity to form new C-C bonds and its products are mainly used in organic synthesis as intermediates, due to the large number of reactions they can undergo. Based on the importance of the Knoevenagel adducts, a sustainable synthetic methodology was developed employing microwave irradiation.Objective:Develop a synthetic methodology employing microwave irradiation and green solvents to obtain Knoevenagel adducts with high yields.Methods:Knoevenagel condensation reactions were evaluated with different basic catalysts, as well as in the presence or absence of microwave irradiation. The scope of the reaction was expanded using different aldehydes, cyanoacetamide or methyl cyanoacetate. The geometry of the formed products was also evaluated.Results:After the optimization process, the reactions between aldehydes and cyanoacetamide were performed with triethylamine as catalyst, in the presence of microwave irradiation, in 35 minutes, using NaCl solution as solvent and resulted in high yields 90-99%. The reactions performed between aldehydes and methyl cyanoacetate were also performed under these conditions, but showed better yields with EtOH as solvent 70-90%. Finally, from X-ray analysis, the (E)-geometry of these compounds was confirmed.Conclusion:In this study we developed synthetic methodology of Knoevenagel condensation using triethylamine, green solvents and microwave irradiation. In 35 minutes, products with high yields (70- 99%) were obtained and the (E)-geometry of the adducts was confirmed.
Regulation and Challenges of Biosimilars in European Union
Authors: Vikram  , Deep Aakash , Manita  
Published: September 2019

Background:
Biological products comprise the most complex and diverse types of
drugs that are made by living cells. The use of biological products has increased significantly in
recent decades and has contributed significantly to improving the efficacy of treatment in many
diseases. Patent protection for pharmaceutical products, including biological products, generally
expires about 20 years after development. Expiration of patents of biological innovative medicines
allows regulatory authorities to approve copies of biological medicines, such as medicines called
similar biological products (biosimilar) and to enter in clinical use. Biosimilar products are comparable
but not identical with innovator biological products and are not a generic version of the
innovator biological product. While biosimilars are subjected to rigorous characterization and
clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy, in the case of biosimilars certain regulatory
requirements apply for registration. Biosimilars are very complex and large molecules and minor
changes in the manufacturing process can have important implications in their safety and efficacy
profiles. To ensure that biosimilar reaches their potential in clinical application, intensive Pharmacovigilance
system and risk management plan must be established to demonstrate the true similarity
between the biosimilar products and original biological products. Biosimilars are part of the
growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry and normally used by human beings since manufacturers
of biosimilars face some challenges in regulatory approval and manufacturing of biosimilars
in the European Union.

Objectives:
The current manuscript will provide the information regarding the regulation of
biosimilar products with guidelines and challenges faced by manufacturers during approved and
manufacturing of biosimilar products in the European Union. This manuscript also provides the
status of approved and rejected biosimilars by EMA (European Medicine Agency).

Conclusion:
Biosimilars may reduce costs when patent protection of biological products expires
and compared to the original products, savings are not as large as seen with traditional generics. In
the coming years, there will be an increasing number of biological and biosimilar products available
on the market, highlighting the need for specific short and long term post-marketing surveillance
programs for these medicines. It is essential to understand how the concept of compatibility,
interchangeability will be managed and regulated in the future. An important aspect for future a
high quality, clinical and non-clinical studies will be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy
of biosimilars. Scientific guidelines on biosimilar issued by the EMA (European Medicine
Agency) that established a process to demonstrate the similarity between a biosimilar product and
the innovator reference product.
Region Orientation and Converging Magnetic Energy Transmission Based on Novel Structure
Authors: Jin Xu , Yilin Guo 
Published: September 2019

Background:
As wireless energy transmission technology advances, the demand for energy
directional transmission increases.

Objective:
Transfer of energy in the specified direction and increase in transmission power.

Methods:
A novel three-coil transmitting structure was proposed, which can transmit energy to a
specified single or multiple space regions, and enhance the magnetic field strength in a single direction
by magnetic field vector synthesis to improve the transmission power.

Results:
Combined with Mathcad numerical calculation and Maxwell simulation analysis, the experimental
platform was built and the magnetic focusi of the proposed novel structure was experimentally
verified.

Conclusion:
The novel emission structure can effectively perform directional energy transmission
and increase the transmission power by 2~3 times in a single direction at the cost of 10%~15% efficiency
loss.
Catalytic Nanomedicine. Cu/TiO2–SiO2 Nanoparticles as Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Case Report
Authors: López-Goerne Tessy , Ramírez-Olivares Paola , Pérez-Dávalos Luis Armando , Velázquez-Muñoz Javier Alejandro , Reyes-González Jesús 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important health issues
worldwide. The rising incidence of the disease has resulted in a parallel increase of complications
such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). It is estimated that 25% of patients with diabetes
will develop foot ulcers over a lifetime. In Mexico, this lifetime incidence is about
40% to 50%, and 20% of the cases will require amputations. DFU can result in staggering
financial burdens for the healthcare system and the patient. Therapies that promote rapid
and complete healing and reduce the need for expensive surgical procedures would impact
these costs substantially.

Methods:
Cu/TiO2–SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by T. López et al. sol-gel patented
method. After synthesis, they were characterized using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and X-ray diffraction. Then, they were embedded in a polymeric gel matrix.
The Cu/TiO2–SiO2 nanogel was used as conservative therapy for a chronic non-healing
DFU on a 62-year old female with several comorbidities and chronic complications of diabetes.
Wound debridement was performed prior to nanogel administration. The nanogel
was applied over the ulcer on alternate days for an initial period of 2 weeks and then continued
for 10 months.

Results:
Significant improvement was observed in the wound healing process since the
first applications. The infection was limited and tissue regeneration was enhanced until
complete healing of the ulcer.

Conclusion:
Cu/TiO2–SiO2 nanogel therapy enhanced reepithelialization and healing of
the DFU. The successful outcome allowed to avoid the amputation that was proposed for
the patient.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites of Nigella sativa Seeds Extract for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Usmani Afreen , Mishra Anuradha , Jafri Asif , Arshad Md , Siddiqui Mohd Aftab 
Published: September 2019

Background:Silver nanoparticles play a significant role in bioavailability and refining the compatibility of natural drugs in the treatment of various chronic diseases including different types of cancer.Objective:Green synthesis of silver nanocomposites of Nigella sativa seeds extract to evaluate the anticancer effects against hepatocellular carcinoma using HepG2 cell lines.Methods:The AgNCs were developed by treating aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds treated with silver nitrate (1mM) solution and were used to test its efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma using HepG2 cell lines.Results and Discussion:The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of prepared AgNCs showed a peak at 432 nm via UV spectroscopy. The selected N. sativa AgNCs were characterized for polydispersity, surface charge and size and the results showed 0.215±0.093 polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential 18.8±0.372 mV and size range 10-20 nm, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) also showed various peak of functional groups that are possibly involved in the reduction of silver ion and synthesized the N. sativa silver nanocomposites, respectively. N. sativa AgNCs showed 89.954% drug release while in the case of extract release, it was only 33.821% in 24 hrs. Further, in vitro studies of N. sativa AgNCs against hepatocellular carcinoma showed good cytotoxic effect p<0.05 with 7.16 µg/ml IC50 value.Conclusion:Thus, the present results revealed that green synthesis of N. sativa AgNCs can be an alternative tool for clinical application in cancer therapy; however, there is a need to find the mechanism and role of AgNCs inside the individual.
Development and Testing of a Personalized Web-Based Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Based on Motivational Interviewing and the Self-Determination Theory: Protocol for the MyLifestyleCoach Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Coumans Juul M J , Bolman Catherine A W , Friederichs Stijn A H , Oenema Anke , Lechner Lilian 
Published: September 2019

Background
Unhealthy dietary patterns and insufficient physical activity (PA) are associated with negative health outcomes, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, overweight, and obesity. This makes the promotion of healthy dietary and PA behaviors a public health priority.

Objective
This paper describes the development, design, and evaluation protocol of a Web-based computer-tailored (CT) dietary and PA promotion intervention, MyLifestyleCoach. A Web-based format was chosen for its accessibility and large-scale reach and low-cost potential. To achieve effective and persistent behavioral change, this innovative intervention is tailored to individual characteristics and is based on the self-determination theory and motivational interviewing (MI).

Methods
The 6 steps of the intervention mapping protocol were used to systematically develop MyLifestyleCoach based on the existing effective CT PA promotion intervention I Move. The MyLifestyleCoach intervention consists of 2 modules: I Move, which is aimed at promoting PA, and I Eat, which is aimed at promoting healthy eating. Development of the I Eat module was informed by the previously developed I Move. Both modules were integrated to form the comprehensive MyLifestyleCoach program. Furthermore, I Move was slightly adapted, for example, the new Dutch PA guidelines were implemented. A randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention condition and waiting list control group will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on diet and PA.

Results
Self-reported measures take place at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after baseline. Enrollment started in October 2018 and will be completed in June 2020. Data analysis is currently under way, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020.

Conclusions
MyLifestyleCoach is one of the first interventions to translate and apply self-determination theory and techniques from MI in Web-based computer tailoring for an intervention targeting PA and dietary behavior. Intervention mapping served as a blueprint for the development of this intervention. We will evaluate whether this approach is also successful in promoting eating healthier and increasing PA using an randomized controlled trial by comparing the intervention to a waiting list control condition. The results will provide an insight into the short- and long-term efficacy and will result in recommendations for the implementation and promotion of healthy eating and PA among adults in the Netherlands.

Trial Registration
Dutch Trial Register NL7333; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7333

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14491
Normothermic Insufflation to Prevent Perioperative Hypothermia and Improve Quality of Recovery in Elective Colectomy Patients: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ryczek Edyta , White Judith , Poole Ruth Louise , Reeves Nicola Laura , Torkington Jared , Carolan-Rees Grace 
Published: September 2019

Background
Perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopy for bowel resection is a risk factor for postoperative medical complications and surgical wound infections. Despite various warming methods used during surgery, a significant number of patients experience perioperative hypothermia. Use of dry, unwarmed insufflation carbon dioxide (CO2) during laparoscopic procedures may contribute to this problem. Evidence exists that the HumiGard device, which humidifies and heats CO2 for insufflation, can reduce the risk of perioperative hypothermia.

Objective
The aim is to determine if insufflation with warmed, humidified CO2 using the HumiGard device, alongside standard perioperative warming techniques, can improve patient recovery, including pain, surgical site infections, complications, and the use of analgesia compared with standard care alone.

Methods
The study is a multicenter, randomized, blinded (patient, surgeon, and assessor), sham device-controlled, parallel group-controlled trial of 232 patients. The study aims to recruit patients undergoing elective laparoscopic, segmental, or total colectomy. Patients will be randomized to receive HumiGard plus standard care or standard care alone (1:1 ratio). The primary outcome is patient-reported quality of recovery, measured by the validated QoR-40 (quality of recovery) questionnaire, from baseline to postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain, the incidence of hypothermia, and the rate of postoperative complications.

Results
The information gathered during a small-scale service evaluation at a single hospital was used to inform this study protocol. Before applying for a grant for this full randomized controlled trial, the authors will conduct a feasibility study of 40 patients to ensure that the protocol is feasible and to inform our sample size calculation.

Conclusions
The randomized controlled trial is designed to provide high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of the HumiGard device in potentially reducing the risk of perioperative hypothermia in patients scheduled for laparoscopic colectomy. The results will be used to improve the maintenance of adequate patient body temperature during surgery.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/14533