bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sensorimotor Pathway via Higher-Order Thalamus
Authors: Mo Christina , Sherman S. Murray 
Published: November 2018

We now know that sensory processing in cortex occurs not only via direct communication between primary to secondary areas, but also via their parallel cortico-thalamo-cortical (i.e.,trans-thalamic) pathways. Both corticocortical andtrans-thalamic pathways mainly signal through glutamatergic class 1 (driver) synapses, which have robust and efficient synaptic dynamics suited for the transfer of information such as receptive field properties, suggesting the importance of class 1 synapses in feedforward, hierarchical processing. However, such a parallel arrangement has only been identified in sensory cortical areas: visual, somatosensory, and auditory. To test the generality oftrans-thalamic pathways, we sought to establish its presence beyond purely sensory cortices to determine whether there is atrans-thalamic pathway parallel to the established primary somatosensory (S1) to primary motor (M1) pathway. We usedtrans-synaptic viral tracing, optogenetics in slice preparations, and bouton size analysis in the mouse (both sexes) to document that a circuit exists from layer 5 of S1 through the posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus to M1 with glutamatergic class 1 properties. This represents a hitherto unknown, robust sensorimotor linkage and suggests that the arrangement of parallel direct andtrans-thalamic corticocortical circuits may be present as a general feature of cortical functioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring sensory processing, feedforward pathways carry information such as receptive field properties via glutamatergic class 1 synapses, which have robust and efficient synaptic dynamics. As expected, class 1 synapses subserve the feedforward projection from primary to secondary sensory cortex, but also a route through specific higher-order thalamic nuclei, creating a parallel feedforwardtrans-thalamic pathway. We now extend the concept of cortical areas being connected via parallel, direct, andtrans-thalamic circuits from purely sensory cortices to a sensorimotor cortical circuit (i.e., primary sensory cortex to primary motor cortex). This suggests a generalized arrangement for corticocortical communication.
Drebrin-like (Dbnl) Controls Neuronal Migration via Regulating N-Cadherin Expression in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Inoue Seika , Hayashi Kanehiro , Fujita Kyota , Tagawa Kazuhiko , Okazawa Hitoshi , Kubo Ken-ichiro , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: November 2018

The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for neuronal migration in the mammalian developing cerebral cortex. The adaptor protein Drebrin-like (Dbnl) plays important roles in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, dendrite formation, and endocytosis by interacting with F-actin, cobl, and dynamin. Although Dbnl is known to be expressed in the brain, the functions of this molecule during brain development are largely unknown. In this study, to examine the roles of Dbnl in the developing cerebral cortex, we conducted experiments using mice of both sexes with knockdown of Dbnl, effected byin uteroelectroporation, in the migrating neurons of the embryonic cortex. Time-lapse imaging of the Dbnl-knockdown neurons revealed that the presence of Dbnl is a prerequisite for appropriate formation of processes in the multipolar neurons in the multipolar cell accumulation zone or the deep part of the subventricular zone, and for neuronal polarization and entry into the cortical plate. We found that Dbnl knockdown decreased the amount of N-cadherin protein expressed on the plasma membrane of the cortical neurons. The defect in neuronal migration caused by Dbnl knockdown was rescued by moderate overexpression of N-cadherin and αN-catenin or by transfection of the phospho-mimic form (Y337E, Y347E), but not the phospho-resistant form (Y337F, Y347F), of Dbnl. These results suggest that Dbnl controls neuronal migration, neuronal multipolar morphology, and cell polarity in the developing cerebral cortex via regulating N-cadherin expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisruption of neuronal migration can cause neuronal disorders, such as lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia. During cerebral cortical development, the actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in neuronal migration; however, the mechanisms of regulation of neuronal migration by the actin cytoskeleton still remain unclear. Herein, we report that the novel protein Dbnl, an actin-binding protein, controls multiple events during neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. We also showed that this regulation is mediated by phosphorylation of Dbnl at tyrosine residues 337 and 347 and αN-catenin/N-cadherin, suggesting that the Dbnl-αN-catenin/N-cadherin pathway is important for neuronal migration in the developing cortex.
Review of "Innovations in Deaf Studies: The Role of Deaf Scholars"
Authors: Snoddon Kristin 
Published: November 2018

I am one of a handful of signing deaf tenure-track or tenured professors in Canada. To my knowledge, I am also the only one who teaches a stand-alone university course in Deaf Studies that is not part of a sign language interpreter or teacher of the deaf training program. As such, I was delighted to read Innovations in Deaf Studies: The Role of Deaf Scholars edited by Annelies Kusters, Maartje De Meulder, and Dai O’ Brien. In this work I find many of my scholarly experiences and concerns reflected on an international scale.
Docking Interaction of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Complex Chromium(III) Nicotinate Compounds
Authors: Ambarwati Yuli , Martoprawiro MA , Mulyani I , Ismunandar Ismunandar , Onggo D 
Published: November 2018

Docking simulation is important in the process of drug design, mainly used for the prediction of interactions receptor(protein)–substrate. This study aims to understand the interaction between Chromium(III) nicotinate [Cr(O-nic)2(OH-) (H2O)3] and [Cr(N-nic)2(OH-)(H2O)3] with the position of trans and cis as a substrate with receptors Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase(PTP). The chromium(III) nicotinic complexes an antidiabetic supplement that have been demonstrated in vitro, to determine the role of chromium(III) nicotinic as a supplement antidiabetic learned through the docking mechanism. The optimization of the complex structure of chromium(III) nicotinic using Gaussian 09, the docking process is performed using Autodock Vina. The docking results showed that trans[Cr(O-nic)2(OH-)(H2O)3] position interact with Leu13, Gly14, Cys17, Arg18, Trp49 and Asn50 with the interaction energy is -6.5 kcal/mol. As for the structure model cis[Cr(O-nic)2(OH-)(H2O)3] have -6.1 kcal/mol interaction energy and the amino acid Ile16, Trp49, Asn50, Arg53, Asp56 and Tyr131. The similar things at modelof N-coordinated to Cr withtrans[Cr(N-nic)2(OH-)(H2O)3] position interact with amino acids Leu13, Ser47, Trp49, Asn50 and Tyr131 the interaction energy is -6.5 kcal/mol. The ONIOM calculation showed the bond between the complexes of chromium(III) nicotinic with PTP is hydrogen bonding. The best interactions with the receptor are the structure model trans[Cr(O-nic)2(OH-)(H2O)3] with the lowest interaction energy interaction.
Degradasi Zat Warna Direct Red-23 Secara Fotolisis dengan Katalis C-N-codoped TiO2
Authors: Fitriyani Yuli Okta , Septiani Upita , Wellia Diana Vanda , Putri Reza Audina , Safni Safni 
Published: November 2018

Zat warna direct red-23 merupakan pewarna sintetik dengan struktur senyawa organik yang bersifat non-biodegradable. Zat warna direct red-23 mengandung senyawa azo dan bersifat karsinogenik. Zat warna direct red-23 didegradasi secara fotolisis menggunakan sinar UV (ultraviolet), sinar matahari, tanpa dan dengan penambahan katalis C-N-codoped TiO2. Larutan zat warna direct red-23setelah dan sebelum didegradasi diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 400-800 nm. Penentuan berat optimum katalis C-N-codoped TiO2 dilakukan dengan metode fotolisis sinar UV dan didapatkan berat optimum 15 mg. Persen degradasi zat warna direct red-23 secara fotolisis sinar UV dan sinar matahari tanpa katalis C-N-codoped TiO2 27.47% dan 13.74%. Persen degradasi meningkat menjadi 68.68% dan 28.57% dengan penambahan 15 mg katalis C-N-codoped selama 120 menit fotolisis. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan metode fotolisis dengan sinar UV lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan sinar matahari. Direct red-23 dye is a synthetic dye that is widely used in textile industry. Wastes generated from textile industrial processes are generally non-biodegradable organic compounds containing azo compounds and carcinogenic. Direct red-23 dye was degraded by photolysis UV Light method, solar irradiation, without and addition of C-N-codoped TiO2 catalyst. The results degradation of direct red-23 were measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength of 400-800 nm. Determination of optimum weight of the C-N-codoped TiO2 catalyst was performedby photolysisUV Light methodand the optimum C-N-codoped TiO2catalyst is obtained 15 mg. Percent degradation of direct red-23 dye by photolysis of UV light and solar irradiation without C-N-codoped TiO2to 27.47% and 13.74%. Percent degradation increasedto 68.68% and 28.57% by addingC-N-codoped TiO2 catalyst was adding 120 menutes of photolysis.From the research it can be concluded by photolysis with UV Light methodis more efficient compared to solar radiation.
Sintesis N-Oktilsinamamid dan Aktivitasnya terhadap Sitotoksik Sel Kanker Leukemia P388
Authors: Ernawati Teni , Nurhalimah Neneng , Minarti Minarti 
Published: November 2018

Sintesis senyawa N-Oktilsinnamamid yang diturunkan dari senyawa metil trans-sinamat dengan menggunakan katalis basa telah dilakukan. Senyawa metil sinamat terlebih dahulu dikonversi menjadi asam sinamat melalui reaksi hidrolisis dengan basa menghasilkan asam sinamat. Selanjutnya asam sinamat diamidasi dengan menggunakan oktilamin dan 1,3 disikloheksilkarboodiimide (DCC) dan 4-dimetilaminopiridin (DMAP) sebagai katalis. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen hasil sintesis asam sinamat, sintesis N-Oktilsinnamami yang cukup baik. Hasil reaksi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan LC-MS. Uji sitotoksik senyawa N-Oktilsinamamid terhadap sel leukemia P388 diperoleh nilai IC50=6.71 µg/mL. Synthesis of N-Octylcinnamamide compound derived from methyl trans-cinnamate using abase catalyst has been done. First, The compound of methyl trans-cinnamate was converted into cinnamic acid by hydrolysis reaction with an alkaline condition. Furthermore cinnamic acid was amidated by using octylamine and 1,3 dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. The results of this study were obtained synthesis of cinnamic and synthesis of N-Octylcinnamamide are good enough. Identification of this product was using by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS. Cytotoxic test of N-Octylcinnamamide against P388 leukemia cell was obtained IC50=6.71µg/mL.
Epoksida dan Kinetika Minyak Jarak Pagar Sebagai Pemlastis Film Polivinil Klorida
Authors: Saefurohman Asep , Sugita Purwantiningsih , Achmadi Suminar S 
Published: November 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimum untuk epoksidasi minyak jarak dengan variasi suhu (T) dan konsentrasi katalis pada waktu reaksi yang sama, mengkarakterisasi hasil epoksidasi atau pemlastis dengan parameter bilangan iodine dan bilangan oksirana serta menentukan orde reaksi dan energi aktivasi menggunakan studi kinetika. Penentuan Ea epoksidasi dilakukan pada kondisi waktu reaksi 12 jam, dengan suhu 50, 60, dan 70oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum sintesis pemlastis menghasilkan bilangan oksirana 4.2%. Sementara itu, bilangan iodin secara signifikan berkurang dari 2,6-15,3 lebih rendah tetapi bilangan oksirana relatif tinggi, 123,4-205,8 lebih tinggi sebelum dilakukan epoksidasi. Analisis dengan metode respon permukaan menunjukkan bahwa model persamaan matematika untuk bilangan oksirana adalah:17.8733 + 0.5498x + 1.2830y – 0.0039z – 0.1960xy – 0.004xz. Karakterisasi epoksidasi dengan GC-MS menunjukkan waktu retensi 14.809 untuk metil cis-9,10–epoksioleat (MW 312). Kinetika reaksi menunjukkan orde ke satu dan konstanta laju untuk bilangan iodine masing-masing adalah: 50, 60, dan 70 oC adalah 9.97 ´ 10-2, 3.4 ´ 10-2, 21.34 ´ 10-2. Sementara itu, konstanta laju untuk bilangan oksirana adalah 11.28 ´ 10-2, 4.39 ´ 10-2, 1.89 ´ 10-2. Energi aktivasi masing-masing untuk bilangan iodine dan oksirana adalah 24.99 kcal/mol and 82.296 kcal/mol. Kata Kunci : Epoksidasi, Kinetika, Poli Vinil Klorida, Minyak Jarak, Pemlastis
Penggunaan Metode Semiempirik AM1 Untuk Pemilihan Monomer Fungsional Efektif Pada Prasintesis Polimer Tercetak Diazinon
Authors: Saputra Andrian , Wijaya Karna , Ahmad Mohd Noor , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: November 2018

Pemilihan monomer fungsional yang efektif untuk sintesis Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP)untuk diazinon dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan kimia komputasi dengan menerapkan metode semiempirik AM1. Proses seleksi menggunakan parametermomen dipol, energi interaksi, dan ikatan hidrogen yang terbentuk. Energi interaksi yang optimum menunjukkan kompleks yang terbentuk stabildan mengindikasikan MIP akan dapat terbentuk baik.Semua perhitungan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Hyperchem 7.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan monomer fungsional efektif untuk prasintesis polimer tercetak diazinon yaitu akrilamida, asam akrilat, asam metakrilat, hidroksi etil metakrilat, asam urokanat, asam itakonat, dan asam urokanat etil ester. Hasil ini secara teoritik dapat memberikan informasi mengenai monomer fungsional efektif yang dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan sintesis MIP untuk diazinon dengan selektivitas relatif baik.
Karakterisasi Senyawa Aktif Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Dalam Ekstrak Etanol Buah Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.)
Authors: Sukandar Dede , Amelia Eka Rizki 
Published: November 2018

Telah dilaporkan penelitian untuk mengetahui senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dalam ekstrak etanol buah namnam (C. cauliflora L.) menggunakan instrumen GC-MS. Hasil analisa GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa 5-hiroksimetilfurfural sebagai komponen utama dalam ekstrak etanol buah namnam. Ekstrak etanol buah namnam memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 328,29 ppm dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus dengan zona hambat masing-masing 16 mm pada konsentrasi 20%. Kata kunci: uji fitokimia, antioksidan, antibakteri, C. cauliflora L., DPPH dan difusi cakram
Pengolahan Limbah Industri Elektroplating Dengan Proses Koagulasi Flokulasi
Authors: Nurhasni Nurhasni , Salimin Zainus , Nurfitriyani Ita 
Published: November 2018

Penelitian pengolahan limbah industri elektroplating dengan proses koagulasi flokulasi telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan dengan koagulan FeCl3 dalam menurunkan kandungan logam berat pada limbah elektroplating, rasio massa koagulan dan limbah, pH optimum dan massa KI optimum untuk mereduksi Cr6+ menjadi Cr3+. Hasil jar test diperoleh pH optimum yaitu pH 8. Massa optimum KI untuk mereduksi Cr6+ menjadi Cr3+ yaitu 0,3 g. Penurunan kadar krom dengan proses reduksi sebesar 83,36 mg/L atau persentase penyisihan sebesar 95,02 % sedangkan penurunan optimal kadar Cr tanpa reduksi yaitu sebesar 87,32 mg/L atau 99,51 %. Penggunaan koagulan FeCl3 pada pengolahan limbah industri elektroplating dapat menurunkan kadar logam berat Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni dan Mn sampai pada nilai baku mutunya. Kata Kunci : Koagulasi flokulasi, Ferri klorida, Limbah simulasi elektroplating, Jar test, SSA.
Preparasi Dan Karakterisasi Edible Film Dari Poliblend Pati Sukun-Kitosan
Authors: Setiani Wini , Sudiarti Tety , Rahmidar Lena 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Plastik biodegradable dan terbuat dari bahan terbarukan seperti edible film merupakan salah satu solusi permasalahan lingkungan. Bahan baku utamanya yaitu pati, karena keberadaannya melimpah serta beragam di Indonesia, salah satunya pati sukun yang memiliki kandungan pati cukup tinggi (60 %). Namun edible film berbahan dasar pati saja memberikan sifat mekanik dan ketahanan air yang masih rendah. Pada penelitian ini akan dipreparasi edible film dari poliblend pati sukun-kitosan dengan plasticizer sorbitol. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu preparasi dan karakterisasi pati sukun kemudian preparasi dan karakterisasi edible film. Hasil karakterisasi pati sukun yang diperoleh yaitu kadar pati total 76,39 %, kadar amilosa dan amilopektin berturut-turut 26,76 % dan 73,24 %, suhu gelatinisasi pati sukun 73,98 ºC, kadar air 22,38 % serta derajat kecerahan yang menunjukkan karakteristik cerah dan berwarna abu-abu pucat. Hasil karakterisasi edible film menunjukkan, dengan bertambahnya kitosan maka kuat tarik dan ketahanan air cenderung meningkat. Secara umum hasil terbaik edible film adalah pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 dengan nilai water uptake sebesar 212,98 %, nilai kuat tarik sebesar 16,34 MPa, nilai elongasi sebesar 6,00 % dan modulus young sebesar 2,72 MPa. Meskipun demikian, hasil analisis morfologi edible film pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 masih terdapat pori dan retakan. Kata kunci : edible film, pati sukun, kitosa. Abstract Biodegradable and renewable plastic such as edible film is one of solution the environmental problem. The main raw material is from starch, because of it is abundant and varied in Indonesia, one of them is breadfruit starch which has enough high starch content (60 %). But edible film based on starch give less mechanical properties and less water resistance. In this research the edible film was made from poliblend of breadfruit starch-chitosan with sorbitol addition. The Method was done, preparation and characterization of breadfruit starch then preparation and characterization of edible film. The characteristic result of breadfruit starch was obtained for total starch content 76.39 %, content of amylose and amylopecktin were 26.76 % and 73.24 % respectively, the gelatinitation temperature of breadfruit starch was 73.98 ºC, water content 22,38 % and the degree of brightness showed bright characteristic and pale grey colour. The characteristic result of edible film showed the increasing of chitosan concentration, the tensile strength and water resistance tended to rise. Generally the best result of edible film was on breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 g/g by the value of water uptake was 212.98 %, tensile strength was 16.34 MPa, elongation was 6,00 % and modulus young was 2,72 MPa. However, the result of mhorphology analysis showed that the edible film of breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 are still pores and cracks. Keywords : edible film, breadfruit starch, chitosan.
Optimasi Pembuatan Komposit dari Nanoclay Polistiren
Authors: Sari Eka Puspa , Rohman Saeful , Aziz Isalmi 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Pengembangan teknologi dapat dilakukan dengan rekayasa material, salah satunya pada pembuatan komposit. Pada pengembangan komposit berbasis polistiren nanoclay, faktor utama yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam peningkatan sifat material adalah pendispersian nanoclay dalam matrik polimer yaitu masuknya molekul polimer diantara lapisan silika sehingga nanoclay akan terdistribusi secara acak kedalam matrik polimer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi yang terbaik dari komposit nanoclay polistiren dan menentukan karakteristiknya. Parameter yang divariasikan adalah komposisi nanoclay (1%, 3% dan 5%) dan lamanya putaran pada mesin ekstruder (50, 80 dan 120 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi nanoclay 3% pada kecepatan screw 50 rpm memiliki nilai terbaik pada uji kuat tarik, yaitu sebesar 55,15 MPa dengan nilai d-spacing (berdasarkan uji XRD) sebesar 4,6nm. Hasil pengamatan dengan menggunakan SEM menunjukan telah terbentuk interkalasi pada komposit nanoclay- polistirena. Kata kunci : Nanoclay, komposit, polistiren, XRD, SEM Abstract Technology development can be done with materials engineering , one of them in the manufacture of composites . On the development of polymer -based nanoclay composites, the main factor that determines the success in improving the material properties are dispersing of nanoclay in the polymer matrix , namely the inclusion of the silica layer between the polymer molecules, so nanoclay will be randomly distributed into the polymer matrix . This study aims to get the best composition of nanoclay composite polystyrene and determine its characteristics . The parameters varied are the nanoclay composition ( 1 % , 3 % and 5 % ) and the length of the extruder machine in the range of (50 , 80 and 120 rpm). The results showed that 3 % nanoclay concentration at 50 rpm screw speed has the best value on the tensile strength test, which amounted to 55.15 MPa with ad - spacing values ( based on XRD test ) of 4.6 nm . Using SEM observations showed intercalation was formed on polystyrene - nanoclay composites Keywords : Nanoclay , composites , polystyrene, XRD, SEM
The Characterization of Indonesian's Natural Zeolite For Water Filtration System
Authors: Razzak Mirzan T. , Las Thamzil , Priyambodo Priyambodo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe characterization of Indonesian's natural zeolite for water purification has been done. The objective is to obtain a general guidance for development of natural zeolite in molecular sieves, ion exchange and catalyst applications. The zeolites originated frol Lampung (ZL) was characterized by using XRD. It was found that the zeolites indicate belong to clinoptilatite and mordenite groups, respectively. The crystal system for ZL was monoclinic with end-centered lattice and space group of Cm/2 (12). The crystal system for ZB was orthorhombic with end-centered lattice and space group of CmC21 (36). The character of both zeolites were confirm by ICDD standard library. It was also found that the particle size of zeolites did not affect the XRD spectra where zeolite of 40-50 mesh was similar to that XRD spectra of zeolite of 170-200 mesh. The chemical analyses show that both zeolites contain almost similar chemical elements. The contents of Fe, Ca, and K were found higher in ZL as it is compared to ZB. Reciprocally, Na was Pb and Fe elements. These ability were improved by chemical activation of zeolites. These two elements probably were originally exist in the zeolite structure. These characterization is necessary to designing a further development of natural zeolite applications.Keywords : natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, x-ray diffraction, water filter