bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The critical role of carbon in marrying silicon and graphite anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wu Jingxing , Cao Yinliang , Zhao Haimin , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing the energy density of conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is important for satisfying the demands of electric vehicles and advanced electronics. Silicon is considered as one of the most‐promising anodes to replace the traditional graphite anode for the realization of high‐energy LIBs due to its extremely high theoretical capacity, although its severe volume changes during lithiation/delithiation have led to a big challenge for practical application. In contrast, the co‐utilization of Si and graphite has been well recognized as one of the preferred strategies for commercialization in the near future. In this review, we focus on different carbonaceous additives, such as carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and pyrolyzed carbon derived from precursors such as pitch, sugars, heteroatom polymers, and so forth, which play an important role in constructing micrometer‐sized hierarchical structures of silicon/graphite/carbon (Si/G/C) composites and tailoring the morphology and surface with good structural stability, good adhesion, high electrical conductivity, high tap density, and good interface chemistry to achieve high capacity and long cycling stability simultaneously. We first discuss the importance and challenge of the co‐utilization of Si and graphite. Then, we carefully review and compare the improved effects of various types of carbonaceous materials and their associated structures on the electrochemical performance of Si/G/C composites. We also review the diverse synthesis techniques and treatment methods, which are also significant factors for optimizing Si/G/C composites. Finally, we provide a pertinent evaluation of these forms of carbon according to their suitability for commercialization. We also make far‐ranging suggestions with regard to the selection of proper carbonaceous materials and the design of Si/G/C composites for further development.
An Ion‐Exchangeable MOF with Reversible Dehydration and Dynamic Structural Behavior (NH4)2[Zn2(O3PCH2CH2COO)2]⋅5 H2O (BIRM‐1)
Authors: Zhao Chao , Male Louise , Chen Tzu‐Yu , Barker Joseph A. , Shannon Ian J. , Anderson Paul A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract(NH4)2[Zn2(O3PCH2CH2COO)2]⋅5 H2O (BIRM‐1) is a new metal phosphonate material, synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reaction between zinc nitrate and 3‐phosphonopropionic acid, using urea and tetraethylammonium bromide as the reaction medium. In common with other metal–organic framework materials, BIRM‐1 has a large three‐dimensional porous structure providing potential access to a high internal surface area. Unlike most others, it has the advantage of containing ammonium cations within the pores and has the ability to undergo cation exchange. Additionally, BIRM‐1 also exhibits a reversible dehydration behavior involving an amorphization‐recrystallization cycle. The ability to undergo ion exchange and dynamic structural behavior are of interest in their own right, but also increase the range of potential applications for this material. Here the crystal structure of this new metal phosphonate and its ion exchange behavior with K+ as an exemplar are studied in detail, and its unusual structure‐reviving property reported.
Oxidative NHC‐Catalysis as Organocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Polyester Oligomers by Step‐Growth Polymerization
Authors: Ragno Daniele , Di Carmine Graziano , Brandolese Arianna , Bortolini Olga , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Fantin Giancarlo , Bertoldo Monica , Massi Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe application of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to the polycondensation of diols and dialdehydes under oxidative conditions is herein presented for the synthesis of polyesters using fossil‐based (ethylene glycol, phthalaldehydes) and bio‐based (furan derivatives, glycerol, isosorbide) monomers. The catalytic dimethyl triazolium/1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene couple and stoichiometric quinone oxidant afforded polyester oligomers with a number‐average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 1.5–7.8 kg mol−1 as determined by NMR analysis. The synthesis of a higher molecular weight polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) by an NHC‐promoted two‐step procedure via oligoester intermediates is also illustrated together with the catalyst‐controlled preparation of cross‐linked or linear polyesters derived from the trifunctional glycerol. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized oligoesters are also reported.
Colloidally Stable CdS Quantum Dots in Water with Electrostatically Stabilized Weak‐Binding, Sulfur‐Free Ligands
Authors: Arcudi Francesca , Westmoreland Dana Emily , Weiss Emily Allyn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractColloidal quantum dot (QD) photocatalysts have the electrochemical and optical properties to be highly effective for a range of redox reactions. QDs are proven photo‐redox catalysts for a variety of reactions in organic solvents but are less prominent for aqueous reactions. Aqueous QD photocatalysts require hydrophilic ligand shells that provide long‐term colloidal stability but are not so tight‐binding as to prevent catalytic substrates from accessing the QD surface. Common thiolate ligands, which also poison many co‐catalysts and undergo photo‐oxidative desorption, are therefore often not an option. This paper describes a framework for the design of water‐solubilizing ligands that are in dynamic exchange on and off the QD surface, but still provide long‐term colloidal stability to CdS QDs. The binding affinity and inter‐ligand electrostatic interactions of a bifunctional ligand, aminoethyl phosphonic acid (AEP), are tuned with the pH of the dispersion. The key to colloidal stability is electrostatic stabilization of the monolayer. This work demonstrates a means of mimicking the stabilizing power of a thiolate‐bound ligand with a zwitterionic tail group, but without the thiolate binding group.
Isolation and Analysis of Tumor‐Derived Exosomes
Authors: Ludwig Nils , Hong Chang‐Sook , Ludwig Sonja , Azambuja Juliana H. , Sharma Priyanka , Theodoraki Marie‐Nicole , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA method for isolation of exosomes from tumor cell supernatants or cancer patients’ plasma is presented. Tumor‐derived exosomes (TEX) are defined as a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) sized at 30 to 150 nm and originating from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The method utilizes size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for recovery of exosomes from cell‐line supernatants or cancer patients’ plasma. The recovered exosomes are morphologically intact, aggregate‐free, and functionally competent. Their molecular content parallels that of the parent tumor cells and they carry various immunoregulatory ligands known to modulate functions of immune cells. All exosomes isolated from tumor cell lines are TEX, while those isolated from plasma of cancer patients have to be fractionated into TEX and non‐TEX. Mini‐SEC allows for exosome isolation and recovery in quantities sufficient for molecular profiling, functional studies, and, in the case of plasma, further fractionation into TEX and non‐TEX. The mini‐SEC method can also be used for comparative studies of the exosome content in serial specimens of cancer patients’ body fluids. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Theoretical Study on the Optical Properties of Multichromophoric Systems Based on an Exciton Approach: Modification Guidelines
Authors: Shiraogawa Takafumi , Ehara Masahiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Masahiro Ehara from the Institute for Molecular Science (Japan). The image shows the proposed theoretical strategy to enhance and generate circularly polarized luminescence of multichromophoric systems based on excitonic calculation and analysis. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201900064.
Discovery of natural naphthoquinones as sortase A inhibitors and potential anti‐infective solutions against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nitulescu Georgiana , Mihai Dragos P. , Nicorescu Isabela M. , Olaru Octavian T. , Ungurianu Anca , Zanfirescu Anca , Nitulescu George M. , Margina Denisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree natural naphthoquinones were screened to find new anti‐virulence agents as inhibitors against sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus (SaSrtA) by quantifying the increase in fluorescence intensity upon substrate cleavage at various concentrations. The 5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthalenedione derivatives, juglone and plumbagin, demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 1.78 μM, respectively, 16.71 μM. The related 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthalenedione derivative, lawsone, demonstrated the selectivity of the chemical scaffold having no significant effect on SaSrtA. The experimental assay was reinforced by molecular docking experiments, antimicrobial, and toxicological studies. Molecular docking studies and the electrophilic character analysis suggest bonding to the enzyme active cysteine residue by a Michael addition reaction. None of the compounds had a significant effect on the concentration of total thiol proteins in the Daphnia magna toxicological assay after 24 hr exposure. Juglone and plumbagin moderately inhibited biofilm formation with no significant effect on bacterial growth of S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, indicating a selective anti‐virulence profile.
Fate‐mapping analysis using Rorb‐IRES‐Cre reveals apical‐to‐basal gradient of Rorb expression in mouse cochlea
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Yunfeng , Wang Guangqin , Lu Ying , He Shunji , Sun Yuwei , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundConditional loss‐of‐function studies are widely conducted using the Cre/Loxp system because this helps circumvent embryonic or neonatal lethality problems. However, Cre strains specific to the inner ear are lacking, and thus lethality frequently occurs even in conditional knockout studies.ResultsHere, we report a Rorb‐IRES‐Cre knockin mouse strain in which the Cre recapitulates the expression pattern of endogenous Rorb (RAR‐related orphan receptor beta). Analysis of Rorb‐IRES‐Cre/+; Rosa26‐CAG‐LSL‐tdTomato/+ cochlear samples revealed that tdTomato was expressed at the apical turn only by E12.5. TdTomato was observed in the apical and middle turns but was minimally expressed in the basal turn at E15.5, E18.5, and P5. However, most of the auditory hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs) in all three turns were tdTomato+ at P15 and P30. Intriguingly, no tdTomato+ vestibular cells were detected until P5 and a few cells were present at P15 and P30. Finally, we also confirmed Rorb mRNA and protein expression in cochlear HCs and SCs at P30.ConclusionsWe reveal that Rorb expression exhibits an apical‐to‐basal gradient in cochleae. The cochlear‐specific and apical‐to‐basal‐gradient Rorb Cre activity should enable discrimination of gene functions in cochlear vs vestibular regions as well as low‐frequency vs high‐frequency regions in the cochlea.
Solution and Solid‐State Structure of the First NHC‐Substituted Rhenium Heptahydrides
Authors: Grieco Gabriele , Blacque Olivier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Dr. Gabriele Grieco from the Zurich University of Applied Science (ZHAW) and Dr. Olivier Blacque from the University of Zurich Irchel (UZH), Switzerland. The cover image shows the crystal structure of a carbene‐ligand‐bearing rhenium heptahydride obtained with an X‐ray diffractometer.
How and for whom does a positive affect intervention work in fibromyalgia: An analysis of mediators and moderators
Authors: Molinari Guadalupe , Miragall Marta , Enrique Ángel , Botella Cristina , Baños Rosa María , García‐Palacios Azucena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesPsychological interventions designed to enhance positive affect are promising ways to promote adaptive functioning in people with chronic pain. However, few studies have addressed the efficacy of positive affect interventions in chronic pain populations and examined which patients can benefit more from them. The aim of the present study was to identify mediators and moderators of the best possible self intervention (BPS) in fibromyalgia patients.MethodsWe used data from a previous randomized controlled trial that examined changes in pain interference, depression, self‐efficacy and quality of life after the BPS intervention.ResultsMediation analyses showed that depression mediated changes in pain interference. Positive and negative affect were significant mediators of the change in depression and quality of life. No significant mediators of the change in self‐efficacy were found. Baseline levels of quality of life, emotion regulation strategies of negative and positive affect, and rumination moderated the effects of the intervention on depressive symptomatology.DiscussionIn fibromyalgia patients, the effects of the BPS on the outcomes seem to be more related to changes in affect than to changes in future expectations.SignificanceThis study presents evidence about who can benefit from an intervention designed to augment positive affect and promote positive functioning in FMS patients and how these changes occur. It extends previous findings on patient characteristics associated with the response to pain management interventions.
Nanoemulsified adlay bran oil reduces tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells and zebrafish
Authors: Ting Yuwen , Hu Yin‐Ting , Hu Jing‐Yu , Chang Wen‐Chang , Huang Qingrong , Hsieh Shu‐Chen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe efficacy of oily components is often difficult to evaluate due to their incompatibility with most models. Here, we emulsified adlay bran oil (ABO), processed it to a nanoscale, and investigated its anti‐hyperpigmentation efficacy, assessed for its inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity and melanin production, in an in vitro system (mouse melanoma B16F10 cells) and an in vivo system (zebrafish embryos). ABO induced dose‐dependent reductions in tyrosinase activity and melanin production in both the melanoma cells and zebrafish, without affecting viability. The efficacy of ABO was strongly influenced by emulsion particle size in the zebrafish but not in the cells. These results indicate that ABO has potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti‐hyperpigmentation agent and that the emulsion system is an effective method for delivering the bioactive components of ABO to living systems that could be utilized for other oily components.
Coated Urea Materials for Improving Yields, Profitability, and Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Aromatic Rice
Authors: Shivay Yashbir Singh , Pooniya Vijay , Pal Madan , Ghasal Prakash Chand , Bana Ramswaroop , Jat Shankar Lal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntensive cultivation and introduction of input‐responsive high‐yielding varieties with application of major nutrients in rice–wheat rotation of Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGPs) lead to multiple nutrient deficiencies. A survey of Indian soils has shown that 40% are deficient in available zinc (Zn), 33% in sulfur (S), and 33% in boron (B). Studies have indicated that application of these nutrients with major nutrients can improve the crop productivity. Keeping the importance of aromatic rice in view, coated‐urea materials and their effects on rice yields, nitrogen (N), and Zn content in different parts and input economics are evaluated. Three field trials are conducted on aromatic rice to test boron‐coated urea (BCU), sulfur‐coated urea (SCU), and zinc‐coated urea (ZnCU) in 2013 and 2014. Results indicate that the highest yields are obtained with 0.5% BCU, 5.0% SCU, and 2.5% ZnCU as zinc sulfate heptahydrate. These treatments increase grain yield by 13%, 25%, and 17.9% over prilled urea (PU). Moreover, 0.5% BCU, 5% SCU, and 2.5% ZnCU register the highest N, S, and Zn contents in bran, husk, grain, and straw. Coated‐urea materials also improve use efficiencies and harvest index of N and Zn over PU. The findings of this study suggest that 0.5% boron, 5.0% sulfur, or 2.5% zinc‐coated urea show improvement in returns and benefit–cost ratio in aromatic rice of western IGPs.
The polarity and properties of radial glia‐like neural stem cells are altered by seizures with status epilepticus: Study using an improved mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy
Authors: Sasaki‐Takahashi Natsu , Shinohara Hiroshi , Shioda Seiji , Seki Tatsunori 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the adult mouse hippocampus, new neurons are produced by radial glia‐like (RGL) neural stem cells in the subgranular zone, which extend their apical processes toward the molecular layer, and express the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not the astrocyte marker S100β. In rodent models of epilepsy, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was reported to be increased after acute and mild seizures, but to be decreased by chronic and severe epilepsy. In the present study, we investigated how the severity of seizures affects neurogenesis and RGL neural stem cells in acute stages of epilepsy, using an improved mouse pilocarpine model in which pilocarpine‐induced hypothermia was prevented by maintaining body temperature, resulting in a high incidence rate of epileptic seizures and low rate of mortality. In mice that experienced seizures without status epilepticus (SE), the number of proliferating progenitors and immature neurons were significantly increased, whereas no changes were observed in RGL cells. In mice that experienced seizures with SE, the number of proliferating progenitors and immature neurons were unchanged, but the number of RGL cells with an apical process was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the processes of the majority of RGL cells extended inversely toward the hilus, and about half of the aberrant RGL cells expressed S100β. These results suggest that seizures with SE lead to changes in the polarity and properties of RGL neural stem cells, which may direct them toward astrocyte differentiation, resulting in the reduction of neural stem cells producing new granule cells. This also suggests the possibility that cell polarity of RGL stem cells is important for maintaining the stemness of adult neural stem cells.
The effect of baseline antipsychotic status on the 12‐month outcome in initially stabilized patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N. , Panagiotidis Panagiotis , Nimatoudis Ioannis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecently, the usefulness of antipsychotics has been challenged. The aim of the study was to measure the real‐life effect of antipsychotic treatment on remission and recovery rates in already stabilized patients with schizophrenia after 1 year.Material and MethodsThe study included 133 stabilized patients with schizophrenia (77 males and 56 females; aged 33.55 ± 11.22 years). The assessment included testing at baseline and after 1 year with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, UKU, Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, and General Assessment of Functioning.ResultsMore patients were on antipsychotics after 1 year (increase by 16.45%). There was an increase in the remission by 75% and in the recovery rate by 66%. It was not possible to predict the outcome on the basis of baseline variables.DiscussionThere is an accumulating beneficial effect of antipsychotic treatment over a 12‐month period; early lack of remission is not prognostic of a poor outcome. There might be different neurobiological mechanisms underlying acute and sustained response. Both remission and recovery are difficult to achieve for patients with schizophrenia and characterize only a minority of patients. Only a very small minority of patients (4.5%) that is impossible to identify a priori would do well without off antipsychotics.
Vitamin D: Giveth to Those Who Needeth
Authors: Lips Paul , Bilezikian John P , Bouillon Roger 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSevere vitamin D deficiency may cause rickets. While this point is not disputed, the use of vitamin D in the elderly to prevent fractures has been challenged recently by a meta‐analysis of 81 RCTs, suggesting that the effects of vitamin D were trivial. As is true for any review of the literature, the interpretation of a meta‐analysis can be confounded by the choice of publications to include or exclude. Indeed, the authors excluded RCTs with combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation, included futile studies of very short duration, or studies with high bolus doses known to transiently increase fracture risk. The best available data show that calcium and vitamin D supplementation of elderly subjects can decrease the risk of hip and other non‐vertebral fractures, especially in institutionalized subjects or elderly subjects with poor calcium and vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many chronic diseases. The VIDA and VITAL trials did not show a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The D2d study also did not influence the progress of prediabetes to diabetes. However, the baseline 25OHD concentrations of the majority of the participants of all these trials were essentially normal. Post‐hoc analysis of these studies suggest some possibly beneficial health outcomes in vitamin D deficient subjects. A meta‐analysis suggested that vitamin D could partly prevent upper respiratory infections. Mendelian randomization studies suggest a causal link between lifelong low vitamin D status and multiple sclerosis. A vitamin D supplement in pregnant women may decrease maternal morbidity and improve the health of their offspring. Better‐designed studies are needed to answer all outstanding questions. However, based on all available data, it seems that correction of vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency of infants, pregnant women and elderly subjects can improve their health. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Identification of functional lncRNAs based on competing endogenous RNA network in osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Hong Shuai , Hu Supei , Kang Zhengyang , Liu Zhiguo , Yang Weibin , Zhang Yongzhi , Yang Dengfeng , Ruan Wenhui , Yu Guoyong , Sun Liang , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdult human mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast, which plays crucial roles in bone regeneration and repair. Some transcriptional factors (TFs), such as BMP‐2 and RUNX2, have been demonstrated to control the differentiation processes. It is important to discover more key regulators in osteoblast differentiation. Recently, some studies found long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participating in osteoblast differentiation, such as MALAT1, DANCR, and ANCR. In this study, we performed a network‐based computational analysis to investigate the lncRNA–messenger RNA (mRNA) crosstalks via integrating microRNA (miRNA)–RNA interactions, gene coexpression, and protein–protein interactions. First, multiple topology analyses were performed to osteoblast‐differentiation‐related lncRNA–mRNA network (ODLMN). Several lncRNAs with central topology structures were identified as key regulators. Results showed that these lncRNAs participated in osteoblast differentiation via phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and Ras signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs exert functions by involving in close modules. Second, after performing module searching in ODLMN, two functional modules were identified, which played crucial roles through involving in PI3K/protein kinase B, cyclic adenosine 3ʹ,5ʹ‐monophosphate, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 pathways. Third, a subset of core lncRNA–TF crosstalks that might form feedback loops to control the biological processes in osteoblast differentiation was identified. These core lncRNA–TF feedback loops showed more TF binding affinity than other lncRNAs. All these results can help us to uncover the molecular mechanism and provide new targets for bone regeneration and repair.