bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye activity tracks task-relevant structures during speech and auditory sequence perception
Authors: Jin Peiqing , Zou Jiajie , Zhou Tao , Ding Nai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe sensory and motor systems jointly contribute to complex behaviors, but whether motor systems are involved in high-order perceptual tasks such as speech and auditory comprehension remain debated. Here, we show that ocular muscle activity is synchronized to mentally constructed sentences during speech listening, in the absence of any sentence-related visual or prosodic cue. Ocular tracking of sentences is observed in the vertical electrooculogram (EOG), whether the eyes are open or closed, and in eye blinks measured by eyetracking. Critically, the phase of sentence-tracking ocular activity is strongly modulated by temporal attention, i.e., which word in a sentence is attended. Ocular activity also tracks high-level structures in non-linguistic auditory and visual sequences, and captures rapid fluctuations in temporal attention. Ocular tracking of non-visual rhythms possibly reflects global neural entrainment to task-relevant temporal structures across sensory and motor areas, which could serve to implement temporal attention and coordinate cortical networks.
Targeting the Mycobacterium ulcerans cytochrome bc1:aa3 for the treatment of Buruli ulcer
Authors: Scherr Nicole , Bieri Raphael , Thomas Sangeeta S. , Chauffour Aurélie , Kalia Nitin Pal , Schneide Paul , Ruf Marie-Thérèse , Lamelas Araceli , Manimekalai Malathy S. S. , Grüber Gerhard , Ishii Norihisa , Suzuki Koichi , Tanner Marcel , Moraski Garrett C. , Miller Marvin J. , Witschel Matthias , Jarlier Vincent , Pluschke Gerd , Pethe Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical skin disease that is most commonly found in children from West and Central Africa. Despite the severity of the infection, therapeutic options are limited to antibiotics with severe side effects. Here, we show that M. ulcerans is susceptible to the anti-tubercular drug Q203 and related compounds targeting the respiratory cytochrome bc1:aa3. While the cytochrome bc1:aa3 is the primary terminal oxidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the presence of an alternate bd-type terminal oxidase limits the bactericidal and sterilizing potency of Q203 against this bacterium. M. ulcerans strains found in Buruli ulcer patients from Africa and Australia lost all alternate terminal electron acceptors and rely exclusively on the cytochrome bc1:aa3 to respire. As a result, Q203 is bactericidal at low dose against M. ulcerans replicating in vitro and in mice, making the drug a promising candidate for Buruli ulcer treatment.
Information-based autonomous reconfiguration in systems of interacting DNA nanostructures
Authors: Petersen Philip , Tikhomirov Grigory , Qian Lulu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dynamic interactions between complex molecular structures underlie a wide range of sophisticated behaviors in biological systems. In building artificial molecular machines out of DNA, an outstanding challenge is to develop mechanisms that can control the kinetics of interacting DNA nanostructures and that can compose the interactions together to carry out system-level functions. Here we show a mechanism of DNA tile displacement that follows the principles of toehold binding and branch migration similar to DNA strand displacement, but occurs at a larger scale between interacting DNA origami structures. Utilizing this mechanism, we show controlled reaction kinetics over five orders of magnitude and programmed cascades of reactions in multi-structure systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generality of tile displacement for occurring at any location in an array in any order, illustrated as a tic-tac-toe game. Our results suggest that tile displacement is a simple-yet-powerful mechanism that opens up the possibility for complex structural components in artificial molecular machines to undergo information-based reconfiguration in response to their environments.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia-mediated renal sympathetic nerve activation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Takahashi Keiko , Ueda Seiji , Kobayashi Takashi , Nishiyama Akira , Fujisawa Yoshihide , Sugaya Takeshi , Shiota Satomi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Gohda Tomohito , Horikoshi Satoshi , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is believed to activate the sympathetic nerve system, and is thus involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, since patients with SAS are often already obese, and have diabetes and/or hypertension (HT), the effects of CIH alone on sympathetic nerve activation and its impacts on CVD are largely unknown. We, therefore, examined the effects of CIH on sympathetic nerve activation in non-obese mice to determine whether renal sympathetic nerve denervation (RD) could ameliorate CIH-mediated cardiovascular effects. Male C57BL/6 (WT) mice were exposed to normal (FiO2 21%) or CIH (10% O2, 12 times/h, 8 h/day) conditions for 4 weeks with or without RD treatment. Increased urinary norepinephrine (NE), 8-OHdG, and angiotensinogen levels and elevated serum asymmetric dimethyl arginine levels were observed in the CIH model. Concomitant with these changes, blood pressure levels were significantly elevated by CIH treatment. However, these deleterious effects by CIH were completely blocked by RD treatment. The present study demonstrated that CIH-mediated renal sympathetic nerve activation is involved in increased systemic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and renin-angiotensin system activation, thereby contributing to the development of HT and CVD, thus could be an important therapeutic target in patients with SAS.
The Enzymatic Activity of APOBE3G Multimers
Authors: Pan Yangang , Zagorski Karen , Shlyakhtenko Luda S. , Lyubchenko Yuri L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAPOBEC3G (A3G) belongs to the family of cytosine deaminases that play an important role in the innate immune response. Similar to other, two-domain members of the APOBEC family, A3G is prone to concentration-dependent oligomerization, which is an integral for its function in the cell. It is shown that oligomerization of A3G is related to the packing mechanism into virus particle and, is critical for the so-called roadblock model during reverse transcription of proviral ssDNA. The role of oligomerization for deaminase activity of A3G is widely discussed in the literature; however, its relevance to deaminase activity for different oligomeric forms of A3G remains unclear. Here, using Atomic Force Microscopy, we directly visualized A3G-ssDNA complexes, determined their yield and stoichiometry and in parallel, using PCR assay, measured the deaminase activity of these complexes. Our data demonstrate a direct correlation between the total yield of A3G-ssDNA complexes and their total deaminase activity. Using these data, we calculated the relative deaminase activity for each individual oligomeric state of A3G in the complex. Our results show not only similar deaminase activity for monomer, dimer and tetramer of A3G in the complex, but indicate that larger oligomers of A3G retain their deaminase activity.
AItalk: a tutorial to implement AI as IoT devices
Authors: Lin Yun‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Bing , Liu Chun‐You 
Published: December 2018

In one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT), the IoT data are manipulated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for smart applications. By including AI into existing IoT application programs, significant coding effort is required. This paper proposes a solution called AItalk to resolve this issue. Unlike traditional AI‐based IoT applications that tightly integrate the AI mechanism within the network applications, the novel idea of AItalk is to treat the machine learning mechanism as a cyber IoT device. Our solution allows seamless inclusion of machine learning capability to the existing IoT applications without any programming effort. The advantage of this approach is that we can decompose a complex AI application into simplified distributed modules connected by using the IoT technology, and therefore the AI solution can be built more effectively. Also, in our approach, data can be easily processed in real time for an AI application. Supervised machine learning naturally fits the IoT applications, where the sensors provide the features to the AI algorithms, and the remote controllers serve as the labels. We show an example that the overhead of the IoT communication in AItalk is less than 30 ms and the AI prediction time is less than 2 ms.
Open‐circuit fault diagnosis for a fault‐tolerant three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped STATCOM
Authors: Li Haoyang , Guo Yuanbo , Xia Jinhui , Li Ze , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: December 2018

This study presents an open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for a fault‐tolerant three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Since STATCOM only outputs reactive current, misdiagnosis may occur by utilising conventional methods. The proposed method relies on the measurement of three‐phase currents and is able to identify the faulty switch within 10 ms. The diagnosis method uses the residuals of three‐phase currents to detect the faults and locate the faulty switch pair. In addition, the root‐mean‐square value of the faulty phase current for a quarter of the current period is used to identify the faulty switch. Only the sensors that already exist in the system are required for the diagnosis method, which avoids the use of additional hardware circuits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fault diagnosis strategy.
Distribution of electric field and structure optimisation on the surface of a ±1100 kV smoothing reactor
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhao Yingyu , Lv Fangcheng , Li Kang , Ding Yujian 
Published: December 2018

A three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element analysis model is established based on the structural characteristics of ±1100 kV oblique‐dry‐type smoothing reactor, to optimisation of the external insulation configuration thereof by the Comsol Multiphysics. The electric field on the grading ring and insulators surface is calculated and analysed. The results show that the electric field is extremely uneven and the electric field strength of the outer layer of the rain cover and the grading ring connected with the lowest layer of the main body is the largest around the whole model. Accordingly, it is proposed to enlarge the diameter of the outer layer of the grading ring, reduce the layer numbers of grading ring on the rain cover, and reduce the smoothing layer numbers of grading ring outside the insulation pillar: this should make the electric field distribution of the reactor surface more uniform. The experimental platform was established in Beijing Changping ultra‐high voltage test base and causal‐comparative tests of setup were undertaken to compare the external insulation characteristics of the smoothing reactor optimised with the original. The experimental results demonstrate that the switching impulse voltage of the smoothing reactor increases and the external insulation performance of the smoothing reactor are thus improved.
Modelling and analysis of temperature‐dependent carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity of Si–ZnO heterojunction thin film solar cell
Authors: Muchahary Deboraj , Maity Santanu , Metya Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: December 2018

ZnO–silicon heterojunction solar cell having high efficiency and high fill factor is structured and simulated to study its photovoltaic properties under different device temperature. Current–voltage measurement of dimensionally optimised device structure revealed up to 20.44% efficiency and 83.66% fill factor at 1 Ω‐cm2 external series resistance at 300 K. Measured current–voltage shows decrease of open‐circuit voltage from 659.13 to 109.1 mV and short‐circuit current from 40.65 to 39.5 mA/cm2 with increase of device temperature. Quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance measurement reveals small recombination current and long Shockley Read Hall lifetime under the selected temperature range indicating superior performance of the device. Adverse effect of surface recombination velocity at rear surface of the device is observed at lower temperature (100–600 K) range indicating better majority carrier collection at very high temperature 700 K and above.
Klinischer Verlauf nach stationärer psychosomatischer Behandlung – Ergebnisse einer naturalistischen Einjahreskatamnese
Authors: Valdés-Stauber Juan , Krämer Sabine , Bachthaler Susanne 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Effektivität der stationären psychosomatischen Behandlung wurde in verschiedenen Settings belegt. Die Frage der Nachhaltigkeit der erreichten Besserung und der prognostischen Faktoren ist von versorgungsmedizinischer Bedeutung.Untersucht wird primär, inwieweit sich der klinische Zustand von Patienten ein Jahr nach ihrer Entlassung aus der stationär-psychosomatischen Behandlung im Vergleich mit dem Status zum Entlasszeitpunkt verändert hat. Sekundär, inwiefern sich versorgungsbezogene Variablen im Vergleich zum Jahr vor der Indexaufnahme verändern.Einjahreskatamnese des naturalistischen Verlaufs einer Stichprobe. Die Daten werden anhand von 5 klinischen, 3 ressourcenbezogenen, 1 verlaufseinschätzenden und 3 versorgungsbezogenen Variablen erhoben. Dabei werden 4 Messzeitpunkte berücksichtigt: Aufnahme mit Einwilligung in die Untersuchung (N = 262), Entlasszeitpunkt (N = 249) sowie 6 Monate (N = 148) und 12 Monate (N = 114) nach der Entlassung. Prä-post-Unterschiede wurden mit t-Tests und Assoziationen mittels multivariater linearer und logistischer Regressionen untersucht.Die Patienten, die Angaben zum Katamnesezeitpunkt machten, unterschieden sich in den stationär erhobenen Daten nicht von denen, die nicht antworteten. Ein Jahr nach der Entlassung bestanden weiterhin hochsignifikante Unterschiede zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt und keine statistische Verschlechterung verglichen mit dem Entlasszeitpunkt. Die subjektive globale Einschätzung des Verlaufs war bei 76 % positiv; anders bei den einzelnen Tests. Die weitere Behandlung erfolgte vorwiegend durch Psychotherapeuten (78 %), Hausärzte (63 %) und Psychiater (44 %). Zwischen Psychotherapie(dichte) und klinischen Variablen bestehen relevante Zusammenhänge.Ein Jahr nach der Entlassung hält die stationär erreichte klinische Besserung durchschnittlich an. Dies könnte ein Hinweis für die mittelfristige Effektivität stationärer psychosomatischer Krankenhausbehandlung sein. Die subjektive globale Einschätzung des Verlaufs fällt positiver aus, als es die detaillierten Ergebnisse anhand standardisierter Fragebögen abbilden, weshalb beide Erfassungsmethoden zu berücksichtigen sind. Es ergeben sich Hinweise, dass psychotherapeutische Weiterbehandlung zu günstigeren Verläufen führen könnte.
Utility of “liquid biopsy” using pancreatic juice for early detection of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Okada Tetsuhiro , Iwano Hirotoshi , Ono Yusuke , Karasaki Hidenori , Sato Takayuki , Yamada Masataka , Omori Yuko , Sato Hiroki , Hayashi Akihiro , Kawabata Hidemasa , Goto Takuma , Sasajima Junpei , Takauji Shuhei , Nagashima Kazuo , Mizukami Yusuke , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background Despite advances in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), histological evaluation of small and poorly defined masses in the pancreas is uncomfortable and unsafe.
Methods We herein report a case of early stage PDA, in which multiple KRAS mutations were detected in the pancreatic juice preoperatively. A small hypoechoic area adjacent to the portal vein was detected through endoscopic ultrasound in the pancreatic body. KRAS mutations were evaluated using plasma, and the pancreatic juice by digital PCR.
Results Pancreatic duct biopsy and pancreatic juice cytology were performed with no evidence of malignancy; however, KRAS mutations, KRAS G12V and G12D, were detected in the pancreatic juice. Histological assessment of the resected specimen demonstrated a solid tumor with desmoplastic reaction accompanied by carcinoma in situ in the main pancreatic duct where KRAS G12V mutation was identified. More detailed analysis demonstrated KRAS G12D mutation in the cluster of low grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, implying that the lesion developed independently.
Conclusions Our study indicates the potential of “endoscopic liquid biopsy” to capture the driver gene for PDA diagnosis.
Comparative Histomorphology of the Ovary and the Oviduct in Rabbits and Pigeons
Authors: Ishaya Helga , Omaga Imelda , Dibal Nathan , Attah Martha 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Knowledge of the evolutionary relationship between different classes of vertebrates can be obtained through a comparative study of their structures, forms, functions, and of the mode of development of the structures. Birds and mammals are vertebrates with different modes of reproduction, that is, oviparity in birds and viviparity in mammals. The aim of the present study is to compare the histomorphology of the ovaries and of the oviducts/uterine tubes in rabbits and pigeons. The present study highlights the histological and morphological differences that bring about the production of eggs in birds and the production of fully developed fetuses in mammals.
Materials and Methods Five rabbits and five domestic pigeons were anesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed. The ovaries and the oviducts/uterine tubes were dissected and fixed in Bouin fluid and processed for a light microscopic study.
Results The result showed paired ovaries and uterine tubes in rabbits that unite at the isthmus to form a single uterus that opens into the vagina, with only the left ovary and oviduct appearing as a compact body with distinct infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina in pigeons. Photomicrographs of the ovaries of rabbits showed parenchyma cells with primary follicles, while the ovaries of pigeons showed developing follicles and yolk granules. Both the oviducts of rabbits and of pigeons showed a highly folded mucosa with a thick muscular wall.
Conclusion The differences observed in the structures of the ovaries and of the oviducts of rabbits and pigeons might be due to their different reproductive functions in parturition (viviparity and oviparity, respectively).
Imaging Description of Extragenital Müllerian Adenosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Mone Annalisa , Iannone Piergiorgio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMüllerian adenosarcoma is a very rare gynecological disease, comprising 5% of uterine sarcomas. Extragenital localizations are even rarer. We report a very interesting case of a 27-year-old woman complaining of pelvic pain, with a subsequent diagnosis of extragenital Müllerian adenosarcoma. This is the first case reported in the literature with a complete and wide imaging description. Even if rare, Müllerian adenosarcoma should be hypothesized in case of young female patients presenting with suspicious pelvic mass.
Communicating with Vulnerable Patient Populations: A Randomized Intervention to Teach Inpatients to Use the Electronic Patient Portal
Authors: Stein Jacob , Klein Jared , Payne Thomas , Jackson Sara , Peacock Sue , Oster Natalia , Carpenter Trinell , Elmore Joann 
Published: December 2018

Background Patient portals are expanding as a means to engage patients and have evidence for benefit in the outpatient setting. However, few studies have evaluated their use in the inpatient setting, or with vulnerable patient populations.
Objective This article assesses an intervention to teach hospitalized vulnerable patients to access their discharge summaries using electronic patient portals.
Methods Patients at a safety net hospital were randomly assigned to portal use education or usual care. Surveys assessed perceptions of discharge paperwork and the electronic portal.
Results Of the 202 prescreened eligible patients (e.g., deemed mentally competent, spoke English, and had a telephone), only 43% had working emails. Forty-four percent of participants did not remember receiving or reading discharge paperwork. Patients trained in portal use (n = 47) or receiving usual care (n = 23) preferred hospitals with online record access (85 and 83%, respectively), and felt that online access would increase their trust in doctors (85 and 87%) and satisfaction with care (91% each). Those who received training in portal use were more likely to register for the portal (48% vs. 11%; p < 0.01).
Conclusion Patients had positive perceptions of portals, and education increased portal use. Lack of email access is a notable barrier to electronic communication with vulnerable patients.
Laparoscopic Resection of Retroperitoneal Presacral Schwannoma: A Case Report
Authors: Ruoso Melina , Feranti Luiza , Andriguetto Paulo , Andriguetto Leonardo , Fidalski Solena , Aguiar Luiz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRetroperitoneal presacral schwannomas are uncommon and are usually diagnosed accidentally. We present here the case of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with an expansive pelvic lesion during a routine gynecological examination. The precise location of the tumor, as well as its relation to adjacent structures, was determined through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient underwent laparoscopic lesion resection and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. An MRI performed 2 months after surgery confirmed complete lesion resection.
Foramen Magnum Meningioma Presenting with Cough Syncope (Case Report and Review of the Literature)
Authors: Kaplan Metin , Hepgunsel Omer , Kok Selman , Gonen Murat 
Published: December 2018

AbstractForamen magnum meningiomas cause different symptoms based on the size and the location of the tumor. They often present with involvement of the long tracts and of the lower cranial nerves. Ataxia and occipitocervical headache are other common symptoms. In the present study, we report a case of foramen magnum meningioma presenting with cough syncope. A mass lesion located anterolateral to the foramen magnum was detected in a 38-year-old man during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam; the lesion extended from the inferior clivus to the level of the C2 vertebra. The neural axis has pushed towards posterior and contralateral side by the mass. We think that syncope occurred due to the encasement of the vertebral arteries by the tumor in addition to the compression of the neural axis. The posterolateral approach without condylar resection provides a safe surgical plane for total excision of these tumors. In our case, the tumor was totally removed and the syncope episodes were resolved.
Syndromale Formen der Adipositas
Authors: Vilser C. , Weihrauch-Blüher S. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungGenetische Mechanismen der Adipositas sind komplex und umfassen das Zusammenspiel verschiedener genetischer Faktoren mit der Umwelt. Der Einfluss genetischer Faktoren wird dabei aktuell auf 40–70 % geschätzt. Es gibt jedoch auch verschiedene syndromale Adipositasformen, die sowohl monogen als auch oligogen auftreten können. Diese syndromalen Adipositasformen haben bisher maßgeblich zu unserem Verständnis molekularer Mechanismen des Energiehaushaltes und des Sättigungsverhaltens zur Kontrolle des Körpergewichts beigetragen. Es sind bisher mehr als 50 solcher Adipositas-Syndrome beschrieben. Meist bestehen weitere spezifische klinische Merkmale wie mentale Retardierung, Dysmorphien, Störungen endokriner Achsen oder organspezifische Entwicklungsstörungen, die oft ein typisches Präsentationsalter aufweisen. Bezüglich der assoziierten klinischen Symptome besteht im Hinblick auf Häufigkeit oder Ausprägungsgrad eine erhebliche Varianz. Die Adipositas tritt oft stammbetont auf und ist so gut wie nie ein isoliertes Merkmal. Eine aktuelle Übersicht über die häufigsten Adipositas-assoziierten Syndrome sowie zur differentialdiagnostischen Vorgehensweise ist nachfolgend dargestellt.