bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative review of therapies for chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats
Authors: Makielski Kelly , Cullen Jonah , O'Connor Annette , Jergens Albert E. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe optimal medical treatment for chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs and cats is controversial. Sequential treatment using diet, antimicrobials, and immunosuppressive drugs is the most common strategy used by clinicians.ObjectivesTo review the evidence for the effectiveness of dietary, drug, and alternative health interventions for inducing clinical remission in dogs and cats with CE.AnimalsRetrospective study of dogs and cats with a diagnosis of chronic enteropathy.MethodsMEDLINE and Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) databases (1950 to March 2017) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and case series. The primary outcome was induction of clinical remission. All studies were evaluated using the quality of evidence grading guidelines (I‐IV), which assign a score defining the strength and quality of the evidence.ResultsTwenty‐two studies (11 RCTs in dogs and 2 in cats and 9 cohort studies or case series) met the inclusion criteria for inducing remission of gastrointestinal (GI) signs. Of the 13 RCTs achieving grade I scores, 10 studies (totaling 218 dogs and 65 cats) compared single treatment: diet (n = 3), immunosuppressives (n = 3), antimicrobials (n = 2), anti‐inflammatory drugs (n = 1), and probiotics (n = 1). Three case series (grade III) reported clinical remission using an elimination diet fed to 55 cats and use of enrofloxacin to induce remission in dogs with granulomatous colitis (2 studies totaling 16 dogs).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe current evidence for treatment of CE is much greater in dogs than in cats. There is sufficient strong evidence to recommend the use of therapeutic GI diets, glucocorticoids, enrofloxacin, or some combination of these in dogs with CE. Therapeutic GI diets and glucocorticoids are most useful in cats with CE.
Rhodotorula infection in haematological patient: Risk factors and outcome
Authors: Potenza Leonardo , Chitasombat Maria N. , Klimko Nikolay , Bettelli Francesca , Dragonetti Giulia , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Nucci Marcio , Busca Alessandro , Fracchiolla Nicola , Sciumè Mariarita , Spolzino Angelica , Delia Mario , Mancini Valentina , Nadali Gian Paolo , Dargenio Michela , Shadrivova Olga , Banchelli Federico , Aversa Franco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Luppi Mario , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Pagano Livio 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundRhodotorula spp are uncommon yeasts able to cause infections with high mortality rates. Rhodotorula infections have been associated with the presence of central venous catheter (CVC), immunosuppression, exposure to antifungals and the presence of either solid or haematologic malignancies. However, in this latter setting, only a few cases have so far been reported.ObjectivesWe have conducted a survey for Rhodotorula infections in haematologic patients.MethodsPatients’ clinical and microbiological data were collected and correlated to the outcome.ResultsA total of 27 cases were detected from 13 tertiary care hospitals. About 78% and 89% of patients had acute leukaemia and CVC. About 70% of patients were exposed to prophylaxis with azoles, mainly posaconazole (37%), 59% were severely neutropenic and 37% underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The most frequent treatments were liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) and CVC removal in 17 and 16 patients, respectively. One month post‐diagnosis, mortality was 26% and was associated with the presence of mucositis (P = 0.034).ConclusionsOur study shows that Rhodotorula spp should be considered as aetiologic agents of breakthrough infections in acute leukaemia patients with a CVC, mucositis, who receive prophylaxis with azoles, including posaconazole, and/or undergo alloSCT. Prompt measures, such as L‐AmB administration and CVC removal, should be carried out to avoid the high mortality risk of Rhodotorula infections.
Impact of a nurse‐led sleep programme on the sleep quality and depressive symptomatology among older adults in nursing homes: A non‐randomised controlled study
Authors: Dolu Ilknur , Nahcivan Nursen O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems are much more prevalent in nursing home residents than in their community‐dwelling counterparts. Cognitive behavioural therapy is likely to improve sleep quality in older adults. However, these interventions have a narrow scope to generalise to nursing home practice, and there are minimal data on the effectiveness of the integration of cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing in nursing home settings.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a nurse‐led sleep programme on the sleep quality and depressive symptomatology in cognitively intact nursing home residents.MethodsA non‐randomised controlled study design was applied to 52 older adults living in three different nursing homes in the same locality. Then, we categorised our study cohort into the following two groups: intervention group in which the older adults received the nurse‐led sleep programme and control group in which the older adults received regular nursing home services. One nursing home was assigned to the intervention, and two were assigned to control. The intervention group participated in four weekly 1‐hr sessions performed by the first author.ResultsFollow‐up assessments conducted at 8 and 12 weeks after the intervention ended revealed that participants in the intervention group experienced a significant improvement in some objective sleep parameters, including awakenings, total wake time, wake after sleep onset and sleep efficiency, as well as a significant decrease in depressive symptomatology.ConclusionTo summarise, the results of this study showed that the nurse‐led sleep programme improved the sleep quality and reduced depressive symptomatology in cognitively intact nursing home residents. In this context, we can assert that interventions for sleep problems should be individualised by addressing sleep experience and sleep management strategies of older adults living in nursing homes and should be integrated with motivational interviewing techniques.
Mouse neutrophils release extracellular traps in response to Naegleria fowleri
Authors: Carrasco‐Yepez Maria Maricela , Contis‐Montes de Oca Arturo , Campos‐Rodriguez Rafael , Falcon‐Acosta Diana , Pacheco‐Yepez Judith , Rodriguez‐Mera Itzel Berenice , Bonilla‐Lemus Patricia , Rosales‐Cruz Erika , Lopez‐Reyes Israel , Rojas‐Hernandez Saul 
Published: December 2018

SummaryNaegleria fowleri is a free‐living amoeba, which is able to infect humans through the nasal mucosa causing a disease in the central nervous system known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) play a critical role in the early phase of N fowleri infection. Recently, a new biological defence mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been attracting attention. These structures represent an important strategy to immobilize and kill invading microorganisms. In this work, we evaluate the capacity of N fowleri to induce the NETs release by PMNs cells in mice in vitro and in vivo. In vitro: Neutrophils from bone marrow were cocultured with N fowleri trophozoites. In vivo: we employed a mouse model of PAM. We evaluated DNA, histone and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the formation of NETs by confocal microscopy. Our results showed N fowleri induce both NETs and MPO release by PMNs cells in mice after trophozoite exposure, which increased through time, in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that NETs are somehow associated with the amoebas. We suggest PMNs release their traps trying to avoid N fowleri attachment at the apical side of the nasal epithelium.
Resilience to the Global Economic and Turkish (GEO)Political Crisis Compared
Authors: Terhorst Pieter , Erkuş‐Öztürk Hilal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOver the last ten years Turkey has gone through two different types of crises, namely the global economic crisis of 2008–2009 and the (geo)political crisis after 2015. This paper analyses the resilience of the economy of the tourism city of Antalya to both crises by focusing on the development of GDP of its inbound tourism countries and the births and deaths of both tourism and non‐tourism firms. The impact of the global economic crisis was moderate. The (geo)political crisis of 2016, by contrast, had a strong impact on Antalya’s economy. The city’s tourism arrivals strongly decreased, new firm formation stagnated, although the death rate of firms did not increase, and the sectoral diversification of new firms declined. Antalya conforms more to the engineering type of resilience to both crises than to the adaptive one which requires ability/willingness to shift into new sectors.
Evaluating the effect of the introduction of the euro on tourist flows: A synthetic control approach
Authors: Addessi William , Biagi Bianca , Brandano Maria Giovanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the introduction of the euro on bilateral outflows of tourism among European Monetary Union (EMU) countries in the period 2002–13. Descriptive statistics indicate heterogeneous paths in tourism flows, arising from several potential drivers. In order to analyse this observed heterogeneity, we use the synthetic control method, which does not require a large set of independent variables and allows for the development of separate analyses for each country. Results indicate that the introduction of the euro favoured tourism flows within EMU countries compared to flows between EMU and non‐EMU countries in three (Belgium, Italy, and Spain) out of the 10 considered countries. These findings underline the presence of significant heterogeneity and emphasise the importance of non‐parametric methods in understanding the effect of EMU.
Metabolomics for predicting fetal growth restriction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Leite Debora Farias Batista , Morillon Aude-Claire , Melo Júnior Elias F , Souza Renato T , Khashan Ali S , Baker Philip N , Kenny Louise C , Cecatti José Guilherme 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a relevant research and clinical concern since it is related to higher risks of adverse outcomes at any period of life. Current predictive tools in pregnancy (clinical factors, ultrasound scan, placenta-related biomarkers) fail to identify the true growth-restricted fetus. However, technologies based on metabolomics have generated interesting findings and seem promising. In this systematic review, we will address diagnostic accuracy of metabolomics analyses in predicting FGR.Methods and analysisOur primary outcome is small for gestational age infant, as a surrogate for FGR, defined as birth weight below the 10th centile by customised or population-based curves for gestational age. A detailed systematic literature search will be carried in electronic databases and conference abstracts, using the keywords ‘fetal growth retardation’, ‘metabolomics’, ‘pregnancy’ and ‘screening’ (and their variations). We will include original peer-reviewed articles published from 1998 to 2018, involving pregnancies of fetuses without congenital malformations; sample collection must have been performed before clinical recognition of growth impairment. If additional information is required, authors will be contacted. Reviews, case reports, cross-sectional studies, non-human research and commentaries papers will be excluded. Sample characteristics and the diagnostic accuracy data will be retrieved and analysed. If data allows, we will perform a meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a systematic review, no ethical approval is necessary. This protocol will be publicised in our institutional websites and results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089985.
Determining correct tracheal tube insertion depth by measuring distance between endotracheal tube cuff and vocal cords by ultrasound in Chinese adults: a prospective case-control study
Authors: Chen Xuanling , Zhai Wenwen , Yu Zhuoying , Geng Jiao , Li Min 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesUnrecognised malposition of the endotracheal tube can lead to severe complications in patients under general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using ultrasound to measure the distance between the upper edge of saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords.DesignProspective case-control study.SettingA tertiary hospital in Beijing, China.MethodsIn this prospective study, 105 adult patients who required general anaesthesia were enrolled. Prior to induction, ultrasound was used to identify the position of the vocal cords. After intubation, the endotracheal tube (ETT) was fixed at a depth of 23 cm at the upper incisors in men and 21 cm in women. The depth of intubation was verified by video-assisted laryngoscopy. The distance between the upper edge of the saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords was measured by ultrasound; the ideal distance was considered to be 1.9–4.1 cm.ResultsAmong the 105 cases, two cuffs were too close to the vocal cords and one too far away from the vocal cords. These diagnoses were made by ultrasound and were in agreement with results from direct laryngoscopy. The overall accuracy of ultrasound in identifying malposition of the cuff was 100.0% (95% CI: 96.6% to 100%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasound were, respectively, 100% (95% CI: 96.5% to 100%), 100% (95% CI: 29.2% to 100%), 100% (95% CI: 96.5% to 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 29.2% to 100%).ConclusionIdentification of the upper edge of the saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords by ultrasound to assess the location of the ETT is a reliable method. It can be used to avoid malposition of the ETT cuff and reduce the incidence of vocal cords injury after intubation.Trial registration numberChiCTR-DDD-17011048.
The liminal space palliative care volunteers occupy and their roles within it: a qualitative study
Authors: Vanderstichelen Steven , Cohen Joachim , Van Wesemael Yanna , Deliens Luc , Chambaere Kenneth 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesVolunteers have an important place in palliative care (PC), positively influencing quality of care for seriously ill people and those close to them and providing a link to the community. However, it is not well understood where volunteers fit into PC provision or how to support them adequately. We therefore chose to describe volunteer roles across care settings through the perspective of those closely involved in the care of terminally ill people.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using both focus groups with volunteers, nurses, psychologists and family physicians and individual semistructured interviews with patients and family caregivers. Participants were recruited from hospital, home, day care and live-in services.Results79 people participated in the study. Two volunteer roles were identified. The first was ‘being there’ for the dying person. Volunteers represent a more approachable face of care, focused on psychological, social and existential care and building relationships. The second was the ‘liaison’ role. Volunteers occupy a liminal space between the professional and the family domain, through which they notice and communicate patient needs missed by other caregivers. Patient-volunteer matching was a facilitator for role performance; barriers were lack of communication opportunities with professional caregivers and lack of volunteer coordination.ConclusionVolunteers complement professional caregivers by (1) occupying a unique space between professionals, family and patients and fulfilling a liaison function and (2) being a unique face of care for patients. Healthcare services and policy can support volunteer role performance by ensuring frequent communication opportunities and volunteer coordination.
Instanton interaction in de Sitter space–time
Authors: Metaxas Dimitrios 
Published: December 2018

Because of the presence of a cosmological horizon, the dilute instanton gas approximation used for the derivation of the Coleman–De Luccia tunneling rate in de Sitter space–time receives additional contributions due to the finite instanton separation. Here, I calculate the first corrections to the vacuum decay rate that arise from this effect and depend on the parameters of the theory and the cosmological constant of the background space–time.
Optical and electrical properties and simulation curves of NiO/Al/NiO transparent conductive film
Authors: Wang Shuyun , Wen Kailin , Sun Yang , Xiu Xianwu , Teng Shuyun , Wang Sen , He Yuan 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, NiO/Al/NiO transparent conductive films were prepared by magnetron sputtering at the room temperature. Effects of the NiO and Al layers thicknesses on the optical and electrical properties of the NiO/Al/NiO laminated films were analyzed. When the light wavelength falls in range 300–900 nm, with the increase of the NiO and Al layers thicknesses, the transmittance of the laminated film first increases significantly and then decreases slightly, finally tends to be stable. The laminated film obtained the best optical and electrical properties when the NiO layer is 40 nm and the Al layer is 12 nm. The maximum transmittance is 83%, the average transmittance is 77.3%, the film resistivity is [Formula: see text] and the carrier concentration is [Formula: see text]. At the same time, the transmittance of laminated film is simulated by FDTD software. But the simulation curve is different from the experimental data. Analysis results show that, with the NiO dielectric is added on both sides of the metal Al film, the light reflection characteristic of laminated film has been completely different from that of the single Al metal film because of the change of interface characteristics between Al film and NiO film, and the actual luminous transmittance greatly increases.
SPH Simulation of Wave Scattering by a Heaving Submerged Horizontal Plate
Authors: He Ming , Xu Wanhai , Gao Xifeng , Ren Bing 
Published: December 2018

Liu et al. [Liu, C., Huang, Z. & Chen, W. [2017] “A numerical study of a submerged horizontal heaving plate as a breakwater,” J. Coast. Res.33(4), 917–930.] numerically studied the wave scattering by a heaving submerged horizontal plate (SHP) within the framework of the potential flow theory. They presented the excellent performance of the heaving SHP on wave blocking, because the radiated wave induced by the heave response of plate is likely to neutralize the transmitted wave. As a further study, the present work simulates the wave–heaving SHP interaction using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics, which is widely recognized as a powerful tool for computing complex viscous fluid dynamics. In this way, additional understanding on the wave blocking mechanism of the heaving SHP is contributed. The effect of submergence of plate on the wave and structural dynamics is also investigated. The results show that, under most submergence conditions, a heaving SHP breakwater is more effective than a fixed one. In terms of the limited cases in this research, 17% is proven to be the optimum ratio of submergence to water depth for the heaving SHP breakwater.
Trends in Utilization of Statin Therapy and Contraindicated Statin Use in HIV‐‐Infected Adults Treated With Antiretroviral Therapy From 2007 Through 2015
Authors: Rosenson Robert S. , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Burkholder Greer A. , Chen Ligong , Muntner Paul 
Published: December 2018

Background

HIV
is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which may result in many people living with
HIV
taking a statin. Some statins are contraindicated with certain antiretroviral therapies (
ART
) and other medications commonly used by
HIV
‐infected patients.

Methods and Results

We analyzed trends in the use of statins, including contraindicated statins, between 2007 and 2015 among
HIV
‐infected patients aged ≥19 years taking
ART
who had employer‐sponsored or Medicare supplemental health insurance in the Marketscan database (n=186 420). Statin use was identified using pharmacy claims. Contraindicated statin use was defined by a pharmacy claim for
HIV
protease inhibitors, cobicistat, hepatitis C protease inhibitors, anti‐infectives, calcium channel blockers, amiodarone, gemfibrozil, or nefazodone followed by a fill for a contraindicated statin type and dosage within 90 days. The percentage of beneficiaries with
HIV
taking a statin remained unchanged between 2007 (24.6%) and 2015 (24.7%). Among those taking a statin, the percentage taking a contraindicated statin declined from 16.3% in 2007 to 9.0% in 2014 and then increased to 9.8% in 2015. The proportion of contraindicated statin fills attributable to
HIV
protease inhibitors declined from 63.9% in 2007 to 51.0% in 2015, while those attributable to cobicistat increased from 0% before 2012 to 20.6% in 2015.

Conclusions

Changes in
ART
regimens resulted in a decline in contraindicated statin use from 2007 to 2014, but this favorable trend was attenuated in 2015 because of increased use of cobicistat‐containing
ART
regimens.
Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Infants Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Changes in Metabolic Pathways and Association With Mortality and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay
Authors: Davidson Jesse A. , Pfeifer Zachary , Frank Benjamin , Tong Suhong , Urban Tracy T. , Wischmeyer Paul A. , Mourani Peter , Landeck Bruce , Christians Uwe , Klawitter Jelena 
Published: December 2018

Background
Mortality for infants undergoing complex cardiac surgery is >10% with a 30% to 40% risk of complications. Early identification and treatment of high‐risk infants remains challenging. Metabolites are small molecules that determine the minute‐to‐minute cellular phenotype, making them ideal biomarkers for postsurgical monitoring and potential targets for intervention.

Methods and Results

We measured 165 serum metabolites by tandem mass spectroscopy in infants ≤120 days old undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Samples were collected prebypass, during rewarming, and 24 hours after surgery. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis, pathway analysis, and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to evaluate changes in the metabolome, assess altered metabolic pathways, and discriminate between survivors/nonsurvivors as well as upper/lower 50% intensive care unit length of stay. Eighty‐two infants had preoperative samples for analysis; 57 also had rewarming and 24‐hour samples. Preoperation, the metabolic fingerprint of neonates differed from older infants (
R
2
=0.89, Q
2
=0.77;
P
<0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in progressive, age‐independent metabolic disturbance (
R
2
=0.92, Q
2
=0.83;
P
<0.001). Multiple pathways demonstrated changes, with arginine/proline (
P
=1.2×10
−35
), glutathione (
P
=3.3×10
−39
), and alanine/aspartate/glutamate (
P
=1.4×10
−26
) metabolism most affected. Six subjects died. Nonsurvivors demonstrated altered aspartate (
P
=0.007) and nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism (
P
=0.005). The combination of 24‐hour aspartate and methylnicotinamide identified nonsurvivors versus survivors (area under the curve, 0.86;
P
<0.01), as well as upper/lower 50% intensive care unit length of stay (area under the curve, 0.89;
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
The preoperative metabolic fingerprint of neonates differed from older infants. Large metabolic shifts occurred after cardiopulmonary bypass, independent of age. Nonsurvivors and subjects requiring longer intensive care unit length of stay showed distinct changes in metabolism. Specific metabolites, including aspartate and methylnicotinamide, may differentiate sicker patients from those experiencing a more benign course.