bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau local structure shields an amyloid-forming motif and controls aggregation propensity
Authors: Chen Dailu , Drombosky Kenneth W. , Hou Zhiqiang , Sari Levent , Kashmer Omar M. , Ryder Bryan D. , Perez Valerie A. , Woodard DaNae R. , Lin Milo M. , Diamond Marc I. , Joachimiak Lukasz A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular amyloid deposits of tau protein. Missense mutations in the tau gene (MAPT) correlate with aggregation propensity and cause dominantly inherited tauopathies, but their biophysical mechanism driving amyloid formation is poorly understood. Many disease-associated mutations localize within tau’s repeat domain at inter-repeat interfaces proximal to amyloidogenic sequences, such as 306VQIVYK311. We use cross-linking mass spectrometry, recombinant protein and synthetic peptide systems, in silico modeling, and cell models to conclude that the aggregation-prone 306VQIVYK311 motif forms metastable compact structures with its upstream sequence that modulates aggregation propensity. We report that disease-associated mutations, isomerization of a critical proline, or alternative splicing are all sufficient to destabilize this local structure and trigger spontaneous aggregation. These findings provide a biophysical framework to explain the basis of early conformational changes that may underlie genetic and sporadic tau pathogenesis.
CHML promotes liver cancer metastasis by facilitating Rab14 recycle
Authors: Chen Tian-Wei , Yin Fen-Fen , Yuan Yan-Mei , Guan Dong-Xian , Zhang Erbin , Zhang Feng-Kun , Jiang Hao , Ma Ning , Wang Jing-Jing , Ni Qian-Zhi , Qiu Lin , Feng Jing , Zhang Xue-Li , Bao Ying , Wang Kang , Cheng Shu-Qun , Wang Xiao-Fan , Wang Xiang , Li Jing-Jing , Xie Dong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetastasis-associated recurrence is the major cause of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that expression of choroideremia-like (CHML) is increased in HCC, associated with poor survival, early recurrence and more satellite nodules in HCC patients. CHML promotes migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells, in a Rab14-dependent manner. Mechanism study reveals that CHML facilitates constant recycling of Rab14 by escorting Rab14 to the membrane. Furthermore, we identify several metastasis regulators as cargoes carried by Rab14-positive vesicles, including Mucin13 and CD44, which may contribute to metastasis-promoting effects of CHML. Altogether, our data establish CHML as a potential promoter of HCC metastasis, and the CHML-Rab14 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
Graphite phase carbon nitride based membrane for selective permeation
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Niannian , Wang Yan , Ma Huan , Zhang Junxiang , Xu Lili , Albolkany Mohamed K. , Liu Bo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrecise control of interlayer spacing and functionality is crucial in two-dimensional material based membrane separation technology. Here we show anion intercalation in protonated graphite phase carbon nitride (GCN) that tunes the interlayer spacing and functions of GCN-based membranes for selective permeation in aqueous/organic solutions. Sulfate anion intercalation leads to a crystalline and amphipathic membrane with an accessible interlayer spacing at ~10.8 Å, which allows high solvent permeability and sieves out the solutes with sizes larger than the spacing. We further extend the concept and illustrate the example of GCN-based chiral membrane via incorporating (1R)-(-)-10-camphorsulfonic anion into protonated GCN layers. The membrane exhibits a molecular weight cutoff around 150 among various enantiomers and highly enantioselective permeation towards limonene racemate with an enantiomeric excess value of 89%. This work paves a feasible way to achieve water purification and chiral separation technologies using decorated laminated membranes.
Phylogenetic conservation of bacterial responses to soil nitrogen addition across continents
Authors: Isobe Kazuo , Allison Steven D. , Khalili Banafshe , Martiny Adam C. , Martiny Jennifer B. H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil microbial communities are intricately linked to ecosystem functioning such as nutrient cycling; therefore, a predictive understanding of how these communities respond to environmental changes is of great interest. Here, we test whether phylogenetic information can predict the response of bacterial taxa to nitrogen (N) addition. We analyze the composition of soil bacterial communities in 13 field experiments across 5 continents and find that the N response of bacteria is phylogenetically conserved at each location. Remarkably, the phylogenetic pattern of N responses is similar when merging data across locations. Thus, we can identify bacterial clades – the size of which are highly variable across the bacterial tree – that respond consistently to N addition across locations. Our findings suggest that a phylogenetic approach may be useful in predicting shifts in microbial community composition in the face of other environmental changes.
Enhanced photocatalysis and biomolecular sensing with field-activated nanotube-nanoparticle templates
Authors: Almohammed Sawsan , Tade Barwich Sebastian , Mitchell Andrew K. , Rodriguez Brian J. , Rice James H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of new catalysts for oxidation reactions is of central importance for many industrial processes. Plasmonic catalysis involves photoexcitation of templates/chips to drive and enhance oxidation of target molecules. Raman-based sensing of target molecules can also be enhanced by these templates. This provides motivation for the rational design, characterization, and experimental demonstration of effective template nanostructures. In this paper, we report on a template comprising silver nanoparticles on aligned peptide nanotubes, contacted with a microfabricated chip in a dry environment. Efficient plasmonic catalysis for oxidation of molecules such as p-aminothiophenol results from facile trans-template charge transfer, activated and controlled by application of an electric field. Raman detection of biomolecules such as glucose and nucleobases are also dramatically enhanced by the template. A reduced quantum mechanical model is formulated, comprising a minimum description of key components. Calculated nanotube-metal-molecule charge transfer is used to understand the catalytic mechanism and shows this system is well-optimized.
Structural and functional consequences of the STAT5BN642H driver mutation
Authors: de Araujo Elvin D. , Erdogan Fettah , Neubauer Heidi A. , Meneksedag-Erol Deniz , Manaswiyoungkul Pimyupa , Eram Mohammad S. , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Qadree Abdul K. , Israelian Johan , Orlova Anna , Suske Tobias , Pham Ha T. T. , Boersma Auke , Tangermann Simone , Kenner Lukas , Rülicke Thomas , Dong Aiping , Ravichandran Manimekalai , Brown Peter J. , Audette Gerald F. , Rauscher Sarah , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Moriggl Richard , Gunning Patrick T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHyper-activated STAT5B variants are high value oncology targets for pharmacologic intervention. STAT5BN642H, a frequently-occurring oncogenic driver mutation, promotes aggressive T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in patient carriers, although the molecular origins remain unclear. Herein, we emphasize the aggressive nature of STAT5BN642H in driving T-cell neoplasia upon hematopoietic expression in transgenic mice, revealing evidence of multiple T-cell subset organ infiltration. Notably, we demonstrate STAT5BN642H-driven transformation of γδ T-cells in in vivo syngeneic transplant models, comparable to STAT5BN642H patient γδ T-cell entities. Importantly, we present human STAT5B and STAT5BN642H crystal structures, which propose alternative mutation-mediated SH2 domain conformations. Our biophysical data suggests STAT5BN642H can adopt a hyper-activated and hyper-inactivated state with resistance to dephosphorylation. MD simulations support sustained interchain cross-domain interactions in STAT5BN642H, conferring kinetic stability to the mutant anti-parallel dimer. This study provides a molecular explanation for the STAT5BN642H activating potential, and insights into pre-clinical models for targeted intervention of hyper-activated STAT5B.
Natural hypothalamic circuit dynamics underlying object memorization
Authors: Kosse Christin , Burdakov Denis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBrain signals that govern memory formation remain incompletely identified. The hypothalamus is implicated in memory disorders, but how its rapidly changing activity shapes memorization is unknown. During encounters with objects, hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons emit brief signals that reflect object novelty. Here we show that targeted optogenetic silencing of these signals, performed selectively during the initial object encounters (i.e. memory acquisition), prevents future recognition of the objects. We identify an upstream inhibitory microcircuit from hypothalamic GAD65 neurons to MCH neurons, which constrains the memory-promoting MCH cell bursts. Finally, we demonstrate that silencing the GAD65 cells during object memory acquisition improves future object recognition through MCH-receptor-dependent pathways. These results provide causal evidence that object-associated signals in genetically distinct but interconnected hypothalamic neurons differentially control whether the brain forms object memories. This gating of memory formation by hypothalamic activity establishes appropriate behavioral responses to novel and familiar objects.
An asymmetric allelic interaction drives allele transmission bias in interspecific rice hybrids
Authors: Xie Yongyao , Tang Jintao , Xie Xianrong , Li Xiaojuan , Huang Jianle , Fei Yue , Han Jingluan , Chen Shuifu , Tang Huiwu , Zhao Xiucai , Tao Dayun , Xu Peng , Liu Yao-Guang , Chen Letian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHybrid sterility (HS) between Oryza sativa (Asian rice) and O. glaberrima (African rice) is mainly controlled by the S1 locus. However, our limited understanding of the HS mechanism hampers utilization of the strong interspecific heterosis. Here, we show that three closely linked genes (S1A4, S1TPR, and S1A6) in the African S1 allele (S1-g) constitute a killer-protector system that eliminates gametes carrying the Asian allele (S1-s). In Asian–African rice hybrids (S1-gS1-s), the S1TPR-S1A4-S1A6 interaction in sporophytic tissues generates an abortion signal to male and female gametes. However, S1TPR can rescue S1-g gametes, while the S1-s gametes selectively abort for lacking S1TPR. Knockout of any of the S1-g genes eliminates the HS. Evolutionary analysis suggests that S1 may have arisen from newly evolved genes, multi-step recombination, and nucleotide variations. Our findings will help to overcome the interspecific reproductive barrier and use Asian–African hybrids for increasing rice production.
Superconducting phase diagram of H3S under high magnetic fields
Authors: Mozaffari Shirin , Sun Dan , Minkov Vasily S. , Drozdov Alexander P. , Knyazev Dmitry , Betts Jonathan B. , Einaga Mari , Shimizu Katsuya , Eremets Mikhail I. , Balicas Luis , Balakirev Fedor F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe discovery of superconductivity at 260 K in hydrogen-rich compounds like LaH10 re-invigorated the quest for room temperature superconductivity. Here, we report the temperature dependence of the upper critical fields μ0Hc2(T) of superconducting H3S under a record-high combination of applied pressures up to 160 GPa and fields up to 65 T. We find that Hc2(T) displays a linear dependence on temperature over an extended range as found in multigap or in strongly-coupled superconductors, thus deviating from conventional Werthamer, Helfand, and Hohenberg (WHH) formalism. The best fit of Hc2(T) to the WHH formalism yields negligible values for the Maki parameter α and the spin–orbit scattering constant λSO. However, Hc2(T) is well-described by a model based on strong coupling superconductivity with a coupling constant λ ~ 2. We conclude that H3S behaves as a strong-coupled orbital-limited superconductor over the entire range of temperatures and fields used for our measurements.
Implementation of genomics in medical practice to deliver precision medicine for an Asian population
Authors: Bylstra Yasmin , Davila Sonia , Lim Weng Khong , Wu Ryanne , Teo Jing Xian , Kam Sylvia , Lysaght Tamra , Rozen Steve , Teh Bin Tean , Yeo Khung Keong , Cook Stuart A. , Tan Patrick , Jamuar Saumya Shekhar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhilst the underlying principles of precision medicine are comparable across the globe, genomic references, health practices, costs and discrimination policies differ in Asian settings compared to the reported initiatives involving European-derived populations. We have addressed these variables by developing an evolving reference base of genomic and phenotypic data and a framework to return medically significant variants to consenting research participants applicable for the Asian context. Targeting 10,000 participants, over 2000 Singaporeans, with no known pre-existing health conditions, have consented to an extensive clinical health screen, family health history collection, genome sequencing and ongoing follow-up. Genomic variants in a subset of genes associated with Mendelian disorders and drug responses are analysed using an in-house bioinformatics pipeline. A multidisciplinary team reviews the classification of variants and a research report is generated. Medically significant variants are returned to consenting participants through a bespoke return-of-result genomics clinic. Variant validation and subsequent clinical referral are advised as appropriate. The design and implementation of this flexible learning framework enables a cohort of detailed phenotyping and genotyping of healthy Singaporeans to be established and the frequency of disease-causing variants in this population to be determined. Our findings will contribute to international precision medicine initiatives, bridging gaps with ethnic-specific data and insights from this understudied population.
Bioactivity of the Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil and its terpenoid constituents on the predatory bug, Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Brügger Bruno Pandelo , Martínez Luis Carlos , Plata-Rueda Angelica , Castro Barbara Monteiro de Castro e , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanuncio José Cola 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPodisus nigrispinus Dallas (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), released in biological control programs, is a predator of Lepidopteran and Coleopteran species. Lemongrass essential oil and its constituents can be toxic to this natural enemy. The major constituents of lemongrass essential oil are neral (31.5%), citral (26.1%), and geranyl acetate (2.27%). Six concentrations of lemongrass essential oil and of its citral and geranyl acetate constituents were applied to the thorax of P. nigrispinus nymphs and adults. The walking and respiratory behavior of the P. nigrispinus third-instar nymphs, treated with citral and geranyl acetate at the LD50 and LD90 doses, were analyzed with video and respirometer. The lemongrass essential oil toxicity increased from first- to fifth-instar P. nigrispinus nymphs. The P. nigrispinus respiration rates (μL de CO2 h−1/insect) with citral and geranyl acetate in the LD50 and LD90 differed. Nymphs exposed to the lemongrass essential oil and its constituents on treated surfaces presented irritability or were repelled. Podisus nigrispinus adults were tolerant to the lemongrass essential oil and its constituents, geranyl acetate and citral. The altered respiratory activity with geranyl acetate and the fact that they were irritated and repelled by citral suggest caution with regard to the use of the lemongrass essential oil and its constituents in integrated pest management incorporating this predator, in order to avoid diminishing its efficiency against the pests.
Towards a light driven molecular assembler
Authors: Sell Hanno , Gehl Anika , Plaul Daniel , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Schütt Christian , Köhler Felix , Steinborn Kim , Herges Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChemists usually synthesize molecules using stochastic bond-forming collisions of the reactant molecules in solution. Nature follows a different strategy in biochemical synthesis. The majority of biochemical reactions are driven by machine-type protein complexes that bind and position the reactive molecules for selective transformations. Artificial “molecular assemblers” performing “mechanosynthesis” have been proposed as a new paradigm in chemistry and nanofabrication. Here we present a simple non-proteinogenic machine-type molecule which drives the endergonic condensation of vanadate to cyclic tetravanadate using light as the energy source. The system combines selective binding of the reactants, accurate positioning, and active release of the product. Hydrolysis of the product prevents inhibition of further cycles. Our prototypic system demonstrates the prerequisites that are needed to selectively drive an endergonic reaction using an external energy source.
Calcium ion implicitly modulates the adsorption ability of ion-dependent type II antifreeze proteins on an ice/water interface: a structural insight
Authors: Chakraborty Sandipan , Jana Biman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIon dependent type II antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are an unusual design of natural evolution for cold-acclimatization of fishes in the Antarctic region. This class of proteins requires Ca2+ to perform an unusual biological recognition, binding to a specific ice plane. However, an ice–protein complex is yet to be characterized at the molecular scale. Here, using equilibrium simulations, free energy calculations and metadynamics, we have elucidated this unusual ice recognition phenomenon at the atomistic level. The origin of ion selectivity has been critically investigated to identify the role of different ions in the dynamics and ice binding ability of the protein. We have demonstrated that within the type II protein matrix, the preferred coordination number of Ca2+ is seven involving five protein atoms and two water molecules. Due to this coordination geometry, the ion binding loop adopts a flat solvent exposed conformation which helps the AFP to efficiently adsorb on the prism plane. The ice binding surface (IBS) adsorbs on the ice surface mediated by a layer of ordered water. Structural synergy between the ice/water interface of the prism plane and the water structure around the IBS makes the adsorption highly favorable. On the other hand, the preferred geometry of the Zn2+ coordination sphere within the AFP matrix is tetrahedral. Both the coordination number and the coordination bond length are smaller for Zn2+ in comparison to Ca2+. Thus to optimize the coordination sphere for Zn2+ within the protein matrix, a kink is introduced in the ion binding loop, a part of the IBS. Therefore, the IBS and ice surface complementarity is greatly perturbed which leads to less effective adsorption.
FEZF1-AS1: a novel vital oncogenic lncRNA in multiple human malignancies
Authors: Shi Changlong , Sun Li , Song Yongsheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) refer to the RNA with a length of &gt;200 nucleotides, which lack or have no open reading coding frame and have higher tissue and organ specificity compared with the protein coding genes. A surging number of studies have shown that lncRNA is involved in numerous essential regulatory processes, such as X chromosome silencing, genomic imprinting, chromatin modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference and nuclear transport, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of human malignancies. FEZ family Zinc Finger 1-Antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) of FEZ family is a recently discovered lncRNA. FEZF1-AS1 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and other human malignancies, and is associated with poor prognosis. As an oncogene, it plays crucial role in the proliferation, migration, invasion and Warburg effect of various tumor cells. In addition, FEZF1-AS1 is also involved in the regulation of multiple signal pathways such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Wnt/ β-catenin. In this paper, the recent research progress of FEZF1-AS1 in tumorigenesis and development is reviewed systematically.
Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations
Authors: Virtanen I. O. I. , Virtanen I. I. , Pevtsov A. A. , Bertello L. , Yeates A. , Mursula K. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. The evolution of the photospheric magnetic field has only been regularly observed since the 1970s. The absence of earlier observations severely limits our ability to understand the long-term evolution of solar magnetic fields, especially the polar fields that are important drivers of space weather. Here, we test the possibility to reconstruct the large-scale solar magnetic fields from Ca II K line observations and sunspot magnetic field observations, and to create synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field for times before modern-time magnetographic observations.
Methods. We reconstructed active regions from Ca II K line synoptic maps and assigned them magnetic polarities using sunspot magnetic field observations. We used the reconstructed active regions as input in a surface flux transport simulation to produce synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field. We compared the simulated field with the observed field in 1975−1985 in order to test and validate our method.
Results. The reconstruction very accurately reproduces the long-term evolution of the large-scale field, including the poleward flux surges and the strength of polar fields. The reconstruction has slightly less emerging flux because a few weak active regions are missing, but it includes the large active regions that are the most important for the large-scale evolution of the field. Although our reconstruction method is very robust, individual reconstructed active regions may be slightly inaccurate in terms of area, total flux, or polarity, which leads to some uncertainty in the simulation. However, due to the randomness of these inaccuracies and the lack of long-term memory in the simulation, these problems do not significantly affect the long-term evolution of the large-scale field.