bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propuestas para la edición del epitafio en verso de Auspicio: exemtum terris inmiscuit astris
Authors: González-Berdús Victoria 
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo ofrece algunos apuntes para la interpretación del epitafio en verso de Auspicio, procedente de la Galia Bélgica. La pieza destaca entre lo conservado de la epigrafía funeraria de esta provincia por su calidad artística. El enfoque filológico de nuestro análisis será determinante para proponer o descartar restituciones, lo que en última instancia conducirá a una mejor comprensión de los pasajes más oscuros del carmen.
Social Housing as a State-Funded Mega Project: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Apostolos Kyriazis , Balasis Evgenios , Patsavos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2018

There are many kinds of war. They span from typical military conflicts to socially and politically charged environments, from fiscal colonization to ghostly wars about information and the internet. But what about the fear of a possible war? Could housing initiatives be connected to that? What kind of design methods and standards as well as processes would that specific case entail? What other factors would add pressure to studying and implementing housing projects in this context? What could be the possible measure of such projects’ eventual assessment?
This paper is based on the assumption that fear of a spreading of the Arab Spring in the Saudi Kingdom triggered a massive state-funded housing project. The ambitious case of Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Housing (MoH) will be discussed and gradually unfolded within its social, cultural, economic, and technical-design conditions. The project’s development is discussed both before its launch-conceptualization and throughout its implementation. The original insight given stems from the authors’ participation as lead urban planners in one of the major companies awarded the project.
Zeolite and Charcoal as Potential Adsorbents in Tubs of Oxydation Ditch I and Oxydation Ditch II at Water Treatment and Composting Plant (WTCP) PT. Djarum Kudus
Authors: Kharismawati Rissa , Prasetyo Redi Joko , Astuti Yayuk 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to determine the mass of zeolite and charcoal required as lime nutrient adsorbent (Ca(OH)2) in reducing pH, TSS, COD, and SV values in tubs of oxidation of ditches I and II in Water Treatment and Composting Plant (WTCP) PT. Djarum Kudus with the principle of adsorption. The methods used were jar test and spectrophotometry. The adsorbents used were chalk (Ca(OH)2), zeolite, and charcoal added to the tub samples of oxydation ditch I and oxidation ditch II by variation of mass for every adsorbent, that were 2 gram, 4 gram and 6 gram. The results showed that zeolite and charcoal were more effective than charchoal in lowering pH, COD, TSS and SV values in tubs of oxidation ditches I and II on the addition of 6 gram in 500 ml of sample.
Taxonomic Approach for Species Diversity of Yeasts and Yeasts-like Fungi through D1/D2 Region of Large Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequences
Authors: Sumerta I Nyoman , Kanti Atit 
Published: May 2018

The identification of yeasts or yeasts-like fungi and verify their diversity are principal aspect for bioindustry and ecosystem sustainability. Taxonomic approach provides identification tool to ensure the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi which definitely set to utilization concerns. The aim of this study is to understanding the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi from the distinctive of its sequences relationship. Yeasts and yeasts-like fungi strains were isolated through various culture dependent methods from natural resources samples of Karimun Besar Island, Province of Riau Islands, Indonesia. The identification process was performed through amplifying the accurate DNA-based in D1/D2 region of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. As the result, a total of 85 isolates of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi were obtained with 16 closest related taxa through phylogenetic tree construction. Ascomycetous was the predominating group representing 91% of the total isolates sequences followed by Basidiomycetous (8%) and Zygomycetous (1%). The black yeasts (yeasts-like) known as Aureobasidium melanogenum was predominant species with represent to 54% of total isolates and present in particular habitat. Taxonomically, there are six isolates are represent to be novel taxa candidates which pretend to enhance genetic resources of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi especially from Indonesia. In addition, this information provides specific technique to reach specific yeasts or yeasts-like fungi species in nature by managing the sample collection and culture methods.
Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Dewi Pramesti , Indrati Retno , Millati Ria , Sardjono Sardjono 
Published: May 2018

Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and spores’ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study provide information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.
The Role of Acetylcholine Esterase in Resistance Mechanism of Plutella xylostella to Emamektin Benzoate
Authors: Tarwotjo Udi , Rahadian Rully 
Published: May 2018

One of the resistance mechanism of P. xylostellato emamektin benzoate is target insensitivity which is acetylcholine esterase that responsible for resistance occurrence. The objective of this study was to determine the role of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance mechanism of P. xylostella population to emamektin benzoate. For enzyme activity analysis, larvae homogenate of the third instar of P. xylostella was prepared. The number of insects required for each scour is 1 for each field population. The protein content in P. xylostella homogenate was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Non-specific esterase activity with an absorption rate was read using ELISA reader tool with λ = 450 nm. The inhibition level of acetylcholinesterase activity by emamectin benzoate in the tested population was 36.84%. The highest inhibition occurs in Puasan (Ngablak) population. The result shows that a α-naphthyl acetate substrate was used so that it was recorded as non-specific esterase activity and did not exhibit esterase activity which specifically describes emamectin benzoate. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity of either α or β-naphthyl acetate substances to benzoic emamectin in the tested population most of the population was still susceptible. On α-naphthyl acetate substrate, the highest absorbance value found in susceptible population to benzoate emamectin (0.773), while the lowest found in Babrik (Ngablak) population (0.083).
Screening Endophytes of Neem Leaf that Potential Anti-Anthrax through Tests of Anti Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Ananda Khuzyia Rizqi Triavi , Sunarno Sunarno , Zulfikar Muhamad Fikri , Avisha Hafsah , Nastain Muhamad , Abdullah Ridwan 
Published: May 2018

Anthrax is a deadly disease caused by Bacillus antracis that damages the lymphatic and vascular systems of animals and humans. Anthrax prevention in Indonesia has been done but has many shortcomings among them is a lot of dead animal raises after vaccination and relatively expensive. The azadirachtin bioactive compound produced by neem endophytic microbes is known to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis bacteria, thus potentially as an anti-anthrax agent. Other bacteria that have the same pathogens as B. antrachis are Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so that it is used as a research object. The aim of this research is to obtain the active biomaterials from selected neem leaf endophytes to be tested in S. aureus MRSA as bacteria with Anthrax pathogens. The method used in this research is the isolation, selection, and extraction of Neem endophytes. The process of isolation is done by growing on the general media and the selection process on special media. The bioactive extraction process uses 1000 rpm centrifuge and screening on MRSA culture medium. Inhibitory zone tests were used to determine the effect of endophytic biopsy in inhibiting MRSA growth. The result of the research is that the bioactive endophytes of neem are able to inhibit MRSA growth which is characterized by the formation of drag zone around the endophytic bioactive. Thus it can be concluded that the use of neem endophytes can be a new solution to eradicate the presence of anthrax disease in the livestock and people in Indonesia with safe research methods, relatively inexpensive and ineffective vaccine replacements.
The Effect of Strong Purifying Selection on Genetic Diversity
Authors: Cvijović Ivana , Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNegative selection is a ubiquitous evolutionary force, but its effects on diversity in large samples are poorly understood. Cvijović, Good, and Desai obtain simple analytical expressions for the whole population site frequency spectrum....Purifying selection reduces genetic diversity, both at sites under direct selection and at linked neutral sites. This process, known as background selection, is thought to play an important role in shaping genomic diversity in natural populations. Yet despite its importance, the effects of background selection are not fully understood. Previous theoretical analyses of this process have taken a backward-time approach based on the structured coalescent. While they provide some insight, these methods are either limited to very small samples or are computationally prohibitive. Here, we present a new forward-time analysis of the trajectories of both neutral and deleterious mutations at a nonrecombining locus. We find that strong purifying selection leads to remarkably rich dynamics: neutral mutations can exhibit sweep-like behavior, and deleterious mutations can reach substantial frequencies even when they are guaranteed to eventually go extinct. Our analysis of these dynamics allows us to calculate analytical expressions for the full site frequency spectrum. We find that whenever background selection is strong enough to lead to a reduction in genetic diversity, it also results in substantial distortions to the site frequency spectrum, which can mimic the effects of population expansions or positive selection. Because these distortions are most pronounced in the low and high frequency ends of the spectrum, they become particularly important in larger samples, but may have small effects in smaller samples. We also apply our forward-time framework to calculate other quantities, such as the ultimate fates of polymorphisms or the fitnesses of their ancestral backgrounds.
Safety of Oral Propranolol for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Droitcourt Catherine , Kerbrat Sandrine , Rault Caroline , Botrel Marie-Anne , Happe André , Garlantezec Ronan , Guillot Bernard , Schleich Jean-Marc , Oger Emmanuel , Dupuy Alain 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:
The safety of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma has not yet been studied at population level since the pediatric use marketing authorization was obtained in Europe.

METHODS:
A survey of a nationwide, claim-based observational cohort of children &lt;3 years old, with at least 1 delivery of oral propranolol between July 2014 and June 2016, was performed by using the database of the French National Health Insurance system. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated by using, from the same database, a representative random sample of nonexposed subjects. The main outcomes were hospitalizations for cardiovascular (conduction disorders, bradycardia, and hypotension), respiratory (bronchial hyperactivity and bronchospasm), or metabolic events (hypoglycemia and hyperkalaemia), identified through the hospitalization diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The main analysis was conducted separately on “healthy” children (N = 1484), that is, free from of any prespecified underlying disease and on children with 1 of these underlying diseases (N = 269).

RESULTS:
In all, 1753 patients &lt;3 years of age had at least 2 deliveries of oral propranolol. In the healthy population, we observed 2 cardiovascular events (SMR = 2.8 [0–6.7]), 51 respiratory events (SMR = 1.7 [1.2–2.1]), and 3 metabolic events (SMR = 5.1 [0–10.9]). In the population with an underlying disease (mainly congenital heart disease), we observed 11 cardiovascular events leading to an SMR of 6.0 (2.5–9.6). SMRs were not significantly raised for respiratory or metabolic events in this “nonhealthy” population.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study on a large continuous nationwide claims database, we confirm the safety profile of oral propranolol in healthy children to be good.
Las bases de datos como herramienta para la investigación histórica
Authors: Malavassi Aguilar Ana Paulina 
Published: May 2018

El propósito de estas notas introductorias consiste en presentar someramente las bondades y las posibles limitaciones que implica el uso de bases de datos para la investigación histórica, para finalizar exponiendo, in extenso, un producto construido con base en el levantamiento de diversas fuentes primarias.
Curva de crecimiento poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda en maíz en Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Martínez Jaime Oscar Alejandro , Salas Araiza Manuel Darío , Díaz García José Antonio 
Published: May 2018

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. The objective of the study was to obtain the population growth curve (and its estimation) of the adults of S. frugiperda in the maize crop in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Applying the multiple regression technique, the functional form of a third-degree polynomial was obtained, in terms of temperature and precipitation, using the monthly averages available from 1993 to 2002. The estimated equation was: Y = 821.347 – 104.728T + 2.737P + 3.448T2 – 0.019P2 – 0.180TP + 0.001TP2 (1), where T was the average monthly mean temperature, P was the average monthly accumulated precipitation, and Y was the average of adults of S. frugiperda per month. In addition, using standard mathematical programming techniques, the critical temperature and the critical precipitation were calculated (T=13.70 °C, P=38.70 mm) obtaining the average of maximum number of individuals of this specie per month, which was 39 adults. The prediction model (1) provided information to reach deep understanding of the fluctuation of this species population, and contributed, therefore, to make the integrated pest management in maize crop more efficient, in the region of “El Bajío” of Guanajuato.
Comportamiento agronómico y productivo de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía
Authors: Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo , Ray Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Arias Pérez Ramón Crucito , Cruz Tejeda José Marcelino , Rosell Alonso Guiselle , Reyes Pérez Juan José 
Published: May 2018

The productivity of pastures and forage is increasingly limited due to climate variability and prolonged drought periods. For that reason, it is necessary to cultivate plants that are tolerant and productive under conditions of seasonal drought. The objective of this work was to characterize the agronomic and productive performance of new drought tolerantCenchrus purpureus cultivars. Three cultivars (CT-601, CT-603, and CT-605) were used at different regrowth ages (60, 80, 100, and 120 days) in two climatic periods: rainfall and low rainfall from 2013 to 2014 in a representative ecosystem of Cauto Valley, Cuba. The cultivars were grown on Vertisol and were fertilized with organic fertilizer at a rate of 25 t/ha. Some agronomic variables and dry matter (DM) yield (t/ha) were evaluated under rainfed conditions. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement and its interaction (3x4x2) was used. DM yield was affected by the second order interaction, during the period of rainfall, CT-605 at the age of 120 days reached the best average (p≤0.001) and during the period of low rainfall, CT-603 and CT-605 were highlighted (p≤0.001). Weather-season interaction on cultivars had a significantly positive impact (p≤0.001) on the length of leaves of CT-601 in the period of rainfall. CT-605 increased (p≤0.001) the percentage of leaves and green stems in the period of rainfall, superscripts were equalized in the dry season. Cultivars showed an acceptable DM yield during the low rainfall period, morphological changes neither affected the development nor the productivity.
COOPERAÇÃO JURÍDICA INTERNACIONAL: DO AUXÍLIO DIRETO NA PERSECUÇÃO DE CRIMES DE LAVAGEM DE CAPITAIS
Authors: Lemos Jordan Tomazelli , Zaganelli Margareth Vetis 
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem por intencionalidade analisar os mecanismos jurídicos internacionais que objetivam a eficácia da persecução penal em crimes de lavagem ou ocultação de bens, direitos ou valores, condutas delituosas tipificadas na lei nº 9.613/1998. Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica, aborda inicialmente as consequências da lavagem de capitais, de caráter transnacional. A seguir, descrevem-se os mecanismos e a base legal da cooperação internacional que visam interromper o exaurimento das fases que envolvem a ocultação e a reinserção de produto de crime no mercado financeiro. O trabalho ressalta a importância do auxílio direto na eficácia das medidas assecuratórias, em que os órgãos competentes, por meio da Autoridade Central, colaboram a fim de garantir os efeitos genéricos da condenação.
GEMİADAMLARININ İDARİ CEZA ALMALARINI GEREKTİREN MESLEKİ HATA VE UYGUNSUZLUKLARIN BAHP YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ünal 
Published: May 2018

Deniz
ticareti birçok sistem ve yapıyı bünyesinde bulunduran ülkelerin ekonomik
gelişmelerinde öncü olarak işleyen bir faaliyetler bütünüdür. Bu sistemin
oldukça önemli bir bileşenini ise gemiadamları oluşturmaktadır. Gemiadamlarının
performans ve kalitesi denizcilik sektörünün kalitesini doğrudan etkileyen oldukça
önemli bir parametredir. Bu noktadan yola çıkılarak çalışmada gemiadamlarına
uygulanacak idari yaptırımlara ilişkin yönerge kapsamında iş yaşantıları
süresince yapmış oldukları veya yapabilecekleri mesleki hatalar nicel bir
yaklaşım yöntemi ile değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu şekilde, Türk gemiadamlarının
görev ihmallerinde en fazla hangi hatayı yapma eğiliminde olduklarına ilişkin
görüşler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, gemiadamlarının çalışmada bahsi
geçen uygunsuz eylemlere olan yatkınlığı ile bu durumların gemi ve hukuki
açıdan karşılaşılma sıklığına yönelik bir analiz yapılması da sağlanmıştır. &nbsp;Çalışmanın verilerinin analizi için bulanık
Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) Tekniklerinden birisi olan AHP (Analytic Hierarchy
Process) yönteminden yararlanılmıştır.

&nbsp;
Do Palliative Steroids Prolong Survival in Dogs With Multicentric Lymphoma?
Authors: Knottenbelt Clare M 
Published: May 2018

<p><strong>PICO question</strong></p><p>In dogs with naturally occurring multicentric B cell lymphoma does treatment with glucocorticoids alone extend survival time when compared to no treatment?</p><p><strong>Clinical bottom line </strong></p><p>There is weak evidence, due to insufficient studies with untreated control groups, regarding the impact on survival of prednisolone treatment in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.</p><p>From the papers identified from the search functions used for the clinical question remission in uncontrolled trials was reported following prednisolone treatment. Details of which can be found in other sections of this paper.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />
In an Adult Horse With Severe Asthma (Previously Recurrent Airway Obstruction) Does Using Inhaled Corticosteroids Result in an Equal Improvement in Clinical Signs When Compared to Systemic Corticosteroids?
Authors: Jocelyn Natasha A 
Published: May 2018

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In an adult horse with severe asthma (previously recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)) does using inhaled corticosteroids result in an equal improvement in clinical signs when compared to systemic corticosteroids?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the 4 papers identified is high. This suggests inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone and beclomethasone) when used at an appropriate dose can have equivalent effects on severe equine asthma as systemic intravenous dexamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids can take longer to have the desired effects. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />
Comparación experimental entre el mínimo separable y el mínimo legible de Snellen
Authors: Merchán de Mendoza Gabriel 
Published: May 2018

Los optotipos de Snellen, comúnmente usados para determinar la agudeza visual en la consulta ordinaria de optometría, son así mismo utilizados para evaluar los resultados de las diferentes cirugías refractivas. Si bien en el primer caso son adecuados, es posible que no lo sean tanto para el segundo, por lo cual conviene ir a los fundamentos en que se basan los diseños de Snellen como son el mínimo separable y el mínimo legible. Objetivo: establecer una comparación entre el mínimo separable y el mínimo legible en una población de personas con problemas indeterminados de la visión de grado bajo o medio. Metodología: 24 ojos de personas entre 7 y 60 años de edad con estados refractivos indeterminados, fueron escogidos para realizar la comparación consistente, en primer término, en la observación de dos pequeños puntos luminosos (0,3 mm diámetro) separados por una distancia gradualmente variable, para reportar el momento en que puedan ser diferenciados y, en segundo término, para la medición de la agudeza visual con optotipos Snellen. Resultados: se realizó un análisis estadístico de las dos muestras pareadas con nivel de confianza de 95% (alfa 5%). Conclusiones: la hipótesis nula que establece que el promedio de mediciones de agudeza visual con los optotipos Snellen es igual al promedio de mediciones con la separación entre los puntos luminosos no puede ser rechazada.