bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study on the effect of rocket plume to the jet flow deflector in liquid rocket engine test stage
Authors: Ding Jiawei , Liu Yongwei , He Hong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Jet flow deflector is one of the most important facility in liquid rocket engine test stage. It is necessary to investigate the effect of rocket plume to the jet flow deflector. Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics, the flow field of a rocket engine plume is simulated and analysed by numerical method. The velocity field and temperature field of the plume in rocket engine test are obtained. The structural characteristics of engine plume flow field and the impact effect on flow deflector are analysed. Finally, results are applied to the thermal protection design of the test stage.
Estimating an Optimal Multiple Savonius Wind Turbines Layout by CFD Velocity Pattern Analysis
Authors: Zakaria Ahmad , Nizam Ibrahim Mohd Shahrul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Proper arrangement of multiple VAWT turbines has been known to have increased the overall power efficiency. The challenge is how to optimally place each turbine within a given location such that the overall performance is improved. This paper presents a methodology by which the placement of individual turbine is determined by the location of vortices created by the upstream turbine. This analysis is carried out by using commercial CFD solver via sliding mesh approach. To clearly observe the creation of wake and vortices by an isolated Savonius turbine, the extra fine mesh was defined outside the rotating zone of the computational domain. The resulted velocity pattern generated shows an area of the high vortex created at the tip of advancing blade at a certain rotor angle. However, the returning blade generates a weaker vortex. The placement of consecutive Savonius wind turbine is, therefore, should be at an angle ranges between 20° to 90° with respect to the advancing blade of the upstream turbine. The analyses on two-turbine, three-turbines and nine turbines in V formation have shown an improvement up to 11% in the overall power efficiency.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Groundwater Pollution Remediation
Authors: Li Yan , Luo Yuhu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics is widely used in scientific research in various fields. This paper introduces the basic principles of computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation calculation, and summarizes the simulation analysis of pollutant migration and diffusion in the surface underwater-groundwater recharge process, the mainstream fluid numerical model characteristics and the application of groundwater pollution control and restoration. It provides a reference for the selection of numerical models in groundwater pollution survey simulation and control restoration research.
Lead dust removal using electrostatic agglomeration
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Mingjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns) emitted from non-ferrous metal smelting is a significant contribution to variety of heavy metals in the atmosphere. Previous studies found that, Pb, as and its oxide is mainly concentrated in PM2.5, or even PM1.0, which is seriously harmful to human health. The concern about fine particle emissions created a new problem to develop new methods to improve fine particle removal efficiency. Electrostatic agglomeration is one effective method to overcome the problem. In this study, chemical properties and size distribution of lead smelting dust was analyzed, and removal efficiency of fine particles in lead dust was tested using AC electrostatic agglomeration.
Natural frequency analysis of curved pipe conveying non-uniform axial flow
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhao Yuzhen , Liu Yongshou , Guo Qing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this article, the natural frequencies of curved pipe conveying non-uniform axial flow are calculated. The non-uniformity of velocity distribution on the section is considered and the parabola fluid is adopted in the section. The Flügge curved beam is used to build the pipe model. The dynamic equation of pipe conveying non-uniform fluid is derived based on Hamilton principle. The wave propagation method is used to solve the equation. With different flow velocity, the natural frequency is computed in the assumption of non-uniform fluid and uniform fluid. Compared with the uniform fluid, the non-uniform fluid will have a higher frequency value.
The Pressure Pulsation and Spectrum Analysis of Ducted Propeller Based on SST k-ω model
Authors: Wang Yue , Ren Wanlong , Liu Gang , Liu Jin , Xu Juan , Hao Zongrui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The pressure pulsation and spectrum of the four-blade ducted propeller are numerical simulated by CFD method. The flow field inside and behind the propeller is analysed by using SST k-ω Model. On the basis of the flow field, an acoustic grid is built. By setting several monitoring points in the area behind the propeller, the pressure pulsation in these points are recorded. Time domain curves of pressure pulsation in different points show a similar changing circle. After Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), the blade passing frequency is calculated. The pulsation value near the hub is smaller than that at the tip of the blade. The fundamental frequencies of the pressure pulsations of the wake field are the same at different axial positions. The rotation of the blade has a great influence on the pressure pulsation near the blade. The pressure pulsation amplitude is larger near the propeller, and the amplitude at a far distance is smaller.
Study on High Thermal Conductivity of X-ray Anode with Composite Diamond Substrate
Authors: Li Xinwei , Zhang Pingwei , Li Ye , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The thermal loading capacity of the anode of a micro-focus X-ray source is an important factor to limit the output power. In this paper, a composite reflective anode model with a thick film diamond layer as the target substrate of X-ray source was proposed. With the advantage of high thermal conductivity of the diamond film, the heat accumulated in a micro-focus area can be quickly output, to improve the thermal loading capacity of the anode. A composite anode with diamond substrate was modeled and simulated with the finite element analysis method. By studying the principle of high thermal conductivity of composite anode in the numerical simulation and comparing the composite anode with copper substrate anode, the essential causes of the high thermal conductivity of the anode with diamond substrate were identified. The relevant technical parameters were obtained in the simulation and comparison, which can be used for the design of anode of micro-focus X-ray sources.
Beverage Container Collecting Machine Project
Authors: Tur A I , Kokoulin A N , Yuzhakov A A , Polygalov S V , Troegubov A S , Korotaev V N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article describes an integrated project for the collection and recycling of beverage containers (aluminum cans and plastic bottles) in a big city. Collection is proposed to be carried out with the help of a reverse vending machine (RVM). A RVM is a machine where people can return empty beverage containers, such as bottles and cans, for recycling. The installation of RVMs for collecting beverage containers faces difficulties in the Russian Federation due to the contradictions in the Act of the manufacturers’ extended responsibility. We offer a solution for automatic recycling of plastic and metal waste in combination with another mechanism of economic motivation of end users – a system of discounts and bonuses in large retail chains. The machine recognizes containers with a conventional camera, which allows reducing costs. Then special workshops produce more accurate sorting of containers and transfer them to processing companies for further disposal. Secondary raw materials can be reused, namely in the building and repair of automatic machines for beverage containers (internal aluminum structures and plastic parts printed on a 3D printer). This approach can significantly improve the economic efficiency of the project.
Factors of Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Above-ground Phytomass of the Predominate Plants of Urban Ecosystems of Kursk
Authors: Nevedrov N , Protsenko E , Saad Sabr 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the data on accumulation of heavy metals in the above-ground phytomass of common vegetation in urban ecosystems of Kursk. The accumulation of heavy metals by woody and grassy plants vegetating on soils of various genesis and structure of land-use experiencing contrast technogenic burden is studied. It is established that the priority element among heavy metals polluting plants is plumbum which exceeded limits of normal concentrations (norm) in 47% of samples which are taken in ecosystems of the city. Plants accumulators of manganese and zink are revealed. The proportion of the samples polluted by Pb in Tilia cordata Mill. in parks, squares and ecosites of Kursk reaches 100%. The role of two complex factors determining rates and volumes of deposition of plumbum in aboveground phytomass of common species of flora of Kursk is defined.
The sustainability of ecologically-friendly construction projects in the Arctic territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsurkan M , Serditova N , Vorotnikov A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article is aimed at developing the approach to evaluation of construction projects with respect to ecological, economic, and social constituent of “sustainability”. The methods of implementation of the ecologically-friendly construction projects in Russia’s Arctic zone based on the geographic and climatic peculiarities are proposed. The definitions of “sustainability of ecologically-friendly construction projects’ results” and “sustainability of ecologically-friendly construction projects” are provided, and the difference between the terms is explained.
Tourism and Sustainable Development in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Vorotnikov A , Maximova D , Tarasov B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The promotion of ecologically safe types of tourist activity in the Russian Arctic is a promising area. However, for this sector to develop, it will be necessary to use international experience and create systems of state support on the principles of public-private partnership. This paper aimed to present the need for public-private partnership as an essential tool for developing the tourism and recreational sector for sustainable development in the Russian Arctic. Only through the joint efforts of the state and business will it be possible to preserve wealth and ensure sustainable development of the region. Tourism could allow both full uses of such a powerful economic resource as the environment of the Arctic and preserve its fragile nature. At present, tourism in the Russian Arctic is developing poorly. But climate change leads to the development of Arctic tourism, which must be sustainable in order not to harm the fragile nature of this harsh region.
Heterogeneous spring phenology shifts affected by climate: supportive evidence from two remotely sensed vegetation indices
Authors: Xu Xiyan , Riley William J , Koven Charles D , Jia Gensuo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Northern Hemisphere spring greenup (SG) has advanced between 0–12 days per decade since early 1980s as inferred from multiple satellite time series. The wide range of SG shifts is mainly due to the fact that these studies cover different periods and regions, and using different satellite records. Assessing the spatial heterogeneity of SG trends associated with different satellites is essential for robustly interpreting phenological dynamics and their responses to climate. We investigated the heterogeneity of the SG trends and their responses to climate variability with two satellite products (1) Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and (2) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) over the period 2001–2013. Both MODIS and AVHRR agreed in showing the spatial distribution of mean SG, and SG advancement in northern Canada, the eastern United States, and Russia, and SG delay in western North America, parts of Baltic Europe, and East Asia. However, we identified contrasting MODIS and AVHRR SG trends in the northern high latitudes. Our analyses of correlations between SG and preseason climate drivers indicated that temperature dominated the interannual variability of SG. Preseason, the period preceding SG and highly correlated with the timing of SG has experienced much stronger warming than the spring season. MODIS and AVHRR indicated consistent temperature sensitivity of SG across biomes, even though the MODIS inferred SG is better correlated and more sensitive to temperature across biomes as compared to AVHRR. The sensitivities of SG to temperature across biomes is stable but with a slight increase over 2001–2013, in comparison with that over 1988–2000. The increased SG-temperature sensitivity is associated with increased precipitation during the spring season, which regulated the sensitivity of SG to spring temperature.
Learning from the ligand: using ligand-based features to improve binding affinity prediction
Authors: Boyles Fergus , Deane Charlotte M , Morris Garrett M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivationMachine learning scoring functions for protein–ligand binding affinity prediction have been found to consistently outperform classical scoring functions. Structure-based scoring functions for universal affinity prediction typically use features describing interactions derived from the protein–ligand complex, with limited information about the chemical or topological properties of the ligand itself.ResultsWe demonstrate that the performance of machine learning scoring functions are consistently improved by the inclusion of diverse ligand-based features. For example, a Random Forest (RF) combining the features of RF-Score v3 with RDKit molecular descriptors achieved Pearson correlation coefficients of up to 0.836, 0.780 and 0.821 on the PDBbind 2007, 2013 and 2016 core sets, respectively, compared to 0.790, 0.746 and 0.814 when using the features of RF-Score v3 alone. Excluding proteins and/or ligands that are similar to those in the test sets from the training set has a significant effect on scoring function performance, but does not remove the predictive power of ligand-based features. Furthermore a RF using only ligand-based features is predictive at a level similar to classical scoring functions and it appears to be predicting the mean binding affinity of a ligand for its protein targets.Availability and implementationData and code to reproduce all the results are freely available at http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/resources.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A latent unknown clustering integrating multi-omics data (LUCID) with phenotypic traits
Authors: Peng Cheng , Wang Jun , Asante Isaac , Louie Stan , Jin Ran , Chatzi Lida , Casey Graham , Thomas Duncan C , Conti David V 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivationEpidemiologic, clinical and translational studies are increasingly generating multiplatform omics data. Methods that can integrate across multiple high-dimensional data types while accounting for differential patterns are critical for uncovering novel associations and underlying relevant subgroups.ResultsWe propose an integrative model to estimate latent unknown clusters (LUCID) aiming to both distinguish unique genomic, exposure and informative biomarkers/omic effects while jointly estimating subgroups relevant to the outcome of interest. Simulation studies indicate that we can obtain consistent estimates reflective of the true simulated values, accurately estimate subgroups and recapitulate subgroup-specific effects. We also demonstrate the use of the integrated model for future prediction of risk subgroups and phenotypes. We apply this approach to two real data applications to highlight the integration of genomic, exposure and metabolomic data.Availability and ImplementationThe LUCID method is implemented through the LUCIDus R package available on CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=LUCIDus).Supplementary informationSupplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Progress in reducing child mortality and stunting in India: an application of the Lives Saved Tool
Authors: Alderman Harold , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Menon Purnima 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been used to estimate the impact of scaling up intervention coverage on undernutrition and mortality. Evidence for the model is largely based on efficacy trials, raising concerns of applicability to large-scale contexts. We modelled the impact of scaling up health programs in India between 2006 and 2016 and compared estimates to observed changes. Demographics, intervention coverage and nutritional status were obtained from National Family and Health Survey 2005–6 (NFHS-3) for the base year and NHFS-4 2015–16 for the endline. We used the LiST to estimate the impact of changes in coverage of interventions over this decade on child mortality and undernutrition at national and subnational levels and calculated the gap between estimated and observed changes in 2016. At the national level, the LiST estimates are close to the actual values of mortality for children <1 year and <5 years in 2016 (at 41 vs 42.6 and 50 vs 56.4, respectively, per 1000 live births). National estimates for stunting, wasting and anaemia at are also close to the actual values of NFHS-4. At the state level, actual changes were higher than the changes from the LiST projections for both mortality and stunting. The predicted changes using the LiST ranged from 33% to 92% of the actual change. The LiST provided national projections close to, albeit slightly below, actual performance over a decade. Reasons for poorer performance of state-specific projections are unknown; further refinements to the LiST for subnational use would improve the usefulness of the tool.
Tube Well Use as Protection Against Rotavirus Infection During the Monsoons in an Urban Setting
Authors: Martinez Pamela P , Mahmud Ayesha S , Yunus Mohammad , Faruque A S G , Ahmed Tahmeed , Pascual Mercedes , Buckee Caroline O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rotavirus, a diarrheal pathogen spread via fecal-oral transmission, is typically characterized by a winter incidence peak in most countries. Unlike for cholera and other waterborne infections, the role of sanitation and socioeconomic factors on the spatial variation of rotavirus seasonality remains unclear. In the current study, we analyzed their association with rotavirus seasonality, specifically the odds of monsoon cases, across 46 locations from 2001 to 2012 in Dhaka. Drinking water from tube wells, compared to other sources, has a clear protective effect against cases during the monsoon, when flooding and water contamination are more likely. This finding supports a significant environmental component of transmission.
Molecular correlates of cerebellar mutism syndrome in medulloblastoma
Authors: Jabarkheel Rashad , Amayiri Nisreen , Yecies Derek , Huang Yuhao , Toescu Sebastian , Nobre Liana , Mabbott Donald J , Sudhakar Sniya V , Malik Prateek , Laughlin Suzanne , Swaidan Maisa , Al Hussaini Maysa , Musharbash Awni , Chacko Geeta , Mathew Leni G , Fisher Paul G , Hargrave Darren , Bartels Ute , Tabori Uri , Pfister Stefan M , Aquilina Kristian , Taylor Michael D , Grant Gerald A , Bouffet Eric , Mankad Kshitij , Yeom Kristen W , Ramaswamy Vijay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a common complication following resection of posterior fossa tumors, most commonly after surgery for medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma subgroups have historically been treated as a single entity when assessing CMS risk; however, recent studies highlighting their clinical heterogeneity suggest the need for subgroup-specific analysis. Here, we examine a large international multicenter cohort of molecularly characterized medulloblastoma patients to assess predictors of CMS.MethodsWe assembled a cohort of 370 molecularly characterized medulloblastoma subjects with available neuroimaging from 5 sites globally, including Great Ormond Street Hospital, Christian Medical College and Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, King Hussein Cancer Center, and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital. Age at diagnosis, sex, tumor volume, and CMS development were assessed in addition to molecular subgroup.ResultsOverall, 23.8% of patients developed CMS. CMS patients were younger (mean difference −2.05 years ± 0.50, P = 0.0218) and had larger tumors (mean difference 10.25 cm3 ± 4.60, P = 0.0010) that were more often midline (odds ratio [OR] = 5.72, P < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, midline location, and tumor volume, Wingless (adjusted OR = 4.91, P = 0.0063), Group 3 (adjusted OR = 5.56, P = 0.0022), and Group 4 (adjusted OR = 8.57 P = 9.1 × 10−5) tumors were found to be independently associated with higher risk of CMS compared with sonic hedgehog tumors.ConclusionsMedulloblastoma subgroup is a very strong predictor of CMS development, independent of tumor volume and midline location. These findings have significant implications for management of both the tumor and CMS.
Similarities and Differences Between Sexes and Countries in the Mortality Imprint of the Smoking Epidemic in 34 Low-Mortality Countries, 1950–2014
Authors: Janssen Fanny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe smoking epidemic greatly affected mortality levels and trends, especially among men in low-mortality countries. The objective of this article was to examine similarities and differences between sexes and low-mortality countries in the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic. This will provide important additions to the smoking epidemic model, but also improve our understanding of the differential impact of the smoking epidemic, and provide insights into its future impact.MethodsUsing lung-cancer mortality data for 30 European and four North American or Australasian countries, smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) by sex, age (35–99), and year (1950–2014) were indirectly estimated. The timing and level of the peak in SAMF35-99, estimated using weighting and smoothing, were compared.ResultsAmong men in all countries except Bulgaria, a clear wave pattern was observed, with SAMF35-99 peaking, on average, at 33.4% in 1986. Eastern European men experienced the highest (40%) and Swedish men the lowest (16%) peak. Among women, SAMF35-99 peaked, on average, at 18.1% in 2007 in the North American/Australasian countries and five Northwestern European countries, and increased, on average, to 7.5% in 2014 in the remaining countries (4% in Southern and Eastern Europe). The average sex difference in the peak is at least 25.6 years in its timing and at most 22.9 percentage points in its level.ConclusionsAlthough the progression of smoking-attributable mortality in low-mortality countries was similar, there are important unexpected sex and country differences in the maximum mortality impact of the smoking epidemic driven by cross-country differences in economic, political, and emancipatory progress.ImplicationsThe formal, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of similarities and differences between sexes and 34 low-mortality countries in long-term time trends (1950–2014) in smoking-attributable mortality provided important additions to the Global Burden of Disease study and the descriptive smoking epidemic model (Lopez et al.). Despite a general increase followed by a decline, the timing of the maximum mortality impact differs more between sexes than previously anticipated, but less between regions. The maximum mortality impact among men differs considerably between countries. The observed substantial diversity warrants country-specific tobacco control interventions and increased attention to the current or expected higher smoking-attributable mortality shares among women compared to men.