bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Organizational Power of DNA Scaffolds for New Nanophotonic Applications
Authors: Bui Hieu , Díaz Sebastián A. , Fontana Jake , Chiriboga Matthew , Veneziano Remi , Medintz Igor L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapid development of DNA technology has provided a feasible route to creating nanoscale materials. DNA acts as a self‐assembled nanoscaffold capable of assuming any three‐dimensional shape. The ability to integrate dyes and new optical materials such as quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles precisely onto these architectures provides new ways to exploit their near‐ and far‐field interactions. A fundamental understanding of these optical processes will help drive development of next‐generation photonic nanomaterials. This review is focused on latest progress in DNA‐based photonic materials and highlights DNA scaffolds for rapidly assembling and prototyping nanoscale optical devices. Three areas are discussed including intrinsically active DNA structures displaying chiral properties, DNA scaffolds hosting plasmonic nanomaterials, and fluorophore‐labeled DNAs that engage in Förster resonance energy transfer and give rise to complex molecular photonic wires. An explanation of what is desired from these optical processes when harnessed sets the tone for what DNA scaffolds are providing toward each focus. Examples from the literature illustrate current progress along with a discussion of challenges to overcome for further improvements. Opportunities to integrate diverse classes of optically active molecules including light‐generating enzymes, fluorescent proteins, nanoclusters, and metal–chelates in new structural combinations on DNA scaffolds are also highlighted.
Immobilization of Enzymes in/on Membranes and their Applications
Authors: Cen Yu‐Ke , Liu Yu‐Xiao , Xue Ya‐Ping , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnzyme membrane reactors (EMRs) are becoming increasingly interesting for application in bioconversion processes in food processing, pharmaceutics, biorefinery and wastewater treatment. Integrating the highly efficient enzymatic reaction with selectable membrane separation technology, the EMRs are able to reduce product inhibition, improve the stability of the enzyme, increase the number of reaction cycles and sustainably separate products from biotransformation solutions. Generally, in EMRs, enzymes can be either free in the solution, immobilized on an additional carrier or immobilized directly in/on a porous structure of the membrane, of which the system with the enzyme immobilized directly in/on the membrane (EIM) is a relatively simple and most widely applied method. The EIM system not only facilitates recycling of the enzymes but also in many cases additionally enhances enzyme properties such as the stability and viability. A membrane with a porous structure is usually considered as a potential carrier for enzyme immobilization. A series of immobilization methods has been developed to fix the enzymes on the membranes. The purpose of this review is to systemically summarize the immobilization methods of enzymes in/on membranes and the applications of the EIM system for biocatalysis.magnified image
An Atom‐Economical Approach to 2‐Aryloxypyridines and 2,2′/2,3′‐Diaryloxybipyridines via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Kalaramna Pratibha , Bhatt Divya , Sharma Himanshu , Goswami Avijit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn efficient, ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed, solvent‐free approach for the synthesis of 2‐aryloxypyridines with good to excellent yields has been developed by the reaction of 1,6‐diynes with aryl cyanates. This atom‐economical catalytic strategy offers a mild and practical approach to access a variety of such cycloadducts with excellent regioselectivities. The protocol was further extended to the synthesis of 2,2′‐ and 2,3′‐diaryloxybipyridines by the reaction of tetraynes with aryl cyanates.magnified image
Adaptable Microporous Hydrogels of Propagating NGF‐Gradient by Injectable Building Blocks for Accelerated Axonal Outgrowth
Authors: Hsu Ru‐Siou , Chen Pei‐Yueh , Fang Jen‐Hung , Chen You‐Yin , Chang Chien‐Wen , Lu Yu‐Jen , Hu Shang‐Hsiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInjectable hydrogels in regeneration medicine can potentially mimic hierarchical natural living tissue and fill complexly shaped defects with minimally invasive implantation procedures. To achieve this goal, however, the versatile hydrogels that usually possess the nonporous structure and uncontrollable spatial agent release must overcome the difficulties in low cell‐penetrative rates of tissue regeneration. In this study, an adaptable microporous hydrogel (AMH) composed of microsized building blocks with opposite charges serves as an injectable matrix with interconnected pores and propagates gradient growth factor for spontaneous assembly into a complex shape in real time. By embedding gradient concentrations of growth factors into the building blocks, the propagated gradient of the nerve growth factor, integrated to the cell‐penetrative connected pores constructed by the building blocks in the nerve conduit, effectively promotes cell migration and induces dramatic bridging effects on peripheral nerve defects, achieving axon outgrowth of up to 4.7 mm and twofold axon fiber intensity in 4 days in vivo. Such AMHs with intrinsic properties of tunable mechanical properties, gradient propagation of biocues and effective induction of cell migration are potentially able to overcome the limitations of hydrogel‐mediated tissue regeneration in general and can possibly be used in clinical applications.
Place of origin of the sacrificial victims in the sacred Cenote, Chichén Itzá, Mexico
Authors: Price T. Douglas , Tiesler Vera , Freiwald Carolyn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe ancient city of Chichén Itzá in the northern Yucatán of Mexico was one of the most important in the Maya area, but its origins and history are poorly understood. A major question concerns the origins of the peoples who founded and later expanded the ancient city. Hundreds of people were ritually executed and their bodies thrown into the waters of the Sacred Cenote at Chichén.Materials and methodsIn this study, we use strontium and oxygen isotopes to study the place of origin of a large sample of these individuals. Isotopes are deposited in human tooth enamel. Enamel forms during the first years of life, remains largely unchanged long past death, and can provide a signature of the place of birth. If the isotope ratios in enamel are different from the place of death, the individual must have moved during his/her lifetime.ResultsComparison of our results from the cenote with information on isotope ratios across the Maya region and elsewhere suggests that the individuals in the cenote came from a number of different parts of Mexico and possibly beyond.DiscussionIt is not known if all of the sacrificial victims resided in Chichén Itzá, but their suggested origins likely reflect patterns of population movement and social networks that existed between Chichén Itzá and both neighboring and distant regions. Various lines of evidence point to places in the Yucatán, along the Gulf Coast, Central America, or even in the Central Highlands of Mexico.
Lewis Base/Brønsted Acid Co‐catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfenylation/Semipinacol Rearrangement of Di‐ and Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Xie Yu‐Yang , Chen Zhi‐Min , Luo Hui‐Yun , Shao Hui , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Bao Xiaoguang , Cao Ren‐Fei , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Tian Jin‐Miao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn enantioselective sulfenylation/semipinacol rearrangement of 1,1‐disubstituted and trisubstituted allylic alcohols was accomplished with a chiral Lewis base and a chiral Brønsted acid as cocatalysts, generating various β‐arylthio ketones bearing an all‐carbon quaternary center in moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. These chiral arylthio ketone products are common intermediates with many applications, for example, in the design of new chiral catalysts/ligands and the total synthesis of natural products. Computational studies (DFT calculations) were carried out to explain the enantioselectivity and the role of the chiral Brønsted acid. Additionally, the synthetic utility of this method was exemplified by an enantioselective total synthesis of (−)‐herbertene and a one‐pot synthesis of a chiral sulfoxide and sulfone.
Ultrasonic‐assisted synthesis of supramolecular copper (II) complex a precursor for the preparation of octahedron Cu2O nanoparticles applicable in the adsorption and photodegradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Razmara Zohreh , Poorsargol Mahdiyeh 
Published: July 2019

A copper (II) supramolecular coordination complex formulated as [Cu2(μ‐ox)2(pyz)3]n (1), (pyz = pyrazine and ox = oxalate) has been synthesized under ultrasound irradiation. 1 was characterized using various techniques such as elemental analyses, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD). A detailed magnetic characterization of complex 1 has been carried by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The M‐H hysteresis loop of 1 revealed a weak ferromagnetic behavior with the highest magnetization of 0.0123 emu/g at room temperature. Compound 1 was used as an inorganic precursor to prepare Cu2O nanoparticles through thermal decomposition at 600 °C. The obtained Cu2O has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of SEM showed octahedron Cu2O nanoparticles with the edge lengths from 5–80 nm. Also, the adsorption ability and the photocatalytic activity of octahedral Cu2O nanoparticles in the removal of rhodamine B (RB) have been investigated. The results showed that the obtained octahedral Cu2O nanoparticles are effective in adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B from contaminated water sources. The maximum adsorption capacity and degradation efficiency of Cu2O nanoparticles were 83.3 mg/g and 91.7%, respectively. It was also found that in comparison with the commercial Cu2O, our fabricated Cu2O nanoparticles exhibit higher catalytic activity.
Temperature effects on structural integrity of fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composites: A review
Authors: Pei Xiaoyuan , Han Wei , Ding Gang , Wang Menghua , Tang Youhong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composites (FRPMCs) are the most promising and valuable material developed in the last few decades. In response to the increased research and publications concerning the thermal stability of FRPMCs, this review has culled typical journals for publications relevant to structural stability. In this review, the effects of temperature on the structural integrity of FRPMCs are discussed from the perspective of matrix types, fiber types, nanoparticle (NP) modifications on resin matrix, and various related mechanical properties. For NP‐modified FRPMCs, characterization of all anisotropic properties under various strain rates and temperatures becomes essential for analysis, design, and numerical simulations. Improving the structural stability of FRPMCs at different temperatures is an important direction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48206.
Toughening polylactide by direct blending of cellulose nanocrystals and epoxidized soybean oil
Authors: Mahmud Sakil , Long Yu , Abu Taher Muhammad , Xiong Zhu , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhu Jin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPolylactide (PLA) is a bio‐based polymeric material which is earth abundant in nature. It also possesses abundant strength and stiffness making it a promising material for industrial applications. However, its brittle behavior is currently limiting research work on them. As such, an eco‐friendly blending approach is developed in this study in order to fabricate a ductile and toughen PLA composites using renewable bio‐based materials as a precursor. Specifically, PLA, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and frangible powder form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are melt blended to prepare the ternary composite system (PLA/CNC/ESO). During the composite routing, it is found out that the ESO successfully attached to the surface of CNC which in turn results in CNC/ESO mixtures in the PLA matrix. This intrinsic combination induces cavitation which consumes the energy produced under the stretching and impacting, resulting in the turning of the PLA's brittle phenomenon. In fact, a reasonable increase in the ductility is observed. The elongation and notched impact strength of the ternary nanocomposite are found to be ∼32% and ∼4.8 kJ m−2, respectively, which are comparatively higher than that of neat PLA or PLA/CNC composites. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses show that the ESO layer on CNC affects the thermal characteristics of PLA in the ternary composite while thermogravimetric analysis shows that there is an increase in the char yield of the composite. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the synthesis approach adopted here enables a mechanistically turning of the PLA's brittle phenomenon to ductile. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48221.
Preparation of thermoresponsive poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam‐co‐2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) nanogels via inverse miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Gao Feng , Mi Yifang , Wu Xinlei , Yao Jun , Qi Qi , Cao Zhihai 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTStimuli‐responsive polymeric nanogels hold great potential in biological applications. In this work, thermoresponsive polymeric nanogels were conveniently prepared through inverse miniemulsion polymerization of two monomers with a good biocompatibility, N‐vinylcaprolactam and 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate. A macromolecular crosslinker, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), was used to achieve a better thermoresponsiveness, compared with low‐molecular‐weight crosslinkers. The prepared poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam‐co‐2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (poly(NVCL‐co‐MEA)) nanogels could be well redispersed in aqueous systems, displaying a reversible thermoresponsive transition behavior. The influences of the synthesis parameters including the emulsifier content, PEGDMA content, and monomer composition on the particle properties of poly(NVCL‐co‐MEA) nanogels both in inverse emulsions and in aqueous dispersions were systematically investigated. Furthermore, the impacts of the monomer composition and PEGDMA content on the thermoresponsiveness of poly(NVCL‐co‐MEA) nanogels were also studied. Promisingly, the introduction of MEA monomeric units to the copolymer chains only slightly reduced the thermoresponsiveness of poly(NVCL‐co‐MEA) nanogels. This feature allows to improve the biocompatibility of polymeric nanogels by using MEA as the comonomer without need to compromise the thermoresponsiveness of nanogels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48237.
DFCP1 associates with lipid droplets
Authors: Gao Guangang , Sheng Yuanyuan , Yang Hongyuan , Chua Boon Tin , Xu Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDouble FYVE‐containing protein 1 (DFCP1) is ubiquitously expressed, participates in intracellular membrane trafficking and labels omegasomes through specific interactions with phosphatidylinositol‐3‐phosphate (PI3P). Previous studies showed that subcellular DFCP1 proteins display multi‐organelle localization, including in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, its localization and function on lipid droplets (LDs) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DFCP1 localizes to the LD upon oleic acid incubation. The ER‐targeted domain of DFCP1 is indispensable for its LD localization, which is further enhanced by double FYVE domains. Inhibition of PI3P binding at the FYVE domain through wortmannin treatment or double mutation at C654S and C770S have no effect on DFCP1's LD localization. These show that the mechanisms for DFCP1 targeting the omegasome and LDs are different. DFCP1 deficiency in MEF cells causes an increase in LD number and reduces LD size. Interestingly, DFCP1 interacts with GTP‐bound Rab18, an LD‐associated protein. Taken together, our work demonstrates the dynamic localization of DFCP1 is regulated by nutritional status in response to cellular metabolism.
Tunneling nanotube‐like structures in brain tumors
Authors: Osswald Matthias , Jung Erik , Wick Wolfgang , Winkler Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse astrocytomas, including glioblastomas, are malignant brain tumors with notorious resistance to standard therapies. One hallmark of malignant gliomas is their highly infiltrative growth. To allow long‐range communication, exchange of molecules, and cell‐cell contact between these scattered tumor cells, mechanisms other than paracrine signaling seem requisite.Recent findingsWe recently described long and thin membrane tubes (tumor microtubes, or TMs) that interconnect single glioma cells to a functional network. The integration of cells into these networks protected them from the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is growing interest in cell protrusions, membrane tubes, and cell‐cell connections today, not only in cancer research. For the first time, so‐called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) were described as thin intercellular membrane tubes in 2004. Until now, such membrane tube connections have not only been described in diffuse astrocytomas, but also in other tumor entities and other diseases.ConclusionHere, we want to review the biological functions of TMs, their similarities and differences to TNTs and other cellular protrusions, as well as potential clinical applications.
Sustainable Energy Storage: Recent Trends and Developments toward Fully Organic Batteries
Authors: Friebe Christian , Lex‐Balducci Alexandra , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn times of spreading mobile devices, organic batteries represent a promising approach to replace the well‐established lithium‐ion technology to fulfill the growing demand for small, flexible, safe, as well as sustainable energy storage solutions. In the last years, large efforts have been made regarding the investigation and development of batteries that use organic active materials since they feature superior properties compared to metal‐based, in particular lithium‐based, energy‐storage systems in terms of flexibility and safety as well as with regard to resource availability and disposal. This Review compiles an overview over the most recent studies on the topic. It focuses on the different types of applied active materials, covering both known systems that are optimized and novel structures that aim at being established.
Fault‐tolerant switched capacitor–based boost multilevel inverter
Authors: T Ajaykumar , Patne Nita R. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a fault‐tolerant switched capacitor (SC)–based boost multilevel inverter. The proposed inverter is able to convert a low‐level dc voltage into a desired ac output voltage in single‐stage power conversion. It can accomplish a high voltage gain by using multiple SC cells arrangement at reduced voltage stresses on the switching devices and passive circuit elements in the boost network. The principle of operation and steady‐state analysis of the proposed topology are presented to formulate the mathematical relationship between input dc and output ac voltage. In addition to that, the proposed inverter can also provide reliable electrical power supply at prescribed ac output voltage in the event of open‐circuit failure of power switches. The fault tolerability is realized by reconfiguring the pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, whereas the reduction in output voltage is compensated by the boosting characteristic of the inverter. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter has been compared with other impedance source multilevel inverters in terms of voltage gain, boosting capability, and voltage stresses. A laboratory prototype of the proposed inverter is developed for experimentation, and its operation is validated by simulation and experimental results.
Deciphering the Significance of CD56 Expression in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Pardo Laura M. , Voigt Andrew P. , Alonzo Todd A. , Wilson Elisabeth R. , Gerbing Robert B. , Paine Dana J. , Dai Fangyan , Menssen Andrew J. , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Wells Denise A. , Brodersen Lisa Eidenschink , Loken Michael R. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), CD56 expression has been associated with adverse clinical outcome. We reported on a phenotype associated with very poor prognosis (RAM) in children enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0531 (Brodersen et al. Leukemia 30 (2016) 2077–2080). RAM is also characterized in part by high‐intensity expression of the CD56 antigen. Herein, we investigate underlying biological and clinical differences among CD56‐positive AMLs for patients in AAML0531.MethodsFor 769 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with de novo AML enrolled in AAML0531, bone marrow specimens were submitted for flow cytometric analysis. For each patient, an immunophenotypic expression profile (IEP) was defined by mean fluorescent intensities of assayed surface antigens. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was completed to group patients with similar immunophenotypes. Clusters were then evaluated for CD56 expression. Principal component analysis (PCA) was subsequently applied to determine whether CD56‐positive patient groups were nonoverlapping.ResultsHCA of IEPs revealed three unique phenotypic clusters of patients with CD56‐positive AML, and PCA showed that these three cohorts are distinct. Cohort 1 (N = 77) showed a prevalence of t(8;21) patients (72%), Cohort 2 (N = 52) a prevalence of 11q23 patients (69%), and Cohort 3 (RAM) (N = 16) a prevalence of patients with co‐occurrence of the CBFA2T3–GLIS2 fusion transcript (63%). The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 were 69, 39, and 19%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen leukemia is considered by its multidimensional immunophenotype and not by the expression of a single antigen, correlations are seen between genotype and there are significant differences in patient outcomes. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society