bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating normal regions within cancerous hen ovarian tissue using multivariate hyperspectral image analysis
Authors: Akbari Lakeh Mahsa , Tu Anqi , Muddiman David C. , Abdollahi Hamid 
Published: November 2018

RationaleIdentification of subregions under different pathological conditions on cancerous tissue is of great significance for understanding cancer progression and metastasis. Infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IR‐MALDESI‐MS) can be potentially used for diagnostic purposes since it can monitor spatial distribution and abundance of metabolites and lipids in biological tissues. However, the large size and high dimensionality of hyperspectral data make analysis and interpretation challenging. To overcome these barriers, multivariate methods were applied to IR‐MALDESI data for the first time, aiming at efficiently resolving mass spectral images, from which these results were then used to identify normal regions within cancerous tissue.MethodsMolecular profiles of healthy and cancerous hen ovary tissues were generated by IR‐MALDESI‐MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with color‐coding built a single tissue image which summarizes the high‐dimensional data features. Pixels with similar color indicated similar composition. PCA results from healthy tissue were further used to test each pixel in cancerous tissue to determine if it is healthy. Multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) was used to obtain major spatial features existing in ovary tissues, and group molecules with the same distribution patterns simultaneously.ResultsPCA as the predominating dimensionality reduction approach captured over 90% spectral variances by the first three PCs. The PCA images show the cancerous tissue is more chemically heterogeneous than healthy tissue, where at least four regions with different m/z profiles can be differentiated. PCA modeling assigns top regions of cancerous tissue as healthy‐like. MCR‐ALS extracted three and four major compounds from healthy and cancerous tissue, respectively. Evaluating similarities of resolved spectra uncovered the chemical components that were distinct in some regions on cancerous tissue, serving as a supplementary way to differentiate healthy and cancerous regions.ConclusionsTwo unsupervised chemometric methods including PCA and MCR‐ALS were applied for resolving and visualizing IR‐MALDESI‐MS data acquired from hen ovary tissues, improving the interpretation of mass spectrometry imaging results. Then possible normal regions were differentiated from cancerous tissue sections. No prior knowledge is required using either chemometric method, so our approach is readily suitable for unstained tissue samples, which allows one to reveal the molecular events happening during disease progression.
Estimating the receiver operating characteristic curve in matched case control studies
Authors: Xu Hui , Qian Jing , Paynter Nina P. , Zhang Xuehong , Whitcomb Brian W. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Hankinson Susan E. , Balasubramanian Raji 
Published: November 2018

The matched case‐control design is frequently used in the study of complex disorders and can result in significant gains in efficiency, especially in the context of measuring biomarkers; however, risk prediction in this setting is not straightforward. We propose an inverse‐probability weighting approach to estimate the predictive ability associated with a set of covariates. In particular, we propose an algorithm for estimating the summary index, area under the curve corresponding to the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve associated with a set of pre‐defined covariates for predicting a binary outcome. By combining data from the parent cohort with that generated in a matched case control study, we describe methods for estimation of the population parameters of interest and the corresponding area under the curve. We evaluate the bias associated with the proposed methods in simulations by considering a range of parameter settings. We illustrate the methods in two data applications: (1) a prospective cohort study of cardiovascular disease in women, the Women's Health Study, and (2) a matched case‐control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study aimed at risk prediction of invasive breast cancer.
Cross‐sectional survey of workplace stressors associated with physician burnout measured by the Mini‐Z and the Maslach Burnout Inventory
Authors: Olson Kristine , Sinsky Christine , Rinne Seppo T. , Long Theodore , Vender Ronald , Mukherjee Sandip , Bennick Michael , Linzer Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRising physician burnout has adverse effects on healthcare. This study aimed to identify remediable stressors associated with burnout using the 10‐item Mini‐Z and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and to compare performance of the Mini‐Z's single‐item burnout metric against the 22‐item MBI. Surveys were emailed to 4,118 clinicians affiliated with an academic health system; 1,252 clicked the link, and 557 responded (completion rate 44%). Four hundred seventy‐five practicing physicians were included: academic faculty (372), hospital employed (52), and private practitioners (81). Prevalence of burnout via the MBI was 56.6%. Predictors of burnout were poor control over workload [OR = 8.24, 95% CI 4.(81, 14.11)], inefficient teamwork [OR = 7.61, 95% (CI 3.28, 17.67)], insufficient documentation time [OR = 5.83, 95% (CI 3.35, 10.15)], hectic‐chaotic work atmosphere [OR = 3.49, 95% (CI 2.12, 5.74)], lack of value‐alignment with leadership [OR = 3.27, 95% (CI 2.12, 5.74)], and excessive electronic medical record time at home [OR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.21, 3.27)]. Academic faculty experienced more burnout than private practitioners (59.9% vs. 42.0%, p = 0.013). Odds of burnout associated with stressors were generally concordant via Mini‐Z's burnout metric versus the MBI. The Mini‐Z is a brief, valid method to identify stressors associated with burnout and guide interventions.
Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescent Test Strip for Direct, Rapid, and Visual Dopamine Detection in Tiny Amount of Biofluid
Authors: Wang Jixiang , Dai Jiangdong , Xu Yeqing , Dai Xiaohui , Zhang Yunlei , Shi Weidong , Sellergren Börje , Pan Guoqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPaper‐based assays for detection of physiologically important species are needed in medical theranostics owning to their superiorities in point of care testing, daily monitoring, and even visual readout by using chromogenic materials. In this work, a facile test strip is developed for visual detection of a neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) based on dual‐emission fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (DE‐MIPs). The DE‐MIPs, featured with tailor‐made DA affinity and good anti‐interference, exhibit DA concentration‐dependent fluorescent colors, due to the variable ratios of dual‐emission fluorescence caused by DA binding and quenching. By facile coating DE‐MIPs on a filter paper, the DA test strips are obtained. The resultant test strip, like the simplicity of a pH test paper, shows the potential for directly visual detection of DA levels just by dripping a tiny amount of biofluid sample on it. The test result of real serum samples demonstrates that the DA strip enables to visually and semiquantitatively detect DA within 3 min by using only 10 µL of serum samples and with a low detection limit ((100–150) × 10−9m) by naked eye. This work thus offers a facile and efficient strategy for rapid, visual, and on‐site detection of biofluids in clinic.
Self‐Standing 3D Cathodes for All‐Solid‐State Thin Film Lithium Batteries with Improved Interface Kinetics
Authors: Xia Qiuying , Sun Shuo , Xu Jing , Zan Feng , Yue Jili , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Xia Hui 
Published: November 2018

Abstract3D all‐solid‐state thin film batteries (TFBs) are proposed as an attractive power solution for microelectronics. However, the challenge in fabricating self‐supported 3D cathodes constrains the progress in developing 3D TFBs. In this work, 3D LiMn2O4 (LMO) nanowall arrays are directly deposited on conductive substrates by magnetron sputtering via controlling the thin film growth mode. 3D TFBs based on the 3D LMO nanowall arrays and 2D TFBs based on the planar LMO thin films are successfully fabricated using a lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) electrolyte and Li anode. In comparison, the 3D TFB significantly outperforms the 2D TFB, exhibiting large specific capacity (121 mAh g−1 at 1 C), superior rate capability (83 mAh g−1 at 20 C), and good cycle performance (over 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles). The superior electrochemical performance of the 3D TFB can be attributed to the 3D architecture, which not only greatly increases the cathode/electrolyte interface and shortens the Li+ diffusion length, but also effectively enhances the structural stability. Importantly, the vertically aligned nanowall array architecture of the cathode can significantly mitigate disordered LMO formation at the cathode surface compared to the 2D planar thin film, resulting in a greatly reduced interface resistance and improved rate performance.
Exploiting serological data to understand the epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotypes circulating in Libya
Authors: Mahmoud Abduslam S. , Savini Giovanni , Spedicato Massimo , Monaco Federica , Carmine Irene , Lorusso Alessio , Francesco Tolari , Mazzei Maurizio , Forzan Mario , Eldaghayes Ibrahim , Dayhum Abdunaser 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe epidemiological patterns of Bluetongue (BT) in North Africa and Mediterranean Basin (MB) dramatically changed by emergence of subsequent episodes of novel bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes with highly pathogenic indexes and socio‐economic impacts. The objective of the study was to investigate the sero‐prevalence and serotype distribution of BTV in Libya. During 2015‐2016, a total of 826 serum samples were collected from domestic ruminants in Libya. All sera were assayed by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (c‐ELISA). C‐Elisa‐positive samples (43.3%; 173/400) were further analyzed by virus neutralization assay to identify BTV serotypes and determine the antibody titre of positive samples. An overall BTV sero‐prevalence was 48.4% (95% CI: 45.0%‐51.8%). Neutralizing antibodies were detected against the following BTV serotypes namely: BTV‐1, BTV‐2, BTV‐3, BTV‐4, BTV‐9 and BTV‐26. While BTV‐1, BTV‐2, BTV‐4 and BTV‐9 circulation was unsurprising as they have been responsible of the last year outbreaks in Northern African Countries, the detection of BTV‐3 and BTV‐26 was definitely new and concerning for the animal health of the countries facing the Mediterranean Basin. It is crucial that European and Northern African authorities collaborate in organizing common surveillance programmes to early detect novel strains or emerging serotypes in order to set up proper preventive measures, and, in case, develop specific vaccines and plan coordinated vaccination campaigns.
Adoptive cellular therapies: the current landscape
Authors: Rohaan Maartje W. , Wilgenhof Sofie , Haanen John B. A. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor many cancer types, the immune system plays an essential role in their development and growth. Based on these rather novel insights, immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed. In the past decade, immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated a major breakthrough in cancer treatment and has currently been approved for the treatment of multiple tumor types. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is another strategy to modify the immune system to recognize tumor cells and thus carry out an anti-tumor effector function. These treatments have shown promising results in various tumor types, and multiple clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to further optimize this treatment modality. Most successful results were obtained in hematological malignancies with the use of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy and already led to the commercial approval by the FDA. This review provides an overview of the developments in ACT, the associated toxicity, and the future potential of ACT in cancer treatment.
Crevasse-induced Rayleigh-wave azimuthal anisotropy on Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland
Authors: Lindner Fabian , Laske Gabi , Walter Fabian , Doran Adrian K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCrevasses and englacial fracture networks route meltwater from a glacier's surface to the subglacial drainage system and thus influence glacial hydraulics. However, rapid fracture growth may also lead to sudden and potentially hazardous structural failure of unstable glaciers and ice dams, rifting of ice shelves, or iceberg calving. Here, we use passive seismic recordings to investigate the englacial fracture network on Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland. Glacier dynamics and the drainage of an ice-marginal lake give rise to numerous icequakes, the majority of which generate dispersed, high-frequency Rayleigh waves. A wide distribution of events allows us to study azimuthal anisotropy between 10 and 30 Hz in order to extract englacial seismic velocities in regions of preferentially oriented crevasses. Beamforming applied to a 100-m-aperture array reveals azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities reaching a strength of 8% at high frequencies. In addition, we find that the fast direction of wave propagation coincides with the observed surface strike of the narrow crevasses. Forward modeling and inversion of dispersion curves suggest that the azimuthal anisotropy is induced by a 40-m-thick crevassed layer at the surface of the glacier with 8% anisotropy in shear-wave velocity.
A bioclast-based astronomical timescale for the Maastrichtian in the type area (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) and stratigraphic implications: the legacy of P.J. Felder
Authors: Keutgen Norbert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present paper, dedicated to the legacy of local geologist–engineer Peter Jozef (Sjeuf) Felder, who died in 2009, confirms his view that bioclasts constitute a valuable tool in the correlation of outcrops and borehole cores across the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage in the vicinity of Maastricht. His approach of interpreting changes in bioclast contents as having been influenced by Milankovitch cyclicity has here been applied successfully to the entire sedimentary complex of Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) age in the study area. In the present approach, results are corroborated by index fossils, mainly dinoflagellate cysts but also calcareous nannofossils, which allow correlation with the Stevns-1 core reference section in eastern Denmark. With the exception of local remnants ofBelemnella obtusaZone age, the Maastrichtian Stage in its type area encompasses the last 4.6 Ma of the Cretaceous Period (i.e. theBelemnella sumensis/Acanthoscaphites tridensZone up to the K/Pg boundary). P.J. Felder's bioclast analyses have enabled the detection of twelve 400 kyr eccentricity cycles of Milankovitch cyclicity in the area. However, the section is not continuous; there is a hiatus ofc.700 kyr between the Gulpen and Maastricht formations at the ENCI-HeidelbergCement Group quarry. In addition, smaller hiatuses, usually in the range of several 20 kyr cycles, have been detected in the upper Maastricht Formation.
Normative ratings for 536 action-related sentences in Spanish
Authors: DÍEZ-ÁLAMO ANTONIO M. , DÍEZ EMILIANO , ALONSO MARÍA ANGELES , FERNANDEZ ANGEL 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFamiliarity, emotionality, motor activity, memorability, and vividness of visual imagery ratings, on 7-point scales, were collected for 536 Spanish action-related sentences, including a corpus of 439 phrases originally normed in Swedish, German, and Croatian (Arar & Molander, 1996; Molander & Arar, 1998; Molander, Arar, Mavrinac, & Janig, 1999) and 97 new sentences describing actions usually performed using different body postures and face or hand movements. These norms constitute the only available set of ratings for action sentences in Spanish including those dimensions to date, and they allow for the design of studies aimed at empirically exploring the relationship between action, language, and cognition with well-controlled materials in Spanish-speaking samples of participants.
Ebola and the airplane – securing mobility through regime interactions and legal adaptation
Authors: Cuinn Gearóid Ó , Switzer Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article concentrates on a particular controversy during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa; the mass cancellation of flights to and from affected countries. This occurred despite authoritative advice against such restrictions from the World Health Organization (WHO). During a public health emergency such as Ebola, the airplane sits at a site of regulatory uncertainty as it falls within the scope of two specialist and overlapping domains of international law; the WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and the Convention on International Civil Aviation. We explore how legal technicalities and objects, by promoting functional interactions between these two specialized regimes of law, were utilized to deal with this uncertainty. We show how the form and function of these mundane tools had a significant impact; assimilating aviation further into the system of global health security as well as instrumentalizing the aircraft as a tool of disease surveillance. This encounter of regimes was law creating, resulting in new international protocols and standards designed to enable the resumption of flights in and out of countries affected by outbreaks. This article therefore offers significant and original insights into the hidden work performed by legal techniques and tools in dealing with regime overlap. Our findings contribute to the wider international law literature on fragmentation and enrich our understanding of the significance of relational regime interactions in international law.
Goals of care and treatment in terminal delirium: A qualitative study of the views and experiences of healthcare professionals caring for patients with cancer
Authors: Uchida Megumi , Morita Tatsuya , Ito Yoshinori , Koga Kazuko , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the views of healthcare professionals regarding care and treatment goals in irreversible terminal delirium and their effect on patients and caregivers.MethodWe conducted a qualitative interview study of healthcare professionals (palliative care physician, oncologist, psycho-oncologist, and clinical psychologist) engaged in the treatment of terminally ill cancer patients. We assessed the views of healthcare workers regarding treatment goals in terminal delirium and their effect on patients and their families.ResultOf the 21 eligible healthcare professionals, 20 agreed to participate in this study. Three of the professionals had experience with treating terminal delirium as family caregivers. We identified five important aspects of treatment goals in terminal delirium based on the views of healthcare professionals: (1) adequate management of symptoms/distress, (2) ability to communicate, (3) continuity of self, (4) provision of care and support to families, and (5) considering a balance (between symptom alleviation and maintaining communication; between symptom alleviation and family preparations for the death of patients; balance between specific treatment goals for delirium and general treatment goals).Significance of resultsAccording to the views of healthcare workers questioned in this study, goals of care and treatment in terminal delirium are multidimensional and extend beyond simply controlling patient symptoms.
Dressing the law
Authors: Monks Aoife 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe theatre shares many features with the law. One key commonality is the presence of dressers in both professions. In the law and the theatre, the dresser is a key intermediary in the transformation of bodies and the transmission of professional culture, while being relatively under-recognised in criticism and scholarship. The point of departure for this paper is that the dresser is a figure worthy of further scrutiny. As the Court and Ceremonial Manager at Ede and Ravenscroft, Christopher Allen is perhaps one of the common law's most important dressers. Allan is instrumental to the entry of the judiciary into their new roles by dressing them for the very first time in advance of their swearing-in ceremony. Established as a wig-making business in 1726 (later selling robes from 1871), Ede and Ravenscroft are the tailors and robe-makers of choice for the judiciary, not only in England and Wales, but in many common-law jurisdictions. This paper draws upon an interview with Allen about his work asthedresser of the judicial establishment of England and Wales in order to explore the role of dressing up in the production of images of the judiciary. Thinking about the role of the dresser in the production of the judicial image draws attention not simply to the function that dress plays in the law, but foregrounds the process ofdressing upas a key aspect of the law's performance.
The courtroom as TV studio: the case of the Oscar Pistorius trial
Authors: Moseneke Dikgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn 2014, something happened that changed how the media report on court proceedings in South Africa. The Oscar Pistorius trial proceedings attracted much media attention. International journalists flocked into South Africa in droves. Our newspapers, our televisions, our radios, even our Facebook feeds were flooded with information. An entire twenty-four-hour television channel was created with the sole purpose of televising, and then discussing, the proceedings. Everything about the trial – the judge's rulings, the witnesses who gave evidence and especially the verdict – clogged social-media newsfeeds on laptops and other devices for months on end. This has changed irreversibly the manner in which the media and the justice system in South Africa converge. Through a focus on the debates in and out of the courtroom that the Pistorius trial generated, this paper explores the intersection between the judicial function, the media and the public. It was an important moment in post-apartheid South Africa, ushering in a new way of making and distributing judicial images to the public and thereby bringing into being new ways for the media and the public to access and assess the adjudicative role of judges.
Remote judging: the impact of video links on the image and the role of the judge
Authors: Rowden Emma , Wallace Anne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJudges perform an important role on behalf of society, as impartial decision-makers, interpreting and applying the law, presiding over courtrooms and ensuring a fair trial. The image of the judge – how they are viewed culturally – reinforces their role, emphasising their authority and neutrality, thus supporting the legitimacy of the court as an institution. Increasingly, judges use video conferencing where either they, or other participants, are located away from the courtroom. Reporting on a three-year empirical study, this paper argues that the introduction of video-conferencing technologies in court has had a profound impact on the production, management and consumption of judicial images, with implications for the role of the judge. Video links challenge cultural assumptions about how the role of the judge is performed and what the image of the judge should be. We argue that greater congruence needs to be achieved over video links between that image and the role of the judge.