bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NK Response Correlates with HIV Decrease in Pegylated IFN-α2a–Treated Antiretroviral Therapy–Suppressed Subjects
Authors: Papasavvas Emmanouil , Azzoni Livio , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Dawany Noor , Morales Knashawn H. , Fair Matthew , Ross Brian N. , Lynn Kenneth , Mackiewicz Agnieszka , Mounzer Karam , Tebas Pablo , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Kostman Jay R. , Showe Louise , Montaner Luis J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We previously reported that pegylated IFN-α2a (Peg–IFN-α2a) added to antiretroviral therapy (ART)–suppressed, HIV-infected subjects resulted in plasma HIV control and integrated HIV DNA decrease. We now evaluated whether innate NK cell activity or PBMC transcriptional profiles were associated with decreases in HIV measures. Human peripheral blood was analyzed prior to Peg–IFN-α2a administration (ART, baseline), after 5 wk of ART+Peg–IFN-α2a, and after 12 wk of Peg–IFN-α2a monotherapy (primary endpoint). After 5 wk of ART+Peg–IFN-α2a, immune subset frequencies were preserved, and induction of IFN-stimulated genes was noted in all subjects except for a subset in which the lack of IFN-stimulated gene induction was associated with increased expression of microRNAs. Viral control during Peg–IFN-α2a monotherapy was associated with 1) higher levels of NK cell activity and IFN-γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10) on ART (preimmunotherapy) and 2) downmodulation of NK cell KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/DL3 expression, transcriptional enrichment of expression of genes associated with NK cells in HIV controller subjects, and higher ex vivo IFN-α–induced NK cytotoxicity after 5 wk of ART+Peg–IFN-α2a. Integrated HIV DNA decline after immunotherapy was also associated with gene expression patterns indicative of cell-mediated activation and NK cytotoxicity. Overall, an increase in innate activity and NK cell cytotoxicity were identified as correlates of Peg–IFN-α2a–mediated HIV control.
The Metabolic Cytokine Adiponectin Inhibits Inflammatory Lung Pathology in Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Amarsaikhan Nansalmaa , Tsoggerel Angar , Hug Christopher , Templeton Steven P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Systemic immunity and metabolism are coregulated by soluble factors, including the insulin-regulating adipose tissue cytokine adiponectin. How these factors impact detrimental inflammatory responses during fungal infection remains unknown. In this study, we observed that mortality, fungal burden, and tissue histopathology were increased in adiponectin-deficient mice in a neutropenic model of invasive aspergillosis. Lung RNA sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR, and subsequent pathway analysis demonstrated activation of inflammatory cytokine pathways with upstream regulation by IL-1 and TNF in adiponectin-deficient mice with decreased/inhibited anti-inflammatory genes/pathways, suggesting broad cytokine-mediated pathology along with ineffective fungal clearance. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed increased transcription of IL-1a, IL-6, IL-12b, IL-17A/F, and TNF in adiponectin-deficient mice at early time points postinfection, with a specific increase in intracellular TNF in alveolar macrophages. Although eosinophil recruitment and activation were increased in adiponectin-deficient mice, mortality was delayed, but not decreased, in mice deficient in both adiponectin and eosinophils. Interestingly, neutrophil depletion was required for increased inflammation in adiponectin-deficient mice in response to swollen/fixed conidia, suggesting that immune suppression enhances detrimental inflammation, whereas invasive fungal growth is dispensable. Our results suggest that adiponectin inhibits excessive lung inflammation in invasive aspergillosis. Our study has therefore identified the adiponectin pathway as a potential source for novel therapeutics in immune-compromised patients with detrimental immunity to invasive fungal infection.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG20 promotes prostate cancer progression via upregulating DDX17
Authors: Wu Xing-Cheng , Yan Wei-Gang , Ji Zhi-Gang , Zheng Guo-Yang , Liu Guang-Hua 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAccumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various cancers. LncRNA SNHG20 has been shown to be a cancer-associated lncRNA in several cancers with diverse mechanisms. However, the clinical references, biological roles, and mechanisms of action of SNHG20 in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear.Material and methodsThe expression of SNHG20 in PCa tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR. The correlations between SNHG20 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed by 2 test. The roles of SNHG20 in PCa cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8, EdU incorporation, and transwell assays. The regulatory mechanisms of SNHG20 on DDX17 were detected by dual luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, and western blot.ResultsSNHG20 is highly expressed in PCa tissues and cell lines. High expression of SNHG20 is positively correlated with high Gleason score and advanced tumor stage. Functional experiments revealed that overexpression of SNHG20 promotes PCa cell proliferation and migration. SNHG20 knockdown represses PCa cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, SNHG20 was verified to act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate DDX17. DDX17 is also highly expressed and has oncogenic roles in PCa. Furthermore, the expression of DDX17 is significantly positively correlated with that of SNHG20 in PCa tissues. Depletion of DDX17 reverses the oncogenic roles of SNHG20 in PCa.ConclusionsThese data showed that SNHG20 promotes PCa cell proliferation and migration via acting as a ceRNA to upregulate DDX17. This study also suggested that SNHG20 may be a potential novel therapeutic target for PCa.
Nasal bone to nasal tip length ratio for describing nasal bone hypoplasia and predicting trisomy 21
Authors: Ekmekci Emre , Demirel Emine , Kelekci Sefa 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionFetal nasal bone hypoplasia has been proven to be a strong marker for trisomy 21 during second trimester ultrasonography. Rather than evaluating the nasal bone hypoplasia according to the nomograms, it may be possible to evaluate it with a more practical and specific method.Material and methodsRetrospectively collected data were provided from the saved and stored patient data between 2012 and 2017. Nasal bone length and nasal tip length were measured and the ratio was calculated. The ratio ≤ 1/3 was defined as the threshold ratio for the definition of the marker. Nasal bone nasal tip length (NB/NL) ratio values were compared among groups with trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses.ResultsA total of 59 fetuses had trisomy 21 and 2304 euploid fetuses were included in the study. The ratio of nasal bone to nasal tip length was 1/3 and below in 21/59 (35.5%) of fetuses with trisomy 21 whereas this ratio was 31/2304 (1.3%) in euploid fetuses. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of nasal bone/nasal tip ratio ≤ 1/3 were 35.5%, 98.6%, 26.4 and 0.6 for Down syndrome, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the nasal bone to nasal tip length ratio may be a new promising and practical sonographic marker in the second trimester genetic sonography. Although its sensitivity is not high, it seems to be more practical and specific than the evaluation of fetal nasal bone length.
Association of spironolactone treatment and arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients
Authors: Zeng Fanfang , Huang Rong , Lu Yongkang , Wu Zhiye , Mai Weiyi , Wang Lili 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the association of spironolactone and arterial stiffness and composite cardiovascular disease (CVD, including coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure and ischemic stroke) in hypertensive patients.Material and methodsBaseline data were collected and arterial stiffness was presented by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) using applanation tonometry. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein and creatinine were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were determined by radioimmunoassay. The associations of spironolactone and arterial stiffness and composite CVD were evaluated.ResultsCompared to patients without spironolactone (n = 274), those with spironolactone (n = 170) were older and more likely to have diabetes and chronic heart failure. No differences in antihypertensive medications used were observed except for spironolactone. Mean number of antihypertensive medications used was significantly higher in the spironolactone group (2.6 ±0.8 vs. 2.2 ±0.6). Compared to patients without spironolactone, those with spironolactone had significantly lower cf-PWV (9.4 ±1.8 vs. 10.1 ±2.2 m/s). After adjustment for covariates, spironolactone was still associated with 10% lower risk of arterial stiffness, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.85–0.97. In patients without arterial stiffness, after adjustment for covariates, no significant association of spironolactone and composite CVD was observed. However, in patients with increased arterial stiffness, after adjustment for covariates, spironolactone was still independently associated with 11% lower risk of composite CVD (95% CI: 0.83–0.97).ConclusionsSpironolactone treatment is independently associated with lower cf-PWV and lower prevalence of composite CVD in patients with increased arterial stiffness.
Quantitative stratigraphic analysis in a source-to-sink numerical framework
Authors: Ding Xuesong , Salles Tristan , Flament Nicolas , Rey Patrice 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The sedimentary architecture at continental margins reflects the interplay between the rate of change of accommodation creation (δA) and the rate of change of sediment supply (δS). Stratigraphic interpretation increasingly focuses on understanding the link between deposition patterns and changes in δA∕δS, with an attempt to reconstruct the contributing factors. Here, we use the landscape modelling code pyBadlands to (1) investigate the development of stratigraphic sequences in a source-to-sink context; (2) assess the respective performance of two well-established stratigraphic interpretation techniques: the trajectory analysis method and the accommodation succession method; and (3) propose quantitative stratigraphic interpretations based on those two techniques. In contrast to most stratigraphic forward models (SFMs), pyBadlands provides self-consistent sediment supply to basin margins as it simulates erosion, sediment transport and deposition in a source-to-sink context. We present a generic case of landscape evolution that takes into account periodic sea level variations and passive margin thermal subsidence over 30 million years, under uniform rainfall. A set of post-processing tools are provided to analyse the predicted stratigraphic architecture. We first reconstruct the temporal evolution of the depositional cycles and identify key stratigraphic surfaces based on observations of stratal geometries and facies relationships, which we use for comparison to stratigraphic interpretations. We then apply both the trajectory analysis and the accommodation succession methods to manually map key stratigraphic surfaces and define sequence units on the final model output. Finally, we calculate shoreline and shelf-edge trajectories, the temporal evolution of changes in relative sea level (proxy for δA) and sedimentation rate (proxy for δS) at the shoreline, and automatically produce stratigraphic interpretations. Our results suggest that the analysis of the presented model is more robust with the accommodation succession method than with the trajectory analysis method. Stratigraphic analysis based on manually extracted shoreline and shelf-edge trajectory requires calibrations of time-dependent processes such as thermal subsidence or additional constraints from stratal terminations to obtain reliable interpretations. The 3-D stratigraphic analysis of the presented model reveals small lateral variations of sequence formations. Our work provides an efficient and flexible quantitative sequence stratigraphic framework to evaluate the main drivers (climate, sea level and tectonics) controlling sedimentary architectures and investigate their respective roles in sedimentary basin development.
Large eddy simulation modeling of tsunami-like solitary wave processes over fringing reefs
Authors: Yao Yu , He Tiancheng , Deng Zhengzhi , Chen Long , Guo Huiqun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Many low-lying tropical and subtropical reef-fringed coasts are vulnerable
to inundation during tsunami events. Hence accurate prediction of tsunami
wave transformation and run-up over such reefs is a primary concern in the
coastal management of hazard mitigation. To overcome the deficiencies of
using depth-integrated models in modeling tsunami-like solitary waves
interacting with fringing reefs, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical wave
tank based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool
OpenFOAM® is developed in this study. The Navier–Stokes
equations for two-phase incompressible flow are solved, using the large eddy simulation (LES) method for turbulence closure and the volume-of-fluid (VOF)
method for tracking the free surface. The adopted model is firstly validated
by two existing laboratory experiments with various wave conditions and reef
configurations. The model is then applied to examine the impacts of varying
reef morphologies (fore-reef slope, back-reef slope, lagoon width,
reef-crest width) on the solitary wave run-up. The current and vortex
evolutions associated with the breaking solitary wave around both the reef
crest and the lagoon are also addressed via the numerical simulations.
De los cabildos tradicionales al Congreso del Estado. Prácticas comunicativas y puestas en escena de las instituciones representativas en Yucatán, ca. 1790–1829
Authors: Bock Ulrike 
Published: June 2019

En este texto se analizan las prácticas comunicativas de las instituciones representativas más importantes en el ámbito regional del imperio español. De esta forma se contribuye al debate de los cambios y las continuidades de la cultura política en la transformación del Antiguo Régimen a la Modernidad. Partiendo del caso de Yucatán, provincia y capitanía general de la Nueva España y luego uno de los estados federados de la Primera República federal del México independiente, se estudian las siguientes instituciones: los cabildos tradicionales, la Diputación provincial en sus dos períodos de vigencia de 1813–1814 y a partir de 1820, las juntas generales de los años 1821–1823, el primer Congreso constituyente de Yucatán y los congresos regionales hasta 1829. Al analizar representaciones simbólicas y prácticas comunicativas como las ceremonias de instalación, las puestas en escena en la esfera pública y las prácticas cotidianas de la publicidad institucional, se llega a la conclusión de que, pese a algunas continuidades simbólicas con el viejo orden, se establecieron paulatinamente prácticas institucionales muy distintas a las vigentes durante el Antiguo Régimen.
Egypťané, nebo Núbijci? (Tajemné sarkofágy z Naga el-Faríku, Dolní Núbie)
Authors: Vachala Břetislav 
Published: June 2019

Během epigrafického a archeologického výzkumu severní koncese (sahající od Kalábši po Gerf Husén) Českého (bývalého Československého) egyptologického ústavu v Dolní Núbii byly v roce 1964 objeveny poblíž vesnice Naga el-Farík tři opakovaně vyloupené skalní hrobky. Místo bylo vzdáleno přibližně 1,5 km severně od chrámu v Dendúru a nacházelo se v oblasti kdysi označené jako „velice chudé na archeologický materiál“ (Firth 1912, 1). V předsíni a pohřební místnosti hrobky č. 2 a jejím okolí bylo nalezeno mnoho zdobených a popsaných fragmentů dvou pískovcových sarkofágů, které jsou nyní uloženy v Náprstkově muzeu, složce Národního muzea v Praze. Majitelé (zřejmě egyptští úředníci) sarkofágů, jejichž provedení ukazuje na místní řemeslnou práci, měli egyptská jména Betaref (Ten, jehož se nelze zmocnit“) a Nebnisuttavej („Pán trůnů Dvou zemí“). Ve výzdobě sarkofágů a jejich nápisech se objevují mnohé nepřesnosti. V textech nejsou zmíněny žádné tituly zemřelých majitelů. O jejich vzájemném vztahu se bohužel nedá nic říci. Soudě podle typu obou sarkofágů, architektury hrobky, zlomků keramiky a vešebtu z pálené hlíny, který byl nalezen poblíž, je možné je datovat do pozdní 18. dynastie (Nebnisuttavej) a rané 19. dynastie (Betaref). Byly analyzovány četné fragmenty kosterních lidských pozůstatků náležející alespoň 17 jednotlivcům. Morfologické rysy zjištěné u některých z nich ukazují na hornoegyptský typ populace, spíše než na pozdější núbijskou s negroidními znaky (Strouhal 1990, 125). Příslušníci malé egyptské komunity z Naga el-Faríku zřejmě zajišťovali (v období cca 1370-1250 př. n. l.) chod strážního či kontrolního stanoviště při Nilu, po němž egyptské výpravy směřovaly dále na jih. Jejich nejbližším významným cílem byla pevnost Kubbán, odkud vedla pouštní cesta do oblasti bohatých zlatých dolů ve Vádí Allákí.
An overview on the Nietzsche’s evolution during the relation with Wagner
Authors: Goodarzparvari Parnaz , Bueno Camejo Francisco Carlos 
Published: June 2019

V posledních desetiletích byl mnohými badateli opakovaně analyzován vztah Nietzscheho a Wagnera. V mnoha knihách a oborných článcích byly podrobně vysvětlovány filozofické, sociální, psychologické i umělecké aspekty tohoto vztahu. Tento článek se pokouší prozkoumat jeho skryté aspekty. Na jedné straně vycházíme z dokumentů, které zanechal Nietzsche, a na druhé straně z hodnocení provedených na postoji Wagnera. Hlavním cílem je rozlišit nejasné vlivy tohoto komplikovaného vztahu, s přihlédnutím k pozoruhodným dokumentům, které zanechal Nietzsche. Klíčová je časová následnost proměny jejich vztahu, kterou se ve studii pokoušíme zachytit.
El lenguaje de las rotulaciones de establecimientos comerciales en las ciudades contemporáneas. Los casos de Almería, Łódź y Tarrasa
Authors: García Marcos Francisco 
Published: June 2019

El artículo analiza el paisaje lingüístico de la cartelería pública en las ciudades de Almería, Łódź y Tarrasa (Barcelona). En concreto, se ocupa de los letreros comerciales relacionada con el deporte. Se ha elegido el deporte por ser uno de los grandes referentes sociales en la actualidad. Ese análisis contrastivo demuestra el predominio de nombres internacionales. Esa tendencia supera incluso la legislación lingüística que defiende el uso de lenguas vernáculas. Se trata, pues, de una situación que reproduce los procesos de globalización del mundo actual. La experiencia empírica ha permitido también tratar algunas cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas relacionadas con el estudio del paisaje lingüístico. The article analyses the linguistic landscape of public signage in the cities of Almería, Łódź and Tarrasa (Barcelona). In particular, it deals with commercial signs related to sport The sport has been chosen because it is one of the great social referents nowadays. Contrastive analysis shows the predominance of international names. This tendency even exceeds the linguistic legislation that defends the use of vernacular languages. It is, then, a situation that reproduces the globalization processes of the current world. The empirical experience has also allowed to deal with some theoretical and methodological issues related to the study of the linguistic landscape.
El posicionamiento del “ethos” como estrategia retórica en la comedia de “stand-up” de Valladolid
Authors: Rodríguez Santos José María 
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar un análisis del género de la comedia de stand-up desde una perspectiva retórica. Se propone un análisis de actos y rutinas de artistas vallisoletanos de stand-up con el objetivo de explicar la influencia que tiene el posicionamiento del ethos del comediante respecto a la audiencia y respecto al asunto con el que se pretende el humor. Se trata, por tanto, de una estrategia retórica con una evidente influencia cultural, por lo que es posible abordarla desde los principios de la Retórica cultural propuestos por Tomás Albaladejo.This study aims to show an analysis of the stand-up comedy genre from a rhetorical perspective. A review of the actions and habits of some stand-up artists from Valladolid is proposed in order to explain the influence of the position of the comedian ethos has with regard to the audience, and to the matter which is the subject of the humour. Therefore, this is a rhetorical strategy which has an evident cultural influence that could be addressed from the principles of the cultural rhetoric suggested by Tomás Albaladejo.
Transmissão de Sauroplasma sp. (Piroplasmorida: Haemohormidiidae) pela sanguessuga Unoculubranchiobdella expansa (Hirudinea: Ozobranchidae) em Podocnemis expansa (Tartaruga da Amazônia)
Authors: Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos , Malvasio Adriana 
Published: June 2019

A espécie Podocnemis expansa possui grande importância para as comunidades tradicionais e indígenas da região amazônica. Possui o título de maior quelônio de água doce da América do Sul podendo chegar a pesar até 60 kg, animal predominantemente herbívoro podendo aceitar carne e peixe em sua dieta quando em cativeiro. Assim como outros organismos, são suscetíveis a diversos parasitas, sendo os endoparasitos mais frequentes os nematóides, trematóides, monógenos, cestóides e protozoários e dentre os ectoparasitas, os hirudíneos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a transmissão experimental dos hemoparasitos Haemogregarina sp. e Sauroplasma sp. para Podocnemis expansamediante repasto da sanguessuga Unoculubranchiobdella expansa. Os indivíduos capturados apresentaram prevalência de 100% quanto ao parasitismo por sanguessugas e 64,7% da população estudada estava parasitada por Sauroplasma sp. A intensidade de sanguessuga foi significativamente correlacionada com o índice de condição corporal (n = 17; rs= 0.812; p ≤ 0.001). Não houve correlação significativa entre a prevalência e a intensidade sanguessuga (χ2 = 2.1604; df = 1; p = 0.1416). Os filhotes submetidos à infecção, todos apresentaram Sauroplasma, não houve infecção de Hemogregarina.
¿Un servicio civil de donación de sangre? En torno a una propuesta de Cécile Fabre | A civilian service of blood donation? On a Cécile Fabre’s proposal
Authors: Cuadros Aguilera Pol 
Published: June 2019

Resumen: En su libro Whose Body is it Anyway? Justice and the Integrity of the Person, Cécile Fabre defiende que, en nombre de la justicia, los recursos de una sociedad deben redistribuirse entre los necesitados y que, entre esos recursos, está incluida la sangre humana, para cuya provisión propone la creación de un servicio civil obligatorio de donación de sangre. Lo que se hace aquí es examinar si, a pesar de lo paradójica que pueda resultar, cabría desarrollar su propuesta en nuestro país.
Abstract: In her book Whose Body is it Anyway? Justice and the Integrity of the Person, Cécile Fabre argues that, on behalf of justice, resources of a society should be redistributed to the needy and that, among those resources, human blood is included. For the provision of this material, she proposes the creation of a mandatory civilian service of blood donation. What we propose here is to check if, despite the paradox of his proposal, it could be developed a civilian service of blood donation in our country.
Las virtudes de la ciencia ficción | Sci-Fi Virtues
Authors: García Figueroa Alfonso Jaime 
Published: June 2019

Resumen: En este trabajo se examina el significado de la ciencia ficción para la reflexión jurídico-cinematográfica. Con ese fin, el autor explora los problemas a la hora de delimitar conceptualmente el género de ciencia ficción como paso previo al análisis de su virtualidad para promover el debate y la crítica jurídica, moral y política.

Abstract: This paper aims at exploring the meaning of Sci-Fi within the very field of the so-called Law and Cinema. With this purpose, the author describes the issues raised when defining the concept of Sci-Fi. This first step is needed before analysing how and to what extent Sci-Fi can foster legal, moral and political debate and criticism.