bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Think/No‐Think Alcohol Task: A New Paradigm for Assessing Memory Suppression in Alcohol‐Related Contexts
Authors: López‐Caneda Eduardo , Crego Alberto , Campos Ana D. , González‐Villar Alberto , Sampaio Adriana 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundResearch with the Think/No‐Think (TNT) task has shown that voluntary suppression of an unwanted memory may lead to its later forgetting. To date, however, no study has assessed the memory suppression abilities in alcohol‐related contexts despite the potential implications that it might have for alcohol research. With this aim, we developed a new version of the TNT paradigm, the TNT Alcohol (TNTA) task, which consists of 36 neutral pictures paired with 36 alcohol/no‐alcohol images that are instructed to be suppressed or recollected.MethodsElectroencephalographic activity was recorded from 64 electrodes while 20 young healthy females performed the TNTA task. The event‐related potentials (ERPs) typically involved in memory suppression/recollection were analyzed, namely the fronto‐central N2, the late parietal positivity (LPP), and the frontal slow wave (FSW).ResultsFindings revealed reduced recall for previously learned images that were subsequently instructed to be suppressed (No‐Think) relative to those instructed to be retrieved (Think) and those not cued to be suppressed or retrieved (Baseline). This reduction seemed to be more prominent for alcohol‐related memories. In addition, ERP analysis showed that compared to attempts of recollection, attempts of memory suppression were associated with attenuated LPP amplitude—more pronounced for alcohol‐related memories—(indicating reduced conscious recollection for No‐Think images) as well as with increased FSW (suggesting strategic control aiming at decrease accessibility of unwanted memories).ConclusionsThese results replicate and extend previously reported behavioral and ERP findings in the TNT paradigm and suggest that the TNTA task may be a useful instrument to measure the ability to suppress alcohol‐related memories.
One‐year follow‐up on liraglutide treatment for prediabetes and overweight/obesity in clozapine‐ or olanzapine‐treated patients
Authors: Svensson C. K. , Larsen J. R. , Vedtofte L. , Jakobsen M. S. L. , Jespersen H. R. , Jakobsen M. I. , Koyuncu K. , Schjerning O. , Nielsen J. , Ekstrøm C. T. , Correll C. U. , Vilsbøll T. , Fink‐Jensen A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTreatment with most antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of weight gain and metabolic disturbances. In a randomized trial, we previously demonstrated that 16 weeks of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide treatment vs. placebo significantly reduced glucometabolic disturbances and body weight in prediabetic, overweight/obese schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the beneficial effects of the 16‐week intervention were sustained beyond the intervention period.MethodOne year after completion of the intervention, we investigated changes in body weight, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C‐peptide, and lipids comparing 1‐year follow‐up levels to end of treatment (week 16) and baseline (week 0) levels.ResultsFrom end of treatment to the 1‐year follow‐up, body weight had increased in the liraglutide‐treated group. However, compared to baseline levels, the placebo‐subtracted body weight loss remained significantly reduced (−3.8 kg, 95% CI: −7.3 to −0.2, P = 0.04). Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C‐peptide, and lipids had each returned to baseline levels 1 year after stopping liraglutide.ConclusionThe body weight reduction during 16 weeks of liraglutide treatment was partially sustained 1 year after the intervention was completed. However, the improvements in other metabolic parameters returned to baseline levels.
National survey of routines for intrapartum fetal monitoring in Norway
Authors: Kaasen Anne , Aanstad Kristin J. , Pay Aase S. D. , Økland Inger , Blix Ellen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study describes clinical routines for intrapartum fetal monitoring in Norway and compliance with national clinical recommendations.Material and methodsA national survey of all (n = 48) birth units in Norway, using a self‐reporting questionnaire about fetal monitoring methods and devices available in the birth units, admission cardiotocography (CTG) use, intrapartum fetal monitoring methods for women with and without risk factors, the availability of fetal scalp blood sampling facilities, and umbilical cord blood sampling routines.ResultsAll birth units responded. They all had access to Pinard stethoscopes, hand‐held Doppler devices, and CTG. Half of the units used ST waveform analysis (STAN) as an adjunct to CTG. Furthermore, 23 of 48 units analyzed fetal blood samples and 43 of 48 umbilical cord blood gas samples. In 11 units, admission CTG was routinely offered to all women. No units used continuous CTG during labor in low‐risk women. However, three units routinely used intermittent CTG during the first stage of labor. Three units used CTG without having access to fetal blood samples or STAN.ConclusionsOur findings indicate some deviations from clinical recommendations in the use of intrapartum fetal monitoring in Norway. Three units used intermittent CTG for women without risk factors. Almost one in four units routinely used admission CTG, despite national clinical recommendations. The lack of access to fetal blood samples or STAN in units using CTG is of concern.
On the Accuracy of Hemolysis Models in Couette‐Type Blood Shearing Devices
Authors: Wu Peng , Boehning Fiete , Groß‐Hardt Sascha , Hsu Po‐Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHemolysis is one of the most challenging issues faced by blood contacting devices. Empirical hemolysis models often relate hemolysis to shear stress and exposure time. These models were generally derived from the experimental results of Couette‐type blood shearing devices, with assumption of uniform exposure time and shear stress. This assumption is not strictly valid since neither exposure time nor shear stress is uniform. Hence, this study evaluated the influence of the nonuniform exposure time and rotor eccentricity or run‐out on the accuracy of power‐law hemolysis models, using both theoretical and CFD analysis. This work first provided a systematic analysis of the flow regime in a typical Couette shearing device, and showed the axial flow component can be regarded as fully developed laminar plane Poiseuille flow. It was found that the influence of nonuniform exposure time is within 4% for several widely used power‐law models, which were validated by steady CFD simulations. A theoretical relationship was then built between the rotor run‐out and hemolysis. We noticed that the influence of rotor run‐out on hemolysis is within 5% for a moderate rotor run‐out ratio of 0.2. Next, transient CFD simulations were performed to investigate the influence of rotor run‐out on hemolysis with run‐out ratios of 0.1 and 0.2. The results showed negligible effects for a moderate run‐out ratio of 0.1. However, a run‐out ratio of 0.2 led to a significant increase of hemolysis, resulting from back flows induced by the run‐out of the rotor. These findings will be of great importance for the improvement of the hemolysis estimation and blood compatibility design.
Computational analysis of customized cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty restoration of native knee joint biomechanics
Authors: Koh Yong‐Gon , Lee Jin‐Ah , Chung Pill Ku , Kang Kyoung‐Tak 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to verify if customized prosthesis better preserves the native knee joint kinematics and provides lower contact stress on the polyethylene (PE) insert owing to the wider bone preservation than that of standard off‐the‐shelf prosthesis in posterior cruciate‐retaining type total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Validated finite element (FE) models for were developed to evaluate the knee joint kinematics and contact stress on the PE insert after TKA with customized and standard off‐the‐shelf (OTS) prostheses as well as in normal healthy knee through FE analysis under dynamic loading conditions. The contact stresses on the customized prosthesis decreased by 18% and 8% under gait cycle loading conditions, and 24% and 9% under deep‐knee‐bend loading conditions, in the medial and lateral sides of the PE insert, respectively, compared with the standard OTS prosthesis. The anterior‐posterior translation and internal‐external (IE) rotation in customized TKA were more similar to native knee joint behaviors compared with standard OTS TKA under gait loading conditions. The difference from normal knee kinematics was lower for femoral rollback and IE rotation in customized TKA than in standard OTS TKA in the deep‐knee‐bend condition. In general, customized prostheses achieve kinematics that are close to those of the native healthy knee joint and have better contact stresses than standard OTS prostheses in gait and deep‐knee‐bend loading conditions.
Increasing the removal of protein‐bound uremic toxins by liposome‐supported hemodialysis
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Wang Yifeng , Ma Shuai , Liu Tingyan , Tian Huajun , Zhu Qiuyu , Wang Wenji , Li Yulin , Ding Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProtein‐bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) accumulate at high plasma levels and cause various deleterious effects in end‐stage renal disease patients because their removal by conventional hemodialysis is severely limited by their low free‐fraction levels in plasma. Here, we assessed the extent to which solute removal can be increased by adding liposomes to the dialysate. The uptake of liposomes by direct incubation in vitro showed an obvious dose‐response relationship for p‐cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) but not for hippuric acid (HA). The percent removal of both PCS and IS but not of HA was gradually increased with the increased concentration of liposomes in a rapid equilibrium dialysis setup. In vitro closed circulation showed that adding liposomes to the dialysate markedly increased the dialysances of PBUTs without greatly altering that of urea and creatinine. In vivo experiments in uremic rats demonstrated that adding liposomes to the dialysate resulted in higher reduction ratios (RRs) and more total solute removal (TSR) for several PBUTs compared to the conventional dialysate, which was approximately similar to the addition of bovine serum albumin to the dialysate. These findings highlight that as an adjunct to conventional hemodialysis, addition of liposomes to the dialysate could significantly improve the removal of protein‐bound uremic solutes without greatly altering the removal of small, water‐soluble solutes.
Fatty acid taste quality information via GPR120 in the anterior tongue of mice
Authors: Yasumatsu Keiko , Iwata Shusuke , Inoue Mayuko , Ninomiya Yuzo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo elucidate whether fatty acid taste has a quality that does not overlap with other primary qualities, we investigated potential neuron types coding fatty acid information and how GPR120 is involved.MethodsSingle fibre recordings in the chorda tympani (CT) nerve and behavioural response measurements using a conditioned taste aversion paradigm were performed in GPR120‐knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice.ResultsSingle fibres can be classified into fatty acid (F)‐, S‐, M‐, electrolyte (E)‐, Q‐, and N‐type groups according to the maximal response among oleic acid, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate (MPG), HCl, quinine hydrochloride, and NaCl respectively. Among fibres, 4.0% in GPR120‐KO and 17.9% in WT mice showed a maximal response to oleic acid (F‐type). Furthermore, half or more of S‐ and M‐type fibres showed responses to fatty acids in both mouse strains, although the thresholds in KO mice were significantly higher and impulse frequencies lower than those in WT mice. GPR120‐KO mice conditioned to avoid linoleic acid showed generalized stimulus avoidances for MPG, indicating qualitative similarity between linoleic acid and MPG. The KO mice showed a higher generalization threshold for linoleic acid than that of WT mice.ConclusionFatty acid taste is suggested to have a unique quality owing to the discovery of F‐type fibres, with GPR120 involved in neural information pathways for a unique quality and palatable taste qualities in the mouse CT nerve. GPR120 plays roles in distinguishing fatty acid taste from other primary tastes and the detection of low linoleic acid concentrations.
Comparison of microridges in juvenile and adult sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus
Authors: DePasquale Joseph A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroridges are F‐actin‐based surface protrusions of the superficial layer cells of fish epidermis. Microridge patterns progress in complexity during fish embryogenesis, often transitioning from abundant surface microvilli to the classical fingerprint arrangement. This progression suggests pattern changes may also occur during later stages of fish development. Fluorescent labelling of F‐actin and morphometric analysis were therefore used to assess changes in epidermal microridge patterns in juvenile and adult sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). The microridge patterns found in adult pumpkinseed were similar to that described for many fishes, consisting of whorls or complex multi‐branched ridges. The microridge patterns of the scales from three different‐sized groups of juvenile pumpkinseed were distinctly different from that of adult, however, and were present mainly as unbranched concentric or nearly concentric rings in the two larger juvenile groups. In the smallest juveniles, microridges were often apparent as fragmented ridges with abundant actin puncta. Larger juveniles sometimes displayed mixed patterns, with some microridges similar to that of both adult and juvenile patterns. The results show a transition from simple microridge patterns in juvenile pumpkinseeds to distinctly different, diverse and more complex patterns in adults. The different pattern types may reflect particular microridge functions relevant to fish size and age.
School attitude and perceived teacher acceptance: Developmental trajectories, temporal relations, and gender differences
Authors: Arens A. Katrin , Niepel Christoph 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPositive school attitudes defined as students’ school liking and school attachment are positively related to many desirable outcomes. Student–teacher relations have often been considered to be an important determinant of school attitudes.AimsStudents’ perceived teacher acceptance was used as an indicator for student–teacher relations. Using a longitudinal data set, we examined the developmental trajectories of school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance. In addition, we studied the temporal relations between both constructs.. We also examined gender differences in the mean levels, mean level development, and relations of school attitudes and teacher acceptance.SampleThe sample consisted of 2,376 German elementary school students.MethodsThe students rated their school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance three times across grade levels 3–4. Latent growth curve models were used to examine the developmental trajectories of both constructs. Cross‐lagged panel models were used to examine the temporal relations between both constructs.ResultsPositive school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance declined across time. School attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance were positively and reciprocally related across the three waves. Boys and girls did not differ in their temporal relations between school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance and in the developmental trajectories of both constructs. Girls were found to display higher mean levels of school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance.ConclusionsResearch and practice should seek for effective means to counteract the decline of students’ positive school attitudes and perceived teacher acceptance. Interventions to foster students’ school attitudes might benefit from enhancing student–teacher relations, and vice versa.
Scaffolding learner autonomy in a wiki‐supported knowledge building community and its implications for mindset change
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yi , Reigeluth Charles M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrior research has revealed resistance against wiki collaboration in higher education classrooms. Compared with small‐group projects, whole‐class knowledge building (KB) on a wiki is difficult, given students’ lack of similar experiences, which requires scaffolding intersubjectivity and transfer of responsibility. This paper focuses on the second cycle of a design‐based research study to develop learner autonomy in wiki‐supported KB. A learner autonomy framework guided the re‐design of the instructional theory with content from the relevant literature. The theory was implemented in an undergraduate design course to validate and refine the theory. We analyzed the data from observations, wiki content, interviews with the expert instructor and two other instructors and a focus‐group interview with students. We found that the KB principles helped students understand KB; and the self‐regulation and meta‐cognition strategies increased motivation and confidence in KB. From the success of this case, we propose that scaffolding learner autonomy for a wiki‐supported KB calls for a change in students’ learning mindsets and requires careful instructional design to support the cognitive, behavioral and affective aspects of change to reduce resistance.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topicKnowledge building (KB) should be practiced to enhance students’ competency in innovating and improving ideas collaboratively for societal progress.Wiki‐supported whole‐class KB is more difficult than wiki‐supported small‐group projects owing to students’ lack of experience in KB.What this paper addsAn instructional theory designed to foster learner autonomy in KB on a class wiki.Success in fostering KB on a class wiki validates the instructional methods and suggests refinements to help students understand KB and increase their motivation and confidence in doing so.Implications for practice and/or policyAutonomy in KB requires scaffolding in the behavioral, cognitive and affective aspects.Although wiki‐supported KB challenges students who have a teacher‐centered mindset of learning or have been immersed in a culture of competition, it brings an opportunity to change students’ mindset to favor co‐constructed learning and create a culture of sharing in the process of adopting it.
Holocene floristic diversity and richness in northeast Norway revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and pollen
Authors: Clarke Charlotte L. , Edwards Mary E. , Brown Antony G. , Gielly Ludovic , Lammers Youri , Heintzman Peter D. , Ancin‐Murguzur Francisco Javier , Bråthen Kari‐Anne , Goslar Tomasz , Alsos Inger G. 
Published: October 2018

We present a Holocene record of floristic diversity and environmental change for the central Varanger Peninsula, Finnmark, based on ancient DNA extracted from the sediments of a small lake (sedaDNA). The record covers the period c. 10 700 to 3300 cal. a BP and is complemented by pollen data. Measures of species richness, sample evenness and beta diversity were calculated based on sedaDNA sampling intervals and 1000‐year time windows. We identified 101 vascular plant and 17 bryophyte taxa, a high proportion (86%) of which are still growing within the region today. The high species richness (>60 taxa) observed in the Early Holocene, including representatives from all important plant functional groups, shows that modern shrub‐tundra communities, and much of their species complement, were in place as early as c. 10 700 cal. a BP. We infer that postglacial colonization of the area occurred prior to the full Holocene, during the Pleistocene‐Holocene transition, Younger Dryas stadial or earlier. Abundant DNA of the extra‐limital aquatic plant Callitriche hermaphroditica suggests it expanded its range northward between c. 10 200 and 9600 cal. a BP, when summers were warmer than present. High values of Pinus DNA occur throughout the record, but we cannot say with certainty if they represent prior local presence; however, pollen influx values >500 grains cm−2 a−1 between c. 8000 and 7300 cal. a BP strongly suggest the presence of pine woodland during this period. As the site lies beyond the modern tree limit of pine, it is likely that this expansion also reflects a response to warmer Early Holocene summers.
A Mathematical Model of How People Solve Most Variants of the Number‐Line Task
Authors: Cohen Dale J. , Blanc‐Goldhammer Daryn , Quinlan Philip T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrent understanding of the development of quantity representations is based primarily on performance in the number‐line task. We posit that the data from number‐line tasks reflect the observer's underlying representation of quantity, together with the cognitive strategies and skills required to equate line length and quantity. Here, we specify a unified theory linking the underlying psychological representation of quantity and the associated strategies in four variations of the number‐line task: the production and estimation variations of the bounded and unbounded number‐line tasks. Comparison of performance in the bounded and unbounded number‐line tasks provides a unique and direct way to assess the role of strategy in number‐line completion. Each task produces a distinct pattern of data, yet each pattern is hypothesized to arise, at least in part, from the same underlying psychological representation of quantity. Our model predicts that the estimated biases from each task should be equivalent if the different completion strategies are modeled appropriately and no other influences are at play. We test this equivalence hypothesis in two experiments. The data reveal all variations of the number‐line task produce equivalent biases except for one: the estimation variation of the bounded number‐line task. We discuss the important implications of these findings.
Echocardiographic right ventricular strain from multiple apical views is superior for assessment of right ventricular systolic function
Authors: Werther Evaldsson A. , Ingvarsson A. , Smith J. G. , Rådegran G. , Roijer A. , Waktare J. , Ostenfeld E. , Meurling C. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) systolic function is an important determinant of outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Conventional echocardiographic measures of RV are mainly based on longitudinal contractility. Recently, measurement of RV global longitudinal strain derived from multiple windows (RVGLS) has emerged as an option but has not been well evaluated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which echocardiographic RV function parameter correlates best with RV ejection fraction derived from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (RVEFCMR).Methods and resultsFifty‐five patients evaluated for PH underwent RV assessment with echocardiography and CMR. Conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV function including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S′), RV fractional area change (RVFAC) and RV index of myocardial performance (RIMP). RVGLS was measured from three separate apical views using a 17‐segment model and strain from the lateral free wall was calculated separately (RVfree). The study included 55 patients, whereas assessment of RVGLS could be obtained in 29 patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient with RVEFCMR was strong for RVGLS (r = 0·814, P<0·001) and RVfree (r = 0·778, P<0·001), modest for RVFAC (r = 0·681, P<0·001), TAPSE (r = 0·592, P<0·001) and RIMP (r=−0·521, P<0·01), and weak for S′ (r = 0·385, P<0·01).ConclusionThe echocardiographic RV measures, RVGLS and RVfree correlated well with RVEFCMR, whereas correlation with TAPSE, RIMP and S′ was unsatisfactory. Our findings suggest that RVGLS and RVfree are the preferred echocardiographic methods for clinical practice. RVfree is easiest to perform but RVGLS could provide incremental value in selected patients.