bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viruses (HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV-1 and Parvovirus B19) Among Hemophilia Patients in Afghanistan
Authors: Mousavi Sayed Hamid , Khairkhah Niloofar , Bahri Tina Delsouz , Anvar Ali , Saraji Alireza Azizi , Behnava Bita , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Namvar Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlood-borne viruses including Hepatitis B and C, HIV, HTLV-1 and parvovirus B19 are still a factor of concern, especially for hemophilia patients. Although the safety of the blood supply continues to improve worldwide, the blood supply system in Afghanistan was damaged by many years of conflict and political instability. To date, there are few studies focused on the prevalence of blood-borne viruses in hemophilia patients. This study is first to investigate the prevalence of five blood-borne viruses in Afghanistan hemophilia patients in four cities including Kabul, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif and Jalal Abad. A total of 80 hemophilia male patients were screening for the presence of five transfusion-transmitted viruses using ELISA and PCR. Data obtained showed 2.5% seropositivity for HBV, 8.75% seropositivity for HCV, and 91.25% seropositivity for parvovirus B19. None of the patients were positive for HIV and HTLV-1 and the prevalence of HCV was higher in older patients rather than younger patients. This finding, the first to report in Afghanistan, shows a high prevalence of parvovirus B19 in Afghanistan hemophilia patients and implementation of highly sensitive screening is necessary.
Assessment of forest restoration with multitemporal remote sensing imagery
Authors: Liu Cheng-Chien , Chen Yi-Hsin , Wu Mei-Heng Margaret , Wei Chiang , Ko Ming-Hsun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimate variability and man-made impacts have severely damaged forests around the world in recent years, which calls for an urgent need of restoration aiming toward long-term sustainability for the forest environment. This paper proposes a new three-level decision tree (TLDT) approach to map forest, shadowy, bare and low-vegetated lands sequentially by integrating three spectral indices. TLDT requires neither image normalization nor atmospheric correction, and improves on the other methods by introducing more levels of decision tree classification with inputs from the same multispectral imagery. This approach is validated by comparing the results obtained from aerial orthophotos (25 cm) that were acquired at approximately the same time in which the Formosa-2 images (8 m) were being taken. The overall accuracy is as high as 96.8% after excluding the deviations near the boundary of each class caused by the different resolutions. With TLDT, the effectiveness of forest restoration at 30 sites are assessed using all available multispectral Formosat-2 images acquired between 2005 and 2016. The distinction between natural regeneration and regrowth enhanced by restoration efforts were also made by using the existing dataset and TLDT developed in this research. This work supports the use of multitemporal remote sensing imagery as a reliable source of data for assessing the effectiveness of forest restoration on a regular basis. This work also serves as the basis for studying the global trend of forest restoration in the future.
MHD flow of Maxwell fluid with nanomaterials due to an exponentially stretching surface
Authors: Farooq Umer , Lu Dianchen , Munir Shahzad , Ramzan Muhammad , Suleman Muhammad , Hussain Shahid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn many industrial products stretching surfaces and magnetohydrodynamics are being used. The purpose of this article is to analyze magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid with nanomaterials in a surface which is stretching exponentially. Thermophoretic and Brownian motion effects are incorporated using Buongiorno model. The given partial differential system is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential system by employing adequate self-similarity transformations. Locally series solutions are computed using BVPh 2.0 for wide range of governing parameters. It is observed that the flow is expedite for higher Deborah and Hartman numbers. The impact of thermophoresis parameter on the temperature profile is minimal. Mathematically, this study describes the reliability of BVPh 2.0 and physically we may conclude the study of stretching surfaces for non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid in the presence of nanoparticles can be used to obtain desired qualities.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Cambodia during 2016–2017
Authors: Nouhin Janin , Iwamoto Momoko , Prak Sophearot , Dousset Jean-Philippe , Phon Kerya , Heng Seiha , Kerleguer Alexandra , Le Paih Mickaël , Dussart Philippe , Maman David , Rouet François 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Cambodia, little epidemiological data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is available. All previous studies were limited to only small or specific populations. In the present study, we performed a characterization of HCV genetic diversity based on demography, clinical data, and phylogenetic analysis of HCV non-structural 5B (NS5B) sequences belonging to a large cohort of patients (n = 3,133) coming from majority part of Cambodia between September 2016 and December 2017. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCV genotype 1 and 6 were the most predominant and sharing equal proportions (46%). The remaining genotypes were genotype 2 (4.3%) and unclassified variants (3.6%). Among genotype 1, subtype 1b was the most prevalent subtype accounting for 94%. Within genotype 6, we observed a high degree of diversity and the most common viral subtypes were 6e (44%) and 6r (23%). This characteristic points to the longstanding history of HCV in Cambodia. Geographic specificity of viral genotype was not observed. Risks of HCV infection were mainly associated with experience of an invasive medical procedure (64.7%), having partner with HCV (19.5%), and blood transfusion (9.9%). In addition, all of these factors were comparable among different HCV genotypes. All these features define the specificity of HCV epidemiology in Cambodia.
Downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the Down syndrome hippocampus
Authors: Granno Simone , Nixon-Abell Jonathon , Berwick Daniel C. , Tosh Justin , Heaton George , Almudimeegh Sultan , Nagda Zenisha , Rain Jean-Christophe , Zanda Manuela , Plagnol Vincent , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , Cleverley Karen , Wiseman Frances K. , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Harvey Kirsten 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPathological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome (DS)/Trisomy 21, including dysregulation of essential signalling processes remain poorly understood. Combining bioinformatics with RNA and protein analysis, we identified downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of adult DS individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and the ‘Tc1’ DS mouse model. Providing a potential underlying molecular pathway, we demonstrate that the chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A regulates Wnt signalling via a novel bimodal mechanism. Under basal conditions, DYRK1A is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin. Following pathway activation, however, DYRK1A exerts the opposite effect, increasing signalling activity. In summary, we identified downregulation of hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DS, possibly mediated by a dose dependent effect of the chromosome 21-encoded kinase DYRK1A. Overall, we propose that dosage imbalance of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A affects downstream Wnt target genes. Therefore, modulation of Wnt signalling may open unexplored avenues for DS and Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Fabrication of Pd NPs-supported porous carbon by integrating the reducing reactivity and carbon-rich network of lignin
Authors: Han Guocheng , Jiang Qimeng , Ye Weijie , Liu Chuanfu , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe renewable resource as a major feedstock to prepare porous carbon has showed many advantages compared to fossil-based materials. This study proposes a new strategy to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs)-supported porous carbon, utilizing both the chemical reactivity and the carbon-rich 3D network of lignin. The Pd NPs-supported porous carbons were prepared in one-pot synthesis, with Pd(NH3)2Cl2 as precursor, lignin as reducing and stabilizing agents of Pd NPs, nano SiO2 as hard-template, followed by carbonization and removal of the template. The results reveal a positive effect of Pd precursor dosage on the development and excellent texture of the Pd NPs-supported porous carbon. Accordingly, the synthesized porous carbon was proved to have large micropore volume and good micro-mesopore porous structure, revealing it a promising hydrogen adsorbent.
Systemic inflammation contributes to impairment of quality of life in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Robinson Stuart M. , Rasch Sebastian , Beer Sebastian , Valantiene Irena , Mickevicius Artautas , Schlaipfer Elisabeth , Mann Jelena , Maisonneuve Patrick , Charnley Richard M. , Rosendahl Jonas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibrotic disorder of the pancreas leading to clinical sequelae like pain and an excess of comorbidity including cardiovascular disease and cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between systemic inflammation and quality of life in patients with CP. Patients were prospectively recruited and underwent a quality of life assessment (EORTC QLQ-C30 and PAN 28). The serum inflammatory profile was assessed using an MSD 30-plex array. The relationship between clinical variables, inflammatory cytokines and quality of life was determined by a GLM-MANOVA and the individual impact of significant variables evaluated by a second ANOVA. In total, 211 patients with a median age of 53 years were recruited across 5 European centres. Gender, age, nicotine and alcohol abuse were clinical variables associated with altered quality of life. Systemic inflammation with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-16, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1a, TARC, TNFß) was associated with diminished quality of life in general and specific domains including pain, physical and cognitive functioning. As conclusion, CP is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that has a negative impact on quality of life and accelerates aging.
A high-throughput and ultrasensitive identification methodology for unauthorized GMP component based on suspension array and logical calculator
Authors: Zhu Pengyu , Fu Wei , Wei Shuang , Liu Xiao , Wang Chenguang , Lu Yun , Shang Ying , Wu Xiyang , Wu Yuping , Zhu Shuifang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo solve the problem of the unauthorized GMP components within import and export goods, the LI-US (Logic Identification of unauthorized GMP content by Universal-primer Suspension-array) system, which takes advantage of suspension array and logic calculator, was developed in the present study. Seventeen signal input channels have been optimized and validated in our research to ensure the multiplex practicality of the LI-US system. Three LI-US logic gates, including a YES gate, an OR gate and an AND gate, were designed as different detection strategies for GMP identification. The feasibility and specificity of the LI-US system were validated in the present study. Combining the optimization and evaluation of the signal input procedure, the sensitivity of this LI-US system reached 0.05% of the GMP mass concentration. The practicability evaluation of LI-US demonstrated its application within different substrates and varieties. In conclusion, the LI-US system was developed with extremely high specificity, sensitivity and practicability among different substrates and varieties, which could meet the demands of unauthorized GMP contents for both import and export goods.
Radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Authors: Mani R. G. , Kriisa A. , Munasinghe R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine the characteristics of the microwave/mm-wave/terahertz radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene and report that the oscillation frequency of the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in the massless, linearly dispersed monolayer graphene system should depend strongly both on the Fermi energy, and the radiation frequency, unlike in the case of the massive, parabolic, GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system, where the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillation frequency depends mainly on the radiation frequency. This possible dependence of the magnetoresistance oscillation frequency on the Fermi level at a fixed radiation frequency also suggests a sensitivity to the gate voltage in gated graphene, which suggests an in-situ tunable photo-excitation response in monolayer graphene that could be useful for sensing applications. In sharp contrast to monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene is expected to show radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations more similar to the results observed in the GaAs/AlGaAs 2D system. Such expectations for the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations are presented here to guide future experimental studies in both of these modern atomic layer material systems.
Status and predictors of planning ability in adult long-term survivors of CNS tumors and other types of childhood cancer
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Tibubos Ana N. , Unterrainer Josef , Burghardt Juliane , Brähler Elmar , Wild Philipp S. , Jünger Claus , Faber Jörg , Schneider Astrid , Beutel Manfred E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong-term childhood cancer survivors’ (CCS) quality of life can be impacted by late effects such as cognitive difficulties. Especially survivors of CNS tumors are assumed to be at risk, but reports of cognitive tests in CCS with survival times >25 years are scarce. We assessed planning ability, a capacity closely related to fluid intelligence, using the Tower of London. We compared 122 CNS tumor survivors, 829 survivors of other cancers (drawn from a register-based sample of adult long-term CCS), and 215 healthy controls (using sex-specific one-way ANOVAs and t-tests). Associations of CCS’ planning ability with medical and psychosocial factors were investigated with a hierarchical linear regression analysis. Mean planning ability did not differ between CCS and controls. However, female CNS tumor survivors performed worse than female survivors of other cancers and female controls. CNS tumor survivors of both sexes had a lower socioeconomic status, and fewer of them had achieved high education than other survivors. In the regression analysis, lower status and anxiety symptoms were associated with poor planning, suggesting possible mediators of effects of disease and treatment. The results indicate the necessity to contextualize test results, and to include cognitive and psychological assessments into aftercare.
Rückenschmerzen: Wann muss man einweisen?
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Märker-Hermann Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the case of acute back pain, the indication for inpatient diagnosis and therapy is rarely given. The indication is provided if a potentially dangerous disease situation is suspected and if the pain is immobilizing or cannot be controlled on an outpatient basis. The high treatment numbers in German hospitals indicate that there is overuse in the treatment of back pain. Back pain, especially acute low back pain, is a frequent consultative activity of general practitioners. Serious diseases of the spine occur in only about 1 % of cases in GP practices. Identifying potentially dangerous disease outcomes requires a detailed history and thorough physical examination of the unclothed patient. “Red flags”, together with the overall clinical impression of the patient, provide decisive warnings for urgently needed back pain. Common non-specific low back pain can be treated on an outpatient basis by prescribing painkillers and instructions for exercise by GPs.
Triage bei Kopfschmerz in der Hausarztpraxis: Wann einweisen?
Authors: Carmienke Solveig , Holle-Lee Dagny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHeadache is one of patients’ most common reasons to consult their general practitioner and covers about 2 – 5 % of the consultations in primary care. Often, the general practitioner is the first to be contacted by patients with headache. Mostly, headaches are primary and only 2 % of the patients have secondary headaches. The distinction between primary and secondary headache is the most important step in the management of patients with headache in primary care. Therefore, this article shows important elements of anamnesis and examination of headache patients in primary care. Furthermore, this article focuses on identification of red flags and yellow flags in the consultation of patients with headache and suggests recommendations for referral to emergency department, hospital care or specialist treatment.
Polymikrobielle Leberabszesse und Pleuraempyem bei einem 40-jährigen Mann nach Zahnextraktion und geschlossener Parodontitis-Behandlung: Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Schimmel Thomas , Trawinski Henning , Karlas Thomas , Wendt Sebastian , Lübbert Christoph 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 40-jährigen Patienten, der sich mit Fieber, Druckschmerz im rechten Oberbauch, atemabhängigen rechtsseitigen Thoraxschmerzen und akuter Dyspnoe vorstellte. Bildgebend wurden größere Leberabszesse sowie ein ausgedehntes rechtsseitiges Pleuraempyem nachgewiesen. 16 Wochen zuvor hatte sich der Patient einer Zahnextraktion aller 3. Molaren (18, 28, 38, 48) und eines 1. Molaren (46) sowie einer systematischen geschlossenen Parodontitis-Behandlung unterzogen. Im Pleura- bzw. Leberabszesspunktat wurden vier verschiedene Spezies der physiologischen Mikrobiota der Mundhöhle nachgewiesen (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella denticola). Ein zugrundeliegender Immundefekt war nicht nachweisbar. Unter sonografisch gesteuerter Leberabszessdrainage, operativer Versorgung des Pleuraempyems mittels Video-assistierter Thorakoskopie (VATS) und Einlage von Thorax-Saug-Drainagen sowie gezielter antibiotischer Therapie kam es innerhalb von 6 Wochen zur vollständigen Ausheilung. Der Fallbericht veranschaulicht relevante Infektionsrisiken größerer zahnärztlicher Interventionen und diskutiert die derzeitigen Empfehlungen zur Durchführung einer periinterventionellen antimikrobiellen Therapie in den zahnärztlichen Leitlinien. Wichtig erscheint vor allem eine gute klinische Nachbeobachtung betroffener Patienten.
Evolution of HCV patient characteristics and DAA regimens in the German Hepatitis C Registry (DHC-R) in 2014 and 2015
Authors: Sarrazin Christoph , Buggisch Peter , Mauss Stefan , Müller Tobias , Zimmermann Tim , Klinker Hartwig , Pathil-Warth Anita , Schlag Michael , Nalpas Catherine , Wegner Sven , Lonjon-Domanec Isabelle , Simon Karl-Georg 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background The urgent need in HCV-infected patients with liver disease mandated the rapid implementation of IFN-free DAA combination therapies following their regulatory approval in 2014 and 2015 without full knowledge of the optimal combinations and regimens. Investigating the evolution of the DAA utilization patterns and treatment outcomes could provide learnings for future situations.
Methods This was an analysis of a prospective observational database from the German Hepatitis C Registry (DHC-R) covering a period from May 2014 to September 2015. Adult patients had evidence of chronic HCV GT1 or GT4 infection and were treated with an IFN-free combination regimen of simeprevir (SMV) + sofosbuvir (SOF) or other IFN-free regimens: daclatasvir + sofosbuvir (DCV + SOF), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (SOF/LDV), paritaprevir/r + ombitasvir ± dasabuvir (PrOD), with or without ribavirine (R).
Results A total of 5496 subjects were followed during the period. During this period, clinical recommendations and treatment patterns evolved rapidly in response to new evidence from clinical trials and clinical routine and regulatory approval of additional regimens. High SVR12 rates were seen in this cohort, even in hard-to-treat patient subgroups. In the multivariate analysis, gender, age, advanced cirrhosis, and intensified treatment for cirrhotics were associated with treatment outcome.
Conclusion Despite limited knowledge of the optimal utilization of the newly approved DAA combinations and treatment durations as well as their comparative efficacy and safety profiles, high SVR rates were achieved regardless of the DAA combination. These outcomes were facilitated by the rapid adaptation of clinical recommendations. Future situations with high unmet medical need may follow a similar approach.
Natrium carbonicum und der Pfeffer
Authors: Fischer Ulrich 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungEin klinisches Symptom ist richtungsweisend bei der Behandlung eines Patienten, der seit 30 Jahren an einer Dermatitis leidet. Die wesentlichen Symptome wurden anhand von Bönninghausens Therapeutischem Taschenbuch analysiert, repertorisiert und anschließend erfolgreich mit Natrium carbonicum behandelt. In den weiteren Ausführungen wird einerseits verdeutlicht, wie bedeutsam eine klare Trennung zwischen verifizierten Prüfungssymptomen und klinischen Symptomen bzw. wie sinnvoll eine Kennzeichnung der klinischen Symptome ist und andererseits in welcher Hinsicht klinische Symptome unsere Arbeit bereichern können.
Bradykinin Generation In Clinical Blood Samples: An Index Of Intrinsic Coagulation Activation
Authors: van Rosevelt R F , Philipse-Hoorweq E M , Armstrong A L , van Aken W G , Mourik J A van 
Published: May 2019

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is frequently elevated in thromboembolism and DIC. As to the question which of the coagulation pathways (intrinsic vs extrinsic) is triggered under these conditions, measurement of FPA alone permits no answer. We measured both kallikrein (reflecting contact activation) and FPA in patients with classical DIC, established deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Circulating kallikrein was measured as its capacity to generate bradykinin (BK) in whole blood (in the presence of kininase inhibitors) immediately after venipuncture. After incubation for 10 min. at room temp, kallikrein inhibitors were added. The increment of the BK concentration (ΔBK) -measured by radioimmunoassay- was used as marker of circulating kallikrein. The specificity and sensitivity of this method were superior to amidolytic assays for kallikrein.These data indicate the measurement of ΔBK is a potential tool to discriminate between intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation activation. In 2 patients with thromboembolism FPA normalised upon adequate anticogulant therapy, whereas ΔBK remained accerlerated for several weeks. This observation suggests that in these patients anticoagulant therapy was not adequate in eleminating the cause of coagulation activation. It is known that FPA is also frequently elevated in a variety of disorders not primarily associated with thrombosis or DIC. In 36 patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, FPA was elevated in 20 cases, whereas only in 1 patient ΔBK was accelerated (together with elevated FPA). We therefore conclude that the measurement of ΔBK is a more specific marker of intravascular coagulation activation, than the measurement of FPA.