bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment and Long-Term Outcome of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations-Related Epilepsy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lin Qiao , Jia Yan-Zeng , Pei Jia-Sheng , Xiao Hui , Zhang Ting-Ting , Zhong Zhong-Hui , Wang Shou-Sen , Yang Peng-Fan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are vascular malformations affecting any part of the central nervous system. Clinical data and surgical outcomes for 27 pediatric patients with CM-related epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of onset was 12.71 ± 4.09 years, and the mean duration of epilepsy was 2.34 ± 1.95 years. All 27 patients were treated with microsurgery for resection of the CMs, and the hemosiderin rim, and the secondary epileptogenic zone if necessary. The mean follow-up period was 6.34 ± 3.35 years, and the overall postoperative outcomes were positive. Note that 77.8% of patients were seizure-free postoperatively. The other patients with residual epilepsy received incomplete resection of the hemosiderin rim or the secondary epileptogenic zone due to retention of vital neurological functions. Surgical treatment for pediatric patients with symptomatic supratentorial CMs is safe and effective. Early intervention is recommended to resect CMs, the hemosiderin rim, and the epileptogenic cortex, even in cases of multiple CMs.
Commentary on “Nonunique tangent maps at isolated singularities of harmonic maps” by Brian White
Authors: Minicozzi William 
Published: April 2018

Immediately following the commentary below, this previously published article is reprinted in its entirety: Brian White, “Nonunique tangent maps at isolated singularities of harmonic maps”, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 26 (1992), no. 1, 123–129.
Semi‐Parametric Generalized Additive Vector Autoregressive Models of Spatial Basis Dynamics
Authors: Guney Selin , Goodwin Barry K. , Riquelme Andrés 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn extensive line of research has examined linkages among spatially‐distinct markets. We apply semi‐parametric, generalized additive vector autoregressive models to a consideration of basis linkages among North Carolina corn and soybean markets. An extensive suite of linearity tests suggests that basis and price relationships are nonlinear. Marginal effects, transmission elasticities, and generalized impulse responses are utilized to describe patterns of adjustment among markets. The semi‐parametric models are compared to standard threshold vector autoregressive models and are found to reveal more statistical significance and substantially more nonlinearity in basis adjustments. Marginal effects are nonlinear and impulse responses suggest greater adjustments to extreme shocks and asymmetric adjustment patterns. The results provide evidence in favor of efficiently linked markets.
DEsingle for detecting three types of differential expression in single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Miao Zhun , Deng Ke , Wang Xiaowo , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Summary
The excessive amount of zeros in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data includes ‘real’ zeros due to the on-off nature of gene transcription in single cells and ‘dropout’ zeros due to technical reasons. Existing differential expression (DE) analysis methods cannot distinguish these two types of zeros. We developed an R package DEsingle which employed Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model to estimate the proportion of real and dropout zeros and to define and detect three types of DE genes in scRNA-seq data with higher accuracy.

Availability and implementation
The R package DEsingle is freely available at Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/DEsingle).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On K-Polystability of cscK Manifolds with Transcendental Cohomology Class
Authors: Sjöström Dyrefelt Zakarias 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper we study K-polystability of arbitrary (possibly non-projective) compact Kähler manifolds admitting holomorphic vector fields. As a main result we show that existence of a constant scalar curvature Kähler (cscK) metric implies geodesic K-polystability, in a sense that is expected to be equivalent to K-polystability in general. In particular, in the spirit of an expectation of Chen–Tang [28] we show that geodesic K-polystability implies algebraic K-polystability for polarized manifolds, so our main result recovers a possibly stronger version of results of Berman–Darvas–Lu [10] in this case. As a key part of the proof we also study subgeodesic rays with singularity type prescribed by singular test configurations and prove a result on asymptotics of the K-energy functional along such rays. In an appendix by R. Dervan it is moreover deduced that geodesic K-polystability implies equivariant K-polystability. This improves upon the results of [39] and proves that existence of a cscK (or extremal) Kähler metric implies equivariant K-polystability (resp. relative K-stability).
Efficient common-envelope ejection through dust-driven winds
Authors: Glanz Hila , Perets Hagai B 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Common-envelope evolution (CEE) is the short-lived phase in the life of an interacting binary system during which two stars orbit inside a single shared envelope. Such evolution is thought to lead to the inspiral of the binary, the ejection of the extended envelope, and the formation of a remnant short-period binary. However, detailed hydrodynamical models of CEE encounter major difficulties. They show that following the inspiral most of the envelope is not ejected; though it expands to larger separations, it remains bound to the binary. Here we propose that dust-driven winds can be produced following the CEE. These can evaporate the envelope following similar processes operating in the ejection of the envelopes of AGB (Asymptotic Gian Branch) stars. Pulsations in an AGB star drive the expansion of its envelope, allowing the material to cool down to low temperatures thus enabling dust condensation. Radiation pressure on the dust accelerates it, and through its coupling to the gas it drives winds that eventually completely erode the envelope. We show that the inspiral phase in CE binaries can effectively replace the role of stellar pulsation and drive the CE expansion to scales comparable with those of AGB stars, and gives rise to efficient mass-loss through dust-driven winds.
Canada-Wide Epidemic of emm74 Group A Streptococcus Invasive Disease
Authors: Teatero Sarah , McGeer Allison , Tyrrell Gregory J , Hoang Linda , Smadi Hanan , Domingo Marc-Christian , Levett Paul N , Finkelstein Michael , Dewar Ken , Plevneshi Agron , Athey Taryn B T , Gubbay Jonathan B , Mulvey Michael R , Martin Irene , Demczuk Walter , Fittipaldi Nahuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe number of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections due to hitherto extremely rare type emm74 strains has increased in several Canadian provinces since late 2015. We hypothesized that the cases recorded in the different provinces are linked and caused by strains of an emm74 clone that recently emerged and expanded explosively.MethodsWe analyzed both active and passive surveillance data for iGAS infections and used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the emm74 strains responsible for these invasive infections country-wide.ResultsGenome analysis showed that highly clonal emm74 strains, genetically different from emm74 organisms previously circulating in Canada, were responsible for a country-wide epidemic of &gt;160 invasive disease cases. The emerging clone belonged to multilocus sequence typing ST120. The analysis also revealed dissemination patterns of emm74 subclonal lineages across Canadian provinces. Clinical data analysis indicated that the emm74 epidemic disproportionally affected middle-aged or older male individuals. Homelessness, alcohol abuse, and intravenous drug usage were significantly associated with invasive emm74 infections.ConclusionsIn a period of 20 months, an emm74 GAS clone emerged and rapidly spread across several Canadian provinces located more than 4500 km apart, causing invasive infections primarily among disadvantaged persons.
Examining the Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Filler With Integral Lidocaine in Correcting Volume Loss of the Jawline—A Pilot Study
Authors: Juhász Margit L.W. , Marmur Ellen S. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Patients seek 3-dimensional volume restoration of the jawline to obtain a “defined” line. Injection of filler into the jawline is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration; however, dermatologists have injected this area with positive results, minimal adverse events, and high patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE
This study explores the efficacy of premixed calcium hydroxylapatite filler with integral lidocaine [CaHA(+)] to correct volume defects of the jawline. It examines the longevity, safety, and patient satisfaction (up to 12 months) of CaHA(+) for jawline volume loss correction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a single-investigator, nonblinded study. Twenty subjects received CaHA(+) filler injection in the jawline, with follow-up evaluations conducted at 14 days, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

RESULTS
CaHA(+) injection in the jawline results in statistically significant restoration in volume and improvement in appearance lasting up to 12 months. Overall, subjects report “moderate” improvement on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

CONCLUSION
It is important for cosmetic surgeons and dermatologists to have access to data on the efficacy and safety of injectables. The data obtained in this study show that CaHA(+) is an effective and safe option to correct jawline volume loss and is associated with high patient satisfaction.
What Drives Patient Choice: Preferences for Approaches to Surgical Treatments for Breast Cancer Beyond Traditional Clinical Benchmarks
Authors: Storm-Dickerson Toni , Das Lopamudra , Gabriel Allen , Gitlin Matthew , Farias Jorge , Macarios David 
Published: April 2018

Importance:
Understanding what drives breast cancer (BC) patient’s surgical decision-making and why, as survival continues to improve, are women continuing to choose mastectomy in increasing numbers.

Objective:
We sought to understand better what drives patient choice in surgical decision-making regarding BC treatment options.

Design:
We used a dynamic model, adaptive choice-based conjoint survey experiment, to assess multiple factors concurrently impacting patient choice, conducted from December 2016 to January 2017 using the Army of Women.

Setting:
Army of Women is a U.S.–based nationwide registry of women, both healthy and previous BC patients.

Participants:
An e-mail invitation was sent to the AWOL’s 108,933 members, with 1,233 signing up to participate and 858 responding (548 healthy, 310 previous BC). Two hundred thirty-nine BC patients who underwent treatment > 5 years were excluded due to potential recall bias and changes in BC treatment paradigms. All subjects who did not complete the adaptive choice-based conjoint survey were also excluded due to inability to calculate preferences. The final sample consisted of 522 healthy women and 71 previous BC patients.

Interventions or Exposures:
Study of patient preference and decision drivers without interventions or exposures.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s):
Shares of preferences for various surgical treatment options were calculated using the highest-ranked factors by the importance that drove patient decision-making.

Results:
Survey response rate was 69.5%. Among healthy women, the most important of the 9 factors in making a surgical choice were doctor’s recommendation at 21.4% (SD, 13.6%) and 20-year survival at 20.5% (SD, 9.8%) while among previous BC patients, the most important factor was 20-year survival at 19.0% (SD, 9.0%) and doctor’s recommendation at 17.2% (SD, 10.3%).

Conclusion and Relevance:
While 20-year survival accounted for the largest single driver of patient choice at ~20 %, it is notable that 80% of patient decision-making was driven by factors unrelated to survival such as cost, intensity and recovery time, and breast image. By understanding what drives choice, we can provide better patient-centric education and treatments.
CHOROIDAL MORPHOLOGY IN EYES WITH PERIPAPILLARY POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Baek Jiwon , Dansingani Kunal K. , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Won Ki , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
This study analyzes a subset of patients with peripapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) to determine whether quantifiable pachychoroid features colocalize with disease foci.

Methods:
Patients with PCV diagnosed by indocyanine green angiography were identified for the analysis of medical records and multimodal imaging and classified as having peripapillary or macular PCV. The ratio of Haller layer thickness to total choroidal thickness was calculated at the fovea and at the site of dilated Haller vessels that showed spatial correlation with the origin of neovascularization. Choroidal thickness was measured horizontally across the fovea and circumferentially around the temporal side of the disk to study its relationship to neovascularization.

Results:
Three hundred and fourteen eyes of 299 patients with PCV were identified, of which 17 eyes (5%) had peripapillary disease. Although eyes with peripapillary PCV exhibited thinner subfoveal choroids than those with macular PCV, at the extrafoveal disease foci, choroidal thickness, Haller’s layer thickness, and its ratio to total choroidal thickness were relatively high.

Conclusion:
Quantitative indices of choroidal structure previously identified in macular PCV performed consistently when applied to a peripapillary PCV cohort, thus supporting the hypothesis that inner choroidal thinning and Haller vessel enlargement are mechanistically relevant to these related entities.
Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia With and Without Empiric Vancomycin in a Noncritically Ill Population
Authors: Liu Wenxi , Rose Dusten T. , Helmink Brady J. , Jaso Theresa C. , Mondy Kristin E. 
Published: April 2018

Background
Recent evidence suggests that not all patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) are at risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of the study was to examine outcomes of noncritically ill HAP/HCAP patients who received empiric vancomycin compared with those who did not.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Chart review was used to identify HAP/HCAP patients for study inclusion. Treatment groups were patients who received empiric vancomycin versus those who did not. Primary outcome was clinical success at the time of antibiotic completion or discharge for pneumonia treatment. Secondary outcomes included c, time to clinical stability, all-cause mortality, time to antibiotic de-escalation, and 30-day readmission rates for pneumonia. Safety was examined by rates of nephrotoxicity.

Results
A total of 279 patients met study criteria (105 vancomycin vs. 174 nonvancomycin). There was no significant difference in clinical success (vancomycin 93.3% vs. nonvancomycin 96.6%; P = 0.124). The vancomycin group had longer length of stay (P < 0.001) and time to therapy deescalation (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in hospital all-cause mortality and 30-day readmission for pneumonia. Patients who did not receive vancomycin reached clinical stability faster. Rate of nephrotoxicity was similar between both groups (vancomycin 33.3% vs nonvancomycin 28.7%; P = 0.437).

Conclusions
No difference in clinical success was observed for empiric vancomycin therapy. This study supports the updated HAP guideline that empiric vancomycin therapy may not be necessary in this population.
Case Report: Linezolid Optic Neuropathy and Proposed Evidenced-based Screening Recommendation
Authors: Dempsey Sean P. , Sickman Amy , Slagle William Scott 
Published: April 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
This case illustrates a novel screening protocol for linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE
To present a case report and analysis of linezolid-induced optic neuropathies in adult patients to develop screening recommendations.

CASE REPORT
A case report of optic neuropathy from extended use of linezolid illustrates its potential effects on vision. We conduct a retrospective analysis of 39 reported cases to derive a recommended screening protocol for linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy in adult patients. Of 39 reported adult cases, 32 presented with optic neuropathy within 90 to 365 days of treatment. Within this subset, the duration of linezolid dosage to first symptoms is 235 ± 71 days. Seven outliers either experienced optic neuropathy within the first 28 days or between 600 and 1125 days. Of the 33 cases that quantified visual recovery, 30 reported final binocular visual acuity equivalent to 20/40 or better when the medication was discontinued from 0 to 268 days after symptom onset. Recovery potential was reported over a period of 2 weeks to approximately 6 months after cessation. To evaluate the effect of cumulative dose, the data were separated into patients taking 600 mg twice daily and those at 600 mg once daily. At the higher dosage, a mean of 180 ± 96 days with a mean cumulative dosage of 216 ± 115 g was noted at first symptom, whereas at lower dosage, a mean of 201 ± 102 days was noted with a mean cumulative dose of 138 ± 69 g.

CONCLUSIONS
We recommend screening adult patients within 1 month after initiating linezolid, followed by a subsequent evaluation every 30 to 60 days beginning 3 months from initiation. Substantial visual recovery is reported when linezolid is discontinued. Toxicity appears to be correlated to duration of treatment, rather than cumulative dose.
Case Report: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Associated with In Vitro Fertilization Procedures
Authors: Yoo Yung Ju , Han Sang Beom , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong-Min 
Published: April 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Ocular myasthenia gravis is a localized form of myasthenia gravis, which is a postsynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes fluctuating weakness of extraocular muscles resulting from autoimmune mechanisms. In women with myasthenia, changes in sex hormone levels and administration of corticosteroids can trigger or worsen symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

PURPOSE
To describe a case of seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis whose first symptom appeared a day after in vitro fertilization procedure.

CASE REPORT
A 37-year-old woman suddenly developed mild ptosis and fluctuating diplopia that worsened in the evening. Before the development of symptoms, she had undergone in vitro fertilization procedure and had taken oral steroids. Ocular motility examination revealed an intermittent exotropia in primary gaze at both distance and near. The neostigmine test confirmed her diagnosis as ocular myasthenia gravis.

CONCLUSIONS
When taking a history for young women with sudden onset of binocular diplopia, steroids and sex hormones should be taken into account, which may trigger or exacerbate symptoms of ocular myasthenia gravis.
Transfusion Rates and the Utility of Type and Screen for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Authors: Brueseke Taylor J. , Wilkins Maggie F. , Willis-Gray Marcella G. , Husk Katherine E. , Peedin Alexis R. , Geller Elizabeth J. , Wu Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
Limited data exist directly comparing the likelihood of blood transfusion by route of apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. In addition, limited evidence is available regarding the risk of not ordering preoperative type and screen (T&S) in apical POP surgery. The objectives of the study are to (1) provide baseline data regarding the current need for preoperative T&S by comparing perioperative blood transfusion rates between 3 routes of apical POP surgery and (2) determine the rate of a positive preoperative antibody screen in women who underwent apical POP surgery.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent apical POP surgery by 3 different routes: abdominal (abdominal sacrocolpopexy), robotic (robotic sacrocolpopexy), or vaginal (uterosacral or sacrospinous ligament fixation).

Results
Among 610 women who underwent apical POP surgeries between May 2005 and May 2016, 24 women (3.9%) received a perioperative blood transfusion. The rate of transfusion was higher in the abdominal group (11.1%) compared with robotic (0.5%, P < 0.001) and vaginal (0.5%, P < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, abdominal route of POP surgery remained significantly associated with transfusion (odds ratio, 20.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–156.6). Among the 572 women who had a preoperative T&S performed, 9 (1.5%) had a positive antibody screen.

Conclusions
Blood transfusion was significantly more common in abdominal compared with robotic and vaginal apical POP surgeries. The rate of a positive antibody screen was low, suggesting that type O blood is low risk if cross-matched blood is not available. Thus, it may be reasonable to not order a preoperative T&S prior to robotic or vaginal apical POP surgery.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Steatotic Human Donor Livers: A Pilot Study of the Underlying Mechanism During Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
Authors: Beijert Irene , Mert Safak , Huang Viola , Karimian Negin , Geerts Sharon , Hafiz Ehab O.A. , Markmann James F. , Yeh Heidi , Porte Robert J. , Uygun Korkut 
Published: April 2018

Background
Steatosis is a major risk factor for primary nonfunction in liver transplantations. Steatotic livers recover poorly from ischemia reperfusion injury, in part due to alterations in the microcirculation, although the exact mechanism is unclear. In this study, we tested if there were any alterations in the shear stress sensing Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and its likely downstream consequences in the ex vivo perfused human liver endothelium, which would imply perturbations in microcirculatory flow in macrosteatotic livers disrupts laminar flow to evaluate if this is a potential therapeutic target for steatotic livers.

Methods
Using a subnormothermic machine perfusion system, 5 macrosteatotic and 4 nonsteatotic human livers were perfused for 3 hours. Flow, resistance, and biochemical profile were monitored. Gene expression levels of nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS), KLF2, and thrombomodulin were determined. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured in the perfusion fluid and activation of eNOS was measured with Western blotting.

Results
Flow dynamics, injury markers, and bile production were similar in both groups. Kruppel-like factor 2 expression was significantly higher in nonsteatotic livers. Western blotting analyses showed significantly higher levels of activated eNOS in nonsteatotic livers, consistent with an increase in NO production over time. Macrosteatotic livers showed decreased KLF2 upregulation, eNOS activity, and NO production during machine perfusion.

Conclusions
These results indicate a perturbed KLF2 sensing in steatotic livers, which aligns with perturbed microcirculatory state. This may indicate endothelial dysfunction and contribute to poor posttransplantation outcomes in fatty livers, and further studies to confirm by evaluation of flow and testing treatments are warranted.
Accessory Gallbladder Complicating Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kesseli Samuel J. , Barbas Andrew S. , Vikraman Deepak 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Accessory gallbladder in a donor liver allograft is an uncommon anatomical finding that can complicate liver transplantation if unrecognized. This case describes a patient who underwent liver transplantation with a donor graft containing an accessory gallbladder that was obscured during transplantation; as a result, the patient experienced a prolonged postoperative course complicated by multiple readmissions for suspected biloma and intra-abdominal infection. The diagnosis of accessory gallbladder was not made until operative exploration several months after the initial transplant. Removal of the accessory gallbladder has led to resolution of clinical problems.