bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and hemobiochemical parameters in South African dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus, Sciaenidae) offered brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a feed additive
Authors: Madibana Molatelo J. , Mlambo Victor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is some evidence that single‐cell proteins such as yeast have the potential to improve feed utilization in aquaculture fish, but this has not been investigated in the economically important dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus. This study was, therefore, designed to determine the effect of graded levels of dietary inactivated brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the growth performance and hemobiochemical parameters of dusky kob in a 6‐week feeding period. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets—consisting of three brewer's yeast‐containing diets at rates of 50,150, and 300 g/kg dry matter (BY5P0, BY15P0, and BY30P0, respectively); a commercial dusky kob diet containing 10% probiotic mix but no brewer's yeast (BY0P1, positive control); and a commercial dusky kob diet with neither the probiotic mix nor the yeast (BY0P0, negative control)—were formulated. A total of 65 fish, weighing an average of 7.02 ± 0.10 g, were randomly distributed to each of 20 replicate tanks. Each dietary treatment was randomly allocated to four tanks and offered to fish at a rate of 2.8% fish body weight per day. A total of 10 fish from each tank were randomly sampled once a week for length and weight measurements. Blood was drawn from five fish per tank (20 fish per treatment) for hematology and serum biochemical analyses at the end of the 6 weeks. Fish on the BY0P0 diet achieved the highest weight gain of 18.53 ± 0.69 g after 6 weeks. Growth rate was significantly reduced in the groups fed BY15P0 and BY30P0 diets compared to the BY0P0, BY0P1, and BY5P0 groups. Fish fed the BY0P0 diet recorded the highest average feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of 0.22, while the BY30P0‐fed group recorded the lowest FCE of 0.15. Hematocrit and alanine transaminase levels declined with increasing levels of yeast. It can be concluded that the maximum inclusion level of brewer's yeast that does not impair growth performance and health of dusky kob is 50 g/kg.
Inadequacy of nutrients and contaminants found in porridge‐type complementary foods in Rwanda
Authors: Grosshagauer Silke , Milani Peiman , Kraemer Klaus , Mukabutera Assumpta , Burkon Alexander , Pignitter Marc , Bayer Sebastian , Somoza Veronika 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChild malnutrition remains persistently high in Rwanda. Complementary foods play a key role in young child nutrition. This study explores the quality and safety of complementary food products available in the Rwandan market. Ten of the most consumed porridge‐type complementary food products in Rwanda have been analysed. Mean values of macronutrient and micronutrient contents were compared against three international standards and evaluated against label claims. Mean mycotoxin, microbiological, and pesticide contamination were compared with maximum tolerable limits. Mean energy density (385 kcal/100 g) and total fat content (7.9 g/100 g) were lower than all three international benchmarks. The mean fibre content of 8.5 g/100 g was above the maximum recommended amount of Codex Alimentarius and more than double the amount claimed on labels. Mean levels of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate, 0.54 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (α‐tocopherol, 3.7 mg/100 g) fell significantly short of all three standards, whereas calcium and zinc requirements were only partially met. Average iron content was 12.1 mg/100 g. The analysis revealed a mean aflatoxin contamination of 61 μg/kg, and high mold and yeast infestation. Escherichia coli and pesticide residues were found, whereas no heavy metals could be quantitated. Overall, complementary food products in Rwanda show inadequate nutrient contents and high aflatoxin and microbial contamination levels. Improved regulation and monitoring of both local and imported products are needed to improve the quality and safety of complementary foods in Rwanda.
Sympathetic innervation of the interscapular brown adipose tissue in mouse
Authors: François Marie , Torres Hayden , Huesing Clara , Zhang Rui , Saurage Carson , Lee Nathan , Qualls‐Creekmore Emily , Yu Sangho , Morrison Christopher D. , Burk David , Berthoud Hans Rudolf , Münzberg Heike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of significant brown fat depots in adult humans has revived discussion of exploiting brown fat thermogenesis in the control of energy balance and body weight. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has a key role in the activation of brown fat and functional mapping of its components will be crucial for the development of specific neuromodulation techniques. The mouse is an important species used for molecular genetic modulations, but its small size is not ideal for anatomical dissections, thus brown fat innervation studies are mostly available in larger rodents such as rats and hamsters. Here, we use pseudorabies virus retrograde tracing, whole tissue clearing, and confocal/light sheet microscopy to show the location of pre‐ and postganglionic neurons selectively innervating the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) in the mouse. Using iDISCO whole tissue clearing, we identified iBAT projecting postganglionic neurons in the caudal parts of the ipsilateral fused stellate/T1, as well as the T2−T5 sympathetic chain ganglia and preganglionic neurons between levels T2 and T6 of the ipsilateral spinal cord. The methodology enabled high‐resolution imaging and 3D rendering of the specific SNS innervation of iBAT and will be helpful to discern peripheral nervous system innervation of other organs and tissues.
Validity of self‐reported recall of anthropometric measures in early life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Rubeis Vanessa , Bayat Sawila , Griffith Lauren E. , Smith Brendan T. , Anderson Laura N. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryOverweight and obesity in early life are risk factors for many adult‐onset chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of self‐reported recall of early life anthropometric measures. A systematic review was conducted by searching four electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest, EMBASE, and MEDLINE). Studies were eligible if they evaluated the validity or reliability of self‐reported recall by adults of their own body mass index, height, and/or weight during earlier life periods. Meta‐analyses were conducted to pool correlation coefficients and mean differences. There were 15 studies included with a total of 17 477 participants. The mean pooled difference between self‐reported recall of BMI compared with prospective measures was 0.06 kg/m2 (95% CI, −0.62 to 0.73), and the pooled correlation coefficient was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65‐0.79). Self‐reported weight was also strongly correlated with reference standard measures (pooled r = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72‐0.90) with a small mean difference (0.87 kg; 95% CI, 0.19‐1.56; I2 = 91%). Despite significant heterogeneity, the findings from this review suggest self‐reported recall of early life body mass index, height, and weight may be valid measures. This evidence may inform life‐course epidemiology studies considering the use of retrospective assessment of self‐reported anthropometry.
The giants of the phylum Brachiopoda: a matter of diet?
Authors: Angiolini Lucia , Crippa Gaia , Azmy Karem , Capitani Giancarlo , Confalonieri Giorgia , Della Porta Giovanna , Griesshaber Erika , Harper David A. T. , Leng Melanie J. , Nolan Leah , Orlandi Marco , Posenato Renato , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Banks Vanessa J. , Stephenson Michael H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe species of the brachiopod Gigantoproductus are giants within the Palaeozoic sedentary benthos. This presents a dilemma as living brachiopods have low‐energy lifestyles. Although brachiopod metabolic rates were probably higher during the Palaeozoic than today, the massive size reached by species of Gigantoproductus is nevertheless unusual. By examining the diet of Gigantoproductus species from the Visean (Mississippian, Carboniferous) of Derbyshire (UK), we seek to understand the mechanisms that enabled those low‐metabolism brachiopod species to become giants. Were they suspension feeders, similar to all other brachiopods, or did endosymbiosis provide a lifestyle that allowed them to have higher metabolic rates and become giants? We suggest that the answer to this conundrum may be solved by the identification of the biogeochemical signatures of symbionts, through combined analyses of the carbon and nitrogen‐isotopic compositions of the occluded organic matrix within their calcite shells. The shells are formed of substructured columnar units that are remarkably long and a few hundreds of microns wide, deemed to be mostly pristine based on multiple analyses (petrography, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)); they contain occluded organic fractions detected by TEM, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses. We conclude that the gigantic size reached by the species of Gigantoproductus is probably the result of a mixotroph lifestyle, by which they could rely on the energy and nutrients derived both from photosymbiotic microbes and from filtered particulate food.
Trace of pace, place, and space in personal relationships: The chronogeometrics of studying relationships at scale
Authors: Spitzberg Brian H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study of personal relationships has traditionally relied on self‐reports or observations of face‐to‐face interaction. Digital media increasingly provide the ability to trace communication and relationships at scale. Such methods portend significant theoretical and methodological challenges, as well as potential. As a way of illustrating such potential, big data approaches to the select traditional relational concepts of routine relating, propinquity, homophily, small world, and reciprocity are reviewed. The fields of communication and personal relationships will need to inform such research by developing their own interdisciplinary relationships with geographic information sciences, computational linguistics, and computer sciences or cede a significant frontier of their field to these other disciplines.
Regulatory chill and the effect of investor state dispute settlements
Authors: Janeba Eckhard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLegal conflicts between multinational firms and host governments are often decided by international arbitration panels—as opposed to courts in the host country—because of provisions in international investment agreements known as investor state dispute settlements (ISDS). Critics fear that investor protection such as ISDS make governments reluctant to adopt appropriate policies (regulatory chill). In this paper I develop a theoretical model in which the outcome of cases brought to court is uncertain owing to the vagueness of the law protecting investors and a court's inability to correctly identify a state of nature with certainty. I show that from a world welfare perspective there is no underregulation, only an overregulation problem. However, from a national welfare perspective “frivolous” lawsuits may lead to regulatory chill. I also identify conditions under which ISDS can lead to a Pareto improvement that involves simultaneous changes in compensation payments and protection rights relative to a national court.
High Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis: Optimality, Adaptive Algorithm and Missing Data
Authors: Tony Cai T. , Zhang Linjun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe paper develops optimality theory for linear discriminant analysis in the high dimensional setting. A data-driven and tuning-free classification rule, which is based on an adaptive constrained l1-minimization approach, is proposed and analysed. Minimax lower bounds are obtained and this classification rule is shown to be simultaneously rate optimal over a collection of parameter spaces. In addition, we consider classification with incomplete data under the missingness completely at random model. An adaptive classifier with theoretical guarantees is introduced and the optimal rate of convergence for high dimensional linear discriminant analysis under the missingness completely at random model is established. The technical analysis for the case of missing data is much more challenging than that for complete data. We establish a large deviation result for the generalized sample covariance matrix, which serves as a key technical tool and can be of independent interest. An application to lung cancer and leukaemia studies is also discussed.
Frequency and characterization ofRHDvariants in serologically D– Surinamese pregnant women and D– newborns
Authors: Zonneveld Rens , Kanhai Humphrey H.H. , Javadi Ahmad , Veldhuisen Barbera , Brand Anneke , Zijlmans Wilco C.W.R. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Schonewille Henk ,   on behalf of the Rhesus in Surinamese Neonates (RheSuN) Study Group
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDNumerousRHDvariant genes affect the expression of D on the red blood cell surface. In Suriname, 4.3% of pregnant women were D–, ranging from virtually zero to 7% among ethnic groups. Characterization ofRHDvariants, which are associated with a variable potential to induce anti‐D, is of practical clinical importance especially in case of limited access to preventive measures. Here we report on the occurrence ofRHDvariant genes in Surinamese serologically D– pregnant women and their D– newborns from different ethnic groups.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe RheSuN study is a cross‐sectional cohort study in D– pregnant women and their newborns, who visited hospitals in Paramaribo, Suriname, during routine pregnancy care. The presence ofRHDvariants was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction targetingRHDExons 5 and 7 andRH‐multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification.RESULTSSevenRHDvariant genes were detected in 35 of 84 women and fourRHDvariant genes in 15 of 36 newborns. TheRHD*03 N.01andRHD*08 N.01variants represented 87% of a total of 62 variant genes. Variants were comparably frequent among ethnicities. In four cases genotyping would have changed anti‐D prophylaxis policy: one woman with aRHD*01EL.01variant, not associated with anti‐D formation and three D– newborns withRHD*09.01andRHD*09.03.01variants, potentially capable of inducing anti‐D.CONCLUSIONRHDvariants at risk for anti‐D are common among serologic D– individuals from African descent in Suriname. While genotyping D– women has limited added value, it may be considered in newborns from D– women.
The effects of monoclonal anti‐CD47 on RBCs, compatibility testing, and transfusion requirements in refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Brierley C.K. , Staves J. , Roberts C. , Johnson H. , Vyas P. , Goodnough L.T. , Murphy M.F. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDCD47 is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of solid‐organ and hematologic malignancies. CD47 is also expressed on RBCs. Here, we report our experience of the RBC effects and the impact on blood bank testing and transfusion management in a Phase 1 trial of the humanized anti‐CD47 monoclonal antibody Hu5F9‐G4 in relapsed or primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (NCT02678338).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSNineteen patients with relapsed or primary refractory AML treated across five UK centers were included for analysis. Patients received escalating doses of Hu5F9‐G4. Serial laboratory data were collected to evaluate impact on hemoglobin (Hb), markers of hemolysis (bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, reticulocyte count), transfusion requirements, and blood compatibility testing.RESULTSA decline in Hb was observed with drug administration (median Hb change, −1.0 g/dL; range, 0.4–1.6) with associated increase in transfusion requirements. Patients responded to transfusion with a median Hb increment per unit of 1.0 g/dL. RBC agglutination was seen in all cases without associated change in Hb, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, or reticulocyte count. Nine of 19 (47%) patients developed a newly positive antibody screen with a pan‐agglutinin identified in plasma. Invalid ABO blood grouping occurred in 4 of 12 (33%) non–group O patients due to anomalous reactivity in the reverse ABO‐type results.CONCLUSIONSTreatment with Hu5F9‐G4 in patients with AML resulted in an Hb decline and increased transfusion requirements. Problems with ABO blood typing and compatibility testing were widely observed and should be expected by centers treating recipients of Hu5F9‐G4.
Wild goose chase – no predictable patient subgroups benefit from meniscal surgery: patient-reported outcomes of 641 patients 1 year after surgery
Authors: Pihl Kenneth , Ensor Joie , Peat George , Englund Martin , Lohmander Stefan , Jørgensen Uffe , Nissen Nis , Fristed Jakob Vium , Thorlund Jonas Bloch 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDespite absence of evidence of a clinical benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), many surgeons claim that subgroups of patients benefit from APM.ObjectiveWe developed a prognostic model predicting change in patient-reported outcome 1 year following arthroscopic meniscal surgery to identify such subgroups.MethodsWe included 641 patients (age 48.7 years (SD 13), 56% men) undergoing arthroscopic meniscal surgery from the Knee Arthroscopy Cohort Southern Denmark. 18 preoperative factors identified from literature and/or orthopaedic surgeons (patient demographics, medical history, symptom onset and duration, knee-related symptoms, etc) were combined in a multivariable linear regression model. The outcome was change in Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4) (average score of 4 of 5 KOOS subscales excluding the activities of daily living subscale) from presurgery to 52 weeks after surgery. A positive KOOS4change score constitutes improvement. Prognostic performance was assessed using R2statistics and calibration plots and was internally validated by adjusting for optimism using 1000 bootstrap samples.ResultsPatients improved on average 18.6 (SD 19.7, range −38.0 to 87.8) in KOOS4. The strongest prognostic factors for improvement were (1) no previous meniscal surgery on index knee and (2) more severe preoperative knee-related symptoms. The model’s overall predictive performance was low (apparent R2=0.162, optimism adjusted R2=0.080) and it showed poor calibration (calibration-in-the-large=0.205, calibration slope=0.772).ConclusionDespite combining a large number of preoperative factors presumed clinically relevant, change in patient-reported outcome 1 year following meniscal surgery was not predictable. This essentially quashes the existence of ‘subgroups’ with certain characteristics having a particularly favourable outcome after meniscal surgery.Trial registration numberNCT01871272.
‘Water is life’: developing community participation for clean water in rural South Africa
Authors: Hove Jennifer , D'Ambruoso Lucia , Mabetha Denny , van der Merwe Maria , Byass Peter , Kahn Kathleen , Khosa Sonto , Witter Sophie , Twine Rhian 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSouth Africa is a semiarid country where 5 million people, mainly in rural areas, lack access to water. Despite legislative and policy commitments to the right to water, cooperative governance and public participation, many authorities lack the means to engage with and respond to community needs. The objectives were to develop local knowledge on health priorities in a rural province as part of a programme developing community evidence for policy and planning.MethodsWe engaged 24 participants across three villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System and codesigned the study. This paper reports on lack of clean, safe water, which was nominated in one village (n=8 participants) and in which women of reproductive age were nominated as a group whose voices are excluded from attention to the issue. On this basis, additional participants were recruited (n=8). We then held a series of consensus-building workshops to develop accounts of the problem and actions to address it using Photovoice to document lived realities. Thematic analysis of narrative and visual data was performed.ResultsRepeated and prolonged periods when piped water is unavailable were reported, as was unreliable infrastructure, inadequate service delivery, empty reservoirs and poor supply exacerbated by droughts. Interconnected social, behavioural and health impacts were documented combined with lack of understanding, cooperation and trust between communities and authorities. There was unanimity among participants for taps in houses as an overarching goal and strategies to build an evidence base for planning and advocacy were developed.ConclusionIn this setting, there is willingness among community stakeholders to improve water security and there are existing community assemblies to support this. Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance Systems provide important opportunities to routinely connect communities to resource management and service delivery. Developing learning platforms with government and non-government organisations may offer a means to enable more effective public participation in decentralised water governance.
Two-Layer Non-Hydrostatic Scheme for Simulations of Wave Runup
Authors: Ginting M. A. , Pudjaprasetya S. R. , Adytia D. 
Published: June 2019

There are indisputable research supporting scientific argument that propagation of (tsunami) wave from intermediate depth towards shallower coastal area needs dispersive wave model. For tsunami wave simulation, efficiency of the numerical scheme is an important issue. In this paper, the two-layer non-hydrostatic model as developed previously in Pudjaprasetya et al. [2017] “A non-hydrostatic two-layer staggered scheme for transient waves due to anti-symmetric seabed thrust,” J. Earthquake Tsunami 11, 1–17, to study tsunami generation and propagation, is adopted. Restricting to 1+1 dimension, here, we focus on the performance of the scheme in simulating wave propagation in coastal areas, in particular predicting the run-up height. First, we conducted a simulation of harmonic wave over a sloping beach to conform the analytical shoreline motion by Carrier and Greenspan [1958] “Water waves of finite amplitude on a sloping beach,” J. Fluid Mech. 4, 97–109. The ability of the scheme in accommodating dispersion and non-linearity were shown via simulation of a solitary wave that propagates over a flat bottom. This solitary wave simulation provides an evaluation of the convergence aspect of the model. Further, several benchmark tests were conducted; a solitary wave over a sloping beach to mimic the experimental data by Synolakis [1986] “The run-up of solitary waves,” J. Fluid Mech. 185, 523–545, as well as solitary wave over a composite beach. Good agreement with laboratory data was obtained in terms of wave signal, whereas for relatively low amplitude, the solitary run-up height conforms the analytical formula. Moreover, the scheme is tested for simulating the Beji–Battjes experiment Beji, S. and Battjes, J. A. [1993] “Experimental investigation of wave propagation over a bar,” Coast. Eng. 19, 151–162. As well as wave focusing experiment by Kurnia et al. [2015] “Simulations for design and reconstruction of breaking waves in a wavetank,” Proc. ASME 2015 34th Int. Conf. Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Newfoundland, Canada, 31 May–5 June 2015, pp. 2–7.