bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ball position on the risk of injury to the lower limb joints during the hockey sweep pass in women
Authors: Aikman Jasmine N , Arnold Graham P , Nasir Sadiq , Wang Weijie W , Abboud Rami 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if ball position influences the risk of lower limb non-contact injury in hockey sweep pass. It also aimed to determine a ball position that minimises excessive strain placed on the lower limb joints of the lead leg during the sweep pass.MethodsA cohort of 18 female hockey-playing volunteers (age: 19.7±1.5 years; height: 165.5±5.4 cm; body mass: 66.4±7.0 kg) were recruited. Participants performed the sweep pass using three different ball positions: in front, in line with, and behind the heel of the lead (left) foot.Motion analysis and force plate data were collected. Moments and angles in all three planes of motion for the three main lower limb joints were then calculated using Vicon software. Results were statistically analysed using SPSS software.ResultsSignificant differences (p<0.05) were found between the three tested ball positions for the mean maximum angles and moments, and mean ranges of motion produced at the lead three main lower limb joints. Positioning the ball in line with the heel of the lead foot resulted in the lowest moments and angles when compared with the other two ball positions.ConclusionsThe results indicate that positioning the ball in line with the heel of the lead foot is recommended to minimise the risk of injury to the lower limb joints during the hockey sweep pass. It is hoped that these findings will result in this position being implemented by players new to hockey or those returning to the sport following injury.
Visual responses in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus at early stages of retinal degeneration in rd1 PDE6β mice
Authors: Procyk Christopher A. , Allen Annette E. , Martial Franck P. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: August 2019

Inherited retinal degenerations encompass a wide range of diseases that result in the death of rod and cone photoreceptors, eventually leading to irreversible blindness. Low vision survives at early stages of degeneration, at which point it could rely on residual populations of rod/cone photoreceptors as well as the inner retinal photoreceptor, melanopsin. To date, the impact of partial retinal degeneration on visual responses in the primary visual thalamus (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, dLGN) remains unknown, as does their relative reliance on surviving rod and cone photoreceptors vs. melanopsin. To answer these questions, we recorded visually evoked responses in the dLGN of anesthetized rd1 mice using in vivo electrophysiology at an age (3–5 wk) at which cones are partially degenerate and rods are absent. We found that excitatory (ON) responses to light had lower amplitude and longer latency in rd1 mice compared with age-matched visually intact controls; however, contrast sensitivity and spatial receptive field size were largely unaffected at this early stage of degeneration. Responses were retained when those wavelengths to which melanopsin is most sensitive were depleted, indicating that they were driven primarily by surviving cones. Inhibitory responses appeared absent in the rd1 thalamus, as did light-evoked gamma oscillations in firing. This description of fundamental features of the dLGN visual response at this intermediate stage of retinal degeneration provides a context for emerging attempts to restore vision by introducing ectopic photoreception to the degenerate retina. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new therapeutically relevant insights to visual responses in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus during progressive retinal degeneration. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we demonstrate that visual responses have lower amplitude and longer latency during degeneration, but contrast sensitivity and spatial receptive fields remain unaffected. Such visual responses are driven predominantly by surviving cones rather than melanopsin photoreceptors. The functional integrity of this visual pathway is encouraging for emerging attempts at visual restoration.
Obesity at Diagnosis and Prostate Cancer Prognosis and Recurrence Risk Following Primary Treatment by Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Langlais Crystal S. , Cowan Janet E. , Neuhaus John , Kenfield Stacey A. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Broering Jeanette M. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Carroll Peter , Chan June M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
The association of obesity at diagnosis with prostate cancer progression is uncertain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI; 18.5–&lt;25, 25–&lt;30, 30–&lt;35, ≥35 kg/m2) and prognostic risk at diagnosis, compare the concordance between prognostic risk assessed at diagnostic biopsy versus pathologic risk assessed at surgery across BMI categories, and investigate the association between obesity and prostate cancer recurrence and all-cause death.

Methods:
We examined men enrolled in CaPSURE who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1995 and 2017. Multiple imputation methods were used to handle missing data and reported along with complete case findings.

Results:
Participants (n = 5,200) were followed for a median of 4.5 years; 685 experienced recurrence. Obesity was associated with higher prognostic risk at time of diagnosis (ORobese = 1.5; ORvery obese = 1.7) and upward reclassification of disease between biopsy and surgery, driven by change in tumor stage (ORobese = 1.3; ORvery obese = 1.6). We observed an association between BMI and recurrence with adjustment for disease severity using diagnostic factors (HRvery obese = 1.7); this association disappeared when adjusting for disease severity factors obtained at surgery.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that residual confounding may partially explain the conflicting evidence regarding obesity's influence on prostate cancer progression. Assessing T-stage via digital rectal exam may be complicated in larger men, potentially affecting clinical treatment decisions. A strong association with all-cause mortality demonstrates healthier BMI at diagnosis may still improve overall survival.

Impact:
Patients with greater BMI are prone to more advanced disease at diagnosis and may be more likely to have their tumor stage underestimated at diagnosis.
Anti–PD-1–Induced Pneumonitis Is Associated with Persistent Imaging Abnormalities in Melanoma Patients
Authors: Johnson Douglas B. , Taylor Kevin B. , Cohen Justine V. , Ayoubi Noura , Haugh Alexandra M. , Wang Daniel Y. , Schlick Brian D. , Voorhees Amber L. , Gage Kenneth L. , Fintelmann Florian J. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Eroglu Zeynep , Abramson Richard G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pneumonitis may complicate anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy, although symptoms usually resolve with steroids. The long-term effects on respiratory function, however, are not well defined. We screened melanoma patients treated with anti–PD-1, with and without ipilimumab (anti–CTLA-4), and identified 31 patients with pneumonitis. Median time to radiographic findings was 4.8 months. Twenty-three patients (74%) presented with respiratory symptoms, whereas 8 (26%) were asymptomatic, and 11 (35%) were hospitalized. With 22.1 months median follow-up, 27 patients (87%) had resolution of symptoms, whereas 4 had persistent cough, dyspnea, and/or wheezing. By contrast, the rate of radiographic resolution was lower: Only 11 (35%) had complete radiographic resolution, whereas 14 (45%) had improvement of pneumonitis with persistent scarring or opacities, and 6 (19%) had persistent or worsened ground-glass opacities and/or nodular densities. Persistence (vs. resolution) of radiographic findings was associated with older age and initial need for steroids but not with need for hospitalization, timing of onset, or treatment regimen (combination vs. monotherapy). Among patients with serial pulmonary function tests, lung function improved with time. Although symptoms of anti–PD-1–induced pneumonitis resolved quickly, scarring or inflammation frequently persisted on computerized tomography. Therefore, further study of subclinical pulmonary effects of anti–PD-1 is needed.
Anthony Collins and China: the Philosophical Impact of the Missionary Encounter
Authors: Talbot Ann 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article explores the impact of Jesuit missionary reports from China on the work of the English freethinker Anthony Collins. It considers his use of accounts of Confucian philosophy in his own writings on materialism and atheism, and in his discussion of the role of the state in relation to religion. It suggests that despite the difficulties he faced in assessing missionary reports he made use of them in his philosophical writings and may have been encouraged by his knowledge of Chinese philosophy to explore the question of emergence and the self-organization of matter. China features in his comments on metaphysics as well as political and moral philosophy. The article argues that China became a model state for Collins, representing for him a level of religious toleration largely unknown in Europe.
Neighbors Are Not Always Friendly
Authors: Halperin Charles J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
On the basis of a data base of 137 instances of conflict between Muscovite monasteries and their neighbors during the reign of Ivan IV (1533–1584), this article concludes that such conflicts occurred during the entire course of Ivan IV’s reign, that they occurred with members of all Muscovite social classes, including other monks, and that they occurred in many regions of Muscovy. These data do not permit concluding whether all monasteries engaged in disputes with their neighbors in all years in all districts of Muscovy. Although monasteries tended to settle disputes peacefully, they did not always act properly, even in relations with other monasteries. Monasteries were not immune to the violence endemic to such disputes, many of which involved litigation, although they may have been slightly more peaceful in their relations with other monasteries than with lay landowners and landholders and the residents of their estates.
Comparison of ECMWF Significant Wave Height Forecasts in the China Sea with Buoy Data
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Li Benxia , Gao Zhiyi , Wang Jiuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on a comprehensive comparison of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) significant wave height (SWH) forecasts with buoy data in the China Sea, and analysis of accuracy characteristics varying with related variables (SWH, water depth, and distance from shore) and different scenarios (each month, different sea area, and typhoon- and cold air activity–induced waves). This is the first time that observations from the Chinese Ocean Monitoring Network have been used to verify ECMWF wave forecasts in the China Sea. Two years’ worth of data from 24 hydrometeorological buoys are used. The comparison shows good accuracy and predictive stability of SWH forecasts for the Chinese buoys, which is consistent with Korean and global buoys. However, the accuracy in the Bohai Sea and Taiwan Strait is worse than that in the South and East China Sea. SWH forecasts for QF206 in the southern Taiwan Strait have systematically underestimated observations, which may be mainly due to the coarse resolution of wave forecasts. Besides, forecasts underestimate observations when 1.5 m &lt; SWH ≤ 6.5 m. The accuracy and predictive stability in spring and summer are worse than those in winter, especially in April, which is the worst in 12 months. The accuracy increases with water depth and distance from shore. During typhoon conditions, the accuracy is worse than during cold air conditions.
The diagnostic value of duplex ultrasound in detecting the presence and location of a stenosis in an autologous arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Ćosović Admira , van der Kleij Frank GH , Callenbach Petra MC , Hoekstra Marion C , Hissink Rutger J , van den Berg Michiel 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To determine the value of duplex ultrasound in the detection of significant (⩾50%) stenosis and the location of the stenosis in arteriovenous fistula, compared to angiography. Methods: Patients who underwent construction of an autologous arteriovenous fistula between January 2007 and December 2013 in Treant Care Group, hospital location Emmen, were included in this study. In all patients with a significantly decreased blood flow (flow <400 mL/min and/or ⩾20% decrease) measured by Transonic flowmeter before December 2016, duplex ultrasound was performed. Concordance between duplex ultrasound and angiography was analysed in all patients with a haemodynamically significant stenosis detected by duplex ultrasound. Results: In all, 63 patients had a significant decrease in blood flow leading to duplex ultrasound. In 51 (80.9%) of the 63 duplex ultrasound, a haemodynamically significant stenosis was detected. In 45 (88.2%) of these, angiography was performed, all confirming the presence of significant stenosis. In eight patients, no angiography was performed (sufficient residual blood flow (n = 7), death (n = 1)). Most stenoses were located in the venous outflow tract (75.6%). In 95.6%, a venous approach was possible during angiography. After intervention, a significant increase in blood flow was observed (from 530 mL/min to 910 mL/min (p < 0.001)). Conclusion: We show that duplex ultrasound is likely reliable to ascertain the presence of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in addition to flow criteria. Also, it provides important information to select the most effective and safe approach for cannulation. Duplex ultrasound may reduce costs and burden of diagnosing stenoses.
Community Radio as Amplification of Rural Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Backhaus Bridget 
Published: August 2019

Community radio’s relationship with the farming communities has a long history in India. The earliest successful experiments in community broadcasting involved both farmers and agriculture. In terms of development communication, community radio in India represents a confluence of somewhat conflicting paradigms. While community radio is generally presented as a highly democratic, participatory medium, the way it is operationalized in India more closely aligns with the modernization/diffusion paradigm.In 1976, Joseph Ascroft observed the phenomenon of ‘interpersonal diffusion’ among farmers, whereby for each farmer trained in new techniques, three more would adopt the innovations. While this ‘interpersonal diffusion’ was by no means perfect, it was illustrative of the complex communication networks involved in the diffusion process. It also hints towards the ways in which community radio can act as a facilitator of these processes; as somewhat of an intersection between diffusion and participatory communication.Drawing on ethnographically inspired qualitative research conducted at a rural community radio station in South India, this article explores the role of community radio at the intersections of participatory development and diffusion.  This article argues that community radio facilitates the sharing of technical information and innovations among farmers and contributes to amplifying existing knowledge communication systems. The implications of this article suggest that a focus on existing local knowledge communication and transfer systems could contribute to achieving broader development outcomes and further situating the role of community radio within development and social change initiatives.
Hemodynamic and clinical effects of selexipag in children with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Rothman Abraham , Cruz Gabriel , Evans William N. , Restrepo Humberto 
Published: August 2019

Selexipag is an oral prostacyclin receptor agonist; it was recently approved for use in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The safety and efficacy of selexipag has not yet been determined in the pediatric population. We describe short‐term hemodynamic and clinical data with selexipag therapy in four pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension. We reviewed clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data. One patient was transitioned from subcutaneous treprostinil to selexipag, and in three patients, selexipag was added as a third agent. Drug dosing was attained empirically based on patient body size. A follow‐up catheterization was performed 12–18 months after initiation of selexipag therapy. All four patients tolerated selexipag well, without significant side effects. One patient transitioned successfully from subcutaneous treprostinil to selexipag. None of the four patients had clinical deterioration. In three patients who were able to perform a 6‐minute walk test, pre and post selexipag distances were 350 and 400, 409 and 390, and 300 and 360 m, respectively. Echocardiograms showed no significant changes. Catheterization showed a variable change in pulmonary vascular resistance (small decrease in three patients and increase in one patient). Brain natriuretic peptide levels before and after selexipag in the four patients were 38 and 49, 33 and 54, 29 and 25, and 12 and 14 pg/mL, respectively. Selexipag use for 16–28 months was safe in four pediatric patients; none of them had clinical deterioration. Larger number of patients and longer follow‐up intervals are necessary before further recommendations can be made.
Melatonin prevents bone destruction in mice with retinoic acid–induced osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Xudong , Liang Tongzhou , Zhu Yuanxin , Qiu Jincheng , Qiu Xianjian , Lian Chengjie , Gao Bo , Peng Yan , Liang Anjing , Zhou Hang , Yang Xiaoming , Liao Zhiheng , Li Yongyong , Xu Caixia , Su Peiqiang , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
The protective effect of melatonin against bone metabolism imbalance in osteoporosis (OP) induced by drugs such as retinoic acid (RA) is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of melatonin in bone destruction based on a mouse model.

Methods
RA-induced OP model mice were established. To assess the effect of melatonin on these mice, micro-CT was used to characterize the trabecular structure of normal mice and those treated with RA (model), RA + low-dose melatonin (Mlt-L), RA + high-dose melatonin (Mlt-H), and RA + alendronate sodium (positive control). The shape of the trabecular bone, the length and diameter of the femoral head and the height and diameter of vertebra(L1) of each group were also measured and the number of osteoclasts was determined by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) staining. Meanwhile, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry assays. The differences between groups in terms of liver and kidney oxidation–related indexes and serum and urinary indicators related to bone metabolism were also analyzed. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells, respectively.

Results
RA induction led to a decrease in the amount and density of trabecular bone, a decrease in the length and diameter of the femur and height, diameter of the vertebra (L1), a decrease in bone mass and density and the expression of ALP, and an increase in the number of osteoclasts. Melatonin treatment alleviated these effects induced by RA, increasing the amount of trabecular bone in OP mice, improving the microstructure of the femur and vertebra(L1) and increasing bone mass bone density and the expression of ALP, as well as decreasing the number of osteoclasts. Additionally, blood and urinary bone metabolism-related indicators showed that melatonin promoted bone formation and inhibited bone resorption. Determination of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers in the livers and kidneys of the mice revealed that melatonin promoted the antioxidant level and suppressed the level of oxidant molecules in these organs. In vitro, RA promoted osteoclasts and inhibit osteogenesis by increasing oxidative stress levels in the RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells, but melatonin reversed this effect. Melatonin may, therefore, play a role in the ERK/SMAD and NF-κB pathways.

Conclusions
Melatonin can alleviate bone loss in RA-induced OP model mice, repair the trabecular microstructure, and promote bone formation. These effects may be related to reducing oxidation levels in vivo and vitro through the ERK/SMAD and NF-κB pathways.
Retro MTA and tricalcium phosphate/retro MTA for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal dehiscence defects in a dog model: a pilot study
Authors: Fakheran Omid , Birang Reza , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Razavi Sayed Mohammad , Behfarnia Parichehr 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Retro MTA is a fast setting Calcium silicate cement used in endodontic regeneration procedures in recent years. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is another common biomaterial used for bone augmentation procedures. The present pilot study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Retro MTA and a mixture of Retro MTA / β-TCP for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Materials and methods
In 4 beagle dogs, periodontal dehiscence type defects were created. In each side, one dehiscence defect was left empty as a control site and three treatment modalities were randomly applied for the others: Retro MTA covered with a collagen membrane, Retro MTA + β-TCP covered with a membrane and covering the defect with a membrane without any bone augmentation. After 8 weeks Animals were sacrificed and Histomorphometric and histologic analysis were conducted.

Results

Histologic analysis showed more cementum formation for both Retro MTA+ β-TCP (3.74 ± 0.34 mm) and Retro MTA group (3.24 ± 0.56 mm) compared to control group 1 (1. 15 ± 0.45 mm) and control group 2 (0.78 ± 0.65 mm). Formation of newly formed bone and cementum in the experimental groups were significantly higher as compared to the control groups (
P
< 0.0001).

Conclusions
Retro MTA or Retro MTA+ β-TCP covered with a collagen membrane resulted in regeneration of periodontal tissues. However, Retro MTA+ β-TCP showed tendency towards better results than the use of Retro MTA alone.