bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Servicesheds connect people to the landscapes upon which they depend
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Thierry Hugo , Cornejo Lara , Parrott Lael , Poulin Monique , Sherren Kate , Van Proosdij Danika , Robinson Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ecosystem services (ES) are benefits people receive from nature. To sustain these benefits, we need to spatially connect communities benefitting from specific ES with landscape features that generate the ES. A variety of process‐based models support ES assessments by estimating the biophysical supply of ES that comes from landscapes. However, less attention has been given to how ES flow from landscapes to beneficiary groups.

A ‘serviceshed’ is defined as the spatial area that provides an ecosystem service to beneficiaries at a specific location—thus connecting people to the landscapes and seascapes upon which they depend through ES flows. In this article, we propose a general framework to empirically define serviceshed boundaries. Using publicly available data, we apply this framework to two provisioning and two regulating services (1) agricultural and fishing livelihoods and (2) pollination and coastal flood control, respectively, in Canada.

We find that agricultural fields of different types and sizes contribute livelihood value to 85% of the communities in the agricultural landscape, and fishing grounds of different sizes contribute to 24% of the communities in the fishing study area. On average, communities with a lower proportion of agricultural labour are associated with larger fields, whilst larger fishing grounds were associated with communities with a greater percentage of their population in fisheries, showing how different ES can have varied relationships with beneficiary communities.

For regulating services, we find 66% of pollinator‐supplying areas are within the serviceshed of farming communities. Natural habitats and agricultural land account for 72% and 28% of this serviceshed area, respectively. Our models suggest also that 26% of saltmarshes are within the serviceshed of flood‐prone communities and most coastal communities in our study area benefit from saltmarshes, especially from those without dykes.

We demonstrate how serviceshed mapping, when integrating social and ecological information, can be useful in multiple decision contexts. Servicesheds can help planners and managers better design zoning restrictions, restoration activities to benefit communities, or subsidy programmes to replace the value of ES lost due to climate change or land use development.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Human colonic organoids for understanding early events of familial adenomatous polyposis pathogenesis
Authors: Laborde Nolwenn , Barusseaud Alexandre , Quaranta Muriel , Rolland Corinne , Arrouy Amélie , Bonnet Delphine , Kirzin Sylvain , Sola‐Tapias Nuria , Hamel Dimitri , Barange Karl , Duffas Jean‐Pierre , Gratacap Marie‐Pierre , Guillermet‐Guibert Julie , Breton Anne , Vergnolle Nathalie , Alric Laurent , Ferrand Audrey , Barreau Frédérick , Racaud‐Sultan Claire , Mas Emmanuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) harbor mutations in the APC gene and will develop adenoma and early colorectal cancer. There is no validated treatment, and animal models are not sufficient to study FAP. Our aim was to investigate the early events associated with FAP using the intestinal organoid model in a single‐center study using biopsies from nonadenomatous and adenomatous colonic mucosa of FAP patients and from healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity and regulation through organoid development and expression of mRNA and proteins, as well as within colonic crypts. We used several compounds to regulate the signaling pathways controlling ISCs, such as WNT, EGFR, PI3K‐AKT, TGF‐β, yes‐associated protein (YAP), and protease‐activated receptors. In addition to their high proliferative capacity, nonadenomatous and adenomatous organoids were characterized by cysts and cysts with buds, respectively, suggesting abnormal maturation. Adenomatous organoids were enriched in the stem cell marker LGR5 and dependent on EGF and TGF‐β for their growth. Downstream of EGFR, AKT, β‐catenin, and YAP were found to be activated in the adenomatous organoids. While the p110β isoform of PI3K was predominant in adenomatous organoids and essential for their growth, p110α was associated with the immature state of nonadenomatous organoids. We conclude that organoids offer a relevant model for studying FAP, and this work highlights abnormal behaviors of immature cells in both nonadenomatous and adenomatous mucosa of FAP patients, which could be targeted therapeutically. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fetal Phenotyping and Whole Exome Sequencing for 12 Egyptian Families With Serine Biosynthesis Defect: Novel Clinical and Allelic Findings With a Founder Effect
Authors: El‐Dessouky Sara H. , Sharaf‐Eldin Wessam E. , Aboulghar Mona M. , Ebrashy Alaa , Senousy Sameh M. , Elarab Ahmed Ezz , Gaafar Hassan M. , Ateya Mohamed I. , Abdelfattah Ahmed N. , Saad Ahmed K. , Zolfokar Dalia S. , Fouad Mona M. , Abdella Rana M. , Sharaf Marwa F. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Matsa Lova S. , Aref Haissam , Soliman Samar H. , Al‐Bellehy Muhamed A. , Abdel‐Aziz Nahla N. , ElHodiby Mohamed E. , Abdou Haitham K. , Eid Maha M. , Zaki Maha S. , Abdalla Ebtesam M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of severe serine biosynthesis defects through a comprehensive description of prenatal, and postnatal manifestations and the mutational spectrum in a new cohort of 12 unrelated Egyptian Families.MethodsDetailed fetal ultrasound examination, postnatal assessment, and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed in a cohort of 12 fetuses with suspected Neu–Laxova syndrome (NLS), the most severe expression of serine biosynthesis defects. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted by merging the data from all the molecularly‐confirmed cases with ours to gain a better understanding of the clinical variability of NLS.ResultsNovel clinical manifestations including intrauterine convulsions, hemivertebrae, natal teeth, holoprosencephaly, and rhombencephalosynapsis were observed. Molecular analysis identified 7 and 2 likely disease‐causing variants in the PSAT1 and PHGDH genes, respectively. Four of them were novel, including the c.734G>A missense variant in PSAT1, which has been proposed to be a founder variant among Egyptians.ConclusionThe present cohort expands the spectrum of serine biosynthesis disorders. Moreover, it illuminates the role of prenatal exome sequencing in lethal conditions constituting the most severe end of already‐known human diseases.
From theory to practice: Designing a European basic income
Authors: Bollain Julen , Arcarons Jordi , Raventós Daniel , Torrens Lluís 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBasic income, a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all accredited residents on an individual basis, has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years driven by rising inequalities, the failure of minimum income schemes, labor market transformations, and diverse basic income pilot projects worldwide. However, the successful implementation of a basic income requires a comprehensive and sustained effort. This research contributes to this endeavor by providing an unprecedented microsimulation analysis of the economic feasibility of a European Basic Income (EBI), demonstrating that it can be financed sustainably and equitably without reducing existing tax revenues. The proposed EBI, financed through a reform of the personal income tax and the introduction of common European wealth and greenhouse gas emissions taxes, ensures the material existence of all Europeans and fosters a more egalitarian European Union through its redistributive effects.
Comparison of Prognosis and Health‐Related Quality of Life Between Robot‐Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Versus High‐Dose‐Rate Brachytherapy Combined With External Beam Radiation Therapy and Hormone Therapy for High‐Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iwahashi Yuya , Wakamiya Takahito , Kawabata Hiroki , Deguchi Ryusuke , Muraoka Satoshi , Inagaki Takaya , Noda Yasutaka , Yamashita Shimpei , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Sonomura Tetsuo , Hara Isao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe compare the oncological outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in men with high‐risk prostate cancer after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus that after high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy + external beam radiotherapy + hormone therapy (hereafter: “HDR+”).MethodsWe included 233 men who underwent RARP and 179 men who underwent HDR+ for high‐risk prostate cancer at our hospital. We investigated the following oncologic outcomes: time to biochemical recurrence, time to development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival. HRQOL was assessed using SF‐8 and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the background of the two treatment groups.ResultsThe HDR+ group had a significantly lower rate of biochemical recurrence than the RARP group (p ≤ 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the time to CRPC, in cancer‐specific survival, or in overall survival. The two groups had similar HRQOL, according to SF‐8. The urinary domain of EPIC was significantly worse in the RARP group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively than in the HDR+ group (p ≤ 0.01). Urinary function and urinary incontinence were significantly worse in the RARP group than in the HDR+ group at all time points postoperatively (p ≤ 0.01), while urinary irritation/obstruction was significantly worse in the HDR+ group at 12 months than in the RARP group (p ≤ 0.01). Bowel function was similar between the two groups.ConclusionsBoth RARP and HDR+ were considered to be effective treatments for patients with high‐risk prostate cancer in terms of oncological outcomes. Our RARP group had more postoperative urinary incontinence than our HDR+ group, while the HDR+ group had more frequent urination as a symptom of late genitourinary toxicity than the RARP group.
Knockout BR‐C induces premature expression of E93 thus triggering adult differentiation under larval morphology
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Mian‐Zhi , Zheng Zi‐Jing , Fan Shu‐Ting , Tan Jin‐Fang , Jiao Yaoyu , Palli Subba Reddy , Zhu Guan‐Heng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHolometabolan pupal‐specifier broad‐complex (BR‐C) and adult specifier ecdysone‐induced protein 93F (E93) are essential for metamorphosis; however, their interaction and effects on programmed cell death and cell differentiation during pupation remain unclear.RESULTSHere, multiple single‐guide RNA (sgRNA)‐mediated mosaic knockout of BR‐C induced a deformed larva/pupa intermediate phenotype in Spodoptera frugiperda. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that the adult specifier E93 was prematurely expressed in the BR‐C mutants during the penultimate and last instar larval stages. Additionally, histological observation and TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis in the fat body and midgut was activated in the larval tissues; astonishingly, the adult midgut appeared in the pupae of BR‐C mutants.CONCLUSIONOverall, the results demonstrated that the premature expression of E93 induced by lack of BR‐C triggers adult differentiation during the larval stages, which revealed the inhibitory effect of BR‐C on E93 during metamorphosis in S. frugiperda. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bergapten Ameliorates Psoriatic Skin Lesions and IL‐17A‐Induced Activation of the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway via the Downregulation of CYP1B1
Authors: Zhu Shengjie , Cheng Linyan , Chen Teng , Liu Xin , Zhang Chen , Aji Abudula , Guo Wanjun , Zhu Jianyong , Chu Yuxia , Guo Dongjie , Li Fulun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBergapten (BP) is a plant‐derived furocoumarin that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. BP serves as a candidate amplifier in phototherapy against skin inflammation, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. However, the anti‐inflammatory role of BP remains elusive. We utilized IL‐17A‐stimulated keratinocyte line and imiquimod‐challenged BALB/c mice to imitate psoriasis‐like inflammation. Inflammatory phenotypes were determined by expressions of inflammatory genes and cytokines, histopathological changes and activities of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. An RNA‐seq analysis of rodent skin was performed to explore possible mechanism lying behind. SiRNAs and antagonist (TMS) against cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) were subsequently used to determine the role of CYP1B1 in psoriasis pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of CYP1B1 with lentivirus further validate therapeutic effect of BP. BP significantly suppressed activation of the NF‐κB pathway by inhibiting p65 phosphorylation and improved the inflammatory phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. We revealed the key role of CYP1B1 in regulating the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Knock‐down with siRNAs significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory genes and cytokines. An intraperitoneal injection of TMS partially remediated IMQ‐induced inflammation, mainly in terms of skin thickness. Overexpression of Cyp1b1 led to increased expression of the CYP1B1 protein and rescued the therapeutic effect of BP in vitro. This study revealed that BP suppressed expression of Cyp1b1 in keratinocytes and inhibited the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway by blocking the phosphorylation of p65.
Mesoporous TiO2/Celite‐Supported Hydrolysis/Decarboxylation of Benzyl Meldrum's Acid Derivatives: Application to the Synthesis of Hydrocinnamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Suresh Muthiah , Kumari Anusueya , Prakash Preet , Singh Raj Bahadur 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study describes a method for transforming benzyl Meldrum's acid (BMA) derivatives into aryl propionic acid (hydrocinnamic acid) derivatives using TiO2 P25 or Celite surfaces under mild conditions. This selective decarboxylation and hydrolysis process is particularly effective for enolizable Meldrum's acid derivatives. A key feature of this transformation is its chemooselectivity, particularly with acetylated BMA derivatives, which yield the corresponding aryl propionic acids. The method offers several advantages, including compatibility with a wide range of structurally diverse aryl propionic acids, reliance on inexpensive materials, elimination of bases and neutralizing agents, and a simplified work‐up procedure.
Additive‐Free Sequential Thermal Evaporation of Near‐Intrinsic Pb‐Sn Perovskites
Authors: van der Poll Lara M. , van Silfhout Niels , Nespoli Jasmeen , van der Meer Maartje , Boekhoff Reinder K. , Bannenberg Lars J. , Smets Arno H.M. , Savenije Tom J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo boost the efficiency of perovskite solar cells beyond the limit of a single‐junction cell, tandem cells are employed, requiring low bandgap materials. This is realized by partially substituting lead(II) (Pb2+) with tin(II) (Sn2+) in the perovskite structure. In this work, a scalable method is presented to produce formamidinium lead tin iodide (FAPb0.5Sn0.5I3) films by sequential thermal evaporation (sTE) of PbSnI4, which is an alloy of SnI2 and PbI2, and FAI, in vacuum. Annealing at 200 °C yields a highly oriented and crystalline layer comprising grains over 1 µm on average. Photoconductance measurements reveal carrier lifetimes exceeding 2 µs and mobilities ≈100 cm2/(Vs). Structural analysis confirms that, while interdiffusion is abundant even at room temperature, the complete conversion requires high temperatures. Although the incorporation of Cs+ into the A‐site of the perovskite increases the grain size, charge carrier dynamics are reduced. A comparison between the sTE films and spin‐coated samples of the same composition demonstrates the superior photoconductance of the sTE films, without the need for any additives. Overall, this study showcases the potential of sTE for producing high‐quality low band gap (LBG) perovskite materials.
The Developing Brain and the Law
Authors: Schleim Stephan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyze recent legislative changes in the Netherlands, USA and Germany in which brain development played a role. In the Netherlands, the possibility of applying juvenile criminal law was extended up to and including the age of 22. The legislative initiative, which began in 2012 and came into force in 2014, drew extraordinary links between neurobiology and responsible behavior. In the USA, the maximum possible sentences for underage offenders were restricted by the Supreme Court. And in Germany, adults were allowed to grow and possess cannabis, but still with various age-related restrictions.
Testing quantum gravity with primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Calcagni Gianluca , Modesto Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a testable alternative to inflation directly built in a very general class of ultraviolet complete theories of quantum gravity enjoying Weyl invariance. After the latter is spontaneously broken, logarithmic quantum corrections to the action make both the primordial tensor spectrum (from graviton fluctuations) and the scalar spectrum (from thermal fluctuations) quasi scale invariant. We predict a scalar spectral index ns which only depends on two parameters and is consistent with observations, a tensor index nt = 1 − ns > 0, and, if the fundamental energy scale of the theory Λ* = MPl is of order of the Planck mass, a tensor-to-scalar ratio r0.05 ≈ 0.01 detectable by BICEP Array and LiteBIRD in the immediate or near future, respectively, and a blue-tilted stochastic gravitational-wave background observable by DECIGO in the further future. From the observational constraint r0.05 < 0.036, we also find the lower bound Λ* > 8.5 × 1010 GeV, much stronger than any previous one for this class of theories.
NLO friction in symmetry restoring phase transitions
Authors: Azatov Aleksandr , Barni Giulio , Petrossian-Byrne Rudin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interactions between bubbles/domain walls and the surrounding medium are a topic of active research, particularly as they apply to friction effects on accelerated expansion during first-order phase transitions. In this paper, we analyse for the first time friction pressure on relativistic walls in phase transitions where gauge symmetry is restored, particularly motivated by the observation that this pressure can, in principle, be negative at leading order, since some particles lose mass by definition as they cross into the new phase. We find, however, that at NLO, the soft emission of vectors from a charged current leads to positive pressure scaling as the wall’s Lorentz boost factor γw, similar to the case of gauge symmetry breaking. Contrary to the latter case, we find that the dominant contribution in single emission is safe from IR divergences and exhibits a much stronger dependence on the wall shape. Finally, we argue that in any phase transition, no multi-particle process on the wall can impart negative pressure greater than the leading order result, in the asymptotic limit of large γw.
Howe Duality and Dynamical Weyl Group
Authors: Dalipi Rea , Felder Giovanni , Gurenkova Anfisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe give a fermionic formula for R-matrices of exterior powers of the vector representations of $$U_q(\widehat{ \mathfrak {gl}}_N)$$

U
q

(

gl
^

N

)

and relate it to the dynamical Weyl group of Tarasov–Varchenko and Etingof–Varchenko, via a Howe ($$\mathfrak {gl}_N,\mathfrak {gl}_M)$$

gl
N

,

gl
M

)

-duality. In the limit $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

we obtain R-matrices for Fock spaces. As a consequence of our result we obtain a dynamical action of the Weyl group on integrable $$U_q\mathfrak {gl}_M$$

U
q

gl
M

-modules, extending the known action on zero weight spaces. In an Appendix by Anfisa Gurenkova it is shown that the latter property also holds if we replace $$\mathfrak {gl}_M$$

gl
M

by a general symmetrizable Kac–Moody algebra.
Verletzungen der BWS und LWS bei Kindern unter 16 Jahre – Versorgungsrealität im deutschsprachigen Raum: eine Registerstudie
Authors: Rüther Hauke , Alayesh Saleh , Heyde Christoph-E. , Wiersbicki Dina , Youssef Yasmin , Bolte Julia , Brecht Pia , Disch Alexander Carl , Jarvers Jan-Sven ,   Arbeitsgruppe Wirbelsäulentrauma im Kindesalter der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU)
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Wirbelsäulenverletzungen im Kindesalter stellen eine Seltenheit dar. Für den deutschsprachigen Raum gibt es wenige aussagekräftige Daten.

Fragestellungen/Ziel der Arbeit
Auswertung der Registerdaten der Deutschen Wirbelsäulengesellschaft (DWG) im Hinblick auf die Versorgungsrealität von thorakolumbalen Verletzungen im Kindesalter.

Material und Methoden
Diese retrospektive Studie wurde durch die Arbeitsgruppe Wirbelsäulentrauma im Kindesalter der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) initiiert. Eingeschlossen wurden alle operierten Patienten unter 16 Jahren, die vom 01.01.2017 bis zum 31.06.2023 eingepflegt wurden. Hierbei erfolgte eine anonymisierte Auswertung der demografischen Daten im Hinblick auf Alter, Geschlecht, Verletzungshöhe, neurologische Beeinträchtigung, Klassifikation sowie durchgeführte Therapie mit intra- und postoperativen Komplikationen. Als Informationsgrundlage diente die vorgegebene Dokumentation im Wirbelsäulenregister. Bezüglich der Alterseinteilung wurde die Alterseinteilung in 3 Gruppen verwendet: I: 0 bis 6, II: 7 bis 9, III: 10 bis 16 Jahre.

Ergebnisse
Daten von 83 Kindern mit 150 Verletzungen im Bereich der BWS und LWS mit einem mittleren Alter von 11,4 (± 3,45) Jahren wurden analysiert. Es zeigten sich 78 (52%) thorakale und 72 (48%) lumbale Verletzungen. Am häufigsten traten Typ-A-Verletzungen (n = 89; 59,2%) auf. Typ-B-Verletzungen zeigten sich in 32,2% (n = 48) und traten v. a. in Gruppe III auf. Gemäß der AO Neurologic Injury Classification zeigten 18 (21%) Patienten inkomplette, 4 (4,8%) Patienten komplette Querschnittslähmungen. Zur operativen Therapie wurden verschiedene Operationsmethoden eingesetzt, am häufigsten war die dorsale Stabilisierung (n = 73; 87,9%). Die Mehrheit der Operationen verlief komplikationslos (n = 75; 90,4%).

Diskussion
Es wurden laut Registerdaten 83 Kinder mit akzeptabler Komplikationsrate operativ versorgt. Ältere Kinder und Jugendliche (Gruppe III) wiesen eine signifikant höhere Verletzungsschwere im Vergleich zu jüngeren Kindern auf. Wie bei den meisten Registeruntersuchungen lassen auch hier nur begrenzte Schlussfolgerungen über chirurgische Strategien, Indikationen und Techniken ziehen.