bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical events related to glial response in spinal cord injury
Authors: Lapuente-Chala Catalina , Céspedes-Rubio Angel 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La lesión de la médula espinal (LME) es un evento devastador con implicaciones físicas, psicológicas y socioeconómicas. En el tejido cercano a la lesión se instauran cambios morfofisiológicos que determinan la recuperación funcional del segmento medular y de los órganos efectores dependientes de los tractos axonales lesionados.Objetivo. Describir los eventos bioquímicos secuenciales más relevantes de la respuesta de las células gliales posterior a la LME.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas de los últimos 18 años en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, bajo los términos en inglés spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI pathophysiology, SCI inflammation, microglia in SCI, glial scar y chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG).Resultados. Los procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen después de la LME determinan la recuperación neurológica de los pacientes. La activación de las células gliales juega un papel importante, ya que promueve la producción de moléculas bioactivas y la formación de barreras físicas que inhiben la regeneración neural.Conclusión. El conocimiento de los cambios neurobiológicos ocurridos tras la LME permite una mayor comprensión de la fisiopatología y favorece la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas que limiten la progresión de la lesión primaria y que minimicen el daño secundario responsable de la disfunción neurológica.
After-school leisure time: physical activity and estimated caloric expenditure in schoolchildren from southeast Spain
Authors: Pérez-Soto Juan José , García-Cantó Eliseo , Rosa-Guillamón Andrés , Rodríguez-García Pedro Luis , Moral-García Jose Enrique , López-García Sergio 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. Por lo general, el periodo de ocio extraescolar es empleado por los escolares para realizar actividades físicas; sin embargo, se desconoce el nivel de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa intensidad (AFMV) y de gasto calórico registrados en ese periodo.Objetivo. Analizar los niveles de actividad física y gasto energético estimado durante el periodo de ocio extraescolar.Materiales y métodos. Participaron 408 escolares, con un rango de edad entre 11 y 12 años, siendo 205 niñas (11.21±0.41) y 203 niños (11.20±0.40) del sistema educativo español. Se siguió un diseño de tipo descriptivo relacional y de carácter transversal. Los escolares registraron la actividad física con el instrumento Previous Day Physical Activity Recall y su análisis se hizo a través del promedio de minutos realizando AFMV (>3 MET) y el gasto calórico extraído de los niveles de MET.Resultados. Se encontraron medias superiores para los hombres respecto a las mujeres, tanto en los minutos de AFMV (p<0.05) como en el gasto calórico (p<0.001) registrado.Conclusiones. El promedio de minutos de AFMV estimada por los escolares estudiados cumple con los valores diarios recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se debe prestar especial atención al género femenino y a la entrada a la adolescencia.
From animal spirits to scientific revolution in Medicine (first part)
Authors: Barco-Ríos John , Duque-Parra Jorge Eduardo , Barco-Cano Johanna Alexandra 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. En el desarrollo de la medicina, a partir del siglo VI a.C., se planteó una idea filosófica para explicar el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso con base en elementos conocidos como espíritus animales, considerados durante muchos siglos como agentes transmisores de las sensaciones y del movimiento. Este concepto filosófico de base especulativa prevaleció hasta el siglo XVII con sutiles modificaciones, pero después fue superado mediante demostración con los avances logrados en neurofisiología.Discusión. Por tradición dogmática se aceptó durante muchos siglos que a través de los nervios se transmitían espíritus animales que controlaban las acciones corporales. A partir de la Revolución científica tales ideas cambiaron por conceptos mejor elaborados con apoyo del método científico.Conclusión. El concepto que se tenía antiguamente sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso cambió de forma radical a partir del siglo XVII con la ampliación del conocimiento de las características morfofisiológicas de los nervios, abriendo nuevas puertas en busca de explicaciones más coherentes y desligadas de cualquier influencia religiosa.
Reference values for spirometric variables for allegedly healthy workers
Authors: Santana-Porbén Sergio , González-Marrero Adamara , Valdivieso-Valdivieso Juan Pablo , Álvarez-Porbén Santiago 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La espirometría permite identificar de forma precoz el deterioro pulmonar en trabajadores expuestos a contaminantes laborales. No se tienen valores de referencia (VR) para variables espirométricas (VE) en trabajadores cubanos (TC).Objetivo. Obtener VR para VE en TC supuestamente sanos.Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo-analítico. Se obtuvo la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1), el cociente VEF1/CVF y la fracción de la espiración forzada al 25-75% de la CVF (FEF25-75) de 1 086 TC supuestamente sanos, no fumadores, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 20 y 65 años y atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de la Salud de los Trabajadores de La Habana, Cuba, entre 2009 y 2015. Los VR se obtuvieron para cada sexo de las funciones de regresión Y=α+β x Edad+χ x Talla+ε (Y=CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75).Resultados. Edades avanzadas se asociaron con CVF y VEF1 disminuidos; la talla elevada se asoció con mayores CVF y VEF1; una FR construida se asoció con la edad, y la talla implicó un coeficiente r2 de determinación superior y un error menor. El comportamiento de la VE predicho con la ecuación desarrollada fue menos sesgado que el observado con otras importadas.Conclusiones. Los VR construidos localmente pueden ser más efectivos en el diagnóstico de las afecciones pulmonares de los TC.
Foot ulcers: perception of patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Godoy-Coronao Alejandra , Illesca-Pretty Mónica , Cabezas-González Mirtha , Hernández-Díaz Alejandro Antonio 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: In the past decade, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased exorbitantly around the world and foot ulcer has become the most serious and costly complication, leading to possible amputation or even death.Objective: To know the perception of diabetic patients attached to CESFAM BelarminaParedes, Futrono, Chile, regarding the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers in 2015.Materials and methods: Qualitative research through intrinsic case study. Non-probabilistic intentional samples of cases based on criteria and convenience (12 patients), who signed an informed consent. Information was obtained through focus groups and analysis was made using data reduction. Validity was endorsed by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad de La Frontera.Results: Two qualitative domains were obtained out of 495 units of analysis obtained in Level I and their consequent reduction in Level III: “Concepts and experiences lived as a result of illness and healthcare team role” and “Contributions to improve quality of care”.Conclusion: Participants consider that foot ulcer is a wound. Unaware of the risks, they deem amputation as a sequel. However, patients have etiological knowledge, describe signs and symptoms, and reveal pharmacological treatment. Additionally, they state changes in daily life, work absence and degree of dependency.
AİLE VE ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNE GÖRE AMATÖR ÇALGICILAR FESTİVALİ
Authors: SÖKEZOĞLU ATILGAN Duygu 
Published: July 2018

Amatör müzik eğitiminin amacı, bireyi sanatçı yapmak değil; bireylerde müzik zevki gelişimine yardımcı
olmak ve bireylere olduğu kadar toplumun ve o toplumun kültürünün gelişimine de
katkıda bulunmaktır. Amatör müzik eğitiminin yayılması, gelişebilmesi ve
herkesin amatörce müziğe yönelmesi için mesleki müzik eğitimi veren kurumlara
görevler düşmektedir. Mesleki müzik eğitimi veren kurumlar, amatör müzik
eğitiminin mesleki müzik eğitimini desteklediğini unutmamalı ve bu konuda
amatör müzisyenlere yönelik şenlik, festival, çalıştay vb. etkinlikler
düzenleyerek bu eğitimi desteklemelidir. Amatör müzik eğitiminin mesleki müzik
eğitimi veren kurumlarca desteklenmesinin gerekliliğine inanan Afyon Kocatepe
Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı, ilk “Amatör Çalgıcılar Konseri”ni 2007
yılında gerçekleştirmiştir. 2007 yılından günümüze kadar gelişerek gelen ve bir
festival kimliği kazanan konserler, müzik eğitimine, özellikle de
Afyonkarahisar’daki amatör müzik eğitimine çok büyük katkılar sağlamıştır.

Bu
araştırmada, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı tarafından 11
yıldır düzenli olarak yürütülen “Amatör Çalgıcılar Festivali” ne katılan
öğrencilerin müzik öğretmenleri ve ailelerine festival ve festivalin kazanımları
hakkında açık uçlu bir anket uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler
değerlendirilerek bir takım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
EMANETTEN MÜLKE-Kadın-Beden-Siyaset
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Hülya 
Published: July 2018

Tanıtımını yaptığımız kitap kadın ve cinsiyet eksenli tartışmaları
Batı ve İslam dünyasının iki kavramı üzerinden değerlendirmektedir; emanet kavramı
ve mülk kavramı. Bu karşılaştırmada bir tarafta insanın kendi bedeni de dahil
tüm evreni ona verilmiş bir emanet olarak gören İslam, diğer tarafta ise
kainatı ve insan bedenini insanın kendi mülkü olarak gören Batı vardır. Yazar
konuyu işlerken Batı’nın sekülerleşme sürecine paralel bir seyirde kadın
hareketlerini ele almıştır. Feminist hareketin hikayesini tartışarak İslam ve
Batı’nın kadın konusundaki mukayesesini yapmıştır. Son bölümlerde ise Orta Doğu ve Türkiye
ölçeğinde kadın meselelerini ele almıştır. İslam ve kadın konusu; kadın
hakları, başörtüsü gibi çarpıcı başlıklarla işlenmiştir.
Development and Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Intraocular Lens Fixation after Cataract Phacoemulsification, Complicated by Capsular Lenticular Disruption
Authors: Kozhukhov A. A. , Kapranov D. O. , Ovechkin I. G. , Ovechkin N. I. 
Published: July 2018

Рurpose.Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of the original procedure for fixing the posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) after phacoemulsification of cataracts (FEC), complicated by the violation of capsular lens support.Patients and Methods. 194 patients were examined after FEC, complicated by a capsular lenticular impairment. They were divided into 3 groups. In the main group (OG, 64 eyes) the IOL was sutured with an original technique, fundamentally different method, there nodes formed at the ends of the filaments were fixed in the layers of the cornea. In 2 controls groups, there the traditional IOL under the scleral flap (K1, 68 eyes) was performed and the IOL was attached to the iris (K2, 62 eyes). A comprehensive examination of the patients’ vision state included an evaluation of clinical, functional and subjective indicators.Results.The lowest total probability of postoperative complications development was noted in OG (6.4%) compared to K2 and K1 (16.0–17.7%). The overall probability of changing the positions of the IOL in the exhaust gas is 6.4%, which is significantly lower than in the K2 (9.6%) and K1 (14.6%) groups. The developed method in comparison with the traditional methods of fixation provides a higher level of patient’s quality of life (by 10.2–11.7%, p < 0.05) and functional indicators associated with the brightness and contrast sensitivity of the eye.The conclusion.The developed technique provides, in comparison with the traditional, a higher level of safety and functionality of IOL fixation.
A experiência da promoção automática no Grupo Escolar Xavier da Silva: 1965-1969
Authors: Miguel Maria Elisabeth Blanck 
Published: July 2018

Este texto discute a instrução pública nos grupos escolares de Curitiba, em especial o Grupo Escolar Xavier da Silva, no período de 1946 a 1971. A partir dos dados encontrados nas fontes da escola toma-se como objeto um relatório de experiência de promoção automática vivida no Grupo Escolar que foi realizada no período de 1965 a 1969. O objetivo de tal experiência era reduzir o índice de reprovação e atender a um maior número de alunos que reprovavam. A análise dos dados informados é realizada fundamentando-se em Thompson (1981), Bloch (2001), Farge (2009), e Mainardes (1998; 2009), Recomendações da UNESCO (1934-1977) e relatórios do Grupo Escolar Xavier da Silva (1969-1982). A metodologia baseada principalmente na pesquisa histórica documental considera as fontes escolares como documentação imprescindível para se ter acesso à vida da escola, e enquanto tal, às experiências vividas naquele espaço pedagógico. No entanto, são tomadas enquanto vestígios, na acepção de Bloch (2001). Considera-se também a articulação entre o particular e o universal, no caso o singular é representado pela experiência do Grupo Escolar, a categoria do universal é representada pela UNESCO. Estas categorias são mediadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos, em nível nacional e o Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais, em nível estadual. Conclui-se que as possíveis contribuições dos professores não foram consideradas para a efetividade da experiência e que a mesma seguia diretivas do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais, INEP e Recomendações da UNESCO.
PEMANFAATAN KARDUS BEKAS SEBAGAI ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK DIDIK KELOMPOK BERMAIN
Authors: Wijayanti Nurti 
Published: July 2018

Creativity is one of the objectives for nonformal education. However, creativity is not well developed enough as it was observed at Play Group of Aisyiyah 02 Pati. Through waste cartoon, children can be trained to develop their creativity. The article reports the progress of how waste cartoons be made as puppets. It is an art work, and students should be creative. The progress shows how talented and creative learners are in producing puppets and telling stories , too.
Bacterial species diversity as an indicator of dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide efficacy
Authors: Reynolds-Clausen Kelley , Surridge-Talbot Karen , Botes Marelize , Eugene Cloete T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicroorganism growth in industrial systems is controlled through the use of biocides and biodispersants. There is, however, no simple means of determining the efficacy of these control mechanisms, but it is currently tested using complex bacterial culturing techniques. Biolog Ecoplates® have been used to detect bacterial population changes in various communities. These microtitre plates comprise 31 different carbon substrates (in triplicate) with wells. When a sample is added to the wells, bacteria capable of metabolising the relevant carbon sources respire the substrates, causing the tetrazolium dye in the well to turn purple, indicating a positive result. Hypothetically, the higher the microbial diversity, the more substrates will be utilised and vice versa. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis, using Biolog Ecoplates® as a potential simple indicator to determine the efficiency of a biocide to control microbial growth in cooling water systems by monitoring the changes in the microbial metabolic pattern. This study proved the hypothesis using Biolog Ecoplates®, indicating that the addition of biocides at various concentrations resulted in fewer substrates being utilised, indicative of a decrease in microbial species diversity.
THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Spartak A. N. 
Published: July 2018

The article considers modern concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, its basic components, effects on production, business processes, value and supply chains. The author has specified five most important effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on international trade and global commerce: shifts in the structure and configuration of international trade, including flow of many operations with real goods and services into digital space and trade localization impulses on part of distributed manufacturing and decentralized value chains; enhancing global competition and its shift to non-material sphere; appearance of the new formats and opportunities for international business due to digitalization, more inclusive cross-border commerce and expansion of cloud employment; regulatory changes to deal with fast growing digital trade with participation of companies, entrepreneurs, households and actually beyond national jurisdictions, emergence of the new generation above the border disciplines related to regulation of commercial relations in virtual space; systemic effects of technological transformation on international trade, i. a. blurring of lines between crossborder and domestic operations in the globalized digital environment, erosion of the concept of foreign trade specialization traditionally determined by the availability of factors of production and necessary competences. Many of the expected changes will have radical character for existing view of international trade. Understanding of these changes is of vital importance for elaboration of the effective external positioning strategy for Russia.
The Large Conductance Calcium- and Voltage-activated Potassium Channel (BK) and Epilepsy
Authors: Zang Kai , Zhang Yuwen , Hu Jie , Wang Yun 
Published: July 2018

Background & Objective: The large conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium
channels (BK) are widely distributed channel proteins which exist in virtually every cell type of
mammals and function to influence membrane excitability and Ca2+ signaling. BK channels can be activated
by the increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a consequence of neuronal excitation,
and then terminate the action potential with the outward K+ flux. Moreover, after-hyperpolarization
induced by BK channels closes Cav channels and thus precludes excessive Ca2+ influx. Considering
this negative feedback effect, BK channel seemly acts to decrease membrane excitability in order to
prevent hyperexcitation which is a typical characteristic of epilepsy. Therefore, one may reasonably
suppose that membrane excitability would increase when the BK channel activity decreases. However,
the membrane excitability displays elevation when the function of BK channel is under either upregulated
or down-regulated status. Factors altering the activity of BK channels, such as gene mutations,
polymorphism, channel openers or blockers that lead to loss- or gain-of-function, have all been
linked to epilepsy onset.

Conclusion:
The aim of this review is to summarize existing knowledge and recent findings on the
molecular properties, signaling complex and channel dysfunction of the BK channels with a particular
attention to the possible relevance to the pathophysiology of epilepsy.
Overview of the Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Treatment for Autism
Authors: Famitafreshi Hamidreza , Karimian Morteza 
Published: July 2018

Background & Objective:
Autism is a developmental disorder that manifests itself in early
childhood. Autism is characterized by inability to acquire social skills, repetitive behaviors and failure
of speech and nonverbal communication development. Recent studies have shown that genetic mutations
occur in majority of individuals with autism. These mutations cause a variety of disorders that
ultimately lead to brain disorders. It is noteworthy that all mutations do not follow the same pattern.
They encompass various kinds of mutations. Autism needs to be treated during childhood as untreated
patients usually do not progress to the later stages of development. In this regard, many studies have
been performed and numerous treatments have been proposed to improve the outcome of this disease.

Conclusion:
In this review, we have discussed new advancements made in understanding the pathophysiology
of autism. Furthermore, we have also discussed new treatments which have been proposed
and have successfully translated affected children. Overall, it is concluded that new advances have
largely helped these patients.
Una región interpromotora incrementa la transcripción del gen argK, que codifica para la ornitina carbamoiltransferasa resistente a la faseolotoxina en Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola
Authors: Hernández-Flores José Luis , Álvarez-Morales Ariel , De la Torre-Zavala Susana , Hernández-Soriano Laura , Chacón-López Alejandra , Montalvo-González Efigenia , Aguilera Selene 
Published: July 2018

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, es el agente causal del tizón del halo del frijol, una enfermedad que se caracteriza por presentar lesiones acuosas rodeadas por un halo clorótico, el cual es producido por la acción de la faseolotoxina, una toxina no específica del hospedero, producida de manera óptima entre 18°C a 20°C. Para protegerse de su propia toxina, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola posee una ornitina carbamoyl-transferasa (OCTasa) resistente a la faseolotoxina (ROCT) codificada por argK, que es expresada bajo las condiciones de síntesis de la faseolotoxina. El promotor de argK es divergente al promotor de phtABC y ambos comparten una región interpromotora. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la función de la región interpromotora sobre la transcripción de argK en P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. Para esto, se llevaron a cabo deleciones de la región interpromotora y se evaluó la transcripción de argK en un sistema heterólogo. También se determinó el efecto de múltiples copias de la región interpromotora sobre la producción de la faseolotoxina. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que esta región es necesaria para incrementar la transcripción de argK. Adicionalmente, cuando se ponen múltiples copias de esta región, se interfiere con la termorregulación de la faseolotoxina a 28°C en la cepa de P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121.
Application of Chosen Methods of Robust Estimation: Baarda’s and Huber’s in Search for Outliers in the Real Estate Market Modeling
Authors: Śpiewak Beata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the article, an attempt was made to compile a dataset which was devoid of outliers, on the example of Cracovian apartment market. Robust estimation was the tool which was used, but only its two methods were considered: Baarda’s and Huber’s. Huber’s method belongs to the so-called active methods which means that it allows to eliminate gross errors during the estimation of the parameters of multiple linear regression where a unit price is called a dependent variable or forecasted one. Baarda’s method is a passive method which is based on statistical tests and allows, after determining the parameters of a multiple linear regression model, to indicate the observations which may be burdened with gross errors. Thus both mentioned algorithms differ from each other substantially. In this publication, Baarda’s and Huber’s methods were compared in the context of their effectiveness for the analyzed dataset, and as tools of preparing the data for further analysis. The results showed that Baarda’s method is more appropriate for the analyzed dataset than Huber’s algorithm, but it does not mean that the active method is worse.