bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thresholds for run‐off generation in a drained closed depression
Authors: Williams Mark R. , Livingston Stanley J. , Heathman Gary C. , McAfee Scott J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrological threshold behaviour has been observed across hillslopes and catchments with varying characteristics. Few studies, however, have evaluated rainfall–run‐off response in areas dominated by agricultural land use and artificial subsurface drainage. Hydrograph analysis was used to identify distinct hydrological events over a 9‐year period and examine rainfall characteristics, dynamic water storage, and surface and subsurface run‐off generation in a drained and farmed closed depression in north‐eastern Indiana, USA. Results showed that both surface flow and subsurface tile flow displayed a threshold relationship with the sum of rainfall amount and soil moisture deficit (SMD). Neither surface flow nor subsurface tile flow was observed unless rainfall amount exceeded the SMD. Timing of subsurface tile flow relative to soil moisture response on the shoulder slope of the depression indicated that the formation and drainage of perched water tables on depression hillslopes were likely the main mechanism that produced subsurface connectivity. Surface flow generation was delayed compared with subsurface tile flow during rainfall events due to differences in soil water storage along depression hillslopes and run‐off generation mechanisms. These findings highlight the substantial impact of subsurface tile drainage on the hydrology of closed depressions; the bottom of the depression, the wettest area prior to drainage installation, becomes the driest part of the depression after installation of subsurface drainage. Rapid connectivity of localized subsurface saturation zones during rainfall events is also greatly enhanced because of subsurface drainage. Thus, less fill is required to generate substantial spill. Understanding hydrologic processes in drained and farmed closed depressions is a critical first step in developing improved water and nutrient management strategies in this landscape.
Promising Practices for Alternatives Assessment: Lessons from a Case Study of Copper-Free Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Heine Lauren , Nestler Amelia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Alternatives assessment (AA) is intended to identify safer and more sustainable approaches for managing chemicals used in industrial applications and consumer products and to avoid the adoption of regrettable substitutions. In the United States, the state of Washington prescribes a science-based approach for conducting an AA that meets regulatory requirements. This paper provides an overview of the approach, based on the Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse (IC2) AA Guide, and illustrates its application to the examination of suitable alternatives to Cu-based antifouling coatings commonly used for recreational boats in the Pacific Northwest. Legislation has been passed in Washington State that will ban the use of certain Cu-based products in both freshwater and marine environments. The AA approach was used to identify and evaluate several alternatives to Cu-based antifouling boat paint products. Five promising practices that AA practitioners should consider when using the IC2 AA Guide in similar assessments of alternatives to industrial practices and consumer products include actively engaging stakeholders, enhancing the decision framework using a selection guide approach, scoping alternatives broadly, optimizing ingredient transparency, and identifying data gaps that could interfere with substitution efforts. The role AA plays in driving consumer product and similar technology innovations and its implications for the future are discussed. Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1-13. © 2019 SETAC
Automated and reliable brain radiology with texture analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and cross datasets validation
Authors: Gilanie Ghulam , Bajwa Usama Ijaz , Waraich Mustansar Mahmood , Habib Zulfiqar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReliable brain tumor radiology is one of the serious mortality issues of medical hospitals and on priority of healthcare departments. In this research, the presence of brain tumor and its type (if exists) is automatically diagnosed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first step is most important where suitable parameters from Gabor texture analysis are extracted and then classified with a support vector machine. The drive of this research activity is to verify robustness of the proposed model on cross datasets, so that it could deal with variability and multiformity present in MRI data. Further to this, the developed approach is able to deploy as a real application in the local environment. Therefore, once a model has been trained and tested on an openly available benchmarked dataset, it is retested on a different dataset acquired from a local source. Standard evaluation measures, that is, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and AUC‐values have been used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method. It has been established that the proposed method has the ability to deal with multiformity, variability, and local medical traits present in brain MRI data.
Present and future of the use and impact of information and communication technology in informal microenterprises: Insights from India
Authors: Ilavarasan P. Vigneswara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing Indian cases, the present paper argues that the usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in informal microenterprises in the developing world is still at a nascent stage. The use is mostly limited to mobile phones and the personal domain. The impact of its usage on the growth of the enterprises is also limited. The characteristics of these enterprises, which are predominantly walk‐in customers, smaller size, and the nonuse of electricity, can explain the low usage and impact of ICTs. The future pathways for linking ICTs and informal enterprises are discussed in the light of emerging automation technologies. It appears that low‐cost ICTs like mobile applications are likely to play a significant role in the growth of such enterprises, which needs to be studied in the future.
microRNA‐138 induces cell survival and reduces WNT/β‐catenin signaling of osteoarthritis chondrocytes through NEK2
Authors: Xu Weiling , Gao Peihong , Zhang Yan , Piao Li , Dong Dong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and function degeneration with high incidence. Recent studies have been inspired based on the association between microRNAs (miRs) and therapeutic research of OA. Hence, the present study evaluates the effects of miR‐138 on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway in mice with OA by binding to NIMA‐related kinase 2 (NEK2). Appropriate dataset was selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes and potential miRNAs that could regulate NEK2 were explored. A mouse model of OA was established. The expressions of miR‐138, NEK2, β‐catenin, GSK3β, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), p53, MMP‐13, Col2, and Aggrecan and the phosphorylation levels of β‐catenin were determined by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The potential functional role of NEK2 was revealed to be related to the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and miR‐138 was the putative regulator of NEK2. miR‐138 expression was downregulated while expressions of NEK2 and β‐catenin as well as the phosphorylation levels of β‐catenin were upregulated in mice with OA. The chondrocytes treated with miR‐138 mimic and siRNA‐NEK2 exhibited reduced expressions of NEK2, β‐catenin, MMP‐13, Bax, and p53 and elevated expressions of Col2, Aggrecan, and Bcl‐2 as well as phosphorylation levels of β‐catenin along with enhanced chondrocytes' proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Overexpression of miR‐138 induces cell survival and reduces WNT/β‐catenin signaling of OA chondrocytes through NEK2. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1355–1366, 2019
Creating Conditions for Literate Engagement: Teaching, Learning, and Acting in the World
Authors: Burns Leslie David , Faris Amber , Melino Flor , Turner Wendy , Wheatley Abigail 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe authors illustrate how literacy and language arts teachers work with students to help them act and engage as agents in and beyond school. The authors demonstrate how teachers design environments for learning and practice and how young people use resulting skills and motivations intentionally as a result of their experiences in those environments. With certain conditions in place, students learn to engage purposefully as leaders their communities. The authors offer examples of how teachers help students engage in literate practices, demonstrate how young people think about literacy in their lives, and celebrate how students use their learning to attain their goals beyond academic achievement. The authors conclude by noting how systematic design of engaging school spaces reflects research‐based findings about literacy engagement in high school classrooms, encouraging teachers to create conditions for engagement purposefully to support all youths in all contexts for similar success.
Effective control of biofilms by photothermal therapy using a gold nanorod hydrogel
Authors: Bermúdez‐Jiménez Carlos , Niño‐Martínez Nereyda , Patiño‐Marín Nuria , Martínez‐Gutiérrez Fidel , Ruiz Facundo , Bach Horacio , Martínez‐Castañón Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiofilms are matrices synthesized by bacteria containing polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins. The development of biofilms in infectious processes can induce a chronic inflammatory response that may progress to the destruction of tissues. The treatment of biofilms is difficult because they serve as a bacterial mechanism of defense and high doses of antibiotics are necessary to treat these infections with limited positive results. It has been demonstrated that photothermal therapy using gold nanorods (AuNRs) is an attractive treatment because of its anti‐biofilm activity. The purpose of this work was to generate a novel chitosan‐based hydrogel embedded with AuNRs to evaluate its anti‐biofilm activity. AuNRs were synthesized by the seed‐mediated growth method and mixed with the chitosan‐based hydrogel. Hydrogels were characterized and tested against two bacterial strains by irradiating the produced biofilm in the presence of the nanoformulation with a laser adjusted at the near infrared spectrum. In addition, the safety of the nanoformulation was assessed with normal human gingival fibroblasts. Results showed that a significant bacterial killing was measured when biofilms were exposed to an increase of 10°C for a short time of 2 min. Moreover, no cytotoxicity was measured when normal gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the nanoformulation using the bactericidal conditions. The development of the reported formulation can be used as a direct application to treat periodontal diseases or biofilm‐produced bacteria that colonize the oral cavity.
The influence of the Chuyou Yuyang granule on the Toll‐like receptor/nuclear factor‐κB signal pathway in Helicobacter pylori‐positive peptic ulcer patients
Authors: Yang Fang , Ge Guiping , Shen Wen , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cure rate of Helicobacter pylori (HP)‐positive peptic ulcer has appeared to downward trend, and the resistance of the ulcer relapse has become a hot issue.MethodsHematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect the repair of the damaged tissues in patients after treatment with the Chuyou Yuyang granule (CYYY). Elisa was used to analyze the expression of cytokine interleukin 18 (IL‐18) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in the patients' serum. Western blot analysis was used to explore the mechanism of the CYYY. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of microRNA‐155a (miR‐155a) and miR‐146a in the blood of the patients and to confirm whether CYYY could cure peptic ulcer through regulation of miR‐155a and miR‐146a.ResultsThe damaged gastric mucosal tissues of ulcer patients were significantly repaired by treating with CYYY. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL18 and TNF‐α were notably repressed after treating with CYYY. In addition, CYYY played a key role in regulation of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signal pathway and the expression of miR‐155a and miR‐146a.ConclusionCYYY was a highly effective therapeutic method for peptic ulcer patients by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF‐κB signal pathway and suppressing the expression of miR‐155a and miR‐146a.
Breviscapine provides a neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury by modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Fayin , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhijie , Gao Pengfei , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBreviscapine (BVP) has been widely used in the treatment of several systemic diseases, including those of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. But, few studies have looked at the neuroprotective effects of BVP and its potential effect in treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of BVP following TBI and illuminated the underlying mechanism. The weight drop‐induced closed diffuse traumatic brain injury method was used to induce TBI in rats. BVP was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes after TBI. Neurologic scores were performed to measure behavioral outcomes. Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed on histopathologic tissue sections to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related downstream proteins, including heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and quinine oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1) were detected with Western blots. BVP treatment alleviated or attenuated TBI‐induced neuron cell apoptosis and improved neurobehavioral functions through the upregulated expression of Nrf2 and its related downstream proteins. This study, using the drug, BVP, we present new mechanisms responsible for neuronal apoptosis in TBI with possible involvement of the Nrf2 pathway.
Cancer drug resistance: A fleet to conquer
Authors: Hussain Showket , Singh Ankita , Nazir Sheeraz Un , Tulsyan Sonam , Khan Asiya , Kumar Ramesh , Bashir Nasreena , Tanwar Pranay , Mehrotra Ravi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCancer is a disease that claims millions of lives each year across the world. Despite advancement in technologies and therapeutics for treating the disease, these modes are often found to turn ineffective during the course of treatment. The resistance against drugs in cancer patients stems from multiple factors, which constitute genetic heterogeneity like gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, exosomes, miRNAs, high rate of drug efflux from cells, and so on. This review attempts to collate all such known and reported factors that influence cancer drug resistance and may help researchers with information that might be useful in developing better therapeutics in near future to enable better management of several cancers across the world.
microRNA‐199a‐5p suppresses glioma progression by inhibiting MAGT1
Authors: Wang Guang , Li Yong , Li Jie , Zhang Dongxia , Luo Chao , Zhang Bingqian , Sun Xiaochuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) can function as a tumor suppressor or oncogenic genes in human cancers. Alternation expression of miR‐199a‐5p has been revealed in several human cancers. However, its expression pattern and biological roles in glioma remain unclear. Expression levels of miR‐199a‐5p in glioma were evaluated at first. The effects of miR‐199a‐5p expression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated using the MTT assay, wound‐healing assay, and transwell invasion assay. The expression of miR‐199a‐5p was found to be reduced in glioma cell lines. Overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, the target of miR‐199a‐5p was predicted by TargetScan and validated by luciferase activity reporter assay. We found magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) was a direct target of miR‐199a‐5p. Overexpression of MAGT1 reversed the effects of miR‐199a‐5p on glioma cell behaviors. Taken together, our study revealed that miR‐199a‐5p and MAGT1 have the potential to be used as a biomarker for glioma.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer based on miRNA and mRNA co‐expression network
Authors: Yao Yan , Liu Ruijuan , Gao Chundi , Zhang Tingting , Qi Lingyu , Liu Gongxi , Zhang Wenfeng , Wang Xue , Li Jie , Li Jia , Sun Changgang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeBreast cancer (BC) remains a serious health threat for women due to its high incidence and the trend of rejuvenation. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) could play important roles in various biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of BC. The present study aimed to identify potential prognostic biomarkers associated with BC.MethodsHere, original gene expression profiles of patients with BC was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase databases were used to predict the target genes of prognostic‐related differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and topological analysis were performed on the overlaps of target genes and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs), and Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to predict prognosis‐related target genes to identify prognostic biomarkers.ResultsA total of 218 DEMs and 2222 DEGs were extracted in which eight miRNAs were associated with prognosis, and 278 target DEGs were screened out incorporated into functional enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction network visualization studies. Additionally, five hub genes (CXCL12, IGF1, LEF1, MMP1, and RACGAP1) were observed as potential biomarkers for BC prognosis through survival analysis.ConclusionWe performed a distinctive correlation analysis of miRNA‐mRNA in BC patients, and identified eight miRNAs and five hub genes may be effective biomarkers for the prognosis of BC patients.
Integrative analyses of key genes and regulatory elements in fluoride‐affected osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Mi , Jin Xin , Guo Fengjing , Wu Gang , Wu Lin , Deng Sisi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is one of the most malignant tumors in adolescents with severe outcomes while fluoride is one of the most abundant elements in the environment. Epidemiological evidence has elucidated the relationship between fluoride and osteosarcoma, but the molecular mechanisms are extremely complicated. Microarray profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the progression of fluoride‐affected osteosarcoma. The functional enrichment analysis was performed, a protein‐protein interaction network, a microRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) and a transcription factors‐mRNA regulatory network were constructed and performed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape. A total of 171 DEGs were identified. The functions and pathways of the DEGs were enriched in nucleolus, protein ubiquitination, protein binding, RNA transport, and the spliceosome. Eighteen hub genes were identified and functional analysis revealed that these genes are mainly enriched in protein binding, nucleoplasm, and ribosomal RNA processing. Survival analysis showed that the hub genes may be involved in the invasion or recurrence of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the DEGs and hub genes with their regulatory elements identified in this study will help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride‐affected osteosarcoma and provide candidate targets for future research.
Effective and new potent drug combination: Histone deacetylase and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway inhibitors in lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Akgun Oguzhan , Erkisa Merve , Ari Ferda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. In this study, the therapeutic effect of combination valproic acid and niclosamide was investigated on human lung cancer cell line. The effects of the compounds alone and combination therapy on cell viability were determined by sulforhodamine B and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate viability assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell death mechanism and DNA damage levels responsible for the cytotoxic effects of combination therapy. The presence of apoptosis in cells was supported by fluorescence microscopy and also by using inhibitors of the apoptotic signaling pathway. The increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in combination therapy was determined by H2DCFDA staining. The effect of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine combination on ROS increase was investigated on cell viability. In addition, the expression levels of the proteins associated with epigenetic regulation and cell death were analyzed by Western blotting and gene expression levels were determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.It was observed that the combination therapy showed a cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cells compared to the individual use of the inhibitors. The absence of this effect on normal lung cells revealed the presence of a selective toxic effect. When the mechanism of cytotoxicity is examined, it has been observed that combination therapy initiates the activation of tumor necrosis receptors and causes apoptosis by activated caspase. It was also observed that this extrinsic apoptotic pathway was activated on the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, ER stress and mitochondrial membrane potential loss associated with increased ROS levels induce cell death. When the data in this study were evaluated, combination therapy caused a dramatic decrease in cell viability by inducing the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in lung cancer cell line. Therefore, it was concluded that it can be used as an effective and new treatment option for lung cancer.
Modulation of miR‐34a in curcumin‐induced antiproliferation of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Zheng Zongmei , Huang Jiaming , Ma Xiao , Huang Cong , Wu Rui , Li Xiaoting , Liang Zhaofeng , Deng Feifei , Wu Jieshu , Geng Shanshan , Xie Chunfeng , Zhong Caiyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurcumin is a phytochemical which exhibits significant inhibitory effect in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. MicroRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) was found to be a master tumor suppressor miRNA and regulated the growth of cancer cells. To date, however, the role of miR‐34a in the anticancer action of curcumin against prostate cancer has been rarely reported. In the present study, we showed that curcumin altered the expression of cell cycle‐related genes (cyclin D1, PCNA, and p21) and inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that curcumin significantly upregulated the expression of miR‐34a, along with the downregulated expression of β‐catenin and c‐myc in three prostate cancer cell lines. Inhibition of miR‐34a activated β‐catenin/c‐myc axis, altered cell cycle‐related genes expression and significantly suppressed the antiproliferation effect of curcumin in prostate cancer cells. Findings from this study revealed that miR‐34a plays an important role in the antiproliferation effect of curcumin in prostate cancer.