bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Compliance to an Enhanced Recovery Protocol and Outcome After Elective Surgery for Gastric Cancer. Results from a Western Population‐Based Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Gianotti Luca , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , De Pascale Stefano , Weindelmayer Jacopo , Mengardo Valentina , Sandini Marta , Cossu Andrea , Parise Paolo , Rosati Riccardo , Bencini Lapo , Coratti Andrea , Colombo Giovanni , Galli Federica , Rausei Stefano , Casella Francesco , Sansonetti Andrea , Maggioni Dario , Costanzi Andrea , Bernasconi Davide P. , De Manzoni Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between compliance to an enhanced recovery protocol (ERAS) and outcome after surgery for gastric cancer has been poorly investigated, particularly in Western patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the rate of adherence to the ERAS program was correlated with outcome and time of discharge.MethodsA prospective, observational, multicenter study was designed to be performed at Italian referral centers for gastric surgery. The protocol was discussed and approved by the Italian Research Group on Gastric Cancer. Twenty‐three ERAS domains were applied. A multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between ERAS compliance and overall and major complication rates. The Poisson regression model (measured as mean ratios) was used to assess the association of ERAS compliance rate and length of stay (LOS).ResultsEight centers participated and 290 subjects with a median age of 73 years were enrolled. The overall rates of adherence to pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative ERAS items were 69.8%, 60.3%, and 82.5%, respectively. At the multivariate model, there was an association between overall rate of morbidity and an overall ERAS compliance rate greater than 70% (OR 0.413; 95% CI 0.235–0.7240; P 0.002). A similar association was found for major complications (OR 0.328; 95% CI 0.151–0.709; P 0.005). The Poisson regression showed that in patients with ERAS compliance rate >70%, LOS was reduced of approximately 20% (mean ratio 0.812; 95% CI 0.694–0.950; P 0.009).ConclusionsThese results suggest a moderate compliance to an ERAS program and a significant association between adherence and outcomes.
Cougar (Puma concolor) Injury in the United States
Authors: Wang Yoyo Y. , Weiser Thomas G. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Human encounters with the cougar ( Puma concolor) are rare in the United States but may be fatal. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of cougar attacks in the United States. We asked Fish and Wildlife Department officials from the 16 states in which cougars are known to live to identify all verified cougar attacks recorded in state history. Variables describing the human victim, cougar, and conditions surrounding the attack were recorded. The Fisher exact test was used for comparison. Results Ten states reported 74 cougar attacks from 1924 to 2018. Persons less than 18 y of age were heavily represented among victims; 48% were <18 y old, and 35% were less than 10 y old. Attacks were more common in the summer and fall months. Most attacks occurred during daylight hours. The head, neck, and chest were the most common anatomic sites of injury. Sixteen (46%) victims were hospitalized after being attacked, among the 35 victims with these data available. Eleven (15%) attacks were fatal among 71 reports with this information. None of the hospitalized victims died ( P=0.02). No victim variables were predictive of death. Conclusions Cougar attacks are uncommon but can be fatal. Attacks commonly affect children and young adults, although all age groups are at risk of attack and death. Most attacks occur during the daytime in the summer and fall. As development and recreational activities put humans in closer contact with cougars, establishing validated public health messaging is critical to minimize injurious encounters.
Large-scale streaky structures in turbulent jets
Authors: Nogueira Petrônio A. S. , Cavalieri André V. G. , Jordan Peter , Jaunet Vincent 
Published: June 2019

Streaks have been found to be an important part of wall-turbulence dynamics. In this paper, we extend the analysis for unbounded shear flows, in particular a Mach 0.4 round jet, using measurements taken using dual-plane, time-resolved, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) taken at pairs of jet cross-sections, allowing the evaluation of the cross-spectral density of streamwise velocity fluctuations resolved into azimuthal Fourier modes. From the streamwise velocity results, two analyses are performed: the evaluation of wavenumber spectra (assuming Taylor’s hypothesis for the streamwise coordinate) and a spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) of the velocity field using PIV planes in several axial stations. The methods complement each other, leading to the conclusion that large-scale streaky structures are also present in turbulent jets where they experience large growth in the streamwise direction, energetic structures extending up to eight diameters from the nozzle exit. Leading SPOD modes highlight the large-scale, streaky shape of the structures, whose aspect ratio (streamwise over azimuthal length) is approximately 15. The data were further analysed using SPOD, resolvent and transient growth analyses, good agreement being observed between the models and the leading SPOD mode for the wavenumbers considered. The models also indicate that the lift-up mechanism is active in turbulent jets, with streamwise vortices leading to streaks. The results show that large-scale streaks are a relevant part of the jet dynamics.
Characteristics of turbulence in a face-centred cubic porous unit cell
Authors: He Xiaoliang , Apte Sourabh V. , Finn Justin R. , Wood Brian D. 
Published: June 2019

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed in a triply periodic unit cell of a face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice covering the unsteady inertial, to fully turbulent, flow regimes. The DNS data are used to quantify the flow topology, integral scales, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport and anisotropy distribution in the tortuous geometry. Several unique flow features are observed within this low porosity configuration, where the mean flow undergoes strong acceleration and deceleration regions with presence of three-dimensional helical motions, weak wake-like structures behind spheres, stagnation and jet-impingement-like flows together with merging and spreading jets in the main pore space. The jet-impingement and weak wake-like flow structures give rise to regions with negative total TKE production. Unlike flows in complex shaped ducts, the turbulence intensity levels in the cross-stream directions are found to be larger than those in the streamwise direction. Furthermore, due to the compact nature and confined geometry of the FCC packing, the turbulent integral length scales are estimated to be less than 10 % of the bead diameter even for the lowest Reynolds number studied, indicating the absence of macroscale turbulence structures for this configuration. This finding suggests that even for the highly anisotropic flow within the pore, the upscaled flow statistics are captured well by the representative volumes defined by the unit cell.
Interaction of coherent flow structures in adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Bross Matthew , Fuchs Thomas , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: June 2019

With the aim to characterize the near-wall flow structures and their interaction with large-scale motions in the log-law region, time-resolved planar and volumetric flow field measurements were performed in the near-wall and log-law region of an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer following a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer at a friction Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=5000$. Due to the high spatial and temporal resolution of the measurements, it was possible to resolve and identify uniform-momentum zones in the region $z/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}<0.15$ or $z^{+}<350$ and to relate them with well known coherent flow motions near the wall. The space–time results confirm that the turbulent superstructures have a strong impact even on the very near-wall flow motion and also their alternating appearance in time and intensity could be quantified over long time sequences. Using the time record of the velocity field, rare localized separation events appearing in the viscous sublayer were also analysed. By means of volumetric particle tracking velocimetry their three-dimensional topology and dynamics could be resolved. Based on the results, a conceptual model was deduced that explains their rare occurrence, topology and dynamics by means of a complex interaction process between low-momentum turbulent superstructures, near-wall low-speed streaks and tilted longitudinal and spanwise vortices located in the near-wall region.
Reduced grey matter volume in frontal and temporal areas in depression: contributions from voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Kandilarova Sevdalina , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Sirakov Nickolay , Maes Michael , Specht Karsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to examine whether and to what extent mood disorders, comprising major depression and bipolar disorder, are accompanied by structural changes in the brain as measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods:We performed a VBM study using a 3Т MRI system (GE Discovery 750w) in patients with mood disorders (n=50), namely, 39 with major depression and 11 with bipolar disorder compared to 42 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls.Results:Our results show that depression was associated with significant decreases in grey matter (GM) volume of the regions located within the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex on the left side and middle frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular and orbital parts) and middle temporal gyrus (extending to the superior temporal gyrus) on the right side. When the patient group was separated into bipolar disorder and major depression, the reductions remained significant only for patients with major depressive disorder.Conclusions:Using VBM the present study was able to replicate decreases in GM volume restricted to frontal and temporal regions in patients with mood disorders, mainly major depression, compared with healthy controls.
Actions of skew braces and set-theoretic solutions of the reflection equation
Authors: De Commer K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA skew brace, as introduced by L. Guarnieri and L. Vendramin, is a set with two group structures interacting in a particular way. When one of the group structures is abelian, one gets back the notion of brace as introduced by W. Rump. Skew braces can be used to construct solutions of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. In this article, we introduce a notion of action of a skew brace, and show how it leads to solutions of the closely associated reflection equation.
Integrating Remote Sensing into Wildlife Monitoring for Conservation
Authors: Stephenson PJ 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEffective wildlife monitoring is a prerequisite for effective wildlife conservation since, without time-series data on species populations and threats, evidence-based adaptive management will be difficult to achieve. Technological advances in remote sensing offer more opportunities for data collection than ever before. However, if we are to enhance data sharing and the use of data by decision-makers, methods must be relevant to local user needs and be integrated into monitoring schemes with appropriate goals and indicators.
Culturally Safe Falls Prevention Program for Inuvialuit Elders in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada: Considerations for Development and Implementation
Authors: Frigault Julia S. , Giles Audrey R. 
Published: June 2019

RÉSUMÉLa théorie postcoloniale a été utilisée dans cette étude pour identifier les recommandations actuelles en matière de prévention des chutes qui sont proposées par les programmeurs locaux en prévention des chutes (PLPC), afin de réduire les taux de chutes chez les aînés inuvialuits à Inuvik, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest (Canada), et en vue de comprendre comment co-créer avec les participants des programmes de prévention des chutes qui soient culturellement sûrs pour les aînés inuvialuits. Les résultats ont montré que les aînés inuvialuits et les PLPC à Inuvik recommandent d’ajouter aux programmes existants des évaluations et des modifications environnementales, de l’activité physique et de la formation pour les aînés et les soignants. Pour que les programmes de prévention des chutes soient culturellement sûrs, les aînés considéraient aussi que ces programmes devraient inclure les stratégies suivantes : établir des liens de confiance et des relations au sein de la communauté, intégrer des interventions autochtones et non autochtones dans ces programmes, et assurer une formation sur les pratiques culturellement sécuritaires.
On Erdős–Ko–Rado for random hypergraphs I
Authors: Hamm A. , Kahn J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA family of sets is intersecting if no two of its members are disjoint, and has the Erdős–Ko–Rado property (or is EKR) if each of its largest intersecting subfamilies has non-empty intersection.Denote by ${{\cal H}_k}(n,p)$ the random family in which each k-subset of {1, …, n} is present with probability p, independent of other choices. A question first studied by Balogh, Bohman and Mubayi asks:

\begin{equation} {\rm{For what }}p = p(n,k){\rm{is}}{{\cal H}_k}(n,p){\rm{likely to be EKR}}? \end{equation}

Here, for fixed c &lt; 1/4, and $k \lt \sqrt {cn\log n} $ we give a precise answer to this question, characterizing those sequences p = p(n, k) for which

\begin{equation} {\mathbb{P}}({{\cal H}_k}(n,p){\rm{is EKR}}{\kern 1pt} ) \to 1{\rm{as }}n \to \infty . \end{equation}
EBSD and CL Study of Deformed Quartz Grains in Rocks: An Example for one Strain Fringe Structure From Iron Quadrangle
Authors: Barbosa P. F. , Lagoeiro L. E. , Silva M. A. O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKinematic indicators, including certain strain fringes, represent an important group of structures related to the progressive deformation in rocks. The evolution of these fibrous textures can be explained by the combination of multiple mechanisms of deformation and fluid flow, mainly controlled by the orientation of the strain field and the morphology of the grains. In general, the observations are done with an optical microscope and compared with computational models of growth. This work proposes a combination of crystallographic and cathodoluminescence data obtained in rocks from banded iron formations of the Iron Quadrangle in Brazil to represent an example of how complementary analytical techniques can be useful to understand geological problems. The chosen sample exhibits a strain fringe structure of quartz around a clast of magnetite partially transformed into goethite and hematite. Through the crystallographic data it was possible to identify the grain boundary morphology and domains of low deformation areas. On the other hand, the cathodoluminescence signal evidenced the occurrence of grains with a higher concentration of crystalline defects.
Primary health care physicians’ prescribing patterns for children under five in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jahan Saulat , Al-Saigul Abdullah Mohammed , Hamdelsseed Salih Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Irrational prescription of drugs in children is reported to be widespread. There are scarce studies on the pediatric prescribing pattern especially at primary health care (PHC) level.Aim:To determine the physicians’ prescribing patterns for children under five years, to explore completeness of prescriptions’ recorded information, and to analyze the core indicators of drug prescribing at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Qassim.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 25 randomly selected PHCCs. All prescriptions, for the first week of first six months of the year 1437 Hijrah (October 2015 to April 2016), were reviewed. Among 25 012 prescriptions, 4125 (16.5%) were for children under five years. We randomly selected 1212 prescriptions for the study. World Health Organization (WHO) specified drug use indicators, and index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) with a maximum value of 5, were calculated. The physicians and pharmacists of sampled PHCCs were also surveyed to explore prescribing issues.Findings:The completeness of recorded date, patient age, and gender was more than 90%. The diagnosis was legibly written in 842 (69.5%), while the patient weight was recorded in 307 (25.3%) prescriptions. The least commonly recorded instruction was the drug strength (26.8%), while the dose and frequency of use were stated for 91.3% and 90.8% of the drugs, respectively. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.35 ± 0.89; 72.97% drugs were prescribed by generic name; in 65.98% patient encounters, antibiotics were prescribed. The overall IRDP was 3.56. Most of the physicians and pharmacists reported availability of the drug list and Saudi PHC formulary in their PHCCs.Conclusion:PHC physicians’ drug prescribing was not at the optimal level of rational use, especially regarding prescription of antibiotics. Creating awareness about rational drug use and hazards of overuse of antibiotics is needed.
Primary health care among rural pregnant women in China: achievements and challenges in maternal mortality ratio
Authors: Yang Le , Wang Hongman 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is not only an important indicator of maternal and infant safety, but also a sign of the development of economy, education, and medical care in a country. In the last 60 years, the Chinese government has implemented various strategies and policies to reduce the MMR, especially in the rural areas.

Aim:
This study aimed to discuss the strategies developed by the Chinese government, showing the successful experience of Chinese intervention programs and highlighting the challenges to the government in the context of current economic and social status.

Method:
This study probed into the Chinese government’s efforts and achievements in the MMR reducing by reviewing the relevant health policies, extracting the data from China Health Statistics Yearbook of 2015, analyzing the reduction of maternal death in rural areas and the major causes from 1991 to 2015, comparing the MMR trend in urban and rural areas, and discussing the changes of the situation in China.

Finding:
Although it seems that Chinese government’s efforts have brought evangel to the rural pregnant women and significantly reduced rural maternal mortality, the government still needs to develop more equitable and flexible primary health care policies to narrow the imbalance in health resource allocation and pay more attention to the health care for the rural-to-urban migration in China.
Electrocardiographic screening in primary care for cardiovascular disease risk and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Harskamp Ralf E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are frequently recorded in primary care for screening purposes. An ECG is essential in diagnosing atrial fibrillation, and ECG abnormalities are associated with cardiovascular events. While recent studies show that ECGs adequately reclassify a proportion of patients based on the clinical risk score calculations, there are no data to support that this also results in improved health outcomes. When applied for screening for atrial fibrillation, more cases are found with routine care, but this would be undone when physicians would perform systematic pulse palpation. In most studies, the harms of routine ECG use (such as unnecessary diagnostic testing, emotional distress, increased health expenses) were poorly documented. As such, the routine performing of ECGs in asymptomatic primary care patients, whether it is for cardiovascular disease risk assessment or atrial fibrillation, cannot be recommended.
A Subannual Subsurface Pathway From the Gulf Stream to the Subpolar Gyre and Its Role in Warming and Salinification in the 1990s
Authors: Jacobs Zoe L. , Grist Jeremy P. , Marsh Robert , Josey Simon A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe transport of warm, saline subtropical water to the subpolar gyre (SPG) in the North Atlantic has been the subject of a range of Lagrangian studies, establishing intergyre exchange on timescales of 2–7 years, with greater subsurface throughflow. Here calculating particle trajectories in a high‐resolution, global hindcast, we present new evidence for a direct, subsurface pathway to the SPG from the Gulf Stream (GS) on subannual timescales. The pathway is most evident for particles initially at 200‐m depth in the GS and is enhanced after a prolonged period of positive North Atlantic Oscillation. This occurred in the mid‐1990s and led to warming and salinification of the western SPG consistent with observations. The more realistic advective pathways and timescales in the high‐resolution model enable, for the first time, attribution of temperature and salinity changes in the SPG to a direct influx of GS water.
Evidence for Late Alluvial Activity in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Grant John A. , Wilson Sharon A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of past habitable conditions in Gale crater is generally associated with lacustrine and alluvial environments present >3 Ga ago, during the Hesperian Period on Mars. However, later‐occurring aqueous activity is consistent with superposition relations between some alluvial deposits and bounding materials on the crater walls, preservation of fine‐scale morphology on these alluvial deposits, and their superposing crater densities. The alluvial deposits include some not previously considered, and collectively lend confidence to the interpretation that local aqueous activity persisted in Gale crater into the Amazonian, or <2 Ga ago. Our conclusions are generally in accordance with late aqueous activity inferred from geochronology data (Martin et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JE005445), in addition to late alluvial activity elsewhere. Interpreted late aqueous activity points to possible habitable settings in Gale later than previously recognized.
Geographical Distribution of Thermometers Gives the Appearance of Lower Historical Global Warming
Authors: Benestad R. E. , Erlandsen H.B. , Mezghani A. , Parding K. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGaps with missing data in the observational temperature record are responsible for an underestimation of the global warming between 1881–1910 and 1986–2015 by 0.1 °C. We found that missing data in the historical observations introduce a warm bias in the early part of the record and a cold bias toward the end. The effect of the nonuniform sampling was explored by comparing the global mean temperature estimated from gridded observations, climate model simulations, and reanalysis. Output from global simulations was subsampled by masking the grid boxes corresponding to those with missing data in the observations to mimic the geographical availability of temperature measurements. A combination of variance depending on region and a varying geographical data sampling over time explains the bias in the global mean. We propose a methodology for estimating the global mean temperature that reduces the effect of the nonuniform variance.