bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid approach for the machinability analysis of Incoloy 825 using the entropy-MOORA method
Authors: Sahu Saurabh Kumar , Shekhar Shiena , Khan Akhtar , Soni Dheeraj Lal , Gangwar Prashant Kumar , Gupta Manish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With its exceptional qualities, Incoloy 825 is highly valued in a range of industries, including nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, the unique combination of these properties presents a formidable challenge when it comes to machining Incoloy 825. Its low heat conductivity, rapid strain hardening, strong chemical affinity, and the presence of hard and abrasive particles in its microstructure all contribute to the difficulty. The objective of this study is to examine important factors related to the machinability of Incoloy 825. To achieve this, a hybrid tool called entropy coupled with MOORA will be used to determine the optimal cutting conditions. In order to achieve this, three specific input parameters were chosen: the spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Meanwhile, the major outcomes taken into account were the cutting force, cutting temperature, material removal rate, roughness of the machined surface, and flank wear. The experiments were conducted using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array, following the principles of experimental design. The findings indicate that the proposed hybrid approach is capable of accurately determining the best combination of parameters for cutting the chosen work material and can be employed in structural applications. For turning Incoloy 825, the optimal parametric setting was determined to be a spindle speed of 1,285 rpm, a feed rate of 0.0625 mm·rev−1, and a depth of cut of 0.3 mm.
First-principles study on the interfacial interactions between h-BN and Si3N4
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Gao Tengchao , Che Xiangming , Li Yanhua , Li Qun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-performance ceramics, especially h-BN-based ceramics, are widely used in the metallurgical field. The interface state of h-BN-based ceramic composites, including chemical reactions, molecular diffusion, and interface structure changes, will greatly affect the properties of composite materials. Herein, taking Si3N4/BN composites as a representative case, their interfacial interactions were investigated by first-principles calculations. First, the structural and electronic properties and elastic modulus of bulk Si3N4 and h-BN were calculated. Then, the interface mismatch relationship and interface models of Si3N4/BN were studied and established. Finally, the interface bond structure of Si3N4/BN was analyzed by charge density and state density calculations. The results showed that the band gap of bulk Si3N4 and h-BN was 4.18 and 4.24 eV, respectively. Besides, bulk h-BN exhibited better compression performance and resistance to deformation than Si3N4 based on elastic modulus calculation. Therefore, h-BN was used as a substrate, and when interface mismatch is 1.3%, good matching and bonding at the interface layer can be obtained. Based on this, two interface models of Si3N4(100)/BN(002) were established, which were named the B-NSi interface and Si-NB interface. The BN/Si3N₄ interface exhibited strong van der Waals interactions, and the charge transfer from Si3N4 to h-BN was observed, which indicate that the weak covalent bond also exists in the BN/Si3N4 interface. The low interface energy indicates that the formed interface is relatively stable, which is beneficial for applications requiring high thermal and mechanical stability. This work provides valuable insights into the interfacial interaction between h-BN and Si3N4 and will give a promising theoretical guidance for designing and optimizing h-BN-based ceramic composites.
Design and simulation of a full-order robust adaptive observer for monitoring of the biogas process
Authors: Tamayo Roman Elmer D. , Ordaz Oliver J. Patricio , López Pérez Pablo A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, state variable re-construction in continuous biodigester was investigated. We proposed a Robust Adaptive Observer to estimate biomass and substrate concentrations based on CO2 and CH4 measurement. The observer in question is a robust and adaptable model-based methodology, designed to accommodate uncertainties in model parameters, process variability, and in-line noisy measurements. The numerical results demonstrated superior performance of the Robust Adaptive Observer over traditional robust, reduced-order observers. Finally, observers were validated through a comparative analysis using Integral Absolute Error, Time-Weighted Absolute Error, and Integral Squared Error metrics. In this context, this study presents a novel alternative for advancing cutting-edge detection technologies and their integration into the monitoring of bioprocesses, aligning with the paradigms of Industry 5.0.
Investigation of the effect of addition of capia pepper spice on the ripening of Turkish white cheese curd produced using cow and sheep milk
Authors: Koçak İlker , Tarakçı Zekai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, five types of white cheese, with one serving as the control sample, were produced. While the control cheese was produced without adding any spices, the others were processed by adding capia pepper at concentrations of 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, and 0.4 % (w/w) relative to the milk used. Then, all cheeses were vacuum-packed and ripened at 6 ± 2 °C for a period of 3 months. Analyses, including measurements of dry matter, fat, pH, titratable acidity, salt, total protein, ripening rate, nonprotein nitrogen rate (NPN), amino nitrogen rate, electrophoretic casein fractions, color properties, and sensory evaluations, were conducted on cheese samples taken at the 3rd, 30th, 60th, and 90th days of ripening. Additionally, it was observed that cheeses with 0.4 % capia pepper added were more favored than the other cheeses. Due to the sensory evaluation made by the panellist, ripened cheeses were more highly appreciated than fresh cheese, but the sheep milk flavor was not consistently cited as the reason for preference. The extra aromatic taste from sheep milk was detected by the panelists and not perceived as irritating. The use of capia pepper in white cheese changed the color and sensory properties, but it was not statistically significant.
Impact of temporal resolution in global ionospheric models on satellite positioning during low and high solar activity years of solar cycle 24
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Zhang Xiaohong , Ren Xiaodong , Rabah Mostafa , Sedeek Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ionosphere, partially ionized by solar radiation, is rich in free electrons and ions, affecting satellite navigation signals by altering their speed and path. This interaction often leads to signal delays of 5–10 m, complicating accurate positioning in satellite-based systems. This paper investigates the influence of global ionospheric models (GIMs) with varying Temporal Resolutions (TR) on satellite positioning accuracy and convergence time under different solar activities, represented by the years 2009 (low solar activity) and 2014 (high solar activity). The study utilizes Global Positioning System (GPS) data from three GIMs: CODG, representing the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) GNSS model with a 2-h TR; bcom, with a 1-h TR; and b5mg, with a 5-min TR. Analysis was conducted using the GNSS Analysis Software for Multi-constellation and Multi-frequency Precise Positioning across 46 international GNSS service stations under single and dual-frequency strategies. The results indicate that precise point positioning convergence time improved by approximately 18 % and 78 % using single and dual frequencies, depending on the GIM applied. Consequently, positioning accuracy after convergence improved by about 16 % and 27 % in the horizontal and up components for ionospheric-constrained single-frequency PPP models and by 68 % and 79 % in the horizontal and up components for dual-frequency PPP models. Furthermore, vertical total electron content analysis at the MARS station revealed significant variations correlating with solar activity, underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate GIMs for accurate GNSS positioning. Future studies, including multi-solar events, are recommended for comprehensive analysis.
Some theoretical foundations for the design and analysis of randomized experiments
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Xinran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neyman’s seminal work in 1923 has been a milestone in statistics over the century, which has motivated many fundamental statistical concepts and methodology. In this review, we delve into Neyman’s groundbreaking contribution and offer technical insights into the design and analysis of randomized experiments. We shall review the basic setup of completely randomized experiments and the classical approaches for inferring the average treatment effects. We shall, in particular, review more efficient design and analysis of randomized experiments by utilizing pretreatment covariates, which move beyond Neyman’s original work without involving any covariate. We then summarize several technical ingredients regarding randomizations and permutations that have been developed over the century, such as permutational central limit theorems and Berry–Esseen bounds, and we elaborate on how these technical results facilitate the understanding of randomized experiments. The discussion is also extended to other randomized experiments including rerandomization, stratified randomized experiments, matched pair experiments, and cluster randomized experiments.
Sustainable and environmentally friendly composites: Development of walnut shell powder-reinforced polypropylene composites for potential automotive applications
Authors: Al-Sarraf Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In order to lessen carbon emissions, preserve natural resources, and enhance the planet’s sustainability for future generations, environmentally friendly and sustainable composites offer a promising solution that combines technological innovation and environmental responsibility. Therefore, the current study focused on the development of walnut shell (WS) powder as a natural reinforcing additive for polypropylene (PP) composites as sustainable materials for potential automotive applications. Different particle sizes (150, 212, and 300) μm and particle content (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) of WS-reinforced PP composites were investigated. This investigation involved two strategies: The first strategy was to determine the best WS size and loading in the PP matrix. The second strategy involved the development of additives by applying dual treatment methods on the WS: alkaline and microwave as chemical and physical treatment at the same time. Under fixation microwave conditions, different NaOH concentrations of 3, 5, and 7% were applied. The extrusion and hot compression processes at fixed operating conditions were used to combine all dosages of WS/PP composites. The mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, and impact for all the composite dosages for the strategies were studied according to ASTM standards D638, D790, and D256, respectively. To confirm the mechanical properties, the influence of treatment techniques on the WS powder and WS/PP composites was also investigated using physicochemical characterization Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the best WS/PP composite was compared with the real automotive part (automobile steering airbag cover [ASAC]) to confirm the mechanical properties of the new WS/PP composites. The results showed that the first strategy obtained a 212 μm, 20 wt% composites that achieved the highest tensile strength, which increased about 1.2 times the tensile strength of the PP matrix. The second strategy showed composite that had treated WS with 7% NaOH (WS7Comp) attained the best mechanical properties throughout other WS/PP composites. In addition, the mechanical properties of the new WS/PP composites were adjusted to the ASAC mechanical properties. Therefore, the improved composites could be a promising alternative material for automotive applications.
Eco-friendly mechanical performance of date palm Khestawi-type fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Abass Raghad U. , Ausama Al-Sarraf Mohammed , Bachtiar Dandi , Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi Bin Mat 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Natural sources used in industry, such as environmental waste fibers for plants, waste paper, and others, can lessen waste-throwing problems and reduce environmental pollution to save lives on the earth’s crust. The natural composites of natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic are undoubtedly to be sustainable and eco-friendly. Therefore, the current work was conducted to study the addition of natural fiber date palm Khestawi-type fiber (DPKF) with different loadings (5, 10, and 15%) into the polypropylene (PP) matrix to prepare DPKF/PP composites. The specimens were prepared by using the lamination method. In addition, the mechanical properties of these composite material specimens were studied by following ASTM, which included tensile, flexural, and impact tests. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze the morphology and the structure crystallite studied of the DPKF/PP composites. The results show that the DPKF/PP composite with 15% fiber content recorded the best tensile strength, tensile modulus, and low tensile strain performance. Moreover, XRD and SEM analysis confirmed the mechanical properties and crystalline nature of the DPKF/PP composites. Finally, the values of the flexural and impact properties increased with increasing fiber loading.
On the topographic bias by harmonic continuation of the geopotential for a spherical sea-level approximation
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Topography is a problem in geoid determination by the Stokes formula, a high degree Earth Gravitational Model (EGM), or for a combination thereof. Herein, we consider this problem in analytical/harmonic downward continuation of the external potential at point P to a geocentric spherical sea level approximation in geoid determination as well as to a sphere through the footpoint at the topography of the normal through P. Decomposing the topographic bias into a Bouguer shell component and a terrain component, we derive these components. It is shown that there is no terrain bias outside a spherical dome of base radius equal to the height H

P
of P above the sphere, and the height of the dome is about 0.4 × H

P
. In the case of dealing with an EGM, utilizing Molodensky truncation coefficients is one way to cope with the bias.
Derivatives in Swedish dictionaries. The case of deverbal nouns in -
ande
Authors: Holmer Louise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article deals with known challenges as well as new ones associated with the lexicographical solutions regarding derivatives in dictionaries. Five of Sweden’s major monolingual dictionaries are being examined with the aim of describing and comparing their derivatives, with special focus on deverbal nouns with the suffix -ande. The research combines morphology, lexicography and metalexicography, aiming at presenting and discussing some of the key areas of lemma inclusion and word formation principles in Swedish monolingual, contemporary dictionaries.
Vocabularius incipiens teutonicum ante latinum
. Konzeption und Geschichte eines deutsch-lateinischen Vokabulars des Spätmittelalters
Authors: Müller Peter O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the Vocabularius incipiens teutonicum ante latinum, an alphabetic vocabulary of the late Middle Ages with a German-Latin structure that served as an aid for acquiring knowledge of Latin. Its printing history extends from around 1481 to 1515. The article locates this vocabulary in the context of late medieval German-Latin lexicography, explains its conception and offers an overview of the printing history and revision strategies.
Phylogenetic position of Leimacomys, an enigmatic African rodent genus, reconsidered in the light of morphological and its first genetic data
Authors: Denys Christiane , Bryjová Anna , Bryja Josef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The family Muridae represents the most diversified clade of rodents. Their remarkable convergent morphology has challenged taxonomists to establish a robust classification. Thanks to molecular phylogenetic analyses, five subfamilies of murid rodents are hereby defined: Lophiomyinae, Deomyinae, Gerbillinae, Leimacomyinae and Murinae. As the single representative of the subfamily Leimacomyinae, Leimacomys buettneri is known only by the first two specimens collected in 1890. It was classified either as belonging to the Dendromurinae (Nesomyidae), or recently placed in its own subfamily Leimacomyinae (Muridae). Here we present the first molecular genetic analysis of the holotype and the paratype of Leimacomys by genomic skimming and assembly of the mitogenomes. It confirms that Leimacomys belongs to the Muridae as a sister to all extant Deomyinae. As a result, we have re-examined the morphology of type specimens and compared them with deomyine taxa as well as Miocene fossil rodents that are considered as murid-like ancestors. This allows us to propose an updated scenario for the origins of the murid lineages. In the light of our novel genetic and morphological data, we propose to keep the subfamily Leimacomyinae, represented by the monotypic Leimacomys, within the family Muridae.
First confirmed record of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis from Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Ahmad , Konečný Adam , Khanalipour Farnaz , Barkshadi Farimah Bashiri , Sayyahi Azadeh , Kryštufek Boris 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Microtus, the most speciose genus in the tribe Arvicolini, inhabits boreal and temperate regions. Despite recent increase in taxonomic research, the precise species diversity of Microtus voles in Iran is still unclear due to insufficient molecular work. This study aimed to identify Microtus species in West Azerbaijan province, near Turkey and Armenia, by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene from 20 vole specimens. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the occurrence of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis in Iran for the first time, which has actually been predicted for the western side of Urmia (West Azerbaijan province) on the basis of habitat modelling. This study enhances the understanding of Microtus diversity in Iran, highlighting the need for comprehensive fieldwork and molecular assessments to accurately delineate rodent species composition in the country.
Study on solutions of the systems of complex product-type PDEs with more general forms in ℂ2
Authors: Li Hong , Luo Zhao Sheng , Xu Hong Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the help of the Nevanlinna theory and the Hadamard factorization theory of meromorphic functions, we mainly give a description of the existence and the forms of the transcendental entire solutions of several product-type complex partial differential equations systems

(

a

1

f

z

1

+

a

2

f

z

2

)

(

a

3

g

z

1

+

a

4

g

z

2

)

=

e

h

1

,

(

a

1

g

z

1

+

a

2

g

z

2

)

(

a

3

f

z

1

+

a

4

f

z

2

)

=

e

h

2

,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}({a}_{1}{f}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{2}{f}_{{z}_{2}})({a}_{3}{g}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{4}{g}_{{z}_{2}})={e}^{{h}_{1}},\\ ({a}_{1}{g}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{2}{g}_{{z}_{2}})({a}_{3}{f}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{4}{f}_{{z}_{2}})={e}^{{h}_{2}},\end{array}\right.

and

(

a

1

f

z

1

+

a

2

g

z

1

)

(

a

3

f

z

2

+

a

4

g

z

2

)

=

e

h

1

,

(

a

1

f

z

2

+

a

2

g

z

2

)

(

a

3

f

z

1

+

a

4

g

z

1

)

=

e

h

2

,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}({a}_{1}{f}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{2}{g}_{{z}_{1}})({a}_{3}{f}_{{z}_{2}}+{a}_{4}{g}_{{z}_{2}})={e}^{{h}_{1}},\\ ({a}_{1}{f}_{{z}_{2}}+{a}_{2}{g}_{{z}_{2}})({a}_{3}{f}_{{z}_{1}}+{a}_{4}{g}_{{z}_{1}})={e}^{{h}_{2}},\end{array}\right.

where

f

z

t

=

∂

f

t

∂

z

t

{f}_{{z}_{t}}=\frac{\partial {f}_{t}}{\partial {z}_{t}}

,

g

z

t

=

∂

g

t

∂

z

t

{g}_{{z}_{t}}=\frac{\partial {g}_{t}}{\partial {z}_{t}}

,

t
=
1
,
2

t=1,2

;

a

j

∈
C
,

j
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

{a}_{j}\in {\mathbb{C}},\hspace{0.33em}j=1,2,3,4

, and

h

1

{h}_{1}

and

h

2

{h}_{2}

are the polynomials in

C

2

{{\mathbb{C}}}^{2}

. More importantly, we list some examples to explain that our results about the forms of solutions of such systems are precise to some extent.
Mathematical modeling and computational analysis of hepatitis B virus transmission using the higher-order Galerkin scheme
Authors: Attaullah  , Boulaaras Salah , Jan Aasim Ullah , Hassan Tahir , Radwan Taha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hepatitis B, a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), poses a significant public health burden. The virus spreads through the exchange of bodily fluids between infected and susceptible individuals. Hepatitis B is a complex health challenge for individuals. In this research, we propose a nonlinear HBV mathematical model comprising seven compartments: susceptible, latent, acutely infected, chronically infected, carrier, recovered, and vaccinated individuals. Our model investigates the dynamics of HBV transmission and the impact of vaccination on disease control. Using the next-generation matrix approach, we derive the basic reproduction number

R

0

{R}_{0}

and determine the disease-free equilibrium points. We establish the global and local stability of the model using the Lyapunov function. The model is numerically solved using the higher-order Galerkin time discretization technique, and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of all physical parameters involved in the proposed nonlinear HBV mathematical model. A comparison was made of the accuracy and dependability with the findings produced using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4) approach. The findings highlight the critical need for vaccination, particularly among the exposed class, to facilitate rapid recovery and mitigate the spread of HBV. The results of this study provide valuable insights for public health policymakers and inform strategies for hepatitis B control and elimination.
Australian wheat and hardwood fibers for advanced packaging materials
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Ximenes Fabiano , Garnier Gil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alternative crop fibers have shown great potential for paper applications, especially packaging. We demonstrate Australian wheat straw processing using a Regmed MD-3000 disc refiner to produce mechanical pulp fibers and assessment by making 60, 120 and 300 g/m2 handsheets. Wheat fibers and spotted gum fibers were then enzymatically sized (hydrophobized) by esterification to reduce the surface spread of water by 51 % and 36 %, respectively. Coffee pods (300 g/m2 equivalent) were manufactured using a thermoformer to demonstrate the versatility of mechanical wheat straw pulp fibers as a sustainable resource for food packaging application.