bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Vulnerability Among US Female Health Care Workers: Potential Impact of a $15-per-Hour Minimum Wage
Authors: Himmelstein Kathryn E. W. , Venkataramani Atheendar S. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To investigate racial/ethnic and gender inequities in the compensation and benefits of US health care workers and assess the potential impact of a $15-per-hour minimum wage on their economic well-being. Methods. Using the 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we compared earnings, insurance coverage, public benefits usage, and occupational distribution of male and female health care workers of different races/ethnicities. We modeled the impact of raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour with different scenarios for labor demand. Results. Of female health care workers, 34.9% of earned less than $15 per hour. Nearly half of Black and Latina female health care workers earned less than $15 per hour, and more than 10% lacked health insurance. A total of 1.7 million female health care workers and their children lived in poverty. Raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour would reduce poverty rates among female health care workers by 27.1% to 50.3%. Conclusions. Many US female health care workers, particularly women of color, suffer economic privation and lack health insurance. Achieving economic, gender, and racial/ethnic justice will require significant changes to the compensation structure of health care.
Police-Related Correlates of Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Footer Katherine H. A. , Park Ju Nyeong , Allen Sean T. , Decker Michele R. , Silberzahn Bradley E. , Huettner Steve , Galai Noya , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To characterize interactions that female sex workers (FSWs) have with the police and explore associations with client-perpetrated violence. Methods. Baseline data were collected April 2016 to January 2017 from 250 FSWs from the Sex Workers and Police Promoting Health in Risky Environments (SAPPHIRE) study based in Baltimore, Maryland. Interviewer-administered questionnaires captured different patrol or enforcement and abusive police encounters, experiences of client-perpetrated violence, and other risk factors, including drug use. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analysis in Stata/SE version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). Results. Of participants, 78% reported lifetime abusive police encounters, 41% reported daily or weekly encounters of any type. In the previous 3 months, 22% experienced client-perpetrated violence. Heroin users (70% of participants) reported more abusive encounters (2.5 vs 1.6; P < .001) and more client-perpetrated violence (26% vs 12%; P = .02) than others. In multivariable analysis, each additional type of abusive interaction was associated with 1.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) increased odds of client-perpetrated violence. For patrol or enforcement encounters, this value was 1.3 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.7). Conclusions. Frequent exposures to abusive police practices appear to contribute to an environment where client-perpetrated violence is regularly experienced. For FSWs who inject drugs, police exposure and client-perpetrated violence appear amplified. Public Health Implications. Structural interventions that address police–FSW interactions will help alleviate police’s negative impact on FSWs’ work environment.
Collecting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Information at Death
Authors: Haas Ann P. , Lane Andrew D. , Blosnich John R. , Butcher Barbara A. , Mortali Maggie G. 
Published: December 2018

Currently, no US jurisdiction or agency routinely or systematically collects information about individuals’ sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) at the time of death. As a result, little is known about causes of death in people having a minority sexual orientation or gender identity. These knowledge gaps have long impeded identification of mortality disparities in sexual and gender minority populations and hampered the development of targeted public health interventions and prevention strategies. We offer observations about the possibilities and challenges of collecting and reporting accurate postmortem SOGI information on the basis of our past four years of working with death investigators, coroners, and medical examiners. This work was located primarily in New York, New York, and has extended from January 2015 to the present. Drawing on our experiences, we make recommendations for future efforts to include SOGI among the standard demographic variables used to characterize individuals at death.
Opioid-Related Outcomes in West Virginia, 2008–2016
Authors: Warfield Sara , Pollini Robin , Stokes Cara M. , Bossarte Rob 
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To examine opioid-related outcomes by using hospitalization and mortality data as an indicator of the current opioid crisis in West Virginia. Methods. We used data from the West Virginia University Medicine health care system to examine the trend in opioid overdoses and percentage of patients with a repeat overdose from 2008 to 2016. We obtained the opioid overdose death rate for the state from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) mortality data for 2008 to 2016. Results. The hospitalization rate for opioid overdoses increased (13%) on average each year in a similar fashion to the opioid overdose death rate for the state (12%) between 2008 and 2016. During the same time, the percentage of patients with a repeat opioid overdose increased annually by 13% on average. Conclusions. There continues to be a surge of opioid overdoses in West Virginia. These findings suggest a need to amplify comprehensive prevention and treatment efforts throughout the state. Public health initiatives to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with overdoses should consider how the changes in potency may be influencing these outcomes.
Soil Organic Carbon, Aggregation, and Microbial Community Structure in Annual and Perennial Biofuel Crops
Authors: McGowan Andrew R. , Nicoloso Rodrigo S. , Diop Habib E. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Rice Charles W. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Removal of corn and sorghum residues did not affect soil carbon under no‐tillage.
Soil carbon (0–15 cm) increased in 10‐yr stands of switchgrass and miscanthus.
Soil carbon increased with root biomass, fungi abundance, and soil aggregate size.
Perennial crops improved soil health while providing feedstock for biofuels.
The substitution of cellulosic biofuel in place of conventional fuels could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. However, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil health during biofuel crop production could have a major impact on the GHG balance of biofuels. We assessed temporal changes (10 yr) in SOC stocks to a 90 cm depth in Cumulic Hapludolls from central Kansas under perennial and annual cropping systems. The perennial crops were miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The annual cropping systems were continuous corn (Zea mays L.), and corn, dual purpose–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sweet sorghum, and photoperiod‐sensitive sorghum (PS) in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. All standing aboveground biomass was removed at harvest of corn, sorghum, and perennial crops. Stocks of SOC increased in the 0–15 cm depth under switchgrass and miscanthus by 0.8 and 1.3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The SOC stocks did not change at the other depths or at any depth in the annual cropping systems nor throughout the soil profile under any crops. Root biomass measured in the seventh year of the study was 3.7 to 7.8 times greater in perennials than in annual crops. Increases on SOC were correlated with greater root biomass, abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizae and saprophytic fungi, and soil aggregate diameter. These results demonstrate the potential for perennial biofuel crops to enhance C sequestration and improve soil quality while providing feedstock for production of cellulosic biofuel.
The Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory: A Scientific Testbed for Understanding Critical Zone Processes in Agroecosystems
Authors: Wilson Christopher G. , Abban Benjamin , Keefer Laura L. , Wacha Kenneth , Dermisis Dimitrios , Giannopoulos Christos , Zhou Shengnan , Goodwell Allison E. , Woo Dong Kook , Yan Qina , Ghadiri Maryam , Stumpf Andrew , Pitcel Michelle , Lin Yu-Feng , Marini Luigi , Storsved Brynne , Goff Kathleen , Vogelgsang Jason , Dere Ashlee , Schilling Keith E. , Muste Marian , Blair Neal E. , Rhoads Bruce , Bettis Art , Pai Henry , Kratt Chris , Sladek Chris , Wing Michael , Selker John , Tyler Scott , Lin Henry , Kumar Praveen , Papanicolaou A.N. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
IML‐CZO is structured to study system responses through event‐based monitoring.
Management legacy has shaped critical zone processes.
Management and weather affect landscape heterogeneity and surface–subsurface pathways.
In intensively managed landscapes, interactions between surface (tillage) and subsurface (tile drainage) management with prevailing climate/weather alter landscape characteristics, transport pathways, and transformation rates of surface/subsurface water, soil/sediment, and particulate/dissolved nutrients. To capture the high spatial and temporal variability of constituent transport and residence times in the critical zone (between the bedrock and canopy) of these altered landscapes, both storm event and continuous measurements are needed. The Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory (IML‐CZO) is comprised of three highly characterized, well instrumented, and representative watersheds (i.e., Clear Creek, Iowa; Upper Sangamon River, Illinois; and Minnesota River, Minnesota). It is organized to quantify the heterogeneity in structure and dynamic response of critical zone processes to human activities in the context of the glacial and management (anthropogenic) legacies. Observations of water, sediment, and nutrients are made at nested points of the landscape in the vertical and lateral directions during and between storm events (i.e., continuously). The measurements and corresponding observational strategy are organized as follows. First, reference measurements from surface soil and deep core extractions, geophysical surveys, lidar, and hyperspectral data, which are common across all Critical Zone Observatories, are available. The reference measurements include continuous quantification of energy, water, solutes, and sediment fluxes. The reference measurements are complemented with event‐based measurements unique to IML‐CZO. These measurements include water table fluctuations, enrichment ratios, and roughness as well as bank erosion, hysteresis, sediment sources, and lake/floodplain sedimentation. The coupling of reference and event‐based measurements support testing of the central hypothesis (i.e., system shifts from transformer to transporter in IML‐CZO due to the interplay between management and weather/climate). Data collected since 2014 are available through a data repository and through the Geodashboard interface, which can be used for process‐based model simulations.
Advancing Soil Physics for Securing Food, Water, Soil and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Shang Jianying , Zhu Qing , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Contributions are mainly from the 2017 International Soil Physics Workshop in China.
Soils are fundamental in supplying food, energy, water (FEW), and ecosystem services.
Interdisciplinary (convergence) approaches are needed to address FEW challenges.
Soils are foundational to sustaining the food, energy, and water (FEW) systems and provide many essential ecosystem services. Soil degradation is a major threat to food security in China and elsewhere in the world. It is critical to advance soil science to improve the FEW systems so that FEW supplies can be provided to human populations in a sustainable and resilient manner. To do so, we must understand interactions among soil physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as the role, function, and contribution of soil physical processes to delivering FEW supplies and ecosystem services. Soil processes and crop production are strongly controlled by physical processes such as soil water flow, aggregate stability, compaction, heat regime, irrigation and drainage, soil aeration, etc. Recognizing the importance of soil physics to the nexus of FEW systems, the collection in this special section mainly includes research presented at the International Workshop of Soil Physics and the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water held on 3–5 Aug. 2017 at Shenyang, China. This special section covers diverse topics including fundamental soil physical properties and water flow, land use and agricultural management, soil organic carbon management, soil physical modeling, and transport of emerging contaminants. More future research using interdisciplinary (nexus or convergence) approaches should be undertaken to address challenges in many contemporary and emerging FEW issues.
Association of SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms and Atorvastatin Safety and Efficacy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Du Yaming , Wang Sizheng , Chen Zhangyong , Sun Shusen , Zhao Zhigang , Li Xingang 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Atorvastatin is the best-selling statin in the market. However, some patients have to
reduce drug doses or discontinue atorvastatin therapy mainly due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Genetic
factors play an important role in the occurrence of ADRs.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the association between SLCO1B1 polymorphisms (c.521T>C or
c.388A>G) and atorvastatin safety and efficacy.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase to screen relevant studies published
before Sep 2018. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the relationship between SLCO1B1 c.521T>C or
c.388A>G polymorphisms and atorvastatin-related ADRs by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals
(CIs). The relationship of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and lipid-lowering effects [low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)] was assessed in pooled data by calculating the mean difference (MD) with
95% CIs. All statistical tests were performed by the Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:
A total of 13 studies involving 1,550 atorvastatin users were included in this analysis. There was a significant
association between the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism and atorvastatin-related ADRs associated
with risk allele C (dominant model: OR=1.57, P=0.01). Allele C is associated with increased lipid-lowering efficacy
in people with Hyperlipidemias as compared to allele T (LDL-C/dominant model: MD=6.19, P<0.00001 and
(TC)/dominant model: MD=2.07, P=0.008). No association between the SLCO1B1 c.388A>G polymorphism and
ADRs or efficacy was observed (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism is a valuable biomarker for the evaluation of atorvastatin safety
and efficacy.
An Approach of Anomaly Detection and Neural Network Classifiers to Measure Cellulolytic Activity
Authors: Barbosa-Santillán Luis Francisco , de los Angeles Calixto-Romo María , Sánchez-Escobar Juan Jaime , Barbosa-Santillán Liliana Ibeth 
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective:
A common method used for massive detection of cellulolytic
microorganisms is based on the formation of halos on solid medium. However, this is a subjective
method and real-time monitoring is not possible. The objective of this work was to develop a method
of computational analysis of the visual patterns created by cellulolytic activity through artificial
neural networks description.

Materials and Methods:
Our method learns by an adaptive prediction model and automatically
determines when enzymatic activity on a chromogenic indicator such as the hydrolysis halo occurs.
To achieve this goal, we generated a data library with absorbance readings and RGB values of
enzymatic hydrolysis, obtained by spectrophotometry and a prototype camera-based equipment
(Enzyme Vision), respectively. We used the first part of the library to generate a linear regression
model, which was able to predict theoretical absorbances using the RGB color patterns, which
agreed with values obtained by spectrophotometry. The second part was used to train, validate, and
test the neural network model in order to predict cellulolytic activity based on color patterns.

Results:
As a result of our model, we were able to establish six new descriptors useful for the
prediction of the temporal changes in the enzymatic activity. Finally, our model was evaluated on
one halo from cellulolytic microorganisms, achieving the regional classification of the generated
halo in three of the six classes learned by our model.

Conclusion:
We assume that our approach can be a viable alternative for high throughput screening
of enzymatic activity in real time.
Абсолютная неустойчивость ГЦК-решетки кристаллов инертных газов под давлением
Authors: Троицкая Е.П. , Пилипенко Е.А. , Горбенко Е.Е. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOn the basis of ab initio calculations of the phonon frequencies of compressed rare-gas crystals in the model of deformable and polarizable atoms, dynamic instability of the fcc lattice of these crystals is studied. In addition to the earlier-considered three-body interaction, which is associated with the overlapping of the electron shells of atoms, the short-range potential includes three-body forces caused by the mutual deformation of the electron shells of neighboring atoms. It is shown that the allowance for the deformation of the dipole-type electron shells of atoms in the pair and three-body approximations leads to softening of the critical vibrations and absolute instability of the fcc lattice at pressures higher than the critical values, p > p _ c . For light crystals of Ne and Ar under compressions of 0.76 ( p _ c = 422 GPa) and 0.71 ( p _ c = 405 GPa), respectively, the softening of the longitudinal mode is observed at the boundary of the Brillouin zone at the point L ; for heavy crystals of Kr and Xe under compressions of 0.686 ( p _ c = 240 GPa) and 0.605 ( p _ c = 88 GPa), the transverse mode T _1 is softened in the direction Σ. The behavior of second-order Fuchs elastic moduli of compressed rare-gas crystals is discussed.
Возможности магнитного псевдорезонанса в изучении тонких ферромагнитных пленок с одноосной магнитной анизотропией
Authors: Демидов В.В. , Мефёд А.Е. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPossibilities of magnetic pseudoresonance (a non-resonance peak of magnetic susceptibility) were studied and compared with the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in measuring the parameters of thin ferromagnetic films with in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The measurements were conducted with two characteristic samples of ferromagnetic films showing this effect. A Q -meter operating at a frequency near 300 MHz (for pseudoresonance) and a standard X -band magnetic resonance spectrometer (for FMR) were used. The Q -meter working at 300 MHz was shown to detect reliably the magnetic pseudoresonance in both epitaxial and polycrystalline films. It was found that the accuracy of determination of the magnetic anisotropy field and orientation of the easy magnetization axis provided by the pseudoresonance method is as good as with FMR, and in some cases the pseudoresonance method gives additional information.
Тягово-энергетические характеристики плазменных актуаторов при различных давлениях
Authors: Бочарников В.М. , Трифанов И.В. , Голуб В.В. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe have studied the pressure dependences of the long thrust and specific power thrust of synthetic jets generated by dielectric barrier discharge of a symmetric actuator at reduced pressures. Decreasing pressure leads to increase in the length of the plasma sheet. The thrust of synthetic jets reaches a maximum at a certain pressure dependent on the actuator geometry.
Эффект обратной релаксации и структура пористых электродов суперконденсаторов
Authors: Компан М.Е. , Малышкин В.Г. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of voltage self-recovery in supercapacitors of various types has been studied. It has been established that parameters of this process are related to characteristics of the porous structure of capacitor electrodes. An approach is proposed that allows the fraction of capacitance active in the pulsed process of given duration to be determined in experiment.
Transparency in Commodity-Rich Countries: Is State Ownership to Blame?
Authors: Valenza Domenico 
Published: December 2018

Since the late 1990s, transparency has emerged as a major governance pillar helping resource-rich countries improve their performance and escape the resource curse. Within this debate, a few scholars have pointed to the correlation between ownership structure and transparency, and have argued that under state ownership, transparency should not be expected, as government officials refrain from strengthening institutions to retain their discretionary power.
This study attempts to challenge scholarly existing knowledge by comparing transparency performances in two resource-rich countries with similar ownership structures, Norway and Russia. To this end, it analyses data from the Revenue Governance Index (2017). Overall, such a correlation is not confirmed. While in some cases, state ownership can in fact generate greater opacity, the example of Norway confirms that retaining control can also enhance transparency. As a result, it is suggested to look attentively at the features of state ownership, and in particular, at countries’ institutional quality.
Sistema de Ensino Naval: uma experiência na pratica do ensino por competências
Authors: Mendonca Luiza De Sousa Ferreira de , Aguiar Natalia Morais Correa Borges , Dopcke Rosa Neira 
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo aborda a experiencia do Curso de Formação de Marinheiros (MN) na Marinha do Brasil na concepcao de Curriculo por competencias. Tem como objetivo apresentar a metodologia de mapeamento das competencias e dos perfis profissionais sistematizados pelo itinerario formativo atinente à profissao do MN, para o exercicio de tarefas, atividades e funcoes da Forca. Para acompanhar esse processo de formação, foi adotado um calendario unificado de atividades nas quatro Escolas de Aprendizes-Marinheiros (EAM) e desenvolvida uma sistematica de avaliação que possibilite avaliar as competencias delineadas no curriculo por meio de provas padronizadas. Serao apresentados os resultados do desempenho academico dos alunos das quatro EAM e analisados, comparativamente, em relação ao desempenho da turma do ano anterior, indicando uma melhora do desempenho dos alunos e a evolução qualitativa da turma de 2017, apos implementadas acoes em busca de uma formação continua e progressiva.
A presença da narrativa na instalação Ten Characters de Ilya Kabakov
Authors: Baschirotto Viviane 
Published: December 2018

O texto estabelece relações entre a instalação Ten Characters do artista Ilya Kabakov (1933) com o conceito de narrador pensado por Walter Benjamin. Pensa sobre quais elementos envolvem a narrativa na obra de Ilya Kabakov, abordando o trabalho sob aspectos que envolvem uma narrativa que perpassa pela experiência de si e do outro, que é muitas vezes a fonte do narrador. Reflete também sobre o recurso da narrativa na criação dos personagens do artista.