bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plk1-Mediated Phosphorylation of TSC1 Enhances the Efficacy of Rapamycin
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Kong Yifan , Song Longzhen , Luo Qian , Liu Jinghui , Shao Chen , Hou Xianzeng , Liu Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The AKT/TSC/mTOR axis is an important pathway controlling cell growth, survival, and proliferation in response to extracellular cues. Recently, it was reported that AKT activity fluctuates across the cell cycle. However, it remains unclear whether downstream targets of AKT are also regulated by the cell cycle. Here, we report that mTORC1 activity inversely correlates with AKT activity during the cell cycle. Mechanistically, Plk1 phosphorylation of TSC1 at S467 and S578 interfered with TSC1/TSC2 binding, destabilized TSC1, promoted dissociation of the TSC complex from the lysosome, and eventually led to mTORC1 activation. Tumors derived from cancer cells expressing the TSC1-S467E/S578E mutant exhibited greater sensitivity to rapamycin than those expressing WT TSC1. Collectively, our data support a model in which Plk1, instead of AKT, regulates the TSC/mTORC1 pathway during mitosis, eventually regulating the efficacy of rapamycin.
Significance: This seminal report shows that activation of mTORC1 can be independent of AKT during mitosis. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2864–75. ©2018 AACR.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Momordica charantia Extract in the Prevention of Oral Cancer
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In recent times, bitter melon extract (BME) has gained significant attention for its anticancer efficacy against various malignancies. In this issue, Sur and colleagues show that BME prevents the development of 4-nitronitroquinoline 1-oxide–induced oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an immunocompetent mouse model. Importantly, gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed an elevated expression of s100a9, IL23a, IL1β, and PDCD1/PD1 of immune system during oral cancer development, which was significantly suppressed by BME. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential clinical benefits of BME in preventing and delaying the progression of oral dysplasia to SCC. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 185–6. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Sur et al., p. 191
“May Her Breasts Satisfy You at All Times” (Prov 5:19)
Authors: Schellenberg Annette 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPointing to erotic passages in some of the wisdom books, a growing number of scholars argue that the Song of Songs is sapiential. As an alternative explanation for the similarities between the Song and Proverbs 1-9 and Sirach, this article argues that verses like Prov 5:19 might have originated as a critical reaction to the Song’s eroticism. Beyond explaining the erotic passages in Proverbs and Sirach, this thesis is significant in that it implies that the authors of Proverbs and Sirach still understood the Song “literally” rather than allegorically, as did later interpreters.
Grendizer Leaves for Sweden
Authors: Al-Ghazzi Omar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Exploring the post-March 2011 Syrian online sphere, in this article I focus on nostalgic videos and memes inspired by Arabic-dubbed Japanese anime series originally broadcast on Arab government TV stations in the 1980s. As part of a dissident social media culture, amateur videos that redubbed and edited childhood cartoons have appeared on YouTube since 2011—tackling themes of revolution, war and exile. These videos defied and mocked the Al-Assad regime, as well as the Islamic State. I argue that they are to be understood as empowering media practices for how they project political meaning onto childhood cartoons which are associated with a generational identity shared by now-adult Syrians. Highlighting an understudied aspect of media globalization—the influence of Japanese anime on Arab popular culture—in this article I examine a diverse body of social media clips and memes that recycle Japanese anime. I analyze their re-appropriation by Syrians, by offering a typology of nostalgic online practices in the contexts of war and the uprising. These can be summed up in three categories of nostalgic mediation: nostalgic defiance, as expressed in calls for political action; nostalgic mockery, as reflected in subversive nostalgic humor targeting authority; and nostalgic anguish, in reaction to the trauma of war and exile, for example, in relation to the Syrian refugee crisis.
Daily Weather Types in February–June (1979–2016) and Temperature Variations in Tropical North Africa
Authors: Moron Vincent , Oueslati Boutheina , Pohl Benjamin , Janicot Serge 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study investigates to what extent weather types (WTs) computed over tropical North Africa and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean (40°W–40°E, 0°–30°N) are relevant for documenting intraseasonal and interannual temperature variability in tropical North Africa (west of 37°E, 2°–27°N). Nine WTs are extracted by using clustering analysis of the daily anomalies of sea level pressure and low-level 925-hPa winds from two reanalyses (NCEP–DOE and ERA-Interim) from 1979 to 2016. The analyses are carried out separately for February–March and for April–June, when temperatures reach their annual peak across most of the region. The WT patterns mix the effects of different multiscale phenomena, including the extratropical Rossby waves that travel on the northern edge of the domain (and are partly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation), the Madden–Julian oscillation, and Kelvin waves in the subequatorial zone. For each WT, warm (cold) minimum (TN) and maximum (TX) daily temperature anomalies tend to be systematically located east of cyclonic (anticyclonic) low-level circulation anomalies associated with the WT patterns. By modulating the greenhouse effect, the water vapor anomalies exert a major influence, leading to warm (cold) TX and TN anomalies associated with moister (drier) air, through advection from the tropical Atlantic or equatorial latitudes (the Sahara or northern latitudes) toward tropical North Africa. WTs are also useful for monitoring interannual variability of TX/TN anomalies mostly north of 10°N in February–March, even if they greatly underestimate the long-term warming trend. Most WTs significantly raise or lower the probability of regional-scale heat peaks, defined as the crossing of the 90th percentile of daily TX or TN.
Atmospheric Dynamics and Ozone Cycle during Sea Breeze in a Mediterranean Complex Urbanized Coastal Site
Authors: Finardi Sandro , Agrillo Giuseppe , Baraldi Rita , Calori Giuseppe , Carlucci Pantaleone , Ciccioli Paolo , D’Allura Alessio , Gasbarra Daniele , Gioli Beniamino , Magliulo Vincenzo , Radice Paola , Toscano Piero , Zaldei Alessandro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPersistent high pressure conditions over the Mediterranean Basin favor the occurrence of sea breezes that can lead to ozone transport through complex recirculation patterns. These features were investigated during an ozone episode with hourly concentrations exceeding 200 μg m−3 that occurred on July 2015 in Naples (Italy), one of the largest and densest conurbations in the Mediterranean region. Aircraft measurements were taken at heights from 150 to 1500 m AGL and compared and integrated with high-resolution meteorological and air quality model simulations to investigate local circulation and pollutants dynamics. The integration of airborne measurements, surface observations, and modeling established a framework to assess the photochemical phenomena in the area. Sea breezes and local emissions triggered ozone production at inland areas, causing high concentrations between the coast and the Apennine chain. Ozone was then injected into the upper boundary layer and transported toward the sea by the wind rotation occurring above 500 m AGL, causing a complex vertical layering of concentrations, with maxima between 500 and 800 m AGL. Vertical growth of the ozone concentration profile was also caused by the decrease of the boundary layer depth occurring when the breeze front reached the inland area carrying NOx-rich air from the densely populated coast and favoring titration near the surface. Although the whole airshed was a net ozone producer, local surface concentrations were determined by a complex interaction of atmospheric flow and chemistry at different scales, supporting the need for coordinated efforts to control smog precursors over wide areas.
A Novel Approach to Identifying the Spinal Accessory Nerve in Surgical Neck Dissection
Authors: Eastwood Michael James , George Ajith Paulose 
Published: March 2018

Intraoperative identification of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) is key in reducing nerve injury. This study aims to explore the surgical anatomy of the SAN and 2 landmarks for its identification—the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery (SBOA) and superior sternocleidomastoid tendon (SST)—to propose a novel method of identifying the SAN during surgical neck dissections. Twelve cadavers underwent bilateral level II‐V neck dissection identifying the SAN, SBOA, and SST. Variation was documented and distance between landmarks and the SAN measured. The most common arrangement had the SST most superficially followed by the SBOA and then the SAN. The SAN was 3.63 ± 4.02 mm from the artery and 2.31 ± 1.72 mm from the tendon. A triangle—bordered by the tendon laterally, artery medially, and digastric muscle superiorly—contained the SAN in 95.8% of cases. This relationship translated into a reliable technique to identify the SAN intraoperatively, which has been used successfully in practice.
Policy Lessons for Inclusion from the Fate of the CCE Within the Performativity Culture in Education
Authors: Juneja Nalini 
Published: March 2018

Executive Summary This article uses the fate of the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)—a process of classroom transaction mandated by the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009 as a case to illustrate the point that altering policy alone is insufficient to effect change and inclusion. The existing paradigm, in this case, the culture of performativity in education, through its obeisance to marks, grades, and detention as indicators of learning and merit, feeds off and in turn sustains beliefs in the role of education in maintaining the social status quo. The provisions of the RTE Act 2009 were built to work together as an organic unit to support the well acknowledged principle that knowledge cannot simply be transferred from teacher to pupil. Using this principle known as constructivism, which also underlies Argyris’s single-loop learning, each child constructs her own understanding and learning. The teacher acts as a facilitator by continuously observing and assessing what the child has understood, and on this basis proceeding to clarify or add information. This process of continuous comprehensive evaluation was mandated in the RTE to enhance both learning and inclusion. Academic authorities under the RTE Act were notified by the central and state governments for prescription of curriculum and evaluation procedures in conformity with the framework of the NCF 2005. However, as this article shows, it was found that instead of the intended CCE based on the NCF 2005, another procedure, also incidentally named CCE, was being implemented. This CCE process with a system of assessment that was internal to the school had been developed (at short notice) for the secondary stage to replace the 10th class board examinations of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The manner in which policy implementation can go astray has been demonstrated in this article as it attempts to describe and explain the appeal of this CCE, which came neither from the authorized academic authority nor was appropriate for the stage at which it came to be widely adopted. The article dwells on the policy actors, their motivations and interests, and this all too hasty application of CCE which predictably failed to enhance learning at the developmental stage at which it was applied. The ricocheting effects of this misapplication have led to the RTE Act being placed in Parliament to allow the state to bring back the pass–fail system, and the culture of performativity and exclusion at the elementary stage that the RTE Act had aimed at eradicating. In conclusion, this article returns to implications of this case for any cultural change in public policy without first changing the social norms that sustain such policies of exclusion.
‘Palliative sedation’? A retrospective cohort study on the use and labelling of continuously administered sedatives on a palliative care unit
Authors: Schildmann Eva , Pörnbacher Sebastian , Kalies Helen , Bausewein Claudia 
Published: March 2018

Background: Sedatives are frequently used towards the end of life. However, there is scarce information when their use is labelled as ‘palliative sedation’. Aim: To assess the use and labelling of ‘continuous administration of sedatives within the last 7 days of life’, based on objective operational criteria, on a palliative care unit. Design: Retrospective cohort study, using medical records. Explorative statistical analysis (SPSS 23). Setting/participants: Patients who died on a palliative care unit from August 2014 to July 2015. Sedatives recorded were benzodiazepines, levomepromazine, haloperidol ⩾5 mg/day and propofol. Results: Of the 192 patients, 149 (78%) patients received continuous sedatives within the last week of life. The prevalence of delirium/agitation was significantly higher in patients with continuous sedatives compared to those without continuous sedatives at admission to the unit (35% vs 16%, p = 0.02) and on the day before death (58% vs 40%, p = 0.04). The term ‘(palliative) sedation’ was used in the records for 22 of 149 (15%) patients with continuous sedatives. These patients had significantly higher total daily midazolam doses 2 days before death (median (range), 15.0 (6.0–185.0) mg vs 11.5 (1.0–70.0) mg, p = 0.04) and on the day of death (median (range), 19.5 (7.5–240.0) mg vs 12.5 (2.0–65.0) mg, p = 0.01). The dose range was large in both groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of delirium/agitation was associated with the administration of continuous sedatives. There was no consistent pattern regarding labelling the use of continuous sedatives as ‘(palliative) sedation’. Multicentre mixed-methods research is needed for a better characterization of sedation practices in palliative care.
Role of quantitative analysis of T2 relaxation time in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions
Authors: Liu Li , Yin Bo , Shek Kawai , Geng Daoying , Lu Yiping , Wen Jianbo , Kuai Xinping , Peng Weijun 
Published: March 2018

Objective To investigate the role of quantitative analysis of T2 relaxation time in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods The study enrolled patients with clinical breast masses who were examined using MRI at eight different echo times. The differences in T2 relaxation time of benign and malignant breast lesions were analysed. Results A total of 67 patients (67 breast lesions: 46 malignant, 21 benign) were examined. The mean ± SD T2 relaxation time was significantly lower in the 46 malignant lesions compared with the 21 benign lesions (82.69 ± 15.37 ms versus 95.48 ± 26.51 ms, respectively). The area under the curve was 0.731. Using 79.52 ms as the cut-off between benign and malignant breast lesions, a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 58.7% were obtained. Conclusions There was a significant difference in T2 relaxation time between benign and malignant breast lesions. The specificity of using T2 relaxation time alone for the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions was not high, but it could constitute a new adjunct in the MRI diagnosis of breast cancer.
Immediate Removal From Activity After Sport-Related Concussion Is Associated With Shorter Clinical Recovery and Less Severe Symptoms in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Asken Breton M. , Bauer Russell M. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , McCrea Michael A. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Giza Christopher C. , Snyder Aliyah R. , Houck Zachary M. , Kontos Anthony P. , McAllister Thomas W. , Broglio Steven P. , Clugston James R. ,   the CARE Consortium Investigators, Anderson Scott , Bazarian Jeff , Brooks Alison , Buckley Thomas , Chrisman Sara , Collins Michael , DiFiori John , Duma Stefan , Dykhuizen Brian , Eckner James T. , Feigenbaum Luis , Hoy April , Kelly Louise , Langford T. Dianne , Lintner Laura , McGinty Gerald , Mihalik Jason , Miles Christopher , Ortega Justus , Port Nicholas , Putukian Margot , Rowson Steve , Svoboda Steven 
Published: March 2018

Background: Timely removal from activity after concussion symptoms remains problematic despite heightened awareness. Previous studies indicated potential adverse effects of continuing to participate in physical activity immediately after sustaining a concussion. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to determine the effect of timing of removal from play after concussion on clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that immediate removal from activity after sport-related concussion (SRC) would be associated with less time missed from sport, a shorter symptomatic period, and better outcomes on acute clinical measures. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were reported from the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Department of Defense Grand Alliance: Concussion Awareness, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium. Participants with 506 diagnosed SRCs from 18 sports and 25 institutions and military service academies were analyzed and classified as either immediate removal from activity (I-RFA) or delayed removal from activity (D-RFA). Outcomes of interest included time missed from sport attributed to their SRC, symptom duration, and clinical assessment scores. Results: There were 322 participants (63.6%) characterized as D-RFA. I-RFA status was associated with significantly less time missed from sport ( R2 change = .022-.024, P < .001 to P = .001) and shorter symptom duration ( R2 change = .044-.046, P < .001 [all imputations]) while controlling for other SRC recovery modifiers. These athletes missed approximately 3 fewer days from sport participation. I-RFA athletes had significantly less severe acute SRC symptoms and were at lower risk of recovery taking ≥14 days (relative risk = .614, P < .001, small-medium effect size) and ≥21 days (relative risk = .534, P = .010, small effect size). Conclusion: I-RFA is a protective factor associated with less severe acute symptoms and shorter recovery after SRC. Conveying this message to athletes, coaches, and others involved in the care of athletes may promote timely injury reporting.
What Is the Appropriate Reference for Evaluating the Recovery of Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair? The Occupation Ratio of the Supraspinatus May Change After Rotator Cuff Repair Without Volumetric Improvement
Authors: Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Shitara Hitoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Hamano Noritaka , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Shimoyama Daisuke , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Osawa Toshihisa , Tsushima Yoshito , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: March 2018

Background: Supraspinatus muscle atrophy is typically assessed by the occupation ratio of the cross-sectional area of the muscle belly to the supraspinatus fossa at the medial border of the coracoid process in a slice along the oblique-sagittal plane on MRI. Previous studies have shown that the occupation ratio of the supraspinatus changed soon after rotator cuff repair compared with before surgery. However, no studies have examined the perioperative change in the muscle volume assessed with 3-dimensional measurement. Purpose: To compare the volume of the supraspinatus muscle before and soon after surgery by using 3-dimensional imaging and to elucidate whether the changes in the occupation ratio represent corresponding changes in the muscle volume. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Thirty shoulders of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were evaluated. T2-weighted images were obtained before surgery and 2 weeks after surgery. After the muscle and its tendon borders were plotted, the supraspinatus and its tendon were segmented with interactive thresholding in all slices. The 3-dimensional images were then reconstructed and the volumes calculated. Changes in the muscle volume and the occupation ratio were evaluated via 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional image assessments. The 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional findings before and after surgery were compared by use of paired t tests. Results: The mean muscle volume did not change significantly at a time point soon after surgery in any group. In patients with little medial retraction (n = 7) or isolated detachment at the superior facet (n = 17), no significant differences were noted in the occupation ratio after surgery compared with before surgery. In contrast, in patients with moderate medial retraction (n = 23) or extended tearing in the transverse direction (n = 13), the occupation ratio increased significantly. Conclusion: Although the muscle volume did not change soon after surgery compared with the preoperative values, in patients with moderate medial retraction or extended tearing in the transverse direction, the occupation ratio increased, probably due to lateral traction of the supraspinatus muscle. We recommend that MRI findings obtained soon after surgery be used as the time-zero reference for evaluating the postoperative changes in the supraspinatus.