bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically Controlled Smart Window for Seasonally Adaptive Thermal Management in Buildings
Authors: Feng Kai , Ma Yanfei , Zhang Lina , Liu Yubo , Liu Yizhe , Xing Zhencai , Pei Xiaowei , Wu Yang , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmart windows offer a sustainable solution for energy‐efficient buildings by adapting to various weather conditions. However, the challenge lies in achieving precise control over specific sunlight bands to effectively respond to complex weather changes and individual needs. Herein, a novel electrochromic smart window fabricated by integrating a self‐assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) layer with an electrochromic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) layer is reported, which exhibits high near‐infrared transmittance, low solar reflectivity (26%), and infrared emissivity (20%) in winter, and low near‐infrared transmittance, high solar reflectivity (91%), and infrared emissivity (≈94%) in summer. Interestingly, the material offers dynamic temperature control based on its photothermal properties, maintaining the internal temperature of buildings within a comfortable range of 20–25 °C from morning to night, particularly in winter with significant daily temperature fluctuations. Simulations show that the CNC‐PED device demonstrates excellent energy‐saving and CO2 emission reduction capacities across various global climate zones. This study presents a feasible pathway for constructing season‐adaptive smart windows, making them suitable for energy‐efficient buildings.
Stereo‐Hindrance Induced Conformal Self‐Assembled Monolayer for High Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Ziru , Cui Meijie , Dong Bitao , Zhang Yueshuai , Ran Yanbiao , Qi Guangyu , Yang Yingguo , Edvinsson Tomas , Hagfeldt Anders , Jiang Long , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei , Liu Yuhang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are employed as hole‐selective contacts in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and have achieved record power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 26%. However, the tendency of extensively employed SAM [2‐(3,6‐Dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid to aggregate leads to its uneven coverage to the transparent conducting oxide substrate, which subsequently compromises the photovoltaic performance. Herein, a novel tert‐butyl functionalized phosphonic acid carbazole SAM is developed, i.e., (4‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (tBu‐4PACz), and introduced to a mixed SAM system as the hole‐extraction layer in inverted PSCs. The stereo‐hindrance of the bulky tert‐butyl group prevents undesired aggregation and leads to better conformality, which facilitates more efficient hole‐extraction and suppresses interfacial recombination losses. The tBu‐4PACz SAM‐based inverted PSC has achieved record level PCE of 26.25% (26.21%, certificated) with outstanding fill factors over 86%. Moreover, the mixed SAM based inverted PSC devices maintained over 94.7% of their initial efficiency after 500 h continuous maximum power‐point tracking under simulation 1‐sun irradiation.
Nanoparticles in Subunit Vaccines: Immunological Foundations, Categories, and Applications
Authors: Liang Jiale , Yao Lan , Liu Zhiqiang , Chen Ye , Lin Yunfeng , Tian Taoran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubunit vaccines, significant in next‐generation vaccine development, offer precise targeting of immune responses by focusing on specific antigens. However, this precision often comes at the cost of eliciting strong and durable immunity, posing a great challenge to vaccine design. To address this limitation, recent advancements in nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized to enhance antigen delivery efficiency and boost vaccine efficacy. This review examines how the physicochemical properties of NPs influence various stages of the immune response during vaccine delivery and analyzes how different NP types contribute to immune activation and enhance vaccine performance. It then explores the unique characteristics and immune activation mechanisms of these NPs, along with their recent advancements, and highlights their application in subunit vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancer. Finally, it discusses the challenges in NP‐based vaccine development and proposes future directions for innovation in this promising field.
Tailoring the d‑Band Center of High‐Entropy Perovskite Oxide Nanotubes for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Cun , Xu Zhen , Hai Guangtong , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Pao Chih‐Wen , Li Hanjun , Jiang Kezhu , Zhang Nan , Liu Tianxi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy perovskite oxides exhibit promising application prospects in the field of electrocatalysis, owing to their flexible elemental composition, plentiful active sites, and superior structural stability. Herein, high‐entropy perovskite oxide nanotubes are prepared with La, Nd, Pr, Er, Eu at A‐site by electrospinning as efficient electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). Electrochemical tests demonstrate that LaNd0.25Pr0.25Er0.25Eu0.25CuO4 nanotubes (LNPEEC NTs) display outstanding NO3RR performance, achieving a NH3 Faraday efficiency (FENH3) of 100% at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a yield rateNH3 of 1378 µg h−1 mg−1cat. at −1.0 VRHE, outperforming Nd2CuO4 nanotubes (NC NTs). Furthermore, LNPEEC NTs also exhibit excellent stability even after 10 cycles at −0.7 VRHE and −1.0 VRHE. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that multi‐component regulation of A‐site optimizes the coordination environment of Cu at B‐site, increasing the unsaturated Cu sites and thus providing more active sites. Additionally, density functional theory calculations reveal that the doping of multi‐component rare‐earth elements at A‐site in LNPEEC NTs modulates the d‐band center of Cu at B‐site and reduces the reaction energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, thus enhancing the adsorption of NO3− and promoting the NO3RR performance.
From Backlogs to Bots: Generative AI's Impact on Agile Role Evolution
Authors: Diebold Philipp 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis position paper investigates the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on Agile roles. Focusing on the product owner, developer, and scrum master, we analyze how GenAI redefines traditional tasks, encouraging a shift towards more strategic and creative functions. Through practical experience, we illustrate AI's role in enhancing Agile processes, its practices and emphasize the need for Agile practitioners to integrate AI understanding. These results highlight the balance between GenAI's efficiencies and Agile's human‐centric principles, proposing research directions for AI‐enriched Agile practices that promise to drive innovation and maintain the agility in a technologically progressive era.
Estimating average treatment effects with only discrete covariates
Authors: Gu Jingping , Jansen Dennis W. , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a kernel smoothing method to estimate average treatment effects (ATE) when covariates are all discrete variables. This approach is based on Ouyang et al. (2009), who developed a Econometric Theory, 2009;25: 1–42 who developed least squares cross‐validation (CV) kernel smoothing method dealing with discrete covariates. This method automatically smoothes the irrelevant variables out of the regression model with a high probability, and avoids the problem of loss of efficiency related to the traditional nonparametric frequency‐based method. We derive the asymptotic distribution of our proposed ATE estimator. Monte Carlo simulations and empirical applications showcase the usefulness of the proposed method.
Decompositions of Information Criteria in Joint Model Under Probit Link for Response
Authors: Liu Fang , Cao Lei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe item response and response time are naturally encountered in variety of computerized testing, which are jointly analysed to achieve efficient model fitting. Several novel Bayesian assessment criteria, which quantify the enhancement in the fit of one dataset given the other, are proposed by utilizing decompositions of the deviance information criterion (DIC) and the logarithm of the pseudo‐marginal likelihood (LPML) under a logistic link. However, the calculation of these criteria under a probit link, a commonly employed alternative, remains unexplored. Moreover, decomposing DIC and LPML under probit link presents greater challenges than in the logistic model due to the intricate additional dimension integral. This paper addresses this gap by demonstrating the application of Bayesian model assessment criteria with a normal ogive model in the context of item response data within a joint modelling framework. Additionally, we also illustrate how to implement Bayesian sampling via a powerful R package ‘nimble’. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of those criteria. Further, a detailed analysis of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data is carried out to illustrate the methodology.
Impact of Nanoparticles Synthesized From Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) for Targeted Control of Malarial, Dengue, and Filariasis Vectors With Minimized Aquatic Toxicity
Authors: Vivekanandhan Perumal , Almansour Mansour I , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Ansari Mohammad Javed 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present study, biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Azadirachta indica leaf extract were evaluated for their toxic effects on both target and non‐target species. The botanical synthesized nanoparticles were tested against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus and non‐targeted species Artemia salina and Eudrilus eugeniae at 24 h posttreatment. AgNPs were characterized using the following analytical techniques: UV‐Vis spectroscopy, FT‐IR, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Results showed that AgNPs caused larvicidal activity with 90.66% mortality in An. stephensi, 97.33% in Ae. aegypti, and 93.33% in Cx. quinquefasciatus at 24 h posttreatment. A. indica‐derived AgNPs had lower LC50 (lethal concentration 50) and LC90 (lethal concentration 90) values of 44.803 and 252.886 ppm/mL in An. stephensi, 18.358 and 189.553 ppm/mL in Ae. Aegypti, and 36.492 and 219.800 ppm/mL in Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. Furthermore, AgNPs demonstrated lower toxicity effects with 50.66% mortality in A. salina and 38.66% mortality in E. eugeniae at 24 h posttreatment. Additionally, they exhibited lower LC50 and LC90 values of 240.996 and 533.618 ppm/mL in A. salina and 301.122 and 548.944 ppm/kg in E. eugeniae at 24 h posttreatment, respectively. The findings conclude that green‐synthesized AgNPs from plants offer a promising, cost‐effective, and target‐specific alternative for eco‐friendly mosquito larvicides. Future work should focus on developing these plant‐based agents with minimal non‐target toxicity to support sustainable pest control. Further research may explore large‐scale applications and assess the long‐term environmental impacts of AgNPs in integrated vector management programs.
Optimising Growth, Immunity, and Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens Through Dietary Threonine Levels and Oil Inclusion
Authors: El‐Katcha Mohamed I. , Soltan Mosaad A. , Ghamry Heba I. , El‐Nahas Abeer F. , Al‐Shuraym Laila A. , Mihaela Ostan , Olga Rada , Azab Rasha E. , Abdeen Ahmed , Shukry Mustafa , El‐Shobokshy Set A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe inclusion of synthetic amino acids in poultry nutrition plays a crucial role in both enhancing the synthesis of immunoglobulins and elevating the overall comprehensiveness of the amino acid profile.ObjectivesThis research examined the effects of consuming threonine (Thr) in various forms levels with low or high oil on broiler chickens' growth and immunity.MethodsWe investigate the growth performance, feed efficiency, immune response, intestinal morphology, absorptive capacity, and expression of some genes related to the feed intake (Pro‐opiomelanocortin [POMC]), fatty acid synthesis (Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase [ACC]), immunity (lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis like alpha factor [LITAF]), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Eight groups of chicks were used, including four dietary Thr levels (100%, 115%, 130%, or 145%) with two oil levels (mixture of sunflower 50% and soybean oils 50%): (control) and high.ResultsThe higher dietary Thr level (145%) with high oil inclusion significantly increased ACC and POMC gene expression, resulting in the lowest feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and liver fat content. Combining high oil with 115% Thr was the optimum for the broilers. The birds have significant (p ≤ .05) growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal health, as well as the lowest expression of ACC, POMC, HSP70, and LITAF, which was reflected in better feed conversion ratio and lower incidence of fatty liver, thermo‐resistance, and immune status of the birds.ConclusionsThe combination of high oil and 115% Thr levels optimises broiler health and productivity, enhancing growth, immune function, and gut health. This diet lowers the expression of genes associated with fatty liver and stress, leading to better feed efficiency, thermo‐resistance, and overall well‐being. Adopting these dietary adjustments can improve broiler performance and economic viability in poultry farming by enhancing essential productivity metrics.
Modeling tree responses to soil water variability guides irrigation to account for soil winter reserves
Authors: Sperling Or , Kamai Tamir , Gardi Ido , A Zwieniecki Maciej , Marino Giulia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐yield almond (Prunus amygdalus) production requires irrigation to support soil water availability throughout the summer. We aimed to develop tools that project almond trees’ water requirements and then integrate them into irrigation management. We postulated that deficit irrigation would limit root allocation and reduce irrigation efficiency. Thus, we monitored soil water availability (soil water content and potential evapotranspiration) and tree physiology (transpiration and trunk circumference) under 600, 900, or 1250 mm summer irrigations. A soil‐tree model was trained to predict trees’ transpiration as the soil dried between irrigation events. The model included an empirical function for tree transpiration at variable soil water potentials (50% loss by −1 MPa). Field records corroborated the soil‐tree model projections that 600 mm irrigation reduces soil water potential to −1 MPa and limits transpiration after winter soil water reserves deplete. Trees at deficit irrigation did grow deep roots to extract soil winter reserves, thus disputing our original notion. A 900 mm irrigation matched transpiration and maintained soil at −0.6 MPa. The 1250 mm irrigation exceeded transpiration and narrowed trees’ water uptake to the upper 50 cm. The reciprocity between soil water and transpiration dictates that predetermined irrigation would limit or exceed transpiration. The soil‐tree model could project transpiration responses to soil water variability, thereby supporting irrigation by trees’ transpiration. The model uses soil water dynamics, rather than insular water potential measures, to account for spatial discrepancies between water application and uptake depths. Hence, the soil‐tree model lays a computational framework for precision irrigation by automated sensory.
A Review of Life Cycle Assessment Methods to Inform the Scale‐Up of Carbon Dioxide Removal Interventions
Authors: Butnar Isabela , Lynch John , Vetter Sylvia , Gamaralalage Disni , Tang Yuzhou , McKechnie Jon , Foteinis Spyros , Rodway‐Dyer Sue , Röder Mirjam , Sogbesan Samuel , Hastings Astley , Renforth Phil , Brander Matthew , House Jo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods are increasingly used for policy decision‐making in the context of identifying and scaling up sustainable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) interventions. This article critically reviews CDR LCA case‐studies through three key lenses relevant to policy decision‐making on sustainable CDR scale‐up, namely comparability across CDR assessments, assessment of the climatic merit of a CDR intervention, and consideration of wider CDR co‐benefits and impacts. Our results show that while providing valuable life cycle understanding, current practices utilize diverse methods, usually attributional in nature, which are CDR and time‐specific. As a result, they do not allow comprehensive cross‐comparison between CDRs, nor reveal the potential consequences of scaling up CDRs in the future. We suggest CDR LCA design requires clearer definitions of the study scope and goal, the use of more consistent functional units, greater comprehensiveness in system boundaries, and explicit baseline definitions. This would allow for robust assessments, facilitating comparison with other CDR methods, and better evidencing net climate benefits. The inventory should collect time‐dependent data on the full CDR life cycle and baseline, and report background assumptions. The impact assessment phase should evidence the climatic merits, co‐benefits, and trade‐offs potentially caused by the expanding CDR. Finally, to ensure a sustainable scale‐up of CDR, consequential analyses should be performed, and interpretation involves the comparison of all selected metrics and the permanence of carbon storage against a baseline scenario.
Efficacy and safety of different antibiotic treatment versus surgical treatment for acute appendicitis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xianhuan , Zheng Xiaokang , Jin Hongfeng , Li Aiming , Zhang Hao , Zhang Dehua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review and network meta‐analysis compared various antibiotic treatments with surgical treatment for acute appendicitis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the prespecified inclusion criteria up to July 2023. The interventions included various antibiotics and surgery. The outcomes measured were initial treatment success, treatment success at 1‐year follow‐up, and treatment‐related complications. Meta‐analysis was conducted using R software with the gemtc package. Surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) were used to rank the interventions.ResultsThirteen RCTs involving nine treatments (cefotaxime [CTX] + tinidazole [TNZ], CTX + metronidazole [MTZ], ampicillin [AMP] + gentamicin [GEN] + MTZ, amoxicillin/clavulanate [AMC] + GEN, meropenem [MEM] + MTZ, AMC, ertapenem [ETP] + MTZ, ETP, and surgery) were included in this network meta‐analysis. In head‐to‐head comparisons, no statistically significant difference was found between any two interventions for initial treatment success (p > 0.05). The SUCRA indicated that surgery ranked first (SUCRA, 66.5%) for initial treatment success. Surgery was associated with an increased treatment success rate at 1‐year follow‐up compared to AMC (OR = 0.01, 95% CrI = 0.00–0.14, p < 0.05), MEM + MTZ (OR = 0.06, 95% CrI = 0.00–0.42, p < 0.05), and AMP + GEN + MTZ (OR = 0.02, 95% CrI = 0.00–0.23, p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between any two interventions regarding complications (p > 0.05).ConclusionOur network meta‐analysis suggests that surgery ranks highest for initial treatment success and treatment success at 1‐year follow‐up. However, surgery may increase the complication rate.
The genomic landscape of papillary thyroid carcinoma on next‐generation sequencing in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy
Authors: Poongkodi Karunakaran , Periyasamy Sumathi , Gurunathan Raj Ashok , Krishnasamy Vijayakumar , Jayakumar Deepak , Subburaman Ramesh , Jayaraman Sujatha , Prabhudas Sudheesh K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThyroidectomy is increasingly performed for suspected malignancy. This cohort study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with malignancy and determine the molecular landscape of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.Patients and MethodsAmong 116 surgical candidates, 103 patients (age = 42.9 ± 13.7 years; Male: Female = 14:89) with benign or malignant thyroid nodules were eligible. Live thyroid tissue samples harvested intraoperatively with adequate DNA and RNA yield were subjected to NGS on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform for genomic and transcriptomic analysis, respectively.ResultsHistopathology comprised 20 malignant (19.4%) and 83 benign (80.6%) cases, including 16 PTC (15.5%) cases. On NGS, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NTRK1 at NC_000001.11:156879016 on chromosome 1 and ALK at NC_000002.12:29717663 on chromosome 2 were frequent in malignant lesions (p < 0.05). A SNP in ALK at NC_000002.12:29193706 was consistently a homozygous alternate allele across the cohort. DNA‐sequencing of PTC lesions identified recurrent somatic mutations in BRAF (100%), ALK (56.3%), RET (18.8%), PIK3CA (12.5%), NTRK1 (12.5%), NTRK2 (87.5%), NTRK3 (12.5%), NRAS (6.3%), and PTCH1 (31.3%) genes. RNA sequencing revealed novel fusion genes, including MKRN1‐BRAF, RN7SL1‐CDH1, IRF2BPL‐MED12, MED12‐IRF2BPL, CPM‐MDM2, and AC005895.3‐PDGFRB. In receiver operative characteristics analysis, the AUCs of ALK mutation predicting recurrence and metastases were 0.818 and 0.783.ConclusionThis Indian study identified novel somatic mutations and fusion genes in PTC, revealing a distinct genomic landscape with implications in precision diagnostics and personalized therapies. NGS with intraoperative live sampling shows promise in prognostication and therapeutic optimization of advanced/metastatic PTC cases.Trial Registration NoCTRI/2020/09/027607 dt 04/09/2020; REF/2020/08/036119.
Localisation without supersymmetry: towards exact results from Dirac structures in 3D N = 0 gauge theory
Authors: Arvanitakis Alex S. , Kanakaris Dimitri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show, by introducing purely auxiliary gluinos and scalars, that the quantum path integral for a class of 3D interacting non-supersymmetric gauge theories localises. The theories in this class all admit a ‘Manin gauge theory’ formulation, that we introduce; it is obtained by enhancing the gauge algebra of the theory to a Dirac structure inside a Manin pair. This machinery allows us to do localisation computations for every theory in this class at once, including for 3D Yang-Mills theory, and for its Third Way deformation; the latter calculation casts the Third Way path integral into an almost 1-loop exact form.
Direct CKM determination from W decays at future lepton colliders
Authors: Marzocca David , Szewc Manuel , Tammaro Michele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We project the reach of future lepton colliders for measuring CKM elements from direct observations of W decays. We focus our attention to |Vcs| and |Vcb| determinations, using FCC-ee as case study. We employ state-of-the-art jet flavor taggers to obtain the projected sensitivity, and scan over tagger performances to show their effect. We conclude that future lepton collider can sizeably improve the sensitivity on |Vcs| and |Vcb|, albeit the achievable reach will strongly depend on the level of systematic uncertainties on tagger parameters.