bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mover‐stayer model with covariate effects on stayer's probability and mover's transitions
Authors: Frydman H. , Matuszyk A. , Li C. , Zhu W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA discrete time Markov chain assumes that the population is homogeneous, each individual in the population evolves according to the same transition matrix. In contrast, a discrete mover‐stayer (MS) model postulates a simple form of population heterogeneity; in each initial state, there is a proportion of individuals who never leave this state (stayers) and the complementary proportion of individuals who evolve according to a Markov chain (movers). The MS model was extended by specifying the stayer's probability to be a logistic function of an individual's covariates but leaving the same transition matrix for all movers. We further extend the MS model by allowing each mover to have her/his covariates dependent transition matrix. The model for a mover's transition matrix is related to the extant Markov chains mixture model with mixing on the speed of movement of Markov chains. The proposed model is estimated using the expectation‐maximization algorithm and illustrated with a large data set on car loans and the simulation.
Comparison of immobilized and free enzyme systems in industrial production of short‐chain fructooligosaccharides from sucrose using a techno‐economic approach
Authors: Bedzo Oscar K. K. , Mandegari Mohsen , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShort‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are nutraceuticals with numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The production of scFOS using immobilized biocatalysts offers some functional and technical advantages over free enzyme counterparts. To investigate the economic potential of the immobilized enzyme system relative to the free enzyme system, a techno‐economic comparison was conducted on three methods of scFOS production (powder and syrup forms) at a capacity of 2000 t per annum (tpa) by enzymatic synthesis from sucrose: the free enzyme (FE), calcium alginate immobilized enzyme (CAIE), and amberlite IRA 900 immobilized enzyme (AIE) systems. These processes were simulated in Aspen Plus to obtain the mass and energy balances and to estimate the operating and capital costs, followed by economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Profitability analysis showed that all three systems are economically viable as their associated minimum selling prices (MSP) were well below the scFOS market price of 5 $ kg−1. However, the FE system was the most profitable with the lowest MSP of 2.61 $ kg−1 because the savings on cost as a result of enzyme immobilization could not offset the additional costs associated with immobilization. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that total operating cost, fixed capital investment, and internal rate of return (% IRR) have the greatest effects on the MSP. Furthermore, the syrup form of scFOS production leads to 29% less MSP, compared to powder form. In addition, the studied plant capacities of 5000 and 1000 tpa showed 10% and 16% reductions on MSP respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Improving neurodevelopment in infants with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Harrison Tondi M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWorldwide, more than 400,000 infants are born each year with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) requiring surgical intervention within the first months of life. Although improvements in perioperative care have resulted in increased rates of survival, more than half of infants with CCHD have neurodevelopmental impairments affecting subsequent educational achievements, job opportunities, and mental health. Brain maturity and impaired outcomes in infants with CCHD are similar to those of prematurely born infants. Developmentally supportive care, including foundational application of kangaroo care (KC), improves neurodevelopment in premature infants. Provision of developmentally supportive care with KC during the early hospitalization of infants with CCHD has the potential to similarly improve neurodevelopment. The purposes of the article are to describe common congenital heart defects, describe developmentally supportive care with an emphasis on KC, and to offer specific recommendations for KC and research in infants with CCHD.
Numerische Verfahrenssimulation im Betonbau
Authors: Nietner Lutz , Linsel Stefan , Raderbauer Bernd 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDas im Jahre 2016 fertiggestellte Kraftwerksprojekt Linth‐Limmern in den Schweizer Alpen ist ein Schwerpunktstandort in der nationalen Energieversorgungsstrategie der Schweiz. Zentrales Element ist dabei ein unterirdisches Pumpspeicherkraftwerk in 1800 m Höhe, welches durch den ca. 700 m höheren Speicher Muttsee versorgt wird. Die Herstellung der dafür notwendigen Staumauer ist eine anspruchsvolle Bauaufgabe, die aufgrund der Massigkeit der Betonkonstruktion, der extremen alpinen Umgebungsbedingungen und der unbewehrten Bauweise mit sehr hohen Anforderungen an die Standsicherheit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit verbunden ist. Dies betrifft insbesondere die mögliche Rissbildung im Mauerkörper infolge von Hydratationswärmeentwicklung des Betons, die durch geeignete technologische Maßnahmen verhindert werden muss. Der nachfolgende Beitrag stellt die dafür zugrundeliegenden thermomechanischen Simulationsmodelle und die daraus abgeleiteten baupraktischen Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsanweisungen vor. Er bildet zugleich den Auftakt für eine Reihe von weiteren Fachartikeln zur Thematik der baupraktischen Anwendung von numerischer Baustoff‐ und Verfahrenssimulation.
Penile hair strangulation: A prodigious cause of pediatric agitation
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , El‐Asmar Jose M. , Aoun Bilal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPenile hair strangulation is secondary to a hair tourniquet effect. Albeit a rare presentation in pediatric emergency units, penile hair strangulation must be cautiously noted in any penile pain and edema, to avoid inevitable damage to external genitalia, including penile necrosis, urethrocutaneous fistula, and even amputation.
Beyond 1T‐phase? Synergistic Electronic Structure and Defects Engineering in 2H‐MoS2xSe2(1‐x) Nanosheets for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Ran , Li Xiaofeng , Gao Tangling , Yao Tai , Liu Shengwei , Wang Xianjie , Han Jiecai , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Zhang Xinghong , Zhang Yumin , Song Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional layered MoSe2 has been proved to be promising electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although the typical disadvantages of poor conductivity and limited density of active sites in 2H‐phase restrict further development. Here, a clear evidence is presented in partially‐crystallized 2H‐MoS2xSe2(1‐x) nanosheets (NS) to demonstrate that: i) in both 2H‐ and 1T‐phase, single factor such as phase, conductivity, or defects will not determine or restrict the catalytic activity in MoSe2, and ii) synergistic tuning at least two factors will greatly enhance the overall HER performance than single factor no matter in 2H‐ or 1T‐MoSe2 crystal structures. The enhanced catalytic activity with η10=136 mV vs RHE, and a Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1 are achieved in the optimized 2H‐MoS0.2Se1.8‐160 NS, which is the best among pure MoSSe materials without heterogeneous atom doping to our knowledge. In addition, 2H‐MoS0.2Se1.8/rGO anodes exhibit a stable reversible capacity of 396 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. These discoveries provide a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the single factor or multi‐factors mechanism for HER, which serves as the general design and modulation principles for further synthesize and applications of MoSe2‐based materials toward HER and other catalytic applications.
Influence of Liquid Density and Surface Tension on the Pinning of Sliding Droplets on a Triangular Microstructure
Authors: Bonart Henning , Jung Johannes , Kahle Christian , Repke Jens-Uwe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSliding droplets are crucial in many industrial applications. Examples are coating and separation processes involving multiple phases and liquid films. Often one can observe how a sliding droplet halts midstream on a solid surface. Wetting defects such as topographic structures can lead to a pinning of sliding droplets. In order to assess the influence of liquid density and surface tension on the pinning, direct numerical simulations are performed. After the model and its discretization are introduced, the solution is validated. Simulation results of gravity‐driven droplets on inclined surfaces with structures in the size of the droplets are presented and the observed requirements for pinning a sliding droplet to a surface are discussed.
Through‐Space Spin Coupling in a Silver(II) Porphyrin Dimer upon Stepwise Oxidations: AgII⋅⋅⋅AgII, AgII⋅⋅⋅AgIII, and AgIII⋅⋅⋅AgIIIMetallophilic Interactions
Authors: Singh Akhil Kumar , Usman Mohammad , Sciortino Giuseppe , Garribba Eugenio , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetallophilic interactions between closed‐shell metal ions are becoming a popular tool for a variety of applications related to high‐end materials. Heavier d8transition‐metal ions are also considered to have a closed shell and can be involved in such interactions. There is no systematic investigation so far to estimate the structure and energy characteristics of metallophilic interactions in AgII/AgII(d9/d9), AgIII/AgIII(d8/d8), and mixed‐valent AgII/AgIII(d9/d8) complexes, which have been demonstrated in the present study. Both interporphyrinic and intermetallic interactions were investigated on stepwise oxidation by using a rigid ethene‐bridgedcissilver(II) porphyrin dimer and the results compared with those for highly flexible ethane‐bridged analogues. By controlling the nature of chemical oxidants and their stoichiometry, both 1e and 2e oxidations were done stepwise to generate AgII/AgIIImixed‐valent and AgIII/AgIIIporphyrin dimers, respectively. Unlike all other ethene‐bridged metalloporphyrin dimers reported earlier, in which 2e oxidation stabilizes only thetransform, such an oxidation of silver(II) porphyrin dimer stabilizes only thecisform because of the metallophilic interaction. Besides silver(II)⋅⋅⋅silver(II) interactions incissilver(II) porphyrin dimer, stepwise oxidations also enabled us to achieve various hitherto‐unknown silver(II)⋅⋅⋅silver(III) and silver(III)⋅⋅⋅silver(III) interactions, which thereby allow significant modulation of their structure and properties. The strength of Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag interaction follows the order AgII/AgII(d9/d9)<AgII/AgIII(d9/d8)<AgIII/AgIII(d8/d8). Single‐crystal XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy, and variable‐temperature magnetic investigations revealed various oxidation states of silver and metallophilic interactions, which are also well supported by computational analysis.
2,5‐Thienylene‐Strapped Bicyclic and Tricyclic Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Abdisa Kerayu Bulti , Ching Wei‐Min , dela Cruz Jay‐ar , Hung Chen‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn [18]thiaporphyrin[36]dithiaoctaphyrin‐[18]thiaporphyrin tricyclic macrocycle, fused through the 2,5‐thienylene bridging moiety, was isolated during the preparation of 2,5‐thienylene‐strapped [26]hexaphyrin containing o‐dichlorophenyl groups as meso substituents. The spectroscopic data of the 2,5‐thienylene‐strapped [26]hexaphyrin verified contributions of aromaticity from ring currents of both the [18]thiaporphyrin and the [26]hexaphyrin. The crystal structure of the tricyclic macrocycle revealed a distorted [36]dithiaoctaphyrin central core with two [18]thiaporphyrin sidewheels oriented nearly perpendicular to the mean‐plane of dithiaoctaphyrin, implying the existence of independent π‐conjugated systems. Both the absorption maximum at 441 nm and the chemical shifts in the 1H NMR spectrum of the tricyclic macrocycle are dominated by diatropic ring currents of two aromatic [18]thiaporphyrin sidewheels.
Hoftsede's cultural dimensions and corporate social responsibility in online communication: Are they independent constructs?
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso , Palazzo Maria , Amabile Sara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite the fact that culture is central in globalized and digitalized contexts, few studies have investigated how organizations are influenced by cultural dimensions in communicating their social responsibility efforts. Through the lens of cultural dimensions, this study aims at comparing communication displayed on corporate websites of top sustainable organizations. The aim is reached evaluating how Hofstede's cultural dimensions, reflected in corporate social responsibility (CSR) content, vary between companies in Asian context and other organizations worldwide. A coding scheme to analyze cultural impact on CSR communication content disclosed on websites was carried out. Findings show that Hofstede's cultural dimensions and online CSR communication belong to different levels of analysis: One is innate and diffusive, whereas the other one is intentional and rational. Differently from extant studies on cultural dimensions, results suggest that cultural dimensions are factors that should be analyzed as social aspects, whereas online CSR communication should instead be explored as strategic feature.
Learning Single‐Cell Distances from Cytometry Data
Authors: Nguyen Bac , Rubbens Peter , Kerckhof Frederiek‐Maarten , Boon Nico , De Baets Bernard , Waegeman Willem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen an increased interest in employing data analysis techniques for the automated identification of cell populations in the field of cytometry. These techniques highly depend on the use of a distance metric, a function that quantifies the distances between single‐cell measurements. In most cases, researchers simply use the Euclidean distance metric. In this article, we exploit the availability of single‐cell labels to find an optimal Mahalanobis distance metric derived from the data. We show that such a Mahalanobis distance metric results in an improved identification of cell populations compared with the Euclidean distance metric. Once determined, it can be used for the analysis of multiple samples that were measured under the same experimental setup. We illustrate this approach for cytometry data from two different origins, that is, flow cytometry applied to microbial cells and mass cytometry for the analysis of human blood cells. We also illustrate that such a distance metric results in an improved identification of cell populations when clustering methods are employed. Generally, these results imply that the performance of data analysis techniques can be improved by using a more advanced distance metric. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Movers and shakers: Bumble bee foraging behavior shapes the dispersal of microbes among and within flowers
Authors: Russell Avery L. , Rebolleda‐Gómez María , Shaible Tierney Marie , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDispersal is central to the ecology and evolution of spatially structured communities. While flower microbial communities are spatially structured among floral organs, how dispersal vectors distribute microbes among floral organs is unknown. Pollinators are recognized as key microbial vectors, but effects of their different foraging behaviors on transfer dynamics among flowers or different floral organs are not known. We asked how foraging behaviors of a model pollinator (Bombus impatiens) affect acquisition and dispersal of microbes among flower organs. We used monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) to examine dispersal within a natural context and artificial flowers to test how common bee foraging behaviors (nectaring, buzzing, or scrabbling) shaped dispersal of a green fluorescent protein‐labeled bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bees acquired 1% of a flower's microbes and dispersed 31% of acquired microbes to the next flower. All bees acquired microbes, and 85% and 76% of bees dispersed microbes to live and artificial flowers, respectively. Microbes acquired from the corolla were mainly deposited on the corolla, followed by the stamens, and least on the nectary/pistil. Bee foraging behavior affected acquisition, with scrabbling for pollen resulting in 23% more microbes acquired than nectaring, and with buzzing for pollen resulting in a 79% slower rate of microbial acquisition relative to scrabbling. Bee foraging behavior also affected deposition but depended on the floral organ: Scrabbling and buzzing for pollen led to greater deposition than nectaring for corolla and stamen but not nectary. Our results have implications for transmission of beneficial and pathogenic microbes among plants and pollinators, and thus the ecology and evolution of floral microbial communities.
Ectoparasite burden influences the denning behavior of a small desert carnivore
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Iles David T. , Gese Eric M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuantifying the impacts of parasitism on a host can be arduous and is generally understudied for ectoparasites, with known works being either laboratory‐focused, correlational‐based, or only focusing on a few species and spatial extents. Many mammalian species have evolved the modality of denning behavior, a lifestyle that can lead to higher ectoparasite burden, and it has been posited that animals may alter their denning behavior in an attempt to reduce exposure to ectoparasites. We conducted a test of the ectoparasite release hypothesis for kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and fleas in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States, a hypothesis that has remained relatively untested for over half a century. We experimentally administered a flea reduction treatment to a subset of kit foxes. We then measured and compared the number of unique den usages and residency time across treatment and control foxes (no flea reduction treatment) while accounting for other factors known to influence denning behavior. Foxes treated with the flea medication reduced the number of unique dens and increased their residency times at dens. All kit foxes continued to use multiple dens on the landscape, suggesting several factors in addition to flea burden influence denning behavior. Our results confirm the long‐dormant ectoparasite release hypothesis and suggest ectoparasites may shape the behavior of burrowing vertebrates to a greater extent than previously recognized.
SIRPα+ dendritic cells promote the development of fibroblastic reticular cells in murine peripheral lymph nodes
Authors: Komori Satomi , Saito Yasuyuki , Respatika Datu , Nishimura Taichi , Kotani Takenori , Murata Yoji , Matozaki Takashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNonhematopoietic stromal cells contribute to the organization and homeostasis of secondary lymphoid organs by producing cytokines and chemokines. The development and maintenance of these stromal cells are thought to be regulated by innate immune cells. Indeed, we recently showed that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)‐positive dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the proliferation and survival of podoplanin (Pdpn)‐positive fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in mouse spleen. We have now established an in vitro culture system for lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) isolated from mouse peripheral LNs. Activated DCs and TNF‐α each promoted the proliferation of cultured LNSCs, most of which were found to be Pdpn+ FRCs. Furthermore, ablation of SIRPα in CD11c+ cells attenuated this effect of DCs on LNSC proliferation. Transplantation of activated DCs together with cultured LNSCs into the renal subcapsular space markedly increased the number of ER‐TR7+ stromal cells as well as induced the accumulation of T cells and increased the expression of Ccl19 in the transplants. Ablation of SIRPα in CD11c+ cells greatly impaired the development of LN‐like structure in the transplants. Our findings thus suggest that SIRPα+ DCs are important for the proliferation and differentiation of Pdpn+ FRCs in peripheral LNs.
The Value of Legume Foods as a Dietary Source of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans Is Dependent on Species, Variety, and Growing Conditions
Authors: García‐García María C. , del Río Celestino Mercedes , Gil‐Izquierdo Ángel , Egea‐Gilabert Catalina , Galano Jean M. , Durand Thierry , Oger Camille , Fernández Juan A. , Ferreres Federico , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl 
Published: May 2019

Bioactive phytoprostanes and phytofurans are synthesized in higher plants by non‐enzymatic oxidation of α‐linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3), triggered by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. In the current scenario of changing dietary patterns, additional information is needed on the concentrations of oxylipins in legumes and on the effect of sustained deficit irrigation on their concentration. The main objective of the work is to elucidate the phytoprostane and phytofuran profile (including eight and three compounds, respectively) of three Pisum sativum cultivars (“mangetout” (ssp. arvense), “BGE‐033620,” and “Lincoln”) and Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean cv. “Helda”), to unravel the oxidative response of these crops to sustained irrigation deficit in terms of oxidative stress, as well as in their importance as healthy dietary sources of new bioactive compounds. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans vary between varieties and species, with 9‐F1t‐PhytoP and ent‐16‐(RS)‐13‐epi‐ST‐Δ14‐9‐PhytoF being the most abundant. The level of phytoprostanes and phytofurans is also determined in sustained deficit irrigation (50% water needed), revealing modifications of their profile and concentration. In conclusion, bioactive phytoprostanes and phytofurans are present in legumes in high concentrations, being further modified by abiotic stress growing conditions, highlighting the importance of this plant food as a dietary source of these bioactive molecules.Practical Applications: This work is of high relevance from the lipidomic point of view, given that phytoprostanes and phytofurans have been promoted as new bioactive secondary metabolites due to their structural analogy with mammal oxylipins. These compounds can be further postulated as possible markers for the monitoring of the physiological status of legume plants under different agronomical conditions. The results obtained can contribute to the successful development of future research in the field of plant physiology and nutrition, significantly contributing to the advance of the current knowledge on the biological role of phytoprostanes and phytofurans in plants and complex biological systems.Species‐dependent modification of phytoprostanes and phytofurans by deficit irrigation in French‐bean, pea, and mangetout.
Current status, challenges, and policy suggestions for coalbed methane industry development in China: A review
Authors: Tao Shu , Chen Shida , Pan Zhejun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChina is vigorously promoting the development of coalbed methane (CBM) resources because CBM is cleaner than coal and a hazardous gas in coal mining. However, the CBM production in China is significantly lower than that in other coal‐rich countries, such as Australia and the United States. In this paper, the main problems hindering CBM development in China are discussed to provide management suggestions for the government. These key problems include exploration and development techniques, the overlap of mining rights, management, financial supporting policy, investment environment, regulations, and market conditions. The results of this study indicate that to improve the development of the CBM industry in China, national and local governments must enact specific and exercisable regulations to increase financial support, improve technology, increase investment in CBM exploration, strengthen public project establishment, and improve the reform of CBM exploration and development policies.