bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Rho kinase activity in patients with heart ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xu Fei , Liu Xiao-Bo , Bi Shao-jie , Lu Qing-Hua 
Published: July 2018

Background/Aim: Rho kinase is a downstream effector of Rho GTPase that is known to regulate various pathological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regulation of Rho kinase activity in leukocytes in patients with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Patients and Methods: We investigated 38 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 26 patients with atherosclerosis (AS) and 22 normal subjects. All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and all STEMI patients received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) within 12 h after chest pain on-set. Blood samples for leukocyte Rho kinase activity were obtained before CAG and 3 and 24 hours after CAG/PCI. Results: Rho kinase activity increased in the I/R and AS groups. Compared with the AS group, Rho kinase activity was significantly higher in peripheral blood leukocytes in STEMI/PPCI. Furthermore, there was no correlation between changes in Rho kinase activity and changes in high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP). There was a negative correlation between Rho kinase activity and IL-6. Conclusion: Rho kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of heart I/R injury in patients. Inhibition of Rho kinase may be an additional therapeutic intervention for the treatment of I/R.
Hydromorphone-induced chorea as an atypical presentation of opioid neurotoxicity: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Martin Emily J , Vaughan Christina L , Atayee Rabia , Hirst Jeremy M , O’Donnell Kaitlyn , Edmonds Kyle P 
Published: July 2018

Background: While opioid-induced myoclonus is well described, there are limited reports of opioid-induced chorea. Here we present the first case of chorea as a manifestation of opioid neurotoxicity due to hydromorphone. Case presentation: A 20-year-old woman presenting with fevers and cutaneous lesions was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to primary cutaneous lymphoma. Surgical resection of a cutaneous lesion was complicated by severe postoperative pain requiring rapid opioid dose escalation. Seven days after hydromorphone was initiated, she developed positive myoclonus, hallucinations, delirium, and involuntary, flowing movements consistent with chorea. She had no personal or family history of nervous system disorders and was not taking any medications associated with drug-induced chorea. Case management: The remainder of her neurologic examination was unremarkable. Her renal function was normal and no etiology was found on neuroimaging or laboratory workup. Hydromorphone was discontinued and pain control was achieved with fentanyl. Case outcome: The patient’s neurotoxic symptoms including chorea resolved within 72 h of hydromorphone discontinuation. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to determine which patients have a unique sensitivity to opioids predisposing them to chorea. Clinicians should be aware that chorea may be a sign of such toxicity so that rapid corrective action can be taken.
Evaluation of grooming behaviour and apparent digestibility method in cats
Authors: Kim Hee S , Hong Jin S , Park Chang W , Cho Kyung H , Kim Yoo Y 
Published: July 2018

Objectives This experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns for shorthair and longhair cats, and to assess the effect of grooming behaviour on apparent digestibility of nutrients in domestic cats ( Felis catus) by comparing hair-included faeces and hair-removed faeces. Methods A total of 10 adult domestic cats, with a mean ± SD body weight of 4.3 ± 0.89 kg and a mean ± SD age of 3.5 ± 1.38 years, were used for behavioural observation. Cats were housed individually in stainless steel cages at the animal hospital. The cats’ behaviour was recorded on a webcam videotaping system for one 24 h period; then, faecal samples were collected and analysed to measure apparent digestibility. Results There was no significant difference between longhair and shorthair cats in behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of hair-removed faeces was significantly higher than that of hair-included faeces: about 6% ( P <0.01), 7% ( P <0.01), 14% ( P <0.01), 12% ( P = 0.01) and 10% ( P <0.01), respectively. Conclusions and relevance There was no difference in grooming patterns between longhair cats and shorthair cats. Also, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, ADF and NDF has been underestimated by approximately 6%, 7%, 14%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, when they have been calculated using the conventional digestibility method for domestic cats.
Mid-term 3T MRA follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with the Woven EndoBridge
Authors: van Rooij SBT , Peluso JP , Sluzewski M , Kortman HG , Boukrab I , van Rooij WJ 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Angiography is the standard follow-up modality for treated aneurysms with the Woven EndoBridge (WEB), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is useful for extended follow-up. We present the results of WEB-treated aneurysms with angiographic follow-up at three months and at least 18 months’ 3T MRA follow-up. Materials and methods Included were 52 patients with 53 aneurysms treated with the WEB between February 2015 and July 2016. There were 29 women and 23 men with a mean age of 60 years (median 62, range 23–76). Mean aneurysm size was 6.2 mm (median 6, range 3–16 mm). Results 3T MRA follow-up was mean 19.6 months (median 18, range 18–36 months). One patient had an aneurysm remnant at three-month angiography that was additionally coiled and with stable complete occlusion at 18 months’ 3T MRA follow-up. At three-month follow-up angiography, 44 aneurysms were completely occluded and eight had a neck remnant. At latest 3T MRA, stable complete occlusion was present in 43 aneurysms and stable neck remnant in eight. One posterior cerebral artery (PCA) dissection aneurysm was stable at three and six months but was enlarged and reopened at 18 months, confirmed with angiography. Focal signal loss by the proximal marker of the WEB was apparent in four patients without compromising diagnostic evaluation. Conclusion WEB-treated aneurysms with adequate occlusion at three-month angiography remained stable during serial 3T MRA follow-up of 18–36 months. One PCA aneurysm reopened during the 6- to 18-month interval. Once the WEB-treated aneurysm is adequately occluded in the short term, later reopening is uncommon.
Prognostic factors of ulcer healing and amputation-free survival in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Furuyama Tadashi , Onohara Toshihiro , Yamashita Sho , Yoshiga Ryosuke , Yoshiya Keiji , Inoue Kentaro , Morisaki Koichi , Kyuragi Ryoichi , Matsumoto Takuya , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2018

Objective A multidisciplinary approach is required to treat critical limb ischemia. We determined the poor prognostic factors of ischemic ulcer healing after optimal arterial revascularization, and assessed the efficacy of the medication therapy using cilostazol, which is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3. Methods In this retrospective, single-center, cohort study, 129 limbs that underwent infrainguinal arterial revascularization for Rutherford class 5 critical limb ischemia were reviewed. The primary end point was the ulcer healing time after arterial revascularization. The secondary end point was the amputation-free survival rate. Results Of the 129 limbs, endovascular therapy was performed in 69 limbs, and surgical reconstructive procedures were performed in 60 limbs for initial therapy. Complete ulcer healing was achieved in 95 limbs (74%). The median ulcer healing time was 90 days. In multivariate analysis, no cilostazol use significantly inhibited ulcer healing ( p = 0.0114). A white blood cell count >10,000 ( p = 0.0185), a major defect after debridement ( p = 0.0215), and endovascular therapy ( p = 0.0308) were significant poor prognostic factors for ulcer healing. Additionally, ischemic heart disease ( p < 0.0001), albumin levels <3 g/dl ( p = 0.0016), no cilostazol use ( p = 0.0078), and a major defect after debridement ( p = 0.0208) were significant poor prognostic factors for amputation-free survival rate. Conclusions Ulcer healing within 90 days after arterial revascularization is impaired by no cilostazol use, a white blood cell count >10,000, a major defect after debridement, and endovascular therapy. Furthermore, cilostazol improves amputation-free survival rate in patients with critical limb ischemia.
Nuclear factor-kappa B activation inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jiao Lei , Jiang Ming , Liu Jun , Wei Lichao , Wu Min 
Published: July 2018

Objectives To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) performed in cell proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and to assess the mechanisms. Methods Human aorta VSMCs were divided into control, NF-κB inhibitor, NF-κB overexpression + NF-κB inhibitor, control vector + NF-κB inhibitor, NF-κB overexpression, and control vector groups. NF-κB overexpression vector was constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Proliferation of VSMCs in each group was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide. Apoptosis of VSMCs was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of NF-κB, FasL, and hypertension-related gene (HRG-1) was measured by Western blotting. Results NF-κB overexpression vector was constructed correctly by restriction endonuclease, and the results showed that the activation of NF-κB could inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs. The results of flow cytometry also confirmed that NF-κB overexpression promoted apoptosis of VSMCs. Mechanically, NF-κB overexpression could up-regulate the expression of FasL and HRG-1. Conclusions NF-κB overexpression promotes apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation of VSMCs. The mechanisms might be regulated by promoting FasL and HRG-1 expression.
Enteroscopy in children
Authors: Di Nardo Giovanni , Calabrese Carlo , Conti Nibali Roberto , De Matteis Arianna , Casciani Emanuele , Martemucci Luigi , Pagliaro Giuseppe , Pagano Nico 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionDevice‐assisted enteroscopy is a new endoscopic technique for the evaluation of small bowel in adults and children. Data in pediatric population are limited. This review aims to identify diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of enteroscopy in children.MethodsWe have analysed paediatric literature on device‐assisted enteroscopy focusing on indications, technical aspects and complications, with attention given to adult publications that may be applicable to the paediatric population.ResultsObscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease and small bowel polyps are the main indications of enteroscopy in children. Device‐assisted enteroscopy has high diagnostic yield for the main paediatric indications, but MR‐enterography and capsule endoscopy should be used beforehand in diagnostic work‐up to better identify candidates for enteroscopy and to improve its diagnostic and therapeutic yield. Major complications are rare and mostly related to therapeutic procedures.ConclusionDespite limited data in the paediatric population, device‐assisted enteroscopy represents a useful and safe endoscopic technique in children. Its use, combined with MR‐enterography and capsule endoscopy, allows identification and treatment of many of the small bowel paediatric diseases with a low risk of complications.
Improving access to post-treatment support for patients with cancer – thinking outside the box: A patient perspective
Authors: Lewis Chris 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Aggressive cancers such as mantle cell lymphoma are life-changing diseases, affecting all aspects in the life of a patient. Not only affecting a patient physically due to the disease itself and potential treatments but also mentally, socially and economically as well. The aim of this article is to describe the journey of a patient from a clinical and personal perspective, highlighting the importance of a collaborative approach to patients’ post-treatment care from clinicians, allied health professionals and patient advocacy groups/charities. Case presentation: The case presented the journey of a 51-year-old male with stage IV mantle cell lymphoma presented from his own perspective. The clinical case highlights a number of key issues on post-treatment support and the need for improvement to ensure cancer survivors have the best quality of life once treatment has ended. Conclusions: It is essential that cancer survivors receive the support and information they require to adjust to lifestyle changes arising from their disease and treatment. Improving communication and access to care and providing additional emotional support may assist survivors in adapting to these changes. Increased collaboration among physicians, researchers, allied health professionals, patient groups and charities and patients will continue to improve quality of life for cancer patients after treatment has ceased.
Implementing a podiatry prescribing mentoring program in a public health service: a cost‐description study
Authors: Couch Anna G. , Foo Jonathan , James Alicia M. , Maloney Stephen , Williams Cylie M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the management of diabetes and high‐risk patients, timely treatment with scheduled medicines is critical to prevent severe infections and reduce the risk of lower extremity amputation. However, in Australia, few podiatrists have attained endorsement to prescribe. The aims of this study were to identify the costs associated with developing and implementing a podiatry prescribing mentoring program; and to compare the cost of this program against potential healthcare savings produced.MethodsThis was a cost‐description analysis, involving the calculation of costs associated with the development and implementation of a mentoring program to train podiatrists to become endorsed prescribers. Costs were calculated using the Ingredients Method and examined from the perspective of a public health service provider, and the individual learner podiatrist. Breakeven analysis compared the cost of training a podiatry prescriber for endorsement against the potential benefit (savings) made by averting complications of an infected foot ulcer. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to allow for uncertainty in the results of an economic evaluation.ResultsTotal start‐up cost for the podiatry prescriber mentoring program was $13, 251. The total cost to train one learner podiatrist was $30, 087, distributed between the hospital $17, 046 and the individual learner $13, 041. In the setting studied, a podiatry prescriber must avert 0.40 major amputations arising from an infected foot ulcer through prescribing to recover the cost of training. If in‐kind training costs are included, total cost increases to $50, 654, and the breakeven point shifts to 0.68 major amputations averted.ConclusionThe economic benefits (savings) created by an endorsed prescribing podiatrist over their career in a public health service are likely to outweigh the costs to train a podiatrist to attain endorsement. Further research is required to help understand the effectiveness of podiatry prescribing in reducing diabetic foot related complications and the potential economic impact of podiatry prescribers on this health condition.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Assessment of healthiness among long term inhabiting army soldiers in dry zone of Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayaweera Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath , Joseph Anpalaham 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesMilitary personnel, because of the unique nature of their duties, are reluctant to face stressors. Living in hot and humid conditions they frequently suffer dehydration. Army soldiers living in dry zone of Sri Lanka, were screened for chronic kidney disease (CKD), common non-communicable diseases and methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization. Albumin creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g urine taken as cut-off for detection of CKD.ResultsScreened 417 soldiers, all were men and body mass index were 21.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2. They smoke 0.5 ± 0.1 pack years while consume alcohol 32 ± 3 units/week and were having 100/min average daily moderate physical activity. Eight of them (0.2%) were having essential hypertension, 4 (0.1%) of them were having diabetes mellitus. Blood cholesterol was within normal range. CKD unknown etiology (CKDu) prevalence among screened army soldiers was 0.009. All were from native army recruits. Further, 71.2% had MRSA colonization. In a group of middle aged army recruits, despite tobacco smoking and moderate level of alcohol consumption while continuously having healthy dietary practices with physical activities would leads to low prevalence of communicable diseases. Further, compared to native group of solders, visitors but living long time recruits CKDu incidence is zero.
A novel LC–MS method using collagen marker peptides for species identification of glue applicable to samples with multiple animal origins
Authors: Kumazawa Yuki , Taga Yuki , Takashima Miho , Hattori Shunji 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Animal glues derived from collagen-rich tissue are widely used as adhesives and binders in artworks. Identification of the animal source of glue is important not only to understand the artistic technique and historical background, but also to conduct appropriate treatment for restoration and conservation of artworks. Recently, mass spectrometric approaches have been used for species identification of glue. However, it appears that the existing methods were not applied to samples containing multiple animal sources, and the range of target species has been limited because of incomplete sequence information of collagen in public databases. In the present study, we established a novel method for discrimination of glues from eight animals applicable to samples with multiple animal origins. Trypsin-digested glue samples were analyzed by LC–MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode, and the animal source was determined based on the detection patterns of 12 type I collagen-derived marker peptides. Using the database-independent method, we successfully identified the animal source of commercial products and found the declared species for some glues to be incorrect. In addition, some products were identified to contain two different animal origins. Relative abundance of the animal origins in several impure glues was estimated using the marker peptides, which helped to speculate the reason for the detection of multiple species. We analyzed a painting (The Harvest by Camille Pissarro, 1882) and clarified that glues used in the ground and size layers of the canvas were derived from cattle (~ 65%) and sheep (~ 35%).
Automated Extraction of Grade, Stage, and Quality Information From Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Pathology Reports Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Glaser Alexander P. , Jordan Brian J. , Cohen Jason , Desai Anuj , Silberman Philip , Meeks Joshua J. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Bladder cancer is initially diagnosed and staged with a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Patient survival is dependent on appropriate sampling of layers of the bladder, but pathology reports are dictated as free text, making large-scale data extraction for quality improvement challenging. We sought to automate extraction of stage, grade, and quality information from TURBT pathology reports using natural language processing (NLP). Methods Patients undergoing TURBT were retrospectively identified using the Northwestern Enterprise Data Warehouse. An NLP algorithm was then created to extract information from free-text pathology reports and was iteratively improved using a training set of manually reviewed TURBTs. NLP accuracy was then validated using another set of manually reviewed TURBTs, and reliability was calculated using Cohen’s κ. Results Of 3,042 TURBTs identified from 2006 to 2016, 39% were classified as benign, 35% as Ta, 11% as T1, 4% as T2, and 10% as isolated carcinoma in situ. Of 500 randomly selected manually reviewed TURBTs, NLP correctly staged 88% of specimens (κ = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.86). Of 272 manually reviewed T1 tumors, NLP correctly categorized grade in 100% of tumors (κ = 1), correctly categorized if muscularis propria was reported by the pathologist in 98% of tumors (κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.99), and correctly categorized if muscularis propria was present or absent in the resection specimen in 82% of tumors (κ = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.73). Discrepancy analysis revealed pathologist notes and deeper resection specimens as frequent reasons for NLP misclassifications. Conclusion We developed an NLP algorithm that demonstrates a high degree of reliability in extracting stage, grade, and presence of muscularis propria from TURBT pathology reports. Future iterations can continue to improve performance, but automated extraction of oncologic information is promising in improving quality and assisting physicians in delivery of care.
Analysis ofMDM2Amplification: Next-Generation Sequencing of Patients With Diverse Malignancies
Authors: Kato Shumei , Ross Jeffrey S. , Gay Laurie , Dayyani Farshid , Roszik Jason , Subbiah Vivek , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: July 2018

PurposeMDM2 amplification can promote tumorigenesis directly or indirectly through p53 inhibition. MDM2 has increasing clinical relevance because inhibitors are under evaluation in clinical trials, and MDM2 amplification is a possible genomic correlate of accelerated progression, known as hyperprogression, after anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to ascertain MDM2 amplification status across a large number of diverse cancers.MethodsWe interrogated the molecular profiles of 102,878 patients with diverse malignancies for MDM2 amplification and co-altered genes using clinical-grade NGS (182 to 465 genes).ResultsMDM2 amplification occurred in 3.5% of patients (3,650 of 102,878). The majority of tumor types had a small subset of patients with MDM2 amplification. Most of these patients (99.0% [3,613/3,650]) had co-alterations that accompanied MDM2 amplification. Various pathways, including those related to tyrosine kinase (37.9% [1,385 of 3,650]), PI3K signaling (25.4% [926 of 3,650]), TP53 (24.9% [910 of 3,650]), and MAPK signaling (23.6% [863 of 3,650]), were involved. Although infrequent, mismatch repair genes and PD-L1 amplification also were co-altered (2.2% [79 of 3,650]). Most patients (97.6% [3,563 of 3,650]) had one or more co-alterations potentially targetable with either a Food and Drug Administration–approved or investigational agent. MDM2 amplifications were less frequently associated with high tumor mutation burden compared with the MDM2 wild-type population (2.9% v 6.5%; P < .001). An illustrative patient who harbored MDM2 amplification and experienced hyperprogression with an immune checkpoint inhibitor is presented.ConclusionMDM2 amplification was found in 3.5% of 102,878 patients, 97.6% of whom harbored genomic co-alterations that were potentially targetable. This study suggests that a small subset of most tumor types have MDM2 amplification as well as pharmacologically tractable co-alterations.