bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative bleeding outcome of fresh frozen plasma prime in pediatric cardiac surgery: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Kesumarini Dian , Widyastuti Yunita , Boom Cindy Elfira , Laurentius Andrea , Dinarti Lucia Kris 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Bleeding after cardiac surgeries holds risk of mortality and morbidity in pediatrics. This systematic review aimed to evaluate postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) priming. Methods In 2024, the search reviewed four databases on randomized trials (RCTs) examining the impact of FFP prime intervention on 24-h postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in pediatric cardiac surgeries. The journals were appraised using Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation checklists, and random effects models estimated the effect size with a 95% confidence interval. Significance and study heterogeneity were indicated by p-values and I2. Results Of the screened 2070 articles, one high-quality and four moderate-quality RCTs involving 354 children were identified. No significant reduction in 24-h mean postoperative blood loss was found following FFP priming (mean difference MD: −0.78, 95% CI [-3.3 to 1.75], p = .55) in general pediatric cardiac surgeries. However, subgroup analysis showed significant decrease in blood loss for younger children (<7 months) or those with lower body weight (<6 kg). There was no significant difference between groups in FFP (MD: −0.19, 95% CI [-0.42 to 0.05], p = .13) or red blood cell transfusion (MD: −0.25, 95% CI [-0.51 to 0.02], p = .07). Conclusion Administering FFP as prime fluid in cardiac surgery did not reduce postoperative bleeding in general pediatric patients, but younger children (<7 months) and those with lower weight (<6 kg) were the subjects who benefited from the FFP priming before surgery.
A retrospective cohort study on the association between nutritional status and prognosis in COVID-19 patients with severe and critical infection
Authors: Gou Shuangyun , Tang Dan , Li Weiyi , Qiu Yu , Xu Xiaoping , Yang Li , Jiang Li 
Published: November 2024

Objective To evaluate the relationship between nutritional scoring systems, nutritional support methods, and the prognosis of severe and critically ill patients infected with the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Patients with confirmed Omicron variant severe and critical COVID-19, who were admitted to Chongqing Medical University First Hospital between December 2022 and January 2023, were enrolled into this retrospective study. Clinical data of patients who survived for 28 days were compared with those who died during the same period. Nutritional status was assessed using the 2002 Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) tool and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Factors influencing patient mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and the relationship between patient nutrition and mortality as the disease progressed was illustrated using Kaplan–Meier curves. The study was registered on the ChiCTR platform (No. ChiCTR2300067595). Results A total of 508 patients were included (349 survivors and 159 non-survivors). Significant differences were found in sex, age, NRS score, PNI score, albumin level, lymphocyte count, chronic comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, neutrophil count, procalcitonin, and platelet count between survivors and non-survivors. Multivariate analysis revealed that high NRS score (OR 3.87, 95% CI, 1.97, 7.63), fourth-level nutritional support (combined enteral and parenteral nutrition; OR 7.89, 95% CI, 1.32, 47.28), chronic comorbidities (OR 4.03, 95% CI, 1.91, 8.51), and mechanical ventilation (OR 6.03, 95% CI, 3, 12.13) were risk factors for mortality (OR > 1). The malnutrition rate among patients with NRS ≥ 3 was 41.93%. The median (interquartile range) PNI score was 38.20 (35.65, 41.25) for survivors versus 32.65 (29.65, 36.58) for non-survivors. The mortality rate was higher in patients with high nutritional risk within 28 days of hospitalization. The descending order for mortality rate in patients receiving different nutritional support was: dual parenteral and enteral nutrition, no nutritional intervention, single enteral nutrition, and single parenteral nutrition. Conclusion A high proportion of severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 experience malnutrition, and various factors are associated with their prognosis. High nutritional risk is significantly related to patient mortality. Early assessment using NRS or PNI is crucial for these patients, and personalized interventions should be implemented to improve overall nutritional status, maintain organ function, and enhance the body’s antiviral defence.
Research status of thermal conductivity in copper-carbon composite materials
Authors: Chang Hong-xu , Bai Liang , Sun Li-wei , Wang Dan-yang , Liu Jing-shun , Li Ze 
Published: November 2024

With the advent of the 5G era, thermal management materials for electronic packaging are evolving towards high thermal conductivity, good thermal expansion matching, low density, and integrated functional structures. Copper-carbon composite materials, leveraging the advantages of copper such as high strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as the excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of carbon materials, have become one of the focal points in thermal management material research. This article provides an overview of the research progress on copper-carbon composite materials, highlighting the characteristics of different carbon materials (Diamond, Carbon nanotubes, Graphene, Graphite flakes, Graphite films, Carbon fibers) in combination with copper, as well as the preparation methods for copper-carbon composites. At present, the thermal conductivity can be increased to more than 600 W/(m·K), and the preparation method is hot pressing sintering. It discusses the main issues and control methods encountered in the preparation and application of copper-carbon composites and presents prospects for the future development of these materials, offering references for the research and preparation of copper-carbon composites.
Exploring variations in subjective well-being among Norwegian retirees: A growth mixture modelling approach
Authors: Bauger Lars 
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study aimed to identify subgroups of Norwegian retirees with similar trajectories of subjective well-being (SWB) across the retirement transition and to explore how various factors influence these SWB trajectories. Methods: The study employed growth mixture modelling to analyze longitudinal data, exploring the trajectories of life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect in retirement transition. It also examined the influence of factors such as demographic, living arrangement, pre-retirement work conditions, individual characteristics and available resources on these SWB trajectories. Results: Contrary to the hypothesised three distinct SWB trajectories in retirement, the results more strongly support a single group solution for life satisfaction and positive affect. For negative affect, a two-group solution, consisting of one group with stable low and another with stable high negative affect, was preferred. The study identified several predictors of SWB trajectories. Conclusions: The findings suggest that retirement is a neutral life event with stable SWB trajectories. However, several factors significantly influence whether retirees experience higher or lower SWB in retirement. The findings of this study provide updated insights into the heterogeneity of the retirement experience, as well as highlight important factors for retirement SWB.
Trend of Pediatric Tracheostomy in Taiwan: A Population-Based Survey from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Kang Kun-Tai , Lee Chia-Hsuan , Lin Che-Yi , Hsu Wei-Chung 
Published: November 2024

Background The outcomes of recent advancements in pediatric tracheostomy remain unclear. This study was conducted to identify the trends in pediatric tracheostomy in Taiwan. Methods This population-based survey was conducted using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified inpatients younger than 18 years who had undergone tracheostomy in Taiwan between 2000 and 2019. The study period was divided into subperiods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019). We analyzed patient characteristics and trends related to age, gender, hospital level, surgical indications, hospital stay duration, and mortality rates. The trends were analyzed for all pediatric patients (age <18 years) and infants (age <1 year). Results This study included 2465 pediatric patients (mean age: 8.7 ± 6.9 years; boys: 64%). The incidence of pediatric tracheostomy decreased from 3.3 events per 100,000 individuals in 2000 to 2.1 events per 100,000 individuals in 2019 ( P for trend < .001). The proportion of infants who received tracheostomy increased from 22.8% in 2000-2004 to 32.5% in 2015-2019 ( P for trend = .06). The proportion of pediatric patients who received tracheostomy at medical centers increased and those at regional hospitals or district hospitals decreased (74.7%-81.0% vs 25.3%-19.0%, P for trend = .003). The proportion of pediatric patients with trauma or brain injury as a surgical indication decreased from 36.6% to 28.7% ( P for trend = .001). The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stays increased from 30 days in 2000-2004 to 50 days in 2015-2019 ( P for trend < .001), and that of hospital stay increased from 58 days in 2000-2004 to 71 days in 2015-2019 ( P for trend = .001). The 5-year mortality rate slightly decreased from 38.0% in 2000-2004 to 33.3% in 2005-2009 and 31.0% in 2010-2014 ( P for trend = .006). Conclusions Our findings revealed that during the study period, the number of pediatric patients receiving tracheostomy decreased, but the proportion of infants receiving tracheostomy increased. The trends in pediatric tracheostomy indicated extended ICU stay, prolonged hospital stay, and reduced 5-year mortality rates.
The Effectiveness of Digital Health Lifestyle Interventions on Weight Loss in People With Prediabetes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Fredensborg Holm Tanja , Udsen Flemming Witt , Giese Iben Engelbrecht , Færch Kristine , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Hangaard Stine 
Published: November 2024

Background: Digital health lifestyle interventions (DHLI) may offer scalable solutions to manage prediabetes in clinical practice; however, their effectiveness on people with prediabetes has not been systematically investigated and reviewed. Hence, in this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression the effectiveness of DHLI on prediabetes-related outcomes was investigated. Methods: Four databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of DHLI on adults with prediabetes published before 23 February 2024. The primary outcome was the change in body weight, with secondary outcomes including, among others, glycemic status, body composition, and feasibility outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted to provide overall effect estimates of outcomes. In addition, meta-regressions on the primary outcome were conducted. The study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 33 studies were included (n = 14 398). The study duration ranged from 3 to 60 months. The digital interventions varied from in-person meetings combined with pedometers and telephone calls to fully digital interventions. The overall estimated treatment difference in change in body weight favored the intervention (mean difference: -1.74 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.37, -1.11; P < .01) with moderate certainty. Statistically significant overall effect estimates favoring the intervention were also found for secondary outcomes with very low to moderate certainty. Conclusion: Digital health lifestyle interventions can result in statistically significant change in body weight and other secondary outcomes among people with prediabetes.
Effects of Probiotic Therapy on Periodontal and Peri-implant Treatments: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Mendonça C. , Marques D. , Silveira J. , Marques J. , de Souza R.F. , Mata A. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal treatment is related to patient- and tooth-related factors. To overcome the limitations of the conventional approach, probiotics are one of the adjunct therapies that have been studied. Objectives: This umbrella review answered the focused question: in adult patients with periodontal diseases or peri-implant diseases, does the use of probiotic therapy as an adjuvant to nonsurgical periodontal treatment when compared with nonsurgical periodontal treatment alone affect treatment effectiveness and clinical disease parameters? Methods: A systematic electronic search to identify systematic reviews according to PICOS criteria, defined a priori, was used, and 5 electronic databases were searched (Medline, LILACS, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and DANS EASY). Included systematic reviews were rated using quality assessment tools by 2 independent reviewers. Results: Thirty systematic reviews were identified evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics in periodontal and peri-implant disease treatment. A quantitative analysis of the results was not possible due to the high heterogeneity of clinical data. Seventeen of 31 reviews reported clinically relevant benefits of probiotic therapy as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning. Twenty-two reviews had a low risk of bias, 7 had a moderate risk, and 2 had a high risk. Conclusion: The evidence from the available studies is conflicting, which means that no definitive conclusions can be made about the effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjuvant to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. High-quality primary research studies are needed that control for known confounding variables. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This umbrella review provides some evidence regarding the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, despite some equivocal findings. However, short-term probiotic use alongside therapy appears to be advantageous; there is currently no evidence supporting their long-term benefits. We have also identified that probiotic research is primarily constrained by its origins in gastrointestinal applications, resulting in a lack of approved probiotics for dental use. This review highlights the need for extensive clinical research to ascertain their effectiveness in the oral environment. Nevertheless, the utilization of probiotics alongside periodontal treatment seems safe, with no reported adverse effects in patients. Thus, further clinical validations in oral health care settings are crucial.
Investigating racial differences in mortality and survival outcomes following radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Abraish , Siddiqui Samia Shaukat , Malik Ghulam Mustafa Ali , Shah Muhammad Shahmeer Ullah , Batool Farwa , Asif Maheen , Ali Yusuf Hasan , Ashraf Saad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Notable variations in cancer rates, survival rates, mortality exist among certain populations in the US. We aim to examine how prostate cancer prognosis differs among black and white men from various ethnic backgrounds undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive search across MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 2023 for observational studies including black and white men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Outcomes of interest included either overall survival, prostate cancer survival, biochemical recurrence, or all-cause mortality. Studies were pooled using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1.

Results
In patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly greater in blacks in comparison to whites ([HR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.12–1.21; I2 = 51%; p < 0.00001). Pooled analysis shows higher rate of prostate-specific mortality in blacks treated compared to whites ([HR]: 1.08, 95% CI 0.86–1.37; I2 = 81%; p = 0.50). The risk of biochemical recurrence was significantly higher in blacks undergoing radical prostatectomy than in whites (HR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.11–1.45; I2 = 58%; p = 0.0007). On regional subgroup analysis, the mid-west and multi-institutional centers revealed a higher rate of biochemical recurrence in blacks than in whites. No significant difference was noted between blacks and whites for overall survival.

Conclusions
Our research demonstrated elevated rates of all-cause mortality, prostate-specific mortality, and biochemical recurrence, with no significant differences in overall survival between blacks and whites. Further research is warranted to assess ethnic and geographic differences at a large scale.
Oceanic islands act as drivers for the genetic diversity of marine species: Cardita calyculata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the NE Atlantic as a case-study
Authors: Sinigaglia Livia , Baptista L , Alves C , Feldmann F , Sacchetti C , Rupprecht C , Vijayan T , Martín-González E , Ávila SP , Santos AM , Curto M , Meimberg H 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeographic distribution, as well as evolutionary and biogeographic processes and patterns of marine invertebrate benthic species are strongly shaped by dispersal ability during the life cycle. Remote oceanic islands lie at the brink of complex biotic and abiotic interactions which have significantly influenced the biodiversity patterns we see today. The interaction between geological environmental change and taxon-specific dispersal modes can influence species evolutionary patterns, eventually delimiting species-specific biogeographic regions. In this study, we compare the population genetic patterns of the marine bivalve Cardita calyculata in the northeast Atlantic, discussing the role of Macaronesian islands during past climatic cycles. The genetic structure and diversity patterns were outlined based on SSR-GBAS loci of 165 individuals and on the mitochondrial COI marker of 22 individuals from the Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores and the Mediterranean. The highly structured genetic pattern found among regions and within archipelagos suggests the central role of oceanic islands in promoting the divergence of the species in both the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The high degree of divergence in the COI dataset (> 7%) suggests the existence of potential cryptic speciation that needs to be further explored with a more comprehensive sampling. Such patterns are only congruent with a scenario where C. calyculata populations were maintained during glacial/interglacial cycles, supporting the role of the studied archipelagos as drivers of diversity for marine biota. We stress the importance of developing studies for species with various life history and dispersal modes. In such a way, a more profound understanding of the biogeographic and evolutionary significance of oceanic islands can catalyse directed conservation efforts, especially in the context of the ongoing climate crisis.
Prolonged outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment: frequency and evolution over a six-year period in a Swiss University Hospital
Authors: A. Munting , J. Damas , L. Arensdorff , M. Cavassini , S. de Vallière 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging research indicates the potential for early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy in certain infections. This trend may have implications for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programs, as the demand for prolonged intravenous treatment could decrease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and evolution of OPAT courses of ≥ 14 days over the years and determine the medical justification for those prolonged treatments.

Methods
All patients treated intravenously for ≥ 14 days by the OPAT program at Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, between 2017 and 2022 were included in the study. Data were extracted from a prospectively established OPAT database. Prevalence of prolonged antibiotic treatment and its clinical and microbiological information were identified.

Results
During the study period, a total of 2,448 treatment courses were administered: 1,636 intravenous (IV) and 812 oral treatments. Of the IV treatments courses, 749 (36%) were of a duration of ≥ 14 days, without discernible trend over the 6-year study period. The most common type of infections needing prolonged treatment were bone and joint infections (31%), endovascular infections (18%), complicated intra-abdominal infections (15%), and urinary tract infections (11%), with only minor fluctuations in these proportions during the study period. Finally, the use of second-line antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and vancomycin) did not increase over the years, suggesting that prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy is not linked to an increase of anti-microbial resistance in our cohort.

Conclusions
Despite the general trend towards shorter intravenous treatment courses in infectious diseases, our OPAT unit did not observe a decline in the use of prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy between 2017 and 2022, suggesting that OPAT units will probably not see a decrease in their activities in the near future.
Effectiveness of behaviour change techniques in lifestyle interventions for non-communicable diseases: an umbrella review
Authors: Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Singh Ankur , Choksomngam Yanee , Sadana Vidhi , Kock Loren , Wattanapisit Apichai , Wiwatkunupakarn Nutchar , Kinra Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
To identify the most commonly reviewed behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and their effectiveness based on consistency across reviews for lifestyle interventions of non-communicable diseases.

Design
Umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Data sources
PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Global Health.

Data extraction and synthesis
A narrative synthesis of extracted findings was conducted. The Behaviour Change Technique v1 Taxonomy was used to identify and code behaviour change techniques (e.g., goal setting) in a standardised manner, which were independently assessed by two reviewers. Study quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the assessment of multiple systematic review tools.

Results
26 reviews were included with a total of 72 BCT labels evaluated across the different lifestyle interventions and non-communicable diseases. A total of 13 BCT clusters were identified to be reported as effective. The most commonly reviewed BCTs and their effectiveness/ineffectiveness were as follows: ‘Goals and Planning’ (12 effective/1 ineffective), ‘Feedback and monitoring’ (9 effective/3 ineffective), ‘Social support’ (9 effective/1 ineffective), ‘Shaping knowledge’ (11 effective/1 ineffective), and ‘Natural consequences’ (6 effectiveness/ 2 ineffective). The vast majority of the studies were conducted in high-income and a few in upper middle-income countries, with hardly any studies from lower middle-income and lower income studies.

Conclusion
The most common BCTs were ‘Goals and Planning’, ‘Feedback and Monitoring’, ‘Shaping Knowledge’, ‘Social Support’, and ‘Natural Consequence’. Based on consistency across reviews, several BCTs such as ‘Goals and Planning’, Feedback and Monitoring’, ‘Shaping Knowledge’, and ‘Social Support’ have demonstrated effectiveness (Recommendation Grade A) in improving health behaviours across a limited range of NCDs. The evidence is less clear for other BCT techniques. It is also likely that not all BCTs will be transferable across different settings. There is a need for more research in this area, especially in low-middle-income countries.

Protocol registration
Registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; PROSPERO (CRD42020222832).