bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample
Authors: Mazefsky Carla A. , Yu Lan , White Susan W. , Siegel Matthew , Pilkonis Paul A. 
Published: April 2018

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with prominent emotion dysregulation that requires treatment but can be difficult to measure. The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was created using methods developed by the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) to capture observable indicators of poor emotion regulation. Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed 66 candidate EDI items, and the final 30 items were selected based on classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) analyses. The analyses identified two factors: (a) Reactivity, characterized by intense, rapidly escalating, sustained, and poorly regulated negative emotional reactions, and (b) Dysphoria, characterized by anhedonia, sadness, and nervousness. The final items did not show differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender, age, intellectual ability, or verbal ability. Because the final items were calibrated using IRT, even a small number of items offers high precision, minimizing respondent burden. IRT co‐calibration of the EDI with related measures demonstrated its superiority in assessing the severity of emotion dysregulation with as few as seven items. Validity of the EDI was supported by expert review, its association with related constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression symptoms, aggression), higher scores in psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to a community ASD sample, and demonstration of test‐retest stability and sensitivity to change. In sum, the EDI provides an efficient and sensitive method to measure emotion dysregulation for clinical assessment, monitoring, and research in youth with ASD of any level of cognitive or verbal ability.Autism Res2018, 11: 928–941. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis paper describes a new measure of poor emotional control called the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI). Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed candidate items, and advanced statistical techniques were applied to identify the best final items. The EDI is unique because it captures common emotional problems in ASD and is appropriate for both nonverbal and verbal youth. It is an efficient and sensitive measure for use in clinical assessments, monitoring, and research with youth with ASD.
Site‐Specific Incorporation of Chemical Fluorescence on Live Enterovirus‐71 Virion by Using an Organometallic Palladium Reagent To Monitor Virus Entry
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Liu Jingwei , Cao Lin , Wang Wenjing , Sun Yuna , Yin Zheng , Lou Zhiyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImaging live virus to monitor the viral entry process is essential to understand virus–host interactions during pathogen infection. However, methods for efficient labeling of live viruses, in particular labeling non‐enveloped viruses and tracing virus entry processes, remain limited. Recently, labeling by using organometallic palladium reagents has provided a highly efficient and selective way to bioconjugate cysteines of virus proteins. Here, site‐specific bioorthogonal labeling mediated by an organometallic palladium reagent on the surface of live enterovirus‐71 (EV71) was used to visualize its entry into live cells. In contrast to currently used immunofluorescence and membrane‐anchored dyes, this site‐specific and quantitative labeling of live EV71 allows temporal imaging of its entry into host cell membranes on the timescale of seconds with little negative impact on its virulence. This method revealed details of EV71 virus entry and has broad applicability for monitoring virus entry that is difficult to assess by using conventional protein‐labeling approaches.
Eph/ephrin family anchored on exosome facilitate communications between cells
Authors: Zhao Yao , Yin Lingyu , Zhang Haoliang , Lan Ting , Li Shibao , Ma Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInteractions of Ephrins and Eph receptors at cell membranes play crucial role in boundary formation and axon guidance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are formed by cells communicating with each other in paracrine or endocrine manner. Until now, it is thought that direct cell–cell contact is necessary for ephrin and Eph receptor signal transduction. In this review, we discuss recent data that indicate the existence of a novel Eph‐ephrin family anchored exosome signaling pathway in long‐range intercellular communication and provide evidence that this type of signaling elicits cellular responses in cancer cells, independent of juxtacrine interactions. We emphasize that exosome‐anchored Eph/ephrin involves a variety of biological processes and transduction signals, which may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker.
Breath of relief: apparent pulmonary nodule due to heterotopic ossification
Authors: Abston Eric , Novaco Robert , Hon Stephanie , Scalera Jonathan , Steiling Katrina 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageExtrapulmonary heterotopic ossification appears similarly to pulmonary nodules on CXR, and is in the differential for pulmonary nodules. It occurs following the bone trauma, and in early stages appears similarly to tumors. Heterotopic ossification is diagnosed by its calcification pattern via MRI or ultrasound and managed conservatively unless symptoms develop.
Spontaneous regression of metastatic squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Ariza‐Prota Miguel , Martínez Cristina , Casan Pere 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneous regression (SR) of cancer is a rare but confirmed spectacular phenomenon, and it is even rarer in the context of advanced NSCLC. It is essential to understand this phenomenon in order to elucidate the nature of neoplastic disease and develop new treatment methods.
Expedient Synthesis of N‐Methyl‐ and N‐Alkylamines by Reductive Amination using Reusable Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Senthamarai Thirusangumurugan , Murugesan Kathiravan , Natte Kishore , Kalevaru Narayana V. , Neumann Helfried , Kamer Paul C. J. , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 6/2018 is provided by the Leibniz‐Institute für Katalyse e. V. (Germany). The image shows the reductive amination reaction using cobalt nanocatalysts to synthesize various N‐methyl and N‐alkylamines. This Co‐based amination process enables the preparation of selected drugs used to treat brain disorders and for other life science applications. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701617.
Effects of L‐Serine and L‐Proline on Crystallization Kinetics of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate
Authors: Gencaslan Aybala , Sayan Perviz , Titiz-Sargut Sibel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystallization was investigated in a mixed‐suspension mixed‐product removal (MSMPR)‐type crystallizer in the presence of the amino acids L‐serine and L‐proline as additives. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis were applied for characterization of the crystals obtained. CPPD crystals obtained in pure media consisted of aggregated particles which included plate‐like structures and rod‐shaped crystals. However, it was observed that agglomeration and breakage tendency on CPPD crystals obtained in the presence of amino acids were remarkable. The population balance equation for CPPD crystals was resolved with numerical analysis considering aggregation and breakage steps. The predominant mechanism was the breakage for CPPD crystallization in the presence of amino acids.
Measurement and Analysis of Dynamic Impedance Spectra Acquired During the Oscillatory Electrodissolution of p‐Type Silicon in Fluoride‐Containing Electrolytes
Authors: Koster Dominique , Patzauer Maximilian , Salman Munir M. , Battistel Alberto , Krischer Katharina , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing dynamic multifrequency analysis (DMFA), we investigated the oscillatory reaction dynamics that govern the anodic electrodissolution of p‐type silicon in fluoride‐containing electrolytes, in which the anodization of silicon is followed by the chemical etching of the oxide layer. By applying a constant voltage to the silicon electrode, stable oscillations are found in the presence of an external resistance. The dynamic impedance spectra acquired through DMFA were fitted to a suitable electrical equivalent circuit. In doing so, it was possible to investigate the temporal evolution of the kinetic parameters throughout the formation and dissolution of the silicon oxide.
Biological Evaluation and X‐ray Co‐crystal Structures of Cyclohexylpyrrolidine Ligands for Trypanothione Reductase, an Enzyme from the Redox Metabolism of Trypanosoma
Authors: De Gasparo Raoul , Brodbeck‐Persch Elke , Bryson Steve , Hentzen Nina B. , Kaiser Marcel , Pai Emil F. , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Diederich François 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe tropical diseases human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and the various forms of leishmaniasis are caused by parasites of the family of trypanosomatids. These protozoa possess a unique redox metabolism based on trypanothione and trypanothione reductase (TR), making TR a promising drug target. We report the optimization of properties and potency of cyclohexylpyrrolidine inhibitors of TR by structure‐based design. The best inhibitors were freely soluble and showed competitive inhibition constants (Ki) against Trypanosoma (T.) brucei TR and T. cruzi TR and in vitro activities (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50) against these parasites in the low micromolar range, with high selectivity against human glutathione reductase. X‐ray co‐crystal structures confirmed the binding of the ligands to the hydrophobic wall of the “mepacrine binding site” with the new, solubility‐providing vectors oriented toward the surface of the large active site.
Testicular Cancer in Children
Authors: EXELBY PHILIP R. 
Published: April 2018

Management of testis cancer in children differs from that in adults due to the histological types and varying tolerances to chemotherapy agents.Embryonal adrenocarcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor, Teilum's tumor) is a tumor of infancy and young children and less aggressive than other testis cancers. Most cases require only orchiectomy for cure.Embryonal carcinoma is seen in older children and is managed by orchiectomy, regional node dissection, and chemotherapy according to stage.Teratocarcinoma is seen in older age groups. In the young children, as rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma are often present. Intensive multidisciplinary treatment is required in management.Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the distalcord requires pelvic and retroperitoneal node dissection in addition to orchiectomy. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy help to produce high cure rates in these tumors.Details of the treatment of these histological types and results of treatment will be presented.
Moving toward a true depiction of tobacco behavior among Asian Indians in California: Prevalence and factors associated with cultural smokeless tobacco product use
Authors: Mukherjea Arnab , Modayil Mary V. , Tong Elisa K. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDAsian Indians (AIs) in the United States exhibit disproportionate burdens of oral cancer and cardiovascular disease, which are potentially linked to smokeless tobacco. However, little is known about the use of cultural smokeless tobacco (CST) products in this population.METHODSCalifornia Asian Indian Tobacco Use Survey data from 2004 (n = 1618) were used to investigate CST prevalence among California's AIs. CST products included paan, paan masala, and gutka. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine factors (socioeconomic status, acculturation measures, and religious affiliation) associated with current CST use versus never use.RESULTSThe current CST prevalence was 13.0% (14.0% for men and 11.8% for women). In contrast, the prevalence of current cigarette use was 5.5% (8.7% for men and 1.9% for women), and the prevalence was lower for cultural smoked tobacco (0.1% for bidis and 0.5% for hookahs). Factors associated with CST use included the following: being male, being 50 years old or older, being an immigrant, speaking an AI language at home, having a higher level of education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for high school/some college, 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐6.5; AOR for college degree or higher, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.7‐9.5), having a higher income (AOR for $75,000‐$100,000, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.7; AOR for ≥$100,000, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.0), identifying as non‐Sikh (AOR for Hinduism, 10.0; 95% CI, 6.0‐16.5; AOR for other faiths, 10.2; 95% CI, 5.9‐17.7), and disagreeing that spiritual beliefs are the foundation of life (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2‐3.5).CONCLUSIONSThe current CST prevalence is relatively high among California's AIs in comparison with the prevalence of smoking, with narrower differences between sexes. The association with a higher socioeconomic status is contrary to typical cigarette smoking patterns. Acculturation and religious affiliation are important factors associated with current use. Health care providers and policymakers should consider such determinants for targeted interventions. Cancer 2018;124:1607‐13. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
The Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training (AANCART)'s contributions toward reducing Asian American cancer health disparities, 2000‐2017
Authors: Chen Moon S. , Chow Edward A. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDIn 2000 and in 2 subsequent 5‐year cycles, the National Cancer Institute funded grantees on a regional and national basis to address community needs for cancer awareness, research, and training. The Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research and Training (AANCART) is fortunate to have been funded since 2000 to focus on mitigating cancer health disparities facing Asian Americans residing primarily in California and Hawaii. This article highlights AANCART's achievements with respect to the original specific aims and unanticipated outcomes in its most recent funded cycle.METHODSSources included reports to the National Cancer Institute and peer‐reviewed articles as well as the insights of the 3 principal investigators.RESULTSAll aims of the original application (infrastructure, outreach, research, and training) were attained or exceeded. Most distinctive was the completion and publication of 8 randomized controlled trials to address Asian American cancer health disparities and its nurture of 14 new and early stage investigators who have been productive in terms of research career trajectories.CONCLUSIONSAANCART is contributing to mitigating Asian American cancer health disparities by catalyzing academic and community collaborations that have resulted in linguistically specific and culturally tailored educational products, scientifically rigorous interventions addressed at cancer risk factors, and nurturing new and early stage Asian American cancer investigators. Cancer 2018;124:1527‐34. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Stereochemistry (and Conformation) of Nucleosides and Their Synthetic Precursors by Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Taniguchi Tohru , Nakano Kie , Monde Kenji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe chemistry of artificial nucleosides is associated with the difficulties in the characterization of the stereochemistry and conformation of their furanose ring moiety. This unit describes how to use vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy to identify the three‐dimensional structure of nucleosides. The experimental part of this protocol is dedicated to obtain a VCD spectrum of a sample with high S/N ratio. The computational part generally starts with a conformational search using molecular mechanics and the following structural optimization by density functional theory calculation. Then, theoretical VCD spectra of stable conformers are calculated and averaged on the basis of their Boltzmann population. Finally, the obtained experimental and theoretical VCD spectra are compared qualitatively or quantitatively. The agreement between these spectra leads to determination of the stereochemistry of the studied molecule. This protocol may also be useful for analyzing the conformation of nucleosides. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fixation and Laser Capture Microdissection of Plant Tissue for RNA Extraction and RNASeq Library Preparation
Authors: Chavan Suchitra , Schnabel Elise , Saski Christopher , Frugoli Julia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn order to study the transcriptome of individual plant cells at specific points in time, we developed protocols for fixation, embedding, and sectioning of plant tissue followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and processing for RNA recovery. LCM allows the isolation of individual cell types from heterogeneous tissue sections and is particularly suited to plant processing because it does not require the breakdown of cell walls. This approach allows accurate separation of a small volume of cells that can be used to study gene expression profiles in different tissues or cell layers. The technique does not require separation of cells by enzymatic digestion of any kind, does not require cell‐specific reporter genes, and allows storage of fixed and embedded tissue for months before capture. The methods for fixation, embedding, sectioning, and capture of plant cells that we describe yield high‐quality RNA suitable for making libraries for RNASeq. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Efficient Agrobacterium‐Mediated Transformation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Production of Transgenic Microtubers
Authors: Craze Melanie , Bates Ruth , Bowden Sarah , Wallington Emma J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe following method enables the rapid production of transgenic potato plants and microtubers for gene validation and expression, or promoter studies. The method is highly efficient, with reproducible transformation efficiencies of at least 50% to 60% with potato cv. Desiree, and can produce transgenic microtubers within 6 months of initiation of the experiment. Microtubers are produced in the absence of hormones, giving an in vitro gene testing system broadly analogous to the natural state. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Intracerebral Microdialysis Studies to Determine Unbound Extracellular Fluid Drug Concentrations in Discrete Areas of the Brain
Authors: Durk Matthew R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntracerebral microdialysis is a powerful technique for quantifying unbound brain extracellular fluid concentrations of drugs and drug candidates over time in live, conscious, freely moving animals. The results provide crucial information on the brain penetrance of the administered agent. This unit details the surgical procedures, study planning and execution, and data analysis required for a brain microdialysis study following intravenous infusion of a test substance to steady state. The accumulated data makes possible the determination of the area under the concentration–time curve ratio and steady‐state concentration ratio for unbound compound in rat brain extracellular fluid as compared to that in plasma (Kpu,u). In vitro determination of the compound recovery from the probe, a critical parameter in a microdialysis study, is considered as well. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The tree height‐related spatial variances of tree sap flux density and its scale‐up to stand transpiration in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhao Ping , Zhao Xiuhua , Zhou Juan , Zhao Peiqiang , Zeng Xiaomin , Hu Yanting , Ouyang Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe sap flux method generates problems when it is applied in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. In this study, 6 dominant species in such a forest were selected to investigate the spatial variances on the stem and individual variances within the forest. The sap flux density (Fd) at 20–40 and 40–60 mm of the xylem for the upper canopy species (Schima superba, Castanea henryi, and Machilus chinensis) accounted 18–60% and 16–37%, respectively, of that at 0–20 mm. For the lower canopy species (Ilex ficoidea, Symplocos ramosissima, and Schefflera octophylla), the highest Fd occurred at 20–40 mm. Tree height (H) was closely related to the radial variances of sap flux in the xylem. Vertically, the mean Fd increased with tree height among different species (p < .01). On this basis, the proportion of mean whole tree transpiration for the 6 tree species was 37.10% (S. superba), 17.73% (C. henryi), 7.15% (M. chinensis), 15.88% (I. ficoidea), 17.36% (S. ramosissima), and 4.76% (S. octophylla). The annual stand transpiration for the 6 tree species was estimated of 366.4 mm. The observed distinct stratification of the water flux that highly related to their importance for different tree species revealed the critical role of tree water use in determining the development of vegetation succession.
Water storage dynamics across different types of vegetated patches in rocky highlands of central Argentina
Authors: Poca María , Cingolani Ana M. , Gurvich Diego E. , Saur Palmieri Valentina , Bertone Gustavo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRivers originating in the granitic highlands of seasonally dry central Argentina provide water to 2 million people. These highlands comprise a complex landscape where a matrix of outcropping rock hosts vegetated patches that vary in response to long‐term grazing and fire. We characterized water storage dynamics across 20 sites representing 6 vegetation‐soil conditions with similar mid‐upslope positions in the landscape. We measured temporal and spatial variability of water inputs (rain and fog) and water stored at the unsaturated and saturated zones. We found that rainfall was highly seasonal, but fog occurred year‐round, likely representing an extra water source in areas with complex vegetation structure. Moreover, fog seems to regulate evapotranspiration/topsoil water dynamics. Water was stored in the saturated zone only during the rainy season. Piezometric response to rainfall was rapid but transient (dropping an average 15 cm/day), possibly buffering peak stormflows, reducing sediment yield, and delivering subsurface water downslope for potential storing throughout the year. Spatially, a reduction in soil depth (from 100 up to 9 cm) and vegetation structure (from woodlands to stonelands), with a degradation of topsoil conditions for infiltration were accompanied by a decline in water storage at the unsaturated (from 32% up to 14%) and saturated (from 46.3 up to 0 cm) zones. Taken together, our results support the infiltration trade‐off hypothesis, which states that vegetation structure benefits fog interception, soil properties that enhance water infiltration, subsurface flow paths, and storage. Long‐term disturbances have likely triggered a degradation of the hydrological function of seasonal highlands in central Argentina.