bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KONSEKUENSI PERILAKU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto 
Published: April 2018

Konsekuensi perilaku dan motivasi belajar berpengaruhÂ terhadap hasil belajar. Hasil belajar siswa yang mempunyai motivasiÂ belajar intrinsik dan ekstrinsik akan berbeda pada kondisi penguatanÂ dnn hukuman. Siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajar intrinsik mempunyai hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi pada kondisi hukuman daripada penguatan. Sebaliknya, pada siswa yang mempunyaiÂ motivasi belajar ekstrinsik, penguatan mempunyai efek yang lebihÂ baik daripada hukuman dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar. UntukÂ ltu penggunaan konsekuensi perilaku sebagai cara meningkatkanÂ hasil belajar harus mempertimbangkan karakteristik motivasi belajarÂ siswa. Pada kelompok siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajarÂ lntrinsik, hukuman dianjurkan digunakan untuk meningkatkanÂ motivasi belajar. Sedang pada kelompok siswa yang mempunyaiÂ motivasi belajar ekstrinsik penguatan dianjurkan digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar.Â
MENGELOLA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN PADA SISTEM PENDIDIKAN JARAK JAUH DENGAN EFEKTIF: BELAJAR DARI KARAKTERISTIK MAHASISWA
Authors: Andriani Durri , Pangaribuan Nurmala 
Published: April 2018

Artikel ini memberi gambaran riil mahasiswa pada institusiÂ pendidikan tinggi yang menerapkan sistem pendidikan jarak jauh (PJJ) yang diperoleh dari 29 laporan penelitian, artikel dan makalahÂ seminar tentang mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka (UT) yang merupakanÂ satu-satunya institusi pendidikan tinggi yang menerapkan sistem PJJÂ secara utuh. Secara khusus, di sini dibahas profil, persepsi terhadapÂ PJJ, motivasi, strategi belajar, pengenalan dan pemanfaatan mediaÂ dalam proses belajar, serta kendala belajar yang dialami mahasiswaÂ PJJ. Gambaran riil ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahamanÂ yang lebih operasional tentang siapa dan bagaimana mahasiswa melakukan proses pembelajaran, serta bagaimana mereka menyikapiÂ proses belajar di sistem PJJ. Pada gilirannya, informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi institusi pendidikan yangÂ menerapkan sistem PJJ untuk mengelola institusinya sehingga proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan efektif.
Effect of Clearance and Friction in Revolute Imperfect Joints on Dynamic Behaviors of a Slider-Crank Mechanism with Two Sliders
Authors: Dao Thanh-Phong , Huynh Ngoc-Thai , Nguyen Tuan-Hai , Vu Hoang-Nghien , Hoang Le-Quang-Nhat , Nguyen Ho , Nguyen Tuan-Hai 
Published: April 2018

Friction and clearance always present in any mechanical system. Hence, the effects of friction and clearance on a dynamic system are so critical. This paper aims to investigate their effects on the dynamic response of a slider-crank mechanism with two sliders and imperfect joints. Firstly, the mechanism is created in Solidworks and then it is simulated via finite element method in ANSYS. The dynamic simulation are conducted to evaluate the mentioned effects. The results revealed that the effect degree of clearance on the dynamic behaviors of the proposed mechanisms is significantly higher than that of friction. Also, the results indicated that the velocities, acceleration, and contact force graph are almost same at different friction coefficient. However, compared with ideal joint case, they had a maximum value and an unstable oscillation. This problem is due to journal collide into bearing induced the maximum values of contact force. The results of this study are a helpful guidance to practitioners, scientists, and engineers. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antifungal Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract on Some Selected Fungi
Authors: Daniel Danladi, Aisha Haruna Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa, Musa 
Published: April 2018

The study was aimed to determine the antifungal activity of garlic on some selected fungi. Garlic samples were purchased from Dutsinma central market, Katsina state. The samples were washed, separated and peeled to obtain the edible portion. The fungi were isolated using the culture method and identified based on morphological characteristics. The extract was prepared using two solvents (aqueous and ethanol) by soaking method. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic garlic extract was determined on some selected fungi namely, Fusarium spp and Rhizopus spp. From the results it is clear that, ethanol extract showed more activity when compare to aqueous extract. The diameter of zones of inhibition for the ethanolic extract ranged between 4.1-14.3mm, while that of aqueous extract ranged between 2.4-10.4mm. The MIC for the ethanolic extract was 2.5mg/ml and 5.0mg/ml for Fusarium spp and Rhizopus spp respectively. While for aqueous extract there was no effect on both tested organisms. It can be concluded from this study that garlic extract showed antifungal activity against the test organism. Moreover, the ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity among the tested fungi.
People living with undiagnosed HIV infection and a low CD4 count: estimates from surveillance data, Italy, 2012 to 2014
Authors: Regine Vincenza , Dorrucci Maria , Pezzotti Patrizio , Mammone Alessia , Quinten Chantal , Pharris Anastasia , Suligoi Barbara ,   the regional representatives of the National HIV Surveillance System
Published: April 2018

Background and aims
Late HIV diagnosis is associated with onward HIV transmission, higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. In Italy, more than half of people living with HIV were diagnosed late during the last decade, with a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm3 at diagnosis. We aimed to determine the number and characteristics of people living with undiagnosed HIV infection and low CD4 counts in Italy. Methods: Data on newly reported HIV diagnoses from 2012 –2014 were obtained from the national HIV surveillance system. We used the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control HIV modelling tool to calculate the undiagnosed prevalence and yearly diagnosed fraction (YDF) in people with low CD4 count. Results: The estimated annual number undiagnosed HIV infections with low CD4 count was on average 6,028 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4,954–8,043) from 2012–2014. In 2014, most of the undiagnosed people with low CD4 count were men (82.8%), a third acquired HIV through sex between men (MSM) (35.0%), and heterosexual transmission (33.4%), respectively. The prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection was 11.3 (95% CI: 9.3–14.9) per 100,000 residents ranging from 0.7 to 20.8 between Italian regions. Nationally the prevalence rate was 280.4 (95% CI: 173.3–450.2) per 100,000 MSM, 8.3 (95% CI: 4.9–13.6) per 100,000 heterosexual men, and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.4–5.6) per 100,000 women. The YDF was highest among heterosexual women (27.1%; 95% CI: 16.9–45.2%). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of improving efforts to identify undiagnosed HIV infections primarily among men, both MSM and heterosexual men.
Assessment of patients with psoriasis undergoing treatment with narrowband UVB phototherapy in the State University of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Goiabeira Michelle Fonseca , Nunes Débora Bacellar Cruz , Machado Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman , Silveira Samira Oliveira , Pinto Érica Baptista , Einecke Yandra Sherring , Nunes Juliana Bacellar Cruz , Nunes Mariana Bacellar Cruz , De Oliveira Miguel Saraty , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Amin Gabriela Athayde , Dos Santos Maria Amélia Lopes , Darwich Mendes Alena Margareth , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Moderate and severe forms of psoriasis require phototherapy and/or systemic medications. The UVB band, with wavelength between 311 and 312nm, is called narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) and it has proven to be more beneficial for the psoriasis treatment.
Goals: to characterize the group of patients with psoriasis treated with NB-UVB phototherapy, according to the clinical form, sex, phototype, and clinical evolution.
Methods: All patients with psoriasis who underwent NB-UVB phototherapy between August 2016 and April 2017 were included in this study. Data on the patients were collected retrospectively.
Results: During the study, 19 patients were treated with NB-UVB phototherapy, being 09 women (47%) and 10 men (53%), ages ranging from 22 to 81years. The most prevalent phototypes were III (42%) and IV (37%). Only 04 patients (21%) had guttate psoriasis and 15 (79%) had psoriasis vulgaris with variable severity. The total number of phototherapy sections, during the period evaluated, varied from 7 to 51, with an average of 25 sessions. It was observed that, 09 patients (47%) had a response beginning with up to two months of treatment. The minimum number of sections to start improvement varied from 8 to 28, with an average of 16 sessions.
Conclusions: The use of NB-UVB phototherapy proved to be a safe and effective treatment, and should be considered a good therapeutic option for psoriasis.
Convection Enhances Magnetic Turbulence in AM CVn Accretion Disks
Authors: Coleman Matthew S. B. , Blaes Omer , Hirose Shigenobu , Hauschildt Peter H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present the results of local, vertically stratified, radiation magnetohydrodynamic shearing-box simulations of magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence for a (hydrogen poor) composition applicable to accretion disks in AM CVn type systems. Many of these accreting white dwarf systems are helium analogs of dwarf novae (DNe). We utilize frequency-integrated opacity and equation-of-state tables appropriate for this regime to accurately portray the relevant thermodynamics. We find bistability of thermal equilibria in the effective-temperature, surface-mass-density plane typically associated with disk instabilities. Along this equilibrium curve (i.e., the S-curve), we find that the stress to thermal pressure ratio α varied with peak values of ∼0.15 near the tip of the upper branch. Similar to DNe, we found enhancement of α near the tip of the upper branch caused by convection; this increase in α occurred despite our choice of zero net vertical magnetic flux. Two notable differences we find between DN and AM CVn accretion disk simulations are that AM CVn disks are capable of exhibiting persistent convection in outburst, and ideal MHD is valid throughout quiescence for AM CVns. In contrast, DNe simulations only show intermittent convection, and nonideal MHD effects are likely important in quiescence. By combining our previous work with these new results, we also find that convective enhancement of the MRI is anticorrelated with mean molecular weight.
Cumulative Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Backgrounds from Halo and Galaxy Mergers
Authors: Yuan Chengchao , Mészáros Peter , Murase Kohta , Jeong Donghui 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The merger of dark matter halos and the gaseous structures embedded in them, such as protogalaxies, galaxies, and groups and clusters of galaxies, results in strong shocks that are capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to ≳10 PeV. These shocks will produce high-energy neutrinos and γ-rays through inelastic pp collisions. In this work, we study the contributions of these halo mergers to the diffuse neutrino flux and to the nonblazar portion of the extragalactic γ-ray background. We formulate the redshift dependence of the shock velocity, galactic radius, halo gas content, and galactic/intergalactic magnetic fields over the dark matter halo distribution up to a redshift z = 10. We find that high-redshift mergers contribute a significant amount of the CR luminosity density, and the resulting neutrino spectra could explain a large part of the observed diffuse neutrino flux above 0.1 PeV up to several PeV. We also show that our model can somewhat alleviate tensions with the extragalactic γ-ray background. First, since a larger fraction of the CR luminosity density comes from high redshifts, the accompanying γ-rays are more strongly suppressed through γγ annihilations with the cosmic microwave background and the extragalactic background light. Second, mildly radiative-cooled shocks may lead to a harder CR spectrum with spectral indices of 1.5 ≲ s ≲ 2.0. Our study suggests that halo mergers, a fraction of which may also induce starbursts in the merged galaxies, can be promising neutrino emitters without violating the existing Fermi γ-ray constraints on the nonblazar component of the extragalactic γ-ray background.
A Decade of MWC 758 Disk Images: Where Are the Spiral-arm-driving Planets?
Authors: Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Dong 董若 Ruobing 冰 , Esposito Thomas M. , Pueyo Laurent , Debes John H. , Poteet Charles A. , Choquet Élodie , Benisty Myriam , Chiang Eugene , Grady Carol A. , Hines Dean C. , Schneider Glenn , Soummer Rémi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Large-scale spiral arms have been revealed in scattered light images of a few protoplanetary disks. Theoretical models suggest that such arms may be driven by and corotate with giant planets, which has called for remarkable observational efforts to look for them. By examining the rotation of the spiral arms for the MWC 758 system over a 10 year timescale, we are able to provide dynamical constraints on the locations of their perturbers. We present reprocessed Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/NICMOS F110W observations of the target in 2005, and the new Keck/NIRC2 L′-band observations in 2017. MWC 758's two well-known spiral arms are revealed in the NICMOS archive at the earliest observational epoch. With additional Very Large Telescope (VLT)/SPHERE data, our joint analysis leads to a pattern speed of

at 3σ for the two major spiral arms. If the two arms are induced by a perturber on a near-circular orbit, its best-fit orbit is at 89 au (0.″59), with a 3σ lower limit of 30 au (0.″20). This finding is consistent with the simulation prediction of the location of an arm-driving planet for the two major arms in the system.
Le corps vu par un médecin
Authors: Larue François 
Published: April 2018

Le chemin parcouru depuis la fin de ses études suscite chez François Larue une longue réflexion sur les manières dont il a perçu le corps de ses patients. Au fil de ce propos, les lecteurs pourront se montrer surpris, choqués parfois, par la façon dont il parle du corps ou nomme ses patient(e)s. Mais – qu’ils soient étudiants, médecins en plein exercice ou médecins retraités – ne se retrouveront-ils pas dans ses états d’âme successifs ? La réflexion de l’auteur permettra aux plus jeunes de pressentir la complexité du soin et de prendre conscience de la nécessité et de la difficulté de faire une place à ce « corps » dont ils pourraient oublier l’existence, tant leur esprit et leur pratique sont « envahis » par les technologies modernes.
Sahel, sahel
Authors: Retaillé Denis 
Published: April 2018

Cet article consacré au Sahel et à son lien avec le Sahara porte une critique à la définition zonale des domaines par les erreurs voire les fautes qu’elle a induites. L’espace des sociétés qui les parcourent, hérité d’une longue histoire géographique, a toujours privilégié les relations nord-sud. Cet oubli de la science conduit, aujourd’hui, à de graves difficultés géopolitiques mais aussi économiques qui ne sont pas imputables à la dureté des « conditions naturelles ».
Géo-graphies du tourisme : la construction d’un objet en quête de légitimité scientifique
Authors: Coëffé Vincent , Violier Philippe 
Published: April 2018

La mise au pilori du tourisme prolifère depuis l’émergence du phénomène touristique lui-même, au moment du passage d’une mobilité exclusive de l’aristocratie à une mobilité plus inclusive. Cette doxa empêche la saisie scientifique de ce phénomène majeur du Monde contemporain. Quand l’activité scientifique s’exerce, elle propose des modèles qui s’appuient sur des fondements idéologiques, notamment ceux qui sont liées à une supposée « destruction » des lieux par le tourisme. Pourtant, une nouvelle approche a émergé depuis les années 1990 qui est centrée sur la « mise en tourisme » et qui montre la dimension urbaine du phénomène touristique et des objets qu’il produit. Cet article montre alors les différents problèmes que pose le traitement de l’urbanité touristique et de ses singularités.
Les marges, une géographie plastique des territoires humains
Authors: Sajaloli Bertrand , Grésillon Étienne 
Published: April 2018

Débattue, parfois considérée comme a-spatiale, la question sur la France des marges interroge les liens existant entre l’être humain et l’espace. À partir d’un double regard définissant la marge comme une géographie excentrée et comme une géographie existentialiste, l’article propose une géographie plastique des territoires humains attentive aux relations entre centre et périphérie, entre normes et hors-norme, qui envisage le lien social par le biais de l’altérité et de sa considération politique. Si les territoires des marges qui en émanent paraissent complexes, enchevêtrés, s’ils dessinent une géographie sans contours spatiaux fixes, ils conduisent pourtant à porter un regard inédit sur la géographie de la France à un moment où le modèle intégrateur s’essouffle.
Stratégie territoriale : les impacts et les limites d’un cadre participatif « incitatif-coercitif »
Authors: Michaux Valéry 
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche longitudinale (huit années) porte sur l’analyse comparative de dix démarches de planification stratégique territoriale impulsées sur des territoires ruraux et péri-urbains par les pouvoirs publics régionaux dans le cadre de la loi Voynet . Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que – au bout de huit années – le changement de comportement stratégique des collectivités locales vers une stratégie commune intersectorielle mobilisant les « forces vives du territoire » n’a été possible que dans 60 % des territoires analysés. Ce changement résulte d’un cadre participatif « incitatif coercitif » impulsé à l’échelle de la région qui ne va rendre possible que dans certaines conditions l’émergence de changements locaux profonds. On observe même dans ces cas des transformations progressives en cascade et des effets de systèmes entre les échelles locales et régionales qui pourraient être qualifiés de « tectonique des territoires » si on reprenait, dans un contexte différent, la célèbre métaphore de Lacour (1993, 1996).
L’énergie éolienne au péril de la transition ? Le succès résistible du compromis éolien au Québec
Authors: Fournis Yann 
Published: April 2018

Le Québec est une belle illustration des défis posés par la « transition énergétique » aux sociétés contemporaines. Car si la transition énergétique est en passe d’y devenir un leitmotiv consensuel, celle-ci pourrait être bien modeste. Comme laboratoire de la présente transition énergétique, l’énergie éolienne en incarne bien les contradictions puisque, alors même que la transition est au cœur de la plus récente politique énergétique du Québec, l’énergie éolienne connaît un brusque coup d’arrêt. Pour comprendre cette contradiction au moins apparente, il faut explorer les dimensions politiques de la transition énergétique : influencés par la trajectoire historique de l’économie politique canadienne, les instruments de politiques publiques structurant le parc éolien québécois ont initialement privilégié un déploiement « hard path » avant de faire place à des inflexions territoriales remarquables. Sous cette perspective, le programme éolien du Québec est un compromis à la fois politique, technologique et territorial qui, initialement peu original, a su se renouveler au contact des territoires pour s’ouvrir à de nouveaux enjeux, acteurs et territoires… avant de connaître une étrange victoire lorsque, en 2016, la politique énergétique globale du gouvernement laisse de côté la production éolienne.
Patient perception of usage of hearing aids and reasons for non-compliance in the adult population
Authors: Gunarathna C. K. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo analyze the socio-demographic data, reasons for poor compliance, post introduction follow up status & user’s satisfaction. MethodologyThis was a prospective observational study of 6-month duration with non-randomized study population selected in two centers representing both government & Private sector with inclusion criteria. Data was collected by an Audiologist via structured questionnaire during the follow up. Data analysis was done using SPSS software package. ResultsThere were 102 patients. Only 60% had good compliance, while 48% expressed strong satisfaction about HA usage. 66% were not aware of the need for follow up after prescription; hence 68% had never come for adjustments and revealed a statistically significant correlation (P- 0.01) between patients’ awareness and regular follow up. ConclusionsA significant proportion of hearing aid users did not have good compliance. This study discusses methods to improve compliance emphasizing the necessity of a well-organized follow up setup.
Communication rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of speech and language therapists
Authors: Wylie Karen , McAllister Lindy , Davidson Bronwyn , Marshall Julie 
Published: April 2018

Background: Workforce factors present a significant barrier to the development of rehabilitation services for people with communication disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Exploring how the work of speech and language therapists (SLTs) in the region is organised and delivered can provide insight into existing services, areas for future workforce development and improved rehabilitation access for people with communication disability.Objectives: This paper describes the employment and service provision patterns and work roles of a sample of SLTs in SSA.Method: A broad, purpose-designed, mixed-methods survey was designed to collect data from SLTs living in Anglophone countries of SSA. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were undertaken. This paper reports on a subset of data from the wider survey.Results: A description of the employment and work roles of the 33 respondents to the survey and characteristics of their service users is presented. SLTs were commonly employed within private and not-for-profit sectors and frequently worked in temporary jobs. SLTs engaged in a range of work roles, including capacity building and training others. Services were provided by SLTs across age ranges, health conditions and settings, with paediatric, urban services commonly reported. Costs for service users and urban-centred services give indications of barriers to service access.Conclusion: Knowledge of the way in which speech and language therapy services are organised and provided has the potential to shape the development of communication disability rehabilitation in SSA. This research has identified a range of issues requiring consideration as the profession develops and grows.