bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Distal Hind Limb Injuries in Cats Using the Caudal Superficial Epigastric Skin Flap
Authors: Salisbury S. , Bauer M. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFour cats were admitted for treatment of traumatic wounds distal to the tarsus. The caudal superficial epigastric skin flap was used to reconstruct each wound. In two cats, an initial flap that included all four mammary glands was attempted, but the segment of the flap that incorporated the first mammary gland underwent necrosis. Caudal superficial epigastric flaps that included mammary glands ## 2, 3 and 4 survived completely in three cats. In one cat the distal 3.0 cm, including the second mammary gland, underwent necrosis after a seroma formed. These flaps covered defects that extended beyond the tarsus in all cats and to the digits in two cats.Four cats with traumatic wounds distal to the tarsus underwent reconstructive surgery. Caudal superficial epigastric flaps that included mammary glands ## 2, 3 and 4 were used to reconstruct the wounds. In two cats, all four mammary glands were initially included with the flap. In these two cats, the distal portions of the flaps including the first mammary gland underwent necrosis. The necrotic areas were debrided and the flaps were repositioned to cover the defects. The remainder of these flaps and one flap that included mammary glands ## 2–4 survived completely. All flaps covered defects that extended beyond the tarsus in all cats and to the digits in two cats.
Bone Plate Removal in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Emmerson T. D. , Muir P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe medical records and radiographs of 255 consecutive bone plate applications were reviewed. Thirteen percent of the bone plates were removed. Removal of bone plates was most often performed for carpal, tibial, femoral and humeral constructs. Only 9.4% of plates were applied to the tibia and the tarsus, but 27% of plate removals were performed for these skeletal regions.The most common reason for plate removal was construct instability. Factors often associated with unstable constructs included multiple limb injuries, fracture comminution, empty screw holes, engagement of an inadequate number of cortices proximal or distal to the fracture and failure to use cancellous bone autograft. Other reasons for plate removal included infection, soft tissue irritation, and chronic lameness.A series of 255 consecutive bone plate applications were reviewed. Thirteen percent of bone plates were removed. Construct instability was the most common reason for plate removal. Bone plates were also removed because of soft tissue irritation, infection, and chronic lameness. Plate removal was most often performed for tibial and tarsal constructs.
Comparison of Fishing Line for Repair of the Cruciate Deficient Stifle
Authors: Meinen J. , Phillips T. , Manley P. A. , Sicard Gretchen K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNumerous types of suture material have been used for extra-articular cranial cruciate ligament stabilization. Although monofilament nylon leader line is considered by some to be the most appropriate material for this procedure, monofilament nylon fishing line is a popular alternative (8, 13). The purpose of this study was to evaluate four brands of nylon fishing line in order to determine the superiority of the material as well as the sterilization method of choice. The four brands of monofilament fishing line tested were 36 kilogram test “Ande”, “Berkley”, “Hi-Seas”, and “Maxima”.“Ande” and “Maxima” proved superior in strength prior to sterilization. When the materials were sterilized by ethylene oxide, minimal elongation was observed. However, there was a significant decrease in strength for three of the four materials (“Ande”, “Hi-Seas”, and “Maxima”) when compared to unsterilized or to steam sterilized samples. Steam sterilization resulted in significant elongation of all materials tested and had a variable effect on strength (either greater, equal, or less than no sterilization). Considering all materials, “Ande” was the nylon material of choice when ethylene oxide was used for sterilization, and “Ande” or “Maxima” were the nylon materials of choice when steam sterilization was used.The strength and elongation of four brands of thirty-six-kilogram test monofilament nylon fishing line were tested using a materials testing machine without sterilization and following either steam or ethylene oxide sterilization. “Ande” was the nylon material of choice when ethylene oxide was used for sterilization and “Ande” or “Maxima” were the nylon materials of choice when steam sterilization was used.
Body Weight as a Predisposing Factor for Humeral Condylar Fractures, Cranial Cruciate Rupture and Intervertebral Disc Disease in Cocker Spaniels
Authors: Conzemius M. G. , Shofer F. S. , Brown Dorothy 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether or not body weight is a risk factor for humeral condylar fractures (HCF), cranial cruciate rupture (CCR) or intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in the American Cocker Spaniel dog. Body weight, age, sex and recorded diagnoses of 854 Cocker Spaniels admitted to the teaching hospital, over a four-year period, were recorded from medical records. Dogs with a diagnosis of HCF (n = 21) weighed significantly more than the general population of Cocker Spaniels seen at the hospital over the same time period. Dogs with CCR (n = 20) were likely to weigh more than the general population. Whereas, dogs with IVDD (n = 47) weighed less than the general population of Cocker Spaniels. From these results, we concluded that body weight is a predisposing factor for HCF in Cocker Spaniels; that there is a tendency for Cocker Spaniels with CCR to be heavier than the general population and that being overweight does not predispose them to IVDD.Body weight, age, sex, and diagnoses of 854 Cocker Spaniels admitted over four years were recorded. Dogs with humeral condylar fractures weighed significantly more than the general population of Cocker Spaniels admitted over the same time period. Dogs with cruciate rupture weighed more, on average, than the general population of Cocker Spaniels, but surprisingly, dogs with intervertebral disc disease weighed less.
Experimental Use of Kiel Bone after Subtotal Sternectomy in the Dog
Authors: Pepe M. , Bellezza E. , Bufalari A. , Arcelli R. , Moriconi F. , Meo A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe experimental results of chestwall reconstruction after partial sternectomy are reported. Four Beagle dogs underwent subtotal sternal resection and reconstruction by the implantation of a cortico-spongy bone heterograft, sandwiched between two layers of reabsorbable mesh.Major postoperative complications were not observed. The implant showed favorable mechanical and biological properties.Approximately six months after the operation two animals were euthanatized as were the remaining two after 12 months. Pathological examination showed good incorporation of the implanted bone with only partial resorption of its spongiosa.Compared with autologous bone transplants in humans, sterile bone heterograft seems to afford the same mechanical properties but with significantly reduced surgical trauma.The experimental results of chest-wall reconstruction after partial sternectomy in four Beagle dogs are reported.
Achilles Tenorrhaphy in Five Dogs: A Modified Surgical Technique and Evaluation of a Cranial Half Cast
Authors: Burbidge H. , Firth E. , Fox S. , Guerin S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAchilles mechanism rupture in four of five dogs was treated with tenorrhaphy using a modified surgical technique designed to optimise accurate apposition of tendon to bone. Two bone tunnels were drilled in the calcaneal tuber from a plantomedial - dorsolateral, and plantolateral – dorsomedial direction respectively. The distal ends of the tendons were sutured to the calcaneal tuber using a Krachow suture pattern. The remaining dog had a mid-tendon Achilles mechanism rupture. A resinous half cast was placed on the cranial aspect of the tarsocrural joint of all five dogs, for a minimum of six weeks, in order to provide limited post operative support. Du e to insufficient cast material two of the support splints failed and one of these cases also required a second surgical procedure. A varying amount of soft tissue irritation was noted in each case. All of the five Achilles mechanisms healed, and all of the dogs returned to normal function.Five dogs with surgical reconstruction of the Achilles mechanism were stabilised postoperatively with a resinous half cast placed on the cranial aspect of the tarsocrural joint for a minimum of six weeks. Two of these casts failed at the tarsocrural joint when six folds of casting material were used; all subsequent cases had eight folds applied. Variable soft tissue irration was observed under the cast in each case. A modified surgical technique using a Krachow suture pattern allowed good tendon-bone apposition. All five Achilles mechanisms healed, and all dogs returned to normal function. Bilateral lesions were identified in 3 of the 4 dogs examined.
Vascular Injury and Delayed Hemorrhage after Antebrachial External Skeletal Fixation in a Dog
Authors: Davidson E. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA seven-month-old female Saluki was diagnosed with angular limb deformity due to premature closure of the left distal ulnar physis. Corrective radial osteotomy and ulnar ostectomy were performed, and the radius was stabilized with external skeletal fixation. Profuse haemorrhage occurred from the second medioproximal pin site two weeks after surgery. Removal of the pin resolved the hemorrhage. Early recognition and treatment of vascular injury secondary to vessel erosion after external skeletal fixation is necessary, as this is a serious complication. Appropriate pin placement in the radius will prevent this complication.Two weeks after application of an external skeletal fixator to the antibrachium of a seven-month-old Saluki profused haemorrhage occurred from one pin site. Surgical removal of the pin was necessary to arrest haemorrhage.
Biomechanical Comparison of Standard Excisional Hip Arthroplasty and Modified Deep Gluteal Muscle Transfer Excisional Arthroplasty
Authors: Dogan S. , Vanderby R. , Dueland R. T. 
Published: March 2018

A comparison of hind limb weight-bearing for standard hip excision (EX) vs. modified deep gluteal excision (MDG) was performed in sixteen hips of eight dogs. Using force plated technology, maximum vertical force was determined in each hind limb at a walk before and at two and four months after the operation. Recovery with both techniques was 67% at two months and 84% at four months after the operation. In conclusion, transfer of a portion of the deep gluteal muscle to the femoral osteotomy site appears not to halve any advantage over standard hip excision. The original deep gluteal transfer technique was not compared.A portion of this report was presented at the 1995 Veterinary Orthopedic Society meeting, Whistler, B.C. Canada
Mandibular lengthening in a juvenile camel by distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Hurtig M. B. , Whiteside D. , Mehren K. , Cruz A. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA three-year old bactrian camel was surgically treated by means of distraction osteogenesis for the correction of a severe mandibular brachygnathia. The mandible was osteotomized in two fragments at the diastema. An external fixator frame, composed of five 1/3rd rings connected by three connecting bars and two transporting rods, was used to achieve stability and optimize sequential fragment distraction during bone healing. After a period of four months, adequate healing had occurred and 35 mm of new bone had formed. Although a significant lengthening was accomplished, the final result was not optimal. We describe the technique used and discuss the suitability and limitations of this technique for its use in large animals.Mandibular lengthening by means of distraction osteogenesis is described in a juvenile camel. Bone lengthening was accomplished over a period of time making this technique suitable for large animal species. However structural adjustments to the external lengthening device are necessary to obtain optimal results.
Use of osteogenic protein-1 in the management of a nonunion radial fracture in a Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis)*
Authors: Vogelnest L. , Shimmin A. J. , Moses P. A. , Simpson D. J. , Liptak J. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) presented with comminuted, proximal diaphyseal fractures of the left radius and ulna which were repaired with a type II acrylic external fixateur and intramedullary pin, respectively. The external fixateur was removed six weeks postoperatively as the antebrachium was stable despite radiographic evidence that the radial fracture had failed to completely heal. Eight months postoperatively, radiographic examination revealed a nonunion fracture of the proximal radial diaphysis. The nonunion fracture was stabilised with a miniplate and screws, and osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) (bone morphogenetic protein-7) was inserted to augment bony union. Radiographic evidence of fracture healing was present four weeks postoperatively. Bone morphogenetic proteins, in particular OP-1, can be used as a substitute for autogenous cancellous bone if there is an insufficient quantity of cancellous bone or harvesting will result in unacceptable morbidity.Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1 or bone morphogenetic protein 7) was used in the management of a nonunion fracture of the radius in a Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis). Osteogenic protein-1 was used in preference to autogenous cancellous bone as the small size of the monkey would have limited the quantity of cancellous bone and predisposed to morbidity at the harvest site. This is the first report of the clinical use of OP-1 in veterinary surgery.
Effects of an opioid receptor agonist and antagonist on cytokine-stimulated canine articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture
Authors: Cook J. L. , Dodam J. R. , Kreeger J. M. , Tomlinson J. L. , Kuroki K. , Priddy N. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of [D-Ala2, Nme-Phe4, Gly5-ol] enkephalin (DAMGO), a μ-opioid receptor agonist, and β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on the biosynthetic capabilities of canine chondrocytes cultured in the presence of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β). Articular chondrocytes were harvested from the humeral heads of three adult dogs and cultured in a three-dimensional (3-D) gel medium made from low-melting agarose and cell culture medium. Chondrocytes in 3-D culture were exposed to IL-1 β (0 or 20 ng/ml), DAMGO (0,0.1,1.0, or 10 μM), and β-FNA (0 or 10 μM) by addition to the liquid media in all possible combinations. On days five and 15 of 3-D culture, liquid medium samples were harvested for subsequent analysis of glycosaminogly- can (GAG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) content. On the same days, gel plugs were also harvested and evaluated for GAG content.Incubation with IL-1 β decreased the amount of GAG in the gel plugs and caused an increase in PGE2 production on days five and 15 of 3-D culture. Treatment with DAMGO or β-FNA did not significantly modulate PGE2 production, MMP-3 production, GAG loss to the medium or GAG content of the gel plugs on either day five or 15 of 3-D culture in the presence or absence of IL-1 β. We concluded that DAMGO and β-FNA had neither protective nor detrimental effects on the biosynthetic capabilities of chondrocytes in the presence or absence of IL-1 β.
On age-related mammalian bone loss: Insights of the Utah paradigm
Authors: Frost H. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn elegant design stratagem would make its loads control the strength of an organ intended to carry loads without breaking. Healthy load-bearing mammalian bones do exactly that. Physiologists begin to understand how they do it, and this article reviews some of the biological “machinery” responsible for it. Why? Because that machinery’s features show what can cause age-related bone loss, how it occurs, how a long-overlooked mechanism in bone marrow would contribute to it, why loss of whole-bone strength seems more important than loss of bone ‘mass’, and why some absorptiometric indicators of whole-bone strength are unreliable. The machinery’s features also show why strong muscles normally make strong bones, why persistently weak muscles normally make weak bones, and why loss of muscle strength usually causes a disuse-pattern osteopaenia.
Those things could question long-accepted ‘wisdom’, but four observations concern that; (1) the questions concern what facts mean far more than the accuracy of the facts, and the basic facts now seem pretty clear;(2) this article must leave resolution of such questions, and of the devils that can hide in the details, to other times, places and people;(3) the plate tectonics story showed that better facts and ideas can change accepted wisdom dramatically;(4) and poor interdisciplinary communication delayed and still delays diffusion of better facts and ideas to many skeletal science and clinical disciplines that needed and need them.
Pull-out strength of orthopaedic screws in polymethylmethacrylate filled medullary cavities of foal third metacarpal bones
Authors: Martin G. S. , Gill M. S. , Sod G. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro pull-out force and strength of 4.5-mm and 5.5-mm cortical screws inserted in the diaphysis of foal third metacarpal bones with and without polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) filling the medullary cavity. Filling the medullary cavity with PMMA significantly increased the pull-out force of 4.5-mm screws by 2.0-fold, and 5.5-mm screws by 2.2-fold, compared to controls (p < 0.001). Also the mean pull-out strength per mm of bones filled with PMMA was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than empty control bones. Our results suggest that filling the medullary cavity with PMMA at sites of greater stress, such as the ends of the plate and near the fracture site, may result in a more stable internal fixation.
Internal splinting of dorsal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal instabilities in dogs and cats with the ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4TM System
Authors: Keller M. , Montavon P. M. , Voss K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDorsal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal instabilities are considered to be uncommon in dogs and only a few cases have been reported in cats. Treatment usually consists at partial arthrodesis. Internal splinting of the affected joints represents an alternative surgical method, with the goal of preserving joint function. In the present study, 13 animals (10 cats and 3 dogs) with dorsal, dorsomedial or dorsolateral intertarsal or tarsometatarsal instabilities, treated with an internal fixator (ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4™ System) in bridging function, were reviewed. The joint cartilage was left intact. Follow-up time ranged from one month to one year postoperatively. The clinical outcome was considered good or excellent in 12 of the animals and moderate in one cat. The implants were removed from three patients. Follow-up radiographs were available for 10 cases. Joint space narrowing, or joint fusion, occurred in three cases. A broken screw each in one cat and one dog did not affect the stability of the joints involved. The technique described is simple and less invasive than partial arthrodesis and results suggest it as being a valuable alternative to partial arthrodesis. Early implant removal might possibly prevent cartilage damage and joint fusion due to prolonged immobilization.
Use of a stainless steel cable and headless tapered compression screw for repair of a tibial crest fracture in a 10-year-old horse
Authors: Galuppo L. D. , Johnson N. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTibial tuberosity and/or crest fractures uncommonly occur in horses and are generally acquired injuries associated with direct trauma to the stifle region. Non-articular, minimally to moderately displaced tibial tuberosity fractures can be conservatively managed with strict stall rest for several months. Large, unstable, articular, and/or displaced fractures require open reduction and internal fixation. Traditional methods of fracture repair have utilized compression plates and bone screws or stainless steel wire in tension-band configurations. However, simple tibial tuberosity or crest fractures can be surgically repaired via a minimally invasive approach with use of stainless steel cable in a tension-band configuration and headless compression screw, and result in a successful outcome.
Augmentation of intertransverse process lumbar fusion
Authors: Martinez Steven A. , Hughes Joanne , Lincoln James D. , Shih Mei-Shu , Zheng Hellen , Carroll William J. , Nawrocki Michael A. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySpinal fusion surgery for alleviation of intractable lower back pain in humans is currently a primary therapeutic technique, with failure rates averaging between 5 to 35%. Implanted and external source-based electrical stimulation devices have been investigated in an attempt to increase osteogenesis at the fusion site in an attempt to reduce spinal fusion failure rates. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of two co-processor systems and an additional system with an SIS generation field at 15.8 mA (rms) using biomechanical, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and histomorphometric analyses, in rabbits following dorsolateral (= posteriolateral [in humans]) spinal fusion. Fifty-six male New Zealand White underwent bilateral lumbar spinal fusion by performing decortication of the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae four and five with placement of autogenic cancellous bone graft harvested from the ilial wings. Four study groups were designated based on the type of IES device used for stimulation or as a control. Eight weeks after surgery all subjects were sacrificed and the quality and strength of the fusion masses were compared using radiographic, biomechanical, histomorphometry, and qualitative histological evaluation. While some variation existed within and between groups, Group 2 showed a significant improvement in all parameters measured as compared to the control group (P<0.05). The use of adjunct non-invasive surface IES for improving bony fusion rates for patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion is supported by this study.
Outcome following surgical repair of achilles tendon rupture and comparison between postoperative tibiotarsal immobilization methods in dogs
Authors: Nielsen C. , Pluhar G. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySurgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in dogs is generally associated with a favourable outcome, although the recovery time to best function is relatively long at 20.2 weeks. Dogs with injuries of less than 21 days duration may have a better functional outcome. When comparing external fixator application to splint or cast management, initial tibiotarsal immobilization method does not significantly affect the complication rate, duration of immobilization, recovery time, or functional outcome.