bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hermit crabs (Pagurus bernhardus) use visual contrast in self-assessment of camouflage
Authors: Wilby David , Riches Samuel , Daly Ilse M. , Bird Andrew , Wheelwright Matthew , Foster James J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Animals can make use of camouflage to reduce the likelihood of visual detection or recognition and thus improve their chances of survival. Background matching, where body colouration is closely matched to the surrounding substrate, is one form of camouflage. Hermit crabs have the opportunity to choose their camouflage independently of body colouration as they inhabit empty gastropod shells, making them ideal to study their choice of camouflage. We used 3D-printed artificial shells of varying contrasts against a grey substrate to test whether hermit crabs prefer shells that they perceive as less conspicuous. Contrast-minimising shells were chosen for Weber contrasts stronger than −0.5. However, in looming experiments, animals responded to contrasts as weak as −0.2, indicating that while they can detect differences between shells and the background, they are only motivated to move into those shells when the alternatives contrast strongly. This suggests a trade-off between camouflage and vulnerability introduced by switching shells.
Case Report: Biloma gastrostomy after failed sonogram-guided percutaneous aspiration, pigtail catheter insertion and surgical drainage
Authors: Okello Tom R. , Ocen Davidson , Okello Jimmy , Pecorella Irene , Amone Derrick 
Published: July 2018

Bilomas are rare abnormal extrabiliary accumulation of bile. This can be either intrahepatic or extrahepatic following traumatic or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree. The commonest causes of biloma are surgery, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, transcatheter arterial embolization and abdominal trauma. We report here a 15 year old patient whom we followed for over 10 years. His chief complaints were right hypochondriac pain, loss of appetite and vomiting. Initial clinical presentation, sonographic as well as laboratory findings suggested a liver abscess, which was drained, but the definitive diagnosis of biloma was entertained after sonographically guided percutaneous aspirations and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 7 years later. We also discuss the role of imaging and surgical challenges encountered that culminated into bilomo-gastrostomy. The patient is now enjoying a peaceful life.
Effect of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment on HIV disease progression in HIV and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abaasa Andrew , Asiki Gershim , Obuku Ekii Andrew , Wanyenze Josephine , Pala Pietro , J. van Dam Govert , L.A.M. Corstjens Paul , Hughes Peter , Ding Song , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Kaleebu Pontiano , M. Elliott Alison , Kamali Anatoli 
Published: July 2018

Background: It has been hypothesised that Schistosoma co-infection exacerbates HIV progression, and hence anthelminthic intervention in co-infected individuals will delay it. We evaluated effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis on HIV disease progression among co-infected patients from fishing populations around Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods: Between August 2012 and September 2015, we conducted an open-label randomised, controlled trial. Adults, antiretroviral therapy-naïve, CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μl, HIV and S. mansoni co-infected, were randomised 1:1 to praziquantel (40mg/kg) given quarterly (starting at enrolment) or annually (starting 12 weeks after enrolment; such that low-intensity participants were still untreated when sampled at 12 weeks). A non-randomised HIV-positive S. mansoni-negative comparison group was recruited. The primary outcome was mean change in plasma viral load at 12 and 60 weeks. Results: In total 363 participants (high-intensity 113, low-intensity 113, comparison group 137) were recruited; 96 (85.0%), 97 (85.8%) and 107 (78.1%) completed 60 weeks of follow up, respectively. Adjusting for baseline age and viral load, the geometric mean ratio (aGMR [95%CI]) viral load for high-intensity vs low-intensity groups at 12 weeks was 0.90 [0.65, 1.25] p=0.55 and at 60 weeks 1.88 [0.78, 4.53] p=0.16. Results in the comparison group were similar to trial arms. High-intensity, compared to low-intensity, treatment resulted in substantially lower S. mansoni prevalence at all follow up visits (p<0.05). Conclusions: In communities with a high burden of both S. mansoni and HIV infection, high-intensity treatment of S. mansoni does not delay HIV progression despite relevant benefit for parasite clearance. Trial registration: ISRCTN15371662 (17/11/2016)
Associação do estado nutricional e aptidão cardiorrespiratória com a prática de atividade física e indicadores de obesidade familiar em escolares
Authors: Moraes Greice , Tornquist Débora , Tornquist Luciana , Reuter Cézane , Burgos Miria 
Published: July 2018

Estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação do estado nutricional e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) com a prática de atividade física, indicadores de obesidade familiar, peso ao nascer e histórico de amamentação de escolares. A amostra foi de 1.254 alunos com idades entre sete e 17 anos (54,7% meninas). Foi avaliado o histórico de obesidade familiar, peso ao nascer, amamentação exclusiva por leite materno e prática de atividades físicas. A APCR e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foram agrupados em uma variável (APCR/IMC), contendo quatro categorias: 1) apto/eutrófico, 2) inapto/eutrófico, 3) apto/excesso de peso e 4) inapto/excesso de peso. Foi utilizada Regressão de Poisson para testar a associação da relação APCR/IMC com a prática de atividade física, o histórico de obesidade familiar, peso ao nascer e amamentação do escolar e análise ajustada incluindo sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico, adotando-se p<0,05. Observou-se elevada proporção de escolares inaptos/obesos (19,7% entre os meninos e 17,6% entre as meninas). A prática de atividade física e a amamentação exclusiva por leite materno até os seis meses apresentam-se como um fator de proteção para inaptidão/eutrofia ou inaptidão/excesso de peso. Já a obesidade do pai e o peso ao nascer do escolar apresentam-se como fatores de risco para inaptidão/excesso de peso. Conclui-se que a presença de inaptidão física e excesso de peso, de forma conjunta, está associada com a não prática de atividades físicas e ausência de amamentação exclusiva por leite materno, e com casos de obesidade do pai e o peso ao nascer elevado do escolar.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO PATRIARCADO JUNTO AS MULHERES DE COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS NA BAIXADA CUIABANA-MT
Authors: Pereira Lisanil Conceição Patrocinio , Ferreira Waldineia Antunes Alcantara 
Published: July 2018

O Nedet (Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Territorial da Baixada Cuiabana) da Unemat (Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso) tem desenvolvido trabalho junto às mulheres do Território, contribuindo com a autonomia de mulheres que vivem em áreas rurais para que tenham renda e mais independência no ambiente familiar. Nesse sentido, temos feito Encontros de Mulheres dos Territórios Rurais e da Cidadania do Estado de Mato Grosso. Já foram organizados três eventos, um como evento paralelo ao SEMIEDU (Seminário de Educação da UFMT), em conjunto com grupos de pesquisa da UFMT e os outros dois nos espaços de Comunidades Tradicionais Camponesas. O objetivo dos respectivos eventos foram expor para a comunidade acadêmica e à população, produções científico-culturais produzidas no âmbito dos Comitês de Mulheres dos Colegiados Rurais. Carece destaque que a criação e articulação do Comitê de Mulheres leva em conta o empoderamento das mulheres para que atuem no meio em que vivem da forma mais independente possível, sobretudo que se levantem contra a violência de gênero muito presente, sobretudo no campo, onde os meios de proteção são mais difíceis de chegar. Também é uma forma de contribuir com o conhecimento acerca do patriarcado, para que possam reivindicar um lugar de igualdade junto ao lar; assumir o espaço de decisão no lote rural; decidir no que investir com o dinheiro da produção e sobre os espaços de morada da comunidade rural, locais de convívio e bem viver.
A patient-centred approach to stroke prevention
Authors: Ward Louise , Cannon Maggie 
Published: July 2018

Stroke is a preventable disease. Louise Ward and Maggie Cannon provide an overview of the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in practice Stroke is a preventable disease, yet every 5 minutes someone in the UK will have a stroke. The burden of stroke to both the individual and on health and social care provision is substantial; and evidence suggests there is still significant room for improvement in primary and secondary stroke prevention. This article provides an overview of the recommendations for stroke prevention in practice: establishing how to assess patients for cardiovascular risk, presenting the clinical management guidelines to reduce stroke risk, and discussing considerations for implementation.
Managing premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bellone Claire 
Published: July 2018

Practice nurses are often the first health professional a woman with premature ovarian insufficiency will see. Claire Bellone explains the condition and how it is managed Premature ovarian insufficiency was previously known as premature menopause or premature ovarian failure. These terms did not reflect the true presentation of menstrual irregularities, the young age at diagnosis, or the psychological impact on the woman herself. Periods may not have stopped indefinitely, pregnancy may still occur and, most importantly, she has not ‘failed’. A practice nurse may be the first encounter a woman has when she presents with amenorrhoea, so understanding her unique concerns and promptly identifying the underlying cause of menstrual changes is essential to improving her long-term physical and psychological health. Despite media headlines, recommending hormone therapy, whether it be hormone replacement therapy or the combined oral contraceptive, need not be the hardest decision the practice nurse has to make.
<p><strong>Description of two new aleyrodids of the genus <em>Aleurolobus</em> Quaintance &amp; Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India</strong></p>
Authors: SUNDARARAJ RAMACHANDRAN , VIMALA D 
Published: July 2018

Two new aleyrodids of the genus Aleurolobus Quaintance & Baker viz., A. nandiensis sp. nov. on Gmelina arborea and A. scutiae sp. nov. on Scutia myrtna are described and illustrated. This brings the number of known Indian species of Aleurolobus to 62
El conflicto armado y la violencia en los libros de texto escolares de Ciencias Sociales: miradas desde su campo investigativo
Authors: Escobar Rincón Liliana del Pilar 
Published: July 2018

El presente escrito reúne las investigaciones más destacadas a nivel nacional e internacional sobre el tratamiento dado en los libros de textos escolares de ciencias sociales a los temas del conflicto armado y la violencia desde cuatro agrupamientos relacionados con: 1). Libros de texto escolar e ideología que reúne investigaciones que tratan la influencia de diversos regímenes políticos en la producción de libros de textos ya sea en tiempos de conflicto o sobre temas de la historia reciente; 2) Libros de texto escolar y currículo que agrupa trabajos sobre libros de texto escolar y los conocimientos que allí circulan sobre el conflicto y la violencia. 3) Libros de texto escolar e imágenes de la violencia que presenta trabajos relacionado con miradas o representaciones que difunden los libros de textos escolares con relación a determinados hechos o actores vinculados a la violencia o el conflicto. Y 4). Libros de texto escolar y memoria comparada que contienen investigaciones que comparan textos escolares entre ellos o con otras producciones (escritas y/o artísticas) para consolidar diversas miradas éticas y políticas de los hechos de la violencia y el conflicto.
“Armar conocimiento”: la experiencia de una asignatura en Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Pozzio María , Scaglia María Cecilia 
Published: July 2018

El artículo describe la experiencia de la creación de una asignatura denominada Conocimiento y Ciencias de la Salud, perteneciente al Ciclo Común en Salud, en el primer año de las carreras del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Se analiza la experiencia en el marco más general de la problemática relación entre ciencias sociales y salud, debatida de manera continua desde hace cuarenta años en América Latina. A partir de la narración de reformulación de ciertos contenidos, las autoras, docentes de la asignatura, concluyen que la noción de historicidad y de cuerpo les han permitido en una materia de tipo epistemológica y dictada por un cuerpo de docentes que provienen de distintas disciplinas, lograr los objetivos pedagógicos, tanto a nivel de los contenidos como de las competencias.
Venir al mundo-de-la-vida
Authors: Fornari Aníbal 
Published: July 2018

El artículo reflexiona, 1) a modo de introducción, sobre la dimensión ontològica del acontecimiento, desde una fenomenología del nacimiento, como clave para una ampliación metodológica y temática del ejercicio de la razón. El conjunto de este artículo transita, para ello, principalmente a través del pensamiento Claude Romano, retomando también puntuales acotaciones de Paul Ricoeur y Romano Guardini. 2) Trata luego la diferencia y la relación entre “hecho” y “acontecimiento”, analizando brevemente la anticipación del tema en instancias decisivas de la tradición filosófica, donde la competencia de la razón es exaltada (Aristóteles y Husserl). 3) Puesto que nacer desde y para el acontecimiento concierne propiamente sólo al yo, se indaga sobre el significado conceptual riguroso e intransferible correspondiente a la palabra “yo”, partir de la experiencia de sí: trascendental y existencial. 4) El acontecimiento, inherente a toda la dinámica humana, abre de punta a punta la finitud y, como tal, es transgresión de la totalización de la existencia en la finitud (Heidegger); esto deriva en la correlación entre acontecimiento, transfiguración del mundo y excepcionalidad del yo, como adveniente. 5) La mutua implicación entre ontologia del nacimiento, ampliación de la razón y expansión de la libertad conduce, finalmente, a reflexionar sobre el enigma de la ipseidad imposible desde la mismidad y sólo eventual desde la alteridad. El vínculo entre alteridad y nacimiento plantea la relación, en el venido-al-mundo, entre la historia y su historia. Nacer y existir en la dimensión ontológica del acontecimiento es exceder todo poder de apropiación, propia y de otros. Referido a la alteridad del pasado inmemorial e inapropiable, el nacimiento abre el adveniente a un porvenir más adelante que todo proyecto y, así, desfonda también el porvenir, al que no se puede poner límite porque está en régimen de acontecimiento.
Gene Regulatory Variation inDrosophila melanogasterRenal Tissue
Authors: Glaser-Schmitt Amanda , Zečić Aleksandra , Parsch John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examines the genetic basis of gene expression variation among strains of Drosophila melanogaster from different natural populations. Glaser-Schmitt, Zečić, and Parsch used high-throughput RNA sequencing of inbred strains and their hybrids to determine...Genetic variation influencing levels of gene expression is abundant in natural populations, and may exert its effects through complex mechanisms that depend on an organism’s genetic background and the tissue in which expression is measured. We investigated natural variation in gene expression in the Malpighian tubules of three inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains and their F1 hybrids. One of the strains was from a population in the species’ ancestral range (Zambia), while the other two were from a more recently derived population (Sweden). Although closely related, the two Swedish strains differed greatly in terms of their expression inheritance when hybridized with the Zambian strain, with one Swedish strain showing a large excess of genes with recessive expression inheritance, as well as a large number of genes with overdominant inheritance. Although most expression variation could be attributed to trans-regulation, there were ∼200 genes that showed allele-specific expression differences in each of the between-population hybrids, indicating that cis-regulation contributes as well. The cis-regulated genes were enriched with cytochrome P450 genes, and the upstream regions of six of these genes were incorporated into transgenic reporter gene constructs to test their effects on expression. Differential expression was observed for five of the six reporter genes in the Malpighian tubule, suggesting that a large proportion of cis-regulatory variation lies directly upstream of the affected gene. In most cases, the differential expression was specific to the Malpighian tubule or greater in this tissue than in the rest of the body, highlighting the importance of single-tissue studies of gene expression variation.
Theater for Language Teaching and Learning: The E Theater, a Holistic Methodology
Authors: Gualdron Evelyn , Castillo Edna 
Published: July 2018

This article reports the findings of a qualitative study based on a long-term application of a theater content-based methodology for L2 learning, supported by professionals in theater and in foreign languages, in The E Theater: an English as a foreign language theater interdisciplinary group at Universidad Nacional de Colombia that has been active since 2008. The data were collected through a longitudinal semi-structured survey, interviews of the participants of the event, and a focus group. As a result, participants stated lowering their affective filter and benefits in their production and comprehension of L2 skills, their intercultural competence, and their cognitive processing of the language derived from the methodology carried out.
Pedagogical and Research Approaches in Inclusive Education in ELT in Colombia: Perspectives From Some Profile Journal Authors
Authors: Mosquera Óscar Andrés , Cárdenas Melba Libia , Nieto María Claudia 
Published: July 2018

This article reports on a descriptive study carried out in articles published in the Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development journal that deal with inclusive education in English language teaching in Colombia. The study embraced documentary research and critical discourse analysis which helped us identify trends in pedagogical approaches in foreign language instruction and research approaches employed by the journal’s authors. It also allowed us to examine how such approaches show the presence or absence of inclusive education both in public policies and pedagogical interventions by institutions and individuals. We hope that the outcomes derived from this study nurture further discussion, encourage research, and motivate pedagogical practices that foster inclusive education in foreign language teaching and teacher education.
Reporte de mecanismos de defensa natural de abejas africanizadas contra Varroa Destructor (mesostigmata: varroidae)
Authors: Graciano-Villa Laura Andrea , Idárraga Arredondo Jhon Jairo , Uribe-Celis Soraya , Idárraga-Arredondo Hernán 
Published: July 2018

Las abejas africanizadas han desarrollado mecanismos de resistencia natural para enfrentarse a Varroa destructor, un ácaro que ha logrado afectar significativamente diferentes especies de Apis en todo el mundo. En el presente trabajo se evidencia la presencia de mecanismos de defensa natural utilizados por las abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera scutellata híbrida) del Centro Apícola de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, para mantener reguladas las poblaciones del ácaro en las colonias. Algunos de estos mecanismos son la desoperculación de celdas con cría infestada y el grooming. Para la desoperculación de celdas, se observaron marcos de la cámara de cría con pupas abiertas de abejas obreras en el 5° instar, infestadas por V. destructor, de las cuales, el 52% mostraron pupas desoperculadas con presencia del ácaro, el 43% sin ácaros y el 5% con cría enferma. Adicionalmente se instalaron trampas en el piso de las colmenas, donde se recolectaron 13 ácaros machos y 72 ninfas de V. destructor. Para evaluar el comportamiento de grooming se instalaron en las colmenas trampas de piso para la captura de los ácaros, posteriormente se colectaron y se evaluó si presentaban o no lesiones en sus apéndices, encontrando que el 19.4% de los ácaros presentó lesiones y para el 80.65% no se evidenció daño.
La Pornografía en la obra de Andrea Dworkin: mujer y desconexión moral
Authors: Streeter Rengifo 
Published: July 2018

Pocas activistas feministas llegaron tan lejos como Andrea Dworkin (1946-2005) en la lucha por la censura de la pornografía. En el presente artículo se aborda la denuncia de la autora sobre la deshumanización de la mujer en la pornografía como producto del poder del hombre dentro de la cultura patriarcal occidental.
Paralelamente, se ofrece un correlato de la propuesta de Dworkin con los mecanismos psicológicos de desconexión moral propuestos por Albert Bandura. Finalmente, y como producto de la metodología escrita, se discute la obra de Dworkin, su análisis de la hostilidad hacia la mujer, los eventuales mecanismos psicológicos subyacentes a la producción y consumo de pornografía, y el rol de cierto tipo de cultura que perpetuaría estas dinámicas.
Indicios para la reconstrucción de clasificadores en el sintagma nominal protochibcha
Authors: Constenla Umaña Adolfo 
Published: July 2018

Hasta ahora, no ha habido ninguna investigación dirigida específicamente a la reconstrucción morfosintáctica en el campo de la lingüística chibcha, en el que los estudios el método comparativo se han centrado en la fonología.El propósito de este artículo es contribuir a la reconstrucción de un pedazo de la morfosintaxis proto-chibcha.Se propone aquí que dos elementos léxicos con el significado de 'semilla' y 'hueso, palo' se utilizaron en ese idioma como clasificadores de referentes con formas redondas y cilíndricas, respectivamente.La evidencia de la mayor parte de las lenguas de afinidades Chibchas probadas se ofrece en apoyo de esta hipótesis. Until now, there has not been any research specifically aimed at morphosyntactic reconstruction in the field of Chibchan linguistics, in which the studies following the comparative method have focused on phonology.The purpose of this article is to contribute to the reconstruction of a piece of proto-Chibchan morphosyntax.It is proposed here that two lexical items with the meaning of 'seed' and 'bone, stick' were used in that language as c1assifiers of referents with round and cylindric shapes, respectively.Evidence from most of the languages of proven Chibchan affinities is offered in support of this hypothesis.
Acercamiento a un discurso pedagógico-religioso del Siglo XVI: La cartilla para enseñar a leer, de Fray Pedro de Gante
Authors: Solano Yamilet 
Published: July 2018

Este estudio representa un enfoque lingüístico a uno de los más valiosos documentos del siglo 16 (1569) para aprender sobre el español de la Nueva España. Se centra en dos aspectos fundamentales: el valor semántico de la mayoría de las formas verbales como imperativos en el discurso pedagógico-religiosa, y de enumeración distributiva como un recurso retórico básico para memorización. This study represents a linguistic approach to one of the most valuable documents of the 16th C. (1569) for learning about the Spanish of New Spain. It focuses on two fundamental aspects: the semantic value of most of the verb forms as imperatives in pedagogical-religious discourse, and distributive enumeration as a basic rhetorical device for memorization.