bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose‐reinforced catechol‐modified polyacrylic acid‐Zn2+ coacervate as strong composite adhesive
Authors: Li A. , Xu Z. , Sun N. , Si Z. , Xu Y. , Guo X. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBy secreting adhesive mussel foot protein, an ingenious strategy was developed based on marine mussels to adhere to rocks firmly under severe dash of seawater, which inspires researchers to develop a series of novel biomimetic adhesives, and distinguished bonding strength has been achieved. Here, on the basis of polyacrylic acid‐DOPA/Zn2+ adhesive coacervate, cellulose fibers or nanocrystals were introduced into the adhesive system as fillers to increase the cohesion of the adhesive by forming van der Waals interactions with the gel. By optimizing the amount of the fillers, length as well as the type of the fillers, bonding strength up to above 10 MPa comparable to commercial glues was achieved on aluminum substrates, which is found to be superior than most of the mussel‐inspired adhesives. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47126.
Polyethylene/silica nanorod composites with reduced dielectric constant and enhanced mechanical strength
Authors: Yang Xuping , Shan Yuxing , Wei Xiaonan , Zhong Shengyuan , Huang Yawen , Yu Hongtao , Yang Junxiao 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTReinforcement of materials with low dielectric constant by nanofillers has attained more and more attention. Conventional 1D nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes, significantly enhance mechanical properties of polymers; however, they do not reduce dielectric constant. In this study, silica nanorods (SNR) were used to prepare polyethylene composites by mechanical blending followed by hot pressing. It was found that the incorporation of SNRs enables enhancement of strength and elastic modulus. Dielectric constant did not increase as predicted when SNRs were incorporated into polyethylene (PE); on contrary, it considerably decreased from ~2.4 to around ~2.2 at SNR loading of 5 wt %. However, when glass fibers were used as fillers, we did not observe such decrease. SEM image and density measurement indicated that the composites were compact with very low porosity. We believe that the incorporation of SNRs alters crystalline and chain arrangement of PE, thus reduces the polarization and dielectric constant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47143.
Comparative Three‐Dimensional Moment Arm Analysis of the Sauropod Forelimb: Implications for the Transition to a Wide‐Gauge Stance in Titanosaurs
Authors: Klinkhamer Ada J. , Mallison Heinrich , Poropat Stephen F. , Sloan Trish , Wroe Stephen 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe evolution of extraordinarily large size among Sauropoda was associated with a number of biomechanical adaptations. Changes in muscle moment arms undoubtedly accompanied these adaptations, but since muscles rarely fossilize, our ability to understand them has been restricted. Here, we use three‐dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modeling to reconstruct and quantitatively assess leverage of forelimb muscles in the transition from the narrow‐gauge stance of basal sauropods to a wide‐gauge stance in titanosaurs. A comparative analysis is conducted on three neosauropods: the narrow‐gauge diplodocid Apatosaurus louisae, the intermediate‐gauge titanosariform Giraffatitan brancai, and the wide‐gauge titanosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae. In this study, moment arm magnitudes and corresponding morphological evidence indicates multiple changes across the narrow‐gauge to wide‐gauge transition in sauropods. High shoulder adduction was found in Diamantinasaurus, suggesting functional changes for supporting a wider stance and a limb less aligned with ground reaction force. High leverage in shoulder extension of Diamantinasaurus and Giraffatitan is possibly related to the increased use of the forelimb in forward propulsion with an anterior shift in center of mass. In addition, the prominence of the olecranon process in Diamantinasaurus produced high moment arm leverage in elbow flexion and extension, suggesting titanosaurs might have maintained a more flexed forelimb posture and displayed an increased degree of maneuverability. Other results are more variable between taxa but still indicate smaller scale changes. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to measure the reliability of our models and test specific uncertainties within the modeling process, as well as other uncertainties uncovered during analysis. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:794–817, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Craniodental Allometry, Prenatal Growth Rates, and the Evolutionary Loss of the Third Molars in New World Monkeys
Authors: Monson Tesla A. , Coleman Jeffrey L. , Hlusko Leslea J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic patterning mechanisms underlie the relative proportions of the mammalian postcanine dentition with the third molar being key to understanding variation within the molar row. With this relatively recent insight, there has been renewed interest in mammalian taxa that have lost the third molars. Within platyrrhines, the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae family) are characterized by small body size, claw‐like nails, twinning, and reduced molar number. Small body size is hypothesized to have resulted in the third molar being crowded out of the jaws leading to its evolutionary loss in this family. To further explore this hypothesis, we measured the cranium and dentition of 142 individuals spanning all five platyrrhine families. These data reveal that callitrichids have a significantly smaller proportion of mandibular postcanine tooth row length relative to other platyrrhines, refuting the “crowding out” hypothesis. However, postcanine tooth row length is significantly correlated with mandibular length and cranial length (P< 0.01) across all platyrrhines providing evidence for a strong allometric association between postcanine tooth row length and body size more generally. The small body size that characterizes callitrichids results in part from slower prenatal growth rates. Given the allometric relationship between postcanine tooth row length and body size, reported here and in previous studies, we hypothesize that the evolutionary loss of the third molars in callitrichids results from the inhibition of third molar development as a consequence of the slower prenatal growth rates associated with small body size in this family. Anat Rec, 302:1419–1433, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping of the Early Intrauterine Morphogenesis in the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos): External Features and Development of the Cephalic Vesicle in Comparison with the Progressive Carnegie Scale
Authors: Montelli Stefano , Stelletta Calogero , Ruiz Jaime Antonio , Ballarin Cristina , Cozzi Bruno , Peruffo Antonella 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we characterized the morphological aspects of the early development of the head of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and identified the main structures of the central nervous system during the first trimester of pregnancy. The topography and the cytoarchitecture of the fetal brain regions were described by histological analysis of the brain sections. We performed this analysis on alpaca embryos and fetuses presumably aged 20, 30, 45, and 90 days. For the description of the external body structures we considered the shape of the head, the development of the optic primordium, the dorsal curvature of the body, the limb buds, the umbilical cord and relative vessels, and the thickness and transparency of the skin. The prosencephalic, mesencephalic, and the rhomboencephalic vesicles were described by analyzing sagittal sections of the head. The present article provides the first progressive morphological and anatomical description of alpaca brain during early development. A detailed study represents an important basis to further understand the phases of prenatal development in this species, since information about alpaca embryology in incomplete and reproductive failure is a relevant factor. These data are important also for interspecies comparisons and application of reproductive biotechnologies. Anat Rec, 302:1226–1237, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role and mechanism of ROS scavengers in alleviating NLRP3‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Sho Takami , Xu JianXiong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInflammation, as a common immune response to various infections or injuries, can cause many dangerous and complicated diseases. Inflammasome is a protein complex playing a vital role in an inflammation process, and the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been the most‐widely studied one. Recent evidence suggests the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐NLRP3 signaling pathway to be a possible NLRP3 inflammasome regulation model. Numerous recent preclinical reports indicate that application of antioxidants could scavenge excessive ROS and attenuate inflammatory responses through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This article, at first, briefly overviews how ROS may mediate the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Then, preclinical researches of various ROS scavengers for treating NLRP3 inflammasome‐associated diseases are focused on and critically analyzed. Finally, the potential of antioxidant treatment as a therapy for inflammation is to be discussed, and perspectives on future research directions will be shared.
Cost-effectiveness of liver transplantation in patients with colorectal metastases confined to the liver
Authors: Bjørnelv G M W , Dueland S , Line P-D , Joranger P , Fretland Å A , Edwin B , Sørbye H , Aas E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with non-resectable colorectal metastases are currently treated with chemotherapy. However, liver transplantation can increase the 5-year survival rate from 9 to 56 per cent if the cancer is confined to the liver. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases.

Methods
A Markov model with a lifetime perspective was developed to estimate the life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), direct healthcare costs and cost-effectiveness for patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases who received liver transplantation or chemotherapy alone.

Results
In non-selected cohorts, liver transplantation increased patients' life expectancy by 3·12 life-years (2·47 QALYs), at an additional cost of €209 143, giving an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €67 140 per life-year (€84 667 per QALY) gained. In selected cohorts (selection based on tumour diameter, time since primary cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen levels and response to chemotherapy), the effect of liver transplantation increased to 4·23 life-years (3·41 QALYs), at a higher additional cost (€230 282), and the ICER decreased to €54 467 per life-year (€67 509 per QALY) gained. Given a willingness to pay of €70 500, the likelihood of transplantation being cost-effective was 0·66 and 0·94 (0·23 and 0·67 QALYs) for non-selected and selected cohorts respectively.

Conclusion
Liver transplantation was cost-effective but only for highly selected patients. This might be possible in countries with good access to grafts and low waiting list mortality.
Use of high‐pH (basic/alkaline) mobile phases for LC–MS or LC–MS/MS bioanalysis
Authors: Tan Aimin , Fanaras John C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh‐pH or basic/alkaline mobile phases are not commonly used in LC–MS or LC–MS/MS bioanalysis because of the deeply rooted concern with column instability and reduced detection sensitivity for basic compounds in high‐pH mobile phases owing to charge neutralization. With the advancement of LC column technology and the wide recognition of the “wrong‐way‐round” phenomena, high‐pH mobile phases are more and more used in LC–MS or LC–MS/MS bioanalysis to improve chromatographic peak shape, retention, selectivity, resolution, and detection sensitivity, not only for basic compounds, but also for many other compounds. In this article, the benefits, practical considerations, application examples and cautions for using high‐pH mobile phases in LC–MS or LC–MS/MS bioanalysis are reviewed, with a focus on quantification. Furthermore, the future trends in this field are also envisaged. A total of 84 references are cited in this review.
Cetyl‐alcohol‐reinforced hollow fiber solid/liquid‐phase microextraction and HPLC–DAD analysis of ezetimibe and simvastatin in human plasma and urine
Authors: AL‐Hashimi Nabil N. , Shahin Rand O. , AL‐Hashimi Aqeel N. , Al Ajeal Ajeal M. , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Basheer Chanbasha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new cetyl‐alcohol‐reinforced hollow fiber solid/liquid‐phase microextraction (CA–HF–SLPME) followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of ezetimibe and simvastatin in human plasma and urine samples. To prepare the CA–HF–SLPME device, the cetyl‐alcohol was immobilized into the pores of a 2.5 cm hollow fiber micro‐tube and the lumen of the micro‐tube was filled with 1‐octanol with the two ends sealed. Afterwards, the prepared device was introduced into 10 mL of the sample solution containing the analytes with agitation. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves plotted in spiked plasma and urine samples were linear in the ranges of 0.363–25/0.49–25 μg L−1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin and 0.193–25/0.312–25 μg L−1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in plasma and urine samples, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.109/0.174 μg L−1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in plasma and 0.058/0.093 μg L−1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in urine. As a potential application, the proposed method was applied to determine the concentration of selected analytes in patient plasma and urine samples after medication and satisfactory results were achieved. In comparison with reference methods, the CA–HF–SLPME–HPLC–DAD method demonstrates considerable potential in the biopharmaceutical analysis of selected drugs.
Lithium improved behavioral and epileptic symptoms in an adolescent with ring chromosome 20 and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
Authors: Inal Adlane , Chaumette Boris , Soleimani Maryam , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Goldenberg Alice , Lebas Axel , Gerardin Priscille , Ferrafiat Vladimir 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of ring chromosome 20 syndrome in a twelve‐year‐old girl, with resistant epileptic disease and severe behavioral impairment that both drastically improved after a lithium challenge. If replicated, this could support the use of lithium as a safe treatment in the management of this severe phenotype.
CisversusTrans: The Coordination Environment about the Tin(IV) Atom in Spirocyclic Amino Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Glowacki Britta , Pallach Roman , Lutter Michael , Roesler Fabian , Alnasr Hazem , Thomas Cedreric , Schollmeyer Dieter , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe syntheses of amino alcohols MeN(CH2CH2CMe2OH)2(1), MeN(CMe2CH2OH)(CH2CMe2OH) (2), MeN(CH2CH2CH2OH)(CH2CMe2OH) (3), MeN(CH2CH2CMe2OH)(CH2CMe2OH) (4), MeN(CH2CH2CMe2OH)(CH2CH2OH) (5), and MeN(CH2CH2OH) (CH2CH2CH2OH) (6) as well as spirocyclic tin(IV) alkoxidesspiro‐[nBuN(CH2CMe2O)2]2Sn (7),spiro‐[MeN(CH2CH2CMe2O)2]2Sn (8),spiro‐[para‐FC6H4N (CH2CMe2O)2]2Sn (9),spiro‐[MeN(CMe2CH2O)(CH2CMe2O)]2Sn (10),spiro‐[MeN(CH2CH2CH2O)(CH2CMe2O)]2Sn (11),spiro‐[MeN(CH2CH2CMe2O)(CH2CMe2O)]2Sn (12),spiro‐[MeN(CH2CH2CMe2O)(CH2CH2O)]2Sn (13) andspiro‐[MeN(CH2CH2O)(CH2CH2CH2O)]2Sn (14) are reported. The compounds were characterized by1H,13C (1–14) and119Sn (7–14) NMR and IR spectroscopy, EIMS and single‐crystal XRD (2,7–10and13,14). Graph‐set analyses were performed for compounds [(MeNH(CMe2CH2OH)(CH2CMe2OH)][HC(O)O] (2 a) and2. The coordination environment about the tin(IV) centre of the spirocyclic compounds and their possible stereoisomers were analysed by DFT calculations (spiro‐[MeN(CH2CMe2O)2]2Sn,8–10and13).
Ruthenium‐Induced Alkyne Cycloisomerization: Construction of Metalated Heterocycles, Revelation of Unconventional Reaction Pathways, and Exploration of Functional Applications
Authors: Chung Lai‐Hon , Wong Chun‐Yuen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile the fascinating chemistry demonstrated by metalated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes highlights the significance of metalated heterocyclic chemistry, the development of other metalated heterocycles is falling behind, presumably because of the sparseness of general synthetic methodologies. In this Concept article, the strategy to prepare metalated heterocyclic complexes by metal‐induced cycloisomerization of heteroatom‐functionalized alkynes is presented. The isolation of and calculations on novel ruthenium complexes bearing chromene, chromone, indole, indoline, indolizine, and indolizinone moieties prepared from reactions between alkynes and ruthenium complexes are discussed, with emphasis on the mechanistic insights into the ruthenium‐induced alkyne transformations and applications in material design and drug discovery.
Control loop performance monitoring based on weighted permutation entropy and control charts
Authors: Wu Ping , Guo Lingling , Duan Yiyong , Zhou Wei , He Guojun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe simple calculated permutation entropy is an intuitive index to measure the complexity of a time series by a comparison of neighbouring values, therefore, it can be used to detect dynamical changes in a time series. However, in permutation entropy, the amplitude information of a time series is ignored. By incorporating the variance information, weighted permutation entropy (WPE) can derive stable results, and enable the detection of abrupt changes in a time series. In this paper, weighted permutation entropy is employed to build the performance index from the closed loop output time series to monitor the control loop performance. Furthermore, two control charts are established to define the control limits for sample estimations of the WPE‐based performance index. In this study, the Shewhart control chart and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart are integrated to develop two control performance monitoring schemes, Shewhart‐WPE and EWMA‐WPE. In addition, a numerical simulation is used to illustrate the ability and effectiveness of the developed Shewhart‐WPE scheme. The proposed EWMA‐WPE scheme is applied to monitor a natural gas pipeline transportation pressure control loop. The effectiveness of the proposed Shewhart‐WPE and EWMA‐WPE schemes is verified by the results.
Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalysts Driven by Ti3+‐VO‐2Ti4+‐N3− Defect Clusters
Authors: Sun Qingbo , Zhang Shaoyang , Cortie David , Langley Julien , Cox Nicholas , Frankcombe Terry J. , Gao Jie , Chen Hua , Withers Ray L. , Kremer Felipe , Yu Dehong , Brink Frank , Shi Wensheng , Liu Yun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLocal defect structures play significant roles on material properties, but they are seriously neglected in the design, synthesis, and development of highly efficient TiO2‐based visible light catalysts (VLCs). Here, we take anatase TiO2 nanocrystals that contain (Ti3+, N3−) ions and have the complicated chemical formula of (
)(
□z) as an example, and point out that the formation of Ti3+‐VO‐2Ti4+‐N3− local defect clusters is a key missing step for significantly enhancing VLC properties of host TiO2 nanocrystals. Experimental and theoretical investigations also demonstrate the emergent behaviors of these intentionally introduced defect clusters for developing highly efficient VLCs. This research thus not only provides highly efficient visible light catalysts for various practical applications but also addresses the significance of local defect structures on modifying material properties.
Real‐time multiuser scheduling based on end‐user requirement using big data analytics
Authors: Chehri Abdellah , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith the rapid growth in wireless data networks and increasing demand for multimedia applications, the next generation of wireless networks should be able to provide services for heterogeneous traffic with diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements. Multiuser diversity refers to a type of diversity present across different users in a fading environment. This diversity can be exploited by scheduling transmissions so that users transmit when their channel conditions are favorable. Hence, scheduling algorithms that support QoS and maintain a required throughput to ensure users' satisfaction are crucial to the development of these wireless networks. In this paper, different scheduling techniques have been evaluated using OFDM with different scenarios. The goal is to analyze the properties of networks such as throughput, fairness, and delay. Experimental results indicate that the PFS approach outperforms the other techniques in terms of fairness, throughput, and delay.
Towards Improved Biorefinery Technologies: 5‐Methylfurfural as a Versatile C6 Platform for Biofuels Development
Authors: Galkin Konstantin I. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLow chemical stability and high oxygen content limit utilization of the bio‐based platform chemical 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) in biofuels development. In this work, Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed conversion of renewable 6‐deoxy sugars leading to formation of more stable 5‐methylfurfural (MF) is carried out with high selectivity. Besides its higher stability, MF is a deoxygenated analogue of HMF with increased C/O ratio. A highly selective synthesis of the innovative liquid biofuel 2,5‐dimethylfuran starting from MF under mild conditions is described. The superior synthetic utility of MF against HMF in benzoin and aldol condensation reactions leading to long‐chain alkane precursors is demonstrated.
Exploring the relationships between marine protected areas and invasive fish in the world's most invaded sea
Authors: Giakoumi Sylvaine , Pey Alexis , Di Franco Antonio , Francour Patrice , Kizilkaya Zafer , Arda Yaprak , Raybaud Virginie , Guidetti Paolo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for marine biodiversity conservation. Yet, their effectiveness in protecting marine ecosystems from global stressors is debated. Biological invasions are a major driver of global change, causing biodiversity loss and altering ecosystem functioning. Here, we explored the relationships between MPAs and alien/native range‐expanding fishes in the Mediterranean Sea, the world's most invaded sea. We surveyed fish and benthic communities in nine MPAs and adjacent unprotected areas across six countries. In the South and Eastern Mediterranean MPAs, the biomass of alien and native range‐expanding fishes often exceeded 50% of the total fish biomass. Conversely, in the North and Western Mediterranean, alien fishes were absent. A negative relationship was found between native and alien species richness. Average and minimum sea surface temperature (SST) over six consecutive years were positively correlated with the total biomass of alien species; no alien fishes were recorded below 20.5°C average SST and 13.8°C minimum SST. We also found a negative relationship between alien fishes’ biomass and the distance from the Suez Canal, which is the main pathway for the introduction of alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The biomass of alien and native range‐expanding fishes was found to be higher in the South and Eastern Mediterranean MPAs than in adjacent unprotected areas. The association of barrens (rocky reefs deprived of vegetation) and invasive herbivores was observed at all eastern sites, regardless of protection status. Currently, the level of fishing pressure exerted on alien and native range‐expanding fishes seems to be the most influential factor determining the lower biomass of invasive fishes at unprotected sites compared to MPAs. Our findings suggest that complementary management actions, such as species‐targeted removals, should be taken in MPAs to effectively control invasive fish populations.