bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Bereavement in Young Children Living in South Africa and Malawi: Understanding Mental Health Resilience
Authors: Macedo Ana , Sherr Lorraine , Tomlinson Mark , Skeen Sarah , Roberts Kathryn 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Parental loss is a major stressful event found to increase risk of mental health problems in childhood. Yet, some children show resilient adaptation in the face of adversity across time.

Setting:
This study explores predictors of mental health resilience among parentally bereaved children in South Africa and Malawi and their cumulative effect. The study also explores whether predictors of resilience differed between orphaned and nonorphaned children.

Methods:
Consecutive attenders of community-based organizations (children; 4–13 years, and their caregivers) were interviewed at baseline and 15- to 18-month follow-up (n = 833). Interviews comprising inventories on demographic information, family data, child mental health, bereavement experience, and community characteristics. Mental health screens were used to operationalize resilience as the absence of symptoms of depression, suicidality, trauma, emotional, and behavioral problems.

Results:
Almost 60% of children experienced parental loss. One-quarter of orphaned children showed no mental health problems at either wave and were classified as resilient. There were equal proportions of children classified as resilient within the orphaned (25%) versus nonorphaned group (22%). Being a quick learner, aiding ill family members, positive caregiving, household employment, higher community support, and lower exposure to domestic violence, physical punishment, or stigma at baseline predicted sustained resilience. There were cumulative influences of resilience predictors among orphaned children. Predictors of resilience did not vary by child age, sex, country of residence or between orphaned and nonorphaned children.

Conclusions:
This study enhances understanding of resilience in younger children and identifies a number of potential environmental and psychosocial factors for bolstering resilience in orphaned children.
Which food patches are worth exploring? Foraging desert birds do not follow environmental indicators of seed abundance at small scales: a field experiment
Authors: Milesi Fernando A. , de Casenave Javier Lopez , Cueto Víctor R. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTConsumers should show strong spatial preferences when foraging in environments where food availability is highly heterogeneous and predictable from its correlation with informative environmental features. This is the case for postdispersal granivores in most arid areas, where soil seed bank abundance and composition associates persistently with vegetation structure at small scales (e.g., decimeters to meters). We analysed seasonal single-seed removal by granivorous birds from 300 experimental devices in the algarrobal of the central Monte desert. Spatial selectivity was analysed by comparing the structural characteristics of used vs. available microhabitats and evaluated against bottom-up and top-down hypotheses based on our previous knowledge on local seed bank abundance, composition and dynamics. Seed removal, which showed its expected seasonal variability, was also explored for spatial autocorrelation and environmental dependencies at bigger scales. Postdispersal granivorous birds were less selective in their use of foraging space than expected if patch appearance were providing them useful information to guide their search for profitable foraging patches. No kind of microhabitat, as defined by their vegetation and soil structure, was safe from bird exploration. The only consistent selective pattern at this scale was closer to a top-down spatial effect by birds, i.e., a cause (and not a consequence) of the seed bank dynamics. Bigger spatial scales proved more relevant to describe heterogeneity in the use of foraging patches in this habitat. Closeness to tall trees, probably related to bird territoriality and reproduction or to their perception of predation risk, seems to determine a first level of selection that defines explorable space, and then microhabitat openness exerts an influence on which patches are effectively exploited (or more frequently explored) among those accessible.
Ecological genetic conflict between specialism and plasticity through genomic islands of divergence
Authors: Leimar Olof , Dall Sasha R. X. , McNamara John M. , Kuijper Bram , Hammerstein Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere can be genetic conflict between genome elements differing in transmission patterns, and thus in evolutionary interests. We show here that the concept of genetic conflict provides new insight into local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Local adaptation to heterogeneous habitats sometimes occurs as tightly linked clusters of genes with among-habitat polymorphism, referred to as genomic islands of divergence, and our work sheds light on their evolution. Phenotypic plasticity can also influence the divergence between ecotypes, through developmental responses to habitat-specificcues. We show that clustered genes coding for ecological specialism and unlinked generalist genes coding for phenotypic plasticity differ in their evolutionary interest. This is an ecological genetic conflict, operating between habitat specialism and phenotypically plastic generalism. The phenomenon occurs both for single traits and for syndromes of co-adapted traits. Using individual-based simulations and numerical analysis, we investigate how among-habitat genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity depend on genetic architecture. We show that for plasticity genes that are unlinked to a genomic island of divergence, the slope of a reaction norm will be steeper in comparison with the slope favored by plasticity genes that are tightly linked to genes for local adaptation.
A comprehensive, mechanistically detailed, and executable model of the Cell Division Cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Münzner Ulrike , Klipp Edda , Krantz Marcus 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how cellular functions emerge from the underlying molecular mechanisms is a key challenge in biology. This will require computational models, whose predictive power is expected to increase with coverage and precision of formulation. Genome-scale models revolutionised the metabolic field and made the first whole-cell model possible. However, the lack of genome-scale models of signalling networks blocks the development of eukaryotic whole-cell models. Here, we present a comprehensive mechanistic model of the molecular network that controls the cell division cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We use rxncon, the reaction-contingency language, to neutralise the scalability issues preventing formulation, visualisation and simulation of signalling networks at the genome-scale. We use parameter-free modelling to validate the network and to predict genotype-to-phenotype relationships down to residue resolution. This mechanistic genome-scale model offers a new perspective on eukaryotic cell cycle control, and opens up for similar models - and eventually whole-cell models - of human cells.
A Notch-regulated proliferative stem cell zone in the developing spinal cord is an ancestral vertebrate trait
Authors: Lara-Ramirez Ricardo , Pérez-González Carlos , Anselmi Chiara , Patthey Cedric , Shimeld Sebastian M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVertebrates have evolved the most sophisticated nervous systems we know. These differ from the nervous systems of invertebrates in several ways, including the evolution of new cell types, and the emergence and elaboration of patterning mechanisms to organise cells in time and space. Vertebrates also generally have many more cells in their central nervous systems than invertebrates, and an increase in neural cell number may have contributed to the sophisticated anatomy of the brain and spinal cord. Here we study how increased cell number evolved in the vertebrate central nervous system, investigating the regulation of cell proliferation in lampreys as basally-diverging vertebrate, and focusing on the spinal cord because of its relatively simple anatomy. Markers of proliferating cells show that a medial proliferative progenitor zone is found throughout the lamprey spinal cord. We show that inhibition of Notch signalling disrupts the maintenance of this proliferative zone. When Notch signalling is blocked progenitor cells differentiate precociously, the proliferative medial zone is lost, and differentiation markers activate throughout the medial-lateral axis of the spinal cord. Comparison to other chordates suggests that the emergence of a persistent Notch-regulated proliferative progenitor zone in the medial spinal cord of vertebrate ancestors was a critical step for the evolution of the vertebrate spinal cord and its complexity.Summary statementVertebrates develop nervous systems with numerous cells. Study of cell proliferation in the lamprey nervous system links this to a medial proliferation zone regulated by Notch signalling, a vertebrate innovation.
Myricetin Attenuates LPS-induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Mouse Models
Authors: Hou Wei , Hu Siyi , Su Zhenzhong , Wang Qi , Meng Guangping , Guo Tingting , Zhang Jie , Gao Peng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMyricetin has been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation in a variety of diseases, but little is known about its characters in acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of myricetin on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a LPS-induced lung injury model.MethodsSpecifically, we investigated its effects on lung edema and histological damage by lung W/D weight ratio, HE staining and Evans Blue dye. Then macrophage activation was detected by evaluating the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA and protein iNOS and COX-2. Myricetin was used to detect the impact on the inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the same manners in mouse model. Finally, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were investigated with Western blot assay in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.ResultsMyricetin significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo experiments showed that pretreatment with Myricetin markedly attenuated the development of pulmonary edema, histological severities and macrophage activation in mice with ALI. The underlying mechanisms were further demonstrated in vitro that myricetin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through suppressing the NF-κB p65 and AKT activation in NF-κB pathway and JNK, p-ERK and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway.ConclusionMyricetin alleviated ALI by inhibiting macrophage activation, and inhibited inflammation in vitro and in vivo. It may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Building resilience: how to have a positive impact at the organizational and individual employee level
Authors: Seville Erica 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
At some time during its life, every organization will face some form of disruptive crisis. Be it a natural disaster, a reputational crisis, problems within the supply chain, or an issue affecting its people, organizational crises happen more often than we think. In today’s world of change and uncertainty, an organization needs core resilience capabilities to survive. This paper aims to set out three pillars for organizational resilience, identify the questions that leaders need to ask themselves about employee readiness, and offer ten practical ways in which leaders can help their teams to respond effectively in times of disruptive change.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws from a variety of sources of research, including the author’s own that tracked businesses’ rates, speed, and quality of recovery following the 2010/2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Findings
When an organization is put under pressure, it is their people and how they come together that can make or break the organization. The prevailing culture and the behavior and capabilities of leaders can enhance or erode the resilience of all employees.

Originality/value
Resilience is an aspect of organizational life that is becoming ever more critical but research is still scarce. The advice contained in this paper is based on research and offers grounded advice on how leaders can support and enable their teams to survive and thrive in the VUCA world in which organizations now operate.
Re-thinking employability with a literacies lens
Authors: Kendall Alexandra , French Amanda 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on the outcomes of an Higher Education Academy funded project, Literacies for Employability (L4E) to contribute to discussion of the interface between university learning and workplace settings and the focus on employability that dominates the English context. The paper will be of interest to colleagues from any discipline who have an interest in critical (re)readings of employability and practical ways of engaging student in ethnographic approaches to understanding workplace practices, particularly those with an interest in professional, work-based, or placement learning.Design/methodology/approachL4E is grounded in social theories of communication from Sociology and Education that understands literacy as a complex social activity embedded in domains of practice. These ideas recognise workplaces as domains that are highly distinctive and diverse contexts for literacy (rather than generic or standard) and that to be successful in particular workplace settings students must be attuned to, and adaptive and fluent in, the nuanced literacy practices of that workplace. However, evidence suggests (Lea and Stierer, 2000) that HE students (and teachers) rarely experience overt teaching about literacy in general or workplace literacies in particular.FindingsThis project developed a framework to scaffold and support this process across the disciplines so that students can develop the attitudes and behaviours they will need to be successful in the workplace.Originality/valueThe approach chimes with recommendations from Pegget al.(2012) that employability is most effectively developed through a focus on more expansive, reflexive approaches to learning and through “raising confidence […] self-esteem and aspirations” (Pegget al., 2012, p. 9).
Challenging the scientific basis of the Paris climate agreement
Authors: Ollila Antero 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scientific basis of the Paris climate agreement.

Design/methodology/approach
The analyses are based on the IPCC’s own reports, the observed temperatures versus the IPCC model-calculated temperatures and the warming effects of greenhouse gases based on the critical studies of climate sensitivity (CS).

Findings
The future emission and temperature trends are calculated according to a baseline scenario by the IPCC, which is the worst-case scenario RCP8.5. The selection of RCP8.5 can be criticized because the present CO2 growth rate 2.2 ppmy−1 should be 2.8 times greater, meaning a CO2 increase from 402 to 936 ppm. The emission target scenario of COP21 is 40 GtCO2 equivalent, and the results of this study confirm that the temperature increase stays below 2°C by 2100 per the IPCC calculations. The IPCC-calculated temperature for 2016 is 1.27°C, 49 per cent higher than the observed average of 0.85°C in 2000.

Originality/value
Two explanations have been identified for this significant difference in the IPCC’s calculations: The model is too sensitive for CO2 increase, and the positive water feedback does not exist. The CS of 0.6°C found in some critical research studies means that the temperature increase would stay below the 2°C target, even though the emissions would follow the baseline scenario. This is highly unlikely because the estimated conventional oil and gas reserves would be exhausted around the 2060s if the present consumption rate continues.
Patterns of project-based organizing in new venture creation
Authors: Auschra Carolin , Braun Timo , Schmidt Thomas , Sydow Jörg 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The creation of a new venture is at the heart of entrepreneurship and shares parallels with project-based organizing: embedded in an institutional context, founders have to assemble a team that works on specified tasks within a strict time constraint, while the new venture undergoes various transitions. The purpose of this paper is to explore parallels between both streams of research and an increasing projectification of entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based upon a case study of the Berlin start-up ecosystem including the analysis of interviews (n=52), secondary documents, and field observations.

Findings
The paper reveals that – shaped by their institutional context – patterns of project-like organizing have become pertinent to the new venture creation process. It identifies a set of facets from the entrepreneurial ecosystems – more specifically different types of organizational actors, their occupational backgrounds, and epistemic communities – that enable and constrain the process of new venture creation in a way that is typical for project-based organizing.

Originality/value
This study thus elaborates on how institutional settings enforce what has been called “projectification” in the process of new venture creation and discuss implications for start-up ecosystems.
Developing a model to explore the information seeking behaviour of farmers
Authors: Mahindarathne M.G.P.P. , Min Qingfei 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Generating an in-depth understanding of information needs and seeking behaviour is important both for restructuring existing agricultural information systems (ISs) and for creating new ISs. Many information seeking models have been developed over the years, most are narrowly focused on a specific role or discipline. However, no such specific model has been developed in reference to agriculture or an allied discipline. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model to explore the information seeking behaviour (ISB) of farmers.

Design/methodology/approach
The model proposed in this paper is based on Wilson’s model. The theoretical insights and empirical evidences comprehended at the study were embedded into Wilson’s model to develop a model that explores the ISB of farmers. The proposed model was quantitatively evaluated using empirical data gathered through a survey of 289 farmers. Furthermore, the model was qualitatively evaluated by subject experts against criteria of simplicity, comprehensiveness, exactness, generality and clarity.

Findings
The key finding of this study is the model developed to explore the ISB of farmers. The adapted model provides theoretical and empirical bases for exploring farmers’ ISBs. Thus, the model will be useful in developing valuable design insights to apply to user-centred agricultural ISs.

Originality/value
The originality of this study relates to its demonstration of how existing models can be reconsidered and adapted based on related literature and then tested and presented as adapted models. The proposed model will be useful to promote informational studies in agriculture.
Psychologists’ understanding of the factors influencing successful treatment in a secure forensic environment
Authors: Gale Jessica , Clarbour Jane , Rayner Kelly 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Literature suggests that mentally disordered offenders are considerably more difficult to treat and slower to respond to psychological treatment. Less is known about the particular factors that can contribute to this resistance. A more comprehensive understanding of the factors that treating psychologists feel can promote or inhibit progression through rehabilitative treatment may increase the likelihood of positive clinical outcomes. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Four practising psychologists employed within a male medium- and low-secure forensic unit in the North East of England took part in a semi-structured interview. Their views, opinions and experiences regarding patient progression through treatment pathways were recorded, transcribed and analysed.

Findings
This thematic analysis identified that numerous patient-specific parameters influenced perceived progression, and environmental and external factors had a significant impact on the patients’ expressed attitude towards treatment.

Practical implications
Alongside issues of motivation and engagement, participants identified external factors that influence perceived treatment success with their forensic patients.

Originality/value
Additional research is needed to identify the factors that are the most influential in promoting or inhibiting perceived and actual progress. This will hopefully optimise treatment engagement and the motivation to change problematic behaviours in mentally disordered offenders.
Roles of leadership styles and relationship-based employee governance in open service innovation
Authors: Ahmed Farooq , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Kaur Sharan , Ng Boon Kwee 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of leadership styles (paternalistic, authentic and democratic) with relationship-based employee governance and open service innovation.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a structured questionnaire from 422 medical professionals working in the Malaysian healthcare sector.FindingsResults of several statistical analyses showed that the three leadership styles positively influence relationship-based employee governance and open service innovation. Results also confirmed the mediating role of relationship-based employee governance in the relationships between the three leadership styles and open service innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research used a cross-sectional study design; use of a longitudinal research design in future research can provide a better interpretation of the underlying causality. A policy insight can be drawn from this research to generate awareness about effective leadership styles and the role of relationship-based employee governance in the successful implementation of open service innovation in the Malaysian healthcare sector.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to leadership, open innovation, and organizational governance literature by highlighting how leadership styles affect relationship-based employee governance and open innovation. It also offers policy insights to practitioners in the Malaysian healthcare sector on how to enhance open service innovation outcomes.