bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Traditional Turkish Concentrated Fruit Juice Products by Multi-Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and LC Fluorescence Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Kaymak Tugrul , Türker Levent , Tulay Hüseyin , Stroka Joerg 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Pekmez and pestil are traditional Turkish foods made from concentrated grape juice, which can be contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (OTA). Objective: To carry out a single-laboratory validation of a method to simultaneously determine aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 and ochratoxin A in pekmez and pestil. Methods: The homogenized sample is extracted with methanol–water (80 + 20) using a high-speed blender. The (sample) extract is filtered, diluted with phosphate-buffered saline solution, and applied to a multi-immunoaffinity column (AFLAOCHRA PREP®). Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are removed with (neat) methanol and then directly analyzed by reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection using post-column bromination (Kobra cell®). Results: Test portions of blank pekmez and pestil were spiked with a mixture of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A to give levels ranging from 2.6 to 10.4 μg/kg and 1.0–4.0 μg/kg, respectively. Recoveries for total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A ranged from 84 to 106% and 80–97%, respectively, for spiked samples. Based on results for spiked pekmez and pestil (30 replicates each at three levels), the repeatability RSD ranged from 1.6 to 12% and 2.7–11% for total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Conclusions: The method performance in terms of recovery, repeatability, and detection limits has been demonstrated to be suitable for use as an Official Method. Highlights: First immunoaffinity column method validated for simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in pekmez and pestil. Suitability for use for official purposes in Turkey, demonstrated by single-laboratory validation. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and OTA in mulberry and carob pekmez reported for the first time.
Romer Labs RapidChek®Listeria monocytogenes Test System for the Detection of L. monocytogenes on Selected Foods and Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Juck Gregory , Gonzalez Verapaz , Allen Ann-Christine Olsson , Sutzko Meredith , Seward Kody , Muldoon Mark T 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Romer Labs RapidChek®Listeria monocytogenes test system (Performance Tested Method 011805) was validated against the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA-FSIS/MLG), U.S. Food and Drug Association Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM), and AOAC Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC/OMA) cultural reference methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes on selected foods including hot dogs, frozen cooked breaded chicken, frozen cooked shrimp, cured ham, and ice cream, and environmental surfaces including stainless steel and plastic in an unpaired study design. The RapidChek method uses a proprietary enrichment media system, a 44–48 h enrichment at 30 ± 1°C, and detects L. monocytogenes on an immunochromatographic lateral flow device within 10 min. Different L. monocytogenes strains were used to spike each of the matrixes. Samples were confirmed based on the reference method confirmations and an alternate confirmation method. A total of 140 low-level spiked samples were tested by the RapidChek method after enrichment for 44–48 h in parallel with the cultural reference method. There were 88 RapidChek presumptive positives. One of the presumptive positives was not confirmed culturally. Additionally, one of the culturally confirmed samples did not exhibit a presumptive positive. No difference between the alternate confirmation method and reference confirmation method was observed. The respective cultural reference methods (USDA-FSIS/MLG, FDA/BAM, and AOAC/OMA) produced a total of 63 confirmed positive results. Nonspiked samples from all foods were reported as negative for L. monocytogenes by all methods. Probability of detection analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the number of positive samples detected by the RapidChek method and the respective cultural reference method.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Authors: Coppolaro Lucia 
Published: May 2018

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was negotiated after World War II, when international organizations were established to ensure a stable world economic environment. It was signed on October 30, 1947, by twenty‐three countries to provide a set of rules for the orderly conduct of international trade relations and the reductions of trade barriers.The GATT was meant to be applied provisionally, pending the ratification of the International Trade Organization (ITO), negotiated in 1948. After the failure of the ITO in 1950, GATT came to regulate the multilateral trading system until 1994, when the World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced it. In almost fifty years of activities, GATT proved to be an effective instrument of liberalization. GATT's main activities unfolded in eight trade conferences – called rounds – during which trade barriers were progressively reduced and more areas and sectors were brought into the GATT regulatory framework. By 1994, 125 countries had become signatories to its agreements.
Printable Skin‐Driven Mechanoluminescence Devices via Nanodoped Matrix Modification
Authors: Qian Xin , Cai Zheren , Su Meng , Li Fengyu , Fang Wei , Li Yudong , Zhou Xue , Li Qunyang , Feng Xiqiao , Li Wenbo , Hu Xiaotian , Wang Xiandi , Pan Caofeng , Song Yanlin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMechanically driven light generation is an exciting and under‐exploited phenomenon with a variety of possible practical applications. However, the current driving mode of mechanoluminescence (ML) devices needs strong stimuli. Here, a flexible sensitive ML device via nanodopant elasticity modulus modification is introduced. Rigid ZnS:M2+(Mn/Cu)@Al2O3 microparticles are dispersed into soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film and printed out to form flexible devices. For various flexible and sensitive scenes, SiO2 nanoparticles are adopted to adjust the elasticity modulus of the PDMS matrix. The doped nanoparticles can concentrate stress to ZnS:M2+(Mn/Cu)@Al2O3 microparticles and achieve intense ML under weak stimuli of the moving skin. The printed nano‐/microparticle‐doped matrix film can achieve skin‐driven ML, which can be adopted to present fetching augmented animations expressions. The printable ML film, amenable to large areas, low‐cost manufacturing, and mechanical softness will be versatile on stress visualization, luminescent sensors, and open definitely new functional skin with novel augmented animations expressions, the photonic skin.
Stature estimation equations for South Asian skeletons based on DXA scans of contemporary adults
Authors: Pomeroy Emma , Mushrif‐Tripathy Veena , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Kulkarni Bharati , Kinra Sanjay , Stock Jay T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesStature estimation from the skeleton is a classic anthropological problem, and recent years have seen the proliferation of population‐specific regression equations. Many rely on the anatomical reconstruction of stature from archaeological skeletons to derive regression equations based on long bone lengths, but this requires a collection with very good preservation. In some regions, for example, South Asia, typical environmental conditions preclude the sufficient preservation of skeletal remains. Large‐scale epidemiological studies that include medical imaging of the skeleton by techniques such as dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) offer new potential datasets for developing such equations.Materials and methodsWe derived estimation equations based on known height and bone lengths measured from DXA scans from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (Hyderabad, India). Given debates on the most appropriate regression model to use, multiple methods were compared, and the performance of the equations was tested on a published skeletal dataset of individuals with known stature.ResultsThe equations have standard errors of estimates and prediction errors similar to those derived using anatomical reconstruction or from cadaveric datasets. As measured by the number of significant differences between true and estimated stature, and the prediction errors, the new equations perform as well as, and generally better than, published equations commonly used on South Asian skeletons or based on Indian cadaveric datasets.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the utility of DXA scans as a data source for developing stature estimation equations and offer a new set of equations for use with South Asian datasets.
Die exponentielle isotherme Amplifikation von Nukleinsäuren und Assays zur Detektion von Proteinen, Zellen, kleinen Molekülen und Enzymaktivitäten: Anwendungen für EXPAR
Authors: Reid Michael S. , Le X. Chris , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIsotherme exponentielle Amplifikationstechniken, wie die Strangverdrängungsamplifikation (SDA), die Rolling‐Circle‐Amplifikation (RCA), die Loop‐vermittelte isotherme Amplifikation (LAMP), die Nukleinsäuresequenz‐basierte Amplifikation (NASBA), die Helikase‐abhängige Amplifikation (HDA) und die Rekombinase‐Polymerase‐Amplifikation (RPA) besitzen großes Anwendungspotential für Vor‐Ort‐Analysen, patientennahe Labordiagnostik und In‐situ‐Assays. Diese Amplifikationsmethoden benötigen im Gegensatz zur Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) keine Temperaturzyklen, liefern aber vergleichbare Ausbeuten. In diesem Kurzaufsatz stellen wir die neuesten Entwicklungen der exponentiellen Amplifikationsreaktion (EXPAR) zur Detektion von Nukleinsäuren, Proteinen, Enzymaktivitäten, Zellen und Metallionen vor. Mithilfe der Verwendung von Fluoreszenz, Kolorimetrie, Chemilumineszenz, Raman und elektrochemischer Verfahren konnte bereits eine hoch sensitive Detektion einer Vielzahl verschiedener Ziele (Targets) realisiert werden. Dennoch bleiben offene Fragen, wie insbesondere die der unerwünschten Hintergrundamplifikation aus unspezifischen Templat‐Interaktionen, die es zu lösen gilt, um die Entwicklung der isothermen und exponentiellen Amplifikationstechniken weiter voranzutreiben.
Ein asymmetrisches kovalentes Triazin‐Netzwerk für effiziente Photoredox‐Katalyse durch Energietransfer‐Kaskaden unter sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Huang Wei , Byun Jeehye , Rörich Irina , Ramanan Charusheela , Blom Paul W. M. , Lu Hao , Wang Di , Caire da Silva Lucas , Li Run , Wang Lei , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUm die Konstruktion der natürlichen Photosynthese‐Systeme zu imitieren, werden meist komplexe Mehrkomponenten‐Halbleiter‐Photokatalysatoren hergestellt, damit eine erhöhte katalytische Effizienz erreicht werden kann. Die Effizienz der Einkomponenten‐Photokatalysatoren ist jedoch aufgrund der schnellen Rekombination der photogenerierten Exzitonen beeinträchtigt. Hier zeigen wir das Design eines asymmetrischen kovalenten Triazin‐Netzwerkes, das als effizienterer und rein organischer Einkomponenten‐Photokatalysator fungiert. Das asymmetrische kovalente Triazin‐Netzwerk beinhaltet auf molekularer Ebene vier verschiedene Donor‐Akzeptor‐Domänen. Ein solches strukturelles Design führt zu einer verbesserten photogenerierten Ladungsseparation, die durch intramolekulare Energietransfer‐Kaskaden zustande kommt. Im Vergleich zu den symmetrischen kovalenten Triazin‐Netzwerken, zeigt das asymmetrische Netzwerk eine wesentlich höhere photokatalytische Effizienz bei der Herstellung von Benzophospholoxiden aus Diphenylphosphinoxiden und Diphenylacetylenen unter Bestrahlung mitsichtbares Licht.
Structural Basis of Outstanding Multivalent Effects in Jack Bean α‐Mannosidase Inhibition
Authors: Howard Eduardo , Cousido‐Siah Alexandra , Lepage Mathieu L. , Schneider Jérémy P. , Bodlenner Anne , Mitschler André , Meli Alessandra , Izzo Irene , Alvarez H. Ariel , Podjarny Alberto , Compain Philippe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMultivalent design of glycosidase inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of diseases involving enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates. An essential prerequisite for successful applications is the atomic‐level understanding of how outstanding binding enhancement occurs with multivalent inhibitors. Herein we report the first high‐resolution crystal structures of the Jack bean α‐mannosidase (JBα‐man) in apo and inhibited states. The three‐dimensional structure of JBα‐man in complex with the multimeric cyclopeptoid‐based inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far provides decisive insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying multivalent effects in glycosidase inhibition.
Spontaneously Self‐Assembled Naphthalimide Nanosheets: Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Unveiling a‐PET for Sensitive Detection of Organic Volatile Contaminants in Water
Authors: Meher Niranjan , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple design strategy of long alkyl chain substitution was formulated to block the detrimental π–π interaction that potentially transforms the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) chromophores into aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active smart nanomaterials. The long octadecyl pendant chain substituted naphthalimide (NI) derivatives self‐assembled into fluorescent nanosheets (NS)‐like structures that spontaneously have surfaces coated with NI cores in water. The fluorescent NS were subsequently used to recognize the organic volatile contaminants (OVCs) at ppb levels via an acceptor‐excited photoinduced electron transfer (a‐PET) mechanism, unveiled as the first representative example. A new design strategy is thereby provided to detect toxic xylene derivatives in water using smart nanomaterials.
Engineering the Frontier Orbitals of a Diazadiborinine for Facile Activation of H2, NH3, and an Isonitrile
Authors: Su Yuanting , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , Kinjo Rei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn annulated 1,3,2,5‐diazadiborinine with 14 π electrons has been synthesized and fully characterized. Experimental and computational studies revealed that this compound features a rather small HOMO–LUMO gap, which leads to enhanced reactivity towards small molecules. Thus, the 1,3,2,5‐diazadiborinine readily cleaves the H−H bond of dihydrogen and an N−H bond of ammonia under mild conditions. Moreover, it reacts with 2,6‐dimethylphenylisonitrile in a [4+1] cycloaddition at room temperature.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐ and (±)‐Hosieine A
Authors: Huang Yu‐Wen , Kong Ke , Wood John L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDescribed herein is a concise total synthesis of the highly potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand hosieine A in racemic and enantioenriched forms. The synthesis requires only seven steps and features a telescoped reaction sequence initiated by a gold‐catalyzed Rautenstrauch reaction.
An Abnormal 3.7 Volt O3‐Type Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Xin Hanshen , Zuo Tong‐Tong , Li Qinghao , Yang Xinan , Yin Ya‐Xia , Gao Xike , Yu Xiqian , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLayered O3‐type sodium oxides (NaMO2, M=transition metal) commonly exhibit an O3–P3 phase transition, which occurs at a low redox voltage of about 3 V (vs. Na+/Na) during sodium extraction and insertion, with the result that almost 50 % of their total capacity lies at this low voltage region, and they possess insufficient energy density as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs). Therefore, development of high‐voltage O3‐type cathodes remains challenging because it is difficult to raise the phase‐transition voltage by reasonable structure modulation. A new example of O3‐type sodium insertion materials is presented for use in NIBs. The designed O3‐type Na0.7Ni0.35Sn0.65O2 material displays a highest redox potential of 3.7 V (vs. Na+/Na) among the reported O3‐type materials based on the Ni2+/Ni3+ couple, by virtue of its increased Ni−O bond ionicity through reduced orbital overlap between transition metals and oxygen within the MO2 slabs. This study provides an orbital‐level understanding of the operating potentials of the nominal redox couples for O3‐NaMO2 cathodes. The strategy described could be used to tailor electrodes for improved performance.
Erneuerbare Polyether über die GaBr3‐katalysierte Reduktion von Polyestern
Authors: Dannecker Patrick‐Kurt , Biermann Ursula , von Czapiewski Marc , Metzger Jürgen O. , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEin neues Konzept zur Synthese mittel‐ bis langkettiger aliphatischer Polyether beruht auf der GaBr3‐katalysierten Reduktion verschiedener Polyester mit TMDS als Reduktionsmittel. Eine Reihe linearer und verzweigter Polyester wurde synthetisiert und systematisch im Hinblick auf diese Reduktionsstrategie untersucht, wodurch die Eignung und Vielseitigkeit dieses Reduktionsverfahrens demonstriert werden konnten. Die mittel‐ und langkettigen Polyether wurden aus den entsprechenden Polyestern ohne oder mit geringfügigem Kettenabbau erhalten, wohingegen kurzkettige Polyester wie Poly‐l‐Milchsäure oder Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybuttersäure einen deutlichen Kettenabbau zeigten. Auf diese Weise konnten bislang unbekannte und unkonventionelle Polyether hergestellt und untersucht werden.
Total Synthesis and Biological Investigation of (−)‐Artemisinin: The Antimalarial Activity of Artemisinin Is not Stereospecific
Authors: Krieger Johannes , Smeilus Toni , Kaiser Marcel , Seo Ean‐Jeong , Efferth Thomas , Giannis Athanassios 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we describe an efficient and diversity‐oriented entry to both (−)‐artemisinin (1) and its natural antipode (+)‐artemisinin, starting from commercially and readily available S‐(+)‐ and R‐(−)‐citronellene, respectively. Subsequently, we answered the still open question regarding the specificity of artemisinins action. By using a drug‐sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain, we showed that the antimalarial activity of artemisinin is not stereospecific. Our straightforward and biomimetic approach to this natural endoperoxide enables the synthesis of artemisinin derivatives that are not accessible through applying current methods and may help to address the problem of emerging resistance of Plasmodium falciparum towards artemisinin.
Molecular Dynamics, Phase Transition and Frequency‐Tuned Dielectric Switch of an Ionic Co‐Crystal
Authors: Liu Jing‐Yan , Zhang Shi‐Yong , Zeng Ying , Shu Xia , Du Zi‐Yi , He Chun‐Ting , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDielectric switches that can be converted between high and low dielectric states by thermal stimuli have attracted much interest owing to their many potential applications. Currently one main drawback for practical application lies in the non‐tunability of their switch temperatures (TS). We report here an ionic co‐crystal (Me3NH)4[Ni(NCS)6] that contains a multiply rotatable Me3NH+ ion and a solely rotatable one due to a more spacious supramolecular cage for the former one. This compound undergoes an isostructural order–disorder phase transition and it can function as a frequency‐tuned dielectric switch with highly adjustable TS, which is further revealed by the variable‐temperature structure analyses and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, the distinct arrangements and molecular dynamics of two coexisting Me3NH+ ions confined in different lattice spaces as well as the notable offset effect on the promoting/hindering of dipolar reorientation after dielectric transition provide a rarely observed but fairly good model for understanding and modulating the dipole motion in crystalline environment.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carboxylation Reactions with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Tortajada Andreu , Juliá‐Hernández Francisco , Börjesson Marino , Moragas Toni , Martin Ruben 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDriven by the inherent synthetic potential of CO2 as an abundant, inexpensive and renewable C1 chemical feedstock, the recent years have witnessed renewed interest in devising catalytic CO2 fixations into organic matter. Although the formation of C−C bonds via catalytic CO2 fixation remained rather limited for a long period of time, a close look into the recent literature data indicates that catalytic carboxylation reactions have entered a new era of exponential growth, evolving into a mature discipline that allows for streamlining the synthesis of carboxylic acids, building blocks of utmost relevance in industrial endeavors. These strategies have generally proven broadly applicability and convenient to perform. However, substantial challenges still need to be addressed reinforcing the need to cover metal‐catalyzed carboxylation area in a conceptual and concise manner, delineating the underlying new principles that are slowly emerging in this vibrant area of expertise.
Ultrathin Titanate Nanosheets/Graphene Films Derived from Confined Transformation for Excellent Na/K Ion Storage
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Xie Fangxi , Yang Xianfeng , Jaroniec Mietek , Zhang Lei , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractConfined transformation of assembled two‐dimensional MXene (titanium carbide) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets was employed to prepare the free‐standing films of the integrated ultrathin sodium titanate (NTO)/potassium titanate (KTO) nanosheets sandwiched between graphene layers. The ultrathin Ti‐based nanosheets reduce the diffusion distance while rGO layers enhance conductivity. Incorporation of graphene into the titanate films produced efficient binder‐free anodes for ion storage. The resulting flexible NTO/rGO and KTO/rGO electrodes exhibited excellent rate performances and long cycling stability characterized by reversible capacities of 72 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 10000 cycles and 75 mA h g−1 after 700 cycles at 2 A g−1 for sodium and potassium ion batteries, respectively. These results demonstrate the superiority of the unique sandwich‐type electrodes.
Novel proportional–integral–derivative controller with second order filter for integrating processes
Authors: Medarametla Praveen Kumar , M Manimozhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany chemical and nonchemical processes exhibit integrating behavior. This paper presents new approach for deriving parameters of proportional–integral–derivative controller for various types of integrating processes. In order to obtain enhanced performance, the controller is augmented by a second order filter. In the process of deriving controller and filter parameters, time delay is approximated by second order Laguerre shift. Analytical tuning rules are derived on the basis of the sensitivity of loop transfer function. With the help of polynomial method, the poles are placed so as to minimize the overshoot in the servo response. A set point filter is also employed to mitigate the overshoot and settling time in servo response. Besides, the set point filter is able to decouple servo and regulatory responses. The proposed method is compared with recently proposed methods. The evaluation is carried out in terms of various performance indices. Investigation of evaluation results reveals that the proposed method offers considerable improvement over the existing methods.