bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between nurse manager's transformational leadership style and medication safety
Authors: Lappalainen Margit , Härkänen Marja , Kvist Tarja 
Published: August 2019

AimTo describe medication safety, transformational leadership and their relationship as evaluated by Registered Nurses.BackgroundMedication safety is one of the aspects of patient safety and an important part of nurses' daily practices. Nurse managers can ensure medication safety by adopting a transformational leadership style. However, little evidence exists regarding how transformational leadership relates to medication safety.MethodsData were collected from Registered Nurses (n = 161) in three Finnish hospitals in May 2016 using an electronic questionnaire incorporating the Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS) and Medication Safety Scale (MSS). Data were analysed using statistical analyses including descriptive analyses, principal component analysis and multivariate analyses. STROBE reporting guidelines were followed (see Appendix S1).FindingsNurses evaluated medication safety and transformational leadership in their units to be excellent and good, respectively. There was a moderate but statistically significant correlation between transformational leadership and medication safety. The medication competence of nurses and the management of nursing processes were significantly related to medication safety.ConclusionsNurse managers' transformational leadership style can promote medication safety in units. The medication competence of nurses must be addressed because assurance and confidence in their own expertise in pharmacotherapeutic tasks positively affects their perceptions of medication safety.
Spatial distribution of soil salinity and potential implications for soil management in the Manas River watershed, China
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Liu Yingxia , Wang Shaoming , Liu Huiming , Fu Guangqiang , Xiong Youcai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the watershed‐scale spatial distribution of soil salinity and its compositions is important for soil management. Here, we present the first study on the Manas River watershed in northwest China. In this study, we took soil samples in upper 20 cm of soil from 186 locations across the watershed and measured total salt concentration (TSC), salt ion composition and soil particle size distribution (PSD). We found that on average topsoil TSC tended to increase, from 3.55 g kg−1 in upstream regions to 19.40 g kg−1 in downstream regions. The stoichiometric analysis showed that the equivalence ratio of soil Cl‐ to SO42− increased from 0.53 in upstream regions to 2.12 in midstream regions, and further to 3.76 in downstream regions; thus, the soil types were classified into chloride–sulfate, sulfate–chloride and chloride soils types, respectively. Additionally, proportions of small (<2 μm in diameter) and large (>2,000 μm) soil particles increased, while that of medium sizes (2–50 μm) decreased from upstream to downstream, with an increasing coefficient of variance (CV) in PSD. Taken together, watershed‐scale topsoil salinity may be horizontally characterized by increased TSC and Na+ & Cl− proportions, greater equivalence ratio of Cl− vs. SO42− and more balanced distribution of PSD along with surface water flow. Results demonstrated that soil salinity and its ions compositions showed a great variation across the watershed scale, suggesting that soil management may consider the spatial heterogeneity of saline–alkaline soil types, and our results provided scientific guidance for local soil management and restoration.
PEPtalk2: results of a pilot randomised controlled trial to compare VZIG and aciclovir as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) against chickenpox in children with cancer
Authors: Bate Jessica , Baker Stephen , Breuer Judith , Chisholm Julia C , Gray Juliet , Hambleton Sophie , Houlton Aimee , Jit Mark , Lowis Stephen , Makin Guy , O’Sullivan Catherine , Patel Soonie R , Phillips Robert , Ransinghe Neil , Ramsay Mary Elizabeth , Skinner Roderick , Wheatley Keith , Heath Paul T 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the likely rate of patient randomisation and to facilitate sample size calculation for a full-scale phase III trial of varicella zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) and aciclovir as postexposure prophylaxis against chickenpox in children with cancer.DesignMulticentre pilot randomised controlled trial of VZIG and oral aciclovir.SettingEngland, UK.PatientsChildren under 16 years of age with a diagnosis of cancer: currently or within 6 months of receiving cancer treatment and with negative varicella zoster virus (VZV) serostatus at diagnosis or within the last 3 months.InterventionsStudy participants who have a significant VZV exposure were randomised to receive PEP in the form of VZIG or aciclovir after the exposure.Main outcome measuresNumber of patients registered and randomised within 12 months of the trial opening to recruitment and incidence of breakthrough varicella.ResultsThe study opened in six sites over a 13-month period. 482 patients were screened for eligibility, 32 patients were registered and 3 patients were randomised following VZV exposure. All three were randomised to receive aciclovir and there were no cases of breakthrough varicella.ConclusionsGiven the limited recruitment to the PEPtalk2 pilot, it is unlikely that the necessary sample size would be achievable using this strategy in a full-scale trial. The study identified factors that could be used to modify the design of a definitive trial but other options for defining the best means to protect such children against VZV should be explored.Trial registration numberISRCTN48257441, EudraCT number: 2013-001332-22, sponsor: University of Birmingham.
Qualitative study: patients’ and parents’ views on brain tumour MRIs
Authors: Tyldesley-Marshall Natalie , Greenfield Sheila , Neilson Susan , English Martin , Adamski Jenny , Peet Andrew 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMRI is essential to the clinical management of children and young people with brain tumours. Advances in technology have made images more complicated to interpret, yet more easily available digitally. It is common practice to show these to patients and families, but how they emotionally respond to, understand and value, seeing brain tumour MRIs has not been formally studied.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 14 families (8 patients, 15 parents) purposively sampled from paediatric patients (0 to 18 years) attending a large UK children’s hospital for treatment or monitoring of a brain tumour. Transcripts were analysed thematically using the Framework Method.ResultsFour themes were identified: Receiving results (waiting for results, getting results back, preferences to see images), Emotional responses to MRIs, Understanding of images (what they can show, what they cannot show, confusion) and Value of MRIs (aesthetics, aiding understanding, contextualised knowledge/emotional benefits, enhanced control, enhanced working relationships, no value). All families found value in seeing MRIs, including reassurance, hope, improved understanding and enhanced feeling of control over the condition. However emotional responses varied enormously.ConclusionsClinical teams should always explain MRIs after ‘framing’ the information. This should minimise participant confusion around meaning, periodically evident even after many years. Patient and parent preferences for being shown MRIs varied, and often changed over time, therefore clinicians should identify, record and update these preferences. Time between scanning and receiving the result was stressful causing ‘scanxiety’, but most prioritised accuracy over speed of receiving results.
Unilateral remote temperature monitoring to predict future ulceration for the diabetic foot in remission
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A , Petersen Brian J , Linders David R , Bloom Jonathan D , Rothenberg Gary M , Armstrong David G 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveDaily remote foot temperature monitoring is an evidence-based preventive practice for patients at risk for diabetic foot complications. Unfortunately, the conventional approach requires comparison of temperatures between contralaterally matched anatomy, limiting practice in high-risk cohorts such as patients with a wound to one foot and those with proximal lower extremity amputation (LEA). We developed and assessed a novel approach for monitoring of a single foot for the prevention and early detection of diabetic foot complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and lead time associated with unilateral diabetic foot temperature monitoring.Research design and methodsWe used comparisons among ipsilateral foot temperatures and between foot temperatures and ambient temperature as a marker of inflammation. We analyzed data collected from a 129-participant longitudinal study to evaluate the predictive accuracy of our approach. To evaluate classification accuracy, we constructed a receiver operator characteristic curve and reported sensitivity, specificity, and lead time for four different monitoring settings.ResultsUsing this approach, monitoring a single foot was found to predict 91% of impending non-acute plantar foot ulcers on average 41 days before clinical presentation with a resultant mean 4.2 alerts per participant-year. By adjusting the threshold temperature setting, the specificity could be increased to 78% with corresponding reduced sensitivity of 53%, lead time of 33 days, and 2.2 alerts per participant-year.ConclusionsGiven the high incidence of subsequent diabetic foot complications to the sound foot in patients with a history of proximal LEA and patients being treated for a wound, practice of daily temperature monitoring of a single foot has the potential to significantly improve outcomes and reduce resource utilization in this challenging high-risk population.
Tumour characteristics provide evidence for germline mismatch repair missense variant pathogenicity
Authors: Li Shuwei , Qian Dajun , Thompson Bryony A , Gutierrez Stephanie , Wu Sitao , Pesaran Tina , LaDuca Holly , Lu Hsiao-Mei , Chao Elizabeth C , Black Mary Helen 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2,MSH6andPMS2) increase risk for Lynch syndrome and related cancers. We quantified tumour characteristics to assess variant pathogenicity for germline MMR genes.MethodsAmong 4740 patients with cancer with microsatellite instability (MSI) and immunohistochemical (IHC) results, we tested MMR pathogenic variant association with MSI/IHC status, and estimated likelihood ratios which we used to compute a tumour characteristic likelihood ratio (TCLR) for each variant. Predictive performance ofTCLRin combination within silicopredictors, and a multifactorial variant prediction (MVP) model that included allele frequency, co-occurrence, co-segregation, and clinical and family history information was assessed.ResultsCompared with non-carriers, carriers of germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were more likely to have abnormal MSI/IHC status (p<0.0001). Among 150 classified missense variants, 73.3% were accurately predicted withTCLRalone. Models leveragingin silicoscores as prior probabilities accurately classified >76.7% variants. AddingTCLRas quantitative evidence in an MVP model (MVP +TCLRPred) increased the proportion of accurately classified variants from 88.0% (MVP alone) to 98.0% and generated optimal performance statistics among all models tested. Importantly, MVP +TCLRPredresulted in the high yield of predicted classifications for missense variants of unknown significance (VUS); among 193 VUS, 62.7% were predicted as P/PL or benign/likely benign (B/LB) when assessed according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that when used separately or in conjunction with other evidence, tumour characteristics provide evidence for germline MMR missense variant assessment, which may have important implications for genetic testing and clinical management.
Deterministic bidirectional quantum-controlled teleportation with six-qubit maximally entangled state
Authors: Zhang Wanbin 
Published: August 2019

Each of three nodes in a quantum network has two qubits. The total six qubits are in a maximally entangled state [Helwig et al., Phys. Rev. A 86, 052335 (2012)]. Using such an entangled state as quantum channel, we put forward three deterministic bidirectional quantum-controlled teleportation (BQCT) schemes. To be specific, BQCT can be realized between any two nodes in a deterministic manner with another as the control. Alternatively, the BQCT capacity of such state in the given qubit distribution is thus essentially revealed by virtue of the schemes.
Structural, optoelectronic and elastic properties of quaternary perovskites CaPd3B4O12 (B = Ti, V)
Authors: Mehmood Shahid , Ali Zahid , Hashmi Zainab , Khan Sahar 
Published: August 2019

Perovskites CaPd3B4O[Formula: see text] (B = Ti, V) are studied theoretically using generalized gradient approximation (GGA), GGA-modified Becke–Johnson (GGA-mBJ), GGA with spin-orbit coupling (GGA + SOC) and hybrid functional (HF) in the domain of density functional theory (DFT). The estimated structural parameters are reliable with the experimentally reported data. Cohesive energy and enthalpy show that these compounds are stable thermodynamically. Bonding nature makes known that the chemical bond between Ca/Ti–O is ionic, Pd/V–O is covalent and Ti/V–Ti/V is metallic. The mechanical properties show that these compounds are stable, elastically anisotropic and ductile in nature. CaPd3Ti4O[Formula: see text] is a 2.94 eV direct-wide bandgap semiconductor through GGA-mBJ and consistent with experiments. The optical properties show that CaPd3Ti4O[Formula: see text] is a good dielectric material. The dense electronic states and the wide-gap semiconductor nature of CaPd3Ti4O[Formula: see text] suggest that it can be used as a good thermoelectric material.
YES1 Is a Targetable Oncogene in Cancers Harboring YES1 Gene Amplification
Authors: Hamanaka Natsuki , Nakanishi Yoshito , Mizuno Takakazu , Horiguchi-Takei Kana , Akiyama Nukinori , Tanimura Hiromi , Hasegawa Masami , Satoh Yasuko , Tachibana Yukako , Fujii Toshihiko , Sakata Kiyoaki , Ogasawara Kiyomoto , Ebiike Hirosato , Koyano Hiroshi , Sato Haruhiko , Ishii Nobuya , Mio Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Targeting genetic alterations of oncogenes by molecular-targeted agents (MTA) is an effective approach for treating cancer. However, there are still no clinical MTA options for many cancers, including esophageal cancer. We used a short hairpin RNA library to screen for a new oncogene in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE70 and identified YES proto-oncogene 1 (YES1) as having a significant impact on tumor growth. An analysis of clinical samples showed that YES1 gene amplification existed not only in esophageal cancer but also in lung, head and neck, bladder, and other cancers, indicating that YES1 would be an attractive target for a cancer drug. Because there is no effective YES1 inhibitor so far, we generated a YES1 kinase inhibitor, CH6953755. YES1 kinase inhibition by CH6953755 led to antitumor activity against YES1-amplified cancers in vitro and in vivo. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) played a role downstream of YES1 and contributed to the growth of YES1-amplified cancers. YES1 regulated YAP1 transcription activity by controlling its nuclear translocation and serine phosphorylation. These findings indicate that the regulation of YAP1 by YES1 plays an important role in YES1-amplified cancers and that CH6953755 has therapeutic potential in such cancers.

Significance:
These findings identify the SRC family kinase YES1 as a targetable oncogene in esophageal cancer and describe a new inhibitor for YES1 that has potential for clinical utility.
See related commentary by Rai, p. 5702
Abstract 1: A small molecule inhibits Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Di , Livingston Corbin , Dexheimer Thomas , Ellsworth Edmund , Odom Aaron , Liby Karen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Activation of the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway is a master defense mechanism protecting against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Nrf2 was traditionally considered cancer-preventing, as Nrf2 deficiency enhances susceptibility to carcinogens in a variety of mouse models. However, increasing evidence suggests a tumor-promoting role for Nrf2 in established tumors: gain of function mutations in NFE2L2, which activates the Nrf2 pathway, or loss of function mutations in its negative regulator, Keap1, have been found most frequently in lung cancer. Constitutive activation of the Nrf2 pathway is associated with chemoresistance and poor survival. Nrf2 inhibitors, therefore, become potential novel drugs for cancer treatment and needed tool compounds to study the Nrf2 pathway in cancer. To identify Nrf2 inhibitors, we conducted a high throughput screen with a diverse set of small molecules (~6500 compounds). 890 compounds were identified as hits, and a funnel strategy was applied to filter through the hits and select lead compounds. Although other known Nrf2 inhibitors were identified, a potentially novel compound, MSU225, was chosen as a lead for further evaluation. MSU225 downregulated tBHQ (tert-butyl hydroquinone)-induced Nrf2 transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay without inducing cell death. When A549 human lung cancer cells, in which Keap1 is mutated inducing constitutive activation of Nrf2, were treated with 5 µM MSU225, the mRNA expression of HMOX1, NQO1, GST1A1, GCLC, GCLM, and UGT1A6, all downstream targets of Nrf2, were decreased. Moreover, MSU225 significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased the protein level of Nrf2 in A549 cells. The effect of MSU225 on Nrf2 protein levels was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting MSU225 enhances Nrf2 degradation through the proteasome system. In addition, MSU225 inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells (A549, H460, A427) in soft agar. Cells addicted to Nrf2 were more susceptible to MSU225 for suppression of cell proliferation than cells not addicted to Nrf2. MSU225 also sensitized A549 cells to carboplatin treatment. Our results suggest that MSU225 is a novel Nrf2 inhibitor, and additional in vivo studies will be done to determine if it can be used to treat experimental lung cancer.
Citation Format: Di Zhang, Corbin Livingston, Thomas Dexheimer, Edmund Ellsworth, Aaron Odom, Karen Liby. A small molecule inhibits Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1.
Abstract 1009: On the role of DEAR1 as a novel ubiquitin ligase for ER alpha and predictor of tamoxifen response in ER positive breast cancer
Authors: Balasenthil Seetharaman , Chen Nanyue , Killary Ann 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for over 70% of breast cancers. Targeted adjuvant therapies aimed at estrogen receptor have changed the natural history of the disease. However, over time many tumors develop resistance mechanisms which result in overall poor outcome. Thus, biomarkers that could predict response to antiestrogens are critically needed and would have major clinical impact. Thus, it is imperative that additional novel mechanisms be discovered not only to understand the basic underlying biology of ER alpha (ERα) signaling in order to identify genetic alterations that deregulate ERα and its role in breast cancer. DEAR1 is a tumor suppressor gene which is mutated, undergoes loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer. Previously we observed a subset of DEAR1 mutations in early onset breast cancers from premenopausal women, therefore we hypothesized that DEAR1 may function in the regulation of ERα signaling and conversely that mutations in DEAR1 (observed in human breast cancers) will abrogate that effect and could play a role in resistance to antiestrogen therapies. To test this hypothesis we studied the effect of DEAR1 expression on ERα. DEAR1 overexpression downregulated ERα expression and stability suggestive that DEAR1 may regulate ER signaling. DEAR1 interacted with ERα by immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays. Next we studied whether E3 ligase DEAR1 facilitates the degradation of ERα by promoting the ubiquitination of ERα. Our results indicate that DEAR1 promoted the polyubiquitination of ERα. To assess the effect of DEAR1 on estrogen mediated response, we examined the effect of DEAR1 on ERα-mediated transactivation using ERE-luciferase reporters. Results indicate that DEAR1 significantly inhibits estrogen-mediated transcriptional activity of ERα. We also studied the effect of DEAR1 in antiestrogen resistance using tamoxifen resistant cells. Preliminary results suggest that the presence of DEAR1 promoted the action of antiestrogen in tamoxifen resistant cell line. We have identified a new novel E3 ligase with regulatory effect of ERα signaling and potential implications in antiestrogen resistance.
Citation Format: Seetharaman Balasenthil, Nanyue Chen, Ann Killary. On the role of DEAR1 as a novel ubiquitin ligase for ER alpha and predictor of tamoxifen response in ER positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1009.