bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Before and After
Authors: Findikcioglu Kemal , Sibar Serhat , Otgoz Duygu , Ozmen Selahattin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Face transplantation is one of the most popular and controversial subjects of plastic surgery today. Although there are various surveys on the subject, there is no study comparing the past and the present social viewpoint and behavioral preferences for face transplantations across the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the views of the Turkish society with respect to face transplantation from past to present. For this purpose, 1000 volunteer participants were questioned in terms of demographics and their perspective and preferences on organ and face transplantation. The results of the study were compared with the past data, and based on the results, the level of consciousness and awareness of the Turkish society about the subject has increased; the rate risk taking for immunosuppression has decreased, and instead, the rate of having an undecided stance has increased, and this attitude continues even if the risk is resolved. With these results, we can conclude that the greatest handicap for face transplantation in the Turkish society today is immunosuppression and the associated risks. We believe that new drug protocols and monitoring of patient outcomes for longer periods as well as more extensive clinical applications may be beneficial in addressing this issue.
Constitutional Challenges to Liver Transplant Policy
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Wexler Rachel , Goldman Edward , Volk Michael 
Published: April 2019

Background.
Liver transplant candidacy determination can be contentious. When transplantation is declined for reasons perceived as violating fundamental rights or discriminating against a protected class—for example, age, race, religion, nationality—the case may involve a constitutional claim. Judicial review of such cases may result in decisions with sweeping implications for transplant policy.

Methods.
We reviewed all published court opinions involving liver transplantation in 2 legal databases (Lexis Nexus and WestLaw). We included all cases that involved a denial of liver transplant candidacy in violation of constitutional rights.

Results.
The search returned 1562 cases: 290 involved the denial of insurance coverage for a transplant due to a patient’s failure to abstain from drinking, 273 cases involved incarcerated inmates who were denied a liver transplant, 2 involved a constitutional claim for patient requesting a bloodless transplant for religious reasons, and 2 cases arose from age discrimination in transplant criteria. These cases highlight legal pitfalls related to the First Amendment (religious freedom), Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment), and the Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection and due process).

Conclusions.
The risk of a constitutional claim highlights concrete steps needed to ensure the equity of transplant policy. These include efforts to standardize transplant candidacy criteria across payers for candidates with alcohol-related liver disease and advanced age. Efforts to constrain emerging liabilities related to the citizenship of transplant candidates and the definition of donor service areas are also discussed.
A novel deep-sea sponge bacterium producing two promising antimicrobial candidates
Authors: Aldarhami Abdu , Felek Arif , Farnham Garry , Desriac Florie , Howell Kerry , Upton Mathew 
Published: April 2019

Background
Natural product screening methods are arguably the most efficient way to identify novel antibiotics. Exploiting obscure, hard to reach environments, implementing the latest high-throughput next generation sequencing techniques, performing in silico analysis and synthesis/recombinant expression of promising candidates may increase the discovery of unique agents.

Materials/methods
Deep-sea sponges were collected (∼1000 m depth) in the North Atlantic Ocean and bacteria were recovered. One strain (EU4) was selected for detailed analysis. Strain EU4 produced an inhibitor into liquid media. This compound was purified using liquid chromatography andmatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis was performed. In parallel, the draft genome was obtained and analysed using BAGEL-3 and anti SMASH-4.0mining tools. Successful synthetic production was obtained for a candidate identified using antiSMASH.

Results
Analysis ofthedraft genome (5.8Mbp) indicates that strain EU4is a novel member of the Bacillaceae. To date, the produced compound showed activity towards Micrococcus luteus only, while the synthetic compound displays a broad spectrum of activity towards Gram positive and negative bacteria. In addition, based on MALDI analysis, the synthetic and the naturally produced compounds possess different molecular weights, being approximately 4 kDa and 1.7 kDa, respectively.

Conclusions
Bacteria recovered from deep-sea sponges couldpotentially be a rich source for novel compounds. In silico analysis of producer genomes has provided a means of identifying cryptic compounds, not produced in culture. Further study of both compounds, which showed diverse activity spectra, may lead to promising new candidates for development into clinically relevant therapeutics.
Cross-sectional study of respiratory Aspergillus spp. colonization or infection in patients with various stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using culture vs non-culture based technique
Authors: Waqas Sarmad , Dunne Katie , Talento Alida Fe , Wilson Graham , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Keane Joseph , Rogers Thomas R 
Published: April 2019

Background
COPD patients are now recognized to be at increased risk of colonization by Aspergillus spp. which may progress to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IA). Published data on the frequency of Aspergillus detection in COPD are limited.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine Aspergillus colonization or infection in COPD patients undergoing bronchoscopy for any indication. Culture as well as galactomannan antigen (GM) and Aspergillus nucleic acid detection (PCR) were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL).

Results
One hundred and fifty patients were included (44.7 % female, mean age 68.2 years). 21.3 % were inpatients, 74.7 % outpatients and 4 % were ICU patients. Investigation of lung masses was the most common indication (43.3 %) for bronchoscopy. Most patients (81.3 %) were either GOLD stage 1 or 2 COPD. Cancer was the most frequent co-morbidity (60.48 %). 12 % and 48.7 % were on systemic and inhaled steroids respectively. Lung mass was the most common (28.43 %) CT imaging finding. Seventeen patients (11.3 %) had a positive result for Aspergillus (Culture+Galactomannan+PCR). 76.4 % out of these seventeen were in the early stages (GOLD stage 1 or 2) of COPD.

Conclusion

Aspergillus sp. was detected in 3.3 % of patients by culture, which increased to 11.3 % if culture was combined with either a positive GM or PCR result. Overall the frequency of Aspergillus detection in this population of COPD patients was low which may reflect the predominance of Gold stages 1 and 2 among the study population.
Effect of antibacterial lipids on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Harvey Veritia , Brady Damien , Kealey Carmel 
Published: April 2019

Streptococcus mutans is the major cariogenic organism associated with Dental Caries, a widespread chronic disease of the oral cavity (Muras et al. 2018). It is associated with oral biofilm formation, production of organic acids, and has the capacity to out-compete non-cariogenic commensal species (Lemos et al. 2013). Recent studies carried out on fatty acids demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against S. mutans (Hughes, 2014). This study will evaluate the activity of lipids on S. mutans biofilm formation and proposes that dietary constituents may be used as a natural therapy to maintain oral hygiene. Clinical isolate S. mutans 3014 D5929 was exposed to various concentrations of lipid for 24 h. Crystal violet assay was performed for quantification of biofilm biomass. Fluorescent microscopy using SYTO® 9 and Alexa Fluor® 647-labelled dextran conjugate was performed to visualise biofilm formation pre- and post-exposure to MCO. Biofilm biomass was reduced for all lipid concentrations. Fluorescent microscopy indicated a significant reduction in bacterial cell number and a lack of structural biofilm upon exposure to fatty acid mixtures when compared to control. The research demonstrated that lipid does have S. mutans based antimicrobial and antibiofilm capabilities.
Cancer control is a key functionality underlying evolution of extended lifespan in mammals
Authors: Kowalczyk Amanda , Partha Raghavendran , Clark Nathan , Chikina Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe biological origin of life expectancy remains a fundamental and unanswered scientific question with important ramifications for human health, especially as the bulk of burden of human healthcare shifts from infectious to age-related diseases. The striking variability in life-span among animals occupying similar ecological niches1and the numerous mutations that have been shown to increase lifespan in model organisms2–5point to a considerable genetic contribution. Using mammalian comparative genomics, we correlate lifespan phenotypes with relative evolutionary rates, a measure of evolutionary selective pressure6. Our analysis demonstrates that many genes and pathways are under increased evolutionary constraint in both Long-Lived Large-bodied mammals (3L) and mammals Exceptionally Long-Lived given their size (ELL), suggesting that these genes and pathways contribute to the maintenance of both traits. For 3L species, we find strong evolutionary constraint on multiple pathways involved in controlling carcinogenesis, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and immune pathways. These findings provide additional perspective on the well-known Peto’s Paradox that large animals with large numbers of cells do not get cancer at higher rates than smaller animals with fewer cells7. For the ELL phenotype, our analysis strongly implicates pathways involved in DNA repair, further supporting the importance of DNA repair processes in aging8–12. Moreover, these correlations with lifespan phenotypes are consistent across the entire mammalian phylogeny, suggesting that additional constraint on these pathways is a universal requirement for long lifespan.
Estrogen accelerates heart regeneration by promoting inflammatory responses in zebrafish
Authors: Xu Shisan , Xie Fangjing , Fallah Samane , Babaei Fatemeh , Zhu Lina , Wong Kin Fung , Liang Yimin , Ramalingam Rajkumar , Sun Lei , Wang Xin , Lam Yun Wah , Cheng Shuk Han 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSexual differences are observed in the onset and prognosis of human cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we report that zebrafish heart regeneration is faster in females, can be accelerated by estrogen and suppressed by estrogen-antagonist tamoxifen. Injuries to the heart, but not other tissues, increased plasma estrogen level and expression of estrogen receptors, especiallyesr2a, in zebrafish hearts. The resulting endocrine disruption induces the expression of female-specific protein vitellogenin in male zebrafish. Transcriptomic analyses suggested heart injuries triggered more pronounced immune and inflammatory responses in females. These responses, previously shown to enhance heart regeneration, could be enhanced by estrogen treatment in males and reduced by tamoxifen in female. Furthermore, a brief exposure to estrogen could precondition zebrafish for an accelerated heart regeneration. Altogether, this study reveals that heart regeneration is modulated by an estrogen-inducible inflammatory response to heart injury. These findings elucidate a previously unknown layer of control in zebrafish heart regeneration and provides a new model system for the study of sexual differences in human cardiac repair.
ETV4 is necessary for estrogen signaling and growth in endometrial cancer cells
Authors: Rodriguez Adriana C. , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Berrett Kristofer C. , Clark Kathleen A. , Guillen Katrin P. , Scherer Sandra D. , Yang Chieh-Hsiang , Welm Bryan E. , Janát-Amsbury Margit M. , Graves Barbara J. , Gertz Jason 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTEstrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ER) plays a major role in endometrial cancer risk and progression; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ER’s regulatory role in endometrial cancer are poorly understood. In breast cancer cells, ER genomic binding is enabled by FOXA1 and GATA3, but the transcription factors that control ER genomic binding in endometrial cancer cells remain unknown. We previously identified ETV4 as a candidate factor controlling ER genomic binding in endometrial cancer cells and here we explore the functional importance of ETV4. Homozygous deletion of ETV4, using CRISPR/Cas9, led to greatly reduced ER binding at the majority of loci normally bound by ER. Consistent with the dramatic loss of ER binding, the gene expression response to estradiol was dampened for most genes. ETV4 contributes to estrogen signaling in two distinct ways; ETV4 loss impacts chromatin accessibility at some ER bound loci and impairs ER nuclear translocation. The diminished estrogen signaling upon ETV4 deletion led to decreased growth, particularly in 3D culture where hollow organoids were formed and in vivo in the context of estrogen dependent growth. Our results show that ETV4 plays an important role in estrogen signaling in endometrial cancer cells.
Brain endothelial cells are exquisite sensors of age-related circulatory cues
Authors: Chen Michelle B. , Yousef Hanadie , Yang Andrew C. , Lee Davis , Lehallier Benoit , Schaum Nicholas , Quake Stephen R. , Wyss-Coray Tony 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYBrain endothelial cells (BECs) are key elements of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), protecting the brain from pathogens and restricting access to circulatory factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that the circulatory environment can modulate brain aging, yet, the underlying processes remain largely unknown. Given the BBB’s intermediary position, we hypothesized that BECs sense, adapt to, and relay signals between the aging blood and brain. We sequenced single endothelial cells from the hippocampus—a brain region key to learning, memory, and neurogenesis— of healthy young and aged mice as well as post-exposure to inflammatory and age-related circulatory factors. We discovered that aged capillary BECs, compared with arterial and venous cells, exhibit the greatest transcriptional changes, upregulating innate immunity, antigen presentation, TGF-β signaling and oxidative stress response pathways. Remarkably, short-term infusions of aged plasma into young mice recapitulated key aspects of this aging transcriptome, while infusions of young plasma into aged mice reversed select aging signatures, essentially rejuvenating the BBB endothelium transcriptome. We identify candidate pathways mediating blood-borne brain rejuvenation by comparing age-upregulated genes with those modulated by plasma exposure. Together, these findings suggest that the transcriptional age of BECs is exquisitely sensitive to age-related circulatory cues and pinpoint the BBB itself as a promising therapeutic target to treat brain disease.HighlightsSingle-cell RNA sequencing of brain endothelial cells (BECs) reveals transcriptional segmentation into distinct arterial, capillary, and venous identities with age and experimental interventionsChanges with age are heterogenous across vessel segments, with aged capillaries enriched in signatures of innate immunity, TGF-β and VEGF signaling, hypoxia and oxidative stressBECs sense and respond transcriptionally to diverse circulatory cues: inflammatory, proaging, or rejuvenatingAged plasma exposure recapitulates—and young plasma reverses—key transcriptomic signatures of normal BEC agingBEC response to aged and young plasma reveals cell non-autonomous mechanisms of blood-brain-barrier aging
Impacts of globalization on worker injury in host countries
Authors: Stackhouse Michael D. , Misra Kaustav , DelVecchio Micah 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
International expansion is an inevitable consequence for companies that are seeking revenue growth. Foreign direct investment (FDI) by global enterprises is a common route of such expansion. As companies invest abroad, competing interests cause concerns over the impact (both positive and negative) on the local labor force (necessitating corporate social responsibility) caused by FDI. Therefore, there is a logical link between FDI, a country’s labor force and globalization. The purpose of this study is to explore this untested relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This panel study uses cross-country data from the World Bank to understand the pattern of influence of globalization on worker injury. A secondary data set of 36 developed and developing countries from 2003 to 2007 are gathered for this paper to analyze.

Findings
The results of this paper indicate that, companies are seeking to maintain higher levels of social responsibility should not only consider a framework such as ISO 26000 themselves but also they should encourage compliance from their upstream suppliers as well.

Originality/value
Goods for these companies are manufactured in Bangladesh, but unfortunately, a serious tragedy occurred when a building collapsed, resulting in the death of 1,127 people, which was not the first of such events in Bangladesh (The Associated Press, 2013). Inspired by this recent tragedy, this study examines possible connections between globalization and the factors that are associated with the incidences of worker injury. Globalization is a well-studied phenomenon, however very little has been done to examine its impact on worker injuries; this paper helps fill that gap.
Supply chain network design based on cost of quality and quality level analysis
Authors: Alglawe Asama , Schiffauerova Andrea , Kuzgunkaya Onur , Shiboub Itad 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the cost of quality (COQ) expenditure allocations on a capacitated supply chain (SC) network.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a non-linear optimization model which integrates the opportunity cost (OC) (i.e. customer satisfaction cost), into the COQ with consideration of the QL in the supply chain network design decisions. In addition, it examines the effect of considering an investment at each SC echelon to ensure the best overall QL. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the behavior of the model.

Findings
The results show how the QL, COQ and facility location decisions change when incorporating the OC, investments and transportation costs into the SC model.

Originality/value
The novelty of this paper is that it considers the effect of OC, investment at each echelon and transportation costs on SC design by minimizing the overall spending on the COQ. These issues have not been explored, and for that reason, this paper contributes to the understanding of the critical factors that optimizes the SC COQ.
Review article: A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department: Part VIII. Implementation science: An introduction
Authors: Tavender Emma , Babl Franz E , Middleton Sandy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNew research findings may not lead to change in practice, or a change at the front line may be delayed by years. A number of terms have been used to describe efforts and strategies to speed a change in evidence‐based practice, such as: implementation science, knowledge translation, research translation and others. In contrast to traditional clinical research, implementation science generally aims to understand and change health professional behaviour to promote evidence uptake as opposed to attempting to change patient behaviour. There are now theoretical frameworks and evolving evidence providing guidance how to change clinician behaviour and, specifically, emerging evidence on how to achieve this in the emergency setting. This review will provide an introduction to implementation science and illustrate how to target evidence practice gaps using ED examples.
Employee experiences of HRM through daily affective events and their effects on perceived event‐signalled HRM system strength, expectancy perceptions, and daily work engagement
Authors: Chacko Suja , Conway Neil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe importance of events to individual experiences and behaviour within organisational research is increasingly acknowledged. This research examines whether daily positive and negative affective HRM events signal employee perceptions of HRM system strength, which are expected to relate to daily work engagement via clear performance–reward expectancies. Employees completed a daily diary over ten working days and reported positive and negative daily HR events as they arose. Positive HR events associated with higher perceived event‐signalled HRM system strength compared with negative HR events, and expectancy perceptions partially mediated the effects of perceived HRM system strength on daily work engagement. The study's novel contributions include documenting the common occurrence of affective HRM events, identifying such events as an important antecedent to perceived event‐signalled HRM system strength, and extending understanding of the daily consequences of perceived HRM system strength by showing how their effects on daily work engagement are mediated by expectancies.
Neuromodulatory Activity of Dietary Phenolics Derived from Corchorus olitorius L.
Authors: Wagdy Reham , Abdelkader Reham M. , El‐Khatib Ahmed H. , Linscheid Michael W. , Hamdi Nabila , Handoussa Heba 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDietary phenolics are known for their potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities, making them promising candidates for protection against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Hydroalcohol extract of Egyptian species of Corchorus olitorius L. (Co) leaves was investigated for its neuroprotective effects in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammatory mouse model. Twenty five metabolites were characterized from the bioactive extract using high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC/PDA/HRESI/MSn, revealing 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (Co11) as one of the major constituents (5.7%), which was isolated and its identity was confirmed by spectral data as first report. Co significantly protected microglia against H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity and immunohistochemistry showed reduced expression of the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the inflammatory marker, cyclooxygenase‐2. These findings correlated with significant improvement of cognitive functions and reduction of LPS‐induced neurodegeneration in Co‐treated mice as revealed by histopathology. The current study shows promising effects of Co in limiting neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation and glial cell activation.Practical ApplicationInformation presented here shed light on the promising effects of Corchorus olitorius (Co) for the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways improving the neuroinflammation‐related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. This makes Co a promising candidate as a nutraceutical supplement to be used against neuroinflammation‐related disorders.