bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal Nerve Fiber Analysis and Tomography of the Optic Disc in Eyes With Tilted Disc Syndrome
Authors: Gürlü Vuslat Pelitli , Alýmgýl Murat Levent 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc parameters in eyes with tilted disc syndrome.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight eyes with tilted disc syndrome (20 myopic control eyes, and 20 emmetropic control eyes) were examined. After a routine ophthalmologic examination of all eyes, scanning laser polarimetry (for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness) and scanning laser tomography (for optic disc parameters) were performed. Scanning laser polarimetry and scanning laser tomography parameters were compared in the different groups.
* RESULTS: On scanning laser polarimetry evaluation, statistically significant differences were found in the superior integral, nasal integral, and superior nasal quadrants of eyes with tilted disc syndrome compared with control groups (P= .01, P= .04, P = .00, P = .00, P= .00, and P= .00, respectively). On scanning laser tomography evaluation, statistically significant differences were found in average diameter, total contour area, effective area, average depth, volume above, neuroretinal rim area, and cup-disc ratio in eyes with tilted disc syndrome compared with control groups (P= .00, P= .00, P= .00, P= .04, P= .02, P= .00, and P= .01, respectively).
* CONCLUSION: Parameters acquired through imaging with scanning laser polarimetry and scanning laser tomography in eyes with tilted disc syndrome are different from those of normal eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:494-502.]
ADAR1 Is Required for Dendritic Cell Subset Homeostasis and Alveolar Macrophage Function
Authors: Baal Nelli , Cunningham Sarah , Obermann Hannah-Lena , Thomas Jenny , Lippitsch Anne , Dietert Kristina , Gruber Achim D. , Kaufmann Andreas , Michel Gabriela , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Rupp Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Zukunft Sven , Fleming Ingrid , Bein Gregor , Lohmeyer Jürgen , Bauer Stefan , Hackstein Holger 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
RNA editing by adenosine deaminases acting on dsRNA (ADAR) has become of increasing medical relevance, particularly because aberrant ADAR1 activity has been associated with autoimmunity and malignancies. However, the role of ADAR1 in dendritic cells (DC), representing critical professional APCs, is unknown. We have established conditional murine CD11c Cre-mediated ADAR1 gene ablation, which did not induce general apoptosis in CD11c+ cells but instead manifests in cell type–specific effects in DC subpopulations. Bone marrow–derived DC subset analysis revealed an incapacity to differentiate CD103 DC+ in both bulk bone marrow and purified pre-DC lineage progenitor assays. ADAR1 deficiency further resulted in a preferential systemic loss of CD8+/CD103+ DCs, revealing critical dependency on ADAR1, whereas other DC subpopulations were moderately affected or unaffected. Additionally, alveolar macrophages were depleted and dysfunctional, resembling pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. These results reveal an unrecognized role of ADAR1 in DC subset homeostasis and unveils the cell type–specific effects of RNA editing.
Overview of Analytical Tools for the Identification of Adulterants in Commonly Traded Herbs and Spices
Authors: Osman Ahmed Galal , Raman Vijayasankar , Haider Saqlain , Ali Zulfiqar , Chittiboyina Amar G , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Spices and aromatic herbs have long been used by people to impart sensory appetizing elements, including aroma, flavor, and color, to foods and beverages in an effort to enhance their palatability. Herbs and spices exhibit a plethora of medicinal properties including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Spices serve as natural preservatives to delay food spoilage and extend shelf life. As spice trading has exponentially increased globally, herbs and spices have become prone to adulteration, which can be deliberate or unintentional. Deliberate adulteration is usually economically motivated, aimed at maximizing profit margins, whereas unintentional adulteration is often attributed to improper harvesting or processing of the plant material or collecting/substituting closely related species. Adulteration of herbs or spices with toxic ingredients such as Sudan dyes or metal salts (e.g., leadchromate) may result in serious public health consequences. Objective: To provide a concise account of ongoing adulteration issues with spices and herbs in order to enhance general awareness of the short- and longer-term implications of such fraud. Method: Last twenty-years of literature on various aspects of spice adulteration including text books and online resources were gathered and compiled. In addition, a number of original reports have been published prior to year 2000 that are directly associated with adulteration of commonly traded herbs and spices were also included. Results: The current review covers the role of spices and herbs in human life, adulteration of the commonly consumed spices and herbs, identification of their adulterants, as well as the most popular analytical techniques and methods used in their detection, including spectroscopic, chromatographic, electronic sensing, and deoxyribonucleic acid–based methodologies. Conclusions: Spices and herbs, being high-priced commodities, have been often subjected to adulteration in many ways which reduces their quality and potentially has harmful health implications. Adulteration is attributed primarily to increased demand or supply shortage of the spices and aromatic herbs. The motivation for spice fraud is largely attributed to economical interest to gain greater profit margins and such adulteration of spices can have serious implications for public health. To combat the adulteration of spices and herbs effectively, a range of analytical techniques across many different technologies have been developed. These techniques are expected to aid in the detection of adulterants and establish quantifiable concentrations for the compounds in question in various matrices, including spices and aromatic herbs.
Livro didático em educação física: as experiências públicas de João Pessoa e do Paraná
Authors: Carlos Camila Batista , Melo José Pereira 
Published: January 2019

No cotidiano escolar, comumente utilizado em vários componentes curriculares, o livro didático aparece como um dos materiais possíveis para auxiliar o exercício docente. Tal recurso, utilizado tanto para o docente quanto para o estudante, permite um encadeamento do que deve ser pauta nas relações educativas, através de propostas de atividades e textos que norteiam discussões, vivências e pesquisas. Foi no Estado do Paraná o pioneirismo na produção do livro didático público para a Educação Física escolar, uma iniciativa similar encontrada no Nordeste, é a publicação do Livro Público do Município de João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba. A pesquisa tem o objetivo principal de analisar os livros didáticos para o ensino da Educação Física escolar desses dois sistemas públicos de ensino, que contemplam níveis de ensino diferentes e representativos para a área de atuação profissional, considerando as configurações das obras e seus conteúdos. Com o caráter qualitativo, a pesquisa se encaminha para as discussões a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011). Por terem a característica da disponibilidade online podem servir de material de apoio para outros professores de outros sistemas de ensino, não exclusivamente para aquele espaço geográfico que foi primeiramente pensado e escrito.
O videogame ativo como estratégia do profissional de educação física no auxílio do tratamento de câncer infanto-juvenil
Authors: Carvalho Talita Pires , Freitas Clara Monteiro 
Published: January 2019

Buscou-se conhecer e analisar a percepção de crianças e adolescentes acerca da utilização do videogame ativocomo uma estratégia do profissional de educação física para auxiliar no enfrentamento do período de hospitalização de crianças e adolescentes para tratamento de câncer. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação que envolveu 14 pacientes com média de idade de 11,21 anos, internados no Centro Hospitalar de Oncohematologia Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz em Recife, Pernambuco. Utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada, da observação participante e do diário de campo para coleta de dados. Foram utilizados o X-Box 360 com Kineckte jogos de esporte e dança. Os resultados apontaram a aceitação do grupo de pacientes em relação aos jogos do videogame ativo, configurando-o em uma possível estratégia do profissional de educação física para auxiliar no de enfrentamento do período de hospitalização para tratamento oncológico.
Animal agency, animal awareness and animal welfare
Authors: Špinka M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn nature, animals need to actively engage with the environment in order to prosper in survival and reproduction. Hence, agency is a central adaptive characteristic of animal life. In this paper, I propose that from the adaptive/functional point of view, four levels of agency can be distinguished, namely passive/reactive agency (animal being behaviourally passive or purely reactive), action-driven agency (animal behaviourally pursuing current desirable outcomes), competence-building agency (animal engaging with the environment to gain skills and information for future use) and aspirational agency (the animal achieving long-term goals through planning and autobiographical reflection). Recent progress in affective neurobiology indicates that each tier of agency is supported by a different type of affective functioning, at least in the case of mammals. Furthermore, the particular agency levels can be linked to distinct degrees of awareness as defined by recent selfhood theories. Based on this coupling between agency adaptive functioning, affective neurobiology and animal awareness levels, I examine several links between animal agency and animal welfare, including the notion of animal boredom, and discuss how animal agency might be promoted in the restrictive frameworks of intensive animal farming.
How happy is your pet? The problem of subjectivity in the assessment of companion animal welfare
Authors: Serpell JA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ability to evaluate the welfare of non-human animals accurately and objectively is influenced by a variety of factors including the nature of our relationships with them. Subjective biases in the perception of an animal's quality of life can have either positive or negative consequences for its welfare and are likely to be particularly exaggerated in the case of companion animals, such as dogs, cats and other pet species, with which people tend to form strong anthropomorphic, attachment-based relationships. The consequences of these subjective biases are likely to be further exacerbated by the fact that many of the physical and behavioural attributes that humans find appealing, and have selected for, in companion animals, are inherently detrimental to their welfare. Using a range of examples, this paper explores some of the complex ways in which anthropomorphism and subjectivity can cloud our ability to make reliable judgements concerning the welfare of companion animals, even in the face of seemingly obvious and overt indicators of pain and suffering.
Assessing animal welfare at the farm level: do we care sufficiently about the individual?
Authors: Winckler C 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnimal welfare is generally referred to as the quality of an animal's life as experienced by the individual animal. On-farm welfare assessment, however, usually relies on both individual and group measures. As regards the latter, individual animals are not identified (eg incidence of stereotypic behaviour in a pen) or features of the whole group (eg score obtained from qualitative behaviour assessment) are used. This raises the question whether our current approaches to on-farm assessment sufficiently consider the individual nature of animal welfare. Measures assessed at the group level bear the disadvantage that distribution across group members may be skewed and the most affected individuals are not necessarily identified. However, the importance of knowing about the welfare state of individual animals depends on the purpose of the assessment. If the primary aim is farm assurance, the individual animal is of lesser importance, but non-compliance with thresholds at herd/farm level or comparison with peer farms may induce change. Using individual measures in a sample of animals means that animals not sampled but requiring intervention, eg for treatment of lameness, would have to be identified subsequently. Measures truly taken at the group level make individual interventions difficult, but interventions implemented at the group level (eg reducing stocking density) do not necessarily require information on the individual animal. Automatic detection of welfare-relevant states has received increased attention and identifying individual animals with impaired welfare seems to be promising. Automated early detection of problems may also reduce the ethical dilemma that traditional assessments at the end of the production cycle, eg in broiler chickens, may identify welfare impairments but not directly benefit the affected animals. Reflection on individual and group measures and their consequences for animal welfare may help in interpreting the outcomes of the assessments and stimulate future developments in the field.
Expression of long non‐coding RNA ENSG00000226738 (LncKLHDC7B) is enriched in the immunomodulatory triple‐negative breast cancer subtype and its alteration promotes cell migration, invasion, and resistance to cell death
Authors: Beltrán‐Anaya Fredy Omar , Romero‐Córdoba Sandra , Rebollar‐Vega Rosa , Arrieta Oscar , Bautista‐Piña Verónica , Dominguez‐Reyes Carlos , Villegas‐Carlos Felipe , Tenorio‐Torres Alberto , Alfaro‐Riuz Luis , Jiménez‐Morales Silvia , Cedro‐Tanda Alberto , Ríos‐Romero Magdalena , Reyes‐Grajeda Juan Pablo , Tagliabue Elda , Iorio Marilena V. , Hidalgo‐Miranda Alfredo 
Published: January 2019

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis compared with ER, PR, and HER2‐positive tumors. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, and gene expression analysis has identified seven molecular subtypes. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in regulation of gene expression and cancer biology, contributing to essential cancer cell functions. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of lncRNA in TNBC subtypes from 156 TNBC samples, and then characterized the functional role of LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738). A total of 710 lncRNA were found to be differentially expressed between TNBC subtypes, and a subset of these altered lncRNA were independently validated. We discovered that LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738) acts as a transcriptional modulator of its neighboring coding gene KLHDC7B in the immunomodulatory subtype. Furthermore, LncKLHDC7B knockdown enhanced migration and invasion, and promoted resistance to cellular death. Our findings confirmed the contribution of LncKLHDC7B to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and invasion, suggesting that TNBC tumors with enrichment of LncKLHDC7B may exhibit distinct regulatory activity, or that this may be a generalized process in breast cancer. Additionally, in silico analysis confirmed for the first time that the low expression of KLHDC7B and LncKLHDC7B is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
Nonmainstream Out‐Plane Fluoro‐ and Amino‐Cofunctionalized Graphene for a Striking Electrocatalyst: Programming Substitutive/Reductive Defluorination toward Graphite Fluoride
Authors: Zhao Fu‐Gang , Pan Bingyige , Kong Yu‐Ting , Dong Lei , Hu Cheng‐Min , Sang Ying‐Ji , Zhou Xianjing , Zuo Biao , Dong Xiaoping , Li Benxia , Li Wei‐Shi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is mostly reported that graphene lattice doped/codoped with heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen and boron) in an in‐plane fashion exhibits an impressive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic efficiency when serving as a metal‐free catalyst, but the cases that graphene sheets functionalized with heteroatoms in an out‐plane scenario are rarely involved. Herein, amino (NH2)‐/fluoro (F)‐cofunctionalized graphene (NH2GF) is rationally designed and synthesized both in out‐plane modes through a programmable substitutive/reductive defluorination toward bulk graphite fluoride using NaNH2. Versatile NH2‐/F‐(co)functionalized graphene products with tunable fluorination and amination are readily yielded and their ORR electrocatalysis is evaluated. Intriguingly, the parameter of NH2/F molar ratio is determinative for their electrocatalytic performances. Consequently, graphene product (roughly formulated in (NH2)7.0C100F2.8, vide infra) dually functionalized with NH2 and F and with an optimized NH2/F factor of 2.5 outperforms others—overmuch in either NH2 only or F only. Encouragingly, (NH2)7.0C100F2.8 even delivers a slightly better electrocatalytic activity than Pt/C catalyst. This finding implies a significant synergistic effect between NH2 and F in boosting graphene electrocatalysis. Apart from fantastic electrocatalytic activity, (NH2)7.0C100F2.8 also exhibits remarkable resistance to crossover effect and exceptional cycling stability.
Electrochemical Multiplexing: Control over Surface Functionalization by Combining a Redox‐Sensitive Alkyne Protection Group with “Click”‐Chemistry
Authors: Hellstern Manuel , Gantenbein Markus , Le Pleux Loïc , Puebla‐Hellmann Gabriel , Lörtscher Emanuel , Mayor Marcel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal functionalization of surfaces is a current technological challenge. An electrochemically addressable alkyne protection group is presented enabling the site‐selective liberation of alkynes exclusively on electrified electrodes. This controlled deprotection is based on a mendione chromophore which becomes a strong enough nucleophile upon reduction to intramolecularly attack the trialkylsilane alkyne protection group. The site‐selective liberation of the alkyne is demonstrated by immobilizing the protected alkyne precursor on a transparent TiO2 electrode and subsequently immobilizing red and blue azide dyes by azide‐alkyne “click” chemistry. While the proof‐of‐principle is based on colorations visible to the bare eye, the technique presented is generic also to nontransparent electrodes, microscale separations, and functional moieties other than dyes. It may open manifold applications where site‐selective functionalization is required but hardly realizable with conventional methods.
Copper‐Catalyzed Thioannulation of Propynamides with Sodium Sulfide for the Synthesis of Isothiazol‐3‐ones
Authors: Wang Sui‐Qian , Hu Bo‐Lun , Zhang Xing‐Guo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA method for the copper‐catalyzed thioannulation of propynamides with sodium sulfide was developed for the synthesis of isothiazol‐3‐ones. The reaction involves a nucleophilic addition and an intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction. The thioannulation features the use of an inexpensive and odorless sulfur source and easily prepared propynamides with excellent functional group tolerance.magnified image
Polymer multilayer films for high temperature capacitor application
Authors: Yin Kezhen , Zhang Jingwei , Li Zhenpeng , Feng Jingxing , Zhang Ci , Chen Xinyue , Olah Andrew , Schuele Donald E. , Zhu Lei , Baer Eric 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAdvanced film capacitors require polymers with high thermal stability, high breakdown strength, and low loss for high temperature dielectric applications. To fulfill such requirements, two polymer multilayer film systems were coextruded via the forced assembly technique. High glass transition temperature (T
g) polycarbonate (HTPC, Tg = 165 °C) and polysulfone (PSF, Tg = 185 °C) were multilayered with a high dielectric constant polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), respectively. The PSF/PVDF system was more thermally stable than the HTPC/PVDF system because of the higher Tg for PSF. At temperatures lower than 170 °C, the HTPC/PVDF system exhibited comparable breakdown strength and hysteresis loss as the PSF/PVDF system. While at temperatures above 170 °C, the PSF/PVDF system exhibited a higher breakdown strength because of the higher Tg of PSF. The electric displacement‐electric field (D‐E) loop behavior of the PSF/PVDF system was studied as a function of temperature. Moreover, a melt‐recrystallization process could further decrease the hysteresis loss for the PSF/PVDF system due to better edge‐on crystal orientation. These results demonstrate that PSF/PVDF and HTPC/PVDF systems are applicable for high temperature film capacitors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47535.
Dynamic analysis of polar metabolites and volatile compounds in sesame seeds during roasting
Authors: Zhou Qi , Geng Fang , Deng Qianchun , Huang Fenghong , Wang Jinqiu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe changes in polar metabolites and volatiles in sesame seeds during roasting were analyzed to provide new information for the formation mechanism of sesame oil aroma.FindingsThe results showed that the typical sesame aroma components, heterocyclic compounds, increased with the extension of the roasting time and reached 43.78% at 12 min. However, the proportion of aliphatics and terpenoids decreased with the roasting time. In addition, the main polar metabolites in sesame seeds, free amino acids and monosaccharides, continually decreased from 497.14 μg/g and 268.85 μg/g in raw seeds to 144.59 μg/g and 7.52 μg/g in 12‐min roasted seeds, respectively.ConclusionsBased on the changes in specific polar metabolites and volatile compounds, it could be inferred that pyrazines mainly generated through Maillard reaction with Ala and glucose as the possible primary substrates. While S‐heterocycles might be mainly formed through the thermal degradation of proteins and subsequent reactions.Significance and noveltyThe results of this study provide important information and new details for the aroma formation process of sesame seeds during roasting and would provide a reference for the study and optimization of sesame roasting and oil extraction processes, as well as the development of sesame seed products. In addition, relevant information can also provide clues for the artificial synthesis of sesame seed aroma components.
A Simple and Low‐Cost Method to Synthesize Cr‐Doped α‐Fe2O3 Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Huan , Luo Shao‐hua , Zhang Dong‐xu , Hu Dong‐bei , Yi Ting‐Feng , Wang Zhi‐yuan , Zhang Ya‐hui , Liu Yan‐guo , Wang Qing , Hao Ai‐min , Liu Xuan‐wen , Guo Rui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChromium‐doped α‐Fe2O3 samples are successfully synthesized by using a ball‐milling‐assisted rheological phase method combined with heat treatment. The electronic properties of undoped α‐Fe2O3 and 4.0 at % Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The calculation results show that Cr doping can reduce the band gap and impurity levels that appear in the band gap. The structure and morphology of the samples are evaluated by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 electrode delivers a higher reversible capacity and outstanding rate capability as the anode of a lithium‐ion battery compared with the undoped α‐Fe2O3 electrode. The initial discharge/charge capacities of the 4.0 at % Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 electrode can reach 1624/1065.9 mAh g−1, respectively, and exhibit an excellent reversible capacity of 971.3 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Even after 200 cycles, the capacity can remain as high as 758.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, far beyond than that of the undoped α‐Fe2O3 electrode (376.5 mAh g−1).