bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusterin contributes to early stage of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Oh Shin‐Bi , Kim Min Sun , Park SuJi , Son HyunJu , Kim Seog‐Young , Kim Min‐Seon , Jo Dong‐Gyu , Tak Eunyoung , Lee Joo‐Yong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile clusterin is reportedly involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, how clusterin interacts with amyloid‐β (Aß) to cause Aß neurotoxicity remains unclear in vivo. Using 5×FAD transgenic mice, which develop robust AD pathology and memory deficits when very young, we detected interactions between clusterin and Aß in the mouse brains. The two proteins were concurrently upregulated and bound or colocalized with each other in the same complexes or in amyloid plaques. Neuropathology and cognitive performance were assessed in the progeny of clusterin‐null mice crossed with 5×FAD mice, yielding clu−/−;5×FAD and clu+/+;5×FAD. We found far less of the various pools of Aß proteins, most strikingly soluble Aß oligomers and amyloid plaques in clu−/−;5×FAD mice at 5 months of age. At that age, those mice also had higher levels of neuronal and synaptic proteins and better motor coordination, spatial learning and memory than age‐matched clu+/+;5×FAD mice. However, at 10 months of age, these differences disappeared, with Aß and plaque deposition, neuronal and synaptic proteins and impairment of behavioral and cognitive performance similar in both groups. These findings demonstrate that clusterin is necessarily involved in early stages of AD pathogenesis by enhancing toxic Aß pools to cause Aß‐directed neurodegeneration and behavioral and cognitive impairments, but not in late stage.
Firms’ timing of production with heterogeneous consumers
Authors: Pan Cong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI revisit endogenous timing in a quantity‐setting duopoly game. In the basic model, I show that given strong heterogeneity in consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) and a moderately small consumer segment with low WTP, sequential moving outcomes can appear in equilibrium with the follower enjoying second‐mover advantage. Owing to consumer heterogeneity in WTP, there is a local property that a firm's aggressive behaviour may lead to a competitor responding more aggressively. Hence, the sequential moves can restrict firms’ total outputs to avoid a price collapse, and result in firms’ strategic choices that Pareto dominate those under the simultaneous move. I further generalize my results and show that although firms compete in quantity, under some conditions of the demand function, features of strategic complements can appear.
Inhibition of key enzymes in the inflammatory pathway by hybrid molecules of terpenes and synthetic drugs: In vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Theoduloz Cristina , Alzate‐Morales Jans , Jiménez‐Aspee Felipe , Isla Maria Inés , Alberto María Rosa , Pertino Mariano Walter , Schmeda‐Hirschmann Guillermo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work was to compare the anti‐inflammatory activity of compounds prepared from terpenes and the synthetic drugs ibuprofen and naproxen. The anti‐inflammatory activity of the hybrid compounds was compared with the activity of the parent compounds. This was accomplished using in vitro inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOX) and COX‐2, and in silico docking studies in 15‐LOX and COX‐2. The synthesized hybrids showed an inhibition of COX‐2 and LOX between 9.8%–57.4% and 0.0%–97.7%, respectively. None of the hybrids showed an improvement in the inhibitory effect toward these pro‐inflammatory enzymes, compared to the parent terpenes and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The docking studies allowed us to predict the potential binding modes of hybrids 6–15 within COX‐2 and 15‐LOX active sites. The relative affinity of the compounds inside the binding sites could be explained by forming non‐covalent interactions with most important and known amino acids reported for those enzymes. A good correlation (r2 = 0.745) between docking energies and inhibition percentages against COX‐2 was found. The high inhibition obtained for compound 10 against COX‐2 was explained by hydrogen bond interactions at the enzyme binding site. New synthetic possibilities could be obtained from our in silico models, improving the potency of these hybrid compounds.
From Early Relationships to Preacademic Knowledge: A Sociocognitive Developmental Cascade to School Readiness
Authors: Bernier Annie , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Cimon‐Paquet Catherine 
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to test a four‐wave sequential mediation model linking mother–child attachment to children's school readiness through child executive functioning (EF) and prosociality in toddlerhood and the preschool years. Mother–child attachment security was assessed when children (N = 255) were aged 15 months and 2 years, child EF at age 2, prosocial behavior at age 4, and finally cognitive school readiness in kindergarten (age 6). The results revealed three indirect pathways linking attachment to school readiness: one through EF only, one through prosocial behavior only, and a last pathway involving both EF and prosocial behavior serially. These findings suggest that secure attachment may equip children with both cognitive and social skills that are instrumental to their preparedness for school.
Providing oral care for adults with mental health disorders: Dental professionals’ perceptions and experiences in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Scrine Clair , Durey Angela , Slack‐Smith Linda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore dental professionals’ perceptions and experiences of providing oral health care for adults with mild to moderate mental health disorders (MHD) in Perth, Western Australia.MethodsA grounded theory approach guided this research which comprised semi‐structured interviews with oral health professionals working in private and/or public dental facilities attended by adults with MHD. An iterative analysis of transcripts identified emerging issues that were organized into categories under which key themes were noted, coded, compared, discussed, reviewed and revised independently by two researchers to ensure rigour.ResultsSixteen interviews were conducted with six general dentists, three dental specialists, four oral health therapists (OHT) and three dental assistants. Barriers to providing oral health care for adults with MHD included limitations of the current model of care, often focused on treating advanced disease; limited inter‐professional collaboration; an over‐burdened public dental system and the financial constraints of private practice. Personal barriers included perceptions that people with MHD had limited capacity for self‐care and preventing oral disease. Factors that would enable oral health care included training and professional development for dental professionals to work effectively with people with MHD and a more flexible, inter‐professional approach that involved prevention and inviting family to consultations about oral health in primary health care settings.ConclusionsOur study reveals structural barriers where services often appear to be inadequately prepared to meet the oral health needs of people with MHD. This suggests the need for strategies to review current models of care and encourage and support dental professionals to provide oral health care that is inclusive, inter‐professional, focused on prevention and sensitive to the social context and lived experience of people with MHD.
Rho and Rac, but not ROCK, are required for secretion of human and mouse eosinophil‐associated RNases
Authors: Shamri Revital , Young Kristen M. , Weller Peter F. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundEosinophil‐associated RNases (EARs) are stored preformed in eosinophil cytoplasmic secretory granules and have a key role in eosinophil effector functions in host defence and inflammatory disorders. However, the secretion mechanisms of EARs are poorly understood.ObjectiveOur study aimed to understand the involvement of cytoskeleton machinery in EAR secretion.MethodsFresh human and mouse eosinophils were stimulated with CCL11, and the secretion of enzymatically active EARs was detected using an RNase activity assay. The involvement of cytoskeletal elements or microtubules was probed using specific inhibitors.ResultsWe found that dynamic polymerization of microtubules and cytoskeletal elements, such as Rho and Rac, is required for chemokine‐mediated EAR secretion from human and mouse eosinophils. However, inhibition of ROCK (Rho‐associated protein kinase) increased EAR secretion in human and mouse eosinophils even in the absence of chemokine stimulation, suggesting ROCK negatively regulates EAR secretion.ConclusionsCollectively, these data suggest a cytoskeleton‐dependent mechanism of EAR secretion from eosinophils, findings that are pertinent to host defence, allergy and other eosinophil‐associated diseases.
The impact of child and parental age on protective factors against child maltreatment
Authors: Conrad‐Hiebner Aislinn , Wallio Stephanie , Schoemann Alexander , Sprague‐Jones Jessica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough young age for both the parent and child is implicated in incidences of maltreatment, little is known about the association between parent or child age and protective factors related to child maltreatment prevention. With a sample of parents receiving child maltreatment prevention services in Kansas (N = 1993), we used regression analyses to examine whether the interaction of child and parent age influences family‐level protective factors over time. We found mixed support for each hypothesis, indicating that the age of parents and children differentially impacts family‐level protective factors. Implications for the Strengthening Families approach and child maltreatment prevention are discussed.
Urban Walkability Design Using Virtual Population Simulation
Authors: Mathew C. D. Tharindu , Knob Paulo R. , Musse Soraia Raupp , Aliaga Daniel G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present a system to generate a procedural environment that produces a desired crowd behaviour. Instead of altering the behavioural parameters of the crowd itself, we automatically alter the environment to yield such desired crowd behaviour. This novel inverse approach is useful both to crowd simulation in virtual environments and to urban crowd planning applications. Our approach tightly integrates and extends a space discretization crowd simulator with inverse procedural modelling. We extend crowd simulation by goal exploration (i.e. agents are initially unaware of the goal locations), variable‐appealing sign usage and several acceleration schemes. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo to quickly explore the solution space and yield interactive design. We have applied our method to a variety of virtual and real‐world locations, yielding one order of magnitude faster crowd simulation performance over related methods and several fold improvement of crowd indicators.
Rapamycin and FK506 derivative TH2849 could ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases through autophagy with low immunosuppressive effect
Authors: Ding Li , Nan Wen‐Hao , Zhu Xian‐Bing , Li Xiao‐Ming , Zhou Li‐Yan , Chen Hou‐Jie , Yu Lu , Ullah Khan Fahim , Zhong Han‐Bing , Shi Xiao‐Jun 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAutophagy is an essential cellular process concern with cellular homeostasis down‐regulated by mTOR, whose activity can be modulated by rapamycin, a kind of lipophilic macrolide antibiotic, through forming a complex with immunophilin FKBP12 essential for mTOR regulation to induce autophagy. Therefore, rapamycin is normally used as a neuron protective agent. The immunophilin FKBP12 binding ligand FK506 is well known as an immunosuppressive agent by inhibiting the calcineurin expression. In this study, we synthesized a series of modified compounds based on the FKBP12 binding moiety to as same as the binding structure of rapamycin and FK506 particularly. We removed the other binding regions of the complex that has the property of immunosuppression. We found that a novel small molecule named TH2849 from these derivative compounds has a significant binding connection with mTOR by comparing to calcineurin. The effects of TH2849 on calcineurin/NFAT were not as significant as FK506, and weak effects on IL2/p34cdc2/cyclin signaling pathway were also found. Moreover, TH2849 also shows mitochondrial protective effect through stabilizing the mitochondrial structure and transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and could rescue dopaminergic neurons in MPTP‐treated zebrafishes as well as mice models with less immunosuppressive effect. Our present study shows that TH2849 works as a neuroprotective agent possibly by inducing autophagy and low immunosuppressive effect.
Event Structures Drive Semantic Structural Priming, Not Thematic Roles: Evidence From Idioms and Light Verbs
Authors: Ziegler Jayden , Snedeker Jesse , Wittenberg Eva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhat are the semantic representations that underlie language production? We use structural priming to distinguish between two competing theories. Thematic roles define semantic structure in terms of atomic units that specify event participants and are ordered with respect to each other through a hierarchy of roles. Event structures instead instantiate semantic structure as embedded sub‐predicates that impose an order on verbal arguments based on their relative positioning in these embeddings. Across two experiments, we found that priming for datives depended on the degree of overlap in event structures. Specifically, while all dative structures showed priming, due to common syntax, there was a boost for compositional datives priming other compositional datives. Here, the two syntactic forms have distinct event structures. In contrast, there was no boost in priming for dative light verbs, where the two forms map onto a single event representation. On the thematic roles hypothesis, we would have expected a similar degree of priming for the two cases. Thus, our results support event structural approaches to semantic representation and not thematic roles.
Practical tools and strategies for researchers to increase replicability
Authors: Nuijten Michèle B 
Published: October 2018

A growing body of evidence indicates that the effects reported in many scientific fields may be overestimated or even false. This problem has gained a lot of attention in the field of psychology, where researchers have even started to speak of a ‘replication crisis’. Fortunately, a number of measures to rectify this problem have already been proposed and implemented, some inspired by practices in other scientific fields. In this review, I briefly examine this issue in the field of psychology and suggest some practical tools and strategies that researchers can implement to increase replicability and the overall quality of their scientific research.What this paper adds

Researchers can implement many practical tools and strategies to improve replicability of their findings.

Strategies include improving statistical inference, pre‐registration, multisite collaboration, and sharing data.

Different scientific fields could benefit from looking at each other's best practices.
Long‐term retention of avulsed maxillary permanent incisors replanted after prolonged non‐physiological storage
Authors: Krug Ralf , Kremeier Karin , Krastl Gabriel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnkylosis and external replacement resorption (ERR) are two typical biological responses to delayed replantation of avulsed teeth in cases where adequate root canal treatment is performed. The patient's growth stage affects the progression of root resorption and the long‐term outcome of the affected teeth. This case report describes the long‐term outcome of an 18.5‐year‐old patient following an accident in which both of his maxillary central incisors were avulsed and replanted after four hours of non‐physiological storage.ERRand ankylosis of teeth 11 and 21 were detected clinically and radiographically during the second year of follow‐up. Sixteen years after replantation, replacement resorption was progressing very slowly, enabling functional tooth retention with favorable esthetics. Young adults, with delayed replantation of avulsed teeth, may benefit from tooth retention with slowERR.
Effect of mouthguard design on retention and potential issues arising with usability in sport
Authors: Karaganeva Raya , Pinner Susan , Tomlinson David , Burden Adrian , Taylor Rebecca , Yates Julian , Winwood Keith 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsMouthguard retention could potentially increase an athlete's motivation to wear the device, due to potential improvements in physical comfort. The aim of this study was to examine the retentive properties of selected customised mouthguard designs, during normal conditions (dry) and within the presence of artificial saliva (wet). Additionally, the correlation between thickness and retention was investigated.Material and MethodsSix different custom mouthguard designs (MG1‐MG6) reported in previous studies, were pressure‐formed with 2 and 4 mm blanks accordingly. Thickness was measured 10 times at seven anatomical points and the mean (±SD) was recorded. A novel rig was fabricated to connect the mouthguards to a Hounsfield H10KS Tensometer, which was used to fully displace each device from the model at a constant rate of 50 mm/min. The test was repeated under both dry and wet conditions.ResultsRetention forces recorded at the anterior region demonstrated higher measurements under wet conditions than dry (P < 0.001). The total retention of the mouthguards was influenced by alterations in their design. Trend analysis indicated that 64% of MG retention could be explained by their thickness under dry conditions and 55% when wet.ConclusionsDesign and thickness of mouthguards are key factors in retention. Mouthguard fabrication techniques should be considered in order to minimize dislodgment of the devices as well as potentially increasing the wearability of mouthguards during sport.
Variation in pathogenicity of differentLeptographium terebrantisisolates toPinus taedaL.
Authors: Devkota Pratima , Eckhardt Lori G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVariation in the pathogenicity of 42 isolates ofLeptographium terebrantistoPinus taedawas examined. Stems of 1‐year‐oldP. taedaseedlings were artificially inoculated with the fungal isolates. Eight weeks following inoculation,L. terebrantisisolates caused dark necrotic lesion and sapwood occlusion in the seedling stems. The fungal isolates varied in their ability to cause lesion and tissue occlusion. Lesions caused by fungal isolates were, however, significantly longer than the control. Results suggest that different isolates ofL. terebrantismay not put the health ofP. taedaat equal risk.
Measuring innovation in education: The outcomes of a national education sector innovation survey
Authors: Halász Gábor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article presents the results of a national education sector innovation survey in Hungary. A conceptual and analytical framework for studying innovation processes in the education sector and a data collection tool were created in the framework of a research project on the emergence and spread of local/school level innovations (“Innova research”). Using this tool, data were collected from close to 5,000 educational units from all sub‐subsystems of the national education system. A composite education indicator was created, allowing for the comparison of innovation activity across various groups of educational units. The educational unit (e.g., schools, university departments) was used as the primary unit of analysis. Data show a relatively high level of innovation activity in all subsystems with significant differences between various groups (e.g., units with higher and lower organisational capacities or participating in top‐down development interventions with higher or lower intensity). Connecting the Innova database with data from the regular national pupil achievement survey also made it possible to analyse the relationship between innovation activity and performance.
E3 ubiquitin ligases LNX1 and LNX2 localize at neuronal gap junctions formed by connexin36 in rodent brain and molecularly interact with connexin36
Authors: Lynn Bruce D. , Li Xinbo , Hormuzdi Sheriar G. , Griffiths Emily K. , McGlade C. Jane , Nagy James I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrical synapses in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) are increasingly recognized as highly complex structures for mediation of neuronal communication, both with respect to their capacity for dynamic short‐ and long‐term modification in efficacy of synaptic transmission and their multimolecular regulatory and structural components. These two characteristics are inextricably linked, such that understanding of mechanisms that contribute to electrical synaptic plasticity requires knowledge of the molecular composition of electrical synapses and the functions of proteins associated with these synapses. Here, we provide evidence that the key component of gap junctions that form the majority of electrical synapses in the mammalian CNS, namely connexin36 (Cx36), directly interacts with the related E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins Ligand of NUMB protein X1 (LNX1) and Ligand of NUMB protein X2 (LNX2). This is based on immunofluorescence colocalization of LNX1 and LNX2 with Cx36‐containing gap junctions in adult mouse brain versus lack of such coassociation in LNX null mice, coimmunoprecipitation of LNX proteins with Cx36, and pull‐down of Cx36 with the second PDZ domain of LNX1 and LNX2. Furthermore, cotransfection of cultured cells with Cx36 and E3 ubiquitin ligase‐competent LNX1 and LNX2 isoforms led to loss of Cx36‐containing gap junctions between cells, whereas these junctions persisted following transfection with isoforms of these proteins that lack ligase activity. Our results suggest that a LNX protein mediates ubiquitination of Cx36 at neuronal gap junctions, with consequent Cx36 internalization, and may thereby contribute to intracellular mechanisms that govern the recently identified modifiability of synaptic transmission at electrical synapses.
Community, Context, and Coping: How Social Connections Influence Coping and Well‐Being for Military Members and Their Spouses
Authors: O'Neal Catherine Walker , Richardson Evin W. , Mancini Jay A. 
Published: October 2018

Military members and their spouses (n = 223 families) were selected from an Active Duty Army installation and assessed with regard to their connections with the military community, their levels of coping with military culture demands, and their reports of individual (depression and life satisfaction) and family well‐being. Guided by the contextual model of family stress and the social organization theory of action and change, results from a structural equation model indicated that military community connections, for both military members and their civilian spouses, were related to coping with the military culture and its demands, which in turn was related to both individual and family well‐being. Unique actor and partner effects also emerged where both active duty military members' and their civilian spouses' perceptions of military community connections influenced the civilian spouses' satisfaction with military life, but only the active duty military members' community connections influenced their military‐specific coping. Additionally, the associations between military‐specific coping and individual and family well‐being only had actor effects. When examined within the context of important military culture elements, namely rank and extent of military transitions (deployment and relocation), these core findings linking communities to coping and well‐being were unchanged. Implications for theory, future research, and practice are shared.