bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future increase in extreme El Nino events under greenhouse warming increases Zika virus incidence in South America
Authors: Rao V. Brahmananda , Maneesha K. , Sravya Panangipalli , Franchito Sergio H. , Dasari Hariprasad , Gan Manoel A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Zika virus (ZIKV) was first found in Zika forest, Uganda in 1947. The disease appeared in the Americas, Northeast Brazil in May 2015. ZIKV propagated rapidly across the Americas and the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2016 declared this as a public health emergency of international concern. The temperature conditions related to extreme El Niño of 2015–16 were exceptionally favorable for ZIKV spreading in South America. For the recent spreading of ZIKV, in Americas, Northeast Brazil was the starting point and it was associated with the extreme El Niño 2015–16. Paz and Semenza found that there is a striking overlap when the regions with extreme climatic conditions in 1 month are juxtaposed with the geographic distribution of ZIKV in subsequent months. They found that the unique climatic conditions generated by extreme El Niño of 2015–16 are congenial for the dispersal of ZIKV in the Americas. This is not a just coincidence and many authors noted that ZIKV vector Aedes aegypti is strongly dependent on surface climate conditions that occur during extreme El Niño events. Recently a study found that extreme El Niño events will double in future in response to greenhouse warming. Also it was discovered that the increase of extreme El Niño frequency will continue long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. We analyze future extreme El Niño events along with associated surface temperatures and calculated the ZIKV quantitatively in future extreme El Niño events and found that large parts of South America are highly favorable for the spread of the disease.
Computed tomography data collection of the complete human mandible and valid clinical ground truth models
Authors: Wallner Jürgen , Mischak Irene , Jan Egger  
Published: January 2019

AbstractImage-based algorithmic software segmentation is an increasingly important topic in many medical fields. Algorithmic segmentation is used for medical three-dimensional visualization, diagnosis or treatment support, especially in complex medical cases. However, accessible medical databases are limited, and valid medical ground truth databases for the evaluation of algorithms are rare and usually comprise only a few images. Inaccuracy or invalidity of medical ground truth data and image-based artefacts also limit the creation of such databases, which is especially relevant for CT data sets of the maxillomandibular complex. This contribution provides a unique and accessible data set of the complete mandible, including 20 valid ground truth segmentation models originating from 10 CT scans from clinical practice without artefacts or faulty slices. From each CT scan, two 3D ground truth models were created by clinical experts through independent manual slice-by-slice segmentation, and the models were statistically compared to prove their validity. These data could be used to conduct serial image studies of the human mandible, evaluating segmentation algorithms and developing adequate image tools.
Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferases-2 gene polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Yong-Tao , Maitusong Buamina , Ma Yi-Tong , Fu Zhen-Yan , Yang Yi-Ning , Ma Xiang , Li Xiao-Mei , Liu Fen , Chen Bang-Dang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cholesterol esters (CE) from free cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and plays a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In the present study, our primary objective was to explore whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACAT-2 gene were associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Uygur subjects, in Xinjiang, China.
Methods: We designed a case–control study including 516 CAD patients and 318 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method, we genotyped two SNPs (rs28765985 and rs7308390) of ACAT-2 gene in all subjects.
Results: We found that the genotypes, the dominant model (CC + CT vs TT) and over-dominant model (CT vs CC + TT) of rs28765985 were significantly different between CAD patients and the controls (P=0.027, P=0.012 and P=0.035, respectively). The rs28765985 C allele was associated with a significantly elevated CAD risk [CC/CT vs TT: odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–2.16, P=0.04] after adjustment for confounders. The TC and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in rs28765985 CC/CT genotypes than that in TT genotypes (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusions: Rs28765985 of ACAT-2 gene are associated with CAD in Uygur subjects. Subjects with CC/CT genotype or C allele of rs28765985 were associated with an increased risk of CAD.
Integrating Simulations Into Communication Sciences and Disorders Clinical Curriculum: Impact of Student Perceptions
Authors: Clinard Erin S. , Dudding Carol C. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine student perceptions of computer-based simulation and to identify components of the simulation experience that were valued by the students. The aim of this study was to inform the development of effective approaches to integrating simulation into the speech-language pathology graduate curriculum.

Method

Participants were 1st-year graduate students in a residential, speech-language pathology master's program (
N
= 29). A convergent-parallel mixed methods study situated in the pragmatic paradigm was conducted. Students completed a quantitative survey regarding educational practices and participated in focus groups regarding their experiences in a semester-long, simulated diagnostic clinical placement. These quantitative data and qualitative inquiry were analyzed and interpreted to explore the perceptions and attitudes of participants.

Results
In response to the research questions, integration of the qualitative and quantitative data resulted in 4 primary themes related to the perceived strengths and weaknesses of computer-based simulation diagnostic evaluations. These themes were (a) Communication, (b) Skill Practice, (c) Technology, and (d) Independent Learning. Through analysis, these themes connected to represent a spectrum of strengths and weaknesses of computer-based simulation diagnostic evaluations.

Conclusions
The results of this study have allowed researchers to establish a framework for understanding the learning process associated with computer-based simulation from the perspective of the graduate student. This framework is useful in integrating simulations into the communication sciences and disorders curriculum in a manner that is systematic and in agreement with best practices in the nursing and medical literature.
The Effects of Acoustic Variation on the Perception of Lexical Tone in Cantonese-Speaking Congenital Amusics
Authors: Shao Jing , Lau Rebecca Yick Man , Tang Phyllis Oi Ching , Zhang Caicai 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Congenital amusia is an inborn neurogenetic disorder of fine-grained pitch processing. This study attempted to pinpoint the impairment mechanism of speech processing in tonal language speakers with amusia. We designed a series of perception tasks aiming at selectively probing low-level pitch processing and relatively high-level phonological processing of lexical tones, with an aim to illuminate the deficiency mechanism underlying tone perception in amusia.

Method
Sixteen Cantonese-speaking amusics and 16 matched controls were tested on the effects of acoustic (talker/syllable) variations on the identification and discrimination of Cantonese tones in two conditions. In the low-variation condition, tones were always associated with the same talker or syllable; in the high-variation condition, tones were associated with either different talkers (with the syllable controlled) or different syllables (with the talker controlled).

Results
Largely similar results were obtained in talker and syllable variation conditions. Amusics exhibited overall poorer performance than controls in tone identification. Although amusics also demonstrated poorer performance in tone discrimination, the group difference was more obvious in low-variation conditions, where more acoustic constancy was provided. Besides, controls exhibited a greater increase in discrimination sensitivity from high- to low-variation conditions, implying a stronger benefit of acoustic constancy.

Conclusions
The findings suggested that amusics' lexical tone perception abilities, in terms of both low-level pitch processing and high-level phonological processing, as measured in low- and high-variation conditions, are impaired. Importantly, amusics were more impaired in taking advantage of low acoustic variation contexts and thus less efficiently sharpened their perception of tones when perceptual anchors in talker/syllable were provided, suggesting a possible “anchoring deficit” in congenital amusia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7616555
Position measurement of linear motor mover based on image spectrum energy
Authors: Zhao Jing , Dou Shaokun , Zhao Jiwen , Jiang Xu , Pan Zhenbao , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2019

When the image position measuring method is applied to mover position measurement of a linear motor, the selection of the target source image is crucial to measurement accuracy and anti‐interference capacity. In this study, the fence image is used as the original shooting surface, and different kinds of fence images are constructed according to their width standard deviation and grey gradient sum. First, the relationship between the fence image spectrum energy and the correlation of image pixels is analysed. Then the image spectrum energy is used to characterise the feature of fence images during screening to select an aperiodic fence image with a strong anti‐interference. Second, the phase singularity method is used to match the two images before and after displacement to obtain a sub‐pixel displacement value of two images. Finally, according to the system calibration coefficient, the actual displacement value of the linear motor mover is obtained. Experimental results show that the fence image screening from image spectrum energy exhibits more anti‐interference for the position measurement of the linear motor, and the measurement algorithm based on the phase singularity algorithm is more stable. The absolute error of displacement is <0.023 mm, and the relative error change within 0.054–0.862%.
Effect of IL-6 Receptor Blockade on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type-9 and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Hernández-Hernández María , Tejera-Segura Beatriz , Delgado-Frías Esmeralda , Macía-Díaz María , Machado Jose , Diaz-González Federico 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of the work was to examine whether abnormalities in the lipid profile that tocilizumab (TCZ), an anti-IL-6 receptor Ab, exerts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is related to changes in either proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) serum concentrations or in serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). TOCRIVAR is a one-year prospective clinical trial that analyzes the influence of TCZ on cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty-seven RA patients receiving TCZ (8 mg/kg IV/q4w) were assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 24, and 52. Disease activity indexes, adiposity composition, physical activity, serum CEC, PCSK9, and lipoproteins serum concentrations were assessed at every visit. Basal high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and disease activity were markedly reduced throughout one-year TCZ treatment. While initially total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased their plasma concentration, decreasing to basal afterwards, lipoprotein(a) was significantly lower than basal in all visits of the study. CEC increased after 24 week of treatment proportionally to hs-CRP reduction, and remained significantly higher after week 52 [median % change 32 (3–141), p=0.021]. Interestingly, variations in LDL cholesterol basal concentration along the one year of TCZ treatment correlated directly with changes of PCSK9 serum concentration (r=0.37, p=0.003). Basal abdominal adiposity, BMI, and physical activity remained stable during the study. Long-term TCZ-treated RA patients show an increment in CEC inversely proportional to hs-CRP reduction and changes in LDL cholesterol that might be explained, at least in part, by variations in PCSK9 plasma concentration. Overall, TCZ treatment produces a favorable qualitative net effect in terms of atherogenic implication in RA patients.
Diurnal Variability of On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity in Clopidogrel versus Prasugrel Treated Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Pre-Specified TROPICAL-ACS Sub-Study
Authors: Freynhofer Matthias , Hein-Rothweiler Ralph , Haller Paul , Aradi Daniel , Dézsi Döme , Gross Lisa , Orban Martin , Trenk Dietmar , Geisler Tobias , Huczek Zenon , Toth-Gayor Gabor , Massberg Steffen , Huber Kurt , Sibbing Dirk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong-term evidence supports a clustering of cardiovascular events in the early morning and smaller mechanistic studies in aspirin-treated patients have shown increased platelet reactivity at the end of the dosing interval. Comparative pharmacodynamic analyses for different adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors in percutaneous coronary intervention-treated acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are lacking and this pre-specified analysis from the randomized Testing Responsiveness To Platelet Inhibition On Chronic Antiplatelet Treatment For Acute Coronary Syndromes (TROPICAL-ACS) trial aimed for the first time at investigating diurnal variability of on-treatment platelet reactivity in clopidogrel versus prasugrel treated patients. TROPICAL-ACS randomized 2,610 ACS patients to either treatment with prasugrel (control group) or to a platelet function testing-guided de-escalation of anti-platelet treatment with a switch to clopidogrel (guided de-escalation group). This study design enabled a diurnal comparison of on-prasugrel versus on-clopidogrel treatment platelet reactivity under steady-state conditions. For 2,526 patients (97%), both the exact time of blood sampling and the ADP-induced platelet aggregation value (in units, Multiplate analyser) were available. Platelet reactivity in patients on clopidogrel (n = 1,265) was higher and subject to significant diurnal variability (p = 0.019) with a peaking of platelet reactivity in the early morning (5–10 a.m.). In prasugrel-treated patients (n = 1,261), there was no sign for diurnal variability (p = 0.174) or a peaking of platelet reactivity in the morning. The potent ADP receptor inhibitor prasugrel is not subject to diurnal variability while we observed a significant diurnal variability of on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. The clinical impact of this observation may differ for patients with and without an adequate response to clopidogrel treatment and the issue of diurnal variability of platelet reactivity in ACS patients warrants further investigation.
One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space
Authors: Shammas Victor L. , Holen Tomas B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOuter space is becoming a space for capitalism. We are entering a new era of the commercialization of space, geared towards generating profits from satellite launches, space tourism, asteroid mining, and related ventures. This era, driven by private corporations such as Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origins, has been labeled by industry insiders as ‘NewSpace'—in contrast to ‘Old Space', a Cold War-era mode of space relations when (allegedly) slow-moving, sluggish states dominated outer space. NewSpace marks the arrival of capitalism in space. While challenging the libertarian rhetoric of its proponents—space enterprises remain enmeshed in the state, relying on funding, physical infrastructure, technology transfers, regulatory frameworks, and symbolic support—NewSpace nevertheless heralds a novel form of human activity in space. Despite its humanistic, universalizing pretensions, however, NewSpace does not benefit humankind as such but rather a specific set of wealthy entrepreneurs, many of them originating in Silicon Valley, who strategically deploy humanist tropes to engender enthusiasm for their activities. We describe this complex as ‘capitalistkind'. Moreover, the arrival of capitalism in space is fueled by the expansionary logic of capital accumulation. Outer space serves as a spatial fix, allowing capital to transcend its inherent terrestrial limitations. In this way, the ultimate spatial fix is perhaps (outer) space itself.
Torsional stress generated by ADF/cofilin on cross-linked actin filaments boosts their severing
Authors: Wioland Hugo , Jegou Antoine , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Actin filaments assemble into ordered networks able to exert forces and shape cells. In response, filaments are exposed to mechanical stress which can potentially modulate their interactions with regulatory proteins. We developed in vitro tools to manipulate single filaments and study the impact of mechanics on the activity of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, the central player in actin disassembly. While tension has almost no effect, curvature enhances severing by ADF/cofilin. We also discovered a mechanism that boosts the severing of anchored filaments: When binding to these filaments, ADF/cofilin locally increases their natural helicity, generating a torque that accelerates filament fragmentation up to 100-fold. As a consequence, interconnected filament networks are severed far more efficiently than independent filaments.
Economic crisis and Greek crisis discourse
Authors: Deligiaouri Anastasia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The 2008 economic crisis signalled a new era for European and global politics and introduced a new ‘economic
crisis discourse’, which has emerged as an attempt to explain, justify, criticize and interpret economic crisis. It has introduced
new terms and constructed new meanings to political life. Media economic crisis discourse has been a decisive factor in peoples’
understanding of economic crisis. The paper studies the construction and media narratives of economic crisis discourse through an
analysis of articles published by The Economist during the ‘peak years’ of the early Greek economic crisis
(2009–2011). The analysis follows Laclau and Mouffe’s (1985) discourse theory and
reveals the ‘nodal points’ of Greek crisis discourse as they are presented in the articles of The Economist. The
paper underlines the importance of media discourse during crisis periods, in which information dissemination and news framing may
crucially affect citizens, policies and societies in general.
Frozen-Section Checklist Implementation Improves Quality and Patient Safety
Authors: Chen Yigu , Anderson Kevin R , Xu Jia , Goldsmith Jeffrey D , Heher Yael K 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
An intraoperative consultation (IOC) checklist was developed and implemented aimed at standardizing slide labeling and monitoring metrics central to quality and safety in surgical pathology.

Design
Data were collected for all IOC cases over a 9-month period. Slide labeling defect rates and IOC turnaround time (TAT) were recorded and compared for the pre- and postimplementation periods.

Results
In total, 839 IOC cases were analyzed. Preintervention slide labeling showed that 85% of cases contained at least one defect (n = 565). Postintervention data revealed that 27% of cases contained at least one defect (n = 274). The improvement was statistically significant (P < .001). Mean TAT was 21.6 minutes preintervention vs 23.2 minutes postintervention, and the change was insignificant (P = .071).

Conclusions
The implementation of a standardized IOC reduced slide labeling error. This improvement did not affect mean TAT and may have the increased quality of IOC TAT data reporting. Other metrics affecting patient safety and quality were monitored and standardized.
Health Behaviors, Nocturnal Hypertension, and Non-dipping Blood Pressure: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults and Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Sakhuja Swati , Booth John N , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Lewis Cora E , Thomas Stephen J , Schwartz Joseph E , Shimbo Daichi , Shikany James M , Sims Mario , Yano Yuichiro , Muntner Paul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Several health behaviors have been associated with hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP). Data on the association of health behaviors with nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping systolic BP (SBP) are limited.

METHODS
We analyzed data for participants with ambulatory BP monitoring at the Year 30 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study exam in 2015–2016 (n = 781) and the baseline Jackson Heart Study (JHS) exam in 2000–2004 (n = 1,046). Health behaviors (i.e., body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake) were categorized as good, fair, and poor and assigned scores of 2, 1, and 0, respectively. A composite health behavior score was calculated as their sum and categorized as very good (score range = 6–8), good (5), fair (4), and poor (0–3). Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean asleep SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg or mean asleep diastolic BP ≥ 70 mm Hg and non-dipping SBP as &lt; 10% awake-to-asleep decline in SBP.

RESULTS
Among CARDIA study and JHS participants, 41.1% and 56.9% had nocturnal hypertension, respectively, and 32.4% and 72.8% had non-dipping SBP, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for nocturnal hypertension associated with good, fair, and poor vs. very good health behavior scores were 1.03 (0.82–1.29), 0.98 (0.79–1.22), and 0.96 (0.77–1.20), respectively in CARDIA study and 0.98 (0.87–1.10), 0.96 (0.86–1.09), and 0.86 (0.74–1.00), respectively in JHS. The health behavior score was not associated non-dipping SBP in CARDIA study or JHS after multivariable adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
A health behavior score was not associated with nocturnal hypertension or non-dipping SBP.