bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Assessment of observation quality for data assimilation in flood models
Authors: Waller Joanne A. , García-Pintado Javier , Mason David C. , Dance Sarah L. , Nichols Nancy K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The assimilation of satellite-based water level observations (WLOs) into 2-D
hydrodynamic models can keep flood forecasts on track or be used for
reanalysis to obtain improved assessments of previous flood footprints. In
either case, satellites provide spatially dense observation fields, but with
spatially correlated errors. To date, assimilation methods in flood
forecasting either incorrectly neglect the spatial correlation in the
observation errors or, in the best of cases, deal with it by thinning
methods. These thinning methods result in a sparse set of observations whose
error correlations are assumed to be negligible. Here, with a case study, we
show that the assimilation diagnostics that make use of statistical averages
of observation-minus-background and observation-minus-analysis residuals are
useful to estimate error correlations in WLOs. The average estimated
correlation length scale of 7 km is longer than the expected value of 250 m.
Furthermore, the correlations do not decrease monotonically; this unexpected
behaviour is shown to be the result of assimilating some anomalous
observations. Accurate estimates of the observation error statistics can be
used to support quality control protocols and provide insight into which
observations it is most beneficial to assimilate. Therefore, the
understanding gained in this paper will contribute towards the correct
assimilation of denser datasets.
“The Magnitude of Me”: Reggie Jackson, Baseball, and the Seventies
Authors: Smith Johnny 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
During the 1970s, Reggie Jackson, arguably the most polarizing black baseball player of his time, became an emblem of the decade. A five-time World Series champion with the Oakland Athletics and the New York Yankees, he publicly challenged white owners, managers, teammates, and reporters. For Jackson, challenging white authority meant reclaiming his manhood. While white critics claimed that he was too flamboyant and too outspoken, black fans and writers complained that he was self-absorbed, unwilling to speak out for any cause other than his own. Embracing the politics of self, Jackson emerged as a symbol of excessive individualism during a growing cultural shift toward personal fulfillment. Although Jackson was one of the most prominent athletes of the seventies, historians have neglected to explain his larger cultural significance. His story, however, not only reveals how black athletes shaped the idea of the “Me Decade” but also how they transformed American sports through participation, protest, and personalized peformance. Jackson was at the forefront of a new generation of black athletes: the first class of baseball’s fee agents, players who were wealthier, more mobile, and more independent. Among the first black athletes who crossed over as mainstream corporate spokesmen, he became baseball’s greatest media star, recognized as much for his personality as for his athletic accomplishments. The age of Jackson marked a turning point in American sports history, one where black athletes embraced new freedoms, defied authority, and expressed their own individual style.
Biofeedback as single first-line treatment for non-neuropathic dysfunctional voiding in children with diurnal enuresis
Authors: Alyami Fahad , Ewida Tamer , Alhazmi Hamdan , Trbay Mahmoud , Arafa Mostafa , Tahir Moina , Fouda Neel Khalid 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Non-neurogenic dysfunctional voiding (NDV) accounts for a significant portion of pediatric urology outpatient clinic visits. Biofeedback (BF) is a promising, non-invasive modality for treating children with DV and daytime wetting. Our objective was to investigate BF’s efficacy as a single first-line treatment for children with NDV and diurnal enuresis.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with a total of 61 consecutive patient records from January 2009 to March 2016. All children with NDV who had BF as first-line treatment were included. Full urological histories, physical examinations, dysfunctional voiding symptom score (DVSS), urine analysis, ultrasound (US), and uroflowmetry (UFM), and electromyogram (EMG) were performed and recorded for all patients before and after finishing the last BF cycle. The patient’s satisfaction scale was also obtained.
Results: The mean age was 10±2.6 years. Most patients (80.3%) were females. The presenting symptoms were diurnal enuresis, urinary tract infections, and voiding discomfort in 52 (85.2%), 16 (26.2%), and 38 (62.3%) patients, respectively. Six months after the last BF cycle, there was a statistically significant objective improvement in US and UFM+EMG findings, with the disappearance of EMG signals in 40 of 61 (65.5%) patients. There was also a significant subjective symptomatic improvement, as the mean DVSS had decreased from 14 to 7.9 (p=0.003). Forty-seven patients (77%) were satisfied, while only eight (13.1%) were not.
Conclusions: BF is considered a potentially effective, single firstline treatment modality for children with DV and diurnal enuresis. Long-term outcome assessments are needed to assess the children’s compliance and symptom recurrence.
Valorar la Publicidad
Authors: Tena-Parera Daniel 
Published: July 2018

La valoración del trabajo publicitario, especialmente el que va asociado a la creatividad, lejos de ser un dictamen objetivo se asemeja más a la arbitrariedad o desconocimiento del sujeto evaluador. El fondo de la cuestión es si todo es medible o solo algunas cosas: ¿es medible la creatividad? ¿Son fiables los estudios de audiencias? La transferencia de conocimiento obliga a la academia a que el conocimiento sea verídico (científico). Mientras los dictámenes profesionales se localizan en lo personal-experiencial y dependiente de acciones promocionales, el conocimiento científico es una comprensión de los fenómenos que persigue el avance del conocimiento para su posterior mejora. Indagar en el territorio de ese conocimiento debe quedar reflejado en el avance de la creatividad en publicidad, y en las relaciones públicas. En realidad, las estrategias de comunicación se manifiestan a través de los estímulos formales que las transportan.
AGRA ROMERO, María Xosé (2016): ¿Olvidar a Clitemnestra? Sobre justicia e igualdad., Santiago de Compostela: USE Editora.
Authors: Campillo Neus 
Published: July 2018

Se trata de una Reseña del excelente libro: ¿Olvidar a Clitemnestra? Sobre justicia e Igualdad, cuya autora es María Xosé Agra Romero, Catedrática de Filosofía Política en la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. El libro realiza un análisis exhaustivo de las complejas relaciones en el mundo contemporáneo entre justicia e igualdad, desde un punto de vista que la autora considera privilegiado, la crítica feminista. Con un comienzo realmente atractivo que nos sitúa el problema desde la tragedia de Esquilo, la Orestiada, la autora se adentra en las complejas relaciones que se han dado en el mundo contemporáneo entre justicia e igualdad. Eso le lleva a un recorrido por los avatares de la justicia dstributiva, el giro político en la justicia, los problemas de la democracia, el debate desde la redistribución al reconocimiento, el giro cultural etc. Todo ello con una precisión conceptual y una claridad expositiva que hacen altamente recomendable el libro. Los lectores encontraran referencias pormenorizadas de los ricos y complejos debtes a la vez que una perspectiva asumida y argumentada que nos clarifica la situación actual al respecto.
Tlaloc, le dieu parasite
Authors: Karadimas Dimitri 
Published: July 2018

Travaillant à partir de sources variées et composites, l’auteur livre une analyse iconographique originale sur Tlaloc, le dieu parasite des Mayas, figure centrale de leur panthéon, souvent qualifié par les spécialistes des sociétés mésoaméricaines comme le « dieu de la pluie », mais aussi des tornades, des séismes et autres éléments météorologiques. À travers une démarche archéologique et anthropologique, l’auteur propose de mettre en lumière une « pensée analogique », traversant différentes sociétés précolombiennes, qui, pour créer les êtres imaginaires, trouve son inspiration dans les formes significatives apparaissant au sein du monde vivant, notamment dans certaines espèces d’insectes.
Pénétration, dévoration, métamorphoses, adoption
Authors: Randa Vladimir 
Published: July 2018

Cet article s’attache à éclairer les rapports que les Inuits entretiennent avec les « petites bêtes »qupirruit, en confrontant les textes de tradition orale avec les données ethnozoologiques et linguistiques recueillies sur le terrain. Comparée aux autres catégories taxinomiques inuites, la catégoriequpirruitest très hétérogène, comprenant les insectes mais aussi des vers et des araignées, et même certains petits crustacés. Le contraste est saisissant entre l’absence des « petites bêtes » du domaine de la subsistance et leur présence (re)marquée dans l’imaginaire collectif qui les fait interagir avec les humains, en s’inspirant de certains éléments empiriques. Les rapports desqupirruitavec les humains sont pensés pour l’essentiel en termes d’agression physique. Celle-ci prend la forme du parasitisme mais surtout de la pénétration et de la dévoration des humains, même dans un contexte aussi spécifique que l’adoption. Le corps humain s’avère être également un terrain privilégié où desqupirruitse transforment en d’autresqupirruit. Tout cela concourt à susciter chez les Inuits des sentiments de frayeur et de répulsion.
L’essai géographique : réflexions sur l’oeuvre de Luc Bureau
Authors: BROSSEAU Marc 
Published: July 2018

L’oeuvre de Luc Bureau a quelque chose de relativement unique dans la géographie québécoise, en particulier, et d’expression française, plus généralement. Si elle partage, avec la tradition humaniste de la géographie humaine et culturelle, une fascination commune pour les représentations, l’imaginaire, le symbolique et une affinité élective pour la littérature, elle se démarque par l’originalité de son ton, sa candeur, la nature de la relation à son objet, la liberté stylistique et l’affirmation résolue de la subjectivité du géographe. En un mot, les écrits de Bureau assument pleinement leur statut d’essai. La formeessayistiquefavorise pareille liberté discursive et épistémologique. Pourtant, rares sont les géographes qui en ont exploité les ressources aussi systématiquement que lui. Sur la base d’une lecture courtoise de l’oeuvre, mais aussi de sa réception critique (tant universitaire que journalistique), l’article propose une réflexion générale sur l’oeuvre livresque de Bureau dans le cadre de l’évolution de la géographie humaine francophone des 40 dernières années.
Les conceptions du Nord chez les géographes québécois
Authors: SIMARD Martin 
Published: July 2018

Le Nord québécois est un milieu géographique complexe et relativement peu connu. L’adoption du Plan Nord (2011) a suscité un renouveau d’intérêt à son égard, malgré la pertinence relative et les aléas du projet. Néanmoins, des géographes québécois s’intéressent au Nord depuis plusieurs décennies. Ces travaux, dont le pionnier est incontestablement Louis-Edmond Hamelin, offrent différentes lectures du Nord québécois ou canadien. Celles-ci se déclinent selon la dimension épistémologique ou selon un angle plus sociopolitique. Nous voulons donc comparer les diverses conceptions du Nord de quatre auteurs reconnus : Louis-Edmond Hamelin, Christian Morissonneau, Jules Dufour et Caroline Desbiens. Ils s’inscrivent dans un continuum temporel sur plus d’un demi-siècle, bien que leurs écrits sur le Nord ne présentent pas de continuité parfaite sur le plan des idées. Le résultat de cette recherche offrira un panorama des écrits de géographes québécois sur un territoire géographiquement important, voire sur une caractéristique, la nordicité, qu’on retrouve à différents degrés sur l’ensemble du territoire québécois.
Calcium‐Modified Silk as a Biocompatible and Strong Adhesive for Epidermal Electronics
Authors: Seo Ji‐Won , Kim Hyojung , Kim KyuHan , Choi Siyoung Q. , Lee Hyunjoo J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the increasing interest and demand for epidermal electronics, a strong interface between a sensor and a biological surface is essential, yet achieving such interface is still a challenge. Here, a calcium (Ca)‐modified biocompatible silk fibroin as a strong adhesive for epidermal electronics is proposed and the physical principles behind its interfacial and adhesive properties are reported. A strong adhesive characteristic (>800 N m−1) is observed because of the increase in both viscoelastic property and mechanical interlocking through the incorporation of Ca ions. Furthermore, additional key characteristics of the Ca‐modified silk: reusability, stretchability, biocompatibility, and conductivity, are reported. These characteristics enable a wide range of applications as demonstrated in four epidermal electronic systems: capacitive touch sensor, resistive strain sensor, hydrogel‐based drug delivery, and electrocardiogram monitoring sensor. As a reusable, biocompatible, conductive, and strong adhesive with water‐degradability, the Ca‐modified silk adhesive is a promising candidate for the next‐generation adhesive for epidermal biomedical sensors.
Surface Defect Engineering in 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Xiong Jun , Di Jun , Xia Jiexiang , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming 
Published: July 2018

Abstract2D Nanomaterials, with unique structural and electronic features, have shown enormous potential toward photocatalysis fields. However, the photocatalytic behavior of pristine 2D photocatalysts are still unsatisfactory, and far below the requirements of practical applications. In this regard, surface defect engineering can serve as an effective means to tune photoelectric parameters of 2D photocatalysts through tailoring the local surface microstructure, electronic structure, and carrier concentration. In this review, recent progress in the design of surface defects with the classified anion vacancy, cation vacancy, vacancy associates, pits, distortions, and disorder on 2D photocatalysts to boost the photocatalytic performance is summarized. The strategies for controlling defects formation and technique to distinguish various surface defects are presented. The crucial roles of surface defects for photocatalysis performance optimization are proposed and advancement of defective 2D photocatalysts toward versatile applications such as water oxidation, hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, organic synthesis, and pollutants removal are discussed. Surface defect modulated 2D photocatalysts thus represent a powerful configuration for further development toward photocatalysis.
Investigation of Magnetotaxis of Reconfigurable Micro‐Origami Swimmers with Competitive and Cooperative Anisotropy
Authors: Huang Hen‐Wei , Huang Tian‐Yun , Charilaou Michalis , Lyttle Sean , Zhang Qi , Pané Salvador , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent advances in magnetic nanocomposites have enabled untethered micromachines with controllable shape transformations and programmable magnetic anisotropy, paving the way for a variety of biomedical applications using soft microrobots. Magnetic anisotropy is programmed by assembling the embedded magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in polymeric materials to overcome the shape anisotropy of a given structure. However, this approach is questionably effective in reconfigurable structures, as shape changes naturally result in rearrangement of the embedded MNPs. A naturally occurring solution to this problem is found in magnetotactic bacteria, which build chains of MNPs in a linear‐chain formation in their cells to create a permanent magnetic dipole moment. This dipole moment enables them to actively sense magnetic fields and coordinate their movement in response, a behavior called magnetotaxis. Inspired by this, self‐folding micro‐origami swimmers comprising magnetic nanocomposite bilayer structures that exhibit controllable shape transformations and programmable, shape‐independent magnetotaxis is fabricated. A study of these structures reveals that their magnetic anisotropy results from competition or cooperation between anisotropy of assembled chains of MNPs and overall shape anisotropy. Moreover, how the magnetotaxis of the reconfigurable micro‐origami swimmers depends only on the embedded permanent dipole moment, independent of the overall magnetic anisotropy, is demonstrated.
Intrinsically 32P‐Labeled Diamond Nanoparticles for In Vivo Imaging and Quantification of Their Biodistribution in Chicken Embryos
Authors: Happel Patrick , Waag Thilo , Schimke Magdalena , Schweeberg Sarah , Muzha Andreas , Fortak Katrin , Heesch Daniel , Klask Laura , Pilscheur Mathias , Hoppe Franziska , Lenders Thomas , Meijer Jan , Lepperdinger Günter , Krueger Anke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanoparticles, especially from carbon, have great potential in biomedicine. However, prior to clinical use, biocompatibility and biodistribution of these nanoobjects have to be assessed. Currently, particle detection is mostly based on surface‐bound labels, inevitably altering materials' properties by surface modification. Further obstacles include bleaching, dissociation of labels from the surface, weak emission of fluorophores due to insufficient tissue opacity or hampered light penetration or the need for specific excitation wavelengths. These characteristics greatly constrain employment of such nanoparticles to address complex analytical questions. To overcome these drawbacks, the use of intrinsic structural features of nanoobjects is highly desirable: the particle surface remains unchanged and the nanoobject exhibits its innate behavior. Thus, for sensitive detection and quantification, labels should be incorporated in the nanoparticle core, thereby avoiding cleavage and warranting unchanged surface characteristics. The incorporation of clinically approved radionuclide 32P into the lattice of nanodiamond particles using highly defined ion implantation is described here. The properties, uptake, and biodistribution are studied in vivo, in the developing hen's egg model (hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane assay). It is found that 32P labeling of diamond nanoparticles allows their reliable localization and sensitive quantification in a cost efficient, highly reliable, and safe way using available autoradiographic devices and analytical methods.
Near‐Infrared IIb Fluorescence Imaging of Vascular Regeneration with Dynamic Tissue Perfusion Measurement and High Spatial Resolution
Authors: Ma Zhuoran , Zhang Mingxi , Yue Jingying , Alcazar Cynthia , Zhong Yeteng , Doyle Timothy C. , Dai Hongjie , Huang Ngan F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReal‐time optical imaging is a promising approach for visualizing in vivo hemodynamics and vascular structure in mice with experimentally induced peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The application of a novel fluorescence‐based all‐optical imaging approach in the near‐infrared IIb (NIR‐IIb, 1500–1700 nm emission) window, for imaging hindlimb microvasculature and blood perfusion in a mouse model of PAD is reported. In phantom studies, lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide (PbS/CdS) quantum dots show better retention of image clarity, in comparison with single‐walled nanotube (SWNT) NIR‐IIa (1000–1400 nm) dye, at varying depths of penetration. When systemically injected to mice, PbS/CdS demonstrates improved clarity of the vasculature, compared to SWNTs, as well as higher spatial resolution than in vivo microscopic computed tomography. In a mouse model of PAD, NIR‐IIb imaging of the ischemic hindlimb vasculature shows significant improvement in blood perfusion over the course of 10 days (P < 0.05), as well as a significant increase in microvascular density over the first 7 days after induction of PAD. In conclusion, NIR‐IIb imaging of PbS/CdS vascular contrast agent is a useful multifunctional imaging approach for high spatial resolution imaging of the microvasculature and quantification of blood perfusion recovery.
Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From the Nanoscale to Mesoscale
Authors: Shi Shaowei , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the past few decades, novel syntheses of a wide range of nanoparticles (NPs) with well‐defined chemical composition and structure have opened tremendous opportunities in areas ranging from optical and electronic devices to biomedical markers. Controlling the assembly of such well‐defined NPs is important to effectively harness their unique properties. The assembly of NPs at liquid–liquid interfaces is becoming a central topic both in surface and colloid science. Hierarchical structures, including 2D films, 3D capsules, and structured liquids, have been generating significant interest and are showing promise for physical, chemical, and biological applications. Here, a brief overview of the development of the self‐assembly of NPs at liquid–liquid interfaces is provided, from theory to experiment, from synthetic NPs to bio‐nanoparticles, from water–oil to water–water, and from “liquid‐like” to “solid‐like” assemblies.
Gadolinium‐Encapsulated Graphene Carbon Nanotheranostics for Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Hongmin , Qiu Yuwei , Ding Dandan , Lin Huirong , Sun Wenjing , Wang Geoffrey D. , Huang Weicheng , Zhang Weizhong , Lee Daye , Liu Gang , Xie Jin , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotosensitizers (PS) are an essential component of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Conventional PSs are often porphyrin derivatives, which are associated with high hydrophobicity, low quantum yield in aqueous solutions, and suboptimal tumor‐to‐normal‐tissue (T/N) selectivity. There have been extensive efforts to load PSs into nanoparticle carriers to improve pharmacokinetics. The approach, however, is often limited by PS self‐quenching, pre‐mature release, and nanoparticle accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system organs. Herein, a novel, nanoparticle‐based PS made of gadolinium‐encapsulated graphene carbon nanoparticles (Gd@GCNs), which feature a high 1O2 quantum yield, is reported. Meanwhile, Gd@GCNs afford strong fluorescence and high T1 relaxivity (16.0 × 10−3m−1 s−1, 7 T), making them an intrinsically dual‐modal imaging probe. Having a size of approximately 5 nm, Gd@GCNs can accumulate in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The unbound Gd@GCNs cause little toxicity because Gd is safely encapsulated within an inert carbon shell and because the particles are efficiently excreted from the host through renal clearance. Studies with rodent tumor models demonstrate the potential of the Gd@GCNs to mediate image‐guided PDT for cancer treatment. Overall, the present study shows that Gd@GCNs possess unique physical, pharmaceutical, and toxicological properties and are an all‐in‐one nanotheranostic tool with substantial clinical translation potential.
tert‐Butyl Nitrite Mediated Different Functionalizations of Internal Alkenes: Paths to Furoxans and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Mir Bilal Ahmad , Singh Sarangthem Joychandra , Kumar Ritush , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstracttert‐Butyl nitrite (TBN) reacts differently with various internal alkenes leading to interesting and useful products. Synthesis of 1,2,5‐oxadiazole‐N‐oxides (furoxans) has been achieved from internal alkenes using tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN), quinoline and K2S2O8. Under an identical reaction condition α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and cyclic and acyclic internal alkenes both afforded nitroalkenes as the sole product via decarboxylative and direct nitration path respectively.magnified image