bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEMPORAL AND DOWNSTREAM CHANGES IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE ATCHAFALAYA AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS, LOUISIANA
Authors: Mossa Joann 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding the causes of interannual and annual variations between discharge and suspended sediment in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers can assist in environmental management and inferring ways in which large rivers behave differently than do smaller rivers. This investigation identifies some of the important temporal and downstream relationships between discharge and various suspended sediment parameters, and interprets causes for these variations. The data base used for this investigation includes over 2000 observations collected since 1950 with accompanying hydraulic and bed material data.
Near Old River, at the upstream end of the study reach, empirical relationships show nonlinearity. Nonlinearity occurs particularly with fine sediments, which show decreased concentrations at high discharges largely related to removal by flushing from the basin and channel. Suspended sediment peaks, consisting principally of fine cohesive materials, typically lead discharge crests, with the lead decreasing with decreasing discharge maxima. Downstream, velocities decrease at low discharges as the channel deepens and fine materials become increasingly abundant. Settling and resuspension of fines thus become increasingly important, and empirical relationships show increased linearity. Results have implications for river and coastal management in Louisiana and, further, revise some concepts regarding discharge-suspended sediment relationships, applicable particularly to the downstream ends of large rivers.
SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSHES
Authors: Reed Denise J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Louisiana is experiencing land loss rates of over 75 km2 per year. One component in the land loss is marsh deterioration caused by insufficient sedimentation to keep pace with high rates of relative sea-level rise. Sediment deposition depends upon both the opportunity for sediment transport onto the marsh surface and the availability of suspended sediment for deposition. Factors affecting opportunity and availability are examined, including the role of storms and riverine flooding. Some sediment is still being deposited in Louisiana’s coastal marshes but it may not be sufficient to prevent further coastal land loss.
SEDIMENTOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO LONG BORINGS THROUGH THE TERREBONNE HOLOCENE DELTA PLAIN: EFFECTS OF EARLY DIAGENESIS AND LITHOLOGY ON SUBSIDENCE
Authors: Roberts Harry H. , Penland Shea , Bailey Alan , Suhayda Joseph N. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Subsidence is one of the major processes driving coastal land loss in Louisiana. In an attempt to better understand local conditions influencing this process two continuously cored borings were taken in the Terrebonne Parish wetlands of the Lafourche delta complex. These borings were of sufficient length to completely penetrate sediments of the thick Holocene Mississippi River valley fill. One boring, 140 ft (42.6 m) long, was collected in western Terrebonne Parish under US Corps of Engineers support while the eastern Terrebonne Parish boring, 200 ft (61 m) long, was sponsored by the US Geological Survey. X-ray radiography revealed that the sediments of each boring were composed of cyclic depositional events. Each cycle basically incorporates a coarsening upward sedimentary sequence and may be described as a parasequence within the Holocene systems track. However, a wide range of sedimentary environments are represented from brackish/marine bay sediments to once exposed natural levees of major channels. Geochemical testing, particularly of carbonates and sulfides, radiocarbon dating of appropriate materials, and cone penetrometer profiling of the eastern Terrebonne boring site provided an initial data base for evaluation of effects of lithology and diagenesis on subsidence.
THE REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES ABOVE AND BELOW THE PLIO-MIOCENE DETACHMENT SURFACE-SOUTHERN LOUISIANA SHELF, GULF OF MEXICO
Authors: BROOKS ROBERT O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently available seismic and log data indicate that the geologic section on the southern Louisiana shelf can be divided into at least two separate and distinct structural realms, separated by a regional detachment. In some portions of the shelf, extensive deformation along, above, and below this surface is associated with salt movement and shallower listric growth faults that flatten with depth along a primary weld. In other portions deformation is limited and the upper detachment is only the youngest of several stacked detachments. The former area, where the greatest horizontally injected salt creates divergence in dips across the detachment, has been the focus of most of the recent sub-salt drilling. In the deeper Plio-Miocene section there is a combination of salt welds, pillows, stocks and piercements, older detachment surfaces, faulting, apparent unconformities, compressional folds, and remnant salt features. Success in the location of sub-salt reservoir sands is dependent on the recognition and understanding of these structural variations and their influence on sand distribution.
TRANSLATION OF SALT SHEETS BY BASAL SHEAR
Authors: HARRISON HOLLY , PATTON BRADLEY 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The offshore Louisiana outer shelf and upper slope are underlain by numerous allochthonous salt sheets which were laterally emplaced during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Lateral salt emplacement involves a two-stage process. Initially, shallow salt sheets with thin carapaces of deep-water shales flow downdip like glaciers by low-angle gravity spreading. The condensed shale sections are deposited on bathymetrically high salt sheets and are then rafted downdip, resulting in repeated sections below the allochthonous salt. Although the glacier model explains the repeated sections, data indicate that another mechanism of salt translation becomes dominant after initial emplacement.
Burial and confinement of the salt sheet initiates secondary salt diapirism, salt sheet segmentation, and rafting episodes. Sedimentary loading landward and above the sheet causes salt to flow laterally with shear concentrated at the base of salt. Compressional thrusts at the leading edge of salt sheets can be traced updip to the base of salt, and they continue under the salt as thrust faults. This basal shear zone includes compressional features within the sedimentary layer below salt. The sheared section below the salt is distinct from the supra-salt rafted condensed shale sections, and is defined as a highly overpressured interval between 400 and 2000’ thick, consisting of a series of thrust faults. The subthrust sedimentary interval below the salt can have overturned and repeated sections defined by paleontological assemblages. The shear zone may also extend into the base of salt and modify the geometry of the salt base, causing chevron or stair-stepped subcrops and sedimentary inclusions at the base of salt. These deformations cause an unusual rock rheology with pore pressures approaching fracture pressures within the basal shear zone, then diminishing with depth to a more regional pore pressure gradient.
SEISMIC FACIES AND PETROLEUM SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF AN ALLUVIAL TO ESTUARINE SYNTECTONIC DEPOSITIONAL PACKAGE, NAVARIN BASIN, BERING SEA, ALASKA
Authors: ARMENTROUT JOHN M. , NIEDERER ARLO F. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Navarin Basin, located on the northwestern margin of the Bering Sea Shelf, is a Cenozoic backarc extensional basin overlying Mesozoic rocks. Formation of the basin began with right-lateral oblique extension along northwest trending strike/ slip fault systems. Local highs provided sediment supply to syntectonic lows. Seismic facies analysis of this syntectonic fill suggested alluvial to shallow marine fill, possibly in an estuarine setting. Subsequent inversion of this syntectonic package resulted in its being in a structurally high position.
Analysis of the exploration potential of this syntectonic package suggested that it could be sand prone, and might provide an effective reservoir if seal rock was deposited prior to the major pulse of hydrocarbon generation from known Eocene oil-prone organic rich rock.
Drilling of the syntectonic package, following O.C.S. Sale 83 (April 1984) found tight, late Cretaceous non-marine to shallow marine facies with no hydrocarbons. Post-drill analysis confirmed that the tectonic inversion history did not provide effective topseal of the potential reservoir sandstones prior to the main pulse of hydrocarbon generation.
APPLICATION OF OUTCROP ANALOGS TO FLUVIAL-DELTAIC RESERVOIRS II: EXAMPLE FROM GULF OF MEXICO RESERVOIRS, FRIO FORMATION, SOUTH TEXAS
Authors: KNOX PAUL R. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Large volumes of mobile oil remain in mature Gulf Coast fluvial-deltaic reservoirs, in some cases more than has been produced through five decades. Detailed characterization studies that identify the location of remaining oil are needed to recover this large resource. Such studies rely on the confident identification of reservoir architecture and heterogeneity, which are difficult to determine with the limited subsurface data typically available in mature fields. Observations from the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah indicate that architecture and heterogeneity are related to position within a high-frequency depositional cycle and are consequently predictable. To test the application of these observations to Gulf Coast reservoirs, the architecture and heterogeneity of upper delta plain channel belt reservoirs within a flooding surface-bounded interval in Tijerina-Canales-Blucher (T-C-B) field, located within the Frio Formation Fluvial-Deltaic Sandstone (Vicksburg Fault Zone) play in South Texas, were examined.
Channel belt sandstone reservoirs deposited during the progradational/aggradational portion of a depositional cycle are narrow, ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 mi in width, and internally homogeneous, with single gas completions draining comparatively large reservoir volumes of approximately 40 ac. In contrast, channel belt deposits of the retrogradational portion of a cycle are broad, more than 3.5 mi in width, and internally heterogeneous, with individual completions typically draining oil reservoir volumes of 1.5 ac. These patterns parallel observations of incised valley channel architecture in the Ferron and are probably strongly influenced by progressive increases in baselevel rise through a cycle. However, climate may also influence patterns, as indicated by similarities with Pleistocene Gulf Coast fluvial systems that are interpreted to vary in architecture as a consequence of changing river discharge volumes.
Application of Ferron and Scott/Whitehill observations to other Gulf Coast reservoirs should be made cautiously, with appropriate considerations of position along depositional dip and age-specific eustatic amplitudes being incorporated. Predictions of reservoir architecture and heterogeneity made on the basis of position within a depositional cycle can assist in the prioritization of reservoirs for detailed characterization studies, in overall estimations of reserve-growth potential, and in focusing of mature field revitalization strategies.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND ARCHITECTURE OF LAGNIAPPE DELTA COMPLEX, NORTHEAST GULF OF MEXICO
Authors: KOLLA V. , BIONDI P. , LONG B. , FILLON R. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
From a multidisciplinary study that utilized high-resolution seismic and a variety of analytical data from four continuously-cored boreholes, we have identified six major (and many minor) sequence boundaries and maximum flooding surfaces associated with the oxygen isotope stages 14 to 1 (since 500 KY BP) within the Late Pleistocene shelf margin Lagniappe delta complex in the NE Gulf of Mexico. We discuss here in detail a portion of the delta complex that prograded seaward for several tens of miles during the last, fourth-order, glacial-interglacial cycle since 125 KY BP. A well-developed calcareous-rich interval deposited during the isotope stage 5 (125-70 KY BP) underlies this portion of the delta complex. The delta complex consists of many lobes that were deposited during the several, fifth-order, sealevel drops within the falling stage and during the maximum lowstand-early sealevel rise of the cycle. We have recognized one main fourth-order sequence boundary that resulted from the erosion of an incised valley during the maximum lowstand of sealevel, and several, fifth-order sequence boundaries that were created during the minor sealevel drops within the falling stage. The incised valley-fill deposits consist of distributary channel deposits, bay-head deltas and estuarine deposits that were subsequently transgressed during the Holocene sealevel rise. This transgressive surface forms the base of isotope stage 1. On the whole, the isotope 5 to 1 stage interval of the Lagniappe Delta can be divided into four systems-tracts—highstand, falling stage, lowstand-early rise and transgressive.
PREDICTION OF NIGERIAN RESERVOIR SANDS THROUGH INTEGRATION OF SEISMIC IMAGING AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
Authors: WILLIAMS H. , BERGE C. , HARTUNG M. , DE RUITER R. , UGUETO G.A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Sequence stratigraphic concepts have long been used to integrate core and well log data with 3D seismic data to establish predictive reservoir models. This paper documents a new technique to systematically evaluate large scale log patterns in order to identify key chronostratigraphic surfaces with confidence. Linked closely to 3D seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretations, this technique has been applied in several reservoir modelling studies in the Niger Delta. Special emphasis has been given to the influence of growth faults on reservoir development. The resulting tectonosedimentary framework has led to semi-quantitative predictions about sediment geometry and distribution which were subsequently utilized to constrain 3D models of the reservoirs. Such 3D models improve the quality and success of appraisal drilling as well as field development planning.
SEQUENCE-STRATIGRAPHIC CONTROLS ON COTTON VALLEY TIGHT GAS SANDSTONES, CARTHAGE FIELD, PANOLA COUNTY, TEXAS
Authors: WILLIAMS RALPH A. , MITCHUM ROBERT M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Sequence-stratigraphic interpretation of well logs using interactive software combined with detailed production data was used to determine the reservoir architecture of the Upper Jurassic Cotton Valley Formation in the Carthage field and surrounding areas of Panola County, Texas. Seven major third-order depositional sequences were identified by correlating gamma ray and resistivity logs on 1,080 wells. Each sequence has identifiable lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. More than 30 unique tight-gas sandstone reservoir units occur in a facies spectrum of incised-valley fill, coastal plain and lagoonal facies, deltas, wave-dominated shorelines, and turbidites. Each facies has characteristic reservoir sandstone types and distributions, depending upon its depositional environment and position within sequences and systems tracts. Maps of “clean sandstone” derived from gamma ray analysis show characteristic distribution patterns and reservoir qualities for each facies. A predetermined knowledge of reservoir facies and architecture interpreted from stratigraphic sequences simplifies and reduces the costs of drilling, completion, and production.
Comparative Fingerprint Profiling of Unani Polyherbomineral (Safoof-e-Pathar Phori) Formulation by HPTLC, HPLC, and GC-MS
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Parveen Rabea , Mujeeb Mohd , Zaidi S M Arif 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Standardization of Unani formulations is essential to assess the quality and safety of drugs to establish their acceptance internationally as well as in nationally. Safoof-e-Pathar phori is a polyherbomineral formulation that contains six different plant and mineral constituents: Didymocarpus pedicellata, Dolichos biflorus, Rheum emodi, Raphanus sativus, potassium carbonate, and potassium nitrate. Objective: The objective of the study is to develop and establish the quality of Safoof-e-Pathar phori, used for antilithiatic activity using chromatographic analysis. Methods: This study involves comparative fingerprint profiling of an Unani polyherbomineral formulation with its plant constituents by high-performance TLC (HPTLC), HPLC, and GC-MS. The authenticity of the Unani polyherbomineral formulation using comparative HPLC and GC-MS fingerprint profiling was achieved by comparing the retention time of peaks matching with plant drugs. Results: In HPTLC, comparative fingerprinting was done on the basis of retardation factor values of compounds separated on HPTLC plates of the formulation and the single drugs. The relative retention times of the characteristic peaks in the HPLC fingerprinting were established for identification of the Unani poly-herbo-mineral formulation, whereas GC-MS was used for comparative fingerprint profiling of different compounds present in single drugs and in formulation through the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Wiley libraries using mass by charge ration (m/z) of detected compounds. Conclusions: The fingerprint analysis approach is the most potent tool for quality control of polyherbal medicines because of its accuracy and reliability, and it also helps in identification and authentication and prevents adulteration. Highlights: The developed chromatographic methods enable the quality and safety profile of the products.
Smart Wearables for Tennis Game Performance Analysis
Authors: Kos Marko , Kramberger Iztok 
Published: October 2019

For monitoring the progress of athletes in various sports and disciplines, several different approaches are nowadays available. Recently, miniature wearables have gained popularity for this task due to being lightweight and typically cheaper than other approaches. They can be positioned on the athlete’s body, or in some cases, the devices are incorporated into sports requisites, like tennis racquet handles, balls, baseball bats, gloves, etc. Their purpose is to monitor the performance of an athlete by gathering essential information during match or training. In this chapter, the focus will be on the different possibilities of tennis game monitoring analysis. A miniature wearable device, which is worn on a player’s wrist during the activity, is going to be presented and described. The smart wearable device monitors athletes’ arm movements with sampling the output of the 6 DOF IMU. Parallel to that, it also gathers biometric information like pulse rate and skin temperature. All the collected information is stored locally on the device during the sports activity. Later, it can be downloaded to a PC and transferred to a cloud-based service, where visualization of the recorded data and more detailed game/training statistics can be performed.
Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Essential Oil Extracts from Leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium
Authors: Theerthavathy B. S. , Arakhanum Shaukath , Ravi Kumar B. S. , Ravi Kiran S. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The present study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Zanthoxylum ovalifolium leaf essential oil extracts and to screen the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial potential of the same.
Place and Duration of Study: The studies were carried out at Department of Botany, AVK College for Women, Hassan and Department of Biochemistry, Aurora’s Degree & PG College, Hyderabad from July 2017 to June 2018
Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles of essential oil extract was carried out and characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all the extracts. Furthermore, all the extracts were evaluated for anti-microbial activity against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and four pathogenic fungi using agar disc diffusion technique. Subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined.
Results: The major compounds identified were Limonene, isofenchol, Geijerene, isothujanol, Borneol, dihydrocarveol, isobornyl acetate, pregeijerene, b-elemene, trans-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. The TEM analysis of nanoparticles synthesized showed a size of 8 to 14 nm with a lmax of 450nm. All the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidant activity where the AgNP of essential oil extract showed maximum activity of 89.61% and 84.92% respectively for both DPPH free radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assays at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Among all the bacteria tested, B. subtilis was most susceptible at 100µg/ml with zone of inhibition of 22.5mm. While among all the fungi tested, A. niger inhibited more effectively by the AgNP of essential oil extract at 100µg/ml with a zone of inhibition of 16.2mm.
Conclusion: The results obtained were remarkable suggesting that AgNP of essential oil extract possess excellent anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity and can be an alternative bio-friendly source for various pharmaceutical industries.
Amino Acid Transporters: Roles for Nutrition, Signalling and Epigenetic Modifications in Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Progenitors
Authors: Van Winkle Lon J , Ryznar Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Amino acids serve both to nourish and as signalling molecules in cells and, consequently, so do their biomembrane transporters. In fact, some of these transporters may initiate signalling while transporting an amino acid substrate rather than serving simply to transport a signalling molecule. Most amino acid transporters now appear to have been cloned, and virtually all the cloned transporters are listed in solute carrier tables for easy access online. The characteristics of the transporters as they are expressed normally in cells do not always correspond to the characteristics of cloned transporters, however, and their transport and signalling functions will likely continue to emerge long after all transporters have been identified. For example, amino acids are metabolised to products that regulate DNA and specific epigenetic histone modifications in embryonic stem cells in order to maintain their proliferation and pluripotency. Alterations in these histone modifications may be expressed in a transgenerational manner and include both intracellular and extracellular histone actions.

Key Concepts

At least 60 genes in 12 gene families encode amino acid transporters (see tables at
http://slc.bioparadigms.org/
).

An amino acid may be listed as a substrate for a cloned transporter in these tables even though its transport has not been studied in detail.

The characteristics of cloned amino acid transporters may not correspond to the ways they function in cellular physiology.

Embryonic stem cells and their progenitors require specific environmental amino acids to remain undifferentiated.

Metabolism of the required amino acids produce products that regulate DNA and specific epigenetic histone modifications needed to maintain stem cell proliferation and pluripotency.

Mouse embryonic stem cells take up the threonine they require via at least three obligate exchange amino acid transporters.

Human embryonic stem cells take up the methionine they need via amino acid transporter(s) that warrant full characterisation.

A maternal low protein diet during pre‐ and peri‐implantation development of embryos likely alters epigenetic DNA and histone modifications in embryonic stem progenitor cells.

These epigenetic DNA and histone alterations help to cause metabolic syndrome and related disorders, and they are likely transgenerational.

Extracellular as well as intracellular histone actions may influence transgenerational phenotype.