bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and translucency of zirconia after high‐speed sintering
Authors: Lawson Nathaniel C. , Maharishi Anvita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the strength and translucency of CAD/CAM zirconia blocks, with traditional and high‐speed sintering, to lithium disilicate.Materials and MethodsThree zirconia materials (Katana STML Block, Prettau Anterior, and Zpex Smile) were tested with either traditional (7 hours) or high‐speed (18 or 30 minutes in a SpeedFire furnace) sintering. A lithium disilicate material (IPS e.max CAD) was tested as a reference. Three‐point bend flexural strength specimens (16 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm, n = 10) were tested on 14‐mm‐separated supports and loaded to failure at 1 mm/min. Specimens (1 mm thick, n = 10) were measured in a Color‐i7 spectrophotometer against a black and white background to calculate translucency parameter. Zirconia specimens were thermally etched and a grain structure was observed with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were significant differences between materials for flexural strength, translucency parameter, and grain size (P < .001). Grains became significantly larger and pores were present when two of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) were sintered with a high‐speed sintering program.ConclusionsTwo of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) became less translucent and less strong using a high‐speed sintering program, whereas another (Katana STML Block) was unaffected.
Cresyl violet as a new contrast agent in probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Sun Yi‐Ning , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Li Li‐Xiang , Ji Rui , Wang Xiao , Li Peng , Li Yue‐Yue , Zheng Meng‐Qi , Liu Guan‐Qun , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Li Zhen , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimCresyl violet (CV) is a topical dye that allows simultaneous chromoendoscopy and in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy in identification of neoplastic changes of the lower gastrointestinal tract without intravenous injection of fluorescein, but as yet no investigation has reported its application in the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This study aims to assess the feasibility as well as diagnosis accuracy of topical CV for in vivo diagnosis of GIM by using probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE).MethodsIn this prospective, open‐label, feasibility study, 129 confocal videos from 22 patients with known GIM were analyzed and compared with corresponding histological images to establish the CV staining characteristics. In addition, 47 patients with known or suspected GIM were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the accuracy of this topical CV endomicroscopic imaging.ResultsProbe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy with topical CV enabled clear visualization of the goblet cells, absorptive cells, and intestinal villi of GIM. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of pCLE diagnosis of GIM on a per‐location analysis was 93.01%, 91.95%, 93.51%, 86.96%, and 96.11%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for inter‐observer agreement and mean kappa value for intra‐observer agreement for the diagnosis of GIM was 0.82 and 0.87, respectively.ConclusionsTopical CV enables real‐time chromoendoscopy in conjunction with pCLE examination of the stomach and warrants accurate diagnosis of GIM. It may be an acceptable and potentially alternative dye for confocal imaging in the future.
Influence of temperature on variety‐seeking behavior
Authors: Lin Hung‐Ming , Kuo Su‐Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis research investigates the influences of product temperature, and its interaction with ambient temperature on variety‐seeking behavior. Results from two studies show that product temperature exerts a significant influence on variety‐seeking behavior, with cold products stimulating a higher level of variety‐seeking behavior in participants than normal or warm products. Moreover, the effect of product temperature on variety‐seeking behavior is moderated by ambient temperature. Practical implications of these findings are included.Practical ApplicationIn terms of practical application, ice cream in supermarkets can be taken as an example of a cold product. Suppose a special offer provides consumers with a wider variety of choices, allowing them to choose various combinations of flavors such as mango, strawberry, vanilla, and chocolate. As low‐temperature environments induce greater variety‐seeking behavior in consumers, it is suggested that marketing personnel formulate strategies with this in mind. For instance, Costco has a refrigerated space for fruits and vegetables that has a lower temperature than other spaces in the warehouse. Special offers could be made for combinations of different products in this space, such as different types of mushrooms.
Effect of dietary inclusion of cumin seed oil on the performance, egg quality, immune response and ovarian development in laying hens under high ambient temperature
Authors: Saleh Ahmed A. , Kirrella Abeer A. , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Ebeid Tarek A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to find the effect of cumin seed oil (CSO, Cuminum cyminum L.) on the laying performance, ovarian follicular development and immune response in laying hens under high ambient temperature. A total of 162 Boven hens were randomly divided into three treatments and were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 0 (control), 250 or 500 g CSO per ton from 24 to 30 weeks of age. The experiment was done during summer season where the average temperate was 30 to 36°C. Feed intake and egg mass were recorded. Egg quality characteristics and egg‐yolk cholesterol content were evaluated. Ovary and oviduct samples were immediately weighted, and ovarian follicles were classified. Plasma total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured. Yolk width, yolk weight, yolk colour, shell weight and shell thickness were increased by feeding CSO. Egg production rate was not affected. However, dietary 500 g CSO per ton had a significantly positive impact on egg weight in comparison with control. The FCR was improved by feeding 500 g CSO per ton; however, feed intake and egg mass were not affected by CSO treatments. Plasma GOT, GPT and triglycerides were significantly decreased, while, plasma HDL‐cholesterol was significantly (p < .05) increased due to CSO treatments. Yolk cholesterol content was significantly decreased; however, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was insignificantly decreased due to dietary treatments. Interestingly, the inclusion of CSO in laying hens’ diets improved the antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND, p < .05) and against avian influenza H9N1 (p > .05) when compared with the control diet. It could be concluded that dietary inclusion of CSO improved egg weight, FCR, yolk and shell quality characteristics and did not have a negative effect on the reproductive morphology parameters in laying hens.
Variation in Alcohol Policy Enforcement Across Urban and Nonurban Communities
Authors: Calvert Collin , Toomey Traci , Lenk Kathleen , Joshi Spruha , Nelson Toben , Erickson Darin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThe goal of this study was to assess whether different types of communities (ie, urban, suburban, small town, and rural) vary in the alcohol enforcement activities they conduct.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from a national survey of local law enforcement agencies.DataThe survey assessed enforcement of a range of alcohol policies at 1,082 law enforcement agencies. U.S. Census data were used to categorize agencies based on community type.ResultsAgencies in urban areas conducted more enforcement activities than agencies in other community types. Urban agencies were more likely than rural agencies to conduct underage compliance checks (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.42; CI: 0.34‐0.53), saturation patrols (PR: 0.80; CI: 0.67‐0.95), sobriety checkpoints (PR: 0.68; CI: 0.53‐0.86), and enforcement aimed at illegal sales to intoxicated patrons (PR: 0.59; CI: 0.42‐0.81). Urban agencies were also more likely than small town agencies to do compliance checks (PR: 0.66; CI: 0.56‐0.79) and sobriety checkpoints (PR: 0.75; CI: 0.61‐0.91), and they were more likely than suburban agencies to do compliance checks (PR: 0.67; CI: 0.57‐0.78) and enforcement actions around the sale of alcohol to intoxicated patrons (PR: 0.64; CI: 0.45‐0.90), provision of alcohol to minors (PR: 0.77; CI: 0.65‐0.92), and consumption by minors (PR: 0.90; CI: 0.82‐0.99).ConclusionsEnforcement of alcohol laws differs by community type. Future research is needed to identify mechanisms to increase enforcement by agencies in different types of communities.
PNPLA3 rs738409 is associated with renal glomerular and tubular injury in NAFLD patients with persistently normal ALT levels
Authors: Sun Dan‐Qin , Zheng Kenneth I. , Xu Gang , Ma Hong‐Lei , Zhang Hao‐Yang , Pan Xiao‐Yan , Zhu Pei‐Wu , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Chen Yong‐Ping , Yuan Wei‐Jie , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsPatatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism is associated with NAFLD severity and the PNPLA3 gene is expressed in the kidneys, but whether PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism is also associated with renal tubular injury (RTI) is uncertain. We assessed the effect of PNPLA3 genotypes on biomarkers of RTI and glomerular function in subjects with NAFLD who had either normal (nALT) or abnormal (abnALT) alanine aminotransaminase levels.MethodsTwo hundred and seventeen patients with histologically proven NAFLD of which 75 had persistently nALT (below upper limit of normal for 3 months) were included. Multivariable regression analyses were undertaken to test associations between PNPLA3 genotype and biomarkers of kidney dysfunction.ResultsThe nALT patient group had higher urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin levels (u‐NGAL, a biomarker of RTI) (P < .001), higher albuminuria (P = .039) and greater prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD; P = .046) than the abnALT group. The association between PNPLA3 GG genotype and risk of CKD and abnormal albuminuria remained significant after adjustment for kidney risk factors and severity of NAFLD histology, mostly in the nALT group. Similarly, PNPLA3 GG genotype was associated with higher u‐NGAL levels in the nALT group, even after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors and glomerular filtration‐based markers (β‐coefficient: 22.29, 95% CI: 0.99‐43.60, P = .041).ConclusionPatients with NAFLD and persistently nALT, who carry the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele, are at higher risk of early glomerular and tubular damage. We suggest PNPLA3 genotyping may help identify patients with NAFLD at higher risk of RTI.
Enrichment and geoaccumulation of metals in the superficial sediments of Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tendaupenyu Pamela , Magadza Christopher H. D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSediments act as a sink, being an integrator and an amplifier for metals in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Thus, sediment quality has been recognized as an important indicator of aquatic pollution. The concentrations of aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and sodium (Na) were studied in the surface sediments of Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, to determine metal accumulation, distribution, pollution status and to distinguish natural background metal levels from human pollution sources. Sediment samples were collected from 17 locations during a two‐year (2014–2015) monitoring period during the hot–dry, hot–wet and cool–dry seasons. The overall mean metal concentrations exhibited the following decreasing order: Fe > Al>Mn > Ca>K > Mg>Na. The Mn levels for all sites and seasons were above the severe effect level (SEL). The highest metal and enrichment factor (EF) values were observed for the hot–wet season, indicating the period when the reservoir received the highest metal pollution from its catchment. The Geochemical index (Igeo) values for Mn for all seasons indicated moderately to strong contamination in sediments. The pollution load index (PLI) for all seasons indicated low pollution levels. Sediment contamination was attributed to natural sources for Al, Na and K and anthropogenic sources for Fe, Ca, Mg and Mn. The levels of studied metals in the Lake Chivero sediments are comparable to other eutrophic lentic systems. The results of the present study provide baseline information necessary for developing future metal pollution control strategies for Lake Chivero and its catchment.
Book review of evolutionary genetics: Concepts, analysis, and practice
Authors: Turbek Sheela P. , Semenov Georgy A. , Taylor Scott A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent technological advances have expanded and increased the resolution of studies in evolutionary biology, creating a need for a modern textbook that highlights the latest developments in the field. Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts, Analysis, and Practice, by Glenn‐Peter Sætre and Mark Ravinet (2019), as well as the book's accompanying online tutorials, provide a clear, up‐to‐date, and enjoyable introduction to evolutionary biology and genetics that explains fundamental evolutionary concepts, illustrates recent exciting findings, and offers hands‐on experience in analysing and interpreting genomic data. The book's accessible nature and emphasis on developing practical skills make it a valuable resource for undergraduate courses on evolutionary biology.
Generational ‘othering’: The myth of the Millennial learner
Authors: Jauregui Joshua , Watsjold Bjorn , Welsh Laura , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Robins Lynne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractContextThe health professions education (HPE) literature is replete with recommendations for how educators should adapt practices to the needs of generations of learners using generation theory to bridge perceived differences between learners and educators. Yet the evidence supporting the application of generation theory in HPE has not been critically examined. If unsubstantiated, these applications may perpetuate biases towards learners they are intended to support.MethodsThis paper critically reviews generation theory in the HPE literature, with particular focus on recent recommendations regarding “Millennial” learners. We used Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCO, JSTOR and PsycINFO to search for articles pertaining to the origins and uses of generation theory within and outside HPE. This synthesis is presented as a preliminary understanding of how ideas of generation theory arose and permeated the HPE literature, and explores the effects of generation theory on education practices.ResultsIn the HPE literature, the translation of generation theory into practice recommendations generally follows a pattern consistent with translations advanced in other literatures: broad generalisations drawn from limited data are used as evidence to support instructional approaches specifically designed for generational cohorts. Outside HPE, this application of generation theory has been criticised as a form of stereotyping that ignores the internal differences and diversity inherent in any large group of people. Accordingly, problematising the needs of generations such as “Millennial” learners in the HPE literature may perpetuate narrow or privileged assumptions by educators.ConclusionsGenerational archetypes such as that of the “Millennial learner” are myths that perpetuate unfounded generalisations about cohorts, reinforce power differentials between age groups, and minimise the unique needs of individuals. To individualise and strengthen teaching practices in HPE, we recommend adopting “generational humility” as a means to more purposefully address the dynamic social, cultural and historical influences that shape individuals within each generation of learners.
Cyanobacterial carboxysomes contain an unique rubisco‐activase‐like protein
Authors: Lechno‐Yossef Sigal , Rohnke Brandon A. , Belza Ana C. O. , Melnicki Matthew R. , Montgomery Beronda L. , Kerfeld Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2019

Summary

In plants, rubisco activase (Rca) regulates rubisco by removing inhibitory molecules such as ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP). In cyanobacteria, a homologous protein (activase‐like cyanobacterial protein, ALC), contains a distinctive C‐terminal fusion resembling the small‐subunit of rubisco. Although cyanobacterial rubisco is believed to be less sensitive to RuBP inhibition, the ALC is widely distributed among diverse cyanobacteria.

Using microscopy, biochemistry and molecular biology, the cellular localization of the ALC, its effect on carboxysome/cell ultrastructure in Fremyella diplosiphon, and its function in vitro were studied. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered evolutionary relationships between the ALC and rubisco.

ALC localizes to carboxysomes and exhibits ATPase activity. Furthermore, the ALC induces rubisco aggregation in a manner similar to that of another carboxysomal protein, M35, and this activity is affected by ATP. An alc deletion mutant showed modified cell morphology when grown under enriched CO2 and impaired regulation of carboxysome biogenesis, without affecting growth rate. Carbamylation of Fremyella recombinant rubisco was inhibited by RuBP, but this inhibition was not relieved by the ALC.

The ALC does not appear to function like a canonical Rca; instead, it exerts an effect on the response to CO2 availability at the level of a metabolic module, the carboxysome, through rubisco network formation, and carboxysome organization.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase dependency in BRAF/RAS wild‐type melanoma: A rationale for combination inhibitors
Authors: Ming Zizhen , Lim Su Yin , Kefford Richard F. , Rizos Helen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInhibitors targeting the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immune checkpoint molecules have dramatically improved the survival of patients with BRAFV600‐mutant melanoma. For BRAF/RAS wild‐type (WT) melanoma patients, however, immune checkpoint inhibitors remain the only effective therapeutic option with 40% of patients responding to PD‐1 inhibition. In the present study, a large panel of 10 BRAFV600‐mutant and 13 BRAF/RAS WT melanoma cell lines was analyzed to examine MAPK dependency and explore the potential utility of MAPK inhibitors in this melanoma subtype. We now show that the majority of BRAF/RAS WT melanoma cell lines (8/13) display some degree of sensitivity to trametinib treatment and resistance to trametinib in this melanoma subtype is associated with, but not mediated by NF1 suppression. Although knockdown of NF1 stimulates RAS and CRAF activity, the activation of CRAF by NF1 knockdown is limited by ERK‐dependent feedback in BRAF‐mutant cells, but not in BRAF/RAS WT melanoma cells. Thus, NF1 is not a dominant regulator of MAPK signaling in BRAF/RAS WT melanoma, and co‐targeting multiple MAP kinase nodes provides a therapeutic opportunity for this melanoma subtype.
Pediatric heart transplant from an incompletely treated influenza A‐positive donor
Authors: Smith Clyde J. , McCulloch Michael D. , Shirley Debbie‐Ann , L'Ecuyer Thomas J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a shortage of pediatric donor hearts for waitlisted children, and yet nearly 50% of organs offered are not transplanted. Donor quality is often cited as a reason for declining organs offered from donors infected with influenza, presumably due to concern about disease transmission at transplant leading to severe disease. We previously described an excellent outcome after heart transplant from a donor infected with influenza B that had been treated with a complete course of oseltamivir. In this report, we describe a similar outcome after transplantation of an organ from an influenza A‐positive donor with symptomatic disease incompletely treated with oseltamivir. Due to the availability of effective antiviral treatment, we suggest that influenza A is also a manageable donor infection that need not preclude heart placement.
Transgender experiences and transphobia in higher education
Authors: Siegel Derek P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile categories like “campus climate” highlight variationacrossinstitutions, trans people's experiences also varywithinan institutional context. By studying trans people's experiences in higher education, however, we can better understand and respond to the differentiated and changing needs of transgender people in other arenas. In this paper, I review key qualitative and quantitative findings along several themes: (a) disclosing trans identities, (b) trans communities, and (c) resources and career‐level support. Specifically, I use the concept of microclimates to explain how trans people encounter various forms of support and discrimination on campus. For example, someone might receive support from particular individuals, such as an advisor, or spaces, like a gender studies classroom, but not others. Researchers also report both similarities and differences between binary and nonbinary trans people, as well as between transgender men and transgender women, suggesting that there is no universal trans experience, nor a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to supporting trans students and faculty members. Challenging interpersonal and systemic transphobia requires context‐specific interventions.
Invisible losses. What a catastrophe does to forest owners’ identity and trust in afforestation programmes
Authors: Deuffic Philippe , Ní Dhubháin Áine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Ireland the political consensus to expand forest cover has not been really questioned for the last five decades, neither by policy‐makers nor by forest owners’ representatives. However, in 2014, Irish private forest owners experienced for the first time in their life a catastrophic windstorm. A qualitative survey, conducted among the forest owners affected by the storm, shows that beyond the economic losses this disaster deeply shook their convictions about the real benefits of afforestation programmes. Using the theoretical concept of relational expectations, we show that Storm Darwin deconstructed a significant part of their identity as their status switched from audacious pioneer to forestry loser overnight. The political and socio‐economic structures outweighed the agency of individuals and their initial desire not to reforest. While the reconstitution scheme gave them the direction to follow, it reduced the risk of desertion. However, our study also shows that landowners may be a lot more cautious before signing up for afforestation programmes in the future.