bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and spatio‐temporal diversification of Prunus subgenus Laurocerasus section Mesopygeum (Rosaceae) in the Malesian region
Authors: Zhao Liang , Potter Daniel , Xu Yuan , Liu Pei‐Liang , Johnson Gabriel , Chang Zhao‐Yang , Wen Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe goals of this study were to reconstruct the phylogeny of Prunus subgenus Laurocerasus section Mesopygeum and to provide a preliminary assessment of its spatio‐temporal diversification in the Malesian region. We inferred the phylogeny using nuclear ITS and ETS and plastid psbA‐trnH, rps16, rpl16, and trnC‐petN sequences. Our analyses support the monophyly of sect. Mesopygeum. Within sect. Mesopygeum, we identified four main subclades: (i) Prunus lancilimba from continental Asia; (ii) Prunus ruthii from Malay Peninsula; (iii) a subclade comprising species from areas centered on the Sunda shelf and also a few species from continental Asia and Wallacea; and (iv) a subclade composed of species from areas of the Sahul shelf, with a small number of taxa also from areas of the Sunda shelf, continental Asia, and the Philippines. We estimated that sect. Mesopygeum originated in continental Asia at c. 44.71 Mya (95% HPD: 31.66–46.90). Nine dispersals between major geographic areas were inferred. From continental Asia, three and two dispersals were inferred to the Sunda shelf and the Sahul shelf in the mid‐Oligocene, respectively. Two dispersals were inferred from the Sahul shelf region to the Sunda shelf in late Oligecene and early Miocene, respectively. There were also two dispersals inferred from the Sunda shelf region, one to the Philippines and one to Wallacea, in the middle and late Miocene, respectively. The diversification in sect. Mesopygeum was likely driven by active geologic events and orogenies in the Neogene in the Malesian region.
The performance of fiscal policy under an inflation targeting regime: What can be learned by the Brazilian fiscal rules?
Authors: Díaz‐Roldán Carmen , Ferrari‐Filho Fernando , da Silva Bichara Julimar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper aims at, on the one hand, analyzing the Brazilian fiscal performance since the implementation of inflation targeting regime (ITR), June 1994, and the usefulness of fiscal rules to reach fiscal discipline in Brazil. On the other hand, it tries to evaluate what would have happened to the Brazilian government deficit if the new fiscal regime, that was implemented in 2016, would have been applied after the implementation of the ITR. Into this direction, we present an empirical analysis to describe three different fiscal rule scenarios, which includes a restriction related to inflation, depending on the preferences of the fiscal authorities: the austere, the symmetric or indifferent or the growth‐promoting environment. The main result of our empirical analysis is that, even in a context of ITR, the use of proper fiscal rule (countercyclical fiscal policy) helps to rationalize fiscal consolidation efforts by promoting a favorable environment for economic growth.
C3 glomerulopathy in children: Is there still a place for anti‐cellular immunosuppression?
Authors: Kojc Nika , Bahovec Alenka , Levart Tanja Kersnik 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo contribute additional clinical experience to the paucity of reports on C3 glomerulopathy (C3GP) in children, we are reporting our cohort of 11 children with C3GP, emphasizing the therapeutic options in this peculiar entity.MethodsWe describe the incidence, manifestation, histopathology findings, follow‐up, treatment and outcome of C3GP in 11 children with C3GP by retrospectively analyzing their clinical charts and renal biopsy reports.ResultsEleven C3GP patients were identified among 240 children who had undergone renal biopsy, accounting for a 4.6% incidence of C3GP. A light microscopy examination showed a membranoproliferative pattern (n = 8), mesangial proliferation (n = 1), a mesangial/membranoproliferative pattern (n = 1) and endocapillary proliferation (n = 1). All children presented with proteinuria of varying degrees, the majority of them with additional hematuria, three with full‐blown nephrotic‐nephritic syndrome, and two with renal insufficiency at presentation. Very diverse treatments were applied in our cohort of patients, from no specific treatment to different mono or combined anti‐cellular immunosuppression treatments, as well as a trial of plasma therapy or eculizumab. Our results are in to some extend in concordance with other studies revealing that an optimal therapy for C3GP is still unknown, but we believe that a trial of classical immunosuppression before eculizumab is still worth trying, while eculizumab can have a beneficial effect, but not in all patients.ConclusionA diverse histological pattern and clinical picture and no known optimal therapy are a hallmark of C3GP.
Health‐related quality of life following kidney and simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation
Authors: Rajkumar Theepika , Mazid Shenaaz , Vucak‐Dzumhur Mirna , Sykes Tanya M , Elder Grahame J 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionKidney and simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK) transplant recipients are younger and fitter than most other dialysis patients, but are also more vulnerable in areas of social, emotional and physical interaction. Few studies have tracked their post‐transplant health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).AimTo assess HRQoL following kidney and SPK transplantation, with comparison to dialysis patients, people with multiple co‐morbidities and general population data.MethodsPatients completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL‐SF™) 1.3 to assess their pre‐transplant HRQoL within 4 weeks of transplantation and 12 months later. Demographic and laboratory data were collected on participating patients and on non‐participating patients at both time‐points.ResultsOf 118 patients who completed the baseline KDQOL‐SF™, 75 (57 kidney and 18 SPK) completed the 1 year survey. Compared to baseline, 12 months HRQoL scores improved in all domains except for work status, exceeded those of patients on dialysis and, except for emotional wellbeing and mental health, exceeded the scores of people with multiple co‐morbidities. For female transplant recipients, 12 months HRQoL scores were not statistically different from similarly aged women in the general population. Male transplant recipients had similar scores for bodily pain and energy/fatigue, but lower scores in other domains. Compared to kidney‐only transplant recipients, SPK recipients achieved higher scores in work and sleep domains.ConclusionImprovements in most HRQoL domains occur within 1 year of kidney or SPK transplantation, and women achieve similar HRQoL to women in the general population. These data are encouraging for patients contemplating transplant listing.
Nocturnal home haemodialysis: The 17 years experience of a single Australian dialysis service
Authors: Choo Shi Z , See Emily J , Simmonds Rosemary E , Somerville Christine A , Agar John W M 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe Barwon Health nocturnal home haemodialysis (NHHD) program was established in 2000 as the first formal NHHD program in Australia. We aimed to assess reasons for and factors associated with program exit, and technique and patient survival rates.MethodsThis retrospective audit included all patients enrolled in the NHHD program from 1st September 2000 to 31st July 2017. The primary outcome was technique failure, defined as transfer to satellite haemodialysis (HD) or to peritoneal dialysis (PD) for greater than or equal to 60 days, or death. Predictors of technique failure were identified by competing risk regression analyses. Patient and technique survival were estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsA total of 109 patients underwent 112 periods of NHHD during the study period. Technique failure occurred in 33 patients (30%), of whom 16 were transferred to satellite HD for medical reasons, 16 died, and 1 transferred to PD due to a lack of vascular access. Median technique survival was 7.8 years (interquartile range 4.1, 11.1) and median patient survival 14.6 years (interquartile range 6.2,‐). Average NHHD duration for those who transferred to satellite HD was 5.2 ± 3.6 years, and for those who died was 4.7 ± 3.8 years. Older age and diabetes were associated with technique failure. However, due to a small number of events the risk of confounding in this study was high.ConclusionNocturnal home haemodialysis has excellent long‐term technique and patient outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of factors associated with poorer outcomes, to ensure that additional support can be provided to patients at greatest risk.
Oncology in nephrology comes of age: A focus on chronic dialysis patients
Authors: Cheung Chi Yuen , Tang Sydney C W 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTDialysis is the commonest modality of renal replacement therapy for patients suffering from end‐stage kidney disease. Different registry studies showed that the risks of overall cancer occurrence were significantly higher in chronic dialysis patients than in the age‐matched general population. However, the frequency and pattern of different cancers may vary among different geographical areas. Since chronic dialysis patients tend to have multiple comorbidities and a shorter life expectancy, routine cancer screening in all dialysis patients may not be cost‐effective; rather screening should be personalized according to the patient's expected survival, candidacy for kidney transplant together with patient preferences.
Subgroups of IBS patients are characterized by specific, reproducible profiles of GI and non‐GI symptoms and report differences in healthcare utilization: A population‐based study
Authors: Polster Annikka V. , Palsson Olafur S. , Törnblom Hans , Öhman Lena , Sperber Ami D. , Whitehead William E. , Simrén Magnus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous clinical sample of IBS patients, subgroups characterized by profiles of GI and non‐GI symptoms were identified. We aimed to replicate these subgroups and symptom associations in participants fulfilling IBS diagnostic criteria from a population‐based study and relate them to healthcare utilization.MethodsAn Internet‐based health survey was completed by general population adults from United States, Canada, and UK. Respondents fulfilling IBS diagnosis (Rome III and IV) were analyzed for latent subgroups using Gaussian mixture model analysis. Symptom measures were derived from validated questionnaires: IBS‐related GI symptoms (Rome IV), extraintestinal somatic symptoms (PHQ‐12), and psychological symptoms (SF‐8).Key ResultsA total of 637 respondents fulfilled Rome III criteria (average age 46 years, range 18‐87, 66% females) and 341 Rome IV criteria (average age 44, range 18‐77, 64% female) for IBS. Seven subgroups were identified in the Rome III cohort, characterized by profiles of GI symptoms (constipation‐related, diarrhea‐related, and mixed, respectively), and further distinguished by the presence or absence of non‐GI comorbidities. The Rome IV cohort showed five similar but less distinct subgroups with a preponderance of mixed symptom profiles. Higher severity of non‐GI comorbidities was associated with more frequent healthcare visits and medication usage.Conclusions and InferencesIn line with previous findings in a clinical IBS cohort, we were able to identify population‐based subgroups characterized by a combination of GI symptoms with the additional distinction made by varying severity of non‐GI symptoms and with differences in healthcare utilization.
Core principles which explain variation in respiration across biological scales
Authors: O'Leary Brendan M. , Asao Shinichi , Millar A. Harvey , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
670

I.
Introduction
671

II.
Principle 1 – Plant respiration performs three distinct functions
673

III.
Principle 2 – Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory performance
676

IV.
Principle 3 – Supply and demand interact over time to set plant respiration rate
677

V.
Principle 4 – Plant respiratory acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities
679

VI.
Principle 5 – Respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies
680

VII.
Future directions
680

Acknowledgements
682

References
682

SummaryRespiration is a core biological process that has important implications for the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of plants. The study of plant respiration is thus conducted from several different perspectives by a range of scientific disciplines with dissimilar objectives, such as metabolic engineering, crop breeding, and climate‐change modelling. One aspect in common among the different objectives is a need to understand and quantify the variation in respiration across scales of biological organization. The central tenet of this review is that different perspectives on respiration can complement each other when connected. To better accommodate interdisciplinary thinking, we identify distinct mechanisms which encompass the variation in respiratory rates and functions across biological scales. The relevance of these mechanisms towards variation in plant respiration are explained in the context of five core principles: (1) respiration performs three distinct functions; (2) metabolic pathway flexibility underlies respiratory performance; (3) supply and demand interact over time to set respiration rates; (4) acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities; and (5) respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies. We argue that each perspective on respiration rests on these principles to varying degrees and that broader appreciation of how respiratory variation occurs can unite research across scales.
Comparison of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, unaffected first‐degree relatives, and healthy controls
Authors: Bo Qijing , Dong Fang , Li Xianbin , Li Feng , Li Peng , Yu Haiting , He Fan , Zhang Guofu , Wang Zhimin , Ma Xin , Wang Chuanyue 
Published: November 2018

AimThe extent and specifics regarding cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR) have not been addressed in any single study. The present study compared the cognitive function of patients with BD or MDD, their FDR, and healthy control (HC) individuals.MethodsThe study population comprised adults (aged 18–55 years) with BD, adults with MDD, FDR (children or siblings of patients with BD or MDD), and HC (n = 105, 109, 85, and 95, respectively). The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status was used to assess neurocognitive functions, with five domains and 12 tests. A Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale brief form was applied to evaluate IQ. Status of mood was assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale.ResultsThe mixed model indicated significant variation among the four groups in cognitive function. Cognitive impairments, compared to HC, progressively greater from least to most were found in: FDR, MDD, and BD (F = 32.74, P < 0.001). Years of education correlated with cognitive performance (F = 17.04, P < 0.001), as did IQ (F = 240.63, P < 0.001). The total score for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression negatively correlated with cognitive function (F = 5.78, P = 0.017).ConclusionAmong the study groups, patients with BD had the most severe deficits, followed by MDD patients and FDR. Cognitive deficits could not be associated with a specific psychiatric disorder, but differences in degree were noted.
General mental ability, conscientiousness, and the work–family interface: A test of mediating pathways
Authors: Huang Jason L. , Shaffer Jonathan A. , Li Andrew , King Robert A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study proposed a model in which employee general mental ability (GMA) and conscientiousness are linked to work–family conflict and enrichment through their relationship with occupational prestige and coping styles. We evaluated this model in a sample of 709 working adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development II in the United States. Results indicate that, through occupational prestige and subsequent psychological job demands and financial well‐being, GMA was related to work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) and family‐to‐work conflict (FWC). GMA was also related to work‐to‐family enrichment (WFE) but not family‐to‐work enrichment (FWE) through occupational prestige and autonomy. In contrast, conscientiousness did not influence work–family outcomes through occupational prestige. Additionally, GMA and conscientiousness were both related to WFE/FWE through problem coping, whereas conscientiousness was related to FWC through avoidance coping. Examining the relative effects of GMA and conscientiousness, we found that the indirect effects of GMA through occupational prestige were stronger than those of conscientiousness, whereas the indirect effects of conscientiousness through problem coping were stronger than those of GMA. We discuss our findings in terms of the mechanisms through which stable individual differences may exert influences on work–family outcomes.
International survey on anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Calinescu Ana M. , Karam Oliver , Wilde Jim C. H. , Ansari Marc , McLin Valerie A. , Wildhaber Barbara E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn pediatric LT, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are regularly used to reduce the risk of vascular thrombosis. As evidence for optimal strategy is lacking, local practices vary greatly. The present survey aimed to compile an international overview of anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies in pediatric LT. An online survey was sent to 98 pediatric LT centers in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Twenty‐four centers answered the survey. 20/24 (83%) use some sort of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy, yielding 20 different strategies. Perioperative vascular problems, size of the hepatic artery, and patient weight were the most frequent determinants of changes in anticoagulant and antiplatelet strategy. Early HAT rates were reported to be 5% or less in 79% of responding centers. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies were not significantly associated with early HAT rates (P = 0.63), or with the number of pediatric LTs performed per year and center (P = 0.92). Internationally, there is a wide variety in anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies after pediatric LT. Efforts must be made to design a prospective multicentric trial to identify the optimal antithrombotic strategy.
Life‐history and demographic traits of the marula fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra: potential consequences of host specialization
Authors: Roets Petrus D. , Bosua Henrika , Ruth Archer C. , Weldon Christopher W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLife‐history strategies are diverse both across and within species, although the factors shaping this diversity are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigate the life‐history strategies of the marula fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and how they differ between the sexes. We measure lifespan and age‐dependent reproductive effort in both sexes. In females, reproductive effort is measured as fecundity (egg counts) and for males, courtship behaviour, mating propensity and sperm transfer at ages 5, 15 and 25 days are assayed. Mean ± SE lifespan of flies is 104.6 ± 2.8 days, with females living on average 9 days longer than males. Total female fecundity and time until peak egg production both positively correlate with lifespan. The proportion of males courting and mating is similar at 5 and 15 days, although courtship activity increases and mating success decreases significantly by 25 days. The number of sperm transferred and sperm storage asymmetry are highest at 15 days, with 12 173 ± 826 sperm being stored per female after mating. We also compare life‐history traits in C. cosyra with other tephritids, aiming to determine how niche breadth might contribute to life‐history evolution. In comparison with other tephritids, C. cosyra has a long lifespan and a relatively low lifetime fecundity, although males transfer particularly large numbers of sperm during copulation. These life‐history traits may be associated with the seasonal availability of marulas, which are its preferred native host.
A Review of Risk Matrices Used in Acute Hospitals in England
Authors: Kaya Gulsum Kubra , Ward James , Clarkson John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn healthcare, patient safety has received substantial attention and, in turn, a number of approaches to managing safety have been adopted from other high‐risk industries. One of these has been risk assessment, predominantly through the use of risk matrices. However, while other industries have criticized the design and use of these risk matrices, the applicability of such criticism has not been investigated formally in healthcare. This study examines risk matrices as used in acute hospitals in England and the guidance provided for their use. It investigates the applicability of criticisms of risk matrices from outside healthcare through a document analysis of the risk assessment policies, procedures, and strategies used in English hospitals. The findings reveal that there is a large variety of risk matrices used, where the design of some might increase the chance of risk misprioritization. Additionally, findings show that hospitals may provide insufficient guidance on how to use risk matrices as well as what to do in response to the existing criticisms of risk matrices. Consequently, this is likely to lead to variation in the quality of risk assessment and in the subsequent deployment of resources to manage the assessed risk. Finally, the article outlines ways in which hospitals could use risk matrices more effectively.
Poverty changes in Manaus: Legacy of a Brazilian free trade zone?
Authors: Castilho Marta , Menéndez Marta , Sztulman Aude 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study contributes to the literature on the social impacts of Special Economic Zones by analyzing poverty changes in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, where the Free Trade Zone of Manaus (FTZM) is located. Using census data, statistical micro‐decompositions and counterfactual simulations, we show that labor income was the major driver of poverty declines during the 2000 to 2010 decade in the municipality of Manaus (and all the more so for households with members working in the FTZM, who were less poor to start with). Comparison with ex‐ante “similar” municipalities, in regard to socioeconomic and demographic criteria, corroborates the relative success of Manaus in terms of poverty reduction as well as the essential role played by labor income. Wage regressions also show a significant FTZM premium effect for workers, though diminishing over time. In the rest of the state of Amazonas, nonlabor income remains the main factor for poverty reduction and the FTZM appears to have limited spillover effects, even at short distances. Our contrasting results illustrate both the benefits and limitations that trade and industrial policies face in underprivileged areas and suggest that a better targeting of social policies is needed to improve distributional outcomes and spillovers for the whole state.
Industrial structure and economic performance: The role of productive public expenditure
Authors: Chang Cheng‐wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractI consider productive government spending and preference for diversity in an imperfectly competitive macroeconomic framework, and analyze how differences in industrial structure affect economic growth and the welfare level. Two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, the optimal ratio of government spending is related to the extent of public expenditure externalities and preference for diversity. Second, the vertical separation regime leads to a higher economic growth rate and welfare level than the vertical integration regime, provided that the degree of monopoly power is relatively small.