bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulating multiparticle emitters with pair-sources: digital discovery of a quantum optics building block
Authors: Arlt Sören , Ruiz-Gonzalez Carlos , Krenn Mario 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Linear quantum optics is advancing quickly, driven by sources of correlated photon pairs. Multi-photon sources beyond pairs would be a powerful resource, but are a difficult technology to implement. We have discovered a way in which we can combine multiple pair-sources to act analogous to sources of four, six or even eight correlated photons for the creation of highly entangled quantum states and other quantum information tasks. The existence of such setups is interesting from a conceptual perspective, but also offers a useful abstraction for the construction of more complicated photonic experiments, ranging from state generation to complex quantum networks. We show that even just going from probabilistic two-photon sources to effective four-photon sources allows conceptually new experiments for which no other building principles were known before. The setups which inspired the formulation of these abstract building blocks were discovered by a computer algorithm that can efficiently design quantum optics experiments. Our manuscript demonstrates how artificial intelligence can act as a source of inspiration for the scientific discoveries of new ideas and concepts in physics.
Adaptive adjacent difference group sparse representation for rolling bearing fault detection
Authors: Sun Yuanhang , Yu Mingbiao , Qi Faqun , Chen Zhiming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Extracting fault feature from bearing vibration signals is vital and challenging because the fault feature is always weak due to noise interference in early stages of failure. This paper proposes a novel adaptive adjacent signal difference group sparse representation (Ada-ASDGSR) for bearing fault detection. Aiming to the time-domain feature of fault signal, the adjacent difference group sparse representation (ASDGSR) is developed firstly. Moreover, a weighted parameter-setup method is developed to set the regularization parameter of ASDGSR adaptively. Furthermore, a majorization–minimization (MM)-based optimization algorithm is derived for solving the proposed ASDGSR, which has the advantage of fewer iteration times and time-saving. Numerical simulation experiment and practical rolling bearing experiment are conducted to verify the performance of Ada-ADGSR in fault detection. The comparison results show that Ada-ADGSR is more effective for feature extraction in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods.
The Cost of Non-WTO
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The WTO looks like a downbound train. Its relevance has been eviscerated, and if there was any doubt to this effect, the recent MC13 (13th WTO Ministerial Conference) exemplified the size of the problem. Trading nations should ponder the cost of non-WTO: it risks having ripple effects. It is not just gains from trade that will shrink. It is global cooperation that will suffer. At a moment when the world community is facing global challenges like climate change and, for this reason, needs to act together, trade is driving its members apart.1
This is not an appropriate moment to revamp the WTO as necessary. Current times call for damage control. The membership should “soldier on” within its confines and adopt the suggested corrective action to keep it afloat, awaiting more favorable circumstances to proceed with an overhaul.
A Very Brief Introduction to Matrices
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a useful and somewhat less-taxing interlude, matrices and basic matrix arithmetic are introduced. Matrices can be multiplied by scalars and matrices of the same size can be added and subtracted. Matrix multiplication is a bit trickier. The product of matrices AB can be computed if the number of columns of A equals the number of rows of B. A key concept is that matrix multiplication is not commutative. Matrices are an important topic generally, being indispensable for the deeper study of mathematics, statistics, computer science, and all social and natural sciences. As preparation for Chapter 8, 2 × 2 matrices are studied along with their determinant and inverse.
Farey Fractions
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An explication of the beautiful theory of Farey fractions is given. A good bit of the history of the fractions is given together with the little that is known about John Farey himself. Included is a nice amount of their historical development and usefulness. The mediant of two fractions is introduced and developed. The mediant of two fractions a/b and c/d is simply (a + c)/(b + d). The mediant lies between the two fractions that form it. Farey fractions have a host of fascinating properties that we describe. Finally, a new result about which fractions can occur as the mediant of two fractions is developed that utilizes a bit of Chapter 7.
Are All Real Numbers Rational?
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Not all real numbers are rational. In fact, most real numbers are irrational. Here the classic result that $\sqrt 2$ is irrational is proven. There is a brief discussion of the concept of a countable infinity and it is then shown that the set or rational numbers are countably infinite. A countably infinite set can be placed in a one-to-one correspondence with the positive integers (the counting numbers). An uncountably infinite set such as the set of real numbers cannot. A completely explicit method of listing all rational numbers is developed inspired by Cantor’s diagonalization method, but somewhat simpler and original to this work.
Archimedes’ Determination of Pi
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Archimedes, the greatest mathematician and scientist of ancient times, determined an excellent approximation of the value of $\pi $ in his treatise The Measurement of the Circle. To accomplish his objective, he inscribed and circumscribed a given circle with regular polygons of ever-increasing number of sides, eventually using ninety-six-sided polygons. Archimedes showed that $220/71 \lt \pi \lt 22/7.$ An important ingredient in his analysis was a fairly accurate approximation of $\sqrt 3 $. We posit the hypothesis that Archimedes used appropriate convergents of the simple continued fraction for $\sqrt 3 {\text{ }}$ to make his estimates. Archimedes’ many additional contributions to both pure and applied mathematics are also discussed. Of special note is his “stomachion” puzzle which was only rediscovered in modern times.
Crash Course on Infinite Series
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The remaining chapters rely on an understanding of the convergence and divergence of various infinite series which is typically studied in a second semester calculus course. In this chapter, several concrete examples are given to help motivate a discussion of geometric series, the harmonic series, p-series, and convergence and divergence more generally. Included is an historical discussion of the Basel problem, determining the sum of the reciprocals of the squares. Along the way, the box paradox is discussed (a box where an infinite amount of paint is required to paint the sides and yet only a finite amount is needed to fill the boxes with paint). Basic results concerning the convergence and divergence of power series are introduced along with the concept of their radius of convergence. Explicit series are given for the numbers ln 2 and $\pi /4$. The chapter concludes by showing that although the harmonic series diverges, if we remove all terms containing the digit 7, then the sum converges.
Assessment of occupational exposure to micro/nano particles generated from carbon fiber-reinforced plastic processing
Authors: Kumoi Jun , Ikegami Akihiko , Matsumi Yutaka , Fujitani Yuji , Ichihara Gaku , Yano Takeo , Ichihara Sahoko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are leading functional materials with superior strength and low mass density compared to metal. Our previous factory site analyses found that CFRP processing generates fibrous debris and fine micro/nano-sized particles of various shapes. The present interventional study was conducted at a factory located in Japan and evaluated debris consisting of various-sized particles generated during the industrial processing of CFRP, such as cutting, grinding, and turning of CFRP pipes, using real-time particle monitoring devices of the following: PM4 Digital Dust Monitor (DDM), handled Optical Particle Counter (OPC), Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). In addition, personal exposure of workers was evaluated using a novel wearable PM2.5-compatible device (P-sensor). First, we confirmed the presence of micro/nano particles in the dust generated during industrial processing of CFRP. Finer CFRP-generated particles were detected by the nanoparticle-compatible devices; CPC and SMPS, but not by OPC or DDM. The dynamic detection pattern of the P-sensor resembled that recorded by the nanoparticle-compatible devices. The novel wearable P-sensor can be used to measure finer particles generated by CFRP processing in occupational settings. Second, the exposure assessment was conducted twice and the levels of the micro/nano particles in the second survey were significantly (less than half) lower than that in the first survey. By avoiding immediate power-off of the exhaust system after operations, the scattering of particles was effectively reduced. Our results indicate that effective use of local exhaust ventilation system improves the workplace environment for particle exposure.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D — an understudied subfamily affected in sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathies
Authors: Pinkerton Monica , Adler Gabrielle L , Ledger Mallory , Ni Chen Yue , Yang Yue , Tan Rachel H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite the recognition that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) modulate TDP-43 and can limit aberrant splicing events to compensate for TDP-43 loss, their role in TDP-43 proteinopathies remains poorly understood and studies in patient tissue are lacking. This study assesses seven heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins from the A/B, C, D and H subfamilies in two cortical regions implicated in early TDP-43 dysfunction versus late TDP-43 dysfunction in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Our results reveal significant nuclear loss of hnRNPD, hnRNPC and hnRNPA1 in the frontal cortex of frontotemporal lobar degeneration compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but not in the motor cortical neurons or Betz cells of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. Cytoplasmic co-occurrence was observed between hnRNPA1 and hnRNPC but not with phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43). Interestingly, nuclear hnRNPD loss associated with increasing cytoplasmic pTDP-43, highlighting an understudied subfamily in sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathies. In summary, this study identifies the nuclear loss of hnRNPD, C and A1 in a predilection brain region of TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases without significant pTDP-43 in this region. This highlights the need for further investigation into the involvement of these heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in disease pathogenesis and potential to serve as modulatory targets and/or proximal markers of TDP-43 dysfunction in sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathies.
From precursor to cancer: decoding the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression
Authors: Graham Sarah , Dmitrieva Mariia , Vendramini-Costa Debora Barbosa , Francescone Ralph , Trujillo Maria A , Cukierman Edna , Wood Laura D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This review explores the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through a dual lens of intrinsic molecular alterations and extrinsic microenvironmental influences. PanIN development begins with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutations driving PanIN initiation. Key additional mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) disrupt cell cycle control and genomic stability, crucial for PanIN progression from low-grade to high-grade dysplasia. Additional molecular alterations in neoplastic cells, including epigenetic modifications and chromosomal alterations, can further contribute to neoplastic progression. In parallel with these alterations in neoplastic cells, the microenvironment, including fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune modulation, plays a pivotal role in PanIN initiation and progression. Crosstalk between neoplastic and stromal cells influences nutrient support and immune evasion, contributing to tumor development, growth, and survival. This review underscores the intricate interplay between cell-intrinsic molecular drivers and cell-extrinsic microenvironmental factors, shaping PanIN predisposition, initiation, and progression. Future research aims to unravel these interactions to develop targeted therapeutic strategies and early detection techniques, aiming to alleviate the severe impact of pancreatic cancer by addressing both genetic predispositions and environmental influences.
Enhanced performance of Mg and La co-doped TiO2(98%)−ZrO2(2%) photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Atia Doaa M , Ahmed Ninet M , Abou Hammad Ali A , Toraya Marwa M , El Nahrawy Amany M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores the effects of magnesium (Mg) and lanthanum (La) doping on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing TiO2(98%)−ZrO2(2%) (TZ, TZM, and TZL) photoanodes. The photoanodes were fabricated using a spin-coating sol–gel method, followed by calcination at 400°C. The structural, morphological, crystallographic, and optical properties of the proposed photoanode composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The crystallite sizes of the synthesized thin films varied from 21.16 to 59.04 nm for the TZ, TZM, and TZL compositions. The current–voltage measurements of DSSCs based on TZL8 photoanode, cobalt sulfide-doped graphene counter electrode, and N719 dye revealed the highest efficiency of nearly 5.052%. The assembled DSSCs exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V, a short-circuit current density of 9.964 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.685. The enhancement in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density could be attributed to the improved electronic and microstructures of the proposed photoanodes.
The situation in media and communication research
Authors: Schnauber-Stockmann Anna , Bayer Joseph B , Harari Gabriella M , Karnowski Veronika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Communication researchers have long sought to situate or contextualize media behaviors in their natural settings. However, the many approaches taken to understand media behavior in context have varied considerably. This article proposes a metatheoretical framework for theorizing media behavior at the situational level, encompassing the entirety of circumstances surrounding a media behavior at a given moment. The framework describes how psychological states, environmental context, and media context combine to shape moment-to-moment media behavior. We then describe how situational factors have the potential to interact with the three phases of media behavior—i.e., selection, processing, and disengagement—in distinctive ways. We argue that communication researchers only gain the ability to explain the variability in media behavior by taking the situational level into account. We conclude by providing future theoretical and empirical directions to guide the field in building a more generalizable and durable understanding of situated media behavior.
The WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge: Situating a Landmark Development in International Intellectual Property Governance
Authors: Vásquez Callo-Müller María , Ortega Sanabria Diego F , Matsuno Remigio Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the recently adopted World Intellectual Property Organization Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge. The result of over two decades of discussions, the WIPO Treaty represents a landmark achievement in international intellectual property law and governance, establishing a mandatory disclosure requirement for patent applicants who utilize genetic resources and/or associated traditional knowledge in their inventions. This article dissects the key provisions of the Treaty, focusing on the mandatory Disclosure Requirement for patent applicants and the associated sanctions for non-compliance. The relationship between the WIPO Treaty and other international instruments is also addressed. Finally, the article considers how the Treaty is positioned within the broader landscape of intellectual property developments at the bilateral and regional level, particularly within Free Trade Agreements.
Effect of Esketamine Nasal Spray on Cognition in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results From Four Phase 3 Studies
Authors: Morrison Randall L , Singh Jaskaran , Daly Ella , Fedgchin Maggie , Ochs-Ross Rachel , Karcher Keith , Lane Rosanne , Cooper Kim , Sanacora Gerard , Maruff Paul , Drevets Wayne C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
While esketamine is effective in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), detailed information about the effect of esketamine on cognition is relatively scarce. This analysis assessed the effect of short-term (3 double-blind [DB] studies: DB1, DB2, and DB4) or long-term maintenance treatment (DB3) with esketamine nasal spray (ESK) compared with a placebo (PBO) combined with active-comparator, on cognition in patients with TRD.

Methods
Patients (DB1/DB2/DB3: [18–64 years, n = 747]; DB4: [65 years or older, n = 137]) with TRD received ESK (DB1/DB2/DB3: 56/84 mg; DB4: 28/56/84 mg) or PBO+newly initiated oral antidepressant (OAD) as per treatment schedules. Cognitive assessments—Cogstate battery and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised—were administered at baseline, Day 28/early withdrawal, and follow-up visits in DB1/DB2/DB4 and at 12-week intervals in the DB3 maintenance phase. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze ESK effects on cognition with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals to express the nature and magnitude of treatment effects relative to active-comparator+PBO. Correlation between depression severity (Montgomery-Ǻsberg Depression Rating Scale scores [MADRS]) and cognition was assessed at baseline and endpoint(s).

Results
At baseline, mild-to-moderate impairment in psychomotor function, attention, and memory (working and episodic) were evident. For each DB1/DB2/DB4, group mean performance in Z-scores for ESK+OAD and OAD+PBO groups on all cognitive tests remained similar or slightly improved from baseline at endpoint (Day 28) and follow-up assessments. Similarly, in DB3 (maintenance phase), both groups generally showed improvement in cognitive performance at endpoint(s). Correlations between MADRS scores and performance on the cognitive test battery were small at baseline and endpoint(s).

Conclusions
This analysis did not identify evidence of negative effects on cognition following short-term or long-term maintenance treatment with ESK+OAD in patients with TRD.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Neglected Disease in America
Authors: Contreras German A , Golovko George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States from 2019 to 2023 before transplantation. Utilizing data from a large multicenter network, we identified a rising seroprevalence of 4.8% from 1523 solid organ transplant recipients at the time of the evaluation for transplantation, particularly among lung and heart transplant recipients. The findings highlight the need for improved screening protocols to address this neglected tropical disease in transplant populations.
Major-Element Geochemistry and Fe3+/ΣFe of Metabasites
Authors: Forshaw Jacob B , Dominguez Hugo , Markmann Thorsten A , Tamblyn RenÉe , Hermann Jörg , Riel Nicolas , Lanari Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metabasites (metamorphosed mafic rocks) are crucial for understanding metamorphic and tectonic processes. Their preservation in exhumed orogenic belts from throughout Earth’s history and the diverse mineral assemblages they form under different pressure–temperature conditions make them valuable for studying metamorphic processes. This work compiles a database of 6186 major-element whole-rock analyses of metabasites from different metamorphic facies (low-grade, greenschist, blueschist, amphibolite, granulite, and eclogite). These are used to explore the range and variability in their composition and assess geochemical differences among metamorphic facies. To mitigate the impact of outliers, median values and median absolute deviations (MAD) are used as measures of central tendency and dispersion. Metabasites show decreased volatile content with increasing metamorphic grade and generally consistent major-element contents across facies, with subtle differences interpreted to result from sampling bias. The median worldwide metabasite is as follows (anhydrous, normalised values in wt %, ±MAD): SiO2 = 51.36±3.40, TiO2 = 1.33±0.82, Al2O3 = 15.47±1.97, FeOtotal = 11.48±2.50, MnO 0.20±0.06, MgO = 6.83±2.25, CaO = 9.84±2.34, Na2O = 2.82±1.05, K2O = 0.50±0.61, and P2O5 = 0.18±0.16. The median XMg = MgO/(MgO+FeOtotal) is 0.51±0.09. The median Fe3+/ΣFe was measured by titration in 3153 samples and is 0.26±0.12, comparable to values in altered oceanic crust or arc basalts. Future research must carefully examine the distribution of Fe3+ amongst minerals in metabasites, allowing for a better evaluation of the median whole-rock Fe3+/ΣFe and its potential susceptibility to analytical interferences.