bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Red Onion Skin Extract as Inhibitor for Gum Formation in Gas Condensates
Authors: Bamidele T. , Iwundu A. , Eke W. I. , Joel O. , Akaranta O. 
Published: August 2019

In the upstream sector, gum in condensate causes significant erosion in value worth millions of dollars per annum and increases operational cost due to high injection concentration of conventional antioxidants. Phenolic compounds are commonly used at low concentrations in the downstream sector to inhibit gum formation in refined petroleum products. However, gum inhibition in condensates, in the upstream sector, requires high concentrations of phenolic antioxidant. Therefore, there is need for cheaper and more effective antioxidants for gas condensates. The present study investigates the use of Red Onion Skin Extract (ROSE) as a natural inhibitor for gum formation in condensate based on ASTM D381. Treatments with ethanolic extracts of red onion skin were carried out on seven gas condensate samples with gum formation tendency. At a dosage of 200ppm red onion skin extract caused a reduction of 17.4% to 99.6% in washed gum content of the condensate samples. The performance of ROSE was comparable to, and in some condensates better than, commercially available catechol. The result obtained using ROSE highlights the need to explore the commercial viability of this application in oil & gas upstream operations.
Evaluation of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Authors: Singh Konsam Photan , Shaini L. , Singh Th. Sachin Deba , Kshetrimayum Victoria , Sadanandam Saishaym , Diana Wahengbam 
Published: August 2019

Aim: The aim of our study was to estimate the level of HbA1c in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). To determine any correlation between HbA1c, admission blood glucose (Random blood sugar), serum lipid profile among the cases and to evaluate the outcome during hospitalization.
Study Design and Setting: Cohort study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biochemistry and General Medicine including ICCU and Cardiology unit, RIMS, Imphal, between September 2015 to August 2017.
Methodology: Data were collected from 98 patients admitted in Medicine ward who were diagnosed with ACS irrespective of their diabetes status and they were divided into three groups according to their HbA1c levels (<5.7%, 5.7-6.4%, > 6.5%). The blood samples collected by venipuncture were analyzed for HbA1c level, done by RANDOX HbA1c Rx series (latex agglutination inhibition assay), admission blood glucose (measured by Trinder’s method) and serum lipid profile (RANDOX enzymatic Endpoint Method Rx series). The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi Square test, Independent sample t test, Pearson’s Correlation, Fisher’s exact test through SPSS 21.0.
Results: Majority of the patients were men (72.4%) & (27.6%) women and in the age group of 51-65 years. The mean age is 62.14 years. 54.1% of the ACS patients were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas 45.9% were non-diabetic. Out of 98 patients, 60 had HbA1c level in the diabetic range (≥6.5%), 25 in the pre-diabetic range (5.7-6.4%) and the remaining 13 were within normal range (<5.7%). Admission blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL were positively correlated with HbA1c value.
Conclusion: The mortality of the ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization was associated with HbA1c value irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization. However, it was not associated with thirty days mortality.
Correlation of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein, Tumour Necrosis Factor - alpha with Liver Enzymes in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Adediji Isaac Oluwole , Oluremi Adeolu Sunday , Adelakun Ayodele Ademola , Adepoju Paul Olusegun , Akingbade Dominion , Aina Daniel Ayandiran , Ademiluyi Joshua 
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Duration of Study: June 2018- March 2019.
Subjects and Methods: Sixty (60) participants were recruited for this cross sectional study. They comprised thirty (30) clinically diagnosed chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients attending clinic at a tertiary hospital in Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria. Thirty (30) apparently healthy volunteers were recruited as control subjects after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric measurements were performed using standard method. About 6mL of venous blood was collected from each study participant, serum was extracted and kept at -80oC until time of analysis. Small dense LDL, TNF-α, AST, ALT and ALP were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method as appropriate. Data analysis was done using Student’s t-test for comparison of variables and Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables. P–value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: SdLDL, TNF-α, AST and ALT were significantly elevated in HBV patients when compared with the control subjects (P<0.05). SdLDL had a significant positive correlation with TNF-α (P=0.03), AST (P=0.01), ALT (P=0.00). TNF-α had a significant positive correlation with AST (P=0.02) and ALT (P=0.00).
Conclusion: This study revealed a noteworthy positive relationship between sdLDL, TNF-α and hepatic aminotransferases in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Correlation between Lycopene Intake and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults from Celaya, Mexico
Authors: Contreras-Ponce Dania Concepción , Padilla-Raygoza Nicolas , Sandoval-Salazar Cuauhtemoc , Ramirez-Moreno Esther , Ramirez-Gomez Xochitl Sofia 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To identify if there is a correlation between lycopene intake and blood pressure levels in healthy adults of Celaya.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational, analytical study.
Place: All students registered at a public university in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Methodology: To measure blood pressure, a humeral digital baumanometer with adult bracelet (Rossmax MG150f) was used. The measurement was performed three times with a two-minute interval and the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was obtained. The daily intake of lycopene was evaluated with a questionnaire of the frequency of consumption of meals. The µg of lycopene were estimated with software related to the frequency of consumption of meals. Descriptive statistics were used for all variables. To identify the correlation and possible linear relationship between lycopene intake and blood pressure, Pearson r was calculated, linear regression equation, t-test, and P-value and Confidence Intervals at 95%.
Results: We included 446 participants (74.28% women, 25.78% men; between 18-51 years of age). The average systolic blood pressure was 108.30 mmHg, while the average diastolic blood pressure was 71.07 mmHg. The mean daily intake of lycopene was 6477.38 µg. However, there was no correlation or lineal relationship between lycopene intake and the measurement of systolic blood pressure (P=.93) and diastolic blood pressure (P=.5).
Conclusion: No correlation was found between daily intake of lycopene and blood pressure (P> .05) in this adult sample from Celaya, Mexico. Studies should be conducted with a different way of determining the intake or level of lycopene in the body.
Cryptococcosis in HIV – Infected Hospitalized Patients in Latvia
Authors: Anastasija Sangirejeva , Inga Azina , Baiba Rozentale 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among HIV hospitalized patients, to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes in Latvia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital, Latvian Center of Infectology, between January 2014 and February 2017.
Methodology: We conducted the study reporting demographics, epidemiological (age, sex, clinical aspects, paraclinical results (cryptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, urine, cryptococcal DNA, HIV RNA and lymphocyte T CD4+ count), treatment and outcome aspects. We analyze 69 patients (71% men, 29% women) with HIV infection and cryptococcosis.
Results: 69 cases of cryptococcosis were confirmed for 699 HIV infected hospitalized patients tested, giving a prevalence of 9.9%. 38% (n=26/69) of patients were with clinical signs of infection with the central nervous system involvement, 19% (13/69) patients had pulmonary involvement.
Other 43% (n=30/69) of patients had disseminated non-CNS disease (elevated serum cryptococcal Ag or DNA). Most patients had advanced HIV disease (Median lymphocyte T CD4+ count=48, 5 cells/uL, (1-1041), the average was 112, 9 cells/ uL (SD 184.98). 87% (n=59/68) of patients had lymphocyte T CD4+cell count < 200 cells/μL Only 25% (n=14) of the patients known to have HIV infection (n=56/69) were receiving antiretroviral therapy at the time of presentation. Overall mortality rate was 59% (n=41/69).
Conclusion: Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was 9.9%, indicating that the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among HIV patients in Latvia may be high enough to consider targeted screening.HIV positive patients have high mortality (35%) following cryptococcal infection which persists beyond their initial hospitalization. Follow-up studies of late mortality would be beneficial.
Risk of Serious Infection Among Initiators of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Plus Methotrexate Versus Triple Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kang Eun Ha , Jin Yinzhu , Tong Angela Y. , Desai Rishi J. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of serious infections between the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) plus methotrexate (MTX) versus triple therapy among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a real‐world setting.MethodsUsing claims data from Truven MarketScan (2003–2014), we conducted a cohort study to compare RA patients receiving MTX who added a TNFi (TNFi plus MTX group) versus MTX plus hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine (triple therapy group). The primary outcome was any serious infection (i.e., a composite end point of hospitalized bacterial and opportunistic infections or herpes zoster). Secondary outcomes were individual components of the composite end point. To adjust for baseline confounding, we used propensity score (PS)–based fine stratification and weighting. A weighted Cox proportional hazards model estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the outcomes.ResultsAfter PS stratification (PSS) and weighting, we included a total of 45,208 TNFi plus MTX initiators and 1,387 triple therapy initiators. Mean age was 53 years and 70% were female. The incidence rate of any serious infection per 100 person‐years was 2.46 in the TNFi plus MTX group and 2.03 in the triple therapy group. The PSS‐weighted HR for any serious infection comparing TNFi plus MTX versus triple therapy was 1.23 (95% CI 0.87–1.74). For the secondary outcomes, the PSS‐weighted HR was 1.41 (95% CI 0.85–2.34) for bacterial infection and 0.80 (95% CI 0.55–1.18) for herpes zoster.ConclusionIn this real‐world cohort of RA patients, we noted no substantially different risk of any serious infection, bacterial infection, or herpes zoster after initiating TNFi plus MTX versus triple therapy, although CIs were wide.
Entirely, Intrinsically, and Autonomously Self‐Healable, Highly Transparent, and Superstretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Personal Power Sources and Self‐Powered Electronic Skins
Authors: Lai Ying‐Chih , Wu Hsing‐Mei , Lin Heng‐Chuan , Chang Chih‐Li , Chou Ho‐Hsiu , Hsiao Yung‐Chi , Wu Yan‐Cheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPower and electronic components that are self‐healable, deformable, transparent, and self‐powered are highly desirable for next‐generation energy/electronic/robotic applications. Here, an energy‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that combines the above features is demonstrated, which can serve not only as a power source but also as self‐powered electronic skin. This is the first time that both of the triboelectric‐charged layer and electrode of the TENG are intrinsically and autonomously self‐healable at ambient conditions. Additionally, comparing with previous partially healable TENGs, its fast healing time (30 min, 100% efficiency at 900% strain), high transparency (88.6%), and inherent superstretchability (>900%) are much more favorable. It consists of a metal‐coordinated polymer as the triboelectrically charged layer and hydrogen‐bonded ionic gel as the electrode. Even after 500 cutting‐and‐healing cycles or under extreme 900%‐strain, the TENG retains its functionality. The generated electricity can be used directly or stored to power commercial electronics. The TENG is further used as self‐powered tactile‐sensing skin in diverse human–machine interfaces including smart glass, an epidermal controller, and phone panel. This TENG with merits including fast ambient‐condition self‐healing, high transparency, intrinsic stretchability, and energy‐extraction and actively‐sensing abilities, can meet wide application needs ranging from deformable/portable/transparent electronics, smart interfaces, to artificial skins.
Fast Lasing Wavelength Tuning in Single Nanowires
Authors: Xu Peizhen , Gong Jue , Guo Xin , Xin Chenguang , Wu Hao , Qing Peng , Lin Xing , Fang Wei , Di Dawei , Tong Limin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanowire lasers hold great potential as nanoscale coherent light sources. The rapid wavelength tuning of such light sources is one of the most important parameters for practical applications. Although significant efforts have been made in the past decades, the fast and reversible lasing wavelength tuning in nanowires or structures alike remains a challenge. Here, by incorporating temperature‐dependent Varshni shift of the bandgap with ultralow thermal inertia of a free‐standing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire, a fast lasing wavelength tuning in single nanowires with excellent reversibility is demonstrated. Above room temperature, a Varshni shift rate (≈0.16 nm K−1) twice larger than that at low temperature (≈ 0.085 nm K−1) is observed, and the nanowire lasing peak is tuned from 514 to 549 nm with step down to 0.075 nm K−1. Using a beam of CO2 laser pulses to instantaneously modulate the temperature of a free‐standing lasing nanowire, a reversible wavelength tuning at a rate of ≈48 000 nm s−1, which is about three orders of magnitude faster than that reported previously is achieved. The results herein suggest a very promising route to fast wavelength tuning in lasing nanowires or other nanostructures, which may lead to fast tunable nanolasers for a variety of nanophotonic applications.
Pupil Prose Appraisal: Four Practical Solutions to Medical Student Documentation and Feedback in the Emergency Department
Authors: Olaf Mark F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDocumentation is part of a critical foundation of skills in the undergraduate medical education curriculum. New compliance rules from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will impact student documentation practices. Common barriers to student documentation include limited access to the electronic medical record, variable clerkship documentation expectations, variable advice regarding utilizing the electronic medical record, and limited time for feedback delivery. Potential solutions to these barriers are suggested to foster documentation skill development. Recommendations are also given to mitigate compliance and legal risk.
Comparison of apixaban to rivaroxaban and enoxaparin in acute cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Houghton Damon E. , Casanegra Ana I. , Vlazny Danielle T. , Bott‐Kitslaar Dalene M. , Froehling David A. , Hodge David O. , Peterson Lisa G. , Mcbane Robert D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo provide direct comparison between apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients with acute cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism (Ca‐VTE), consecutive patients treated with apixaban, rivaroxaban, or enoxaparin at Mayo Thrombophilia Clinic (March 1, 2013 to January 31, 2018)) were followed prospectively. The primary effectiveness outcome was venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, and the secondary was mortality. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding, the secondary clinically relevant safety outcome was non‐major bleeding (CRNMB), and the third a composite of major and CRNMB. There were 750 patients treated for acute Ca‐VTE with apixaban (n = 224), rivaroxaban (n = 163), and enoxaparin (n = 363) within 14 days of diagnosis and for at least 3 months, or until study event. Recurrent VTE was diagnosed in 11 receiving apixaban, 7 receiving rivaroxaban (apixaban vs rivaroxaban hazard ratio (HR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.51‐3.36) and 17 in the enoxaparin receiving group (apixaban vs enoxaparin HR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.54, 2.42 and rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin HR 0.85, 95% Cl: 0.36, 2.06). There were 82 deaths in apixaban, 74 rivaroxaban (apixaban vs rivaroxaban HR 1.67, 95% Cl: 1.20, 2.33) and 171 in enoxaparin group (rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin HR 0.73, 95% Cl: 0.56, 0.96). Major bleeding occurred in 11 apixaban, 12 rivaroxaban (apixaban vs rivaroxaban HR 0.73, 95% Cl: 0.32, 1.66) and 21 enoxaparin group (apixaban vs enoxaparin HR 0.89, 95% Cl: 0.43, 1.84 and rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin HR 1.23, 95% Cl: 0.61, 2.50). The CRNMB rate was higher in rivaroxaban compared to apixaban (P = .03) and LMWH (P = .01) groups. Recurrence of VTE and major bleeding were similar in apixaban, rivaroxaban, and enoxaparin groups. Rivaroxaban was associated with higher CRNMB but lower mortality compared to apixaban and enoxaparin.
Birch‐Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer
Authors: Chatterjee Anamitra , König Burkhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe direct reduction of arenes and heteroarenes by visible‐light irradiation remains challenging, as the energy of a single photon is not sufficient for breaking aromatic stabilization. Shown herein is that the energy accumulation of two visible‐light photons allows the dearomatization of arenes and heteroarenes. Mechanistic investigations confirm that the combination of energy‐transfer and electron‐transfer processes generates an arene radical anion, which is subsequently trapped by hydrogen‐atom transfer and finally protonated to form the dearomatized product. The photoreduction converts planar aromatic feedstock compounds into molecular skeletons that are of use in organic synthesis.
A One‐Dimensional π–d Conjugated Coordination Polymer for Sodium Storage with Catalytic Activity in Negishi Coupling
Authors: Chen Yuan , Tang Mi , Wu Yanchao , Su Xiaozhi , Li Xiang , Xu Shuaifei , Zhuo Shuming , Ma Jing , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Chengliang , Hu Wenping 
Published: August 2019

Abstractπ‐d Conjugated coordination polymers (CCPs) have attracted much attention for various applications, although the chemical states and structures of many CCPs are still blurry. Now, a one‐dimensional (1D) π‐d conjugated coordination polymer for high performance sodium‐ion batteries is presented. The chemical states of the obtained coordination polymer are clearly revealed. The electrochemical process undergoes a three‐electron reaction and the structure transforms from C=N double bonds and NiIIto C−N single bonds and NiI, respectively. Our unintentional experiments provided visual confirmation of NiI. The existence of NiIwas further corroborated by its X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and its catalytic activity in Negishi cross‐coupling.
Flame‐retardant effects of cyclic phosphonate with HALS and fumed silica in polypropylene
Authors: Üreyen Mustafa E. , Kaynak Elif , Yüksel Gamze 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, an N‐alkoxy‐hindered amine‐based UV stabilizing agent (NOR‐116) and nanosized silica particles (Aerosil R‐972) were combined with a cyclic phosphonate based‐flame retardant (FR; PCO‐900) and incorporated into polypropylene via melt extrusion in a microcompounder. In order to stimulate the conditions in the favor of further processing such as fiber spinning, the content of additives in polypropylene was kept low (up to 6.5 wt %). The effects of the PCO‐900, alone and in combination with NOR‐116 and Aerosil‐R972, on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene were evaluated by limit oxygen index (LOI) tests, cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The proposed system with 3.5 wt % PCO‐900/1.5 wt % NOR‐116/1 wt % Aerosil‐R972 decreased the heat release, increased the LOI and thermo‐oxidative stability, and, thus, improved the fire resistance of polypropylene. The possible mode of FR activity was also discussed based on the analysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48308.
Synthesis of DNA‐Encoded Disulfide‐ and Thioether‐Cyclized Peptides
Authors: Pham Manh V. , Bergeron‐Brlek Milan , Heinis Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDNA‐encoded chemical library technologies enable the screening of large combinatorial libraries of chemically and structurally diverse molecules, including short cyclic peptides. A challenge in the combinatorial synthesis of cyclic peptides is the final step, the cyclization of linear peptides that typically suffers from incomplete reactions and large variability between substrates. Several efficient peptide cyclization strategies rely on the modification of thiol groups, such as the formation of disulfide or thioether bonds between cysteines. In this work, we established a strategy and reaction conditions for the efficient chemical synthesis of cyclic peptide–DNA conjugates based on linking the side chains of cysteines. We tested two different thiol‐protecting groups and found that tert‐butylthio (S‐tBu) works best for incorporating a pair of cysteines, and we show that the DNA‐linked peptides can be efficiently cyclized through disulfide and thioether bond formation. In combination with established procedures for DNA encoding, the strategy for incorporation of cysteines may be readily applied for the generation and screening of disulfide‐ and thioether‐cyclized peptide libraries.
Separation and identification of antioxidant peptides from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) prolamins enzymatic hydrolysate
Authors: Ji Zhongwei , Feng Ruixue , Mao Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesProlamins are the primary component of millet protein, constituting over 50% (w/w) of the total protein. This study aimed to prepare and identify bioactive peptides from millet prolamins (MP).FindingsUltrasonic and heat treatment could change the secondary structure conformation of the protein and invert part of the α‐helices into β‐sheets or β‐turns. After these treatments, the degree of hydrolysis increased. The alcalase‐hydrolyzed fraction with molecular weight <1 kDa exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The bioactive peptides were separated and purified by gel‐filtration chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Two novel peptides with molecular weights of 522.3 and 785.5 Da were identified as Pro‐Phe‐Leu‐Phe (PFLF) and Ile‐Ala‐Leu‐Leu‐Ile‐Pro‐Phe (IALLIPF), respectively. Both peptides showed high antioxidant activity, especially PFLF, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability (RSA) of which was 149 μM TE/g protein, and the Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value reached 1,180 μM TE/g protein.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that ultrasonic and heat treatment could enhance hydrolysis of MP by protease and antioxidant peptides with high DPPH RSA as well as ORAC value were purified and obtained.Significance and noveltyUltrasonic and heat treatment increased degree of MP hydrolysis. Two antioxidant peptides were successfully obtained from millet prolamins.