bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDEL variation in the regulatory region of the major flowering time gene LanFTc1 is associated with vernalization response and flowering time in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Authors: Taylor Candy M. , Kamphuis Lars G. , Zhang Weilu , Garg Gagan , Berger Jens D. , Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh Mahsa , Bayer Philipp E. , Edwards David , Singh Karam B. , Cowling Wallace A. , Nelson Matthew N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNarrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivation was transformed by 2 dominant vernalization‐insensitive, early flowering time loci known as Ku and Julius (Jul), which allowed expansion into shorter season environments. However, reliance on these loci has limited genetic and phenotypic diversity for environmental adaptation in cultivated lupin. We recently predicted that a 1,423‐bp deletion in the cis‐regulatory region of LanFTc1, a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologue, derepressed expression of LanFTc1 and was the underlying cause of the Ku phenotype. Here, we surveyed diverse germplasm for LanFTc1 cis‐regulatory variation and identified 2 further deletions of 1,208 and 5,162 bp in the 5' regulatory region, which overlap the 1,423‐bp deletion. Additionally, we confirmed that no other polymorphisms were perfectly associated with vernalization responsiveness. Phenotyping and gene expression analyses revealed that Jul accessions possessed the 5,162‐bp deletion and that the Jul and Ku deletions were equally capable of removing vernalization requirement and up‐regulating gene expression. The 1,208‐bp deletion was associated with intermediate phenology, vernalization responsiveness, and gene expression and therefore may be useful for expanding agronomic adaptation of lupin. This insertion/deletion series may also help resolve how the vernalization response is mediated at the molecular level in legumes.
A FIT‐binding protein is involved in modulating iron and zinc homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Chun‐Lin , Cui Yan , Cui Man , Zhou Wen‐Juan , Wu Hui‐Lan , Ling Hong‐Qing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFe and Zn are essential micronutrients for plant growth, and the interrelationship regarding their homeostasis is very complicated. In this study, we identified a FIT‐binding protein (FBP) using the yeast two‐hybrid system. The C‐terminus of FBP binds to the bHLH domain of FIT, abolishing the DNA‐binding capacity of FIT. Knockout of FBP results in an enhanced expression of NAS genes and a higher nicotianamine content, and the fbp mutant exhibits tolerance to excessive Zn. Physiological analyses reveal that the mutant fbp retains a larger amount of Zn in roots and transfers a greater proportion of Fe to shoots than that in wild type under Zn‐excessive stress. As FBP is expressed in the root stele, the negative regulation caused by sequestration of FIT is restricted to this tissue, whereas other FIT‐regulated genes, such as IRT1 and FRO2, which mainly expressed in root epidermis, do not show transcriptional upregulation in the fbp mutant. As an antagonistic partner, FBP offers a new approach to spatially fine‐tune the expression of genes controlled by FIT. In conclusion, our findings provide a new insight to understand the interrelationship of Fe and Zn homeostasis in plants.
Correlates of Narrow Bracketing
Authors: Koch Alexander K. , Nafziger Julia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBehavior often deviates from standard predictions because individuals evaluate the consequences of choices separately (i.e., narrow bracketing) rather than jointly. The main existing theories classify different narrow bracketing phenomena as either (i) choice errors caused by cognitive limitations, or (ii) strategies to achieve self‐control. Using an online experiment, we find consistent evidence for theory (ii): mental budgets and narrow goals are related to each other and to measures of self‐control, but are distinct from other forms of narrow bracketing. Evidence for the complementary theory (i) is less consistent: few choice bracketing phenomena are related to each other and to cognitive skills.
Becoming prosocial peers: The roles of temperamental shyness and mothers’ and fathers’ elaborative emotion language
Authors: Grady Jessica Stoltzfus , Hastings Paul D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing a sample of 99 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds (51 girls, 48 boys), we evaluated whether parent‐reported temperamental shyness was associated with prosocial behaviors with same‐aged peers, and considered parenting (use of elaborative emotion language) and parent and child gender as possible moderators of relations between shyness and prosocial behaviors. Active and passive forms of prosocial behavior were evaluated when children were with familiar and unfamiliar peers. There were no direct associations between shyness and peer prosocial behaviors. Fathers’ emotion elaboration predicted more active prosocial behavior with familiar peers. There were significant moderating effects of parental emotion language, and parent and child gender, on relations between shyness and prosocial behavior. When mothers used more emotion elaboration, less shy children showed more active prosocial behavior toward unfamiliar peers and less passive prosocial behavior with familiar peers. Conversely, when fathers used more emotion elaboration, more shy boys engaged in more active prosocial behaviors with unfamiliar peers. These findings suggest that multiple social and contextual factors influence whether shy children become proactive helpers and sharers. Shy boys may particularly benefit from emotion elaboration from fathers whereas less shy children may be most prepared to benefit from mothers’ emotion language.
Resolving the psyllid tree of life: phylogenomic analyses of the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera)
Authors: Percy Diana M. , Crampton‐Platt Alex , Sveinsson Saemundur , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Ouvrard David , Burckhardt Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding evolutionary relationships in the superfamily Psylloidea is challenging due to the lack of clear morphological synapomorphies for many groups. Some families and many of the genera, including the two largest, Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson and Trioza Foerster, have long been acknowledged as nonmonophyletic and the circumscription of natural groups has remained fluid. We present the best phylogenetic hypothesis to date for Psylloidea and provide a working systematic framework to better reflect evolutionary relationships. A shotgun sequencing approach using mixed pool DNAs for more than 400 species resulted in recovery from de novo assemblies of near‐complete mitogenomes (≥10 kb) for 359 species, and partial genomes (5–10 kb) for an additional 40 species. The resulting phylogeny improves and clarifies the family classification and resolves some of the longstanding uncertainties in relationships within and between genera. A whole‐nuclear‐genome scan approach (yielding data from an estimated 373 nuclear genes) using the anchored hybrid enrichment method for a representative subset of taxa confirms the placement of major groupings and overall tree topology recovered with the mitochondrial data. The data generated represent a major increase in molecular resources for this superfamily. In addition, we highlight areas of remaining uncertainty that require further sampling and/or additional sources of data. The phylogeny provides new insights for both evolutionary and applied research, and a backbone constraint tree allows the placement of taxa of particular interest or concern (e.g. pest taxa) with only small fragments of sequence available (e.g. DNA barcodes).
From conventional to unconventional monetary policies: The failure of the market‐maker of last resort
Authors: Giménez Roche Gabriel A. , Janson Nathalie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the new role of market‐maker of last resort openly assumed by central banks since the 2008 financial crisis revealed the increasing impact of noninterest‐income activities on banks' balance sheets. A brief review of the distinction between conventional and unconventional monetary policies shows that the inflexion point from lender of last resort to market‐maker of last resort is given by the extension of central bank intervention to other markets than the bank reserves markets. Herein, it is explained how the market‐maker of last resort role is as counterproductive as its predecessor in putting the economy back on track. We show that the main problem of both conventional and unconventional monetary policies is that they distort price signals, particularly asset prices, in their attempt to reignite economic growth. Instead of correcting cyclical fluctuations, the policies of the market‐maker of last resort prevent the cyclical divergences between financial and goods sectors from readjusting.
Afferent neural feedback overrides the modulating effects of arousal, hypercapnia and hypoxaemia on neonatal cardiorespiratory control
Authors: Lumb Kathleen J. , Schneider Jennifer M. , Ibrahim Thowfique , Rigaux Anita , Hasan Shabih U. 
Published: April 2018

Key points
Evidence obtained at whole animal, organ‐system, and cellular and molecular levels suggests that afferent volume feedback is critical for the establishment of adequate ventilation at birth.
As a result of the irreversible nature of the vagal ablation studies performed to date, it was difficult to quantify the roles of afferent volume input, arousal and changes in blood gas tensions on neonatal respiratory control.
During reversible perineural vagal block, profound apnoeas and hypoxaemia and hypercarbia were observed, necessitating the termination of perineural blockade.
Respiratory depression and apnoeas were independent of sleep state. We demonstrate that profound apnoeas and life‐threatening respiratory failure in vagally denervated animals do not result from a lack of arousal or hypoxaemia.
A change in sleep state and concomitant respiratory depression result from a lack of afferent volume feedback, which appears to be critical for the maintenance of normal breathing patterns and adequate gas exchange during the early postnatal period.
AbstractAfferent volume feedback plays a vital role in neonatal respiratory control. Mechanisms for the profound respiratory depression and life‐threatening apnoeas observed in vagally denervated neonatal animals remain unclear. We investigated the roles of sleep states, hypoxic‐hypercapnia and afferent volume feedback on respiratory depression using reversible perineural vagal block during the early postnatal period. Seven lambs were instrumented during the first 48 h of life to record/analyse sleep states, diaphragmatic electromyograph, arterial blood gas tensions, systemic arterial blood pressure and rectal temperature. Perineural cuffs were placed around the vagi to attain reversible blockade. Postoperatively, during the awake state, both vagi were blocked using 2% xylocaine for up to 30 min. Compared to baseline values, pHa, and decreased and increased during perineural blockade (P < 0.05). Four of seven animals exhibited apnoeas of ≥20 s requiring the immediate termination of perineural blockade. Breathing rates decreased from the baseline value of 53 ± 12 to 24 ± 20 breaths min–1 during blockade despite an increased (P < 0.001). Following blockade, breathing patterns returned to baseline values despite marked hypocapnia ( 33 ± 3 torr; P = 0.03). Respiratory depression and apnoeas were independent of sleep states. The present study provides the much needed physiological evidence indicating that profound apnoeas and life‐threatening respiratory failure in vagally denervated animals do not result from a lack of arousal or hypoxaemia. Rather, a change in sleep state and concomitant respiratory depression result from a lack of afferent volume feedback, which appears to be critical for the maintenance of normal breathing patterns and adequate gas exchange during the early postnatal period.
A Repeating Sulfated Galactan Motif Resuscitates Dormant Micrococcus luteus Bacteria
Authors: Böttcher Thomas , Szamosvári Dávid , Clardy Jon 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Only a small fraction of bacteria can autonomously initiate growth on agar plates. Nongrowing bacteria typically enter a metabolically inactive dormant state and require specific chemical trigger factors or signals to exit this state and to resume growth.
Micrococcus luteus
has become a model organism for this important yet poorly understood phenomenon. Only a few resuscitation signals have been described to date, and all of them are produced endogenously by bacterial species. We report the discovery of a novel type of resuscitation signal that allows
M. luteus
to grow on agar but not agarose plates. Fractionation of the agar polysaccharide complex and sulfation of agarose allowed us to identify the signal as highly sulfated saccharides found in agar or carrageenans. Purification of hydrolyzed κ-carrageenan ultimately led to the identification of the signal as a small fragment of a large linear polysaccharide, i.e., an oligosaccharide of five or more sugars with a repeating disaccharide motif containing
d
-galactose-4-sulfate (G4S) 1,4-linked to 3,6-anhydro-α-
d
-galactose (DA), G4S-(DA-G4S)

n
≥2

.

IMPORTANCE
Most environmental bacteria cannot initiate growth on agar plates, but they can flourish on the same plates once growth is initiated. While there are a number of names for and manifestations of this phenomenon, the underlying cause appears to be the requirement for a molecular signal indicating safe growing conditions.
Micrococcus luteus
has become a model organism for studying this growth initiation process, often called resuscitation, because of its apparent connection with the persistent or dormant form of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, an important human pathogen. In this report, we identify a highly sulfated saccharide from agar or carrageenans that robustly resuscitates dormant
M. luteus
on agarose plates. We identified and characterized the signal as a small repeating disaccharide motif. Our results indicate that signals inherent in or absent from the polysaccharide composition of solid growth media can have major effects on bacterial growth.
Forecasted impacts of a sofosbuvir-based national hepatitis C treatment programme on Egypt’s hepatocellular cancer epidemic: simulation of alternatives
Authors: Ma Wenkang , Soliman Amr S , Anwar Wagida A , Hablas Ahmed , El Din Tamer B , Ramadan Mohamed , Seifeldin Ibrahim A , Wilson Mark L 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundEgypt is experiencing a hepatocellular cancer (HCC) epidemic due to widespread hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. The use of sofosbuvir-related therapies producing improved treatment success has permitted an updated, nationwide, HCV treatment programme with expanded coverage. This study simulated the multidecade impacts of the new treatment programme on hepatitis and HCC.MethodsA Markov model of HCV infection and treatment analysed the HCV-related HCC epidemic between 2009 and 2050, using parameters based on peer-reviewed studies and expert opinion. Comparing the ‘new’ and ‘old’ scenarios, and with the old treatment programme being replaced or not by the new programme in 2015, the annual number, prevalence and incidence of HCC were simulated for representative Egypt populations including HCV-infected patients aged 15–59 years in 2008, healthy people aged 5–59 years in 2008 and 5-year-old children cohorts entering the population each year beginning in 2009. Averted HCC cases were calculated, and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsCompared with the old scenario, the estimated number, prevalence and incidence of future HCC cases in the new scenario would peak earlier and at lower levels in 2025 (~29 000), 2023 (~28/100 000) and 2022 (~14/100 000), respectively. The new treatment programme is estimated to avert ~956 000 HCC cases between 2015 and 2050.DiscussionBy reducing cancer cases and shortening the peak epidemic period, the new programme should substantially diminish the HCC epidemic across Egypt. Our timeline forecast for Egypt’s HCC epidemic, and evaluation of various disease and programme components, should be useful to other countries that are developing policies to address HCV-related liver cancer prevention.
Involving the public in epidemiological public health research: a qualitative study of public and stakeholder involvement in evaluation of a population-wide natural policy experiment
Authors: Anderson de Cuevas Rachel , Nylén Lotta , Burström Bo , Whitehead Margaret 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPublic involvement in research is considered good practice by European funders; however, evidence of its research impact is sparse, particularly in relation to large-scale epidemiological research.ObjectivesTo explore what difference public and stakeholder involvement made to the interpretation of findings from an evaluation of a natural policy experiment to influence the wider social determinants of health: ‘Flexicurity’.SettingStockholm County, Sweden.ParticipantsMembers of the public from different occupational groups represented by blue-collar and white-collar trade union representatives. Also, members of three stakeholder groups: the Swedish national employment agency; an employers’ association and politicians sitting on a national labour market committee. Total: 17 participants.MethodsQualitative study of process and outcomes of public and stakeholder participation in four focused workshops on the interpretation of initial findings from the flexicurity evaluation.Outcome measuresNew insights from participants benefiting the interpretation of our research findings or conceptualisation of future research.ResultsParticipants sensed more drastic and nuanced change in the Swedish welfare system over recent decades than was evident from our literature reviews and policy analysis. They also elaborated hidden developments in the Swedish labour market that were increasingly leading to ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’, with differing experiences and consequences for financial and job security. Their explanation of the differential effects of the various collective agreements for different occupational groups was new and raised further potential research questions. Their first-hand experience provided new insights into how changes to the social protection system were contributing to the increasing trends in poverty among unemployed people with limiting long-standing illness. The politicians provided further reasoning behind some of the policy changes and their intended and unintended consequences. These insights fed into subsequent reporting of the flexicurity evaluation results, as well as the conceptualisation of new research that could be pursued in a future programme.
Incidence of superficial venous thrombosis in primary care and risk of subsequent venous thromboembolic sequelae: a retrospective cohort study performed with routine healthcare data from the Netherlands
Authors: Geersing Geert-Jan , Cazemier Selma , Rutten Frans , Fitzmaurice David A , Hoes Arno W 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesRecent studies in referred populations of patients with superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) report risks of venous thromboembolic (VTE) sequelae (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) as high as 25%. Likely, these estimates are lower in non-referred patients, but large-scale population-based studies are lacking. We aimed to estimate the incidence rate of SVT in primary care and quantify its risk of VTE sequelae.DesignA retrospective cohort study, using International Classification of Primary Care coding (K94.02) combined with free text searching (synonyms for SVT) to capture all SVT events. All patients were followed up for 3 months using manual free text searching.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsAll patients enlisted with general practitioners within the Utrecht General Practitioner Network between 2010 and 2016 (1 534 845 person-years follow-up).Main outcome measuresThe incidence rate of SVT was expressed as the number of SVT events per 1000 person-years of follow-up and the 3-month cumulative incidence of VTE events was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare patients with SVT with and without VTE sequelae.ResultsA total of 2008 SVT cases were identified, that is, an SVT incidence rate of 1.31 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.37) per 1000 person-years follow-up, with higher rates notably with increasing age. VTE sequelae occurred in 83 patients; 51 at the time of SVT diagnosis and 32 patients during follow-up (total cumulative incidence of 4.1%; 95% CI 3.3% to 5.1%), and were more frequent in those with an active malignancy (OR 2.19; 95% 0.97 to 4.95) and less frequent in those with varicose veins at baseline (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.94).ConclusionWe found an incidence rate of SVT in primary care of 1.31 per 1000 person-years. The risks of VTE sequelae was relatively low at 4.1%, with the highest risk in patients with cancer and in those who experience an SVT in the absence of varicose veins.
Fostering active living and healthy eating through understanding physical activity and dietary behaviours of Arabic-speaking adults: a cross-sectional study from the Middle East
Authors: Donnelly Tam Truong , Fung Tak Shing , Al-Thani Al-Anoud bint Mohammad 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesPhysical inactivity and unhealthy diets increase the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Many people in Qatar are sedentary and consume diets high in fats, salt and sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine physical activity levels, food habits and understand the variables that might predict physical activity and healthy eating behaviours among Arabic-speaking adults living in the State of Qatar.SettingA cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted with 1606 Arab adults ≥18 years of age from March 2013 to June 2015. Using a non-probability sampling technique, participants were recruited from three universities and five primary healthcare centres in Qatar. Participants were interviewed using a structured survey questionnaire. The survey included questions regarding demography, clinical characteristics and the participant’s daily dietary practice. Physical activity level was assessed by the Arabic version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.22.0.ResultsOf 1606 participants, 50.1% were men and 49.9% were women. The participants’ mean (SD) body mass index was 28.03 (5.85) Kg/m2. Two-thirds of the participants were either overweight (36.4%) or obese (33.6%). Within the 7 days prior to completing the questionnaire, 64% and 39.9% of study participants did not engage in vigorous or moderate physical activity, respectively. Within the 7 days prior to completing the questionnaire, the mean (SD) time for vigorous physical activity was 31.12 (59.28) min, 46.87 (63.01) min for moderate physical activity, and 42.01 (47.04) min for walking. One-third of the participants consumed fresh fruits and vegetables once or more daily, and fish, beef or chicken 2–4 times weekly. One quarter of the participants ate pasta, cakes or pastries 2–4 times weekly, and 40.6% of them ate white bread daily.ConclusionsParticipants exhibited insufficient physical activity and poor dietary habits. There is a need for a nationwide health promotion programme to promote a healthier lifestyle. The information from this study can inform public health policies, programmes and services in Qatar and other Middle Eastern countries.