bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
War landform mapping and classification on the Verdun battlefield (France) using airborne LiDAR and multivariate analysis
Authors: de Matos‐Machado Rémi , Toumazet Jean‐Pierre , Bergès Jean‐Claude , Amat Jean‐Paul , Arnaud‐Fassetta Gilles , Bétard François , Bilodeau Clélia , Hupy Joseph P. , Jacquemot Stéphanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractActing as efficient earth‐movers, soldiers can be viewed as significant geomorphological drivers of landscape change when replaced in the recent debates on Anthropocene Geomorphology. ‘Polemoforms’, generated by military activities, correspond with a set of human‐made landforms of various sizes and geometries. They are particularly common on the World War One battlefield of Verdun (France) which ranks among the largest battles of attrition along the Western Front. The artillery bombardments and building of defensive positions in that battle significantly altered the landscape, resulting in thousands of shell craters, dugouts, and gun positions that have altered both the meso and microtopography. This paper proposes an innovative methodology to make an exhaustive inventory of these small‐scale conflict‐induced landforms (excluding linear features such as trenches) using a digital terrain model (DTM) acquired by airborne LiDAR on the whole battlefield. Morphometric analysis was conducted using Kohonen's self‐organizing maps (SOMs) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) in order to quantify and classify the high number of war landforms. This combined approach allowed for mapping more than one million landforms which can be classified into eight different shapes including shell craters and various soldier‐made landforms (i.e. shelters, gun positions, etc.). Detection quality evaluation using field observations revealed the algorithm successfully classified 93% of shell craters and 74% of anthropologically constructed landforms. Finally, the iconographic database and map series produced will help archaeologists and foresters to better manage the historic site of Verdun, today covered by a large forest of ~10 000 ha. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The PTN‐PTPRZ signal activates the AFAP1L2‐dependent PI3K‐AKT pathway for oligodendrocyte differentiation: Targeted inactivation of PTPRZ activity in mice
Authors: Tanga Naomi , Kuboyama Kazuya , Kishimoto Ayako , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Shiraishi Aki , Suzuki Ryoko , Watanabe Toshio , Fujikawa Akihiro , Noda Masaharu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) maintains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in an undifferentiated state. The inhibition of PTPase by its ligand pleiotrophin (PTN) promotes OPC differentiation; however, the substrate molecules of PTPRZ involved in the differentiation have not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein demonstrated that the tyrosine phosphorylation of AFAP1L2, paxillin, ERBB4, GIT1, p190RhoGAP, and NYAP2 was enhanced in OPC‐like OL1 cells by a treatment with PTN. AFAP1L2, an adaptor protein involved in the PI3K‐AKT pathway, exhibited the strongest response to PTN. PTPRZ dephosphorylated AFAP1L2 at tyrosine residues in vitro and in HEK293T cells. In OL1 cells, the knockdown of AFAP1L2 or application of a PI3K inhibitor suppressed cell differentiation as well as the PTN‐induced phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. We generated a knock‐in mouse harboring a catalytically inactive Cys to Ser (CS) mutation in the PTPase domain. The phosphorylation levels of AFAP1L2, AKT, and mTOR were higher, and the expression of oligodendrocyte markers, including myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), was stronger in CS knock‐in brains than in wild‐type brains on postnatal day 10; however, these differences mostly disappeared in the adult stage. Adult CS knock‐in mice exhibited earlier remyelination after cuprizone‐induced demyelination through the accelerated differentiation of OPCs. These phenotypes in CS knock‐in mice were similar to those in Ptprz‐deficient mice. Therefore, we conclude that the PTN‐PTPRZ signal stimulates OPC differentiation partly by enhancing the tyrosine phosphorylation of AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K‐AKT pathway.
In vivo Ca2+ imaging of astrocytic microdomains reveals a critical role of the amyloid precursor protein for mitochondria
Authors: Montagna Elena , Crux Sophie , Luckner Manja , Herber Julia , Colombo Alessio V. , Marinković Petar , Tahirovic Sabina , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Wanner Gerhard , Müller Ulrike C. , Sgobio Carmelo , Herms Jochen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe investigation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been mainly confined to its neuronal functions, whereas very little is known about its physiological role in astrocytes. Astrocytes exhibit a particular morphology with slender extensions protruding from somata and primary branches. Along these fine extensions, spontaneous calcium transients occur in spatially restricted microdomains. Within these microdomains mitochondria are responsible for local energy supply and Ca2+ buffering. Using two‐photon in vivo Ca2+ imaging, we report a significant decrease in the density of active microdomains, frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and slower Ca2+ kinetics in mice lacking APP. Mechanistically, these changes could be potentially linked to mitochondrial malfunction as our in vivo and in vitro data revealed severe, APP‐dependent structural mitochondrial fragmentation in astrocytes. Functionally, such mitochondria exhibited prolonged kinetics and morphology dependent signal size of ATP‐induced Ca2+ transients. Our results highlight a prominent role of APP in the modulation of Ca2+ activity in astrocytic microdomains whose precise functioning is crucial for the reinforcement and modulation of synaptic function. This study provides novel insights in APP physiological functions which are important for the understanding of the effects of drugs validated in Alzheimer's disease treatment that affect the function of APP.
Cortical and structural‐connectivity damage correlated with impaired syntactic processing in aphasia
Authors: den Ouden Dirk‐Bart , Malyutina Svetlana , Basilakos Alexandra , Bonilha Leonardo , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Yourganov Grigori , Hillis Argye E. , Hickok Gregory , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAgrammatism in aphasia is not a homogeneous syndrome, but a characterization of a nonuniform set of language behaviors in which grammatical markers and complex syntactic structures are omitted, simplified, or misinterpreted. In a sample of 71 left‐hemisphere stroke survivors, syntactic processing was quantified with the Northwestern Assessment of Verbs and Sentences (NAVS). Classification analyses were used to assess the relation between NAVS performance and morphosyntactically reduced speech in picture descriptions. Voxel‐based and connectivity‐based lesion‐symptom mapping were applied to investigate neural correlates of impaired syntactic processing. Despite a nonrandom correspondence between NAVS performance and morphosyntactic production deficits, there was variation in individual patterns of syntactic processing. Morphosyntactically reduced production was predicted by lesions to left‐hemisphere inferior frontal cortex. Impaired verb argument structure production was predicted by damage to left‐hemisphere posterior superior temporal and angular gyrus, as well as to a ventral pathway between temporal and frontal cortex. Damage to this pathway was also predictive of impaired sentence comprehension and production, particularly of noncanonical sentences. Although agrammatic speech production is primarily predicted by lesions to inferior frontal cortex, other aspects of syntactic processing rely rather on regional integrity in temporoparietal cortex and the ventral stream.
The role of arsenic in obesity and diabetes
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed , Azimi‐Nezhad Mohsen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs many individuals worlwide are exposed to arsenic, it is necessary to unravel the role of arsenic in the risk of obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the present study reviewed the effects of arsenic exposure on the risk and potential etiologic mechanisms of obesity and diabetes. It has been suggested that inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of arsenic‐induced diabetes and obesity. Though arsenic is known to cause diabetes through different mechanisms, the role of adipose tissue in diabetes is still unclear. This review exhibited the effects of arsenic on the metabolism and signaling pathways within adipose tissue (such as sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]‐ forkhead box O3 [FOXO3a], mitogen‐activated protein kinase [MAPK], phosphoinositide‐dependant kinase‐1 [PDK‐1], unfolded protein response, and C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP10]). Different types of adipokines involved in arsenic‐induced diabetes are yet to be elucidated. Arsenic exerts negative effects on the white adipose tissue by decreasing adipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis. Some epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic can promote obesity. Nevertheless, few studies have indicated that arsenic may induce lipodystrophy. Arsenic multifactorial effects include accelerating birth and postnatal weight gains, elevated body fat content, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased serum lipid profile. Arsenic also elevated cord blood and placental, as well as postnatal serum leptin levels. The data from human studies indicate an association between inorganic arsenic exposure and the risk of diabetes and obesity. However, the currently available evidence is insufficient to conclude that low‐moderate dose arsenic is associated with diabetes or obesity development. Therefore, more investigations are needed to determine biological mechanisms linking arsenic exposure to obesity and diabetes.
Structure of the stomach cuticle in adult and larvae of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Brachyura, Decapoda)
Authors: Castejón Diego , Rotllant Guiomar , Ribes Enric , Durfort Mercè , Guerao Guillermo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe stomach of decapods is a complex organ with specialized structures that are delimited by a cuticle. The morphology and ontogeny of the stomach are largely described, but few studies have focused on the morphology of its cuticle. This study examined the morphology of the stomach cuticle of cardiac sacs, gastric mill ossicles, cardio‐pyloric valve and pyloric filters, and during various stages (zoea I and II, megalopa, first juvenile, and adult) of the common spider crab Maja brachydactyla using dissection, histology and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that cuticle morphology varies among structures (e.g., cardiac sacs, urocardiac ossicle, cardio‐pyloric valve, pyloric filters), within a single structure (e.g., different sides of the urocardiac ossicle) and among different life stages. The cuticle during the larval stages is very thin and the different layers (epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuticle) are infrequently distinguishable by histology. Major changes during larval development regarding cuticle morphology are observed after the molt to megalopa, including the increment in thickness in the gastric mill ossicles and cardio‐pyloric valve, and the disappearance of the long thickened setae of the cardio‐pyloric valve. The cuticle of all the stomach structures in the adults is thicker than in larval and juvenile stages. The cuticle varies in thickness, differential staining affinity and morphology of the cuticle layers. The structure–function relationship of the cuticle morphology is discussed.
Targeting mutant TP53 as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Tang Fan , Min Li , Seebacher Nicole A. , Li Xiaoyang , Zhou Yubin , Hornicek Francis J. , Wei Yuquan , Tu Chongqi , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMutant TP53 is a promising therapeutic target in cancers. Considering the current challenges facing the clinical treatment of cancer, as well as the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets in osteosarcomas, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of mutant TP53 in osteosarcoma patients and to explore the therapeutic effect of targeting mutant TP53 in osteosarcomas. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the relationship between mutant TP53 and the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. A CRISPR‐Cas9 system and a TP53 inhibitor, NSC59984, were also used to specifically knock‐out and inhibit mutant TP53 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines, KHOS, and KHOSR2. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that mutations in the TP53 gene could be used to predict a poor 2‐year survival in osteosarcoma patients. We also demonstrated that the expression of mutant TP53 in human osteosarcoma cell lines can be efficiently knocked‐out using CRISPR‐Cas9, and this decreased the proliferation, migration, and tumor formation activity of these osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, drug sensitivity to doxorubicin was increased in these TP53 knock‐out osteosarcoma cells. NSC59984 also showed similar anti‐tumor effects as CRISPR‐Cas9 targeted TP53 in the osteosarcoma cells in vitro. We have also demonstrated that the knock‐out or inhibition of mutant TP53 decreased the expression of the oncogene IGF‐1R, anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2, and Survivin in osteosarcoma cells. Collectively, these results suggest that mutant TP53 is a promising therapeutic target in osteosarcomas. Therefore, further studies exploring novel strategies to target mutant TP53 may help improve the treatment outcomes of osteosarcoma patients in the clinic. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
New Interfacial Rheology Characteristics Measured Using a Spinning Drop Rheometer at the Optimum Formulation. Part 2. Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems with a High Volume of Middle‐Phase Microemulsion
Authors: Marquez Ronald , Antón Raquel , Vejar Francia , Salager Jean‐Louis , Forgiarini Ana M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article is a continuation of our first study on dilational interfacial rheology properties at optimum formulation for surfactant‐oil–water systems at low surfactant concentration just above the cμc. Here, we have investigated a high content of middle‐phase microemulsion with an optimum WIII phase behavior for a system containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, n‐pentanol, and kerosene. A new oscillating spinning drop interfacial rheometer was used to measure the interfacial properties. The very low dilational elasticity moduli and phase angle found at or near hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) = 0 are related to the presence of the bicontinuous phase microemulsion and to the fast surfactant exchanges between the bulk and the interface, regardless of the phases involved in the measurement using the spinning drop apparatus, i.e., the two‐phase excess oil and excess water (O‐W) or the bicontinuous microemulsion and excess water (M‐W). We show that at or near optimum formulation, the interfacial tension and the dilational modulus for the M‐W case almost instantly reach equilibrium, because of the high surfactant content in the microemulsion and the fast exchanges between the bulk and the interface. In contrast, when both excess phases (O‐W) are measured, the changes in these properties are slower, due to the scarce presence of surfactants in both phases. The possibility of having almost all the surfactants trapped in the middle‐phase bicontinuous microemulsion could explain the emulsion instability in all the WIII range. This is behaving as if there were no surfactant available in the oil and water phases to stabilize the oil or water droplets thus formed.
Surfactin from Bacillus velezensis H2O‐1: Production and Physicochemical Characterization for Postsalt Applications
Authors: Guimarães Carolina Reis , Pasqualino Ilson Paranhos , da Mota Fabio Faria , de Godoy Mateus Gomes , Seldin Lucy , de Castilho Livia Vieira Araujo , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of surfactin, a powerful biosurfactant, is generally hampered by poor production yield. Consequently, identification of new producers and the study of operational parameters are essential. We identify Bacillus sp. H2O‐1 as Bacillus velezensis, a species previously not investigated for its biosurfactant production. Among the nitrogen sources we tested, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were the most appropriate for surfactin production, reaching 608.5 and 659.5 mg L−1, respectively. Only temperature affected the production, whereas rotation and the C/N ratio did not. Biosurfactants can be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in reservoirs located in the presalt and postsalt layers, where conditions of temperature, pressure, and salinity are quite varied, requiring a study of the stability of these molecules under these conditions. We found the surfactin produced by B. velezensis to be stable at different temperatures, pH, and ionic strengths. We evaluated the concurrent effects of different salinity, temperature, and pressure conditions on surface and interfacial activities of this surfactin. Overall, we found the surfactin produced by B. velezensis H2O‐1 to have considerable potential for industrial applications, mainly due to the stability of its physical and chemical characteristics when subjected to different temperatures, pressures, and salinities, in addition to its low toxicity.
Simultaneous detection of four flavonoids and two alkaloids in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics between Abri Herba and Abri mollis Herba extract after oral administration
Authors: Liu Ruina , Yan Wenying , Han Qingjie , Lv Tao , Wang Xin , Liu Xiaochen , Fan Xueyan , Meng Caifeng , Wang Chunying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAbri Herba and Abri mollis Herba both were important members of the Leguminosae family in southwestern China. Abri mollis Herba was often used as Abri Herba due to their proximity, but there are few studies on pharmacokinetics to compare their main identical active compositions. A sensitive and selective high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method in the positive/negative electrospray ionization switching mode was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of four flavonoids and two alkaloids in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid. The detection of the target compounds was conducted in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode with a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with positive/negative ion‐switching electrospray ion source. The differences in pharmacokinetics were discovered, which indicated that the substitution between them is some degree of irrationality. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the six components in male rat plasma after oral administration of Abri Herba and Abri mollis Herba extract and the results in the study would provide a useful guide for the clinical application of Abri Herba with those in Abri mollis Herba.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Maltreated Children Grown Up: The Influence of Neighborhood
Authors: Schuck Amie M. , Widom Cathy Spatz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of childhood neighborhood characteristics on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of abused and neglected individuals and matched controls followed into adulthood (N = 1,132). Using generalized linear models (GLM), the results indicated that growing up in more advantaged neighborhoods (middle‐ and upper‐class) was associated with the development of fewer PTSD symptoms,R2 = .09,p < .001. In contrast, growing up in more economically disadvantaged areas was associated with more PTSD symptoms, but only for nonmaltreated controls,R2 = .09,p < .001. We did not find that neighborhood characteristics were associated with PTSD in terms of the number of traumatic events reported,R2 = .60,p < .001, or being the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, pseudoR2 = .11,p < .001. The results generally supported the premise that characteristics of one's residential environment in childhood, especially factors reflecting social and economic advantage and disadvantage, have an influence on mental health functioning later in life. Future research should examine the mechanisms that might explain the impact of childhood neighborhood on PTSD outcomes and the aggravating effects of pretrauma vulnerabilities associated with neighborhood disadvantage.
The Association Between Disease Severity and Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rom Darren , Bassiouni Ahmed , Eykman Elizabeth , Liu Zhixin , Paramasivan Sathish , Alvarado Raquel , Earls Peter , Psaltis Alkis J. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe role of the microbiome in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still in debate. Reductions in richness and diversity have been implicated in CRS; however, limited knowledge exists regarding the impact of the severity of disease on the microbiome. The associations between constituents of the microbiome and the degree of mucosal inflammation and tissue eosinophilia are described.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of CRS and non‐CRS patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. Sinus mucosal biopsies were assessed for the degree of inflammation and tissue eosinophilia. Middle‐meatal swabs were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which quantified the prevalence, mean relative abundance, richness, and diversity. Comparisons between the microbiome at the genus level and degree of inflammation (absent, mild, moderate, severe) and tissue eosinophilia (absent, < 10, 10–100, > 100 per high‐powered field) were performed.ResultsEight‐nine patients (52.8 ± 14.21 years, 64.0% male) were assessed. Of those, 52 had CRS and 37 were controls. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were the most abundant genera in both the CRS (29% and 16%) and non‐CRS groups (40% and 20%). Richness decreased in more severely inflamed patients (23.2 ± 13.9 vs. 18.1 ± 16.1 vs. 16.8 ± 12.3 vs. 14.7 ± 10.9; P < 0.01), as did diversity (1.4 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7; P = 0.05). Richness was associated with higher tissue eosinophilia (23.2 ± 13.9 vs. 19.3 ± 17.2 vs. 15.9 ± 11.6 vs. 13.4 ± 6.6; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe loss of richness and diversity seen in the CRS microbiome appears to be a product of severity of inflammation and tissue eosinophilia. Whether this dysbiosis is causative or a result of the disease with impaired epithelial integrity requires ongoing research.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1265–1273, 2019
Incorporation of a spectral model in a convolutional neural network for accelerated spectral fitting
Authors: Gurbani Saumya S. , Sheriff Sulaiman , Maudsley Andrew A. , Shim Hyunsuk , Cooper Lee A.D. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeMRSI has shown great promise in the detection and monitoring of neurologic pathologies such as tumor. A necessary component of data processing includes the quantitation of each metabolite, typically done through fitting a model of the spectrum to the data. For high‐resolution volumetric MRSI of the brain, which may have ~10,000 spectra, significant processing time is required for spectral analysis and generation of metabolite maps.MethodsA novel unsupervised deep learning architecture that combines a convolutional neural network with a priori models of the spectrum is presented. This architecture, a convolutional encoder–model decoder (CEMD), combines the strengths of adaptive and unbiased convolutional networks with models of magnetic resonance and is readily interpretable.ResultsThe CEMD architecture performs accurate spectral fitting for volumetric MRSI in patients with glioblastoma, provides whole‐brain fitting in 1 min on a standard computer, and handles a variety of spectral artifacts.ConclusionA new architecture combining physics domain knowledge with convolutional neural networks has been developed and is able to perform rapid spectral fitting of whole‐brain data. Rapid processing is a critical step toward routine clinical practice.