bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous extract of clove inhibits tumor growth by inducing autophagy through AMPK/ULK pathway
Authors: Li Cong , Xu Huanli , Chen Xiaoliang , Chen Jijun , Li Xiao , Qiao Gan , Tian Ye , Yuan Ru , Su Shuonan , Liu Xiaohui , Lin Xiukun 
Published: April 2019

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, displays broad biological activity. In the present study, the aqueous extract of clove (AEC) was prepared, and its anticancer affects were studied. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetra‐zolium (MTS) analysis revealed that AEC was able to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro on several cancer cell lines; the IC50 is around 150 μg/ml for human pancreatic ASPC‐1 and human colon HT‐29 cancer cells. Treatment of the cancer cells with AEC also diminished the colony formation significantly in both human pancreatic ASPC‐1 cancer cells and human colon HT‐29 cancer cells. In vivo study revealed that AEC inhibited the tumor growth significantly in HT‐29 xenograft mice model. Transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry assay, and fluorescence microscope analysis confirmed that AEC is capable of inducing cell autophagy. Further study showed that AMPK/ULK pathway plays an important role in AEC‐induced autophagy in cancer cells. Analysis of AEC components was performed by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer approach, and more than nine constitutes were identified in AEC fraction. The study provides evidence that AEC has potential to be developed as a novel anticancer agent or as an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy.
Evaluation Practices and Impact: Overload?
Authors: Hansen Hanne Foss , Aarrevaara Timo , Geschwind Lars , Stensaker Bjørn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter offers an analysis of evaluation practices in and around the universities in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The analysis builds on a conceptual framework focussing on a typology of evaluation models and combines these with an actor’s perspective. The analysis shows that similar evaluation ideas and models have been implemented across the countries, but also that when looking into evaluation practices, variations are considerable. Further, the chapter explores academics’ views on evaluation and evaluation impact. This part of the analysis reveals country differences and shows that evaluation criteria in policy- and managerial-driven evaluation schemes often do not match academic views on what constitutes and supports good performance.
The effect of alternative fuels on gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emission performance in an auxiliary power unit (APU)
Authors: Khandelwal B. , Cronly J. , Ahmed I.S. , Wijesinghe C.J. , Lewis C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in the use of alternative fuels in gas turbine engines to reduce emissions. Testing of alternative fuels is expensive when done on a large-scale gas turbine engine. In this study, a re-commissioned small gas turbine auxiliary power unit (APU) has been used to test various blends of Jet A-1, synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and diesel with as well as eight other novel fuels. A detailed analysis of performance, gaseous emissions and particulate emissions has been presented in this study. It is observed that aromatic content in general as well as the particular chemical composition of the aromatic compound plays a vital role in particulate emissions generation. SPK fuel shows substantially lower particulate emissions with respect to Jet A. However, not all the species of aromatics negatively impact particulate emissions. Gaseous emissions measured are comparable for all the fuels tested in this study.
Redefining African Regions for Linking Open-Source Data
Authors: Lovejoy Henry B. , Lovejoy Paul E. , Hawthorne Walter , Alpers Edward A. , Candido Mariana , Hopper Matthew S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:In recent years, an increasing number of online archival databases of primary sources related to the history of the African diaspora and slavery have become freely and readily accessible for scholarly and public consumption. This proliferation of digital projects and databases presents a number of challenges related to aggregating data geographically according to the movement of people in and out of Africa across time and space. As a requirement to linking data of open-source digital projects, it has become necessary to delimit the entire continent of precolonial Africa during the era of the slave trade into broad regions and sub-regions that can allow the grouping of data effectively and meaningfully.
‘Won't get fooled again’: How personal values shape leadership purpose, behavior and legacy
Authors: Watton Emma , Lichtenstein Scott , Aitken Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile much has been documented about the construction of an individual's personal values, very little attention has been paid to how personal values connect with core aspects of leadership such as purpose, behavior and legacy. Through an expansion of Ken's recent work on this topic, the authors explore the impact of personal values-led leadership. A model of how personal values shape leadership purpose, behavior and legacy is introduced. These dimensions are then illuminated through interview data from senior managers from the financial services sector. The personal value impacts are examined in the context of the literature and implications for organizations and managers are drawn together.
Absolute Dating of Early Iron Objects from the Ancient Orient: Radiocarbon Dating of Luristan Iron Mask Swords
Authors: Hüls C Matthias , Petri Ingo , Föll Helmut 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. The about 90 known objects are characterized by a disk-shaped pommel on the top of the handle with two mounted bearded heads on two sides. According to the similarity in form and radiocarbon (14C) measurements on two swords from museum collections, an overall short production period was assumed around 1000 BC (Moorey 1991; Rehder 1991). Here we present the results of metallurgical analysis and 14C measurements for three newly acquired Luristan swords, which were donated to the Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels. Metallurgical analysis indicates an iron production via the bloomary furnace technique. Analyzed samples show large slag inclusions (Fayalite, Wüstite, glass) within a mostly ferritic and pearlitic iron. The carbon contents varied between 0.2 wt% to around 0.8 wt%). 14C measurements on thermally extracted carbon give 14C ages between 2800 BP–3360 BP (calibrated ∼1745 BC–900 BC). The reliability of the 14C measurements are discussed with respect to external (contamination during handling) and intrinsic contamination (e.g. fossil carbon sources during manufacture).
Interpreting 14C Measurements on 3rd–4th Century AD Iron Artifacts from Nydam, Denmark
Authors: Hüls C Matthias , Meadows John , Rau Andreas 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) ages were determined for 10 iron samples from the war booty offering site in the Nydam peat bog (SE Denmark), and compared to archaeologically inferred periods of deposition. Additional 14C measurements were carried out for modern iron standards made with charcoal of known isotopic composition to evaluate possible effects of handling. Modern iron standards give depleted 14C concentrations, compared to the initial charcoal 14C composition, and may indicate carbon fractionation effects during carbon dissolution in the iron lattice. Further studies are needed to verify if this is a common effect during iron production. 14C dating of two swords and one ax head are in comparatively good agreement with expected deposition times and indicate only small old-wood effects. In contrast, 14C dating of iron rivets from the Nydam (B) oak boat proved difficult due to corrosion with siderite (FeCO3) and conservation with wax. A step-combustion procedure was applied, using a low (∼570–600°C) temperature prior to the high (∼970–1000°C) combustion temperature for carbon extraction, aiming to remove siderite and wax before collecting the original carbon dissolved in the iron lattice. Nevertheless, measured 14C ages of the iron rivets differ by about 200–300 years from the dendro-date of the Nydam (B) oak boat they belong to, indicating persisting aging effects (e.g. old-wood, contamination with fossil carbon added during iron making and/or handling prior 14C dating). Also, a possible recycling of older iron cannot be excluded.
Rhetorical Metrics Building Securities Regulation in America’s Era of Booms and Busts, 1890-1940
Authors: Pénet Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHow do regulators regulate with metrics? This article offers a rhetorical approach to this question, using early U.S. securities regulation as a case in point, and reliance on credit ratings as empirical illustration. A rhetorical approach challenges economists’ claim that metrics are limited to providing technical guidance to policy formation: the fact is that the role of metrics in regulation can be appreciated only if technical and social aspects are considered together. A rhetorical perspective also fills an important gap in sociological studies of “co-production” that claim that procedural deliberation enhances the legitimacy of regulation but underemphasize the role of quantification when procedural rules are lacking. This article suggests that rhetoric is not suboptimal or irrational but a vital form of deliberation in contexts of uncertainty, when decision-making requires some amount of persuasion outside a procedural context. I observe that metrics can be a powerful vehicle of rhetorical change. Two components of rhetorical metrics are highlighted. First are cognitive clutches, or the capacity to shift prevailing models of attention. Second are actionable arguments, the capacity to embed cognitive deviance into a compelling argument for change. I conclude with reflections on the legacy of rhetorical decisions on current policy debates.
Provenance evolution of the northern Weihe Basin as an indicator of environmental changes during the Quaternary
Authors: Zhang XY , He MY , Wang B , Clift PD , Rits DS , Zheng Y , Zheng HB 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Weihe Basin is an intracontinental rift basin in central China that provides an ideal location for studying the interactions between regional tectonics and monsoonal climate change. In this paper, we present detrital zircon U–Pb ages from sediments from Core LYH drilled in the northern margin of the basin. We use these to illuminate changing sediment transport processes, provenance and palaeo-environments during the Quaternary. The sediments are dominated by zircon age groups of 100–400 Ma and 400–550 Ma, and three secondary age peaks at 700–1100 Ma, 1700–2100 Ma and 2400–2600 Ma. Multidimensional scaling plots support the conclusion that the Central Loess Plateau and the Luo River are the dominant sources of sediments to the core site. Before c. 1.06 Ma, the Qinling Mountains and the Wei River, as well as the Yellow River, had minor influence on the sedimentation at the core site. These results are consistent with the existence of a palaeolake prior to 1.06 Ma, which allowed sediments supplied to the south and east edge of the basin to be reworked to the northern side of the Weihe Basin. Subsequently, the Luo River has provided a steady source of sediments to the northern Weihe Basin.
Maternal half-sibling families with discordant fathers: a contrastive design assessing cross-generational paternal genetic transmission of alcohol use disorder, drug abuse and major depression
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe introduce and apply an elegant, contrastive genetic-epidemiological design – Maternal Half-Sibling Families with Discordant Fathers – to clarify cross-generational transmission of genetic risk to alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug abuse (DA) and major depression (MD).MethodUsing Swedish national registries, we identified 73 108 eligible pairs of reared together maternal half-siblings and selected those whose biological fathers were discordant for AUD, DA and MD, and had minimal contact with the affected father. We examined differences in outcome in half-siblings with an affectedv.unaffected father.ResultsFor AUD, DA and MD, the HR (95% confidence intervals) for the offspring of affectedv.unaffected fathers were, respectively, 1.72 (1.61; 1.84), 1.55 (1.41; 1.70) and 1.51 (1.40; 1.64). Paternal DA and AUD, but not MD, predicted risk in offspring for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and poor educational performance and attainment. Offspring of affectedv.unaffected fathers had poorer pregnancy outcomes, with the effect strongest for DA and weakest for MD. A range of potential biases and confounders were examined and were not found to alter these findings substantially.ConclusionReared together maternal half-siblings differ in their paternal genetic endowment, sharing the same mother, family, school and community. They can help clarify the nature of paternal genetic effects and produce results consistent with other designs. Paternal genetic risk for DA and AUD have effects on offspring educational achievement, child and adult psychopathology, and possibly prenatal development. The impact of paternal genetic risk for MD is narrower in scope.
Problematizing Sexual Harassment in Residential Long-Term Care: The Need for a More Ethical Prevention Strategy
Authors: Grigorovich Alisa , Kontos Pia 
Published: April 2019

RÉSUMÉLa promotion des droits sexuels dans les établissements de soins de longue durée est complexe sur le plan éthique, étant donné que ce milieu est à la fois une résidence et un lieu de travail. Bien que les données empiriques démontrent que le bien-être des soignants professionnels et des résidents sont inextricablement liés, les politiques publiques au Canada ne reconnaissent généralement pas cette relation et continuent de se concentrer isolément sur le bien-être des résidents ou des travailleurs. Les conséquences problématiques de cette situation sont particulièrement mises en évidence lorsque l’on considère les défis associés à la prévention du harcèlement sexuel envers les travailleurs, dans un contexte où l’on ne veut pas restreindre indûment la liberté d’expression sexuelle des résidents atteints de démence. Nous avons utilisé l’approche « Quel est le problème représenté ? » (“What’s the Problem Represented to be?”) de Carol Bacchi pour analyser de façon critique un plan d’action canadien récent visant à prévenir la violence et le harcèlement sexuels. Notre analyse suggère que cette approche de prévention du harcèlement sexuel n’est pas une politique publique prometteuse et pourrait même contribuer à augmenter le phénomène qu’elle vise à corriger. Il est donc urgent de concentrer les efforts de prévention sur les facteurs structurels de ce phénomène afin de soutenir les droits sexuels des soignants et des résidents.
Dead space fractions in neonates following first-stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Anton-Martin Pilar , Joshi Rhucha , Rao Mounica , Pandurangi Sindhu , Wellnitz Chasity , Kang Paul , Nigro John J. , Velez Daniel , Willis Brigham C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurpose:(1) To characterise changes in dead space fraction during the first 120 post-operative hours in neonates undergoing stage 1 palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, including hybrid procedure; (2) to document whether dead space fraction varied by shunt type (Blalock–Taussig shunt and Sano) and hybrid procedure; and (3) to determine the association between dead space fraction and outcomes.Methods:Retrospective chart review in neonates undergoing stage 1 palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a cardiac intensive care unit over a consecutive 30-month period. A linear mixed model was used to determine the differences in dead space over time. Multivariable linear regression and a multivariable linear mixed model were used to assess the association between dead space and outcomes at different time points and over time, respectively.Results:Thirty-four neonates received either a Blalock–Taussig shunt (20.5%), Sano shunt (59%), or hybrid procedure (20.5%). Hospital mortality was 8.8%. Dead space fractions in patients undergoing the hybrid procedure were significantly lower on day 1 (p = 0.01) and day 2 (p = 0.02) and increased over time. A dead space fraction >0.6 on post-operative days 3–5 was significantly associated with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation in all surgical groups (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Dead space fraction >0.6 on post-operative days 3–5 was associated with lower duration of mechanical ventilation in all surgical groups. A more comprehensive, prospective assessment of dead space in this delicate patient population would likely be beneficial in improving outcomes.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase as a risk factor for mortality and	cardiovascular events in older adults – results from a prospective cohort	study in a primary care setting (getABI)
Authors: Kreutzer Florian , Krause Dietmar , Klaassen-Mielke Renate , Trampisch Hans-Joachim , Diehm Curt , Rudolf Henrik 
Published: April 2019

Summary. Background: In primary care, the gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity is used for assessing hepatobiliary dysfunction, but is also known to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular events as well as overall mortality. As this knowledge is mainly based on cohorts with middle-aged participants, we aim to assess these associations in elderly patients in a primary care setting. Patients and methods: 6,880 unselected primary care patients, aged 65 years or older, were enrolled by 344 general practitioners all over Germany (getABI study). During seven years of follow-up, coronary heart disease (CHD) events (myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization), cerebrovascular events (stroke or carotid revascularization) and deaths were recorded. Event rates were calculated and Cox regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender, GGT, classical and other risk factors (e.g. education, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, vitamin D) was performed. Results: 1,243 patients died. 27.8 deaths per 1,000 patient years (0.95 confidence interval [0.95 CI]: 26.2–29.3) occurred in the whole cohort. 605 participants had a CHD event, i.e. 16.1 per 1,000 patient years (0.95 CI: 14.8–17.4). 296 cerebrovascular events were observed, i.e. 7.7 per 1,000 patient years (0.95 CI: 6.9–8.6). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for the above-mentioned risk factors showed a significant impact of baseline elevation of GGT above the 3rd quartile (women > 18 U/L, men > 26 U/L) compared to the rest on mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% CI 1.22–1.56, p < 0.001) and cerebrovascular events (1.39, 95% CI: 1.08–1.79), p = 0.010), whereas the association with CHD events (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97–1.39, p = 0.103) showed no significance. Conclusions: In a primary care setting, GGT values have a significant association with overall mortality and cerebrovascular events, but not with CHD events in elderly patients.
Permeability Profiling of Rock Cores Using a Novel Spatially Resolved NMR Relaxometry Method: Preliminary Results From Sandstone and Limestone
Authors: Liu Huabing , Xiao Lizhi , Zong Fangrong , d'Eurydice Marcel Nogueira , Galvosas Petrik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPermeability characterizes how saturating fluids penetrate and flow through porous rocks. It is an important quantity that can be used to model the behavior of reservoir rocks and to optimize underground resource exploration. Permeability can be characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry techniques by utilizing the yielded pore volume and pore length scales. However, for heterogeneous rocks a simple estimation of a permeability value based on the existing models may be inadequate. In this work, a new relaxation technique is applied to rock cores in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging schemes. This allows the interior structures of studied rock cores to be recorded along a chosen sample axis. Based on the spatially resolved relaxation maps obtained, a factor of local connectivity was introduced for the first time and calculated by using the correlation degree between adjacent relaxation time distributions originating from neighboring image slices. Consequently, a permeability profile was estimated by consecutively considering the local porosity, the spatially resolved relaxation time distribution, and the connectivity factor. Experimental results prove that permeability profiles trace the heterogeneity of rock samples. Furthermore, averaged permeabilities of rock cores were calculated while taking into account local connectivity. The values obtained approach better to brine‐permeability measurements as compared to data processing disregarding connectivity.
Domain State Diagnosis in Rock Magnetism: Evaluation of Potential Alternatives to the Day Diagram
Authors: Roberts Andrew P. , Hu Pengxiang , Harrison Richard J. , Heslop David , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Oda Hirokuni , Sato Tetsuro , Tauxe Lisa , Zhao Xiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Day diagram is used extensively in rock magnetism for domain state diagnosis. It has been shown recently to be fundamentally ambiguous for 10 sets of reasons. This ambiguity highlights the urgency for adopting suitable alternative approaches to identify the domain state of magnetic mineral components in rock magnetic studies. We evaluate 10 potential alternative approaches here and conclude that four have value for identifying data trends, but, like the Day diagram, they are affected by use of bulk parameters that compromise domain state diagnosis in complex samples. Three approaches based on remanence curve and hysteresis loop unmixing, when supervised by independent data to avoid nonuniqueness of solutions, provide valuable component‐specific information that can be linked by inference to domain state. Three further approaches based on first‐order reversal curve diagrams provide direct domain state diagnosis with varying effectiveness. Environmentally important high‐coercivity hematite and goethite are represented with variable effectiveness in the evaluated candidate approaches. These minerals occur predominantly in noninteracting single‐domain particle assemblages in paleomagnetic contexts, so domain state diagnosis is more critical for ferrimagnetic minerals. Treating the high‐coercivity component separately following normal rock magnetic procedures allows focus on the more vexing problem of diagnosing domain state in ferrimagnetic mineral assemblages. We suggest a move away from nondiagnostic methods based on bulk parameters and adoption of approaches that provide unambiguous component‐specific domain state identification, among which various first‐order reversal curve‐based approaches provide diagnostic information.