bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resin‐Derived Ni3S2/Carbon Nanocomposite for Advanced Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Zhang Haozhe , Wu Weixing , Wang Chao , Wu Shijia , Zhong Guobin , Xu Kaiqi , Zeng Jie , Su Wei , Lu Xihong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe exploration of high‐energy and stable cathode materials is highly desirable and challenging for the development of advanced Zn‐based batteries. In this work, a facile pyrolysis method is reported to synthetize Ni3S2/carbon nanocomposite as high‐performance cathode by employing ion exchange resin as a precursor. Attributing to the abundant active sites and enhanced conductivity from well binding between Ni3S2 and carbon, a markedly high capacity of 234.3 mA h g−1 is obtained for this Ni3S2/carbon at a high current density of 6.9 A g−1. Moreover, a Zn‐based battery is demonstrated by using the Ni3S2/carbon as a cathode and Zn plate as an anode, which delivers a maximum power density of 58.6 kW kg−1, together with a peak energy density of 356 W h kg−1 and 93.7% capacity retention after 5000 charging–discharging cycles. This simple synthetic strategy to achieve robust Ni‐based composite electrodes may open up new opportunities to design other transition metal–based electrodes for energy storage applications.
Proteomics and Leishmaniasis: Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Capelli‐Peixoto Janaína , Mule Simon Ngao , Tano Fabia Tomie , Palmisano Giuseppe , Stolf Beatriz Simonsen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLeishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genusLeishmania. They are endemic in 98 countries, affect around 12 million people worldwide and may present several distinct clinical forms. Unfortunately, there are only a few drugs available for treatment of leishmaniasis, which are toxic and not always effective. Different parasite species and different clinical forms require optimization of the treatment or more specific therapies, which are not available. The emergence of resistance is also a matter of concern. Besides, diagnosis can sometimes be complicated due to atypical manifestations and associations with other pathologies. In this review, proteomic data are presented and discussed in terms of their application in important issues in leishmaniasis such as parasite resistance to chemotherapy, diagnosis of active disease in patients and dogs, markers for different clinical forms, identification of virulence factors, and their potential use in vaccination. It is shown that proteomics has contributed to the discovery of potential biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, therapeutics, monitoring of disease progression, treatment follow‐up and identification of vaccine candidates for specific diseases. However, the authors believe its capabilities have not yet been fully explored for routine clinical analysis for several reasons, which will be presented in this review.
Thermal Ignition of ADN‐Based Propellants
Authors: Negri Michele , Wilhelm Marius , Ciezki Helmut K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmmonium dinitramide (ADN, NH4+ N(NO2)2−) based monopropellants are extremely promising as hydrazine replacement. Thermal igniters are attractive for ADN thrusters as they allow a more prompt ignition and may be better suited for larger engines (100‐500 N) compared to the currently used preheated catalysts. The results of an experimental campaign conducted on the ignition of two ADN‐based monopropellants (LMP‐103S and FLP‐106) with a torch igniter are presented. Several combustion chamber configurations have been tested to facilitate the ignition. Through the use of porous inlays in the chamber, ignition of both propellants was achieved. It was not possible, however, to achieve sustained combustion under the chosen test conditions.
Aspergillus fumigatus population dynamics and sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor fungicides in whole‐crop corn, high moisture corn and wet grain corn silages
Authors: Spadaro Davide , Matic Slavica , Prencipe Simona , Ferrero Francesco , Borreani Giorgio , Gisi Ulrich , Gullino Maria Lodovica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus fumigatus, the causal agent of aspergillosis in humans, is commonly present as a saprophyte in various organic substrates, such as spoiled silages. Aspergillosis is generally combated with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, but the recent appearance of resistant medical and environmental strains made current treatment strategies less reliable. The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of A. fumigatus populations during the ensiling process of whole‐crop corn, high moisture corn and wet grain corn, and to monitor the sensitivity of isolates from treated and untreated fields to one medical and one agricultural DMI fungicide.RESULTSA. fumigatus was isolated from fresh forage at harvest at rather low concentrations (102 cfu g−1). The low frequency lingered during the silage process (at 60 and 160 days), whereas it significantly increased during air exposure (at 7 and 14 days of air exposure). Field treatment of corn with a mixture of prothioconazole and tebuconazole did not affect the sensitivity of A. fumigatus isolates. One of 29 isolates from the untreated plot was resistant to voriconazole. A unique amino acid substitution (E427K) was detected in the cyp51A gene of 10 of 12 sequenced isolates, but was not associated with DMI resistance.CONCLUSIONA. fumigatus significantly increased during aerobic deterioration of ensilaged corn after silo opening, compared with the low presence in fresh corn and during ensiling. Field treatment of corn with DMI fungicides did not affect the sensitivity of A. fumigatus isolates collected from fresh and ensiled corn. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocontrolled Healable Structural Color Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Zhuoyue , Wu Jindao , Wang Yu , Shao Changmin , Chi Junjie , Li Zhiyang , Wang Xuehao , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStructural color hydrogels with healable capability are of great significance in many fields, however the controllability of these materials still needs optimizing. Thus, this work presents a healable structural color hydrogel with photocontrolling properties. The component parts of the hydrogel are a graphene oxide (GO) integrated inverse opal hydrogel scaffold and a hydrogel filler with reversible phase transition. The inverse opal scaffold provides stable photonic crystal structure and the hydrogel filler is the foundation of healing. Taking advantage of the prominent photothermal conversion efficiency of GO, the healable structural color material is imparted with photocontrolled properties. It is found that the structural color hydrogel shaped in complex patterns can heal under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. These features indicate that the optical controllable healable structural color hydrogel can be employed in various applications, such as constructing complex objects, repairing tissues, and so on.
SMYD2 Drives Mesendodermal Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Through Mediating the Transcriptional Activation of Key Mesendodermal Genes
Authors: Bai Hua-Jun , Zhang Peng , Ma Li , Liang He , Wei Gang , Yang Huang-Tian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Histone methyltransferases play a critical role in early human development, whereas their roles and precise mechanisms are less understood. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2) is a histone lysine methyltransferase induced during early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but little is known about its function in undifferentiated hESCs and in their early lineage fate decision as well as underlying mechanisms. Here, we explored the role of SMYD2 in the self-renewal and mesendodermal lineage commitment of hESCs. We demonstrated that the expression of SMYD2 was significantly enhanced during mesendodermal but not neuroectodermal differentiation of hESCs. SMYD2 knockout (SMYD2−/−) did not affect self-renewal and early neuroectodermal differentiation of hESCs, whereas it blocked the mesendodermal lineage commitment. This phenotype was rescued by reintroduction of SMYD2 into the SMYD2−/− hESCs. Mechanistically, the bindings of SMYD2 at the promoter regions of critical mesendodermal transcription factor genes, namely, brachyury (T), eomesodermin (EOMES), mix paired-like homeobox (MIXL1), and goosecoid homeobox (GSC) were significantly enhanced during mesendodermal differentiation of SMYD2+/+ hESCs but totally suppressed in SMYD2−/− ones. Concomitantly, such a suppression was associated with the remarkable reduction of methylation at histone 3 lysine 4 and lysine 36 but not at histone 4 lysine 20 globally and specifically on the promoter regions of mesendodermal genes, namely, T, EOMES, MIXL1, and GSC. These results reveal that the histone methyltransferase SMYD2 is dispensable in the undifferentiated hESCs and the early neuroectodermal differentiation, but it promotes the mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs through the epigenetic control of critical genes to mesendodermal lineage commitment. Stem Cells 2019;37:1401–1415
Effect of steel macro fibers on engineering properties of copperslag‐concrete
Authors: John Vinotha Jenifer , Dharmar Brindha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, various engineering properties of the hardened concrete with copper slag and steel macro fibers are investigated. Normal grade concrete has been designed by varying the volume fraction of the fibers from 0.3 to 1.5% with higher aspect ratio (80). The setbacks of the concrete such as quasi‐brittle nature and low tensile strain capacity have been improved by adopting steel macro fibers along with copper slag. The study showcases the influence of macro fibers for five different volume fractions of fibers 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5% with higher length (60 mm) and diameter (0.75 mm) on the mechanical properties and microstructure properties of concrete by incorporating 40% of copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate. From the observed results, the addition of fibers and copper slag showed significant results on the mechanical properties of the concrete for the adopted low water–cement ratio of 0.35. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength improved up to 16, 54, and 72% for the volume fraction of 1.5% of the fibers compared to the conventional concrete without any fibers. Relationship between the mechanical properties has been compared between the existing empirical relations and the experimental data. Microstructure analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis) has been carried out to validate the bond performance and strength characteristics.
Multisensory speech enhancement using lower‐frequency components from bone‐conducted speech
Authors: Rahman M. Shahidur , Saha Atanu , Shimamura Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we present a multisensory speech enhancement technique by suppressing low‐frequency band noise from the speech signal. Speech is often corrupted by color noises like car and multi‐talker babble noise that affect mostly the low‐frequency region of the speech signal. We propose a multisensory approach for noise reduction by utilizing bone‐conducted (BC) speech. Since BC speech is caused by the vibrations that travel through the vocal tract wall and skull bone, it is robust against ambient conditions. Unfortunately, BC speech suffers from intelligibility because it lacks higher‐frequency components. However, the low‐frequency region of BC speech is completely intelligible. When the normal air‐conducted (AC) speech gets corrupted by low‐frequency band noise, it can be readily suppressed by replacing the low‐frequency region of noisy AC speech with that of BC speech. Because the proposed method does not require any noise estimation, it is thus possible to avoid distortion introduced due to imperfect noise estimation by the traditional enhancement techniques. Evaluation results show that the method can be effectively used for suppressing low‐frequency band noise even under very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The semantics of questions
Authors: Moyer Morgan C. , Syrett Kristen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPinning down thesemantics of questionsposes a challenge for the study of meaning. Unlike most declarative statements, questions cannot be assigned a truth value. They do not assert information about the world that can be easily verified as true or false, or accepted or rejected. Instead, their function as a speech act is to interrogate, to seek information about the world. Thus a truth‐conditional approach to thesemantics of questionsruns into a dead end. We must therefore evaluate thesemantics of questionsin terms of the propositions that serve as their answers. But here, a number of questions arise that shape our investigation. What counts as a suitable answer, in general or in a given discourse context? How does the variability of question types within and across the world's languages influence our theory of a unifiedsemantics of questions? When questions are embedded under a matrix verb like “know,” which takes the question as a sentential complement, how does thesemantics of questionsfeed into the assessment of the proposition expressed by this declarative utterance? What must the subject of the sentence know? Should they be required to know or list an exhaustive list of true answers or one true answer, should they know of the false answers that they are false? What answers are licensed? How can questions reflect a bias on the part of the speaker? These issues lie at the heart of an investigation of thesemantics of questions.This article is characterized under:Linguistics > Linguistic TheoryLinguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Plasma amyloid beta levels are associated with cerebral amyloid and tau deposition
Authors: Risacher Shannon L. , Fandos Noelia , Romero Judith , Sherriff Ian , Pesini Pedro , Saykin Andrew J. , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the relationship of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) with cerebral deposition of Aβ and tau on positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsForty‐four participants (18 cognitively normal older adults [CN], 10 mild cognitive impairment, 16 Alzheimer's disease [AD]) underwent amyloid PET and a blood draw. Free and total plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were assessed using a validated assay. Thirty‐seven participants (17 CN, 8 mild cognitive impairment, 12 AD) also underwent a [18F]flortaucipir scan. Scans were preprocessed by standard techniques, and mean global and regional amyloid and tau values were extracted. Free Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ F42:F40) and total Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ T42:T40) were evaluated for differences by diagnosis and relation to PET Aβ positivity. Relationships between these measures and cerebral Aβ and tau on both regional and voxel‐wise basis were also evaluated.ResultsLower Aβ T42:T40 was associated with diagnosis and PET Aβ positivity. Lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios predicted cerebral Aβ positivity, both across the full sample and in CN only. Finally, lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios were associated with increased cortical Aβ and tau in AD‐related regions on both regional and voxel‐wise analyses.DiscussionPlasma Aβ measures may be useful biomarkers for predicting cerebral Aβ and tau. Additional studies in larger samples are warranted.
Societal Constitutionalism in Japan: Neighbourhood Associations as Micro-relational Constitutional Sites
Authors: SILIQUINI-CINELLI Luca 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past few years, Japan has been witnessing the emergence, regeneration, and spread of micro-relational forms of cohesion, solidarity, and responsibility in response to theryūdō-ka shakaiandhikikomoriphenomena. These terms refer to the crisis of social relations and co-operation, which commenced after the collapse of the Japanese economy in the early 1990s. While scholars, particularly sociologists and anthropologists, have consistently inquired into these micro-sites of civic friendship and responsibility, their juridical status is yet to be ascertained. This article argues that the paradigm of societal constitutionalism developed by Gunther Teubner can be of precious assistance in conducting such an assessment. In particular, it offers a contextualization of Teubner’s reflections on constitutional pluralism and fragmentation of social functions from the perspective of Kiyoshi Hasegawa’s state-centric scholarship on the regulatory dynamics of neighbourhood associations as micro-relational communities in suburban areas. A particular is given, and only given, within relations.1
A Law of Functional Expansion - Eliciting the Dynamics of Consumer Goods Innovation with Design Theory
Authors: Le Masson Pascal , El Qaoumi Kenza , Hatchuel Armand , Weil Benoit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor more than two decades, mobile phone industry has shown that innovation is not only functional optimization and combination but can also be a "functional expansion”. Sometimes called radical or disruptive innovation, this phenomenon leads to the development of new method for engineers and designers. However, the intensity remains undemonstrated: is functional expansion a rare phenomenon (few products during very short periods of time) – or is it an intense phenomenon, that even might have accelerated in the last decades? To answer these questions, the paper overcomes two main obstacles: how to measure functional expansion? And what would be a law of functional expansion, that would enable to test the importance and newness of the phenomena? Building on recent advances on the measurement of innovation and on new computational models of design derived from most advanced design theories, this paper presents unique data on functional expansion of 8 consumer products and tests that functional expansion significantly accelerated in the mid 1990s. The paper confirms quantitatively that our societies are now in a new design regime, a regime of innovative design.
A Matter of Factor: A Proposed Method for Identifying Factors that Influence Design Effort Levels in Product Design
Authors: Holliman Alexander , Thomson Avril , Hird Abigail , Wilson Nicky 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDesign effort, the amount of time required to complete a project or task (Salam et al., 2009; Salam and Bhuiyan, 2016), is a required resource for any design project which can be influenced by a number of factors. Estimating design effort is a significant challenge that can be mitigated through an understanding of these influential factors. This understanding is held as tacit knowledge by experts, earned through experience; yet, although these factors vary in type and impact, understanding their details can provide insight and improve future estimations. Some previous methods to estimate design effort identify these factors, either from: expert opinion, or historical data analysis with each approach has advantages and disadvantages.This paper is comprised of three parts:A review of published methods and tools for estimating product design effort and whether they consider and identify influential factors; an analysis of possible trends in the identification of factors influencing product design project length; and a new method for identifying the influential factors of product design project length.
Challenges and Architectural Approaches for Automotive PLM in Multi-Brand Organisations - A Discussion Paper
Authors: Kehl Stefan , Hesselmann Carsten , Stiefel Patrick , Müller Jörg P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractToday, top-down processes, centralized IT infrastructures, and one-vendor strategies prevail in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) of large multi-brand Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) groups. Given the usually decentralized organisation and structures and processes that emerge from cross-brand collaboration, these centralized approaches are challenging the adaptiveness and performance of the OEM groups.In this concept paper, we investigate challenges for cross-brand and cross-domain cooperation from the perspective of processes and IT systems. The main contribution of this paper is that we motivate and outline a novel technical architecture approach combining service-orientation with an event-driven software architecture and asynchronous event processing to support users from different brands and domains in their collaboration along the development process. We analyse related work on collaboration models as well as on event processing and discuss our approach before the background of the state of the art. Finally, we summarize our findings and give an outlook to future research venues.
Computational Simulation as an Organizational Prototyping Tool
Authors: Dosi Clio , Iori Manuel , Kramer Arthur , Vignoli Matteo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis case study deals with a redesign effort to face the overcrowding issue in an Emergency Department (ED). A multidiscinary group of healthcare professionals and engineers worked together to improve the actual processes. We integrate the simulation modeling in a human-centered design method. We use the simulation technique as a learning and experimentation tool into a design thinking process: the computational descrete event simulation helps explore the possibile scenarios to be prototyped. We used the simulation to create a virtual prototyping environment, to help the group start a safe ideation and prototyping effort. Virtual prototyping injected into the organizational context the possibility of experimenting. It represented a cognitive low-risk environment where professionals could explore possible alternative solutions. Upon those solutions, we developed organizational prototyping tools. Top management and head physicians gained confidence for a more grounded decision making effort and important choices of change management and investments have been made.
Empowering Decision Makers to Avoid the Oversizing of Building Service Systems
Authors: Jones Darren Anthony , Eckert Claudia Margot 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOversizing of building service systems has a direct impact on building efficiency and operational costs. The research of this paper highlights several major contributors to the issue of oversizing. A key factor is the excessive and uncoordinated application of design margins applied during the multiple stages of a building services project; others include, a lack of communication and transparency across the various stakeholder groups, and the use of vague or unreliable data upon which initial project requirements are based. The impact of these factors on system performance and cost, and how these can impede on a building's ability to meet energy efficiency targets are analysed and discussed.The paper emphasises the need to develop robust processes that capture the scope and rationale for the margins applied, and to communicate this knowledge in a clear and unambiguous format, to all project stakeholders. The development of flexible and alternative design solutions that apply diversity principles, such as different backup systems to provide resilience rather than the traditional ‘like-for- like’ redundancy solutions, are also explored.