bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells by up to 120 mV Using π‐Extended Phosphoniumfluorene Electrolytes as Hole Blocking Layers
Authors: An Qingzhi , Sun Qing , Weu Andreas , Becker‐Koch David , Paulus Fabian , Arndt Sebastian , Stuck Fabian , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Tessler Nir , Vaynzof Yana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFour π‐extended phosphoniumfluorene electrolytes (π‐PFEs) are introduced as hole‐blocking layers (HBL) in inverted architecture planar perovskite solar cells with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/HBL/Ag. The deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the π‐PFEs effectively blocks holes, decreasing contact recombination. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of π‐PFEs introduces a dipole moment at the PCBM/Ag interface, resulting in significant enhancement of the built‐in potential of the device. This enhancement results in an increase in the open‐circuit voltage of the device by up to 120 mV, when compared to the commonly used bathocuproine HBL. The results are confirmed both experimentally and by numerical simulation. This work demonstrates that interfacial engineering of the transport layer/contact interface by small molecule electrolytes is a promising route to suppress nonradiative recombination in perovskite devices and compensates for a nonideal energetic alignment at the hole‐transport layer/perovskite interface.
Increasing evidence of hereditary lymphedema caused by CELSR1 loss‐of‐function variants
Authors: Maltese Paolo E. , Michelini Sandro , Ricci Maurizio , Maitz Silvia , Fiorentino Alessandro , Serrani Roberta , Lazzerotti Alessandra , Bruson Alice , Paolacci Stefano , Benedetti Sabrina , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA whole exome sequencing approach was recently used to detect a CELSR1 truncating variant associated with lymphedema in a large pedigree. Since this first report, no other similar associations have been reported in the literature. Here, we present the genetic results of 95 probands tested using a next generation sequencing panel that covered all known lymphedema‐associated genes, including CELSR1. Five out of 95 probands (5.3%) were found to carry novel loss‐of‐function variants in CELSR1. Family segregation studies were possible in four out of five probands and showed possible sex‐specific differences: CELSR1 variants showed almost complete penetrance in females and were associated with early‐onset lymphedema, whereas in males they showed incomplete penetrance and were associated with late onset of the condition. Since the percentage of lymphedema patients carrying CELSR1 variants is not negligible, we do not hesitate to recommend including this gene in routine genetic testing.
The views of pregnant women, midwives, and a women's panel on intrapartum ultrasound research: A pilot study
Authors: Wilkinson Michael , Usman Sana , Barton Helen , Lees Christoph C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is increasingly used in labour; however, little data exist on attitudes to its use. We sought to analyse and compare the views of pregnant women, midwives, and a women's panel on the value and use of ultrasound in labour.MethodsFocus groups involving a short presentation on ultrasound, questionnaire, and a question and answer session were held with groups of pregnant women, midwives at 2 inner‐city maternity units, and a RCOG online Women's Panel. Data were collected on attitudes to vaginal examination, ultrasound, predicting Caesarean section, and the utility of a digital representation of labour.ResultsTwenty one midwives and 29 service users (19 pregnant women and 10 women's panel members) participated. Significantly more service users saw positive value in intrapartum ultrasound (P = 0.0005) and predicting Caesarean section (P = 0.03) than midwives. The majority of both groups – 72% (20/29) and 62% (13/21), respectively – thought women would want a digital representation of their labour, with the most popular format being on a mobile phone (56%, 20/36).ConclusionsService users were most and midwives least positive about ultrasound versus vaginal examination, indicating divergence between midwives' perspective of women's need to understand risk and desire to know about their labour. Women found the non‐intrusive nature and accuracy of ultrasound valuable while midwives were concerned about de‐skilling and medicalisation of birth. All groups felt a graphical representation of labour on a device would be helpful.
Should we ditch the supine chest X ray in early trauma assessment?
Authors: Lokuge Amaali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe supine chest X ray is a standard part of early trauma assessment protocols. It is used to rapidly identify potentially life threatening chest injuries. However, latest research shows that chest ultrasound has superior accuracy when compared to supine chest X ray for diagnosing most chest injuries. Is it time we allowed ultrasound to supersede supine chest X ray as the initial investigative modality of choice for the patient with thoracic trauma?
Experimental and numerical investigation on three‐point bending behaviors of unidirectional warp‐knitted composites
Authors: Hong Yang , Yan Ying , Guo Fangliang , Li Jie , Tian Ziyang 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis study develops a novel specimen model, which considers the progressive damage of the layers, the knitting yarns, and the interlaminar cohesive zone, to investigate the flexural properties and the interlaminar shear properties of the unidirectional warp‐knitted composites. Three‐point bending tests are conducted as verification of the numerical model. Improved strain‐based Hashin criteria are proposed to analyze the shear nonlinearity. Results show that specimens with small span‐to‐thickness ratios exhibit obvious nonlinear behaviors and the corresponding simulation results are sensitive to the value of the shear nonlinear factor. Failure mechanism and stress distributions are analyzed based on numerical simulations. The effect of the specimen size on bending behaviors is discussed. The influence of the width is found to be negligible but that of the span‐to‐thickness ratio is significant. The ranges of the span‐to‐thickness ratio corresponding to different failure modes are given. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48132.
Novel Inter‐omic Analysis Reveals Relationships Between Diverse Gut Microbiota and Host Immune Dysregulation in HLA–B27–Induced Experimental Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Gill Tejpal , Brooks Stephen R. , Rosenbaum James T. , Asquith Mark , Colbert Robert A. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo define inflammation‐related host–microbe interactions in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA) using novel inter‐omic approaches.MethodsThe relative frequency of gut microbes was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and gene expression using RNA‐Seq of host tissue. HLA–B27/human β2‐microglobulin–transgenic (HLA–B27–transgenic) and wild‐type rats from dark agouti, Lewis, and Fischer backgrounds were used. Inter‐omic analyses using Cytoscape were employed to identify relevant relationships. PICRUSt was used to predict microbial functions based on known metagenomic profiles.ResultsInter‐omic analysis revealed several gut microbes that were strongly associated with dysregulated cytokines driving inflammatory response pathways, such as interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), IL‐23, IL‐17, IL‐1, interferon‐γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Many microbes were uniquely associated with inflammation in Lewis or Fischer rats, and one was relevant on both backgrounds. Several microbes that were strongly correlated with immune dysregulation were not differentially abundant in HLA–B27–transgenic compared to wild‐type controls. A multi‐omic network analysis revealed non‐overlapping clusters of microbes in Lewis and Fischer rats that were strongly linked to overlapping dysregulated immune/inflammatory genes. Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Blautia were important in Lewis rats, while Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family dominated in Fischer rats. Inflammation‐associated metabolic pathway perturbation (e.g., butanoate, propanoate, lipopolysaccharide, and steroid biosynthesis) was also predicted from both backgrounds.ConclusionInter‐omic and network analysis of gut microbes and the host immune response in experimental SpA provides an unprecedented view of organisms strongly linked to dysregulated IL‐23, IL‐17, IL‐1, IFNγ, and TNF. Functional similarities between these organisms may explain why animals of different genetic backgrounds exhibit common patterns of immune dysregulation, possibly through perturbation of similar metabolic pathways. These results highlight the power of linking analyses of gut microbiota with the host immune response to gain insights into the role of dysbiotic microbes in SpA beyond taxonomic profiling.
Using Telehealth to address disparities in cognitive, language, and emotion regulation problems in young children: A case illustration using the INvesT model
Authors: Obeid Rita , Beekman Leah , Roizen Nancy , Ciccia Angela , Short Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a rise in the prevalence of developmental disabilities. Early diagnosis and access to healthcare services are essential for children with developmental delays to optimize development. For families living in poverty, accessing specialized assessment/intervention services for children with developmental disabilities is often a formidable task. In this study, we provide preliminary evidence for the implementation of a developmental risk assessment screening questionnaire using a telehealth format to address the gap in access to services in a community clinic serving a low‐income urban neighborhood. Ninety‐seven caregivers of children between 12 months and 7 years of age participated in this study. Caregivers completed the risk assessment screening questionnaire using an iPad that was available to them at the clinic. Results showed that while only 11% of caregivers indicated they were initially concerned about their child's overall development, completion of the focused risk assessment resulted in a completely different picture. Fifty percent of caregivers reported that their child had three or more concerns in at least one area of development that would warrant further evaluation. Alerting both families and professionals to these concerns as early as possible may position the family and child to receive the much‐needed services that have the potential to mitigate more serious developmental problems. This article discusses the promising role that Telehealth can play in providing screening services for all families, but especially low‐income urban households.
Aufnehmbare Teilflächenspannung von hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Plückelmann Sven , Breitenbücher Rolf , Smarslik Mario , Mark Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBei Teilflächenbelastungen werden Druckkräfte teilflächig in Betonbauteile eingeleitet. Für unbewehrte und konventionell mit Betonstahl bewehrte Betone existieren diesbezüglich bereits zahlreiche Untersuchungen, die das Tragverhalten unter Teilflächenbelastung beschreiben. Durch die Tendenz zu höheren Betonfestigkeiten und dem zunehmend weit verbreiteten Einsatz von Stahlfasern in den letzten Jahren wird es notwendig, auch das Verhalten von hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton unter Teilflächenbelastung zu eruieren.Der Beitrag beschreibt Versuche an hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton unter Teilflächenbelastung mit räumlicher und ebener Lastausbreitung. Dabei wurden unterschiedliche Flächenverhältnisse und Betone mit verschiedenen Fasertypen und ‐gehalten sowie Fasercocktails einbezogen. Auf Grundlage der Versuchsergebnisse wird ein Berechnungsansatz für die maximal aufnehmbare Teilflächenspannung vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch den Bezug auf die Biegezugfestigkeit, anstatt wie bei bekannten Berechnungsansätzen auf die Druckfestigkeit, eine deutlich genauere Berechnung der maximal aufnehmbaren Teilflächenspannung von hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton möglich ist.
Joint regression analysis for survival data in the presence of two sets of semi‐competing risks
Authors: Peng Mengjiao , Xiang Liming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn many clinical trials, multiple time‐to‐event endpoints including the primary endpoint (e.g., time to death) and secondary endpoints (e.g., progression‐related endpoints) are commonly used to determine treatment efficacy. These endpoints are often biologically related. This work is motivated by a study of bone marrow transplant (BMT) for leukemia patients, who may experience the acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), relapse of leukemia, and death after an allogeneic BMT. The acute GVHD is associated with the relapse free survival, and both the acute GVHD and relapse of leukemia are intermediate nonterminal events subject to dependent censoring by the informative terminal event death, but not vice versa, giving rise to survival data that are subject to two sets of semi‐competing risks. It is important to assess the impacts of prognostic factors on these three time‐to‐event endpoints. We propose a novel statistical approach that jointly models such data via a pair of copulas to account for multiple dependence structures, while the marginal distribution of each endpoint is formulated by a Cox proportional hazards model. We develop an estimation procedure based on pseudo‐likelihood and carry out simulation studies to examine the performance of the proposed method in finite samples. The practical utility of the proposed method is further illustrated with data from the motivating example.
Mechanisms of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sillo T O , Beggs A D , Morton D G , Middleton G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The immune response in cancer is increasingly understood to be important in determining clinical outcomes, including responses to cancer therapies. New insights into the mechanisms underpinning the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer are helping to develop the role of immunotherapy and suggest targeted approaches to the management of colorectal cancer at all disease stages.

Method
A literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant articles. This narrative review discusses the current understanding of the contributors to immunogenicity in colorectal cancer and potential applications for targeted therapies.

Results
Responsiveness to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer is non-uniform. Several factors, both germline and tumour-related, are potential determinants of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer. Current approaches target tumours with high immunogenicity driven by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Recent work suggests a role for therapies that boost the immune response in tumours with low immunogenicity.

Conclusion
With the development of promising therapies to boost the innate immune response, there is significant potential for the expansion of the role of immunotherapy as an adjuvant to surgical treatment in colorectal cancer.
Sustainable dressing: Consumers' value perceptions towards slow fashion
Authors: Şener Tuğba , Bişkin Ferdi , Kılınç Nurgül 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSlow fashion that improves with an increasing awareness of sustainability has changed consumers' value perception and purchasing behaviours. The aim of this study is to determine slow fashion dimensions that influence consumers' value perceptions for slow fashion products and to reveal the effects of the perceived value on consumers' intentions to purchase and willingness to pay higher prices. The sample includes 725 students pursuing higher education in Turkey and Kazakhstan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to specify the factor structure of the variables used in the research, and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.Data analysis showed that authenticity, locality, and exclusivity aspects in Turkey and equity, functionality, locality, and exclusivity aspects in Kazakhstan contributed to perceived customer value. Perceived customer value in both groups positively affects the intention to purchase and the willingness to pay higher prices. In addition, consumers who intend to purchase slow fashion clothing are willing to pay higher prices than other products.The results suggest that consumers in different countries have different orientations that influence their perceptions of value. From this perspective, this study can provide designers with insights on the importance of making sustainable designs that are appropriate to the target market beyond the trends imposed by the global fashion industry.
Unfolded protein response is involved in geniposide‐regulating glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in INS‐1 cells
Authors: Hao Yanan , Shen Shenli , Yin Fei , Zhang Yonglan , Liu Jianhui 
Published: June 2019

The growing evidence shows that in the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development, when challenged by hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance, pancreatic islets would produce more insulin to maintain the balance of blood sugar, but at the same time, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress will be initiated for the reason of over‐compensation, which might be a crucial caused factor of dysfunction and death of pancreatic beta cell. In this study, we showed that high glucose induced a remarkably unfolded protein response (UPR) with the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α in INS‐1 cells, but geniposide prevented the role of high glucose on the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α, respectively. Although inhibition of Txnip expression by siRNA had no significant effect on geniposide‐regulating UPR, PERK and IRE1α were associated with geniposide‐regulating Txnip degradation and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in high glucose‐cultured INS‐1 cells. All these data suggest that geniposide might be an important regulator of ER stress and GSIS, and a promising compound for the treatment of T2DM.Significance of the studyMounting evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an essential role to maintain the normal cellular functions and dysfunction. In this study, we revealed that geniposide might be an important regulator of ER stress and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.
Conversion of Serine‐Type Aldehyde Tags by the Radical SAM Protein AtsB from Methanosarcina mazei
Authors: Krüger Tobias , Weiland Stefanie , Boschanski Mareile , Sinha Prem Kumar , Falck Georg , Müller Kristian M. , Dierks Thomas , Sewald Norbert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFormylglycine‐generating enzymes provide a convenient tool for site‐specific protein derivatization. Their ability to oxidize cysteine or serine residues within a defined consensus sequence to Cα‐formylglycine (FGly) allows for the targeted introduction of a unique chemical handle for various bioconjugation reactions. In recent years, oxygen‐dependent FGly‐generating enzyme saw broad use in protein functionalization and the generation of protein conjugates. Yet, the FGly‐generating system AtsB, along with its capability to convert unusual aldehyde tag sequences, remains mostly unused. Herein, the ability of AtsB from Methanosarcina mazei to convert nonclassical aldehyde tags of the SX(A/P)XR‐type and its potential use in bioconjugation chemistry are demonstrated.
Porous Nitrogen Self‐Doped Carbon Wrapped Iron Phosphide Hollow Spheres as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Tong Jinhui , Li Tao , Bo Lili , Li Wenyan , Li Yuliang , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, a series of hybrid materials of N‐self‐doped carbon wrapped Fe2P/FeP hollow spheres were prepared by using a two‐step thermal conversion of precursors derived from the in situ coating of polyaniline on commercial Prussian blue. The precursors were pyrolyzed in N2 to form the N‐doped carbon coating on carbon‐iron materials; this was followed by subsequent phosphorization using NaH2PO2 as a phosphorus source, yielding the hybrid materials of N‐doped carbon wrapped Fe2P/FeP hollow spheres. The resulting hybrid materials showed high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface areas, pore volumes, and nitrogen contents, which were, more than 80 % pyridinic‐N. The hybrid materials were evaluated as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH, and they have exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities in the two reactions. In the case of the optimum sample, the 0.75‐NC−FexP catalyst, a low overpotential/Tafel slope of 193 mV/58 mV ⋅ dec−1 for HER and 302 mV/42 mV ⋅ dec−1 for OER were obtained. More importantly, the catalyst showed high catalytic activity for overall water splitting and only 1.63 V of cell voltage was needed to reach 10 mA/cm2 in a two‐electrode electrolyzer. The catalyst also exhibited robust long‐term durability and only a 16.0 % decrease in current density was observed after a 10 h chronoamperometric testing at 1.63 V. The results suggest that the sample is a promising alternative non‐precious‐metal catalyst for overall water splitting.
Oligopeptide Helical Conformations Control Gold Nanoparticle Cross‐Linking
Authors: Lyu Yanchao , Marafon Giulia , Martínez Álvaro , Moretto Alessandro , Scrimin Paolo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeptide sequences functionalized with primary amines at the N‐ and C‐terminus are able to induce the aggregation of gold nanoparticles in ethanol as a consequence of their folding into a helical conformation. Random coil peptides are unable to induce such an aggregation process. Aggregation can be monitored spectrophotometrically by following the shift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the nanoparticles and is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses. Partial denaturation of the peptides results in diminished cross‐linking ability. The helicity parameterθ222/θ208correlates fairly well with the shift of the SPR band to longer wavelengths, supporting the relationship between the amount of helical content of a peptide sequence and its ability to induce aggregation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylation of Enelactams Using a Relay Heck Strategy
Authors: Yuan Qianjia , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this report, a palladium‐catalyzed redox‐relay Heck process to access optically active alkenylated α,β‐unsaturated lactams is described. Under mild reaction conditions, electron‐deficient alkenyl triflates and electron‐rich alkenyl iodonium salts undergo enantioselective and site‐selective coupling with enelactams to deliver the products in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the products allow facile access to natural products such as (+)‐calvine and (+)‐2‐epicalvine in addition to the bioactive molecule aza‐goniothalamin.