bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the On-going Natural Selection of Educational Attainment in Contemporary Societies
Authors: Hong Ze 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere has been substantial increase in education attainment (EA) in both developing and developed countries over the past century. I present a simulation model to examine the potential evolutionary trajectories of EA under current selective pressure in western populations. With the assumption that EA is negatively correlated with fitness and has both a genetic component and a cultural component, I show that when prestige-biased transmission of the EA (i.e. people with more education are more likely to be copied) is present, the phenotype of EA is likely to keep increasing in the short term, yet the genetic component of EA may be undergoing a constant decline and eventually lead to an overall decrease in the phenotype.Significance statementContemporary humans live in very different environments from our ancestors and are subject to very different selective forces. The future evolutionary trajectory of current human populations is thus of both intellectual and pragmatic importance. The present simulation model sheds light on the short-term evolutionary dynamics of educational attainment, and demonstrates the significant contribution of systematically transmitted human culture in shaping the evolutionary paths and producing non-intuitive evolutionary outcomes.
Extended categorization of conjunction object stimuli decreases the latency of attentional feature selection and recruits orthography-linked ERPs
Authors: Folstein Jonathan R. , Monfared Shamsi S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of attention in driving perceptual expertise effects is controversial. The current study addressed the effect of training on ERP components related to and independent of attentional feature selection. Participants learned to categorize cartoon animals over six training sessions (8,800 trials) after which ERPs were recorded during a target detection task performed on trained and untrained stimulus sets. The onset of the selection negativity, an ERP component indexing attentional modulation, was about 60 ms earlier for trained than untrained stimuli. Trained stimuli also elicited centro-parietal N200 and N320 components that were insensitive to attentional feature selection. The scalp distribution and timecourse of these components were better matched by studies of orthography than object expertise. Source localization using eLORETA suggested that the strongest neural sources of the selection negativity were in right ventral temporal cortex whereas the strongest sources of the N200/N320 components were in left ventral temporal cortex, again consistent with the hypothesis that training recruited orthography related areas. Overall, training altered neural processes related to attentional selection, but also affected neural processes that were independent of feature selection.
Sex differences in chronic social stress models in mice
Authors: Furman Orit , Tsoory Michael , Chen Alon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic stress creates an allostatic overload that may lead to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Modern causes of chronic stress in humans are mostly social in nature, relating to work and relationship stress. Research into neural and molecular mechanisms of vulnerability and resilience following chronic social stress (CSS) is ongoing and uses animal models to discover efficient prevention strategies and treatments. To date, most CSS studies have neglected the female sex and used male-focused aggression-based animal models such as chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Accumulating evidence on sex differences suggests differences in the stress response, the prevalence of stress-related illness and the treatment response, indicating that researchers should expand CSS investigation to include female-focused protocols alongside the popular CSDS protocols. Here, we describe a novel female mouse model of CSS and a parallel modified male mouse model of CSDS in C57BL/6 mice. These new models enable the investigation of vulnerability, coping and downstream effectors mediating long-term consequences of CSS in both sexes. Our data demonstrate sex differences during CSS and for many weeks following CSS. Female mice are more prone to body weight loss during CSS and hyperactive anxious behavior following CSS. Both sexes show disturbances in social interaction, but only stressed male mice show long-term changes in neuroendocrine function and memory performance after fear conditioning. We discuss future avenues of research using these models to investigate mechanisms pertaining to sensitivity to CSS as well as treatment response profiles, in a sex-suitable manner.
Dynamic changes in Anterior Cingulate Cortex ensembles mark the transition from exploration to exploitation
Authors: Emberly Eldon , Seamans Jeremy K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to acquire knowledge about the value of stimuli or actions factors into simple foraging behaviors as well as complex forms of decision making. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is thought to be involved in these processes, although the manner in which neural representations acquire value is unclear. Here we recorded from ensembles of ACC neurons as rats learned which of 3 levers was rewarded each day through a trial and error process. Action representations remained largely stable during exploration, but there was an abrupt, coordinated and differential change in the representation of rewarded and nonrewarded levers by ACC neurons at the point where the rat realized which lever was rewarded and began to exploit it. Thus, rather than a gradual, incremental process, value learning in ACC can occur in an all-or-none manner and help to initiate strategic shifts in forging behavior.
CRISPR-GNL: an improved model for predicting CRISPR activity by machine learning and featurization
Authors: Wang Jun , Xiang Xi , Cheng Lixin , Zhang Xiuqing , Luo Yonglun 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMotivationThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has been broadly used in genetic engineering. However, risks of potential off-targets and the variability of on-target activity among different targets are two limiting factors. Several bioinformatic tools have been developed for CRISPR on-target activity and off-target prediction. However, the general application of the current prediction models is hampered by the great variation among different algorithms.ResultsIn this study, we thoroughly re-analyzed 13 published datasets with eight regression models. We proved that the current model gave very low cross-dataset and cross-species prediction outcome. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an improved model (a generalization score, GNL) based on normalized gene editing activity from 8,101 gRNAs and 2,488 features using Bayesian Ridge Regression model. Our results demonstrated that the GNL model is a better general algorithm for CRISPR on-target activity predictionAvailability and implementationThe prediction scorer is available on GitHub (https://github.com/TerminatorJ/GNL_Scorer).ContactJ.W. (wangjun6@genomics.cn) or Y.L. (luoyonglun@genomics.cn)Supplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Uncovering tissue-specific binding features from differential deep learning
Authors: Phuycharoen Mike , Zarrineh Peyman , Bridoux Laure , Amin Shilu , Losa Marta , Chen Ke , Bobola Nicoletta , Rattray Magnus 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMotivationTranscription factors (TFs) can bind DNA in a cooperative manner, enabling a mutual increase in occupancy. Through this type of interaction, alternative binding sites can be preferentially bound in different tissues to regulate tissue-specific expression programmes. Recently, deep learning models have become state-of-the-art in various pattern analysis tasks, including applications in the field of genomics. We therefore investigate the application of convolutional neural network (CNN) models to the discovery of sequence features determining cooperative and differential TF binding across tissues.ResultsWe analyse ChIP-seq data from MEIS, TFs which are broadly expressed across mouse branchial arches, and HOXA2, which is expressed in the second and more posterior branchial arches. By developing models predictive of MEIS differential binding in all three tissues we are able to accurately predict HOXA2 co-binding sites. We evaluate transfer-like and multitask approaches to regularising the high-dimensional classification task with a larger regression dataset, allowing for creation of deeper and more accurate models. We test the performance of perturbation and gradient-based attribution methods in identifying the HOXA2 sites from differential MEIS data. Our results show that deep regularised models significantly outperform shallow CNNs as well as k-mer methods in the discovery of tissue-specific sites bound in vivo.AvailabilityFor implementation and models please visit https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2635463.
Similar history biases for distinct prospective decisions of self-performance
Authors: Mei Ning , Rankine Sean , Olafsson Einar , Soto David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetacognition can be deployed retrospectively -to reflect on the correctness of our behavior- or prospectively -to make predictions of success in one’s future behavior or make decisions about strategies to solve future problems. We investigated the factors that determine prospective decision making. Human participants performed a visual discrimination task followed by ratings of visibility and response confidence. Prior to each trial, participants made prospective judgments. In Experiment 1, they rated their belief of future success. In Experiment 2, they rated their decision to adopt a focused attention state. Prospective beliefs of success were associated with no performance changes while prospective decisions to engage attention were followed by better self-evaluation of the correctness of behavioral responses. Using standard machine learning classifiers we found that the current prospective decision could be predicted from information concerning task-correctness, stimulus visibility and response confidence from previous trials. In both Experiments, awareness and confidence were more diagnostic of the prospective decision than task correctness. Notably, classifiers trained with prospective beliefs of success in Experiment 1 predicted decisions to engage in Experiment 2 and vice-versa. These results indicate that the formation of these seemingly different prospective decisions share a common, dynamic representational structure.
Derivation of Poly-Methylomic Profile Scores for Schizophrenia
Authors: Watkeys Oliver J. , Cohen-Woods Sarah , Quidé Yann , Cairns Murray J. , Overs Bronwyn , Fullerton Janice M. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share numerous clinical and biological features as well as environmental risk factors that may be associated with altered DNA methylation. In this study we sought to construct a Poly-Methylomic Profile Score (PMPS) for SZ, representing the degree of epigenome-wide methylation according to previously published findings; we then examined its association with SZ and BD in an independent sample. DNA methylation for 57 SZ, 59 BD cases and 55 healthy controls (HCs) was quantified using the Illumina 450K methylation beadchip. We constructed five PMPSs for different p-value thresholds using summary statistics reported in a large epigenome-wide schizophrenia case-control association study, weighted by individual CpG effect sizes. All SZ PMPSs were significantly elevated in SZ cases relative to HCs, with the score calculated at the most stringent threshold accounting for the greatest amount of variance in SZ (compared to other PMPSs derived at more inclusivep-value thresholds). However, none of the PMPSs were associated with BD, or a combined cohort of BD and SZ cases relative to HCs. Results demonstrating elevated PMPSs in SZ relative to BD did not survive correction for multiple testing. PMPSs were also not associated with positive or negative symptom severity. That this SZ-derived PMPSs was elevated among SZ, but not BD participants, suggests that epigenome-wide methylation patterns associated with schizophrenia may represent distinct pathophysiology that is yet to be elucidated. Whether this PMPS may be associated with neuroanatomical or other biological endophenotypes relevant to SZ and/or BD remains to be determined.
Investigation on the effect of sonic stimulation onXanthomonas campestrisat the whole transcriptome level
Authors: Patel Pooja , Joshi Chinmayi , Kothari Vijay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA gram-negative bacteriumXanthomonas campestriswas subjected to sonic stimulation with sound pertaining to 1000 Hz at three different sound intensities. TheX. campestrisculture subjected to sonic stimulation at 66 dB produced 1.69 fold higher exopolysaccharide. Whole transcriptome analysis of this sonic-stimulated culture revealed a total of 115 genes expressed differentially in the sonic-stimulated culture, majority of which were coding for different proteins including enzyme. This study demonstrates the property of the test bacterium of being responsive to sonic/vibrational stimulation.
Just benefits? Employee benefits and organisational justice
Authors: Laundon Melinda , Cathcart Abby , McDonald Paula 
Published: April 2019

PurposeEmployee reward is central to contemporary debates about work and employment relations; and in the context of ongoing wage stagnation, benefits represent a growing proportion of total reward value. Past studies have shown that when employees perceive benefits as unfair, this has a negative impact on engagement, performance and retention. Yet no previous studies have explored the components of a benefits system that influence employees’ fairness concerns. Using organisational justice as a theoretical lens, the purpose of this paper is to examine how dimensions of an employee benefits system influence the fairness perceptions of employees.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on a qualitative, inductive case study of the benefits system in a large finance and insurance company, drawing on three data sources: interviews with the company’s benefits managers, organisational documents and open-text responses from a benefits survey.FindingsThree dimensions of the benefits system strongly influenced fairness perceptions – constraints on accessing and utilising benefits; prosocial perceptions about the fairness of benefits to third parties; and the transparency of employee benefits.Practical implicationsThe study informs organisations and benefits managers about the important role of supervisors in perceived benefits usability, and how benefits may be managed and communicated to enhance employee fairness perceptions.Originality/valueThis study makes a conceptual contribution to the benefits literature through a detailed exploration of the type of organisational justice judgements that employees make about benefits; and identifying for the first time prosocial fairness concerns about the impact of benefits on third parties.
Relationship between prestige signals and over-subscription ratio
Authors: Albada Ali , Yong Othman , Low Soo-Wah 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether initial public offering (IPO) over-subscription is a function of firm’s prestige signals conveyed by third parties with reputational capital such as underwriter, auditor and independent non-executive board member.Design/methodology/approachThe relationship between prestige signals and over-subscription ratio (OSR) of IPOs is analysed using a cross-sectional regression based on a sample of 393 IPOs issued between January 2000 and December 2015.FindingsThe results indicate that IPOs underwritten by reputable underwriters have lower OSR than those underwritten by non-reputable underwriters. While issuer engages reputable underwriter to certify firm quality to reduce information asymmetry, the action brings with it lower initial returns for its IPO. Investors interpret the signal conveyed by issuer’s choice of underwriter from under-pricing perspective and respond accordingly by reducing IPO demand. This implies that investors regard under-pricing as a more valuable signal than firm quality signal associated with underwriter reputation. The findings also indicate that over-subscription increases in IPOs that have above average initial returns and higher institutional participation. Issuing firms that go public in a period of high IPO volume are associated with low OSR.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to examine the relationship between the prestige signals and OSR of IPOs in the Malaysian context.
Examining the willingness of youths to participate in agriculture to halt the rising rate of unemployment in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Fawole Wasiu Olayinka , Ozkan Burhan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the willingness of unemployed graduates to participate in agriculture with a view to showcase the potentials in Nigerian agriculture especially in the area of employment generation for the youths.

Design/methodology/approach
The study made use of primary data collected with the aid of structured questionnaires from 180 respondents from the three states of Ondo; Oyo and Osun states are the representative states from the entire South West. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify those factors that influence the willingness of the respondents who were graduates of various disciplines to participate in agriculture.

Findings
The findings of the study showed that the majority of the respondents interviewed representing 62.8 percent were unemployed with the majority of the respondents (68.3 percent) willing to participate in agriculture given the needed and required supports such as conducive environment by the stakeholders particularly the government. Educational status, marital status, gender, possession of agricultural training and employment status of respondents significantly influenced their willingness to participate in agriculture.

Research limitations/implications
The greatest limitation of this study is its sample size which is considerably small but considering the peculiarity in the challenges faced by the entire population; this limitation has been overcome, thus, making its findings valid for policy purposes. However, recommendations for further studies that would comprise the entire geopolitical zones of the country to pave way for comparative analysis were made.

Originality/value
The study is originally carried out by conducting a survey to collect the data and is coming to fill the existing gap in the literature in terms of potentials embedded in Nigerian agriculture to assist the government in providing employment opportunities for teeming youths.
Looking at the taxation effect on cross-state smuggling using rational addiction models
Authors: Swan Tina Ting , Sun Bruce Qiang , Floss Frederick 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how the taxation effect on cross-state smuggling can be a valid instrumental variable for lagged and future consumption together with the local price series.

Design/methodology/approach
On the same grounds, the authors raise the question using the rational-addiction model by noticing that the neighboring price differentials really capture the possible smuggling or bootlegging effects.

Findings
Moreover, the authors look into the extended model to test the key condition that the expected future financial consequences will affect the current consumptions.

Originality/value
This supports the rational-addiction model, which can be used to plan the taxation for the forward-looking consumptions.
A review of demand forecasting models and methodological developments within tourism and passenger transportation industry
Authors: Ghalehkhondabi Iman , Ardjmand Ehsan , Young William A. , Weckman Gary R. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the current literature in the field of tourism demand forecasting.Design/methodology/approachPublished papers in the high quality journals are studied and categorized based their used forecasting method.FindingsThere is no forecasting method which can develop the best forecasts for all of the problems. Combined forecasting methods are providing better forecasts in comparison to the traditional forecasting methods.Originality/valueThis paper reviews the available literature from 2007 to 2017. There is not such a review available in the literature.
A multi-criteria decision-making framework for agriculture supply chain risk management under a circular economy context
Authors: Yazdani Morteza , Gonzalez Ernesto D.R.S. , Chatterjee Prasenjit 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The implementation of circular economy strategies is one of the central objectives of several governments seeking a transition toward a sustainable development. Circular economy in agriculture deals with the production of agricultural commodities making an efficient use of resources and avoiding unnecessary waste and carbon emission generation. Disruptions in the production and supply of critical agricultural products can have serious negative repercussions for firms and consumers of the food supply chain. In recent decades, disruptions generated by natural disasters such as hurricanes, thunderstorms and floods have greatly impacted social communities and industrial sectors. Supply chain risks approaches are seen to contribute key elements to address the impacts of natural disaster toward the implementation of circular economy in agriculture, helping to prevent collapses in the production and supply of food. The purpose of this paper is to study and identify flood risk drivers and their effects on the sustainability of an agriculture supply chain in connection with a circular economy strategy. By using an extended Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis method combined with a multi-criteria decision analysis, the most essential flood drivers with a degree of importance are reported here. Then, the authors propose an Evaluation of Data based on average ASsessment method, to rank different agricultural projects that pretend to mitigate the flood risks and its impacts on crop areas. The application of this research lies within the framework of a real agricultural project founded by the European Commission Scientific Section, called RUC-APS.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use management science-based tools to address circular economy in agriculture. The authors propose a multi-criteria-based methodology to assess the risks of flooding in crops areas. To validate the proposed methodology, a case example from Spain is discussed to rank different agricultural projects that pretend to mitigate the flood risks and its impacts on crop areas.

Findings
The proposed multi-criteria methodology confirmed a successful application to rank different agricultural projects that pretend to mitigate the flood risks and its impacts on crop areas. Organizations and firms in the agricultural business can use the methodology to identify risks drivers and to detect the best projects to mitigate the highest impacts of flooding risks in crops areas.

Originality/value
The authors use supply chain risks approaches to address the impacts of natural disaster on the implementation of circular economy in agriculture. The authors propose a robust multi-criteria-based methodology to assess the risks of flooding in crops areas and we used to determine the best mitigating projects to face flooding risks on crop areas.