bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and protective factors for the course of post-traumatic stress disorder in frontline workers after the Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake
Authors: McBride David , Porter Nancy , Lovelock Kirsten , Shepherd Daniel , Zubizaretta Maria , Burch James 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe risk and protective factors for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced over a 1.5-year period among both frontline and “non-traditional” responders to the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal survey administered to Christchurch workers with referents from the city of Hamilton at 6, 12 and 18 months after the 2011 earthquake. Potential risk and protective determinants were assessed by questionnaire items at baseline and over time, the outcome being PTSD as assessed by the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A longitudinal latent class analysis identified groups with similar trajectories of PTSD.

Findings
A total of 226 individuals, 140 (26 per cent) from Christchurch and 86 (16 per cent) from Hamilton, participated at baseline, 180 at 12 and 123 at 18 months, non-traditional responders forming the largest single group. Two latent classes emerged, with PTSD (21 per cent) and without PTSD (79 per cent), with little change over the 18-month period. Class membership was predicted by high scores in the Social Support and Impact of Events scale items, Health-related Quality of Life scores being protective. PTSD scores indicative of distress were found in females, and predicted by burnout risk, behavioural disengagement and venting.

Practical implications
Non-traditional responders should be screened for PTSD. Social support should be considered with the promotion of adaptive coping mechanisms.

Originality/value
The strength was longitudinal follow-up over an 18-month period, with demonstration of how the potential determinants influenced the course of PTSD over time.
Does “meaningful gamification” address gen Y needs? Exploring its influence on creating meaningful engagement for gen Y workers
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pratishtha , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Pradhan Sajeet 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review the role of “meaningful gamification” in creating meaningful experience to engage Gen Y workers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a critical, practitioner perspective to review the role of “meaningful gamification” in creating meaningful experience to engage Gen Y workers.

Findings
The author argues that “meaningful gamification” holds the potential to address Gen Y needs. In that way, it creates a base of personal relevance for the Gen Ys to relate with their own work. This ultimately translates into a meaningful experience for the employees to cherish their work.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Strategic knowledge management and enterprise social media
Authors: Archer-Brown Chris , Kietzmann Jan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine if (and how), enterprise social media (ESM) can be understood as a strategic knowledge management phenomenon to improve organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses intellectual capital theory and its functional building blocks to organize different types of the ESM platforms, based on secondary data. It then connects these findings to the underling intellectual capital tenets to introduce a conceptual model that explicates how ESM impacts strategic knowledge management, and vice versa.

Findings
This paper concludes that ESM provides a unique complement to traditional strategic knowledge management. The authors argue that ESM differs substantially from other contexts in which intellectual capital has been applied, and extend intellectual capital with three appropriate dimensions (human, social and structural capital). Given the potentially disruptive nature of ESM, this framework helps firms understand the nature of the changes that are needed.

Originality/value
The paper provides the first review of the business needs that are served by the software functions and management processes under the ESM banner. This original contribution takes the intellectual capital and strategic knowledge management discussions from their usual high levels of abstraction and relates them to the real world of ESM, focusing on outcomes. Its unique “Intellectual Capital Framework for the Socially Oriented Enterprise” includes distinct, testable propositions that provide a practical approach to strategically planning, implementing and optimizing ESM.
Plant endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant competition
Authors: Zhou Yong , Li Xia , Gao Yuan , Liu Hui , Gao Yu‐Bao , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Ren An‐Zhi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn nature, grasses simultaneously establish multiple symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The effect of these multiple interactions on competitive interactions between plants remains poorly understood.In this study, we tested whether endophytes andAMF(Glomus mosseaeorGlomus etunicatum) alter plant competition between a subordinate plant species that associates with both symbionts (Achnatherum sibiricum) and a dominant plant species,Stipa grandis, that only associates with one symbiont (AMF). And we hypothesized that endophytes can facilitate the coexistence of the subordinate plant species (A. sibiricum) and the dominant plant species (S. grandis).The results demonstrated that endophyte infection significantly enhanced the competitive ability of the subordinate plant species compared to the dominant plant species. The effects ofAMFon plant competition were variable and depended on the identity of theAMFspecies.Glomus etunicatumgaveA. sibiricumplants a higher competitive ability, whileG. mosseaegaveS. grandisa higher competitive ability. Simultaneous infections of both endophytes andAMFinA. sibiricumalso altered the competitive relationships withS. grandis.In conclusion, these results suggest that endophytic fungi can facilitate the coexistence of a subordinate plant species with a dominant plant species. Moreover, endophytes could not only affect the competitive ability of the host plant directly but also indirectly by interacting with differentAMFto change the growth of competing plant species.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Structural controls on photosynthetic capacity through juvenile‐to‐adult transition and needle ageing in Mediterranean pines
Authors: Kuusk Vivian , Niinemets Ülo , Valladares Fernando 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeedle photosynthetic potentials strongly vary among primary (juvenile) and secondary (adult) needles (heteroblasty) inPinusspecies, but there is limited understanding of the underlying structural, diffusional and chemical controls.We studied differences in needle photosynthetic characteristics among current‐year juvenile and adult needles and among different‐aged adult needles in Mediterranean pinesPinus halepensisMill.,P. pineaL. andP. nigraJ. F. Arnold subsp.salzmannii(Dunal) Franco, hypothesizing that needle anatomical modifications upon juvenile‐to‐adult transition lead to reduced photosynthetic capacity due to greater limitation of photosynthesis by mesophyll conductance and due to an increase in the share of support tissues at the expense of photosynthetic tissues. We also hypothesized that such alterations occur with needle ageing, but to a lower degree.Photosynthetic capacity per dry mass was 2.4‐ to 2.7‐fold higher in juvenile needles, and this was associated with 3.4‐ to 3.7‐fold greater mesophyll diffusion conductance, 2‐ to 2.5‐fold greater maximum carboxylase activity of Rubisco (Vcmax) and 2.2‐ to 3‐fold greater capacity for photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax). The latter differences were driven by modifications in mesophyll volume fraction and changes in the share of nitrogen between structural and photosynthetic functions. Analogous changes in photosynthetic characteristics occurred with needle ageing, but their extent was less.These results indicate that conifer foliage photosynthetic machinery undergoes a profound change from a fast return strategy in juveniles to slow return stress‐resistant strategy in adults and that this strategy shift is driven by modifications in foliage biomass investments in support and photosynthetic functions as well as by varying mesophyll diffusional controls on photosynthesis. Changes in needle morphophysiotype during tree and needle ageing need consideration in predicting changes in tree photosynthetic potentials through tree ontogeny and during and among growing seasons.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Patterns of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in the wide elevation range of the alpine plant Arabis alpina
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Mouterde Médéric , Gaggiotti Oscar E. , Till‐Bottraud Irène 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two important characteristics of alpine plants to overcome the threats caused by global changes. Among alpine species, Arabis alpina is characterised by an unusually wide altitudinal amplitude, ranging from 800 to 3,100 m of elevation in the French Alps. Two non‐exclusive hypotheses can explain the presence of A. alpina across this broad ecological gradient: adaptive phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation, making this species especially useful to better understand these phenomena in alpine plant species.

We carried out common garden experiments at two different elevations with maternal progenies from six sites that differed in altitude. We showed that (1) key phenotypic traits (morphotype, total fruit length, growth, height) display significant signs of local adaptation, (2) most traits studied are characterised by a high phenotypic plasticity between the two experimental gardens and (3) the two populations from the highest elevations lacked morphological plasticity compared to the other populations.

By combining two genome scan approaches (detection of selection and association methods), we isolated a candidate gene (Sucrose‐Phosphate Synthase 1). This gene was associated with height and local average temperature in our studied populations, consistent with previous studies on this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Synthesis. Given the nature of the traits involved in the detected pattern of local adaptation and the relative lack of plasticity of the two most extreme populations, our findings are consistent with a scenario of a locally adaptive stress response syndrome in high elevation populations. Due to a reduced phenotypic plasticity, an overall low intra‐population genetic diversity of the adaptive traits and weak gene flow, populations of high altitude might have difficulties to cope with, e.g. a rise of temperature.
Xanthomonas citri T6SS mediates resistance to Dictyostelium predation and is regulated by an ECF σ factor and cognate Ser/Thr kinase
Authors: Bayer‐Santos Ethel , Lima Lídia dos Passos , Ceseti Lucas de Moraes , Ratagami Camila Yuri , de Santana Eliane Silva , da Silva Aline Maria , Farah Chuck Shaker , Alvarez‐Martinez Cristina Elisa 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPlant‐associated bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas cause disease in a wide range of economically important crops. However, their ability to persist in the environment is still poorly understood. Predation by amoebas represents a major selective pressure to bacterial populations in the environment. In this study, we show that the X. citri type 6 secretion system (T6SS) promotes resistance to predation by the soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We found that an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor (EcfK) is required for induction of T6SS genes during interaction with Dictyostelium. EcfK homologues are found in several environmental bacteria in association with a gene encoding a eukaryotic‐like Ser/Thr kinase (pknS). Deletion of pknS causes sensitivity to amoeba predation and abolishes induction of T6SS genes. Phosphomimetic mutagenesis of EcfK identified a threonine residue (T51) that renders EcfK constitutively active in standard culture conditions. Moreover, susceptibility of ΔpknS to Dictyostelium predation can be overcome by expression of the constitutively active version EcfKT51E from a multicopy plasmid. Together, these results describe a new regulatory cascade in which PknS functions through activation of EcfK to promote T6SS expression. Our work reveals an important aspect of Xanthomonas physiology that affects its ability to persist in the environment.
The politics of international redistribution: Explaining public support for fiscal transfers in the EU
Authors: KLEIDER HANNA , STOECKEL FLORIAN 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs a consequence of the Eurozone crisis and the creation of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), the prospect of a transfer union has become a particularly contested aspect of European integration. How should one understand the public backlash against fiscal transfers? And, what explains voter preferences for international transfers more generally? Using data from the 2014 European Elections Study (EES), this article describes the first cross‐national analysis of voters’ preferences on international transfers. The analysis reveals a strong association between voters’ non‐economic cultural orientations (i.e., their cosmopolitanism) and their position on transfers. At the same time, it is found that voters’ economic left‐right orientations are crucial for a fuller understanding of the public conflict over transfers. This counters previous research that finds economic left‐right orientations to be of little explanatory value. This study demonstrates that the association between economic left‐right orientations and preferences for international transfers is conditional on a person's social class. Among citizens in a high‐income class an economically left‐leaning position is associated with support for transfers, whereas it is associated with opposition to transfers among citizens in a low‐income class.
When parasitoids deal with the spatial distribution of their hosts: consequences for both partners
Authors: Louâpre Philippe , Le Lann Cécile , Hance Thierry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInsect parasitoids developing inside hosts face a true challenge: hosts are scattered in the field and their localization and selection require the use of complex and sometime confusing information. It was assumed for a long time that small‐brained organisms like parasitoids have evolved simple and efficient behavioral mechanisms, leading them to be adapted to a given ecological situation, for example, the spatial distribution of hosts in the habitat. However, hosts are not static and their distribution may also vary through generations and within the life of parasitoid individuals. We investigated if and how parasitoids deal with such a spatial complexity in a mesocosm experiment. We used theAphidius rhopalosiphi/Sitobion avenaeparasitoid/host system to investigate if parasitoid females experiencing different host aggregation levels exhibit different foraging behaviors independently of the number of hosts in the environment. We showed thatA. rhopalosiphifemales exploited hosts more intensively both within and among patches at higher host aggregation levels. We discussed the adaptiveness of such behaviors in the light of evolution and biological control.
Inactivation of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Listeria Innocua by Benzoic Acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Their Combination in Model Wash Water and Simulated Spinach Washing
Authors: Alborzi Solmaz , Bastarrachea Luis J. , Ding Qiao , Tikekar Rohan V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn antimicrobial effect of benzoic acid (BA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated as a potential antimicrobial treatment against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria innocua. A 30 min exposure to the combination of 15 mM BA and 1 mM EDTA at 22 °C resulted in approximately 3 logarithmic reductions in stationary phase E. coli O157:H7. Logarithmic phase E. coli O157:H7 was more sensitive (P < 0.05) to the treatment and 1 mM EDTA alone caused more than 5 logarithmic reductions. L. innocua was also sensitive to a treatment with 15 mM BA alone, which induced 5 logarithmic reductions. By increasing the temperature of the solution containing 15 mM BA and 1 mM EDTA to 40 °C, more than 5 logarithmic reductions in stationary phase E. coli O157:H7 was observed after 5 min of treatment. However, the antimicrobial effect was attenuated (reaching less than 1 logarithmic reductions) at 4 °C. In addition, the combined BA and EDTA treatment retained its antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 for at least 6 cycles of treatment over 6 days at room temperature (22 °C). In a simulated spinach washing study, 15 mM BA and 1 mM EDTA together were able to prevent cross‐contamination of E. coli O157:H7. The results highlight the potential use of combination of BA (15 mM) and EDTA (1 mM) to address microbial risk from E. coli O157:H7 and L. innocua in fresh produce industry.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of benzoic acid (BA) and EDTA mixture in inactivating bacteria in the water used for produce washing and reducing the incidence of cross‐contamination during washing of fresh produce. Use of BA + EDTA mixture has significant benefits such as: (a) ability to be reused, (b) effectiveness in the presence of organic matter, and (c) reduced need of monitoring wash water conditions such as pH, concentration and organic matter.
Aerated Steam Sanitization of Whole Fresh Cantaloupes Reduces and Controls Rind‐Associated Listeria but Enhances Fruit Susceptibility to Secondary Colonization
Authors: Bezanson Greg S. , Ells Timothy C. , Fan Lihua , Forney Charles F. , LeBlanc Denyse I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent bacterial illnesses and outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh and fresh‐cut fruit and vegetables emphasize the need to supply produce that is microbiologically safe while retaining its quality and nutrient value. We assessed the capacity of aerated steam to reduce initial levels and control the posttreatment proliferation of a 4‐strain mixture of Listeria innocua, a surrogate for L. monocytogenes, and microflora native to the rind of whole cantaloupes. Studies were conducted at the pilot‐scale level by passing deliberately contaminated melons through a prototype stainless‐steel, continuous‐feed heating device. Exposure for 240 s to aerated steam heated to 85 °C achieved a mean reduction in surface‐inoculated L. innocua of 3.9 ± 0.6 log10 CFU/cm2 (n = 3) and decreased background microorganisms (yeast, moulds, and coliforms) to undetectable levels. No significant outgrowth of surviving L. innocua or yeast and moulds was observed on heat‐treated melons during their storage at 4, 7, and 10 °C for 14 days. Treated fruit continued to respire. Although rind quality was altered, edible fleshy portions remained largely unaffected. Cantaloupe inoculated with L. innocua subsequent to its exposure to aerated steam provided a suitable environment for surrogate growth (mean 3.3 log10 increase in rind density over 10 days at 7 °C), whereas its proliferation was restricted on nonheated cantaloupe (mean 0.7 log10 increase). Steam sanitization provides an effective means for the control of pathogen and spoilage organisms, but the proliferation of surrogate organisms on heated cantaloupes raises concern regarding the impact of postprocessing contamination on consumer health risk.Practical ApplicationWater vapor (steam) at a high temperature can be used to sanitize the surface of fresh, whole cantaloupe melons in a continuous‐feed manner. Both Listeria bacteria and spoilage organisms are markedly reduced from initial levels and survivor outgrowth severely restricted during subsequent refrigerated storage. This approach to microorganism control is likely most applicable in situations where rinds and flesh are to be separated immediately via further processing.
Effects of microRNA‐133b on retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through angiotensinogen‐mediated angiotensin II‐ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signalling pathway in rats with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liu Tao‐Tao , Hao Qian , Zhang Yan , Li Zhao‐Hui , Cui Zhi‐Hua , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore the effects of microRNA‐133b (miR‐133b) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) by targeting angiotensinogen (AGT) through the angiotensin‐II (AngII) extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling pathway in rats.MethodsThe DR rat model was established using retinal tissues of DR rats and normal rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein expressions of AGT and CD34 in retinal tissues. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting were applied to detect miR‐133b expression, AGT, AngII, ERK1/2 mRNA, and protein expressions in tissues and cells after transfection. Retinal vascular endothelial cells were cultured and divided into normal, blank, miR‐133b mimics, miR‐133b mimics negative control (NC), miR‐133b inhibitors, miR‐133b inhibitors NC, siRNA NC, siRNA‐AGT, and miR‐133b inhibitors + siRNA‐AGT groups. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with normal rats, AGT and CD34 were expressed more frequently in DR rats. MicroRNA (miR)‐133b expression was downregulated but AGT, AngII, ERK1 and ERK2 mRNA expressions were upregulated in retinal tissues of DR rats. When compared to the normal group, all other groups displayed decreased cell proliferation, increased cell number in G0/G1, decreased cell number in S stage, increased cell apoptosis rate and declined miR‐133b expression. As well, significant increased expressions of AGT and the AngII‐ERK1/2 pathway‐related proteins were observed in retinal vascular endothelial cells in all groups except the normal group. The miR‐133b mimics and siRNA‐AGT groups had increased cell proliferation, decreased cell number in the G0/G1 phase, increased cell number in S stage, decreased cell apoptosis rate and decreased expressions of AGT and AngII‐ERK1/2 pathway‐related proteins than the miR‐133b inhibitors + siRNA‐AGT group. The miR‐133b inhibitors group exhibited opposite trends compared with the miR‐133b mimics and siRNA‐AGT groups.ConclusionThe study provides data to suggest that miR‐133b induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells by targeting AGT through the AngII‐ERK1/2 signalling pathway in DR rats.