bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variability and assessment of drought in the Wei River basin of China
Authors: Cai Siyang , Zuo Depeng , Xu Zongxue , Han Xianming , Gao Xiaoxi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The temporal and spatial variations of drought in the Wei River basin (WRB)
were investigated by calculating the meteorological drought Index
(Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI) and the agricultural drought index
(Vegetation Health Index, VHI). Monthly precipitation and air temperature
were from 22 meteorological stations over the region from 1960 to 2015.
Monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and 8-days Land Surface
Temperature (LST) were provided from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) for the period 2000–2015 were also adopted. The
results showed that the drought initially increased and then decreased,
reaching at the maximum value in 1990s. The spatial pattern of meteorological
drought showed that the drought in northern WRB was heavier than that in
southern WRB before 1990s, after that, the situation had the opposite. By
comparing the agricultural drought index (VHI) with crop yield, it was proved
that VHI was applicable in the WRB and could well reflect the fluctuation of
agricultural drought. The WRB suffered from serious agricultural drought in
2000, 2001, 2007 and 2008. Through analysis of the historical precipitation
and temperature data, it was found that precipitation had a greater
contribution to creating agricultural drought conditions than temperature in
the Wei River basin.
Separation of soil respiration: a site-specific comparison of partition methods
Authors: Comeau Louis-Pierre , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Cui Jane Jinglan , Farmer Jenny 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Without accurate data on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), assessments of
soil carbon (C) sequestration rate and C balance are challenging to produce.
Accordingly, it is essential to determine the contribution of the different
sources of the total soil CO2 efflux (Rs) in different ecosystems,
but to date, there are still many uncertainties and unknowns regarding the
soil respiration partitioning procedures currently available. This study
compared the suitability and relative accuracy of five different Rs
partitioning methods in a subtropical forest: (1) regression between root
biomass and CO2 efflux, (2) lab incubations with minimally
disturbed soil microcosm cores, (3) root exclusion bags with hand-sorted
roots, (4) root exclusion bags with intact soil blocks and (5) soil
δ13C–CO2 natural abundance. The relationship
between Rh and soil moisture and temperature was also investigated. A
qualitative evaluation table of the partition methods with five performance
parameters was produced. The Rs was measured weekly from 3 February to
19 April 2017 and found to average
6.1 ± 0.3 MgCha-1yr-1. During this period, the Rh
measured with the in situ mesh bags with intact soil blocks and hand-sorted
roots was estimated to contribute 49 ± 7 and 79 ± 3 % of
Rs,
respectively. The Rh percentages estimated with the root biomass regression,
microcosm incubation and δ13C–CO2 natural abundance
were 54 ± 41, 8–17 and 61 ± 39 %, respectively. Overall,
no systematically superior or inferior Rs partition method was found. The
paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each technique with the
conclusion that combining two or more methods optimizes Rh assessment
reliability.
Snow depth on Arctic sea ice from historical in situ data
Authors: Shalina Elena V. , Sandven Stein 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The snow data from the Soviet airborne expeditions Sever in the
Arctic collected over several decades in March, April and May have been
analyzed in this study. The Sever data included more measurements and covered
a much wider area, particularly in the Eurasian marginal seas (Kara Sea,
Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea), compared to the Soviet North
Pole drifting stations. The latter collected data mainly in the central part
of the Arctic Basin. The following snow parameters have been analyzed:
average snow depth on the level ice (undisturbed snow) height and area of
sastrugi, depth of snow dunes attached to ice ridges and depth of snow on
hummocks. In the 1970s–1980s, in the central Arctic, the average depth of
undisturbed snow was 21.2 cm, the depth of sastrugi (that occupied about
30 % of the ice surface) was 36.2 cm and the average depth of snow near
hummocks and ridges was about 65 cm. For the marginal seas, the average depth
of undisturbed snow on the level ice varied from 9.8 cm in the Laptev Sea to
15.3 cm in the East Siberian Sea, which had a larger fraction of multiyear
ice. In the marginal seas the spatial variability of snow depth was
characterized by standard deviation varying between 66 and 100 %. The
average height of sastrugi varied from 23 cm to about 32 cm with standard
deviation between 50 and 56 %. The average area covered by sastrugi in
the marginal seas was estimated to be 36.5 % of the total ice area where
sastrugi were observed. The main result of the study is a new snow depth
climatology for the late winter using data from both the Sever expeditions
and the North Pole drifting stations. The snow load on the ice observed by
Sever expeditions has been described as a combination of the depth of
undisturbed snow on the level ice and snow depth of sastrugi weighted in
proportion to the sastrugi area. The height of snow accumulated near the ice
ridges was not included in the calculations because there are no estimates of
the area covered by those features from the Sever expeditions. The effect of
not including that data can lead to some underestimation of the average snow
depth. The new climatology refines the description of snow depth in the
central Arctic compared to the results by Warren et al. (1999) and provides
additional detailed data in the marginal seas. The snow depth climatology is
based on 94 % Sever data and 6 % North Pole data. The new climatology
shows lower snow depth in the central Arctic comparing to Warren climatology
and more detailed data in the Eurasian seas.
Four new species of Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870 (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae) from the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Vilarino Albane , Cavalcante Bruna Maria Silva , Dumas Leandro Lourenço , Nessimian Jorge Luiz 
Published: June 2018

Four new species of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) Brauer, 1870 from the Atlantic forest are diagnosed, described and illustrated. All of them have a small mesal sclerite and a set of spines, differing in size, density and position, on the inner face of the inferior appendage. Moreover, tergum IX varies mostly in the shape of the posterior margin. Four species are described as new for science. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) copacabana sp. nov. is distinguished mainly by the projected basoventral margin of the inferior appendage, the spines are clustered in two regions and the quadrate posterior region of tergum IX. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) maracanan sp. nov is differentiated by the inferior appendage, with a strongly angled apical region of 90º. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) redentor sp. nov. differs by the inferior appendage, with a linear row of thick spines, and the tergum IX, with a posterior margin forming smoothly rounded lobes. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) tijuca sp. nov. is diagnosed by the subbasal region of the preanal appendage, which is markedly projected medially, and by the inferior appendage, which is thin subapically, enlarged apically and strongly bent dorsad.
Collections as data: Implications for enclosure
Authors: Padilla Thomas G. 
Published: June 2018

In recent years a growing amount of interest has been dedicated to collections as data. A collections as data paradigm seeks to foster an expanded set of research, pedagogical, and artistic potential predicated on the computational use of cultural heritage collections. Collections as data raises the question of what it might mean to treat digitized and born digital collections as data rather than simple surrogates of physical objects or static representations of digital experience.
La situación cambiante de la universidad en la era digital
Authors: Sancho Gil Juana M. , Ornellas Adriana , Arrazola Carballo Judith 
Published: June 2018

En los últimos cuarenta años se han producido extensos y profundos cambios políticos, económicos, sociales y tecnológicos, mediados por los movimientos neoconservadores y el aparentemente imparable desarrollo de la tecnología digital. Aunque, al mismo tiempo, temas fundamentales como las relaciones asimétricas de poder, la desigualdad, la pobreza y la exclusión no sólo han permanecido inalterables, sino que se están acentuando, produciendo, en ciertos aspectos, movimientos y tendencias de cambio involutivo. Desde esta perspectiva, en este artículo, comenzamos dialogando sobre el sentido de los cambios en la universidad, a partir de las aportaciones de distintos autores interesados en el tema. Seguimos situando la problemática considerando los efectos de las transformaciones producidas por las tecnologías digitales en la vida y la experiencia profesional de los docentes e investigadores universitarios. La investigación llevada a cabo nos permite situar el impacto de la proliferación sin precedentes de la información y el uso de aplicaciones digitales en la noción de conocimiento y en los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, así como vislumbrar los desafíos que se le presentan a la universidad. El texto finaliza con la consideración de algunos de los retos y perspectivas universitarias actuales, a partir de distintos estudios y propuestas internacionales. Nuestras conclusiones invitan al lector a reconsiderar necesariamente el sentido y el papel de la tecnología digital, no solo en la transformación aparentemente inevitable de la universidad, sino también en el de la sociedad.
Las tecnologías digitales y su impacto en la Universidad. Las nuevas mediaciones
Authors: De Pablos Pons Juan 
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo propone una reflexión sobre la evolución de los medios en la era digital, y la necesidad de avanzar en el conocimiento sobre los procesos de mediación y remediación, que propician las nuevas tecnologías, diferenciándolos de los generados hasta ahora por los medios analógicos tradicionales (libro impreso, cine, televisión). La digitalización ha dado lugar a nuevas realidades y propuestas, como las redes sociales, los videojuegos o las aplicaciones de realidad aumentada. El siguiente paso en nuestra cultura de medios está siendo la multiplicación y diversificación continuada de formatos, y por tanto de nuevas formas de interacción mediada. Los procesos de mediación generados contribuyen a la modificación de modelos de comunicación y también formas de enseñanza. Es evidente su impacto en las instituciones educativas, y en la universidad. Como contribución a este análisis se aporta y define el concepto de remediación tecnológica. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) representan, bajo las consideraciones aquí formuladas, una oportunidad de cambio en algunos aspectos y procedimientos de los mandatos principales de la universidad: docencia, investigación y gestión. Ser proactivo ante esta nueva realidad es determinante, ya que la capacidad de adaptación está vinculada a la supervivencia de la propia universidad.
RIED. Una historia de 30 años de publicación científica
Authors: García Aretio Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

La “Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia” (AIESAD) es, probablemente, la más relevante de las organizaciones centradas en la educación abierta y a distancia en Iberoamérica y fundada en 1980. Uno de los objetivos fundamentales que se propuso lograr esta asociación fue el de crear una publicación académica periódica como medio ideal para la divulgación científica y mejora de los procesos educativos no presenciales. Así, en 1982 se crea el “Boletín Informativo de la Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia”. Este boletín puso las bases para el nacimiento real de una revista científica, la “Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia” (RIESAD) cuyo primer número fue publicado en 1988 y el último en 1996, con un total de 172 artículos. En 1998 esta publicación se actualizó bajo un nombre similar, “RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia” que, en la actualidad, adaptándola a los tiempos, lleva el subtítulo de “Revista Iberoamericana de la Educación Digital” y que hasta este número actual ha publicado un total de 513 artículos. Por tanto, 30 años de historia (1988-2018) de una publicación científica, con un total de 685 trabajos que vieron la luz sobre educación a distancia y tecnologías digitales aplicadas a la enseñanza y al aprendizaje.
Penser avec Peirce la conception architecturale
Authors: Genard Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2018

A partir d’une expérience de fréquentations d’architectes, et plus spécialement de l’enseignement de l’architecture, cette contribution, en s’appuyant sur la sémiotique peircienne, propose de construire un appareillage conceptuel permettant de comprendre comment s’opère le travail architectural, en particulier comment peut se saisir la « boîte noire » du travail de conception, de design. Le pari de l’article est de réfléchir, à partir des catégories peirciennes, ce que composer veut dire comme un processus sémiotique dans lequel le travail de conception navigue constamment entre icone, indice et symbole. Cette approche permet de faire droit à la fois, au travers d’un rapport dominant au concept de symbole, aux multiples conventions sur lesquelles s’étaye la conception, mais aussi, au travers des concepts d’icone et d’indice, à la large part d’intelligence infra-discursive, infra-propositionnelle dont elle se nourrit. Dans un contexte où la spécificité du travail architectural se voit menacée par la concurrence déjà ancienne avec les ingénieurs, mais de plus en plus avec les spécialistes de la conception assistée par ordinateur, ou encore avec les designers, sans parler de la montée des processus de co-design dans lesquels la compétence propre de l’architecte pourrait se perdre, le texte cherche à cerner ce qui constitue le propre de la conception architecturale, une compétence acquise patiemment au travers de ce que permet de cerner l’idée d’une formation pensée comme « entraînement », dans ces espaces apprêtés que sont les « ateliers», les « workshops »...
L’abduction de Peirce comme mode d’inférence et comme méthode et stratégie de recherche en sociologie : l’expérience de la négociation sociale en Belgique
Authors: Hallée Yves , Klitsch Arthur , Vandewattyne Jean 
Published: June 2018

Ce texte se veut une proposition épistémo-méthodologique du pragmatiste peircien comme mode de recherche en sociologie et notamment pour la négociation sociale. Son apport est double. Tout d’abord, l’abduction, comme mode d’inférence et comme méthode qui combine les trois types de raisonnements, abductif, déductif et inductif, permet de faire émerger une hypothèse, une habitude d’action propre à apaiser le doute et atteindre la croyance. Ensuite, sur un plan épistémologique, il invite le chercheur à explorer dans la réalité, l’articulation entre significations et situations, pensées et actions. C’est une posture qui rend caduque la querelle des méthodes entre la déduction et l’induction, pour proposer une méthode alternative basée sur un processus de production de connaissance axé sur l’activité humaine et l’expérimentation. Des hypothèses explicatives sont confrontées avec des « objectivités » situationnelles, tout autant par les acteurs participant à la négociation sociale que les chercheurs qui en font l’expérience pour la décoder et la rapporter. Enfin, la négociation sociale est un objet qui se prête parfaitement au pragmatisme considérant que c’est une expérience qui renvoie à une autre expérience, qui se renouvelle sans cesse, et qui génère des redéfinitions en continu des conditions, stratégies et enjeux. De surcroît, la négociation sociale un exercice qui permet une projection dans l’avenir, conception dérivée de la maxime du pragmatiste.
Les besoins prioritaires en compétences professionnelles : perceptions des enseignants et des enseignantes du nord-kivu sur leur formation continue
Authors: Okito Pamijeko Patrice , Savard Denis 
Published: June 2018

La formation des enseignants et des enseignantes de la ville de Goma, en République démocratique du Congo, a évolué négativement depuis l’époque coloniale. D’une formation initiale essentiellement religieuse, elle a été orientée vers des contenus universitaires, puis transformée en une formation continue sous forme de journées pédagogiques. Cette visée de formation n’a malheureusement pas été maintenue en raison du désengagement du gouvernement, des guerres et des conditions de vie. Conséquemment, l’un des problèmes qui caractérisent actuellement le système scolaire de Goma est l’absence de formation continue du corps enseignant. Afin d’aider ce dernier à s’autoformer professionnellement, l’identification préalable de leurs besoins de formation continue s’est avérée pertinente. Le but de cet article est de décrire et d’analyser ces besoins. Pour la collecte des données, un questionnaire a été distribué à 151 enseignants et enseignantes du secondaire de Goma en situation d’après-guerre, et 20 d’entre eux ont été interviewés. Des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives ont été effectuées selon les approches de Nadeau (1984) et de Lapointe (1992). Les résultats révèlent que les besoins du corps enseignant liés aux compétences professionnelles sont criants. En référence à notre échelle de jugement, le poids moyen alloué pour la situation actuelle (2,85) révèle que l’ensemble des compétences est généralement « Peu maîtrisé ».
Molecular attributes and apoptosis-inducing activities of a putative serine protease isolated from Tiger Milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) sclerotium against breast cancer cellsin vitro
Authors: Yap Hui Yeng Y. , Tan Nget Hong , Ng Szu Ting , Tan Chon Seng , Fung Shin Yee 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe highly valued medicinal tiger milk mushroom (also known asLignosus rhinocerus) has the ability to cure numerous ailments. Its anticancer activities are well explored, and recently a partially purified cytotoxic protein fraction termed F5 from the mushroom’s sclerotial cold water extract consisting mainly of fungal serine proteases was found to exhibit potent selective cytotoxicity against a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7) with IC50value of 3.00 μg/ml. However, characterization of its cell death-inducing activity has yet to be established.MethodsThe mechanism involved in the cytotoxic activities of F5 against MCF7 cells was elucidated by flow cytometry-based apoptosis detection, caspases activity measurement, and expression profiling of apoptosis markers by western blotting. Molecular attributes of F5 were further mined fromL. rhinocerus’s published genome and transcriptome for future exploration.Results and DiscussionApoptosis induction in MCF7 cells by F5 may involve a cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways with upregulation of caspase-8 and -9 activities and a marked decrease of Bcl-2. On the other hand, the levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, BID, and cleaved BID were increased accompanied by observable actin cleavage. At gene level, F5 composed of three predicted non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (T > C) and an alternative 5′ splice site.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide an advanced framework for further investigations on cancer therapeutics development fromL. rhinocerus.
Evaluation of the dosimetry approaches in ablation treatment of thyroid cancer
Authors: Alan Selcuk Nalan , Toklu Turkay , Beykan Seval , Karaaslan Serife Ipek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate dosimetric approaches in ablation treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) without interrupting the clinical routine. Prior to therapy, 10.7 MBq 131I in average was orally given to 24 patients suffering from DTC. MIRD formalism was used for dosimetric calculations. For blood and bone marrow dosimetry, blood samples and whole‐body counts were collected at 2, 24, 72, and 120 h after I‐131 administration. For remnant tissue dosimetry, uptake measurements were performed at the same time intervals. To estimate the remnant volume, anterior and lateral planar gamma camera images were acquired with a reference source within the field of view at 24 h after I‐131 administration. Ultrasound imaging was also performed. Treatment activities determined with the fixed activity method were administered to the patients. Secondary cancer risk relative to applied therapy was evaluated for dosimetric approaches. The average dose to blood and bone marrow were determined as 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.11 ± 0.04 Gy/GBq, respectively. The average remnant tissue dose was 0.58 ± 0.52 Gy/MBq and the corresponding required activity to ablate the remnant was approximately 1.3 GBq of 131I. A strong correlation between 24th‐hour uptake and time‐integrated activity coefficient values was obtained. Compared to fixed activity method, approximately five times higher secondary cancer risk was determined in bone marrow dosimetry, while the risk was about three times lower in lesion‐based dosimetry.
On the Materials Science of Nature's Arms Race
Authors: Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiological material systems have evolved unique combinations of mechanical properties to fulfill their specific function through a series of ingenious designs. Seeking lessons from Nature by replicating the underlying principles of such biological materials offers new promise for creating unique combinations of properties in man‐made systems. One case in point is Nature's means of attack and defense. During the long‐term evolutionary “arms race,” naturally evolved weapons have achieved exceptional mechanical efficiency with a synergy of effective offense and persistence—two characteristics that often tend to be mutually exclusive in many synthetic systems—which may present a notable source of new materials science knowledge and inspiration. This review categorizes Nature's weapons into ten distinct groups, and discusses the unique structural and mechanical designs of each group by taking representative systems as examples. The approach described is to extract the common principles underlying such designs that could be translated into man‐made materials. Further, recent advances in replicating the design principles of natural weapons at differing lengthscales in artificial materials, devices and tools to tackle practical problems are revisited, and the challenges associated with biological and bioinspired materials research in terms of both processing and properties are discussed.
Assembling Ultrasmall Copper‐Doped Ruthenium Oxide Nanocrystals into Hollow Porous Polyhedra: Highly Robust Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media
Authors: Su Jianwei , Ge Ruixiang , Jiang Kemin , Dong Yan , Hao Fei , Tian Ziqi , Chen Guoxin , Chen Liang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHere, a facile and novel strategy for the preparation of Cu‐doped RuO2 hollow porous polyhedra composed of ultrasmall nanocrystals through one‐step annealing of a Ru‐exchanged Cu‐BTC derivative is reported. Owing to the optimized surface configuration and altered electronic structure, the prepared catalyst displays a remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with low overpotential of 188 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic electrolyte, an ultralow Tafel slope of 43.96 mV dec−1, and excellent stability in durability testing for 10 000 cycles, and continuous testing of 8 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the highly unsaturated Ru sites on the high‐index facets can be oxidized gradually and reduce the energy barrier of rate‐determining steps. On the other hand, the Cu dopants can alter the electronic structures so as to further improve the intrinsic OER activity.