bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Resistance Rate of Helicobacter Pylori to Clarithromycin and Main Mutations on Bacterial Genomic Responsible for Bacterial Resistance: A Comparative Study in Children and Adults, Tehran and Iran
Authors: Yousefi Azizollah , Eslami Shahryar , Noorbakhsh Samileh , Haghighi Morteza , TaheriNia Leila , Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Ashouri Sarvenaz 
Published: October 2018

Background:
High resistance to common antibiotics has become a huge global dilemma
in eradicating Helicobacter Pylori infection in both children and adults. The great concern
is about the resistance to different classes of antibiotics especially Clarithromycin because of its
widespread use.

Objective:
The present survey aimed to assess the resistance rate to Clarithromycin in Helicobacter
Pylori isolated in patients aged less than 15 years as compared to patients older than 15 years
of age.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, total 72 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms requiring
diagnostic endoscopy referred to Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran during one year
(August 2015 to August 2016). Helicobacter Pylori infection was diagnosed in patients using the
Rapid Urease Test. The antibiotics resistance was detected in genomes using the real-time polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) on 23S rRNA gene.

Results:
In total 72 patients, 36 cases aged less than or equal to 15 years and 36 patients were
older than 15 years. Of all patients in this study, 17 cases were detected with gene mutations or
polymorphisms related to resistance to Clarithromycin. Overall prevalence rate of resistance was
reported 23.61%. Three polymorphisms on 23S rRNA gene including A2142G, A2142C, and
A2143G were revealed in 47.1%, 5.9%, and 47.1% of patients, respectively. The bacterial resistance
to Clarithromycin was observed more prevalent in patients that aged older than 15 years
compared to patients younger than 15 years of age. Also, frequent consumption of any type of antibiotics
was significantly associated with the higher resistance of bacterium to Clarithromycin.

Conclusion:
The results of our study regarding the resistance of Helicobacter Pylori to
Clarithromycin were similar to findings of other studies around the world. But, the Clarithromycin
resistance rate was reported higher in patients older than 15 years of age and those patients who
repeatedly received different types of antibiotics regardless of their age. Of all mutations in bacterial
genome, the prominent mutations responsible for bacterial resistance to Clarithromycin included
A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G nucleotide polymorphism on 23S rRNA gene.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge , Pereira Carolina Lança , da Silva Diana Dias 
Published: October 2018

Background:Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly understood.Objective:This article aims to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing on the in vivo and in vitro metabolic profile of the drug and its implications for the variability of response.Methods:Mescaline pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period. Biological effects of other compounds found in peyote were also reviewed.Results:Although its illicit administration is less common, in comparison with cocaine and Cannabis, it has been extensively described in adolescents and young adults, and licit consumption often occurs in religious and therapeutic rituals practiced by the Native American Church. Its pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action are primarily attributed to the interaction with the serotonergic 5-HT2A-C receptors, and therefore clinical effects are similar to those elicited by other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, which include euphoria, hallucinations, depersonalization and psychoses. Moreover, as a phenethylamine derivative, signs and symptoms are consistent with a sympathomimetic effect. Mescaline is mainly metabolized into trimethoxyphenylacetic acid by oxidative deamination but several minor metabolites with possible clinical and forensic repercussions have also been reported.Conclusion:Most reports concerning mescaline were presented in a complete absence of exposure confirmation, since toxicological analysis is not widely available. Addiction and dependence are practically absent and it is clear that most intoxications appear to be mild and are unlikely to produce lifethreatening symptoms, which favors the contemporary interest in the therapeutic potential of the drugs of the class.
NADPH Oxidase as a Target for Modulation of Radiation Response; Implications to Carcinogenesis and Radiotherapy
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Goradel Nasser Hashemi , Amini Peyman , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Najafi Masoud , Farhood Bagher 
Published: October 2018

Background:Radiotherapy is a treatment modality for cancer. For better therapeutic efficiency, it could be used in combination with surgery, chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In addition to its beneficial therapeutic effects, exposure to radiation leads to several toxic effects on normal tissues. Also, it may induce some changes in genomic expression of tumor cells, thereby increasing the resistance of tumor cells. These changes lead to the appearance of some acute reactions in irradiated organs, increased risk of carcinogenesis, and reduction in the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.Discussion:So far, several studies have proposed different targets such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), some toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) etc., for the amelioration of radiation toxicity and enhancing tumor response. NADPH oxidase includes five NOX and two dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) subfamilies that through the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play key roles in oxidative stress and several signaling pathways involved in early and late effects of ionizing radiation. Chronic ROS production by NOX enzymes can induce genomic instability, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Also, these enzymes are able to induce cell death, especially through apoptosis and senescence that may affect tissue function. ROS-derived NADPH oxidase causes apoptosis in some organs such as intestine and tongue, which mediate inflammation. Furthermore, continuous ROS production stimulates fibrosis via stimulation of fibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition. Evidence has shown that in contrast to normal tissues, the NOX system induces tumor resistance to radiotherapy through some mechanisms such as induction of hypoxia, stimulation of proliferation, and activation of macrophages. However, there are some contradictory results. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase in experimental studies has shown promising results for both normal tissue protection and tumor sensitization to ionizing radiation.Conclusion:In this article, we aimed to review the role of different subfamilies of NADPH oxidase in radiation-induced early and late normal tissue toxicities in different organs.
Combination Treatment of p53-Null HL-60 cells with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Chlorambucil Augments Apoptosis and Increases BCL6 and p21 Gene Expression
Authors: Kwa Faith A.A. , Cole-Sinclair Merrole F. , Kapuscinski Miroslav K. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Treatment of hematological malignancies with conventional DNA-damaging drugs, such as chlorambucil (CLB), commonly results in p53-dependent chemo-resistance. Chromatin modifying agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), sodium butyrate (NaBu) and trichostatin A (TSA), may reverse chemo-resistance by modulating the activity of chromatin remodeling enzymes and/or genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.Objective:This study examined the potential use of HDACIs and CLB combination therapies in an in vitro chemo-resistant leukemia model.Methods:The p53-null promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, was used as an in vitro model of chemo-resistant leukemia. Drug cytotoxicity was determined by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assays and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining (flow cytometry). The level of mRNA expression of the chromatin modifying genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:Micromolar concentrations of CLB combined with either NaBu or TSA triggered synergistic cytotoxic effects in HL-60 cells (p < 0.001). The effects of the combination treatments resulted in upregulated p21 gene expression (up to 59-fold; p<0.001) that preceded an increase in BCL6 gene expression (up to 20-fold; p < 0.001). Statistically significant but smaller magnitude changes (≤ 2-fold; p <0.05) were noted in the expression of other genes studied regardless of the treatment type.Conclusion:The combination treatment of p53-null HL-60 cells with DNA-damaging agent CLB and HDACIs NaBu and TSA triggered additive to synergistic effects on apoptosis and upregulated BCL6 and p21 expression. These findings reveal BCL6 and p21 as potential targets of chemo-resistance for the development of anti-leukemic drugs.
Curcuminoids and Novel Opportunities for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Which Molecules are Actually Effective?
Authors: Zholos Alexander V. , Moroz Olesia F. , Storozhuk Maksim V. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Millions of people worldwide are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there are only symptomatic treatments available for this disease. Thus, there is a great need to identify drugs capable of arresting or reversing AD. Constituents of the spice turmeric, in particular, curcuminoids, seem to be very promising, as evident from in vitro experiments and tests using animal models of AD. However, most of the clinical trials did not reveal any beneficial effects of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD. These controversies, including conflicting results of clinical trials, are thought to be related to bioavailability of curcuminoids, which is low unless it is enhanced by developing a special formulation. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that other reasons may be of even greater importance, but these avenues are less explored.Objective:Review relevant literature, and analyze potential reasons for the controversial results.Methodology:Recent in vitro and preclinical studies; clinical trials (without a limiting period) were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar.Results:While recent in vitro and preclinical studies confirm the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD and cognitive dysfunctions, results of corresponding clinical trials remain rather controversial.Conclusion:The controversial results obtained in the clinical trials may be in part due to particularities of the curcuminoid formulations other than bioavailability. Namely, it seems likely that the various formulations differ in terms of their minor turmeric constituent(s). We hypothesize that these distinctions may be of key importance for efficacy of the particular formulation in clinical trials. A testable approach addressing this hypothesis is suggested.
Coffee Agro forestry Performance in Pulau Panggung Sub-district, Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Arifin Bustanul , Zakaria Wan Abbas , Ismono Hanung , Hilmanto Rudi 
Published: October 2018

Coffee production system in Tanggamus was mostly cultivated around forest and Sekampung watersheds. Upstream Sekampung watersheds had been threatened by land degradation and deforestation. Trade-off have revealed between coffee production and ecological services in water catchment area. Enhancing the coffee productivity must be concern with environment conditions. Coffee agro forestry is well known as a great solution to improve the land productivity. Environment services form natural resources will be assertion and sustainable. This study is concern to explore how the coffee agro forestry in land ownership performs. Study taken place in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus. Respondents choose randomly amount 408 coffee farmers. Statistic descriptive used to tabulate and compile the coffee agro forestry perform criteria. Then the relationship between land ownership and coffee agro forestry criteria related with farmer incomes, labor availability, level of education, and experiences in coffee production were analyzed by multiple regression. Based on the analysis was revealed that coffee plant density amount 1.774 coffee trees.ha-1 while growth with shade trees (MPTS) attain to 187 trees.ha-1. MPTS based on wood represented by 8 kind of tress, while MPTS based on non-wood trees 5 type of trees. Multi cropping plants also appear such as pepper, cocoa, banana, and rubber. Adoption of Coffee agro forestry in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus was well performed. Farmer income was noted amount IDR 14.449.854,-.year-1 or IDR 1.204.155,-.month-1. The coffee farmer income was significantly influenced by shade trees (MPTS), land ownership, and land area.
TORTOR BATAK TOBA SEBAGAI SUMBER PENCIPTAAN GAMBAR ILUSTRASI DENGAN APLIKASI PHOTOSHOP CS3
Authors: Sidabutar Yohanda , Mangatas Mangatas 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAKPenciptaan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan karya gambar ilustrasi tortor Batak Toba, serta mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah penciptaan yang dilaksanakan. Skripsi ini menguraikan tentang pembuatan karya yang diciptakan dalam tugas akhir. Proses penciptaan karya akan dijelaskan mulai dari proses awal sampai dengan selesai. Hasil karya yang dicapai dari proses penciptaan ini berjumlah 10 karya dengan gerak tortor yang berbeda-beda dengan berukuran A3. Dalam penciptaan ini mulai dari karya 1 hingga 10 dapat terilustrasikan urutan gerak Tortor Sipitu Sawan hingga selesai. Pada penciptaan karya ini mulai dari karya 1 hingga 10 menggunakan prinsip desain center of point dimana penari merupakan pusat perhatiaannya. Dalam penciptaan karya ini, penulis menggunakan media komputer yang sebelumnya diawali dengan pembuatan sketsa secara manual menggunakan pensil, kemudian sketsa tersebut di scan dan dilanjutkan dengan teknik digital menggunakan media komputer yang memiliki Software Adobe Photoshop Cs3. Dalam Software ini menggunakan system layer untuk memudahkan proses editing dan memiliki fitur pewarnaan dan efek yang relative lengkap dan bervariasi sehingga penulis lebih leluasa menggunakan fitur-fitur yang tersedia dalam berkarya. Kata Kunci: Penciptaan, Ilustrasi, Tortor Sipitu Sawan, Photoshop Cs3
BAKTERI AEROB PATOGEN DAN UJI KEPEKAAN ANTIMIKROBA DI RUANGAN PERAWATAN PENYAKIT DALAM
Authors: Raya Fedelia , Sennang Nurhayana , Aprianti Suci 
Published: October 2018

Pathogenic bacteria are the major causes of airborne infection at the hospital ward. Nosocomial infection can occur at the opened as well as at the closed room. Nosocomial infection influences the morbidity and mortality in the hospital and need an extra attention, because of the increased number of hospital patients, micro organism mutation and increased of bacteria resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of aerobic bacteria, and to know the pathogenic bacteria identification and its determination on the susceptibility of the antimicrobial problems at the internal medicine ward. This research was carried by a cross sectional study, which performed by collecting air samples in eight internal medicine ward of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital using Microbiology Air Sampler 100 (MAS 100). The bacterial identification and the antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) were conducted at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan (July to August 2009). In this study were found the numbers of bacteria colonies about 580–6040 CFU/m3. The pathogenic bacteria that identified were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus saprohpyticus, Enterobacter hafniae and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus that were sensitive to Amikasin, Gentamicyn, Azitromycin and Norfloxacyn but resistant to Ampicillin. The number of bacterial colonies exceeded the established number standard by Decree of the Indonesian Health Minister. The pathogenic bacteria showed the most sensitive result of AST were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter hafniae, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and Staphylococcus saprohpyticus.
KORELASI FUNGSI HATI TERHADAP DERAJAT PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE ANAK
Authors: Kartini Ani , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Samad Ibrahim Abdul 
Published: October 2018

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) may result acute liver failure. Although these cases are rare but is more common in children, and early identification of these infections is important to reduce the morbidity as well as mortality. The aim of this study was to know the determinations and the correlation of liver functions with the grade of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in children. This study was conducted by cross sectional, using data from the medical records of DHF patients who had liver function tests (AST, ALT, PT, aPTT and albumin) in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from the period of July 2008 to June 2010. AST, ALT and albumin were tested using Cobas Integra 400, PT and aPTT were tested using Humaclot VA, and the data were analyzed with Spearman correlation test. There were fifty-five samples: 26 (47.3%) were males and 29 (52.7%) were females. We found 15 (27.3%) grade I, 13 (23.6%) grade II, 16 (29.1%) grade III and 11 (20%) grade IV patients. In this study are found that AST and ALT increased and there is a tendency of extending aPTT value but there was no significant correlation with the grade of DHF. The mean of albumin was lower in grade IV, there was a significant correlation between albumin and the grade of DHF (r=–0.375, p<0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant correlation between albumin and the grade of DHF. It is suggested that the routine albumin examination in DHF patients should be carried on to know whether a prevention of complications is needed to reduce the possibility of mortality.
KANKER OVARIUM DISGERMINOMA
Authors: Rahmawati Hegaria , ER Darmawaty , Pakasi Ruland DN 
Published: October 2018

Ovarian cancer is a female reproductive organ malignancy and the second most common gynaecological type cancers. World Health Organisation classifies ovarian cancer based on their origin: superficial stroma-epithelium tumour, cord-stroma sex tumour, and germ cell tumour originated from germinal cells (yolk sac). Epithelium type of ovarian cancer is common, while the germinal type is rare and can be found in teenagers and young women aged 16-20 years old. A case of suspected dysgerminomas ovarian cancer grade IIIA was reported in a 12 years old girl. The diagnosis was established by tumour markers, USG/CT Scan of abdomen, surgery, and frozen section evaluations. The reviewer expected better survival prognosis after surgery and three cycles of chemotherapy combinations were executed. The evaluations of when serial tumour markers CA-125 were suggested during chemotherapy to detect any recurrences factors possibility of the related cancer.
MEAN PLATELET VOLUME DI STROK
Authors: Rosmiati Besse , Wibawa Sulina Y , ER Darmawaty 
Published: October 2018

Ischemic stroke is the cause of most cases which occur due to obstruction, this pathogenesis can be caused by the formation of thrombus in the cerebrum blood vessels. Platelet aggregation plays a role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic cerebrovascular disease. Platelets size, measured as Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet function and is associated with the indicator of platelet activity. Several studies have found that there was an increased of MPV in acute ischemic stroke while the correlation with the severity and outcome of stroke was still controversial. The aim of study is to determine the MPV and their association with outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients. A cohort study during May up to July 2010 was carried out, the researchers measured MPV and analyze their correlation with its outcome using modified Rankin scale score 10 days after the onset in 33 acute ischemic stroke patients. The mean of MPV for the first three days of the onset was 8.9 fl, on the 5th day was increased up to 9.4 but at the 10th day of onset the MPV remains the same value as the 5th day. The MPV of first three days and 5th day have a positive correlation, but insignificant with their outcome, with p values 0.158 and 0.06, respectively. From this study can be concluded that the increased of MPV on the fifth day onset did not have any significant correlation with the outcome of acute ischemic stroke illness.
APOPTOSIS INDEX BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES IN REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Santoso Djoko 
Published: October 2018

Many reports have documented apoptosis index in hemodialysis patients, but to date, no single study has directly compared the apoptosis index of males to females. Data on mortality rate among hemodialytic patients in the hemodialysis center at the Department of Internal Medicine Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia show a high number predominated by female patients. Therefore, to answer the question of whether there is a gender difference in apoptosis index, the researcher studied leukocyte responses in male and female hemodialysis patients. The apoptosis index of the sample was measured by indirect immunoassay method. Cell lyses, followed by immunochemical determination of histone-complexed DNA fragments in a microtiter plate wells. The apoptosis quantization was obtained by determining the amount of colored product spectrophotometrically. One hundred and four non-diabetic subjects who received hemodialysis (HD), and 24 normal controls (NC), were evaluated. The apoptosis index in ESRD patients group and control group showed no significant difference (0.6172 vs 0.4008, p=0.114), neither did it vary in both sexes and age groups. When the sex factor was analyzed (after exclusion from the diabetic ESRD patients), females apoptosis index was significantly higher than that of the males (0.7325 vs 0.55175, p<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis index in females among non-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis is higher than that occur in males and controls.