bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLACK SITUATIONAL COMEDIES: A LEGACY OF STEREOTYPES, IDEOLOGY, AND HEGEMONY
Authors: Morgan Donald 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this essay is to outline re-occurring archetypes that are found within the confines of “Black Sitcoms”. This essay demonstrates how these archetypes perpetuate negative stereotypes about teenage, African American males, under the guise of comedy and entertainment. This is accomplished by introducing the two most utilized archetypes that represent the black, teenaged, male which are prevalent in black sitcoms, along with examples of said archetypes. In doing so, this article also demonstrates a dichotomy between these two character types, in an attempt to highlight disturbing acceptance of certain media narratives about the African American community. Furthermore, explanations are provided as to how each archetype preys upon negative stereotypes and sociological taboos within the African American community, which results in negative impacts on the social consciousness of the African American community. What is more, this essay examines the negative ideology and subsequent hegemony that these television shows produce. Finally, I conclude with my own thoughts, regarding these issues.Keywords: African American, situational comedies, archetype, ideology, hegemony, stereotypes
THE USE OF CODE-SWITCHING AMONG THE LATE ADOLESCENTS IN SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK
Authors: Lubis Indah Sari , Surya Satyawati , Muka Adinda Usin 
Published: March 2018

This study discussed the use of code-switching among the late adolescents in social media Facebook. The purpose of the research was to know the types of code-switching used among the late adolescents in social media Facebook by applying Poplack theory. The other purpose was to reveal the reasons for using such types of code-switching in social media Facebook by applying Hoffman theory. The descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. The data of the research were analyzed using Miles and Huberman method. The results of the research were: (1) there were three types of code-switching used by the late adolescents in social media Facebook, (2) some reasons in using code-switching were being emphatic to others, the use of interjection to gain attention, the use of repetition for clarification, intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor, expressing identity group, softening the request or command, lexical needs, and using satire. Satire was mostly found in this research.Keywords: code-switching, late adolescent, social media
PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI TELUR PUYUH PADA KAPASITAS KANDANG YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sujdani Eddy Trjana 
Published: March 2018

The aim the research was to know the egg production quail’s to the different cage capacity. The result of this research can be used to inform of people on egg production quail’s to the different cage capacity. The materials of the reseach use 135 quail, cage system size 50 cm x 50 cm front height 16 cm and back height 12 cm. The research condcted by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which is consist of three treatment and three replication and be continued Different Small Reallity (DSR). This research show that the cage capacity not significantly effect on production full fill by 20 quail; 15 quail; 10 quail production egg 348, 304,351; 264, 252, 229; 156, 196, 193 and also gave not significanlya effect, and the rate feed are 9390, 9370, 9410; 7380, 7260, 7160; 4760, 4880, 4950 gave not significantly effect.Key word: Quail, egg production, cage capacity
PENAMBAHAN SARI KUNYIT (Curcuma domestic Val) TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN DAN KONSUMSI PAKAN AYAM PETELUR JANTAN
Authors: Effendi Andri Dwi , A.K Nita Opi , Andaka Adi 
Published: March 2018

It has been done a research about Curcuma Domestic Val to egg-type cockerels of hen. This research is knowing about of effect curcuma domestic val to increas weight a hen. Its used a egg-type cockerels strain Isa Brown from PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia more than 60 hens that old is 30 days until 58 days is ready, and curcuma domestic val that fresh juice. After 30 days old, its been done to 12 team of boxes. Every box has been 5 hens, then doing it until 1-12 agains, to 12 team of boxes assigned into 4 treatments with 3 replication. This research used experiment that completely randomized design with 4 kinds of method. According this research, can be summary that to added Curcuma Domestica Val with water can’t real effect to in crease weight (P>0.05), with higher to P0,P1,P2,P3. That mean is 89,6, 895, 873,3, 864,3, its must to do research more than extra about to added Curcuma Domestic Val with volume more than 50 ml/1000 ml water to added weight of egg-type cockerels, so its can to know size how much ml Curcuma Domestic Val that can be responses.Keywords : Egg-type cockerels:, Body Weight, Curcuma Domestic Val
Pintu Air Irigasi Elektromekanis Kombinasi Aliran Atas dan Bawah
Authors: Hidayah Susi , Prihantoko Aditya 
Published: March 2018

Pengaturan debit merupakan aktivitas penting dalam operasi jaringan irigasi. Hal ini umumnya dilakukan menggunakan pintu bukaan bawah (misalnya pintu sorong) yang memiliki kelemahan terkait sifat hidrolis aliran dan benda hanyut. Kelemahan ini tidak terjadi pada pintu bukaan atas (misalnya skot balok) namun tipe pintu ini sulit dioperasikan, untuk itu, diperlukan pintu air irigasi kombinasi aliran atas dan bawah sehingga kelemahan-kelemahan ini dapat dihindari. Makalah ini memaparkan hasil pengembangan pintu air irigasi elektromekanis kombinasi aliran atas dan bawah yang dapat mampu mengatasi permasalahan kehilangan energi dan ketidakakuratan bangunan ukur karena sedimentasi. Pintu ini didesain agar mudah dioperasikan menggunakan sistem elektromekanis bertenaga surya yang dapat dimonitor dan dikontrol dari jarak jauh. Selain itu, pintu dibuat menggunakan bahan alternatif komposit GFRP honeycomb. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu uji laboratorium dan lapangan terhadap desain pintu aliran atas dan bawah. Berbagai hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa pintu air secara fisik memenuhi nilai syarat pembebanan. Secara hidraulik, pintu dapat memberikan prediksi debit yang akurat pada kombinasi variasi tinggi muka air di atas ambang 10, 20, dan 30 cm. Pintu air ini juga dapat mengatur debit secara efektif untuk memenuhi perubahan kebutuhan air di areal layanan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai referensi konsep pintu air sorong ganda seperti yang terdapat dalam.
Pengaruh Pupuk Kascing Terhadap Kemampuan Mengikat Air pada Tanah Lempung dan Lempung Berpasir
Authors: Tutkey Monica Rina , Nurrochmad Fatchan , Brotowiryatmo Sri Harto 
Published: March 2018

Sistem irigasi hemat air akan baik jika tanah mampu mengikat air secara maksimal. Kendalanya tidak semua tanah memiliki kemampuan mengikat air yang baik sehingga dibutuhkan cara untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan mengikat air. Pemberian pupuk organik dengan komposisi yang tepat dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengikat air, karena bahan organik yang terkandung di dalamnya memiliki kemampuan agregasi yang dapat mengikat butiran-butiran kecil menjadi butiran yang lebih besar sehingga dapat menambah kemampuan mengikat air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan mengikat air yang paling maksimal dari penambahan pupuk kascing sebesar 0%, 29%, 33%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 67% dan 71% pada jenis tanah lempung dan lempung berpasir. Setiap sampel pengujian diulang tiga kali. Metode Kurva pF digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan mengikat air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mengikat air maksimum tanah lempung adalah 19,14% pada persentase pupuk kascing 40% atau meningkat 13,56% dari tanah aslinya. Pemberian pupuk kascing pada tanah lempung berpasir cenderung menurunkan kemampuan mengikat air. Kemampuan mengikat air maksimum tanah lempung berpasir adalah 27,87% pada persentase pupuk kascing 0% (tanah asli). Penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan uji coba tanaman padi pada komposisi terbaik menggunakan metode hemat air.Vermicompost effect on water holding capacity of loam and sandy loam soil
Preoperative full-length standing radiographs and revision rates in lumbar degenerative scoliosis
Authors: Bunch Joshua T. , Glassman Steven D. , Underwood Howard R. , Metcalfe Leanne N. , Ondra Stephen , Vasilyev Ivan , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEFull-length (36-inch) standing spine radiographs are commonly used by spine surgeons to evaluate patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis (LDS). Despite this practice, the impact of these images on preoperative decision making and the rate of revision surgery has not been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative full-length standing spine radiographs improve surgical decision making by decreasing the rate of revision surgery in patients with LDS.METHODSFrom the Health Care Service Corporation administrative claims database, the authors identified patients 50–80 years of age with LDS who had undergone surgery including posterior lumbar decompression and fusion over 2–6 levels and with at least 5 years of continuous coverage after the index surgery. Patients were stratified into the following groups, according to the preoperative imaging studies performed within 6 months before their index surgery: lumbar spine MRI studies only, lumbar spine MRI studies and standard lumbar spine radiographs, CT myelograms, and full-length standing spine radiographs. Survival analysis was performed with the occurrence of a revision within 5 years of the index surgery as the outcome of interest.RESULTSA total of 411 patients were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Revision surgery within 5 years after the index procedure was most frequent in the patients with preoperative MRI only (41.8%), followed by the patients with a CT myelogram (30.4%) and those with MRI and standard radiographs (24.8%). The lowest revision rate was seen among those with long-cassette standing radiographs (11.1%). Patients whose preoperative evaluation included full-length standing radiographs (OR 0.353, p = 0.034) and MRI studies plus radiographs (OR 0.650, p = 0.022) were less likely to require revision surgery at 5 years after the index procedure.CONCLUSIONSAn assessment of standing alignment using full-length (36-inch) standing radiographs may be beneficial in reducing the risk of revision surgery in patients with lumbar scoliosis. This observation was not limited to patients with large curves or substantial deformity.
Superiority of constructive interference in steady-state MRI sequencing over T1-weighted MRI sequencing for evaluating cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary macroadenomas
Authors: Lang Min , Silva Danilo , Dai Lu , Kshettry Varun R. , Woodard Troy D. , Sindwani Raj , Recinos Pablo F. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEPreoperatively determining the extent of parasellar invasion of pituitary macroadenomas is useful for surgical planning and patient counseling. Here, the authors compared constructive interference in steady state (CISS), a T2-weighted gradient-echo MRI sequence, to volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE), a T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI sequence, for evaluation of cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) by pituitary macroadenomas.METHODSVIBE and CISS images of 98 patients with pituitary macroadenoma were retrospectively analyzed and graded using the modified Knosp classification. The Knosp grades were correlated to surgical findings of CSI, which were determined intraoperatively using 0° and 30° endoscopes. The predictive accuracies for CSI according to the Knosp grades derived from the CISS and VIBE images were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Postoperative MRI was used to evaluate the gross-total resection (GTR) rates.RESULTSThe CSI rate by pituitary macroadenomas was 27.6% (27 of 98 cases). Of 196 assessments (left and right sides of 98 macroadenomas), 45 (23.0%) had different Knosp grades when scored using VIBE versus CISS images. For the VIBE images, 0% of Knosp grade 0, 4.5% of grade 1, 23.8% of grade 2, 42.1% of grade 3A, 100% of grade 3B, and 83.3% of grade 4 macroadenomas were found to have CSI intraoperatively. For the CISS images, 0% of Knosp grade 0, 2.1% of grade 1, 31.3% of grade 2, 56.3% of grade 3A, 100% of grade 3B, and 100% of grade 4 macroadenomas were found to have CSI intraoperatively. Two pituitary macroadenomas were classified as grade 4 on VIBE sequences but grades 3A and 2 on CISS sequences; CSI was not observed intraoperatively in both cases. The GTR rate was 64.3% and 60.0% for high-grade (3A, 3B, and 4) macroadenomas classified using VIBE and CISS sequences, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.94 and 0.97 for VIBE- and CISS-derived Knosp grades (p = 0.007), respectively.CONCLUSIONSKnosp grades determined using CISS sequence images are better correlated with intraoperative CSI than those determined using VIBE sequence images. CISS sequences may be valuable for the preoperative assessment of pituitary macroadenomas.
Predictors of mortality in children with myelomeningocele and symptomatic Chiari type II malformation
Authors: McDowell Michael M. , Blatt Jason E. , Deibert Christopher P. , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Tempel Zachary J. , Greene Stephanie 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEChiari malformation type II (CM-II) in myelomeningocele is associated with a significant rate of mortality and poor outcome. Death is frequently heralded by the onset or progression of neurological symptoms. The authors sought to identify predictors of poor outcome and mortality within the myelomeningocele population at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh.METHODSA retrospective chart and radiology review was performed on all infants who underwent primary closure of a myelomeningocele defect at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh between the years of 1995 and 2015. Preoperative symptoms and signs leading to CM-II decompression, as well as operative details and postoperative changes in these symptoms and signs, were investigated in detail and correlated to outcome. Poor outcome was defined as death, stridor, or ventilator dependence. Deceased patients were separately assessed within this subgroup.RESULTSThirty-two (21%) of 153 patients were found to have symptomatic CM-II. Of the 32 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 12 (38%) had poor outcomes. Eight patients (25%) died since initial presentation; 5 of these patients (16% of the overall cohort) died within the 1st year of life and 3 (9%) died during adolescence. Seven (88%) of the 8 patients who died had central apnea on presentation (p = 0.001) and 7 (44%) of the 16 patients who developed symptoms in the first 3 months of life died, compared with 1 (6.3%) of 16 who developed symptoms later in childhood (p = 0.04). The median Apgar score at 1 minute was 4.5 for patients who died and 8 for surviving patients (p = 0.006). The median diameter of the myelomeningocele defect was 5.75 cm for patients who died and 5 for those who survived (p = 0.01). The anatomical level of defect trended toward higher levels in patients who died, with 4 patients in that group having an anatomical level at L-2 or higher compared with 5 of the surviving patients (p = 0.001). The median initial head circumference for the 5 patients dying in the 1st year of life was 41.5 cm, versus 34 cm for all other patients (p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSCM-II in spina bifida is associated with a significant mortality rate even when surgical intervention is performed. Death is more frequent in symptomatic patients presenting prior to 1 year of age. Late deaths are associated with symptom progression despite aggressive surgical and medical intervention. In this patient cohort, death was more likely in patients with symptomatic presentation during the first 3 months of life, low Apgar scores, large myelomeningocele defects, early central apnea, and large head circumference at birth.
Optimal Matched Filter in the Low-number Count Poisson Noise Regime and Implications for X-Ray Source Detection
Authors: Ofek Eran O. , Zackay Barak 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Detection of templates (e.g., sources) embedded in low-number count Poisson noise is a common problem in astrophysics. Examples include source detection in X-ray images, γ-rays, UV, neutrinos, and search for clusters of galaxies and stellar streams. However, the solutions in the X-ray-related literature are sub-optimal in some cases by considerable factors. Using the lemma of Neyman–Pearson, we derive the optimal statistics for template detection in the presence of Poisson noise. We demonstrate that, for known template shape (e.g., point sources), this method provides higher completeness, for a fixed false-alarm probability value, compared with filtering the image with the point-spread function (PSF). In turn, we find that filtering by the PSF is better than filtering the image using the Mexican-hat wavelet (used by wavdetect). For some background levels, our method improves the sensitivity of source detection by more than a factor of two over the popular Mexican-hat wavelet filtering. This filtering technique can also be used for fast PSF photometry and flare detection; it is efficient and straightforward to implement. We provide an implementation in MATLAB. The development of a complete code that works on real data, including the complexities of background subtraction and PSF variations, is deferred for future publication.
The Resilience of Kepler Systems to Stellar Obliquity
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Marx Noah W. , Batygin Konstantin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Kepler mission and its successor K2 have brought forth a cascade of transiting planets. Many of these planetary systems exhibit multiple members, but a large fraction possess only a single transiting example. This overabundance of singles has led to the suggestion that up to half of Kepler systems might possess significant mutual inclinations between orbits, reducing the transiting number (the so-called “Kepler Dichotomy”). In a recent paper, Spalding & Batygin demonstrated that the quadrupole moment arising from a young, oblate star is capable of misaligning the constituent orbits of a close-in planetary system enough to reduce their transit number, provided that the stellar spin axis is sufficiently misaligned with respect to the planetary orbital plane. Moreover, tightly packed planetary systems were shown to be susceptible to becoming destabilized during this process. Here, we investigate the ubiquity of the stellar obliquity-driven instability within systems with a range of multiplicities. We find that most planetary systems analyzed, including those possessing only two planets, underwent instability for stellar spin periods below ∼3 days and stellar tilts of order 30°. Moreover, we are able to place upper limits on the stellar obliquity in systems such as K2-38 (obliquity ≲20°), where other methods of measuring the spin–orbit misalignment are not currently available. Given the known parameters of T-Tauri stars, we predict that up to one-half of super-Earth-mass systems may encounter the instability, in general agreement with the fraction typically proposed to explain the observed abundance of single-transiting systems.
Merger of Multiple Accreting Black Holes Concordant with Gravitational-wave Events
Authors: Tagawa Hiromichi , Umemura Masayuki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recently, the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO) has detected black hole (BH) merger events, most of which are sourced by BHs more massive than 30 M
⊙. Especially, the observation of GW170104 suggests dynamically assembled binaries favoring a distribution of misaligned spins. It has been argued that mergers of unassociated BHs can be engendered through a chance meeting in a multiple BH system under gas-rich environments. In this paper, we consider the merger of unassociated BHs, concordant with the massive BH merger events. To that end, we simulate a multiple BH system with a post-Newtonian N-body code incorporating gas accretion and general relativistic effects. As a result, we find that gas dynamical friction effectively promotes a three-body interaction of BHs in dense gas of n
gas ≳ 106 cm−3, so that BH mergers can take place within 30 Myr. This scenario predicts an isotropic distribution of spin tilts. In the concordant models with GW150914, the masses of seed BHs are required to be ≳25 M
⊙. The potential sites of such chance meeting BH mergers are active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks and dense interstellar clouds. Assuming the LIGO O1, we roughly estimate the event rates for PopI BHs and PopIII BHs in AGN disks to be ≃1–2 yr−1 and ≃1 yr−1, respectively. Multiple episodes of AGNs may enhance the rates by roughly an order of magnitude. For massive PopI BHs in dense interstellar clouds the rate is ≃0.02 yr−1. Hence, high-density AGN disks are a more plausible site for mergers of chance meeting BHs.
Energy Levels, Lifetimes, and Transition Rates for P-like Ions from Cr x to Zn xvi from Large-scale Relativistic Multiconfiguration Calculations
Authors: Wang K. , Jönsson P. , Gaigalas G. , Radžiūtė L. , Rynkun P. , Del Zanna G. , Chen C. Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method is used to compute excitation energies and lifetimes for the 143 lowest states of the

, 3s3p
4,

, 3s3p
33d, 3p
5,

configurations in P-like ions from Cr x to Zn xvi. Multipole (E1, M1, E2, M2) transition rates, line strengths, oscillator strengths, and branching fractions among these states are also given. Valence–valence and core–valence electron correlation effects are systematically accounted for using large basis function expansions. Computed excitation energies are compared with the NIST ASD and CHIANTI compiled values and previous calculations. The mean average absolute difference, removing obvious outliers, between computed and observed energies for the 41 lowest identified levels in Fe xii, is only 0.057%, implying that the computed energies are accurate enough to aid identification of new emission lines from the Sun and other astrophysical sources. The amount of energy and transition data of high accuracy are significantly increased for several P-like ions of astrophysics interest, where experimental data are still very scarce.
Molecular Emission from a Galaxy Associated with a z ∼ 2.2 Damped Lyα Absorber
Authors: Neeleman Marcel , Kanekar Nissim , Prochaska J. Xavier , Christensen Lise , Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Møller Palle , Zwaan Martin A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we have detected CO(3−2) line and far-infrared continuum emission from a galaxy associated with a high-metallicity ([M/H] = −0.27) damped Lyα absorber (DLA) at z
DLA = 2.19289. The galaxy is located 3.″5 away from the quasar sightline, corresponding to a large impact parameter of 30 kpc at the DLA redshift. We use archival Very Large Telescope-SINFONI data to detect Hα emission from the associated galaxy, and find that the object is dusty, with a dust-corrected star formation rate of

M⊙ yr−1. The galaxy’s molecular mass is large, Mmol = (1.4 ± 0.2) × 1011 × (α
CO/4.3) × (0.57/r
31) M
⊙, supporting the hypothesis that high-metallicity DLAs arise predominantly near massive galaxies. The excellent agreement in redshift between the CO(3–2) line emission and low-ion metal absorption (∼40 km s−1) disfavors scenarios whereby the gas probed by the DLA shows bulk motion around the galaxy. We use Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H i 21 cm absorption spectroscopy to find that the H i along the DLA sightline must be warm, with a stringent lower limit on the spin temperature of T
s > 1895 × (f/0.93) K. The detection of C i absorption in the DLA, however, also indicates the presence of cold neutral gas. To reconcile these results requires that the cold components in the DLA contribute little to the H i column density, yet contain roughly 50% of the metals of the absorber, underlining the complex multi-phase nature of the gas surrounding high-z galaxies.