bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLEC3B p.S106G Mutant in a Caucasian Population of Successful Neurological Aging
Authors: Kolicheski Ana , Walton Ronald L , Soto-Beasley Alexandra I , Heckman Michael G , Uitti Ryan J , Parfitt Francine , Graff-Radford Michelle R , Wszolek Zbigniew K , Graff-Radford Neill R , Ross Owen A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A number of efforts are underway to better understand the role of genetic variation in successful aging and longevity. However, to date, only two genes have been consistently associated with longevity in humans: APOE and FOXO3, with the APOE ɛ2 allele also protective against dementia. Recently, using an exome-wide SNP array approach, a missense variant CLEC3B c.316G&gt;A (rs13963 p.S106G) was reported to associate with longevity in two independent cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants. Interestingly, CLEC3B p.S106G is more frequent in Caucasian populations. Herein, we examined the frequency of CLEC3B p.S106G in a Caucasian series of 1,483 neurologically healthy individuals with a specific subset &gt;80 years of age. Although our findings do not support an association between CLEC3B p.S106G and aging without neurological disease (p = .89), we confirmed the association between the APOE ε2 allele and better survival without neurological disease (p = .001). Further assessment of healthy aged cohorts that retain intact neurological function will be critical to understand the etiology of neurodegenerative disease and the role of age at risk.
Testing Proposed Quantifications of Biological Aging in Taiwanese Older Adults
Authors: Gaydosh Lauren , Belsky Daniel W , Glei Dana A , Goldman Noreen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantification of biological aging is of interest in gerontology as a means to surveil aging rates in the population and to evaluate the effects of interventions to increase healthy life span. Analysis of proposed methods to quantify biological aging has focused on samples of midlife or mixed-age adults in the West. Research is needed to test whether quantifications of biological aging can differentiate aging rates among older adults and if quantifications of biological aging developed in Western samples can differentiate aging rates in non-Western populations. We conducted analysis of Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) Biological Age and homeostatic dysregulation measures of biological aging developed in the U.S. NHANES and tested in a sample of older Taiwanese adults in the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study. We conducted analysis of physical and cognitive function and mortality, comparing quantifications of biological aging to a biomarker index based on norms within our analysis sample and to participants’ ratings of their own health. Results showed that quantifications of biological aging (a) predicted differences in physical and cognitive function and in mortality risk among Taiwanese older adults and (b) performed as well as a traditional biomarker index and participant self-rated health for prediction of these outcomes.
Measuring Frailty in Administrative Claims Data: Comparative Performance of Four Claims-Based Frailty Measures in the U.S. Medicare Data
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Patorno Elisabetta , Pawar Ajinkya , Lee Hemin , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
There has been increasing effort to measure frailty in the U.S. Medicare data. The performance of claims-based frailty measures has not been compared.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 3,097 community-dwelling fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (mean age 75.6 years) who participated in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study examination. Four claims-based frailty measures developed by Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim were compared against frailty phenotype, a deficit-accumulation frailty index (FI), and activities of daily living (ADL) dependence using Spearman correlation coefficients and C-statistics.

Results
Claims-based frailty measures were positively associated with frailty phenotype (prevalence in ≤10th vs &gt;90th percentile: 8.0% vs 41.3% for Davidoff; 5.9% vs 53.1% for Faurot; 3.3% vs 48.0% for Segal; 2.9% vs 51.0% for Kim) and FI (mean in ≤10th vs &gt;90th percentile: 0.17 vs 0.33 for Davidoff; 0.13 vs 0.37 for Faurot; 0.12 vs 0.31 for Segal; 0.10 vs 0.37 for Kim). The age and sex-adjusted C-statistics for frailty phenotype for Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim indices were 0.73, 0.74, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively, and partial correlation coefficients with FI were 0.18, 0.32, 0.26, and 0.55, respectively. The results for ADL dependence were similar (prevalence in ≤10th vs &gt;90th percentile: 3.7% vs 50.5% for Davidoff; 2.3% vs 55.0% for Faurot; 3.0% vs 38.3% for Segal; 2.3% vs 50.8% for Kim). The age and sex-adjusted C-statistics for the indices were 0.79, 0.80, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively.

Conclusions
The choice of a claims-based frailty measure can influence the identification of older adults with frailty and disability in Medicare data.
Unfinished Care in Residential Aged Care Facilities: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ludlow Kristiana , Churruca Kate , Mumford Virginia , Ellis Louise A , Testa Luke , Long Janet C , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
When workload demands are greater than available time and resources, staff members must prioritize care by degree of importance and urgency. Care tasks assigned a lower priority may be missed, rationed, or delayed; collectively referred to as “unfinished care.” Residential aged care facilities (RACFs) are susceptible to unfinished care due to consumers’ complex needs, workforce composition, and constraints placed on resource availability. The objectives of this integrative review were to investigate the current state of knowledge of unfinished care in RACFs and to identify knowledge gaps.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a search of academic databases and included English-language, peer-reviewed, empirical journal articles that discussed unfinished care in RACFs. Data were synthesized using mind mapping techniques and frequency counts, resulting in two categorization frameworks.

Results
We identified 17 core studies and 27 informing studies (n = 44). Across core studies, 32 types of unfinished care were organized under five categories: personal care, mobility, person-centeredness, medical and health care, and general care processes. We classified 50 factors associated with unfinished care under seven categories: staff member characteristics, staff member well-being, resident characteristics, interactions, resources, the work environment, and delivery of care activities.

Discussion and Implications
This review signifies that unfinished care in RACFs is a diverse concept in terms of types of unfinished care, associated factors, and terminology. Our findings suggest that policymakers and providers could reduce unfinished care by focusing on modifiable factors such as staffing levels. Four key knowledge gaps were identified to direct future research.
A Comprehensive Overview of Activities of Daily Living in Existing Frailty Instruments: A Systematic Literature Search
Authors: Costenoble Axelle , Knoop Veerle , Vermeiren Sofie , Vella Roberta Azzopardi , Debain Aziz , Rossi Gina , Bautmans Ivan , Verté Dominique , Gorus Ellen , De Vriendt Patricia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The relationship between frailty and disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) can be seen in different ways, with disability being—to varying degrees—a characteristic, negative outcome, or predictor of frailty. This conflation of definitions is partly a result of the different frailty tools used in research. Aiming to provide a comprehensive overview, this systematic literature search analyzed (i) if, (ii) to what extent, and (iii) how ADLs are evaluated by frailty instruments.

Research Design and Methods
A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO to identify all frailty instruments, followed by categorization of the ADL items into basic (b-), instrumental (i-), and advanced (a-) ADLs.

Results
In total, 192 articles described 217 frailty instruments, from which 52.1% contained ADL items: 45.2% b-ADLs, 35.0% i-ADLs, and 10.1% a-ADLs. The most commonly included ADL items were bathing (b-ADLs); using transportation (i-ADLs); and semiprofessional work engagement in organized social life or leisure activities (a-ADLs). These instruments all had a multidomain origin (χ 2 = 122.4, p &lt; .001).

Discussion and Implications
Because 52.1% of all instruments included ADL items, the concepts of frailty and disability appear to be highly entangled. This might lead to circular reasoning, serious concerns regarding contamination, and invalid research results.
‘Our village is dependent on us. That’s why we can’t leave our work’. Characterizing mechanisms of motivation to perform among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) in Bihar
Authors: Wahid Syed S , Munar Wolfgang , Das Sharmila , Gupta Mahima , Darmstadt Gary L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Community health workers (CHWs) play major roles in delivering primary healthcare services, linking communities to the formal health system and addressing the social determinants of health. Available evidence suggests that the performance of CHW programmes in low- and middle-income countries can be influenced by context-dependent causal mechanisms such as motivation to perform. There are gaps regarding what these mechanisms are, and what their contribution is to CHW performance. We used a theory-driven case study to characterize motivational mechanisms among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in Bihar, India. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with CHWs and focus group discussions with beneficiary women. Data were coded using a combined deductive and inductive approach. We found that ASHAs were motivated by a sense of autonomy and self-empowerment; a sense of competence, connection and community service; satisfaction of basic financial needs; social recognition; and feedback and answerability. Findings highlight the potential of ASHAs’ intrinsic motivation to increase their commitment to communities and identification with the health system and of programme implementation and management challenges as sources of work dissatisfaction. Efforts to nurture and sustain ASHAs’ intrinsic motivation while addressing these challenges are necessary for improving the performance of Bihar’s ASHA programme. Further research is needed to characterize the dynamic interactions between ASHAs’ motivation, commitment, job satisfaction and overall performance; also, to understand how work motivation is sustained or lost through time. This can inform policy and managerial reforms to improve ASHA programme’s performance.
Protective effects of BACE1 inhibitory ligand molecules against amyloid beta-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi , Reddy Arubala P , Yin Xiangling , Manczak Maria , Reddy P Hemachandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the major drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, and are formed by successive cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the beta and gamma secretases. Mounting evidence suggests that Aβ and mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities are critically involved in the loss of synapses and cognitive decline, in patients with AD. In AD brain, state the sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP by beta secretase 1 enzyme (BACE1) and γ-secretase leads to the production and release of Aβ40 and 42. BACE1 expression and activity increased in the brains of AD patients. Structurally, β-secretase has a very large binding site (1000 Å) with fewer hydrophobic domains that makes a challenge to identify the specific targets/binding sites of BACE1. In the present study, we constructed a BACE1 pharmacophore with pepstatin and screened through molecular docking studies. We found one potential candidate (referred as ligand 1) that binds to the key catalytic residues of BACE1 and predicts to inhibit abnormal APP processing and reduce Aβ levels in AD neurons. Using biochemical, molecular, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, we studied the protective effects of ligand 1 against Aβ-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells that express mutant APP. We found interaction between ligand 1 and BACE1 and this interaction decreased BACE1 activity, Aβ40 and 42 levels. We also found increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and synaptic activity and reduced mitochondrial fission in ligand 1-treated mutant APP cells. Based on these results, we cautiously conclude that ligand 1 reduces Aβ-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities, and maintains mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal function in AD.
Nr2f1 heterozygous knockout mice recapitulate neurological phenotypes of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome and show impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Chen Chun-An , Wang Wei , Pedersen Steen E , Raman Ayush , Seymour Michelle L , Ruiz Fernanda R , Xia Anping , van der Heijden Meike E , Wang Li , Yin Jiani , Lopez Joanna , Rech Megan E , Lewis Richard A , Wu Samuel M , Liu Zhandong , Pereira Fred A , Pautler Robia G , Zoghbi Huda Y , Schaaf Christian P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) has been identified as an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by a complex neurological phenotype, with high prevalence of intellectual disability and optic nerve atrophy/hypoplasia. The syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in NR2F1, which encodes a highly conserved nuclear receptor that serves as a transcriptional regulator. Previous investigations to understand the protein’s role in neurodevelopment have mostly used mouse models with constitutive and tissue-specific homozygous knockout of Nr2f1. In order to represent the human disease more accurately, which is caused by heterozygous NR2F1 mutations, we investigated a heterozygous knockout mouse model and found that this model recapitulates some of the neurological phenotypes of BBSOAS, including altered learning/memory, hearing defects, neonatal hypotonia and decreased hippocampal volume. The mice showed altered fear memory, and further electrophysiological investigation in hippocampal slices revealed significantly reduced long-term potentiation and long-term depression. These results suggest that a deficit or alteration in hippocampal synaptic plasticity may contribute to the intellectual disability frequently seen in BBSOAS. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in the adult Nr2f1+/− hippocampus, including the up-regulation of multiple matrix metalloproteases, which are known to be critical for the development and the plasticity of the nervous system. Taken together, our studies highlight the important role of Nr2f1 in neurodevelopment. The discovery of impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the heterozygous mouse model sheds light on the pathophysiology of altered memory and cognitive function in BBSOAS.
Poor ventilatory efficiency during exercise may predict prolonged air leak after pulmonary lobectomy
Authors: Brat Kristian , Chobola Milos , Homolka Pavel , Heroutova Michaela , Benej Michal , Mitas Ladislav , Olson Lyle J , Cundrle Ivan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Poor ventilatory efficiency, defined as the increase in minute ventilation relative to carbon dioxide production during exercise (VE/VCO2 slope), may be associated with dynamic hyperinflation and thereby promote the development of prolonged air leak (PAL) after lung resection. Consecutive lung lobectomy candidates (n = 96) were recruited for this prospective two-centre study. All subjects underwent pulmonary function tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing prior to surgery. PAL was defined as the presence of air leaks from the chest tube on the 5th postoperative day and developed in 28 (29%) subjects. Subjects with PAL were not different in terms of age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, type of surgery (thoracotomy/video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) and site of surgery (right/left lung; upper/lower lobes). Subjects with PAL had more frequent pleural adhesions (50% vs 21%; P = 0.006) and steeper VE/VCO2 slope (35 ± 7 vs 30 ± 5; P = 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression showed that only the presence of pleural adhesions [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–10.9; P = 0.008] and VE/VCO2 slope (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; P = 0.003) were independently associated with PAL (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.86). We conclude that a high VE/VCO2 slope during exercise may be helpful in identifying patients at greater risk for the development of PAL after lung lobectomy.
Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03498352.
Does concurrent use of intra-aortic balloon pumps improve survival in patients with cardiogenic shock requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
Authors: Wang DaoBo , Chao Victor , Yap Kok Hooi , Tan Teing Ee 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘Does concurrent use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) improve survival in patients with cardiogenic shock requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO)?’. Altogether 472 papers were found using the reported search, of which 3 level 2 systematic reviews represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. The reported comparative outcomes were mortality, weaning off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), vascular complications and non-vascular complications. One systematic review demonstrated significantly lower in-hospital mortality with concurrent use of IABP and VA-ECMO, while the other 2 studies showed no difference in mortality. One paper reported on the weaning success from ECMO and demonstrated significantly higher weaning success with concurrent IABP usage. Another paper reported on the complications and showed no differences in vascular and non-vascular complications. We conclude that there was no significant improvement in survival with the concurrent use of IABP and VA-ECMO for a cardiogenic shock as compared to the use of VA-ECMO alone. However, the concurrent use of IABP with VA-ECMO improved weaning success from VA-ECMO. The incidence of vascular and non-vascular complications was similar with or without IABP usage.
Treatment of words for illness and disability in monolingual English dictionaries
Authors: Norri Juhani 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article examines the treatment of twenty-five words for illness and disability in twenty monolingual English dictionaries. The selection of works examined includes learners’, collegiate, and general-purpose dictionaries, both British and American. The analysis focusses on the indications of offensiveness, if any, that lexicographers have included in the entries. The lexemes studied have fallen out of favour in recent decades (e.g. handicapped, midget, retard, retarded, spastic) or do not follow the principles of person-first language, in particular the recommendation that patients should not be named after their conditions (e.g. infirm, lunatic, paralytic, syphilitic as nouns). The treatment of individual terms varies quite considerably from one volume to another. Some dictionaries have clearly adopted a policy of warning readers against almost any word referring to a person with a health issue. Others are more selective in their assignment of labels and usage notes. Discussions about person-first language have clearly influenced many of the dictionaries examined.
Childhood in the digital age: a socio-cultural and legal analysis of the UK’s proposed virtual legal duty of care
Authors: Nyamutata Conrad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2019, the UK government issued an ambitious White Paper as a precursor to the regulation of ‘online harms’. This article adopts a socio-cultural and legal approach to analysing the proposed law in the context of children. How childhood is conceptualized influences public policy and legal interventions, including on the digital space. This remains a contested terrain with different conclusion on the effects of the cyberspace. The biggest challenge with legal interventions on the digital realm is the need to achieve a balance between protection and participation rights of children. The dominant conception of childhood as a period of vulnerability has meant ‘protection’ often overrides participation rights. However, such focus is the subject of challenge, with some suggesting that regulation is the product of moral panic. A further strand is the potential of disproportionate punitive measures against Internet companies against the backdrop of human rights obligations. The UK proposition is discussed within this socio-cultural and legal contexts with the objective of highlighting challenges and legal pitfalls. This article argues that Internet governance ought to give serious consideration to the new sociology of childhood.
Intrinsic and Dual Volume Deviations of Convex Bodies and Polytopes
Authors: Besau Florian , Hoehner Steven , Kur Gil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe establish estimates for the asymptotic best approximation of the Euclidean unit ball by polytopes under a notion of distance induced by the intrinsic volumes. We also introduce a notion of distance between convex bodies that is induced by the Wills functional and apply it to derive asymptotically sharp bounds for approximating the ball in high dimensions. Remarkably, it turns out that there is a polytope that is almost optimal with respect to all intrinsic volumes simultaneously, up to absolute constants.Finally, we establish asymptotic formulas for the best approximation of smooth convex bodies by polytopes with respect to a distance induced by dual volumes, which originate from Lutwak’s dual Brunn–Minkowski theory.
On Intermediate Subalgebras of C*-simple Group Actions
Authors: Amrutam Tattwamasi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that for a large class of actions $\Gamma \curvearrowright \mathcal{A}$ of $C^*$-simple groups $\Gamma $ on unital $C^*$-algebras $\mathcal{A}$, including any non-faithful action of a hyperbolic group with trivial amenable radical, every intermediate $C^*$-subalgebra $\mathcal{B}$, $C_{\lambda }^*(\Gamma )\subseteq \mathcal{B} \subseteq \mathcal{A}\rtimes _{r}\Gamma $, is of the form $\mathcal{A}_1\rtimes _{r}\Gamma $, where $\mathcal{A}_1$ is a unital $\Gamma $-$C^*$-subalgebra of $\mathcal{A}$.