bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTINGUISHING INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES FROM RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Arya Malvika , Sorour Osama , Chaudhri Juhi , Alibhai Yasin , Waheed Nadia K. , Duker Jay S. , Baumal Caroline R. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, fast, noninvasive identification of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) becomes essential. This study evaluated the utility of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterize intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) and retinal neovascularization (NV).

Methods:
Patients with severe non-PDR or PDR were imaged with fluorescein angiography and widefield swept-source OCTA (Zeiss Plex Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Regions suspicious for IRMA or retinal NV were identified and the OCTA, including flow overlay on the co-registered structural optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography images were graded by two masked readers.

Results:
Ninety-six foci of irregular vasculature were analyzed, comprised of 70 IRMA and 26 retinal NV lesions from 14 eyes. Compared with fluorescein angiography, OCTA with flow overlay demonstrated specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 92% in identifying IRMA and NV. Neovascularization differed from IRMA on OCTA by demonstrating supraretinal flow breaching the internal limiting membrane and posterior hyaloid (P < 0.001). Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities were distinguished from NV by outpouching of the internal limiting membrane (P = 0.035). Vascular flow was reduced in the presence of fibrosis.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography, through flow overlay, has utility to image and differentiate IRMA and NV, which are key features distinguishing severe non-PDR and PDR, respectively. Noninvasive widefield OCTA may be a useful tool to diagnose high-risk diabetic retinopathy eyes.
HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS IN VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Albadri Sam T. , Pulido Jose S. , Macon William R. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Salomao Diva R. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
We aimed to describe the clinical and histologic findings in a few enucleation cases with intraocular lymphoma.

Methods:
Retrospective review of pathology files from a 22-year period identified cases with intraocular lymphoma among all enucleation specimens. Patient demographics, clinical findings, laboratory results, radiographic studies, and indication for enucleation were abstracted from electronic health records; slides were reviewed.

Results:
Four patients (three women and one man; age range, sixth through eighth decades of life) underwent enucleation with a final diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma. Two patients with primary vitreoretinal large B-cell lymphomas had been treated for refractory uveitis. Specimens showed retinal and subretinal infiltrates by atypical large B-lymphocytes and rare neoplastic cells in the vitreous. The remaining two patients had systemic lymphoproliferative disorders. One patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and floaters in his eye; vitreoretinal lymphoma developed, consistent with intraocular Richter transformation. The other had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in remission; however, blurred vision developed, she was treated for panuveitis without improvement, and was later found to have ocular involvement by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusion:
Our series details the unusual circumstances when an eye is removed for intraocular lymphoma. Different patterns of ocular tissue involvement were observed when we compared primary and secondary lymphomas.
Is Early Progression to Bilateral Involvement in Menière's Disease a Poor Prognostic Indicator?
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Lee Jeon Mi , Shim Dae Bo , Jung Jinsei , Kwak Sang Hyun , Kim Sung Huhn 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To investigate differences in the clinical features of bilateral Menière's disease (BMD) with early and late bilateral involvement.

Study Design:
A retrospective case-comparison study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
In total, 25 patients with definite BMD were enrolled. Patients with bilateral involvement with a transition interval shorter than 1 month were considered to have synchronous BMD, whereas the others had metachronous BMD.

Interventions:
We investigated differences in prognosis as defined by changes in the number of vertigo attacks after treatment, demographics, comorbidities, and inner ear function according to the transition interval from unilateral to bilateral involvement.

Main Outcome Measure:
We investigated other appropriate cut-off values in the interval from first- to second-ear involvement to predict poor prognosis.

Results:
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a cut-off value of < 18-month interval exhibited maximum sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor prognosis. According to this value, we categorized patients into the early bilateral involvement group (EBIG, < 18 months’ interval) and the late bilateral involvement group (LBIG, ≥ 18 months’ interval). Patients with synchronous BMD and patients in the EBIG group exhibited poorer prognosis compared with patients with metachronous BMD and those in LBIG (p = 0.011 and p ≤ 0.001). Demographics, hearing threshold, vestibular deficit, and comorbidities were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). None of the patients exhibited systemic autoimmune disease.

Conclusion:
BMD with early bilateral progression exhibited poorer prognosis compared with late bilateral progression.
Reported CCR5-∆32 deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is explained by poor genotyping of rs62625034
Authors: Tanigawa Yosuke , Rivas Manuel A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the fall of 2018, news broke about a researcher from China who had used CRISPR gene editing to cause human babies to have a deletion in the CCR5 chemokine receptor, making them resistant to HIV infection. One of the numerous ethical concerns about this study is that the deletion may have other effects. Subsequently, Nature Medicine published a Brief Communications from Wei and Nielsen concluding that homozygotes for the CCR5-∆32 deletion have a survival probability to age 76 of 83.5% compared to 86.5% and 86.4% for the heterozygotes and the other homozygote, respectively, and that observed departures from Hardy Weinberg proportions also support selection operating on this allele1. In the study, Wei and Nielsen used a proxy variant, rs62625034 in their analysis. Here, we report that the reported CCR5-∆32 deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) inferred by Wei and Nielsen can be explained by poor genotyping of rs62625034, the variant used for their analysis.
Prediction of the functional impact of missense variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 with BRCA-ML
Authors: Hart Steven N. , Polley Eric C. , Shimelis Hermella , Yadav Siddhartha , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn silico predictions of missense variants is an important consideration when interpreting variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We trained and evaluated hundreds of machine learning algorithms based on results from validated functional assays to better predict missense variants in these genes as damaging or neutral. This new optimal “BRCA-ML” model yielded a substantially more accurate method than current algorithms for interpreting the functional impact of variants in these genes, making BRCA-ML a valuable addition to data sources for VUS classification.
Characterization of xyloglucan-specific fucosyltransferase activity in Golgi-enriched microsomal preparations from wheat seedlings
Authors: Wiemels Richard E. , Zeng Wei , Jiang Nan , Faik Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractXyloglucan (XyG) is a major hemicellulosic polymer in primary cell walls of dicotyledonous plants but represents only a minor constituent of cell walls from graminaceous monocotyledons (Poaceae). Our current information on XyG biosynthesisin vitrocomes exclusively from studies on dicotyledonous plants. While XyG has been reported in grass cell walls, there are no studies of XyG biosynthesisin vitroin grasses. In this report, we investigated XyG structure and biosynthesis in etiolated wheat seedlings and showed that their walls contain small amounts (4-14%) of XyG. Furthermore, structural analysis using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and high pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) revealed that wheat XyG may be of XXGGG-type. Interestingly, detergent extracts from root microsomes were able to fucosylate tamarind XyGin vitroin a similar way as fucosyltransferase activity fromArabidopsis thaliana(AtFUT1) and pea (PsFUT1). Endoglucanase digestion of the [14C]fucosylated-tamarind XyG formed by the wheat fucosyltransferase activity released radiolabeled oligosaccharides that co-eluted with authentic fucoslyated XyG oligosaccharides (XXFG and XLFG). Although wheat fucosyltransferase activity was low, it appeared to be specific to XyG and required divalent ions (Mg2+or Mn2+) for full activity. Together, these results suggest that the XyG fucosylation mechanism is conserved between monocots and dicots.
Mechanosensitive recruitment of BAF to the nuclear membrane inhibits nuclear E2F1 and Yap levels
Authors: Unnikannan C.P. , Reuveny Adriana , Grunberg Devora Tamar , Volk Talila 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMechanotransduction has been implicated as an important factor in regulating cell cycle progression; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we describe a novel mechano-sensitive component, namelybarrier to autointegration factor, (BAF), which regulates DNA endocycling inDrosophilamuscle fibers. We show that BAF negatively regulates DNA endoreplication by inhibiting of the nuclear entrance of E2F1 and Yap/Yorkie, two key components in cell cycle control. Furthermore, BAF localization at the nuclear membrane is mechanosensitive, as it was downregulated in LINC mutant larval muscles, or following nuclear deformation caused by disruption of nucleus-sarcomere connections. BAF forms a protein complex with E2F1, which is sensitive to BAF phosphorylation. Knockdown of BAF kinase VRK1/Ball disrupted localization of BAF at the nuclear membrane and resulted in increased E2F1 nuclear levels. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanosensitive pathway controlling BAF phosphorylation and localization at the nuclear membrane, which in turn, represses nuclear accumulation of positive cell cycle regulators.
Protocol for Community-created Public MS/MS Reference Library Within the GNPS Infrastructure
Authors: Vargas Fernando , Weldon Kelly C. , Sikora Nicole , Wang Mingxun , Zhang Zheng , Gentry Emily C. , Panitchpakdi Morgan W. , Caraballo Mauricio , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Jarmusch Alan K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRationaleA major hurdle in identifying chemicals in mass spectrometry experiments is the availability of MS/MS reference spectra in public databases. Currently, scientists purchase databases or use public databases such as GNPS. The MSMS-Chooser workflow empowers the creation of MS/MS reference spectra directly in the GNPS infrastructure.MethodsAn MSMS-Chooser sample template was completed with the required information and sequence tables were generated programmatically. Standards in methanol-water (1:1) solution (1 μM) were placed into wells individually. An LC-MS/MS system using data-dependent acquisition in positive and negative modes was used. Species that may be generated under typical ESI conditions are chosen. The MS/MS spectra and MSMS-Chooser sample template were subsequently uploaded to MSMS-Chooser in GNPS for automatic MS/MS spectral annotation.ResultsData acquisition quickly and effectively collected MS/MS spectra. MSMS-Chooser was able to accurately annotate 99.2% of the manually validated MS/MS scans that were generated from the chemical standards. The output of MSMS-Chooser includes a table ready for inclusion in the GNPS library (after inspection) as well as the ability to directly launch searches via MASST. Altogether, the data acquisition, processing, and upload to GNPS took ~2 hours for our proof-of-concept results.ConclusionsThe MSMS-Chooser workflow enables the rapid data acquisition, analysis, and annotation of chemical standards, and uploads the MS/MS spectra to community-driven GNPS. MSMS-Chooser democratizes the creation of MS/MS reference spectra in GNPS which will improve annotation and strengthen the tools which use the annotation information.
Directed connectivity between primary and premotor areas underlying ankle force control in young and older adults
Authors: Spedden Meaghan Elizabeth , Beck Mikkel Malling , Christensen Mark Schram , Dietz Martin Jensen , Karabanov Anke Ninija , Geertsen Svend Sparre , Nielsen Jens Bo , Lundbye-Jensen Jesper 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe control of ankle muscle force is an integral component of walking and postural control. Aging impairs the ability to produce force steadily and accurately, which can compromise functional capacity and quality of life. Here, we hypothesized that reduced force control in older adults would be associated with altered cortico-cortical communication within a network comprising the primary motor area (M1), the premotor cortex (PMC), parietal, and prefrontal regions. We examined electroencephalographic (EEG) responses from fifteen younger (20-26 yr) and fifteen older (65-73 yr) participants during a unilateral dorsiflexion force-tracing task. Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) were used to investigate how directed connectivity between contralateral M1, PMC, parietal, and prefrontal regions was related to age group and precision in force production. DCM and PEB analyses revealed that the strength of connections between PMC and M1 were related to ankle force precision and differed by age group. For young adults, bidirectional PMC-M1 coupling was negatively related to task performance: stronger backward M1-PMC and forward PMC-M1 coupling was associated with worse force precision. The older group exhibited deviations from this pattern. For the PMC to M1 coupling, there were no age-group differences in coupling strength; however, within the older group, stronger coupling was associated with better performance. For the M1 to PMC coupling, older adults followed the same pattern as young adults - with stronger coupling accompanied by worse performance - but coupling strength was lower than in the young group. Our results suggest that bidirectional M1-PMC communication is related to precision in ankle force production and that this relationship changes with aging. We argue that the observed age-related differences reflect compensatory mechanisms whereby older adults maintain performance in the face of declines in the sensorimotor system.
The use of CRISPR for variant specificity in the genetic diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID)
Authors: Mann Tiffeney , Smith Amy , Spencer Sarah , Russell Alasdair , Thaventhiran James 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe functional validation of genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS) found in PID patients by next-generation sequencing has traditionally been carried out in model systems that are susceptible to artefact. We use CRISPR correction of primary human T lymphocytes to demonstrate that a specific variant in an IL-6R deficient patient is causative for their condition. This methodology can be adapted and used for variant assessment of the heterogeneous genetic defects that affect T lymphocytes in PID.
Cognition across the lifespan: age, gender, and sociodemographic influences
Authors: Nichols E. S. , Wild C. J. , Owen A. M. , Soddu A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaintaining cognitive health across the lifespan has been the focus of a multi-billion-dollar industry. In order to guide treatment and interventions, a clear understanding of the way that proficiency in different cognitive domains develops and declines across the lifespan is necessary. Additionally, there are gender differences in a range of other factors, such as anxiety and substance use, that are also known to affect cognition, although the scale of this interaction is unknown. Our objective was to assess differences in cognitive function across the lifespan in men and women in a large, representative sample. Leveraging online cognitive testing, a sample of 18,902 men and women ranging in age from 12-69 matched on socio-demographic factors were studied. Segmented regression was used to model three cognitive domains – short-term memory, verbal abilities, and reasoning. Gender differences in all three domains were minimal; however, after broadening the sample in terms of socio-demographic factors, gender differences appeared. These results suggest that cognition across the lifespan differs for men and women, but is greatly influenced by environmental factors. We discuss these findings within a framework that describes gender differences in cognition as likely guided by a complex interplay between biology and environment.
Gene-environment interactions characterized by single embryo transcriptomics
Authors: Sidik Alfire , Dixon Groves B. , Kirby Hannah G. , Eberhart Johann K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGene-environment interactions are likely to underlie most human birth defects. The most common environmental contributor to birth defects is likely prenatal alcohol exposure. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describes the full range of defects that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. Gene-ethanol interactions underlie susceptibility to FASD but we lack a mechanistic understanding of these interactions. Here, we leverage the genetic tractability of zebrafish to address this problem. We first show thatvangl2, a member of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway that mediates convergent extension movements, strongly interacts with ethanol during late blastula and early gastrula stages. Embryos mutant or heterozygous forvangl2are sensitized to ethanol- induced midfacial hypoplasia. We performed single-embryo RNA-Seq during early embryonic stages, to assess individual variation to the transcriptional response to ethanol and determine the mechanism of thevangl2-ethanol interaction. To identify the pathway(s) that are disrupted by ethanol we used these global changes in gene expression to identify small molecules that mimic the effects of ethanol via the Library of Integrated Network- based Cellular Signatures (LINCS L1000) dataset. Surprisingly, this dataset predicted that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, would mimic the effects of ethanol, despite the fact that ethanol did not alter the expression levels of direct targets of Shh signaling. Indeed, we found that ethanol and cyclopamine strongly interact to disrupt midfacial development. Collectively, these results suggest that the midfacial defects in ethanol-exposedvangl2mutants are due to an indirect interaction between ethanol and the Shh pathway. Vangl2 functions as part of a signaling pathway that regulates coordinated cell movements during midfacial development. Consistent with an indirect model, a critical source of Shh signaling that separates the developing eye field into bilateral eyes, allowing the expansion of the midface, becomes mispositioned in ethanol-exposedvangl2mutants. We demonstrate that ethanol also interacts with another Wnt/PCP pathway member,gpc4, and a chemical inhibitor, blebbistatin. By characterizing membrane protrusions, we demonstrate that ethanol synergistically interacts with the loss ofvangl2to disrupt cell polarity required for convergent extension movements. Collectively, our results shed light on the mechanism by which the most common teratogen can disrupt development.
Family socioeconomic status and students’ choice of STEM majors
Authors: Sovansophal Kao 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the trends of Cambodian government scholarship students’ choice of academic major; the significant association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors, and the patterns of STEM major choices across demographic and geographical characteristics.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive analysis and cross-tabulation statistical tests were employed to analyze the data of 1,000 students drawn from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport scholarships database of 2018. The study employed a correlational study design.FindingsFindings revealed that the Cambodian government scholarship students were more inclined to major in social science than science and engineering-related fields. Findings also positioned that students’ choice of STEM majors was significantly associated with family SES, gender and locality. Students from families with higher SES, male students and students from the provinces were more likely to choose STEM majors than their counterparts.Originality/valueThese findings point to some practical considerations on how to maximize low SES students’ enrollment in STEM majors at a higher education of Cambodia.
Ambidextrous intellectual capital in the haute cuisine sector
Authors: Fernández-Pérez de la Lastra Susana , Martín-Alcázar Fernando , Sánchez-Gardey Gonzalo 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to conceptualize organizational ambidexterity and intellectual capital in the haute cuisine sector, describing their interrelation. Specifically, the study draws on the dimensions of intellectual capital as a lens to understand ambidextrous capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
Three research questions were addressed using a qualitative methodology. The researchers conducted ten interviews with sector experts from haute cuisine restaurants.

Findings
The paper identifies the constituents of organizational ambidexterity and intellectual capital in the haute cuisine sector. It also frames how these elements interrelate each other to allow the generation of ambidextrous capabilities.

Research limitations/implications
The investigation was conducted in only one country and a single sector.

Practical implications
The study provides guidance for haute cuisine restaurant managers to simultaneously develop innovation and efficiency in everyday activities, without having to choose between these two strategic objectives. Results show they must focus on human capital, which is one of the most important strategic resources in haute cuisine restaurants. This paper can help managers to design the organizational structures, processes and routines that allow haute cuisine restaurants to be ambidextrous.

Originality/value
The understanding of organizational ambidexterity and intellectual capital, and their integration, is critical for successful hospitality operations; however, research in this area is still limited. This integration can help haute cuisine restaurants to develop ambidextrous capabilities through their intellectual capital, establishing mechanisms to integrate individuals and group capabilities within the organizations.