bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISSEMINATION METHOD FOR STANDARD METER RATIO USING TWO DC VOLTAGE STANDARD SOURCES
Authors: Sardjono Hadi 
Published: February 2019

<p class="04Het-Abstract">ABSTRACT</p><p class="04Het-Abstract"> </p><p class="04Het-Abstract">Since 2004, Research Center for Metrology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCM – LIPI) has maintained the DC voltage standard traceability from 1.018 V up to 1000 V based on two standard source types, that work as secondary standards, namely standard cell groups and a multifunction calibrator. In this research, a new method was developed in maintaining the tertiary standard accuracy using a ratio meter. The accuracy of the standard meter ratio could be achieved by a dissemination process. This dissemination process was validated using an error number (En) through a comparison between two voltage standards obtained from indirect measurement method and direct measurement method. The result showed that the standard meter ratio validated on 3 ranges of comparison measurement namely 1.018:1.018, 1.018:10, and 1.018:100 gave En values of 0.87, 0.05, and -0.041 respectively.</p>
EVALUASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU PRODUK RAJUNGAN “VALUE ADDED” UNTUK MEGURANGI KOMPLAIN KONSUMEN DI PABRIK PENGOLAHAN RAJUNGAN VALUE ADDED LAMPUNG
Authors: Amelia Okta 
Published: February 2019

<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>k</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p>Pabrik pengolahan rajungan di Propinsi Lampung telah menerapkan Sistem Manajemen Mutu Produk (SMMP) sejak tahun 1998. Walaupun telah menerapkan SMMP, pabrik tersebut masih dikomplain oleh konsumennya karena mutu produk hasil olahannya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi SMMP “value added” rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) untuk menyusun strategi perbaikan SMMP, dan menerapkan strategi perbaikan SMMP untuk mengurangi komplain konsumen. Metode survei dan wawancara diterapkan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab komplain konsumen. . Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap yaitu tahap evaluasi SMMP dan tahap implementasi hasil evaluasi SMMP. Evaluasi SMMP meghasilkan 3 prioritas perbaikan SMMP yang dianalisa dengan metode AHP. Tiga prioritas tersebut yaitu (1) memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana ruang produksi sesuai dengan persyaratan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) khususnya penambahan lampu UV untuk memudahkan pengecekkan serpihan benda asing agar tidak terikut dalam daging rajungan, (2) memotivasi seluruh karyawan untuk bekerja mengikuti SMMP yang telah diperbaiki secara ketat, dan (3) memonitor dan mengevaluasi hasil kerja seluruh karyawan sesuai dengan SMMP yang telah diperbaiki. Sejak implementasi 3 prioritas SMMP tersebut, komplain konsumen tidak terjadi lagi selama enam bulan terakhir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dapat menghindari kerugian finansial akibat komplain konsumen sebesar Rp. 400.000.000 (empat ratus juta rupiah) lebih per tahun.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>:SMMP, HACCP, Rajungan.</p>
Assessment of motion error for frame-based and noninvasive mask-based fixation using the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon radiosurgery system
Authors: Carminucci Arthur , Nie Ke , Weiner Joseph , Hargreaves Eric , Danish Shabbar F. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEThe Leksell Gamma Knife Icon (GK Icon) radiosurgery system can utilize cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate motion error. This study compares the accuracy of frame-based and frameless mask-based fixation using the Icon system.METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients who had undergone radiosurgery with the GK Icon system between June and December 2017. Patients were immobilized in either a stereotactic head frame or a noninvasive thermoplastic mask with stereotactic infrared (IR) camera monitoring. Setup error was defined as displacement of the skull in the stereotactic space upon setup as noted on pretreatment CBCT compared to its position in the stereotactic space defined by planning MRI for frame patients and defined as skull displacement on planning CBCT compared to its position on pretreatment CBCT for mask patients. For frame patients, the intrafractionation motion was measured by comparing pretreatment and posttreatment CBCT. For mask patients, the intrafractionation motion was evaluated by comparing pretreatment CBCT and additional CBCT obtained during the treatment. The translational and rotational errors were recorded.RESULTSData were collected from 77 patients undergoing SRS with the GK Icon. Sixty-four patients underwent frame fixation, with pre- and posttreatment CBCT studies obtained. Thirteen patients were treated using mask fixation to deliver a total of 33 treatment fractions. Mean setup and intrafraction translational and rotation errors were small for both fixation systems, within 1 mm and 1° in all axes. Yet mask fixation demonstrated significantly larger intrafraction errors than frame fixation. Also, there was greater variability in both setup and intrafraction errors for mask fixation than for frame fixation in all translational and rotational directions. Whether the GK treatment was for metastasis or nonmetastasis did not influence motion uncertainties between the two fixation types. Additionally, monitoring IR-based intrafraction motion for mask fixation—i.e., the number of treatment stoppages due to reaching the IR displacement threshold—correlated with increasing treatment time.CONCLUSIONSCompared to frame-based fixation, mask-based fixation demonstrated larger motion variations. The variability in motion error associated with mask fixation must be taken into account when planning for small lesions or lesions near critical structures.
Assessment of MR stereotactic imaging and image co-registration accuracy for 3 different MR scanners by 3 different methods/phantoms: phantom and patient study
Authors: Paštyková Veronika , Novotný Josef , Veselský Tomáš , Urgošík Dušan , Liščák Roman , Vymazal Josef 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to compare 3 different methods to assess the geometrical distortion of two 1.5-T and one 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanners and to evaluate co-registration accuracy. The overall uncertainty of each particular method was also evaluated.METHODSThree different MR phantoms were used: 2 commercial CIRS skull phantoms and PTGR known target phantom and 1 custom cylindrical Perspex phantom made in-house. All phantoms were fixed in the Leksell stereotactic frame and examined by a Siemens Somatom CT unit, two 1.5-T Siemens (Avanto and Symphony) MRI systems, and one 3-T Siemens (Skyra) MRI system. The images were evaluated using Leksell GammaPlan software, and geometrical deviation of the selected points from the reference values were determined. The deviations were further investigated for both definitions including fiducial-based and co-registration–based in the case of the CIRS phantom images. The same co-registration accuracy assessment was also performed for a clinical case. Patient stereotactic imaging was done on 3-T Skyra, 1.5-T Avanto, and CT scanners.RESULTSThe accuracy of the CT scanner was determined as 0.10, 0.30, and 0.30 mm for X, Y, and Z coordinates, respectively. The total estimated uncertainty in distortion measurement in one coordinate was determined to be 0.32 mm and 0.14 mm, respectively, for methods using and not using CT as reference imaging. Slightly more significant distortions were observed when using the 3-T than either 1.5-T MR units. However, all scanners were comparable within the estimated measurement error. Observed deviation/distortion for individual X, Y, and Z stereotactic coordinates was typically within 0.50 mm for all 3 scanners and all 3 measurement methods employed. The total radial deviation/distortion was typically within 1.00 mm. Maximum total radial distortion was observed when the CIRS phantom was used; 1.08 ± 0.49 mm, 1.15 ± 0.48 mm, and 1.35 ± 0.49 mm for Symphony, Avanto, and Skyra, respectively. The co-registration process improved image stereotactic definition in a clinical case in which fiducial-based stereotactic definition was not accurate; this was demonstrated for 3-T stereotactic imaging in this study. The best results were shown for 3-T MR image co-registration with CT images improving image stereotactic definition by about 0.50 mm. The results obtained with patient data provided a similar trend of improvement in stereotactic definition by co-registration.CONCLUSIONSAll 3 methods/phantoms used were evaluated as satisfactory for the image distortion measurement. The method using the PTGR phantom had the lowest uncertainty as no reference CT imaging was needed. Image co-registration can improve stereotactic image definition when fiducial-based definition is not accurate.
Medial Gamma Knife thalamotomy for intractable pain
Authors: Urgosik Dusan , Liscak Roman 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEAblative procedures are still useful in the treatment of intractable pain despite the proliferation of neuromodulation techniques. In the paper the authors present the results of Gamma Knife thalamotomy (GKT) in various pain syndromes.METHODSBetween 1996 and 2016, unilateral GKT was performed in 30 patients suffering from various severe pain syndromes in whom conservative treatment had failed. There were 20 women and 10 men in the study population, with a median age of 80 years (range 53–89 years). The pain syndromes consisted of 8 patients with classic treatment-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN), 6 with postherpetic TN, 5 with TN and constant pain, 1 with TN related to multiple sclerosis, 3 with trigeminal neuropathic pain, 4 with thalamic pain, 1 with phantom pain, 1 with causalgic pain, and 1 with facial pain. The median follow-up period was 24 months (range 12–180 months). Invasive procedures for pain release preceded GKT in 20 patients (microvascular decompression, glycerol rhizotomy, balloon microcompression, Gamma Knife irradiation of the trigeminal root, and radiofrequency thermolesion). The Leksell stereotactic frame, GammaPlan software, and T1- and T2-weighted sequences acquired at 1.5 T were used for localization of the targeted medial thalamus, namely the centromedian (CM) and parafascicularis (Pf) nucleus. The CM/Pf complex was localized 4–6 mm lateral to the wall of the third ventricle, 8 mm posterior to the midpoint, and 2–3 mm superior to the intercommissural line. GKT was performed using the Leksell Gamma Knife with an applied dose ranging from 145 to 150 Gy, with a single shot, 4-mm collimator. Pain relief after radiation treatment was evaluated. Decreased pain intensity to less than 50% of the previous level was considered successful.RESULTSInitial successful results were achieved in 13 (43.3%) of the patients, with complete pain relief in 1 of these patients. Relief was achieved after a median latency of 3 months (range 2–12 months). Pain recurred in 4 (31%) of 13 patients after a median latent interval of 24 months (range 22–30 months). No neurological deficits were observed.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that GKT in patients suffering from severe pain syndromes is a relatively successful and safe method that can be used even in severely affected patients. The only risk of GT for the patients in this study was failure of treatment, as no clinical side effects were observed.
Neurocognitive changes in pituitary adenoma patients after Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Tooze Alana , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEPituitary adenomas and the treatment required for the underlying neuropathology have frequently been associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms for these impairments remain the subject of much debate. The authors evaluated cognitive outcomes in patients treated with or without Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for an underlying pituitary adenoma.METHODSThis was a retrospective, institutional review board–approved, single-institution study. A total of 51 patients (23 male, 28 female) treated for pituitary adenoma were included in this neurocognitive study. Twenty-one patients underwent GKRS following transsphenoidal surgery, 22 patients were treated with transsphenoidal surgery alone, and eight patients were conservatively managed or were treated with medical management alone. Comparisons using psychometric tests of general intellectual abilities, memory, and executive functions were made between the treatment groups, between male and female patients, and between patients with Cushing’s disease and those with nonfunctioning adenoma (NFA).RESULTSThe entire patient sample, the NFA group, and the GKRS group scored significantly below expected on measures of both immediate and delayed memory, particularly for visually presented information (p ≤ 0.05); however, there were no significant differences between the patients with Cushing’s disease and those with NFA (t ≤ 0.56, p ≥ 0.52). In those who underwent GKRS, memory scores were not significantly different from those in the patients who did not undergo GKRS (t ≤ 1.32, p ≥ 0.19). Male patients across the sample were more likely to demonstrate impairments in both immediate memory (t = −3.41, p = 0.003) and delayed memory (t = −3.80, p = 0.001) than were female patients (t ≤ 1.09, p ≥ 0.29). There were no impairments on measures of general intellectual functioning or executive functions in any patient group. The potential contributions of tumor size and hormone levels are discussed.CONCLUSIONSOverall, pituitary adenoma patients demonstrated relative impairment in anterograde memory. However, GKRS did not lead to adverse effects for immediate or delayed memory in pituitary adenoma patients. Cognitive assessment of pituitary adenoma patients is important in their longitudinal care.
A novel index for assessing treatment plan quality in stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Dimitriadis Alexis , Paddick Ian 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is characterized by high levels of conformity and steep dose gradients from the periphery of the target to surrounding tissue. Clinical studies have backed up the importance of these factors through evidence of symptomatic complications. Available data suggest that there are threshold doses above which the risk of symptomatic radionecrosis increases with the volume irradiated. Therefore, radiosurgical treatment plans should be optimized by minimizing dose to the surrounding tissue while maximizing dose to the target volume. Several metrics have been proposed to quantify radiosurgical plan quality, but all present certain weaknesses. To overcome limitations of the currently used metrics, a novel metric is proposed, the efficiency index (η50%), which is based on the principle of calculating integral doses: η50% = integral doseTV/integral dosePIV50%.METHODSThe value of η50% can be easily calculated by dividing the integral dose (mean dose × volume) to the target volume (TV) by the integral dose to the volume of 50% of the prescription isodose (PIV50%). Alternatively, differential dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of the TV and PIV50% can be used. The resulting η50% value is effectively the proportion of energy within the PIV50% that falls into the target. This value has theoretical limits of 0 and 1, with 1 being perfect. The index combines conformity, gradient, and mean dose to the target into a single value. The value of η50% was retrospectively calculated for 100 clinical SRS plans.RESULTSThe value of η50% for the 100 clinical SRS plans ranged from 37.7% to 58.0% with a mean value of 49.0%. This study also showed that the same principles used for the calculation of η50% can be adapted to produce an index suitable for multiple-target plans (Gη12Gy). Furthermore, the authors present another adaptation of the index that may play a role in plan optimization by calculating and minimizing the proportion of energy delivered to surrounding organs at risk (OARη50%).CONCLUSIONSThe proposed efficiency index is a novel approach in quantifying plan quality by combining conformity, gradient, and mean dose into a single value. It quantifies the ratio of the dose “doing good” versus the dose “doing harm,” and its adaptations can be used for multiple-target plan optimization and OAR sparing.
Gamma knife treatment for multiple metastatic brain tumors compared with whole-brain radiation therapy
Authors: Serizawa Toru , Iuchi Toshihiko , Ono Junichi , Saeki Naokatsu , Osato Katsunobu , Odaki Masaru , Ushikubo Osamu , Hirai Shinji , Sato Motoki , Matsuda Shinji 
Published: February 2019

Object. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effectiveness of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for multiple cerebral metastases with that of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT).
Methods. Ninety-six consecutive patients with cerebral metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer were treated between 1990 and 1999. The entry criteria were the presence of between one and 10 multiple brain lesions at initial diagnosis, no surgically inaccessible tumors with more than a 30-mm diameter, no carcinomatous meningitis, and more than 2 months of life expectancy. The patients were divided into two groups: the GKS group (62 patients) and the WBRT group (34 patients).
In the GKS group, large lesions (> 30 mm) were removed surgically and all other small lesions (≤ 30 mm) were treated by GKS. New distant lesions were treated by repeated GKS without prophylactic WBRT. In the WBRT group, the patients were treated by the traditional combined therapy of WBRT and surgery. In both groups, chemotherapy was administered according to the primary physician's protocol. The two groups did not differ in terms of age, sex, initial Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, type, lesion number, and size of lesion, systemic control, and chemotherapy.
Neurological survival and qualitative survival of the GKS group were longer than those of the WBRT group. In multivariate analysis, significant poor prognostic factors were systemically uncontrolled patients, WBRT group, and poor initial KPS score.
Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery without prophylactic WBRT could be a primary choice of treatment for patients with as many as 10 cerebral metastases from nonsmall cell cancer.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for brainstem arteriovenous malformations: preliminary results
Authors: Massager Nicolas , Régis Jean , Kondziolka Douglas , Njee Théodore , Levivier Marc 
Published: February 2019

Object. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located within the brainstem.
Methods. The results of GKS performed in 87 patients with brainstem AVMs at two centers with experienced physicians are reviewed. The mean patient age was 37 years and the population included 19 children. The male/female ratio was 56:31. The malformation was located in the upper brainstem in 52 patients. Seventy-four percent of the patients had suffered a hemorrhage before GKS. For 70% of the patients no other treatment had been proposed before GKS. The mean AVM volume was 1.3 cm3. The lesions were treated with one to eight isocenters, with a margin dose ranging between 11.5 Gy and 30 Gy. The mean clinical follow-up period was 3.2 years. Ninety-five percent of the patients improved or remained neurologically stable. Rebleeding occurred in three patients at 3, 6, and 16 months, respectively, after GKS. Two patients in whom rebleeding occured recovered, and one died. The AVM obliteration rate was 63% at 2 years and 73% at 3 years after GKS. A second GKS was performed in six patients in whom only partial obliteration was demonstrated on angiography 3 years after the first procedure.
Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery may be a valuable first-choice therapy for the treatment of AVMs located within the brainstem.
Gamma knife radiosurgery as a single treatment modality for large cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Pan D. Hung-Chi , Guo Wan-Yuo , Chung Wen-Yuh , Shiau Cheng-Ying , Chang Yue-Cune , Wang Ling-Wei 
Published: February 2019

Object. A consecutive series of 240 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) between March 1993 and March 1999 was evaluated to assess the efficacy and safety of radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs larger than 10 cm3 in volume.
Methods. Seventy-six patients (32%) had AVM nidus volumes of more than 10 cm3. During radiosurgery, targeting and delineation of AVM nidi were based on integrated stereotactic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and x-ray angiography. The radiation treatment was performed using multiple small isocenters to improve conformity of the treatment volume. The mean dose inside the nidus was kept between 20 Gy and 24 Gy. The margin dose ranged between 15 to 18 Gy placed at the 55 to 60% isodose centers. Follow up ranged from 12 to 73 months.
There was complete obliteration in 24 patients with an AVM volume of more than 10 cm3 and in 91 patients with an AVM volume of less than 10 cm3. The latency for complete obliteration in larger-volume AVMs was significantly longer. In Kaplan—Meier analysis, the complete obliteration rate in 40 months was 77% in AVMs with volumes between 10 to 15 cm3, as compared with 25% for AVMs with a volume of more than 15 cm3. In the latter, the obliteration rate had increased to 58% at 50 months. The follow-up MR images revealed that large-volume AVMs had higher incidences of postradiosurgical edema, petechiae, and hemorrhage. The bleeding rate before cure was 9.2% (seven of 76) for AVMs with a volume exceeding 10 cm3, and 1.8% (three of 164) for AVMs with a volume less than 10 cm3. Although focal edema was more frequently found in large AVMs, most of the cases were reversible. Permanent neurological complications were found in 3.9% (three of 76) of the patients with an AVM volume of more than 10 cm3, 3.8% (three of 80) of those with AVM volume of 3 to 10 cm3, and 2.4% (two of 84) of those with an AVM volume less than 3 cm3. These differences in complications rate were not significant.
Conclusions. Recent improvement of radiosurgery in conjunction with stereotactic MR targeting and multiplanar dose planning has permitted the treatment of larger AVMs. It is suggested that gamma knife radiosurgery is effective for treating AVMs as large as 30 cm3 in volume with an acceptable risk.