bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biallelic human ITCH variants causing a multisystem disease with dysmorphic features: A second report
Authors: Brittain Helen K. , Feary Johanna , Rosenthal Mark , Spoudeas Helen ,   Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study, Wilson Louise C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a 23 year old female with biallelic truncating variants in the ITCH (Itchy E3 Ubiquitin protein ligase, mouse homolog of; OMIM60649) gene associated with marked short stature, severe early onset chronic lung disease resembling asthma, dysmorphic facial features, and symmetrical camptodactyly of the fingers but normal intellect. The condition has only been reported once previously (Lohr et al., American Journal of Human Genetics, 2010, 86, 447–453) in 10 children from an Old Order Amish family found to have a homozygous frameshift truncating variant in association with failure to thrive, chronic lung disease, motor and cognitive delay, and variable autoimmune diseases including autoimmune hepatitis, enteropathy, hypothyroidism, and diabetes. The condition is listed in OMIM as Autoimmune disease, Multisystem with Facial Dysmorphism (OMIM613385). The clinical course as well as the dysmorphic facial and limb features overlap closely with our patient. We believe the triad of marked syndromic short stature, chronic lung disease, and dysmorphism (with or without cognitive impairment and wider autoimmune involvement) is distinctive.
5‐(Cyano)dibenzothiophenium Triflate: A Sulfur‐Based Reagent for Electrophilic Cyanation and Cyanocyclizations
Authors: Li Xiangdong , Golz Christopher , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of 5‐(cyano)dibenzothiophenium triflate 9, prepared by activation of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene‐5‐oxide with Tf2O and subsequent reaction with TMSCN is reported, and its reactivity as electrophilic cyanation reagent evaluated. The scalable preparation, easy handling and broad substrate scope of the electrophilic cyanation promoted by 9, which includes amines, thiols, silyl enol ethers, alkenes, electron rich (hetero)arenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, illustrate the synthetic potential of this reagent. Importantly, Lewis acid activation of the reagent is not required for the transfer process. We additionally report herein biomimetic cyanocyclization cascade reactions, which are not promoted by typical electrophilic cyanation reagents, demonstrating the superior ability of 9 to trigger challenging transformations.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroamination of Allenes
Authors: Berthold Dino , Geissler Arne G. A. , Giofré Sabrina , Breit Bernhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination of sulfonyl amides with terminal allenes is reported. It provides selective access to 5‐ and 6‐membered N‐heterocycles, scaffolds found in a large range of different bioactive compounds. Moreover, gram scale reactions, as well as the application of suitable product transformations to natural products and key intermediates thereof are demonstrated.
Sharps Injuries during Dissection: A Five‐Year Retrospective Study in the Context of Safety
Authors: Foytl Jakub , Chisholm Fraser , Varsou Ourania 
Published: May 2019

The supplementation of lecture‐based anatomy teaching with laboratory sessions, involving dissection or anatomical specimens, is commonly used. Hands‐on dissection allows students to handle instruments correctly while actively exploring three‐dimensional anatomy. However, dissection carries a potential risk of sharps and splash injuries. The aim of this study was to quantify the frequency rate of such cases per 1,000 student‐hours of dissection and identify potential factors than might influence safety in anatomy laboratories. Data were retrospectively collected from September 2013 to June 2018 at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK. Overall, 35 sharps injuries were recorded in undergraduate medical students, with a frequency rate of 0.384 and no splash cases. A statistically significant, moderate negative association between year of study and frequency rate (rho(25) = −0.663; P < 0.001) was noted. A statistically significant difference in the frequency rate between different semester modules (χ2(4) = 13.577, P = 0.009) was observed with the difference being between Year 1 Semester 2 and Year 3 Semester 1 (P = 0.004). The decreasing trend with advancing year of study might be linked to increasing dissecting experience or the surface area of the region dissected. The following factors might have contributed to increased safety influencing frequency rates: single‐handed blade removal systems; mandatory personal protective equipment; and having only one student dissecting at a given time. The authors propose that safety familiarization alongside standardized training and safety measures, as part of an evidence‐based culture shift, will instill safety conscious behaviors and reduce injuries in anatomy laboratories.
The neural and genetic correlates of satisfying sexual activity in heterosexual pair‐bonds
Authors: Acevedo Bianca P. , Poulin Michael J. , Geher Glenn , Grafton Scott , Brown Lucy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn humans, satisfying sexual activity within a pair‐bond plays a significant role in relationship quality and maintenance, beyond reproduction. However, the neural and genetic correlates for this basic species‐supporting function, in response to a pair‐bonded partner, are unknown.MethodsWe examined the neural correlates of oxytocin‐ (Oxtr rs53576) and vasopressin‐ (Avpr1a rs3) receptor genotypes with sexual satisfaction and frequency, among a group of individuals in pair‐bonds (M relationship length = 4.1 years). Participants were scanned twice (with functional MRI), about 1‐year apart, while viewing face images of their spouse and a familiar, neutral acquaintance.ResultsSex satisfaction scores showed significant interactions with Oxtr and Avpr variants associated with social behaviors in a broad network of regions involved in reward and motivation (ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra [SN], and caudate), social bonding (ventral pallidum), emotion and memory (amygdala/hippocampus), hormone control (hypothalamus); and somatosensory and self‐other processing (SII, frontal, and temporal lobe). Sexual frequency interactions also showed activations in the SN and paraventricular hypothalamus for Avpr, and the prefrontal cortex for Oxtr.ConclusionsSatisfying sexual activity in pair‐bonds is associated with activation of subcortical structures that support basic motivational and physiological processes; as well as cortical regions that mediate complex thinking, empathy, and self‐other processes highlighting the multifaceted role of sex in pair‐bonds. Oxtr and Avpr gene variants may further amplify both basic and complex neural processes for pair‐bond conservation and well‐being.
Machine Learning for Computational Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Schlexer Lamoureux Philomena , Winther Kirsten T. , Garrido Torres Jose Antonio , Streibel Verena , Zhao Meng , Bajdich Michal , Abild‐Pedersen Frank , Bligaard Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBig data and artificial intelligence has revolutionized science in almost every field – from economics to physics. In the area of materials science and computational heterogeneous catalysis, this revolution has led to the development of scientific data repositories, as well as data mining and machine learning tools to investigate the vast materials space. The goal of using these tools is to establish a deeper understanding of the relations between materials properties and activity, selectivity and stability – the important figures of merit in catalysis. Based on these insights, catalyst design principles can be established, which hopefully lead us to discover highly efficient catalysts to solve pressing issues for a sustainable future and the synthesis of highly functional materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The inherent complexity of catalytic reactions quests for machine learning methods to efficiently navigate through the high‐dimensional hyper‐surfaces in structure optimization problems to determine relevant chemical structures and transition states. In this review, we show how cutting edge data infrastructures and machine learning methods are being used to address problems in computational heterogeneous catalysis.
Substitution of an Internal Disulfide Bridge with a Diselenide Enhances both Foldability and Stability of Human Insulin
Authors: Weil‐Ktorza Orit , Rege Nischay , Lansky Shifra , Shalev Deborah E. , Shoham Gil , Weiss Michael A. , Metanis Norman 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Norman Metanis at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Michael A. Weiss at the Indiana University School of Medicine. The image depicts a simple method for the preparation of new insulin analogues with a particular interest in more stable analogues with extended shelf life. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201900892.
Undertreatment of women with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Park Annie , Alabaster Amy , Shen Hanjie , Mell Loren K. , Katzel Jed A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIt is difficult to predict whether a patient with head and neck cancer (HNC) is more likely to die of the cancer or another comorbidity. Competing event models can help to identify individual patients or groups of patients who may be undertreated or overtreated in clinical practice.MethodsPatients with HNC (n = 884), aged 18 to 85 years and diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 with stage II to IVB disease according to the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer system, were identified. With a generalized competing event (GCE) model that controlled for age, sex, tumor site, surgical treatment, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the association between these factors and the relative hazard for cancer mortality was determined. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of receiving platinum‐based chemoradiotherapy or a less intensive therapy, with adjustments made for age, sex, tumor site, CCI, stage, smoking, and alcohol abuse history.ResultsCompared with men, women had an increased relative hazard ratio for death from HNC versus other causes, which was reported as an adjusted ω+ ratio comparing women with men (ω+ ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09‐3.49), even though they were less likely to receive intensive chemoradiotherapy than men (adjusted odds ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48‐0.99).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that women in this cohort may be undertreated in clinical practice and potentially miss the opportunity for their HNC to be aggressively treated. This study supports the use of GCE models to identify patients who are potentially undertreated and may also help to guide future research in health disparities.
A randomised bite force study assessing two currently marketed denture adhesive products compared with no‐adhesive control
Authors: Varghese Roshan , Burnett Gary R. , Souverain Audrey , Patil Avinash , Gossweiler Ana G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnlike other oral care products, there are limited technologies in the denture adhesive category with the majority based on polymethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) polymer. Carbomer‐based denture adhesives are less well studied, and there are few clinical studies directly comparing performance of denture adhesives based on different technologies. This single‐centre, randomised, three‐treatment, three‐period, examiner‐blind, crossover study compared a carbomer‐based denture adhesive (Test adhesive) with a PVM/MA‐based adhesive (Reference adhesive) and no adhesive using incisal bite force measurements (area over baseline over 12 hr; AOB0–12) in participants with a well‐made and at least moderately well‐fitting complete maxillary denture. Eligible participants were randomised to a treatment sequence and bit on a force transducer with increasing force until their maxillary denture dislodged. This procedure was performed prior to treatment application (baseline) and at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hr following application. Forty‐four participants were included in the modified intent‐to‐treat population. AOB0–12 favoured both Test adhesive to No adhesive (difference: 2.12 lbs; 95% CI [1.25, 3.00]; p < 0.0001) and Reference adhesive to No adhesive (difference: 2.76 lbs; 95% CI [1.89, 3.63]; p < 0.0001). There was a numerical difference in AOB0–12 for Test versus Reference adhesive (−0.63 lbs; [−1.51, 0.25]); however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.1555). Treatments were generally well tolerated. Both PVM/MA and carbomer‐based denture adhesives demonstrated statistically significantly superior denture retention compared with no adhesive over 12 hr, with no statistically significant difference between adhesives.
Understanding the limits to species‐wide demographic generalizations: the ecology and management of Parkinsonia aculeata
Authors: Pichancourt J‐B. , van Klinken R. D. , Raghu S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe search for generalizations in the face of complex species–environment interactions is particularly important for minimizing the cost of managing populations of species. We tested whether we could generalize, at various nested scales, the species‐level demography of the widely invasive plant species Parkinsonia aculeata (Fabaceae) and whether these generalizations were representative of the demography observed locally. Full demographic surveys at all life stages of the species were conducted in 23 Australian sites during seven years (from 2000 to 2007), across a 1000‐km climatic gradient. Sites were nested across four climate regions (arid, semi‐arid, semi‐wet/dry tropics, wet/dry tropics) and three habitat types (upland, wetland, and riparian). We estimated the vital rates (growth/retrogression, survival, fecundity) at all life stages and size classes and combined them to create 99 site–year demographic matrix population models. With these models, we then estimated site–year‐specific asymptotic population growth rates and their corresponding prospective elasticity values to perturbation of the vital rates. We then developed a nested retrospective elasticity analysis (nested LTRE) to test whether and how upscaling the results (i.e., from site to habitat, to climate region, and to the invaded range) produced averaging bias, which could lead to spurious interpretations of the relationships between the retrospective elasticity values. The prospective analysis highlighted that site–year variation in the matrix population models, population growth rates, and corresponding elasticities could not be well summarized by a single species‐level analysis and that the spread was as diverse as found in previously reported multispecies‐level demographic analyses. The nested LTRE analysis showed that upscaling demographic models introduced for most sites new sources of errors in the estimation (in terms of magnitude and sign of retrospective elasticities), which increased drastically as we progressively aggregate the demographic information between nested scales of observation. Our findings suggest that regardless of the scale, demographic generalizations at the species scale are not always useful for managing P. aculeata across sites in its invaded range, given its plasticity in demography.
Development of detachable replaceable links for eccentrically braced frames
Authors: Bozkurt Mehmet Bakır , Kazemzadeh Azad Sina , Topkaya Cem 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEccentrically braced frames (EBFs) can be repaired after a major earthquake by replacing the links. The link replacement is not a straightforward process and is influenced by the type of the link and the amount of residual frame deformations. The past decade has witnessed the development of different types of replaceable links such as end‐plated links, web connected links, bolted flange and web spliced links, and collector beam and brace spliced links. All of the developed replaceable link details, except the web connected links, are not suitable for link replacement under residual frame drift. In this paper, a detachable replaceable link detail which is based on splicing the link at its mid‐length is proposed. The detail is well suited for installation under residual frame drifts. In addition, the weight and size of the members to be transported and erected are reduced significantly, thereby facilitating the replacement procedure. Performance of this proposed replaceable link is studied by conducting six nearly full scale EBF tests under quasi‐static cyclic loading. The link length ratio, type of end‐plated mid‐splice connection, and the amount of residual drift are considered as test variables. The test results revealed that the inelastic rotation capacity of the detachable replaceable links exceeds the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. No failures are observed in the end‐plated mid‐splice connections demonstrating the potential of the proposed details. The detachable replaceable links are investigated by numerical analysis as well to further validate their applicability and to develop design recommendations.
A study of properties of adaptive quadratic grids for three‐dimensional near‐surface field computations
Authors: Kallinderis Yannis , Lymperopoulou Eleni M. , Spyridonos Georgios , Antonellis Panagiotis 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCurved geometries and the corresponding near‐surface fields typically require a large number of linear computational elements. High‐order numerical solvers have been primarily used with low‐order meshes. There is a need for curved, high‐order computational elements. Typical near‐surface meshes consist of hexahedral and/or prismatic elements. The present work studies the employment of quadratic meshes that are relatively coarse for field simulations. Directionally quadratic high‐order elements are proposed for the near‐surface field regions. The quadratic meshes are compared with the conventional low‐order ones in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The cases considered include closed surface volume calculations, as well as computation of gradients of several analytic fields. A special method of adaptive local quadratic meshes is proposed and evaluated. Truncation error analysis for quadratic grids yields comparison with the conventional linear hexahedral/prismatic meshes, which are subject to typical distortions such as stretching, skewness, and torsion.
Diet quality, consumption of seafood and eggs are associated with sleep quality among Chinese urban adults: A cross‐sectional study in eight cities of China
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhao Ai , Szeto Ignatius Man‐Yau , Wang Yan , Meng Liping , Li Ting , Zhang Jian , Wang Meichen , Tian Zixing , Zhang Yumei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrowing evidence has suggested that dietary modification is implicated with sleep alteration. Our study aimed to determine whether an association between diet in terms of diet quality, certain food consumption, and dietary nutrients intake and sleep quality existed in Chinese urban adults, which has been fully investigated. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among urban adults from eight Chinese cities. Total of 1,548 participants remained in the final analysis. Sleep quality was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire Index. Diet quality, evaluated by Chinese Healthy Diet Index, and dietary intake, including food groups and nutrients, were derived from a semiquantitative Food Intake Frequencies Questionnaire and a single 24‐hr dietary recall. The relationship between dietary variables and sleep quality was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Logistic regression analysis indicated that better diet quality, which features greater food diversity, higher ingestion of fruits and fish, along with higher seafood consumption, lower eggs consumption, and higher total energy intake, was significantly associated with lower risk of poor sleep quality in the crude model and the fully adjusted model with adjustment for gender, age, self‐rated health condition, self‐assessed mental stress, smoking, hypertension, and BMI. Therefore, we reached a conclusion that diet quality and certain food consumption were related to sleep quality. Although the associations observed in the cross‐sectional study require further investigation in prospective studies, dietary intervention, such as enhancement in food diversity and consumption of fruits and seafood, might serve as a probable strategy for sleep improvement.
Be Open‐Minded and Embrace the Unfamiliar
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCross‐border cooperation seems essential to good research. But what is it actually founded upon? In a polycentric scientific world, do we need to rethink the concepts of freedom and responsibility? And how can we protect them against current threats? Reflections on the internationality of sciences and the humanities in a global era
Exploring staff experience of economic efficiency requirements in health care: A mixed method study
Authors: Korlén Sara , Amer‐Wåhlin Isis , Lindgren Peter , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundEconomic resources are limited in health care, and governance strategies are used to push provider organizations to use resources efficiently. Although studies show that hybrid managers are successful in reconciling economic efficiency requirements with professional values to meet patient needs, surprisingly few studies focus on staff. The aim of this study is to explore staff members' experience of economic efficiency requirements.MethodsA mixed method design was applied, targeting multi‐professional staff in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in a Swedish university hospital. Survey data was collected (n = 93), followed by focus‐group interviews to support the understanding of the quantitative findings.FindingsThe findings show that health care staff is knowledgeable and intrinsically motivated to consider efficiency requirements, albeit it should not dominate clinical decisions. However, staff experiences little influence over resource allocation and identifies limitations in the system's abilities to meet patient needs. Staff experience incorporates a local unit and a system perspective.ConclusionStaff members are aware of economic efficiency requirements and will behave accordingly if patients are not at risk. However, their engagement seems to rely on how economic efficiency requirements are handled at multiple system levels and their trust in the system to fairly support patient needs.
Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Quantum Dots Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Seok Hae‐Jun , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Park Jin‐Hyeok , Lim Sang‐Hwi , Kim Han‐Ki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this review, we briefly describe a recent research development of transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for next‐generation quantum dot‐based light‐emitting diodes (QDLEDs). Although sputtered Sn‐doped In2O3 (ITO) and chemically grown F‐doped SnO2 (FTO) electrodes have mainly been employed as transparent electrodes for QDLEDs, there have been great advances in TCE materials and fabrication processes. This review presents important characteristics of various TCE and applications in QDLEDs as a transparent cathode or anode. In particular, we will focus on characteristics of metal grids, metal nanowire, carbon nanotube, graphene, and hybrid electrodes for QDLEDs as promising alternatives to typical ITO and FTO electrodes. In addition, we discuss the current status of transparent conducting oxide‐based QDLEDs. By comparing the performances of QDLED with different TCEs, we suggest promising alternatives ITO or FTO electrodes.