bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel haptens and monoclonal antibodies with subnanomolar affinity for a classical analytical target, ochratoxin A
Authors: López-Puertollano Daniel , Mercader Josep V. , Agulló Consuelo , Abad-Somovilla Antonio , Abad-Fuentes Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOchratoxin A is a potent toxic fungal metabolite whose undesirable presence in food commodities constitutes a problem of public health, so it is strictly regulated and controlled. For the first time, two derivatives of ochratoxin A (OTAb and OTAd) functionalized through positions other than the native carboxyl group of the mycotoxin, have been synthesized in order to better mimic, during the immunization process, the steric and conformational properties of the target analyte. Additionally, two conventional haptens making use of that native carboxyl group for protein coupling (OTAe and OTAf) were also prepared as controls for the purpose of comparison. The immunological performance in rabbits of protein conjugates based on OTAb and OTAd overcome that of conjugates employing OTAe and OTAf as haptens. After immunization of mice with OTAb and OTAd conjugates, a collection of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to ochratoxin A was generated. In particular, one of those antibodies, the so-called OTAb#311, is very likely the best antibody produced so far in terms of selectivity and affinity to ochratoxin A.
Quiescence status of glioblastoma stem-like cells involves remodelling of Ca2+ signalling and mitochondrial shape
Authors: Aulestia Francisco J. , Néant Isabelle , Dong Jihu , Haiech Jacques , Kilhoffer Marie-Claude , Moreau Marc , Leclerc Catherine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuiescence is a reversible cell-cycle arrest which allows cancer stem-like cells to evade killing following therapies. Here, we show that proliferating glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) can be induced and maintained in a quiescent state by lowering the extracellular pH. Through RNAseq analysis we identified Ca2+ signalling genes differentially expressed between proliferating and quiescent GSLCs. Using the bioluminescent Ca2+ reporter EGFP-aequorin we observed that the changes in Ca2+ homeostasis occurring during the switch from proliferation to quiescence are controlled through store-operated channels (SOC) since inhibition of SOC drives proliferating GSLCs to quiescence. We showed that this switch is characterized by an increased capacity of GSLCs’ mitochondria to capture Ca2+ and by a dramatic and reversible change of mitochondrial morphology from a tubular to a donut shape. Our data suggest that the remodelling of the Ca2+ homeostasis and the reshaping of mitochondria might favours quiescent GSLCs’ survival and their aggressiveness in glioblastoma.
RAiSD detects positive selection based on multiple signatures of a selective sweep and SNP vectors
Authors: Alachiotis Nikolaos , Pavlidis Pavlos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective sweeps leave distinct signatures locally in genomes, enabling the detection of loci that have undergone recent positive selection. Multiple signatures of a selective sweep are known, yet each neutrality test only identifies a single signature. We present RAiSD (Raised Accuracy in Sweep Detection), an open-source software that implements a novel, to our knowledge, and parameter-free detection mechanism that relies on multiple signatures of a selective sweep via the enumeration of SNP vectors. RAiSD achieves higher sensitivity and accuracy than the current state of the art, while the computational complexity is greatly reduced, allowing up to 1000 times faster processing than widely used tools, and negligible memory requirements.
Synthesis of disulfide-rich heterodimeric peptides through an auxiliary N, N-crosslink
Authors: Thalluri Kishore , Mayer John P. , Chabenne Joseph R. , Gelfanov Vasily , DiMarchi Richard D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInsulins, relaxins, and other insulin-like peptides present a longstanding synthetic challenge due to their unique cysteine-rich heterodimeric structure. While their three disulfide signature is conserved within the insulin superfamily, sequences of the constituent chains exhibit considerable diversity. As a result, methods which rely on sequence-specific strategies fail to provide universal access to these important molecules. Biomimetic methods utilizing native and chemical linkers to tether the A-chain N-terminus to the B-chain C-terminus, entail complicated installation, and require a unique proteolytic site, or a two-step chemical release. Here we present a strategy employing a linkage of the A- and B-chains N-termini offering unrestricted access to these targets. The approach utilizes a symmetrical linker which is released in a single chemical step. The simplicity, efficiency, and scope of the method are demonstrated in the synthesis of insulin, relaxin, a 4-disulfide insulin analog, two penicillamine-substituted insulins, and a prandial insulin lispro.
Tilted vortex cores and superconducting gap anisotropy in 2H-NbSe2
Authors: Galvis J. A. , Herrera E. , Berthod C. , Vieira S. , Guillamón I. , Suderow H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe superconductor 2H-NbSe2 features vortices with a sixfold star shape when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the plane of the hexagonal crystal structure. This is due to the anisotropy in the quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface tubes oriented along the c axis. But the properties of another, three-dimensional, pocket are unknown, in spite that it has a dominant contribution in many experiments. Here we measure vortices in tilted magnetic fields using a scanning tunneling microscope. We find patterns of stripes due to in-plane vortices and show how these change with the in-plane direction of the magnetic field. The shape of outgoing vortices is successfully compared with detailed calculations of vortex cores. Our data show that vortices exit at an angle with the surface and that the sixfold gap anisotropy is present over the whole Fermi surface.
Effect of the exoplanet magnetic field topology on its magnetospheric radio emission
Authors: Varela J. , Réville V. , Brun A. S. , Zarka P. , Pantellini F. 
Published: June 2018

Context. The magnetized wind from stars that impact exoplanets should lead to radio emissions. According to the scaling laws derived in the solar system, the radio emission should depend on the stellar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, and topology of the exoplanet magnetosphere.
Aims. The aim of this study is to calculate the dissipated power and subsequent radio emission from exoplanet magnetospheres with different topologies perturbed by the interplanetary magnetic field and stellar wind, to refine the predictions from scaling laws, and to prepare the interpretation of future radio detections.
Methods. We use the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code PLUTO in spherical coordinates to analyze the total radio emission level resulting from the dissipation of the kinetic and magnetic (Poynting flux) energies inside the exoplanet’s magnetospheres. We apply a formalism to infer the detailed contribution in the exoplanet radio emission on the exoplanet’s day side and magnetotail. The model is based on Mercury-like conditions, although the study results are extrapolated to exoplanets with stronger magnetic fields, providing the lower bound of the radio emission.
Results. The predicted dissipated powers and resulting radio emissions depend critically on the exoplanet magnetosphere topology and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. The radio emission on the exoplanet’s night and day sides should thus contain information on the exoplanet magnetic field topology. In addition, if the topology of an exoplanet magnetosphere is known, the radio emission measurements can be used as a proxy of the instantaneous dynamic pressure of the stellar wind, IMF orientation, and intensity.
Sport Participation and Metabolic Risk During Adolescent Years: A Structured Equation Model
Authors: Werneck André Oliveira , da Silva Danilo , Fernandes Rômulo , Ronque Enio Ricardo Vaz , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel , Cyrino Edilson 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSports practice during childhood can influence health indicators in later ages through direct and indirect pathways. Thus, this study aimed to test direct and indirect pathways to the association between sports practice in childhood and metabolic risk in adolescence, adopting physical activity, adiposity, and cardiorespiratory fitness at adolescence as potential mediators. This cross-sectional study with retrospective information was conducted with 991 adolescents (579 girls, 412 boys) aged 10 to 16 y. Sports activity was self-reported in childhood (retrospective data) and physical activity evaluated in adolescence through questionnaires. Somatic maturation (Mirwald method), cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle-run test), body fat (skinfolds), waist circumference, blood pressure (automatic instrument) and blood variables (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) were measured at adolescence. Waist circumference, blood pressure and blood variables composed the metabolic risk score. Structured equation modeling was adopted. In both sexes, the relationship between sports practice at childhood and metabolic risk was fully mediated by habitual physical activity, which is related to the obesity construct and cardiorespiratory fitness. Obesity was associated with metabolic risk in boys (β=0.062; p<0.001) and girls (β=0.047; p<0.001). The relationship between sports practice in childhood and metabolic risk in adolescence was mediated by physical activity, obesity, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
An Integrated Strategy to Qualitatively Differentiate Components of Raw and Processed Viticis Fructus Based on NIR, HPLC and UPLC-MS Analysis
Authors: Diao Jiayin , Xu Can , Zheng Huiting , He Siyi , Wang Shumei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractViticis Fructus is a traditional Chinese herbal drug processed by various methods to achieve different clinical purposes. Thermal treatment potentially alters chemical composition, which may impact on effectiveness and toxicity. In order to interpret the constituent discrepancies of raw versus processed (stir-fried) Viticis Fructus, a multivariate detection method (NIR, HPLC, and UPLC-MS) based on metabonomics and chemometrics was developed. Firstly, synergy interval partial least squares and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were employed to screen the distinctive wavebands (4319 – 5459 cm−1) based on preprocessed near-infrared spectra. Then, HPLC with principal component analysis was performed to characterize the distinction. Subsequently, a total of 49 compounds were identified by UPLC-MS, among which 42 compounds were eventually characterized as having a significant change during processing via the semiquantitative volcano plot analysis. Moreover, based on the partial least squares-discriminant analysis, 16 compounds were chosen as characteristic markers that could be in close correlation with the discriminatory near-infrared wavebands. Together, all of these characterization techniques effectively discriminated raw and processed products of Viticis Fructus. In general, our work provides an integrated way of classifying Viticis Fructus, and a strategy to explore discriminatory chemical markers for other traditional Chinese herbs, thus ensuring safety and efficacy for consumers.
Platelet Cofactors as Plasma Components of the Intrinsic Blood Clotting Mechanisms
Authors: Mammen Eberhard F. , Yoshinari Motoyuki , Seegers Walter H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe method for the assay for platelet cofactors has been overhauled to make allowance for an adequate and uniform supply of Ac-globulin. Thrombin is added at zero time to reduce variability of response in the activation of prothrombin. The potency of purified platelet cofactor I is about twice that of platelet cofactor II (autoprothrombin II). The total mass of platelet factor 3 plus platelet cofactor I or platelet cofactor II is much greater in the conversion of a given amount of purified prothrombin to thrombin than when brain thromboplastin is used.In plasma and serum from the human being barium carbonate adsorbs platelet cofactor II, and ether extraction frees activity that is not adsorbed on barium carbonate before ether extraction. The extract contains an inhibitor(s) of prothrombin activation. The inhibition is strong in the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic prothrombin activation mechanisms. In the case of bovine plasma barium carbonate adsorption leaves the plasma richer in platelet cofactor activity and in that respect it differs from the plasma from human beings. Dog plasma and serum is comparable to that from man than the bovine species.The lipids extracted from plasma or serum with ether are predominantly anticoagulant. Since platelet cofactor I activity disappears during the clotting of blood, we think that a function of platelet cofactor I is to be the receptor for an anticoagulant. Then as autoprothrombin II arises from prothrombin it serves as a procoagulant and is not retarded by the anticoagulant neutralized by platelet cofactor I.
Blood Clotting Activities of Thrombolytic Agents with Special Reference to a Hageman-like Effect
Authors: Iatridis Sotirios G. , Wilson Ella Gray , Ferguson John H. , Rierson Herman A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRepresentatives of modern thrombolytic agents have been shown to possess certain in vitro clot accelerating activities, which a variety of experiments indicate to be due to a ‘Hageman-like’ effect. This activity is surface dependent and remarkably resistant to long keeping (in active plasmin) and to acid heating, unlike ‘surface factor’ (‘activation product’). The effect is quite powerful under certain test conditions, but it remains to be seen whether it is of any significance during the use of thrombolytic agents therapeutically.
A Hitherto Undescribed Congenital Haemorrhagic Diathesis Probably Due to Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Deficiency
Authors: Duckert F , Jung E , Shmerling D. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA new congenital haemorrhagic diathesis is described. It is characterized by the poor and slaw wound healing, profuse and long bleeding and by probable absence of spontaneous and joint bleeding. It is due to the deficiency of a factor which makes the fibrin clots insoluble in urea. This factor is probably the fibrin stabilizing factor of Laki and Lorand, although no proof of their identity can yet be given. The deficiency appears in both sexes and is probably an autosomal recessive disease.
“In vitro” Neutralization with Oxalate Ion of the Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin
Authors: Cruz W. O , Meis L , Dietrich C. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHeparinized blood or plasma coagulates if, after addition of oxalate, recalcification follows. Of the decalcifying agents only oxalate ion has been suitable for demonstrating this phenomenon. Oxalate seem to accomplish two different roles connected with this effect: a fundamental one, i. e., to sensitize a heparinlipoprotein complex to the action of an anti-heparin factor found in normal plasma or serum and a secondary one, related to its capacity to adsorb this antiheparin factor. The latter is removable by centrifugation. This anti-heparin oxalate factor, which is able to counteract the action of heparin after previous addition of oxalate, was found in sequestrened, Dowex 50 resin plasma or in serum, but is not active in citrated plasma. This factor was removed from plasma by adsorption with barium sulfate, aluminium hydroxide or calcium oxalate and was eluted from these adsorbants after incubation with saline.
Preliminary Studies on the N-Terminal Amino Acids of Human Plasminogen
Authors: Shulman Sidney , Rifé Ubaldo 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman plasminogen has been analyzed for N-terminal amino acids. It was found to have one residue each of lysine and serine per molecule, with the possibility that threonine and glutamic acid may also serve in this role. On conversion to SK-plasmin, serine is lost as a terminal group and leucine appears as a new terminal unit.
Studies on the Coagulation of the Blood in Patients Treated with Extra-Corporeal Circulation
Authors: de Vries S. I , van Creveld S , Groen P , Müller E , Wettermark M 
Published: June 2018

Conclusions and summaryAn extensive investigation of the coagulation mechanism was performed in 21 patients suffering from a congenital heart failure and exposed to surgical treatment with the aid of extra-corporeal circulation. The results have been discussed and suggestions given for the preoperative and postoperative mode of investigation in future. Only three factors may be considered a possible contraindication for the operation, namely1. a persistent and marked thrombocytopenia,2. fibrinogenopenia and3. a high degree of fibrinolysis.Before a final decision to operate is taken an attempt should be made to restore the impaired coagulation mechanism. The necessity of a preoperative analysis and a close cooperation between the surgeon and the coagulationist before, during and after the operation have been stressed.
Studies on the Formation and Inactivation of Human Blood Coagulation Product I
Authors: Spaet Theodore H. , Cintron Jose 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAlthough thrombin formed in product I generating mixtures, product I and thrombin activity were essentially uncorrelated. The addition of thrombin to generating mixtures caused acceleration of product I formation, but failed to elicit product I formation in “incomplete” systems. Product I was found to be relatively stable when formed with diluted reagents or separated from certain plasma proteins. When inactivation occurred with concentrated reagents, activity was restored only with further addition of reagents containing AHF. The stability of product I at 57° C is similar to that of AHF. When product I is reacted with a source of phosphatide to form blood thromboplastin, little product I “consumption” occurs.
Mikroskopische Befunde über die Blutstillung bei Serotoninausschaltung
Authors: Witte S , Schricker K Th. , Schmid E 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Das Problem der Serotoninwirkung während der Hämostase nach Verletzung großer muskulärer Blutgefäße wurde am Rattenmesenterium vitalmikroskopisch untersucht. Im besonderen sollte geprüft werden, ob die Konstriktion des verletzten Gefäßstumpfes und der umschriebene Spasmus begleitender unverletzter Gefäße durch Verminderung oder Hemmung des Serotonins verändert werden.2. Die Reduktion des Serotonins der Plättchen durch Reserpin beeinflußte die lokale Vasokonstriktion der Verletzungsstelle nicht. Dagegen wurden ein hämo-statischer Plättchenpfropf und ein Spasmus der unverletzten Nachbargefäße öfters vermißt, was auf unspezifische toxische Wirkungen des Reserpins zurückzuführen ist.3. Durch Injektion der Serotoninantagonisten LSD 25, BOL 148 und UML 491 wird die Serotoninwirkung in vivo aufgehoben. In diesen Fällen erwies sich die Blutstillung zum Teil als insuffizient; die vasokonstriktorischen Phänomene fehlten häufiger als bei den Kontrollen, waren jedoch in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle trotz kompletter Serotoninblockade vorhanden. Die Diskussion dieser Befunde im Hinblick auf die Spezifität der Serotoninantagonisten läßt die Beobachtungen mit Wahrscheinlichkeit unspezifischen pharmakologischen Wirkungen der Lysergsäurederivate zuordnen.4. An den Gefäßreaktionen, welche die Blutstillung an großen muskulären Gefäßen begleiten, ist somit das Serotonin der Plättchen nicht wesentlich beteiligt.
The Activation of Plasminogen by Urokinase (in Comparison with Previous Observations Made with Streptokinase)
Authors: Beller F. K , Glas P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe plasminogen activation using urokinase was studied by means of a two-phase method, the activation mixture being composed by either plasma (undiluted or diluted) and urokinase, or plasma (undiluted or diluted), urokinase and bovine or human fibrinogen (= fibrinogenolytic system).The results were compared with previous observations made with streptokinase under the same assay conditions.1. Urokinase activity was affected by the inhibitory power of undiluted plasma. By depressing the plasma inhibitors through dilution of plasma, an increase in activity was obtained.The simultaneous dilution of plasma-proactivator could be neglected, because urokinase is known to act directly on plasminogen.It seems likely that hereby the plasminogen-inhibitor-complex is dissociated in favour of plasminogen.If, contrary, the activation was carried out by streptokinase, dilution of plasma resulted in a diminution of the plasma-proactivator with consequent decrease in activity.2. Inhibition of coagulation was shown to occur in both systems, just as an initial hypercoagulability, the absence of alteration of the other clotting factors, and the failure to demonstrate an inhibitory agent as the cause of incoagulability. Respectively, the so-called “para-coagulation” was found to be only obtained if the addition of protamine sulphate to the incoagulable text mixture has been preceded by the addition of thrombin.Discussing the different activation mechanisms, we feel inclined to conclude that it may be more suitable in the estimation of fibrinolytic activity to develop — possibly on the base of our experiments — an assay system using urokinase as the activator, especially if the inhibitory agents are to be determined.
Separation of Human Fibrinogen and Plasminogen by means of Gel Filtration
Authors: Berg Walter , Korsan-Bengtsen Kristoffer 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA simple method for removing contaminating plasminogen from fibrinogen is described. The method is based on gel filtration with Sephadex G-200.When purified fibrinogen was clotted in the presence of urokinase, no lysis was observed during an observation period of 4 weeks.
Studies on Chick Embryo Thrombocytes
Authors: Stalsberg Helge , Prydz Hans 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe morphology and development of chick embryo thrombocytes were studied with the PAS technique. A line of thrombocyte development was established, first recognizable in stage 12 (49 hours) embryos. The relative frequencies of the different precursor stages in embryos of varying age were investigated. Principally, the development of the thrombocytes seems to follow the same line in hatched chicken.Our findings suggest that the process of cell multiplication is completed by amitotic division in stages II—III.
The Influence of Inorganic Salts on Plasma Antithrombin Activity
Authors: Monkhouse Frank C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA study has been made of factors influencing the activities of plasma antithrombin. Optimal antithrombin activity was obtained between pH 7.8 and 8.5. Dialysis against distilled water reduced the antithrombin activity to less than 30 per cent of normal. The antithrombin activity was restored by the addition, directly or by dialysis, of a number of salts. The increased activity in the presence of the salts seemed to be a function of the polyvalent anions rather than of the ionic strength of the medium. The antithrombin activity of alpha- tocopherol phosphate in vitro appears to be a function of the phosphate ion and not of the vitamin itself.
Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rats
Authors: Nordöy Arne 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Thrombosis in rats were produced by Blake et al.’s technique of application of formalin solution to the jugular vein. The incidence of thrombosis produced by a 10% (v/v) formalin in 65% methanol solution and observed after 24 hours was 30% ± 4.6 S. D.2. The administration of 100 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight orally every fourth hour for 24 hours increased the incidence of thrombosis about twice (to about 65%).A single dose of 400 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight had a slight effect only.3. EACA increased markedly the antifibrinolytic activity in plasma with a maximum after 3—5 hours oral administration. A moderate increase in the fibrinogen concentration was observed in all groups.4. Global tests for plasma coagulation, the platelet count and the number of adhesive platelets were not significantly influenced by the administration of EACA.