bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to electronic nose to identify volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A pilot study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Aguilar Maribel , Ramírez‐García Sofía , Ilizaliturri‐Hernández Cesar , Gómez‐Gómez Alejandro , Van‐Brussel Evelyn , Díaz‐Barriga Fernando , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna , Flores‐Ramírez Rogelio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn analytical method to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath from patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a ultrafast gas chromatography system equipped with an electronic nose detector (FGC eNose) has been developed. A prospective study was performed in 23 COPD patients and 33 healthy volunteers; exhalation breathing tests were performed with Tedlar bags. Each sample was analyzed by FCG eNose and the identification of VOCs was based on the Kovats index. Raw data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis [canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP)]. The FCG eNose technology was able to identify 17 VOCs that distinguish COPD patients from healthy volunteers. At all stages of PCA and CAP the discrimination between groups was obvious. Chemical prints were correctly classified up to 82.2%, and were matched with 78.9% of the VOCs detected in the exhaled breath samples. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the sensitivity and specificity to be 96% and 91%, respectively. This pilot study demonstrates that FGC eNose is a useful tool to identify VOCs as biomarkers in exhaled breath from COPD patients. Further studies should be performed to enhance the clinical relevance of this quick and ease methodology for COPD diagnosis.
Hexokinase 2 dimerization and interaction with voltage‐dependent anion channel promoted resistance to cell apoptosis induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fan Kun , Fan Zhiyao , Cheng He , Huang Qiuyi , Yang Chao , Jin Kaizhou , Luo Guopei , Yu Xianjun , Liu Chen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGemcitabine (GEM) is the standard chemotherapy drug for pancreatic cancer. Because of widespread drug resistance, the effect is limited. Therefore, it is urgent to reveal the underlying mechanism. Glycolysis is the most remarkable character of tumor aberrant metabolism, which plays vital roles on tumor drug resistance. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), as the key enzyme regulating the first‐step reaction of glycolysis, is overexpressed in many kinds of tumors. The putative role of HK2 resisting GEM therapy was investigated in this study. We found that HK2 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and associated with poor prognosis. HK2 knockdown decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration viability, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. HK2 high expression in pancreatic cancer showed GEM resistance. HK2 knockdown increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell to GEM, the growth of xenograft tumor with HK2 knockdown was also further decreased with the GEM treatment compared with control in vivo. GEM‐resistant pancreatic cancer showed the increase of HK2 dimer rather than HK2 mRNA or protein. Our study revealed that the ROS derived from GEM promoted HK2 dimerization combining with voltage‐dependent anion channel, which resulted in the resistance to GEM. Meanwhile, our study established a new sight for GEM resistance in pancreatic cancer.
The first report of Streptococcus pluranimalium infection from Iran: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ghazvini Kiarash , Karbalaei Mohsen , Kianifar Hamidreza , Keikha Masoud 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Streptococcus pluranimalium was isolated from both of animals and human infection. There is limited information about pathogenicity of S pluranimalium. As fastidious bacteria, S pluranimalium is not isolated in the routinely culture media and easily misidentified with other streptococci species with conventional microbiology test. According to review of the literatures, the cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and linezolid are the first choice agents for treatment of infection caused by S pluranimalium.
In Situ Monitoring of Nanoparticle Formation during Iridium‐Catalysed Oxygen Evolution by Real‐Time Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Singer Hobbs Maya , Sackville Emma V. , Smith Andrew J. , Edler Karen J. , Hintermair Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReal‐time Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering (SAXS) has been used to investigate the homogeneity of a series of molecular iridium complexes during water oxidation catalysis in aqueous NaIO4 solution through a continuous flow cell. The results obtained for the unstable [Cp*Ir(OH2)3]2+ precursor forming amorphous IrOx nanoparticles (NPs) in‐situ validate and complement previous Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies by providing enhanced sensitivity for small particle sizes and increased temporal resolution under realistic reaction conditions. Correlating particle formation profiles with O2 evolution traces allowed homogeneous catalysis to be clearly distinguished from heterogeneous catalysis. A series of seven pyridine−alkoxide Cp*Ir complexes are shown to be fully homogeneous by SAXS, validating previous studies and confirming their catalysis to be molecular in nature throughout the reaction.
Cooperative H2 Activation on Dicopper(I) Facilitated by Reversible Dearomatization of an “Expanded PNNP Pincer” Ligand
Authors: Kounalis Errikos , Lutz Martin , Broere Daniël L. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA naphthyridine‐derived expanded pincer ligand is described that can host two copper(I) centers. The proton‐responsive ligand can undergo reversible partial and full dearomatization of the naphthyridine core, which enables cooperative activation of H2 giving an unusual butterfly‐shaped Cu4H2 complex.
Selective Oxidative Cracking of n‐Butane to Light Olefins over Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Limited Formation of COx
Authors: McDermott William P. , Venegas Juan , Hermans Ive 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as an unexpected catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes. Here, the versatility of hBN was extended to alkane oxidative cracking chemistry by investigating the production of ethylene and propylene from n‐butane. Cracking selectivity was primarily controlled by the ratio of n‐butane to O2 within the reactant feed. Under O2‐lean conditions, increasing temperature led to increased selectivity to ethylene and propylene and decreased selectivity to COx. In addition to surface‐mediated chemistry, homogeneous gas‐phase reactions likely contributed to the observed product distribution, and a reaction mechanism was proposed based on these observations. The catalyst showed good stability under oxidative cracking conditions for 100 h time‐on‐stream while maintaining high selectivity to ethylene and propylene.
Single‐Cell Intravital Microscopy of Trastuzumab Quantifies Heterogeneous in vivo Kinetics
Authors: Li Ran , Attari Adel , Prytyskach Mark , Garlin Michelle A. , Weissleder Ralph , Miller Miles A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCell‐to‐cell heterogeneity can substantially impact drug response, especially for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that may exhibit variability in both delivery (pharmacokinetics) and action (pharmacodynamics) within solid tumors. However, it has traditionally been difficult to examine the kinetics of mAb delivery at a single‐cell level and in a manner that enables controlled dissection of target‐dependent and ‐independent behaviors. To address this issue, here we developed an in vivo confocal (intravital) microscopy approach to study single‐cell mAb pharmacology in a mosaic xenograft comprising a mixture of cancer cells with variable expression of the receptor HER2. As a proof‐of‐principle, we applied this model to trastuzumab therapy, a HER2‐targeted mAb widely used for treating breast and gastric cancer patients. Trastuzumab accumulated to a higher degree in HER2‐over expressing tumor cells compared to HER2‐low tumor cells (~5:1 ratio at 24 h after administration) but importantly, the majority actually accumulated in tumor‐associated phagocytes. For example, 24 h after IV administration over 50% of tumoral trastuzumab was found in phagocytes whereas at 48 h it was >80%. Altogether, these results reveal the dynamics of how phagocytes influence mAb behavior in vivo, and demonstrate an application of intravital microscopy for quantitative single‐cell measurement of mAb distribution and retention in tumors with heterogeneous target expression. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Relationship between population density and viral infection: A role for personality?
Authors: Vanden Broecke Bram , Mariën Joachim , Sabuni Christopher Andrew , Mnyone Ladslaus , Massawe Apia W. , Matthysen Erik , Leirs Herwig 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConspecific density and animal personality (consistent among‐individual differences in behavior) may both play an important role in disease ecology. Nevertheless, both factors have rarely been studied together but may provide insightful information in understanding pathogen transmission dynamics. In this study, we investigated how both personality and density affect viral infections both direct and indirectly, using the multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis) and Morogoro arenavirus (MORV) as a model system. Using a replicated semi‐natural experiment, we found a positive correlation between MORV antibody presence and density, suggesting that MORV infection is density‐dependent. Surprisingly, slower explorers were more likely to have antibodies against MORV compared to highly explorative individuals. However, exploration was positively correlated with density which may suggest a negative, indirect effect of density on MORV infection. We have shown here that in order to better understand disease ecology, both personality and density should be taken into account.
Little evidence of adaptation potential to ocean acidification in sea urchins living in “Future Ocean” conditions at a CO2 vent
Authors: Uthicke Sven , Deshpande Nandan P. , Liddy Michelle , Patel Frances , Lamare Miles , Wilkins Marc R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) can be detrimental to calcifying marine organisms, with stunting of invertebrate larval development one of the most consistent responses. Effects are usually measured by short‐term, within‐generation exposure, an approach that does not consider the potential for adaptation. We examined the genetic response to OA of larvae of the tropical sea urchin Echinometra sp. C. raised on coral reefs that were either influenced by CO2 vents (pH ~ 7.9, future OA condition) or nonvent control reefs (pH 8.2). We assembled a high quality de novo transcriptome of Echinometra embryos (8 hr) and pluteus larvae (48 hr) and identified 68,056 SNPs. We tested for outlier SNPs and functional enrichment in embryos and larvae raised from adults from the control or vent sites. Generally, highest FST values in embryos were observed between sites (intrinsic adaptation, most representative of the gene pool in the spawned populations). This comparison also had the highest number of outlier loci (40). In the other comparisons, classical adaptation (comparing larvae with adults from the control transplanted to either the control or vent conditions) and reverse adaptation (larvae from the vent site returned to the vent or explanted at the control), we only observed modest numbers of outlier SNPs (6–19) and only enrichment in two functional pathways. Most of the outliers detected were silent substitutions without adaptive potential. We conclude that there is little evidence of realized adaptation potential during early development, while some potential (albeit relatively low) exists in the intrinsic gene pool after more than one generation of exposure.
The Co‐Assembly of Polyoxometalates and Quantum Dots for Hybrid Core‐Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Mu , Chen Kun , Yin Panchao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Prof. Panchao Yin from the South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. The cover image shows the facial synthesis of hybrid core‐shell nanoparticles of quantum dots and polyoxometalates by a phase transfer protocol.
Rolling and rocking of rigid uplifting structures
Authors: Bachmann Jonas A. , Vassiliou Michalis F. , Stojadinovic Božidar 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAllowing structures to uplift modifies their seismic response; uplifting works as a mechanical fuse and limits the forces transmitted to the superstructure. However, engineers are generally reluctant to construct an unanchored structure because the system could overturn due to lacking redundancy. Using a safety factor for the design of a flat rocking foundation, ie, designing it wider, goes against the main idea of this seismic modification method as the force demand for the structure increases.We propose to extend the flat base of a rocking block with curved extensions to better protect the block from overturning, yet not prevent its uplifting. After investigating the seismic response of such rocking blocks, we extend the study to investigate the seismic response of rolling and rocking frames comprising columns with curved base extensions. The equations of motion are derived, time history analyses are performed, and rocking spectra are constructed. We draw two important conclusions: (a) the response of a class of rocking oscillators with curved base extensions is equivalent to the response of a flat‐base rocking oscillators of the same slenderness, yet larger size; (b) the rotation demand on two negative stiffness rocking and rolling oscillators with the same uplifting acceleration and the same size is roughly the same as long as the rocking oscillators are not close to overturning. The above findings can serve as a basis for the rational seismic design of structures supported on rocking columns with curved bases, a system that has been used since the 1960s.
Application of concrete‐filled steel tubular columns in gob‐side entry retaining under thick and hard roof stratum: A case study
Authors: Huang Wanpeng , Wang Xuewen , Shen Yusan , Feng Fan , Wu Kai , Li Cunlu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe successful retaining of the gob‐side entry under a thick and hard roof stratum is difficult because of the high pressure present and complex construction technology commonly used. To solve this problem, a new type of gob‐side entry supporting system is proposed in this paper. This system is mainly composed of concrete‐filled steel tubular columns (CSTCs), flexible cushion, and gob isolation structures. This new supporting system combines the high‐strength support of CSTCs with the flexible support of cushion bodies and is simple to construct, enabling fast and efficient gob‐side entry retaining under a thick and hard roof stratum. The range of the roof strata controlled by gob‐side support structures is determined for a case study, and a calculation formula for the gob‐side support resistance is established. Through theoretical and experimental research, a reasonable calculation formula for the choice of CSTC is also established. The CSTC structure ultimately selects Φ194 × 8 mm hollow steel tubes and C40 grade concrete for use in a field application, which can provide 4814 kN of supporting force. A simple on‐site construction process is designed for the field application, and the time required for entry retaining per meter is only approximately 40‐45 minutes. This application shows that the new technology controls the deformation of the retained entry very well; the final deformation stabilizes at 412 mm, which meets the engineering requirements.
Investigating potential future changes in surface water flooding hazard and impact
Authors: Rudd Alison C. , Kay Alison L. , Wells Steven C. , Aldridge Timothy , Cole Steven J. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Stewart Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurface water flooding (SWF) is a recurrent hazard that affects lives and livelihoods. Climate change is projected to change the frequency of extreme rainfall events that can lead to SWF. Increasingly, data from Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are being used to investigate the potential water‐related impacts of climate change; such assessments often focus on broad‐scale fluvial flooding and the use of coarse resolution (>12 km) RCMs. However, high‐resolution (<4 km) convection‐permitting RCMs are now becoming available that allow impact assessments of more localised SWF to be made.At the same time, there has been an increasing demand for more robust and timely real‐time forecast and alert information on SWF. In the UK, a real‐time SWF Hazard Impact Model framework has been developed. The system uses 1‐km gridded surface runoff estimates from a hydrological model to simulate the SWF hazard. These are linked to detailed inundation model outputs through an Impact Library to assess impacts on property, people, transport, and infrastructure for four severity levels.Here, a set of high‐resolution (1.5 km and 12 km) RCM data has been used as input to a grid‐based hydrological model over southern Britain to simulate Current (1996–2009) and Future (~2100s; RCP8.5) surface runoff. Counts of threshold‐exceedance for surface runoff and precipitation (at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐hr durations) are analysed. Results show that the percentage increases in surface runoff extremes, are less than those of precipitation extremes. The higher‐resolution RCM simulates the largest percentage increases, which occur in winter, and the winter exceedance counts are greater than summer exceedance counts. For property impacts, the largest percentage increases are also in winter; however, it is the 12‐km RCM output that leads to the largest percentage increase in impacts. The added‐value of high‐resolution climate model data for hydrological modelling is from capturing the more intense convective storms in surface runoff estimates.
Comparison between intermittent and continuous leukapheresis protocols for autologous hematopoietic stem cell collections in children
Authors: Ali Salah , Chiang Kuang‐Yueh , Even‐Or Ehud , Di Mola Maria , Schechter Tal , Ali Muhammad , McDougall Elizabeth , Svajger Gordana , Licht Christoph , Krueger Joerg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) collections are needed for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since 2015, our institution has utilized a secondary chamber mononuclear cell (MNC) protocol on the Spectra Optia apheresis system. Recently, a new continuous mononuclear collection protocol (CMNC) was developed for the same device. As there is limited data available regarding the use of the CMNC protocol in children, we compared collection efficiency (CE2), side effects, and clinical feasibility between the two protocols in patients <18 years old.Study Design and MethodsWe prospectively collected clinical, laboratory, and technical collection data from HSC collection procedures performed with the Spectra Optia apheresis system utilizing the CMNC protocol. Data were compared to retrospectively collected data utilizing the MNC protocol. Data collection included donor demographics, precollection peripheral CD34+ cell counts, total CD34+ cells collected, collection efficiency, side effects, and collection product characteristics.ResultsA total of 96 HSC collection procedures were performed on 79 pediatric patients utilizing either the MNC (61 patients) or CMNC (18 patients) protocol. The collection efficiencies were comparable between MNC and CMNC cohorts (52.9% vs 54.9%, P = 0.711). Platelet loss was significantly lower in the CMNC cohort (P = 0.002), especially in children weighing <15 kg. Product volumes were higher with CMNC. No significant collection‐related side effects were noted with either protocol.ConclusionsMNC and CMNC protocols have comparable collection efficiencies and are both feasible and safe for the use in children. Centers may choose between the methods depending on clinical needs.
Immunochromatographic assay to detect α‐tubulin in urine for the diagnosis of kidney injury
Authors: Choi Eun‐Sook , Al Faruque Hasan , Kim Jung‐Hee , Cho Jang‐Hee , Park Kwon Moo , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundsShortening of primary cilia in kidney epithelial cells is associated with kidney injury and involved with the induced level of α‐tubulin in urine. Therefore, rapid detection and quantification of α‐tubulin in the urine samples could be used to the preliminary diagnosis of kidney injury.MethodsCellulose‐based nanobeads modified with α‐tubulin were used for the detection probe of competitive immunochromatographic (IC) assay. The concentration of α‐tubulin in the urine samples was determined by IC assay and compared with the amount determined by Western blotting analysis.ResultsThe relationship between α‐tubulin concentration and the colorimetric intensity resulted from IC assay was determined by logistic regression, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9948. When compared to the amount determined by Western blotting analysis, there was a linear relationship between the α‐tubulin concentrations measured by the two methods and the R2 value was 0.823.ConclusionsThis method is simple, rapid, and adequately sensitive to detect α‐tubulin in patient urine samples, which could be used for the clinical diagnosis of kidney injury.
Systemic immune‐inflammation index acts as a novel diagnostic biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis and could predict the risk of osteoporotic fracture
Authors: Fang Hong , Zhang Hanqing , Wang Zhi , Zhou Zhongming , Li Yunjun , Lu Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a bone metabolism disorder involving systematic inflammation activation. Blood routine examination is easily available in clinical practice and contains abundant information reflecting the systematic inflammation level. Thus, it is attractive to achieve early diagnosis of PMOP and predict osteoporotic fracture risk just based on the biomarkers in blood routine examination.MethodsA multi‐centric prospective cohort study was designed and enrolled postmenopausal women from two independent institutions. All participants underwent the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning for diagnosing PMOP. Blood routine examination was conducted, and the key inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) were calculated. PMOP patients were followed up to observe osteoporotic fracture and identify the related risk predictors.ResultsA total of 92 participants out of 238 enrolled postmenopausal women were diagnosed with PMOP, with a prevalence of 38.66%. The main risk factors identified for PMOP included older age (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.14‐3.72), longer menopause duration (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.06‐4.79), higher NLR (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.37‐3.25), and higher SII (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.98‐4.61). Besides age and menopause duration, SII ≥834.89 was newly identified as a prominent risk factor for discriminating osteoporotic fracture risk in PMOP patients (HR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.249‐10.71).ConclusionAs an easy and economical biomarker calculated from blood routine examination, SII not only acts as a good risk predictor for PMOP diagnosis but also well discriminates the osteoporotic fracture risk, which deserves further investigation and application in clinical practice.