bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a probabilistic compaction model for the Northern Carnarvon Basin using Bayesian inference
Authors: Makuluni Patrick , Hauser Juerg , Clark Stuart 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExhumation affects sedimentary basin evolution by influencing structural, pressure and temperature dynamics, thereby impacting energy resource formation. Compaction‐based methods are widely used to quantify exhumation, utilising sonic and porosity data to track sediment uplift from its maximum burial depths. However, uncertainties arise from applying empirical compaction models developed for specific geological regions, highlighting the need for region‐specific models. Even such region‐specific models contain uncertainties, which can compromise exhumation estimates. We, therefore, develop a probabilistic compaction model for the Northwest Shelf Basins using sonic data from normally compacted and unexhumed shales from the Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB). The model's robustness is estimated using MCMC, and uncertainty propagation analysis is employed to assess the impact of model uncertainty on the model's predictive applications. The model shows exponential porosity reduction with depth, demonstrating rapid compaction from the surface to ca. 2 km and slower compaction thereafter. The model is then applied to interpret new datasets from the Canning, Gippsland and NCB regions. The results reveal that while some parts of the NCB exhibit normal compaction without exhumation, others were significantly exhumed. Conversely, Canning and Gippsland Basin data indicate signs of significant exhumation, as suggested by previous studies, thereby confirming the model's effectiveness outside the Northwest Shelf. Since the model could not explain data from exhumed regions, we inferred new models incorporating “exhumation” parameters to interpret the complex compaction histories of these areas, and the best‐fitting models were selected using the Bayes Factor method. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the impacts of model uncertainty on exhumation estimates are consistent across wide depth ranges. Our findings highlight the need to refine compaction models for better predictive reliability and informed resource exploration in sedimentary basins.
Is It Safe to Cauterise Both Sides of the Nasal Septum at the Same Time in Children With Nosebleeds?
Authors: Drake Ivy , Fountain Hazel , Kubba Haytham 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIt is often recommended that, in children with bilateral epistaxis, only one side of the nasal septum should be cauterised at a time in order to reduce the risk of septal perforation. This advice may have been reasonable when hot wire electrocautery was in common use. The risk of septal perforation after silver nitrate cautery is unknown but probably low.MethodsRetrospective case note review of children attending the nurse‐led epistaxis clinic between 2019 and 2022.ResultsNine hundred and twenty children were seen in the nurse‐led clinic between January 2019 and December 2022. Six hundred and one children (79%) underwent nasal cautery. Simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery was carried out in 176 (29%) children. Our follow up period ranged between 303 and 1744 days, with a median of 809.5 days. No child presented to emergency or ENT services with septal perforation or any other complication of simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery.ConclusionTo the author's knowledge, this is the largest study assessing the safety of simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery with silver nitrate in children. No adverse results have been found after cauterising both sides of the septum at the same sitting, and doing so potentially saves time and money for patients and the health service.
Hunting for Sustainability: Indigenous Stewardship in the Cofán Territory of Zábalo
Authors: Esbach Michael S. , Urgilés‐Verdugo Carlos , Townsend Wendy R. , Yiyoguaje Carlos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIndigenous lands are increasingly recognized for their critical role in biodiversity conservation. However, concerns persist about the sustainability of hunting practices within these territories. This study investigates the long‐term impact of Indigenous hunting practices on wildlife populations in the Cofán territory of Zábalo, Ecuador. We employed line transect surveys to estimate wildlife densities over three periods (2001–2003, 2006–2009, and 2018), focusing on 16 species that are integral to local livelihoods and subject to community management. Our results indicate generally stable or increasing populations for most species, particularly in nonhunted areas, where spatial restrictions are enforced. The Cofán's ability to sustainably manage relations between humans and wildlife is largely attributable to their adaptive management system, which includes species‐specific regulations and spatial zoning, and is realized through community decision‐making, knowledge sharing, and an ethos of care. These findings demonstrate that Indigenous stewardship can effectively sustain biodiversity in complex biocultural systems. The study underscores the importance of integrating Indigenous knowledge with scientific approaches to achieve long‐term conservation goals.
Long‐term data reveals increase in vehicle collisions of endangered birds in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya , Naito‐Liederbach Annegret Moto , Sadakuni Toshio , Morii Yuta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWildlife‐vehicle collisions have significant consequences for both humans and animals, including injuries, deaths, and vehicle damage. Therefore, analysis of accident data is important for planning countermeasures and appropriate wildlife management. In this research field, roadkill incidents have been extensively studied in many taxa, while railway accidents have received less attention despite their obvious impact on wildlife. Here we applied a Bayesian state‐space model to 31 years of collision data, both on railways and on roads, collected by the Ministry of the Environment in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of accidents for white‐tailed eagles, Steller's sea eagles, and red‐crowned cranes, for which over hundred accidents were reported in the data. Our analysis suggested that the mean annual number of individuals collected per collision site across Hokkaido increased 47,377‐fold in the white‐tailed eagle, 40,277‐fold in the Steller's sea eagle, and 50,584‐fold in the red‐crowned crane between 1991 and 2021. There have been concerns about the impact of traffic accidents on the population dynamics of these endangered birds, but no formal analyses have been conducted. Our analysis showed numerically that the negative impact has been increasing annually. These results suggest that long‐term data accumulation over large spatial scales allows us to understand the dynamics of accidents and predict potential factors underlying collision risks.
Negotiating Urban Development in Africa: Transnational Communities of Embedded Support in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Croese Sylvia , Kombe Wilbard 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article brings together recent debates in urban and development studies to illuminate the understudied politics and compromise involved in the rollout of globally funded urban development in Africa. The argument presented builds on a detailed analysis of the World Bank's urban development portfolio in Tanzania, with a specific focus on the Dar es Salaam Metro‐politan Development Project, to draw attention to the disjuncture between rising urban investments and persistently low levels of city‐level autonomy in urban Africa. Challenging views of cities as either active agents or mere subjects of urban development, the article focuses on the negotiation strategies that have been employed by donors and recipients alike to enable the continued disbursement of urban development funding. The pragmatic and non‐confrontational nature of these negotiation strategies is illustrated by highlighting the role of a transnational community of urban development professionals who contribute to embedding local support for policy reform from within. It is argued that while this community has been key to enabling the massive growth of the World Bank's urban lending portfolio in Tanzania, it has also contributed to undermining effective local government reform, thereby reshaping conventionally assumed pathways and understandings of urban agency and development.
Expert level of detection of interictal discharges with a deep neural network
Authors: Tjepkema‐Cloostermans Marleen C. , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Wieske Luuk , van Rootselaar Anne‐Fleur , Stunnenberg Bas C. , Keijzer Hanneke M. , Koelman Johannes H. T. M. , Tromp Selma C. , Dunca Ioana , van der Star Baukje J. , de Koning Myrthe E. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveDeep learning methods have shown potential in automating the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in electroencephalography (EEG). We compared IED detection using our previously trained deep neural network with a group of experts to assess its potential applicability.MethodsFirst, we performed clinical validation on an internal data set. Seven experts reviewed all EEG studies. Performance agreement between experts and the network was compared at both the EEG and IED levels. All EEG recordings were also processed with Persyst. Subsequently, we performed external validation, with data from four centers, using a hybrid approach, where detections by the deep neural network were reviewed by an expert. In case of disagreement with the original report, the EEG recording was annotated independently by five experts.ResultsFor internal validation we included 22 EEG studies with IEDs and 28 EEG studies from controls. At the EEG level, our network showed performance similar to that of the experts. For individual IED detection, the sensitivities between experts ranged from 20.7%–86.4%, whereas the sensitivity of our network was 82.5% (confidence interval [CI]: 77.7%–87.4%) at 99% specificity and a false detection rate (FDR) of <.2/min, outperforming Persyst, with 64.6% sensitivity (CI: 61.4%–67.9%) at 98% specificity. External validation in 174 EEG studies demonstrated that all 85 EEG recordings classified as normal in the original report were classified correctly, with an FDR of .10/min. Of the 89 EEG studies with IEDs according to the report, 56 were correctly classified (Cohen's κ = .62). Visual analysis of the remaining 33 EEG recordings showed high interobserver variability among the five experts (Fleiss’ κ = .13).SignificanceOur deep neural network detects IEDs on par with clinical experts. The external validation in a hybrid approach showed substantial agreement with the original report. Disagreement was due mainly to high interobserver variability. Our deep neural network may support visual EEG analysis and assist in diagnostics, particularly when human resources are limited.
Level 4 seizure monitoring unit admissions are associated with reduced long‐term health care costs
Authors: Josephson Colin B. , Lethebe Brendan Cord , Pang Elaine , Clement Fiona , Jetté Nathalie , Szostakiwskyj Jessie Hart , McLeod Graham , Sinaei Farnaz , Delgado‐Garcia Guillermo , Wiebe Samuel ,   the Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program Collaborators
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine whether admission to dedicated seizure monitoring units (SMUs) result in reduced health care use (HCU).MethodsThis was a retrospective open cohort study covering the years 2010–2018 of patients residing in Alberta, Canada, who were referred to the Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program and admitted to a level 4 SMU. Patients were required to have ≥3 years pre‐ and postadmission follow‐up. The outcome was the change in trajectory of composite HCU (primary care, specialist outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations) for the 3 years prior to and 3 years following SMU admission using the point of admission as the “index date.” Secondary outcomes were HCU limited to specific settings. We excluded the first 30 days following the point of admission to mitigate the confounding admission would have on the postadmission HCU trajectory. We used adjusted restricted maximum likelihood linear and nonlinear effects models to determine trajectories expressed as Canadian dollars.ResultsA total of 315 of 600 (53%) patients met eligibility criteria. Mean age was 40 years (SD = 17.4), 176 (56%) were female, 220 (70%) had focal epilepsy, and 60 (19%) had functional seizures or physiologic seizure mimics without epilepsy as adjudicated by the attending physician at the point of discharge. Mean per person health care costs increased by CAD$341.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −25.17 to 707.74) for each successive 6‐month interval prior to SMU admission (p = .07). Following admission, mean per person costs decreased by CAD$802.34 (95% CI = 699.62–905.06, p < .001) for each successive 6‐month interval up to 3 years postdischarge. Similar trends were noted for primary and specialist care, emergency department, admitted care, and when nonlinear models were applied.SignificanceAdmission to an SMU is associated with significant and enduring declines in HCU. Each 6‐months following discharge overall HCU declined by a mean of CAD$802.34 and acute inpatient, emergency department, and outpatient physician interactions declined by 25%, 26%, and 18% respectively. Comprehensive epilepsy care not only reduces morbidity and mortality but also reduces cost.
Sex Pheromone Mediates Resource Partitioning Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. suzukii
Authors: Kwadha Charles A. , Rehermann Guillermo , Tasso Deni , Fellous Simon , Bengtsson Marie , Wallin Erika A. , Flöhr Adam , Witzgall Peter , Becher Paul G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii and the cosmopolitan vinegar fly D. melanogaster feed on soft fruit and berries and widely overlap in geographic range. The presence of D. melanogaster reduces egg‐laying in D. suzukii, possibly because D. melanogaster outcompetes D. suzukii larvae feeding in the same fruit substrate. Flies use pheromones to communicate for mating, but pheromones also serve a role in reproductive isolation between related species. We asked whether a D. melanogaster pheromone also modulates oviposition behaviour in D. suzukii. A dual‐choice oviposition assay confirms that D. suzukii lays fewer eggs on blueberries exposed to D. melanogaster flies and further shows that female flies have a stronger effect than male flies. This was corroborated by treating berries with synthetic pheromones. Avoidance of D. suzukii oviposition is mediated by the female D. melanogaster pheromone (Z)‐4‐undecenal (Z4‐11Al). Significantly fewer eggs were laid on berries treated with synthetic Z4‐11Al. In comparison, the male pheromone (Z)‐11‐octadecenyl acetate (cVA) had no effect on D. suzukii oviposition. Z4‐11Al is a highly volatile compound that is perceived via olfaction and it is accordingly behaviourally active at a distance from the source. D. suzukii is known to engage in mutual niche construction with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum, which strongly attracts flies. Adding Z4‐11Al to fermenting H. uvarum significantly decreased D. suzukii flight attraction in a laboratory wind tunnel and a field trapping assay. That a D. melanogaster pheromone regulates oviposition in D. suzukii demonstrates that heterospecific pheromone communication contributes to reproductive isolation and resource partitioning in cognate species. Stimulo‐deterrent diversion or push‐pull methods, building on combined use of attractant and deterrent compounds, have shown promise for control of D. suzukii. A pheromone that specifically reduces D. suzukii attraction and oviposition adds to the toolbox for D. suzukii integrated management.
Changes in the Yield Effect of the Preceding Crop in the US Corn Belt Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Zhou Junxiong , Zhu Peng , Kluger Dan M. , Lobell David B. , Jin Zhenong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCrop rotation has been widely used to enhance crop yields and mitigate adverse climate impacts. The existing research predominantly focuses on the impacts of crop rotation under growing season (GS) climates, neglecting the influences of non‐GS (NGS) climates on agroecosystems. This oversight limits our understanding of the comprehensive climatic impacts on crop rotation and, consequently, our ability to devise effective adaptation strategies in response to climate warming. In this study, we examine the impacts of both GS and NGS climate conditions on the yield effect of the preceding crop in corn‐soybean rotation systems from 1999 to 2018 in the US Midwest. Using causal forest analysis, we estimate that crop rotation increases corn and soybean yields by 0.96 and 0.22 t/ha on average, respectively. We then employ statistical models to indicate that increasing temperatures and rainfall in the NGS reduce corn rotation benefits, while warming GS enhances rotation benefits for soybeans. By 2051–2070, we project that warming climates will reduce corn rotation benefits by 6.74% under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 1‐2.6 and 17.18% under SSP 5‐8.5. For soybeans, warming climates are expected to increase rotation benefits by 8.36% under SSP 1‐2.6 and 13.83% under SSP 5‐8.5. Despite these diverse climate impacts on both crops, increasing crop rotation could still improve county‐average yields, as neither corn nor soybean was fully rotated. If we project that all continuous corn and continuous soybeans are rotated by 2051–2070, county‐average corn yields will increase by 0.265 t/ha under SSP 1‐2.6 and 0.164 t/ha under SSP 5‐8.5, while county‐average soybean yields will gain 0.064 t/ha under SSP 1‐2.6 and 0.076 t/ha under SSP 5‐8.5. These findings highlight the effectiveness of crop rotation in the face of warming NGS and GS in the future and can help evaluate opportunities for adaptation.
The Growth of Cross‐Border Regions Toward “Two Countries, One Park”: A Case Study of the Mohan–Boten Cross‐Border Cooperation Zone
Authors: Song Zhouying , Yao Qiuhui , Liu Weidong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCross‐border regions have been the frontier areas of regional and subregional cooperation, the development of which involves the interaction of multiple scales and various agents. Existing studies focus mainly on cross‐border economic cooperation but pay less attention to issues such as urban construction and community development, which may lead to the neglect of the interests of local communities in the development of cross‐border regions. Based on a case study of the Mohan–Boten Cross‐border Cooperation Zone (CCZ), this study argues for the integrated development toward “Two Countries, One Park” through the functional integration of urban planning, industrial investment, public services, and community development. The study finds that the success of the “Two Countries, One Park” pattern relies on the coordination of multi‐scalar governance and multi‐agent cooperation, whereas the “scale paradox” caused by the asymmetric distribution of power and responsibility among different governance scales and the relevant agents is a major hindrance to functional integration and cross‐border cooperation. Addressing the “scale paradox” is, therefore, crucial for successful cross‐border development.
The Effect of Organisational Justice, Academic Identification and Legitimacy of Academic Authorities on Student Loyalty
Authors: Główczewski Michał , Burdziej Stanisław , Wójcik Adrian Dominik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOur work contributes to existing research on student loyalty by testing a model that includes organisational justice as a predictor. In Study 1 (n = 257, Polish sample), students' perceived organisational justice of their university was a positive predictor of their loyalty. In Study 2 (n = 522, Polish sample), we replicated these findings and observed that academic identification accounted for the relationship between university's organisational justice and students' loyalty. In Study 3 (n = 500, American sample), we replicated findings from Study 1 and Study 2 and tested perceived legitimacy of university staff and authorities as another mediator of the investigated relationship. We conclude that the experience of organisational fairness at university translates into stronger academic identification and greater perceived university legitimacy, both of which lead to increased loyalty. Thus, we recommend that evaluation tools in higher education institutions more explicitly measure student perceptions of fairness.
Delivery of Supported Self‐Management in Primary Care Asthma Reviews: Insights From the IMP2ART Programme
Authors: Kinley Emma , Pinnock Hilary , Steed Liz , McClatchey Kirstie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSupported self‐management (SSM) for asthma reduces the risk of asthma attacks and improves asthma control and quality of life. SSM optimally includes patient‐centred communication and behaviour change support, however, the extent to which this occurs in routine primary care is unclear. This project was nested within the IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self‐management as RouTine (IMP2ART) programme; a UK‐wide trial evaluating an implementation strategy (including healthcare professional (HCP) training on behaviour change strategies and patient‐centred care) to improve support for asthma self‐management.ObjectiveTo provide an understanding of how healthcare professionals deliver SSM in UK clinical practice; through assessing time spent on SSM strategies, how and to what extent patient‐centred care and behaviour change discussions are delivered, and to explore whether factors such as mode of review or implementation support influence delivery.Design, Setting and ParticipantsWe conducted an observational study using video‐recordings of 12 HCPs delivering routine face‐to‐face and telephone asthma reviews (n = 64) in a sample of general practices participating in the IMP2ART trial (implementation n = 4; control n = 6). Analytical methods included: ALFA Toolkit Multi‐Channel Video Observation (to code and quantify tasks undertaken); the Patient‐Centred Observation Form; and The Behaviour Change Counselling Index (to assess patient‐centeredness and behaviour change counselling used by HCPs).ResultsHCPs mostly spent time during routine asthma reviews discussing: an individual's asthma condition and management (average of 27.8% of consultation time); collaboratively reviewing and completing a personalised asthma action plan (6.3%) and training for practical self‐management activities (5.4%). Areas of patient‐centred care delivery and behavioural discussions included: creating and maintaining relationships, discussing asthma action plans and medication reconciliation. Professionals in IMP2ART implementation group practices delivered more SSM strategies. Comparison of face‐to‐face and remote consultations found no significant differences in HCP delivery of SSM.ConclusionsHCPs in UK primary care spent half the time in both face‐to‐face and remote asthma reviews delivering components of SSM suggesting that either mode of delivery may be acceptable. Reviews carried out in IMP2ART implementation group practices demonstrated more behaviour change and collaborative SSM strategies compared to those in the control group.Patient and Public ContributionAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research (AUKCAR) PPI members were involved throughout, including project conception, providing feedback on participant‐facing documents, and discussing implications of study findings.