bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The introduction ofSargassum muticummodifies epifaunal patterns in a Moroccan seagrass meadow
Authors: Belattmania Zahira , Chaouti Abdellatif , Reani Abdeltif , Engelen Aschwin H. , Machado Margarida , Serrão Ester A. , Sabour Brahim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMarine macrophytes sustain valuable epiphytic biodiversity. Nonindigenous macroalgae may induce changes in composition and structure of epifaunal assemblages and therefore support different assemblages from those associated with native species. In this study, differences in faunal community structure between the introduced fucoidSargassum muticumand the native seagrassCymodocea nodosawere tested over a year on an intertidal shallow sandy bottom at the southern introduction front, the El Jadida coastline (NW Morocco). Epifaunal community structure consistently differed between macrophytes through seasons, with more species‐rich assemblages associated withS. muticumthanC. nodosadespite comparable abundances. The significantly greater epifauna diversity onS. muticummay be related to its structural complexity. However, the species contributing most to differences in assemblages between both macrophytes, such asSteromphala umbilicalisandS. pennanti, were found on both habitats with temporally varying abundances. Some species‐specific affinities were detected (Stenosomacf.acuminatum, Elasmopus vachoni, Chauvetia brunnea). Nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and temperature were identified as the best explanatory variables contributing to the observed macroepifaunal patterns. This study provides evidence thatS. muticumacts as a favourable and additional habitat for epifaunal species and supports a more diverse epifaunal assemblage in this Moroccan seagrass meadow.
Crystal structure of the ligand‐binding domain of a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator: transcriptional activation via a rotary switch
Authors: Kim Youngchang , Chhor Gekleng , Tsai Ching–Sung , Winans James B. , Jedrzejczak Robert , Joachimiak Andrzej , Winans Stephen C. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryLysR‐type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) generally bind to target promoters in two conformations, depending on the availability of inducing ligands. OccR is an LTTR that regulates the octopine catabolism operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. OccR binds to a site located between the divergent occQ and occR promoters. Octopine triggers a conformational change that activates the occQ promoter, and does not affect autorepression. This change shortens the length of bound DNA and relaxes a high‐angle DNA bend. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of OccR apoprotein and holoprotein. Pairs of LBDs form dimers with extensive hydrogen bonding, while pairs of dimers interact via a single helix, creating a tetramer interface. Octopine causes a 70° rotation of each dimer with respect to the opposite dimer, precisely at the tetramer interface. We modeled the DNA binding domain (DBD), linker helix and bound DNA onto the apoprotein and holoprotein. The two DBDs of the modeled apoprotein lie far apart and the bound DNA between them has a high‐angle DNA bend. In contrast, the two DBDs of the holoprotein lie closer to each other, with a low DNA bend angle. This inter‐dimer pivot fully explains earlier studies of this LTTR.
Who's afraid of Banal Nationalism?
Authors: Duchesne Sophie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMichael Billig's book, Banal Nationalism, published in 1995, has a significant international reputation and is one of the books most commonly quoted in Anglophone studies on nationalism. This article follows on from the various books and articles that were published for the 20th anniversary of the book and underlines the way in which the posterity of this thesis is partly based on a misunderstanding, or a misappropriation. In a context in which the end of nations seemed imminent, Banal Nationalism aimed to demonstrate that, on the contrary, nationalism was indeed spread massively and invisibly throughout the world, and particularly in established Western democracies. Yet today this book is considered one of the founding texts of the bottom‐up approach to national identity, which puts individuals at the heart of the fabrication of nations. This article discusses how this interpretation has come about.
Only Connect: Romano Guardini, Gaudium et Spes and the Unity of Christian Existence
Authors: Gorevan Patrick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRomano Guardini's theory of oppositions (Gegensatzlehre), which helped him forge a unity within multifaceted realities such as Church and liturgy, also inspired him to achieve a unity between the secular and sacred aspects of the Christian life, as the Second Vatican Council was later to do, particularly in Gaudium et Spes. While Gaudium et Spes 36 concentrated on a Christian view of the autonomy of created realities, Guardini diagnosed the gulf between faith and life in a neglect of the interplay of creation and redemption: ‘to save redemption by the Son, [man] has been forced to abandon creation by the Father’. In a way which was prophetic of later criticisms of Gaudium et Spes and also of fruitful applications and developments of its doctrine, Guardini called for a reflection on the light which the work of redemption sheds on the created world and on man's life within it, that the believer may stand with his faith amid the concrete, actual world, and rediscover that world in his faith.
Neuroimaging in dengue:CTandMRIfeatures
Authors: Md Noh Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez , Abdul Rashid Anna Misyail , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Khoo Ching Soong , Rajadurai Naveen , Muda Ahmad Sobri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeurological manifestations of dengue are increasingly seen, especially in endemic regions. The wide availability of cross sectional imaging has allowed radiological depiction ofCNSinvolvement in symptomatic patients. Classically, dengue was thought to be a nonneurotropic virus; however, increasing evidence is suggesting central nervous system involvement. A number of pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of the neurological symptoms seen. Although there is no specific neuroimaging feature at present, knowledge of its variable appearance may aid in treatment, prognostication, and follow up. In this article, we attempt to review, comprehensively, the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in dengue, viaCTandMRI. We also discuss some common pitfalls associated with this disease entity.
Virulence‐ and signaling‐associated genes display a preference for long 3′UTRs during rice infection and metabolic stress in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Rodríguez‐Romero Julio , Marconi Marco , Ortega‐Campayo Víctor , Demuez Marie , Wilkinson Mark D. , Sesma Ane 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Generation of mRNA isoforms by alternative polyadenylation (APA) and their involvement in regulation of fungal cellular processes, including virulence, remains elusive. Here, we investigated genome‐wide polyadenylation site (PAS) selection in the rice blast fungus to understand how APA regulates pathogenicity.

More than half of Magnaporthe oryzae transcripts undergo APA and show novel motifs in their PAS region. Transcripts with shorter 3′UTRs are more stable and abundant in polysomal fractions, suggesting they are being translated more efficiently. Importantly, rice colonization increases the use of distal PASs of pathogenicity genes, especially those participating in signalling pathways like 14‐3‐3B, whose long 3′UTR is required for infection.

Cleavage factor I (CFI) Rbp35 regulates expression and distal PAS selection of virulence and signalling‐associated genes, tRNAs and transposable elements, pointing its potential to drive genomic rearrangements and pathogen evolution. We propose a noncanonical PAS selection mechanism for Rbp35 that recognizes UGUAH, unlike humans, without CFI25.

Our results showed that APA controls turnover and translation of transcripts involved in fungal growth and environmental adaptation. Furthermore, these data provide useful information for enhancing genome annotations and for cross‐species comparisons of PASs and PAS usage within the fungal kingdom and the tree of life.
From an “Absent to a Silent Presence”—New Zealand at the International Geographical Congress 1875 to 1952
Authors: Roche Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs a prequel to the centenary of the International Geographical Union in 2022, this paper discusses connections between New Zealand and the International Geographical Congresses as a site of knowledge creation from the 1870s up to the mid‐20th century. New Zealand featured initially as an example in the work of others at early International Geographical Union Congresses. There was fleeting New Zealand attendance before the country was represented by proxy as part of the British Empire delegation prior to the first direct university geographer attendance.
Discovery and preclinical validation of proteomic biomarkers in saliva for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Shan Jing , Sun Zhida , Yang Jingjing , Xu Juanyong , Shi Wei , Wu You , Fan Yuan , Li Huaiqi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to identify and prevalidate a set of salivary proteins that can distinguish oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) patients from healthy individuals and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).Subjects and methodsProteomes of 60 saliva samples from healthy individuals, OPMD patients, and OSCC patients were assayed using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to prevalidate the candidate biomarkers in an independent sample set (n = 90).ResultsIn total, 246 differentially expressed proteins were identified by comparing each two groups, and 21 proteins were differentially expressed when OSCC was compared with both OPMD and Control. Three proteins, namely, solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), S100 calcium‐binding protein A2 (S100A2), and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN), were selected as candidate biomarkers. Comparing the OSCC group with the healthy group, the area under curve (AUC) of the three combined biomarkers was 0.89, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 83.33%. Comparing the OSCC group with the OPMD group, the AUC value was 0.87, with a sensitivity of 93.33% and a specificity of 70.00%.ConclusionOur study indicates that salivary proteomics is promising for the discovery of OSCC biomarkers.
Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy as a result of metastatic breast cancer: a case report
Authors: Jamison Alice , Narwal Pavandeep , Creedon Alex 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 43 year old female attended with spontaneous onset of isolated left hypoglossal nerve palsy. The patient was undergoing concurrent treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation revealed a metastatic infiltration of the left occipital bone with encroachment upon the left hypoglossal canal. Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is uncommon and upon presentation should be treated with a high level of suspicion.
Segmental Hailey‐Hailey disease of the vulva
Authors: García‐Morales Irene , Requena‐Caballero Luis , Happle Rudolf , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA female infant presented with an ulcerated lesion on the right side of the vulva. Histopathology showed a suprabasal acantholytic blister with intact papillae protruding into the blister cavity and a few dyskeratotic cells. There were no signs of injury on other locations. Family history was unremarkable. Our patient may have linear Hailey‐Hailey disease of the vulva, most likely a case of type 1 mosaic.
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Rice Water (Starch)‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Rapidly in the Presence of Sunlight
Authors: Mathew Shiji , Raveendran Aswani , Mathew Jyothis , Radhakrishnan Edayileveettil K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGreen synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have enormous applications. Hence, there is an increasing demand to explore diverse bioresources for AgNP fabrication to make the process more cost‐effective and rapid as possible. Due to the abundantly present hydroxyl groups of rice starch, it provides ideal sites for metal ion complexation and thereby synthesis of nanoparticles with promising activity. So the study was designed to develop rapid, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective method for green AgNP synthesis using boiled rice water starch in the presence of sunlight irradiation. The starch‐capped nanoparticles (sAgNPs) formed in the study were found to have the surface plasmon absorbance at 439 nm. The study showed optimum yield of sAgNPs when 25% rice starch was treated with aqueous 1 mM AgNO3 for 15 min in the presence of sunlight. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided mechanistic insight into the role of –OH groups of starch in the reduction of AgNO3 to sAgNPs. On further characterization by X‐ray diffraction analysis, the sAgNPs were identified to have FCC crystal structure. At the same time, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis showed majority of sAgNPs to have spherical morphology, and dynamic light scattering study revealed the average particle size as 36.3 nm. Further confirmation on presence of AgNPs was carried out by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the sAgNPs exhibited promising antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.
Vaccine‐preventable severe morbidity and mortality caused by meningococcus and pneumococcus: A population‐based study in France
Authors: Lorton Fleur , Chalumeau Martin , Assathiany Rémy , Martinot Alain , Bucchia Marie , Roué Jean‐Michel , Bourgoin Pierre , Chantreuil Julie , Boussicault Gérald , Gaillot Théophile , Saulnier Jean‐Pascal , Caillon Jocelyne , Levy Corinne , Cohen Robert , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle , Launay Elise 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a context of suboptimal vaccination coverage and increasing vaccine hesitancy, we aimed to study morbidity and mortality in children related to missing or incomplete meningococcal C and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational, population‐based study from 2009 to 2014 in a French administrative area that included all children from age 1 month to 16 years who died before admission or were admitted to an intensive care unit for a community‐onset bacterial infection. Vaccine‐preventable infection was defined as an infection with an identified serotype included in the national vaccine schedule at the time of infection and occurring in a non‐ or incompletely vaccinated child. Death and severe sequelae were studied at hospital discharge. Frequencies of vaccine‐preventable morbidity and mortality caused by meningococcus and pneumococcus were calculated.ResultsAmong the 124 children with serotyped meningococcal (n = 75) or pneumococcal (n = 49) severe infections included (median age 26 months), 20 (16%) died and 12 (10%) had severe sequelae. Vaccine‐preventable infections accounted for 18/124 infections (15%, 95% CI 9, 22), 5/20 deaths (25%, 95% CI 9, 49), and 3/12 severe sequelae cases (25%, 95% CI 0, 54). The vaccine schedule for meningococcal C and pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations was incomplete for 71/116 (61%) children targeted by at least one of these two vaccination programs.ConclusionsMortality and morbidity rates related to vaccine‐preventable meningococcal or pneumococcal infection could be reduced by one quarter with better implementation of immunisation programs. Such information could help enhance the perception of vaccine benefits and fight vaccine hesitancy.
Sperm DNA integrity in Landrace and Duroc boar semen and its relationship to litter size
Authors: Myromslien Frøydis D. , Tremoen Nina H. , Andersen‐Ranberg Ina , Fransplass Ragnhild , Stenseth Else‐Berit , Zeremichael Teklu T. , van Son Maren , Grindflek Eli , Gaustad Ann Helen 
Published: August 2018

ContentsThe sperm chromatin structure assay is a method for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation, a parameter reported to be negatively related to field fertility in several mammal species. This method calculates a DNA fragmentation index (DFI) whose high values indicate abnormal chromatin structure. In this study, running from March 2010 until June 2017, the aim was to assess sperm DFI in stored liquid extended semen from two different pig breeds, Norwegian Landrace (NL; n = 693) and Norwegian Duroc (ND; n = 655), and to evaluate the influence on total number of piglets born (TNB). There was a significantly higher median DFI (p < 0.0001) in ejaculates from the 478 ND boars compared to the 452 NL boars. Data from 19,496 NL litters and 3,877 ND litters of the same boars were retrieved. For either breed, sow herd (p < 0.0001), parity (p < 0.05) and DFI (p < 0.05) showed significant effects on TNB. The DFI was negatively correlated to TNB in both breeds. The boars with the 5% lowest TNB had a least square means DFI of 3.05% and 2.24% in NL and ND, respectively, compared to 1.67% and 1.23% for the boars with the 5% highest TNB (p < 0.01). The DFI and the motility of the same semen samples were negatively correlated (p < 0.0001), and the high and low TNB groups showed significant differences in motility. However, this difference could not be used for practical prediction of TNB group (92.1% vs. 89.7%; p = 0.0038 and 92.3% vs. 89.5%; p = 0.018; NL and ND, respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that sperm DNA integrity in semen with good motility and morphology may be an additional prediction parameter for fertility in pigs.
Kisspeptin in the early post–partum of the dairy cow
Authors: Rizzo Annalisa , Ceci Edmondo , Guaricci Antonio Ciro , Sciorsci Raffaele Luigi 
Published: August 2018

ContentsRecently, a new molecule, kisspeptin (Kp), and in particular Kisspeptin 10 (Kp10), was implicated in stimulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating Kp10 levels in the early post–partum period of the dairy cow. Blood samples were collected from 40 dairy cows, at 10 (T10), 12 (T12), 14 (T14) and 16 (T16) days after calving. Progesterone (P4) levels were evaluated using ELISA, and levels of oestrogens (E2) and Kp were evaluated using a radio‐immunologic method. After an initial plateau, Kp10 significantly increased at T14 and decreased at T16. The P4 and E2 mean serum values remained in the physiological range. It is likely that Kp10 enhanced hypothalamic GnRH release as well as pituitary gonadotropin secretion, thus promoting follicular growth and the increase in E2 levels, which might have further enhanced Kp10 release through a positive feedback loop. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the range of Kp10 blood concentration during the early post–partum period in the dairy cow. The results of our study will increase our current understanding of the complex neuro‐endocrine crosstalk underlying the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in the dairy cow.
From the blood of the martyrs to the baptism of the spirit inElSalvador
Authors: Wadkins Timothy H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the rise and proliferation of individual, emotion and miracle‐centered Pentecostal, or Spirit‐filled Christianity in El Salvador. Over the past half century, Roman Catholic allegiance has declined to 50 percent of the population, and less than half of those are non‐practicing. Meanwhile, Evangelical and Pentecostal varieties of Christianity have grown to about 40 percent of the population with high levels of practice. This Spirit‐filled movement is most visible in two mega churches, Tabernáculo Biblico Bauptista and Misión Cristiana Elim, each of which have memberships of over 80,000. However, this movement is also conspicuous in the thousands of small make‐shift churches, and the rapidly growing Catholic Charismatic Movement. Overall, this movement is directly connected to the social and political turmoil associated with the Civil War (1980–1992), and especially post‐war efforts to modernize and democratize the country.
Change in Public Concern and Responsive Behaviors Toward Air Pollution Under the Dome
Authors: Qin Chuanshen , Xu Jianhua , Wong‐Parodi Gabrielle , Xue Lan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of the documentary Under the Dome on the concern and responsive behaviors of the public regarding air pollution in China, with two surveys conducted before and after watching the documentary. Employing difference‐in‐differences regression, this study answers two research questions: (1) Does Under the Dome change public concern about air pollution? (2) Does Under the Dome change public behaviors in response to air pollution, including protective behaviors (i.e., wearing face masks) and mitigation behaviors (i.e., reducing car driving)? We find that the information campaign (1) protects against the decline of public concern about air pollution in Beijing and (2) moderates the degree to which people's perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and sense of self‐efficacy influence protective behaviors and moderates the degree to which people's belief in the cooperative behaviors by others influences mitigation behaviors. This study provides evidence that information campaigns of the Under the Dome type are effective in raising public awareness; however, the information campaign did not directly influence public protective and mitigation behaviors.
Radical right politics in East and West: Distinctive yet equivalent
Authors: Pytlas Bartek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParticularly in Central and Eastern Europe, but also in “the West,” radical right politics established itself in the mainstream and continues to challenge liberal democracy from within. While there is broad consensus that radical right politics in both regions constitute an exclusionary, anti‐pluralist counter‐reaction against societal modernization, the discussion continues whether the radical right in the East remains a contextually distinctive phenomenon sui generis, or rather becomes increasingly similar and “functionally equivalent” to the West.This review synthesizes extant findings on radical right politics from a comparative East–West perspective. Pursuing a “middle path” approach based on the framing perspective, it discusses conceptual synergies behind contextually distinctive and functionally equivalent aspects of radical right politics, expanding these comparative observations towards narrative strategies, mainstreaming mechanisms, and its impact on societies, party systems, policies, and liberal democracy as such.The discussion demonstrates the potential of the framing approach for comparative East–West study of radical right politics. It further shows that not only can concepts developed for WE cases be adapted to inform studies on CEE. Concurrently, contextualized insights from Central and Eastern Europe can provide broader lessons relevant to the study of radical right politics across Europe and in “the West.”