bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive language processing revealing usage-based variation
Authors: VERHAGEN VÉRONIQUE , MOS MARIA , BACKUS AD , SCHILPEROORD JOOST 
Published: June 2018

abstractWhile theories on predictive processing posit that predictions are based on one’s prior experiences, experimental work has effectively ignored the fact that people differ from each other in their linguistic experiences and, consequently, in the predictions they generate. We examine usage-based variation by means of three groups of participants (recruiters, job-seekers, and people not (yet) looking for a job), two stimuli sets (word sequences characteristic of either job ads or news reports), and two experiments (a Completion task and a Voice Onset Time task). We show that differences in experiences with a particular register result in different expectations regarding word sequences characteristic of that register, thus pointing to differences in mental representations of language. Subsequently, we investigate to what extent different operationalizations of word predictability are accurate predictors of voice onset times. A measure of a participant’s own expectations proves to be a significant predictor of processing speed over and above word predictability measures based on amalgamated data. These findings point to actual individual differences and highlight the merits of going beyond amalgamated data. We thus demonstrate that is it feasible to empirically assess the variation implied in usage-based theories, and we advocate exploiting this opportunity.
Diurnal vertical and seasonal changes in non-structural carbohydrates in Marandu palisade grass
Authors: De Oliveira F. C. Leite , Sanchez J. M. D. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Lima C. G. , Luz P. H. C. , Rocha C. O. , Pereira L. E. T. , Herling V. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForage is the primary feed source for livestock in tropical regions and energy is one of the most important nutrients for ruminant nutrition. The effects of harvest management of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations were evaluated. A plot (Experiment 1) and a greenhouse study (Experiment 2) were conducted in 2013–14. In Experiment 1, treatments were the factorial arrangement of two harvest times and two vertical canopy layers (upper and intermediate), distributed in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In Experiment 2, treatments were the factorial arrangement of six harvest times and two morphological fractions (leaf blade and pseudostem). In both experiments, NSC concentration increased during the day. Upper and intermediate canopy layers had greater NSC concentration at 15.00 than 06.00 h during spring and summer. In addition, the magnitude of NSC increase was greater in the upper than intermediate canopy layer and in spring than summer. Marandu palisade grass shows greater digestibility in the afternoon than morning, representing an opportunity to optimize energy concentration through harvest management.
Caused motion across child languages: a comparison of English, German, and French
Authors: HICKMANN Maya , HENDRIKS Henriëtte , HARR Anne-Katharina , BONNET Philippe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevious research on motion expression indicates that typological properties influence how speakers select and express information in discourse (Slobin, 2004; Talmy, 2000). The present study further addresses this question by examining the expression of caused motion by adults and children (three to ten years) in French (Verb-framed) vs. English and German (Satellite-framed). Participants narrated short animated cartoons showing an agent displacing objects and varying along several dimensions (Path, Manner). A significant increase with age was found in the number of expressed motion components in all languages, as well as an influence of Path (vertical > boundary crossing). However, at all ages, participants encoded more information in English and German than in French, where more variation and structural changes occurred with increasing age. These findings highlight both cognitive and typological factors impacting the expression of caused motion in development. Implications of our findings are sketched in the ‘Discussion’.
Sums of class numbers and mixed mock modular forms
Authors: BRINGMANN KATHRIN , KANE BEN 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider sums of class numbers of the type ∑m≡a(modp)H(4n−m2), wherepis an odd prime,n∈ ℕ, anda∈ ℤ. By showing that these are coefficients of mixed mock modular forms, we obtain explicit formulas. Using these formulas forp= 5 and 7, we then prove a conjecture of Brown et al. in the case thatn= ℓ is prime.
Energy intake and food sources of eight Latin American countries: results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)
Authors: Kovalskys Irina , Fisberg Mauro , Gómez Georgina , Pareja Rossina G , Yépez García Martha C , Cortés Sanabria Lilia Y , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Rigotti Attilio , Guajardo Viviana , Zalcman Zimberg Ioná , Nogueira Previdelli Agatha , Moreno Luis A , Koletzko Berthold ,   the ELANS Study Group
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveFew previous studies in Latin America (LA) have provided data on dietary intake composition with a standardized methodology. The present study aimed to characterize energy intake (EI) and to describe the main food sources of energy in representative samples of the urban population from eight LA countries from the Latin American Study in Nutrition and Health (ELANS).DesignCross-sectional study. Usual dietary intake was assessed with two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls.SettingUrban areas from eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela), September 2014 to July 2015.SubjectsAdolescents and adults aged 15–65 years. Final sample comprised 9218 individuals, of whom 6648 (72·1 %) were considered plausible reporters.ResultsOverall, mean EI was 8196 kJ/d (1959 kcal/d), with a balanced distribution of macronutrients (54 % carbohydrate, 30 % fat, 16 % protein). Main food sources of energy were grains, pasta and bread (28 %), followed by meat and eggs (19 %), oils and fats (10 %), non-alcoholic homemade beverages (6 %) and ready-to-drink beverages (6 %). More than 25 % of EI was provided from food sources rich in sugar and fat, like sugary drinks, pastries, chips and candies. Meanwhile, only 18 % of EI was from food sources rich in fibre and micronutrients, such as whole grains, roots, fruits, vegetables, beans, fish and nuts. No critical differences were observed by gender or age.ConclusionsPublic health efforts oriented to diminish consumption of refined carbohydrates, meats, oils and sugar and to increase nutrient dense-foods are a priority in the region to drive to a healthier diet.
Electron Microscopy Imaging of Zinc Soaps Nucleation in Oil Paint
Authors: Hermans Joen , Osmond Gillian , van Loon Annelies , Iedema Piet , Chapman Robyn , Drennan John , Jack Kevin , Rasch Ronald , Morgan Garry , Zhang Zhi , Monteiro Michael , Keune Katrien 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing the recently developed techniques of electron tomography, we have explored the first stages of disfiguring formation of zinc soaps in modern oil paintings. The formation of complexes of zinc ions with fatty acids in paint layers is a major threat to the stability and appearance of many late 19th and early 20th century oil paintings. Moreover, the occurrence of zinc soaps in oil paintings leading to defects is disturbingly common, but the chemical reactions and migration mechanisms leading to large zinc soap aggregates or zones remain poorly understood. State-of-the-art scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy techniques, primarily developed for biological specimens, have enabled us to visualize the earliest stages of crystalline zinc soap growth in a reconstructed zinc white (ZnO) oil paint sample.In situsectioning techniques and sequential imaging within the SEM allowed three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of sample morphology. Improvements in the detection and discrimination of backscattered electrons enabled us to identify local precipitation processes with small atomic number contrast. The SEM images were correlated to low-dose and high-sensitivity TEM images, with high-resolution tomography providing unprecedented insight into the structure of nucleating zinc soaps at the molecular level. The correlative approach applied here to study phase separation, and crystallization processes specific to a problem in art conservation creates possibilities for visualization of phase formation in a wide range of soft materials.
The broad X-ray emission of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0437–4715
Authors: Guillot Sebastien 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nearest millisecond pulsar PSR J0437–4715 is the ideal target to constrain the dense matter equation of state using the lightcurve modelling method. Our analysis combining XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and ROSAT observations removed ambiguities in the spectral modelling of the surface emission from PSR J0437–4715. Furthermore, the NuSTAR observation demonstrated that the non-thermal hard tail emission was pulsed at the pulsar spin period. These features are crucial to model the lightcurve and to measure the radius of the neutron star. This conference proceeding is based on the publication Guillot et al. (2016).
Comparing Gamma-ray Loud and Gamma-ray Quiet Radio Pulsars – A Unification Scheme
Authors: Weltevrede Patrick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA radio polarization study of gamma-ray-detected pulsars reveals a surprising tendency for the magnetic and rotation axes to be relatively aligned. This provides tension with gamma-ray models, which disfavour such alignment. The lack of correlation between these findings and those derived from the gamma-ray light curves suggests problems in the models. To make the data consistent with a random orientation of the magnetic field the emission regions could be assumed to extend outside what is traditionally thought to be the open-field-line region in a magnetic inclination angle dependent way. Both acceptance and rejection of this hypothesis has important consequences. Finally, a unification scheme is proposed to explain the observational differences between gamma-ray loud and gamma-ray quiet radio pulsars. This unification scheme takes the orientation of the line of sight and the magnetic inclination angle to be key parameters affecting both the radio and gamma-ray light-curve morphology.
PSRSalsa and the bi-drifting pulsar B1839–04
Authors: Weltevrede Patrick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPSRSalsa is a versatile open-source pulsar data-analysis project designed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the radio properties of your pulsar of choice. Here its usefulness is demonstrated through the analysis of the radio pulsar B1839–04, thereby revealing the extremely rare phenomenon of “bi-drifting” where the drift direction of subpulses is systematically different in different pulse profile components.
Systematic study of magnetar outbursts
Authors: Zelati Francesco Coti 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present the results of a systematic study of all magnetar outbursts observed to date through a reanalysis of data acquired in about 1100 X-ray observations. We track the temporal evolution of the luminosity for all these events, model empirically their decays, and estimate the characteristic decay time-scales and the energy involved. We study the link between different parameters, and reveal several correlations between different quantities. We discuss our results in the framework of the models proposed to explain the triggering mechanism and evolution of magnetar outbursts.
Anomalous Pulsar Scattering at LOFAR Frequencies
Authors: Geyer Marisa , Karastergiou Aris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is ideally suited to pulsar scattering studies, providing broad bands at low frequencies where the imprints of the ionized Interstellar Medium (IISM) are exaggerated. We analyse a set of sources at 110–190 MHz, and find unexpectedly shallow dependencies of pulse scatter broadening on frequency. These anomalous scattering values are discussed by considering evidence for anisotropic scattering and small scattering clouds.
Phase shifts in multi-frequency observations of the drift bands of J0034-0721
Authors: McSweeney Samuel J. , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Tremblay Steven E. , Deshpande Avinash A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe observed single pulses from PSR J0034-0721 (B0031-07) simultaneously at the MWA (185 MHz) and the GMRT (610 MHz). Correlation analyses reveal that the phase difference of the average profiles at the two frequencies differs from the phase difference observed between individual subpulses, indicating that the individual emission columns above the pulsar’s rotating carousel of sparks do not evolve in frequency in the same way that the global magnetosphere does. This hints at a possible departure from the dipolar field geometry in this pulsar’s emission region. Moreover, the discrepancy depends on the drift mode, suggestive of a way to constrain the emission heights associated with each drift mode.
Gigahertz-peaked spectra pulsars
Authors: Rożko Karolina , Lewandowski Wojciech , Kijak Jarosław , Basu Rahul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this short overview we summarize our knowledge of twenty five pulsars showing GPS characteristics. Especially, we will focus on two objects. The first is PSR B1800–21 - a Vela-like GPS pulsar with a variable spectrum. The second is PSR J1740+1000 - a pulsar that shows high frequency turnover based on our most recent observations using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and the Green Bank Telescope.
Searching for pulsars in future radio continuum surveys
Authors: Dai Shi , Johnston Simon , Hobbs George 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadio continuum surveys are equally sensitive to all pulsars, not affected by dispersion measure smearing, scattering or orbital modulation of spin periods, and therefore allow us to search for extreme pulsars, such as sub-millisecond pulsars, pulsar-black hole systems and pulsars in the Galactic Centre. As we move towards the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) era, searching for pulsars in continuum images will complement conventional pulsar searches, and make it possible to find extreme objects.
Machine Learning for Pulsar Detection
Authors: McFadden Rebecca , Karastergiou Aris , Roberts Stephen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe next generation of radio telescopes will have unprecedented sensitivity and time-resolution offering exciting new capabilities in time-domain science. However, this will result in very large numbers of pulsar and transient event candidates and the associated data rates will be technically challenging in terms of data storage and signal processing. Automated detection and classification techniques are therefore required and must be optimized to allow high-throughput data processing in real time. In this paper we provide a summary of the emerging machine learning techniques being applied to this problem.
Pulsar observations at millimetre wavelengths
Authors: Torne Pablo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDetecting and studying pulsars above a few GHz in the radio band is challenging due to the typical faintness of pulsar radio emission, their steep spectra, and the lack of observatories with sufficient sensitivity operating at high frequency ranges. Despite the difficulty, the observations of pulsars at high radio frequencies are valuable because they can help us to understand the radio emission process, complete a census of the Galactic pulsar population, and possibly discover the elusive population in the Galactic Centre, where low-frequency observations have problems due to the strong scattering. During the decades of the 1990s and 2000s, the availability of sensitive instrumentation allowed for the detection of a small sample of pulsars above 10 GHz, and for the first time in the millimetre band. Recently, new attempts between 3 and 1 mm (≈86 − 300 GHz) have resulted in the detections of a pulsar and a magnetar up to the highest radio frequencies to date, reaching 291 GHz (1.03 mm). The efforts continue, and the advent of new or upgraded millimetre facilities like the IRAM 30-m, NOEMA, the LMT, and ALMA, warrants a new era of high-sensitivity millimetre pulsar astronomy in the upcoming years.
Blind Search Methods for Binary Gamma-ray Pulsars
Authors: Nieder Lars , Clark Colin J. , Pletsch Holger J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGamma-ray observations by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) have been used very successfully in the last 9 years to detect more than 200 gamma-ray pulsars. Sixty of these have been found by directly searching for pulsations in the gamma-ray data, but only one binary MSP has been found this way. Pulsars in binaries are often difficult to detect in radio data because of large eclipses, and some binary MSPs may even be radio quiet. For those, a gamma-ray blind search might be the only possibility for detection. While searches for isolated pulsars up to kilohertz frequencies are already computationally very challenging, blind searches for binary gamma-ray pulsars are simply infeasible without further knowledge of their orbital parameters. Here we present methods with which we can conduct searches for candidate binary gamma-ray pulsars for which orbital constraints are known from optical observations of a likely companion star. We also highlight some example sources where these methods have been used.
Studying Magnetic Fields using Low-frequency Pulsar Observations
Authors: Sobey C. ,   LOFAR and MWA collaborations
Published: June 2018

AbstractLow-frequency polarisation observations of pulsars, facilitated by next-generation radio telescopes, provide powerful probes of astrophysical plasmas that span many orders of magnitude in magnetic field strength and scale: from pulsar magnetospheres to intervening magneto-ionic plasmas including the ISM and the ionosphere. Pulsar magnetospheres with teragauss field strengths can be explored through their numerous emission phenomena across multiple frequencies, the mechanism behind which remains elusive. Precise dispersion and Faraday rotation measurements towards a large number of pulsars probe the three-dimensional large-scale (and eventually small-scale) structure of the Galactic magnetic field, which plays a role in many astrophysical processes, but is not yet well understood, especially towards the Galactic halo. We describe some results and ongoing work from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio telescopes in these areas. These and other pathfinder and precursor telescopes have reinvigorated low-frequency science and build towards the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which will make significant advancements in studies of astrophysical magnetic fields in the next 50 years.
Single Pulses from the Galactic Center Magnetar with the Very Large Array
Authors: Chatterjee S. , Wharton R. S. , Cordes J. M. , Bower G. C. , Butler B. J. , Deller A. T. , Demorest P. , Lazio T. J. W. , Majid W. A. , Ransom S. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhased VLA observations of the Galactic center magnetar J1745-2900 over 8-12 GHz reveal rich single pulse behavior. The average profile is comprised of several distinct components and is fairly stable over day timescales and GHz frequencies. The average profile is dominated by the jitter of relatively narrow pulses. The pulses in each of the four profile components are uncorrelated in phase and amplitude, although the occurrence of pulse components 1 and 2 appear to be correlated. Using a collection of the brightest individual pulses, we verify that the index of the dispersion law is consistent with the expected cold plasma value of 2. The scattering time is weakly constrained, but consistent with previous measurements, while the dispersion measure DM = 1763+3−10 pc cm−3 is lower than previous measurements, which could be a result of time variability in the line-of-sight column density or changing pulse profile shape over time or frequency.
Pulsar science with data from the Large European Array for Pulsars
Authors: McKee James W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Large European Array for Pulsars (LEAP) is a European Pulsar Timing Array project that combines the Lovell, Effelsberg, Nançay, Sardinia, and Westerbork radio telescopes into a single tied-array, and makes monthly observations of a set of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). The overview of our experiment is presented in Bassa et al. (2016). Baseband data are recorded at a central frequency of 1396 MHz and a bandwidth of 128 MHz at each telescope, and are correlated offline on a cluster at Jodrell Bank Observatory using a purpose-built correlator, detailed in Smits et al. (2017). LEAP offers a substantial increase in sensitivity over that of the individual telescopes, and can operate in timing and imaging modes (notably in observations of the galactic centre radio magnetar; Wucknitz 2015). To date, 4 years of observations have been reduced. Here, we report on the scientific projects which have made use of LEAP data.
Exploiting simultaneous multi-frequency observations to probe polar-cap processes
Authors: Maan Yogesh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSub-pulse drifting has been regarded as one of the most insightful aspects of the pulsar radio emission. The phenomenon is generally explained with a system of emission sub-beams rotating around the magnetic axis, originating from a carousel of sparks near the pulsar surface (the carousel model). Since the observed radio emission at different frequencies is generated at different altitudes in the pulsar magnetosphere, corresponding sampling of the carousel on the polar cap differs slightly in magnetic latitude. When this aspect is considered, it is shown here that the carousel model predicts important observable effects in multi-frequency or wide-band observations. Also presented here are brief mentions of how this aspect can be exploited to probe the electrodynamics in the polar cap by estimating various physical quantities, and correctly interpret various carousel related phenomena, in addition to test the carousel model itself.
The Green Bank North Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey: Status and Future
Authors: Lynch Ryan S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ongoing Green Bank North Celestial Cap pulsar survey is using the Green Bank Telescope to search for pulsars and transients over 85% of the celestial sphere. The survey has resulted in over 150 new pulsars, among which are high-precision millisecond pulsars, several binary pulsars, including at least one relativistic double neutron star system, nulling pulsars, and several nearby millisecond pulsars. We find no fast radio bursts in the survey to date. We present these results and discuss the future prospects for the survey.
Targeted millisecond pulsar surveys of Fermi γ-ray sources with LOFAR
Authors: Bassa C. G. , Pleunis Z. , Hessels J. W. T. , Ferrara E. C. , Kondratiev V. I. , Sanidas S. , Lyne A. G. , Stappers B. W. , Ransom S. M. ,   the Fermi Pulsar Search Consortium
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe have used LOFAR to perform targeted millisecond pulsar surveys of Fermi γ-ray sources. Operating at a center frequency of 135 MHz, the surveys use a novel semi-coherent dedispersion approach where coherently dedispersed trials at coarsely separated dispersion measures are incoherently dedispersed at finer steps. Three millisecond pulsars have been discovered as part of these surveys. We describe the LOFAR surveys and the properties of the newly discovered pulsars.