bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of screening method for DNMT3A mutations by high‐resolution melting analysis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mizuta Shumpei , Yamane Noriko , Komai Takao , Koba Yusuke , Kawata Takahito , Ukyo Naoya , Tamekane Akira , Watanabe Mitsumasa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease associated with various genetic abnormalities. Somatic mutations in nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), fms‐related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), and DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) are the most frequent mutations associated with AML. However, because DNMT3A mutations are broadly distributed, they are challenging to analyze in routine laboratory tests. Hence, we developed a rapid screening method for DNMT3A mutations by high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis for clinical use at the point of AML diagnosis.MethodsThe detection limit for DNMT3A mutations from exons 8‐23 by an HRM analysis was investigated using plasmid mixtures. In 69 patients with AML, somatic mutations in NPM1, FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD), FLT3‐tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), DNMT3A, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 were screened using HRM analysis, and direct sequencing was performed for positive samples.ResultsHigh‐resolution melting analysis enabled complete mutation detection in samples with 20% mutant alleles in all regions. In a clinical laboratory test, DNMT3A mutations were detected in 12 cases (17.3%), and we identified five novel mutations. Simultaneous NPM1, FLT3‐ITD, and DNMT3A mutations constituted the most common pattern (30%) in de novo cytogenetically normal AML.ConclusionHigh‐resolution melting analysis has sufficient performance for the detection of DNMT3A mutations in AML. This approach can facilitate rapid AML genotyping at diagnosis in clinical settings.
Improvement in food environments may help prevent childhood obesity: Evidence from a 9‐year cohort study
Authors: Wang Youfa , Jia Peng , Cheng Xi , Xue Hong 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundEffects of food environments (FEs) on childhood obesity are mixed.ObjectivesTo examine the association of residential FEs with childhood obesity and variation of the association across gender and urbanicity.MethodsWe used the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort data, with 9440 kindergarteners followed up from 1998 to 2007. The Dun and Bradstreet commercial datasets in 1998 and 2007 were used to construct 12 FE measures of children, ie, changes in the food outlet mix and density of supermarkets, convenience stores, full‐service restaurants, fast‐food restaurants, retail bakery, dairy‐product stores, health/dietetic food stores, confectionery stores, fruit/vegetable markets, meat/fish markets, and beverage stores. Two‐level mixed‐effect and cluster robust logistic regression models were fitted to examine associations.ResultsDecreased exposures to full‐service restaurants, retail bakeries, fruit/vegetable markets, and beverage stores were generally obesogenic, while decreased exposure to dairy‐product stores was generally obesoprotective; the magnitude and statistical significance of these associations varied by gender and urbanicity of residence. Higher obesity risk was associated with increased exposure to full‐service restaurants among girls, and with decreased exposures to fruit/vegetable markets in urban children, to beverage stores in suburban children, and to health/dietetic food stores in rural children. Mixed findings existed between genders on the associations of fruit/vegetable markets with child weight status.ConclusionIn the United States, exposure to different FEs seemed to lead to different childhood obesity risks during 1998 to 2007; the association varied across gender and urbanicity. This study has important implications for future urban design and community‐based interventions in fighting the obesity epidemic.
The role of patient preferences in nursing decision‐making in evidence‐based practice: excellent nurses’ communication tools
Authors: Den Hertog Ria , Niessen Theo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo develop an understanding of how nurses take account of patient preferences in nursing decision‐making in evidence‐based practice to provide individual tailored nursing care.DesignQualitative grounded theory.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 nurses in four medium‐sized hospitals in the Netherlands. Furthermore, seven nurses were observed during their shift. Constant comparative analysis underpinned by Strauss and Corbin's framework was used.ResultsThree communication tools of nurses were identified to discern and attend to patient preferences: (a) a click‐making tool enables to build rapport instantly; (b) antennae monitor individual patient's needs; and (c) asking empathic questions to fine‐tune to individual patient preferences. Participants emphasized that giving individual attention enhances the patient's experienced quality of life.ConclusionsExcellent nurses in evidence‐based practice consciously spend time to discover patient preferences using the set of implicit and intuitive communication tools to attune their professional care. The use of these tools leads to individual tailored nursing care and appears to be part of the nurses’ practical wisdom. Further studies on how nurses balance patient preferences in nursing decision‐making in the evidence‐based practice are recommended.ImpactThe findings fill a gap in the literature on how nurses discover and balance all three aspects of the evidence‐based practice in their decision‐making: evidence derived from science, best practice, and patient preferences. Moreover, the use of this implicit knowledge in nursing deserves further research and attention in practice and education.
CircMTO1 inhibits liver fibrosis via regulation of miR‐17‐5p and Smad7
Authors: Wang Wei , Dong Ruiling , Guo Yong , He Jianan , Shao Chaopeng , Yi Pin , Yu Fujun , Gu Dayong , Zheng Jianjian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), often dysregulated in a variety of human diseases, participate in the initiation and development of cancers. Recently, circMTO1 (a circRNA derived from MTO1 gene), identified as a tumor suppressor, has been shown to contribute to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and roles of circMTO1 in liver fibrosis. Here, we found that serum circMTO1 was significantly down‐regulated in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Interestingly, serum circMTO1 was negatively correlated with fibrosis stages as well as HAI scores. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that serum circMTO1 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for liver fibrosis in CHB patients. Notably, overexpression of circMTO1 led to the suppression of transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase activity assays indicated that circMTO1 was a target of mircoRNA‐17‐5p (miR‐17‐5p). Data from RNA pull‐down assay further confirmed that circMTO1 interacted with miR‐17‐5p. The inhibitory effects of circMTO1 on HSC activation were suppressed by miR‐17‐5p mimics. Further studies showed that Smad7 was a target of miR‐17‐5p. Moreover, circMTO1‐inhibited HSC activation was also blocked down by loss of Smad7. Taken together, we demonstrate that circMTO1 inhibits liver fibrosis via regulation of miR‐17‐5p and Smad7, and serum circMTO1 may be a novel promising biomarker of liver fibrosis.
Mechanism of and factors associated with the loosening of the implant abutment screw: A review
Authors: Huang Yiqing , Wang Jiawei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile the loosening of the abutment screw is one of the most common complications in implant‐supported restorations, there is a lack of comprehensive literatures for mechanism of and factors associated with the loosening of the implant abutment screw. The review was to summarize the mechanism of and factors associated with the loosening of the implant abutment screw.OverviewA total of 99 relevant articles were included in the literature review. The mechanism of the abutment screw loosening was explained. The factors contributed to abutment screw loosening were divided into five aspects and then expounded respectively.ConclusionsThe internal connection and abutments with anti‐rotational and conical designs have better resistance to screw loosening. Cantilevers increase the risk of screw loosening. The effect of surface treatment of the abutment screw is unsure. Clinicians need to tighten the abutment screw to the recommended torque while avoiding repeated tightening and loosening, and increase the frequency of follow‐ups to retighten the loosened screws in time.Clinical SignificanceWhile the loosening of the abutment screw is one of the most common complications in implant‐supported restorations, there is a lack of comprehensive literatures for mechanism of and factors associated with the loosening of the implant abutment screw. The review was to summarize the mechanism of and factors associated with the loosening of the implant abutment screw, so that clinicians may make better choices in clinical practice.
Image correction for diffusion tensor imaging of Rhesus monkey thoracic spinal cord
Authors: Rao Jia‐Sheng , Liu Zuxiang , Zhao Can , Wei Rui‐Han , Liu Ruo‐Xi , Zhao Wen , Zhou Xia , Tian Peng‐Yu , Yang Zhao‐Yang , Li Xiao‐Guang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe relatively tiny spinal cord of non‐human primate (NHP) causes increased challenge in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) post‐processing. This study aimed to establish a reliable correction strategy applied to clinical DTI images of NHP.MethodsSix normal and partial spinal cord injury (SCI) rhesus monkeys underwent 3T MR scanning. A correction strategy combining multiple iterations and non‐rigid deformation was used for DTI image post‐processing. Quantitative evaluations were then conducted to investigate effects of distortion correction.ResultsAfter correction, longitudinal geometric distortion, global distortion, and residual distance errors were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Fractional anisotropy at the injured site was remarkably lower than that at the contralateral site (P = 0.0488) and was substantially lower than those at the adjacent superior (P = 0.0157) and inferior (P = 0.0128) areas at the same side.ConclusionsOur image correction strategy can improve the quality of the DTI images of NHP thoracic cords, contributing to the development of SCI preclinical research.
Foreclosure Contagion and the Neighborhood Spillover Effects of Mortgage Defaults
Authors: GUPTA ARPIT 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I identify shocks to interest rates resulting from two administrative details in adjustable‐rate mortgage contract terms: the choice of financial index and the choice of lookback period. I find that a 1 percentage point increase in interest rate at the time of adjustable‐rate mortgage (ARM) reset results in a 2.5 percentage increase in the probability of foreclosure in the following year, and that each foreclosure filing leads to an additional 0.3 to 0.6 completed foreclosures within a 0.10‐mile radius. In explaining this result, I emphasize price effects, bank‐supply responses, and borrower responses arising from peer effects.
Inequality, Justice, and the Myth of Unsituated Market Exchange
Authors: Hicks Douglas A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article examines inequality from a framework of justice that attends to the socially situated nature of market activity, including exchange. I argue that accounts of unsituated exchange—accounts of market exchange that abstract from social situations, such as philosopher Robert Nozick’s influential libertarian account of justice—overlook various factors that contribute to growing economic inequality in contemporary society. Analyses of market exchange must incorporate the role of “third parties” who play a role in shaping and/or who are affected by economic transactions. The involvement of these additional parties, including the government and future generations, is not interference but, instead, an integral part of the economic and moral accounting of exchange. An approach to justice and inequality which embeds exchange within multiple dimensions of economy and society is needed; the latter part of this article traces such a socially situated approach.
The effect of astragaloside IV on JAK2‐STAT6 signalling pathway in mouse model of ovalbumin‐induced asthma
Authors: Yang Xinfu , Wang Feida 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease of the airway; the incidence and prevalence of asthma remain high worldwide. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) is the main active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus. Accumulating evidence suggests that AS‐IV possesses anti‐inflammatory and anti‐asthmatic ability, but the potential molecular mechanism is required to further clarify. In this study, the anti‐asthmatic effects of AS‐IV on mice with ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergic inflammation were analysed. We analysed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), numbers of inflammatory cells, inflammation situation in lung tissue and cytokines level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) between OVA‐induced mice with and without AS‐IV treatment. Moreover, we explored the possible signalling pathway behind the anti‐asthmatic effects. Our results revealed that AS‐IV treatment ameliorates airway inflammation and AHR in an OVA‐induced asthma model. Besides, AS‐IV treatment inhibits the interleukin (IL)‐4, ‐5 and ‐13 production, and further study indicated that AS‐IV treatment downregulates the expression level of p‐JAK2/p‐STAT6 proteins. Taken together, the present study suggested that the inhibitory effects of AS‐IV on asthma therapy are at least partially involved in inhibiting the JAK2/STAT6 signalling pathway.
Salt marsh migration into salinized agricultural fields: A novel assembly of plant communities
Authors: Gedan Keryn B. , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsSea level rise and saltwater intrusion are changing low‐lying coastal landscapes, converting agricultural land and other upland habitats to tidal marsh. Abandoned, saline agricultural fields are affected by a unique combination of environmental filters, those traditionally found in tidal marsh — salinity and flooding — alongside those of cultivated lands — high nutrient availability and a history of disturbance. We asked how species composition and functional trait composition in saline fields compares to those in traditional old fields and natural ecotones, and whether trends in succession can be detected in saline fields during the first years post‐abandonment.LocationChesapeake Bay (Mid‐Atlantic, USA).MethodsWe surveyed plant communities assembling in saline fields and compared taxonomic and functional trait diversity to those in old‐field and marsh–forest ecotone communities. We also assessed changes in the saline fields after two and three years of abandonment to detect the direction of succession.ResultsSaline fields occupied an intermediate taxonomic and trait space between old fields and marsh ecotones. From old fields to saline fields to marsh, communities were less weedy, and more wetland, native, and perennial. Specific leaf area decreased across this transition, in concordance with expected changes in response to salinity. Over time, saline fields became less graminoid and less weedy, and more native, wetland, and woody.ConclusionsWe conclude that marsh migration into abandoned farmland is producing a novel assembly of plant communities. Intermediate functional traits in the saline fields reflect the novel environmental filters imposed by saltwater intrusion and the cultivation legacy. These patterns suggest that abandoned, saline agricultural fields may develop somewhat differently than natural marsh boundaries, with more shrub dominance and greater resilience to Phragmites australis invasion. Importantly, these results suggest that saline fields will provide a facilitating route for marsh migration.
De‐indexed estimated glomerular filtration rates: A simple step towards improving accuracy of drug dosing of renally excreted medications in moderate to severe obesity
Authors: Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Thibodeau Stephane , Parmar Malvinder S 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTKidney function is underestimated in obese individuals when standard equations are applied. Laboratory‐reported estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) report glomerular filtration rates corrected for body surface area in mL/min per 1.73 m2 using modification of diet in renal disease or the chronic kidney disease‐Epidemiology Collaboration equations. This may result in premature discontinuation or reduction in dosage of renally excreted medications. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines defining thresholds beyond which physicians should consider de‐indexing patient eGFR values. We compared standard and de‐indexed eGFR values for 281 consecutive patients seen in our chronic kidney disease clinic. In our study, half of the patients with a body mass index above 35 had clinically significant changes in their eGFR, with an improvement in chronic kidney disease stage, when eGFR was de‐indexed. We propose that eGFR de‐indexing should be considered in patients with moderate to severe obesity when calculating the dose, especially for medications that are excreted by the kidneys.
Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jung Jenny , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Swe Khin Thet , Islam Md. Rashedul , Rahman Md. Obaidur , Akter Shamima 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMaternal anemia affects approximately 56 million women worldwide and increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study aimed to summarize the evidence for the association between maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and maternal or infant outcomes, evaluating it in a continuous manner. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we conducted an electronic search on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to April 19, 2017, and further updated to November 21, 2018, applying subject heading terms related to pregnant women with anemia. We included 117 studies with 4,127,430 pregnancies. Maternal anemia increased the risk of low birth weight (odds ratio (OR), 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45−1.87), preterm birth (PTB) (OR, 2.11; 95% CI: 1.76–2.53), perinatal mortality (PNM) (OR, 3.01; 95% CI: 1.92−4.73), stillbirth (OR, 1.95; 95% CI: 1.15−3.31), and maternal mortality (OR, 3.20; 95% CI: 1.16−8.85). A nonlinear relationship was found between maternal Hb and adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The OR of outcomes such as PTB, small‐for‐gestational age, PNM, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and postpartum hemorrhage was increased by two to three times. Assessing Hb as a continuous variable is important to determine the associated risk of adverse outcomes with decreasing or increasing levels.
Evaluation of immunohematology knowledge in hematology trainees
Authors: Yan Matthew T.S. , Arsenault Valerie , Pendergrast Jacob 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDCanadian hematology trainees are expected to attain clinical knowledge in the subject of red blood cell and platelet antigen systems and the principles of transfusion medicine. However, the relative degree of expertise required in blood bank serology is not well defined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA modified Delphi approach involving 10 Canadian hematology program directors was utilized to identify 12 relevant topics in immunohematology. A multiple‐choice exam was developed and validated among hematology trainees from 13 hematology training programs across Canada. A Rasch analysis was used to determine fit of the examination before deploying the exam the following year to ascertain the level of knowledge in hematology trainees.RESULTSThe exam was piloted with 62 hematology trainees. The reliability of the exam was 0.93 with a mean item fit score of 1.01. The exam was able to discriminate between training years and self‐rated expertise with better performance attained by more advanced trainees (p < 0.01). No differences were seen between geographic regions. A modified version of the exam was deployed the following year to 85 trainees, with a mean score of 58.9% ± 15.3%. Trainees scored poorest on topics concerning antibody investigations and D variants.CONCLUSIONA standardized exam for assessing hematology trainees on their expected expertise in transfusion immunohematology has been developed and can be used to assess the efficacy of educational resources provided in the subject. Trainees had a low overall mean score indicating additional educational initiatives are warranted.
Oncofertility to Evidence‐Based Practice: Changes in Fertility Intention and Symptom Burden in Reproductive‐Age Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Miauh , Tseng Ling‐Ming , Lai Jerry Cheng‐Yen , Lien Pei‐Ju , Chen Ping‐Ho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfertility is negatively related to the quality of life in reproductive‐age women with breast cancer. The nurses who care for these patients lack a comprehensive understanding of the changes in fertility intention that patients undergo from the time of cancer diagnosis, throughout treatment, and after treatment. A fertility intention assessment is the first step in discerning the patient's ideas toward future pregnancy.AimsThis study examined the changes in fertility intention and symptom burden in reproductive‐age women with breast cancer before, during, and after treatment. We also explored predictors of fertility intention among the women.MethodsThe study was guided by the theory of planned behavior. A longitudinal and observational study was conducted with 151 women with breast cancer who were treated at a teaching hospital in Taipei. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire before, during, and after chemotherapy from July 2016 to March 2018. Fertility intention was assessed using the Fertility Intention Scale. The M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Taiwanese version was used to measure the symptom burden. The generalized linear mixed model was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsPatients had significantly lower scores for fertility intention after treatment than before treatment. The study patients had substantially worse symptom burden during treatment than before or after treatment. Symptom burden scores, especially for symptom interference, correlated significantly with fertility intention. A higher Fertility Intention Scale score was significantly associated with younger age.Linking Evidence to ActionFertility intention decreased over time in women with breast cancer. Understanding fertility intention and controlling symptom burden throughout the course of treatment and beyond might help nurses provide better care for preserving fertility and maintaining fertility options for these women with breast cancer.