bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational study on the influence of averaging time on oximetry results in infants and children
Authors: Vagedes Jan , Dietz Klaus , Poets Christian F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimOximetry values are influenced by the averaging time (AT) used. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different ATs on number, duration, mean single event and total integral of desaturations in preterm infants and children to convert between parameters obtained with different ATs.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, 49 children underwent sleep laboratory‐based polysomnography and 15 preterm infants were studied in the intensive care unit. Their raw red‐to‐infrared‐saturation‐data were reprocessed using seven different ATs (3–16 seconds). Desaturation thresholds were <80% (infants) and <90% (children), conversion formulas and their median percentage errors were calculated.ResultsWe found a linear relationship between the logarithms of the ATs and those of the desaturation parameters, leading to a conversion formula with different exponents. Based on this relationship, the number of desaturations decreased from AT = 3s to AT = 16s by factor 0.28 (children) and 0.18 (infants); total oxygen saturation integral decreased by factor 0.72 (children) and 0.48 (infants). The desaturation duration increased by factor 1.89 (children) and 3.34 (infants).ConclusionThe number and total integral decreased, but the duration and mean single event integral increased with increasing AT. These changes were stronger in infants. Conversion formulas may facilitate comparisons between studies using different averaging times.
Gender status effect on carcass and meat quality traits of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle
Authors: Mueller Lenise Freitas , Balieiro Júlio César Carvalho , Ferrinho Adrielle Matias , Martins Taiane da Silva , da Silva Corte Rosana Ruegger Pereira , de Amorim Tamyres Rodrigues , de Jesus Mangini Furlan Joyce , Baldi Fernando , Pereira Angélica Simone Cravo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study evaluated the effect of gender status on carcass and meat quality of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. A total of 176 cattle, 20 months old, were confined for 190‐days and assigned to four treatments: bulls, immunocastrated, steers, and heifers. Bulls had greater rib eye area and HCW (p = 0.0001). Heifers had increased fat thickness (p = 0.0001). Steers and heifers had higher marbling scores (p = 0.0001). There was interaction between gender and aging time for Warner‐Bratzler Shear Force (p = 0.0002), L* (p = 0.0118), and b* (p = 0.0113) values of beef. The sensory panel results showed that beef from bulls had the lowest consumer overall acceptance (p = 0.0278). Especially, regardless tenderness, steers and immunocastrated beef were considered tender, independent of aging time. Beef produced by heifers, steers, and immunocastrated is considered to be of higher quality than bulls. Thus, it is may be an interesting alternative to produce high‐quality beef than bulls, to attend the consumer demand for high‐quality products. Additionally, the low fatty acids n6 levels and low n6:n3 ratio, high levels of CLA, MUFAs, and oleic acid suggests that the heifer meat is favorable for human health.
Upslope‐climbing shelf‐edge clinoforms and the stepwise evolution of the northern European glaciation (lower Pleistocene Eridanos Delta system, U.K. North Sea): When sediment supply overwhelms accommodation
Authors: Patruno Stefano , Scisciani Vittorio , Helland‐Hansen William , D'Intino Nico , Reid William , Pellegrini Claudio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClinoforms are basinward‐dipping and accreting palaeo‐bathymetric profiles that record palaeo‐environmental conditions and processes; thus, clinothems represent natural palaeo‐archives. Here, we document shelf‐edge scale clinoform sets which prograded through the entire width of an epicontinental marine basin (ca. 400 km), eventually encroaching onto the opposite basin flank, where they started to prograde upslope and landward, in defiance of gravity (“upslope‐climbing clinoforms”). The giant westward‐prograding Eridanos muddy shelf‐edge clinothem originated from the Baltic hinterland in the Oligocene and achieved maximum regression in the Early Pleistocene, on the UK Central Graben (CG) and Mid North Sea High (MNSH), after crossing the whole North Sea mesopelagic depocentre and causing near complete basin infill. Here we integrate well and seismic data through the MNSH and CG and examine the Eridanos final heyday and demise, identifying five clinothem complexes (A1, A2, A3, B and C) and six depositional sequence boundaries (SB1 to SB6) in the Miocene‐Recent section. Tectonic and climatic events drove the recent evolution of this system. Early Pleistocene climate cooling, in particular, resulted in a stepwise increase in sediment supply. This climaxed in the earliest Calabrian, following a likely Eburonian eustatic fall (=SB3) when the Eridanos clastic wedge was restructured from a 100–300 m thick compound shelf‐edge and delta system to a “hybrid” shelf‐edge delta at sequence boundary SB3 (ca. 1.75 Ma). In the ca. 40 kyr that followed SB3, a progradation rate peak (>1,000 m/kyr) is associated with clinoforms starting to accrete upslope, onto the east‐dipping slope between CG and MNSH. This “upslope‐climbing clinoform” phase was quickly followed by the maximum regression and final retreat of the Eridanos system in the Early Calabrian (=SB4), likely as the result of climate‐driven changes in the Baltic hinterland and/or delta auto‐retreat. To our knowledge, this contributions represents the first documentation of “upslope‐climbing clinoforms” recorded in the stratigraphic record.
Can plant‐derived phytochemicals provide symptom relief for hair loss? A critical review
Authors: Daniels G. , Akram S. , Westgate G. E. , Tamburic S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is known that hair growth disorders and hair loss can cause personal distress and affect well‐being. Whilst clinical conditions remain a target for medical research, current research on hair follicle biology and hair growth control mechanisms also provides opportunities for a range of non‐medical and cosmetic interventions that have a modulating effect on the scalp and follicle function. Furthermore, an improvement of the hair fibre characteristics (cuticle structure, cortex size and integrity) could add to the overall positive visual effect of the hair array. Since phytochemicals are a popular choice because of their traditional appeal, this review provides a critical evaluation of the available evidence of their activity for hair benefit, excluding data obtained from animal tests, and offers recommendations on improving study validity and the robustness of data collection in pre‐clinical and clinical studies.
Cutaneous manifestations in chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with imatinib
Authors: Khokar Abbas , Malik Uzma , Butt Ghazala , Naumeri Fatima 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to see the patterns of skin changes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase treated with different doses of imatinib.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Oncology Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 6 months. Patients aged 7–70 years diagnosed either by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for BCR‐ABL or cytogenetics for Philadelphia (Ph) chromosomes and consuming different doses of imatinib for the treatment of CML were randomly selected. Skin manifestations were analyzed and recorded on a predesigned proforma by a dermatologist.ResultsA total of 132 patients were enrolled; 65 male (49.24%) and 67 female (50.75%). Periorbital edema was found in 48.5% of cases, and hyperpigmentaion and melasma were found in 76.5% of cases. Pruritus was diagnosed in 6.8% of cases, alopecia in 5.3% of cases, and photosensitivity in 43.9% of cases.ConclusionsIt was concluded that imatinib is associated with many adverse cutaneous side effects which should be overcome or reduced by either decreasing the duration of treatment with imatinib or switching to other treatment options.
Impact of deep oropharyngeal suctioning on microaspiration, ventilator events, and clinical outcomes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sole Mary Lou , Talbert Steven , Yan Xin , Penoyer Daleen , Mehta Devendra , Bennett Melody , Emery Kimberly Paige , Middleton Aurea , Deaton Lara , Abomoelak Bassam , Deb Chirajyoti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate a deep oropharyngeal suction intervention (NO‐ASPIRATE) in intubated patients on microaspiration, ventilator‐associated events and clinical outcomes.DesignProspective, two‐group, single‐blind, randomized clinical trial.MethodsThe study was conducted between 2014 ‐ 2017 in 513 participants enroled within 24 hr of intubation and randomized into NO‐ASPIRATE or usual care groups. Standard oral care was provided to all participants every 4 hr and deep oropharyngeal suctioning was added to the NO‐ASPIRATE group. Oral and tracheal specimens were obtained to quantify α‐amylase as an aspiration biomarker.ResultsData were analysed for 410 study completers enrolled at least 36 hr: NO‐ASPIRATE (N = 206) and usual care (N = 204). Percent of tracheal specimens positive for α‐amylase, mean tracheal α‐amylase levels over time and ventilator‐associated events were not different between groups. The NO‐ASPIRATE group had a shorter hospital length of stay and a subgroup with moderate aspiration at baseline had significantly lower α‐amylase levels across time.ConclusionHospital length of stay was shorter in the NO‐ASPIRATE group and a subgroup of intervention participants had lower α‐amylase across time. Delivery of standardized oral care to all participants may have been an intervention itself and possibly associated with the lack of significant findings for most outcomes.ImpactThis trial compared usual care to oral care with a deep suctioning intervention on microaspiration and ventilator‐associated events, as this has not been systematically studied. Further research on the usefulness of α‐amylase as an aspiration biomarker and the role of oral suctioning, especially for certain populations, is indicated.Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02284178.
Non‐coding RNA involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Weiting , Feng Yu , Zhou Xiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing rapidly, which seriously endangers human health. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, an important cardiovascular complication of diabetes, is characterized by myocardial fibrosis, ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. It has been documented that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, apoptosis, diabetic microangiopathy and myocardial fibrosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. With the development of molecular biology technology, accumulating evidence demonstrates that non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critically involved in the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarize the pathological roles of three types of ncRNAs (microRNA, long ncRNA and circular RNA) in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Regional Integration Support: A Positive Externality toward Migration Attitudes
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias , Bove Vincenzo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPublic opinion in favor of regional unification is usually seen as key for successfully implementing such integration projects. We argue that, as a positive externality, it can also foster support for migration. Focusing on the case of Europe, we use in‐group and out‐group dynamics as a starting point and claim that citizens who are more supportive of EU unification tend to have dual‐identity and more cosmopolitan attitudes, which is linked to more support for migration from outside the region. We employ hierarchical models using all existing rounds of the European Social Survey and complement this with a panel‐data analysis based on the German Longitudinal Election Data to exploit the individual‐level evolution of attitudes over time. The empirical findings strongly support the theoretical expectations, and they shed new light on our understanding of how public attitudes toward migration are formed.
Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence
Authors: Mulder Tessa A. , Kocevska Desana , Muetzel Ryan L. , Koopman‐Verhoeff Maria Elisabeth , Hillegers Manon H. , White Tonya , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence.MethodsChildren from the population‐based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5–5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole‐brain and tract‐specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure.ResultsChildhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1‐SD sleep problems). In repeated‐measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1‐SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (−0.12 SD, 95% CI:‐0.20;‐0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (−0.12 SD, 95% CI:−0.19;−0.05), and the forceps major (‐0.11 SD, 95% CI:−0.18;−0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially.ConclusionsChildhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment.
Simethicone use during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Position statement of the Gastroenterological Society of Australia
Authors: Devereaux Benedict M , Taylor Andrew C F , Athan Eugene , Wallis David J , Brown Robyn R , Greig Sue M , Bailey Fiona K , Vickery Karen , Wardle Elizabeth , Jones Dianne M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConcern has been raised regarding the use of simethicone, a de‐foaming agent, during endoscopic procedures. Following reports of simethicone residue in endoscope channels despite high level disinfection, an endoscope manufacturer recommended that it not be used due to concerns of biofilm formation and a possible increased risk of microorganism transmission. However, a detailed mucosal assessment is essential in performing high‐standard endoscopic procedures. This is impaired by bubbles within the gastrointestinal lumen. The Gastroenterological Society of Australia's Infection Control in Endoscopy Guidelines (ICEG) Committee conducted a literature search utilizing the MEDLINE database. Further references were sourced from published paper bibliographies. Following a review of the available evidence, and drawing on extensive clinical experience, the multidisciplinary ICEG committee considered the risks and benefits of simethicone use in formulating four recommendations. Published reports have documented residual liquid or crystalline simethicone in endoscope channels after high level disinfection. There are no data confirming that simethicone can be cleared from channels by brushing. Multiple series report benefits of simethicone use during gastroscopy and colonoscopy in improving mucosal assessment, adenoma detection rate, and reducing procedure time. There are no published reports of adverse events related specifically to the use of simethicone, delivered either orally or via any endoscope channel. An assessment of the risks and benefits supports the continued use of simethicone during endoscopic procedures. Strict adherence to instrument reprocessing protocols is essential.
Association Between Postextubation Dysphagia and Long‐Term Mortality Among Critically Ill Older Adults
Authors: Regala Mark , Marvin Stevie , Ehlenbach William J. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDDysphagia following extubation is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Diagnosing postextubation dysphagia allows identification of patients who are at highest risk for aspiration and its associated adverse outcomes. Older adults are at an increased risk of postextubation dysphagia and its complications due to multiple comorbidities, a higher baseline risk of dysphagia, and increased risk of pneumonia.OBJECTIVESWe aimed to investigate the association between postextubation dysphagia and 1‐year mortality in older patients. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital lengths of stay, ICU readmission, and place of discharge.METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study from January 1 to December 31, 2013. ICU patients, aged 65 years and older, who were successfully extubated and underwent a formal swallow evaluation by a speech and language pathologist (SLP) were included. Dysphagia was graded using a seven‐point scale, and those with at least mild‐moderate dysphagia were labeled as having clinically significant dysphagia.RESULTSOf 1075 patients who were screened, 359 were survivors, aged 65 years and older; and of these survivors, 111 had a swallow evaluation performed by an SLP after liberation from mechanical ventilation. Mean age was 73.8 years (SD = 7.0 years), and 41.4% had clinically significant dysphagia. In a multivariable regression model, there was no significant association between dysphagia and 1‐year mortality. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in ICU or hospital length of stay, ICU readmission, or place of discharge of those with clinically significant dysphagia compared to those without.CONCLUSIONSAmong mechanically ventilated ICU patients, aged 65 years and older, who underwent a swallow evaluation following extubation, dysphagia was not associated with mortality, ICU and hospital lengths of stay, ICU readmission, and place of discharge. Given conflicting evidence in the literature, larger prospective studies are needed to clarify whether postextubation dysphagia is associated with worse outcomes in older patients admitted to the ICU. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1895–1901, 2019
Impact of the odors of vanilla extract and breast milk on the frequency of apnea in preterm neonates
Authors: Kanbur Bahar Nur , Balci Serap 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe developed this study using an experimental design to determine the impact of the odors of vanilla extract and breast milk on apnea frequency in preterm neonates.Materials and methodsWe obtained the study data from 42 preterm neonates (16 vanilla, 13 breast milk, 13 control group) who had been admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Istanbul University meeting the case selection criteria. All groups were monitored on the first day without any intervention. On the second and third days, breast milk was placed in the incubators of the babies in the breast milk group and the sterile gauze that was vanilla‐impregnated was placed in the incubators of the babies in the vanilla group. On the fourth day, the babies were watched without any interference.ResultsOn the second, third and fourth days of the study, we determined that apnea frequency in the vanilla group neonates was significantly lower (P < .00) as compared to the breast milk and control groups.ConclusionUsing vanilla extract in neonates suffering from apnea to reduce its frequency is an effective method.
Environmental factors affecting self‐management of chronic hepatitis B from the patients’ perspective
Authors: Lin Wan‐Shiuan , Lee Ting‐Ting , Yang Yuan‐Hao , Mills Mary Etta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore factors affecting self‐management experiences of patients with chronic hepatitis B within their social and cultural environments.BackgroundMany cases of hepatitis B are not detected until they are in end‐stage liver disease. Despite an increasing trend of indicating a lack of health awareness as the reason, studies have rarely referred to the personal, social and cultural environmental constraints from patients' perspectives.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsForty‐seven adults diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B were interviewed in a private area of a hospital clinic in Taiwan in 2018. Four open‐ended questions relating to care self‐management included the following: disease detection; disease control; preventive care; and perceptions of screening and follow‐ups. Data were examined using content analysis. This study also adhered to the consolidated COREQ guidelines.ResultsFive main themes emerged: personal experiences, awareness of occupational health, the availability of conventional treatment, cultural beliefs about health care and family roles. Findings of note were that some participants became aware that they had never known the difference between follow‐up for hepatitis B and regular adult/labourer health checks due to a lack of information within their living environment. Many participants added alternative treatments to their self‐management strategies and others frequently ignored follow‐up appointments because of different cultural health beliefs.ConclusionsPatients’ disease self‐management perceptions are driven by dynamic influences suggesting that development of policies integrating personal, family, social and cultural environmental factors could enhance individual screening and subsequent health behaviours of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Relevance to practiceAdding person‐centred case management of hepatitis B could enhance patients’ adherence to follow‐up. Attention should be given to increasing provider awareness of the influence of their own attitude and communication on patients’ participation in self‐management.