bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning surface‐cross‐linking of molecularly imprinted cross‐linked micelles for molecular recognition in water
Authors: Zhang Shize , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolecular recognition in water is an important challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Surface‐core double cross‐linking of template‐containing surfactant micelles by the click reaction and free radical polymerization yields molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MINPs) with guest‐complementary binding sites. An important property of MINP‐based receptors is the surface‐cross‐linking between the propargyl groups of the surfactants and a diazide cross‐linker. Decreasing the number of carbons in between the two azides enhanced the binding affinity of the MINPs, possibly by keeping the imprinted binding site more open prior to the guest binding. The depth of the binding pocket can be controlled by the distribution of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups of the template and was found to influence the binding in addition to electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged MINPs and guests. Cross‐linkers with an alkoxyamine group enabled two‐stage double surface‐cross‐linking that strengthened the binding constants by an order of magnitude, possibly by expanding the binding pocket of the MINP into the polar region. The binding selectivity among very similar isomeric structures also improved.
Increasing pace mapping properties in parahissian premature ventricular contraction. Novel insight from HD grid multipolar catheter
Authors: Cauti Filippo Maria , Rossi Pietro , Allegretti Greta , Iaia Luigi , Bianchi Stefano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 23‐year‐old athlete with symptomatic low burden premature ventricular contraction (PVC) with left bundle branch block morphology and inferior axis morphology was sent to our department for RV mapping and PVC ablation. Exit zone of the PVC was easily and clearly defined by the bipoles A3‐A4 achieving optimal and detailed pacemapping (Panels A‐C) near the His bundle (yellow dots). The spatial conformation and the smooth shape of the catheter would definitely help everyday procedures in the setting of low burden PVC/noninducible focal ventricular arrhythmia, especially when the focus is located very close to the conductive tissue.
Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of oligochitosan on the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Sui Yuan , Ma Zengxin , Meng Xianghong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea infects a broad range of horticultural plants worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. A derivative of chitosan, oligochitosan, has been reported to be an eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides.RESULTSOligochitosan can greatly inhibit B. cinerea spore germination and induce protein carbonylation. To further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect, a comparative proteome analysis was conducted of oligochitosan‐treated versus non‐treated B. cinerea spores. The cellular proteins were obtained from B. cinerea spore samples and subjected to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 21 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Three DEPs were up‐regulated in the oligochitosan‐treated versus the untreated spores, including scytalone dehydratase and a serine carboxypeptidase III precursor. By contrast, seven DEPs, including Hsp 88 and cell division cycle protein 48, were down‐regulated by oligochitosan treatment. Notably, 10 DEPs, including phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme and ATP‐dependent molecular chaperone HSC82, were only detected in the control spores, whereas one DEP, a non‐annotated predicted protein, was only detected in the oligochitosan‐treated spores.CONCLUSIONOligochitosan may affect the spore germination of B. cinerea by impairing protein function. These findings have practical implications with respect to the use of oligochitosan for controlling fungal pathogens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Combination Intumescent and Kaolin‐Filled Multilayer Nanocoatings that Reduce Polyurethane Flammability
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Qin Shuang , Li Hongfei , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChitosan (CH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), CH and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐stabilized kaolin (KAO) clay are deposited as quadlayers onto the surface of flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) via layer‐by‐layer assembly in order to improve the fire resistance of the foam. The effectiveness of this nanocoating on flame suppression is compared to control films without KAO and bilayer coatings. PUF coated with only five CH/APP/CH/PAA‐KAO quadlayers (around 184 nm thick) maintains its open porous structure and self‐extinguishes upon exposure to a butane torch flame for 10 s. Cone calorimetry reveals that this coating reduces the peak heat release rate and total smoke release by 66.8% and 59.3%, respectively, compared with uncoated foam. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen indicates the combination of intumescent components and clay promotes char formation and improves the thermal stability of the polyurethane substrate. This multilayer coating has the potential to improve the fire safety for PUF, commonly used in home furnishings, and a variety of other polymeric substrates.
On weighted inductive limits of spaces of ultradifferentiable functions and their duals
Authors: Debrouwere Andreas , Vindas Jasson 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the first part of this paper we discuss the completeness of two general classes of weighted inductive limits of spaces of ultradifferentiable functions. In the second part we study their duals and characterize these spaces in terms of the growth of convolution averages of their elements. This characterization gives a canonical way to define a locally convex topology on these spaces and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be ultrabornological. In particular, our results apply to spaces of convolutors for Gelfand–Shilov spaces.
Self‐Organization and Charge Transport Properties of Selenium and Tellurium Analogues of Polythiophene
Authors: Ye Shuyang , Janasz Lukasz , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Manion Joseph G. , Mondal Anirban , Marszalek Tomasz , Andrienko Denis , Müllen Klaus , Pisula Wojciech , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of conjugated polymers comprising polythiophene, polyselenophene, and polytellurophene with branched 3,7‐dimethyloctyl side chains, well‐matched molecular weight, dispersity, and regioregularity is synthesized. The ionization potential is found to vary from 5.14 to 5.32 eV, with polytellurophene having the lowest potential. Field‐effect transistors based on these materials exhibit distinct hole transport mobility that varies by nearly three orders of magnitude, with polytellurophene having the highest mobility (2.5 × 10−2 cm² V−1 s−1). The large difference in mobility demonstrates the significant impact of heteroatom substitution. Although the series of polymers are very similar in structure, their solid‐state properties are different. While the thin film microstructure of polythiophene and polyselenophene is identical, polytellurophene reveals globular features in the film topography. Polytellurophenes also appear to be the least crystalline, even though their charge transport properties are superior to other samples. The torsional barrier and degree of planarity between repeat units increase as one moves down group‐16 elements. These studies show how a single atom in a polymer chain can have a substantial influence on the bulk properties of a material, and that heavy group‐16 atoms have a positive influence on charge transport properties when all other variables are kept unchanged.
Are solvent effects important for intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonding interactions?
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Shao Linjun , Yan Peng , Liu Chunli , Liu Xuejing , Zhang Xian M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOxygen atoms are located at the center of the symmetrical rectangles formed by fourortho t‐butyl carbon‐hydrogen (C—H) bonds for the conformational inflexible 2,6‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐substituted phenoxide anions, in which the nonbonded O···H and O···C distances are all significantly shorter than sums of the related van der Waals' radii. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis reveal that the oxygen atom can form four equivalent intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonds (approximately 3.0 kcal/mol) regardless of size and polarity of the para‐substituents, implying that each phenoxide anion is stabilized by approximately 12 kcal/mol C—H···O−hydrogen bonding interaction. The C—H···O−hydrogen bonding stabilizations are strongly supported by acidity augmentation of approximately 1.6 pKunits (approximately 40 times) for introduction of two bulkyt‐butyl groups into theorthopositions of 4‐substituted phenols (G = H, Me,t‐Bu, MeO, and NO2) in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Furthermore, solvents with largely varying polarity show negligible effects on the intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonding strengths.
Tomato tolerance and pest control following fumigation with different ratios of dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin
Authors: Yu Jialin , Land Caroline J , Vallad Gary E , Boyd Nathan S 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe phaseout of methyl bromide (MeBr) continues to stimulate research into the use of other soil fumigants for controlling soil‐borne diseases and weeds. This research evaluated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tolerance, weed emergence and the recovery of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum following fumigation with various combination ratios of dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS + Pic).ResultsOn its own, DMDS did not effectively control purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) compared with DMDS + Pic. Control of C. rotundus and fusarium wilt increased with Pic based on weed emergence throughout the growing season and FOL inoculum recovery from soil. In all three growing seasons, 159 kg ha−1 DMDS + 379 kg ha−1 Pic provided season‐long control of C. rotundus.ConclusionThis research confirms that formulating DMDS + Pic containing a high percentage of Pic offers an effective alternative to MeBr for tomato production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Zum Entwerfen von gewichtsarmen Kräftepfaden
Authors: Wilhelm Viktor , Brixner Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Themenfeld des „elementierten Stukturleichtbaus” – hauptsächlich unter Verwendung von offenen Stahlprofilen in Kombination mit Spannbetondeckenelementen (weiterführende Überlegungen ersetzen aber auch noch diese, bspw. durch Brettstapeldecken).Ein weiteres Detailmerkmal besteht darin, dass innerhalb der Struktur entstehende Kräfte nicht „gebündelt” werden, um sie wenig später vor der Einleitung in den Baugrund wieder zu verteilen, sondern ähnlich dem Prinzip einer Rennradfelge mit sehr vielen, aber äußerst schlanken Speichen die Lasten dort abzutragen, wo sie entstehen.So kann es bspw. gelingen, dass die vertikalen Tragelemente des sog. „Primärtragwerkes” den Strukturabmessungen von Fassadenprofilen sehr stark nahe kommen – bis zu dem Punkt, diese zu ersetzen. Die Fassade erhält somit gar kein eigenes Tragsystem, sondern wird nur mittels „Aufsatzprofilen” integriert.Das gewählte System zeichnet sich weiterhin auch dadurch aus, dass es gleichzeitig die endgültige Element‐/Oberfläche des „Endausbaus” bildet. Es wird nicht verkleidet.Bestimmte Voraussetzungen müssen hierfür stets erfüllt werden – der konzeptionelle Brandschutz muss eine F0‐ oder zumindest nur eine F30‐Konstruktion zulassen, das Aussteifungskonzept sollte weitestgehend ohne Einspannungen auskommen sowie der weitere technische und baukonstruktive Gebäudeausbau sollte diese „strukturelle Direktheit” aufgreifen. Auch der Schallschutz muss auf diese Art des Leichtbaus reagieren – so würden die verwendeten Betonfertigteildecken z. B. nur einer vergleichsweise 11 cm starken massiven Ortbetondeckenplatte entsprechen. Diese geringe Eigenlast ist aber wiederum Voraussetzung für die äußerst filigrane weiterführende lastabtragende Konstruktion.
Sichtbar wird hierbei der unabdingbare Zusammenhang zwischen konstruktiv bedingter „Eigenlast” und der gewählten zugehörigen lastabtragenden Struktur.
Moment‐resisting joints in high‐strength steel: areas for improvement in design standards
Authors: Coelho Ana M. Girão , Bijlaard Frans 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonEuropean standard EN 1993 does not permit the design of joints made from steel with a yield stress > 460 MPa using the principles of semi‐continuous/partially restrained construction, and will remain forbidden in its current revision within the scope of the CEN/2014‐02 programme for the evolution of the structural Eurocodes. The findings of a comprehensive research programme on the non‐linear behaviour of moment‐resisting joints with components made from high‐strength steel grades (yield stresses of 690 and 960 MPa) carried out at Delft University of Technology are summarized in this paper and used to reappraise these restrictions.
Re-using questions in classroom-based assessment: An exploratory study at the undergraduate medical education level
Authors: Joncas Sébastien Xavier , St-Onge Christina , Bourque Sylvie , Farand Paul 
Published: November 2018

Introduction To alleviate some of the burden associated with the development of novel quality questions on a regular basis, medical education programs may favour the use of item banks. This practice answers the real pragmatic need of having to create exams de novo at each administration while benefiting from using psychometrically sound questions to assess students. Unfortunately, programs cannot prevent trainees from engaging in cheating behaviours such as content sharing, and little is known about the impact of re-using items.
Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study to assess the effect of repeated use of banked items within an in-house assessment context. The difficulty and discrimination coefficients for the 16-unit exams of the past 5 years (1,629 questions) were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVAs.
Results Difficulty coefficients increased significantly (M = 79.8% for the first use of an item, to a mean difficulty coefficient of 85.2% for the fourth use) and discrimination coefficients decreased significantly with repeated uses (M = 0.17, 0.16, 0.14, 0.14 for the first, second, third and fourth uses respectively).
Discussion The results from our study suggest that using an item three times or more within a short time span may cause a significant risk to its psychometric properties and consequently to the quality of the examination. Pooling items from different institutions or the recourse to automatic generated items could offer a greater pool of questions to administrators and faculty members while limiting the re-use of questions within a short time span.
Rome, Carthage, and Numidia: Diplomatic Favouritism before the Third Punic War
Authors: Bailey Colin 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines Rome’s diplomatic relations with Carthage and Numidia in the period between the Second and Third Punic Wars. Polybius’ suggestion that Rome consistently decided against Carthage in territorial disputes with Numidia in the aftermath of the Second Punic War (Polyb. 31.21.5-6) has often been taken up in explanations of the origins of the Third Punic War. Many ancient and modern accounts accept the implication of a policy of hostility against Carthage, assuming that Rome permitted and even encouraged Masinissa to infringe upon and seize Carthaginian territory. This paper, however, argues that the results of Roman arbitration between Carthage and Numidia do not show a consistent policy intended to undermine Carthage. Rather, Rome sought to maintain the territorial division which was imposed at the end of the Second Punic War throughout the inter-war period; several of its decisions were actually in favour of Carthage. The Third Punic War should not be seen as a culmination of a half-century of Roman hostility towards Carthage.
CIL6.16019 Rediscovered
Authors: Cadwallader Alan H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe inscriptionCIL6.16019 has remained substantially dependent on an 1881 publication that has provided the fullest description of the inscription and a relief on a separate panel reported as found with it. Even though more recent analyses have adopted different lines of interpretation, there has been no new encounter with the actual panels. No photograph has been published and the inscription and relief were thought to be lost. This article announces that the inscription and relief have been located (in July 2016) and have been able to be photographed.
Contact-line singularities resolved exclusively by the Kelvin effect: volatile liquids in air
Authors: Rednikov A. Y. , Colinet P. 
Published: November 2018

The contact line of a volatile liquid on a flat substrate is studied theoretically. We show that a remarkable result obtained for a pure-vapour atmosphere (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 87, 2013, 010401) also holds for an isothermal diffusion-limited vapour exchange with air. Namely, for both zero and finite Young’s angles, the motion- and phase-change-related contact-line singularities can in principle be regularised solely by the Kelvin effect (curvature dependence of saturation conditions). The latter prevents the curvature from diverging and rather leads to its versatile self-adjustment. To illustrate the point, the problem is resolved for a distinguished vicinity of the contact line (‘microregion’) in a ‘minimalist’ way, i.e. without any disjoining pressure, precursor film, Navier slip or any other microphysics. This also leads to the determination of the ‘Kelvin-only’ evaporation- and motion-induced apparent contact angles. With the Kelvin-only microscales actually turning out to be quite nanoscopic, other microphysics effects may nonetheless interfere too in reality. The Kelvin-only results will then yield a limiting case within such a more general formulation.
Connecting research, management, education and policy for the conservation of armadillos in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia
Authors: Superina Mariella , Cortés Duarte Alexandra , Trujillo Fernando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSuccessful conservation actions require strategies that combine research, policy formulation and enforcement, practical interventions and education. Here we review the Armadillo Conservation Programme, which was initiated in 2012 as a pioneering multidisciplinary programme for the conservation and management of five armadillo species in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia. It is led by a multi-institutional alliance that ensures active participation of stakeholders during all stages of the programme. Six main threats affecting armadillo populations in the Llanos were identified, and these were addressed in the first joint action plan of two Colombian environmental authorities. Scientific research facilitated an increase in the knowledge available about the armadillos of the Llanos, and the recategorization of the northern long-nosed armadilloDasypus sabanicolaon the IUCN Red List. Threat evaluation and mitigation included the assessment of illegal bushmeat trade and consumption in local restaurants and the establishment of a certification label for restaurants that do not sell wild meat. Multiple strategies were used to raise awareness about armadillos and position them as flagship species for the Llanos, including education programmes in schools, travelling exhibitions, talks at universities, and the publication of several books. The local communities were actively involved through a network of private reserves committed to the conservation of armadillos, in which armadillos are protected from poaching and monitored by farmers. Breeding and rehabilitation facilities were established that can host confiscated armadillos and raise awareness among the local communities. This case study shows that conservation programmes targeted at inconspicuous and poorly known species can be successful.
Risk and coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kei-Lin , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng-Ta , Lin Wei-Chen , Tsai Shih-Jen , Cheng Chih-Ming , Chang Wen-Han , Pan Tai-Long , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Bai Ya-Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder is a highly heritable mental illness that transmits intergeneratively. Previous studies supported that first-degree relatives (FDRs), such as parents, offspring, and siblings, of patients with bipolar disorder, had a higher risk of bipolar disorder. However, whether FDRs of bipolar patients have an increased risk of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unclear.MethodsAmong the entire population in Taiwan, 87 639 patients with bipolar disorder and 188 290 FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were identified in our study. The relative risks (RRs) of major psychiatric disorders were assessed among FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.ResultsFDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to have a higher risk of major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (RR 6.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.95–6.30), MDD (RR 2.89, 95% CI 2.82–2.96), schizophrenia (RR 2.64, 95% CI 2.55–2.73), ADHD (RR 2.21, 95% CI 2.13–2.30), and ASD (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.92–2.29), than the total population did. These increased risks for major psychiatric disorders were consistent across different familial kinships, such as parents, offspring, siblings, and twins. A dose-dependent relationship was also found between risk of each major psychiatric disorder and numbers of bipolar patients.ConclusionsOur study was the first study to support the familial coaggregation of bipolar disorder with other major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, MDD, ADHD, and ASD, in a Taiwanese (non-Caucasian) population. Given the elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders, the public health government should pay more attention to the mental health of FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.
Atom Probe Compositional Analysis of Interphase Precipitated Nano-Sized Alloy Carbide in Multiple Microalloyed Low-Carbon Steels
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Miyamoto Goro , Furuhara Tadashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe composition of nano-sized alloy carbides formed by interphase precipitation in V–Nb and V–Ti multiple microalloyed low-carbon steels is analyzed by using three-dimensional atom probe. Carbide-forming alloying elements including V, Nb, and Ti, are simultaneously precipitated from the early stage of isothermal treatment, whose atoms are uniformly distributed in the carbide particles, even after prolonged holding. Cluster analysis by the maximum separation method, with parameters optimized using different methods, is carried out to extract alloy carbides from matrix. The composition of alloy carbides evaluated by site fraction of substitutional carbide-forming alloying elements indicates that at the early stage of their formation, Nb and Ti are more strongly enriched than V.