bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign board members and firm innovativeness: an exploratory analysis for setting a research agenda
Authors: Makkonen Teemu , Williams Allan M. , Habersetzer Antoine 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the often repeated, but empirically unconfirmed, supposition that there is a positive connection between foreign board members (FBMs) and firm innovativeness and to set a research agenda for future studies on the topic.Design/methodology/approachThe analyses are based on a large sample of firms within the European Union, utilizing patent and trademark data together with information on the national diversity of the boards.FindingsThe analyses confirm that there is a positive association between FBMs and firm innovativeness. Contrary to expectations, FBMs from less innovative countries than the countries of their host companies are more associated with innovative firms than are FBMs from more innovative countries.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides empirical support for propositions, drawn from resource dependency theory and group effectiveness/diversity theories, that diverse boards of directors can lead to greater firm-level creativity and innovativeness. It also outlines a detailed research agenda for future studies to build on the tentative findings presented in this paper.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that greater national diversity in the board of directors can enhance innovation.Originality/valueEarlier studies on board diversity have not analyzed empirically the issue of national diversity. The originality of this paper lies in its attempt to address this gap in the corporate governance literature.
Effects of microstrip line fabrication and design on high-speed signal integrity transmission of PCB manufacturing process
Authors: Wang Shouxu , Xu Xiaolan , Zhou Guoyun , Chen Yuanming , He Wei , Yang Wenjun , Su Xinhong , Hu Yongshuan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
As a common transmission line, the microstrip line plays an important role in high-speed circuits. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of the circuit design of microstrip lines on the signal integrity (SI). In addition, the influence of the type and thickness of the solder resist ink on SI was analyzed to provide guidance for the related producing process design of printed circuit boards (PCBs).

Design/methodology/approach
Microstrip line properties consisting of shape, line-width/line-space ratio, reference layer design and as-covered solder resist ink were designed to measure the insertion loss (S21) in high-speed PCB.

Findings
The study showed that the insertion loss (S21) of straight, meander, snake-shaped and wavy microstrip lines was approximately consistent. A microstrip line with width/space ratio less than 0.96 is necessary, as the differential line closing produces a mutual interference. Reference layer including the discontinuous area should be repaired by adjusting the microstrip line parameters. With regard to the solder resist ink, the insertion loss of novel solder resist ink decreased by 0.163 dB/in at 12.9 GHz and 0.164 dB/in at 14 GHz, compared with traditional solder resist ink. Accordingly, the insertion loss effectively improved at a lower thickness of solder resist.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrated that the common designing factors of line shape, line/space ratio, reference layer and solder resist influence microstrip line SI in the significant reference of designer-making PCB layout.
Public sector motivational practices and their effect on job satisfaction: country differences
Authors: de Juana-Espinosa Susana , Rakowska Anna 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of job satisfaction practices for public sector employees through a cross-national approach.Design/methodology/approachA multi-group analysis was carried out using SmartPLS3 among non-teaching employees of public universities in Poland and Spain.FindingsThe results show a positive relationship between motivational factors and job satisfaction; however, there is no evidence that the variable “country” introduced significant differences.Originality/valueThe research findings contribute to a better understanding of job satisfaction for public employees and provide empirical evidence on the relationship between job satisfaction and public culture.
Development of the 3D dome model based on a terrestrial laser scanner
Authors: Abu Hanipah Abdul Fatah Firdaus , Tahar Khairul Nizam 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Laser scanning technique is used to measure and model objects using point cloud data generated laser pulses. Conventional techniques to construct 3D models are time consuming, costly and need more manpower. The purpose of this paper is to assess the 3D model of the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque’s main dome using a terrestrial laser scanner.

Design/methodology/approach
A laser scanner works through line of sight, which indicates that multiple scans need to be taken from a different view to ensure a complete data set. Targets must spread in all directions, and targets should be placed on fixed structures and flat surfaces for the normal scan and fine scan. After the scanning operation, point cloud data from the laser scanner were cleaned and registered before a 3D model could be developed.

Findings
As a result, the reconstruction of the 3D model was successfully developed. The samples are based on the triangle dimension, curve line, horizontal dimension and vertical dimension at the dome. The standard deviation and accuracy are calculated based on the comparison of the 21 samples taken between the high-resolution and low-resolution scanning data.

Originality/value
There are many ways to develop the 3D model and based on this study, the less complex ways also produce the best result. The authors implement the different types of dimensions for the 3D model assessment, which have not yet been considered in the past.
Adoption of multiple climate-smart agricultural practices in the Gangetic plains of Bihar, India
Authors: Aryal Jeetendra Prakash , Jat M.L. , Sapkota Tek B. , Khatri-Chhetri Arun , Kassie Menale , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Maharjan Sofina 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) is important for sustaining Indian agriculture in the face of climate change. Despite considerable effort by both national and international agricultural organizations to promote CSAPs in India, adoption of these practices is low. This study aims to examine the elements that affect the likelihood and intensity of adoption of multiple CSAPs in Bihar, India.Design/methodology/approachThe probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are analyzed using multivariate and ordered probit models, respectively.FindingsThe results show significant correlations between multiple CSAPs, indicating that their adoptions are interrelated, providing opportunities to exploit the complementarities. The results confirm that both the probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are affected by numerous factors, such as demographic characteristics, farm plot features, access to market, socio-economics, climate risks, access to extension services and training. Farmers who perceive high temperature as the major climate risk factor are more likely to adopt crop diversification and minimum tillage. Farmers are less likely to adopt site-specific nutrient management if faced with short winters; however, they are more likely to adopt minimum tillage in this case. Training on agricultural issues is found to have a positive impact on the likelihood and the intensity of CSAPs adoption.Practical implicationsThe major policy recommendations coming from of our results are to strengthen local institutions (public extension services, etc.) and to provide more training on CSAPs.Originality/valueBy applying multivariate and ordered probit models, this paper provides some insights on the long-standing discussions on whether farmers adopt CSAPs in a piecemeal or in a composite way.
Reconceptualising social enterprise in the UK through an appreciation of legal identities
Authors: Bull Mike 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review current conceptualisations of social enterprise and present a new theoretical model for social enterprise in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper draws on the rise of social enterprise in the UK context. Social enterprise in the UK emerged around the 1980s, in both political consciousness and as an academic discipline. The paper explores organisational antecedents to develop a conceptual model that prioritises different legal forms of social enterprise in the UK regulatory framework.FindingsIn critiquing policy, practitioner and academic publications, as well as the theoretical models that operationalise social enterprise, there are two observations from the literature this paper examines: first, Theories to date have tended to conceptualise social enterprise as a single hybrid form, neglecting a consideration of the various legal identities, ownership and governance types; second, Theoretical models have tended to overlook the cultural, regional and political-economic histories within their conceptualisations.Originality/valueThe value and originality of this paper lies in offering a new paradigm in the conceptualisation of social enterprise in the UK. This is a new contribution to knowledge that strengthens an understanding of the field. This paper creates the space to broaden and appreciate ideologically and operationally different hybrid business types of social enterprises that include charitable, solidarity and entrepreneurial type social enterprises.
Adding value, reducing research waste, the role of the NHS research and development management community
Authors: Minogue Virginia , Wells Bill 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Research suggests that 85 per cent of health research is avoidably wasted. The research and development management community has an important role in the research process and can contribute to improving the quality and value of research. Al-Shahi Salman et al. (2014) identified ways in which the community can contribute towards the reduction of research waste by increasing the efficiency of recruitment and retention of research participants, data management and data sharing in studies, and promoting the integration of research into practice. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
A project undertaken between May 2016 and May 2017 explored the perspective, and contribution, towards reducing research waste amongst the research and development management community. The study identified those categories of research waste the community felt were the most important and of the most value to address. It also examined spheres of influence and barriers to addressing research waste.

Findings
The most important and highest value categories of research waste to address were: implementation of research in practice, prioritisation of research, and design, conduct and analysis of research. The research and development management community’s level of influence in those areas was low. The categories where the community felt they had most influence, with the exception of design, conduct and analysis of research, were generally those they thought were less important and valuable, i.e. research taking place to time and target, public and patient involvement, and administration.

Originality/value
Waste in research is a significant area of waste in health care expenditure. This study has provided a better understanding of research waste for the research management community. The research and development management community can take a leadership role in formulating an action plan and identifying measures of success in reducing waste in research.
Improving managers’ intelligence through Systems Thinking
Authors: Mella Piero , Gazzola Patrizia 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Accepting the assumption that our intelligence depends on the ability to construct models which may allow us to acquire, update and transmit our knowledge, this paper aims to highlight the role of Systems Thinking in developing the “intelligence” of managers for all types and sizes of organization.

Design/methodology/approach
Four relevant contributions for improving the “intelligence” of managers will be examined: the ability to understand and model dynamic systems, the structure of Control Systems, the rules of the decision-making process and the identification of systems archetypes.

Findings
The paper will show that Systems Thinking, through the logic of Control Systems, offers managers a comprehensive representation of the problem-solving and decision-making processes, teaching them how to distinguish problems from symptoms and to acquire a leverage effect. Additionally, Senge’s system archetypes will be presented and new archetypes will be added to Senge’s list.

Practical implications
The viability of every organization and its effective resilience and survival make it more than ever necessary for managers to adopt Systems Thinking, not only as a technique but also primarily as a discipline for efficient and effective thinking, learning, communication and explanation with regard to the dynamics of the world.

Originality/value
The message of the paper is that by continually applying the rules and language of Systems Thinking, managers develop the capability to continually adapt their models to the dynamics of the world, increase their learning capacity and better gauge their consequent judgments, decisions and behavior, thereby removing the mental impediments to intelligence (inappropriate mental models, defensive routines, judgmental biases, rules, etc.).
Quantity and monetary value of agrochemical pollution from intensive farming in Indonesia
Authors: Mariyono Joko , Kuntariningsih Apri , Suswati Enny , Kompas Tom 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure the environmental performance of intensive farming and estimate agrochemical waste in physical and monetary terms. The intensive farming provides adverse impacts including health and environmental quality associated with the use of agrochemicals.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a theory of environmental efficiency that measures how efficient the farm uses agrochemical inputs. The efficiency was estimated using a set of farm-level data of intensive farming that use agrochemicals. Data were compiled from a survey of randomly selected 240 farmers who operated intensive farming in three regions of Java in 2014.

Findings
The results show that the performance of intensive farming was low. This condition caused agrochemical waste leading to the externality. Taking the external costs into account resulted in the improvement in efficiency of agrochemicals. The actual level of agrochemicals was about a hundred times higher than the most efficient level.

Research limitations/implications
This study is beyond the exogenous external costs. There is a need for a further comprehensive study to include more exogenous external costs associated with agrochemicals to have the potential value of such costs and the most socially efficient use of agrochemicals. The long-term effects of external cost to the environment and socio-economic livelihood of the farmers and other communities are considerable. Advocating for alternatives to decrease the use of detrimental agro-inputs, in the long run, will provide sound quality of the environment. Socially, both producers and consumers get the environmental and health benefits.

Practical implications
To reduce the agrochemical waste that caused environmental problems, a policy should be formulated to make farming more efficient, particularly for agrochemical use. It can be done by introducing agronomic technologies and enhancing farmers’ knowledge on environmentally friendly agriculture.

Originality/value
Environmental efficiency is able to estimate the quantity of agrochemical waste. The waste is a kind of non-point source pollution whose source and quantity are very difficult to identify and measure. As there are many definitions and measurement of environmental performance, this concept of environmental efficiency can be one of the alternatives.
What group of humic substances determines colour of unpolluted river water? Case study from two different rivers of North-Western Russia
Authors: Rizhinashvili Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThere is no clear answer to the question as to what kind of humic substances (HSs) (fulvic acids (FAs) or humic acids (HAs)) is primarily responsible for colour of water in water bodies. To resolve this problem, the purpose of this paper is to compare optical properties of the samples of river water with solutions (considered as standard) containing HAs and FAs in different concentrations.Design/methodology/approachThe author sampled two typical unpolluted rivers of Karelian Isthmus (Leningrad Region, North-Western Russia) with different water colours – Vyun with light-brown water and Kivioja with dark-brown water.FindingsIt is revealed that the shape of the light absorption curve for both rivers is similar to that of FAs. Among the coefficients,a364*is unsuitable for differentiation between HAs and FAs due to its wide transgression. In contrast, the E540coefficient allows one to separate these groups of HSs very well. The E540values of the river water samples categorise them as FAs. The values ofa440*indicate that river waters, especially from Kivioja, contain FAs with a large molecular weight in comparison with soil FAs (up to 1.75-fold higher). It shows a distinct character of river water HSs, which is consistent with the published data.Practical implicationsThe results outline a more direct approach to decision support in the sphere of ecological monitoring of river water.Originality/valueThe author has concluded that river waters are coloured by FAs.
Waste management system in the clothing industry in Santa Catarina State Brazil
Authors: Correia Jeferson , Forno Ana Júlia Dal , Marangoni Cintia , Valle José Alexandre Borges 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and diagnosis waste management practices used by clothing manufacturing companies in Santa Catarina state Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
The data for this multiple case study were obtained from interviews and by using a questionnaire to collect company data. After the analysis of the responses to questionnaires issued to 22 companies, a scoring system was developed to systematically classify these companies at either a basic, intermediate or advanced levels.

Findings
According to the classification used, eight companies were characterized at the basic level, eight at the intermediate level and six as advanced. Most of the companies have already implemented measures for reuse or recycling of textile scraps, probably because of the economic value added.

Research limitations/implications
The classification system proposed proved to be an effective tool for identifying: if each company had a plan of action involving requirements of Brazil’s National Solid Waste Policy; if the company had a management system in accordance with Law 12,305; the quality of solid waste treatment at the entire company and in its clothing sector; if the company adopted shared responsibility actions; and if it had knowledge of the negative environmental impacts.

Originality/value
This paper presents a classification system for companies based on a questionnaire. The system allows determining the degree of compliance with Brazilian waste management legislation.
Supplying water to the urban poor
Authors: Rana Md Masud Parves , Piracha Awais 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the processes and complexities of community participation in a water supply project for the urban informal poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the performance of a community-based water governance entitled Dushtha Shasthya Kendra Model. The Model includes the local urban poor community with the formal urban service providers in the process of water supply. Using a case study of Karail slum in Dhaka, the paper affirms the potential of community engagement for successful implementation of water supply project by the formal organizations.

Findings
The opportunity of community participation by the urban poor helps them to be engaged with the formal organizations. Community engagement not only offers them access to water supply but also ensure formal/legal existence in the city. Despite the fact, the community initiative in the slum faces huge locally situated political and socioeconomic challenges. Addressing these complexities with a proper management may still provide a successful community-based effort for water supply to the urban poor in the slums.

Originality/value
The paper presents a case study of water supply system for the informal poor. Water scarcity in the slum is a serious problem in Dhaka city, though the formal authorities often forget the issue during policy making and planning. This study certainly offers a better understanding of complexity and potentiality of community-based water governance, which may further ensure community participation as well as equal access to water by the urban poor.
Developing and analyzing framework for understanding the effects of GSCM on green and economic performance
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Ahmed Waqar , Najmi Arsalan 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) is gaining popularity in developing countries due to the environmental and economic impact along with increasing awareness of environmental safety. Enterprises are trying to express their sincere commitment toward green practices. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of GSCM on green and economic performance of the firm under the influence of leadership and institutional pressures.Design/methodology/approachConceptual model was developed from previous research works to understand the driving forces of green and economic performance which had inconsistent findings in the literature. Data were collected from 174 leading ISO 14001 certified manufacturing firms in Pakistan by using a structured questionnaire. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling is used for testing the hypotheses.FindingsThe statistical results indicate that the leadership and institutional pressures influence the firm for adoption of internal green practices and external green collaboration. The statistical results also suggest that green practices significantly improve firm’s green and economic performance. However, firm’s external green collaboration does not significantly affect green performance, but it improves green performance significantly.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is conducted on Pakistan as a case of highly populated developing country.Originality/valueThis research presents the empirical evaluation of the influence of leadership and institutional pressure on green practices and improved green and economic performance. The results offer useful understanding for SCM practitioners seeking to adopt GSCM practices. The results also provide policy insights for regulators, organizations and legislators to further promote GSCM.