bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar ages, masses, and radii from asteroseismic modeling are robust to systematic errors in spectroscopy
Authors: Bellinger E. P. , Hekker S. , Angelou G. C. , Stokholm A. , Basu S. 
Published: January 2019

Context. The search for twins of the Sun and Earth relies on accurate characterization of stellar and the exoplanetary parameters age, mass, and radius. In the modern era of asteroseismology, parameters of solar-like stars are derived by fitting theoretical models to observational data, which include measurements of their oscillation frequencies, metallicity [Fe/H], and effective temperature Teff. Furthermore, combining this information with transit data yields the corresponding parameters for their associated exoplanets.
Aims. While values of [Fe/H] and Teff are commonly stated to a precision of ∼0.1 dex and ∼100 K, the impact of systematic errors in their measurement has not been studied in practice within the context of the parameters derived from them. Here we seek to quantify this.
Methods. We used the Stellar Parameters in an Instant (SPI) pipeline to estimate the parameters of nearly 100 stars observed by Kepler and Gaia, many of which are confirmed planet hosts. We adjusted the reported spectroscopic measurements of these stars by introducing faux systematic errors and, separately, artificially increasing the reported uncertainties of the measurements, and quantified the differences in the resulting parameters.
Results. We find that a systematic error of 0.1 dex in [Fe/H] translates to differences of only 4%, 2%, and 1% on average in the resulting stellar ages, masses, and radii, which are well within their uncertainties (∼11%, 3.5%, 1.4%) as derived by SPI. We also find that increasing the uncertainty of [Fe/H] measurements by 0.1 dex increases the uncertainties of the ages, masses, and radii by only 0.01 Gyr, 0.02 M⊙, and 0.01 R⊙, which are again well below their reported uncertainties (∼0.5 Gyr, 0.04 M⊙, 0.02 R⊙). The results for Teff at 100 K are similar.
Conclusions. Stellar parameters from SPI are unchanged within uncertainties by errors of up to 0.14 dex or 175 K. They are even more robust to errors in Teff than the seismic scaling relations. Consequently, the parameters for their exoplanets are also robust.
The Long-Term Impacts of Low-Achieving Childhood Peers: Evidence from Project STAR
Authors: Bietenbeck Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates how sharing a kindergarten classroom with low-achieving repeaters affects the long-term educational performance of regular first-time kindergarten students. Exploiting random assignment of teachers and students to classes in Project STAR, I document three sets of causal impacts: students who are exposed to repeaters (1) score lower on a standardized math test at the end of kindergarten, an effect that fades out in later grades; (2) show persistent improvements in noncognitive skills such as effort and discipline; and (3) are more likely to graduate from high school and to take a college entrance exam around the age of 18. I argue that the positive spillovers on long-term educational attainment are driven by the differential accumulation of noncognitive skills by repeater-exposed students during childhood. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the improvements in these skills are driven by behavioral adjustments of teachers to the presence of repeaters in the classroom.
Unconventional Monetary Policy, Fiscal Side Effects, and Euro Area (Im)balances
Authors: Hachula Michael , Piffer Michele , Rieth Malte 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We study the macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area using structural vector autoregressions, identified with external instruments. The instruments are based on the common unexpected variation in euro area sovereign yields for different maturities on policy announcement days. We first show that expansionary monetary surprises are effective at lowering public and private interest rates and increasing economic activity, consumer prices, and inflation expectations. We then document that the shocks lead to a rise in primary public expenditures and a widening of internal trade balances.
Safety of Outpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yerneni Ketan , Burke John F , Chunduru Pranathi , Molinaro Annette M , Riew K Daniel , Traynelis Vincent C , Tan Lee A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is being increasingly offered on an outpatient basis. However, the safety profile of outpatient ACDF remains poorly defined.

OBJECTIVE
To review the medical literature on the safety of outpatient ACDF.

METHODS
We systematically reviewed the literature for articles published before April 1, 2018, describing outpatient ACDF and associated complications, including incidence of reoperation, stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, hematoma, and mortality. A random-effects analysis was performed comparing complications between the inpatient and outpatient groups.

RESULTS
We identified 21 articles that satisfied the selection criteria, of which 15 were comparative studies. Most of the existing studies were retrospective, with a lack of level I or II studies on this topic. We found no statistically significant difference between inpatient and outpatient ACDF in overall complications, incidence of stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, and hematoma development. However, patients undergoing outpatient ACDF had lower reported reoperation rates (P < .001), mortality (P < .001), and hospitalization duration (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis indicates that there is a lack of high level of evidence studies regarding the safety of outpatient ACDF. However, the existing literature suggests that outpatient ACDF can be safe, with low complication rates comparable to inpatient ACDF in well-selected patients. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities such as obesity and significant myelopathy are likely not suitable for outpatient ACDF. Spine surgeons must carefully evaluate each patient to decide whether outpatient ACDF is a safe option. Higher quality, large prospective randomized control trials are needed to accurately demonstrate the safety profile of outpatient ACDF.
Integrating Genomics into Psychiatric Practice: Ethical and Legal Challenges for Clinicians
Authors: Ward Eric T. , Kostick Kristin M. , Lázaro-Muñoz Gabriel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Psychiatric genomics is a rapidly growing field that holds much promise for improving risk prediction, prevention, diagnosis, treatment selection, and understanding of the pathogenesis of patients’ symptoms. The field of psychiatry (i.e., professional organizations, mental health clinicians, educational institutions), however, needs to address numerous challenges to promote the responsible translation of genomic technologies and knowledge into psychiatric practice. The goal of this article is to review how clinicians currently encounter and use genomics in the clinic, to summarize the existing literature on how clinicians feel about the use of genomics in psychiatry, and to analyze foreseeable ethical and legal challenges for the responsible integration of genomics into psychiatric care at the structural and clinic levels. Structural challenges are defined as aspects of the larger system of psychiatric practice that constitute potential barriers to the responsible integration of genomics for the purposes of psychiatric care and prevention. These structural challenges exist at a level where professional groups can intervene to set standards and regulate the practice of psychiatry and genomics. Clinic-level challenges are day-to-day issues clinicians face when managing genomic tests in the clinic. We discuss the need for action to mitigate these challenges and maximize the clinical and social utility of psychiatric genomics, including the following: expanding genomics training among mental health clinicians; establishing practice guidelines that consider potential clinical, psychological, and social implications of psychiatric genomics; promoting an integrated care model for managing genomics in psychiatry; emphasizing patient engagement and informed consent when managing genomic testing in psychiatric care.
The contribution of second primary cancers to the mortality of patients with a gastric first primary cancer
Authors: Morais Samantha , Antunes Luís , Bento Maria J. , Lunet Nuno 
Published: January 2019

Objectives
Gastric first primary cancers (FPCs) have an increased risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). However, their effect on mortality remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to estimate the contribution of SPCs to the mortality of gastric FPCs.

Patients and methods
A population-based cohort of gastric FPCs diagnosed in 2000–2006 was followed for SPCs (31 December 2012) and vital status (31 December 2017). SPCs (138 synchronous and 205 metachronous, ≤1 and >1 year after the FPC, respectively) were matched (1 : 3, by sex, 5-year age group, and year of FPC diagnosis) with those without an SPC and alive when the corresponding SPC was diagnosed.

Results
In synchronous SPCs, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for death was 1.07 (0.81–1.40) in males and 0.86 (0.58–1.28) in females; the corresponding estimates for metachronous SPCs were 1.89 (1.49–2.41) and 2.08 (1.42–3.05). In synchronous SPCs, the 10-year cumulative mortality was similar to that of FPCs only; the estimates were higher in lung SPCs. The 10-year cumulative mortality was 75.5% in males and 65.5% in females with metachronous SPCs, which is more than 20% higher than for FPCs only.

Conclusion
Among patients with gastric FPCs who survive long enough for metachronous SPCs, the latter substantially increases mortality over 10 years, whereas the effect of synchronous SPCs is generally smaller.
Serum fetuin-B level is an independent marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: El-Ashmawy Hazem M. , Ahmed Azza M. 
Published: January 2019

Objective
Previous studies have assessed serum fetuin-B and its relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and as a link between them through inducing insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, we examined the potential of serum fetuin-B to be an independent marker for NAFLD in patients with T2DM.

Patients and methods
The study group consisted of 270 patients with T2DM. Clinical and laboratory features were evaluated. The NAFLD severity was graded by ultrasound into three subgroups: grade 0 (no fatty liver), grade 1 (mild fatty liver), and grade 2–3 (medium to severe fatty liver). Fetuin-B, retinol-binding protein-4, and adiponectin were measured.

Results
Patients with grade 2–3 NAFLD had high fetuin-B levels in comparison with non-NAFLD group. Age and sex adjusted fetuin-B demonstrated positive correlations with triglycerides, γ-glutamyl transferase, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of IR, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, but it had a negative correlation with serum creatinine. Adiponectin level was decreased with increasing NAFLD severity, but no difference was found in retinol-binding protein-4. The estimated odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of grade 2–3 NAFLD was increased significantly with increasing levels of fetuin-B (OR: 3.92; 95% confidence interval: 2.14–8.32 vs. OR: 8.91; 95% confidence interval: 4.22–18.41). The OR of fetuin-B in the uppermost tertile group was still significant after controlling for homeostasis model assessment of IR, glycated hemoglobin, waist circumference, BMI, hepatic enzymes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that serum fetuin-B had an independent association with NAFLD in patients with T2DM.
Formation and dynamics of magma reservoirs
Authors: Sparks R. S. J. , Annen C. , Blundy J. D. , Cashman K. V. , Rust A. C. , Jackson M. D. 
Published: January 2019

The emerging concept of a magma reservoir is one in which regions containing melt extend from the source of magma generation to the surface. The reservoir may contain regions of very low fraction intergranular melt, partially molten rock (mush) and melt lenses (or magma chambers) containing high melt fraction eruptible magma, as well as pockets of exsolved magmatic fluids. The various parts of the system may be separated by a sub-solidus rock or be connected and continuous. Magma reservoirs and their wall rocks span a vast array of rheological properties, covering as much as 25 orders of magnitude from high viscosity, sub-solidus crustal rocks to magmatic fluids. Time scales of processes within magma reservoirs range from very slow melt and fluid segregation within mush and magma chambers and deformation of surrounding host rocks to very rapid development of magma and fluid instability, transport and eruption. Developing a comprehensive model of these systems is a grand challenge that will require close collaboration between modellers, geophysicists, geochemists, geologists, volcanologists and petrologists.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics’.
Mafic tiers and transient mushes: evidence from Iceland
Authors: Maclennan J. 
Published: January 2019

It is well established that magmatism is trans-crustal, with melt storage and processing occurring over a range of depths. Development of this conceptual model was based on observations of the products of magmatism at spreading ridges, including Iceland. Petrological barometry and tracking of the solidification process has been used to show that the Icelandic crust is built by crystallization over a range of depths. The available petrological evidence indicates that most of the active rift zones are not underlain by extensive and pervasive crystal mush. Instead, the microanalytical observations from Iceland are consistent with a model where magmatic processing in the lower crust occurs in sills of decimetric vertical thickness. This stacked sills mode of crustal accretion corresponds to that proposed for the oceanic crust on the basis of ophiolite studies. A key feature of these models is that the country rock for the sills is hot but subsolidus. This condition can be met if the porosity in thin crystal mushes at the margins of the sills is occluded by primitive phases, a contention that is consistent with observations from cumulate nodules in Icelandic basalts. The conditions required for the stabilization of trans-crustal mushes may not be present in magmatic systems at spreading ridges.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics’.
Defecation by the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyioccurs with an ultradian rhythm through a single transient anal pore
Authors: L. Tamm Sidney 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDefecation in the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiis a stereotyped sequence of effector responses that occur with a regular ultradian rhythm. Time intervals between repeated defecations of individual animals depend on body size, ranging from ~10 min in small larvae to ~1 hr in large adults. New features and corrections of previous reports of the gastrovascular system during and between defecations are described in detail by video microscopy. Contrary to the scientific literature, the defecating organ of the excretory complex is just one of the two anal canals which possesses the animal’s only anal pore. The anal pore is not visible as a permanent structure as depicted in textbooks, but appears at defecation and disappears afterward. DIC microscopy reveals that opening and closing of the anal pore resemble a reversible ring of tissue fusion between apposed endodermal and ectodermal layers at the aboral end.Mnemiopsisthus appears to have an intermittent anus and therefore an intermittent through-gut that reoccur at regular intervals. The temporality of a visible anal pore inMnemiopsisis novel, and may shed light on the evolution of a permanent anus and through-gut in animals. In addition, mirror image dimorphism of the diagonal anal complex occurs in larval ctenophores but not in adults, indicating developmental flexibility in diagonal symmetry of the anal complex.
Neural circuitry of dialects through social learning in Drosophila
Authors: Kacsoh Balint Z , Bozler Julianna , Hodge Sassan , Bosco Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrosophila species communicate the presence of parasitoid wasps to naïve individuals. This observation suggests a rudimentary Drosophila social structure. Communication between closely related species is efficient, while more distantly related species exhibit a dampened, partial communication. Partial communication between some species is enhanced following a period of cohabitation, suggesting that species-specific variations in communication “dialects” can be learned through social interactions. However, it remains unclear as to how the behavioral acquisition and how learning dialects is facilitated by distinct brain regions. In this study, we have identified six regions of the Drosophila brain essential for dialect learning, including the odorant receptor Or69a. Furthermore, we pinpoint subgroups of neurons such as motion detecting neurons in the optic lobe, layer 5 of the fan-shaped body, and the D glomerulus in the antennal lobe, where activation of each are necessary for dialect learning. These results demonstrate that Drosophila can display complex social behaviors with inputs to multiple regions of the Drosophila brain and unique subsets of neurons that must integrate olfactory, visual and motion cues.
Genetic risk for major depressive disorder and loneliness in gender-specific associations with coronary artery disease
Authors: Dennis Jessica , Sealock Julia , Levinson Rebecca T , Farber-Eger Eric , Franco Jacob , Fong Sarah , Straub Peter , Hucks Donald , Linton MacRae F , Song Wen-Liang , Fontanillas Pierre , Elson Sarah L , Ruderfer Douglas , Abdellaoui Abdel , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Palmer Abraham A , Boomsma Dorret I , Cox Nancy J , Chen Guanhua , Mosley Jonathan D , Wells Quinn S , Davis Lea K 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImportanceEpidemiological evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) and loneliness both reduce life expectancies, but mechanisms underlying the excess morbidity are unclear. Electronic health records (EHRs) linked to genetic data offer new opportunities to address this knowledge gap.ObjectiveTo determine the medical morbidity pattern associated with genetic risk factors for MDD and loneliness, two common psychological traits with adverse health outcomes.DesignPhenome-wide association study using EHRs spanning 1990 to 2017 from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center biobank, BioVU. Top associations with coronary artery disease (CAD) were replicated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort.SettingHospital-based EHR study, with replication in a population-based cohort study.Participants18,385 genotyped adult patients in BioVU. Replication in ARIC included 7,197 genotyped participants. All participants were of European ancestry.ExposuresPolygenic scores for MDD and loneliness were developed for each individual using previously published meta-GWAS summary statistics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe phenome-wide association study included 882 clinical diagnoses ascertained via billing codes in the EHR. ARIC included 1598 incident CAD cases.ResultsBioVU patients had a median EHR length of 9.91 years. In the phenome-wide association study, polygenic scores for MDD and loneliness were significantly associated with psychiatric and cardiac phenotypes. Targeted analyses of CAD in 3,893 cases and 4,197 controls in BioVU found odds ratios of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04-1.18; P=8.43×10−4) and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.20; P=4.51×10−6) per 1-SD increase in the polygenic scores for MDD and loneliness, respectively. Comparable hazard ratios in ARIC were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.99-1.14; P=0.07) and 1.07 (1.01-1.15; P=0.03). Across both studies, the increased risk persisted in women after adjusting for multiple conventional risk factors, a polygenic score for CAD, and psychiatric symptoms (available in BioVU). Controlling for genetic risk factors shared between MDD and loneliness, the polygenic score for loneliness conditioned on MDD remained associated with CAD risk, but the polygenic score for MDD conditioned on loneliness did not.Conclusions and RelevanceGenetic risk factors for MDD and loneliness act pleiotropically to increase CAD risk in women. Continued research into the biological and clinical connections between the heart and mind is warranted.
ELECTOR: Evaluator for long reads correction methods
Authors: Marchet Camille , Morisse Pierre , Lecompte Lolita , Lefebvre Arnaud , Lecroq Thierry , Peterlongo Pierre , Limasset Antoine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMotivationIn the last few years, the error rates of third generation sequencing data have been capped above 5%, including many insertions and deletions. Thereby, an increasing number of long reads correction methods have been proposed to reduce the noise in these sequences. Whether hybrid or self-correction methods, there exist multiple approaches to correct long reads. As the quality of the error correction has huge impacts on downstream processes, developing methods allowing to evaluate error correction tools with precise and reliable statistics is therefore a crucial need. Since error correction is often a resource bottleneck in long reads pipelines, a key feature of assessment methods is therefore to be efficient, in order to allow the fast comparison of different tools.ResultsWe propose ELECTOR, a reliable and efficient tool to evaluate long reads correction, that enables the evaluation of hybrid and self-correction methods. Our tool provides a complete and relevant set of metrics to assess the read quality improvement after correction and scales to large datasets. ELECTOR is directly compatible with a wide range of state-of-the-art error correction tools, using whether simulated or real long reads. We show that ELECTOR displays a wider range of metrics than the state-of-the-art tool, LRCstats, and additionally importantly decreases the runtime needed for assessment on all the studied datasets.AvailabilityELECTOR is available at https://github.com/kamimrcht/ELECTOR.Contactcamille.marchet@univ-lille.fr or pierre.morisse2@univ-rouen.fr
Longitudinal single cell profiling of regulatory T cells identifies IL-33 as a driver of tumor immunosuppression
Authors: Li Amy , Herbst Rebecca H. , Canner David , Schenkel Jason M. , Smith Olivia C. , Kim Jonathan Y. , Hillman Michelle , Bhutkar Arjun , Cuoco Michael S. , Rappazzo C. Garrett , Rogers Patricia , Dang Celeste , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Cong Le , Birnbaum Michael , Regev Aviv , Jacks Tyler 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTRegulatory T cells (Tregs) can impair anti-tumor immune responses and are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Tregs in human tumors span diverse transcriptional states distinct from those of peripheral Tregs, but their contribution to tumor development remains unknown. Here, we used single cell RNA-Seq to longitudinally profile conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) and Tregs in a genetic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Tissue-infiltrating and peripheral CD4+ T cells differed, highlighting divergent pathways of activation during tumorigenesis. Longitudinal shifts in Treg heterogeneity suggested increased terminal differentiation and stabilization of an effector phenotype over time. In particular, effector Tregs had enhanced expression of the interleukin 33 receptor ST2. Treg-specific deletion of ST2 reduced effector Tregs, increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors, and decreased tumor burden. Our study shows that ST2 plays a critical role in Treg-mediated immunosuppression in cancer, highlighting new potential paths for therapeutic intervention.