bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The borderline between life and death
Authors: Hultsjö Sally , Wärdig Rikard , Rytterström Patrik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore mental health professionals’ experiences in regard to circumstances that cause the patient to take their own life during ongoing care.BackgroundSuicide is a worldwide health problem, and of those who take their own life, nearly 20% have had contact with a psychiatric unit. Mental health professionals may have extended intuitive knowledge that has not been made visible. Mental health professionals’ experiences can contribute knowledge that can complement suicide risk assessments and can be helpful in developing approaches and strategies where the hope is to identify and draw attention to people at risk of taking their own life.DesignA reflective lifeworld research.MethodsTwelve interviews with mental health professionals with experience of working in caring relationships with patients that had taken their life during the period of care. The study was performed in accordance with COREQ (see Supporting Information Data S1).ResultsMental health professionals’ experiences regarding circumstances that cause the patient to take their own life are related to the patient’s life circumstances that led to a loss of dignity, and finally beyond retrieval. Mental health professionals share patients’ struggle to choose between life and death, the darkness of their life and their hopeless situation. This shared experience also makes the mental health professionals wish to relieve patient’s suffering but also gives them an understanding of why patients take their own life.ConclusionsThe mental health professionals experience how the patient loses the possibility of living a worthwhile life, recognise darkness within the patient and see how the patient’s life is fragile. Suicide described as logical and expected, based on their life and life circumstances, has not been found in previous research. Bearing this in mind, should psychiatric care focus on a proactive approach and act when these circumstances are identified?Relevance to clinical practiceThe Mental health professionals’ tacit knowledge may be used to strengthen uncertain suicide assessments.
Workplace bullying, biased behaviours and performance review in the nursing profession: A qualitative study
Authors: Johnson Susan L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore staff nurses’ discourses of workplace bullying, to critically examine how these discourses affect their responses to bullying.BackgroundWorkplace bullying has been identified as a pervasive problem within the nursing profession. Efforts to eradicate workplace bullying need to involve staff—targets as well as bystanders. By understanding how this population conceptualises workplace bullying, more effective and targeted solutions to the problem can be devised.DesignThis qualitative study used a critical discourse analysis method which was based on the work of Foucault.MethodsThirteen staff nurses who worked in a variety of settings in the USA were interviewed. COREQ checklist was used for this article.ResultsThree interrelated discursive strands were identified: “biased behaviour manifested as workplace bullying, workplace bullying disguised as performance review and workplace bullying as entrenched behaviour in nursing”. Actions in response to bullying varied according to which discursive strand was invoked.ConclusionsThe central theme at the intersection of the discursive strands was that workplace bullying is a mechanism for driving out nurses who are different.Relevance to clinical practiceEfforts to address workplace bullying among nurses need to include training on legitimate methods of performance review, workshops on how to interact with diverse co‐workers, and examination of how practices with nursing education contribute to the perpetuation of bullying in clinical settings.
Implementing evidence‐based practices on the therapeutic relationship in inpatient psychiatric care: A participatory action research
Authors: Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Delgado‐Hito Pilar , Leyva‐Moral Juan M. , Casanova‐Garrigós Georgina , Montesó‐Curto Pilar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo produce changes in the therapeutic relationship between clinical practice nurses and patients in psychiatric units by implementing evidence‐based practices through participatory action research.BackgroundThe therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of nursing care in psychiatric units. The literature suggests that theoretical knowledge alone is insufficient to establish the therapeutic relationship in practice. Therefore, strategies are needed to adequately establish the therapeutic relationship in psychiatric units.DesignParticipatory action research.MethodsParticipants consisted of nurses from two psychiatric units of a university hospital. Data were collected through focus groups and reflective diaries, which were analysed using the content analysis method. The COREQ guidelines were followed to ensure rigour.ResultsNurses conceptualised the therapeutic relationship in their practice, identifying facilitating elements and limitations. They were able to compare their clinical practice with the recommendations of scientific evidence and constructed three evidence‐based proposals to improve the therapeutic relationship: (a) a customised nurse intervention space, (b) knowledge updating and (c) reflective groups, which they subsequently implemented and evaluated.ConclusionsThis study shows that nurses in psychiatric units can generate changes and improvements in the therapeutic relationship. The process of implementing evidence‐based practice enhanced participants’ awareness of their clinical practice and allowed them to make changes and improvements.Relevance to clinical practiceThe process confirmed that the implementation of evidence‐based practice through participatory methods, such as participatory action research, is valid and produces lasting changes. This study also reveals the need to rethink nurses’ functions and competencies in current psychiatric units.
Incidence, severity and risk factors of peripheral intravenous cannula‐induced complications: An observational prospective study
Authors: Simin Dragana , Milutinović Dragana , Turkulov Vesna , Brkić Snežana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the incidence, severity and risk factors of peripheral intravenous cannula‐induced complications.BackgroundPeripheral venous cannulation in hospitalised patients may cause complications such as phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion and dislodgement. A review of the literature reveals the discrepancy in their incidence and identification of a wide range of risk factors, whereas the data on the occurrence and degree of severity are insufficient.DesignAn observational prospective study.MethodsThe study observed 1,428 peripheral intravenous cannula insertion among 368 adult patients hospitalised at the tertiary healthcare clinics. The data collection and analysis included patients’ medical data and the data related to each cannula (including placement, monitoring and the reasons for removal), as well as the data on the type of administered medications and solutions. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsPhlebitis ranked first among complications with occurrence of 44%, followed by infiltration of 16.3%, while the incidence of occlusion and catheter dislodgement was 7.6% and 5.6%, respectively. In assessing the occurrence of phlebitis, multivariate analysis highlighted the presence of comorbidity, current infection, catheter size, time in situ and the number of administrations of infusion solutions associated with risk, whereas 20‐gauge catheter, two or more attempts at cannulation and administration of a high‐risk solutions during the first day have been singled out with regard to infiltration. As for the severity, the most common was medium stage of phlebitis, whereas grade 2 was most commonly observed for infiltration.ConclusionThe incidence of infiltration, occlusion and dislodgment is almost congruent with the average incidence of previous studies. However, the incidence and degree of severity associated with the occurrence of phlebitis were significantly higher.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of the study draw attention to vulnerable groups of patients, cannula‐specific and pharmacological risk factors for the development of peripheral intravenous cannula‐induced complications.
Analysis of oral dietary supplement use in rural older adults
Authors: Shade Marcia Y. , Witry Matthew , Robinson Katie , Kupzyk Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe and explore characteristics associated with oral dietary supplement use and identify potential interactions with prescription medications in a sample of rural community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundOlder adults use polypharmacy to help manage chronic diseases. Due to healthcare access disparities, rural older adults may consider dietary supplement use as an alternative approach to maintain health and manage disease. Oral dietary supplement use is expected to increase among ageing adults; placing them at risk for potential interactions and adverse events.DesignA secondary analysis was conducted on oral dietary supplement, medication and health characteristic data collected on N = 138 participants. The original study was adherent to STROBE guidelines.ResultsResearchers found that 83% of the rural older adults used oral dietary supplements in addition to their prescribed medications. Participants took additional single‐dose vitamins along with their multivitamin; 57% took vitamin D, 52% took calcium, 15% took vitamin C and 13% took additional potassium and vitamin E. Participants also used oral dietary supplements with medications that had a potential for interaction.ConclusionsCompared with national samples of older adults, a high percentage of rural older adults used oral dietary supplements in addition to their prescribed medications. In the rural setting, older adults are at risk for potential drug–oral dietary supplement interactions.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can conduct vigilant medication reconciliation that includes documenting characteristics of oral dietary supplement use. Nurses can assist with providing appropriate dietary supplements education that promotes patient knowledge and prevent inappropriate use; particularly when caring for older adults from rural settings.
Surgical patients’ experiences of readiness for hospital discharge and perceived quality of discharge teaching in acute care hospitals
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Songwathana Praneed , Vachprasit Ratjai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the level of perception of the quality of discharge teaching and its associations with the readiness for hospital discharge among surgical patients in acute care hospitals.BackgroundDischarge teaching is a primary strategy to facilitate patients’ readiness for hospital discharge. The extent to which the surgical ward was perceived as providing patient‐focused education when discharged has never been explored. Its impact on a patient's readiness is also unknown in the Indonesian context.DesignA correlational descriptive study was used to collect data from four hospitals in Indonesia.MethodsNinety‐six surgical patients who were in the discharge process enrolled in this study. The demographic form, the quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS) and the readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS) were utilised for data collection. Data were collected from January–February 2018. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank‐order correlation were applied for data analysis.ResultsThe discharge teaching quality was perceived as being at a low level. The readiness for hospital discharge was reported to be at a moderate level. Overall, the discharge teaching quality was not statistically associated with the patients’ readiness. However, positive correlations were found in QDTS and RHDS subscales such as content received and delivery, knowledge, coping ability and expected support. Patient's readiness for hospital discharge was also greater for those who had a caregiver, a short hospital stay, a health insurance and occupation.ConclusionsSurgical patients perceived a low quality of discharge teaching, which may decrease their readiness for hospital discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides baseline information reflecting the patient learning needs in discharge preparation to guide surgical nurses for improving the discharge teaching quality and enhancing the patients’ readiness for hospital discharge.
Shift‐work nurses’ work environments and health‐promoting behaviours in relation to sleep disturbance: A cross‐sectional secondary data analysis
Authors: Lim Sungju , Han Kihye , Cho Hyeonmi , Baek Hyang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the association of nursing work environments and health‐promoting behaviours with shift‐work nurses’ sleep disturbance.BackgroundShift‐work nurses reportedly have sleep problems, which affect their sleep quality and quantity. Given the high risk of developing performance decrements and medication errors in sleep‐disturbed nurses, factors related to sleep disturbance among shift‐work nurses should be investigated.DesignA cross‐sectional secondary data analysis.MethodsOur study analysed data from 339 nurses who had been involved in rotating shift work including night shifts for more than 6 months. To examine associations of nursing work environments and health‐promoting behaviours with sleep disturbance, multiple linear regression models were generated. This study is reported in accordance with the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guideline.ResultsNurses with more collegial relations with physicians were significantly less likely to have high levels of sleep disturbance (B = −4.01, p = 0.04). Those with higher levels of sleep disturbance were significantly more likely to report less stress management (B = −9.56, p < 0.01) and higher health responsibility (B = 9.30, p < 0.01).ConclusionsTo alleviate shift‐work nurses’ sleep disturbance, organisational supports for collaborative relations with physician and increased healthcare accessibility are needed. Individual nurses should develop healthy lifestyles to reduce occupational stress and alleviate sleep disorders.Relevance to clinical practiceTo improve shift‐work nurses’ sleep, collegial relations with physicians and healthy lifestyles should be promoted.
Maternal and neonatal screening methods for congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Tanimura Kenji , Yamada Hideto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of congenital infection that may lead to severe long‐term sequelae. Because there are no established vaccines, fetal interventions or neonatal treatments, neither maternal nor neonatal screening is recommended. However, recent studies have indicated that early antiviral treatment may improve neurological outcomes in symptomatic infants with congenital infection. Therefore, prenatal detection may be important in newborns at high risk of such infection. Polymerase chain reaction for CMV DNA in the amniotic fluid is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of intrauterine infection, but its use is limited because amniocentesis is an invasive procedure. In a prospective cohort study, we have reported that the presence of CMV DNA in secretions of the maternal uterine cervix were predictive of congenital infection in groups at high risk. However, we also recently demonstrated that maternal serological screening for primary CMV infection using specific immunoglobulin G, the immunoglobulin G avidity index or specific immunoglobulin M can overlook many cases. Previous research has indicated that the combination of early detection by universal neonatal screening of urinary CMV DNA combined with early antiviral therapy can improve outcomes in infants with symptomatic congenital infection. In this article, we review the current state of maternal and neonatal screening for congenital CMV infection.
Coagulation failure is associated with bleeding events and clinical outcome during systemic inflammatory response and sepsis in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: An observational cohort study
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Saxena Priyanka , Rangegowda Devaraja , Baweja Sukriti , Mirza Roshni , Jain Priyanka , Bhatia Puja , Kumar Guresh , Bihari Chhagan , Kalal Chetan , Vyas Tanmay , Choudhury Ashok , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) have coagulation failure in the setting of systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and extra‐hepatic organ failures.MethodsConsecutive ACLF patients without sepsis at baseline were assessed at days 0, 3 and 7 with thromboelastography (TEG) and specific assays (Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor [vWF], protein C and antithrombin III [ATIII]) and followed for development of sepsis, bleeding and outcome.ResultsOf 243 patients, 114 (63% ethanol related; mean age 44.3 ± 11.7 years; 90% male) were recruited. SIRS was noted in 39 (34.2%), 45 (39.5%) and 46 (40%) patients at days 0, 3 and 7 and sepsis in 28 (24%) and 52 (56.1%) patients at days 3 and 7 respectively. The 28‐ and 90‐day survivals were 62% and 51% respectively. A hypocoagulable TEG at baseline was a predictor of bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1; CI 1.6‐4.9; P = 0.050) and mortality (HR 1.9; CI 1.3‐7.9; P = 0.043). ACLF patients had increased Factor VIII, vWF, tissue factor levels and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity with reduced protein C and ATIII. Coagulation parameters like Coagulation Index (HR 2.1; CI 1.1‐4.5; P = 0.044),clot lysis (HR 3.2; CI 1.9‐3.4; P = 0.033), low protein C < 30% (HR 2.1; CI 1.5‐2.8; P = 0.017), ATIII (HR 1.4; CI 1.7‐3.1; P = 0.052) and tPA (HR 1.5; CI 1.1‐2.4; P = 0.052) were predictors of mortality at day 28. Protein C activity <30% (HR 1.3; CI 1.0‐2.9; P = 0.042) and tPA >20 ng/mL (HR 1.2; CI 1.1‐2.1; P = 0.040) predicted mortality when adjusted for age, gender and baseline MELD.ConclusionsDynamic coagulation derangements, measured by TEG, determine the likelihood of bleeding and mortality in ACLF.
, Jost's D, and FST are similarly constrained by allele frequencies: A mathematical, simulation, and empirical study
Authors: Alcala Nicolas , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStatistics and Jost's D have been proposed for replacing FST as measures of genetic differentiation. A principal argument in favour of these statistics is the independence of their maximal values with respect to the subpopulation heterozygosity HS, a property not shared by FST. Nevertheless, it has been unclear if these alternative differentiation measures are constrained by other aspects of the allele frequencies. Here, for biallelic markers, we study the mathematical properties of the maximal values of and D, comparing them to those of FST. We show that and D exhibit the same peculiar frequency‐dependence phenomena as FST, including a maximal value as a function of the frequency of the most frequent allele that lies well below one. Although the functions describing , D, and FST in terms of the frequency of the most frequent allele are different, the allele frequencies that maximize them are identical. Moreover, we show using coalescent simulations that when taking into account the specific maximal values of the three statistics, their behaviours become similar across a large range of migration rates. We use our results to explain two empirical patterns: the similar values of the three statistics among North American wolves, and the low D values compared to and FST in Atlantic salmon. The results suggest that the three statistics are often predictably similar, so that they can make quite similar contributions to data analysis. When they are not similar, the difference can be understood in relation to features of genetic diversity.
Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis
Authors: Benotti Peter N. , Wood G Craig , Still Christopher D. , Gerhard Glenn S. , Rolston David D. , Bistrian Bruce R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIron deficiency and anaemia after metabolic surgery, potentially modifiable nutritional complications, are becoming an increasing cause for concern as prevalence increases with time and there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of the current guidelines for prophylactic oral iron supplementation and treatment for deficiency. Abnormalities in iron nutrition predisposing to deficiency are common in severely obese patients, and the low‐grade systemic inflammation, also common to these patients, reduces the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation. The surgical procedures result in alterations of foregut anatomy and physiology, which limit iron absorptive capacity and daily food intake. These alterations and the limited effects of oral iron supplementation explain the high prevalence of postoperative iron deficiency and anaemia. This review outlines current mechanisms concerning the pathogenesis of disordered iron nutrition in patients with severe obesity, current gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for quality improvement.
Cryotherapy for the management of a lip lymphangioma – a case report and literature review
Authors: Matharu J. , Patel V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLymphangiomas or lymphatic malformations have a diverse presentation within the head and neck. This case report explores the use of cryotherapy as an alternative treatment strategy for such oral lesions with a review of literature. A 12 year‐old female presented with an uncommon lower lip lymphangioma. Due to aesthetic concerns she was treated with one session of cryotherapy as a relatively potential novel treatment. Clinically the patient had some reduction in size of the lesion with no significant post‐operative complications. The use of cryotherapy could be considered as a treatment option in small oral cavity lymphangiomas within the aesthetic zone but may not always provide complete resolution or success.
Biased Altruism: Islamophobia and Donor Support for Global Humanitarian Organizations
Authors: Tremblay‐Boire Joannie , Prakash Aseem 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProviding humanitarian assistance to displaced individuals is a critical policy challenge. Many refugee camps are run by charities supported by Western donors. If refugees are predominantly Muslim, might Islamophobia suppress donations to these charities? Using a survey experiment conducted in the United States, the authors examine whether donors' willingness to support a charity is influenced by the dominant religion of the refugees, the regions in which refugee camps are located, and/or the religious affiliation of the charity. The authors find modest support for Islamophobia: while willingness to donate is not affected by the location of camps or the predominance of Muslim refugees, it declines significantly for Islamic charities. Respondents overall tend to be especially willing to donate to a charity that serves Christian refugees in the Middle East. Among self‐identifying Christians, respondents are more willing to donate to a charity serving Christian refugees than one serving Muslim refugees.