bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPN does not release lysosomal Ca2+ but evokes Ca2+ release from the ER by increasing the cytosolic pH independently of cathepsin C
Authors: Atakpa Peace , van Marrewijk Laura M. , Apta-Smith Michael , Chakraborty Sumita , Taylor Colin W. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The dipeptide glycyl-l-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN) is widely used to perturb lysosomes because its cleavage by the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin C is proposed to rupture lysosomal membranes. We show that GPN evokes a sustained increase in lysosomal pH (pHly), and transient increases in cytosolic pH (pHcyt) and Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). None of these effects require cathepsin C, nor are they accompanied by rupture of lysosomes, but they are mimicked by structurally unrelated weak bases. GPN-evoked increases in [Ca2+]c require Ca2+ within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but they are not mediated by ER Ca2+ channels amplifying Ca2+ release from lysosomes. GPN increases [Ca2+]c by increasing pHcyt, which then directly stimulates Ca2+ release from the ER. We conclude that physiologically relevant increases in pHcyt stimulate Ca2+ release from the ER in a manner that is independent of IP3 and ryanodine receptors, and that GPN does not selectively target lysosomes.
Butyphthalide in the treatment of massive Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Wang Xinmin , Sun Yingjun , Dong Shugang , Liu Xiaoying , Ji Jinming 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effect of butyphthalide in the treatment of massive cerebral infarction.
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with massive cerebral infarction who were admitted to the hospital between January 2017 and December 2017 were selected and divided into a treatment group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60) using random number table, 80 each group. Patients in the control group were given conventional cerebral infarction therapy, while patients in the treatment group were given butyphthalide injection besides the conventional treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, score of activity of daily living (ADL), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) and prognosis were recorded and compared between the two groups. The response rates of the two groups were recorded.
Results: The total response rates of the control group and treatment group were 73.85% and 93.85% respectively at the postoperative 21st day, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The NIHSS score of the two groups obviously decreased, and the ADL score significantly increased after treatment; the differences of NIHSS score and ADL score before and after treatment in the same group had statistical significance (P<0.05). The improvement of the indexes of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group, and the differences between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). The level of LP-PLA2 of both groups significantly decreased at the postoperative 21st day, and the difference before and after treatment in the same group was statistically significant (P<0.05); the treatment group had a significantly lower level of LP-PLA2 than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The treatment group had significantly higher positive outcome rate and lower mortality rate than the control group at the postoperative 90th day, and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events of the treatment group and control group was 8.3% (5/60) and 5.0% (3/60) respectively, suggesting no significant difference (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Butyphthalide has a favourable effect in treating massive cerebral infarction. It can repair neurologic impairment, improve activity of daily living, and adjust the level of LP-PLA2, suggesting favourable application values.
How to cite this:Wang X, Sun Y, Dong S, Liu X, Ji J. Butyphthalide in the treatment of massive Cerebral Infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):220-225. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.320
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between normal population and patients with diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mehboob Mohammad Asim , Amin Zulfiqar Ali , Islam Qamar Ul 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To compare the difference in peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL) thickness between normal population and Type-II diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD OCT).
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at PNS Shifa Naval Hospital, from May 2017 to November 2017. Out of 200 eyes, 100 eyes were of normal individuals and 100 eyes were of Type-II diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Both groups were age and gender matched. Average RNFL thickness, along with RNFL of each quadrant of individuals was noted using SD OCT, and compared between two groups.
Results: Mean age of study population was 44.63 ± 4.30 years. Mean axial length was 23.46 ± 0.59 mm. Mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was 126.98 ± 10.07 µm in Group-A (normal individuals), and 120.77 ± 5.41 µm in Group-B (Type-II diabetics). Difference in mean RNFL thickness, as well as RNFL thicknesses of each quadrant was statistically significant between both groups (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: Diabetic patients have thin RNFL as compared to normal individuals, and must be taken in account while making diagnosis of any disease based on thinning of RNFL.
How to cite this:Mehboob MA, Amin ZA, Qamar Ul Islam. Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between normal population and patients with diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):29-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.65
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Presentation and management outcome of tibial infected non‑union with Ilizarov technique
Authors: Bakhsh Karim , Rehman Atiq-Ur- , Zimri Faridullah Khan , Mohammad Eid , Ahmed Wazir , Saaiq Muhammad 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To document the presentation of tibial infected non-union and analyze the management outcome with Ilizarov technique in terms of bone results, functional outcome, bone transport time, external fixation time, external fixation index and any complications.
Methods: This case series was conducted at the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Civil hospital, Quetta over a period of 3-years.
Results: There were 56 patients with 53(94.64%) males and 3(5.35%) females. The age range was 16-50 years with a mean of 32.58±9.98 years. According to ASAMI criteria, bone results were excellent in 37(66%), good in 10(17.85%), fair in 6(10.71%) and poor in 3(5.35%). The functional results were excellent in 37(66%), good in 9(16%), fair in 7(12.5%) and poor in 3(5.35%). The bone union rate was 98.21%.
Conclusion: Ilizarov method beautifully addresses the formidable issue of infected non union of tibia with good outcome in terms of bone healing and infection eradication. The treatment period is relatively lengthy and hence patience on part of patient as well as the surgical team is imperative for achieving favourable outcomes.
How to cite this:Bakhsh K, Atiq-Ur-Rehman, Zimri FK, Mohammad E, Ahmed W, Saaiq M. Presentation and management outcome of tibial infected non‑union with Ilizarov technique. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):136-140. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.67
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
restfulSE: A semantically rich interface for cloud-scale genomics with Bioconductor
Authors: Gopaulakrishnan Shweta , Pollack Samuela , Stubbs BJ , Pagès Hervé , Readey John , Davis Sean , Waldron Levi , Morgan Martin , Carey Vincent 
Published: January 2019

Bioconductor's SummarizedExperiment class unites numerical assay quantifications with sample- and experiment-level metadata. SummarizedExperiment is the standard Bioconductor class for assays that produce matrix-like data, used by over 200 packages. We describe the restfulSE package, a deployment of this data model that supports remote storage. We illustrate use of SummarizedExperiment with remote HDF5 and Google BigQuery back ends, with two applications in cancer genomics. Our intent is to allow the use of familiar and semantically meaningful programmatic idioms to query genomic data, while abstracting the remote interface from end users and developers.
Accuracy of linear measurements using low dose cone beam computed tomography protocol versus direct skull linear measurements: An in vitro study
Authors: Al Abbady Nora Aly , Hamdy Reham Mohamed , El Dessouky Sahar Hosny 
Published: January 2019

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging has been widely used for different dental applications over the last few years. It delivers a high dose of radiation compared to conventional imaging modalities. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of linear measurements conducted using a low dose CBCT protocol in comparison with direct skull linear measurements. Methods: Ten dry human skulls were included in the study. 12 linear measurements were measured directly on each skull between 23 chosen anatomical landmarks using a digital calliper. Radio-opaque markers were then glued on these anatomical landmarks. Each skull was then scanned using low dose CBCT protocol operated at 90 kVp, 7.1 mA, for 9 sec. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of linear measurements conducted using the low dose CBCT protocol when compared with direct linear measurements. Relative Dahlberg Error value ranged from 0.8% to 1.9%. Conclusion: Reducing mAs using a low dose CBCT protocol does not affect the accuracy of linear measurements used in craniofacial imaging tasks as compared with those taken directly on the skull by a digital calliper.
Residential exposure to radon and DNA methylation across the lifecourse: an exploratory study in the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: de Vocht Frank , Suderman Matthew , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Thomas Richard , Wakeford Richard , Relton Caroline , Tilling Kate , Boyd Andy 
Published: January 2019

Background: Radon (and its decay products) is a known human carcinogen and the leading cause of lung cancer in never-smokers and the second in ever-smokers. The carcinogenic mechanism from radiation is a combination of genetic and epigenetic processes, but compared to the genetic mechanisms, epigenetic processes remain understudied in humans. This study aimed to explore associations between residential radon exposure and DNA methylation in the general population. Methods: Potential residential radon exposure for 75-metre area buffers was linked to genome-wide DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood from children and mothers of the Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies subsample of the ALSPAC birth cohort. Associations with DNA methylation were tested at over 450,000 CpG sites at ages 0, 7 and 17 years (children) and antenatally and during middle-age (mothers). Analyses were adjusted for potential residential and lifestyle confounding factors and were determined for participants with complete data (n = 786-980). Results: Average potential exposure to radon was associated in an exposure-dependent manner with methylation at cg25422346 in mothers during pregnancy, with no associations at middle age. For children, radon potential exposure was associated in an exposure-dependent manner with methylation of cg16451995 at birth, cg01864468 at age 7, and cg04912984, cg16105117, cg23988964, cg04945076, cg08601898, cg16260355 and cg26056703 in adolescence. Conclusions: Residential radon exposure was associated with DNA methylation in an exposure-dependent manner. Although residual confounding cannot be excluded, the identified associations may show biological mechanisms involved in early biological effects from radon exposure.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОБЩЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ ФРАНКОФОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КВЕБЕКЕ В XIX ВЕКЕ
Authors: Razumova Lina Vassilievna 
Published: January 2019

Цель. Целью настоящей статьи выступает анализ социокультурного контекста развития общей системы образования в Квебеке, выявление особенностей становления системы франкофонного образования в данном регионе, описание ее структуры.Методология проведения работы. Исследование осуществлялось на основе общенаучного системного подхода с учетом принципа историзма.Результаты. Сложившийся в Квебеке в XIX столетии социокультурный и политический контекст отмечен двумя антиномиями. В основе первой антиномии стоит языковое противостояние франкофонов и англофонов Квебека. Основа второй антиномии – религиозная; ее конструирует противостояние католической и протестантской церквей. Указанные социокультурные аспекты сыграли решающую роль в развитии системы франкофонного образования в Квебеке, основной характеристикой которой выступает языковая и конфессиональная обособленность. Католическая церковь Квебека создает на протяжении XIX века целостную многоуровневую систему общего франкофонного образования, включающего начальное, среднее и высшее ступени образования.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут применяться в научной и учебно-педагогической деятельности в лекционных курсах по истории французского языка и истории педагогики, в рамках спецкурсов, посвященных различным аспектам франкофонии.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МНОГОЛЕТНЕЙ ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ОРТОХАНТАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В ПОПУЛЯЦИЯХ APODEMUS AGRARIUS И MICROTUS FORTIS В ПРИРОДНЫХ ОЧАГАХ ЮГА ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА РОССИИ
Authors: Kompanets Galina Gennadievna , Iunikhina Olga Viktorovna 
Published: January 2019

Цель. Изучить особенности эпизоотического процесса в популяциях мышевидных грызунов – носителей ортохантавирусов Hantaan и Fuzong в природных очагах инфекции Приморского края.Материалы и методы. Инфицированность ортохантавирусом 14 494 Apodemus agrarius и 2 887 Microtus fortis, отловленных в 1981–2016 гг, в разных районах края, оценивали по обнаружению специфического антигена в иммуноферментном анализе или специфических антител в непрямом методе флуоресцирующих антител (НМФА). Для более показательного сравнительного анализа многолетней динамики инфицированности в популяциях грызунов период исследования был разделен на три 12-летних периода (1981–1992 гг, 1993–2004 гг. и 2005–2016 гг.). Статистическая обработка полученных данных производилась с использованием программного обеспечения Statistica 10.0 (Statsoft, США) и статистических калькуляторов предоставленных сервисом http://medstatistic.ru.Результаты. Полученные результаты многолетней динамики инфицированности ортохантавирусом демонстрируют практически синхронные подъемы/спады инфицированности в популяциях двух видов грызунов, однако, несмотря на доминирование в отловах полевой мыши, за исследованный период отмечена статистически достоверная тенденция уменьшения активности эпизоотического процесса в её популяции. В то же время в популяции M. fortis в биотопах совместного обитания статистически достоверное снижение инфицированности отмечено только в последние 12 лет.Заключение. Таким образом, в последние годы в луго-полевых биотопах Приморского края отмечено снижение активности эпизоотического процесса в популяциях грызунов – носителей ортохантавируса Hantaan, имеющее важное значение для заболеваемости геморрагической лихорадкой с почечным синдромом в регионе.
PENGARUH 1,4-BUTANDIOL SEBAGAI POLIOL PADA MODIFIKASI EPOKSI MENGGUNAKAN POLIURETAN
Authors: Ghozali Muhammad , Haryono Agus , Saputra Asep Handaya , Triwulandari Evi 
Published: January 2019

Corrosion is a natural phenomenon causing degradation value and function of material. The use of paints and polymer coatings is the most popular method to protect material against corrosion. Polymer coatings used was an epoxy-based organic resin and polyurethane. Generally, those coating materials were used separately. This study carried out the modification of epoxy with polyurethane in order to obtain coating materials as a combination of epoxy and polyurethane. Expectedly, the chemical reaction between epoxy coating-material and polyurethane could improve the characteristics of the obtained coating materials. Synthesis of polyurethane-modified epoxy with 1,4-butanediol as the polyol (ETP-BTD) was conducted by reacting epoxy resin, tolonate and 1,4-butanediol simultaneously at 50 oC for 30 min with dibutyltindilaurate as catalyst. Functional group analysis of ETP-BTD was performed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), tensile strength by Ultimate Testing Machine (UTM), adhesion by ASTM D4541 Portable Pull-off Adhesion Testers, water vapor transmission rate by ASTM E96 Desiccant Method and thermal stability was studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The FTIR analysis results showed that there are urethane bonds at 1716-1690 cm-1. These results showed that modification of epoxy using polyurethane increased the tensile strength and adhesion, and also decreased the water vapor transmission rate of epoxy. Keywords: epoxy, modification, polyol, polyurethane, 1.4-butanediol
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ETHOXYLATED GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE AS PALM OIL BASED NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
Authors: Adilina Indri Badria , Agustian Egi , Meliana Yenny , Sulaswatty Anny 
Published: January 2019

Palm oil based nonionic surfactants were synthesized by reacting glycerol monooleate with ethylene oxide at 80 ºC in the prescence of an alkaline catalyst. Purification of the products was conducted by use of acetic acid and black carbon which gave ethoxylated products (EGMO) with a higher level of viscocity and greater solubility in water. Physical and chemical properties of the product such as surface activity, cloud point, acid value, ester value, hydroxyl value, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was also determined and results varied depending on the reagent molar ratio. The synthesized EGMO were soluble in water and therefore show potential use as surface active agents in personal care and cosmetic products.Keywords: nonionic surfactant, ethoxylation, glycerol monooleate, palm oil
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BIJI KAPULAGA (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton)
Authors: Sukandar Dede , Hermanto Sandra , Amelia Eka Rizki , Zaenudin Muhamad 
Published: January 2019

Testing of antibacterial activity against ethyl acetate extract local cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) has been performed. Extraction was carried out using the soxhlet method with methanol solvent and liquid-liquid partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvent, antibacterial activity test was performed using the disc diffusion method, fractionation using column chromatography and characterization of active fractions using chromatography GCMS, UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The test results showed that the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract had the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zone diameter of respectively 15.15 ± 1.34 and 13.50 ± 0.70 mm at a concentration of 3200 mg/mL. Results of fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction using column chromatography with a mobile phase of ethyl acetate: n-hexane (3: 2) yielded three fractions, namely F1 (14.6 mg), F2 (8.1 mg) and F3 (4.6 mg). Fraction 2 had the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 12.34 ± 0.07 mm at a concentration of 800 ug/mL. The results of the characterization of the fraction 2 obtained using GCMS analysis of three antibacterial compounds suspected of 2.9-dihydroxy-1,8-cineol; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,8-cineol and 2,2-methylene bis [6- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-ethyl] phenol. The results of the F2 fraction characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the presence of group C = C conjugated chromophore at λmax 223 nm and are based on analysis using FTIR there -OH alcohol functional group (3372 cm-1), aliphatic -CH (2926 and 2854 cm-1) , C = C (1695 cm-1), aliphatic CH2 (1402 cm-1), CH3 aliphatic (1384 cm-1), and C-O (1203; 1126; 1091 and 1043 cm-1). Keywords: Antibacterial, S. aureus, E. coli, Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton, disk diffusion
SKRINING IN SILICO POTENSI SENYAWA ALLICIN DARI ALLIUM SATIVUM SEBAGAI ANTIPLASMODIUM
Authors: Fatmawaty Fatmawaty , Hanafi Muhammad , Rosmalena Rosmalena , Prasasty Vivitri Dewi 
Published: January 2019

Allicin compound (2-propene-1- sulphinothioat acid S-2-propenyl ester) is known to have potential as antiplasmodium in vitro. However, the inhibitory activity mechanism of Allicin to plasmodium is still unknown. In this research, we determined the inhibitory activity of Allicin in silico. Identification of physicochemical properties of Allicin compound and two Allicin derivatives, Alc1, Alc2 and Ac2Alc3 were also conducted.. Furthermore, analysis of drug-likeness and adsorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) were carried out on the Allicin compound and its derivatives to find the potential of these compounds as drug candidates. In determining the specific interaction, we utilized molecular docking analysis between Allicin and its derivatives against a protein target Cysteine Protease (SP). Molecular docking results showed that Allicin derivative, Alc2 (S-prop-2-en-1-yl 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate, C10H18OS2) has better potential as inhibitors than Allicin, based on the lower bond energies and the inhibition constants, thus Alc2 can be used as an antiplasmodium agent candidate.Keywords: Allicin, Allicin derivatives, drug likeness, ADME, molecular docking
The characteristics and capabilities of the available open source health information technologies supporting healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Akhlaq Ather , McKinstry Brian , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionDue to the many advantages of open source software (OSS), including reduced cost of licensing, more flexibility in terms of customisation and redistribution, better quality and no vendor lock-in, OSS in healthcare is increasingly gaining importance. Various open source health information technologies (OS-HITs) are continuously being designed and developed for different areas of healthcare to increase organisational efficiencies and quality of care at minimum costs. The objective of this scoping review is to identify the kinds of existing OS-HITs, their characteristics (e.g. functions) and capabilities (e.g. advantages/disadvantages) for various healthcare stakeholders (physicians and patients) and healthcare sectors (e.g. clinical, administrative).MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review to identify the range of available OS-HITs in international literature from 1980 to September 2018. Searches will be conducted in six major international databases, namely: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Excerpta Medica Database, Global Health, Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts, Medline and Web of Science to identify relevant published research. We will also search the Google search engine and Google Scholar for on-going and unpublished work and the grey literature. Searches will be peer-reviewed by two independent reviewers and will not be limited by methodology or language. Next, selected references will be tabulated for study characteristics by author affiliation, country of origin, the name of OS-HIT, healthcare area/sector, system requirements, stakeholders, complete solution and web link. Furthermore, functions, benefits/advantages, disadvantages and outcomes (e.g. usability) of OS-HITs will be extracted. Narrative and interpretative synthesis of data will be undertaken.ResultsWe will report our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.