bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting the Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia from qualitative radiograph‐ and CT‐based assessments to quantitative MRI‐based measurements
Authors: Dejour David H. , de Sanctis Edoardo Giovanetti , Müller Jacobus H. , Deroche Etienne , Pineda Tomas , Guarino Amedeo , Toanen Cécile ,   Patellofemoral Imaging Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo adapt the current D. Dejour trochlear dysplasia classification (v2.0) to only rely on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements (v3.0) to maximize objectivity and repeatability.MethodsA consecutive series of adult knee MRIs were divided into objective patellar instability (OPI, n = 127) or controls (n = 103; isolated meniscal tears) and postprocessed with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) to standardize the sagittal plane and ensure true lateral views. Thresholds for sulcus angle, lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) and central bump were established using regression tree models to distinguish OPI from controls. The sensitivity and specificity of sulcus angle and LTI combinations to diagnose OPI were then evaluated, and the combination yielding the highest sensitivity was selected as basis for trochlear dysplasia classification. Finally, sulcus angle and LTI measurability and presence of a central bump >5 mm were used to grade dysplasia as low, moderate or high.ResultsThe regression tree models produced thresholds of ≥157° for sulcus angle and <14° for LTI to distinguish OPI from controls. ‘Sulcus angle ≥157° OR LTI < 14°’ yielded the highest sensitivity (87%) to diagnose OPI. The quantitative MRI classification was sulcus angle <157° AND LTI ≥ 14° for Type 0 (No dysplasia); (sulcus angle ≥ 157° OR LTI < 14°) AND central bump <5 mm for Type 1 (Low‐grade dysplasia); (sulcus angle OR LTI are ‘unmeasurable’) AND central bump <5 mm for Type 2 (Moderate‐grade dysplasia); (sulcus angle ≥ 157° OR ‘unmeasurable’ OR LTI < 14° OR ‘unmeasurable’) AND central bump ≥5 mm for Type 3 (High‐grade dysplasia).ConclusionThis MRI classification depends exclusively on quantitative measurements, has excellent interobserver agreement, and yields high sensitivity to diagnose OPI. The MRI imaging protocol with MPR mode and standardized measurements could be quickly adopted and correctly applied by clinicians worldwide in any type of institution to determine the ideal treatment plan.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Differential impacts of temperature increase on prokaryotes across temperature regimes in subtropical coastal waters: insights from field experiments
Authors: Gu Bowei , Ma Xiao , Chen Bingzhang , Liu Hongbin , Zhang Yang , Xia Xiaomin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProkaryotic communities play a dominant role in driving biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems. How short‐term temperature increase impacts prokaryotes in subtropical coastal waters is still largely unknown. Here, 14 field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of prokaryotes in subtropical coastal waters to temperature increases of 3°C and 6°C, encompassing a range of ambient temperatures from 17°C to 31°C. We found that responses of prokaryotic growth, grazing pressure, community, and transcriptomes to increased temperatures were largely affected by ambient temperatures. Increased temperatures enhanced the growth rate and grazing pressure of heterotrophic prokaryotes when ambient temperatures were below 26–28°C. The increased temperatures had greater negative effects on the grazing rate compared to the growth rate; therefore, the abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes generally increased after temperature increase across all temperature regimes. Metatranscriptomics analysis showed that at an ambient temperature of 30°C, genes involved in the adenosine triphosphate synthase were significantly downregulated by the increased temperature. This could be a major factor contributing to the decreased prokaryotic growth rate. In comparison, autotrophic prokaryotes (Synechococcus) exhibited better performance in response to elevated temperatures, thriving up to 35°C, beyond which their growth rate experienced a dramatic decline. When exposing to extremely high temperatures, genes involved in photosynthesis significantly decreased. These findings highlight the differential ecological impacts of temperature increase on prokaryotic communities, varying across different ambient temperatures and taxa in subtropical coastal waters.
In Vivo Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Detection of Liver Cancer Supported by Machine Learning
Authors: Potapova Elena V. , Shupletsov Valery V. , Dremin Viktor V. , Zherebtsov Evgenii A. , Mamoshin Andrian V. , Dunaev Andrey V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesOne of the widely used optical biopsy methods for monitoring cellular and tissue metabolism is time‐resolved fluorescence. The use of this method in optical liver biopsy has a high potential for studying the shift in energy‐type production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and changes in the antioxidant defense of malignant cells. On the other hand, machine learning methods have proven to be an excellent solution to classification problems in medical practice, including biomedical optics. We aim to combine time‐resolved fluorescence measurements and machine learning to automate the division of liver parenchyma and tumors (primary malignant, metastases and benign tumors) into classes.Materials and MethodsAn optical biopsy was performed using a developed setup with a fine‐needle optical probe in clinical conditions under ultrasound control. Fluorescence decays were recorded in a conditionally healthy liver and lesions during percutaneous needle biopsy. The labeled data set was created on the basis of the recorded fluorescence results and the histopathological classification of the biopsies obtained. Several machine learning methods were trained using different separation strategies of the training test set, and their respective accuracy was compared.ResultsOur results show that each of the tumor types had its own characteristic metabolic shifts recorded by the time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The application of machine learning demonstrates a reliable separation of the liver and all tumor types into cancer and noncancer classes with sensitivity, specificity and corresponding accuracy greater than 0.91, 0.79 and 0.90, using the random forest method. We also show that our method is capable of giving a preliminary diagnosis of the type of liver tumor (primary malignant, metastases and benign tumors) with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of at least 0.80, 0.95 and 0.90.ConclusionsThese promising results highlight its potential as a key tool in the future development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for liver cancers. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2024. 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
18F‐Florzolotau PET Imaging Unveils Tau Pathology in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Tang Gan , Lu Jia‐Ying , Li Xin‐Yi , Yao Rui‐Xin , Yang Yu‐Jie , Jiao Fang‐Yang , Chen Ming‐Jia , Liang Xiao‐Niu , Ju Zi‐Zhao , Ge Jing‐Jie , Zhao Yi‐Xin , Shen Bo , Wu Ping , Sun Yi‐Min , Wu Jian‐Jun , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Zuo Chuantao , Wang Jian , Zhao Qian‐Hua , Zhang Hui‐Wei , Liu Feng‐Tao ,   Shanghai Memory Study (SMS) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Neuroimage Initiative (PSPNI)
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly exhibits a complex neuropathology, sharing characteristics with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including tau aggregates. However, studies using the 18F‐AV‐1451 tau tracer have shown inconsistent findings regarding both the extent and topographical distribution of tau pathology in DLB.ObjectivesOur aim was to elucidate the topographical patterns of tau deposition in DLB and to investigate the in vivo pathological distinction between DLB and AD in virtue of the 18F‐Florzolotau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled patients with DLB (n = 24), AD (n = 43), and cognitively healthy controls (n = 18). Clinical assessments and 18F‐Florzolotau PET imaging were performed. 18F‐Florzolotau binding was quantitatively assessed on PET images using standardized uptake value ratios and voxel‐wise analysis.Results18F‐Florzolotau PET imaging revealed widespread tau deposition across various cortical regions in DLB, uncovering heterogeneous topographical patterns. Among patients, 54.17% showed patterns similar to AD, whereas 16.67% exhibited distinct patterns. Compared to AD, DLB exhibited a unique in vivo neuropathological profile, characterized by a lower tau protein burden, heterogeneous topographical distributions, and a specific role of the medial temporal lobe in tau pathology.Conclusions18F‐Florzolotau PET imaging elucidated tau pathology patterns in DLB, providing valuable insights for future in vivo pathological differentiation and potential disease‐modifying therapies. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Newborn Screening for Isovaleric Acidemia: Treatment With Pivalate‐Generating Antibiotics Contributed to False C5‐Carnitine Positivity in a Chinese Population
Authors: Zhou Wei , Huang Ting , Li Huizhong , Gu Maosheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) for isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is implemented via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), but false‐positive results are still common. In addition, NBS for IVA is limited by a lack of suitable biomarkers, especially after the use of pivaloylester‐containing antibiotics.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the clinical correlation between antibiotic administration and false‐positive results for isovalerylcarnitine (C5).ResultsA total of 509,313 newborns were recruited from the initial NBS study, only one of whom underwent genetic confirmation, conducted between 2015 and 2020. Significant associations between false‐positive C5‐carnitine screening results and treatment with pivalate‐generating antibiotics were identified with retrospective analysis.ConclusionsThe current results highlight the detrimental effects of false‐positive C5‐carnitine screening results. Unless the licensing of pivalate‐generating antibiotics for use during the neonatal period is reconsidered, a second‐tier test for C5 determination will be necessary.
Gut Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolism in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Role for Food Homologous Plants
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Na , Shi Liuliu , Liu Rujuan , Zhu Ting 
Published: November 2024

ScopeThe intestinal flora is involved in the maintenance of human health and the development of diseases, and is closely related to the brain. As an essential amino acid, tryptophan (TRP) participates in a variety of physiological functions in the body and affects the growth and health of the human body. TRP catabolites produced by the gut microbiota are important signaling molecules for microbial communities and host–microbe interactions, and play an important role in maintaining health and disease pathogenesis.Methods and resultsThe review first demonstrates the evidence of TRP metabolism in stroke and the relationship between gut microbiota and TRP metabolism. Furthermore, the review reveals that food homologous plants (FHP) bioactive compounds have been shown to regulate various metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota, including the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and vitamin B6 metabolism. The most notable metabolic alteration is in TRP metabolism.ConclusionThe interaction between gut microbiota and TRP metabolism offers a plausible explanation for the notable bioactivities of FHP in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). This review enhances the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms associated with the bioactivity of FHP on IS.
Romer‐EPTI: Rotating‐view motion‐robust super‐resolution EPTI for SNR‐efficient distortion‐free in‐vivo mesoscale diffusion MRI and microstructure imaging
Authors: Dong Zijing , Reese Timothy G. , Lee Hong‐Hsi , Huang Susie Y. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Wald Lawrence L. , Wang Fuyixue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo overcome the major challenges in diffusion MRI (dMRI) acquisition, including limited SNR, distortion/blurring, and susceptibility to motion artifacts.Theory and MethodsA novel Romer‐EPTI technique is developed to achieve SNR‐efficient acquisition while providing distortion‐free imaging, minimal spatial blurring, high motion robustness, and simultaneous multi‐TE imaging. It introduces a ROtating‐view Motion‐robust supEr‐Resolution technique (Romer) combined with a distortion/blurring‐free Echo Planar Time‐resolved Imaging (EPTI) readout. Romer enhances SNR through simultaneous multi‐thick‐slice acquisition with rotating‐view encoding, while providing high motion‐robustness via a high‐fidelity, motion‐aware super‐resolution reconstruction. Instead of EPI, the in‐plane encoding is performed using EPTI readout to prevent geometric distortion, T2/T2*‐blurring, and importantly, dynamic distortions that could introduce additional blurring/artifacts after super‐resolution reconstruction due to combining volumes with inconsistent geometries. This further improves effective spatial resolution and motion robustness. Additional developments include strategies to address slab‐boundary artifacts, achieve minimized TE and optimized readout for additional SNR gain, and increase robustness to strong phase variations at high b‐values.ResultsUsing Romer‐EPTI, we demonstrated distortion‐free whole‐brain mesoscale in‐vivo dMRI at both 3T (500‐μm isotropic [iso] resolution) and 7T (485‐μm iso resolution) for the first time. Motion experiments demonstrated the technique's motion robustness and its ability to obtain high‐resolution diffusion images in the presence of subject motion. Romer‐EPTI also demonstrated high SNR gain and robustness in high b‐value (b = 5000 s/mm2) and time‐dependent dMRI.ConclusionThe high SNR efficiency, improved image quality, and motion robustness of Romer‐EPTI make it a highly efficient acquisition for high‐resolution dMRI and microstructure imaging.
Evaluation of an integrated variable flip angle protocol to estimate coil B1 for hyperpolarized MRI
Authors: Yeung Kylie , Ng Kher Lik , McGing Jordan J. , Axford Aaron , Birkhoelzer Sarah , Shinozaki Ayaka , Ricchi Mattia , Sgambelluri Noemi , Zaccagna Fulvio , Mills Rebecca , Lewis Andrew J. M. , Rayner Jennifer J. , Ravetz Zack , Berner Lise , Jacob Kenneth , McIntyre Anthony , Durrant Marianne , Rider Oliver J. , Schulte Rolf F. , Gleeson Fergus V. , Tyler Damian J. , Grist James T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work is to validate a simple and versatile integrated variable flip angle (VFA) method for mapping B1 in hyperpolarized MRI, which can be used to correct signal variations due to coil inhomogeneity.Theory and MethodsSimulations were run to assess performance of the VFA B1 mapping method compared to the currently used constant flip angle (CFA) approach. Simulation results were used to inform the design of VFA sequences, validated in four volunteers for hyperpolarized xenon‐129 imaging of the lungs and another four volunteers for hyperpolarized carbon‐13 imaging of the human brain. B1 maps obtained were used to correct transmit and receive inhomogeneity in the images.ResultsSimulations showed improved performance of the VFA approach over the CFA approach with reduced sensitivity to T1. For xenon‐129, the B1 maps accurately reflected the variation of signal depolarization, but in some cases could not be used to correct for coil receive inhomogeneity due to a lack of transmit‐receive reciprocity resulting from suboptimal coil positioning. For carbon‐13, the B1 maps showed good agreement with a separately acquired B1 map of a phantom and were effectively used to correct coil‐induced signal inhomogeneity.ConclusionA simple, versatile, and effective VFA B1 mapping method was implemented and evaluated. Inclusion of the B1 mapping method in hyperpolarized imaging studies can enable more robust signal quantification.
An Anatomical Pathogenesis for Science and Surgery of the Working Group's Recommendations for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Petros Peter E. P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo provide a brief anatomical pathogenesis of the Working Group SUI publication recommendations.Methods and ResultsThe anatomical science and surgical practice presented here formed the original basis for the MUS and other bladder dysfunctions, updated to 2024 with videos: https://atm.amegroups.org/issue/view/1400. Bladder control is binary, from outside the bladder, with ONLY two modes, EITHER closed (continence) OR open (micturition). The key concept for surgical repair of stress (SUI) and other types of urinary dysfunctions, is the role of three balanced oppositely‐acting muscle forces which contract against PUL (pubourethral ligament) and USL (uterosacral ligaments) to close urethra, open it before evacuation and stretch vagina to prevent premature activation of micturition, perceived as “urge to go.” Collagen‐induced weakness in PUL or USL may cause dysfunction in all three of these activities, which can be improved or cured by collagen‐creating ligament repair techniques (e.g., slings). It is important to diagnose Tethered Vagina Syndrome (TVS), iatrogenic scarring at bladder neck, much more frequent since large vaginal mesh implantation. TVS is often confused with SUI, as its cardinal symptom is massive urine loss with the “effort” of getting out of bed. Sling surgery worsens TVS as it adds more scar. Vaginal skin graft is required to restore elasticity and continence.Conclusions“Anatomical defects in binary control may cause SUI, retention or urge,” and are potentially repairable. With regard to SUI, “a normal PUL does not lengthen during effort.”
The Psychologically Rich Life Questionnaire in China
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Davey Gareth , Wan Xiangxing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTResearch on psychological richness in China and in adolescents is limited. We validated the 17‐item Psychologically Rich Life Questionnaire in a sample of 1794 Chinese high school students. Internal consistency was adequate, and a two‐factor structure was found.
Psyllid‐mite interactions promote psyllid fecundity by selecting for a different life history
Authors: Wu Pengxiang , Xu Jiaqi , Fu Ruchen , Lin Qiaoling , Liu Chang , Wang Yanan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn interspecific competitive interactions at the same trophic level, herbivores are often hypothesized to exhibit a fast life‐history strategy characterized by early reproduction and a short lifespan. Here, we analyzed the shift in life history of the psyllid Bactericera gobica when it interacts with the aphid Aphis gossypii, the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, or the mite Aceria pallida in similar ecological niches because all of them cause damage to goji berry leaves.RESULTSWe found that psyllids displayed a typical fast life history when interacting with aphids and thrips. Psyllids that interacted with mites also reproduced earlier than those without any interactions, but later than those interacting with aphids and thrips. Trophic competition typically led to a loss of fecundity in psyllids. To mitigate this loss, psyllids that interacted with mites allocated more resources to reproduction compared to those interacting with aphids and thrips, resulting in their reproduction being spread over a longer lifespan. This life history can be best described as a bet‐hedging strategy.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that interspecific interactions cannot be solely explained by invoking faster life histories. Instead, the shift in life history may converge towards a finely‐tuned match between interacting species. Interactions between psyllids and mites increase psyllid fecundity, potentially promoting the persistence of both species. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
RNAi‐based transgenic maize to control double‐spotted leaf beetle (Monolepta hieroglyphica)
Authors: Wang Fahao , Zhou Kangdi , Yu Yifan , Peng Luyao , Ye Yuxuan , Lin Chaoyang , Xu Chao , Shen Zhicheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe double‐spotted leaf beetle (DLB), Monolepta hieroglyphica, is becoming a significant corn pest in China. It mainly attacks corn silk and developing kernels during the adult stage and is causing significant corn yield loss in north‐eastern China. The damage caused by DLB is expected to worsen as pesticide usage is likely to decrease along with the upcoming commercial planting of transgenic lepidopteran‐resistant maize in China. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop transgenic corn for DLB resistance.RESULTSThree target genes, MhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A were cloned from DLB by their sequence similarity to their corresponding homologous genes known for their effectiveness as RNA interference (RNAi) targets in western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Injection of the double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of MhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A to DLB adults was highly effective to suppress the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of these genes and resulted in high mortality. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed among the dsRNAs of these three target genes. Transgenic maize plants simultaneously transcribing dsRNAs of any two of the three target genes were found to be highly resistant to DLB adults, showcasing the potential of utilizing RNAi‐based strategy for transgenic DLB control.CONCLUSIONMhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A are effective RNAi target genes and transgenic corn based on suppression of these genes by RNAi are effective for controlling adult DLB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Linalool fumigation improves mating competitiveness of males for population suppression of the global fruit pest Cydia pomonella
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Wang , Wang Peng‐Cheng , Wang Yan , Wang Jie‐Qiong , Gao Ping , Ji Qing‐E , Yang Xue‐Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven effective in the area‐wide suppression of several significant agricultural and sanitary pests by using traditional cobalt‐60 (60Co‐γ) as a radiation source. Recently, X‐ray has been validated as a feasible alternative to 60Co‐γ radiation sources. Nonetheless, higher doses of X‐ray irradiation led to insect sterility but diminish mating competitiveness, thereby impacting the effectiveness of SIT applications.RESULTSIn this study, we assessed the impact of various X‐ray irradiation doses (ranging from 0 to 366 Gy) on the fecundity, fertility, and mating competitiveness of Cydia pomonella, a globally invasive fruit pest. Results demonstrated that the sterility rate of irradiated males increased with dose up to 200 Gy, then stabilized. Exposure to 200 Gy reduced male mating competitiveness, with competitiveness index (CI) values of 0.17 in the laboratory and 0.096 in the orchard. This decline is likely linked to the decreased expression of genes associated with sex pheromones recognition, such as CpomOR3a, CpomOR3b, and CpomOR5, post‐irradiation. Fumigation of linalool at varying concentrations (70, 83, and 96 μL/m3) enhanced mating competitiveness of males, particularly at moderate levels, possibly by restoring pheromones recognition. Implementation of repeated releases of sterilized males on a pilot scale led to a notable reduction in the population of C. pomonella in the field.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that fumigation with plant volatiles has the potential to mitigate male sterility induced by X‐ray irradiation, offering a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of SIT applications for the control of C. pomonella. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.