bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy Maintains Body Weight and Skeletal Muscle Better Than Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Sugiyama Masahiko , Oki Eiji , Ando Koji , Nakashima Yuichiro , Saeki Hiroshi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) is performed as a function‐preserving surgery for patients with early proximal gastric malignant tumors; however, whether LPG has advantages postoperatively compared with laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) is debatable, especially with regard to nutritional outcomes.MethodsWe evaluated 20 patients who underwent LTG and 10 patients who underwent LPG with double tract reconstruction (LPG‐DT) who were diagnosed preoperatively with T1a or T1b N0 Stage IA gastric cancer in our department in the same time period. The statistical relevance of complications, surgical maneuvers, clinical factors and changes in weight, skeletal muscle index (SMI) and serum albumin levels after surgery was compared between the LPG‐DT group and the LTG group.ResultsNo differences between groups were observed in patient demographics, operation time, blood loss, complications, number of dissected lymph nodes and pathological stage. The body weight reduction rate was significantly lower in the LPG‐DT group compared with the LTG group at 6 months (5.7 vs. 14.9%, respectively; p = 0.0045) and 1 year after surgery (9.6 vs. 17.9%, respectively; p = 0.0042). The SMI reduction rate of the LPG‐DT group in the first postoperative year was significantly lower than that of the LTG group (9.3 vs. 18.3%, respectively; p = 0.0057).ConclusionsPatients with early gastric cancer who underwent LPG‐DT had acceptable morbidity and mortality, similar to those who underwent LTG. Body weight and SMI reduction rates were lower in the LPG‐DT group than in the LTG group. Thus, LPG‐DT is an appropriate procedure for patients with clinical Stage IA proximal gastric cancer.
Land Surface Cooling Induced by Sulfate Geoengineering Constrained by Major Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Plazzotta Maxime , Séférian Roland , Douville Hervé , Kravitz Ben , Tjiputra Jerry 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSolar radiation management by stratospheric aerosol injection (SRM‐SAI) has been proposed as a possible method to counteract anthropogenic global warming, with climate models suggesting it could reduce substantially global temperature and associated impacts. Its effectiveness as simulated by Earth system models exhibits, however, large uncertainties, implying high risks for natural and human ecosystems. Here we identify an emergent relationship linking the long‐term global land surface cooling due to SRM‐SAI and the short‐term cooling following the twentieth century major volcanic eruptions across an Earth system models ensemble. This emergent relationship, combined with observations and reanalysis data, is used to constrain the global land surface temperature (LT) response to reduced downward solar radiation. Based on these constraints, we find a mean decrease in land surface temperature of 0.44 K·W−1·m2, 20% smaller than the unconstrained multimodel mean. This new estimate may affect how trade‐offs between cost, risk, and effectiveness of SRM‐SAI might be considered.
Observations of Local Positive Low Cloud Feedback Patterns and Their Role in Internal Variability and Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Yuan Tianle , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Platnick Steven E. , Meyer Kerry 
Published: April 2018

AbstractModeling studies have shown that cloud feedbacks are sensitive to the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, while cloud feedbacks themselves strongly influence the magnitude of SST anomalies. Observational counterparts to such patterned interactions are still needed. Here we show that distinct large‐scale patterns of SST and low‐cloud cover (LCC) emerge naturally from objective analyses of observations and demonstrate their close coupling in a positive local SST‐LCC feedback loop that may be important for both internal variability and climate change. The two patterns that explain the maximum amount of covariance between SST and LCC correspond to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, leading modes of multidecadal internal variability. Spatial patterns and time series of SST and LCC anomalies associated with both modes point to a strong positive local SST‐LCC feedback. In many current climate models, our analyses suggest that SST‐LCC feedback strength is too weak compared to observations. Modeled local SST‐LCC feedback strength affects simulated internal variability so that stronger feedback produces more intense and more realistic patterns of internal variability. To the extent that the physics of the local positive SST‐LCC feedback inferred from observed climate variability applies to future greenhouse warming, we anticipate significant amount of delayed warming because of SST‐LCC feedback when anthropogenic SST warming eventually overwhelm the effects of internal variability that may mute anthropogenic warming over parts of the ocean. We postulate that many climate models may be underestimating both future warming and the magnitude of modeled internal variability because of their weak SST‐LCC feedback.
Mutual inhibition between HDAC9 and miR-17 regulates osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells in inflammatory conditions
Authors: Li Liya , Liu Wenjia , Wang Hong , Yang Qianjuan , Zhang Liqiang , Jin Fang , Jin Yan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDAC) plays important roles in the post-translational modifications of histone cores as well as non-histone targets. Many of them are involved in key inflammatory processes. Despite their importance, whether and how HDAC9 is regulated under inflammatory conditions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HDAC9 under chronic inflammation condition in human periodontal ligament stromal cell (PDLSCs) and to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism. PDLSCs from healthy or periodontitis human tissue was compared. The therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors was determined in PDLSC pellet transplanted nude mice and LPS-induced rat periodontitis. We report that HDAC9 was the most affected HDAC family member under inflammatory conditions in PDLSCs. HDAC9 impaired osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs under inflammatory conditions. Downregulation of HDAC9 by HDAC inhibitors or si-HDAC9 rescued the osteogenic differentiation capacity of inflammatory PDLSC to a similar level with the healthy PDLSC. In this context, HDAC9 and miR-17 formed an inhibitory loop. The inhibition of miR-17 aggravated loss of calcified nodules in inflamed PDLSCs and interrupted the effect of HDAC inhibitor in rescuing osteogenesis. In vivo experiments using nude mice and LPS-induced periodontitis model confirmed that HDAC inhibitors could improve new bone formation. We conclude that HDAC inhibitors improved osteogenesis of PDLSCs in vitro and periodontitis in vivo.
Targeting the miR-665-3p-ATG4B-autophagy axis relieves inflammation and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Li Zhenlu , Wang Guangzhi , Feng Dongcheng , Zu Guo , Li Yang , Shi Xue , Zhao Yan , Jing Huirong , Ning Shili , Le Weidong , Yao Jihong , Tian Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAutophagy is an essential cytoprotective response against pathologic stresses that selectively degrades damaged cellular components. Impaired autophagy contributes to organ injury in multiple diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but the exact mechanism by which impaired autophagy is regulated remains unclear. Several researchers have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate autophagy by targeting autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Therefore, the effect of ATG-related miRNAs on I/R remains a promising research avenue. In our study, we found that autophagy flux is impaired during intestinal I/R. A miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-665-3p was highly expressed in the I/R group, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Then, we predicted and proved that miR-665-3p negatively regulates ATG4B expression in Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells. In ileum biopsy samples from patients with intestinal infarction, there was an inverse correlation between miR-665-3p and ATG4B expression, which supports the in vitro findings. Moreover, based on miR-665-3p regulation of autophagy in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro, gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the therapeutic potential of miR-665-3p. Additionally, we provide evidence that ATG4B is indispensable for protection upon inhibition of miR-665-3p. Finally, we observed that locked nucleic acid-modified inhibition of miR-665-3p in vivo alleviates I/R-induced systemic inflammation and apoptosis via recovery of autophagic flux. Our study highlights miR-665-3p as a novel small molecule that regulates autophagy by targeting ATG4B, suggesting that miR-665-3p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach against inflammation and apoptosis for the clinical treatment of intestinal I/R.
ECD promotes gastric cancer metastasis by blocking E3 ligase ZFP91-mediated hnRNP F ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Xu Song-Hui , Zhu Song , Wang Yanjie , Huang Jin-Zhou , Chen Min , Wu Qing-Xia , He Yu-Tian , Chen De , Yan Guang-Rong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe human ortholog of the Drosophila ecdysoneless gene (ECD) is required for embryonic development and cell-cycle progression; however, its role in cancer progression and metastasis remains unclear. Here, we found that ECD is frequently overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC), especially in metastatic GC, and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in GC patients. Silencing ECD inhibited GC migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, while ECD overexpression promoted GC migration and invasion. ECD promoted GC invasion and metastasis by protecting hnRNP F from ubiquitination and degradation. We identified ZFP91 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for hnRNP F ubiquitination at Lys 185 and proteasomal degradation. ECD competitively bound to hnRNP F via the N-terminal STG1 domain (13-383aa), preventing hnRNP F from interacting with ZFP91, thus preventing ZFP91-mediated hnRNP F ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings indicate that ECD promotes cancer invasion and metastasis by preventing E3 ligase ZFP91-mediated hnRNP F ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting that ECD may be a marker for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for GC patients.
Warm/cool-tone switchable thermochromic material for smart windows by orthogonally integrating properties of pillar[6]arene and ferrocene
Authors: Wang Sai , Xu Zuqiang , Wang Tingting , Xiao Tangxin , Hu Xiao-Yu , Shen Ying-Zhong , Wang Leyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctional materials play a vital role in the fabrication of smart windows, which can provide a more comfortable indoor environment for humans to enjoy a better lifestyle. Traditional materials for smart windows tend to possess only a single functionality with the purpose of regulating the input of solar energy. However, different color tones also have great influences on human emotions. Herein, a strategy for orthogonal integration of different properties is proposed, namely the thermo-responsiveness of ethylene glycol-modified pillar[6]arene (EGP6) and the redox-induced reversible color switching of ferrocene/ferrocenium groups are orthogonally integrated into one system. This gives rise to a material with cooperative and non-interfering dual functions, featuring both thermochromism and warm/cool tone-switchability. Consequently, the obtained bifunctional material for fabricating smart windows can not only regulate the input of solar energy but also can provide a more comfortable color tone to improve the feelings and emotions of people in indoor environments.
Spatiotemporal manipulation of ciliary glutamylation reveals its roles in intraciliary trafficking and Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Hong Shi-Rong , Wang Cuei-Ling , Huang Yao-Shen , Chang Yu-Chen , Chang Ya-Chu , Pusapati Ganesh V. , Lin Chun-Yu , Hsu Ning , Cheng Hsiao-Chi , Chiang Yueh-Chen , Huang Wei-En , Shaner Nathan C. , Rohatgi Rajat , Inoue Takanari , Lin Yu-Chun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur spatiotemporally throughout cells and are suggested to be involved in a wide range of cellular activities. However, the complexity and dynamic distribution of tubulin PTMs within cells have hindered the understanding of their physiological roles in specific subcellular compartments. Here, we develop a method to rapidly deplete tubulin glutamylation inside the primary cilia, a microtubule-based sensory organelle protruding on the cell surface, by targeting an engineered deglutamylase to the cilia in minutes. This rapid deglutamylation quickly leads to altered ciliary functions such as kinesin-2-mediated anterograde intraflagellar transport and Hedgehog signaling, along with no apparent crosstalk to other PTMs such as acetylation and detyrosination. Our study offers a feasible approach to spatiotemporally manipulate tubulin PTMs in living cells. Future expansion of the repertoire of actuators that regulate PTMs may facilitate a comprehensive understanding of how diverse tubulin PTMs encode ciliary as well as cellular functions.
Activity dependent LoNA regulates translation by coordinating rRNA transcription and methylation
Authors: Li Dingfeng , Zhang Juan , Wang Ming , Li Xiaohui , Gong Huarui , Tang Huiping , Chen Lin , Wan Lili , Liu Qiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ribosome is indispensable for precisely controlling the capacity of protein synthesis. However, how translational machinery is coordinated to meet the translational demands remains elusive. Here, we identify a nucleolar-specific lncRNA (LoNA), its 5′ portion binds and sequesters nucleolin to suppress rRNA transcription, and its snoRNA like 3′ end recruits and diminishes fibrillarin activity to reduce rRNA methylation. Activity-dependent decrease of LoNA leads to elevated rRNA and ribosome levels, an increased proportion of polysomes, mRNA polysome loading, and protein translation. In addition, transport of ribosomes to synapses is particularly promoted, resulting in increased levels of AMPA/NMDA receptor, enhanced synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation and consolidated memory. Strikingly, hippocampal LoNA deficiency not only enhances long-term memory in WT mice, but also restores impaired memory function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Together, these findings reveal the multifaceted role of LoNA in modulating ribosome biogenesis to meet the translational demands of long-term memory.
Widespread intronic polyadenylation diversifies immune cell transcriptomes
Authors: Singh Irtisha , Lee Shih-Han , Sperling Adam S. , Samur Mehmet K. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Munshi Nikhil C. , Mayr Christine , Leslie Christina S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlternative cleavage and polyadenylation (ApA) is known to alter untranslated region (3ʹUTR) length but can also recognize intronic polyadenylation (IpA) signals to generate transcripts that lose part or all of the coding region. We analyzed 46 3ʹ-seq and RNA-seq profiles from normal human tissues, primary immune cells, and multiple myeloma (MM) samples and created an atlas of 4927 high-confidence IpA events represented in these cell types. IpA isoforms are widely expressed in immune cells, differentially used during B-cell development or in different cellular environments, and can generate truncated proteins lacking C-terminal functional domains. This can mimic ectodomain shedding through loss of transmembrane domains or alter the binding specificity of proteins with DNA-binding or protein–protein interaction domains. MM cells display a striking loss of IpA isoforms expressed in plasma cells, associated with shorter progression-free survival and impacting key genes in MM biology and response to lenalidomide.
Increased proteasomal activity supports photoreceptor survival in inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Lobanova Ekaterina S. , Finkelstein Stella , Li Jing , Travis Amanda M. , Hao Ying , Klingeborn Mikael , Skiba Nikolai P. , Deshaies Raymond J. , Arshavsky Vadim Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInherited retinal degenerations, affecting more than 2 million people worldwide, are caused by mutations in over 200 genes. This suggests that the most efficient therapeutic strategies would be mutation independent, i.e., targeting common pathological conditions arising from many disease-causing mutations. Previous studies revealed that one such condition is an insufficiency of the ubiquitin–proteasome system to process misfolded or mistargeted proteins in affected photoreceptor cells. We now report that retinal degeneration in mice can be significantly delayed by increasing photoreceptor proteasomal activity. The largest effect is observed upon overexpression of the 11S proteasome cap subunit, PA28α, which enhanced ubiquitin-independent protein degradation in photoreceptors. Applying this strategy to mice bearing one copy of the P23H rhodopsin mutant, a mutation frequently encountered in human patients, quadruples the number of surviving photoreceptors in the inferior retina of 6-month-old mice. This striking therapeutic effect demonstrates that proteasomes are an attractive target for fighting inherited blindness.
Tailoring supercurrent confinement in graphene bilayer weak links
Authors: Kraft Rainer , Mohrmann Jens , Du Renjun , Selvasundaram Pranauv Balaji , Irfan Muhammad , Kanilmaz Umut Nefta , Wu Fan , Beckmann Detlef , von Löhneysen Hilbert , Krupke Ralph , Akhmerov Anton , Gornyi Igor , Danneau Romain 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Josephson effect is one of the most studied macroscopic quantum phenomena in condensed matter physics and has been an essential part of the quantum technologies development over the last decades. It is already used in many applications such as magnetometry, metrology, quantum computing, detectors or electronic refrigeration. However, developing devices in which the induced superconductivity can be monitored, both spatially and in its magnitude, remains a serious challenge. In this work, we have used local gates to control confinement, amplitude and density profile of the supercurrent induced in one-dimensional nanoscale constrictions, defined in bilayer graphene-hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructures. The combination of resistance gate maps, out-of-equilibrium transport, magnetic interferometry measurements, analytical and numerical modelling enables us to explore highly tunable superconducting weak links. Our study opens the path way to design more complex superconducting circuits based on this principle, such as electronic interferometers or transition-edge sensors.
Controlled mechanical assembly of complex 3D mesostructures and strain sensors by tensile buckling
Authors: Guo Xiaogang , Wang Xueju , Ou Dapeng , Ye Jilong , Pang Wenbo , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. , Zhang Yihui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent research establishes methods of controlled mechanical assembly as versatile routes to three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures from patterned 2D films, with demonstrated applicability to a broad range of materials (e.g., semiconductors, polymers, metals, and their combinations) and length scales (e.g., from sub-microscale to centimeter scale). Previously reported schemes use pre-stretched elastomeric substrates as assembly platforms to induce compressive buckling of 2D precursor structures, thereby enabling their controlled transformation into 3D architectures. Here, we introduce tensile buckling as a different, complementary strategy that bypasses the need for a pre-stretched platform, thereby simplifying the assembly process and opening routes to additional classes of 3D geometries unobtainable with compressive buckling. A few basic principles in mechanics serve as guidelines for the design of 2D precursor structures that achieve large out-of-plane motions and associated 3D transformations due to tensile buckling. Experimental and computational studies of nearly 20 examples demonstrate the utility of this approach in the assembly of complex 3D mesostructures with characteristic dimensions from micron to millimeter scales. The results also establish the use of nonlinear mechanics modeling as a mechanism for designing systems that yield desired 3D geometries. A strain sensor that offers visible readout and large detectable strain range through a collection of mechanically triggered electrical switches and LEDs serves as an application example.
Potential Protective Effect of Osteocalcin in Middle-Aged Men with Erectile Dysfunction: Evidence from the FAMHES Project
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Jie , Liao Jinling , Hu Yanling , Zhang Haiying , Yang Xiaobo , Wang Qiuyan , Mo Zengnan , Cheng Jiwen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn a similar manner to erectile dysfunction (ED), osteocalcin (OC) is also said to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the effect of OC in ED is unclear. This study was conducted based on the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES) project that ran between September and December 2009. ED was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). OC was shown to be associated with mild (unadjusted: OR = 0.647; P = 0.016) or moderate (unadjusted: OR = 0.453; P = 0.007) ED. Meanwhile, higher OC levels were more prominently associated with ED (unadjusted: OR = 0.702; P = 0.014). When subdividing the groups by age, the correlation between OC and ED presented in those aged 40–49 years, even in the multi-adjusted model, for those with moderate (OR = 0.255, P = 0.044) and severe (OR = 0.065, P = 0.005) ED. The relationship between OC and ED was also associated with a high level of testosterone, non-obesity, drinking, and non-metabolic syndrome. In summary, OC may play a protective role in middle-aged (40–49 years) men with moderate-severe ED, especially those with a high level of testosterone, non-obesity, drinking, and non-metabolic syndrome.
A Comparison of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Thiosulfinate Analogues of Allicin
Authors: Leontiev Roman , Hohaus Nils , Jacob Claus , Gruhlke Martin C. H. , Slusarenko Alan J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAllicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a defence molecule from garlic (Allium sativumL.) with broad antimicrobial activities in the low µM range against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including antibiotic resistant strains, and fungi. Allicin reacts with thiol groups and can inactivate essential enzymes. However, allicin is unstable at room temperature and antimicrobial activity is lost within minutes upon heating to >80 °C. Allicin’s antimicrobial activity is due to the thiosulfinate group, so we synthesized a series of allicin analogues and tested their antimicrobial properties and thermal stability. Dimethyl-, diethyl-, diallyl-, dipropyl- and dibenzyl-thiosulfinates were synthesized and testedin vitroagainst bacteria and the model fungusSaccharomyces cerevisiae, human and plant cells in culture andArabidopsisroot growth. The more volatile compounds showed significant antimicrobial properties via the gas phase. A chemogenetic screen with selected yeast mutants showed that the mode of action of the analogues was similar to that of allicin and that the glutathione pool and glutathione metabolism were of central importance for resistance against them. Thiosulfinates differed in their effectivity against specific organisms and some were thermally more stable than allicin. These analogues could be suitable for applications in medicine and agriculture either singly or in combination with other antimicrobials.