bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzofuroxan‐Based Energetic Materials with Alternating Nitro and Hydroxyl Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties
Authors: Tiwari Atharva , Pandey Krishna , Das Priyanka , Ghule Vikas D. , Kumar Dheeraj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to its good stability, density and oxygen balance, the benzofuroxan fused ring framework has attracted particular attention in the field of high energy density materials. The planar structure of the benzofuroxan facilitates the straightforward derivatization with explosophores and contributes to molecular stability. In this work, a benzofuroxan scaffold was utilized to develop a highly dense energetic material, namely 5,7‐dihydroxy‐4,6‐dinitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1‐oxide (DHDNBF). The successive inclusion of explosophores like nitro (−NO2) and oxidative functionality like hydroxyl (−OH) on benzofuroxan resulted in an impressive density (ρ=1.91 g cm−3) and a positive oxygen balance (6.20 %) in DHDNBF (2). Furthermore, the hydroxy groups on DHDNBF enable the formation of dicationic energetic salts 3–7, contributing to additional modifications in the overall performance. Energetic salts 3, 4, and 5 exhibit significantly higher densities ranging from 1.84 (5) to 1.87 (3) g cm−3 and possess a favorable oxygen balance approaching zero or equal to zero. A marked improvement in thermal stabilities was observed in all the energetic salts (3–7) compared to their neutral counterparts, DHDNBF. Energetic salts 4 (Dv=8459 m s−1, P=32.10 GPa) and 5 (Dv=8539 m s−1, P=30.37 GPa) possess good energetic performance, comparable to that of well‐known explosives such as LLM‐105 (Dv=8560 m s−1, P=33.4 GPa). Overall, the favorable characteristics of energetic salts 4 and 5 make them potential candidates for use as benzofuroxan‐based secondary and primary explosives, respectively, in various military and civilian applications.
Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Streaming Dielectrophoresis in Insulator‐Based Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Sheu Jerry , Seyler Sean L. , Fazlul Karim Rasel A. K. M. , Hayes Mark A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThere is tantalizing evidence that proteins can be accurately and selectively manipulated by higher order electric field effects within microfluidic devices. The accurate and precise manipulation of proteins in these platforms promises to disrupt and revolutionize many fields, most notably analytical biochemistry. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest much higher forces are generated compared to those calculated from traditional theories and those higher forces arise from subtle structural features of the proteins providing selectivity. New theories reflect some of the experimental evidence in the magnitude of the force predicted and inclusion of subtle structural features absent in traditional continuum theory. Unfortunately, the experimental evidence is largely exploratory in nature and lacks one or more important elements that prevents a clear interpretation and comparison to not only the other existing data, but also quantitative comparison to the evolving theoretical descriptions. Here, a clear and interpretable experimental system is presented that quantitatively determines the dielectrophoretic susceptibility of unlabeled, unaggregated native‐structure protein molecules that are exposed to modest electric fields (105–106 V/m) for short periods of time (∼5 ms) without significant increases in local concentration. The platform uses sub‐nanogram quantities of protein, the probed volume upon determination is a few picoliters, and the total analysis time is 10 s.
Sustainable development goals and the implications of business responsibility
Authors: Masanpally Meheresh , Bhattacharjee Titas , Butt Talib E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe world faces tremendous socio‐economic and environmental challenges, and to address these, the UN provides a global framework in the form of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which can also be applied to the business sector. India's BRR (Business Responsibility Report) system guides corporate sustainability; however, it lacks a clear alignment with the SDGs. In order to address this knowledge gap, this study creates a mapping system that can better align Indian companies' sustainability practices with the SDGs. The study, employing a hybrid methodology, conducts a sustainability content analysis with Critical Hermeneutic Analysis (CHA) to design and develop the mapping system incorporating SDGs and respective targets and indicators. The mapping system is applied to three Indian companies of different sizes. This demonstrates that the application is possible, although not being considered by the Indian business sector while using BRR. Through this mapping approach applied in the case of India, the study demonstrates the potential for replicability for SDG inclusion in other nations as well. In addition, the findings provide new insights for policymakers and business leaders to improve SDGs' integration in corporate reporting, promoting sustainable practices.
Mortality in older adults with epilepsy: An understudied entity
Authors: Hashmi Syeda Amrah , Gundlapalli Rithvik , Zawar Ifrah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the recognition of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) and other risks of premature mortality in people with epilepsy (PWE), mortality in older PWE remains an understudied entity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted causes of premature mortality in older adults with epilepsy and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to reduce mortality and enhance the quality of life in this vulnerable population. It underscores the heightened prevalence of epilepsy among older adults and the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to their mortality. Further, this paper delves into the nuances of diagnosing SUDEP in older adults and the underestimation of its incidence due to misclassification and lack of standardized protocols. Factors such as frailty, comorbidities, and the bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and conditions such as dementia and stroke further compound the mortality risks. Key factors, including status epilepticus, comorbid conditions (such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular events, and neurodegenerative disorders), and external causes like accidents, falls, and suicide, are discussed. It also examines the implications of anti‐seizure medications, particularly polypharmacy, and their adverse effects on this population. Future directions include implementing enhanced diagnostic protocols, developing treatment plans, and integrating real‐time monitoring technologies to reduce the risk of sudden death and multifaceted premature mortality in this patient population. Increasing awareness among healthcare providers and families about the risks and management of epilepsy in older adults, along with fostering collaborative research efforts, is essential to improve mortality outcomes.Plain Language SummaryThere is a heightened risk of mortality in older people with epilepsy due to many causes unique to their population. Despite the risk, Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy and early mortality in older adults with epilepsy are underestimated. Unique contributing factors include comorbid conditions like dementia, stroke, and frailty, adverse effects from polypharmacy, and increased risks of cardiovascular complications and external injuries such as falls and suicide. A careful consideration of all these factors can help mitigate the mortality in older adults with epilepsy.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Artificial Cores Saturated With Ice: An Analogical Simulation to Natural Gas Hydrate Bearing Sediments
Authors: Shen Kaixiang , Xie Wenwei , Yu Yanjiang , Wang Yingsheng , Wang Zizhen , Wang Xiaokang , Zhang Wensheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work takes the natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir in the Shenhu area at the South China Sea as the target. Using the quartz sand, calcite grains, and illite powder as the main mineral composites, and Portland cement as the bonding material, the host skeleton with similar porosity and mechanical properties to the target reservoir were prepared. Ice was used to simulate natural gas hydrates for their high similarity in mechanical properties and distributions within porous host. The ice saturation in the host skeleton is quantitatively controlled by the quality method. As an analogical simulation, artificial samples with different ice saturations were tested by uniaxial compression measurements and the Brazilian tensile tests, aiming to reveal the mechanical behavior of NGH sediments. The results indicated that the plasticity of the artificial sample increases and its damage form transitions from brittleness to ductility as the ice saturation increases. The effects of free water and ice on the strength of saturated samples are quite different. The free water tends to reduce the strength of the sample due to illite hydration and change of internal friction. The bonding effect of ice tends to increase the strength of the sample, while the ice could also reduce the internal friction. When the ice saturation is larger than 30%, the compressive and tensile strengths of the sample increase with ice saturation, which could be regressed as yc = 2.2628S + 0.8322, and yt = 0.411S + 0.0273, respectively. The constitutive model was developed based on the equivalent medium theory and the D‐P criterion, which could describe the experiment data well with deviations less than 10%.
RAMAN Analysis of Carbonaceous Material and Deduced Peak Metamorphic Temperatures of Metasediments From Western Himalaya, NW Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Nasir , Faisal Shah , Khan Asad , Rehman Hafiz U. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRaman spectroscopy of carbonaceous materials (RSCM) was applied to 10 carbonaceous material (CM) ‐rich low‐ to medium‐grade metasedimentary rock samples of Western Himalaya, Pakistan to assess their optimum thermal evolution. The RSCM thermometry is based on the degree of graphitisation of CM as a function of peak metamorphic temperature. Petrographic observations of the studied samples revealed two dominant CM morphologies. Type‐I CM, represented by fine‐grained discontinuous dust‐like and scattered to thin sporadic layers, was more prevalent in low‐grade metamorphic samples. Type‐II CM, corresponding to continuous and extended thick fibres and elongated grain constellations, was dominant in medium‐ to high‐grade metamorphic samples. The degree of crystallinity of CM and subsequent metamorphic temperatures were quantified by considering the intensity‐based R1 and the area‐based R2 ratio parameters. Low‐grade samples from the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS), having Type‐I CM, resulted in RSCM peak temperatures between 306°C and 403°C. Medium‐ to high‐grade samples from Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC), containing Type‐II CM, yielded peak temperatures in the 482°C–560°C range. The extremely deformed sample from a fault zone in the LHS produced relatively higher temperature of 403°C, thereby suggesting heat associated with shearing due to fault activities resulting in CM recrystallisation and elevated temperature values. The study revealed that the peak metamorphic temperatures increase from south towards north following a progressive path of metamorphism in the region.
A Rare Case of Ewing Sarcoma of the Left Ethmoid Sinus With Orbital Extension
Authors: Chen Xiaoxuan , Abraham‐Aggarwal Kiran , Kutler David I. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEwing sarcoma (ES) of the ethmoid sinus with orbital involvement in an adult is very rare, with 16 reported cases in the literature. Immunohistochemical studies show small blue round cells positive for CD99 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing reveals positivity for the EWSR1 gene.MethodsA 38‐year‐old male with a diagnosis of ES of the ethmoid sinus presented with left‐sided periorbital pain and edema, rhinorrhea, and proptosis. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection of the left skull base, and postoperative proton radiotherapy.ResultsThe patient tolerated chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant proton radiotherapy well with resolution of proptosis, diplopia, and pain. Due to local recurrence, he is currently undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionOur findings provide insight on the clinical presentation and appropriate management of extraosseous ES, specifically in the ethmoid sinus in the adult population.
Special Seepage Paths Among Nested Groundwater Flow Systems Linking Surface Water Bodies
Authors: Han Peng‐Fei , Zhan Hongbin , Wan Li , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Wang Jun‐Zhi , Jiang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA surface water body fed by groundwater is normally known as a terminal place of groundwater flow systems originating from precipitation recharge on highlands. The theory of Tóth predicted that these flow systems form a hierarchically nested structure of groundwater circulation in a composite basin. In this study, we will report new flow paths among groundwater flow systems that were unknown in Tóth's theory, identified as special seepage paths linking different surface water bodies. These seepage paths do not start from the groundwater table but can transmit water between lakes or streams that already serve as discharge zones of traditional local flow systems. As indicated in theoretical models and two real‐world cases, special seepage paths are developed if some parametric conditions are satisfied, especially when surface water bodies cut deeply below the water table or are large enough. Different surface water bodies or different river reaches can directly exchange water, chemicals and heat through deep seepage paths even when both surface and subsurface water divides exist between them. Special seepage paths may play a role in the regional scale hyporheic flow or contribute to inter‐basin groundwater flow. The knowledge of special seepage paths could greatly improve our conventional perception of surface water‐groundwater interaction, groundwater age and geochemical and heat transport at the river basin scale.
Estimation and Restoration of Dried Soil Layers in a Slope‐Gully Unit of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Dong Shuang , Fan Xiangguo , Li Tongchuan , Zhang Jingling , Jia Yuhua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDried soil layer (DSL) is a phenomenon of deep soil desiccation caused by soil water content (SWC) deficiency. Relevant studies in the fragmented terrain of Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) remain limited. In a typical slope‐gully unit near the Liudaogou catchment, SWC was measured using neutron probes on 19 occasions at 15 observational locations. In order to reveal the temporal stability and elimination degree of DSLs, available soil moisture (ASM) and DSL were estimated by representative sites which were determined through the temporal stability method, and the reliability of simulating mean condition of the study area via representative locations was assessed. Results show that: (1) the dynamics of DSL was characterised by complexity and diversity. The ASM within the DSL (DSL‐ASM), ASM within the sandwiched DSL (SDSL‐ASM) and quantitative index (QI) varied within the range of 2.75%–3.11%, 2.98%–4.22% and 0.254–0.356, respectively. (2) The possibility of development and recovery for DSL and SDSL in deep layers were less than that in shallow layers. The maximum depth of DSL (DSLMD) was significantly and negatively related to the standard deviation of relative difference (SDRD) of DSL‐ASM, the maximum depth of SDSL (SDSLMD) was negatively related to the SDRD of SDSL‐ASM. (3) The prediction results of ASM above 300 cm depth were more accurate than other layers (R2 = 0.89). The DSL‐ASM had more accurate ability of prediction than SDSL‐ASM and QI. On the analysis of time stability characteristics of ASM and DSLs, the locations of A2 and C3 can better represent the mean conditions of ASM at three and four soil layers, respectively. C2, A1 and A1 can better represent the average levels of DSL‐ASM, SDSL‐ASM and QI, respectively (R2 = 0.43, 0.14 and 0.18). (4) The restoration degrees of DSLs mainly showed no elimination and slight elimination, the DSLs cannot be completely eliminated within a short time. We proposed that scientific regulation of SWC can alleviate the formation and development of DSLs at a certain extent, and provide the possibility for DSLs nonoccurrence.
Hydrology on Solid Grounds? Integration Is Key to Closing Knowledge Gaps Concerning Landscape Subsurface Water Storage Dynamics
Authors: Oswald Sascha E. , Angermann Lisa , Bogena Heye R. , Förster Michael , García‐García Almudena , Lischeid Gunnar , Paton Eva N. , Altdorff Daniel , Attinger Sabine , Güntner Andreas , Hartmann Andreas , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan , Hildebrandt Anke , Kleinschmit Birgit , Orth Rene , Peng Jian , Ryo Masahiro , Schrön Martin , Wagner Wolfgang , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIndividual approaches to observe water dynamics across our landscape, from the land surface to groundwater, are many though they individually only provide glimpses into the real world due to their specific space–time scales. Comprehensive integration across all available observations is still largely lacking, limiting both our ability to reduce scientific knowledge gaps, and to guide land and water management using the best available scientific evidence. We argue that a stronger focus on integration of observational products, while utilising machine learning and accounting for current perceptual understanding is urgently needed to overcome this limitation. Since Europe is warming faster than any other continent, central Europe is undergoing a dramatic hydroclimatic transition about which such integrated observations would provide timely and valuable insights. Here, we present potential and gaps of current and planned observational methods. We argue that hyperresolution (sub km) integrated estimates of landscape water dynamics are feasible, which could significantly improve our ability to simulate vadose zone and groundwater dynamics, ultimately closing gaps in our current perception of hydrological processes in a temperate region under strong influence from climate change. We close by arguing that an interdisciplinary effort of various scientific communities is needed to enable this advancement.
Concentration‐Discharge Relationships Revisited: Overused But Underutilised?
Authors: Knapp Julia L. A. , Musolff Andreas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver the past 50 years, concentration‐discharge (cQ) relationships have been widely used to analyse water quality dynamics. Nowadays improved availability of concentration (c) and discharge (Q) data at different spatial and temporal scales have led to a high popularity of cQ applications. However, despite their widespread use, we see persistent challenges in the integration of cQ relationships across temporal scales, and in the identification of the encoded processes. In this commentary, we show that different catchment processes may lead to similar cQ responses resulting in a lack of clear causality. We emphasise that cQ relationships applied at different time scales integrate different parts of the catchment and may, therefore, convey different information. Finally, we advocate for the careful use of cQ relationship as one, but not the only, tool in addressing ecohydrological questions.
Assimilation of Satellite Albedo to Improve Simulations of Glacier Hydrology
Authors: Bertoncini André , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWildfires and heatwaves have recently affected the hydrological system in unprecedented ways due to climate change. In cold regions, these extremes cause rapid reductions in snow and ice albedo due to soot deposition and unseasonal melt. Snow and ice albedo dynamics control net shortwave radiation and the available energy for melt and runoff generation. Many albedo algorithms in hydrological models cannot accurately simulate albedo dynamics because they were developed or parameterised based on historical observations. Remotely sensed albedo data assimilation (DA) can potentially improve model performance by updating modelled albedo with observations. This study seeks to diagnose the effects of remotely sensed snow and ice albedo DA on the prediction of streamflow from glacierized basins during wildfires and heatwaves. Sentinel‐2 20‐m albedo estimates were assimilated into a glacio‐hydrological model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling Platform (CRHM) in two Canadian Rockies glacierized basins, Athabasca Glacier Research Basin (AGRB) and Peyto Glacier Research Basin (PGRB). The study was conducted in 2018 (wildfires), 2019 (soot/algae), 2020 (normal) and 2021 (heatwaves). DA was employed to assimilate albedo into CRHM to simulate streamflow and was compared to a control run (CTRL) using off‐the‐shelf albedo parameters. Albedo DA benefited streamflow predictions during wildfires for both basins, with a KGE coefficient improvement of 0.18 and 0.20 in AGRB and PGRB, respectively. Four‐year DA streamflow predictions were superior to CTRL in PGRB, but DA was slightly better in AGRB. DA was not beneficial to streamflow predictions during heatwaves. DA improved streamflow predictions by decreasing positive bias, showing that albedo DA can reveal unknown albedo and snowpack dynamics in remote glacier zones that are poorly simulated in models. These findings corroborate the power of observational tools to incorporate near real‐time information into hydrological models to better inform water managers of the streamflow response to wildfires and heatwaves.
Wildfire Impacts for Temperature Index Snowpack Model Parameters
Authors: Giovando Jeremy , Niemann Jeffrey D. , Fassnacht Steven R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStreamflow derived from snowmelt is a key source of water for communities and agricultural producers in the western U.S. As wildfires become larger and more frequent in the West (due in part to climate change), it is increasingly important to understand their potential impacts on snowpack. Temperature‐index models remain widely used to simulate snowpack in post‐wildfire assessments due to their low data requirements. However, there is limited information on how the key parameters of such models change due to wildfires. The objectives of this study are to (1) quantify the observed changes in the melt‐rate function and the rain‐snow temperature threshold due to wildfires and (2) develop methods to adjust the melt‐rate function and rain‐snow temperature threshold (or Px Temperature) to simulate the potential impacts of wildfires on snowpack. To accomplish these goals, snow water equivalent data from 42 SNOTEL sites that have been impacted by wildfire are used to estimate the changes in the melt‐rate functions and Px Temperatures between the pre‐and post‐wildfire periods. Then, general linear models (GLMs) are developed to estimate the changes in the model parameters based on readily available topographic, climatic, and land cover information. The results indicate that late season melt‐rates typically increase after a wildfire for sites in northern and central ecoregions of the western U.S. Px Temperature also changes for many sites, but the direction and magnitude of change is highly variable between sites. Nearly all the GLMs can estimate the observed parameter changes better than simply using the average observed changes. However, substantial variation in the parameter values is not explained by the GLMs.