bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense of Time in A. Akhmatova’s and T.S. Eliot’s Latter Poetry (Comparative Analysis of Poem Without a Hero and Four Quartets)
Authors: Kurasova Anna 
Published: March 2018

Anna Akhmatova and Thomas Stearns Eliot are considered among the most influential representatives of Modernism, Eliot - in Anglo-American Literature, and Akhmatova – in Russian. Modernism emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, seeking to point out people's failure to maintain a culture based on spiritual values, an idea that was central to the works of Eliot and Akhmatova. By analysing and contrasting their last major poems, Four Quartets and Poem Without a Hero, this paper aims to present Eliot’s and Akhmatova’s perception of time and modernity. Faced with the tragedy of World War II, Eliot and Akhmatova turned to reflecting on notions of time and history. Despite the differences in the poets’ experiences, mentality, and background, Four Quartets and Poem Without a Hero bear a resemblance to each other in many respects and express the common for Akhmatova and Eliot perception of time. The poets saw time as a complex continuum, in which every element has its place and persistently interacts with all the other elements; thus, the past is present in our lives today and shapes our destiny. Therefore, history is not simply a sequence of past events unrelated to the present, but rather an active creator of every moment of our present lives. Establishing the immutable connection between the past, the present, and the future, the poets remind their readers of the notions of sin, guilt and responsibility. The poets also shared an attitude towards modernity, which they saw as a time of lost people who deny their past and for that reason will have no future unless they change. Therefore, in the face of eternity, which is wiser than we are capable of seeing, all that remains for humanity is acceptance and humility.
The Poetic Innovation in the Poetry of Ahmed Hijazi
Authors: S. Sultan Sabbar 
Published: March 2018

The contemporary Egyptian poet, critic, editor and convener of many conferences and cultural committees Ahmed Abdul Mu'tiHijazirepresents a case of dispute and discussion thanks to the selection of the material of his poems as well as the distinct shape and innovative aspects of his verse. As will be shown in the following pages,Hijazi's version of poetic modernism is devoid of mythology, intersexuality and deliberate obfuscation or self-indulgence. Every word in his poem is aligned in a seamless mosaic that eventually succeeds in conveying the poet's message in clear and lucid but highly suggestive discourse. It is this particular side of his verse that will be highlighted in the present study.
Acceleration of Brain Atrophy and Progression From Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Uchida Yuto , Nishimaki Kei , Soldan Anja , Moghekar Abhay , Albert Marilyn , Oishi Kenichi 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceIt remains unclear which risk factors accelerate brain atrophy along with a progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).ObjectiveTo examine risk factors associated with the acceleration of brain atrophy and progression from normal cognition to MCI based on long-term longitudinal data for middle-aged and older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData for this cohort study were extracted from the Biomarkers for Older Controls at Risk for Dementia (BIOCARD) cohort, initiated at the National Institutes of Health from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2005, and continued at Johns Hopkins University from January 1, 2015, to October 31, 2023. All participants were cognitively normal at baseline. The participants whose structural magnetic brain imaging (MRI) of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures were available for over 10 years were included.ExposuresLongitudinal structural MRI of the brain and measurement of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer disease pathology (ratio of amyloid β peptide 42 [Aβ42] to Aβ40, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, and total tau).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual change rates of segmental brain volumes, Kaplan-Meier survival curves plotting time to event for progression to MCI symptom onset, and hazard ratios (HRs) determined by Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsA total of 185 participants (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [8.4] years; 116 women [63%]) were included and followed up for a maximum of 27 years (median, 20 [IQR, 18-22] years). The groups with high levels of atrophy in the white matter and enlargement in the ventricles had an earlier progression from normal cognition to MCI symptom onset (HR for white matter, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.24-2.49]; P = .001; HR for ventricles, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.19-2.24]; P = .009). Diabetes was associated with progression to MCI (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.06-1.76]; P = .04), as was a low CSF Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio (HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.09-1.88]; P = .04), and their combination had a higher HR of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.13-1.98]; P = .03), indicating a synergic association of diabetes and amyloid pathology with MCI progression.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of middle-aged and older adults, higher rates of volume change in the white matter and ventricles, along with the presence of diabetes and a low CSF Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio, were identified as important risk factors for the progression to MCI. These results support the importance of identifying individuals who have accelerated brain atrophy to optimize preventive strategies for progression to MCI.
Oak declines: Reviewing the evidence for causes, management implications and research gaps
Authors: Gosling Rebecca H. , Jackson Robert W. , Elliot Matt , Nichols Christopher P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Oak decline is a complex disorder caused by multiple stressors. Although declines have been observed across Europe since 1700, there is still a lot of uncertainty around the cause, and therefore the appropriate management techniques.

Using literature from across European oak ecosystems, this review and perspective discusses the key stressors associated with oak declines in Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. in Europe and the newly described acute oak decline breaking out in the United Kingdom (and beyond), with a view to identifying important evidence gaps and management implications.

The key factors implicated in oak decline include drought, pests and pathogens. These factors can interact in positive feedback loops to increase stress and decline within oaks. Extreme frost, waterlogging, soil properties, land management, nitrogen pollution, heavy metal pollution, genetic predisposition and mycorrhizal changes could also be involved in decline, but more research is required to understand these.

In acute oak decline, necrotic lesions are caused by a bacterial complex of up to three species, and it has been observed that the presence of the wood borer Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius 1776 can amplify the symptoms.

Practical implication: The amount that each stressor contributes towards these declines and the ‘tipping points’ are largely unknown and are likely to differ between decline events, sites and even individual trees. This makes management advice provision exceedingly difficult. Historic records show oaks in decline can recover; therefore, allowing trees time and space to recover should be a priority for management practitioners. Future research recommendations for effective management of declining oaks are discussed.
Identification of fibrinogen as a plasma protein binding partner for lecanemab biosimilar IgG
Authors: Bellier Jean‐Pierre , Román Viera Andrea M. , Christiano Caitlyn , Anzai Juliana A. U. , Moreno Stephanie , Campbell Emily C. , Godwin Lucas , Li Amy , Chen Alan Y. , Alam Sarah M. , Saba Adriana , Yoo Han Bin , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Selkoe Dennis J. , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveRecombinant monoclonal therapeutic antibodies like lecanemab, which target amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease, offer a promising approach for modifying the disease progression. Due to its relatively short half‐life, lecanemab administered as a bi‐monthly infusion (typically 10 mg/kg) has a relatively brief half‐life. Interaction with abundant plasma proteins binder in the bloodstream can affect pharmacokinetics of drugs, including their half‐life. In this study, we investigated potential plasma protein binding (PPB) interaction to lecanemab using lecanemab biosimilar.MethodsLecanemab biosimilar used in this study was based on publicly available sequences. ELISA and western blotting were used to assess lecanemab biosimilar immunoreactivity in the fractions of human plasma obtained through size exclusion chromatography. The binding of lecanemab biosimilar to candidate plasma binders was confirmed by western blotting, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance analysis.ResultsUsing a combination of equilibrium dialysis, ELISA, and western blotting in human plasma, we first describe the presence of likely PPB partners to lecanemab biosimilar and then identify fibrinogen as one of them. Utilizing surface plasmon resonance, we confirmed that lecanemab biosimilar does bind to fibrinogen, although with lower affinity than to monomeric amyloid beta.InterpretationIn the context of lecanemab therapy, these results imply that fibrinogen levels could impact the levels of free antibodies in the bloodstream and that fibrinogen might serve as a reservoir for lecanemab. More broadly, these results indicate that PPB may be an important consideration when clinically utilizing therapeutic antibodies in neurodegenerative disease.
Rethinking antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Okada Kensuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides, which are used to silence target genes, are gaining attention as a novel drug discovery modality for proteinopathies. However, while clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been conducted in recent years, the results have not always been favorable. The results from a Phase III trial of the antisense oligonucleotide, that is, tofersen, which targets SOD1 mRNA, showed decreased levels of cerebrospinal fluid SOD1 and plasma neurofilament light chain but no improvements in primary clinical endpoint. Moreover, case reports pertaining to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying FUS and C9orf72 mutations who received antisense oligonucleotide‐based treatments have demonstrated a notable reduction in the targeted protein (thus providing the proof of mechanism) but with no discernible clinical benefits. There are several possible reasons why antisense oligonucleotides knockdown fails to achieve proof of concept, which need to be addressed: on‐target adverse effects resulting from the loss of function of target gene and irreversible neuronal death cascade due to toxic protein accumulation, among other factors. This review provides an overview of the current status and discusses the prospects of antisense oligonucleotides treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease treatment induced changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediator levels
Authors: Gonzalo Ricardo , Minguet Carla , Ortiz Ana María , Bravo María Isabel , López Oscar L. , Boada Mercè , Ruiz Agustín , Costa Montserrat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is extensive literature indicating that inflammatory pathways are affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined whether plasma exchange with albumin replacement (PE‐Alb) can impact the inflammatory status of AD patients and alter the relationship between inflammatory mediators and cognitive measures.MethodsSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 142 AD patients participating in the AMBAR trial (14‐month schedule of PE‐Alb treatment vs. placebo [sham PE‐Alb]) were analyzed for changes from baseline for 19 inflammatory mediators (6 inflammatory cytokines, 9 chemokines, and 4 vascular injury indicators) at representative time points across the AMBAR study (lasting effects) as well as in pre‐ versus post‐PE‐Alb procedure (acute effects). Association between mediator changes and clinical outcomes reported in the AMBAR study (cognitive, functional, behavioral function, and global change tests) was assessed.ResultsPE‐Alb significantly reduced IFN‐γ, eotaxin, MIP‐1α and ICAM‐1 levels in serum, and eotaxin‐3 and MIP‐1β levels in CSF, at various time points during treatment (p < 0.05; false discovery rate‐corrected). Vascular injury indicators were the mediators mostly affected by post‐ versus pre‐PE‐Alb level reduction. Increased serum MIP‐1α levels were associated with worsening in ADAS‐Cog, CDR‐sb, and ADCS‐CGIC scores in the placebo group, but not in the PE‐Alb‐treated group.InterpretationPeripheral intervention could affect AD by reducing inflammatory mediators in both peripheral and central compartments. Changes in MIP‐1α due to PE‐Alb were associated with changes in clinical outcomes.
Quantitative Design of Cathode Materials for Ion Battery from a Reductionist Perspective
Authors: Gao Ang , Gu Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quantitative design of functionalities for functional materials is highly attractive for materials research, which must be based on a thorough understanding of the behavior of fundamental particles. Reductionism advocates for the understanding of complex materials through dissection into the constituent parts, providing a robust framework for investigating functional materials. In an ion battery system, this review utilizes reductionism to deconstruct cathode materials into phase, atom, and even electron, building the intrinsic connections between the macroscopic properties and fundamental particles across four degrees of freedom. This aims to enable the quantitative design of cathode materials. Specifically, the microscopic origins of the macroscopic properties, that is, capacity, potential, rate, and cycling reversibility, based on lattice, charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom are elucidated. Additionally, current strategies are summarized and proposed future development directions for improving these properties. These insights contribute to achieving the goal of quantitative design of energy storage materials.
Stochastic Nanoroughness Inhibits and Reverses Glial Scarring In Vitro and In Vivo via a Mechanobiology Paradigm Involving Piezo‐1
Authors: Blumenthal Nils R. , Petravicz Jeremy C , Breton‐Provencher Vincent , Hu Ming , Riemenschneider Fabian , Sarem Melika , Sur Mriganka , Shastri V. Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhysical insult to the central nervous system (CNS) such as during electrode insertion leads to reactive astrogliosis which in turn contributes to glial scarring (GS). To date, reducing GS in these settings has focused on pharmacological agents and variations in electrode material composition or implantation procedures, and the role of electrode surface topography has remained unexplored. Since proteoglycans, a major component of GS tissue, possesses very well‐defined (nano) topography, a role for stochastic nanoroughness in glial scar formation is theorized. Using an in vitro system, we provide proof of concept that on substrates possessing stochastic nanoroughness corresponding to that of healthy astrocytes, glial scar formation is significantly inhibited, and more importantly, can be even reversed, and it involves signaling via the stretch‐activated cation channel Piezo‐1. In vivo studies reveal an absence of astrocytes aggregation along the electrode track of chronically implanted electrodes modified with stochastic surface nanoroughness, compared to non‐modified electrodes, while signal detection within the superior colliculus remains unaffected. These findings shedlight on the crucial role of stochastic biophysical cues in modulating GS formation; and offer a promising non‐chemical approach for engineering neural biomaterials interface for the CNS.
Charge Generation and Enhancement of Key Components of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Shuyan , Hu Chenguo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in high‐performance Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) with the design and synthesis of functional dielectric materials, the exploration of novel dynamic charge transport mechanisms, and the innovative design of architecture, making it one of the most crucial technologies for energy harvesting. High output charge density is fundamental for TENG to expand its application scope and accelerate industrialization; it depends on the dynamic equilibrium of charge generation, trapping, de‐trapping, and migration within its core components. Here, this review classifies and summarizes innovative approaches to enhance the charge density of the charge generation, charge trapping, and charge collection layers. The milestone of high charge density TENG is reviewed based on material selection and innovative mechanisms. The state‐of‐the‐art principles and techniques for generating high charge density and suppressing charge decay are discussed and highlighted in detail, and the distinct charge transport mechanisms, the technologies of advanced materials preparation, and the effective charge excitation strategy are emphatically introduced. Lastly, the bottleneck and future research priorities for boosting the output charge density are summarized. A summary of these cutting‐edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high‐output TENG.
An Antagonistic Photovoltaic Memristor for Bioinspired Active Contrast Adaptation
Authors: Gong Guodong , Zhou You , Xiong Ziyu , Sun Tao , Li Huaxin , Li Qingxiu , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Guohua , Zhai Yongbiao , Lv Ziyu , Tan Hongwei , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMachine vision systems that consist of cameras and image‐processing components for visual inspection and identification tasks play a critical role in various intelligent applications, including pilotless vehicles and surveillance systems. However, current systems usually possess a limited dynamic range and fixed photoresponsivity, restricting their capability of gaining high‐fidelity images when encoding a high‐contrast scene. Here, it is shown that a photovoltaic memristor incorporating two antagonistic photovoltaic junctions can autonomously adjust its response to varying light stimuli, enabling the amplification of shadows and inhibition of highlight saturation. Due to the dynamic photodoping effect at the p‐n junction with an asymmetrical profile, the photocurrent polarities of the antagonistic memristor can be changed as the light intensity increases. The light‐intensity‐dependent switchable photovoltaic behaviors match Weber's law where photosensitivity is inversely proportional to the light stimuli. An 11 × 11 memristor array is used to detect a high‐contrast scene with light intensities ranging from 1 to 5 × 104 µW cm−2, achieving a similar active contrast adaptation performance compared with the human visual systems (less than 1.2 s at 94 dB). This work paves the way for innovative neuromorphic device designs and may lead to the development of state‐of‐the‐art active visual adaptation photosensors.
Dirac‐Like Fermions Anomalous Magneto‐Transport in a Spin‐Polarized Oxide 2D Electron System
Authors: Chen Yu , D'Antuono Maria , Trama Mattia , Preziosi Daniele , Jouault Benoit , Teppe Frédéric , Consejo Christophe , Perroni Carmine A. , Citro Roberta , Stornaiuolo Daniela , Salluzzo Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a 2D electron system (2DES) the breaking of the inversion, time‐reversal and bulk crystal‐field symmetries is interlaced with the effects of spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) triggering exotic quantum phenomena. Here, epitaxial engineering is used to design and realize a 2DES characterized simultaneously by ferromagnetic order, large Rashba SOC and hexagonal band warping at the (111) interfaces between LaAlO3, EuTiO3, and SrTiO3 insulators. The 2DES displays anomalous quantum corrections to the magneto‐conductance driven by the time‐reversal‐symmetry breaking occurring below the magnetic transition temperature. The results are explained by the emergence of a non‐trivial Berry phase and competing weak anti‐localization/weak localization back‐scattering of Dirac‐like fermions, mimicking the phenomenology of gapped topological insulators. These findings open perspectives for the engineering of novel spin‐polarized functional 2DES holding promises in spin‐orbitronics and topological electronics.
Durable Organic Coating‐Free Superhydrophobic Metal Surface by Paracrystalline State Formation
Authors: Yan Dandan , Xu Wenjing , Zou Tingting , Li Lin , Xu Jiapei , Zhang Ruizhi , Hu Longjin , Yang Xupeng , Ma Hui , Yang Jianjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chemical instability of traditional organically‐decorated superhydrophobic metal surfaces is a significant issue, severely limiting practical applications. This is due to the susceptibility of low surface energy coatings to ion permeation, decomposition, and exfoliation, especially in harsh environments. Here, organic coating‐free, durable superhydrophobic surfaces on Al alloys by developing the paracrystalline state of a bionic anthill tribe structure is successfully achieved, using femtosecond laser element‐doping microstructuring followed by repetitive annealing processes. Remarkably, the inherent superhydrophobic properties of the sample are maintained for ≈2000 h in a corrosive 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, significantly surpassing the performance of traditional organic coatings. Moreover, this inherent superhydrophobicity remains nearly unchanged, even after rigorous electrochemical reaction measurements. Additional tests involving UV irradiation (>100 h), freezing cycles (>100 cycles), and acid/alkali resistance (>65 h) further demonstrate that the environmental adaptability of the surface far exceeds that of silane‐coated surfaces. Ab initio calculations reveal that the formation of the paracrystalline state reduces surface energy and enhances chemical stability, thereby extending the durability of the superhydrophobic metal. These findings offer a powerful strategy for utilizing atomic‐level structural rearrangements to design inherent superhydrophobic surfaces without the need for organic coatings.
Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Fusobacterium nucleatum Trigger Periodontitis Through Host Overimmunity
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Demao , Liu Chengcheng , Tang Boyu , Cui Yujia , Guo Daimo , Duan Mengmeng , Tu Ying , Zheng Huiling , Ning Xinjie , Liu Yang , Chen Haoran , Huang Minglei , Niu Zhixing , Zhao Yanfang , Liu Xiaoheng , Xie Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe virulent bacteria‐induced host immune response dominates the occurrence and progression of periodontal diseases because of the roles of individual virulence factors from these pathogens in the initiation and spread of inflammation. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a pathogenic entity have recently attracted great attention as messenger bridges between bacteria and host tissues. Herein, the novel role of OMVs derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum in the occurrence of periodontitis is dissected. In a rat periodontitis model, it is found that OMVs derived from F. nucleatum caused deterioration of periodontitis by enhancing inflammation of the periodontium and absorption of alveolar bone, which is almost equivalent to the effect of F. nucleatum itself. Furthermore, that OMVs can independently induce periodontitis is shown. The pathogenicity of OMVs is attributed to multiple pathogenic components identified by omics. After entering human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) by endocytosis, OMVs activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and impaired the mineralization of hPDLSCs through NF‐κB (p65) signaling, leading to the final injury of the periodontium and damage of alveolar bone in periodontitis. These results provide a new understanding of OMVs derived from pathogens and cues for the prevention of periodontitis.