bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Detection and Remaining Life Estimation for Ion Mill Etching Process Through Deep-Learning Based Multimodal Data Fusion
Authors: He Anqi , Jin Xiaoning 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIon mill etching (IME) is an advanced process technology that uses ion-beam sources to remove materials by atomic sandblasting in order to reveal a specific pattern on the substrate. The high-precision capability of IME requires stringent process monitoring and control of the flowcool system which is critical to prevent thermal deformation of temperature-sensitive materials from the heat generated by the ion beam irradiation. This study focuses on a multi-sensor data analytics to monitor the IME process condition—enabling diagnostics and prediction of three main failure mechanisms of the IME flowcool system. A generalizable framework of engineering-based data-driven failure diagnostics and prediction are developed using random forest-based classification and a deep long short-term memory (LSTM) based method. The proposed framework and methods are demonstrated and validated in an IME process using multi-sensor data collected from multiple run-to-failure cycles. Three different failure modes related to the flowcool system are detected and identified in real time, and the time to the next failure is accurately predicted. The proposed method provides a systematic and generalizable approach for process monitoring and early prediction of failures by using heterogeneous sensor measurements and operational data under various operating conditions and settings.
A Novel Rule-Based Method for Individualized Spot Welding Sequence Optimization With Respect to Geometrical Quality
Authors: Sadeghi Tabar Roham , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard , Lindkvist Lars 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Spot welding is the predominant joining process for the sheet metal assemblies. The assemblies, during this process, are mainly bent and deformed. These deformations, along with the single part variations, are the primary sources of the aesthetic and functional geometrical problems in an assembly. The sequence of welding has a considerable effect on the geometrical variation of the final assembly. Finding the optimal weld sequence for the geometrical quality can be categorized as a combinatorial Hamiltonian graph search problem. Exhaustive search to find the optimum, using the finite element method simulations in the computer-aided tolerancing tools, is a time-consuming and thereby infeasible task. Applying the genetic algorithm to this problem can considerably reduce the search time, but finding the global optimum is not guaranteed, and still, a large number of sequences need to be evaluated. The effectiveness of these types of algorithms is dependent on the quality of the initial solutions. Previous studies have attempted to solve this problem by random initiation of the population in the genetic algorithm. In this paper, a rule-based approach for initiating the genetic algorithm for spot weld sequencing is introduced. The optimization approach is applied to three automotive sheet metal assemblies for evaluation. The results show that the proposed method improves the computation time and effectiveness of the genetic algorithm.
Thermal history of the Mackenzie Plain, Northwest Territories, Canada: Insights from low-temperature thermochronology of the Devonian Imperial Formation
Authors: Powell Jeremy W. , Issler Dale R. , Schneider David A. , Fallas Karen M. , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Devonian strata from the Mackenzie Plain, Northern Canadian Cordillera, have undergone two major burial and unroofing events since deposition, providing an excellent natural laboratory to assess the effects of protracted cooling history on low-temperature thermochronometers in sedimentary basins. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He (AHe, ZHe) and apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology data were collected from seven samples across the Mackenzie Plain. AFT single grain ages from six samples span the Cambrian to Miocene with few Neoproterozoic dates. Although there are no correlations between Dpar and AFT date or track length distribution, a relationship exists between grain chemistry and age. We calculate the parameter rmr0 from apatite chemistry and distinguish up to three discrete kinetic populations per sample, with consistent Cambrian–Carboniferous, Triassic–Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic pooled ages. Fifteen ZHe dates range from 415 ± 33 Ma to 40 ± 3 Ma, and AHe dates from 53 analyses vary from 225 ± 14 Ma to 3 ± 0.2 Ma. Whereas several samples exhibit correlations between date and radiation damage (eU), all samples demonstrate varying degrees of intra-sample date dispersion. We use chemistry-dependent fission track annealing kinetics to explain dispersion in both our AFT and AHe data sets and detail the thermal history of strata that have experienced a protracted cooling history through the uppermost crust. Thermal history modeling of AFT and AHe samples reveals that the Devonian strata across the Mackenzie Plain reached maximum burial temperatures (∼90 °C–190 °C) prior to Paleozoic to Mesozoic unroofing. Strata were reheated to lower temperatures in the Cretaceous to Paleogene (∼65 °C–110 °C), and have a protracted Cenozoic cooling history, with Paleogene and Neogene cooling pulses. This thermal information is compared with borehole organic thermal maturity profiles to assess the regional burial history. Ultimately, these data reflect the complications, and possibilities, of low-temperature thermochronology in sedimentary rocks where detrital variance results in a broad range of diffusion and annealing kinetics.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a pharmacotherapeutic empowerment strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Carolina Oliveira , Cazarim Maurílio de Souza , Sanches Cristina , Pereira Leonardo Regis Leira , Camargos Ana Márcia Tomé , Aquino Jéssica Azevedo , Oliveira Baldoni Andre 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe economic feasibility of pharmacotherapeutic empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is still not well established.ObjectivesTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an individual pharmacotherapeutic empowerment strategy (IPES) for patients with DM2.MethodsThis is a cost-effectiveness study nested in a non-randomized clinical trial with patients ≥18 years of age, of both genders, with low and moderate cardiovascular risks. This study was carried out from the perspective of the municipal health system of Divinópolis in Minas Gerais state, and compared patients submitted to an IPES and patients who received only traditional care, 1 year before the beginning of the intervention (baseline) and 1 year after its completion (follow-up). The costs of the services offered by the municipality were computed, and in the intervention group IPES costs were included. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was the effectiveness parameter adopted. Cost-effectiveness ratio analyses, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and sensitivity analysis were performed.ResultsIn the analysis of cost-effectiveness, it is observed that a reduction of 0.359 in A1c costs US$708.47 in the intervention group and a reduction of 0.170 costs US$1927.13 in the control group. Thus, the ICER is US$387.66 per patient/year. In the sensitivity analysis, it was observed that the IPES was dominant in 19.8% of the simulated scenarios and cost-effective in 80.2%.ConclusionsThe IPES is an alternative that presents economic feasibility for the municipal public health system scenario. The absence of randomization in patient selection is a limitation of this study.
Opt-out bloodborne virus screening: a cross-sectional observational study in an acute medical unit
Authors: Allen Niamh , Faherty Collette , Davies Andre , Lyons Anne , Scarry Margarent , Bohan Keane Mary , Boyle Nicola , O’Connell Sarah , McCarthy Eithne , Keady Deirbhile , Bergin Colm , Lee John , Fleming Catherine , Gallagher David , Tuite Helen 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveRecent treatment developments for HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) have greatly improved prognoses. Current screening practices are mainly risk based and are suboptimal. Improved efforts are critically needed to identify persons with these viruses. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of an opt-out bloodborne virus (BBV) screening programme in an acute medical unit (AMU) and to describe the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in this population.Design and settingThis was a cross-sectional observational study in the AMU of a tertiary referral hospital in Galway, a city in the west of Ireland.Participants1936 patients entered the study; 54% were male, mean age was 53.1 years (SD 19.6). During the study period, all patients attending the AMU aged ≧16 years who were having bloods drawn and who had the ability to verbally consent for an additional blood sample met the inclusion criteria for the study.ResultsOver 44 weeks, 1936/4793 (40.4%) patients consented to BBV panel testing. Diagnosed prevalence rates for HIV, HBV and HCV were 0.5/1000, 2/1000 and 1.5/1000, respectively. There was one HIV-positive result; the patient was already engaged in care. Four patients tested positive for HBV surface antigen; one new diagnosis, one previously lost to follow-up and two already engaged in care. Three patients had active HCV infection; two had been lost to follow-up and are now linked back into services.ConclusionBBV testing uptake of 40.4% is higher than previous studies in AMU settings that used opt-in strategies, but lower than expected, possibly due to not incorporating testing into routine practice. The diagnosed prevalence of HBV is notable as little data currently exist about its prevalence in Ireland. These data are valuable in order to inform further prevention strategies for these infections in low-prevalence settings.
Development and validation of 15-month mortality prediction models: a retrospective observational comparison of machine-learning techniques in a national sample of Medicare recipients
Authors: Berg Gregory D , Gurley Virginia F 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe objective is to develop and validate a predictive model for 15-month mortality using a random sample of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries.Data sourceThe Centres for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Limited Data Set files containing the five per cent samples for 2014 and 2015.ParticipantsThe data analysed contains de-identified administrative claims information at the beneficiary level, including diagnoses, procedures and demographics for 2.7 million beneficiaries.SettingUS national sample of Medicare beneficiaries.Study designEleven different models were used to predict 15-month mortality risk: logistic regression (using both stepwise and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) selection of variables as well as models using an age gender baseline, Charlson scores, Charlson conditions, Elixhauser conditions and all variables), naïve Bayes, decision tree with adaptive boosting, neural network and support vector machines (SVMs) validated by simple cross validation. Updated Charlson score weights were generated from the predictive model using only Charlson conditions.Primary outcome measureC-statistic.ResultsThe c-statistics was 0.696 for the naïve Bayes model and 0.762 for the decision tree model. For models that used the Charlson score or the Charlson variables the c-statistic was 0.713 and 0.726, respectively, similar to the model using Elixhauser conditions of 0.734. The c-statistic for the SVM model was 0.788 while the four models that performed the best were the logistic regression using all variables, logistic regression after selection of variables by the LASSO method, the logistic regression using a stepwise selection of variables and the neural network with c-statistics of 0.798, 0.798, 0.797 and 0.795, respectively.ConclusionsImproved means for identifying individuals in the last 15 months of life is needed to improve the patient experience of care and reducing the per capita cost of healthcare. This study developed and validated a predictive model for 15-month mortality with higher generalisability than previous administrative claims-based studies.
Quality indicators for clinical care of patients with hypertension: scoping review protocol
Authors: Djasri Hanevi , Laras Sekar , Utarini Adi 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases impose significant financial impact on countries implementing universal health coverage (UHC). Hypertension is a primary disease that will lead to more severe conditions without adequate clinical care. The quality of its clinical care must be well assessed in order to measure the effective coverage of people with hypertension in UHC. This study aims to identify indicators that can be used to measure the quality of clinical care provided to patients with hypertension in healthcare facilities.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted using the six stages of the scoping review method: identifying the research question, searching for relevant studies, selecting studies, charting the data, collating, summarising and reporting the results, and conducting consultation exercises. The review will include all quality indicators used for clinical care of patients with hypertension at any healthcare facility. All research designs will be included. Search strategies are developed using the medical subject headings and keywords related to hypertension and quality indicators. Several electronic databases, that is, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science, including clinical-guideline databases from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Health Service Evidence and Medical Information Network Distribution Service, and also grey literature will be used. Two researchers will screen the titles and abstracts and review the full text of selected articles to determine the final inclusion. The results will be summarised quantitatively, using numerical counts, and qualitatively, using thematic analysis. The data extraction will include a complete list and detailed profile of all indicators. Stakeholder consultation will be conducted at the beginning and after preliminary results to translate findings to the potential knowledge users.Ethical considerations and disseminationReviews of published articles are considered secondary analysis and do not need ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated through various strategies, such as policy briefs, conferences, peer-reviewed journals, and on selected websites relevant to the subject.Study statusData collection for the scoping review will include publications up to May 2019, and the analysis will start in June 2019.
The NeMo real-time fMRI neurofeedback study: protocol of a randomised controlled clinical intervention trial in the neural foundations of mother–infant bonding
Authors: Eckstein Monika , Zietlow Anna-Lena , Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Schmitgen Mike Michael , Ashcroft-Jones Sarah , Kirsch Peter , Ditzen Beate 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionMost mothers feel an immediate, strong emotional bond with their newborn. On a neurobiological level, this is accompanied with the activation of the brain reward systems, including the striatum. However, approximately 10% of all mothers report difficulties to bond emotionally with their infant and display impaired reward responses to the interaction with their infant which might have long-term negative effects for the child’s development. As previous studies suggest that activation of the striatal reward system can be regulated through functional MRI (fMRI)-based neurofeedback (NFB), we have designed and investigate fMRI-NFB training to treat maternal bonding difficulties.Methods and analysisIn the planned trial, mothers will be presented pictures of their infant and real-time fMRI (rtfMRI), peripheral measures, neural, endocrine, psychophysiological and behavioural measures will be assessed. Mothers with bonding difficulties (n=68) will be randomised to one of two double-blind intervention groups at 4–6 months postpartum. They will participate in three repeated NFB training sessions with rtfMRI-NFB training to increase activation of (a) the ventral striatum or (b) the anterior cingulate. Interview data and real-time mother–infant interaction behaviour pre-intervention, post-intervention and at follow-up will serve as clinical outcome measures.Ethics and disseminationStudy procedures are in line with the recommendations of the World Medical Association (revised Declaration of Helsinki) and were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, s-450/2017, Heidelberg University. All participants will provide written informed consent after receiving a detailed oral and written explanation of all procedures and can withdraw their consent at any time without negative consequence. Results will be internationally published and disseminated, to further the discussion on non-pharmacological treatment options in complex mental disorders.Trial registration numberDRKS00014570; Pre-results.
A cross-sectional mixed methods protocol to describe correlates and explanations for a long duration of untreated psychosis among patients with first episode psychosis in Uganda
Authors: Mwesiga Emmanuel Kiiza , Nakasujja Noeline , Ongeri Linnet , Semeere Aggrey , Loewy Rachel , Meffert Susan 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAmong patients with psychotic disorders, the ‘duration of untreated psychosis’ (DUP) is a predictor of key outcomes such as symptom remission and quality of life. In sub-Saharan Africa, DUP is up to five times longer than in high-income countries, with many patients going without antipsychotic medication for 5 years or longer. One contributor to this high DUP may relate to cultural norms that drive use of alternative and complementary therapies (ACTs) as first-line treatment strategies, rather than biomedical care with antipsychotic medicine. We aim to1determine the prevalence and factors associated with DUP and ACT use in Uganda, and2Identify factors that drive patient and family choices to use ACT as a first-line treatment strategy.Methods and analysisWe will leverage on an ongoing cohort study at the national psychiatric and teaching hospital in Uganda. The parent study is an observational cohort design following antipsychotic naïve adults with a first episode of psychosis without substance use, HIV/AIDS or syphilis. The embedded study will use a mixed methods design including quantitative assessment of parent study participants with the Nottingham Onset Schedule-DUP to determine the DUP. Qualitative assessment will focus on patient and caregiver perceptions and use of ACT and its impact on DUP among patients with psychosis using in-depth interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the school of medicine research and ethics committee of the college of health sciences at Makerere University. It has also received institutional support to perform the study from the Infectious Diseases Institute and Butabika hospital. Besides publication of the work in reputable peer-reviewed journals, we hope that this work will lead to evidence-based discussions on the need for early interventions to reduce DUP in Uganda.
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for insomnia: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: He Yu , Sun Nianyi , Wang Zhiqiang , Zou Wenchen 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation approach, might be a promising technique in the management of insomnia. A systematic review of the available literature on this topic is warranted. The systematic review described in this protocol aims to investigate the efficacy of rTMS as a physical therapy in patients with insomnia.Methods and analysisThis protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will retrieve relevant literatures across the following electronic bibliographic databases: CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PEDro, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP. A manual search of the reference lists of all relevant articles will be performed for any additional studies. We will include randomised controlled trials published in English and Chinese examining efficacy of rTMS on patients with insomnia. Two reviewers will independently complete the article selection, data extraction and rating. PEDro scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Narrative and quantitative synthesis will be done accordingly.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this review. The results of this review will be disseminated in a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018115033.
Health care professionals’ views towards self-management and self-management education for people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ross Jamie , Stevenson Fiona A , Dack Charlotte , Pal Kingshuk , May Carl R , Michie Susan , Yardley Lucy , Murray Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesSignificant problems with patients engaging with diabetes self-management education (DSME) exist. The role of healthcare professionals (HCPs) has been highlighted, with a lack of enthusiasm, inadequate information provision and poor promotion of available programmes all cited as affecting patients’ decisions to attend. However, little is known about HCPs’ views towards DSME. This study investigates the views of HCPs towards self-management generally and self-management in the context of DSME more specifically.DesignA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to investigate HCPs views of type 2 diabetes self-management and DSME. Data were analysed thematically and emergent themes were mapped on to the constructs of Normalisation Process Theory (NPT).SettingTwo boroughs in London, UK.ParticipantsSampling was purposive to recruit a diverse range of professional roles including GPs, practice nurses, diabetes specialist nurses, healthcare assistants (HCAs), receptionists and commissioners of care.ResultsInterviews were conducted with 22 participants. The NPT analysis demonstrated that while a self-management approach to diabetes care was viewed by HCPs as necessary and, in principle, valuable, the reality is much more complex. HCPs expressed ambivalence about pushing certain patients into self-managing, preferring to retain responsibility. There was a lack of awareness among HCPs about the content of DSME and benefits to patients. Commitment to and engagement with DSME was tempered by concerns about suitability for some patients. There was little evidence of communication between providers of group-based DSME and HCPs or of HCPs engaging in work to follow-up non-attenders.ConclusionsHCPs have concerns about the appropriateness of DSME for all patients and discussed challenges to engaging with and performing the tasks required to embed the approach within practice. DSME, as a means of supporting self-management, was considered important in theory, but there was little evidence of HCPs seeing their role as extending beyond providing referrals.