bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of resveratrol with glucose and malate (RGM) to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study
Authors: Zhu Carolyn W. , Grossman Hillel , Neugroschl Judith , Parker Susan , Burden Amanda , Luo Xiaodong , Sano Mary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionHuman studies on low‐dose resveratrol are scarce. This study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an oral preparation of resveratrol, glucose, and malate (RGM) in slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThirty‐nine subjects with mild to moderate AD who were free of life‐threatening disease and who did not have contraindications to the use of the study product were screened. Progression of AD was measured by change in the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale. Secondary outcomes included Clinician's Global Impression of Change, Mini–Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. 15 mL of the following preparation per dose, i.e., 5 g dextrose, 5 g malate, and 5 mg resveratrol, or matching placebo was ingested with an 8 oz glass of commercial unsweetened grape juice twice a day for 1 year. Group differences in the rate of change in the outcome measures were examined using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe treatment and control groups were similar on all of the screening variables. At 12 months, change scores on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale, Mini–Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Scale, or Neuropsychiatric Inventory all showed less deterioration in the treatment than the control group; however, none of the change scores reached statistical significance. The most common AE were falls, all in the control group. None of the falls were deemed to be study related.ConclusionLow‐dose oral resveratrol is safe and well tolerated. Interpretation of the effects on clinical outcomes trajectories remains uncertain. A larger study is required to determine whether low‐dose resveratrol may be beneficial.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00678431), Registered 05/15/2008.
User experience and clinical effectiveness with two wearable global positioning system devices in home dementia care
Authors: Megges Herlind , Freiesleben Silka Dawn , Rösch Christina , Knoll Nina , Wessel Lauri , Peters Oliver 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe user experience and clinical effectiveness with wearable global positioning system (GPS) devices for persons with dementia (PwDs) and caregivers (CGs) remain unclear although many are available.MethodsUsing a crossover design, 20 dyads tested two similar commercial GPS watches (products A and B) at home for 4 weeks each. Usability, product functions, design features and product satisfaction at home and the clinic were investigated. Caregiver burden and quality of life assessed clinical effectiveness.ResultsThe final 17 dyads rated the usability, telephone function, overall design features, font, buttons, and battery life of B significantly better than A. PwDs rated the overall design features and buttons of A significantly better than CGs. Product satisfaction with both products was significantly lower at home. Clinical effectiveness was not found.DiscussionUser experience can be improved by optimizing specific product details. This might translate to clinical effectiveness. Social desirability bias may explain different product satisfaction ratings.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin/β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 predicts cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kirsebom Bjørn‐Eivind , Nordengen Kaja , Selnes Per , Waterloo Knut , Torsetnes Silje Bøen , Gísladóttir Berglind , Brix Britta , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Bråthen Geir , Hessen Erik , Aarsland Dag , Fladby Tormod 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin (Ng)/β‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) ratio may reflect synaptic affection resulting from reduced beta‐amyloid (Aβ) clearance. We hypothesize that increased Ng/BACE1 ratio predicts the earliest cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe compared Ng/BACE1 levels between cases with subjective cognitive decline (n = 18) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 20) both with amyloid plaques and healthy controls (APOE‐ε4+, n = 16; APOE‐ε4‐, n = 20). We performed regression analyses between cerebrospinal fluid levels, baseline hippocampal and amygdala volumes, and pertinent cognitive measures (memory, attention, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]) at baseline and after 2 years.ResultsNg/BACE1 levels were elevated in both subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. Higher Ng/BACE1 ratio was associated with lower hippocampal and amygdala volumes; lower baseline memory functions, attention, and MMSE; and significant decline in MMSE and memory function at 2‐year follow‐up.DiscussionHigh Ng/BACE1 ratio predicts cognitive decline also in preclinical cases with amyloid plaques.
Immunomodulators in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lavigne Philippe , Lee Stella E. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo provide new insight into how chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is conceptualized and treated with a focus on immunomodulator therapy.Data sourcesPubmed, Medline, and Embase.MethodsA current review of the evidence is provided for immunomodulators investigated for treatment of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).ResultsBiologic therapies targeting IgE, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 for the treatment of CRSwNP have shown promise and are currently in phase 3 trials. Anti‐immunoglobin E (IgE) therapy with omalizumab was assessed in 6 studies, anti‐interleukin (IL)‐5 therapy in 3 studies (2 mepolizumab, 1 reslizumab) and anti IL‐4/IL‐13 (dupilumab) therapy in one study. Studied outcomes varied, but the majority of trials identified clinical benefit of therapy over placebo. Other potential targets include thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP), IL‐25, IL‐33, and sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐type lectin (Siglec)‐8. Small molecule drugs that target the dysregulation of the immune system in CRS are also being investigated for their immunomodulatory effects on inflammation.ConclusionImmunomodulator therapies for CRS currently in development will likely provide another therapeutic option for patients who have severe disease unresponsive to corticosteroids and surgery. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapies have shown encouraging results and phase 3 trials are underway. IL‐4/IL‐13 inhibition has shown the most promise to date. Further larger, well‐designed trials are needed to improve understanding of these molecules and to offer endotype‐driven therapies in the management of CRS. None of these therapeutics have shown long‐term immunomodulation when discontinued and therefore further investigation into the pathomechanism of disease continues to be needed.
Plasmaspheric Plumes and EMIC Rising Tone Emissions
Authors: Grison B. , Hanzelka M. , Breuillard H. , Darrouzet F. , Santolík O. , Cornilleau‐Wehrlin N. , Dandouras I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to its polar orbit Cluster spacecraft crossed plasmaspheric plumes out of the magnetic equatorial plane. We study the occurrence of broadband, narrowband, and rising tone emissions in the plume vicinity, below the local proton gyrofrequency. Based on a database of 935 Cluster plumes crossings, reduced to 189 unique plumes, we find that broadband activity is the most common case. We confirm result from a previous study showing that plume vicinity is not a preferred place for observing narrowband emissions. Rising tones are the less frequently observed of these three kinds of emissions. Nevertheless, ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) rising tone occurrence rate is high compared to the narrowband one: Tones are seen in six of 30 plume events (20%) when narrowband emissions are observed. Rising tones are observed at absolute magnetic latitudes larger than 17° and up to 35° . We detail the 16 August 2005 plume crossing when a rising tone is observed. Results of a ray tracing analysis agree with a tone triggering process taking place above 15° of magnetic latitude.
Hydromechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate‐Bearing Fine Sediments From In Situ Testing
Authors: Taleb F. , Garziglia S. , Sultan N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hydromechanical properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediment are key in assessing offshore geohazards and the resource potential of gas hydrates. For sandy materials, such properties were proved highly dependent on hydrate content (Sh) as well as on their distribution and morphology. Owing to difficulties in testing gas hydrate‐bearing clayey sediments, the impact of hydrates on the behavior of such materials remains poorly understood. Hence, to provide insight into the characterization of clayey sediments containing hydrate, this study relies on a unique database of in situ acoustic, piezocone, and pore pressure dissipation measurements collected in a high gas flux system offshore Nigeria. Compressional wave velocity measurements were used as means of both detecting and quantifying gas hydrate in marine sediments. The analysis of piezocone data in normalized soil classification charts suggested that contrary to hydrate‐bearing sands, the behavior of gas hydrate‐bearing clays tends to be contractive. Correlations of acoustic and geotechnical data have shown that the stiffness and strength tend to increase with increasing Sh. However, several sediment intervals sharing the same Sh have revealed different features of mechanical behavior; suggesting that stiffness and strength of gas hydrate‐bearing clays are influenced by the distribution/morphology of gas hydrate. Pore pressure dissipation data confirmed the contractive behavior of gas hydrate‐bearing clays and showed that at low hydrate content, the hydraulic diffusivity (Ch) decreases when Sh increases. However, for Sh exceeding 20%, it was shown that an increase of Ch with Sh could be linked to the presence of fractures in the hydrate‐sediment system.
Improved Simulations of Tropical Pacific Annual‐Mean Climate in the GFDL FLOR and HiFLOR Coupled GCMs
Authors: Wittenberg Andrew T. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Delworth Thomas L. , Rosati Anthony , Anderson Whit G. , Cooke William F. , Underwood Seth , Zeng Fanrong , Griffies Stephen M. , Ray Sulagna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has recently developed two global coupled general circulation models, the Forecast‐oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model and the High atmospheric resolution Forecast‐oriented Low Ocean Resolution (HiFLOR) model, which are now being utilized for climate research and seasonal predictions. Compared to their predecessor Coupled Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), the new versions have improved ocean/atmosphere physics and numerics and refinement of the atmospheric horizontal grid from 220 km (CM2.1) to 55 km (FLOR) and 26 km (HiFLOR). Both FLOR and HiFLOR demonstrate greatly improved simulations of the tropical Pacific annual‐mean climatology, with FLOR practically eliminating any equatorial cold bias in sea surface temperature. An additional model experiment (Low Ocean Atmosphere Resolution version 1) using FLOR's ocean/atmosphere physics, but with the atmospheric grid coarsened toward that of CM2.1, is used to further isolate the impacts of the refined atmospheric grid versus the improved physics and numerics. The improved ocean/atmosphere formulations are found to produce more realistic tropical Pacific patterns of sea surface temperature and rainfall, surface heat fluxes, ocean mixed layer depths, surface currents, and tropical instability wave activity; enhance the near‐surface equatorial upwelling; and reduce the intercentennial warm drift of the tropical Pacific upper ocean. The atmospheric grid refinement further improves these features and also improves the tropical Pacific surface wind stress, implied Ekman and Sverdrup transports, subsurface temperature and salinity structure, and heat advection in the equatorial upper ocean. The results highlight the importance of nonlocal air‐sea interactions in the tropical Pacific climate system, including the influence of off‐equatorial surface fluxes on the equatorial annual‐mean state. Implications are discussed for improving future simulations, observations, and predictions of tropical Pacific climate.
The SPASE Data Model: A Metadata Standard for Registering, Finding, Accessing, and Using Heliophysics Data Obtained From Observations and Modeling
Authors: Roberts D. Aaron , Thieman James , Génot Vincent , King Todd , Gangloff Michel , Perry Chris , Wiegand Chiu , De Zeeuw Darren , Fung Shing F. , Cecconi Baptiste , Hess Sébastien 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Space Physics Archive Search and Extract Consortium has developed and implemented the SPASE Data Model that provides a common language for registering a wide range of Heliophysics data and other products. The Data Model enables discovery and access tools such that any researcher can obtain data easily, thereby facilitating research, including on space weather. The Data Model includes descriptions of Simulation Models and Numerical Output, pioneered by the Integrated Medium for Planetary Exploration (IMPEx) group in Europe, and subsequently adopted by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). The SPASE group intends to register all relevant Heliophysics data resources, including space‐, ground‐, and model‐based. Substantial progress has been made, especially for space‐based observational data and associated observatories, instruments, and display data. Legacy product registrations and access go back more than 50 years. Real‐time data will be included. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) portion of the SPASE group has funding that assures continuity in the upkeep of the Data Model and aids with adding new products. Tools are being developed for making and editing data descriptions. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for Data Products can now be included in the descriptions. The data access that SPASE facilitates is becoming more uniform, and work is progressing on Web Service access via a standard Application Programming Interface. The SPASE Data Model is stable; changes over the past 9 years were additions of terms and capabilities that are backward compatible. This paper provides a summary of the history, structure, use, and future of the SPASE Data Model.
Lexical Development in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): How ASD May Affect Intake From the Input
Authors: Arunachalam Sudha , Luyster Rhiannon J. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeMost children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have below-age lexical knowledge and lexical representation. Our goal is to examine ways in which difficulties with social communication and language processing that are often associated with ASD may constrain these children's abilities to learn new words and to explore whether minimizing the social communication and processing demands of the learning situation can lead to successful learning.MethodIn this narrative review of recent work on lexical development in ASD, we describe key findings on children's acquisition of nouns, pronouns, and verbs and outline our research program currently in progress aimed at further elucidating these issues.ConclusionOur review of studies that examine lexical development in children with ASD suggests that innovative intervention approaches that take into account both the social communication and processing demands of the learning situation may be particularly beneficial.Presentation Videohttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7324013
Electromagnetic interference shielding performance evaluation of randomised overlapping ring mesh
Authors: Yongmeng Liu , Cuilian Zuo , Xu Liu , Chuanzhi Sun 
Published: November 2018

The authors designed a randomised overlapping ring metallic mesh and built its evaluation model of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. They simulated and analysed the effects of diameter 2R and period g on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The simulation and experiment results show that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is better than 23 dB in the 10–18 GHz band while its maximum normalised high‐order diffraction optical energy is decreased to 0.00134%. The randomised overlapping ring mesh can realise strong shielding effectiveness and low image‐degradation simultaneously.
Green extraction of lycopene from tomato juice with layered double hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hernández Daniel Escobar , Magallon Angelica Perez , Arizaga Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal 
Published: November 2018

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are inorganic compounds with particle size ranging from micrometres to nanometres. On the nanoscale, particles tend to aggregate themselves; therefore, the synthesis of nanoparticles must consider a final step to passivate the surface avoiding aggregation. In this work, zinc/aluminium LDHs particles were synthesised in tomato juice as a reaction medium. This medium promoted the formation of 50 nm particles, which aggregated and simultaneously captured the lycopene in the juice, thus forming a precipitate. The precipitate is a composite material formed by LDH and 11% of organic matter according to an estimation done by thermogravimetric analysis. The organic fraction in the composite presented more thermal stability than that of the tomato flesh. The washing of this composite with ethanol removes lycopene as the main component according to infrared and visible spectroscopy data. As the metal cations in LDH can be selected to comply with food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications, the current method to produce lycopene/LDH composites is a promising route to easily obtain antioxidant additives for these industries.
Incidence of planet candidates in open clusters and a planet confirmation
Authors: Leão I. C. , Canto Martins B. L. , Alves S. , Pereira de Oliveira G. , Cortés C. , Brucalassi A. , Melo C. H. F. , de Freitas D. B. , Pasquini L. , de Medeiros J. R. 
Published: November 2018

Context. Detecting exoplanets in clusters of different ages is a powerful tool for understanding a number of open questions, such as how the occurrence rate of planets depends on stellar metallicity, on mass, or on stellar environment.
Aims. We present the first results of our HARPS long-term radial velocity (RV) survey which aims to discover exoplanets around intermediate-mass (between ~2 and 6 M⊙) evolved stars in open clusters.
Methods. We selected 826 bona fide HARPS observations of 114 giants from an initial list of 29 open clusters and computed the half-peak to peak variability of the HARPS RV measurements, namely ΔRV∕2, for each target, to search for the best planet-host candidates. We also performed time series analyses for a few targets for which we have enough observations to search for orbital solutions.
Results. Although we attempted to rule out the presence of binaries on the basis of previous surveys, we detected 14 new binary candidates in our sample, most of them identified from a comparison between HARPS and CORAVEL data. We also suggest 11 new planet-host candidates based on a relation between the stellar surface gravity and ΔRV∕2. Ten of the candidates are less than 3 M⊙, showing evidence of a low planet occurrence rate for massive stars. One of the planet-host candidates and one of the binary candidates show very clear RV periodic variations, allowing us to confirm the discovery of a new planet and to compute the orbital solution for the binary. The planet is IC 4651 9122b, with a minimum mass of m sini = 6.3 MJ and a semimajor axis a = 2.0 AU. The binary companion is NGC 5822 201B, with a very low minimum mass of m sini = 0.11 M⊙ and a semimajor axis a = 6.5 AU, which is comparable to the Jupiter distance to the Sun.
Beckenverletzungen
Authors: Schmal Hagen 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungBeckenfrakturen im Kindesalter sind selten. Das grundsätzliche Verständnis von Instabilität und Klassifikation ist dabei ähnlich dem der Erwachsenen, wobei es jedoch bestimmte Frakturcharakteristika wie das kräftige Periost, die hohe Knochenelastizität und die Wachstumsfugen gibt. Neben der speziellen Physiologie ist dies konsequenterweise bei Diagnostik und Therapie dieser Verletzungen zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte.
Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Pulmonary Complications After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Schultz Hans Henrik Lawaetz , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Iversen Martin , Kalhauge Anna , Carlsen Jørn , Perch Michael , Graumann Ole , Laursen Christian B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Lung ultrasound (LUS) has a high diagnostic accuracy for identifying frequent conditions in the post-operative phase after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and clinical ability of LUS to identify pulmonary complications such as pleural effusions and pneumonias in the early postoperative phase after LTx.
Methods A prospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients who consecutively underwent single LTx (SLTx) or double LTx (DLTx) at the National Lung Transplantation Center in Denmark from May 1 to October 31, 2015 was conducted. LUS was performed at four time points corresponding to post-transplant day 3, and weeks 2, 6, and 12 (LUS #1–4) to detect and monitor variation in pathological LUS findings over time. Concurrent with LUS #4, a high-resolution computed tomography examination of the thorax (HRCT) was also performed.
Results 14 patients (1 SLTx/13 DLTx, 7 (50 %) women, mean age: 50.4 years) who had undergone the four prespecified LUS examinations were included. Pleural effusion was the most common condition and most pronounced at post-LTx week 2. Findings consistent with pneumonia increased during week 2 and subsequently decreased. Corresponding to LUS #1, 2, 3, and 4, pleural effusion occurred in 85.7 %, 92.9 %, 85.7 %, and 78.6 %, and pneumonia in 21.4 %, 28.6 %, 14.3 %, and 14.3 %, respectively. HRCT findings at post-LTx week 12 were predominantly presented by unspecific ground glass opacities.
Conclusion In a post-LTx setting, LUS represents a clinical novelty as a feasible diagnostic and monitoring tool to identify pathological pulmonary complications in the early post-operative phase.