bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young doctors’ perspectives on antibiotic use and resistance: a multinational and inter-specialty cross-sectional European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) survey
Authors: Beović Bojana , Doušak May , Pulcini Céline , Béraud Guillaume , Paño Pardo Jose Ramon , Sánchez-Fabra David , Kofteridis Diamantis , Cortez Joana , Pagani Leonardo , Klešnik Maša , Nadrah Kristina , Hafner Fink Mitja , Nathwani Dilip , Uhan Samo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Postgraduate training has the potential to shape the prescribing practices of young doctors.

Objectives
To investigate the practices, attitudes and beliefs on antibiotic use and resistance in young doctors of different specialties.

Methods
We performed an international web-based exploratory survey. Principal component analysis (PCA) and bivariate and multivariate [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] analyses were used to investigate differences between young doctors according to their country of specialization, specialty, year of training and gender.

Results
Of the 2366 participants from France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain, 54.2% of young doctors prescribed antibiotics predominantly as instructed by a mentor. Associations between the variability of answers and the country of training were observed across most questions, followed by variability according to the specialty. Very few differences were associated with the year of training and gender. PCA revealed five dimensions of antibiotic prescribing culture: self-assessment of knowledge, consideration of side effects, perception of prescription patterns, consideration of patient sickness and perception of antibiotic resistance. Only the country of specialization (partial η2 0.010–0.111) and the type of specialization (0.013–0.032) had a significant effect on all five identified dimensions (P < 0.01). The strongest effects were observed on self-assessed knowledge and in the perception of antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions
The country of specialization followed by the type of specialization are the most important determinants of young doctors’ perspectives on antibiotic use and resistance. The inclusion of competencies in antibiotic use in all specialty curricula and international harmonization of training should be considered.
A Novel Pathogenic CALR Exon 9 Mutation in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Lee Jee-Soo , Kim Ho Young , Kim Miyoung , Lee Young Kyung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe clinical phenotypes and prognoses of CALR-mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms depend on the mutation type. The 2 most common mutations, type 1 (52-bp deletion) and type 2 (5-bp insertion), account for 85% of CALR-mutated neoplasms. The former confers a myelofibrotic phenotype, and the latter is associated with a low risk of thrombosis and an indolent clinical course. Individual case reports for patients with novel pathogenic CALR mutations are rare. Herein, we present the first case in the literature, to our knowledge, of a 63-year old ethnic Korean man with essential thrombocythemia who was diagnosed with a novel +1-bp frameshift mutation in CALR, which was predicted to exhibit a type 2–like phenotype.
Artist: fast radiative transfer for large-scale simulations of the epoch of reionization
Authors: Molaro Margherita , Davé Romeel , Hassan Sultan , Santos Mario G , Finlator Kristian 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We introduce the ‘Asymmetric Radiative Transfer In Shells Technique’ (artist), a new method for photon propagation on large scales that explicitly conserves photons, propagates photons at the speed of light, approximately accounts for photon directionality, and closely reproduces results of more detailed radiative transfer (RT) methods. Crucially, it is computationally fast enough to evolve the large cosmological volumes required to predict the 21cm power spectrum on scales that will be probed by future experiments targeting the epoch of reionization (EoR). Most seminumerical models aimed at predicting the EoR 21cm signal on these scales use an excursion set formalism (ESF) to model the gas ionization, which achieves computational viability by making a number of approximations. While artist is still roughly two orders of magnitude slower than ESF, it does allow to model the EoR without the need for such approximations. This is particularly important when considering a wide range of reionization scenarios for which artist would help limit the assumptions made. By implementing our RT method within the seminumerical code simfast21, we show that Artist predicts a significantly different evolution for the EoR ionization field compared to the code’s native ESF. In particular, artist predicts up to a factor of two difference in the power spectra, depending on the physical parameters assumed. Its application to large-scale EoR simulations will therefore allow more physically motivated constraints to be obtained for key EoR parameters. In particular, it will remove the need for the artificial rescaling of the escape fraction.
Superhump period of SDSS J214354.59+124457.8: First Z Cam star with superhumps in the standstill
Authors: Altan Metin , Kato Taichi , Ishioka Ryoko , Schmidtobreick Linda , Güver Tolga , Uemura Makoto , Ak Tansel , Bianchini Antonio , Ayyıldız Ömer , Matsumoto Katsura , Esenoğlu Hasan , Bektöre Emre , Ohshima Tomohito , Özkan Türker , Orakoğlu Önder , Nakata Chikako , Hori Takafumi , Masumoto Kazunari , Akazawa Hide , Kawabata Miho 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The cataclysmic variable SDSS J214354.59+124457.8 (hereafter SDSS J214354) was observed photometrically on sixty one nights between 2012 July 28 and 2019 May 26. The long term variation of this object shows changes between two phases; a dwarf nova type and a novalike. This implies that the object belongs to the group of Z Cam type stars. The timing analysis of the light curve reveals a periodic signal at 0.13902(5) d, which we identify as the superhump period. However, the fractional superhump excess of 10 per cent longer than the orbital period is exceptionally large. We obtained a mass ratio of ∼0.4, which is above the accepted upper limit of q = 0.33 for the formation of superhumps. We suggest that the object contains a secondary with an evolved core. With an orbital period of 0.126 d, SDSS J214354 is situated at the upper border of the period gap. The long term light curve of SDSS J214354 is similar to those of Z Cam type stars which are characterized by recurring standstills, followed by short intervals with DN type outbursts. Therefore, we conclude that SDSS J214354 is a new member of the Z Cam type stars.
Astrometric requirements for strong lensing time-delay cosmography
Authors: Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The time-delay between the arrival of photons of multiple images of time-variable sources can be used to constrain absolute distances in the Universe, and in turn obtain a direct estimate of the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters. To convert the time-delay into distances, it is well known that the gravitational potential of the main deflector and the contribution of the matter along the line of sight need to be known to a sufficient level of precision. In this paper, we discuss a new astrometric requirement that is becoming important, as time-delay cosmography improves in precision and accuracy with larger samples, and better data and modelling techniques. We derive an analytic expression for the propagation of astrometric uncertainties on the multiple image positions into the inference of the Hubble constant and derive requirements depending on image separation and relative time-delay. We note that this requirement applies equally to the image position measurements and to the accuracy of the model in reproducing them. To illustrate the requirement, we discuss some example lensing configurations and highlight that, especially for time-delays of order 10 d or shorter, the relative astrometric requirement is of order milliarcseconds, setting a tight requirement on both measurements and models. With current optical infrared technology, astrometric uncertainties may be the dominant limitation for strong lensing cosmography in the small image-separation regime when high-precision time-delays become accessible.
Molecular characteristics of reiterative DNA unwinding by the Caenorhabditis elegans RecQ helicase
Authors: Choi Seoyun , Lee Seung-Won , Kim Hajin , Ahn Byungchan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe RecQ family of helicases is highly conserved both structurally and functionally from bacteria to humans. Defects in human RecQ helicases are associated with genetic diseases that are characterized by cancer predisposition and/or premature aging. RecQ proteins exhibit 3′-5′ helicase activity and play critical roles in genome maintenance. Recent advances in single-molecule techniques have revealed the reiterative unwinding behavior of RecQ helicases. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear, with contradicting reports. Here, we characterized the unwinding dynamics of the Caenorhabditis elegans RecQ helicase HIM-6 using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. We found that HIM-6 exhibits reiterative DNA unwinding and the length of DNA unwound by the helicase is sharply defined at 25–31 bp. Experiments using various DNA substrates revealed that HIM-6 utilizes the mode of ‘sliding back’ on the translocated strand, without strand-switching for rewinding. Furthermore, we found that Caenorhabditis elegans replication protein A, a single-stranded DNA binding protein, suppresses the reiterative behavior of HIM-6 and induces unidirectional, processive unwinding, possibly through a direct interaction between the proteins. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of DNA unwinding by RecQ family helicases and their co-operation with RPA in processing DNA.
DNA Analysis by Restriction Enzyme (DARE) enables concurrent genomic and epigenomic characterization of single cells
Authors: Viswanathan Ramya , Cheruba Elsie , Cheow Lih Feng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Genome-wide profiling of copy number alterations and DNA methylation in single cells could enable detailed investigation into the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity of complex cell populations. However, current methods to do this require complex sample processing and cleanup steps, lack consistency, or are biased in their genomic representation. Here, we describe a novel single-tube enzymatic method, DNA Analysis by Restriction Enzyme (DARE), to perform deterministic whole genome amplification while preserving DNA methylation information. This method was evaluated on low amounts of DNA and single cells, and provides accurate copy number aberration calling and representative DNA methylation measurement across the whole genome. Single-cell DARE is an attractive and scalable approach for concurrent genomic and epigenomic characterization of cells in a heterogeneous population.
The Efficacy of Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel for Unilateral Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee , Choi Yunhee , Kuo Calvin C , Lee Urim , Yang Seung Heon , Lee Chang-Hyun , Jung Jong-Myung , Hwang Sung Hwan , Kim Dong Hwan , Yoon Joon Ho , Paik Seoi , Lee Hwa Jin , Jung Sunhyang , Park Sung Bae , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Park Hee-Pyoung 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In cervical open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy, a high-speed rotatory drill and rongeurs are used to make unicortical troughs and bicortical openings in the laminae. The lamina is reflected at the trough to enlarge the spinal canal, followed by bone healing on the hinge side to stabilize laminoplasty. The ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS) has been used due to theoretical advantages including a better hinge union rate, less soft tissue trauma, less neurological injury, and shorter operative time.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the superiority of UBS for hinge union compared to the drill through randomized controlled trial.

METHODS
In 190 randomly allocated cervical myelopathy patients, the trough and opening at the lamina were made using either the drill (n = 95) or UBS (n = 95) during 2015 to 2018. The primary outcome was the hinge union rate on 6-mo postoperative computed tomography. Secondary outcomes included the hinge union rate at 12 mo, the operative time, intraoperative/postoperative bleeding, neurological injury, complications, and clinical outcomes over a 24-mo follow-up.

RESULTS
Hinge union in all laminae was achieved in 60.0% (drill) and 43.9% (UBS) of patients at 6 mo (intention-to-treat analysis; P = .02; odds ratio, 2.1) and in 91.9% (drill) and 86.5% (UBS) at 12 mo. Dural injury only occurred in the drill group (2.1%), and the UBS group showed significantly less intraoperative bleeding (P < .01). The other secondary outcomes did not differ between groups.

CONCLUSION
The hinge union rate was inferior in the UBS group at 6 mo postoperatively, but UBS was efficacious in reducing dural injuries and bleeding.
Asking the Right Questions About Secondhand Smoke
Authors: Klein Jonathan D , Chamberlin Margaret E , Kress Elizabeth A , Geraci Mark W , Rosenblatt Susan , Boykan Rachel , Jenssen Brian , Rosenblatt Stanley M , Milberger Sharon , Adams William G , Goldstein Adam O , Rigotti Nancy A , Hovell Melbourne F , Holm Amanda L , Vandivier Richard W , Croxton Thomas L , Young Patricia L , Blissard Lani , Jewell Kate , Richardson Leisa , Ostrow John , Resnick Elissa A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Despite knowledge about major health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, systematic incorporation of SHS screening and counseling in clinical settings has not occurred.

Methods
A three-round modified Delphi Panel of tobacco control experts was convened to build consensus on the screening questions that should be asked and identify opportunities and barriers to SHS exposure screening and counseling. The panel considered four questions: (1) what questions should be asked about SHS exposure; (2) what are the top priorities to advance the goal of ensuring that these questions are asked; (3) what are the barriers to achieving these goals; and (4) how might these barriers be overcome. Each panel member submitted answers to the questions. Responses were summarized and successive rounds were reviewed by panel members for consolidation and prioritization.

Results
Panelists agreed that both adults and children should be screened during clinical encounters by asking if they are exposed or have ever been exposed to smoke from any tobacco products in their usual environment. The panel found that consistent clinician training, quality measurement or other accountability, and policy and electronic health records interventions were needed to successfully implement consistent screening.

Conclusions
The panel successfully generated screening questions and identified priorities to improve SHS exposure screening. Policy interventions and stakeholder engagement are needed to overcome barriers to implementing effective SHS screening.

Implications
In a modified Delphi panel, tobacco control and clinical prevention experts agreed that all adults and children should be screened during clinical encounters by asking if they are exposed or have ever been exposed to smoke from tobacco products. Consistent training, accountability, and policy and electronic health records interventions are needed to implement consistent screening. Increasing SHS screening will have a significant impact on public health and costs.
Social Causation, Social Selection, or Common Determinants? Examining Competing Explanations for the Link Between Young Adult Unemployment and Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Lee Jungeun Olivia , Horwood L John , Lee Woo Jung , Hackman Daniel A , McLeod Geraldine Fh , Boden Joseph M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionUnemployment has been related to smoking, yet the causal nature of the association is subject to continued debate. Social causation argues that unemployment triggers changes in smoking, whereas the social selection hypothesis proposes that pre-existing smoking behavior lowers the probability of maintaining employment. The present study tested these competing explanations while accounting for another alternative explanation—common liability.MethodsData were from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth to age 35. Odds were generated for having nicotine dependence in models for social causation and being unemployed in models for social selection. These models were extended to include possible common liability factors during childhood (eg, novelty seeking) and young adulthood (eg, major depression).ResultsIn the model testing social causation, coefficients representing the impacts of unemployment on nicotine dependence remained statistically significant and robust (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.00), even after accounting for common determinant measures. In contrast, a reverse social selection model revealed that coefficients representing the impacts of nicotine dependence on unemployment substantially attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant as childhood factors were added (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.45).ConclusionsUnemployment may serve as inroads to nicotine addiction among young adults, not the other way, even in the context of nicotine dependence, a more impaired form of smoking that may arguably hold higher potential to generate social selection processes. This social causation process cannot be completely attributable to common determinant factors.ImplicationsIt is critical to clarify whether unemployment triggers changes in smoking behaviors (ie, social causation) or vice versa (ie, social selection)—the answers to the question will lead to public health strategies with very different intervention targets to break the linkage. The current study findings favor social causation over social selection, regardless of gender, and support a needed shift in service profiles for unemployed young adults—from a narrow focus on job skills training to a more holistic approach that incorporates knowledge from addiction science in which unemployed young adults can find needed services to cope with job loss.
An Increase in the Tobacco Age-of-Sale to 21: For Debate in Europe
Authors: Nuyts Paulien A W , Kuipers Mirte A G , Willemsen Marc C , Kunst Anton E 
Published: August 2019

Implications
A debate on the adoption of a tobacco age-of-sale of 21 in Europe has not occurred, with the recent exception of the United Kingdom. The current legally set age of 18 years is proving to be inadequate as adolescents continue to access cigarettes. Tobacco 21 laws have the potential to further limit access to cigarettes by minors. We believe that soon the time will be ripe for this discussion to spread throughout Europe, specifically among countries that have adopted a smoke-free generation movement.
The whole picture of the large-scale structure of the CL1604 supercluster at z ∼ 0.9
Authors: Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei , Kodama Tadayuki , Komiyama Yutaka , Lin Yen-Ting , Miyazaki Satoshi , Shimakawa Rhythm , Suzuki Tomoko L , Tanaka Ichi , Yamamoto Moegi , Yamamoto Naoaki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the large-scale structure over a more than 50 comoving Mpc scale at $z \sim 0.9$ where the CL1604 supercluster, which is one of the largest structures ever known at high redshifts, is embedded. The wide-field deep imaging survey by the Subaru Strategic Program with the Hyper Suprime-Cam reveals that the already-known CL1604 supercluster is a mere part of larger-scale structure extending to both the north and the south. We confirm that there are galaxy clusters at three slightly different redshifts in the northern and southern sides of the supercluster by determining the redshifts of 55 red-sequence galaxies and 82 star-forming galaxies in total via follow-up spectroscopy with Subaru/FOCAS and Gemini-N/GMOS. This suggests that the structure known as the CL1604 supercluster is the tip of the iceberg. We investigate the stellar population of the red-sequence galaxies using 4000 Å break and Balmer H$\delta$ absorption lines. Almost all of the red-sequence galaxies brighter than $21.5\:$mag in the z band show an old stellar population of $\gtrsim\! 2\:$Gyr. The comparison of composite spectra of the red-sequence galaxies in the individual clusters show that the galaxies at a similar redshift have a similar stellar population age, even if they are located $\sim\! 50\:$Mpc apart from each other. However, there could be a large variation in the star formation history. Therefore, it is likely that galaxies associated with the large-scale structure on a 50 Mpc scale formed at almost the same time, have assembled into the denser regions, and then have evolved with different star formation history along the hierarchical growth of the cosmic web.
Why Special Relativity is a Problem for the A-Theory
Authors: Turner Jason 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeither special nor general relativity make any use of a notion of absolute simultaneity. Since A-Theories about time do make use of such a notion, it is natural to suspect that relativity and A-Theory are inconsistent. Many authors have argued that they are in fact not inconsistent, and I agree with that diagnosis here. But that doesn’t mean, as these authors seem to think, that A-Theory and relativity are happy bedfellows. I argue that relativity gives us good reason to reject the A-Theory, even though strict inconsistency isn’t that reason.
Fermion mass hierarchy in grand gauge-Higgs unification
Authors: Maru Nobuhito , Yatagai Yoshiki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Grand gauge-Higgs unification of 5D $SU(6)$ gauge theory on an orbifold $S^1/Z_2$ is discussed. The Standard Model (SM) fermions are introduced on one of the boundaries and some massive bulk fields are also introduced so that they couple to the SM fermions through the mass terms on the boundary. Integrating out the bulk fields generates SM fermion masses with exponentially small bulk mass dependences. The SM fermion masses except for the top quark are shown to be reproduced by mild tuning of the bulk masses. The one-loop Higgs potential is calculated and it is shown that electroweak symmetry breaking occurs by introducing additional bulk fields. The Higgs boson mass is also computed.
Finite-N corrections to the superconformal index of S-fold theories
Authors: Arai Reona , Imamura Yosuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study the superconformal index of S-fold theories by using the anti-de Sitter / conformal field theory correspondence. It is known that the index in the large-$N$ limit is reproduced as the contribution of bulk Kaluza–Klein modes. For finite-$N$, D3-branes wrapped around the non-trivial cycle in $\boldsymbol{S}^5/\mathbb{Z}_k$, which corresponds to Pfaffian-like operators, give the corrections of order $q^N$ to the index. We calculate the finite-$N$ corrections by analyzing the fluctuations of wrapped D3-branes. Comparisons to known results show that our formula correctly reproduces the corrections up to errors of order $q^{2N}$.