bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Müllerian hormone as a predictor of reproductive potential
Authors: Hawkins Bressler Leah , Steiner Anne 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a marker of ovarian reserve, declines over a woman's reproductive lifespan. AMH is highly correlated with a woman's age and number of primordial ovarian follicles, and has been shown to predict time to menopause in women in their 40s. For these reasons, it was assumed that AMH levels could predict a woman's reproductive potential or serve as a ‘fertility test’. Recently, studies have sought to determine the association between AMH and fertility.

Recent findings
Although a small, prospective, time-to-pregnancy study of 98 women suggested that an AMH level less than 0.7 ng/ml was associated with lower day-specific probabilities of conception, the follow-up, larger cohort did not identify an association with AMH and fecundability. Women with AMH values less than 0.7 ng/ml had similar pregnancy rates after 12 cycles of attempting to conceive as women with normal AMH values after adjusting for age. Four additional studies, including a secondary analysis of the NICHD EAGER trial including over 1200 women confirmed these findings.

Summary
Although AMH is a marker of ovarian reserve, existing literature does not support the use of AMH as a marker of reproductive potential in the general population.
Current clinical applications of antimullerian hormone
Authors: Merlotti Lindsay , Kuohung Wendy , Rinehart John 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Determine if literature supports the use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a useful biomarker of reproductive potential when cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) per retrieval are used as the outcome variable.

Recent findings
Advances in technology used in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) permit the use of single embryo transfer to achieve expected pregnancy success rates. Many IVF cycles result in the creation of more than a single embryo suitable for transfer per oocyte retrieval. Cryopreservation permits subsequent use of other embryos with no loss in total reproductive potential from single retrievals. Therefore, an emerging concept in IVF is the CLBR per retrieval as an indicator of the patient's reproductive potential. Using the total reproductive potential from a single retrieval may help patients decide on IVF. As such, any predictor of success that relies upon the live birth rate for a single transfer, as opposed to CLBR per retrieval, is inadequate to estimate the true reproductive potential for patient. AMH has been proposed as a biomarker for reproductive potential, but most studies have correlated an AMH value to a single embryo transfer.

Summary
A more appropriate way to use AMH levels may be to correlate the AMH with CLBR per retrieval. AMH may thus prove to be a useful biomarker when counseling patients about what to expect from their treatment.
Anti-müllerian hormone in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Dumont Agathe , Robin Geoffroy , Dewailly Didier 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism in young women and represents a true public health concern and an economic burden.

Recent findings
The pathophysiology of PCOS is still not fully understood, but progresses have been made and the relationships between anti mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, E2 and androgens have been explored. The follicle excess plays a central role in the syndrome and AMH is definitively a major component of this phenomena.

Summary
The aim of this chapter is to present the recent work studying the role of AMH in the pathophysiology of PCOS and to discuss the improvement that serum AMH assay brings in the diagnosis of PCOS.
Use of bone turnover markers in the management of osteoporosis
Authors: Jain Sumeet , Camacho Pauline 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Osteoporosis is a common public health problem that is often undertreated and underdiagnosed. The clinical management of osteoporosis is often reactionary to devastating fracture events. Bone turnover markers may improve the ease and rapidity at which osteoporosis is monitored and treated. Bone turnover markers are biochemical byproducts of bone formation or bone resorption. The clinical use of bone turnover markers is limited by significant preanalytical variability. Effective interpretation of bone turnover markers requires a detailed understanding of the variables that can affect their responses to osteoporosis treatment and monitoring.

Recent findings
Progress is continuously being made on the standardization of bone turnover markers. The literature on the response of bone turnover markers to unique clinical situations is expanding. Data for evidence-based reference intervals for bone turnover markers has increased. Variables that affect the appropriate timing of lab draws like diurnal variation, postprandial status, exercise and alcohol use have been described. Studies examining the expected response of bone turnover markers to treatments of osteoporosis and other medications that affect bone health continue to increase.

Summary
Bone turnover markers have clinical utility in the comprehensive evaluation of osteoporosis. When interpreted with caution and with a good understanding of their natural variability, bone turnover markers provide information that supplements osteoporosis management and provides useful clinical information about conditions that alter bone turnover.
The role of antimullerian hormone in assessing ovarian damage from chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery
Authors: Wong Queenie Ho Yan , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of reviewIatrogenic ovarian damage can occur after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery for cancer as well as for non-malignant conditions. This review describes the effects of such treatment on antimullerian hormone (AMH) and the implications of the fall in AMH in relation to ovarian function and fertility, especially in the era of improved fertility preservation strategies.Recent findingsThe risk of gonadotoxicity differs between chemotherapy regimens. There is growing evidence that pretreatment AMH has prognostic significance for the degree of fall in AMH after treatment, the reversibility of ovarian damage and risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. The accuracy of prediction increases when age is coupled with AMH. The adverse effect of removal of endometriomas is increasingly clear, and AMH pre and post surgery useful is assessing the degree of damage to the ovary. The implications of low AMH after such treatment on natural fertility and reproductive lifespan are less clear. Apart from treatment effects, there are other coexisting conditions that can affect AMH which needs to be taken into consideration during interpretation of AMH before and after treatment.SummaryA fall in AMH in women after gonadotoxic treatment has been consistently described, with variable recovery, the accurate interpretation and clinical application of post-treatment AMH level on reproductive lifespan and fertility prediction needs to be studied in future larger prospective studies with longer follow-up.
Marriage and Gut (Microbiome) Feelings: Tracing Novel Dyadic Pathways to Accelerated Aging
Authors: Kiecolt-Glaser Janice K. , Wilson Stephanie J. , Madison Annelise 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Within a couple, partners influence each other’s mental and physical health. This review focuses on how couples’ relationships, the partners’ individual and joint vulnerabilities, and their health behaviors influence health through changes in the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immune function. Couples’ shared stressors and emotions and their intertwined lifestyles and routines serve to promote common disease risks in part through parallel changes in their gut microbiotas. Marital discord, stress, and depression have strong bidirectional links, fueling one another. Chronic marital stress and depression can elevate the risk for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease by altering resting energy expenditure, insulin production, and triglyceride responses after unhealthy meals. During stressful times, health behaviors typically suffer—and sleep disturbances, poor diets, and sedentary behavior all influence these metabolic pathways while also promoting gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability (gut leakiness), providing a mechanistic pathway from marital distress and depression to heightened inflammation and accelerated aging. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota’s composition and gut leakiness foster immunosenescence, as well as the progression of inflamm-aging; these age-related risks may be altered by stress and depression, diet, sleep, exercise habits, and developmental shifts in emotion regulation strategies. Consideration of the strong mutual influences that partners have on each other’s mood and health behaviors, as well as the biological pathways that underlie these influences, provides a new way to view marriage’s health implications.
Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Thoracolaparoscopic Esophagectomy Versus Open Transthoracic Esophagectomy for Resectable Esophageal Cancer
Authors: van der Sluis Pieter C. , van der Horst Sylvia. , May Anne M. , Schippers Carlo , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Joore Hans C. A. , Kroese Christiaan C. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , Mook Stella , Vleggaar Frank P. , Borel Rinkes Inne H. M. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The standard curative treatment for patients with esophageal cancer is perioperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by open transthoracic esophagectomy (OTE). Robot-assisted minimally invasive thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy (RAMIE) may reduce complications.

Methods:
A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted, assigning 112 patients with resectable intrathoracic esophageal cancer to either RAMIE or OTE. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of overall surgery-related postoperative complications (modified Clavien-Dindo classification grade 2–5).

Results:
Overall surgery-related postoperative complications occurred less frequently after RAMIE (59%) compared to OTE (80%) [risk ratio with RAMIE (RR) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57–0.96; P = 0.02]. RAMIE resulted in less median blood loss (400 vs 568 mL, P <0.001), a lower percentage of pulmonary complications (RR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34–0.85; P = 0.005) and cardiac complications (RR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27–0.83; P = 0.006) and lower mean postoperative pain (visual analog scale, 1.86 vs 2.62; P < 0.001) compared to OTE. Functional recovery at postoperative day 14 was better in the RAMIE group [RR 1.48 (95% CI, 1.03–2.13; P = 0.038)] with better quality of life score at discharge [mean difference quality of life score 13.4 (2.0–24.7, p = 0.02)] and 6 weeks postdischarge [mean difference 11.1 quality of life score (1.0–21.1; P = 0.03)]. Short- and long-term oncological outcomes were comparable at a medium follow-up of 40 months.

Conclusions:
RAMIE resulted in a lower percentage of overall surgery-related and cardiopulmonary complications with lower postoperative pain, better short-term quality of life, and a better short-term postoperative functional recovery compared to OTE. Oncological outcomes were comparable and in concordance with the highest standards nowadays.
Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy: Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between the da Vinci Xi and Si
Authors: Kim Hong Kyu , Kim Hoon Yub , Chai Young Jun , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Berber Eren , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
The surgical outcomes for procedures using da Vinci Xi were compared with those of da Vinci Si in transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT).

Materials and Methods:
The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into 2 groups (da Vinci Xi vs. da Vinci Si) and surgical outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
Each group comprised 58 patients. The postoperative pain scores at operation day 0 were lower, the hospital stays were shorter, and the number of retrieved central lymph nodes in the papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were greater in the Xi group than in the Si group. There were no significant differences between groups in either vocal cord palsy or hypoparathyroidism rates. There were no TORT-specific complications in the Xi group. There was no conversion to endoscopic or conventional open thyroid surgery in both groups.

Conclusions:
TORT could be performed safely with both da Vinci Si and Xi systems.
An E2-ubiquitin thioester-driven approach to identify substrates modified with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules
Authors: Bakos Gabor , Yu Lu , Gak Igor A. , Roumeliotis Theodoros I. , Liakopoulos Dimitris , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Mansfeld Jörg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCovalent modifications of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules are instrumental to many biological processes. However, identifying the E3 ligase responsible for these modifications remains a major bottleneck in ubiquitin research. Here, we present an E2-thioester-driven identification (E2~dID) method for the targeted identification of substrates of specific E2 and E3 enzyme pairs. E2~dID exploits the central position of E2-conjugating enzymes in the ubiquitination cascade and providesin vitrogenerated biotinylated E2~ubiquitin thioester conjugates as the sole source for ubiquitinationin extracto. This enables purification and mass spectrometry-based identification of modified proteins under stringent conditions independently of the biological source of the extract. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of E2-dID by identifying and validating substrates of APC/C in human cells. Finally, we perform E2~dID with SUMO inS. cerevisiae, showing that this approach can be easily adapted to other ubiquitin-like modifiers and experimental models.
PCF11 links alternative polyadenylation to formation and spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma
Authors: Ogorodnikov Anton , Levin Michal , Tattikota Surendra , Tokalov Sergey , Hoque Mainul , Scherzinger Denise , Marini Federico , Poetsch Ansgar , Binder Harald , Macher-Göppinger Stephan , Tian Bin , Schaefer Michael , Lackner Karl , Westermann Frank , Danckwardt Sven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiversification at the transcriptome 3’end is an important and evolutionarily conserved layer of gene regulation associated with differentiation and dedifferentiation processes. However the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences are poorly defined. Here, we identify extensive transcriptome-3’end-alterations in neuroblastoma, a tumour entity with a paucity of recurrent somatic mutations and an unusually high frequency of spontaneous regression. Utilising extensive RNAi-screening we reveal the landscape and drivers of transcriptome-3’end-diversification, discovering PCF11 as critical regulator, directing alternative polyadenylation (APA) of hundreds of transcripts including a differentiation RNA-operon. PCF11 shapes inputs converging on WNT-signalling, and governs cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and neurodifferentiation. Postnatal PCF11 down-regulation induces a neurodifferentiation program, and low-level PCF11 in neuroblastoma associates with favourable outcome and spontaneous tumour regression. Our findings document a critical role for APA in tumourigenesis and describe a novel mechanism for cell fate reprogramming in neuroblastoma with important clinical implications. An interactive data repository of transcriptome-wide APA covering >170 RNAis, and an APA-network map with regulatory hubs is provided.
Spatiotemporal patterns of dunlin (Calidris alpina) in continental lakes of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gonçalves M. S. S. , Gil-Delgado J. A. , Gosálvez R. U. , López-Iborra G. M. , Ponz A. , Pons P. S. , Velasco A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatiotemporal dynamics may present different levels of regional or local stability, generally attributed to local habitat and landscape factors, reflecting the tolerances and ecological requirements of the populations. In this study, we examined the variations of dunlin abundance and occurrence in twenty-three wetlands of the “La Mancha Húmeda” Biosphere Reserve, central Spain, between October 2010 and July 2017. In addition, we observed the variations of local abundance in the lakes of the Manjavacas lagoon complex, seeking to understand the factors that determine the local movements of the wintering individuals. Eleven lakes had records of dunlin, but most of individuals (ca. 90%) were observed in the Manjavacas Lagoon Complex (Alcahozo and Manjavacas lakes). The preference for this complex associated with temporal variations of abundance between the Alcahozo and Manjavacas lagoons possibly reflects the specific characteristics of the invertebrate community available as prey, especially for the presence of anostracans and copepods. The results of this study are a first step in understanding the factors that lead this species to select continental wetlands as wintering sites.
Adjustment for index event bias in genome-wide association studies of subsequent events
Authors: Dudbridge Frank , Allen Richard J. , Sheehan Nuala A. , Schmidt A. Floriaan , Lee James C. , Jenkins R. Gisli , Wain Louise V. , Hingorani Aroon D. , Patel Riyaz S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing numerous genome-wide association studies of disease susceptibility, there is increasing interest in genetic associations with prognosis, survival or other subsequent events. Such associations are vulnerable to index event bias, by which selection of subjects according to disease status creates biased associations if common causes of incidence and prognosis are not accounted for. We propose an adjustment for index event bias using the residuals from the regression of genetic effects on prognosis on genetic effects on incidence. Our approach eliminates this bias when direct genetic effects on incidence and prognosis are independent, and otherwise reduces bias in realistic situations. In a study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we reverse a paradoxical association of the strong susceptibility gene MUCSB with increased survival, suggesting instead a significant association with decreased survival. In re-analysis of a study of Crohn’s disease prognosis, four regions remain associated at genome-wide significance but with increased standard errors.
A Simulation-Based Evaluation of Total-Evidence Dating Under the Fossilized Birth-Death Process
Authors: Luo Arong , Duchêne David A. , Zhang Chi , Zhu Chao-Dong , Ho Simon Y.W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBayesian molecular dating is widely used to study evolutionary timescales. This procedure usually involves phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data, with fossil-based calibrations applied as age constraints on internal nodes of the tree. An alternative approach is Bayesian total-evidence dating, which involves the joint analysis of molecular data from present-day taxa and morphological data from both extant and fossil taxa. Part of its appeal stems from the fossilized birth-death process, which provides a model of lineage diversification for the prior on the tree topology and node times. However, total-evidence dating faces a number of considerable challenges, especially those associated with fossil sampling and evolutionary models for morphological characters. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of total-evidence dating with the fossilized birth-death model. We simulated fossil occurrences and the evolution of nucleotide sequences and morphological characters under a wide range of conditions. Our analyses show that fossil occurrences have a greater influence than the degree of among-lineage rate variation or the number of morphological characters on estimates of node times and the tree topology. Total-evidence dating generally performs well in recovering the relationships among extant taxa, but has difficulties in correctly placing fossil taxa in the tree and identifying the number of sampled ancestors. The method yields accurate estimates of the origin time of the fossilized birth-death process and the ages of the root and crown group, although the precision of these estimates varies with the probability of fossil occurrence. The exclusion of morphological characters results in a slight overestimation of node times, whereas the exclusion of nucleotide sequences has a negative impact on inference of the tree topology. Overall, our results provide a detailed view of the performance of total-evidence dating, which will inform further development of the method and its application to key questions in evolutionary biology.
Targeting translation activity at the ribosome interface with UV-active small molecules
Authors: Kandala Divya T. , Del Piano Alessia , Minati Luca , Clamer Massimiliano 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPuromycin is a well-known antibiotic that is used to study the mechanism of protein synthesis and to monitor translation efficiency due to its incorporation into nascent peptide chains. However, puromycin effects outside the ribo-some catalytic core remain unexplored. Here, we developed two puromycin analogues (3PB and 3PC) that can efficiently interact with several proteins involved in translation, ribosome function and RNA processing. We biochemically characterized the binding of these analogues and globally mapped the direct small molecule-protein interactions in living cells using clickable and photoreactive puromycin-like probes in combination with in-depth mass spectrometry. We identified a list of proteins that interact with ribosomes during translation (e.g. eEF1A, ENO1 and GRP78) and we addressed possible uses of the probes to sense the activity of protein synthesis and to capture associated RNA. By coupling genome-wide RNA sequencing methods with these molecules, the characterization of unexplored translational control mechanisms will be feasible.
Methyl viologen can affect mitochondrial function in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cui Fuqiang , Brosché Mikael , Shapiguzov Alexey , He Xin-Qiang , Vainonen Julia P. , Leppälä Johanna , Trotta Andrea , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Salojärvi Jarkko , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Overmyer Kirk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling intermediates in plant metabolism, defence, and stress adaptation. The chloroplast and mitochondria are centres of metabolic control and ROS production, which coordinate stress responses in other cell compartments. The herbicide and experimental tool, methyl viologen (MV) induces ROS generation in the chloroplast under illumination, but is also toxic in non-photosynthetic organisms. We used MV to probe plant ROS signalling in compartments other than the chloroplast. Taking a genetic approach inArabidopsis thaliana, we used natural variation, QTL mapping, and mutant studies with MV in the light, but also under dark conditions, when the chloroplast electron transport is inactive. These studies revealed a light-independent MV-induced ROS-signalling pathway, suggesting mitochondrial involvement. Mitochondrial Mn SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE was required for ROS-tolerance and the effect of MV was enhanced by exogenous sugar, providing further evidence for the role of mitochondria. Mutant and hormone feeding assays revealed roles for stress hormones in organellar ROS-responses. Theradical-induced cell death1mutant, which is tolerant to MV-induced ROS and exhibits altered mitochondrial signalling, was used to probe interactions between organelles. Our studies implicate mitochondria in the response to ROS induced by MV.