bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative in vivo constituents and pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of ultrafine granular powder and traditional decoction slices of Chinese Salvia
Authors: Zhi Haijuan , Li Zhenwei , Deng Yanping , Qi Peng , Hou Jinjun , Deng Wen , Cheng Jinle , Wu Wanying , Guo Dean 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza, one of the most well‐known herbal medicines, is commonly used for the treatment of coronary heart diseases in China. Besides traditional decoction slices (TDS), another relatively new product of S. miltiorrhiza, ultrafine granular powder (UGP; D90 < 45 μm), is also increasingly being used. In this paper, a UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS technique was developed for a metabolite profile study after oral administration of UGP and TDS of S. miltiorrhiza. The results showed that the number of in vivo absorbed compounds from UGP was much greater than that from TDS, and different types of products from S. miltiorrhiza will have different metabolic processes in vivo. Furthermore, a UHPLC‐Q‐Trap MS/MS method for simultaneously determining four tanshinones (tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I and cryptotanshinone) was established and applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of the two types of products. All of the analytes displayed significant higher area under the concentration–time curve and peak concentration after oral administration of UGP than after TDS, indicating that ultrafine powder product could improve the bioavailability and absorption of cryptotanshinon,tanshinone II A,dihydrotanshinonE I and tanshinone I in vivo. The present study provides scientific information for further exploration of the pharmacology of these two types of S. miltiorrhiza and offers a reference for clinical administration of S. miltiorrhiza.
Astrocytes and radial glia‐like cells, but not neurons, display a nonapoptotic increase in caspase‐3 expression following exercise
Authors: Stevenson Morgan E. , Lensmire Nicole A. , Swain Rodney A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundExercise induces plasticity in the hippocampus, which includes increases in neurogenesis, the proliferation of new neurons, and angiogenesis, the sprouting of new capillaries from preexisting blood vessels. Following exercise, astrocytes also undergo morphological changes that parallel the events occurring in the neurovascular system. Interestingly, there have also been reports of apoptosis in the hippocampus following aerobic exercise. This experiment aimed to identify which population of hippocampal cells undergoes apoptosis after an acute bout of exercise.MethodsCleaved caspase‐3, a terminal protein in the apoptotic cascade, was initially used to identify apoptotic cells in the hippocampus after rats completed an acute bout of exercise. Next, the proportion of immature neurons, adult neurons, astrocytes, or radial glia‐like cells expressing cleaved caspase‐3 was quantified. TUNEL staining was completed as a second measure of apoptosis.ResultsFollowing exercise, cleaved caspase‐3 expression was increased in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus. Cleaved caspase‐3 was not highly expressed in neuronal populations, and expression was not increased in these cells postexercise. Instead, cleaved caspase‐3 was predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Following exercise, there was an increased number of cleaved caspase‐3 positive astrocytes in DG and CA1, and cleaved caspase‐3 positive radial glia‐like cells located in the subgranular zone. To determine whether cleaved caspase‐3 expression in these glial cells was associated with apoptosis, a TUNEL assay was completed. TUNEL staining was negligible in all groups and did not mirror the pattern of caspase‐3 labeling.ConclusionsCleaved caspase‐3 expression was detected largely in non‐neuronal cell populations, and the pattern of cleaved caspase‐3 expression did not match that of TUNEL. This suggests that after exercise, cleaved caspase‐3 expression may serve a nonapoptotic role in these hippocampal astrocytes and radial glia‐like cells. It will be important to identify the function of exercise‐induced cleaved caspase‐3 expression in the future experiments.
Association of neurofascin IgG4 and atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Wenyu , Xin Yanguo , He Zhiyi , Zhao Yinan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is the most commonly observed phenotype among chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies and is clinically variable. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value and characteristics of CIDP targeting neurofascin 155 (NF155).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on March 2018, and two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias on MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles.ResultsTen articles for the NF155 protein test with 1,161 patients and 1,636 controls were identified. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06–015), and specificity was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98–1.00) of the NF155 for CIDP. The meta‐analysis revealed that the sensory ataxic occurrence rate (OR: 10.79, 95% CI: 5.24–22.22) and tremor occurrence rate (OR: 6.71, 95% CI: 3.37–13.39) were higher among patients positive for NF155 compared with NF155‐negative CIDP patients. However, the rate of good treatment response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.42) was lower in NF155‐positive CIDP patients.ConclusionsNF155 is a specific protein marker for CIDP, but its diagnostic value has been questioned due to low sensitivity. However, as an antibody against paranodal antigens, NF155 seems more valuable in defining clinical subsets of CIDP.
An autopsy report of three kindred in a Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease P105L family with a special reference to prion protein, tau, and beta‐amyloid
Authors: Ishizawa Keisuke , Mitsufuji Takashi , Shioda Kei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Komori Takashi , Nakazato Yoshihiko , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki , Araki Nobuo , Yamamoto Toshimasa , Sasaki Atsushi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionGerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease P105L (GSS105) is a rare variant of GSS caused by a point mutation of the prion protein (PrP) gene at codon 105 (proline to leucine substitution). It is clinically characterized by spastic paraparesis and dementia and histopathologically defined by PrP‐plaques in the brain. This report describes a clinicopathological analysis of three autopsied kindred from a Japanese GSS105 family, plus a topological analysis of PrP, hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau), and beta‐amyloid (Aβ).MethodsUsing paraffin‐embedded sections, we applied histology and single‐ and multiple‐labeling immunohistochemistry for PrP, p‐tau, and Aβ to the three cases. Comparative semi‐quantitative analyses of tissue injuries and PrP‐plaques were also employed.ResultsCase 1 (45 years old (yo)) and Case 2 (56 yo) are sisters, and Case 3 (49 yo) is the son of Case 2. Case 1 and Case 2 presented with spastic paraparesis followed by dementia, whereas Case 3 presented, not with spastic paraparesis, but with psychiatric symptoms. In Case 1 and Case 2, the brain showed tissue injuries with many PrP‐plaques in the cerebral cortices, and the pyramidal tract showed myelin loss/pallor. In Case 3, the brain was least degenerated with a number of PrP‐plaques; however, the pyramidal tract remained intact. In addition, p‐tau was deposited in all cases, where p‐tau was present in or around PrP‐plaques. By double‐labeling immunohistochemistry, the colocalization of p‐tau with PrP‐plaques was confirmed. Moreover in Case 2, Aβ was deposited in the cerebral cortices. Interestingly, not only p‐tau but also Aβ was colocalized with PrP‐plaques. In all cases, both three repeat tau and four repeat tau were associated with PrP‐plaques.ConclusionsThe clinicopathological diversity of GSS105, which is possible even in the same family, was ascertained. Not only p‐tau but also Aβ could be induced by PrP (“secondary degeneration”), facilitating the kaleidoscopic symptoms of GSS.
Identification of tRNA‐derived small noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for prediction of recurrence in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Feng Wanting , Li Yongfei , Chu Jiahui , Li Jun , Zhang Yanhong , Ding Xiaorong , Fu Ziyi , Li Wei , Huang Xiang , Yin Yongmei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), an intrinsic subtype of breast cancer, is characterized by aggressive pathology and shorter overall survival. Yet there is no effective therapy for these patients. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in TNBC may account for treatment failure. It is urgent to identify new therapeutic targets for TNBC. tRNA‐derived small noncoding RNAs (tDRs) represent a new class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA), which have been reported in some human diseases and biological processes. However, there is no detailed information about the relationship between tDRs and BCSCs. In this study, a population of CD44+/CD24−/low cells was isolated and identified by reliable BCSC surface markers. tDR expression profiles in TNBC and non‐TNBC CSCs were performed by RNA sequencing. A total of 1327 differentially expressed tDRs contained 18 upregulated and 54 downregulated in TNBC group. Furthermore, the selected tDRs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). tDR‐000620 expression level was consistently lower in TNBC cell lines CSCs (all P < 0.05) and serum samples (t = 2.597, P = 0.013). tDR‐000620 expression was significant association with age (P = 0.018), node status (P = 0.026) and local recurrence (P = 0.019) by chi‐square test. Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank test for comparison of recurrence curves. The results showed that the tDR‐000620 expression (P = 0.002) and node status (P = 0.001) group were statistically significant with recurrence‐free survival. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that lymphatic metastasis (HR, 3.616; 95% CI, 1.234‐10.596; P = 0.019) and low tDR‐000620 expression (HR, 0.265; 95% CI, 0.073‐0.959; P = 0.043) were two independent adverse predictive factors for recurrence‐free survival. Finally, we found that tDR‐000620 participated in some important biological processes though GO and KEGG analysis. Taken together, our study reveals the expression profiles of tDRs in TNBC and non‐TNBC CSCs. It offers helpful information to understand the tDR‐000620 expression is responsible for the aggressive phenotype of BCSCs. It may provide predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TNBC recurrence.
Radiotherapy improves the survival of patients with stage IV NSCLC: A propensity score matched analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Ping , Li Qin , Qiao Yunfeng , Xu Tangpeng , Ruan Peng , Song Qibin , Fu Zhenming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe survival advantage of radiotherapy (RT) for patients with stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been adequately evaluated.MethodsWe analyzed stage IV NSCLC patients enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry through January 2010 to December 2012. Propensity score (PS) analysis with 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method was used to ensure well‐balanced characteristics of all comparison groups by histological types and metastatic sites. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazardous model were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI).ResultsGenerally speaking, there was a trend toward improved OS and CSS for using RT to stage IV NSCLC patients for any metastatic sites and for any histological types except adenocarcinoma (AD). Radiotherapy significantly improved the survival of NSCLC patients with metastasis to brain (P < 0.001), especially for AD (P < 0.001). For stage IV lung cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), RT for any metastatic sites could universally improve the OS (P < 0.001) and CSS (P < 0.001). In particular, RT was also associated with improving OS (P < 0.001) and CSS (P = 0.012) for stage IV patients with metastases of two or more sites, ie, polymetastatic disease. Furthermore, for those stage IV SQC patients without metastasis, RT, most likely to the primary site, also significantly improved the survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results support that RT might improve the survival of patients with metastatic NSCLC in a PS‐matched patient cohort from the large SEER database. It is prudent to carefully select patients for RT in metastatic NSCLC.
Tanshinone sensitized the antitumor effects of irradiation on laryngeal cancer via JNK pathway
Authors: Xu Hui , Hao Yu‐li , Xu Li‐na , Chen Liang , Xu Feng‐wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLaryngeal cancer is a common cancer occurred in the head and neck. Irradiation sensitivity is a problem affecting the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Tanshinone IIA has been reported to play an important role in treating multiple diseases; yet, whether Tanshinone IIA can be an irradiation sensitizer has not been reported. Clonogenic assay, annexin‐V/propidium iodide double‐staining assay, and Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay were performed to detect cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and viability. Mouse laryngeal cancer xenograft model was established and subjected to tumor size analysis. Tanshinone IIA treatment increased the irradiation sensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells by reducing cell survival, viability and proliferation, and increasing cell apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA treatment increased the survival period of mice in the in vivo laryngeal cancer model, evidenced by decreased growth and weight of tumors, which was possibly mediated through the JNK pathway. Tanshinone IIA increases the sensitivity to irradiation in laryngeal cancer cells and in vivo laryngeal cancer model, suggesting that Tanshinone IIA can be a therapeutic antitumor agent for treating laryngeal cancer.
The Extraction Socket Management Continuum: A Hierarchical Approach to Dental Implant Site Development
Authors: Cheng Albert W. , Berridge Joshua P. , McGary Ryan T. , Erley Kenneth J. , Johnson Thomas M. 
Published: September 2018

Focused Clinical QuestionHow should clinicians manage dental extraction sockets when immediate implant placement is contraindicated, and alveolar ridge preservation is expected to result in inadequate bone volume for implant placement?SummaryThree fundamental options for extraction socket management form a hierarchical continuum in sites where dental implant placement is planned: place an immediate implant, perform ridge preservation, or perform ridge augmentation. The available volume and quality of bone and keratinized mucosa are the primary considerations driving the decision, and each tier in the continuum encompasses a variety of techniques with attendant advantages and disadvantages.ConclusionsSome immediate implant protocols require no mucoperiosteal flap and possibly produce the most favorable clinical and patient‐centered outcomes compared with other extraction socket management approaches. Conversely, guided bone regeneration at dental extraction sites can result in substantial gains in alveolar ridge dimensions, although this treatment may adversely influence mucosal architecture and carry increased risk of postoperative morbidity. When favorable bone and mucosa are present at a dental extraction site, immediate implant placement may be the treatment of choice, barring unusual circumstances. Ridge preservation, typically associated with minimal postoperative morbidity, is a rational second choice when acceptable ridge dimensions are anticipated after healing.
Evaluation of In Situ Hardening β‐Tricalcium Phosphate/Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolide) Bone Substitute Used in Edentulous Ridge Preservation for Late Implant Placement: Case Series
Authors: Geivelis Miltiades M. , Lingen Mark W. , Takemura Akane 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe bioresorbable polymer poly(lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) coated β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) (β‐TCP/PLGA) bone substitute hardens into a stable and porous hard tissue scaffold when exposed to body fluids. Effectiveness of the novel alloplast has been examined in edentulous ridge preservation (ERP) following tooth extraction with subsequent early endosseous dental implant placement; however, it is not clear that the biomaterial is capable of maintaining the edentulous ridge volume to allow for late implant placement due to the rapid bioresorption property of β‐TCP. The purpose of this case series is to determine if the β‐TCP/PLGA bone substitute is a desirable material for ERP followed by late implant placement.Case PresentationTwo patients were treated with ERP and prepared for future endosseous dental implant placement. The β‐TCP/PLGA alloplast was placed in the extraction socket. The grafted site of one of the patients was covered by a bioresorbable membrane due to the critical loss of buccal plate. Endosseous dental implant fixtures were placed in both patients 10 months following ERP. Bone core specimens were taken at the time of endosseous dental implant fixture placement and were prepared for histologic assessment. The edentulous ridge volume was successfully maintained for dental implant placement in both cases. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the β‐TCP/PLGA alloplast was replaced by newly formed bone with or without guided bone regeneration membrane placement, 54.1% and 34.6%, respectively.ConclusionThe β‐TCP/PLGA bone substitute exhibited effectiveness in edentulous ridge preservation followed by late endosseous dental implant placement.
Antibody‐Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Ehlerding Emily B. , Cai Weibo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half‐lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody‐based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell‐adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
54‐cm enteric duplication cyst in a 13‐year‐old female
Authors: Elhasan Mohamed Elghazali Ahmed Basheer , Sirdab Younis A. , Bakheit Imad A. 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageEnteric duplication cyst is a very rare condition, the affected individual may be asymptomatic. It has serious complications, on top of which is a malignant transformation tendency. To avoid these complications, resection of the duplication seems to be mandatory, even if it is an incidental finding.
Diagnostic pitfalls for GJB2‐related hearing loss: A novel deletion detected by Array‐CGH analysis in a Japanese patient with congenital profound hearing loss
Authors: Abe Satoko , Nishio Shin‐ya , Yokota Yoh , Moteki Hideaki , Kumakawa Kozo , Usami Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageHere, we report a novel deletion (copy number variation: CNV) in the GJB2 gene observed in a Japanese hearing loss patient. The deleted segment started in the middle of the GJB2 gene, but the GJB6 gene remained intact. This partial deletion in the GJB2 gene highlights the need for further improvements in GJB2 screening.
Innovation of Expanded‐Bed Adsorption by Integrating Simulated Moving‐Bed Technology
Authors: Pathapati Trinath , Rutze Dennis N. , de Wit Pieter , den Boer Piet , Zaalberg Menne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBio‐based industries need efficient downstream solutions to process complex streams. This was addressed through a technology integration approach, where expanded‐bed adsorption (EBA) is integrated with simulated moving‐bed (SMB) technology. Current work involved adaptation of an SMB apparatus and control principle to implement expanded‐bed level control. As an outcome, EBA‐SMB technology was successfully applied for purification of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). This resulted in two‐fold increase in productivity and a GABA purity ≥ 92 % in one step from unclarified fermentation broth, compared to ≥ 93 % purity in case of clarified broth and packed‐bed SMB. These results proved that EBA‐SMB technology is able to enhance process efficiency and economics of bioprocesses.
Membrane‐Freeze Concentration Hybrid for Temperature‐Sensitive Biomolecules. Investigation, Application, and Techno‐Economic Benefits
Authors: van Beek Timo , Budde Michael , van Esch Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order to close the technology gap between membrane technologies and spray/freeze‐drying ideally with a technology that avoids thermal stress to sensitive enzyme solutions, the limits of freeze concentration for this application have been investigated. On laboratory scale it was found that average crystal sizes are > 300 µm despite high viscosity and ice separation is possible up to 42 % solids and > 1000 mm2s−1 viscosity. No activity loss was observed during concentration. A combination of two‐stage freeze concentration with a filter and wash column for ice liquid separation in an integrated setup with ultrafiltration has the greatest potential and was shown to be economically feasible in three out of four cases studied.
The Role of N‐Methyl Squaramides in a Hydrogen‐Bonding Strategy to Fold Peptidomimetic Compounds
Authors: Martínez‐Crespo Luís , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Costa Antonio , Rotger Carmen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall peptides and peptomimetic compounds are valuable tools to probe and study biological systems. Small synthetic peptide analogues adopt a given secondary structure driven by structural modules that organize the compound architecture. Among them, β‐ and α‐turn mimetics are widely used. This work reports SQ4 and SQ5 squaramido‐based turn modules that combine tertiary and secondary squaramide bonds in their structure to control their conformational properties. The efficacy of this combination has been evaluated to promote folding in peptide‐like compounds to obtain parallel and antiparallel‐hairpin model compounds in hydrogen‐bonding competitive media. Crystallographic structures of model compounds and conformational studies based on NMR spectroscopic analysis of the squaramido‐peptides confirm that secondary‐tertiary squaramides are more prone to adopt the E,Z‐conformation than di‐secondary squaramides, and consequently are more suitable to gain conformational control over foldable peptidomimetic compounds.