bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a wearable monitoring tool for in‐field ice hockey skating performance analysis
Authors: Stetter Bernd J. , Buckeridge Erica , Nigg Sandro R. , Sell Stefan , Stein Thorsten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe capturing of movements by means of wearable sensors has become increasingly popular in order to obtain sport performance measures during training or competition. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of using body worn accelerometers to identify previous highlighted performance related biomechanical changes in terms of substantial differences across skill levels and skating phases. Twenty‐two ice hockey players of different caliber were equipped with two 3D accelerometers, located on the skate and the waist, as they performed 30 m forward skating sprints on an ice rink. Two measures of the temporal stride characteristics (contact time and stride time) and one measure of the propulsive power (stride propulsion) of a skating stride were calculated and checked for discriminating effects across (i) skill levels and (ii) sprint phases as well as for their (iii) strength of association with the sprint performance (total sprint time). High caliber players showed an increased stride propulsion (+22%, P < 0.05) and shorter contact time (−5%, P < 0.05). All three analysed variables highlighted substantial biomechanical differences between the accelerative and constant velocity phases (P < 0.05). Stride propulsion of acceleration strides primarily correlated to total sprint time (r = −0.57, P < 0.05). The results demonstrate the potential of accelerometers to assess skating technique elements such as contact time or elements characterizing the propulsive power such as center of mass acceleration, to gauge skating performance. Thus, the findings of this study might contribute to establishing wearable sensors for in‐field ice hockey skating performance analysis.
The politics of industrial policy in a context of competitive clientelism: The case of Kenya’s garment export sector
Authors: Tyce Matthew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The success of Kenya’s garment export sector relative to other African countries challenges a growing pessimism regarding the prospects of devising and implementing industrial policy in contemporary Africa, particularly in contexts characterized by Competitive Clientelism. Kenya became sub-Saharan Africa’s fourth largest exporter of garments by value during the last two decades, catching up with major players like Lesotho and South Africa while converging on the two largest exporters, Mauritius and Madagascar. Nuancing existing explanations for the sector’s growth, which emphasize external factors like trade regimes and donor interventions, this article assigns a central role to the state and the balance of power that underpins it. The interests of key actors within Kenya’s political settlement aligned in a way that allowed the country’s Export Processing Zones (EPZ) programme to be relatively insulated from political pressures, giving the Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA) sufficient autonomy and coordination capacities to administer a highly-conducive business environment for predominantly foreign garment firms. However, while the sector’s employment and foreign exchange contributions have ensured ongoing political support, the resulting increase in garment firms’ holding power has made them more assertive in demanding policies that are not only decoupled from learning processes, but detrimental to other industry players.
A War of Position? The Thatcher Government’s Preparation for the 1984 Miners’ Strike
Authors: Vinen Richard 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
It has sometimes been suggested that the government of Margaret Thatcher responded to the miners’ strike of 1984/5 with plans that had been conceived long in advance. This article argues that Conservatives certainly discussed the prospect of a strike from the mid-1970s. However, they did not have clearly worked-out plans or much confidence in their ability to win such a dispute, and they became even more cautious after their humiliating retreat when faced with the threat of a strike in February 1981. Stockpiling coal was, initially, designed to deter a strike rather than to defeat one. Only slowly did some Tories reconcile themselves to the prospect that there was likely to be a strike and that 1984 was the least bad time to face it. Furthermore, Margaret Thatcher herself was not always keen to confront the miners and many of those who did the most to prepare and execute government strategy were not Thatcherites; some were civil servants rather than politicians.
Vedolizumab in Combination With Corticosteroids for Induction Therapy in Crohn’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of GEMINI 2 and 3
Authors: Sands Bruce E , Van Assche Gert , Tudor David , Akhundova-Unadkat Gamar , Curtis Rebecca I , Tan Tjoeke 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Combined therapy with vedolizumab and corticosteroids may improve clinical response or remission in Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study is to assess efficacy and safety/tolerability of vedolizumab plus stable doses of corticosteroids at baseline during induction therapy in moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease.

Methods
A post hoc exploratory analysis was performed on data from GEMINI 2 (NCT00783692) and GEMINI 3 (NCT01224171), which assessed outcomes following induction therapy over 6- and 10-week periods, respectively. Patients receiving vedolizumab or placebo were stratified by corticosteroid use at baseline. Efficacy endpoints were clinical remission (CR; Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score ≤150 points) and enhanced clinical response (ECR; decrease of ≥100 points in CDAI score from baseline), assessed at week 6 (GEMINI 2 and GEMINI 3) and week 10 (GEMINI 3). Safety endpoints included the incidence of adverse events.

Results
Vedolizumab plus corticosteroids resulted in higher CR rates than placebo plus corticosteroids at week 6 in GEMINI 2 and at week 6 and week 10 in GEMINI 3. More patients receiving vedolizumab plus corticosteroids achieved CR at week 6 in GEMINI 2 and at week 10 in GEMINI 3 than patients receiving vedolizumab alone. Vedolizumab plus corticosteroids also resulted in significantly higher ECR rates than placebo plus corticosteroids at all timepoints in both studies. More patients receiving vedolizumab plus corticosteroids achieved higher ECR rates at week 6 in GEMINI 2 and at week 10 in GEMINI 3 than patients receiving vedolizumab alone. Adverse event incidence was similar across groups.

Conclusions
Vedolizumab in combination with stable doses of corticosteroids at baseline may improve induction of clinical response or remission in moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease.

Trial registration numbers
NCT00783692, NCT01224171.
When phenotypes fail to illuminate underlying genetic processes in fish and fisheries science
Authors: Kuparinen Anna , Hutchings Jeffrey A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Advances in genetic and genomic technologies have become widely available and have potential to provide novel insights into fish biology and fisheries science. In the present overview, we explore cases for which genomic analyses have proven instrumental in the rejection of hypotheses that have been well-motivated based on phenotypic and ecological properties of individuals and populations. We focus on study systems for which information derived using genomic tools contradicts conclusions drawn from traditional fisheries science methodologies and assumptions. We further illustrate the non-intuitive interplay of genomics and ecology in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) owing to the recently detected genetic architecture of age at maturity in this species. To this end, we explore a salmon management strategy applied in Québec, Canada and find that management measures aimed at protecting large, old individuals can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes. Finally, we envisage ways in which genomic tools could be used more effectively in contemporary fisheries research and how their application could illuminate the ecological and evolutionary drivers of species and ecosystem dynamics.
Fishers’ knowledge improves the accuracy of food web model predictions
Authors: Bentley Jacob W , Serpetti Natalia , Fox Clive , Heymans Johanna J , Reid David G 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fisher's knowledge offers a valuable source of information to run parallel to observed data and fill gaps in our scientific knowledge. In this study we demonstrate how fishers' knowledge of historical fishing effort was incorporated into an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model of the Irish Sea to fill the significant gap in scientific knowledge prior to 2003. The Irish Sea model was fitted and results compared using fishing effort time-series based on: (i) scientific knowledge, (ii) fishers' knowledge, (iii) adjusted fishers' knowledge, and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), termed “hybrid knowledge.” The hybrid model produced the best overall statistical fit, capturing the biomass trends of commercially important stocks. Importantly, the hybrid model also replicated the increase in landings of groups such as “crabs & lobsters” and “epifauna” which were poorly simulated in scenario (i). Incorporating environmental drivers and adjusting vulnerabilities in the foraging arena further improved model fit, therefore the model shows that both fishing and the environment have historically influenced trends in finfish and shellfish stocks in the Irish Sea. The co-production of knowledge approach used here improved the accuracy of model simulations and may prove fundamental for developing ecosystem-based management advice in a global context.
Towards a Discourse Approach to Critical Lexicography
Authors: Chen Wenge 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ideology and power, the vital concerns of critical lexicography, are aspects of a dictionary that a lexicographer and a discerning dictionary user have to encounter in any serious lexicographical enterprise (Kachru 1995); however, critical lexicography as a theme did not receive much attention until Kachru and Kahane (1995). This term later appeared in Hornscheidt (2011) and Moon (2014). However, to date there has not been any systematic theoretical exemplification of what critical lexicography is and how critical lexicographical research is done. Additionally, the scope and function of critical lexicography is relatively limited when we consider the global context, since it fails to take into account theoretical and methodological inspirations from other disciplines such as Critical Discourse Studies and/or Postcolonial Studies, which would make it more theoretically robust and analytically explanatory. With this gap in mind, this paper proposes a discourse approach to Critical Lexicography, termed Critical Lexicographical Discourse Studies (CLDS), as a response to the call for lexicographers’ ‘social accountability’. Specifically, the article puts forward a definition of CLDS and its key concepts, denotes its ontological, epistemological and methodological orientations, delineates its principles, proposes a tentative analytic framework and demonstrates a simplified case study. The article argues that a discourse approach to critical lexicography opens up space to understand different meaning-making practices and contestation in lexicography. In doing so, this article contributes to the development of international (English) lexicography and the language(s) it represents.
Animal Research Pathology: Regulatory and Safety Considerations
Authors: Wallace J M , Trundy R L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Animal research pathology encompasses a wide array of procedures and may involve work with a variety of animal species and hazards. To protect laboratory personnel and ensure data integrity, pathologists must be familiar with the activities performed in their laboratories and the applicable regulatory and safety requirements. Failure to address issues proactively may result in exposure of personnel to hazardous materials and/or collection of data in a manner that does not conform to animal welfare or quality control standards. This manuscript provides a brief introduction to important animal research pathology regulatory and safety considerations. The importance of close communication between the principal investigator, pathologist, laboratory personnel, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and institutional safety office/experts is emphasized and a mechanism for improving communication is discussed.
Rapid Boosting of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Humans Following a Prolonged Immunologic Rest Period
Authors: Spearman Paul , Tomaras Georgia D , Montefiori David C , Huang Ying , Elizaga Marnie L , Ferrari Guido , Alam S Munir , Isaacs Abby , Ahmed Hasan , Hural John , McElrath M Juliana , Ouedraogo Laissa , Pensiero Michael , Butler Chris , Kalams Spyros A , Overton Edgar Turner , Barnett Susan W ,   HVTN 088 Protocol Team and the NIH/NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The durability and breadth of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–specific immune responses elicited through vaccination are important considerations in the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Responses to HIV-1 envelope subunit protein (Env) immunization in humans are often described as short-lived.

Methods
We enrolled 16 healthy volunteers who had received priming with an HIV-1 subtype B Env vaccine given with MF59 adjuvant 5–17 years previously and 20 healthy unprimed volunteers. Three booster immunizations with a heterologous subtype C trimeric gp140 protein vaccine were administered to the primed group, and the same subtype C gp140 protein vaccination regimen was administered to the unprimed subjects.

Results
Binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies to tier 1 viral isolates were detected in the majority of previously primed subjects. Remarkably, a single dose of protein boosted binding and neutralizing antibody titers in 100% of primed subjects following this prolonged immunologic rest period, and CD4+ T-cell responses were boosted in 75% of primed individuals.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that HIV-1 protein immunogens can elicit durable memory T- and B-cell responses and that strong tier 1 virus neutralizing responses can be elicited by a single booster dose of protein following a long immunologic rest period. However, we found no evidence that cross-clade boosting led to a significantly broadened neutralizing antibody response.
The Location of Hosted Asylum Seekers in OECD Regions and Cities
Authors: Proietti Paola , Veneri Paolo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This document provides a comparative assessment on the location of hosted asylum seekers in 18 European countries at the level of TL3 regions and in six countries at the municipal level. The assessment is based on an ad-hoc data collection from national statistical offices and governmental agencies in charge of monitoring the hosting of asylum seekers. The analysis aims to maximize data comparability across countries by focusing on those asylum seekers who are hosted in the reception system. Results show that, on average, asylum seekers are less concentrated in urban areas than the resident population. This result is robust at different geographical scales, namely at the scale of small administrative regions (OECD TL3), at that of functional urban areas—a comparable definition of cities applied to OECD countries—and at the municipal level. In the subset of countries where information was available, the share of asylum seekers in rural areas has on average increased between 2011 and 2015. The dispersal measures implemented in several of the countries considered might have played a role in this respect.
‘These Curly-Bearded, Olive-Skinned Warriors’: Medicine, Prosthetics, Rehabilitation and the Disabled Sepoy in the First World War, 1914–1920
Authors: Nair Aparna 
Published: January 2019

Summary
The sepoy had always been a central figure in colonial governance and policing and had played important roles in both world wars. Focusing on World War I, this article explores the sepoys’ corporeal experience of the war through their own letters. The article explores how the war had a catalytic impact on colonial perceptions of and responses to disability in the colony and how medicine, prosthetics and rehabilitation came to be seen as the ‘promise’ made by the Crown to Indian soldiers for their service. The article also examines the introduction of cultures and institutions of rehabilitation into the colony in the form of the Queen Mary Technical Institute and explores the intersections of race, empire and disability at these sites of rehabilitation.
Neutrophil activation in occupational asthma
Authors: Choi Youngwoo , Lee Youngsoo , Park Hae-Sim 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to emphasize the role of neutrophils in patients with occupational asthma. This review facilitates a better understanding, accurate diagnosis, and proper management of asthmatic reactions provoked at the workplace.

Recent findings
Increased recruitment and infiltration of neutrophils are found in patients with occupational asthma. Activated neutrophils release several mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular traps, leading to stimulation of airway epithelium and other inflammatory cells.

Summary
New insights into neutrophils in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma may provide a novel approach to the individual patient with occupational asthma.
One Small Step for Step 1
Authors: Andolsek Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2019

Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is a multiple-choice exam primarily measuring knowledge about foundational sciences and organ systems. The test was psychometrically designed as pass/fail for licensing boards to decide whether physician candidates meet minimum standards they deem necessary to obtain the medical licensure necessary to practice. With an increasing number of applicants to review, Step 1 scores are commonly used by residency program directors to screen applicants, even though the exam was not intended for this purpose. Elsewhere in this issue, Chen and colleagues describe the “Step 1 climate” that has evolved in undergraduate medical education, affecting learning, diversity, and well-being.
Addressing issues related to Step 1 is a challenge. Various stakeholders frequently spend more time demonizing one another rather than listening, addressing what lies under their respective control, and working collaboratively toward better long-term solutions. In this Invited Commentary, the author suggests how different constituencies can act now to improve this situation while aspirational future solutions are developed.
One suggestion is to report Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores as pass/fail and Step 2 Clinical Skills scores numerically. Any changes must be carefully implemented in a way that is mindful of the kind of unintended consequences that have befallen Step 1. The upcoming invitational conference on USMLE scoring (InCUS) will bring together representatives from all stakeholders. Until there is large-scale reform, all stakeholders should commit to taking (at least) one small step toward fixing Step 1 today.
Effect of Tuberosity Healing on Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients Treated With a Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for 3- and 4-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Simovitch Ryan W. , Roche Chris P. , Jones Richard B. , Routman Howard D. , Marczuk Yann , Wright Thomas W. , Zuckerman Joseph D. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
To evaluate tuberosity union rate and clinical outcome after 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in the elderly.

Design:
Retrospective, multicenter database cohort study.

Setting:
Level I and Level II trauma centers.

Patients:
Fifty-five patients older than 65 years had insertion of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for OTA/AO 11-B and 11-C proximal humerus fractures.

Intervention:
Treatment with RTSA using a dedicated low profile onlay fracture stem using variable tuberosity fixation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Constant score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score, University of California at Los Angeles score, Simple Shoulder Test score, visual analog pain score, shoulder function score, active range of motion, external rotation (ER)-specific tasks and position, rate of greater tuberosity healing, effect of tuberosity healing on overall clinical metrics, incidence of humeral lucency, and scapular notching.

Results:
Eighty-three percent of the greater tuberosities that were repaired united. Greater tuberosity union resulted in greater active ER (P = 0.0415). There was a statistically significant difference in the ability to do ER-type activities between the 2 cohorts reflected in the ability to position one's hand behind their head with the elbow forward (P = 0.002) and comb their hair (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The use of a low profile onlay fracture stem in RTSA for acute 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in the elderly can result in a high tuberosity union rate. Greater tuberosity healing significantly influences ER and ER-type activities that are not apparent by analysis of the overall metrics studied.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Psychiatric Illness Is Common in Elderly Fracture Patients
Authors: Gitajn Ida L. , Titus Alexander , Mastrangelo Sand , Ali Shuaibu , Sparks Michael , Jevsevar David 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
To (1) describe the prevalence of psychiatric illness in fracture patients ≥70 years of age and (2) investigate the association between psychiatric illness and complications requiring unplanned readmission in elderly patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients/participants:
One thousand one hundred eighty-six patients ≥70 years of age with surgically treated fractures and ≥1-month follow-up treated from 2012 to 2017.

Intervention:
None.

Main outcome measure:
Complication requiring unplanned readmission.

Results:
Forty-four percent of patients ≥70 years of age have psychiatric comorbidities, and of those, 34% had >1 diagnosis. There was a higher rate of readmission among patients with psychiatric diagnosis compared with those without psychiatric diagnosis (35% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). There was a higher prevalence of psychiatric illness among patients 70 years of age or older compared with patients less than 70 years of age (44% vs. 39%, P = 0.007). Multivariate regression analysis controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, dementia, delirium during admission, tobacco use, substance abuse, Injury Severity Score, fracture location, number of procedures, and number of fractures demonstrated an independent association between psychiatric illness and unplanned readmission (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.07, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Almost half of the elderly patients in the present cohort have psychiatric comorbidities. Furthermore, psychiatric illness is an independent predictor of unplanned readmission, which may have substantial consequences for recovery and cost of care. This emphasizes the need for more attention to these issues in geriatric patient populations and the need to identify means to influence the downstream consequences of these comorbidities.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.