bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytol as an anticarcinogenic and antitumoral agent: An in vivo study in swiss mice with DMBA‐Induced breast cancer
Authors: de Alencar Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros , Islam Muhammad Torequl , de Lima Rosália Maria Torres , Paz Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim , dos Reis Antonielly Campinho , da Mata Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira , Filho José Williams Gomes de Oliveira , Cerqueira Gilberto Santos , Ferreira Paulo Michel Pinheiro , e Sousa João Marcelo de Castro , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Melo‐Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhytol (PHY) (3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐2‐en‐1‐ol) exhibits various pharmacological properties including toxicity and cytotoxicity, and exerts antitumor activity. Owing to the urgent need of new pharmaceutical formulations for breast cancer therapy, this study aimed at the evaluation of antitumor activity of PHY in 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene‐cancer‐induced animal model. Comet assay was employed to evaluate the cytogenetics, DNA repair, and antigenotoxic activities of PHY in neoplastic (breast) and non‐neoplastic rodent cells (bone marrow, lymphocytes, and liver). Additionally, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in experimental animals. Thirty nonpregnant female mice (n = 5) underwent 7 weeks treatment with 6 mg/kg pro‐carcinogen, PHY (4 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg). Induction of cancer was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67. Results suggest that PHY exhibits low toxicity in comparison with other groups in hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and organ size parameters. Additionally, PHY showed modulatory effects on the pro‐carcinogen, and induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, it showed a DNA damage repair capacity in mouse lymphocytes. These data indicate that PHY may have the potential as an anticancer candidate in pharmaceutical consumption. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):200–212, 2019
The Continued Need for Strategy Investigations: College Readers’ Use of PILLAR
Authors: Theriault Jennifer C. , Matich Lisa M. , Lampi Jodi P. , Armstrong Sonya L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe authors report on a think‐aloud study of college students placed into developmental reading courses as they learned and implemented a new strategy device. The purpose was to investigate the device's potential utility for students, especially given the current practical trends in the field to move away from strategy instruction. Findings suggest that while reading textbook chapters in biology and history, the participants drew on existing text knowledge, awareness of disciplinary text differences, and awareness of metacognitive processes. The participants demonstrated that they were aware of their reliance on prior knowledge (of text structure and organization, of disciplinary differences, and of content knowledge) and also of gaps in their prior knowledge. This speaks to the need for empirical research on strategy devices, such as PILLAR, for new‐to‐college learners.
Interplay of topographical and biochemical cues in regulating osteoblast cellular activity in BMP‐2 eluting three‐dimensional cellular titanium alloy mesh structures
Authors: Nune Krishna Chaitanya , Misra R. Devesh Kumar , Bai Yun , Li Shujun , Yang Rui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to elucidate the elution response of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) in tuning cellular functions on 3D‐printed titanium alloy mesh scaffolds subjected to microarc/plasma electrolytic oxidation process. The microtopographical cues enabled strong interaction with BMP‐2 protein, which led to controlled release. Furthermore, the interaction of BMP‐2 with the surface microtopographical cue regulated osteoblast cellular activity by contributing to the early phase differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Thein vitroBMP‐2 release kinetics showed an initial burst of BMP‐2 after day 1, followed by a controlled release on plasma electrolytic oxidized mesh structure. The profile represented that the rate of release decreased with increase in time on both as‐fabricated and plasma electrolytic oxidized mesh structures after 24 h, with relatively higher degree on plasma electrolytic oxidized mesh structure. Furthermore, thein vitroosteoblast cellular activity indicated enhanced osteogenic induction on BMP‐2 adsorbed plasma electrolytic oxidized mesh structure. Cells penetrated into micropores through several filopodia‐like cellular extensions by increasing the area of contact, leading to stronger cell adhesion on BMP‐2 adsorbed plasma electrolytic oxidized mesh structure. The up‐regulation of biochemical markers and quantification of the expression level of cell secreted proteins underscored the determining role of BMP‐2 eluting 3D mesh structure in modulating osteoblasts functions. The study emphasizes the potential of BMP‐2 in rendering plasma electrolytic oxidized 3D‐printed titanium alloy mesh structure osteoinductive and controlled delivery of BMP‐2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 49–60, 2019.
Treatment of real aquaculture wastewater from a fishery utilizing phytoremediation with microalgae
Authors: Liu Yang , Lv Junping , Feng Jia , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Xie Shulian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, five microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum sp. GD, Parachlorella kessleri TY, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Scenedesmus obliquus) were cultivated in batch mode to evaluate their respective potential for the treatment of real aquaculture wastewater from a fishery. Subsequently, the microalga with the best performance was cultivated with different initial inoculation concentrations to evaluate the effect of initial inoculation on pollutant removal efficiency.RESULTSWhen real aquaculture wastewater was inoculated with exogenous microalgae, the growth of both indigenous microalgae and bacteria was significantly inhibited. Pollutant removal was closely related to exogenous inoculation of microalgae. Parachlorella kessleri TY had high growth potential and pollutant removal capability in aquaculture wastewater, compared with the other four microalgae. When the wastewater was inoculated with low biomass concentrations of P. kessleri TY (50–100 mg L−1), it grew well and degraded most of the encountered pollutant. In particular, P. kessleri TY with 100 mg L−1 of inoculation concentration removed 94.4% of COD, 96.2% of ammonium, 99% of nitrite, 94.3% of nitrate, and 95.6% of phosphorus after 3 days of cultivation.CONCLUSIONSBoth the screening for microalgal species and the regulation of initial inoculation concentrations are promising approaches to enhance pollutant removal efficiency from real aquaculture wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of phenotypic switch in gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells
Authors: Luesma María José , Cantarero Irene , Castiella Tomás , Sánchez‐Cano Ana Isabel , Iruzubieta Pablo , Junquera Concepción 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDedifferentiation is a loss of phenotypic specialization that converts differentiated cells into adult stem cells in order to proliferate and differentiate into replacement tissue. This occurs in several tissues from various organs, such as smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to describe ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in SMCs which could be compatible with a dedifferentiation process in human and rabbit intestinal muscles. Ultrastructural study and immunohistochemical staining (SMemb and MyoD) on human and rabbit duodenum tissue sections were performed. In both species, this dedifferentiation process is characterized by a loss of intercellular junctions, increased intercellular spaces, cytoskeletal disorganization, perinuclear accumulation of large vacuoles that tend to fuse, rupture of the vacuole membrane and release of cytoplasmic fragments. Dedifferentiated cells show the characteristic phenotype of a mesenchymal cell with scarce perinuclear cytoplasm, long cytoplasmic prolongations and finely distributed granular chromatin in the nucleus. These morphological changes are accompanied by a modulation to a less mature phenotype showing immunoreactivity for the embryonic form of the myosin heavy chain and for the myogenic regulatory factor MyoD. We suggest that SMC dedifferentiation includes the elimination of the contractile apparatus, the activation of the nucleus and the re‐expression of embryonic markers. We described an ultrastructural dedifferentiation process possible in intestinal SMCs. This dedifferentiation process seems to play a key role in the homeostasis of the intestinal muscle.
One stage atrioventricular nodal ablation and leadless pacemaker implantation for refractory atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lau Chu‐Pak , Lee Kathy Lai‐Fun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAtrioventricular nodal (AVN) ablation and right ventricular (RV) pacing is recommended for refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) and tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome. Three AF patients (mean age 83, range 79‐89 years) underwent AVN ablation and transvenous leadless pacemaker Micra™ implantations using the same venous access without anticoagulation interruption. Satisfactory pacing 0.59 (0.50‐0.63) V at 0.24 ms and sensing 11.2 (6.3‐15.6) mV were achieved within 1‐3 deployments. There were no vascular complications nor device dislodgment. Durable pacemaker parameters and VVIR pacing were achieved. Combined AVN ablation and leadless pacemaker implantation is feasible and safe, and avoids pacemaker pocket hematoma and bleeding complications in patients on uninterrupted anticoagulation.
Survival, causes of death, and cardiovascular events in patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Vanem Thy Thy , Geiran Odd Ragnar , Krohg‐Sørensen Kirsten , Røe Cecilie , Paus Benedicte , Rand‐Hendriksen Svend 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo explore survival, causes of death, and the prevalence of cardiovascular events in a Norwegian Marfan syndrome (MFS) cohort. MFS is a heritable connective tissue disorder associated with reduced life expectancy–primarily due to aortic pathology.MethodsA follow‐up study of 84 MFS adults, initially investigated in 2003–2004. In 2014–2015, 16 were deceased, 47 of 68 survivors consented to new clinical investigations. Analyses of events were performed for 47 survivors and 16 deceased at follow‐up. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR), using the mortality rate of the Norwegian population as reference, were calculated for all 84 and calculated for men and women separately. Causes of death and information on cardiovascular events were retrieved from death certificates and medical records.ResultsStandardized mortality ratios (95% confidence interval): for the whole cohort: 5.24 (3.00–8.51); for men: 8.20 (3.54–16.16); for women: 3.85 (1.66–7.58). Cardiovascular causes were found in 11 of 16 deceased, eight of these related to aortic pathology. Cancer was the cause of death in three patients. At follow‐up, 51% had new cardiovascular events; 59% had undergone aortic surgery. Men experienced aortic events at younger age than women. 32% of the survivors were not followed‐up as recommended.ConclusionLife expectancy is reduced in this MFS cohort compared to the Norwegian population. Cardiovascular complications develop throughout life, particularly aortic pathology, the major cause of death in MFS. Death and aortic pathology seem to occur earlier in men. There is a need to improve follow‐up according to guidelines.
Automatic treatment planning based on three‐dimensional dose distribution predicted from deep learning technique
Authors: Fan Jiawei , Wang Jiazhou , Chen Zhi , Hu Chaosu , Zhang Zhen , Hu Weigang 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo develop an automated treatment planning strategy for external beam intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), including a deep learning‐based three‐dimensional (3D) dose prediction and a dose distribution‐based plan generation algorithm.Methods and MaterialsA residual neural network‐based deep learning model is trained to predict a dose distribution based on patient‐specific geometry and prescription dose. A total of 270 head‐and‐neck cancer cases were enrolled in this study, including 195 cases in the training dataset, 25 cases in the validation dataset, and 50 cases in the testing dataset. All patients were treated with IMRT with a variety of different prescription patterns. The model input consists of CT images and contours delineating the organs at risk (OARs) and planning target volumes (PTVs). The algorithm output is trained to predict the dose distribution on the CT image slices. The obtained prediction model is used to predict dose distributions for new patients. Then, an optimization objective function based on these predicted dose distributions is created for automatic plan generation.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the deep learning method can predict clinically acceptable dose distributions. There is no statistically significant difference between prediction and real clinical plan for all clinically relevant dose–volume histogram (DVH) indices, except brainstem, right and left lens. However, the predicted plans were still clinically acceptable. The results of plan generation show no statistically significant differences between the automatic generated plan and the predicted plan except PTV70.4, but the difference is only 0.5% which is still clinically acceptable.ConclusionThis study developed a new automated radiotherapy treatment planning system based on 3D dose prediction and 3D dose distribution‐based optimization. It is a promising approach for realizing automated treatment planning in the future.
Butterfly nanostructures via regioregularly grafted multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) to improve photovoltaic characteristics
Authors: Hamdast Ali , Agbolaghi Samira , Zeighami Mohammad , Beygi‐Khosrowshahi Younes , Sarvari Raana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractButterfly nanostructures were designed using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grafted with regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (RR‐P3HT) chains (CNT‐graft‐P3HT). The secondary crystallization of RR‐P3HT free chains onto CNT‐graft‐P3HT reflected the donor–acceptor supramolecules with a butterfly configuration, in which the CNT acted as the body of the butterfly and seeded crystallization of P3HT free chains resulted in the wings having a width of 37–38 nm. Butterfly supramolecules demonstrated high melting point (241.2 °C), fusion enthalpy (31.5 J g−1) and crystallinity (85.13%). High photoluminescence quenching and thus donating–accepting property were also detected for the butterfly nanohybrids with a bandgap energy of 1.94 eV. Incorporation of butterfly nanostructures in the active layer of photovoltaic devices (P3HT:butterfly) conspicuously affected the system characteristics including short circuit current density (Jsc; 10.84 mA cm−2), fill factor (FF; 56%) and power conversion efficiency (PCE; 3.94%). The inclusion of phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester molecules as second acceptor in thin‐film active layers further increased the efficacy of systems, i.e. Jsc of 12.23 mA cm−2, FF of 63%, open circuit voltage of 0.66 V and PCE of 5.08%, without considering external treatments and additives. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Healthcare expenditures for privately insured US patients with cystic fibrosis, 2010‐2016
Authors: Grosse Scott D. , Do Thuy Quynh N. , Vu Michelle , Feng Lisa B. , Berry Jay G. , Sawicki Gregory S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesPublished cost estimates for cystic fibrosis (CF) are based on older data and do not reflect increased use of specialty drugs in recent years. We assessed recent trends in healthcare expenditures for CF patients in the United States (US) with employer‐sponsored health insurance.MethodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of claims data for privately insured individuals aged 0‐64 years who were continuously enrolled in non‐capitated plans for at least 1 calendar year during 2010‐2016. Mean annual expenditures during a calendar year were calculated for individuals who met a claims‐based CF case definition. Average annual growth rates were calculated through linear regression of the natural logarithm of annual expenditures.ResultsThe annual CF prevalence was 1.1‐1.4 per 10 000 adults and 2.9‐3.0 per 10 000 children. Average spending adjusted for inflation nearly doubled from roughly $67 000 per patient in 2010 and 2011 to approximately $131 000 per patient in 2016. Inflation‐adjusted spending on outpatient and inpatient care increased by 0.5% and 2.5% per year, respectively, whereas pharmaceutical spending increased by 20.2% per year. Virtually all of the growth in pharmaceutical spending was accounted for by spending on specialty drugs; inflation‐adjusted spending on other medications increased by 1.3% per year. The annual growth rate in pharmaceutical spending rose by 33.1% during 2014‐2016, the years during which lumacaftor/ivacaftor was introduced.ConclusionsPer‐patient expenditures for privately‐insured patients with CF almost doubled during 2010‐2016; specialty drugs were largely responsible for this increase, with a major contribution from new, genotype‐targeted CFTR modulator medications.
Validation of chemical genetics for the study of zipper‐interacting protein kinase signaling
Authors: Al‐Ghabkari Abdulhameed , Moffat Lori D. , Walsh Michael P. , MacDonald Justin A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractZipper‐interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a Ser/Thr kinase that mediates a variety of cellular functions. Analogue‐sensitive kinase technology was applied to the study of ZIPK signaling in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. ZIPK was engineered in the ATP‐binding pocket by substitution of a bulky gatekeeper amino acid (Leu93) with glycine. Cell‐permeable derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine provided effective inhibition of L93G‐ZIPK (1NM‐PP1, IC50, 1.0 μM; 3MB‐PP1, IC50, 2.0 μM; and 1NA‐PP1, IC50, 8.6 μM) but only 3MB‐PP1 had inhibitory potential (IC50 > 10 μM) toward wild‐type ZIPK. Each of the compounds also attenuated Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) activity under experimental conditions found to be optimal for inhibition of L93G‐ZIPK. In silico molecular simulations showed effective docking of 1NM‐PP1 into ZIPK following mutational enlargement of the ATP‐binding pocket. Molecular simulation of 1NM‐PP1 docking in the ATP‐binding pocket of ROCK was also completed. The 1NM‐PP1 inhibitor was selected as the optimal compound for selective chemical genetics in smooth muscle cells since it displayed the highest potency for L93G‐ZIPK relative to WT‐ZIPK and the weakest off‐target effects against other relevant kinases. Finally, the 1NM‐PP1 and L93G‐ZIPK pairing was effectively applied in vascular smooth muscle cells to manipulate the phosphorylation level of LC20, a previously defined target of ZIPK.
Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrochemical‐Thermal Model Using Various Materials as Cathode Material: A Simulation Study
Authors: Zheng Gang , Zhang Wenchao , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemical‐thermal characteristics are studied by using 2D (two‐dimensional) axisymmetric multi‐physics model coupled with a 1D (one‐dimension) model to study thermal safety of the 18650 lithium‐ion battery with various cathode materials. LiCoO2 (LCO), LiFePO4 (LFP), LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) materials have been modeled about their temperature change in different charge/discharge rates. Also, battery with identical cathode material under various charging and discharging ratio is studied about the temperature safety. The simulation results showed that the temperature roughly increases by 5 degrees with the ratio of each increment of 2C for an identical material. Under the 10C ratio, the highest temperature of LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 is 63.6 oC and 63.8 oC respectively, which means they have the best thermal stability and thermal safety. Among the five positive electrode materials, the thermal stability of LiFePO4, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, LiMn2O4, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and LiCoO2 decreased successively. The influence of different materials and charge/discharge ratio on the thermal behavior of the battery was analyzed and discussed. The simulation results are similar to the prediction results, but it can get the visualized results in principle with the advantage of shorter time, which is instructive to vast researchers.
Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Phosphine Mediated Synthesis of Multisubstituted Furans via Intramolecular Annulation of 1, 4‐Enediones
Authors: Rajeshkumar Venkatachalam , Neelamegam Chinnaraj , John Lisa , Anandan Sambandam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of multisubstituted furans through tricyclohexylphophine mediated intramolecular annulation of 1, 4‐enediones under solvent‐free greener reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack of P(Cy)3 on the β‐carbon of 1, 4‐enediones to form oxaphosphetanes with new C–O bond formation which further eliminates O=P(Cy)3 to afford furans. The present methodology is compatible with a wide range of substrates and enabled the synthesis of a broad range of biologically significant furan derivatives in good to excellent yields (55–93%).
Thienochrysenocarbazole‐Based Dyes for Solar Cell: A Theoretical Investigation of the Tethering‐Position‐Related Influence of Triple‐Bond on the Electronic and Optical Properties
Authors: Mu Yanfei , Dong Guangxing , Dong Xiandui , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of organic dyes based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) donors characteristic of coplanar skeleton in conjunction with acceptors involving benzothiadiazole unit recently brought forth consecutive improvement for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In this paper, we systematically investigate the tethering‐position‐related influence of triple‐bond insertion on the intrinsic geometric, electronic and optical properties of organic dyes with PAHs as the central blocks based on the density functional theory. We consider two isomer donors, where a thienochrysenocarbazole (TCC) unit is substituted by alkoxyphenyl at either thiophene (t‐PTCC) or naphthalene (n‐PTCC) moiety, with benzothiadiazole‐benzoic acid acceptor linked to the donor either directly or through ethynyl linkage. The tethering‐position‐related torsion angle between the donor and acceptor plays a significant role in determining the electronic and optical properties of these sensitizers. The introduction of triple‐bond can bring forth improved coplanarity of skeleton as well as energy‐gap shrinkage; however, it also results in an increased distance between the spatial distributions of the frontier molecular orbitals. Our study has underlined that the resultant red or blue shifting of absorption spectrum induced by the triple‐bond insertion is jointly determined by the interplay between the overlap degree of frontier molecular orbitals and energy‐gap.
An Efficient Chemical Conversion of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Ulgheri Fausta , Spanu Pietro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report a new and efficient one‐pot oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone by using cheap and safe positive chlorine sources in presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. High selectivity and yields were obtained under mild conditions. The best results were obtained with aluminium chloride hexahydrate, but also zeolites or alumina can catalyse the reaction. This methodology provides a direct and convenient chemical route for the production of dihydroxyacetone.