bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing animal anatomy and internal composition for electromagnetic modelling in radar entomology
Authors: Mirkovic Djordje , Stepanian Phillip M. , Wainwright Charlotte E. , Reynolds Don R. , Menz Myles H. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of radar as an observational tool in entomological studies has a long history, and ongoing advances in operational radar networks and radio‐frequency technology hold promise for advances in applications such as aerial insect detection, identification and quantification. Realizing this potential requires increasingly sophisticated characterizations of radio‐scattering signatures for a broad set of insect taxa, including variability in probing radar wavelength, polarization and aspect angle. Although this task has traditionally been approached through laboratory measurement of radar cross‐sections, the effort required to create a comprehensive specimen‐based library of scattering signatures would be prohibitive. As an alternative, we investigate the performance of electromagnetic modelling for creating such a database, focusing particularly on the influence of geometric and dielectric model properties on the accuracy of synthesized scattering signatures. We use a published database which includes geometric size measurements and laboratory‐measured radar cross‐sections for 194 insect specimens. The insect anatomy and body composition were emulated using six different models, and radar cross‐sections of each model were obtained through electromagnetic modelling and compared with the original laboratory measurements. Of the models tested, the prolate ellipsoid with an internal dielectric of homogenized chitin and hemolymph mixture best replicates the measurements, providing an appropriate technique for further modelling efforts.
A Selective Three‐Component, One‐Pot Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroquinazolines and Quinazolines
Authors: Dayakar Cherupally , Raju BhimapakaChina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA facile and selective method has been developed for the preparation of 1,2‐dihydroquinazolines 3 a‐u, quinazolines 5 a‐f and spiro cyclohexane‐1,2‐quinazolines 7 a‐d by the reaction of 2‐aminoacetophenones, benzophenones with β‐ketoesters, 1,3‐diketones and cyclic ketones in the presence of ammonium salts for the first time.
Triazole Biheterocycles from Cinchona Alkaloids: Coordination and Antiproliferative Properties
Authors: Boratyński Przemysław J. , Gałęzowska Joanna , Turkowiak Kamil , Anisiewicz Artur , Kowalczyk Rafał , Wietrzyk Joanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEighteen new copper‐complexing derivatives of Cinchona alkaloids entailing 1,2,3‐triazole rings connected to pyridine, pyrimidine and quinoline were obtained in Sonogashira and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The compounds were tested in an antiproliferative assay against five different cancer cell lines and those containing quinoline‐triazole system exhibited pronounced inhibitory effect comparable, or exceeding that of cisplatin. Quinine derivative substituted at position 2’ with triazolyl‐phenol moiety showed promising selectivity against HT‐29 colon cancer cell line (IC50 0.65 μg/mL).
BSA‐CuS Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Diabetic Wound Infection In Vivo
Authors: Zhao Yan , Cai Qiliang , Qi Wei , Jia Yuchi , Xiong Tingyuan , Fan Zhenqian , Liu Shuangqing , Yang Jie , Li Nan , Chang Baocheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiabetic vascular stenosis and multi‐drug resistance limit the efficacy of traditional antibiotic therapy to the diabetic wound infection, so developing advanced therapy is highly desired. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a novel noninvasive technique and enables transferring near‐infrared (NIR) light energy into heat to kill bacteria pathogens directly using PTT agents. Among various PTT agents, bovine serum albumin stabilized‐CuS (BSA‐CuS) nanoparticles are emerging as an ideal PTT agent with the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, low toxicity, good biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency. However, no one has applied this high‐performance PTT nanoagent in the treatment of diabetic wound infection in vivo. Herein, we present PTT for diabetic wound infection in vivo using BSA‐CuS nanoparticles. The prepared CuS nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity, excellent water solubility and high photothermal performance. Most of the bacteria in vitro were destroyed after the treatment of BSA‐CuS nanoparticles and laser irradiation. Furthermore, the infected wounds of diabetic mice treated with CuS nanoparticles‐based PTT healed faster than the control group with negligible systemic damage. The proposed PTT using BSA‐CuS nanoparticles opens up a new way for the treatment of diabetic wound infection in vivo, and shows great potential in clinical translation for antibacterial treatment against various diseases.
Ni‐Doped MoS2 as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution in Alkine Media
Authors: Kong Xiangbin , Wang Ning , Zhang Qixing , Liang Junhui , Wang Manjing , Wei Changchun , Chen Xinliang , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrogen generation from overall water splitting in alkine media is a convenient and promising technology for solving global energy dilemma. As a key half reaction, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) involves a complicated electrochemical process, and preparing high‐performance catalysts based on earth‐abundant elements is a matter of urgency. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a robust electrocatalyst that has been widely studied in acidic HER, but the low‐concentration of active sites and slow‐reaction rate limit its application in alkine electrolytes. To solve the above issues, we successfully fabricated a three‐dimensional Ni doped MoS2 (MoS2:Ni) catalyst by a simple two‐step approach for excellent catalytic performance. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggested that the nickel acted as new active sites, and the electronic interactions between nickel and molybdenum led to the redistribution of charge to promote the involved process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicated that MoS2:Ni performed a faster charge‐transfer. In addition, the developed catalyst showed a lower overpotential and 91 mV decrease compared to those of pure MoS2 at 10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 M KOH. The study reported here may inspire the synthesis of advanced nanomaterials and provide concepts for improving the HER capabilities of MoS2‐based catalysts.
Revealing the Critical Role of Titanium in Layered Manganese‐Based Oxides toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries via a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Fang Tiancheng , Guo Shaohua , Jiang Kezhu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Di , Feng Yuzhang , Zhang Xueping , Wang Peng , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. Manganese‐based layered oxides are extensively studied as a cathode of sodium‐ion batteries due to the low cost and high electrochemical activity. However, these layered cathodes usually suffer from the severe manganese dissolution originated from Jahn–Teller distortion, thereby leading to severe capacity fading and structural deterioration. Herein, it is demonstrated via a combined experimental and theoretical study, titanium substitution in layered manganese‐based oxides can weaken the Jahn–Teller effect, minimize the relative dissolution, and thus enable robust sodium storage during long‐term operation. Results reveal that Ti‐doping can restrain shrinkage or elongation of the MnO octahedral structure to minimize the Jahn–Teller distortion for Mn atoms surrounded by titanium. Consequently, P2‐Na0.86Co0.475Mn0.475Ti0.05O2 can deliver a reversible capacity over 110 mAh g−1, good rate capability, and superior long‐cycling performance (81.1% cycle retention after 200 cycles at high rate of 5 C). The findings provide new opportunities for design of high‐performance electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries and deepen the understanding of intercalation chemistry in layered structures.
Teaching Vocabulary for Application: Two Model Practices
Authors: Manyak Patrick C. , Manyak Ann‐Margaret , Cimino Nicole D. , Horton Amy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe authors develop the concept of teaching vocabulary for application (TVA) as a component of comprehensive vocabulary instruction. TVA is instruction that focuses on students’ skillful application of small sets of words within academic tasks, such as text analysis and writing. The authors discuss how this instruction, with its extended focus on high‐value words and its explicit goal of improving students’ oral and written language, represents an effective balance to common vocabulary instruction focused on teaching individual word meanings. The authors then illustrate the nature and potential of TVA instruction by describing activities for teaching connectives and character trait vocabulary. These descriptions document the benefits of the activities, including the enhancement of student writing, the stimulation of rich discussion, and the heightening of students’ awareness of words throughout the school day.
Improving nested case-control studies to conduct a full competing-risks analysis for nosocomial infections
Authors: Hazard Derek , Schumacher Martin , Palomar-Martinez Mercedes , Alvarez-Lerma Francisco , Olaechea-Astigarraga Pedro , Wolkewitz Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveCompeting risks are a necessary consideration when analyzing risk factors for nosocomial infections (NIs). In this article, we identify additional information that a competing risks analysis provides in a hospital setting. Furthermore, we improve on established methods for nested case-control designs to acquire this information.MethodsUsing data from 2 Spanish intensive care units and model simulations, we show how controls selected by time-dynamic sampling for NI can be weighted to perform risk-factor analysis for death or discharge without infection. This extension not only enables hazard rate analysis for the competing risk, it also enables prediction analysis for NI.ResultsThe estimates acquired from the extension were in good agreement with the results from the full (real and simulated) cohort dataset. The reduced dataset results averted any false interpretation common in a competing-risks setting.ConclusionsUsing additional information that is routinely collected in a hospital setting, a nested case-control design can be successfully adapted to avoid a competing risks bias. Furthermore, this adapted method can be used to reanalyze past nested case-control studies to enhance their findings.
A novel sink drain cover prevents dispersal of microorganisms from contaminated sink drains
Authors: Livingston Scott H. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Gestrich Scott , Jencson Annette L. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn hospital sinks, a novel plastic drain cover was effective in preventing dispersal of gram-negative bacilli and fluorescent gel associated with splattering of flowing water. Our findings suggest that the sink drain covers could provide a simple means to reduce dissemination of pathogens from contaminated sinks.
Genetic and environmental influences on gambling disorder liability: a replication and combined analysis of two twin studies
Authors: Davis Christal N. , Slutske Wendy S. , Martin Nicholas G. , Agrawal Arpana , Lynskey Michael T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundGambling disorder (GD), recognized in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version 5 (DSM-5) as a behavioral addiction, is associated with a range of adverse outcomes. However, there has been little research on the genetic and environmental influences on the development of this disorder. This study reports results from the largest twin study of GD conducted to date.MethodsReplication and combined analyses were based on samples of 3292 (mean age 31.8, born 1972–79) and 4764 (mean age 37.7, born 1964–71) male, female, and unlike-sex twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry. Univariate biometric twin models estimated the proportion of variation in the latent GD liability that could be attributed to genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental factors, and whether these differed quantitatively or qualitatively for men and women.ResultsIn the replication study, when using a lower GD threshold, there was evidence for significant genetic (60%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 45–76%) and unique environmental (40%; 95% CI 24–56%), but not shared environmental contributions (0%; 95% CI 0–0%) to GD liability; this did not significantly differ from the original study. In the combined analysis, higher GD thresholds (such as one consistent with DSM-5 GD) and a multiple threshold definitions of GD yielded similar results. There was no evidence for quantitative or qualitative sex differences in the liability for GD.ConclusionsTwin studies of GD are few in number but they tell a remarkably similar story: substantial genetic and unique environmental influences, with no evidence for shared environmental contributions or sex differences in GD liability.
Fear of economic policies may be domain-specific, and social emotions can explain why
Authors: Chowdhury Avijit , Yu Rongjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeople are social animals who value social goods uniquely. In discussions about how economic policies are evaluated by the layperson, it is essential to consider how they may evoke repulsive social emotions such as disgust and anger. We propose that fear of economic policies is not general and that it is specific to items where markets tend to assault certain social values.
Economic complexities and cognitive hurdles: Accounting for specific economic misconceptions without an ultimate cause
Authors: Leiser David , Shemesh Yhonatan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDo folk-economic beliefs have an ultimate cause? We argue that, in many cases, the answer is negative. Cognition is constrained in both scope (via long-term memory [LTM]) and depth (via working memory [WM]). Consequently, laypeople are challenged by concepts essential for understanding complex systems, economics included: aggregation, indirect causation, and equilibrium. We discuss several economic misconceptions arising from this acute mismatch.
Developmental and cultural factors in economic beliefs
Authors: Miton Helena , Sperber Dan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBoyer & Petersen (B&P) assume that the intuitive systems underlying folk-economic beliefs (FEBs), and, in particular, emporiophobia, evolved in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), before markets. This makes the historical development of markets puzzling. We suggest that what evolved in the EEA are templates that help children develop intuitive systems partly adjusted to their cultural environment. This helps resolve the puzzle.
Use of semi-intensive shrimp farms as alternative foraging areas by migratory shorebird populations in tropical areas
Authors: NAVEDO JUAN G. , FERNÁNDEZ GUILLERMO 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEvaluating the ability of anthropogenic habitats to serve as surrogates for natural habitats is an increasingly relevant issue in conservation biology. This issue is especially urgent in tropical coastal wetlands that support large concentrations of migratory shorebird populations and are under pressure from development. Here we evaluated the species composition, abundance, and habitat use of Nearctic migratory shorebirds using recently harvested aquaculture ponds during two non-breeding seasons at shrimp farms surrounding Bahía Santa María (BSM), northwestern Mexico. We also estimated shorebird densities at intertidal units in BSM during and after the harvesting season to explore the connectivity with shrimp farms. Over 25,000 individuals of 25 shorebird species used the surveyed farms (∼13% of shrimp-farm development in BSM; 2014–2015: 10 farms, 994 ha; 2015–2016: 8 farms, 924 ha) during the harvest season. The most abundant species were: Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Willet Tringa semipalmata, Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa, dowitchers Limnodromus spp., Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus and American Avocet Recurvirostra americana. Numbers of birds decreased as the harvest cycle progressed. Most birds (> 70%) were foraging on the ponds, regardless of tidal stage, while numbers increased during high tide for the most abundant species. At surveyed intertidal areas, shorebird densities were overall similar within and between non-breeding seasons. These results indicate that shrimp farms offer ephemeral but consistent foraging habitats used by non-breeding shorebirds, even in vast coastal wetlands offering a high availability of natural intertidal mudflats. Assuming a similar shorebird use in other shrimp ponds not surveyed within BSM, a significant proportion (> 1% of the biogeographic population) of Willet, Marbled Godwit, and Western Sandpiper, as well as imperilled Red Knot Calidris canutus, might use shrimp farms throughout the harvesting season. Before including current semi-intensive shrimp farms within management plans of BSM, further research is mandatory to assess their utility as alternative foraging habitats for shorebird conservation at tropical areas.
Food industry sponsorship of academic research: investigating commercial bias in the research agenda
Authors: Fabbri Alice , Holland Taylor J , Bero Lisa A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify scientific publications that result from food industry-funded projects on human health and to characterize their research topics to assess the potential for bias in the research agenda.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Setting/SubjectsFood industry-supported projects related to human health were identified from food company websites; publications resulting from the food industry-sponsored projects were identified through a PubMed search.ResultsOf ten companies analysed, only two (Coca-Cola and the Mars Center for Cocoa Health Science) provided a list of research projects with sufficient detail for analysis. Among the 204 publications resulting from thirty-seven disclosed research projects, the most common topic was physical activity (40·7 %), while highly processed foods were analysed in 10·8 % of the publications. Twenty-two publications (10·8 %) focused on research integrity or research methods.ConclusionsPublications resulting from Coca-Cola- and Mars-sponsored research appear to skew the evidence towards solutions that favour industry interests by focusing on food components that can be manipulated and marketed by food companies. These food industry-funded publications can also distract from nutrition as a health issue by diverting public and policy attention to physical activity. Shaping the debate around scientific methods can be another strategy that corporations use for their benefit to raise doubts about the methods used in non-industry sponsored research.
Application Timing and Degradation Rate of Sulfosulfuron in Soil Co-affect Control Efficacy of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato
Authors: Paporisch Amit , Laor Yael , Rubin Baruch , Achdari Guy , Eizenberg Hanan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEgyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiacaPers.) is a root-parasitic weed that severely damages many crops worldwide, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.). In Israel, the management protocol used forP. aegyptiacain open-field tomato includes PPI sulfosulfuron at 37.5 g ai ha−1to the top 10-cm soil layer. The objective of this study was to investigate the co-effect of sulfosulfuron application timing and variable degradation rate in soil on the control efficacy ofP. aegyptiacain tomato. Degradation of sulfosulfuron (80ng g−1soil) at a temperature of 15C, measured in soil samples from three farms using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, followed a first-order kinetics with variable degradation rate constant among sites (0.008 to 0.012 d−1). Incubation at 25 C increased sulfosulfuron degradation rate constant by a factor of 2 to 2.7 in soils from the different sites, with a similar degradation rate order among soils. A higher degradation rate in the soil resulted in a shorter period of residual activity, measured using a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] bioassay.Phelipanche aegyptiacamanagement in open-field tomatoes was investigated in five independent field experiments. Sulfosulfuron soil concentration throughout the growing season (following preplant incorporation of 37.5 g ha−1) was calculated from laboratory-measured degradation rates, which were corrected to represent the effect of recorded temperatures at each field. At the end of the tomato growing season, control efficacy ofP. aegyptiacavaried among experiments (70.4% to 100%) and positively correlated with predicted sulfosulfuron concentration at the critical period for seedling control (R2=0.67). The current study confirms that sulfosulfuron is degraded in soil to nonphytotoxic metabolites and that rapid degradation rates would result in reduced injury toP. aegyptiacaseedling and, consequently, lower control efficacy.
Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH4 Emissions
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhao Xueli , Wu Xiaofang , Han Mengyao , Guan Cheng He , Song Shaojie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal anthropogenic CH4 emissions have witnessed a rapid increase in the last decade. However, how this increase is connected with its socioeconomic drivers has not yet been explored. In this paper, we highlight the impacts of final demand and international trade on global anthropogenic CH4 emissions based on the consumption‐based accounting principle. We find that household consumption was the largest final demand category, followed by fixed capital formation and government consumption. The position and function of nations and major economies to act on the structure and spatial patterns of global CH4 emissions were systematically clarified. Substantial geographic shifts of CH4 emissions during 2000–2012 revealed the prominent impact of international trade. In 2012, about half of global CH4 emissions were embodied in international trade, of which 77.8% were from intermediate trade and 22.2% from final trade. Mainland China was the largest exporter of embodied CH4 emissions, while the United States was the largest importer. Developed economies such as Western Europe, the United States, and Japan were major net receivers of embodied emission transfer, mainly from developing countries. CH4 emission footprints of nations were closely related to their human development indexes and per capita gross domestic products. Our findings could help to improve current understanding of global anthropogenic CH4 emission increases and to pinpoint regional and sectoral hotspots for possible emission mitigation in the entire supply chains from production to consumption.
Vortex Structures in the Wake of an Idealized Seamount in Rotating, Stratified Flow
Authors: Perfect B. , Kumar N. , Riley J. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present the results of a 3‐D computational model of an idealized seamount in rotating, stratified flow. The emergent vortex structures in the lee of the seamount indicate that the vertical coherence of vortices is strongly dependent on the Coriolis parameter and the background buoyancy frequency. A novel finding from this work is that above a critical Burger number the vortex shedding frequency varies vertically with the local seamount diameter and adjusts such that the Strouhal number based on the local seamount diameter is consistent with high Reynolds number flow past a circular cylinder. This study extends previous literature into a regime exhibiting stronger stratification and rotation, where the transition into vertically decoupled eddies occurs. Physically, this transition is associated with the loss of geostrophy in the eddies. The mechanisms governing the transition to vertically decoupled vortices may play an important role in the energetics of a seamount interacting with a barotropic flow.