bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Foreign Mergers and Acquisitions Increase Acquired Firms’ Innovation? Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Deng Yuping , Tang Sam Hak Kan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy merging China's manufacturing enterprise, patent and customs databases, we construct a sample of 27,130 firms from 2002–2007. Using Poisson fixed‐effects regressions to control for firm and year heterogeneities and a host of control variables, we find that acquired firms of foreign mergers and acquisitions (FMA) apply for significantly more patents than their domestic counterparts in invention, utility model and design patents. Furthermore, FMA increases innovation through expanding firm size, exports and human capital formation. Wholly foreign‐owned firms are more innovative than partially foreign‐owned firms, and acquired firms in labour‐intensive industries are more innovative than those in capital‐intensive industries.
Impact of the four‐hour National Emergency Access Target on 30 day mortality, access block and chronic emergency department overcrowding in Australian emergency departments
Authors: Forero Roberto , Man Nicola , Ngo Hanh , Mountain David , Mohsin Mohammed , Fatovich Daniel , Toloo Ghasem (Sam) , Celenza Antonio , FitzGerald Gerry , McCarthy Sally , Richardson Drew , Xu Fenglian , Gibson Nick , Nahidi Shizar , Hillman Ken 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious research reported strong associations between ED overcrowding and mortality. We assessed the effect of the Four‐Hour Rule (4HR) intervention (Western Australia (WA) 2009), then nationally rolled out as the National Emergency Access Target (Australia 2012) policy on mortality and patient flow.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study of a population‐wide 4HR, for 16 hospitals across WA, New South Wales (NSW), Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Queensland (QLD). Mortality trends were analysed for 2–4 years before and after 4HR using interrupted time series technique. Main outcomes included the effect of 4HR on patient flow markers; admitted 30 day mortality trends; and patient flow marker performance during the study period.ResultsThere were 40 281 deaths from 952 726 emergency admissions. All jurisdictions, except ACT, had improved flow and access block after 4HR. Age‐standardised mortality was decreasing before the intervention. Post‐intervention, WA had a significant reduction in mortality rate of −0.28 per 1000 patients per quarter (P = 0.040) while QLD had mixed results and NSW/ACT trends did not change significantly. Meta‐regression of aggregated data for hospitals grouped on flow performances did not show significant mortality changes associated with the policy.ConclusionsThe 4HR was introduced as a means of driving hospital performance by applying a time target. Patient flow improved, but the evidence for mortality benefit is controversial with improvement only in WA. Further research with more representative data from a larger number of hospitals over a longer time across Australia is needed to increase statistical power to detect long‐term effects of the policy.
‘The Too Clever by Half People’ and Parliament
Authors: Whyte William 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe role of intellectuals in shaping pressure on parliament has often been neglected and still more frequently downplayed. Even intellectuals themselves have doubted their own political importance; hence Walter Bagehot's observation that ‘the too clever by half people, who live in Bohemia, ought to have no more influence in parliament, than they have in England, and they can scarcely have less’. This article considers what it is to be an intellectual in politics – and what political role intellectuals played in Victorian Britain. It concludes that intellectuals were crucial in helping to define the nature of parliament and of the political process, articulating an ideology which shaped the ways in which other groups put pressure on parliament.
Staff conceptualisations of elder abuse in residential aged care: A rapid review
Authors: Radermacher Harriet , Toh Ying Li , Western Deborah , Coles Jan , Goeman Dianne , Lowthian Judy 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this rapid review was to explore how residential aged care staff conceptualise and identify elder abuse.MethodsEnglish‐language publications, between 2000 and 2017, about elder abuse in residential aged care in developed countries were sought from three academic databases. Only perspectives on staff‐to‐resident and resident‐to‐resident abuse were included.ResultsOver 2000 articles were screened, and 19 journal articles were included in the review. A wide range of abusive behaviours was identified, but there was little common understanding of what constituted elder abuse. Furthermore, disparities in conceptualisations were greater for certain types of abuse (e.g. verbal, psychological and caregiving).ConclusionElder abuse in residential aged care was conceptualised and identified by staff in diverse and different ways. This lack of common understanding hinders the development of effective interventions and prevention strategies, which include staff education and training as well as significant structural and institutional changes.
Learning to feel at home in the Anthropocene:
Authors: VINE MICHAEL 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn the deserts of Southern California, a series of climate crises has disturbed the form and content of the ordinary. In this context of unfolding change, Californians are experimenting with the spaces, surfaces, objects, and infrastructures of their homes, harnessing the material elements of the house as a site not only of repetition and reproduction but also of reinvention. At times, these experiments in the ecologies of everyday life unleash a range of transformative effects on both self and world, accreting into instances of cosmological reconfiguration. Rather than analyze such experiments as practices of adaptation or recovery, we can better understand them as attempts to cultivate alternative ways of feeling at home in the Anthropocene. Such experiments take up the relations among aesthetics, ethics, and affect as their primary site of improvisation and innovation.
An international consensus statement on the management of postoperative anaemia after major surgical procedures
Authors: Muñoz M. , Acheson A. G. , Bisbe E. , Butcher A. , Gómez‐Ramírez S. , Khalafallah A. A. , Kehlet H. , Kietaibl S. , Liumbruno G. M. , Meybohm P. , Rao Baikady R. , Shander A. , So‐Osman C. , Spahn D. R. , Klein A. A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDespite numerous guidelines on the management of anaemia in surgical patients, there is no pragmatic guidance for the diagnosis and management of anaemia and iron deficiency in the postoperative period. A number of experienced researchers and clinicians took part in a two‐day expert workshop and developed the following consensus statement. After presentation of our own research data and local policies and procedures, appropriate relevant literature was reviewed and discussed. We developed a series of best‐practice and evidence‐based statements to advise on patient care with respect to anaemia and iron deficiency in the postoperative period. These statements include: a diagnostic approach to iron deficiency and anaemia in surgical patients; identification of patients appropriate for treatment; and advice on practical management and follow‐up that is easy to implement. Available data allow the fulfilment of the requirements of Pillar 1 of Patient Blood Management. We urge national and international research funding bodies to take note of these recommendations, particularly in terms of funding large‐scale prospective, randomised clinical trials that can most effectively address the important clinical questions and this clearly unmet medical need.
Minimally Invasive Implantation of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Evolution of Surgical Techniques in a Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Carrozzini Massimiliano , Bejko Jonida , Guariento Alvise , Rubino Maurizio , Bianco Roberto , Tarzia Vincenzo , Gregori Dario , Bottio Tomaso , Gerosa Gino 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work we aimed to evaluate the evolution of our surgical experience with the implantation of a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD), from the original full sternotomy approach to less invasive surgical strategies including mini‐sternotomy and/or mini‐thoracotomies. We reviewed all consecutive patients implanted with a continuous flow LVAD at our Institute. To exclude the possible bias related to the device used, out of 91 collected LVADs implants, we selected only those patients (n = 42) who received, between 2012 and 2015, the HeartWare HVAD. The analysis focused on the surgical approach used for the LVAD implant. Most of the patients (95%) were affected by dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy, with an INTERMACS class I‐II in the majority of cases (77%). The LVAD implant was performed through a full sternotomy in 10 patients (24%); the remaining 32 cases (76%) were managed with minimally invasive procedures. These were left mini‐thoracotomy with upper mini‐sternotomy (20 patients, 62%), right and left mini‐thoracotomy (7 patients, 22%), and a recently developed left mini‐thoracotomy with outflow graft anastomosis to the left axillary artery (5 patients, 16%). The most common adverse event on device was right heart failure (26%). Eighteen patients (43%) were transplanted. Overall estimated 24 months survival (on device or after transplant) was 68 ± 7%. The causal analysis, adjusted by propensity score weighting baseline data and sample size, showed that left mini‐thoracotomy with outflow anastomosis to the left axillary artery resulted in a significantly reduced rate of post implant right heart failure (P < 0.01), and mechanical ventilation time (P = 0.049). To conclude, in our series, by applying mini‐invasive implant techniques in the majority of cases, mid‐term survival of continuous flow LVADs in severely compromised patients was satisfactory. In the adjusted analysis, the left anterior mini‐thoracotomy with outflow anastomosis to the left axillary artery showed the most favorable results.
TREX1 is expressed by microglia in normal human brain and increases in regions affected by ischemia
Authors: Kothari Parul H. , Kolar Grant R. , Jen Joanna C. , Hajj‐Ali Rula , Bertram Paula , Schmidt Robert E. , Atkinson John P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the three‐prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) gene have been associated with neurological diseases, including Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy (RVCL). However, the endogenous expression of TREX1 in human brain has not been studied.MethodsWe produced a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to TREX1 to characterize TREX1 by Western blotting (WB) of cell lysates from normal controls and subjects carrying an RVCL frame‐shift mutation. Dual staining was performed to determine cell types expressing TREX1 in human brain tissue. TREX1 distribution in human brain was further evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples from normal controls and patients with RVCL and ischemic stroke.ResultsAfter validating the specificity of our anti‐TREX1 rabbit pAb, WB analysis was utilized to detect the endogenous wild‐type and frame‐shift mutant of TREX1 in cell lysates. Dual staining in human brain tissues from patients with RVCL and normal controls localized TREX1 to a subset of microglia and macrophages. Quantification of immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex revealed that TREX1+ microglia were primarily in the gray matter of normal controls (22.7 ± 5.1% and 5.5 ± 1.9% of Iba1+ microglia in gray and white matter, respectively) and commonly in association with the microvasculature. In contrast, in subjects with RVCL, the TREX1+ microglia were predominantly located in the white matter of normal appearing cerebral cortex (11.8 ± 3.1% and 38.9 ± 5.8% of Iba1+ microglia in gray and white matter, respectively). The number of TREX1+ microglia was increased in ischemic brain lesions in central nervous system of RVCL and stroke patients.ConclusionsTREX1 is expressed by a subset of microglia in normal human brain, often in close proximity to the microvasculature, and increases in the setting of ischemic lesions. These findings suggest a role for TREX1+ microglia in vessel homeostasis and response to ischemic injury.
The association between hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rats
Authors: Jandke Solveig , Garz Cornelia , Schwanke Daniel , Sendtner Michael , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Carare Roxana O. , Schreiber Stefanie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe aimed to test the hypothesis that in spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rats (SHRSP), non‐amyloid cerebral small vessel disease/hypertensive arteriopathy (HA) results in vessel wall injury that may promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Our study comprised 21 male SHRSP (age 17–44 weeks) and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched Wistar control rats, that underwent two‐photon (2PM) imaging of the arterioles in the parietal cortex using Methoxy‐X04, Dextran and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Our data suggest that HA in SHRSP progresses in a temporal and age‐dependent manner, starting from small vessel wall damage (stage 1A), proceeding to CBF reduction (stage 1B), non‐occlusive (stage 2), and finally, occlusive thrombi (stage 3). Wistar animals also demonstrated small vessel wall damage, but were free of any of the later HA stages. Nearly half of all SHRSP additionally displayed vascular Methoxy‐X04 positivity indicative of cortical CAA. Vascular β‐amyloid deposits were found in small vessels characterized by thrombotic occlusions (stage 2 or 3). Post‐mortem analysis of the rat brains confirmed the findings derived from intravital 2PM microscopy. Our data thus overall suggest that advanced HA may play a role in CAA development with the two small vessel disease entities might be related to the same pathological spectrum of the aging brain.
Banks' equity holdings and their impact on securities issues
Authors: Tribó Josep AD. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpirical.Research Question/IssueIn this paper we study the impact of banks' stakes in firms on the use of market mechanisms like securities issues by firms to raise funds.Research Findings/InsightsThere is a U‐shaped connection between banks' stakes and the likelihood of issuing securities. Interestingly, the balance between the negative (expropriating) and the positive (strategic) effects leans relatively more towards the strategic effect for Anglo‐Saxon countries. We provide empirical evidence of these claims using an international database of 45 different countries with 20 091 observations distributed along the period 2000–2013.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe posit that banks take an equity position in firms either to expropriate the current shareholders or to strategically open the possibility of future business opportunities once firms are listed and can issue securities. The first effect, which dominates for low equity stakes, hinders securities issues. Conversely, the second (strategic) effect appears for high banks' stakes, particularly when these banks have underwriting capacity, and stimulates the issuance of securities. The interaction of both effects leads to the aforementioned U‐shaped relationship between banks' stakes and securities issues.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsIt is important that policymakers take into consideration the institutional contexts in their policy recommendations connected to the relationship between banks and markets. In particular, certain calls to reduce banks' stakes in borrowing firms as a way to stimulate the use of financial markets to raise funds may generate the opposite effect in Anglo‐Saxon countries or when banks' stakes are large in non‐Anglo‐Saxon ones.
Field experiments show contradictory short‐ and long‐term myrmecochorous plant impacts on seed‐dispersing ants
Authors: Warren Robert J. , Elliott Katherine J. , Giladi Itamar , King Joshua R. , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: July 2018

1. Some interactions previously described as mutualistic were revealed to be commensal or parasitic in subsequent investigations. Ant‐mediated seed dispersal has been described as a mutualism for more than a century; however, recent research suggests that it may be commensal or parasitic. Plants demonstrably benefit from ant‐mediated seed dispersal, although there is little evidence available to demonstrate that the interaction benefits long‐term ant fitness.2. Field experiments were conducted in temperate North America focused on a key seed‐dispersing ant. All herbaceous plants were removed from a forest understorey for 13 years, and supplemented ant colonies with large elaiosome‐bearing seeds aiming to examine potential long‐ and short‐term myrmecochorous plant benefits for the ants.3. If elaiosome‐bearing seeds benefit ants, suggesting a mutualistic relationship, it is expected that there would be greater worker and/or alate abundance and greater fat reserves (colony lipid content) with seed supplementation (short‐term) and in areas with high understorey herb abundance.4. Short‐term seed supplementation of ant colonies did not result in an increase with respect to numbers or fat stores, although it did prompt the production of colony sexuals, which is a potential fitness benefit. In the long term, however, there was no positive effect on the ants and, instead, there were negative effects because the removal of elaiosome‐bearing plants corresponded with greater colony health.5. The data obtained in the present study suggest that the ant–plant interaction ranged from occasionally beneficial to neutral to overall negative for the ant partner. Such results did not support considering the interaction as a mutualism. Collectively, the data suggest the need to reconsider the nature of the relationship between these ants and plants.
Towards meaningful quantification of glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) taking account of interference in the Coomassie Blue (Bradford) assay
Authors: Moragues‐Saitua Lur , Merino‐Martín Luis , Stokes Alexia , Staunton Siobhan 
Published: July 2018

Glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP), an operationally defined fraction of soil organic matter containing protein and various other components, is usually quantified using the colorimetric nonspecific Bradford method. This method is limited by a short working range, a nonlinear response and interference from co‐extracted compounds. These limitations hinder the exact quantification of the protein component. The aim of this study was to investigate the source of interference in the Bradford quantification of GRSP and propose several methodological improvements based on identified interferences. The easily extractable and total GRSP in five topsoils with contrasting texture, organic carbon content and land use were compared. Results showed that: (a) the extent of interference varied between different soils, (b) the standard addition method overestimated the extent of inhibition, (c) absorbance should be corrected for colour, (d) use of the ratio of absorbances at 595 and 465 nm, A595/A465, is not recommended because it is sensitive to pH and dilution‐dependent absorbance at 465 nm, (e) although a quadratic fit to the protein calibration curve was better than the linear fit, it was not possible for the dilution method, and (f) estimation of protein content from the dilution curve of the soil extract appeared to be suitable as it integrates the often observed, and hitherto unexplained, effect of dilution on the calculated protein content of soil extracts and avoids artefacts because of the choice of protein spike and dilution.Highlights
Soil protein colorimetric quantification is hampered by co‐extracted compounds.
Variants of Bradford assay of glomalin‐related soil protein are tested for five contrasting soils.
Direct assay underestimates soil protein, but standard addition may overestimate.
Controlled sample dilution with colour correction might give the best estimate of soil protein.
Family Management of Pediatric Cancer: Links with Parenting Satisfaction and Psychological Distress
Authors: Salvador Ágata , Crespo Carla , Barros Luísa 
Published: July 2018

Research has long acknowledged the disruptions posed by pediatric cancer diagnosis and treatment to family life. Nonetheless, the mechanisms through which the family response influences parents’ mental health in this adverse context are not fully understood. The main goal of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect links, via parenting satisfaction, between family condition management and psychological distress of parents of children with cancer. Participants were 201 parents (86.6% mothers) of children/adolescents diagnosed with cancer who completed self‐report questionnaires assessing family condition management (family life difficulty and parental mutuality), parenting satisfaction, and psychological distress (anxiety and depression). Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed mediation model. The results showed that parenting satisfaction mediated the association between both the family condition management dimensions (family life difficulty and parental mutuality) and depression. Specifically, greater family life difficulties and lower parental mutuality were associated with lower parenting satisfaction, which, in turn, was associated with higher levels of depression. Additionally, greater family life difficulties and lower parental mutuality were directly linked to higher levels of anxiety. Multigroup analyses suggested that the model was valid across patient age groups (children vs. adolescents) and treatment status (on vs. off‐treatment). These findings reinforce the need for family‐ and parent‐based interventions in the pediatric oncology field. Interventions that target families’ difficulties and promote their resources are likely to foster parenting satisfaction and psychological adjustment.