bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Cu2O/Bi2WO6 composite for the photoreduction of CO2 to fuel
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Zhang Yu‐Cheng , Wu Ren‐Jang , Lin Wei‐Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, Cu2O was prepared using a one‐step reduction method, and Bi2WO6 was uniformly mixed with Cu2O in various proportions to obtain Cu2O/Bi2WO6 composites with different Bi2WO6 contents. The prepared samples (Cu2O and Cu2O/Bi2WO6) were used as photocatalytic materials in the photo‐reductive conversion of CO2 into CH4 and CO. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the obtained photocatalysts were investigated using a series of characterization methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the photoreduction of CO2 using the prepared samples was studied under low‐power visible LED lights irradiation (blue LED and green LED) to save energy. Experimental results showed that Cu2O/Bi2WO6 with a 3:1 ratio possessed the optimal properties, yielding 27.4 μmol g−1 of methane and 30.6 μmol g−1 of carbon monoxide under green light.
Depression, Drinking to Cope, and Alcohol Use Severity Among Latinos Who Drink: The Moderating Role of Sex
Authors: Cobb Cory L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe present study evaluated sex differences in the direct and indirect links between depressive symptoms, coping motives to drink, and alcohol use severity among Latinos who drink.MethodsA large and diverse panel sample of Latinos, who were strategically sampled to be reflective of the Latino demographics of the state of Texas, completed questionnaires assessing their depressive symptomatology, coping motives to drink, and alcohol use behaviors.ResultsDirect effects were significant in hypothesized directions such that depressive symptoms was positively associated with both coping motives to drink and alcohol use severity, and drinking motives to cope were positively associated with alcohol use severity. Moderator analysis showed that, compared to Latina women, the association of depressive symptoms with both drinking to cope and alcohol use severity was significantly higher among Latino men. Regarding indirect effects, a moderated mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of depressive symptoms on alcohol use severity through coping motives to drink was statistically significant for both Latino/a men and women; however, the index of moderated mediation showed that this indirect effect was significantly greater among Latino men.ConclusionAlthough both Latino/a men and women may consume alcohol and turn to alcohol to drink with negative affect associated with depressive symptoms, this process may be stronger among Latino men. Findings are discussed considering prior work and implications for practitioners.
Comparison of the accuracy and efficacy of different assistive techniques in primary total knee arthroplasty: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yuhang , Li Yang , Yuan Ziqi , Geng Xiao , Tian Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeVarious assistive techniques, such as conventional cutting instruments (CON), computer‐assisted navigation systems (CAS), patient‐specific instruments (PSI) and robot‐assisted systems (RAS), have been developed and applied in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we aimed to assess the relative accuracy and efficacy of several assistive techniques for TKA through a network meta‐analysis (NMA) based on multiple published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs to conduct this NMA from inception to 1 January 2024. We combined direct and indirect comparisons using a Bayesian NMA framework to assess and compare the effects of different assistive techniques on radiological and clinical outcomes. An NMA was conducted, and the study protocol was published online at PROSPERO (CRD42023402882).ResultsOne hundred and twelve RCTs involving 14,968 TKAs with four different assistive techniques (CON, CAS, PSI and RAS) were evaluated. Inconsistency and heterogeneity were acceptable for most outcomes. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, RAS could be the best technique for accurate mechanical axis alignment and component position, followed by CAS, PSI and CON. We observed no difference in clinical outcome scores. Additionally, CAS was the best intervention for visual analogue scale scores, and PSI had the shortest operative time. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, range of motion or total blood loss.ConclusionRAS was most likely to achieve an accurate alignment, followed by CAS, PSI and CON. No differences were observed in clinical outcome scores and postoperative complications among the four assistive techniques.Level of EvidenceLevel I (systematic review of Level‐I randomized controlled studies).
Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Rotavirus Vaccine Strain LLR and Developing Vaccine Candidates Carrying VP7 Gene Cloned From Human Strains Circulating in China
Authors: Liu Xiafei , Li Shan , Yu Junjie , Chai Pengdi , Xie Zhiping , Pang Lili , Li Jinsong , Zhu Wuyang , Ren Weihong , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHuman rotavirus A (RVA) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The LLR RVA vaccine, which licensed in 2000 and widely used in China, significantly reduced rotavirus disease burden in China. With the changing of RV circulating strains and the emergence of new genotypes, the LLR vaccine against RVGE needed to be upgraded. In this study, we aimed to establish an RG system for the RVA vaccine strain LLR (G10P[15]). Transfection with plasmids expressing 11 genomic RNA segments of LLR along with the pCMV/868CP helper plasmid, resulted in rescue of the infectious virus with an artificially introduced genetic marker on its genome, indicating that an RG system for the LLR strain was successfully established. Furthermore, the plasmid‐based reverse genetics system was used to generate lamb RVA reassortants with VP4 or VP7 genes derived from human RVA strains in China, which were not previously adapted to cell culture. We were able to rescue the six VP7 (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, and G9) mono‐reassortants, but no VP4 (P[4] or P[8]) mono‐reassortant was rescued. The six VP7 reassortants covered all G‐genotypes currently circulating in China and stably replicated in MA104 cells, which should be exploited as the next‐generation rotavirus vaccines candidates in China. Furthermore, the LLR RG system in this study will be a useful vaccine vector for intestinal pathogens such as norovirus and Vibrio cholerae.
A FinFET‐Based Low‐Power Static Random Access Memory Cell With Improved Stability
Authors: Rana Gautam , Sachdeva Ashish , Elangovan M. , Sharma Kulbhushan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work presents a FinFET‐based stable, and low‐power consuming static random access memory (SRAM) bit‐cell that used eight transistors. The performance parameter of proposed feedback‐cutting 8T (FC8T) is compared with four pre‐published cell circuits, i.e., 6T, read‐decoupled 8T(8TRD), Schmitt‐trigger based 10T (10TST), and Schmitt‐trigger‐based modified 10 T (10TMST). The write power in proposed design is reduced by 1.36×/1.32×/1.88×/1.47× compared to 6T/8TRD/10TST/10TMST cells. The write and read stability of proposed design is improved by 1.15×/1.86×/1.28×/1.148× and 2.27×/1×/1.57×/1.11×, respectively. The proposed design also shows the low variability compared to other SRAM bit‐cells.
Employee Gender, Family‐To‐Work Conflict Bias, and Supervisor Ostracism: A Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Webster Jennica R. , Adams Gary A. , Thoroughgood Christian N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFamily‐to‐work conflict (FWC) bias captures an erroneous assumption that women have more FWC than men. Existing research has relied on a “lack of fit” perspective (i.e., women have less person–job and person–organization fit compared with men) to explain why this bias detracts from women's work outcomes. Building on this, we propose a novel social exchange cost explanation for these effects. We argue that FWC bias promotes a belief in supervisors that female subordinates are less reliable in fulfilling work duties and, therefore, less able to reciprocate resources invested in them. This concern, we maintain, is manifested in their diminished cognitive trust in their female (vs. male) subordinates. In turn, we argue that supervisors, because of their lower cognitive trust, will reciprocate by engaging in greater ostracism of their female (vs. male) employees. To test these predictions, we conducted three studies, including an experimentally randomized instrumental variable design, a multisource field survey using supervisor–subordinate dyads, and an experiment in which we utilized a bias‐disrupting strategy. Overall, our findings suggest that women are perceived as having greater FWC than men, leading supervisors to have less cognitive trust in them relative to men, which in turn, manifests in greater ostracism of female subordinates.
How Did the COVID‐19 Pandemic Change Cigarette Smoking Behavior?
Authors: Semprini Jason 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although smoking rates have been declining, it is unclear how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted smoking behaviors.MethodsFollowing a preregistered plan, we accessed population‐based data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2010–2023) to analyze three primary outcomes: (1) currently smoking, (2) number of cigarettes per day, and (3) quit smoking in the past year. Two‐way fixed effect linear regression models accounted for state‐level factors and temporal trends. Splitting each survey into an early and late wave, we identified the effect of exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic by comparing changes in an unexposed reference group (interviewed January 1–March 20, early wave) with the changes in an exposed group (interviewed January 1–March 31, late wave).ResultsThe sample included 1,449,112 responses, among which 12.8% were in the late wave. Baseline smoking prevalence was 15.9% in the late wave, with an average of 12.5 cigarettes smoked per day among smokers. 8.6% of the late‐wave respondents attempted to quit smoking in the past year. Overall, we found a negative 1.7% point association between the pandemic and smoking prevalence. However, among smokers, we found that the pandemic was associated with 5.1 more cigarettes smoked per day. The pandemic was also associated with a 6.3% point decline in the probability of attempting to quit smoking in the past year. While these results did not vary significantly over time, we did observe heterogeneous associations between the pandemic and smoking outcomes by socioeconomic subgroups.ConclusionsSmoking prevalence continues to decline in the United States, and the pandemic appeared to have been associated with lower smoking rates. However, our results suggest that the pandemic was also associated with greater intensity and fewer quit attempts among smokers warranting greater attention from policymakers and researchers.
Dexamethasone Acetate‐Loaded PLGA Nanospheres Targeting Liver Macrophages
Authors: Boltnarova Barbora , Durinova Anna , Jandova Lenka , Micuda Stanislav , Kucera Otto , Pavkova Ivona , Machacek Miloslav , Nemeckova Ivana , Vojta Marek , Dusek Jan , Krutakova Maria , Nachtigal Petr , Pavek Petr , Holas Ondrej 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlucocorticoids are potent anti‐inflammatory drugs, although their use is associated with severe side effects. Loading glucocorticoids into suitable nanocarriers can significantly reduce these undesirable effects. Macrophages play a crucial role in inflammation, making them strategic targets for glucocorticoid‐loaded nanocarriers. The main objective of this study is to develop a glucocorticoid‐loaded PLGA nanocarrier specifically targeting liver macrophages, thereby enabling the localized release of glucocorticoids at the site of inflammation. Dexamethasone acetate (DA)‐loaded PLGA nanospheres designed for passive macrophage targeting are synthesized using the nanoprecipitation method. Two types of PLGA NSs in the size range of 100–300 nm are prepared, achieving a DA‐loading efficiency of 19 %. Sustained DA release from nanospheres over 3 days is demonstrated. Flow cytometry analysis using murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages demonstrates the efficient internalization of fluorescent dye‐labeled PLGA nanospheres, particularly into pro‐inflammatory macrophages. Significant down‐regulation in pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes mRNA is observed without apparent cytotoxicity after treatment with DA‐loaded PLGA nanospheres. Subsequent experiments in mice confirm liver macrophage‐specific nanospheres accumulation following intravenous administration using in vivo imaging, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Taken together, the data show that the DA‐loaded PLGA nanospheres are a promising drug‐delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases.
Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Phase Behavior of Pharmaceutical Drug‐Polymer Dispersions
Authors: Klueppelberg Jana , Handge Ulrich A. , Thommes Markus , Winck Judith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe formulation as amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) addresses recent challenges in the oral administration of poorly‐soluble drugs by embedding them in highly‐soluble carrier polymers. In this context, utilizing CO2 as a processing agent is an innovative strategy to facilitate the dissolution of the drug in the polymer at comparatively low temperatures without the use of any organic solvents. Within this study, the influence of CO2 on the phase behavior of ASD formulations is investigated. Therefore, high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry is applied to evaluate the dissolution of the drugs in the polymers and the glass transition temperatures under CO2 of four formulations containing the drugs acetaminophen and itraconazole as well as the polymers Soluplus and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. The glass transition temperatures of the ASD formulations decrease with CO2 fraction dissolved in the polymer. The extent of Tg reduction is related to the spatial structure and intermolecular interactions of the polymers. Furthermore, the sorption of CO2 accelerates the diffusion of the drugs in the plasticized polymers. However, phase separation is observed in some formulations under CO2 loading which has an impact on the stability of the ASD and has to be considered in process design.
Design and performance of a novel multi‐leaf collimator composed of leaves with fixed and movable layers
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Niu Chuanmeng , Liu Yuxiang , Cui Weijie , Tian Yuan , Dai Jianrong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) is an advanced device utilized for beam shaping and intensity modulation in radiotherapy. With the framework of the contemporary single‐layer MLC featuring a rounded leaf tip, the leaf tip transmission and leakage exert a considerable influence on radiotherapy.PurposeTo scale down the leakage and transmission from the leaf gap when the opposite leaves are closed.MethodsThis study proposes a new design of MLC, named dynamic leaf machine (DLM), specifically engineered to diminish the transmission and leakage from the MLC leaf tip. The DLM incorporates an innovative leaf configuration that involves a combination of fixed and movable layers in a single MLC leaf named fixed and movable (FM) layers leaf, which is advantageous in dealing with transmission and leakage from the leaf tip by employing a staggered arrangement of the fixed and movable layer when the opposite leaves are closed. Subsequently, the DLM is assembled on the Elekta VERSA HD accelerator to assess its performance, focusing on aspects of mechanical characters, transmission, leakage, and penumbra.ResultsIn comparison to conventional MLC leaves, the FM leaf design in the DLM has achieved a remarkable reduction in the leakage between opposed closed leaves, decreasing it from 48.41% to 0.41%. Additionally, the transmission between the adjacent leaves has been measured at 0.59%, and the penumbra in 16 mm × 32 mm field is 2.82 mm, aligning with the performance of conventional MLC.ConclusionsThe DLM with FM leaf performs a significant reduction in transmission from the opposite leaf tip in comparison to conventional MLC while maintaining minimal penumbra, effectively mitigating the transmission and leakage problem between opposing leaves, thereby enhancing the effect of radiotherapy.
A Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on TPU/PLA for Basketball Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ma Shuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSports monitoring equipment that integrates advanced sensing technology has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Hence, we proposed a TPU/PLA 3D printing film triboelectric nanogenerator (TP‐TENG) to monitor basketball player posture for training effectiveness evaluation. By introducing carbon fibers, TPU/PLA/Carbon film with conductive and positive triboelectric properties was prepared. According to results, the peak power density is 58.38 mW m−2 when the load resistance of 30 MΩ is matched. Nevertheless, when TP‐TENG encounters wrinkles and continues to work for a period of time, its output performance will tend to stabilize. And the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), transfer charge (QSC), and short‐circuit current (ISC) increase to 91 %, 92 %, and 92 %, respectively, almost the same as their original values. Furthermore, the TP‐TENG sensor can recognize human posture in different basketball motion posture, including skipping, squatting, walking, running. This work can help to promote the application of 3D printing TENG in basketball sports monitoring.
Intravenous iron treatment fuels chronic kidney disease‐induced arterial media calcification in rats
Authors: Van den Branden Astrid , Opdebeeck Britt , Adriaensen Saar , Evenepoel Pieter , Vanden Berghe Tom , Verhulst Anja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArterial media calcification is a severe cardiovascular complication commonly manifesting in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with CKD frequently undergo intravenous iron therapy to address iron deficiency. Iron is suggested to be sequestered in vascular cells, potentially leading to oxidative (lipid) stress and cell death, which are recognized as key contributors to arterial calcification. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous iron administration on CKD‐induced arterial media calcification. Therefore, adenine‐induced CKD rats were treated intravenously with iron and checked for arterial iron deposition and calcification, as well as for ferritin and lipid peroxidation markers. Additionally, arterial sections from patients with CKD who were dialysis dependent were analyzed for these parameters. This study showed that intravenous iron administration in CKD rats led to arterial iron deposition and a lipid peroxidation signature. CKD‐induced arterial calcification was increased upon iron treatment and correlated with arterial iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation markers. Patients with CKD who were dialysis dependent showed arterial iron accumulation and elevated lipid peroxidation, but a direct correlation with arterial calcification was lacking. Taken together, iron treatment is suggested as a potential contributor to the calcification process, instead of being a predominant factor, thereby emphasizing the complexity of arterial calcification as a multifactorial disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Empirical convergence between Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative DSM‐5 model for personality disorders
Authors: Ohse Ludwig , Kerber André , Zimmermann Johannes , Kampe Leonie , Mohr Jil , Busch Oliver , Rentrop Michael , Hörz‐Sagstetter Susanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBoth Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–5th edition provide a multidimensional framework for assessing personality pathology, while having a dual focus on general and specific personality pathology. The present study was the first to investigate the empirical convergence between measures of personality organization and the AMPD (personality functioning and pathological personality traits), considering general and specific personality pathology. A mixed clinical sample completed self‐reports for personality organization, personality functioning and pathological personality traits, as well as an interview for personality organization. Two bifactor models with three specific exploratory factors were estimated, comprising a self‐report model based on domain scores using exploratory factor analysis (n = 336) and a multi‐method model predominantly based on subdomain scores applying exploratory structural equation modelling (n = 277). Both bifactor models yielded strong general factors with high loadings of the personality organization domains identity and primitive defences, as well as the personality functioning domains. The specific factors suggest convergence between other‐directed aggression (personality organization), restricted moral functioning (personality organization) and antagonism (pathological personality traits), between diminished reality testing (personality organization) and psychoticism (pathological personality traits) and between maladaptive object relations (personality organization), impaired interpersonal functioning (personality functioning) and detachment (pathological personality traits). It can be concluded that measures of personality organization and the AMPD strongly converge regarding both general and specific personality pathology. Kernberg's model of personality organization may serve as a valuable complement to the AMPD, guiding forthcoming research and the clinical assessment of personality pathology.