bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-lived compositional heterogeneities in magma chambers, and implications for volcanic hazard
Authors: Garg Deepak , Papale Paolo , Colucci Simone , Longo Antonella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMagmas discharged during individual volcanic eruptions commonly display compositional variations interpreted as new arrivals at shallow depth of more primitive, hotter, volatile-rich magma batches mixing with resident, colder, partially degassed magma. Heterogeneities in eruption products are often interpreted as evidence of short times of order tens of hours from new magma arrival to eruption, raising concerns for emergency planning. We show here, through numerical simulations, that magma convection and mixing in a shallow magma chamber can result in long-lived, dynamically stable configurations with coexistence of magmas from nearly pure to variably mixed end-member compositions. Short mixing time scales may therefore relate to sin-eruptive processes, as heterogeneities found in the eruptive products are not necessarily the fingerprint of new magma arrival shortly preceding or triggering the eruption.
p300/CBP-associated factor promotes autophagic degradation of δ-catenin through acetylation and decreases prostate cancer tumorigenicity
Authors: Zhou Rui , Yang Yi , Park So-Yeon , Seo Young-Woo , Jung Sang-Chul , Kim Kyung Keun , Kim Kwonseop , Kim Hangun 
Published: March 2019

Abstractδ-Catenin shares common binding partners with β-catenin. As acetylation and deacetylation regulate β-catenin stability, we searched for histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs) affecting δ-catenin acetylation status and protein levels. We showed that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) directly bound to and acetylated δ-catenin, whereas several class I and class II HDACs reversed this effect. Unlike β-catenin, δ-catenin was downregulated by PCAF-mediated acetylation and upregulated by HDAC-mediated deacetylation. The HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A attenuated HDAC1-mediated δ-catenin upregulation, whereas HAT or autophagy inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, abolished PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation. The results suggested that PCAF-mediated δ-catenin acetylation promotes its autophagic degradation in an Atg5/LC3-dependent manner. Deletions or point mutations identified several lysine residues in different δ-catenin domains involved in PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation. PCAF overexpression in prostate cancer cells markedly reduced δ-catenin levels and suppressed cell growth and motility. PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation inhibited E-cadherin processing and decreased the nuclear distribution of β-catenin, resulting in the suppression of β-catenin/LEF-1-mediated downstream effectors. These data demonstrate that PCAF downregulates δ-catenin by promoting its autophagic degradation and suppresses δ-catenin-mediated oncogenic signals.
Palladium based nanoparticles for the treatment of advanced melanoma
Authors: Elsey Justin , Bubley Jeffrey A. , Zhu Lei , Rao Shikha , Sasaki Maiko , Pollack Brian P. , Yang Lily , Arbiser Jack L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIGF1R and CD44 are overexpressed in most advanced melanomas so we designed chemotherapeutic nanoparticles to target those receptors. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Tris DBA-Pd) is a novel inhibitor of N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT-1) and has proven in vivo activity against melanoma. However, poor solubility impairs its effectiveness. To improve its therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance in advanced melanomas, we synthesized Tris DBA-Pd hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Tris DBA-Pd HANP) and evaluated them against in vivo xenografts of LM36R, an aggressive BRAF mutant human melanoma resistant to BRAF inhibitors. We treated xenografted mice in four arms: empty HANPs, free Tris DBA-Pd, Tris DBA-Pd HANPs, and Tris DBA-Pd HANPs with IGF1R antibody. The Tris DBA-Pd HANP group was the most responsive to treatment and showed the greatest depletion of CD44-positive cells on IHC. Surprisingly, the HANP containing IGF1R antibody was less effective than particles without antibody, possibly due to steric hindrance of IGF1R and CD44 binding. Tris DBA-Pd nanoparticles are an effective therapy for CD44-positive tumors like melanoma, and further development of these nanoparticles should be pursued.
Morphological characteristics of vasculogenic mimicry and its correlation with EphA2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Hee Sung , Won You Jin , Shim Ju Hee , Kim Hyun Ji , Kim Jihun , Hong Hea Nam , Kim Byung Sik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenetically deregulated tumor cells generate vascular channels by vasculogenic mimicry (VM) that is independent of endothelial blood vessels. The morphological characteristics of VM and the role of EphA2 in the formation of VM were evaluated in 144 clinical samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and AGS gastric cancer cell line. It has long been believed that VM consists of PAS-positive basement membrane and CD31/CD34-negative cells. Interestingly, we found that the luminal surface of gastric tumor cells that form VM channels showed PAS-positive reaction, and that the involvement of CD31/CD34-positive tumor cells in the formation of VM channels. Highly aggressive tumor cells that formed VM were found to express CD31 or CD34, implicating the angiogenic and vasculogenic potential of the genetically deregulated tumor cells. VM occurrence was positively correlated with high expression of EphA2 in our patient cohort, and the indispensable role of EphA2 in VM formation was identified by gene silencing in AGS cells. We also report that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumor cells were involved in the formation of VM channels in EBV-associated gastric cancer samples. Overall, our results suggest that EphA2 signaling promotes tumor metastasis by inducing VM formation during gastric tumorigenesis.
On the processes influencing rapid intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Bhalachandran Saiprasanth , Nadimpalli R. , Osuri K. K. , Marks F. D. , Gopalakrishnan S. , Subramanian S. , Mohanty U. C. , Niyogi D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present a numerical investigation of the processes that influenced the contrasting rapid intensity changes in Tropical Cyclones (TC) Phailin and Lehar (2013) over the Bay of Bengal. Our emphasis is on the significant differences in the environments experienced by the TCs within a few weeks and the consequent differences in their organization of vortex-scale convection that resulted in their different rapid intensity changes. The storm-relative proximity, intensity, and depth of the subtropical ridge resulted in the establishment of a low-sheared environment for Phailin and a high-sheared environment for Lehar. Our primary finding here is that in Lehar’s sheared vortex, the juxtaposition in the azimuthal phasing of the asymmetrically distributed downward eddy flux of moist-entropy through the top of the boundary layer, and the radial eddy flux of moist-entropy within the boundary layer in the upshear left-quadrant of Lehar (40–80 km radius) establishes a pathway for the low moist-entropy air to intrude into the vortex from the environment. Conversely, when the azimuthal variations in boundary layer moist-entropy, inflow, and convection are weak in Phailin’s low-sheared environment, the inflow magnitude and radial location of boundary layer convergence relative to the radius of maximum wind dictated the rapid intensification.
Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks
Authors: Dionatos O. , Woitke P. , Güdel M. , Degroote P. , Liebhart A. , Anthonioz F. , Antonellini S. , Baldovin-Saavedra C. , Carmona A. , Dominik C. , Greaves J. , Ilee J. D. , Kamp I. , Ménard F. , Min M. , Pinte C. , Rab C. , Rigon L. , Thi W. F. , Waters L. B. F. M. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Consistent modeling of protoplanetary disks requires the simultaneous solution of both continuum and line radiative transfer, heating and cooling balance between dust and gas and, of course, chemistry. Such models depend on panchromatic observations that can provide a complete description of the physical and chemical properties and energy balance of protoplanetary systems. Along these lines, we present a homogeneous, panchromatic collection of data on a sample of 85 T Tauri and Herbig Ae objects for which data cover a range from X-rays to centimeter wavelengths. Datasets consist of photometric measurements, spectra, along with results from the data analysis such as line fluxes from atomic and molecular transitions. Additional properties resulting from modeling of the sources such as disk mass and shape parameters, dust size, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) properties are also provided for completeness.
Aim. The purpose of this data collection is to provide a solid base that can enable consistent modeling of the properties of protoplanetary disks. To this end, we performed an unbiased collection of publicly available data that were combined to homogeneous datasets adopting consistent criteria. Targets were selected based on both their properties and the availability of data.
Methods. Data from more than 50 different telescopes and facilities were retrieved and combined in homogeneous datasets directly from public data archives or after being extracted from more than 100 published articles. X-ray data for a subset of 56 sources represent an exception as they were reduced from scratch and are presented here for the first time.
Results. Compiled datasets, along with a subset of continuum and emission-line models are stored in a dedicated database and distributed through a publicly accessible online system. All datasets contain metadata descriptors that allow us to track them back to their original resources. The graphical user interface of the online system allows the user to visually inspect individual objects but also compare between datasets and models. It also offers to the user the possibility to download any of the stored data and metadata for further processing.
Little Old Ladies’ Heart
Authors: Mengden Thomas , Weber Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe term “ventricular-arterial coupling” (va-coupling) describes the close interaction of the left ventricle with the arterial system during systole. Increased arterial stiffness in conditions such as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) or increases in pulse wave reflection may lead to disturbed va-coupling. Pathological pulse wave reflection is closely related to increased left ventricular late systolic load, diastolic dysfunction and, in the long-term, the risk of new-onset HFpEF. Non-invasive technologies for pulse wave analysis may identify patients at increased risk for the development of diastolic dysfunction or HFpEF. Women are approximately two times more likely than men to develop HFpEF which may be explained by sex differences in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Elderly women with ISH show sex-specific alterations of pulse wave reflection, LV remodelling and va-coupling which may increase the risk of HFpEF.
Evaluation of Rheum Turkestanicum in Hexachlorobutadien-Induced Renal Toxicity
Authors: Boroushaki Mohammad Taher , Fanoudi Sahar , Rajabian Arezoo , Boroumand Samaneh , Aghaee Azita , Hosseini Azar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHexachlorobutadien is nephrotoxic agent in rodents. The mechanism of toxicity includes generation of free radicals, depletion of thiol groups and production of toxic metabolites. Antioxidant compounds may reduce HCBD-nephrotoxicity. In this research we investigated the effect of Rheum turkeatanicum extract against HCBD-toxicity. The animals were divided to 4 groups which were including control (saline, 1 mL/kg), HCBD (100 mg/kg) and treatment groups which received extract at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extract were administered as intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 h before HCBD injection (i.p.). The animals were anesthetized by ether, 24 h after HCBD administration. The results showed elevation of serum creatinine, serum urea, urinary protein, urinary glucose, malondialdehyde levels in kidney and reduction of thiol in kidney by HCBD. The histopathological studies showed that there was apoptosis and necrosis in HCBD treated groups. Administration of R.turkestanicum reduced HCBD toxicity. The extract reduced hitopathological changes in kidney. It may be concluded that the nephroprotective effect of extract may be due to different mechanisms such as antioxidant activity or by decreasing the toxic metabolites of HCBD or inhibition of enzymes which are involved in the bioactivation of HCBD such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or cysteine-S-conjugate β-lyase.
Langzeitentwicklung von Kindern nach Extra Corporaler Membran Oxygenierung (ECMO)
Authors: Förster Kai Martin , Herber-Jonat Susanne , Florian Annamaria , Klemme Mathias , Flemmer Andreas W. 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nach neonatalem Lungenversagen und insbesondere nach einer ECMO-Therapie können verschiedenste Langzeitmorbiditäten auftreten. Das Follow-up dieser schwer kranken Neugeborenen ist als Qualitätskriterium für ein ECMO-Zentrum unverzichtbar und sie besitzt einen hohen Stellenwert in der Beratung von Eltern. Da ECMO-Zentren ein großes Einzugsgebiet haben, ist eine feste Anbindung der Patienten an das Zentrum oft schwierig.
Methode Nachsorgeuntersuchung und Entwicklungsscreening einer Kohorte (n=41) ehemaliger Neugeborener und Säuglinge mit schweren Lungenversagen auf Langzeitmorbiditäten durch eine Fragebogenerhebung sowie eine systematische, z.T. computergestützte Recherche mittels Arztbriefen und Telefonbefragung.
Ergebnisse An 28 von 31 Familien überlebender Kinder konnten Fragebögen versendet werden. 23 Fragebögen wurden zurückgesandt, einer Rücklaufquote von 82% entsprechend. Vier Kinder hatten auffällige Fragebogenergebnisse, d. h. sie lagen unter der 90ten Perzentile der altersentsprechenden Werte und besaßen damit ein Risiko für eine Entwicklungsauffälligkeit. Davon waren 3 Kinder im Alter von 2 Jahren und waren im Rahmen ihres Lungenversagens konventionell behandelt worden. Ein Kind im Alter von 6 Jahren hatte eine ECMO-Therapie erhalten.
Schlussfolgerung Die von uns erstmals an Kindern mit einem schweren neonatalen Lungenversagen eingesetzten Fragebögen können der Detektion einer Entwicklungsauffälligkeit dienen. In der klinischen Praxis sind sie als Entwicklungsscreening einsetzbar und auch für wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen anwendbar.
Deleterious Effects of Methylene Blue on Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cell in Vitro: Changes in Cell Viability and Secretory Phenotype in Exposed Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Shaodong , Xie Zhiyang , Chen Lu , Yang Baolin , Wu Xiaotao 
Published: March 2019

Purpose To investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on the viability and secretory phenotype of rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro.
Methods Rat NP cells were isolated, cultured, and treated with different MB concentrations (0–6.25 ng/mL) for different lengths of time. We evaluated the changes in cell morphology and cell viability. We also examined the cells for expression of collagen II, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Results After 2.5 to 6.25 ng/mL MB induced for 6 hours, numerous NP cells were dyed blue and rounded up. The adherent cell number was reduced by MB treatment. The viability of rat NP cells was significantly inhibited by MB in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with a very low dose of MB (1.5625 ng/mL) resulted in lower expression of collagen II and aggrecan and higher expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, and iNOS in rat NP cells.
Conclusions Rat NP cells exposed in vitro to MB significantly reduced their viability. Moreover, MB upregulated catabolism gene expression and downregulated anabolism gene expression in rat NP cells. These results suggest MB may be harmful to NP cells. The dose of intradiskal injected MB should be as low as possible to prevent or limit the damage to intervertebral disks.
Acoustic Voice Modifications in Individuals with Parkinson Disease Submitted to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Romann Aline Juliane , Beber Bárbara Costa , Cielo Carla Aparecida , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves motor function in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The evidence about the effects of STN-DBS on the voice is still inconclusive.
Objective To verify the effect of STN-DBS on the voice of Brazilian individuals with PD.
Methods Sixteen participants were evaluated on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale—Part III, and by the measurement of the acoustic modifications in on and off conditions of stimulation.
Results The motor symptoms showed significant improvement with STN-DBS on. Regarding the acoustic measures of the voice, only the maximum fundamental frequency (fhi) showed a statistical difference between on- and off-conditions, with reduction in off-condition.
Conclusion Changes in computerized acoustic measures are more valuable when interpreted in conjunction with changes in other measures. The single finding in fhi suggests that DBS-STN increases vocal instability. The interpretation of this result should be done carefully, since it may not be of great value if other measures that also indicate instability are not significantly different.
Posterior Approach to Meckel's Cave: Retrosigmoid Craniectomy with Endoscopic Assistance
Authors: Das Paramita , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Moore Nina Z. , Recinos Pablo F. 
Published: March 2019

Background Meckel's cave involvement in tumors pose a challenge due to their surrounding neurovascular structure and deep location.
Case Review A 24-year-old male presented with progressive headaches and right sided trigeminal neuralgia with a large epidermoid. The tumor extended from the ambient cistern to the cerebellomedullary cistern and involved Meckel's cave (Fig. 1).
Technical Note/Video Description A retrosigmoid craniectomy was performed. Cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, 7, and 10, and auditory brainstem responses were monitored. Once the craniectomy was completed the dura was opened and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was released from the cisterna magna to allow for the tumor resection to be done without the use of any retractors (Fig. 2). Care was taken to ensure that cranial nerves in the posterior fossa were detethered to prevent any traction injury. Using ring curettes the pearly white epidermoid tumor was able to be debulked. After all the possible tumor was resected with the microscope, the 30-degree endoscope was used to identify the porus trigeminus. Malleable ring curettes and a malleable suction were used to remove the soft tumor from this location. The patient transiently had loss of hearing but this returned within 2 weeks after surgery.
Conclusions The retrosigmoid approach is familiar to all neurosurgeons and with the adjunct of an angled endoscope, the posterior Meckel's cave can be easily reached. This is particularly useful for tumors with soft consistency. The assistance of the endoscope allows Meckel's cave visualization without additional drilling while still allowing safe resection of tumor from around the trigeminal nerve.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/01aqOyUmSW0.
Anthropometric Evaluation of Foramen Ovale in Adult Dry Skulls of the Mysuru-based Population
Authors: Srikantaiah Vidya , Shetty Hemamalini 
Published: March 2019

Introduction The greater wing of sphenoid presents various foramina, of which the foramen ovale is one important foramen through which advanced surgical therapeutic and diagnostic procedures related to the middle cranial fossa are performed.
Materials and Methods A total of 40 dried adult skulls of unknown gender and age, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of the JSS medical College, Mysuru, Kamakata, India. The length and the width of the foramen ovale were measured using digital sliding calipers (tiny deal 150 mm SS digital caliper with LCD display, Kristeel-Shimwa industries, Bombay, India).
Results The mean length of the foramen ovale was 0.745 ± 0.31 cm on the right side (RS), and 0.68 ± 0.15 cm on the left side (LS). The mean width was 0.6 ± 0.17 cm on the RS, and 0.56 ± 0.14 cm on the LS.
Conclusion The knowledge of variations in the length and breadth of the foramen ovale is of immense importance in neurosurgery during various invasive surgical procedures, such as percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and in the biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors and of Meckel cave lesions.
Low Mononuclear Cell IL-18 and IL-27 Response in Children: Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection after Contact
Authors: Karabacak Hasan Azem , Yilmaz Ozge , Tuglu Ibrahim , Taneli Fatma , Surucuoglu Suheyla , Kanik Esra Toprak , Ozkutuk Nuri , Gozukara Ceyhun , Ozkut Mahmut Mustafa , Turkeli Ahmet , Yuksel Hasan 
Published: March 2019

Background Identification of the immune response against tuberculosis is vital to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The objective of this study was to determine IL (interleukin)-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to early secreted antigen (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) stimulation in children with a (+) or (−) tuberculin skin test (TST) with in-house tuberculosis contact.
Methods We enrolled 40 children aged 1 to 5 years who had an in-house contact with a tuberculous adult. Blood samples were obtained from all children for QuantiFERON tuberculosis (TB) gold in tube (QFT-GIT), and peripheral blood mononuclear blood cell culture tests. The subjects were grouped as TST (−) QFT-GIT (−), TST (+) QFT-GIT (−), and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+). Supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture was separated with and without stimulation of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and IL-18 and IL-27 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) test.
Results The study group included 22 boys and 18 girls with mean age 4.25 ± 0.9 years. IL-18 and IL-27 levels were statistically significant in ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples among the three groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.007, respectively). IL-18 levels between the TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+) groups were significantly different (p = 0.026). Both IL-18 and IL-27 levels were significantly different between ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated PBMC supernatants of TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (−) groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion Low IL-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine may play a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after in-house contact.
Introduction
Authors: Roulston Kathryn 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces this collection by reviewing work that uses ethnomethodologically inspired approaches to analyze research interviews. These analyses supplement data representations that focus on “what” topics are talked about with information concerning “how” topics are elicited in specific interactional contexts. Informed by critiques that much interview research fails to account for interactional contexts in which descriptions were generated, this work uses tools drawn from ethnomethodology (EM), membership categorization analysis (MCA) and conversation analysis (CA) to explore features of interview interaction, construction of speakers’ accounts, interviewers’ roles in the generation of data, and what this means for social research. This work informs (1) the design and conduct of research studies, specifically the formulation of interview questions to elicit interviewees’ accounts, and the conduct of interviews with special populations, (2) the analysis and representation of interview data, and (3) the teaching of interview practice. The chapter concludes by introducing readers to the organization of the book and forthcoming chapters.