bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open data hackathons: an innovative strategy to enhance entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Kitsios Fotis , Kamariotou Maria 
Published: May 2018

PurposeIn terms of entrepreneurship, open data benefits include economic growth, innovation, empowerment and new or improved products and services. Hackathons encourage the development of new applications using open data and the creation of startups based on these applications. Researchers focus on factors that affect nascent entrepreneurs’ decision to create a startup but researches in the field of open data hackathons have not been fully investigated yet. This paper aims to suggest a model that incorporates factors that affect the decision of establishing a startup by developers who have participated in open data hackathons.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 70 papers were examined and analyzed using a three-phased literature review methodology, which was suggested by Webster and Watson (2002). These surveys investigated several factors that affect a nascent entrepreneur to create a startup.FindingsEventually, by identifying the motivations for developers to participate in a hackathon, and understanding the benefits of the use of open data, researchers will be able to elaborate the proposed model and evaluate if the contest has contributed to the decision of establish a startup and what factors affect the decision to establish a startup apply to open data developers, and if the participants of the contest agree with these factors.Originality/valueThe paper expands the scope of open data research on entrepreneurship field, stating the need for more research to be conducted regarding the open data in entrepreneurship through hackathons.
The role of boards of directors of family-owned microfinance institutions
Authors: Mori Neema , Charles Goodluck 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the composition and role of a board of directors in a family-owned microfinance institution (FO-MFI) in Tanzania.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a longitudinal analysis of the board practices based on boardroom observations for the period between 2012 and 2015. The study further collected and analyzed qualitative data from interviews with board members, management, and institution staff.FindingsThe findings indicate that even though external board members were appointed as a result of their diverse expertise and skills, their personal relationships with shareholders, life-cycle stage of the institution, and the nature of the industry influenced their selection. It was also found that the board played more of the service role in strategy formulation, resource mobilization, and networking, and, through that, members were also able to exercise control of the firm.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this paper is based on a qualitative approach, it suffers from the challenge of generalization. However, numerous research issues have been raised that require further investigation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the governance literature by showing what really happens in a family-owned firm, as it is based on a unique data set drawn from the boardroom of the FO-MFI in a context of a developing economy. This context is unique, given that most private MFIs operating as family enterprises do not have a professional board of directors. The study shows how the board contributes to a strategic direction of the firm in which the management and ownership are not separated, and the first generation is running the firm.
From community participation to co-design: “Quartiere bene comune” case study
Authors: Carra Martina , Levi Nicoletta , Sgarbi Giulia , Testoni Chiara 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to research in the field of social innovation and participatory policies through the analysis of the experimental “Quartiere bene comune” project implemented by Reggio Emilia municipality. The paper focuses on the planning strategies, the operational co-design methodologies and the programming of the used processes.

Design/methodology/approach
Firstly, the paper reviews the regulatory instruments and previous participatory policies implemented in Italy. Secondly, it describes the approaches and methodologies used in the context of participatory policies, through strategic planning and according to bottom-up governance models.

Findings
The study assesses the quality of the non-standardized solutions which were adopted, both in terms of community daily needs and of management of public space. Such assessment relies on a system of measurable numerical indicators, to the goals established within the pre-agreements between public administration and community and to the ensuing consistency with the indicators provided for in the planning and executive management plan of the public body.

Research limitations/implications
This paper proposes a new model for the evaluation of public action, capable of highlighting the relation between assumptions, operative processes, results and impacts achieved. The study is limited to the case of seven sample neighbourhoods of a single city, in which the Citizen Agreement cycle has been completed.

Originality/value
The study contributes to defining the framework of participatory practices in terms of active citizenship and organizational/social innovation and proposes a new methodology of impact assessment.
More descriptive norms, fewer diversions
Authors: Zheng Wenzhi , Wu Yenchun Jim , Lv Yue 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between researchers’ social media (SM) behavior and their academic performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 362 researchers was recruited from the colleges of management of 52 Chinese universities. A factor analysis of eight indices retrieved from the 362 data items was conducted. A total of 24 Chinese researchers were interviewed and given a robust test.

Findings
The results indicate that Chinese general social media (GSM) is insufficient to support academic research and it is difficult for scholars to enhance the visibility of their academic performance using GSM platforms, which can actually induce addiction. University resources, management systems, and working environment affect how scholars apply SM.

Research limitations/implications
The authors examined the researchers’ SM behavior by giving them a questionnaire and interview; however, this approach proved inadequate. The academic performance of researchers is affected by numerous factors, but the authors only considered SM behavior.

Practical implications
It is suggested that universities apply academic social media (ASM) indicators to measure researchers’ contributions so that they self-regulate their SM usage attitudes. Also, universities should also promote ASM platforms.

Originality/value
This study analyzed scholars’ GSM usage and academic performance, and the moderating effect of university level on the relationship between need for competence and relatedness and need for autonomy. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the scholarly SM usage literature.
Learning by revisiting assumptions: an adaptive decision process
Authors: Barabba Vincent 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This article demonstrates the value of adding a learning and adaptation component into the decision-making process.

Design/methodology/approach
By reviewing the case of Kodak’s decision not to focus its investments in digital technology in the 1980s the article introduces The Learning and Adaptation Decision Process, a model enables a firm to reassess analysis about future market disruptions and opportunities

Findings
Organizations need decision processes that are designed to be reviewed and rethought so they continue to provide fresh insight into how to prepare for disruptions and opportunities. This example shows how Kodak could have used its considerable resources to expedite its own digital camera technology, purchased companies with leading edge digital technology, put a digital technology-minded management team in place and lead the industry into the realm of mass market digital photography.”

Practical implications
A learning and adaptation approach might have helped Kodak take advantage of an opportunity to survive the disruption of its market and to avoid the eventual bankruptcy of the firm.”

Originality/value
The model introduced in this article can help leaders in a wide variety of industries review critical decisions, identify problematic outcomes, anticipate disruptions and prepare sooner for opportunities.
Contrasting seasonal and aseasonal environments across stages of the annual cycle in the rufous‐collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis: Differences in endocrine function, proteome and body condition
Authors: González‐Gómez Paulina L. , Echeverria Valentina , Estades Cristian F. , Perez Jonathan H. , Krause Jesse S. , Sabat Pablo , Li Jonathon , Kültz Dietmar , Wingfield John C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The timing and duration of life‐history stages (LHSs) within the annual cycle can be affected by local environmental cues which are integrated through endocrine signalling mechanisms and changes in protein function. Most animals express a single LHS within a given period of the year because synchronous expression of LHSs is thought to be too costly energetically. However, in very rare and extremely stable conditions, breeding and moult have been observed to overlap extensively in rufous‐collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) living in valleys of the Atacama Desert—one of the most stable and aseasonal environments on Earth.

To examine how LHS traits at different levels of organization are affected by environmental variability, we compared the temporal organization and duration of LHSs in populations in the Atacama Desert with those in the semiarid Fray Jorge National Park in the north of Chile—an extremely seasonal climate but with unpredictable droughts and heavy rainy seasons.

We studied the effects of environmental variability on morphological variables related to body condition, endocrine traits and proteome. Birds living in the seasonal environment had a strict temporal division of LHSs, while birds living in the aseasonal environment failed to maintain a temporal division of LHSs resulting in direct overlap of breeding and moult. Further, higher circulating glucocorticoids and androgen concentrations were found in birds from seasonal compared to aseasonal populations. Despite these differences, body condition variables and protein expression were not related to the degree of seasonality but rather showed a strong relationship with hormone levels.

These results suggest that animals adjust to their environment through changes in behavioural and endocrine traits and may be limited by less labile traits such as morphological variables or expression of specific proteins under certain circumstances. These data on free‐living birds shed light on how different levels of life‐history organization within an individual are linked to increasing environmental heterogeneity.
Timing and Appearance of Postmortem Root Banding in Nonhuman Mammals,
Authors: Richard Adam H. , Hietpas Jack , Buscaglia JoAnn , Monson Keith L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA study was undertaken using nonhuman mammal specimens to better understand environmental influences on postmortem hair root band (PMRB) formation and to see whether PMRBs would occur in nonhuman mammal hairs in a similar fashion to human hairs. Carcasses from surrounding roadways were the primary source of specimens for this study, augmented by donated deceased domestic pets. Sections of pelt from each specimen were placed in controlled environmental conditions while the remainder of the carcass was left in a secure outdoor setting. Hair samples were collected daily from outdoor and control specimens and examined for evidence of PMRBs. Several environmental factors were also recorded on a daily basis. Results demonstrate PMRBs can occur in nonhuman mammal hairs, and they have microscopic characteristics similar to human PMRBs. Factors found to correlate with PMRB formation include postmortem interval, temperature, pH, and the formation and subsequent volatilization of ammonia from the surrounding tissue.
Buzz‐pollination in Neotropical bees: genus‐dependent frequencies and lack of optimal frequency for pollen release
Authors: Rosi‐Denadai Conrado Augusto , Araújo Priscila Cássia Souza , Campos Lucio Antônio de Oliveira , Cosme Lirio , Guedes Raul Narciso Carvalho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver 50 genera of bees release pollen from flower anthers using thoracic vibrations, a phenomenon known as buzz‐pollination. The efficiency of this process is directly affected by the mechanical properties of the buzzes, namely the duration, amplitude, and frequency. Nonetheless, although the effects of the former two properties are well described, the role of buzz frequency on pollen release remains unclear. Furthermore, nearly all of the existing studies describing vibrational properties of natural buzz‐pollination are limited to bumblebees (Bombus) and carpenter bees (Xylocopa) constraining our current understanding of this behavior and its evolution. Therefore, we attempted to minimize this shortcoming by testing whether flower anthers exhibit optimal frequency for pollen release and whether bees tune their buzzes to match these (optimal) frequencies. If true, certain frequencies will trigger more pollen release and lighter bees will reach buzz frequencies closer to this optimum to compensate their smaller buzz amplitudes. Two strategies were used to test these hypotheses: (i) the use of (artificial) vibrational playbacks in a broad range of buzz frequencies and amplitudes to assess pollen release by tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and (ii) the recording of natural buzzes of Neotropical bees visiting tomato plants during pollination. The playback experiment indicates that although buzz frequency does affect pollen release, no optimal frequency exists for that. In addition, the recorded results of natural buzz‐pollination reveal that buzz frequencies vary with bee genera and are not correlated with body size. Therefore, neither bees nor plants are tuned to optimal pollen release frequencies. Bee frequency of buzz‐pollination is a likely consequence of the insect flight machinery adapted to reach higher accelerations, while flower plant response to buzz‐pollination is the likely result of its pollen granular properties.
Understanding Pediatric Caretakers’ Views on Obtaining Medical Care for Low‐acuity Illness
Authors: Cabey Whitney V. , Shea Judy A. , Kangovi Shreya , Kennedy Danielle , Onwuzulike Chiamaka , Fein Joel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of low‐acuity emergency department (ED) visits are by patients under 18 years of age. Results from prior interventions designed to reduce low‐acuity pediatric ED use have been mixed or poorly sustained, perhaps because they were not informed by patient and caretakers’ perspectives. The objective of this study was to explore caretaker decision‐making processes, values, and priorities when deciding to seek care.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews of caretakers in both emergency and primary care settings, incorporating stimulated recall methodology. We also explored receptiveness to two care delivery innovations: use of community health workers (CHWs) and video teleconferencing.ResultsInterviews of 57 caretakers identified multiple barriers to accessing primary care for their children's acute illness, including transportation, work constraints, and childcare. Frequent ED users lacked reliable social supports to overcome barriers. Fear of unforeseen health outcomes and a lack of trust in unfamiliar providers also influenced decision‐making, rather than lack of general knowledge about minor illness. Receptiveness to CHWs was mixed, reflecting concerns for privacy and level of expertise. The option of video teleconferencing for low‐acuity care was well received by caretakers.ConclusionsCaretakers who used the ED frequently had limited social support and reported difficulty accessing care when compared to other caretakers. Fear also motivated care seeking and a desire for immediate medical care. Teleconferencing for low‐acuity visits may be a useful health care delivery tool to reduce access barriers and provide rapid reassurance without engaging the ED.
Effect of different methods for conserving rice grain on in situ ruminal degradation and in vivo nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in steers
Authors: Miyaji Makoto , Inoue Hidehiko , Kawaide Tetsuo , Tohno Masanori , Kamiya Yuko , Nonaka Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effects of different rice conservation techniques on in situ ruminal degradation and in vivo nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in steers. Raw rice grain was dried before crushing (DRY), ensiled after crushing (ENS‐A), or ensiled before crushing (ENS‐B). Six ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary treatments: diets containing DRY, ENS‐A, or ENS‐B at 36% of the dietary dry matter. The in situ rapidly degradable fraction and effective ruminal degradability were higher for ensiled rice than for DRY, and higher for ENS‐A than for ENS‐B. The ruminal pH was lower and the lactic acid and total volatile acid concentrations were higher for the steers fed ensiled rice than those fed the DRY diet, but a treatment effect was not observed in the comparison between ENS‐A and ENS‐B. The whole‐tract digestibility of crude protein and ether extract was improved when the rice grain was ensiled, but there were no differences in nutrient digestibility between ensiling methods. These results show that ensiling treatment can be a strategy to improve the nutrient value of rice grain, but the ensiling method has little impact on in vivo digestion.
Anatomical and histochemical features of the digestive system ofOctopus vulgarisCuvier, 1797 with a special focus on secretory cells
Authors: Fernández‐Gago Raquel , Molist Pilar , Rocha Francisco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study reports a detailed anatomical and histological study of the digestive system ofOctopus vulgaris. Emphasis was placed on characterising the glands and glandular cells and their distribution throughout the digestive tract. The use of classic histological and histochemical techniques revealed two morphological types of glandular cells: granular and mucous. Moreover, the histochemical analysis indicated specialisation of mucous glandular cells in the buccal mass, the submandibular gland and the caecum for secreting acid and neutral glycoconjugates. The cells of the anterior salivary glands are specialised for secreting neutral glycoproteins, and those of the posterior salivary glands are specialised for granular and mucous secretion. The oesophagus, crop and stomach lack glandular cells, but both granular and mucous glandular cells are found in the intestine. An unusual structure resembling the typhlosole of bivalves is described for the first time in the intestine ofO. vulgaris. The highly ciliated epithelium and location of the structure in the anterior part of the intestine suggest a possible role in bypassing the caecum, stomach and intestine. We discuss how these cells and organs contribute to the process of digestion in the light of the present histological and histochemical data and of previously published information on the morphology and physiology of digestion in the octopus.
A phase 2 study of modified lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma
Authors: O'Donnell Elizabeth K. , Laubach Jacob P. , Yee Andrew J. , Chen Tianqi , Huff Carol Ann , Basile Frank G. , Wade Philip M. , Paba‐Prada Claudia E. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Schlossman Robert L. , Burke Jill N. , Harrington Cynthia C. , Lively Kathleen J. , Lyons Hannah F. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Trippa Lorenzo , Richardson Paul G. , Raje Noopur S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe sought a regimen that incorporates optimal novel agents and balances efficacy with toxicity in transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Our study evaluated modified lenalidomide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone (RVD lite) in this population and was administered over a 35‐day cycle. Lenalidomide 15 mg was given orally on days 1–21; bortezomib 1·3 mg/m2 weekly subcutaneously on days 1, 8, 15 and 22; and dexamethasone 20 mg orally was given on the day of and day after bortezomib for 9 cycles followed by 6 cycles of consolidation with lenalidomide and bortezomib. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR); secondary objectives included safety, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Fifty‐three eligible patients were screened between April 2013 and May 2015; 50 received at least one dose of therapy. Median age at study entry was 73 years (range 65–91). The ORR was 86% and 66% of patients achieved a very good partial response or better. Median PFS was 35·1 months (95% confidence interval 30·9–not reached) and median OS was not reached at a median follow‐up of 30 months. Peripheral neuropathy was reported in 31 (62%) patients with only 1 patient experiencing grade 3 symptoms. RVD lite is a well‐tolerated and highly effective regimen, with robust PFS and OS, in the transplant‐ineligible MM population.
On the spectrum, off the beaten path. A qualitative study of Irish parents’ experiences of raising a child with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Byrne Gary , Sarma Kiran M. , Hendler John , O'Connell Anthony 
Published: May 2018

Accessible summaryTen Irish parents raising a child with autism talked about their experiences.They reported that it was difficult but also how it has helped them grow.They hope that their children will be included but are scared about the challenges they will face.AbstractBackgroundRaising a child with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) presents many challenges and learning experiences for parents and other family members. There has been limited research to date on Irish parents’ experience of raising a child with ASC. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of a sample of Irish parents who have a child on the autistic spectrum.MethodA series of 1:1 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents in the Republic of Ireland. In total, 10 interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes.ResultsFive main themes were identified: (a) blame and stigma; (b) isolation; (c) being vigilant; (d) advocacy; and (e) coping with autism.ConclusionsThe findings of the study have implications for professionals who work with Irish families affected by autism. Although Ireland's movement towards social inclusion lags behind other countries, a number of the experiences faced by Irish parents are similar to that reported in other countries, suggesting a universality of ASC parenting experiences. The implications of this are discussed.