bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Totally‐laparoscopic versus laparoscopic‐assisted low anterior resection for rectal cancer: are outcomes different?
Authors: Ng Jia Lin , Lai Jiunn Herng , Li Hui Hua , Tan Enjiu Pauleon , Tang Choong Leong 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundLaparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer has superior short‐term benefits compared to open surgery. When operative conditions do not favour a totally‐laparoscopic (TL) approach, a hybrid operation can be performed. In this laparoscopic‐assisted (LA) approach, mobilization and vessel ligation are performed laparoscopically, with total mesorectal excision and distal transection performed either partially or totally in an extra‐corporeal fashion. We compared short‐term post‐operative and oncological outcomes of both approaches.MethodsA prospectively collected database of patients who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer between January 2009 and December 2014 was retrospectively analysed. Demographics, post‐operative and oncological outcomes were compared.ResultsOf 174 patients, 97 were completed by TL, 62 by LA and the remaining 15 were converted to open. Baseline demographics were similar. LA group compared to TL group had bulkier rectal cancers (6.75 cm3 versus 4.50 cm3, P = 0.04) which were lower (6 cm versus 7 cm from anal verge, P = 0.02). They were of a more advanced tumour grade and had greater incidence of lymphovascular invasion. Yet, post‐operative outcomes such as time to diet, pain scores, hospitalization duration, wound‐related and anastomotic complications, 30‐day morbidity and mortality were similar. There was no difference in oncological adequacy, including circumferential resection margins, distal margins, lymph node harvest and 2‐year local recurrence rates.ConclusionLaparoscopic‐assisted low anterior resection enables minimally invasive rectal surgery to be performed despite unfavourable tumour factors and technical challenges; and compares favourably with TL approach in terms of short‐term outcomes and oncological safety.
Going to extremes for sodium acquisition: use of community land and high‐altitude areas by mountain gorillas Gorilla beringei in Rwanda
Authors: Grueter Cyril C. , Wright Edward , Abavandimwe Didier , Ortmann Sylvia , Mudakikwa Antoine , Musana Abel , Uwingeli Propser , Ndagijimana Felix , Vecellio Veronica , Stoinski Tara S. , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpace use in mammals may be influenced not only by their primary foods, but also by localized sources of physiologically critical resources such as sodium‐rich plants. We examined how sodium acquisition influences habitat use in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei) in Rwanda which have increased the amount of time they forage on community land outside of Volcanoes National Park (VNP), where eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) tree bark is their most frequently eaten food. We measured sodium content in samples from 34 main dietary items and quantified sodium intake by 22 gorillas in three social groups over one year. On a dry weight basis, eucalyptus bark contains 3100 mg Na/kg. In contrast, the four herbs most frequently exploited for food inside the park are relatively sodium‐poor (<70 mg/kg each). Further, sodium intake rates were highest when the gorillas were on community land. Of the two groups that fed outside of the park, one obtained 73% and the other one 45% of their sodium in that habitat despite only feeding for minimal amounts of time there. However, one group that did not feed on community land acquired 78% of its sodium in the subalpine and alpine zones through the consumption of pith of giant lobelias and groundsels. Obtaining sodium thus likely creates an incentive for the gorillas to leave the park and make forays into high‐altitude habitat. Both strategies are not without risks: exiting their natural habitat and feeding on crops may increase human‐wildlife conflict and visiting high‐altitude areas may increase the risk of hypothermia.
Parental factors in early childhood are associated with approximal caries experience in young adults—A longitudinal study
Authors: Isaksson Helén , Koch Göran , Alm Anita , Nilsson Mats , Wendt Lill‐Kari , Birkhed Dowen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that parental factors in early childhood influence approximal caries experience in young adults.MethodsA cohort of 494 individuals was followed longitudinally from 1 to 20 years of age. Data were retrieved from parental interviews and questionnaires when the child was 1 and 3 years of age. At age 20, the participants underwent bitewing radiographic examination. Based on the number of approximal caries lesions (Da), stratified into initial (Di) or manifest caries (Dm) and approximal fillings (Fa), the participants were divided into two main groups: those with: (a) 0 DimFa (n = 244) and (b) >0 DimFa (n = 250). A subgroup was also created (≥8 DimFa; n = 33).ResultsToothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste at 3 years of age less than twice a day (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0‐2.6) and the participants' mothers' self‐estimation of their oral health care as “less than optimal” were important risk factors for developing caries (>0 DimFa OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3‐3.1). An interaction effect between toothbrushing at 3 years of age less than twice a day and consumption of caries risk products > 3 times a day further increased the caries experience in young adults (≥8 DimFa OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.8‐37.8) together with maternal anxiety about dental treatment (OR 7.4 95% CI 1.6‐34.6).ConclusionsParental factors in early childhood are associated with caries experience at 20 years of age.
Clinical peri‐implant parameters and inflammatory cytokine profile among smokers of cigarette, e‐cigarette, and waterpipe
Authors: AlQahtani Mohammed Ayedh , Alayad Abdullah Saeed , Alshihri Abdulmonem , Correa Fernanda Oliveira Bello , Akram Zohaib 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there has been no study identified that assessed peri‐implant parameters and local levels of proinflammatory cytokines between waterpipe smokers (WS) and electronic cigarette users (VS). To evaluate the true effect of the risk indicator (WS and VS), a positive control (cigarette smokers [CS]) was added in the study design.PurposeTo compare clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine profile in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) among CS, WS, VS, and nonsmokers (NS).Materials and MethodsForty CS, WS, VS, and NS were included. Details regarding demographics, duration of implants, and habits were recorded. Clinical examination for periodontal and peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD ≥ 4 mm) were assessed. Radiographic bone loss (RBL) was assessed using digital periapical radiographs and viewed on a calibrated computer screen using an image analyzer. Levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐1β in PISF were evaluated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMean peri‐implant PI (P < .05), PD ≥ 4 mm (P < .05), and total RBL (P < .01) was significantly higher among CS, WS, and VS compared with NS. Statistical differences in BOP were observed in NS (P < .01) compared to CS, WS, and VS. CS and WS showed significantly higher PD ≥ 4 mm and RBL compared with VS (P < .05). Levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were significantly higher in CS, WS, and VS compared to NS. There were no statistical differences in the mean levels of all proinflammatory cytokines among individuals in CS and WS.ConclusionTobacco smoking is associated with poor peri‐implant health. The effect of waterpipe smoking was of largely the same extent as that of cigarette smoking. Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in tobacco smokers may propose increased peri‐implant inflammatory process which could play a principal role in the progression of peri‐implant tissue damage.
Investigation of surface structure and biocompatibility of chitosan‐coated zirconia and alumina dental abutments
Authors: Kalyoncuoglu Ulku Tugba , Yilmaz Bengi , Koc Serap Gungor , Evis Zafer , Arpaci Pembegul Uyar , Kansu Gulay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor long‐term success of dental implants, it is essential to maintain the health of the surrounding soft tissue barrier, which protects the bone‐implant interface from the microorganisms. Although implants based on titanium and its alloys still dominate the dental implant market, alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) implant systems are widely used in the area. However, they provide smooth and bioinert surfaces in the transmucosal region, which poorly integrate with the surrounding tissues.ObjectiveThe main aim of this research was to investigate the surface characteristics and biocompatibility of chitosan‐coated alumina and zirconia surfaces.Materials and MethodsThe substrates were coated via solution casting technique. Additionally, an aging process with a thermocycle apparatus was applied on the coated materials to mimic the oral environment. To define the morphology and chemical composition of the surfaces of untreated, chitosan‐coated, and chitosan‐coated‐aged samples, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry were used. The phases and bonds characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The human gingival fibroblast cells were used to evaluate cytocompatibility by a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium salt assay.ResultsIt was observed that both substrates were successfully coated with chitosan and the aging process did not significantly affect the integrity of the coating. The attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cells were shown to be good on both kinds of chitosan‐coated surfaces.ConclusionCoating zirconia and alumina surfaces with chitosan is an efficient surface modification for increasing biocompatibility and bioactivity of these materials in vitro.
Economics‐based Principles for a Post‐conflict China–US Commercial Regime
Authors: Posen Adam S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeither the Chinese nor US economic systems will fundamentally change as a result of overt trade conflict. The challenge for policy‐relevant economics is to design a regime for China–US commerce that accepts the co‐existence but also addresses underlying disputes. Many important China–US disputes, notably those over intellectual property protection and state subsidies, cannot be resolved by the World Trade Organization, thus new institutions must be built. Economics‐based regime principles should entail recognition that: the China–US bilateral trade imbalance is unique mainly because of macroeconomic and financial factors, not trade; agreements should restrict commercial and government behaviors, not target economic outcomes; Chinese companies must compete and be allowed to succeed in any sector, including high‐technology; China is not entitled to US‐owned technology, thus intellectual property rights must be enforced; and the US Government should support an increased role for China in global economic governance.
A Trade War That is Unwarranted
Authors: Yu Yongding 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Trump Administration has presented three major reasons to justify the initiation of a China–US trade war: China's large trade surplus against the US, China's failure to comply with World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments and China's unreasonable acquisition of US technology and theft of intellectual property rights. The fundamental cause of the US trade deficit is its persistent saving deficiency. China has complied with WTO commitments, although there remains significant room for improvement. The case against China for the so‐called unfair acquisition of foreign technologies and cyber‐enabled intellectual property rights theft is weak at best, although China needs to redouble its effort in protecting intellectual property rights. President Trump's trade war will not drive China to abandon its resolve to catch up to the advanced economies. China is ready to fight a war of attrition. Unfortunately, both sides – as well as the rest of the world – will incur heavy losses in the process.
Measuring wood‐boring depth of Arhopalus ferus and Prionoplus reticularis in Pinus radiata logs informs the development of phytosanitary treatments
Authors: Romo C.M. , Bader M.K.‐F. , Pawson S.M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhytosanitary treatments are applied to minimize the movement of forest insects when trading export logs and timber. Treatments must prove effective against quarantine pests. However, to date, phytosanitary treatment development rarely incorporates biological information about pest location within a commodity. Incorporating such knowledge may lead to improved treatment efficiency by targeting control at the specific location of pests. We assessed larval‐boring depth of Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) and Prionoplus reticularis (White) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) over 5 months at a range of temperatures using Pinus radiataD. Don (Pinaceae) logs. Five months extends beyond the maximum time between harvest and subsequent export of logs from New Zealand. Logs (22 cm diameter, 50 cm long) were manually infested with neonate larvae and destructively sampled every 4 weeks. Boring depths differed significantly between species and their rates of boring (penetration) into the sapwood were temperature dependent. At the highest temperature (24/16 °C, day/night), mean larval boring depths after 5 months by A. ferus and P. reticularis were 27.7 mm (95% confidence interval: 22.4–32.4) and 9.4 mm (6.9–12.0), respectively. Maximum larval boring depths of A. ferus and P. reticularis after 5 months occurred at 21/12 °C (day/night) and were 53.7 mm (33.8–69.4) and 21.8 mm (16.6–27.0), respectively. Information on boring depth can inform trials to assess the efficacy of new phytosanitary treatments. Knowledge of the location of potential pest species ensures that proposed treatment schedules are effective at treating infested portions of export logs.
Nest site choice by the intertidal spider Desis formidabilis (Araneae: Desidae) and nest utilisation by its hymenopteran egg parasitoid
Authors: Owen Candice A. , van Noort Simon , Compton Stephen G. , Coetzee Julie A. 
Published: September 2018

1. Echthrodesis lamorali Masner, 1968 is the only known parasitoid of the eggs of the intertidal rocky shore spider Desis formidabilis O.P. Cambridge 1890 and is endemic to a small area of South Africa.2. The abundance of spider nests and parasitoid presence were assessed in relation to their in‐ and between‐shore location at multiple sites within the distribution of E. lamorali along the Cape Peninsula (Western Cape, South Africa).3. Desis formidabilis nests were more abundant in the mid‐shore zone than higher up or lower down the shore. Spider population sizes also differed between collection sites, with higher numbers recorded on the cooler western coast of the peninsula.4. Evidence of parasitoid activity was recorded in 43.31% of the 127 nests and 13.85% of the 592 egg sacs they contained.5. Where parasitoids gained entry to a spider egg sac, oviposition took place into all of the eggs present.6. Incidence of wasp activity was positively correlated with spider nest concentration, not with height up the shore, suggesting that both the host and parasitoid are tolerant of salt‐water inundation.7. These results should assist managers of the Table Mountain National Park, in which the full distribution of E. lamorali falls, to better understand this component of rocky shore community dynamics.
Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on habitat suitability for Pacific saury in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chang Yi‐Jay , Lan Kuo‐Wei , Walsh William A. , Hsu Jhen , Hsieh Chih‐hao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for two size classes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Environmental data, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, salinity, and net primary production, and catch and effort data from Taiwanese distant‐water stick‐held dip net fisheries during the main fishing season (August–October) during 2002–2015 were used. Habitat preferences and suitable habitat area differed between size classes. The suitable habitat was located between 40–47.5°N and 145–165°E for large‐sized Pacific saury but encompassed a greater area (35–47°N and 140–165°E) for medium‐sized Pacific saury. Both size classes were affected by substantial interannual variation in the environmental variables, which in turn can be important in determining the potential fishing grounds. We found a significant negative relationship between the suitable habitat area and the Niño3.4 indices with a time‐lag of 6 months for the large‐sized (r = −0.68) and medium‐sized (r = −0.42) Pacific saury, respectively, as well as the total landings of Pacific saury by all fishing fleets (r = −0.46). As remotely‐sensed environmental data become increasingly available, HSI models may prove useful for evaluation of possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change or other environmental phenomena and in formulating scientific advice for management.
Diaspora mobilization and the politics of loyalty in the time of Ebola: evidence from the Sierra Leonean diaspora in the UK
Authors: RUBYAN‐LING DAVID 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFollowing the recent involvement of overseas diasporas and citizen groups in humanitarian crises, scholars are reconsidering how these groups mobilize and what distinguishes them from formal humanitarian organizations. In this article, I document the individual and collective mobilization of a section of the Sierra Leonean diaspora during the 2014/15 Ebola outbreak. I focus on the individual health‐related communications of Sierra Leoneans living in London, on a specific UK‐based diaspora association called the Kono District Development Association‐UK, and on efforts to coordinate the diaspora. Bolten (2012), and Van Hear and Cohen (2017), show that diasporic mobilization operates through ‘nested scales’ of loyalty to kin, association and nation, and that these different loyalties overlap and conflict. I argue that such overlapping engagements challenge policy orientations to ‘national’ diasporas and offer an alternative model of international humanitarianism.
“Imagine if I'm not here, what they're going to do?”—Health‐care access and culturally and linguistically diverse women in prison
Authors: Watt Kelly , Hu Wendy , Magin Parker , Abbott Penny 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundWomen in prison have complex medical needs and poorer health status than the general population. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women in prison, particularly those with limited English proficiency (LEP), have distinct needs and risk additional isolation, discrimination and marginalization when they are in prison.ObjectiveWe sought to examine how cultural and linguistic diversity, particularly LEP, affects the health‐care experiences of women in prison.Design, Setting and ParticipantsWe conducted focus groups and semi‐structured qualitative interviews with CALD women and frontline nursing staff in the three female Correctional Centres in New South Wales, Australia.ResultsParticipants comprised 30 women in prison and nine nurses. Both women and staff reported communication difficulties as a significant and additional barrier to accessing and receiving health care. For some women with LEP, barriers to care were perceived as discrimination. Fellow prisoners were often utilized as support persons and informal interpreters (“peer interpreters”) in place of formally trained interpreters. While peer interpreters were perceived as useful, potential challenges to their use were vulnerability to coercion, loss of confidentiality, untrained health advice and errors of interpretation.ConclusionThe persistent use of peer interpreters in prison is complicated by the lack of clearly defined roles, which can include informal peer support roles and lay health advice. These are highly complex roles for which they are unlikely to be adequately trained or supported, despite perceived benefits to their use. Improved understanding and facilitation of health‐related communication could enhance equity of access for CALD women in prison.
Development of intervention-related quality indicators for renal clinical pharmacists using a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Boutin Katherine , Nevers William , Gorman Sean K , Slavik Richard S , Martinusen Daniel J , Lo Clifford 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To develop a list of renal Quality Indicator Drug therapy problems (QI-DTPs) that serve to advance renal pharmacy practice to improve patient care.

Methods
Eighteen (18) renal, clinical pharmacists participated in an internet-based three-round modified Delphi survey. Each of the three rounds took approximately 2 weeks to complete. Panellists rated 30-candidate renal QI-DTPs using seven selection criteria and one overall consensus criterion on a nine-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if 75% or more of panellists assigned a score of 7–9 on the consensus criterion during the third Delphi round.

Key findings
All panellists completed three rounds of Delphi survey. Seventeen-candidate renal QI-DTPs met the consensus definition.

Conclusions
A Delphi panel of renal clinical pharmacists successfully identified 17 consensus renal QI-DTPs. Assessment and implementation of these QI-DTPs will serve to advance renal pharmacy practice and improve patient care.
Factors influencing paternal involvement during infancy: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Ang Lina , Goh Esther C.L. , Gandhi Mihir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore factors influencing paternal involvement at 6 months postpartum and to detail the trend of these factors over a period of 6 months.BackgroundThere is a dearth of studies on paternal involvement during infancy in the unique Asian context.DesignA prospective four‐time point longitudinal design was adopted.MethodsA total of 201 participants were recruited from a local hospital from May 2016 ‐ December 2017 using convenience sampling. Self‐administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were statistically analysed.ResultsParenting self‐efficacy at 6‐month postpartum, paternal involvement, and paternal postnatal depression on the day of wife's hospital discharge, wife in paid work and wife's antenatal class attendance significantly influenced paternal involvement at 6 months postpartum. A sub‐analysis of first‐time and experienced fathers revealed that parenting self‐efficacy at 6‐month postpartum, paternal involvement on the day of wife's hospital discharge and wife in paid work were significant factors influencing paternal involvement for first‐time fathers. Significant factors influencing paternal involvement for experienced fathers were paternal involvement on the day of wife's hospital discharge and wife's antenatal class attendance.ConclusionFathers (first‐time and experienced) who were involved during their infant's birth were also involved at 6‐month postpartum. Healthcare professionals may encourage paternal involvement through teaching fathers infant care skills during the antenatal period, especially first‐time fathers as they may be lacking in such skills, which may hinder their parenting satisfaction. Paternal involvement throughout the perinatal period can be enforced by healthcare professionals to promote paternal involvement.